bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Misjologia jako nauka teologiczna i interdyscyplinarna
Authors: Szyszka Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Po założeniu w Niemczech pierwszych katedr misjologii (protestanckiej i katolickiej) nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój misjologii w Europie, zaś w drugiej połowie XX wieku powołano kilka akademickich ośrodków misjologicznych w Ameryce, Azji, Afryce i Oceanii. Misjologowie z pierwszej połowy XX wieku zdołali wykazać, że misjologia jest nauką teologiczną oraz interdyscyplinarną, podkreślając, że istotą misjologii nie jest jej część odnosząca się do historii oraz bezpośredniej praktyki misyjnej, ale teologia misji, tj. teologiczne uzasadnienie działalności misyjnej Kościoła. Ten właśnie nurt refleksji misjologicznej został wyeksponowany w nauczaniu Soboru Watykańskiego II oraz w licznych dokumentach papieskich okresu posoborowego. Nauczanie o misyjnej naturze Kościoła stało się przedmiotem naukowej i interdyscyplinarnej refleksji misjologicznej. Powszechne uznanie tego stanu rzeczy oraz zaakceptowanie misjologii jako nauki teologicznej, niestety, nie znajduje jeszcze pełnego zrozumienia.
Teologia fundamentalna wobec naukowości teologii
Authors: Dola Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu Teologia fundamentalna wobec naukowości teologii jest ukazanie wkładu teologii fundamentalnej w badania metateologiczne. Do zasadniczych rozważań wprowadza krótkie przedstawienie głównych etapów rozwoju teorii teologii. Pozwala ono wskazać, w którym momencie w dociekania metateologiczne włącza się teologia fundamentalna i jaki stan badań zastaje. Udział teologii fundamentalnej w tych dociekaniach zostaje zaprezentowany w dwóch punktach: badania teologicznofundamentalne w obszarze ogólnej teorii teologii oraz w obszarze teorii teologii fundamentalnej. Zarówno w jednej, jak i w drugiej dziedzinie teologia fundamentalna posiada sporo publikacji i znaczące osiągnięcia merytoryczne. Wynika to z pewnością z faktu, że wielu teologów fundamentalnych zalicza metateologię do ważnych przedmiotów swoich badań, uznając, że teologia fundamentalna bardziej niż inne dyscypliny teologiczne predestynowana jest do prowadzenia tego typu dociekań.
Teodoret z Cyru wobec kultu pogańskiego w świetle dzieła "Leczenie chorób hellenizmu"
Authors: Piechocka-Kłos Maria
Published: December 2022

W niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono szczegółową analizę dzieła Teodoreta z Cyru, teologa i egzegety greckiego z V w. pt. Leczenie chorób hellemnizmu w odniesieniu do fragmentów przedstawiających kwestię kultu pogańskiego, a konkretnie jego stanowiska względem niego. Antiocheńczyk doskonale rozumie, że literatura, kultura i filozofia są miejscem spotkania chrześcijaństwa z hellenizmem, dlatego wprost nie odrzuca całego dorobku kultury greckiej, ponieważ wierzy, że próba pojednania chrześcijaństwa z hellenizmem jest możliwa, jednak bez udziału kultu pogańskiego. Wyższość nad hellenizmem należy przyznać bez wątpienia chrześcijaństwu. Autor apologii proponuje poganom lekarstwo, aby wyleczyli się z choroby zarozumiałości.  Teodoret z Cyru potępił m.in. sekretne praktyki i kłanianie się rzeźbom (III, 84; III 85), odrzucił krwawe i bezbożne ofiary (VII, 3; VII, 10; VII 22; VII, 24), przestrzegł, aby nie mylić kultu męczenników z ofiarami błagalnymi dla zmarłych za pomyślność żyjących (VIII, 33; VIII 34) oraz krytycznie odniósł się do wyroczni greckich (X, 2-3; X, 9). W celu pełniejszego ukazania przywołanego w temacie zagadnienia, omówiono również kontekst historyczno-społeczny analizowanej apologii oraz okoliczności kształtowania się rozumu i duchowości samego autora.
Natural Sciences and/in Moral Theology: The Case of Free Will
Authors: Jarmużewski Mateusz
Published: December 2022

The issue of free will, supporting moral responsibility in various accounts of Catholic moral theology, is in a particular way situated at the crossroads of theological and non-theological disciplines. Because of its connection to philosophy, as well as to natural and empirical sciences, the topic enjoys growing interdisciplinary attention. Early studies in cognitive neuroscience of volition, inspired by the experiment of Libet (1983), suggest that free will is an illusion because our conscious intentions do not cause corresponding actions: these are initiated earlier by the unconscious brain processes. While this seems to conflict with fundamental anthropological and ethical assumptions, a closer look renders such a worry immature. The more traditional, pre-modern notion of what willing, intending and choosing actually means – and how does it relate to us having free will or not – proves largely intact by the Libet-style argumentation. At the same time, new developments within a multidisciplinary science of volition highlight several aspects of freedom and agency that could be central to the way humans produce actions and control their lives. Implications from these studies might provoke some reformulations on the side of theological ethics. They might also set forth some particular schools and traditions, such as Christian virtue ethics, as theologically preferable. All this on the condition that a kind of knowledge coming from natural sciences – which often already contains a measure of (theological) interpretation– can be seen as both relevant and integrable in theological methodology and insight. Anthropological and ethical realms strike as particularly suitable for such integration: the essential embodiment of personal agency definitely deserves more attention, also for clarifying its free and indeed moral predicate.
Secularization, Models of the Church, and Spirituality
Authors: Patsch Ferenc
Published: December 2022

This paper has an ambitious aim: to predict the future of the Church. How can anyone undertake such an enterprise since the one thing we know for certain about history is omnia aliter, that is, everything will be different than we once imagined. However, such a project is not as unfeasible as it seems. In the footsteps of literary critics, economists, historians, political scientists, philosophers, and theologians, we sketch some of the most likely shifts in the light of already-observable trends using the finest hermeneutics available. First, we interpret the most significant global trend today: secularization (sections 1). Second, we present and evaluate current models for the future of the Church, paying particular attention to the Magisterium of Pope Francis (sections 2). Finally, we predict likely developments in the area of spirituality (sections 3). In setting out to write academically about futuristic topics, we are aware that one looks to the future not so much to predict it accurately, as to shape it.
Contributo della linguistica alla teologia
Authors: Sambor Pawel
Published: December 2022

Artykuł omawia wkład lingwistyki w teologię, biorąc pod uwagę konkretny przykład myśli L.-M. Chauvet. Najpierw analizowana jest krytyka języka jako narzędzia. Według L.-M. Chauvet język nie może już być traktowany jako narzędzie, ale jako mediacja, rozumiana jako „matryca” lub środowisko (milieu). Mediacja językowa jest więc wyjaśniana z perspektywy koncepcji symbolu i porządku symbolicznego: podmiotowość człowieka jest nierozerwalnie związana z językiem, a ten posiada strukturę symboliczną. Refleksja teologiczna podąża za koncepcją mediacji i symbolu jako ważnym faktem antropologicznym. Wiara polega zatem na odrzuceniu iluzji bezpośredniego kontaktu z Bogiem i przyjęciu pośrednictwa Kościoła i sakramentów jako procesu "przyjmowania siebie" jako dzieci Bożych i przyjmowania siebie nawzajem w Chrystusie jako braci.
Współczesne reminiscencje trzynastowiecznego sporu o rozumienie teologii jako nauki (scientia) oraz rozwiązania zaproponowanego przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu
Authors: Pyda Janusz
Published: December 2022

Artykuł stanowi próbę przedstawienia kontekstu i istoty sporu o rozumienie teologii jako nauki (scientia) w sensie arystotelesowskim, który toczył się na trzynastowiecznych uniwersytetach. Celem tekstu jest również wskazanie wybranych wątków omawianego sporu, które wydają się obecne również w dzisiejszej debacie metateologicznej i kulturowej. Ostatecznie artykuł prezentuje krótkie przedstawienie głównych wątków rozwiązania sporu o naukowość teologii zaproponowanego przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Propozycja metateologiczna Akwinaty prezentowane jest ze względu na swoją kompletność i spójność zarazem oraz inspirujący również dziś charakter.
Wstęp
Authors: Pawlina Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

Wstęp
Using WhatsApp Group & Google Meet during Online Class, Why Not?
Authors: Hidayati Diyah Nur , Lina Marisa Fran
Published: December 2022

Due to this current outbreak of Covid-19, the process of teaching and learning is now completely held online. For students, every teacher/lecturer must find the appropriate learning platform. Consequently, this article examines the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the college students’ perception in 2 English classes in Salatiga (an Islamic university) and Solo (a private university) during online learning. Researchers would respond to theories and facts emerging in the field, as well as answer problems that have not been solved in previous research. This type of research was descriptive qualitative. The data was collected using Google forms. Then, inductive analysis was used to test the data. The findings show that, despite the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on online English classes, such as unstable signal problems and the need to be constantly in front of gadgets, students can understand the material. They also have a good time in online English classes because the lecturers in WhatsApp Groups (WAG) include games, puzzles, quizzes, and other interesting activities to keep them entertained during online classes. They can also learn the correct pronunciation by using WhatsApp Voice Note and Google Meet. During online learning, both lecturers and students face numerous challenges. They also suggested being creative in class and livening up the atmosphere, despite the fact that it was held online due to a massive pandemic.
SITAMPAN: Mobile application for planting and harvesting of horticultural crops in Garut Regency
Authors:   Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Soegoto Eddy Soeryanto , Warlina Lia ,   Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Supatmi Sri ,   Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Rafdhi Agis Abhi ,   Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Jumansyah Rizky ,   Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Saputra Herry ,   Universitas Komputer Indonesia
Published: December 2022

Garut Regency’s agriculture sector has the most impact on the region’s GDP compared to other sectors. The Central Statistics Agency reports that the agricultural sector’s contribution was 39.11% in 2014 and will be 37.97% in 2020. The farmer’s inability to manage their crop goods is the primary cause of the contribution decline. The study aims to build a prototype of a mobile application information system for planting and harvesting. commodities based on a geospatial information system. The research method used was field surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions (FGD) with farmers, farmer group leaders, agricultural extension workers, and officials at Garut Regency Agriculture Office. The designed application is Sitampan which stands for Sistem Informasi Tanam dan Panen (Planting and Harvesting Information System). The users of this application are farmers, farmer group leaders, agricultural extension workers, and Garut Regency Agriculture Office. Each user will have a specific role and access based on their roles. The public can only see the data contained in this application. In conclusion, this app can serve as a platform for information and communication for farmers. Farmers can use this app as a decision-making tool to manage their crops, including when to sell, plant, and harvest. Hopefully, this application will enhance the welfare of farmers, particularly those in Garut district, one of the industries that have the most impact on the Indonesian agricultural sector.
Chapter XIV: The Organization of Attention
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

We have considered the interplay and some of the units of interaction which may occur within it once accredited participation has been established. Let us now return to consider some of the structural characteristics of interplay as such.

It has been suggested that an interplay characteristically involves a focussing of the attention of the listeners upon the speaker. The initiation and maintenance of this organized attention, the transfer of it from one speaker to another, and its final dissolution all involve problems in attention management.
Chapter XIII: Polite Interchanges
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In Dixon, as apparently in other Bergand communities, there are many occasions when persons make a special effort to show respect and concern for each other. If a person become sick, neighbors offer to help out, and all the adult members of the community will make a point of asking anyone who might know about the current status of the sick person. When a person of any age has a birthday, the occasion will usually be marked by a party held for upwards of fifteen people; the immediate family, favorite relations and neighbors, and close friends. Invited persons all show their regard by bringing gifts. When a couple marries, a hundred or more persons will usually attend the wedding party held in the community hall, and many gifts will be given. When someone dies, males who are immediate neighbors, friends, and close relations will accompany the body to the burial ground. There are many other ceremonies of a similar kind. The islanders account for the ceremonial concern they show to one another by saying by saying that nothing much happens on the island so that persons are forced to turn to themselves as topics of conversation and as excuses to congregate. In any case, the ceremony seem to confirm a change in status of one or a few of the community’s members, or to reaffirm community support of a member who is injured.
Chapter IV: Expressive Behavior
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

Whenever an individual acts in any way, we can assume that something about him is conveyed, even if it is only the fact that he did not act in a given way. In the style of the act, in the manner in which the act is performed, in the relation of the act to the context in which it occurs—in all these ways something about the actor is presented in the character of his act. The tendency for the character of the actor to overflow into the character of his acts is usually called the expressive aspect of behavior.

Behavior which is not expressive may be called instrumental. Instrumental behavior consists of activity which is officially of no value in itself but only of value in so far as it serves as a means to another end. Linguistic communication is a type of instrumental behavior and is officially valued only because it can serve as a means of conveying information. It must be clearly understood that expressive behavior is not a form of instrumental behavior; it is not intended as an admitted means to the end of transmitting information, or, in fact, as a means to any other end. Expressive behavior is not, primarily, rational behavior that can find a place in a voluntaristic means-ends scheme; rather, it is part of the behavioral impulse associated with any act.
Chapter VIII: Introduction
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

At this point it seems proper to provide a more systematic statement of some of the assumptions and definitions which underlie some of the terms and usages appearing in the first three parts. At the same time it is also necessary to provide some very elementary definitions as a background for what is to follow.

A body of information that is transferred from one place to another is commonly called a message. A message involves a configuration of signs and the transmission of physical carriers, or what have come to be called vehicles, of these signs. We usually think of vehicles as issuing from a sign-source, and we think of vehicles as being impelled form a source with a sign-impulse of given force or intensity, and as being impelled in a particular direction. The process of impulsion is usually called transmission, and arrangement of vehicles for the purpose of transmission is usually called encoding. A physical field in which vehicles of a given kind can be transmitted may be called a medium. We usually think of a medium in reference to the particular type of equipment—human and non-human—which must be employed if the signs transmitted in the medium are to be received. The source of sign-impulse may be called a transmitter and the agency which receives the signs a receiver. It is to be noted that the terms so far defined pertain to the physical aspects of communication, not to the social setting in which communication occurs.
Chapter XXII: On Projected Selves
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

Throughout this study it has been suggested that when islanders participate together in an interplay, countless events become available for aptly expressing the attitudes of the participants, especially the attitudes they have towards themselves and towards fellow-participants. With every word and gesture, a participant can convey his conception of himself and his conception of the others present, and every one of his words and gestures may be taken by others as an expression of these conceptions. The individual may, of course, attempt to conceal this expression or actually may not (even unconsciously) make use of opportunities for it, but in any case the others will assume that his behavior expresses his valuation of himself and them. It will therefore be advisable for the individual to take account of the possible interpretations that might be placed upon his behavior, regardless of which, if any, interpretation he thinks is correct.

When persons come together for purposes of interplay, each brings expectations as to the rights and obligations he will enjoy, and, by implication, a conception of himself which he expects the interplay will sustain. He also brings a familiarity with the treatment that ought to be accorded certain categories of persons and sufficient familiarity with symbols of status to hurriedly place those he meets into such social categories. And if the participants happen to know, or know of, one another, then, as Bales suggests, each participant may become, for the others, someone whose “… past actions and identity are remembered, including what he ‘has done’ prior to his entrance into the group and what he ’is’ outside the present in-group, and are attributed to him in the present as a part of his total significance.” In other words, each participant brings to the interplay a preliminary state of social information.
Chapter XI: Expression During Interplay
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In an earlier part of this study, it was suggested that communication, seen as a physical process, provides many events that are well adapted to serve as expressions, witting or unwitting, especially expressions of the evaluative judgment that participants make of one another. As one type of communication arrangement, an interplay provides many vehicles for carrying information about the judgments participants make of one another. Of course, an event which is well designed to express such evaluations may not come to act in this way, and an event which does come to be expressive in this way may not be employed by anyone as a source of information. Furthermore, a vehicle which commonly carries information of one kind in one culture may carry a different meaning in another culture. In this chapter some of the frequent sources of expression in interplay will be considered.
The Cradle: Introduction to the mediastudies.press edition
Authors: Winkin Yves
Published: December 2022

Erving Goffman’s dissertation is the Rosetta stone for his entire work, which, as time goes by, appears to be more and more groundbreaking. Why was Communication Conduct in an Island Community not published earlier? Why did commentators not exploit it more systematically? Why did Goffman himself not try to have it published? All those questions are unanswerable today. But here is the gem. Not much of a frame is needed to appreciate it—only the circumstances of Goffman’s fieldwork in the Shetlands, and then some highlighting. When Goffman defended his dissertation in the early summer of 1953, his committee members were none too pleased, according to legend. Seventy years later, the piece appears luminous, extraordinarily mature, as if Goffman were already a fully professional sociologist from day one.
Chapter IX: Social Occasion
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In Dixon, as, apparently, elsewhere in English-speaking society, the term “social occasion” is often given to events such as a whist-social, a picnic, a public political meeting, etc. When we examine events of this kind, we can isolate a set of common characteristics:
Chapter XII: Interchange of Messages
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In terms of the framework of this study, the minimal concrete unit of communication consists of the sign behavior of a sender during the whole period of time through which a focus of attention is continually directed at him. This unit of communication may be called a “natural message,” or, where no confusion is likely, simply a “message.” Short messages such as words or single sentences apparently have distinctive phonetic features; long messages, such as an uninterrupted thirty-minute talk, seem less neatly describable in phonetic terms. A single natural message may, of course, involve different pieces of information, but these differences are not relevant in terms of this study.
Chapter I: Dixon
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

More than a hundred miles off the coast of Britain there is a cluster of islands containing about twenty thousand inhabitants. These persons are supported by a poor economy of small-scale sheep farming and fishing. Less than ten per cent of the five hundred square miles of land on the islands is under cultivation, and, except for home-knitting for a luxury market, almost nothing is manufactured. Until recently, the population had been declining very rapidly. The policy of the national government, for various reasons, has been a protective one, helping to maintain British standards of living by means of agricultural subsidies, statutes governing the rental price of small holdings, and an extremely high per capita payment to the islands for upkeep of required social services.

The persons who live on the islands are drawn together by a distinctive dialect, a rich cultural heritage, and what amounts to a thousand years of shared historical identity and development. The name for the cluster of islands—let us call it Bergand—is the name that an inhabitant of any one of the particular islands in the cluster is likely to identity himself by. Bergand has been under British rule for only three centuries. Until the last war, respectable Englishmen thought of Bergand as a source of seamen and servants, and the islands enjoyed—along with many other clusters of people in Britain—the status of a subordinate minority group. These factors making for distinctiveness are, of course, reinforced by the natural barrier of water between the mainland of Britain and the islands. In many ways, then, Berganders form a society unto themselves.
Chapter X: Accredited Participation and Interplay
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

When two or more persons are engaged in linguistic communication with one another, in Dixon and apparently elsewhere in Western society, there is a tendency for each participant to extend to himself and to all other participants the like privilege of “accredited” attendance. Briefly, each person not only participates in the interaction but does so, and is allowed to do so, with legitimacy; his manner conveys that he is openly and admittedly involved in the conversation and that his presence in the conversation is a proper and justifiable thing.

Accredited or legitimated attendance may be thought of as a kind of status. It is perhaps one of the broadest of statuses; persons of extremely discrepant social position can find themselves in a situation where it is fitting to impute it to one another. The status carries the right and the obligation to receive the message at hand, and the status implies the judgment that the participant is worthy and capable of receiving the message. It should be noted that incumbents of the status are obliged to be engaged at that very moment in exercising their status and that the status does not carry over from one period when it is being exercised to another period, as, for example, in the case of occupational statuses. There is no interspersing of times during which the status is exercised with times during which it is latent.
Introduction
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

This is a report on a study of conversational interaction. It is based on twelve months of field work carried on between December, 1949, and May, 1951, in a small community in Great Britain. The community is located on a small island, one in an isolated group of islands that supports a subsistence rural economy.

The aim of the research was to isolate and record recurrent practices of what is usually called face-to-face interaction. The research was not designed to determine thoroughly or precisely the history of any interaction practice, the frequency and place of its occurrence, the social function which it performed, or even the range of persons among whom it occurred. The project was concerned with a more elementary question, namely, the kinds of types of practices which occurred.
Chapter II: Social Order and Social Interaction
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In the study of social life, it is common to take as a basic model the concept of social order and to analyze concrete behavior by focusing on the ways in which it conforms to and deviates from this model. In the present study, I assume that conversational interactions between concrete persons who are in each other’s immediate presence is a species of social order and can be studied by applying the model of social order to it. The applicability of this model to conversational interaction is suggested below. In this and in other chapters dealing with the conceptual framework, conversation in Western society is assumes as the data for which the framework is to be relevant.
Chapter V: The Management of Information About Oneself
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In social life, an actor commonly finds that very basic ends, of both an ultimate and intermediate kind, are furthered by gathering information about those with whom he interacts, es­pecially information about the conceptions that these persons have of themselves and of him. With information about others, the actor can predict in general their likely behavior, and pre­pare for it. With information or this kind, he can determine how best to shape his own behavior in order to call forth a desired action from others. (The exploitation of the indicated likely response of others to his own behavior is required, of course, whether the actor wishes to please or to displease the others.) With information of this kind, the actor can learn what is expected of him and “where he stands” with respect to the others, helping thus to determine for himself who and what he is. We find, then, a whole complex of ends, any one or more of which may motivate the actor to the same kind of activity, i.e., an effort to find out as much as possible about the persons with whom he interacts.
Chapter III: Linguistic Behavior
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

In common sense usage, the term “communication” seems to be used chiefly to refer to the transmission of information by means of configurations of language signs, either spoken or written. This kind of sign behavior has certain general characteristics:
Chapter XXIII: The Management of Projected Selves
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

During interplay, events may occur which make it difficult for participants to accept in an unthinking way the self projected by someone among them, or to continue to accept a projected self which they had initially accepted in this way. On such occasions dysphoria is likely to occur. The conscious realization that a projected self has not been or is no longer spontaneously accepted—whether this realization comes to the person whose projected self is not accepted or to the others—is likely to heighten the dysphoria.

During interplay in Dixon, individuals exercise tact or social strategies in order to maintain interactional euphoria. Some of these strategies are preventive, serving to avoid threats to the interplay; some are corrective, serving to compensate for dangers that have not been successfully avoided. These strategies may be employed by the individual causing the disturbance (if, in fact, it is felt that some one person in particular is at fault) or by individuals for whom such a disturbance is caused. When these strategies are successfully employed, social harmony in the interactional order is maintained or restored. Of course, a person who acts in such a way as to contribute to the euphoria in an interplay may act from many different motives and intentions. Some typical strategies are reviewed here, illustrations being provided for a few of them.
Chapter XV: Safe Supplies
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

When an individual enters the perceptual range of others, a kind of responsibility is placed upon him. Normally he must assume that his behavior will be observed and that it will be interpreted as an expression of the attitude he has toward those who observe him. In the realm of undirected communication, this implies that he will be expected to behave in a decorous manner, giving appropriate consideration to the presence of others. The requirements of decorous behavior, in our society and in others, will not be considered here. In the realm of directed communication—for example, conversation—the individual must assume that both his messages and his behavior as a recipient will be expected to contribute to the maintenance of the working acceptance.

Once individuals have extended accredited participant status to one another and have plunged into conversation, then it is necessary to sustain a continuous flow of messages until an inoffensive occasion presents itself for terminating the interplay. It appears that some persons can be so distantly related to one another that very little pretext may be needed to break off conversation and relapse into silence, and that some persons can be so intimately related to one another that on many occasions they can assume that no offense will be given when conversation lapses. It also seems that a wide range of social distance and of situations exists between these two extremes where a fairly good excuse is needed before conversation can safely lapse.
Chapter VII: Sign Situations
Authors: Goffman Erving
Published: December 2022

When persons are in each other’s immediate presence, and especially when they are engaged together in conversational interaction, important informational conditions obtain. Each participant is in a position to convey information about himself both linguistically and expressively, especially information having to do with his conception of himself and his conception of the others present. An embarrassingly rich context of events is available to serve as vehicles for signs of this kind; some of these events are simultaneously part of the task organization in which the persons find themselves, while some of these events serve no explicitly recognized task.

When persons are in each other’s presence in a given situation, a definition usually prevails as to how each is to be treated. This definition of the situation is made possible by the fact that each participant possesses known determinants or qualifications which select out for others which of the different possible categories of treatment is to be accorded him. A corollary of this definitional process is that all qualifications which a person possesses which act as selective determinants of treatment in other situations but which are officially denied as irrelevant in the current situation must be ignored. The information which these irrelevant determinants or social characteristics carry may be received, but there is an obligation on the part of the recipient to act as if the information is in no way a determinant or a selector of behavior. This involves, on the part of recipients, suppression of response to information. Further, persons must not bring forth such irrelevant determinants as are not already apparent.
Investigations of Welding Parameters Impacts on Mechanical & Corrosion Behavior of Steel Welds
Authors: Varouqa Dr.Ibrahim Farouq , Rawashdeh Dr. Dr.Taiseer , Omari Eng. Sora , AL-Ghananeem Eng. Sajeda
Published: December 2022

Now days while the welded product of duplex stainless steels (DSS) is to be used for Cl- containing environment & sour service applications for example petrochemical, off-shore platforms, oil, gas, paper & pulp industries etc. The resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (CSCC) during service application has always been a threat for the manufacturer & the end user of the product. Resistance regards SCC under chloride existing environment based on current ferrite content under carefully welded duplex (ferrite-austenitic) stainless steel framework. DSS ferrite specifications required by various organizations are 30 to 60%, 30 to 70 Ferrite Number, 35 to 75%, etc. In this study, DSS 2205 material all weld metal consumable test coupons within ferrite content range 14% to 30% or 20 FN to 40 FN have been prepared & investigated. Investigations have shown that yield strength & tensile strength needs regards base metal & filler metal classifications was higher at every ferrite levels observations & no SCC cracking analysed after 1000 hours exposure at ferrite level below 15%.
Performance Improvements Using Deep Learning Based Object-Identification
Authors: Abdulrahman Ahmed Shouket , Desa Hazry , T. Hussain Abadal-Salam
Published: December 2022

Deep Learning incorporates numerous hidden layers and more rooted combinations that average Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), to produce more refined and better performing autonomy in learning algorithms. An incredible volume of literature details and improves upon Deep Learning related methods and their improvement through the years as well as their suitability in uses. Nevertheless, the primary focus of the literature review is not the enlistment of these techniques hence a concise overview will be provided over the mechanisms before delving into the intended applications
Dynamics of waqf in the city of Langsa (Case Study of Understanding Religious Figures)
Authors: Fatah Fatahillah , Anwar Puteh
Published: December 2022

Purpose – to reveal and explain the dynamics of waqf in Langsa City starting from waqf regulation, public understanding, and understanding of Langsa City religious leaders.

Method – This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach with primary and secondary data. Data collection methods used by observation, interviews, and documentation. This study can find that the community and religious leaders in Langsa City use the Syafi'i school of jurisprudence in the legal basis, including waqf.

Research Results - The results of this study related to the polemic of understanding religious leaders in Langsa City is because Aceh has its own fatwa institution not under the central MUI institution and Aceh's MPU so far has not issued a fatwa related to whether or not the practice of cash waqf is allowed. In this case, the researcher sees that if the Aceh MPU issues a regulation or fatwa regarding the permissible practice of cash waqf, then the harmony of understanding of religious leaders in Aceh, especially Langsa City will be reconciled over time.

Practical Implications – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference by the government, especially waqf organizations.
The Impact of minimum wage, gross religional domestic product, inflation and education level on labor absorption in East Java province 2011-2020
Authors: Maksum Maksum , Khovifa Khovifa Lindarsi Farawangsa
Published: December 2022

The population growth in Indonesia is getting faster and faster as well as the population growth in East Java Province. The total population of East Java Province is the second largest in Indonesia after West Java Province. Data on the population growth rate of East Java Province in percentage from 2010 to 2020 reached 0.79%. However, the large rate of population growth in East Java Province has not been matched by a large number of labor absorbed in various economic sectors. This research is aimed to analyze the factors influencing minimum wage, gross regional domestic product, inflation, and education level on labor absorption in East Java from 2011-2020 in the period of 10 years.

This research is used quantitative research with a descriptive method. The decision-making sample in this research used purposive sampling, it got 7 regencies/cities for this research sample. The source of data is taken generally from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). This study used the panel data regression analytical method of secondary data and the data selected for the fixed effect model, the software used in this research is Eviews 9.

The result showed as a simultaneous test, it is found that minimum wage, gross regional domestic product, inflation, and education level have a significant effect on labor absorption. As a partial test minimum wage and inflation have no significant effect on labor absorption, but gross regional domestic product and the education level variable has a significant effect on labor absorption. The value of coefficient determination (R2) in this research in the amount of 99,86% can be concluded on the dependent variable labor absorption. Meanwhile, 0,14% can be concluded by another variable.
Baitul Mal's social assistance effectiveness on community welfare in Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Sari Juli dwina , Rahayu Sri
Published: December 2022

Objectives  –  This study aims to see the effectiveness of Baitul Mal social assistance in improving the welfare of muzakki in Aceh Tamiang as well as the criteria needed to be considered in determining which community fit to receive Baitul Mal social assistance in Aceh Tamiang.

Methods – The research method used is descriptive qualitative.

Findings – a) The criteria for the Baitul Mal’s social assistance recipients focus on only on three aspects, namely 1) compensation for fakir with severe disabilities (handicaps), compensation for the poor elderly, assistance for supporting the aqidah (cost of living) called Sehati Seaqidah Senif Muallaf program, and assistance for the poor with severe disabilities. 2) The effectiveness of social assistance program provided by Baitul Mal on the community welfare in Aceh Tamiang is complied to the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) which addresses the social assistance distribution to the community. 3) in terms of  determining the muzakki who are entitled to receive social assistance, Baitul Mal seek for an assistance from the village in regards to the data collection of muzzaki which meets to the criteria determined beforehand.

Limitation – the minimum data available related to the utilization of social assistance that have been distributed to the muzzaki

Practical Implication –  The results of this study can be used as a reference for the government, especially zakat institutions in comprehending the level of effectiveness of Baitul Mal's social assistance on the welfare of the community.
The Effect Of Service and Trust on Muzakki satisfaction at Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang Regency
Authors: Deni Deni Riani , Lili Apriliani
Published: December 2022

Purpose – This study aims to determine whether service and trust affect the satisfaction of muzakki at Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang Regency, either partially or simultaneously.

Method – In this study, the data used are primary and secondary data using questionnaire, interview, and observation methods. The technique used for sampling in this study is purposive sampling, which is done by taking people who are properly selected by the researcher according to the specific characteristics possessed by the sample. Based on the random conducted, the researchers took a sample in Kuala Simpang District. Then the data analysis techniques used in this research are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and multiple regression analysis.

Research Results - The results of this study obtained the effect of service on muzakki satisfaction at Baitul Mal showing a t value of 4.183 with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, this means that service partially has a significant positive effect on muzakki satisfaction at Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang Regency. The effect of trust on muzakki satisfaction at Baitul Mal shows a t - count value of 2.421 with a sig value of 0.017 > 0.05, then partially trust has a positive and insignificant effect on muzakki satisfaction at Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang Regency. From the results of the F test shows the results of F count 19,213 with a sig value of 0.000 <0.05, it means that service and trust together have a significant effect on muzakki satisfaction at Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang Regency.

Limitations based on the R2 Test of 27% of service and trust affect the satisfaction of muzakki at Baitul Mal, Aceh Tamiang Regency, while 73% are explained by other factors not included in this study .

Practical Implications – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference by the government, especially zakat institutions in encouraging strategies to pay zakat, especially in terms of the cognitive domain, affective domain and psychomotor domain .
Professional zakat fund collection strategies for private employees in Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Ayumi Mudia , Muslem  , Mutia Sumarni
Published: December 2022

Objectives  –  This study aims (1) to determine the strategy in collecting professional zakat funds carried out by Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang, (2) to determine the implementation of professional zakat fund collection carried out by Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang

Method –  The type of research used in this study was descriptive qualitative with a normative-juridical approach, with data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation.

Research Results – The results of this study indicate that: (1) the strategy of Baitul Mal Aceh Tamiang in collecting professional zakat funds for private employees in their environment has been carried out properly, namely by providing zakat education for proppective muzzaki (persons who pay zakat), (2) implementation carried out by Baitul Mal, namely by forming a special zakat collection unit for private employees to make it easier for muzakki to pay their zakat obligations.  

Limitations – This study has limitations in terms of the relatively small number of research subjects, then the research subjects are people who consistently pay professional zakat.

Practical Implications – As a practical implication, the results of this study can be used as a reference by the government, especially zakat institutions in encouraging professional zakat fund collection strategies that are in accordance with the behavior of the community in paying professional zakat.
the Impact of religiosity, self awareness and trust on muzakki's interest to pay zakat in BAZNAS Langsa
Authors: Mustafa Fakhrizal , Mustika Noor Mifrahi  , Cici Pratiwi
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives - This study aims to determine the factors that influence Muzakki's interest in paying zakat in Baznas Langkat Regency either partially or simultaneously.

Methods - This study uses field research by conducting a survey of 95 people with a cluster random sampling approach. A regression test was conducted to determine the effect of religiosity, self-awareness and trust on muzakki's interest in paying zakat.

Results - The results showed that the influence of religiosity and awareness partially had a significant positive effect on Muzakki's interest in paying zakat in Baznas, Langkat Regency. The effect of self-awareness on Muzakki's interest in paying zakat shows self-awareness. Meanwhile, trust shows an insignificant number, which means it does not affect interest in paying zakat in a positive direction.

Limitations – This study has limitations in terms of the number of respondents. In addition, the research subjects are people who consistently pay professional zakat and do not include people who are reluctant to pay professional zakat.

Implications – As a practical implication, the results can be used as a reference by the government, especially zakat institutions, in encouraging marketing strategies. To improve zakat payment in Baznas, they should consider the community's behaviour in paying zakat.
A Hybrid Model for Text Summarization Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Mugi Karanja James , Matheka Abraham
Published: December 2022

Text summarization plays an important role in the area of natural language processing. The need for information all over the world to solve specific problems keeps on increasing daily. This poses a greater challenge as data stored on the internet has gradually increased exponentially over time. Finding out the relevant data and manually summarizing it in a short time is a challenging and tedious task for a human being. Text Summarization aims to compress the source text into a more concise form while preserving its overall meaning. Two major categories of text summarization methods exist namely: extractive and abstractive. The extractive technique concentrates on determining key themes using frequency analysis of sentences in the corpus of the text. Abstractive methods write a new summary with newly generated texts which do not appear in the corpus itself. This paper presents a hybrid model for text summarization using both extractive and abstractive techniques. Term Frequency (TF) – Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) was used for extractive and T5 Transformers for abstractive summarization. Iterative Incremental Methodology was adopted in the study. The hybrid model emerged as not the best choice compared to the extractive and abstractive as it had been hypothesized in the study when the accuracy and execution time of the summary generated was considered.