bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Model of Product Allocation on Warehouse Rack with Simultaneous Horizontal and Vertical Product Categorization
Authors: Chernyahovskaya Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The organization of the product allocation on the shelf space of the warehouse rack with the creation of separate categories allows for a more rational use of available resources. This allows for optimization of warehouse space by ensuring a compact and logical product arrangement, making them easy to find and retrieve. This approach also reduces the amount of time spent on processing orders and reduces the likelihood of picking errors. As a result, the overall efficiency of warehouse operations and inventory management is improved. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model of product allocation on a warehouse rack with simultaneous categorization of goods and shelves vertically and horizontally. The study is important for warehouse logistics.
Technologies and Methods for Planning the Movement of UAVs Along Waypoints
Authors: Lipanov Il'ya , Homonenko Anatoliy
Published: October 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) occupy a special place in our world. Their ability to navigate along set routes opens up prospects in various fields. The purpose of the study is to review and analyze navigation systems and UAV routing algorithms, methods that allow UAVs to follow the route with high accuracy. GPS and inertial navigation (INS) systems that provide accurate location determination are being investigated. The capabilities of sensor systems — cameras, lidars and ultrasonic sensors — are analyzed to detect obstacles and adjust the trajectory; voxel maps for three-dimensional modeling of the environment and methods of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM); algorithm A* (A-star); genetic routing algorithm, potential-based obstacle avoidance algorithms and RRT. Practical significance: the use of these methods and technologies can significantly improve the safety and accuracy of UAV routing, the ability to navigate autonomously in complex and dynamically changing landscapes. In conclusion, the advantages and limitations of navigation approaches and technologies are discussed; the importance of integrating sensor systems and SLAM methods to increase the autonomy and efficiency of UAVs; directions for further research.
Methods for Optimizing the Training and Fine-Tuning Large Language Models
Authors: Samonov Aleksandr
Published: October 2024

The main problematic issues in the development and specialization of LLM are: catastrophic forgetting, the risk of overfitting, hallucinations, incorrect interpretations, incorrect processing of exceptional situations as well as exceptionally high performance requirements for the computing tools used in this case. The purpose of the study is to select and develop methods for optimizing the training and fine-tuning process LLM, providing a significant reduction in the computing resources required for this. To achieve this goal, it is proposed to use the following methods of optimizing LLMs and their learning algorithms: LoRA and QLoRA, Batch size choice, Gradient Accumulation, Gradient Checkpoint, Mixed precision training, FlashAttention-2. To obtain a cumulative positive effect when using these methods together, it is necessary to perform a number of practical experiments. When setting up LLM learning hyperparameters, you should first determine which package size gives the best results, and then choose adequate methods to optimize the computing resources used. The application of the presented methods will increase the efficiency of using computing resources when training and fine-tuning large language models and will reduce the time and financial costs necessary for this.
Development and Implementation of a Management System for Information Kiosks at the University: Approaches, Technologies
Authors: Zabrodin Andrey , Dobrovol'skaya Marina , Petrova Elizaveta , Fedorov Daniil , Honina Ol'ga
Published: October 2024

The article explores the possibility and necessity of developing a specialized information system by introducing information kiosks into the educational environment. A variant of the application architecture is presented, which includes several important aspects. Particular attention is paid to the process of finding the information the student needs, such as schedules and information about the availability of library literature, which contributes to more effective studying at the university. The results of the study may be useful for educational institutions seeking to improve the quality of education.
Development of a DLP Module to Protect Personal Data in a Distributed Automated System
Authors: Kovtunenko Arkadiy
Published: October 2024

The importance of personal data protection in automated systems is being considered. A study is provided on the development of a software module for protecting confidential information, including personal data, in a distributed automated system. The primary goal of the study: to create is to create software that prevents leaks of confidential information. The developed software module is designed to block the leakage of confidential information through network channels and removable media using a machine learning model with centralized security administrator management. The practical significance: the use of this module in organizations includes ensuring centralized information security management, reducing the risk of confidential data leaks, and supporting the investigation of security incidents. The research can be used as a temporary measure during the period of updating and adapting the system to new realities until a full-fledged protection system is achieved.
Indicators and Algorithms for Assessing the Identification Results Quality of the Adjacent Territories State
Authors: Zelencov Vyacheslav , Mochalov Viktor
Published: October 2024

Machine learning methods for identification of territories near railway infrastructure facilities are considered. The main sources of initial data are presented, as well as algorithms for assessing the quality of the results for landscape elements automated identification using the forest vegetation example. Forest vegetation state identification is carried out based on spectral-brightness characteristics determined using multispectral aerospace imaging materials. Quality indicators for the results of survey materials automated processing and algorithms for calculating the considered indicators are proposed. Examples are given to assess the results quality of using machine learning methods.
“Discursos de ódio” e a produção do caos social
Authors: Beleli Iara
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo proponho uma reflexão sobre três vídeos do YouTube protagonizados por Damares Alves entre 2016 e 2021. No primeiro, centrado na proteção da infância, a então pastora denuncia livros e filmes “impróprios” para crianças. O segundo e o terceiro, já como Ministra do governo Bolsonaro, remetem a duas entrevistas concedidas à jornalista Leda Nagle e à Karina Gomes, da Comissão Permanente junto à ONU em Genebra. O período escolhido é estratégico, porque permite perceber como os discursos sobre família e direitos humanos ganharam a cena pública no governo Bolsonaro, acionando emoções perpassadas por “discursos de ódio”, termo banalizado nas mídias institucionalizadas e redes sociais, mas que mantém sua pertinência analítica.
Israeli Druze women in politics in the 21st century - supporting versus inhibiting factors
Authors: Shamma Fathi , Safadi Eman , Knifes Amir
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to examine the attitudes of the Druze community regarding the integration of Druze women in local and National politics. The sample contained 600 participants, aged 25-65, of whom 333 were males (55.5%) and 267 females (44.5%), were randomly sampled from all residents of the Druze villages in the Galilee and Carmel regions of Israel. The quantitative questionnaire contained 11 items, and A qualitative questionnaire containing two open-ended questions, In addition, the study used a short socio-demographic questionnaire ( age, gender, and education).The study found that there are those who encourage and promote the candidacy of Druze women for leading positions in politics, while others prefer to hinder the progress of Druze women, We concluded that there has been an increase in the level of awareness among members of the Druze community regarding the integration of women in local and National politics Most of the factors cited stem from the cultural-religious contexts and stereotypical perceptions that women do not have leadership skills. From the findings it can be concluded that there is an increase in awareness among members of the Druze community regarding the rising status of women in general, and particularly their integration into social and political life.
Vulnerabilidades epistemológicas de la psiquiatría actual y de la salud mental global: enfoque crítico desde América Latina
Authors: Alarcón-Guzmán Renato , Castillo-Martell Humberto
Published: October 2024

En reconocimiento del gran avance de la psiquiatría como especialidad médica y del movimiento de salud mental global en el manejo clínico de problemas y dolencias mentales, es sumamente importante explorar sus dilemas conceptuales, limitaciones estructurales y tensiones epistemológicas, en búsqueda de enfoques más claros, amplios, profundos y complejos de la teoría y la práctica psiquiátricas. El análisis que se plantea en este estudio examina objetivamente paradigmas académicos dominantes, como la centralización del diagnóstico basado en manuales, la circularidad del determinismo etiopatogénico, el apego dogmático a la denominada «medicina basada en la evidencia», la pretendida neutralidad de la ciencia y la polarización idealizada de los estados de salud y enfermedad mental. Al mismo tiempo, se reafirma la clara utilidad de conceptos socioculturales y aperturas epistemológicas en la comprensión de todo tipo de eventos psicopatológicos. Estos enfoques críticos buscan ampliar los horizontes ontológicos de la psiquiatría y liberarla de las amenazas impuestas por diferentes niveles y magnitudes en las relaciones de poder. El artículo intenta establecer una continuidad con las reflexiones críticas sobre la onda expansiva de la salud mental global, expuestas y compartidas por Duncan Pedersen y otros estudiosos de diferentes centros académicos de las Américas, orientados a la revalorización de pensamientos y acciones de una salud mental que se adecúe más y mejor a las necesidades comunitarias y socioculturales de América Latina en particular.
Características psicométricas de la adaptación peruana de la Lista de Verificación de Síntomas Pediátricos (PSC-17)
Authors: Tirado-Hurtado Benilde , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann , Hurtado-Sanchez Manuel , Cortez-Vergara Carla , Tirado-Hurtado Indira
Published: October 2024

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado en gran magnitud a la salud mental de niños y adolescentes. En el Perú, debido a las medidas de contención, los niños y adolescentes estuvieron sometidos a dos años de educación virtual, lo que afectó aún más su desarrollo socioemocional. El uso de la Lista de Verificación de Síntomas Pediátricos de 17 ítems (PSC-17) permite obtener una detección precoz de los problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar las características psicométricas de la adaptación peruana de la PSC-17. Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron datos de 561 escolares peruanos (53,3 % mujeres; edad media = 12,23; DE = 2,65) que completaron la PSC-17 a través de llamadas telefónicas o videollamadas entre noviembre de 2021 y enero de 2022. Resultados: En el análisis de consistencia interna, el coeficiente omega de McDonald fue de 0,7098, lo que indica una confiabilidad aceptable del instrumento. Dentro del análisis estructural, el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) mostró indicadores de ajuste adecuados: CFI (0,959), TLI (0,952), RMSEA (0,037) y SRMR (0,048). Conclusión: La adaptación peruana de la PSC-17 presenta propiedades psicométricas de consistencia interna y validez de utilidad para la medición de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes peruanos, presentando mejores indicadores si se ajustan algunas preguntas según la edad de los participantes.
Teoría de la mente en los subtipos de deterioro cognitivo leve: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Guerrero Oyarzún Eduardo , Bernal-Ruiz Francisca
Published: October 2024

Los procesos de cognición social se encuentran alterados en la enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias, pero se sabe menos respecto a su funcionamiento en los distintos subtipos de deterioro cognitivo leve. Objetivo: Revisión sistemática basada en la recopilación de estudios que analizan el funcionamiento y la trayectoria de la teoría de la mente en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve de tipo amnésico, no amnésico, unidominio y/o multidominio. Materiales y métodos: Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, se procedió a la búsqueda, selección y extracción de estudios cuya calidad fue luego evaluada de acuerdo con la guía STROBE. Resultados: Se analizaron los hallazgos de 16 estudios publicados entre 2013 y 2023 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Entre estos estudios, 15 muestran que la teoría de la mente está alterada en todos los tipos de deterioro cognitivo leve, especialmente en el de tipo amnésico, independientemente de la etiología y los criterios diagnósticos utilizados. Conclusiones: El deterioro cognitivo leve se asocia con déficits significativos en la teoría de la mente, especialmente en el subtipo amnésico. Futuros estudios de corte longitudinal deberán investigar el curso de tales déficits y explorar más a fondo sus correlatos conductuales y neurales.
Alivio sintomático del dolor de la neuralgia posherpética con tratamiento de parche de lidocaína al 5 %: reporte de una serie de casos
Authors: Nieto-Gutierrez Wendy , Falvy-Bockos Ian , Becerra-Núñez Claudia , Guzmán-Ramos Yair E. , Orrillo-Leyva Enrique , Vela Carlos , Echegaray Castro Katia Ninoska , Reymer Doris C. , García-Mostajo Jorge A.
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Describir los efectos del parche de lidocaína al 5 % en el alivio sintomático de pacientes peruanos con neuralgia posherpética. Materiales y métodos: Reporte de una serie de casos de pacientes adultos con neuralgia posherpética, admitidos y tratados en el Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea de Lima, Perú. El alivio sintomático del dolor por neuralgia posherpética fue definido como la diferencia entre la puntuación del dolor especificado antes y después del tratamiento con el parche. La puntuación fue evaluada mediante la escala visual analógica y la escala Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia para los pacientes con demencia. Resultados: Se recolectaron 22 casos de pacientes con neuralgia posherpética (edad media de 74,4 ± 12,40 años), 17 de los cuales iniciaron la terapia tópica con lidocaína luego del tratamiento sistémico por vía oral. Las principales razones para el cambio fueron dolor persistente y efectos adversos de la terapia precedente. Se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa del dolor y de los síntomas colaterales después del uso del parche de lidocaína (p < 0,01). No se reportó reacción adversa alguna al final del seguimiento. Conclusiones: Se encontró reducción estadísticamente significativa del dolor posterior al inicio del tratamiento tópico. Se sugiere realizar nuevos estudios que superen las limitaciones de este y de otros previamente publicados.
The Stretching of Shrunk Space and an Abolute Cosmic Length and an Abolute Cosmic Time
Authors: Ladhani Amrit
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I present a possible explanation for expansion of the universe, and introduce the cosmic scale, size of the entire universe and cosmic time, age of the universe. The observed expansion of the universe, which relates the stretching of Shrunk space to the new theory, is derived. This model is based on the two principal long-range forces: the gravitational force and the repulsive force generated by shrunk space. They are the two most basic fundamental quantities in the universe that govern cosmic evolution, and they may provide the clockwork mechanism that repeat indefinitely. This model of Space-time and its unique properties of shrinking and stretching enables us to describe a sequence of events from the Big Bang to the Big Crunch.
A Versatile Microfluidic Device System that Lacks a Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Recapitulates the Blood-Brain Barrier and Dynamic Tumor Cell Interaction
Authors: Santillán-Cortez Daniel , Castell-Rodríguez Andrés Eliú , González-Arenas Aliesha , Suarez-Cuenca Juan Antonio , Pérez-Koldenkova Vadim , Añorve-Bailón Denisse , García Silvia , Toledo Lozano Christian Gabriel , Escamilla-Tilch Mónica , Mondragón-Terán Paul
Published: October 2024

Microfluidic systems offer controlled microenvironments for cell-to-cell and cell-to-stromainteractions, which have precise physiological, biochemical, and mechanical features. The opti-mization of their conditions to best resemble tumor microenvironments constitutes an experimentalmodeling challenge, particularly regarding carcinogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS), giventhe specific features of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Gel-free 3D microfluidic cell culture systems(gel-free 3D-mFCCSs), including features such as self-production of extracellular matrices, providesignificant benefits, including promoting cell–cell communication, interaction, and cell polarity. Theproposed microfluidic system consisted of a gel-free culture device inoculated with human brainmicrovascular endothelial cells (HBEC5i), glioblastoma multiforme cells (U87MG), and astrocytes(ScienCell 1800). The gel-free 3D-mFCCS showed a diffusion coefficient of 4.06 × 10−9 m2·s−1, and itreconstructed several features and functional properties that occur at the BBB, such as the vasculo-genic ability of HBEC5i and the high duplication rate of U87MG. The optimized conditions of thegel-free 3D-mFCCS allowed for the determination of cellular proliferation, invasion, and migration,with evidence of both physical and biochemical cellular interactions, as well as the production ofpro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the proposed gel-free 3D-mFCCSs represent a versatileand suitable alternative to microfluidic systems, replicating several features that occur within tumormicroenvironments in the CNS. This research contributes to the characterization of microfluidicapproaches and could lead to a better understanding of tumor biology and the eventual developmentof personalized therapies. (PDF) A Versatile Microfluidic Device System that Lacks a Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Recapitulates the Blood-Brain Barrier and Dynamic Tumor Cell Interaction. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384802118_A_Versatile_Microfluidic_Device_System_that_Lacks_a_Synthetic_Extracellular_Matrix_Recapitulates_the_Blood-Brain_Barrier_and_Dynamic_Tumor_Cell_Interaction#fullTextFileContent [accessed Oct 10 2024].
Prolonged Copper Supplementation Modified Minerals in the Kidney, Liver and Blood, and Potentiated Oxidative Stress and Vasodilation of Isolated Aortic Rings in Young Wistar Rats
Authors: Kitala–Tańska Klaudia , Hanć Anetta , Juśkiewicz Jerzy , Majewski Michał
Published: October 2024

Background: Previous studies have highlighted that copper supplementation at 200% of the recommended daily dietary allowance modified vascular contraction and relaxation through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prostaglandin formation, which modified the antioxidant status of middle-aged Wistar rats. Methods: In this study, young (1 month old) male Wistar rats (n/group = 10) received a diet supplemented with 6.45 mg copper/kg (100% of daily recommendation—Group A) for 8 weeks. The experimental group received 12.9 mg copper/kg of diet (200% of the daily recommendation—Group B). Results: Experimental supplementation with 200% copper modified the copper concentration in the blood (1.21-fold, p = 0.04), liver (1.15-fold, p = 0.032), and kidneys (1.23-fold, p = 0.045), potentiated the ROS formation in the aortic rings, and enhanced the sensitivity of the aortic rings to the vasodilator acetylcholine. We observed an increased participation of nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in vascular contraction and a decreased net effect of vasodilator prostanoids derived from cyclooxygenase-2 in vascular relaxation. In rat kidneys, the concentrations of potassium (1.08-fold, p = 0.001) and iron (1.13-fold, p = 0.046) were higher, while, calcium (0.88-fold, p = 0.001) and chromium (0.77-fold, p = 0.005) concentrations were lower. In the rat liver, magnesium (1.06-fold, p = 0.012) was higher. No differences were observed in the concentrations of sodium, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum, and vanadium. The antioxidant activity of water- and lipid-soluble compounds; total antioxidant status in the blood; and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde levels in the heart did not change. Conclusions: In young rats, prolonged supplementation with 200% copper had a lesser effect than anticipated on oxidative stress and vascular reactivity. Detailed data on the status of trace elements and their interactions in patients of different age groups are strongly required for effective nutritional and therapeutic intervention.
Short-Term Electrical Demand Forecast Modeling Considering External Influences: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Amaral Leonardo , Araújo Gustavo , Moraes Ricardo , Vasques Francisco , Portugal Paulo
Published: October 2024

Short-term electrical demand forecasting is crucial for the effective operation of new electrical networks. This necessity arises from the requirement for more timely demand information compared to traditional networks, as well as the integration of new energy sources into the electrical grid. Most existing forecasting methodologies fail because they do not consider the nonlinearities of the system, and because they neglect to represent important external influences on the problem; in other words, they are not based on a holistic approach to electricity demand forecasting. In this study, we present a new approach to developing an electrical demand forecasting model, and consider a case study to evaluate the importance of several factors affecting electricity consumption and forecast accuracy. We use an ISO NE (Independent System Operator New England) dataset that represents the total electrical load of several New England cities from January 2017 to December 2019. This dataset includes 23 independent variables, such as meteorological data, economic indicators and market information. Our study presents a pipeline for building electrical demand forecast models using time series information as input. By carefully selecting variables and representing external factors, we demonstrate the feasibility of generating a more accurate forecasting model with reduced computational resources. Our results show that incorporating external factors can enhance model accuracy by up to 60%. To handle large input datasets, variable selection is crucial for reducing dimensionality while maintaining accuracy, enabling the effective application of deep learning models. Simulations reveal that deep learning models with no more than three intermediate layers and an optimal number of neurons perform efficiently. The CNN+LSTM composite model achieved the lowest error rate at 0.15%, surpassing previously studied models, including standalone CNN and LSTM approaches, which had error rates of 0.8% and 1.44%, respectively. The CNN's feature extraction abilities, combined with the LSTM's strength in handling time-series data, were instrumental in achieving superior performance across most scenarios.
Potential Innovations in Modern-Day Human and Animal Vaccine Development
Authors: Carp Theodor-Nicolae
Published: October 2024

The vaccine industry has undoubtedly contributed massively in the medical world, with hundreds of millions of lives saved as a result of the successful development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against various infectious and oncological diseases. Simultaneously, there has been an ongoing evolutionary battle between polymorphic microbes and the human immune system, and various microbes have developed counter-responses against the human host immune system, by creating diverse “holes” of vulnerability in the innate immune system. Such mechanisms may have resulted due to the lower prophylactic and therapeutic focus upon sharpening the innate immune lines as directly as necessary. The overall objective of vaccine-development should be the sharpening of all immune departments that are targeted by various microbial agents for the purpose of transient innate immune suppression and the distribution of the microbial count/load at a systemic level. Likewise, it could be viable for the clinical research community to start focusing upon filling in the “gaps” of vulnerability that are now present in the pathways responsible for the proper natural immune activation and proportionate signalling toward the adaptive immune system. Perhaps, through such a process, the “road” toward the adaptive immune system, which is “old” and filled with “holes”, could be gradually transformed into a perfectly uniform “highway”, with all the required signals transmitted robustly from the innate to the adaptive immune system, before microbes manage to translate the various pathogenic proteins that transiently prevent such transmission altogether, until it becomes too late for the immune response to possibly develop in a proportionate and non-harmful manner to the organism. Such a scenario would be possible, given that it is almost impossible for human evolutionary growth to eventually stall and not risk experiencing a decrease as a result. Simultaneously, it is important for human society to bind by the principles of maintaining a healthy and nature-friendly lifestyle, given the philosophical quote of “We are what we eat.” The overall objective should be the facilitation of human and animal immune evolution over viral and bacterial molecular self-camouflaging from all possible directions, as a sharper human and animal evolutionary growth resulting from such actions could “cost” the sharper evolutionary growth of microbes as such, given that evolutionary patterns are based upon the models observed in Physics, in Newton’s Third Law of Motion, as well as in the First Law of Thermodynamics, which concerns the Conservation of Energy.
Towards Evaluating the Diagnostic Ability of LLMs
Authors: Sarvari Peter , Al-fagih Zaid
Published: October 2024

On average, one in ten patients die because of a diagnostic error and medical errors are the third largest cause of death in the word. While LLMs have been proposed to help doctors with diagnoses, no research results have been published on comparing the diagnostic ability of many popular LLMs on an openly accessible real-patient cohort. In thus study, we compare LLMs from Google, OpenAI, Meta, Mistral, Cohere and Anthropic using our previously published evaluation methodology and explore improving their accuracy with RAG.
Enhancing Inner Area Reevaluation Through Optional Control Programmes for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Ruminant Paratuberculosis Potentially Linked to Crohn’s Disease in Humans
Authors: Mazzeo Alessandra , Rossi Nicola , Di Chiro Vincenzo , Maiuro Lucia , Rosati Sebastiano , Giorgione Siria , Sorrentino Elena
Published: October 2024

Regulation (EU) 2016/429 establishes new extensive guidelines for managing transmissible animal diseases, including zoonoses. The Commission Implementing Regulation 2018/1882 classifies diseases into five categories based on their prevalence and the required response, ranging from eradication to surveillance. Key aspects of the regulations concern emphasis on animal traceability, biosecurity, wildlife pathogen control, sustainable farming, and the reduction of the impact of diseases on both public and animal health, as well as on the environment. These align with the European Green Deal, the Farm to Fork Strategy and the One Health approach. In Italian inner areas—similarly to other European regions that are fragile, remote from major service centers, and often neglected—agropastoral and agri-food activities are beneficial for tourism, commercialization of typical foods, and recreational activities. In these areas including the Molise Region, the activation of optional programmes within the framework of the aforementioned regulations could help control infectious animal diseases that are not subject to mandatory eradication but cause income loss and trade restrictions, such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and paratuberculosis, a suspected zoonosis potentially linked to Crohn's disease in humans. These programmes could boost the economic income of local extensive breeding, counteract depopulation, and protect human and animal health.
Person-to-Person Bacterial Transmission Can Change the Sleep Pattern in Newly Married Couples
Authors: Rastmanesh Reza , Marotta Francesco
Published: October 2024

The composition of the gut microbiota varies significantly among healthy individuals and insomniacs, hypersomniacs and healthy people. On the other hand, there is a substantial bacterial strain shared across these populations with distinct intra-population, mother-to-infant and intra-household transmission patterns. Based on these premises, we propose a hypothesis stating that person-to-person bacterial transmission can change the sleep pattern in couples. In this pilot study, 157 couples who had been married and living together for an average of 5.91 months were enrolled. A wide range of questionnaires were administered to participants to measure sleep patterns. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed at two time points: baseline and 3 months. We found that sleep disturbances in couples can be partially explained by changes in gut microbiota.
Role of S1P Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Diseases
Authors: Fu Fei , Li Wanmeng , Zheng Xiaoyin , Wu Yaling , Du Dan , Han Chenxia
Published: October 2024

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolic product produced via the phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SPHKs), serving as a powerful modulator of various cellular processes through its interaction with S1P receptors (S1PRs). Currently, the incompletely understood of mechanism in pancreatic diseases including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, largely limits therapeutic therapy options for these disorders. Recent evidence indicates that S1P significantly contributes to pancreatic diseases by modulating inflammation, promoting pyroptosis in pancreatic acinar cells, regulating the activation of pancreatic stellate cells, and affecting organelle functions in pancreatic cancer cells. Nevertheless, no review has encapsulated these advancements. Thus, this review compiles information about the involvement of S1P signaling in exocrine pancreatic disorders, including acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, as well as prospective treatment strategies to target S1P signaling for these conditions. The insights presented here possess the potential to offer valuable guidance for the implementation of therapies targeting S1P signaling in various pancreatic diseases.
Unveiling the Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Inflammasome in Hyperoxia-induced Neonatal Lung and Brain Injury
Authors: Young Karen , Benny Merline , Schmidt Augusto , Wu Shu
Published: October 2024

Extremely premature infants are at significant risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Although BPD is a predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, it is currently unknown how BPD contributes to brain injury and long-term NDI in preterm infants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures released from cells into the surrounding environment. EVs are involved in inter-organ communication in diverse pathological processes. Inflammasomes are large, multiprotein complexes that are part of the innate immune system and are responsible for triggering inflammatory responses and cell death. Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is pivotal in inflammasome assembly and activating inflammatory caspase-1. Activated caspase-1 cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD) to release a 30 kD N-terminal domain that can form membrane pores, leading to lytic cell death, also known as proptosis. Activated caspase-1 can also cleave pro-IL-1and pro-IL-18 to their active forms, which can be rapidly released through the GSDMD pores to induce inflammation. Recent evidence has emerged that activation of inflammasomes is associated with neonatal lung and brain injury, and inhibition of inflammasomes reduces hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung and brain injury. Additionally, multiple studies have demonstrated that hyperoxia stimulates the release of lung-derived EVs that contain inflammasome cargos. Adoptive transfer of these EVs into the circulation of normal neonatal mice and rats induces brain inflammatory injury. This review focuses on EV-inflammasomes’ roles in mediating lung-to-brain crosstalk via EV-dependent and EV-independent mechanisms critical in BPD, brain injury, and NDI pathogenesis. EV-inflammasomes will be discussed as potential therapeutic targets for neonatal lung and brain injury.
Investigating the Future Intention to Use Computer-Based Test Among Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Hazzan , Shetty Shilpa
Published: October 2024

This brief report detailed the investigation of secondary school students' future intention to use Computer-Based Testing (CBT) in Lagos, Nigeria. A sample of 531 students, which is made-up of new and returning users of CBT, responded to a questionnaire based on a four-point Likert scale. The study aimed to explore whether ease of use, gender, computer self-efficacy, and prior experience influence the future intention to use CBT. Findings show that students who find CBT easier to use have a significantly higher intention to use it again. This association remains significant even when controlling for gender, computer self-efficacy, and experience. New users demonstrated a slightly higher mean intention to use CBT than returning users, possibly due to the novelty effect. This report recommends improving CBT's ease of use to accommodate varying levels of computer literacy and self-efficacy. Limitations of the investigation include the nominal nature of the data and the self-reported responses, which could impact the accuracy of the analysis. Future studies should adopt more robust methodologies, such as Structural Equation Modeling, to better explore these relationships.
The Unsustainability and Hidden Dangers of the Chinese Stock Market Surge in September 2024
Authors: Kong Lingkai , Chang Yunxin
Published: October 2024

Thanks to the Chinese government's strong monetary stimulus initiative, the Chinese stock market has seen a recent surge. A similar scenario in history reminds us that such a surge carries significant potential risks and undermines economic sustainability. This study examines the economic stimulus by the Chinese government during 2008 and 2015 utilizing monetary and real estate policy to stimulate stock market expansion, and identifies a pattern of path dependency in the government's approach to economic challenges. In the context of the fiscal pressures of 2024, the government has again employed an extraordinary level of intervention to catalyze a significant uptick in the stock market. While this has led to a temporary increase in stock market indices, it poses substantial risks. The potential for a stock market bubble, detached from fundamental values, could precipitate a subsequent market collapse. Additionally, the government's market stimulus may be aimed at providing financial support to underperforming state-owned enterprises, which in the long-run will damage China's economic sustainability. There is also a concern that the measures to stimulate the stock market could interlink the bond market and banking sector with the equity, potentially inciting broader systemic risks. Furthermore, the housing market crisis and investors' skepticism towards the extent of China's marketization reforms will also intensify. Overall, we believe that the current round of stock market stimulus is not sustainable and leaves the door open for future risks.
Cultivation and Growth Dynamics of Capelin (Mallotus villosus) from Hatch to Adulthood
Authors: Árnason Tómas , Bárðarson Birkir , Steinarsson Agnar
Published: October 2024

This study describes the first successful rearing of capelin from hatch to adulthood in a laboratory setting using intensive culture methods. Over the span of about two years the capelin were reared in aquaculture tanks under a constant temperature of 7°C. The capelin demonstrated a robust linear growth during their first year of life, with a mean length increment of 0.36 mm per day. Due to their accelerated growth, some of the capelin became sexually mature as early as one-year post hatch. The first year was characterized by a rapid increase in condition factor (CF) while the second year showed a plateau. The von Bertalanffy growth equation effectively described the two-year growth of the cultivated capelin, predicting an asymptotic length (L∞) of 18.4 cm, similar to the 18.6 cm median L∞ of wild Icelandic capelin (1981–2018 cohorts). The cultivated capelin were projected to reach this length in 2.6 years, compared to about 6 years for wild capelin. This study provides new insights into the growth dynamics of capelin, and although the species is sensitive to handling, it demonstrates that intensive culture methods can be used to investigate biological aspects of this important forage species.
Reducing Emissions in the Maritime Sector: Offshore Wind Energy as a Key Factor
Authors: Gil-García Isabel C. , Fernández-Guillamón Ana
Published: October 2024

The maritime environment is the setting for a variety of economic activities, such as offshore wind energy, aquaculture, salt extraction, and oil and gas platforms. While some of these activities have a long-term presence, others require decarbonisation as they head towards their demise. In this context, the aim of this study is to develop a methodology to replace the electrical energy from high-emission industrial processes offshore with clean electricity generated by offshore wind energy. The proposal is structured in three phases: Initiation, which involves the collection of quantitative, technical and geospatial information of the study area; Indicators, where the main indicators are calculated and the best alternative is selected using multi-criteria evaluation methods; and finally, short, medium and long-term scenarios are proposed. The methodology is evaluated in Spain, the best alternative with a nominal power of 225 MW, is capable of avoiding up to 1.44 MtCO2 by 2050.
Cyclic and Multi-Year Characterization of Surface Ozone at the WMO/GAW Coastal Station of Lamezia Terme (Calabria, Southern Italy): Implications for the Local Environment, Cultural Heritage, And Human Health
Authors: D’Amico Francesco , Gullì Daniel , Lo Feudo Teresa , Ammoscato Ivano , Avolio Elenio , De Pino Mariafrancesca , Cristofanelli Paolo , Busetto Maurizio , Malacaria Luana , Parise Domenico , Sinopoli Salvatore , De Benedetto Giorgia , Calidonna Claudia Roberta
Published: October 2024

Unlike stratospheric ozone (O3), which is beneficial for Earth due to its capacity to screen the surface from solar ultraviolet radiation, tropospheric ozone poses a number of health and environmental issues. It has multiple effects that drive anthropogenic climate change, ranging from pure radiative forcing to a reduction of carbon sequestration potential in plants. In the central Mediterranean, which itself represents a hotspot for climate studies, multi-year data on surface ozone have been analyzed at the Lamezia Terme (LMT) WMO/GAW coastal observation site, located in Calabria, Southern Italy. The site is characterized by a local wind circulation pattern that results into a clear differentiation between western-seaside winds, which are normally depleted in pollutants and GHGs, and northeastern-continental winds, which are enriched in these compounds. This study is a first detailed attempt at evaluating ozone concentrations at LMT and their correlations with meteorological parameters, which provide new insights on the source of locally observed tropospheric ozone mole fractions. This research shows that surface ozone daily and seasonal patterns at LMT are “reversed” compared to the patterns observed by comparable studies applied to other parameters and compounds, thus confirming the general complexity of anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere and their numerous effects on atmospheric chemistry. These observations could contribute to the monitoring and verification of new regulations and policies on environmental protection, cultural heritage preservation, and the mitigation of human health hazards in Calabria.
Smart Sport Watch Usage: The Dominant Role of Technology Readiness Over Exercise Motivation and Sensation Seeking
Authors: Tenenbaum Gershon , Ben-Zion Tomer , Hamburger Yair Amichai , Galily Yair , Lev Assaf
Published: October 2024

We aimed at studying the role technology readiness/acceptance, motivation for exercising, and sensation seeking plays in using or avoiding Smart Sport Watches (SSW). A sample of 315 adolescents, Mage = 29.6 (SD = 11.01) and healthy male (n = 95, 30.2%) and female (n = 179, 56.85%) completed all the measures of these variables’ dimensions via the internet. Multiple followed by univariate analyses of variance (MANOVA, ANOVA) were performed for each of the study’s psychological dimensions and single variables. The two categorical factors (e.g., BS factors) were the use of SSW (yes/no) and walk/run (yes/no). Results revealed that adolescents using SSW rated themselves significantly (p < .05) and substantially higher than their non-SSW users on positive readiness for technology (d = .47), and specifically on optimism (d = .34) and innovation (d = .51). Moreover, users of SSW reported significantly (p < .05) and substantially lower negative readiness for technology than their non-SSW users’ counterparts (d = -0.49), and specifically on discomfort (d = -0.38) and distrust (d = -50), but neither on the overall motivation for exercise dimensions nor on sensation-seeking, accept some trends. Moreover, Adolescents who walk/run reported being more internally motivated (d = 0.38), integrated (d = 0.61), and identified (d = 0.34) than their sedentary counterparts. Discussion centers on the important role of readiness/acceptance in using technological devices and the need to use technology-specific motivation and personality measures to further explore this phenomenon.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research in Ajuga reptans L. Herb Extracts
Authors: Maliuvanchuk Svitlana , Grytsyk Andriy , Popadynets Oksana , Kotyk Taras , Raal Ain , Koshovyi Oleh
Published: October 2024

The genus Ajuga (Lamiaceae family) comprises approximately 300 species. Species within this genus are widely used in traditional medicine and are known for their diaphoretic, antiseptic, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, they are scarcely used in official medicine. Therefore, the study of one of the most common species, Ajuga reptans L., holds promise for developing new medicinal products for clinical and pharmaceutical applications. In aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic extracts of A. reptans herb, 8 organic acids, 16 amino acids, 20 phenolic compounds, 10 volatile substances, and 9 phytosterols were identified. The assay of the main groups of biologically active substances in the obtained extracts was determined. Experimental results demonstrated that A. reptans herb extracts are practically non-toxic, exhibit hepatoprotective activity in experimental carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis, moderate anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced oedema models, and possess significant local hemostatic and wound-healing properties. The most significant reduction in bleeding was caused by applying the aqueous extract, reducing bleeding time by 40.6%. The aqueous-ethanolic A. reptans extract (50% ethanol) demonstrated complete wound healing after 9 days of its local administration. This extract also has the most pronounced hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. A. reptans extracts are capable of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and showing higher activity against gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts increases in direct correlation with the ethanol concentration as an extracting agent. A. reptans herb extracts are promising agents for implementation in official medicine as wound healing and hepatoprotective remedies.
Historical GIS Insights into Xi'an Urban Spatial Structure: Centralization, Expansion, and Modern Planning
Authors: Yang Dawei , Liu Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

This study uses Historical Geographic Information Systemsand spatial analysis methods like Space Syntax and Kernel Density Estimation to examine the urban spatial evolution of Xi'an from the Five Dynasties (907 CE) to the early People's Republic of China (1949 CE). By focusing on six historical periods, it reveals the city's transition from a centralized layout to a decentralized, multi-center form. The research shows that Xi'an's spatial structure was shaped by political, economic, cultural, and environmental forces. The Ming and Qing dynasties, in particular, saw economic diversification and the influence of the Silk Road, driving the city's outward expansion and the formation of multiple functional zones. The study also discusses how these historical changes offer valuable lessons for modern urban planning, particularly in balancing cultural heritage preservation with modernization. Overall, the findings provide fresh insights into the long-term urban development of historic cities and offer practical strategies for modern urban planning.
An Innovative Dynamic Model for Predicting Typhoon Track Deflections over Complex Terrain
Authors: Chen Hung-Cheng
Published: October 2024

This study presents an innovative, dynamic model for predicting typhoon track deflections over complex terrain. Based on potential vorticity conservation, the model incorporates a topographic adjusting parameter (α) and a meridional adjusting velocity (MAV) to capture the vortex’s response to terrain variations. Simulations using an idealized bell-shaped mountain and Taiwan's realistic topography reveal that steeper terrain gradients consistently deflect typhoon tracks southward. This steering effect intensifies with increasing vortex strength due to a larger α, leading to enhanced MAV. Shallower approach angles also amplify deflections due to prolonged terrain interaction. Results highlight the significant role of Taiwan's Central Mountain Range in shaping typhoon trajectories. This model offers a refined approach for predicting typhoon behavior near complex terrain, advancing forecasting capabilities, and enhancing disaster preparedness strategies.