bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Creation and Validation of a Knee Bone Age Atlas Utilizing MRI
Authors: Pennock Andrew T. , Bomar James D. , Manning John D.
Published: February 2018

Background:

In managing many pediatric knee conditions, an accurate bone age assessment may be critical for diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes. The aim of this study was to create an atlas of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the knee spanning the pediatric and adolescent years that would enable accurate skeletal age to be assessed, potentially forgoing the need for a left-hand radiograph.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective assessment of 11 to 31 MRIs from male and female patients of each age from 2 to 19 years. Radiographic features specific to the patella, tibia, fibula, and femur were documented with respect to their presence or absence. From these data, age and sex “standards” were established, allowing the creation on an atlas. A separate cohort of MRIs with 2 to 13 patients per age and sex was then used to validate the reliability and reproducibility of the atlas.

Results:

In the creation of the atlas, a total of 859 MRIs were reviewed. The patella, tibia, fibula, and femur were noted to undergo a reproducible sequence of skeletal ossification. The patella provided the best age assessment in early childhood. Features specific to the tibia, particularly ossification of the tibial spine and the tibial tubercle, were of particular importance in children between the ages of 6 and 12 years. MRI features of the fibula and femur served a more important role in age assessment later in skeletal maturity. From a separate cohort of 323 MRIs utilized to validate the atlas, a strong correlation between chronologic age and bone age was shown, as was excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability.

Conclusions:

The predictable ossification pattern of the patella, tibia, fibula, and femur enables accurate bone age calculations to be made from knee MRIs. When treating conditions about the knee that require MRI, obtaining an additional left-hand radiograph for bone age may be unnecessary. This information can be used to potentially avoid additional radiation exposure, impart cost savings, and lead to greater clinic efficiency.
Arthroplasty Roundtable: A Discussion on Surgical Approaches for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Davis Christopher , Pape Randall , Johnson Joshua R. , McCarthy Patrick S. , Cloutier Dagan
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the JOPA Roundtable discussion is to give orthopaedic PAs insight on how each participating editorial board member would treat certain clinical scenarios in his or her current practice. For this Arthroplasty Roundtable, editorial board members with expertise in joint replacement will discuss surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty. Participants will share their knowledge and experience on the topic.
AGENCIAMENTOS ENUNCIATIVOS: O DIREITO DE DIZER EM PROCESSOS JURÍDICOS DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Souza Cecilia Ribeiro de , Santos Jorge Viana
Published: February 2018

Resumo: Neste artigo, objetiva-se descrever semanticamente como se caracteriza o direito de dizer de escravos e de libertos, no espaço político-jurídico do Brasil imperial, em comparação com o direito de enunciação de pessoas livres. Para tanto, embasando-se nos pressupostos da Semântica do Acontecimento e tomando, como corpus, enunciados extraídos de cinco processos jurídicos do século XIX, analisamos dois modos de agenciamentos enunciativos daqueles que procuraram a Justiça/Estado para reclamar direitos. Como procedimento metodológico, faz-se a descrição: a) da cena enunciativa de cada excerto; b) do funcionamento de elementos linguísticos, que, nos enunciados, determinam os termos indicadores dos lugares de enunciação ou reescrituram as figuras enunciativas, articulam-se a elas ou as designam, como nomes próprios e pronomes. Defendemos que o direito de dizer de escravos e de libertos, no espaço político-jurídico, era adquirido, como demonstram os funcionamentos enunciativos do corpus, sob as mesmas condições do direito de dizer do falante livre que não sabia escrever. Como resultado, verifica-se que, nos textos que integram os processos jurídicos em análise, as enunciações de escravos e de libertos constituem memoráveis, que o Locutor do presente do acontecimento reescritura por paráfrase para fundamentar a argumentação a favor da causa da liberdade ou de direitos civis.
Instâncias de nominalizações e a densidade lexical do texto acadêmico: algumas implicações para o ensino
Authors: Marciotto Oliveira Ana Larissa Adorno , Perini-Loureiro Giovana
Published: February 2018

A escrita acadêmica é lexicalmente densa e a presença de instâncias de nominalização é pervasiva, fato que é aceito na literatura da área (HALLIDAY E MATTHIESSEN, 2014; MARTIN, 1993; MARTIN, 2008). Do ponto de vista da Linguística Sistêmico Funcional (LSF), as instâncias de nominalização estão associadas ao fenômeno linguístico denominado por Halliday e Matthiessen (2014) de ‘metáforas gramaticais ideacionais’ (MGI). Partindo desse panorama teórico, o objetivo deste artigo é duplo. Primeiramente, apresentar e discutir dados sobre a presença de MGI, contendo nominalizações, em textos acadêmicos produzidos em inglês. Objetiva-se, também, apresentar e sugerir atividades de sala de aula que aumentem a consciência linguística do aprendiz sobre o uso de formas gramaticalmente metaforizadas em textos acadêmicos, particularmente em artigos acadêmicos. Os exemplos de atividades pedagógicas aqui propostos visam a um incremento no nível de proficiência linguística do aprendiz de inglês, podendo, por conseguinte, aumentar suas chances de sucesso em âmbito acadêmico nacional e internacional.
Coagulation tests at trigger day in patients with Factor V Leiden Mutation to predict implantation failure
Authors: Devranoglu Belgin , Yayla Abide Cigdem , Ozkaya Enis , Senol Taylan , Kutlu Tayfun , Kayatas Eser Semra
Published: February 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of coagulation tests at trigger day in patients with isolated factor V Leiden mutation who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle (ICSI).Study Design:  Ninety women with isolated factor V Leiden mutation underwent ICSI cycles with an indication of unexplained infertility. In all participants antagonist protocol was used for ovarian hyperstimulation and coagulation tests including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), partial thromboplastin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), serum fibrinogen and D-dimer levels at trigger day were determined to predict successful implantation. All the clinical parameters specific for the treatment and some patient characteristics were recorded for each participants.Results: There was no significant difference between groups with and without succesfull implantation in terms of age, body mass index, basal hormone levels (follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone at day 3 and antimullerian hormone) (P > 0.05). Estradiol and progestrone levels at trigger day were comparable between groups  (P > 0.05). Groups had similar endometrial thickness at embryo transfer day (P > 0.05). Some ovarian stimulation characteristics including initial gonadotropin dose, number of follicles > 17 mm, number of oocytes harvested and number of embryos were similar between groups (P > 0.05). Although there was no significant difference between groups with regard to APTT and PT levels, INR level were significantly lower while D-dimer levels and fibrinogen were significantly higher in cases without implantation (P < 0.05).Conclusion: D-dimer, fibrinogen and INR levels were significant predictors for successful implantation in women with isolated factor V Leiden who underwent ovulation hyperstimulation.
Predictive modelling of water losses using random forests on weather covariates
Authors: Jenkins J. M. , Kowalski M. , Alvarenga E. F. S.
Published: February 2018

Conventionally, multiple linear regression methods have been used to predict water losses (a proportion of which is real losses) some weeks or months ahead, based upon various weather parameters. This paper describes the development of an alternative method to predict water losses using random forests and compares model performance with linear regression using a case study approach from one water utility. It suggests that a random forest approach can significantly improve the ability to predict water losses based on readily available covariates. Further validation work on holdout data is recommended to ensure the model is not over-fitted to the learning set.
Comparative multi-criteria performance assessment of alternative water infrastructure systems
Authors: Sartorius C. , Lévai P. , Niederste-Hollenberg J. , Nyga I. , Sorge C. , Hillenbrand T.
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a new multi-criteria assessment tool enabling the comparison of conventional and innovative infrastructures and its application to a specific case in a mid-size German city, Lünen. The assessed infrastructure alternatives are a conventional system with centralised supply of drinking water, wastewater collection in a combined sewer system and central tertiary treatment in one case. In the other, more innovative system, one part of the wastewater is used decentrally to extract the contained heat, substitute one part of the drinking water and, after being passed into a park-like constructed wetland, improve the microclimate and biodiversity. The assessment method employed is utility analysis using a set of 21 criteria and 33 indicators. The comparative assessment of both infrastructure alternatives shows the superiority of the innovative system for most criteria.
Medical Complications of Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Watts Jennifer , Brennan Bonnie , S. Mehler Philip
Published: February 2018

Background: Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the most prevalent eating disorder across
all age groups.

Objectives & Results: Estimates are that it is more common than anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa. Unfortunately, there are numerous psychiatric and medical co-morbidities associated with
BED which will exert a heavy toll on health care expenditures. However, too often, BED and its
relative medical co-morbidities are underdiagnosed by primary care physicians.

Conclusion: The relationships between BED, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, the Metabolic Syndrome
components and other medical complications are reviewed here in order to increase awareness of this
increasingly common eating disorder.
Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of In-situ Amine Functionalized Multiple Layer Grpahene /epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Pradeep Kumar , Sharma Kamal
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Graphene is flat monolayer of carbon atoms (one atom thick), covalently
bonded to three other atoms in tightly packed two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal single layer stable
crystalline honeycomb lattice structure. In this paper, In-situ amine functionalized exfoliated graphene
with multiple layers (3-6) with low defect contents and average aspect ratio upto 10 microns
(average X and Y dimensions) and thickness upto 2-3 nm (average Z-direction) which have been
produced with the combined effort of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical graphite exfoliation
method.

Methods:

This paper also focuses on the effect of the reinforcement of amine functionalized multiple
graphene layers (AF-MGL) on the mechanical and visco-elastic properties of epoxy composites. AFMGL/
epoxy composites (AF-MGL/EpC) were prepared with graphene fractions ranging from 0.5 to
2.0 wt%. The four different samples were prepared using an amount of graphene as 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and
2.0. A series of tensile three point bend tests were performed on the different AFMGL/epoxy composites.
Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the micro structural
features and fractured surfaces of AF-MGL/EpC.

Results:

Increased graphene content results in improved tensile strength and the modulus of an epoxy
matrix when compared with the pure epoxy matrix. The 1.5 wt% AF-MGL/EpC showed an increase
in tensile strength and modulus by 50.2 and 52.8% respectively. However, a shrink was noticed
beyond 1.5 wt.% samples of AF-MGL/EpC composite. Moreover, an improvement of 28.8% in
the storage modulus was also recorded when compared with epoxy composites.

Conclusion:

The effect of the amine functional group on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties
was also explored using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and predicted results were then compared
with experimental results.
Quasi-continuum Simulations of Solid-state Pressure Nanowelding of Metals
Authors: Wu Cheng-Da , Fang Te-Hua , Lin Ying-Jhih
Published: February 2018

Background:

Nanowelding is an attractive bottom-up fabrication technique that allows
the construction, connection, and repair of nanomaterials. The effects of contact interference,
crystal orientation, and material type of nanoscale welded pairs are investigated in terms of
atomic trajectories, strain distribution, and the stress-strain curve.

Methods:

The quasi-continuum (QC) method is applied to simulate nanowelding process. The
QC method is a multi-scale combined molecular dynamics approach that mixes atomistic and
continuum algorithms.

Results:

At a small contact interference of 0-1 nm, the ultimate stress of welded pairs is independent
of the magnitude of contact interference. Regarding the effect of material type, the average
ultimate stress for Ni-Ni welded pairs is the highest and that for Cu-Cu welded pairs is the
lowest, regardless of the contact orientation mode. The elongation of Ni-Ni welded pairs increases
with increasing contact interference.

Conclusion:

The crystal orientation of the contact plane and material type significantly determine
the welding quality. Welding on the close-packed plane of both substrates leads to the
highest ultimate stress. The ultimate stress for Ni-Ni welding pairs is the highest, and that for Cu-
Cu welded pairs is the lowest.
1,3,5-Triazine Analogs: A Potent Anticancer Scaffold
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Neeraj , Roy Ram Kumar , Singh Anita
Published: February 2018

Background:

This review presents the exhaustive exploration of 1,3,5-triazine scaffold
for development of analogs of anticancer drugs, over the last century. In the recent years, striazine
moiety has been one of the most studied moiety, showing broad-spectrum pharmacological
activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anti-HIV, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal,
antimalarial and antiviral. Nowadays, many boffins are have become interested in novel
synthesis of s-triazine derivatives because of low cost and ease of availability.

Methods:

This scaffold has been extensively investigated mainly in the past decade. Many products
have been synthesized from different starting materials and these synthetic products possess
anticancer potential against various cell lines.

Results:

Many 1,3,5-triazine analogs exhibited significant anticancer activity in various models
and cell lines exhibiting different mechanisms. Some analogs have also shown good pharmacokinetic
parameters with less IC50 values.

Conclusion:

Various 1,3,5-triazine analogs have shown potent activities and may be regarded as
clinical candidates for future anticancer formulations. This review may be helpful to those researchers
seeking required information with regard to the drug design and medicinal properties of
1,3,5-triazine derivatives for selected targets. This review may also offer help to find and improve
clinically viable anticancer molecules.
An Overview of the Construction Techniques of Traditional Malay Houses: Rumah Kutai, Perak
Authors: Khairudn Khairul Fikri , Salleh Nurul Hamiruddin , Aripin Srazali
Published: February 2018

Rumah Kutai in Perak is amongst the oldest surviving traditional Malay house and is gradually disappearing from the indigenous cultural landscape of Malaysia. Therefore, it is crucial to preserve such precious Malay heritage especially on the unique construction methods for the next generation references. The subject of the research is construction techniques of the traditional Malay houses which is emphasized on the indigenous house of Perak, Rumah Kutai. This research, basically exploring on how Rumah Kutai is being constructed from the beginning until the end. Also, to examine the construction techniques especially on the jointing system (tanggam) of several components in Rumah Kutai. The research aims to study the construction techniques of traditional Rumah Kutai.
Orthorexia Nervosa and the Quality of Life among Health Sciences Students in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor
Authors: Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan , Azman Nurfarhah Najwa , Said Norimah , Rahman Aiman Nadia Akmar
Published: February 2018

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is the obsession of an individual towards healthy foods. It has been shown to be related to quality of life (QoL). The aims of this study are to assess the prevalence of ON, QoL, and the correlation between ON and QoL. 138 students completed Orto-15 and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. 67.4% of the students had the tendency to experience ON. For Quality of Life, the psychological domain scored the highest (M=64.14, SD=11.74), while the social domain was the lowest (M=62.52, SD=11.41). There was a small correlation (r<0.29) between Orthorexia Nervosa and the quality of life.
Wind-Induced Ventilation Techniques for Passive Cooling
Authors: Othman Ahmad Ridzwan , Muda Fatin Farhah
Published: February 2018

Passive cooling systems maintained a comfortable indoor temperature using non-mechanical methods, uses less energy and reducing the negative impact on the environment. The aim is to review the wind-induced technique suitable for a hot and humid country like Malaysia. Samples in Petaling Jaya were assessed for their performances and highlight the factors influencing the strengths and the weaknesses. The success of wind-induced ventilation technique depends on the wind velocity and the building height because the wind pressure increases with building height. Other factors that affect the effectiveness of the wind-induced ventilation techniques are shape, size, building orientation and local climate.
Packaging Development for Promotion Dam Tourism Community: Ratchaprapa Dam, Khaosok National Park, Surat Thani Province
Authors: Simsiri Sarath , Smitinand Ratananaphadol , Eiambua Mana
Published: February 2018

The study of Product and Packaging factors that Influence on Consumer Purchase Decision aims to study consumers' products demands inclusive of the factors affecting consumer interest and buying decisions and explores the characteristics of packaging that is consistent with consumer demand and to offer product and packaging design guideline which can attract and make consumer purchasing decisions. The study reveals consumers prefer local products, fine-looking packages which reasonable price, can use as a souvenir, geometric shape packaging are the factors affecting consumer interest and purchase decisions.Thus, this could benefit to design and develop products to meet the needs of consumers.
Theoretical Framework for Trees Management in Campus Landscape Design
Authors: Hasan Ramly , Aziz Nor Diana , Nawawi Abdul Hadi , Mohd Amin Ghazali
Published: February 2018

Good tree management is the key basis for greener campus of the future. Lacking in tree management in term of knowledge is one of the factors that trees will produce hazards to the students and staffs at the campus. Two objectives of this study are (i) to determine the user comfort attributes that significantly influent the safety landscape and (ii) to create the theoretical framework for tree management in campus design. The qualitative method was chosen in this study. This study provides the guidance for the landscape architect to make the right design decision to ensure the user comfortability for safety built landscape environment.
Ascertaining the Economic Sustainability of Heritage Property Market based on Sales Transaction Analysis
Authors: Mat Zin Normayuni , Ismail Suriatini , Md. Azmi Fatin Afiqah
Published: February 2018

Increasing trend in property transactions can be used as an indicator of economic sustainability of an area. This paper has analysed the transaction volumes and prices of pre-war shophouses in four historical areas in Malaysia in order to ascertain the state of economic sustainability of the heritage property markets. Secondary data for 2004 until 2017 were obtained from governmental sources and descriptive statistical analysis was undertaken. The results show evidence of increasing trend in the price per square foot for the shophouses in all the areas suggesting that there is economic sustainability of the heritage property markets in Malaysia.
Type and doses of oral anticoagulants and adherence to anticoagulant treatment in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: the ESPARTA study
Authors: Mostaza Jose María , Suárez Fernández Carmen , Castilla Guerra Luis , Suriñach Josep Maria , Tamarit Juan José , Diaz Diaz José Luis , García Polo Iluminada , Santamaria Esther Francia , Fidalgo Fernández María Angeles , de la Guerra Acebal Carla , Dávila Ramos Meliton Francisco , Ràfols Carles
Published: February 2018

Aim:
To analyze the use of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in clinical practice.
Patients & methods:
Cross-sectional and multicenter study performed in atrial fibrillation patients ≥75 years treated with oral anticoagulants ≥3 months.
Results:
837 patients (83.0 ± 5.0 years; CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc 5.0 ± 1.4; HAS-BLED 2.1 ± 0.9; 70.8% vitamin K antagonists; 29.2% direct oral anticoagulants [DOACs]) were included. Poor adherence was observed in 27.9% of patients. Higher scores in the Pfeiffer’s test and FRAIL scale were associated with poorer adherence. Among patients treated with DOACs, 62.3% received the lower doses. Having high CHADS
2
score and being older were associated with the use of low doses.
Conclusion:
28% of patients had a poor adherence to anticoagulant treatment. 62% of patients were treated with the lower doses of DOACs.
Reality in a soft science: the metaphonology of historical reconstruction
Authors: Lass Roger
Published: February 2018

All disciplines that deal with (apparent) recovery of objects from the past are faced by a fundamental question: what is the metaphysical status of these objects? Are they realia of some kind, or are they merely epistemic objects with no substance? This could be summed up from a debate still going on in quantum physics: do quantum systems have a real existence, or are they merely devices for calculation? In this paper I sum up the advantages of having an ontology, and the disadvantages of assuming that reconstructed linguistic objects are not real. I also discuss the uniformitarian position that makes this an unproblematic claim. I also deal with the neo-Saussurean claim that reconstructed items have no reality in themselves, but solely in terms of the systems they are in; and I suggest that this position (held by Meillet and Kuryłowicz among others), is fundamentally perverse.
A Comparison of the Early Responses to AIDS in the UK and the US
Authors: Booth Samuel Hallsor
Published: February 2018

Upon its emergence in the western world in the early 1980s, AIDS marked the beginning of a new chapter in the history of communicable disease. In the early stages of the epidemic there was a distinct lack of knowledge about the causation or transmission of the disease, rendering control of the situation a practical impossibility. It was clear that AIDS necessitated a definitive response from several sectors of society. With its apparent associations with then largely marginalised groups of society, namely homosexuals and injecting drug users, virtually no aspects of the response to AIDS were free from the influence of social and political perceptions of the disease and its victims. The US and the UK have strong political and cultural links and in this essay I will compare the responses of these two nations to the AIDS epidemic at a scientific, political and community level and explore the interactions which occurred therein.
Henry Gray and John Fraser: Scottish surgeons of the Great War
Authors: Scotland Tom
Published: February 2018

Between 1914 and 1918, the British Expeditionary Force fighting in France and Flanders sustained 2.7 million battle casualties. Just over one quarter (26.1%) were never seen by the medical services. These were men who had been killed (14.2%), were missing (5.4%), or were prisoners of war (6.5%). Most of those who were missing had been killed and their bodies never recovered. Just under three-quarters of the wounded (73.9% or 1 988 969) were seen and treated by the medical services and 151 356 died.[i] The worst single day in British military history was Saturday 1 July 1916, the first day of the Battle of the Somme, when there were 57 470 casualties, of whom 20 000 were killed or died from their wounds. In nearly a quarter of a million admissions dealt with by the medical services, 58.5% of wounds were caused by high-explosive shellfire, 39% by bullets (mostly from machine guns), 2% were caused by grenades, and 0.5% from bayonets.
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI PENCEMARAN UDARA OLEH TIMBAL (Pb) PADA AREA PARKIR
Authors: Hasbiah Astri Widiyastuti
Published: February 2018

Kontribusi pencemaran udara terbesar berasal dari emisi gas buangan kendaraan bermotor. Salah satu polutan yang dikeluarkan dari proses pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor adalah timbal (Pb) yang memiliki efek berbahaya bagi manusia. Tempat parkir ruang tertutup merupakan salah satu tempat yang berpotensitercemar Pb. Alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui pencemaran Pb di udara ambien adalah dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel udara ambien di lokasi tersebut mengunakan alat High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 2 lokasi parkirtertutup dan 1 lokasi parkir terbuka sebagai pembanding. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui konsentrasi Pb di masing-masing lokasi parkir. Pengukuran kualitas udara pada penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 hari masing-masing selama 24 jam pada hari kerja. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pengabuan basah dan analisa sampel menggunakan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Hasil analisa laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kandungan timbal (Pb) pada lokasi I sebesar 4,23 µg/Nm3 ,Lokasi II 8,93 µg/Nm3danlokasi III 0,62 µg/Nm3. Kandungan timbal (pb) di lokasi I dan II tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu yang sudah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah sedangkan pada lokasi III masih memenuhi standar baku mutu. Banyaknya jumlah dan jenis kendaraan bermotor yang terparkir sangat berpengaruh terhadap besarnya pemaparan Pb di ketiga lokasi tersebut. Selain faktor tersebut ada beberapa faktor yang ikut berkontribusi terhadap besarnya pemaparan pb diantaranya yaitu jenis ruangan parkir dan ventilasi udara di lokasi parkir.
ANALISIS RESIKO BENCANA KEBAKARAN DI KOTA BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah
Published: February 2018

Kota Bukittinggi merupakan salah satu kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana kebakaran. Penyebab kebakaran yang terjadi di Kota Bukittinggi lebih banyak dipicu oleh bencana gempa bumi, faktor kesalahan manusia dan faktor cuaca. Gempa yang terjadi terkadang sering menimbulkan konslet listrik dan pada akhirnya menyebabkan kebakaran. Melihat potensi bencana yang dimiliki oleh Kota Bukittinggi, menjadikan hal tersebut sebagai isu permasalahan yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam setiap perencanaan pembangunan Kota Bukittinggi, karena bencana dalam bentuk apapun dapat terjadi kapan saja dan dimana saja. Bencana tersebut ada juga yang datang dengan didahului oleh peringatan namun ada juga yang datang secara tiba-tiba, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan bencana yang lebih sistimatis secara bersama-sama baik oleh pemerintah maupun oleh masyarakat. Berdasarkan kondisi Kota Bukittinggi yang memiliki potensi bencana, maka diperlukan studi yang dapat dijadikan masukan dalam upaya mengurangi resiko bencana.Untuk mengurangi resiko tersebut, terlebih dahulu perlu diidentifikasi wilayah-wilayah yang beresiko tinggi kebakaran. Penelitian ini mengacu pada beberapa penelitian sebelumnya dimana ada 3 (tiga) faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat resiko bencana yaitu faktor bahaya, kerentanan dan ketahanan. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu perhitungan nilai faktor dengan model standarisasi Davidson serta metode superimpose. Selain itu untuk memperoleh tingkat kepentingan faktor-faktor resiko bencana digunakan pembobotan dengan menggunakan metode proses hierarki analitik (Analytical Hierarchy Process/AHP).
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEKUATAN TARIK ORIENTASI UNIDIRECTIONAL 0 DAN 90 PADA STRUKTUR KOMPOSIT SERAT MENDONG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EPOKSI BAKELITE EPR 174
Authors: Banowati Lies , Prasetyo Wisnu Adi , Gunara Devi M
Published: February 2018

Mendong merupakan tanaman budidaya yang memiliki potensi ekonomis yang cukup baik tidak hanya sebagai produk tradisional dalam bentuk kerajinan, namun dapat dijadikan bahan baku komposit serat alam. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik mekanik komposit Mendong/Epoksi BAKELITE EPR 174, yaitu komposit dengan penguat serat mendong yang sudah dilakukan treatment alkali dan matriks Epoksi BAKELITE EPR 174. Metode manufaktur komposit menggunakan hand lay up. Pengujian kekuatan tarik spesimen komposit menggunakan ASTM D 3039/D 3039M dengan arah orientasi serat Unidirectional 0° dan 90°. Selanjutnya data hasil uji dianalisis menggunakan Distribusi Weibull untuk mengetahui keandalan komposit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai keandalan komposit Mendong/ Epoksi BAKELITE EPR 174 Unidirectional 00 pada 90% dan 50% masing-masing sebesar 20,7 MPa dan 26,8 MPa , sedangkan pada Unidirectional 900 sebesar 0,11 MPa dan 0,36 MPa.
Nuevas adiciones a la flora del Perú, VII
Authors: Galán de Mera Antonio
Published: February 2018

Palabras clave. Flora, biogeografía, fitosociología, Perú.
Contribución al conocimiento de la Flora Vascular de la Desembocadura del Río Guadalhorce y su entorno (Malaga, España).
Authors: Casimiro-Soriguer Solanas Federico , García-Sánchez José
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un catálogo florístico de la Desembocadura del Río Guadalhorce y su entorno, que engloba buena parte de la Vega de Málaga y una pequeña franja litoral desde la Desembocadura del Río Guadalhorce hasta el límite con el término municipal de Torremolinos. Toda la zona pertenece al término municipal de Málaga, la cual está fuertemente antropizada, por lo que solo se ha estudiado la flora de las zonas que aún conservan comunidades vegetales naturales. Estas comunidades son todas de carácter edafófilo o higrófilo. Se han recolectado ex profeso para este trabajo 403 pliegos de herbario depositados en el Herbario de la Universidad de Málaga (Herbario MGC). El catálogo final basado en pliegos de herbario se compone de 272 taxones, 21 de los cuales son especies alóctonas agrupadas en un catálogo aparte. Además, se incluye un breve catálogo de citas históricas con 14 taxones que no han podido comprobarse con pliegos de herbario.
Measuring Disease Severity in Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Davis Melinda F. , Scherer Katalin H. , Miller Timothy M. , Meaney F. John
Published: February 2018

Medical investigations use a wide variety of outcome indicators that are often not comparable. It can be challenging to integrate results across multiple studies that do not share a common metric. Some conditions such as Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy have a predictable course of disease progression. Severity can be inferred from a patient's medical history. This paper describes the development of a disease severity measure using common markers of disease progression. Rasch modeling was used to estimate severity using dichotomous events that indicate disease progression. Caregivers of 34 young men with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy completed structured interviews about their care and medical history. Interview questions included surgeries (tendon release, scoliosis, tracheostomy), respiratory equipment (assisted ventilation, cough assist devices), and the use of other medical equipment (e.g., braces, walkers, wheelchairs, transfer boards, hospital beds). The resulting measure had a reliability of .83. The correlation between the severity measure and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) was .68. Preliminary results and item calibrations are provided for the severity measure that can be estimated from caregiver reports or administrative data. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i1_davis
Patterns of Enrollment in Randomized and Preference Trials of Behavioral Treatments for Insomnia
Authors: Sidani Souraya , Bootzin Richard R. , Moritz Patricia , Epstein Dana R. , Miranda Joyal , Cousins Jennifer
Published: February 2018

Participants’ preferences for treatment may deter enrollment in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The Partially randomized clinical trial (PRCT) is proposed as an alternative design to increase enrollment rate and enhance representativeness of the sample. There is limited evidence supporting the advantages of the PRCT. This study aimed to examine enrollment and refusal rates, reasons for refusal, and clinical profile of persons who declined participation and those who enrolled, in the context of a RCT and a PRCT. Persons with chronic insomnia completed a questionnaire to determine if they met the eligibility criteria regarding type, frequency, and duration of insomnia. Those who declined participation indicated reasons for refusal. Enrollment rate was computed as the percentage of individuals who took part in the study out of those found eligible. Independent sample t-test was used to compare enrollees and non-enrollees on characteristics of insomnia. The results showed a higher enrollment rate in the RCT than PRCT. Reasons for refusal were similar under the RCT and PRCT. Significant differences between enrollees and non-enrollees were found on fewer characteristics in the RCT than PRCT. The results do not support the advantages of the PRCT in enhancing enrollment of participants in studies evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral treatments of chronic insomnia. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i2_sidani
Comparing the Measured and Latent Dark Triad: Are Three Measures Better than One?
Authors: Jonason Peter K. , Kavanagh Phillip S. , Webster Gregory D. , Fitzgerald Debra
Published: February 2018

Could measurement level be a factor worth considering when studying the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism)? In two studies (N  = 465), we compared the relative fit of two Dark Triad models: one that treats the three measures as separate-yet-related personality traits and another that treats the measures as tapping a single, latent construct. Mid-level personality traits, such as mate-retention strategies (Study 1) were best explained by a three-measure model, whereas the higher-order trait of sociosexuality (Study 2), were best explained by a single, latent-factor model. When considering mid-level measurement in personality, the three traits may provide independent effects for interpersonal relationships, whereas at the higher-order level, the three traits may function as a single entity relating to other higher-order traits. We suggest one should consider level of measurement between the predictor and criterion variables to better predict correlations among variables such as the Dark Triad. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v2i1_jonason
Determination of anatomic landmarks for optimal placement in captive-bolt euthanasia of goats
Authors: Plummer Paul J. , Shearer Jan K. , Kleinhenz Katie E. , Shearer Leslie C.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE To determine the optimal anatomic site and directional aim of a penetrating captive bolt (PCB) for euthanasia of goats.

SAMPLE 8 skulls from horned and polled goat cadavers and 10 anesthetized horned and polled goats scheduled to be euthanized at the end of a teaching laboratory.

PROCEDURES Sagittal sections of cadaver skulls from 8 horned and polled goats were used to determine the ideal anatomic site and aiming of a PCB to maximize damage to the midbrain region of the brainstem for euthanasia. Anatomic sites for ideal placement and directional aiming were confirmed by use of 10 anesthetized horned and polled goats.

RESULTS Clinical observation and postmortem examination of the sagittal sections of skulls from the 10 anesthetized goats that were euthanized confirmed that perpendicular placement and firing of a PCB at the intersection of 2 lines, each drawn from the lateral canthus of 1 eye to the middle of the base of the opposite ear, resulted in consistent disruption of the midbrain and thalamus in all goats. Immediate cessation of breathing, followed by a loss of heartbeat in all 10 of the anesthetized goats, confirmed that use of this site consistently resulted in effective euthanasia.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Damage to the brainstem and key adjacent structures may be accomplished by firing a PCB perpendicular to the skull over the anatomic site identified at the intersection of 2 lines, each drawn from the lateral canthus of 1 eye to the middle of the base of the opposite ear.
Use of high-field and low-field magnetic resonance imaging to describe the anatomy of the proximal portion of the tarsal region of nonlame horses
Authors: Biggi Marianna , Dyson Sue J.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE To use high-field and low-field MRI to describe the anatomy of the proximal portion of the tarsal region (proximal tarsal region) of nonlame horses.

SAMPLE 25 cadaveric equine tarsi.

PROCEDURES The proximal portion of 1 tarsus from each of 25 nonlame horses with no history of tarsal lameness underwent high-field (1.5-T) and low-field (0.27-T) MRI. Resulting images were used to subjectively describe the anatomy of that region and obtain measurements of the collateral ligaments of the tarsocrural joint.

RESULTS Long and short components of the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the tarsocrural joint were identified. Various bundles of the short collateral ligaments were difficult to delineate on low-field images. Ligaments typically had low signal intensity in all sequences; however, multiple areas of increased signal intensity were identified at specific locations in most tarsi. This signal intensity was attributed to focal magic angle effect associated with orientation of collagen fibers within the ligaments at those locations. Subchondral bone of the distal aspect of the tibia was uniform in thickness, whereas that of the medial trochlear ridge of the talus was generally thicker than that of the lateral trochlear ridge. In most tarsi, subchondral bone of the talocalcaneal joint decreased in thickness from proximal to distal.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results generated in this study can be used as a reference for interpretation of MRI images of the proximal tarsal region in horses.
Effect of a syringe aspiration technique versus a mechanical suction technique and use of N-butylscopolammonium bromide on the quantity and quality of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from horses with the summer pasture endophenotype of equine asthma
Authors: Bowser Jacquelyn E. , Costa Lais R. R. , Rodil Alba U. , Lopp Christine T. , Johnson Melanie E. , Wills Robert W. , Swiderski Cyprianna E.
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling techniques and the use of N-butylscopolammonium bromide (NBB) on the quantity and quality of BAL fluid (BALF) samples obtained from horses with the summer pasture endophenotype of equine asthma.

ANIMALS 8 horses with the summer pasture endophenotype of equine asthma.

PROCEDURES BAL was performed bilaterally (right and left lung sites) with a flexible videoendoscope passed through the left or right nasal passage. During lavage of the first lung site, a BALF sample was collected by means of either gentle syringe aspiration or mechanical suction with a pressure-regulated wall-mounted suction pump. The endoscope was then maneuvered into the contralateral lung site, and lavage was performed with the alternate fluid retrieval technique. For each horse, BAL was performed bilaterally once with and once without premedication with NBB (21-day interval). The BALF samples retrieved were evaluated for volume, total cell count, differential cell count, RBC count, and total protein concentration.

RESULTS Use of syringe aspiration significantly increased total BALF volume (mean volume increase, 40 mL [approx 7.5% yield]) and decreased total RBC count (mean decrease, 142 cells/μL), compared with use of mechanical suction. The BALF nucleated cell count and differential cell count did not differ between BAL procedures. Use of NBB had no effect on BALF retrieval.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that retrieval of BALF by syringe aspiration may increase yield and reduce barotrauma in horses at increased risk of bronchoconstriction and bronchiolar collapse. Further studies to determine the usefulness of NBB and other bronchodilators during BAL procedures in horses are warranted.
METODE SPATIAL AUTOREGRESSIVE DALAM MEMODELKAN MASYARAKAT YANG BERPERILAKU MCK DI SUNGAI
Authors: DEWI P KOMANG KOKOM SUCAHYATI , SUSILAWATI MADE , SUMARJAYA I WAYAN
Published: February 2018

Spatial autoregressive (SAR) is a model of spatial regression which assumes that autoregressive process is only for the dependent variable by considering the spatial effect. The spatial effect consists of spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. One of problems which considers spatial effect is the case of society which do public bathing, washing, and toilets facilities (PBWTF) in the river, in Blahbatuh District. The aim of this research is to obtaine the model of society which still do PBWTF in the river, in Blahbatuh Districts in 2016 and to determine the factors that influence it. In this research, we obtained the model which is able to illustrate the case of society which do PBWTF and the factors that influence it such as the amount of householde which do not have latrine and the amount of family who lives near the river in every subvillage in Blahbatuh District.

 

Keywords: SAR, Spatial Effect, and Public Bathing, Washing, and Toilets Facilities in the River.
Pharmacist-Physician Collaboration at a Family Medicine Residency Program: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Hager Keri , Murphy Courntey , Uden Don , Sick Brian
Published: February 2018

Background: In response to transforming healthcare and pursuit of the Triple Aim, many health systems have added team members to expand the capabilities and effectiveness of the team to facilitate these aims. The objective of this study was to explore knowledge and perceptions of pharmacist-physician collaboration among family medicine residents (FMR), family medicine faculty (FMF), and pharmacist faculty and residents in a practice where clinical pharmacy services were relatively new. Understanding the nuances of pharmacist-physician interactions will provide insight into how to improve FMR education to prepare learners for patient-centered, team-based practice.

Methods: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study design was used to articulate perceptions of professional roles and team-based care in an interprofessional family medicine community-based clinical practice. Five, 60-minute focus groups were conducted in a clinical training setting that focuses on preparing family medicine physicians for collaborative rural primary care practice.

Results: Twenty-one FMRs, eight FMF, and six clinical pharmacists participated. Three themes emerged from the focus groups and were consistent across the groups: 1) roles of pharmacists recognized by physicians in different settings, 2) benefits to collaboration, and 3) keys to successful pharmacist-physician collaboration which include a) developing the relationship, b) optimizing communication, c) creating beneficial clinical workflow, d) clarifying roles and responsibilities, and e) increasing opportunities for meaningful interactions.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that by co-locating physicians and pharmacists in the same environment, and providing a basic structure for collaboration, a collaborative working relationship can be initiated. Practices looking to have more effective collaborative working relationships should strive to increase the frequency of interactions of the professions, help the physicians understand the abilities of pharmacists, and help the pharmacists articulate to the physicians the value of what they provide to patients. The five keys identified in this study are building blocks to advance a successful collaborative working relationship that positively benefits patient care and achieves the Quadruple Aim.

Conflict of Interest We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties

Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB exemption granted

 

Type: Original Research
Principios para la Interpretación de los Derechos Humanos
Authors: Olano García Hemán Alejandro
Published: February 2018

Siempre se ha tenido como algo lejano poder acudir a los organismos del Sistema Interamericano en procura de la defensa de los derechos fundamentales cuando se han agotado las instancias internas. Sin embargo, nunca se ha reparado en que para poder acudir a esas instituciones, deben aplicarse criterios de interpretación que nos permitan sustentar adecuadamente las peticiones y lograr una opinión consultiva favorable a nuestros intereses.Fue Rodolfo Piza Escalante (Piza: 2003: pág 270), un antiguo magistrado de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Costa Rica y luego Presidente de la Corte lnteramericana de Derechos Humanos, quien realizó diversas y numerosas contribuciones al Derecho Internacional Humanitario.
Acción de repetición en Colombia: ¿Eficaz o Ineficaz?
Authors: Aljach Rayo Samir , Gil Ruíz Juan David , Trujillo Cerquera Edwin Alirio , Urueña Medina Oscar Humberto , Gutiérrez Trujillo Julian Camilo , Gutiérrez Hernández Luisa Fernanda , Ramírez Urazán Lina María , Zambrano Artunduaga Eliana Melissa , Sánchez Castillo Heidy Lorena , Hildebrán Perdomo José
Published: February 2018

Este trabajo producto de los resultados y del análisis de la Investigación desarrollada entre 2008 y 2009, pretende definir los factores que inciden en la ineficacia de la acción de repetición, acción que fue constituida como herramienta del derecho administrativo para reponer al erario público, el dinero pagado por condenas al Estado, con conductas dolosas o gravemente culposas de sus agentes. Fallas en su procedimiento, en la presentación y desarrollo del debate probatorio, vacíos sustanciales en la norma, e incidencia de la cultura a falta de dolientes al Estado, son algunos de los factores identificados en la investigación que determinan la falta de eficacia y el no cumplimiento de la finalidad de la acción de repetición, aspectos que se abordan en el presente estudio.
Realidad Sociojurídica del Seguro Obligatorio de Accidentes de Tránsito en Neiva (Colombia)
Authors: Garcés Prieto Camila Francesca , Guevara Silva Danny Joan , López Córdoba Fredy Hernán , Losada Vargas Héctor Fabián , Santos Zúñiga Jorge Eduardo , Cabrera Pedreros Juan Miguel , González García Tudor , Ortiz lavar Diana Marcela
Published: February 2018

En la ciudad de Neiva (Huila} se presentó durante el periodo 2005-2007 un gran número de accidentes de tránsito, en donde el seguro obligatorio de accidentes de tránsito (SOAT desempeñó un papel importante cubriendo los gastos médicos, quirúrgicos y hospitalarios; además de incapacidades permanentes, muerte, gastos funerarios, y gastos de transporte y movilización de las víctimas en la gran mayoría de estos accidentes. Pero en otros casos, la efectividad y el desempeño del SOAT no es la esperada.