bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaginarios urbanos e identidad en dos barrios de Santiago de Chile: propuesta de diseño instruccional en la valoración patrimonial para estudiantes de arquitectura
Authors: Salazar Alvarez Sergio Arnoldo
Published: July 2022

La noción de patrimonio está en constante revisión, exigida por nuevos significados en la ciudad y sus habitantes. La investigación estudió dos barrios en Santiago de Chile, sus valores patrimoniales e imaginarios urbanos. Se propuso la hipótesis de que éstos expresan la tensión entre lo tangible y la percepción de la ciudad a diferentes escalas, y serían claves para articular proyectos arquitectónicos que resuelvan problemas de sus comunidades. Algunas preguntan detonantes fueron: ¿Cuál es la relación entre lo real (tangible) y lo imaginado (percepción)? ¿Cuál es el rol del diseño urbano para la construcción de comunidades y lugares? Se proponen una serie de operaciones de lectura, que describen las zonas móviles y estáticas donde reposan las conjeturas e imágenes sobre dos barrios a trabajar con estudiantes: Músicos del Mundo - Población Chile, en San Joaquín, y San Eugenio en la comuna de Estación Central - Santiago. La ponencia expone el proceso y resultado de este proyecto de investigación de la carrera de Arquitectura de Universidad UNIACC ejecutado durante los años 2020 y 2021.

The notion of heritage is in constant revision, demanded by new meanings in the city and its inhabitants. The research studied two neighborhoods in Santiago de Chile, their heritage values, and urban imaginations. The hypothesis was proposed that these express the tension between the tangible and the perception of the city at different scales and would be key to articulating architectural projects that solve problems in their communities. Some triggering questions were: What is the relationship between the real (tangible) and the imagined (perception)? What is the role of urban design for the construction of communities and places? A series of reading operations are proposed, which describe the mobile and static areas where conjectures and images rest on two neighborhoods to work with students: World Musicians - Chile Population, in San Joaquín, and San Eugenio in the Central Station district - Santiago. The presentation exposes the process and result of this research project of the UNIACC University Architecture career carried out during the years 2020 and 2021.
Paraísos Urbanos: diretrizes para a ativação de sistemas de águas ocultos.
Authors: Ferreira Bianca Oliveira , Câmara Andrea Dornelas
Published: July 2022

The present study intends to establish guidelines for the activation of urban streams in the North Zone of the City of Recife, through the implementation of continuous productive urban landscapes (CPUL) (BOHN, VILJOEN, 2009) along the portion of the Capibaribe River’s natural course contained in the area of analysis. This research is based on the development of more sustainable cities, and aims to help reduce the impact caused by both the current agricultural model of food production, and by the lack of integrated planning for the unbridled urban expansion. This project speculation is linked to the concepts of biophilia (FARR, 2013) and the integrated open space system (OLMSTED apud MCMAHON, 2000)

Este estudo pretende estabelecer diretrizes para a ativação de riachos urbanos na Zona Norte da Cidade de Recife, através da implementação de paisagens urbanas produtivas contínuas (P.U.P.C.) (BOHN, VILJOEN, 2009) ao longo da parcela do curso natural do Rio Capibaribe contida na área de análise. A pesquisa está pautada no desenvolvimento de cidades mais sustentáveis, visando diminuir o impacto causado tanto pelo atual modelo agropecuário de produção de alimentos, quanto pela falta de planejamento da expansão urbana desenfreada. Esta especulação projetual está atrelada aos conceitos de biofilia (FARR, 2013) e de sistema integrado de espaço aberto (OLMSTED apud MCMAHON, 2000).
Aglomeración urbana de Florianópolis
Authors: Almeida Igor Tadeu Lombardi de , Reis Almir Francisco
Published: July 2022

En Florianópolis, capital del estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, las políticas de priorización de los autos y la dispersión urbana ocasionada, han generado nuevas zonas de centralidad. En un estudio anterior, a través de la Teoría de Sintaxis Espacial, hemos identificado las centralidades de la aglomeración urbana. Las tres principales centralidades planteadas – Centralidad Insular, Centralidad Continental y Centralidad Palhoça – tienen influencia a nivel global, o sea, actúan sobre las dinámicas de toda la aglomeración urbana. Así, en ese trabajo se realizó una avaluación de cuatro atributos relacionados a la calidad espacial en las principales centralidades: ambientación urbana, verticalización, relevancia histórica y relevancia del paisaje. La centralidad que más contempló cualidades satisfactorias con respecto a los aspectos evaluados fue la Centralidad Insular. Las demás centralidades no contemplaron atributos igualmente satisfactorios, lo que indica baja calidad espacial y el no reconocimiento, hasta el momento, del potencial urbano existente en esas localidades.

In Florianópolis, capital of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, the policies of prioritizing the autos and the consequent urban sprawling, have generated new areas of centrality. In a previous study, through the Space Syntax Theory, we have identified the potential centralities of the urban agglomeration. The three main centralities surveyed – Island Centrality, Continental Centrality and Palhoça Centrality – present global level influence, that is, acts on the dynamics of all urban agglomeration. Thus, in this paper, an analysis of four urban attributes related to spatial quality in the main centralities: urban ambience, verticalization, historical relevance and relevance of the landscape. The centrality that most contemplated satisfactory qualities with respect to the features evaluated was the Island Centrality. The other centralities didn’t contemplate equally satisfying attributes, which indicates the low spatial quality and the not recognition, up to the moment, of the urban potential existing in these localities.
Fronteras agrícolas, mercado y conflicto: persistencia de la violencia en la Cuenca del Guaviare
Authors: González Giraldo Luis Fernando
Published: July 2022

Desde el análisis crítico de los factores y actores de la violencia y los antecedentes geográficos, históricos, sociales y económicos de la ocupación del territorio, se pretende abordar la cuestión del porqué persiste el conflicto en la cuenca del río Guaviare, confluencia de los departamentos del Meta, Guaviare y Vichada, una de las regiones más caracterizadas por ese fenómeno en Colombia, expresado en la sustitución de los actores violentos, el incremento de los cultivos ilícitos, la minería ilegal y la afectación ambiental. Esto, cuatro años después de suscribirse el acuerdo de paz del 2016 y pese a que este estableció para1 algunas de estas zonas, especialmente afectadas por la violencia, figuras específicas de atención (Zonas más afectadas por el conflicto (ZOMAC) y programas de Desarrollo con enfoque territorial (PDET) con participación comunitaria, presencia institucional e inversión, para solventar las causas del conflicto que allí había tenido mayor impacto y facilitar un desarrollo social integral. Finalmente, reconociendo la incidencia total del modelo y los actores económicos legales e ilegales , la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y la interrelación con los corredores estratégicos en las dinámicas regionales, se plantea un tratamiento diferente al conflicto, enfocando la atención al control de esos factores; tanto o más que a los actores armados.

From the critical analysis of the factors and actors of the violence and the geographical, historical, social and economic antecedents of the occupation of the territory, it is intended to address the question of why the conflict persists in the Guaviare river watershed, confluence of the departments del Meta, Guaviare and Vichada, one of the regions most characterized by this phenomenon in Colombia, expressed in the substitution of violent actors, the increase in illicit crops, illegal mining and environmental damage. This, four years after signing the 2016 peace agreement and despite the fact that it established for some of these areas, especially affected by violence, specific figures of attention (Zones most affected by the conflict (ZOMAC), Development programs with territorial approach (PDET) with community participation, institutional presence and investment, to solve the causes of the conflict that had had the greatest impact there and facilitate comprehensive social development. Finally, recognizing the total incidence of the model and the legal and illegal economic actors, the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the interrelation with strategic corridors in regional dynamics, a different treatment of the conflict is proposed, focusing attention on controlling these factors; as much or more than the armed actors.
Proyectar urbes resilientes en la ciudad informal latinoamericana: el Parque La Bombonera (Bogotá, Colombia) y el mejoramiento integral del espacio público
Authors: Sanmiguel Márquez José Humberto , Sandoval Castro Danny
Published: July 2022

Las ciudades latinoamericanas se han desarrollado y densificado principalmente en zonas periféricas, algunas no aptas para ser urbanizadas, representando un riesgo para la integridad de sus moradores y creando un desequilibrio general en el territorio. La representación más clara de esta urbanización se da en los barrios autoconstruidos altamente densificados, sin infraestructura básica y carentes de espacio público de calidad, lo cual va en contravía del Derecho a la Ciudad de las comunidades vulnerables y vulneradas. El Parque La Bombonera, en el barrio Potosí, se ubica en una de las localidades más pobres y densas de Bogotá: Ciudad Bolívar. Allí se adelantan procesos de intervención urbana con la comunidad, mediante el Programa de Mejoramiento Integral de Barrios (MIB) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. No obstante, la experiencia de intervención en el territorio durante la pandemia ha generado retos e inquietudes sobre los métodos y estrategias para abordar el diseño participativo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente documento consiste en sistematizar e interpretar los procesos y avances que ha tenido este programa durante la pandemia de la Covid- 19, destacando la importancia del diseño participativo con la comunidad como columna vertebral de la intervención urbana en barrios autoconstruidos.

Latin American cities have been developed and densified mainly in peripheral areas, some not suitable for urbanization, representing a risk to the integrity of their inhabitants and creating a general imbalance in the territory. The clearest representation of this urbanization occurs in highly densified self-built neighborhoods, without basic infrastructure and lacking quality public space, which goes against the Right to the City of vulnerable and vulnerated communities. La Bombonera Park, in the Potosí neighborhood, is in one of the poorest and densest counties in Bogotá: Ciudad Bolívar. Currently there, urban intervention processes are being carried out with the community, through the Comprehensive Neighborhood Improvement Program (CNIP) of the National University of Colombia. However, the experience of intervention in the territory during the pandemic has generated challenges and concerns about the methods and strategies to address participatory design. Therefore, the objective of this document is to systematize and interpret the processes and advances that the CNIP has had in La Bombonera Park during the Covid-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of participatory design with the community as the backbone of urban intervention in self-built neighborhoods.
Território, paisagem e identidade cultural: o centro histórico de Rio Claro/SP – Brasil
Authors: Campoy Camila Cristina Piccoli , Schicchi Maria Cristina da Silva
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho se propôs a estudar a preservação do patrimônio cultural do município de Rio Claro/SP. Busca-se compreender a relação da população com o patrimônio cultural e seu grau de sentimento de pertencimento e de identidade com o centro histórico da cidade, objeto de tombamento pelo Condephaat (órgão estadual de preservação) e área privilegiada em termos de investimentos. Contudo, esse tombamento priorizou os aspectos construtivos, a relevância histórica, arquitetônica e o potencial turístico do centro, sem o necessário entrelaçamento a outros valores, como os afetivos e os imateriais, decorrentes das práticas sociais como, por exemplo, os relacionados aos remanescentes ferroviários, também presentes no centro. Esse artigo discute as distintas ações de preservação sobre os bens reconhecidos oficialmente e outras referências culturais presentes no centro. Como resultado, espera-se contribuir com uma revisão crítica dos critérios de valorização e reconhecimento do patrimônio cultural de forma a fundamentar futuras políticas municipais.

This work aims to study the preservation of cultural heritage in the city of Rio Claro/SP. It seeks to understand the population's relationship with cultural heritage and their degree of feeling of belonging and identity with the city's historic center, which has been listed by the Condephaat (state preservation agency) and privileged area in terms of investments. However, this listing prioritized construction aspects, historical and architectural relevance and the tourist potential of the center, without the necessary intertwining with other values, such as affective and immaterials, resulting from social practices such as, for example, those related to railway ́s remnants, also present in the center. This article discusses the different preservation actions on officially recognized property and other cultural references present in the center. As a result, it is expected to contribute to a critical review of the criteria for valuing and recognizing cultural heritage in order to support future municipal policies.
O andar térreo na cidade contemporânea: os casos do Brascan Century Plaza e o Edifício Pátio Victor Malzoni
Authors: Narciso Isabella Gadotti , Abascal Eunice Helena Sguizzardi
Published: July 2022

Este artigo consiste na breve exposição de resultados obtidos em uma pesquisa realizada sobre a apropriação de térreos de edifícios corporativos na cidade de São Paulo, com o foco nos casos do Brascan Century Plaza e do Edifício Pátio Victor Malzoni. Partindo em torno da importância do andar térreo de uma edificação, afirma-se a qualidade do projeto do pavimento térreo, somada à uma proposta de desenho urbano com elementos capazes de incentivar as apropriações e a fruição, são fatores decisivos para estabelecer o caráter público de um espaço, principalmente em áreas adensadas de grandes cidades. A questão norteadora é mostrar como as arquiteturas dos andares térreos desses projetos podem vir a ser exemplos pertinentes de espaços para a melhoria da experiência urbana.

This article consists of a brief presentation of the results obtained in a research carried out on the appropriation of ground floors architectures areas in corporate buildings in the city of São Paulo, with a focus on the cases of Brascan Century Plaza and Pátio Victor Malzoni Building. Based on the importance of the ground floor of a building, the quality of the design of the ground floor added to a proposal for urban design with elements capable of encouraging appropriations and fruition are decisive factors to establish the public character of a space, mainly in dense areas of great cities. The guiding question is, in turn, to show how the architectures on the ground floors of these projects can become relevant examples of spaces for improving the urban experience.
Atendimento Educacional Especializado para estudantes com deficiência intelectual na Educação de Jovens e Adultos: vozes da pesquisa científica na área (2008-2020)
Authors: Bueno Olga Mara , Oliveira Rita de Cássia da Silva de
Published: July 2022

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica desenvolvida a partir de mapeamento realizado no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–CAPES, no período compreendido entre os anos de 2008 até 2020 sobre atendimento educacional especializado, para alunos com deficiência intelectual, nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio da Educação para Jovens e Adultos. Objetivou-se analisar as diferentes vozes da produção científica na área nesse período. A partir do emprego dos descritores: Educação de Jovens e Adultos, Deficiência Intelectual e Atendimento Educacional Especializado e, tendo como grande área do conhecimento Ciências Humanas e área do conhecimento Educação Especial e Educação de Jovens e Adultos, foram selecionadas 17 produções, sendo 10 dissertações e sete teses. Os dados foram organizados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo. A investigação constatou que a pesquisa que contempla a constituição e disponibilidade do atendimento educacional especializado para jovens adultos ou idosos com deficiência intelectual, nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental ou Ensino Médio da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, ainda é incipiente. Esse atendimento é pouco materializado e estruturado de forma generalizante. Concluiu-se que o mapeamento dos estudos nessa área pode encorajar o delineamento de novas pesquisas sobre as especificidades e estruturação do atendimento a esse público.
Práticas educacionais realizadas no Pavilhão Escola Bourneville: um estudo por meio da Sociologia das Ausências em relação ao autismo
Authors: Monticelli Fernanda Ferreyro
Published: July 2022

O presente estudo visa entender quais foram as práticas educacionais e pedagógicas em relação ao autismo, no período do higienismo no Brasil, um tempo em que a nosologia não empregava este termo. Como o conceito de autismo não era utilizado, o estudo elege por referência peculiaridades de algumas crianças e jovens com autismo, tais como a inquietação, a incomunicabilidade e a deficiência intelectual. Este texto adota como lócus de estudo o Pavilhão Escola Bourneville para crianças anormais, situado no Hospício Nacional de Alienados do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo central é analisar como, historicamente, foram se constituindo as práticas educativas e pedagógicas de exclusão escolar em relação às crianças e jovens, no início do século XX, no Brasil. A organização e análise das informações foi feita à luz do aporte teórico em Boaventura de Sousa Santos e na abordagem histórico-cultural. A revisão de literatura foi utilizada e o trabalho de tradução serviu como análise da metodologia da pesquisa. Como categoria de análise, o estudo se deteve nas práticas do que foi feito enquanto tratamento, bem como na orientação de práticas aos docentes no Pavilhão Escola Bourneville. Neste estudo foi possível averiguar como tratamento e educação, a tradução dos procedimentos utilizados na Europa, como forma de razão metonímica e a pouca referência aos processos psíquicos superiores.
Indicadores qualitativos na escolarização de estudantes com transtorno do espectro autista no contexto da educação inclusiva
Authors: Dias Chiara Maria Seidel Luciano , Hardoim Edna Lopes , Cecconello Moiseis dos Santos , Arruda Rafael Soares de
Published: July 2022

O presente relato sintetiza o resultado de uma pesquisa de doutoramento que se dedicou a investigar e apresentar indicadores qualitativos para o processo de escolarização de estudantes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no contexto da Educação Inclusiva. Foi estabelecido um conjunto de indicadores qualitativos estruturados em seis dimensões: Estratégias Pedagógicas e de Aprendizagem; Gestão Escolar; Família; Ambiente; Parcerias Intersetoriais Articuladas; e, Estruturas de Organização Inclusiva e as Políticas Públicas. Estas dimensões foram estruturadas a partir de referências como Booth e Ainscow (2000), Humphrey e Lewis (2008), Echeita Sarrionandía e Ainscow (2011), UNESCO-OEI (2018) e Silva e Garcez (2019) e foram denominadas como “dimensões da escolarização de estudantes com TEA no contexto da Educação Inclusiva”. A pesquisa original constituiu-se em um estudo teórico-metodológico, com aportes quantitativos e qualitativos e com a participação de 61 colaboradores divididos em cinco grupos: professores, gestores, familiares, profissionais do atendimento multidisciplinar e pessoas com transtorno do espectro autista. A perspectiva quantitativa se deu no primeiro passo da pesquisa para a caracterização geral do perfil destes colaboradores. Partindo desta análise, foi enviado um formulário aos colaboradores com mais experiência e vivência em relação ao processo de escolarização, para que avaliassem os indicadores, tendo em vista a sua pertinência em cada uma das dimensões propostas. Ao final, apresenta-se um Índice para as Dimensões como um instrumento metodológico e de avaliação destes indicadores que podem ser utilizados nas escolas regulares para o fortalecimento de práticas e políticas inclusivas.
Ambientes físicos inclusivos a crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Castro Mariana Ribeiro de , Ferreira Karla Patrícia Martins
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo objetiva investigar quais características físicas podem auxiliar na concepção de ambientes inclusivos a crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, de maneira a auxiliar na diminuição de crises comportamentais e no desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e competências. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, objetivando sistematizar estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2021 que abordam sugestões espaciais para a concepção de ambientes inclusivos a crianças com TEA. A busca foi realizada no Portal de Periódicos CAPES. Foram encontrados 540 artigos. Aplicados os critérios de exclusão, foram analisados 42 artigos na íntegra. Por fim, 22 artigos foram incluídos no escopo da revisão. Os resultados dos estudos foram categorizados em cinco temáticas: legibilidade espacial; organização em compartimentos; zoneamento sensorial; diversidade de configurações espaciais; e segurança. A análise de dados evidenciou o protagonismo do controle sensorial do ambiente para sua adequação às necessidades de crianças dentro do espectro. Identificou-se a demanda por novos estudos empíricos com foco na intervenção física e sensorial e na e avaliação de espaços inclusivos ao autismo, abrangendo maior amostra populacional em seu corpo de análise.
UMA PROPOSTA DE PLANEJAMENTO DE ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA EM TORNO DE GÊNEROS TEXTUAIS
Authors: Cristovão Vera Lúcia Lopes , Beato-Canato Ana Paula Marques , Ferrarini Marlene Aparecida , Petreche Célia Regina Capellini , Anjos-Santos Lucas Moreira dos
Published: July 2022

Como  professores  de  língua  inglesa  de  diferentes  espaços  de  ensino  e pesquisadores da linha Interacionista Sociodiscursiva, nos propusemos a produzir uma coleção didática para o Ensino Fundamental II. assim, para cada ano escolar, elaboramos sete sequências didáticas usando gêneros textuais variados, visando possibilitar que o aluno, por meio do estudo de textos autênticos e do desenvolvimento de atividades práticas, amplie suas possibilidades de participação social, tanto pelo aprendizado da língua inglesa quanto pelas reflexões proporcionadas durante os trabalhos. Nesse artigo, retomaremos os pressupostos teóricos subjacentes a nossa proposta pedagógica para explicitar com mais clareza os caminhos trilhados e apresentar nossa proposta de planejamento de ensino.
A Bridge too Far?
Authors: Faszcza Michał Norbert
Published: July 2022

The aim of my article is to present validity of psychological approaches for studies on Roman Republican military. Application of military psychology to ancient warfare seems simply impossible without embedding psychological data in cultural context, that emphasize soldiers’ needs and motivations. The Roman collectivist way of perceiving social relations in addition to methods of gaining political support resulted in the awareness that effective command depends not only on training and proper organization, but also on strengthening soldiers’ morale through emotional interaction. The first Polish historian who drew attention to such a way of building internal unit cohesion in the Roman Republican army was Adam Ziółkowski.
Apollo e le muse in un interno in Nea Paphos
Authors: Jastrzȩbowska Elżbieta
Published: July 2022

The article presents some archaeological observations informed by recent publica- tions on the ‘House of Aion’ at Nea Paphos. Its archaeological context (coins and pot- tery) dates the construction of this building to the second decade of the 4th century, its partial destruction and final annihilation by a series of earthquakes, to AD 332/342 and 365 respectively. The much-discussed mythological decorative mosaic in the larg- est hall of the House of Aion (triclinium) and the newly analyzed wall paintings in room 7 with figures of Apollo and muses are typical decorative elements of Roman elite houses and residences of Late Antiquity. And yet, the layout of the House and the presence of two rooms with a wooden floor laid over an earlier water cistern to convert it into a cellar, possibly a treasure vault, suggest that the function of the complex was not residential at all. Indeed, the close proximity of the ‘House of Aion’ to the ‘Villa of Theseus’, rebuilt during the same period and converted into the prae- torium of the governor, suggests that the House could have been a seat of a Roman association, perhaps the seat of the synodos of Dionisiac artists of the theatre.
Cassius Dio (53 .27 .2–3), the Pantheon and the ‘Former Caesar’(ὁ πρότερός Καῖσαρ)
Authors: Olszewski Lechosław
Published: July 2022

Agrippa’s Pantheon remains the subject of lively debates. A much-discussed passage is found in Cassius Dio’s Roman History (53.27.2-3), which is most often treated as a stand-alone, self-explanatory whole. However, in order to be comprehensible, each text needs a broader range of reference points in order for meaning to be extracted. In this paper, I analyze part of that contextual spectrum (including Dio’s attitude to the so-called imperial cult and the roles played in his narrative by the cults of both Augustus and Caesar), and I argue that we should view his account of the Pantheon with considerable caution. That account contains three different narrative threads: one based on the annalist tradition, but also one which drew on the author’s own experiences, and one that constituted a literary and rhetorical overlay aimed at real- izing the general objectives of the Roman History. In this account, the ‘former Caesar’ has been placed in between twice over: between the author’s historical knowledge and his present circumstances, and between the realms of gods and humans. That imprecise nature of this expression was no accident. I believe the expression was not so much a reference to a specific statue as a figure of speech emphasizing the differ- ence, fundamental from Dio’s perspective, between the incumbent emperor and his deceased predecessor.
O Tite!
Authors: Szymański Mikołaj
Published: July 2022

As we see from Ennius, the praenomen alone can be used by a Greek addressing a Roman; as we see from Lucilius, it can be also employed by a Roman greeting a philhellene in jest. At the beginning of Cato Maior, Cicero quotes the passage of Ennius, but those words when addressed by him to Atticus acquire a similar function as those mentioned by Lucilius.
The Bow of Odysseus, Heracles’ Crime, and the Gigantomachy in the Odyssey
Authors: Wȩcowski Marek
Published: July 2022

This paper focuses on a mysterious reference in the depiction of the provenance of the fateful bow of Odysseus in Od. 21.26, which is usually translated as ‘[the man called] Herakles, guilty of monstruous actions’ or else as ‘... Heracles aware of great deeds’. Instead of traditionally linking this allusion to Heracles’ killing of Iphitos or the story of Heracles’ involvement in the theft of the mares of Iphitos’ father by Autolykos, Odysseus’ grandfather, it is argued that the reference here is to the participation of Heracles in the cosmic battle of the Olympian gods against the Gigantes. Accordingly, the line should be translated as follows: ‘Heracles, witness to great deeds’. As such, Od. 21.26 would provide us with the earliest attested mention of the Gigantomachy in Greek literature. If so, alongside other passages in the Odys- sey such as 12.69–70 (mentioning ‘Argo, who is in all men’s minds’), this reference might have been triggered by the poet’s eagerness to include an allusion to a freshly pre-Homeric poem widely circulating among his envisaged audience.
Preface
Authors: Editors
Published: July 2022

Preface
Decoding fact fluency and strategy flexibility in solving one-step algebra problems: An individual differences analysis
Authors: Bye Jeffrey K. , Harsch Rina M. , Varma Sashank
Published: July 2022

Algebraic thinking and strategy flexibility are essential to advanced mathematical thinking. Early algebra instruction uses ‘missing-operand’ problems (e.g., x – 7 = 2) solvable via two typical strategies: 1) direct retrieval of arithmetic facts (e.g., 9 – 7 = 2) and 2) performance of the inverse operation (e.g., 2 + 7 = 9). The current study investigated the strategies people choose when solving these problems, and whether some people are more flexible in their choices than others. U.S. undergraduates (n = 59) solved missing-operand problems and made speeded verifications of arithmetic sentences corresponding to the direct- and inverse-matched facts. To ‘decode’ their strategy as direct or inverse, each participant’s response times (RTs) for missing-operand problems were regressed on their RTs for the corresponding direct and inverse facts. Our findings replicated the problem size effect for the arithmetic verification task and extended this effect to missing-operand (i.e., one-step) algebra problems, suggesting that the two tasks draw on common representations and processes in the addition (but not subtraction) context. We found individual differences in strategy choice and flexibility such that participants varied both in terms of fluency for retrieving the direct fact and sensitivity to the potential benefit of switching to the inverse fact, which was validated by self-report. We did not find a predicted relation between strategy flexibility and standardized mathematical achievement. These findings inform our understanding of the cognitive processes involved in strategy flexibility in algebra and establish an RT-decoding paradigm for future examination of individual differences in students’ learning of early algebra concepts.
On the use of body mass measures in severity assessment in laboratory
passerine birds
Authors: Andrews CP
Published: July 2022

Criteria for assessing the severity of scientific procedures in
laboratory rodents include the loss of body mass. However, guidance is
limited for passerine birds and application of criteria developed for
mammals risks poor welfare decisions. Here, I ask whether, and how, body
mass criteria could be incorporated into laboratory welfare assessment of
passerines. Passerine birds strategically adjust their body mass to minimise
combined mortality risk from starvation and predation. A systematic
literature review found that strategic mass changes can be sizeable
(sometimes > 10%) even over short timescales. Many aspects of a bird's
current or past environment, including husbandry and experimental
procedures, may alter perceived starvation or predation risks and thus drive
strategic mass change via evolved mechanisms. Therefore, body mass criteria
used for rodents may be too stringent for passerines, potentially leading to
over-estimated severity. Strategic mass changes might obscure those stemming
from experimental interventions yet could also offer insights into whether
birds perceive an intervention or altered husbandry as a threat. Mass
criteria for severity assessment should be species- and context-specific in
order to balance needs for refinement and reduction. To guide the
development of appropriate criteria, a future research priority is for
greater data collection and sharing based on standardised routine monitoring
of mass variation under a representative range of husbandry conditions and
procedures.
Physiological and behavioural assessments of stress levels in owls housed
at owl cafes
Authors: Urita C , Kusuda S , Rooney N
Published: July 2022

Owl cafes, where customers view and interact with owls, have become
popular in Japan. There are multiple aspects of the environment which may be
stressful to nocturnal owls, including lighting, tethering and frequent
interactions with humans but, to date, welfare has not been investigated.
This preliminary study examines the effects of owl cafes and customers on
the physiological stress (faecal corticosterone levels [FCL]) and behaviour
of the owls. Seven eagle owls (Bubo bubo) and two
African scops owls (Ptilopsis leucotis), in two
cafes, were studied over an eight-day period. Cafe A (n = 5) was closed for
one day per week, whilst cafe B (n = 4) was open every day. In cafe A there
was higher FCL in owls during open days than closed days suggesting that the
conditions on open days increase stress in owls. Eight of nine owls showed
evidence of some aversion or avoidance of humans, whilst no affiliative
behaviours were observed. The number of visitor interactions was not
associated with the level of physiological stress; and when comparing owls,
there was a tendency for individual owls with a higher percentage of
aversive responses to customers to also have higher FCL. Close human
interactions of a negative nature, that result in aversion, may be a
significant stressor, but further research is required.
The effect of providing a greater freedom of movement through periodic
exercise on the welfare and stress physiology of stall-housed gestating sows
and on piglet behaviour
Authors: Tokareva M , Brown JA , MacPhee DJ , Janz DM , Seddon YM
Published: July 2022

In Canada, the 2014 Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Pigs
proposed the continued operation of existing stall barns after 2024 on
condition that bred sows be given access to
periodic exercise. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of periodic
exercise on sow welfare. Sows (n = 180) were
assigned to one of three treatments: stall-housed (Control: C); stall-housed
and exercised weekly for 10 min (Exercise: E); and group-housed (Group: G).
Sow postures and stereotypies were recorded once per week in early, mid and
late gestation before (AM) and after (PM) exercise. Female piglets (n = 168
from C, E and G sows) underwent isolation and novel object tests at 19-22
days of age. Postures differed by treatment in AM with G
sows lying more and sitting less than C and E
sows, which did not differ. In PM, E sows sat
more than G sows, with C sows being intermediate. In early gestation, G sows
performed fewer stereotypies than E sows, with C
sows being intermediate. In mid gestation, G
sows performed fewer stereotypies than C and
E sows, which did not differ. Piglets from C sows
were more active in the novel object test than E and G piglets, which did
not differ. Group housing improved sow comfort (indicated by postures) and
reduced sow stress (indicated by stereotypies), but periodic exercise did
not. Decreased activity level in piglets from
sows given greater freedom of movement
indicates that gestation housing can influence the behaviour of
offspring.
Public concern for animal welfare and its correlation with ethical
ideologies after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China
Authors: Su B , Martens P
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents a major public
health challenge and a serious threat to sustainable social development. A
consideration of animal welfare is clearly justified, given the potential
contribution of animals to the spread of the disease. The present study,
therefore, sought to investigate the concern the Chinese people have for
animal welfare (PCAW) and how their ‘ethical ideology’ (idealism and
relativism) determines PCAW after COVID-19, through comparison with the same
study, carried out in China in 2015. Our results demonstrated a significant
improvement in Chinese PCAW after COVID-19. The adverse impact of COVID-19
may have resulted in a lowered idealism score and this decreased score
served to neutralise significant correlations between idealism and PCAW,
compared to the 2015 results. The global pandemic did not increase people's
relativism score and a significant correlation was found between relativism
and PCAW. Gender, age, educational level, public perception of animals after
COVID-19, zoo and aquarium visiting were all shown to be predictor variables
for PCAW. This study is one of the first to investigate Chinese PCAW after
COVID-19 and can therefore provide knowledge that will potentially increase
Chinese PCAW.
Do you see the same cat that I see? Inter- and intra-observer reliability
for Qualitative Behaviour Assessment as temperament indicator in domestic
cats
Authors: Travnik IC , Machado DS , Sant’Anna AC
Published: July 2022

Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) is used to assess animals’
emotional expressions and its potential for serving as an indicator of
temperament has been explored. This method is open to assessors’
interpretation and it is therefore necessary to evaluate the observers’
reliability for different species and contexts. We aimed to assess the
intra- and inter-observer reliability of QBA as an indicator of cat
(Felis catus) temperament. The QBA was
applied by 19 observers with divergent profiles of contact with cats (cat
owners vs non-owners) and experience in behavioural assessment (experienced
vs inexperienced). Forty-two, 12-min videos were assessed, composed of
footage of four behavioural tests: unfamiliar person, novel object,
conspecific reaction, and food offering tests. By using Principal Component
Analysis, we found three principal components (PC) that were considered the
main dimensions of cat temperament. According to Kendall's coefficient of
concordance, intra-observer reliability was high to very high in PC1
(0.80-0.90) and moderate to high in PC2 and PC3 (0.50-0.82). Inter-observer
reliability for the 19 observers was high in PC1 (0.71) and low in PC2 and
PC3 (0.21-0.29). The individual concordances with the gold observer (defined
based on greater experience with the QBA) ranged from moderate to high. We
concluded that QBA could be a reliable tool to assess cat temperament, given
the high values of intra- and inter-observer reliabilities in PC1, which is
the dimension that most explains the behavioural variations in the cats’
temperament. The same did not occur for PC2 and PC3, showing that
reliability varied among the different dimensions and observers.
Single vs multiple cat adoptions: A trade-off between longer adoption
times and social bonding in shelter cats
Authors: Engebrecht L , Smith T , Suchak M
Published: July 2022

Timely adoption is essential for shelters to prevent unnecessary illness
or euthanasia in cats (Felis catus). Many studies
have examined the role of individual cat characteristics and environmental
factors in facilitating cat adoptions, but none have looked at the role the
number of cats being adopted plays. In this study, we examined whether or
not adopting cats in pairs influences adoption times, in addition to
commonly studied factors. We then collected video data on a small subset of
cats to determine whether pairs that were adopted together differed
behaviourally from pairs who were not. Our results demonstrate that cats who
are adopted as part of a multi-cat outcome spent three days (42%) longer on
the adoption floor than those adopted individually, independently of other
factors such as age and coat colour. This difference increased to 13 days
(185%) longer if the cat had a notification indicating they must be adopted
together with another cat. While behavioural data show that these pairs of
cats engage in significantly more affiliative behaviour with each other than
cats who were adopted singly, there was a large discrepancy between which
pairs the shelter classified as multi-outcome and those who would be
classified that way based on behaviour alone. We suggest that decisions to
place cats together should be made carefully given the potential adverse
impacts of keeping cats in the shelter longer. Further, we suggest that
guidance should be developed to help shelters accurately and consistently
identify which cats merit a multi-outcome adoption.
A formal model for assessing the economic impact of animal welfare
improvements at bovine and porcine slaughter
Authors: Jerlström J , Berg C , Karlsson AH , Wallenbeck A , Hansson H
Published: July 2022

The relationship between animal welfare at slaughter and slaughterhouse
profitability is complex, with potential trade-offs between animal welfare
costs and benefits. Slaughterhouses currently lack data support for
decisions on investments that can improve both animal welfare and
profitability. Therefore, this study mapped the economic impacts for
slaughterhouse businesses of improved cattle and pig welfare at slaughter.
Specific aims were to: (i) highlight the possible economic impact of animal
welfare improvements, based on the scientific literature; (ii) develop an
economic model demonstrating the theoretical contribution of animal welfare
to slaughterhouse profitability; and (iii) validate the economic model
through focus group interviews with slaughterhouse personnel in Sweden. The
findings indicated that investing in animal welfare improvements could
result in accumulation of an intangible asset that can be considered
together with other production factors in the economic model. Model
validation stressed the importance of selling by-products for the economic
outcome and of smooth workflow for productivity. The study thus improves
understanding of the economic impacts of animal welfare at slaughter and
incentives for slaughterhouse businesses to improve animal welfare. The
results are important for public and private policy-makers interested in
enhancing animal welfare at slaughter.
Electric shock control of farmed animals: Welfare review and ethical
critique
Authors: Grumett D , Butterworth A
Published: July 2022

The available methods of electric shock control or containment of farmed
animals are increasing and potentially include: (i) fixed and movable
electric fencing; (ii) cattle trainers; (iii) prods or goads; (iv) wires in
poultry barns; (v) dairy collecting yard backing gates; (vi) automated
milking systems (milking robots); and (vii) collars linked to virtual
fencing and containment systems. Since any electric shock is likely to cause
a farmed animal pain, any such control or containment must, to be ethically
justifiable, bring clear welfare benefits that cannot be practicably
delivered in other ways. Associated areas of welfare concern with ethical
implications include the displacement of stockpersons by technology, poor
facility design, stray voltage, coercive behavioural change and indirect
impacts on human society and values.
Tumors in a pandemic era: giant ovarian mucinous cystadenomas
Authors: Nuțu Vlad , Târcoveanu Eugen , Axentioi Ana-Maria , Varlot Samantha , Bătrineac Valeria , Crumpei Felicia , Rusu Andrieși Delia Florina , Cucu Cătălina , Ciobanu Delia
Published: July 2022

Tumors in the pandemic era: giant ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. Mucinous cystadenoma is a benign tumor of the ovary originating from the surface epithelium of the ovary, characterized by mucin production. They represent 10-15% of ovarian tumors. The borderline variety represents 10% of mucinous cystadenomas. They can reach very large sizes. We present the case of a patient, aged 65, hospitalized at the end of pandemics with a giant abdominal cystic tumor (diameter 40 cm) with compression disorders. He had a subtotal hysterectomy for uterine fibroids at the age of 25. Laboratory tests are within normal limits except CA19-9 = 398 IU / ml. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasound shows a mid-abdominal liquid formation, inhomogeneous with septa inside that exceeds 30 cm. CT with the contrast substance highlights a multiloculated formation, developed from the left ovary to with iodophilic septa, with mass effect on anatomical elements, with overall dimensions of approx. 230/300/350 mm. With the suspicion of a giant left ovarian cyst suspected of being malignant, a median xipho-umbilical laparotomy was performed and a giant cystic tumor of the left ovary weighing 13 kg, reaching the supramesocolic floor without adhesions, with an ovarian pedicle one cm thick, was removed. Anexectomy was performed on the right side without complications. The postoperative evolution was simple. Histopathological examination determined the diagnosis of borderline mucinous cystadenoma. The epidemiology, clinical signs and imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of these rare tumors with favorable evolution are discussed.
The giant mimivirus 1.2 Mb genome is elegantly organized into a 30-nm diameter helical protein shield
Authors: Villalta Alejandro , Schmitt Alain , Estrozi Leandro F , Quemin Emmanuelle RJ , Alempic Jean-Marie , Lartigue Audrey , Pražák Vojtěch , Belmudes Lucid , Vasishtan Daven , Colmant Agathe MG , Honoré Flora A , Couté Yohann , Grünewald Kay , Abergel Chantal
Published: July 2022

Mimivirus is the prototype of the Mimiviridae family of giant dsDNA viruses. Little is known about the organization of the 1.2 Mb genome inside the membrane-limited nucleoid filling the ~0.5 µm icosahedral capsids. Cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography, and proteomics revealed that it is encased into a ~30-nm diameter helical protein shell surprisingly composed of two GMC-type oxidoreductases, which also form the glycosylated fibrils decorating the capsid. The genome is arranged in 5- or 6-start left-handed super-helices, with each DNA-strand lining the central channel. This luminal channel of the nucleoprotein fiber is wide enough to accommodate oxidative stress proteins and RNA polymerase subunits identified by proteomics. Such elegant supramolecular organization would represent a remarkable evolutionary strategy for packaging and protecting the genome, in a state ready for immediate transcription upon unwinding in the host cytoplasm. The parsimonious use of the same protein in two unrelated substructures of the virion is unexpected for a giant virus with thousand genes at its disposal.
Large protein complex interfaces have evolved to promote cotranslational assembly
Authors: Badonyi Mihaly , Marsh Joseph A
Published: July 2022

Assembly pathways of protein complexes should be precise and efficient to minimise misfolding and unwanted interactions with other proteins in the cell. One way to achieve this efficiency is by seeding assembly pathways during translation via the cotranslational assembly of subunits. While recent evidence suggests that such cotranslational assembly is widespread, little is known about the properties of protein complexes associated with the phenomenon. Here, using a combination of proteome-specific protein complex structures and publicly available ribosome profiling data, we show that cotranslational assembly is particularly common between subunits that form large intermolecular interfaces. To test whether large interfaces have evolved to promote cotranslational assembly, as opposed to cotranslational assembly being a non-adaptive consequence of large interfaces, we compared the sizes of first and last translated interfaces of heteromeric subunits in bacterial, yeast, and human complexes. When considering all together, we observe the N-terminal interface to be larger than the C-terminal interface 54% of the time, increasing to 64% when we exclude subunits with only small interfaces, which are unlikely to cotranslationally assemble. This strongly suggests that large interfaces have evolved as a means to maximise the chance of successful cotranslational subunit binding.
Connecting the lines after a stroke
Authors: Carmichael S Thomas
Published: July 2022

In mice, stimulating cortical areas in the undamaged hemisphere of a brain affected by stroke impairs recovery.