bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Analgesiesteuerung: Analgesie Nociception Index (ANI) vs. „standard care“ bei Hysterektomien unter Sevoflurannarkose
Authors: Kunst A. M. , Wulf H. , Stegemann B. , Fiehn A.
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Während zu klinischer Überwachung und Kontrolle von Hypnose und Muskelrelaxation validierte Methoden im Anästhesiealltag existieren, basiert die Einschätzung der Analgesie immer noch überwiegend auf der Interpretation klinischer Vitalparameter. In der vorliegenden klinischen Studie wurde untersucht, ob die Verwendung eines „Nozizeption-Monitors“ zur Erfassung des intraoperativen Analgetikabedarfs der bisherigen Analyse der Vitalparameter überlegen ist. Zur quantitativen Erfassung der Analgesie wurde der Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI; Fa. MDoloris, Lille, France) verwendet. Dieser beruht auf der Analyse der atemabhängigen Herzfrequenzvariabilität.

Methode

Es handelt sich um eine klinische prospektive randomisierte kontrollierte Einfachblindstudie an 110 Patientinnen, welche sich einer laparoskopischen Hysterektomie in balancierter Anästhesie in der Agaplesion Diakonie Kliniken Kassel unterzogen.

Bei der Interventionsgruppe (ANI) erfolgte die intraoperative Analgetikagabe unter Verwendung des ANI-Monitors, wohingegen in der Vergleichsgruppe (VER) die Analgetikadosierung nach bisherigen klinischen Parametern (Vitalparameter, intraoperative Abwehrbewegungen) erfolgte. Anschließend wurden die Gruppen im Hinblick auf intraoperativen Opioidverbrauch (Fentanyl), postoperative Schmerzen und opioidinduzierte Nebenwirkungen sowie Patientenzufriedenheit am 3. postoperativen Tag verglichen.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 101 Patientinnen analysiert. Unsere Beobachtungen ergaben einen höheren durchschnittlichen intraoperativen Fentanylverbrauch in der Interventionsgruppe, bedingt durch eine signifikant höhere Anzahl an Einzelgaben (0,54 vs. 0,44 mg, p < 0,001). Bezüglich der weiteren Beobachtungspunkte gab es kaum Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Bei der Patientenbefragung am 3. postoperativen Tag ergab sich ein Unterschied bezüglich einer höheren subjektiv geschilderten Vigilanzminderung in der ANI-Gruppe, nicht jedoch anderer Nebenwirkungen oder der Zufriedenheit mit der Schmerztherapie insgesamt.

Schlussfolgerung

Eine Optimierung der Schmerztherapie durch intraoperative Zuhilfenahme des Analgesia-Nociception-Index(ANI)-Monitors bei Hysterektomiepatientinnen unter balancierter Anästhesie mit Sevofluran und Fentanyl konnte demzufolge nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Fear of COVID and Physical Health Among People Living with HIV in China: Mediation Effects of HIV Stigma, Social Support, and Substance Use
Authors: Chen Wei-Ti , Huang Feifei , Sun Wenxiu , Zhang Lin
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has uniquely impacted people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide. The negative impacts on PLWH’s mental health from fear of COVID-19 are labeled as “a double stress.” The association between fear of COVID-19 and HIV (internalized) stigma has been found among PLWH. Studies that explore the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and physical health outcomes are few, especially among PLWH. In this study, we explored the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and physical health among PLWH and the mediated effects of HIV stigma, social support, and substance use. A cross-sectional online survey of PLWH (n = 201) from November 2021 to May 2022 was carried out in Shanghai, China. The data on socio-demographics, fear of COVID-19, physical health, HIV-related perceived stigma, social support, and substance use were gathered and analyzed by structure equation modeling (SEM). In SEM analysis, fear of COVID-19 showed a significant and indirect effect on physical health (β=-0.085) which was primarily mediated by HIV stigma. In SEM analysis, the final model had a good fit. Fear of COVID-19 showed a significant effect on HIV stigma (β = 0.223) with the majority being direct effects (β = 0.262) and a small indirect effect via substance use (β=-0.039). Furthermore, HIV stigma showed a significant effect on physical health (β=-0.382), the majority of which was direct (β=-0.340), and a small indirect effect via social support (β=-0.042). This is one of the first studies to explore how fear of contracting COVID-19 can affect PLWH’s coping behaviors (e.g., using substances and obtaining social support) used to combat HIV stigma as well as to achieve better physical health in China.
Representative Phenomena of Cyclic Turbulent Combustion in High-Pressure Fuel Sprays
Authors: Parker Allen , Agrawal Ajay , Bittle Joshua
Published: June 2023

Cyclic variations in conventional diesel combustion engines can lead to large differences in engine out emissions even at steady operation. This study uses an optically accessible constant-pressure flow chamber to acquire fuel injections in quick succession to analyze mixing, auto-ignition, and combustion of diesel-surrogate n-heptane using multiple high-speed optical diagnostics. Prior studies have utilized fewer injections and/or they rely on analysis of ensemble average behavior. These approaches do not yield information on injection-to-injection variation or provide confidence in utilizing individual injection measurements for high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model validation. In this study, a large set of 500 injections is used to obtain global parameters including liquid length, vapor penetration length, ignition delay time, and lift-off length. Results for multiple injections are presented to illustrate large injection to injection variations. Potential sources for these variations are analyzed to conclude localized, small scale turbulence and rate of injection variations as the likely sources. Then, a statistical method based on z-scores is proposed and implemented to identify instantaneous injections that best represent the bulk data-set of jet boundaries measured independently by three different diagnostics. This synthesis of statistics-guided screening of data set and ensemble-average analysis offers higher confidence for CFD model validation relying upon both a representative single and average injection results.
Institutional Logics in the UK Construction Industry’s Response to Modern Slavery Risk: Complementarity and Conflict
Authors: Pesterfield Christopher , Rogerson Michael
Published: June 2023

There is a growing understanding that modern slavery is a phenomenon ‘hidden in plain sight’ in the home countries of multinational firms. Yet, business scholarship on modern slavery has so far focussed on product supply chains. To address this, we direct attention to the various institutional pressures on the UK construction industry, and managers of firms within it, around modern slavery risk for on-site labour. Based on a unique data set of 30 in-depth interviews with construction firm managers and directors, we identify two institutional logics as being integral to explaining how these companies have responded to the Modern Slavery Act: a market logic and a state logic. While the institutional logics literature largely assumes that institutional complexity will lead to a conciliation of multiple logics, we find both complementarity and continued conflict in the logics in our study. Though we identify conciliation between aspects of the market logic and the state logic, conflict remains as engagement with actions which could potentially address modern slavery is limited by the trade-offs between the two logics.
Network-assisted processing of advanced IoT applications: challenges and proof-of-concept application
Authors: Mora Higinio , Pujol Francisco A. , Ramírez Tamai , Jimeno-Morenilla Antonio , Szymanski Julian
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in the area of the Internet of Things shows that devices are usually resource-constrained. To enable advanced applications on these devices, it is necessary to enhance their performance by leveraging external computing resources available in the network. This work presents a study of computational platforms to increase the performance of these devices based on the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) paradigm. The main contribution of this paper is to research the advantages and possibilities of architectures with multiple offloading options. To this end, a review of architectures that use a combination of the computing layers in the available infrastructure to perform this paradigm and outsource processing load is presented. In addition, a proof-of-concept application is introduced to demonstrate its realization along all the network layers. The results of the simulations confirm the high flexibility to offload numerous tasks using different layers and the ability to overcome unfavorable scenarios.
Too Lucky to Be a Victim? An Exploratory Study of Online Harassment and Hate Messages Faced by Social Media Influencers
Authors: Valenzuela-García Noelia , Maldonado-Guzmán Diego J. , García-Pérez Andrea , Del-Real Cristina
Published: June 2023

Influencers are persistently exposed through social media. Once almost unapproachable, celebrities are now open to daily interaction with the public. From comments, polls, emails, and even private messages, the public can engage with their celebrities with a mere click. While this engagement provides influencers with advantages, it also renders them particularly susceptible to online harassment and toxic critics. This paper investigates the characteristics, impact, and reactions to cyber victimisation among social media influencers. To accomplish this objective, the paper presents the findings of two studies: a self-reported online victimisation survey conducted among Spanish influencers and an online ethnography. The results indicate that over 70% of influencers have encountered some form of online harassment and toxic critics. Cyber victimisation, its effects, and reactions vary across socio-demographic characteristics and the influencers’ profiles. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis of the online ethnography reveals that harassed influencers can be classified as non-ideal victims. The implications of these findings for the literature are discussed.
Graduates’ responses to student loan debt in England: “sort of like an acceptance, but with anxiety attached”
Authors: Callender Claire , Davis Susila
Published: June 2023

In 2020–2021, 94% of undergraduates in England took out government-backed loans to fund their higher education. The growing and widespread use of student loans in England, mounting student debt, and governments’ increasing dependence on tuition fees underwritten by loans to finance public higher education raise important questions which this paper seeks to address. Specifically, the paper asks how do graduates respond to student loan debt and what does this tells us about the nature of the relationship between the graduate debtor and the state lender? We also question the usefulness of symbolic violence as a sociological lens to better understand graduates’ different patterns of responses and reactions to student loan debt and their relationship with the state lender. Our analysis draws on 98 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with English graduates between 2020 and 2021. We conclude that a more comprehensive explanation requires an exploration of both symbolic violence and structural violence and a re-appraisal of the word ‘violence’ to better represent the wide range of graduates’ responses.
Reference Correlations of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of 1-Hexene from the Triple Point to High Temperatures and Pressures
Authors: Sotiriadou Sofia , Ntonti Eleftheria , Assael Marc J. , Huber Marcia L.
Published: June 2023

This paper presents new wide-ranging correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of 1-hexene based on critically evaluated experimental data. The viscosity correlation is valid from the triple point to 580 K and up to 245 MPa pressure, while the thermal conductivity is valid from the triple point to 620 K and 200 MPa pressure. Both correlations are designed to be used with a recently published equation of state that extends from the triple point to 535 K, at pressures up to 245 MPa. The estimated uncertainty (at a 95 % confidence level) for the viscosity is 2 % for the low-density gas (pressures below 0.5 MPa), and 4.8 % over the rest of the range of application. For thermal conductivity, the expanded uncertainty is estimated to be 3 % for the low-density gas and 4 % over the rest of the range.
The use of radon as a tracer for air quality assessment: a case study in Bratislava, Slovakia
Authors: Sultani Mohammad Alem , Bulko Martin , Holý Karol , Müllerová Monika , Masarik Jozef , Tonhauzer Peter , Helej Markus
Published: June 2023

Air quality in urban areas is mainly controlled by emission sources and dispersion conditions. The mixing layer height (MLH) within which the pollutants are dispersed plays an important role in air pollution assessment. In this study, the MLH was determined based on the daily radon flux obtained from the European radon flux map and outdoor radon concentration measured in Bratislava, Slovakia. The radon-based MLH was compared with the boundary layer height obtained from the ERA-5 reanalysis dataset, showing good agreement. Using the Sturges grouping method and regression analysis, radon-based MLH showed significant correlations with the concentration of various atmospheric pollutants.
Exploring the effects of pandemics on transportation through correlations and deep learning techniques
Authors: Gamel Samah A. , Hassan Esraa , El-Rashidy Nora , Talaat Fatma M.
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on human migration worldwide, affecting transportation patterns in cities. Many cities have issued "stay-at-home" orders during the outbreak, causing commuters to change their usual modes of transportation. For example, some transit/bus passengers have switched to driving or car-sharing. As a result, urban traffic congestion patterns have changed dramatically, and understanding these changes is crucial for effective emergency traffic management and control efforts. While previous studies have focused on natural disasters or major accidents, only a few have examined pandemic-related traffic congestion patterns. This paper uses correlations and machine learning techniques to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 and transportation. The authors simulated traffic models for five different networks and proposed a Traffic Prediction Technique (TPT), which includes an Impact Calculation Methodology that uses Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression, as well as a Traffic Prediction Module (TPM). The paper's main contribution is the introduction of the TPM, which uses Convolutional Neural Network to predict the impact of COVID-19 on transportation. The results indicate a strong correlation between the spread of COVID-19 and transportation patterns, and the CNN has a high accuracy rate in predicting these impacts.
Ethnic-Racial Socialization, Teacher Discrimination, and Black Youth’s School Engagement and Achievement
Authors: Lambert Sharon F. , Saleem Farzana T. , Liu Chang , Rose Theda
Published: June 2023

Ethnic-racial socialization is one strategy Black parents use to support their children’s school engagement and academic achievement given the occurrence and toxic effects of discrimination. Egalitarianism and preparation for bias socialization messages have yielded mixed evidence of promotive and protective effects for Black youth's school outcomes, and effects may vary according to ethnicity. Thus, this research examined associations between ethnic-racial socialization messages and school engagement and achievement, and whether these messages protected against teacher discrimination effects on academic achievement transmitted through school engagement, among a nationally representative sample of Black adolescents who participated in the National Survey of American Life Adolescent supplement study. Ethnic-racial socialization message content and the frequency of communication about race demonstrated different associations with engagement (i.e., school bonding, aspiration-expectation discrepancy, and disciplinary actions) and achievement (i.e., grades) for African American and Caribbean Black youth. However, the benefits were not sufficient to combat the adverse effects of teacher discrimination on school engagement and, in turn, achievement. These findings highlight the utility of integrating ethnic-racial socialization into prevention programs to support Black youth’s school experiences; demonstrate the importance of attention to heterogeneity within Black youth; and underscore the critical need for prevention programs to address teacher discrimination.
Assessing micro- vs macro-costing approaches for treating appendicitis in children with appendicectomy or non-operatively
Authors: Chorozoglou Maria , Reading Isabel , Eaton Simon , Naqvi Shehryer , Pardy Caroline , Sloan Keren , Major Christina , Demellweek Natasha , Hall Nigel J.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

We conducted a health economic sub-study within a feasibility RCT comparing a non-operative treatment pathway as an alternative to appendicectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. The objectives were to understand and assess data collection tools and methods and to determine indicative costs and benefits assessing the feasibility of conducting a full economic evaluation within the definitive trial.

Methods

We compared different methods of estimating treatment costs including micro-costing, hospital administrative data (PLICS) and health system (NHS) reference costs. We compared two different HRQoL instruments (CHU-9D and EQ-5D-5L) in terms of data completeness and sensitivity to change over time, including potential ceiling effects. We also explored how the timing of data collection and duration of the analysis could affect QALYs (Quality Adjusted Life Years) and the results of the cost-utility analysis (CUA) within the future RCT.

Results

Using a micro-costing approach, the total per treatment costs were in alignment with hospital administrative data (PLICS). Average health system reference cost data (macro-costing using NHS costs) could potentially underestimate these treatment costs, particularly for non-operative treatment. Costs incurred following hospital discharge in the primary care setting were minimal, and limited family borne costs were reported by parents/carers. While both HRQoL instruments performed relatively well, our results highlight the problem of ceiling effect and the importance of the timing of data collection and the duration of the analysis in any future assessment using QALYs and CUA.

Conclusions

We highlighted the importance of obtaining accurate individual-patient cost data when conducting economic evaluations. Our results suggest that timing of data collection and duration of the assessment are important considerations when evaluating cost-effectiveness and reporting cost per QALY.

Clinical trial registration

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15830435.
Body Shame in 7–12-Year-Old Girls and Boys: The Role of Parental Attention to Children’s Appearance
Authors: Pecini Chiara , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Crapolicchio Eleonora , Vezzali Loris , Andrighetto Luca
Published: June 2023

Guided by the Tripartite Influence Model and Objectification Theory, we examined whether parents’ attention to their children’s appearance was related to higher body shame in girls and boys. In Study 1 (N = 195) and 2 (N = 163), we investigated 7-12-year-old children’s metaperceptions about parents’ attention to their appearance and its association with children’s body shame. In Study 3, we examined the link between parents’ self-reported attention to their children’s appearance and children’s body shame among parent-child triads (N = 70). Results demonstrated that both children’s metaperceptions and fathers’ self-reported attention to children’s appearance were associated with body shame in children. Furthermore, when mothers’ and fathers’ attitudes toward their children were analyzed simultaneously, only fathers’ attention to their children’s appearance was associated with greater body shame in girls and boys. Notably, no gender differences emerged, suggesting that parents’ attention to their children’s appearance was not differentially related to body shame in girls and boys. These results remained significant when controlling for other sources of influence, namely peer and media influence, both of which were found to have a strong association with body shame in children. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Simplifying non-contiguous data transfer with MPI for Python
Authors: Nölp Klaus , Oden Lena
Published: June 2023

Python is becoming increasingly popular in scientific computing. The package MPI for Python (mpi4py) allows writing efficient parallel programs that scale across multiple nodes. However, it does not support non-contiguous data via slices, which is a well-known feature of NumPy. In this work, we therefore evaluate several methods to support the direct transfer of non-contiguous arrays in mpi4py. This significantly simplifies the code, while the performance basically stays the same. In a PingPong-, Stencil- and Lattice-Boltzmann-Benchmark, we compare the common manual copying, a NumPy-Copy design and a design that is based on MPI derived datatypes. In one case, the MPI derived datatype design could achieve a speedup of 15% in a Stencil-Benchmark on four compute nodes. Our designs are superior to naive manual copies, but for maximum performance manual copies with pre-allocated buffers or MPI persistent communication will be a better choice.
Towards automated detection of hyperhydricity in plant in vitro culture
Authors: Bethge Hans , Mohammadi Nakhjiri Zahra , Rath Thomas , Winkelmann Traud
Published: June 2023

Hyperhydricity (HH) is one of the most important physiological disorders that negatively affects various plant tissue culture techniques. The objective of this study was to characterize optical features to allow an automated detection of HH. For this purpose, HH was induced in two plant species, apple and Arabidopsis thaliana, and the severity was quantified based on visual scoring and determination of apoplastic liquid volume. The comparison between the HH score and the apoplastic liquid volume revealed a significant correlation, but different response dynamics. Corresponding leaf reflectance spectra were collected and different approaches of spectral analyses were evaluated for their ability to identify HH-specific wavelengths. Statistical analysis of raw spectra showed significantly lower reflection of hyperhydric leaves in the VIS, NIR and SWIR region. Application of the continuum removal hull method to raw spectra identified HH-specific absorption features over time and major absorption peaks at 980 nm, 1150 nm, 1400 nm, 1520 nm, 1780 nm and 1930 nm for the various conducted experiments. Machine learning (ML) model spot checking specified the support vector machine to be most suited for classification of hyperhydric explants, with a test accuracy of 85% outperforming traditional classification via vegetation index with 63% test accuracy and the other ML models tested. Investigations on the predictor importance revealed 1950 nm, 1445 nm in SWIR region and 415 nm in the VIS region to be most important for classification. The validity of the developed spectral classifier was tested on an available hyperspectral image acquisition in the SWIR-region.
Nonparametric tests for semiparametric regression models
Authors: Ferraccioli Federico , Sangalli Laura M. , Finos Livio
Published: June 2023

Semiparametric regression models have received considerable attention over the last decades, because of their flexibility and their good finite sample performances. Here we propose an innovative nonparametric test for the linear part of the models, based on random sign-flipping of an appropriate transformation of the residuals, that exploits a spectral decomposition of the residualizing matrix associated with the nonparametric part of the model. The test can be applied to a vast class of extensively used semiparametric regression models with roughness penalties, with nonparametric components defined over one-dimensional, as well as over multi-dimensional domains, including, for instance, models based on univariate or multivariate splines. We prove the good asymptotic properties of the proposed test. Moreover, by means of extensive simulation studies, we show the superiority of the proposed test with respect to current parametric alternatives, demonstrating its excellent control of the Type I error, accompanied by a good power, even in challenging data scenarios, where instead current parametric alternatives fail.
Conquering New Frontiers: The Effect of Vegetation Establishment and Environmental Interactions on the Expansion of Tidal Marsh Systems
Authors: Steinigeweg Charlotte S. , Paul Maike , Kleyer Michael , Schröder Boris
Published: June 2023

Tidal marshes are dynamic systems whose lateral expansion depends on various biologically, physically, and geomorphologically controlled small- and large-scale feedback networks. Due to the bimodal existence of two landscape states at the tidal marsh edge (vegetated tidal marsh flat and bare tidal flat), and the high wave energy affecting the foremost seaward (pioneer) zone of tidal marshes, plant seedlings face two challenges: 1) successful seed settling and germination or clonal expansion and establishment under non-optimal conditions, and 2) a variety of abiotic stresses after establishment. Modelling and laboratory studies have addressed the reciprocal relationship especially between hydrodynamic and sedimentary forces and vegetation traits and have revealed fundamental mechanisms and feedbacks. Nevertheless, validations of the findings from artificial environments in natural ecosystems are still lacking. In this review, we present the current state of literature to vegetation-abiotic interactions, focusing on the establishment and adaptation of seedlings and propagules and what effect they may have on the prospective evolution of tidal marshes.
BCI–VR-Based Hand Soft Rehabilitation System with Its Applications in Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke
Authors: Gao Nuo , Chen Pengcheng , Liang Lihua
Published: June 2023

The recovery of hand motor function can effectively improve the living standard of stroke patients and relieve their psychological anxiety. Traditional physical rehabilitation training is unable to target the cause of motor function loss; therefore, the rehabilitation effect is not ideal. The objective of this study is to propose a hand rehabilitation system combining brain–computer interface (BCI), soft hand rehabilitation glove and virtual reality (VR), and explore its effectiveness on hand movement disorders in stroke patients. The corresponding comparison experiments conducted on 11 stroke patients demonstrated that the proposed BCI-based hand rehabilitation system can not only mobilize more cerebral cortex to participate in the process of hand motor rehabilitation, but also enhance the muscle strength, muscle tension, and improve the hand motor dysfunction of stroke patients.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Influence of grey wolf optimization feature selection on gradient boosting machine learning techniques for accurate detection of liver tumor
Authors: Jawarneh Malik , Arias-Gonzáles José Luis , Gandhmal Dattatray P. , Malik Rami Qays , Rane Kantilal Pitambar , Omarov Batyrkhan , Mahapatra Cosmena , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: June 2023

Malignant growth in liver results in liver tumor. The most common types of liver cancer are primary liver disease and secondary liver disease. Most malignant growths are benign tumors, and the condition they cause, essential liver disease, is the end result. Cancer of the liver is a potentially fatal disease that can only be cured by combining a number of different treatments. Machine learning, feature selection and image processing have the capability to provide a framework for the accurate detection of liver diseases. The processing of images is one of the components that come together to form this group. When utilized for the purpose of reviewing previously recorded visual information, the instrument performs at its highest level of effectiveness. The importance of feature selection on machine learning algorithms for the early and accurate diagnosis of liver tumors is discussed in this article. The input consists of images from a CT scan of the liver. These images are preprocessed by discrete wavelet transform. Discrete wavelet transforms increase resolution by compressing the images. Images are segmented in parts to identify region of interest by K Means algorithm. Features are selected by grey wolf optimization technique. Classification is performed by Gradient boosting, support vector machine and random forest. GWO Gradient boosting is performing better in accurate classification and prediction of liver cancer.
Carotenoid and transcriptome profiles of a novel citrus cultivar ‘Jinlegan’ reveal mechanisms of yellowish fruit formation
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Ji Huiyu , Zhu Shiping , Zhu Kaijie , Ye Junli , Deng Xiuxin
Published: June 2023

Citrus fruit coloration is one of the vital quality traits that is determined primarily by the composition and content of carotenoids. Natural citrus fruit pigment mutants are available to study diverse and complex carotenoid metabolism. Here, ‘Jinlegan’ (MT) tangor is a spontaneous bud mutant derived from ‘Shiranuhi’ (WT) with distinctive bright yellow fruit. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the yellowish MT flavedo and pulp were primarily caused by the decrease in total carotenoid content. The total carotenoid content in MT flavedo was reduced by 75% (79.98 μg/g DW) compared with that in WT (318.40 μg/g DW), including approximately 84%, 80%, and 60% reductions in the contents of β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively. The total carotenoid content in MT pulp was 60% lower (10.09 μg/g DW) than that in WT pulp (26.61 μg/g DW), which was mainly due to a 70% and 30% decrease in the contents of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively. To explore the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid variation in MT, RNA-seq analyses were performed on the flavedo and pulp of WT and MT at five developmental stages. The reduced expression of phytoene synthase (CrPSY) and β-carotenehydroxylase 1 (CrBCH1) in the flavedo and pulp of MT at the breaker stage might be the major cause of the reduction in carotenoids. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further identified 23 key transcription factors that are closely associated with carotenoid accumulation. This study demonstrated a comprehensive picture of the metabolic and transcriptional alterations of a unique yellowish citrus fruit mutant, which provides new insights into the molecular regulation of carotenoid accumulation in citrus fruit.
“Dedicated to Serving the Tourist”: Environmental Management, Economic Crisis, and the Pressures of Adriatic Mass Tourism in Socialist Yugoslavia, 1980–1991
Authors: Djordjevski Josef
Published: June 2023

This article examines how and why mass tourism on the Adriatic coast in the 1980s became such a dominating factor in local societies and environments. As economic crises led to decreased living standards, local municipalities became more dependent on foreign tourism. Also, previous environmental management policies ensured that tourism became entangled with the Adriatic environment, which was heavily transformed by the rapid expansion of tourism.
A multisystem, dimensional interplay of assets versus adversities: Revised benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in the context of childhood maltreatment, threat, and deprivation
Authors: Narayan Angela J. , Merrick Jillian S. , Lane Arianna S. , Larson Matthew D.
Published: June 2023

This study expanded the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale (termed the “BCEs-Original” scale) with 10 new multisystem items and identified a subset of items (termed the “BCEs-Revised” scale) that are systematically less commonly reported across samples. Total BCEs-Revised scores were tested against total BCEs-Original scores and three dimensions of childhood adversity (maltreatment, threat, and deprivation) as predictors of young adulthood mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms). Hypotheses expected stronger inverse associations of BCEs-Revised scores than BCEs-Original scores with all mental health problems. Participants were 1,746 U.S. young adults (M = 26.6 years, SD = 4.7, range = 19–35 years; 55.3% female, 42.4% male, 2.3% gender non-conforming; 67.0% White, 10.3% Asian, 8.6% Black, 8.4% Latine, 5.7% other) who completed a 20-item BCEs scale and well-validated instruments on childhood adversities and mental health problems. Compared to BCEs-Original scores, BCEs-Revised scores were significantly more strongly inversely associated with all mental health outcomes. Compared to childhood threat and deprivation, maltreatment was significantly more strongly associated with PTSD symptoms. After controlling for current depression symptoms, BCEs-Revised scores interacted with maltreatment to predict PTSD symptoms. Maltreatment and BCEs-Revised scores also influenced PTSD symptoms in person-oriented analyses. The BCEs-Revised scale has strong psychometric properties and unique strengths in research and practice. Implications for multisystem resilience are discussed.
Wind Tunnel Experiments on Volcaniclastic Dust Emission and Dispersion Initiated by Water Droplet Impact
Authors: Richards‐Thomas Tamar , McKenna Neuman Cheryl
Published: June 2023

Iceland contains active dust regions within high‐latitude, cold‐climate environments. An abundant supply of particulates <10 μm in diameter (PM10) is available within its extensive glacial outwash plains and through widespread transport and deposition of volcanic ash with hydrophobic tendencies. The climate is notably wetter than dust regions located in hot deserts, so that additional processes governing dust emission must be considered, inclusive of rain splash. Field workers in Iceland report that dust emission events sometimes overlap with precipitation. This study used high‐speed photography in wind tunnel experiments to assess the influence of water droplet impact and wind shear on the detachment and suspension of particulates collected from several active dust source regions within Iceland. Concentrations of PM10 sampled downwind of a single water droplet impact reached values as high as 104 μg m−3 and were positively correlated with increasing wind speed, droplet impact velocity and angle. Our measurements demonstrate that wind shear in a turbulent flow is important for the dispersion of aerosols ejected via water droplet impact from the surface of dry sediment, and that these coincident mechanisms can be highly effective agents of erosion, especially in light winds that are normally incapable of dust entrainment. Foremost, this study provides further evidence of the complexity of dust emission in cold environments and the importance of examining this phenomenon over a wide range of temporal and spatial scale.
Finding Harmony in FAIRness
Authors: Peng Ge
Published: June 2023

The lack of consistency among different approaches for assessing how well digital data objects meet the FAIR principles makes it difficult to compare assessment results across tools and systems.
ANRIL promotes the regulation of colorectal cancer on lymphatic endothelial cells via VEGF-C and is the key target for Pien Tze Huang to inhibit cancer metastasis
Authors: Huang Bin , Lu Yao , Ni Zhuona , Liu Jinhong , He Yanbin , An Honglin , Ye Feimin , Shen Jiayu , Lin Minghe , Chen Yong , Lin Jiumao
Published: June 2023

lncRNA ANRIL is an oncogene, however the role of ANRIL in the regulation of colorectal cancer on human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) is remain elusive. Pien Tze Huang (PZH, PTH) a Tradition Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an adjunctive medication could inhibit the cancer metastasis, however the mechanism still uncovering. We used network pharmacology, subcutaneous and orthotopic transplanted colorectal tumors models to determine the effect of PZH on tumor metastasis. Differential expressions of ANRIL in colorectal cancer cells, and stimulating the regulation of cancer cells on HLECs by culturing HLECs with cancer cells’ supernatants. Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and rescue experiments were carried out to verify key targets of PZH. We found PZH interfered with 32.2% of disease genes and 76.7% of pathways, and inhibited the growth of colorectal tumors, liver metastasis, and the expression of ANRIL. The overexpression of ANRIL promoted the regulation of cancer cells on HLECs, leading to lymphangiogenesis, via upregulated VEGF-C secretion, and alleviated the effect of PZH on inhibiting the regulation of cancer cells on HLECs. Transcriptomic, network pharmacology and rescue experiments show that PI3K/AKT pathway is the most important pathway for PZH to affect tumor metastasis via ANRIL. In conclusion, PZH inhibits the regulation of colorectal cancer on HLECs to alleviate tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastasis by downregulating ANRIL dependent PI3K/AKT/VEGF-C pathway.
TMEM11 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair via METTL1-mediated m7G methylation of ATF5 mRNA
Authors: Chen Xin-Zhe , Li Xin-Min , Xu Shi-Jun , Hu Shen , Wang Tao , Li Rui-Feng , Liu Cui-Yun , Xue Jun-Qiang , Zhou Lu-Yu , Wang Yun-Hong , Li Pei-Feng , Wang Kun
Published: June 2023

The mitochondrial transmembrane (TMEM) protein family has several essential physiological functions. However, its roles in cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration remain unclear. Here, we detected that TMEM11 inhibits cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration in vitro. TMEM11 deletion enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation and restored heart function after myocardial injury. In contrast, TMEM11-overexpression inhibited neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration in mouse hearts. TMEM11 directly interacted with METTL1 and enhanced m7G methylation of Atf5 mRNA, thereby increasing ATF5 expression. A TMEM11-dependent increase in ATF5 promoted the transcription of Inca1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase interacting with cyclin A1, which suppressed cardiomyocyte proliferation. Hence, our findings revealed that TMEM11-mediated m7G methylation is involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, and targeting the TMEM11-METTL1-ATF5-INCA1 axis may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting cardiac repair and regeneration.
Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Mankowitz Daniel J. , Michi Andrea , Zhernov Anton , Gelmi Marco , Selvi Marco , Paduraru Cosmin , Leurent Edouard , Iqbal Shariq , Lespiau Jean-Baptiste , Ahern Alex , Köppe Thomas , Millikin Kevin , Gaffney Stephen , Elster Sophie , Broshear Jackson , Gamble Chris , Milan Kieran , Tung Robert , Hwang Minjae , Cemgil Taylan , Barekatain Mohammadamin , Li Yujia , Mandhane Amol , Hubert Thomas , Schrittwieser Julian , Hassabis Demis , Kohli Pushmeet , Riedmiller Martin , Vinyals Oriol , Silver David
Published: June 2023

Fundamental algorithms such as sorting or hashing are used trillions of times on any given day1. As demand for computation grows, it has become critical for these algorithms to be as performant as possible. Whereas remarkable progress has been achieved in the past2, making further improvements on the efficiency of these routines has proved challenging for both human scientists and computational approaches. Here we show how artificial intelligence can go beyond the current state of the art by discovering hitherto unknown routines. To realize this, we formulated the task of finding a better sorting routine as a single-player game. We then trained a new deep reinforcement learning agent, AlphaDev, to play this game. AlphaDev discovered small sorting algorithms from scratch that outperformed previously known human benchmarks. These algorithms have been integrated into the LLVM standard C++ sort library3. This change to this part of the sort library represents the replacement of a component with an algorithm that has been automatically discovered using reinforcement learning. We also present results in extra domains, showcasing the generality of the approach.
Chiral phonons in quartz probed by X-rays
Authors: Ueda Hiroki , García-Fernández Mirian , Agrestini Stefano , Romao Carl P. , van den Brink Jeroen , Spaldin Nicola A. , Zhou Ke-Jin , Staub Urs
Published: June 2023

The concept of chirality is of great relevance in nature, from chiral molecules such as sugar to parity transformations in particle physics. In condensed matter physics, recent studies have demonstrated chiral fermions and their relevance in emergent phenomena closely related to topology1–3. The experimental verification of chiral phonons (bosons) remains challenging, however, despite their expected strong impact on fundamental physical properties4–6. Here we show experimental proof of chiral phonons using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with circularly polarized X-rays. Using the prototypical chiral material quartz, we demonstrate that circularly polarized X-rays, which are intrinsically chiral, couple to chiral phonons at specific positions in reciprocal space, allowing us to determine the chiral dispersion of the lattice modes. Our experimental proof of chiral phonons demonstrates a new degree of freedom in condensed matter that is both of fundamental importance and opens the door to exploration of new emergent phenomena based on chiral bosons.
A cytosolic surveillance mechanism activates the mitochondrial UPR
Authors: Sutandy F. X. Reymond , Gößner Ines , Tascher Georg , Münch Christian
Published: June 2023

The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is essential to safeguard mitochondria from proteotoxic damage by activating a dedicated transcriptional response in the nucleus to restore proteostasis1,2. Yet, it remains unclear how the information on mitochondria misfolding stress (MMS) is signalled to the nucleus as part of the human UPRmt (refs. 3,4). Here, we show that UPRmt signalling is driven by the release of two individual signals in the cytosol—mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and accumulation of mitochondrial protein precursors in the cytosol (c-mtProt). Combining proteomics and genetic approaches, we identified that MMS causes the release of mtROS into the cytosol. In parallel, MMS leads to mitochondrial protein import defects causing c-mtProt accumulation. Both signals integrate to activate the UPRmt; released mtROS oxidize the cytosolic HSP40 protein DNAJA1, which leads to enhanced recruitment of cytosolic HSP70 to c-mtProt. Consequently, HSP70 releases HSF1, which translocates to the nucleus and activates transcription of UPRmt genes. Together, we identify a highly controlled cytosolic surveillance mechanism that integrates independent mitochondrial stress signals to initiate the UPRmt. These observations reveal a link between mitochondrial and cytosolic proteostasis and provide molecular insight into UPRmt signalling in human cells.
Ultraviolet radiation shapes dendritic cell leukaemia transformation in the skin
Authors: Griffin Gabriel K. , Booth Christopher A. G. , Togami Katsuhiro , Chung Sun Sook , Ssozi Daniel , Verga Julia A. , Bouyssou Juliette M. , Lee Yoke Seng , Shanmugam Vignesh , Hornick Jason L. , LeBoeuf Nicole R. , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Bernstein Bradley E. , Hovestadt Volker , van Galen Peter , Lane Andrew A.
Published: June 2023

Tumours most often arise from progression of precursor clones within a single anatomical niche. In the bone marrow, clonal progenitors can undergo malignant transformation to acute leukaemia, or differentiate into immune cells that contribute to disease pathology in peripheral tissues1–4. Outside the marrow, these clones are potentially exposed to a variety of tissue-specific mutational processes, although the consequences of this are unclear. Here we investigate the development of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)—an unusual form of acute leukaemia that often presents with malignant cells isolated to the skin5. Using tumour phylogenomics and single-cell transcriptomics with genotyping, we find that BPDCN arises from clonal (premalignant) haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. We observe that BPDCN skin tumours first develop at sun-exposed anatomical sites and are distinguished by clonally expanded mutations induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A reconstruction of tumour phylogenies reveals that UV damage can precede the acquisition of alterations associated with malignant transformation, implicating sun exposure of plasmacytoid dendritic cells or committed precursors during BPDCN pathogenesis. Functionally, we find that loss-of-function mutations in Tet2, the most common premalignant alteration in BPDCN, confer resistance to UV-induced cell death in plasmacytoid, but not conventional, dendritic cells, suggesting a context-dependent tumour-suppressive role for TET2. These findings demonstrate how tissue-specific environmental exposures at distant anatomical sites can shape the evolution of premalignant clones to disseminated cancer.
Heritable transcriptional defects from aberrations of nuclear architecture
Authors: Papathanasiou Stamatis , Mynhier Nikos A. , Liu Shiwei , Brunette Gregory , Stokasimov Ema , Jacob Etai , Li Lanting , Comenho Caroline , van Steensel Bas , Buenrostro Jason D. , Zhang Cheng-Zhong , Pellman David
Published: June 2023

Transcriptional heterogeneity due to plasticity of the epigenetic state of chromatin contributes to tumour evolution, metastasis and drug resistance1–3. However, the mechanisms that cause this epigenetic variation are incompletely understood. Here we identify micronuclei and chromosome bridges, aberrations in the nucleus common in cancer4,5, as sources of heritable transcriptional suppression. Using a combination of approaches, including long-term live-cell imaging and same-cell single-cell RNA sequencing (Look-Seq2), we identified reductions in gene expression in chromosomes from micronuclei. With heterogeneous penetrance, these changes in gene expression can be heritable even after the chromosome from the micronucleus has been re-incorporated into a normal daughter cell nucleus. Concomitantly, micronuclear chromosomes acquire aberrant epigenetic chromatin marks. These defects may persist as variably reduced chromatin accessibility and reduced gene expression after clonal expansion from single cells. Persistent transcriptional repression is strongly associated with, and may be explained by, markedly long-lived DNA damage. Epigenetic alterations in transcription may therefore be inherently coupled to chromosomal instability and aberrations in nuclear architecture.