bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in temporal flow characteristics of CSF in Chiari malformation Type I with and without syringomyelia: implications for theory of syrinx development
Authors: Clarke Elizabeth C. , Stoodley Marcus A. , Bilston Lynne E.
Published: March 2013

Object

The pathogenesis of syringomyelia in association with Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) is unclear. Studies of patients with CM-I have shown alterations in the CSF velocity profile using cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast MRI, and computational simulations have demonstrated that temporal features of the CSF pulse could contribute to syrinx development or enlargement. Few studies have reported temporal characteristics of the CSF profile, and few studies have reported on CM-I patients with and without syringomyelia separately. This study was performed to determine whether specific temporal features of the CSF flow profile may underlie the development or enlargement of a syrinx in patients with CM-I.

Methods

Ten healthy volunteers and 18 patients with CM-I with (8 patients) and without (10 patients) syringomyelia were studied using cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast MRI, measuring the maximum CSF velocities in the cranial and caudal directions, the timing of these maximums relative to the cardiac cycle time, the timing of caudal flow onset, timing of cranial flow onset, and the duration of caudal flow.

Results

The caudal CSF flow was significantly faster (p ≤ 0.01) and earlier (p < 0.02) in patients without syringomyelia than in healthy volunteers and patients with syringomyelia. There were no significant differences in the CSF velocities between patients with syringomyelia and healthy volunteers. Patients with CM-I who had syringomyelia had a significantly later start of caudal CSF flow (p < 0.01) and earlier maximum cranial velocity (p = 0.03) than healthy volunteers, but the relative durations of caudal and cranial flow were not significantly different between any of the groups.

Conclusions

The significantly earlier arrival and earlier peak velocity of caudal CSF flow may underlie the development of syringomyelia in patients with CM-I, and after a syrinx develops the CSF flow profile appears to stabilize.
Optic nerve glioma treatment with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Uslu Nuri , Karakaya Ebru , Dizman Aysen , Yegen Dincer , Guney Yildiz
Published: March 2013

In the current report, the authors present a case of optic nerve glioma treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). An 11-year-old girl was referred to our clinic with increasing proptosis over a 1-year period. At that time orbital MRI revealed a 20 × 17–mm mass in the right retroorbital lipomatous tissue, and FSRT was delivered to the tumor using the CyberKnife. During the 1.5-year follow-up, ophthalmological examinations did not indicate any treatment-related severe toxicity, and posttreatment MRI demonstrated marked regression of the lesion to 13 × 10 mm. Given the scarcity of reports on this subject, the authors support more extended studies of the CyberKnife for the effective treatment of this relatively common childhood tumor.
Acute pyogenic necrotizing encephalomyelitis: a fulminant and fatal infection
Authors: Madhugiri Venkatesh Shankar , Gundamaneni Sudheer Kumar , Santosh Vani , Jagadisan Barath , Sasidharan Gopalakrishnan Madhavan , Roopesh-Kumar Rathakrishnan V. , Yadav Awdhesh Kumar , Singh Manish , Ananthakrishnan Ramesh , Pariarath Nisha , Biswal Niranjan
Published: March 2013

In this report the authors describe a rare case of a fulminant, pyogenic, necrotizing infection of the spinal cord and brain. Necrotizing lesions of the brain and spinal cord are usually infectious in origin and are associated with high rates of morbidity and death. Although the pathogens responsible have been identified in a few instances, the causal factors remain unknown in many cases. An 11-year-old girl developed acute, rapidly progressive paraplegia with bladder involvement and sensory loss below T-10. She had been treated recently for a Staphylococcus aureus infection of the knee joint precipitated by a penetrating injury with organic matter in the aftermath of a cyclone. Although appropriate antibiotic therapy was instituted, the spinal cord infection progressed to involve the entire spinal cord, brainstem, and brain. This fulminant course was marked by a rapid deterioration in the patient's clinical condition, ultimately leading to her death. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a previously undescribed pattern of longitudinal enhancement along the spinal cord, as well as the white matter tracts in the brainstem and brain. The possible route of spread of infection along the neuraxis is postulated to be the potential space along the white matter tracts. Treatment is not standardized due to the rarity of the condition.
Intrarater and interrater reliability of the pediatric arteriovenous malformation compactness score in children
Authors: Frisoli Fabio A. , Lang Shih-Shan , Vossough Arastoo , Cahill Anne Marie , Heuer Gregory G. , Dahmoush Hisham M. , Storm Phillip B. , Beslow Lauren A.
Published: March 2013

Object

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have a higher postresection recurrence rate in children than in adults. The authors' previous study demonstrated that a diffuse AVM (low compactness score) predicts postresection recurrence. The aims of this study were to evaluate the intra- and interrater reliability of the AVM compactness score.

Methods

Angiograms of 24 patients assigned a preoperative compactness score (scale of 1–3; 1 = most diffuse, 3 = most compact) in the authors' previous study were rerated by the same pediatric neuroradiologist 9 months later. A pediatric neurosurgeon, pediatric neuroradiology fellow, and interventional radiologist blinded to each other's ratings, the original ratings, and AVM recurrence also rated each AVM's compactness. Intrarater and interrater reliability were calculated using the κ statistic.

Results

Of the 24 AVMs, scores by the original neuroradiologist were 1 in 6 patients, 2 in 16 patients, and 3 in 2 patients. Intrarater reliability was 1.0. The κ statistic among the 4 raters was 0.69 (95% CI 0.44–0.89), which indicates substantial reliability. The interrater reliability between the neuroradiologist and neuroradiology fellow was moderate (κ = 0.59 [95%CI 0.20–0.89]) and was substantial between the neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon (κ = 0.74 [95% CI 0.41–1.0]). The neuroradiologist and interventional radiologist had perfect agreement (κ = 1.0).

Conclusions

Intrarater and interrater reliability of the AVM compactness score were excellent and substantial, respectively. These results demonstrate that the AVM compactness score is reproducible. However, the neuroradiologist and interventional radiologist had perfect agreement, which indicates that the compactness score is applied most accurately by those with extensive angiography experience.
Cervical rudimentary meningocele in adulthood
Authors: Wang Hao , Yu Wenhua , Zhang Zuyong , Lu Yongmin , Li Xiao
Published: March 2013

Almost all cases of cervical spinal dysraphism published to date have involved cystic lesions and were treated in very early childhood. The authors describe a unique case of a 21-year-old woman who harbored a solid cervical rudimentary meningocele. On preoperative CT and MR images, a cutaneous solid mass was shown to be connected to intraspinal contents by a stalk traversing the C-3 lamina defect. The authors resected the cutaneous mass and released the tethering neural band from the vertical axis of the spinal cord without causing injury. Pathological examination demonstrated a dense collagenous tissue containing clusters of meningocytes and psammoma bodies in the cutaneous mass. This rare entity, a spinal dysraphism with a benign natural history, may contribute to the current classification of cervical spinal dysraphism.
Radiation-induced vertebral compression fracture following spine stereotactic radiosurgery: clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Al-Omair Ameen , Smith Roger , Kiehl Tim-Rasmus , Lao Louis , Yu Eugene , Massicotte Eric M. , Keith Julia , Fehlings Michael G. , Sahgal Arjun
Published: March 2013

Spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly being used to treat metastatic spinal tumors. As the experience matures, high rates of vertebral compression fracture (VCF) are being observed. What is unknown is the mechanism of action; it has been postulated but not confirmed that radiation itself is a contributing factor. This case report describes 2 patients who were treated with spine SRS who subsequently developed signal changes on MRI consistent with tumor progression and VCF; however, biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of radiation-induced necrosis in 1 patient and fibrosis in the other. Radionecrosis is a rare and serious side effect of high-dose radiation therapy and represents a diagnostic challenge, as the authors have learned from years of experience with brain SRS. These cases highlight the issues in the new era of spine SRS with respect to relying on imaging alone as a means of determining true tumor progression. In those scenarios in which it is unclear based on imaging if true tumor progression has occurred, the authors recommend biopsy to rule out radiation-induced effects within the bone prior to initiating salvage therapies.
Stereotactic navigation with the O-arm for placement of S-2 alar iliac screws in pelvic lumbar fixation
Authors: Ray Wilson Z. , Ravindra Vijay M. , Schmidt Meic H. , Dailey Andrew T.
Published: March 2013

Object

Pelvic fixation is a crucial adjunct to many lumbar fusions to avoid L5–S1 pseudarthrosis. It is useful for treatment of kyphoscoliosis, high-grade spondylolisthesis, L5–S1 pseudarthrosis, sacral tumors, lumbosacral dislocations, and osteomyelitis. The most popular method, iliac fixation, has drawbacks including hardware prominence, extensive muscle dissection, and the need for connection devices. S-2 alar iliac fixation provides a useful primary or salvage alternative. The authors describe their techniques for using stereotactic navigation for screw placement.

Methods

The O-arm Surgical Imaging System allowed for CT-quality multiplanar reconstructions of the pelvis, and registration to a StealthStation Treon provided intraoperative guidance. The authors describe their technique for performing computer-assisted S-2 alar iliac fixation for various indications in 18 patients during an 18-month period.

Results

All patients underwent successful bilateral placement of screws 80–100 mm in length. All placements were confirmed with a second multiplanar reconstruction. One screw was moved because of apparent anterior breach of the ilium. There were no immediate neurological or vascular complications due to screw placement. The screw length required additional instruments including a longer pedicle finder and tap.

Conclusions

Stereotactic guidance to navigate the placement of distal pelvic fixation with bilateral S-2 alar iliac fixation can be safely performed in patients with a variety of pathological conditions. Crossing the sacroiliac joint, choosing trajectory, and ensuring adequate screw length can all be enhanced with 3D image guidance. Long-term outcome studies are underway, specifically evaluating the sacroiliac joint.
Evaluation of Impedance-Based Label-Free Technology as a Tool for Pharmacology and Toxicology Investigations
Authors: Atienzar Franck , Gerets Helga , Tilmant Karen , Toussaint Gaëlle , Dhalluin Stéphane
Published: March 2013

The use of label-free technologies based on electrical impedance is becoming more and more popular in drug discovery. Indeed, such a methodology allows the continuous monitoring of diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, cytotoxicity and receptor-mediated signaling. The objective of the present study was to further assess the usefulness of the real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) and, in particular, the xCELLigence platform, in the context of early drug development for pharmacology and toxicology investigations. In the present manuscript, four cellular models were exposed to 50 compounds to compare the cell index generated by RTCA and cell viability measured with a traditional viability assay. The data revealed an acceptable correlation (ca. 80%) for both cell lines (i.e., HepG2 and HepaRG), but a lack of correlation (ca. 55%) for the primary human and rat hepatocytes. In addition, specific RTCA profiles (signatures) were generated when HepG2 and HepaRG cells were exposed to calcium modulators, antimitotics, DNA damaging and nuclear receptor agents, with a percentage of prediction close to 80% for both cellular models. In a subsequent experiment, HepG2 cells were exposed to 81 proprietary UCB compounds known to be genotoxic or not. Based on the DNA damaging signatures, the RTCA technology allowed the detection of ca. 50% of the genotoxic compounds (n = 29) and nearly 100% of the non-genotoxic compounds (n = 52). Overall, despite some limitations, the xCELLigence platform is a powerful and reliable tool that can be used in drug discovery for toxicity and pharmacology studies.
Development of MicroRNA Therapeutics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Aravalli Rajagopal
Published: March 2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for HCC are very limited, as it is often diagnosed at a late stage. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, are aberrantly expressed in HCC. Some of these were shown to be functionally involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, suggesting that miRNAs can serve as novel molecular targets for HCC therapy. Several promising studies have recently demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in animal models and in reducing the viral load in hepatitis C patients. In this review, these advances and strategies for modulating miRNAs for in vivo therapeutic delivery and replacement therapy are discussed.
Analysis of Predictive Values Based on Individual Risk Factors in Multi-Modality Trials
Authors: Lange Katharina , Brunner Edgar
Published: March 2013

The accuracy of diagnostic tests with binary end-points is most frequently measured by sensitivity and specificity. However, from the clinical perspective, the main purpose of a diagnostic agent is to assess the probability of a patient actually being diseased and hence predictive values are more suitable here. As predictive values depend on the pre-test probability of disease, we provide a method to take risk factors influencing the patient’s prior probability of disease into account, when calculating predictive values. Furthermore, approaches to assess confidence intervals and a methodology to compare predictive values by statistical tests are presented. Hereby the methods can be used to analyze predictive values of factorial diagnostic trials, such as multi-modality, multi-reader-trials. We further performed a simulation study assessing length and coverage probability for different types of confidence intervals, and we present the R-Package facROC that can be used to analyze predictive values in factorial diagnostic trials in particular. The methods are applied to a study evaluating CT-angiography as a noninvasive alternative to coronary angiography for diagnosing coronary artery disease. Hereby the patients’ symptoms are considered as risk factors influencing the respective predictive values.
Disseminating Childhood Home Injury Risk Reduction Information in Pakistan: Results from a Community-Based Pilot Study
Authors: Chandran Aruna , Khan Uzma , Zia Nukhba , Feroze Asher , De Ramirez Sarah , Huang Cheng-Ming , Razzak Junaid , Hyder Adnan
Published: March 2013

Background: Most childhood unintentional injuries occur in the home; however, very little home injury prevention information is tailored to developing countries. Utilizing our previously developed information dissemination tools and a hazard assessment checklist tailored to a low-income neighborhood in Pakistan, we pilot tested and compared the effectiveness of two dissemination tools. Methods: Two low-income neighborhoods were mapped, identifying families with a child aged between 12 and 59 months. In June and July 2010, all enrolled households underwent a home hazard assessment at the same time hazard reduction education was being given using an in-home tutorial or a pamphlet. A follow up assessment was conducted 4–5 months later. Results: 503 households were enrolled; 256 received a tutorial and 247 a pamphlet. The two groups differed significantly (p < 0.01) in level of maternal education and relationship of the child to the primary caregiver. However, when controlling for these variables, those receiving an in-home tutorial had a higher odds of hazard reduction than the pamphlet group for uncovered vats of water (OR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.58), an open fire within reach of the child (OR 3.55, 95% CI: 1.80, 7.00), and inappropriately labeled cooking fuel containers (OR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.25). Conclusions: This pilot project demonstrates the potential utility of using home-visit tutorials to decrease home hazards in a low-income neighborhood in Pakistan. A longer-term randomized study is needed to assess actual effectiveness of the use of allied health workers for home-based injury education and whether this results in decreased home injuries.
Integration of Multiple Signaling Pathways Determines Differences in the Osteogenic Potential and Tissue Regeneration of Neural Crest-Derived and Mesoderm-Derived Calvarial Bones
Authors: Senarath-Yapa Kshemendra , Li Shuli , Meyer Nathaniel , Longaker Michael , Quarto Natalina
Published: March 2013

The mammalian skull vault, a product of a unique and tightly regulated evolutionary process, in which components of disparate embryonic origin are integrated, is an elegant model with which to study osteoblast biology. Our laboratory has demonstrated that this distinct embryonic origin of frontal and parietal bones confer differences in embryonic and postnatal osteogenic potential and skeletal regenerative capacity, with frontal neural crest derived osteoblasts benefitting from greater osteogenic potential. We outline how this model has been used to elucidate some of the molecular mechanisms which underlie these differences and place these findings into the context of our current understanding of the key, highly conserved, pathways which govern the osteoblast lineage including FGF, BMP, Wnt and TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, we explore recent studies which have provided a tantalizing insight into way these pathways interact, with evidence accumulating for certain transcription factors, such as Runx2, acting as a nexus for cross-talk.
The Role of Metallothionein in Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ruttkay-Nedecky Branislav , Nejdl Lukas , Gumulec Jaromir , Zitka Ondrej , Masarik Michal , Eckschlager Tomas , Stiborova Marie , Adam Vojtech , Kizek Rene
Published: March 2013

Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free radicals are also known to play a dual role in biological systems, as they can be either beneficial or harmful for living systems. It is clear that there are numerous mechanisms participating on the protection of a cell against free radicals. In this review, our attention is paid to metallothioneins (MTs) as small, cysteine-rich and heavy metal-binding proteins, which participate in an array of protective stress responses. The mechanism of the reaction of metallothioneins with oxidants and electrophilic compounds is discussed. Numerous reports indicate that MT protects cells from exposure to oxidants and electrophiles, which react readily with sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, MT plays a key role in regulation of zinc levels and distribution in the intracellular space. The connections between zinc, MT and cancer are highlighted.
PAX2 Expression in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Song Huijuan , Kwan Suet-Yan , Izaguirre Daisy , Zu Zhifei , Tsang Yvonne , Tung Celestine , King Erin , Mok Samuel , Gershenson David , Wong Kwong-Kwok
Published: March 2013

PAX2 is one of nine PAX genes that regulate tissue development and cellular differentiation in embryos. However, the functional role of PAX2 in ovarian cancer is not known. Twenty-six ovarian cancer cell lines with different histology origins were screened for PAX2 expression. Two ovarian cancer cell lines: RMUGL (mucinous) and TOV21G (clear cell), with high PAX2 expression were chosen for further study. Knockdown PAX2 expression in these cell lines was achieved by lentiviral shRNAs targeting the PAX2 gene. PAX2 stable knockdown cells were characterized for cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, protein profiles, and gene expression profiles. The result indicated that these stable PAX2 knockdown cells had reduced cell proliferation and migration. Microarray analysis indicated that several genes involved in growth inhibition and motility, such as G0S2, GREM1, and WFDC1, were up-regulated in PAX2 knockdown cells. On the other hand, over-expressing PAX2 in PAX2-negative ovarian cell lines suppressed their cell proliferation. In summary, PAX2 could have both oncogenic and tumor suppression functions, which might depend on the genetic content of the ovarian cancer cells. Further investigation of PAX2 in tumor suppression and mortality is warranty.
Bioactive Pregnane Steroids from a South China Sea Gorgonian Carijoa sp.
Authors: Zhao Hong-Ying , Shao Chang-Lun , Li Zhi-Yong , Han Lei , Cao Fei , Wang Chang-Yun
Published: March 2013

A new pregnane steroid, 1, and three known analogues 2–4, have been isolated from a gorgonian Carijoa sp. collected from the South China Sea. The planar structure and relative configuration of 1 were elucidated from comprehensive spectroscopic data. Its absolute configuration was determined by application of the modified Mosher method. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 exhibited cytotoxicity against the human hepatoma cell line Bel-7402, with IC50 values of 9.33, 11.02 and 18.68 µM, respectively. Additionally, compound 1 exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Pseudomona puido, with a MIC value of 31 nM, which is approximately 5-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin (MIC = 156 nM).
Immobilization of Poly(1,1-dimethysilacyclobutane) by Means of Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization on Organic Nanoparticles and Reinvestigation of Crystallization
Authors: Gallei Markus , Li Junyu , Elbert Johannes , Mazurowski Markus , Schönberger Astrid , Schmidt Christian , Stühn Bernd , Rehahn Matthias
Published: March 2013

In the present study, the synthesis of poly(1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane) (PDMSB) by anionic ring opening polymerization (ROP) is reinvestigated, leading to narrowly distributed molar masses (polydispersities 1.04–1.15) in the range of 2.3 to 60 kg mol−1. Investigations of thermal behavior for low molar mass PDMSB revealed an untypical multiple peaks melting phenomenon, which at first glance, seems to be of the same origin as low molar mass poly(ethylene oxide)s. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements are done, proving the fast crystallization and subsequent recrystallization for investigated low molar mass samples. Synthetic attempts are expanded to the surface-initiated anionic ROP of 1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane (DMSB) monomer from the surface of cross-linked polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles. Novel polycarbosilanes (PCS)/organic core/shell particles are obtained, which are investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. First insights into the crystallization behavior of surface-attached PDMSB chains reveal that crystallization seems to be hindered.
A Zirconium Dioxide Ammonia Microsensor Integrated with a Readout Circuit Manufactured Using the 0.18 μm CMOS Process
Authors: Lin Guan-Ming , Dai Ching-Liang , Yang Ming-Zhi
Published: March 2013

The study presents an ammonia microsensor integrated with a readout circuit on-a-chip fabricated using the commercial 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The integrated sensor chip consists of a heater, an ammonia sensor and a readout circuit. The ammonia sensor is constructed by a sensitive film and the interdigitated electrodes. The sensitive film is zirconium dioxide that is coated on the interdigitated electrodes. The heater is used to provide a working temperature to the sensitive film. A post-process is employed to remove the sacrificial layer and to coat zirconium dioxide on the sensor. When the sensitive film adsorbs or desorbs ammonia gas, the sensor produces a change in resistance. The readout circuit converts the resistance variation of the sensor into the output voltage. The experiments show that the integrated ammonia sensor has a sensitivity of 4.1 mV/ppm.
Multipass Active Contours for an Adaptive Contour Map
Authors: Kim Jeong , Park Bo-Young , Akram Farhan , Hong Byung-Woo , Choi Kwang
Published: March 2013

Isocontour mapping is efficient for extracting meaningful information from a biomedical image in a topographic analysis. Isocontour extraction from real world medical images is difficult due to noise and other factors. As such, adaptive selection of contour generation parameters is needed. This paper proposes an algorithm for generating an adaptive contour map that is spatially adjusted. It is based on the modified active contour model, which imposes successive spatial constraints on the image domain. The adaptability of the proposed algorithm is governed by the energy term of the model. This work focuses on mammograms and the analysis of their intensity. Our algorithm employs the Mumford-Shah energy functional, which considers an image’s intensity distribution. In mammograms, the brighter regions generally contain significant information. Our approach exploits this characteristic to address the initialization and local optimum problems of the active contour model. Our algorithm starts from the darkest region; therefore, local optima encountered during the evolution of contours are populated in less important regions, and the important brighter regions are reserved for later stages. For an unrestricted initial contour, our algorithm adopts an existing technique without re-initialization. To assess its effectiveness and robustness, the proposed algorithm was tested on a set of mammograms.
Antiviral Type I and Type III Interferon Responses in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Sorgeloos Frédéric , Kreit Marguerite , Hermant Pascale , Lardinois Cécile , Michiels Thomas
Published: March 2013

The central nervous system (CNS) harbors highly differentiated cells, such as neurons that are essential to coordinate the functions of complex organisms. This organ is partly protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) from toxic substances and pathogens carried in the bloodstream. Yet, neurotropic viruses can reach the CNS either by crossing the BBB after viremia, or by exploiting motile infected cells as Trojan horses, or by using axonal transport. Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that are critical to control early steps of viral infections. Deficiencies in the IFN pathway have been associated with fatal viral encephalitis both in humans and mice. Therefore, the IFN system provides an essential protection of the CNS against viral infections. Yet, basal activity of the IFN system appears to be low within the CNS, likely owing to the toxicity of IFN to this organ. Moreover, after viral infection, neurons and oligodendrocytes were reported to be relatively poor IFN producers and appear to keep some susceptibility to neurotropic viruses, even in the presence of IFN. This review addresses some trends and recent developments concerning the role of type I and type III IFNs in: i) preventing neuroinvasion and infection of CNS cells; ii) the identity of IFN-producing cells in the CNS; iii) the antiviral activity of ISGs; and iv) the activity of viral proteins of neurotropic viruses that target the IFN pathway.
Sustainable Agro-Food Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using High Rate Anaerobic Process
Authors: Rajagopal Rajinikanth , Saady Noori , Torrijos Michel , Thanikal Joseph , Hung Yung-Tse
Published: March 2013

This review article compiles the various advances made since 2008 in sustainable high-rate anaerobic technologies with emphasis on their performance enhancement when treating agro-food industrial wastewater. The review explores the generation and characteristics of different agro-food industrial wastewaters; the need for and the performance of high rate anaerobic reactors, such as an upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, hybrid systems etc.; operational challenges, mass transfer considerations, energy production estimation, toxicity, modeling, technology assessment and recommendations for successful operation
Penser le revenu garanti avec Thomas Paine
Authors: Geffroy Laurent
Published: March 2013

En 1795, Thomas Paine, inspirateur de la Révolution américaine et député de la Convention française, publie un petit traité stimulant, la Justice agraire , en faveur d’un droit au revenu pour tous les hommes. Ce premier projet de revenu garanti universel et inconditionnel distribué par l’État trouve sa justification dans une critique raisonnée de la propriété privée et du simple droit d’assistance conçu sous la Révolution française. Le projet de Thomas Paine ne demeure pas moins respectueux de l’ordre social établi et contraste, sur ce point, avec la littérature contemporaine sur le droit garanti.
Pour un revenu social... démonétarisé
Authors: Ariès Paul
Published: March 2013

Le combat pour un revenu social épouse celui pour la gratuité des services publics. La gratuité est bien économiquement, écologiquement, socialement, politiquement, etc. Elle est une façon de susciter le désir et d’inventer une objection de croissance amoureuse du « bien-vivre ».
Le financement du revenu social garanti comme revenu primaire
Authors: Monnier Jean-Marie , Vercellone Carlo
Published: March 2013

Les modalités de financement d’un revenu inconditionnel font l’objet de débats parmi les promoteurs de cette idée, mais surtout d’interrogations de la part de ses opposants ou des curieux. Il est donc nécessaire de définir les contours possibles du financement d’une telle mesure. Jean-Marie Monnier et Carlo Vercellone en proposent une version, décrivant la réforme fiscale qui permettrait de financer un revenu social garanti de 800 euros conçu comme un véritable revenu primaire.
Considérer ensemble revenu inconditionnel et monnaie locale
Authors: Lepesant Michel
Published: March 2013

Le versement d’une part du revenu inconditionnel (RI) en monnaie locale complémentaire (MLC) suffit-il à éviter les pièges de la monétarisation et de la désocialisation que courrait le RI ? Peut-être, à condition de ne pas tomber dans le piège symétrique d’une illimitation de la gratuité, à condition de ne pas jeter le bébé de la monnaie avec l’eau de l’argent. À condition de cadrer toute démarche de transformation sociale dans un espace écologique (défini par un plancher et un plafond). Ce qui est le cas pour le RI (qui est le plancher d’un espace écologique des revenus dont le plafond est le revenu maximum acceptable) ; ce qui est le cas pour une MLC qui s’inscrit entre le plancher du gratuit et le plafond de la chrématistique. À ces conditions, RI et MLC se renforceraient mutuellement : le versement d’une part du RI en MLC permettrait immédiatement à un projet de MLC d’atteindre la taille critique et transférerait au RI toutes les dimensions éthiques d’une MLC.
« De chacun (volontairement) selon ses capacités à chacun (inconditionnellement) selon ses besoins »
Authors: Mylondo Baptiste , Cottin-Marx Simon
Published: March 2013

Philippe Van Parijs, philosophe et économiste belge, est l’une des figures modernes de la promotion de l’allocation universelle qu’il présente comme une voie capitaliste vers un communisme moderne. Dans cet entretien, il brosse le tableau de l’émergence de cette idée, les controverses qu’elle a suscitées et suscite encore autour de la question du travail. Militant, il revient également sur son engagement européen, écologiste, en faveur d’une réappropriation de l’urbain avec pour objectif d’offrir aux générations à venir « une vie meilleure ».
Géopolitique de la sensibilité et du savoir. (Dé)colonialité, pensée frontalière et désobéissance épistémologique
Authors: Mignolo Walter
Published: March 2013

À la différence de la démarche postcoloniale issue du monde anglophone, la pensée décoloniale est originaire du tiers monde, dans la diversité de ses histoires locales et de ses époques. Elle met en évidence la dimension raciste et culturellement infériorisante de la domination coloniale et s’ouvre à des modes de vie et de pensée disqualifiés depuis le début de la modernité capitaliste/ coloniale. C’est une pensée « frontalière » qui ne se laisse pas saisir par des territoires étatiques ou des disciplines universitaires constituées. C’est une pensée des frontières mais aussi de leur transgression. La désobéissance épistémique décoloniale, dit Walter Mignolo, est aussi une « déprise » par rapport aux modèles politiques et économiques dominants et de tout projet de « réoccidentalisation » ou de « désoccidentalisation ».
Questions de style à propos du « Góngora de la psychanalyse »
Authors: Blanco Mercedes
Published: March 2013

Le surnom de « Gongora de la psychanalyse » que se donne Lacan dans un de ses écrits recouvre une véritable métaphore et donc une création de sens. Le reproche d’obscurité qui fut adressé, de son temps et plus tard, au poète baroque espagnol Luis de Góngora (1561-1627) et le reproche similaire adressé à Jacques Lacan, ainsi que les arguments en leur défense, se recoupent en bien des points. L’obscurité est pour l’un comme pour l’autre celle d’une profondeur matérielle, plus qu’idéelle, qui naît de la prise en compte, en chaque point du discours, en chaque concept, de l’épaisseur stratifiée de sens que doivent les signifiants à la singularité de leur histoire.
Sade avec Lacan. Vers le décentrement de la matérialité signifiante
Authors: Fukuda Daisuke
Published: March 2013

À la fin de Kant avec Sade , Lacan s’intéresse à l’éducation sadienne pour y repérer des problématiques de la jouissance féminine qu’il n’a pas encore pleinement formalisées au moment de la rédaction de son article. Je m’efforce ici de dégager ce qui aboutira ultérieurement à la « sexuation », thème développé par Lacan dans son Séminaire Encore .
Tuché, clinamen, den
Authors: Dolar Mladen
Published: March 2013

À la fin de la séance légendaire du Séminaire sur Les quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse qui porte sur la répétition, Lacan évoque, dans quelques phrases comprimées et énigmatiques, trois termes provenant de la philosophie antique, tuché, clinamen et den , indiquant en même temps qu’il y s’agit du destin de l’idéalisme et du matérialisme. Il y a une implication, non explicitée, que les trois termes doivent se lire ensemble, qu’ils s’entrecroisent et qu’ils désignent entre eux un espace où la question du matérialisme peut se poser sous une forme minimale. La contribution reprend les deux termes de clinamen et den , trace leur histoire et tente d’explorer leurs implications pour les concepts de l’objet a , le signifiant, la répétition, et enfin, celui de l’être.
Clinique du clinamen : matière et manière du nouage transsexuel
Authors: Gherovici Patricia
Published: March 2013

Mon travail avec des transsexuels m’a permis de comprendre en quoi le concept de sinthome s’applique à leur cas, surtout en ce qu’il permet de distinguer les structures pathologiques de structures non pathologiques. À l’appui de mon travail clinique, une lecture de mémoires écrits par des transsexuels débouche sur la perception d’une seconde matérialisation du corps, suite à la torsion nouée par l’écriture.
Les fraudes dans le domaine de la médecine légale : à la recherche perverse de la trace matérielle de la réalité
Authors: Salecl Renata
Published: March 2013

La justice se fie de plus en plus aux indices matériels trouvés sur la scène du crime pour l’élucider (tels sang ou adn ). Toutefois, certains experts n’hésitent pas à faire de faux témoignages. Cet article analyse ces derniers à la lumière de la psychanalyse. Ne trouve-t-on pas une jouissance névrotique et perverse chez celui qui condamne une personne à la prison ?
Des histoires de ventriloques. Le traitement de la lettre (volée) par Lacan s'applique-t-il à l'œuvre d'art contemporaine ?
Authors: Watteau Diane
Published: March 2013

Nous transposerons la question du destinataire de La lettre volée lue par Lacan à celle de l’œuvre d’art dans l’ordre du signifiant, pour penser l’image symptôme de la société actuelle comme une image ventriloque. Les artistes Alain Resnais, Eric Duyckaerts et Sharif Waked nous permettent de statuer sur les doubles épaisseurs qui dérangent le contexte des accords ordinaires pour créer une esthétique du déconnecté.
« Marche ou crève ! »
Authors: Decool Carine
Published: March 2013

Une symptomatologie dépressive ne signe pas forcément un diagnostic de mélancolie. Si on s’attache à la structure de ce sujet, malgré deux épisodes mélancoliformes, les troubles de l’image du corps ainsi que le type de relation qu’il a avec sa mère évoquent davantage une schizophrénie. Du fait de la forclusion du Nom-du-Père, le phallus n’opère pas et ne règle pas la jouissance qui fait retour dans le corps du sujet sous la forme de phénomènes de mort subjective.
Implementation of Mastery Learning in Nursing Education
Authors: Sutton Roberts Dionne , Ingram Racquel R. , Flack Sylvia A. , Jones Hayes Robyn
Published: March 2013

Mastery education has proven to be a useful strategy for improving student learning outcomes. However, few articles have described the use of mastery learning in nursing education programs. This article describes the implementation of mastery education in a nursing program and demonstrates how this approach was used to successfully increase National Council Licensure Examination
®
scores among diverse students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(4):234–237.]
Intraoperative Opacification of a Hydrophilic Acrylic With Hydrophobic Surface IOL With Spontaneous Resolution in 24 Hours
Authors: Gutierrez Lucía , Rodríguez Paz , García David Antolín
Published: March 2013

PURPOSE:

To report an intraocular lens opacification case during cataract surgery.

METHODS:

An 80-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with advanced nuclear cataract in her left eye and underwent coaxial phacoemulsification through a 1.8-mm micro-incision and insertion of an in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL). There was subsequently rapid, homogenous, and complete opacification of the lens, which remained opaque for 2 hours postoperatively. At 24 hours postoperatively, the IOL was transparent with no signs of opacification and the only findings were moderate corneal edema and mild remains of sub-incisional cortex. At the last postoperative visit 1 month after surgery, the IOL remained clear and the visual acuity was 20/20. The same conditions were reproduced in vitro and the same complete and homogenous opacification of the lens was observed.

RESULTS:

After an extensive review of the literature about other IOL opacification cases reported, no previously published case related to this condensation was found.

CONCLUSION:

The description of the temporary IOL opacification phenomenon due to condensation could be useful to cataract surgeons, who might avoid cold storage of IOLs. The known self-resolution of this type of IOL opacification makes advisable to delay IOL surgical explantation in these cases.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(5):360–362.]
"Mechademia Vol. 6: User enhanced," edited by Frenchy Lunning
Authors: Close Samantha Anne
Published: March 2013

Review of Frenchy Lunning, ed. Mechademia Vol. 6: User enhanced. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011, paperback, $24.95 (319p) ISBN 978-0-8166-7734-4.
Rotten use patterns: What entertainment theories can do for the study of boys' love
Authors: Kamm Björn-Ole
Published: March 2013

Focusing on the often neglected individual modes of consumption and ascriptions of meaning, I propose a theoretical and conceptual framework for the analysis of the diversity of the use and appropriation of the boys' love (BL) genre. Within the framework of theories of media gratification, I bring together key elements of BL fandom, such as playing with masculinities, and central concepts of entertainment research. To assess these concepts' appropriateness and to do justice to the transnational phenomenon that BL has become, I also consider qualitative interviews conducted in Japan and Germany. The gratifications sought and gained by BL fans (fujoshi and fudanshi, rotten girls and boys) vary, including the physiological (arousal), the social (exchange, belonging), the cognitive (parasocial interaction), and the aesthetic (immersion). My empirical findings highlight the diversity of BL use, while my conceptual framework additionally works as a reference for a comparison of these use patterns and other media preferences as well as global trends of media consumption. (ORCID: 0000-0002-8585-9177)
On the response (or lack thereof) of Japanese fans to criticism that yaoi is antigay discrimination
Authors: Hori Akiko
Published: March 2013

In this essay I examine Japanese criticisms of yaoi as antigay discrimination and the reactions to these criticisms from Japanese yaoi fans. Japanese fans are often described as apolitical, and their apolitical attitude has been the subject of much controversy. Here, I identify the most salient aspects of fannish reaction to the charge that yaoi constitutes antigay discrimination. I want to reconsider criticisms of fans' reactions via an argument centered around people's conceptions of reality and fantasy, which gives more weight to the status of yaoi as a part of popular culture.
E-Participation in Urban Planning
Authors: Damurski Lukasz
Published: March 2013

Simple observation of planning practices in Eastern and Western Europe reveal a substantial gap in citizen participation between the post-socialist societies and the highly developed countries. This gap was created recently during the continent’s history and is reflected in an uneven distribution of social capital and democratic attitudes. During the last 30 years Western societies developed their civic consciousness and improved their democratic procedures; while citizen activities in the East was constrained by socialist regimes, then dissipated by the system transformation and only now is slowly reviving. How can social and political distance? Development of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools seems to stimulate social cohesion of European countries. The Internet creates new forms of social life, giving new opportunities for citizen involvement and strongly influences public decision-making systems. Examples of e-participation in planning from both sides of the continent suggest that this gap is not necessarily as big as it appears to be. This article compares online participation tools offered in Poland and Germany. Analyzing three complimentary aspects of e-participation in planning: “transparency,” “spatiality,” and “interactivity.” The results are expressed further in the article.
Muscle Spindle Traffic in Functionally Unstable Ankles During Ligamentous Stress
Authors: Needle Alan R. , Charles B. (Buz) Swanik , Farquhar William B. , Thomas Stephen J. , Rose William C. , Kaminski Thomas W.
Published: March 2013

Context:

Ankle sprains are common in athletes, with functional ankle instability (FAI) developing in approximately half of cases. The relationship between laxity and FAI has been inconclusive, suggesting that instability may be caused by insufficient sensorimotor function and dynamic restraint. Research has suggested that deafferentation of peripheral mechanoreceptors potentially causes FAI; however, direct evidence confirming peripheral sensory deficits has been elusive because previous investigators relied upon subjective proprioceptive tests.

Objective:

To develop a method for simultaneously recording peripheral sensory traffic, joint forces, and laxity and to quantify differences between healthy ankles and those with reported instability.

Design:

Case-control study.

Setting:

University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

A total of 29 participants (age = 20.9 ± 2.2 years, height = 173.1 ± 8.9 cm, mass = 74.5 ± 12.7 kg) stratified as having healthy (HA, n = 19) or unstable ankles (UA, n = 10).

Intervention(s):

Sensory traffic from muscle spindle afferents in the peroneal nerve was recorded with microneurography while anterior (AP) and inversion (IE) stress was applied to ligamentous structures using an ankle arthrometer under test and sham conditions.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Laxity (millimeters or degrees) and amplitude of sensory traffic (percentage) were determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 125 N of AP force and at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Nm of IE torque. Two-factor repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine differences between groups and conditions.

Results:

No differences in laxity were observed between groups (P > .05). Afferent traffic increased with increased force and torque in test trials (P < .001). The UA group displayed decreased afferent activity at 30 N of AP force compared with the HA group (HA: 30.2% ± 9.9%, UA: 17.1% ± 16.1%, P < .05).

Conclusions:

The amplitude of sensory traffic increased simultaneously with greater ankle motion and loading, providing evidence of the integrated role of capsuloligamentous and musculotendinous mechanoreceptors in maintaining joint sensation. Unstable ankles demonstrated diminished afferent traffic at low levels of force, suggesting the early detection of joint loading may be compromised.
Pneumomediastinum and Pneumopericardium in an 11-Year-Old Rugby Player: A Case Report
Authors: Vanzo Valentina , Bugin Samuela , Snijders Deborah , Bottecchia Laura , Storer Veronica , Barbato Angelo
Published: March 2013

Objective:

Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are rare occurrences in young athletes, but they can result in potentially life-threatening consequences.

Background:

While involved in a rugby match, an 11-year-old boy received a chest compression by 3 players during a tackle. He continued to play, but 2 hours later, he developed sharp retrosternal chest pain. A chest radiograph and an echocardiograph at the nearest emergency department showed pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum.

Differential Diagnosis:

Sternal and rib contusions, rib fractures, heartburn, acute asthma exacerbation, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumothorax, traumatic tracheal rupture, myocardial infarction, and costochondritis (Tietze syndrome).

Treatment:

Acetaminophen for pain control.

Uniqueness:

To our knowledge, this is the only case in the international literature of the simultaneous occurrence of pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a child as a consequence of blunt chest trauma during a rugby match.

Conclusions:

Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium may be consequences of rugby blunt chest trauma. Symptoms can appear 1 to 2 hours later, and the conditions may result in serious complications. Immediate admission to the emergency department is required.