bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naming, Shaming, and International Sporting Events
Authors: Bowersox Zack
Published: March 2016

Recently, the Winter Olympic Games in Russia and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup in Brazil have drawn attention as much for politics as the excitement of the competitions. Russia’s pursuance of discriminatory homosexual policies made it the target of international rights groups; Brazil’s exploitation of the poor for the sake of hosting the World Cup led to several high-profile protests ahead of the event. These large-scale international sporting competitions provide a ready-made platform for naming and shaming states that may have dubious human rights records. The question remains as to whether or not the shaming of these host states by international groups effectively changes a state’s behavior. This paper argues that states facing increased global media attention while hosting an event are likely to substitute repression of physical integrity rights with repression of civil and political rights in an effort to maintain favorable appearances internationally. However, I find support for both physical and expressive rights improving in states when shaming is conditioned on the selection to host an international sporting event.
Risk of graft-versus-host disease with rituximab-containing conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Marini Bernard L , Markstrom Denise , Frame David
Published: March 2016

Graft-versus-host disease represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. There is growing evidence that B lymphocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab-containing conditioning regimens in decreasing graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients who received standardized tacrolimus-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimens. Patients were divided into two cohorts, based on the presence (RTX, n = 54) or absence (No-RTX, n = 105) of rituximab in the conditioning regimen and were matched 1:2 for major graft-versus-host disease risk factors. The incidence of grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease was not different between the two groups (37% vs. 26%, p = 0.147). When restricting the analysis to recipients of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplants, the RTX group had a higher incidence of grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease, relapse, or death prior to day 100 (55% vs. 36%, p = 0.037). The median time to the onset of acute graft-versus-host disease was no different between the RTX and No-RTX groups (67 vs. 74 days, respectively, p = 0.141). Inhibition of antigen presentation by B cells with rituximab-based conditioning regimens does not appear to reduce the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Ibrutinib-associated tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Kaur Varinder , Swami Arjun
Published: March 2016

Mantle cell lymphoma accounts for 5–7% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Under the current WHO classification, it is categorized as an indolent B cell lymphoma, but has an aggressive clinical course. New insights into leukemogenic molecular pathways of mantle cell lymphoma have uncovered unique therapeutic targets. Ibrutinib, a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the newest drug in the arsenal that has shown promising efficacy in relapsed mantle cell lymphoma. Long-term studies have shown that grade 3 or 4 adverse events are infrequent. Asymptomatic lymphocytosis is frequently seen with ibrutinib use in mantle cell lymphoma; however, tumor lysis syndrome is an extremely rare complication. To date, only two patients with ibrutinib-associated tumor lysis syndrome in mantle cell lymphoma have been described in a long-term follow-up study. Both patients met laboratory criteria for tumor lysis syndrome, however, but did not develop clinical tumor lysis syndrome. We, here describe a patient with relapsed mantle cell lymphoma who developed clinical tumor lysis syndrome with ibrutinib monotherapy.
Changes in bioactive compounds and oxidative enzymes of fresh-cut pomegranate arils during storage as affected by deficit irrigation and postharvest vapor heat treatments
Authors: Peña-Estévez María E , Gómez Perla A , Artés Francisco , Aguayo Encarna , Martínez-Hernández Ginés Benito , Galindo Alejandro , Torecillas Arturo , Artés-Hernández Francisco
Published: March 2016

The effect of postharvest vapor heat treatments at 95℃ (4, 7, and 10 s) regarding a conventional sanitizing treatment with 100 mg NaClO l−1 on enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), phenolic content, and total antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut pomegranates arils throughout 18 days at 5℃ was studied. Furthermore, the effect of two sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies, compared to a standardly irrigated control (CTRL), was also studied on such quality parameters throughout storage. Arils from CTRL-irrigated fruit registered phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase initial activities of 60.6, 382, and 14.4 U g-1 fw, respectively. Arils from sustained deficit irrigation fruit registered 46–58% lower phenylalanine ammonia lyase values while polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities did not register great variants (<9%) among both sustained deficit irrigation treatments. Postharvest vapor heat treatments enhanced phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in those samples from sustained deficit irrigation fruit although no great peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase (<2–5%) increases were observed. Arils from SDI1 fruit registered higher phenolic content than those values reported for CTRL samples. However, phenolic compounds decreased during storage, in a greater extent for sustained deficit irrigation samples, although 7 s arils achieved better phenolic compounds retention in sustained deficit irrigation samples. Vapor heat treatments reduced up to twofold the total antioxidant capacity losses observed in samples sanitized by conventional NaOCl treatment during shelf life. Conclusively, postharvest vapor heat treatment for 7 and 10 s used to extend the shelf life of pomegranate arils up to 18 days at 5℃ reduced the losses of health-promoting compounds during storage compared to conventional NaOCl sanitizing treatment.
What Do We Know About the Demand for Evaluation? Insights From the Parliamentary Arena
Authors: Bundi Pirmin
Published: March 2016

Research on evaluation has mainly focused on the use of evaluation and has given little attention to the origins of evaluation demand. In this article, I consider the question of why parliamentarians demand evaluations with parliamentary requests. Building on the literature of delegation, I use a principal-agent framework to explain the origins of evaluation demand. In doing so, I argue that the parliamentarians mainly demand evaluations in order to hold the government accountable. The quantitative analysis shows that Swiss parliamentarians demand more evaluations if they have the impression that the administration does not implement the policies within their meaning. This finding suggests that parliamentarians demand evaluations in order to fulfill their oversight function towards the government. This conclusion could be relevant in order to understand the role of evaluations within the parliamentary arena.
Unpacking knowledge translation in participatory research: a micro-level study
Authors: Lillehagen Ida , Heggen Kristin , Engebretsen Eivind
Published: March 2016

Objectives

Funding bodies, policy makers, researchers and clinicians are seeking strategies to increase the translation of knowledge between research and practice. Participatory research encompasses a range of approaches for clinicians’ involvement in research in the hope of increasing the relevance and usability of research. Our aim was to explore how knowledge is translated and integrated in participants’ presentations and negotiations about knowledge.

Methods

Twelve collaboration meetings were observed, and discussions between researchers and clinicians were recorded. The material was examined using the following analytical terms: knowledge object, knowledge form, knowledge position and knowledge tasks.

Results

We identified a recurring rhetorical pattern in translational processes that we call ‘relevance testing’: a strategy by which the participants attempt to create coherence and identify relevance across different contexts. The limitation of this translational strategy was a tendency to reinforce a ‘two-communities’ logic: re-establishing the separated worlds and rationales between clinicians and researchers. The ‘translational work’ that unfolds during discussions remains implicit. It may be that participants are unable to explicitly address and identify the knowledge translation processes because they lack necessary conceptual tools.

Conclusions

Our results contribute to increased awareness about translational processes and provide a language through which barriers to translation can be addressed.
Understanding physical educators’ perceptions of mattering
Authors: R. Richards K. Andrew , Gaudreault Karen Lux , Woods Amelia Mays
Published: March 2016

Previous research has illustrated that physical educators feel their subject is valued less than others in the context of schools. However, to date, no instruments have been developed to measure physical education teachers’ perceptions of mattering. This study sought to propose and validate the Perceived Mattering Questionnaire – Physical Education (PMQ-PE). In total, 460 physical educators completed an online survey that measured perceived mattering, role stress, and resilience. Data analysis began with exploratory factor analysis to identify a stable two-factor structure that measured physical educators’ perceptions that they matter and that the discipline of physical education matters. Next, confirmatory factor analysis was used to affirm the factor structure and to examine convergent, discriminant, and divergent validity. The model was a good fit for the data and the PMQ-PE correlated positively with resilience and negatively with role stress. These analyses support initial validation of the PMQ-PE.
Investigation of indoor environmental quality in urban dwellings with schoolchildren in Beijing, China
Authors: Fan Guangtao , Xie Jingchao , Liu Jiaping , Yoshino Hiroshi
Published: March 2016

This study attempts to collect more comprehensive data about the indoor environmental quality in urban dwellings with schoolchildren in Beijing, China. For this purpose, indoor air temperature, relative humidity and the levels of indoor chemical and biological pollutants in 14 households were measured in 2013. Results show that, in cold winter, indoor relative humidity was often lower than the comfort limit of 30%, while indoor CO2 concentration was often higher than the acceptable level of 1000 ppm in poorly ventilated homes with high occupant load. Indoor PM2.5 pollution was very severe with the highest level of 523 µg/m3 in living room and 345 µg/m3 in children’s bedroom in winter. Compared with the recommended thresholds, the levels of indoor volatile organic compounds and carbonyl compounds in most homes were low. Cigarette smoke is an important indoor source of PM2.5, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and benzene. Also, there are significant correlations between the concentration of total volatile organic compounds and other compounds (acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene and toluene). Furthermore, two phthalates: di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate were frequently detected in house dust. Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Aspergillus were predominant fungi in indoor air. The fungal pollution levels in different seasons and rooms were also compared.
The childcatchers: An exploration of the representations and discourses of social work in UK film and television drama from the 1960s to the present day
Authors: Edmondson David , King Martin
Published: March 2016

This article reports on research undertaken to critically examine portrayals, representations and discourses of social work and social workers in UK film and television drama from the 1960s to the present day. The research analysed four film and television dramas where social work and social workers were featured: Cathy Come Home (1966), Ladybird Ladybird (1994), Happy Go Lucky (2008) and Oranges and Sunshine (2010). The research aimed to examine portrayals and representations of social work and social workers in UK film and television drama; inform and develop an understanding of contemporary narratives and discourses about social work and contribute to debates about the purpose and future of social work.

Findings

Portrayals and representations of social work in UK film and television drama often encourage and reinforce an overly simplistic, hostile and negative impression of the profession, work which is presented as predominantly focused on child protection and the removal of children from families. Social workers are typically characterised as incompetent, bureaucratic, well-meaning but misguided. This potentially endorses neo-liberal ideologies and discourses about welfare, welfare recipients, welfare provision and social service.

Applications

This approach to the topic offers an accessible and interesting platform for research, teaching and policy development, which has the potential to critically inform debates about the future and purpose of social work and welfare in the United Kingdom.
The place of service-user expertise in evidence-based practice
Authors: Davies Kate , Gray Mel
Published: March 2016

This article considers the place of service-user knowledge and expertise within an evidence-based practice perspective. It makes a strong argument that client involvement is a core principle of Sackett et al.'s foundational approach in evidence-based medicine. In so doing, it draws on research on service-users' perceptions and experiences of evidence-based practice.

Findings

For service users, evidence-based practice lacks relevance and trustworthiness unless it explicitly factors in the expertise of service users themselves. Evidence-based practice is seen to have merit as a tool for enhancing accountability, but service users see a role for themselves at individual and representative levels in the process of evidence-based practice. They place a high value on the expertise derived from lived experience, and recognise that fluctuations in capacity and changes in circumstances of many service users require a flexible approach to their participation in decision making. A pragmatic approach to the conceptualisation of evidence is recommended, which not only maintains scientific rigour inherent in evidence-based practice but also more strongly emphasises the process of analysing evidence appropriate to a particular individual's preferences and circumstances.

Applications

For human service practitioners, this study emphasises the need to develop professional skills in assessing the capacities, circumstances and preferences of clients and analysing and applying evidence for practice in ways that conform to a client-centred approach. It also indicates a need for researchers and practitioners to recognise and value service-user expertise.
Looking into care: The reliability and feasibility of a Taxonomy of Care for Youth
Authors: Evenboer KE , Huyghen AMN , Tuinstra J , Reijneveld SA , Knorth EJ
Published: March 2016

Classifying the care provided to children with emotional and behavioural problems can provide empirical insights into the relationship between child characteristics, the care offered and outcomes after leaving care. The Taxonomy of Care for Youth (TOCFY) has recently been shown to validly classify this care in six domains covering all aspects of care. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and feasibility of TOCFY. Two raters independently classified the care provided to 200 children (50 per organisation) from organisations in primary health care, child and youth care, and mental health care (two organisations), based on their care records. We assessed inter-rater reliability and the degree to which TOCFY categories could be applied anyhow, that is its feasibility.

Findings

Mean agreement was 89.8% between raters; excluding the cases scored as ‘unknown’, the mean agreement was 82.2%. TOCFY-categories could be applied for over 90% regarding each of the six domains.

Applications

TOCFY is a valid, reliable and feasible instrument to classify care within different types of care organisations. Give these promising findings, application and further evaluation of TOCFY is recommended.
The use of family group conferences in mental health: Barriers for implementation
Authors: Schout Gert , van Dijk Marjolein , Meijer Ellen , Landeweer Elleke , de Jong Gideon
Published: March 2016

The number of compulsory admissions in Dutch psychiatry has increased in the past 25 years. The reduction of coercion with Family Group Conferences in youth care has been successful. How, when and under what conditions can Family Group Conferences reduce coercion in adult psychiatry, is subject of an extensive inquiry. This paper, however, focusses on the reverse question, namely, in what circumstances can Family Group Conferences not be deployed? An answer to this question provides insights regarding situations in which Family Group Conferences may (not) be useful. Barriers in 17 cases were examined using multiple case studies.

Findings

The following barriers emerged: (1) the acute danger in coercion situations, the limited time available, the fear of liability and the culture of control and risk aversion in mental health care; (2) the severity of the mental state of clients leading to difficulties in decision-making and communication; (3) considering an Family Group Conference and involving familial networks as an added value in crisis situation is not part of the thinking and acting of professionals in mental health care; (4) clients and their network (who) are not open to an Family Group Conference.

Applications

Awareness of the barriers for Family Group Conferences can help to keep an open mind for its capacity to strengthen the partnership between clients, familial networks and professionals. The application of Family Group Conferences can help to effectuate professional and ethical values of social workers in their quest for the least coercive care.
Communicating concern or making claims? The 2012 press releases of UK child welfare and protection agencies
Authors: Clapton Gary , Cree Viviene E
Published: March 2016

Child welfare and protection agencies play an important role in bringing concerns about children and young people to public attention. The press release is a key tool within this. This article reports on findings from an analysis of press releases from selected UK child welfare and protection agencies in 2012. It demonstrates that the information contained in press releases is neither neutral nor dispassionate. Instead, press releases are found to be political artefacts, whose purpose is to galvanise and shape opinion and garner support for a particular standpoint, campaign or the agency itself. In this respect, they must be understood as ‘claims-making’ activities. Because of this, they should, it will be argued, be subject to the same critical scrutiny that we would expect to bring to the presentation of all ‘evidence’.
The confessing academic and living the present otherwise: Appraisal interviews and logbooks in academia
Authors: Fejes Andreas
Published: March 2016

In this paper, drawing on the work of Michel Foucault, I argue that academics are enmeshed in power relations in which confession operates, both on and through academics. Drawing on Foucault’s genealogy of confession, I illustrate how academics are not only invited to reflect on performance, faults, temptations and desires in their work and private life, but as teachers they mobilise the same kind of technology in relation to students. These power relations are connected to wider changes in society, where discourses on New Public Management have become all pervasive in organising and governing public institutions. The examples of the use of appraisal interviews and logbooks as governing techniques illustrate how government currently operates through the freedom of the individual. The paper ends with a discussion on how books of life could introduce a different relation of the self to the self in academia, and thus provide opportunities to live the present otherwise.
The Ever-Shifting Excuses for Demonizing Black People in America
Authors: Diversi Marcelo
Published: March 2016

Eric Garner is choked to death in Staten Island, New York. Michael Brown is executed in the streets of Ferguson, Missouri. Another year passes and many more unarmed Black men die at the hands of law enforcement. Brutality against people of African ancestry continues to be justified by the American establishment. As citizens, how do we make sense of the police killing of unarmed young Black men? How do we make sense of the ways in which these killings continue to be justified by the White establishment? How do we talk to a new generation of children in ways that will prevent the horrors of racial profiling against Black people from being replaced by White supremacist narratives of justification? This article examines the entrenched racism in a country that started with a Declaration of Independence written by slave-owners, and how so many White people of all ages, religions, classes, and regions can claim not being prejudiced against African Americans while, under the same breath, justifying the police killing of unarmed African American men. It criticizes the colorblind movement and proposes ways to move toward more powerful narratives of solidarity and redemption for the historical violence against Black people in America.
An offset optimization approach for coordinated signal systems with preferred measure considerations
Authors: Lv Bin , Tian Zong
Published: March 2016

By analyzing the limitations of existing offset optimization models about coordinated signal systems and considering the random distribution of road travel speed, we obtain an offset optimization algorithm based on the multi-attribute decision-making method, in which road travel speed, delay, and queue length are considered. Finally, the algorithm is applied to a coordinated signal system and an analysis is conducted using SIMIO, a simulation tool. The results show that the optimized model improves the existing models for offset optimization of coordinated signal system.
Perspectives of family members of people with an intellectual disability to a major reconfiguration of living arrangements for people with intellectual disability in Ireland
Authors: O’Doherty Siobhain , Linehan Christine , Tatlow-Golden Mimi , Craig Sarah , Kerr Mike , Lynch Christy , Staines Anthony
Published: March 2016

Aim:

To document the views of family members of people with an intellectual disability regarding implementation of a personalized model of social support in Ireland.

Method:

Forty family members participated in six focus groups. Data were thematically analysed.

Results:

Family members’ preference for particular types of living arrangements were highly reflective of their lived experience. Facilitators to community living included timely information on proposed moves, adequate staffing, suitable properties and locations and consideration of the characteristics of individuals who share a property. Barriers included high support needs, advanced age, a fear of relinquishing current supports, a fear of the sustainability of newer models of residential support and concerns about community opposition.

Conclusion:

The family perspective to reform is characterized by fear and suspicion of the motivation behind these reforms, with cost efficiencies being perceived as a main driver. Greater information is required to empower families to make informed decisions.
Communication, development, and social change in Spain: A field between institutionalization and implosion
Authors: Marí Sáez Víctor Manuel
Published: March 2016

This article renders an account of the rapid institutionalization of the academic field of Communication for Development and Social Change in Spain in recent years following a period of neglect and marginalization. The ongoing expansion of the field of Communication for Development and Social Change in the Spanish context is understood as a process of implosion, i.e., a collapse inwards, which results from the inconsistencies and weaknesses of fast and late institutionalization. The methodological approach for this inquiry is a documental review of both academic literature and research and institutional reports produced in Spain between 1980 and 2010. Based on this review, the article contrasts the trajectory of the field in Spain with the debates at the international level, establishing relevant continuities and differences.
Subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage from intracranial hemangiopericytoma: An uncommon cause of intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Seki Syunsuke , Kamide Tomoya , Tamase Akira , Mori Kentaro , Yanagimoto Kunio , Nomura Motohiro
Published: March 2016

Background

Hemorrhage from an intracranial tumor is well known but uncommon. In cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysm rupture is a main cause.

Case description

A 64-year-old woman presented with sudden-onset motor aphasia. Computed tomography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe. From the findings of pre-enhancement computed tomography, hemorrhage from a left middle cerebral artery aneurysm was initially suspected. Further radiological examinations demonstrated an enhanced mass with dural attachment in the left temporal region, but no vascular abnormality. Emergency craniotomy was performed, and the tumor and intracerebral hematoma were removed. The hemorrhage from fragile tumor vessels may destroy the tumor tissue and spread into the temporal lobe and subarachnoid space. Pathological examination of the tumor yielded findings consistent with hemangiopericytoma. Post-operatively, the patient was treated to prevent vasospasm.

Conclusion

Although an intracranial tumor including hemangiopericytoma uncommonly causes subarachnoid hemorrhage, it should be taken into consideration as a source of intracranial hemorrhage.
Serum chemerin and high-sensitivity C reactive protein as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lachine Nagwa A. , Elnekiedy Abdel Aziz , Megallaa Magdy Helmy , Khalil Gihane I. , Sadaka Mohamed A. , Rohoma Kamel H. , Kassab Heba S.
Published: March 2016

Context:

Chemerin is one of the adipokines that regulate fat metabolism. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) may be considered as a cardiovascular risk predictor. Measuring intima-media thickness of the CCA (C-IMT) is a well-evidenced tool for the detection of early stages of atherosclerosis. We aimed here to study both serum chemerin and hs-CRP as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes, who are angiographically free of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Subjects and methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 subjects divided into two groups: Group A included 90 type 2 diabetic patients without CAD and group B including 90 nondiabetic control subjects. All study subjects were having normal coronary angiography. Serum chemerin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, hs-CRP as well as C-IMT were assessed in all study subjects.

Results:

There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding serum chemerin level, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and C-IMT; being higher in the diabetic patients than in the control group ( p = 0.006, 0.024, 0.040 and <0.001, respectively). There was positive correlation between serum chemerin level and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and C-IMT. Carotid intima-media thickness was positively correlated with patients’ WHR, blood pressure, HbA1c, diabetes duration as well as hs-CRP, and negatively correlated with ankle-brachial index (ABI). Linear regression analysis showed that HbA1c, serum chemerin and hs-CRP were independently affecting C-IMT. Serum hs-CRP was positively correlated with HbA1c and HOMA-IR ( p = 0.006 and 0.032, respectively), and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol level ( p = 0.018).

Conclusion:

Both serum chemerin and hs-CRP could be considered as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, and hence, may be utilized for the early detection of macrovascular disease, in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes.
Employer Perceptions of Oral Communication Competencies Most Valued in New Hires as a Factor in Company Success
Authors: Ortiz Lorelei A. , Region-Sebest Michelle , MacDermott Catherine
Published: March 2016

This article presents findings of a 2014 survey of 72 U.S. employers asking: Which oral communication skills are most utilized daily by new hires? Which oral skills are most important to company success? The study utilized Qualtrics to administer a mixed-methods, 12-question survey to employers of various sizes and across various industries. Findings show that employers rank (a) proper grammar use, (b) team communication, (c) ability to engage in conversation, (d) meeting participation, and (e) ability to speak well using the telephone as the most valued oral competencies for new hires as a factor in company success.
How I treat respiratory viral infections in the setting of intensive chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Waghmare Alpana , Englund Janet A. , Boeckh Michael
Published: March 2016

The widespread use of multiplex molecular diagnostics has led to a significant increase in the detection of respiratory viruses in patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Respiratory viruses initially infect the upper respiratory tract and then progress to lower respiratory tract disease in a subset of patients. Lower respiratory tract disease can manifest itself as airflow obstruction or viral pneumonia, which can be fatal. Infection in HCT candidates may require delay of transplantation. The risk of progression differs between viruses and immunosuppressive regimens. Risk factors for progression and severity scores have been described, which may allow targeting treatment to high-risk patients. Ribavirin is the only antiviral treatment option for noninfluenza respiratory viruses; however, high-quality data demonstrating its efficacy and relative advantages of the aerosolized versus oral form are lacking. There are significant unmet needs, including data defining the virologic characteristics and clinical significance of human rhinoviruses, human coronaviruses, human metapneumovirus, and human bocavirus, as well as the need for new treatment and preventative options.
Associations between non-discrimination and training policies and physicians’ attitudes and knowledge about sexual and gender minority patients: a comparison of physicians from two hospitals
Authors: Jabson Jennifer M. , Mitchell Jason W. , Doty Benjamin
Published: March 2016

Background

Some physicians lack knowledge and awareness about health issues specific to sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. To help improve this, hospitals have implemented policies that mandate non-discrimination and training to promote sexual and gender minority health. There is limited evidence about how such policies relate to physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and gender and sexual minority affirmative practices.

Method

A random sample of 1000 physicians was recruited from a complete list of physicians affiliated with one of two university Hospitals located in Tennessee and 180 physicians completed the survey concerning attitudes and knowledge about SGM individuals. Physicians were affiliated with either Hospital A that had not implemented policies for non-discrimination and training, or Hospital B that did.

Results

Physicians held different attitudes about SGM patients than non-patients. Physicians affiliated with Hospital A held more negative attitudes about SGM individuals who were non-patients than physicians affiliated with Hospital B. There were no differences between the two hospitals in physicians’ attitudes and knowledge about SGM patients.

Conclusion

Policies that mandate non-discrimination and training as they currently exist may not improve physicians’ attitudes and knowledge about SGM individuals. Additional research is needed to understand how these policies and trainings relate to physicians’ SGM affirmative practices.
Genome sequence of Shimia str. SK013, a representative of the Roseobacter group isolated from marine sediment
Authors: Kanukollu Saranya , Voget Sonja , Pohlner Marion , Vandieken Verona , Petersen Jörn , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Woyke Tanja , Shapiro Nicole , Göker Markus , Klenk Hans-Peter , Cypionka Heribert , Engelen Bert
Published: March 2016

Shimia strain SK013 is an aerobic, Gram-negative, rod shaped alphaproteobacterium affiliated with the Roseobacter group within the family Rhodobacteraceae. The strain was isolated from surface sediment (0–1 cm) of the Skagerrak at 114 m below sea level. The 4,049,808 bp genome of Shimia str. SK013 comprises 3,981 protein-coding genes and 47 RNA genes. It contains one chromosome and no extrachromosomal elements. The genome analysis revealed the presence of genes for a dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase, demethylase and the trimethylamine methyltransferase (mttB) as well as genes for nitrate, nitrite and dimethyl sulfoxide reduction. This indicates that Shimia str. SK013 is able to switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and thus is capable of aerobic and anaerobic sulfur cycling at the seafloor. Among the ability to convert other sulfur compounds it has the genetic capacity to produce climatically active dimethyl sulfide. Growth on glutamate as a sole carbon source results in formation of cell-connecting filaments, a putative phenotypic adaptation of the surface-associated strain to the environmental conditions at the seafloor. Genome analysis revealed the presence of a flagellum (fla1) and a type IV pilus biogenesis, which is speculated to be a prerequisite for biofilm formation. This is also related to genes responsible for signalling such as N-acyl homoserine lactones, as well as quip-genes responsible for quorum quenching and antibiotic biosynthesis. Pairwise similarities of 16S rRNA genes (98.56 % sequence similarity to the next relative S. haliotis) and the in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (21.20 % sequence similarity to S. haliotis) indicated Shimia str. SK013 to be considered as a new species. The genome analysis of Shimia str. SK013 offered first insights into specific physiological and phenotypic adaptation mechanisms of Roseobacter-affiliated bacteria to the benthic environment.
Red-Shifted Photochromism of Diarylethenes Induced by Shear Stress
Authors: Inoue Takeshi , Inokuchi Makoto
Published: March 2016

The solid-state photochromism of two diarylethenes, 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) and 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzothiophen-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene (2a), under shear stress has been investigated. It was found that 1a and 2a exhibited photochromic behavior, transforming from their open-ring isomers to closed-ring isomers during irradiation with visible light while under shear stress. This phenomenon was similar to that observed for cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)ethene (CMTE). These phenomena in 1a, 2a, and CMTE are intriguing because, ordinarily, photochromism in diarylethenes requires irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. The application of shear stress allowed non-photochromic crystal 2a to undergo photochromism. Visible absorption spectra for the three diarylethenes indicated that shear stress induced a red shift in the absorption, spanning from the UV region to the visible region. As a result, the diarylethenes in the solid state were able to absorb visible light around 400 nm for 1a and 2a, and 500 nm for CMTE, with photochromism confirmed by the appearance of a new absorption. Herein, we explore the comparative effects of shear stress and hydrostatic pressure.
Digestive health in the foal
Authors: Hardy Emma
Published: March 2016

Dr Emma Hardy explores the ways in which the equine GI tract develops and changes after birth
A Culture Hero: Xiangsheng (Crosstalk) Performer Guo Degang
Authors: Cai Shenshen
Published: March 2016

As one of the most popular performing arts of China the inherent function of xiangsheng is entertainment. However, after the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), xiangsheng was enlisted by the official propaganda machine as a tool for promoting political and social objectives. The transformation of xiangsheng was pioneered in the 1950s by the Small Group for the Improvement of Xiangsheng (Beijing xiangsheng gaijin xiaozu, hereafter referred to as “the Group”), who championed the merging of this grassroots people’s form of entertainment, with a political agenda. By the end of the Cultural Revolution, xiangsheng was employed to mock and deride the Gang of Four; however, it was not until the middle of the 1980s that xiangsheng performance started to disengage from its official role and gradually resume its indigenous social function as genuine satire. In the recent decade, one emerging xiangsheng master, Guo Degang, has been very influential in carrying out this transformation. Just as the members of the Group shifted the social function of xiangsheng from entertainment to the political tool of “serving the party,” Guo Degang has been turning its focus back to “serving the people” as a means of entertainment and social criticism. This article will examine how Guo has resurrected the essence of xiangsheng , successfully commercialized it in a market economy, and simultaneously deconstructed the official discourse through grassroots means.
The Lure of Sadness: The Fever of Yueju and The Butterfly Lovers in the Early PRC
Authors: Xu Lanjun
Published: March 2016

The first decade of the newly formed People’s Republic of China (PRC) has often been considered as the golden age of yueju , an all-female theatre. It originated in the countryside of Zhejiang Province and became a popular form of theatre in the metropolis of Shanghai from the 1930s to the 1960s. In particular, the 1950s and 1960s were the crucial decades that saw yueju develop from a form of local drama into a national one, second only to jingju (Peking opera) in nationwide scale, gradually even developing an international influence. In the 1950s, the PRC adapted quite a few local operas into films and exported them throughout Asia, as well as Western countries, in hopes of promoting friendship with neighboring nations as well as blurring the boundaries of the Iron Curtain. The political movements of the early decade of the PRC, such as the reform of local drama genres and the propagation of the Marriage Law, certainly played a role in this cultural phenomenon. This article, however, will also give special attention to the role of the newly formed government’s cultural diplomacy in stoking the yueju fever. I argue that its popularity in the 1950s not only needs to be understood in domestic terms but also should be historicized in the context of the Cold War.
Dramatizing 1Malaysia in Contemporary Chinese Lion Dance
Authors: Ying Loo Fung , Chiat Loo Fung
Published: March 2016

This article looks into the evolution of the diasporic Chinese lion dance in Malaysia. More importantly, it examines how this traditional art genre stands out among the many other forms that have withstood extinction. Although once regarded as foreign to the national culture in Malaysia due to its identity as a Chinese folk art, it was first threatened, but not abandoned. Malaysia eventually responded by merging the northern and southern lion styles and developing a World Lion Dance Championship. This article will elaborate on the origin of the lion dance, and examine changes that may be factors in its sustainability. More importantly, the article examines the political concept of 1Malaysia introduced by Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Haji Mohammad Najib Tun Haji Abdul Razak in 2008 that has brought a new model to the lion dance in aiming for national unity. Kun Seng Keng Dragon and Lion Dance Troupe’s practice exemplifies this phenomenon.
Grup Gedebong Goyang: Female, Funny, and Foreign
Authors: Strawson Tiffany
Published: March 2016

This research offers an overview of Grup Gedebong Goyang (Gyrating Banana Tree Trunk Group), composed of four Western women who have married Balinese. The group’s women-centered comedy demonstrates a high knowledge of Balinese cultural etiquette through presenting traditional dances, showing understanding of caste and ritual ceremony, and speaking Balinese, a complicated hierarchical language. By attempting to be viewed as “same,” they cleverly position themselves as “other” and encourage the audience to both laugh at and with them. The group challenges stereotypes in relation to tamu (guest) and bulé (“whitie”) to promote new, more positive definitions for the resident foreigner in Bali.
The Cross Currents of Modern Theatre and China’s National Theatre Movement of 1925–1926
Authors: Liu Siyuan
Published: March 2016

One of the significant events in the history of modern Chinese theatre huaju (spoken drama) is the 1925–1926 National Theatre Movement (Guoju Yundong) by a group of intellectuals who had returned from studies in theatre, fine art, and art criticism in the United States and Britain. They sought to reinsert indigenous performance into huaju that had, since the late 1910s, rejected “old theatre” as primitive and inartistic and pursued a socially conscious and script-centric form of theatre. While the proponents of the National Theatre Movement were well aligned with contemporary Western antirealistic theatre, they failed to change the minds of local adherents of this huaju orthodoxy, including their students, through their endeavors in a new theatre department at the National Arts School and a short-lived weekly theatre supplement at Beijing’s biggest newspaper Chenbao (Morning Post). So far, studies of this important event at an early crossroad for huaju ’s future have almost exclusively relied on articles from the Morning Post Theatre Supplement ’s fifteen issues published in the summer of 1926. This article seeks to significantly expand our scope of critical vision by examining several streams of new evidence, including a rival weekly theatre supplement at another Beijing newspaper that was edited by students of the Arts School’s theatre department. Together, they introduce much-needed nuance to our assessment of the movement’s theoretical strength and the variegated forces and reasons behind its demise.
A Preliminary Overview of Dutch East Indies and Indonesian Xiqu History and Present Practice
Authors: Stenberg Josh
Published: March 2016

No overview of the history of non-puppet xiqu in the Dutch East Indies and in Indonesia is presently available in any language. This article draws on colonial sources, contemporary Indonesian newspapers, the incidental mentions of xiqu in the works of Indonesianists and Chinese-language theatre scholars as well as fieldwork to produce a sketch of its history and present practice. The results of this line of inquiry suggest that xiqu was a common practice on Java from the seventeenth century, and by the late colonial period in all areas of the Indies where a substantial Chinese community existed. The reintroduction of xiqu into Indonesian performance historiography points the way to discovering historical connections between xiqu and non-Chinese strains of performance in the archipelago. Considering xiqu as a maritime good in circulation during the late colonial period will generate an improved understanding of cultural ties between Southeast Asia and China, and among Chinese communities of Southeast Asia, while allowing an informed examination of the (re)development of such ties in the present era.
The Eternal Thread : Gunsam Lee’s First Play in English
Authors: Kim Wook-Dong
Published: March 2016

Based on a recently discovered typescript of his first play, The Eternal Thread , which Gunsam Lee (Korean name Yi Geun-Sam) wrote in English in the United States in 1958, this article aims to situate Lee as a playwright of tragedy, rather than a playwright of comedy, as he has been commonly regarded. This play clearly shows that he was interested in tragedy in his earliest career as a playwright. Even his later plays are strongly tinged with a dark sense of life, thus making his whole body of work tragicomic. This article discusses his training in playwriting and dramaturgy in the United States before he played his pivotal role in Korea until his demise in 2003.
Performing Bidesiyā in Bihar: Strategy for Survival, Strategies for Performance
Authors: Prakash Brahma
Published: March 2016

Bidesiyā is a popular folk performance from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in eastern India. Similar to other popular theatre genres, such as jātrā of Bengal and nauṭaṅkī theatre of Uttar Pradesh, bidesiyā incorporates dance, drama, music, acrobatics and other arts. Because of the prominence of lauṇḍā (female impersonator) actors, bidesiyā is often called lauṇḍā-nāc (the dance of female impersonators). The performance emerged as a cultural response to the British era colonial outmigration of the nineteenth and early twentieth as a text of tribulation of those who were left behind remembering those often forcefully migrated to bidesh (foreign land). Bidesiyā continues to be performed with similar echoes of labor and migration. During the time of my fieldwork in 2009–2011 in Patna, Vaishali, and Nalanda districts, there were more than two hundred such bidesiyā parties (troupes) estimated to be performing. This study gives an overview of bidesiyā theatre in Bihar in relation to the inseparable link between a performance and a marginalized community’s struggles for survival based on viewing forty performance by twelve groups and focused on the works of two popular troupes.
Abortion Politics: The Context of the Cuomo-O’Connor Debate, 1980–1984
Authors: Karrer Robert N.
Published: March 2016

New York’s Catholic Governor Mario Cuomo (1932–2015) personally affirmed the Church’s position on abortion; however, his “pro-life” convictions did not translate into public policy, believing he should not impose his religious beliefs on others. As a pro-choice politician, Cuomo clashed with New York’s Archbishop John J. O’Connor (1920–2000) in 1984 over abortion and the role of the Church and its members, including politicians, in advancing “pro-life” measures. The ensuing Cuomo-O’Connor debate must be viewed in the context of other abortion-related discussions between 1980 and 1984, including the unsuccessful attempt to pass a human life amendment, the divide between American bishops and their new allies in the “religious right,” the bishops’ pastoral letter, The Challenge of Peace , and Chicago Archbishop Joseph Bernardin’s “consistent ethic of life” teaching. Cuomo, in voicing his personal opposition to abortion, yet refusing to impose the beliefs on others, skillfully walked a tightrope between his Catholicism and his politics even as O’Connor questioned how he could profess to be both a Catholic and govern as a pro-choice elected official.