bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choice of infant formulas containing goat milk in routine clinical practice
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Filippova O.V.
Published: February 2022

The choice of an infant formula for a healthy baby who requires bottle feeding is one of the most controversial issues in pediatric practice. It is important to understand how a pediatrician makes the choice and how it correlates with objective data form clinical studies assessing different infant formulas. We evaluated NANNY formulas containing goat milk. Materials and methods. In this observational study, we analyzed how doctors recommended NANNY formulas in their routine practice. The respondents filled in a short questionnaire when they recommended some infant formula at the second visit of the patient (after 4–12 weeks). A total of 532 questionnaires were included into analysis. Almost half of the patients (49%) received NANNY formula from the beginning, the remaining infants received other formulas earlier. Results. We found that NANNY formulas were recommended by doctors for both healthy infants and those with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Despite the availability of formulas developed specially for children of a certain age, the universal physiological formula NANNY Classic was generally preferred. NANNY formula was well tolerated and promoted normal growth and development of children. Conclusion. Doctors' recommendations of NANNY formulas are consistent with the results of clinical studies. On the other hand, pediatricians often recommend NANNY for children with various skin allergic reactions. It might be caused by overdiagnosis of allergies. Key words: infant formula, goat milk, NANNY, functional gastrointestinal disorders
Diagnostic criteria for functional insufficiency of the vesicoureteral segment in children with different grades of vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Demidova K.N. , Rostovskaya V.V. , Kuzovleva G.I. , Suvorov A.Yu.
Published: February 2022

Objective. To evaluate the severity of functional insufficiency of the vesicoureteral segment (FI VUS) in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of different grades. Patients and methods. We analyzed data on 101 VUR patients aged 1 month to 16 years (mean age 4.1 ± 3.5 years). All patients have undergone voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) with full and half-full bladder with calculation of the ureteral dilation index (UDI) and Doppler sonography to evaluate ureteric jets (UJs). The control group comprised 36 children with no urinary tract pathology (mean age 7.9 ± 4.9 years). Results. We used the diagnostic parameters independent of the hydration load (such as volume when VUR is registered, UDI, and UJ angle) to evaluate FI VUS severity; all the parameters were assessed using scales and compared with reference intervals. Mild disease (n = 6 kidneys) was characterized by active VUR (score 1) with minimal changes in UDI (score 1) and UJ angle (score 1). Kidneys with grade I VUR (n = 2) had normal UJ angle (score 0). In kidneys with moderate FI VUS (n = 68), VUR was registered with half-full and full bladder (score 2–3), while UDI and UJ angle demonstrated moderate scores of 1–2 points. Kidneys with severe FI VUS (n = 44) were characterized by early reflux with half-full bladder (score 3) with moderate scores for UDI and UJ angle (score 2–3). Early reflux (score 3) with maximum UDI (score 3–5) and UJ angle (score 4) reflected severe FI VUS (n = 25 kidneys). Statistical models identified the threshold of 8.5 points for choosing an optimal treatment method for children (between endoscopicy and antireflux surgery). Conclusion. A comprehensive approach to the assessment of FI VUS severity enables more accurate diagnosis and allows a tailored approach to the choice of treatment strategy (endoscopy or open surgery). Key words: children, ureteral dilation index, ureteric jets, voiding cystourethrography, vesicoureteral reflux, functional insufficiency of the vesicoureteral segment
Assessing the level of awareness on sexually transmitted infections and their prevention among children from socially vulnerable groups: a basis for educational programs
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Nikolaeva K.I. , Savchenko N.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Ufimtseva M.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Sabitov A.U. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Voroshilina E.S. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Dyachenko E.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Antonova S.B. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Sverdlovsk dermatovenerologic dispensary, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Zhunisova D.S. ,   Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation,   Sverdlovsk dermatovenerologic dispensary, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Orphans and children in a difficult life situation are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Prevention programs are important for reducing the incidence of STIs. Objective. To assess the level of awareness on STIs, including HIV infection, among children from socially vulnerable groups, and to evaluate the effectiveness of special educational programs aimed at STI prevention. Patients and methods. We performed face-to-face interviewing of 176 adolescents in a difficult life situation aged 13–17 years. Study participants were divided into two groups in order to assess the effectiveness of educational programs. The experimental group included adolescents who had seminars with psychological and pedagogical support, whereas the control group comprised adolescents who had traditional seminars. Results. The level of awareness on STIs and their prevention among adolescents from socially vulnerable groups was lower than that in adolescents living in families. We observed distorted perception of information in the experimental group. The level of awareness on STI prevention, as well as willingness to seek assistance from healthcare professionals and social workers was higher among those participants who attended seminars with psychological and pedagogical support. Conclusion. We found an insufficient level of STI/HIV awareness among adolescents from socially vulnerable groups, which indicates the need for the implementation of preventive programs with preliminary psychological and pedagogical adaptation. Key words: questionnaires, orphans in difficult life situations, educational programs, prevention of sexually transmitted infections
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of 4-(3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazol-1-yl) Benzenesulfonamide as Antibreast Cancer Agent
Authors: Putri Eka Marisa , Herfindo Noval , Guntur Guntur , Frimayanti Neni , Zamri Adel
Published: February 2022

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast tissue change and divide in an uncontrolled way. Pyrazoline is a promising agent reported against cancer. In this work, we have synthesized pyrazoline 4-(3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonamide (EMP-1). The reaction was successfully carried out in one-pot three components from 2-chloroacetophenone, 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydrazinylbenzenesulfonamide as starting materials. The reaction was conducted by assisting the irradiation of Monowave 50 (Anton-Paar) with a high yield of 91%. Its potential anti-breast cancer was investigated by molecular docking and dynamic studies. The molecular docking study showed that EMP-1 had binding energy of -7.17 kcal/mol. The spatial arrangement of EMP-1 was similar to the positive control of doxorubicin. These results indicate that EMP-1 compound potentially developed as anti-breast cancer.
SNORING AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME AS POSSIBLE CAUSES OF AUDITORY AND TUBAL DISORDERS
Authors:   Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A. I. Evdokimov, Russia, MIROSHNICHENKO NINA A. , PIKHTILEVA NATALIA A. ,   Ryazan State Medical University named after I.P Pavlov, Russia
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Snoring occurs in 20,5% of the population, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome occurs in 5–7% of the population. Primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome contribute to the development of a number of diseases of internal organs, among which impairment of auditory and tubal function seems to be understudied. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and primary snoring on auditory and tubal functions. Material and methods. The study was conducted in two groups: the first group consisted of 30 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the second group consisted of 50 patients with primary snoring. The control group consisted of 50 observed patients without primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The study protocol included patient questionnaires, examination of oropharyngeal structures, evaluation of auditory function with tonal threshold audiometry and tympanometry. Subgroup assignment was performed after registration of an apnea index of more than 5 episodes per hour. Identified forms of auditory impairment in patients of the study and control groups were processed using StatTech online software with a 95% confidence interval. Results and discussion. The results of the study revealed a statistically significant association between the risk factor (snoring) and the development of tubal dysfunction in both study groups. It was also determined that there were no significant differences in the frequency of hearing loss in the primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea groups, but when comparing with the control group, it ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2021 Том 14, вып. 6 47ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ was found that the proportion of patients with reduced hearing in the study group was significantly higher. Correlation data were obtained between the duration of snoring and the occurrence of auditory and tubal dysfunction, due to which it can be argued that the form and severity of auditory dysfunction is influenced by the duration of snoring, the time of snoring during the sleep period, and the intensity (loudness) of snoring. The results obtained can be explained by long-term combined effects of noise and hypoxia in sleep in this category of patients, as well as by morphological and functional changes in oropharyngeal structures occurring in primary snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusion. In all cases of chronic tubal dysfunction, especially those accompanied by hearing loss, it is advisable to examine the patient for the presence of snoring and apnea.
Analisis Kestabilan pada Model Matematika Deradikalisasi
Authors: Wimbo Fari Suilo  , Lukita Ambarwati  , Eti Dwi Wiraningsih
Published: February 2022

Radicalization is a process by which individuals adopt political, social, and religious ideologies that lead to violence. Violent behavior in the radicalization process is the reason that radicalism is considered the cause of acts of terrorism. Therefore, to reduce this radicalization process, a deradicalization program is carried out. Deradicalization is an attempt to persuade adherents of radicalism to leave this notion. In order to determine the level of spread of radicalization, a mathematical model of deradicalization was made. The model consists of four compartments, namely, Susceptible, Extrimist, Recruiters, and Treatment. The model is analyzed by determining the equilibrium point and determining the base reproduction number ( ℜ0). If ℜ0<1 then the system will be locally asymptotically stable, and if  ℜ0>1 then the system will be unstable. The simulation is carried out with the data that has been obtained, with the individual displacement parameters from the Extrimist compartment to the Treatment compartment with a value of 0.05 and the individual displacement from the Recruiters compartment to the Treatment compartment with a value of 0.165, simulation results show a graph that is stable to the point of endemic equilibrium. Meanwhile, if the value of individual displacement from the Extrimist and Recruiters compartments to the Treatment compartment is 0.5, the simulation results show that the graph gradually goes to zero.
The Interactive Impact of Trade Policy Uncertainty and Credit Constraint Heterogeneity on Firms’ Export Margins: Theory and Empirics
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Yanchao , Li Langxing , Li Shuaihang
Published: February 2022

This paper develops a simple trade model of heterogeneous firms, which incorporates the dual heterogeneity of credit constraints at the firm and industry levels and reveals the effects of the interaction mechanisms of trade policy uncertainty and credit constraint heterogeneity on exporters’ behaviour. The model confirms that the higher the level of industrial credit constraints, the greater the interaction of trade policy uncertainty and credit constraint heterogeneity, but firms with lower levels of credit constraints within a specific industry are more affected by this interaction. Then, based on the highly dis-aggregated trade data of China’s firms from 2000 to 2013, this paper provides empirical evidence for the main predictions and mechanisms of the theoretical model.
L’apport de la traduction dans un cours de composition avancée de niveau universitaire
Authors: Black Catherine , Marteau Guillaume
Published: February 2022

Si la traduction a longtemps occupé une place centrale dans l’enseignement des langues, elle est tombée en désuétude au XXème siècle lorsque d’autres méthodes pédagogiques furent introduites et souffre désormais d’une « mauvaise réputation ». Toutefois, depuis le XXIème siècle, de nombreuses recherches ont reconsidéré l’utilité de la traduction dans les cours de langue. Il en ressort que la traduction fait partie des stratégies d’apprentissage auxquelles les apprenants recourent fréquemment lors de l’apprentissage d’une L2 (Naiman, 1996). Dans cette étude exploratoire descriptive, il a été question d’introduire la traduction dans un cours de composition écrite avancée en français au niveau universitaire (niveau B2/C1 du CECRL) à travers une activité appelée ici « double traduction » afin d’étudier son apport possible au niveau de la précision lexicale et syntaxique. Nous nous sommes également intéressés aux perceptions des apprenants quant à l’utilité de la L1 pour améliorer leur style à l’écrit en L2.
plateforme interactive autonomisante pour favoriser la réflexion des apprenant.e.s en production écrite
Authors: Hebbinckuys Nicolas , Hong Rosa , Lory Marie-Paule
Published: February 2022

Dans cet article, nous présentons les fondements théoriques et pratiques d’un projet de plateforme interactive qui souhaite intégrer la maîtrise du logiciel Antidote au cœur d’une démarche pédagogique autonomisante. À l’aide de parcours d’apprentissage individualisés, nous espérons encourager les apprenant.e.s à adopter une attitude réflexive sur la langue qui leur permettra d’acquérir du métalangage et d’élaborer des stratégies interlinguistiques pour développer leurs compétences à l’écrit en français langue seconde. Notre plateforme souhaite répondre à des enjeux déjà prégnants dans l’enseignement/apprentissage d’une langue seconde dans une perspective plus équitable et inclusive pour atténuer les différences entre les apprenant.e.s dans le contexte de l’enseignement à distance que nous connaissons actuellement. Cette phase exploratoire a permis de développer la première étape du projet qui permettra, à terme, de mener de plus amples recherches sur des pratiques pédagogiques novatrices dans lesquelles langues et cultures sont utilisées comme un levier d’apprentissage de la langue cible.
Fundamentals of Language and Language Learning: A Collaborative Initiative for the Implementation of a Common Online Language Training Component in the First-Year Language Curriculum
Authors: Barysevich Alena , Smeets Liz
Published: February 2022

The Fundamentals of Language and Language Learning is an online mini course developed at the School of Languages and Literatures (University of Guelph). The four online modules are integrated in the core curriculum of all introductory language courses and are mandatorily completed by an incoming cohort of all first-year language students. This cross-subjects and cross-departmental project addresses the educational challenges students face as they transition from high school to university and offers a more general, rich, yet linguistically supported language learning training. The 10-15 hours of asynchronous autonomous work equip students with a toolbox for effective language learning in a second/foreign language classroom. Students explore how languages are structured, function, change, interconnected with each other and how they could use this knowledge for faster, easier, more effective, and more sustainable language learning. The mini course empowers the second/foreign language learner through activating earlier acquired languages and by applying fundamentals of linguistics into the process of language learning.
Records of Local Earthquakes as a Basis for the Correct Estimation of Strong Ground Motion (the Area of the Second Severomuisk Tunnel)
Authors: Pavlenko O.V.
Published: February 2022

––To obtain realistic and correct estimates of strong ground motion in the area of construction of the second Severomuisk tunnel, the records of local earthquakes obtained by the Severomuisk seismic station (SVKR) in 2005–2010 are studied (magnitudes Mb of ~4.2–5.5, hypocentral distances r of ~15–220 km). Stochastic-simulation methods are used to estimate the regional parameters of radiation and propagation of seismic waves in northeastern Buryatia: the stress parameter Δσ, shapes of source spectra, wave attenuation at high frequencies (k), parameters defining the shape and duration of the acceleration time history, etc. Beforehand, the duration of strong motion as a function of the hypocentral distance was evaluated from the records; the local site amplification A(f) was estimated based on the velocity structure of the region; and the envelope method was applied to estimate the quality function Q(f). The following data were obtained: Δσ ≈ 100 bars; k ≈ 0.012 s; Q(f) as ~60 f1.05 for r of ~15–30 km, ~80 f1.0 for r of ~40–60 km, ~90 f0.9 for r of ~100–110 km, and ~150 f0.7 for r of ~160–220 km; geometris spreading as 1/r for r <50 km, 1/50 for 50 < r <150 km, and 1/r0.5 for r >150 km; and duration as 0 for 0 < r < 5 km, 0.222r for 5 < r < 50 km, and 10 + 0.015r for r > 50 km. These estimates can be used to predict ground motion parameters during future strong earthquakes in the region.
Early Precambrian Crustal Evolution in the Irkut Block (Sharyzhalgai Uplift, Southwestern Siberian Craton): Synthesis of U–Pb, Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd Isotope Data
Authors: Turkina O.M.
Published: February 2022

—The paper presents a synthesis of zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf and whole-rock Sm–Nd isotope data from main early Precambrian (3.40 to 1.85 Ga) metamorphic and magmatic units of the Irkut block (Sharyzhalgai uplift, southwestern Siberian craton). The Archean complexes consist of relict Paleoarchean (3.4 Ga) melanocratic granulites and predominant Neoarchean mafic and felsic granulites (2.70–2.66 Ga), paragneisses (≤2.75 Ga), and gneissic granites (2.54 Ga). The Paleoproterozoic complexes include paragneisses (1.95–1.85 Ga), granitoids and charnockites (1.86–1.84 Ga), as well as mafic intrusions and dikes (1.86 Ga). Few detrital zircons with Hf model ages of ≥3.6 Ga mark the Eoarchean onset of crustal growth in the Irkut block. Isotopic data record two major stages of crustal growth in early Precambrian evolution of the Irkut block: Paleoarchean (3.6–3.4 Ga) and Neoarchean (~2.7–2.66 Ga). The Paleoarchean crustal growth was most likely associated with plume magmatism fed from depleted and primitive mantle sources. The spatial distribution of Paleoarchean crust is traceable in isotopic signatures of magmatic and detrital zircons from most of Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic units. The Neoarchean crustal growth from a depleted mantle source was due to subduction magmatism. Moderate crustal growth occurred in the Paleoproterozoic from 2.30 to 1.85 Ga. At the turn of 1.86–1.85 Ga, mafic magmas and products of their fractionation formed from both depleted and enriched sources under postcollisional extension; the latter sources were the subcontinental lithospheric mantle formed during Neoarchean subduction. Three major stages of crustal recycling have been established: Mesoarchean (~3.0 Ga), Neoarchean (~2.55 Ga), and Paleoproterozoic (1.86–1.85 Ga), which are characterized by near-coeval intracrustal melting and metamorphism. The recycling during the ~2.55 Ga and 1.86–1.85 Ga events apparently occurred in a collisional setting. The 2.7 Ga subduction-related felsic magmas also formed through the recycling of the Paleo-Mesoarchean crust. The hypothesized scenario for the geological evolution of the Irkut block is the dominant vertical growth and crustal recycling for about two billion years. Available isotope data record similar major crustal growth in the Paleoarchean and growth combined with recycling during the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic events in both the southwestern and northern and central parts of the Siberian craton. The Irkut block in the southwest differed in a long and continuous recycling during the Mesoarchean and pronounced Neoarchean crustal growth.
The Age of Gold Mineralization of the Unglichikan Deposit (Russian Far East): Results of 40Ar/39Ar Dating
Authors: Kadashnikova A.Yu. , Sorokin A.A. , Ponomarchuk A.V. , Travin A.V. , Ponomarchuk V.A.
Published: February 2022

—The isotope-geochronological studies of ore metasomatites from the Unglichikan gold deposit have shown their age of 136–140 Ma. There are no data on magmatism of this age within the study area; therefore, it is impossible to associate the ore mineralization of the Unglichikan deposit with magmatic processes. The thermal event superposed on the host rocks of the Zlatoustovsk Formation beyond the ore zone is dated at 140 ± 2 Ma. Thus, the last stage of regional metamorphism and deformation and the formation of ore metasomatites are of the same age. We believe that the orogen deformation processes accompanied by hydrothermal activity played a significant role in the mobilization and redistribution of ore matter and in the formation of the Unglichikan deposit.
Technology Focus: EOR Modeling (January 2022)
Authors: Gupta Subodh
Published: February 2022

No one will be surprised to learn of the reduction in the produced literature on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) this past year measured in terms of papers produced through various SPE forums. The constraints created by the COVID-19 pandemic have been unprecedented. More encouraging and noteworthy is the fact that, even in such hard times, the wheels of knowledge have kept turning.

Statistics are important in knowing where the sharp minds of SPE members are investing their energies. Typically, this is also in proportion to what those members need. Hence, it is noteworthy that more than a fifth of the papers were about CO2-based EOR, indicating not only renewed interest but also the motivation for carbon capture, use, and storage. You will find CO2-based EOR represented in the recommended-reading papers by a paper that describes use of simple techniques to predict fieldwide behavior using the Pulser method. What’s more, old is new again. In an enhanced shale gas recovery technique, as summarized in this issue, you will recognize repurposing of a much-discussed coalbed-methane method from a couple of decades ago.

CO2-EOR literature is closely followed by continued momentum in the area of data science (DS) and machine learning but with a perceptible degree of maturity in the types of application. As opposed to the “everything goes in the Wild West” approach of a couple of years ago, more and more researchers are realizing that a practical application of DS must respect the underlying fundamentals. No wonder, then, that we are seeing a gradual return of physics, though now strengthened with the power of DS. A good examples of this is found in a paper summarized here that presents data-driven approaches for waterﬂoods.

The other two inclusions presented in this feature combine learnings from other areas to extend and strengthen the frontiers of EOR modeling—namely, a coupled geomechanical and wellbore model, and an elegant manner of simulating phase appearance/disappearance in thermal simulations in the recommended-reading papers.

I hope this brief primer will not only bring you up to date with the trends in the EOR literature but also equip you with a good sense of emerging tools and their applications.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 200390 - Pulser Model: Updated Framework and Lessons Learned From Applications in Forecasting CO2 Flood Performance by Deepanshu Kumar, Occidental Petroleum, et al.

SPE 203912 - Development of a Thermal Stability Method for Phase Appearance and Disappearance Handling in Thermal Compositional Simulators by Mohammad Reza Heidari, Schlumberger, et al.
Study Examines Capacitance/Resistance Modeling for Waterflooding
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 205650, “Practical Considerations When Using Capacitance/Resistance Modeling for Waterflood Optimization,” by Srungeer Simha, SPE, Manu Ujjwal, SPE, and Gaurav Modi, SPE, Shell. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Popular implementation of capacitance/resistance modeling (CRM) uses only production or injection data as input and makes simplifying assumptions that pressure maintenance and injection are the primary drivers of production. While these assumptions make CRM a quick plug-and-play technique that can be replicated easily between assets, they also lead to major pitfalls because these assumptions are often invalid. The complete paper explores these pitfalls and discusses workarounds and mitigations to improve the reliability of CRM.

Introduction

The study focuses on three large onshore mature reservoirs currently in the waterﬂood phase. These reservoirs each have over 100 active producers and 20–30 active injectors, most of which are deviated or vertical, with the newer inﬁll wells being predominantly horizontal. All three reservoirs are undersaturated; two are layered clastic reservoirs, while the third is a layered carbonate formation. The sublayers in the clastic reservoirs are noncommunicating, whereas the layers in the carbonate formation are in communication. The two clastic reservoirs also have mild to moderate aquifer support, whereas the carbonate reservoir has none.

After a long depletion phase, the development philosophy in these reservoirs shifted to that of pattern waterﬂooding supported by aggressive drilling campaigns. Thus, a need exists for a nimbler data-driven technique that can be used for waterﬂood optimization in these reservoirs.
Technology Focus: Well Integrity (January 2022)
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2022

Almost every aspect of the upstream industry has been forced to adapt best practices and methodologies in signiﬁcant ways over the last 2 years, and even the core discipline of assuring well integrity is no exception. Against a backdrop of global uncertainty and challenging economics, well integrity subject-matter experts have continued to prioritize human and environmental safety in production while pivoting their skills toward areas of growing importance such as carbon capture and sequestration. New technologies and simulation methods have allowed the authors of the three SPE papers in this year’s feature to provide a path forward that suggests new possibilities that retain the central goals of safety and productivity.

Paper SPE 204385 describes the use of polymer capsules, embedded in cement and with semipermeable shells, that react with antagonistic gases downhole, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to form a more-benign and -beneﬁcial material. The author writes that, from this reaction with CO2, a mineral precipitate seals fractures in cement and aids in the recovery of wells.

Part of the industry emphasis on decarbonization constitutes the repurposing of depleted ﬁelds as CO2 storage sites, as the authors of paper SPE 205537 describe in their discussion of such an eﬀort oﬀshore Sarawak. They use leakage-rate modeling to perform the critical task of estimating well integrity and re-entering existing plugged and abandoned wells.

The authors of paper SPE 206052 explore various well-construction concepts and analyze the ability of cement to withstand long-term well loads. They write that, while reduction of cement stresses remains a challenge, one viable option is the use of cementless solutions, including a technology based on metal expandable packers that can seal long wellbore sections through metallic-to-rock isolation.

No matter the specialized purpose or characteristics of any well, its integrity is the linchpin of production and safety. The SPE papers in this year’s feature display a versatility and willingness to tackle long-standing issues with new technologies and approaches that the upstream industry will always value.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 204374 - Epoxy Resin Exhibits Long-Term Durability and Chemical Stability as a Well Sealant by Fred Sabins, Riteks, et al.

OTC 30299 - Big Data and Machine Learning: Effective Tools or Ensuring Well Integrity by Marcus Blane Savini, Frank’s International, et al.

SPE 206252 - Development of a Digital Twin for Well Integrity Management in Underground Gas Storage Fields by Carlo Busollo, Snam, et al
DLVO Modeling to Predict Critical Salt Concentration to Initiate Fines Migration Pre- and Post-Nanofluid Treatment in Sandstones
Authors: Muneer Rizwan , Hashmet Muhammad R. , Pourafshary Peyman
Published: February 2022

The critical salt concentration (CSC) of injected water used for various water-based oil recovery operations is the salt concentration below which fine particles are released and their migration starts within sandstone reservoirs containing clays. This phenomenon could be one of the potential causes of formation damage and associated injectivity and productivity declines. This paper proposes a novel method of quantifying surface forces between fines and sand grains and using DLVO (named after Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek) modeling to predict a CSC pre- and post-nanofluid treatment. Furthermore, the effectiveness of varying concentrations of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in controlling fines migration and reducing CSC was modeled by the DLVO approach and experimentally validated. The experimental CSC was determined by performing corefloods and analyzing effluent turbidity and absorbance under various salinities of the injected brine to validate the developed models. The zeta potentials of sand-fine-brine (SFB) systems were measured and ranged from −35.2 to 29.5 mV. The average size of fine particles was 800 to 900 nm based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Using DLVO modeling before the application of nanoparticles (NPs), the CSC was predicted to be 0.11 M (6,400 ppm) NaCl brine, at which the total DLVO interaction energy shifted from attraction to repulsion. Moreover, another DLVO model was developed considering the effect of SNPs. Models predicted 0.085 M (4,900 ppm) and 0.075 (4,400 ppm) NaCl CSC values after the application of 0.05 and 0.1 wt% SNPs, respectively. Afterward, corefloods were performed that showed that the experimental results of CSC with and without SNPs treatment were in close agreement with the DLVO models. Fines migration was observed at 0.08 M (4,700 ppm) and 0.07 M (4,100 ppm) salinity after nanofluid treatments. Many oil recovery processes, including but not limited to low-salinity waterflooding and alkaline flooding, require the estimation of the CSC to avoid formation damage. The proposed DLVO model is instrumental to predict the CSC for monovalent NaCl brine pre- and post-nanofluid application without requiring extensive experimental work. Moreover, the use of nanofluid showed promising results in terms of fines migration control and reduction in CSC.
The Cognitive Profile of Friedreich Ataxia: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: naeije gilles , Schul Jörg Bernhard , Corben Louise
Published: February 2022

BackgroundStudy the cognitive profile of individuals with Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and seek evidence for correlations between clinical, genetic and imaging characteristics and neuropsychological impairments.MethodsBased on PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was realized using the Pubmed and Scopus databases to identify studies (1950–2021) reporting neuropsychological test results in genetically confirmed FRDA and control participants in at least one of the following cognitive domains: attention/executive, language, memory and visuo-spatial functions as well as emotion. Studies using identical outcomes in a minimum of two studies were pooled. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with Cohen’s d.ResultsEighteen studies were included. Individuals with FRDA displayed significantly lower performance than individuals without FRDA in most language, attention, executive function, memory visuospatial function, emotion regulation and social cognitive tasks. Among the included studies, thirteen studies examined the relationship between neuropsychological test results and clinical parameters and reported significant association with disease severity and six studies reviewed the relationship between neuroimaging measures and cognitive performance and mainly reported links between reduced cognitive performance and changes in cerebellar structure.ConclusionsIndividuals with FRDA display significantly lower performances in many cognitive domains compared to control participants. The spectrum of the cognitive profile alterations in FRDA and its correlation with disease severity and cerebellar structural parameters suggest a cerebellar role in the pathophysiology of FRDA cognitive impairments.
Investigation of the Fano Lineshapes in Plasmonic Asymmetric Silver Nanosphere Dimer
Authors: Gu Jiexuan , Dong Dandan , Xiong Tao , Wang Wei , Sun Cheng
Published: February 2022

The plasmonic properties of an asymmetric dimer, comprising of two silver nanospheres with different radii, are studied by the finite difference time domain method. The extinction efficiencies of the plasmonic dimer are numerically calculated in the visible and near-infrared regime, i.e., from 950THz to 150THz. Two distinguishable Fano resonances are observed when the separation between the nanospheres is narrowed within a certain value, e.g., less than 10nm. The extinction spectrum that presents two Fano resonances, associated with two electromagnetic modes, is well fitted using a model consisting of two Fano lineshape functions. The resonance frequencies, the spectral widths, and the characteristic q values are obtained via the best fit parameters, and their trends are revealed with varying the radii of the nanospheres. The fitting scheme proposed in this work may be useful in the study of other plasmonic nanostructures with multiple Fano resonances.
The transition dynamics and force constants of energy bearing warped space mediator structures
Authors: Koehler Dale. R.
Published: February 2022

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
The Role of AgNOR in Improving the Efficacy of FNA in the Detection of Breast Lumps.
Authors: Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , Suliman Ahmed Abdelbadie Mohamed , Adam Elsadig Ahmed , Hussain Nazik Almalika Obeid
Published: February 2022

Background:Breast cancer is prevalent and common across the globe.One in every nine women in developed countries and one in every 20 in less developed areas may have the risk of breast cancer.This study aimed to evaluate the role of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) stain in improving the efficacy of the fine needle aspiration (FNA) technique in the detection of cytological changes in breast lumps among Sudanese women.Methods:This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Khartoum state (Sudan), among Sudanese women who presented with breast lumps to governmental and private cytology clinics.FNA samples were collected from each patient. Wet fixed smears were stained with AgNOR and air-dried smears with Pap staining techniques. For the evaluation the numeric results (The mean and standard deviation (mAgNOR ± SD) of AgNOR dots in 100 tumor nuclei and the Proliferative Index (pAgNOR), the percentage of cells having 5 or more AgNOR dots per nucleus in 100 nuclei ). Pearson correlation coefficient (p-value) and ANOVA tests were used through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics 21) to compare the values observed in each cytological category and the values observed for counting 50 and 100 tumor nuclei.Results: The mean values and SD of AgNOR (mAgNOR) and proliferative Index (pAgNOR) were 3.66±2.8 and 2.22±2.1, respectively. On the other hand, ANOVA test showed a significant increase in the mean values of the malignant findings in both parameters. The correlation between cytological changes categories and the means of AgNOR (mAgNOR) showed a statistically significant test (P = 0.001). Also the correlation between cytological assessment categories and the means of proliferative Index (pAgNOR) showed a statistically significant test. Conclusions:The estimate breast cellular proliferative activity by means of AgNORs per nucleus quantification and cytological atypia improve the accuracy of FNA in comparison with standard Pap stains.
A Bibliometric study on the Sustainable Economic growth
Authors: mustafa othman mohammad ahmed , Lengyel Peter
Published: February 2022

Economic growth plays a vital role in climate change which can be negatively affecting the climate by depleting the natural resources continuously and increasing the greenhouse gas emissions, it can be turned into a positive effect by applying sustainability in the different Economic practices in order to save our natural resources, decrease the amount of waste and decrease the greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable Economic growth can stop the environmental issues which affect the Economic itself in the present and in the future in a way that ensures economic growth with environmentally friendly practices by changing the macroeconomic policies to imply that the growth can be maintained for the long term. There’s a need to study and discover the research work in the area of Economic growth in more depth to get a better insight about how this term has been studied and developed and what the researchers have achieved in this area to define the research gaps and to open up the field for future studies.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Bedside Lung Ultrasound And Chest Radiography Compared To Thoracic Computed Tomography In Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Sosa Fernando Ariel , Kleinert Mercedes , Matarrese Agustín , Criniti Juan , Folco Juan José , Saavedra Santiago , Dorotesky Graciela , Roberti Javier , Tamagnone Francisco
Published: February 2022

Background: Bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) is being adopted in intensive care units (ICU) with a higher diagnostic accuracy for consolidation, interstitial syndrome, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax than chest radiography (CXR).Aims: To compare the diagnostic performance of LUS and CXR for the detection of pathologic abnormalities in critically ill patients in the ICU using thoracic computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard.Methods. Prospective and descriptive single-center study. Prior to CT, we performed bedside LUS and CXR, evaluated hemithoraces and characterized them as positive or negative for each of four abnormalities (consolidation syndrome, interstitial syndrome, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax). We decided therapeutic intervention after CT.Results. A total of 58 patients and 126 hemithoraces were evaluated by three imaging techniques. LUS and CT did not show significant differences in any of the conditions. CRX and CT showed significantly different proportions of consolidation, interstitial syndrome and pleural effusion. LUS performed better than CXR, with a higher sensitivity for four pathologies. CXR had a marginally higher specificity than LUS for consolidation, interstitial syndrome and pneumothorax. In 79% of patients, we performed a subsequent action based on the information provided by LUS.Conclusion. In ICU patients, bedside LUS offers a better diagnostic performance than CRX for the diagnosis of common pathologic conditions and could be an alternative to CT.
Clinical Outcomes of Single Excision Versus Kidner Procedure for Type II Accessory Navicular Associated With Flatfoot in Adults: Does Accessory Navicular Induce Flexible Flatfoot?
Authors: Tao Xu , Yang Qian dong , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Wei , Tang Kang Lai
Published: February 2022

Background: Patients with type II accessory navicular (AN) originally complain of the medial pain of foot. With increasing frequency, some of them has been recognized flexible flatfoot (FFF) at the first weightbearing radiographic examination. Posterior tibial tendon (PTT) dysfunction is widely accepted as a significant contributor to FFF. However, the PTT was not affected in these patients. The relationship between AN and FFF remains controversial. The contribution of AN to FFF was designed in this study.Methods: Adult patients who complained of medial pain and bone eminence between January 2014 and January 2020 were included. 61 patients were confirmed to have the AN with flatfoot and randomly divided into two operative groups. The AN was excised in Group A, and the PTT was reconstructed to the navicular region with an anchor in Group B. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were performed, including clinical evaluations, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) mid-foot scale, a visual analog scale (VAS) and radiographic assessments of Meary’s angle, Pitch angle, talonavicular coverage, Kite’s angle and naviculocuboid overlap. PTT decline angle (PDA) and AN-Navicular joint inclination angle (ANJCA) in the lateral view were designed to evaluate the effect of AN on FFF.Results: Fifty-six patients (56 feet) were included in this study because 5 patients were excluded. The mean follow-up period was 22.29 months with single excision (Group A) and 20.86 months with Kidner procedure (Group B). The AOFAS mid-foot score improved from 70.39±7.78 pre-operationally to 89.46±7.06 at the last follow-up in Group A and from 67.14±8.14 pre-operationally to 89.64±6.88 at the last follow-up in Group B. The VAS score decreased from 2.82±0.39 and 2.86±0.36 to 0.89±0.31 and 0.79±0.42, respectively. The radiographic results representing flatfoot significantly increased in the two groups. In the lateral view, PDA significantly increased after the operation, and the effect of PTT on the arch upward was induced by pull angulations and shorter distances. Conclusion: The FFF with AN may be induced by AN and its synchondrosis. The weakened plantar ligament of synchondrosis was impaired under chronic tension and shear forces may be implicated as the etiologic biomechanical mechanism. AN excision or it with PTT reconstruction could release the pain and benefit the PTT pulling sufficiency. Level of evidence: Level IV, comparative serial cases.
Information Needed For Coastal Management: Perceptions Of Research And Protection Of Shorebirds On A Coastal Beach Are Influenced By Visitor Type, Age And Gender
Authors: Burger J. , Dey Amanda , Niles Larry , Feigin Stephanie , Ng Kelly
Published: February 2022

Protection of shorebirds along coasts where they congregate during migration is an important conservation goal, yet little is known about the reasons that attract people to beaches. Data on perceptions can be used to develop and implement educational and conservation programs, enhancing both visitor experiences and shorebird survival. Urbanization is encroaching on many beaches and estuaries that are necessary stopover sites for migrant birds. This study examines perceptions of visitors at 9 Delaware Bay beaches during the critical northward shorebird migration using interviews (N = 279). We examine the hypothesis that visitors come to Delaware Bay beaches mainly to see the shorebirds (including Red Knots, Calidris canutus rufa) and the crabs whose eggs sustain the shorebirds. Only 60 % of visitors were there primarily to see the shorebirds and crabs, the rest were there for the scenery, tranquility, fishing, or other recreation activities, despite access restrictions. Even when asked what makes the beach attractive, from 17 % (people interested in birds) to 62 % (people interested in crabs) listed tranquility and scenery. Older people rated the importance of research and protection of shorebirds (and crabs) higher than younger people. Over 40 % did not want to see any changes to beaches, while 28 % wanted to see improvements, and 24 % wanted to see more restoration and conservation. Nearly 60% said these beaches would be less attractive if there were more people. These perceptions can aid managers, conservationists and communities improve beaches for both migratory shorebirds and human use.