bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Drag Reduction Effect on Barge Model Ship Using Ultrafine Bubble and Microbubble Injection
Authors: Gunawan  , Allessandro Setyo Anggito Utomo  , Yanuar
Published: August 2022

nergy efficiency is a global goal in the fight against global warming. Research on reducing drag is one of the ways to improve energy efficiency. The research method used is the injection of micro-sized bubbles and ultra-fine bubbles used in the barge ship model. Microbubble Drag Reduction (MBDR) and Ultrafine Bubble Drag Reduction (UFBDR) are two methods that can play an essential role in reducing drag on the surface of the ship's hull. Factors that can affect the effectiveness of these methods are the injection ratio, location, and coefficient of drag produced by both methods. The injection method discussed the use of the method, which was reviewed on a 2-meter towing tank and compared the two injection methods. The results provided by this research are to determine the injection ratio and the optimum injection location on the model ship and compare the effect of reducing drag and drag coefficient. The increases total resistance reduction of 6.87% compared to the reduction in resistance by microbubble injection.
Innovationen in der Energiewirtschaft sind machbar!
Authors: Schultz Carsten , Kroh Julia , Lütjen Heiner
Published: August 2022

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die systematische Erfassung der Innovationsleistung und der Professionalität des Innovationsmanagements von Energieversorgern. Um Ideen gezielt voranzutreiben und Mitarbeitern
die Möglichkeit zu geben, der Dominanz des Tagesgeschäftes zu entgehen, sind klare Innovationsprozesse und Rollen wichtig. Durch den Vergleich von Energieversorgern mit mittelständischen Unternehmen verschiedener
Branchen sollen Potenziale im Innovationsmanagement identifiziert und konkrete Handlungsmaßnahmen für die Steigerung der Innovationsleistung von Energieversorgern abgeleitet werden.
Im Rahmen der durchgeführten Innovationsmanagement Studie innovate! new wurden 120 Unternehmen und 989 Mitarbeiter in Deutschland, Österreich und Dänemark zwischen Januar und Juli 2016 befragt.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die untersuchten 46 Energieversorger ein breites Innovationsportfolio besitzen (durchschnittlich 21 Projekte), die wenigsten Projekte jedoch messbar zum Unternehmenserfolg beitragen.
Es dominieren Prozessinnovationen zur Steigerung von Effizienz und Projekte, die primär mit Intention der Imagepflege durchgeführt werden. Auch im Vergleich zu Unternehmen anderer Branchen leisten Innovationen
einen deutlich geringeren Beitrag zum wirtschaftlichen Unternehmenserfolg. Hinsichtlich der innovationsfördernden Rahmenbedingungen weisen die Ergebnisse der Studie darauf hin, dass nur wenige Energieversorger
eine Innovationsstrategie implementiert haben. Das geringe Ambitionsniveau bei innovativen Projekten, sowie der geringe Grad der Verschriftlichung und organisatorischen Verankerung von Innovationsstrategien
gegenüber anderen Unternehmen belegen die insgesamt geringe Priorität von Innovationsaktivitäten gegenüber dem Tagesgeschäft.
Molecular Chemistry for Dark Matter. II. Recombination, Molecule Formation, and Halo Mass Function in Atomic Dark Matter
Authors: Gurian James , Jeong Donghui , Ryan Michael , Shandera Sarah
Published: August 2022

Dissipative dark matter predicts rich observable phenomena that can be tested with future large-scale structure surveys. As a specific example, we study atomic dark matter, consisting of a heavy particle and a light particle charged under a dark electromagnetism. In particular, we calculate the cosmological evolution of atomic dark matter focusing on dark recombination and dark molecule formation. We have obtained the relevant interaction rate coefficients by rescaling the rates for normal hydrogen, and evolved the abundances for ionized, atomic, and molecular states using a modified version of Recfast++ (which we have released publicly at

a

a

https://github.com/jamesgurian/RecfastJulia

). We also provide an analytical approximation for the final abundances. We then calculate the effects of atomic dark matter on the linear power spectrum, which enter through a dark photon diffusion and dark acoustic oscillations. At formation time, the atomic dark matter model suppresses halo abundances on scales smaller than the diffusion scale, just as warm dark matter models suppress the abundance below the free-streaming scale. The subsequent evolution with radiative cooling, however, will alter the halo mass function further.
Molecular Chemistry for Dark Matter. III. DarkKROME
Authors: Ryan Michael , Shandera Sarah , Gurian James , Jeong Donghui
Published: August 2022

Dark matter that is dissipative may cool sufficiently to form compact objects, including black holes. Determining the abundance and mass spectrum of those objects requires an accurate model of the chemistry relevant for the cooling of the dark matter gas. Here we introduce a chemistry tool for dark matter, DarkKROME, an extension of the KROME software package. DarkKROME is designed to include all atomic and molecular processes relevant for dark matter with two unequal-mass fundamental fermions, interacting via a massless-photon-mediated U(1) force. We use DarkKROME to perform one-zone collapse simulations and study the evolution of temperature–density phase diagrams for various dark sector parameters. DarkKROME is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/mtryan83/darkkrome.
Molecular Chemistry for Dark Matter
Authors: Ryan Michael , Gurian James , Shandera Sarah , Jeong Donghui
Published: August 2022

Molecular cooling is essential for studying the formation of substructure of dissipative dark-matter halos that may host compact objects such as black holes. Here, we analyze the reaction rates relevant for the formation, dissociation, and transition of hydrogenic molecules while allowing for different values of the physical parameters: the coupling constant, the proton mass, and the electron mass. For all cases, we rescale the reaction rates for the standard molecular hydrogen, so our results are valid as long as the dark matter is weakly coupled and one of the fermions is much heavier than the other. These results will allow a robust numerical treatment of cosmic structure, in particular for minihalos for which molecular cooling is important, in a dissipative dark-matter scenario.
Spatially Resolved Observations of Betelgeuse at λ7 mm and λ1.3 cm Just prior to the Great Dimming
Authors: Matthews L. D. , Dupree A. K.
Published: August 2022

We present spatially resolved observations of Betelgeuse (α Orionis) obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at λ ∼ 7 mm (44 GHz) and λ ∼ 1.3 cm (22 GHz) on 2019 August 2, just prior to the onset of the historical optical dimming that occurred between late 2019 and early 2020. Our measurements suggest recent changes in the temperature and density structure of the atmosphere between radii r ∼ 2R⋆ and 3R⋆. At λ7 mm the star is ∼20% dimmer than in previously published observing epochs between 1996 and 2004. We measure a mean gas temperature of T

B
= 2270 ± 260 K at r ∼ 2.1R⋆, where R
⋆ is the canonical photospheric radius. This is ∼2σ lower than previously reported temperatures at comparable radii and >1200 K lower than predicted by previous semiempirical models of the atmosphere. The measured brightness temperature at r ∼ 2.6R
⋆ (T

B
= 2580 ± 260 K) is also cooler than expected based on trends in past measurements. The stellar brightness profile in our current measurements appears relatively smooth and symmetric, with no obvious signatures of giant convective cells or other surface features. However, the azimuthally averaged brightness profile is found to be more complex than a uniform elliptical disk. Our observations were obtained approximately 6 weeks before spectroscopic measurements in the ultraviolet revealed evidence of increases in the chromospheric electron density in the southern hemisphere of Betelgeuse, coupled with a large-scale outflow. We discuss possible scenarios linking these events with the observed radio properties of the star, including the passage of a strong shock wave.
Swift J0503.7−2819: a Short-period Asynchronous Polar or Stream-fed Intermediate Polar
Authors: Halpern J. P.
Published: August 2022

We analyze a 7.4 hr XMM-Newton light curve of the cataclysmic variable Swift J0503.7−2819, previously classified using optical periods as an intermediate polar (IP) with an orbital period of 0.0567 days. A photometric signal at 975 s, previously suggested to be the spin period, is not present in X-rays and is readily understood as a quasiperiodic oscillation. The X-ray light curve instead shows clear behavior of a highly asynchronous polar or stream-fed IP. It can be described by either of two scenarios: one that switches between one-pole and two-pole accretion, and another in which accretion alternates fully between two poles. The spin periods in these two models are 0.0455 days and 0.0505 days, respectively. The spin frequency ω is thus either 24% faster or 12% faster than the orbital frequency Ω, and the corresponding beat period between spin and orbit is 0.231 days or 0.462 days. Brief absorption events seen in the light curve are spaced in a way that may favor the longer spin and beat periods. These periods are confirmed and refined using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System. The short beat cycle of Swift J0503.7−2819 makes it well-suited to resolving this common dilemma, which amounts to deciding whether the main signal in the power spectrum is ω or 2ω − Ω.
Third and Fourth Harmonics of Electromagnetic Emissions by a Weak Beam in a Solar Wind Plasma with Random Density Fluctuations
Authors: Krafft C. , Savoini P.
Published: August 2022

Electromagnetic emissions



3

and



4

at the third and fourth harmonics of the plasma frequency ω

p
were observed during the occurrence of type II and type III solar radio bursts. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed using a weak beam, high space and time resolutions, and a plasma with density fluctuations of a few percent, for parameters relevant to regions of type III bursts. For the first time, a detailed study of the different wave coalescence processes involved in the generation of



3

and



4

waves is presented and the impact of density fluctuations on the wave interaction mechanisms is demonstrated. Energy ratios between the second, third, and fourth harmonics



2

,



3

, and



4

are consistent with space observations. It is shown that, in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous plasmas, the dominant processes generating



3

(



4

) are the coalescence of



2

(



3

) with a Langmuir wave, in spite of the random density fluctuations modifying the waves’ resonance conditions by energy transport in the wavevector space and of the damping of Langmuir waves. The role of the backscattered (forward-propagating) Langmuir waves coming from the first (second) cascade of the electrostatic decay of beam-driven Langmuir waves is determinant in these processes. Understanding such wave coalescence mechanisms can provide indirect information on Langmuir and ion acoustic wave turbulence, the average level of density inhomogeneities, and suprathermal electron fluxes generated in solar wind regions where the harmonics manifest. Causes for the rarity of their observations are discussed.
Lyα Halos around [O iii]-selected Galaxies in HETDEX
Authors: Lujan Niemeyer Maja , Bowman William P. , Ciardullo Robin , Gronke Max , Komatsu Eiichiro , Fabricius Maximilian , Farrow Daniel J. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Gebhardt Karl , Gronwall Caryl , Hill Gary J. , Liu Chenxu , Cooper Erin Mentuch , Schneider Donald P. , Tuttle Sarah , Zeimann Gregory R.
Published: August 2022

We present extended Lyα emission out to 800 kpc of 1034 [O iii]-selected galaxies at redshifts 1.9 < z < 2.35 using the Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment. The locations and redshifts of the galaxies are taken from the 3D-HST survey. The median-stacked surface brightness profile of the Lyα emission of the [O iii]-selected galaxies agrees well with that of 968 bright Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) at r > 40 kpc from the galaxy centers. The surface brightness in the inner parts (r < 10 kpc) around the [O iii]-selected galaxies, however, is 10 times fainter than that of the LAEs. Our results are consistent with the notion that photons dominating the outer regions of the Lyα halos are not produced in the central galaxies but originate outside of them.
Demographic Characteristics and Causes of Visual Impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan: A Hospital-based Study
Authors: Elmadina Abdelaziz M. , Ali Atif Babiker , Alrasheed Saif H. , Aldakhil Sulaiman , Alluwimi Mohammed , Derar Roghia Abdarshead
Published: August 2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that visual impairment (VI) is a reduction of vision functions due to eye diseases, trauma, and congenital eye conditions. Current estimates indicate that more than 90% of people with vision impairment live in rural and developing countries. AIM: This study aimed to determine demographic characteristics and causes of visual impairment in the White Nile State of Sudan METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study, including all patients attending Kosti and Rabak eye hospitals from January to December 2017, was conducted. A total of 1000 records were reviewed, 300 of them met the required criteria and then included in this study, with a mean age of 59.8 ± 18.5 (ranging from 10 to 95) years old. Visual impairment was classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, 2018 (ICD-11). RESULTS: The prevalence of VI was found at 28.5 %. Based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 6 participants (2.0%) were mild VI, 32 (10.7%) had moderate VI, 152 (50.7%) had severe VI, and 110 (36.7%) were blind. VI was associated with patients' age in children (3.6%) and reached (48.3) in older age (P=0.001). VI was more common among males 158 (52.7%) than females but was statistically not significant (P=0.35). The main causes of VI were cataract (52%), refractive errors (20.7%), glaucoma (16.3%), corneal disorders (5.3%), diabetic retinopathy (1.7 %), and other causes (4%). Conclusion Visual impairment was high in the community and more prevalent among older age. Cataract was the leading cause of VI, then refractive errors and glaucoma. Among children, uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts were the common leading causes of VI. In adults, the main causes were cataracts, uncorrected refractive errors, and glaucoma.
New Developments and Future Vision of the Nomenclatural Database IPNI and the Taxonomic Database WCVP
Authors: Govaerts Rafaël , Hartley Helen , Krieger Jonathan , Wrankmore Emma
Published: August 2022

IPNI (International Plant Names Index) has been providing nomenclatural data in one form or another for the past 138 years. Over the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the data and making it accessible via a new website. We will be showcasing the new features that have been added to the website, in particular the latest addition, name registration. While obligatory name registration has already been in place for fungi for a decade, we will be highlighting the opportunities it will bring to vascular plant sciences and our ever-increasing pace of data needs. Name registration will lighten the burden of finding newly published names and entering them into the IPNI database, allowing the IPNI curation team to focus on other aspects that have been left behind, like data standardisation. We will also be revisiting some of the longstanding features of IPNI like the LSID (Life Sciences Identifier), which has been used on the IPNI website since its launch in the year 2000, even though new projects still continue to invent their own identifiers. We will look into why this is and how these can improve the efficiency of curating databases that contain plant names, including WFO (World Flora Online).

For the past 34 years, the IPNI data have been the basis for the taxonomic database, WCVP (World Checklist of Vascular Plants), which records both synonymy and biogeography of vascular plants. Since 2014, both these datasets are curated as part of the same team resulting in greater coordination and data improvements on both sides. WCSP contains some 200,000 names that are not in IPNI and the process has now started to add them to IPNI. IPNI LSIDs have also been added to WCVP, increasing the opportunities of linking to other programmes, like WFO. A widespread utilisation of IPNI LSIDS would offer the opportunity to combine different global plant checklists, allowing users to choose under which taxonomy they want to see data and forego the requirement for one globally agreed taxonomy. However, IPNI and WCVP are still stand-alone legacy database systems, which limit their functionality in a continually changing landscape of user needs.

Although half of the WCVP data have been reviewed by experts, more integrated access is needed to speed up the review of the other half and continued direct access by these expert groups, including some of the TENs (Taxonomic Expert Networks) established for WFO. We will investigate the possible synergies that may be possible by combining the day-to-day grind of WCVP data management and expert input.
Two new species of the dwarf centipede genus Nannarrup Foddai, Bonato, Pereira & Minelli, 2003 (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Mecistocephalidae) from Japan
Authors: Tsukamoto Sho , Shimano Satoshi , Eguchi Katsuyuki
Published: August 2022

The genus Nannarrup Foddai, Bonato, Pereira & Minelli, 2003 is a monotypic genus established on the basis of the possibly introduced species N. hoffmani Foddai, Bonato, Pereira & Minelli, 2003, from New York, USA. In the present study, in a field survey conducted throughout Japan, Nannarrup-like specimens were collected from Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. These specimens clearly showed the diagnostic characteristics of the genus but were morphologically distinct from N. hoffmani. Furthermore, morphological analysis and DNA barcoding revealed that these specimens could be assigned to two distinct undescribed species. On the basis of these results, N. innuptus Tsukamoto, sp. nov. and N. oyamensis Tsukamoto, sp. nov. are described. The three Nannarrup species can be distinguished from each other on the basis of the following combination of characteristics: presence or absence of a pair of smooth or weakly areolate areas along the posterior part of the paraclypeal sutures; the width-to-length ratio of the denticle on the trochanteroprefemur; the pigmentation of the denticle on the tarsungulum. Moreover, the field survey resulted in the collection of exclusively female specimens of N. innuptus Tsukamoto, sp. nov., which shows the possibility of parthenogenesis of this species.
Developing Your Stories
Authors: Kowalski Karren
Published: August 2022

When creating and developing stories to engage nurses, it is essential that the stories have a character, a goal, and a challenge. It is also helpful if the stories have an impact on listeners' emotions. Consider professional and life experiences that can be developed into effective stories.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2022;53(8):346–347.]
Person-Centered Memory Care Through Montessori for Dementia and Ageing: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Douglas Natalie F. , Brush Jennifer
Published: August 2022

Montessori for Dementia and Ageing (MDA) is a philosophy to support person-centered care (PCC) and autonomy of older adults. This quality improvement project documented outcomes of implementation of the MDA philosophy in a long-term care memory neighborhood. After an initial training session, MDA was implemented with weekly, 2-hour on-site coaching sessions over the course of two semesters (28 weeks) with a community of 20 female persons living with dementia (PWD). Primary outcomes were negative responsive behaviors of PWD, whereas the secondary outcome included percentage of active engagement of PWD. Mean number of negative responsive behaviors was 62.21 at baseline, which decreased to 33.82 at the end of the project per the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. At baseline, PWD were actively engaged in 18.15% of observed opportunities, according to the Engage portion of the Resident-Centered Assessment of Interactions with Staff and Engagement Tool. At the end of the project, PWD were actively engaged in 40.56% of observed opportunities. Results suggest that MDA is feasible to implement PCC in a long-term care memory neighborhood. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(8), 6–9.]
Reducing Hospitalizations Among Nursing Facility Residents: Policy Environment and Suggestions for the Future in Seven States
Authors: Tyler Denise A. , Kordomenos Cleanthe , Ingber Melvin J.
Published: August 2022

The current study examined the policy and market context existing in the seven states where the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Initiative to Reduce Avoidable Hospitalizations among Nursing Facility Residents took place. Stakeholder organizations with knowledge of the skilled nursing facility environment but who were not directly involved with the CMS Initiative were interviewed to assess the impact of policies and programs affecting transfers to the hospital from long-term care facilities. Focused interviews were used to identify areas of quality improvement as well as market forces that contributed to hospitalization rates. Interviews were qualitatively coded and emerging patterns and themes were identified. Market pressures were similar across states. Few policies were found that may have affected the Initiative, but most states had regional coalitions focused on improving some aspect of care. When asked what else could be done to reduce hospitalizations among nursing facility residents, participants across the stakeholder organizations suggested greater presence of physicians and nurse practitioners in nursing facilities, better training around behavioral health issues for frontline staff, and more advance care planning and education for families regarding end of life. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48
(8), 10–16.]
Text-Based Chatbot in Financial Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wube Hana Demma , Esubalew Sintayehu Zekarias , Weldesellasie Firesew Fayiso , Debelee Taye Girma
Published: August 2022

Text-based chatbots are implemented in the financial sector to enhance the relationship between the customer and services provided by the sector, and also to address external challenges and customer requirements. The chatbot technology in the financial sector serves to examine customers' frequently asked questions and the representation of the process using machine learning. In light of this, this study presents a comprehensive systematic literature review of articles focused on text-based chatbots in the financial sector. It describes the understanding of chatbots in the financial sector in terms of implementation, adoption intention, attitude toward use and acceptance; it also describes how people experience chatbots, specifically in terms of perception, expectation and trust, as well as how they are engaging and emotionally motivated; management of the security and privacy vulnerabilities of the chatbots; and identifies the potential strategies that can hinder the efficient, successful evolution of chatbots in the financial sector. Finally, the main findings regarding the use of text chatbots in the financial sector are presented; additionally, the open issues in current research are highlighted and a number of research opportunities that can be pursued in the future are suggested.
Time-fractional telegraph equation of distributed order in higher dimensions with Hilfer fractional derivatives
Authors: Vieira Nelson , Rodrigues M. Manuela , Ferreira Milton
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we consider the time-fractional telegraph equation of distributed order in higher spatial dimensions, where the time derivative is in the sense of Hilfer, thus interpolating between the Riemann-Liouville and the Caputo fractional derivatives. By employing the techniques of the Fourier, Laplace, and Mellin transforms, we obtain a representation of the solution of the Cauchy problem associated with the equation in terms of convolutions involving functions that are Laplace integrals of Fox H-functions. Fractional moments of the first fundamental solution are computed and for the special case of double-order distributed it is analyzed in detail the asymptotic behavior of the second-order moment, by application of the Tauberian Theorem. Finally, we exhibit plots of the variance showing its behavior for short and long times, and for different choices of the parameters along small dimensions.
A synthesized model of tuberculosis transmission featuring treatment abandonment
Authors: Barrios-Rivera Edwin , Bastidas-Santacruz Hanner E. , Ramirez-Bernate Carmen A. , Vasilieva Olga
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we propose and justify a synthesized version of the tuberculosis transmission model featuring treatment abandonment. In contrast to other models that account for the treatment abandonment, our model has only four state variables or classes (susceptible, latent, infectious, and treated), while people abandoning treatment are not gathered into an additional class. The proposed model retains the core properties that are highly desirable in epidemiological modeling. Namely, the disease transmission dynamics is characterized by the basic reproduction number $ \mathscr{R}_0 $, a threshold value that determines the number of possible steady states and their stability properties. It is shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable (GAS) only if $ \mathscr{R}_0 < 1 $, while a strictly positive endemic equilibrium exists and is GAS only if $ \mathscr{R}_0 > 1. $ Analysis of the dependence of $ \mathscr{R}_0 $ on the treatment abandonment rate shows that a reduction of the treatment abandonment rate has a positive effect on the disease incidence and results in avoiding disease-related fatalities.
Two-way coupling and Kolmogorov scales on inhaler spray plume evolutions from Ventolin, ProAir, and Qvar
Authors: Xi Jinxiang , Talaat Mohamed , Si Xiuhua April
Published: August 2022

Previous numerical studies of pulmonary drug delivery using metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) often neglected the momentum transfer from droplets to fluid. However, Kolmogorov length scales in MDI flows can be comparable to the droplet sizes in the orifice vicinity, and their interactions can modify the spray behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the two-way coupling effects on spray plume evolutions compared to one-way coupling. The influences from the mass loading, droplet size, and inhaler type were also examined. Large-eddy simulation and Lagrangian approach were used to simulate the flow and droplet motions. Two-way coupled predictions appeared to provide significantly improved predictions of the aerosol behaviors close to the Ventolin orifice than one-way coupling. Increasing the applied MDI dose mass altered both the fluid and aerosol dynamics, notably bending the spray plume downward when applying a dose ten times larger. The droplet size played a key role in spray dynamics, with the plume being suppressed for 2-µm aerosols and enhanced for 20-µm aerosols. The Kolmogorov length scale ratio dp/η correlated well with the observed difference in spray plumes, with suppressed plumes when dp/η < 0.1 and enhanced plumes when dp/η > 0.1. For the three inhalers considered (Ventolin, ProAir, and Qvar), significant differences were predicted using two-way and one-way coupling despite the level and manifestation of these differences varied. Two-way coupling effects were significant for MDI sprays and should be considered in future numerical studies.
What Should Work-Life Be Like in a Globally Emancipated Society?
Authors: Varela Raquel , della Santa Roberto
Published: August 2022

The authors seek to critically reflect on the meaning of work in a globally emancipated society. They start by arguing that work is a central issue for human societies, whether to produce socially useful goods, to provide basic needs or as the making, objectification, and safeguarding of ontological humanization of Mankind itself – even if in the field of socialist politics this centrality has been overshadowed by programs mainly focused on the defense of assistentialism, philanthropy, or even charity. To conceive work today, in the current stage of the capitalist society, we have to mobilize several concepts, methods, and areas of knowledge, among which the authors highlight critical sociology, global labor history, and psychodynamics of work. Finally, they argue about what would be the fundamental aspects of work in an emancipated society.
Gender Violence in Mexico Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia Maria , Yáñez-Moneda Alicia L.
Published: August 2022

This chapter analyzes gender-based violence in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various indicators related to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 5, “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls,” are analyzed. The fuzzy ordering method of Subjective Preferences is used to perform two multidimensional analyses, a global analysis that identifies the position of Mexico with regards to other countries in the American continent and an analysis that identifies the position of each of the states of the Mexican Republic. The results allow the authors to identify the countries with the lowest and highest prevalence of gender-based violence as well as the states of the Mexican Republic with the lowest and highest prevalence of gender-based violence.
PPG-Based Cardiovascular Disease Predictor Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: S. Dhanalakshmi , B. Gayathiridevi , S. Kiruthika , Jeya Jothi E Smily
Published: August 2022

Heart disease is estimated to be the major cause of death among the middle-aged population worldwide. Researchers assess huge volumes of medical data using a variety of statistical, machine learning, and deep learning methods, supporting healthcare practitioners in predicting heart illness. This work aims to predict the likelihood of people developing heart disease using a wearable wristband that can record photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Cardiovascular features extracted from the PPG signal are used to train the prediction algorithm. It enables the patient to self-monitor their health and take precautionary measures and treatment at the onset of symptoms of the disease. Random forest, convolutional neural network, long short-term memory networks are trained using publicly available databases comprising both affected and standard parameters and thereby used for comparison with the acquired sensor data for predictive analysis.
The lived experiences of mothers who have children with congenital abnormalities in the Gert Sibande district
Authors: Mazibuko Thandeka B. , Ramukumba Tendani , Ngwenya Nomusa
Published: August 2022

Background: Mothers are regarded as primary care givers. The experience of having a child with congenital abnormality may have an impact on their psychological well-being. It was observed that the psychological well-being of mothers is often unattended by health professionals, including nurses and their families. Mothers make adjustments in their daily lives to ensure the child’s activities of daily living are attended. Therefore, this raises the need for the experience of mothers who have children with congenital abnormalities in the Gert Sibande district to be explored. Gert Sibande was chosen because it has been observed that several mothers who visit the clinic and outpatient department have children with congenital abnormalities.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of mothers who have children with congenital abnormalities.Method: A phenomenological study was conducted. Purposive sampling of 12 participants was done. The study used adjusted ecological model of health for guidance. Data gathering was done by self-report using unstructured face-to-face interviews until data saturation was reached.Results: Five themes emerged from the study, which include ‘being hurt emotionally’, ‘sense of guilt’, ‘acceptance’, ‘support from family’ and ‘community reaction to the congenital abnormality’. The findings show that mothers were affected by having children with congenital abnormalities.Conclusion: The study revealed that mothers of children with congenital abnormalities experienced devastation, denial, guilt and lack of acceptance of their child’s condition. The study indicates that mothers require support from health care professionals, family and the community.
Using signalling theory to assess the Government of Ghana’s risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Owusu Ansah Martin , Afeafa Ry-Kottoh Lucy , Ameza-Xemalordzo Enya B. , Aawaar Godfred
Published: August 2022

Background: The proliferation of information through social media and on other communication networks during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era altered information transfer in many countries. The content of the messages from government officials, media coverage and alternative narratives, affected the level of compliance in adhering to the various health protocols amongst the public.Aim: This article aimed to determine the relationship between the message used, media coverage, alternative narratives, the public’s attitude towards staying at home and their commitment to stay at home during the COVID-19 pandemic campaign period in Ghana.Setting: A total of 352 respondents was sampled from the Kumasi metropolis.Methods: A survey sample strategy and a convenience sampling technique were used while structural equation modelling with Partial least square (PLS) version 3.0 was used for the analysis.Results: The study revealed that the nature of media coverage employed and the alternative narratives had a significant positive effect on the attitude of the respondents, whilst the content of the message had insignificant effects on the attitude of the public. Finally, the attitude of the people had a significant positive influence on their respective commitment to stay home.Conclusion: Developing countries in Africa need to fight pandemics using purely subsidised health officials or directorates rather than have government-appointed health experts and officials spearheading activities during a pandemic.Contribution: This study contributes to the clear understanding on some COVID-19 misinformation, the distinctive cost it poses to public health delivery in developing economies and the potential strategy of using neutral public health persons to curb the spread of the virus.
Experiences of neurofeedback therapists in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Oliveira Jessica , Pellow Janice , Tsele-Tebakang Tebogo , Solomon Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2022

Background: Neurofeedback is a neurostimulatory biofeedback behavioural therapy that regulates brain wave levels for optimal cognitive functioning. It has shown promising results for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Aim: To explore and describe the experiences of neurofeedback therapists (NTs) using neurofeedback to treat children and adults with ADHD and their experience of its role and value in treating this condition.Setting: Interviews were conducted in participants’ private consultation rooms in Gauteng, South Africa.Methods: In this qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach, six registered NTs with experience of treating ADHD were interviewed. Participants were asked: ‘Tell me about your experiences of neurofeedback with ADHD patients in your practice.’ Responses were audio-recorded, transcribed and underwent thematic analysis.Results: Participants experienced neurofeedback as an effective treatment for ADHD and other coexisting conditions, such as anxiety and insomnia. Participants felt that the neurofeedback process facilitates a beneficial therapeutic relationship and integrates well with other treatment methods. Challenges faced in practice included certain underlying comorbidities, home environment, poor patient compliance and NTs’ level of expertise, which impact treatment outcomes.Conclusion: Neurofeedback therapists expressed an overall positive perception of the value of neurofeedback to reduce ADHD symptom severity and improve quality of life, particularly when used as part of a multimodal approach. Participants identified a need for further education and awareness regarding the use of neurofeedback for ADHD.Contribution: This study has contributed to our understanding of the role of neurofeedback in treating ADHD in the South African setting.
Populism versus constitutionalism in South Africa: Engaging public theology through dialogue
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T.
Published: August 2022

South African politics has taken a different turn since the dawn of the democratic era in 1994. After 28 years of democracy, there has been some populists’ and constitutionalists’ tension in democratic South Africa. The Mandela and Mbeki presidencies are marked for constitutionalism, while the Zuma tenure of nine years is marked as the era of populism. The constitutional republic already experiences the tension between the politics of the populists and of the constitutionalists. This article aims to identify and analyse the concepts of populism and constitutionalism and invites public theology to dialogue with these political ideologies in order to bring harmonious coexistence in democratic South Africa. Through the literature study and latest press release statements, incidents and concepts were discovered to give definitions and the analyses of populism, constitutionalism, and public theology. Public theology is chosen against political theology, due to the emphasis of dialogue as a manner of making theological statements. It is realised that populists are full of charisma, and they use this to charm the masses, offering them promises of prosperity and peace, while in fact they regard themselves as the masses, as they are the sole representatives of the people. They carry the agenda of entitlement. On the other hand, the research finds that constitutionalists apply rationality to constitutional dictates in order to govern for democratic stability in society. They would like to see the state where the rule of law guarantees citizens’ safety and security and economic prosperity. By reading this article one finds that this research emphasises that public theology through its dialogical nature, prophetic calling, anthropological centricity, engaging methodology, is inherently missional in the politically chaotic world. As a discipline, public theology is intradisciplinary, therefore engages other theological fields, including natural and social disciplines in order to reinforce its missional character. The conclusion is that public theology should be at the forefront, inviting politicians from different spectrums and convictions to the table of dialogue. Dialogue paves the way towards understanding, synergy, and trust. Theo-political interactions are crucial towards justice formation, which builds societal harmony and peaceful coexistence. Political tensions in South Africa offer public theology a golden opportunity to assert itself in civil affairs, and makes its voice audible in the marketplace.Contribution: The interdisciplinary approach in this article contributes towards the importance of a relationship between the political studies and theology. Legal studies, history, and current affairs enrich the theological role in public affairs. Populism and constitutionalism are political ideologies in tension, and public theology through dialogue, contributes towards peaceful life in a democratic state.
Exploring the relationship between commognition and the Van Hiele theory for studying problem-solving discourse in Euclidean geometry education
Authors: Mahlaba Sfiso C. , Mudaly Vimolan
Published: August 2022

This article is an advanced theoretical study as a result of a chapter from the first author’s PhD study. The aim of the article is to discuss the relationship between commognition and the Van Hiele theory for studying discourse during Euclidean geometry problem-solving. Commognition is a theoretical framework that can be used in mathematics education to explain mathematical thinking through one’s discourse during problem-solving. Commognition uses four elements that characterise mathematical discourse and the difference between ritualistic and explorative discourses to explain how one displays mastery of mathematical problem-solving. On the other hand, the Van Hiele theory characterises five levels of geometrical thinking during one’s geometry learning and development. These five levels are fixed and mastery of one level leads to the next, and there is no success in the next level without mastering the previous level. However, for the purpose of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) we only focused on the first four Van Hiele levels. Findings from this theoretical review revealed that progress in the Van Hiele levels of geometrical thinking depends mainly on the discourse participation of the preservice teachers when solving geometry problems. In particular, an explorative discourse is required for the development in these four levels of geometrical thinking as compared to a ritualistic discourse participation.
In pursuit of increasing the application of tele-audiology in South Africa: COVID-19 puts on the alert for patient site facilitator training
Authors: Khoza-Shangase Katijah
Published: August 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented and highlighted new and unanticipated challenges to the provision of clinical services, raising an urgency for the application of different models of service delivery, including tele-audiology. In many tele-audiology encounters, a site facilitator is needed at the patient site to help with the hands-on aspects of procedures, and the implications of this requirement are significant for the resource-constrained African context.Objectives: The aim of this scoping review was to investigate published evidence on training provided to patient site facilitators (PSFs) for tele-audiology application to guide the South African audiology community in tele-audiology application initiatives.Method: Electronic bibliographic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus MEDLINE and ProQuest were searched to identify peer-reviewed publications, published in English, between 2017 and 2021 related to training of PSFs. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were followed during the screening process as well as for illustrating the process.Results: Findings are discussed under four key themes: (1) type of tele-audiology and the implications thereof, (2) length of training and its implications, (3) diversity in the range of PSFs used and its implications for the training, and (4) heterogeneity in the training.Conclusion: The findings highlight important considerations for tele-audiology application within the African context, specifically decision-making around who can serve in the role of PSFs, as well as content and nature of training required, with implications for policy and regulations as well as human resource strategy. These findings are important for the COVID-19 pandemic era and beyond.
Globalisation and economic growth in Africa: New evidence from the past two decades
Authors: Beri Parfait B. , Mhonyera Gabriel , Nubong Gabila F.
Published: August 2022

Background: In the last two decades, the world experienced two overlapping global shocks – that is, the 2008–2009 financial crisis and the COVID-19 lockdowns – with severe social and economic consequences on African economies that have, once again, brought to the fore the intricate role that globalisation plays in economic growth because of grave risks that often accompany it.Aim: We consider three research questions about globalisation: (i) does globalisation heighten economic growth? (ii) is there a statistically significant threshold level of globalisation above which globalisation affects growth differently than at lower levels? (iii) what factors moderate the globalisation-economic growth nexus?Setting: A panel of 47 selected countries from Africa from 2001 to 2018 is under scrutiny.Method: To begin, it applies an overlapping five-year moving average (MA) to smoothen the data. In addition, we employ the revised globalisation index and the two-step systems generalised method of the moment (GMM) in its empirical strategy.Results: We find a largely insignificant relationship between globalisation and economic growth. We attribute these results to Africa’s infinitesimal share – less than 5% – in foreign direct investment (FDI) and global trade, acute infrastructure deficit and the lack of relevant skills that lead to productivity losses and weak performance within the international business ecosystem. We also find, among others, that globalisation is more effective in countries with more gross capital formation, higher population and urban growth rates.Conclusion: For Africa to maximise its growth potential from globalisation, sound policies should be put in place to promote trade, FDI, domestic capital formation and urbanisation. We suggest that future studies investigate the long-run equilibrium relationship between globalisation and economic growth.
Scapular force: Couple ratios in healthy shoulders – An observational study reflecting typical values
Authors: Briel Sonia , Olivier Benita , Mudzi Witness
Published: August 2022

Background: Scapular stability is primarily maintained through the action of the scapular stabilisers and not through bony stability. The values of the force couple ratios of the scapular stabilisers remain largely unknown.Objectives: To determine typical scapular force couple strength ratios in the pain-free shoulders of healthy female and male participants.Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study. The muscle strength of the serratus anterior upper and lower fibres, the upper, middle and lower trapezius and the rhomboids (in both shoulders) were determined in kilogram force (kgf) using a handheld dynamometer. The ratios of the force couples of the scapulae of both shoulders of the participants were calculated. Participants (both female and male) with healthy shoulders were recruited from the general public (a local university, schools, church groups and sport clubs). We mainly utilised descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was set at 5%.Results: Force couple ratios were as follows (means, with SD). Dominant arm in women: upper trapezius:lower trapezius 3.63 (0.97); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 1.97 (0.27); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.40 (0.10); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.41 (0.21); lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.74 (0.17). Dominant arm in men: upper trapezius:lower trapezius = 2.70 (0.72); serratus anterior lower fibres:lower trapezius = 2.15 (0.45); middle trapezius:serratus anterior upper fibres = 0.47 (0.12); serratus anterior lower fibres:rhomboids = 1.40 (0.31) and lower trapezius:rhomboids = 0.17 (0.6).Conclusion: Specific force couple strength ratios were determined, between and within the nondominant and the dominant arms of the shoulders of healthy women and men.Clinical implications: Scapular stability is mainly maintained through the optimal force couple balance of the scapular stabilisers.