bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Characteristics of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children
Authors: Sadykova Dinara I. , Galimova Liliia F. , Slastnikova Eugenia S.
Published: June 2020

Familial hypercholesterolemia is autosomal dominant hereditary disorder developing in in humans since birth and it is characterized by low-density lipoproteins concentration increase in blood. Lack of timely diagnostics and therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with early development of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular pathology and mortality in first 30–40 days of life. Despite the fact that the optimal period for revealing of disease is childhood, diagnostics of the disease has extremely low quality among children. The article presents screening methods and criteria of familial hypercholesterolemia diagnostics among children.
Effect of Cumin Seeds (Cuminum cyminum) in Feed Diets of Anatolian Water Buffaloes on Shelter into Gass Concentration, Milk Yield and Composition
Authors: DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU Taşkın , ŞİMŞEK Ercan , UNAL Halil , KURALOĞLU Hasan , ÖZBILGIN Selda
Published: June 2020

The research was carried out to determine the effects of cumin seeds in food diets of Anatolian water buffaloes (AWB) in shelter about gas concentration, milk yield and composition. The animal material of the experiment was conducted with 27 buffaloes at Karaoglan Village located in Mustafakemalpasa, Bursa. Three different buffalo shelters (E1, E2 and E3) and three different diets (S1; S2; and S3) (0, 10 and 30 g grounding cumin seeds (GCS) kg-1) in 3x3 a replicated Latin square design was used with nine replicates of one buffalo each. Periods lasted 21 days, in which the first two weeks were preliminary for adaptation and data for statistical analysis collected in week 3. In conclusion, It has been determined that 30 g cumin supplementation to AWB diets (S3; one kg of diet) significantly increased total dry matter intake and milk yield of AWB (P<0:01). Meanwhile; there were no significant effects of diets containing cuminun seeds in milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and shelter about gas concentrations (CH4, NH3 and CO2).
Evaluation of the Microbial Quality and Total Phenolic Content of a Local Smoked Cheese
Authors: VOȘGAN Zorica , MIHALI Cristina , MARIAN Monica , DUMUȚA Anca , POP Flavia , MIHALESCU Lucia
Published: June 2020

The increasing of the organic foods consumption to prevent the loss of cultural and social traditions that have survived for centuries, requires a proper assessment of the safety and quality of these products. The purpose of this study was the microbiological analysis of smoked cheese and non-smoked cheese, in order to assess the antimicrobial effect of smoke, as well as the determination of water-soluble phenolic compounds. The microbiological analyzes that were performed are: total number of aerobic mesophilic germs, coliform bacteria, coagulase-positive staphylococci, total number of yeasts and molds. The Folin–Ciocalteu test was chosen to measure total phenolic content of smoked cheese extracts. Microbial activity is reduced in smoked cheese types compared to non-smoked. The registered values were below the maximum admissible limits in the case of the total aerobic germs and shown coliform absence and inhibation in the growth of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Yeast and molds have been also inhibited through the smoking process. The total content of phenols varied from one assortment to another, with higher values in traditionally smoked cheese. The study shows that the microbiological quality of the cheese is greatly influenced by the hygienic conditions of processing and storage.
Identification of Molecular Markers Specific to the Bovine Species Used in the Production of Food Products of Animal Origin
Authors: CHIŞ Lavinia Maria , VODNAR Dan Cristian
Published: June 2020

Molecular markers are a helpful tool for species detection of meat origin, in order to determine with accuracy the possible fraud of animal-based food products. In this study, blood, milk and cheese samples were taken from the Romanian “Bălțata” bovine species. In the blood extraction stage, the commercial Wizard Genomic DNA Extraction Kit was used, and for the milk and cheese extraction, the SureFood®PREP Advanced kit was used. Target DNA amplification in all the three matrices was performed with the StockMarks for Cattle kit. It was found that the analyzed loci had the size of the fragments within the reference range given by the kit used, which concludes that the blood, milk and the cheese have the same origin, from the same animal of the bovine species. Therefore, through the genotyping technique, traceability of food products can be achieved and the species of origin can be identified.
Microbiological Profile of Kashkaval Cheese During Production Season
Authors: JIMBOREAN Mirela Anamaria , ŢIBULCĂ Dorin , MICHIU Delia
Published: June 2020

Although the scalded cheeses are not an ideal substrate for microorganisms, these are a suitable habitat for starter cultures and indigenous microbiota, the latter being able to survive during processing. The aim of this study was to highlight the qualitative and hygienic aspects of kashkavals as a finished products. The microbiological assays aimed the evaluation of sanitary-hygienic quality in kashkaval cheeses obtained during one year, by the following indicators: determination of coliform bacteria, E. coli, monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms: Stafylococcus aureus coagulase-positive and total number of micromycetes. Sixty samples from five units which process the milk into scalded cheeses, were collected. 10% from the analyzed cheese samples, had values of coliform counts between 102-103 cfu/g, while the remaining samples had values less than 102 cfu/g. 8.3% of cheese samples had values of E. coli ranging from 11 to 100 cfu/g and the remaining samples had lower values . No sample registered over 1,000 cfu/g, which is the upper marginal limit for coagulase-positive staphylococci in cheeses, according to the Reg. EC 1881/2006. 18.3% of cheese samples had values of total number of micromycetes over 1000 cfu/g, while the remaining samples were below 1000 cfu/ g.
FUNGUSCHAIN EU Project: Extracting Value from the Agricultural Offcuts of Commercial Mushroom Farming
Authors: RUSU Alexandru Vasile , SCHWARZE Ann Kristin , PENEDO Berta ALVAREZ
Published: June 2020

FUNGUSCHAIN project is implementing valorisation concepts of mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) agricultural residues. Therefore, novel cascading approaches will be designed, in order to obtain innovative procedures to receive high value bio-based additives (antioxidants, antimicrobials and proteins), bioplasticizers by lipid conversion as well as biopolymers production from polysaccharides (glucans and fermentable sugars), using the remaining side streams and substrates. Final remaining substrates still being used by composting and/ or biogas synthesis, closing the agricultural cycle accordingly. The demonstration within a new biorefinery, including economical extraction methods, will attempt the industrial viability. At the end of the project, more than 65% of the emerged mushroom by-products/ waste will be valorised into high-value additives. Three key chains within European economy, namely, food, cleaning/cosmetic and plastic market will characterise and further validate the applicability of the obtained products within their production processes under compliance with legal EU and market requirements.
Influence of Culture Substrates and Biostimulators on Passiflora Rooting
Authors: BOBOC-OROS Paula , CATANA Corina , GOCAN Tincuta , MOLDOVAN Gelu , SZÉKELY-VARGA Zsolt , CANTOR Maria
Published: June 2020

Passiflora quadrangularis and Passiflora caerulea commonly known as passion flower are two voluble species appreciated for their impressive flowers and delicious fruits. The aim of the presented experiment was to compare the effect of different rooting substrates (vermiculite, peat+vermiculite, peat+pearlite, peat+sand) and biostimulators (Radistim-2; Incit-8, IBA 1000 ppm and control - untreated cuttings) on the rooting of stem cuttings from P. caerulea and P. quadrangularis. Stem cuttings of approximately 15 cm length were harvested from the medial portions of the shoots from mature plants. Regarding the rooting rate by species, it has been found that P.caerulea obtained a 79.78% cuttings rooting average compared to P. quadrangularis which had a rooting average of 74.57%. Vermiculite and the treatment with IBA 1000 ppm highly influence the length and number of roots. Establishing the most suitable measures for vegetative propagation by cuttings of Passiflora species studied could lead to the expansion of their culture in our country.
Evaluation of the Effect of Topping on Cannabidiol (CBD) Content in Two Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars
Authors: FOLINA Antigolena , KAKABOUKI Ioanna , TOURKOCHORITI Evangelia , ROUSSIS Ioannis , PATEROULAKIS Harry , BILALIS Dimitrios
Published: June 2020

In order to define the finest cultivation practices for two of the most commercial hemp cultivars (‘Fedora 23’ and ‘Futura 75’) under the Mediterranean climate, the treatment of topping was applied in hemp crop in Central Greece. The object of the study was to assess if topping can increase the cannabidiol (CBD) production. In addition, the growth of the two cultivars was also investigated. Our results showed that the treatment of topping and cultivar affected the CBD content. The inflorescence compactness index and the number of nodes were affected by cultivar and topping. The number of inflorescences on secondary shoots was affected only by topping. The leaf area was affected by the interaction of cultivar and topping. The maximum height was recorded in un-topped Futura 75 plants, while the highest fresh and dry weight were found in topped Futura 75 plants. The total inflorescence dry matter was higher in topped plants.
The Main Technical-Economic Aspects of the Fruit Market at Research and Development Station for Fruit Growing Iași
Authors: LEONTE Elena , CHIRAN Aurel , UNGUREANU George , ROBU Maria , FRONEA Alexandru Marcel
Published: June 2020

The Romanian fruit market has a high growth potential but, to a great degree, after 1989 it has registered a reverse phenomenon. The fruit estate, consisting of orchards and nurseries, totaled in the 80s around 290.000 ha, representing 2% of the agricultural area of the country. Nowadays, the fruit heritage is a lot diminished. In 2010, Romania had 196,000 hectares of orchards, these surfaces decreasing by 2016 when they totaled 138,000 hectares, representing 1% of the agricultural area of the country. For the recovery of this sector, it is necessary to renew the fruit plantations. Also, the range of fruit products needs to be diversified so that Romania can enter the European markets. In addition, Romanian producers should be encouraged by introducing tax exemptions and by granting new types of subsidies. In this way, Romania will be able to become competitive on the European and global market. The studies carried out on Research and Development Station for Fruit Growing (RDSFG) Iasi show how using high performance hybrids, as well as widening the range of products and maintaining a distribution process with no intermediaries have helped the company preserving a significant market share and increasing its turnover in the last years.
Research on the Effects of the Current Global Warming in the Context of Sustainable Development in Aghireşu Area, Cluj County
Authors: SĂBĂDAŞ Marius , DÎRJA Marcel , MAXIM Mihai
Published: June 2020

The objective of the research was to identify recent studies which have shown that previous climate changes are not comparable to the current global warming. The magnitude of these changes we all feel nowadays, and the effects most of the time with significant damage to both people and the environment, have reached a significant increase. It is well known that the rural environment is the area where food is produced, and that is why it is necessary not to postpone at all, the protective measures against the effects of global warming. Protecting air, water and soil resources against pollution and degradation must be the number one priority for sustainable rural development. The study area, namely Aghiresu area, is located in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania, and it is known for its preponderant activity in agriculture and mining. It brings into attention, the situation of several limestone fields where the groundwater is strongly affected by the underground galleries. The principles of sustainable development especially of the rural environment, now more than ever, must take into account the quality of life, which depends on the protection of the environment and the existing resources.
Pruning Level and Maceration-Fermentation Length Influence on Phenolic Composition of Cabernet Sauvignon in Tarnave Vineyard
Authors: ILIESCU Maria , BABEŞ Anca , CĂLUGĂR Anamaria , POP Elena Andreea
Published: June 2020

Technological strategies on vines and winemaking conditions influenced the phenolic composition of wine. Cabernet Sauvignon vines were pruned at 20, 28 and 36 buds/vine. Grapes from each pruning variant were micro-vinified and macerated for 8 and 16 days. Gallic acid, trans-resveratrol, peonidin-3-monoglycoside and malvidin-3-acetyl glycoside were most significantly influenced by pruning level, maceration-fermentation period and interaction between these factors.
Influences Between Soil Microbiological and Agrochemical Parameters in an Organic Edible Rose Plantation
Authors: BUTCARU Ana Cornelia , POMOHACI Cristian , MADJAR Roxana , MIHAI Cosmin Alexandru , STĂNICĂ Florin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to present the results of the organic technology applied to increase and maintain the biological soil activity in an organic edible rose plantation established within USAMV Bucharest. Before and after planting, three ameliorative species: Sinapis alba L., Phacelia tanacetifolia L. and Tagetes patula L. were sown in seven variants for increasing soil biological activity. Two types of mulches, woodchips and wool, were applied on the rose rows. The results presented statistically significant correlations between different microbiological and agrochemical parameters. A strong correlation between the fungi number and soil respiration (r = 0.94, p<0.05) was observed on the mulched rows. The soil bacteria number was positive correlated with humus content (r=0.68, p<0.05) and negative with mineral nitrogen (r = -0.66, p<0.05). Positive correlation between soil respiration and assimilable potassium content (r = 0.83, p<0.05) was noticed, confirming its role in soil microorganism growth.
The Influence of Certain Types of Substrate and Biochemical Substances in Seed Germination and Plant Development of Spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: TRUȚA Alina M. , VIMAN Oana , DOHOTAR Veronica Diana , SÎNGEORZAN Steluta , TRUŢA Petru , HOLONEC Liviu
Published: June 2020

In order to analyse seeds germination and seedlings growth of spruce (Picea abies) there were used five treatments with bio and chemical substances for stimulation germination: H2O, Atonik, Cropmax, CuSO4, KMnO4 and five treatments with different substrates: Jiffy pots, peat + conifer humus, peat + conifer humus + perlite, peat + conifer humus + sand, peat + conifer humus + perlite + sand. Of all germination stimulants, the highest percentage of seeds germination was obtained when the seeds have been immersed in aqueous solution with Atonik. From among substrates, the highest percent of germination was obtained using peat + humus + perlite + sand, following by peat + conifer humus + perlite and Jiffy pots. The substrate containing peat and humus of coniferous can not be recommended as a properly germination substrate for spruce seeds. Results showed that using chemical substances for germination, the germination was comprised between 56.7-73.3%. Seeds treated with KMnO4 had the lowest germination, and those treated with Atonik (0.75 ml active substance in one liter tap water) presented the highest germination percentage. The best growth of seedlings was assured by peat + conifer humus + perlite substrate.
Bacteriological Study and Pathological Features of Necrotic Dermatitis in Broilers in Eastern Algeria
Authors: ZEGHDOUDI Mourad , MERDACI Latifa , MORSLI Seloua , TAHRI Mardja , AOUN Leila
Published: June 2020

The various descriptions reported of necrotic dermatitis and its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to suggest some pathognomonic characters of the disease with effective preventive and curative measures. Dead birds presented sudden death, greenish lesions at the wings and abdomen with adjacent tissues destruction. The distribution of lesions on 103 dead birds at 45th day of age showed that the right wing and the right abdomen are the most affected. The disease caused a mortality average rate of 12,8 % in a period of 5 days and treatments based on several antibiotics showed that only ampicillin and oxytetracycline gave positive results. The use of API 20 A kit confirmed the presence of Clostridium septicum. The present study showed that necrotic dermatitis must be differenced from others skin affections. Qualities of litter, pathological diagnosis, rapid and judicious treatment, are the most effective means to control this disease.
Intestinal Microbiota, the Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Methods Established for Assessing the Resident Bacterial Populations
Authors: MATEI Maria Cătălina , BUZA Victoria , ŞTEFĂNUŢ Laura Cristina
Published: June 2020

At the level of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract exists a consortium of living microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses, which represent the intestinal microbiota. This term, microbiota, comes from Greek, where ‘bios’ means ‘life’ and nowadays this is the right word to use, even if in the older literature the authors used the term microflora with the same meaning (Suchodolski, 2016). In order to describe the intestinal microbiota, there are more methods available, each of them having advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this literature study was to compare the data available regarding each method used for assessing the intestinal microbiota. Among the five methods available in the present to assess the intestinal microbiota, none of them is considered a gold standard. There are available cultural and non-cultural methods, each of them having the purpose to describe the intestinal resident bacterial populations. The most commonly used methods for characterization of the intestinal microbiota are represented by FISH- Fluorescence in situ hybridization, qPCR- quantitative real-time PCR, NGS- next-generation sequencing (e.g. 454- pyrosequencing, Illumine) and Metagenomics (shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA). In this review we made a comparison between the methods available for assessing the intestinal microbiota, showing that in the present there is not a golden standard for this and that the methods used have advantages and disadvantages.
Bacterian Species Identification from Raw Cow Milk Sample – A Case Study
Authors: TULCAN Camelia , HORCHOLLE Amandine , MARC Simona , SAVICI Jelena , MIRCU Călin , HUȚU Ioan , POPESCU Sorina , BOLDURA Oana Maria
Published: June 2020

The raw milk can support a wide variety of microbiota, due to its high nutritional content. These microorganisms become from a variety of sources and in farm animals and can cause serious damage by infecting the mammary glands and causing mastitis. The mastitic milk is an important source of disease among the consumers. In this paper, we present a study case of pathogenic bacteria identification by DNA based methods from raw milk samples which were collected from farm cows with severe recurrent mastitis. Previously it was diagnosticated that multidrug resistant bacteria E. coli strains are causing those infections. The laboratory procedure consisted of isolation of DNA from raw cow milk samples, followed by PCR based bacterial identification and DNA sequencing. Data collected from sequencing experiment were aligned against reference sequences from bacterial strains. In our study it was found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is present in the mastitic milk samples.
Diagnosis of Mendelian Inherited Disorders in Dogs: Brief Literature Review
Authors: COCOSTÎRC Vlad , PUSTA Dana Liana
Published: June 2020

Genomic research of hereditary diseases is highly significant in the development of specific diagnostic markers meant to identify dogs carrying gene mutations. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals database shows that there are 324 Mendelian disorders in dogs, of which 247 have their likely causal gene variation identified. The remaining disorders are candidates for future research in dog and human genetics, as it may lead to the description of the causative genomic variants in both species. This paper aims to briefly describe the techniques currently used in the research of dog genetics. Choosing the proper technique is fundamental, as it may differ in accordance to multiple variables such as transmission pattern, number of individuals taken into study and the quality and quantity of the existing information.
Intestinal Ecosystem: Interaction and Coexistence Between “Parasitome” and Microbial Communities
Authors: BUZA Victoria , MATEI Maria Catalina , STEFANUT Laura Cristina
Published: June 2020

The vertebrate gut has been continuously populated with complex and dynamic microbial and eukaryotic communities, that over millions of years have coevolved both spatially and temporally (Kreisinger et al., 2015). Due to the prolonged coexistence, intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths) and resident microbiota have developed the ability to influence one another by several mechanisms: 1) produce changes at the level of intestinal mucus and epithelial barrier, 2) alter the host immune response or 3) direct interaction (Leung et al., 2018). The uncontrolled use of anthelmintics can lead to the elimination of commensal organisms and alteration of host immunity and intestinal microbial community composition. Thus, the aim of this research is to highlight the complexity of interactions between intestinal bacteria and parasites and their importance for the host. The “parasitome”- microbiota relationship is a complex phenomenon that plays an essential role in host intestinal homeostasis, the absence or alteration of either of these organisms being able to cause a severe disruption of host immune system (Leung et al., 2018). Is therefore essential to acquire a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interaction between these two communities.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-diarrhoeal Activity of Leaf Aqueous Extracts of Zizyphus Lotus (L) in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: HANI Amira Fatma , ZAOUANI Mohamed , MIMOUNE Nora , AINOUZ Lynda , DJELLOUT Baya , REMICHI Hayat , BOUDJELLABA Sofiane , BOUCHOUCHA Afaf
Published: June 2020

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical screening, the acute toxicity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal activities of the Zizyphus lotus (Z lotus) leaf’s aqueous extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity study, anti-inflammatory evaluation using carrageenan induced paw edema and the anti-diarrheal activity was assessed by the castor oil induced diarrhea inhibition method in laboratory rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. The extract at the doses used caused a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in the wet feces dumped by the rat with the castor oil-induced diarrhea, and decreased the distance travelled by the charcoal meal. The results showed that the extract of Zizyphus lotus has a significant antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory activity which supports its use in traditional herbal medicine practice.
Experimental investigation and optimization of welding parameters on weld strength in friction stir spot welding of aluminum using Taguchi experimental design
Authors: Kurtulmuş Memduh
Published: June 2020

Nineteen years ago, the automotive industry started using the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process in joining metallic parts. The popularity of this welding process became higher every year. In this study, aluminum (Al) 1020 sheets of 2 mm thickness were joined with the FSSW process. The effects of FSSW parameters (plunge depth, tool rotation speed and dwell time) on the mechanical properties of weldments were investigated. The mechanical performance of the welds was evaluated by using the lap-shear tensile test. The optimization was done by using the Taguchi method. ‘The-higher-the-better’ quality control characteristic using the analysis of variance (Anova) method was applied to determine the optimum welding parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio was computed to calculate the optimal process parameters. The percentage contributions of each parameter were validated by using the Anova technique. The experimental results were analyzed by using the Minitab 17 software. The tool rotation speed was found as the dominant welding parameter on the weld strength of aluminum 1020 sheets for the FSSW process. The weld that had been produced with the optimum welding parameters gave a 23% higher fracture load than the initial welds.
Study on the durability of MOCRC under constant-current-accelerated corrosion
Authors: Li Yuanke , Qiao Hongxia , Guo Xiangke , Wang Penghui , Chen Kefan
Published: June 2020

To investigate the durability of magnesium (Mg) oxychloride-coated reinforced concrete (MOCRC) and the deviation from the natural corrosion process of the electrified accelerated corrosion test in reinforced concrete, the authors used the electrified accelerated corrosion test with saline soil as an electrolyte. A quality test, a dynamic elastic modulus test, a crack-width test, an electrochemical performance test and a microscopic test were conducted regularly. The test results show that the relative quality evaluation parameter ω 1, the relative dynamic elastic modulus evaluation parameter ω 2 and the relative corrosion evaluation parameter ω 3, which characterise the degradation of MOCRC, all gradually decrease as the electrification time increases. Failure standards were reached at 24, 21 and 21 days, respectively. Analysis of morphology, corrosion current density and corrosion rate shows that the morphology of the coated steel bar under accelerated corrosion is consistent with natural corrosion. Using saline soil as the electrolyte of the accelerated corrosion system can simulate steel bar corrosion in a natural environment better than a traditional salt solution can.
Centrifuge modelling of cone penetration tests in unsaturated clayey sand under various hydraulic conditions
Authors: Awad Muwafaq , Sasanakul Inthuorn
Published: June 2020

In-flight cone penetration tests (CPTs) have been conducted extensively to characterize centrifuge models of dry and saturated soils, but only a limited number of studies have focused on unsaturated soils. This paper presents centrifuge modeling of CPTs conducted on unsaturated clayey sand models prepared at various hydraulic conditions including as-compacted, wetting (rainfall) and drying (evaporation). The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of stress level induced by centrifuge acceleration and to investigate the impact of hydraulic processes on the cone tip resistance (qc). Results shows that variations of qcwith depth obtained from different centrifugal acceleration are in very good agreement and similarity of qcand water content distribution in centrifuge models is validated. In addition, it was found that matric suction has greater impact on the qcthan total vertical stress. The CPTs performed on clayey sand show that the cone tip resistance increases as the degree of saturation decreases under different hydraulic conditions. A correlation between the cone tip resistance and degree of saturation is applicable to both wetting and drying processes. The CPT results and in-flight water content measurements provide a good indication of strength and stiffness change in unsaturated soil subject to changes in hydraulic conditions.
Assessment of centrifuge modelling of internal erosion induced by upward flow conditions
Authors: Ovalle-Villamil William , Sasanakul Inthuorn
Published: June 2020

A series of centrifuge modelling tests was performed in this study to evaluate the internal erosion induced by upward flow that typically occurs during the initiation phase of backward erosion piping. The study focuses on the assessment of the centrifuge scaling behaviour of models under different levels of centrifuge gravity. Tests were performed by maintaining the same model dimensions, soil and fluid properties and at centrifuge gravity ranging from 10g to 30g. The results from centrifuge tests are also compared with results under Earth's gravity or 1g. Two critical hydraulic gradients associated with the first visible movement of sand particles and the total heave were obtained. The critical hydraulic gradients obtained for the first visible movement of grains agree with the theoretical scaling law. However, the theoretical scaling is not applicable to the total heave due to the expansion of the models. Regardless, the critical gradients for first visible movement and total heave were 0.56–0.99 and 1.16–2.44, respectively, and these results agree with numerical and experimental values available in the literature. The seepage-induced stresses at the granular level were estimated and it was found that 16% of the critical total seepage stress was contributed by the viscous shear stress, while the remaining 84% was contributed by differential pressure across the grain.
Constructing the landscape security pattern of urban stormwater in Nanjing, China
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Lang , Chen Yifan , Zhang Qingping
Published: June 2020

Stormwater management must address three direct threats to urban ecological security during the urbanisation of China: waterlogging, water pollution and shortages of water resources. Based on the theory of landscape security patterns, macro-level stormwater landscape security patterns (SLSPs) associated with regional flood security, runoff pollution control security structures and water resource utilisation can be set up to solve urban stormwater and environmental problems. The objective of this study was to construct the SLSP of the Tiebei area in Nanjing, east China. A high-precision digital terrain model and a digital orthophoto map were obtained using portable, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology and Pix4Dmapper software. These data were integrated in an ArcGIS platform and used to calculate runoff flow direction and flow accumulation, measure runoff pollution levels and determine priority areas for water resources protection. Combined with regional planning of the Tiebei area, the SLSP was effectively and efficiently constructed. This study also examined current management and use of urban stormwater and addressed the important bases for ecological flood prevention, regional planning and site design of the urban landscape.
Percepciones de la comunidad sobre cooperativas
Authors: Arzadun Paula , Masis-Solano Paul
Published: June 2020

Introducción: Si bien el estudio de las percepciones de los trabajadores de organizaciones de economía social ha sido ampliamente abordado, no ocurre lo mismo con las percepciones de la sociedad sobre dichas organizaciones. En este sentido, el presente artículo pretende conocer la percepción de la comunidad del cantón de San Carlos, Costa Rica, sobre las empresas cooperativas. Dicho cantón es el de mayor extensión de todo el país, y es considerado el más desarrollado y principal eje socioeconómico del norte de Costa Rica. Además, presenta una elevada concentración relativa de cooperativas, que funcionan en casi todas las actividades económicas. 
Metodología: Con un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño descriptivo, se realizaron 196 encuestas.
Resultados: Se retrata una comunidad que se declara altamente conocedora sobre las empresas cooperativas. En términos de preferencias, se observan brechas entre empresas cooperativas, no cooperativas y sector público según se trate de una perspectiva de consumidor, trabajador, o como ciudadano en general.
Conclusiones: se logró una primera aproximación sobre opiniones de habitantes de San Carlos en una materia escasamente explorada, y que resulta completamente novedoso a nivel nacional. Las macrotendencias muestran que el cooperativismo es capaz de forjar alternativas de futuro frente a los retos actuales.
Afrontamiento del estrés académico y autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios: un enfoque basado en perfiles
Authors: Freire Rodríguez Carlos , Ferradás Canedo María del Mar
Published: June 2020

Losestudiossobreestrésacadémico constatan el importanterol desempeñado por la autoeficacia y las estrategias de afrontamiento en la prevención de estados patológicos en los estudiantes. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha carecemos de evidencias respecto a la posible existencia de perfiles diferenciados de estudiantes en función de la forma en que conjugan diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento con sus expectativas de autoeficacia. Este planteamiento basado en la persona permitiría, por tanto, determinar qué estudiantes se encontrarían en una situación de mayor y menor vulnerabilidad ante el estrés. 1072 estudiantes de la Universidade da Coruña (España), con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 48 años (M = 21.09; DT = 3.16) participaron en la investigación. 729 participantes (68%) eran mujeres y 343 (32%), hombres. Mediante un análisis de perfiles latentes (LPA) se identificaron tres perfiles de estudiantes: un grupo de afrontamiento adaptativo (alta autoeficacia y alta utilización de estrategias de reevaluación positiva, búsqueda de apoyo y planificación), un grupo de afrontamiento desadaptativo (baja autoeficacia y baja utilización de estrategias de reevaluación positiva, búsqueda de apoyo y planificación) y un grupo con elevada búsqueda de apoyo y baja autoeficacia combinada con baja reevaluación positiva y planificación. Los resultados de este estudio evidencian la existencia de diferentes tipologías de estudiantes en función de la forma en que conjugan su autoeficacia y sus estrategias de afrontamiento. Por tanto, estos hallazgos parecen refrendar la conveniencia de analizar el afrontamiento del estrés académico universitario desde la flexibilidad de estrategias de afrontamiento en combinación con las creencias de competencia autopercibida.
Hábitos saludables en mujeres adultas y madres
Authors: Garrido Dunia , Sevilla Vera Yolanda , Solano Pinto Natalia
Published: June 2020

Introducción. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, un índice de masa corporal (IMC) elevado es un importante factor de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes y algunos tipos de cáncer. Algunos de los factores protectores que se han asociado con un peso adecuado son el consumo de verduras, frutas y el bajo consumo de comida rápida. Además, algunos de estos factores (como el consumo de verdura) parece que presentan una relación positiva entre padres e hijos. Por ello, se hace necesario evaluar los hábitos saludables en madres de niños de edad escolar. Objetivos. Caracterizar los hábitos saludables en cuidado de salud en madres y su posible relación con el peso. Metodología. Estudio transversal en el que se realizó un análisis exploratorio sobre hábitos de vida saludables y su relación con el IMC a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico sobre una muestra de 100 madres con una media de edad de 43.07 (5.09). Se utilizó el cuestionario Autoeficacia en el cuidado de la salud, versión abreviada. Resultados. Las correlaciones de Pearson muestran que no existe una correlación significativa entre los hábitos no saludables de cuidado de salud y presentar normopeso o sobrepeso. Sin embargo, sí existe una correlación significativa entre los hábitos saludables de cuidado de salud y presentar normopeso (r = .290, p.01) o sobrepeso (r = - .249, p.05) en las madres evaluadas. Conclusiones. Nuestros datos sugieren que los hábitos de vida saludable pueden considerarse como un factor protector contra la obesidad en madres.
Negligencia y maltrato en mayores
Authors: Balea Fernández Francisco Javier , González Medina Sonia , Alonso Ramírez Javier
Published: June 2020

La verdadera esencia del proceso de envejecimiento es la interacción entre la subjetiva disminución en el plano cognitivo y no cognitivo que produce una alteración funcional sobre las actividades de la vida diaria. La evolución de la pirámide poblacional ha puesto de manifiesto un importante incremento de proporción de ancianos/as en todo el mundo y sin establecer de manera clara los roles sociales de este colectivo. Uno de los mayores factores predisponentes para el maltrato al mayor es el concepto que tiene la sociedad sobre el envejecimiento (fragilidad y dependencia) unido a un debilitamiento de vínculos familiares y la falta de recursos económicos para garantizar el adecuado cuidado. En España en el año 2018, se contabilizaron 2.037.700 personas de más de 65 años que viven solos/as, a este dato se une que en el año 2019 el 29,93% de mayores padecía dependencia; dato que se incrementa exponencialmente cuando superan los 80 años. Se estima que el maltrato en mayores llega al 52,6% en comunidad, siendo la dependencia el principal factor de riesgo. El maltrato a personas mayores puede presentarse de diferentes maneras tanto por abuso, abandono o negligencia con unos signos y síntomas concretos; siendo la psicológica la manera más frecuente de maltrato al mayor. El perfil del maltratado/a se caracteriza por ser mujer; mayor de 75 años y con deterioro cognitivo o demencia; mientras que el maltratador/a familiar, carece de suficientes recursos económicos y cuidados de larga duración. El abordaje en caso de detectar maltrato al mayor en la comunidad se sigue a través de un plan de actuación respaldado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología. El interés sobre el maltrato en los/as ancianos/as tiene un creciente interés en la literatura científica.
¿Es la orientación sexual realmente estable?: diferencias de género
Authors: Nebot García Juan Enrique , Ballester Arnal Rafael , Giménez García Cristina , Ruiz Palomino Estefanía , Martínez Gómez Naiara
Published: June 2020

Introducción: Tradicionalmente la sexualidad ha sido conceptualizada desde una perspectiva conservadora, considerando la orientación sexual como un constructo hermético e inflexible. Estas creencias conservadoras, que se han traducido en actitudes homófobas, parecen ser más notorias en los hombres, posiblemente por el peso que tiene en ellos el concepto de masculinidad de los roles tradicionales de género. Objetivo: Conocer la edad de definición de la orientación sexual, hasta qué punto ésta es una dimensión estable a lo largo del ciclo vital, la valoración de las etiquetas tradicionales y la posible existencia de diferencias de género en estas variables. Metodología: 2924 españoles de entre 18 y 73 años (M=26,29; DT=9,10) participaron en el presente estudio, siendo el 32,9% hombres y el 67,1% mujeres. En cuanto a la orientación sexual, el 77,8% se identificaban como heterosexuales, el 9,6% como homosexuales y el 12,6% como bisexuales. Todos ellos cumplimentaron un cuestionario ad hoc sobre orientación sexual, toma de conciencia y evolución de su autodefinición sexual, así como valoración de las etiquetas tradicionales. Resultados: La muestra evaluada definió su orientación sexual a los 12,2 años de edad (DT=4,70). En función del género, las mujeres la definen a los 12,5 años (DT=4,41) y los hombres a los 11,5 (DT=5,18), observándose diferencias significativas (t=4,37; p0,001). En cuanto a su evolución, el 11,5% de los hombres y el 15,3% de las mujeres (chi 2=7,46; p=0,006) ha experimentado cambios en su orientación sexual a lo largo de su vida. Por otra parte, un 58,6% de los hombres y un 72,4% de las mujeres consideran que las etiquetas tradicionales sobre orientación sexual (heterosexual, bisexual y homosexual) no representan fielmente a la sociedad actual (chi 2=56,19; p0,001). Y, por último, se observa que las personas que habían tardado más en definir su orientación sexualson aquellas que habían experimentado cambiosen su orientación (t=26,52; p0,001)y consideraban que las categorías tradicionales de orientación no representaban fielmente a la sociedad actual (t=3,77; p0,001). Conclusiones: Estos resultados muestran la fluidez y flexibilidad existente en la vivencia de la orientación sexual. Un porcentaje importante de la población parece reflexionar sobre su sexualidad y cuestionar las categorías tradicionales, lo que podría atrasar la definición estable de la propia orientación sexual, siendo este efecto más notorio en las mujeres. Estos hallazgos deben ser considerados cuando se conceptualice la orientación sexual, no solo como una dimensión continua, sino también que evoluciona a lo largo del ciclo vital.
Necesidades socioeducativas de las familias ante el abandono escolar prematuro
Authors: Álvarez Blanco Lucía , García Díaz Verónica , Tuero Ellián
Published: June 2020

Las elevadas tasas de abandono escolar a nivel europeo se erigen como una seria problemática cuyos efectos se originan en el plano individual (fracaso escolar, absentismo, escasa o nula motivación ante el estudio, dificultades de aprendizaje, repetición de curso, baja autoestima, problemas comportamentales y de relación o comunicación con el profesorado y la familia) y se extienden a la esfera de la ciudadanía, viéndose condicionados en consecuenciaelcapitalsocialy humano. Anteestosepisodios de desenganche prematuro delaeducación formal, se recuerda y reivindica la urgente cooperación entre las familias y los centros escolares en tanto que agentes de socialización cuyas responsabilidades, influencias mutuas y esfuerzos compartidos responden a unos objetivos comunes de aprendizaje y desarrollo del alumnado/hijo. El trabajo busca conocer las necesidades que manifiestan las familias al implicarse en el aprendizaje de sus hijos a partir de las cuales emerjan indicadores de prevención o protección ante episodios de abandono escolar. Mediante una metodología descriptiva y ex post facto se administró, a una muestra de 140 familias de nacionalidad chipriota, austriaca y española, un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc paraevaluar 1) laimplicación familiaren lasactividades deaprendizaje desus hijos; 2) la percepción sobre la labor docente y 3) los contactos entre la familia y el centro. Sobresale el reconocimiento parental de la valía profesional, la preocupación hacia la educación y aprendizaje de los hijos adolescentes, así como el interés de asesorarse sobre técnicas de estudio, competencias emocionales y de comunicación a aplicar en el hogar o en los escasos, y en la mayoría de las ocasiones insatisfactorios, encuentros con el profesorado. Se concluye reivindicando acciones que, respetando la individualidad de cada familia y alumno, persigan el desarrollo integral y una adaptación social y escolar óptimas.
Análisis del consumo de sustancias e indicadores de salud física y psicológica en hombres y mujeres jóvenes
Authors: López Fando Galdón María , Ballester Arnal Rafael , García Barba Marta , Elipe Miravet Marcel , Bisquert Bover Mar
Published: June 2020

La salud es una experiencia biopsicosocial que se relaciona con ciertos aspectos como los estilos de vida y el bienestar. Sin embargo, esta perspectiva no siempre se ha estudiado atendiendo tanto al género como a indicadores de salud física y mental. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre hábitos de salud específicos (tabaco, alcohol y consumo de sustancias) y la percepción subjetiva de bienestar físico y mental, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias de género. Método: 600 universitarios (50% hombres; 50% mujeres) completaron un cuestionario online sobre Estilos de Vida y Salud (Giménez-García Ballester-Arnal, 2017). Resultados: el 13,5% reporta una mala salud física (14% hombres y 13% mujeres) y el 17,7% una mala salud mental (18,3% hombres y 17% mujeres).En cuanto al consumo de sustancias tóxicas, el 14,7% de la muestra fuma, el 47% se ha emborrachado bastantes-muchas veces y el 34,2% ha consumido otras sustancias. Más hombres que mujeres se han emborrachado muchas veces (X2= 10,13; p= .017) y han consumido otras sustancias alguna vez (X2=8,08; p= ,004). En general, no existe una asociación entre el consumo y abuso de tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias con la percepción de salud mental ni física por parte de los jóvenes. Así, aunque en teoría debería existir cierta relación entre estilos de vida como el consumo de sustancias y la salud mental y física, gran parte de estos resultados no han sido significativos. Dado que se ha evaluado percepción subjetiva de salud mental y física y no indicadores objetivos, esto puede deberse a la baja percepción de riesgo de los jóvenes, lo que les lleva a la realización de conductas no saludables sin por ello ser conscientes de las consecuencias no fácilmente reconocibles a corto plazo. En los programas de prevención es fundamental considerar esta falta de percepción de riesgo entre los jóvenes.
El papel de los problemas emocionales en la hipersexualidad
Authors: García Barba Marta , Ballester Arnal Rafael , Gil Llario Mª Dolores , Castro Calvo Jesús , Nebot García Juan Enrique
Published: June 2020

Introducción: La hipersexualidad es un problema frecuente en la práctica clínica, especialmente por el malestar emocional que generan algunas de sus manifestaciones como la adicción al sexo. Sin embargo, la relación entre el malestar y la hipersexualidad no está clara y muchos autores resaltan que, además de una consecuencia, el malestar emocional podría ser causante de la búsqueda del sexo como una estrategia de regulación emocional. El objetivo del presente estudio es comprobar si existe relación entre el estado anímico y la conducta hipersexual tanto en hombres como en mujeres.Método: 400 participantes (69% hombres) entre los 18 y 40 años (M=26,65; DT=6,30) completaron una encuesta online que incluía medidas de control de impulsos sexuales (el Inventario de Hipersexualidad [IH]) y de malestar emocional (la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria [HADS]). También se recogió información sociodemográfica.Resultados: No encontramos diferencias de género en las medias de ansiedad, mientras que los hombres presentan mayores puntuaciones en la subescala de depresión (M=7,33) que las mujeres (M=6,11; t=3,89, p,001) y mayor nivel de hipersexualidad (M=43,94 hombres, M=11,85 mujeres; t=10,36, p,001). En el caso de los hombres, la ansiedad (p,001) y la edad (p= ,024) explicaron el 29,2% de la varianza de las puntuaciones de hipersexualidad (IH) (F=37,48; p,001). Para el grupo de las mujeres, solo la ansiedad explicó el 14% de la varianza de las puntuaciones del IH (F=6,52; p,001). Conclusiones: La ansiedad tiene un peso importante en la hipersexualidad, mientras que en los hombres la edad también resultó ser relevante en este problema. Teniendo en cuenta que la mayoría de las intervenciones preventivas están dirigidas a adolescentes/jóvenes, estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de invertir esfuerzos en la gestión emocional en todas las edades, tanto en la prevención como en los programas de tratamiento.