bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exérese de adenocarcinoma de cólon retal e reconstrução do ânus
Authors: Prohaska Moscatelli André Luís Albuquerque , Santos Tailane Silva
Published: May 2024

Intestinal tumors in dogs, while relatively uncommon, often exhibit an infiltrative and aggressive behavior, necessitating thorough clinical staging for optimal therapeutic and surgical planning. This case report describes a canine patient with a highly aggressive neoplasm that required extensive surgical intervention. The tumor encompassed the perineal region, tail, anus, and a portion of the vagina. A 10 cm margin of the rectum, a 3 cm lateral margin, and a sentinel lymph node (iliac) were resected during surgery. Post-surgical recovery was followed by adjuvant therapy and postoperative chemotherapy.
Structure of Vegetables Demand in India during Covid-19 Regime- An Econometric Approach
Authors: Bahahudeen Shafiwu Adinan
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to analyze the expenditure, own and cross-price elasticities of ten major vegetables in Southern India. using cross-sectional data from selected households in four southern states of India viz., Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu during 2020 to 2022. We use Working-Leser model, LA/AIDS model and QUAIDS model to compute elasticities and found QUAIDS model as the best fit. As expected the own-price elasticities for all the vegetables are negative and the expenditure elasticities are more than one, except tomato, lettuce and green sorrel. The cross-price elasticities showed that potato is complementarity to tomato, lettuce and green sorrel and the substitution effects of price change were not quite strong, except ivy gourd for bitter gourd; potato for ivy gourd and green sorrel for bitter gourd. Systematic differences in the absolute magnitudes of the expenditure elasticity and own-price elasticity were found and the demand for vegetables is largely influenced by the price change than the income/expenditure change. So, an appropriate price intervention policy by the Government may be more effective in influencing consumption pattern of vegetables enjoying more elastic demand.
Miracles of Indian Traditional Foods: Nutritional Quality of Millets and Their Traditional Products with Potential Health Benefits
Authors: Kumari Shruti
Published: May 2024

Millets are important crops for dry land farmers. They are highly nutritious and climate compliant crops. But due to drudgery in preparation, their consumption is decreased over the years in India. Many cereals are available which economically feasible and tasty but not healthy. At present people are very conscious with health. Millets are one of the best solution to found highly nutritious and health benefits. So the review study focused on millet nutritive value and health benefits.
Nutritional Strategies for Diabetes Prevention: Exploring the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Choices
Authors: Bansal Tanvi
Published: May 2024

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, has become a significant global health concern. The prevalence of diabetes has been on the rise in recent decades, reaching epidemic proportions. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), approximately 463 million adults were living with diabetes in 2019, and this number is projected to increase to 700 million by 2045.
Application of Microfluidization in the Food Industry
Authors: B. Indu
Published: May 2024

Microfluidization is a high-pressure homogenization technique that applies a number of forces such as high impact force, shear force, sudden pressure drop, and cavitation force in order to subdivide the particles into smaller sizes. The technology of micro fluidization is based on a double-acting intensifier pump and an interaction chamber. The intensifier pump creates the pressure required to force the raw material into the interaction chamber. It is widely used in the food industry for a variety of applications, including the formation of micro- and nano-sized emulsions, the encapsulation of easily degradable bioactive compounds, and the enhancement of functional properties of proteins, polysaccharides, and dietary fibers. It was first used to emulsify milk products before being used in other food products such as fruit juices, proteins, gums, cereals, and cereal by-products.
Preliminary Identification of Bacterial Species Contaminating Okra Fruits in Some Selected Markets in Owo, Nigeria
Authors: O. A, Ogunoye,
Published: May 2024

In spite of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivation relevance in the society, management of its post-harvest disease has stand out as major issue to plant pathologists. This study therefore reports findings on the spoilage bacteria associated with Okra fruit during post-harvest storage. Okra sample was purchased from three (3) local markets (Ogwagbe market, Areghona market and Oba market) in Owo local government and taken to the Plant Pathology Laboratory of the Department of Crops Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure. About 2g of deteriorated Okra fruit sample was sterilized and aseptically transfer into the sterile 20cm2 beaker. The bacteria isolated were incubated at 37+ 20c for 24hours in a Nutrient Agar (NA) plate. At the end of incubation period the Colonies forming units from violet bacteria cells were counted and recorded appropriately per gram of each of the deteriorating Okra sample. Pure culture of individual isolates was kept at 40c for biochemical test and isolates were identified. A total of 26 bacteria were isolated and identified from the Okra sample from the 3 local markets on the basis of colony morphology and the staining characteristics. Location A has the highest population of bacteria isolate while location B and C had lowest bacterial population. The highest occurring genera can be found in Micrococcus, Bacillus and Staphylococcus followed by Alcaligenes, Pediococcus, and Erwinia. Alcaligenes odorans and Bacillus pumilus are the most occurring species of bacteria isolated from the market. Total viable counts ranges from 1.20 X 10-8 (cfu/g) to 1.72 X 10-8 (cfu/g). The highest average coliform forming unit occurs in Location A (1.52 X 10-8 (cfu/g)) while the least average coliform forming unit occurred in Location B (1.23 X 10-8 (cfu/g)). Alcaligenes odorans Bacillus pumilus and Micrococcus spp. had the highest frequency of occurrence (67 %). The presence of these bacteria on Okra fruit are potential threat to its production most importantly coliforms, pose a serious threat to consumers' health as the bacteria could produce toxins, which are poisonous when consumed. Proper handling methods should be adopted by both farmer and consumers to minimize the bacterial deterioration of okra fruit in the study area.
Discharge within 1 day following elective single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a propensityscore-matched analysis of predictors, complications, and readmission
Authors: Jiang Sam H. , Chaudhry Nauman S. , Nie James W. , Patel Saavan , Ansari Darius , Nie Jeffrey Z. , Shah Pal , Patel Jaimin , Mehta Ankit I.
Published: May 2024

Study Design: This was a retrospective case-control study using 8 years of data from a nationwide database of surgical outcomes in the United States.Purpose: This study aimed to improve our understanding of the risk factors associated with a length of stay (LOS) >1 day and aid in reducing postoperative hospitalization and complications.Overview of Literature: Despite the proven safety of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), some patients face prolonged postoperative hospitalization.Methods: Data were collected from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset from 2011 to 2018. The cohort was divided into patients with LOS up to 1 day (LOS ≤1 day), defined as same day or next-morning discharge, and patients with LOS >1 day (LOS >1 day). Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of LOS >1 day. Propensity-score matching was performed to compare pre- and postdischarge complication rates.Results: A total of 12,664 eligible patients with TLIF were identified, of which 14.8% had LOS ≤1 day and 85.2% had LOS >1 day. LOS >1 day was positively associated with female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, diagnosis of spondylolisthesis, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3, and operation length of >150 minutes. Patients with LOS >1 day were more likely to undergo intraoperative/postoperative blood transfusion (0.3% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001) and reoperation (0.1% vs. 0.6%, p=0.004). No significant differences in the rates of postdischarge complications were found between the matched groups.Conclusions: Patients with worsened preoperative status, preoperative diagnosis of spondylolisthesis, and prolonged operative time are more likely to require prolonged hospitalization and blood transfusions and undergo unplanned reoperation. To reduce the risk of prolonged hospitalization and associated complications, patients indicated for TLIF should be carefully selected.
Ethnopharmacology Through Time: Tracing the Utilization of Folk Medicines in Malakand Division
Authors: Khan Nangyalay , Hameed Meena , Naz Arab
Published: May 2024

This study explores ethnopharmacology through time in Malakand Division by revealing the historical and contemporary use of folk medicines. Malakand region serves as a gateway to various districts and tribal areas and possesses a cultural and archaeological heritage from ancient civilizations to the present day. Employing an interdisciplinary approach involving anthropology, pharmacology, and botany, the research traces historical footprints of medicinal plant use across diverse cultures. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicines and is facing challenges of over-exploitation of medicinal plant resources. Pakistan's diverse climates offer a wealth of medicinal herbs. The mixed-method methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, revealing the persistence of ancient medical practices. The results showcase 48 herbal remedies associated with 46 plant species, emphasizing the integral role of plant-based treatments in the local healthcare system. Specific remedies for various ailments, along with a percentage distribution of plant parts used in remedies, highlight the versatility and resilience of plant-based medicine in the region. This exploration through time uncovers the untold stories of plant-based remedies and underscores the potential of traditional knowledge in addressing contemporary healthcare challenges.
Study on the Population and Composition of Parasitic Nematodes related to Da Xanh Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Huy Nguyen Gia , Tram Tran Thi Thu , Uyen Dang Thi Kim , Hoa Nguyen Van
Published: May 2024

Da Xanh grapefruit is a fruit tree with many nutrients and high economic value. However, nematode attack is one of the factors that limit productivity. Based on the approach of surveying gardens with symptoms of yellow leaves and root rot, collect and analyze samples. Results of surveying the composition of plant parasitic nematodes in Tien Giang province discovered 11 genera belonging to 8 families of plant parasitic nematodes present in the soil and root zone of Da Xanh grapefruit trees. Thus, 12 nematode species have been identified including: Aphelenchus avenae, C. onoensis, Helicotylenchus crenacauda, H. digonicus, P. coffeae, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Rotylenchus dalhousiensis, Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema insigne, X. longicaudatum. The species T. semipenetrans appeared at 80% and 76.67% in soil and root samples, which is an important species that needs to be controlled; P. coffeae and R. reniformis are dominant in roots and should be of concern as populations increase. Besides, it also shows that in garden samples with yellow leaf and root rot symptoms, the population of T. semipenetrans nematodes is very high compared to previous studies.
Exploitation of Catechin Extract from Pruned Tea Leaves as a Promising Food Preservative Against Lipid Oxidation
Authors: Ha Lai Thi Ngoc , Hoai Tran Thi , Phuong Hoang Lan , Lam Nguyen Van
Published: May 2024

In Vietnam, a tea-producing country, the tea buds and top three leaves are normally used for tea production while older leaves are pruned and discarded as agricultural waste in the winter. The present study aimed to exploit catechins from pruned tea leaves and use them as natural antioxidants for applications in the food industry. Catechins were analyzed using the guideline of ISO 14502-2-2005 by HPLC-MWD. The contents of catechins in pruned tea leaves of ten popular tea varieties were relatively high, ranging from 65.57 to 136.88 mg/g dry weight. The optimized conditions for catechin extraction from Phuc Van Tien pruned tea leaves (one of the varieties with a high catechin content) were found using response surface methodology as follows: a liquid-to-solid ratio of 21.6/1 at 70oC for 31 minutes. The catechin-rich extract powder was added to sesame oil to inhibit lipid oxidation. During oil accelerated oxidation at 60oC, the catechin-rich extract powder inhibited the increase of the peroxide value compared with the negative and positive controls (no preservative and added tert-butylhydroquinone, respectively). Significant positive correlations between the decrease of catechin content and the inhibition of peroxide formation (r = 0.91, 0.94, 0.95, 0.97, and 0.96 for catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epicatechin, respectively, P <0.05) proved that the inhibition of peroxide formation in the sesame oil was essentially due to the antioxidant capacity of the catechins in the pruned tea leaf extract. Catechin extracts from pruned tea leaves are potential sources of natural antioxidants for oil preservation.
Effect of Maturity Stages on the Quality of Cold Storage Iceberg Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitate) for Export
Authors: Alemu Tolcha Techane , Oanh Vu Thi Kim
Published: May 2024

Iceberg lettuce is one of the most important vegetables economically and nutritionally, but its perishable nature poses challenges for storage and long-distance transportation. This study investigated the effect of maturity stages on the quality of iceberg lettuce for export under cold storage conditions. A completely randomized design with three replications was used to evaluate four maturity stages based on days after planting (DAP): 52, 55, 58, and 61 DAP. The lettuce heads were stored at 3±2oC and a 95% relative humidity, and quality parameters were analyzed every three days until the end of storage. Sensory properties, weight loss, color change, total soluble solids, total phenolics, and decay rates were evaluated. The results showed that maturity stages significantly (P <0.05) affected the quality attributes of iceberg lettuce and that harvesting at the optimal stage is very important. Findings from this study confirmed that the quality parameters were preserved for the 58 DAP samples throughout the storage time. They indicated that at three weeks of storage time, the lowest weight loss (5.9%), color change (14.1), and decay rate (8.3%), and the highest sensory analysis (5 scores) and appearance were shown by the 58 DAP maturity stage lettuce. Therefore, harvesting iceberg lettuce at 58 DAP is recommended for long-distance exportation.
Current Situation and Solutions for Vocational Training in Extremely Isolated Communes, Lowland and Coastal Areas, and on Islands in Vietnam
Authors: Hoc Nguyen Dang , Chau Le Thi Minh , Anh Hoang Thi Mai , Hong Phi Thi Diem , Trung Tran Quang
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to analyze the current situation of vocational training for farmers and farmers’ needs for vocational training in the next years in extremely isolated communities. The primary data were collected from 480 farmers in 16 communes. The selection of the study sites was based on the list issued in Decision No. 353/QD-TTg dated March 15, 2022 of the Prime Minister. The secondary data on vocational training in the period of 2016-2022 were collected from the Department of Labor, Invalids, and Social Affairs in the study sites. The research results showed that vocational training programs for farmers in the period of 2016-2022 had some achievements. The numbers of courses and trained workers increased every year (except the period of 2020 to early 2022 because of Covid-19), and the contents of the training courses were designed in accordance with the special requirements of local conditions and production and business characteristics. However, the vocational training program for farmers in extremely isolated communes in the period 2016-2022 still had limitations in terms of training contents, training methods, and training duration. It was found that in the 2023-2025 period, 73.5% of surveyed farmers desired to participate in vocational training. Based on the limitations of the vocational training program in the past, some proper solutions were proposed to improve the effectiveness of vocational training and to meet the farmers’ expectations.
LP-Kenmotsu Manifolds Admitting Bach Almost Solitons
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Verma Abhinav , Yadav Vindhyachal Singh , Haseeb Abdul , Bilal Mohd
Published: May 2024

For a Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifold of dimension $m$ (briefly, ${(LPK)_{m}}$) admitting Bach almost soliton $(g,\zeta,\lambda)$, we explored the characteristics of the norm of Ricci operator. Besides, we gave the necessary condition for ${(LPK)_{m}}$ ($m\geq 4$) admitting Bach almost soliton to be an $\eta$-Einstein manifold. Afterwards, we proved that Bach almost solitons are always steady when a Lorentzian para-Kenmotsu manifold of dimension three has Bach almost soliton.
Developing a Framework for Cost Reduction Strategies through Process Automation in SMEs: A United States Perspective
Authors: Oluwafisayo Fakinlede
Published: May 2024

In the United States, where small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) swim in a competitive environment, an arduous task is that of resource optimization without sacrificing one's competitiveness. The automation process of activities has been a very promising opportunity to reduce costs and improve productivity. On the contrary, smaller businesses typically do not spend enough time creating clear roadmaps for how to appropriately take advantage of automation. The goal is to efficiently formulate a cost-reduction framework using process automation in small to medium-sized enterprises in America. The creation of the framework is firmly based on the use of the relevant literature and empirical data to pinpoint the most important themes, such as process identification, technology selection, implementation strategies, and performance measurement. Therefore, through weaving the key themes into a workable model, this paper acts as a pragmatic manual for SMEs who aspire to reap cost reduction and competitiveness gains through the implementation of process automation.
Giardioza (Lamblioza) w Polsce w 2021 roku
Authors: Gordat Katarzyna , Kitowska Wioleta , Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION. Giardiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoa Giardia lamblia (also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis), which causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Infection usually occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water/food or through contact with an infected person. In Poland, giardiasis is notifiable disease, acoording to the EU deffinition implement in the polish surveillance system.
AIM OF THE STUDY. The aim of this study is to asses epidemiological situation of giardiasis in Poland in 2021 and compare it to the previous years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS. The assessment of the epidemiological situation of giardiasis in Poland in 2021 was performed on the basis of data from the annual bulletins “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland” for the years 2008-2021, data on individual cases collected for the purposes of epidemiological surveillance in the EpiBaza system and data from food-born outbreak investigations recorded in the Registry of Epidemic Outbreaks (ROE).
RESULTS. In 2021, 559 cases of giardiasis were reported in Poland (558 confirmed case, 1 probable case). There was an increase in the number of reported cases in comparision to 2020 by 56% and decrease to 2019 by 29%. Cases of giardiasis were reported in all voivodeships, with the highest incidence rate in Podlaskie voivodeship (9.1/100 000), incidence rate for Poland was 1.5/100 000. Giardiasis was diagnosed in patiens in all age group, the largest group of patiens were children (age groups 0-4 and 5-9). The hospitalization rate of patients diagnosed with giardiasis was 9.7% and was lower than in 2020, when it was 12.4%. As in previous years, no deaths from giardiasis were reported.
CONCLUSIONS. The number of cases of giardiasis has increased compared to 2020, but has not reached pre-pandemic levels. As in previous years, differences in the incidence by age and sex of people with the disease were noted when comparing data reported from Poland and EU/EEA countries.
Pollutants In the Selected 3 – Bus Station Microenvironments in Enugu Metropolis
Authors: Ehiemobi Michael Chijioke
Published: May 2024

Idling buses in bus station micro-environments potentially pollute ambient air with health implications for commuters with long waiting times. This study aimed at finding the severity of air pollutants in selected three bus station microenvironments in Enugu metropolis, South Eastern Nigeria with the objective to determine the air quality index. Real time measurements of ambient particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants such as SO2, NO2 and CO were monitored, in conjunction with meteorological parameters (wind speed, temperature and relative humidity) on idling buses in selected three bus stations and a control station in Enugu Metropolis. The study spanned through September 2016 to August 2018, covering dry and wet seasons. Hand-held Aeroqual Series - 200 gas monitor/sensors, particulates laser meter and ambient weather anemometer were used to collect data. Results indicated that the daily highest mean concentrations of pollutants were as follows: PM10=228µg/m3 – Young Shall Grow; PM2.5=99.5µg/m3 – Young-Shall-Grow; SO2=0.81ppm – Ifesinachi; NO2= 0.068ppm – Young-Shall-Grow; CO= 7.376ppm – ABC, consistently maintained higher concentrations than those at the control station. AQI was calculated with AQI calculator. The air quality index (AQI) results showed a severe health issue in the selected 3-bus station micro environments. This implies that commuters are highly at risk if they cluster idling buses at bus stations. This study can assist the relevant authorities to set strict ambient air quality objectives for pollutants in transport micro environments.
ANALISIS ENGINE TIDAK BISA RUNNING PADA UNIT DUMP TRUCK HOWO 371
Authors: Purwono Hendro , Rasma  , Effensi Riki
Published: May 2024

Dump Truck Howo 371 adalah salah satu alat berat yang digunakan dalam pertambangan bauksit yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pengangkut material bauksit dari penambangan menuju washing. Oleh karena adanya beberapa faktor mengakibatkan timbulnya masalah pada engine yang tidak bisa running pada saat di starting. Hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya indikasi penyumbatan pada saringan bahan bakar, pemisah air, dan nipple. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa penyebab engine tidak bisa running dengan cara melakukan pengumpulan data primer atau informasi yang baru dan terkait dengan kondisi kenyataan yang berada dilapangan dan beberapa data sekunder sebagai pendukung. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan prosedur untuk menemukan dan memecahkan permasalahan yang ada di lapangan agar unit dapat dilakukan perbaikan dengan tepat dan benar. Dalam melakukian prosedur tersebut penelitian menggunakan 8 step troubleshooting. Pengecekan gejala timbulnya masalah dengan melihat troubleshooting chart. Setelah melalui serangkaian proses ditemukan penyebab terjadinya engine tidak bisa running adalah karena adanya penyumbatan pada fuel filter, water separator, dan nipple pada unit Howo 371. Untuk langkah pencegahan maka perlu dilakukan perawatan berkala terhadap unit dengan aturan yang sudah ditentukan oleh perusahaan atau fabrikasi.
Motion Control of 5-Degree of Freedom Humanoid Robot Arm System Using Fuzzy Logic Algorithm
Authors: Bayusari Ike , Sandi Darma , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Dwijayanti Suci , Suprapto Bhakti Yudho
Published: May 2024

Humanoid robots are the evidence of the rapid advancement of technology in robotics. One of their applications is replacing humans in certain tasks, such as moving goods. For this type of activity, humanoid robots need arms; however, their arm system is not effective enough because of the material used. Thus, this study proposes the use of filament as the material of frames in robot arms. A 5-degree of freedom (DoF) robot arm system was implemented, and the motor worked as the driving force. The movement of this robotic arm was based on proximity and camera sensor readings. Then, the movement control used fuzzy logic with the Sugeno method. During experimental testing, the humanoid robot arm could grip and move objects from one place to another at varying times according to the object type. The length of time obtained depends on the reading of the proximity sensor on the gripper. In another experiment, the humanoid robot arm could shake hands with humans in real time within 36 sec. In conclusion, the results verified the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic controller with the Sugeno method.
КОПІНГ-СТРАТЕГІЇ ЯК ЧИННИК АДПТАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ ДО УМОВ НАВЧАННЯ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ
Authors: Перепелюк Т. , Харченко Н.
Published: May 2024

Стаття присвячена аналізу копінг-стратегій як чинника адаптації студентів до умов навчання під час війни. Стратегії подолання або копінг-стратегії стосуються різних методів, які люди використовують для боротьби зі стресовими факторами та складними ситуаціями. Доведено, що люди з високим рівнем витривалості характеризуються вираженим оптимізмом, осмисленістю життя, використанням адаптивних копінг-стратегій. Студенти, особливо молодших курсів, володіють меншим репертуаром адаптивних копінгів, ніж студенти старших курсів.
Use of defibrotide in COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison of a phase II study and a matched real-world cohort control
Authors: Ruggeri Annalisa , Corrado Francesco , Voza Antonio , Wei Lee-Jen , Catalano Gloria , Liberatore Carmine , Nitti Rosamaria , Fedeli Carlo , Bruno Alessandro , Calabretta Eleonora , Giglio Fabio , Sciutti Fabio , Lunghi Francesca , Landoni Giovanni , Aghemo Alessio , Iacobelli Massimo , Querini Patrizia Rovere , Richardson Paul G. , Assanelli Andrea , Peccatori Jacopo , Ciceri Fabio , Carlo-Stella Carmelo
Published: May 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems around the world and a severe global socioeconomic crisis, with more than 750 million confirmed cases and at least 7 million deaths reported by December 31, 2023. The DEFI-VID19 study (clinicaltrials gov. Identifier: NCT04335201), a phase II, single-arm, multicenter, open-label trial was designed in mid-2020 to assess the safety and efficacy of defibrotide in treating patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Defibrotide was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg intravenously, divided into four daily doses over a planned 14-day period for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia receiving non-invasive ventilation. The primary endpoint was respiratory failure-free survival (RFFS). Overall survival (OS), the number of post-recovery days, and adverse events were the secondary endpoints. For comparison, a contemporaneous control cohort receiving standard of care only was retrospectively selected by applying the eligibility criteria of the DEFI-VID19 trial. To adjust for the imbalance between the two cohorts in terms of baseline variable distributions, an outcome regression analysis was conducted. In adjusted analysis, patients receiving defibrotide reported a trend towards higher RFFS (hazard ratio [HR]=0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-1.29; P=0.138) and OS (HR=0.78; 95% CI: 0.33-1.53; P=0.248]) and showed a significantly increased number of post-recovery days (difference in means =3.61; 95% CI: 0.97-6.26; P=0.0037). Despite concomitant thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin, the safety profile of defibrotide proved to be favorable. Taken together, our findings suggest that defibrotide may represent a valuable addition to the COVID-19 therapeutic options.
PROSPECTS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF PRE-TRIAL PROBATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Ermasov Evgeny , Teplyashin Pavel , Skiba Andrey
Published: May 2024

Taking into account the provisions of international acts, the article substantiates the need to develop a conceptual justification for the introduction of pre-trial probation in Russia, which is not included in Federal Law No. 10-FZ of February 6, 2023 “About probation in the Russian Federation.” The authors also analyze three previous draft laws on probation, which were discussed in our country in the second decade of the 21st century. Three models of pre-trial probation, generally accepted in world practice, are considered, and arguments are given for the possibility of implementing its judicial model in Russia as the most consistent with established law enforcement practice in the field of criminal litigation.
Topraktan Uygulanan Yarasa Gübresinin Mercimek Gelişimi ile Rizosfer Toprağının Bazı Biyolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: Küçük Çiğdem , Arslan Ayşegül
Published: May 2024

İnorganik gübrelerin sürekli kullanımı toprağın yapısını bozmakta, çevreye ve insan sağlığında olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadır. Organik gübre uygulaması, bitki büyümesi için gerekli besin maddelerinin sağlanması açısından da güvenli alternatiflerden biridir. Bu çalışmada, organik gübre olarak kullanılan yarasa gübresinin mercimek gelişimi ve rizosferin bazı toprak mikrobiyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toprağa farklı dozlarda uygulanan yarasa gübresinin mercimeğin bitki boyu, yeşil aksam ve kök kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, klorofil içeriği olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan yarasa gübresinin rizosfer bölgesinin $CO_2$ içeriği, $\beta$-glukosidaz aktivitesi, maya+küf ve toplam bakteri düzeyini kontrole göre önemli oranda arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Navigating the Adipocyte Precursor Niche: Cell-Cell Interactions, Regulatory Mechanisms and Implications for Adipose Tissue Homeostasis
Authors: Kesharwani Devesh , Brown Aaron Clifford
Published: May 2024

Support for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation hinges upon the intricate microenvironment termed the stem cell 'niche'. Within the adipose tissue stem cell niche, diverse cell types, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, mural cells, and adipocytes, intricately regulate the function of adipocyte precursors. These interactions, whether direct or indirect, play a pivotal role in governing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of adipocyte precursors into adipocytes. The mechanisms orchestrating the maintenance and coordination of this niche are still in the early stages of comprehension, despite their crucial role in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis. The complexity of understanding adipocyte precursor renewal and differentiation is amplified due to the challenges posed by the absence of suitable surface receptors for identification, limitations in creating optimal ex vivo culture conditions for expansion and constraints in conducting in vivo studies. This review delves into the current landscape of knowledge surrounding adipocyte precursors within the adipose stem cell niche. We will review the identification of adipocyte precursors, the cell-cell interactions they engage in, the factors influencing their renewal and commitment toward adipocytes and the transformations they undergo during instances of obesity.
Geochemical Pathways Defined by Predictive Regolith-Landform Models Using TanDEM-X Data in the Tanami Region, Australia
Authors: Langford Richard Llewellyn
Published: May 2024

The Granites-Tanami Orogen (GTO) is a significant auriferous province located in the poorly exposed southwestern part of the North Australian Craton. This paper looks at the data sources that are suited to studying regolith-landform in areas such as the Tanami Region. One of the most useful datasets for regional regolith-landform mapping is a digital elevation model (DEM). The DEM data that were reviewed demonstrated the utility of TanDEM over other sources, and quantitative results focused on these data for identifying regolith-landform patterns that would aid in geochemical sampling and other land use studies. This paper will demonstrate that neither the classical approach of mapping boundaries based on visual estimates of breaks in slope, nor the alternative approach of producing maps and models derived from algorithms, can be used in isolation. Visual estimates of many boundaries are complex, unreliable and time consuming, and algorithmic mapping is driven by parameters than can produce an infinite set of models. This paper shows that simple landform visualisation is often the most powerful tool for map and model creation, supported by geomorphometric analysis and remotely sensed spectral imagery. The use of TanDEM data is shown to produce the best regolith-landform maps and models of the Tanami Region, which can then improve mineral exploration success.
3D computer modeling of inhibitors targeting the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Authors: Zarougui Sara , Er-Rajy Mohammed , Faris Abdelmoujoud , Imtara Hamada , El fadili Mohamed , Qurtam Ashraf Ahmed , Nasr Fahd A. , Al-Zharani Mohammed , Elhallaoui Menana
Published: May 2024

This study focused on developing new inhibitors for the MCF-7 cell line to contribute to our understanding of breast cancer biology and various experimental techniques. 3D QSAR modeling was used to design new tetrahydrobenzo[4, 5]thieno[2, 3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with good characteristics. Two robust 3D-QSAR models were developed, and their predictive capacities were confirmed through high correlations [CoMFA (Q2 = 0.62, R2 = 0.90) and CoMSIA (Q2 = 0.71, R2 = 0.88)] via external validations (R2ext = 0.90 and R2ext = 0.91, respectively). These successful evaluations confirm the potential of the models to provide reliable predictions. Six candidate inhibitors were discovered, and two new inhibitors were developed in silico using computational methods. The ADME-Tox properties and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the new derivatives were evaluated carefully. The interactions between the new tetrahydrobenzo[4, 5]thieno[2, 3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and the protein ERα (PDB code: 4XO6) were highlighted by molecular docking. Additionally, MM/GBSA calculations and molecular dynamics simulations provided interesting information on the binding stabilities between the complexes. The pharmaceutical characteristics, interactions with protein, and stabilities of the inhibitors were examined using various methods, including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations over 100 ns, binding free energy calculations, and ADME-Tox predictions, and compared with the FDA-approved drug capivasertib. The findings indicate that the inhibitors exhibit significant binding affinities, robust stabilities, and desirable pharmaceutical characteristics. These newly developed compounds, which act as inhibitors to mitigate breast cancer, therefore possess considerable potential as prospective drug candidates.
Early silent coronary bypass graft occlusion following coronary bypass surgery, implication of routine coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Salikhanov Islam , Koechlin Luca , Gahl Brigitta , Reuthebuch Oliver , Zellweger Michael , Haaf Philip , Bremerich Jens , Pradella Maurice , Müller Christian , Berdajs Denis
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate incidence and predictors of early silent bypass occlusion following coronary bypass surgery using cardiac computed tomography angiography.

Methods

A total of 439 consecutive patients with mean age of 66 ± 10 years comprising 17% (n = 75) females underwent isolated coronary bypass surgery followed by CT scan before discharge. Graft patency was evaluated in 1,319 anastomoses where 44% (n = 580) arterial and 56% (n = 739) vein graft anastomosis were performed. Cardiovascular risk factors, demographics, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to analyze variables potentially associated with graft occlusion following CABG. Variables included gender, surgery duration, graft flow, pulsatility index, vein vs. artery graft, and recent MI.

Results

Overall incidence of graft occlusion was 2.4% (31/1,319), and it was diagnosed in 6.6% (29/439) of patients. The difference in occlusion between arterial (2.1%) and vein (2.6%) grafts was not significant,p = 0.68. The duration of interventionp = 0.034, cross clamp timep = 0.024 as well the number of distal anastomosisp = 0.034 were significantly higher in occlusion group. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression indicated duration of surgery being predictive for bypass graft occlusion with OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.01–1.38;p = 0.035.

Conclusions

Early graft occlusion was associated with surgical factors. The number of distant anastamoses, along duration of surgical intervention were, significantly influenced the risk of EGO. Prolonged procedural time reflecting complex coronary pathology and time-consuming revascularization procedure was as well associated to the elevated risk of occlusion.
The educational development of university teachers: mapping the landscape
Authors: Bélisle Marilou , Jean Valérie , Fernandez Nicolas
Published: May 2024

This article presents the results of a scoping review designed to explore the current state of knowledge about the educational development of university teachers. More specifically, the study examined the definitions attributed to educational development, its aims, the factors that foster it and the variables studied in this field. A thematic analysis was conducted on 98 scholarly documents published between 2000 and 2022. The results indicate that the field of educational development is mainly characterized by ideological and political rather than scientific dimensions. Consequently, the focus is on desired changes in educational development, reflecting a high degree of desirability. Furthermore, the results highlight the individualistic nature of the starting point of professional learning process, suggesting that institutional conditions and resources should be adapted to accommodate the diversity of learning trajectories. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the complex landscape surrounding the educational development of university teachers, highlighting the need for nuanced approaches to promote teaching quality and professional development in the context of higher education.
Correlation of TyG-BMI and TyG-WC with severity and short-term outcome in new-onset acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yu Xin-Rui , Du Jing-Lu , Jiang Mei , Ren Yuan , Zhang Fu-Liang , Kong Fan-Li , Li Feng-E.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To research the connection between the indexes of the indexes of triglyceride-glucose (TyG) combined with obesity indices and the initial neurological severity and short-term outcome of new-onset acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

Data of patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Stroke Ward of the Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University from November 2021 to October 2023, were collected. The two indexes were calculated by combining TyG and obesity indices: TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC). The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess and group patients with neurological deficits within 24 hours of admission: mild stroke (NIHSS ≤5) and moderate-severe stroke (NIHSS >5). Short-term prognosis was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge or 14 days after onset of the disease and grouped: good outcome (mRS ≤2) and poor outcome (mRS >2). According to the quartiles of TyG-BMI and TyG-WC, the patients were placed into four groups: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the correlation of TyG-BMI and TyG-WC with the severity and short-term outcome.

Results

The study included 456 patients. After adjusting for multiple variables, the results showed that compared with the quartile 1, patients in quartile 4 of TyG-BMI had a reduced risk of moderate-severe stroke [Q4: OR: 0.407, 95%CI (0.185-0.894), P = 0.025]; Patients in quartiles 2, 3 and 4 of TyG-BMI had sequentially lower risk of short-term adverse outcomes [Q2: OR: 0.394, 95%CI (0.215-0.722), P = 0.003; Q3: OR: 0.324, 95%CI (0.163-0.642), P = 0.001; Q4: OR: 0.158, 95%CI (0.027-0.349), P <0.001]; Patients in quartiles 3 and 4 of TyG-WC had sequentially lower risk of moderate-severe stroke [Q3: OR: 0.355, 95%CI (0.173-0.728), P = 0.005; Q4: OR: 0.140, 95%CI (0.056-0.351), P <0.001]; Patients in quartiles 3 and 4 of TyG-WC had sequentially lower risk of short-term adverse outcomes [Q3: OR: 0.350, 95%CI (0.175-0.700), P = 0.003; Q4: OR: 0.178, 95%CI (0.071-0.451), P <0.001].

Conclusions

TyG-WC and TyG-BMI were correlated with the severity and short-term outcome of new-onset acute ischemic stroke. As TyG-WC and TyG-BMI increased, stroke severity decreased and short-term outcome was better.
Correlation between the triglyceride-glucose index and chronic kidney disease among adults with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: fourteen-year follow-up
Authors: Wei Suosu , Wu Tengyan , You Yanwu , Liu Fei , Hou Qiyan , Mo Chongde , Zhou Lei , Yang Jianrong
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

According to previous studies, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) is related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), but no studies have explored the correlation between TyG and CKD among adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We aimed to explore the associations of the TyG index with CKD among adults with MAFLD.

Methods

In this retrospective observational cohort study, data from 11,860 participants who underwent a minimum of three health assessments between 2008 and 2015 were retrospectively collected. Participants were followed up until the final medical visit or health examination. CKD refers to an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or the occurrence of two or more incidents of proteinuria.

Results

Within a median 10·02-year follow-up period, 2005 (16·9%) participants reported developing CKD. Multivariate Cox regression models indicated a noticeable correlation between the TyG index and CKD incidence (HR per unit increase, 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09–1.29) and between the TyG index and CKD incidence (HR per SD increase, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06–1.18). The CKD incidence increased by 1.8 times in participants in the highest TyG index quartile relative to patients in the lowest quartile of the TyG index quartile (HR 1·18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.38, P = 0.007). According to subgroup analysis, an elevated TyG index is likely to become more harmful to participants younger than 60 years (P for interaction = 0.035).

Conclusion

An elevated TyG index may increase CKD incidence among MAFLD adults, particularly among younger people. Early intervention may help reduce the incidence of CKD.
Improving carbon management through maximizing hydrolysis and fermentation at water resource recovery facilities
Authors: Cecconi Francesca , Pifer Leah , Sabba Fabrizio , Downing Leon
Published: May 2024

Wastewater treatment plants are transitioning from a sole focus on treatment objectives to integrated resource recovery and upcycling. Effective carbon management is critical for upcycling within a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) to produce energy or other usable products, which involves carbon diversion at primary treatment and waste activated sludge (WAS) from biological treatment processes. Many WRRFs are also driven to meet stringent effluent nutrient discharge targets while minimizing energy usage and chemical addition. Nutrient removal systems still rely on biodegradable organic carbon to support denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Biological nutrient removal not only requires sufficient organic substrate, but also the right type of bioavailable carbon for optimal utilization. The main objective of this pilot fermentation testing was to evaluate the most effective utilization of the range of organic-carbon rich feedstocks within a WRRF. Preliminary results suggest that a 50–50 blend of primary sludge (PS) and return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation leads to highest volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield. PS fermentation resulted in the minimum nutrients release per unit of volatile suspended solids (VSS), which makes it a best suited for biological nutrients removal WRRFs with stringent nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limits. The volatile fatty acids fractions produced from different combinations of RAS and PS can impact the most suitable end use for each sludge type fermentation. PS resulted into higher levels of propionate, which are ideal for selecting phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) over glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAO). On the other hand, for denitrification, acetate is the preferred substrate, which was most abundant with RAS only fermentation. Our research outcomes will be of value to utilities aiming to integrate the stringent effluent nutrient (N and P) discharge targets with energy and resource recovery.
Regional divergent evolution of vegetation greenness and climatic drivers in the Sahel-Sudan-Guinea region: nonlinearity and explainable machine learning
Authors: Zeng Yelong , Jia Li , Menenti Massimo , Jiang Min , Zheng Chaolei , Bennour Ali , Lv Yunzhe
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The vegetation dynamics of the Sahel-Sudan-Guinea region in Africa, one of the largest transition zones between arid and humid zones, is of great significance for understanding regional ecosystem changes. However, a time-unvarying trend based on linear assumption challenges the overall understanding of vegetation greenness evolution and of tracking a complex ecosystem response to climate in the Sahel-Sudan-Guinea region.

Methods

This study first applied the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to detect the time-varying trends in vegetation greenness based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data in the region during 2001–2020, and then identified the dominant climatic drivers of NDVI trends by employing explainable machine learning framework.

Results

The study revealed an overall vegetation greening but a significant nonlinear spatio-temporal evolution characteristic over the region. Trend reversals, i.e., browning-to-greening and greening-to-browning, were dominant in approximately 60% of the study area. The browning-to-greening reversal was primarily observed in the southern Sahel, Congo Basin north of the Equator, and East Africa, with a breakpoint around 2008, while the greening-to-browning reversal was mainly observed in West Africa, with a breakpoint around 2011. The sustained greening primarily took place in northern Sahel, Central African Republic and South Sudan; while sustained browning clustered in central West Africa and Uganda, mainly in agricultural lands. Furthermore, the combination of Random Forest (RF) algorithm and the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method could robustly model and reveal the relationships between the observed trends in NDVI and in climatic variables, also detected by applying EEMD. The results suggested that air temperature and precipitation were the most important climatic drivers controlling the NDVI trends across the Sahel-Sudan-Guinea region. The NDVI trends were more likely to have negative correlations with solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit in arid areas, while they could have positive correlations in humid areas. The study also found that large-scale climate changes induced by sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies had strong relationships with trend reversals in vegetation greenness at a sub-continental scale. These findings advanced the understanding of the impacts of climatic drivers on vegetation greenness evolution in the Sahel-Sudan-Guinea region.