bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The stability of implants and microbiological effects following photobiomodulation therapy with one‐stage placement: A randomized, controlled, single‐blinded, and split‐mouth clinical study
Authors: Bozkaya Suleyman , Uraz Ahu , Guler Berceste , Kahraman Sevil Altundağ , Turhan Bal Bilge
Published: April 2021

Background

Studies have reported a positive effect on bone healing and the elimination of microorganisms placed on the titanium implants, while others have not confirmed the positive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effects on bone regeneration and bone structure around the implants.

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to address the following questions: Does PBMT improve implant stability and affect microbiota around dental implants in the early stage of osseointegration?

Materials and Methods

This study was designed as randomized‐controlled prospective, split mouth, single‐blinded clinical trial. Implants were randomly divided into two groups and implants placed in the test group were treated with Gallium‐aluminum‐arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser with PBMT immediately after surgery and for 15 days (n = 47). In the control group, implants were not irradiated(n = 46). The primary stability of the implants was measured by the Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) after insertion and the secondary stability values were recorded at 30th, 60th, and 90th days after surgery as implant stability quotient (ISQ). The hand‐held RFA was held perpendicular to the jaw line as indicated by the manufacturer for buccal‐lingual (BL), mesial‐distal (MD), and lingual‐buccal (LB) measurement and different measurements were analyzed as separately.

Results

Significantly higher magnetic RFA values were achieved on the 90th day in all measurement sides for both groups. ISQ levels in groups at baseline and the day‐30, 60, and 90. ISQ readings were not statistically significant between test and control groups for each time point. A statistically significant increase in ISQ reading for BL, MD, and LB dimensions in both groups was noted from baseline to the day‐90 (P < .05).

Conclusion

It was concluded that PBMT did not have a clinically significant effect on implant stabilization, especially in terms of ISQ values at early alveolar bone healing term. Clinical trial number is NCT04495335.
It's a family affair: How social identification influences family CEO compensation
Authors: Mueller Elisabeth F. , Flickinger Miriam
Published: April 2021

Research Question/Issue

This study analyzes the heterogeneity of CEO compensation in family firms. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between a family CEO's social identification with the family firm and the level of her or his compensation.

Research Findings/Insights

Using a sample of S&P 500 family firms between 2006 and 2014, we find that levels of social identification among family CEOs explain the heterogeneous patterns of CEO compensation among family firms. Our results show that the level of social identification varies among family CEOs.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Our findings indicate that differences in social identification among individual family executives are an important factor in CEO compensation in family firms. This factor has been overlooked in the literature, which has instead focused on the explanatory power of faultlines between family versus non‐family firms or family versus non‐family executives in family firms.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Practitioners may value our finding that socio‐psychological dynamics influence strategic decision‐making in family firms, such as setting the compensation of the family CEO. In particular, practitioners should be aware of each family CEO's level of identification and should not assume that all family members equally socially identify with the family firm.
Abnormal iron status is independently associated with reduced oscillometric lung function in schoolchildren
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Lee Eun , Sung Myongsoon , Jee Hye Mi , Baek Hey Sung , Shin Youn Ho , Lee Na Hee , Han Man Yong
Published: April 2021

Background

Associations between anemia and allergic diseases have been reported, but the relationship of iron deficiency with airway dysfunction in children remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal iron parameters and lung function in schoolchildren.

Methods

Four hundred and forty‐five children (10–12 years‐old) from 11 elementary schools in were enrolled. The relationships of different iron parameters (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin) with lung function evaluated by impulse oscillometry (airways resistance at 5 Hz [Rrs5], 10 Hz [Rrs10], and the difference of Rrs5 and Rrs20 Hz [Rrs5‐20]), and with exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were evaluated after adjustment for confounders including height, sex, and body mass index z‐score, and for additional covariates that could affect airway function.

Results

Total airway dysfunction represented by Rrs5 was reduced in participants with low serum iron level (aβ: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.23 to −0.03, p = 0.040) after adjustment for key confounders, but did not correlate with other iron profiles. Reduced oscillometric lung function recorded as Rrs5‐20 was related with low serum iron and high serum ferritin, but the results were inconsistent after multiple comparisons. Associations were not observed with serum hemoglobin.

Conclusions

Decreased serum iron level was related with airway dysfunction represented as oscillomteric Rrs5. Our results suggest a relationship of reduced lung function with abnormal iron status in children.
Immunopathophysiology and clinical impact of uveitis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: An update
Authors: Hysa Elvis , Cutolo Carlo Alberto , Gotelli Emanuele , Pacini Greta , Schenone Carlotta , Kreps Elke O , Smith Vanessa , Cutolo Maurizio
Published: April 2021

Background

Uveitis is one of the most frequent ophthalmologic manifestations in rheumatology. Uveal inflammation can underlie a systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease (SIRD) in approximately 30% of cases with a significant burden on the quality of life since it represents a cause of blindness in up to 20% of cases in Western countries.

Methods

In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of uveitis associated with SIRDs. According to our literature survey on the epidemiology of uveitis among SIRDs, spondyloarthritides, Behçet's disease and sarcoidosis get the major impact.

Results

In Behçet's uveitis, the key players are highly polarized Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes, natural killer T cells and γδ T cells. All contribute to a great destructive inflammatory environment with the most serious visual damage resulting from the involvement of the posterior segment of the eye. In contrast, spondyloarthritides‐related uveitis derives from a complex interaction between genetic background and extra‐ocular inflammatory mediators originating from enthesitis, arthritis, psoriatic lesions and microbiome pro‐inflammatory alterations. In such conditions, the immune infiltration of CD4+ T cells, Th17 and natural killer cells along with pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α among all, leads to intraocular inflammation. Lastly, granuloma formation represents the primary hallmark lesion in sarcoid uveitis. This suggests a profound link between the innate system that mainly recruits activated macrophages and adaptive system involving by Th1, Th17 and Th17.1 cells.

Conclusions

Awareness among rheumatologists of a potential severe ocular involvement generates new insights into targeted therapeutic approaches and personalized treatments for each patient.
Dispersed information, social networks, and aggregate behavior
Authors: Grazzini Jakob , Massaro Domenico
Published: April 2021

This article argues that, in the presence of dispersed information, individual‐level idiosyncratic noise may propagate at the aggregate level when agents are connected through a social network. When information about a common fundamental is incomplete and heterogeneous across agents, it is beneficial to consider the actions of other agents because of the additional information conveyed by these actions. We refer to the act of using other agents' actions in the individual decision process as social learning. This article shows that social learning aimed at reducing the error of individual actions with respect to the fundamental may increase the error of the aggregate action depending on the network topology. Moreover, if the network is very asymmetric, the error of the aggregate action does not decay as predicted by the law of large numbers.
A next generation sequencing‐based analysis of a large cohort of ataxic patients refines the clinical spectrum associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 21
Authors: Riso Vittorio , Galatolo Daniele , Barghigiani Melissa , Galosi Serena , Tessa Alessandra , Ricca Ivana , Rossi Salvatore , Caputi Caterina , Cioffi Ettore , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Casali Carlo , Santorelli Filippo M. , Silvestri Gabriella
Published: April 2021

Background and purpose

Spinocerebellar ataxia 21 (SCA21) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by TMEM240 gene mutations. To date, SCA21 has been reported only in a limited number of families worldwide. Here, we describe clinical and molecular findings in five additional SCA21 patients from four unrelated families, diagnosed through a multicentre next generation sequencing‐based molecular screening project on a large cohort of patients with degenerative and congenital ataxias.

Methods

A cohort of 393 patients with ataxia of unknown aetiology was selected. Following the identification of heterozygous pathogenic TMEM240 variants using a target resequencing panel, we carried out an in‐depth phenotyping of the novel SCA21 patients.

Results

Five patients from four unrelated families, three of Italian and one of Libyan origin, were identified. These patients were carriers of previously reported TMEM240 mutations. Clinically, our SCA21 cohort includes both adult onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxias associated with cognitive impairment resembling cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and early onset forms associated with cognitive delay, neuropsychiatric features, or evidence of hypomyelination on brain magnetic resonance imaging. None of our patients exhibited signs of extrapyramidal involvement. The so‐called “recurrent” c.509C>T (p.Pro170Leu) mutation was detected in two of four families, corroborating its role as a hot spot.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that SCA21 is present also in Italy, suggesting that it might not be as rare as previously thought. The phenotype of these novel SCA21 patients indicates that slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, and cognitive and psychiatric symptoms are the most typical clinical features associated with mutations in the TMEM240 gene.
An approach for constructing expert yellow pages for community question answering sites
Authors: Li Ming , Qi Xiaoyu , Li Ying , Lu Xiuzhi , Wang Li
Published: April 2021

The rapid increase in the number of community‐based question‐and‐answer services is attracting many users. Questions are posted and answered by community members. These users, who can help other users answer questions, can be considered experts. To facilitate finding a suitable expert and alleviate information overload, in this paper, expert yellow pages (EYP) for community question answering (CQA) are constructed. Considering the various lengths of texts, the biterm topic model (BTM) is used to model questions and fields of expertise. Then, two‐dimensional EYP (2DEYP), which are composed of expertise field dimensions and question dimensions, are constructed. The intersections represent the cluster of experts. The proposed 2DEYP can be expanded both laterally and vertically for a more in‐depth understanding and a more precise location. As the closer neurons represent similar topics, a novel labelling method is proposed to identify topic words for navigation. The method uses the distance between neurons as the differentiation capability. To further distinguish experts, a ranking mechanism is proposed. The experts can be ranked by integrating their expertise and activity levels. The expertise level is novel and characterized by both breadth and depth aspects. The proposed approach is evaluated via a real dataset, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and performs well.
Partner Physical Aggression and Risk for Physical Child Abuse
Authors: O'Leary K. Daniel , Jouriles Ernest N.
Published: April 2021

Two randomly drawn samples of mothers and fathers of young children in New York and Texas were assessed for both partner physical aggression and physical child abuse. Overall, both minor and severe physical aggression against a partner were associated with an increased likelihood of physical child abuse. However, even for severe aggression in these randomly drawn community samples, the likelihood of child abuse given partner abuse was less than 25%. These rates were significantly lower than those in battered women samples. Our findings have clinical and policy implications for professionals charged with determining child safety in custody and parenting time matters.
Human activity shapes the wintering ecology of a migratory bird
Authors: Van Doren Benjamin M. , Conway Greg J. , Phillips Robbie J. , Evans Glynne C. , Roberts Graham C. M. , Liedvogel Miriam , Sheldon Ben C.
Published: April 2021

Human behavior profoundly affects the natural world. Migratory birds are particularly susceptible to adverse effects of human activities because the global networks of ecosystems on which birds rely are undergoing rapid change. In spite of these challenges, the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) is a thriving migratory species. Its recent establishment of high‐latitude wintering areas in Britain and Ireland has been linked to climate change and backyard bird feeding, exemplifying the interaction between human activity and migrant ecology. To understand how anthropogenic influences shape avian movements and ecology, we marked 623 wintering blackcaps at 59 sites across Britain and Ireland and compiled a dataset of 9929 encounters. We investigated visitation behavior at garden feeding sites, inter‐annual site fidelity, and movements within and across seasons. We analyzed migration tracks from 25 geolocators fitted to a subset of individuals to understand how garden behavior may impact subsequent migration and breeding. We found that blackcaps wintering in Britain and Ireland showed high site fidelity and low transience among wintering sites, in contrast to the itinerant movements characteristic of blackcaps wintering in their traditional winter range. First‐winter birds showed lower site fidelity and a greater likelihood of transience than adults. Adults that frequented gardens had better body condition, smaller fat stores, longer bills, and rounder wingtips. However, blackcaps did not exclusively feed in gardens; visits were linked to harsher weather. Individuals generally stayed at garden sites until immediately before spring departure. Our results suggest that supplementary feeding is modifying blackcap winter ecology and driving morphological evolution. Supplemental feeding may have multifaceted benefits on winter survival, and these positive effects may carry over to migration and subsequent breeding. Overall, the high individual variability in blackcap movement and foraging ecology, and the flexibility it imparts, may have allowed this species to flourish during rapid environmental change.
Clergy, capital, and gender inequality: An assessment of how social and spiritual capital are denied to women priests in the Church of England
Authors: Fry A. D. J.
Published: April 2021

Although the Church of England (CofE) agreed to admit women to its most senior ordained offices as bishops in 2014, they are still not afforded the same opportunities for professional progression as men. This article identifies and explores factors that contribute to such inequality. It draws on semistructured interviews with 41 male priests from theologically conservative traditions within the CofE, interpreting the data with a thematic narrative analysis. Utilizing literature from social and spiritual capital, this article establishes that these forms of capital are necessary for informing the habitus required for obtaining senior positions in the CofE before arguing that such resources are frequently denied to women by those interviewed. The analysis develops understanding of spiritual capital and institutional work, demonstrating that the former functions in a manner akin to cultural capital within religious institutions and that the latter is not always purposive in its capacity for effecting institutional change. It also articulates the theory of irresolute equality reform to describe the way in which different institutional goals can limit their ability for equality reform. The article then outlines changes that could be made in clergy training and in the selection procedures for senior appointments to address gender inequality within the CofE.
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a referral center in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Ting‐Jung , Yeh Hsu‐Hang , Lee Chih‐Hung , Liu Kwei‐Lan
Published: April 2021

Background

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are potentially fatal adverse drug reactions. The characteristics of these diseases are changing with the use of novel drugs, posing new challenges to doctors. We aimed to review recent SJS/TEN cases in order to assist general practitioners with timely diagnosis and correct management.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of SJS/TEN patients in a referral center in Taiwan from 2009 to 2019. We included 24 patients' charts and analyzed demographic data, medication histories, clinical courses, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, and long‐term complications.

Results

The average age was 63.4 years, and the average toxic epidermal necrolysis‐specific severity of illness score was 1.9. The most common culprit drug was carbamazepine (33.3%), followed by antibiotics (12.5%) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (8.3%). Two cases were caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, and one of them had a long latency of 210 days. Three out of the four patients carrying HLA‐B*15:02 had carbamazepine‐induced SJS/TEN. All patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids in the acute stage of the diseases. The length of in‐hospital stay did not correlate with the average daily dose of corticosteroids. The overall mortality rate was 4.2%, and the disease‐specific mortality rate was 0%.

Conclusions

The most common culprit drug was carbamazepine, which had strong association with HLA‐B*15:02. There was no statistically significant correlation between in‐hospital stay and the average daily dose of corticosteroids. Immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related SJS/TEN may have an extended latent period.
Open Dialogue, need‐adapted mental health care, and implementation fidelity: A discussion paper
Authors: Waters Edward , Ong Benjamin , Mikes‐Liu Kristof , McCloughen Andrea , Rosen Alan , Mayers Steven , Sidis Anna , Dawson Lisa , Buus Niels
Published: April 2021

Open Dialogue is a need‐adapted approach to mental health care that was originally developed in Finland. Like other need‐adapted approaches, Open Dialogue aims to meet consumer’s needs and promote collaborative person‐centred dialogue to support recovery. Need‐adapted mental health care is distinguished by flexibility and responsiveness. Fidelity, defined from an implementation science perspective as the delivery of distinctive interventions in a high quality and effective fashion is a key consideration in health care. However, flexibility presents challenges for evaluating fidelity, which is much easier to evaluate when manualization and reproducible processes are possible. Hence, it remains unclear whether Open Dialogue and other need‐adapted mental health interventions can be meaningfully evaluated for fidelity. The aim of this paper was to critically appraise and advance the evaluation of fidelity in need‐adapted mental health care, using Open Dialogue as a case study. The paper opens a discussion about how fidelity should be evaluated in flexible, complex interventions, and identifies key questions that need to be asked by practitioners working in need‐adapted mental health care to ensure they deliver these interventions as intended and in an evidence‐based fashion.
Competing product service in an OEM supply chain with upstream module suppliers as service providers
Authors: Liu Liping , Zhao Lindu , Lee Chulung
Published: April 2021

Modular production brings new opportunities for service provisions. We examine a supply chain consisting of two competing module suppliers and a common manufacturer, in which the manufacturer sources two differentiated modules from two suppliers and then produces two competing products for consumers. A delegation relationship is applied to explore the possibility of the module services offered by the suppliers. When the service commission fees are fixed, there exist optimal commission fees to maximize the manufacturer's profit. Service commission fees, service efficiencies, service sensitivity, and market types greatly affect the service levels, prices, and profitability of each member in the supply chain. The manufacturer should strategically adopt differentiated pricing strategies and service provisions from two suppliers rather than the best service abilities of the suppliers. In the service‐level sensitivity market, the improved service levels are more attractive to consumers so that the manufacturer will charge high prices by investing more in services. Product services with “high quality, high price” are more suitable for high‐end consumers. We also consider the variable service commission fees and find that there are still some robust results except that the effects of the service incentives and the commission fees will be enlarged.
Phase equilibrium studies in V2O5‐Fe2O3 and V2O5‐TiO2 systems
Authors: Feng Desheng , Li Ming , Yee Sze Long , Jiang Yang , Chen Mao , Peng Yi , Ma Xiaodong
Published: April 2021

V2O5‐Fe2O3 and V2O5‐TiO2 systems represent two important chemical systems with various applications, including energy, catalysts, and high‐performance materials. In the present study, high‐temperature phase equilibrium experiments were conducted at the temperature range of 670–1000°C in air. Electron probe X‐ray micro‐analyzer (EPMA) was used to analyze the microstructure and composition of the phases presented in quenched samples. Systematic experiments demonstrated that V2O5‐containing systems should not be quenched by water‐based quenching media. Phase diagrams in both systems were constructed, and the eutectic and peritectic points of the systems were confirmed and compared with previous studies. The present study improved the previous results and could be used as the base for thermodynamic modelings and further applications of the two systems.
Pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation patients guided by a novel local impedance algorithm: 1‐year outcome from the CHARISMA study
Authors: Solimene Francesco , Giannotti Santoro Mario , De Simone Antonio , Malacrida Maurizio , Stabile Giuseppe , Pandozi Claudio , Pelargonio Gemma , Cauti Filippo Maria , Scaglione Marco , Pecora Domenico , Bongiorni Maria Grazia , Arestia Alberto , Grimaldi Gabriella , Russo Maurizio , Narducci Maria Lucia , Segreti Luca
Published: April 2021

Background

Highly localized impedance (LI) measurements during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation have recently emerged as a viable real‐time indicator of tissue characteristics and durability of the lesions created. We report the outcomes of acute and long‐term clinical evaluation of the new DirectSense algorithm in AF ablation.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation were included in the CHARISMA registry. RF delivery was guided by the DirectSense algorithm, which records the magnitude and time‐course of the impedance drop. The ablation endpoint was pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), as assessed by the entrance and exit block.

Results

3556 point‐by‐point first‐pass RF applications of >10 s duration were analyzed in 153 patients (mean age=59 ± 10 years, 70% men, 61% paroxysmal AF, 39% persistent AF). The mean baseline LI was 105 ± 15 Ω before ablation and 92 ± 12 Ω after ablation (p < .0001). Both absolute drops in LI and the time to LI drop (LI drop/τ) were greater at successful ablation sites (n = 3122, 88%) than at ineffective ablation sites (n = 434, 12%) (14 ± 8 Ω vs 6 ± 4 Ω, p < .0001 for LI; 0.73 [0.41–1.25] Ω/s vs. 0.35[0.22–0.59 Ω/s, p < .0001 for LI drop/τ). No major complications occurred during or after the procedures. All PVs had been successfully isolated. During a mean follow‐up of 366 ± 130 days, 18 patients (11.8%) suffered an AF/atrial tachycardia recurrence after the 90‐day blanking period.

Conclusion

The magnitude and time‐course of the LI drop during RF delivery were associated with effective lesion formation. This ablation strategy for PVI guided by LI technology proved safe and effective and resulted in a very low rate of AF recurrence over 1‐year follow‐up.
General practitioners maintain a focus on blood pressure management rather than absolute cardiovascular disease risk management
Authors: Chapman Niamh , McWhirter Rebekah E. , Jose Kim A. , Schultz Martin G. , Ezzy Douglas , Nelson Mark R. , Sharman James E.
Published: April 2021

Background

Absolute cardiovascular disease (aCVD) risk assessment is recommended in CVD prevention guidelines. Yet, General Practitioners (GPs) often focus on single risk factors, including blood pressure (BP). Pathology services may be suitable to undertake high‐quality automated unobserved BP (AOBP) measurement and aCVD risk assessment. This study explored GP attitudes towards AOBP measurement via pathology services and the role of BP in aCVD risk management.

Methods

A brief survey was completed, after which a focus group (n = 8 GPs) and interviews (n = 10 GPs) explored attitudes to AOBP and aCVD risk via pathology services with an example pathology report discussed. Verbatim transcripts were thematically coded.

Results

GPs predominantly used doctor‐measured BP despite low levels of confidence. High BP measured by AOBP reported with aCVD risk via pathology services, would prompt a follow‐up response. However, GPs focused on BP management. GPs were concerned about AOBP equivalency to routine BP measurements. After protocol explanation, GPs reported AOBP could value‐add to care delivery.

Conclusion

GPs lacked familiarity of AOBP and maintained a focus on BP management in the context of absolute CVD risk. Targeted education on AOBP and BP management as part of absolute CVD risk is needed to support guideline‐directed care in practice.
New institutional investors in the IPO secondary market: Sentiment or fundamentals?
Authors: Fu Xudong , Hamilton Janet , Lian Qin , Tang Tian , Wang Qiming
Published: April 2021

We investigate new institutional investors that do not receive initial public offering (IPO) allocations but invest in the newly public firms after IPOs. We find that many institutions buy the stocks of IPO firms in the post‐IPO secondary market over time. In contrast to retail investors who chase hot IPOs, these new institutions invest in IPO firms with lower valuations at offerings and better fundamentals. These results suggest that new institutional investors' post‐IPO investment decisions are driven by publicly available information on firm fundamentals instead of investor sentiment. Long‐term performance tests confirm that this trading strategy helps institutions identify better quality IPOs.
How a Catastrophe Found the Past Hurricane Floyd and the Rise of Historical Consciousness in Princeville, North Carolina
Authors: Adkins Calvin , Prskalo Ena , Kroll‐Smith Steve
Published: April 2021

History has no voice. It requires those who care enough about the past to put it into words. But to narrate the past, we must be conscious of it. This paper is an inquiry into how a small town in North Carolina found its unique history in the wake of a catastrophic hurricane. In 1885, Princeville, North Carolina became the oldest town in America charted by free Blacks. In spite of its historical significance, over time the town's storied past was silenced. By the latter half of the 20th century, the unique place of Princeville in African‐American history, indeed in United States history, was known to only a few elderly people; and they did not talk about it. The reasons a muted past begins to matter are themselves rooted in history. In 1999 Princeville was flooded by the deluge that was Hurricane Floyd. In the midst of mayhem this wordless past found a voice. In this paper we explore how a massive storm created space for the emergence of an historical consciousness among the town's residents. We also look at how the people of Princeville are leveraging their new found past to secure a safer, more predictable future.
The Indigenization of American Sociology in Japan: The Contribution of Kazuko Tsurumi
Authors: Yazawa Shujiro
Published: April 2021

This paper is an investigation of attempts at endogenization and indigenization in the history of sociology in Japan. The author begins by presenting a short history of Japanese sociology. While the issues of endogenization and indigenization had been raised in the 1910s, imperialism and the militarization of the Emperor state and society blocked this form of development. Japanese social sciences have thus mainly followed the model of Western social sciences. The issue of indigenization gained attention after World War II and especially after the late 1960s, which was a time of reflection on the extreme influence of American sociology. In this context, this paper investigates the development of Kazuko Tsurumi’s sociology, which is one of the best examples of work that deals with the issue of indigenization. Tsurumi analyzes social change from pre‐World War II to post‐World War II Japan by drawing on sociological functionalism. However, Tsurumi suggests that Kunio Yanagita’s theory of folklore and ethnology provides a stronger explanatory framework than functionalism, and contends that Kumagusu Minaka has developed an approach rooted in East Asia. Tsurumi advances this indigenous development theory based on the work of Yanagita and Minakata, and at the same time internationalizes this theory. This paper concludes that Tsurumi’s theory is an important medium between Western sociology and Eastern sociology.
Longitudinal assessment of a Dental and Medical Student Service program in Appalachia: Successes and lessons learned
Authors: Vestal April , Panagakos Fotinos , Haggerty Treah , Sheppard Ashley Brianna
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Recruiting/retaining healthcare professionals within rural and underserved communities in the United States remains a challenge. The West Virginia University Institute for Community and Rural Health implemented a service scholarship program in 2011 to address a lack of dental and primary care.

Methods

Dental and medical students commit to practice 12‐months full time following graduation in a Health Profession Shortage Area (HPSA) or Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) in West Virginia for each $25,000 received.

Results

Since inception of the program, 20 of 23 (87 percent) dental recipients had completed their service commitment, 17 (85 percent) are still practicing in WV, and 3 (13 percent) are fulfilling their commitment. Four of 20 medical recipients have repaid (2) or fulfilled (2) program commitments and 16 are completing commitments or deferred during training. Retention rate is 82 percent for both dental and medical professionals following program completion.

Conclusions

Service scholarships effectively engage students to provide care in rural/underserved areas and remain there after program completion.
Agreement of blood glucose measured with glucose meter in arterial, central venous, and capillary samples in adult critically ill patients
Authors: Rodriguez‐Delgado Esther , García del Moral Raimundo , Cobos‐Vargas Angel , Martín‐López Javier , Colmenero Manuel
Published: April 2021

Background

The measurement of blood glucose in critically ill patients is still performed in many ICUs with glucose meters and capillary samples. Several prevalent factors in these patients affect the accuracy of the results and should be interpreted with caution. A weak recommendation from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) suggests the use of arterial blood rather than capillary blood for point of care testing using glucose meters.

Aims and objectives

To analyse the agreement between arterial, central venous, and capillary blood samples of glucose values measured by glucose meter in critically ill patients and study potential confounding factors.

Design

Prospective cross‐sectional study in a general intensive care unit (ICU). Patients needing insulin treatment (subcutaneous or intravenous) and blood glucose control were included.

Methods

Standardized collection of blood samples and measurement of glucose values with a glucometer. Agreement was studied by the Bland–Altman method and stratified analysis of disagreement‐survival plots was used to study the influence of haematocrit, pH range, SOFA score, capillary refilling time, intravenous insulin infusion, and lactic acid.

Results

A total of 297 measurements from 54 patients were included. The mean arterial blood glucose was 150.42 (range 31–345 mg/dL). In the graphical analysis, there is a poor agreement both in capillary and venous central to arterial samples, but in opposite direction (underestimation of capillary and overestimation of central venous). Factors associated with a reduction in the agreement between arterial and capillary samples were elevated lactate, poor capillary refilling, and hemodynamic failure. Patients without hemodynamic compromise have an acceptable agreement with values for absolute differences of 16 mg/dL for a disagreement of 10%.

Conclusions

In critically ill patients, the measurement of blood glucose with a glucose meter should be performed with arterial samples whenever possible. Capillary samples do not accurately estimate arterial blood glucose values in patients with shock and/or vasoactive drugs and underestimate the values in the range of hypoglycemia. Venous samples are subject to error because of potential contamination.

Relevance to clinical practice

This study adds support to the recommendation of using arterial blood rather than capillary or venous blood when using glucose meters in critically ill patients, especially in those with hemodynamic failure.
Scilla viridis (Asparagaceae): a century of misinterpretation
Authors: Patil Sameer , Singh Sushil Kumar
Published: April 2021

Scilla viridis Blatt. & Hallb. has for a long time been treated as an unresolved name based on a single ill‐preserved specimen collected near Khandala, Pune, India, but here we show that it is a synonym of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop. A second‐step lectotype is designated for Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop and a lectotype of Drimia coromandeliana (Roxb.) Lekhak & P.B. Yadav is rectified for errors.
Ampelocalamus sinovietnamensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from the border of China and Vietnam
Authors: Tong Yi‐Hua , Xu Zhen‐Guo , Ni Jing‐Bo , Zeng Si‐Jin , Xia Nian‐He
Published: April 2021

Molecular phylogeny based on complete plastid genomes indicates that a previously unknown but locally common bamboo from limestone areas near the border of China and Vietnam is a member of a strongly supported monophyletic Ampelocalamus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Hence, Ampelocalamus sinovietnamensis sp. nov. is described. It is similar to A. actinotrichus in having culm leaf sheaths with long oral setae and relatively large foliage leaf blades that are up to 4 cm wide, but is easily distinguished from the latter by its mid‐culm branch complement with one central dominant branch elongating to reiterate the culm and one to three lateral slender branches, ovate‐elliptic culm buds, glabrous culm internodes, culm leaves with densely strigose and brown papillate‐hirsute sheaths that are much longer than the internodes and shortly ciliolate inner ligules with 0.2–0.3 mm long ciliae, and foliage leaves with glabrous blades, more or less strigose sheaths and shortly ciliolate inner ligules with ca 0.1 mm long ciliae.
Amanita parvirufobrunnescens (Agaricales: Amanitaceae), a new species in A. sect. Amidella from India
Authors: Kumar Anil , Sharma Yash Pal , Verma Komal , Mehmood Tahir
Published: April 2021

Amanita parvirufobrunnescens, a new species of Amanita sect. Amidella is described here based on morphological and molecular evidence. This new species is recognized by its small sized basidiomata, snow‐white pileus covered by light grey to grey to brownish volval remnants on the pileus, context turning brownish to reddish‐brown on cutting or bruising, ellipsoid to elongated basidiospores measuring 10.0–17.0 × 6.0–10.0 μm and its occurrence in coniferous forests dominated by Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana. Morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU) data support that the present species differs from other members of A. sect. Amidella. Description, discussion, drawings, photographs and a phylogenetic framework for the new species are given.
Toxicity and biochemical effects of emamectin benzoate against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) alone and in combination with some conventional insecticides
Authors: Taleh Mohsen , Rafiee Dastjerdi Hooshang , Naseri Bahram , Ebadollahi Asgar , Sheikhi Garjan Aziz , Talebi Jahromi Khalil
Published: April 2021

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is one of the serious insect pests in tomato and potato farms. Along with acute toxicity, effects of emamectin benzoate alone and mixed with some conventional insecticides on esterase enzymes and the protein content of T. absoluta second‐instar larvae were assessed in the current study. After 72 h exposure time, emamectin benzoate had the most toxicity (LC50 = 0.52 mg a.i. L−1), followed by azadirachtin (LC50 = 5.19 mg a.i. L−1), indoxacarb (LC50 = 7.13 mg a.i. L−1), imidocloprid (LC50 = 44.63 mg a.i. L−1), thiacloprid (LC50 = 293.92 mg a.i. L−1) and lambda‐cyhalothrin (LC50 = 610.08 mg a.i. L−1). Although emamectin benzoate mixed with either azadirachtin or indoxacarb at LC15: LC15 (Lethal Concentration to kill 15% tested insects) ratio had synergistic effects, its combination with imidacloprid or thiacloprid showed additive interactions. However, emamectin benzoate mixed with imidacloprid at both LC25: LC25 and LC50: LC50 ratios showed synergistic effects. Lambda‐cyhalothrin mixed with emamectin benzoate showed an antagonistic interaction in all tested ratios. α‐esterase activity of larvae increased when emamectin benzoate was mixed with thiacloprid in comparison with emamectin benzoate alone and the control. Combinations of emamectin benzoate with either azadirachtin or indoxacarb significantly reduced the total protein content of larvae. Generally, it can be concluded that the combination of emamectin benzoate with either azadirachtin, indoxacarb, or imidacloprid resulted in more negative impacts against T. absoluta larvae.
Roles and mechanisms of phospholipid transfer protein in the development of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Mei‐Hua , Chen Wei , Zhang Ji‐Guo , Qin Shu‐Cun
Published: April 2021

Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a complex glycosylated protein that mediates the transfer of phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol, diacylglycerides, specific apolipoproteins, and tocopherols between different classes of lipoproteins as well as between lipoproteins and cells. Many studies have associated PLTP with a variety of lipid metabolic diseases. However, recent studies have indicated that PLTP is highly expressed in the brain of vertebrate and may be related to many central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Here, we review the data and report the role and mechanisms PLTP in Alzheimer's disease.
Facilitating and motivating support: How support‐seekers can affect the support they receive in times of distress
Authors: Forest Amanda L. , Walsh Rebecca M. , Krueger Kori L.
Published: April 2021

When people seek support in times of distress, receiving high‐quality support is critical to personal and relational well‐being. A rich body of work has examined support processes, but the role that support‐seekers play in eliciting support has received surprisingly limited attention. Yet, theory and research indicate that seekers’ behavior prior to and during support transactions shapes the support they receive. In the present paper, we summarize the literature on support‐seeking, describing how particular behaviors that seekers enact (deliberately or incidentally) affect their support receipt. We describe how each behavior facilitates (or hinders) providers’ ability to provide effective support and/or motivates (or demotivates) providers’ support provision efforts, and we consider why some people fail to enact certain support‐eliciting behaviors. Finally, we discuss the implications of our facilitate and motivate approach and identify important directions for future research. This work represents a promising springboard for examining a surprisingly underappreciated perspective in support transactions.
Organizational structures and processes in nurse-led, evidence-based practice projects that lead to measurable outcomes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carroll Karen , Murphy Peggy , Romano Eileen , Uremovich Inga
Published: April 2021

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to describe health care organizational structures and processes that support implementation of nurse-led, evidence-based practice projects resulting in improvements in outcome measures.

Introduction:

Many health care organizations claim to support evidence-based practice methodology; however, a gap exists between knowledge generation and its use in routine clinical practice. This scoping review protocol will examine the status of organizational factors impacting implementation of evidence-based practices and reported outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will consider all literature that includes descriptions of health care organizations’ structures or support of evidence-based nursing programs or efforts that include outcomes. Health care organizations are defined as primary/secondary/tertiary, public/private, for profit/non-profit hospitals, medical centers, or multi-hospital systems. Literature will be excluded if the evidence-based practice project does not report the organizational structures that supported the implementation for the project. In addition, literature will be excluded if the program is not inclusive of nursing.

Methods:

Literature published in English from 1992 to present will be included. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase. The search for unpublished evidence and gray literature will include ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, ANCC Magnet conferences, and government publications. Retrieval of full-text studies and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. The extracted data will be presented in a tabular format with accompanying narrative summary.
Evidence on definitions, concepts, outcome instruments, and interventions for chronic fatigue in spinal cord injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hoogenes Bob , Querée Matthew , Miller William C. , Mortenson W. Ben , Townson Andrea , Eng Janice J.
Published: April 2021

Objective:

The objective of this review is to review the existing evidence on definitions, concepts, measurement instruments, and interventions for chronic fatigue in spinal cord injury.

Introduction:

Chronic fatigue in people with spinal cord injury is an under-studied issue that affects between 25% and 56.6% of people with spinal cord injury. There are questions about how it is defined and managed due to its complex, multifactorial nature and relationship with related conditions. No overview of chronic fatigue in spinal cord injury exists and we are in need of a shared definition of chronic fatigue, as well as a comprehensive review of concepts and evidence supporting outcome instruments and interventions.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include empirical and non-empirical studies that focus on definitions, concepts, measurement instruments, and interventions for chronic fatigue in spinal cord injury. Studies that focus on peripheral muscle fatigue will only be included if they include chronic fatigue as a secondary outcome.

Methods:

This review will be done in three phases. Phase I will provide an overview of definitions of chronic fatigue in spinal cord injury and will include a qualitative analysis of concept attributes and characteristics. Phase II will focus on factors related to chronic fatigue and measurement instruments used to measure chronic fatigue, and phase III will focus on interventions. Full texts will be screened by two independent reviewers against inclusion criteria. Results will be presented in tabular form with a narrative summary.
Transfer Learning for Detection of Combustion Instability Via Symbolic Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya Chandrachur , Ray Asok
Published: April 2021

Transfer learning (TL) is a machine learning (ML) tool where the knowledge, acquired from a source domain, is “transferred” to perform a task in a target domain that has (to some extent) a similar setting. The underlying concept does not require the ML method to analyze a new problem from the beginning, and thereby both the learning time and the amount of required target-domain data are reduced for training. An example is the occurrence of thermoacoustic instability (TAI) in combustors, which may cause pressure oscillations, possibly leading to flame extinction as well as undesirable vibrations in the mechanical structures. In this situation, it is difficult to collect useful data from industrial combustion systems, due to the transient nature of TAI phenomena. A feasible solution is the usage of prototypes or emulators, like a Rijke tube, to produce largely similar phenomena. This paper proposes symbolic time-series analysis (STSA)-based TL, where the key idea is to develop a capability of discrimination between stable and unstable operations of a combustor, based on the time-series of pressure oscillations from a data source that contains sufficient information, even if it is not the target regime, and then transfer the learnt models to the target regime. The proposed STSA-based pattern classifier is trained on a previously validated numerical model of a Rijke-tube apparatus. The knowledge of this trained classifier is transferred to classify similar operational regimes in: (i) an experimental Rijke-tube apparatus and (ii) an experimental combustion system apparatus. Results of the proposed TL have been validated by comparison with those of two shallow neural networks (NNs)-based TL and another NN having an additional long short-term memory (LSTM) layer, which serve as benchmarks, in terms of classification accuracy and computational complexity.