bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The minimum description length principle for pattern mining: a survey
Authors: Galbrun Esther
Published: July 2022

Mining patterns is a core task in data analysis and, beyond issues of efficient enumeration, the selection of patterns constitutes a major challenge. The Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle, a model selection method grounded in information theory, has been applied to pattern mining with the aim to obtain compact high-quality sets of patterns. After giving an outline of relevant concepts from information theory and coding, we review MDL-based methods for mining different kinds of patterns from various types of data. Finally, we open a discussion on some issues regarding these methods.
Living with COVID-19: Subjective Well-Being in the Second Phase of the Pandemic
Authors: Henseke Golo , Green Francis , Schoon Ingrid
Published: July 2022

While there is ample evidence of the decline in mental health among youth during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the determinants of recovery, which is the focus of this study. Drawing on a stress process framework, this study examines the associations of changes in direct, pandemic-related, and indirect, lockdown-related stressors with life satisfaction. A novel representative, longitudinal sample of British 16–25-year-olds is used, drawing on 6 data collections between February 2021 to May 2022 (N = 6000, 51% female, 24% ethnic minority, 46% in work, 35% with higher education). Using linear fixed-effects regression models, the findings suggest a substantial improvement in life satisfaction among youth. An increasing frequency of social contacts, receding worries about career prospects and job skills learning contributed significantly to increases in life satisfaction, whereas direct, health-related COVID-19 stressors did not affect life satisfaction. Sub-group analysis suggests that women’s, adolescents’, and students’ life satisfaction responded more strongly to the stressors considered in this study. The findings highlight the positive effects of less stringent lockdown restrictions, economic recovery, and opportunities for job skills learning on youth’s happiness.
Fifty-year change in air pollution in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chiu-Hsuan , Brimblecombe Peter , Lee Chon-Lin
Published: July 2022

The change in air quality in cities can be the product of regulation and emissions. Regulations require enforcement of emission reduction, but it is often shifting economic and societal structures that influence pollutant emissions. This study examines the long-term record of air pollutants in Kaohsiung, where post-war industrialisation increased pollution substantially, although improvements are observed in recent decades as the city moved to a more mixed economy. The study tracks both gases and particles across a period of significant change in pollution sources in the city. Concentrations of SO2 and aerosol SO42− were especially high ~1970, but these gradually declined, although SO42− to a lesser extent than its precursor, SO2. While twenty-first century emissions of SO2 and NOx have declined, this has been less so for NH3, because it arises from predominantly agricultural sources. The atmosphere in Kaohsiung continues to have high concentrations of O3, and these have risen in the city, likely a product of less titration by NO. The changes have meant that ozone has become an increasing threat to health and agriculture. Despite a potential for producing (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 aerosols, a product of a relatively constant supply of NH3, visibility has improved in recent years. Emissions of SO2 and NOx should continue to be reduced, as these strongly affect the amount of fine secondary aerosol. However, the key problem may be ozone, which is difficult to control as it requires careful consideration of the balance of NOx and hydrocarbons so important to its production.
On the traction problem for steady elastic oscillations equations: the double layer potential ansatz
Authors: Cialdea Alberto , Leonessa Vita , Malaspina Angelica
Published: July 2022

The three-dimensional traction problem for steady elastic oscillations equations is studied. Representability of its solution by means of a double layer potential is considered instead of the more usual simple layer potential.
A framework for implementing antibiotic stewardship in ambulatory care: Lessons learned from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Antibiotic Use
Authors: Keller Sara C. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Miller Melissa A. , Tamma Pranita
Published: July 2022

Antibiotic overuse is common in ambulatory care settings, underscoring the importance of outpatient antibiotic stewardship to ensure safe and effective antibiotic prescription. In response to this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed the AHRQ Safety Program for Improving Antibiotic Use in Ambulatory Care. The Safety Program successfully assisted 389 outpatient practices across the United States to establish ambulatory antibiotic stewardship. Herein, we have used lessons learned from the AHRQ Safety Program to describe a step-by-step framework to assist practices with establishing antibiotic stewardship in the outpatient setting. Steps include obtaining support from practice leadership; establishing an antibiotic stewardship team; garnering support from practice members; determining how to access antibiotic prescribing data; building communication skills around antibiotic use in the practice; implementing educational content around an infectious syndrome; monitoring antibiotic prescription data; and implementing a sustainability plan.
Who nudges whom? Expert opinions on behavioural field experiments with public partners
Authors: Fels Katja Marie
Published: July 2022

Field experiments which test the application of behavioural insights to policy design have become popular to inform policy decisions. This study is the first to empirically examine who and what drives these experiments with public partners. Through a mixed-methods approach, based on a novel dataset of insights from academic researchers, behavioural insight team members and public servants, I derive three main results: First, public bodies have a considerable influence on study set-up and sample design. Second, high scientific standards are regularly not met in cooperative field experiments, mainly due to risk aversion in the public body. Third, transparency and quality control in collaborative research are low with respect to pre-analysis plans, the publication of results and medium or long-term effects. To remedy the current weaknesses, the study sketches out several promising ways forward, such as setting up a matchmaking platform for researchers and public bodies to facilitate cooperation, and using time-embargoed pre-analysis plans.
Women’s Political Leadership: One Question and Two DivergentFatwās
Authors: Yakar Emine Enise
Published: July 2022

Women’s political leadership is one of the abiding controversial issues among Muslim scholars. The question of whether a Muslim woman can lead in her country is generally answered negatively by Muslim scholars, but some modern scholars explicitly support women’s political leadership without any restriction. Where the scholars stand on the issue is influenced by their social context. With the intent of examining the interaction between social context and Islamic legal methodologies infatwās—Isalmic legal opinions—related to women, the author discusses as exemplary texts thefatwāsissued by two well-known religious institutions, the Dār al-Iftā’ in Saudi Arabia and the Diyanet in Turkey. The institutions function in different social contexts: Saudi Arabia is a theocratic monarchy that applies Islamic law; Turkey is a democratic country whose legal system is based on a secular law. Through a detailed analysis of the spatio-temporalfatwāsregarding women’s political leadership, the author provides insight into the influence of contextual elements during the process of issuingfatwās, suggesting that these differences of opinion among Muslim scholars and religious institutions will continue.
“The Manifest Distinction Established by Our Holy Religion”: Church, State and the Consecration of Samuel Seabury
Authors: Sirota Brent
Published: July 2022

The consecration of Samuel Seabury as bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Connecticut in November 1784 is typically taken to mark the threshold that divides the magisterial pretensions of the old-world confessional state from the pluralism of the new-world denominational order. In such accounts, a chastened Anglicanism reluctantly sacrificed its royalism and claims to establishment in acquiescence to the pluralistic religious ecology of the republican United States. The Church of England, in this telling, possessed no native conception of the separation of church and state. The Americanization of Anglicanism, therefore, entailed the acceptance of ecclesiological premises foreign and inimical to its tradition—stemming largely from the intellectual world of the enlightenment and Protestant nonconformity. Such a narrative of denominational beginnings, this article demonstrates, fails to grapple seriously with the strain of antiestablishmentarian thought within Anglicanism itself. The separation of church and state necessarily implicated in Seabury's securing of “a free, valid and purely Ecclesiastical Episcopacy” was neither an alien imposition nor a mere epiphenomenon of American religious liberty. The catholic tendency in Anglicanism had long developed its own conception of ecclesiastical independence, which rejected both state superintendence as well as religious voluntarism. The consecration of Samuel Seabury, this article argues, was secured and defended in an Atlantic milieu characterized by this dual-sided antipathy. By setting the events and controversies surrounding the Seabury consecration back into this broader Atlantic milieu, we will glean a clearer sense of the imperative of ecclesial separateness and distinctiveness that characterized American Episcopalianism in the early republic. American Episcopalianism in the nineteenth century, particularly that of the high church tendency, was remarkably free of the establishmentarian and political impulses of other denominations because it was founded in explicit rejection of them.
On birationally trivial families and adjoint quadrics
Authors: Cesarano Luca , Rizzi Luca , Zucconi Francesco
Published: July 2022

Let $\pi \colon \mathcal {X}\to B$ be a family whose general fibre $X_b$ is a $(d_1,\,\ldots,\,d_a)$-polarization on a general abelian variety, where $1\leq d_i\leq 2$, $i=1,\,\ldots,\,a$ and $a\geq 4$. We show that the fibres are in the same birational class if all the $(m,\,0)$-forms on $X_b$ are liftable to $(m,\,0)$-forms on $\mathcal {X}$, where $m=1$ and $m=a-1$. Actually, we show a general criteria to establish whether the fibres of certain families belong to the same birational class.
Confessionalism, Centralism, Armenians, and Ottoman Imperial Governance in the 18th and 19th Centuries
Authors: Antaramian Richard
Published: July 2022

This article argues that non-Muslim engagement with 19th-century Ottoman reform should be understood in the context of a confessionalized politics that originally fostered partnerships of governance in the 18th century. The confessionalization of non-Muslim communities in the 18th century, which resulted in the political empowerment of Istanbul-based ethnarchs, promoted the establishment of robust communal boundaries that were more legible to the central state. These arrangements also made non-Muslim communities such as the Armenians partners in governance, responsible for supporting the state's effort to maintain its place atop a contentious imperial politics. The Tanzimat reforms, which reorganized non-Muslim communities and devolved some power from the clergy to the laity, were not a novelty, but instead a renegotiation of non-Muslims’ roles in the centralization of state. Rather than embrace secularized identities, non-Muslims enthusiastically used their own religious institutions to promote state centralization. In the process, they reconfigured relations of power in the region that left non-Muslims structurally marginalized.
Representations of Muslim Women after 9/11 and the Enduring Entanglements of “Writing Against”
Authors: Hannun Marya
Published: July 2022

In the fall of 2021, I taught a graduate seminar entitled Women and Gender in the Arab World at Georgetown University. It had been two decades since 9/11 and the start of the “War on Terror,” events that most of my students were not old enough to recall, but which still had, in one way or another, profoundly shaped their interest or experience in the region. In planning the course, I received a syllabus that had been used in past years. The first week was an introduction to the course, and it consisted of two essays intended to frame the state of the field of Middle East women's studies: Lila Abu-Lughod's “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving?” and Mounira Charrad's “Gender in the Middle East: Islam, State, and Agency.”
The Lumberman and the lumber industry in the 1950s Philippines
Authors: Luyt Brendan
Published: July 2022

In 1954, a new Philippine trade periodical published its first issue, one of many to follow. The Lumberman, as well as providing a wealth of detail about the early postwar logging and lumber industry in the Philippines, also records a sustained attempt to imbue readers with a progressive forestry ethos capable of combating entrenched notions of the forests as wastelands and trees as a hindrance to civilisation. It would be easy to dismiss this project as naive, and the magazine itself provides a foreshadowing of the wholesale destruction of forests during the 1960s and 1970s, but for those caught up in the events of the 1950s the future was not so certain. The possibility of a capital-intensive industry using the forests of the country in a sustainable manner was not to be ruled out. Although in the end the social forces interested in this project were not strong enough to prevail, this should not stop our recognition that attempts were made to advocate a different path. This study of The Lumberman acknowledges this point.
Deconstructing the heterogeneity of alcohol use disorder: lifetime comorbid non-alcohol substance use disorder as a distinct behavioral phenotype?
Authors: Farmer Richard F. , Seeley John R. , Kosty Derek B. , Gau Jeff M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous condition. Accumulating evidence suggests that persons with lifetime histories of comorbid AUD and non-alcohol substance use disorder (DRUG) constitute an important subgroup of AUD. This study evaluated the distinctiveness of the comorbid AUD/DRUG behavioral phenotype in a community sample with respect to risk factors, AUD course features, and outcome variables assessed at age 30. Contrast groups included persons with histories of AUD only, DRUG only, and neither AUD nor DRUG.

Methods

This research utilized a prospective study design with an age-based cohort (n = 732). Participants completed four comprehensive diagnostic evaluations during the high-risk periods of adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood.

Results

The comorbid AUD/DRUG group was distinguished from the AUD only group by risk factors, AUD course features, and outcomes. Group differences in outcomes were also explained by overall substance use disorder (SUD) severity. Persons with AUD/DRUG comorbidity were indistinguishable from those with DRUG only histories with respect to risk factors and outcomes but demonstrated greater overall SUD severity. Persons with AUD only were indistinguishable from those with neither AUD nor DRUG histories in risk factor endorsements and were mostly similar in outcomes.

Conclusions

Findings collectively suggest that young adults with histories of AUD only and those with comorbid AUD/DRUG are drawn from dissimilar populations. Similarities between the AUD only group with those absent AUD or DRUG histories are likely related to the former group's developmentally limited AUD course accompanied by relatively few or short-lived alcohol-related problems.
From Corporations to Companies: The Development of Capitalism in Maritime Cargo Handling in the Port of Barcelona (ca. 1760–1873)
Authors: Ibarz Jordi , von Briesen Brendan J.
Published: July 2022

For centuries, the maritime cargo passing through the port of Barcelona was handled by the men of a half-dozen guilds. Collectively, these ancient corporations enjoyed monopolistic privileges over the various types of cargo and areas of operation—in the shallow harbor, to and from the Customs House, and throughout the city and beyond. At the end of the eighteenth century, the advances of economic and political liberalism began to question, challenge, and eventually dismantle the guild structure: a process that came to fruition in the early nineteenth century with the abolition of most guilds throughout Spain. However, some of the cargo-handling guilds had been defended by the Navy against abolition until the second half of the nineteenth century, when their orderly world collapsed into competitive companies able to hire men of their choosing (former guildsmen or otherwise). In this article, we look at the harbor-based guilds and the process by which guildsmen became the unorganized workers and capitalistic directors of the new dockworker companies. We offer a vision of the transformation of the guild system into a private system for organizing the labor of maritime-cargo handling. In this account, we examine technological changes in the means of production, changes in the organization of labor, the appearance of a new capitalist class in the sub-sector, and the rise of a capitalist mode of production based on the proletarianization of cargo handling.
Unpacking second language writing teacher knowledge through corpus-based pedagogy training
Authors: Schmidt Nicole
Published: July 2022

Corpus-based language teaching is one area of second language (L2) pedagogy in which L2 teachers may benefit from extensive guidance on how to integrate digital tools into pedagogical practices. Direct corpus approaches like data-driven learning (DDL) cultivate learner engagement and language discovery. However, second language writing (SLW) teachers face significant challenges using corpora in the classroom, and these challenges often go unaddressed in language teacher education, particularly for in-service teachers. This paper reports on a case study in which six university SLW teachers participated in an online corpus-based pedagogy workshop. Teachers developed DDL activity plans and wrote in reflective diaries. The analysis of these artifacts shows that the teachers tended to follow one of two paths toward knowledge integration, as either Planners or Seekers, when implementing corpus activities in their classrooms. The teachers also reported increased confidence in applying direct corpus methods to their lessons by the end of the workshops, though they expressed the need for continued, long-term support.
The Study of Persian Painting
Authors: BREND BARBARA
Published: July 2022

I do not begin at the beginning, since whatever one wishes to speak of so often follows some significant precursor, but to make a start: F. R. Martin's The Miniature Painting and Painters of Persia, India and Turkey, from the 8th to the 18th Century was published in 1912. Martin describes his book as ‘purely prefactory to a knowledge of a hitherto neglected section of art’. It is an éminence grise, a great slab of a book presumably intended mainly for collectors and so perhaps rather intimidating to students of later ages, but containing a great deal of information, a little of which we would now see as incorrect, and a large collection of illustrations in black-and-white that continue to be useful. There is considerable focus on the work of individual artists and, in particular, attributions to Bihzad abound. Already from the title it is clear that Martin sees the painting of Iran, of (Muslim) India, and of (Ottoman) Turkey as a continuum. The question of whether these areas can—or should—be considered together or severally continues to arise, and must, I think, be decided for each particular occasion. Two other monumental books that, between them, demonstrate this question of choice are Arménag Sakisian's La miniature persane du XIIe au XVIIe siècle and E. Blochet's Musulman Painting XIIth–XVIIth Century, both of 1929.
Tall fescue interseeding and postemergence herbicides for false-green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) control in turfgrass
Authors: Elmore Matthew T. , Tuck Daniel P.
Published: July 2022

False-green kyllinga is a problematic C4 perennial Cyperaceae species. Previous research examined herbicide efficacy but has not integrated nonchemical practices with herbicides. Replicate field experiments were conducted to evaluate late-summer postemergence applications of herbicides in combination with turf-type tall fescue interseeding for false-green kyllinga control. Seven herbicide treatments and a nontreated control formed a complete factorial, with tall fescue interseeding or no seeding (eight-by-two factorial). Six herbicide treatments consisted of single postemergence applications of halosulfuron-methyl (70 g ha–1), imazosulfuron (420 g ha–1), and sulfentrazone + carfentrazone (280 + 30 g ha–1) applied 4 wk before tall fescue interseeding (WBS) and the day of interseeding. Glyphosate (220 g ae ha–1) applied the day of interseeding was the seventh herbicide treatment. Tall fescue was interseeded in September, and false-green kyllinga control was evaluated the following summer. In combination with tall fescue interseeding, imazosulfuron and halosulfuron applied 4 WBS as well as glyphosate applied the day of interseeding controlled false-green kyllinga better than all other treatments. In July, imazosulfuron and halosulfuron treatments applied 4 WBS and combined with interseeding had 1% to 6% false-green kyllinga cover, respectively, compared to 28% and 62% cover, respectively, without interseeding. Interseeding alone controlled false-green kyllinga <50%. Imazosulfuron, halosulfuron, and sulfentrazone + carfentrazone applied the day of seeding severely injured emerging tall fescue seedlings and reduced turfgrass quality the following spring. Applying imazosulfuron or halosulfuron in late summer and interseeding turf-type tall fescue 4 wk later or applying glyphosate the day of seeding are effective strategies for postemergence false-green kyllinga control. Integrating herbicides and the cultural practice of tall fescue interseeding provided more false-green kyllinga control than either practice alone.
Extent and Magnitude of Subsurface Anomalies During the Northeast Pacific Blob as Measured by Animal‐Borne Sensors
Authors: Holser Rachel R. , Keates Theresa R. , Costa Daniel P. , Edwards Christopher A.
Published: July 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged warm water events that are increasing in frequency and magnitude due to rising global temperatures. The Northeast Pacific Blob was an unusually widespread MHW that affected ecosystems across the Northeast Pacific, from producers to top predators. Temperature and salinity data collected by northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from 2014 to 2017 show significant (>2 sd) warm anomalies throughout the top 1,000 m of the water column, with peak warming in late 2015. Using temperature and salinity as a tracer of layers of constant density, we looked at how lateral advection may have contributed to the development of the Blob. Temperature and salinity anomalies and the expansion of the water column at the base of the pycnocline both indicate that northward advection of warm, salty water played an important role in the observed accumulation of warm water, in addition to surface warming. These findings contribute to our understanding of the physical dynamics of the Blob, especially the thermal content and structure of the water column, and offer mechanisms for its formation and maintenance, which are crucial to assessing the ecological effects of MHWs now and in the future.
Moisture Modes of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations—High Order and Anti‐Symmetric Solutions
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Tan Zhe‐Min , Wu Zhaohua , Fang Juan
Published: July 2022

The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation are fundamental climate modes in the tropical atmosphere on the intraseasonal time scales. A recent study developed a linear moisture mode theory for unified treatment of these intraseasonal oscillations under different meridional moisture gradients. Using scaled Hermite polynomials as the basis for the meridional structure, it is shown that the system has infinite number of normal modes under the same parameter values, as n → ∞. The v = 0 and n = 1 analyzed in the previous study are two special cases. These moisture modes are non‐orthogonal. The idealized MJO solutions derived using the parameters in the boreal winter conditions bear similar meridional structure for planetary scale waves in the Earth‐like atmosphere, unlike the higher order solutions (which are often considered unrealistic) in the classical tropical waves theory. The solutions include both symmetric and anti‐symmetric modes. The symmetric modes are analogous to the Kelvin‐Rossby wave paradigm of the MJO. The anti‐symmetric modes features cross‐equatorial flow near the equator and subtropical gyres. Both growth rates and frequencies of the scaled higher order n modes display small increments compared to lower order modes. In the asymptotic limit n → ∞, a growth rate higher than other modes with finite n is achieved.
Restoring the epigenetically silenced lncRNA COL18A1-AS1 represses ccRCC progression by lipid browning via miR-1286/KLF12 axis
Authors: Liu Yuenan , Wang Jun , Shou Yi , Xu Wenjie , Huang Ziwei , Xu Jiaju , Chen Kailei , Liu Jingchong , Liu Di , Liang Huageng , Yang Hongmei , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: July 2022

Abnormal accumulation of lipids has been highlighted in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Emerging evidence suggests long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism. In this study, we found lncRNA COL18A1-AS1 was downregulated in ccRCC and that higher COL18A1-AS1 expression indicated better prognosis. Decreased COL18A1-AS1 expression was caused by DNA methylation at the CpG islands within its promoter. Restoring the epigenetically silenced COL18A1-AS1 repressed tumor progression, promoted lipid browning and consumption in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, COL18A1-AS1 could competitively bind miR-1286 to increase the expression of Krüppel-like factor 12 (KLF12). Downregulation of COL18A1-AS1 in ccRCC resulted in the low expression of KLF12. COL18A1-AS1/KLF12 positively regulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)–mediated lipid browning, which promotes tumor cell “slimming” and inhibits tumor progression. When tumor cell “slimming” occurred, lipid droplets turned into tiny pieces, and lipids were consumed without producing ATP energy. Taken together, our findings on COL18A1-AS1-miR-1286/KLF12 axis revealed a potential mechanism of abnormal accumulation of lipids in ccRCC and could be a promising therapeutic target for ccRCC patients.
Elasticity of podosome actin networks produces nanonewton protrusive forces
Authors: Jasnin Marion , Hervy Jordan , Balor Stéphanie , Bouissou Anaïs , Proag Amsha , Voituriez Raphaël , Schneider Jonathan , Mangeat Thomas , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle , Baumeister Wolfgang , Dmitrieff Serge , Poincloux Renaud
Published: July 2022

Actin filaments assemble into force-generating systems involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell motility, adhesion, contractility and division. It remains unclear how networks of actin filaments, which individually generate piconewton forces, can produce forces reaching tens of nanonewtons. Here we use in situ cryo-electron tomography to unveil how the nanoscale architecture of macrophage podosomes enables basal membrane protrusion. We show that the sum of the actin polymerization forces at the membrane is not sufficient to explain podosome protrusive forces. Quantitative analysis of podosome organization demonstrates that the core is composed of a dense network of bent actin filaments storing elastic energy. Theoretical modelling of the network as a spring-loaded elastic material reveals that it exerts forces of a few tens of nanonewtons, in a range similar to that evaluated experimentally. Thus, taking into account not only the interface with the membrane but also the bulk of the network, is crucial to understand force generation by actin machineries. Our integrative approach sheds light on the elastic behavior of dense actin networks and opens new avenues to understand force production inside cells.
General recipe to realize photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with 100-W-to-1-kW single-mode operation
Authors: Inoue Takuya , Yoshida Masahiro , Gelleta John , Izumi Koki , Yoshida Keisuke , Ishizaki Kenji , De Zoysa Menaka , Noda Susumu
Published: July 2022

Realization of one-chip, ultra-large-area, coherent semiconductor lasers has been one of the ultimate goals of laser physics and photonics for decades. Surface-emitting lasers with two-dimensional photonic crystal resonators, referred to as photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs), are expected to show promise for this purpose. However, neither the general conditions nor the concrete photonic crystal structures to realize 100-W-to-1-kW-class single-mode operation in PCSELs have yet to be clarified. Here, we analytically derive the general conditions for ultra-large-area (3~10 mm) single-mode operation in PCSELs. By considering not only the Hermitian but also the non-Hermitian optical couplings inside PCSELs, we mathematically derive the complex eigenfrequencies of the four photonic bands around the Γ point as well as the radiation constant difference between the fundamental and higher-order modes in a finite-size device. We then reveal concrete photonic crystal structures which allow the control of both Hermitian and non-Hermitian coupling coefficients to achieve 100-W-to-1-kW-class single-mode lasing.
Calcium-tin alloys as anodes for rechargeable non-aqueous calcium-ion batteries at room temperature
Authors: Zhao-Karger Zhirong , Xiu Yanlei , Li Zhenyou , Reupert Adam , Smok Thomas , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: July 2022

Rechargeable calcium batteries possess attractive features for sustainable energy-storage solutions owing to their high theoretical energy densities, safety aspects and abundant natural resources. However, divalent Ca-ions and reactive Ca metal strongly interact with cathode materials and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions, leading to high charge-transfer barriers at the electrode-electrolyte interface and consequently low electrochemical performance. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and elucidate the electrochemical properties of calcium-tin (Ca–Sn) alloy anodes for Ca-ion chemistries. Crystallographic and microstructural characterizations reveal that Sn formed from electrochemically dealloying the Ca–Sn alloy possesses unique properties, and that this in-situ formed Sn undergoes subsequent reversible calciation/decalciation as CaSn3. As demonstration of the suitability of Ca–Sn alloys as anodes for Ca-ion batteries, we assemble coin cells with an organic cathode (1,4-polyanthraquinone) in an electrolyte of 0.25 M calcium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate in dimethoxyethane. These electrochemical cells are charged/discharged for 5000 cycles at 260 mA g−1, retaining a capacity of 78 mAh g−1 with respect to the organic cathode. The discovery of new class of Ca–Sn alloy anodes opens a promising avenue towards viable high-performance Ca-ion batteries.
Renal UTX-PHGDH-serine axis regulates metabolic disorders in the kidney and liver
Authors: Chen Hong , Liu Chong , Wang Qian , Xiong Mingrui , Zeng Xia , Yang Dong , Xie Yunhao , Su Hua , Zhang Yu , Huang Yixue , Chen Yuchen , Yue Junqiu , Liu Chengyu , Wang Shun , Huang Kun , Zheng Ling
Published: July 2022

Global obesity epidemics impacts human health and causes obesity-related illnesses, including the obesity-related kidney and liver diseases. UTX, a histone H3K27 demethylase, plays important roles in development and differentiation. Here we show that kidney-specific knockout Utx inhibits high-fat diet induced lipid accumulation in the kidney and liver via upregulating circulating serine levels. Mechanistically, UTX recruits E3 ligase RNF114 to ubiquitinate phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, the rate limiting enzyme for de novo serine synthesis, at Lys310 and Lys330, which leads to its degradation, and thus suppresses renal and circulating serine levels. Consistently, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and serine levels are markedly downregulated in human subjects with diabetic kidney disease or obesity-related renal dysfunction. Notably, oral administration of serine ameliorates high-fat diet induced fatty liver and renal dysfunction, suggesting a potential approach against obesity related metabolic disorders. Together, our results reveal a metabolic homeostasis regulation mediated by a renal UTX-PHGDH-serine axis.
Cigarette smoke aggravates asthma by inducing memory-like type 3 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Ham Jongho , Kim Jihyun , Sohn Kyoung-Hee , Park In-Won , Choi Byoung-Whui , Chung Doo Hyun , Cho Sang-Heon , Kang Hye Ryun , Jung Jae-Woo , Kim Hye Young
Published: July 2022

Although cigarette smoking is known to exacerbate asthma, only a few clinical asthma studies have been conducted involving smokers. Here we show, by comparing paired sputum and blood samples from smoking and non-smoking patients with asthma, that smoking associates with significantly higher frequencies of pro-inflammatory, natural-cytotoxicity-receptor-non-expressing type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the sputum and memory-like, CD45RO-expressing ILC3s in the blood. These ILC3 frequencies positively correlate with circulating neutrophil counts and M1 alveolar macrophage frequencies, which are known to increase in uncontrolled severe asthma, yet do not correlate with circulating eosinophil frequencies that characterize allergic asthma. In vitro exposure of ILCs to cigarette smoke extract induces expression of the memory marker CD45RO in ILC3s. Cigarette smoke extract also impairs the barrier function of airway epithelial cells and increases their production of IL-1β, which is a known activating factor for ILC3s. Thus, our study suggests that cigarette smoking increases local and circulating frequencies of activated ILC3 cells, plays a role in their activation, thereby aggravating non-allergic inflammation and the severity of asthma.
Clonal barcoding with qPCR detection enables live cell functional analyses for cancer research
Authors: Guo Qiuchen , Spasic Milos , Maynard Adam G. , Goreczny Gregory J. , Bizuayehu Amanuel , Olive Jessica F. , van Galen Peter , McAllister Sandra S.
Published: July 2022

Single-cell analysis methods are valuable tools; however, current approaches do not easily enable live cell retrieval. That is a particular issue when further study of cells that were eliminated during experimentation could provide critical information. We report a clonal molecular barcoding method, called SunCatcher, that enables longitudinal tracking and live cell functional analysis. From complex cell populations, we generate single cell-derived clonal populations, infect each with a unique molecular barcode, and retain stocks of individual barcoded clones (BCs). We develop quantitative PCR-based and next-generation sequencing methods that we employ to identify and quantify BCs in vitro and in vivo. We apply SunCatcher to various breast cancer cell lines and combine respective BCs to create versions of the original cell lines. While the heterogeneous BC pools reproduce their original parental cell line proliferation and tumor progression rates, individual BCs are phenotypically and functionally diverse. Early spontaneous metastases can also be identified and quantified. SunCatcher thus provides a rapid and sensitive approach for studying live single-cell clones and clonal evolution, and performing functional analyses.
Oxygen isotope (δ18O, Δ′17O) insights into continental mantle evolution since the Archean
Authors: Bindeman Ilya N. , Ionov Dmitri A. , Tollan Peter M. E. , Golovin Alexander V.
Published: July 2022

Oxygen isotopic ratios are largely homogenous in the bulk of Earth’s mantle but are strongly fractionated near the Earth’s surface, thus these are robust indicators of recycling of surface materials to the mantle. Here we document a subtle but significant ~0.2‰ temporal decrease in δ18O in the shallowest continental lithospheric mantle since the Archean, no change in Δ′17O is observed. Younger samples document a decrease and greater heterogeneity of δ18O due to the development and progression of plate tectonics and subduction. We posit that δ18O in the oldest Archean samples provides the best δ18O estimate for the Earth of 5.37‰ for olivine and 5.57‰ for bulk peridotite, values that are comparable to lunar rocks as the moon did not have plate tectonics. Given the large volume of the continental lithospheric mantle, even small decreases in its δ18O may explain the increasing δ18O of the continental crust since oxygen is progressively redistributed by fluids between these reservoirs via high-δ18O sediment accretion and low-δ18O mantle in subduction zones.
Flexible ultrasound-induced retinal stimulating piezo-arrays for biomimetic visual prostheses
Authors: Jiang Laiming , Lu Gengxi , Zeng Yushun , Sun Yizhe , Kang Haochen , Burford James , Gong Chen , Humayun Mark S. , Chen Yong , Zhou Qifa
Published: July 2022

Electronic visual prostheses, or biomimetic eyes, have shown the feasibility of restoring functional vision in the blind through electrical pulses to initiate neural responses artificially. However, existing visual prostheses predominantly use wired connections or electromagnetic waves for powering and data telemetry, which raises safety concerns or couples inefficiently to miniaturized implant units. Here, we present a flexible ultrasound-induced retinal stimulating piezo-array that can offer an alternative wireless artificial retinal prosthesis approach for evoking visual percepts in blind individuals. The device integrates a two-dimensional piezo-array with 32-pixel stimulating electrodes in a flexible printed circuit board. Each piezo-element can be ultrasonically and individually activated, thus, spatially reconfigurable electronic patterns can be dynamically applied via programmable ultrasound beamlines. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the ultrasound-induced pattern reconstruction in ex vivo murine retinal tissue, showing the potential of this approach to restore functional, life-enhancing vision in people living with blindness.
Neural architecture search for pneumonia diagnosis from chest X-rays
Authors: Gupta Abhibha , Sheth Parth , Xie Pengtao
Published: July 2022

Pneumonia is one of the diseases that causes the most fatalities worldwide, especially in children. Recently, pneumonia-caused deaths have increased dramatically due to the novel Coronavirus global pandemic. Chest X-ray (CXR) images are one of the most readily available and common imaging modality for the detection and identification of pneumonia. However, the detection of pneumonia from chest radiography is a difficult task even for experienced radiologists. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems have great potential in assisting in quick and accurate diagnosis of pneumonia from chest X-rays. The aim of this study is to develop a Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method to find the best convolutional architecture capable of detecting pneumonia from chest X-rays. We propose a Learning by Teaching framework inspired by the teaching-driven learning methodology from humans, and conduct experiments on a pneumonia chest X-ray dataset with over 5000 images. Our proposed method yields an area under ROC curve (AUC) of 97.6% for pneumonia detection, which improves upon previous NAS methods by 5.1% (absolute).
Corticosteroid use and bone health management for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in South Korea
Authors: Yoon Jin A , Park Ho Eun , Kim Jinmi , Son Jungmin , Shin Yong Beom
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the current corticosteroid use and bone health management status of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in South Korea. This is a national population-based study utilized information from the databased of Korean National Health Insurance Database. Database regarding bone status, spine radiography findings, bone mineral density, and laboratory test results were obtained, as well as the proportion of patients with spine and lower limb prostheses, occurrence of scoliosis, and age at scoliosis surgery. Deflazacort dose in the ambulant group (aged < 15 years) increased by age and year. The maintenance dose of prednisolone and deflazacort for the 15–19 years group decreased by year. Among the patients, 12.47% underwent spine radiography, 23.11% underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and 22.7% underwent vitamin D tests. Moreover, 40.9% of the patients were prescribed vitamin D at a mean age of 14.6 ± 6.1 years, while 10.22% were prescribed bisphosphonate at 17.92 ± 3.4 years. Further, 16.1% of the patients underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion at 14.4 ± 2.3 years and 5.3% underwent anterior spinal instrumentation and fusion at 14.4 ± 2.3 years. Ankle–foot orthosis and spine orthosis prescriptions were noted in 4.91% and 1.84% of patients, respectively. In this our study, the current corticosteroid use and bone health management status of DMD in South Korea has been presented. The dose prescription for corticosteroid and bone health monitoring did not reach to current recommendation.
Design and preparation of nanoarchitectonics of LDH/polymer composite with particular morphology as catalyst for green synthesis of imidazole derivatives
Authors: Ghanbari Nastaran , Ghafuri Hossein
Published: July 2022

This paper was designed and prepared a new nanoarchitectonics of LDH/polymer composite with specific morphology. For this purpose, CTAB surfactant was used to control the morphology of layered double hydroxide (LDH) and to prepare LDH/polymer nanocomposites (LDH–APS–PEI–DTPA). The polymer was synthesized using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), polyethylenimine and used with LDH to form a nanocomposite with high thermal stability. Subsequently, the prepared nanocomposite was identified using FTIR, EDX, TGA, XRD, FESEM, and BET techniques. In addition, the prepared LDH–APS–PEI–DTPA nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives under green conditions. The results showed that the LDH–APS–PEI–DTPA nanocomposite benefit from suitable morphology, simple preparation, high catalytic activity, and high surface area. Also, the proposed LDH–APS–PEI–DTPA heterogeneous catalyst showed high stability and reusability for five consecutive runs which was consistent with the principles of green chemistry.
Retraction: Validation of chemometric-assisted single-drop microextraction based on sustainable solvents to analyze polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water samples
Authors: Ross Philippa
Published: July 2022

Retraction of ‘Validation of chemometric-assisted single-drop microextraction based on sustainable solvents to analyze polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water samples’ by Amir Mehravar et al., Anal. Methods, 2021, 13, 242–249, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01881C.
Accessing accelerated molecular diffusion by nanopore alignment in a MOF thin film
Authors: Malik Pratibha , Haldar Ritesh
Published: July 2022

By aligning the pore orientation in the ZIF-8 thin film molecular transport diffusivity could be enhanced by 2-fold as compared to a mixed orientation ZIF-8 thin film.
Self-biased wavelength selective photodetection in an n-IGZO/p-GeSe heterostructure by polarity flipping
Authors: Hussain Muhammad , Ali Asif , Jaffery Syed Hassan Abbas , Aftab Sikandar , Abbas Sohail , Riaz Muhammad , Bach Thi Phuong Anh , Raza Muhammad , Iqbal Javed , Hussain Sajjad , Sofer Zdenek , Jung Jongwan
Published: July 2022

A self-powered ITO/n-IGZO/p-GeSe p–n transparent device was fabricated via RF sputtering. It provides an alternative to scalable, low-cost, multifunctional transparent NIR optical sensors with selective wavelength photodetection characteristics.
Modulation doping and charge density wave transition in layered PbSe–VSe2 ferecrystal heterostructures
Authors: Göhler Fabian , Ramasubramanian Shrinidhi , Rajak Sanam Kumari , Rösch Niels , Schütze Adrian , Wolff Susanne , Cordova Dmitri Leo Mesoza , Johnson David C. , Seyller Thomas
Published: July 2022

A series of layered heterostructures made up of varied stackings of PbSe and VSe2 was investigated using photoemission spectroscopy to study controlled doping of the metallic channel layer.
In situ liquid transmission electron microscopy reveals self-assembly-driven nucleation in radiolytic synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles in organic media
Authors: Ortiz Peña Nathaly , Ihiawakrim Dris , Creţu Sorina , Cotin Geoffrey , Kiefer Céline , Begin-Colin Sylvie , Sanchez Clément , Portehault David , Ersen Ovidiu
Published: July 2022

A new insight into the early stages of iron oxide nanoparticle formation was obtained by in situ liquid transmission electron microscopy which allowed the visualization, in real time at the nanoscale, of the pre-nucleation arrangements of the precursors.
The rise of MAX phase alloys – large-scale theoretical screening for the prediction of chemical order and disorder
Authors: Dahlqvist Martin , Rosen Johanna
Published: July 2022

Theoretical study of metal alloying in MAX phases verifies the stability of 46 experimentally known i-MAX and solid solution MAX phases. An additional 337 elemental compositions predicted stable allows for expanding into new MAX phase chemistries.
Designing event‐triggered fault hiding controller for non‐linear affine bioreactor system: Adaptive virtual actuator approach
Authors: Ghasemi Reza , Zadeh S. Narges Mahdian
Published: July 2022

In recent years, bioreactor control is very important due to the challenges associated with the highly non‐linear behaviours. The dynamical structure of the system has been extended compared to previous researches and correspondingly the controller configuration is developed in this approach. This approach deliberates an event‐triggered adaptive fault‐hiding prototype for the non‐linear affine bioreactor system. Since this controller has the ability to hide the faults and external disturbances effects, the separated fault detection, isolation, and identification unit are not required in this approach. Also, the measurement information is triggered by the incidence of a certain event to amend the network resources. The focal advantages of the planned methodology are: (1) Robustness of the planned approach against external disturbances, (2) the presented virtual actuator conceals mechanism faults, (3) the convergence of tracking errors in the presence of both the faults and the external disturbances is guaranteed to neighbourhood of zero, and (4) significantly reducing data exchange based on event‐triggered strategy with a state‐independent threshold. The stability of closed‐loop system is guaranteed based on Lyapunov approach. The simulation results show that the proposed fault‐tolerant approach on the bioreactor systems is effective.
Wassermangel in der Haut verhindern
Authors: Allmacher Clarissa
Published: July 2022

Die Haut speichert große Mengen an Wasser. Eine eigene Schutzbarriere, bestehend aus dem Fett aus den Talgdrüsen, den Ceramiden aus der Epidermis, dem dermalen Mikrobiom und einem Säureschutzmantel, bewahrt sie vor übermäßigem Feuchtigkeitsverlust. Aggressives Reinigen zerstört jedoch diese Schutzbarriere und kann zu Hautschäden führen. Durch gemäßigte Reinigung und die richtige Hautpflege lässt sich der Schutzmantel stärken und übermäßiger Feuchtigkeitsverlust vermeiden.