bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pediatric Home Care/Expenditure Classification Model (P/ECM): A Home Care Case-Mix Model for Children Facing Special Health Care Challenges
Authors: Phillips Charles D.
Published: December 2015

Case-mix classification and payment systems help assure that persons with similar needs receive similar amounts of care resources, which is a major equity concern for consumers, providers, and programs. Although health service programs for adults regularly use case-mix payment systems, programs providing health services to children and youth rarely use such models. This research utilized Medicaid home care expenditures and assessment data on 2,578 children receiving home care in one large state in the USA. Using classification and regression tree analyses, a case-mix model for long-term pediatric home care was developed. The Pediatric Home Care/Expenditure Classification Model (P/ECM) grouped children and youth in the study sample into 24 groups, explaining 41% of the variance in annual home care expenditures. The P/ECM creates the possibility of a more equitable, and potentially more effective, allocation of home care resources among children and youth facing serious health care challenges.
Cenas da enunciação e ethos em narrativas sobre a expedição Roncador-Xingu: uma análise discursiva
Authors: Sancho Karla Amorim , Baronas Roberto Leiser
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho, à luz da Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa, debruçou-se  sobre  sequências  discursivas  que  constituem  o  livro  A  Marcha  para  o Oeste:  a  epopeia  da  Expedição  Roncador-Xingu,  que  relata  os  principais acontecimentos  da  expedição  que  os  Irmãos  Villas-Bôas  conduziram  pelas entranhas  do  Brasil  Central.  Nessa  perspectiva,  nosso  estudo  objetivou investigar (por meio das categorias de análise: cena da enunciação e ethos) os recursos linguístico-discursivos mobilizados na narrativa. Este resumo de dissertação propõe-se a divulgar os resultados da pesquisa, acerca do processo de construção de imagens eufóricas sobre o papel dos irmãos Villas-Bôas à frente da referida expedição.
The descriptive linguist’s dilemmas when confronted with the challenge of language planning
Authors: Rajagopalan Kanavillil
Published: December 2015

Argumenta-se  neste  artigo  que  o  linguista  fica  perdido  quando  se  trata  de enfrentar  os  desafios  colocados  pela  política  linguística  e  planejamento linguístico e, além disso, que isso tem a ver com a sua relutância em reconhecer o papel da prescrição na fase de gestão da vida social das línguas. Sua adesão firme ao princípio da descrição rigorosa dos fatos e na melhor das hipóteses uma tentativa de explicá-las tem limitado a sua capacidade de intervir no destino de uma língua que é o que a política linguística é tudo. Também defende que exista um diálogo frutífero entre o linguista e o leigo.
Considerações sobre o trabalho prescrito: reflexões sobre as modalizações que incidem sobre o agir docente
Authors: Souza José Wellisten Abreu , Leitão Liane Velloso , Costa Thiago Magno de Carvalho , Ferraz Mônica Mano Trindade
Published: December 2015

Neste  artigo,  visamos  analisar  o  trabalho  educacional  representado  nos textos  que  (re)configuram  o  trabalho  do  professor  de  língua  portuguesa  na dimensão do trabalho prescrito. Para tanto, analisaremos as seguintes seções dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN): “Aprender e Ensinar Língua Portuguesa na escola”, “Considerações a respeito do tratamento didático dos conteúdos” e as subseções destinadas ao “Tratamento Didático”. Nossa análise focaliza as modalizações que se referem ao trabalho do professor, tal como sugeridas por Bronckart (2012, [1999]) no quadro teórico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD).
Exploration of Factors Influencing the Customers' Motivation in Buyer-Supplier Relationships on Industrial Markets
Authors: Zunk Bernd Markus
Published: December 2015

To gain a competitive advantage on industrial markets, suppliers need to understand what motivates their customers to collaborate in long-term buyer-supplier relationships. Therefore, this paper presents (i) a literature-based model of a 12-part industrial customers' motivation profile, and (ii) empirical findings from an explorative survey of 118 decision makers in the purchasing departments of firms in the technology sector. The results indicate that, “the optimum value for money”, “the holistic problem-solving capability of the suppliers and their high degree of performance” and “the good assistance in economically hard times in the past, which has led to a feeling of gratefulness” are all of great importance to industrial customers for building and maintaining relationships.
Controlled Dual Growth Factor Delivery From Microparticles Incorporated Within Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering via Endochondral Ossification
Authors: Dang Phuong N. , Dwivedi Neha , Phillips Lauren M. , Yu Xiaohua , Herberg Samuel , Bowerman Caitlin , Solorio Loran D. , Murphy William L. , Alsberg Eben
Published: December 2015

Bone tissue engineering via endochondral ossification has been explored by chondrogenically priming cells using soluble mediators for at least 3 weeks to produce a hypertrophic cartilage template. Although recapitulation of endochondral ossification has been achieved, long-term in vitro culture is required for priming cells through repeated supplementation of inductive factors in the media. To address this challenge, a microparticle-based growth factor delivery system was engineered to drive endochondral ossification within human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates. Sequential exogenous presentation of soluble transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) at various defined time courses resulted in varying degrees of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis as demonstrated by glycosaminoglycan and calcium content. The time course that best induced endochondral ossification was used to guide the development of the microparticle-based controlled delivery system for TGF-β1 and BMP-2. Gelatin microparticles capable of relatively rapid release of TGF-β1 and mineral-coated hydroxyapatite microparticles permitting more sustained release of BMP-2 were then incorporated within hMSC aggregates and cultured for 5 weeks following the predetermined time course for sequential presentation of bioactive signals. Compared with cell-only aggregates treated with exogenous growth factors, aggregates with incorporated TGF-β1- and BMP-2-loaded microparticles exhibited enhanced chondrogenesis and alkaline phosphatase activity at week 2 and a greater degree of mineralization by week 5. Staining for types I and II collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin revealed the presence of cartilage and bone. This microparticle-incorporated system has potential as a readily implantable therapy for healing bone defects without the need for long-term in vitro chondrogenic priming.

Significance

This study demonstrates the regulation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis with regard to endochondral bone formation in high-density stem cell systems through the controlled presentation of inductive factors from incorporated microparticles. This work lays the foundation for a rapidly implantable tissue engineering system that promotes bone repair via endochondral ossification, a pathway that can delay the need for a functional vascular network and has an intrinsic ability to promote angiogenesis. The modular nature of this system lends well to using different cell types and/or growth factors to induce endochondral bone formation, as well as the production of other tissue types.
LED šviestuvų fotonų srauto tankio poveikis salotų ir daržovių daigų fotosintetiniams rodikliams
Authors: Bagdonavičienė Aistė , Brazaitytė Aušra , Jankauskienė Julė , Vaštakaitė Viktorija , Duchovskis Pavelas
Published: December 2015

Atliktas tyrimas siekiant parinkti optimalų naujų puslaidininkinių lempų apšvietimo spektrą bei fotosintetiškai aktyvios spinduliuotės (FAS) fotonų srauto tankį auginant kokybiškus agurkų, pomidorų daigus ir salotines daržoves, taip pat įvertinti jų produktyvumą ir fotosintetinius rodiklius. Nustatyta, kad dėl pramoninių šviesą emituojančių diodų (angl. LED) šviestuvų ir skirtingo fotonų srauto tankio poveikio šiltnamyje auginti agurkų ir pomidorų daigai, salotos, apšviestos LED kartu su dienos šviesa, turėjo geresnį grynąjį fotosintezės produktyvumą (GPF), santykinį augimo greitį (SAG) ir išlaikė tinkamą antžeminės dalies ir šaknų santykį (AŠS), palyginti su augalais, augintais po SON-T Agro lempomis natūralios dienos šviesos fone. Uždaroje kontroliuojamo klimato kameroje (fitotrone) auginti agurkų ir pomidorų daigai bei salotos, apšviestos LED šviesa, turėjo labai aukštą grynąjį fotosintezės produktyvumą (GPF), santykinį augimo greitį (SAG) ir išlaikė tinkamą antžeminės dalies ir šaknų santykį (AŠS). FAS 250 µmol m–2 s–1 pastebimai mažino lapų ploto santykį (LPS), specifinį lapų plotą (SLP) ir lapų masės santykį (LSS).
Mineralinio azoto kaita kalvoto reljefo skirtingos granuliometrinės sudėties dirvožemiuose
Authors: Žičkienė Lina , Staugaitis Gediminas , Mažvila Jonas , Masevičienė Aistė , Narutytė Ieva
Published: December 2015

Tyrimai atlikti 2011–2014 m. LAMMC Kaltinėnų bandymų stoties dviejuose skirtinguose dirvožemio dangos laukuose siekiant ištirti mineralinio azoto (Nmin) kaitą 0–30, 30–60 ir 60–90 cm dirvožemio sluoksniuose, nustatyti jos dėsningumus augalų vegetacijos periodu (rudenį, pavasarį ir vasarą) įvairaus įmirkimo, skirtingos granuliometrinės sudėties ir įvairiuose kalvos elementuose esančiuose dirvožemiuose. Atliktais tyrimais nustatyta, kad Nmin koncentracija drenuotuose giliau karbonatinguose šlynžemiuose (Endocalc(ar)ic Gleysols) dėl didesnio organinės medžiagos kiekio ir mineralizacijos vasarą būna didesnė negu paprastuose giliau glėjiškuose išplautžemiuose (Hapli-Endohypogleyic Luvisols), o pavasarį jo išsiplauna daugiau. Lengvesnės granuliometrinės sudėties dirvožemiuose giliau glėjiškuose pasotintuose palvažemiuose (Endohypogleyi-Eutric Planosols) (ps/s1/p1) (sl/s1/l1) Nmin po rudens–žiemos laikotarpio iš viršutinių dirvožemio sluoksnių išplaunama daugiau negu iš sunkesnės paprastųjų giliau glėjiškų išplautžemių (Hapli-Endohypogleyic Luvisols) (p1/p1/s1) (l1/l1/s1). Kalvotame plote Nmin daugiausia susikaupė kalvos papėdėje esančiuose deliuviniuose pasotintuose rudžemiuose (Fluvi-Eutric Cambisols), o mažiausia – kalvos šlaite vidutiniškai eroduotuose paprastuose išplautžemiuose (Haplic Luvisols (moderately eroded)). Juose neesant dengiamųjų augalų dėl dirvožemio erozijos po rudens– žiemos laikotarpio Nmin pokyčiai būna didžiausi.
Shifting Strategies of Political Authority in the Middle through Terminal Formative Polity of Chiapa De Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Sullivan Timothy D.
Published: December 2015

This study investigates changes in strategies ofrulership at the early Zoque polity ofChiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico, from its inception in the Middle Formative period through its peak of political power during the Terminal Formative period. Incorporating data from my survey ofChiapa de Corzo and its hinterland with excavation data from the center, I contrast changes in the organization of ceremonial activity and in the establishment of status differences at the site with strategies employed in the governance of the polity at large. The initial rulers ofChiapa de Corzo adopted civic-ceremonial conventions shared with the Olmec site of La Venta, including the E-Group architectural pattern repeated at a number of sites in Chiapas. In the Late Formative, rulers integrated the E-Group into an architectural template adopted from contemporary capitals in the Maya Lowlands. This new space was less accessible than the earlier Middle Formative ceremonial zone. The adoption of these new traditions was accompanied by increased status differentiation between rulers and subjects. At the same time, there was a reduction in the elaboration of the regional political hierarchy and a decrease in the practice of forced resettlement. The results of this study indicate that the novel ceremonial practices and changes in status differentiation at the capital were accompanied unevenly by interference of rulers in the daily life of the hinterland.
Moche Sociopolitical Dynamics and the Role of Licapa II, Chicama Valley, Peru
Authors: Koons Michele L.
Published: December 2015

Fieldwork at the Moche (A .D. 250–900) site of Licapa II in the Chicama Valley, Peru, has resulted in a more nuanced history of the changing sociopolitical relationships among Moche centers. The distinct archaeological signatures of Moche society, namely ceramics and huacas (monumental structures), have been interpreted as emblematic of an ethnic and political reality and as evidence for a state. Nonetheless, scholars are now disentangling these assumptions, arguing that Moche society was a complex mosaic of interacting settlements. My research at Licapa II combined surface collection, geophysical surveys, excavation, and chronometric analysis to better understand this site within the context of broader Moche sociopolitical dynamics. Ceramic and architectural evidence from Licapa II indicates that a shift in ideological organization occurred around A.D. 650. This shift reflects changes seen throughout the Moche world. Licapa II is located on the border of the northern and southern regions of Moche cultural development, and ceramic styles indicate that many of the interactions between these regions could have occurred here. By comparing these findings to evidence of sociopolitical reorganization seen elsewhere, research from Licapa II contributes to a non-state and decentralized view of the sociopolitical structure of Moche society.
Mobility and Territorial Occupation of the Asurini do Xingu, Pará, Brazil: An Archaeology of the Recent Past in the Amazon
Authors: Silva Fabíola Andréa , Noelli Francisco Silva
Published: December 2015

In recent decades, archaeology has provided evidence of the diverse nature of colonialism as well as of the specific local histories associated with this globalizing process. Archaelogists have also investigated the strategies of interaction and resistance adopted by indigenous peoples when faced with attempts at economic, political, and social domination. This article presents data about the dynamics of mobility and territorial occupation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries of the Asurini do Xingu, an indigenous group living on the middle Xingu River in the Amazon rainforest, in the southern portion of the Brazilian state of Pará. We show that these dynamics represent a conscious and strategic choice by the Asurini to preserve their way of life in the face of colonialism and the expansion of capitalism.
Genetic mechanisms control the linear scaling between related cortical primary and higher order sensory areas
Authors: Zembrzycki Andreas , Stocker Adam M , Leingärtner Axel , Sahara Setsuko , Chou Shen-Ju , Kalatsky Valery , May Scott R , Stryker Michael P , O'Leary Dennis DM
Published: December 2015

In mammals, the neocortical layout consists of few modality-specific primary sensory areas and a multitude of higher order ones. Abnormal layout of cortical areas may disrupt sensory function and behavior. Developmental genetic mechanisms specify primary areas, but mechanisms influencing higher order area properties are unknown. By exploiting gain-of and loss-of function mouse models of the transcription factor Emx2, we have generated bi-directional changes in primary visual cortex size in vivo and have used it as a model to show a novel and prominent function for genetic mechanisms regulating primary visual area size and also proportionally dictating the sizes of surrounding higher order visual areas. This finding redefines the role for intrinsic genetic mechanisms to concomitantly specify and scale primary and related higher order sensory areas in a linear fashion.
Highly durable silica-coated Pt/carbon nanotubes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells application
Authors: Yaowarat Wattanachai , Li Oi Lun Helena , Saito Nagahiro
Published: December 2015

Platinum nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (Pt/CNTs) have been used as an electrocatalyst in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). These catalysts show higher activity in oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs than conventional carbon-black-supported Pt nanoparticles. However, their durability is lower than that of other metal-alloy-based or nonmetal-based catalysts. In this study, Pt/CNTs were synthesized by solution plasma followed by coating with silica layer by the sol–gel method using a cationic surfactant [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)]. This material can be used as a cathode in PEMFCs. The silica layer was coated on the surface of Pt/CNTs to prevent agglomeration and detachment of Pt nanoparticles from carbon nanotubes during operation. The formation of silica layers significantly improved the durability of the Pt/CNT catalysts under acidic conditions. After 300 cycles of the cyclic voltammetry test in 0.5#M sulfuric acid (H2SO4), silica-coated Pt/CNTs increased the durability by 43.0 and 24.0% compared with those of noncoated commercial Pt/C and Pt/CNTs, respectively.
Multigraphene growth on lead-pencil drawn sliver halide print paper irradiated by scanning femtosecond laser
Authors: Kaneko Satoru , Shimizu Yoshitada , Rachi Takeshi , Kato Chihiro , Tanaka Satomi , Naganuma Yasuhiro , Katakura Toru , Satoh Kazuo , Ushiyama Mikio , Konuma Seiji , Itou Yuko , Takikawa Hirofumi , Tan Goon , Matsuda Akifumi , Yoshimoto Mamoru
Published: December 2015

Drawings were made on various types of paper using lead pencils of grades from 4H through 10B. Raman spectroscopy verified both G and D peaks on all the drawings on PC print paper, PC photopaper, kent paper, and paper for silver halide print. After irradiation with a scanning femtosecond laser, silver halide paper drawn on with a 10B lead pencil maintained its surface flatness compared with the other types of paper. Raman spectroscopy on silver print paper showed a high-intensity G peak and a low-intensity D peak. After irradiating the scanning femtosecond laser on silver halide paper drawn on with a 10B lead pencil, Raman spectroscopy showed a high-intensity G peak and less intense of D peak together with a 2D peak around 2,700 cm−1 corresponding to the existence of multigraphene.
Strength of plasma coating and effect of a plasma coating on hydrogen entry
Authors: Nishiguchi Hiroshi , Ohshima Tamiko , Kawasaki Hiroharu , Fukuda Takayuki
Published: December 2015

The strength of a plasma coating and the effect of the plasma coating on hydrogen entry were investigated to establish a method that provides a base material with highly resistant to hydrogen entry and embrittlement. Aluminum alloy A6061, which is highly resistant to hydrogen gas atmosphere, was employed as the coating material (300 W, 17 h, ∼40 µm thickness). Two types of specimen prepared by the hydrogen-charging method were adopted: the coated and uncoated specimens were (1) immersed in 20 mass % ammonium thiocyanate aqueous solution at 313 K for 48 h, or (2) exposed to hydrogen gas atmosphere at 100 MPa and 270 °C for 200 h. Hydrogen content measurements revealed that the A6061 plasma coating is highly resistant to hydrogen entry in corrosive environments. The coating reduced hydrogen entry by ∼50% during exposure to hydrogen gas atmosphere at 100 MPa and 270 °C. Moreover, the plasma coating method was found to be applicable in the elastic deformation region of the base material.
Recuperación de cobre y otros metales mediante bacterias acidofilas desde scraps de teléfonos móviles
Authors: Manuel Sandoval , Mauricio Santibáñez , José Gallardo Ma. , Matías Castro , Ricardo y González Alex
Published: December 2015

La finalidad de esta investigación fue evaluar y caracterizar la capacidad de solubilizar de metales contenidos en las placas de circuitos integrados (scraps) de teléfonos móviles en desuso mediante biolixiviación enriquecida con electrolitos de baterías en desuso (EBD). Se evaluó la capacidad catalítica de cultivos puros y mixtos de bacterias acidófilas A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 (A.f) y A. thiooxidans DSM 9463 (A.t). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los cultivos mixtos presentan la mejor actividad catalítica para solubilizar Cu y Ni desde scraps de teléfonos móviles a 240 horas de incubación. Estos cultivos logran solubilizar Cu, Ni en cantidades de 9.685 y 211,8 mg/L respectivamente, representando al 65 y 58,8 % del contenido metálico presente en las scrap. Adicional a esto, se determinó la adhesión bacteriana sobre la superficie de las scrap durante el proceso lixiviativo evidenciado que el proceso es realizado por bacterias adheridas y planctónicas. Por lo tanto, se logró establecer la factibilidad de solubilizar el contenido metálico presente en las scrap de teléfonos móviles mediante biolixiviación enriquecida con EBD, siendo una posible alternativa para el tratamiento de los desperdicios electrónicos.
Exosomes derived from mineralizing osteoblasts promote ST2 cell osteogenic differentiation by alteration of microRNA expression
Authors: Cui Yazhou , Luan Jing , Li Haiying , Zhou Xiaoyan , Han Jinxiang
Published: December 2015

Mineralizing osteoblasts (MOBs) can release exosomes, although the functional significance remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that exosomes derived from mineralizing pre‐osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cells can promote bone marrow stromal cell (ST2) differentiation to osteoblasts. We reveal that MOB‐derived exosomes significantly influence miRNA profiles in recipient ST2 cells, and these changes tend to activate the Wnt signaling pathway by inhibiting Axin1 expression and increasing β‐catenin expression. We also suggest that MOB derived‐exosomes partly induce the variation in miRNA expression in recipient ST2 cells by exosomal miRNA transfer. These findings suggest an exosome‐mediated mode of cell‐to‐cell communication in the osteogenic microenvironment, and also indicate the potential of MOB exosomes in bone tissue engineering.
Abaris (

FGrH

34)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Abaris (
FGrH
34) is probably a fictitious writer, included as a real historian in Felix Jacoby's collection of fragmentary Greek historians.
Abydenos (
FGrH
685)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Abydenos (
FGrH
685) is a little‐known historian who wrote a work called
On the Assyrians
.
Aethlios of Samos (
FGrH
536)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Aethlios of Samos (
FGrH
536) was a historian, probably of the late fifth century
bce
, who wrote the
Samian Chronicles
.
Agaklytos (
FGrH
411)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Agaklytos (
FGrH
411) was the author of a work on ancient Olympia, known only from a single reference in the ninth‐century
ce
excerptor and polymath Photios of Constantinople.
Agatharchides of Samos (
FGrH
284)
Authors: Champion Craige B.
Published: December 2015

Agatharchides of Samos (
FGrH
284) is a poorly attested Greek historian credited with
Persika
,
Phrygiaka
, and a work titled
On stones
.
Agathon of Samos (
FGrH
843)
Authors: Alley Dennis R.
Published: December 2015

Agathon (
FGrH
843) was a Greek historian of uncertain date. His work predates the first century
ce
. He demonstrates considerable interest in geography and mythography and has a particularly strong interest in the history of his home, Samos, and Scythia.
Agesilaos (
FGrH
828)
Authors: Alley Dennis R.
Published: December 2015

Agesilaos (
FGrH
828) was an ancient Greek historian of uncertain date. His works on Italian history were mentioned in Plutarch.
Agias and Derkylos (
FGrH
305)
Authors: Alley Dennis R.
Published: December 2015

Agias and Derkylos (
FGrH
305) are two ancient Greek historians of uncertain date, likely dated to the fourth or third centuries
ce
. Their extensive interest in mythography of the Argolid made them a natural choice for Hellenistic historians and poets looking to include early mythographic entities in their work.
Ainesidamos (

FGrH

600)
Authors: Goldberg Charles
Published: December 2015

Ainesidamos (
FGrH
600) (also Ainesidemos) was the author of a local history of the small Cycladic island of Tenos, the
Teniaka
. Only one fragment survives from this work. He may have lived sometime between the end of the fourth century and the second century
bce
.
Aisopos (

FGrH

187A
)
Authors: Goldberg Charles
Published: December 2015

Aisopos was a scribe to the Hellenistic king Mithradates VI Eupator of Pontos who wrote an encomium to the king and a work entitled
On
Helen
, from which a single fragment remains.
Akesandros of Cyrene (

FGrH

469)
Authors: Goldberg Charles
Published: December 2015

Akesandros of Cyrene (
FGrH
469) was the author of
On Cyrene
, a local history of Cyrene in Libya, written between the fourth and second centuries
bce
. What little survives of his work exists in select fragments.
Akko
Authors: Vacek Alexander
Published: December 2015

Akko was an important Iron Age seaport located 18 km north of Haifa. Solomon perhaps gave the town as a gift to Hiram, king of Tyre, along with a total of twenty cities. The town was destroyed by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in the seventh century
bce,
but resumed its importance under Persian rule.
Ashkelon
Authors: Vacek Alexander
Published: December 2015

Ashkelon is an Iron Age site in coastal Palestine located north of Gaza. It was an important Philistine seaport until its destruction by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in 604
bce
.
Balearic Islands
Authors: Smith Alexander
Published: December 2015

The Balearic Islands are located off the eastern coast of Spain and consist of five major islands (Menorca, Mallorca, Cabrera, Ibiza, and Formentera). In the third and second millennia
bce
, humans permanently settled Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, and Formentera. They used caves to bury their dead, erected freestanding dolmens, and constructed naviform dwellings and naveta funerary structures. The first millennium
bce
saw the construction of
talayots
and eventually the development of sanctuaries on Menorca and Mallorca, including the ceremonial taula precincts of Menorca. In the second century
bce
, the Romans conquered the islands and retained control of the group until the Vandal conquest of the fifth century
ce
, which was in turn followed by Byzantine conquest in the sixth century
ce
.
Conventus
Authors: Cordovana Orietta Dora
Published: December 2015

The grammarian Festus gave a concise definition ofconventuson the basis of the word's usage during the second centuryce. The termconventus civium romanorumreferred to communities of Roman citizens who lived in a provincial territory, either in big cities (civitates peregrinae) or in small villages (vici) and districts (pagi) in the cities’ hinterland. However, the more specific termconventus iuridicuswas applied to the judicial assizes of Roman governors in the provinces and to the cities and districts where the trials were hold. It was a major privilege for a city to be the location of aconventus iuridicus, since it gained both status and economic advantages from the presence of the governor and his entourage. The institution ofconventus iuridicusboth provided the locations and created the administrative mechanism by which the Romans managed legal interactions and handled disputes between Roman citizens and the non‐citizen inhabitants of the provinces.
Cult instruments, Greek
Authors: Roller Lynn E.
Published: December 2015

Special implements were needed for the rituals that formed part of Greek religious practice. The most common Greek ritual was animal sacrifice, and the essential instruments for it were a basket called
kanoun
, which held the cult tools, a basin for the priest to wash his hands, and the knife used to kill the animal. Mystery rituals, which were limited to those initiated into the mystery cult, had their own set of sacred objects; these included torches, since mystery rituals usually took place at night, and a pottery bowl, the
plemochoe
, for making offerings to the deities worshipped in the mysteries. Special objects were also used in rites of passage – that is, cult rituals that marked important transitions in human life; such objects included distinctive pottery shapes for weddings and funerals.
Dikaiarchos of Messene
Authors: Verhasselt Gertjan
Published: December 2015

Dikaiarchos (ca. 370/350–post 323
bce
) from Messene on Sicily was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, a pupil of Aristotle, and a friend of Aristoxenos. He wrote on cultural history, literature (Homer, Alcaeus, drama), philosophers (the Seven Sages, Pythagoras, Plato), geography, politics, ethics, and the soul. Cicero greatly admired him. All of Dikaiarchos’ works are now lost, however, and are only known through citations in preserved writers.
Dispilio in Macedonia
Authors: Nikolaidou Marianna
Published: December 2015

Dispilio, a Neolithic village by the lake of Kastoria in Macedonia, northwestern Greece, is the first lacustrine settlement excavated in the Aegean. Early platform houses raised on the shore were later replaced by buildings on dry land. Systematic research revealed well‐preserved structural wood and clay, extensive evidence for freshwater fishing and hunting, and a wealth of utilitarian and symbolic artifacts – local and imported. A reconstruction of prehistoric households can be visited on location. There are also remains of later periods (Bronze Age to modern).
Egypt, Ptolemaic period
Authors: Gorre Gilles
Published: December 2015

After the battle of Issus (333
bce
) and the defeat of the Persian king Darius III, Alexander the Great entered Egypt in 332. This was the beginning of the Ptolemaic period, named after Ptolemy, son of Lagos, who succeeded Alexander in 323
bce
, first as satrap, and then as formal ruler of Egypt in 305. Ptolemy thus became the founder of the dynasty that ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest by Octavian (30
bce
).
Gavdos
Authors: Karadimas Nektarios
Published: December 2015

The island of Gavdos is situated southwest of Crete in the Libyan Sea. An extensive interdisciplinary survey conducted in the 1990s showed that the island was inhabited from the Early Paleolithic to modern times. In recent years, excavations have brought to light significant archaeological remains, among which is a building complex of about 550 sq m at the site of Katalymata, which dates back to the Bronze Age.
Heresiology
Authors: Lyman Rebecca
Published: December 2015

This polemical theological genre was created within ancient Christianity in order to define and promote certain ideas as “right belief” (orthodoxy) and to exclude others as innovative, demonic, and false (heresy). Entwined with its development was the emergence of concepts such as tradition, canon of scripture, and apostolic succession as well as that of negative labels and classifications of the theological errors that were repeated and embellished over several centuries by a variety of authors. Given the constant and divisive nature of theological debate among Christians, the discourse did not achieve the ideals of unity and stability but rather revealed a continued intellectual negotiation with contemporary culture, religious multiplicity, and political change in Roman society. After the establishment of orthodox Christianity as the sole religion of the Roman Empire, heresiological categories became the basis for the criminalization of religious dissent and difference in Roman law.
Hermippos of Smyrna
Authors: Dorandi Tiziano
Published: December 2015

Hermippos (
FGrH
1026) was a native of Smyrna in Asia Minor but lived in Alexandria in Egypt, in the second half of the third century
bce
. He wrote biographies of philosophers, poets, orators, and historians; several titles of his writings and numerous fragments from his works have survived. Hermippos’ biographies belong to a type of literary production that is considered a special form of historiography. In antiquity they were highly esteemed and were often used by later authors.
Karduniash
Authors: Paulus Susanne
Published: December 2015

Karduniash is a geographical designation for Babylonia, which came into use during the Kassite period.
Laodike
III
, wife of Antiochos
III
Authors: D'Agostini Monica
Published: December 2015

Laodike III was the daughter of Mithradates II of Pontos and the Seleucid princess Laodike, daughter of Antiochos II Theos. In 222
bce
she was married to Antiochos III (“the Great”) and proclaimed queen. Laodike gave birth to two Seleucid kings and a Seleucid queen. As a Seleucid queen she is better attested in documentary evidence than any of her predecessors: she received honors from cities where she acted as benefactor and engaged in humanitarian initiatives. Laodike was also the first Seleucid queen to be featured in the kingdom's ruler cult.
Lex Claudia de nave senatorum
Authors: Linke Bernhard
Published: December 2015

Before or in the first stages of the Second Punic War, the Roman popular assembly passed a puzzling law: Livy briefly mentions that this
lex Claudia de nave senatorum
prohibited the senators from employing ships with a capacity of more than three hundred amphorae (Livy 21.63.3). Reportedly, it was extremely unpopular within the senatorial elite with only one senator, C. Flaminius, supporting it. Modern interpretations range from moral self‐regulation over restriction of the economic perspectives of the senatorial elite to a clash over war profits between the senatorial and the non‐senatorial Roman upper class. The steady and quite unpopular fusion of private and official state policy, especially in maritime operations, formed the background of the law.
Meyer, Eduard (1855–1930)
Authors: Chambers Mortimer
Published: December 2015

Eduard Meyer (1855–1930) was the last historian to attempt a comprehensive history of the ancient world based on documents read in their original languages. Following its completion in 1902, Meyer continued, with the aid of a former student, to supplement the great work. Among his particular interests were the roles of economics and religion both in both ancient and modern societies. He was warmly received in America where he lectured widely before World War I.
Minoanization
Authors: Cutler Joanne
Published: December 2015

Minoanization is a term used to describe the adoption of Cretan ways of doing things at a number of Aegean sites during the Middle and early Late Bronze Age.
Orientalizing
Authors: Charalambidou Xenia
Published: December 2015

The term designates a range of concepts: a style of painted pottery or, more generally, a style in various artistic media, which is characterized by borrowings from the Near East and Egypt; a period/cultural phase that is traditionally linked to the eighth and seventh centuriesbce; or a broader cultural phenomenon. During the last twenty‐five years, scholars have introduced a comprehensive rethinking of the “Orientalizing,” and have demonstrated that interaction between East and West is not confined to these centuries, but can be traced back to the Bronze Age.
Paideia
Authors: King Daniel
Published: December 2015

This article investigates current thinking onpaideiain the Roman imperial period.Paideiatranslates not only as “education,” but also a general affiliation with Greek culture; to be apepaideumenos, one had to be able to display one's immersion in the Greek cultural, literary, and philosophical canon. Traditionally, scholars have seen the importance attributed to education or culture during the imperial period as a salve for alleviating the conditions of political and imperial disenfranchisement: Greeks were interested in Greek culture because they were trying compensate for their lack of political power under the imperial regime. Here, it is argued that Greek culture should be seen as a type of discursive field, in which elites from across the empire used their relationship withpaideiato navigate the complexities of elite identity and imperial society. A number of areas in which education is relevant are explored: epideictic performance, characteristic of the second sophistic; self‐reflexive explorations and analyses of the nature of education and culture in a number of literary contexts; technical writing; and as a means for managing emotional experience.
Parmenides of Elea
Authors: Palmer John A.
Published: December 2015

Parmenides (ca. 515–after 450bce) of Elea in Campania composed a philosophical poem in epic hexameter on metaphysical and cosmological themes, cast in the form of a revelation imparted to him by a goddess after he journeyed to her abode in the underworld. Parmenides reports how she revealed to him the unchanging nature of true reality and, in a second stage, the natural world's principles and origins. While the significance of the first part of this revelation and the relation between its two stages has proved intensely controversial, there is nevertheless consensus on the view that Parmenides was the most profound of the early Greek philosophers.
Pathyris
Authors: Vandorpe Katelijn
Published: December 2015

Pathyris, modern Gebelein (“Twin peaks”), was an Upper Egyptian town on the west bank, located south of Thebes. Due to its strategic importance, the place was inhabited from prehistory onward, and flourished in Hellenistic times when after the great revolt in Upper Egypt (206–186
bce
) the town received a military camp, where local people were enrolled as soldiers. Some Greek soldiers also settled there. Several archives (official, temple, and family archives) have been discovered in Pathyris; they offer a unique view on life in a bilingual society.
Paul
Authors: Kehoe Dennis
Published: December 2015

Paul, along with Papinian and Ulpian, was one of the leading Late Classical jurists of the Severan age. Little is known about his origins, but like other jurists of this age, he held important posts connected with legal administration under the Severan emperors. One of the jurists most often cited in theDigestof Justinian, Paul was a voluminous writer. He wrote on virtually every subject in Roman law, with extended treatments of the civil law and the Praetor's Edict. In addition, he wrote shorter works on individual areas of Roman law and on various statutes. One of his most influential works in antiquity was hisSententiae, a work begun by Paul but apparently also continued by a postclassical writer.
Poplifugia
Authors: Pfeilschifter Rene
Published: December 2015

Poplifugia was the name of an obscure Roman festival celebrated on July 5. The ritual meaning was already unclear to Romans of the Late Republic, so they developed several aetiological myths that were supposed to explain the ritual action and give the festival new meaning as a significant part of Roman history.
Ras al‐Bassit
Authors: Vacek Alexander
Published: December 2015

Ras al‐Bassit is an Iron Age harbor town in northern Syria, located ca. 50 km north of Latakia. Greek Protogeometric imports found at the site indicate that Bassit had connections to Greece already during the tenth century
bce
. By the late seventh century
bce
a small group of Greeks were even resident at the port.
Southern France
Authors: Luley Benjamin P.
Published: December 2015

Southern France here refers to the Mediterranean region of France comprising the administrative
régions
of Languedoc‐Roussillon and Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d'Azur. During the Bronze Age (2300–750
bce
) and the Iron Age (750–125
bce
) the middle and eastern parts of southern France were occupied by Celts, and the western part by Iberians. During the Iron Age, two important developments occurred: the establishment of trading relations with Etruscan and Phocaean Greek merchants, and the concentration of the population in densely‐settled fortified towns, often located along strategic rivers or on high hilltops. Southern France was conquered by the Roman Republic in a series of campaigns between 125
–
121
bce
.
Sacred Way (Greek World)
Authors: Williamson Christina
Published: December 2015

Sacred ways were roads that led to major sanctuaries, typically those located at a distance from the urban center, and were the vehicles for the processions involved in civic festivals at these shrines.
Sophia
Authors: Petrey Taylor G.
Published: December 2015

Sophia, or Wisdom, is a virtue and divine female figure in ancient Roman, Greek, Hebrew, and Christian thought.
Taurus Mountains
Authors: Rice Candace M.
Published: December 2015

The Taurus mountain range runs west to east for approximately 1500 km through Anatolia. This range has been a key location of settlement since the Neolithic period.
Tel Dor
Authors: Vacek Alexander
Published: December 2015

Tel Dor is an Iron Age harbor town located on the Carmel coast ca. 30 km south of Haifa. It was an important maritime and administrative center under King Solomon and under Assyrian control. Claims that the “Sea Peoples” inhabited the site could not be verified by archaeology.
Trade, Roman maritime (early and late empire)
Authors: Harpster Matthew
Published: December 2015

The maritime trade of the Early and Late Roman Empire was a combination of older characteristics, such as ship assembly and personnel, and elements particular to the Roman Empire, such as an increasing centralization of power and bureaucracy. Sea transportation was the easiest and most efficient means of moving goods, people, and ideas throughout the empire's vast territory. Despite the large corpus of archaeological, iconographic, epigraphic, and textual data, there are still debates over the fundamental nature of the movement itself.
Zankle
Authors: Donnellan Lieve
Published: December 2015

Zankle is a Greek
polis
strategically established in northeast Sicily in the late eighth century
bce
. The city became powerful in the Archaic period and controlled a vast territory that included part of the opposite mainland. It was conquered in 488/7
bce
by the Rhegian tyrant Anaxilaos who renamed it as Messana.
Dendera/Tentyra (Graeco‐Roman/Late Antique)
Authors: Dijkstra Jitse H. F.
Published: December 2015

An overview of Dendera in the Graeco‐Roman and Late Antique periods. In the Graeco‐Roman period the site was dominated by the temple of Hathor, one of the best preserved temples in Egypt and the center of her cult. During Late Antiquity the city continued to be of regional significance, as is evinced by the episcopal see that was created here, as well as the church that was built close to the Hathor temple.
Soccer players awarded one or more red cards exhibit lower 2D:4D ratios
Authors: Mailhos Alvaro , Buunk Abraham P. , del Arca Denise , Tutte Verónica
Published: December 2015

Anatomical, cognitive and behavioral sex differences are widely recognized in many species. It has been proposed that some of these differences might result from the organizing effects of prenatal sex steroids. In humans, males usually exhibit higher levels of physical aggression and prowess. In this study, we analyze the relationship between second‐to‐fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios—a proxy for prenatal androgen levels—and foul play and sporting performance in a sample of junior soccer players from a professional Uruguayan soccer club. Our results show that the most aggressive players (i.e., those awarded one or more red cards) have a more masculine finger pattern (lower 2D:4D ratio), while no relationship could be found between sporting performance and 2D:4D ratios. The results are discussed in the context of previous findings. Aggr. Behav. 42:417–426, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intimate partner aggression‐related shame and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: The moderating role of substance use problems
Authors: Weiss Nicole H. , Duke Aaron A. , Overstreet Nicole M. , Swan Suzanne C. , Sullivan Tami P.
Published: December 2015

A dearth of literature has examined the consequences of women's use of aggression in intimate relationships. Women's use of aggression against their intimate partners, regardless of their motivation (e.g., self‐defense, retaliation), may elicit shame. Shame, in turn, may contribute to the maintenance and/or exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, which are commonly experienced in this population. Further, emerging research suggests that emotionally avoidant coping strategies, such as substance use, may strengthen the relation between shame and PTSD symptoms. The goal of the present study was to examine whether women's shame concerning their use of intimate partner aggression is associated with their PTSD symptoms, and whether drug and alcohol use problems moderate this association. Participants were 369 community women who had used and been victimized by physical aggression in an intimate relationship with a male partner in the past six months. The intimate partner aggression‐related shame × drug (but not alcohol) use problems interaction on PTSD symptom severity was significant. Analysis of simple slopes revealed that women's intimate partner aggression‐related shame was positively associated with their PTSD symptoms when drug use problems were high, but not when drug use problems were low. Findings have implications for the potential utility of PTSD treatments targeting a reduction in shame and maladaptive shame regulation strategies (i.e., drug use) in this population. Aggr. Behav. 42:427–440, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation, model‐reduction, and state estimation of a two‐component coagulation process
Authors: Hashemian Negar , Armaou Antonios
Published: December 2015

The issue of state estimation of an aggregation process through (1) using model reduction to obtain a tractable approximation of the governing dynamics and (2) designing a fast moving‐horizon estimator for the reduced‐order model is addressed. The method of moments is first used to reduce the governing integro‐differential equation down to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. This reduced‐order model is then simulated for both batch and continuous processes and the results are shown to agree with constant Number Monte Carlo simulation results of the original model. Next, the states of the reduced order model are estimated in a moving horizon estimation approach. For this purpose, Carleman linearization is first employed and the nonlinear system is represented in a bilinear form. This representation lessens the computation burden of the estimation problem by allowing for analytical solution of the state variables as well as sensitivities with respect to decision variables. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1557–1567, 2016
Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with mosaic trisomy 18: First clinical observation
Authors: Motta Serena , Sala Debora , Sala Alessandra , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Giudici Giovanni , Villa Nicoletta , Biondi Andrea , Selicorni Angelo
Published: December 2015

We report the case of a 17‐year‐old boy with a mosaic trisomy 18, who was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient showed only poor growth and two muscular ventricular septal defects; no facial dysmorphims were present. He was admitted to our hospital because of asthenia and weight loss; a mediastinal enlargement was found and an histological diagnosis of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma on mediastinal biopsy was performed. Contextually, a chromosomal analysis on bone marrow aspirate and on peripheral blood revealed a mosaic trisomy 18. This result was confirmed also with cytogenetic analysis on skin fibroblasts. While there is a well‐documented association between trisomy 18 and solid cell tumors, this is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient with a mosaic trisomy 18, enlarging the spectrum of possible oncologic manifestations of the disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.