bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Virtual-Water Futures Based on Food Safety
Authors: Tian Gui Liang , Sun Xing Bo , Wu Xi
Published: August 2014

Global climate disasters happen frequent, agricultural production has led to great instability. The drought disasters are the most serious in these climate disasters. However, agricultural water shortage areas lack of response mechanism to drought disasters. To resist these sudden drought events and uncertainties, this paper has designed a mode of operation of virtual water futures. Then, we analyze the procession of the virtual water futures balancing generalized regional water, as well as elaborated virtual water futures how to hedge the grain yield loss risk. At last, we conclude that virtual water is an effective supplement for agricultural water, agricultural virtual water futures hedging can protect the region's food supply and reduce agricultural losses.
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulation on China's Manufacturing Industry Innovation Capacity
Authors: Wu Yu Lin , Li Xue Qian , Liu Mei Ling
Published: August 2014

In this paper, Chinese manufacturing industry is studied. We use the 2003-2010 panel data to analysis the impact of environmental regulation on the industrial innovation. In three cases of no time lag, one year later and two year later, all empirical results show that: the environmental regulation does not promote our country manufacturing industry to promote industrial innovation capacity.
Correlations of Substrate Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities with Wastewater Purification Effects in Subsurface Infiltration System
Authors: Pan Jing , Song Si Yu , Zhang Yang
Published: August 2014

The number of substrate microorganisms and enzyme activities of a lab-scale subsurface infiltration system (SIS) were monitored by plate counts, MPN and colorimetric analysis. The removal rates of BOD, COD, TP, TN and ammonia-N were measured. The results showed there were significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) between numbers of bacteria, fungi in the substrate and removal rates of COD and BOD. The correlation between number of nitrifying bacteria and removal rates of ammonia-N and correlation between number of denitrifying bacteria and removal rates of TN were significant. Meanwhile, a significant correlation between phosphatase activities and removal rates of TP (r=0.9885, P<0.05) can be also found. There was significantly positive correlation between urease activities and removal rates of TN (r=0.9698, P<0.05). These conclusions give reference to future research on utilizing substrate microorganisms and enzyme activities as an evaluating wastewater purification effects in SIS.
A Strategy Research on Building Green Hotels under the Background of Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Yu Tong
Published: August 2014

Under the historical background of global low-carbon economy, the ideology of green hotel management arises and green hotel becomes the inexorable trend of hotel industry. Through field investigation and literature analysis, this paper found the problems existing in the China green hotel.Such as,the construction and transformation cost of green hotel is higher;Our country’s hotel industries is lack experience in green hotel management; the consumption idea and patterns of Chinese people need to change.Finally, the study put forward the strategy of the create green hotel. The newly-built hotels should build up green hotels from the planning and design;The hotel that has been built should strengthen energy-saving technological remolding;To build up low carbon system;Following the rule of conserving;Guiding consumers to establish low carbon environmental protection consciousness.
Applying Eco-Efficiency and Emergy Theory to the Quantitative Evaluation of Tourism Industry Ecologicalization
Authors: Lu Fen , Ming Qing Zhong , Liu Hong Fang , Luo Wen Hua
Published: August 2014

Non-ecological phenomenon of tourism industry makes it improve eco-efficiency and sustainable development. Eco-efficiency and emergy methods are the useful instrument for eco-system, and indicate an empirical relation between environment cost and environment impact. The paper puts forward 4 steps of the tourism industry ecological evaluation by eco-efficiency and emergy analysis. They are: draw tourism industry emergy system diagram; decision research area and set up an emergy evaluation table; set up eco-efficiency index system of tourism industry; collect data and calculate the eco-efficiency of tourism industry. Finally, some questions are discussed: how does the eco-efficiency of tourism industry compare to other sectors of the national and global economy; how to improve eco-efficiency of tourism industry; can eco-efficiency assess the sustainability of tourism industry?
Research of “One-Station Three Factories” Cyclic Economy Mode in Scale Framing
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Shan Shan
Published: August 2014

This project orients on large-scale farming families and farms, explores the “one-station three factories” cyclic economy that biogas power plants for farming established, promotes the development of biogas in north countryside, guides farming industry into a new "cyclic economy” era.
Research on Carbon Cost of Export Industrial Products Based on Low Carbon Economy
Authors: Li Ang
Published: August 2014

Global warming has become an indisputable fact. Low carbon economy as a new economic form is regarded as the fundamental ways to solve global warming. Based on this background, firstly this paper analyzes the domestic and foreign research status of the carbon cost. Then, it studies Accounting system of industrial products’ carbon cost in export trade through three steps. Finally, it analyzes the influence of carbon cost of export industrial products in export trade in China from the energy consumption, carbon markets, export competitiveness and export structure four aspects.
A Research on Low-Carbon Industry in Shenzhen
Authors: Wang Dong , Guo Hao
Published: August 2014

Low-carbon industry has risen gradually across the globe in recent years. This paper reviews the concept of low-carbon industry and points out that low-carbon industry, which is the collection of low-carbon production and service industries is the basis of low-carbon economy. And the paper also indicates the current situation of low-carbon industry in Shenzhen is well developing, and at the end of the paper several helpful suggestions is designed.
Discussion on Low Carbon Economy
Authors: Wang An , Zhang Xiang Qing
Published: August 2014

In recent years, severe climate disasters around the world have become increasingly frequent, so climate change has become the foucus of international society and sustainable development has become the hot topic again. To copy with climate change, all countries have reached consensus on the development of low carbon economy. Developing low carbon economy is the necessary choice for Chia to be a big responsible country and realize peaceful rise and sustainable development. On the basis of the connotation and characteristics of low carbon economy, the paper focuses on the challenges and strategies of low-carbon economy development.
Enlightenment of the International Carbon Trading on China's Economic Development under Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Chen Xiao , Liu Wei Yan , Liang Juan Juan , Du Lin Zhi , Liu Hao
Published: August 2014

In recent years, the world economy towards in the direction of low-carbon economy, which creates a new environment for the economic development. It is imperative to solve the problem of climate and develop low-carbon economy. This article mainly utilizes the literature material law, the comparative analysis, and the SWOT analysis. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the international carbon trading market, the characteristics of the development of a global carbon market. Secondly, it uses the SWOT analysis to analyze the present situation of Chinese economic development under low-carbon economy. Finally, the author sums up enlightenments of the international carbon trading on China's economic development.
Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Circular Economy Development of China's Coal Industry
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Xin Ling
Published: August 2014

At present, the circular economy of China's coal industry achieved remarkable results, but there are many problems: extensive coal mining and utilization, corporate tax burden heavier, lack of funds of the circular economy development, the policies of the circular economy development absence. The main reasons for these problems are: lack of funds of circular economy development of coal industry, lack of professionals of circular economy development of coal industry, lack of technical support of circular economy development of coal industry, absence and not in place of policy of circular economy development of coal industry, industry and local protective effects of restricting the development of circular economy, industry regulations and standards are not perfect. To solve these problems, China should improve Industrial policy, vigorously promote technological innovation of the coal industry, should improve the tax policy, the investment budget policy and the government procurement policy.
Systems Dynamics Analysis of Jiangsu Province’s Low-Carbon Economy System - Based on the Carbon Tax Perspective
Authors: Xiao Sun Xi , Wu Lin
Published: August 2014

System dynamics was used to analyze the Low-carbon economy in Jiangsu province. Low-carbon economy system was build by economic, social, energy and environmental subsystems. Based on the analysis of the subsystems characteristics and internal factors affect, the Low-carbon economy system dynamics model in Jiangsu province was build. Carbon tax was treated as an exogenous variable to Jiangsu province low-carbon economy system. Carbon tax impact mechanisms of the economic system were analyzed. System dynamics structure analysis was taken on the Jiangsu province low-carbon economy system form the carbon tax effect perspective. Then Jiangsu province low-carbon economy system was drowned.
The Sustainable Development of Circular Economy under the Perspective of Ecological Tourism
Authors: Zhang Ying , Tian Lin
Published: August 2014

Ecological tourism, tourism circular economy and sustainable development of tourism are the three new ideas of tourist development, the three aspects are connected and have their respective theory, practice and operation mode. Ecological tourism is the way of tourism circular economy and sustainable development of tourism and tools, ecological tourism and tourism cycle economy content are more extensive, are the best model to realize the sustainable development of tourism, tourism sustainable development is the ultimate goal of ecological tourism and tourism cycle economy. Tourism development from the ecological tourism to promote the tourism cycle economy, finally realizes the sustainable development of tourism.
The Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese Renewable Energy Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trade
Authors: Han Long Xi , Zhai Jia Jia , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2014

The opportunities and challenges in the field of Chinese renewable energy were analyzed through the impact of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction trade, especially CDM on Chinese renewable energy, combined with the enhancement of awareness of voluntary emission reduction, relationship between emission reduction trade and renewable energy, changes in the international trade environment and the rise of the domestic trading system. It is suggested that the renewable energy industry integrates with GHG emission reduction trading system in China and explores the huge double benefit of emission reduction and income increase with market means, providing a reference for the smooth implementation of nationwide CN ETS including varies industries in the carbon trading market in the future, and striving for the speaking right for China to set the marketing price of international GHG emission reduction trading in the future.
The Development and Demonstration of Edible Fungus Circular Agriculture Mode and its Standardization Production Technology
Authors: Wang Ying , Tao Bu , Ma Bo Lin , Xue Qing Lin
Published: August 2014

The circular agriculture mode of forest (fast-growing acacia trees) leftover material→ edible fungus cultivation→ fungus chaff fertilizer → forestry has been built by the project members for the study of more than three years. The high efficiency standardization cultivation techniques of edible fungi has been introduced, demonstrated and promoted. Also, the recycling technology of fungus chaff has been researched and promoted. All of these technologies have reduced the environment pollution of waste fungus chaff and promoted the sustained and healthy development of the edible fungus industry.
Preparation Gd/N-Codoped TiO2 Photocatalyst to Remove TOC in Power Plant Boiler Make-Up Water
Authors: Yang Bo , Li Mao Dong , Zhang Hui , Yu Ai Zhi , Lin Jin Mei , Zhao Jun Ming , Li Shi Ping
Published: August 2014

A series of Gd/N codoped nanoTiO2photocatalyst were synthesized to remove TOC in Power plant Boiler Make-up Water. The catalysts were prepared by sol–gel method and characterized by the means of XRD, TEM and UV-Vis DRS. Compared with pure TiO2, the catalytic activity of the nanocomposite photo-catalyst was improved significantly. The experiment results show that the optimum amounts of Gd and N-codoped TiO2photocatalysts were 0.5 wt.% and 5mol %, respectively. Under the UV irradiation for 5 h at pH 3.0, the photocatalytic effect could be as high as 88% and the TOC removal efficiency was 81%, which indicates that photodegradation and mineralization of HA are synchronous, the two results correlate well.
Preparation of Novel Pt–BiVO4/Fly Ash Cenospheres Composites with High Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhang Jin
Published: August 2014

A novel fly ash cenospheres supported Pt–BiVO4 composites (Pt–BiVO4/FACs) photocatalysts were prepared by modified metalorganic decomposition process, followed by photochemical reduction. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and UV–vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) techniques. The results indicate that the visible light absorption of the Pt–BiVO4/FACs composite is greatly enhanced. The Pt element is present in the metallic form and disperses in the composite samples. Photocatalytic activities of the Pt–BiVO4/FACs composites were evaluated by the methylene blue (MB) degradation under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that the photocatalytic efficiency is significantly improved after the Pt species was loaded and the 2 wt% Pt-loaded composite showed the highest photocatalytic activity.
Effects of Sucrose on Tuberous Root Formation and Saccharide Accumulation in Manihot esculenta Crantz In Vitro
Authors: Wu Xiao Hui , Geng Meng Ting , Fan Jie , Yao Yuan , Min Yi , Li Rui Mei , Hu Xin Wen , Fu Shao Ping , Guo Jian Chun
Published: August 2014

The induction of tuberous roots of cassava in vitro is functional in MS medium containing 0.54 mM NAA, 0.44 mM BA and 3%-7% sucrose; meanwhile, the saccharide accumulation in the induced tuberous roots was increased with the sucrose content addition from 3%-7% in the inducible medium. Thus, the sucrose is an important factor for tuberous root induction in Cassava in vitro. The experimental results showed that the appropriate concentration of sucrose played a key role on the tuberous root induction in Cassava in vitro.
Deposition Properties Research of Calcium Sulfate Scale on Microbic Surface
Authors: Li Shan , Qu Cheng Tun , Li Yan , Yang Bo , Ma Juan
Published: August 2014

Microbial method with high efficiency and low pollution on oilfield sewage treatment, has more advantages than others, however, the salinity of sewage is rather high due to the high content of calcium and magnesium ions, sulfate and carbonate ions. High salinity results in strong fouling resistance, the crystals of calcium scale will easily gather and deposit on microbial surface and hinder matter and energy exchange processes between in and outside of microbial cell. The worst case is that scale will impact the normal oilfield production. This paper explores the principles and characteristics of dirt deposited on the surface of microorganisms, the mechanisms of fouling , as well as introduces the research status of CaCO3scale and BaSO4scale at home and abroad.
Geological Environmental Impact Assessment of Mining Subsidence Area Based on Multilayer Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation
Authors: Xu Jia Xing , Zhao Hua , Li Gang
Published: August 2014

Multilayer fuzzy synthetic evaluation is an effective method of the qualitative analysis into the quantitative analysis, and can reflect the different levels of objective things factors, avoiding the difficult to assign weights due to excessive factors. Geological environment of Jiawang coal mining subsidence area in Xuzhou was evaluated with an indices system based on multilayer fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Through evaluation, the serious damage region of geological mining of Jiawang mining subsidence area is 1918.966 hm2, and the more serious damage region is 2524.088 hm2, and the less affected area is 1366.971 hm2. The results showed that the geological environment of Jiawang mining subsidence damage is more serious. The farmland was destroyed seriously, and water due to land collapse was quite serious, which was difficult to land reclamation. It is believed that this work may provide scientific reference for land reclamation and landscape ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence area.
Health Risk Assessment of Airborne Radon and its Daughters from Uranium Ore District by Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Wang Zhi Yong , Cui Na , Liu Chang Rong , Zhang Tian Yu , Yang Shun Fu
Published: August 2014

The monitoring data of radon concentration in a uranium ore district were taken as the evaluating objects in this paper. Carcinogenic risk was evaluated by health risk assessment four-paragraph method put forward by the national academy of sciences (NAS). Then the quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the probability of radon and its daughters’ carcinogenic risk. Monte-Carlo technology was carried on to establish the model of simulation, and the Crystal Ball software was used to calculate quickly. The results show that effective dose will be still less than 1 mSV restricted by GB18871-2002 until 94.99% and the mean of carcinogenic risk is 1.40 ×10-7. The further protection measures are necessary near the sources of pollution according to the distribution of radon concentration.
Analysis of Landslide Hazard for Cities and Towns Construction in Mountains
Authors: Wang Nian Qin , Xue Yao Qiong , Ren Lu Bin , Wu Wei Jiang
Published: August 2014

China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, of which mountains and hills account for 65 percent[1]. As a result, a large number of economic construction need to be done in the mountain. However, because of its special nature and geological conditions, different types of landslide hazard phenomenon often occurred in the construction which seriously restricted the rapid development of the regional economy. Therefore, the author takes Lanzhou city, Gansu province which is the typical mountain town as an example to analysis of the types, characteristics, causes and prevention measures of the landslide hazards in the cities and towns construction, which can be for reference by similar areas.
Research on the System for Fire and Personal Evacuation of Ancient Building Based on Virtual Simulation
Authors: Bei Yi Lin , Yang De Yun , Ren Xiang
Published: August 2014

With the help of three-dimensional display system and interactive device, virtual reality technology can make people have the feeling of being personally on the scene intuitionally. This paper aims to set up three-dimensional models of ancient building complex and crowds, and simulate the three-dimensional visualization of fire scene’s spreading in historic building and crowd’s evacuation. The system uses FDS to simulate and collect information, designs to evacuate calculation engine and simulates distribution of scenes concerned and personnel behavior feature through virtual reality performance module. The experiment indicates that the system can be used for virtual wandering of scenic spots of ancient architectural complex, and simulate fireproofing scenes, which not only possesses great market value, but also provides decision basis for relevant departments.
Stability Evaluation of Fill Dam in Graphite Mine Tailings Impoundment
Authors: Huang Shuang , Chen Jian Ping , Wang Qing
Published: August 2014

The graphite mine tailings impoundment was detailed investigated, and the structural features of fill dam in the graphite mine tailings impoundment was analyzed. Then the author created the stability calculating model of this fill dam, calculated its stability coefficient, and evaluated its stability. It can be concluded that: the fill dam was stable under the condition of normal operation, and it was unstable under the condition of flood operation and special operation.
Diversity of Culturable Hydrocarbons-Degrading Bacteria in Petroleum-Contaminated Saltern
Authors: Wang Xin Xin , Li Chen , Zhao Li Bin , Wu Liang , An Wei , Chen Yu
Published: August 2014

Microbial degradation of hydrocarbon in contaminated salterns has attracted increasing attention. However, the diversity of hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria in such environments was still poorly understood. A total of 14 bacteria were isolated from a petroleum-contaminated saltern, which could grow in 3% NaCl. Especially, 2 isolates can survive in 20% NaCl. In addition, all isolates degraded petroleum. However, only 12, 8 and 3 isolates degraded phenanthrene, pyrene and n-Hexadecane, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed the isolates belonged to the generaAchromobacter,Rhodococcus,Mycobacteriumi,Dietzia,Sphingobium,Pseudomonas,Ochrobactrum,Bacillu,Rhizobium,Halomonas,Idiomarina,ChromohalobacterandMarinobacter. Hydrocarbon-degrading activity ofAchromobacter pulmonis,Bacillus persicus,Rhizobium helanshanense,Halomonas xianhensisandIdiomarina loihiensisin petroleum-contaminated saltern was reported for the first time.
Analysis and Countermeasures of Jinan Traffic Congestion Caused by Heavy Rain
Authors: Yin Zhi Yuan , Li Wang Lin , Huang Xu , Li Na
Published: August 2014

Jinan is a historic city and famous for its springs. With the rapid development of urbanization, traffic congestion phenomenon occurred, especially in heavy rain weather. Based on the natural geographical conditions, hydrological and meteorological conditions, the urban road and urban drainage system of Jinan, analyzed the reasons as follow: unfavorable natural conditions, heavy rains space-time change sharply, urban impervious area expands unceasingly and urban drainage management system fall behind, etc. On the basis of successful experience domestic and foreign, aimed at the influencing factors that caused traffic congestion in heavy rains of Jinan, put forward the following measures and suggestions to solve the problem: (1)Enhance the ability of urban road against rainstorm floods. Increase the width of the road, and increase the construction of the drainage ditch system. (2)Improve the drainage standard of the city. Dredging river to improve the drainage ability and improve the drainage facilities construction. (3)Construction of rainwater utilization facilities. Such as reservoirs and pumping stations. It has important practical significance to ease road traffic congestion phenomenon in heavy rains weather of Jinan.
A QSPR Study on Debromination of PBDEs with CPCM Solvation Model
Authors: Li Ling Yun , Lin Yi Miao , Hu Ji Wei
Published: August 2014

The quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) study was performed in this work to develop models to predict the normalized reaction rate constants for the reductive debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by zero-valent iron (ZVI). In order to consider the solvent effect, conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) was applied to optimize the geometries and obtain the molecular descriptors using the pseudopotential basis set. The prediction results with the inclusion of solvent effect are slightly better than that of the corresponding gas-phase calculations. The artificial neural network (ANN) model could be more satisfactory to predict the rate constants than the partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component analysis-multiple linear regression analysis (PCA-MLR) models.
Construction and Research of Drought Mitigation Security Management System in Guizhou Province
Authors: Zhang He Xi , Wang Yong Tao , Jiang Mao Xi , Shang Chong Ju
Published: August 2014

Drought is an important factor that affects economic and social development in our province. Therefore, put forward a systematic construction for drought relief ideas and principles, engineering and non-engineering drought relief measures in Guizhou is of important reality and necessity. Thus provides decision-making basis for managers to formulate drought relief measures and reduce the loss caused by drought disasters to a minimum.
Smog in China: Trends, Causes and Countermeasures
Authors: Zhou Wei Duo
Published: August 2014

In China, the smog has a persistent, multiple and spreading trend in the past three years. This paper summarized the forming conditions of smog, introduced the latest authoritative sources analysis of smog in Beijing and Shanghai and deduced the essence of smog in China: the problems of fuels usage in industry and transportation sectors. Finally, three countermeasures are put forward. Firstly, adjust the energy structure and increase the clean energy supply. Secondly, increase effort of comprehensive control and reduce emission of multi-pollutants. Thirdly, establish the regional coordination mechanism and decrease the regional amount of pollutants.
Hazard Evaluation for Seawater Intrusion in the South of Laizhou Bay
Authors: Chen Guang Quan , Liu Wen Quan , Xu Xing Yong , Su Qiao
Published: August 2014

Laizhou Bay is the most typical and serious region suffering from the geo-hazard of the seawater intrusion in China. The information value model and GIS are used for the hazard assessment study of seawater intrusion disaster in the Laizhou Bay. The assessment indexes are conceived through choosing the factors such as mineralization, groundwater level, geological condition, intensity of human activities and offshore distance . ArcGIS software is applied involving in data collection, data management, data analysis and evaluation process expressing. Finally, the hazard assessment about seawater intrusion disaster is classed into high, medium and low. The result shows that the boundary between the more dangerous and less dangerous zone is the line of Shouguang-Hanting-Changyi. The high-risk area is accounted for more than 46% of the evaluation area. The saltwater under the south of Laizhou plain is main source of the seawater intrusion disaster, and pumping the underground freshwater and saline groundwater is the induced conditions of the seawater intrusion disaster.
The Inference on the Results of Atmospheric Environment Prediction by the Different Cloud Data
Authors: Meng Xian Lin , Cao Xiao Hui , Guo Shi You
Published: August 2014

In order to provide reference for using the different cloud data in environmental prediction, based on AERMOD model, the standard cloud scenario and the reference cloud scenarios were constructed by using the 2010 reference climatological station-observed data and general weather station-observed data, and the d index and relative error on pollutant prediction concentration between the reference cloud scenarios and the standard cloud scenario were analyzed. The results show that the 4 or 3 observational cloud data of the project location, or less than 50km or more than 50km to the project location can be used in atmospheric environment prediction.
Effect of Environment on Yield and Quality of Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines
Authors: Xia Ying Jun , Zhang Jia , Fan Ming Yv , Liu Chun Xiang , Yang Li , Li Mao Bai , Jiang Yi Jun , Xu Zheng Jin
Published: August 2014

Global climate change affects not only rice yield but also grain quality. A better understanding of the effect of environment factors on rice yield and quality provides information for breeding new varieties adapted to a changing world. This study uses indica-japonica recombinant inbred lines (RILs) constructed in different ecological regions of China as test materials. The objectives were to determine the effect of environment on rice yield and quality. The results revealed that: the yield of RILs in Liaoning was greater than that in the other regions, milling and appearance qualities in Sichuan and Guangdong were worse than that in Liaoning and Shanghai. High temperature and high relative humidity combined with low sunshine duration were the main reason for lower milling quality and greater chalkiness traits. The air temperature during heading stage and maturity stage seemed more important for rice milling and appearance qualities throughout the growing season.
Dynamic Monitoring of Vegetation Coverage in Daliuta Mine Based on ENVI and GIS Technology
Authors: Qiao Zhi Yong , Liu Dong Wen , Wei Ting Ting , Jiang Shu , Chen Ya Kai , Zeng Ji Yong
Published: August 2014

Researching dynamic variation of vegetation coverage has positive significance for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction. Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing data of the 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011 was analyzed by ENVI and GIS technology, divided the vegetation coverage into 6 grades based on dimidiate pixel model, concluded the variation of ecological environment based on transfer matrix method, taked the Daliuta Mine as a case. The results indicated that average vegetation coverage in Daliuta Mine has increased integrally, and vegetation coverage changed from low, medium low and medium to medium and medium high, the vegetation coverage has somewhat. The dynamic monitoring of vegetation coverage can effectively reflect the variation of ecological environment in Daliuta Mine. This study provided a theoretical basis for the ecological reconstruction and sustainable development of Daliuta Mine.
Effects of Different Flooding Frequencies on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in Typical Floodplain Wetlands under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Gao Zhao Qin , Bai Jun Hong , Chen Di , Zhao Qing Qing , Wang Jun Jing
Published: August 2014

Soil profiles from 0 to 80 cm depth were collected at five typical zones (including permanently flooded floodplain (B), 1-year floodplain (O), 5-year floodplain (F), 10-year floodplain (T), and 100-year floodplain (H)) which are divided by different flooding frequencies along the direction penperdicular to the river channel in different floodplain wetlands of Xianghai National Nature Reserve of China. A 14-day incubation experiment was carried out at 25°C in the dark to reveal the effects of different flooding frequencies on nitrogen mineralization rates. Our results showed that nitrogen mineralization rates showed an alternative tend of “increasing and decreasing”in the soil profiles at five sampling zones except the 1-year floodplain and permanent floodplain. The nitrogen mineralization rates were lower in permanently flooded floodplain soils compared to another four floodplain wetlands with different flooding frequencies. Additionally, nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly correlated with electrical conductivity, total soluble salt, pH values and salinity.
The Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Nutrientsin the Yangtze River Estuary
Authors: Liu Hao , Xu Wen Shan , Kang Hong Xuan , Yin Bao Shu
Published: August 2014

This paper mainly focuses on the temporal and spatial variation of nutrients in the Yangtze River Estuary. Observations show that the high level of nitrate concentration appears in the coast waters and gradually decreases toward the continental shelf both in summer and in winter; while the ammonium and phosphate concentrations show the relatively high level in the bottom layer of the water column in summer, since ammonium and phosphate can be regenerated on the sediments and reenter the bottom layer of the water column to make up their contents. In winter, the nutrients are well-distributed in the vertical due to the strong mixing mechanism. The further examination of the nutrient limitation, according to the Redfield theory, shows that the phosphorus limitation dominates in the river mouth and then shift to the nitrogen limitation toward the continental shelf gradually. The variation of the nutrient limitation may be dependent on the relative strength between the Changjiang Diluted Water and the Intrusion Branch of the Kuroshio Current.
Determination of Calcium in Leisure Foods by Incomplete Digestion-Microemulsion Sampling-High Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Li Chao , Chen Shang Long
Published: August 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate the microemulsification after incomplete digestion as sample preparation procedure for determination of Ca in leisure foods by high resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS). Microemulsions were prepared with digestive liquor and n-butyl alcohol as an auxiliary emulsifier after incomplete digestion treatment. The appropriate fuel flow, 70 L/h, and the optimum burner height, 5 mm, were obtained by single factor experimental design. The results showed that the correlation coefficient was better than 0.999, the characteristic concentration was 0.086 mg/L, the precision (RSD) for 6 replicate measurements of Ca was 1.7% and the average of recoveries was 102.1%. F-test and t-test (95% confidence level) in between the proposed method and the comparative method, using microwave digestion-HR-CS FAAS, had no significant difference. Therefore, the proposed method was accurate and stable with a high practical value. It provided scientific basis for determination of metal elements in food.
Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Soil Bacterial Community Structure
Authors: Li Chun Rong , Wang Wen Ke , Deng Hong Zhang , Zhao Xiao Hong , Han Feng , Wang Rong
Published: August 2014

The soil bacteria diversity in different concentrations of CO2was investigated in the simulation test area, by using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) -DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) and 16Sr-DNA library technology. The results showed that the bacteria diversity coefficient (P) got down to 0.8710, 0.8710 and 0.7742 from 0.9032 (from control area) when the concentration of CO2in soil reached 20000ppm, 40000ppm, 60000ppmrespectively. With the increasing concentration of CO2in soil, the abundance of the original low-density bacteria such asAsticcacaulis excentricus, etc. increased, while the abundance ofunclassified_Rhizobialesreduced significantly. Dominant bacteria such asBrucella melitensisetc. had the higher homology. It can be revealed that high concentration of CO2had a significant impact on the soil bacteria community diversity, while a weak influence on main bacterial species. Azotobacter was sensitive to the increasing of the CO2concentration. Great reducing of their abundance had an adverse effect on nitrogen-fixing capability of soil.
Numerical Investigation of Nitrate Leakage and Migration in the Soil after Rainfall
Authors: Shan Jin Hua , Ding Jing , Lu Jian Feng
Published: August 2014

Nitrate salt is important heat transfer and storage medium in solar thermal power system, but nitrate salt leakage and pollution in groundwater is seldom investigated. In this paper, the nitrate salt leakage and migration in the soil after rainfall are simulated and analyzed. During the nitrate leakage process, the liquid nitrate will solidify, and then a thin solidification layer of nitrate forms. According to the simulation result, the radius of the leakage opening mainly affects the radius of nitrate solidification layer, while the leakage velocity will influence the radius and thickness of salt layer. During the nitrate migration process after rainfall, the nitrate will gradually migrate to the groundwater, and the final migration domain of nitrate in the soil will be mainly determined by the radius of nitrate solidification layer.
Practice for In Situ Measurement of CO2 Flux at Soils Profiles in Arid Areas
Authors: Sun Xiang Yang , Liu Xiao Bing , Gao Cheng Da
Published: August 2014

An approach is described for thein situmeasurement of CO2flux at various depths in arid soil. In this method, a sampling tube is inserted to the desired soil depth in a pre-drilled hole, and an infrared CO2gas analyzer connected to the sampling tube is used to quantify CO2(based on absorption of CO2by infrared rays). In a preliminary test, the method was used to quantify CO2concentration and flux in an arid grassland soil. The results indicated that it could be used to quantify CO2flux in soil from 0–200 cm depths , and should be useful for estimating CO2flux and storage at different soil depths, for estimating the change in CO2emission from soil caused by change in land-use/land-cover, for assessing the rate of restoration of soil fertility and other soil properties in arid soils, and for monitoring leakage from geological storage of CO2.
Research of Odor Detecting Method Using Micro-Fluid Chip and its Experiments
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Wei , Zhang Si Xiang , Yang Xin Ying , Cheng Jing Meng , Gu Li Suo , Liu Li Bing
Published: August 2014

A kind of online or portable online odor detector is needed for continuously monitoring the concentration and tracing the source of the odor which is one of the atmosphere pollution. Combining gas chromatograph (GC) and micro-fluidic chip technology, we present a kind of odor detecting system which using micro-fluidic chip for gas separator and photo ionization detector (PID) for sensor. The 115×60×6mm micro-fluidic chip, etched a micro channel of 1mm diameter and 1.8m length inside, is filled by polyethylene glycol as stationary phase according to the type and character of odor. Respectively using micro-fluidic chip and stainless steel packed columns, the acetone detecting experiments prove that corresponding values of the theoretical plates numbers are 2156 and 1250, in addition, the values of their tailing factor are 1.20 and 1.33. The separation experiment between acetone and ethyl alcohol in the chip illustrate the degree of separation is 3.1.
Research on the Improvement and Application of Chemical Sequential Extraction of Phosphorus in Sediments
Authors: Hu Zhe , Zhang Ke Feng , Liu Lei
Published: August 2014

By the chemical sequential extraction method, various chemical speciation of phosphorus were extracted from shallow sediments of Nansi Lake. Aiming at the existing problems of lower concentration of phosphorus, the method combined the original sequential extraction and Mo-Sb Anti spectrophotometric method was improved to reduce the interference caused by stratification and chromogenic reaction. In addition, due to the presence of excess sodium dithionite, the extracting solution need to be diluted during occlude phosphorus (Oc-P) extraction process.
Application of Various Space Dimensional Water Quality Model in Different Areas
Authors: Zhou Jia , Liu Li , Ma Li Min
Published: August 2014

The water quality model is an efficient tool for water pollution control, water quality planning and environmental management. In accordance with the need of prediction, analysis and management of water quality, this article presents different application conditions for various water quality model, including zero-dimension, one-dimension, two-dimension and multidimensional. Then the application of water quality model in different areas are summarized here.
Temporal-Spatial Variation Characteristics of Acid Rain during 2007 to 2012 in Fujian Province
Authors: Chen Bin Bin , Yang Kai , Zheng Qiu Ping , Lin Wen , Wang Hong
Published: August 2014

Based on the meteorological observation data of 4 acid rain monitoring stations (Shaowu Station, Fuzhou Station, Yong’an Station and Xiamen Station) during 2007 to 2012 in Fujian Province, the characteristics of the acid rain were analyzed. The results showed that acid rain pollution was common in Fujian Province while showing a reducing trend overall. The time from 2007 to 2010 was acid rain pollution period of large precipitation acidity and high strong acid rain frequency. And the time from 2011 to 2012 was acid rain improving period with precipitation acidity weakening and strong acid rain frequency declining. It showed an obviously seasonal feature for acid rain. Acid rain pollution was relatively heavy in winter while light in summer in Fuzhou, Shaowu and Xiamen. But the seasonal distribution in Yong’an was just the opposite. There were large differences in the degree of acid rain pollution in different regions. The acid rain pollution in Shaowu was heaviest belonging to the strong acid rain area. And the second was Fuzhou belonging to the moderate acid rain area. Xiamen and Yong’an belonged to the light acid rain area with lighter pollution. The acid rain pollution showed various degrees of improvements in Shaowu, Fuzhou and Xiamen. Especially in Fuzhou the improvement was particularly evident as the best condition in recent years. While in Yong’an the acid rain pollution had aggravated somewhat in recent years with the acid rain frequency increasing and the precipitation acidity enhancing.
Distribution Characteristics and Impact Factors of the Haze Weather in Changsha Area
Authors: Zhang Xiao Hong , Liu Lian Ye , Chen Xi Hong
Published: August 2014

Based on meteorological observation data and environmental monitoring data of Changsha in the period from 1970 to 2012, this paper analyzes the distribution characteristics and import factors of the haze weather in Changsha. The results show that in the recent forty-three years, haze in Changsha is on the rise as a whole, and the haze weather mainly concentrates in autumn and winter. During the occurrence of the haze weather, the annual sunshine durations and the annual mean temperature are positively correlated with the haze weather, the annual precipitation is negatively correlated with the haze weather, and the concentration of PM2.5is significantly positively correlated with the occurrence of the haze weather, with the correlation coefficient of 0.893, indicating that PM2.5is the primary factor for the haze weather. Therefore, the control of PM2.5will be the key in reducing the haze pollution and improving the ambient air quality.
Enhancement of Bio-Hydrogen Production from Waste Activated Sludge by Carbohydrate Substrate Addition and Ph Adjusting
Authors: Zhao Yu Xiao , Gao Min Tian , Mu Hui
Published: August 2014

The effects of carbohydrate/nitrogen ratio (C/N) and pH on hydrogen production from waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. Firstly, the optimal pH value for hydrogen production was influenced by the C/N ratio, which was pH 10, 9, 8, 8, 8, 6, and 5, at the C/N ratio of 7 (sole sludge), 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40, respectively. The maximal hydrogen production (100.6 mL/g-COD) was achieved at C/N of 25 and pH 8, which was due to the synergistic effect of carbohydrate addition on hydrogen pro-duction, the enhancement of sludge protein degradation and protease and amylase activities, and the suitable fermentation pathway for hydrogen production.
Water Environment Quality Analysis in the Nearshore Marine District of the Caofeidian
Authors: Si Qi , Li Ming Chang
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the parallel coordinates’ method is used for analyzing the marine water environment quality. The environment status could be obtained by this method intuitively. In this paper, the water environment quality in the Caofeidian marine district is analyzed. Multiple pollutants in the multiple years are used. The results show that the water environmental quality in the Caofeidian marine district is acceptable, the environmental status could be obtained by the parallel coordinates’ method visually, which is the main advantageous of this method.
Colorimetric Study on Silk Dyeing with the Extracted Dye from Longan Leaves Using Pre-Mordanting Technique: A Research on Effect of Mordant Concentration
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Maha-In Kongkiat , Klaichoi Charoon , Pimklang Wiphawan , Buathong Panida , Sittikijyothin Wancheng , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon
Published: August 2014

Natural dye extracted from longan leaves was applied to a silk fabric by exhaustion dyeing process. Aluminium potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, and stannous chloride were used as mordants. The dyeing was conducted with and without metallic salt mordants, using pre-mordanting method. Silk fabric dyed in a solution composed of a longan from leaves without mordant showed a shade of pale yellowish-brown, while those mordanted with stannous chloride, alum, and copper sulfate produced a variety of medium to dark yellowish-brown colour shades. However, duller and darker brown shade was obtained with ferrous sulfate mordant. The colour fastness to washing, water, and rubbing were good to very good. The light fastness results showed fair level.
Dyeing of Silk Fabrics with Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Bark: Comparison of Fastness Properties and Colour Strength by Padding and Post-Mordanting Technique
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Punrattanasin Nattaya , Sriharuksa Kamolkan , Laoong-U-Thai Yanisa , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon
Published: August 2014

The present paper deals with the application of natural dye extracted from Garcinia Dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark on silk fabric by using post-mordant and pad-dry processes and also evalation of effect of metal modants as differnt concentration on dyeability, colour values (L*, a*, b*) and colour strength (K/S), and fastness properties. Silk fabrics dyed with Garcinia Dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz bark extract and stannous chloride (SnCl2) showed a pale yellow shade, while those dyed with alum (AlK(SO4)2 bright yellow colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4 gave a yellowish-green colour, while those dyed with FeSO4 had a yellowish brown colour. The fastness properties showed fair to good rating, whereas the colour fastness to perspiration was at a poor level.
Study on Colour Activity of Silk Fabric Dyed with Purple Corn Cob: А Research on Effect of Metal Mordants Concentration Using Post-Mordanting Method
Authors: Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol , Klaichoi Charoon , Tomkom Thaweporn , Sasivatchutikool Nuttanan , Laoong-U-Thai Yanisa , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon
Published: August 2014

The colour activity of silk fabric dyed with natural dye extraction from the purple corn cob by post-mordanting was studied. The effect of dyes at different metal mordants concentration levels on their colour strength was also investigated. Silk fabrics dyed with purple corn cob extract showed light violetish-pink shade, while those dyed with alum violetish-pink colour. Silk substrates dyed with CuSO4 gave a gray colour, while those dyed with FeSO4 had a violetish-pink colour. The fastness properties showed fair to very good rating.
Brewing Spent Diatomite as Adsorbents for Cu2+ Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wen Ya Mei , Teng Hong Hui
Published: August 2014

Brewing spent diatomite (BSDT), a beer industrial by-product, was used for the adsorptive removal of copper ions from an aqueous solution. The results show that The removal rate of Cu2+decreased from 67.2% to 2.8% with decreasing initial pH from 6 to 2; the adsorption capacity decreased proportionally with an increasing amount of BSDT-800, but the removal efficiency of Cu2+increased with an increasing amount of adsorbent; the adsorption uptake at equilibrium (qe) increases from 9.9 mg/g to 34.1 mg/g with increasing initial concentration from 10 mg/L to 50 mg/L at 293K; the adsorption process of Cu2+onto BSDT-800 can be described by second-order reaction kinetics.