bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors of recurrent pain in acute aortic dissection and in-hospital mortality
Authors: Siti Dilixiati , Abudesimu Asiya , Ma Xiaojie , Yang Lei , Ma Xiang , Ma Yi-tong
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: We investigated the prevalence of recurrent pain and its relationship with in-hospital mortality in acute aortic dissection (AAD). Patients and methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 234 AAD patients were selected. Recurrent pain was defined as a mean of VAS > 3, within 48 hours following hospital admission or before emergency operation. Patients with and without recurrent pain were divided into group I and group II, respectively into type A AAD and type B AAD patients. Our primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: The incidence of recurrent pain was 24.4 % in AAD patients. Incidence of recurrent pain was higher in type A AAD patients than type B AAD patients (48.9 vs. 9.6 %). Overall in-hospital mortality was 25.6 %. Type A AAD had a higher in-hospital mortality than type B AAD patients (47.7 vs. 12.3 %). Group I had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than group II (type A: 79.1 vs. 17.8 %; type B: 57.1 vs. 7.6 %, all P < 0.001), as was the case with medical managed patients (type A: 72.1 vs. 13.3 %; type B: 35.7 vs. 2.3 %, all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that use of one drug alone and waist pain were predictive factors for recurrent pain in type A AAD and type A AAD patients, respectively (OR 3.686, 95 % CI: 1.103~12.316, P = 0.034 and OR 14.010, 95 % CI: 2.481~79.103, P = 0.003). Recurrent pains were the risk factors (type A: OR 11.096, 95 % CI: 3.057~40.280, P < 0.001; type B: OR 14.412, 95 % CI: 3.662~56.723, P < 0.001), while invasive interventions were protective (type A: OR 0.133, 95 % CI: 0.035~0.507, P < 0.001; type B: OR 0.334, 95 % CI: 0.120~0.929, P = 0.036) for in-hospital mortality in AAD patients. Conclusions: Approximately one-fourth of AAD patients presented with recurrent pains, which might increase in-hospital mortality. Thus, interventional strategies at early stages are important.
The influence of age on valve disease in patients with varicose veins analysed by transmission electron microscopy and stereology
Authors: Mouton Wolfgang G. , Wagner Michael O. , Haenni Beat , Mouton Kim T. , Ochs Matthias , Tschanz Stefan A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the ultrastructure of venous valve morphology in patients with C2 classified chronic venous disorders according to the CEAP classification. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of 16 consecutive patients with varicose veins (C2). The mean age was 49.8 years (30–66). The (pre-) terminal valve including the vessel wall was harvested within the proximal 2 centimetres of the great saphenous vein. The mean thickness (volume-to-surface ratio = V/S ratio) of elastin, collagen, endothelium and of the entire valve was determined. A blinded morphologist performed the examination by transmission electron microscopy and stereology. Analyses by Pearson’s product moment correlation, Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rank correlation were performed to investigate whether there is a correlation between age and the ultrastructural morphology. Results: Stereological analysis of the valves demonstrated a mean V/S ratio (signifying a thickness estimation) for elastin of 0.87 μm3/μm2, for collagen of 18.0 μm3/μm2, for endothelium of 0.65 μm3/μm2, and for the entire valve of 25.2 μm³/μm². Statistical analyses showed no statistically significant correlation between age and the ultrastructural morphology in this patient group. Conclusions: The ultrastructural morphology of the venous valves in chronic venous disorders may not depend on age in patients presenting with C2 disease. This conclusion may or may not apply to all C classes as we investigated a homogenous group of patients with C2 limbs.
Exekutive Dysfunktion bei Neurofibromatose Typ 1: Welche Rolle spielt ADHS?
Authors: Katharina Denkinger Jana , Heimgärtner Magdalena , Felix Mautner Victor , Lidzba Karen
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Neurofibromatose Typ 1 (NF1) ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung, die neben physischen Beeinträchtigungen maßgeblich neuropsychologische Probleme mit sich bringt. Besonders alltagsrelevant sind hierbei exekutive Dysfunktionen. Bei 30 bis 50 % aller Kinder mit NF1 kann außerdem eine komorbide Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) diagnostiziert werden. Da exekutive Dysfunktionen als eines der Kernsymptome der ADHS gelten, wurde in der vorliegenden Studie untersucht, ob NF1-Patienten generell von exekutiven Dysfunktionen betroffen sind oder nur eine Subgruppe mit komorbider ADHS. Zudem wurde geprüft, ob sich Patienten mit reiner ADHS und Patienten mit ADHS bei NF1 in ihren exekutiven Dysfunktionen ähneln. Es zeigte sich, dass NF1-Patienten ohne ADHS in ihren exekutiven Funktionen nicht beeinträchtigt sind, eine komorbide ADHS jedoch mit exekutiven Auffälligkeiten assoziiert ist.
Informationsverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit – alter Hut oder aktuelles Konstrukt? Ein konzeptionelles Review
Authors: Baum Kathlen , Bossert Magdalena , Vetter Jan , Egle Johanna , Roesch-Ely Daniela , Weisbrod Matthias , Aschenbrenner Steffen
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das Konstrukt der Informationsverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit ist eines der ältesten Forschungsgegenstände der experimentellen Psychologie. Testverfahren zur Erfassung des Konstrukts sind in der klinischen Praxis weitverbreitet und gehören weltweit zu den am häufigsten eingesetzten neuropsychologischen Diagnostikinstrumenten. Die aktuell eingesetzten Verfahren wurden überwiegend bereits Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts entwickelt. Es stellt sich deshalb die Frage, ob Konstrukt und Verfahren für den Einsatz in der klinischen Praxis heute noch nützlich sind und ob die weite Verbreitung gerechtfertigt ist. Im vorliegenden Artikel findet deshalb zunächst eine Eingrenzung des Konstrukts statt, anschließend werden typische Testverfahren, die Alltagsrelevanz sowie die klinische Bedeutung des Konstrukts dargestellt. Abschließend werden therapeutische Optionen zur Verbesserung von Informationsverarbeitungsgeschwindigkeitsdefiziten betrachtet.
Ein zentrales pädagogisches Modell für die Praxisausbildung: „Cognitive Apprenticeship“
Authors: Küng Rosmarie , Staudacher Diana , Panfil Eva-Maria
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. In der pflegerischen Praxisausbildung ist ein pädagogisches Modell gefragt, das zwei Zielen gerecht wird: fachlich-methodische Kompetenzen aufzubauen und zugleich ein breites Spektrum an sozialen Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln. Wie die Erfahrung am Universitätsspital Zürich zeigt, erfüllt „Cognitive Apprenticeship“ in Kombination mit der Lern- und Arbeitsgemeinschaft beide Anforderungen. Zudem entspricht dieses Modell den wissenschaftlich fundierten Kriterien für „guten Unterricht“.
Simulation in der Pflegeausbildung
Authors: Feilhuber Markus
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die Entwicklung der Gesundheitsversorgung fordert von Pflegenden in komplexen Situationen professionell zu agieren. Dabei ist der Theorie-Praxis-Transfer sehr wichtig. Die Übung in der Simulation gibt den Lernenden Sicherheit in Pflegehandlungen für den klinischen Alltag. Die Entwicklung und Förderung von Pflegekompetenzen mittels der Simulation ist eine Bildungsstrategie, die versucht, Erfahrungen und Aspekte der realen Welt interaktive zu replizieren.
Macht Sport wirklich glücklich?
Authors: Jansen Petra , Hoja Sabine
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die Suche nach dem Glück ist ein gesellschaftlich hoch relevantes Thema. Dies ist einer der Gründe, warum sich die Forschung zunehmend dafür interessiert, Methoden und Programme zu finden, die glücklich machen. Ziel der Übersichtsarbeit war es, den Einfluss sportiver Interventionen auf ein eher überdauerndes Glücksempfinden systematisch zusammenzufassen. Nach einer Literaturrecherche wurden insgesamt 1099 Arbeiten zum Thema identifiziert. Nach Anwendung der Einschlusskriterien (abhängige Variable musste das Konzept „happiness“ beinhalten, es musste eine sportliche Intervention und eine Kontrollgruppe vorhanden sein) verblieben acht Arbeiten. Die untersuchten Arbeiten waren sehr heterogen bzgl. des Gesundheitszustandes der Teilnehmer_innen, des Alters und der Geschlechtsverteilung. Bei der Kontrollgruppe handelte es sich bei allen Studien um eine Wartekontrollgruppe. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass in sechs der acht Studien ein positiver Effekt einer sportlichen Intervention auf das Glücksempfinden nachgewiesen werden konnte. Weitere hypothesengeleitete Studien müssen folgen, die den Effekt einer sportiven Intervention auf das Glücksempfinden näher untersuchen.
Strukturmerkmale des Berufsfelds Sportpsychologie in der Schweiz
Authors: Seiler Roland , Blaser Marc , Stocker Eva , Jänsch Nicola
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung. Qualitativ hochstehende sportpsychologische Dienstleistungen sind für den Sport, aber auch für die Sportpsychologie als Berufsstand von entscheidender Bedeutung. Eine wichtige Komponente der Strukturqualität ist die Kenntnis der Anbieter und ihrer Qualifikation. Unser Ziel ist es, einen Beitrag zu der Diskussion zu leisten, wie strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen für die angewandte Sportpsychologie optimiert werden können. Dazu erfassten wir Strukturmerkmale und strukturnahe Prozessmerkmale am Beispiel der Sportpsychologielandschaft der Schweiz, um daraus allgemeine Empfehlungen für die Berufsverbände abzuleiten. In Anlehnung an Ehrlenspiel, Droste und Beckmann (2011) wurde eine Online-Umfrage unter den Mitgliedern der Swiss Association of Sport Psychology (SASP) durchgeführt (N = 82, Rücklauf 57.3 %). Die Antwortenden weisen unterschiedliche Aus- und Weiterbildungen auf, nur knapp ein Viertel verfügt über einen Fachtitel der FSP in Sportpsychologie. Im Durchschnitt arbeiten die Antwortenden 33 % ihrer Arbeitszeit in der Sportpsychologie; die Spannweite reicht von 0 % bis 100 %. Der größte Teil arbeitet selbstständig und generiert nur ein bescheidenes Einkommen aus der Sportpsychologie. Die Befragten nutzen Intervision, Supervision sowie Fachkongresse oder Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zum Erhalt und zur Weiterentwicklung der Kompetenz, allerdings nicht alle und nicht in sehr hohem Ausmaß. Eine höhere Zahl zertifizierter Personen erleichtert es den Berufsverbänden, die Sportpsychologie gegenüber diejenigen, die sportpsychologische Dienstleistungen in Anspruch nehmen, zu vertreten und eine strukturierte Zusammenarbeit mit den Organisationen des Sports anzustreben. Das Bewusstsein, dass kontinuierliche Fortbildung und Selbstreflexion dazu beitragen, den Berufsstand zu schützen und sich im Berufsfeld Sportpsychologie zu behaupten, muss noch steigen.
The Interannual Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Red Sea From 35 Years of Satellite and In Situ Observations
Authors: Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Jones Burton H.
Published: May 2018

Falling between the dynamics of the seasonal cycle and expressions of longer‐term trends, the interannual variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Red Sea has not received enough attention. With multiple decades of satellite SST observations with spatial resolution capable of resolving patterns of variability within the Red Sea, the time has come for a description and diagnosis of the observed interannual variability of SST in this important semienclosed sea. While interannual variability of SST occurs throughout the Red Sea in both summer and winter, the greatest variability is found in the northern Red Sea during winter. Objective analysis reveals two dominant statistical modes of interannual variability of Red Sea SST: a whole‐sea mode described by general warm or cool anomalies throughout the Red Sea (∼60% of total variance), and a meridional gradient mode of opposing SST anomalies in the northern and southern Red Sea (∼20% of total variance). The warm phase of the whole‐sea mode corresponds to warm surface air temperature anomalies extending across the broader region and local surface wind anomalies opposite to the mean low‐level circulation. The whole‐sea mode is found to be a regional response to remote forcing by the East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) pattern. The gradient mode, on the other hand, is a manifestation of superimposing (and statistically independent) remote impacts of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) whereby ENSO drives SST anomalies in the southern Red Sea and the NAO drives SST anomalies in the northern Red Sea.
Malvinas Current at 40°S–41°S: First Assessment of Temperature and Salinity Temporal Variability
Authors: Paniagua Guillermina F. , Saraceno Martin , Piola Alberto R. , Guerrero Raúl , Provost Christine , Ferrari Ramiro , Lago Loreley S. , Artana Camila I.
Published: May 2018

The temporal variability of 11 months of in situ velocity, temperature, and salinity data collected at five moorings deployed at 40°S–41°S across the shelf‐break in the Southwestern Atlantic is analyzed. Two distinct regimes characterized by strong and weak along‐slope velocities are present. During the strong regime the Malvinas Current flows northward through the moorings while during the nearly 5 months long weak regime reversals of the along‐slope velocities are frequently observed. Comparison with the previous in situ time series obtained in the same region shows that such an extended period of weak flow has not been previously observed. During the weak regime, Sub‐Antarctic Mode Water is observed over the 1,800 m isobath at an average depth of 500 m. Water masses occupying the upper 1,600 m during the strong regime deepen and shift eastward during the weak period. Satellite geostrophic velocities and sea surface temperature clearly show that the weak regime is due to a deflection to the east of the Malvinas Current, upstream of the mooring position. Analysis of the vertical structure of the currents indicate that during the weak regime the flow weakens mostly at the surface and presents a very small vertical shear. In contrast, during the strong regime currents are surface‐intensified. The change in the structure of the currents at the mooring location impacts the relationship between in situ and altimetry‐derived currents: during the weak regime altimetry adequately represents (rmsd 12 cm/s) in situ currents in the whole water column, while during strong regime rmsd are larger than 15 cm/s below 600 m depth.
Derivation of a Sigmoid Generalized Complementary Function for Evaporation With Physical Constraints
Authors: Han Songjun , Tian Fuqiang
Published: May 2018

The generalized complementary function to estimate actual evaporation, namely, the ratio of actual evaporation to Penman potential evaporation (E/EPen) as a function of the proportion of the radiation term in EPen (Erad/EPen), has been increasingly recognized. Existing analytical forms of this generalized function present deficiencies because they are limited by improper boundary conditions resulting from inadequate understanding of physical constraints. In this study, its zero‐ and first‐order boundary conditions were rigorously derived by adopting the physical constraints for E in Penman's combination theory, and a sigmoid feature of relationship between E/EPen and Erad/EPen was derived. Minimum and maximum limits of Erad/EPen were introduced based on the derived boundary conditions, and accordingly, a new sigmoid function was developed. By restricting it to be approximately equivalent to the linear advection‐aridity (Brutsaert & Stricker, 1979, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i002p00443) function under normal environments, the new sigmoid function satisfies the upper limits of Penman's open water evaporation and Priestley‐Taylor's minimal advection evaporation in parallel. The sigmoid feature and the new sigmoid function were validated by tower‐based data from FLUXNET. This work improves our understanding of the three‐stage pattern of the complementary behavior, and the new function demonstrates a favorable potential for use in evaporation estimation.
Information‐Theoretic Approach to Bidirectional Scaling
Authors: Boso Francesca , Tartakovsky Daniel M.
Published: May 2018

We present an information‐theoretic approach for integration of multiresolution data into multiscale simulations. This general framework is used to upscale and downscale equations of fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media. Fine‐scale information can comprise observational data and/or simulation results related to both system states and system parameters. It is aggregated into its coarse‐scale representation by setting a probabilistic equivalence between the two scales, with parameters that are determined via minimization of observable error and mutual information across scales. The same quantities facilitate the use of coarse‐scale data to constrain compatible fine‐scale distributions.
Raised Rims Around Titan's Sharp‐Edged Depressions
Authors: Birch S. P. D. , Hayes A. G. , Poggiali V. , Hofgartner J. D. , Lunine J. I. , Malaska M. J. , Wall S. , Lopes R. M. C. , White O.
Published: May 2018

We perform a systematic survey of Titan's sharp‐edged depressions (SEDs) using a combination of Cassini synthetic aperture radar images and delay‐Doppler processed altimetry. We identify a characteristic bright‐dark pattern around 172 SEDs that correlates with elevated features only resolved with the highest resolution topographic data. We find that ∼75% of Titan's SEDs have elevated (∼100 m) rim features, with a preference toward larger SEDs. The differences in the distribution of SED rim presence between the north and south are slight, but the data weakly suggest that northern SEDs may be more likely to have a rim. The pattern we identify in synthetic aperture radar images is similar to quasi‐specular increases in backscatter seen on Titan's dunes. We show that this bright‐dark pattern occurs due to elevated local slopes oriented perpendicular to the radar. In general, rims occur on most of Titan's SEDs, an observation that will aid in developing and testing SED formation models.
Trace Metal Enrichment Driven by Phosphate Functional Group Binding Selectivity
Authors: Zhang Ting , Fiamingo Michelle , Allen Heather C.
Published: May 2018

Trace metals have been found to be selectively enriched in the sea surface microlayer (SSML) due to association with organics, but the underlying cause of this selectivity has not been as well studied. Therefore, a systematic cation affinity study on surfactant lipids containing various functional headgroups (‐OH, ‐H2PO4, ‐COOH, ‐N(CH3)2) was conducted at pH 3 to further explain cation enrichment selectivity using Brewster angle microscopy, surface tension salt titration, and infrared‐reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). At pH 3, the headgroups chosen are neutral, and therefore the variability of surface charge on binding is eliminated. The phosphate ester headgroup was observed to exhibit the strongest trace metal binding, followed by the carboxylic acid headgroup. Hydroxy and dimethylamine headgroups did not exhibit significant trace metal binding. By applying the Langmuir‐Szyszkowski model to the surface tension data, the cation surface binding affinities for phosphatidic acid were determined, with Al3+ > Fe3+ > Zn2+> Mg2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+∼ Ca2+, an order not predicted from bulk properties such as solid formation constants of metal‐phosphonates. Thus cation binding to surface active organic molecules with phosphate ester headgroups is indicated to be a significant source of trace metal enrichment within the SSML.
Summer Intraseasonal Surface Heat Flux‐Sea Surface Temperature Relationship Over Northern Tropical Indo‐Western Pacific in Climate Models
Authors: Wu Renguang , You Ting
Published: May 2018

The present study documents the relationship between intraseasonal net surface heat flux (NHF, positive for downward flux) and sea surface temperature (SST) variations over the North Indian Ocean and tropical western North Pacific during May through September in climate models. A distinct NHF‐SST relationship is identified in the NCC.NorESM1‐M model. NHF has a weak correlation with the SST tendency but a large negative correlation with SST in the NCC.NorESM1‐M model, whereas NHF has a large positive correlation with the SST tendency and a weak correlation with SST in observations and some other climate models. The sea‐air humidity difference has a dominant contribution to latent heat flux variations in relation to a bias toward larger mean wind speed in the NCC.NorESM1‐M model. In contrast, surface wind speed overcomes the sea‐air humidity difference in contributing to latent heat flux variations due to a bias toward larger mean sea‐air humidity difference in the INM.inmcm4 model. Detailed analysis reveals different processes in intraseasonal SST variations in the South China Sea between the INM.inmcm4 and NCC.NorESM1‐M models. In the INM.inmcm4 model, atmosphere‐induced shortwave radiation and latent heat flux have a main contribution to the SST change. In the NCC.NorESM1‐M model, the SST change is mainly due to oceanic processes. The ocean‐induced positive SST anomalies increase evaporation and surface air humidity. This destabilizes the atmospheric boundary layer in favor of convection and reduced downward shortwave radiation. NHF has a damping effect on the SST change.
Microspectroscopic and Petrographic Comparison of Experimentally Shocked Albite, Andesine, and Bytownite
Authors: Jaret Steven J. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Sims Melissa , DiFrancesco Nicholas , Glotch Timothy D.
Published: May 2018

Plagioclase feldspars are common on the surfaces of planetary objects in the solar system such as the Moon and Mars, and in meteorites. Understanding their response to shock deformation is important for interpretations of data from remote sensing, returned samples, and naturally shocked samples from impact craters. We used optical petrography, micro‐Raman, and micro–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to systematically document vibrational spectral differences related to structural changes in experimentally shocked (0–56 GPa) albite‐, andesine‐, and bytownite‐rich rocks as a function of pressure and composition. Across all techniques, the specific composition of feldspars was confirmed to affect shock deformation, where more Ca‐rich feldspars transform to an amorphous phase at lower shock conditions than more Na‐rich feldspars. Onset of amorphization occurs at ~50 GPa for albite, between 28 and 30 GPa for andesine, and between 25 and 27 GPa for bytownite. Complete amorphization occurred at pressures greater than ~55 GPa for albite, ~47 GPa for andesine, and ~38 GPa for bytownite. Petrographically, these experimentally shocked samples do not exhibit the planar microstructures common in naturally shocked plagioclase, despite showing the expected trends of internal disordering and deformation as seen in the micro‐Raman and infrared spectra. Average spectra of hyperspectral images of these samples mimic macroscale measurements acquired previously. However, we see micro‐scale heterogeneity in the shock response, resulting from variations in either composition, crystal orientation, or the inherent heterogeneity of the shock wave topology. This is an important factor to consider when deducing shock pressures in naturally shocked samples.
Numerical Convergence of Shallow Convection Cloud Field Simulations: Comparison Between Double‐Moment Eulerian and Particle‐Based Lagrangian Microphysics Coupled to the Same Dynamical Core
Authors: Sato Yousuke , Shima Shin‐ichiro , Tomita Hirofumi
Published: May 2018

The sensitivity of simulated nonprecipitating cumulus clouds to grid length was investigated using a large‐eddy simulation model coupled to a particle‐based Lagrangian cloud microphysical model (LCM) and an Eulerian cloud microphysical model (ECM). For the sensitivity experiment, the horizontal/vertical grid length was decreased from 100/80 m to 6.25/5 m. The results of the sensitivity experiment indicated a similar dependency of cloud cover (CC) on the grid length in the LCM and ECM, which is critical for the radiative properties of clouds. CC increased with a shorter grid length, and numerically converged with a horizontal/vertical grid length of 12.5/10 m, although the three‐dimensional cloud field and turbulence properties in the cloud layer did not numerically converge and the cloud fields simulated by the LCM and ECM differed. The dependency of CC on grid length originated from the dependency of the turbulence structure in the subcloud layer. Roll convection was clearly simulated in the subcloud layer using a short grid length, but it was gradually obscured with increasing grid length. With a long grid length, the shear production term of turbulent kinetic energy near the surface, which is critical for dominating roll convection, was not simulated because of insufficient vertical layers near the surface. On the other hand, with a short grid length, the number of layers close to the surface was sufficient to reproduce the shear production term, and roll convection was clearly reproduced.
Active Bending‐Moment Faulting: Geomorphic Expression, Controlling Conditions, Accommodation of Fold Deformation
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Jie , Thompson Jobe Jessica A. , Burbank Douglas W. , Cheng Xiaogan , Xu Jianhong , Li Zhigang , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen
Published: May 2018

Bending‐moment faults and flexural‐slip faults (FSFs), as two basic fault styles due to bending‐related tangential longitudinal strain, extensively and prominently crop out as surface scarps in the Pamir‐western Kunlun and southern Tian Shan regions, northwestern China. Characteristic geomorphic expression, favorable formation conditions, and the role in folding accommodation of active FSFs have been systematically summarized in our recent studies. Here we investigate similar properties for well‐developed bending‐moment normal fault (BMnF) scarps at four sites. Our study concludes the following: (i) BMnF scarps are relatively sinuous compared to FSF scarps and probably trend obliquely to the fold hinge. A group of BMnF scarps can delineate a single asymmetric graben or create grabens alternating with horsts. (ii) BMnF scarps primarily overlie poorly‐layered conglomerates. The fold's interlimb angle can range from ~160° to <40°, and the folding kinematics can vary from active‐hinge migration to fixed‐hinge rotation. (iii) The fault‐zone width, fault spacing, and efficiency in folding accommodation significantly decrease with (a) thinner conglomerate beds, (b) a smaller interlimb angle, and (c) the transition of the hinge from migrated to fixed. (iv) Different bed lithologies and fold geometries beneath the surface account for the predominance of BMnF scarps on the western Kunlun piedmont and FSF scarps in the Pamir‐Tian Shan convergent zone. (v) Presence of BMnF scarps on the western Kunlun piedmont indicates that ~4 km of fault slip is transferred northward along a detachment at the base of the Cenozoic and is ultimately absorbed by the Mazatagh Thrust in the Tarim Basin.
Metabolic patterns in insulin-sensitive male hypogonadism
Authors: Fanelli Giuseppina , Gevi Federica , Belardo Antonio , Zolla Lello
Published: May 2018

Male hypogonadism is a disorder characterised by low levels of the hormone testosterone. At beginning subjects with low levels of testosterone do not show insulin resistance (insulin-sensitive patients), which develops over time (insulin-resistance patients). To analyse the metabolic alterations mainly related to decreased testosterone, we performed metabolomics investigations on the plasma of males with hypogonadism who showed normal insulin levels. Plasma from patients with low testosterone (<8 nmol/l) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin-resistance-index (HOMAi) < 2.5, as well as matched controls, was analysed by UHPLC and mass spectrometry. Then metabolites were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis and grouped by metabolic pathways. Glycolysis was not altered, as expected for the presence of insulin activity, but imbalances in several other pathways were found, such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glycerol shuttle, malate shuttle, Krebs cycle (TCA) and lipid metabolism. The PPP was significantly upregulated. Moreover, while the first steps of the Krebs cycle were downregulated, 2-oxoglutarate was replenished via glutaminolysis. Since glutaminolysis leads to an activation of the malate aspartate cycle, greater amounts of NADH and ATP with respect to the control were recorded. The activation of the glycerol shuttle was also recorded, with consequent lower triglyceride production and downregulation of beta-oxidation. This explained the moderately increased dyslipidaemia, as well as the mild increase in body mass index (BMI) observed in insulin-sensitive hypogonadism. Finally, a significant decrease in carnosine was recorded, explaining the muscle weakness commonly observed.
MiR-142-3p is downregulated in aggressive p53 mutant mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by hypermethylation of its locus
Authors: Godfrey Jack D. , Morton Jennifer P. , Wilczynska Ania , Sansom Owen J. , Bushell Martin D.
Published: May 2018

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive disease with poor prognostic implications. This is partly due to a large proportion of PDACs carrying mutations in TP53, which impart gain-of-function characteristics that promote metastasis. There is evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) may play a role in both gain-of-function TP53 mutations and metastasis, but this has not been fully explored in PDAC. Here we set out to identify miRNAs which are specifically dysregulated in metastatic PDAC. To achieve this, we utilised established mouse models of PDAC to profile miRNA expression in primary tumours expressing the metastasis-inducing mutant p53R172H and compared these to two control models carrying mutations, which promote tumour progression but do not induce metastasis. We show that a subset of miRNAs are dysregulated in mouse PDAC tumour tissues expressing mutant p53R172H, primary cell lines derived from mice with the same mutations and in TP53 null cells with ectopic expression of the orthologous human mutation, p53R175H. Specifically, miR-142-3p is downregulated in all of these experimental models. We found that DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) is upregulated in tumour tissue and cell lines, which express p53R172H. Inhibition or depletion of Dnmt1 restores miR-142-3p expression. Overexpression of miR-142-3p attenuates the invasive capacity of p53R172H-expressing tumour cells. MiR-142-3p dysregulation is known to be associated with cancer progression, metastasis and the miRNA is downregulated in patients with PDAC. Here we link TP53 gain-of-function mutations to Dnmt1 expression and in turn miR-142-3p expression. Additionally, we show a correlation between expression of these genes and patient survival, suggesting that they may have potential to be therapeutic targets.
The kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 is required for inflammasome activation induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Tao Liang , Lin Hongfa , Wen Jingjing , Sun Qi , Gao Yan , Xu Xi , Wang Junsong , Zhang Jianfa , Weng Dan
Published: May 2018

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the development and progression of many chronic inflammatory diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. ER stress has been reported to induce inflammasome activation and release of mature IL-1β, which contributes to many inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanisms that activate the inflammasome during ER stress are still poorly understood. Here we report that the kinase receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) plays an important role in ER stress-induced activation of inflammasome. Inhibition of RIP1 kinase activity by Necrostatin-1 or siRNA-mediated RIP1 knockdown significantly reduced ER stress-induced caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion in both bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and J774A.1 macrophages. We speculate that the mitochondria fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might function as the effectors downstream of RIP1 to mediate inflammasome activation. Our study reveals a critical role for RIP1 in regulating ER stress-induced inflammation responses, and proposes RIP1 as a potential pharmaceutical target to treat diseases resulting from unresolved ER stress-related inflammation.
miR-550a-3-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and reverses BRAF inhibitor resistance through the direct targeting of YAP
Authors: Choe Min Ho , Yoon Yina , Kim Joon , Hwang Sang-Gu , Han Young-Hoon , Kim Jae-Sung
Published: May 2018

Although evidence has emerged to suggest that YAP overexpression is a crucial factor for tumor progression and resistance to targeted drugs in multiple cancers, the miRNA-mediated YAP regulation is still unclear. Here we show that the novel miR-550a-3-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and reverses BRAF inhibitor resistance through the direct targeting of YAP. Our data showed that the miR-550a-3-5p suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis, and tumor sphere formation through the direct inhibition of YAP and its oncogenic pathway in various cancer cell types. In addition, we showed that the YAP signature was associated with poor survival of colon cancer and identified an inverse correlation between miR-550a-3-5p and YAP in colon cancer tissues. Interestingly, this inverse correlation was regulated in a density-dependent manner. Furthermore, high levels of miR-550a-3-5p were associated with a good prognosis of esophageal cancer, which was suggestive of the clinical relevance of miR-550a-3-5p-mediated YAP regulation in multiple cancers. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-550a-3-5p treatment sensitized vemurafenib-resistant colon and melanoma cells through YAP inhibition with reduced AKT activity. Moreover, the tumor-suppressive activity of miR-550a-3-5p and its sensitization effect for vemurafenib resistance were also observed in tumor xenograft models. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-550a-3-5p acts as a tumor suppressor through the targeting of oncogenic YAP and may be a new therapeutic tool for YAP-mediated BRAF inhibitor resistance in BRAF-mutant cancer cells.
Publisher Correction: Re-analysis of public genetic data reveals a rare X-chromosomal variant associated with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bonàs-Guarch Sílvia , Guindo-Martínez Marta , Miguel-Escalada Irene , Grarup Niels , Sebastian David , Rodriguez-Fos Elias , Sánchez Friman , Planas-Fèlix Mercè , Cortes-Sánchez Paula , González Santi , Timshel Pascal , Pers Tune H. , Morgan Claire C. , Moran Ignasi , Atla Goutham , González Juan R. , Puiggros Montserrat , Martí Jonathan , Andersson Ehm A. , Díaz Carlos , Badia Rosa M. , Udler Miriam , Leong Aaron , Kaur Varindepal , Flannick Jason , Jørgensen Torben , Linneberg Allan , Jørgensen Marit E. , Witte Daniel R. , Christensen Cramer , Brandslund Ivan , Appel Emil V. , Scott Robert A. , Luan Jian’an , Langenberg Claudia , Wareham Nicholas J. , Pedersen Oluf , Zorzano Antonio , Florez Jose C , Hansen Torben , Ferrer Jorge , Mercader Josep Maria , Torrents David
Published: May 2018

In the originally published version of this Article, the affiliation details for Santi González, Jian’an Luan and Claudia Langenberg were inadvertently omitted. Santi González should have been affiliated with 'Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08034 Barcelona, Spain’, and Jian’an Luan and Claudia Langenberg should have been affiliated with ‘MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK’. Furthermore, the abstract contained an error in the SNP ID for the rare variant in chromosome Xq23, which was incorrectly given as rs146662057 and should have been rs146662075. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Double quantum criticality in superconducting tin arrays-graphene hybrid
Authors: Sun Yinbo , Xiao Hong , Zhang Miao , Xue Zhongying , Mei Yongfeng , Xie Xiaoming , Hu Tao , Di Zengfeng , Wang Xi
Published: May 2018

Two magnetic-field-induced quantum critical behaviors were recently discovered in two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interface and interpreted by disordered superconducting puddles coupled through 2DEG. In this scenario, the 2DEG is proposed to undergo a spontaneous phase separation and breaks up into locally superconducting puddles in a metallic matrix. However, as the inhomogeneous superconducting 2DEG is only illative, this proposal still lacks the direct experimental demonstration. Here, we artificially construct superconducting puddles-2DEG hybrid system by depositing tin nanoislands array on single crystalline monolayer graphene, where the two quantum critical behaviors are reproduced. Through the finite-size scaling analysis on magnetoresistivity, we show that the two quantum critical behaviors result from the intra-island and inter-island phase coherence, respectively, which are further illustrated by the phase diagram. This work provides a platform to study superconducting quantum phase transitions in a 2D system and helps to integrate superconducting devices into semiconductor technology.
Live cyanobacteria produce photocurrent and hydrogen using both the respiratory and photosynthetic systems
Authors: Saper Gadiel , Kallmann Dan , Conzuelo Felipe , Zhao Fangyuan , Tóth Tünde N. , Liveanu Varda , Meir Sagit , Szymanski Jedrzej , Aharoni Asaph , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Rothschild Avner , Schuster Gadi , Adir Noam
Published: May 2018

Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms perform solar energy conversion of water and CO2 to O2 and sugar at a broad range of wavelengths and light intensities. These cells also metabolize sugars using a respiratory system that functionally overlaps the photosynthetic apparatus. In this study, we describe the harvesting of photocurrent used for hydrogen production from live cyanobacteria. A non-harmful gentle physical treatment of the cyanobacterial cells enables light-driven electron transfer by an endogenous mediator to a graphite electrode in a bio-photoelectrochemical cell, without the addition of sacrificial electron donors or acceptors. We show that the photocurrent is derived from photosystem I and that the electrons originate from carbohydrates digested by the respiratory system. Finally, the current is utilized for hydrogen evolution on the cathode at a bias of 0.65 V. Taken together, we present a bio-photoelectrochemical system where live cyanobacteria produce stable photocurrent that can generate hydrogen.
Cotransporter-mediated water transport underlying cerebrospinal fluid formation
Authors: Steffensen Annette B. , Oernbo Eva K. , Stoica Anca , Gerkau Niklas J. , Barbuskaite Dagne , Tritsaris Katerina , Rose Christine R. , MacAulay Nanna
Published: May 2018

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production occurs at a rate of 500 ml per day in the adult human. Conventional osmotic forces do not suffice to support such production rate and the molecular mechanisms underlying this fluid production remain elusive. Using ex vivo choroid plexus live imaging and isotope flux in combination with in vivo CSF production determination in mice, we identify a key component in the CSF production machinery. The Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) expressed in the luminal membrane of choroid plexus contributes approximately half of the CSF production, via its unusual outward transport direction and its unique ability to directly couple water transport to ion translocation. We thereby establish the concept of cotransport of water as a missing link in the search for molecular pathways sustaining CSF production and redefine the current model of this pivotal physiological process. Our results provide a rational pharmacological target for pathologies involving disturbed brain fluid dynamics.
Facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Robinson Hayley , Williams Veronika , Curtis Ffion , Bridle Christopher , Jones Arwel W.
Published: May 2018

Pulmonary rehabilitation has short-term benefits on dyspnea, exercise capacity and quality of life in COPD, but evidence suggests these do not always translate to increased daily physical activity on a patient level. This is attributed to a limited understanding of the determinants of physical activity maintenance following pulmonary rehabilitation. This systematic review of qualitative research was conducted to understand COPD patients’ perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation. Electronic databases of published data, non-published data, and trial registers were searched to identify qualitative studies (interviews, focus groups) reporting the facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD. Thematic synthesis of qualitative data was adopted involving line-by-line coding of the findings of the included studies, development of descriptive themes, and generation of analytical themes. Fourteen studies including 167 COPD patients met the inclusion criteria. Seven sub-themes were identified as influential to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation. These included: intentions, self-efficacy, feedback of capabilities and improvements, relationship with health care professionals, peer interaction, opportunities following pulmonary rehabilitation and routine. These encapsulated the facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation and were identified as sub-themes within the three analytical themes, which were beliefs, social support, and the environment. The findings highlight the challenge of promoting physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD and provide complementary evidence to aid evaluations of interventions already attempted in this area, but also adds insight into future development of interventions targeting physical activity maintenance in COPD.
Cytosolic Genomic DNA functions as a Natural Antisense
Authors: Asada Ken , Ito Keiya , Yui Daishi , Tagaya Hirokuni , Yokota Takanori
Published: May 2018

Stress conditions such as UV irradiation, exposure to genotoxic agents, stalled DNA replication, and even tumors trigger the release of cytosolic genomic DNA (cgDNA). Classically, cgDNA induces interferon response via its binding to proteins such as STING. In this study, we found previously reported cgDNA (cg721) exists in the cytosol of the mouse cell lines, cultured under no stress conditions. The overexpression of cg721 suppressed the complementary RNA expression using strand selection and knockdown of DNA/RNA hybrid R-loop removing enzyme RNase H and three prime repair exonuclease 1 TREX1 increased the expression levels of cg721 and thus, inhibited the target Naa40 transcript, as well as protein expression, with a phenotypic effect. In addition, cgDNA was incorporated into extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the EV-derived cg721 inhibited gene expression of the acceptor cells. Thus, our findings suggest that cg721 functions as a natural antisense DNA and play a role in cell-to-cell gene regulation once it secreted outside the cell as EVs.
Prognostic relevance of hemodialysis for short-term survival in patients after LVAD implantation
Authors: Schmack Bastian , Grossekettler Leonie , Weymann Alexander , Schamroth Joel , Sabashnikov Anton , Raake Philip W. , Popov Aron F. , Mansur Ashham , Karck Matthias , Schwenger Vedat , Ruhparwar Arjang
Published: May 2018

End-stage heart failure (HF) is associated with renal failure (RF). This study aimed to determine the prognostic influence of RF and post-operative hemodialysis on short-term survival following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This retrospective study includes 68 patients undergoing LVAD treatment. Kidney function was recorded prior to LVAD implantation, immediately afterwards and after 30 days, noting the need for hemodialysis. Median pre-operative Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) classification was 3.47 ± 1.08. 30 days after implantation there was a significant improvement of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and reduction of blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Of pre-operative RF parameters, BUN was associated with increased mortality and need for early post-operative hemodialysis. Post-operative hemodialysis was associated with significantly lower short-term survival, while pre-operative hemodialysis did not impact mortality. Post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis can be regarded as a strong negative prognostic marker for short-term survival. The absence of a clear correlation between most routine RF parameters and survival or the need for early post-operative hemodialysis calls into question the predictive value of pre-operative RF. The negative association of only post-operative hemodialysis on short-term survival emphasises the impact of the occurrence of AKI.
Toxic effects of selected proprietary dry eye drops on Acanthamoeba
Authors: Sifaoui Ines , Reyes-Batlle María , López-Arencibia Atteneri , Chiboub Olfa , Rodríguez-Martín Javier , Rocha-Cabrera Pedro , Valladares Basilio , Piñero José E. , Lorenzo-Morales Jacob
Published: May 2018

Amoebae of the genusAcanthamoebaare ubiquitous protists that have been isolated from many sources such as soils, water and the air. They are responsible for infections including fatal encephalitis and a severe keratitis in humans. To date, there is no satisfactorily effective therapeutic agent against this pathogen and the infections it causes are exacerbated by the existence of a resistant cyst stage produced by this amoeba. As dry eye syndrome is a risk factor forAcanthamoebakeratitis, we aimed to evaluate the anti-Acanthamoebaactivity of a variety of proprietary eye drops intended to treat dry eye syndrome. From the nine eye drop formulations tested, “Systane Ultra” was determined to be the most active against all testedAcanthamoebastrains. During our investigations into the mode of action of Systane Ultra, we discovered that it decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, induces chromatin condensation, and increases the permeability of the plasma-membrane.
Exploring oxygen-affinity-controlled TaN electrodes for thermally advanced TaOx bipolar resistive switching
Authors: Kim Taeyoon , Baek Gwangho , Yang Seungmo , Yang Jung Yup , Yoon Kap Soo , Kim Soo Gil , Lee Jae Yeon , Im Hyun Sik , Hong Jin Pyo
Published: May 2018

Recent advances in oxide-based resistive switching devices have made these devices very promising candidates for future nonvolatile memory applications. However, several key issues remain that affect resistive switching. One is the need for generic alternative electrodes with thermally robust resistive switching characteristics in as-grown and high-temperature annealed states. Here, we studied the electrical characteristics of Ta2O5−xoxide-based bipolar resistive frames for various TaNxbottoms. Control of the nitrogen content of the TaNxelectrode is a key factor that governs variations in its oxygen affinity and structural phase. We analyzed the composition and chemical bonding states of as-grown and annealed Ta2O5−xand TaNxlayers and characterized the TaNxelectrode-dependent switching behavior in terms of the electrode’s oxygen affinity. Our experimental findings can aid the development of advanced resistive switching devices with thermal stability up to 400 °C.