bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mimicking the extracellular world: from natural to fully synthetic matrices utilizing supramolecular biomaterials
Authors: Rijns Laura , Rutten Martin G. T. A. , Vrehen Annika F. , Aldana Ana A. , Baker Matthew B. , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: July 2024

Different extracellular matrix mimicking hydrogels exist, ranging from fully natural to synthetic to hybrid versions. Herein, supramolecular hydrogels are emerging due to their inherent dynamics, modularity and orthogonal control over properties.
Synthesis of α-ketoamides via oxidative amidation of diazo compounds with O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as nitrogen source and the oxidant
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Zhang Xinyin , Wang Xinyu , Zhang EnXuan , Wang Zu-Li , Jia Jianfeng
Published: July 2024

An efficient method for the construction of an array of α-ketoamides has been described from readily available O-benzoyl hydroxylamines and diazo compounds as starting materials by the combined use of CuI as a catalyst and H2O as oxygen source.
Synthesis of polyurethanes through the oxidative decarboxylation of oxamic acids: a new gateway toward self-blown foams
Authors: Jaussaud Quentin , Ogbu Ikechukwu Martin , Pawar Govind Goroba , Grau Etienne , Robert Frédéric , Vidil Thomas , Landais Yannick , Cramail Henri
Published: July 2024

The thermal activation of oxamic acids, using a hypervalent iodine, leads to the in situ generation of isocyanates and CO2, precursors of self-blown polyurethane foams.
A versatile fluorinated azamacrocyclic chelator enabling 18F PET or 19F MRI: a first step towards new multimodal and smart contrast agents
Authors: Sire Charline , Meneyrol Vincent , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Terreno Enzo , Garello Francesca , Tei Lorenzo , Jestin Emmanuelle , Tripier Raphaël , Troadec Thibault
Published: July 2024

A new trifluoroborate-appended macrocyclic chelator presents suitable 19F MRI signal and late-stage 18F-radiolabeling, paving the way for the design of novel theranostic and smart imaging agents.
Deciphering charge transfer dynamics of a lead halide perovskite–nickel(ii) complex for visible light photoredox C–N coupling
Authors: Kumar Vishesh , Patel Sunil Kumar , Vyas Ved , Kumar Deepak , Subramaniam Iyer E. Siva , Indra Arindam
Published: July 2024

The introduction of Ni(dmgH)2 as a cocatalyst with CsPbBr3 quantum dots facilitates the activation of molecular oxygen to superoxide radical, initiating radical catalyzed C–N coupling between aldehyde and amine to form amide.
Massive acceleration of SN2 reaction using the oriented external electric field
Authors: Tang Chun , Su Meiling , Lu Taige , Zheng Jueting , Wang Juejun , Zhou Yu , Zou Yu-Ling , Liu Wenqing , Huang Ruiyun , Xu Wei , Chen Lijue , Zhang Yanxi , Bai Jie , Yang Yang , Shi Jia , Liu Junyang , Hong Wenjing
Published: July 2024

The SN2 reaction, typically enhanced by polar solvents, can be accelerated using external electric fields within nanogaps in non-polar solvents.
Construction of axially chiral molecules enabled by photoinduced enantioselective reactions
Authors: Zhang Zhaofei , Dai Lei
Published: July 2024

An overview of the recent advances in the photoinduced construction of axially chiral compounds was presented.
Biomimetic total synthesis of the reported structure of (+)-selaginedorffone B
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Jana Debgopal , Mandal Nilangshu , Mondal Ayan , Murmu Ranjit , Roy Nanda Kishore , Datta Ayan , Bisai Alakesh
Published: July 2024

The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-selaginedorffone B (2) on a gram scale has been accomplished from two modified abietane diterpenoids, diene 3 and dienophile 4, through a key intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction.
Optimized gadolinium-DO3A loading in RAFT-polymerized copolymers for superior MR imaging of aging blood–brain barrier
Authors: Miller Hunter A. , Priester Aaron , Curtis Evan T. , Hilmas Krista , Abbott Ashleigh , Kievit Forrest M. , Convertine Anthony J.
Published: July 2024

This study reports the synthesis of gadolinium-loaded RAFT-polymerized copolymers for enhanced MR imaging of the aging blood–brain barrier. The optimized copolymers demonstrate superior relaxivity properties, facilitating targeted MRI diagnostics.
Carbon quantum dots-embedded reduced graphene oxide compact films for highly pressure-tolerant electrodes
Authors: Lin Dou , Zhou Ziyan , Shi Ronghao , Chen Bin , Huang Zhulin , Tang Haibin , Wang Jun , Zhu Xiaoguang , Shao Cheng , Han Fangming
Published: July 2024

Uniform CQD-embedded rGO films were made through hydrothermal reaction and vacuum filtration. CQDs boost ion transport and compressive strength. Remarkably, the films retain 81.2% capacitance under ultrahigh pressure (360 MPa).
Anti-swelling and photoresponsive MXene-based polyampholyte hydrogel sensors for underwater positioning and urban waterlogging pre-warning
Authors: Sun Yuanna , Du Ying , Zhang Yu , Yang Jie , Liu Jiahao , Tian Ruobing , Wang Junbo , Li Qingshan , He Xinhai , Fu Jun
Published: July 2024

Based on the excellent anti-swelling behavior of the polyampholyte hydrogel, a monitoring system is constructed for underwater communication and urban waterlogging pre-warning.
Mechanistic insights into the origin of the oxygen migration barrier
Authors: Vivona Daniele , Gordiz Kiarash , Meyer Randall , Raman Sumathy , Shao-Horn Yang
Published: July 2024

Electronic structure signatures of oxygen ion migration highlight new fundamental descriptors of the oxygen migration barrier based on the electronic structure of the local chemical environment.
Lead-free hybrid piezoelectric ceramic stack for both potent and temperature-stable piezoelectricity
Authors: Park Kyu-Hyun , Lee Min-Ku , Kim Byung-Hoon , Baek Changyeon , Lee Gyoung-Ja
Published: July 2024

A novel lead-free hybrid piezoelectric ceramic stack provides high-performance and temperature-stable piezoelectric properties with a 4.7% variation up to 300 °C.
Quorum sensing inhibiting dihydropyrrol-2-ones embedded polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposite waterborne antimicrobial coatings
Authors: Chen Renxun , Maslekar Namrata , Chakraborty Sudip , Dinh Le N. M. , Yao Yin , Zetterlund Per B. , Kumar Naresh , Agarwal Vipul
Published: July 2024

This work reports the fabrication of nanocomposite antimicrobial films loaded with quorum sensing inhibiting compounds exhibiting maximum ~7log10 reduction in bacterial cell viability highlighting the role of preparation strategy in microbial coatings.
Deciphering the carrier dynamics enhancement in WO3-containing composites: an ultrafast transient reflectance investigation
Authors: Zhang Haijuan , Jiang Tianxiang , Zhan Meiqiong , Li Haiping , Lu Faming
Published: July 2024

Femtosecond transient reflectance analysis suggests that the hole-filling effect due to Li intercalation and the passivation of oxygen vacancies by FeOOH jointly contribute to the significantly extended carrier lifetimes in FeOOH/Li0.1WO3.
Fine control of Ce doped CH3NH3PbBr3 to modulate photoluminescence and carrier characteristics for application in photoconductive photodetectors
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Shi Chao , Guang Dongxu , Yao Lijuan , Li Bobo , Fang Xuan , Qiu Mingxia , Wu Dan , Han Peigang
Published: July 2024

Finely tunable amounts of Ce3+ ions into MAPbBr3 can improve the opto-electronic properties of photodetector.
Using WPCA and EWMA Control Chart to Construct a Network Intrusion Detection Model
Authors: Tsai Ying-Ti , Wang Chung-Ho , Chang Yung-Chia , Tong Lee-Ing
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence algorithms and big data analysis methods are commonly employed in network intrusion detection systems. However, challenges such as unbalanced data and unknown network intrusion modes can influence the effectiveness of these methods. Moreover, the information personnel of most enterprises lack specialized knowledge of information security. Thus, a simple and effective model for detecting abnormal behaviors may be more practical for information personnel than attempting to identify network intrusion modes. This study develops a network intrusion detection model by integrating weighted principal component analysis into an exponentially weighted moving average control chart. The proposed method assists information personnel in easily determining whether a network intrusion event has occurred. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated using simulated examples.
Prise en charge des douleurs chirurgicales et protocoles anesthésiques
Authors: Masset Nicolas , Herry Vincent
Published: July 2024

Les douleurs chirurgicales sont les plus faciles à appréhender pour le praticien car leurs prises en charge peuvent être anticipées et adaptées à l’intensité des stimuli nociceptifs induits par l’acte chirurgical.

Un protocole multimodal de la gestion de douleur est préconisé associant une anesthésie locale ou loco-régionale à l’administration systémique d’analgésiques ou de sédatifs.

Cette approche permet à la fois une prise en charge de la douleur aiguë de la phase opératoire et de la douleur post-opératoire.
Der Kiesler-Kreis im Rahmen der CBASP-Therapie
Authors: Moser Esther , Kittmann Daniela
Published: July 2024

Psychische Erkrankungen gehen oft einher mit problematischen zwischenmenschlichen Verhaltensmustern – vor allem bei Patient*innen mit einer chronischen Depression 1. Im Rahmen der CBASP-Therapie werden diese Verhaltensmuster unter anderem mithilfe des Kiesler-Kreises aufgedeckt und bearbeitet. Wie das im Stationsalltag aussehen kann, erfahren Sie im Interventionskoffer.
Maßnahmen bei aggressivem Verhalten in der Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Dörler Claudia , Renz Andrea
Published: July 2024

Für das Betreuungspersonal im stationären jugendpsychiatrischen Setting ist es zentral, während eines Aggressionsereignisses handlungsfähig zu bleiben. Um auf aggressives Verhalten wirkungsvoll reagieren zu können, sind Maßnahmen gefragt, die spezifisch auf die Jugendlichen, die Situation und das Setting zugeschnitten sind.
Advances and challenges in endoscopy training: A mixed methods study among endoscopy trainers in the Netherlands
Authors: Mousset Robert A , Diemers Agnes , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H , Pierie Jean-Pierre E.N. , Langers Alexandra M.J. , Brand Paul L.P.
Published: July 2024

Background and study aims Variation between trainers in providing
traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy training, in which residents learn endoscopy by doing
under the supervision of endoscopy trainers, may cause differences in endoscopy competence
between residents. In this study, we explored endoscopy trainers’ views on the current status
and desired future best practices regarding endoscopy training.

Methods This mixed-methods study comprised quantitative survey
data collected from 158 endoscopy trainers working in 26 gastroenterology teaching hospitals
in the Netherlands and semi-structured interviews with 15 gastroenterology residency
(associate) program directors (PDs). Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics
and interview results with thematic analysis.

Results There was considerable variability in endoscopy training
practices between teaching hospitals in the structure of endoscopy supervision, criteria used
to determine the level of supervision, and participation of trainers in endoscopy teaching
courses. Interview participants agreed that an endoscopy training supervisor requires several
teaching strategies, highlighting the importance of formal education in endoscopy teaching.
Interview participants perceived self-regulated learning strategies as essential for residents
to learn endoscopy effectively. The perceived main barriers to effective supervision were a
lack of time and heavy workload. Participants expressed the desire for more standardization in
endoscopy training programs between teaching hospitals.

Conclusions Considerable variability in endoscopy training
practices between gastroenterology teaching hospitals was identified. Formal education on
endoscopy teaching, promotion of self-regulated learning, and standardization of endoscopy
training programs and supervision practices have the potential to improve future endoscopy
training.
Peroneal Nerve Entrapment in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Stamatiou Iliana , Ntoga Melina , Papanas Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

This narrative mini-review discusses the association between peroneal nerve
entrapment (PEN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Generally, PEN is not a common
cause of peripheral neuropathy in DM. Poor glycaemic control and DM duration are
powerful risk factors for PEN. Underlying mechanisms involve neurodegeneration
and entrapment of the peroneal nerve. Patients tend to present with chronic leg
pain, gradual foot drop, steppage gait, or weakness of ankle dorsiflexion.
Electrodiagnostic and imaging studies are very useful in diagnosis to determine
the level at which entrapment occurs. Treatment varies based on the aetiology
and severity of symptoms. It is initially conservative. Surgical nerve
decompression management is required when entrapment is refractory to
non-operative options.
Studies toward the Synthesis of Colletotrichamide A: Construction of the C19–C30 Segment of the Molecule
Authors: Kumar Nemilikonda Sravan , Gattu Radhakrishna , Ramulu B. Janaki , Ghosh Subhash
Published: July 2024

A synthesis of the C19–C30 segment of the neuroprotective natural product colletotrichamide A has been achieved by performing a Sonogashira coupling of two advanced intermediate fragments: a vinyl iodide and an alkyne. A Maruoka–Keck allylation, an Evans syn-aldol reaction, and Takai olefinations served as the key steps in the synthesis of the vinyl iodide intermediate, whereas glycosidation and Ohira–Bestmann reactions were used as the pivotal steps for accessing the advanced alkyne intermediate.
An Inhibitory Single-Domain Antibody against Protein Z-Dependent Protease Inhibitor Promotes Thrombin Generation in Severe Hemophilia A and FXI Deficiency
Authors: Auditeau Claire , Nguyen Tung-Son , Devaux Floriane , Saller François , Peyron Ivan , Blandinières Adeline , Repérant Christelle , Daramé Sadyo , Denis Cécile V. , Lenting Peter , Borgel Delphine , Bianchini Elsa P.
Published: July 2024

Background Protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) is an anticoagulant serpin that targets factor Xa (FXa) in the presence of protein Z (PZ), and factor XIa (FXIa). In factor-VIII-deficient mice, PZ or ZPI gene knock-out mitigates the bleeding phenotype, and pharmacological inhibition of PZ enhances thrombin generation in plasma from patients with hemophilia.

Aims To develop a single-domain antibody (sdAb) directed against ZPI to inhibit its anticoagulant activity.

Methods We screened for anti-ZPI sdAbs in a llama-derived phage display immune library of sdAbs. The sdAbs that bound ZPI were produced and purified for characterization. The binding of sdAbs to ZPI or other serpins was evaluated using ELISAs, and ZPI inhibition was measured in an anti-FXa or anti-FXIa chromogenic assay. The sdAbs's procoagulant activity was assessed in a thrombin generation assay in normal plasma, factor VIII- and FXI-deficient plasma.

Results Of the four sdAbs found to bind to ZPI, one (referred to as ZPI-sdAb2) dose-dependently inhibited ZPI's anti-FXa and anti-FXIa activities with a mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.8 and 1.3 µM, respectively. ZPI-sdAb2 did not cross-react with other plasma serpins, such as antithrombin and α1-antitrypsin. ZPI-sdAb2 induced a significant increase in thrombin generation in plasma samples from healthy donors, patients with severe hemophilia A, and patients with FXI deficiency.

Conclusion ZPI-sdAb2 is the first specific, direct ZPI inhibitor found to exhibit procoagulant activity in plasma. This sdAb might have potential as a treatment for hemophilia or other bleeding disorders.
Exploring the Prospects of Antenatal Microcoil Embolization of Giant Placental Chorioangioma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sabu Brinda , Shenoy Dhanya , R. Vidyalekshmy , Yadav Manish , P. Rafeekha
Published: July 2024

Giant placental chorioangiomas, which measure more than 4 cm, are associated with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, with an estimated perinatal mortality of 30 to 40%. Early diagnosis, close prenatal surveillance, intrauterine intervention, and timely delivery would play a vital role in improving pregnancy outcomes. Using conventional treatment options like amniodrainage to reduce intrauterine pressure and intrauterine blood transfusion to correct fetal anemia fails to tackle the underlying pathophysiology. Interventions aimed at devascularizing the tumor, such as injection of alcohol or surgical glue, use of bipolar cautery, placement of vascular clips, interstitial laser, and radiofrequency ablation, have had mixed results due to their invasive nature and associated complications. In this case report, we discuss a minimally invasive, percutaneous, extraamniotic method of focal occlusion accomplished by microcoil embolization of the feeding vessel. The combination of slow blood flow and endothelial vessel damage due to the presence of coils stimulates thrombogenic mechanisms, contributing to the formation of a clot and leading to the cessation of blood flow to the chorioangioma, thereby treating the primary pathology.
Navigating Neurologic Illness: Skills in Neuropalliative Care for Persons Hospitalized with Neurologic Disease
Authors: Huang Andrew P. , Holloway Robert G.
Published: July 2024

Persons hospitalized for neurologic illness face multidimensional care needs. They can benefit from a palliative care approach that focuses on quality of life for persons with serious illness. We describe neurology provider “skills” to help meet these palliative needs: assessing the patient as a whole; facilitating conversations with patients to connect prognosis to care preferences; navigating neurologic illness to prepare patients and care partners for the future; providing high-quality end-of-life care to promote peace in death; and addressing disparities in care delivery.
Models of opinion dynamics with random parametrisation
Authors: Toth Gabor
Published: July 2024

We analyse a generalisation of the Galam model of binary opinion dynamics in which iterative discussions take place in local groups of individuals and study the effects of random deviations from the group majority. The probability of a deviation or flip depends on the magnitude of the majority. Depending on the values of the flip parameters which give the probability of a deviation, the model shows a wide variety of behaviour. We are interested in the characteristics of the model when the flip parameters are themselves randomly selected, following some probability distribution. Examples of these characteristics are whether large majorities and ties are attractors or repulsors, or the number of fixed points in the dynamics of the model. Which of the features of the model are likely to appear? Which ones are unlikely because they only present as events of low probability with respect to the distribution of the flip parameters? Answers to such questions allow us to distinguish mathematical properties which are stable under a variety of assumptions on the distribution of the flip parameters from features which are very rare and thus more of theoretical than practical interest. In this article, we present both exact numerical results for specific distributions of the flip parameters and small discussion groups and rigorous results in the form of limit theorems for large discussion groups. Small discussion groups model friend or work groups – people that personally know each other and frequently spend time together. Large groups represent scenarios such as social media or political entities such as cities, states, or countries.
Why is it challenging to improve the thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te3 alloys?
Authors: Dharmaiah Peyala , Jung Sung-Jin , Kim Jin-Sang , Kim Seong Keun , Baek Seung-Hyub
Published: July 2024

The successful application of nanotechnologies in enhancing thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te3 alloys remains a formidable challenge, despite significant advancements in their p-type counterparts. The distinctive challenges inherent to n-type materials include the complex relationships between defect structures and electron concentration, and the strong anisotropy of thermoelectric properties. Electrons originate from various defect structures, such as impurity dopants, vacancies, antisite defects, and grain/domain boundaries, which sensitively varies depending on material synthesis processes. Moreover, the pronounced anisotropic nature of thermoelectric properties requires grain alignment along specific crystallographic directions. Therefore, the challenges in achieving high-performance n-type Bi2Te3 alloys lie in the difficulties of independently controlling defect structures (electron concentration), textured microstructures (electron/phonon transport property), and nanofeatures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the difficulties and challenges associated with these aspects, and to discuss potential routes for realizing high-performance n-type Bi2Te3 alloys.
Wind plant wake losses: Disconnect between turbine actuation and control of plant wakes with engineering wake models
Authors: Scott Ryan , Hamilton Nicholas , Cal Raúl Bayoán , Moriarty Patrick
Published: July 2024

Wake losses from neighboring plants may become a major factor in wind plant design and control as additional plants are constructed in areas with high wind resource availability. Because plant wakes span a large range of physical scales, from turbine rotor diameter to tens of kilometers, it is unclear whether conventional wake models or turbine control strategies are effective at the plant scale. Wake steering and axial induction control are evaluated in the current work as means of reducing the impact of neighboring wind plants on power and levelized cost of electricity. FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) simulations were performed with the Gauss–Curl Hybrid and TurbOPark wake models as well as two operation and maintenance models to investigate control setpoint sensitivity to wake representation and economic factors. Both wake models estimate losses across a range of atmospheric conditions, although the wake loss magnitude is dependent on the wake model. Annual energy production and levelized cost of electricity are driven by wind direction frequency, with frequently aligned plants experiencing the greatest losses. However, both wake steering and axial induction are unable to mitigate the impact of upstream plants. Wake steering is constrained by plant geometry, since wake displacement is much less than the plant wake width, while axial induction requires curtailing the majority of turbines in upstream plants. Individual turbine strategies are limited by their effective scale and model representation. New wake models that include plant-scale physics are needed to facilitate the design of effective plant wake control strategies.
Creation of diamond membranes containing nitrogen-vacancy centers by means of ion irradiation
Authors: Scheuner C. , Kuhrke M. , Lühmann T. , Kieschnick M. , Reiß S. , Engel J. , Bähr M. , Pezzagna S. , Meijer J.
Published: July 2024

In this study, we investigated the creation of mono crystalline diamond membranes for use in two-dimensional optical cavities. The creation method involves ion irradiation to create a buried layer of damaged material that is removed to leave a free-standing mono crystalline top layer. Simulations were used to determine the optimal parameters for irradiation, which were tested in experiments. Hydrogen ions were found to be the optimal ion species for irradiation, and long-term high-temperature annealing was beneficial in reducing ion-induced damage in the membrane. The resulting membranes, which were 300 nm thick, contained a high density of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers. Their optical and spin properties were analyzed. The findings of this study can be applied to the creation of diamond membranes hosting other color centers, with thicknesses matched to their respective fluorescence.
Soft x-ray diagnostics system for electron temperature measurement in the integrated commissioning phase of JT-60SA
Authors: Sano Ryuichi , Homma Hiroto , Takechi Manabu , Nakano Tomohide
Published: July 2024

A soft x-ray (SX) diagnostic system has been designed and installed in JT-60SA for the first plasma. For quantitative measurement, the etendue of each viewing chord was evaluated analytically and numerically. The electron temperature is evaluated from the detected bremsstrahlung emission ratio between two detector arrays with two different thicknesses of Be filters. The two filter thicknesses were optimized to be 7 and 50 μm for the expected electron temperature range of 0–3 keV. The one-dimensional profile of SX emission is reconstructed from line integrated emission by the elliptic Abel inversion scheme. For a plasma discharge with a plasma current of 1 MA, a peaked electron temperature profile with about 800 eV at the center is obtained. The total bremsstrahlung power was also evaluated using the electron temperature profile and the absolutely evaluated etendue of each viewing chord. In this evaluation, the bremsstrahlung power is around 10% of ohmic heating power.
Graded metamaterial with broadband active controllability for low-frequency vibration suppression
Authors: Jian Yupei , Hu Guobiao , Tang Lihua , Xu Jiawen , Huang Deqing , Aw Kean
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a new class of graded metamaterial beams by leveraging actively controllable resonators (ACR). The metamaterial comprises a homogeneous host beam that is mounted with negative capacitance shunted piezoelectric cantilever beams, each of which has a tip mass block. Properly changing the negative capacitances (NCs) in the stiffening/softening shunt circuits can control the formed bandgaps, providing greater adjustability and flexibility. Specifically, using modal analysis and considering higher modes of flexural vibrations, the ACR is simplified to an equivalent lumped parameter system with a correction factor applied to the reaction force. We demonstrate the relationship between the derived equivalent parameters of the ACR and NC for different circuitry configurations. A finite element model is built to validate the theoretical models of the ACR and the proposed metamaterial. Subsequently, a grading strategy is proposed to determine the NC values of ACR arrays for achieving broadband vibration suppression. A mechanical damping enhancement phenomenon that can contribute to forming an aggregated band is observed when resistances are introduced into the stiffening circuits. Three circuit configurations are examined, i.e., stiffening, softening, and hybrid circuits. The results showed that a proper grading coefficient can effectively suppress broadband vibration in the low-frequency range.
Scaling, fractal, and Hurst effects in spontaneous violations of entropy inequality in granular Couette systems
Authors: Wolfgram Zachary , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin
Published: July 2024

Planar Couette flows of granular systems are investigated at different spatial and time scales using computational dynamics to determine their stochastic characteristics. Systems with one or two sizes of circular disks with frictional-Hookean contacts are studied. While spontaneous violations of the second law of thermodynamics always follow the fluctuation theorem, time and spatial dependencies of the dissipation as a random process are determined for multiple regimes. Given that grain rotations are degrees of freedom separate from grain translations, the dissipation is calculated from a micropolar model. In monosized disk systems, it is found that the dissipation is Gaussian and, for successively smaller systems, it tends to have a skewed Cauchy probability distribution. Multi-diameter grain flows, once a steady-state mixture of the particles occurs, are comparable to the average diameter monosized granular flow. The flows' dissipation is found to be very closely modeled by a random process with the Cauchy covariance function, whose numerical parameters imply fractal and anti-persistent long-memory characters.
Fabry–Pérot resonances of acoustic waves in disordered slabs
Authors: Valier-Brasier Tony , Rohfritsch Adrien , Alhaïtz Ludovic , Conoir Jean-Marc
Published: July 2024

The reflection and transmission of acoustic waves by slabs composed of parallel cylinders randomly distributed in a fluid are investigated theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. Measurements of the reflection and transmission coefficients are carried out on samples of concentrations ϕ=20% and ϕ=30% of steel rods immersed in water. These results experimentally highlight the existence of Fabry–Pérot resonances in disordered slabs. Moreover, the experiments are in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations and a modeling based on multiple scattering theory.
Design and synthesis of metal–organic cycles/cages (MOCs) and their applications
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Fengmin , Sun Yan
Published: July 2024

Metal–organic cycles/cages (MOCs) are a class of nanoscale molecular entities that possess distinct shapes and sizes and are designed and synthesized through the predictable integration of organic and inorganic ligands. The diverse functionalities of MOCs render them valuable in the fields of biology, chemistry, and materials. First, the cavity renders them suitable for host–guest interactions, which are subsequently employed to induce conformational changes, and this approach is particularly advantageous for catalysis, sensing, and controlled loading and release. Furthermore, MOC- and polymer-based aggregates can be applied in biomedical research and cascaded light-harvesting systems. Benefiting from the high specific surface area, the initial exploration of MOC-based hierarchical assemblies indicates their potential applications in biomedicine and catalysis. MOC-based microsheets and centimeter films can be used for dual-mode catalysis and novel wound dressing for nonhealing wounds. In addition, the design and synthesis of novel MOCs with different shapes and sizes through various strategies are discussed. We summarized the latest progress in the past 5 years in this Review.
Differential copper toxicity in Amazon tree species explained by seed germination and initial seedling growth
Authors: de Castro Ana Caroline de Jesus , de Carvalho Josiane Celerino , Schimpl Flávia Camila , Rodrigues Joelma Keith , de Souza Antônia Vitória Ferreira , Fernandes Andreia Varmes , Araújo Wagner Luíz , de Carvalho Gonçalves José Francisco
Published: July 2024

Context A combination of industrial activities, agricultural practices, and poor urban planning has led to soil and plant contamination throughout the world. Heavy metal stress responses in plants have been demonstrated in various studies, but it remains unclear how heavy metals affect tree germination and initial establishment. Aims With a focus on species selection for phytoremediation programs in areas with copper (Cu) soil contamination, we aimed to evaluate seed germination, initial growth, and carbohydrate and protein metabolism of seedlings of Hymenaea courbaril, Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum, and Hevea brasiliensis subjected to normal and high (500 mg kg−1) concentrations of Cu. We hypothesised that there are differences in the Cu effects and plant responses on germination, initial growth, and the metabolism of seedlings from different Amazon tree species. Methods The germination experiment was conducted with seeds of the tree forest species in the absence or presence of Cu. After germination-parameter analyses, biometric variables, soluble sugars, starch, and proteins were measured. Key results In the presence of Cu, the germination traits, and morphological variables of H. brasiliensis were changed, whereas Cu did not strongly affect the other species. All species showed a high metabolic adjustment capacity, with little impact on the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen-related compounds in seeds. Overall, it was therefore possible to verify that S. pulcherrimum and H. courbaril were able to tolerate Cu because of their good performance in the germination stage and maintenance of essential metabolites, whereas H. brasiliensis was more sensitive to the presence of this heavy metal. Conclusions Our results provided insights into the ability of tree species to cope with Cu stress and the hypothesis has been confirmed to interspecific differential tolerance. Implications Amazonian tree species show valuable potential for improving phytoremediation programs with a focus on soil contamination by Cu.
USP11 promotes prostate cancer progression by up-regulating AR and c-Myc activity
Authors: Pornour Majid , Jeon Hee-Young , Ryu Hyunju , Khadka Sudeep , Xu Rui , Chen Hegang , Hussain Arif , Lam Hung-Ming , Zhuang Zhihao , Oo Htoo Zarni , Gleave Martin , Dong Xuesen , Wang Qianben , Barbieri Christopher , Qi Jianfei
Published: July 2024

Androgen receptor (AR) is a main driver for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). c-Myc is an oncogene underlying prostate tumorigenesis. Here, we find that the deubiquitinase USP11 targets both AR and c-Myc in prostate cancer (PCa). USP11 expression was up-regulated in metastatic PCa and CRPC. USP11 knockdown (KD) significantly inhibited PCa cell growth. Our RNA-seq studies revealed AR and c-Myc as the top transcription factors altered after USP11 KD. ChIP-seq analysis showed that either USP11 KD or replacement of endogenous USP11 with a catalytic-inactive USP11 mutant significantly decreased chromatin binding by AR and c-Myc. We find that USP11 employs two mechanisms to up-regulate AR and c-Myc levels: namely, deubiquitination of AR and c-Myc proteins to increase their stability and deubiquitination of H2A-K119Ub, a repressive histone mark, on promoters of AR and c-Myc genes to increase their transcription. AR and c-Myc reexpression in USP11-KD PCa cells partly rescued cell growth defects. Thus, our studies reveal a tumor-promoting role for USP11 in aggressive PCa through upregulation of AR and c-Myc activities and support USP11 as a potential target against PCa.
Three-dimensional measurements based on multivariate gray code phase encoding
Authors: Yan Fei , Gao Ze , Tian Ye , Wen Jie , Liu Jia
Published: July 2024

To address the problems of low efficiency, large error and high bit error rate in the phase unwrapping of high-frequency fringes by the traditional time-phase unwrapping method, in this paper we propose a phase coding method that quantizes the multivariate gray code in the phase domain. Instead of embedding the stepped phase into a sinusoidal pattern, we embed the multivariate gray code pattern into a sinusoidal pattern, which reduces the gray levels in the phase coding pattern to a larger extent and widens the longitudinal phase width between each step in the coding pattern. After the camera captures the deformed coding pattern, the deformed multivariate gray code is dequantified by the phase difference and the gray level, and the high-quality high-frequency ladder code word is obtained by decoding the quantized multivariate gray code. In addition, the step code word is superimposed with the binary wrapped phase and then filtered to obtain a correction code word for correcting the phase error. Through simulations and experiments, we comprehensively compare the proposed method with various classical phase unwrapping methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in terms of the decoding error, the measurement effect, and the projection pattern.
Adaptive spectrum amplitude modulation method for rolling bearing fault frequency determination
Authors: Tu Zhaoyu , Luo Zeyu , Li Menghui , Wang Jun , Yang Zhi-Xin , Wang Xianbo
Published: July 2024

Signal preprocessing and feature extraction are decisive factors in determining the frequency of bearing faults. The presence of noise interference in the status signal of rolling bearings often hampers accurate fault detection. Although there are various methods for preprocessing vibration signals in rolling bearings, they need further improvement in terms of enhancing fault feature expression and localizing fault frequency bands. This limitation significantly hinders the accuracy of fault frequency determination. In order to enhance the representation of fault information on the frequency spectrum, this study proposes a combined approach that incorporates sparse stacked autoencoder (SSAE), wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), and adaptive spectrum amplitude modulation (ASAM). The resulting method is referred to as SSAE-WPD-ASAM. Firstly, the bearing vibration signal is decomposed by wavelet packet according to the scale and frequency band of the signal. On this basis, the signal reconstruction is realized based on the wavelet packet coefficient and energy distribution in different frequency bands. Secondly, for the whole life cycle signal, the reconstructed signal is self-encoded by sparse stacked autoencoder to achieve dimensionality reduction of the reconstructed signal. Then, the spare reconstructed signal is subjected to ASAM. Finally, through envelope demodulation, peak detection of fault frequency and empirical fault frequency comparison, the specific fault types of rolling bearings are determined. The proposed method is verified by theoretical simulation and three groups of practical experiments. The results show that the proposed method has a significant improvement in diagnostic efficiency and accuracy compared with traditional diagnostic methods.
Sub-macroscopic inclusion classification in bearing steels based on LFCN and ultrasonic testing
Authors: Zhang Ningqing , Chen Xiong , Wang Yizhen
Published: July 2024

With the improvements in science and technology, the demand for advanced steel with excellent performance has gradually increased. Therefore, the evaluation of steel internal cleanliness is an important indicator for the evaluation of material quality. Sub-macroscopic inclusions, which size from 50 μm to 400 μm and cannot be detected under the domestic and international bearing steel testing standard, are bound to seriously affect the quality, stability and service life of bearing steel. Hence, research into inclusion control technology has gradually attracted attention in academia and the industrial manufacturing field. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end long short-term memory fully convolutional network classification model, and verify its effectiveness on a large-scale sub-macroscopic inclusion signal data set collected by ultrasonic experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in this field that has acquired such a large amount of experimental sub-macroscopic signal data and that has solved the classification task using a fully convolutional network. In particular, our framework can accurately detect the features of sub-macroscopic inclusions, which meets the urgent need of the metallurgical industry. The accuracy rate of the proposed model is 88.97%, which is a state-of-the-art experimental result among other strong time-series classifiers.
3D reconstruction with single-frame two-step phase-shift method based on orthogonal composite fringe pattern projection
Authors: Wang Zimeng , Zhang BingWei , Jiang Kaiyong , Lin Junyi
Published: July 2024

In order to realize single-frame three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, a single-frame two-step phase-shift method based on orthogonal composite pattern projection is proposed to solve the problem that the traditional N-step phase-shift profilometry needs multiple projections for 3D reconstruction. The orthogonal composite pattern uses only two carrier channels to reduce the spectrum overlapping influence on the demodulation accuracy of carrier and modulated fringes. A two-dimensional variational mode decomposition method is adopted to remove the background DC component of the sinusoidal fringe to overcome the mode overlap problem by controlling the size of the bandwidth. Thus, the two-step phase-shift method is applied to calculate the phases for 3D reconstruction. The experimental results show that, compared with the typical Fourier transform profilometry method, 3-step composite method and 2 + 1 composite method, the 3D reconstruction accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 49.1%,31.4% and 23.2% respectively according to mean absolute error, and by 73.0%, 58.4% and 56.8% respectively according to mean squared error as the evaluation index. Finally, the dynamic 3D reconstruction experiment demonstrates the good adaptability of dynamic 3D reconstruction.
Investigation of operational settings, environmental conditions, and faults on the gas turbine performance
Authors: Ahsan Shazaib , Lemma Tamiru Alemu , Hashmi Muhammad Baqir , Liang Xihui
Published: July 2024

Gas turbine engines are complex mechanical marvels widely employed in diverse applications such as marine vessels, aircraft, power generation, and pumping facilities. However, their intricate nature renders them susceptible to numerous operational faults, significantly compromising their performance and leading to excessive emissions, consequently incurring stringent penalties from environmental regulatory bodies. Moreover, the deterioration of gas turbine performance is exacerbated by variations in working conditions based on operational settings and environmental conditions. Past studies have focused on certain working conditions that limit effectiveness in real-world applications where operational settings and environmental conditions vary during operations. The influence of these working conditions on the performance of gas turbines also needs to be assessed, as they can lead to different fault patterns resulting in unplanned maintenance, unnecessary maintenance costs, unsafe conditions and stringent penalties. This study uses the gas turbine simulation program to simulate a high-bypass turbofan engine inspired by Pratt & Whitney PW-4056, analysing the combined effects of operational settings and environmental conditions on engine performance while also incorporating simulations of common gas turbine faults like fouling and erosion in various locations and severities along the gas path. The model’s accuracy is confirmed by low mean absolute percentage errors of 0.004% of thrust at the cycle reference point and 0.15% and 0.28% at 2 km and 7 km altitudes, respectively, demonstrating the model’s robustness across varying operational scenarios. In conclusion, this research highlights the significant effects of operational settings and environmental factors on gas turbine performance, particularly impacting specific fuel consumption and thrust. The study reveals that operational settings and environmental factors significantly impact fuel consumption and thrust. Specifically, compressor fouling and low-pressure turbine erosion increase nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 4.5% and 11.1%, while fouling of nozzle guide vanes and high-pressure turbine erosion raise unburned hydrocarbon by 10.0% and 20.2%, and carbon monoxide (CO) by 3.2% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to a healthy engine. These insights highlight the importance of component-specific degradation in influencing gas turbine performance and emissions.
Monte Carlo dosimetric analyses on the use of 90Y-IsoPet intratumoral therapy in canine subjects
Authors: Bobić Mislav , Huesa-Berral Carlos , Terry Jack F , Kunz Louis , Schuemann Jan , Fisher Darrell R , Maitz Charles A , Bertolet Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Objective. To investigate different dosimetric aspects of 90Y-IsoPet™ intratumoral therapy in canine soft tissue sarcomas, model the spatial spread of the gel post-injection, evaluate absorbed dose to clinical target volumes, and assess dose distributions and treatment efficacy. Approach. Six canine cases treated with 90Y-IsoPet™ for soft tissue sarcoma at the Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri are analyzed in this retrospective study. The dogs received intratumoral IsoPet™ injections, following a grid pattern to achieve a near-uniform dose distribution in the clinical target volume. Two dosimetry methods were performed retrospectively using the Monte Carlo toolkit OpenTOPAS: imaging-based dosimetry obtained from post-injection PET/CT scans, and stylized phantom-based dosimetry modeled from the planned injection points to the gross tumor volume. For the latter, a Gaussian parameter with variable sigma was introduced to reflect the spatial spread of IsoPet™. The two methods were compared using dose-volume histograms (DVHs) and dose homogeneity, allowing an approximation of the closest sigma for the spatial spread of the gel post-injection. In addition, we compared Monte Carlo-based dosimetry with voxel S-value (VSV)-based dosimetry to investigate the dosimetric differences. Main results. Imaging-based dosimetry showed differences between Monte Carlo and VSV calculations in tumor high-density areas with higher self-absorption. Stylized phantom-based dosimetry indicated a more homogeneous target dose with increasing sigma. The sigma approximation of the 90Y-IsoPet™ post-injection gel spread resulted in a median sigma of approximately 0.44 mm across all cases to reproduce the dose heterogeneity observed in Monte Carlo calculations. Significance. The results indicate that dose modeling based on planned injection points can serve as a first-order approximation for the delivered dose in 90Y-IsoPet™ therapy for canine soft tissue sarcomas. The dosimetry evaluation highlights the non-uniformity of absorbed doses despite the gel spread, emphasizing the importance of considering tumor dose heterogeneity in treatment evaluation. Our findings suggest that using Monte Carlo for dose calculation seems more suitable for this type of tumor where high-density areas might play an important role in dosimetry.
Evaluating impact damage on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer plates utilizing zero-group-velocity Lamb waves
Authors: Ren Meng , Meng Xiangdi , Deng Mingxi
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an effective method for evaluating the impact damage of composite plates using zero-group-velocity (ZGV) Lamb waves. A finite element (FE) model of the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate is established to analyze in detail the propagation characteristics of the S1-ZGV Lamb wave mode with a specified propagation direction. The study investigates the changes in the S1-ZGV mode with varying damage levels, characterized by a decrease in elastic moduli. Results indicate that as the damage level increases, the corresponding S1-ZGV frequency and amplitude decrease proportionally. The spectral amplitude (SA) at the initial S1-ZGV frequency exhibits a consistent and significant decrease with increasing damage levels, offering a reliable method for accurately assessing damage in CFRP plates. Additionally, the S1-ZGV mode of the CFRP plate is experimentally excited using the pitch-catch technique with air-coupled ultrasonic transducers to explore the variations in the S1-ZGV mode with different impact damages. Experimental findings show that the SA of the S1-ZGV mode at the initial S1-ZGV frequency decreases monotonically and sensitively with an increasing number of impacts. These experimental results correlate with the FE analysis, validating the effectiveness of accurately evaluating impact damage in CFRP plates based on the SA of S1-ZGV modes.
Active Brownian particle under stochastic orientational resetting
Authors: Baouche Yanis , Franosch Thomas , Meiners Matthias , Kurzthaler Christina
Published: July 2024

We employ renewal processes to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of an active Brownian particle under stochastic orientational resetting. By computing the experimentally accessible intermediate scattering function (ISF) and reconstructing the full time-dependent distribution of the displacements, we study the interplay of rotational diffusion and resetting. The resetting process introduces a new spatiotemporal regime reflecting the directed motion of agents along the resetting direction at large length scales, which becomes apparent in an imaginary part of the ISF. We further derive analytical expressions for the low-order moments of the displacements and find that the variance displays an effective diffusive regime at long times, which decreases for increasing resetting rates. At intermediate times the dynamics are characterized by a negative skewness as well as a non-zero non-Gaussian parameter.