bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of mumps in children in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir
Authors: Bhat Ummer M. , Mir Naseer Yousuf , Farooq Wamiq , Zaman Bashir U. , Malik Mohammad Imran
Published: February 2023

Background Mumps is one of the oldest human illnesses known to humans. Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus, which is a single-strand RNA virus. Mumps is characterized by painful, unilateral, or bilateral swelling of the salivary glands, in particular, the parotid glands.
Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective observational study. All children of age ≤18 years, both males and females with acute onset of unilateral or bilateral tender, self-limited swelling of the parotid or other salivary gland without other apparent cause.
Results: Of the 150 clinically diagnosed mumps cases, 87 (58%) were male and 63 (42%) were female (male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1). There was no case below 1 year but there were 40 cases between 1 and 5 years. The 40% belonged to the lower middle class of socioeconomic status as per Kuppuswamy’s scale, followed by the upper-middle and lower-middle class. Only 15 patients (10%) were completely immunized whereas the immunization status of 8% patients was not known, and the rest of the patients were non immunized (82%). Fever was the most common presentation (150 patients;100%), followed by parotid involvement. Parotitis was present in 146 (97.3%) cases at some point during the illness, 36 patients (24%) had unilateral and 110 patients (73.3%) had bilateral involvement. 16% of patients had multiple salivary gland involvement. Mean duration of illness was 9.0±2 days.
Conclusions: Mumps is a significant public health problem to warrant investment in prevention through vaccination.
A randomised controlled trial on effect of topical anaesthetics on injection pain during immunization in infants of 6 weeks to 6 months of age with pentavac vaccine
Authors: D. K. Sowmiya , R. Ramanathan , R. Ramamoorthy
Published: February 2023

Background: Pain is a both a sensory and an emotional experience when untreated and unrecognized, it extracts a significant physiological, biochemical and psychological toll on both the children and family members. Vaccine injections are considered to be the most common cause of iatrogenic pain in childhood. Positive experience during vaccine injection like reducing injection pain with local anaesthetics can avoid pre procedural anxiety in future, needle phobias, healthcare avoidance behaviors and maintain trust in healthcare providers.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done at immunization clinic of Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital over a period of 2 years.100 infants of age group 6 weeks to 6 months brought for Pentavac (DPT-Hib-Hepatitis B) combination vaccine were taken for study and allocated into control, intervention group (receiving local anaesthetic cream/lidocaine spray) and pain score was compared using modified behavioral pain score (MBPS).
Results: Among the three groups studied, the mean pain scores after vaccine injection were minimum in group A (infants with topical occlusive EMLA cream), followed by group B (infants with topical LA spray), whereas control group of infants who did not receive any local anaesthesia exhibited higher pain scores values.
Conclusions: Our study showing that topical occlusive EMLA cream significantly decreases injection pain in infants has applicability in clinical practice, where it can be routinely used in infants before administering intramuscular vaccine injections in settings where resources are not a constraint.
Clinico-demographic profile of children with neurocysticercosis and risk factors for persistent seizures
Authors: Sangale Deepali , Adhikari Arpita , Gajre Mona
Published: February 2023

Background: Neurocysticercosis is one of the common cause of acquired epilepsy in childhood. The objective of this study was to study the clinic-demographic profile of children having Neurocysticercosis and to evaluate the potential risk factors for persistent seizures.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted after recruiting 30 children with neurocysticercosis. After detailed history and clinical examination, the neuroimaging findings were studied. Patients were started on standard anti-helmenthic and antiepileptic therapy. A regular follow up was taken with regard seizure recurrence. A neuroimaging was repeated at 6 moths follow up.
Results: Among 30 children with neurocysticercosis who presented with first seizure due to neurocysticercosis, focal seizure was the commonest (63.3%) presentation and 23.3% of these presented with status epilepticus. Out of 30 cases, 7 (23.3%) patients had seizure recurrence on follow up. Patients presenting with status epilepticus, neuroimaging showing larger lesions (size more than 10 mm), multiple number of lesions and persistent presence of lesion on the CT scan at a follow up of 6 months were the factors found to have significant positive association with recurrence of seizures on follow up.
Conclusions: There are potential clinical and radiological risk factors which are associated with the recurrence or persistence of seizures in patients with neurocysticercosis.
Serum zinc levels in children aged two months to five years in hospitalized children with pneumonia
Authors: Velladurai Sivasankari , S. Saravanan
Published: February 2023

Background: Pneumonia is the infection of the lung parenchyma which is one the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under five age group. The prime aim of this study is to identify the severity and to supplement the children with factors that reduce the mortality caused by pneumonia, zinc being one of the major factors in the immune defense mechanism in reducing the severity and mortality. Our study estimates the amount of zinc in severe pneumonia child thereby to arrive at a rationale to supplement zinc among Pneumonia children to reduce the course of illness. The core objective of this study is to compare serum zinc level in children with severe pneumonia among different age and sex.
Methods: A prospective case-control study was carried out with 50 cases and 50 controls in age group of 2 months to 5 years admitted in Government Cuddalore Medical College, Chidambaram. The study period ranges from December 2020 to December 2022. The cases are identified as per history thorough clinical examination and radiological evidence based on IMNCI criteria. All the children in both case and control group were subjected to serum-zinc level analysis after obtaining informed consent from the Parents. Zinc level in both groups were compared and analyzed. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version-16 was used as a statistical tool. Ethical clearance has been obtained.
Results: The mean serum zinc level in children admitted with pneumonia is 55.126 and the mean serum zinc level in controlled growth is 78.803. Zinc level is significantly lower in children with pneumonia.
Conclusions: The estimated mean serum zinc levels in pneumonia group children confirms that there is a relative zinc deficiency in children with pneumonia and may play a role in the severity progression. Our study supports the need for zinc supplementation in pneumonia children to boost their immune defense mechanism which in turn reduces the severity and the progression of pneumonia. It tends to curtail the case fatality rate of pneumonia.
Clinical and demographic profile of nephrotic syndrome in a rural tertiary care center
Authors: Tipparthy Sreevarsha , Tanneru Shreya , Thomas Suresh R. J. , Thanda Prasad
Published: February 2023

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a common renal disease in children, associated with high risk of death, most commonly from infections, if not identified and treated promptly. It is a disease that not only affects the physical health but also psychology of the child and that of the family and there is lack of information on nephrotic syndrome in children in a rural setup.
Methods: This hospital based observational study was conducted from September 2020 to December 2021, in department of pediatrics in KIMS, Narketpally. A total of 40 eligible children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome between 3 months to 12 years were taken up for this study. Detailed information of the patient, including thorough history, clinical examination, investigations, response to treatment and complications of the disease were recorded in a pre-designed proforma and the data was analyzed.
Results: It was observed that out of 40 subjects, the most common age group affected was 6-9 years (42.5%), majority of which were male children (72.5%). Most common presenting symptom was edema seen in 100% patients, followed by oliguria in 50%. Most common complication noted was ascites (62.5%) followed by hypertension (42.5%). UTI was observed in 52.5% of cases. 75% of the patients were newly diagnosed and 25% were relapses.
Conclusions: In the present study, clinical and demographic profile of nephrotic syndrome was congruent with nephrotic syndrome in children in other studies. The response to treatment and associated complications did not differ significantly in a rural center when compared to other studies.
Incidence of nasal trauma in nasal continuous positive airway pressure versus heated humidified high flow nasal cannula in neonates, our experience in Government Medical College Srinagar
Authors: Mir Naseer Yousuf , Malik Mohammad Imran
Published: February 2023

Background: The nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) is noninvasive mode of ventilation that decreases the need for mechanical ventilation in neonates. The newer device heated humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) delivers heated (to body temperature, 37 °C) and humidified (near 100% relative humidity) gas at flow rates of more than 1 liter/min through small bi-nasal prongs, that is more physiological.
Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit. The eligible neonates who were put on HHHFNC or nCPAP depending upon the availability of any of these devices at the time of admission. The details regarding complications were recorded from the admission files of these patients from medical record section of the hospital.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in complications like shock, NEC, pulmonary air leak, apnea, PDA, ROP, IVH or PVL for nCPAP or HHHFNC. However, nasal trauma was present in 18 (18%) patients in nCPAP group but in no patient in HHHFNC.
Conclusions: There is no significant differences in complication in nCPAP vs HHHFNC except nasal trauma which is more common in nCPAP.
Study on the effect of severe acute malnutrition on various echocardiographic parameters of the heart
Authors: M. V. Hari Pradhaa , R. Ramanathan
Published: February 2023

Background: Malnutrition is a major cause for morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age in developing countries. According to National family health survey-5 (NFHS-5), stunting has reduced from 38.4% to 35.5%. Wasting has reduced from 21.0% to 19.3% and underweight prevalence has reduced from 35.8% to 32.1%. Acute malnutrition can lead to biochemical changes based on metabolic, hormonal and glucoregulatory mechanisms and can affect various organ systems. This study aims to determine the effect of malnutrition on various cardiac parameters by M mode echocardiography.
Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted in 50 severe acute malnutrition children selected by convenient sampling between 6 months and 5 years of age of Government Cuddalore medical college for a period of 2 years and M mode echocardiography was done to assess various parameters of cardiac wall dimensions and cardiac mass and compared with age/body surface area specific values.
Results: Among SAM children, 74% had decreased end diastolic diameter, 80% had decreased end systolic diameter and 88% had decreased posterior wall dimension. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening was in normal range for all children. 64% had decreased left ventricular mass and 56% had decreased left ventricular mass index.
Conclusions: Dimensions of the heart and cardiac mass was reduced in majority of malnourished children. Systolic function of the heart was relatively preserved as demonstrated by normal ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Thus, echocardiography can serve as a valuable tool in detecting changes in cardiac structure and function in malnourished children.
Electrolyte abnormalities and type of feeding in acute diarrhoea in children upto five years
Authors: S. Prakash , S. Saravanan
Published: February 2023

Background: Children in infancy are protected against diarrhoea by breastfeeding as suggested by many studies. Failure to exclusively breastfeed and early introduction of complementary feeds in children predispose to several diseases especially diarrhoea. This study was mainly aimed at analysing electrolyte abnormalities in children with diarrhoea in relation to their type of feeding.
Methods: Around 100 children under five years of age with acute diarrhoea presenting to paediatrics department were enrolled in the study after meeting the inclusion criteria. The electrolyte abnormalities, glucose level, renal parameters, severity of dehydration and type of feeding of the children were recorded. The incidence of electrolyte abnormalities in diarrhoea in the children and their type of feeding were analysed.
Results: Participants had hyperkalaemia which was 30%, followed by 19% had hyponatremia, 13% had hypokalaemia, 12% had hypernatremia and 1% had hyperchloremia. 38% had no dehydration, 8% had severe dehydration and 54% had some dehydration. 49% of the children followed breast feeding, 16% followed formula feeding, 14% were taken cow’s milk and 21% were followed mixed feeding. There was no statistically significant relationship between electrolyte abnormalities and type of feeding except for hypokalemia.
Conclusions: Except with hypokalaemia, our study did not find a statistically significant relationship between electrolyte abnormalities in diarrhoea in children with type of feeding. But still, need for exclusive breastfeeding, continuation breast feeding more than two years remains protective against acute diarrhoea in children.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia after COVID-19 infection: a coincidence or a second hit
Authors: Agarwal Pallavi , Balkaransingh Pauline , Krishnan Chandra , Smith Erlyn
Published: February 2023

Since the advent of COVID-19 in 2019, the virus has affected all age groups and has a very wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic infection to serious life-threatening complications including multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in children. The virus tends to affect all organ systems including the hematological system. There are many contradictory views on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of hematological malignancies. Some studies have shown an increased incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after COVID-19 infection supporting the Greaves two-hit hypothesis of leukemogenesis, while others have shown a decline in the incidence of ALL postulated to be due to widespread lockdown and decreased exposure to environmental pathogens. We report the cases of three children who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia shortly after the initial diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or COVID related transient erythroblastopenia of childhood.
A case of diazoxide unresponsive congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with missense mutation in ABCC8 gene
Authors: B. S. Nirmala , Handu Kanika , S. Lavanya , Kariyappa Pushpalatha
Published: February 2023

Hypersecretion of insulin by pancreatic ß-cells causes hypoglycemia called congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). It can inhibit brain development in infants. It is associated with mutations in the ABCC8 or KCNJ11 genes encoding for the SUR1 and KIR 6 (subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP channel) a rare genetic disorder. It has an incidence rate of 1 in 50,000 in general populations and 1 in 2000 in areas with a higher rate of consanguinity. Here, we report a case of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with ABCC8 gene mutation in a late preterm female infant who developed late-onset hypoglycemia. The infant developed hypoglycemic seizures on day 3 of life and her metabolic workup revealed hyperinsulinemia. A high glucose infusion rate and enteral feeding could not maintain the infant's serum glucose level. PET scan showed no abnormal somatostatin receptor avid lesion in pancreatic parenchyma. Hence genetic workup was done which showed a missense mutation in the ABCC8 gene which was c.4154C>G/p.Ser1385Cys. Over 9 months of follow-up, the infant is treated with octreotide and diazoxide, hasn't had any hypoglycemic events and has normal growth and psychomotor development for her age.
An unusual presentation of scrub typhus with lateral rectus palsy in a child
Authors: Chiramel Jeslin Joshy , Parimala V. Thirumalesh
Published: February 2023

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile infectious disease prevalent in the “Tsutsugamushi triangle”, is a mite-born rickettsial zoonosis, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Although the clinical presentation is protean, it rarely causes abducens nerve palsy. We report a 13-year-old previously healthy Indian boy who presented with a recent onset right abducens nerve palsy, headache and fever but without the classic dermatological manifestation (“eschar”) of the disease. After exclusion of common infectious and other causes, he was finally diagnosed with scrub typhus associated with an abducens nerve palsy, which responded to doxycycline therapy.
Association of hypodontia to skeletal, dental and soft tissue anomalies- a rare case report
Authors: Jain Shradha , Marwah Nikhil , Nigam Anant Gopal , Gera Divya , Bishnoi Mamta
Published: February 2023

Hypodontia is commonly found dental anomaly but its corelation with skeletal and soft tissue anomaly is rare. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the rare finding of mild case of hypodontia associated with skeletal, dental and soft anomalies.
Early presentation of complete branchial fistula with review of literature
Authors: Arora Shilpi
Published: February 2023

Branchial anomalies are rarely seen in clinical practice. They arise as a result of aberrations of the branchial apparatus during fetal development. Though present since birth, they are usually diagnosed in the first or second decade of life. Second arch anomalies are by far the most common and present as a neck mass or discharging sinus that may be complicated by infection. Clinical examination often reveals the lesion to be related to the junction of the upper two thirds and the lower one third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Branchial fistulas often present as a discharging sinus in the neck. The fistulous tract may extend for a variable distance within the neck. However complete branchial fistula of the second cleft with an internal opening in the tonsillar area and an external opening in the skin is rare. Surgical excision using the step ladder approach was used. No recurrence was seen at one year follow up. The incidence of such lesions presenting within first two years of age is extremely rare. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for branchial anomalies. We present the case of a two-year-old female patient with complete branchial fistula and discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of such lesions, while reviewing the relevant literature.
A case series of mucormycosis, post COVID-19 in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Chillapalli Lakshmi Priyanka , Mohanty Deeganta , Kondareddy Siri Krishna
Published: February 2023

In the 3rd wave of COVID-19 especially in India, an associated angio-invasive opportunistic infection with mucormycosis is emerged. The clinical, imaging and treatment data of 22 patients with mucormycosis was analyzed. Clinical features observed are periorbital swelling, facial pain, swelling of cheek, nasal discharge, dental pain associated with loose tooth. Imaging demonstrated PNS, orbital and intracranial extension in 100%, 55%, 20% patients respectively. All received ampho-B and underwent endoscopic debridement, 20% orbital decompression and 5% maxillectomy. 2 patients died. The association of hyperglycemia and steroid intake warrants judicious use of corticosteroids and optimal glycemic control. Good clinical outcome is achieved by aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal medication with optimal glycemic control.
Myoepithelioma of parotid gland: a case report
Authors: Lemos Ricardo Costa S. , Fonseca Rui
Published: February 2023

Myoepithelioma (ME) is a benign tumor, arising predominantly from major and minor salivary glands (SG). Clinically, it presents as a painless mass with a slow growth. In our case report, this lesion occurred in a 51-year-old man, and presented as a well-defined oval mass on the right parotid region. The magnetic resonance imaging study confirmed the presence of a lesion with benign features that was excised surgically by partial superficial parotidectomy. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of parotid ME. Other SG tumors such as pleomorphic adenoma are differential diagnoses of ME. Complete surgical excision reduces the rate of recurrence.
The impacted oro-pharnygeal fish bone-surgeon’s dilemma
Authors: Munjal Manish , Puri Sandeep , Munjal Shubham , Puri Aneesha , Grewal Harpreet , Talwar Shivam , Chawla Deeksha , Kaur Hardeep , Sandhu Lovleen , Pillai Anjana
Published: February 2023

Pisces are a delicacy on the table of almost every non-vegetarian household. Unfortunately, pharyngeal impaction of fish bones is a frequent emergency in the oto-rhino-laryngological clinics or trauma units of tertiary health care facilities. Sequentially the sites of retention noted are the lymphoid tissue of tonsillar fauces, the coffin corner, the base of the tongue, either valleculae and the pyriform sinuses. Lancinating pain on deglutition with a typical history is diagnostic, therapy necessitating timely intervention to avoid an untoward sequel. It poses a queer situation for the laryngologist whether to go ahead and straightaway attempt to extract the same under local anesthesia or wait for the requisite 6 hrs for administration of general anesthesia. The waiting duration being equally painful and a testing period for the patient and the surgeon alike. The latter is more apprehensive about deeper migration of the bone. The out-patient extraction in a cooperative individual was undertaken with a three-handed modality, adopting an angled viewing telescope and respective instrumentation.
A case of successful yoga prana vidya energy healing treatment of contact dermatitis caused by Holigarna ferruginea Marchand
Authors: Nanduri Venkata Satyanarayana , Nayak Leelavathi
Published: February 2023

Contact dermatitis is a rash or a condition that makes skin red or inflamed with rashes and pain after direct contact with an allergen or an irritant such as soap, cosmetics, fragrances, jewellery and plants. This paper presents a case of Holigarna ferruginea Marchand induced allergic contact dermatitis successfully healed using yoga prana vidya (YPV) healing protocols. This paper uses a case study method collecting patient data before and after healing, and details of YPV intervention applied by trained certified healers for treating this patient. After one day healing, the patient's body temperature became normal. After 2 days of healing, rashes and itching reduced. After further 5 days of healing, the blister on the patient's right hand also completely healed. As an integrated holistic system, the YPV system of healing has been found to be a less expensive modality without the use of any medications and without touching the patient. The successful treatment of contact dermatitis using YPV techniques opens potential avenues for applying these techniques for numerous other skin ailments. Further research is recommended.
Sepsis neonatal tardía causada por SARS-CoV2: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Rebolledo Zamora Alejandra , Sarmiento López Concepción Guadalupe , Guzmán Gutiérrez Jesús Hernán
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, conocida como COVID-19, se presenta principalmente con compromiso respiratorio en adultos. Existen pocos casos documentados en Latinoamérica acerca de COVID-19 en neonatos, en este grupo, las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas y muestran un compromiso respiratorio aproximado de 40%.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal, inicialmente por aspiración de meconio y secuelas de encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica. A los 18 días de vida se le diagnostica COVID-19 de forma intrahospitalaria, tras haber cursado con fiebre y signos clínicos compatibles con sepsis neonatal.CONCLUSIONES: El propósito de este reporte es contribuir a la descripción de esta enfermedad en los neonatos y resaltar la necesidad de contemplar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 como diagnóstico diferencial en la sepsis neonatal, incluso en el contexto intrahospitalario, y así lograr una detección y contención oportuna de la enfermedad.
Dermatosis en el área del pañal sin respuesta a tratamiento convencional. ¿Sospecha de abuso sexual?
Authors: Dávalos Tanaka Mónica , Venegas Andrade Andrea , Velasco Hidalgo Liliana , Ramírez Ristori Alfonso Gilberto , Durán McKinster Carola
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las dermatosis en el área del pañal son frecuentes en los lactantes. Las entidades pueden ser de origen inflamatorio, infeccioso, metabólico, autoinmune, tumoral, traumático o por abuso sexual. El reconocimiento de estas entidades por el médico de primer contacto es fundamental para el diagnóstico correcto.

CASO CLÍNICO: Lactante de sexo femenino de 14 meses de edad, quién presentaba una dermatosis en el área del pañal desde los 9 meses de edad, tratada con múltiples medicamentos, sin presentar mejoría. Fue referida a nuestro servicio por probable abuso sexual con sospecha de agresor intradomiciliario, pues presentaba una dermatosis en región de la vulva y perianal constituida por úlceras eritematosas de formas irregulares, mal definidas y friables. Así mismo, presentaba fisuras en pliegues axilares e inguinales, adenomegalias y petequias. Nuestro diagnóstico presuntivo fue Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans y se corroboró por biopsia de piel, estudios de laboratorio e imagen, descartando el abuso sexual. Recibió esteroide y vinblastina de acuerdo al tratamiento establecido por la Sociedad del Histiocito, con resultados favorables.

CONCLUSIÓN: La Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans con involucro cutáneo afecta comúnmente el área del pañal. Aquellas lesiones ulceradas y progresivas que no respondan a tratamientos convencionales deben ser estudiadas para descartar otras patologías. El abuso sexual es un diagnóstico que debe fundamentarse antes de iniciar una acción legal, ya que provoca daños en la familia.
Anemia de Fanconi, Parte 2. Estrategia metodológica para el diagnóstico molecular en pacientes con anemia de Fanconi
Authors: Torres Leda , Juárez Ulises , Reyes Pedro , Frías Sara
Published: February 2023

La anemia de Fanconi es una enfermedad rara, se presenta en 1-5/millon de nacidos vivos. Los pacientes presentan a nivel celular inestabilidad cromosómica, que es la base para su diagnóstico y aunque clínicamente son heterogéneos, hay tres características generales: alteraciones del desarrollo físico, pancitopenia y alto riesgo a desarrollar cáncer. Presenta heterogeneidad genética, ya que se origina por variantes patogénicas en alguno de los 22 genes de la vía FA/BRCA, 20 de estos genes se heredan de manera autosómica recesiva, uno autosómica dominante y uno ligada al X. Debido a esta heterogeneidad, el diagnóstico molecular es complicado, por lo que se necesita una estrategia con varias metodologías. El primer abordaje es la detección de deleciones largas con el ensayo de amplificación de sondas dependiente de ligandos múltiples (MLPA) en los genes FANCA, FANCD2, FANCN/PALB2 y FANCB. Los casos no resueltos por  MLPA se canalizan a secuenciación de nueva generación, ya sea por panel dirigido (16 genes FANC), o por secuenciación del exoma completo, finalmente si todavía tenemos pacientes sin genotipo realizamos microarreglos de alta resolución, que constan de sondas a lo largo del genoma para detectar polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido y variaciones en el número de copias, para la búsqueda de grandes deleciones o duplicaciones en los genes FANC, así como para la detección de regiones con homocigosidad, con el propósito de encontrar alelos homocigotos. En este artículo, presentamos la estrategia detallada para realizar la genotipificación de los pacientes AF mexicanos, con un porcentaje de éxito del 80%.
Influência de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) na produtividade de pimenta malagueta, no semiárido Moçambicano
Authors: Fazenda Lucidio Henriques Vote
Published: February 2023

O levantamento das espécies de moscas-das-frutas, especialmente as da família Tephritidae, na cultura de pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) é importante para melhor compreensão no monitoramento e controle desses grupos de insetos, dada sua importância econômica para a produção de pimenta malagueta. As moscas-das-frutas são responsáveis por grandes perdas em fruteiras comerciais, por isso, é fundamental conhecer as espécies predominantes na região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) no cultivo de pimenta malagueta, no semiárido Moçambicano. Realizou-se uma seleção dos frutos maduros infestados (com larvas e/ou com sintomas de ataque de moscas-das-frutas) de forma sistemática. Foi recolhido um fruto em cada planta, tendo como alvos frutos danificados e não danificados. Foi necessário a distribuição de armadilhas na área e subsequente recolhimento das moscas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que no monitoramento com armadilhas ocorreu predominância de gênero Dacus em relação ao gênero Ceratitis. Os picos populacionais de cada safras (2013 e 2014), ocorrem no segundo semestre em meses de maturação dos frutos em todos os gêneros. Registra-se em condições da fazenda, a ocorrência de espécies como: Celidodacus sp., Ceratitis capitata, C. cosyra, C. millicentae, C. rosa, Dacus sp., Dacus bivittatus, D. famona, D. hamatus, D. humeralis, D. punctatifrons. Concluiu-se que o ataque de moscas-das-frutas influenciou de forma significativa na produtividade, causando danos econômicos, sendo necessário um controle redobrado. O uso sequencial das iscas ao longo do tempo, aumenta o número de populações capturadas com registro dos gêneros Ceratitis e Dacus. O uso de armadilhas não foi eficiente no controle moscas-das-frutas nas áreas de produção.
Producción de lechuga y alelí de corte en monocultivo y consociados bajo condiciones de fertilización orgánica
Authors: Milicia Víctor José , López Cristian Javier , Pezzi Javier Ítalo , Montiel Karina Alejandra , Rodríguez María Fabiana , Lovisolo Marcelo Ramón
Published: February 2023

Los objetivos del trabajo fueron evaluar el efecto de dos tipos de fertilizante sobre los rendimientos biológicos y económicos de lechuga y sobre la calidad de vara en alelí y establecer la Relación Equivalente Tierra Total de los monocultivos y policultivos de lechuga y alelí para flor de corte, respectivamente. Para ello se realizó un diseño factorial con dos factores: Sistema con tres niveles de plantación: monocultivo de lechuga, monocultivo de alelí y policultivo de ambas especies y tipo de fertilizante con tres niveles: cama de pollo parrillero compostada, fertilizante químico granulado y testigo. Las variables evaluadas no mostraron interacción entre los sistemas de plantación y el tipo de fertilizante, por lo que el efecto de los factores sobre las variables pudieron ser evaluados independientemente. En lechuga con cama de pollo compostada el rendimiento económico fue de 5,70 kg.m-2 y el rendimiento biológico de 0,218 kg.m-2, significativamente mayores a los tratamientos con fertilizante inorgánico (4,55 kg.m-2 - 0,206 kg.m-2) y al testigo (2,94 kg.m-2 - 0,164 kg.m-2). Similares resultados se hallaron en la asociación de cultivos. En alelí, la incorporación al suelo de la cama de pollo permitió obtener varas florales 30,8% y 20,4% más largas que el testigo y que el fertilizante químico respectivamente. En todos los casos la relación Equivalente Tierra Total -RETT- fue mayor a 1, que indica una ventaja del policultivo con relación al monocultivo. La fertilización inorgánica tuvo una RETT de 1.21, superior al resto de los tratamientos.
Influence of native pasture management in southern Brazil on dry mass production and forage protein content
Authors: Proner Junior Luigildo , Bittencourt Henrique von Hertwig , Dias Juliano Cesar , Silveira André Luís Finkler da , Bonome Lisandro Tomas da Silva
Published: February 2023

Grasslands in southern Brazil have inherent characteristics favorable to forage production for domestic herbivores, which can be impaired or enhanced by management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of management on plant characteristics, comparing commonly used techniques. The experimental design was bifactorial, the first factor consisting of four managements: burning, oversowing with annual winter forages, mowing and absence of interference, and the second factor was the time elapsed between management and evaluation. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The LAI (leaf area index), dry mass production and crude protein content of the pasture were evaluated. Pasture management with oversowing showed higher LAI growth rate, as well as higher pasture dry mass production than the other treatments. There was no effect of the different managements on the crude protein content of the pasture, but of the time, with the highest value on the 53rd day. The results suggest that the adoption of management with oversowing of annual winter forages should be emphasized for the productive improvement of native grasslands in southern Brazil.
Students’ innovativeness and higher education for sustainable development: A bibliometric approach
Authors: Li Xiang , Pu Ruihui
Published: February 2023

Innovativeness plays a decisive role in the progress of society, the sustainable development of nations, and the success of individuals in the era of information technology and knowledge economy, especially because the world is now confronted with major challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation, social inequality and resource exhaustion that have no ready solutions. As cradles for talent, higher education institutions attach great importance to promoting the innovative capabilities of their students. This study aims to introduce the existing studies on students’ innovativeness in institutions of higher learning for sustainable development. This study applies a bibliometric analysis by conducting collaboration, co-citation, co-reference, and co-occurrence analysis on university students’ innovativeness toward sustainable development. A total of 1,531 academic publications have been collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2011 to 2021 and further analyzed. The major researchers and publications, productive countries or regions, collaborative institutions, research hotspots, and trends related to the innovativeness of college students are identified in this study. By adopting Co-occurrence (COOC) and VOSviewer to analyze and visualize the data, this research reveals that college students’ innovation capability continues to be an emerging research issue. Training, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial intention are identified as the gaps for further studies. The results of this study suggest that academia in higher education institutions and government agencies are strongly encouraged to enhance the innovativeness of college students to tackle the unsustainable issues haunting society today.
Finite element simulations of auxetic structure combined with honeycomb using unidirectional continuous carbon fiber composite properties
Authors: Paixão Nathália Mello Mascarenhas , Ávila Antônio Ferreira
Published: February 2023

Metamaterials have been studied over the last few decades, as they may exhibit peculiar mechanical behavior. An example is the re-entrant auxetic structure, which can display negative Poisson ratio. Likewise, the honeycomb structure has also been widely used, mainly in sandwich-panels. Despite several studies including these geometries, the use of composite as raw material has not been reported in the literature, so this work aimed to perform finite element simulations of combined honeycomb and re-entrant auxetic structures using properties of continuous, unidirectional carbon fiber composite in epoxy matrix. For this, three types of modeling were used: beam, shell and solid and two sets of constraints were applied for each model. By analyzing the total deformation profiles obtained for these three models, it was possible to observe that both beam and shell modeling results were close to the three-dimensional modeling when applying a vertical compression displacement, in which beam modeling showed a better approximation. On the other hand, when applying the compression displacement horizontally, the beam modeling proved to be inadequate, while the shell modeling presented values close to the solid modeling. Therefore, it is concluded that it is possible to model similar structures using shell element instead of solid element.
Smallholder farmers’ willingness to adopt, cultivate and consume provitamin A biofortified maize in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa
Authors:   Stellenbosch University, Zuma MK , Kolanis U ,   University of Zululand, Modi A ,   University of KwaZulu- Natal, Mbhenyane X
Published: February 2023

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is one of the significant hidden hunger challenges in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and children are the most vulnerable group. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to reduce this deficiency. Provitamin A biofortified maize (PVABM) has the potential to reduce VAD for the vulnerable groups of SSA. The study investigated the possibility of incorporating provitamin A biofortified maize into smallholder farming systems and assessed the acceptability of typical PVABM meals for household consumption. Using a quantitative approach, a cross-sectional study design was conducted in Bulwer local municipality of Sisonke district and Mhlathuze local municipality of uThungulu district, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A total of 233 smallholder farmers were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The sensory evaluation was done with 72 smallholder farmers assessing the sensory attributes of typical meals such as steamed mealies (ifutho) and crumbled maize meal (uphuthu) produced by PVABM and common maize. Knowledge about PVABM and the average household income highly influenced (p < 0.05) the farmers’ likeliness to accept and incorporate PVABM into their farming systems. About 82% (Bulwer) and 83% (Mhlathuze) of farmers from the areas were willing to incorporate PVABM in their farming systems, and they had positive perceptions about the success of the varieties in their systems. Farmers already growing yellow maize were more willing to integrate PVABM. Sensory evaluation showed that PVABM foods (uphuthu and ifutho) were accepted for consumption and the farmers expressed the willingness to consume PVABM in their diets for nutrient improvement. The response showed that the taste of ifutho was acceptable for both PVABM (52.8%) and white maize (52.8%). The colour of PVABM ifutho was acceptable (50%) and white maize (44.4%), and the aroma was good for PVABM (58.3%) and very good for white maize (44.4%). Overall, both maize sensory attributes were rated as acceptable. The study indicated that farmers could accept PVABM into farming systems and it can be consumed at the household level. Key words: Sensory evaluation, vitamin A deficiency, biofortification, Bulwer, Mhlathuze, malnutrition, micronutrient
Comparative evaluation of the effects of pretreatments on the nutritional and chemical properties of ginger leaf-based herbal tea
Authors:   National Horticultural Research Institute, Aderibigbe OR , Kareem OF , Akinwumi SG
Published: February 2023

There is increasing awareness and acceptance of herbal teas because of their contribution to nutrition and health. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale) leaves as tea in some communities has been reported. While many research efforts have focused on ginger rhizomes, there is a limited report on ginger leaves’ nutritional, antioxidant properties and also what effect application of different heat pretreatments will have on the final product. The present study sought to develop a ginger leaf-based herbal tea and examine the effects of postharvest pretreatments such as steam blanching before drying, hot water blanching before drying and directly drying on the nutritional and chemical properties of the tea. Fresh green leaves were sorted, washed and drained. A batch of the leaves was evenly steam blanched at 1000C for 5 minutes before drying, another set was dipped in boiling water at 1000C for 3 minutes and the last batch was dried directly at 550C under standard conditions. The dried leaves were milled, packed in tea bags and a sample each was evaluated for its proximate, mineral, vitamin C, phytochemicals and antioxidant properties following standard procedures. The results showed that steam blanching significantly (p<0.05) increased the protein, fat, sodium, potassium, saponin and the antioxidant potential (ferric reducing antioxidant power) compared to those that were hot water-blanched before drying and those dried directly. However, vitamin C, tannin, phytate, oxalate and zinc contents decreased significantly when compared with the fresh leaves. The free radical scavenging activity examined using DPPH activity, phenols and flavonoids did not vary significantly between the steam blanched and fresh leaves. These findings showed that steam blanching of ginger leaves before drying for consumption as a functional beverage is beneficial in terms of nutrient and antinutrient properties compared to hot water blanching before drying and direct drying. Therefore, this method of processing could be adapted for improved nutrition. Key words: Tea, pretreatments, steam blanching, ginger leaves, nutritional, antioxidant potential
Do farmers’ production and consumer utilization of sweet potato match? A case of the role of extension in Homabay and Kisumu counties, Kenya
Authors:   Egerton University, Omondi IA , Maina SW , Moyo M ,   International Potato Center (CIP), Muzhingi T
Published: February 2023

The concept of extension services has changed over time with technology playing a key role, more emphasis is being placed on expanding the skills and knowledge of farmers in achieving food security and creating more proficient food products that meet consumer demand. Farmers and consumers utilize sweet potato in different ways, including boiling, steaming, roasting and frying the fresh roots. However, it remains unknown whether what is produced by farmers align to what is demanded by consumers and the role of extension in bridging the demand-supply gaps if it exists. Thus, the study assessed the role of extension in promoting sweet potato product utilization among farmers and consumers in Homabay and Kisumu County of Kenya. Mixed sampling procedures were applied to select 120 respondents who participated in the study: 52 farmers and 68 consumers of sweet potato. Data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire were cross-tabulated and responses subjected to independent samples t-test and chi-square test of significance. The results revealed SPK 004 and SPK 20 as the most planted and consumed varieties. There were significant differences in sweet potato trait preference between farmers and consumer. While significantly higher percentage (73%) of farmers considered colour when selecting varieties to produce for domestic sale and domestic consumption, equal percentage (43%) of consumers preferred colour and taste. Raw sweet potato was the most produced and bought sweet potato product for consumption with no significant differences by respondent type and county. Salient find of the study was that extension mediated sweet potato products produced, marketed, and consumed by farmers and consumers. Sweet potato products demanded by consumer matched products that were produced, sold, and consumed by farmers. Therefore, extensionist should be strengthened to effectively promote and dissemination sweet potato varieties and products with desirable traits both to farmers and consumers. Key words: Sweet potato products, Extension role, Utilization, Consumer, Farmer, Value-added- products
Biznes, kryzys, etyka. Zło gospodarcze jako przedmiot nazywania
Authors: Rotengruber Przemysław
Published: February 2023

Facing the economic crisis (began in 2007) managers and political leaders pay more attention to the postulate of socially responsible
business. The axiological turn gives new possibilities to implement ethical standards in the sphere of economy. Alas, at the same time, this
task evokes the following problems. Firstly, as social researchers, we need to know how to compose heterogeneous axiological systems
(to join rules of ethics with the imperative of economic efficiency). Secondly, as market participants, we have to find the formula of mutual
understanding (being seen as precondition of our ethical claims).
Moralność i religia a rozwój kapitalizmu w ujęciu Deepaka Lala
Authors: Matera Paulina , Matera Rafał
Published: February 2023

The economist Deepak Lal researches the influence of morality and religion on the shaping of capitalism in different civilizations.
His thought was confronted with the remarks of other institutionalists. Lal tries to find out what was the influence of the cost of transactions
and the religious beliefs on the evolution of capitalism in chosen countries and regions.
Lal claims that materialistic beliefs of agricultural civilizations had not played the key role in the economic growth. The reforms in the
Church in the Middle Ages allowed to spread of the instinct of exchange and production of homo oeconomicus. As a result the individualism
started to dominate over collectivism. Lal tries to prove that the individualism was not the basis of the Christian faith. The following virtues
as: diligence, discipline, frugality, self-help, self-control have had secular origin and nowadays they are more common in India and China
than in the West.
The Asian civilizations face the dilemma during the economic expansion of the West. They had to choose the path of their
development. China and India followed Japan and they modernized without westernization. They tried to find middle course between
the tradition and the modernity. We tried to emphasize in the article, that none of the religions have determined the economic fate
of the countries. Rather, the morality of the societies and the decision-makers’ beliefs had an influence on economic development.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Bustamante Vélez Blanca Lucía
Published: February 2023

En 2021, Cuadernos de Lingüística Hispánica asume la modalidad virtual y se declara publicación continua mediante aprobación del Comité Curricular del área de Lenguaje de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (acta n.° 3 del 11 de marzo). No obstante, el Comité recomienda la publicación impresa de manera eventual para conmemorar algún sucesorelevante.