bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Fjords Are Excellent Natural Infrastructure for Climate Impact Studies
Authors: Salvanes Anne Gro Vea , Gallo Natalya D. , Solås Martine Røysted , Saltalamacchia Francesco , Aksnes Dag L. , Darelius Elin , Christiansen Svenja , Folkvord Arild , Hosia Aino , Kaartvedt Stein , Levin Lisa , Limburg Karin , Martell Luis , Midtøy Frank , Myksvoll Mari , Risebrobakken Bjørg , Savolainen Heikki , Skadal Julie , Staby Arved
Published: January 2025

Fjords provide valuable research opportunities for marine scientists. They are excellent natural infrastructure for climate impact studies associated with hypoxic episodes and consequences for mesopelagic and deep‐sea ecosystems involving oceanographic circulation processes and basin water renewals. Repeated sampling from the same populations is possible, making fjords excellent systems for developing time series of data for climate impact studies. We provide an overview of the 14 years of data from Norwegian West Coast fjords, focusing on Masfjorden, and report major findings from Oslofjorden in Eastern Norway, exhibiting recurrent hypoxia in the basin waters. We document that the oxygen levels in Masfjorden decreased rapidly by over 60% at 450 m depth in < 8 years, which is much faster than the average rate of deoxygenation in the global ocean. We also discuss the increase in the deep‐sea and low‐light‐adapted coronate jellyfish Periphylla periphylla in view of altered optical conditions of the basin water potentially related to deoxygenation. We argue that fjords like Masfjorden and Oslofjorden are not only macrocosms for ecological processes but also are likely an accelerated version of deep oceans with respect to climate impacts.
Arrestin‐independent internalization of the GLP‐1 receptor is facilitated by a GRK, clathrin, and caveolae‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Moo Ee Von , Møller Thor Christian , Sørensen Frederikke Astrid , Inoue Asuka , Bräuner‐Osborne Hans
Published: January 2025

The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) plays an important role in regulating insulin secretion and reducing body weight, making it a prominent target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Extensive research on GLP‐1R signaling has provided insights into the connection between receptor function and physiological outcomes, such as the correlation between Gs signaling and insulin secretion, yet the exact mechanisms regulating signaling remain unclear. Here, we explore the internalization pathway of GLP‐1R, which is crucial for controlling insulin release and maintaining pancreatic beta‐cell function. Utilizing a reliable and sensitive time‐resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR‐FRET) internalization assay, combined with HEK293‐derived knockout cell lines, we were able to directly compare the involvement of different endocytic machinery in GLP‐1R internalization. Our findings indicate that the receptor internalizes independently of arrestin and is dependent on Gs and Gi/o activation and G protein–coupled receptor kinase phosphorylation. Mechanistically, we observed that the receptor undergoes distinct clathrin‐ and caveolae‐mediated internalization in HEK293 cells. This study also investigated the role of arrestins in GLP‐1R function and regulation. These insights into key endocytic components that are involved in the GLP‐1R internalization pathway could enhance the rational design of GLP‐1R therapeutics for type 2 diabetes and other GLP‐1R‐related diseases.
A non‐canonical role for the tyrosyl tRNA synthetase: YARS regulates senescence induction and escape and controls the transcription of LIN9
Authors: Coquelet Hugo , Leman Geraldine , Maarouf Amine , Petit Coralie , Toutain Bertrand , Henry Cécile , Boissard Alice , Guette Catherine , Lelièvre Eric , Vidi Pierre‐Alexandre , Guillon Jordan , Coqueret Olivier
Published: January 2025

Senescence is a tumor suppressor mechanism triggered by oncogene expression and chemotherapy treatment. It orchestrates a definitive cessation of cell proliferation through the activation of the p53‐p21 and p16‐Rb pathways, coupled with the compaction of proliferative genes within heterochromatin regions. Some cancer cells have the ability to elude this proliferative arrest but the signaling pathways involved in circumventing senescence remain to be characterized. We have recently described that malignant cells capable of evading senescence have an increased expression of specific tRNAs, such as tRNA‐Leu‐CAA and tRNA‐Tyr‐GTA, alongside the activation of their corresponding tRNA ligases, namely LARS and YARS. We have previously shown that YARS promotes senescence escape by activating proliferation and cell cycle genes but its functions during this proliferative arrest remain largely unknown. In this study, we have continued to characterize the functions of YARS, describing non‐canonical transcriptional functions of the ligase. Our results show that YARS is present in the nucleus of proliferating and senescent cells and interacts with the Trim28 transcriptional regulator. Importantly, YARS binds to the LIN9 promoter, a critical member of the Dream complex responsible for regulating cell cycle gene transcription. The ligase facilitates the binding and the phosphorylation of the type II RNA polymerase and promotes the deposition of activating epigenetic marks on the LIN9 promoter. Consequently, during senescence escape, YARS activates LIN9 expression and both proteins are necessary to induce the proliferation of emergent cells. These results underscore unconventional transcriptional functions of YARS in activating LIN9 expression in proliferating cells and during senescence escape.
Bowel regimens before radical cystectomy: An analysis of a modern cohort
Authors: Simhal Rishabh K. , McPartland Connor , Wang Kerith R. , Buck Matthew , Shah Yash B. , Poluch Maria L. , Hochberg Aaron R. , Im Brian H. , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Shah Mihir S. , Lallas Costas D.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Bowel regimens (BR) before radical cystectomy (RC) are currently not recommended by Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, as prior studies have shown BRs lead to worsened outcomes. However, many of those studies have used historic literature before recent surgical advancements such as minimally invasive RC and have not investigated the impact BRs have by type of urinary diversion. Our goal is to determine the outcomes of preoperative BR in patients undergoing RC based on diversion type using a modern patient cohort.

Methods

RCs performed between 2019 and 2020 with BR information available were identified in the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). Patients were grouped by type of BR received: no BR, both mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and preoperative oral antibiotic BR (OABR), MBP only, and OABR only. We conducted propensity score matching based on factors influencing the operative approach. Baseline demographics and 30‐day complication rates were compared between matched groups. We analyzed hospital length of stay (LOS) via multivariate regression with a Poisson distribution.

Results

In total, 2054 RCs were identified with 2.4% receiving OABR, 21.3% receiving MBP, 5.3% receiving both, and 71.0% receiving no BR. For patients with ileal conduit diversions, outcomes with BRs appeared mixed, as OABR leads to increased LOS. For patients with neobladder diversions, BRs were not associated with any worsened outcomes and were associated with reduced length of stay.

Conclusions

BRs such as OABR may associated with improved outcomes in patients receiving RC with neobladder diversion, a finding that warrants further investigation.
Multi‐Level Factors Influencing eHealth Literacy Among Chinese Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xie Luyao , Mo Phoenix K. H.
Published: January 2025

Aims

Based on the socio‐ecological model, the present study examined influencing factors of eHealth literacy among Chinese older adults at individual‐level (e.g., socio‐demographics, Internet use, and health status), interpersonal (e.g., informational support and instrumental support), and community‐level (e.g., available public facilities).

Design

A longitudinal study was conducted among 611 Chinese older adults aged 55 or over.

Methods

From February to December 2022, older people's eHealth literacy was collected at baseline, 3‐month and 6‐month follow‐up surveys and other variables were collected only at baseline, using online questionnaires.

Results

Among 611 participants, 464 (75.9%) completed both follow‐up surveys. At the individual level, participants who were older, female gender, rural residents, living alone, had lower education, occupational levels and income, and had chronic conditions and long‐term medication showed lower eHealth literacy. Older adults with longer Internet use history, online health information seeking, more frequent health‐related Internet use, higher self‐rated Internet skills and positive perceptions towards online health information exhibited higher eHealth literacy over time. In terms of interpersonal and community‐level factors, perceiving informational and instrumental support when using digital health, and having access to health facilities (e.g., health education) and technological training provided by the community could predict older individuals' higher eHealth literacy over time, after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion

Older people's eHealth literacy can be influenced by factors at individual, interpersonal, and community levels.

Implications and Impact

This longitudinal study identified significant factors influencing older individuals' eHealth literacy at different levels. Understanding unmodifiable factors at the individual level can help identify the subgroups that may need targeted support and interventions for promoting eHealth literacy. Furthermore, findings can guide tailored interventions to improve eHealth literacy through modifiable factors at the technological, interpersonal and community levels.

Reporting Method

Adhered to the STROBE guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Conquering the ‘Collected Treasures’ of Older Adults With Dementia: A Qualitative Study on Caregiver Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Lin Jong‐Ni , Chiu I‐Hsuan , Chou Cheng‐Chen
Published: January 2025

Aim

To explore hoarding scenarios in older adults with dementia, document management strategies and assess caregiver challenges in these scenarios.

Design

This study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis to guide data collection and analysis.

Methods

Purposive sampling recruited 20 caregivers of older adults with dementia from long‐term care facilities and community elderly centres in Taiwan. Semi‐structured interviews, lasting for about 1 h, were conducted with caregivers of older adults with dementia. The study's quality was assessed using five techniques: peer debriefing, member checking, inter‐coder agreement, audit trail, and thick description.

Results

Key themes included hoarding scenarios, checkpoints of pre‐decluttering, attitudes towards hoarding, language used for communication, management approaches for decluttering and caregivers' challenges. Caregivers highlighted the importance of assessing the emotions, cognitive function and backgrounds of older adults with dementia before decluttering for effective management. The onion skin peeling method for gradual decluttering was recommended. Success was more likely when caregivers maintained a positive attitude and adapted communication to the speech patterns of older adults with dementia. Challenges arose from ineffective communication, extreme resistance to decluttering and the need to work in highly unpleasant environments.

Conclusion

Caregivers face a range of complex challenges when managing hoarding behaviours in older adults with dementia. Pre‐decluttering assessments, a positive caregiving attitude, effective communication and stepwise decluttering strategies can enhance the care experience and support caregivers and individuals with hoarding tendencies.

Impact

Managing hoarding behaviours in older adults with dementia requires comprehensive cognitive and emotional assessments, collaborative decluttering and tailored communication. The CALM guideline from this study provides an evidence‐based framework for advanced nursing practice in this area. Through interdisciplinary leadership, refining guideline use and developing training programmes, nurses can standardise and enhance care quality, fostering adaptive, supportive environments for individuals with dementia and hoarding behaviours.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.
Technoeconomic Feasibility and Environmental Impact of Producing Milk Protein‐Rich Orally Self‐Disintegrating Puffs Using Supercritical CO2 Extrusion
Authors: Anwar Ul Alam Mohammad , Uhrin Jessica A. , Rizvi Syed S. H.
Published: January 2025

The present market for orally self‐disintegrating puffs designed for infants is carbohydrate‐based (over 85%), therefore lacking in protein and the capacity to induce prolonged satiety. This product category overlooks the dietary requirements of older adults afflicted with swallowing difficulties or lactose intolerance. To address this gap, a combination of milk protein concentrate (MPC), raspberry powder (2.5%RP), and lactose hydrolyzed skim milk powder (LHSMP) was used to produce nutritious puffs by supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX). This study seeks to evaluate the technoeconomic feasibility of elderly and baby puffs using SCFX. A low‐temperature, low‐shear SCFX process with CO2 was employed to produce orally self‐disintegrating puffs, featuring protein levels of approximately 52.1% (SCFX elderly puffs) and 49.8% (SCFX baby puffs), exhibiting similar disintegration characteristics (p > 0.05) to commercial baby puffs. Through 12 h of daily production run, the margin of safety was calculated to be 29.12% for elderly and 29.20% for baby puffs where the break‐even point was 0.76 years for both types of puffs. The costs of elderly and baby puffs were calculated to be $42.93/kg and $42.80/kg, respectively. These costs align favorably with carbohydrate‐based commercial puffs (USD 50.24–66.88/kg). The SCFX system (1.03 kW/h) consumes similar energy as conventional extrusion (0.98 kW/h) but has a lower carbon footprint per unit extractable protein (1686.11–2438.12 kg) compared to conventional extrusion (5052.78–7313.72 kg). In conclusion, the processing and marketing of SCFX elderly and SCFX baby puffs are technoeconomically feasible, potentially profitable, nutritious, and present an attractive opportunity for entry into the consumer product market.
Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Das Maitreye , Ghosh Tabli , Dash Kshirod Kumar
Published: January 2025

Artificial neural network (ANN) is regarded as a promising tool among the recent trends of modeling methodologies for the nonlinear mapping of multiple variables. In the case of the ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) process, the majority of the response‐based predictive models are administered with nonlinear modeling approaches. Numerical models provide restricted extension and abilities to show such nonlinear prescient conditions. Due to this, ANN modeling gets considerable scope for effectively mapping the variables. In addition, the essential of no prior specific, in the event that there ought to emerge an event of fitting the data or information, make ANN the most popular and compelling one for modeling the extraction process. This paper provides the basics of principles and applications of ANNs in process modeling and optimization of different UAE‐based extraction perspectives. In addition, the prevalence of the UAE process in diverging from other extraction methods is highlighted. Further, the impact of various process factors like ultrasound intensity, exposure time, and temperature during the UAE interaction and their prescient modeling approaches for efficient controlling of the responses are detailed. Hence, this review would be useful for modeling and optimization of thermal and non‐thermal‐based extraction processes, which would assist the food processing industries to improve food quality.
Numerical Method‐Based Grain Temperature Distribution of Semi‐Underground Double‐Storey Squat Silos During Static Storage
Authors: Jin Libing , Zhu Doudou , Li Chuang , Qiao Linran , Wang Xu , Wu Qiang
Published: January 2025

Grain temperature (GT) is a crucial factor in determining the safety of grain storage. To elucidate the evolution rule of grain storage temperature distribution (TD) in semi‐underground double‐storey squat silos (SUDSSS), a numerical model of the TD of stored grain was constructed. A numerical model of the TD of the grain bulk (GBUL) in the squat silo and the underground silo was developed, and the model was validated through field experiments. Then, a numerical model of the TD of the GBUL in SUDSSS was established. The TD of storage grain in SUDSSS was analyzed by numerical simulation, and the 1‐year temperature variation rule of stored grain in the static storage in SUDSSS was obtained. The study shows that (1) the GT within 2 m of the silo wall in the aboveground layer of the SUDSSS, was found to vary significantly with a range of 10.62°C–27.37°C based on the variation of the outside temperature. The GT in the underground layer remains at a quasi‐low temperature throughout the year, with an average temperature of no more than 17°C. (2) The original GTs are set at varying levels in a SUDSSS. The temperature differential between the average GT and the original GT after 1 year of storage is 2.21°C, 1.79°C, 1.51°C, 1.13°C, and 0.34°C, respectively, in the aboveground layer. If the original temperature is relatively low, the greater the temperature change after 1 year of storage, which is still well below 20°C, long‐term storage requires a lower original GT. (3) The temperature change of paddy in the SUDSSS was the most pronounced during the storage period. The temperature differential between the paddy stored in the aboveground layer for 8 months and the initial is 2.15°C, and the differential is 0.77°C when stored in the underground layer for 12 months. The temperature change of wheat and maize during storage was minimal, whereas the temperature of paddy exhibited significant fluctuations. (4) The maximum temperature differential of 15 and 3 m in condition one is 2.08°C and 2.28°C, respectively. An increase in grain height results in a reduction in temperature change during storage. Comprehensive different grain loading conditions, the GT in the peripheral area of the aboveground layer and the mean temperature of the underground layer discernible change with the varying grain loading heights. Furthermore, the temperature fluctuations of the aboveground and underground layers are largely independent of one another.
Freezing Characteristics of Beef Chunks by Air Blast Freezing Under Different Conditions
Authors: Ni Peiyong , Yan Jiawen , Wang Xiangli , Zhang Xuewen , Li Xiang
Published: January 2025

In order to achieve energy‐saving in fast freezing equipment, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect food freezing time. A fluid structure coupling model was established for the freezing process of beef in a freezing room. A total of 45 simulation areas were set with 9 racks and 5 beef chunks on each rack. In the model, the specific heat capacity of the packages was defined as a function of temperature. The core temperatures of the frozen load chunks instead of real beef were measured to verify the correctness of the model. The airflow velocity, air temperature and frozen product temperatures were simulated at different frozen product positions, fan outlet velocities and temperatures. The freezing rates, local Reynolds numbers and wall adjacent heat transfer coefficients were obtained for the chunks. The result shows that the uneven distribution of airflow velocity directly leads to differences in the freezing and heat transfer characteristics of each frozen product. A large vortex with lower airflow velocity and higher airflow temperature in the middle area of the quick‐freezing room causes a slower freezing rate of frozen products. The highest freezing rate is 1.67 cm/h among 45 chunks, and most chunks have a freezing rate greater than 1 cm/h. The variations of the freezing rates are basically consistent with the local wall adjacent heat transfer coefficients within the range of 17.8 to 52.2 W/m2 K. The findings of this article can help provide the appropriate freezing parameters, elucidate the freezing characteristics of beef and offer optimization suggestions for the freezing process of fast freezing rooms.
3D reconstruction of shoulder muscles in hominoid primates: Correlating scapular attachment areas with muscle volume
Authors: van Beesel Julia , Melillo Stephanie , Vereecke Evie
Published: January 2025

Digital muscle reconstructions have gained attraction in recent years, serving as powerful tools in both educational and research contexts. These reconstructions can be derived from various 2D and 3D data sources, enabling detailed anatomical analyses. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of surface scans in accurately reconstructing the volumes of the rotator cuff and teres major muscles across a diverse sample of hominoids. Additionally, we investigate whether muscle origin area, as a dissection‐based observation, can reliably predict muscle volume. Our findings reveal that surface scans provide sufficient coverage to accurately reproduce the in situ volumes of the rotator cuff muscles. However, the volume of the teres major was estimated less reliably, suggesting that muscles with less distinct skeletal boundaries may present challenges for accurate reconstruction. Future studies will explore whether such muscles can be reconstructed with greater precision. Furthermore, we identify a significant correlation between the origin area and muscle volume for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles. These results suggest that muscle origin area can serve as a reliable predictor of muscle volume, offering a skeletal indicator for estimating muscle size in both extant and extinct hominoids. These insights are particularly valuable for paleontological reconstructions, where direct soft tissue evidence is often lacking. By establishing a relationship between skeletal traits and muscle volume, our study provides a framework for evaluating the accuracy of soft tissue reconstructions in hominoid species. This approach not only enhances our understanding of hominoid anatomy but also offers new avenues for exploring the functional morphology of extinct taxa.
Xception Deep Kronecker Network for Severity Plant Disease Classification Using Hyperspectral Leaf Image
Authors: Swaraj S. , Aparna S.
Published: January 2025

Plant diseases have always been a problem because they can significantly decrease both the quality and quantity of crops. Diseases, pests, and weeds present major challenges in crop cultivation, leading to substantial crop damage and posing significant risks to the economy and food security. Plant diseases pose a significant threat to the quality and yield of agricultural products. Prompt and reliable detection and identification of these diseases are crucial for ensuring sustainable agriculture and food security. Preventing ailments and providing guidance to farmers is crucial to enhancing the yield on a large scale. Manual feature extraction is the most expensive approach used in earlier plant disease detection methods. Additionally, many of the real‐time applications face issues with cost complexity, misclassification, and overfitting. Hence, an effective model called Xception‐Deep Kronecker Network (Xception‐DKN) is proposed for severity disease classification utilising hyperspectral leaf image. Initially, the hyperspectral leaf image is pre‐processed. Then, the selection of the band phase is performed utilising Fractional Water Wheel Plant Dingo Optimizer (FWWPDO), that is the incorporation of Dingo Optimizer (DOX), Fractional Calculus (FC), and Water Wheel Plant Algorithm (WWPA). Outputs from the selection bands are forwarded into the leaf segmentation phase that is carried out using Black Hole Entropic Fuzzy Clustering (BHEFC). Next, using a majority voting approach, a fusion of bands is performed. Then, fused band output as well as individual leaf segmentation outcome is exposed into the Feature Extraction (FE) stage for extracting the features, including Weber Local Descriptors (WLDs) and Local Binary Patterns (LBPs). Thereafter, disease recognition is executed on leaves by utilising a Deep Conval Neural Network (deep CNN) for normal and abnormal cases. Nevertheless, Deep CNN hyperparameters are fine‐tuned utilising FWWPDO, which is developed by integrating the Water Wheel Plant Dingo Optimizer (WWPDO) and Fractional Concept (FC). Thereafter, severity level classification is performed using the proposed Xception‐DKN into low, moderate and severe cases. Xception‐DKN is the combined form of Xception and Deep Kronecker Network (DKN), where the layers are adjusted by Taylor concepts. The Xception‐DKN has achieved the highest accuracy of 92.204%, true positive rate (TPR) of 94.011%, and true negative rate (TNR) of 91.210%.
Genetic Insights Into Coronary Microvascular Disease
Authors: Wayne Nicole , Singamneni Venkata S. , Venkatesh Rasika , Cherlin Tess , Verma Shefali S. , Guerraty Marie A.
Published: January 2025

Coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) affects the coronary pre‐arterioles, arterioles, and capillaries and can lead to blood supply–demand mismatch and cardiac ischemia. CMVD can present clinically as ischemia or myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA or MINOCA, respectively). Currently, therapeutic options for CMVD are limited, and there are no targeted therapies. Genetic studies have emerged as an important tool to gain rapid insights into the molecular mechanisms of human diseases. For example, coronary artery disease (CAD) genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have enrolled hundreds of thousands of patients and have identified > 320 loci, elucidating CAD pathogenic pathways and helping to identify therapeutic targets. Here, we review the current landscape of genetic studies of CMVD, consisting mostly of genotype‐first approaches. We then present the hypothesis that CAD GWAS have enrolled heterogenous populations and may be better characterized as ischemic heart disease (IHD) GWAS. We discuss how several of the genetic loci currently associated with CAD may be involved in the pathogenesis of CMVD. Genetic studies could help accelerate progress in understanding CMVD pathophysiology and identifying putative therapeutic targets. Larger phenotype‐first genomic studies into CMVD with adequate sex and ancestry representation are needed. Given the extensive CAD genetic and functional validation data, future research should leverage these loci as springboards for CMVD genomic research.
Non‐R&D Subsidies and Digital Product Innovation in China
Authors: Liu Yang , Dong Jiuyu , Ying Ying
Published: January 2025

We examine the impact of non‐R&D subsidies on digital product innovation among Chinese manufacturing firms and explore the conditions that influence this relationship. Building on theories of non‐R&D subsidies effectiveness, we propose that non‐R&D subsidies positively influence a firm's digital product innovation. This relationship is further strengthened when the firm is a state‐owned enterprise and holds a low status in the market hierarchy. Results from a longitudinal dataset of publicly listed Chinese firms support our main arguments. Our findings extend the understanding of the drivers of digital product innovation and the role of non‐R&D subsidies in innovation activities.
Controlling mission hazards through integrated abort and spare support optimization
Authors: Yang Li , Wei Fanping , Ma Xiaobing , Qiu Qingan
Published: January 2025

This study explores the risk management challenges associated with safety‐critical systems required to execute specific missions. The working component experiences degradation governed by a continuous‐time discrete‐state Markov chain, whose failure leads to an immediate system breakdown and safety losses. To enhance system survivability, a limited number of identical spares are available for online replacement throughout the mission. At the same time, the mission abort action arises promptly upon encountering excessive safety hazards. To strike an optimal balance between mission completion and system survivability, we delve into the adaptive scheduling of component replacements and mission termination decisions. The joint decision problem of interest constitutes a finite‐time Markov decision process with resource limitation, under which we analyze a series of structural properties related to spare availability and component conditions. In particular, we establish structured control‐limit policies for both spare replacement and mission termination decisions. For comparison purposes, we evaluate the performance of various heuristic policies analytically. Numerical experiments conducted on the driver system of radar equipment validate the superior model performance in enhancing operational performance while simultaneously mitigating hazard risks.
Where Men Go/Stay to Build Again: City and Post‐Deportation Coping Among Nigerian Deportees From China
Authors: Adebayo Kudus Oluwatoyin
Published: January 2025

While deportation of Africans is a commonplace practice in China, deportation and its aftermath, as experienced by deportees, remain at the margin of research. This article examined the spatial condition of deportation afterlife using data from a study on the post‐deportation experiences of Nigerian men deported from China. Specifically, it focused on the city as a space and place of post‐deportation coping, including the practices of translocality associated with socioeconomic recovery and reintegration. In doing this, it engaged with how migration experience, deportation loss, masculinity, recalibrated socialities and self‐stigmatisation contribute towards shaping the sense of place and strategies of place‐(re)making of Nigerian deportees. The article enriched the discourse of deportation and the city at the intersection of deportation afterlife, masculinity and deportees' reintegration. It also contributed to the broader deportation literature, especially in the relation to Africans deported from East Asia.
Contesting Cannabis Legalization in Nigeria: Hidden Narratives of Illicit Farmers and Traders
Authors: Nelson Ediomo‐Ubong , Klantschnig Gernot
Published: January 2025

This article examines narratives of cannabis legalization in Nigeria. While most existing research on cannabis legalization has concentrated on the global North, we focus on one of Africa's largest cannabis markets, as well as the views of actors heavily criminalized and excluded from policy debates. Based on in‐depth interviews and long‐time engagement with illicit cannabis farmers and traders, the article highlights the contestations in their hidden narratives, troubling extant views of cannabis legalization which uncritically laud its socioeconomic benefits, and revealing the potential downsides of legalization in the context of an exploitative legal neo‐liberal economy rife with social inequities. The findings of this study also highlight a need for open policy debate that engages criminalized cannabis producing communities who have borne the brunt of both prohibition and economic marginalization to chart the way forward for more inclusive and meaningful cannabis policy reform.
Treatment for SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma of uterine cervix
Authors: Yokoe Takuya , Oku Kaede , Noda Yuri , Kita Masato
Published: January 2025

SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated cervical carcinoma is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy, and effective treatment options are lacking. We experienced a rare case involving a patient with SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated cervical carcinoma who was successfully managed in the long term. A woman in her 40s presented with a chief complaint of abnormal vaginal bleeding. A cervical biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma; thus, radical hysterectomy was performed with R0 tumour resection. Histopathological examination of the resected tumour showed rhabdoid features under (H&E) staining and negativity for SMARCA4 under immunohistochemical staining. Given the poor prognosis associated with SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma, adjuvant radiotherapy was added. Follow-up for more than a year revealed no evidence of recurrence. For undifferentiated cervical carcinoma with rhabdoid features on H&E staining, SMARCA4 immunostaining may be considered for risk classification and recurrence prevention. R0 resection and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy may contribute to a good prognosis for patients with SMARCA4-deficient carcinoma.
Rare vascular complications in classical Ehlers-Danlos syndromes
Authors: Chong Caleb Wee Chung , Chaudhuri Debajyoti , Varikara Krishnan
Published: January 2025

Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders associated with skin, ligament, blood vessel and organ abnormalities. Skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility and widened atrophic scars are characteristic of classical EDS. Vascular complications, though rare in classical EDS, can be life-threatening, and this necessitates one to look for vascular associations in non-vascular, such as classical, forms of EDS due to the heterogeneity of the syndrome. Reports of vascular complications in classical EDS are often limited to haematomas being the most frequent manifestation. This case report discusses an elderly patient with genetically confirmed classical EDS who suffered from a series of pulmonary and vascular complications, including recurrent spontaneous haemopneumothorax, aortic dissection and eventual mesenteric haemorrhage, which resulted in his death. Identifying clinical red flags is crucial to predict such future catastrophic vascular events and guide appropriate counselling and management strategies for individuals with classical EDS.
Endoscopic management of carefully selected asymptomatic body stuffers
Authors: Baig Muhammad Akbar , Nogar Joshua
Published: January 2025

The guidelines from the European and American Societies for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy discourage endoscopic retrieval of drug bags in body stuffers. However, recent evidence challenges this stance, demonstrating successful bag retrieval without fatal outcomes. We present two distinct cases illustrating varying outcomes of intervention. The first involves a 30-year-old asymptomatic man who ingested a plastic bag containing 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Despite initial identification and successful retrieval via upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy, the second case, a 50-year-old asymptomatic man who ingested a balloon filled with MDMA, alprazolam and lorazepam, required laparoscopic removal due to technical challenges during endoscopy. These cases prompt reconsideration of current guidelines, particularly in light of emerging literature advocating for early UGI endoscopy as a viable intervention. However, proficiency in UGI endoscopy, often necessitating additional experience beyond standard training, remains imperative for successful outcomes in such cases.
Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus (SCLE)
Authors: Tancer Stephanie , Rodgers Kyla , Fullen Douglas , Kahlenberg J. Michelle
Published: January 2025

A man in his 60s suffered from refractory, biopsy-proven subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus that required chronic, moderate dose steroids to manage. His rash was accompanied by arthralgias and negative autoantibody testing. His subacute lupus erythematosus (SCLE) was responsive to tofacitinib, but thrombotic complications limited the use of this medication. He continued prednisone 20 mg daily to manage his symptoms until treatment with anifrolumab completely cleared his skin. During a subsequent prednisone taper, he developed a macrocytic anaemia and elevated liver function tests that continued to progress. Ultimately, a bone marrow biopsy and myeloid next-generation sequencing revealed cellular vacuoles and UBA1 gene mutation, respectively, consistent with a diagnosis of VEXAS (vacuoles,E1 enzyme,X-linked,autoinflammatory,somatic) syndrome. We believe the chronic steroid use to control his SCLE masked the underlying diagnosis for many years.
Early investigation of sensorineural hearing loss enables diagnosis of rare metabolic diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidosis type III
Authors: Shrivastava Roohi , Sherwin Louise , Davison James , Walter Simone
Published: January 2025

A toddler presented to audiovestibular medicine with mild bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss identified via the Newborn Hearing Screening Programme. This report focuses on the early clinical assessment and aetiological investigation which prompted testing for metabolic disease and highlights the parents’ perspective. Early investigation led to a relatively early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IIIA: Sanfilippo disease which enabled the family to access a novel treatment option which otherwise would not have been possible.

Infants with early signs and symptoms of MPS may present to a range of healthcare professionals. The detection of hearing loss via the newborn hearing screen presents an opportunity for healthcare professionals to initiate early investigation for a possible underlying metabolic disease before end-organ damage progresses. This is vital in allowing affected families to engage with clinical trials and genetic counselling.
Systemic siliconomas following breast implant rupture
Authors: Pereira Gonçalves Beatriz , Rodrigues dos Santos Catarina
Published: January 2025

We report a case of a woman in her late 40s with a history of breast implant surgery following breast cancer treatment. She presented with asymmetrical breast enlargement, palpable contralateral axillary lymph nodes and cutaneous nodules on both forearms. In addition, imaging evaluation revealed intracapsular implant rupture, ipsilateral internal mammary enlarged lymph nodes and multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Skin and axillary lymph node biopsy demonstrated a chronic granulomatous reaction with foreign-body giant cells related to silicone. Following surgical removal of the breast implant, cutaneous nodules disappeared, and all lymph nodes decreased in size. Systemic deposition of silicone in the form of foreign-body granulomas, also known as siliconomas, is a rare complication of breast implant rupture, which is thought to result from silicone lymphatic or hematogenous migration. In the setting of breast cancer, excluding recurrence should be a priority. While there is no standardised therapeutic approach, implant removal can be an option.
Use of novel genomic sequencing to characterise carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) in patient with axillary lymphadenopathy
Authors: Robertson Ian , Shaikh Kulsum , Gandia Edwin , Desmond Daniel
Published: January 2025

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) comprises 2–5% of cancer diagnoses worldwide, with a prevalence that has modestly declined with increased availability of advanced diagnostic tools such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). This case presentation illustrates the possibilities and gaps that remain with improving diagnostic capabilities in identifying and effectively treating CUP. This is the case of a rapidly enlarging right axillary mass without a primary tumour site and histological evaluation demonstrating a poorly differentiated neoplasm. Tumour of origin testing using a clinically validated RNA-sequencing-based machine learning classifier unexpectedly suggested greatest probability of metastatic melanoma with lesser likelihood of fibrosarcoma. Subsequent clinical behaviour and lack of response to chemoimmunotherapy conflicted with NGS results, with a multidisciplinary team ultimately agreeing on final diagnosis of aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, specifically malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour. The patient had a complete clinical response after forequarter amputation and a sarcoma-based chemotherapy regimen. This case highlights both the potential and current shortcomings of NGS and predictive tumour of origin analytic tools in helping with characterisation and categorisation of CUP. There is a need for improvement and optimisation of these diagnostic modalities, but they offer another option to improve historically poor outcomes in CUP.
Surgical excision of symptomatic lateral band snapping syndrome in small finger proximal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Pelz Nicholas , Perugini Anthony , Peabody John Tucker , Berling Stephen
Published: January 2025

Lateral band snapping syndrome can be a debilitating condition involving the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the fingers. Although rare, it is thought to occur due to disruption of the finger extensor mechanism allowing inappropriate subluxation of the lateral bands over the PIP joint, leading to mechanical and painful symptoms.

Here, we describe a woman in her early 40s with a painful, snapping PIP joint secondary to a work-related injury. On examination, there was radial lateral band subluxation with joint motion.

The dorsal aspect of the small finger was explored, and the radial lateral band was found to be subluxated during the active range of motion. The injured retinacular ligament along with the pathological lateral band was excised. Postoperatively, the patient was allowed to have unrestricted range of motion. At the latest follow-up, there was no active or passive triggering/snapping symptoms, as well as full range of motion of the affected digit.
Concurrent myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a rare intersection of autoimmune pathologies
Authors: Tunç Abdulkadir , Elçİ Ömer , Akbas Alihan , Oncel Samet
Published: January 2025

This case report describes a woman in her 50s with a rare coexistence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myasthenia gravis (MG), highlighting the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations. Initially diagnosed with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG, she later developed progressive visual impairment, leading to a diagnosis of NMOSD. Rituximab treatment was effective in managing both conditions, demonstrating the benefits of targeted therapies in reducing complications related to polypharmacy. This case underscores the importance of clinical vigilance and a multidisciplinary approach in managing overlapping autoimmune disorders, offering insights into their inter-relationships and therapeutic strategies.
Serological markers of exocrine pancreatic function are differentially informative for distinguishing individuals progressing to type 1 diabetes
Authors: Williams MacKenzie D , Grace Catherine Ramsey , Posgai Amanda L , McGrail Kieran M , Brusko Maigan A , Haller Michael J , Jacobsen Laura , Schatz Desmond , Brusko Todd M , Atkinson Mark , Bacher Rhonda , Wasserfall Clive H
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Altered serum levels of growth hormones, adipokines, and exocrine pancreas enzymes have been individually linked with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We collectively evaluated seven such biomarkers, combined with islet autoantibodies (AAb) and genetic risk score (GRS2), for their utility in predicting AAb/T1D status.

Research design and methods

Cross-sectional serum samples (n=154 T1D, n=56 1AAb+, n=77 ≥2AAb+, n=256 AAb−) were assessed for IGF1, IGF2, adiponectin, leptin, amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen (n=543, age range 2.7–30.0 years) using random forest modeling.

Results

GRS2, age, lipase, trypsinogen, and AAb against ZnT8, GAD65, and insulin were the most informative markers. Notably, these variables were differentially informative according to AAb/T1D status. Higher GRS2 (p<0.001) and lower lipase levels (p=0.002) favored ≥2AAb+ versus AAb− classification. AAb against ZnT8 (p<0.01), GAD65 (p=0.021), or insulin (p=0.01) each independently favored ≥2AAb+ versus 1AAb+ classification. Reduced trypsinogen (p<0.001) and increased lipase levels (p<0.001) favored recent-onset T1D versus ≥2AAb+ classification.

Conclusions

Among the serological markers tested, lipase and trypsinogen levels were the most informative for differentiating among clinical groups, with the utility of each enzyme varying according to GRS2 and AAb/T1D status. These data support exocrine pancreas enzymes as candidates for longitudinal follow-up.
Prevalence of gallstone disease in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdu Seid Mohammed , Assefa Ebrahim Msaye
Published: January 2025

Objective

Gallstone disease is a prevalent global health issue, but its impact in Africa remains unclear. This study aims to summarise and synthesise available data on the prevalence of gallstone disease across populations in Africa.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis, reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Data sources

PubMed, Google Scholar, Hinari, and African Journal Online were searched, from 2000 up to 31 December 2023.

Eligibility criteria

The review included all observational studies that reported the prevalence of gallstone disease and were published in English.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. Data were pooled using a random-effects and inverse variance method, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q statistic and quantified with the I² statistic.

Results

A total of 260 studies were identified from electronic databases, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria. The combined prevalence of gallstone disease was 17% (95% CI 9% to 24%), but with high statistical heterogeneity (I²=99.9%). Only 8 of the 10 included studies provided prevalence data by sex, showing notably higher rates in females (15.3%) compared with males (3.7%).

Conclusion

The study reveals a pooled gallstone disease prevalence of 17% in Africa, with higher rates in females. However, the significant heterogeneity, the lack of data from most countries and an imbalance in data from other countries, the diverse study populations, and the limited number of studies necessitate cautious interpretation. Future policies and interventions should prioritise reducing gallstone disease, particularly in females, while addressing the variability in data sources.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024503530.