bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polémica: do posicionamento à referenciação, passando pelas emoções
Authors: Gil Isabel Fuzeta
Published: October 2022

In this article we analyse the enunciative-pragmatic and rhetorical strategies that globally shape discourses in the context of a polemical discursive event, drawing on Amossy’s (2014) definition of polemics. From a corpus consisting of transcripts of debates in the Assembly of the Republic and press texts between 2018 and 2021, we approach, from an argumentative, rhetorical and pragmatic-discursive perspective, the global configuration of discourses that have euthanasia as their object. Euthanasia emerges as a source of polemic in the context of the discussion of several bills aimed at its legalization in parliament.

In a particularly agonistic context raised from the outset by the topic at the core of the debate, one of the objectives of this analysis cannot but analyse the referentiation of the way concept of “euthanasia”: the various ways of referencing are one of the rhetorical-argumentative and discursive strategies that comes to the fore, given the role of implicitations, beliefs and common knowledge in the addressee’s response.

The referentiation of the discursive object 'euthanasia' is therefore of particular interest, since it mirrors an axiological hierarchy of values, encyclopedic knowledge, doxal voices supporting different ideological positions, particularly in an agonal discourse around eventual decisions with (bio)ethical, religious and sociological implications. For the analysis of the referentiation of 'euthanasia' and other terms associated with it, revealing different positions and points of view, we rely on studies by Angenot (2014), Sitri (2003, 2004), Mondada (2002), amongst others.

Closely connected with the conceptualization of “euthanasia”, one finds discursive traces of pathemization contributing to the ultimate purpose of the speakers' macro-illocutionary act. Since nowadays it is widely accepted that discourse has an emotional (or pathemic, according to Charaudeau) aspect, our objective is also to observe how emotions are interwoven — and justified — in the thread of discourses.

Given the controversial nature of the topic under discussion, we found that the discourse(s) are the target of a process of pathemization and spectacularization (Charaudeau, 2000, 2005). The appeal to emotions, in particular to pity / compassion, is imbricated in the logos, in such a way that the dimension of pathos is intended to be validated and justified (Micheli, 2008, 2010). On the other hand, the "good reasons" (Plantin, 2011) at the base of the pathemic dimension of the discourse are indelibly linked to the construction of an ethos favorable to the Speaker and the capture of the addressee and a vast group auditorium.

In the wake of Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1980), we are interested in analyzing the marks of polemicity that translate into enunciative-pragmatic strategies summoned as a support for the argumentative activity.

We thus resume some aspects in the analysis of polemics already addressed in Gil (2013, 2017, 2021).
PEMAHAMAN GURU BK TENTANG TEKNIK HIPNOKONSELING
Authors: Asni Asni
Published: October 2022

Hipnokonseling adalah salah satu teknik dalam bimbingan konseling untuk  membantu individu menyelesaiakan permasalahan secara efektif dan  efisien yang memfungsikan pikiran bawah sadarnya. Hal ini sangat dibutuhkan di zaman yang perkembangannya semakit pesat dan serba istan yang menjadikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh individu juga semakin komplit. Oleh karena itu, guru BK dituntut untuk dapat memamhami dan mengimplementasikan hipnokonseling dalam pemberian layanan bimbingan konseling di sekolah. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru BK tentang teknik hipnokonseling melalui program pelatihan. Pengabdian dilakukan pada guru BK  SMA/SMK/MA sederajat sekecamatan Ciracas berjumlah 24 orang. Pelaksanaan program pengabdian masyarakat ini terdiri atas tiga tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap sosialisasi, dan tahap pelatihan. Pendekatan yang drigunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah  eksperimen dengan One-group Pretest-posttest design. pengumpulan data meggunaka tes pemahaman hipnokonseling. Pengolahan data menggunkan analisis statistic nonparametric dengan teknik Wilcoxon dengan memanfaatkan program SPSS versi 20. Adapun temuan pengabdian secara umum menunjukkan pemahaman guru BK  tentang hipnokonseling sebelum diberikan treatment  sebesar 50% pada kategori rendah setelah diberikan treatment berupa pelatihan sebesar 82% pada kategori tinggi, dapatdipahau bahwa pemahaman guru BK terkait teknik hipnokonseling mengalami peningkatan. berdasarkan hasil pengabdian ini diharpakan kepada guru BK meningkatkann kemampuannya hipnokonseling dengan mengimpimentasikan ke dalam layanan yang diberikan.
Edukasi Kemanan Pangan dan Sertifikat Produksi Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (SPP-IRT) UMKM di Kelurahan Wonotingal
Authors: RIZKAPRILISA WINDY
Published: October 2022

Penurunan kasus penyebaran Covid-19 di Indonesia di Tahun 2022, pemerintah mulai melakukan pemulihan sektor kesehatan, stabilitas keuangan, memperkuat ketahanan pangan nasional dan keamanan energi nasional. Munculnya perilaku new normal yaitu berproduktivitas dengan tetap menjaga pola hidup menjadi lebih bersih dan sehat dalam rangka menghindari dan memutus mata rantai penularannya.  Keamanan pangan juga menjadi perhatian dalam memilih makanan yang sehat dan bersih di massa pandemi ini. Perubahan perilaku masyarakat ini mempengaruhi sektor usaha mikro terutama di bidang pangan. Masih banyak para pelaku UMKM yang kurang menerapkan keamanan pangan dan kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai Sertifikat Produksi Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (SPP-IRT) dalam usaha mereka. Sertifikat Produksi Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (SPP-IRT) sangat diperlukan untuk memberi keamanan produk yang dimakan bagi para konsumen. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Wonotingal Semarang dengan tujuan mengedukasi pelaku UMKM mengenai kemanan pangan dan Sertifikat Produksi Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (SPP-IRT). Para pelaku UMKM Kelurahan Wonotingal Semarang dapat teredukasi dan dapat mengaplikasikannya dalam usahanya sehingga meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen dan meningkatnya pendapatan mereka. Selain itu, kegiatan ini juga dapat meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat dan kegiatan perekonomian di Kota Semarang di masa transisi pandemi Covid-19 ini.
Quantum approximate counting for Markov chains and collision counting
Authors: Gall Francois Le , Ng Iu-Iong
Published: October 2022

In this paper we show how to generalize the quantum approximate counting technique developed by Brassard, H{\o}yer and Tapp [ICALP 1998] to a more general setting: estimating the number of marked states of a Markov chain (a Markov chain can be seen as a random walk over a graph with weighted edges). This makes it possible to construct quantum approximate counting algorithms from quantum search algorithms based on the powerful ``quantum walk based search'' framework established by Magniez, Nayak, Roland and Santha [SIAM Journal on Computing 2011]. As an application, we apply this approach to the quantum element distinctness algorithm by Ambainis [SIAM Journal on Computing 2007]: for two injective functions over a set of $N$ elements, we obtain a quantum algorithm that estimates the number $m$ of collisions of the two functions within relative error $\epsilon$ by making $\tilde{O}\left(\frac{1}{\epsilon^{25/24}}\big(\frac{N}{\sqrt{m}}\big)^{2/3}\right)$ queries, which gives an improvement over the $\Theta\big(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\frac{N}{\sqrt{m}}\big)$-query classical algorithm based on random sampling when $m\ll N$.
Reconstructing Bayesian networks on a quantum annealer
Authors: Zardini Enrico , Rizzoli Massimo , Dissegna Sebastiano , Blanzieri Enrico , Pastorello Davide
Published: October 2022

Bayesian networks are widely used probabilistic graphical models, whose structure is hard to learn starting from the generated data. O'Gorman et al. have proposed an algorithm to encode this task, i.e., the Bayesian network structure learning (BNSL), into a form that can be solved through quantum annealing, but they have not provided an experimental evaluation of it. In this paper, we present (i) an implementation in Python of O'Gorman's algorithm, (ii) a divide et impera approach that allows addressing BNSL problems of larger sizes in order to overcome the limitations imposed by the current architectures, and (iii) their empirical evaluation. Specifically, several problems with an increasing number of variables have been used in the experiments. The results have shown the effectiveness of O'Gorman's formulation for BNSL instances of small sizes, and the superiority of the divide et impera approach on the direct execution of O'Gorman's algorithm.
Leveraging the persistent radical effect in the synthesis of trans-2,3-diaryl-dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Roldan Bec , Hammerstad Travis , Galliher Matthew , Keylor Mitchell , Pratt Derek , Stephenson Corey
Published: October 2022

A simple method for accessing trans-2,3-diaryl-dihydrobenzofurans is reported. This approach leverages a persistent radical equilibrium between quinone methide dimers and the persistent phenoxyl radicals derived therefrom. This equilibrium is disrupted by phenols that yield transient phenoxyl radicals, leading to cross-coupling between persistent and transient radicals. The resultant quinone methides with pendant phenols rapidly cyclize to dihydrobenzofurans (DHBs). This putatively biomimetic access to dihydrobenzofurans provides superb functional group tolerance and a unified approach for the synthesis of resveratrol-based natural products.
Quantum versus Classical Unimolecular Fragmentation Rate Constants and Activation Energies at Finite Temperature from Direct Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Angiolari Federica , Huppert Simon , Spezia Riccardo
Published: October 2022

In the present work, we investigate how nuclear quantum effects modify the temperature dependent rate constants and, consequently, the activation energies in unimolecular reactions. In the reactions under study, nuclear quantum effects mainly stem from the presence of a large zero point energy. Thus, we investigate the behavior of methods compatible with direct dynamics simulations, the Quantum Thermal Bath (QTB) and Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics (RPMD). To this end, we first compare them with quantum reaction theory for a model Morse potential before extending this comparison to molecular models. Our results show that, in particular in the temperature range comparable with or lower than the zero point energy of the system, the RPMD method is able to correctly capture nuclear quantum effects on rate constants and activation energies. On the other hand, although the QTB provides a good description of equilibrium properties including zero-point energy effects, it largely overestimates the rate constants. The origin of the different behaviours is in the different distance distributions provided by the two methods and in particular how they differently describe the tails of such distributions.
Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) for Efficient Mechanoredox Catalysis without Grinding or Impact Media
Authors: Effaty Farshid , Gonnet Lori , Koenig Stefan , Nagapudi Karthik , Ottenwaelder Xavier , Friscic Tomislav
Published: October 2022

Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) enables mechanoredox catalysis with BaTiO3 as the piezoelectric catalyst on model diazonium coupling reactions. RAM proceeds without formal grinding or impact media, is faster than the analogous ball-milling strategy, and is readily scalable to gram-scale. Combined X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy indicate that reusability of BaTiO3 as a mechanoredox catalyst might be limited by unwanted boration.
Matcher: An Open-Source Application for Translating Large Structure/Property Datasets into Insights for Drug Design
Authors: Hoover Andrew , Spale Martin , Lahue Brian , Bitton Danny
Published: October 2022

To solve recurring problems in drug discovery, matched molecular pair (MMP) analysis is used to understand relationships between chemical structure and function. For the MMP analysis of large datasets (>10,000 compounds), available tools lack flexible search and visualization functionality and require computational expertise. Here we present Matcher, an open-source application for MMP analysis, with novel search algorithms and fully automated querying-to-visualization that requires no programming expertise. Matcher enables unprecedented control over the search and clustering of MMP transformations based on both variable fragment and constant environment structure, which is critical for disentangling relevant and irrelevant data to a given problem. Users can exert such control through a built-in chemical sketcher, and with a few mouse clicks can navigate between resulting MMP transformations, statistics, property distribution graphs and structures with raw experimental data, for confident and accelerated decision making. Matcher can be used with any collection of structure/property data; here we demonstrate usage with a public ChEMBL dataset of about 20,000 small molecules with CYP3A4 and/or hERG inhibition data. Users can reproduce all examples demonstrated herein via unique links within Matcher’s interface – a functionality that anyone can use to preserve and share their own analyses. Matcher and all its dependencies are open-source with permissive licenses and trivial containerized deployment, and is freely available at https://github.com/Merck/Matcher. Matcher makes large structure/property datasets more transparent than ever before and accelerates the data-driven solution of common problems in drug discovery.
Low-temperature electrochemical ammonia synthesis: recent progress and comparison to Haber-Bosch in terms of energy efficiency
Authors: Rezai Fateme , Ege Sahin Nihat , Læsaa Søren , Catalano Jacopo , Dražević Emil
Published: October 2022

The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, in the literature often referred to as Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (ENRR), has gained attention as a milder alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, which requires high temperature and pressure. Recently, several breakthrough scientific papers were published showing a way to achieve nearly 100% selectivity of the ENRR over hydrogen reduction at very high production rates, which had been identified earlier as a main challenge. These results motivated the present study to benchmark the energy efficiencies of the most reliable ENRR studies against the Haber-Bosch process. ENRR studies historically suffered from reliability issues due to low ammonia production rates, which were often within the range of ambient ammonia contamination, potentially leading to false positive measurements. Consequently, rigorous experimental protocols have been published in the last four years. Here we first reviewed the protocols and established a methodology and a reliability indicator to assess the reliability of the results. Then we used the indicator to evaluate the studies reported in the literature from January 2019 to Aug 2022. Finally, we discussed and calculated the energy efficiency of ENRR for works that were assessed as reliable and probably reliable with the indicator. We identified and discussed several promising systems and strategies enabling higher energy efficiency. The energy efficiency had a maximum of 41%, which is within the efficiency range of current Haber-Bosch plants. However, ENRR energy efficiencies must improve to get closer to the 56% some of the state-of-the art Haber-Bosch plants achieve.
X- and Q-band EPR with cryogenic amplifiers independent of sample temperature
Authors: Kalendra Vidmantas , Turcak Justinas , Banys Juras , Morton John J.L. , Simenas Mantas
Published: October 2022

Inspired by the success of NMR cryoprobes, we recently reported a leap in X-band EPR sensitivity by equipping an ordinary EPR probehead with a cryogenic low-noise microwave amplifier placed closed to the sample in the same cryostat [Šimėnas et al. J. Magn. Reson. 322, 106876 (2021)]. Here, we explore, theoretically and experimentally, a more general approach, where the amplifier temperature is independent of the sample temperature. This approach brings a number of important advantages, enabling sensitivity improvement irrespective of sample temperature, as well as making it more practical to combine with ENDOR and Q-band resonators, where space in the sample cryostat is often limited. Our experimental realisation places the cryogenic preamplifier within an external closed-cycle cryostat, and we show CW and pulsed EPR and ENDOR sensitivity improvements at both X- and Q-bands with negligible dependence on sample temperature. The cryoprobe delivers signal-to-noise ratio enhancements that reduce the equivalent measurement time by 16x at X-band and close to 5x at Q-band. Using the theoretical framework we discuss further improvements of this approach which could be used to achieve even greater sensitivity.
Photocatalytic treatment of organoselenium in synthetic mine-impacted effluents
Authors: Martin Jeffrey , Chai Tia , Leshuk Timothy , Young Zachary , Gu Frank
Published: October 2022

Biological selenium reduction processes are commonly employed as the best available technology (BAT) for selenium removal, however, as a by-product they produce trace amounts of organoselenium compounds with orders of magnitude greater bioaccumulation potential and toxicity. Here we assessed buoyant photocatalysts (BPCs) as a potential passive advanced oxidation process (P-AOP) for organoselenium treatment. Using a synthetic mine-impacted water solution, spiked with selenomethionine (96 µg/L) as a representative organoselenium compound, photocatalysis with BPCs fully eliminated selenomethionine to <0.01 µg/L with conversion to selenite and selenate. A theoretical reaction pathway was inferred, and a kinetics model developed to describe the treatment trends and intermediates. Given the known toxic responses of Lepomis macrochirus and Daphnia magna to organoselenium, it was estimated that photocatalysis could effectively eliminate organoselenium acute toxicity within a UV dose of 8 kJ/L (1-2 days solar equivalent exposure), by transformation of selenomethionine to less hazardous oxidized Se species. Solar photocatalysis may therefore be a promising passive treatment technology for selenium-impacted mine water management.
Novel Detection Methodology of Milk-Oligopeptides fingerprints using Ion-Sensitive BioFET
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Dhar Rakshita Pritam Singh , García César Pascual , Georgiev Vihar
Published: October 2022

Protein sequencing is an important key to personalized medicines, but the process is complex enough to halt the ongoing progress in proteomics. In this paper, we have proposed a novel simulation methodology for the detection of oligopeptide fingerprints using a Field-Effect-Transistor. In our approach, the Gouy-Chapman-Stern and Site-Binding models are solved self-consistently to capture the response of immobilized peptides in the presence of an electrolyte. Our results show the unique signatures of two anti-hypertensive tripeptides in terms of variation in surface potential, inflection points and point-of-zero-charge in 2nd order differentiation of surface potential and total surface capacitance. We have shown that the presence of silanol sites, in presence of single or multiple oligopeptides, is responsible for reduced sensor’s sensitivity. We have proposed a novel noise-reduction technique to eliminate the noise present in the experimental data.
Chitin-binding function and glycosyl hydrolysis/motor-like system facilitate the spread of the wheat mosaic virus
Authors: liu wenzhong , li hualan
Published: October 2022

Infecting cereals and grasses worldwide, wheat mosaic disease poses a serious risk to food security. The major grain producing regions have been threatened by major crop diseases and insect pests. The wheat curl mite was previously thought to be the primary vector for the spread of the wheat mosaic virus. However, recent research has shown that soil may actually be more influential. In this present study,we used domain search of the bioinformatics method to study the coat protein of the Chinese wheat mosaic virus. The wheat mosaic virus's binding regions to chitin, chitosan, and cellulose, as well as the active region of cell wall degrading enzymes, and the related domains of endocytotic entry, were determined through the domain search.There are Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATP binding sites in the wheat mosaic virus coat protein. It demonstrates that wheat mosaic virus can complete its transmission by binding chitin via its coat protein. By binding Ca2+ via an EF-hand, the coat protein is capable of inducing the binding of Mg2+-ATP, which is essential for initiating serine-threonine kinase activity. A coating containing serine kinase activity facilitates the capacity of proteins to bind chitin, collagen, or fibrillar cellulose. Upon activation of the PPM enzyme domain that binds Mg2+-ATP, glycosyl hydrolases and swelling enzymes become active. This process necessitates the hydrolysis of glycosyl chains contained in proteins, which contributes to the enlargement of the cell wall. As they continue to move, the motor domains of the coat protein rotate and puncture holes in the cell wall. Using phospholipid transporter domains, it creates membrane fusion pores on the cell membrane. At the same time, the coat protein inserts viral genetic material into plant cells.
اثر استعمال استراتيجية الجدول الذاتي K.W.L.H في التحصيل واكتساب المهارات الدراسية لمادة طرائق التدريس عند طلبة كليات التربية
Authors: Farman Shaza A.
Published: October 2022

.لاتوجد فروق ذوات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05)بين متوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة التجريبية الذين يدرسون مادة طرائق التدريس باستراتيجية الجدول الذاتي ومتوسط درجات طلبة المجموعة الضابطة في تحصيل مادة طرائق تدريس

2.لاتوجد فروف ذوات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05)بين متوسط الفرق في درجات الاختبار (البعدي)لطلبة مجموعتي البحث التجريبية والضابطة في اكتساب المهارات الدراسية.

اختارت الباحثتان تصميماً تجريبياً ذا ضبط جزئي، وهو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة العشوائية الاختياريتكون مجتمع البحث الحالي من طلبة كليات التربية في جامعة بغداد(ابن رشد،ابن الهيثم،البنات)،فقد بلغ مجتمع البحث (2800) طالب وطالبة من الصف الثالث، الدراسة الصباحية بلغ أفراد عينة البحث الحالي (72) طالباً وطالبة

حرصت الباحثتان على تكافؤ مجموعتي البحث في عدد من المتغيرات التي قد تؤثر في نتائج التجربة واعدت الباحثتان خارطة اختبارية وصاغت فقرات الاختبار التحصيلي الذي يتالف من 80 فقرة نسبة 60% من الاهداف السلوكية 60فقرة اختيار من متعدد و20 سؤال مقالي واجرت الباحثتان التحليل الاحصائي الصعوبة والسهولة والقوة التميزية وفاعلية البدائل الخاطئة وحصلتا على الصدق والثباتوبنت الباحثتان مقياس المهارات الدراسية محددة خمس مهارات ب وتالف المقياس من 66 فقرة واقع 14فقرة لمهارة الاستذكار و14 فقرة لمهارة التدوين و11فقرةلمهارة ادارة الوقت و17 فقرة لمهارة قراءة ومراجعة المصادر و10فقرات لمهارة ادارة الاختباراظهرت النتائج تفوق واضح ذو دلالة إحصائية لطلبة المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا مادة طرائق التدريس باستعمال استراتيجية الجدول الذاتي على طلبة المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا مادة طرائق التدريس وفقاُ لخطوات الطريقة الاعتيادية (المحاضرة، المناقشة) في التحصيل والمهارات الدراسية (عدا مهارة إدارة الوقت)ئتائج التجربة
ڕه‌تــكرن: كرده‌ و ستراتیجى ڤه‌كۆلینه‌كا پراگماتیكییه‌
Authors: Ali Sherzad S. , Othman Ayad F.
Published: October 2022

ڕه‌تكرن كرده‌یه‌كا گرنگه‌ ژ كرده‌یێن ئاخڤتنێ، كو ڕۆله‌كێ دیار و كارا د ناڤ زمانێ ڕۆژنه‌یێ ئاخڤتێدا هه‌یه‌، ڕه‌تكرن بابه‌ته‌كێ پراگماتیكییه‌، چونكى گرێداى بوارێ كرده‌یێن ئاخڤتنێیه‌. ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ ب ناڤونیشان: (ڕه‌تكرن: كرده‌ و ستراتیجى- ڤه‌كۆلینه‌كا پراگماتیكییه‌). ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ هه‌ولدده‌ت تیشكێ بێخیته‌ سه‌ر ڕه‌تكرن و بنه‌ما و ستراتیجیه‌تێن ئه‌وێ د ناڤ كرده‌یێن: (داخوازى، پێشكێكرن، مێهڤانكرن، پێشنیازكرن)ێدا، كو ل دویڤ سێ ئاستێن تاكه‌كه‌سان د ناڤ جڤاكیدا هاتییه‌ پۆلینكرن: (هه‌ڤ ئاست)، (ژ پله‌یه‌كا بلند بۆ نزم)، (ژ پله‌یه‌كا نزم بۆ بلند) و د ڤێرێدا هاتییه‌ دیاركرن، كا كیژ ستراتیجییا ڕه‌تكرنێ ب ڕێژه‌یا گه‌له‌ك و كێم هاتییه‌ بكارهینان، كو ئه‌ڤه‌ژى ل دویڤ ڕێبازا وه‌سفى شیكارى هاتییه‌ ئه‌نجامدان و سترایتجیه‌تێن ڕه‌تكرنێ ژى زێده‌تر ل دویڤ مۆدێلا (Beebe) و هه‌ڤالێن ئه‌وییه‌. د شرۆڤه‌كرنا ڕه‌تكرنا كرده‌یا داخوازى و پێشكێشكرن و مێهڤانكرن و پێشنیازكرنێدا په‌نا بۆ شێوازێ ئامارى هاتییه‌ برن. ئارمانجا سه‌ره‌كى ژ ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كۆلینێ ئه‌وه‌ بهێته‌ دیاركرن، كا د كرده‌یێن داخوازى، پێشكێشكرن، مێهڤانكرن، پێشنیازكرنێدا، ستراتیجیه‌تێن ڕه‌تكرنێ چه‌وا هاتینه‌ بكارهینان. ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ ژ دوو پشكان پێكدهێت، پشكا ئێكێ ب ناڤونیشان:(ڕه‌تكرن و ئیستراتیجیه‌تێن ئه‌وێ)ه‌، كو تێدا به‌حسێ ئه‌ڤان ته‌وه‌ران هاتییه‌ كرن: (ڕه‌تكرن)، (ڕه‌تكرن وه‌كو كرده‌یه‌كا ئاخڤتنێ)، (تیۆرا ڕه‌وشتى و ڕه‌تكرن)، (په‌یوه‌ندییا ڕه‌تكرنێ ب كرده‌یێن ده‌ستپێكیڤه‌) (ڕه‌تكرن و كه‌لتوور)، (ستراتیجیه‌تێن ڕه‌تكرنێ) پشكا دووێ یا تایبه‌ته‌ ب (ستراتیجیه‌تێن ڕه‌تكرنا كرده‌یێن ئاخڤتنێ).
سیمیوس(Semiosis) وه‌كو به‌رهه‌مهێنه‌رێ ده‌لاله‌تا تێكستێ ئه‌ده‌بیێ ئافراندى
Authors: Taher Nizar S.
Published: October 2022

ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌كۆلینه‌ هه‌ولدانه‌كه‌ ژ بۆ دیاركرناچه‌وانیا كاركرنا سیمیۆس (Semiosis)ێ ژ بۆ به‌رهه‌مئینانا ده‌لاله‌تان دناڤ تێكستێن ئه‌ده‌بیێن ئافراندیدا،چونكى ئه‌ڤ چه‌نده‌،ئانكو شلۆڤه‌كرنا نیشانێن تێكستێن ئه‌ده‌بیێن ئافراندى لدویڤ كاركرنا (سیمیۆس)ێ،دێ ڤه‌كۆله‌ر شێت زێده‌تر دناڤ كویراتیا ده‌لاله‌تا ڤه‌شارتیا تێكستیدا چیته‌ خار و ئه‌وێ ده‌لاله‌تا ڤه‌شارتى دیاركه‌ت.سه‌ره‌ڕاى ئه‌ڤێ گرنگیا(سیمیۆس) ژ بۆ به‌رهه‌مئینانا ده‌لاله‌له‌تا نیشانان بخوه‌ڤه‌ دبینیت به‌لێ تاكو نهۆ چ ڤه‌كۆلین یان نامه‌یێن ئه‌كادیمیێن تایبه‌ت ب ئه‌ڤى بابه‌تیڤه‌ دناڤ ره‌خنا ئه‌ده‌بیا كوردیدا به‌رچاڤ نه‌كه‌تینه‌. مه‌ د ئه‌ڤێ ڤه‌كۆلینا بناڤونیشانێ(سیمیۆس -Semiosis- وه‌كو به‌رهه‌مهێنه‌رێ ده‌لاله‌تا تێكستێ ئه‌ده‌بیێ ئافراندى:پڕاكتیزه‌كرن لسه‌ر هۆزانا-باران- یا محه‌مه‌د عه‌لى یاسین تاها)، بابه‌تێ(سیمیۆس)ى ژلایێ پێكهات و ماهییه‌تێڤه‌ به‌رجه‌سته‌كریه‌ و تێگه‌ه و پێناسا(سیمیۆس)ى كریه‌،دیسان مه‌ جهێ(سیمیۆس)ى و ره‌گه‌زێن پێكهینه‌ر و چه‌وانیا كاركرنا سیمیۆسێ دناڤ پێكهاتا زانستێ(سیمیۆلۆژ)یدا دیاركرنه‌،پشتى هینگێ مه‌ (سیمیۆس)ێ ئه‌ڤان هه‌ردوو نیشانێن(باران،یار)ئه‌وێ هۆزانێ شلۆڤه‌كریه‌ و ده‌لاله‌تا به‌رهه‌مهاتیى ژێ دیاركریه‌ و خۆیا بو كۆ پڕانیا ده‌لاله‌تا ڤه‌شارتیا ئه‌وێ هۆزانێ خوه‌ دناڤ هه‌ر دوو نیشاناندا به‌رجه‌سته‌كر بوو بتایبه‌ت نیشانا(باران).
موقف علماء أهل السنة من التأويل الباطني عند الاسماعيلية
Authors: Marie Farsat I.
Published: October 2022

التأويل الباطن هي ظاهرة فكرية تميزت بها فرقة الاسماعيلية. وقد ذهب الاسماعيليون الى أن لكل شيء (=ظاهر محسوس) تأويلاً باطنياً لا يعرفه إلا الراسخون في العلم وهم الائمة، وهؤلاء الائمة يودعون هذا العلم الباطن لكبار الدعاة بقدر معين، ذلك أن التأويل بالباطن قد خص الله به علياً، فكما أن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم خص بالتنزيل، فكذلك علي بن ابي طالب خص بالتأويل. هذا البحث يختص بتوضيح فرقة الاسماعيلية والاصول التي قامت عليها وتحديداً التأويل، ومن ثَم بيان مواقف وردود علماء أهل السنة والجماعة بشتى أطيافهم من التأويل الباطني الاسماعيلي.
نڤێسینا تێكستى و ده‌سه‌لاتا هه‌ڤتێكستیێ (ڤه‌كولینه‌كا تیورى یه‌)
Authors: Othman Nawzat A. , Abdulkarim Abduqader N. , Miro Rafiq S.
Published: October 2022

هه‌ڤتێكستى، ب ساده‌ترین ده‌ربرین په‌یدابوون و ڤه‌گوهاستن و به‌رجسته‌بوونا تێكستێن به‌رین و سه‌رده‌مه‌ن دناڤ تێكستێ نویدا كو دبنه‌ پشكه‌ك ژ هه‌بوونا تێكستێ نوى ، ئه‌ڤ ڤه‌گوهاستنه‌ ژى چێدبیت ب شێوه‌كێ راسته‌وخو یان نه‌راسته‌وخو بیت . تشتێ گرنگ دناڤ ڤێ ڤه‌كولینێ دا ، چه‌وانیا نڤێسینا تێكستى یه‌ و چه‌وانیا كارتێكرنا هه‌ڤتێكستیێ یه‌ ل سه‌ر وێ په‌یدابوونێ ل ده‌مێ ده‌سه‌لاتا خو لسه‌ر دسه‌پینیت ، زێده‌بارى هندێ دیاركرنا وان هه‌دوو قوناغێن تێكست دئاڤاكرنا خودا تێڕا دبوریت و چه‌وانیا پێكڤه‌ كاركرنا هه‌ڤتێكستیێ یه‌ ژبۆ به‌رده‌وامبوونا وێ پروسێ .
التحدي اللغوي في القرآن الكريم "دراسة نصيّة تحليلية"
Authors: Ahmad Zeravan Q. , Aoula Ameer R.
Published: October 2022

يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن عظمة  القرآن الكريم ، وعلو قدره، وببيان إعجازه، وإنَّه حجّة على سامعه، وقد وقع التحدي بألفاظه المنظومة بأقصر سورة، وعمَّ الثقلين الإنس والجن ، واستمر التحدي والتقريع في العهد المكي والمدني بمثله، ثم بعشر سورٍ  مثله، ثم بسورة، وقد كان التحدي مرحلياً متدرجاً حسب الحالة التي كانوا عليها، لأنَّ القرآن الكريم كلّه قليله وكثيره على حد سواء في الإعجاز، ويظهر الحاجة إلى التحدي لكونه دليلًا على صدق الرسول(صلى الله عليه وسلم) الذي جاء بالمعجزة، وفي التحدي بالقرآن تثبيت لفؤاده (صلى الله عليه وسلم)، وتقوية قلبه، لأنَّ في كل نوبة من نوبات هذا التحدي معجزة جديدة، إذ تحداهم في كل مرّة أنْ يأتوا بمثل نوبة من نوب التنزيل فظهر عجزهم عن المعارضة، وفيه إقامة الحجّة وإظهار البرهان على صدق القرآن الكريم .
تأثير استخدام استراتيجية التعلم التعاوني في تعلم فعالية الوثب الطويل
Authors: Al-Birifkany Moayyad K. I.
Published: October 2022

هدف البحث الى الكشف عن:                                                  

 تأثير استخدام استراتيجية التعلم التعاوني في تعلم فعالية الوثب الطويل-

واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي لانه الانسب لطبيعة البحث والوصول الى مشكلة البحث ،، تكون مجتمع البحث من طلاب السنة الدراسية الاولى بسكول التربية الرياضية في جامعة دهوك للعام الدراسي 2013-2014والبالغ عددهم (( 96 )) طالبا،، فيما اشتملت عينة البحث على ((40)) طالبا تم اختيارهم عشوائيا من بين طلاب الشعبتين الدراسيتين ( ب،ج ) بواقع (20) طالبا لكل شعبة ، وقد وزعت العينة على المجموعتين ( تجريبية ، ضابطة ) بالطريق العشوائية ( القرعة ) ، وتم تدريس المجموعة التجريبية وفق التعلم التعاوني فيما تم تدريس المجموعة الضابطة باسلوب العرض والتوضيح ( التقليدي ).

واستخدم الباحث التصميم التجريبي الذي يطلق عليه اسم ( تصميم المجموعة العشوائية ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي )  ،  وتم اجراء التكافؤ بين افراد المجموعتين في متغيرات ( العمر ، الطول ، الكتلة ، الصفات البدنية والحركية المؤثرة في المهارة المراد تعلمها ) ،وتم وضع برنامجين تعليمين على وفق التعلم التعاوني ووفق اسلوب الشرح والتوضيح ( التقليدي ) وبعد الانتهاء من تطبيق البرنامج تم اجراء الاختبارات البعدية، وبعد جمع البيانات وتفريغها ومعالجتها بالوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة (( الوسط الحسابي ، الانحراف المعياري ، اختبار ت ) توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات :

-تفوق افراد المجموعة التجريبية التي تعلمت على وفق استراتيجية التعلم التعاوني على افراد المجموعة الضابطة التي تعلمت على وفق اسلوب الشرح والتوضيح في تعلم فعالية الوثب الطويل.

وفي ضوء الاستنتاجات اوصى الباحث :

التاكيد على استخدام استراتيجية التعلم التعاوني في تعليم مهارة الوثب الطويل بوصفه افضل من استخدام الاسلوب التقليدي.
The Role of PRMT1 in Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Research Protocol
Authors: Shaikh Asim , Yu Ken , Haider Nabil
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are an important class of enzymes that catalyze post-translational modification of arginine residues on histone or nonhistone substrates. In skeletal muscle, PRMT1 expression has been linked to muscle homeostasis, regeneration, metabolism, and synthesis. The expression of PRMT1 in skeletal muscle has already been shown to be induced by treadmill exercise, however, the relationship between PRMT1 and skeletal muscle hypertrophy remains unexplored. This study aims to determine the significance of PRMT1 in muscle hypertrophy by identifying whether wild-type mice (WT) experience elevated levels of exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy compared to PRMT1-knockout mice (KO).
Methods: 12-month-old mice will be split into male (M) and female (F) groups. Both M and F groups will then be randomly distributed to WT and KO groups. WT M, KO M, WT F, and KO F groups will be further randomly divided into sedentary (SED) and exercise (EX) groups. EX groups will undergo a resistance training program for 8 weeks while SED groups will be at rest. All mice will be euthanized by cervical dislocation while at rest by the end of the 8 weeks, and their tissue samples will be collected. The progression of muscle hypertrophy between groups will be assessed weekly using Bioseb grip strength tests in grams normalized to body mass in grams (g/g). Following the 3 months, muscle biopsies of the gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle will be taken to perform fluorescence staining of the myofibers. Primary and secondary antibodies against myosin heavy chains I, IIa, IIx, and IIb will be used to stain cross-sectional areas (CSA). The CSA of the fast-glycolytic fibers will be measured to quantify muscle hypertrophy between WT and KO groups.
Anticipated Results: The Bioseb grip strength tests and GAS immunostaining should demonstrate that WT mice have greater grip strength and myofibers with larger CSAs compared to KO mice.
Conclusion: These results would demonstrate the importance of PRMT1 in facilitating exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. Future directions may involve exploring downstream signaling molecules of PRMT1 to identify potential PRMT1 up regulators, accelerating muscle hypertrophy and combating pathological muscle atrophy.
Equity in Higher Education Opportunities in China
Authors: Ma Zhihao , Hu Yaxin
Published: October 2022

Higher education has been developing rapidly since China implemented reforms and opening up policy. However, limitation of the government’s financial resources investment, regional development, and other factors has resulted in unfair higher education opportunities. Therefore, this study uses archival research method to analyze and study the general situation of higher education, college entrance examination system, and equity of higher education opportunities other issues in China. This study explains the connotation of equity of education and higher education opportunities, and conducts in-depth analysis of equity of higher education opportunities in starting point, process, and results. It focuses on analyzing the factors that influence the equity of higher education opportunities in China. It also analyzes the status quo and problems of equity of higher education opportunities in China. Aiming at solving these problems, this study proposes recommendations from four aspects.
Luckin Coffee: A Study of the Reasons for Committing Financial Fraud and Solutions for Getting Out of a Financial Crisis
Authors: Xinyan Jiang
Published: October 2022

Luckin Coffee grew rapidly in the past few years and it was the fastest Chinese Concept company go public in NASDAQ. However, its stock price plunged in 2020 due to financial fraud. It is crucial for Luckin Coffee to think about how to recover from the financial fraud and become a business representative of the “new retail” under the Internet model again. To recover from the financial crisis caused and gain profit, Luckin could improve its existing business model by improving product development, strengthening capital management in both marketing and expansion. The internal structure can also be adjusted by diversifying equity and replacing the manager team. Taking Luckin Coffee as an example, this paper analyzes the causes of financial fraud, propose solutions to recover from it, and evaluate the effectiveness of solutions in the context of reality.
Internationalization of Higher Education in Shandong in the New Era: Challenges and Countermeasures
Authors: Hou Zhigang , Astillero Marlon Rael
Published: October 2022

Under the background of the deepening reform in the new era, promoting the internationalization and construction of higher education is the fundamental path of transforming Chinese universities into world-class universities. This paper mainly studies the challenges faced by the internationalization of higher education in Shandong in the new era and the countermeasures for them. Among them, the predicament is expounded from several aspects, including the international school-running structure, the foreign high-quality educational resources, the international teachers, and the international exchanges and cooperation. Shandong’s higher education is faced with problems in its internationalized school-running structure; hence, corresponding countermeasures are proposed. Shandong Province must adhere to the principle of “adapting measures to local conditions” in order to formulate medium and long-term development plans and pay attention to the construction of international teachers.
ASPEK HUKUM TERHADAP PERAN PSIKOLOGI FORENSIK DALAM PENANGANAN PELAKU KEJAHATAN TINDAK PIDANA DITINJAU PADA HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA
Authors: Azhar Maulida Fathia , Taun Taun
Published: October 2022

Pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap seseorang yang melakukan kejahatan namun memiliki gangguan mental pada dirinya terdapat  pada ketentuan pasal 44 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana yang didalamnya menyatakan bahwa tidak seorangpun dapat dipidana berdasarkan kesalahan dan kelalaian yang diketahui dalam tanggungjawab bertindak di luar kendalinya, entah karena semangatnya yang belum sempurna atau karena penyakitnya yang beresiko tinggi, dan masih ada saja yang melakukannya tanpa memahaminya tersangka yang melakukan kejahatan tersebut tetapi menderita penyakit jiwa harus dirawat di rumah sakit jiwa. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk membahas peran psikologi forensik dalam penanganan pelaku  kejahatan tindak pidana. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif (legal research) dan hukum empiris. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bukti terkait perilaku kriminal dari perspektif psikologis dan masalah yang semakin kompleks di masyarakat dan untuk mengembangkan berbagai upaya untuk memecahkan kasus dalam hal ini berdasarkan aspek dan pertimbangan mendasar yang kuat agar pelaku dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas perbuatannya untuk itu diperlukan peran kedokteran kehakiman dalam psikis untuk memeriksa kejiwaan pelaku.
Thoracic computed tomography measures have predictive value in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Tosun Mustafa , Ünver Edhem , Küpeli Ali , Karavaş Erdal , Aydın Sonay
Published: October 2022

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is diagnosed with pulmonary function tests (PFTs). However, since not all patients can be diagnosed with PFTs, some are diagnosed with radiological or clinical findings. The purpose of this study was to define the properties of obstructive airway disease through thoracic computed tomography (CT) and to identify the diagnostic efficacy of CT findings. A total of 160 patients who underwent PFT and thoracic CT assessment July 2018 - January 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. Based on PFT findings, patients were categorized into three groups as having normal, restrictive or obstructive airways. Age, height, weight, and body mass indexes of the groups were recorded. Pulmonary height, width, right-left hemi-diaphragm height, sterno-diaphragmatic angle and retrosternal transparent area length in axial sections were also recorded. Diagnostic efficacies of these parameters in the detection of obstructive airway disease were measured. Of the 160 patients (109 males, 51 females; mean age = 59.5), 91 (56.9) had normal PFT, 58 (36.2%) had obstructive and 11 (6.9%) had restrictive airway disease. Pulmonary height, width, sterno-diaphragmatic angle, and retrosternal transparent area length were significantly higher in patients with obstructive airway disease while the right-left hemi-diaphragm height was significantly lower (p<0.001). About 60-75% sensitivity and specificity were obtained when identifying the obstructive airway disease with these parameters. These values obtained from the axial and sagittal sections could contribute to the diagnosis of obstructive airway disease.
The evaluation level of acute trauma pathologies by the emergency medicine physician assistant in abdominal computed tomography images of the trauma patients
Authors: Soyugüzel Mehmet , Ertekin Ayşe , Özgül Esra
Published: October 2022

Abdominal injury is the third leading cause of death due to trauma. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the level of detection of acute trauma pathologies by the emergency medicine physician assistant in abdominal tomography images taken in trauma patients. Contrast-enhanced abdominal tomography images of 207 patients who applied with trauma between 12.15.2020 and 12.15.2021 were included in this study. In order to evaluate the images of the patients, the evaluation of the emergency medicine physician assistant was compared with the radiology official report. Patients’ age, gender, current complaints, symptoms, trauma classification, injury sites accompanying abdominal injury, hospitalization status and mortality rates were analyzed. The statistical distribution of thepatients’ demographic and clinical information was calculated. The reports of the patients whose radiology official report was issued and the emergency medicine assistant forms were transferred to the SPSS program as “pathology exists” or “no pathology”. In the study, 79.2% (n=164) were male and 20.8% (n=43) were female. The median age was 33 years. In terms of interpretation of abdominal tomography, a statistically significant correlation was found between the radiologist and the emergency medicine physician assistant in the evaluation of liver, spleen and kidney; intra-abdominal and retroperitoneal hemorrhage, muscle and fascia injury of abdominal wall; vertebral, iliac, ischiatic, pubic bone, sacrum and femoral neck fracture. It was determined that 12.1% (n=25) of the patientswere admitted to the intensive care unit and 5.3% (n=11) were died. High sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were found in the evaluation of abdominal contrast-enhanced tomography imaging of patients admitted to the emergency department due to trauma by the emergency medicine assistant. We think that these high accuracy values are due to emergency medicine physician assistant’s evaluation of the patient’s history, physical examination and imaging studies as a whole.
UYGUR TÜRKLERİNDE NEZİR ÇİRAĞ RİTÜELİ
Authors: GÖNEL SÖNMEZ Tugba , KÖSE Serkan
Published: October 2022

Davranış temelli ve doğası gereği toplumların inanç tasavvurunu somutlaştıran ritüeller, içerisinde barındırdıkları geleneksel ve anlamsal bilgiyi özellikle sözlü kültür ortamından beslenen toplumsal bellek vasıtasıyla sürdürülebilir kılmakta ve ritüel bilgi, bir iletişim aracına dönüşmektedir. Toplumsal belleğin dışavurum ve aktarım bağlamlarından olan geleneksel pratik ve uygulamalar, ritüel bilginin aktarıldığı, yaşatıldığı ve yeniden canlandırıldığı ortamlardır. Geçmişten günümüze nitelik ve nicelik bakımından farklı formlarda gerçekleştirilen nezir-çirağ ritüeli, Uygur Türkleri arasında gerçekleştirilen geleneksel dinî bir uygulama mahiyetindedir. Uygur Türkleri yaratıcıya adadıkları kanlı ya da kansız kurbanlar vasıtasıyla ağaç, atalar, su, ateş ve ocak gibi İslamiyet öncesi kült ve uygulamaların yanı sıra abdest almak, Kur’an okumak ve namaz kılmak gibi İslami pratikleri de aynı ritüelde kaynaştırmakta ve bu ritüel çerçevesinde belirli yasak ve kaçınmalara riayet etmektedir. Çalışmadaki başat amaç, nezir-çirağ kavramından hareketle Uygur Türkleri arasında önemli bir yere sahip olan nezir-çirağ ritüelinin mahiyeti, kapsamı, zaman, mekân ve icra özelliklerinin tespit edilmesi ve söz konusu ritüelin sosyo-kültürel işlevlerinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu bağlamda nezir-çirağ ritüelleri toplumsal kategoriden bireysel kategoriye doğru icra özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuş ve söz konusu ritüellerdeki yasak ve kaçınmalar ayrıca incelenmiştir. İncelemede Uygur Türklerinde icra edilen nezir-çirağ ritüeli toplumsal işlevsel yöntemle ortaya konulmuştur. Makaleye konu olan ritüeller ve çeşitlilikleri literatür taramasından elde edilen bilgilerden hareketle tespit edilmiştir.
Complexity metrics of Russian legal texts: selection, use, initial efficiency evaluation
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Blinova Olga , Tarasov Nikita ,   St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg 7/9 Universitetskaya nab.
Published: October 2022

The paper describes the metrics-based model for assessing complexity of Russian legal texts, implying the use of 130 metrics divided into following categories: “basic metrics”, “readability formulas”, “words of different part-ofspeech classes”, “n-grams of part-of-speech tags”, “frequency of lemmas”, “word-building patterns”, “grammes”, “lexical and semantic features, multi-word expressions, hypertext links”, “syntactic features”, “cohesion assessments”. The paper illustrates the reasons for choosing metrics, taking into account the experience of studies on linguistic complexity, stylometric studies, as well as experimental studies of legal texts perception. The authors present the results of testing the model in an experiment on the classification of texts by complexity level using metrics as parameters. These results are compared with the results of classification using USE (Universal Sentence Encoder) language model vectors as parameters. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of metrics makes it possible to assess text complexity more precisely than in an experiment using a language model.
Some errors are more harmful than others: the role of type and frequency of orthographic errors in word processing
Authors:   HSE, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, Slioussar Natalia , Gurkov Ivan , Chernova Daria ,   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2022

In the modern world of social media, we constantly read texts that were not subject to professional proof-reading and editing. As a result, we see misspelled words more often than the previous generations. The effects are interesting for several scientific disciplines, including psycholinguistics. Several experiments on different languages have recently demonstrated that the incidence of orthographic errors for a particular word reduces the quality of its lexical representation in the mental lexicon. As a result, it is more difficult to judge whether the word is spelled correctly, and — more surprisingly — it takes more time to read the word even when there are no errors. In the present study, our goal was to find out whether the type of orthographic errors (the orthogram) plays a role in addition to their incidence. We selected six orthograms forming two groups: more and less difficult ones. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to judge whether stimulus words are spelled correctly. In Experiment 2, all stimulus words were presented in the correct spelling in a lexical decision task, i.e. we measured how fast they are processed. In Experiment 1, the type of the orthogram played a significant role, being more important than any other factor. In Experiment 2, the influence of this factor could be reduced to the incidence of incorrect spellings. In other words, when we consciously decide how to spell, the type of orthogram plays a crucial role. As a result, some errors are more frequent than others (although it is obvious that the incidence of errors can be only partially predicted by the type of orthogram). However, when we simply read words, only the incidence of errors matters, i.e. the type of orthogram affects the reading speed only indirectly.
Topic modeling of the Russian short stories of 1900–1930s: the most frequent topics and their dynamics
Authors: Sherstinova Tatiana , Moskvina Anna , Kirina Margarita , Karysheva Asya , Kolpashchikova Evgenia
Published: October 2022

The article describes the results of an experiment on topic modeling of Russian short stories for three successive historical periods of the early 20th century: 1) the beginning of the 20th century until 1913, 2) the warrevolutionary period (1914–1922), and 3) the early Soviet period (1923-1930). Using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm, 9 models were built — 3 samples of different sizes (100, 500, and 1000 stories) for each of the periods. It turned out that in every model there are very frequent “themes” (topics) that characterize with a high probability a fairly significant share of texts in each sample. Moreover, one can also observe a meaningful dynamics of these frequent topics over different time periods, which allows us to consider them as thematic and stylistic markers of the analyzed text collections along with the more traditional quantitative measures of text analysis. The variety of frequent topics turned out to be higher in the second and third periods, which can be explained by the greater lexical and stylistic diversity of the prose of the “era of change”.