bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reporting quality in preclinical animal experimental research in 2009 and 2018: A nationwide systematic investigation
Authors: Kousholt Birgitte S. , Præstegaard Kirstine F. , Stone Jennifer C. , Thomsen Anders Fick , Johansen Thea Thougaard , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel , Wegener Gregers
Published: November 2022

Lack of translation and irreproducibility challenge preclinical animal research. Insufficient reporting methodologies to safeguard study quality is part of the reason. This nationwide study investigates the reporting prevalence of these methodologies and scrutinizes the reported information’s level of detail. Publications were from two time periods to convey any reporting progress and had at least one author affiliated to a Danish University. We retrieved all relevant animal experimental studies using a predefined research protocol and a systematic search. A random sampling of 250 studies from 2009 and 2018 led to 500 publications in total. Reporting of measures known to impact study results estimates were assessed. Part I discloses a simplified two-level scoring “yes/no” to identify the presence of reporting. Part II demonstrates an additional three-level scoring to analyze the reported information’s level of detail. Overall reporting prevalence is low, although minor improvements are noted. Reporting of randomization increased from 24.0% in 2009 to 40.8% in 2018, blinded experiment conduct from 2.4% to 4.4%, blinded outcome assessment from 23.6% to 38.0%, and sample size calculation from 3.2% to 14.0%. Poor reporting of details is striking with reporting of the random allocation method to groups being only 1.2% in 2009 and 6.0% in 2018. Reporting of sample size calculation method was 2.4% in 2009 and 7.6% in 2018. Only conflict-of-interest statements reporting increased from 37.6% in 2009 to 90.4%. Measures safeguarding study quality are poorly reported in publications affiliated with Danish research institutions. Only a modest improvement was noted during the period 2009–2018, and the lack of details urgently prompts institutional strategies to accelerate this. We suggest thorough teaching in designing, conducting and reporting animal studies. Education in systematic review methodology should be implemented in this training and will increase motivation and behavior working towards quality improvements in science.
The relationship between positive youth development and internet gaming disorder in Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Gan Xiong , Qin Ke-nan , Li Min , Li Hao , Jin Xin , Yu Cheng-fu
Published: November 2022

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a social problem that cannot be ignored. Considerable research has shown that IGD can impede the healthy physical and mental development of adolescents. Based on positive youth development theory and stage-environment fit theory, the current study explored the mediating effect of depression and the moderating effect of gender to determine the association between positive youth development (PYD) and IGD. A sample of 1970 Chinese adolescents aged 11–18 years (1021 boys, 940 girls, and 10 unidentifiable individuals) completed questionnaires related to PYD, depression, IGD, and their background information. The results revealed that PYD negatively predicted IGD. After controlling for gender and age, this study found that depression mediated the relationship between PYD and IGD. Furthermore, gender moderated the relationship between depression and IGD. Boys with depressive symptoms were more likely to indulge in IGD than girls. This research contributes to a more thorough understanding of how PYD decreases the risk of IGD. These findings suggest that cultivating PYD attributes is a promising approach to prevent or reduce depression and IGD among adolescents in mainland China.
Research on cognitive evaluation of forest color based on visual behavior experiments and landscape preference
Authors: Lin Wenyue , Mu Yanxia , Zhang Zhe , Wang Jin , Diao Xiuli , Lu Zijing , Guo Wencheng , Wang Yu , Xu Bo
Published: November 2022

Forest colors are important elements for public enjoying the scenery. So increasing attention has been acquired on forest color cognition. However researches on relationship between forest colors and public response are still insufficient, which cannot provide sufficient theoretical basis for the regulation of forest landscape in color. Therefore, We seek to examine the relationship between forest color and visual behavior based on eye tracking technology, and further interpret the visual indicators through the value of scenic beauty. This study researched Jiaozi Mountain in China by selecting 29 sampling points, counting up 116 photographs in 4 seasons by a mountainous region. On this basis, Matlab was performed to quantitatively extract color elements, while ArcGIS and Fragstats were applied to extract the spatial index of color patches. A total of 10 indicators were obtained to explain the color characteristics of each forest image. Through both visual behavior experiment and landscape preference evaluation, the results showed that people tend to have different visual behaviors and preference cognition when observing forest colors of different seasonal types. Based on the study of forest landscape color in all seasons, the subjects tend to judge the image in comparison to other seasonal forest landscape color photos to identify it more easily. For a single-season forest colors, diversified color information and abundant visual attention are important factors influencing the correlation between visual behavior, landscape preference, and forest color characteristics. This study aims to further reveal people’s perceptions and psychological preference to forest colors, contribute to the establishment of a more quantitative and scientific scenery evaluation system, and provide a scientific basis for forest color planning and design.
Predicting the aggravation of coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia using chest computed tomography scans
Authors: Yamasaki Yukitaka , Ooka Seido , Matsuoka Shin , Tomita Hayato , Hirose Masanori , Takano Tomonori , Suzuki Shotaro , Imamura Mitsuru , Handa Hiroshi , Nishine Hiroki , Takita Mumon , Minoura Ayu , Morisawa Kenichiro , Inoue Takeo , Mineshita Masamichi , Kawahata Kimito , Takemura Hiromu , Fujitani Shigeki , Kunishima Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Presently, coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is spreading worldwide without an effective treatment method. For COVID-19, which is often asymptomatic, it is essential to adopt a method that does not cause aggravation, as well as a method to prevent infection. Whether aggravation can be predicted by analyzing the extent of lung damage on chest computed tomography (CT) scans was examined. The extent of lung damage on pre-intubation chest CT scans of 277 patients with COVID-19 was assessed. It was observed that aggravation occurred when the CT scan showed extensive damage associated with ground-glass opacification and/or consolidation (p < 0.0001). The extent of lung damage was similar across the upper, middle, and lower fields. Furthermore, upon comparing the extent of lung damage based on the number of days after onset, a significant difference was found between the severe pneumonia group (SPG) with intubation or those who died and non-severe pneumonia group (NSPG) ≥3 days after onset, with aggravation observed when ≥14.5% of the lungs exhibited damage at 3–5 days (sensitivity: 88.2%, specificity: 72.4%) and when ≥20.1% of the lungs exhibited damage at 6–8 days (sensitivity: 88.2%, specificity: 69.4%). Patients with aggravation suddenly developed hypoxemia after 7 days from the onset; however, chest CT scans obtained in the paucisymptomatic phase without hypoxemia indicated that subsequent aggravation could be predicted based on the degree of lung damage. Furthermore, in subjects aged ≥65 years, a significant difference between the SPG and NSPG was observed in the extent of lung damage early beginning from 3 days after onset, and it was found that the degree of lung damage could serve as a predictor of aggravation. Therefore, to predict and improve prognosis through rapid and appropriate management, evaluating patients with factors indicating poor prognosis using chest CT is essential.
Juggling between caregiving and self-actualization: Older parents’ lifelong experience of caring for an adult child with developmental disabilities
Authors: Avieli Hila , Band-Winterstein Tova , Zamir Alon
Published: November 2022

Recently, the number of adults with Developmental Disabilities (DD) who live with their parents has increased. This study aims to explore how parents report retrospectively and interpret their experience in the context of self-actualization in the long-term care of a child with a developmental disability. Four forms of parents’ experiences emerged from the analysis: “This child is my whole world”–Total devotion; “I Can Do Both”—Actualizing personal and familial goals as well as caregiving issues; “It’s a mission, it’s a calling, it’s a full-time job”–Self-actualization through caregiving; and "Disability will not stop me"—Emphasizing self-actualization. While prior studies have created a distinct separation between caregiving and self-actualization, the current study focuses on the complex dynamics of lifelong parental caregiving for a child with DD, illustrating the parents’ ways of actualizing their life goals in the context of caregiving over the years.
Positive and negative actions early in the relationship predict later interactions among toddlers
Authors: Lahat Ayelet , Lou Zhangjing , Perlman Michal , Howe Nina , Santo Jonathan B. , Recchia Holly E. , Bukowski William M. , Ross Hildy S.
Published: November 2022

Very little is known about the role of early interactions in the development of peer relationships among toddlers. The present study examined whether behaviors early in the formation of toddler relationships predict interactions later in their relationships. Twenty-eight unfamiliar 20- and 30-month-old toddlers from a predominately European background met separately with each of two other toddlers for 18 playdates. Both positive and negative behaviors at the beginning of the relationship predicted a higher frequency of games later in the relationship. Positive behaviors at the beginning of the relationship predicted fewer conflicts later in the relationship. Negative behaviors at the beginning predicted more conflicts later in the relationship. These findings suggest that toddlers’ behaviors, when they initially meet, underlie the pathway in which their relationship develops.
Effect of Multimodal Intervention (computer based cognitive training, diet and exercise) in comparison to health awareness among older adults with Subjective Cognitive Impairment (MISCI-Trial)—A Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Chatterjee Prasun , Kumar Deepa Anil , Naqushbandi Sana , Chaudhary Preeti , Khenduja Preetika , Madan Swati , Fatma Sobia , Khan Maroof A. , Singh Vishwajeet
Published: November 2022

Introduction

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of multimodal intervention on the cognitive functions of older adults with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI).

Materials and methods

Sixty subjects were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive either computer based cognitive therapy (CBCT) or CBCT+Mediterranean equivalent diet (MED) or CBCT+MED+ Exercise regime and the control group. The intervention group received supervised CBCT twice a week to have 40 sessions, each of 40 minutes duration, and/ or supervised aerobic and resistive exercise twice a week for 24 weeks and or MED at home under the supervision of a dietician. The control group was provided with health awareness instructions for brain stimulating activities such as sudoku, mental maths, and learning music and new skills.

Results

Cognitive functions which was the primary outcome measure were assessed using the Post Graduate Institute Memory Scale (PGI-MS), and Stroop Colour and Word Test at baseline and after 6 months intervention period. As assessed by the PGI-MS, there was significant improvement in domains such as mental balance, attention and concentration, delayed recall, immediate recall, verbal retention of dissimilar pairs, Visual retention, and total score both in the unimodal and multimodal intervention groups. However, the improvement was observed to be the highest in the multimodal intervention group as compared to unimodal group. All the participants completed the trial.

Conclusion

This pilot randomized control trial indicated that multimodal intervention could be an effective non-pharmacological intervention in individuals with SCI for improving their cognitive functions.
Contextual factors and spatial trends of childhood malnutrition in Zambia
Authors: Phiri Million , Mulemena David , Kalinda Chester , Odhiambo Julius Nyerere
Published: November 2022

Background

Understanding the national burden and epidemiological profile of childhood malnutrition is central to achieving both national and global health priorities. However, national estimates of malnutrition often conceal large geographical disparities. This study examined the prevalence of childhood malnutrition across provinces in Zambia, changes over time, and identified factors associated with the changes.

Methods

We analyzed data from the 2013/4 and 2018 Zambia demographic and health surveys (ZDHS) to examine the spatial heterogeneity and mesoscale correlates of the dual burden of malnutrition in children in Zambia. Maps illustrating the provincial variation of childhood malnutrition were constructed. Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with childhood malnutrition in 2013 and 2018 were assessed independently using a multivariate logistic model.

Results

Between 2013/4 and 2018, the average prevalence of stunting decreased from 40.1% (95% CI: 39.2–40.9) to 34.6% (95% CI:33.6–35.5), wasting decreased from 6.0% (95% CI: 5.6–6.5) to 4.2% (95% CI: 3.8–4.7), underweight decreased from 14.8% (95% CI: 14.1–15.4) to 11.8% (95% CI: 11.2–12.5) and overweight decreased from 5.7% (95% CI: 5.3–6.2) to 5.2% (95% CI: 4.8–5.7). High variability in the prevalence of childhood malnutrition across the provinces were observed. Specifically, stunting and underweight in Northern and Luapula provinces were observed in 2013/14, whereas Lusaka province had a higher degree of variability over the two survey periods.

Conclusion

The study points to key sub-populations at greater risk and provinces where malnutrition was prevalent in Zambia. Overall, these results have important implications for nutrition policy and program efforts to reduce the double burden of malnutrition in Zambia.
Dietary parameters in patients with drug allergy: Assessing dietary inflammatory index
Authors: Dias de Castro Eunice , Paredes Sílvia , Pinhão Sílvia , Cernadas Josefina R. , Ribeiro Laura
Published: November 2022

Background

Research on the increasing incidence of allergic diseases evidenced the role of diet as a potential key factor. Diet can modulate the low-grade systemic inflammation related to obesity and several diseases. There are no published data on drug allergy.

Aim

To investigate a potential association between diet, including dietary inflammatory index (DII), and drug allergy. Also, to evaluate correlations between diet and obesity, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in patients with drug allergy.

Methods

Ninety consecutive patients studied for suspected drug allergy were evaluated in terms of dietary parameters, anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance and biochemical analysis. DII was calculated based on information collected from a food frequency questionnaire.

Results

After diagnostic work-up, 39 patients had confirmed drug allergy and 45 excluded, representing the study group and the control group, respectively. The majority (79%) were female, with mean age of 39.58±13.3 years. The 84 subjects revealed an anti-inflammatory diet pattern. No significative difference was found in DII scores between drug allergic patients and controls (-3.37±0.95 vs -3.39±0.86, p = 0.985). However, the patients with drug allergy revealed higher obesity and inflammatory parameters. A significative negative correlation was found between DII and adiponectin levels, in the control group (r = -0.311, p = 0.040). In the patient group, a significative positive correlation was observed between DII and triglycerides (r = 0.359, p = 0.032). No other correlations were found between DII and the assessed parameters. Patients with drug allergy presented a significative higher intake of mono-unsaturated fatty-acids comparing to controls (19.8±3.7 vs 17.8 ± 4.0, p = 0.021). No other statistically significant differences were achieved in dietary parameters, between patients and controls.

Conclusion

The population assessed in this study revealed an anti-inflammatory diet profile. Although we have found in a previous work that the same patients with drug allergy revealed higher obesity and inflammatory parameters, the DII did not allow to distinguish between patients with drug allergy or controls. The DII scores correlated with triglycerides levels in the drug allergy patients and inversely with adiponectin levels in the control group. Larger studies are needed to clarify the potential role of the diet in drug allergy and its outcomes.
Risk factors and outcome due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in community-onset bloodstream infections: A ten-year cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Holmbom Martin , Möller Vidar , Kristinsdottir Loa , Nilsson Maud , Rashid Mamun-Ur , Fredrikson Mats , Berglund Björn , Östholm Balkhed Åse
Published: November 2022

Objective

To study clinical outcome and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI).

Methods

This was a population-based cohort study including patients with pheno- and genotype-matched ESBL-producing E. coli and non-ESBL- E. coli in urine and blood samples collected in 2009–2018 in southeast Sweden. Seventy-seven episodes of ESBL-UPEC satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 77 non-ESBL-UPEC for age, gender, and year of culture.

Results

The most common ST-type and ESBL gene was ST131 (55%), and blaCTX-M-15 (47%), respectively. Risk factors for ESBL-UPEC were: previous genitourinary invasive procedure (RR 4.66; p = 0.005) or history of ESBL-producing E. coli (RR 12.14; p = 0.024). There was significant difference between ESBL-UPEC and non-ESBL-UPEC regarding time to microbiologically appropriate antibiotic therapy (27:15 h vs. 02:14 h; p = <0.001) and hospital days (9 vs. 5; p = <0.001), but no difference in 30-day mortality (3% vs. 3%; p = >0.999) or sepsis within 36 hours (51% vs. 62%; p = 0.623) was observed.

Conclusion

The predominant risk factors for ESBL-UPEC were history of ESBL-Ec infection and history of genitourinary invasive procedure. The overall mortality was low and the delay in appropriate antibiotic therapy did not increase the risk for 30-day mortality or risk for sepsis within 36 hours among patients infected with ESBL UPEC. However, these results must be regarded with some degree of caution due to the small sample size.
Circadian stage-dependent and stimulation duration effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate variability
Authors: Geng Duyan , Yang Kai , Fu Zhigang , Zhang Yi , Wang Chao , An Hongxia
Published: November 2022

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) can improve autonomic nerve function and is currently undergoing extensive clinical research; however, its efficacy heterogeneity has caused great controversy. Heart rate variability (HRV), a biomarker reflecting autonomic function, exhibits a time-varying pattern with circadian rhythms, which may be the main reason for the inconsistent stimulation effects. To test this conjecture, we performed isochronous acute stimulation experiments at intervals of 12 h. The results showed that HRV indicators representing vagal nerve activity significantly increased when stimulation was performed in the morning, and the enhancement of high frequency continued into the recovery period. However, the evening stimulation did not yield similar results. In addition, we found that improvements in the measures of autonomic balance were more pronounced in the presence of lower vagal activity. By increasing the stimulation duration, we also found that the effect of taVNS on HRV was not regulated by duration; in other words, HRV changes only had the best effect at the beginning of stimulation. These studies allowed us to determine the optimal stimulation phase and duration and potentially screen the optimal candidates for taVNS.
Cost-benefit analysis of a trifocal intraocular lens versus a monofocal intraocular lens from the patient’s perspective in the United States
Authors: Berdahl John , Bala Chandra , Dhariwal Mukesh , Rathi Hemant , Gupta Ritu
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To conduct a cost-benefit analysis of AcrySof IQ PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens (TFNT00 IOL) versus AcrySof monofocal IOL (SN60AT) from the patient perspective in the United States (US).

Methods

A de novo Markov model was developed to estimate the mean total lifetime patient costs and vision-related quality of life (measured as quality adjusted life-years (QALYs)) with each intervention (TFNT00 and SN60AT) and the incremental differences between these two treatments. The resulting incremental quality of life gain was mapped to the US patient willingness to pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY gain to estimate the lifetime net monetary value, measured as the net monetary benefit of TFNT00 IOL. Model inputs (transition probabilities, costs, discount rate, utilities, and event rates) were derived from the FDA IDE study (NCT03280108), published literature, clinical experience, and other relevant sources.

Results

Bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of the advanced technology IOL (AT-IOL) TFNT00 provides improved vision-related quality of life (QALY gain of 0.67) at an incremental lifetime cost of $2,783 compared to monofocal IOL. This incremental QALY gain translated into a lifetime net monetary benefit of $30,941 at the patient willingness to pay threshold of $50,000/QALY gain. Results were most sensitive to disutility due to wearing glasses, patient out of pocket costs for bilateral AT-IOL procedure, and post-operative spectacle dependence rates.

Conclusions

AcrySof IQ PanOptix IOL provides greater improvement in vision related quality of life compared to no presbyopia correction with a monofocal IOL. This study shows PanOptix is a cost-beneficial treatment strategy for patients willing to pay out of pocket for cataract surgery.
Protocol for a mobile laboratory study of co-administration of cannabis concentrates with a standard alcohol dose in humans
Authors: Karoly Hollis C. , Prince Mark A. , Emery Noah N. , Smith Emma E. , Piercey Cianna J. , Conner Bradley T.
Published: November 2022

Cannabis is commonly used among people who drink alcohol, yet evidence on acute effects of co-use is conflicting. Two important variables that may influence the effects of cannabis and alcohol are cannabinoid content (i.e., the ratio of cannabidiol [CBD] and 9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) as well as the order of use (i.e., cannabis before alcohol vs. alcohol before cannabis). Research is mixed regarding the acute imapct of cannabis on alcohol consumption and intoxication, with some studies suggesting additive effects of alcohol and cannabis, and others demonstrating negligible effects of combining these substances. Further complicating this, high-THC-content cannabis concentrates are increasingly popular on the legal-market, but to our knowledge, no studies have explored concentrate and alcohol co-use. In addition to cannabinoid content, order of use may influence intoxication and other acute effects, but is also understudied. Co-use studies typically administer a fixed dose of alcohol before cannabis, and there is a lack of data on the acute effects of cannabis before alcohol. Thus, there is a need for experimental co-use studies exploring the impact of cannabinoid content (particularly of highly potent cannabis concentrates) and order effects on intoxication. This study uses a federally-compliant mobile laboratory procedure to explore the effects of co-administration of legal-market cannabis concentrates with a moderate alcohol dose (.8g/kg) in a sample of community participants who regularly use alcohol and cannabis. The study will also explore alcohol and cannabis order effects (cannabis before alcohol vs. alcohol before cannabis). Outcomes are objective intoxication (measured using blood cannabinoid level, heart rate, psychomotor performance and breath alcohol level [BrAC]) and subjective intoxication (assessed via self-report measures). Overall, this study may influence harm-reduction recommendations for individuals who drink alcohol and use cannabis.
Cross-cultural comparison of nudging effects for environmental protection: A case-study of risk-averse attitudes toward disposable plastics
Authors: Komatsu Hidenori , Kubota Hiromi , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Griffin Mariah , Link Jennifer , Geher Glenn , Fisher Maryanne L.
Published: November 2022

Disposable plastics are drawing considerable attention as a source of environmental risk despite their benefits in daily life. Banning the use of disposable plastics could increase other types of risks, which may damage the public good in the long run. Considering the trade-off of the risks and benefits, one way to improve social welfare is to conduct proper recycling and to continue using plastics but limit them to essential use, avoiding an unnecessary ban. A potential barrier to such a policy might be risk-averse attitudes toward actions that are perceived to threaten future generations, which is a well-known phenomenon. We previously designed a framework for information provision using messages that remind individuals about familial support, which had significant effects in multiple countries on increasing positive attitudes toward air pollution caused by industrialization. We hypothesized that this information provision could also be effective for disposable plastic use. Thus, we conducted a randomized controlled trial via online surveys in Japan, Canada, and the US to identify the effects of our designed messages about recycling on increasing positive attitudes toward disposable plastics. The intervention effects were measured by the difference-in-difference method and panel analysis based on linear regression models using the respondents’ attributes and personality traits. The effects were consistently correlated with a sense of familial support, with the effect sizes varying according to country (US > Japan > Canada). Attributes that positively contributed to the message being more effective were higher agreeableness, lower Machiavellianism, lower psychopathy, and being a woman. Although personal fear about COVID-19 moderated the message effects, concern about the threats to relatives and family boosted the effects. Although the effect sizes were influenced by external factors, the results suggested that our proposed framework for information provision has the potential to be applied to a wider variety of risk-related topics.
Household composition and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A population-based study
Authors: McDonald André J. , Hamilton Hayley A. , Elton-Marshall Tara , Nigatu Yeshambel T. , Jankowicz Damian , Bondy Susan J. , Wells Samantha , Wickens Christine M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Household composition may be an important factor associated with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic as people spend more time at home due to physical distancing and lockdown restrictions. Adults living with children–especially women–may be particularly vulnerable to anxiety as they balance additional childcare responsibilities and homeschooling with work. The objective of this study was to examine the association between household composition and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore gender as an effect modifier.

Methods

Data were derived from seven waves of a national online survey of Canadian adults aged 18+ years from May 2020 to March 2021, which used quota sampling by age, gender, and region proportional to the English-speaking Canadian population (n = 7,021). Multivariable logistic and modified least-squares regression models were used.

Results

Compared to those living alone, significantly greater odds of anxiety symptoms were observed among single parents/guardians (aOR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.41–2.84), those living with adult(s) and child(ren) (aOR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.10–1.76), and those living with adult(s) only (aOR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.00–1.49). Gender was a significant effect modifier on the additive scale (p = 0.0487) such that the association between living with child(ren) and anxiety symptoms was stronger among men than women.

Conclusion

Additional tailored supports are needed to address anxiety among adults living with children–especially men–during the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease events.
Robust prognostic prediction model developed with integrated biological markers for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Nishi Masahiro , Uchino Eiichiro , Okuno Yasushi , Matoba Satoaki
Published: November 2022

Commonly used prediction methods for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were created before contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention was recognized as the primary therapy. Although several studies have used machine learning techniques for prognostic prediction of patients with AMI, its clinical application has not been achieved. Here, we developed an online application tool using a machine learning model to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI. A total of 2,553 cases of ST-elevation AMI were assigned to 80% training subset for cross validation and 20% test subset for model performance evaluation. We implemented random forest classifier for the binary classification of in-hospital mortality. The selected best feature set consisted of ten clinical and biological markers including max creatine phosphokinase, hemoglobin, heart rate, creatinine, systolic blood pressure, blood sugar, age, Killip class, white blood cells, and c-reactive protein. Our model achieved high performance: the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for the test subset, 0.95: sensitivity, 0.89: specificity, 0.91: precision, 0.43: accuracy, 0.91 respectively, which outperformed common scoring methods. The freely available application tool for prognostic prediction can contribute to risk triage and decision-making in patient-centered modern clinical practice for AMI.
Survival modelling and cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Barbier Michaela C. , Tomonaga Yuki , Menges Dominik , Yebyo Henock G. , Haile Sarah R. , Puhan Milo A. , Schwenkglenks Matthias
Published: November 2022

Background

In metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treatment, survival benefits have been shown by adding docetaxel or recent androgen receptor axis-targeted therapies (ARATs) abiraterone, apalutamide, or enzalutamide to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, the optimal treatment strategy in terms of costs and effects is unclear, not least due to high ARAT costs.

Methods

To assess treatment cost-effectiveness, we developed a Markov cohort model with health states of progression-free disease, progressive disease and death for men with newly diagnosed mHSPC, with a 30-year time horizon. Survival data, adverse events and utilities were informed by randomized controlled trial results, our meta-analysis of re-created individual patient survival data, and publicly available sources of unit costs. We applied a Swiss healthcare payer perspective and discounted costs and effects by 3%.

Results

We found a significant overall survival benefit for ADT+abiraterone versus ADT+docetaxel. The corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was predicted to be EUR 39,814 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. ADT+apalutamide and ADT+enzalutamide incurred higher costs and lower QALYs compared to ADT+abiraterone. For all ARATs, drug costs constituted the most substantial cost component. Results were stable except for a large univariable reduction in the pre-progression utility under ADT+abiraterone and very large variations in drug prices.

Conclusions

Our model projected ADT+abiraterone to be cost-effective compared to ADT+docetaxel at a willingness-to-pay threshold of EUR 70,400/QALY (CHF 100,000 applying purchasing power parities). Given lower estimated QALYs for ADT+apalutamide and ADT+enzalutamide compared to ADT+abiraterone, the former only became cost-effective (the preferred) treatment option(s) at substantial 75–80% (80–90%) price reductions.
STUDY OF CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACKCURRANT BERRIES DURING TREATMENT WITH LIQUID NITROGEN
Authors: Voronina Marianna Sergeyevna , Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Ignatova Dinara Fanisovna , Gulyaeva Alena Nikolayevna , Golubeva Tat'yana Sergeyevna , Katkasova Viktoriya Gennad'yevna , Babenkova Alina Arsen'yevna
Published: November 2022

This article presents some aspects related to the freezing of blackcurrant berries using liquid nitrogen: the duration of the process, the analysis of frozen and thawed berries, the change in physicochemical parameters and chemical composition, the advantages and disadvantages of this modern method. Fast freezing of food products in a cryogenic freezer is based on the use of the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen, as well as the sensible heat of vapors, the temperature of which rises to the final temperature of the frozen product. Given the requirement to reduce the fuel consumption required to generate the electricity needed for classical refrigeration systems, this method is used to freeze liquid nitrogen obtained as a by-product in the production of oxygen. Black currant is one of the most valuable and affordable sources of high content of vitamins and biologically active polyphenols. In the list of traditional berry plants, this crop occupies one of the leading positions in terms of the content of nutrients and biologically active substances necessary for a balanced human diet. Modern standards for blackcurrant varieties necessarily include certain requirements for the quality of berries, including their biological composition.
STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT INDICATORS OF CHERRY FRUIT VARIETIES ZONED IN SVERDLOVSK REGION
Authors: Chugunova Ol'ga Viktorovna , Arisov Aleksandr Valer'yevich , Tiunov Vladislav Mikhaylovich , Vyatkin Anton Vladimirovich
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of a study of 11 varieties of cherry fruits released in the Sverdlovsk region. As a result of studies of antioxidant indicators, the highest values of antioxidant activity were, mmol/l equiv: in the period of early maturation – variety "Zadumka" – 31.995; in the period of medium ripening – the variety "Standard of the Urals" – 24.457; in the period of late ripening - variety "Alatyrskaya" – 30.610; the lowest value of the studied indicator in the variety "Flaming" – 7.799. At the same time, the highest content of flavonoids is observed in such varieties of cherry fruits as, mg / 100 g of the edible part, the "Zadumka" variety – 147.0±4.4, the “Ural Standard” variety – 112.4±3.4 and the variety "Alatyrskaya" – 140.6±4.2; the highest content of anthocyanins is observed in such varieties of cherry fruits as, mg cyanidin-3-glycoside / 100 g of edible part, variety "Zadumka" – 650.0±19.5, variety "Ural Standard" – 702.6±21.1 and promising variety "13-24" – 692.1±20.8; the highest content of phenolic substances is observed in such varieties of cherry fruits as, mg of gallic acid / 100 g of edible part, variety "Zadumka" – 51.6±1.6, variety "Mayak" – 75.9±2.3 and promising variety "13-24" – 93.2±2.8.

In addition, such consumer characteristics of berries as the content of total and reducing sugars, as well as acidity, were studied. The data obtained will make it possible to more correctly calculate the nutritional value of diets and reasonably choose one or another variety for dietary correction of the diet in order to increase the overall antioxidant activity.
EXTRACTION OF Al3+, Pb2+, Cd2+ AND Sr2+ IONS WITH A PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING PRODUCT FROM RICE FLOUR
Authors: Makarenko Natal'ya Viktorovna , Evstropov Nikita Evgen'yevich , Kovekhova Anna Vasil'yevna , Arefieva Ol'ga Dmitriyevna , Egorkin Vladimir Sergeyevich , Panasenko Aleksandr Evgen'yevich
Published: November 2022

Materials of natural origin can serve as raw materials for the production of environmentally friendly inexpensive polyfunctional materials with a wide range of applications. Agricultural waste from rice production (rice husks, straw and flour) can serve as a source of such substances. In this work, the process and conditions for the extraction of aluminum, lead, strontium and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by an organophosphorus product (derivative of inositol hexaphosphoric, phytic acid) obtained from rice flour production waste are studied. Phytic acid and its derivatives are highly effective ligands capable of chelating metal cations, which allows them to be considered as a natural material suitable for removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The degree of extraction of aluminum ions reaches 97%, lead and strontium – 89%, and cadmium – 93%. It is shown that the absorption decreases in the series Cr3+ > Al3+ > Bi3+ (from 13.0 mg/g to 4.9 mg/g) and Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Sr2+ (from 8.9 mg/g to 7.5 mg/g). These studies allow us to offer a fundamental possibility of using a natural phosphorus-containing compound as an environmentally friendly sorbent.
MIGRATION POLICY TOWARDS RETURN MIGRANTS IN BORDER REGIONS OF RUSSIA: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND POPULATION ESTIMATES
Authors: Maximova Svetlana G. , Omelchenko Daria A. , Noyanzina Oksana E. , Sintsova Ludmila K.
Published: November 2022

The specificity of return migration in Russia rests on historical backgrounds and since 2006 is in large part connected with the intentions of the Russian government to use return migration as a resource of development of regions having increase in population due to low fertility, aging or strong out-migration. The study presented in the article is focused on the analysis of outcomes of the State program of repatriation along with attitudes of local population toward different political policies, concerning return migration, studied during social surveys in seven border regions, located in different parts of Russia. It has revealed that general pragmatic orientation of population towards international migration is combined with different political strategies supporting compatriots. Their choice is determined by objective, socio-structural, and subjective, related to culture and education, factors, but their weight and significance differ depending on initial discrepancies in socio-economic, demographic and ethno-cultural characteristics of regional societies.
Apresentação
Authors: Araújo Osmar Hélio Alves , Pacheco José Augusto , Corrêa Shirlei de Souza
Published: November 2022

Dada a situação causada pelo Covid-19, a necessidade de mudanças nos currículos, no processo de avaliação, na formação de professores e na construção dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, já anunciada em inúmeros estudos e pesquisas, ganhou novas proporções. Neste contexto, regras nunca antes vivenciadas, foram colocadas em práticas no contexto escolar. Assim, neste momento em que se vive ainda a Pandemia do Covid-19, os profissionais de educação têm enfrentado desafios e buscado alternativas para reinventar suas práticas, redescobrir suas habilidades e adaptar o currículo. Uma das melhores notícias que emerge desse contexto é a emergência, em todo o mundo, de se (re)construir a Escola hoje e reafirmar seu compromisso público com a democratização e o acesso à educação. (Re)pensar o presente, (re)definir novos rumos ou (re)descobrir novos jeitos de caminhar ((RE)CONSTRUIR A ESCOLA HOJE) é um dos desafios que vêm sendo enfrentado pelos profissionais de educação, pais e sociedade em geral, sobretudo neste momento em que a escola precisa (cor)responder aos desafios dos dias atuais, como são, por exemplo, a efetivação dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem por meio das aulas remotas e, ainda, a busca de alternativas para democratizar o acesso à Educação Remota. É nesse contexto que se insere o dossiê: A ESCOLA NOS DIAS ATUAIS: E AGORA? e que reuni 11 estudos e pesquisas e 02 entrevistas sobre a Escola, neste contexto de enfrentamento à pandemia do Covid-19, e, assim, discute sobre o presente no sentido de (re) descobrir - quem sabe - outros jeitos de construir a educação.
Entrevista 02: Mario Sérgio Cortella
Authors: Araújo Osmar Hélio Alves , Medeiros Emerson Augusto de
Published: November 2022

Entrevusta 02 - Mário Sérgio Cortella: A escola nos dias atuais
Transglobalidade, cosmopolitismo e inovação como linguagens da escola em tempo de crise
Authors: Pacheco José Augusto , Maia Ila Beatriz
Published: November 2022

Soprando ventos globalizados de contradição, com o objetivo de tornar mais comum a sociedade, num processo de múltiplas uniformidades, o cosmopolitismo surge como princípio que pode contribuir para o pensar e o agir dos sujeitos em instituições de educação e formação, desde a educação infantil até ao ensino superior. Daí que, numa análise das linguagens que hoje coexistem no ambiente das escolas, seja referida a atitude cosmopolita docente (PACHECO, 2018), orientada para a inclusão, a diversidade e a equidade, em que a subjetividade é algo que não faz da educação um mero processo de aquisição de conhecimentos, capacidades e atitudes, mas um projeto de realização pessoal, na exploração das ideias de Dewey (1902/2002). Para se conseguir esta atitude cosmopolita, a linguagem da inovação, juntamente com outras, caso das tecnologias digitais, está bem presente nas políticas educacionais, ainda que tenha sido perspetivada mais na procura de um alinhamento curricular com processos de melhoria (FULLAN, 2015) do que no registo de um acontecimento (ŽIŽEK, 2017), que se torna único, espontâneo e não suscetível de ser transformado em regras, que têm alimentado a gramática da escola, isto é, uma escola em crise pelos comuns organizacional, curricular e pedagógico que têm sido marcantes nos últimos dois séculos (LABAREE, 2012; TYACK; CUBAN, 1995).
A escola na atualidade – ensaio a partir de Paulo Freire e Alexander Neill
Authors: Medeiros Emerson Augusto de , Fortunato Ivan , Araújo Osmar Hélio Alves
Published: November 2022

Este escrito, de natureza ensaística, textualiza uma discussão a respeito da educação escolar. Objetiva refletir sobre a escola na atualidade, creditando ideias e conceitos debatidos por Paulo Freire e Alexander Sutherland Neill como centrais para o desenvolvimento da prática educativa escolar, a saber: a formação humana, o diálogo e a liberdade. Em termos metodológicos, se funde na pesquisa bibliográfica. Desse diálogo entre os dois pensadores, vislumbramos um caminho para a educação escolar que se fundamenta em três itinerários complementares: uma escola que se alimente, perenemente, da ideia da educação como uma prática social humanizadora; uma escola que se referencie no conhecimento útil à vida; e uma escola que promova o diálogo, respeite a diversidade do ser humano e cultive as relações socioafetivas.
IMPROVING TEACHER PERFORMANCE THROUGH A GOOD LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATIONAL APPROACH
Authors: Rahmannisa Juita Usmar  , Santosa Achadi Budi Santosa
Published: November 2022

Teacher performance is important in an educational institution. Optimal teacher performance has been shown to affect school quality and improve student achievement. This study aims to determine the effect of the principal's leadership style and work motivation on the performance of elementary school teachers. The population sample includes teachers at private schools in the Sungai Penuh Regency. The data is taken by questionnaire. The results showed a positive and significant influence between leadership style and teacher performance, with the value of sig. 0.041 < 0.05. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, with a value of sig. 0.000 < 0.05. There is a positive and significant influence between leadership style and work motivation simultaneously on teacher performance, with a value of sig. 0.000 is less than 0.05. The results of this study indicate that principals need to continue to encourage teachers through a kind and sympathetic approach so that their performance can be more optimalTeacher performance is important in an educational institution. Optimal teacher performance has been shown to affect school quality and improve student achievement. This study aims to determine the effect of the principal's leadership style and work motivation on the performance of elementary school teachers. The population sample includes teachers at private schools in the Sungai Penuh Regency. The data is taken by questionnaire. The results showed a positive and significant influence between leadership style and teacher performance, with the value of sig. 0.041 < 0.05. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, with a value of sig. 0.000 < 0.05. There is a positive and significant influence between leadership style and work motivation simultaneously on teacher performance, with a value of sig. 0.000 is less than 0.05. The results of this study indicate that principals need to continue to encourage teachers through a kind and sympathetic approach so that their performance can be more optimal.
Translanguaging in Multilingual English Classrooms
Authors: Kwon Suok
Published: November 2022

Recently, translanguaging has gained much attention in multilingual education scholarship from scholars who question the strict division of languages. Ofelia García and Li Wei (2014) maintain that translanguaging is a creative meaning-making process that allows multilingual speakers to actively participate in linguistically diverse social contexts. Subsequently, a growing amount of research has extended the notion of translanguaging from its theoretical framework to include pedagogical implications. Missing from this body of literature is an attempt to apply translanguaging from an Asian perspective, particularly in terms of its practices in multilingual classrooms. In response to this need, Viniti Vaish’s recently published book, Translanguaging in Multilingual English Classrooms: An Asian Perspective and Contexts, offers ways translanguaging can be implemented to support students who are struggling to read in English. This review provides a summary of the book and its key points, followed by an evaluation and implications for how teachers and teacher educators could use it.
THE EXISTENCE OF PANCASILA IN RESOLVING CONFLICTS OF DIFFERING VIEWS ON RELIGIOUS RIGHTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Herlindah Herlindah , Qurbani Indah Dwi , Prisilia Dorra
Published: November 2022

This research investigates how Pancasila (the Five Principles) could serve as an equilibrium in regulating the freedom of religion in Indonesia and how these five principles could negotiate the concept of this freedom within the coverage of national Human Rights affected by western human rights related to the concept of the freedom of religions within the scope of Islam. The three different regulatory concepts regarding freedom of religion in Indonesia, constituting Islamic law, International Human Rights, and Particular Human Rights, have always sparked conflict unless these three concepts are accommodated by law.  The analysis was performed by employing the doctrine of margin of appreciation. This research reveals that Pancasila could serve as the fundamental of Indonesia in facilitating the freedom of religion. This research also employed a normative-juridical method, interdisciplinary, statutory, and conceptual approaches.