bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Induction of Hypertrophic Chondrocyte Differentiation of Naïve MSCs by Strain
Authors: Jörimann Thomas , Füllemann Priscilla , Jose Anita , Matthys Romano , Wehrle Esther , Stoddart Martin J. , Verrier Sophie
Published: December 2024

In the context of bone fractures, the influence of the mechanical environment on the healing outcome is widely accepted, while its influence at the cellular level is still poorly understood. This study explores the influence of mechanical load on naïve mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, focusing on hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. Unlike primary bone healing, which involves the direct differentiation of MSCs into bone-forming cells, endochondral ossification uses an intermediate cartilage template that remodels into bone. A high-throughput uniaxial bioreactor system (StrainBot) was used to apply varying percentages of strain on naïve MSCs encapsulated in GelMa hydrogels. This research shows that cyclic uniaxial compression alone directs naïve MSCs towards a hypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype. This was demonstrated by increased cell volumes and reduced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production, along with an elevated expression of hypertrophic markers such as MMP13 and Type X collagen. In contrast, Type II collagen, typically associated with resting chondrocytes, was poorly detected under mechanical loading alone conditions. The addition of chondrogenic factor TGFβ1 in the culture medium altered these outcomes. TGFβ1 induced chondrogenic differentiation, as indicated by higher GAG/DNA production and Type II collagen expression, overshadowing the effect of mechanical loading. This suggests that, under mechanical strain, hypertrophic differentiation is hindered by TGFβ1, while chondrogenesis is promoted. Biochemical analyses further confirmed these findings. Mechanical deformation alone led to a larger cell size and a more rounded cell morphology characteristic of hypertrophic chondrocytes, while lower GAG and proteoglycan production was observed. Immunohistology staining corroborated the gene expression data, showing increased Type X collagen with mechanical strain. Overall, this study indicates that mechanical loading alone drives naïve MSCs towards a hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation path. These insights underscore the critical role of mechanical forces in MSC differentiation and have significant implications for bone healing, regenerative medicine strategies and rehabilitation protocols.
Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning Guided Discovery of NLRP3 Inhibitors Towards the Effective Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ilyas Sidra , Manan Abdul , Park Chanyoon , Jo Hee-Geun , Lee Donghun
Published: December 2024

The NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by activating inflammatory cytokines such as IL1β and IL18. Targeting NLRP3 has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for RA. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach combining machine learning, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, structure–activity landscape index (SALI), docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area MM/PBSA assays was employed to identify novel NLRP3 inhibitors. The ChEMBL database was used to retrieve compounds with known IC50 values to train machine learning (ML) models using the Lazy Predict package. After data pre-processing, 401 non-redundant structures were selected for exploratory data analysis (EDA). PubChem and MACCS fingerprints were used to predict the inhibitory activities of the compounds. SALI was used to identify structurally similar compounds with significantly different biological activities. The compounds were docked using MOE to assess their binding affinities and interactions with key residues in NLRP3. The models were evaluated, and a comparative analysis revealed that the ensemble Random Forest (RF) model (PubChem fingerprints) with RMSE (0.731), R2 (0.622), and MAPE (8.988) and bootstrap aggregating model (MACCS fingerprints) with RMSE (0.687), R2 (0.666), and MAPE (9.216) on the testing set performed well, in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. Out of all docked compounds, the two most promising compounds (ChEMBL5289544 and ChEMBL5219789) with binding scores of −7.5 and −8.2 kcal/mol were further investigated by MD to evaluate their stability and dynamic behavior within the binding site. MD simulations (200 ns) revealed strong structural stability, flexibility, and interactions in the selected complexes. MM/PBSA binding free energy calculations revealed that van der Waals and electrostatic forces were the key drivers of the binding of the protein with ligands. The outcomes obtained can be used to design more potent and selective NLRP3 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as RA. However, concerns related to the lack of large datasets, experimental validation, and high computational costs remain.
Acute Neurotoxicity in Children Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma: A 10-Year Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Kranjčec Izabela , Rajačić Nada , Janjić Tamara , Kukuruzović Monika , Jadrijević-Cvrlje Filip , Pavlović Maja , Roganović Jelena
Published: December 2024

Background: Recent advances in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) management provide higher survival rates at the cost of increased toxicities. Acute neurotoxicity affects up to 10% of patients, requiring rapid recognition and treatment. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed to determine the frequency, clinical manifestations, radiological characteristics, treatment options and outcome of acute neurological adverse events in pediatric patients with lymphoid malignancies at the Department of Oncology and Hematology, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, Croatia. Results: A total of 56 patients (48 ALL and 8 LL, male/female ratio 1:1, average age 5.4 years) were treated mainly according to the ALL-IC BFM 2009 protocol. The B-immunophenotype was the most frequent (85.7%). Most patients were stratified to the intermediate risk group (39.3%), and two were initially diagnosed with central nervous system infiltration. Acute neurotoxic events were registered in 11 patients (19.6%), most commonly in the 6–10-year age group (66.7%), predominately in females (72.7%) and high-risk group (54.5%). The most frequent clinical presentation was seizures (83.3%), with status epilepticus in four cases. We detected electroencephalogram (EEG) irregularities in almost all patients and various morphological changes in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), most often consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and leukoencephalopathy. Approximately half the patients received prolonged antiepileptic therapy. No apparent residual neurologic manifestations have been observed. Conclusions: Acute neurotoxicity is a rather frequent treatment-related adverse event, associated with high-risk disease. Early recognition and timely management are essential for rapid recovery and optimal outcomes.
Should We Adopt Increased Dilutions for Indirect Immunofluorescence in Pediatric Anti-Centromere Antibody Testing? Insights from a Three-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Soylu Mehmet , Taşkın Raziye Burcu , Aytaç Gülçin , Aksu Güzide , Durmaz Seyfi , Karakoyun Miray , Sertöz Şaziye Rüçhan
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in pediatric populations, due to their diverse presentations and overlapping symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic concordance between indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) at different dilution levels (1/80 and 1/640) and immunoblot findings for anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positivity. Additionally, the clinical significance of ACA positivity and its association with SARDs in pediatric patients was assessed. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 58 pediatric patients evaluated for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) testing at Ege University Hospital from 2019 to 2021. IIF was performed using HEp-20-10 cells and immunoblot testing was conducted to assess CENP-B reactivity. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, correspondence analysis, and regression modeling to explore the relationship between IIF titers, immunoblot findings, and SARD diagnoses. Results: Among the patients, 62.1% were diagnosed with SARD. Higher IIF titers (≥1/640) were strongly associated with CENP-B 3+ immunoblot positivity, while lower titers (1/80 and 1/320) correlated with CENP-B 1+. Patients with IIF positivity at 1/80 were 15.89 times more likely to have SARD (p < 0.001). Correspondence analysis revealed significant associations between IIF dilution levels and immunoblot reactivity (χ2 = 37.574, p < 0.000). Gender and age were not significant predictors of SARD positivity. Conclusions: This study highlights the diagnostic value of higher IIF dilution levels (≥1/640) in improving ACA detection and SARD diagnosis in pediatric patients. Incorporating complementary diagnostic tools, such as immunoblot testing, can enhance diagnostic accuracy. These findings support adopting higher IIF cutoff levels in clinical practice for pediatric populations.
Plasma Citrulline in the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Celiac Disease
Authors: Pascual Pérez Alicia Isabel , Larrea Tamayo Elene , Jiménez Treviño Santiago , González Jiménez David , Pérez Solís David , Molinos Norniella Cristina , Díaz Martín Juan José
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Citrulline, an amino acid produced by small bowel enterocytes, has been proposed as a potential marker of intestinal absorptive capacity. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether measuring citrulline levels could be useful for celiac disease (CD) patients, both at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. Methods: A multicenter prospective study was conducted. Citrulline levels were measured and compared in 93 pediatric patients classified into three groups. Group A: 28 patients with newly diagnosed CD. In this group, an additional measurement was performed after 3–6 months on a gluten-free diet (GFD). Group B: 32 patients with a prior CD diagnosis and on a GFD for at least 6 months. Group C: 33 healthy controls. Citrulline levels were correlated with clinical and laboratory variables, including serological markers. Statistical analysis: t-tests for paired groups and independent groups, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results: Newly diagnosed CD patients had lower citrulline levels compared to those on a GFD for more than 6 months (27.13 vs. 32.42 µmol/L; p > 0.05). Citrulline levels were nearly identical between healthy controls and CD patients on a GFD for more than 6 months (32.48 vs. 32.42 µmol/L; p > 0.05). Starting a GFD led to a significant increase in citrulline levels in group A (from 27.13 to 37.43 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Plasma citrulline could serve as a valuable marker for mucosal recovery in the follow-up of diagnosed celiac patients adhering to a GFD.
Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and a Predictive Analysis of Quality Markers
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Ji Peng , Li Chenchen , Wu Fanlin , Hua Yongli , Wei Yanming , Cao Yuxia
Published: December 2024

Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) is widely used in respiratory disease control as an important heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine. It effectively clears away heat and toxins, eliminates carbuncles, and drains pus, and it is diuretic and detoxicating. The aim of this study is to review the botany, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and quality control of H. cordata to establish a better-quality evaluation system. Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and multiple databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data, were searched. A structural diagram of the compound was drawn using ChemDraw software. H. cordata contains volatile oils, flavonoids, and alkaloids. It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunity-enhancing pharmacological effects. By analyzing the literature, it was predicted that Houttuynia sodium, methyl nonyl ketone, quercetin, and quercitrin could be used as the quality markers (Q-marker) of H. cordata. This provides a basis for further research into the applications of H. cordata.
User-Driven Climate Resilience Across Southern European Regions
Authors: Xekalakis Georgios , Lopez Patricia Molina , Ruiz Manuel Argamasilla , Tötzer Tanja , Kaleta Patrick , Karystinakis Konstantinos , Moumtzidou Anastasia , Forjan Renata , Christou Petros , Anastasiou Christos , Pavone Venera , D’Angelo Gigliola , Solano Cobos Francisco , Bügelmayer-Blaschek Marianne , Boutsis Socrates , Vurnek Marija , Murano Ivan , Del Prete Paola , Kutschera Peter , Leonidis Dimitrios , Kazamia Evi , Warde Adam , Hawkes James , Colonna Pietro , Petruso Vincenzo , Russo Beniamino , Leone Mattia Federico , Schneider Martin , Hochebner Andrea , Zuccaro Giulio , Havlik Denis
Published: December 2024

This study presents the ClimEmpower framework, a user-driven approach to enhancing climate resilience across five climate-vulnerable regions in Southern Europe: Costa del Sol (Spain), Central Greece, the Troodos Mountains (Cyprus), Osijek-Baranja County (Croatia), and Sicily (Italy). The project employs a region-specific methodology that integrates climate risk assessments, stakeholder engagement through Communities of Practice (CoPs), and the development of innovative climate services tailored to local needs. These regions, characterized by unique environmental and socio-economic vulnerabilities, face shared hazards such as droughts, heatwaves, and floods, alongside region-specific challenges like salinization and biodiversity loss. ClimEmpower identifies critical gaps in high-resolution data, cross-sectoral collaboration, and capacity-building efforts, underscoring barriers to effective adaptation. This work aims to provide a foundational resource, offering a comprehensive overview of the current situation, including needs, gaps, priorities, and expectations across the target regions. By establishing this baseline, it facilitates future research and comparative analyses, contributing to the development of robust, region-specific resilience strategies. The ClimEmpower framework offers scalable and replicable solutions aligned with the European Green Deal’s climate resilience goals, advancing adaptation planning and providing actionable insights for broader European initiatives.
Changes in the Spatial Structure of Synchronization Connections in EEG During Nocturnal Sleep Apnea
Authors: Zhuravlev Maxim , Kiselev Anton , Orlova Anna , Egorov Evgeniy , Drapkina Oxana , Simonyan Margarita , Drozhdeva Evgenia , Penzel Thomas , Runnova Anastasiya
Published: December 2024

This study involved 72 volunteers divided into two groups according to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI): AHI>15 episodes per hour (ep/h) (main group, n=39, including 28 men, median AHI 44.15, median age 47), 0≤AHI≤15ep/h (control group, n=33, including 12 men, median AHI 2, median age 28). Each participant underwent polysomnography with a recording of 19 EEG channels. Based on wavelet bicoherence (WB), the magnitude of connectivity between all pairs of EEG channels in six bands was estimated: Df1 0.25;1, Df2 1;4, Df3 4;8, Df4 8;12, Df5 12;20, Df6 20;30 Hz. In all six bands considered, we noted a significant decrease in symmetrical interhemispheric connections in OSA patients. Also, in the main group for slow oscillatory activity Df1 and Df2, we observe a decrease in connection values in the EEG channels associated with the central interhemispheric sulcus. In addition, patients with AHI>15 show an increase in intrahemispheric connectivity, in particular, forming a left hemisphere high-degree synchronization node (connections PzT3, PzF3, PzFp1) in the Df2 band. When considering high-frequency EEG oscillations, connectivity in OSA patients again shows a significant increase within the cerebral hemispheres. The revealed differences in functional connectivity in patients with different levels of AHI are quite stable, remaining when averaging the full nocturnal EEG recording, including both the entire sleep duration and night awakenings. The increase in the number of hypoxia episodes correlates with the violation of the symmetry of interhemispheric functional connections. Maximum absolute values of correlation between the apnea–hypopnea index, AHI, and the WB synchronization strength are observed for the Df2 band in symmetrical EEG channels C3C4 (−0.81) and P3P4 (−0.77). The conducted studies demonstrate the possibility of developing diagnostic systems for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome without using signals from the cardiovascular system and respiratory activity.
Tribological Behavior of Gas-Nitrided 42CrMo4 Steel at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Panfil-Pryka Dominika , Kulka Michal , Kotkowiak Mateusz , Michalski Jerzy , Grochalski Karol
Published: December 2024

Nitriding is a well-known thermochemical treatment improving the surface hardness and the wear resistance of steel. The phase composition and growth kinetics of the nitrided layer can be controlled using a gas nitriding with changeable nitriding potential. In this work, such a gas nitriding was used to produce, on 42CrMo4 steel, the two nitrided layers differing in the thickness of compound zone and diffusion zone. The microstructure and nanohardness of these layers were studied. For the first time, the tribological behavior of gas nitrided layers at elevated temperatures (from 23 to 400 °C) was investigated. The compound zone consisted of ε + (ε + γ’) iron nitrides and, in the diffusion zone, the nitric sorbite with γ’ precipitates was observed. The highest nanohardness was measured in the ε + γ’ zone. The lowest values of friction coefficients were obtained if the contact surface of the friction pair entered the ε + γ’ zone. After the wear process, at a final temperature of 400 °C, worn surfaces showed only intensive abrasive wear, evidenced by shallow grooves. The increased oxygen content at the edges of wear tracks indicated possible oxidative wear.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Analysis of Structural Phases in TiO2 Sol–Gel Thin Films
Authors: Vasconcelos Helena Cristina , Meirelles Maria , Özmenteş Reşit , Korkut Abdulkadir
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the structural and electronic transitions of sol–gel derived titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy, to elucidate the impact of annealing-induced phase evolution. As the annealing temperature increased from 400 °C to 800 °C, the films transitioned from amorphous to anatase, mixed anatase–rutile, and finally rutile phases. VUV spectroscopy revealed distinct absorption features: a high-energy σ → π* transition below 150 nm, associated with bonding to antibonding orbital excitations, and lower-energy absorption bands in the range 175–180 nm and near 280 nm, attributed to π → π* and t2g(π) → t*2g(π*) transitions, respectively. These spectral features highlight the material’s intrinsic electronic states and defect-related transitions. A slight redshift of the absorption band from 176 nm to 177 nm with annealing reflects bandgap narrowing, attributed to increased rutile content, crystallite growth, and defect-induced effects. Broadening and additional absorption features around 280 nm were attributed to oxygen vacancies and reduced titanium oxidation states (Ti3⁺), as corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS further confirmed the presence of Ti3⁺ species and oxygen vacancies, providing complementary evidence of defect-mediated transitions observed in the VUV spectra. While complementary techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed phase transitions and the reduction of hydroxyl groups, respectively, VUV spectroscopy uniquely captured the dynamic interplay between structural defects, phase evolution, and optical properties. This study underscores the utility of VUV spectroscopy as a powerful tool for probing the electronic structure of TiO2 films, offering insights critical for tailoring their functional properties in advanced applications.
Microencapsulation Efficiency of DCOIT Biocide in the TPM/SiO2 System and a Study of Their Acute Toxicity
Authors: Issayeva Assem , Aidarova Saule , Madybekova Galiya , Turganbay Seitzhan , Babayev Alpamys , Issakhov Miras , Sharipova Altynay , Miller Reinhard , Mutaliyeva Botagoz
Published: December 2024

Biocides are often used in various industries and applications to control microbial growth and prevent the deterioration of materials, and they often have the ability to target a wide range of microorganisms rather than being specific to one type. They are designed to be highly effective at killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and some biocides have residual activity, meaning they remain active for a period of time after application, providing longer-term protection. Biocides need to be compatible with the materials and surfaces they are applied to without causing damage or adverse effects, and they should remain stable under various environmental conditions, such as temperature and pH, to maintain their efficacy over time. In this study, microcapsules incorporating the biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isotriazolin-3-one (DCOIT) were synthesized, and their effectiveness was evaluated. The investigation focused on several aspects, including colloidal chemical properties such as interfacial tension at pH values of 3, 7, and 9, as well as the size, ζ-potential, and morphology of the microcapsules. To validate the microcapsule production, elemental analysis was performed, and the effects on wettability and toxicological properties were assessed within the DCOIT + trimethoxysilyl propylmethacrylate/silicon dioxide nanoparticle system. Interfacial tension kinetics were measured using the PAT-1 tensiometer. The microcapsules exhibited an average diameter of 146 ± 1 nm following emulsification, with a ζ-potential of −50.2 ± 1 mV, as determined by the Malvern Zetasizer Nano Z. The morphology of the microcapsules was characterized using the SEM Controller 1550. Elemental composition was analyzed via energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX). The study concluded that the DCOIT biocide, when incorporated in the TPM/SiO2 system, demonstrated non-toxic properties.
Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Metabolites on Seborrheic Dermatitis and Acne-Related Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Meng Qingpeng , Xiao Ciying , Wang Zejian , Shang Yazhuo
Published: December 2024

The topical application of probiotic metabolites has shown positive effects in the treatment of skin diseases; however, the effectiveness is strain dependent. Comparing the pathogen inhibitory effects of probiotic strains with different genetic backgrounds and analyzing their key metabolites can provide insights about the potential of applying probiotics for skincare. In this study, we investigated the fermentation growth inhibition of 18 commercial probiotic strains on the skin pathogens Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) and Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in vitro. We found that most Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) strains exhibited strong inhibition of M. furfur and C. acnes, which lasted up to 100 h. The main antibacterial metabolites observed were molecules below 10,000 Da in molecular weight, including peptides and organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid). The synergistic effect of organic acid combinations lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The composition of these antimicrobial metabolites varied among strains, which demonstrated the strain-dependent pathogenic inhibitory effects. This study provides insights into the application potential of using probiotic metabolites against seborrheic dermatitis and acne-related pathogenic bacteria.
Numerical Simulation and Process Optimization of Laser Welding in 6056 Aluminum Alloy T-Joints
Authors: Peng Jin , Xie Shihua , Chen Tiejun , Wang Xingxing , Yu Xiaokai , Yang Luqiang , Ni Zenglei , Ling Zicheng , Yuan Zhipeng , Shi Jianjun , Yang Zhibin
Published: December 2024

This paper conducts a numerical simulation of the laser welding process for 6056 aluminum alloy stringers and skin T-joints using Simufact Welding. Initially, the accuracy of the finite element simulation is validated, followed by an exploration of the impact of bilateral asynchronous and bilateral synchronous laser welding on molten pool stability. Process parameters, including laser power, welding speed, fixture clamping force, and preheat temperature, are optimized through orthogonal testing. Furthermore, the influence of welding sequences on post-weld equivalent stress and deformation in three stringers’ T-joints is analyzed. The numerical simulation results indicate that the stability of the molten pool is superior in bilateral synchronous welding compared to asynchronous welding. Optimized process parameters were obtained through orthogonal testing, and subsequent experiments demonstrated that the welding sequence of welding both sides first, followed by the middle, produced lower post-weld equivalent stress and reduced overall joint deformation.
Effect of Al and Ta Impurities on Si Adsorption on (001) and (111) Surfaces of B1-TiN
Authors: Koroteev Yury M. , Svyatkin Leonid A. , Ognev Sergey O. , Silkin Vyacheslav M.
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, the application of protective multicomponent coatings based on hard metal nitrides is increasingly used to increase the resistance of structures and tools to wear, corrosion, and oxidation. In the present work, the multicomponent system Ti-Al-Ta-Si-N is studied, which has high hardness and crack resistance combined with thermal stability and oxidation resistance. The process of formation of the nanocrystalline structure of the coating during its deposition on materials plays a key role in the optimization of these properties. The nanocrystalline structure of the coating is formed due to Si impurity, which is poorly soluble in the Ti1−x−yAlxTayN system based on B1-TiN and segregates mainly along grain boundaries, forming grain boundary amorphous phases of SizN type. In order to find the optimal composition of multicomponent coatings with improved physical and mechanical properties, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of interaction of Si impurity with the surface of B1-TiN phase in the presence of Al and Ta substitutional impurities. In the present work, with the help of first-principles calculations of electronic and atomic structure of (001) and (111) surfaces of the Ti1−x−yAlxTayN system with adsorbed Si atom and the interatomic bond study apparatus based on the calculation of a crystal orbital Hamilton population and a crystal orbital bond index, the nature of the bonds between adsorbed Si and the N, Ti, Al, and Ta atoms of the Ti1−x−yAlxTayN surface system has been studied. It was found that the binding energy of Si with the Ti1−x−yAlxTayN surface system can be both higher and lower than the binding energy of its bonding with the surface of the binary TiN compound depending on the position of the Al and Ta substitution atoms in the surface layers. The Si bonding with the atoms of the Ti1−x−yAlxTayN surface is ionic–covalent in nature. It is shown that the Si-Ta interaction has the highest degree of covalency and strength, and the Si-Al interaction is predominantly ionic in most cases considered and is weaker than the Si-Ti and Si-N bonds. Impurity atoms of Al or Ta have very little effect on the Si-Ti and Si-N bonds due to the local nature of the bonds in the Ti1−x−yAlxTayN surface system with adsorbed silicon atoms.
Phase Composition, Surface Morphology, and Dielectric Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)–Cobalt Ferrite Composite Films Depending on Thickness
Authors: Vorontsov Pavel , Salnikov Vitalii , Savin Valerii , Vorontsov Stanislav , Omelyanchik Alexander , Shvets Petr , Panina Larissa , Ershov Petr , Rodionova Valeria
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the effect of polyvinylidene fluoride–CoFe2O4 (PVDF-CFO) composite film thickness on their supramolecular structure, phase composition, and dielectric properties. The composites were synthesized from PVDF with CFO nanoparticles using the Dr. Blade method to obtain film thicknesses ranging from 15 to 58 μm. The data obtained show that the thinner film (15 μm) has a higher β-phase content compared to the thicker films (58 μm), as confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that increasing film thickness within the studied range leads to the development of larger spherulitic structures and increased porosity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis also showed that thicker films have higher tensile strength due to their larger cross-sectional area, while thinner films exhibit lower elasticity. A more uniform microstructure and an increased electroactive phase in thin films result in increased permittivity, which is critical for PVDF-based sensors and energy devices.
Building a Genomics-Informed Nursing Workforce: Recommendations for Oncology Nursing Practice and Beyond
Authors: Limoges Jacqueline , Puddester Rebecca , Gretchev Andrea , Chiu Patrick , Calzone Kathy , Leslie Kathleen , Pike April , Letourneau Nicole
Published: December 2024

Background: Genomics is a foundational element of precision health and can be used to identify inherited cancers, cancer related risks, therapeutic decisions, and to address health disparities. However, there are structural barriers across the cancer care continuum, including an underprepared nursing workforce, long wait times for service, and inadequate policy infrastructure that limit equitable access to the benefits of genomic discoveries. These barriers have persisted for decades, yet they are modifiable. Two distinct waves of efforts to integrate genomics into nursing practice are analyzed. Drawing on research and observations during these waves, this discussion paper explores additional approaches to accelerate workforce development and health system transformation. Results: Three recommendations for a third wave of efforts to integrate genomics are explored. (1) Collaborate across the domains of nursing practice, professions, and sectors to reset priorities in response to emerging evidence, (2) Education in leadership, policy and practice for rapid scale-up of workforce and health system transformation, and (3) Create a research framework that generates evidence to guide nursing practice. Conclusions: Preparing nurses to lead and practice at the forefront of innovation requires concerted efforts by nurses in all five domains of practice and can optimize health outcomes. Leveraging nursing as a global profession with new strategies can advance genomics-informed nursing.
Understanding the Immune System and Biospecimen-Based Response in Glioblastoma: A Practical Guide to Utilizing Signal Redundancy for Biomarker and Immune Signature Discovery
Authors: Jackson Luke R. , Erickson Anna , Camphausen Kevin , Krauze Andra V.
Published: December 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary central nervous system malignancy with a median survival of 15–20 months. The presence of both intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity limits understanding of biological mechanisms leading to tumor resistance, including immune escape. An attractive field of research to examine treatment resistance are immune signatures composed of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers and cytokines. CD markers are surface markers expressed on various cells throughout the body, often associated with immune cells. Cytokines are the effector molecules of the immune system. Together, CD markers and cytokines can serve as useful biomarkers to reflect immune status in patients with GBM. However, there are gaps in the understanding of the intricate interactions between GBM and the peripheral immune system and how these interactions change with standard and immune-modulating treatments. The key to understanding the true nature of these interactions is through multi-omic analysis of tumor progression and treatment response. This review aims to identify potential non-invasive blood-based biomarkers that can contribute to an immune signature through multi-omic approaches, leading to a better understanding of immune involvement in GBM.
Laryngeal Cancer in Women: Unveiling Gender-Specific Risk Factors, Treatment Challenges, and Survival Disparities
Authors: Verro Barbara , Fiumara Simona , Saraniti Giuseppe , Saraniti Carmelo
Published: December 2024

Laryngeal cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a significantly higher prevalence among men than women. However, the incidence, clinical characteristics, and specific treatment of laryngeal cancer in women have often been overlooked by research. This review aims to examine gender differences in incidence, risk factors, hormonal mechanisms, survival, and therapeutic approaches for laryngeal cancer in women. Although smoking and alcohol remain the main risk factors, evidence suggests that women may be more vulnerable to the harmful effects of these behaviors, with a relative higher risk than men. In addition, hormonal factors such as estrogen may influence women’s susceptibility to laryngeal cancer, accelerating tumor growth and complicating treatment. Differences in treatment between the sexes, with women tending to receive less intensive treatment than men, is another crucial aspect that needs more attention. This article also analyses the disparities in survival, highlighting that women often have a better prognosis, although this trend varies according to demographic characteristics and the health system. The increasing incidence of laryngeal cancer in women requires increased research to fully understand risk factors and underlying biological mechanisms in order to develop more personalized treatments and optimize clinical outcomes for patients.
Implementation of a Hepatitis B Screening Program in Patients Receiving Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Leigh Jennifer , Mallick Ranjeeta , Brule Stephanie , Rambout Lisa , Newton Jennifer , Bossé Dominick , Cooper Curtis , Gotfrit Joanna
Published: December 2024

Cancer patients receiving non-endocrine therapies are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr). Guidelines recommend HBV screening prior to treatment. The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Center implemented a screening pilot for all patients receiving FOLFOX-based regimens between January and April 2023. We assessed the pilot from a quality improvement perspective. Charts were retrospectively reviewed, and patient and disease characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was to identify the proportion of patients who underwent HBV screening prior to treatment start. Univariate analyses assessed the association between baseline characteristics and failure to screen. Quality metrics were also reviewed. There were 32/42 patients (76.2%) who completed screening, and 5 (11.9%) had a positive screen. The majority of eligible patients (59.5%) completed screening prior to the first treatment as intended. Four of five patients who tested positive were referred to Infectious Diseases. Of those, one received antivirals for chronic HBV. There were no treatment delays due to pending screening and no HBV reactivation. Receipt of prior systemic therapy was significantly associated with failure to screen (55 vs. 95%, OR 17.1 (95% CI 1.92–153), p = 0.011). The results of this pilot highlight the importance of building HBV screening into standardized treatment plans and engaging all team members to ensure high levels of screening. Prior systemic therapy receipt was associated with failure to screen, and thus, programs should include education on the necessity of screening as recommended by medical guidelines.
The Immune Landscape and Its Potential for Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Santoso Andry , Levink Iris , Pihlak Rille , Chau Ian
Published: December 2024

Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are a highly heterogeneous group of cancers at the genomic, epigenetic and molecular levels. The vast majority of patients initially present at an advanced (unresectable) disease stage due to a lack of symptoms and an aggressive tumour biology. Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment in patients with advanced BTC but the survival outcomes and prognosis remain poor. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to chemotherapy have shown only a marginal benefit over chemotherapy alone due to the complex tumour immune microenvironment of these cancers. This review appraises our current understanding of the immune landscape of advanced BTC, including emerging transcriptome-based classifications, highlighting the mechanisms of immune evasion and resistance to ICI and their therapeutic implications. It describes the shifting treatment paradigm from traditional chemotherapy to immunotherapy combinations as well as the potential biomarkers for predicting response to ICI.
Minisatellite Isolation and Minisatellite Molecular Marker Development in Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck
Authors: Alexandrov Oleg S. , Romanov Dmitry V.
Published: December 2024

Minisatellites are widespread tandem DNA repeats in the genome with a monomer length of 10 to 100 bp. The high variability of minisatellite loci makes them attractive for the development of molecular markers. Minisatellites are used as markers according to three strategies: marking of digested genomic DNA with minisatellite-based probes; amplification with primers based on the sequences of the minisatellites themselves; amplification with primers designed for borders upstream and downstream of the minisatellite locus. In this study, a microsatellite dataset was obtained from the analysis of the Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck genome using Tandem Repeat Finder (TRF) and GMATA software. The minisatellite loci found were used to develop molecular markers that were tested in GMATA using electronic PCR (e-PCR). The obtained dataset includes sequences of extracted minisatellites and their characteristics (start and end nucleotide positions on the chromosome, length of monomer, number of repetitions and length of array), as well as sequences of developed primers, expected lengths of amplicons, and e-PCR results. The presented dataset can be used for the marking of lemon samples according to any of the three strategies. It provides a useful basis for lemon variety certification, identification of samples, verification of collections, lemon genome mapping, saturation of already created maps, studying of the lemon genome architecture etc.
Synthetic Dataset for Analyzing Geometry-Dependent Optical Properties of All-Pass Micro-Ring Resonators
Authors: Valencia-Garzon Sebastian , Gonzalez-Valencia Esteban , Gómez-Cardona Nelson , Calvo-Salcedo Andres , Jaramillo-Villegas J. A. , Montoya-Cardona Jorge , Reyes-Vera Erick
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the analysis of the spectral response of all-pass micro-ring resonators (MRRs), which are essential in photonic device applications such as telecommunications, sensing, and optical frequency comb generation. The aim of this work is to generate a synthetic dataset that explores the spectral characteristics of the expected transmission spectra of MRRs by varying their structural parameters. Using numerical simulations, the dataset will allow the optimization of MRR performance metrics such as free spectral range (FSR), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and quality factor (Q-factor). The results confirm that variations in geometric configurations can significantly affect MRR performance, and the dataset provides valuable insights into the optimization process. Furthermore, machine learning techniques can be applied to the dataset to automate and improve the design process, reducing simulation times and increasing accuracy. This work contributes to the development of photonic devices by providing a broad dataset for further analysis and optimization.
Post-Diagnostic Aspirin Use in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Survival Outcomes with Trial Sequential Analysis Validation
Authors: Chen Po-Huang , Yang Tung-Lung , Jhou Hong-Jie , Lee Hsu-Lin , Dai Ming-Shen
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Aspirin, an affordable anti-inflammatory drug, may have anticancer effects, but its impact on survival outcomes after breast cancer diagnosis remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the role of post-diagnostic aspirin use in breast cancer management. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Twenty studies involving 141,251 participants were included. Survival outcomes assessed were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and breast cancer-specific mortality. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to evaluate the sufficiency of cumulative evidence. Results: Post-diagnostic aspirin use was not significantly associated with DFS (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.69–1.11) or OS (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74–1.07). However, a significant reduction in breast cancer-specific mortality was observed (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.63–0.93). TSA confirmed that the evidence supporting this association is sufficient. Conclusions: Post-diagnostic aspirin use significantly reduces breast cancer-specific mortality, but it does not improve DFS or OS. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic role of aspirin in breast cancer management. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these results and determine optimal dosing regimens for post-diagnostic use.
Dynamic Prediction of Physical Exertion: Leveraging AI Models and Wearable Sensor Data During Cycling Exercise
Authors: Smiley Aref , Finkelstein Joseph
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to explore machine learning approaches for predicting physical exertion using physiological signals collected from wearable devices. Methods: Both traditional machine learning and deep learning methods for classification and regression were assessed. The research involved 27 healthy participants engaged in controlled cycling exercises. Physiological data, including ECG, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and pedal speed (RPM), were collected during these sessions, which were divided into eight two-minute segments. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also calculated to serve as a predictive indicator. We employed two feature selection algorithms to identify the most relevant features for model training: Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) for both classification and regression, and Univariate Feature Ranking for Classification. A total of 34 traditional models were developed using MATLAB’s Classification Learner App, utilizing 20% of the data for testing. In addition, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks were trained on the top features selected by the MRMR and Univariate Feature Ranking algorithms to enhance model performance. Finally, the MRMR-selected features were used for regression to train the LSTM model for predicting continuous outcomes. Results: The LSTM model for regression demonstrated robust predictive capabilities, achieving a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.8493 and an R-squared value of 0.7757. The classification models also showed promising results, with the highest testing accuracy reaching 89.2% and an F1 score of 91.7%. Conclusions: These results underscore the effectiveness of combining feature selection algorithms with advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning techniques for predicting physical exertion levels using wearable sensor data.
Improving Imitation Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the NAO Robot and a Human Action Recognition
Authors: Alnafjan Abeer , Alghamdi Maha , Alhakbani Noura , Al-Ohali Yousef
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disorders characterized by poor social skills, low motivation in activities, and a lack of interaction with others. Traditional intervention approaches typically require support under the direct supervision of well-trained professionals. However, teaching and training programs for children with ASD can also be enhanced by assistive technologies, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Methods: In this study, we examined whether robotics can improve the imitation skills of children with autism and support therapists during therapeutic sessions. We designed scenarios for training hand clapping imitation skills using the NAO robot and analyzed the interaction between children with autism and the robot. Results: We developed a deep learning approach based on the human action recognition algorithm for analyzing clapping imitation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that integrating robotics into therapeutic practices can effectively enhance the imitation skills of children with ASD, offering valuable support to therapists.
Air Particle Abrasion in Dentistry: An Overview of Effects on Dentin Adhesion and Bond Strength
Authors: Kui Andreea , Buduru Smaranda , Labuneț Anca , Sava Sorina , Pop Dalia , Bara Iris , Negucioiu Marius
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Air particle abrasion (APA) is a common surface preparation method in dentistry, particularly for improving bond strength to dentin. This review evaluates the influence of APA on dentin adhesion. Methods: A systematic literature search from 2018 to 2023 was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles investigating the effects of APA on dentin adhesion using different particle types, sizes and adhesive systems were included. Data extraction included particle size, air pressure, outcomes tested and failure modes. Results: Fourteen primary studies met the criteria. Bioactive glass showed higher bond strength and more cohesive failures than alumina. Alumina particles (50 μm) bonded effectively in etch-and-rinse adhesive systems but failed more often in self-etch systems. Silica-modified alumina and mixed abrasive systems showed improvements in bonding performance. Optimal APA parameters were identified as 50 μm particle size, 60 psi (4 bar) air pressure and 5 s exposure time. Longer exposure times provided no additional benefit. Self-etch systems showed reduced bond strength compared to etch-and-rinse systems. Conclusions: This review looks at how particle type, size and air pressure affect dentin adhesion. Bioactive glass is a superior material due to its bond strength and reduced cytotoxicity. The optimal APA parameters are 50 μm particle size, 60 psi and 5 s. Etch-and-rinse systems are recommended for optimal adhesion. Further research is required on APA protocols and long-term durability.