bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Ramadhani Dony Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Evaluasi bahasa selama ini lebih difokuskan kepada keterampilan yang berbasis komunikasi secara tertulis, hal ini dapat dilihat dari evaluasi yang dilaksanakan selama ini, tes yang diberikan sering berbentuk ganda dan essai. Padahal jika diperhatikan lebih seksama, komunikasi dari sisi lisan sangat penting untuk digalakkan dengan banyaknya orang-orang Arab yang datang ke Indonesia. Kedatangan mereka memiliki berbagai macam maksud, ada yang hanya sekedar ingin belajar, ada juga sekedar ingin berkunjung, bahkan ada yang datang ke Indonesia dengan maksud dan tujuan bekerja, seperti menjadi dosen atau pengajar. Tentunya hal ini akan menjadi kesempatan buat para pelajar untuk berkomunikasi langsung dengan orang-orang tersebut, baik karena ingin belajar secara mendalam bahasa yang dipelajari ataupun mendapat pengetahuan. Dengan melihat keadaan tersebut, maka evaluasi dalam keterampilan berbicara sudah seharusnya mulai diperhatikan, guna mencapai tujuan dari berbahasa itu sendiri, yakni berkomunikasi.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK
Authors: Rifai Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Ada nilai-nilai karakter yang menjadi prioritas utama. Diantaranya adalah jujur, toleransi, demokrasi, suka menolong, cinta kedamaian. Karena kondisi Negara Indonesia saat ini dengan rusaknya moral dan semakin parah. Maka nilai-nilai itu yang dianggap sangat dibutuhkan. Dan kesemuanya itu adalah nilai-nilai kemanusiaan (Humanis) yang lebih mengutamakan perlakuan baik terhadap sesama manusia. Karena tujuan dari pendidikan karakter adalah menjadi manusia yang baik. Perlu kita cermati bersama, bahwa nilai-nilai tersebut terlihat sangat baik dan sesuai dengan kemanusiaan. Tapi masih belum sepenuhnya bisa diterima oleh Islam dan masih harus dipertanyakan lebih mendalam. Seperti “Jujur”, dalam Islam tak selamanya kita harus jujur kepada siapa saja. Ada porsi dan posisi serta kondisi yang harus dipertimbangkan. Sebagai contoh, ketika perang dan tertangkap menjadi tawanan. Maka ia sebagai seorang muslim tidak boleh jujur mengatakan dimana letak kelemahan kaum muslim walaupun harus mempertaruhkan nyawanya demi agamanya. Dan pada saat itu ia termasuk muslim yang berakhlak mulia. pada umumnya karakter adalah sesuatu yang baik. Karakter jujur, toleran, kerja keras, dan sebagainya, memang sesuatu yang didambakan manusia. Namun tanpa disertai akhlak, karakter itu akan dapat melampaui batas-batas ajaran agama. Sebagai contoh, karakter toleran. Toleransi saja tidak cukup. Toleran terhadap apa? Seorang muslim tidak boleh bersikap toleran terhadap kemusyrikan atau kemunkaran. Sebab, setiap muslim berkewajiban menjalankan amar ma’ruf nahi munkar
TAFSIR AYAT KAUNIYAH
Authors: Rusydi Akhmad
Published: October 2019

Al-Qur`an adalah kitab suci umat Islam yang Allah turunkan kepada Rasul-Nya Muhammad SAW sebagai mu`jizat terbesar, serta sebagai salah satu pedoman bagi umat manusia dalam menjalani kehidupan baik di dunia maupun di akhirat. Kandungan Al-Qur`an tidak hanya berbicara tentang masalah akidah, fiqih dan semisalnya yang berhubungan dengan persiapan seorang hamba menuju alam akhirat saja. Al-Qur`an juga berbicara tentang sejumlah tanda-tanda kebesaran Allah SWT dalam penciptaan alam ini, petunjuk bagi manusia dalam kehidupan mereka di dunia, berupa perputaran bulan, bumi dan matahari pada porosnya yang menjadi petunjuk bagi mereka dalam banyak aktifitas mereka. Terdapat banyak ayat-ayat yang berbicara tentang kaun (alam) dalam Al-Qur`an yang seandainya dikaji secara serius oleh umat Islam di zaman modern ini, akan menambah keimanan terhadap kebenaran Al-Qur`an yang diturunkan dari sisi Allah SWT.
POLITIK HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aseri Muhsin
Published: October 2019

Kajian ini dilator belakangi perjalanan panjang hukum Islam untuk menjadi hukum formal di Indonesia tidak sepi dari polemik, khususnya pergumulan hukum Islam dengan hukum Barat dan hukum Adat, banyak menuai dilema dalam kebijakan. Perseteruan antara politik dan hukum sangat kuat dalam supremasinya. Oleh karena itu kajian ini berupaya mendiskripsikan konsep tualisasi politik hukum Islam dan pemberlakuannya di Indonesia. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa konfigurasi politik senantiasa akan berpengaruh terhadap sifat /karakter produk hukum Islam yang dihasilkan. Posisi dan fungsi hukum Islam di Indonesia sangat terpengaruh atas politik hukum. Dan berlakunya hukum Islam di Indonesia sebagai refleksi kajian politik hukum Islam.
Analysis Of the Small Signal Stability of The Power System Connected With Wind Generators
Authors:   Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamilnadu, India., Sampathkumar Anitha , Suriya S.Aarthi ,   Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamilnadu, India., Sherine S. ,   Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: October 2019

The fundamental goal of this proposal is to contemplate and examine the little signal soundness of the power framework associated with wind generators, as the power age utilizing wind generators has picked up significance in the ongoing days. Here, direct drive perpetual magnet synchronous generator is considered in the investigation, and the little sign model is inferred to survey the little unsettling influence solidness. The eigen esteem examination explores the dynamic conduct of intensity framework under various modes. Along these lines, by utilizing eigen esteem investigation, the connection between the modes and the state factors are gotten. In this manner by fluctuating the controller parameters their effect on the eigen esteems are considered. The outcome demonstrates that the framework soundness can be improved by appropriate tuning of both generator side and matrix side converter controller parameters. [1],[ 3],[5]Little sign model is produced for a matrix associated PMSG based WECS. Eigen esteem examination is performed for 3 machine nine 9 transport framework utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Implementation of Switched Reluctance Motor Using Pwm Controlled Split Phase Converter In Hybrid
Authors:   Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., Sampathkumar Anitha , Hemavathi G. ,   Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., Dwarakesh K. ,   Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: October 2019

This framework introduces the sun powered encouraged SRM by utilizing fluffy rationale framework. In this framework dc-dc converter, KY help converter is utilized to support the voltage from the PV board. Variable speed drives for PV-sustained electric vehicles demonstrate profoundly encouraging for financial and social development. Being increasingly affordable without winding and changeless magnets on rotor, exchanged hesitance engine (SRM) is raising as an alluring alternative in factor speed drives. Such a framework requests for an appropriate controller with basic and decreased parts. Established two switches for each stage converter is utilized to assess the execution of SRM .Performance attributes, for example, torque swell, speed and current of the SRM FUZZY rationale system is tried at different dimensions are displayed in this venture. Recreations were finished by utilizing Matlab/simulink programming. [19],[20],[21]
Wind Power Management using IoT and Wi-Fi
Authors:   Associate Professor Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., Jayalakshmi Dr.V. , Sakthivel K. ,   Assistant Professor Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., Sherine S. ,   Assistant Professor Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India
Published: October 2019

As the call for wind power keeps on creating at exponential rates, decreasing activity and redesign costs and improving unwavering quality have come to be zenith needs in wind Mill(WM) upkeep methods. additionally to the improvement of more prominent very created WM plans expected to improve accessibility, the utilization of dependable and cost compelling circumstance observing (CM) procedures offers a green strategy to accomplish this goal.among those exceptional systems temperature,oil degree following and voltage detecting is a principle job. The center objectives of this proposed remote wellness checking frameworks are to find the common wellness circumstance of the framework, to avert debacles brought about by mechanical and electrical flaws, to anticipate the seriousness phase of issue, and to assess the valuable existence of the gadget utilizing net. [19],[20],[21]
Intelligent Excitation Control system for Plant Generator
Authors:   Department of EEE, Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., Rangaswamy Dr. T. R. , Prakash Dr. S. ,   Department of EEE, Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., R Rathika ,   Department of EEE, Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: October 2019

Excitation framework in a Power plant assumes significant job to keep up the terminal voltage of the generator at a predetermined level by controlling the exciter voltage of the generator. The most elevated level of unwavering quality requests savvy excitation framework. A tale plan for excitation control of utilizing neural controller is proposed. The current control plans experience issues to adapt up to inborn time delay, nonlinearity because of vulnerability of the excitation procedure and regular changes load. For the present work due thought has been given to ΔVT Terminal Voltage, ω Rotor Speed, P Active Power and Q Reactive Power. The exhibitions of proposed plans are assessed by recreation and the outcomes are contrasted and traditional controllers utilizing constant information got from the warm power plant. The upsides of the proposed plan over the current controllers are featured. [1], [ 3],[5]
Advance control scheme for Desalination Plant
Authors:   Professor, Department of EEE, Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India, Prakash Dr.S. , R Rathika ,   Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India., Rangaswamy Dr.T.R. ,   Professor, Department of EEE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India
Published: October 2019

The multistage flash desalination (msf) process is used to separate brine from sea water and provide distilled water. The factors that determine the performance of the plant (distillate produced) depends on the output temperature of the brine heater which is known as top brine temperature.Single loop controllers are usually used to control top brine temperature. Control of top brine temperature of MSF plants is a multivariable control problem, due to interaction between other variables like, brine inlet flow to the brine heater, brine heater level, brine concentration etc., the use of simple PID controllers cannot cope with the compound interactions with other variables which affects the top brine temperature. Hence it is necessary to have dependable model of the plant behavior to account for the interaction between the controlled and manipulated variables. For this purpose, a non-linear dynamic model was developed for the MSF plant with multi variable interaction approach. Simulation studies were carried out to maintain top brine temperature by varying brine flow and brine heater level. A feed forward controller was developed and the performance was compared with the conventional PID controller. The merits of the proposed scheme were highlighted. [19],[20],[21]
Blind People Voice Based Online Exam
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India, Mohanraj R. , Kanagavalli  ,   Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India, Manoj Sowmiya ,   Assistant Professor ,Department of ECE,Bharath Institute of Higher education and research, Tamilnadu, India
Published: October 2019

The online examinations are in common for all competitive exams in order to reduce the workload of the faculties as well as students. In conducting online exams, new kind of technologies are using for better functioning. In these areas new implementations are coming. Till date Visually Challenged people cannot attend the online exams due to various factors. To make them to participate in such exams like ordinary peoplean advanced system is proposed. Here the questions which are available as softcopy are being dictated to the students with the help of voice board, the visually challenged peoples can hear it by using headphones. The applicants can answer it by pressing by pressing the keys in the keyboard. [7],[ 9] ,[11]
Strumenti per l’ottimizzazione della dose nella preparazione e somministrazione dei Radiofarmaci in medicina nucleare
Authors: Di Lascio Antonio
Published: October 2019

In medicina nucleare la dose radioattiva incide, non soltanto sul paziente, come avviene nella Radiologia Convenzionale (Rx, TC, etc. ) con l’utilizzo di macchine radiogene, ma anche sull’operatore che la predispone, manipola e la somministra, con ripercussioni e problematiche attinenti alla sicurezza e alla Radioprotezione e in particolare alla contaminazione radioattiva (interna e/o esterna – delle superfici, indumenti, cute e cavità) che hanno imposto una costante attenzione nella ricerca di soluzioni e sistemi per la loro ottimizzazione e razionalizzazione al minimo indispensabile.
Kitab Suci, Gereja, dan Otoritas: Harmonisasi Doktrin Kecukupan Alkitab dengan Sejarah Gereja
Authors: Reynaldi Christian
Published: October 2019

Alkitab sebagai Firman Allah merupakan sebuah kredo yang tak terbantahkan di dalam kekristenan.  Salah satu implikasi dari keyakinan tersebut adalah munculnya doktrin kecukupan Alkitab.  Alkitab dinyatakan cukup untuk mengajarkan manusia menuju kepada keselamatan dan ketaatan yang penuh kepada Allah.  Namun bagaimanakah kecukupan Alkitab ini didefinisikan dan diberikan batasan, sebab nampaknya tidak mungkin berteologi tanpa alat bantu apapun.  Salah satu alat bantu berteologi yang menarik perhatian penulis adalah tradisi gereja sebab seringkali dipertentangkan antara tradisi dan doktrin kecukupan Alkitab.  Akan tetapi benarkah keduanya harus dipertentangkan?  Tulisan ini menjawab pertanyaan harmonisasi doktrin kecukupan Alkitab dengan tradisi gereja.  Penulis berargumentasi bahwa doktrin kecukupan Alkitab tidak pernah meniadakan tradisi gereja.  Tradisi gereja yang mutlak harus dipakai di dalam berteologi secara Kristen adalah Rule of Faith, sebagai rangkuman dari iman kristiani yang sudah ada sejak gereja mula-mula.  Tradisi gereja lainnya perlu dievaluasi terlebih dahulu penggunaannya di dalam berteologi. Scripture as the Word of God is an undeniable creed in christianity.  One of many implication from this believe is the doctrine of the sufficiency of scripture.  Scripture deemed sufficient enough to teach man toward salvation and full obedience unto God.  Nevertheless how sufficiency of scripture is defined and confined, because it seems impossible to theologize without any supplements.  One of those supplements that interest me is church tradition because people tend to contrast church tradition and doctrine of the sufficiency of scripture.  However, shall two of them be contrasted?  This writings will answer harmonization between doctrine of sufficiency of scripture and church tradition.  I argue that doctrine of sufficiency of scripture never nulify church tradition.  The absolute church tradition that use in theologizing as a christian is Rule of Faith, as a summary of christian faith since early church.  Another church traditions need to be evaluated whenever they are used in theologizing.
Hermeneutika Peleburan Dua Horizon Anthony Thiselton dan Tantangan dari Antropologi Lintas Budaya
Authors: Mamahit Ferry Yefta
Published: October 2019

Masalah klasik dalam hermeneutika alkitabiah adalah bagaimana menjembatani kesenjangan antara teks Alkitab yang berkonteks budaya kuno dan pembacanya yang berkonteks budaya modern. Salah satu pendekatan yang diajukan untuk mengatasi persoalan tersebut adalah model peleburan horizon-horizon (the fusions of horizons), yang kemudian dikembangkan oleh Anthony Thiselton dengan peleburan dua horizonnya (the fusions of two horizons). Meski pendekatan hermeneutis yang dilakukan oleh Thiselton sangat komprehensif dan serius dalam menjembatani kesenjangan ini, pendekatan konteks berkultur tunggalnya (baca: budaya Barat) ini belum dapat menjawab tantangan dari antropologi lintas-budaya, khususnya kompleksitas konteks budaya pembaca modern yang berkarakter beragam, berlapis dan bersilang. Jadi, pendekatan ini perlu mempertimbangkan pendekatan hermeneutis yang lebih sensitif terhadap kompleksitas tersebut sebagai tambahan atau pelengkap pendekatan peleburan horizon-horizon (addenda hermeneutica). 

The classic problem in biblical hermeneutics is how to bridge the gap between the ancient cultural context of the biblical texts and the modern cultural context of the reader. One of the approaches proposed to deal with this issue is the model of the fusion of horizons that is later on developed by Anthony Thiselton with his fusions of two horizons. Albeit comprehensive and severe in bridging the gap, his mono-cultural (Western) approach to the context has not yet answered the challenge from cross-cultural anthropology, especially the complexity of the culture of the modern reader characterized by varied, multi-layered and cross-culturally. The approach thus needs to consider a hermeneutical approach that is more sensitive to that complexity as addition into or compliment to the fusions of horizons approach (addenda hermeneutica).
Korelasi Konsep Kerajaan Allah dan Pemuridan dalam Injil Matius bagi Pemuridan Masa Kini
Authors: Wisantoso Sandra
Published: October 2019

Di dalam gereja/persekutuan terjadi gejala banyak yang mengaku Kristen, tetapi sedikit yang mau dimuridkan. Namun, faktor penyebab utama masalah pemuridan di gereja justru berasal dari dalam Kekristenan sendiri. Ada dikotomi antara “menjadi orang percaya” dan “menjadi murid” yang mengakibatkan orang-orang Kristen tidak lagi menjadikan Kristus sebagai Tuhan dan Raja yang harus disembah dan ditinggikan di dalam seantero kehidupan mereka. Akibatnya, pemuridan hanya menjadi sekadar program yang mentradisi dan tidak lagi menolong orang percaya bertumbuh menjadi murid Kristus yang hidup serupa dengan-Nya. Solusi bagi permasalahan pemuridan ini terletak pada strategi pemuridan yang Yesus kerjakan, yaitu di dalam kerangka atau dimensi Kerajaan Allah. Kerajaan Allah dan Pemuridan merupakan dua topik besar dan signifikan di dalam Injil Matius. Korelasi antara konsep Kerajaan Allah dengan pemuridan dalam Injil Matius adalah pemuridan merupakan sebuah proses untuk membawa semua orang menjadi murid Yesus, yaitu warga Kerajaan Allah, yang tunduk di bawah pemerintahan Allah dan taat melakukan kehendak-Nya. Korelasi inilah yang dapat menjadi jawaban bagi permasalahan pemuridan yang terjadi di dalam gereja/persekutuan pada saat ini  In the church or fellowship there are symptoms of many people claiming to be Christians, but few want to be discipled. However, the main contributing factor to the problem of discipleship in the church comes from within Christianity itself. There is a dichotomy between “being a believer” and “being a disciple” that causes Christians to no longer make Christ as Lord and King who must be worshiped and exalted throughout their lives. As a result, discipleship only becomes program and tradition but no longer helps believers grow into disciples of Christ who live like Him. The solution to the problem of discipleship lies in the discipleship strategy that Jesus worked on, namely within the framework or dimensions of God’s Kingdom. The kingdom of God and discipleship are two big and significant topics in the Gospel of Matthew. The correlation between the concept of the kingdom of God and discipleship in the Gospel of Matthew is discipleship as a process to bring all people into disciples of Jesus, the citizens of the kingdom of God, who are subject to God’s rule and obedient to do His will. This correlation can be the answer to the problem of discipleship that is happening in the church or fellowship at this time.
RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS AND NONLINEAR PREDICTION IN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES
Authors: S. Raj Jennifer , Ananthi J Vijitha
Published: October 2019

The nonlinear regression estimation issues are solved by successful application of a novel neural network technique termed as support vector machines (SVMs). Evaluation of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can assist in pattern recognition of several real-time applications and reduce the pattern mismatch. This paper provides a robust prediction model for multiple applications. Traditionally, back-propagation algorithms were used for training RNN. This paper predict system reliability by applying SVM learning algorithm to RNN. Comparison of the proposed model is done with the existing systems for analysis of prediction performance. These results indicate that the performance of proposed system exceeds that of the existing ones.
A STOCHASTIC DEVELOPMENT OF CLOUD COMPUTING BASED TASK SCHEDULING ALGORITHM
Authors: V Karunakaran
Published: October 2019

Due to diversity of services with respect to technology and resources, it is challenging to choose virtual machines (VM) from various data centres with varied features like cost minimization, reduced energy consumption, optimal response time and so on in cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) environment. The solutions available in the market are exhaustive computationally and aggregates multiple objectives to procure single trade-off that affects the solution quality inversely. This paper describes a hybrid algorithm that facilitates VM selection for scheduling applications based on Gravitational Search and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (GSA and NSGA). The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation results.
ظاهرةُ الإجحافِ في الدَّرسِ الصَّرفيِّ والنَّحويِّ
مفهومًا وتطبيقًا
Authors: يونس محمد ذنون , يونس أحمد صالح
Published: October 2019

لـمَّا كان هذا البحث اللغويُّ منتميًا إلى دراسة ظاهرة اصطلاحية شاعت في الدرس اللغوي القديم، استوجب الأمر التوقف عند دراسة المصطلح الموضوع لهذه الظاهرة، بغية التعرّف على مفهومه الاصطلاحي ودلالته الصرفية والنحوية، ولكن قبل ذلك لا بدّ من معرفة دلالته اللغوية للوقوف على فهم دقيق للمصطلح ومعرفة العلاقات بين المعنى اللغوي والدلالة الاصطلاحية.
قراءة في تعريف علم البيان
Authors: الهروس سالم امحمد
Published: October 2019

قد دأبنا في دراسة البلاغة العربية بالمراحل الدراسية المختلفة بما فيها المرحلة الجامعية، على التلقي والتسليم، وهو ما اضطرنا إلى الاعتماد على الحفظ؛ إذ لم يكن يغرس فينا التأمل فيما ندرسه من الشواهد، أو تحليله، ناهيك عن المناقشة أو الحوار الذي يفضي إلى اتهامنا بالتعجيز.
بيد أنني -في ضوء تكرار المقررات الدراسية في البلاغة من خلال المذكرات الموسومة بــــ"المنهاج الواضح للبلاغة" التي ألفها الأستاذ حامد عوني للمرحلة الثانوية بالمعاهد الزهرية- كنت أشعر بالهوة بين تعريف علم البيان من حيث مفهومه النظري، وما يؤول إليه في طرح مباحثه تأصيلا وتفسيرا.
إن هذا الشعور كان وراء هذه القراءة التي تهدف إلى محاولة الإجابة عن الأسئلة التالية، أو -على الأقل- بث روح المراجعة الجادة فيما تطرحه من إشكاليات، وهي: هل اتفق البلاغيون على الطرح الذي اقترحه السكاكي "ت 626هـ" بحسب ما آل إليه عند الخطيب القزويني "ت 739هـ" في "تلخيص المفتاح"؟ وما مدى صحة أن يكون المعنى واحدا والطرق مختلفة؟ بمعنى هل يمكن أن تتناوب أساليب التشبيه، والاستعارة بأنواعها، والمجاز المرسل، والمجاز العقلي، والكناية بحرية تامة دونما نظر إلى السياقات الخاصة، أو الفروق بين الأساليب؟ ولتحقيق هذا الهدف رأيت أن أتناول الموضوع، عند البلاغيين القدامى: السكاكي "ت 626هـ" ومن بعده ضمن كتاب شروح التلخيص، ثم البلاغيين المحدثين ضمن كتابين: أحدهما: التعبير البياني، رؤية بلاغية نقدية للدكتور محمد شفيع السيد*، وثانيهما: البلاغة التطبيقية للدكتور محمد رمضان الجربي**، ثم أختم البحث بتعقيب على ما تناولته.
أخلاق الفرد عند أفلاطون من خلال فضائل النفس الإنسانية وفكرة الخير الأقصى
Authors: أبو شحمة مفتاح سليمان
Published: October 2019

بالرغم من أن أفلاطون قد بدأ محاورته الكبرى "الجمهورية" بالحديث عن أخلاق الدول ودساتيرها المتنوعة إلا أن السياسة عنده لم تكن إلا وسيلة لغاية أهم، وهي الوصول بالأخلاق الفردية إلى ما يريد لها من كمال، وذلك من خلال معرفة مفهوم فضائل النفس الإنسانية وفكرة الخير الأقصى.
إن هذا عند أفلاطون يتضح من خلال الوقوف على حقيقة قوى النفس الإنسانية وفضيلة كل منها، وذلك عن طريق وجود "العقل" الذي به يدرك الناس جوهر ومعنى السلوك العقلاني للقيم الأخلاقية، وتتحقق عندهم خصال الانسجام والنظام الذي به تتبلور فكرة الخير الأقصى، الذي هو غاية الفعل الأخلاقي المتمثلة في الزهد وإماتة الشهوات، والسعي وراء خلوص النفس إلى حياة المثل عن طريق التأمل الفلسفي الذي هو السبيل الوحيد لتحقيق ذلك.
إذن، على هذا النحو تشكل التصور الأفلاطوني لأخلاق الفرد، من خلال إيضاح مفهوم فضائل النفس الإنسانية وعلاقتها بفكرة الخير الأقصى، وهذا ما سنقوم بدراسته في هذا البحث وفق فرضية تداخل أقسام النفس الإنسانية وفضائلها الواردة في نظرية الوجود عند أفلاطون، وما مدى علاقتها بفكرة الخير الأقصى المتمثلة في البناء الفلسفي الأفلاطوني ككل ولاسيما نظرية الأخلاق.
وعلى أي حال، إن ما دفعنا لاختيار دراسة هذا الموضوع؛ هو محاولة لإظهار الترابط العلائقي الذي يتسم به الفكر الأفلاطوني في جُل مباحث الفلسفة، أعني: (الوجود والقيم والمعرفة). فمن هنا تكمن أهمية دراسة هذا الموضوع الذي اعتمدنا في دراسته وبحثه على استراتيجية معرفية، تقوم على المنهج: السردي التاريخي في العرض، والمنهج التحليلي النقدي المقارن في المعالجة، معتمدين فيها على أهم المصادر والمراجع المتعلقة بموضوع البحث، وبخاصة محاورات أفلاطون ذات العلاقة
PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM DISCOURSE
Authors: Albukbak Omar
Published: October 2019

This article examines the importance of discourse analysis in language classroom. At the outset it describes what the discourse analysis is and its implications. It then proceeds to show the reasons for the learners’ difficulties in developing communicative competence and what the teacher should do to get over this problem. This paper also identifies the difficulties the Libyan learners of English face in acquiring English required to communicate in different situations. Then it explains the theory of zone of proximal development and examines the scope of scaffolding which can lead learners to engage in discourse authentically. It also examines the importance of collaborative learning to develop the students’ language competence. An example of a classroom activity is also presented. The article ends with the conclusion that discourse analysis in language classroom will greatly aid in language teaching and learning. Key Words: Discourse analysis, scaffolding, zone of proximal development
BALANCED SCORECARD: FOKUS PADA PERSPEKTIF PELANGGAN
Authors: Machmuddah Zaky , Utomo St. Dwiarso , Setiawanta Yulita
Published: October 2019

The aim of the research is to find an empirical evidence concerning the implementation of customer perspective of Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in Assalaam Islamic Modern Boarding School Surakarta (AIMBS Surakarta). It is a case study research. Qualitative research design is conducted using semi-structured interviews with 27 members from different stakeholders. Research findings showed that customer perspective of BSC and attributes in strategy map of BSC have been implemented well in AIMBS Surakarta. Besides, the research found supporting factor of implementation of customer perspective of BSC in AIMBS Surakarta, namely: strong commitment from management to adjust the change. The limitation of the research is that the research findings can not be generalized. For future research, it is suggested that the researcher will add the numbers of research object so that the generalization of the research findings can be achieved. Thus, it will give clearer description about implementation of customers perpective of BSC in Islamic boarding schools
Écrire ou réécrire l’histoire de la Sorbonne ? Les filières historiographiques et leur genèse depuis le XVII e siècle
Authors: Amalou Thierry
Published: October 2019

Un écart saisissant existe entre l’historiographie contemporaine de la Sorbonne, héritière des préjugés des Lumières, et la vitalité réelle de cette institution universitaire au xvii e  siècle. Ainsi, la création de chaires royales sous les premiers Bourbons revigora les méthodes d’enseignement. Elle offrit une grande plasticité aux positionnements ecclésiologiques et doctrinaux. Elle motiva le désir d’écrire l’histoire de l’institution. Cette historiographie fut amplifiée tout au long du siècle par les bibliothécaires du collège de Sorbonne. Mais l’essentel de leur œuvre resta manuscrit car davantage au service d’un lieu de savoir qu’à l’édification du public. À l’inverse, l’histoire des institutions académiques concurrentes allait rencontrer un succès durable qui, par contraste, voua la Sorbonne à une légende noire.
Les clés de la réussite. Puissance institutionnelle et sélection des étudiants dans la Sorbonne du XVII e siècle
Authors: Noguès Boris
Published: October 2019

Alors que le collège de la Sorbonne du xvii e  siècle est surtout connu et étudié pour le rayonnement intellectuel de ses docteurs ou pour son architecture remarquable, l’article se propose de revenir sur sa nature première et parfois oubliée de communauté d’étudiants en cours de formation. En effet, celle-ci contribue peut-être tout autant à asseoir sa prééminence parisienne au xvii e  siècle, à travers le contrôle d’un réseau de grands collèges artiens et par l’existence en son sein d’une communauté très particulière d’étudiants en théologie. Si l’entrée dans cette communauté paraît sélective, les élus bénéficient ensuite de conditions d’études très favorables, qui expliquent certainement de forts taux de réussite à la licence et augurent de belles carrières dans l’Église. Sans surprise, cette identité de « la maison et société de Sorbonne » est revendiquée leur vie durant par les anciens.
Les théologiens de la Faculté de Paris (1600-1640) : des testateurs comme les autres ?
Authors: Poncet Olivier
Published: October 2019

L’examen des testaments de douze gradués de la Faculté de théologie au cours de la période 1600-1640 montre que l’habitus universitaire n’annule pas l’entretien d’un groupe familial ou social parfois très présent quand le patrimoine à laisser est important. Lorsque celui vient à manquer, les réflexes universitaires ou sociaux s’affirment avec plus de vigueur, traçant des lignes de piété et de sociabilité qui recoupent souvent l’investissement relatif des anciens gradués dans leur institution formatrice. L’université n’est pas toujours la seconde famille des théologiens, mais elle l’est assurément lorsque ceux-ci ont donné et donnent le meilleur de leur existence à la vie des collèges.
Edmond Richer, la Sorbonne et les métamorphoses du conciliarisme
Authors: Denis Philippe
Published: October 2019

La pensée conciliariste, qui avait semblé se pétrifier dans la France du xvi e  siècle, trouva une nouvelle vigueur à l’aube du xvii e  siècle grâce aux efforts d’Edmond Richer, le syndic de la Faculté de théologie de Paris de 1608 à 1612. Celui-ci assurait ne rien faire d’autre que de remettre en valeur l’ancienne doctrine de l’université de Paris. Il défendait la réputation de Gerson, injustement attaqué par le cardinal Bellarmin. Le théologien de Sorbonne André Duval affirmait au contraire que Richer trahissait l’École de Paris. L’examen des textes issus de cette polémique montre que, dans l’ensemble, Richer suivait Gerson mais qu’il durcissait ses positions et celles de ses successeurs en leur donnant une cohérence et une homogénéité qu’elles n’avaient pas. L’affaire constituait un enjeu important pour le magistère de la Sorbonne.
Qu’est-ce que le congruisme de Sorbonne ? Genèse d’une tentative française de voie moyenne dans la querelle catholique de la grâce au XVII e siècle
Authors: Hermann De Franceschi (D) Sylvio
Published: October 2019

Quand l’Augustinus de Jansénius est publié, le système théologique dominant en Sorbonne est un congruisme suarézien représenté par la triade tutélaire que forment Philippe de Gamaches, André Duval et Nicolas Ysambert. Avec le développement de l’antijansénisme apparaît un congruisme de Sorbonne original dont la première formulation se trouve chez Isaac Habert et Alphonse Le Moyne avant sa diffusion dans les manuels au temps de la Paix de l’Église. Congruisme qui rejette le système thomiste et qui soutient qu’à chacun, même au pécheur le plus endurci, a été conféré un secours suffisant ad orandum qui permet de réclamer la grâce d’action indispensable pour accomplir l’acte salutaire.
Du poète Antón de Montoro à l’hidalgo de la Manche Alonso Quijano
Authors: Parello Vincent
Published: October 2019

Cet article se propose d’analyser les duelos y quebrantos (œufs au lard) qui font partie du menu de l’hidalgo Alonso Quijano, à la lumière des livres de cuisine, des dictionnaires et des traductions d’époque. Par ailleurs, il s’agit de mettre en évidence le lien qui existe entre le héros du Don Quichotte de Cervantès et Antón de Montoro, alias «  el Ropero  », poète andalou du xv e siècle d’origine judéo-converse.
De l’état victimaire au discours de victimisation : Cartographie d’un territoire discursif
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick
Published: October 2019

La qualification de victime n’est pas neutre. Il faut, pour qu’un sujet relève du statut de victime, qu’un jugement soit porté par la personne ayant subi un dommage ou par un tiers ayant observé l’état de la personne en question. Ce jugement prend en considération deux choses : l’état de la personne ayant subi un dommage, la nature du processus qui a engendré ce dommage. On commence par étudier l’état de la personne considérée comme victime, qu’on appelle « état victimaire », puis la nature de ce processus, qu’on appelle « discours de victimisation ». Mais dans les deux cas, on a affaire à un rapport de subjectivité : le rapport que le sujet entretient vis-à-vis du dommage subi et de l’agression, c’est-à-dire son rapport à la souffrance. On est donc amené à rappeler la problématique de l’émotion dont dépend le jugement victimaire, comme combinaison entre affect et raison.
Auto-victimisation et discours politique : émotions, résonance culturelle et mobilisation dans la rhétorique de B. Netanyahou
Authors: Orkibi Eithan
Published: October 2019

Cette contribution explore la rhétorique d’auto-victimisation dans le discours politique. Si la « victimisation » est le processus par le biais duquel un individu ou un groupe sont culturellement construits ou socialement reconnus comme « victime », l’« auto-victimisation » est la pratique discursive par laquelle un orateur construit sa propre image ou identité de victime. S’appuyant sur un cadre théorique propre à l’approche interactionnelle des études de victimologie en sciences sociales, l’article examine trois dimensions constitutives du discours d’auto-victimisation d’un leader politique, en l’occurrence Benyamin Netanyahou, face aux accusations de corruption lancées contre lui : la mobilisation des émotions, les résonances culturelles et l’appel à l’identité collective. L’analyse montre que Netanyahou projette une image de victime de la persécution, tout en assimilant sa propre histoire au narratif constitutif de la droite israélienne, lequel repose sur une mémoire partagée et sur l’identité collective d’un camp politique qui se considère comme historiquement marginalisé et opprimé par la gauche. Ainsi, par l’auto-victimisation, Netanyahou se présente comme figure emblématique de la victimisation de la droite, si bien que l’appel à l’action pour soutenir Netanyahou devient un appel à défendre le camp politique tout entier. Les résultats de l’analyse mettent ainsi en évidence des pratiques caractéristiques du discours de victimisation dans un champ politique qui sont étroitement liées aux stratégies rhétoriques typiquement attribuées au discours populiste dans la politique contemporaine.
Un dispositif victimaire de combat : « La dernière lettre d’Anne Bert, euthanasiée lundi en Belgique »
Authors: Rabatel Alain
Published: October 2019

L’article part du constat que si la notion de victime est aujourd’hui positive, sa construction sociale tient compte du fait que les attitudes de victimisation et de recours systématique aux émotions d’apitoiement n’ont pas toujours bonne presse. Il dégage la structure actantielle des dispositifs victimaires, avant d’analyser la structure et la mise en discours particulière d’un dispositif victimaire de combat, dans la « dernière lettre » d’Anne Bert – dernière parce que la mort a clos ses nombreuses interventions médiatiques ou littéraires. L’auteure, atteinte de sclérose latérale amyotrophique, revendique, pour ceux qui sont dans la même situation qu’elle, le droit à l’euthanasie avec accompagnement médical, pour mettre fin à ses souffrances, en refusant tout auto-apitoiement et en choisissant des arguments différents selon leurs destinataires (ceux qui s’opposent à ses volontés, comme ceux qu’elle appelle à poursuivre son combat), au nom de l’intérêt général et de l’intérêt bien compris.
Including parents in inclusive practice: Supporting students with disabilities in higher education
Authors: Duma Princess T. , Shawa Lester B.
Published: October 2019

Background: While a number of research studies have endeavoured to understand students with disabilities’ experience in higher education and have recommended ways to effectively support student success, the role of parental support has been neglected. Many studies have been hampered by a limited understanding of students with disabilities and have, in particular, underestimated students’ ‘access to economic, social and cultural forms of capital’ that caring parents provide.Objectives: This article seeks to explore students with disabilities’ experiences of parental support in the South African higher education context. The research question guiding this article is: What forms of economic, social and cultural capital do parents and extended families provide to students with disabilities to enable them to succeed in higher education?Method: In-depth semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with 17 students with disabilities at two universities of technology. The interview transcripts were thematically analysed with a view to understanding Pierre Bourdieu’s forms of capital that parents provided.Results: The study found that while parents are not always able to provide material support, they offered rich and varied forms of social and cultural capital that enabled students with disabilities’ academic success.Conclusion: Given that parental support plays an important role in the success of students with disabilities, and this role changes as these students become more independent, this study recommends the need for universities to also pay more attention to involving parents in the education of the former. It is hoped that putting in place appropriate forms of parental involvement can create a conducive environment for universities to provide inclusive education holistically.
Community service nurses’ experiences regarding their clinical competence
Authors: Matlhaba Kholofelo L. , Pienaar Abel J. , Sehularo Leepile A.
Published: October 2019

Background: In South Africa, it is mandatory for nurses who have qualified as a nurse (general, psychiatric and community) and midwifery, leading to registration in Government Gazette Notice No. R425 of 22 February 1985, to perform 12 months’ compulsory community service after completion of training at a College of Nursing. Community service affords new graduate nurses the opportunity to improve their clinical skills and knowledge while nurturing professional behavioural patterns and critical thinking consistent with the profession.Aim: To explore and describe the experiences of community service nurses (CSNs) regarding clinical competence during their placement in three selected hospitals.Setting: The study setting was North West Province (NWP), South Africa.Method: This study followed a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design. A cluster sampling technique was used and 17 CSNs participated in the study. Three focus group discussions framed by semi-structured questions were conducted with five to six participants per group. All discussions were recorded using a digital voice recorder and transcribed. Data were analysed using Pienaar’s four steps of qualitative thematic analysis.Results: Four themes emerged from this study: facilitative experiences, defacilitative experiences, challenges confronted during placement and suggestions to improve clinical competence.Conclusion: Clinical competence of CSNs could be improved if all the stakeholders, including professional nurses and CSNs themselves, hospital management and the regulatory body, the South African Nursing Council, collaborate. More importantly, this study’s results were used to develop a clinical competence evaluation tool in the NWP, South Africa.
High physical activity is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals aged 15 years and older in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa
Published: October 2019

Background: Some research seems to suggest that physical activity (PA) was beneficial for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Aim: This study examined the association between levels of PA and PTSD among individuals 15 years and above in South Africa.Setting: Community-based survey sample representative of the national population in South Africa.Methods: In all, 15 201 individuals (mean age 36.9 years) responded to the cross-sectional South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1) in 2012.Results: One in five (20.1%) of participants reported exposure to at least one traumatic event in a lifetime, and 2.1% were classified as having a PTSD, 7.9% fulfilled PTSD re-experiencing criteria, 3.0% PTSD avoidance criteria and 4.3% PTSD hyperarousal criteria. Almost half (48.1%) of respondents had low PA, 17.4% moderate PA and 34.5% high PA. In logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, population group, employment status, residence status, number of trauma types, problem drinking, current tobacco use, sleep problems and depressive symptoms, high PA was associated with PTSD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–2.75), PTSD re-experiencing symptom criteria (OR = 1.43, CI = 1.09–1.86) and PTSD avoidance symptom criteria (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.18–2.59), but high PA was not associated with PTSD hyperarousal symptom criteria. In generalised structural equation modelling, total trauma events had a positive direct and indirect effect on PTSD mediated by high PA, and high PA had a positive indirect effect on PTSD, mediated by psychological distress and problem drinking.Conclusion: After controlling for relevant covariates, high PA was associated with increased PTSD symptomatology.
EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE DETECTION USING SATELLITE IMAGES (CASE STUDY: SARPOL-ZAHAB EARTHQUAKE)
Authors: Aali H. , Sharifi A. , Malian A.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. After the earthquake in Sarpol-e Zahab city, many people were killed or wounded and many buildings were destroyed. After such a destructive event, it is of great interest to efficiently identify the magnitude and the extent of the damaged areas. Remote sensing is an excellent technology for this purpose. Usually, a higher success rate can be achieved when both pre and post-event data, especially multi-view data, are used. Whereas when only post-event data are available, the detection is usually limited to the block level unless VHR images of a resolution of 0.5 m or higher are involved.The available dataset consists of one Pleiades-1 satellite optical image (post-event), two Sentinel-2 satellite images (pre&post event).After classification of the sentinel images(pre&post event) and preparation change maps by means of SVM and the neural network classification methods, two change maps will be provided. Then, A reference change map is prepared with ROIs. For this purpose, on the Pleiades-1 image (after the earthquake), ROIs in two categories “change” and “no change” are defined. In the last step, using the confusion matrix, two change maps from the Sentinel image are compared to the reference image, and the results are analyzed. The producer’s accuracy for detecting the collapsed buildings in the SVM classification method was found to be 78.34% and for the neural network classification was found to be 72.43%. The results show that the change map of the pre- and post-earthquake medium-resolution satellite images such as Sentinel-2 can reveal the collapsed buildings caused by the earthquake successfully.
USING REMOTE SENSING DATA TO CREATE MAPS OF VEGETATION AND RELIEF FOR NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF A LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
Authors: Artemeva O. V. , Zareie S. , Elhaei Y. , Pozdnyakova N. A. , Vasilev N. D.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The authors offer methods for mapping nature, in particular, vegetation and relief maps using remote sensing data. These thematic maps are most often used by administrators of different levels for environmental and territorial management. In the Russian Federation administrative territories occupied large areas. The algorithm for constructing visual models using remote sensing data for large administrative areas differs from the algorithms for working with small territories. Automated mapping method includes the analysis of the territory by indicators of topography and dominant vegetation, the selection of satellite images, processing, composing mosaics, composites, classification of plant objects, post-processing. The authors offer to use a specific data source, because the quality of the materials is sufficient for working with large areas. Classifications – the most complicated section. At the moment, scientists have not proposed an unambiguous solution to the choice of algorithm. However, the authors of this study experimentally came to the most convenient algorithm, which we characterize as the main one precisely for the purposes of managing natural resources of large administrative structures (regions with legally fixed boundaries). Examples of the thematic maps fragments and results of intermediate versions of visual models built by automated methods are given. The potential use of methods by municipal employees, rather than narrow specialists, was taken into account. In this regard, the value of the study is an exclusively applied nature and can be used in the administrative structures of the executive authorities.
URBAN IMPERVIOUS SURFACE DETECTION WITH LANDSAT AND FULL POLARIMETRIC ALOS/PALSAR IMAGES
Authors: Attarchi S. , Rahnama M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Impervious surface detection in urban area is of great importance because impervious surfaces have been recognized as an urbanization index. In other words, an increase of impervious surface extent accounts for urban sprawl. Remote sensing images in optical wavelength proved to be beneficial for urban impervious surfaces detection and mapping. However, the use of optical images is limited in cloud-prone regions. Also, there are some complexities which make it challenging to impervious surface detection especially in urban areas. In recent years, in the light of increasing availability of SAR data, the use of SAR data for urban impervious surface detection is increased as well. In this study the efficiency of full polarimetric L-band images was compared to Landsat images. Furthermore, the role of SAR’ texture features was assessed. Results show that the classification accuracy of SAR images cannot overcome the Landsat’s classification accuracy. However, SAR texture features provide positive contribution in impervious surface detection in homogeneous urban region.