bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientometric aspects of medical eponyms
Authors: Schubert András
Published: September 2014

Eponyms, scientific concepts named after persons, have a long tradition in medical sciences. Their emergence and use are rather instructive from the aspects of scientometrics, as well. Using a medical sample it is shown that although references to publications giving origin to the eponyms inevitably get obliterated, their citation rate is still many times higher than that of other publications of the same age. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(36), 1445–1447.
A GPU-accelerated shallow flow model for tsunami simulations
Authors: Amouzgar Reza , Liang Qiuhua , Smith Luke
Published: September 2014

This work presents a numerical model for tsunami propagation and inundation, which solves two-dimensional shallow water equations using a finite-volume Godunov-type numerical scheme incorporating a Harten–Lax–van Leer–contact (HLLC) approximate Riemann solver. To improve the computational efficiency for high-resolution tsunami simulations that commonly cover large spatial domains, the model is implemented for graphics processing units using compute unified device architecture (CUDA). The accelerated tsunami model is used to simulate an idealised dam-break case involving 1 million uniform computational cells and a laboratory tsunami propagation and run-up test with complex domain topographic features. Compared with a Fortran code for the same numerical scheme running on a standard personal computer, the model is able to reduce computational time by more than 40 times.
Cross‐sectional and temporal relationships between bird occupancy and vegetation cover at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Cunningham Ross , Lindenmayer David , Barton Philip , Ikin Karen , Crane Mason , Michael Damian , Okada Sachiko , Gibbons Philip , Stein John
Published: September 2014

Scale is a key concept in ecology, but the statistically based quantification of scale effects has often proved difficult. This is exemplified by the challenges of quantifying relationships between biodiversity and vegetation cover at different spatial scales to guide restoration and conservation efforts in agricultural environments. We used data from 2002 to 2010 on 184 sites (viz., site scale) nested within 46 farms (the farm scale), nested within 23 landscapes (the landscape scale). We found cross‐sectional relationships with the amount of vegetation cover that were typically positive for woodland birds and negative for open‐country birds. However, for some species, relationships differed between spatial scales, suggesting differences in nesting and foraging requirements. There was a 3.5% increase in the amount of native vegetation cover in our study region between 2002 and 2010, and our analyses revealed that some open country species responded negatively to these temporal changes, typically at the farm and/or site scale, but not the landscape scale. Species generally exhibited stronger cross‐sectional relationships with the amount of vegetation cover than relationships between changes in occupancy and temporal changes in vegetation cover. This unexpected result can be attributed to differences in habitat use by birds of existing vegetation cover (typically old‐growth woodland) vs. plantings and natural regeneration, which are the main contributors to temporal increases in vegetation cover. By taking a multi‐scaled empirical approach, we have identified species‐specific, scale‐dependent responses to vegetation cover. These findings are of considerable practical importance for understanding which species will respond to different scales of protection of existing areas of native vegetation, efforts to increase the amount of native vegetation over time, and both approaches together.
Comparing seed dispersal effectiveness by frugivores at the community level
Authors: González-Castro Aarón , Calviño-Cancela María , Nogales Manuel
Published: September 2014

Seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) is the contribution of dispersers to plant recruitment and is estimated as the product of the number of seeds dispersed (quantity) and the probability of recruitment of each dispersed seed (quality). Although SDE is a key concept in seed dispersal ecology, few studies estimate SDE and none has a community approach. Oceanic islands, with simple communities, are ideal for this purpose. In this study, we compared the SDE of the main types of dispersers (lizards and passerine birds) at the community level in a given habitat. We estimated SDE using a stochastic simulation model parameterized with empirical data on quantity and quality components measured throughout the recruitment process. Although lizards are highly frugivorous and their density was ~20 times higher than that of birds, lizards and birds dispersed a similar quantity of seeds. This may be due to lower intake of seeds by lizards due to their slower metabolism (~20 times lower than birds). This low metabolic rate limits the importance of lizards as seed dispersers, but it is compensated by extraordinarily high lizard densities in the study area (~9600 individuals/km2). High densities of lizards are typical of islands, and this helps to explain why dispersal by lizards seems mainly an island phenomenon. Birds and lizards showed functional complementarity, especially regarding seed dispersal distribution patterns. In fact, lizards dispersed more seeds in shrublands and open sites, and birds in woodlands and beneath canopies, with their joint contribution helping to maximize recruitment. Lizards provided higher SDE than birds for 7 out of 11 plant species. The disperser with a higher quantity for a given plant generally had the higher quality, and plants could be classified as bird‐ or lizard‐dependent for dispersal. This dependence increased when considering SDE instead of dispersal quantity only. Moreover, quality was a better predictor of SDE than quantity, which should be considered when parameterizing interaction networks, as this might affect inferences about their architecture.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 index as a possible parameter for predicting acute coronary syndrome in diabetics
Authors: Popovic Srdjan , Canovic Fadil , Ilic Miroljub , Rafajlovski Saso , Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic Vesna , Matanovic Dragana , Vujovic Svetlana , Djordjevic Predrag , Gostiljac Drasko
Published: September 2014

Background/Aim. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) index is the ratio of
active MMP-9 and total MMP-9 levels. It reflects the importance of MMP-9 in
acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods. The study included 3 groups of
patients (n = 87): the group 1 - non-diabetic subjects without ACS
(control); the group 2 - diabetic patients with ACS [subgroups with unstable
angina pectoris (UAP), myocardial infarction (MI) or reinfarction]; and the
group 3 non-diabetics patients with ACS. Total and active MMP-9 were
measured and used to create MMP-9 index. Results. MMP-9 index, as a marker
showed good sensitivity and specificity, of ACS in diabetics, with a cut-off
value over 58.2. MMP-9 was higher in the study groups than in the control
one. MMP-9 correlated with ACS occurrence and type of cardiovascular event.
A statistically significant difference was found among the groups according
to active MMP-9 (p < 0.001). The same was found with active MMP-9 between
the control and the group with MI (p < 0.001). The control was highly
statistically significantly different from the group of patients with UAP (p
< 0.01). Statically significant differences in MMP-9 index was found between
the control and the diabetics with ACS (p < 0.001). Statistically
significant difference of MMP-9 index was also found in the controls
compared to the value in non-diabetic patients with ACS (p < 0.01).
Conclusion. MMP-9 index may be a possible marker of atheromatous plaque
rupture in diabetics.
Relationship of short-course preoperative radiotherapy and serum albumin level with postoperative complications in rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Trifunovic Bratislav , Krsic Jovan , Bezmarevic Mihailo , Grbovic Dragan , Zeljkovic Dejan , Neskovic Branimir , Soldatovic Ivan , Prelevic Rade , Mirkovic Darko
Published: September 2014

Background/Aim. The identification of risk factors could play a role in
improving early postoperative outcome for rectal cancer surgery patients.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between short-course
preoperative radiotherapy (RT), serum albumin level and the development of
postoperative complications in patients after anterior rectal resection due
to rectal cancer without creation of diverting stoma. Methods. This
retrospective study included patients with histopathologically confirmed
adenocarcinoma of the rectum by and the clinical stage of T2-T4 operated on
between 2007 and 2012. All the patients underwent open anterior rectal
resection with no diverting stoma creation. Preoperative serum albumin was
measured in each patient. Tumor location was noted intraoperatively as the
distance from the inferior tumor margin to the anal verge. Tumor size was
measured and noted by the pathologist who assessed specimens. Some of the
patients received short-course preoperative RT, and some did not. The
patients were divided into two groups (group 1 with short-course
preoperative RT, group 2 with no short-course preoperative RT).
Postoperative complications included clinically apparent anastomotic
leakage, wound infection, diffuse peritonitis and pneumonia. They were
compared between the groups, in relation to preoperative serum albumin
level, patients age, tumor size and location. Results. The study included
107 patients (51 in the group 1 and 56 in the group 2). There were no
significant difference in age (p = 0.95), and gender (p = 0.12) and tumor
distance from anal verge (p = 0.53). The size of rectal carcinoma was
significantly higher in the group 1 than in the group 2 (51.37 ? 12.04 mm vs
45.57 ? 9.81 mm, respectively; p = 0.007). The preoperative serum albumin
level was significantly lower in the group 1 than in the group 2 (34.80 ?
2.85 g/L vs 37.55 ? 2.74 g/L, respectively; p < 0.001). A significant
correlation between the tumor size and the serum albumin level was found (p
= 0.042). Overall, postoperative complications were observed in 13 (25.5%)
patients in the group 1 and in 10 (17.8%) patients in the group 2 with
significant difference between the groups (p = 0.18). A significantly lower
level of serum albumin was found in patients postoperative complications and
in those who died. A significant difference in anastomotic leakage
occurrence between groups was also found (p = 0.039). Male gender and the
lower level of serum albumin were significant predictors for anastomotic
leakage occurrence (p = 0.05 and p = 0.002, respectively), but preoperative
RT had no significant impact on it. Conclusions. A lower serum albumin
level, but not short-course of preoperative RT, was significantly associated
with postoperative complications development after rectal resection with no
diverting stoma.
Meta-analysis on the mandibular dimensions effects of the MARA appliance in patients with Class II malocclusions
Authors: Al-Jewair Thikriat S.
Published: September 2014

Objectives: 

To evaluate the short- and long-term effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) on mandibular dimensions in patients with Class II malocclusion and to assess the stability of the MARA results.

Materials and Methods: 

Multiple electronic databases were searched for articles published in any language until March 2014. A manual search was also performed of reference lists of retrieved articles. The primary outcomes were the short-and long-term effects of the MARA appliance on mandible dimensions. The secondary outcome was postretention stability. Outcome measures were total mandibular unit length, corpus length, and ramus height. Two reviewers examined all articles independently and assessed their methodologic quality. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. The Cochrane test and the I2 statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was evaluated.

Results: 

Seven retrospective clinical controlled studies that compared MARA with controls were included. Three of the studies were medium quality; the rest were low quality. Meta-analysis of the short-term effects revealed a significant increase in total mandibular unit length (1.16 mm/y) and ramus height (1.58 mm/y) with MARA and a nonsignificant increase in corpus length (0.21 mm/y). Analyses of the long-term effects showed a statistically significant advantage of MARA over controls for all three variables, but the effect sizes were small. More high-quality studies are warranted.

Conclusions: 

The MARA appliance produced statistically significant mandibular growth enhancement in the short- and long-term. These findings, however, may not be clinically significant.
Dancing and Calculating: Culturally sustainable development and globalization in light of two paradigms of socio-cultural evolution
Authors: Katunarić Vjeran
Published: September 2014

Globalization challenges the usefulness of different paradigms of socio-cultural evolution and opens the possibility for their hybridization. In this paper, two paradigms of evolution, the transformational (Spencerian) and the variational / selectionist (Darwinian), as discerned by Fracchia and Lewontin (1999), are examined along with their social theoretical counterparts. Most social theories of development are connected to different evolutionary paradigms in different historical contexts. The transformational paradigm prevailed until the end of the Cold War (e.g. theories of modernization), and the selectionist paradigm, in various theoretical forms, thereafter (e.g. Huntington, Eisenstadt). Most developmental policies today prefer the selectionist paradigm in terms of the neoliberal free market. The transformational paradigm in development policies was predominant in the era of the welfare state in the West, and its counterpart in the era of the statism of the East. Sustainable development in a socio-cultural sense is the youngest and the least consistent policy concept, and it is not founded on the evolution paradigms. The concept was launched by the UN as an attempt at mediating, mostly on the grounds of ecological alarms, between the free-market and statist policies. The author considers the hybridization of these two paradigms to be a proper conceptual foundation of sustainable development. On this premise, he expounds the concept of a culturally oriented sustainable development, arguing that hybrids of developmental policies are more suitable for a decent survival of most countries.
Effect of Soret and Temperature Dependent Viscosity on Thermohaline Convection in a Ferrofluid Saturating a Porous Medium
Authors: Sekar R. , Raju K.
Published: September 2014

Soret driven ferrothermoconvective instability in multi-component fluids has a wide range of applications in heat and mass transfer. This paper deals with the theoretical investigation of the effect of temperature dependent viscosity on a Soret driven ferrothermohaline convection heated from below and salted from above subjected to a transverse uniform magnetic field in the presence of a porous medium. The Brinkman model is used in the study. It is found that the stationary mode of instability is preferred. For a horizontal fluid layer contained between two free boundaries an exact solution is examined using the normal mode technique for a linear stability analysis. The effect of salinity has been included in magnetization and density of the fluid. The critical thermal magnetic Rayleigh number for the onset of instability is obtained numerically for sufficiently large values of the buoyancy magnetization parameter M1 using the method of numerical Galerkin technique. It is found that magnetization and permeability of the porous medium destabilize the system. The effect of temperature dependent viscosity stabilizes the system on the onset of convection.
Phase Velocity and Attenuation of Longitudinal Shear Vibrations of Hollow Poroelastic Cylinders
Authors: Ahmed Shah S. , Javvad Hussaini S.
Published: September 2014

The present paper is devoted to the study of phase velocity and attenuation of longitudinal shear vibrations of hollow poroelastic circular cylinders in the presence of dissipation. The explicit expressions for phase velocity and attenuation of longitudinal shear vibrations are derived. The frequency equation of longitudinal shear vibrations and modes obtained in a previous paper are used to compute the phase velocity and attenuation for different dissipations for thin and thick poroelastic cylindrical shells and poroelastic solid cylinder. The physical parameters of sandstone saturated with kerosene and sandstone saturated with water are used for the purpose of computation. It is found that the phase velocity is linear beyond certain frequency. Phase velocity is smaller for a typical anti-symmetric mode compared to the flexural mode. It is greater for the second mode than that of the first mode. Also the phase velocity is larger for a thin poroelastic cylindrical shell than that of a thick poroelastic cylindrical shell. The same is true for attenuation also. Attenuation is very high for the considered dissipations and it increases with the increase in dissipation.
Interaction Due to Mechanical Source in Generalized Thermo Microstretch Elastic Medium
Authors: Singh R. , Kumar V.
Published: September 2014

The eigen value approach, following the Laplace and Hankel transformation has been employed to find a general solution of the field equations in a generalized thermo microstretch elastic medium for an axisymmetric problem. An infinite space with the mechanical source has been applied to illustrate the utility of the approach. The integral transformations have been inverted by using a numerical inversion technique to obtain normal displacement, normal force stress, couple stress and microstress in the physical domain. Numerical results are shown graphically
Unexpected Final Vowel Retention in Malakula
Authors: Lynch John
Published: September 2014

Almost all of the thirty or so languages of Malakula in Central Vanuatu show a rule deleting
word-final Proto-Oceanic vowels, suggesting that wholesale final vowel deletion might be reconstructible to
Proto-Malakula. Two sets of languages, however, show vowel deletion only in certain phonological contexts
(and those contexts are different), and retain final vowels in other contexts: a group of four languages in the
north, and the Ninde language in the southwest. This paper describes vowel deletion in these languages,
and shows that the process of wholesale final vowel deletion, far from being an early rule in Malakula, must
have occurred well after Proto-Malakula broke up into various descendant groups or languages, and that it
probably occurred on at least seven different independent occasions.
Investigating Jeffery-Hamel flow with high magnetic field and nanoparticle by HPM and AGM
Authors: Rostami A. , Akbari M. , Ganji D. , Heydari S.
Published: September 2014

In this study, the effects of magnetic field and nanoparticle on the Jeffery-Hamel flow are studied using two powerful analytical methods, Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and a simple and innovative approach which we have named it Akbari-Ganji’s Method(AGM). Comparisons have been made between HPM, AGM and Numerical Method and the acquired results show that these methods have high accuracy for different values of α, Hartmann numbers, and Reynolds numbers. The flow field inside the divergent channel is studied for various values of Hartmann number and angle of channel. The effect of nanoparticle volume fraction in the absence of magnetic field is investigated.

It is necessary to represent some of the advantages of choosing the new method, AGM, for solving nonlinear differential equations as follows: AGM is a very suitable computational process and is applicable for solving various nonlinear differential equations. Moreover, in AGM by solving a set of algebraic equations, complicated nonlinear equations can easily be solved and without any mathematical operations such as integration, the solution of the problem can be obtained very simply and easily. It is notable that this solution procedure, AGM, can help students with intermediate mathematical knowledge to solve a broad range of complicated nonlinear differential equations.
First Trip Abroad: Expectations, Experiences and Stories of Transnational Romanians
Authors: Croitoru Alin
Published: September 2014

The paper analyzes transnational Romanians’ stories about their first trip abroad. The concept of physical mobility is seen in a broader framework for understanding transnational and cosmopolitan behaviours as well as international migration. In order to distinguish between different types of travelling for the first trip abroad the article is constructed keeping in mind the structural changes and constraints regarding physical mobility for Romanian citizens. During the process of transition from a communist country to the status of EU member, Romanian citizens’ stories about travelling abroad for the first time fundamentally changed. Labour migrants, asylum seekers, business travellers, students or tourists left the countries with different expectations and faced different problems at destination. Their attitudes toward origin and destination framed their images about the first trip abroad. Using a qualitative approach and samples of Romanians who live in Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain and the United Kingdom, the analysis emphasizes certain differences between different types of travelling for the first time abroad and reconstructs how Romanians started their transnational careers
From Progress to Happiness: Measurements for Latin America
Authors: Levy-Carciente Sary , Phélan Luis Mauricio , Perdomo Jhoner
Published: September 2014

This paper is based on a transformed concept of development: from a concept of development that is single-dimensional, concrete, and mainly quantitative, into one that is multidimensional. We focus on the components of development, the measurement of which includes qualitative observations of its effect on final beneficiaries. Because a useful understanding of development policies requires an evaluation of all the different metrics that emerge, we evaluate the development indices of 19 Latin American countries. The most recent theoretical perspectives link development to both liberal philosophy - focusing on the many dimensions of human society and the fundamental rights of the individual - and utilitarianism - emphasizing an evaluation of the success of various development policies and the usefulness of their outcomes.
On Commutation Properties of the Composition Relation of Convergent and Divergent Permutations (Part I)
Authors: Wituła Roman , Hetmaniok Edyta , Słota Damian
Published: September 2014

In the paper we present the selected properties of composition relation of the convergent and divergent permutations connected with commutation. We note that a permutation on ℕ is called the convergent permutation if for each convergent series ∑an of real terms, the p-rearranged series ∑ap(n) is also convergent. All the other permutations on ℕ are called the divergent permutations. We have proven, among others, that, for many permutations p on ℕ, the family of divergent permutations q on ℕ commuting with p possesses cardinality of the continuum. For example, the permutations p on ℕ having finite order possess this property. On the other hand, an example of a convergent permutation which commutes only with some convergent permutations is also presented.
Stereotactic radiosurgery with and without embolization for intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhong Junjie , Ray Abhishek , Manjila Sunil , Bambakidis Nicholas C.
Published: September 2014

Object

The effectiveness and risk of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of partially embolized intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remain controversial. The aim of this analysis was to assess current evidence regarding the efficiency and safety of SRS for AVM patients with and without prior embolization.

Methods

To compare SRS in patients with and without embolization, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of studies by searching the literature via PubMed and EMBASE for the period between January 2000 and December 2013, complemented by a hand search. Primary outcome was the rate of AVM obliteration on a 3-year follow-up angiogram. Secondary outcome was the rate of hemorrhage at 3 years after SRS. Tertiary outcome was permanent neurological deficits related to radiation-induced changes.

Results

Ten studies eligible for analysis included 1988 patients: 593 had undergone embolization followed by SRS and 1395 had undergone SRS alone. The AVM obliteration rate was significantly lower in patients who had undergone embolization followed by SRS than in those who had undergone SRS alone (41.0% vs 59%, OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.37–0.56, p < 0.00001). However, the rates of hemorrhage (7.3% vs 5.6%, OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.74–1.83, p = 0.50) and permanent neurological deficits related to radiation-induced changes (3.3% vs 3.4%, OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.64–3.11, p = 0.39) were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions

Embolization before SRS significantly decreases the AVM obliteration rate. However, there is no significant difference in the risk of hemorrhage and permanent neurological deficits after SRS alone and following embolization. Further validation by well-designed prospective or randomized cohort studies is still needed.
Curing arteriovenous malformations using embolization
Authors: Potts Matthew B. , Zumofen Daniel W. , Raz Eytan , Nelson Peter K. , Riina Howard A.
Published: September 2014

Endovascular embolization is typically reserved as an adjuvant therapy in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), either for preoperative devascularization or preradiosurgical volume reduction. Curative embolization plays a limited role in AVM treatment but several studies have shown that it is possible, especially with later-generation liquid embolic agents. Given the complexity of AVM anatomy and the recent controversies over the role of any intervention in AVM management, it is critical that the cerebrovascular community better define the indications of each treatment modality to provide quality AVM management. In this review, the authors evaluate the role of curative AVM embolization. Important considerations in the feasibility of curative AVM embolization include whether it can be performed reliably and safely, and whether it is a durable cure. Studies over the past 20 years have begun to define the anatomical factors that are amenable to complete endovascular occlusion, including size, feeding artery anatomy, AVM morphology, and endovascular accessibility. More recent studies have shown that highly selected patients with AVMs can be treated with curative intent, leading to occlusion rates as high as 100% of such prospectively identified lesions with minimal morbidity. Advances in endovascular technology and techniques that support the efficacy and safety of curative embolization are discussed, as is the importance of superselective diagnostic angiography. Finally, the durability of curative embolization is analyzed. Overall, while still unproven, endovascular embolization has the potential to be a safe, effective, and durable curative treatment for select AVMs, broadening the armamentarium with which one can treat this disease.
Stereotactic radiosurgery of intracranial arteriovenous malformations and the use of the K index in determining treatment dose
Authors: Missios Symeon , Bekelis Kimon , Al-Shyal Gasser , Rasmussen Peter A. , Barnett Gene H.
Published: September 2014

Object

The appropriate dose during stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains a matter of debate. In the present study, the authors retrospectively evaluated the association of using a prescribed dose calculated utilizing the K index with the obliteration rate of cerebral AVMs after SRS.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the Cleveland Clinic SRS database. All patients undergoing Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral AVMs from 1997 to 2010 were selected. Regression techniques and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate the effect of divergence from the optimal K index dose on the rate of AVM obliteration.

Results

In the study period 152 patients (mean age 43.6 years; 53.9% of treatments were performed in females) underwent 165 Gamma Knife radiosurgery treatments for AVMs. In a univariate analysis Spetzler-Martin grade (OR 0.63 [95% CI 0.42–0.93]), higher AVM score (OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27–0.70]), larger AVM volume (OR 0.88 [95% CI 0.82–0.94]), and higher maximum diameter (OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.41–0.77]) were associated with a lower rate of AVM obliteration. Higher margin dose (OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.08–1.24]) and higher maximum dose (OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.04–1.13]) were associated with a higher obliteration rate. To further examine the effect of prescribed dose divergence from the calculated K index dose, cases were classified to groups depending on the AVM volume and dose variance from the ideal K index dose. Contingency tables and Kaplan-Meier curves were then created, and no significant differences in rates of obliteration were noted among the different groups.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral AVMs remains an effective and safe treatment modality. Smaller AVMs may receive doses less than the calculated K index dose without an apparent effect on obliteration rates.
Resection of a cervical dumbbell schwannoma with stabilization through a single stage extended posterior approach
Authors: McCormick Paul C.
Published: September 2014

Dumbbell tumors of the cervical spine can present considerable management challenges related to adequate exposure of both intraspinal and paraspinal tumor components, potential injury to the vertebral artery, and spinal stability. This video demonstrates the microsurgical removal of a large cervical dumbbell schwannoma with instrumented fusion via a single stage extended posterior approach. The video shows patient positioning, tumor exposure, and the sequence and techniques of tumor resection, vertebral artery identification and protection, and dural repair.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/3lIVfKEcxss.
Microsurgical obliteration of a thoracic spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Caplan Justin M. , Groves Mari , Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Kim Jennifer E. , Liauw Jason , Bydon Ali , Tamargo Rafael J.
Published: September 2014

Spinal vascular lesions are rare and may be classified as a) dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), b) arteriovenous malformations, or c) perimedullary AVFs. In this narrated video illustration, we present the case of a 71-year-old woman who presented with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and urinary retention who was diagnosed with a thoracic spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistula. The diagnostic studies included a thoracic MRI and spinal angiogram. A multilevel thoracic laminoplasty was performed for microsurgical obliteration of the AVF. The techniques of intraoperative angiography, thoracic laminoplasty and microsurgical obliteration and resection of the AVF are reviewed.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/5vVp3oq5sLg.
Resection of spinal hemangioblastoma
Authors: Lanzino Giuseppe , Morales-Valero Saul F. , Krauss William E.
Published: September 2014

Spinal cord hemangioblastomas occur as sporadic lesions or in the setting of Von Hippel-Lindau disease. In this intraoperative video we present a case of sporadic cervical cord hemangioblastoma and illustrate the main surgical steps to achieve safe and complete resection which include: identification and division of the feeding arteries; careful circumferential dissection of the tumor from the surrounding gliotic cord; identification, isolation and division of the main venous drainage and single piece removal of the tumor.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/I7DxqRrfTxc.
On Square Divisor Cordial Graphs
Authors: Vaidya S. K. , Shah N. H.
Published: September 2014

The square divisor cordial labeling is a variant of cordial labeling and divisor cordial labeling. Here we prove that the graphs like flower Fln, bistar Bn,n, square graph of Bn,n, shadow graph of Bn,n as well as splitting graphs of star Kl,n and bistar  Bn,n are square divisor cordial graphs. Moreover we show that the degree splitting graphs of  Bn,n and Pn admit square divisor cordial labeling. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.16412 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 445-455 (2014)
Effect of Gluten-free Composite Flour on Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Cracker Biscuits
Authors: Jothi J. S. , Hashem S. , Rana M. R. , Rahman M. R. T. , Shams-Ud-Din M.
Published: September 2014

Coeliac disease is an antibody-mediated enteropathy that presents permanent intolerance to ingested gluten, for which only treatment is lifelong devotion to a gluten-free diet. The aim of this study was to produce and investigate cracker biscuits prepared from gluten-free composite flour. Gluten was separated from wheat flour to make gluten-free wheat flour (GFWF). Raw rice, Bengal gram, fresh potatoes and Italian millet were dried and ground into powder. The cracker biscuits were prepared by incorporating different levels of gluten-free composite flour. The cracker biscuits were investigated for their physico-chemical and sensory properties. The spread ratio of control biscuits containing only 100% wheat flour was higher but weight was lower than other cracker biscuits containing gluten-free composite flour. Chemical analysis showed that gluten-free cracker biscuits had higher moisture, ash, and fat content, while lower protein content than control biscuits. The sensory results showed that overall acceptability, taste, flavor and texture scores differed significantly (p<0.05). The cracker biscuits containing 45% gluten-free wheat flour, 25% rice flour, 15% Bengal gram flour, 10% potato flour and 5% Italian millet flour was the favorite sample of the sensory evaluation with the highest overall acceptability among all types of gluten-free cracker biscuits. © 2014 JSR Publications. SSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.16531 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 521-530 (2014)
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablets of Cefpodoxime Proxetil
Authors: Kukati L. , Chittimalli K. , Shaik N. B.
Published: September 2014

In the present investigation, an attempt was made to develop gastro retentive tablets of cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) using locust bean gum as release retarded material. CP is an orally administered, extended spectrum, semi-synthetic antibiotic of cephalosporin class. CP has a short elimination half-life and also possesses high solubility, chemical, enzymatic stability and absorption profiles in acidic pH which makes CP suitable candidate for formulating it as gastro retentive dosage form for improved bioavailability. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used as effervescent agents to get desired floating properties. The tablets prepared were evaluated and found to have acceptable physicochemical properties. The in vitro release data of optimized formulation was treated with mathematical equations and was concluded that drug release followed zero order kinetics with anomalous transport mechanism. Based on the results it can be concluded that floating tablets of cefpodoxime proxetil containing locust bean gum provides a better option for controlled release action and improved bioavailability. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.18339 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 563-579 (2014)
Synthesis and Characterization of some Ternary Metal Complexes of Curcumin with 1,10-phenanthroline and their Anticancer Applications
Authors: Ismail E. H. , Sabry D. Y. , Mahdy H. , Khalil M. M. H.
Published: September 2014

Some ternary complexes of curcumin have been synthesized by the reaction of M(II) nitrate with curcumin as primary ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as supporting ligand in water/ethanol solution under a nitrogen atmosphere. The composition of the complexes has been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, IR, UVvis spectroscopy. The results reveal that curcumin ligand coordinates with M(II) in bidentate mode after deprotonation. The supporting ligand (phen) uses its two N atoms in coordination with metal ions in bidentate mode. The general formula of the complexes is [M(Cur)(phen)]NO3 (M = Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II) and Z(II)). The results of antibacterial activity indicated that the complexes have good antibacterial ability for the testing bacterium than that of curcumin. Furthermore, the [M(Cur)(phen)]NO3 complexes were evaluated for its in vitro anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i3.18750 J. Sci. Res. 6 (3), 509-519 (2014)
Cor-triatriatum A Rare Congenital Heart Disease Presented in Adulthoodsurgical treatment in Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Authors: Zahangir NM , Kabir AHM L , Ahmed F , Ahmad ST , Hossain M , Hossain N , Rahman MS , Khan MMH , Talukder MQI
Published: September 2014

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20268 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.58-60
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves in Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Arya Priya , Aggarwal Ved , Gupta Radhey
Published: September 2014

The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves were investigated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatotoxic rats were treated with ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera for a period of 60 days at the following three dose levels; 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day, orally. The activities were studied by assaying the serum marker enzymes like SGOT, SGPT, GGT, LDH, ALP, ACP, as well as total bilirubin, total protein and albumin in serum concomitantly with the activities of LPO, SOD, CAT, GSH, GR and GPx in liver. The activities of all parameters registered a significant (p ≤ 0.001) alteration in CCl4 treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in rats co-administered with M. oleifera extract in a dose-dependent manner. All the biochemical investigations were confirmed by the histopathological observations and compared with the standard drug. silymarin. Results suggest that the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of M. oleifera leaves are possibly related to the free radical scavenging activity which might be due to the presence of total phenolics and flavonoids in the extract and/or the purified compounds β-sitosterol, quercetin and kaempferol, which were isolated from the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves.
Digital Modeling, Integrated Project Delivery and Industry Transformation: An Australian Case Study
Authors: Kraatz Judy , Sanchez Adriana , Hampson Keith
Published: September 2014

This research is focused on realizing productivity benefits for the delivery of transport infrastructure in the Australian construction industry through the use of building information modeling (BIM), virtual design and construction (VDC) and integrated project delivery (IPD). Specific objectives include: (I) building an understanding of the institutional environment, business systems and support mechanisms (e.g., training and skilling) which impact on the uptake of BIM/VDC; (II) gathering data to undertake a cross-country analysis of these environments; and (III) providing strategic and practical outcomes to guide the uptake of such processes in Australia. Activities which will inform this research include a review of academic literature and industry documentation, semi-formal interviews in Australia and Sweden, and a cross-country comparative analysis to determine factors affecting uptake and associated productivity improvements. These activities will seek to highlight the gaps between current-practice and best-practice which are impacting on widespread adoption of BIM/VDC and IPD. Early findings will be discussed with intended outcomes of this research being used to: inform a national public procurement strategy; provide guidelines for new contractual frameworks; and contribute to closing skill gaps.
Genetic Resistance to Fusiform Rust in Southern Pines and White Pine Blister Rust in White Pines—A Contrasting Tale of Two Rust Pathosystems—Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Sniezko Richard , Smith Jason , Liu Jun-Jun , Hamelin Richard
Published: September 2014

Damage or mortality from pathogens can reduce productivity of forest plantations, as well as significantly harm natural forest ecosystems. Genetic resistance within the host species is the first line of defense for tree species. Resistance breeding programs for the native fusiform rust and exotic (to North America) white pine blister rust diseases are two of the longest concerted efforts in forest trees, spanning more than 50 years. Advances in developing greater genetic resistance have been made in both pathosystems, but unique challenges and opportunities in each system translate to different approaches. Fusiform rust resistance programs have mainly emphasized complete resistance, while partial resistance plays a prominent role in white pine blister rust resistance programs. Advances in the development of molecular genetic tools now permit investigations in conifers and their associated rust pathogens. Good progress has been made in identifying resistant populations and understanding resistance in these pathosystems, and resistant stock is now being used extensively for reforestation and restoration. These programs represent great success stories brought to fruition by the long-term efforts. However, continued support will be needed to enhance the level and fully realize the potential of durable genetic resistance in these invaluable North American conifer species.
Systems Analysis of Ten Supply Chains for Whole Tree Chips
Authors: Belbo Helmer , Talbot Bruce
Published: September 2014

Whole trees from energy thinnings constitute one of many forest fuel sources, yet ten widely applied supply chains could be defined for this feedstock alone. These ten represent only a subset of the real possibilities, as felling method was held constant and only a single market (combustion of whole tree chips) was considered. Stages included in-field, roadside landing, terminal, and conversion plant, and biomass states at each of these included loose whole trees, bundled whole trees or chipped material. Assumptions on prices, performances, and conversion rates were based on field trials and published literature in similar boreal forest conditions. The economic outcome was calculated on the basis of production, handling, treatment and storage costs and losses. Outcomes were tested for robustness on a range of object volumes (50–350 m3solid), extraction distances (50–550 m) and transport distances (10–70 km) using simulation across a set of discrete values. Transport was calculated for both a standard 19.5 m and an extended 24 m timber truck. Results showed that the most expensive chain (roadside bundling, roadside storage, terminal storage and delivery using a 19.5 m timber truck) at 158 € td−1 was 23% more costly than the cheapest chain (roadside chipping and direct transport to conversion plant with container truck), at 128 € td−1. Outcomes vary at specific object volumes and transport distances, highlighting the need to verify assumptions, although standard deviations around mean supply costs for each chain were small (6%–9%). Losses at all stages were modelled, with the largest losses (23 € td−1) occurring in the chains including bundles. The study makes all methods and assumptions explicit and can assist the procurement manager in understanding the mechanisms at work.
Lymphoma Caused by Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Yamamoto Mitsuko , Schiestl Robert
Published: September 2014

The intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must constantly communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation: on the one hand, our immune system should protect us from pathogenic microbes and on the other hand, most of the millions of microbes in and on our body are innocuous symbionts and some can even be beneficial. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain bacteria. Animal models played an important role in establishing causation and mechanism of bacteria-induced MALT lymphoma. In this review we discuss different ways that animal models have been applied to establish a link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma and how animal models have helped to elucidate mechanisms of microbiota-induced lymphoma. While there are not a plethora of studies demonstrating a connection between microbiota and lymphoma development, we believe that animal models are a system which can be exploited in the future to enhance our understanding of causation and improve prognosis and treatment of lymphoma.
Farm Animal Serum Proteomics and Impact on Human Health
Authors: Di Girolamo Francesco , D'Amato Alfonsina , Lante Isabella , Signore Fabrizio , Muraca Marta , Putignani Lorenza
Published: September 2014

Due to the incompleteness of animal genome sequencing, the analysis and characterization of serum proteomes of most farm animals are still in their infancy, compared to the already well-documented human serum proteome. This review focuses on the implications of the farm animal serum proteomics in order to identify novel biomarkers for animal welfare, early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of infectious disease treatment, and develop new vaccines, aiming at determining the reciprocal benefits for humans and animals.
Cloning, Expression and Purification of Subunit H of Vacuolar H+-ATPase from Mythimna separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Lu Lina , Qi Zhijun , Wu Wenjun
Published: September 2014

The vacuolar (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) of insect, which is composed of membrane-bound V0 complex and peripheral V1 complex, participates in lots of important physiological process. Subunit H, as a subunit of V1 complex, plays a vital role in bridging the communication between V1 and V0 complexes and interaction with other proteins. Yeast subunit H has been successfully crystallized through expression in E. coli, but little is known about the structure of insect subunit H. In this study, we cloned, expressed and purified the subunit H from midgut of Mythimna separata Walker. Through RACE (rapidly amplification of cDNA ends) technique, we got 1807 bp full length of subunit H, and to keep the nature structure of subunit H, we constructed Baculovirus expression vector with His-tag in the C-terminal and expressed the recombinant protein in insect sf9 cells, thereafter, purified the recombinant protein by Ni-NTA columns. Results of SDS-PAGE, western blotting and mass spectrometry showed that the recombinant protein was successfully expressed. The method of expressing and purifying M. separata subunit H will provide a foundation for obtaining the crystal of subunit H and further study of the design of novel insecticides based on its structure and function.