bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activities and surgical outcomes in elderly patients with acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Tashima Yasushi , Toyoshima Yurie , Chiba Kota , Nakamura Noriyuki , Adachi Koichi , Inoue Yoshimitsu , Yamaguchi Atsushi
Published: December 2020

Objective: Although elderly patients undergoing surgery for acute type A
aortic dissection (ATAAD) is increasing, their physical activities are
not fully understood. We report the physical activities and surgical
outcomes in the elderly patients who underwent ATAAD. Methods: From 2009
to 2019, 103 consecutive patients underwent surgery for ATAAD at our
institution. Surgical outcomes along with pre- and postoperative
physical activities in 52 elderly patients (≥70 years old) were compared
with those in 51 younger patients (<70 years old).
Postoperative walking difficulty was defined as taking ≥30 days to
regain the ability to walk 200 m postoperatively or as the inability to
walk at discharge. Results: It took longer for elderly patients to
regain the ability to walk 100 or 200 m postoperatively. ROC analysis
revealed the AUC of the duration for walking 200 m postoperatively as a
prognostic indicator for late deaths was 0.878, with the highest
accuracy at 30 days (sensitivity = 83.3%, specificity = 91.8%).
Hospital mortality within 30 days was 3.8%, and 1-, 3-, and 5-years
survival rates were 92%, 84.7%, 84.7%, respectively, for elderly
patients, with no significant differences between groups. Cox
proportional hazard analysis showed postoperative walking difficulty was
an independent risk factor for late mortality in all cohorts (P =
0.017). Conclusions: Elderly patients undergoing surgical ATAAD repair
showed acceptable surgical outcomes. However, they were more likely to
decrease their physical activities postoperatively. Postoperative
difficulty in walking was an independent risk factor for the late
mortality in patients with ATAAD.
Transformational Leadership: Implementing a Cultural Approach in Organizations
Authors: Ghasabeh Mostafa
Published: December 2020

This study provides support for the positive impact of transformational leadership on knowledge management. This article reveals that transformational leaders contribute to knowledge management by acting as effective change agents through better management of firms’ internal resources (i.e. organizational culture). In terms of mediating effects, this article shows that organizational culture is important in the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management. The study also shows that transformational leaders not only directly impact knowledge management but, more specifically, foster a more effective culture, which positively contributes to the effectiveness of knowledge management.
Development of SLM process using 200 W blue diode laser for pure copper additive manufacturing of high density structure
Authors: Hori Eiji , Sato Yuji , Shibata Tomoki , Tojo Koji , Tsukamoto Masahiro
Published: December 2020

Near-infrared lasers, which are mainly used in the SLM (selective laser melting) method at present, have a low absorption rate for copper, making it difficult to fabricate a 3D structure of copper. To solve this problem, we have developed a new 200 W blue diode laser (wavelength: 450 nm), that has a high absorption rate for copper. The SLM system with the blue diode laser has been developed. In addition, the additive manufacturing of pure copper was performed under the control of parameters such as scanning speed and hatching distance. The purpose of this study is to fabricate a high density 3D structure of pure copper. The fabricated 5 × 5 × 5 mm3 size sample was cut perpendicular to the scan pattern, polished, and observed to measure the density of the cross section. In the beginning of the experiment, voids (porosities) appeared in the body of the copper 3D structure with the cross-sectional density of approximately 92%. Therefore, we changed the parameters to suppress the void formation in the process. Although we focused on the density of the structure for achieving the purpose, the density did not increase beyond 94%. Therefore, we changed the scan pattern of the laser irradiation. As a result of the optimization of the process parameters, especially by the effect of the optimization of the scan pattern, a high density structure of the density of approximately 99.1% was achieved.
Una mirada integral de las didácticas activas en la enseñanza aprendizaje del lean manufacturing
Authors: Galarza Cevallos Marianita , Donneys Muñoz Walter , Londoño Silva Ivan Miguel
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo se hace una contextualización del Lean manufacturing como modelo de administración de la producción con el objetivo de revisar las metodologías utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de esta herramienta en las diferentes instituciones de educación superior (IES) y SENA en los programas de Tecnología de Producción Industrial, Gestión de la Producción e Ingeniería Industrial, que contribuyen al mejoramiento de la productividad y la competitividad de las compañías, enfocando las didácticas activas con un ejercicio de Fischertechnik como una metodología integral y práctica que permite a través de la simulación de procesos industriales la identificación de las mudas o pérdidas que se presentan a diario. A través de talleres y ejercicios prácticos se realiza el diagnóstico de la situación actual de un proceso y según los hallazgos o desviaciones de los diferentes indicadores y mudas (pérdidas) se plantean las mejoras a partir de la aplicación de las herramientas del Lean Manufacturing como son entre otras 5 ́S, Smed, VSM, Poka Yoke, Kanban, etc. permitiendo al estudiante obtener una visión global y real de los diferentes problemas y sus causas raizales, generando en él a través de esta didáctica activa la interacción como si estuvieran en casos reales en las empresas.
Producción de aplicaciones a la medida por medio de un centro de desarrollo de software
Authors: Pava Carmona Luis Alberto
Published: December 2020

Este artículo es resultado de un proyecto cuyo objetivo fue implantar un Centro de Desarrollo de Software para el Centro de Logística y Promoción Ecoturística del Magdalena, en el que inicialmente se analizaron y cuantificaron las necesidades para la gestión de la información y atención al ciudadano del Centro de Formación, para posteriormente divulgar a los directivos la necesidad de sistematizar algunos procesos misionales y planear la metodología piloto para el Centro de Desarrollo de Software (CDS). Cabe señalar que, el Centro de Logística y Promoción Ecoturística del Magdalena contribuye a garantizar la formación para el trabajo de aquellos colombianos que residen en la región caribe, apoyando al cumplimiento de la función que le corresponde al Estado de invertir en el desarrollo social y técnico de los trabajadores colombianos, ofreciendo y ejecutando la formación profesional integral, para la incorporación y el desarrollo de las personas en actividades productivas que contribuyan al desarrollo social, económico y tecnológico del país. En el marco de la prestación de servicios derivados de la Formación Profesional Integral y Administrativos el SENA ha realizado innumerables esfuerzos para la gestión de la información y su publicación o gestión del conocimiento para la toma de decisiones en los niveles jerárquicos, un ejemplo exitoso es la implementación de un Sistema Optimizado para la Formación Integral Activo - SOFIA Plus; no es ajeno que su aporte ha garantizado un mejor tratamiento de la información, pero algunos centros de formación tienen demandas diferentes en cuando al uso de herramientas informáticas administrativas para automatizar y aumentar el uso de la actual arquitectura tecnológica. Observando esta necesidad en el centro de formación, se planificó la creación de un Centro de Desarrollo de Software – CDS, con el cual los aprendices del programa tecnología en Análisis y Desarrollo de Sistemas de Información aporten notablemente al diseño, desarrollo, implementación y soporte de herramientas administrativas a la medida.
A unidade afetivo-cognitiva: aspectos conceituais e metodológicos a partir da psicologia histórico-cultural
Authors: Monteiro Patricia Verlingue Ramires , Rossler João Henrique
Published: December 2020

Este estudo teórico-metodológico teve por objetivo sistematizar o conceito de unidade afetivo-cognitiva a partir da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Esse objetivo se justifica pela escassez de estudos acerca do tema na Psicologia e pela observância de que há uma predominância de visões dualistas acerca da razão e da emoção nos estudos psicológicos. Nesse sentido, o estudo da unidade afetivo-cognitiva pode trazer acréscimos à Psicologia por discutir os aspectos metodológicos da cisão razão/emoção e por evidenciar a união entre esses processos como parte essencial do processo humano de apreensão da realidade. Sendo assim, buscou-se discutir a constituição da consciência humana e da estrutura da atividade como unidades de análise da unidade afetivo-cognitiva. A partir de Leontiev e Vigotski, analisou-se a estrutura da atividade humana e sua expressão pelos significados sociais e sentidos pessoais como unidade afetivo-cognitiva. Essa investigação resultou na constatação de que a estrutura da atividade e a constituição da consciência humana demandam funções afetivo-cognitivas para formar a imagem subjetiva da realidade objetiva no psiquismo humano. Por isso, indicou-se, conforme afirma Vigotski, que entender a unidade afetivo-cognitiva como sistema semântico da consciência demanda o destrinchamento da relação entre a atividade humana e a forma como o ser torna essa atividade consciente.
Overvoltages on power filters under energizing industrial power system transformer
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Varetsky Yuriy
Published: December 2020

The practice of operating industrial power supply systems containing filter circuits has shown that filter tuning can have a significant impact on filter performance. On the basis of simulations of a real power supply system carried out by the Matlab / Simulink package, the results of a study of the impact of filter manufacturing tolerances on the filter transients under transformer energizing are presented. The most severe transients are observed for filter circuits in the power supply systems of electric arc furnaces due to frequently repeated operating energizing furnace transformers. This article summarizes the analysis of overvoltages on capacitors and reactors for various configurations of the filter circuit, arising during energizing the arc furnace transformer, taking into account the possible detuning of the filters.
Percepción del alumnado de Educación Secundaria sobre las personas con discapacidad y el personal de apoyo educativo en las clases de Educación Física
Authors: Garoa Muro Jon , Iturricastillo Urteaga Aitor , Rodriguez-Negro Josune , Castillo Alvira Daniel , Romaratezabala Aldasoro Estibaliz , Yanci Irigoyen Javier
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio tuvo por objeto conocer la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de las personas con discapacidad, de las relaciones que mantienen con ellas en las clases de Educación Física y del papel que desempeña en las mismas el personal de apoyo educativo. Participaron 260 estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato, a los que se les administró un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes conocían a alguna persona con discapacidad (77,6%), pero sólo la mitad se relacionaba con ellas (48,1%). Los estudiantes valoraron la presencia y el trabajo del personal de apoyo educativo como importante y positivo (8,5 sobre 10), sin que su presencia supusiese una barrera para relacionarse con las personas con discapacidad (3 sobre 10). Finalmente, la mayor parte de los estudiantes cree que sería interesante y estarían dispuestos a prestar ayuda a las personas con discapacidad en el ámbito de la Educación Física (7,9 sobre 10).
Justicia juvenil, drogas y sentencias judiciales: el menor de edad como categoría política
Authors: Fraga Paulo Pontes , Rodrigues Luzania Barreto , Martins Rogéria
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del artículo es analizar los procesos judiciales de tráfico de drogas en Petrolina-PE (2011-2014) de adolescentes, según la teoría de la sentencia. Se estudió el contenido social de las variables legales y extralegales desde el efecto acumulativo de los determinantes de las sentencias. Las decisiones judiciales más encontradas fueron la extinción procesal y la absolución. Las medidas socioeducativas de advertencia, libertad y semilibertad son más recurrentes que la internación. Sin embargo, hay desigualdades de sentencias en casos análogos e imputación de penalización análogas en casos dispares. Se concluye que el sistema penal es productor de discrepancias sociales, y el castigo se percibe y utiliza como técnica de control y transformación de adolescentes pobres incautados con pequeñas cantidades de drogas.
Patrones de carrera de los sociólogos mexicanos, 1951-1970
Authors: Blanco Alejandro , Jackson Luiz Carlos
Published: December 2020

En este artículo defendemos la hipótesis que la transformación de las prácticas y estilos de trabajo de la sociología mexicana en la década de 1950 estuvo condicionada por una alteración en el reclutamiento social de sus practicantes y en sus patrones de carrera. Para tal fin, reúne información biográfica pertinente (origen social, formación escolar, desempeño profesional y producción intelectual) de los directores y profesores de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el periodo comprendido entre 1951 y 1970.
El Derecho internacional ante la creación y difusión de noticias falsas: problemática, desafíos y régimen jurídico
Authors: Morales Martín Fernando Víctor
Published: December 2020

Dentro de las muchas manifestaciones de las “amenazas híbridas” en las relaciones internacionales, una de las que más problemas presentan a la hora de ser abordada por el derecho internacional es la creación y difusión de noticias falsas contra los Estados. El objeto del presente artículo es estudiar cuáles son los diferentes instrumentos jurídicos que se podrían aplicar a ejemplos particulares. En esencia, se trata del principio de no intervención en los asuntos internos de los Estados y la Convención internacional sobre el uso de la radiodifusión en la causa de la paz de 1936. También se comprobará las dificultades, en aplicación de estas normas, que tiene el poder calificar este fenómeno como un eventual hecho ilícito internacional, así como la casi imposible atribución de estos comportamientos a los propios Estados.
Introduction
Authors: Rae David
Published: December 2020

No Abstract
Obsession is Good
Authors: Walker Timothy
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Botanic Garden Profile: Dawyck Botanic Garden
Authors: Knott David
Published: December 2020

Dawyck became the third Regional Garden and part of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1978. Today the garden extends to some 25 hectares (60 acres) (See Map, Fig. 1) and is the woodland garden of what was once a considerably larger designed landscape centered on Dawyck House, which is currently a private residence. The garden today has some of the oldest plants in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh’s living collection including an Abies alba, planted in 1690, and several Larix decidua, planted in 1725. It has recorded perhaps the greatest extremes of temperature, –19.8 °C in December 1995 and 29.9 °C in August 2006, of any of the four gardens.
The Sarracenia Pitcher Plants and Bog Gardening
Authors: Mellichamp T Lawrence
Published: December 2020

The Sarracenia pitcher plants are among the world’s most beautiful and intriguing plants, and being carnivorous adds an extra dimension of fascination. They are endemic to North America – 10 species are found only in the southeastern United States and one species is widely distributed, from the northeastern US and across Canada. They are easy to cultivate if you understand their basic needs and are grown the world over. Every botanical garden should have them because they are so popular with the public. They go hand-in-hand with other unusual carnivorous plants to make a display that is captivating (puns intended!) to both children and adults. This paper covers types of pitcher plants, their habitats, brief descriptions of the species, a key to identification, cultivation and a short note on conservation.
Flowering curves and the summer-gap mystery
Authors: Harper Geoffrey , Rogers Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Results from year-round weekly monitoring of 93 taxa (179 accessions) at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) are presented in the form of flowering curves. These are provisionally grouped into classes, and hypotheses are suggested to explain the different patterns. Attention is drawn to a prominent ‘summer gap’ in flowering in some species, and possible explanations for the gap are discussed.
A preliminary investigation into the relationship between plant health and branch labelling technique at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Bradley Paul , Cubey Robert
Published: December 2020

Anecdotal evidence exists at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) to suggest that branches bearing plant labels are more prone to die-back than those without labels. During 2010–2011 a preliminary study was undertaken in order to assess the accuracy of this hypothesis and to investigate the possible causes and viable alternatives. The study focused on whether there were patterns of damage with respect to label material and wire, plant species or the location of plantings. The study involved a survey of the Living Collection in the four RBGE Gardens, a web-based questionnaire sent out to Botanic Gardens Conservation International member gardens and analysis of branch material and labelling wire. This report provides the information obtained when the hypothesis was investigated and makes recommendations. An extended version, along with the data gathered, is available in the Library at RBGE (Bradley, 2011).
Onset of Flowering in Biennial and Perennial Garden Plants
Authors: Last F. T. , Roberts A. M.I
Published: December 2020

Observations were made weekly over a period of 30 years of 208 species (trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants and geophytes) from more than 1,000 growing in a garden located 18km east of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), Scotland (lat. 55º 56ʹN: long. 3º 09ʹW). Of these species, 27 were British native or naturalised.The First Flowering Dates (FFD) of 67 species were without significant temperature association with variable weather; the FFDs of the other 141 species reflected, in contrast, the net outcome of ‘major’ associations with late winter/spring temperatures and smaller impacts of autumn/early winter temperatures. Increases in late winter and spring temperatures advanced the onset of flowering in the current year; in contrast, increases in autumn and early winter temperatures tended to be associated with delayed flowering in the following year.With stepwise regression, penalised signal regression and thermal-time models, it was possible to identify species with ‘strong’ associations with both air and soil temperatures and species with ‘weak’ associations with either air or soil temperatures.Thermal-time models for each of 120 species, whose FFDs were associated with temperature, enabled the characterisation of (1) base temperatures, Tb(°C), at, and above which, development towards open flowers is possible; and (2) thermal constants (degree days accumulated between the start of development and the onset of flowering). Together these attributes suggested that each base temperature cohort has species with widely different degree-day requirements. Between 1978 and 2007 mean air temperatures significantly increased by 0.080°C, 0.044°C and 0.026°C yrˉ¹ in the first, second and third quarters; soil temperatures increased by 0.060ºCyrˉ¹in the first quarter. Over the 30-year period, the trends in flowering showed the early (February/March) flowering species flowering c. 24 days sooner; the later flowering species (April/May) advanced by only c. 12 days.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the Living Collections at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Walker Christopher
Published: December 2020

Most plants have mutualistic symbioses (mycorrhizas) with certain fungi that occupy their roots, the most common of which fall into the category known as arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). Although most of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are entirely subterranean, some form spore masses or sporocarps sufficiently large to be seen with the unaided eye on the surface of the substrate. During several decades of casual observation in the research greenhouses at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), such clumps of spores from several species of AMF have been recorded. A brief introduction to mycorrhizas, with an emphasis on AM, is provided. A list of host plants grown in botanic gardens or similar situations from which AMF have been identified is given. The possible value of AMF is discussed in relation to the ‘ecosystems’ that develop in mature botanic garden greenhouses. Ways of using AMF to improve the establishment or growth of plants are discussed, including a suggestion that adequate controls must always be used, particularly when using previously untested commercially available products.
Student Project: Interpreting Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation: a Case Study of Interpretation Panels at a Range of Gardens in Britain
Authors: Goral Katarzyana
Published: December 2020

This article examines how interpretation panels communicate plant conservation to garden visitors. The focus of the study is on interpretation themes and stories, messages conveyed, and textual and visual devices used. Special attention is paid to how the information on Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation is presented. The case study focused on interpretation panels at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) and its three Regional Gardens. An assessment of the display panels at RBGE was carried out for visitor opinion and perception and these were replicated and compared with similar panels in three other gardens in the UK. The results of these assessments and a brief study of visitor behaviour contributed to a set of suggestions for future interpretation provided here. This article is an extract from the author’s HND Specialist Project written for the RBGE Diploma in Horticulture with Plantsmanship in June 2013.
Collection and Curation of Trillium Species at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Authors: Unwin Robert
Published: December 2020

The genus Trillium are spring-flowering woodland plants which thrive at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. The rationale, planning and collection details of a field trip to the eastern states of the USA in 2011 are described. An account of the living and seed collections made of trilliums and associated species and their germination and establishment following the trip is given. A list of the species collected is provided as an appendix.
Ancillary Botanic Gardens in Lebanon
Authors: Talhouk Salma , Abunnasr Yaser , Hall Matthew , Miller Tony , Seif Asaad
Published: December 2020

Botanic gardens are integral to the process of plant conservation and development, but international conservation targets set down in the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation are unlikely to be met in countries such as Lebanon, where land is limited, real-estate value is high, conservation as a national priority is low and scientific botanical knowledge is not prevalent.This paper proposes the recognition of a complementary category of gardens, ancillary botanic gardens (ABGs), which formalise local garden initiatives and facilitate options to tackle space limitations. ABGs are informal, deregulated gardens for the conservation of plant diversity and cultural plant knowledge; they are established by local communities in open sites which have existing levels of land protection owing to their primary purpose as archaeological sites, educational institutions, religious landholdings, private institutions and touristic sites.
An International Plant Sentinel Network
Authors: Barham Ellie , Sharrock Suzanne , Lane Charles , Baker Richard
Published: December 2020

Invasive plant pests and pathogens pose a major threat to biodiversity around the world, amplified in recent years by the globalisation of trade in plants and plant material and the impacts of climate change. Botanic gardens and arboreta offer a unique opportunity for the identification and further investigation of new and emerging pest and pathogen risks, which can provide valuable information for the creation of prevention, eradication and control programmes. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) is being developed to provide a platform for coordination, information exchange and support for sentinel plant research within botanic gardens and arboreta. Alongside IPSN Member Gardens, the network includes plant protection professionals and National Plant Protection Organisations (NPPOs) from around the world. The IPSN provides tools which will help to enable gardens to contribute to research by increasing knowledge and awareness among garden staff, developing standardised approaches and providing training materials and methodologies for monitoring and surveying. The network also promotes links with local professional diagnostic support that can help aid the early detection and rapid response to new pest incursions, thus protecting valuable, and often unique, plant collections.
Assessing the Effects of Drought and Temperature on the Establishment of Juniperus seravschanica Saplings in Northern Oman
Authors: Al Farsi Khalid , Cameron Ross , Hitchmough James , Lupton Darach
Published: December 2020

Climate change poses a serious threat to the survival and distribution of Juniperus seravschanica in the northern mountains of Oman. A better understanding of this species’ responses to environmental changes is essential if the potentially harmful effects of climate change are to be mitigated. One such step is to understand how changes in climate may influence the growth of juniper saplings. Two- and five-year-old saplings were grown under different temperature and watering regimes to determine effects on establishment and growth. Under an optimum growing temperature, reducing water to 50 per cent and 25 per cent of the optimal irrigation regime significantly decreased the growth of juniper saplings. In field studies, saplings re-introduced to three different altitudinal locations showed varying rates in establishment success and growth. Both two-yearold and five-year-old saplings established better at higher altitude. Overall, survival rates were considerably better with the transplantation of five-year-old rather than two-year-old saplings.Applying irrigation improved the survival of two-year-old stock when grown at the lowest altitude, but rates were not always significantly different from other treatments. Apical extension growth was found to be reduced at higher altitude, indicating that temperature influences the growth of juniper saplings. However, it was the combination of drought and high temperatures that reduced the growth of non-irrigated saplings at lower altitudes. These preliminary results suggest there is potential to artificially re-introduce juniper saplings to their natural habitat as part of a conservation programme, but more time is required to judge the success of the transplanting initiative when dealing with slow-growing trees such as juniper.
Incorporating Biogeographical Principles in Horticulture :
Authors: Krigas Nikos , Panagiotidou Marina , Maloupa Eleni
Published: December 2020

The design and creation of the Ionian Islands Unique Rock Garden (IIURG), an innovative plant display in Thessaloniki, Greece, is described. This includes seven naturalistic rock gardens hosting twenty-two plant taxa of conservation priority. The unique nature of the IIURG is based on two features: the emulation of the natural geographic characteristics of the Ionian Islands (Greece) and the integration of the endemic elements of the islands’ native flora, focusing on the biogeographical significance of each. In this way, the IIURG represents an innovative concept in the horticulture of botanic gardens which embodies the natural biogeography and its basic concepts such as ‘islands’, ‘native’ and ‘endemism’. In aesthetic terms the garden looks like a natural sculpture and functions as a focal point. It is a carefully constructed plant display using environmentally sustainable principles with low levels of maintenance and irrigation required. The aim is that the IIURG should be used as a useful tool for awareness-raising on the conservation of prioritised plants.
Cavendishia Lindl.
Authors: Conlon Tony
Published: December 2020

This paper provides an introduction to some of the plants of the genus Cavendishia Lindl. [Ericaceae] grown under glass at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and their collection from the wild with notes on cultivation. An overview of specimens currently held in the Herbarium at Edinburgh (E) is also included.
Reproductive Biology, Morphological Taxonomy, Biogeography and Molecular Phylogeny of Aglaia Lour. (Meliaceae)
Authors: Pannell Caroline M
Published: December 2020

The molecular revolution has given us new opportunities to explore species relationships, evolution and historical biogeography. It is at its most powerful when combined with studies of the living plants in the field and information gleaned from the many thousands of herbarium specimens that go into preparing comprehensive taxonomic revisions.For the genus Aglaia, a genus of more than 100 species, morphological, distributional and biological information has been combined with the history of plate tectonics in the Indo-Malayan Australasian Archipelago, molecular phylogenies and historical biogeographical analyses. Hypotheses for the origin, expansion and species radiation since its origin c. 24 million years ago have been proposed. The tribe Aglaieae was the first monophyletic plant group for which a fully resolved, fossil-dated phylogenetic tree was published. Subsequent studies of some other groups of plants and animals have revealed similar patterns of dispersal, establishment and radiation in the region. The comprehensive nature of the research carried out on this medium-sized genus of tropical rain forest trees has contributed and continues to contribute to an understanding of the Sunda-Sahul floristic interchange and the species radiation that follows dispersal between these continental shelves.The genus is found mainly in lowland tropical rain forests from the Western Ghats of India to Samoa and from southern China to tropical Australia, with its greatest diversity in Malesia. In SE Asia section Aglaia is dispersed by mammals, especially greater and lesser apes (orang-utan, siamang and gibbons). This section of the genus has diversified in New Guinea without its primate dispersers and with no obvious alternative disperser. No marsupial is known to be an efficient seed-disperser. The other two sections of the genus, section Amoora and section Neoaglaia, are bird-dispersed. The coastal and estuarine species, Aglaia cucullata, almost certainly sometimes survives a sea journey. This may partly explain its morphological uniformity over a wide geographical area, from Bangladesh to New Guinea.
Bogor Botanic Gardens
Authors: Ariati Siti Roosita , Widyatmoko Didik
Published: December 2020

Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) was established in 1817 and is the oldest botanic garden in South East Asia. The garden has long been a centre for scientific research and has been the founding institution of a number of other research centres in Indonesia, particularly in the life sciences. The garden initially covered 47 ha but has expanded over the years and is now 87 ha. It has evolved over its 200-year history from a collection of economically valuable plants to the multi-faceted institute it is today, undertaking activities in plant conservation, research, education, ecotourism and environmental services. In recent years, it has strengthened its role in plant conservation through the establishment of 32 new botanic gardens across Indonesia. These new gardens are managed by local government and universities and supervised by BBG. In its bicentenary year, 2017, BBG organised a number of activities, programmes and celebrations and these are highlighted in thisarticle.
'Friends in Pots'
Authors: MacKintosh Elspeth
Published: December 2020

A method of growing bulbous species with stones as companions to small bulbs is described and illustrated. Statistics for the number of taxa in the ten largest genera in the bulb collection at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh are provided.
Recreation of the Edinburgh Potato Solanum ×Edinense Berthault
Authors: Sanchez-Ganfornina Diego , Coleman Max , Tapson Jan , Sutherland Liz
Published: December 2020

Solanum ×edinense Berthault, is a spontaneously occurring hybrid between S. demissum Lindl. and the cultivated potato, S. tuberosum L., found near potato fields in Mexico. Although not described until 1911, this hybrid was in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh shortly after the Irish Potato Famine of 1845–1849 and proved to be highly resistant to late blight, Phytophthora infestans. In the mid-19th century late blight caused widespread failure of the potato crop across Europe and played a central role in the Irish Potato Famine. Using the parent species in controlled crosses we have recreated the hybrid that was named by Berthault in recognition of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh as the source of his plant material. We have also researched the early history of this hybrid potato in Edinburgh and demonstrated disease resistance through field exposure during the outbreak of late blight in Edinburgh in 2019. This work underlines the important role of this hybrid in the breeding of disease resistant potato cultivars.
Influence of cholecystectomy on heart condition, lipid metabolism and inflammation activity
Authors:   The Danylo Halytsky National Medical University in Lviv, Strilchuk L.M.
Published: December 2020

Aim. Gallbladder disorders and ischemic heart disease share common etiopathogenetic factors of development and influence each other. Literature describes dependence of clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease on gallbladder condition, and improvement of heart condition after cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to compare features of the heart condition, lipid metabolism parameters, inflammation activity, and their correlations in patients with ischemic heart disease after cholecystectomy and with different gallbladder conditions. Materials and Methods. We analyzed data of 197 patients with ischemic heart disease (namely, stable and unstable angina pectoris), which were diagnosed and treated according to the existing guidelines. These patients were divided into 6 groups: with intact gallbladder; with sludge, bile thickening, polyps, and cholesterosis; with bent gallbladder body and its deformations; with gallbladder neck deformations and signs of past cholecystitis; with cholelithiasis; and after cholecystectomy. Results and Discussion. It was revealed that cholecystectomy in chronic subtypes of ischemic heart disease was associated with minimal frequency of arrhythmias, and in acute subtypes - with maximal frequency. Structural and functional parameters of the heart were the best in patients with a history of cholecystectomy. This was reflected in the smallest sizes of the right ventricle (2.31 cm), the left atrium (3.95 cm), and the left ventricle (4.92 cm), along with the smallest thickness of the interventicular septum (1.14 cm) and the posterior wall of the left ventricle (1.11 cm). The patients with removed gallbladder were characterized by the lowest values of total cholesterol (4.41 mmol/L), triglycerides (1.37 mmol/L), cholesterol of low density lipoproteins (2.61 mmol/L) and the atherogenic index of plasma (2.77) among all the groups with different gallbladder condition. All the parameters were lower than the parameters of intact gallbladder group. Both Castellі indexes after cholecystectomy were lower than in the group with intact gallbladder. Conclusions. The patients with a history of cholecystectomy were characterized by better parameters of lipid metabolism than patients of the other groups with different gallbladder conditions. The cholecystectomy group was characterized by the lowest inflammation activity according to the band neutrophils count (1.77%), the neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (3.01), and the total fibrinogen level (4.03 g/L). Key words: ischemic heart disease, cholecystectomy, echocardiography, gallbladder, lipidogram
Effect of albumin on indicators of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis in combination with obesity
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Virstiuk N.H. , Matkovska N.R. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to study the effect of albumin on the indicators of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with ACL in combination with obesity. Material and Methods. The study included 52 patients with ACL in combination with obesity (confirmed before the onset of ascites) with the first-onset uncomplicated ascites of grade 2-3, 46 men and 6 women aged 35 to 59 years; 32 patients were diagnosed with Child-Pugh score of class B, and 20 with Child-Pugh score of class C. Depending on the treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I included 26 patients who received albumin 40.0 g/week in combination therapy for 2 weeks of inpatient treatment, and 20.0 g/week for 12 weeks of outpatient treatment, followed by a maintenance dose of 20.0 g/month (10.0 g/2 weeks) for 12 weeks; Group II included 26 patients who received basic therapy without albumin. The control group was comprised of 20 virtually healthy donors. The patients' condition, indicators of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were assessed before treatment, 12 and 24 weeks after the treatment onset. Results and Discussion. Within 24 weeks, all patients in both groups remained alive. In obese patients with ACL, the inclusion in the complex therapy of long-term use of albumin helps to improve the course of the disease according to the Child-Pugh score. The use of albumin in the complex treatment of patients with ACL in combination with obesity during 12 weeks helps to reduce the systemic inflammatory process in terms of hs-CRP and TNFa and to reduce endothelial dysfunction in terms of ADMA and IAP-1. The use of maintenance albumin therapy helps to stabilize the process with a tendency for further reduction of the indicators of CRP, TNFa, ADMA and IAP-1. Increased systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are reported in patients who did not receive long-term albumin therapy. Conclusions. The use of albumin at a dose of 20.0 g/week during 12 weeks of outpatient treatment helps to improve the course of ALC in combination with obesity according to the Child-Pugh score, along with a decrease in systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The use of maintenance therapy with albumin of 20.0 g/month during 12 weeks helps to stabilize the patient's condition with a tendency to further reduction of the incidence of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Key words: alcoholic liver disease; liver cirrhosis; obesity; inflammation; endothelial dysfunction
Awareness of teachers at preschool educational institutions about the issues concerning visual impairments prevention in childhood
Authors:   National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Medvedovska N.V. , Malyshevska Y.M. ,   National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Denysiuk L.I. ,   Kyiv Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital "Eye Microsurgery Center"
Published: December 2020

The aim of our study was to examine awareness of preschool teachers in Ukraine about the manifestations of visual impairment in childhood, as well as their willingness to participate in preventive measures. Materials and Methods. Results of a sociological survey conducted among preschool teachers in Ukraine (4712 questionnaires). Methods of sociological research and medical statistics were used. Results and Discussion. The majority of respondents (87.97±0.47%) believe that a preschool worker mustpossess knowledge about the signs of visual impairment in children; 85.97±0.51% are familiar with the hygienic norms on visual load in childhood and promptly and continuously inform children about the risk of eye diseases and injuries. A vast majority (89.03±0.46%) of respondents noted the presence of medical professionals (nurses) at the institution where they work, whose functions include preventive work. In case of a visual impairment in a child, the teachers of preschool educational institutions would rather entrust supervision of the child's visual function to a pediatric ophthalmologist, and much less often to a pediatrician or a family doctor. Conclusions. A large-scale Ukraine-wide survey of preschool teachers revealed the lack of their awareness about the problems of preserving vision in childhood. The majority of respondents support the expediency of conducting regular inspections of visual functions, and the possible introduction of the state prevention programs to preserve vision in childhood. Key words: visual impairment, children, preschool educators
O metabolismo de apolipoproteínas e lipoproteínas na doença de Parkinson
Authors: Milchareck Andressa , Blembeel Amanda Stolzenberg , Dani Caroline , Funchal Cláudia
Published: December 2020

Revisar os recentes avanços sobre o estudo do metabolismo de apolipoproteínas e lipoproteínas e sua associação na Doença de Parkinson (DP), a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais comum que afeta principalmente a população idosa. Foi realizada uma revisão literária através de artigos científicos das bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus e Scielo. A seleção dos artigos considerou aqueles mais relevantes de acordo com a abrangência do tema proposto, de forma não sistemática. Foram selecionados 24 artigos entre 2010 a 2018 que discutiam DP com metabolismo de apolipoproteínas e lipoproteínas. Apoliproteinas e lipoproteínas podem contribuir como biomarcadores para o desenvolvimento, progressão e diagnóstico de DP, entretanto estudos adicionais são necessários para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos na associação entre o metabolismo e o risco da doença.
Komunikasi Pembangunan Partisipatif Pada Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Papua
Authors: Sulistiani Indah
Published: December 2020

Program pemberdayaan masyarakat di Papua akan berlangsung dengan baik manakala dalam pelaksaannya didukung oleh partisipasi masyarakat secara aktif, dimana masyarakat sebagai pelaksana sekaligus penikmat dari hasil-hasil pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauhmana partisipasi masyarakat dalam program pemberdayaan melalui komunikasi yang efektif dan bersinergi dengan pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan masyarakat. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Jayapura dan Kabupaten Jayapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat komunikasi partiispatif dari analisis SEM menunjukkan nilai koefisien pengaruh positif dengan angka standarized loading factor sebesar 0,20. Artinya bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat komunikasi partisipatif akan semakin meningkatkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam memberdayakan dirinya.
Work of medical and nutritional healthcare facilities in Leningrad (January – April 1942)
Authors: Tverdyukova Elena Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

The hierarchy of food supply in besieged Leningrad is one of the most polemical questions in historiography. The subject of this research is the measures taken by the city administration during the first winter of blockade (1941-1942) aimed at maintenance of vitality of Leningraders who were highly valued for economy of the city or regarded as creative elite of the city. The goal consists in clarification of facts on the work of medical and nutritional inpatient facilities intended for persons suffering from dystrophy, including municipal inpatient facility for emaciated workers of science, technology, art and executive personnel, located the Hotel Astoria. The work of medical and nutritional inpatient facilities in the period from January to April of 1942 had not previously become the subject of separate research for national or foreign historians. The conducted research demonstrate that the establishment of such healthcare facilities was the first attempt to organize food supply for citizens suffering from dystrophy. In the conditions of severe shortage of food resources, the city administration was able to help only a limited circle of people. Working in the extreme conditions with no electricity, water, shortage of qualified medical personnel, limited food funds, medical and nutritional inpatient facilities were could not fully solve the tasks imposed on them.
Eastern policy of Mengu-Timur (1266-1282)
Authors: Antonov Igor' Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The object of this research is the political history of the Ulus of Jochi as a part of the Great Mongol Empire. The subject of this is the Eastern policy of Mengu-Timur – the 6th ruler of the Ulus of Jochi (1266-1282). The author examines such aspects of the topic as the relationship of Mengu-Timur with the rulers of the uluses of Hulagu – Abaga, Chagatay – Borak, Ugedei – Kaidu, decisions made by the representatives of the uluses of Jochi, Chagatay and Ugedei in Talas Kurultai. Special attention is given to the analysis of relationship between Mengu-Timur and the ruler of the Central Ulus of Kublai, who founded the Yuan Empire. Comparative analysis is conducted on the written sources and scientific works on the topic. The sequence of events is reconstructed in chronological order. The author agrees with his predecessors that Mengu-Timur became the first sovereign ruler of the Ulus of Jochi. The scientific novelty consists in the conclusion that entitlement of Mengu-Timur as independent monarch was not a decision of Talas Kurultai. In Talas Kurultai in 1269 Kaidu was recognized as the leader of the right wing of the Mongol Empire, which included the Ulus of Jochi, Chagatay and Ugedei. The relations with the Great Khan in Kurultai were not settled, and the independence of uluses was not proclaimed. In the early 1370s, Mengu-Timur was named qayan, i.e. the supreme ruler above the khan. In 1277, Kublai's sons Numugan and Kukju were caught by the rebels, who sent them to Mengu-Timur. He did not support the rebels, but kept the son of Kublai. Since that moment, Mengu-Timur did was not subordinate to Kublai or Haidu, did not interfere into the conflict between them, restraining both of them from military clashes. Although Mengu-Timur maintained peaceful relations with other uluses, he was qayan title was not recognized.