bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical and electromagnetic responses over steel-cased wells
Authors: Heagy Lindsey J. , Oldenburg Douglas W.
Published: February 2022

Electrical and electromagnetic (EM) methods can be diagnostic geophysical imaging tools for monitoring applications, such as carbon capture and storage or hydraulic fracturing. In these settings, it is common that steel-cased wells and other steel infrastructure are present. Grounded source methods, which use electrodes to inject current into the earth, are of interest for casing integrity and monitoring applications. Electrostatic, or direct current (DC) resistivity, experiments form the basis of our understanding of the physics of grounded source experiments in terms of charges, currents, and electric fields. Steel-cased wells are highly conductive, and although their presence makes numerical modeling more challenging, they can help targets of interest be detected because they channel charges and currents to depth. Time-domain EM experiments use a time-varying transmitter current. Understanding the EM response requires that we consider both galvanic, or DC, currents as well as image currents that are induced in the subsurface. As compared to DC experiments, the physics of EM is more complex because of the multiple current systems as well as the need to consider magnetic permeability of steel-cased wells. However, EM experiments have the advantage that they can provide a large data set that is sensitive to a target of interest. Ultimately, this will increase the potential for being able to extract information about the target.
Defining RASopathy
Authors: Rauen Katherine A.
Published: February 2022

The term RASopathy was originally created to describe a phenotypically similar group of medical genetic syndromes caused by germline pathogenic variants in components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway. In defining a RASopathy syndrome, one needs to consider the complex nature of the RAS/MAPK pathway, the numerous genes and regulatory components involved, its crosstalk with other signaling pathways and the phenotypic spectrum among these syndromes. Three main guiding principles to the definition should be considered. First, a RASopathy is a clinical syndrome with overlapping phenotypic features caused by germline pathogenic variants associated with the RAS/MAPK pathway. Second, a RASopathy is caused by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, all of which lead to a similar outcome of RAS/MAPK pathway activation/dysregulation. Finally, because a RASopathy has dysfunctional germline RAS/MAPK pathway activation/dysregulation, it may, therefore, be amenable to treatment with pathway modulators.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Pyridine Mono(thio)carbohydrazones as Promising Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents. Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Mrđan Gorana , Tot Aleksandar , Vraneš Milan , Rašeta Milena , Knežević Petar , Verbić Tatjana , Matijević Borko
Published: February 2022

Four new derivatives of 2-pyridine mono(thio)carbohydrazones were synthesized by condensation of carbaldehydes with carbohydrazide and thiocarbohydrazide following a known procedure. Compounds obtained were characterized using FT-IR, NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their purity was determined by elemental analysis. Within the investigation of biological activity, four derivatives were subjected to antioxidative and antimicrobial studies, showing significant results. All obtained results concerning biological activity were supported by TD-DFT calculations. Comparing, monothiocarbohydrazones have shown much better activity than monocarbohydrazones. As a part of the characterization of potentially biologically active compounds ionization constants of synthesized compounds were theoretically predicted, experimentally determined and their mutual similarities i.e. differences were confirmed with NBO analysis.
The maritime community of La Ciotat, 1850-1914
Authors: Βασιλάκη Καλλιόπη
Published: February 2022

Η παρούσα έρευνα μελετάει την ιστορία της ναυτικής κοινότητας της La Ciotat, στη Γαλλία, την περίοδο της μετάβασης από το ιστίο στον ατμό. Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να εξετάσει την κοινωνική και οικονομική μεταβολή της ναυτικής κοινότητας λόγω των νέων τεχνολογιών στη ναυτιλία. Η La Ciotat, ένα μικρό λιμάνι δίπλα στη Μασσαλία, που ασχολούνταν με την αλιεία και τη ναυτιλία και είχε φημισμένους ναυτικούς και σημαντικά ναυπηγεία ιστιοφόρων άρχισε να μετατρέπεται ήδη από το 1836, σε ένα από τα μεγαλύτερα ναυπηγεία ατμόπλοιων της Γαλλίας. Από το 1851, δημιουργήθηκαν εκεί τα ναυπηγεία της Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes, της μεγαλύτερης ατμοπλοϊκής εταιρείας της Γαλλίας με κρατικές επιχορηγήσεις. Η διατριβή εξετάζει την οικονομική και κοινωνική μετάβαση της La Ciotat. Μελετάει την διαδικασία της βιομηχανικής ανάπτυξης στη πόλη, την μετάβαση σε ένα νέο οικονομικό μοντέλο, την ναυπηγική παραγωγή καθώς και τις ραγδαίες αλλαγές στις υποδομές του λιμανιού και του ναυπηγείου. Έπειτα στρέφεται στον πληθυσμό, μελετώντας την ραγδαία πληθυσμιακή αύξηση της πόλης, τη μετανάστευση, τις αλλαγές στη σύνθεση του πληθυσμού καθώς και τη μετάβαση της επαγγελματικής δομής του πληθυσμού. Στη συνέχεια εξετάζεται ο ναυτικός πληθυσμός της πόλης, και η αλλαγή των ναυτικών επαγγελμάτων, των θαλάσσιων δρόμων και της καριέρας τόσο των ναυτών όσο και των καπετάνιων. Σε συνδυασμό με τα παραπάνω, εξετάζεται και ο ρόλος της εταιρείας της Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes στις κοινωνικές μεταβολές της ναυτικής κοινότητας. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται ο νέος χαρακτήρας της La Ciotat, όπως φαίνεται μέσα από τις κοινωνικές προεκτάσεις της μετανάστευσης στην πόλη, την άνοδο της βίας και της πορνείας, καθώς και την μετάβαση της ναυτικής κοινότητας σε εργατική τάξη, όπως αυτό διαφαίνεται από την άνοδο του συνδικαλισμού, και τις μεγάλες απεργίες που έλαβαν χώρα το 1911.
Current challenges of forming socio-economic model of the city development
Authors: Yavorska Viktoriia , Shynkarenko Sergii
Published: February 2022

The article analyzed current challenges of forming the socio-economic model of city development in the forms of urbanization, its types, consequences, and structural changes in societies.
Z historii kolekcjonerstwa
Authors: Lebet-Minakowska Anna
Published: February 2022

Obecne Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich jest najstarszym muzeum w Polsce, powstało z inicjatywy Izabeli Czartoryskiej, znanej kolekcjonerki i patriotki. Nie była osamotniona w pozyskiwaniu dla niego pamiątek, znacznie się do tworzenia muzeum przyczynił Tadeusz Czacki, dzięki jego staraniom do muzeum trafiły i zostały ocalone przedmioty należące do znanych Polaków, w tym królów polskich, wyjęte z krypt katedry na Wawelu czy skarbca królewskiego. Choć nie zawsze mamy pewność, czy pozyskane i ofiarowane przez niego do muzeum obiekty są autentycznymi pamiątkami czy prochami sławnych Polaków, należy docenić jego zasługi w powstawaniu tej prześwietnej kolekcji.
Lenovo Schedules Laptop Manufacturing Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liang Yi , Sun Zan , Song Tianheng , Chou Qiang , Fan Wei , Fan Jianping , Rui Yong , Zhou Qiping , Bai Jessie , Yang Chun , Bai Peng
Published: February 2022

Lenovo Research teamed with members of the factory operations group at Lenovo’s largest laptop manufacturing facility, LCFC, to replace a manual production scheduling system with a decision-making platform built on a deep reinforcement learning architecture. The system schedules production orders at all LCFC’s 43 assembly manufacturing lines, balancing the relative priorities of production volume, changeover cost, and order fulfillment. The multiobjective optimization scheduling problem is solved using a deep reinforcement learning model. The approach combines high computing efficiency with a novel masking mechanism that enforces operational constraints to ensure that the machine-learning model does not waste time exploring infeasible solutions. The use of the new model transformed the production management process enabling a 20% reduction in the backlog of production orders and a 23% improvement in the fulfillment rate. It also reduced the entire scheduling process from six hours to 30 minutes while it retained multiobjective flexibility to allow LCFC to adjust quickly to changing objectives. The work led to increased revenue of US $1.91 billion in 2019 and US $2.69 billion in 2020 for LCFC. The methodology can be applied to other scenarios in the industry.
Plausible Screening Using Functional Properties for Simulations with Large Solution Spaces
Authors: Eckman David J. , Plumlee Matthew , Nelson Barry L.
Published: February 2022

Simulation Solution Screening Using Functional Properties

Simulation models today give rise to problems with large numbers of simulated scenarios or solutions—more than can be simulated exhaustively. Fortunately, users of these models may be able to verify or infer properties, such as convexity, of a performance measure of interest when viewed as a function over the space of solutions. In “Plausible Screening Using Functional Properties for Simulations with Large Solution Spaces,” Eckman, Plumlee and Nelson introduce a framework in which such properties are exploited to avoid simulating solutions with unacceptable performances. Their methods solve optimization problems that measure how well the result of a limited simulation experiment agrees with the claim that a solution is acceptable. These methods deliver desirable statistical guarantees of confidence and consistency. Numerical experiments illustrate how functional properties coupled with small simulation experiments can avoid many simulations for simulation-optimization problems.
The peculiarities of student educational and research skills formation on the Ukrainian language lessons in the context of the New Ukrainian school
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the NAPS of Ukraine, Novoselova Valentyna
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the student educational and research skills formation on the Ukrainian language lessons in the context of the State Standard for Basic Secondary Education that is implemented and reflects the conceptual foundations of the New Ukrainian School. The state regulatory documents have been analyzed and the attention is focused on the research component that is in the list of learning outcomes achieved in the language and literary branch of the State Standard of Basic Secondary Education. The essential characteristics of such definitions as «research activity», «research training», «educational research», «educational research skills» of students have been analyzed. Based on the analysis of psychological, pedagogical, linguistic and methodological literature the peculiarities of educational and research skill formation are revealed. The typology of teaching and research skills is presented. The author substantiates the features and types of educational and research skills and defines its didactic functions. The optimal teaching methods have been chosen that assist in the formation of educational and research skills in the Ukrainian language classes, and their effectiveness is substantiated. The theoretical theses have been illustrated with the examples of practical tasks. The criteria are provided to evaluate the educational research skills and their formation. The article identifies the prospects for further research related to the methodology of educational and research skill formation, its development, testing and implementation in the educational process with the help of curricula and Ukrainian language textbooks on the basis of research approach.
Reading competence as a basis for the formation of a media literate personality
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Tsinko Svitlana
Published: February 2022

The article examines the features of the formation and development of reading competence as the basis of a media literate personality of the student; the essence of reading competence as the ability of the individual to perceive and comprehend texts, information in order to realize themselves in society and future professional life is revealed. The views of methodological scholars on reading competence are presented. It was found that at the present stage of development of society there are some problems in the formation of reading competence.
Multimedia technologies as a means of information visualization in the educational process of preschool institutions
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kravchyshyna Olena
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of using multimedia technologies in the educational process of preschool educational institutions. The author analyzes the positions of modern scientists on the importance of presenting educational material using a computer. The definition of the essence of the concept of «multimedia technologies» is given and the didactic possibilities of multimedia teaching aids are characterized. The basic principles of introduction of multimedia technologies in the educational process of a preschool educational institution are determined and the specifics of presenting knowledge to preschool children by means of multimedia are revealed.
Comparison as a means of developing the speech of primary schoolchildren
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Rud Svetlana
Published: February 2022

The article examines the features of work on comparison as a means of developing the speech of primary schoolchildren. The importance of this work in the aspect of the development of mental and speech skills of primary schoolchildren, enrichment of their oral and written speech is noted. Based on the analysis of linguistic, methodological literature, the main functions of comparisons are highlighted, it is noted that the use of comparison helps the teacher to present new educational material in an accessible way, identify various connections in it, combine the subjects under consideration into groups, systematize and classify them and thereby achieve a more complete and deep knowledge studied objects and phenomena. The variety of exercises are proposed, the implementation of which will allow to demonstrate to younger students the cognitive, aesthetic, artistic value of comparisons for speech activity.
Practical aspects of using the methods of critical thinking in the philological training of future primary school teachers
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Pochynkova Mariia
Published: February 2022

The article presents in detail the practical aspects of using the methods of critical thinking in the philological training of future primary school teachers. The subjects of the philological cycle include the following educational components: oral and written communication and academic rhetoric, foreign language for professional purposes, children's literature with the basics of literary criticism, modern Ukrainian language with a workshop, teaching methods of language and literature education, speech culture with expressive reading workshop, national education in primary school in language and reading lessons. It was proposed to use different methods: methods of working with different types of texts, visual methods and techniques for organizing information, posing questions, methods of reflection, etc. The examples of tasks on the educational components of the philological cycle are given, which make it possible to effectively use the methods of critical thinking for its formation in the process of professional training. The most effective methods in the preparation of future primary school teachers are determined: conducting discussions, project activities, a self-assessment sheet, the use of semantic and graphic organizers, etc.
Formation of linguo-cultural competence of higher education seekers in the epoch of digital development
Authors:   MI ", Davydchenko Inna ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of linguistic and cultural competence of higher education students in the era of digital development. Modern education cannot be imagined without digital technologies that help to form the language, speech, linguistic, cultural and spelling competencies of higher education students. Thus, in our opinion, the use of digital technologies in the educational process is an urgent problem of modern education. Formation of linguistic and cultural competence in higher education institutions using digital technologies is carried out in accordance with new forms and methods of material implementation in project, distance learning, in the implementation of the program of individual educational route, interactive knowledge control tools, interactive posters, electronic versions of intellectual games, virtual tours, posters, trailers, book trailers, computer presentation with triggers and animation, etc. Thus, in our opinion, the «digitalization» of higher education institutions should be implemented in the following 6 areas: access to innovative technologies; access of higher education students to technologies (Student Accessibility); teachers' access to technology (Teacher Accessibility); administrators' access to technologies (Administration Accessibility); academic Internet (Fiber-to-the-Building and wi-fi models); «Digital» multimedia content; «Digital» competencies and literacy of teachers (facilitators, coaches) and applicants for higher education; video chat in Skype, Zoom, Viber and Telegram groups.
Preparation of maybutny teachers in the cob’s school before prophylaxis in bulling middle schools
Authors:   MI ", Akimova Olena ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the main aspects of preparing future primary school teachers for the prevention of bullying among schoolchildren. The content of psychological and physical forms of bullying in an educational institution is determined, the mechanisms of manifestation of signs of violence in the educational process according to D. Olveus are characterized; the indicators of the readiness of future teachers to prevent bullying in the educational space of an elementary school are determined, the role structure of bullying is revealed. The directions of the formation of competencies in the course of preparing future primary school teachers for the prevention of bullying are characterized: formation of competencies for involving junior schoolchildren in information campaigns of educational institutions, psychological and pedagogical trainings and individual programs for prevention of bullying; formation of competencies for conducting interactive forms of learning, which will provide an opportunity to develop skills and abilities of effective dialogic interaction with all participants in the educational process; formation of competencies to involve parents in trainings-seminars, thematic conversations, psychological and pedagogical games that will increase pedagogical awareness, literacy of all participants in the educational process in aspects of anti-bullying education of children. Thus, the generalization of scientific positions on the process of violence and bullying makes it possible to define it as a long-term and systematic aggression, which can take physical and psychological forms, make up a large part of the social life of primary school children.
Controlling of the projecting activities of future teachers based on feedback
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Dokuchaieva Viktoriia
Published: February 2022

The author investigates in the paper the problem of controlling of the projecting activities of future teachers based on feedback, which is a new subject for study in the educational branch. In consequence of clarifying the essence of the construct «controlling the projecting activities of future teachers based on feedback», determining its structure and technology the author proved of using the controlling of projecting activities on the basis of feedback as the most acceptable tool of the educational process, organized in distance schedule.
Personality Competitiveness: Genesis and Evolution of the Concept
Authors:   MI ", Repko Inna ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Odarchenko Veronika ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Zadorozhnya Yana ,   Kharkiv general education school of I-III degrees No. 111 of the Kharkiv city council of Kharkiv region
Published: February 2022

The article reveals the nature of competition and the phenomenology of competitiveness, which attracts attention and becomes the subject of study of various sciences, namely, social anthropology, pedagogical management, pedagogical psychology and more. Based on the generalization of the views of scientists on the research problem, revealed competitiveness as a multi-vector, polyphonic, integrative socially determined characteristic of personality, the development of which is due to external factors (labor market trends, specific socio-cultural situation, mentality, needs and internal conditions). behavioral strategies, professional competencies and personal potential). The essences of such concepts as «competition», «competitiveness», «competitiveness of the person» are analyzed.
Study of a complex sentence by applicants for higher philological education as a means of syntactic organization of an epistolary text (based on the material of O. Dovzhenko's epistolary)
Authors:   Oleksandr Dovzhenko Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University, Kalish Valentyna
Published: February 2022

The article emphasizes the advantages of the cognitive-communicative scientific paradigm focused on the study of language units based on the text. Accordingly, methodical recommendations are offered by students of higher philological education to study a complex sentence with the use of epistolary texts, especially O. Dovzhenko. To this end, the study of diary entries and letters of the writer, identified different types and varieties of complex sentences, analyzed their formal-syntactic, semantic organization and role in the communicative purpose of the text.Based on the analysis of syntactic units used in Dovzhenko's letters, it can be argued that complex constructions are dominant, which constitute the main part of the epistolary text, and therefore are an important means of its syntactic organization.Executing the epistolary texts of O. Dovzhenko suggested by the teacher, future teachers are convinced that in general complex sentences of different types, which are skillfully combined with each other in content and grammar, forming SSC, are mainly used to convey a whole stream of continuous thoughts of the author. (excitement, excitement, indignation, desire to do something, to achieve something, to share their plans), his reflections on the complex problems of life, and so on.Texts from the writer's epistolary involved in building a system of exercises for a certain topic of a complex sentence allow future philologists not only to consolidate theoretical knowledge, form relevant skills, but also to improve knowledge of epistolary, epistolary style, and form a nationally conscious personality.
Components of readiness for educational and cognitive activity of future teachers in the process of professional training
Authors:   MI ", Shaparenko Khrystyna ,   Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy",   of the Kharkiv Regional Council, Zozulia Oksana ,   MI "Kharkiv Humanitarian and Pedagogical Academy" of the Kharkiv Regional Council
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the problem of readiness for educational and cognitive activity of future teachers in the process of professional training in higher education establishment, theoretical and methodological foundations of formation and development of the teacher’s personality in the system of continuing pedagogical education. A number of contradictions of the research are identified: between the objective need for specialists who are ready for integrated educational and cognitive activity and the lack of available knowledge about the essence, content and organization of pedagogical process that ensures its implementation; focusing on the advanced nature of future teachers’ training, ready for systemic innovative transformations in the field of their professional activity and insufficient development of technologies for preparing students for such activity. The essence of the concept of readiness for certain types of activity, including educational and cognitive activity of applicants for higher education is revealed. The main theoretical approaches to the definition of «readiness» are characterized: historical, functional, personal. The concept of long-term and situational (temporary) readiness, their components and indicators are revealed. The concept of readiness for educational and cognitive activity is studied as a complex holistic formation; dynamic phenomenon; a system that is determined by internal and external factors and has its own structure. The essential characteristics of the components of readiness for educational and cognitive activity are represented: necessary-motivational, information-cognitive and reflexive-procedural.
Integrated comparative approach in methodological support for learning of terminological vocabulary of the speсiality
Authors:   State Institution Lugansk State Medical University, Karlova Tetiana , Hryshyna Olena ,   State Institution Lugansk State Medical University
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the search of new approaches in the process of development of methodological support for learning of language subjects with terminological orientation by medical students. The actuality of the problem is determined by the dissonance between the amount of information in language subjects which should be worked out obligatorily and the time given for its learning. The goal of the article is to analyze the ways of practical application of integrated comparative approach in methodological support for learning of terminological vocabulary of the subject. The following methods were used in the research: the method of analysis of scientific resources, descriptive method, method of comparative analysis, method of studying of positive experience and theoretical generalization of the results. The investigation reviews the peculiarities of integrated comparative approach in the process of formation of scientific content of language subjects for medical specialties. We showed the ways of practical realization of some elements of the approach in the process of learning of professional terminological vocabulary. We outlined the possibilities of usage of interactive topical vocabularies and interactive board in the process of lesson planning, based on integrated comparative approach to learning of vocabulary. The practical realization of the elements of integrated comparative approach is seen in the usage of four-language interactive terminological topical vocabularies, interactive presentations with hyperlinks and interactive online resources at practical lessons in the Latin, Ukrainian and English languages. Integrated comparative learning facilitates the complexity of learning of terminological vocabulary of the subject, develops analytical abilities and most importantly, this process has spontaneous, natural character, not compulsory or forced. The habit to analyze and compare terminological vocabulary, acquired at these lessons, gives the desired results in form of similar automatic interpretation of terminological vocabulary at the lessons in specialty subjects, and this becomes especially relevant in the process of realization of educational concept of Lifelong Learning.
Formation of the culture of academic integrity of future primary school teachers in the philological cycle
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kovalenko Kateryna
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of understanding the concept of «academic integrity», its content in relation to the formation of personal and professional characteristics of a competent specialist. It is shown that the main task of higher education institutions is to form a new type of personality with a high level of creative potential, able to respond mobile to social transformations in the future profession. The ways of forming the culture of academic integrity of primary school teachers in the philological cycle are considered. Examples of tasks used in philological classes in higher education institutions are presented. Academic integrity has gained special significance for the educational environment, and only joint efforts of the entire academic community may form the ultimate corporate culture of the university. It is necessary to deal comprehensively with tolerant attitude of students towards negative phenomena of violation of ethical principles in educational and scientific activities.
Detection of terpenoids and steroids in Lindsaea obtusa with thin layer chromatography
Authors: WUTSQA YUSFIA URWATUL , SURATMAN SURATMAN , SARI SITI LUSI ARUM
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Wutsqa YU, Suratman, Sari SA. 2021. Detection of terpenoids and steroids in Lindsaea obtusa with thin layer chromatography. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 65-69. The diversity of ferns on this earth is very high, and the potential and benefits for human life are ornamental plants, food materials, and medicines. The benefits of not all ferns are known because of the lack of information on these ferns, one of the ferns is Lindsaea obtusa J. Sm. Ex Hook. The phytochemical test is the first step in research, searching for new active compounds derived from natural ingredients. This study was conducted to determine the differences of terpenoid and steroid compounds profile in L. obtusa extract using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Extraction of L. obtusa using maceration techniques with methanol and n-hexane solvents. The extraction results will be used for phytochemical screening using the TLC technique with GF254 silica gel plate as a stationary phase, and a mobile phase is chloroform: n-hexane (9: 1 v/v), n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4: 1 v/v), and methanol: ethyl acetate (5: 1 v/v). Detection of terpenoid and steroids using Lieberman Burchard reagent. The result shows that L. obtusa extract contains terpenoid and steroid compounds. Quantitatively, the secondary metabolites of L. obtusa extract were soluble in methanol solvent more than the soluble compounds in n-hexane solvent. However, qualitatively, steroid compounds that dissolve in n-hexane solvents have a more varied Rf value than terpenoids, especially in the mobile phase of chloroform: n-hexane (9: 1 v/v) and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4: 1 v/v). L. obtusa contains more various steroid compounds than terpenoid compounds.
Physicochemical composition of some new craft beers consumed in Maroua town from Far North region of Cameroon
Authors: DIGUIR M. , LAYA A. , WANGSO H. , Bayang Jean Paul , KOUBALA B.B.
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Diguir M, Laya A, Wangso H, Bayang JP, Koubala BB. 2021. Physicochemical composition of some new craft beers consumed in Maroua town from Far North region of Cameroon. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem 19: 70-80. The work aimed to investigate the physicochemical composition of various craft beers (CB) and their distillates produced in Maroua town. The beers named “Bil-Bil”,“Cochette” and “Furdu" were collected both morning and evening time. Dry matter, pH, titratable acid, total dissolved solids, proteins, sugars, carbohydrates, amino acids and alcohol content were evaluated. The results showed that local beers had a pH ranged from 4.06 to 4.22, 4.15 to 3.84 and 3.53 to 3.37 for "Furdu", "Cochette" and “Bil-bil”, respectively. The alcohol varied between 5.40 and 6.92%, 1.08 and 5.10%, 1.73 and 2.88 for “Furdu”, “Cochette" and "Bil-bil", respectively. The sugars ranged from 11.85 to 19.05 mg/mL for “Furdu”, from 2.20 to 9.46 mg/mL for “Cochette” and from 9.92 to 19.78 mg/mL for "Bil-bil". For amino acids, the values varied from 3.40 to 7.37 mg /mL for “Furdu”, 3.98 to 6.01 mg / mL for “Cochette” and 2.95 to 3.24 mg/mL for “Bil-Bil”. Regarding protein, the values ranged from 0.80 to 0.85 mg/mL for these three CB. The distillates of CB collected evening showed high alcohol in fraction 1. Thus, these CB analysed can be promoted for alternative beer in Maroua town. Furthermore, the unsold CB can be distilled into ethanol.
Short-Term Changes of Frailty in Prematurely Aging Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Lin Shu-Yuan , Tseng Hui-Chen
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate short-term changes of frailty in adults and identify predictors of frailty and disability changes between baseline and the follow-up. A cohort study was conducted in 85 adults with intellectual disability (ID) in southern Taiwan. Variables of frailty phenotype, Barthel Index, fall, comorbidity, and hospitalization were measured at baseline and at a 9-month follow-up. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and generalized linear model technique were used for data analysis. The percentages of frailty and pre-frail conditions were high at baseline. Improvement or deterioration on frailty was noticed in 37.6% of participants. Disability and comorbidity were significant predictors to changes in frailty, and severity of ID and frailty conditions were significant predictors to changes in disability.
Compound Caregiving: Toward a Research Agenda
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Burke Meghan M. , Perkins Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2022

Aging family caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have unique circumstances setting them apart from the general caregiving population. Such differences include the extensive duration of the caregiving, and health concerns that manifest in the caregiver and individuals with IDD over time. Because of increasing longevity, family caregivers are likely to become compound caregivers (i.e., individuals caregiving for multiple people). Almost 70% of family caregivers of individuals with IDD experience compound caregiving, yet we know very little about compound caregiving. In this article, we highlight the importance of supporting compound caregivers by identifying research issues that address current challenges and future directions. Implications for research are noted, including the need for multidimensional outcome measures and longitudinal studies.
Deep learning image transmission through a multimode fiber based on a small training dataset
Authors: Song Binbin , Jin Chang , Wu Jixuan , Lin Wei , Liu Bo , Huang Wei , Chen Shengyong
Published: February 2022

An improved deep neural network incorporating attention mechanism and DSSIM loss function (AM_U_Net) is used to recover input images with speckles transmitted through a multimode fiber (MMF). The network is trained on a relatively small dataset and demonstrates an optimal reconstruction ability and generalization ability. Furthermore, a bimodal fusion method is developed based on S polarization and P polarization speckles, greatly improving the recognition accuracy. These findings prove that AM_U_Net has remarkable capabilities for information recovery and transfer learning and good tolerance and robustness under different MMF transmission conditions, indicating its significant application potential in medical imaging and secure communication.
Fast thermo-optical modulators with doped-silicon heaters operating at 2 µm: erratum
Authors: Zhong Chuyu , Ma Hui , Sun Chunlei , Wei Maoliang , Ye Yuting , Tang Bo , Zhang Peng , Liu Ruonan , Li Junying , Li Lan , Lin Hongtao
Published: February 2022

We correct the errors in the performance of the MRR modulator in our paper [Opt. Express 29, 23508, (2021)10.1364/OE.430756]. The FWHM of the MRR device should be 0.22nm instead of 0.11nm. And thus, the Q factor, power consumption, and FOM need to be corrected. After the correction, the performance of our devices was still the best among 2µm-waveband TO modulators. All the conclusions are not changed.
Obesity and risk of female reproductive conditions: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Venkatesh Samvida S. , Ferreira Teresa , Benonisdottir Stefania , Rahmioglu Nilufer , Becker Christian M. , Granne Ingrid , Zondervan Krina T. , Holmes Michael V. , Lindgren Cecilia M. , Wittemans Laura B. L.
Published: February 2022

Background

Obesity is observationally associated with altered risk of many female reproductive conditions. These include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis, infertility, and pregnancy-related disorders. However, the roles and mechanisms of obesity in the aetiology of reproductive disorders remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to estimate observational and genetically predicted causal associations between obesity, metabolic hormones, and female reproductive disorders.

Methods and findings

Logistic regression, generalised additive models, and Mendelian randomisation (MR) (2-sample, non-linear, and multivariable) were applied to obesity and reproductive disease data on up to 257,193 women of European ancestry in UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and WHR adjusted for BMI were observationally (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.02–1.87 per 1-SD increase in obesity trait) and genetically (ORs = 1.06–2.09) associated with uterine fibroids (UF), PCOS, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and pre-eclampsia. Genetically predicted visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was associated with the development of HMB (OR [95% CI] per 1-kg increase in predicted VAT mass = 1.32 [1.06–1.64],P= 0.0130), PCOS (OR [95% CI] = 1.15 [1.08–1.23],P= 3.24 × 10−05), and pre-eclampsia (OR [95% CI] = 3.08 [1.98–4.79],P= 6.65 × 10−07). Increased waist circumference posed a higher genetic risk (ORs = 1.16–1.93) for the development of these disorders and UF than did increased hip circumference (ORs = 1.06–1.10). Leptin, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance each mediated between 20% and 50% of the total genetically predicted association of obesity with pre-eclampsia. Reproductive conditions clustered based on shared genetic components of their aetiological relationships with obesity. This study was limited in power by the low prevalence of female reproductive conditions among women in the UK Biobank, with little information on pre-diagnostic anthropometric traits, and by the susceptibility of MR estimates to genetic pleiotropy.

Conclusions

We found that common indices of overall and central obesity were associated with increased risks of reproductive disorders to heterogenous extents in a systematic, large-scale genetics-based analysis of the aetiological relationships between obesity and female reproductive conditions. Our results suggest the utility of exploring the mechanisms mediating the causal associations of overweight and obesity with gynaecological health to identify targets for disease prevention and treatment.
The impact of pictorial health warnings on purchases of sugary drinks for children: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hall Marissa G. , Grummon Anna H. , Higgins Isabella C. A. , Lazard Allison J. , Prestemon Carmen E. , Avendaño-Galdamez Mirian I. , Taillie Lindsey Smith
Published: February 2022

Background

Pictorial warnings on tobacco products are promising for motivating behavior change, but few studies have examined pictorial warnings for sugary drinks, especially in naturalistic environments. This study aimed to examine the impact of pictorial warnings on parents’ purchases of sugary drinks for their children in a naturalistic store laboratory.

Methods and findings

Parents of children ages 2 to 12 (n = 325, 25% identifying as Black, 20% Hispanic) completed a shopping task in a naturalistic store laboratory in North Carolina. Participants were randomly assigned to a pictorial warnings arm (sugary drinks displayed pictorial health warnings about type 2 diabetes and heart damage) or a control arm (sugary drinks displayed a barcode label). Parents selected 1 beverage and 1 snack for their child, as well as 1 household good; one of these items was selected for them to purchase and take home. The primary outcome was whether parents purchased a sugary drink for their child. Secondary outcomes included reactions to the trial labels, attitudes toward sugary drinks, and intentions to serve their child sugary drinks. Pictorial warnings led to a 17-percentage point reduction in purchases of sugary drinks (95% CI for reduction: 7% to 27%), with 45% of parents in the control arm buying a sugary drink for their child compared to 28% in the pictorial warning arm (p = 0.002). The impact of pictorial warnings on purchases did not differ by any of the 13 participant characteristics examined (e.g., race/ethnicity, income, education, and age of child). Pictorial warnings also led to lower calories (kcal), purchased from sugary drinks (82 kcal in the control arm versus 52 kcal in the pictorial warnings arm, p = 0.003). Moreover, pictorial warnings led to lower intentions to serve sugary drinks to their child, feeling more in control of healthy eating decisions, greater thinking about the harms of sugary drinks, stronger negative emotional reactions, greater anticipated social interactions, lower perceived healthfulness of sugary drinks for their child, and greater injunctive norms to limit sugary drinks for their child (all p < 0.05). There was no evidence of difference between trial arms on noticing of the labels, appeal of sugary drinks, perceived amount of added sugar in sugary drinks, risk perceptions, or perceived tastiness of sugary drinks (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Pictorial warnings reduced parents’ purchases of sugary drinks for their children in this naturalistic trial. Warnings on sugary drinks are a promising policy approach to reduce sugary drink purchasing in the US.

Trial registration

The trial design, measures, power calculation, and analytic plan were registered before data collection at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT04223687.
Risks of specific congenital anomalies in offspring of women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies including over 80 million births
Authors: Zhang Tie-Ning , Huang Xin-Mei , Zhao Xin-Yi , Wang Wei , Wen Ri , Gao Shan-Yan
Published: February 2022

Background

Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) has been known to be a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs) for decades. However, the associations between maternal PGDM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of specific types of CHDs and congenital anomalies (CAs) in other systems remain under debate. We aimed to investigate type-specific CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and to examine the extent to which types of maternal diabetes are associated with increased risk of CAs in offspring.

Methods and findings

We searched PubMed and Embase from database inception to 15 October 2021 for population-based studies reporting on type-specific CAs in offspring born to women with PGDM (combined type 1 and 2) or GDM, with no limitation on language. Reviewers extracted data for relevant outcomes and performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and multivariable meta-regression. Risk of bias appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021229217). Primary outcomes were overall CAs and CHDs. Secondary outcomes were type-specific CAs. Overall, 59 population-based studies published from 1990 to 2021 with 80,437,056 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of the participants, 2,407,862 (3.0%) women had PGDM and 2,353,205 (2.9%) women had GDM. The meta-analyses showed increased risks of overall CAs/CHDs in offspring born to women with PGDM (for overall CAs, relative risk [RR] = 1.99, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.17,P< 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.77 to 4.32,P< 0.001) or GDM (for overall CAs, RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23,P< 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.64,P< 0.001). The results of the meta-regression analyses showed significant differences in RRs of CAs/CHDs in PGDM versus GDM (allP< 0.001). Of the 23 CA categories, excluding CHD-related categories, in offspring, maternal PGDM was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAs in 21 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.57 (for hypospadias, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) to 18.18 (for holoprosencephaly, 95% CI 4.03 to 82.06). Maternal GDM was associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of CAs in 9 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.14 (for limb reduction, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) to 5.70 (for heterotaxia, 95% CI 1.09 to 29.92). The main limitation of our analysis is that some high significant heterogeneity still persisted in both subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed an increased rate of CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and noted the differences for PGDM versus GDM. The RRs of overall CAs and CHDs in offspring of women with PGDM were higher than those in offspring of women with GDM. Screening for diabetes in pregnant women may enable better glycemic control, and may enable identification of offspring at risk for CAs.
Silver diamine fluoride and oral health-related quality of life: A review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Ruff Ryan Richard , Whittemore Rachel , Grochecki Martyna , Bateson Jillian , Barry Godín Tamarinda J.
Published: February 2022

Objective

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective non-surgical treatment for dental caries which may also impact oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objective of this study was to conduct a network meta-analysis of SDF versus other standard of care therapies on OHRQoL.

Data sources

Studies published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, or Web of Science through July 2021 with no date or language restrictions.

Study selection

Any randomized controlled trial, cohort, or case-control study that included silver diamine fluoride as either a single or combinative treatment for dental caries and a quantitatively measured outcome for oral health-related quality of life was included.

Data extraction and synthesis

Potentially eligible studies were screened by two independent reviewers trained in conducting systematic reviews. Studies meeting inclusion criteria underwent a full-text review with data being extracted using a standardized form, including publication details, study methodology, outcomes, assessors, and sample information. Studies underwent a risk of bias assessment. Quantitative synthesis was performed using fixed effects meta-analysis and individual comparisons were assessed via network meta-analysis.

Main outcome(s) and measure(s)

Oral health-related quality of life.

Results

19 articles were returned following search strategies. Following screening, ten studies were evaluated for full-text eligibility and five were retained for meta-analyses. Results across all treatments indicate no differences in OHRQoL when compared to SDF (SMD = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.08). Direct and indirect estimates from network meta-analysis indicated that OHRQoL in children was not significantly different when treated with SDF versus atraumatic restorations (d = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.32, 0.36) or placebo (d = 0.03, 95% CI = -0.16, 0.22).

Conclusions

Evidence from the literature consistently shows no discernible impact on OHRQoL across various non-surgical treatments for dental caries. Overall oral health-related quality of life may increase regardless of treatment protocol due to treatment of the underlying disease. Concerns over the staining of dental decay and oral mucosa resulting from treatment with silver diamine fluoride do not seem to affect OHRQoL.