bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Reading: Erich Auerbach and the Spätboot of Comparative Literature
Authors: Hutchinson Ben
Published: May 2017

Focusing in particular on Erich Auerbach's seminal essay ‘Philology of World Literature’ (1952), this essay proposes to re-examine the conceptualization of comparative literature in the post-WWII period not only from the perspective of its philological, but also from that of its historical self-understanding. Its principal concern will be to consider what it means to view this comparative philology as historical, which is to say in the context of how it emerges from the particular ‘historical perspectivism’ of the immediate post-war period. The category that best characterizes this philology, it will be argued, is that of late reading, a term that the essay coins as the hermeneutic counterpart to the artistic concept of late style. Characterized by its consciousness of coming at the end of the tradition of European high culture, late reading – at least in Auerbach's understanding of it – makes its very lateness a constituent element of its hermeneutics. Out of this sense of lateness emerges, the essay will argue, a view of comparative literature as defined by its distance from the normative maturity of classical European culture – by what one might term, in Frank Kermode's phrase, its ‘sense of an ending’. Auerbach's conception of world philology does not ignore the increasing obsolescence of the Eurocentric perspective, but rather makes this obsolescence the basis of its synoptic purview. As such, it continues to offer a model for how comparative literature may engage with the legacy of high European culture whilst acknowledging the limitations of its perspective.
Agro-Ecology for Potential Adaptation of Horticultural Systems to Climate Change: Agronomic and Energetic Performance Evaluation
Authors: Diacono Mariangela , Persiani Alessandro , Fiore Angelo , Montemurro Francesco , Canali Stefano
Published: May 2017

Adaptation can be a key factor that will shape the future severity of climate change impacts on food production. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of an agro-ecological approach based on various techniques as potential adaptation strategy in organic horticultural systems. A long-term field experiment was set up in Southern Italy, combining: (i) appropriate soil surface shaping; (ii) cash crop rotation; (iii) agro-ecological service crops (ASC) introduction as living mulch and complementary crops; (iv) tailored organic fertilization; and (v) alternative tillage strategies. In this paper, the first two-year results on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops, as well as energy consumptions through the Energy Analysis (EA) method are reported. Due to the climatic conditions that occurred, which were characterized by the absence of extreme climatic events (particularly rainfall), it was not possible to verify if the designed experimental device was able to mitigate the impact of climate change, whereas the EA indicated that total energy inputs were lower when ASC are introduced in cropping systems.
Behavioural Profiles of Brown and Sloth Bears in Captivity
Authors: Pastorino Giovanni Quintavalle , Christodoulides Yiannis , Curone Giulio , Pearce-Kelly Paul , Faustini Massimo , Albertini Mariangela , Preziosi Richard , Mazzola Silvia Michela
Published: May 2017

Three brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) individuals and two sloth bear (Melursus ursinus inornatus) individuals were observed in captivity to produce behavioural profiles for each individual. Data collected through behavioural observations were used to produce activity budgets, and to identify space usage and certain aspects of social behavior. Behaviour monitoring allowed the researchers to evaluate the welfare of the animals by identifying the occurrence of stereotypic behaviours, which are sometimes associated with stress. Behavioural profiles were created using data obtained through behavioural observations (coding) and keeper questionnaires (rating). The behavioural observations indicated a number of stereotypic behaviours in sloth bears but not in brown bears. The uniformity of zone usage was calculated to investigate if the enclosure size and features were adequate for use, and a social aspect of otherwise solitary animals was also identified. The behavioural profiles generated through coding and rating were compared to determine the reliability between these two methods in Ursids. Profiles were not compared between individuals since this study is not a comparison between different personality types but rather an effort (one of the few ones existing in literature) to select a valid and reproducible methodology capable of assessing personality in bears.
A State of the Art Review of Modal-Based Damage Detection in Bridges: Development, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Moughty John J. , Casas Joan R.
Published: May 2017

Traditionally, damage identification techniques in bridges have focused on monitoring changes to modal-based Damage Sensitive Features (DSFs) due to their direct relationship with structural stiffness and their spatial information content. However, their progression to real-world applications has not been without its challenges and shortcomings, mainly stemming from: (1) environmental and operational variations; (2) inefficient utilization of machine learning algorithms for damage detection; and (3) a general over-reliance on modal-based DSFs alone. The present paper provides an in-depth review of the development of modal-based DSFs and a synopsis of the challenges they face. The paper then sets out to addresses the highlighted challenges in terms of published advancements and alternatives from recent literature.
New Insights into the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Diers Martin
Published: May 2017

Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain and several additional symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, depressive episodes, and anxiety. The underlying pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is still poorly understood, and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Current research provides evidence for altered pain processing in chronic pain patients, and specifically in fibromyalgia patients, possibly based on altered functional connectivity and brain chemistry in brain regions within the pain processing system. Besides discussing evidence from studies applying brain imaging (specifically resting state fMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging)), the current review aims at providing an overview of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options. We will also summarize the most important results from recently performed brain imaging studies providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of various therapeutic approaches.
Raman Spectroscopy of Head and Neck Cancer: Separation of Malignant and Healthy Tissue Using Signatures Outside the “Fingerprint” Region
Authors: Holler Stephen , Mansley Elaina , Mazzeo Christopher , Donovan Michael , Sobrero Maximiliano , Miles Brett
Published: May 2017

The ability to rapidly and accurately discriminate between healthy and malignant tissue offers surgeons a tool for in vivo analysis that would potentially reduce operating time, facilitate quicker recovery, and improve patient outcomes. To this end, we investigate discrimination between diseased tissue and adjacent healthy controls from patients with head and neck cancer using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Our results indicate previously unreported peaks in the Raman spectra that lie outside the conventional “fingerprint” region (400 cm-1–1800 cm -1) played an important role in our analysis and in discriminating between the tissue classes. Preliminary multivariate statistical analyses of the Raman spectra indicate that discrimination between diseased and healthy tissue is possible based on these peaks.
A Feasibility Study of Personalized Prescription Schemes for Glioblastoma Patients Using a Proliferation and Invasion Glioma Model
Authors: Kim Minsun , Kotas Jakob , Rockhill Jason , Phillips Mark
Published: May 2017

Purpose: This study investigates the feasibility of personalizing radiotherapy prescription schemes (treatment margins and fractional doses) for glioblastoma (GBM) patients and their potential benefits using a proliferation and invasion (PI) glioma model on phantoms. Methods and Materials: We propose a strategy to personalize radiotherapy prescription schemes by simulating the proliferation and invasion of the tumor in 2D according to the PI glioma model. We demonstrate the strategy and its potential benefits by presenting virtual cases, where the standard and personalized prescriptions were applied to the tumor. Standard prescription was assumed to deliver 46 Gy in 23 fractions to the initial, gross tumor volume (GTV1) plus a 2 cm margin and an additional 14 Gy in 7 fractions to the boost GTV2 plus a 2 cm margin. The virtual cases include the tumors with a moving velocity of 0.029 (slow-move), 0.079 (average-move), and 0.13 (fast-move) mm/day for the gross tumor volume (GTV) with a radius of 1 (small) and 2 (large) cm. For each tumor size and velocity, the margin around GTV1 and GTV2 was varied between 0–6 cm and 1–3 cm, respectively. Equivalent uniform dose (EUD) to normal brain was constrained to the EUD value obtained by using the standard prescription. Various linear dose policies, where the fractional dose is linearly decreasing, constant, or increasing, were investigated to estimate the temporal effect of the radiation dose on tumor cell-kills. The goal was to find the combination of margins for GTV1 and GTV2 and a linear dose policy, which minimize the tumor cell-surviving fraction (SF) under a normal tissue constraint. The efficacy of a personalized prescription was evaluated by tumor EUD and the estimated survival time. Results: The personalized prescription for the slow-move tumors was to use 3.0–3.5 cm margins for GTV1, and a 1.5 cm margin for GTV2. For the average- and fast-move tumors, it was optimal to use a 6.0 cm margin for GTV1 and then 1.5–3.0 cm margins for GTV2, suggesting a course of whole brain therapy followed by a boost to a smaller volume. It was more effective to deliver the boost sequentially using a linearly decreasing fractional dose for all tumors. Personalized prescriptions led to surviving fractions of 0.001–0.465% compared to the standard prescription, and increased the tumor EUDs by 25.3–49.3% and estimated survival times by 7.6–22.2 months. Conclusions: Personalizing treatment margins based on the measured proliferative capacity of GBM tumor cells can potentially lead to significant improvements in tumor cell kill and related clinical outcomes.
Perovskite Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Risch Marcel
Published: May 2017

Oxygen reduction is considered a key reaction for electrochemical energy conversion but slow kinetics hamper application in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. In this review, the prospect of perovskite oxides for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media is reviewed with respect to fundamental insight into activity and possible mechanisms. For gaining these insights, special emphasis is placed on highly crystalline perovskite films that have only recently become available for electrochemical interrogation. The prospects for applications are evaluated based on recent progress in the synthesis of perovskite nanoparticles. The review concludes with the current understanding of oxygen reduction on perovskite oxides and a perspective on opportunities for future fundamental and applied research.
Maximum-Order Complexity and Correlation Measures
Authors: Işık Leyla , Winterhof Arne
Published: May 2017

We estimate the maximum-order complexity of a binary sequence in terms of its correlation measures. Roughly speaking, we show that any sequence with small correlation measure up to a sufficiently large order k cannot have very small maximum-order complexity.
Domain Patterning in Ion-Sliced LiNbO3 Films by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Volk Tatyana , Gainutdinov Radmir , Zhang Haihua
Published: May 2017

Photonic structures denoted as LNOI (LiNbO3-on-insulator) are of considerable interest for integrated optics due to a high refractive-index contrast provided by the interface LiNbO3/insulator. A topical problem for LNOI-based optical waveguides is optical-frequency conversion, in particular realized on ferroelectric domains on the basis of quasi phase-matching principle. This paper presents extended studies on the fabrication of domain patterns by atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods (raster lithography, piezo-force microscopy, conductive AFM) in single-crystal ion-sliced LiNbO3 films forming LNOI sandwiches. A body of data obtained on writing characteristics of domains and specified 1D and 2D domain patterns permitted us to manipulate the domain sizes and shapes. Of special importance is the stability of created patterns, which persist with no degradation during observation times of months. The domain coalescence leading to the transformation of a discrete domain pattern to a continuous one was investigated. This specific effect—found in thin LiNbO3 layers for the first time—was attributed to the grounding of space-charges accumulated on domain walls. Observations of an enhanced static conduction at domain walls exceeding that in surrounding areas by not less than by five orders of magnitude supports this assumption. AFM domain writing in ion-sliced films serves as a basis for studies in nonlinear photonic crystals in integrated optical schemes.
Using Neutron Diffraction to Investigate Texture Evolution During Consolidation of Deuterated Triaminotrinitrobenzene (d-TATB) Explosive Powder
Authors: Luscher Darby , Yeager John , Clausen Bjørn , Vogel Sven , Higginbotham Duque Amanda , Brown Donald
Published: May 2017

Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) is a highly anisotropic molecular crystal used in several plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) formulations. A complete understanding of the orientation distribution of TATB particles throughout a PBX charge is required to understand spatially variable, anisotropic macroscale properties of the charge. Although texture of these materials can be measured after they have been subjected to mechanical or thermal loads, measuring texture evolution in situ is important in order to identify mechanisms of crystal deformation and reorientation used to better inform thermomechanical models. Neutron diffraction measurements were used to estimate crystallographic reorientation while deuterated TATB (d-TATB) powder was consolidated into a cylindrical pellet via a uniaxial die-pressing operation at room temperature. Both the final texture of the pressed pellet and the in situ evolution of texture during pressing were measured, showing that the d-TATB grains reorient such that (001) poles become preferentially aligned with the pressing direction. A compaction model is used to predict the evolution of texture in the pellet during the pressing process, finding that the original model overpredicted the texture strength compared to these measurements. The theory was extended to account for initial particle shape and pore space, bringing the results into good agreement with the data.
Preparation, Crystal structure and Luminescence Properties of Lanthanide Complexes with 2,4,6-tri(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and Organic Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Li Jingjing , Zhang Xueqiong , Yue Bin , Wang Ailing , Chu Haibin , Zhao Yongliang
Published: May 2017

Five crystal complexes {[Eu2(TPTZ)2(mNBA)6(H2O)2]·2CH3OH}n (1), [Eu(TPTZ)(CF3COO)(H2O)5]·Cl2·CH3CH2OH (2), {[Yb2(TPTZ)2(BDC)3]·2H2O}n (3), [Yb(TPTZ)Cl(H2O)4]·Cl2 (4) and [Er(TPTZ)(TTA)Cl2] (5) (mNBA = m-nitro benzoate, BDC = terephthalate, TTA = thenoyltrifluoroacetone, TPTZ = 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) have been synthesized. The single X-ray diffraction reveals that TPTZ is mainly in the trident coordination mode and organic aromatic carboxylic acids are in the multiple coordination modes in the crystals. The composition of solvents, reaction temperature and reactant ratios all affect the composition and structure of the formed crystals. Crystals 1 and 3 belong to triclinic system, while the other three belong to monoclinic system. Among them, Crystal complexes 1 and 3 are coordination polymers. The other three crystals are mononuclear complexes with LnШ ions in the asymmetric environment. Both of the Crystal complexes 1 and 2 show strong luminescence emissions of Eu3+. The luminescence lifetimes of the two complexes are 0.761 ms and 0.447 ms, respectively. In addition, their luminescence quantum efficiencies are 25.0% and 16.7%, respectively.
“Against the Dog Only a Dog”. Talking Canines Civilizing Cynicism in Cervantes’ “coloquio de los perros” (With Tentative Remarks on the Discourse and Method of Animal Studies)
Authors: Mayfield DS
Published: May 2017

Deriving its designation from the Greek word for ‘dog’, cynicism is likely the only philosophical ‘interest group’ with a diachronically dependable affinity for various animals—particularly those of the canine kind. While dogs have met with differing value judgments, chiefly along a perceived human–animal divide, it is specifically discourses with cynical affinities that render problematic this transitional field. The Cervantine “coloquio de los perros” has received scholarly attention for its (caninely) picaresque themes, its “cynomorphic” (Ziolkowski) narratological technique, its socio-historically informative accounts relating to Early Modern Europe and the Iberian peninsula, including its ‘zoopoetically’ (Derrida) relevant portrayal of dogs (see e.g., Alves, Beusterien, Martín); nor did the dialog’s mention of cynical snarling go unnoticed. The essay at hand commences with a chapter on questions of method pertaining to ‘animal narration’: with recourse to Montaigne, Descartes, and Derrida, this first part serves to situate the ensuing close readings with respect to the field of Animal Studies. The analysis of the Cervantine texts synergizes thematic and narratological aspects at the discourse historical level; it commences with a brief synopsis of the respective novellas in part 2; Section 3, Section 4 and Section 5 supply a description of the rhetorical modes of crafting plausibility in the framework narrative (“The Deceitful Marriage”), of pertinent (Scriptural) intertexts for the “Colloquy”. Parts 6–7 demonstrate that the choice of canine interlocutors as narrating agencies—and specifically in their capacity as dogs—is discursively motivated: no other animal than this animal, and precisely as animal, would here serve the discursive purpose that is concurrently present with the literal plane; for this dialogic novella partakes of a (predominantly Stoicizing) tradition attempting to resocialize the Cynics, which commences already with the appearance of the Ancient arch-Cynic ‘Diogenes’ on the scene. At the discursive level, a diachronic contextualization evinces that the Cervantine text takes up and outperforms those rhetorical techniques of reintegration by melding Christian, Platonic, Stoicizing elements with such as are reminiscent of Diogenical ones. Reallocating Blumenberg’s reading of a notorious Goethean dictum, this essay submits the formula ‘against the Dog only a dog’ as a concise précis of the Cervantine method at the discursive level, attained to via a decidedly pluralized rhetorical sermocination featuring, at a literal level, specifically canine narrators in a dialogic setting.
Comparing Business Experts and Novices in Complex Problem Solving
Authors: Güss C. , Devore Edelstein Hannah , Badibanga Ali , Bartow Sandy
Published: May 2017

Business owners are faced with complex problems and are required to make decisions on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to investigate complex problem solving (CPS) between experts and novices and to explore the competing theories of expert-rigidity versus expert-adaptability, as part of exploring which theory better explains crystallized intelligence. Participants were 140 business owners, business management undergraduate students and psychology students. Each participant managed a highly complex simulated chocolate company. Decisions and systems data were automatically saved in log files. Results revealed that small business owners performed best, followed by business students and then psychology students. A process analysis revealed that experts compared to novices spent more time initially exploring the complex situation. Experts were found to have greater flexibility in their decisions, having made the most personnel and advertising changes in response to situational demands. Adaptability and flexibility were predictive of performance, with results supporting the adaptability/flexibility theory of expertise. This study shows the influence of expertise on complex problem solving and the importance of flexibility when solving dynamic business problems. Complex business simulations are not only useful tools for research, but could also be used as tools in training programs teaching decision making and problem solving strategies.
Microstructure and Properties of the Interface Area in the Laser Cladded Ni Based Coatings on the 1Cr10Mo1NiWVNbN Steel
Authors: Chen Yunxia , Guo Yanbing , Lu Binfeng , Xu Mengjia , Xu Jianhui
Published: May 2017

The Ni-based coatings were deposited on the 1Cr10Mo1NiWVNbN steel by using laser cladding process. The microstructure and properties of the coatings interface area were investigated by OM (Optical Microscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) microhardness test and EDS (Energy Spectrum Analysis) analysis. The results show that the bonding condition of the coatings interface is different in the monolayer and the trilayer. The monolayer coatings have a small dilution area. The dilution rate in a coating layer increases by layers. The scale of ferrite (α) phase increases with the layer increases. The surface cladding quality of a monolayer is better than that of the trilayer coatings. The width of the interface increases with the increase of the layer. The width of the interface region in the trilayer coatings increases significantly. The microhardness of the interface zone is much higher than that in the coatings zone and the substrate zone. The microhardness of trilayer coatings is higher than that of the monolayer.
An Electrostatic MEMS Translational Scanner with Large Out-of-Plane Stroke for Remote Axial-Scanning in Multi-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Li Haijun , Duan Xiyu , Li Gaoming , Oldham Kenn , Wang Thomas
Published: May 2017

We present an electrostatic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonant scanner with large out-of-plane translational stroke for fast axial-scanning in a multi-photon microscope system for real-time vertical cross-sectional imaging. The scanner has a compact footprint with dimensions of 2.1 mm × 2.1 mm × 0.44 mm, and employs a novel lever-based compliant mechanism to enable large vertical displacements of a reflective mirror with slight tilt angles. Test results show that by using parametrical resonance, the scanner can provide a fast out-of-plane translational motion with ≥400 μm displacement and ≤0.14° tilt angle over a wide frequency range of ~390 Hz at ambient pressure. By employing this MEMS translational scanner and a biaxial MEMS mirror for lateral scanning, vertical cross-sectional imaging with a beam axial-scanning range of 200 μm and a frame rate of ~5–10 Hz is enabled in a remote scan multi-photon fluorescence imaging system.
Raspberry-Like Bismuth Oxychloride on Mesoporous Siliceous Support for Sensitive Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Cadmium
Authors: Song Yiyan , Xu Zhihui , Yu Xinyu , Shi Xueyan , Jiang Huijun , Li Xiaoming , Kong Yan , Xu Qin , Chen Jin
Published: May 2017

BiOCl-SiO2 KIT-6 composite materials with raspberry-like structures are facilely prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The mesoporous siliceous support of SiO2 KIT-6-incorporated BiOCl with enlarged yet refined surface morphology characterized by physiochemical methods exhibits an improved electrochemical performance. A sensitive electrochemical detection method of cadmium concentration using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry was developed based on BiOCl-SiO2 KIT-6 composite-modified glassy carbon electrodes, which displayed wide linear ranges of 0.5 to 10 μg/L and 10 to 300 μg/L and a detection limit of 65 ng/L. The sensitive, versatile and eco-friendly sensor was successfully applied for the determination of cadmium-spiked human blood samples.
Isolaurenidificin and Bromlaurenidificin, Two New C15-Acetogenins from the Red Alga Laurencia obtusa
Authors: Bawakid Nahed , Alarif Walied , Alburae Najla , Alorfi Hajer , Al-Footy Khalid , Al-Lihaibi Sultan , Ghandourah Mohamed
Published: May 2017

Chromatographic fractionation of the CH2Cl2/MeOH extract of the Red Sea red alga Laurencia obtusa gave two new hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-based C15-acetogenins, namely, isolaurenidificin (1) and bromlaurenidificin (2). The chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of their spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 showed no toxicity (LC50 > 12 mM) using Artemia salina as test organism. Both compounds showed weak cytotoxicity against A549, HepG-2, HCT116, MCF-7, and PC-3 cells, however, they exhibited a relatively potent cytotoxic activity against peripheral blood neutrophils. This can be attributed partly to induction of apoptosis.
Food Sources of Energy and Nutrients in Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012
Authors: Denney Liya , Afeiche Myriam C. , Eldridge Alison L. , Villalpando-Carrión Salvador
Published: May 2017

Food sources of nutrients in Mexican children are not well known. To fill the knowledge gap, dietary intake was assessed in 2057 children using a 24-hour dietary recall. All reported foods and beverages were assigned to one of 76 food groups. Percent contribution of each food group to nutrient intake was estimated for four age groups: 0–5.9, 6–11.9, 12–23.9, and 24–47.9 months. Breast milk, infant formula, and cow’s milk were the top sources of energy and nutrients, especially in younger groups. Among infants aged 6–11.9 months, the top food sources of energy included soups and stews, cookies, fruit, tortillas, eggs and egg dishes, and traditional beverages. The same foods plus sweetened breads, dried beans, and sandwiches and tortas were consumed as the top sources of energy among toddlers and young children. Milk, soups, and stews were the top contributors for all nutrients and tortillas, eggs, and egg dishes were among the top contributors for iron and zinc. This study showed that low nutrient-dense cookies, sweetened breads, and traditional beverages were among the core foods consumed early in life in Mexico. This compromises the intake of more nutritious foods such as vegetables and fortified cereals and increases the risk of obesity.
Green Tea Polyphenols, Mimicking the Effects of Dietary Restriction, Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Kidney Injury via Regulating Autophagy Flux
Authors: Xie Xiao , Yi Weijie , Zhang Piwei , Wu Nannan , Yan Qiaoqiao , Yang Hui , Tian Chong , Xiang Siyun , Du Miying , Getachew Assefa Eskedar , Zuo Xuezhi , Ying Chenjiang
Published: May 2017

Epidemiological and experimental studies reveal that Western dietary patterns contribute to chronic kidney disease, whereas dietary restriction (DR) or dietary polyphenols such as green tea polyphenols (GTPs) can ameliorate the progression of kidney injury. This study aimed to investigate the renal protective effects of GTPs and explore the underlying mechanisms. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: standard diet (STD), DR, high-fat diet (HFD), and three diets plus 200 mg/kg(bw)/day GTPs, respectively. After 18 weeks, HFD group exhibited renal injuries by increased serum cystatin C levels and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase activity, which can be ameliorated by GTPs. Meanwhile, autophagy impairment as denoted by autophagy-lysosome related proteins, including LC3-II, Beclin-1, p62, cathepsin B, cathepsin D and LAMP-1, was observed in HFD group, whereas DR or GTPs promoted renal autophagy activities and GTPs ameliorated HFD-induced autophagy impairment. In vitro, autophagy flux suppression was detected in palmitic acid (PA)-treated human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), which was ameliorated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Furthermore, GTPs (or EGCG) elevated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in the kidneys of HFD-treated rats and in PA-treated HK-2 cells. These findings revealed that GTPs mimic the effects of DR to induce autophagy and exert a renal protective effect by alleviating HFD-induced autophagy suppression.
Novel Wet Micro-Contact Deprinting Method for Patterning Gold Nanoparticles on PEG-Hydrogels and Thereby Controlling Cell Adhesion
Authors: Yesildag Cigdem , Bartsch Christoph , De Vicente Gonzalo , Lensen Marga
Published: May 2017

In the present work we introduce a novel method to create linear and rectangular micro-patterns of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. The strategy consists of removing Au NPs from defined regions of the silicon wafer by virtue of the swelling effect of the hydrogel. Using this method, which we denote as “Wet Micro-Contact Deprinting”, well-defined micro-patterns of Au NPs on silicon can be created. This resulting pattern is then transferred from the hard substrate to the soft surface of PEG-hydrogels. These unique micro- and nano-patterned hydrogels were cultured with mouse fibroblasts L929 cells. The cells selectively adhered on the Au NPs coated area and avoided the pure PEG material. These patterned, nanocomposite biointerfaces are not only useful for biological and biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and diagnostics, but also, for biosensor applications taking advantage of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects, due to the optical properties of the Au NPs.
Does Ideological Education in China Suppress Trust in Religion and Foster Trust in Government?
Authors: Xie Ying , Tong Yunping , Yang Fenggang
Published: May 2017

A major goal of ideological education in China is to promote loyalty to the party-state and to instill atheism among the people. How effective is this ideological education? This article examines the relationship between education and trust in government and trust in religion using data from the 2010 Chinese General Social Survey. We find that education is negatively associated with trust in government, while positively related to trust in religion. Our findings suggest that policies aimed at displacing religion in favor of the Communist ideology have largely failed to shape the public mindset; rather, the more educated, the more people tend to trust religion instead of the government.
Comparative LCA of Alternative Scenarios for Waste Treatment: The Case of Food Waste Production by the Mass-Retail Sector
Authors: Mondello Giovanni , Salomone Roberta , Ioppolo Giuseppe , Saija Giuseppe , Sparacia Sergio , Lucchetti Maria
Published: May 2017

Food waste is one of the most important issues taken into account by the European Union due to its negative environmental, economic and social impacts. The treatment of food waste through recycling processes represents a solution for food waste minimisation. Concerning, in particular, the retail sector, it is necessary to define strategies for retail-oriented sustainable food waste management. The aim of this study is to compare the potential environmental impacts related to five scenarios (landfill, incineration, composting, anaerobic digestion and bioconversion through insects) for the disposal/treatment of food waste produced by a mass retail company operating in Messina (Italy) through the application of the Life Cycle Assessment method, in order to find the best treatment solution. Results based on the treatment of a functional unit of 1 tonne of food waste show that the bioconversion scenario represents the most preferable solution considering all of the impact categories analysed through the CML 2 baseline 2000 method, except for Global Warming, for which higher environmental performances are connected to the anaerobic digestion scenario. The incineration and the bioconversion scenarios show the highest environmental benefits when the production of alternative energy sources and valuable materials is evaluated through the inclusion of the avoided productions in the analysis.
Androgen Levels and Body Size Are Associated with Directional as Well as Fluctuating Asymmetry Patterns in Adult !Kung San and Kavango Males from Northern Namibia
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia , Christiansen Kerrin
Published: May 2017

Fluctuating asymmetry is mainly interpreted as an indicator of developmental instability, while directional asymmetry of the upper limbs is associated with handedness. The association patterns between adult androgen levels and fluctuating as well directional asymmetry patterns are still unclear. In the present study, the association between adult androgen levels, body size and directional as well as fluctuating asymmetry pattern was tested among !Kung San and Kavango males from northern Namibia. Serum concentrations of testosterone (Tser) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as well as salivary testosterone (Tsal) concentrations were obtained from 114 !Kung San and 136 Kavango men aged 18–40 years. Fluctuating and directional asymmetry were determined from eight paired traits. Signed and unsigned asymmetry, composite fluctuating and directional asymmetry were calculated. !Kung San males surpassed their Kavango counterparts in the directional asymmetry but also in composite directional asymmetry (CDA) significantly. Among !Kung San males, DHT correlated significantly negatively with parameters of fluctuating asymmetry as well as with parameters of directional asymmetry. Free testosterone of the saliva correlated significantly negatively with asymmetry of hand length. Among Kavango males, DHT is negatively associated with foot breadth asymmetry, but positively associated with wrist asymmetry. Although the correlations between asymmetry patterns and androgen levels are weak, it can be concluded that among !Kung San males adult androgen levels are negatively associated with a high quality phenotype.
Le scénario de Lacombe Lucien (1974) par Louis Malle et Patrick Modiano : une écriture à quatre mains
Authors: Feste-Guidon Aurélie
Published: May 2017

Als der Film Lacombe Lucien von Louis Malle im Jahre 1974 einen Skandal mit politischen Nebentönen auslöste, haftete ihm fortan das Prädikat «Retro » an. Dem (Vor) urteil wurde noch Vorschub geleistet durch die Wahl des Co-Drehbuchautors, Patrick Modiano, der als Schriftsteller Vorreiter dieser Mode in der Literatur galt, dessen Beitrag für den Film indes überwertet wurde. Lacombe Lucien ist allerdings ganz und gar ein Werk Louis Malles, der es lange mit sich herumgetragen und mehrfach umgearbeitet hat. Zunächst schwebte ihm die Geschichte eines mexikanischen Lumpenproletariers vor, dann die Schilderung von Menschen in kolonialen Konflikten (Vietnam und Algerien), um dann schliesslich, im Frankreich des Zweiten Weltkrieges, aus seinem Protagonisten einen Milizsoldaten und zuletzt einen Angehöriger der Gestapo zu machen. Malle hat, als er auf Modiano zugeht, also bereits mehrere Drehbücher geschrieben. Der Beitrag des Schriftstellers ist dennoch wesentlich ; er füllt die vorgegebene Synopsis Louis Malles mit Inhalten seines eigenen Universum, ohne dabei jedoch die Anliegen des Cineasten aus den Augen zu verlieren.
Les « espies » de la Trémoille et le Comte Guillaume de Fürstenberg : à propos d’une nouvelle de Marguerite de Navarre
Authors: Vissiere Laurent
Published: May 2017

Die 17. Erzählung des Heptaméron berichtet, wie Ludwig II. de La Trémoille, Gouverneur von Burgund, das Mordplan des Grafen Wilhelm von Fürstenberg gegen König Franz I. zu vereiteln wusste. Dieser Bericht, der die schönsteWürdigung für das durch La Trémoille unterhaltene Spionagenetz im Reich darstellt, wurde nie wirklich untersucht. Weder das Datum der Begebenheit noch auch seine historische Wahrheit konnten nachgewiesen werden. Dennoch ist es möglich, die Erzählung einer ganzen Reihe von originalen Briefen, die in Frankreich und Deutschland aufbewahrt werden, gegenüberzustellen. Während des Sommers 1521 scheint der Graf von Fürstenberg tatsächlich gegen den König einen Komplott geschmiedet zu haben, als dieser Truppen in Champagne zusammenzog, um auf Kriegszug gegen den Kaiser zu gehen.
La publication des ordonnances des rois de France : trois cents ans de travaux
Authors: Baudouin-Matuszek Marie-Noëlle
Published: May 2017

Louis XIV, vers 1700, lança une vaste entreprise de publication des actes législatifs royaux depuis Hugues Capet. La tâche fut successivement confiée à différentes institutions : la Chancellerie (jusqu’en 1790) puis l’Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (1804-1849) produisirent le premier «Recueil des ordonnances » , conçu comme un instrument juridique avant de se muer, avec la chute de l’Ancien Régime, en publication historique de la législation royale jusqu’en 1514. Ensuite, l’Académie des sciences morales et politiques (1883-1990) puis l’université Paris-IV, désormais avec le concours du CNRS et des Archives nationales, ont publié le Catalogue des actes de François Ier, suivi de celui des actes de Henri II, ainsi que la «Collection des ordonnances » . Irremplaçable instrument pour connaître l’évolution du pouvoir royal et plus généralement l’histoire sociale et institutionnelle, mais aussi reflet de l’évolution des conceptions et méthodes de l’histoire, l’entreprise se poursuit désormais en s’adaptant aux moyens nouveaux d’édition et de diffusion.
À rebours : des parchemins milanais de Paris et Halle à la collection oubliée de Giovanni Sitoni (1674-1762)
Authors: Fois Luca
Published: May 2017

La reconstruction de la collection démembrée de Giovanni Sitoni di Scozia, érudit milanais du XVIIIe siècle, à partir d’un ensemble de parchemins médiévaux conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale de France, révèle un pan de l’histoire des collections de documents entre le XVIIIe et le XXe siècle. Constituée dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle, la collection fut dispersée un siècle plus tard, passant entre les mains de grands collectionneurs et de libraires (Guglielmo Libri, Lord Ashburnham, Carlo Morbio, Étienne et Noël Charavay), jusqu’à l’acquisition d’importants ensembles par des bibliothèques de France, d’Allemagne et d’Italie, à l’initiative de conservateurs perspicaces (Delisle, Cantù, Schum). Ces parcours divers ont préservé quelque 1 200 parchemins qui auraient autrement été voués en grande partie à la destruction. Ce patrimoine permet de récrire (voire d’écrire ex nihilo) certains épisodes de l’histoire de la plus grande ville d’Italie septentrionale, notamment en ce qui concerne l’activité de l’Inquisition.
Une charte nuptiale laonnoise de 1158 conservée en original
Authors: Morelle Laurent
Published: May 2017

Connu jusqu’à présent par une seule copie abrégée dans le cartulaire du chapitre cathédral de Laon de 1238-1239, l’original d’une charte de constitution de douaire datée de 1158 a récemment ressurgi ; examiné avant sa mise en vente, il est ici publié et commenté. La charte, souscrite par le chancelier épiscopal Angot et scellée du sceau de l’évêque Gautier de Mortagne, est l’oeuvre d’un scribe travaillant auprès du chapitre de Laon. Ses abondantes souscriptions permettent de préciser l’environnement social de l’époux, le chevalier Enguerrand de Loisy, auteur et disposant de l’acte. La thématique de son préambule est rapprochée des canons promulgués en 1157 par le concile anti-hérétique de Reims. Enfin, l’étude examine les circonstances qui amenèrent en 1189 l’épouse Légarde à remettre sa charte au chapitre cathédral et à accepter de voir bridée sa faculté d’en disposer.
Les chartes décorées à l’époque romane
Authors: Maxwell Robert A.
Published: May 2017

Si l’époque romane n’a pas produit autant de chartes ornées que les siècles suivants, on en conserve d’importants exemples, qui révèlent une très grande diversité d’images. De simples dessins en guise de souscription jusqu’aux enluminures en pleine page faisant honneur au donateur, les images commémoraient souvent le contenu de l’acte : par exemple une fondation par la représentation d’une église, ou les décisions d’un concile par le portrait des évêques présents. Parfois elles illustrent aussi le rituel lié à l’acte, mettant en scène les protagonistes ou la remise de la charte. Ces quelques exemples révèlent les divers rôles de l’image dans les actes et surtout sa capacité de traduire des allusions et significations au-delà du message porté par le texte. Les chartes décorées méritent également d’être mises en rapport avec les cartulaires enluminés, autre catégorie documentaire contenant parfois des représentations symboliques de rituels juridiques.
Entre art et pouvoir : l’illustration des chartes en France (fin du XIIIe-milieu du XVe siècle)
Authors: Brunel Ghislain
Published: May 2017

À partir des années 1270, les actes des autorités françaises subissent une mutation quasi imperceptible : le visage humain, l’animal ou l’hybride se nichent dans les initiales des chartes. Officialités, juridictions royales et seigneuriales, seigneurs locaux sont emportés dans cet essor de l’image auquel les derniers Capétiens donnent une impulsion décisive. Tout en construisant une emblématique dynastique qui sera le socle de l’iconographie postérieure, ils accaparent finalement l’illustration des chartes à leur profit. Philippe VI de Valois en fait un véritable instrument de pouvoir et de célébration de la dynastie, préfigurant l’action de son petit-fils, Charles V, sous lequel les actes illustrés connaissent leur heure de gloire. Leur efficacité visuelle tient pour beaucoup aux capacités d’innovation des scribes et des artistes engagés dans cette pratique artistique et politique. Mal connus, parfois identifiables au fil de plusieurs réalisations par leur style et leurs motifs de prédilection, ils font rapidement circuler leurs modèles et leurs inventions. Contribuant à la mémoire d’un événement, d’un moment, d’un lien d’homme à homme, les chartes ornées dessinent aussi les contours du domaine réservé des rois et des princes.
Les chartes médiévales enluminées dans les pays d’Europe centrale
Authors: Roland Martin , Zajic Andreas
Published: May 2017

Many examples of decorated and illuminated charters survive in European archives, yet because they are widely scattered, their diplomatic and artistic significance has never received the consideration it deserves. This article off ers terminological definitions of the field and a general outline of the development of these documents, focusing successively on diff erent types of charters and examining the variety of social, artistic, individual and legal parameters reflected in each act. Central Europe is also placed within a wider European context by discussing acts written at the Roman Curia, which were similar in form for recipients from all countries but were issued especially often for petitioners from Central Europe, and imperial grants of arms, many of which were written and illustrated for Italian benefi ciaries.
Les chartes ornées : pour un parcours comparatif
Authors: Guyotjeannin Olivier
Published: May 2017

Récemment révélé, le recours à l’image dans les productions diplomatiques médiévales et modernes suscite de multiples questions sur le statut et la réception de l’acte et du document d’archives, sur l’imbrication des messages de l’auteur et des attentes du destinataire. Le pouvoir d’évocation des images interroge sur leur rapport avec le texte : la pratique se développe dans des proportions certes limitées si on la rapporte à l’emballement de la production ; sa chronologie (à compter de la fi n du XIIIe siècle) et son répertoire suivent ceux, plus précoces, de l’illustration des livres, de la diffusion des sceaux, des images de pierre ; la communauté avec l’Europe orientale, byzantine au premier chef, incite enfin à décloisonner les espaces de circulation. Les enquêtes disponibles permettent de restituer la palette des motivations : représentation plus ou moins codée de l’objet de l’acte, soutien de la dévotion, épiphanie du pouvoir, «autorisation » de produits insuffisamment authentifiés… La typologie foisonnante des écrits qui engagent le dialogue entre lettres, signes et décors semble désormais maîtrisée, mais il faut encore recourir à l’hypothèse pour proposer une carte fi ne des jeux d’influence et d’imitation d’un type vers l’autre.
La grosse mère, la marâtre et la fillette : une enquête pour meurtre d’enfant en 1459
Authors: Beaulande-Barraud Véronique
Published: May 2017

Le 30 juin 1459, Margueron Advignon, habitante de Saint-Lumier en Champagne, est exécutée sur le bûcher pour le meurtre d’une enfant d’un an. Le dossier de l’enquête permet de reconstituer l’affaire et, surtout, révèle le tissu social que le meurtre a déchiré. S’y expriment l’affection des parents pour leur enfant, mais aussi celle de la grand-mère criminelle pour ses propres petites-filles, demi-soeurs de la victime, qu’elle estimait maltraitées : d’où sa haine envers la «marâtre » , que connaissait tout le village. La justice seigneuriale mène l’enquête pendant trois semaines avec le concours de la justice royale, mieux équipée, les officiers se transportant entre Saint-Lumier et Vitry-en-Perthois puis à Bar-le-Duc pour l’exécution. Le dossier est édité en annexe : interrogatoires de Margueron, témoignages de onze adultes et deux enfants, rapport médical, délibérations des officiers, enfin condamnation et exécution. Il offre des éclairages multiples et inhabituels sur une société et ses ramifications au-delà même du village.
Les formations superficielles et leur signification morphologique en Ardenne sud-occidentale
Authors: Voisin Léon
Published: May 2017

Les cailloutis issus de l'Hettangien, les formations à silex, spicules et microfaune qui témoignent de l'extension du Crétacé supérieur, les placages sableux supposés tertiaires à organismes non encore déterminés, sont étudiés sur le Plateau de Rocroi et son environnement immédiat.

Certains dépôts de terrasse : La Grandville, Faux, Mairupt, et quelques formations attribuables au Pliocène, sables de Meillier-Fontaine ou cailloutis quartzeux des Marquisades, constituent de précieux jalons pour l'histoire géomorphologique de cette région, et particulièrement pour celle de son réseau hydrographique.

Les dernières retouches de périodes froides ont, dans ce domaine à substrat schisteux essentiel, décapé le plateau et empâté les bas de pentes. La palynologie apparaît comme une technique privilégiée pour l'étude des formations triées qui résultent de cette double action.
La perception des espaces urbains, essai sur les images de centres-villes
Authors: Vant André
Published: May 2017

Perception of urban spaces : essay on the images of town-centre.

Through many examples, the author tries to outline the images of town-centres. The contents of the image of a town-centre are not simple. Generally, its limits go beyond those of a centre defined by objective criteria. The perception of the centre plays a major part in the feeling of belonging to the town. But the image of the centre varies according to the individual's age and sex and his socio-professional category. There is often a discrepancy between the image of the centre and reality.
Eléments pour une épistémologie de la géographie du tourisme
Authors: Reynaud Alain
Published: May 2017

Elements for an epistemology of the geography of tourism. Tourism, a recent sector of geography, has long been ignored because it put to question some basic geographical concepts, especially the concept of roots. Thus, one common expression of tourism is a derealization of decision, of men and even of landscapes. The study of the phenomena of tourism is an opportunity to raise questions on the part played by natural factors and on the concept of region and to put the stress on space organization. Now, the geography of tourism has been quickly developing for a few years and can be considered as a key-sector of the new geography.