bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comunicación intercultural y cultura laboral en una maquiladora trasnacional en Yucatán: un enfoque interdisciplinario
Authors: Garza Navejas Verónica Soledad , Escalante Góngora Gretty Guadalupe
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo se inserta en las investigaciones sociales contemporáneas que analizan los cambios en materia laboral producidos por el proceso de globalización que vivimos hoy en día. Particularmente nos interesa explicar cómo la industria maquiladora trasnacional contribuye a la construcción de una nueva cultura e identidad laboral, en trabajadores y trabajadoras de origen maya y el papel que juega la comunicación intercultural en esas transformaciones. Presentamos los primeros resultados de un estudio interdisciplinario llevado a cabo en una maquiladora de capital estadounidense ubicada en una población rural de Yucatán, que tiene entre sus características emplear trabajadores de diferentes orígenes lingüístico-culturales (maya-yucatecos, mexicanos de otras regiones del país y estadounidenses). La metodología empleada fue la etnografía, es decir, la observación a los sujetos de estudio (obreros, obreras, mandos medios y gerenciales) en su espacio laboral, así como el uso de técnicas de investigación tales como entrevistas e historias de vida.
El culto a la Santa Muerte en el entramado simbólico de la sociedad del riesgo
Authors: Lara Mireles María Concepción
Published: July 2020

Actualmente hay un interés científico por el estudio de la diversidad religiosa, desde la perspectiva socio-comunicativa-cultural. Se considera que el discurso de la religiosidad se construye socialmente en la intersubjetividad, es decir, en las prácticas comunicativas y culturales a través de las cuales los usuarios configuran las representaciones sociales que les dan cohesión e identidad en el mundo que construyen. En esta línea se encuentra el presente proyecto de investigación, aún en construcción. El propósito general de este trabajo es tratar de hacer visible cómo se está configurando una narrativa social emergente o compleja trama de relaciones entre actores –seguidores de la Santa Muerte– que crean redes de interacción comunicativa incorporando prácticas rituales sincréticas, redes de construcción identitaria con formas ya tradicionales de acuerpamiento social, como también apropiándose de la Web y transformándola en espacio de expresión, en templo “desespacializado”, en lugar de sociabilidad digital y de acuerdo intersubjetivo.
El prosumidor. El actor comunicativo de la Sociedad de la Ubicuidad
Authors: Islas Carmona Octavio
Published: July 2020

En el imaginario de la sociedad de la ubicuidad, en el cual las comunicaciones digitales inciden de forma categórica en el desarrollo y evolución de los nuevos ambientes comunicativos, las figuras de “emisor” y “receptor”, así como la mayoría de modelos que ayer permitían explicar el proceso comunicativo, hoy exhiben evidentes limitaciones en sus posibilidades explicativas. El desarrollo de las comunicaciones digitales móviles nos desplaza hacia una nueva ecología cultural: la sociedad de la ubicuidad. Con el desarrollo de la web 2.0 y versiones superiores, los usuarios de Internet han accedido a la condición de prosumidores. Los prosumidores articularán nuevos ambientes comunicativos, propiciando inevitables remediaciones sobre el conjunto de dispositivos que acompañan el desarrollo de las comunicaciones digitales móviles. Transitaremos, inevitablemente, a nuevas y más complejas ecologías culturales.
AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARACTERISTICS AND SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN LISTED BANKS
Authors: Adegboye Alex , Ojeka Stephen , Alabi Oluwaseyi , Alo Udochukwu , Aina Adenike
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the influence of audit committee characteristics on the sustainability disclosure among
the Nigerian listed banks. Using the Fixed Effect regression estimator of panel data for ten (10) listed banks in Nigeria over the period of
2014–2016, the result shows that the influence of audit committee independence and gender diversity of audit committee are significantly
positive on the sustainability disclosure. However, the audit committee magnitude has a negative and significant influence on the sustainability
disclosure. This paper is unique as we consider the importance of the gender diversity of the committee given its relative contribution
to sustainability reporting quality. This study tends to provide insights on sustainability reporting and assist stakeholders in emphasizing
on the importance of sustainability disclosure through the audit committee oversight.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE LAYER IN STRUCTURES
Authors: Patapavičius Andrius
Published: July 2020

An urgency to use probability-based methods and probabilistic reliability indices in long-term quality assessments and predictions of reinforced concrete products and structures is under consideration. Carbonation nature and depth of protective concrete covers of reinforcement bars and stirrups are analysed. Effect of water-cement ratio on the carbonation rate of protective concrete covers is discussed. Analyzes of reliability of structures reinforcement with composite as spiral (transverse) usage and influence. Presented applied equations and the calculation example demonstrate a simplicity and necessities of probability-based methods.
A New Metal-poor Globular Cluster and Resolved Stars in the Outer Disk of the Black Eye Galaxy M64: Implication for the Origin of the Type III Disk Break
Authors: Kang Jisu , Kim Yoo Jung , Lee Myung Gyoon , Jang In Sung
Published: July 2020

M64 is a nearby spiral galaxy with a Type III antitruncation component. To trace the origin of the Type III component, we present Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) F606W/F814W photometry of resolved stars in a field located in the outer disk (

) of M64. At

(7 kpc) to the east, we discover a new metal-poor globular cluster (

pc and M

V
 = −9.54 ± 0.09 mag), M64-GC1. This is the first globular cluster found in M64. The color–magnitude diagram (CMD) of the resolved stars in M64-GC1 is well matched by 12 Gyr isochrones with [Fe/H] = −1.5 ± 0.2, showing that this cluster belongs to a halo. The CMD of the resolved stars in the entire ACS field shows two distinguishable red giant branches (RGBs): a curved metal-rich RGB and a vertical metal-poor RGB. The metal-rich RGB represents an old metal-rich ([Fe/H] ≈ −0.4) disk population. In contrast, the CMD of the metal-poor RGB stars is very similar to the CMD of M64-GC1, showing that the metal-poor RGB represents a halo population. The radial number-density profile of the metal-rich RGB stars is described by an exponential disk law, while the profile of the metal-poor RGB stars is described by a de Vaucouleurs’s law. From these, we conclude that the origin of the Type III component in M64 is a halo that has a much lower metallicity than the disk or bulge population.
Economic valuation of sportfishing in the surroundings of Cerralvo Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico using the travel cost method
Authors: Almendarez-Hernández Luis C. , Rodríguez-Fuentes Marian , Vergara-Solana Francisco J. , Almendarez-Hernández Marco A.
Published: July 2020

Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, Mexico, is a reference for sportfishing (SF). In this vein, a significant number of artisanal fishers from the communities surrounding Cerralvo Island-located 215 km from Los Cabos-have opted to offer SF as a tourist service in recent years. The SF has generated unevaluated economic activity in the area. Thus, stakeholders need to know this value to improve their management decision making. Therefore, this research aimed to make a valuation of the recreation service and factors that influence the demand of SF in Cerralvo Island and surrounding areas using the indirect travel cost method (TCM). For this purpose, 275 surveys were performed at the boat ramps in nearby towns. The estimated consumer surplus (EC) was USD 1,886 per visitor. Approximately 28,864 annual recreational sportfishing trips were recorded, so the total annual surplus was USD 54,437,504. The EC outperformed other national sites and was ≈140% higher than the highest valuation made for Los Cabos, which presumably derived from the differences in costs (v. gr., fishing charter, lodging). These values suggest the opportunity for the development of this activity in the study area.
High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the gut microbiome in juvenile and adult tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus)
Authors: Méndez-Pérez Roberto , García-López Rodrigo , Bautista-López J. Santiago Bautista-López , Vázquez-Castellanos Jorge , Alvarez-González Carlos , Peña-Marín Emyr , Baltierra-Trejo Eduardo , Adams-Schroeder Randy , Domínguez-Rodríguez Verónica , Melgar-Valdés Carolina , Martínez-García Rafael , Moya Andrés , Gómez-Cruz Rodolfo
Published: July 2020

Tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) is freshwater and estuarine fish, inhabiting the Earth since the Mesozoic era and undergoing limited physiological variation ever since. Besides its recognized cultural andscientific relevance, the species has seen remarkable growth in its economic impact due to pisciculture. In this study, we present the first report of the whole taxonomic composition of microbial communities in gut contents in juveniles and adults of A. tropicus, by sex and origin (wild and cultivated). For this study, 508 genera were identified, with the most and least abundant being Cetobacterium and Paludibacter, respectively. Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla are the core gut microbiome of A. tropicus juvenile and adult by sex and origin. Deinococcus-Thermus phylum sequence was only identified in wild-type males. In the phylogenetic trees reconstruction Lactococcus lactis strains CAU929 and CAU6600, Cp6 and CAU9951,Cetobacterium strain H69, Aeromonas hydrophila strain P5 and WR-5-3-2, Aeromonas sobria strain CP DC28 and Aeromonas hydrophila were identified, some of them with probiotic potential within the three dominant phyla in core gut microbiome in A. tropicus adults, especially in wild-type organisms. Myroides genus was recognized in microbiota gut of the cultivated juvenile A. tropicus. Nevertheless, Alpha diversity indicated that the highest gut microbiota abundance and richness is found in cultivated juvenile and wild-type adult A. tropicus female, rather than adult wild-type males and the least gut microbiota abundance and richness is found in a cultivated adult of A. tropicus for both sexes.
Compensatory growth in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: feed conversion ratio, size heterogeneity, and proximal composition
Authors: Poot-López Gaspar Román , Gasca-Leyva Eucario , González- Salas Carlos , Guillen-Hernández Sergio , Domínguez-May Roger
Published: July 2020

A feeding test was performed to evaluate compensatory growth in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and to assess changes in feed conversion ratio (FCR), body condition, and carcass composition associated with the imposed feeding strategy. The experiment was carried out under two different stages, restricted (RS) and compensated (CS), with six weeks long each other. Three hundred juveniles of Nile tilapia (average weight of 16.4 ± 0.2 g) were divided into three treatments and one control. The control group was fed to apparent satiation four times a day in both stages. The RS treatments were based on 100% (RS100), 80% (RS80), and 60% (RS60) of a feeding chart, respectively. In the next six weeks, fishes from the CS treatments (CS100, CS80, and CS60) were then fed to apparent satiation four times a day. In the RS, the control group displayed the most considerable weight gained, but with a significant FCR. Nevertheless, in the CS, the previous restricted treatments (RC80 and RC100) showed a compensatory growth, with a smaller FCR than the control group. The restricted-compensated rations did not have a significant effect on the size heterogeneity; when the food is restricted, fish use to moisturize their tissue to compensate for the muscle loss until they receive more food. However, when the food restriction levels are too high, the weight gain, lipid, and protein levels do not recover as they were before. Thus, restricted (marginally) and compensatory feeding strategies provide evidence that growth rates of fishes can be regulated.
New section and species in Talaromyces
Authors: Sun Bing-Da , Chen Amanda J. , Houbraken Jos , Frisvad Jens C. , Wu Wen-Ping , Wei Hai-Lei , Zhou Yu-Guang , Jiang Xian-Zhi , Samson Robert A.
Published: July 2020

Talaromycesis a monophyletic genus containing seven sections. The number of species inTalaromycesgrows rapidly due to reliable and complete sequence data contributed from all over the world. In this study agricultural soil samples from Fujiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Shandong, Tibet and Zhejiang provinces of China were collected and analyzed for fungal diversity. Based on a polyphasic approach including phylogenetic analysis of partial ITS,BenA,CaMandRPB2gene sequences, macro- and micro-morphological analyses, six of them could not be assigned to any described species, and one cannot be assigned to any known sections. Morphological characters as well as their phylogenetic relationship with otherTalaromycesspecies are presented for these putative new species.Penicillium resedanumis combined in Talaromyces section Subinflati asT. resedanus.
The concluding chapter: recircumscription of Goodenia (Goodeniaceae) to include four allied genera with an updated infrageneric classification
Authors: Shepherd Kelly A. , Lepschi Brendan J. , Johnson Eden A. , Gardner Andrew G. , Sessa Emily B. , Jabaily Rachel S.
Published: July 2020

Close scrutiny ofGoodenia(Goodeniaceae) and allied genera in the ‘Core Goodeniaceae’ over recent years has clarified our understanding of this captivating group. While expanded sampling, sequencing of multiple regions, and a genome skimming reinforced backbone clearly supportedGoodenias.l.as monophyletic and distinct fromScaevolaandCoopernookia, there appears to be no synapomorphic characters that uniquely characterise this morphologically diverse clade. WithinGoodenias.l., there is strong support from nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial data for three major clades (Goodenia Clades A, B and C) and various subclades, which lead to earlier suggestions for the possible recognition of these as distinct genera. Through ongoing work, it has become evident that this is impractical, as conflict remains within the most recently diverged Clade C, likely due to recent radiation and incomplete lineage sorting. In light of this, it is proposed that a combination of morphological characters is used to circumscribe an expandedGoodeniathat now includesVelleia,Verreauxia,SellieraandPentaptilon, and an updated infrageneric classification is proposed to accommodate monophyletic subclades. A total of twenty-five new combinations, three reinstatements, and seven new names are published herein including Goodenia subg. Monochila sect. Monochila subsect. Infracta K.A.Sheph.subsect. nov.Also, a type is designated for Goodenia subg. Porphyranthus sect. Ebracteolatae (K.Krause) K.A.Sheph.comb. et stat. nov., and lectotypes or secondstep lectotypes are designated for a further three names.
A cost analysis of transcription systems
Authors: Walton Stephanie , Livermore Laurence , Dillen Mathias , De Smedt Sofie , Groom Quentin , Koivunen Anne , Phillips Sarah
Published: July 2020

We compare different approaches to transcribing natural history data and summarise the advantages and disadvantages of each approach using six case studies from four different natural history collections. We summarise the main cost considerations when planning a transcription project and discuss the limitations we current have in understanding the costs behind transcription and data quality.
Repenser le contrat
Authors: Rotondo Anna , Mazzini Elena , Hémier Corinne
Published: July 2020

L’auteure explore le contexte philosophique des origines du contrat bilatéral de l’Analyse Transactionnelle d’Eric Berne ainsi que les aspects intersubjectifs annexes. Elle explicite la coexistence des racines psychanalytiques Berniennes avec les instances phénoménologiques à l’origine de la contractualisation. Dans cette perspective, certains aspects fondamentaux du contrat Bernien vont être analysés et approfondis : la bilatéralité, les contrats multilatéraux, l’entretien, l’élaboration. Il en émerge la centralité et l’éthique de la posture contractuelle dans le processus de soin et de counselling.
Bronastodobni jantar na zahodnem in srednjem Balkanu
Authors: Cwaliński Mateusz
Published: July 2020

V članku se avtor ukvarja s problematiko dotoka jantarja na zahodni in srednji Balkan v času bronaste dobe (natanč- neje okoli 1600–900 pr. n. št.) ter njegovim kroženjem med regijami tega območja. Razpoložljivi podatki, povezani s to temo, so bili analizirani z uporabo različnih računskih metod. Predhodno tipološko opredeljene jantarne jagode kažejo kronološke razlike, kar omogoča delitev na dva glavna sklopa, ki ju je mogoče pripisati srednji in mlajši oz. pozni bronasti dobi. Nekatere oblike so v uporabi v obeh obdobjih. Za številne tipe je značilen omejen obseg razprostranjenosti, ki verjetno govori za lokalno proizvodnjo. Tipe jantarnih jagod avtor primerja tudi z jantarnimi izdelki s sosednjih območij z jantarjem. Izbrani predmeti, ki se pojavljajo skupaj z jantarjem, dodatno osvetljujejo notranjo dinamiko kroženja jantarja in kažejo na potencialne udeležence izmenjave.
Rimski steber z rdeče barvanim ometom iz Emone
Authors: Maver Andreja , Županek Bernarda , Gutman Levstik Maja , Skaberne Dragomir , Dolenec Sabina
Published: July 2020

Arheološka izkopavanja, ki so leta 1999 potekala v Ljubljani, v inzuli XXVII Emone, so odkrila ostanek trupa stebra z organskim jedrom, postavljenega na kamnito plinto. V prispevku predstavljamo najdbo, njen arheološki kontekst in morebitne analogije, mineraloško-petrografsko sestavo ometa, tip pigmenta ter analizo naravnega kamna, uporabljenega za plinto. Od trupa stebra je ostal le zunanji del iz ometa, nanesenega v štirih plasteh in barvanega z rdečo okro, v notranjosti pa se je ohranil odtis trstičja. Plinta je pravokotni blok, narejen iz lokalnega spodnjejurskega oolitskega apnenca, verjetno z območja Podpeči. Oblika stebra kaže, da bi bil lahko del portika ali peristila, arheološki kontekst pa nakazuje povezavo z bazenom oz. kopališčnim kompleksom v tem delu poznorimske Emone.
Burgbichl pri Irschnu na avstrijskem Koroškem
Authors: Kainrath Barbara , Grabherr Gerald , Gugl Christian
Published: July 2020

Poznoantično višinsko naselje Burgbichl pri Irschnu v dolini Drave na avstrijskem Koroškem je bilo do sedaj raziskano v dveh arheoloških akcijah. Burgbichl leži na križišču ene glavne poti v jugovzhodnih Alpah – poti po Dravski dolini – in prečne poti, ki poteka iz Italije čez prelaz Gailpass (Gailbergsattel). Ker hrib kasneje ni bil poseljen, so antične zgradbe izredno dobro ohranjene: na severu obkroža približno hektar veliko poselitveno območje masiven obodni zid. Delno so bili izkopani deli vhoda in obzidja, velika stanovanjska stavba, dve obrtni območji, vodni zbiralnik in zgodnjekrščanska cerkev. V cerkvi s prizidkom na vzhodu sta ugotovljeni dve gradbeni fazi. Pomemben je dokaz o uporabi marmorja na več mestih: za prag, stopnico in okrasitev prezbiterija. V osrednjem delu prezbiterija je jama za relikviarij. Doslej sta bila odkrita dva grobova – eden v grobnici.

Pri poznoantičnih najdbah iz 5. in 6. st. gre za tipičen spekter, znan s sočasnih najdišč, z množico grobe keramike, posameznimi uvoženimi kosi keramike, novci in fibulami. Posebnost je koščena pasna spona, okrašena s koncentričnimi krožci s pikami. Na več mestih na hribu so vidni ostanki starejše uporabe prostora, tudi med najdbami je veliko predmetov iz rimskega imperialnega obdobja. Razumevanje teh starejših najdb v povezavi z očitno aktivnostjo na najdišču v obdobju od 1. do 3. st. bo vsekakor med glavnimi cilji prihodnjih raziskav.
Dolenjska halštatska skupina
Authors: Teržan Biba
Published: July 2020

Dolenjska kulturna skupina je ena izmed bolje raziskanih predelov jugovzhodnoalpske halštatske kulture, ki obsega poleg Dolenjske tudi Belo krajino in Gorjance/Žumberak ter Posavje in Zasavje. Solidno osnovo zanjo predstavlja krono- loška shema, ki jo je predložil S. Gabrovec in ki je bila dopolnjena predvsem s strani njegovih učencev. Bistveno nova so spoznanja, ki so jih prinesle raziskave o poselitvi teritorija dolenjske skupine, o njenih naselbinah ter utrdbah ter njeni organiziranosti. Nove vidike so odprla tudi novejša arheološka izkopavanja, zlasti gomilnih nekropol v Novem mestu in Budinjaku. Pogrebni običaji, kot se odražajo v različnih načinih pokopavanja (žgani, skeletni) in v različnih velikostih in strukturiranosti gomil (gomile z majhnim ali večjim številom grobov, gomile s centralnim grobom ali brez, gomile z grobovi v koncentrično razporejenih krogih, gomile z različno usmerjenostjo grobov ipd.) kažejo na kompleksnost halštatske družbe, na njeno socialno razslojenost in verovanjske predstave. Hkrati pa se dolenjska halštatska skupina skozi grobne pridatke kaže kot izrazito vojaško organizirana družba v primerjavi z drugimi skupinami jugovzhodnoalpskega halštatskega kroga.
Poselitev Bele krajine v prvi polovici 1. tisočletja pr. n. št. v luči novih raziskav
Authors: Mason Philip , Mlekuž Vrhovnik Dimitrij , Udovč Katarina
Published: July 2020

Arheološke raziskave v zadnjih petnajstih letih dopolnjujejo naše poznavanje poselitve in razumevanje pokrajine v Beli krajini v pozni bronasti in starejši železni dobi. Raziskave vključujejo več pristopov, predvsem terenske preglede in pedološke analize ter radiokarbonsko datiranje vzorcev z izkopavanj. Opravljene so bile tudi analize podatkov zračnega lidarskega snemanja, slednje ponuja velik potencial za razkrivanje razsežnosti poselitve na pogozdenih območjih hribovitih obronkov ter nižinskega krasa v Beli krajini, pa tudi nove poglede na že znana arheološka najdišča.

V prispevku je posebna pozornost posvečena pomenu omenjenih pristopov pri terenskih raziskavah, opravljenih v mestnem jedru Črnomlja (1995–2008), na zahodni črnomaljski obvoznici (2004–2009) ter Dragatuškem polju (2000– 2019), ki so razkrili vzorce in podrobnejšo sliko poselitve v pozni bronasti in starejši železni dobi ter prazgodovinske rabe prostora na območju Črnomlja in Dragatuškega polja.
Pod površino polnoročajnih mečev železnodobne dolenjske skupine
Authors: Turk Peter
Published: July 2020

V članku so predstavljeni rezultati rentgenske spektroskopije ročajev štirih polnoročajnih bronastih mečev starejše železnodobne dolenjske skupine. Rentgenski posnetek ročaja meča iz Podzemlja (8. st. pr. n. št.) dokazuje, da so ga priložili v grob po najmanj dveh popravilih. Trn antenskega meča z Vinjega vrha (8. st. pr. n. št.) je bil drugače kot pri podzemeljskem ulit skupaj z ročajem in ni ostanek zaključka rezila. Meč iz Save pri Krškem se po bimetalnosti navezuje na antenske meče iz jugovzhodne Evrope iz 9. oziroma 8. st. pr. n. št. Rentgenski posnetek nakazuje, da je bil bronast ročaj meča ulit neposredno na trnast zaključek železnega rezila. Rezilo meča z Vira pri Stični (7. st. pr. n. št.) se zaključi v spodnjem delu ročaja, kjer je pričvrščeno z zakovicama. V treh luknjicah na osrednjem delu ročaja ni več zakovic za pritrditev rezila. Prvotno rezilo so zamenjali z drugim, le plitvo vdetim v ročaj. Meč ni primeren za sekanje, temveč so ga uporabljali kot vbodni meč.
Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway and Proinflammatory Cytokines by Ursolic Acid in Murine Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Pitaloka Dian Ayu Eka , Cooper Andrea M. , Artarini Aluicia Anita , Damayanti Sophi , Sukandar Elin Yulinah
Published: July 2020

Mycobacterium avium, one of the closest relatives of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), offers an advantage in studying MTB because of its tuberculosis-like effect in humans and host immune tolerance. This study examined the antimycobacterial action of ursolic acid and its regulation in macrophages during infection. Colony-forming units of the bacteria were determined in the cell lysate of macrophages and in the supernatant. The effect of ursolic acid on macrophages during infection was determined by analyzing the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and nitrite. The colony-forming units analysis demonstrated that ursolic acid reduced the presence of Mycobacterium avium both intracellularly (in macrophages) and extracellularly. It decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 but increased the concentrations of interleukin-1β and nitrite during infection. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but phosphorylated the C-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. The antimycobacterial effect of ursolic acid correlated with its ability to regulate the activation of macrophages. This dual ability made the ursolic acid-related elimination of the mycobacteria more effective.
Expression of Fibroblast Cells after Extraction of Wistar Rat Teeth after Topical Application of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) Gel
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Juliastuti Wisnu Setyari , Risky Yuniar Aliyah , Wijayanti Elvina Hasna , Rachmawati Aisyah Ekasari , Asyhari Nidya Pramesti Olifia
Published: July 2020

Background: Tooth extraction is a dental procedure for removing a teeth from the alveolar bone socket. The tooth extraction process causes damage to hard tissue and soft tissue, so the body will respond physiologically to heal the wound. The wound healing process is divided into several phases, one of which is the proliferation phase of fibroblasts, which is one of the most important phases in the process of wound healing. Okra fruit contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids that have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant effects, and can stimulate angiogenesis so to accelerate the process of wound healing. Objective: to prove that the administration of okra fruit extract can accelerate the process of wound healing after extraction in the teeth of Wistar rats through increased expression of fibroblast cells. Methods: 18 Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups; control group and treatment group. The treatment group received a 30% okra fruit extract. The number of fibroblasts was calculated statistically using One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD. Results: The results showed that the expression of control group fibroblast cells on day 3 (19.00 ± 2.0), day 5 (21.67 ± 2.08), day 7 (24.00 ± 2.00), whereas in the treatment group on day 3 (24.00 ± 1.00), day 5 (29.00± 2.00), day 7 (30.00 ± 1.53). Anova test between groups showed a significant difference with P-value 0.006. Conclusion: 30% okra fruit extract can increase fibroblast expression in wound healing process after extraction of Wistar rat teeth.
Analysis of Tuberculosis Program Management in Primary Health Care
Authors: Juliasih Ni Njoman , Soedarsono  , Sari Reny Mareta
Published: July 2020

Background: This study discusses the analysis of Tuberculosis (TB) program management at the Perak Timur Primary Health Care (PHC) and the Sawahan PHC in Surabaya. Early detection and adequate treatment can prevent transmission and improve control programs. Objective: This study aims to analyze management of the tuberculosis program at PHCs in Surabaya. Methods: The research method used is qualitative research. Data collection was done by interviewing tuberculosis officers about TB program and carrying out observations at the PHCs. Results: The study showed that case finding in the Perak Timur PHC and the Sawahan PHC was passive-active. The Perak Timur PHC has facilities for rapid molecular testing, while the Sawahan PHC have to go to a center for Health Laboratory if rapid molecular testing is needed. In terms of treatment, patients at the Perak Timur PHC would come according to an agreement with TB officer, while at the Sawahan PHC, patients have to come every Monday. Officer at the Perak Timur PHC tended to accommodate the needs of TB patients compared to officer at the Sawahan PHC. The level of adherence to taking medication in two PHCs is good but there are a number of patients who have not really understood the frequency of taking medication. Conclusion: Generally, both PHCs have good TB program management but the Perak Timur PHC tends to be more flexible towards patients while the Sawahan PHC tends to be stricter towards patients.
The Efficacy of Photodynamic Inactivation with Laser Diode on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm with Various Ages of Biofilm
Authors: Astuti Suryani Dyah , Hafidiana  , Rulaningtyas Riries , Abdurachman  , Putra Alfian P. , Samian  , Arifianto Deny
Published: July 2020

Biofilms are able to cause microorganisms to be 80% more resistant to antibiotics. The extracelullar polymeric substance (EPS) in biofilm functions to protect bacteria, making it difficult for antibiotics to penetrate the biofilm layer. This study aims to determine the effective- ness of photodynamic inactivation with blue diode laser to reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm at various ages of biofilms. The light source is a 403 nm blue diode laser with an energy power of about 27.65 ± 0.01 mW. The study was designed with two groups: Group C was the untreated control group with variations in age of biofilms (0; 6; 11; 17; 24; 32; 40 and 48) hours; Group T was a laser treatment group with variations in age of biofilm and energy density (4.23; 8.46; 12.70; 16.93 and 21.16) J/cm2. Biofilm reduction measurement method using ELISA test was performed to calculate OD595 value. The statistical analysis results of variance showed that there was an influence of biofilm age and irradiation energy density of laser on biofilm reduction. Optical density analysis showed the most optimum biofilm reduction happened when biofilm age is perfectly constructed (about 17 hours) and with 91% reduction. The longer biofilm age lived among those biofilms, the greater the reduction. The results of the Scanning Microscope Electron and fluorescent microscope measurement showed destruction site of the EPS biofilm and bacterial cell death. So, the activated photodynamic with 403 nm laser diode is effective to reduce the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in the maturation phase.
Analysis of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase Levels in Tuberculosis Patients Who Are Undergoing Oat Treatment in Kendari City General Hospital, Kota Kendari, Indonesia
Authors: Rasyid Sri Anggarini , Armayani  , Yuniati  , Lio Tiara Mayang Pratiwi
Published: July 2020

In the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the patient is generally directly given Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (Obat Anti Tuberculosis/OAT) without examining Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) to see whether or not there is liver damage before treatment. Because of the side effects by OAT, it is important to know how the condition of the liver function of TB patients who consume OAT in Kendari City General Hospital (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah/RSUD) Kota Kendari by looking at SGOT and SGPT levels in order to provide maximum treatment to TB patients. The method of this research was descriptive analysis with cross sectional approach. The sample is all patients had previously been diagnosed with TB by a doctor based on medical records by in RSUD Kota Kendari after 1-2 months OAT treatment without any sign of liver injury before. Examination of SGOT and SGPT levels was performed on all samples in the Laboratory of RSUD Kota Kendari using clinical chemistry analyzer. The results of this study showed that 20% patients with TB had elevated levels of SGPT and SGOT with average SGOT is 51 U/L and SGPT is 42.5. The Inference of this study that there is an increase in SGOT and SGPT levels in patients who consume OAT 1-2 months in RSUD Kota Kendari. Elevated levels of SGPT and SGOT due to Anti Tuberculosis (OAT) drugs did not occur in all patients and only increased in 3 people, but qualitatively the effect of administering anti-tuberculosis drugs significantly increased levels of SGPT and SGPT. Thus, monitoring of liver physiology remains recommended especially for elderly patients.
Hyperbaric Hyperoxia Exposure in Suppressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication: An Experimental In Vitro in Peripheral Mononuclear Blood Cells Culture
Authors: Budiarti Retno , Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Nasronudin  , Kuntaman  , Guritno
Published: July 2020

Cellular immune has an important role in response HIV infection, which is attack the infected cells to activate signaling molecule. Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) worked as complementary treatment for HIV infection. The production of ROS and RNS molecules during hyperbaric exposure can affect gene expression which contributes to cellular adaptative response. This study was conducted to explore the mechanisms of cellular adaptive response to HIV infection during hyperbaric exposure. This study was carried on in vitro using healthy volunteers’ PBMCs (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) cultures infected with HIV-1. The study was conducted as a post- test only group design. The experimental unit was PBMC from venous blood of healthy volunteers which were cultured in vitro and infected by co-culturing with HIV-1 in MT4 cell line. The experimental unit consist of treatment and control group. Each group examined the expression of transcription factor NFκB, Interferon α, reverse transcriptase inhibitors (p21), and the amount of HIV-1 p24 antigen. There were increasingly significant differences in the expression of the trancription factor of NFκB, p21, and HIV-1 p24 antigen,as well as mRNA transcription of interferon α2 between treatment and controlgroup. By decreasing p24 antigen showed that HBO exposure was able to suppress HIV-1 replication. The exposure to hyperbaric oxygen at the pressure of 2.4 ATAand 98% oxygen wasable to produce ROS and RNS molecules, which play a role in cellular adaptive responses through increasing the expression of nfĸb, p21 and mRNA of interferon α2 plays a role in inhibition mechanism of HIV-1 replication in cells.
Human Herpes Virus 8 Antibodies in HIV-Positive Patients in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Oktafiani Devi , Megasari Ni Luh Ayu , Fitriana Elsa , Nasronudin  , Lusida Maria Inge , Soetjipto
Published: July 2020

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is etiologically related to Kaposi’s sarcoma. Antibodies directed against HHV-8 can be detected in 80%–95% of HIV-seropositive patients with KS. HHV-8 serological tests have been done in several countries in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, and Thailand however no serological data is available in Indonesia. This study was to examine the presence of HHV-8 antibodies in HIV-positive patients in Surabaya, Indonesia. Material and methods: Ninety-one serum samples were collected from HIV-positive patients in Surabaya, Indonesia. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive serum samples were collected from 10 homosexual men, 25 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and 56 heterosexuals. Serums were then tested for the presence of HHV-8 antibody by using sandwich ELISA (Abbexa Ltd, Cambridge, UK). Results: The total of 91 HIV-infected were testing with antibodies to HHV-8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies of HHV-8 were detected in 7/91 (7.7%) of the samples. According to a gender, six men (85.7%) and a women (14.3%) were positive of HHV-8 antibodies. No correlation regarding the gender and age from this study. The antibodies of HHV-8 was detected among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) men 5/7 (42.8%) and 2/7 (28.6%) from homosexual and heterosexual, respectively. Conclusion: This study found the presence of HHV-8 antibodies in 7.7% of patients in Surabaya, Indonesia. This finding was higher more than Southeast Asian countries. The patients with a positive result could suggest measures to prevent HHV-8 infection.
Congenital Rubella Syndrome Profile of Audiology Outpatient Clinic in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Rosalina Elsa , Purnami Nyilo
Published: July 2020

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) consists of hearing impairment, ophthalmology abnormalities, and congenital heart disease in children, resulting from rubella infection during pregnancy. Rubella vaccine has been implemented as national immunization program in Indonesia since 2017, and needed to be evaluated. This study aimed to report the CRS patients’ profile of Audiology Outpatient Clinic in Surabaya. A descriptive study from patient’s medical record was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya from January 2016 to December 2017. CRS was categorized using World Health Organization classification. Suspected infants with CRS burden were assessed by Otoacoustic Emission and rubella antibody test. Ninety five infants suspected with CRS classified as laboratory- confirmed CRS (58.95%), clinically confirmed CRS (15.79%), and discarded CRS (25.26%). Clinical manifestations included combination of congenital heart disease and hearing impairment (17.89%), congenital heart disease, ophthalmology abnormalities, and hearing impairment (16.84%), and hearing impairment and ophthalmology abnormalities (13.68%). The data show a high burden of CRS in Surabaya. These implies the urgent need for national rubella immunization program.
Ureteroarterial Fistula Presenting as Gross Hematuria during Routine Nephroureteral Stent Exchange
Authors: Matsunaga Felipe , Arabi Mohammed , Tavri Sidhartha
Published: July 2020

Ureteroarterial fistula (UAF) is an uncommon entity and underrecognized etiology of hematuria in patients with a history of pelvic malignancy, irradiation, and surgery. Herein we report two cases of UAF unexpectedly identified during routine nephroureteral stent exchanges which highlight salient points regarding diagnosis and management.
Non-Palpable Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Initially Diagnosed by Inguinal Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: Zuhdy Mohammad , Zaky Mona , Alghandour Reham , Abdelazeem Gena , Hamdy Omar , Shebl Abdelhadi
Published: July 2020

Metastasis from breast cancer to the inguinal lymph nodes or the vulva is a rare event with very few cases reported in literature. A 38-year-old lady presented complaining of progressive abdominal enlargement. Physical examination was unremarkable apart from abdominal enlargement and enlarged right inguinal lymph node. Radiology showed marked ascites, omental thickening, bilateral small ovarian masses, suspicious right inguinal lymph node (LN) as well as breast fibrocystic disease. Cytological examination of the ascitic fluid revealed malignant cells. Core needle biopsy from the inguinal LN suggested metastatic breast carcinoma. Breast MRI showed heterogeneous fibro-glandular tissue and moderate parenchymal enhancement. Random core needle biopsies from the breast led to the diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma. The patient received 8 cycles of docetaxel/carboplatin protocol, with partial response. Next, she was maintained on hormonal treatment (Anastrazole) till the ascites re- accumulated. Vulvar nodules appeared whose biopsy revealed infiltration by the same tumoral tissue. She received 6 cycles of Endoxan and Pharmarubicin till regression was achieved, and then she was subjected to Exemestane. Thorough clinical assessment including of all lymph node basins and gynecological assessment are crucial in all breast cancer patients, particularly those with invasive lobular subtypes.

Keywords: Breast neoplasms, Lobular, Vulva, Vulvar metastasis, Neoplasm metastasis
Sleep Quality and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Among Patients with Prostatic Diseases
Authors: Oyelekan Abimbola , Ogunsemi Olawale , Afe Taiwo , Ayoade Babatunde , Nwokoro Collins , Oluyemi Olukayode , Oyelekan Funmilayo , Adeleye Olufunke
Published: July 2020

Background: Incidence of symptomatic prostatic diseases increases with age. Nocturia disturbs sleep. We set out to determine the quality of sleep and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bother score in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma of the prostate (CAP).

Methods: A cross-sectional study of new patients seen in the urology outpatient clinic with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) from either BPH or CAP over a period of 18 months. Patients were interviewed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and International prostate symptoms score (IPSS) questionnaires. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results:168 patients were interviewed. CAP patients were older than their BPH counterparts. About 45% of the patients had poor sleep quality. CAP patients (52.9%) were more of poor sleepers compared with BPH patients (40.0%). CAP patients (46.3%) had more severe IPSS than BPH patients (33.3%). Both CAP (70.6%) and BPH (76.0%) patients reported high bother score.

Conclusion: CAP and BPH patients have high bother score, affirming need for early treatment. CAP patients had more severe lower urinary tract symptoms and poorer sleep quality than BPH patients.

Keywords: IPSS, Sleep quality, LUTS, Bother score
Communal Dictatorships, Sexual Orientations and Perverse Labelling in Modern Africa
Authors: Attoe Aribiah David
Published: July 2020

Most Africans are generally in sync in their communal rejection of certain perceived moral threats – in this case, allegedly ‘unnatural’ sexual orientations – as immoral and un-African. It is the truthfulness of these assumptions that I seek to question. Thus, in this essay, I question the assumption that nonheterosexuality is immoral and un-African. To do this, I attempt to isolate the traditional African outlook on alleged ‘unnatural’ sexual orientations, the communal drive towards this outlook and the implications of both for individual freedom. Specifically, I introduce what I call communal dictatorships as the driving force behind the labels usually placed on nonconformal attitudes regarding sexual behaviours and orientations. I also examine what that means for the individual and whether such labelling is philosophically justified. I shall employ the conversational method of African philosophy as the methodology of this essay.
Application of the finite element method to solving the duffing equation of ground motion
Authors: Mbah Godwin C.E. , Ibeh Kingsley Kelechi
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we applied the Galerkin Finite Element Method to solve a damped, externally forced, second order ordinary differential equation with cubic nonlinearity known as the Duffing Equation. The Galerkin method uses the functional minimization technique which sets the equation in systems of algebraic equations to be solved. Various simulation on the effect of change on some parametric values of the Duffing equation are shown.

Keywords: Galerkin Finite Element Method, stiffness matrix, Duffing Equation, shape functions, basis functions, weight functions.
Effect of ionic concentrations and ph on the Atterberg limit of cohesive soil
Authors: Ike E.
Published: July 2020

The addition of salt to pore water can affect the behaviour of the soil by influencing the electrochemical forces exist between the solid, liquid and dissolved phases. Changes in geotechnical behaviour of fine grained soils under the influence of ionic concentrations and pH depends on the chemistry of the soil constituents and the pore fluid chemistry. The geotechnical modifications of soil behaviour largely depend on the clay particles and the diversities in the nature of the clay types is due to their specific surface and the net electrical charge on them. Generally, clay particles surface are negatively charged while its edges are positively charged. To preserve electrical neutrality the negative charge of the clay particle is balanced by the attraction of cations which are held between the layers, and on the surface of the particles. The charged clay surface together with the counter–ions in the pore water at the diffuse double layer. The present study focuses on the effect of the ionic concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) and pH on the liquid limit of fine grained soil. Fall cone test was conducted to measure the liquid limit in different concentrations of the pore fluid, with each of the ionic concentrations prepared in four different pH values (3.5, 5.5, 7.5 and 9.5). From the test results, it was observed that the pH values generally has no significant effect on the liquid limit of the samples; while the liquid limit lightly undulated at lower pH values at ionic concentrations of 0.00001 M, 0.0004 M and 0.003 M, the pH values had least influence at higher ionic concentrations (0.1 M and 1.8 M) of KCL. This behaviour is attributed to the buffering effects of the relatively high solute content at 0.1 M and 1.8 M. On the other hand, the liquid limit decreased with increasing ionic concentrations of KCL. Increasing the ionic concentration reduces the thickness of the diffuse double layer thereby depleting the repulsive forces and hence increases the effective stress leading to flocculation of clay particles that gave rise to the reduction in the liquid limit of the clayey sample

Keywords: Liquid Limit, potassium chloride, pore fluid, ionic concentrations, pH
Disclosing HIV-Positive Status: What Do Questions Have to Do with It?
Authors: Kiranga Jacinta Wanjiku , Lumala Masibo F. P. , Richard Musebe
Published: July 2020

This article discussed the need to ask questions among people living with HIV to facilitate disclosure. This is because disclosure of a HIV-positive status is an important tool for prevention of HIV and early treatment, many people who know their status do not disclose to their spouse or sexual partners. Disclosure would not only protect the spouse from risk of infection and if already infected be able to access treatment, support and care  but also promote adherence to antiretroviral therapy. The paper looked at questioning as an important communication skill that can facilitate disclosure. This paper is based on a larger qualitative study that investigated the factors influencing disclosure of HIV-positive status to spouses among people living with HIV in Kirinyaga County in Kenya. Data was collected using semistructured In-Depth Interviews. The paper argued that questions play a crucial role in disclosure of a HIV-positive status in accessing information which would otherwise be unavailable about the HIV-positive status of their spouses and suggests incorporation of communication skills on questioning and disclosure at the comprehensive care  Centre services.

Key Words: HIV disclosure, person living with HIV, questioning, spouses, psychological safety
Forces and Flaws in Flora Nwapa’s Efuru and Idu
Authors: Asiegbu Perp’ St. Remy
Published: July 2020

Considering her unique position as the premier African woman to publish a novel in English, given, also, her relatively artistic delineation of the African woman’s experience at a time when there is a dearth of female voice on that topic; when works of the male authors generally denigrate women, Flora Nwapa receives a commendable level of attention from critics all over the world. While most of the critics appreciate her for drawing attention to the strength and challenges of the African woman, others fault her for the absence of literary dexterity in her narrative. But for some critics’ romance with Uhamiri, not enough attention, relatively, has been given to the intrinsic and extrinsic forces surrounding Nwapa as a writer and how she manages these forces in plot development. Thus, this paper addresses this concern through the analysis of her foremost works, Efuru andIdu. Certain oversights are, also, noted some of which result from her deliberate or unconscious attempt to handle the forces that influence her. This is to draw attention to a writer’s conscious or unconscious struggle with forces, natural or supernatural, and, also, point to certain flaws, in Nwapa’s narrative, for the advancement of scholarship. The choice of Nwapa and her first two novels derives from the need to approach a relatively new topic from the beginning.

Key Words: Forces, flaws, tradition, love, muse, influence.