bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Structures and Electrical Properties of HfO2 Gate Dielectric
Authors: Cao Duo , Cheng Xin Hong , Jia Ting Ting , Zhang You Wei , Xu Da Wei
Published: July 2012

HfO2high-k dielectric films of 4nm and 5nm were both grown on Si substrate with the method of PEALD at 160°C. Both were treated with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process at 500°C. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicated both films were not crystallized. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) indicated that Hf-silicate was formed in the interfacial layer, and the valence-band offset (VBO) between the dielectric film and the substrate interface was calculated to be 3.5 eV. The electrical measurements indicated that the leakage current densities of the four and five nanometers’ sample were 1.0mA/cm2and 0.8mA/cm2at gate bias of 1V, and the equivalent oxide thicknesses of them were 0.9nm and 1.2nm respectively. Densities of interfacial states of them were calculated.
Preparation of Nano-Porous Zn and Nanowire-Like ZnO by Anodization and Oxidation
Authors: Rui Ze Bao , Wu Ben , Ji Hong Bing
Published: July 2012

Anodization of Zn foil in a salicylic acid-ethanol-H2O electrolyte and the following annealing of the anodized product have been investigated in this paper. Nano-porous metallic Zn were fabricated by anodization, and the Zn nano-pores formation mechanism on the zinc foil was suggested. The diameter of the Zn nano-pores is around 200 nm. Both the electrolyte concentration and potential have significant effect on the morphology and structure of the pores, and the nano-pores formation rate. Nanowire-like ZnO was produced by annealing the nano-porous metallic Zn obtained by anodization. The lengths of the ZnO nanowires range from 2 to 5 μm, and the diameters are in the range of 40~70 nm.
“Au (lll)—Cysteine” Complex and its Application in Electro-Less Deposition
Authors: Jin Wen Tao , Li Le , Li De Liang , Feng Neng Qing , Li Ke Lin , Luo Jie , Zhong Di Yuan
Published: July 2012

Auric-cysteine complex[MAu(Cys)4.xH2O,M=K,NH4,Na] was reported in this paper ,and its application in the electro-less plating was studied . By using single factor’s experiments the optimal plating index has been gotten and they are: pH=7~9,[Au]=1.5~3.5 g/L , temperature 40~60 Ċ, supporting ligand 0.1~0.15M and plating time 6~8minutes respectively. Related quality inspection of the plated panels show that the appearance, adhesion power and gold thickness can meet the standard of the modern industry .
Optimization of the Electrodepositon Process of PtRu Catalysts for Methanol Electro-Oxidation by Orthogonal Test
Authors: Li Jun Peng , Ye Fei
Published: July 2012

Orthogonal test was used to optimize the electrodeposition process of PtRu catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. The morphology, composition and catalytic activities of the prepared catalysts were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the optimum electrodeposition conditions are: the concentrations of H2PtCl6 and RuCl3 of 2.5 mM, the concentration of H2SO4 of 0.1 M, the electrodeposition potential of -0.25 V vs SCE, and the electrodeposition time of 10 min. Under these electrodeposition conditions, the prepared PtRu catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation.
Synthesis of Silver Cross-Linked Polyurethane Resin Catalyst and its Application for Electroless Copper Deposition
Authors: Yang Qiong , Chen Shi Rong , Luo Guan He , Hu Guang Hui , Pan Zhan Chang , Wang Yi , Tian Xin Long
Published: July 2012

A polyurethane resin catalyst with the cross-linking silver (Ag) ion is successfully synthesized in this study, and its use as a catalyst in electroless copper deposition is also analyzed. FT-IR, SEM, EDX and electrochemical open circuit potential-time (OCP-t) technique are used to analyze the structure of the catalyst, the process of catalyzing copper deposition and induced rate of the electroless copper deposition. We also demonstrate that the polyurethane resin catalyst containing silver ion can be screen printed onto the PET substrate, then, a Cu pattern is successfully fabricated on the PET after electroless copper plating.
Properties of PbO2 Electrode Modified by AEO-7 for Electrocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet
Authors: Fan Ying Ying , Chen Zhen , Liao Deng Hui , Zhu Hong Quan , Lin Qiang
Published: July 2012

In order to improve the performance of PbO2electrode, A kind of surface active agent – AEO-7 was added into nitric acid bath and modified PbO2electrode was prepared on stainless steel substrate by anodic oxidation. The modified variations on surface morphology of the electrodes were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM); The polarization curves, Tafel curves and Cyclic voltammograms of modified and unmodified PbO2electrodes were compared in Crystal violet solution; The electrocatalytic activities were inspected by electrocatalytic degradation of crystal violet. It was found that the modified electrode showed higher oxygen evolution potential, better corrosion resistance, and more excellent electrocatalytic activity than the unmodified electrode.
Fabrication of Thinner Anodic Aluminum Oxide Based Microchannels
Authors: Hasan Mahadi , Kasi Ajab Khan , Kasi Jafar Khan , Afzulpurkar Nitin , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Sripumkhai Witsaroot
Published: July 2012

When thickness of a membrane reduces its mechanical properties go down but thinner the membrane better the performance of the membrane in terms of filtration. In this research we fabricated a fluid filtration system with a very thin anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The system consists of microchannels at one side of membrane while other side is flat. For both sides inlet and outlet are given. The system can facilitate two types of fluid to flow at two sides of membrane for filtration. The membrane thickness achieved was 4 μm. The average pore diameter was 50 nm. The nanopores inside the membrane are highly straight and perpendicular to the surface. The fabricated channel and wall width was 200 µm and 100 µm successively. The pillars in between microchannels hold the membrane which is termed as partial freestanding alumina (PFA) and thereby retain desired mechanical properties of the membrane. The system was tested for diffusion between DI water and salted water. The DI water was flowed in channels and salted water on other side of membrane. The pH value of DI water changed after flow. Due to channel walls, AAO membrane fabricated in this system can tolerate more pressure which leads it to be used for convective flow by applying higher pressure gradient.
Removal of Ammonia from a Biologically Treated Pesticide Wastewater by Struvite Precipitation
Authors: Chu Khim Hoong , Feng Xiao , Kim Eui Yong
Published: July 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate ammonia removal from the effluent of a full-scale biofilm reactor treating pesticide wastewater through the formation of struvite (MgNH4PO4•6H2O). The requirement of magnesium and phosphate ions for precipitation was met by adding MgO and Na2HPO4. Different NH4+:Mg2+:PO43- molar ratios were tested in batch reactors to optimize the precipitation conditions. Ammonia was reduced to 25 mg/L from an initial concentration of 210 mg/L at the highest ratio tested (1:1.2:1.3), equating to 88% removal. However, the extent of ammonia removal was only slightly affected when the N:Mg ratio was reduced from 1:1.2 to 1:0.6; dropping to 83% from 88% on a percentage basis. Struvite precipitation can be easily incorporated within the existing post-treatment section of the full-scale plant, providing the pesticide manufacturing facility with a reliable backup process for its nitrification system.
The Modification of Natural Zeliote and its Application of the Drinking Water
Authors: Zhang Jin Rui , Li Jing , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2012

As a kind of rich resources and cheap materials, natural zeolites because of its unique adsorptive characteristics were widely used in drinking water purification at present. The paper introduced the modification methods of natural zeolites mainly acid or alkali, salt, heat treatment, change silicon aluminium and etc. And introduces the application of zeolite in drinking water purification mainly include: fluoride, ammonia nitrogen and deferrizers and etc.
Treatment of the OCC Pulping Wastewater Using SBR Cycle Control
Authors: Li Jun , Guan Xiu Qiong , Liu Chun
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT. SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) was investigated for the treatment of OCC pulping wastewater in this paper. This study includes the design of the SBR device and its control system, the test of start-up of the SBR, running of the reactor by treating the wastewater. During the start-up process the activated sludge was cultured and acclimated. After acclimation the removal efficiency of CODcr can reach around 80%. Following investigations were focused on evaluation of the treatment efficiency and the reactive cycle during running the SBR. The experimental results showed that the running parameters of SBR reaction system were Fill 2.0 h, React 12.0 h, Settle 1.0~2.0 h, Drain 0.5h, Idle 4.0h. Under these conditions the removal rate of COD can reach 94%. So the performance of SBR for the wastewater was satisfactory as the wastewater had 1500~2500mg/l of COD. The cyclic operation of SBR used in this study proved more effective in treating the wastewater.
An Instance about Juice Wastewater Treatment with UASB and Bio-Contact Oxidation and Coagulation and Floatation Process
Authors: Yu Hai Jing , Li Hezhang
Published: July 2012

Abstract. UASB, bio-contact oxidation, coagulation and floating process was adopted in treatment of juice wastewater. Operation results show that when the main pollutants of COD, BOD and SS in the influent were 6033 mg•L-1, 2512 mg•L-1 and 2200mg•L-1, the effluent could reach 63 mg•L-1, 25 mg•L-1 and 29 mg•L-1, respectively, with the removal rate of 99.0 %, 99.0 %, 98.7 %. The effluent reached the I-class criteria specified in Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) (COD < 60 mg•L-1, BOD < 20 mg•L-1, SS < 20 mg•L-1). The process provides a practical reference for the similar high concentration organic wastewater treatment processing.
Experimental Research on Profile Control Technology Using Sewage Flowed Back from Injecting-Polymer Wells
Authors: Cai Zhi Feng , Cao Guang Sheng , Cheng Shao Wei
Published: July 2012

With the amount of injecting-polymer wells in Xingnan SS block of Daqing Oilfield increasing gradually, a lot of problems, such as the treatment and use of sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells, need to be solved. The concentrations of gelling agent, cross-linking agent, and regulators have been optimized by measuring gelling strength and gelling time. The additives about pH modifier and deoxidizer have been selected. As a result, the formula system of profile control using sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells has been formed, realizing reuse of sewage, reaching the goal of improving oil recovery. The research in this paper not only solves the problem of re-injecting sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells, making full use of resources, but saves costs, improving economic benefits.
Resource Utilization of Electronic Waste Plastic
Authors: Xia Shi De , Xie Gang , Wang Jie Hong , Tian Lin
Published: July 2012

In the paper, electronic waste plastic and petroleum asphalt were used to synthesize plastic asphalt. The effect of polymer content, shearing rate and time on properties of plastic asphalt has been studied. The results show that softening point and ductility of plastic asphalt can reach optimal values at condition of polymer content 6%, shearing rate 3 kr/min, shearing time 40 min and initiator of potassium persulfate.
Adsorption of Congo Red on AB-8 Macroporous Resin
Authors: Zhai Xin Dong , Wu Jie Yan
Published: July 2012

Waste water containing Congo red in industrial production has caused many serious environmental problems worldwide. In this paper, AB-8 macroporous resin was used to remove Congo red from an aqueous solution by adsorption technique under varying conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation time, temperature and initial concentration. The results show the adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo-second-order model. It was found that the equilibrium data was better represented by the Freundlich isotherm model.
Promotion Effects of Metal Oxides on the Ag/Al2O3 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with C3H6
Authors: Shi Xin Yu , Yang Yan , Tan Zhi Dou
Published: July 2012

The transition-metal oxide(ZrO2, Fe2O3) and rare earth-metal oxide(La2O3, CeO2) promoted Ag/Al2O3 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6 were investigated. These catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed desorption of NO and O2 (NO-TPD and O2-TPD), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. The BET result indicates the ZrO2 promoted sample possesses larger surface area, and the TPD analysis demonstrates the dispersity and amount of adsorbed NO and O2 are improved, both the results are favorable for the catalytic activity, which can be attributed to the synergic interaction between zirconia promoter and alumina support shown in the XRD pattern.
The Research on Treating Waste Water Containing Copper by HAP
Authors: Gao Lin Xia , Li Zhu , Wang Mei , Huang Lei , Pi Ke Wu , Wei Xuan
Published: July 2012

In this experiment, the copper-containing wastewater was adsorbed by HAP which was prepared by high temperature calcination after high temperature cooking fish scales. By the single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, the optimal conditions were as follows: the initial concentration of copper ion was 200mg/L,the dosage of HAP was 0.2g,the reaction time was 30min,and pH was 5. The maximum removal efficiency was 98.23%.
Preparation of Alkali-Treaded Fly Ash Adsorbent and its Application for Cd2+ Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Bei Gang , Zhao Li Yuan , Wang Chen
Published: July 2012

The modified fly ash (MFA) was prepared by calcining raw coal fly (FA) ash with Na2CO3 at high temperature. The preparation conditions of MFA and Effects of important parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, pH and temperature on the sorption were researched, respectively. MFA obtained at calcining temperature of 550°C and FA/Na2CO3 mass ratio of 12 shows the effective removal for Cd2+ from aqueous solution, and the maximum removal was close to 100% with the adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L, initial Cd2+ concentration of 200 mg/L at 25°C. The adsorption kinetics of Cd2+ on MFA followed the pseudo-second-order model well and adsorption processes might be mainly controlled by intra-particle diffusion. The sorption is favourable at high temperature and the adsorption apparent activation energy was 68.08 kJ/mol which indicates the chemical nature of the adsorption.
Comparative Study on Anti-Fouling Properties and Application of Two PVDF Blend Membranes in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Huang Jian Ping , Shao Yu Min , Liu Li Li , Ma Chun Yan
Published: July 2012

The filtration experiments of two PVDF blending membranes were performed. The critical fluxes of PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU blend membranes were measured by the flux-step method. Then tubular membrane module PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU were used to treat alcohol wastewater. The anti-fouling properties of PVDF/TPU membrane module were better than those of PVDF/PMMA membrane module. The critical fluxes of PVDF/PMMA and PVDF/TPU membrane modules were 24 L/(m2∙h) and 22 L/(m2∙h), respectively. In the alcohol wastewater treatment, TMP and SJ of the tested membranes remained stable during this period and membrane module B was more stable than membrane module A. The CODCr removal rates of two membrane modules reached 48% and 58%, respectively. And the UV254removal rates were 18% and 19%, respectively. Both the turbidity removal efficiency were more than 97% and the average effluent values were below 0.10NTU.
Adsorption of Mn2+ Ion in Groundwater with Modified Bentonite
Authors: Liu Chun Hua , Xia Chang Bin
Published: July 2012

The adsorption of Mn2+ion on natural bentonite heated-treated at 110 °C or 200 °C and on acid-treated with H2SO4from aqueous solutions has been investigated under different conditions,such as intial solution pH and initial Mn2+ion concentration.The results show that modified bentonite has a better adsorption capability,and the pH value is the main factor affecting adsorption;bentonite modified at higher temperature has the largest adsorption capability.The adsorption process in solution exhibits Langmuir behaviour and ion exchange and surface complex are chief adsorption form.
Response Surface Modeling of Basic Blue 71 Removal from Aqueous Solution by N,O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan
Authors: Chen Zhen , Chen Qing Chun , Li Yan
Published: July 2012

Abstract: N,O-carboxymethyl chitosans (N,O-CMC) were synthesized using water as a solvent. The structure of N,O-CMC is characterized by IR and XRD. N,O-CMC was used as adsorbent for the removal of basic blue 71 dye based on response surface methodology (RSM) from aqueous solution. A standard RSM design named central composite design (CCD) was employed for experimental design and analysis of the results. The combined effect of pH, contact time and temperature on the dye removal was studied and optimized using response surface modeling. The optimum pH, temperature and contact time for the process were found to be 8, 10 °C, 140 min, respectively, and the corresponding dye removal was 100%.
Influence of Reductants on the Catalytic Properties of Nano-Gold Supported on Mesoporous SBA-15 for Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Wang Chao Xian , Li Yong Xiu , Liu Hui , Ye Long Wei , Sun Chang Yong , Fang Yi Wen , Song Yi Bing
Published: July 2012

Impregnation and deposition-precipitation (DP) methods were employed for the preparation of Au nanoparticles supported on SBA-15, and the influences of various reductants were systematically surveyed. The dispersion and particle size of gold loaded on SBA-15 were determined by XRD, SEM and TEM. It has been found that reductants have effect on the size and dispersion of Au NPs, resulting in different catalytic properties for aerobic oxidation of glucose. The Au NPs on SBA-15 using KBH4as reductant was approximately 5-6 nm, which exhibited excellent catalytic activity.
Research Advances on Medical Wastewater Disinfection Technologies
Authors: Yang Xue Hong , Yu Bo , Wu Chun
Published: July 2012

Disinfection is essential for medical wastewater treatment. Concerns about environmental safety, pathogenic microorganisms need to be killed by qualified disinfectant without secondary pollution from medical wastewater treatment. Traditional chlorination is a main technique among current disinfection technologies. However, due to the hazardous byproducts, it is likely to be replaced by new technologies such as ultraviolet ray. In addition, membrane disinfection and electrochemical disinfection are emerging techniques with prosperous market.
The Research of Extracting Hippuric Acid from Breeding Wastewater
Authors: Chen Qian Lin , Guo Yu , Guo Na
Published: July 2012

Hippuric acid as an important raw material used to synthesize medication and coloring matter, abound in urine of much animal, especially in cattle. Hippuric acid usually is letted into river and soil with the urine. But as its chemical stability, hippuric acid couldn’t be decomposed easily and pollute the environment. This research finds effectively liquid membrane to treat with such waste water such as breeding wastewater that contains high hippuric acid. In our study, the best liquid membrane was found by searching what and how much surface active agents and carrier are suitable, pH of out-water of the liquid membrane and concentration of NaOH in the in-water of liquid membrane. As the outcome shown, the best prescription is surface active agent T-151(2% mass fraction), liquid carrier TBP( 4% mass fraction), pH of out-water 2.0, concentration of NaOH in the in-water 0.50mol/L. Under the condition, extraction rate of hippuric acid from breeding wastewater can reach more than 98% during 9min.
The Research and Application of Reclamation Technology in Complex Matrix of VA Mycorrhiza on Coal Mine Abandoned Wasteland
Authors: Zhou Hong Ying , Xu Guo Xiang
Published: July 2012

The exploitation of coal resources will lead to land damage and the emission of solid wastes, and will also lead to structural differences in mining wasteland, nutrient poor, low microbial activity, and vegetation planting difficult, causing serious environmental problems. Draw sludge into mine waste, construct different weight ratio of sludge, coal gangue and fly ash mining complex matrix, study the effect on the physical and chemical properties of composite matrix in mine lot which affected by mycorrhizal fungi through the soil property recover experiment of host plants inoculated with mycorrhizal clover ochratoxin, CIT. Preliminary studies show that inoculate mycorrhizal fungi and add appropriate amount of sludge can improve the matrix fertility in mine site, increase soil microbial activity and accelerate the process of mining land reclamation.
Research on Coal Chemical Wastewater Treatment by Nano-TiO2 Powder Photocatalytic Oxidation Process
Authors: Xu Pei Yao , Chu Xiu Jie , Li Yan Qing , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2012

Abstract. With TiO2 as photocatalyst, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) as oxidant, treated the coal chemical wastewater under the condition of 30W UV lamp irradiation. Discussed the effects of those factors—pH, dosage of TiO2 powder, dosage of FeCl3, dosage of H2O2 and illumination time etc. on Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) removal rate of wastewater. The results have shown that: when taking the pH of raw water, TiO2 0.2g per 100ml wastewater, FeCl3 0.01g per 100ml wastewater, H2O2 1.2 ml per 100ml wastewater, 5h illumination time, quiet place 3h, acquired the best photocatalytic effect. After treated under the optimum technological conditions, the COD removal rate reached 70.09%; the removal rate of Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD5), ammonia nitrogen, cyanide and color reached respectively to 58.60%、39.99%, 72.41% and 90%. After repeated 10 times, all the active of TiO2 was almost lost. With the regeneration treatment by high-temperature cauterization, the regenerated catalyst was added into the raw wastewater. Then under the optimum technological conditions, after illuminated 7h, the COD removal rate of wastewater recovered to 49.47%.
Study on Automobile Painting-Wastewater Treatment with the Process Technology of Pretreatment-Air Flotation-SBR
Authors: Tian Yu Ping , Kong Shuang Shuang
Published: July 2012

Wastewater from automobile painting is characterized by complicated composition, high level of CODCrand poor biodegradability. In this experiment, it combines the physic-chemical method with the biological method together. At first, it pretreats the degreased wastewater and painting wastewater with chemical agents, after which the removal rate of the degreased wastewater is more than 50% and that of the painting wastewater is 60~80%. Then, the effluents together with electrophoresis wastewater were treated by the coagulation-flotation and SBR process technology, after which the removal rate of CODCrcan reach over 80%, so as to achieve the primary standards (CODCr≤100mg/L; pH=7.0~7.5) of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).
Comparison of Principal Factors between China Actual Environmental Risk (CAER) and China Zero Environmental Risk (CZER): Project Angle
Authors: Liu Chang Qing
Published: July 2012

Studies on comparison of principal factors between CAER (China Actual Environmental Risk) and CZER (China Zero Environmental Risk) from Project Angle are seldom found, so we studied the theme above in this thesis. By analysis, we have known that on one hand, there are such aspects in common as projects for resources excavation, and refinement, etc., projects for primary industries, other non-living projects, waste disposal, and general management between CAER and CZER. On the other hand, they are different in such aspects as chemical engineering projects and living projects only for CAER, and energy projects and public construction projects only for CZER. And our related advice is as follows: first, strict management on production of waste from such projects as public construction projects, resources excavation and refinement, natural resources, projects for primary industries, and other non-living projects. Secondly great encouragement to environment-friendly technological innovations in waste disposal, etc..
Low-Energy Preparation Method and Characterization of Insulated Sandwich Panel from Rigid PU Foam Wastes
Authors: Pan Xiao Yong , Liu Yong , Yao Guo Hong , Peng Ling
Published: July 2012

This article introduces a low-energy preparation method of the insulated sandwich panel from rigid Polyurethane foam wastes through three technological processes of foam cutting, mixture of particles and adhesive, and curing and moulding. It is featured by curing at normal temperature, low energy consumption and simple technologies due to the application of adhesive with the main composition of unsaturated resin that cures at normal temperature. The mechanical property, moisture permeability and thermal insulation of finished products depend on the size and dosage of foam particles and adhesive consumption. Results of tensile test, moisture-permeability test and coefficient of thermal conductivity test on different samples show that the effect of foam particle size can be neglected because it has less influence on the tensile strength, moisture permeability and thermal insulation of insulated sandwich panel; that the tensile strength increases with more foam particles and adhesive used; that the dosage of adhesive is also negligible when its effect on moisture permeability and thermal insulation is evaluated, while the moisture permeability and thermal insulation increase with more foam particles used.
Kinetic and Equilibrium of Biosorption of Methylene Blue by Anaerobic Granular Sludge in Wastewater
Authors: Xu Hong Ying , Zhang Chan
Published: July 2012

With anaerobic granular sludge as adsorbent, the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was studied by batch adsorption technique.The pseudo-first order, pseudo- second order models and Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms models were used to describe the kinetic data.The experimental results show that the anaerobic granular sludge had strong and fast speed adsorption capacity for MB adsorption in wastewater. The adsorption equilibrium could be reached in 2h, and the maximum adsorption rate was 98.6%. the pseudo-second order equation is the best model that describes the adsorption behavior.The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir isotherms and the equilibrium adsorption was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The calculation values of thermodynamic parameters present that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature.Our results suggest the anaerobic granular sludge is a potential MB cleaner in wastewater.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by Ammonia over Fe-ZSM-5 Catalyst
Authors: Ma Luo Ning , Qu Hong Xia , Zhong Qin , Zhang Jie , Tang Qi Sheng
Published: July 2012

Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method under different levels of iron loading. The result of XRD and TG/DTA showed that Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts were successfully obtained after calcination at 550 °C. The effects of Si/(Fe+Al) and Fe/Al ratio on the SCR performance of Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst were investigated in a simulated flue gas. When Si/(Fe+Al)=20 and Fe:Al=20 Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity. Under the condition of 210 °C, [NH3]/[NO] of 1.2, [O2] of 6 vol%, [NOx] of 900×10-6, Si/(Fe+Al)=20 and Fe/Al=1, NOx conversion exceeds 98%. Besides, Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst was excellently resistant to SO2 and H2O in the SCR reaction.
Adsorption Characteristics of Four Acid Dyes on Reaming Functionalized Mesoporous Material
Authors: Ge Ping , Li Feng Ting , Yang Hong
Published: July 2012

The present paper is aimed to investigate and develop renewable adsorption methods for four dyes removal from wastewater using pore-expanding mesoporous material. The sorption kinetics, sorption thermodynamic and the renewable adsorption test were evaluated. The adsorption process attained equilibrium within 60min, which show that the adsorbent can remove of the dye in a short time. It was shown that the process best described by the pseudo-second-order equation. Various thermodynamic activation parameters such as enthalpy of sorption △H, Gibbs energy change △G and entropy △S were estimated. The negative values of △G indicate that adsorption of dye with the adsorbent was spontaneous, while positive △H values indicative of endothermic nature of the adsorption. The negative △S values for the adsorbents show decreased randomness at the solid solution interface during the adsorption of dye. The adsorbent, washed by NaOH, can be reused by regeneration decolorizing process.
Decolorization of Reactive Dye Wastewater by Electrocoagulation
Authors: Huang Xu , Zhang Wei Dong
Published: July 2012

Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical technique for treating polluted effluent, such as dye wastewater. In this paper, Remazol Brilliant Blue R was decolorized by electrocoagulation method used iron electrode. The operating cost was also considered to confirm the optimum operation conditions. High decolorization efficiency (>99%) for Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye solution was obtained with 15mA cm-2 of current density, 10min of electrolysis time, pH 6 and 500mg l-1 dye concentration.
Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions by Ion-Exchange Resin
Authors: Li Zhen Yu , Hu Shuang
Published: July 2012

The adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions using weakly basic ion-exchange resin D301 was studied in this work. The result showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) was strongly dependent on pH, the optimum condition was investigated at pH 2 and the maximum adsorption capacity was 247.71 mg g-1. The equilibrium datas were ﬁtted well with Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order rate equation was best represented by the adsorption process.
Research Progress on Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Agricultural Waste Materials
Authors: Zhang Wei Jiang , Hu Jing Bo , Xu Jiao , Li Yun Hui
Published: July 2012

This article has described the biosorption of heavy metal ions using agricultural wastes as a potential adsorbent. The modified methods, the characterization methods, the parameters influence, the adsorption kinetics, the adsorption isotherms, the adsorption thermodynamics and the regeneration of biosorbents have also been discussed. Moreover, the future development of biosorbents has been prospected.
Effect of Flavone from Forestry Waste C.Cathayensis Exocarp on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Crops
Authors: Chen Xiang Ming
Published: July 2012

Using six kinds of concentration (ranged from 0.0 to 2.0mg.L-1) of flavone extract from C.cathayensis exocarp treats corn, soybean, wheat and mung bean seedlings, in order to study the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 on the seedling leaf. Results show that effects of flavone extract (0.1-0.5mg.L-1) increase content of the chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, promote photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, proper increase cell gap inside the CO2 concentration.0.1mg.L-1 treatment effect is the most obvious compare with the control, the total chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate increase by 20.9 % and 21% respectively; More than 0.5mg.L-1, the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate decrease, the intercellular CO2 rapid increase. Research shows that, the appropriate concentration of flavone can increase the chlorophyll content in the leaf, promote stomatal opening, increase of intracellular CO2 supply, improve leaf photosynthesis efficiency.
Non-Metal Doped Pd/CNTs Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Wang Hong Juan , Zheng Jia Dao , Zhu Li Li , Peng Feng , Yu Hao
Published: July 2012

Phosphorus and boron-doped palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (P-Pd/CNTs and B-Pd/CNTs, respectively) were prepared and evaluated for oxygen reduction reactivity (ORR) in alkaline environments. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EMPA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ORR activity, methanol tolerance, and durability of the prepared catalysts were evaluated in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M potassium hydroxide electrolytes via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) on rotating disk electrodes. The mechanisms and kinetics of ORR were discussed. The results show that P-Pd/CNTs exhibit higher ORR activity than B-Pd/CNTs and Pd/CNTs, higher methanol tolerance than commercial Pt/C, and excellent durability with 90% of the original activity maintained after 1000 voltage cycles. The ORR on P-Pd/CNTs proceeds via a 4-electron reduction process with O2 reduced to H2O directly, during which the rate-determining step is charge transfer at low overpotential and then changes to mass transport at high overpotential.
Treatment of Poly-Containing Wastewater with Combined Process of Immobilized Microorganism
Authors: Liu Jiong Hong , Pan Yang , Xu Rui Dan , Wang Yuan Ying , Sun Hong
Published: July 2012

In order to further improve the effect on microbe degrading polyacrylamide(HPAM), this paper presented combined process of the microbial degradation of poly-containing wastewater, the innovation of this paper was added to the combination process by immobilized particles, immobilization granules were prepared by the mixed bacterium, simulation experiment on the treatment of poly-containing wastewater was done. Process simulation experiments was divided into components including static and dynamics, biochemical capacity was adjusted by static experiment, wastewater after adjustment was biochemical. After dynamic simulation experiment, the effluent quality indicators tended to be stable after 3d, degradation rate of HPAM was 79.5%, crude oil removal rate was 98.7% and the removal rate of CODCr was 86.4%, which attained the National Secondary Emission Standard.
Research of the Recycled Asphalt 's Rheological Behavior
Authors: Li Jin
Published: July 2012

Analyze the rheology of recycled asphalts used by three rejuvenators：R1、R2、R3，the study of recycled asphalt's rheological behavior adopt BBR(Bending Beam Rheometer) and DSR(Dynamic Shear Rheometer). From the result of experiment：the usage of rejuvenator reduce the asphalt ability of anti-tracking under high temperature, some of them can even recover to the level of fresh asphalt；the mix of rejuvenators improve largely the asphalt ability of resistance to fatigue and the ability of anti-cracking under low temperature.
Preparation of Corncob-Based Bio-Char and its Application in Removing Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fang Run
Published: July 2012

This study presents the preparation of corncob-based bio-char and its application in adsorptive removal of three basic dyes (methylene blue, crystal violet and basic fuchsin) from aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior of basic dyes on bio-char was investigated via batch experiments. Experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency of bio-char increased with increasing solution pH and temperature. Thermodynamic parameters demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption. The dye removal process fitted the Langmuir isotherm well. The adsorption capacity of bio-char for methylene blue, crystal Violet and basic fuchsin at 25°C was calculated to be 126.58, 81.96 and 75.18 mg/g, respectively.
Adsorption of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Chitin
Authors: Wu Chung Hsin , Kuo Chao Yin , Chen Meng Jia
Published: July 2012

This study utilizes chitin to remove dissolved Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of the dissolved Cu(II) concentration, chitin dosage, and pH on adsorption of dissolved Cu(II) by chitin are determined. Adsorption capacity for 20 and 80 mg/L dissolved Cu(II) onto chitin (2 g/L) was 3.86 mg/g and 5.12 mg/g, respectively. The dissolved Cu(II) adsorption percentage increased from 39% to 70% when the chitin dosage was increased from 2 g/L to 4 g/L. The linear correlation coefficients of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were obtained. Analytical results demonstrate that the Freundlich isotherm fitted experimental results better than did the Langmuir isotherm. Enthalpy (ΔH0) and entropy (ΔS0) for dissolved Cu(II) adsorption were 8.46 kJ/mol and 123.1 J/mol.K, respectively.
Heteropolymolybdates-Modified Zirconia as a Solid Catalyst for Ring-Open Polymerization of Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Shi Yan Xia , Liang Li Ping , Zhao Yong Xiang
Published: July 2012

Heteropolymolybdates-modified zirconia solid acid catalysts were prepared by dispersing molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) on zirconium hydroxide (ZH) and calcining the MPA/ZH materials at 750 °C. The initial loadings of MPA on ZH were 5-25 wt%. The catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption, XRD, FTIR, Py-IR, and NH3-TPD analysis, and they were used as catalysts for the ring-open polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. The results show that, after calcination at 750 °C, the major molybdenum species are zirconia-anchored polymolybdate surface species and ZrMo2O8. The catalysts show both Brönsted and Lewis acidities, and the catalyst with 15% loading has the highest total acidity and catalytic activity because of the near-saturation coverage of the surface molybdenum species on support. Under the reaction conditions of 40 °C for 20 h, the catalyst sample, 15MPZ-750, gives a high polymer yield of 49% and a desirable number average molecular weight of 2262. A preliminary recycle study indicates a good reusability of these materials.
Adsorption Capability of Starch Microspheres Cross-Linked with N, N'-Methylene-Bis-Acrylamide
Authors: Yu Li Li , Yao Lin
Published: July 2012

The crosslinked starch microspheres(CSM) were synthesized from soluble starch by inverse suspension polymerization with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linking agent. Experiments showed that adsorption isotherms of CSM for Cd(II) and Pb(II) could be described by Freundlich model, while that for Cu(II), Cr(III) fits well with Langmuir equation. The equilibrium capacity of Cu(II), Cr(III), Cd(II) and Pb(II) on the CSM were 1.10, 0.87, 0.35 and 0.31 mmol•g-1 respectively at 25°C, when adsorption process was undertaken with initial concentration from 0.7 to 11.5 mmol•L-1, and adsorption kinetics were examined according to the adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the impact bring by other ions to CSM adsorption of Cu(II) were investigated in details.
Research on Management Scheme for Total Amount Control of Groundwater Exploitation in Heping Irrigation District
Authors: Liu Chun Yan , Dai Chang Lei , Lv Ya Jie , Yin Jing , Chen Yan Mei
Published: July 2012

Through analyzing the current water resources environment and current situation of groundwater utilization, the allowable water yield in the study area is calculated to be 11.0×104m3/d by using the water balance method. Then, using the amount as constraint condition, the critical groundwater levels are decided. Furthermore, a management scheme of total amount control of groundwater exploitation is given, which includes 3 aspects: (a) Building the monitoring well system; (b) Establishing the association for water users and water utilization groups; (c) Setting up a whole rewards and punishments regulation. This study is expected to provide scientific references and methods for relevant research.
Research on the Plan for River Ecological Restoration in Cold Region
Authors: Xu Shi Guo , Liu Yu Yu , Qiang Pan Pan , Liu Han , Gao Yong Min
Published: July 2012

Due to the sustainable development of river system has been threatened, as the ecological function was decayed; more attention has been paid to the improvement of ecological environment, one prominent example is the river regulation and its environment construction. Besides flood protection, river can also create the plentiful habitat and unique regional culture by optimizing river regulation pattern. Therefore, the research on how to restore damaged river ecosystems to healthy status has become one of the important environmental issues urgent to be solved. Functional regionalization is the prerequisite for appropriate restoration, which can provide scientific basis for the goal of ecological restoration. In this paper, the Songhua River in Harbin is selected as a study case. Based on the theories of ecological function regionalization and the current situation of the Songhua River area, four-dimensional structure planning on the spatio-temporal scale of river corridor is developed in this paper, including longitudinal, lateral, vertical and temporal dimension. Considering the Songhua River area has typicality of characters in different time, with distinct four seasons, and the winter is very long, a detailed study and deeply analysis is discussed, then, measures for restoration and management are put forward.
Ionic Liquid Mediated Aluminium Sulfate: Highly Effective Catalyst for Synthesis of the Acetalization Reaction
Authors: Lin Qi , Zheng Hui Rong , Wang Li Wei , Chen Yi Ting
Published: July 2012

The acetalization reaction of ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) with 1,2-propanediol (PPO) was performed efficiently in ionic liquid using aluminium sulfate as catalyst. The synergistic effect between aluminium sulphate and ionic liquid [bmim]BF4 on the acetalization was observed. An EAA conversion of 89.6% with the fructone selectivity of above 99.0% was achieved under the optimized reaction conditions. After the reaction was completed, the products could be easily separated from the reaction mixture extracted by dimethyl ether, and the catalyst and ionic liquid could be directly recycled several times without a significant decrease in the activity and selectivity towards fructone.
Uncertainty Analysis of Flood Forecasting in River Channel
Authors: Hao Qun , Sun Ying Na , Jiang Ning
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the stochastic differential equations theory was used to analyze the uncertainty of flood forecasting in river channel based on the forward algorithm of linear characteristic. And then a river channel flood forecasting model, in which the coefficient of storage and discharge was regarded as a random variable, was built. The statistical characteristics of outflow process could be taken part in theory by the built river channel flood forecasting model when the coefficient of storage obeyed a kind of normal distribution. Storage coefficient is random variable in the model. The results showed that the uncertainty degree of outflow process could be made through considering the uncertainty of river channel flood forecasting, which would provide some references for making decision in flood control.
Discussion on Permafrost Hazards of Railway Engineering and Prevention Measures: A Case Study on Qinghai-Tibet Railway
Authors: Feng Xi Zhou , Liu Zheng Ping
Published: July 2012

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) is the highest and longest plateau railway in permafrost region in the world. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway in permafrost area locates in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which belongs to a low latitude, high altitude permafrost area. In this area, that the poor thermal stability, high ice content, and many other complex factors seriously impacts survey and design of The Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Permafrost is a special soil, it has many features different from the ordinary soil. And permafrost thawing layer has seasonal freezing-thawing process every year, along with a few of adverse geological phenomenon, which results in a series of engineering problems. This paper introduces the basic characteristics of permafrost along Qinghai-Tibet Railway, expounds the permafrost hazards of railway engineering, such as frost heaving, freeze thawing, frost boiling of roadbed, thaw collapse and mud flow, bridge foundation frost heaving and thaw settlement, deformation and cracking, culvert foundation freeze-thaw deformation, tunnel lining frost heaving and so on. Briefly analyzes the influence mechanism of permafrost to railway engineering. And then, proposes a temporary prescript for the railway engineering in different type of permafrost area. It is that each engineering in different area has to adopt different design concept and different prevention measures. At last, proposes the prevention measures and suggestions for the railway engineering in the permafrost region, such as reasonable control of embankment height, rubble air-cooled embankment, crushed stone slope protection with thermal insulation subgrade, heat pipe subgrade, ventilating pipe subgrade and so on.
Study on Formation Mechanism of High-Fluoride Groundwater in Guide Basin
Authors: Li Sheng Tao , Shi Wei Dong , Zhang Yang , Zhang Sen Qi , Shang Xiao Gang
Published: July 2012

As high-fluoride poisoning is widespread in Guide Basin, formation mechanism study is of significance for local water quality improvement. Through analysis of regional geology, tectonics and petrography, the provenances are confirmed that metamorphic rocks from Archean to Lower Proterozoic periods are the original provenance of fluorine and the Miocene - Pliocene Guide Group stratum of fine lake sediments, which is rich in organic matter, is the secondary provenance. Moreover, confined groundwater occurring in the Guide Group stratum, which has a fluoride content of 0.32~4.57mg/L, is the main groundwater of high fluoride in the study area. The distribution of confined groundwater obviously controlled by the compression-tortion fault with NNW striking and tension-shear fault with NEE striking forms two abnormal centers. The anomaly area spreads around the NEE shear and forms an ellipse shape, which has a north-south width of 5km and a east-west length of approximately 10km. In further study, the distribution characteristics of high-fluoride groundwater in the plane is discovered generally to be consistent with the distribution of groundwater, and has a positive correlation with depth and temperature of boreholes. This phenomenon indicates that the high-fluoride groundwater is likely controlled by the geothermal anomaly, and the geological effects of thermal dynamics may play an important role in the control of fluorine in enrichment, migration and transformation.
Application of Comprehensive Method on Groundwater Exploration in Bedrock Mountain Area in Huishui County in Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhang Feng Long , Li Yong Li , Bai Yu Chun , Qi Fu Li
Published: July 2012

By analyzing the collecting data comprehensively, carrying out a field reconnaissance and the Application of comprehensive method in on Groundwater Exploration in Bedrock mountain area in Huishui town in Guizhou province using the hydrogeological method, major work in the research area is introduced in this paper. According to lithological characteristics and structure development, the geophysical exploration method was selected and workload was arranged reasonably. Thereby the best well location was optimized and the depth of well was determined. They provided detailed and reliable geologic basis for launching hydrogeological drilling. This method was economical and practical. The well was located with high speed and high efficiency. This method played an important role in the regional emergence groundwater exploration in drought control.