bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Anionic Surfactant Metallomicelle: Catalytic Activity and Mechanism for the Catalytic Hydrolysis of a Phosphate Ester
Authors: Yu Lan , Xie Jia-qing , Li Fan-zhen
Published: September 2014

An aza-crown ether ligand was synthesised and characterised. The chemical composition of the binary complex containing cerium(III) and the ligand was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. A new metallomicellar system comprising the cerium(III) complex of the ligand and an anionic micelle (n-lauroylsarcosine) was used as catalyst in the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate ester (BNPP). The catalytic rate of BNPP hydrolysis and the local concentration effect of the micelle were measured kinetically using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results indicated, that compared with a cationic metallomicelle system made from the aza-crown ether, lanthanum(III) ion and CTAB cationic surfactant in our previous report, the anionic metallomicelle exhibited a six-fold higher catalytic activity in BNPP hydrolysis at neutral pH and the same other conditions, thus the micelle based on LSS provides a more effective catalytic environment for reaction. A reaction mechanism has been proposed.
Photocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of Congo Red dye in a Sonophotoreactor with Nanotube TiO2
Authors: Tekin Derya
Published: September 2014

TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodisation of Ti sheets using the conventional electrochemical technique as well as an emerging sonoelectrochemical technique. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that ultrasound-assisted anodisation yielded more ordered and controllable TiO2 tube banks with higher tube diameter. TiO2 nanotubes prepared using the sonoelectrochemical method were used in the sonophotocatalytic degradation experiments of Congo Red dye and degradation kinetics were obtained. The effects of temperature and the amplitude of ultrasound energy were investigated and a kinetic equation, which also included the effect of ultrasound energy, was developed. The sonophotocatalytic degradation rate was found to be – rdye = ka Cdye /( 1 + kbCdye). The ultrasound energy did not influence the activation energy. It was observed that the reaction rate accelerated in the presence of ultrasound energy in the course of the experiments. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated to be 56.1 kJ mol–1.
Determination of Intracellular Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species Using the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein Diacetate Assay by Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Bashiri Hadis , Jalali Hamed Moradmand , Rasa Hossein
Published: September 2014

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive molecules which are produced normally by metabolic reactions. 2,7-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) assay is used to determine intracellular levels of ROS in cancer cells. In the present study, the mechanism and kinetic parameters of this determination are obtained by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. The values of the rate constants for the suggested mechanism were obtained by simulation. Then, the effect of DCHF-DA concentration on the rate of reaction was studied. According to the results, the product concentration should increase on increasing the DCHF-DA concentration. In addition, the effect of ROS concentration on the rate of reaction was determined.
Nucleic Acid and Phosphoester Hydrolytic Cleavage Catalysed by Aza-Crown Ether Metal Complexes as Synthetic Nucleases
Authors: Li Fang-zhen , Feng Fa-mei , Yu Lan , Xie Jia-qing
Published: September 2014

Aza-crown ethers are ligands in which the oxygen atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms in the crown ether ring systems. This type of ligand possesses specific complexation with metal ions, such as those of transition-metals, rare earths, alkali metals and alkaline earths, which form metal complexes whose structures are similar to those of some biological enzymes. In recent decades, research on aza-crown ethers and their metal complexes as mimics of nucleases in hydrolysing nucleic acids has attracted increasing attention. These studies illuminate the mechanism of nucleic acid hydrolytic cleavage as catalysed by natural nucleases. In order to assist the design and synthesis of highly active, selective and stable mimic nucleases, this paper reviews recent progress in the investigation of aza-crown ether metal complexes as mimic nucleases, including: the relationship between the structures and activities of synthetic metallonucleases; multicentre synergistic catalysis of metal ions in multinuclear complexes; bifunctional cooperative catalysis of the branches and ions in the complexes; and especially, the structural characteristic and catalytic mechanism of aza-crown ether metal complexes as mimic nucleases.
Risikomanagement in privaten Unternehmen – Umgang mit Naturgefahren und Reputationsrisiken
Authors: Wilhelm Christian , Berger Markus
Published: September 2014

Risk management in private enterprises: addressing natural hazards and reputational risk

The environment in which private enterprises must work has become more complex and the risks more varied. As a result, over the last decade, enterprises have strengthened their risk management. This article will show how private enterprises are addressing natural hazards and reputational risk, and how these strategies differ from risk management by public bodies. The authors asked five enterprises about their risk management. The answers were assessed with regard to recognised methods and modern management theory. Although the enterprises apply modern techniques and are highly conscious of risk, few preventive measures against natural hazards have been put in place. This can be partially explained by the possibility of getting insurance for the risks, and by the high degree of protection provided by the State. As for reputational risk, often risk management is only put into practice when crisis management already becomes necessary. More attention should be paid to including risk management in the strategic processes of enterprises, and to taking account of chances. Risk management is often most effective in a partnership of private and public actors; mutual understanding is desirable in these circumstances.
Newborn hearing screening: what are we missing?
Authors: Mannan MA , Choudhury SM , Dey AC , Dey SK , Naher BS , Shahidullah M
Published: September 2014

The objectives of the study were to demonstrate hearing status in newborns at first screening by Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and to find out the relationship between abnormal hearing screening and known risk factors. This study was conducted in the department of neonatology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in collaboration with department of otolaryngology and department of obstetrics and gynaecology. This prospective observational study included a cohort of 168 neonates from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and neonatal Nursery (Minimal care unit). All were screened for hearing impairment using Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in out-patient department of otolaryngology by a trained audiologist before discharge from hospital. Risk factors analysed were according to the criteria of American Academy of Pediatrics. Of the total neonates screened, Refer rate was 32.7% irrespective of presence or absence of risk factors. Small for gestational age, in-utero infections, ototoxic medications, birth weight <1500, sepsis/meningitis, hyperbilirubinemia were found to be significant risk factors (p<0.0001). It can be recommended that hearing screening should be universally done for all newborns. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v40i1.20319 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40: 1-5
Antimicrobial resistance and in vitro biofilm-forming ability of Enterococci spp. isolated from urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Akhter J , Ahmed S , Saleh AA , Anwar S
Published: September 2014

The biofilm mode of life conveys a survival advantage to the microorganism associated with it. Biofilm on an indwelling urinary catheter consists of adherent microorganisms, their extra cellular products, and host components deposited on the catheter and thus biofilm on urinary catheters results in persistent infections that are resistant to antimicrobial therapy. This study was done during the period of January 2010 to December 2010. Fifty nine enterococci isolated from 1203 urine samples were speciated by conventional microbiological methods and examined for their ability to form biofilm by microtitre plate assay and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method for 10 clinically relevant antibiotics respectively. Biofilm producing Enterococci were more frequently found in catheterized than in non catheterized patient (p<0.004). Enterococcus faecium showed increased resistantance to multiple antibiotic than Enterococcus faecalis. Significant relationship was found between biofilm production with antibiotic resistance to amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, cefotaxime, and cefuroxime. This study demonstrated a high propensity among the isolates of Enterococci to form biofilm and a significant association of biofilms with multiple drug resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v40i1.20320 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40: 6-9
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum: An analysis of six cases
Authors: Nahar K , Islam KMS , Quddus MA
Published: September 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v40i1.20336 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40: 42-46
Microbicidal activity of crude extracts from Sargassum wightii against Bacillus cereus
Authors: Venugopal Amritha Krishna Bhuvaneshwari , Thirumalairaj Vinoth Kumar , Durairaj Geetharamani , Vijayan Mahitha Puthanpurayal , Lazar Navya , Sathyan Kavya Kurumboor , Chacko Amrutha , Yesudas Rincy , Kadheeja Shasna , David Ishara Kumari John , Damascene Sezirahiga Jean
Published: September 2014

The present study was investigated to explore the antibacterial activity of four different solvent (petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and ethanol) crude extracts of marine brown seaweed Sargassum wightti. Crude extracts were screened against human pathogen Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial efficiency was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The results revealed that the crude extract of petroleum ether showed prominent inhibiting activity against B. cereus and other crude extracts showed below detectable level. The highest microbicidal activity (zone of inhibition) 9.0 ± 0.32 mm was obtained at the concentration of 250 ?g /ml and the lowest activity was 3 ± 0.20 mm at 31.25 ?g /ml concentration. The MIC and MBC values were found to be 125 and 250 ?g /ml respectively. Results of this study suggested that the compounds present in the crude extracts of petroleum ether showed high activity against B. cereus and further studies are required to purify the active principles.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i10.20338 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, September 2014, 3(10): 326-327
Ontogeny and Functions of Central Nervous System Macrophages
Authors: Katsumoto Atsuko , Lu Haiyan , Miranda Aline S. , Ransohoff Richard M.
Published: September 2014

Microglia, the only nonneuroepithelial cells found in the parenchyma of the CNS, originate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac and enter the CNS quite early (embryonic day 9.5–10 in mice). Thereafter, microglia are maintained independently of any input from the blood and, in particular, do not require hematopoietic stem cells as a source of replacement for senescent cells. Monocytes are hematopoietic cells, derived from bone marrow. The ontogeny of microglia and monocytes is important for understanding CNS pathologies. Microglial functions are distinct from those of blood-derived monocytes, which invade the CNS only under pathological conditions. Recent data reveal that microglia play an important role in managing neuronal cell death, neurogenesis, and synaptic interactions. In this article, we discuss the physiology of microglia and the functions of monocytes in CNS pathology. We address the roles of microglia and monocytes in neurodegenerative diseases as an example of CNS pathology.
The material turn in Religious Studies and the possibility of critique: Assessing Chidester’s analysis of ‘the fetish’
Authors: Strijdom Johan M.
Published: September 2014

In recent debates the neglect of the material dimension of religion and the foregrounding of beliefs in the modern academic study of religion has been attributed to a Protestant bias. As corrective a number of researchers have shifted their attention to the study of bodily performances, sensory experiences and sacred objects in religious traditions. In this article I will enquire how David Chidester’s analysis of the cultural, political and economic uses of ‘fetishes’ under 19th century colonial conditions in southern Africa and in European centres of theory formation on the one hand, and under 20th and 21st century American imperial conditions on the other, may inform the comparative study of religions. Central to my argument will be that the realisation that religions are necessarily concretely mediated should not preclude the possibility of a systemic critique of power relations that are at work in the uses of objects in religions, the comparison of religions and the comparative study of religions.
Syringomyelia Associated with Spinal Arachnoiditis Treated by Partial Arachnoid Dissection and Syrinx-Far Distal Subarachnoid Shunt
Authors: Iwatsuki Koichi , Yoshimine Toshiki , Ohnishi Yu-Ichiro , Ninomiya Koshi , Moriwaki Takashi , Ohkawa Toshika
Published: September 2014

The authors describe a new modified surgical approach to minimize the postoperative recurrence of a syrinx after surgery to treat syringomyelia associated with spinal adhesive arachnoiditis in two cases. Both patients presented with progressive gait disturbance without any remarkable history, and spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a syrinx and broad irregular disappearance of the subarachnoid space and/or deformity of the cord. We successfully performed a partial arachnoid dissection and syrinx-far distal subarachnoid shunt for both cases.
Conhecer não é representar: reflexões sobre a representação na Educação Ambiental
Authors: Munhoz Angelica Vier , Mazzarino Jane
Published: September 2014

O presente artigo busca problematizar o conceito de representação a partir dos aportes teóricos da Filosofia da Diferença. Dessa forma, serão analisados escritos produzidos durante oficinas do curso de Formação de Multiplicadores em Educação Ambiental, que integra o projeto de extensão Comunicação para Educação Ambiental, do Centro Universitário Univates. As oficinas, realizadas com professores da rede pública de ensino básico, constituíram-se em espaços de comunicação em que os interlocutores aventuram-se a ler para o outro seus escritos sobre memórias de vivências com a água. Estes espaços de aproximação de si mesmo e para com o outro potencializaram aprendizagens e o compartilhamento de signifi cados sobre o mundo.
Alemanha perdida? Escolarização de crianças em colônias de imigrantes alemães no sul do Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Ademir Valdir
Published: September 2014

Durante os séculos XIX e XX, a região sul do Brasil recebeu milhares de famílias de imigrantes alemães. Eles fundaram escolas comunitárias dentro das colônias que se tornaram uma marca de identidade étnica. Porém, nas primeiras décadas do século passado essas escolas foram alvo de campanhas nacionalistas que solicitaram seu fechamento ou uma transformação completa. Este estudo tem como objetivo resgatar e analisar memórias sobre a escola com base em entrevistas realizadas com representantes de três gerações de descendentes de imigrantes alemães. Quanto à metodologia mobilizada, os aspectos que descrevem sobre suas trajetórias de escolarização são analisados sob uma perspectiva etnológica embasada pelo teor dos depoimentos colhidos, por fontes documentais e na interlocução com outras pesquisas sobre as relações entre a educação e a imigração em terras brasileiras. Mostra-se que as crianças foram forçadas a aprender português e mudar seu comportamento, o que causou evasão e repetência. Resultou que a perpetuação de memórias positivas ou traumáticas da escolarização é usada para reforçar e reafi rmar afeição, consanguinidade e o pertencimento a uma herança cultural comum. Deste modo, as representações mentais dos habitantes perpetuam a ideia de fazer parte de uma Europa brasileira, ao lado da preservação social da “germanidade”.
Trinta anos de construção identitária Sem Terra no Espírito Santo: explorando um projeto político-pedagógico de vanguarda contra o neoliberalismo
Authors: Kontopodis Michalis
Published: September 2014

O neoliberalismo global é marcado pelo desejo de ser bem-sucedido, consumir produtos e serviços, ou até mesmo pessoas ou bens imateriais em um não-lugar, oferecendo uma experiência de um não-tempo. Dessa forma, algumas perguntas podem ser feitas, dentre elas, quais seriam as alternativas para o neoliberalismo e qual seria o papel da pedagogia nesse contexto? Tomando como referência o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST), o presente texto analisa como as políticas de memória e de identidade estão envolvidas em imaginar futuros que não seguem linearmente do passado. O material empírico vem de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada nos últimos cinco anos (2007-2012) no Espírito Santo. O artigo também analisa os componentes centrais da Pedagogia Sem Terra, a construção identitária na escola, a solidariedade e o partilhar de memórias sobre o passado local, como alternativas radicais ao neoliberalismo global. Mas como pode o projeto político-pedagógico do MST ser levado adiante para incluir todos os “Outros” que sofrem devido às relações de poder no Brasil e ao redor do globo?
Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tal-Saban Miri , Ornoy Asher , Parush Shula
Published: September 2014

We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the continuing influence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) on quality of life and participation. Ninety-six participants (25 in the DCD group, 30 in the borderline group, and 41 in the control group) ages 22–29 yr who had been screened for DCD 3–4 yr previously completed the Participation in Every Day Activities of Life, the Life-Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL–BREF) instrument. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant between-groups difference, F(7, 95) = 2.89, p = .001, η = 0.173, and post hoc analyses revealed that participants in the DCD and borderline groups scored lower overall on participation, quality of life, and life satisfaction. Linear regression found the Psychological Health domain of the WHOQOL–BREF to be a significant predictor of life satisfaction (B = 0.533; p = .001).
Supporting Our Military Families: A Case for a Larger Role for Occupational Therapy in Prevention and Mental Health Care
Authors: Cogan Alison M.
Published: September 2014

More than 2 million U.S. military servicemembers have deployed to Afghanistan or Iraq since September 11, 2001. Unlike during prior conflicts, many servicemembers leave spouses and children behind. Long, multiple deployments cause strain on family at home, with new challenges arising when servicemembers return from combat and reintegrate into family and civilian life. In World Wars I and II, occupational therapy practitioners played a significant role in supporting servicemember reintegration. However, their presence in program delivery in this practice area is limited. Occupational therapy researchers and practitioners can make a valuable contribution by helping families tailor daily activities and routines to address challenges and optimize health and wellness. However, barriers such as reimbursement for services, workforce availability, and access to military families have limited the profession’s full engagement. Advocacy is needed to help establish occupational therapy as a key component of the mental and preventive health care teams serving military servicemembers.
Interrater Reliability and Clinical Utility of the Personal Care Participation Assessment and Resource Tool (PC–PART) in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Radia-George Camilla , Imms Christine , Taylor Nicholas F.
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE. We examined the interrater reliability and clinical utility of the Personal Care Participation Assessment and Resource Tool (PC–PART) in a rehabilitation setting.

METHOD. Ninety-six patients were recruited from the caseload of four occupational therapists. Patients were assessed on admission. Clinical utility was based on time to complete assessments.

RESULTS. Interrater reliability for the total score was very high (intraclass correlation coefficient = .91). Limits of agreement for the program indicated aggregate data from individual scores were within 1.3 units (range = −1.3 to 0.5) but individual scores would be within 10 units (range = −9.3 to 0.2). The PC–PART took 27 min to complete.

CONCLUSION. The PC–PART may have sufficient interrater reliability and clinical utility to evaluate program outcomes. The limits of agreement for rating individuals were relatively large, suggesting that it may be difficult to use the PC–PART to make clinical inferences about an individual patient.
Utility of an Occupational Therapy Driving Intervention for a Combat Veteran
Authors: Classen Sherrilene , Monahan Miriam , Canonizado Maria , Winter Sandra
Published: September 2014

Many combat veterans are injured in motor vehicle crashes shortly after returning to civilian life, yet little evidence exists on effective driving interventions. In this single-subject design study, we compared clinical test results and driving errors in a returning combat veteran before and after an occupational therapy driving intervention. A certified driving rehabilitation specialist administered baseline clinical and simulated driving assessments; conducted three intervention sessions that discussed driving errors, retrained visual search skills, and invited commentary on driving; and administered a postintervention evaluation in conditions resembling those at baseline. Clinical test results were similar pre- and postintervention. Baseline versus postintervention driving errors were as follows: lane maintenance, 23 versus 7; vehicle positioning, 5 versus 1; signaling, 2 versus 0; speed regulation, 1 versus 1; visual scanning, 1 versus 0; and gap acceptance, 1 versus 0. Although the intervention appeared efficacious for this participant, threats to validity must be recognized and controlled for in a follow-up study.
Assessment of the Visual Status of Older Adults on an Orthopedic Unit
Authors: Roche Sheila , Vogtle Laura , Warren Mary , O’Connor Kieran A.
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE. To examine the visual status of a cohort of older adults on an orthopedic unit to determine their level of available vision to complete everyday activities in the hospital setting.

METHOD. A convenience sample of 50 people was recruited. A visual history was obtained, and participants’ glasses were inspected. Distance acuity, reading acuity, and contrast sensitivity were assessed using standardized screening charts.

RESULTS. Of participants, 26% did not have their glasses with them until prompted, and 85% had glasses in poor condition. When tested wearing their habitual correction, 6% had low vision, 2% were blind, 41% had reading acuities worse than 20/25, and 28% had contrast sensitivity deficits.

CONCLUSION. Visual impairment is prevalent in older adults, yet visual function is not routinely screened in hospitals. Occupational therapists should routinely inquire about patients’ visual status, inspect their glasses, and encourage regular eye examinations. Failure to address vision could lead to inaccurate evaluation results.
Development of Self-Awareness After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Through Participation in Occupation-Based Rehabilitation: Mixed-Methods Analysis of a Case Series
Authors: Doig Emmah , Kuipers Pim , Prescott Sarah , Cornwell Petrea , Fleming Jennifer
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE. We examined participation in goal planning and development of self-awareness for people with impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury.

METHOD. We performed a mixed-methods study of 8 participants recently discharged from inpatient rehabilitation. Self-awareness was measured using discrepancy between self and significant other ratings on the Mayo–Portland Adaptability Index (MPAI–4) at four time points. We calculated effect size to evaluate the change in MPAI–4 discrepancy over time.

RESULTS. Seven participants identified their own goals. We found a large reduction in mean MPAI–4 discrepancy (M = 8.57, SD = 6.59, N = 7, d = 1.08) in the first 6 wk and a further small reduction (M = 5.33, SD = 9.09, N = 6, d = 0.45) in the second 6 wk of intervention. Case data indicated that 7 participants demonstrated some growth in self-awareness.

CONCLUSION. Engagement in occupation-based, goal-directed rehabilitation appeared to foster awareness of injury-related changes to varying extents.
Examining the Lived Experience and Factors Influencing Education of Two Student Veterans Using Photovoice Methodology
Authors: Tomar Nikhil , Stoffel Virginia
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE. We sought to understand the lived experience of 2 student veterans and identify factors influencing their higher education.

METHOD. A qualitative research design was used with 2 student veterans who engaged in photovoice methodology. We analyzed their photographs, accompanying narratives, and discussion session transcripts using descriptive coding and thematic analysis.

RESULTS. Data analysis revealed four themes: (1) reminiscence of past duty and reflections on military life, (2) transition from military life to civilian student life, (3) entry to a new stage of life, and (4) influence of the university and community environment.

CONCLUSION. Findings from this study revealed factors influencing student veterans’ education and can be used to develop occupation-based interventions to assist veterans who engage in higher education.
High-Intensity Sports for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression: Feasibility Study of Ocean Therapy With Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
Authors: Rogers Carly M. , Mallinson Trudy , Peppers Dominique
Published: September 2014

In this study, we conducted a pretest–posttest investigation of a sports-oriented occupational therapy intervention using surfing in an experiential, skills-based program to support veterans with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in their transition to civilian life. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the intervention for attendance rates and retention in the program provided in 5 sessions over 5 wk. Fourteen veterans from a specialty postdeployment clinic at a Veterans Affairs hospital were enrolled; 11 completed the study, and 10 attended ≥3 sessions. Participants reported clinically meaningful improvement in PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Checklist—Military Version, Wilcoxon signed rank Z = 2.5, p = .01) and in depressive symptoms (Major Depression Inventory, Wilcoxon signed rank Z = 2.05, p = .04). The results of this small, uncontrolled study suggest that a sports-oriented occupational therapy intervention has potential as a feasible adjunct intervention for veterans seeking mental health treatment for symptoms of PTSD.
Association Between Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome and Sensory Processing Disorder
Authors: Pollock Mary R. , Metz Alexia E. , Barabash Theresa
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE. We explored whether sensory processing disorder (SPD) is related to dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES).

METHOD. We used the Vancouver Nonneurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction/Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome Questionnaire and the Short Sensory Profile with participants who sought treatment of DES (n = 19) and healthy control participants (n = 55).

RESULTS. Significantly more children with DES (53%) had SPD than was reported for the general population (p < .001; Ahn, Miller, Milberger, & McIntosh, 2004). Control participants did not have a greater rate of SPD (p = .333). We found a significant association between the occurrence of DES and SPD, χ2(1) = 20.869, p < .001, and a significant correlation between test scores (Spearman’s ρ = −.493, Rs2 = .243, p < .001).

CONCLUSION. Many children with DES may also have SPD, suggesting that a child’s sensory processing pattern would be an important aspect that could influence the plan of care.
Sensory Integration Functions of Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Koester AnjaLi Carrasco , Mailloux Zoe , Coleman Gina Geppert , Mori Annie Baltazar , Paul Steven M. , Blanche Erna , Muhs Jill A. , Lim Deborah , Cermak Sharon A.
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE. We investigated sensory integration (SI) function in children with cochlear implants (CIs).

METHOD. We analyzed deidentified records from 49 children ages 7 mo to 83 mo with CIs. Records included Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT), Sensory Processing Measure (SPM), Sensory Profile (SP), Developmental Profile 3 (DP–3), and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS), with scores depending on participants’ ages. We compared scores with normative population mean scores and with previously identified patterns of SI dysfunction.

RESULTS. One-sample t tests revealed significant differences between children with CIs and the normative population on the majority of the SIPT items associated with the vestibular and proprioceptive bilateral integration and sequencing (VPBIS) pattern. Available scores for children with CIs on the SPM, SP, DP–3, and PDMS indicated generally typical ratings.

CONCLUSION. SIPT scores in a sample of children with CIs reflected the VPBIS pattern of SI dysfunction, demonstrating the need for further examination of SI functions in children with CIs during occupational therapy assessment and intervention planning.
Measurement in Sensory Modulation: The Sensory Processing Scale Assessment
Authors: Schoen Sarah A. , Miller Lucy J. , Sullivan Jillian C.
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE. Sensory modulation issues have a significant impact on participation in daily life. Moreover, understanding phenotypic variation in sensory modulation dysfunction is crucial for research related to defining homogeneous groups and for clinical work in guiding treatment planning. We thus evaluated the new Sensory Processing Scale (SPS) Assessment.

METHOD. Research included item development, behavioral scoring system development, test administration, and item analyses to evaluate reliability and validity across sensory domains.

RESULTS. Items with adequate reliability (internal reliability >.4) and discriminant validity (p < .01) were retained. Feedback from the expert panel also contributed to decisions about retaining items in the scale.

CONCLUSION. The SPS Assessment appears to be a reliable and valid measure of sensory modulation (scale reliability >.90; discrimination between group effect sizes >1.00). This scale has the potential to aid in differential diagnosis of sensory modulation issues.
Interrater Reliability and Developmental Norms in Preschoolers for the Motor Planning Maze Assessment (MPMA)
Authors: Ivey Carole K. , Lane Shelly J. , May-Benson Teresa A.
Published: September 2014

This study established interrater reliability and preliminary developmental score guidelines for preschool children (ages 3–5 yr) on the Motor Planning Maze Assessment (MPMA). We administered the MPMA to 80 typically developing preschoolers and found age effects for Time, Error, and Total scores for each of three mazes. Five-year-olds obtained lower (better) scores than 4-yr-olds, who scored lower than 3-yr-olds. Older children completed the mazes with significantly fewer errors in significantly less time than younger children. Interrater reliability was excellent on the total MPMA score (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96) and individual maze scores (0.90–0.98). Results of this study provide evidence that the MPMA can serve as a reliable, objective screening of a preschooler’s ability to plan and execute motor movements. A larger reference population is needed to increase generalizability.
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Care Coordination
Authors: Moyers Penelope A. , Metzler Christina A.
Published: September 2014

Occupational therapy practitioners must assess how the profession fits within new models of care and be involved in studying the models’ impact on key health care outcomes related to the “Triple Aim” of lowering costs, improving patient experience, and managing the health of populations.
Corrigendum to "Microphysical Process Rates and Global Aerosol-Cloud Interactions" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9855–9867, 2013
Authors: Gettelman A. , Morrison H. , Terai C. R. , Wood R.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. A mistake swapped process rates between autoconversion and accretion in global model solutions. Revised figures are presented. The accretion to autoconversion ratio in the model does increase with Liquid Water Path (LWP) as in the steady state model but biases remain. Simulated autoconversion rates are too high. Adjusting process rates following the steady state model ideas leads to an improvement in process rates. The main conclusion is unaffected.
The influence of temperature calibration on the OC–EC results from a dual-optics thermal carbon analyzer
Authors: Pavlovic J. , Kinsey J. S. , Hays M. D.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Thermal–optical analysis (TOA) is a widely used technique that fractionates carbonaceous aerosol particles into organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), or carbonate. Thermal sub-fractions of evolved OC and EC are also used for source identification and apportionment; thus, oven temperature accuracy during TOA analysis is essential. Evidence now indicates that the "actual" sample (filter) temperature and the temperature measured by the built-in oven thermocouple (or set-point temperature) can differ by as much as 50 °C. This difference can affect the OC–EC split point selection and consequently the OC and EC fraction and sub-fraction concentrations being reported, depending on the sample composition and in-use TOA method and instrument. The present study systematically investigates the influence of an oven temperature calibration procedure for TOA. A dual-optical carbon analyzer that simultaneously measures transmission and reflectance (TOT and TOR) is used, functioning under the conditions of both the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Method 5040 (NIOSH) and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) protocols. The application of the oven calibration procedure to our dual-optics instrument significantly changed NIOSH 5040 carbon fractions (OC and EC) and the IMPROVE OC fraction. In addition, the well-known OC–EC split difference between NIOSH and IMPROVE methods is even further perturbed following the instrument calibration. Further study is needed to determine if the widespread application of this oven temperature calibration procedure will indeed improve accuracy and our ability to compare among carbonaceous aerosol studies that use TOA.
MHD flows at astropauses and in astrotails
Authors: Nickeler D. H. , Wiegelmann T. , Karlický M. , Kraus M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. The geometrical shapes and the physical properties of stellar wind – interstellar medium interaction regions form an important stage for studying stellar winds and their embedded magnetic fields as well as cosmic ray modulation. Our goal is to provide a proper representation and classification of counter-flow configurations and counter-flow interfaces in the frame of fluid theory. In addition we calculate flows and large-scale electromagnetic fields based on which the large-scale dynamics and its role as possible background for particle acceleration, e.g., in the form of anomalous cosmic rays, can be studied. We find that for the definition of the boundaries, which are determining the astropause shape, the number and location of magnetic null points and stagnation points is essential. Multiple separatrices can exist, forming a highly complex environment for the interstellar and stellar plasma. Furthermore, the formation of extended tail structures occur naturally, and their stretched field and streamlines provide surroundings and mechanisms for the acceleration of particles by field-aligned electric fields.
Probabilistic calibration of a Greenland Ice Sheet model using spatially resolved synthetic observations: toward projections of ice mass loss with uncertainties
Authors: Chang W. , Applegate P. J. , Haran M. , Keller K.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Computer models of ice sheet behavior are important tools for projecting future sea level rise. The simulated modern ice sheets generated by these models differ markedly as input parameters are varied. To ensure accurate ice sheet mass loss projections, these parameters must be constrained using observational data. Which model parameter combinations make sense, given observations? Our method assigns probabilities to parameter combinations based on how well the model reproduces the Greenland Ice Sheet profile. We improve on the previous state of the art by accounting for spatial information and by carefully sampling the full range of realistic parameter combinations, using statistically rigorous methods. Specifically, we estimate the joint posterior probability density function of model parameters using Gaussian process-based emulation and calibration. This method is an important step toward calibrated probabilistic projections of ice sheet contributions to sea level rise, in that it uses data–model fusion to learn about parameter values. This information can, in turn, be used to make projections while taking into account various sources of uncertainty, including parametric uncertainty, data–model discrepancy, and spatial correlation in the error structure. We demonstrate the utility of our method using a perfect model experiment, which shows that many different parameter combinations can generate similar modern ice sheet profiles. This result suggests that the large divergence of projections from different ice sheet models is partly due to parametric uncertainty. Moreover, our method enables insight into ice sheet processes represented by parameter interactions in the model.
Real-time drought forecasting system for irrigation management
Authors: Ceppi A. , Ravazzani G. , Corbari C. , Salerno R. , Meucci S. , Mancini M.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. In recent years frequent periods of water scarcity have enhanced the need to use water more carefully, even in European areas which traditionally have an abundant supply of water, such as the Po Valley in northern Italy. In dry periods, water shortage problems can be enhanced by conflicting uses of water, such as irrigation, industry and power production (hydroelectric and thermoelectric). Furthermore, in the last decade the social perspective in relation to this issue has been increasing due to the possible impact of climate change and global warming scenarios which emerge from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013). Hence, the increased frequency of drought periods has stimulated the improvement of irrigation and water management. In this study we show the development and implementation of the PREGI real-time drought forecasting system; PREGI is an Italian acronym that means "hydro-meteorological forecast for irrigation management". The system, planned as a tool for irrigation optimization, is based on meteorological ensemble forecasts (20 members) at medium range (30 days) coupled with hydrological simulations of water balance to forecast the soil water content on a maize field in the Muzza Bassa Lodigiana (MBL) consortium in northern Italy. The hydrological model was validated against measurements of latent heat flux acquired by an eddy-covariance station, and soil moisture measured by TDR (time domain reflectivity) probes; the reliability of this forecasting system and its benefits were assessed in the 2012 growing season. The results obtained show how the proposed drought forecasting system is able to have a high reliability of forecast at least for 7–10 days ahead of time.
A sea ice concentration estimation algorithm utilizing radiometer and SAR data
Authors: Karvonen J.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. We have studied the possibility of combining the high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) segmentation and ice concentration estimated by radiometer brightness temperatures. Here we present an algorithm for mapping a radiometer-based concentration value for each SAR segment. The concentrations are estimated by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network which has the AMSR-2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) polarization ratios and gradient ratios of four radiometer channels as its inputs. The results have been compared numerically to the gridded Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) ice chart concentrations and high-resolution AMSR-2 ASI (ARTIST Sea Ice) algorithm concentrations provided by the University of Hamburg and also visually to the AMSR-2 bootstrap algorithm concentrations, which are given in much coarser resolution. The differences when compared to FMI daily ice charts were on average small. When compared to ASI ice concentrations, the differences were a bit larger, but still small on average. According to our comparisons, the largest differences typically occur near the ice edge and sea–land boundary. The main advantage of combining radiometer-based ice concentration estimation and SAR segmentation seems to be a more precise estimation of the boundaries of different ice concentration zones.
Area, volume and mass changes of southeast Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, from the Little Ice Age maximum in the late 19th century to 2010
Authors: Hannesdóttir H. , Björnsson H. , Pálsson F. , Aðalgeirsdóttir G. , Guðmundsson S.
Published: September 2014

Abstract. Area and volume changes and the average geodetic mass balance of the non-surging outlet glaciers of southeast Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, during different time periods between ~1890 and 2010, are derived from a multi-temporal glacier inventory. A series of digital elevation models (DEMs) (∼1890, 1904, 1936, 1945, 1989, 2002, 2010) have been compiled from glacial geomorphological features, historical photographs, maps, aerial images, DGPS measurements and a LiDAR survey. Given the mapped bedrock topography we estimate relative volume changes since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) ~1890. The variable dynamic response of the outlets, assumed to have experienced similar climate forcing, is related to their different hypsometry, bedrock topography, and the presence of proglacial lakes. In the post-LIA period the glacierized area decreased by 164 km2 and the glaciers had lost 10–30% of their ~1890 area by 2010. The glacier surface lowered by 150–270 m near the terminus and the outlet glaciers collectively lost 60 ± 8 km3 of ice, which is equivalent to 0.154 ± 0.02 mm of sea level rise. The relative volume loss of individual glaciers was in the range of 15–50%, corresponding to a geodetic mass balance between −0.70 and −0.32 m w.e. a−1. The rate of mass loss was most negative in the period 2002–2010, on average −1.34 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1, which lists among the most negative mass balance values recorded worldwide in the early 21st century. From the data set of volume and area of the outlets, spanning the 120 years post-LIA period, we evaluate the parameters of a volume-area power law scaling relationship.
Finite Element Simulation of Implant Placement following Extraction of a Single Tooth
Authors: Galbusera Fabio , Taschieri Silvio , Tsesis Igor , Francetti Luca , Del Fabbro Massimo
Published: September 2014

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess some possible factors influencing the bone stresses and remodeling process after the placement of an implant in a postextraction socket.

Methods

A finite element model of a portion of the maxilla was used. Three osseointegrated titanium dental implants with different thread profiles were placed into the extraction socket. Three different lengths, thus with different depth into the bone, were considered. Bone remodeling was simulated by using the strain energy density as the remodeling stimulus. A load with magnitude 200 N and inclination of 45° to the longitudinal axis in the lateral direction was applied directly to the implant.

Results

Both implant length and thread profile had an influence on the bone stresses, growth and loss after implantation. Longer implants reduced both the size of the bone loss area and the total bone mass loss.

Conclusions

It is not easy to establish the relationship of the long-term success of implantation and bone turnover activity via clinical trials. After a proper clinical validation, the protocol developed using computational modeling may become a viable option to predict the clinical outcome, even on a patient-specific basis, regarding its noninvasive and time-efficient nature.
Microbial Analysis of Biofilms on Cement Surfaces: An Investigation in Cement-Associated Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Korsch Michael , Walther Winfried , Marten Silke-Mareike , Obst Ursula
Published: September 2014

The cementation of implant-supported restorations always poses the risk of excess cement retained in the peri-implant sulcus despite careful clinical control. Excess cement can become the basis of colonization by oral microorganisms. As a result of the biofilm formation peri-mucositis or peri-implantitis may develop.

Complications were observed in the routine prosthetic restoration of implants when a methacrylate-based cement was used. These developed a few weeks after cementation of the suprastructure and caused bleeding on probing as well as suppuration from the peri-implant tissue. In the revision therapy, excess cement in the peri-implant sulcus was found in many cases. This excess cement was sampled from ten patients and investigated for biofilm formation. For this purpose, the cement samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial in situ colonization by 16S rDNA-based methods. In laboratory experiments, the methacrylate-based cement and two other dental cements were then investigated for their proneness to form biofilm. The results of the in situ and in vitro investigations revealed a strong tendency towards bacterial invasion of the methacrylate-based cement by opportunistic species and pathogens.
O Caso República Democrática do Congo no Tribunal Penal Internacional
Authors: Portella Junior José Carlos
Published: September 2014

O presente trabalho faz uma análise, a partir do caso República Democrática do Congo (RDC), das tendências e perspectivas para a atuação do Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) no julgamento e punição dos mais graves crimes praticados contra os direitos humanos, em violação ao Estatuto de Roma e aos tratados internacionais elaborados sobre a matéria. Também demonstra, com base no estudo do conflito naquele país africano e do Estatuto de Roma, de que forma o julgamento do caso RDC pode influir na consolidação e aprimoramento do funcionamento do TPI, de modo a colocar esta Corte no centro da arquitetura internacional de proteção aos direitos humanos.