bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-cancer classification; an analysis of neural network complexity
Authors: Webber James W. , Elias Kevin
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background

Cancer identification is generally framed as binary classification, normally discrimination of a control group from a single cancer group. However, such models lack any cancer-specific information, as they are only trained on one cancer type. The models fail to account for competing cancer risks. For example, an ostensibly healthy individual may have any number of different cancer types, and a tumor may originate from one of several primary sites. Pan-cancer evaluation requires a model trained on multiple cancer types, and controls, simultaneously, so that a physician can be directed to the correct area of the body for further testing.

Methods

We introduce novel neural network models to address multi-cancer classification problems across several data types commonly applied in cancer prediction, including circulating miRNA expression, protein, and mRNA. In particular, we present an analysis of neural network depth and complexity, and investigate how this relates to classification performance. Comparisons of our models with state-of-the-art neural networks from the literature are also presented.

Results

Our analysis evidences that shallow, feed-forward neural net architectures offer greater performance when compared to more complex deep feed-forward, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Graph CNN (GCNN) architectures considered in the literature.

Conclusion

The results show that multiple cancers and controls can be classified accurately using the proposed models, across a range of expression technologies in cancer prediction.

Impact

This study addresses the important problem of pan-cancer classification, which is often overlooked in the literature. The promising results highlight the urgency for further research.
The Psychosocial Benefits of Sport Participation During COVID-19 Are Only Partially Explained by Increased Physical Activity
Authors: Watson Andrew M. , Biese Kevin , Reardon Claudia , Schwarz Allison , Haraldsdottir Kristin , Brooks M. Alison , Bell David R. , McGuine Timothy
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical activity (PA) increases were responsible for the improvements in mental health and quality of life (QOL) seen among adolescents who returned to sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.Adolescent athletes were asked to complete a survey in October 2020 regarding demographic information, whether they had returned to sport participation (no [DNP], yes [PLY]), school instruction type (virtual, in-person, hybrid), anxiety, depression, QOL, and PA. Anxiety, depression, QOL and PA were compared between PLY and DNP using least squares means from linear models adjusted for age, gender, and instruction type. Mediation analysis assessed whether the relationship between sport status and anxiety, depression, and QOL was mediated by PA. 171 athletes had returned to play, while 388 had not. PLY athletes had significantly lower anxiety (3.6±0.4 v 8.2±0.6, p<0.001) and depression (4.2±0.4 v 7.3±0.6, p<0.001), and significantly higher QOL (88.1±1.0 v 80.2±1.4, p<0.001) and PA (24.0±0.5 v 16.3±0.7, p<0.001). PA explained a significant, but relatively small portion of the difference in depression (22.1%, p=0.02) and QOL (16.0%, p=0.048) between PLY and DNP athletes, but did not explain the difference in anxiety (6.6%, p=0.20). Increased PA is only responsible for a small portion of the improvements in depression and QOL among athletes who returned to sports and unrelated to improvements in anxiety. This suggests that the majority of the mental health benefits of sport participation for adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic are independent of, and in addition to, the benefits of increased PA.
Exploring the nexus of social media influencers and consumer brand engagement
Authors: Cheung Man Lai , Leung Wilson K.S. , Yang Morgan X. , Koay Kian Yeik , Chang Man Kit
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Grounded in uses and gratification theory (UGT) and observational learning theory (OLT), this study aims to understand the impact of motivational factors on consumer-influencer engagement behaviors (CIEBs). Motivating factors, including entertainment, information seeking, reward and social interaction, are regarded as antecedents of consumers' OLT, as manifested by CIEB dimensions, including consumption, contribution and creation, and subsequently drive consumer engagement with the endorsed brands.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to Malaysian social media users. A total of 263 responses were collected and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the impact of motivational factors on CIEBs.

Findings

The results show that the three dimensions of CIEBs can be predicted by different gratifications (information seeking, entertainment, reward and interaction). In addition, two of the CIEB dimensions, consumption and contribution, were found to have a significant positive influence on consumers' engagement with endorsed brands.

Practical implications

This study provides insights into how social media influencers (SMIs) could lead to CIEBs by creating entertaining and rewarding content that facilitates social interaction between consumers. SMIs and marketers that encourage consumers to browse, comment and share SMI-created posts will enhance consumer engagement with the endorsed brands, as engagement is driven by the consumption and contribution to SMI-created content.

Originality/value

SMI marketing is increasing, and many brands are beginning to rely more on SMIs to promote brands. Yet, there is a dearth of studies that have examined how SMIs play a role in affecting consumers' engagement with endorsed brands. This study contributes to the marketing literature by developing and empirically testing the research model. Results suggest that social interaction, reward and entertainment are key motivational factors that drive CIEBs, which, in turn, foster consumer engagement with endorsed brands.
Sustainable development early warning and financing risk management of resource-based industrial clusters using optimization algorithms
Authors: Wang Yawen , Xue Weixian
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The purpose is to analyze and discuss the sustainable development (SD) and financing risk assessment (FRA) of resource-based industrial clusters under the Internet of Things (IoT) economy and promote the application of Machine Learning methods and intelligent optimization algorithms in FRA.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm that is analyzed together with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. First, Yulin City in Shaanxi Province is selected for case analysis. Then, resource-based industrial clusters are studied, and an SD early-warning model is implemented. Then, the financing Risk Assessment Index System is established from the perspective of construction-operation-transfer. Finally, the risk assessment results of Support Vector Regression (SVR) and ACO-based SVR (ACO-SVR) are analyzed.

Findings

The results show that the overall sustainability of resource-based industrial clusters and IoT industrial clusters is good in the Yulin City of Shaanxi Province, and the early warning model of GA-based SVR (GA-SVR) has been achieved good results. Yulin City shows an excellent SD momentum in the resource-based industrial cluster, but there are still some risks. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the industrial structure of SD and improve the stability of the resource-based industrial cluster for Yulin City.

Originality/value

The results can provide a direction for the research on the early warning and evaluation of the SD-oriented resource-based industrial clusters and the IoT industrial clusters, promoting the application of SVM technology in the engineering field.
Research trends in tourism and hospitality from 1991 to 2020: an integrated approach of corpus linguistics and bibliometrics
Authors: Wang Gui , Wang Hui , Wang Li
Published: January 2022

Purpose

This study aims to track the historical development in tourism and hospitality research over the past 30 years by applying a novel interdisciplinary approach, combining both corpus linguistics and bibliometric analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Most frequently discussed topics and newly emerging topics were identified by investigating 18,266 abstracts from 18 leading tourism and hospitality journals with corpus linguistics toolkit AntConc and natural language processing (NLP) tool spaCy. Trend analysis and bibliometric methods were used to determine the longitudinal changes of research topics, most highly-cited publications and authors' production.

Findings

This study revealed the evolution patterns of the identified 576 most frequently discussed topics across the four subperiods (1991–2000, 2001–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2020). Specifically, results showed that information technology-related topics account for the largest proportion of the identified 38 newly emerging topics from 2011. Besides, researchers are increasingly focusing on the use of more sophisticated and advanced statistical methodologies.

Practical implications

This study helps researchers make sensible decisions on what research topics to explore; it also helps practitioners and stakeholders make the shift and track opportunities in the field.

Originality/value

No other studies have employed the novel interdisciplinary approach, combining corpus linguistic tools in linguistics, NLP techniques in computer science and bibliometric analysis in library and information science, for exploring research trends in tourism and hospitality.
Urbanization and the organization of territorial cohesion – results from a comparative Danish case-study on territorial inequality and social cohesion
Authors: Jørgensen Anja , Fallov Mia Arp
Published: January 2022

Purpose

There is a growing importance for public facilitation of corporate social responsibility and involvement of civil organizations in securing territorial cohesion and development. In the present article, the authors focus on how we are to understand a locally sensitive organization of territorial cohesion in the Danish context. Traditional sociological concepts and standardized area-types used for administrative purposes have turned out not being very helpful in understanding the interrelation between inequality, urbanization and territorial cohesion. The authors argue for a processual and relational approach to urbanization.

Design/methodology/approach

The present article is based on interview material and policy documents from three Danish case studies representing urban, suburban and rural forms of settlement. The case studies are part of a cross-European research project.

Findings

The authors show how territorial governance play a key role in the strategies of densification/de-densification facilitating shielding capacities of collective efficacy, and reversely that bottom-up innovations are crucial for the ability of territorial governance to mobilize territorial capital and mediate in effects of territorial inequality. Spatial imaginaries legitimize these efforts to organize cohesion. The spatial imaginaries work as common frame of references for the interplay between strategies of (de)densification and collective efficacy, and they activate particular balances between growth agendas and everyday life.

Originality/value

These findings represent an original perspective on how and why urbanization impact on places in a more specific and variated way than often portrayed as it highlight how social capacities tied to place might work with or against existing social, economic and cultural structures shaping territorial cohesion.
Parametric optimization of friction stir welding process parameters of dissimilar welded joints using grey relational analysis and desirability function approach
Authors: Nadikudi Bhanodaya Kiran Babu
Published: January 2022

Purpose

The main purpose of the present work is to study the multi response optimization of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) process parameters using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis and desirability function approach (DFA).

Design/methodology/approach

The welded sheets were fabricated as per Taguchi orthogonal array design. The effects of tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tool tilt angle process parameters on ultimate tensile strength and hardness were analyzed using grey relational analysis, and DFA and optimum parameters combination was determined.

Findings

The tensile strength and hardness values were evaluated from the welded joints. The optimum values of process parameters were estimated through grey relational analysis and DFA methods. Similar kind of optimum levels of process parameters were obtained through two optimization approaches as tool rotational speed of 1150 rpm, transverse speed of 24 mm/min and tool tilt angle of 2° are the best process parameters combination for maximizing both the tensile strength and hardness. Through these studies, it was confirmed that grey relational analysis and DFA methods can be used to find the multi response optimum values of FSW process parameters.

Research limitations/implications

In the present study, the FSW is performed with L9 orthogonal array design with three process parameters such as tool rotational speed, transverse speed and tilt angle and three levels.

Practical implications

Aluminium alloys are widely using in automotive and aerospace industries due to holding a high strength to weight property.

Originality/value

Very limited work had been carried out on multi objective optimization techniques such as grey relational analysis and DFA on friction stir welded joints made with dissimilar aluminium alloys sheets.
Relationships between above‐ground plant traits and carbon cycling in tundra plant communities
Authors: Happonen Konsta , Virkkala Anna‐Maria , Kemppinen Julia , Niittynen Pekka , Luoto Miska
Published: January 2022

The trait composition and trait diversity of plant communities are globally applicable predictors of ecosystem functioning. Yet, it is unclear how plant traits influence carbon cycling. This is an important question in the tundra where vegetation shifts are occurring across the entire biome, and where soil organic carbon stocks are large and vulnerable to environmental change.

To study how plant traits affect carbon cycling in the tundra, we built a model that explained carbon cycling (above‐ground and soil organic carbon stocks, and photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes) with abiotic conditions (air temperature and soil moisture), and the averages and within‐community variabilities of three above‐ground traits: plant height, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and SLA. These functional parameters were represented by abundance‐weighted means and standard deviations of species traits. The data were collected from an observational study setting from northern Finland.

The explanatory power of the models was relatively high, but a large part of variation in soil organic carbon stocks remained unexplained. Average plant height was the strongest predictor of all carbon cycling variables except soil carbon stocks. Communities of larger plants were associated with larger CO2 fluxes and above‐ground carbon stocks. Communities with fast leaf economics (i.e. high SLA and low LDMC) had higher photosynthesis, ecosystem respiration and soil organic carbon stocks.

Within‐community variability in plant height, SLA and LDMC affected ecosystem functions differently. Variability in SLA and LDMC increased CO2 fluxes and soil organic carbon stocks, while variability in height increased the above‐ground carbon stock. The contributions of within‐community trait variability metrics to ecosystem functioning within the study area were about as important as those of average SLA and LDMC.

Synthesis. Plant height, SLA and LDMC have clear effects on tundra carbon cycling. The importance of within‐community trait variability highlights a potentially important mechanism controlling the vast tundra carbon pools that should be better recognized. More research on root traits and decomposer communities is needed to understand the below‐ground mechanisms regulating carbon cycling in the tundra.
Assessing the status of leopard in the Cape Fold Mountains using a Bayesian spatial capture–recapture model in Just Another Gibbs Sampler
Authors: Amin Rajan , Wilkinson Anita , Williams Kathryn S. , Martins Quinton E. , Hayward Jeannie
Published: January 2022

Large carnivores are in decline globally. The leopard's (Panthera pardus) adaptability enabled its survival as the last remaining apex predator in the Western Cape, South Africa. Limited suitable habitat and anthropogenic activity imperil the continued survival of leopards, yet density estimates are lacking in the Western Cape, especially across unprotected areas. We employ the flexible modelling environment of Just Another Gibbs Sampler (JAGS) to implement a Bayesian spatial capture–recapture (SCR) model and generate the first density estimate for the leopard population in the Boland Mountain Complex using a dataset collected in 2010–2011. Leopard density was estimated at 1.69/100 km2(95% CI = 1.4–1.99) with adult female leopards occurring at a higher density (0.93/100 km2[95% CI = 0.64–1.18]) than males (0.76/100 km2[95% CI = 0.62–0.90]). Our modelling shows that males have more extensive ranges than females, increasing their susceptibility to anthropogenic threats, which are generally more abundant at the study area's periphery. Tailored conservation efforts are recommended in conjunction with an up‐to‐date leopard population density reassessment. The JAGS approach to SCR also enabled a detailed investigation of animal distribution and movement, and provides a reliable methodology to monitor population trends.
Detection boundary for a sparse gamma scale mixture model
Authors: Stewart Michael I.
Published: January 2022

We derive the detection boundary for the one‐sided version of the gamma scale mixture model where the contaminating component has a larger mean than the known reference distribution. We also derive an adaptive test which is able to almost uniformly attain the best possible performance in terms of detection of local alternatives.
Retracted: Artificial intelligence for classification and regression tree based feature selection method for network intrusion detection system in various telecommunication technologies
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Upendra
Published: January 2022

Now a days, secure data communication over computer network system is a major issue in which impact of feature reduction plays a vital role to secure network by early detection of intrusion. It not only keeps a deep impact on the performance of existing Intrusion Detection System (IDS) algorithms but also affects the computational complexity. Although lots of techniques have been offered for feature reduction by researchers and they have their own perks and quirks, but still they are several flows. To manipulate the same dataset for different classifiers and to select different number of features for the detection of attacks are not only having too much computational cost but also time consuming. The experiments have been carried out using “Python” programming language based library “Scikit‐Learn” software on “Kddcup99” dataset from UCI machine learning repository as a test bed. In this article a classification and regression trees (CART) based feature selection algorithm has been proposed which offers optimum set of features. Further optimum set of features has been offered by our proposed work passed over various classifiers for training and testing to establish network intrusion detection system (NIDS). We have compared the performance accuracy of various existing machine learning (ML) based classification algorithms and obtained higher performance accuracy with lower computational cost. The proposed algorithm having optimum time complexity and accuracy in designing of IDS.
A case study of a patient‐centered reverse translational systems‐based approach to understand adverse event profiles in drug development
Authors: Kim Sarah , Lahu Gezim , Vakilynejad Majid , Soldatos Theodoros G. , Jackson David B. , Lesko Lawrence J. , Trame Mirjam N.
Published: January 2022

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of targeted therapy drugs (TTDs) are frequently unexpected and long‐term toxicities detract from exceptional efficacy of new TTDs. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we explored how molecular causation involved in trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity changes when trastuzumab was given in combination with doxorubicin, tamoxifen, paroxetine, or lapatinib. The data analytical platform Molecular Health Effect was utilized to map population ADR data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System to chemical and biological databases (such as UniProt and Reactome), for hypothesis generation regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms causing cardiotoxicity. Disproportionality analysis was used to assess the statistical relevance between adverse events of interest and molecular causation. Literature search was performed to compare the established hypotheses to published experimental findings. We found that the combination therapy of trastuzumab and doxorubicin may affect mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes through different molecular pathways such as BCL‐X and PGC‐1α proteins, leading to a synergistic effect of cardiotoxicity. We found, on the other hand, that trastuzumab‐induced cardiotoxicity would be diminished by concomitant use of tamoxifen, paroxetine, and/or lapatinib. Tamoxifen and paroxetine may cause less cardiotoxicity through an increase in antioxidant activities, such as glutathione conjugation. Lapatinib may decrease the apoptotic effects in cardiomyocytes by altering the effects of trastuzumab on BCL‐X proteins. This patient‐centered systems‐based approach provides, based on the trastuzumab‐induced ADR cardiotoxicity, an example of how to apply reverse translation to investigate ADRs at the molecular pathway and target level to understand the causality and prevalence during drug development of novel therapeutics.
Listening with the Dead Other
Authors: Amoozegar Farzad
Published: January 2022

This article examines how ethics are formed for an Iranian paraplegic, a veteran of the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War, through a mode of listening that is committed to receiving the dead other. I draw on relational ethics to express how an ethical subject is shaped through the other, even in the other's absence. The dead other places a demand on the self, creating the foundation of a response and responsibility for the deceased. Thus, a unique relationship is developed that is beyond time, a responsiveness through which the living can attend to the dead. This demand by the dead other creates a responsibility for the living that goes beyond the finite temporality of a lifespan. Listening becomes a way of existing face‐to‐face with a nonresponsive other and, at the same time, of seeking to be responsible toward the dead other.
Engaging fathers: Expanding the scope of evidence‐based home visiting programs
Authors: Osborne Cynthia , DeAnda Jacqueline , Benson Kaeley
Published: January 2022

Objective

This descriptive study broadens the scope of father participation in home visiting and examines how fathers' participation varies by demographic and family characteristics.

Background

Consistent and supportive father involvement is associated with positive outcomes for children. Although parenting programs during early childhood provide opportunities to influence fathers' involvement with their children, father participation in these programs is low.

Method

We developed and administered a survey to mothers participating in home visiting programs (N = 1,386) to describe how fathers participate in home visiting programs. A series of logistic regression analyses were used to describe how father participation varied across key factors.

Results

Fathers frequently engaged with home visiting in ways that were more indirect, and therefore go unreported by home visitors (e.g., asking mothers about a missed home visit, doing homework or practicing lessons from the visit with the child). Father participation varied based on the relationship and coresidence status between the child's mother and father, father's employment status, and age of the child.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that fathers engage in home visiting more frequently than previously measured, as they often participate in ways that are not directly observed and reported by home visitors.

Implications

Expanding the scope of what defines father participation provides home visiting program staff a better understanding of how fathers participate in the programs and, consequently, how to target father engagement strategies. Informed engagement strategies may be more effective for increasing father engagement and the impact of father participation for families and children.
Evaluating the reading and listening outcomes of beginning‐level Duolingo courses
Authors: Jiang Xiangying , Rollinson Joseph , Plonsky Luke , Gustafson Erin , Pajak Bozena
Published: January 2022

Duolingo is a commercial language‐teaching platform that offers free courses on the web and on mobile apps. This study reports the ACTFL listening and reading proficiency levels of adult Duolingo learners who had completed beginning‐level courses in Spanish or French. The participants (n = 225) were learners residing in the United States, had little to no prior proficiency in the target language, and used Duolingo as their only learning tool. The Duolingo learners reached Intermediate Low in reading and Novice High in listening. No other skills were assessed. Their reading and listening scores were comparable with those of university students at the end of the fourth semester of study. The findings of the study suggest that Duolingo can be an effective tool for foreign language learning.
Does psychological distance and religiosity influence fraudulent customer behaviour?
Authors: Sharma Shavneet , Singh Gurmeet , Gaur Loveleen , Sharma Rashmini
Published: January 2022

Online businesses incur significant losses because of fraudulent customer behaviour. This study investigates the factors motivating fraudulent customer intention on eBay. A conceptual framework is developed that extends the theory of planned behaviour with religiosity factors, social detection risk, ethical judgement, and moderating factor of perceived psychological distance. A quantitative methodology is adopted that collects data from 450 respondents. Covariance‐based structural equation modelling is used to analyse the proposed hypotheses. Results reveal that intrinsic and extrinsic religiously negatively influences attitude towards fraudulent customer behaviour on eBay. Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control positively influence fraudulent customer intentions, while ethical judgement negatively impacts it. Psychological distance strengthened the relationship between attitude, perceived behavioural control, and fraudulent customer intentions on eBay. Additionally, the association between ethical judgement and fraud intention was weaker for individuals with higher perceived psychological distance. The study contributes to the literature and provides insights to online businesses and cyber security developers into factors motivating fraudulent customer behaviour and strategies that can be used to combat this growing threat.
Incidence, circulation, and spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal influenza in Shandong, China, 2008–2019: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Ti , Wang Ping , Meng Fanyu , Ding Guoyong , Wu Julong , Song Shaoxia , Sun Lin , Zhang Shengyang , Li Zhong , Xing Weijia , Wang Xianjun
Published: January 2022

Background

Understanding the influenza‐like illness (ILI) incidence, circulation pattern of virus strains and spatiotemporal pattern of influenza transmission are important for designing control interventions. Based on the 10 years' surveillance data, we aimed to provide a baseline characterization and the epidemiology and dynamics of influenza virus in Shandong.

Methods

We extracted surveillance and laboratory testing data. We estimated the ILI incidence and analyzed the predominant virus. A wavelet power analysis was used to illustrate the periodicity. In addition, we applied a linear regression model to characterize the correlation of influenza seasonality with longitude.

Results

The average ILI incidence was estimated to be 3744.79 per 1 million (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2558.09–4931.45) during 2009–2018. Influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 strains predominated in the most influenza seasons in Shandong. The annual amplitude of influenza epidemics decreased with longitude (P < 0.05). In contrast, the epidemic peak of influenza emerged earlier in the western region and increased with longitude in influenza A (P < 0.05). The annual peak of the influenza B epidemic lagged a median of 4.2 weeks compared with that of influenza A.

Conclusions

The development or modification of seasonal influenza vaccination strategies requires the recognition that the incidence is higher in preschool‐ and school‐aged children. Although seasonal influenza circulates annually in Shandong, the predominant virus strain circulation pattern is extremely unpredictable and strengthening surveillance for the predominant virus strain is necessary. Lower longitude inland regions need to take nonpharmaceutical or pharmaceutical interventions in advance during influenza high‐occurrence seasons.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and natural variation analysis demonstrate the potential for HvARE1 in improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in barley
Authors: Karunarathne Sakura D. , Han Yong , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Li Chengdao
Published: January 2022

Nitrogen is a major determinant of grain yield and quality. As excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer leads to environmental pollution and high production costs, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is fundamental for a sustainable agriculture. Here, we dissected the role of the barley abnormal cytokinin response1 repressor 1 (HvARE1) gene, a candidate for involvement in NUE previously identified in a genome‐wide association study, through natural variation analysis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9)‐mediated gene editing. HvARE1 was predominantly expressed in leaves and shoots, with very low expression in roots under low nitrogen conditions. Agrobacterium‐mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos (cv. Golden Promise) with single guide RNAs targeting HvARE1 generated 22 T0 plants, from which four T1 lines harbored missense and/or frameshift mutations based on genotyping. Mutant are1 lines exhibited an increase in plant height, tiller number, grain protein content, and yield. Moreover, we observed a 1.5‐ to 2.8‐fold increase in total chlorophyll content in the flag leaf at the grain filling stage. Delayed senescence by 10–14 d was also observed in mutant lines. Barley are1 mutants had high nitrogen content in shoots under low nitrogen conditions. These findings demonstrate the potential of ARE1 in NUE improvement in barley.
Technological Entry, Redeployability, and Firm Value
Authors: Amore Mario Daniele , Mastrogiorgio Mariano
Published: January 2022

We provide a framework that enriches our understanding of resource redeployability, i.e., the value‐generating option to withdraw resources from one use and reallocate them to another use. Existing works largely assume that the new uses of a resource are known ex ante and easily identifiable by managers. However, several cases from different industries suggest that new uses often emerge while a firm’s technology base radiates into new domains. We analyse how a firm’s technology base, by radiating into new domains that potentially reveal new uses and resource redeployment options, can spur firm value. We develop five hypotheses on the relationship between technological entry into new domains and firm value, and test them using a novel patent‐based measure in a panel of US firms.
Value of life and annuity demand
Authors: Pashchenko Svetlana , Porapakkarm Ponpoje
Published: January 2022

How does the value of life affect annuity demand? To address this question, we construct a portfolio choice problem with three key features: (i) agents have access to life‐contingent assets, (ii) they always prefer living to dying, (iii) agents have nonexpected utility preferences. We show that as utility from being alive increases, annuity demand decreases (increases) if agents are more (less) averse to risk rather than to intertemporal fluctuations. Put differently, if people prefer early resolution of uncertainty, they are less interested in annuities when the value of life is high. Our findings have two important implications. First, we get a better understanding of the well‐known annuity puzzle. Second, we argue that the observed low annuity demand provides evidence that people prefer early rather than late resolution of uncertainty.
Mitigative effects of Eleutheroside E against the mechanical barrier dysfunction induced by soybean agglutinin in IPEC‐J2 cell line
Authors: Zhao Bao , Fan Yueli , Li Huijuan , Zhang Chun , Han Rui , Che Dongsheng
Published: January 2022

Soybean agglutinin (SBA) is an anti‐nutritional factor which decreases the mechanical barrier function in intestinal porcine jejunum epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2). Eleutheroside E (EE) is a key part of Acanthopanax senticosus to exert pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of EE on the barrier function in IPEC‐J2 cells and to determine the ability of EE to enhance the protective effect of barrier function against SBA exposure. The IPEC‐J2 cells were cultured in mediums with concentration of 0.1 mg/ml EE, 0.5 ml/ml SBA and 0.1 mg/ml EE pre‐treated then treated with 0.5 mg/ml SBA. Then, the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) value, inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression, tight junction mRNA and protein expression were tested by epithelial Voltohm meter, q‐PCR and Western blot method respectively. The results showed that cells treated with 0.1 mg/ml EE had lower permeability (p < 0.05) while 0.5 mg/ml SBA treatment had higher permeability through tested TEER, and higher tight junction proteins (Claudin‐3 and ZO‐1) expressions and genes (Claudin‐3, Occludin and ZO‐1) expressions (p < 0.05) in 0.1 mg/ml EE group. IPEC‐J2 cells pre‐treated with 0.1 mg/ml EE could significantly improve the inflammatory response caused by 0.5 mg/ml SBA by up‐regulation for IL‐10, TGF‐β, and down‐regulation gene expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.1 mg/ml EE can improve the mechanical barrier function and could protect the effects while 0.5 mg/ml of SBA‐induced barrier dysfunction in IPEC‐J2.
Use of cytology for canine mammary masses and perceived diagnostic utility in four European countries
Authors: White M. , Rasotto R. , Monti P.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To investigate the use of cytology of canine mammary masses and its perceived diagnostic utility in four European countries.

Materials and Methods

The link to a web‐based questionnaire was sent to veterinarians of Italy, UK, Greece and Spain. The questionnaire contained basic questions regarding the respondents’ background, their general use of cytology as a diagnostic tool, the incidence of canine mammary tumours within their clinics and their use of cytology for canine mammary masses. Multiple binary and ordinal logistics models were used to evaluate associations between variables.

Results

Four hundred and sixty‐five veterinarians completed the survey (Italy: 114; UK: 66; Greece: 55; Spain: 230). Most veterinarians working in each country used cytology as a diagnostic tool, although only 43.0%, 54.6%, 43.6% and 36.5% used cytology for the investigation of CMMs in Italy, UK, Greece and Spain respectively. Supposing the cytology were able to correctly differentiate benign versus malignant canine mammary masses, the percentage of veterinarians using this test would increase in Italy, UK and Greece (Italy: 91.2%; UK: 93.9%; Greece: 96.4%); however, this was not reflected by veterinarians working in Spain (51.7%).

Clinical Significance

If cytology of canine mammary masses were able to differentiate between benign and malignant, most veterinarians in Italy, UK and Greece would utilise the technique, justifying further research into the diagnostic accuracy of this test. Spanish veterinarians were significantly different and further research into why these individuals would not value the ability of cytology to differentiate between benign and malignant may be of value.
Characterization of a novel arsenite long‐distance transporter from arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata
Authors: Yan Huili , Xu Wenxiu , Zhang Tian , Feng Lu , Liu Ruoxi , Wang Luyao , Wu Lulu , Zhang Han , Zhang Xiaohan , Li Ting , Peng Zhimei , Jin Chen , Yu Yijun , Ping Junai , Ma Mi , He Zhenyan
Published: January 2022

Pteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator that can accumulate several thousand mg As kg−1 DW in aboveground biomass. A key factor for its hyperaccumulation ability is its highly efficient As long‐distance translocation system. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown.

We isolated PvAsE1 through the full‐length cDNA over‐expression library of P. vittata and characterized it through a yeast system, RNAi gametophytes and sporophytes, subcellular‐location and in situ hybridization. Phylogenomic analysis was conducted to estimate the appearance time of PvAsE1.

PvAsE1 was a plasma membrane‐oriented arsenite (AsIII) effluxer. The silencing of PvAsE1 reduced AsIII long‐distance translocation in P. vittata sporophytes. PvAsE1 was structurally similar to solute carrier (SLC)13 proteins. Its transcripts could be observed in parenchyma cells surrounding the xylem of roots. The appearance time was estimated at c. 52.7 Ma.

PvAsE1 was a previously uncharacterized SLC13‐like AsIII effluxer, which may contribute to AsIII long‐distance translocation via xylem loading. PvAsE1 appeared late in fern evolution and might be an adaptive subject to the selection pressure at the Cretaceaou–Paleogene boundary. The identification of PvAsE1 provides clues for revealing the special As hyperaccumulation characteristics of P. vittata.
Effect of Class II elastics on different mandibular arch preparation stabilized with aligners and stainless‐steel wires: A FEM study
Authors: Amm Elie , El Amm Christian , Vaden Jim
Published: January 2022

Finite element models that simulate the effects of class II elastics on the mandibular arch in six different scenarios, using various immobilization methods of the posterior dentition, were studied. Per‐element distribution of linear elastic stress‐strain and total displacement was computed. Maximum strain on the PDL and maximum stress on alveolar bone increased with posterior tip‐back and with the use of archwires vs. aligners. The configuration of the dentition affects the performance of aligners. They perform best on an unlevelled mandibular arch. Applying class II elastics results in vertical side effects that can be modulated by various mandibular stabilization methods. This is likely to be clinically relevant for high‐angle patients and may explain the differing effects on the facial profile observed using various treatment modalities. 1—Increasing mandibular molar tip‐back generally resulted in less eruption tendencies, with mandibular anchorage preparation resulting in the least amount of calculated vertical displacement. 2—Unexpectedly, with class II forces the use of aligner technology on an unlevelled curve of Spee resulted in improved vertical control when compared to aligner use on a levelled dentition. 3—Generally, using an archwire results in better transmission of stresses to adjacent teeth than the use of aligners. 4—Simulating interarch elastics requires implementing a medial component/orientation of the forces to better emulate clinical situations. 5—A hypothetical configuration: 15o tip‐back of the mandibular second molar and aligner stabilization displayed the least amount of vertical movement and the most forward horizontal movement of the 2nd molar.
Sex differences in the likelihood of pre‐emptive living donor kidney transplantation, and outcomes after kidney transplantation in children and adolescents
Authors: Lalji Rowena , Francis Anna , Blazek Katrina , Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Wong Germaine , Johnson David W.
Published: January 2022

Background

Data on sex‐based disparities in children with kidney failure and outcomes after kidney transplantation are relatively sparse. This study examined the association between sex differences and the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive living donor kidney transplantation, and post‐transplant outcomes in children and adolescents.

Methods

We studied all patients (aged <20 years) who commenced kidney replacement therapy (KRT) between 2002 and 2017 using data from the ANZDATA Registry. Factors associated with graft loss and acute rejection after transplantation were assessed using multivariable Cox regression model. Differences in the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive live donor transplant between sexes were assessed using adjusted logistic regression.

Results

Of the 757 children transplanted during the study period, 497 (65.7%) received a live donor kidney (163, 21.5% pre‐emptive). In total, 168 (22.2%) patients experienced graft loss and 213 (28.1%) patients experienced a first episode of acute rejection during the median follow‐up period of 6.9 years (IQR 3.5–11.5 years). There were no differences in the rates of graft loss or acute rejection by sex. Compared with boys, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) (95% confidence interval) for graft loss and acute rejection in girls were 0.97 (0.71–1.33) and 1.09 (0.82–1.44), respectively. Among children who received living donor kidney transplants, there were no sex differences in the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive transplant (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.56–1.45)).

Conclusions

No sex differences were observed in the odds of receiving a pre‐emptive living donor kidney transplant or outcomes after kidney transplantation.
Exploring associations between multidimensional frailty and oral health in community‐dwelling older people. A pilot study
Authors: van der Heijden Erik M. , Klüter Wim J. , van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar D. , Gobbens Robbert J.J.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To determine the associations between four validated multidimensional self‐report frailty scales and nine indices of oral health in community‐dwelling older persons.

Materials and Methods

This pilot study was conducted in a sample of 208 older persons aged 70 years and older who visited two dental practices in the Netherlands. Frailty status was measured by four different self‐report frailty questionnaires: Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), Sunfrail Checklist (SC), and the Sherbrooke Postal Questionnaire (SPQ). Oral health was assessed by two calibrated examiners.

Results

The prevalence of frailty according to the four frailty measures TFI, GFI, SC, and SPQ was 32.8%, 31.5%, 24.5%, and 49.7%, respectively. The SC correlated with four oral health variables (DMFT, number of teeth, percentage of occlusal contacts, Plaque Index), the TFI with three (number of teeth, percentage of occlusal contacts, Plaque Index), the GFI only with DPSI, and the SPQ with the number of teeth and the number of occlusal contacts.

Conclusion

Of the studied multidimensional frailty scales, the SC and TFI were correlated with most oral health variables (four and three, respectively). However, it should be noticed that these correlations were small.

Clinical relevance

The SC and TFI might help to identify older people with risk of poor oral health so that preventive care can be used to ensure deterioration of oral health and maintenance of quality of life. Vice versa early detection of frailty by oral care professionals could contribute to interprofessional management of frailty.
Caregiving of children with Down syndrome: impact on quality of life, stress, mental and oral health
Authors: Dias Caroline , Schwertner Carolina , Grando Débora , Bidinotto Augusto Bacelo , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Schuch Jaqueline Bohrer , de Azeredo Lucas Araújo , Bauer Moisés Evandro , Hashizume Lina Naomi
Published: January 2022

Aim

Parental caregivers of children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a greater burden of daily activities that may affect their health. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the impact of caregiving of children with Down syndrome on parenting quality of life, stress, mental and oral health.

Methods

Fifty‐four parental caregivers of children with DS and 51 parents of children without physical or mental disabilities participated of this study. All participants were clinically examined to evaluate the presence of dental caries, gingival conditions and answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, quality of life and coping strategies were assessed using specific instruments. Hair cortisol level was assessed as biological marker of chronic stress.

Results

Psychological and quality of life parameters were similar between the groups of caregivers (p > .05). Caregivers of children with DS were older (48.6 vs. 41.5, p < .001), had longer caregiving period (> 10 vs < 10 years, p = .003), presented higher gingival bleeding index (6.1 vs. 4.7, p = .014) and higher cortisol levels (55.9 vs. 38.4, p = .07) as compared with parents of children without disabilities. Sociodemographic data has no influence on cortisol levels (p > .05).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the caregiving of children with DS has an impact on parenting oral health and stress.
Urban bias and multinational firms
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Liu Xinyi
Published: January 2022

This paper explores how urban bias in the host country affects the movement of multinational capital owned by multinational firms in the source country and the production in the invested sector. If the degree of urban bias in one of the urban sectors in the host country increases, then the amount of multinational capital flowing into the host country will increase, but the production in the invested sector will have different changes in different situations.