bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Star Fruit Orchard Waste as Source of Organic Materials On Sustainable Agricultural System
Authors: Sumiasih Inanpi Hidayati , Puspitawati Mutiara Dewi , Fauzi Ahmad Rifqi
Published: June 2020

Star fruit harvesting activity in Attaqie Farm orchard produces no less than 20% of organic waste in each period. The organic waste can be utilized as an organic fertilizer source. The potential of star fruit waste as a source for liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is an interesting subject to study. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the potential of star fruit waste as LOF and how it affects green mustard production. The study used the factorial design with two factors, namely inorganic fertilizer dosage (0%, 50%, and 100% of recommended dosage) and LOF concentration (0, 3, 6, and 9 ml/L) and arranged using Completely Randomized Block Design. There were twelve combinations of treatments with three replications. The production of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) with star fruit waste as the main ingredient used an anaerobic fermentation method with help from EM4 bio-activator for 30 days. Green mustard shoot weight increased with higher LOF concentration. The application of 9 ml/L LOF produced 20% higher green mustard shoot weight compared to without application and the application of 3 ml/L LOF. The result showed that LOF from star fruit waste has the potential to be developed through formulation development.
Minat, Kebudayaan, Pengalaman dan Sumber Informasi Terhadap Hubungan Seksual Pada Masa Kehamilan
Authors: Jamilah Tahta Zulfina
Published: June 2020

Hubungan seksual adalah kebutuhan biologis yang sulit dikendalikan oleh suami-istri. Banyak pasangan merasa khawatir jika melakukan hubungan seks selama kehamilan karena menurut mereka akan membahayakan bayinya. Pada kehamilan normal, alat kelamin pria tidak dapat melakukan kontak langsung terhadap fetus (calon bayi anda) karena letaknya terlindungi oleh dinding otot uterina dan cairan amniotik. Pada survey pendahuluan yang dilakukan di BPM W ,didapat ibu hamil hamil yang memeriksakan sebanyak 20 orang, ternyata hasil penelitian awal dalam bentuk wawancara tentang hubungan seksual pada masa kehamilan. Dari 20 orang responden terdapat 18 ibu hamil yang mengatakan takut melakukan hubungan seksual dengan pasangannya, sedangkan 2 orang tidak memberikan respon. Dari 18 orang yang paling banyak takut untuk melakukan hubungan seksual dikarenakan kurang informasi yang didapat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang hubungan seksual pada saat kehamilan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang ditujukan untuk mendeskriptifkan suatu keadaan dimasyarakat. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ibu hamil yang berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 19 responden (38%) dan yang berpengetahuan rendah sebanyak 16 responden (32%) dari 50 responden, minat melakukan hubungan seksual pada masa kehamilan sebanyak 26 responden (52%) , kebudayaan  yang berhubungan dengan hubungan seksual pada masa kehamilan sebanyak 25 responden (50%) , pengalaman dalam melakukan hubungan seksual pada masa kehamilan sebanyak 28 responden (56%) , sumber informasi dari media elektronik sebanyak 26 responden (52%) dan yang mendapat sumber informasi dari nakes sebanyak 10 responden (20%) . Kesimpulannya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu hamil terhadap hubungan seksual pada ibu hamil.
Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Neonatal
Authors: Aprilliani Amelia , Lestari Fitria
Published: June 2020

Berdasarkan data dari tempat penelitian, jumlah Pneumonia dan BBLR mengalami peningkatan menjadi 59 (7,6%) kasus pneumonia dan 224 (28,9%) kasus BBLR. Kedua kasus tersebut masuk dalam kategori 10 kasus terbesar BBL. Penelitian ini bertuj0uan untuk mengetahui hubungan BBLR dengan kejadian Pneumonia Neonatal di RSUD Kota Bogor Tahun 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bayi yang memasuki ruang perinatologi tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak 775 bayi dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 264 responden dengan menggunakan metode disproporsional sampling dengan sistematika random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dari 264 responden sebanyak 59 responden (22,3%) yang terkena Pneumonia Neonatal, dan sebagian besar mengalami BBLR sebanyak 24 responden (38,7%). Dari uji statistic didapatkan p value = 0,001 < α = 0,05 dan OR = 3,014. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara BBLR dengan Pneumonia Neonatal, dimana BBLR memiliki risiko 3,014 kali untuk terjadi Pneumonia Neonatal. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan lebih meningkatkan pelayanan pada BBLR dan Pneumonia Neonatal.
Hubungan Senam Nifas, Mobilisasi Dini, dan Tradisi Masa Nifas terhadap Proses Involusi pada Ibu Post Partum
Authors: Roichana Su’ada , Pratiwi Yane Ari
Published: June 2020

Involusi uteri adalah masa kembalinya uterus kembali ke kondisi sebelum hamil. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi proses involusi uteri adalah dengan melakukan senam nifas, mobilisasi dini, serta menjalankan tradisi nifas yang baik menurut segi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan senam nifas, mobilisasi dini, dan tradisi masa nifas terhadap proses involusi uteri pada ibu postpartum di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Slawi Kabupaten Tegal Tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu nifas di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Slawi Kabupaten Tegal bulan Oktober-Desember tahun 2017 sebanyak 163 ibu nifas. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling sebanyak 57 ibu nifas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antar variabel. Variabel senam nifas, mobilisasi dini, dan tradisi masa nifas terhadap variabel proses involusi uteri didapatkan hasil P=0,00 berarti P<0,05 yang artinya ada hubungan antara senam nifas, mobilisasi dini, dan tradisi masa nifas terhadap proses involusi uteri. Distribusi frekuensi proses involusi uteri menunjukkan bahwa dari 57 rsponden didapatkan 34 responden (56,9%) mengalami involusi buruk, dan 23 responden (40,4%) mengalami involusi baik. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya peningkatan penyuluhan dan pemberian informasi dari tenaga kesehatan serta dukungan keluarga dan suami kepada ibu nifas mengenai pentingnya melakukan senam nifas, mobilisasi dini dan menjalankan tradisi masa nifas yang tidak bertentangan dengan dunia kesehatan yang baik
Hubungan Promosi Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Peran Bidan terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim (AKDR)
Authors: Audina Wirdia Salsabila , Astarie Aida Diana
Published: June 2020

Perilaku penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim (AKDR) adalah suatu sikap yang dilakukan responden pengguna KB berdasarkan jenis alat kontrasepsi IUD maupun alat kontrasepsi yang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan promosi kesehatan, lingkungan dan peran bidan terhadap perilaku penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim (AKDR) di Puskesmas Perumnas I Pontianak Kalimantan Barat Tahun 2017. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah analitik kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh wanita yang menggunakan AKDR. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan total populasi yaitu wanita yang menggunakan AKDR sebanyak 30 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan chi square, dengan analisis data univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian promosi kesehatan dengan perilaku penggunaan AKDR P-Value 0,004, yang artinya ada hubungan promosi kesehatan dengan perilaku penggunaan AKDR dengan OR 15,556 (2,586-93,571). Hasil penelitian lingkungan terhadap perilaku penggunaan AKDR P-Value 0,001 yang artinya ada hubungan lingkungan dengan perilaku penggunaan AKDR dengan OR 25,000 (3,522-17,477). Kesimpulannya ada hubungan promosi kesehatan, lingkungan dan peran bidan terhadap perilaku penggunaan AKDR di Puskesmas Perumnas I Pontianak. Diharapkan untuk memperbaiki perilaku penggunaan AKDR maka promosi kesehatan harus selalu dilakukan dan lebih ditingkatkan sehingga pengguna AKDR mempunyai perilaku yang baik
Faktor- Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Nifas tentang Perdarahan Postpartum
Authors: Rachmania Fitri , Zakiah Lela
Published: June 2020

Berdasarkan data 10 kasus terbanyak di RSUD Cibinong Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2016 tercatat pada rekam medik kasus perdarahan postpartum ada sebanyak 38 kasus dan pada tahun 2017 tercatat peningkatan perdarahan postpartum menjadi 102 kasus. Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ibu Nifas Tentang Perdarahan Postpartum di RSUD Cibinong Tahun 2017.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desain survey analitik kualitatif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi sebanyak 1675 responden dan sempel sebanyak 94 responden ibu nifas yang mengalami perdarahan postpartum di RSUD Cibinong. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukan bahwa dari total 94 responden ibu nifas yang tidak mengalami perdarahan postpartum, sebanyak 63 (67,0%). berdasarkan umur tidak berisiko sebanyak 53 (56,4%). berdasarkan paritas berisiko, sebanyak 51 (54,3%). berdasarkan pendidikan rendah, sebanyak 53 (56,4%). berdasarkan ibu yang tidak pekerjaan, sebanyak 80 (85,1%). Simpulan ada hubungan antara umur dan  paritas. Saran bagi tempat penelitian diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai masukan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kebidanan dan diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan tetap terus memperhatikan kelengkapan pendokumentasian data rekam medik pasien agar data- data pasien tercatat dengan lengkap dan rapih.
COGNITIVE PERCEPTIONS OF PRE-SERVİCE SCIENCE TEACHER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Authors: Kalaycı Serpil
Published: June 2020

This research aims to determine cognitive structures about environmental pollution of pre-service science teachers and their perceptions of the most important environmental pollution in their lives. Data have been obtained from 33 pre-service science teachers. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used together. Data is collected with word association test, open-ended questions, and drawing technique. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis and content analysis methods. According to the data obtained from the word association test, environmental pollution was put into four categories. These categories are ‘sources of pollution’, ‘types of pollution’, ‘consequences caused by pollution’ and ‘those affected by pollution’. The pre-service teachers drew mostly air pollution and then water and soil pollution in their drawings. Similarly, pre-service teachers wrote mostly air and water pollution as the most important environmental pollution. The majority of the pre-service teachers were seen to have the perception that humans cause environmental pollution. However, it was determined that some pre-service teachers hardly mentioned the extent of pollution over other living things.
Keywords: cognitive perception, drawing technique, environmental pollution, pre-service science teacher, word association test.
HIGHER AND LOWER-ORDER THINKING SKILLS: THE CASE OF CHEMISTRY REVISITED
Authors: Tsaparlis Georgios
Published: June 2020

This work analyses students’ failure in the 2019 Nationwide Chemistry Examination in Greece, which concerns secondary education graduates, competing for admission to higher education Greek institutions. The distinction of thinking skills into higher and lower order (HOTS and LOTS) is used as a theoretical tool for this analysis. The examination included several questions that contained HOTS elements that had been unusual in previous examinations. This led to a decrease in overall student performance but better discrimination between outstanding and good students. Based on two samples of examination papers, corresponding to very similar subsets of the student population, the 2018 and 2019 examinations are compared, and the individual 2019 questions are evaluated. It was found that section B of the 2019 examination paper (which included contexts unfamiliar to the students, and for which, a large effect size between 2018 and 2019 was calculated) may have caused the large drop. An important link is established between the 2019 low performance and the HOTS and LOTS features of the questions, and the role or non-role of algorithmic calculations is examined. In addition, the critical opinions of chemistry teachers are provided, with a consensus emerging in favour of connecting chemistry with everyday life.
Keywords: chemistry examinations, higher-order cognitive skills, higher-order thinking skills, student assessment, twelfth-grade chemistry.
Test Technique as a Tool for Evaluation of Learning Outcomes
Authors: Hayati Ulfi , Ediyani Muhammad , Maimun Maimun , Anwar Kasyful , Fauzi M. Bahriza , Suryati Suryati
Published: June 2020

In the world of education to find out whether the educational process is successful in accordance with educational goals, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation to find out the extent of its success. Measuring is the most common activity carried out and is an action that initiates evaluation activities in the assessment of learning outcomes. The test is a method used by educators to measure and assess students' abilities systematically, fairly, objectively, and prosuderal by giving tasks in the form of questions and statements that must be done by students so that they can produce values that symbolize student achievement.
The Analysis of Maqashid Syariah on the Use of Fiat Money and Dinar Dirham
Authors: Zahara Fatimah
Published: June 2020

Money as a medium of exchange, has at least two forms, namely fiat money and dinar dirham. This paper discusses the use of fiat money and the use of gold and silver as a currency with its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this article also compares the use of fiat money and dinar dirhams as currency. This paper answers the question of whether gold and silver are the only metals accepted as the currency in the economic system, while other currencies are not. The results of this study indicate that, although the hadith is more likely to state that gold and silver as money, it is not limited to gold and silver. By law, 'Illah of thamaniyyah' which is not restricted to gold and silver but money in general, is supported by Ibn Taymiyah's opinion. In addition to that, the principle of ibahah where in muamalah everything is allowed, as long as it is not prohibited by the texts (Al-Quran and Sunnah). Maqashid Al-Shariah allows other forms other than gold and silver to be used as currency, if the conditions are demanding so. Metals other than gold and silver are accepted, as long as it can facilitate sharia activities such as paying zakat and rejecting usury.
Relationship Emotional Intelligence with Conflict Management in Employees of PT. Aspacindo Kedaton Motor
Authors: Siregar Farida Hanum
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study is to find out the relationship emotional Intelligence with Conflict Management in Employees of Pt. Aspacindo Kedaton Motor. The research approach used in this study is a quantitative approach using correlation or relationship tests. Correlation research is research that aims to investigate the extent to which variations in one variable are related to variations in one or more other variables. The result of research on employees who have high conflict management and emotional intelligence are also classified as high. This can be seen from the SD results of 6.056, the hypothetical mean value of conflict management at 62.5, and the empirical mean of 74.66. Furthermore, the results of elementary emotional emotional intelligence amounted to 10.38, the mean hypothetical value was 72.5 and the empirical mean was 88.82.
How to Support Vulnerable Citizens during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Community Initiative from Ubiquitous Network Perspectives
Authors: Oe Hiroko , Weeks Max
Published: June 2020

The current COVID-19 lockdown situation has had a negative impact on people’s connectedness which also has an influence on the well-being of the citizens (Canady, 2020; Hare-Duke, 2019; Oe, 2020). The enhancement of human interaction and networking is a key topic to sustain people’s health, and this has been on the emergent agenda during the current COVID-19 situation (Oe, 2020).To tackle this issue, one theory that could be employed is the efficacy of community members’ engagement, as proposed by McMillian and Chavis (1986), who summarised a key ‘sense of community’ model. This model suggests four main dimensions should be strengthened to engage community members in supporting vulnerable people: a sense of belonging, an emotional connection, fulfilment of needs, and influence (Bermea et al., 2019).This conceptual paper aims to enhance the discussion of how best to support vulnerable isolated citizens during the COVID-19 lockdown situation. A proposition framework suggests actionable implications with tangible recommendations for the relevant stakeholders. The authors propose two key themes to be considered: (1) how to meet needs and provide support in the virtual network community, and (2) how to implement assistive technologies as a ubiquitous network paradigm as a community safety net for all.
Process Development Process Problem Based Learning for Writing Students' Explanatory Texts in Class XI SMK PAB 03 Medan
Authors: Purba Dinny Andriani , Daulay Syahnan , Marice Marice
Published: June 2020

This study aims to describe the process of developing problem-based learning models (Problem Based Learning) to write explanatory texts of students in class XI SMK PAB 03 Medan. This research was conducted at SMK PAB 3 Medan located on Jl. Mosque No. 1, Medan Estate, Medan, Medan Baru District The research will be conducted in July 2019 to October 2019. The population of this research is all students of class XI SMK PAB 3 Medan in 2019/2020 academic year. The process of developing problem-based learning models on explanatory text writing material in class XI students of SMK PAB 03 Medan is in general aspects of the assessment given by reviewers, the product design of problem-based learning model development is very good (SB) with an average overall score of 89.5% with very good assessment criteria.
Development of Powerpoint-Based Learning Media on Learning Aqeedah Morals
Authors: Sitorus Lufita Sari , Mardianto Mardianto , Matsum Hasan
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out: (1) Development of power point-based learning media on Aqeedah Moral learning in MTs N Kisaran, (2) The feasibility of power point-based learning media on learning Aqidah Akhlak in MTsN Kisaran, (3) Practicality of learning-based media power point on the learning of Aqeedah Morals in MTs N Range, and (4) effectiveness of learning media based on power point on the learning of Aqeedah Morals in MTsN Kisaran in improving student learning outcomes. Research methods used by research and development methods (R&D). Product development procedures are carried out in stages: (1) potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) validation, (5) product trials and (6) product revisions. The research findings show: (1) the development of power point-based learning media on Aqeedah Akhlak learning is done first by analyzing the needs and then proceed with the design of powerpoint media. The product produced as a learning medium that is used to facilitate students to learn, (2) the feasibility of power point-based learning media on Aqeedah Moral learning is done by material experts with a score of 83.33, a very valid category and a media expert with a score of 75.00 categories valid, so the cumulative score is 79.16 with a valid category, (3) practicality of power point-based learning media on Aqeedah Akhlak is done by conducting individual trials with a score of 80.83 very practical categories, small group trials with a score of 79.38 practical categories, and field group trials with a score of 89.75 very practical categories, so that when accumulated a score of 83.33 is obtained with a very practical category, and (4) the effectiveness of powerpoint-based learning media on Aqidah Moral learning in improving student learning outcomes obtained N scores -Gain 0.51 with the effective category so that it can be concluded that the powerpoint development product for learning the Morals is effective for enhancing student achievement.
INVESTIGATING CONTENT-BASED READING INSTRUCTION IN PROMOTING STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION: A CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH
Authors: Khusniyah Nurul Lailatul , Wadi Ari Safar
Published: June 2020

This study aimed at describing how content-based reading instruction on students’ reading comprehension. The method used in this current research was a classroom action research. The participants were taken from an EFL classroom of a private madrasah in Narmada. Process of collecting data was taken using test and observation. Teacher and students’ worksheets were the qualitative data collection instrument to assess the reading instruction process. Meanwhile, the test used TOEFL to measure students’ reading comprehension. The research findings show that reading instruction achieved 71.42% in Cycle I  and 94.46% in Cycle II. The students’ learning outcome shows 38.89% (Cycle I), and 83.34% (Cycle II). It means that there is a significant improvement of the reading comprehension from cycle I to cycle II. In addition, the students were active, enthusiastic, and participated in reading instruction using CBI.
Influence of Cu Doping on Bipolar Conduction Suppression for p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 Alloys
Authors: Cho Hyun-Jun , Kim Hyun-Sik , Sohn Woong-hee , Kim Sang-il
Published: June 2020

In this study, we report how Cu doping can modify the thermoelectric performance of p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 thermoelectric alloys, including their electronic and thermal transport properties. For electronic transport, the power factors of both Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 compositions were increased by Cu doping. The origins of the enhanced power factors were examined using a single parabolic band model, by estimating the changes in deformation potential, effective mass, nondegenerate mobility and weighted mobility in both valence and conduction bands. The weighted mobility of the valence band was increased by Cu doping and increased Sb ratio, while the weighted mobility of the conduction band decreased, suggesting bipolar conduction was greatly reduced. For thermal transport, Cu0.0075Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 had a lower lattice thermal conductivity than Cu0.0075Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, respectively, due to an increase in Umklapp scattering. In addition, Cu doping suppressed bipolar thermal conductivity at high temperatures, by increasing hole concentration. It was also confirmed that Cu-doped samples had a lower lattice thermal conductivity than undoped samples due to additional point defect scattering. As a result, the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) was greatly enhanced by 0.0075 mol of Cu doping, from 0.80 to 1.11 in Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3, while the zT is increased from 1.0 to 1.05 for Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN KOPERASI PASAR KUMBASARI BADUNG
Authors: Sariani Ni Luh Putu , Pradhana Putu Dharmawan , Utami Ni Made Satya
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine the factors that influence employee motivation. The research was conducted at Kumbasari Badung Market Cooperative with a sample study of 122 people. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of the factors that are operated through Statistical Program Social Scence (SPSS) for windows 24.0. The results showed that there are two factors that influence employee motivation in the Kumbasari Badung Market Cooperatives, the Internal Motivation Factors and External Motivation Factors
RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS BY SUBMUCOSAL W-LASER DESTRUCTION OF HEMORRHOIDAL PILES
Authors: Cherepenin M. Yu. , Gorskiy V. A. , Armashov V. P.
Published: June 2020

AIM: to evaluate the results of submucosal laser destruction of hemorrhoids using a W-laser.PATIENTS AND METHODS: one-hundred twenty-four patients with chronic hemorrhoids underwent submucosal W-laser destruction of hemorrhoidal piles in September 2017 – January 2019.RESULTS: the time of the procedure was 18-22 minutes. The hospital stay was 7-10 hours. The maximal edema of the pararectal area appeared by the 3rd days and was resolved on 13-14 days. The size of the edema depended on the volume of anesthetic. Maximal pain was observed on days 1 and 3 after surgery. The period for taking analgesics was not more than 7 days. No prolapse of hemorrhoidal piles was detected in all patients after 4 weeks postoperatively. No rectal bleeding was detected in 97.3%. The excellent result of treatment was found in 70.2%, good – in 22.6%, bad – in 7.2%.CONCLUSION: submucosal W-laser destruction of hemorrhoidal piles showed a less pain intensity after surgery and a decrease in the complication rate, fast recovery and better quality of life.
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A AND LATERAL SUBCUTANEOUS SPHINCTEROTOMY FOR CHRONIC ANAL FISSURE WITH THE SPHINCTER SPASM. WHAT TO CHOOSE? (systematic literature review and meta-analysis)
Authors: Khryukin R. Yu. , Kostarev I. V. , Arslanbekova K. I. , Nagudov M. A. , Zharkov E. E.
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION: for the treatment of chronic anal fissure, various surgical techniques are used, the main difference between which is the method of eliminating the anal sphincter spasm. One of the most serious postoperative complications is the development of anal incontinence. To date, there are a number of methods for drug-induced relaxation of the internal sphincter, which can significantly reduce the risk of developing anal incontinence after surgery.AIM: to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) and lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy (LSS) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure with sphincter spasm.METHODS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 selected randomized clinical trials comparing the results of treatment of chronic anal fissure using BTA and LSS was performed. The results of treatment of 489 patients were analyzed with an assessment of the following indicators: the incidence of epithelization of fissures, postoperative complications, development of anal incontinence and the disease recurrence. RESULTS: In the BTA group, the incidence of fissure epithelization is 0.88 times lower than in the LSS group (OR=0.12; CI=0.06;0.22; p<0.00001). There were no statistical differences in the rate of postoperative complications in both groups (OR=1.07; CI=0.50;2.30; p=0.85). The risk of developing postoperative anal incontinence is 0.86 times lower in the BTA group than in the LSS group (OR=0.14; CI=0.03;0.64; p=0.01). The risk of relapse after lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy is 6.06 times lower than when using botulinum toxin type A (OR=6.06; CI=3.52;10.42; p<0.00001).CONCLUSION The use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of chronic anal fissure reduces the risk of developing postoperative anal incontinence, but this method is significantly inferior to lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy in terms of the rate of chronic anal fissure epithelization.
COMPARISON OF TUNNEL AND CLASSICAL METHODS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN EPITHELIAL COLON TUMORS (systematic review and meta-analysis)
Authors: Yugay O. M. , Mtvralashvili D. A. , Veselov V. V. , Vaganov Yu. E. , Mainovskaya O. E. , Likutov A. A. , Nagudov M. A. , Chernyshov S. V.
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a modern effective method for patients with benign epithelial tumors and early colorectal cancer.The use of such a technique for ESD as a submucosal tunnel (‘pocket’) – creation under a tumor creates conditions for improving the surgical specimen qualityand reducingfragmentationrate.Aim: to study the effectiveness and safety of the tunnel method of ESD (TESD) in comparison with classical ESD (CESD) in colorectal adenomas and early colorectal cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS: literature search and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations using the PUBMED search system in the Medline electronic database without limiting publication datesin the English language literature. The systematic review included all the studies on comparison of the tunnel and classical ESD methods.RESULTS: the analysis included 4 studies (1,422 patients, 458 in the TESD group and 961 in the CESD group). The groups were comparable in the number of adenomas (OR=1.25; 95% CI=0.87-1.79; p=0.22), adenocarcinomas (OR=0.96; 95% CI=0.49-1.87; p=0.90), in the size of neoplasms (95% CI=-6.26-1.22; p=0.19), and in the presence of submucosal fibrosis (p=0.69). There were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding rate (OR=1.24; 95% CI=0.53-2.88; p=0.61); however, perforations occurred more often when using CESD (OR= 0.35; 95% CI=0.15-0.83; p=0.02). The CESD took significantly longer time than the TESD (OR=-19.1; 95% CI=33.89-4.45; p=0.01). The frequency of en bloc resections (OR=16.06; 95% CI=4.95-52.11; p<0.0001) and R0-resections (OR=3.28; 95% CI=1.30-8.32; p=0.01) were significantly higher in the TESD. CONCLUSION: the tunnel method of endoscopic submucosal dissection is an effective and safe alternative to the classical method. However, there is currently a lack of data for the choice of submucosal dissection method for large colorectal adenomas and early colorectal cancer, which requires further comparative studies.
CROHN'S DISEASE. CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS (PRELIMINARY VERSION)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: June 2020

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RETRACTED: Leishmania-Specific Promiscuous Membrane Protein Tubulin Folding Cofactor D Divulges Th1/Th2 Polarization in the Host via ERK-1/2 and p38 MAPK Signaling Cascade
Authors: Jamal Fauzia , Singh Manish K. , Hansa Jagadish , Pushpanjali  , Ahmad Ghufran , Dikhit Manas Ranjan , Umar Mohd Saad , Bimal Sanjiva , Das Pradeep , Mujeeb Anzar Abdul , Singh Shubhankar K. , Zubair Swaleha , Owais Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-related mortality and morbidity imposes a great deal of health concern across the globe. The existing anti-leishmanial drug regimen generally fails to eliminate newly emerging resistant isolates of this dreadful parasite. In such circumstances, the development of a prophylactic strategy to impart protection against the disease is likely to take center stage. In order to develop a promising prophylactic vaccine, it is desirable to identify an adequately potential vaccine candidate. In silico analysis of Leishmania tubulin folding cofactor D protein predicted its potential to activate both B- and T-cell repertoires. Furthermore, the ELISA employing anti-peptide27 (a segment of tubulin folding cofactor D) antibody revealed its proficiency in VL diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The peptide27 and its cocktail with another Leishmania peptide (peptide23) prompted the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-17, etc., and the down-regulation of immune-regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in the immunized BALB/c mice. Coherent to the consequence of peptide-specific humoral immune response, peptide cocktail-based immunization ensued in the predominant amplification of pathogen-specific IgG2a over the IgG1 isotype, up-regulated proliferation of T lymphocytes, and enhanced production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, etc. We also established that the peptide cocktail modulated host MAPK signaling to favor the amplification of Th1-dominated immune response in the host. The peptide cocktail mediated the activation of the host immune armory, which was eventually translated into a significant decline in parasitic load in the visceral organs of experimental animals challenged with Leishmania donovani.
The Role of Stress-Responsive Transcription Factors in Modulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Yoon Youngdae , Seo Deok Hyun , Shin Hoyoon , Kim Hui Jin , Kim Chul Min , Jang Geupil
Published: June 2020

Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high temperature, and salinity, affect plant growth and productivity. Furthermore, global climate change may increase the frequency and severity of abiotic stresses, suggesting that development of varieties with improved stress tolerance is critical for future sustainable crop production. Improving stress tolerance requires a detailed understanding of the hormone signaling and transcriptional pathways involved in stress responses. Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are key stress-response hormones in plants, and some stress-responsive transcription factors such as ABFs and MYCs function as direct components of ABA and JA signaling, playing a pivotal role in plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, extensive studies have identified other stress-responsive transcription factors belonging to the NAC, AP2/ERF, MYB, and WRKY families that mediate plant response and tolerance to abiotic stress. These suggest that transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes is an essential step to determine the mechanisms underlying plant stress responses and tolerance to abiotic stress, and that these transcription factors may be important targets for development of crops with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms underlying plant abiotic stress responses, focusing on ABA and JA metabolism and signaling pathways. We then summarize the diverse array of transcription factors involved in plant responses to abiotic stress, while noting their potential applications for improvement of stress tolerance.
A Decade of Treatment of Canine Parvovirus in an Animal Shelter: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Horecka Kevin , Porter Steve , Amirian E. Susan , Jefferson Ellen
Published: June 2020

Here, we present 11.5 years of monthly treatment statistics showing an overall intake of 5127 infected dogs between June 2008 and December 2019, as well as more detailed datasets from more recent, less protracted time periods for the examination of mortality risk, seasonality, and resource requirements in the mass treatment of canine parvovirus (CPV) in a private animal shelter. The total survival rate of animals during the study period was 86.6% (n = 4438/5127 dogs survived) with the probability of survival increasing to 96.7% after five days of treatment (with 80% of fatalities occurring in that period). A distinct parvovirus season peaking in May and June and troughing in August, September, December, and January was observed, which could have contributed as much as 41 animals peak-to-trough in the monthly population (with a potential, smaller season occurring in October). Low-weight and male animals were at higher risk for death, whereas age was not a significant contributing factor. Treatment time averaged 9.03 h of total care during a seven-day median treatment duration. These findings, taken together, demonstrate that canine parvovirus can be successfully treated in a sustainable manner within a shelter setting using a largely volunteer workforce.
Oral Plus Topical Administration of Enrofloxacin-Hydrochloride-Dihydrate for the Treatment of Unresponsive Canine Pyoderma. A Clinical Trial
Authors: Gutierrez Lilia , Tapia Graciela , Ocampo Luis , Monroy-Barreto Minerva , Sumano Hector
Published: June 2020

An outpatient clinical trial on unresponsive deep-bacterial canine pyoderma (UDCP), without a control group, is presented. The chosen treatment was implemented with a new crystal-solvate of enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin HCl-2H2O or enro-C), in a dual scheme, i.e., 10 mg/kg/day PO, plus its topical administration, prepared as 0.5% in an alginate gel, thrice per day. Fifty-five cases that were unsuccessfully treated previously with another antibacterial drug, were selected and then classified as severe or very severe, according to a clinical score tailored for this trial. Aerobic bacteriological cultures of skin lesions and antibacterial sensitivity tests, were performed. Hematological status, liver, and kidney functions were determined before and after treatment. A complete success was obtained in 32 severe and 23 very severe, cases. The main bacterial isolates were: Staphylococcus intermedius (19/99), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (16/99), Staphylococcus epidermidis (15/99), Staphylococcus pyogenes (14/99), Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus sp., and others including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6/99). The average duration of treatment was 8.03 days ± 2.1 SD and 12.0 ± 2.4 days, for dogs with severe or very severe UDCP, respectively. The adverse effects caused by enro-C were inconsequential and the hematological tests showed no deviations from normality. The use of enro-C administered dually to treat UDCP, is considered safe and highly effective.
Effects of Supplementing Grape Pomace to Broilers Fed Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enriched Diets on Meat Quality
Authors: Turcu Raluca Paula , Panaite Tatiana Dumitra , Untea Arabela Elena , Șoica Cristina , Iuga Mădălina , Mironeasa Silvia
Published: June 2020

The effects of using grape pomace as natural antioxidant in polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched broiler diets (4% flaxseed meal) on color, texture and lipid peroxidation of meat were evaluated. The 4-week feeding trial was conducted on 200, Cobb 500 broilers, assigned to 5 groups and housed in an experimental hall with floored pens. Compared to the control group, the diet for the experimental groups included 3% or 6% of two grape pomace varieties, white and red. Diet formulation enrichment with red grape pomace influenced the meat color parameters, underlining an accentuated total color difference (ΔE) for both breast and thigh as compared to the control. The dietary supplementation with grape pomace led to the increase of meat hardness regardless of the amount and variety added. The grape pomace inclusion in broiler diets positively influenced meat color and texture. Regarding the lipid oxidation parameters, there was a decrease of the value of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in thigh meat in all experimental groups. Additionally, significant differences were highlighted for breast in 3% white grape pomace and 6% red grape pomace supplemented groups when compared to the control group. In conclusion, the supplementation of broiler diets enriched in PUFA with grape pomace improved meat color and texture, which are essential parameters for consumer’s choice. Also, the grape pomace supplementation indicated an improvement of thigh meat oxidative stability, especially regarding the TBARS value.
The Dynamic Changes of African Elephant Milk Composition over Lactation
Authors: Kobeni Sibusiso , Osthoff Gernot , Madende Moses , Hugo Arnold , Marabini Lisa
Published: June 2020

The combined data of milk composition of 14 African elephants over 25 months of lactation are presented. The milk density was constant during lactation. The total protein content increased with progressing lactation, with caseins as the predominant protein fraction. The total carbohydrates steadily decreased, with the oligosaccharides becoming the major fraction. Lactose and isoglobotriose reached equal levels at mid lactation. The milk fat content increased during lactation, as did the caprylic and capric acids, while the 12 carbon and longer fatty acids decreased. The fatty acid composition of the milk phospholipids fluctuated, and their total saturated fatty acid composition was low compared to the triacylglycerides. The milk ash and content of the major minerals, Na, K, Mg, P, and Ca, increased. Vitamin content was low, Vitamin E occurred in quantifiable amounts, with traces of vitamins A, D3, and K. The energy levels of African elephant milk did not change much in the first ten months of lactation, but they increased thereafter due to the increase in protein and fat content. The overall changes in milk composition appeared to be in two stages: (a) strong changes up to approximately 12 months of lactation and (b) little or no changes thereafter.
AOP1, a New Live Cell Assay for the Direct and Quantitative Measure of Intracellular Antioxidant Effects
Authors: Gironde Camille , Rigal Mylène , Dufour Cécile , Furger Christophe
Published: June 2020

Taking advantage of Light Up Cell System (LUCS) technology, which allows for fine monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inside live cells, a new assay called Anti Oxidant Power 1 (AOP1) was developed to specifically measure ROS and/or free-radical scavenging effects inside living cells. This method is quantitative and EC50s obtained from AOP1 dose-response experiments were determined in order to classify the intracellular antioxidant efficacy of 15 well known antioxidant compounds with different hydrophilic properties. Six of them (epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethoxyquin, resveratrol) gave EC50s in the range of 7–64 μM, four (Trolox, catechin, epicatechin, EUK134) in the range of 0.14 to 1 mM, and 5 (sulforaphane, astaxanthin, α- and γ-tocopherols, vitamin E acetate) showed only partial or no effect. Interestingly, effects with measurable EC50s were observed for compounds with hydrophilic properties (LogP ≤ 5.3), while all antioxidants known to act at the plasma membrane level (LogP ≥ 10.3) had partial or no effect. Sulforaphane, a hydrophilic but strict Keap1/Nrf2 pathway enhancer, did not show any effect either. Importantly, AOP1 assay captures both antioxidant and prooxidant effects. Taken together, these results led us to the conclusion that AOP1 assay measures antioxidant effect of compounds that selectively enter the cell, and act as free radical scavengers in the cytosol and/or nucleus level.
Aeroacustic and Vibroacoustic Advancement in Aerospace and Automotive Systems
Authors: Citarella Roberto , Federico Luigi , Barbarino Mattia
Published: June 2020

This Special Issue highlights the latest enhancements in the abatement of noise and vibrations of aerospace and automotive systems. The reduction of acoustic emissions and the improvement of cabin interior comfort are on the path of all major transportation industries, having a direct impact on customer satisfaction and, consequently, the commercial success of new products. Topics covered in this Special Issue deal with computational, instrumentation and data analysis of noise and vibrations of fixed wing aircrafts, satellites, spacecrafts, automotives and trains, ranging from aerodynamically generated noise to engine noise, sound absorption, cabin acoustic treatments, duct acoustics and vibroacoustic properties of materials. The focus of this Special Issue is also related to industrial aspects, e.g.,: numerical and experimental studies have been performed for an existing and commercialized engine to enable design improvements aimed at reducing noise and vibrations; moreover, an optimization is provided for the design of low vibroacoustic volute centrifugal compressors and fans whose fluids should be strictly kept in the system without any leakage. Existing procedures and algorithms useful to reach the abovementioned objectives in the most efficient way are illustrated in the collected papers.
Water Vapour Promotes CO2 Transport in Poly(ionic liquid)/Ionic Liquid-Based Thin-Film Composite Membranes Containing Zinc Salt for Flue Gas Treatment
Authors: Nikolaeva Daria , Loïs Sandrine , Dahl Paul Inge , Sandru Marius , Jaschik Jolanta , Tanczyk Marek , Fuoco Alessio , Jansen Johannes Carolus , Vankelecom Ivo F.J.
Published: June 2020

A poly(ionic-liquid) (PIL) matrix can be altered by incorporating additives that will disrupt the polymer chain packing, such as an ionic liquid (IL) and inorganic salts to boost their exploitation as materials for membrane production to be used in CO2 capture. Herein, potential of PIL/IL/salt blends is investigated on the example of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (P[DADMA][Tf2N]) with N-butyl-N-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Pyrr14][Tf2N]) and zinc di-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Zn[Tf2N]2). Composite material with IL and a higher amount of Zn2+ showed an increase in the equilibrium CO2 sorption capacity to 2.77 cm3 (STP)cm −3 bar−1. Prepared blends were successfully processed into thick, dense membranes and thin-film composite membranes. Their CO2 separation efficiency was determined using ideal and mixed-gas feed (vol% CO2 = 50 , dry and with 90% relative humidity). The dominant role of solubility in the transport mechanism is confirmed by combining direct gravimetric sorption measurements and indirect estimations from time-lag experiments. The maximum incorporated amount of Zn2+ salts increased equilibrium solubility selectivity by at least 50% in comparison to the parent PIL. All materials showed increased CO2 permeance values by at least 30% in dry conditions, and 60% in humidified conditions when compared to the parent PIL; the performance of pure PIL remained unchanged upon addition of water vapor to the feed stream. Mixed-gas selectivities for all materials rose by 10% in humidified conditions when compared to dry feed experiments. Our results confirm that the addition of IL improves the performance of PIL-based composites due to lower stiffness of the membrane matrix. The addition of Zn2+-based salt had a marginal effect on CO2 separation efficiency, suggesting that the cation participates in the facilitated transport of CO2.
Optimization Design of a 2.5 Stage Highly Loaded Axial Compressor with a Bezier Surface Modeling Method
Authors: Huang Song , Cheng Jinxin , Yang Chengwu , Zhou Chuangxin , Zhao Shengfeng , Lu Xingen
Published: June 2020

Due to the complexity of the internal flow field of compressors, the aerodynamic design and optimization of a highly loaded axial compressor with high performance still have three problems, which are rich engineering design experience, high dimensions, and time-consuming calculations. To overcome these three problems, this paper takes an engineering-designed 2.5-stage highly loaded axial flow compressor as an example to introduce the design process and the adopted design philosophies. Then, this paper verifies the numerical method of computational fluid dynamics. A new Bezier surface modeling method for the entire suction surface and pressure surface of blades is developed, and the multi-island genetic algorithm is directly used for further optimization. Only 32 optimization variables are used to optimize the rotors and stators of the compressor, which greatly overcome the problem of high dimensions, time-consuming calculations, and smooth blade surfaces. After optimization, compared with the original compressor, the peak efficiency is still improved by 0.12%, and the stall margin is increased by 2.69%. The increase in peak efficiency is mainly due to the rotors. Compared with the original compressor, for the second-stage rotor, the adiabatic efficiency is improved by about 0.4%, which is mainly due to the decreases of total pressure losses in the range of above 30% of the span height and 10%–30% of the chord length. Besides, for the original compressor, due to deterioration of the flow field near the tip region of the second-stage stator, the large low-speed region eventually evolves from corner separation into corner stall with three-dimensional space spiral backflow. For the optimized compressor, the main reason for the increased stall margin is that the flow field of the second-stage stator with a span height above 50% is improved, and the separation area and three-dimensional space spiral backflow are reduced.