bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operando analysis of electronic band structure in an all-solid-state thin-film battery
Authors: Hikima Kazuhiro , Shimizu Keisuke , Kiuchi Hisao , Hinuma Yoyo , Suzuki Kota , Hirayama Masaaki , Matsubara Eiichiro , Kanno Ryoji
Published: April 2022

Material characterization that informs research and development of batteries is generally based on well-established ex situ and in situ experimental methods that do not consider the band structure. This is because experimental extraction of structural information for liquid-electrolyte batteries is extremely challenging. However, this hole in the available experimental data negatively affects the development of new battery systems. Herein, we determined the entire band structure of a model thin-film solid-state battery with respect to an absolute potential using operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy by treating the battery as a semiconductor device. We confirmed drastic changes in the band structure during charging, such as interfacial band bending, and determined the electrolyte potential window and overpotential location at high voltage. This enabled us to identify possible interfacial side reactions, for example, the formation of the decomposition layer and the space charge layer. Notably, this information can only be obtained by evaluating the battery band structure during operation. The obtained insights deepen our understanding of battery reactions and provide a novel protocol for battery design.
Hazard assessment of ingested polystyrene nanoplastics in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Alaraby Mohamed , Abass Doaa , Domenech Josefa , Hernández Alba , Marcos Ricard
Published: April 2022

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs) are intentionally produced for commercial uses (primary MNPLs) or are formed from environmentally aged plastics (secondary MNPLs).
An imidazole functionalized porous organic polymer for the highly efficient extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Zeng Kai , Wang Changfu , Wei Peng , Zhao Xiaohong , Wu Faming , Liu Zhirong
Published: April 2022

Solvothermal polymerization of a porous polymer functionalized with a high concentration of imidazole groups and its application in the efficient extraction of uranium from water.
Synthesis of an advanced metal-guided photochromic system for molecular keypad lock: detailed experimental findings and theoretical understanding
Authors: Bar Nandagopal , Chowdhury Pranesh , Biswas Debrupa , Ray Arindam , Das Gourab Kanti
Published: April 2022

The dye-containing Schiff base metal complex is a new member of the photochromic family with advantages, such as long-wavelength absorption, high molar absorption coefficient, quick-photoresponse, and excellent fatigue resistance.
Metal-/solvent-free oxidative [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] annulation of 2-ethynylbenzaldehydes with arylalkenes: facile synthesis of benzo[a]fluoren-5-ones
Authors: Wang Cheng-Yong , Yu Jiang-Xi , Liu Bang , Zhang Fu-Xing , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Hu Qin-Yu , Xu Zhi-Feng , Li Jin-Heng
Published: April 2022

DTBP-mediated oxidative [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] annulation between 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes and arylalkenes toward benzo[a]fluoren-5-ones under metal-/solvent-free conditions is presented.
Na-β-Al2O3 stabilized Fe2O3 oxygen carriers for chemical looping water splitting: correlating structure with redox stability
Authors: Yüzbasi Nur Sena , Armutlulu Andac , Huthwelker Thomas , Abdala Paula M. , Müller Christoph R.
Published: April 2022

Development of oxygen carriers for a chemical looping water splitting scheme: the Na-β-Al2O3 phase stabilizes Fe2O3–Fe redox cycles by preventing the formation of inactive FeAl2O4 yielding a high and stable H2 production.
Optimized carrier extraction at interfaces for 23.6% efficient tin–lead perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hu Shuaifeng , Otsuka Kento , Murdey Richard , Nakamura Tomoya , Truong Minh Anh , Yamada Takumi , Handa Taketo , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Nakano Kyohei , Sato Atsushi , Marumoto Kazuhiro , Tajima Keisuke , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Wakamiya Atsushi
Published: April 2022

This work provides an efficient way to facilitate both electron and hole extraction in the designated interfaces of perovskite solar cells. A record power conversion efficiency of 23.6% for mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cell devices is realized.
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of boronic acid pinacol ester (Bpin)-containing acetophenones
Authors: Zheng Ye , Wills Martin
Published: April 2022

para- ormeta-Bpin-containing acetophenone derivatives were reduced by asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH), using Noyori–Ikariya catalysts, with formic acid/triethylamine, to alcohols in high enantiomeric excess.
A biomimetic metal–organic framework with cuboid inner cavities for enantioselective separation
Authors: Zhu Chengfeng , Zhang A-Mei , Li Ying , Li Han-Xue , Qian Yijian , Fu Yanming , Wu Xiang , Li Yougui
Published: April 2022

A biomimetic metal–organic framework with cuboid inner cavities and multiple recognition sites was constructed from a phenylalanine-derived ligand. It can enantioselectively separate various racemic alcohols, diols and epoxides with ee up to 99.5%.
Achieving ultra-dispersed 1T-Co-MoS2@HMCS via space-confined engineering for highly efficient hydrogen evolution in the universal pH range
Authors: Yue Changle , Zhou Yan , Liu Yang , Feng Chao , Bao Wenjing , Sun Fengyue , Tuo Yongxiao , Pan Yuan , Liu Yunqi , Lu Yukun
Published: April 2022

A multi-level spatial confinement strategy is proposed for the fabrication of ultra-dispersed 1T-Co-MoS2 nanoclusters, which exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activity and durability for HER.
Kinetic separation of C2H6/C2H4 in a cage-interconnected metal–organic framework: an interaction-screening mechanism
Authors: Xie Mo , Lu Zhou , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: April 2022

Multi-scale simulations were carried out on a cage-interconnected metal-organic framework (JNU-2), revealing a rarely observed interaction-screening mechanism that corroborates its large C2H6/C2H4 adsorption selectivity.
Self-assembly induced tunable multiple fluorescence output from a white light-emitting functionalized single π-conjugated molecule and implication in VOC sensing applications
Authors: Rana Priya , Marappan Gobinath , Sivagnanam Subramaniyam , Surya Velappa Jayaraman , Sivalingam Yuvaraj , Das Priyadip
Published: April 2022

Two newly synthesized π-conjugated molecules L1 and L2 self-assemble into various superstructures with tunable multiple luminescent colours, exhibiting promising potential to develop simple and efficient VOC sensors.
The electrochemically selective C3-thiolation of quinolines
Authors: Wang Dahan , Zhang Li , Xiao Fuhong , Mao Guojiang , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: April 2022

We have developed an electrochemical method for achieving the C3-thiolation of quinoline compounds. Highlights of this new strategy include maximum atom economy, direct conversion, and the use of simple and readily available starting materials.
UV-selective organic absorbers for the cosensitization of greenhouse-integrated dye-sensitized solar cells: synthesis and computational study
Authors: Alnoman Rua B. , Nabil Eman , Parveen Shazia , Hagar Mohamed , Zakaria Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Molecular cosensitization is favorable for manipulating solar radiation through the judicious choice of cosensitizers having complementary absorption spectra.
Potential energy barrier for proton transfer in compressed benzoic acid
Authors: Kurzydłowski Dominik
Published: April 2022

Pressure-induced shortening of O⋯O contacts within the dimers of solid benzoic acid leads to a decrease in the PT barrier and subsequent symmetrization of the hydrogen bond (an effect obtained only after taking into account the ZPE correction).
StarPEG–heparin biosensors for rapid and portable diagnostics in complex biofluids
Authors: Thiele Tim , Ibarlucea Bergoi , Akbar Teuku Fawzul , Werner Carsten , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate impedance chips modified with starPEG–heparin hydrogels as hemocompatible portable biosensors in portable format.
Supramolecular polymer gels: from construction methods to functionality
Authors: Huang Xiaohui , Li Riqiang , Duan Zhaozhao , Xu Fenfen , Li Hui
Published: April 2022

Supramolecular polymer gels (SPGs) are precisely designed gels. In this review, we summarize the research endeavours of SPGs depending on the construction methods, topological structures, stimuli-responsiveness, and functionality.
Hierarchical pipe cactus-like Ni/NiCo-LDH core–shell nanotube networks as a self-supported battery-type electrode for supercapacitors with high volumetric energy density
Authors: Amin Khaled M. , Krois Konrad , Muench Falk , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: April 2022

An ultrathin 3D NiCo-LDH@Ni-NTNW electrode for supercapacitors demonstrates an ultrahigh volumetric capacity and excellent cycling stability. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor delivers a record-high volumetric energy density of 14.7 mWh cm−3.
Progress and performance of energetic materials: open dataset, tool, and implications for synthesis
Authors: Muravyev Nikita V. , Wozniak Dominique R. , Piercey Davin G.
Published: April 2022

The abundant dataset of detonation parameters for energetic materials is reported, empirical and thermodynamic calculation methods are benchmarked, and implications for design of novel promising compounds provided.
A lipidic mesophase with tunable release properties for the local delivery of macromolecules: the apoferritin nanocage, a case study
Authors: Elzenaty Oumar , Luciani Paola , Aleandri Simone
Published: April 2022

Stable ultra-swollen lipidic cubic phase gels allow to administer locally biomacromolecules in those diseases easily reachable by a local application such as rectal or vaginal cancer.
Advances in colloidal quantum dot-based photodetectors
Authors: Guo Ruiqi , Zhang Mengqi , Ding Jiaqi , Liu Aqiang , Huang Fei , Sheng Minqi
Published: April 2022

In this review, the development history, evaluation indexes, structure-types, applications and development trends of quantum dot-based photodetectors are summarized.
S-shaped dependence of the sound pressure level in outdoor propagation on the effective sound speed gradient
Authors: Hohenwarter Dieter , Mursch-Radlgruber Erich , Kirisits Christian
Published: April 2022

The effective sound speed gradient is used to describe the meteorological conditions during sound measurements at roads and railways. Meteorological parameters were assessed up to a height of 10 m. The sound level differences between a reference point close to the passing vehicles and at distances of 100–500 m from motorways and railway tracks were determined. These differences were found to correlate well with the effective sound speed gradient determined from the measured temperature and wind speed gradients which follow the day/night cycle as a result of the reversing air temperature gradient, incoming solar radiation and wind conditions. The correlation with sound level differences can be approximated by an S-shaped function which is constant for large positive or negative gradients of the effective sound speed. These threshold values are a consequence of the local meteorological and attenuation conditions. The analysis shows that large effective sound speed gradients are mainly a result of the wind conditions whereas gradients without a substantial wind speed contribution are low and a result of the temperature gradient. In the distance range between 150 m and 250 m, the meteorological influences cause a level increase of 3–4 dB(A) for downward refracted sound rays (favourable sound propagation) compared to a situation without meteorological influence (effective sound speed gradient of zero). In the same distance range, meteorological conditions cause a maximum sound level attenuation of 5–10 dB(A) for upward curved sound rays (unfavourable sound propagation).
Bayesian Sequential Composite Hypothesis Testing in Discrete Time
Authors: Ekström Erik , Wang Yuqiong
Published: April 2022

We study the sequential testing problem of two alternative hypotheses regarding an unknown parameter in an exponential family when observations are costly. In a Bayesian setting, the problem can be embedded in a Markovian framework. Using the conditional probability of one of the hypotheses as the underlying spatial variable, we show that the cost function is concave and that the posterior distribution becomes more concentrated as time goes on. Moreover, we study time monotonicity of the value function. For a large class of model specifications, the cost function is non-decreasing in time, and the optimal stopping boundaries are thus monotone.
Struktur- und Qualitätsempfehlungen zur invasiven Behandlung der extrakraniellen Karotisstenose
Authors: Storck Martin
Published: April 2022

Die Versorgungsqualität bei Eingriffen an der extrakraniellen A. carotis wird von der
Expertise des Operateurs, indirekt somit auch von Mindestmengen und außerdem von
Strukturmerkmalen der behandelnden Einrichtungen beeinflusst. In einer kurzen Übersicht werden
aktuelle Analysen aus dem Bereich der Versorgungsforschung sowie die aktuellen
Leitlinien-Empfehlungen dargelegt. Die Mindestmenge von 20 Eingriffen pro Jahr bei Operationen
(CEA) und 10 Eingriffen bei Stentangioplastien (CAS) sollte nach derzeitiger Empfehlung nicht
unterschritten werden. Eine 24-Stunden-Verfügbarkeit von Fachärzten sowie der
Bildgebungsverfahren (CT, MRA) wird empfohlen, optimalerweise auch eine organisierte enge
Kooperation mit Neuro-Interventionalisten sowie einer Stroke Unit.
Renale Denervation – Phoenix aus der Asche
Authors: Weil Joachim
Published: April 2022

Die arterielle Hypertonie ist eine häufige und meistens unzureichend behandelte Erkrankung, die für eine Vielzahl von kardiovaskulären Komplikationen verantwortlich ist. Aufgrund der
schlechten Therapieadhärenz resultieren Lebensstiländerungen und die medikamentöse Dauertherapie häufig nicht in einer ausreichenden Blutdrucksenkung. Die renale Denervation (RDN) hat damit
das Potenzial, die bisherigen Strategien zur Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie sinnvoll zu ergänzen. Unlängst haben mehrere randomisierte, unabhängige Studien das biologische Konzept der
RDN eindeutig nachgewiesen. Dabei entspricht die erreichte Blutdrucksenkung im Mittel etwa dem eines Antihypertonikums. Unabhängig von der Therapietreue des Patienten ist die Wirkung
anhaltend. Weitere klinische Untersuchung werden derzeit durchgeführt, um die bisherigen Ergebnisse zu festigen und bislang ungeklärte Fragen zu beantworten.
Die polyvaskuläre Erkrankung – eine Übersicht über die Datenlage und Managementstrategien
Authors: Linden Fabian , Frey Norbert , Erbel Christian
Published: April 2022

Als die polyvaskuläre Erkrankung (PVE) wird eine relevante Atherosklerose in 2 oder mehr
Gefäßregionen bezeichnet. Die möglichen Gefäßregionen sind die Koronarien, zerebrovaskuläre
und periphere Gefäße, welche häufig gleichzeitig betroffen sind. Dieses Patientenkollektiv hat
ein relevant erhöhtes Risiko für zukünftige kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse und Letalität und
sollte eine intensive Primär- und Sekundärprävention erhalten. Neue individuelle
Therapiestrategien beinhalten intensivierte antithrombotische und lipidsenkende Maßnahmen und
die optimale Einstellung eines Diabetes mellitus. Zur interventionellen Versorgung bei häufig
hohem OP-Risiko steht ein breites Spektrum in allen Gefäßgebieten zur Verfügung.
Update: Antikoagulationstherapie bei tumorassoziierter venöser Thromboembolie
Authors: Riess Hanno
Published: April 2022

Bei Tumorpatienten sind symptomatische und sogenannte inzidentelle tiefe
Venenthrombosen und Lungenembolien häufig. Es wird eine prolongierte, regelhaft über 3
Monate hinausgehende Antikoagulation empfohlen, wobei die therapiebedingte Zunahme eines
bei Malignompatienten vorbestehend erhöhten Blutungsrisikos besonderer Berücksichtigung
bedarf. Zusätzlich zu der bisher empfohlenen parenteralen Gabe niedermolekularer
Heparine von Tumorpatienten stehen nun auch orale Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren mit hohem
Evidenzniveau gleichwertig für die Initialtherapie und Sekundärprophylaxe zur Verfügung.
Die individuelle Entscheidung über Art, Dauer und Intensität der Antikoagulation sollte
neben den tumorentitätsspezifischen Risiken für Blutungen und Rezidivthrombosen auch
präparatespezifische Charakteristika, Therapiekosten und die Patientenpräferenz
einbeziehen.
Erfolgreiche Behandlung von chylösem Aszites bei einer
58-jährigen Patientin durch Ernährungstherapie
Authors: Baur Christina , Meissl Stephanie , Ebert Matthias
Published: April 2022

Chylöser Aszites ist eine milchig-trübe peritoneale
Flüssigkeit, die als Leckage von Lymphflüssigkeit in die
Bauchhöhle entsteht. Ursächlich kann neben Malignomen und einer
Leberzirrhose auch eine operative Verletzung der Lymphgefäße
sein. Bei insgesamt geringen Fallzahlen gibt es keine standardisierten
Therapieempfehlungen. Durch parentale Ernährung und eine fettarme
Diät konnten wir eine 58-jährige Patientin mit postoperativem
chylösem Aszites erfolgreich behandeln.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: April 2022

kaum klingt die Bedrohung durch die Corona-Pandemie ein wenig ab, ereilt uns die
nächste mit dem Krieg in Europa. Was für uns Bedrohung ist, ist
für die Menschen in der Ukraine bereits existentielle Bedrohung von Haus und
Leib und Leben. Während die Corona-Pandemie das Risiko Adipositas aber auch
das Risiko Mikronährstoffmangel für die Infektion und insbesondere
für schwere Verläufe herausstellte, drohen durch den Krieg ganz
andere ernährungsmedizinische Gefahren: Hunger und Hungersnot in
vielen Ländern der Erde. Sowohl die Ukraine als auch Russland sind
Kornkammern Europas und Hauptproduzenten für Speiseöle, die ebenso
wie der Weizen weltweit exportiert werden. Da die Bauern der Ukraine die Saat nicht
ausbringen können, ist ein kompletter Ernteausfall zu erwarten, der nicht
nur die eigene Bevölkerung, sondern viele Importländer im nahen und
mittleren Osten und in Teilen Afrikas betrifft. Diese Länder, die z.T.
permanent von Hunger bedroht sind, müssen nun mit einer drastischen Zunahme
der Hungersnot rechnen. Ihre Möglichen der Kompensation durch Lieferungen
aus anderen Ländern sind begrenzt. Grund genug, sich als
Ernährungsmediziner mit dem Hungerstoffwechsel auseinanderzusetzen.
Dazu möchte ich Ihnen folgende zwei neuere Arbeiten zur Lektüre
empfehlen:
Der Kiil-Plattendialysator
Authors: Brunner Jürgen
Published: April 2022

Frederik Kiil (1921–2015) war ein norwegischer Arzt. 1960 hat er einen Plattendialysator entwickelt (Abb. 1). Als Membran verwendete er Cuprophan.
Precision Medicine Approach for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in
Therapeutic Apheresis
Authors: Yin X. , Takov K. , Straube R. , Voit-Bak K. , Graessler J. , Julius U. , Tselmin S. , Rodionov Roman N. , Barbir M. , Walls M. , Theofilatos K. , Mayr M. , Bornstein S.R.
Published: April 2022

Lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is currently the most powerful intervention possible
to reach a maximal reduction of lipids in patients with familial
hypercholesterolemia and lipoprotein(a) hyperlipidemia. Although LA is an
invasive method, it has few side effects and the best results in preventing
further major cardiovascular events. It has been suggested that the highly
significant reduction of cardiovascular complications in patients with severe
lipid disorders achieved by LA is mediated not only by the potent reduction of
lipid levels but also by the removal of other proinflammatory and proatherogenic
factors. Here we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of patients on LA
treatment using intra-individually a set of differently sized apheresis filters
with the INUSpheresis system. This study revealed that proteomic analysis
correlates well with routine clinical chemistry in these patients. The method is
eminently suited to discover new biomarkers and risk factors for cardiovascular
disease in these patients. Different filters achieve reduction and removal of
proatherogenic proteins in different quantities. This includes not only
apolipoproteins, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and plasminogen but also
proteins like complement factor B (CFAB), protein AMBP, afamin, and the low
affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A (FcγRIIIa) among
others that have been described as atherosclerosis and metabolic vascular
diseases promoting factors. We therefore conclude that future trials should be
designed to develop an individualized therapy approach for patients on LA based
on their metabolic and vascular risk profile. Furthermore, the power of such
cascade filter treatment protocols may improve the prevention of cardiometabolic
disease and its complications.
Welche Besonderheiten sind bei Schwangerschaft unter Hämodialyse zu beachten?
Authors: Schmidt Christina
Published: April 2022

Dieser Beitrag basiert auf einer Facharbeit im Rahmen einer Fachweiterbildung für Nephrologie. Er befasst sich mit den Fragestellungen, ob es generell möglich ist, eine Schwangerschaft erfolgreich unter Nierenersatztherapie (Hämodialyse) zu vollenden und – falls ja – welche Anpassungen des Dialyseregimes erforderlich sind. Auf diese Fragen wird anhand eines konkreten Fallbeispiels eingegangen, mit dem die Verfasserin unmittelbar konfrontiert war. Es werden die Risiken einer Schwangerschaft unter Hämodialyse aufgezeigt und die Herausforderungen für die Ärzte, die Pfleger und die Patientin selbst beleuchtet. Anhand des Fallbeispiels wird die Medikation und die Dialysedosis beschrieben. Neben der Schwangerschaft werden die Geburt und die besonderen Umstände der Hämodialyse in der Stillzeit behandelt. Schließlich wird auf das Problem fehlender Leitlinien im Umgang mit (einer steigenden Anzahl an) schwangeren Hämodialysepatientinnen eingegangen.
Use of Biologic Agents in Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Grush Andrew E. , Depani Monal , Parham Matthew J. , Mejia-Martinez Valeria , Thornton Alexandra , Sammer Douglas M.
Published: April 2022

Skin and soft tissue defects of the lower extremity present a unique challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Successful repair of the lower extremity relies not only on strong anatomical knowledge and surgical expertise, but also on careful consideration of the numerous preoperative factors and indications that may alter the patient's response to operative management. While many of these injuries result from burns, avulsive trauma, diabetes, or vascular insufficiencies, a significant portion can be associated with resection of neoplastic pathologies. This review outlines the uses, indications, and considerations for biologic wound agents in reconstructing skin and soft tissue defects of the lower extremity following Mohs micrographic surgery.
A Chinese tale of three regions: a century of China in thousands of films
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Ma Wen , Guo Wei , Chen Yunsong
Published: April 2022

Over the past 70 years, because of their different historical and social contexts, the film industries of China’s three regions, namely mainland China, Taiwan, and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), have exhibited distinct characteristics that grow out of a single cultural root. Based on data from the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), this study investigates how the image of China has spread overseas through cultural products by applying big data analysis and machine learning methods to compare the content, topics, and attitudes toward the image of China disseminated by films originating in these three regions. The results show that the three areas have sought to express their subjectivity during periods of flux and striven to connect with the world in films. The macroscopic analysis of large-scale content allows the exploration of hidden cultural phenomena and compensates for the lack of objectivity of traditional research methods, while understanding embedded historical and cultural contexts of the three regions helps to clarify the regions’ ethnic, cultural, and emotional connections. Therefore, this study has contributed to cultural sociology both in topic and methodology.
Low-temperature electrical conductivity of composite film formed by carbon nanotubes with MoS2 flakes
Authors: Karachevtsev V. A. , Kurnosov N. V. , Plokhotnichenko A. M.
Published: April 2022

Multifunctional composite nanosystems containing both one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanostructures possess improved electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties which offer a wide range of applications. In this work, the composite films formed by single-walled carbon nanotubes and MoS2 flakes (MoS2-SWNTs) are studied exploiting Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and low-temperature conductivity measurements (5–312 K). The MoS2-SWNTs and SWNTs films demonstrate the semiconductor behavior with negative temperature coefficient of resistance. The temperature dependence of the composite film resistance in the range of 5–204 K is considered whithin the framework of Mott model that describes the motion of electrons with variable range hopping due to thermally activated tunneling (3D Mott VRH model). At T > 204 K, the temperature dependence of composite film resistance was fitted by the Arrhenius-like equation. The empirical parameters included in two transport models were evaluated. The comparison between the composite and SWNTs films shows that the conductivity of the composite is mostly determined by nanotubes.
Electrospinning production of polymer nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes
Authors: Plokhotnichenko A. M. , Karachevtsev V. A.
Published: April 2022

Recent years’ electrospinning technology for fabrication of nanofibers of polymers with incorporation of nanoparticles made noticeable progress in different fields, including biomedicine due to their biocompatibility, adhesiveness, antibacterial properties, and sterile nature. In this study, the electrospinning production of antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was considered. The synthesis of the AgNPs was performed from the polymer-encapsulated AgNO3 precursor material in water with Ag atom reduction by an ultrasonication treatment. The effect of the AgNO3 concentration and the sonication time on the size and quantity of the obtained AgNPs on the PVA scaffold was studied. Absorption spectra were exploited for the control of the appearance of AgNPs in the suspension. From the peak position of the plasmon band observed in the absorption spectrum of the composite the average diameter of the as-prepared AgNPs was estimated as 55–60 nm. As it follows from scanning electron microscopy images the diameter of PVA:AgNPs nanofibers is about 250 nm. Nanofibers formed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with incorporation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were fabricated from the PVP alcohol solution containing SWNTs. The diameter of the nanofibers was in the range of 1–3 μm. Using a dielectric substrate and the collector of a special shape, a mat of fibers with preferred fiber orientation was prepared. Our estimation shows that about 90% of the fibers are oriented.
Rumen bacteria and feed efficiency of beef cattle fed diets with different protein content
Authors: Parra M. C. , Costa D.F. , Meale S. J. , Silva L. F. P.
Published: April 2022

Context Beef cattle feed efficiency is challenged in northern Australian production systems due to the limited dietary protein, leading to changes in rumen bacterial populations and fermentation outcomes. Aims Two types of diets with different dietary protein contents were used to evaluate changes in rumen bacterial composition and diversity, aiming to correlate rumen bacterial populations with feed and rumen efficiency parameters. Methods In total, 90 Brahman steers (341 ± 45 kg BW) were selected for this trial, but rumen fluid was collected from 85 Brahman steers, at 0 and 4 h after feeding, during a feed-efficiency trial. The steers were fed with a low-protein diet, including 70% rumen-degradable protein and 8.8% crude protein (CP) for 60 days, followed by a high-protein diet for the same period (13.5% CP). Liveweight and dry-matter intake measurements, as well as urine, faeces and rumen fluid samples, were collected to determine feed and rumen efficiency, and ruminal bacteria composition. Steers were clustered into groups using principal component analysis and Ward’s hierarchical method, and differences in feed-efficiency parameters among clusters were compared. Key results Rumen bacterial composition differed between diets (P < 0.01) and diversity changes were more related to bacterial richness (P < 0.01). In a low-protein diet, there were four distinct clusters of steers, on the basis of rumen bacteria, in which the most efficient steers, with a better residual feed intake (P = 0.06) and lower rumen ammonia concentration (P < 0.01) before feeding, had the highest relative abundance of Prevotella (P < 0.01). While in a high-protein diet, no differences were observed on feed or rumen fermentation parameters among steer clusters. Conclusion In a low-protein diet, rumen bacterial shifting might contribute to upregulate nitrogen recycling, favouring feed efficiency. Implications Identifying ruminal bacterial populations involved in nitrogen recycling upregulation might be useful to select the most efficient cattle fed low-protein diets.
FNIP1 regulates adipocyte browning and systemic glucose homeostasis in mice by shaping intracellular calcium dynamics
Authors: Yin Yujing , Xu Dengqiu , Mao Yan , Xiao Liwei , Sun Zongchao , Liu Jing , Zhou Danxia , Xu Zhisheng , Liu Lin , Fu Tingting , Ding Chenyun , Guo Qiqi , Sun Wanping , Zhou Zheng , Yang Likun , Jia Yuhuan , Chen Xinyi , Gan Zhenji
Published: April 2022

Metabolically beneficial beige adipocytes offer tremendous potential to combat metabolic diseases. The folliculin interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) is implicated in controlling cellular metabolism via AMPK and mTORC1. However, whether and how FNIP1 regulates adipocyte browning is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that FNIP1 plays a critical role in controlling adipocyte browning and systemic glucose homeostasis. Adipocyte-specific ablation of FNIP1 promotes a broad thermogenic remodeling of adipocytes, including increased UCP1 levels, high mitochondrial content, and augmented capacity for mitochondrial respiration. Mechanistically, FNIP1 binds to and promotes the activity of SERCA, a main Ca2+ pump responsible for cytosolic Ca2+ removal. Loss of FNIP1 resulted in enhanced intracellular Ca2+ signals and consequential activation of Ca2+-dependent thermogenic program in adipocytes. Furthermore, mice lacking adipocyte FNIP1 were protected against high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance and liver steatosis. Thus, these findings reveal a pivotal role of FNIP1 as a negative regulator of beige adipocyte thermogenesis and unravel an intriguing functional link between intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and adipocyte browning.
Calcium burns beige
Authors: Bunk Jakub , Kazak Lawrence
Published: April 2022

In this issue of Journal of Experimental Medicine, Yin et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20212491) discover that loss of FNIP1 is associated with browning of white adipose tissue, which they propose is driven by decreased calcium uptake into the ER.
Tunable Spin Hall Magnetoresistance in All-Antiferromagnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Huang Lin , Zhou Yongjian , Guo Tingwen , Pan Feng , Song Cheng
Published: April 2022

We investigate the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in all-antiferromagnetic heterostructures α-Fe2O3/Cr2O3 with Pt contacts. When the temperature is ultralow (< 50 K), the spin current generated in the Pt layer cannot be transmitted through Cr2O3 (t = 4 nm), and the SMR is near zero. Meanwhile, when the temperature is higher than the spin fluctuation temperature T
F (≈ 50 K) of Cr2O3 and lower than its Néel temperature T
N (≈ 300 K), the spin current goes through the Cr2O3 layer and is reflected at the α-Fe2O3/Cr2O3 interface; an antiferromagnetic (negative) SMR is observed. As temperature increases higher than T
N, paramagnetic (positive) SMR mainly arises from the spin current reflection at the Cr2O3/Pt interface. The transition temperatures from negative to positive SMR are enhanced with increasing Cr2O3 layer thickness, accompanied by the absence of SMR signals when t = 10 nm. Such a tunable SMR builds a bridge between spin transport and structures. It also enriches antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Magnetic Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional CrBr3 Probed by a Quantum Sensor
Authors: Wang Haodong , Lei Peihan , Mao Xiaoyu , Kong Xi , Ye Xiangyu , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ya , Qin Xi , Meijer Jan , Zeng Hualing , Shi Fazhan , Du Jiangfeng
Published: April 2022

Recently, magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has attracted wide interests. It is anticipated that these materials will stimulate discovery of new physical phenomena and novel applications. The capability to quantitatively measure the magnetism of 2D magnetic vdW materials is essential to understand these materials. Here we report on quantitative measurements of ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition of an atomically thin (down to 11 nm) vdW magnet, namely CrBr3, with a Curie point of 37.5 K. This experiment demonstrates that surface magnetism can be quantitatively investigated, which is useful for a wide variety of potential applications.
Regularization graphs—a unified framework for variational regularization of inverse problems
Authors: Bredies Kristian , Carioni Marcello , Holler Martin
Published: April 2022

We introduce and study a mathematical framework for a broad class of regularization functionals for ill-posed inverse problems: regularization graphs. Regularization graphs allow to construct functionals using as building blocks linear operators and convex functionals, assembled by means of operators that can be seen as generalizations of classical infimal convolution operators. This class of functionals exhaustively covers existing regularization approaches and it is flexible enough to craft new ones in a simple and constructive way. We provide well-posedness and convergence results with the proposed class of functionals in a general setting. Further, we consider a bilevel optimization approach to learn optimal weights for such regularization graphs from training data. We demonstrate that this approach is capable of optimizing the structure and the complexity of a regularization graph, allowing, for example, to automatically select a combination of regularizers that is optimal for given training data.
Anticancer efficacy of lupeol incorporated electrospun Polycaprolactone/gelatin nanocomposite nanofibrous mats
Authors: Ravichandran Siranjeevi , Radhakrishnan Jeyalakshmi
Published: April 2022

Despite the anticancer effect of lupeol (Lup), low aqueous solubility can make its therapeutic usage difficult. However, polycaprolactone/Gelatin (PCL-GEL) nanofibers scaffold eliminates this problem. This study has been conducted to recognize PCL-GEL-Lup nanofibers effect on cancer cell lines. PCL-GEL solution was prepared at different ratios (8 wt% and 4 wt%) for achieving optimal nanofibers. PCL-GEL-Lup nanofibers were provided via electrospinning technique. The surface morphology of nanofibers was examined using FESEM. Functional groups were investigated by a Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Lupeol released from nanofibers was detected by a UV–Visible spectroscopy. The drug release profile confirmed the sustained release of about 80% achieved within 40 h. IC50 of lupeol against ACHN and HSC-3 cell lines are 52.57 and 66.10 μg ml−1 respectively. The study results from aid an understanding of the fabrication of a scaffold with an optimum dose of bioactive lupeol in 6 wt% with bead free uniform diameter that is capable of binding the drug efficiently. The enhanced cytotoxicity activity by effective diffusion and elution to the target achieved in this study help to develop a nanofiber in the ongoing battle against cancer.
Process improvement of high aspect ratio nano-gratings based on synchrotron x-ray
Authors: Fan Ruoxin , Wang Baozhi , Li Yigui , Lai Liyan
Published: April 2022

To achieve better structural accuracy and aspect ratio, nano-gratings with a vertical angle close to 90° and a depth-to-width ratio of about 8 were prepared by synchrotron radiation. The optimal exposure dose and development time were determined to be 0.006 (A·h) and 6 min, respectively, by observing the surface loss and roughness of the gratings with slit widths of 150 nm and 250 nm under different conditions. To obtain the desired rectangular grating structure, the experimental conditions were optimized with the help of controlled variables experimental method. With the mask-to-photoresist pitch and the development and drying temperatures of 20 μm and 23 °C, the optimized depth-to-width ratio of the nano-gratings with a slit width of 250 nm can reach 8.28. The cone angle can reach 88.4°. The aspect ratio of the nano-gratings with a slit width of 150 nm is 7.18, and its cone angle is 87.1°.
Study of underdamped oscillations of a spring-mass system via directly measured acceleration time series
Authors: Mananghaya Michael Rivera , Yu Dennis
Published: April 2022

A low-cost simple one-dimensional spring-mass system was constructed to investigate damped oscillations. The suspended mass in the system can move freely inside a cylinder containing a fluid. It provides an in-depth experience for demonstrating various concepts under oscillations. It can be used to probe the magnitude of damping forces in liquids such as water by analysing the oscillation of an immersed mass. Such low-cost apparatus can provide a powerful platform for instructions and a rich pedagogic experience. The manuscript presents an excellent idea that can be used as a simple laboratory exercise to explain damping in undergraduate courses on vibration.
‘Big data’ in physics education: discovering the stick-slip effect through a high sample rate
Authors: Benz Gregor , Buhlinger Carsten , Ludwig Tobias
Published: April 2022

With the availability of educational digital data acquisition systems, it has also become possible in physics education to generate ‘big’ data sets by (a) measuring multiple variables simultaneously, (b) increasing the sample rate, (c) extending the measurement duration, or (d) choosing a combination among these three options. In the context of this paper, we will use a simple acceleration experiment to show that a higher sample rate, resulting in a larger data set, quantitatively reveals the stick-slip effect. For this purpose, two variables are measured simultaneously, first with a low and then with a high sample rate. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that dealing with ‘big’ data sets can add value to experimentation in physics labs by dealing with data sets that more accurately describe observations.
Precise measurements in mechanics using a moving light source and a smartphone
Authors: Goev Gosho , Velinov Tzvetan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose a simple yet generic and versatile method to measure the position of a moving body as a function of time. Apart from very basic equipment such as carts and wheels, only a laser pointer or a similar device and a smartphone are necessary. By attaching a source of light to a cart and video filming its movement on a horizontal plane under the gravitational force, the position of the cart as a function of time can be recorded without any calibration and using one of the many free apps. The obtained results for the cart acceleration under a constant force were in very good agreement with Newton’s second law. The inexpensive equipment and the possibility of taking data at very short intervals allow different experiments in mechanics to be performed, for example to demonstrate the conservation of energy and momentum in mechanics or to investigate complex movements.
Investigation of resistive switching in lead-free bismuth–silver halide double perovskite
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Ali Nasir , Bi Gang , Wu Huizhen
Published: April 2022

In this work, lead-free double perovskite Cs2BiAgBr6 film is fabricated and employed into resistive switching (RS) memory device with a metal/insulator/metal structure. The RS performances of the prepared device are examined both experimentally and theoretically. High-quality Cs2BiAgBr6 film is fabricated via a post-vacuum treatment and characterized systematically. In the prepared memory device, bipolar RS is observed with a high ON/OFF ratio, and the retention and endurance performances are measured. First-principles calculations based on the density functional theory reveal that the bromide vacancies (VBr) in Cs2BiAgBr6 render it metallic characteristics. Therefore, we propose that the migration of VBr under electrical fields formed and ruptured the conductive filament, leading to the RS behaviors of memory device.
The effective field theory of large-scale structure and multi-tracer
Authors: Mergulhão Thiago , Rubira Henrique , Voivodic Rodrigo , Abramo L. Raul
Published: April 2022

We study the performance of the perturbative bias expansion when combined with the multi-tracer technique, and their impact on the extraction of cosmological parameters. We consider two populations of tracers of large-scale structure and perform a series of Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis for those two tracers separately. The constraints in ω
cdm and h using multi-tracer are less biased and approximately 60% better than those obtained for a single tracer. The multi-tracer approach also provides stronger constraints on the bias expansion parameters, breaking degeneracies between them and with their error being typically half of the single-tracer case. Finally, we studied the impacts caused in parameter extraction when including a correlation between the stochastic field of distinct tracers. We also include a study with galaxies showing that multi-tracer still lead to substantial gains in the cosmological parameters.
Research on the phase space of three- and four-body final states processes *
Authors: Yu Kang , Li De-Min , Wu Jia-Jun
Published: April 2022

Analytical formulae for the phase space factors and three-momenta of three- and four-body final states are derived for all sets of independent kinematic variables containing invariant mass variables. These formulae will help experimental physicists to perform data analysis. As an example, we show how to use these formulae to distinguish the different mechanisms of the

process when searching the signals of

states in the energy region of the Electron–Ion collider at China (EicC).
Investigation of hard x-ray emissions from terawatt laser-irradiated foils at the Matter in Extreme Conditions instrument of the Linac Coherent Light Source
Authors: Fletcher L.B. , Curry C.B. , Gauthier M. , Glenn G.D. , Chen Z. , Cunningham E. , Descamps A. , Frost M. , Galtier E.C. , Heimann P. , Kim J.B. , Mo M. , Ofori-Okai B.K. , Peebles J. , Seiboth F. , Treffert F. , Dyer G.M. , McBride E.E. , Glenzer S.H.
Published: April 2022

In this technical report, we investigate the hard x-ray background produced at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) instrument of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) from the interaction of a high-intensity (∼1019 W/cm2) femtosecond laser with solid μm-thick aluminum and polypropylene targets. This background is dominated by bremsstrahlung from laser-generated relativistic electrons, and a measurement of the broadband x-ray spectrum via differential x-ray energy filtering was used to infer the existence of two electron distributions with electron temperatures of Thot = 500 ± 300 keV and Tcold = 5.0 ± 0.5 keV. Simultaneous single-shot measurements of the proton energies accelerated from laser-irradiated solid targets could be correlated with these measurements to further constrain the on-target laser parameters. Measurements of the hard x-ray photon background generated from laser-irradiated foils can be used to directly monitor and test the signal-to-background limits of silicon-based hybrid pixel array x-ray detectors at laser intensities approaching 1019 W/cm2.
Real-Time Data Infrastructure for Sea Ice Monitoring in Key Arctic Waters
Authors: Lin Bo
Published: April 2022

In the theis, the progress of the National Marine Prediction Center in participating in Arctic expeditions and undertaking Arctic expedition forecasting tasks, as well as building an independent real-time data infrastructure for sea ice monitoring in critical Arctic waters are introduced; The creation process, working principles, technical methods, data significance, application directions and service benefits (effects) of the three basic monitoring (observation and detection) information systems in the Arctic sea ice monitoring real-time data collection network—automatic ocean sounding information system, automatic meteorological sounding information system and sea ice long-term observation information system are highlighted; In addition, this paper also gives a general outlook on the future Arctic business and work on the basis of China’s Arctic policy and the national marine forecasting station’s response and commitment.
A Brief Introduction to the Research on Carbon Neutrality in Power System
Authors: Wu Chen , Chen Chen , Tan Jian , Gao Lang , Chen Yun , Fan Chengliang
Published: April 2022

In 2021, the carbon neutral target was officially included in the Chinese government work report, and the term carbon neutral has also begun to enter the public’s field of vision. This article summarizes the research on carbon neutrality. Firstly, the article introduces the basic concept of carbon neutrality. After that, the article described the impact of carbon neutrality on the energy and power industries. Finally, from the perspective of the power system, this article introduces some solutions to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the new power system. This research provides some references for exploring the realization path of carbon neutrality.
Large-scale hydraulic optimization of high-efficiency clarifiers in water plants
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Wang Ruhua , Xu Jiajiong , Wang Yan
Published: April 2022

In order to reveal the hydraulic reasons for the uneven distribution of water flow and velocity in the high-efficiency clarification tank, and the hydraulic reasons for the deposition of sediment on one side, CFD was used to simulate the overall tank. The three-dimensional simulation results showed that without any baffle, the velocity was extremely uneven, and the rotation of the stirring blade around the axis produced a velocity loop, which resulted in a large backflow of the velocity. There were obvious differences in flocs and water flow through the two holes. After adding the existing baffles, the water flow and floc concentration could be much more uniform, but there was still sludge sediment on one side. After further lengthening the existing baffles outside the cylinder and adding 45° baffles in the transition section of the coagulation tank and the sedimentation tank, the inconsistency of flow velocity and floc concentration could be basically solved.
Economic evaluation and optimization model of pumped storage project under the background of new power system construction
Authors: Chen Tianqiong , Ji Kailin , Xin Cheng
Published: April 2022

Pumped storage is the main regulating power supply of power system. It is more urgent to build a new power system with new energy as the main body. In order to accelerate the development of pumped storage projects, it is urgent to improve the economic evaluation method of pumped storage projects under the background of new power system construction. Firstly, the value of pumped storage in ensuring the safety and reliability of the new power system, improving the utilization level of renewable energy, and improving the performance of power generation, distribution and consumption of the new power system is analyzed. Then, the economic evaluation model of pumped storage project is optimized, and an index system covering value contribution to the new power system, financial profitability and anti risk ability is constructed. Finally, through the comparative analysis of pumped storage and coal-fired power generation projects, the scientificity and rationality of the model are verified.