bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A glow of HLA typing in organ transplantation
Authors: Mahdi Batool Mutar
Published: February 2013

The transplant of organs and tissues is one of the greatest curative achievements of this century. In organ transplantation, the adaptive immunity is considered the main response exerted to the transplanted tissue, since the main goal of the immune response is the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules expressed on the surface of donor cells. Cell surface molecules that induce an antigenic stimulus cause the rejection immune response to grafted tissue or organ. A wide variety of transplantation antigens have been described, including the major histocompatibility molecules, minor histocompatibility antigens, ABO blood group antigens and endothelial cell antigens. The sensitization to MHC antigens may be caused by transfusions, pregnancy, or failed previous grafts leading to development of anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies that are important factor responsible for graft rejection in solid organ transplantation and play a role in post‐transfusion complication Anti‐HLA Abs may be present in healthy individuals. Methods for HLA typing are described, including serological methods, molecular techniques of sequence‐specific priming (SSP), sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probing (SSOP), Sequence based typing (SBT) and reference strand‐based conformation analysis (RSCA) method. Problems with organ transplantation are reservoir of organs and immune suppressive treatments that used to decrease rate of rejection with less side effect and complications.
Different biokinetics of nanomedicines linking to their toxicity; an overview
Authors: Mostafalou Sara , Mohammadi Hamidreza , Ramazani Ali , Abdollahi Mohammad
Published: February 2013

In spite of the extreme rise to the knowledge of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, there are currently limited experimental works studying the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and the biological system. Adjustment of size and surface area plays the main role in the reaction between NPs and cells leading to their increased entrance into cells through skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory system. Moreover, change in physicochemical reactivity of NPs causes them to interact with circulatory and cellular proteins differentially leading to the altered parameters of their biokinetics, including adsorption, distribution, translocation, transformation, and elimination. A direct relationship between the surface area, reactive oxygen species generating capability, and proinflammatory effects of NPs have been found in respiratory tract toxicity. Additionally, complement-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to liposomes and other lipid-based nanodrugs have been well defined. Inhalation studies of some NPs have confirmed the translocation of inhaled materials to extra pulmonary organs such as central nervous system (CNS) via olfactory neurons and induction of inflammatory response. Injectable uncoated NPs have a tendency to remain on the injection site while the poly ethanol glycol (PEG)-coated NPs can be notably drained from the injection site to get as far as the lymph nodes where they accumulate. This confirms the existence of channels within the extracellular matrix for NPs to move along. Furthermore, induction of DNA strand breaks and formation of micronuclei have been recorded for exposure to some NPs such as single-walled carbon nanotubes.

In the recent years, most of the studies have simply outlined better efficacy of nanodrugs, but few discussed their possible toxic reactions specially if used chronically. Therefore, we emphasize that this part of the nanoscience must not be undermined and toxicologists must be sensitive to set up suitable in vivo or in vitro toxicity models. A system for collecting data about the relationships between NPs’ structure-size-efficacy-toxicity (SSET) should be specified with special regard to portal of entry and target organ.
In Vitro Apoptosis Enhancement of Hep-G2 Cells by PLA–TPGS and PLA–PEG Block Copolymer Encapsulated Curcumin Nanoparticles
Authors: Thu Ha Phuong , Quang Duong Tuan , Trang Mai Thi Thu , Ha Tran Thi Hong , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Phuc Nguyen Xuan , Nguyet Tran Thi Minh , Thong Phan Quoc , Tuyet Phan Thi Hong , Oanh Vuong Thi Kim , Huong Le Mai
Published: February 2013

Nanodrug systems containing curcumin (Cur) encapsulated with the block copolymers poly(lactide)-d-α-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (PLA–TPGS) and poly(lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA–PEG) have been prepared and characterized by infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Upon encapsulation, the highest solubility of Cur–PLA–TPGS and Cur–PLA–PGE dried powder was calculated as high as 2.40 and 2.20 mg mL−1, respectively, an increase of about 350-fold compared to that of Cur (6.79 µg mL−1). The antitumor assays (cytotoxic and antitumor-promoting assays) on Hep-G2 cellsof copolymer-encapsulated Cur nanoparticles showed the apoptotic activity due to the remarkable changes in size, morphology, and angiogenesis ability of tumor cells in all cases of the tested samples as compared with the control.
Helix-sense-selective Polymerization of Achiral Acetylene Monomer Catalyzed by Rh Zwitterionic Complexes with Tethered Chiral Amino and Ether Groups
Authors: Onishi Naoya , Aoki Toshiki , Kaneko Takashi , Teraguchi Masahiro , Sano Natsuhiro , Masuda Toshio , Shiotsuki Masashi , Sanda Fumio
Published: February 2013

Zwitterionic rhodium (Rh) complexes with tethered chiral amino and ether groups were synthesized by the reaction of [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 with the 2,5-norbornadiene tether, (CH2)4R [2: R = (R)-NHCH(CH3)Ph, 3: (R)-OCH(CH3)Ph], followed by exchange of Cl with BPh4. The resultant Rh complexes, 2 and 3, catalyzed the polymerization of 4-dodecyloxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetylene (1) to afford polymers [poly(1)s] with number-average molecular weights of 16000 and 82000, respectively. The poly(1)s showed clear circular dichroism resulting from their polyacetylene backbones, which indicates the formation of predominantly one-handed helical structures.
Novel Lipophilic Surfactant Adjuvants for Spray-Drift Reduction
Authors: Elsik Curtis M. , Schweiner Tammy M.
Published: February 2013

There are several types of drift-reduction technology (DRT) adjuvants commercially available. Natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers function by increasing extensional or shear viscosity. These polymers do a very good job reducing fines, but they can significantly increase volume median diameter (VMD) and broaden the particle-size distribution (PSD). Oil-based products produce emulsions that function to keep small spray drops from forming during the atomization process. A novel DRT adjuvant chemistry has been discovered that reduces fines without increasing VMD or broadening PSD significantly. This novel chemistry is lipophilic surfactants. These surfactants were tank mixed with a glyphosate dilution and their spray PSD was measured using a Sympatec HELOS/KF laser diffraction particle-size analyzer. The experimental procedure followed ASTM Standard Test Method E2798-11 [“Characterization of Performance of Spray Drift Reduction Adjuvants for Ground Application,” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.05, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011]. The standard uses measurements of particle-size distribution generated when the spray-tank mixture includes the pesticide formulation. The lipophilic surfactant used in this study was an alcohol alkoxylate. This surfactant significantly reduced fines by 40 % to 50 %, and it narrowed the particle-size distribution.
Manganese Containing Water Conditioners for Use with Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean
Authors: Penner Donald , Michael Jan , Boring Tim
Published: February 2013

Manganese (Mn) containing water conditioners have been developed and marketed with the intent of simultaneously alleviating Mn deficiency symptoms in glyphosate resistant soybean and protecting glyphosate from the negative effects of hard water cations on weed control. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the effect of several Mn containing water conditioners tank-mixed with glyphosate on weed control, and (2) to evaluate the Mn containing water conditioners for their ability to alleviate Mn deficiency in soybean. Manganese deficient field soils and a commercial potting mix were used to grow plants in greenhouse experiments. Field studies were established on a site with a history of Mn deficiency in soybean. Glyphosate and various commercial water conditioners were applied alone or in tank-mixtures using sprayers. In both greenhouse and field studies, all Mn containing water conditioners reduced glyphosate efficacy compared to water conditioners without Mn. However, not all Mn-containing products were equally antagonistic to glyphosate efficacy. Application of a Mn containing water conditioners tank-mixed with glyphosate overcame Mn deficiency in soybean plants in both greenhouse and field experiments.
A Novel Penetrator Adjuvant with Drift Reduction Properties
Authors: Sun Jinxia S.
Published: February 2013

Using activator adjuvants with agrochemicals to improve their bioefficacy is an important practice in agriculture. Adjuvants—mostly crop oil concentrates—are needed to ensure the bioefficacy of herbicides from the class of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Accase) inhibitors. Because of regulatory pressure from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the development and testing of drift technologies has come to the forefront of U.S. application research in the past few years. However, the majority of the drift control agents on the market aim only to reduce the percentage of fine droplets in the spray spectra. There is a strong market need to combine both activator and delivery technology to develop a dual-function adjuvant. The objective of this research was to develop a novel penetrator adjuvant with built-in drift control properties. The adjuvant was based on a crop oil concentrate (COC). Spray droplet spectra for the new adjuvant were determined in still-air conditions using a Sympatec Helos laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The biological effects of this new adjuvant were investigated in comparison to a commercial COC, Agri-Dex, in greenhouse bioassays using fluazifop on green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and clethodim on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). The novel COC affected green foxtail and barnyardgrass similarly as the traditional COC, but at half the typical COC rate. In addition, the new adjuvant significantly reduced the percentage of fine droplets (<105 μm) without negatively affecting the entire spray pattern.
Fabric Challenge Assays: New Standards for the Evaluation of the Performance of Textiles Treated with Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Hardwick Matthew , Walsh Thomas , Cotton Margaret
Published: February 2013

Textiles treated with antimicrobial agents are emerging as new strategies to reduce acquisition of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Essential to development/validation of these textiles are standard methods for the testing antimicrobial textile efficacy. Our laboratory has developed new testing methods, the fabric challenge assays, to recapitulate each transmission method and test the efficacy of antimicrobial textiles in a more “real world” simulation. 5 × 105 colony-forming units/ml (CFU/ml) MRSA suspensions were grown. 15 × 15 cm2 swatches of control, antimicrobial, hydrophobic barrier, and VTT003 fabric were inoculated with MRSA either by aerosol, splatter, or direct contact. Inoculated fabric was left at room temperature for 0, 30, or 60 min. Fabric was then transferred to buffer and shaken for 3 min at 400 rpm. A liquid suspension (0.1 ml) was then plated onto blood agar, grown overnight at 37°C, and colonies were counted. In the aerosol test, at 0 min, VTT003 significantly reduced MRSA by 78.52 ± 10.26 % compared to control fabric. At 30 min, antimicrobial reduced MRSA levels by 91.48 ± 8.52 %. In the splatter test, at 0 min, antimicrobial, hydrophobic barrier, and VTT003 fabrics reduced MRSA levels by 98.56 ± 1.44, 83.91 ± 13.16, and 100.00 ± 0.03 %, respectively. At 30 min, hydrophobic barrier and VTT003 reduced levels by 82.63 ± 17.37 and 100.00 ± 0.00 %, respectively. At 60 min, hydrophobic barrier and VTT003 abrogated MRSA levels. In the contact test, at 0 min, hydrophobic barrier and VTT003 reduced MRSA levels by 99.06 ± 0.94 and 97.08 ± 2.92 %, respectively. At 30 min, hydrophobic barrier and VTT003 reduced MRSA levels by 100.00 ± 0.03 and 19.38 ± 19.38 %, respectively. At 60 min, hydrophobic barrier and VTT003 abrogated MRSA levels. The fabric challenge assays are a novel method for evaluation of antimicrobial textile performance and should be considered in the development of standards and testing methods for all antimicrobial textiles intended for use in healthcare infection control strategies.
Triiodotironina não aumenta a diferenciação osteogênica reduzida pela idade de células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea de ratas
Authors: Boeloni Jankerle Neves , Ocarino Natalia Melo , Goes Alfredo Miranda , Serakides Rogéria
Published: February 2013

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a adição de T3 aumenta o potencial osteogênico das células-tronco mesenquimais da medula óssea (CTM-MO) de ratas adultas normais comparado ao de ratas jovens. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: CTM-MO foram cultivadas em meio osteogênico e separadas em seis grupos: 1) CTM-MO de ratas jovens; 2) CTM-MO de ratas adultas; 3, 4, 5 e 6) CTM-MO de ratas adultas com T3 nas concentrações de 0,01; 1; 100 e 1000 nM, respectivamente. Foram avaliados: atividade da fosfatase alcalina, conversão do dimetiltiazol (MTT) e síntese de colágeno aos sete, 14 e 21 dias e celularidade e número de nódulos de mineralização aos 21 dias de diferenciação. RESULTADOS: T3 reduziu significativamente a conversão do MTT, a atividade da fosfatase alcalina, a síntese de colágeno e a formação dos nódulos de mineralização em pelo menos uma das doses e dos períodos estudados (p < 0,05). Os valores foram menores quando comparados aos das CTM-MO de ratas jovens e adultas sem T3 (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: T3 apresenta efeitos negativos sobre os fatores envolvidos na diferenciação osteogênica das CTM-MO de ratas adultas.
Disfunção tiróidea e amiodarona
Authors: Lima Jandira , Carvalho Patrícia , Molina M. Auxiliadora , Rebelo Marta , Dias Patrícia , Vieira José Diniz , Costa José M. Nascimento
Published: February 2013

Apesar de a maioria dos doentes tratados com amiodarona permanecer em eutiroidia, alguns desenvolvem hipertiroidismo (HPEIA) ou hipotiroidismo (HPOIA) induzidos pela amiodarona. Os autores apresentam uma análise retrospectiva dos processos de dez doentes com disfunção tiróidea induzida pela amiodarona. Verificou-se que seis doentes eram mulheres e que o tempo médio de toma da amiodarona foi de 17,7 meses. O HPOIA foi o mais frequente (seis doentes). Dos doentes com HPEIA, dois tinham HPEIA tipo 2, um tipo 1 e um tipo 3. Sintomas sugestivos de disfunção tiróidea ocorreram em cinco doentes, a maioria com HPOIA. No HPEIA, a clínica mais comum foi exacerbação da arritmia de base (três doentes). A interrupção da amiodarona e administração de levotiroxina foi a terapêutica escolhida em 83,3% dos casos de HPOIA, enquanto a tionamida associada a corticoide com suspensão da amiodarona foi opção em 75% dos casos de HPEIA. Registraram-se três óbitos, todos com HPEIA. O HPEIA constituiu uma complicação potencialmente fatal. A clínica pode ser vaga, pelo que a monitorização da função tiróidea é obrigatória.
Manejo do dossel vegetativo e seu efeito nos componentes de produção da videira Merlot
Authors: Miele Alberto , Mandelli Francisco
Published: February 2013

A poda verde é uma prática cultural utilizada para melhorar as condições do dossel vegetativo dos vinhedos, visando a favorecer a qualidade da uva e do vinho. Nesse sentido, realizou-se este experimento entre as safras de 1993/1994 e 1996/1997, com diferentes modalidades de poda verde, num vinhedo do cv. Merlot conduzido em latada. Houve 12 tratamentos e três repetições, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da testemunha e de 11 diferentes modalidades de poda verde, ou seja, desbrota, desponta e desfolha, algumas delas em diferentes épocas do ciclo vegetativo da videira. O componente principal 1, da análise de componentes principais (ACP) feita em cada ano, separadamente, mostra que o tratamento 10 (desbrota + desponta + desfolha realizada no início da floração, eliminando-se as folhas abaixo dos cachos) discriminou-se nos quatro anos, e os tratamentos 7 (desfolha realizada 21 dias antes da colheita, eliminando-se metade das folhas abaixo dos cachos) e 6 (desfolha realizada 21 dias antes da colheita, eliminando-se as folhas abaixo dos cachos), em três deles; a ACP da média dos quatro anos também evidencia essa discriminação entre eles. Constata-se que o tratamento 10 foi um dos que tiveram intensidade de poda verde mais intensa, caracterizando-se por variáveis indicativas de plantas com vigor e produtividade mais baixos que os demais.
Produtividade e qualidade de frutos de progênies de maracujazeiro-azedo cultivados no Distrito Federal
Authors: Coimbra Karuliny das Graças , Peixoto José Ricardo , Sousa Marcelo Alves de Figueiredo de , Junqueira Nilton Tadeu Vilela
Published: February 2013

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos de progênies de maracujazeiro-azedo cultivados no Distrito Federal. Foi conduzido na Fazenda Água Limpa-UnB, utilizando-se de delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos (progênies), 04 repetições, sendo a parcela útil de oito plantas. As progênies avaliadas foram: Vermelhão Ingaí, EC-RAM, AR01, AR02, mar20#36, mar20#46, AP1, FP01, FB200, RC3, GA2-A1*AG, mar20#03, mar20#23 e mar20#09. As características analisadas em 75 colheitas foram: produtividade (kg/ha), massa média de frutos (g), número de frutos por hectare, coloração da casca e classificação quanto ao tamanho. Houve maior rendimento em Vermelhão Ingaí, EC-RAM e AR01. O Vermelhão Ingaí produziu a maior quantidade de frutos por hectare, estatisticamente superior aos demais. O EC-RAM obteve o maior número de frutos rosa e roxo. Todas as progênies apresentaram maior produção de frutos de cor amarela. O peso médio total variou de 83 g em mar20#36 e 128 g em EC-RAM. A maior produtividade de frutos para fins industriais foi verificado em Vermelhão Ingaí com frutos de primeira e mar20#46 com frutos 1B. Já para consumo in natura foi observado em AR02 com frutos 1A e 2 A e em AR01 com frutos 3 A.
Correlação fenotípica entre caracteres de híbridos diploides (AA) de bananeira
Authors: Lessa Lauro Saraiva , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva , Amorim Edson Perito , Silva Sebastião de Oliveira e
Published: February 2013

O estudo de correlação tem como propósito mensurar a alteração em um caráter quando se altera outro. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar correlações fenotípicas entre o número de frutos por cacho e 22 caracteres avaliados em híbridos diploides (AA) de bananeira. No experimento, conduzido na Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, foram avaliados 11 híbridos diploides (AA) de bananeira. Os caracteres avaliados foram: altura de plantas, diâmetro do pseudocaule, número de filhos, número de folhas na floração, período do plantio ao florescimento, presença de pólen, peso do cacho e da ráquis, sigatoka-amarela no florescimento, número de folhas na colheita, Sigatoka-amarela na colheita do cacho, número de dias do florescimento à colheita, comprimento e diâmetro do engaço, peso da segunda penca, número de pencas e de frutos por cacho, fragilidade do pedicelo, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto e comprimento do pedicelo, além de presença de semente. Após a tabulação, procederam-se a estudos de correlação entre o número de frutos e os demais caracteres da planta. Essas correlações variaram entre os genótipos, sendo assim, observado que as associações entre o número de frutos e os caracteres vegetativos da planta foram, de forma geral, não significativas. Já as relações entre o número de frutos por cacho e os outros caracteres produtivos foram, predominantemente, significativas.
Constituintes químicos das frações de lichia in natura e submetidas à secagem: potencial nutricional dos subprodutos
Authors: Queiroz Estela de Rezende , Abreu Celeste Maria Patto de , Oliveira Kelly da Silva
Published: February 2013

A lichieira (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) é uma planta da família das Sapindáceas, perfeitamente adaptada às condições climáticas brasileiras e pouco estudada quanto à composição química de seus frutos, sobretudo das frações casca e semente, frequentemente descartadas pela indústria e consumidores. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar os constituintes químicos das frações casca, polpa e semente in natura, e da casca e semente submetidas à secagem a 45ºC. Cada fração foi avaliada em sete repetições (de 20 frutos), quanto à massa e à proporção de cada fração em relação ao fruto inteiro, à composição centesimal, ao valor energético total (VET) e aos parâmetros químicos e fisico-químicos: sólidos solúveis, pH e acidez titulável. As frações casca e semente de lichia, juntas, representam cerca de 50% da massa do fruto. A casca e a semente da lichia apresentam elevados VETs e teores de carboidratos. A casca possui os maiores teores de fibra (bruta e alimentar), lipídeos, cinzas e proteínas, e a polpa apresenta maior acidez, menor pH e maiores teores de sólidos solúveis. A secagem aumentou o pH da semente e os teores de sólidos solúveis da casca e semente. As frações de lichia apresentaram elevados potenciais energéticos e nutricionais, podendo ser aproveitadas como fonte alternativa de nutrientes, desde que não apresentem fatores antinutricionais em quantidades prejudiciais ao organismo.
Diferentes composições de substratos e ambientes protegidos na formação de mudas de pé-franco de tamarindeiro
Authors: Costa Edilson , Ferreira Antonio Flávio Arruda , Silva Priscilla Nátaly de Lima , Nardelli Evandro Michel Valero
Published: February 2013

O tamarindeiro é uma frutífera importante ocorrente no Cerrado brasileiro e com sistema radicular profundo e possui resistência à seca prolongada. Seus frutos são utilizados na culinária; suas sementes, em forragem animal, e seu óleo, na indústria farmacêutica. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a formação de mudas de pé-franco de tamarindeiro, em diferentes composições de substratos e ambientes protegidos. As mudas foram produzidas em estufa agrícola, coberta com filme de polietileno de baixa densidade de 150 μm e tela termorrefletora de 50% de sombreamento sob o filme; viveiro com tela preta de monofilamento de 50% de sombreamento e viveiro com tela termorrefletora de 50% de sombreamento. Em cada ambiente de cultivo, foram testados os substratos: 100% de solo; 80% de solo e 20% de composto orgânico; 60% de solo e 40% de composto orgânico; 40% de solo e 60% de composto orgânico; 20% de solo e 80% de composto orgânico, e 100% de composto orgânico. O efeito do ambiente foi examinado usando procedimento estatístico para análise de experimentos combinados (grupos de experimentos). Dentro dos ambientes, um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado foi adotado, com oito repetições. O substrato com 80% de solo e 20% de Organosuper® foi o mais propício para a formação das mudas. A estufa agrícola foi o melhor ambiente para a formação das mudas de tamarindeiro.
Germinação e vigor de sementes de Crataeva tapia L. em diferentes substratos e temperaturas
Authors: Alves Edna Ursulino , Santos-Moura Sueli da Silva , Moura Mácio Farias de , Guedes Roberta Sales , Estrela Francisco Abrantes
Published: February 2013

Crataeva tapia L., espécie florestal pertencente à família Caparidaceae, conhecida popularmente como trapiá, é uma árvore frutífera de múltiplos usos na medicina popular, como madeireira e árvore ornamental. Dessa forma, objetivou-se definir substratos e temperaturas para condução de testes de germinação e vigor com sementes de C. tapia. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 5 x 6, com os fatores temperaturas (20; 25; 30; 35 °C constantes e 20-30 °C alternada) e substratos (papel toalha, sobre papel mata borrão, areia, vermiculita, bioplant® e plantmax®), em quatro repetições de 25 sementes. As características analisadas foram: porcentagem, primeira contagem e índice de velocidade de germinação, bem como comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. Para a germinação das sementes de C. tapia, recomenda-se a temperatura de 20-30 °C em todos os substratos testados, exceto sobre papel mata borrão. O papel toalha proporcionou a maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes quando comparados aos demais substratos.
Cuidados com a infância e a adolescência por meio de brinquedoteca comunitária
Authors: Jurdi Andrea Perosa Saigh , Amiralian Maria Lucia Toledo Moraes
Published: February 2013

Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar uma intervenção baseada no referencial da teoria winnicottiana, em uma brinquedoteca comunitária que atende crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Seguiu-se a metodologia da pesquisaação, cuja estratégia consistiu em supervisão de estagiários e brinquedistas, coleta de dados por documentos, relatos e narrativas de moradores, pesquisa bibliográfica e intervenção na brinquedoteca. Como resultado avaliou-se que as relações que se estabeleceram, baseadas na confiabilidade, fidedignidade e constância das ações, proveram as crianças e adolescentes de um ambiente humano que permitiu o brincar espontâneo e criativo, tornando-os menos vulneráveis frente aos desafios encontrados. A intervenção baseada nos pressupostos da teoria winnicottiana possibilitou ampliar o trabalho para além das relações individuais e fortalecer as práticas coletivas, criando estratégias de composição entre o campo da saúde e do social.
Formação profissional e futuro: expectativas dos adolescentes aprendizes
Authors: Macêdo Orlando Júnior Viana , Alberto Maria de Fátima Pereira , Araujo Anísio José da Silva
Published: February 2013

Neste artigo discute-se o que os adolescentes aprendizes esperam do futuro. Participaram do estudo 16 sujeitos, de 14 a 18 anos, tanto do sexo masculino quanto feminino, do curso de Serviços Administrativos do Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem do Comércio. Recorreu-se à metodologia qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas, individuais e coletivas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática. As falas denotaram que adolescentes almejam profissões de nível superior e mesmo de nível médio e que o Programa pode ajudá-los a realizar tais expectativas, pela experiência e disciplinamento. Percebe-se uma subjetividade engendrada como resíduo, no processo de produção de uma sociedade modelada sob a lógica do capital, de forma que os sujeitos, ao serem adestrados ao mundo do trabalho, parecem não conseguir ressignificar seus sonhos e desejos, nem perceber que estes se constituem, também, na relação com o mundo social, assim escamoteando as causas estruturais de seu sucesso ou fracasso.
Relações entre o temperamento infantil aos oito meses e as práticas educativas maternas aos 18 meses de vida da criança
Authors: Malhado Sâmia de Carliris Barbosa , Alvarenga Patrícia
Published: February 2013

Este estudo investigou as relações entre características do temperamento infantil, avaliadas aos oito meses de vida do bebê, e as práticas educativas maternas, avaliadas aos 18 meses da criança. Participaram 28 díades mãe-criança, com bebês saudáveis do sexo masculino e de nível socioeconômico baixo, residentes em Salvador. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Temperamento Infantil Revisado e a Entrevista Estruturada sobre Práticas Educativas Maternas. A análise de conteúdo permitiu a classificação das práticas educativas maternas em práticas facilitadoras e não facilitadoras do desenvolvimento social. Embora tenham sido encontradas correlações moderadas entre as dimensões limiar de resposta e aproximação-retraimento e o escore total de temperamento e as práticas educativas maternas, a análise de regressão não confirmou nenhuma dessas relações. Discute-se a relevância de variáveis moderadoras e mediadoras e, ainda, particularidades do instrumento utilizado para a avaliação do temperamento.
Sociedade Internacional: a construção de um conceito
Authors: Mendonça Bruno Macedo
Published: February 2013

O artigo discute os argumentos da Escola Inglesa de Relações Internacionais e de outros autores acerca da existência de uma suposta sociedade internacional. Objetiva-se expor quais os pilares teóricos que sustentariam a utilização do conceito, criticando, paralelamente, as deficiências da abordagem inglesa e a dissociação de seus aportes daqueles que poderiam ter sido trazidos pela disciplina da Sociologia. O método é analítico-discursivo, com a revisão de autores relevantes que se debruçaram sobre o tema. Argumenta-se que existem subsídios suficientes para a sustentação teórica do conceito, os quais serão analisados por tópicos. Os aportes da disciplina de Relações Internacionais desaguam em um conceito de sociedade internacional exageradamente focado no caráter estatal desta, o que não condiz com a realidade de um mundo cada vez mais complexo nas suas interações em todos os níveis, tanto estatal quanto individual. É necessário que a academia discuta uma concepção de sociedade mais vinculada aos valores e instrumentos da abordagem sociológica. Propõe-se, ao final do artigo, uma ampliação conceitual que possa agregar o elemento individual e, conseqüentemente, as contribuições da teoria social.
Caracterização química e mineralógica da incrustação em rede de ferro fundido e potencial de recuperação da capacidade hidráulica
Authors: Moruzzi Rodrigo Braga , Conceição Fabiano Tomazini da , Navarro Guillermo Rafael Beltran , Zanardo Antenor
Published: February 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar química e mineralogicamente os depósitos em rede de ferro fundido e avaliado o potencial de recuperação da capacidade hidráulica em tubulação altamente comprometida pela incrustação. Para tal, foram feitas medidas do coeficiente de resistência (pitometria em trecho isolado de 71 m), análises química ( P-ES e ICP-MS), mineralógicas (laminação, difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica), dureza (escala de Mohs) e simulações em setor hipotético com cenários distintos (de C1 a C4) de troca e substituição da rede. Os resultados indicaram que a rede altamente comprometida tem potencial limitado de recuperação (de 3,9 a 14,0 m0,367.s-1). As caracterizações química e mineralógica indicaram Magnetita e Goethita, com dureza da ordem de 6 na escala Mohs. As simulações demonstraram potências relativas (razões Ci/C1) da ordem de 86,00, 1,00 e 0,02% em relação ao cenário atual.
A influência das perdas auditivas sensorioneurais na ordenação temporal
Authors: Matos Giselle Goulart de Oliveira , Frota Silvana
Published: February 2013

OBJETIVO: avaliar a ordenação temporal em adultos com perdas auditivas sensorioneurais de graus leve e moderado, por meio do teste Padrão de Duração, a fim de verificar se essas perdas influenciam no desempenho do teste. MÉTODO: foram avaliados 57 pacientes, com idades entre 20 a 59 anos, sendo 30 homens e 27 mulheres. Todos responderam a anamnese, passaram por avaliação otorrinolaringológica, avaliação audiológica básica e triagem do processamento auditivo, com o teste Dicótico de Dígitos. Os participantes foram alocados em 3 grupos: G1 (audição normal para as médias de 0,5/1/2 KHz e de 3/4/6 KHz), G2 (perda auditiva de grau leve em pelo menos uma das médias) e G3 (perda de grau moderado em pelo menos uma das médias). A comparação foi realizada entre a audição normal e a presença da perda auditiva (G2+G3) e entre os três grupos descritos. O índice de normalidade utilizado foi de 70% de acertos. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes não-paramétricos de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis, Análise de Variância "one-way", t de Student, Qui-quadrado. O critério de determinação de significância adotado foi o nível de 5%. RESULTADOS: observou-se presença significante de homens no grupo com perda auditiva. A porcentagem de acertos da amostra geral foi de 62,3% e não ocorreu diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: a habilidade de ordenação temporal avaliada pelo teste Padrão de Duração não sofre influência da perda auditiva sensorioneural de grau leve e moderado.
Supervising Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Practitioners in Urban Brazil
Authors: Bakos Daniela Schneider , Kristensen Christian Haag
Published: February 2013

There is growing interest in the study of supervision as a core aspect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) learning and practice. Standard models of CBT supervision generally contain some components of the following structure: teaching therapist conceptualization skills, interpersonal processes to build a collaborative therapeutic relationship, clinical procedures, and treatment protocols presenting specific procedures for particular problems. As is true for CBT practice, supervision is affected by the cultural context, including macrostructures (e.g., social and economic aspects) and microstructures (e.g., the institution where training is provided). The main goals of this article are (a) to review some of the key elements in clinical supervision of CBT practitioners, (b) to postulate sources of cultural variation that may affect CBT supervision in Brazil, and (c) to illustrate differences between CBT supervision models proposed in the literature and the practice of supervision carried out in Brazil.
UCP2 Regulates the Glucagon Response to Fasting and Starvation
Authors: Allister Emma M. , Robson-Doucette Christine A. , Prentice Kacey J. , Hardy Alexandre B. , Sultan Sobia , Gaisano Herbert Y. , Kong Dong , Gilon Patrick , Herrera Pedro L. , Lowell Bradford B. , Wheeler Michael B.
Published: February 2013

Glucagon is important for maintaining euglycemia during fasting/starvation, and abnormal glucagon secretion is associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanisms of hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that global deletion of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2−/−) in mice impaired glucagon secretion from isolated islets. Therefore, UCP2 may contribute to the regulation of hypoglycemia-induced glucagon secretion, which is supported by our current finding that UCP2 expression is increased in nutrient-deprived murine and human islets. Further to this, we created α-cell–specific UCP2 knockout (UCP2AKO) mice, which we used to demonstrate that blood glucose recovery in response to hypoglycemia is impaired owing to attenuated glucagon secretion. UCP2-deleted α-cells have higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to enhanced mitochondrial coupling, which translated into defective stimulus/secretion coupling. The effects of UCP2 deletion were mimicked by the UCP2 inhibitor genipin on both murine and human islets and also by application of exogenous ROS, confirming that changes in oxidative status and electrical activity directly reduce glucagon secretion. Therefore, α-cell UCP2 deletion perturbs the fasting/hypoglycemic glucagon response and shows that UCP2 is necessary for normal α-cell glucose sensing and the maintenance of euglycemia.
Hyperglycemia Mediates a Shift From Cap-Dependent to Cap-Independent Translation Via a 4E-BP1–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Dennis Michael D. , Shenberger Jeffrey S. , Stanley Bruce A. , Kimball Scot R. , Jefferson Leonard S.
Published: February 2013

Diabetes and its associated hyperglycemia induce multiple changes in liver function, yet we know little about the role played by translational control of gene expression in mediating the responses to these conditions. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that hyperglycemia-induced O-GlcNAcylation of the translational regulatory protein 4E-BP1 alters hepatic gene expression through a process involving the selection of mRNA for translation. In both streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice and cells in culture exposed to hyperglycemic conditions, expression of 4E-BP1 and its interaction with the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E were enhanced in conjunction with downregulation of cap-dependent and concomitant upregulation of cap-independent mRNA translation, as assessed by a bicistronic luciferase reporter assay. Phlorizin treatment of STZ-treated mice lowered blood glucose concentrations and reduced activity of the cap-independent reporter. Notably, the glucose-induced shift from cap-dependent to cap-independent mRNA translation did not occur in cells lacking 4E-BP1. The extensive nature of this shift in translational control of gene expression was revealed using pulsed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture to identify proteins that undergo altered rates of synthesis in response to hyperglycemia. Taken together, these data provide evidence for a novel mechanism whereby O-GlcNAcylation of 4E-BP1 mediates translational control of hepatic gene expression.
Randomized Study Comparing a Basal-Bolus With a Basal Plus Correction Insulin Regimen for the Hospital Management of Medical and Surgical Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Smiley Dawn , Hermayer Kathie , Khan Amna , Olson Darin E. , Newton Christopher , Jacobs Sol , Rizzo Monica , Peng Limin , Reyes David , Pinzon Ingrid , Fereira Maria Eugenia , Hunt Vicky , Gore Ashwini , Toyoshima Marcos T. , Fonseca Vivian A.
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE

Effective and easily implemented insulin regimens are needed to facilitate hospital glycemic control in general medical and surgical patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This multicenter trial randomized 375 patients with T2D treated with diet, oral antidiabetic agents, or low-dose insulin (≤0.4 units/kg/day) to receive a basal-bolus regimen with glargine once daily and glulisine before meals, a basal plus regimen with glargine once daily and supplemental doses of glulisine, and sliding scale regular insulin (SSI).

RESULTS

Improvement in mean daily blood glucose (BG) after the first day of therapy was similar between basal-bolus and basal plus groups (P = 0.16), and both regimens resulted in a lower mean daily BG than did SSI (P = 0.04). In addition, treatment with basal-bolus and basal plus regimens resulted in less treatment failure (defined as >2 consecutive BG >240 mg/dL or a mean daily BG >240 mg/dL) than did treatment with SSI (0 vs. 2 vs. 19%, respectively; P < 0.001). A BG <70 mg/dL occurred in 16% of patients in the basal-bolus group, 13% in the basal plus group, and 3% in the SSI group (P = 0.02). There was no difference among the groups in the frequency of severe hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL; P = 0.76).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of a basal plus regimen with glargine once daily plus corrective doses with glulisine insulin before meals resulted in glycemic control similar to a standard basal-bolus regimen. The basal plus approach is an effective alternative to the use of a basal-bolus regimen in general medical and surgical patients with T2D.
Sustainable Agriculture: A Challenge in Bangladesh
Authors: Faroque MAA , Kashem MA , Bilkis SE
Published: February 2013

The sustainability of conventional agriculture in Bangladesh is under threat from the continuous degradation of land and water resources, and from declining yields due to indiscriminate use of agro-chemicals. Government is pursuing efforts to promote sustainable agriculture with emphasis on better use of on-farm resources and the reduction of external inputs. This paper presents four dimensions of agricultural sustainability as productivity, environmental stability, economical profitability, and social and economic equity. Six characters were selected to evaluate sustainability. Significant differences were found between the two systems (conventional and sustainable agriculture) in crop diversification, soil fertility management, pests and diseases management, use of agrochemicals and environmental issues. However, no significant variations were found in other indicators such as land-use pattern, crop yield and stability, risk and uncertainties, and food security. Although crop yield and financial return were found to be slightly higher in the conventional system, the economic return and value addition per unit of land did not show any difference. It can be suggested that sustainable agriculture has a tendency towards becoming environmental, economically and socially more sound than conventional agriculture, as it requires considerably less agro-chemicals, adds more organic matter to the soil, provides balanced food, and requires higher local inputs without markedly compromising output and financial benefits. Broad-policy measures, including the creation of mass awareness of adverse health effects of agrochemical-based products, are outlined for the promotion of sustainable agriculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13922 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 1-8, December, 2011
Yield Performances and Cup Quality of Some BTRI Test Clones of Tea
Authors: Hossain MI , Dutta MJ , Khan AQ , Mamun MSA , Rana MM
Published: February 2013

A long term experiment was conducted to investigate the yield and quality performances of four vegetative propagated test clones of tea coded as A/8/01, A/17/22, A/22/27 and A/22/40 at Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) farm during 1996-2010. A standard clone BT1 was considered as control. Cuttings of the test clones were collected from the selected bushes of Amo tea estates and were raised at BTRI nursery. Then saplings were put to long term yield and quality trial following Latin Square Design (LSD) with 3 replications. The green leaf was harvested at weekly interval during the plucking season starting from mid March to mid December throughout the experimental period. Yield data were recorded and analyzed statistically using MSTAT programme. Results of the experiment revealed that among the test clones A/22/40 gave the highest significant yield of 3509.1 kg ha-1 of made tea followed by BT1 (3203.69 kg ha-1), A/8/01 (2912.24 kg ha-1), A/17/22 (2817.76 kg ha-1) and A/22/27 (2278.78 kg ha-1) from the average of 9 years (2002-2010) at mature stage. At immature stage i.e. 1st year to 5th year after plantation yield difference was insignificant. The overall cup quality of the test clones was assessed by conventional organoleptic test. The cup quality of A/8/01, A/17/22, A/22/40 as well as the standard clone BT1 was found to be above average (AA) while the cup quality of A/22/27 was average (A). Considering the yield and quality potentials, the test clone A/22/40 has appeared quite promising to be released as a standard clone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13925 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 24-28, December, 2011
Distribution of Natural Enemies in Herbivores of Oilseed Rape Fields in Sweden
Authors: Halder AC
Published: February 2013

Natural enemies play an important role to control the pest population of a crop field by killing the pest directly or indirectly by parasitism. By knowing the dispersal ability of natural enemies could be effective biocontrol tool for controlling the harmful pest. Vegetated field margins have been suggested as a shelter of natural enemies. Natural enemies like ground beetle, rove beetle, parasitoid and spider dispersal ability from the field margin to inside the oilseed rape field was analyzed by doing this study. All insects were collected from the oilseed rape fields of Southern Sweden. This study showed that parasitoid abundance was higher near the field margin compare to the deep field. Distribution of ground beetle, rove beetle and spider was almost the same all over the field. Parasitoids could be effective to control the oilseed rape pest near the field margin as a biocontrol aspect whereas rove beetle, ground beetle and spider could be a used biocontrol tools for all over the field. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13927 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 29-36, December, 2011
Study of Shoot Multiplication of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa)
Authors: Zobayer Nayem , Prodhan Shamsul H , Sikdar Saif U , Azim Fazle , Ashrafuzzaman M
Published: February 2013

Effects of different hormonal concentration on multiple shoot formation of RABI Strawberry-3 were studied. Where the explants were runner tips that cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 6-Benzyl Adenine and Kinetin. The maximum percentage 80% of shoot was obtained from Benzyl Adenine concentrations of 0.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l whereas Kinetin concentrations were 1.5 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l separately. More promising result was found by combining two impressive concentrations of each hormone. When MS basal media was supplemented with Kinetin 2.0mg/l + Benzyl Adenin A 0.5 mg/l, Kinetin 1.5 mg/l + Benzyl Adenine 0.5 mg/l and Kinetin 1.5 mg/l + Benzyl Adenine 1.0 mg/l respectively then 100% shoots were obtained. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13936 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 69-72, December, 2011
The RJ Style: Brought to you by Bangladeshi FM radio
Authors: Ahmed Sabreena , Tinny Farhana Zamil
Published: February 2013

In recent years, the popularity of FM Radio stations has brought a unique change in speech style among the Bangladeshi youth. This paper compares the views of both the Radio Jockeys (RJ) and the young listeners to find out to what extent this phenomenon of RJ Speech influences the speech of the youth. The authors of the paper have selected 110 tertiary students randomly to collect their opinions through a questionnaire. Besides, seven RJs of four radio stations were interviewed and recordings of different programmes of the four FM radio stations were analysed to trace the new slang words and pronunciations used in this new style of speaking. The findings show that the young listeners think that they use this style both consciously and unconsciously. They sometimes take up this obviously made up accent to become a part of the popular and stylish group of friends on campus. On the other hand, the RJs do not want to admit that they are adversely influencing standard Bangla. They claim that it is up to the listeners to take the good or bad part of a programme and RJs will always adhere to their unique style. Stamford Journal of English; Volume 6; Page 1-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v6i0.13899
Using Shakespearean drama for creative writing in ESL class room: Some techniques and suggestions
Authors: Islam Imrana
Published: February 2013

Stamford Journal of English; Volume 6; Page 164-176 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v6i0.13911
Problems of Using Texts with Unfamiliar Cultural and Social Context in English Language Learning
Authors: Matin Zakia Noor
Published: February 2013

Stamford Journal of English; Volume 6; Page 203-218 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sje.v6i0.13914