bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-world outcomes following biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy with a short prostate-specific antigen doubling time: potential role of early secondary treatment
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Gao Wei , Lax Angela , Yang Hongbo , Ramaswamy Krishnan , Russell David , Hong Agnes , Ivanova Jasmina I.
Published: September 2024

Background

The natural history of biochemical recurrence (BCR) managed with delayed hormonal therapy is well documented by data from Johns Hopkins. However, as many patients receive treatment prior to metastasis, we evaluated the natural history and role of prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) in a more contemporary cohort of BCR patients with nonmetastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (nmCSPC).

Methods

Patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA; 01/01/06 to 06/22/20) with nmCSPC and BCR were divided into rapid ( ≤9 months) and less rapid ( >9 to ≤15 months) PSADT cohorts. Patients with PSADT >15 months were excluded as outcomes, even with delayed treatment, are excellent. Outcomes included time to first antineoplastic therapy after BCR, metastasis, metastasis-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS). Cox models adjusted for baseline demographics and clinical characteristics.

Results

Overall, 781 patients with BCR were identified (502 rapid; 279 less rapid PSADT). Rapid PSADT was associated with shorter time to first systemic antineoplastic therapy (median 11.4 vs. 28.3 months, adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.17 [1.83–2.57]), metastasis (102.4 months vs. not reached, 1.79 [1.33–2.40]), MFS (76.1 vs. 106.3 months, 1.73 [1.33–2.24]), and OS (120.5 vs. 140.5 months, 1.76 [1.22–2.54]) versus less rapid PSADT.

Conclusion

Most patients with rapid PSADT underwent secondary treatment within 1 year after BCR. More contemporary patients treated with early secondary treatment had better outcomes than historical data from patients who had delayed treatment. Whether these results reflect the benefits of early secondary treatment or overall improvements in prostate cancer outcomes over time requires further study.
Self-reported benzodiazepine use among adults with chronic spinal cord injury in the southeastern USA: associations with demographic, injury, and opioid use characteristics
Authors: DiPiro Nicole D. , Dismuke-Greer Clara E. , Krause James S.
Published: September 2024

Study design

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Objectives

To examine: (1) the self-reported frequency of specific prescription benzodiazepine use, (2) concurrent benzodiazepine and opioid use, and (3) sociodemographic, SCI, and opioid use factors associated with frequent benzodiazepine use.

Setting

Community.

Methods

Participants included 918 community dwelling adults with chronic ( > 1 year) traumatic SCI originally identified from a specialty hospital or a state-based surveillance system. Self-reported frequency of specific prescription benzodiazepines and opioids used, concurrent use, and factors associated with use were assessed.

Results

Twenty percent reported any benzodiazepine use in the past year and 13% reported at least weekly use. Concurrent daily or weekly use of benzodiazepines and opioids was reported by 6.5%, with those individuals taking an average of 1.1 (0.4) benzodiazepines and 1.4 (0.6) opioids. Compared to younger adults, those 50–65 years old had lower odds of at least weekly benzodiazepine use (OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.29–0.89, p-value = 0.02). Non-Hispanic Blacks reported lower use of benzodiazepines compared to non-Hispanic whites (OR = 0.32, 95% CI, 0.15–0.68, p-value = <0.01). Weekly opioid use was associated with higher odds of using benzodiazepines (OR = 3.10, 95%CI, 1.95–4.95, p-value = <0.01).

Conclusions

Benzodiazepine use was commonly reported among those with SCI. Despite the potential risks, a high portion of those who reported benzodiazepine use also reported prescription opioid use. The findings highlight the need for monitoring of prescription medication use to avoid potentially risky concurrent use and adverse outcomes.
Development of nanocomposite-selenium filter for water disinfection and bioremediation of wastewater from Hg and AgNPs
Authors: Darwesh Osama M. , Matter Ibrahim A. , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Al-Qahtani Wahidah H. , El-Tayeb Mohamed A. , Kodous Ahmad S. , Aufy Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are used in several sectors as antitumor, antimicrobial, and environmental adsorbents. Thus, the present research objective was the production of bacterial-SeNPs as an active and environmentally-friendly antibacterial and adsorbent agents and application into novel nanocomposite filter. From a total of 25 samples (soil, wastewater, and water) obtained from different locations in Egypt, 60 selenium-resistant bacterial isolates were obtained (on a mineral salt medium supplemented with selenium ions). After screening (based on the conversion of selenium from ionic form to nanoform), a superior bacterial isolate for SeNPs formation was obtained and molecular identified as Bacillus pumilus isolate OR431753. The high yield of SeNPs was noted after optimization (glucose as carbon source, pH 9 at 30 °C). The produced SeNPs were characterized as approximately 15 nm-diameter spherical nanoparticles, in addition to the presence of organic substances around these particles like polysaccharides and aromatic amines (protein residues). Also, they have antibacterial activity increased after formation of nanocomposite with nano-chitosan (SeNPs/NCh) against several pathogens. The antibacterial activity (expressed as a diameter of the inhibitory zone) averaged between 2.1 and 4.3, 2.7 and 4.8 cm for SeNPs and SeNPs/NCh, respectively compared with 1.1 to 1.8 cm for Amoxicillin. The produced nanoselenium/chitosan was used as a biofilter to remove mercury (Hg) and AgNPs as model chemicals with serious toxicity and potential pollutant for water bodies in many industries. The new SeNPs/NCh biofilter has proven highly effective in individually removing mercury and AgNPs from their synthetic wastewaters, with an efficiency of up to 99%. Moreover, the removal efficiency of AgNPs stabilized at 99% after treating them with the syringe filter-Se nanocomposite for 4 cycles of treatment (5 min each).
Tumour immune characterisation of primary triple-negative breast cancer using automated image quantification of immunohistochemistry-stained immune cells
Authors: Roostee Suze , Ehinger Daniel , Jönsson Mats , Phung Bengt , Jönsson Göran , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Staaf Johan , Aine Mattias
Published: September 2024

The tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) in breast cancer is acknowledged with an increasing role in treatment response and prognosis. With a growing number of immune markers analysed, digital image analysis may facilitate broader TIME understanding, even in single-plex IHC data. To facilitate analyses of the latter an open-source image analysis pipeline, Tissue microarray MArker Quantification (TMArQ), was developed and applied to single-plex stainings for p53, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, FOXP3, and PD-L1 (SP142 antibody) in a 218-patient triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cohort with complementary pathology scorings, clinicopathological, whole genome sequencing, and RNA-sequencing data. TMArQ’s cell counts for analysed immune markers were on par with results from alternative methods and consistent with both estimates from human pathology review, different quantifications and classifications derived from RNA-sequencing as well as known prognostic patterns of immune response in TNBC. The digital cell counts demonstrated how immune markers are coexpressed in the TIME when considering TNBC molecular subtypes and DNA repair deficiency, and how combination of immune status with DNA repair deficiency status can improve the prognostic stratification in chemotherapy treated patients. These results underscore the value and potential of integrating TIME and specific tumour intrinsic alterations/phenotypes for the molecular understanding of TNBC.
Targeting sub-cellular organelles for boosting precision photodynamic therapy
Authors: Attar Gopal Singh , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana
Published: September 2024

In this review, recent advances and representative photosensitizers used in organelle targeted photodynamic therapy have been reviewed with a focus on organelle targeting strategies and organelle-mediated cell death signalling pathways.
Atomically precise copper nanoclusters mediated Fenton-like reaction for cancer chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Saini Vishal , Tyagi Kartikay , Kumari Reena , Venkatesh V.
Published: September 2024

We developed stable luminescent morpholine-appended copper nanoclusters CuNCs@MorMB with an ultra-small size (<3 nm) and a long emission lifetime (577 ns). They act as a potent chemodyanamic therapy (CDT) agent.
The exciton dynamics and charge transfer in polymers with the effects of chlorine substituents
Authors: Han Xu , Ran Guangliu , Lu Hao , Sun Shumei
Published: September 2024

Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to study low-cost D–A type polymer donors with chlorine substituents, revealing that optimizing these chlorine substituents can enhance the diffusion coefficient and hole transfer efficiency.
Engineering high-brightness and long-lived organic room-temperature phosphorescence via systematic molecular design
Authors: Wang Guangming , Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Xuefeng , Zha Jinqi , Guo Xiaoya , Zhang Kaka
Published: September 2024

Here we report a systematic molecular design in BF2bdk-based afterglow emitters with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 46.3% and lifetimes around 1 s.
Recent progress in solar-driven CO2 reduction to multicarbon products
Authors: Li Mengqian , Han Zequn , Hu Qinyuan , Fan Wenya , Hu Qing , He Dongpo , Chen QingXia , Jiao Xingchen , Xie Yi
Published: September 2024

Metal oxides, metal sulfides, MXenes, and metal–organic frameworks act as catalysts, while covalent organic frameworks, carbon nitrides, metal phosphides, and graphene oxides serve as cocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction to multicarbon products.
Design and regulation of defective electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Yiqiong , Liu Jingjing , Xu Yangfan , Xie Chao , Wang Shuangyin , Yao Xiangdong
Published: September 2024

This review focuses on the synthesis and characterization of defective electrocatalysts, the internal correlation between defects and catalytic activity, and the development and application of defective electrocatalysts in various catalytic fields.
Auto-VTNA: an automatic VTNA platform for determination of global rate laws
Authors: Dalland Daniel , Schrecker Linden , Hii King Kuok (Mimi)
Published: September 2024

Auto-VTNA is a new, free to use, coding free tool for rapidly analysing kinetic data in a robust quantifiable manner.
Improving the expression of taxadiene synthase to enhance the titer of taxadiene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Chenglong , Wang Jia , Shi Yi , Wu Nan , Li Xia , Wang Ying , Li Bingzhi , Xiao Wenhai , Yao Mingdong , Yuan Yingjin
Published: September 2024

Improve the synthesis of taxadiene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Packing thickness dependent plasma emission induced by laser ablating thin-layer microgranular materials
Authors: Zhao Kou , Zeng Qiang , Li Yaju , Gong Shu Hang , Wu Yifan , Shi Xiangyu , Ye Jinrui , Liu Xueqi , Wang Xinwei , Qian Dongbin , Chen Liangwen , Zhang Shaofeng , Yang Lei , Ma Xinwen
Published: September 2024

Exponential dependence of plasma emission with packing thickness implying the existence of a well-defined threshold for the presence and absence of thickness effect.
Development of a nanocomposite hydrogel catalyzed H2O2/TMB system for determination of chlordiazepoxide in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Sefid-Sefidehkhan Yasaman , Karimzadeh Zahra , Jouyban Abolghasem , Khoubnasabjafari Maryam , Jouyban-Gharamaleki Vahid , Rahimpour Elaheh
Published: September 2024

In this study, an enzyme mimic catalyzed H2O2–tetramethylbenzidine system based on UiO-66/Au NPs–PVA nanocomposite hydrogel was employed as an optical probe for chlordiazepoxide sensing.
Fabrication of rare-earth cerium-doped nickel–copper ferrite as a promising photo-catalyst for congo red-containing wastewater treatment
Authors: Akhter Morsheda , Amin Md. Khairul , Dhar Palash Kumar , Dey Shishir Kumar , Hossain Muhammad Sarwar , Dutta Sagar Kumar
Published: September 2024

Synthetic organic dyes are becoming the major class of water pollutants leading to malignant detriments to the ecology.
Lanthanide promoted nickel catalysts for the integrated capture and conversion of carbon dioxide to methane via metal carbonates
Authors: Koch Christopher J. , Suhail Zohaib , Prince  , Alagaratnam Anushan , Coe Matthew , Goeppert Alain , Prakash G. K. Surya
Published: September 2024

An integrated CO2 capture and conversion system utilizing metal hydroxide salts has been developed to capture CO2 from various sources including air in the form of carbonate salts and convert them directly into a synthetic fuel; methane.
Enzymatic polymerization of furan-based polymers in biobased solvents
Authors: Silvianti Fitrilia , Maniar Dina , de Leeuw Tijn C. , van Dijken Jur , Loos Katja
Published: September 2024

Advancing sustainable furan-based (co)-polyester synthesis through enzymatic polymerization with CALB in biobased solvents (pinacolone, d-limonene, p-cymene), yielding high-molecular-weight polymers.
Self-supported antimony tin oxide anode with Sb segregation promoted atrazine removal
Authors: Wang Xue , Xie Jia-Fang , Zhao Quan-Bao , Sun Qian
Published: September 2024

Sintering-driven Sb segregation induced a built-in electronic field in a self-supported Sb–SnO2 anode, promoting reaction electron transfer in electrochemical ROS generation.
A novel cage-based metal–organic framework for efficient separation of light hydrocarbons
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Acharya Dinesh , Chu Hongxu , Sun Di , Azam Mohammad , Cui Ping
Published: September 2024

A novel 3D MOF, SDU-CP-8, features an ellipsoid-shaped cage and a 3-nodal, (4,6,8)-connected network. It demonstrates excellent adsorption and separation capabilities for C3H8/C2H6/CH4 and C2H2/CO2 gas mixtures.
Correlation between the spin effect and catalytic activity of two-dimensional metal organic frameworks for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Feifan , Hu Liang , Jing Yu
Published: September 2024

We demonstrated that the spin moment of magnetic metals in 2D MOFs is correlated with the stability and catalytic activity of 2D MOFs, which can guide the rational optimization of catalytic activity by tuning the spin states of the metal center.
Speech Intelligibility Outcomes Associated With Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: Magnitude of Change and Stability of Measurement
Authors: Mauszycki Shannon C. , Bunker Lisa D. , Bailey Dallin J. , Wambaugh Julie L.
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine single-word speech intelligibility outcomes following sound production treatment in a group of 22 speakers with chronic acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia. Also, the stability of repeated posttreatment intelligibility measures was examined for two scoring methods.

Method:

The Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech was administered twice to each participant at pretreatment and twice at 8 weeks posttreatment. The test–retest reliability of the pretreatment samples was evaluated in a prior study; repeated samples were found to be stable over sampling times. For the current study, the three expert listeners who had rated the pretreatment samples scored the posttreatment samples using transcription and multiple-choice scoring formats. An additional expert listener, blinded to sampling time, scored pre- and posttreatment samples.

Results:

The posttreatment samples were found to be stable over sampling times for the group. Posttreatment intelligibility scores were statistically significantly higher than the pretreatment scores for both scoring methods (i.e., increases of 9%–10%). Scores derived from the two scoring methods were strongly, positively correlated, with multiple-choice scores being significantly higher than transcription. The scoring methods did not differ significantly in the amount of change found from pre- to posttreatment. There were no statistically significant correlations between AOS severity and changes in pre- to posttreatment intelligibility scores. Performance for most participants was similar to group performance.

Conclusions:

Stability of posttreatment intelligibility samples supports use of intelligibility scores as outcome measures. This group of speakers demonstrated statistically significant increases in single-word speech intelligibility following sound production treatment.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26972425
An empirical study of ISAC channel characteristics with human target impact at 105 GHz
Authors: Chen Wenjun , Zhang Yuxiang , Liu Yameng , Zhang Jianhua , Gong Huiwen , Jiang Tao , Xia Liang
Published: September 2024

Leveraging the ultra‐wideband advantages of the terahertz band, Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) facilitates high‐precision sensing demands in human smart home applications. ISAC channel characteristics are the basis for ISAC system design. Currently, the ISAC channel is divided into target and background channels. Existing researches primarily focus on the attributes of human target itself, e.g. radar cross‐section and micro‐Doppler effect. However, the impact of human target on neither the pathloss characteristic of background channel nor the multipath propagation characteristic of target channel is considered. To address the gap, we conduct indoor channel measurements at 105 GHz to investigate the ISAC channel characteristics with the impact of human target. Firstly, by analysing the power angular delay profiles with and without human target, the changes in quantity and power of multipath components (MPCs) are observed. Then, a parameter called power control factor is proposed to evaluate the human target impact on pathloss, thereby modifying the existing pathloss model of background channel. Eventually, the MPCs belonging to target channel are extracted within target‐oriented power delay profile to count the power proportion of each bounce MPCs of the target‐Rx link, which supports the necessity of multi‐bounce (indirect) paths modelling in target channel.
Die Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie beim Mammakarzinom – was haben wir in den letzten 20 Jahren gelernt?
Authors: Kühn Thorsten
Published: September 2024

Vor gut 20 Jahren wurde die Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie (SLNB) als Standardverfahren für das axilläre Staging beim invasiven Mammakarzinom eingeführt und ersetzte die über Jahrzehnte etablierte Axilladissektion (ALND), bei der alle Lymphknoten aus den Leveln 1 und 2 aus diagnostischer und/oder therapeutischer Indikation entfernt wurden. Dabei stellte die Implementierung der SLNB lediglich den ersten Schritt zu einer kontinuierlichen Deeskalation der Lymphknoten-Chirurgie dar. Diese Entwicklung begründete sich mit dem zunehmenden Ersatz prognostischer Faktoren durch prädiktive Marker für adjuvante Therapieentscheidungen, die Möglichkeit, das Tumorstadium durch eine vorgeschaltete Chemotherapie (NACT) herabzustufen sowie die Bestätigung älterer Studien, die bereits sehr frühzeitig den therapeutischen Benefit einer ALND in Zweifel gezogen haben. Bei Patientinnen, die eine primäre Operation erhalten, werden zunehmend Kollektive identifiziert, bei denen gar keine SLNB mehr durchgeführt werden muss. Auch die therapeutische ALND ist bei Frauen mit einem positiven SLN nur noch in Ausnahmefällen erforderlich. Die Einführung der SLNB nach einer NACT bei Patientinnen mit primär unauffälligen Lymphknoten erlaubte nicht nur die verlässliche Beurteilung der Tumorresponse, sondern auch eine Reduktion der ALND-Rate durch die Konversion des Nodalstatus bei vielen Patientinnen. Bei nodalpositiven Frauen, die unter Chemotherapie zu einem klinisch unauffälligen Lymphknotenstatus konvertieren, setzt sich zunehmend die Targeted Axillary Dissection als neuer operativer Standard durch.
„Unsere Verletzlichkeit ist unsere Chance!“ – Interview mit Giovanni Maio
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: September 2024

Prof. Dr. Giovanni Maio ist Arzt und Medizinethiker. Seine Forschung konzentriert sich unter anderem auf humane und ethisch reflektierte Medizin. In seinem neuen Buch beschreibt er ein physiotherapeutisch relevantes Thema: Wir Menschen sind verletzlich. Und genau diese Verletzlichkeit birgt große Entwicklungspotenziale.
Freiwilligenarbeit mit Improvisationscharakter – Physiotherapie in Litauen
Authors: Mager Nele
Published: September 2024

Zwei Jahre nach ihrer staatlichen Prüfung zur Physiotherapeutin entschied sich Henriette Hirnstein für das Malteser-Volunteer-Programm. Im März 2019 ging sie nach Litauen, um als Physiotherapeutin dort freiwillige Arbeit zu leisten. Besonders beeindruckt war sie vom interdisziplinären Zusammenhalt der verschiedenen Berufsgruppen.
Experimental examination on electrochemical micro-machining of Mg–Li–Sr biomedical alloy: Application of ANOVA, Deng’s similarity, and ANFIS for effective modeling optimization
Authors: Kavimani V. , Gopal P. M. , Sivamaran V. , Algburi Sameer , Barik Debabrata , Paramasivam Prabhu , Alsabhan Abdullah H. , Alam Shamshad
Published: September 2024

In this work, a newly discovered biomedical grade Magnesium–Lithium–Strontium (Mg–Li–Sr) alloy is machined using electrochemical machining technology. Two main output constraints employed on the research project to evaluate machinability are surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR). Changing feed rate (FR), current, electrolyte concentration (EC), and voltage is required in order to carry out experimental experiments. The trials were designed using the Taguchi method. The ANOVA findings show that current is the most significant factor, after voltage as the most significant input parameter in regulating Ra and MRR. The ideal parameter configuration for the CRITIC-linked Deng’s similarity approach method was 5 V, 1 A of current, 0.4 mm/min of FR, and 20 g/l of EC. The final product was a 0.0323 mm/min MRR and a 2.61 μm surface roughness. Furthermore, the response variables are anticipated using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy Inference System, which finally results in predictions that are very similar to the experimental results.
A machine learning framework for quantum cascade laser design
Authors: Correa Hernandez Andres , Gmachl Claire F.
Published: September 2024

A multi-layer perceptron neural network was used to predict the laser transition figure of merit, a measure of the laser threshold gain, of over 900 × 106 Quantum Cascade (QC) laser designs using only layer thicknesses and the applied electric field as inputs. Designs were generated by randomly altering the layer thicknesses of an initial 10-layer design. Validating the predictions with our 1D Schrödinger solver, the predicted values show 5%–15% error for the laser structures, well within QC laser design variations. The algorithm (i) allowed for the identification of high figure of merit structures, (ii) recognized which layers should be altered to maximize the figure of merit at a given electric field, and (iii) increased the original design figure of merit of 94.7–141.2 eV ps Å2, a 1.5-fold improvement and significant for QC lasers. The computational time for laser design data collection is greatly reduced from 32 h for 27 000 designs using our 1D Schrödinger solver on a virtual machine, to 8 h for 907 × 106 designs using the machine learning algorithm on a laptop computer.
Hierarchical communities in the larval
Drosophila
connectome: Links to cellular annotations and network topology
Authors: Betzel Richard , Puxeddu Maria Grazia , Seguin Caio
Published: September 2024

One of the longstanding aims of network neuroscience is to link a connectome’s topological properties—i.e., features defined from connectivity alone–with an organism’s neurobiology. One approach for doing so is to compare connectome properties with annotational maps. This type of analysis is popular at the meso-/macroscale, but is less common at the nano-scale, owing to a paucity of neuron-level connectome data. However, recent methodological advances have made possible the reconstruction of whole-brain connectomes at single-neuron resolution for a select set of organisms. These include the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster
, and its developing larvae. In addition to fine-scale descriptions of connectivity, these datasets are accompanied by rich annotations. Here, we use a variant of the stochastic blockmodel to detect multilevel communities in the larval
Drosophila
connectome. We find that communities partition neurons based on function and cell type and that most interact assortatively, reflecting the principle of functional segregation. However, a small number of communities interact nonassortatively, forming form a “rich-club” of interneurons that receive sensory/ascending inputs and deliver outputs along descending pathways. Next, we investigate the role of community structure in shaping communication patterns. We find that polysynaptic signaling follows specific trajectories across modular hierarchies, with interneurons playing a key role in mediating communication routes between modules and hierarchical scales. Our work suggests a relationship between system-level architecture and the biological function and classification of individual neurons. We envision our study as an important step toward bridging the gap between complex systems and neurobiological lines of investigation in brain sciences.
(Im)Politeness in Vedic Sanskrit
Authors: Rubio Orecilla Francisco Javier
Published: September 2024

This paper focusses on verbal politeness in the direct speech found in Vedic. Certain impersonalisation strategies
typical of classical Sanskrit are already attested here, as third-person polite directives or as the expression of the speaker’s
wishes, rather than as direct commands, and represent the maximum degree of illocutionary opacity. Passive syntax, which is a
prominent device of indirectness in classical Sanskrit, is still marginal in Vedic. In the analysis of terms of address, a
hierarchical but highly flexible politeness-orientated allomorphy can be observed. Moreover, the speaker can, in the same
interaction, shift from one level of politeness to another to convey changes in his or her self-perception regarding the level of
wisdom that he or she has with respect to an interlocutor (factor [±knowing]); rules marked by social stratification are not found
to be decisive, contrary to what has been shown to be the case in post-Vedic normative texts.
Contrastive input enhancement in captioned video for L2 pronunciation learning
Authors: Mora Joan C. , Fouz-González Jonás
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the potential of input
enhancement in captioned video to facilitate learners’ perceptual
sensitivity to a difficult L2 vowel contrast (/æ/-/ʌ/). Participants were
randomly assigned to two control and four experimental viewing conditions to
explore the effects of audiovisual input (a 30-minute TV episode) on
perceptual learning. Textual enhancement on captions highlighted target
sounds contrastively (two colors) or non-contrastively (one color) in words
transcribed orthographically or in IPA phonetic symbols. Learners’ /æ/-/ʌ/
perception gains were assessed through lexical and phonetic identification
and discrimination tasks. Eye-gaze measures were used to determine the
effectiveness of enhancement in drawing learners’ attention to the target
contrast across viewing conditions. Perceptual learning was observed,
although not always consistently across tasks and conditions.
A mesoscopic device for a realization of the topological Kondo effect
Authors: Sarkar Saheli , Tsvelik Alexei M
Published: September 2024

The search for anyons is a field of immense interest owing to its potential application in the field of quantum information. Quantum critical Kondo impurities constitute one possible platform for their realization and topological Kondo effect (TKE) by virtue of remaining critical in the presence of perturbations, seems to be especially promising in this regard. In this paper we discuss practical steps for a realization of TKE with a relatively high Kondo temperature

T

K

. Its central feature is the so-called Majorana-Cooper box (MCB) and we argue that a particular type of iron-based topological superconductor is especially suitable for realization of TKE. Once MCB is available one needs to connect it to external metallic leads to produce TKE. A relatively high value of the Kondo temperature

T

K

is then aided by a large superconducting gap of the iron-based superconductor. We give estimates for

T

K

, for the cases of both isotropic and anisotropic exchange couplings of MCB with the leads.
The wellbore flow of supercritical CO2 in a horizontally eccentric annulus
Authors: Zhao Hu , Zhao Guangzhi , Geng Tie , Wen Dayan , Xu Anguo , Lin Yufeng , Wang Yonggen , Song Weiqiang
Published: September 2024

The analysis of the wellbore flow field of supercritical CO2 is the basis for its use in oil and gas reservoir development. Considering the coupling relationship between the pressure and temperature of the flow field and the physical property parameters of CO2, a calculation model of CO2 flow in the horizontal eccentric annular air was established, and the influence of displacement and annular eccentricity on the flow field characteristics was simulated and analyzed. Based on the vortex viscosity theory, the internal relationship between friction and turbulent kinetic energy and flow pressure loss is revealed through the in-depth analysis of the internal mechanism of eccentricity, displacement, inlet temperature, and outlet back pressure affecting flow pressure loss. The results show that the flow friction is more influential than turbulent kinetic energy in the variation of flow pressure loss; the loss of flow pressure increases with the increasing displacement and pressure and decreases with the temperature rise, and the flow pressure loss increases firstly and then decreases with the increasing eccentricity, and the critical eccentricity is 0.8.
Intelligent design for regularized wind farms based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Zhaoming , Liu Zhenqing , Liu Yuliang , Liu Shujie , Jiang Wei , Li Changjie , Jiang Zhiwei , Gu Xun , Ma Xueyun
Published: September 2024

In this paper, two regularized scheduling strategies for the GA algorithm are proposed. The conclusion shows that algorithms play a role in boosting power optimization. The energy output of the wind farm is improved by around 0.2%-0.5%, and the GA algorithm has the best optimization effect at a turbine distance of 160 m (4 times the turbine diameter).
Aviation six-phase compatible permanent magnet synchronous motor based on Halbach distribution
Authors: Zhang Yanhuan , Chen Ping , Zhang Heng
Published: September 2024

Due to the current domestic environment, the development of advanced engines, such as ultra-high-speed aircraft, has put forward strict requirements for motor structure systems. Making a comparison with the traditional motor structure, the six-phase compatible permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is based on Halbach distribution, has many other advantages obviously, such as smaller volume, a higher number of functional units contained within a unit volume is higher, and a stronger fault tolerance. This paper studies the electromagnetic design, electromagnetic analysis, and fault tolerance analysis of the six-phase compatible permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the background of the motor structure. Designs and simulations were carried out on the six-phase compatible permanent magnet synchronous motor, which was designed based on the Halbach distribution. The designed motor meets the requirements of torque and temperature, and this paper also has researched the solution of the six-phase compatible permanent magnet synchronous motor under the situations of one- or two-phase winding break. Based on the analysis of torque fluctuation in the normal state and fault state, the output power fluctuation of the six-phase compatible permanent magnet synchronous motor under different faults is obtained, which reflects the high fault tolerance performance of this motor. It provides another high-performance motor option for the engines of current high-speed aircraft.
Data node fusion method for on-site facility monitoring of power infrastructure based on wireless sensor acquisition
Authors: Jin Long , Wang Zhong , Hu Deming , Bai Yuehua , Ji Shuanmei , Liu Hao , Yang Ruifeng
Published: September 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of on-site facility monitoring in power infrastructure, a node fusion method based on wireless sensor collection for on-site facility monitoring in power infrastructure is proposed. This method collects monitoring data of power infrastructure on-site facilities through wireless sensors. It combines data fusion technology with the least squares integration method to remove abnormal data, such as noise in the environment of power infrastructure on-site. Using an adaptive genetic algorithm and floating search algorithm to extract the optimal feature subset of power infrastructure site monitoring data and implementing node fusion of power infrastructure site monitoring data collected by multiple sensors based on an adaptive weighted average algorithm. Through experimental verification, this method can strengthen the accuracy and reliability of monitoring systems data while reducing energy consumption and increasing data throughput. This node fusion method can effectively improve the performance of the on-site facility monitoring system for power infrastructure construction, providing strong support for the safe operation of power facilities.
Evaluation of the effect of geometric parameters on the heat transfer performance of bubble heat exchanger based on CFD
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Luan Huibao , Ruan Yingjun
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the influence of the structural parameters (stagger angle, weld diameter, and flow gap height) of the Bubble heat exchanger (BHE) on its heat transfer characteristics was numerically simulated by using Fluent2020R1 software. Based on the parameter sensitivity analysis, the degree of influence on Nu and f was obtained as follows: flow gap height > stagger angle > weld joint diameter. We assess the overall performance from multiple perspectives, including heat transfer, pump power consumption, and JF factor, and obtain better structural combinations for a given range. Finally, the correlation criterion equation is fitted, which fully considers the geometric structure, providing some theoretical support for the design of the bubble plate.
Simulation calculation of cyclone separation efficiency
Authors: Dong Min , Guo Jiaming , Xu Hui
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the pure flow field distribution of hydrocyclone and the separation efficiency of solid particles were studied by fluent software, and the separation efficiency of solid particles with different diameters was compared. The numerical simulation of the pure flow field and the separation efficiency of the cyclone hydrocyclone provides a theoretical basis for the structural optimization of the cyclone hydrocyclone, which is beneficial to improving the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator.
Nonlinear Schrödinger equation in terms of elliptic and hyperelliptic σ functions
Authors: Matsutani Shigeki
Published: September 2024

It is known that the elliptic function solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation are reduced to the algebraic differential relation in terms of the Weierstrass sigma function,[−i∂∂t+α∂∂u]Ψ−12∂2∂u2Ψ+(Ψ∗Ψ)Ψ=12(2β+α2−3℘(v))Ψ, whereΨ(u;v,t):=eαu+iβt+ce−ζ(v)uσ(u+v)σ(u)σ(v), its dualΨ∗(u;v,t), and certain complex numbersα,βandc. In this paper, we generalize the algebraic differential relation to those of genera two and three in terms of the hyperelliptic sigma functions.
Wyoming’s produced water: Analysis and green hydrogen potential
Authors: Abdelhamid C , Latrach A , Mellal I. , Dehdouh A. , Allam L. , Rabiei M , Venugopal K.
Published: September 2024

Produced water, a byproduct of oil and gas extraction, poses significant environmental and logistical challenges for the energy industry. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of produced water volumes from oil and gas wells in Wyoming, examining its chemical composition and potential for hydrogen production. Utilizing data from the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and U.S. Geological Survey, it offers insights into production trends and influencing factors. The study employs advanced analytical techniques to identify contaminants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and salinity, guiding safe management strategies. With growing interest in hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, the paper evaluates the compatibility of produced water with hydrogen production processes, considering treatment procedures and energy efficiency. By addressing these aspects, it contributes to efforts for a sustainable transition to clean energy systems. This comprehensive examination sheds light on the potential of produced water as a resource, highlighting opportunities for its utilization in hydrogen production while mitigating environmental impacts.
Through the optical crystal ball
Authors: De Freitas Jolyon
Published: September 2024

Jolyon De Freitas says that the ubiquity of optics and photonics in the coming decades will provide many challenges but ample opportunities too.
Why growth is good
Authors: Spackman Michael , Chew Andrew
Published: September 2024

In response to the letter by Robin Britton, who cites the damage caused by misuse of plastics to reinforce the case for “degrowth” (June 2024), raised in a Forum article by Johan Hansson (April 2024).
Monotone rearrangement in averaging classes
Authors: Abdrakhmanov Marat , Slavin Leonid , Zatitskii Pavel
Published: September 2024

We consider a general collection of function classes on the interval

[
0
,
1
]

[0,1]

defined in terms of certain averages and show that monotone rearrangement does not increase the class constant in each case. The formulation includes

B
M
O

BMO

and

A
2

A_2

with a special choice of the norm and, respectively, characteristic.
A resolution of singularities of Drinfeld compactification with an Iwahori structure
Authors: Yang Ruotao
Published: September 2024

The Drinfeld compactification

Bun
¯

B
′

\overline {\operatorname {Bun}}{}_B’

of the moduli stack

Bun
B
′

\operatorname {Bun}_B’

of Borel bundles on a curve

X
X

with an Iwahori structure is important in the geometric Langlands program. It is closely related to the study of representation theory. In this paper, we construct a resolution of singularities of it using a modification of Justin Campbell’s construction of the Kontsevich compactification. Furthermore, the moduli stack

Bun

B
′

{\operatorname {Bun}}_B’

admits a stratification indexed by the Weyl group. For each stratum, we construct a resolution of singularities of its closure. Then we use this resolution of singularities to prove a universally local acyclicity property, which is useful in the quantum local Langlands program.
Transcatheter vs. surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Ismayl Mahmoud , Ahmed Hasaan , Goldsweig Andrew M , Eleid Mackram F , Guerrero Mayra , Rihal Charanjit S
Published: September 2024

Aims

Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiogenic shock (CS) are an extremely high-risk population with a poor prognosis in the absence of definitive therapy. We aimed to compare the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with those of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with AS–CS.

Methods and results

We queried the Nationwide Readmission Database (2016–21) to identify patients hospitalized for AS–CS who underwent isolated TAVR or SAVR. In-hospital outcomes of TAVR vs. SAVR were compared using multivariable regression and propensity-matching analyses. Ninety-day readmissions were compared using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. A total of 16 161 patients were hospitalized for AS–CS, of whom 6470 (40.0%) underwent isolated TAVR and 9691 (60.0%) underwent isolated SAVR. From 2016 through 2021, the proportion of TAVR increased from 29.5 to 46.5% and the proportion of SAVR correspondingly decreased in AS–CS (Ptrend < 0.01). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, TAVR was associated with lower odds of stroke [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.84], acute kidney injury (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.93), and major bleeding (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.71) and higher odds of vascular complications (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.23–1.97) compared with SAVR. In-hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, permanent pacemaker placement, and 90-day all-cause and heart failure readmissions showed similar rates between TAVR and SAVR. However, hospital length of stay was shorter and total costs and non-home discharges were lower with TAVR than with SAVR.

Conclusion

This nationwide observational analysis showed that TAVR is increasingly performed in patients with AS–CS and is associated with similar rates of in-hospital mortality and 90-day readmissions but lower rates of in-hospital complications and resource utilization compared with SAVR.
Prokaryotic morphological features and maintenance activities governed by seasonal productivity conditions
Authors: Verma Ashish , Amnebrink Dennis , Lee Cheng Choo , Wai Sun Nyunt , Sandblad Linda , Pinhassi Jarone , Wikner Johan
Published: September 2024

Prokaryotic maintenance respiration and associated metabolic activities constitute a considerable proportion of the total respiration of carbon to CO2 in the ocean’s mixed layer. However, seasonal influences on prokaryotic maintenance activities in terms of morphological and metabolic adaptations at low (winter) and high productivity (summer) are still unclear. To address this, we examined the natural prokaryotic communities at the mesocosm scale to analyse the differences in their morphological features and gene expression at low and high maintenance respiration, experimentally manipulated with the specific growth rate. Here, we showed that morphological features including membrane blebbing, membrane vesicles, and cell‒cell connections occurred under high productivity. Metabolic adaptations associated with maintenance activities were observed under low productivity. Several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes categories related to signal transduction, energy metabolism, and translational machinery supported maintenance activities under simulated winter conditions. Differential abundances of genes related to transporters, osmoregulation, nitrogen metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, and cold stress were observed. Our results demonstrate how specific growth rate in different seasons can influence resource allocation at the levels of morphological features and metabolic adaptations. This motivates further study of morphological features and their ecological role during high productivity, while investigations of metabolic adaptations during low productivity can advance our knowledge about maintenance activities.
Isolation and characterization of a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infecting phage and its therapeutic use in mice
Authors: Xiao Zhen , Xu Hongyi , Wang Juan , Hu Xueyuan , Huang Xiumei , Song Shiping , Zhang Qingqing , Liu Yanxin , Liu Yaopeng , Liu Na , Liu Junhui , Zhao Ge , Zhang Xiyue , Li Yuehua , Zhao Jianmei , Wang Junwei , Liu Huanqi , Wang Lin , Qu Zhina
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has limited the selection of drugs for treating bacterial infections, reduced clinical efficacy, and increased treatment costs and mortality. It is urgent to find alternative antibiotics. In order to explore a new method for controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), this study isolated and purified a multidrug-resistant S. aureus broad-spectrum phage JPL-50 from wastewater. JPL-50 belongs to the Siphoviridae family after morphological observation, biological characterization, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) fragmentation spectrum analysis. It can cleave 84% of tested S. aureus (168/200), in which 100% of tested mastitis-associated strains (48/48) and 72.04% of MRSA strains (67/93) were lysed. In addition, it has an optimal growth temperature of about 30°C, a high activity within a wide pH range (pH 3–10), and an optimal multiplicity of infection of 0.01. The one-step growth curve shows a latent time of 20 min, an explosive time of 80 min. JPL-50 was 16 927 bp in length and was encoded by double-stranded DNA, with no genes associated with bacterial resistance or virulence factors detected. In a therapeutic study, injection of the phage JPL-50 once and for 7 times in 7 days protected 40% and 60% of the mice from fatal S. aureus infection, respectively. More importantly, JPL-50-doxycycline combination could effectively inhibit host S. aureus in vitro and reduce the use of doxycycline within 8 h. In conclusion, the bacteriophage JPL-50 has a wide lysis spectrum, high lysis rate, high tolerance to extreme environments, and moderate in vivo activity, providing ideas for developing multidrug-resistant S. aureus infections.
Induced and natural variation affect traits independently in hybrid Populus
Authors: Guo Weier , Bastiaanse Héloïse , Maloof Julin N , Comai Luca , Henry Isabelle M
Published: September 2024

The genetic control of many plant traits can be highly complex. Both allelic variation (sequence change) and dosage variation (copy number change) contribute to a plant's phenotype. While numerous studies have investigated the effect of allelic or dosage variation, very few have documented both within the same system, leaving their relative contribution to phenotypic effects unclear. The Populus genome is highly polymorphic, and poplars are fairly tolerant of gene dosage variation. Here, using a previously established Populus hybrid F1 population, we assessed and compared the effect of natural allelic variation and induced dosage variation on biomass, phenology, and leaf morphology traits. We identified QTLs for many of these traits, but our results indicate limited overlap between the QTLs associated with natural allelic variation and induced dosage variation. Additionally, the integration of data from both allelic and dosage variation identifies a larger set of QTLs that together explain a larger percentage of the phenotypic variance. Finally, our results suggest that the effect of the large indels might mask that of allelic QTLs. Our study helps clarify the relationship between allelic and dosage variation and their effects on quantitative traits.
A role for the circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME in regulating triglyceride metabolism in Drosophila
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Swetha , Yadav Sanjay Ramnarayan , Kannan Nisha N
Published: September 2024

The biological rhythms generated by the endogenous circadian clocks across the tree of life regulate numerous behavioral, metabolic, and physiological processes. Although evidence from various studies in Drosophila melanogaster indicates the importance of the core circadian clock genes in the intricate interplay between the circadian clock and metabolism, little is known about the contribution of the circadian photoreceptor/s in this process. The deep brain circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is essential for resetting the clock in response to light and is also highly expressed in metabolically active tissues in Drosophila. In this study, we sought to explore the possible roles played by CRY in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We observed that the cry mutant (cry01) flies exhibited increased starvation resistance and TG levels under both 12-hour (h) light:12-h dark cycle (LD) and under constant light compared with the control w1118 flies. We also observed that cry01 flies had significantly increased food intake, glycogen concentrations, and lifespan under LD. In addition, cryptochrome seemed to affect TG levels in adult flies in response to calorie-restricted and high-fat diets. These results suggest a role for the circadian photoreceptor CRY in TG metabolism in Drosophila.