bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for automation of generation of interlocking tables for station traffic control devices
Authors: Jurczak Mateusz , Młyńczak Jakub
Published: March 2021

On account of the growing number of railway upgrading projects implemented in Poland, numerous problems are emerging when prepared and performed. While preparing detailed plans and specifications for railway traffic control devices intended to secure traffic at a railway station, one must deal with numerous alterations related to the work's phasing directly linked with the said equipment. Consequently, the variety of elements subject to change includes the schematic plan and the relevant interlocking tables for railway traffic control systems. This article aims to discuss the authors’ original method for automation of the generation of interlocking tables for station traffic control equipment. The solution to the problem in question is assumed to be a model consisting of two components. One of them is the design part identifying individual objects comprising the railway station being designed. Subsequently, by the application of adequate algorithms, data are implemented in the other model component. Further calculations are performed to generate a list of all possible movements from main signals and shunting signals at the station referred to as railway routes. The method has been verified using the authors’ original computer program. Its first part corresponds to the design process. The station’s track layout is built using the program’s dedicated toolbar combined with an additional database of layers created in computer-aided design software. Next, such a track layout, saved into a dxf file, is imported to a dedicated application where train and shunting routes are generated. The method is verified by checking the routes thus generated against those in the existing interlocking tables by applying an adequate significance indicator. Assuming that the design process's basic assumptions are satisfied, the method in question makes it possible to accelerate the generation of interlocking tables in a secure manner.
Cyber security requirements for railway control systems according to standard IEC 62443
Authors: Tworek Bartłomiej
Published: March 2021

Modern railway control systems are based on computer and embedded systems. This components are connected directly via ICT networks, it is also possible to use wireless industrial networks. Cyber security attacks in automation control systems are becoming more dangerous and common. To protect these safety critical systems, the standard IEC 62443 has been developed. This standard provides guidelines and requirements for industrial automation and control systems which also apply to railway systems. This article is mainly focused on chapter IEC 62443-4-2 which provides Technical security requirements for IACS components. Proper protection against cyber attacks is also important for maintaining RAMS parameters (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety). Railway control systems performs mainly safety critical functionality which are related with railway traffic management. Safety related control algorithms and vital modules cannot be disturbed by security mechanisms and functions. The analysis of cyber threats should be performed by railway infrastructure operators in cooperation with manufacturers of railway control systems. It is important to determine what level of requirements fulfilment according to standard IEC 62443 must be met (security level). Railway traffic control systems are long life and high availability systems, therefore they should be properly maintained during lifecycle. The manufacturer of railway control systems and end user should together develop a policy and guidelines for securing the systems against cyber attacks.
Współczesne dylematy równości i sprawiedliwości
opodatkowania (cz. 4)
Authors: Radzikowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Celami artykułu są: konfrontacja najważniejszych nurtów myśli polityczno-ekonomicznej, które traktowały o postulacie
równomiernego, a co za tym idzie – sprawiedliwego, rozłożenia ciężaru podatkowego, ze współczesnymi
uwarunkowaniami społeczno-gospodarczymi oraz ocena, czy polski system podatkowy realizuje te postulaty.
Istotą tego problemu jest pytanie, czy bogatsi powinni płacić wyższe i o ile wyższe podatki niż biedniejsi (tradycyjny
dylemat podatku proporcjonalnego albo progresywnego)1.
Artykuł podsumowuje i rozwija referaty:
1) Podatek solidarnościowy a solidarność podatku: czy polski system podatkowy realizuje postulaty sprawiedliwości
i solidarności społecznej?, który wygłosiłem na XX Konferencji Wydziałowej WPiA UW pt. Solidarność
i dobro wspólne jako wartości w prawie (Warszawa, 1-4 marca 2019 r.) oraz
2) Współczesne dylematy równości opodatkowania, który wygłosiłem na XXI Konferencji Wydziałowej WPiA UW
pt. Równość i nierówności w prawie (Warszawa, 28 lutego 2020 r.).
W czwartej części artykułu analizuję współczesny polski system podatkowy.
Objeto de Aprendizagem Digital para as Funções Seno e Cosseno e suas Inversas com Aplicação na Eletroeletrônica
Authors: Rocha Mauro José da , Laudares João Bosco , Souza Silvio Alves de
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta a criação e aplicação de um Objeto de Aprendizagem - OA digital, como resultado de pesquisa de mestrado. Foi elaborada uma sequência de atividades envolvendo funções trigonométricas seno, cosseno e suas inversas, para apoio ao professor do ensino médio e cursos técnicos da área de Eletroeletrônica. A metodologia da investigação utilizou aportes teóricos e parâmetros da Informática Educativa, especialmente, quanto a elaboração de Objeto de Aprendizagem. As atividades foram estruturadas em uma Sequência Didática, priorizando circuitos elétricos e triângulo de potências através da análise de representações gráficas. O OA foi testado por vinte e um estudantes do segundo ano do curso técnico em Eletrônica de uma escola técnica. Foram categorizados tipos de erros que facilitaram a análise da aplicação do OA, constatando a eficácia do experimento.
Ensino de Números Complexos no Ensino Médio, Técnico e Superior: um Mapeamento de Produções Brasileiras
Authors: Puhl Cassiano Scott , Lima Isolda Gianni de , Müller Thaísa Jacintho
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento teórico de artigos que abordam o ensino de números complexos no Ensino Médio, Técnico e Superior, publicados em periódicos brasileiros. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar como os números complexos são abordados no Ensino Superior, por meio de recursos digitais, buscando reconhecer recursos disponíveis, verificar diferentes concepções, metodologias de pesquisas e abordagens didáticas planejadas ou aplicadas. Os artigos foram selecionados de periódicos de qualis A1, A2 e B1, da área de ensino do quadriênio 2013-2016. A análise realizada revela que os números complexos são considerados um conhecimento prévio pelos professores de Engenharia e que os acadêmicos, no entanto, não apresentam esse conhecimento. Nas pesquisas consideradas no mapeamento predominam ou a problemática de números complexos ou de circuitos elétricos. Portanto, o mapeamento apresentado neste trabalho evidencia a necessidade de investigar essa temática e a pertinência de propor uma alternativa pedagógica para auxiliar professores e acadêmicos.
Estudo dos Números Reais em um Curso de Análise sob a Perspectiva Investigativa da História da Matemática
Authors: Lübeck Kelly Roberta Mazzutti
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta a pesquisa desenvolvida junto a uma turma do quarto ano do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, na disciplina de Análise Real, que se propôs a discutir a formalização dos conjuntos numéricos sob a perspectiva investigativa da História da Matemática. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação e o trabalho teve como objetivos conduzir os acadêmicos a uma possível compreensão da estrutura dos números reais e, consequentemente, da sua importância à fundamentação de conceitos relativos à disciplina através de incursões históricas e, concomitantemente, avaliar a postura destes futuros professores frente às situações investigativas. Além de oferecer uma forma alternativa de se trabalhar determinados conceitos da Análise, pode-se dizer que as discussões que se sucederam foram relevantes à formação de futuros professores que ensinarão Matemática e os resultados da investigação, segundo avaliação dos atores do processo, levaram-nos ao entendimento de que o uso da História favoreceu o processo de aprendizagem relativo aos temas abordados, bem como motivou os alunos a refletirem sobre o papel da Análise na grade curricular e em sua formação.
Ecologia de Aprendizagem para o Ensino de Probabilidade nos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Santos Indaclécio Paulo dos , Carvalho José Ivanildo Felisberto de
Published: March 2021

Este texto apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa que objetiva desenvolver, aplicar e analisar uma sequência de atividades caracterizada como ecologia de aprendizagem orientada para o Ensino e Aprendizagem de Probabilidade nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Para isto foram selecionados estudantes dos 7o e 8o anos do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública no estado de Pernambuco. Baseado na teoria do Design Experiments, a pesquisa foi realizada por meio de três ciclos investigativos envolvendo respectivamente os conceitos de aleatoriedade, espaço amostral e quantificação e comparação de probabilidades. No desenvolvimento do design, percebemos que as principais dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes estão centradas no mapeamento das possibilidades, o que se deve à falta de repertório de estratégias utilizadas para combinações, ou porque os estudantes não as conhecem, ou porque não sabiam aplicá-las nas atividades. Os resultados apontam que os recursos e atividades vivenciados junto aos estudantes possibilitaram a aprendizagem do conhecimento probabilístico deste grupo. Dentre os resultados, afirmamos a construção conceitual das noções de probabilidade perpassando pela compreensão das diferentes situações de natureza aleatória e por situações envolvendo as concepções frequentista e clássica de probabilidade.
A Hybrid Efficient Distributed Clustering Algorithm Based Intrusion Detection System to Enhance Security in MANET
Authors: Rathish CR , Karpagavadivu K , Sindhuja P , Kousalya A
Published: March 2021

MANET plays a key role in the contemporary improvements in technology and services that dynamically builds up the network connection bringing about a variation in network topology. If any malevolent activity inside the network otherwise in the system occurs it is monitored by software application or device called Intrusion or Invader Detection System (IDS). The power utilization is more in MANET as the IDS needs to be active for the whole time on each node. Considering this, we have designed a clustering-based proposal for Ad-hoc networks. To lower the communication overhead, the CH detection is called upon for establishing the path Weighted Clustering Algorithm (DCA) that is utilized to construct path. The proposed Distributed Clustering Algorithm dependent Invader Detection System (DCAIDS) is designed such that it reduces the overall delay during transmission in a network. The intruder attacks are identified by IDS and that particular nodes are detached from the cluster. When the particular target node receives the packets, it acknowledges its reception by sending RREP message so that the sender can send the intended data packets thereafter. Thus, an efficient and delay tolerant path is established which in turn intensifies the certainty of MANET.
Application of Fuzzy Pushdown Automaton on Prediction of Quality Control for Spinning Yarn
Authors: Wu QingE , Wang Xing , Chen Zhiwu , Chen Hu , Sun Dong , Han Zhenyu
Published: March 2021

In order to perform better recognition, tracking and control for fuzzy and uncertain thing, this paper will design a suitable fuzzy pushdown automaton (FPDA) control method to solve the problem. Firstly, the control design structure of FPDA and the decision reasoning rules in control are given. Secondly, the application of FPDA in prediction of quality control for spinning yarn is discussed in the practical problem. Finally, the comparison of FPDA and other control methods on the target control is given. The simulation results show that the control speed and the average precision of designed FPDA are faster by12ms and higher by 4.98% than that of traditional method, which its control precision is 96.87%.
A Stopping Criterion for the Training Process of the Specific Signal Generator
Authors: Cui Lizhi , Zhao Peichao , Li Bingfeng , Li Xinwei , Wang Keping , Yang Yi , Bu Xuhui , Fei Shumin
Published: March 2021

Mathematical description of a complex signal is very important in engineering but nearly impossible in many occasions. The emergence of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) shows the possibility to train a single neural network to be a Specific Signal Generator (SSG), which is only controlled by a random vector with several elements. However, there is no explicit criterion for the GAN training process to stop, and in real applications the training always stops after a certain big iteration. In this paper, a serious issue was discussed during the process to use GAN as a SSG. And, an explicit criterion for the GAN as a SSG to stop the training process were proposed. Several experiments were carried out to illustrate the issues mentioned above and the effectiveness of the stopping criterion proposed in this paper.
Design and Performance Research on Dual Layer Cement Based Absorber Reinforced with Graphene Nanosheets and Manganese-zinc Ferrite
Authors: SUN Yafei , ZHOU Tianshu , PENG Yueyue , LIU Hongwei
Published: March 2021

Dual layer cement-based absorber is synthesized by mixing with graphene nanosheets and manganese-zinc ferrite, to study the effect of absorbing filler content on the mechanical properties, microstructure, electrical resistivity and reflectivity of the paste. The microstructure of the absorber is seen by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) curves of the absorber. The results show that graphene nanosheets significantly reduce the electrical resistivity of paste, increasing its mechanical properties by improving its pore structure. SEM images indicate that graphene nanosheets promote the increase and coarsening of cement hydration products and produce a large number of dense bulk crystals. Furthermore, reflectivity measurements show that the minimum reflectivity of – 14.1 dB is obtained in the range of 2 ~ 18 GHz and the effective bandwidth of 16 GHz is obtained when reflectivity is less than – 7 dB. This study provides a new method for the preparation of dual layer cement-based absorber.
Aspect of the notarial function
Authors: Kašćelan Balša , Tošić Nataša
Published: March 2021

The notary public service is a special public profession that has a specific role not only to establish legal security but also to strengthen the existing one. The Law on Notary Public opted for the so-called Latin type of notary because it was a natural ways of the historical roots of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in our area. In step with this reform project, the necessary changes in civil and procedural law were entered. The concept of notary public was to be implemented in the entire civil law system. One of the reasons for the introduction of the institute of the notary public was to make courts more effective in the matter in which this is possible. Our legal system has joined many European legal systems which, in order to respect the principles of procedural economics and speed up the provision of legal protection in civil court proceedings, provide for the possibility of entrusting the conduct of court proceedings to a notary public. The notary public acts like a judge when working on probate, but his position is not completely equal to that of a judge, therefore, the competent court has the obligation to supervise the work of the notary public. The court may at any time ask the notary public to submit the case file to him and to submit a written report on his work.
Cultivar, densidade de semeadura ou momento da emissão: o que influencia mais a mortalidade e desempenho de perfilhos de trigo?
Authors: Pinheiro Magaiver Gindri , Souza Clovis Arruda de , Fioreze Samuel Luiz , Sangoi Luis , Carneiro Junior João Francisco Costa , Bisato Maira Maier
Published: March 2021

A emissão e sobrevivência de perfilhos em trigo depende de diversos fatores. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da densidade de semeadura, do potencial de perfilhamento e da ordem temporal de emissão de perfilhos, na emissão, na sobrevivência e no desempenho de perfilhos individuais em cultivares de trigo contrastantes quanto ao potencial de perfilhamento. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2x4; sendo duas cultivares de trigo (TBIO Toruk e TBIO Sossego) e quatro densidades de semeadura (208; 312; 416 e 500 sementes aptas m−2). Os perfilhos foram identificados semanalmente, conforme a ordem temporal de emissão durante quatro semanas consecutivas. Foram avaliadas a emissão, a sobrevivência e o desempenho produtivos de todos os perfilhos, além disso, foram avaliadas a altura de plantas, comprimento do pedúnculo, diâmetro de colmo, massa verde e presença de grãos. A mortalidade geral de perfilhos emitidos foi de 24%. Houve um decréscimo de 73% na emissão e 92% na sobrevivência de perfilhos ao longo de quatro semanas. O aumento da densidade de semeadura promoveu decréscimo de 43% na emissão e 44% na sobrevivência de perfilhos. A cultivar Sossego apresentou menor potencial de perfilhamento, mas com sobrevivência superior a Toruk. Os dois primeiros perfilhos emitidos representaram 77% do total de perfilhos emitidos. Perfilhos sobreviventes emitidos na primeira semana foram responsáveis por 40% do total da presença de grãos ao final do ciclo.
Impacto da antropização na qualidade da água e no solo de áreas ciliares avaliado em uma bacia hidrográfica na região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Wroblescki Filipe Antonio , Bertol Ildegardis , Wolschick Neuro Hilton , Bagio Bárbara , Santos Venesa Pinto dos , Bernardi Loriane , Biasiolo Luiz Antonio
Published: March 2021

A antropização de ambientes terrestres tem aumentado a produção de nutrientes e de compostos orgânicos e o aporte dos mesmos nas águas superficiais e no solo localizado nas margens das mesmas, ocasionado alterações na qualidade da água e do solo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto da antropização no ambiente ciliar, foi realizada análise de fósforo, potássio e carbono na água, bem como de fósforo, potássio e matéria orgânica no solo, em 18 locais, respectivamente, na água do Ribeirão Petrópolis e no solo às suas margens, numa bacia hidrográfica na cidade de Lages, SC, Brasil. As coletas de amostras de água foram realizadas em agosto e dezembro de 2016, e em março e junho de 2017. As coletas de amostras de solo ocorreram apenas em agosto de 2016 e junho de 2017. Os locais amostrados situavam-se em áreas de floresta, campo nativo e área urbana. O fósforo e potássio dissolvido na água foram determinados conforme metodologia descrita por MURPHY & RILEY (1962), enquanto o carbono dissolvido em água foi mineralizado por combustão em forno a 800 ºC e determinado em TOC/TN Analytik Jena Multi N/C 2100. Já fósforo e potássio extraível do solo e matéria orgânica foram determinados conforme medologias descritas em TEDESCO et al. (1995). Observou-se que a concentração de fósforo, potássio e carbono dissolvido na água foi maior no trecho do rio que passava pela área urbana do que naquele que passava pelo campo e pela floresta, em praticamente todas as épocas do ano. O mesmo comportamento ocorreu com o fósforo e potássio no solo às margens do rio. Entretanto, o teor de matéria orgânica no solo foi menor no trecho que passava pela área da cidade. Os resultados dessa pesquisa apontaram que na área urbana, onde o tratamento de esgoto não era realizado, ou era deficitário, o lançamento de efluentes domésticos contendo detergentes fosfatados e sabões acarretaram no aumento do fósforo, potássio e carbono na água e de fósforo e potássio no solo.
Itinerarios generizados en Formación Profesional Básica. Resultados de un estudio en centros educativos valencianos
Authors: Villar-Aguilés Alícia , Obiol-Francés Sandra
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la Formación Profesional Básica para comprender mejor la significativa segregación por sexo que los datos muestran, tanto en su acceso como en las especialidades cursadas, a partir del análisis de estadísticas educativas. Este análisis se complementa con el uso de metodología cualitativa a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 35 estudiantes de fpb procedentes de cinco centros educativos valencianos, comunidad autónoma con una importante implantación de la fpb. Teóricamente partimos de la consideración de Acker (1990) de instituciones educativas como organizaciones con marca de género que contribuyen a construir modelos de masculinidad y feminidad hegemónicos (Connell, 2001). Los resultados muestran la solidez con la que todavía se identifican estereotipos de género que hacen persistir lo que denominamos itinerarios generizados, los cuales tienen su incidencia en las decisiones educativas y en las futuras transiciones laborales.
Introduction au dossier thématique
Authors: Castro Gonçalves Luciana , Mitkova Liliana , Cerruti Corrado , Doloreux David , Vasconcellos Vale Glaucia Maria
Published: March 2021

Les travaux sur l’innovation collaborative suscitent l’intérêt croissant de nombreux académiques, professionnels et responsables politiques. Ce concept, pourtant proche de celui bien connu d’innovation ouverte, reste peu exploré dans la littérature. Il est en effet question de s’intéresser davantage aux approches relationnelles entre les organisations au détriment d’une approche plus rationnelle et normative. Sous l’angle des paradoxes que suscitent la mise en oeuvre de l’innovation collaborative dans différents contextes, nous mettons en lumière divers questionnements associés à cette notion (création de valeur, pratique des PME, organisation interne/externe, espaces ouverts de collaboration, technologies numériques et politiques publiques). Notre objectif est d’offrir de nouvelles perspectives de recherche représentant un renouvellement des premières vagues des recherches sur l’innovation ouverte
A Gloss on the State Theory of Money: Simmel and Knapp
Authors: Waizbort Leopoldo
Published: March 2021

In his Staatliche Theorie des Geldes, published in 1905, Georg Friedrich Knapp presented the thesis that underlies so-called ‘chartalism’: “Das Geld ist ein Geschöpf der Rechtsordnung.” Formulated at a time when the basing of money on precious metal was considered indispensable (metalism), Knapp’s theory seeks an eminently social foundation of money, based on the legal order and the State. Knapp thus moved away from more substantialist conceptions of money; his theory is based on the practical functions and performances of money and points to the decisive problem of trust (in the acceptability and value of money). Although Georg Simmel, in his Philosophie des Geldes, published in 1900, did not develop a properly chartalist approach, he offers a number of points of support to the chartalist theory. The overcoming of the substantial character of money in favour of its functional character and his conception of money as relation, as well as the logical genesis of money and value as eminently social, offers a foundation to a social theory of money, of which the state theory of money suggested by Knapp would be a modalization.
On the Extension of the Present Time. Accounts for a Temporally Oriented Sociology with Georg Simmel: Insights Regarding a Research Experience
Authors: Botia Merchán H. Augusto , Acevedo Einer Mosquera
Published: March 2021

This working paper arises from the conviction that it is possible to propose a temporally oriented sociology with Georg Simmel. From his idea of the extension of the present, which belongs to his philosophy of history as to his sociology and philosophy of life, this paper looks forward to contributing to discussions related to historical experience, as well as collective and cultural memory, and social imagination. Framed within an ongoing research experience on future imaginaries of former guerrilla fighters in process of re-incorporation to the civilian life in the city of Medellin (Colombia), and resorting to other authors with problematizations on the present as a particular mediator between past and future, we state that an extended present in which a fundamentally traumatic past is constantly stalking and conditioned to the expectancies concerning the fiction of the new beginning characteristic of the post-conflictual imaginary is a particular feature of the Colombian temporal regime.
La construction de récits identitaires locaux au service de la revalorisation
urbaine
Authors: Girardin Antonin
Published: March 2021

À travers l’exemple de deux anciens quartiers industriels, à Caen et à Leipzig, cet
article montre la manière dont des récits identitaires sont utilisés dans des projets de
reconversion urbaine afin de doter les quartiers de valeur symbolique. Sur la presqu’île de
Caen, les pouvoirs publics mobilisent un récit identitaire industrialo-portuaire qui a pour
but de légitimer le projet urbain et de procurer une identité au quartier en devenir en lui
conférant une profondeur susceptible d’attirer les investisseurs. Dans le district de
Plagwitz, à Leipzig, les pouvoirs publics et les promoteurs privés prennent appui sur une
identité créative déjà constituée et fortement incarnée par des groupes d’artistes et de
militants. Ils transforment la valeur symbolique créée par ces groupes en valeur marchande.
Cette hybridation crée une dynamique de marchandisation de l’espace qui menace aujourd’hui
les lieux structurant le récit identitaire du quartier.
Quartier Sidi El Houari à Oran
Authors: Zerarka Ibtissem , Messaoudene Maha
Published: March 2021

Le quartier Sidi El Houari, noyau historique de la ville d’Oran, est au coeur d’enjeux politiques, socioéconomiques et identitaires mêlant plusieurs acteurs aux intérêts divergents et aux visions contrastées. Devenu l’objet d’un conflit patrimonial, le quartier suscite des revendications patrimoniales et mémorielles de la part du collectif citoyen, et ce, à la suite de démolitions répétées dans le cadre bâti ancien. Ces opérations sont perçues comme une rupture irréversible dans l’occupation de l’espace par les couches populaires et une liquidation progressive d’une partie de l’esprit et de la mémoire collective du lieu. En dépit de l’absence d’un cadre réglementaire faisant obligation de participation, les mobilisations citoyennes menées dans le cadre du processus de patrimonialisation du quartier ont pu influer sur l’action publique urbaine. Bien que l’impact reste modéré, il est sans doute possible de penser que les écueils d’une telle action trouvent leur origine dans une gouvernance patrimoniale encore balbutiante.
Mémoire collective et projets de réaménagement de l’espace public
Authors: Ramirez-Cobo Inès , Zepf Marcus
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous proposons d’explorer l’articulation entre mémoire collective et prise en compte de l’existant dans la conduite de projets de réaménagement d’espaces publics, à travers l’analyse de la blueFACTORY (Suisse). Après avoir constaté un écart significatif entre le « patrimoine reconnu » des autorités planificatrices et le « patrimoine perçu » de ceux qui fréquentent les espace en cours de transformation, nous posons la question de la capacité des instruments régulateurs du patrimoine à intégrer tout un ensemble d’objets mis de côté et pourtant investis d’une valeur symbolique à portée patrimoniale. Nous proposons aussi une méthode susceptible d’élargir les « espaces de négociation » par lesquels se déterminent ces éléments dignes d’être conservés, protégés ou mis en valeur dans le cadre d’un projet urbain. Enfin, nous concluons sur l’opportunité de saisir la mémoire collective (lointaine ou récente) comme levier opérationnel de valorisation de l’histoire d’un lieu, ainsi que des éléments porteurs de valeur symbolique et de valeur d’usage.
Vocal Symphony of Boris Tishchenko
Authors: Serov Iurii Eduardovich
Published: March 2021

The subject of this research is the monumental vocal-symphonic piece of the prominent Russian composer of the second half of the XX century Boris Tishchenko. His Symphony No.6 s based on the poems by A. Naiman, A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam, M. Tsvetaeva and V. Levinzon, completed in 1989, and tribute to Yevgeny Alexandrovich Mravinsky, who passed away a year before. Poetic lines that form the backbone of the symphony contain multiple images resembling death, which imparts a profound meaning, a moment of personal experience in dedication to the prominent conductor. Special attention is given to the symphonic dramaturgy of the Symphony No.6, the problem of interrelation between music and poetry, realization of the complex literary texts in the ultimately modern symphonism of Boris Tishchenko. The conclusion is made that Tishchenko is absolutely seamless in this vocal-symphonic opus and reveres his coauthors. The translates everything into the music, without missing a tiny thing that can reveal its meaning and beauty. At the same time, the circle of poetic images, semantics of the verse were transformed in accordance with his worldview. The novelty is defined by the fact that this article is first in Russian musicology, to comprehensively analyze the Symphony No.6  by Boris Tishchenko, reveal its semantics, and performance difficulties. The author attributes this symphonic composition of Boris Tishchenko to most remarkable in the history of Russian music.
Evolution of representations on reasoning (three cultural starts)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the three cultural starts of reasoning (ancient, modern, and current). This analysis is preceded by the history of studying reasoning in the Moscow Methodological Group, the representatives of which set the task of creating the theory of mendacity, but failed to complete. It turned out that reasoning cannot be reduced to activity not explained by semiotics. The concept of Aristotle's reasoning (the first start) is explored. He completes the tradition of norming the discursive types of activity (reasoning, proof, cognition) that comes from Parmenides and Socrates, attributes the ability to reason to an individual, and along with Plato generates a new reality in mentality. The second start of reasoning is attributed to the Modern Age, which outlined the task getting hold of nature and formed a New European creative personality. In this case, reasoning is endowed with the characteristics of constructiveness, projectivity, eventfulness, perceived as a method of creating new nature and thingness by a person, and included into the context of formation of the culture of modernity. The third start, as the emergence of a new type of reasoning, is currently developing. It is substantiated by the crisis of the culture of modernity, which caused the emergence of new types of discursive practices (interdisciplinary research, collective forms of mental activity using the Internet, development of methodology). These new types of practices require further research and norming, so are the new functions and peculiarities of reasoning.
Anti-fibrotic activity of a rho-kinase inhibitor restores outflow function and intraocular pressure homeostasis
Authors: Li Guorong , Lee Chanyoung , Read A Thomas , Wang Ke , Ha Jungmin , Kuhn Megan , Navarro Iris , Cui Jenny , Young Katherine , Gorijavolu Rahul , Sulchek Todd , Kopczynski Casey , Farsiu Sina , Samples John , Challa Pratap , Ethier C Ross , Stamer W Daniel
Published: March 2021

Glucocorticoids are widely used as an ophthalmic medication. A common, sight-threatening adverse event of glucocorticoid usage is ocular hypertension, caused by dysfunction of the conventional outflow pathway. We report that netarsudil, a rho-kinase inhibitor, decreased glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension in patients whose intraocular pressures were poorly controlled by standard medications. Mechanistic studies in our established mouse model of glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension show that netarsudil both prevented and reduced intraocular pressure elevation. Further, netarsudil attenuated characteristic steroid-induced pathologies as assessed by quantification of outflow function and tissue stiffness, and morphological and immunohistochemical indicators of tissue fibrosis. Thus, rho-kinase inhibitors act directly on conventional outflow cells to prevent or attenuate fibrotic disease processes in glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension in an immune-privileged environment. Moreover, these data motivate the need for a randomized prospective clinical study to determine whether netarsudil is indeed superior to first-line anti-glaucoma drugs in lowering steroid-induced ocular hypertension.
Uncovering a novel function of the CCR4-NOT complex in phytochrome A-mediated light signalling in plants
Authors: Schwenk Philipp , Sheerin David J , Ponnu Jathish , Staudt Anne-Marie , Lesch Klara L , Lichtenberg Elisabeth , Medzihradszky Katalin F , Hoecker Ute , Klement Eva , Viczián András , Hiltbrunner Andreas
Published: March 2021

Phytochromes are photoreceptors regulating growth and development in plants. Using the model plant Arabidopsis, we identified a novel signalling pathway downstream of the far-red light-sensing phytochrome, phyA, that depends on the highly conserved CCR4-NOT complex. CCR4-NOT is integral to RNA metabolism in yeast and animals, but its function in plants is largely unknown. NOT9B, an Arabidopsis homologue of human CNOT9, is a component of the CCR4-NOT complex, and acts as negative regulator of phyA-specific light signalling when bound to NOT1, the scaffold protein of the complex. Light-activated phyA interacts with and displaces NOT9B from NOT1, suggesting a potential mechanism for light signalling through CCR4-NOT. ARGONAUTE 1 and proteins involved in splicing associate with NOT9B and we show that NOT9B is required for specific phyA-dependent alternative splicing events. Furthermore, association with nuclear localised ARGONAUTE 1 raises the possibility that NOT9B and CCR4-NOT are involved in phyA-modulated gene expression.
Relative demographic susceptibility does not explain the extinction chronology of Sahul’s megafauna
Authors: Bradshaw Corey JA , Johnson Christopher N , Llewelyn John , Weisbecker Vera , Strona Giovanni , Saltré Frédérik
Published: March 2021

The causes of Sahul’s megafauna extinctions remain uncertain, although several interacting factors were likely responsible. To examine the relative support for hypotheses regarding plausible ecological mechanisms underlying these extinctions, we constructed the first stochastic, age-structured models for 13 extinct megafauna species from five functional/taxonomic groups, as well as 8 extant species within these groups for comparison. Perturbing specific demographic rates individually, we tested which species were more demographically susceptible to extinction, and then compared these relative sensitivities to the fossil-derived extinction chronology. Our models show that the macropodiformes were the least demographically susceptible to extinction, followed by carnivores, monotremes, vombatiform herbivores, and large birds. Five of the eight extant species were as or more susceptible than the extinct species. There was no clear relationship between extinction susceptibility and the extinction chronology for any perturbation scenario, while body mass and generation length explained much of the variation in relative risk. Our results reveal that the actual mechanisms leading to the observed extinction chronology were unlikely related to variation in demographic susceptibility per se, but were possibly driven instead by finer-scale variation in climate change and/or human prey choice and relative hunting success.
X-ray diffraction and theoretical study of the transition 2H-3R polytypes in Nb1+xSe2 (0 < x < 0.1)
Authors: Sidoumou Mohamed , Merazka Soumia , Gómez-Herrero Adrian , Kars Mohammed , Thierry Roisnel
Published: March 2021

Single crystals of 2H and 3R niobium diselenide were grown by a chemical transport reaction. The current determinations by single crystals X-ray diffraction reveal a non-stoichiometric composition. The structures are built from Se—Nb—Se slabs with Nb in trigonal prismatic coordination whereas the extra or additional Nb atoms are located in the octahedral holes between the slabs giving rise to the formula 2H and 3R-Nb1+xSe2 with 0.07 < x < 0.118. In particular, vacancy and Nb-Nb interactions may play an important role on the non-stoichiometry and the stacking mode in NbSe2. By increasing the number of additional Nb atoms in the pure 2H-NbSe2, a transition 2H to 3R polytype should occur in order to minimize the Nblayer—Nbextra—Nblayer repulsions between these adjacent slabs. The theoretical study shows that both 2H and 3R-Nb1+xSe2 are thermodynamically stable in the range 0 < x < 0.1.
FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTÍLICO COMO REGULADOR DE CRESCIMENTO EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE GRAMAS EM FUNÇÃO DA LUMINOSIDADE
Authors: Dezzotti Bittencourt de Lima Mariana , De Souza Rodrigues Juliana , Da Silva Santos Renata Thaysa , Lopes Bacha Allan , Da Costa Aguiar Alves Pedro Luís
Published: March 2021

A aplicação de reguladores vegetais reduz a altura das plantas sem afetar a alta qualidade da área tratada, sem causar prejuízos à densidade das plantas e sem causar dano visível ao gramado. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o uso do herbicida fluazifop-p-butílico como regulador de crescimento de três espécies de gramas (batatais – Paspalum notatum; esmeralda – Zoysia japonica e são-carlos – Axonopus compressus) em função da luminosidade. O trabalho foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos para cada espécie de grama em esquema de sub- parcela, no qual constituíram as parcelas as duas condições de luminosidade (100 e 70%) e a sub-parcela a aplicação do herbicida (125 g. i.a. ha-1), em quatro repetições. Decorridos 15 dias após a aplicação (DAA), foram medidas a altura e o crescimento lateral das plantas. Essas avaliações foram repetidas a cada 15 dias, até os 45 DAA. Nessa ocasião, determinou-se as massas secas da parte aérea e raízes das plantas. O herbicida fluazifop-p-butílico na dose de 125 g i.a. ha-1 não atua como regulador de crescimento das gramas esmeralda, batatais e são-carlos quando essas se desenvolvem a pleno sol. Sob 70% de luminosidade, o fluazifop-p-butílico foi mais efetivo em regular o crescimento da grama esmeralda, seguida da grama são-carlos e batatais, até os 45 dias após a aplicação.
ASSOCIAÇÃO DE HERBICIDAS PARA O MANEJO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM MILHO
Authors: Rezende Adilson Lemos , Galon Leandro , Berenchtein Bernardo , Forte Cesar Tiago , Rossetto Emanuel Rodrigo de Oliveira , Brunetto Leonardo , Silva Antônio Marcos Loureiro da , Favretto Emanuel Luis
Published: March 2021

O uso de herbicidas para o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho tem sido uma prática muito comum pelos produtores, sendo aplicados de modo isolado ou em mistura em tanque. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência, a fitotoxicidade, o efeito em características fisiológicas e produtivas do milho após a aplicação de herbicidas de modo isolado ou em mistura em tanque. O experimento foi instalado a campo, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Como tratamentos foram utilizados de forma isolada ou em mistura em tanque o glyphosate, [atrazine+simazine], nicosulfuron, mesotrione, tembotrione, mais uma testemunha capinada. Avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade dos herbicidas ao híbrido de milho AG 9025 PRO3, a eficiência no controle de papuã (Urochloa plantaginea) e milhã (Digitaria ciliaris) aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). Aos 50 DAT aferiu-se ainda as variáveis referentes às características fisiológicas do milho e na colheita determinou-se a produtividade de grãos. A fitotoxicidade ocasionada pelos herbicidas não foi perceptível ao híbrido de milho AG 9025 PRO3. O controle foi eficiente nos tratamentos que apresentaram a mistura em tanque de glyphosate com nicosulfuron e tembotrione. A taxa fotossintética aumentou com a aplicação de nicosulfuron e mesotrione ao se comparar com os demais tratamentos. A concentração interna de CO2, taxa de transpiração, condutância estomática de vapores de água, eficiência de carboxilação e uso eficiente da água não foram alteradas ao se usar os herbicidas isolados ou em mistura. A aplicação dos herbicidas não interferiu na produtividade de grãos de milho. A associação de glyphosate com outros herbicidas demonstra ser prática favorável para melhorar a eficácia de controle.
Endocrine Causes of Secondary Osteoporosis in Adults: Mechanisms and Evaluation
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Kumar Anshul , Sharma Balram , Purwar Naincy , Mathur Sandeep K , Saran Sanjay
Published: March 2021

Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are a major public health issue. Secondary osteoporosis is characterised by the presence of an underlying disease, deficiency, or use of a drug. Conditions that increase speculation for secondary osteoporosis include fragility fractures amongst the younger men or premenopausal women, markedly decreased Bone Mineral Density (BMD) values, and fractures despite conforming to anti-osteoporotic therapy. Since the emphasis is on the treatment of the primary disorder, a diagnosis of osteoporosis and thus the opportunity of preventive intervention can be missed. With this review, the authors objective is to emphasise the importance of secondary osteoporosis, discuss the causes and their mechanism and summarise treatment options.
Effect of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Pressure in Cataract Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala- A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Prathapan Manoj , Pambavasan Namrata , Thampi Smrithi Sony , Nair Smriti , George Leyanna Susan , Mathew Minu Maria
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Cataract is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. It is caused by the degeneration and opacification of the lens fibres. Phacoemulsification is the current treatment modality available for cataract. However, there is a possibility of an increase in the anterior chamber depth after phacoemulsification. This occurs as a result of the removal of the bulky lens matter and implantation of a thin intraocular lens, thereby reducing the intraocular pressure. Aim: To compare the preoperative and postoperative Intraocular Pressure (IOP) changes and the factors associated with intraocular pressure changes among patients who underwent phacoemulsification in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out among 610 patients, who underwent phacoemulsification surgery from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2017. Using a checklist, the following data such as age, sex, Date of Surgery, Last recorded preoperative intraocular pressure of both eyes, First recorded Postoperative intraocular pressure of both eyes any time after 3 months, Axial length, Grade of cataract and comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, glaucoma and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) was obtained from the hospital Information System. Data collected was entered into an MS Excel and was analysed using SPSS version 20. Frequency and percentages were calculated and association assessed using Chi-square test. Paired t-test was applied to find the mean changes in the IOP levels and p-value was ≤0.05, thus significant. Results: It was observed that there was a mean reduction of 7.907 mmHg in ocular hypertensives when compared to ocular normotensives following phacoemulsification. This finding was found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.001). There was association between grade of cataract and change in IOP which was significant with a p-value of 0.031. Conclusion: Phacoemulsification is the treatment of choice in patients with cataract. In the study, it was found that ocular hypertensives who underwent phacoemulsification had a significant drop in intraocular pressure post-surgery. Phacoemulsification can be employed in patients who have both ocular hypertension and cataract. This procedure can improve vision and in addition to having a positive effect on IOP reduction.
Prevalence of Obesity and Predictive Value of Central Obesity among Medical Doctors to Diagnose Hypertension
Authors: Okoro Tamaraemumoemi Emmanuella , Edafe Emmanuel Auchi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Central obesity has been shown to have worse health outcomes than general obesity and plays a greater role in the causation of cardiovascular diseases. Prevalence of central obesity is high in Nigeria and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Aim: To assess the prevalence of central obesity in medical doctors in Bayelsa state using four obesity indices and to determine the association between these indices and compare the ability of these indices to predict cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between August 2018 and January 2019. Using a structured self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from 244 randomly selected medical doctors. Data included socio-demographic information, work duration and professional cadre, Blood Pressure (BP) was taken. Anthropometric measures which included weight (in Kg), height (in metres), Waist Circumference (WC) and Hip Circumference (HC) in centimeters was taken. From the different measures: Waist-Hip Ratio (WHpR), Waist-Height Ratio (WHtR), Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Based on WHO recommended thresholds, WC, WHpR, WHtR and BMI were used in categorising participants as obese and non-obese. Correlation analysis was done and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: Most doctors in the study were less than 30-year-old (40.2%), married (54.9%) and female doctors made up a third of the respondents (29.9%). The mean age of study participants was 37.4 years (SD-11.3 years) and mean duration of medical practice was 9 years (SD-11.1 years). The prevalence of elevated BP was 26.6% using a BP threshold of ≥140/90 mmHg. The prevalence of obesity was 18.4% using BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Based on WC, WHtR, and WHpR categorisations, the prevalence of obesity was 44.3%, 58.2%, and 63.1%, respectively. The weakest relationship existed between BMI and BP (r=0.15; p=0.019); while the correlation coefficient (r) between WC and WHtR showed a very strong positive relationship (r=0.88; p=0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed all anthropometric indices obtained modest performances in predicting Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) risk as indicated by AUC values that were equal to or higher than 0.60. WC performed best in predicting hypertension in study participants (0.69) while BMI was the worst performer (0.60). Conclusion: A high prevalence of central obesity in medical doctors is worrisome given the associated cardiovascular risks. This study shows all four anthropometric indices (WC, WHtR, WHpR and BMI) are useful in predicting cardiovascular risk, with the best and worst predictors being WC and BMI, respectively.