bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Four-Stage Method for Active Control with Online Feedback Path Modelling Using Control Signal
Authors: Pradhan Somanath , Qiu Xiaojun , Ji Jinchen
Published: July 2019

The presence of control signal feedback to the reference microphone in feedforward active control systems deteriorates the control performance. A four-stage method is proposed in this paper to carry out online feedback path modelling with the control signal. It consists of controller initialization, feedback path modelling using decorrelation filters, active control operation, and feedback path change detection for maintaining the control operation. In contrast to the existing auxiliary noise injection method, the proposed method uses five switches and three thresholds to control and maintain the system stability by avoiding the interference between control operation and feedback path modelling, and adaptive decorrelation filters are used to increase the feedback path modelling performance. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method is capable of tracking feedback path changes without injecting any auxiliary noise and maintaining the noise reduction performance and stability of the system.
Metaheuristic Approaches to Solve a Complex Aircraft Performance Optimization Problem
Authors: Dong Guirong , Wang Xiaozhe , Liu Dianzi
Published: July 2019

The increasing demands for travelling comfort and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions have been considered substantially in the stage of conceptual aircraft design. However, the design of a modern aircraft is a multidisciplinary process, which requires the coordination of information from several specific disciplines, such as structures, aerodynamics, control, etc. To address this problem with adequate accuracy, the multidisciplinary analysis and optimization (MAO) method is usually applied as a systematic and robust approach to solve such complex design issues arising from industries. Since MAO method is tedious and computationally expensive, genetic programming (GP)-based metamodeling techniques incorporating MAO are proposed as an effective approach to minimize the wing stiffness of a large aircraft subject to aerodynamic, aeroelastic and stability constraints in the conceptual design phase. Based on the linear small-disturbance theory, the state-space equation is employed for stability analysis. In the process of multidisciplinary analysis, aeroelastic response simulations are performed using Nastran. To construct metamodels representing the responses of the interests with high accuracy as well as less computational burden, optimal Latin hypercube design of experiments (DoE) is applied to determine the optimized distribution of sampling points. Following that, parametric optimization is carried out on metamodels to obtain the optimal wing geometry shape, elastic axis positions and stiffness distribution, and then the solution is verified by finite element simulations. Finally, the superiority of the GP-based metamodel technique over genetic algorithm is demonstrated by multidisciplinary design optimization of a representative beam-frame wing structure in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The results also show that GP metamodel-based strategy for solving MAO problems can provide valuable insights to tailoring parameters for the effective design of a large aircraft in the conceptual phase.
An Intelligent Event-Sentiment-Based Daily Foreign Exchange Rate Forecasting System
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Durrani Mehr Yahya , Afzal Sitara , Maqsood Muazzam , Aadil Farhan , Mehmood Irfan , Rho Seungmin
Published: July 2019

Financial time series analysis is an important research area that can predict various economic indicators such as the foreign currency exchange rate. In this paper, a deep-learning-based model is proposed to forecast the foreign exchange rate. Since the currency market is volatile and susceptible to ongoing social and political events, the proposed model incorporates event sentiments to accurately predict the exchange rate. Moreover, as the currency market is heavily dependent upon highly volatile factors such as gold and crude oil prices, we considered these sensitive factors for exchange rate forecasting. The validity of the model is tested over three currency exchange rates, which are Pak Rupee to US dollar (PKR/USD), British pound sterling to US dollar (GBP/USD), and Hong Kong Dollar to US dollar (HKD/USD). The study also shows the importance of incorporating investor sentiment of local and foreign macro-level events for accurate forecasting of the exchange rate. We processed approximately 5.9 million tweets to extract major events’ sentiment. The results show that this deep-learning-based model is a better predictor of foreign currency exchange rate in comparison with statistical techniques normally employed for prediction. The results present evidence that the exchange rate of all the three countries is more exposed to events happening in the US.
Reactive Grinding Synthesis of LaBO3 (B: Mn, Fe) Perovskite; Properties for Toluene Total Oxidation
Authors: Heidinger Bertrand , Royer Sébastien , Alamdari Houshang , Giraudon Jean-Marc , Lamonier Jean-François
Published: July 2019

LaBO3 (B: Mn, Fe) perovskites were synthesized using a three-step reactive grinding process followed by a calcination at 400 °C for 3 h. The three successive steps are: (i) solid state synthesis (SSR); (ii) high-energy ball milling (HEBM); (iii) low-energy ball milling (LEBM) in wet conditions. The impact of each step of the synthesis on the material characteristics was deeply investigated using physico-chemical techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2-physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) and the catalytic performances of the synthesized materials were evaluated for the toluene total oxidation reaction. Starting from single oxides, microcrystalline perovskite phase, exhibiting negligible surface areas, is obtained after the SSR step. The HEBM step leads to a drastic reduction of the mean crystal size down to ~20 nm, along with formation of dense aggregates. Due to this strong aggregation, surface area remains low, typically below 4 m2·g−1. In contrast, the second grinding step, namely LEBM, allows particle deagglomeration resulting in increasing the surface area up to 18.8 m2·g−1 for LaFeO3. Regardless of the perovskite composition, the performance toward toluene oxidation reaction increases at each step of the process: SSR < HEBM < LEBM.
Microarray Approach Combined with ddPCR: An Useful Pipeline for the Detection and Quantification of Circulating Tumour DNA Mutations
Authors: Galbiati Silvia , Damin Francesco , Ferraro Lucia , Soriani Nadia , Burgio Valentina , Ronzoni Monica , Gianni Luca , Ferrari Maurizio , Chiari Marcella
Published: July 2019

It has now been established that in biological fluids such as blood, it is possible to detect cancer causing genomic alterations by analysing circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Information derived from ctDNA offers a unique opportunity to enrich our understanding of cancer biology, tumour evolution and therapeutic efficacy and resistance. Here, we propose a workflow to identify targeted mutations by a customized microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of single point mutations in different oncogenes (KRAS, NRAS and BRAF) followed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to determine the fractional abundance of the mutated allele. Genetic variants were determined in the plasma of 20 metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients previously genotyped on tissue biopsy at the diagnosis for medication planning (T0) and following the tumour genetic evolution during treatment phase (T1 and T2) with the objective of allowing therapy response prediction and monitoring. Our preliminary results show that this combined approach is suitable for routine clinical practice. The microarray platform enables for a rapid, specific and sensitive detection of the most common mutations suitable for high-throughput analysis without costly instrumentation while, the ddPCR, consents an absolute quantification of the mutated allele in a longitudinal observational study on patients undergoing targeted therapy.
Application of Photocatalytic Falling Film Reactor to Elucidate the Degradation Pathways of Pharmaceutical Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hama Aziz Kosar Hikmat , Omer Khalid M. , Mahyar Ali , Miessner Hans , Mueller Siegfried , Moeller Detlev
Published: July 2019

Diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) are common pharmaceutical residues that have been detected in the aquatic system. Their presence in the aquatic environment has become an emerging contaminant problem, which has implications for public health. The degradation pathway and identification of transformation products of pharmaceutical residues are crucial to elucidate the environmental fate of photocatalytic decomposition of these pollutants in aqueous media. The degradation process might lead to creation of other possible emerging contaminates. In this study, the degradation of DCF and IBP in aqueous solutions was investigated. To this end, coated TiO2 on a Pilkington Active glass was used as a photocatalyst under UVA illumination, in a planar falling film reactor. Pilkington ActivTM glass was used as a photocatalyst and a falling liquid film generator. Degradation kinetics of both pharmaceuticals followed a pseudo-first-order model. The transformation products of both diclofenac and ibuprofen during the degradation process were detected and identified with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ion chromatography. The results showed that the mineralization rate of both pharmaceuticals through photocatalysis was very low. Low chain carboxylic acids, such as formic, acetic, oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids were the main by-products. A pathway of DCF and IBP degradation was proposed.
Synthesis and Applications of New Spin Crossover Compounds
Authors: Kitazawa Takafumi
Published: July 2019

The spin crossover (SCO) between multi-stable states in transition metal material is one of the attractive molecular switching phenomena which is responsive to various external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light, electromagnetic field, radiation, nuclear decay, soft-X-ray, guest molecule inclusion, chemical environments and so forth [...]
Exploring the Interplay Between Local and Regional Drivers of Distribution of a Subterranean Organism
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Aharon Shlomi , Seifan Merav , Lubin Yael , Gavish-Regev Efrat
Published: July 2019

Caves are excellent model systems to study the effects of abiotic factors on species distributions due to their selective conditions. Different ecological factors have been shown to affect species distribution depending on the scale of analysis, whether regional or local. The interplay between local and regional factors in explaining the spatial distribution of cave-dwelling organisms is poorly understood. Using the troglophilic subterranean spider Artema nephilit (Araneae: Pholcidae) as a model organism, we investigated whether similar environmental predictors drive the species distribution at these two spatial scales. At the local scale, we monitored the abundance of the spiders and measured relevant environmental features in 33 caves along the Jordan Rift Valley. We then extended the analysis to a regional scale, investigating the drivers of the distribution using species distribution models. We found that similar ecological factors determined the distribution at both local and regional scales for A. nephilit. At a local scale, the species was found to preferentially occupy the outermost, illuminated, and warmer sectors of caves. Similarly, mean annual temperature, annual temperature range, and solar radiation were the most important drivers of its regional distribution. By investigating these two spatial scales simultaneously, we showed that it was possible to achieve an in-depth understanding of the environmental conditions that governs subterranean species distribution.
Energy Efficient Communications for Reliable IoT Multicast 5G/Satellite Services
Authors: Chiti Francesco , Fantacci Romano , Pierucci Laura
Published: July 2019

Satellites can provide strong value-add and complementarity with the new cellular system of the fifth generation (5G) in cost-effective solutions for a massive number of users/devices/things. Due to the inherent broadcast nature of satellite communications, which assures access to remote areas and the support to a very large number of devices, satellite systems will gain a major role in the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) sector. In this vision, reliable multicast services via satellite can be provided to deliver the same content efficiently to multiple devices on the Earth, or for software updating to groups of cars in the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) context or for sending control messages to actuators/IoT embedded devices. The paper focuses on the Network coding (NC) techniques applied to a hybrid satellite/terrestrial network to support reliable multicast services. An energy optimization method is proposed based on joint adaptation of: (i) the repetition factor of data symbols on multiple subcarries of the transmitted orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal; and (ii) the mean number of needed coded packets according to the requirements of each group and to the physical satellite links conditions.
Knowledge and Attitude Toward Geriatric Palliative Care among Health Professionals in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Long Hoang , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Nguyen Thu , Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Nguyen Huong , Nguyen Anh , Pham Thang , Nguyen Cuong , Tran Bach , Latkin Carl , Ho Cyrus , Ho Roger
Published: July 2019

This study assessed the knowledge and attitude toward palliative care for the elderly among health professionals in a tertiary geriatric hospital in Vietnam and explored their determinants. Cross-sectional data were obtained on 161 geriatric health professionals at the National Geriatric Hospital. Modified-Palliative Care Knowledge Test and Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying instruments were used to measure knowledge and attitude toward geriatric palliative care. As a result, 40.5% physicians and 74.2% nurses showed insufficient knowledge about geriatric palliative care (p < 0.05). The lowest score was for dyspnea, following by gastrointestinal and pain problems. No significant difference was found regarding the attitude between physicians and nurses (p > 0.05). Health professional category, age, and years of experience were found to be associated with knowledge about palliative care. Meanwhile, only knowledge score had correlations with total attitude score (Coef. = 0.2; 95%CI = 0.1–0.3), attitude toward patients (Coef. = 0.1; 95%CI = 0.0–0.1) and toward patients’ family (Coef. = 0.1; 95%CI = 0.0–0.1). This study highlights a significant knowledge gap and preferable attitude toward palliative care for the elderly among physicians and nurses in the geriatric hospital. Intensive training about geriatric palliative care, focusing on pain, dyspnea and gastrointestinal issue management, should be performed to ensure the quality of palliative care services, especially in nurses.
Radiosensitivity Differences between EGFR Mutant and Wild-Type Lung Cancer Cells are Larger at Lower Doses
Authors: Anakura Mai , Nachankar Ankita , Kobayashi Daijiro , Amornwichet Napapat , Hirota Yuka , Shibata Atsushi , Oike Takahiro , Nakano Takashi
Published: July 2019

In the era of precision medicine, radiotherapy strategies should be determined based on genetic profiles that predict tumor radiosensitivity. Accordingly, pre-clinical research aimed at discovering clinically applicable genetic profiles is needed. However, how a given genetic profile affects cancer cell radiosensitivity is unclear. To address this issue, we performed a pilot in vitro study by utilizing EGFR mutational status as a model for genetic profile. Clonogenic assays of EGFR mutant (n = 6) and wild-type (n = 9) non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines were performed independently by two oncologists. Clonogenic survival parameters SF2, SF4, SF6, SF8, mean inactivation dose (MID), D10, D50, α, and β were obtained using the linear quadratic model. The differences in the clonogenic survival parameters between the EGFR mutant and wild-type cell lines were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test. As a result, for both datasets, the p values for SF2, SF4, D50, α, and α/β were below 0.05, and those for SF2 were lowest. These data indicate that a genetic profile of NSCLC cell lines might be predictive for their radiation response; i.e., EGFR mutant cell lines might be more sensitive to low dose- and low fraction sized-irradiation.
The Outcome of a Single-Incision Sling versus Trans-Obturator Sling in Overweight and Obese Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence at 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Lau Hui-Hsuan , Enkhtaivan Sugarmaa , Su Tsung-Hsien , Huang Wen-Chu
Published: July 2019

Background: Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for incontinence and has negative impacts on the surgical outcomes. Compared with trans-obturator sling (TOS), single incision sling (SIS) is a new generation of anti-incontinence surgery. However, the data on SIS in overweight and obese women remains limited. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the objective and subjective cure rate of overweight and obese women who underwent sling surgeries. Other evaluations included valid questionnaires to assess quality of life and 1-hour pad test to quantify urine leakage. Surgical characteristics and adverse events were also analyzed. Results: A total of 217 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up period of 37.3 months (range, 9–84 months). For overweight and obese patients, the objective and subjective cure rate were comparable (all p > 0.05). However, the SIS group had worse post-operative incontinence-related symptom distress (p < 0.001) and 1-hour pad test (p = 0.047). On the other hand, SIS had a shorter surgery time (p = 0.017) and lower pain score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared with TOS, SIS had non-significant cure rates in the overweight and obese women. SIS had worse urine leakage and incontinence symptoms, but less surgical and wound pain in obese women. Thorough pre-operative counseling is necessary.
Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study
Authors: Schwarck Svenja , Schmicker Marlen , Dordevic Milos , Rehfeld Kathrin , Müller Notger , Müller Patrick
Published: July 2019

Recent reviews have shown that acute exercise can improve cognitive functions, especially executive functions. However, a closer look at the included studies revealed a wide inter-individual variability in the effects of exercise on cognition. Therefore, thirty-nine healthy adults (age: 19–30 years) were analyzed in a randomized, controlled cross-over study with two exercise groups (n = 13 each) and a sedentary control group (n = 13). The exercise conditions included moderate (30 min at 40–59% VO2max) and high intensity interval (five × 2 min at 90% VO2max with 3 min active recovery at 40% VO2max) treadmill exercise. The main outcome assessed was cognitive performance (attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) and underlying inter-individual variability in young adults. On the group level no significant group or group × time interaction effects were observed. Using a median split, we found significant differences between low and high cognitive performers regarding cognitive function following moderate and high intensity interval treadmill exercise. Furthermore, using a pre-determined threshold we could identify responders and non-responders to acute exercise. Therefore, future research should consider individual performance requirements.
The Durability of an Organic–Inorganic Sol–Gel Interlayer in Al-GFRP-CFRP Laminates in a Saline Environment
Authors: Surowska Barbara , Ostapiuk Monika , Jakubczak Patryk , Droździel Magda
Published: July 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the selected properties of a hybrid organic–inorganic silane sol–gel coating (HSG) used in hybrid fiber metal laminates (FML) in a corrosion environment. The HSG coating on the aluminum alloy was produced using 3M™ AC130-2 formulation consisting of 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and tetra-n-propoxyzirconium (zirconium(IV) propoxide) (TPOZ). Laminates consisted of aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 sheets, with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) and a glass fiber reinforced metal–composite structure (GFRP). Potentiodynamic and polarization curve and impedance (EIS) tests were carried out on HSG at ambient temperatures after 1 h and 150 h of soaking. Neutral 0.5 M NaCl and 0.8 M NaCl solutions were used for open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic tests, and 0.5 NaCl was used for the EIS test. A neutral salt spray (NSS) test was applied to laminates with a 12 week exposure period. The results obtained revealed that the HSG coating did not provide sufficient protection against corrosion of the aluminum alloy in direct contact with an aggressive environment but was effective as an interlayer. Local aluminum sheet perforation did not lead to delamination at the metal–composite interface regardless of the type or configuration of the composite. This confirms the durability of HSG used in FMLs.
Repair of Block Masonry Panels with CFRP Sheets
Authors: Corradi Marco , Castori Giulio , Sisti Romina , Borri Antonio , Pesce Giovanni Luca
Published: July 2019

In the 1980s, block masonry started to be widely used for new constructions in Italy’s earthquake prone areas. However, recent seismic events demonstrated that block masonry buildings may need to be repaired after earthquakes due to cracking. Construction defects are the main cause for cracking of block work masonry. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets have been used as a local repair method for non-defective and defective wall panels. An experimental program was formulated to investigate the shear behavior of block masonry walls repaired with CFRP sheets. A total of six wall panels were constructed in the laboratory and tested in shear (in-plane lateral loading). It was found that, although the control (non-defective) wall panels had a high ultimate load capacity, the use of CFRPs reduces the effects of construction defects and restores the lateral load capacity in non-defective walls. Overall, this research suggests that the use of epoxy-bonded CFRP sheets could be used for local repair of cracked wall panels.
Synthesis, Composition, and Properties of Partially Oxidized Graphite Oxides
Authors: Lojka Michal , Lochman Boris , Jankovský Ondřej , Jiříčková Adéla , Sofer Zdeněk , Sedmidubský David
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to prepare and characterize partially-oxidized graphite oxide and consider if it is possible to affect the level of oxidation of particles by an adjustment of the oxidizing agent. Several samples were prepared, using different amounts of oxidizing agent. The samples were subsequently analyzed. The C/O ratio was evaluated from XPS, EDS, and EA. The amount and type of individual oxygen functionalities were characterized by XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The structure was studied by SEM and XRD. Thermal stability was investigated by STA-MS in argon atmosphere. The results can be useful in order to design simple technology for graphite oxide synthesis with required oxygen content.
Nanocarbon/Poly(Lactic) Acid for 3D Printing: Effect of Fillers Content on Electromagnetic and Thermal Properties
Authors: Spinelli Giovanni , Lamberti Patrizia , Tucci Vincenzo , Kotsilkova Rumiana , Ivanov Evgeni , Menseidov Dzhihan , Naddeo Carlo , Romano Vittorio , Guadagno Liberata , Adami Renata , Meisak Darya , Bychanok Dzmitry , Kuzhir Polina
Published: July 2019

Electromagnetic and thermal properties of a non-conventional polymer nanocomposite based on thermoplastic Polylactic acid (PLA, Ingeo™) filled, in different weight percentage, with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), as well as a mixture of both fillers (MWCNTs/GNPs), are analyzed. The combination of notable electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic (EM) properties of the carbon fillers, in concentrations above the percolation threshold, together with the good processability of the PLA matrix gives rise to innovative filaments for 3D printing. In particular, the shielding efficiency (SE) in the frequency range 26–37 GHz of samples increases from 0.20 dB of unfilled PLA up to 13.4 dB for composites containing MWCNTs and GNPs, corresponding to 4% and 95% of SE, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the PLA loaded with 12 wt % of GNPs is 263% higher than that of the unfilled polymer, whereas an improvement of about 99% and 190% is detected for the PLA matrix loaded with MWCNTs and both fillers, respectively. The EM and thermal characterization is combined with a morphological investigation allowing us to correlate the dispersion states of the fillers within the polymer matrix with the observed EM and thermal properties. The EM and thermal characteristics exhibited by the nanocomposites make them suitable for packaging applications of electronic devices with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thermal dissipation features.
Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy with a 915 Nm Wavelength Diode Laser on the Healing of Intraoral Mucosal Wound: An Animal Study and a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Choung Han-Wool , Lee Sung-Ho , Ham Ahe Reum , Lee Na Ra , Kim Bongju , Pang Kang-Mi , Jahng Jeong Won , Lee Jong-Ho
Published: July 2019

Background and objectives: Diode laser has been the most popular low-level laser therapy (LLLT) technique in dentistry due to its good tissue penetration, lower financial costs, small size for portable application, and convenience to use. A series of recent studies with 940 nm or 980 nm lasers demonstrated that LLLT showed positive effects after third molar extraction or periodontal flap surgery. However, the effects of LLLT on intraoral mucosal wound healing after surgical incision have not yet been determined in human clinical study. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed to determine the efficacy and safety of 915 nm wavelength low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in mucosal wound healing. A total of 108 Sprague–Dawley rats were used. They were divided into three groups: Abrasive wound group, immediate LLLT once group, and daily LLLT group. As a clinical study, a total of 16 patients with split-mouth design subjected to bilateral mandibular third molar extraction were allocated into the LLLT group and placebo group. The process of LLLT was performed on postoperative days 0, 1, and 7, and parameters related to wound healing were analyzed on days 1, 7, and 14. Results: Repeated laser irradiation promoted mucosal wound healing of the rats. In the clinical study, although there were no significant statistical differences between the LLLT and placebo groups in all inflammatory parameters, the early stage mucosal healing tendency of wound dehiscence was higher in the LLLT group than in the placebo group clinically on postoperative day 1. Conclusions: The present results showed that 915 nm LLLT could be applied safely as an auxiliary therapy for mucosal wound healing.
Failure-Analysis Based Redesign of Furnace Conveyor System Components: A Case Study
Authors: González-Ciordia Beatriz , Fernández Borja , Artola Garikoitz , Muro Maider , Sanz Ángel , López de Lacalle Luis Norberto
Published: July 2019

Any manufacturing equipment designed from scratch requires a detailed follow-up of the performance for the first units placed in service during the production ramp-up, so that lessons learned are immediately implemented in next deliveries and running equipment is accordingly updated. Component failure analysis is one of the most valuable sources of improvement among these lessons. In this context, a failure-assessment based design revision of the conveying system of a newly developed press hardening furnace is presented. The proposed method starts with a forensic metallurgical analysis of the failed components, followed by an investigation of the working conditions to ensure they match the forensic observations. The results of this approach evidenced an initially unforeseen thermo-mechanical damage produced by a combination of thermal distortions, material ageing, and mechanical fatigue. Once the cause–effect relationship for the failure is backed up by evidence, an improved design is proposed. As a conclusion, a new standard design for the furnace entrance set of rollers in hot stamping lines was established for roller hearth furnaces. The solution can be extended to similar applications, ensuring the same issues will not arise thanks to the lessons learned.
Microstructure of Low-Temperature Gas-Carbonitrided Layers on Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Kochmański Paweł , Baranowska Jolanta , Fryska Sebastian
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the results of microstructural examinations on gas carbonitrided layers using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wavelength dispersive spectrometry X-ray microanalysis (WDS), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction. The main objective of the work is to discuss the microstructural and morphological changes occurring in the layers depending on the process parameter such as temperature and atmosphere composition. The carbonitrided layers comprise two sublayers: an outer layer enriched in nitrogen and an inner layer enriched in carbon. It is found that both the microstructure and the thickness depend on the technological parameters of the thermochemical treatment. The treatment temperature is particularly important, increasing both the total and the nitrogen-rich sublayer thickness regardless of the atmosphere type. The nitrogen potential has a positive influence on the thickness of the nitrogen-stabilised S-phase sublayer. Layers treated for 5 h at temperatures of 400 and 450 °C are composed of an internal carbon-enriched S-phase sublayer and an outer nitrogen-enriched S-phase sublayer that can be divided into ferromagnetic and paramagnetic zones. In the outer sublayer, symmetry distortion of the fcc crystal system is observed and stacking faults may have occurred. With layers produced at 500 °C for 5 h, the outer nitrogen-enriched sublayer contains fine precipitates of nitrides and carbides.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Gas Flows in Microsystems
Authors: Colin Stéphane , Baldas Lucien
Published: July 2019

The last two decades have witnessed a rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) involving gas microflows in various technical fields [...]
New Insights to Adenovirus-Directed Innate Immunity in Respiratory Epithelial Cells
Authors: Carlin Cathleen R.
Published: July 2019

The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) family of transcription factors is a key component of the host innate immune response to infectious adenoviruses and adenovirus vectors. In this review, we will discuss a regulatory adenoviral protein encoded by early region 3 (E3) called E3-RIDα, which targets NFκB through subversion of novel host cell pathways. E3-RIDα down-regulates an EGF receptor signaling pathway, which overrides NFκB negative feedback control in the nucleus, and is induced by cell stress associated with viral infection and exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. E3-RIDα also modulates NFκB signaling downstream of the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor 4, through formation of membrane contact sites controlling cholesterol levels in endosomes. These innate immune evasion tactics have yielded unique perspectives regarding the potential physiological functions of host cell pathways with important roles in infectious disease.
Preparation of a Novel Lignin Nanosphere Adsorbent for Enhancing Adsorption of Lead
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Youming , Hou Yi
Published: July 2019

Carboxymethyl lignin nanospheres (CLNPs) were synthesized by a two-step method using microwave irradiation and antisolvent. The morphology and structure of CLNPs were characterized by 31P-NMR, FTIR, and SEM, and the results showed that they had an average diameter of 73.9 nm, a surface area of 8.63 m2 or 3.2 times larger than the original lignin, and abundant carboxyl functional groups of 1.8 mmol/g. The influence of dosage, pH, contact time, and concentration on the adsorption of metal ions onto CLNPs were analyzed, and the maximum adsorption capacity of CLNPs for Pb(II) was found to be 333.26 mg/g, which is significantly higher than other lignin-based adsorbents and conventional adsorbents. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms indicated that the adsorption of lead ions in water onto CLNPs followed the pseudo-second-order model based on monolayer chemisorption mechanism. The main chemical interaction between CLNPs and lead ions was chelation. CLNPs also showed an excellent recycling performance, with only 27.0% adsorption capacity loss after 10 consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry in Food Analysis: Principles, Current Applications and Future Trends
Authors: Hernández-Mesa Maykel , Ropartz David , García-Campaña Ana M. , Rogniaux Hélène , Dervilly-Pinel Gaud , Le Bizec Bruno
Published: July 2019

In the last decade, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has reemerged as an analytical separation technique, especially due to the commercialization of ion mobility mass spectrometers. Its applicability has been extended beyond classical applications such as the determination of chemical warfare agents and nowadays it is widely used for the characterization of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, glycans, lipids, etc.) and, more recently, of small molecules (e.g., metabolites, xenobiotics, etc.). Following this trend, the interest in this technique is growing among researchers from different fields including food science. Several advantages are attributed to IMS when integrated in traditional liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS) workflows: (1) it improves method selectivity by providing an additional separation dimension that allows the separation of isobaric and isomeric compounds; (2) it increases method sensitivity by isolating the compounds of interest from background noise; (3) and it provides complementary information to mass spectra and retention time, the so-called collision cross section (CCS), so compounds can be identified with more confidence, either in targeted or non-targeted approaches. In this context, the number of applications focused on food analysis has increased exponentially in the last few years. This review provides an overview of the current status of IMS technology and its applicability in different areas of food analysis (i.e., food composition, process control, authentication, adulteration and safety).
Erratum: Man, A., et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Six Essential Oils Against a Group of Human Pathogens: A Comparative Study. Pathogens 2019, 8, 15
Authors: Man Adrian , Santacroce Luigi , Iacob Romeo , Mare Anca , Man Lidia
Published: July 2019

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]
Person-Centred Care Including Deprescribing for Older People
Authors: Smith Heather , Miller Karen , Barnett Nina , Oboh Lelly , Jones Emyr , Darcy Carmel , McKee Hilary , Agnew Jayne , Crawford Paula
Published: July 2019

There is concern internationally that many older people are using an inappropriate number of medicines, and that complex combinations of medicines may cause more harm than good. This article discusses how person-centred medicines optimisation for older people can be conducted in clinical practice, including the process of deprescribing. The evidence supports that if clinicians actively include people in decision making, it leads to better outcomes. We share techniques, frameworks, and tools that can be used to deprescribe safely whilst placing the person’s views, values, and beliefs about their medicines at the heart of any deprescribing discussions. This includes the person-centred approach to deprescribing (seven steps), which incorporates the identification of the person’s priorities and the clinician’s priorities in relation to treatment with medication and promotes shared decision making, agreed goals, good communication, and follow up. The authors believe that delivering deprescribing consultations in this manner is effective, as the person is integral to the deprescribing decision-making process, and we illustrate how this approach can be applied in real-life case studies.
Improvement of EPIC/DSCOVR Image Registration by Means of Automatic Coastline Detection
Authors: Molina García Víctor , Sasi Sruthy , Efremenko Dmitry S. , Loyola Diego
Published: July 2019

In this work, we address the image geolocation issue that is present in the imagery of EPIC/DSCOVR (Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera/Deep Space Climate Observatory) Level 1B version 2. To solve it, we develop an algorithm that automatically computes a registration correction consisting of a motion (translation plus rotation) and a radial distortion. The correction parameters are retrieved for every image by means of a regularised non-linear optimisation process, in which the spatial distances between the theoretical and actual locations of chosen features are minimised. The actual features are found along the coastlines automatically by using computer vision techniques. The retrieved correction parameters show a behaviour that is related to the period of DSCOVR orbiting around the Lagrangian point L 1 . With this procedure, the EPIC coastlines are collocated with an accuracy of about 1.5 pixels, thus significantly improving the original registration of about 5 pixels from the imagery of EPIC/DSCOVR Level 1B version 2.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Biological Activities of Organically Templated Cobalt Phosphite (C4N2H14)[Co(H2PO3)4]·2H2O
Authors: Hamdi Najlaa , Chaouch Souad , da Silva Ivan , Ezahri Mohamed , Lachkar Mohammed , Alhasan Rama , Yaman Abdin Ahmad , Jacob Claus , El Bali Brahim
Published: July 2019

A novel hybrid phosphite (C4N2H14)[Co(H2PO3)4]·2H2O was synthesized with 1,4- diaminobutane (dabn) as a structure-directing agent using slow evaporation method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed that it crystallizes in the P\-1 triclinic space group, with the following unit cell parameters (Å, °) a = 5.4814 (3), b = 7.5515 (4), c = 10.8548 (6), α = 88.001 (4), β = 88.707 (5), γ = 85.126 (5), and V = 447.33 (4) Å3. The crystal structure was built up from corner-sharing [CoO6]-octahedrons, forming chains parallel to [001], which are interconnected by H2PO3− pseudo-tetrahedral units. The diprotonated 1,4-butanediammonium molecules, residing between the parallel chains, interacted with the inorganic moiety via hydrogen bonds leading thus to the formation of the 3D crystal structure. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed characteristic bands corresponding to the phosphite group and the organic molecule. The thermal decomposition of the compound consisted mainly of the loss of the organic moiety and the water molecules. The biological tests exhibited significant activity against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli strains in all used concentrations, while less activity was pronounced when tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while there was no activity against the nematode model Steinernema feltiae.
A Cellular Automata Model Constrained by Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of the Urban Development Strategy for Simulating Land-use Change: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China
Authors: Yang Jing , Shi Feng , Sun Yizhong , Zhu Jie
Published: July 2019

While cellular automata (CA) has become increasingly popular in land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) simulations, insufficient research has considered the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban development strategies and applied it to constrain CA models. Consequently, we proposed to add a zoning transition rule and planning influence that consists of a development grade coefficient and traffic facility coefficient in the CA model to reflect the top-down and heterogeneous characteristics of spatial layout and the dynamic and heterogeneous external interference of traffic facilities on land-use development. Testing the method using Nanjing city as a case study, we show that the optimal combinations of development grade coefficients are different in different districts, and the simulation accuracies are improved by adding the grade coefficients into the model. Moreover, the integration of the traffic facility coefficient does not improve the model accuracy as expected because the deployment of the optimal spatial layout has considered the effect of the subway on land use. Therefore, spatial layout planning is important for urban green, humanistic and sustainable development.
FDI, Institutional Quality, and Bribery: An Empirical Examination in China
Authors: Oh Kum-Sik , Ryu Yeon-Sik
Published: July 2019

This study attempts to identify the key factors inhibiting the bribery practices of multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries directed at local managers in China. During the experiment, this study employs an institutional theory, identifies primary determinants on the phenomenon, and compares the main components between old versus young subsidiaries. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and both regression and spearman rank order correlation analyses were used as statistical techniques. Through the analyses, we found that a cognitive pillar is a crucial element contributing to the inhibition of bribery practices, the enhancement of institutional quality, and the promotion of sustainable development in the emerging economy. We expect that the results will provide useful implications for MNE managers planning to invest in China and for policy makers enacting institutional environments.
Current Findings on Gut Microbiota Mediated Immune Modulation against Viral Diseases in Chicken
Authors: Abaidullah Muhammad , Peng Shuwei , Kamran Muhammad , Song Xu , Yin Zhongqiong
Published: July 2019

Chicken gastrointestinal tract is an important site of immune cell development that not only regulates gut microbiota but also maintains extra-intestinal immunity. Recent studies have emphasized the important roles of gut microbiota in shaping immunity against viral diseases in chicken. Microbial diversity and its integrity are the key elements for deriving immunity against invading viral pathogens. Commensal bacteria provide protection against pathogens through direct competition and by the production of antibodies and activation of different cytokines to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. There are few economically important viral diseases of chicken that perturb the intestinal microbiota diversity. Disruption of microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) associates with a variety of pathological states, which facilitate the establishment of acute viral infections in chickens. In this review, we summarize the calibrated interactions among the microbiota mediated immune modulation through the production of different interferons (IFNs) ILs, and virus-specific IgA and IgG, and their impact on the severity of viral infections in chickens. Here, it also shows that acute viral infection diminishes commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes, and Blautia spp. populations and enhances the colonization of pathobionts, including E. coli, Shigella, and Clostridial spp., in infected chickens.
Carbon Transfer from Cyanobacteria to Pelagic and Benthic Consumers in a Subtropical Lake: Evidence from a 13C Labelling Experiment
Authors: Yu Jinlei , He Hu , Liu Zhengwen , Jeppesen Erik , Chen Feizhou , Zhang Yongdong
Published: July 2019

Eutrophication of lakes often results in dominance of cyanobacteria, which may potentially lead to serious blooms and toxic water. However, cyanobacterial detritus may act as an important carbon source for aquatic organisms. Using stable isotope carbon (13C) as a tracer, we assessed the carbon transfer from cyanobacteria to pelagic and benthic consumers in a 28-day outdoor mesocosm (~130 L) labelling experiment established in Lake Taihu, China, during a Microcystis aeruginosa bloom. The different organisms were labelled differently after addition of the labelled Microcystis detritus to the water. δ13C of particulate organic matter and of cladoceran zooplankton peaked earlier than for larger invertebrate consumers. Among the pelagic species, Daphnia similis had the highest Δδ13C, while the two snail species Radix swinhoei and Bellamya aeruginosa had lower but similar Δδ13C. The bivalves showed relatively modest changes in δ13C. The δ13C of Anodonta woodiana and Unio douglasiae showed a marginal though not significant increase, while a marked increase occurred for Arconaia lanceolate peaking on day 20, and Corbicula fluminea a slight increase peaking on day 9. Our results suggest that carbon from cyanobacteria can be incorporated by pelagic and some benthic consumers and eventually be transferred to higher trophic levels. Cyanobacterial carbon may, therefore, be considered an important carbon source supporting the entire food web during blooms, even if the cyanobacteria are not consumed directly.
Mineração de dados para analisar estratégia de negociação para o mercado de câmbio
Authors: Silva Aurélio Miguel Machado da , Bentes Raphael Araujo , Silva Thiago Aparecido da , Leão Heloise Acco Tives
Published: July 2019

O trabalho em questão, tem como objetivo utilizar mineração de dados para analisar estratégia de negociação no mercado de câmbio. Neste tra- balho será apresentado conceitos e caraterísticas do mercado de câmbio, e por quais motivos e vantagens podemos utilizar a mineração de dados para explo- rar este mercado. Utilizando a mineração de dados foi realizada a análise utilizando o período de 18 anos de operações.
Gamificação na Educação: aplicação de elementos de jogos no Módulo de Tabela Verdade que auxilia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina de Lógica
Authors: Gomes Fernanda Pereira , Brito Parcilene Fernandes de
Published: July 2019

A gamificação pode ser caracterizada como o uso de elementos e mecanismos de jogos que objetivam estimular comportamentos e despertar engajamento entre um público específico. Os cenários em que a gamificação pode ser aplicada vão desde setores financeiros, saúde e educação, e neste último, é capaz de proporcionar experiências de aprendizado customizadas a partir das necessidades dos alunos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta os conceitos, teorias e técnicas da gamificação centrada no contexto educacional, e uma proposta de gamificação do Módulo de Tabela Verdade desenvolvido para o projeto Logic Live, uma plataforma online para auxílio ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem da disciplina de Lógica.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Persediaan Barang Dagang (Suku Cadang) dengan Menggunakan Software Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 dan SQL Server 2005 Berbasis Client Server pada CV. Ahass Bintang Firdaus Motor
Authors: Pirmansyah Panji , Yulianto Hery Dwi
Published: July 2019

Ahass Bintang Firdaus Motor is located in Raya Soreang Street No.32 Soreang-Bandung. The company manages merchandise transaction registration process as manually. This matter develops all working departement in the company works not properly and effectively toward serving report and information neede. Regarding to the issue, the writer title, “Design Merchandise Inventory (Sparepart) Accounting Information System with software Microsoft Visual Basic 2005 and SQL Server 2005 Base of Client Server on the CV. Ahass Bintang Firdaus Motor”.

The design of the study using primary and secondary data, the academic type of the study using qualitative and quantitative data,exploratories and descriptive methods of research, data collecting technique wich is field study that contains interview, observation and book study. The developing method with methodology that oriented toward process, data and output. The Interasi structure development system And Accounting Information System Design of the konteks diagram, data flow diagram, entity relationship diagram, and flowchart. so that the data processing of revenue report is expected well computerized.