bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionary Expressivism
Authors: Köhler Sebastian , Ridge Michael
Published: October 2013

While the meta‐ethical error theory has been of philosophical interest for some time now, only recently a debate has emerged about the question what is to be done if the error theory turns out to be true. This paper argues for a novel answer to this question, namely revolutionary expressivism: if the error theory is true, we should become expressivists. Additionally, the paper explores certain important but largely ignored methodological issues that arise for reforming definitions generally and with a vengeance in the context of a radical error theory about all practical normative judgements, and suggests how these issues can be resolved.
‘Can’ and the Consequence Argument
Authors: Grzankowski Alex
Published: October 2013

The consequence argument is a powerful incompatibilist argument for the conclusion that, if determinism is true, what one does is what one must do. A major point of controversy between classical compatibilists and incompatibilists has been over the use of ‘can’ in the consequence argument. Classical compatibilists, holding that abilities to act are dispositions, have argued that ‘can’ should be analyzed as a conditional. But such an analysis of ‘can’ puts compatibilists in a position to grant the premises of the argument while denying the conclusion. Incompatibilists remain unconvinced, and this corner of the debate over free will has reached a dialectical impasse. The present paper has two aims. First, to offer a new dialectical point of entry into this dispute on behalf of incompatibilists. By making use of Angelika Kratzer's influential semantic work on ‘can’ and ‘must’, I argue that incompatibilists are in a position to offer a plausible, positive treatment of ‘can’ that favors their view. Second, even if one does not think incompatibilism is thereby true (for as we shall see there are places to push back), the Kratzer semantics yields a number of important insights concerning the consequence argument that should be of broad interest.
Towards a Multidimensional Metaconception of Species
Authors: Kendig Catherine
Published: October 2013

Species concepts aim to define the species category. Many of these rely on defining species in terms of natural lineages and groupings. A dominant gene‐centred metaconception has shaped notions of what constitutes both a natural lineage and a natural grouping. I suggest that relying on this metaconception provides an incomplete understanding of what constitute natural lineages and groupings. If we take seriously the role of epigenetic, behavioural, cultural, and ecological inheritance systems, rather than exclusively genetic inheritance, a broader notion of what constitutes a natural grouping or lineage may be required. I conclude by outlining an alternative metaconception that is a de‐centred metaschema for species.
The Effects of Hoechst 33342 Staining and the Male Sample Donor on the Sorting Efficiency of Canine Spermatozoa
Authors: Rodenas C , Lucas X , Tarantini T , Del Olmo D , Roca J , Vazquez JM , Martinez EA , Parrilla I
Published: October 2013

Contents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Hoechst 33342 (H‐42) concentration and of the male donor on the efficiency of sex‐sorting procedure in canine spermatozoa. Semen samples from six dogs (three ejaculates/dog) were diluted to 100 × 106 sperm/ml, split into four aliquots, stained with increasing H‐42 concentrations (5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 μl, respectively) and sorted by flow cytometry. The rates of non‐viable (FDA+), oriented (OS) and selected spermatozoa (SS), as well as the average sorting rates (SR, sorted spermatozoa/s), were used to determine the sorting efficiency. The effects of the sorting procedure on the quality of sorted spermatozoa were evaluated in terms of total motility (TM), percentage of viable spermatozoa (spermatozoa with membrane and acrosomal integrity) and percentage of spermatozoa with reacted/damaged acrosomes. X‐ and Y‐chromosome‐bearing sperm populations were identified in all of the samples stained with 7.5, 10 and 12.5 μl of H‐42, while these two populations were only identified in 77.5% of samples stained with 5 μl. The values of OS, SS and SR were influenced by the male donor (p < 0.01) but not by the H‐42 concentration used. The quality of sorted sperm samples immediately after sorting was similar to that of fresh samples, while centrifugation resulted in significant reduction (p < 0.05) in TM and in the percentage of viable spermatozoa and a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the percentage of spermatozoa with damage/reacted acrosomes. In conclusion, the sex‐sorting of canine spermatozoa by flow cytometry can be performed successfully using H‐42 concentrations between 7.5 and 12.5 μl. The efficiency of the sorting procedure varies based on the dog from which the sperm sample derives.
Role of Sperm Velocity Variables Associated with Poultry Breed in ‘Last Male Precedence’
Authors: Santiago‐Moreno J , Castaño C , Toledano‐Díaz A , Esteso MC , López‐Sebastián A , Dávila SG , Campo JL
Published: October 2013

Contents

It is well known that when a hen mates with multiple roosters, it is the sperm of the last male that usually fertilizes most of the eggs (‘last male precedence’). Sperm quality varies between males within a breed, but also between breeds, and thus, sperm competitiveness after mating may depend on the breeds of the roosters involved. The aim of the present work was to identify differences in sperm competitiveness between breeds, especially with respect to motility. A multibreed mating model was used. Blue Andaluza (BA) and Black Castellana (BC) hens left for 21 days with BA and BC roosters, respectively, were then left with Black‐barred Andaluza (Bb) roosters for another 21 days (experimental groups hBA‐rBC‐rBb and hBC‐rBA‐rBb). Bb roosters (as the second breed replacing the first) fertilized the majority of eggs in both the hBC‐rBA‐rBb and hBA‐rBC‐rBb groups. The percentage of offspring sired by BA roosters (8.0%) was higher (p < 0.05) than the percentage of chicks sired by BC roosters (2.1%). The fertility of the BC hens in the hBC‐rBA‐rBb group was higher (p < 0.01) than that of the BA hens in the hBA‐rBC‐rBb group. No difference in sperm concentration was seen between the breeds. Within the rapid sperm subpopulation (sperm velocity, >50 μm/s), Bb sperm showed a higher straight‐line velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP) (p < 0.05) than BC sperm. The VSL and VAP values for Bb and BA sperm were similar. In conclusion, the present results show that the sperm of the BA breed, traditionally regarded as of moderate fertility, compensates for this drawback via sperm movement characteristics that afford it an advantage in competition scenarios involving males of other breeds. The VSL and VAP of the rapid sperm subpopulation may play the most important role in securing last male precedence.
Effects of Sediment Fertilization and Burial on Cymodocea nodosa Transplants; Implications for Seagrass Restoration Under a Changing Climate
Authors: Balestri Elena , Lardicci Claudio
Published: October 2013

Sediment fertilization is recommended for improving seagrass restoration efforts, but few studies have evaluated the efficacy of such practice. Increasing storm frequency due to global change could lead to greater sediment mobilization. Understanding how this alteration will interact with fertilization to affect transplants is essential for future restoration planning. We examined the individual and combined effects of nutrients (ambient vs. repeated addition) and burial (control vs. increased frequency and intensity) on the performance and biomass partitioning of transplants of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa at two sites within a north‐western Mediterranean meadow. Fertilization stimulated the production of shoots, total biomass, and branching. Burial increased leaf sheath length in one site while reduced shoot number, leaf number, leaf sheath length, total biomass, net shoot gain, and root‐to‐shoot ratio in the other site. Regardless of the site, fertilization and burial interaction reduced the length of vertical internodes and horizontal rhizomes, and the net shoot gain. Our research demonstrates that sediment fertilization ensures rapid colonization of restoration sites, providing C. nodosa plants up to eight times larger than controls in one growing season. However, it also indicates that interaction of increased burial and nutrients reduced the gain in terms of vegetative expansion and depressed vertical growth, making plants more vulnerable to subsequent disturbances. Therefore, seagrass restoration practitioners should account for changes in sediment elevation at transplanting sites when planning restoration programs and carefully evaluate the opportunity of applying fertilizers in sites subjected to greater sediment accumulation to avoid failure.
Greasy Roads: The Impact of Bad Financial News on Road Traffic Accidents
Authors: Vandoros Sotiris , Kavetsos Georgios , Dolan Paul
Published: October 2013

We use evidence from a natural experiment in Greece to study the effect of the announcement of austerity measures on road traffic accidents (RTAs). We use daily RTA data from 2010 and 2011, during which a number of austerity measures were announced, including salary and pension cuts and an increase in direct and indirect taxes. We find that controlling for other factors potentially influencing RTAs, the number of RTAs increased significantly on the first two days following the announcements of austerity measures. We put forward some tentative suggestions for why this happens.
What Are the Characteristics That Explain Hospital Quality? A Longitudinal Pridit Approach
Authors: Lieberthal Robert D. , Comer Dominique M.
Published: October 2013

Health outcomes vary substantially between high‐ and low‐quality institutions, meaning the difference between life and death in some cases. The prior literature has identified a number of variables that can be used to determine hospital quality, but methodologies for combining variables into an overall measure of hospital quality are not well developed. This analysis builds on the prior investigation of hospital quality by evaluating a method originally developed for the detection of health‐care fraud, Pridit, in the context of determining hospital quality. We developed a theoretical model to justify the application of Pridit to the hospital quality setting and then applied the Pridit method to a national, multiyear data set on U.S. hospital quality variables and outcomes. The results demonstrate how the Pridit method can be used predictively, in order to predict future health outcomes based on currently available quality measures. These results inform the use of Pridit, and other unsupervised learning methods, in fraud detection and other settings where valid and reliable outcomes variables are difficult to obtain. The empirical results obtained in this study may also be of use to health insurers and policymakers who aim to improve quality in the hospital setting.
Using Panel Data for Partial Identification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence When Infection Status is Missing Not at Random
Authors: Arpino Bruno , De Cao Elisabetta , Peracchi Franco
Published: October 2013

Population-based surveys are often considered the ‘gold standard’ to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but typically suffer from serious missing data problems. This causes considerable uncertainty about HIV prevalence. Following the partial identification approach, we produce worst-case bounds for HIV prevalence. We then exploit the availability of panel data and the absorbing nature of HIV infection to narrow the width of these bounds. Applied to panel data from rural Malawi, our approach considerably reduces the width of the worst-case bounds. It also allows us to check the credibility of the additional assumptions that are imposed by methods that point-identify HIV prevalence.
An Approach to Perform Expert Elicitation for Engineering Design Risk Analysis: Methodology and Experimental Results
Authors: Babuscia Alessandra , Cheung Kar-Ming
Published: October 2013

Expert elicitation is increasingly applied to different research areas. Multiple approaches have been implemented, but the development of methods to quantify experts' biases and calibration represents a challenge. As a result, the integration of multiple and often conflicting opinions can be demanding, owing to the complexity of properly weighting experts' contributions. We propose an approach to address this problem when probability densities for seed calibration variables are not available. The methodology generates an expert score that is employed to aggregate multiple-expert assessments. The approach has been experimentally applied to engineering design risk analysis. Results indicate that the approach improves the quality of the estimations. The weighted aggregations of experts' estimates based on the experts' scores achieve better results than the corresponding aggregations based on experts' opinions equally weighted.
Regional Variation in Relative Survival—Quantifying the Effects of the Competing Risks of Death by Using a Cure Fraction Model with Random Effects
Authors: Seppä Karri , Hakulinen Timo , Läärä Esa
Published: October 2013

We extend a mixture cure fraction model with random effects to allow estimation of relative survival of cancer patients by region in a country with a parsimonious number of parameters. The heterogeneity in the expected survival was taken into account such that the expected mortality rate was considered as a random quantity varying across regions. Two sets of random effects were used to describe regional variation, both in the cure fraction and in the relative survival of the non-cured patients. This hierarchical model was fitted in a Bayesian framework to the follow-up data of Finnish colon cancer patients diagnosed in 1975–2004. The public health importance of the regional differences was described by the extra survival time and avoidable deaths that could be gained, if the regional variation were eliminated and all the hospital districts in Finland achieved the most favourable level of relative survival. The differences in relative survival between the districts were quite small during the three decades. If all the districts had achieved the most favourable level of relative survival, the mean survival times of the female patients diagnosed in 1975–1984, 1985–1994 and 1995–2004 would have increased by 5%, 4% and 2% respectively.
Statistical Inference and Computational Efficiency for Spatial Infectious Disease Models with Plantation Data
Authors: Brown Patrick E. , Chimard Florencia , Remorov Alexander , Rosenthal Jeffrey S. , Wang Xin
Published: October 2013

The paper considers data from an aphid infestation on a sugar cane plantation and illustrates the use of an individual level infectious disease model for making inference on the biological process underlying these data. The data are interval censored, and the practical issues involved with the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms with models of this sort are explored and developed. As inference for spatial infectious disease models is complex and computationally demanding, emphasis is put on a minimal parsimonious model and speed of code execution. With careful coding we can obtain highly efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms based on a simple random-walk Metropolis-within-Gibbs routine. An assessment of model fit is provided by comparing the predicted numbers of weekly infections from the data to the trajectories of epidemics simulated from the posterior distributions of model parameters. This assessment shows that the data have periods where the epidemic proceeds more slowly and more quickly than the (temporally homogeneous) model predicts.
CONVERGENCE OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC CYCLES IN TURKEY
Authors: Duran Hasan Engin
Published: October 2013

Dissimilar economic fluctuations and asymmetric shocks across the regions of a country might create severe policy distortions that, under these circumstances, aggregate policy interventions (such as taxation and interest rates), are likely to be sub‐optimal for at least a fraction of the regions. For instance, monetary policy can hardly satisfy the needs of all regions when some of the regions are experiencing a boom while others are in a recession phase. For these reasons, similarity of regional business cycles and their convergence are highly desirable from a policy viewpoint. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to provide empirical evidence and policy implications in that context. In particular, I analyze business cycle correlations across Turkish provinces and the tendency of these cycles to converge over the period of analysis between 1975–2000 and 2004–2008 (for Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics [NUTS]‐2 regions). I find that regional business cycle asymmetries have tended to decrease in recent decades. This result, although it seems to provide evidence in favor of rising correlations, shows that the convergence process is rather slow and there still exist asymmetries across the regional business cycles.
Where's the Farmer? Limiting Liability in Midwestern Industrial Hog Production
Authors: Ashwood Loka , Diamond Danielle , Thu Kendall
Published: October 2013

Scholars largely assume that hog production is following the same industrialization process as the integrated poultry industry. Since the collapse of hog farming in the 1990s, academics have anticipated that producers will eventually become trapped in contracts that leave the integrator with full control over the production process. Embedded in this prediction is an assumption that hog farmers respond to these productive pressures individually. Our analysis of the Carthage Management System suggests a different path for the hog commodity chain. The Carthage Management System is a conglomeration of business management firms that bring finishing hog farmers together to form limited liability corporations (LLCs) in the breed‐to‐wean stage of hog production. We use a sociology of agrifood framework to suggest that the nuances of hog production encourage the use of what we call folding corporations to limit liability in ways that profoundly transform the family farm. Corporations and individual hog farmers alike employ this creative LLC structure to deflect responsibility for the risks of hog production. We identify how folding corporations externalize the costs of production onto rural communities. Additional research is needed to better understand unfolding farmer identities, legal protections for farmers, how widespread organizational structures like Carthage Management System are, and their consequences for rural communities and the industrialization process.
A Hamiltonian–Krein (Instability) Index Theory for Solitary Waves to KdV‐Like Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Kapitula Todd , Stefanov Atanas
Published: October 2013

The Hamiltonian–Krein (instability) index is concerned with determining the number of eigenvalues with positive real part for the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem , where is skew‐symmetric and is self‐adjoint. If has a bounded inverse the index is well established, and it is given by the number of negative eigenvalues of the operator constrained to act on some finite‐codimensional subspace. There is an important class of problems—namely, those of KdV‐type—for which does not have a bounded inverse. In this paper, we overcome this difficulty and derive the index for eigenvalue problems of KdV‐type. We use the index to discuss the spectral stability of homoclinic traveling waves for KdV‐like problems and Benjamin—Bona—Mahony‐type problems.
Health and relationships with leisure time activities in Swedish children aged 2–17 years
Authors: Berntsson Leeni T. , Ringsberg Karin C.
Published: October 2013

Background

Three cross‐sectional time series studies, randomised and stratified for age and gender, were performed on children aged 2–17, studying their health and well‐being. The studies were performed in the Nordic countries in 1984, 1996 and 2011. Long‐term illness (LTI) and psychosomatic complaints (PSC) increased during the period. Data were collected from mailed questionnaires.

Methods

Data of 1461 Swedish children from 2011 were used and compared with data from 1984 and 1996. Relationships between the health indicators (the absence of LTI, 13 diagnoses, the absence of PSC, six symptoms, six items of well‐being) and 12 activities were analysed.

Results

A total of 83.2% of the children were healthy and 16.8% had at least one LTI, boys 19.1% and girls 14.5%. PSC increased from 18.6% in 1996 to 23.1% in 2011. The distribution was higher in girls. Girls were more active than boys during leisure time. ‘Reading books’, ‘visiting friends’, ‘listening to music’ and ‘activity in organisations’ were related to an absence of PSC, LTI and well‐being. ‘Surfing/blogging on the Internet’ was negatively related to LTI, PSC and well‐being. Multiple regression showed that that ‘visits or is visited by friends’ was related with a low probability for LTI and also with a high probability for well‐being. In the logistic regression analyses, the following variables were seen as promoting health most: ‘visits or is visited by friends’ and ‘is active in organizations’ for children aged 2–17 years, especially for boys and well‐being.

Conclusions

The health of Swedish children declined between 1984 and 2011. Positive relationships were found between some activities and health as well as other activities related to ill health. The results suggest an increased focus on the activities that have positive relationships with health in order to promote health among children.
Patient participation in pressure injury prevention: giving patient's a voice
Authors: Latimer Sharon , Chaboyer Wendy , Gillespie Brigid
Published: October 2013

Pressure injuries burden patients and healthcare organisations, with some preventative practices having little impact on prevalence reduction. Patient participation in care may be an effective pressure injury prevention strategy, yet patient preferences are unknown. The aim of this interpretive study was to describe patients' perceptions of their current and future role in pressure injury prevention. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 adult inpatients recruited from four medical units, at two Australian metropolitan hospitals. Interview data were analysed using content analysis, with three categories emerging: ‘experiencing pressure injuries’; ‘participating in pressure injury prevention’; and ‘resourcing pressure injury prevention and treatment’. These categories reflect the complex nature of participants’ pressure injury experience. The findings suggest participants gather pressure injury knowledge from first‐hand and vicarious experience; knowledge they bring to hospital. Most participants preferred a proactive pressure injury prevention role. Many identified barriers in the healthcare environment that impeded their participation and affected their experience of pressure injuries and pressure injury prevention. If patient participation as a pressure injury prevention strategy is to be considered, nurses and organisations need to view patients as partners.
Balloon Cinch Deformity during Angioplasty Procedures: An Indication for Impending Rupture
Authors: Salman Loay , Castro Hector , Vazquez‐Padron Roberto I. , Monrroy Mauricio , Abdelwahed Yehia , Rizvi Abid , Duque Juan , Akmal Muhammad Usman Talha , Merrill Donna , Nayer Ali , Asif Arif
Published: October 2013

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) is a commonly performed procedure for hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction including thrombosis. While PTA is generally safe, balloon rupture during the procedure is a potential complication. Because such a rupture can cause damage to the blood vessel, indication of an imminent balloon rupture might help avoid such a complication. This analysis reports on six PTA procedures that were complicated by balloon rupture. All cases demonstrated terminal (caudal/cranial) cinch deformation. There was a loss of sharp terminal tapering and its replacement with banana silhouette before the balloon rupture. Importantly, the contour deformation and balloon rupture occurred at a pressure that was lower than the rated burst pressure. The cinch deformity can be used as an indication for impending balloon rupture. We suggest deflation of balloons that demonstrate shape deformations to avoid vascular injury.
Percutaneous and Surgical Insertion of Peritoneal Catheter in Patients Starting in Chronic Dialysis Therapy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Chula Domingos Candiota , Campos Rodrigo Peixoto , de Alcântara Márcia Tokunaga , Riella Miguel Carlos , Nascimento Marcelo Mazza do
Published: October 2013

Percutaneous peritoneal catheter insertion can be performed by trained nephrologists. The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters percutaneous inserted with the traditional surgical technique. One hundred twenty‐one PD catheters were placed in 121 stage‐5 Chronic kidney disease patients using three techniques: percutaneous insertion (Group P, n = 53), percutaneous insertion guided by radioscopy (Group R, n = 26), and surgical insertion (Group S, n = 42). The mean age of the whole cohort was 57 ± 16 years and 54% were male. Patients and catheter outcomes were followed up prospectively for 19 months. Gender, age, body mass index, previous abdominal surgeries, and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus were not significantly different among the groups as well as the incidence of bleeding and the presence of catheter dysfunction. In addition, the incidence of exit‐site infections and peritonitis was not significantly different among the groups. Finally, the survival catheter rate was not significantly different by the end of the follow‐up of 19 months (70% in P group, 85% in R, and 70% in S group (log rank = 0.88, p = 0.95). The outcome of percutaneous implanted catheters, which were inserted by a trained nephrologist, did not demonstrate to be inferior as compared with the traditional surgical approach.
Hemodialysis for the Treatment of Severe Accidental Hypothermia
Authors: Singh Tripti , Hallows Kenneth R.
Published: October 2013

Severe hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature <28°C and is associated with in‐hospital mortality rates of 50% or higher. Delays in rewarming and slower rates of rewarming are the most important prognostic factors associated with increased mortality. Arrhythmias are the most common cause of mortality in patients with severe accidental hypothermia. Electrolyte abnormalities such as hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia that may worsen when patients are rewarmed contribute to the risk of arrhythmias. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) is considered the treatment of choice for active internal rewarming of patients with severe hypothermia, but it is not always available and is time consuming to initiate. We describe a case where hemodialysis (HD) was used to treat accidental hypothermia in a patient with an initial temperature of 23.5°C. Average rewarming rates of 1.5°C/hour were achieved. The advantages of HD when compared with CBP are that it is (1) more widely and readily available, (2) less invasive, (3) less expensive, and (4) can correct associated acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities commonly seen in patients with severe hypothermia.
Fc gamma Receptor IIa‐H131R Polymorphism and Malaria Susceptibility in Sympatric Ethnic Groups, Fulani and Dogon of Mali
Authors: Maiga B. , Dolo A. , Touré O. , Dara V. , Tapily A. , Campino S. , Sepulveda N. , Corran P. , Rockett K. , Clark T. G. , Troye Blomberg M. , Doumbo O. K.
Published: October 2013

It has been previously shown that there are some interethnic differences in susceptibility to malaria between two sympatric ethnic groups of Mali, the Fulani and the Dogon. The lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria seen in the Fulani has not been fully explained by genetic polymorphisms previously known to be associated with malaria resistance, including haemoglobin S (HbS), haemoglobin C (HbC), alpha‐thalassaemia and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Given the observed differences in the distribution of FcγRIIa allotypes among different ethnic groups and with malaria susceptibility that have been reported, we analysed the rs1801274‐R131H polymorphism in the FcγRIIa gene in a study of Dogon and Fulani in Mali (n = 939). We confirm that the Fulani have less parasite densities, less parasite prevalence, more spleen enlargement and higher levels of total IgG antibodies (anti‐CSP, anti‐AMA1, anti‐MSP1 and anti‐MSP2) and more total IgE (P < 0.05) compared with the Dogon ethnic group. Furthermore, the Fulani exhibit higher frequencies of the blood group O (56.5%) compared with the Dogon (43.5%) (P < 0.001). With regard to the FcγRIIa polymorphism and allele frequency, the Fulani group have a higher frequency of the H allele (Fulani 0.474, Dogon 0.341, P < 0.0001), which was associated with greater total IgE production (P = 0.004). Our findings show that the FcγRIIa polymorphism might have an implication in the relative protection seen in the Fulani tribe, with confirmatory studies required in other malaria endemic settings.
Content‐specific gender differences in emotion ratings from early to late adulthood
Authors: Gomez Patrick , von Gunten Armin , Danuser Brigitta
Published: October 2013

The investigation of gender differences in emotion has attracted much attention given the potential ramifications on our understanding of sexual differences in disorders involving emotion dysregulation. Yet, research on content‐specific gender differences across adulthood in emotional responding is lacking. The aims of the present study were twofold. First, we sought to investigate to what extent gender differences in the self‐reported emotional experience are content specific. Second, we sought to determine whether gender differences are stable across the adult lifespan. We assessed valence and arousal ratings of 14 picture series, each of a different content, in 94 men and 118 women aged 20 to 81. Compared to women, men reacted more positively to erotic images, whereas women rated low‐arousing pleasant family scenes and landscapes as particularly positive. Women displayed a disposition to respond with greater defensive activation (i.e., more negative valence and higher arousal), in particular to the most arousing unpleasant contents. Importantly, significant interactions between gender and age were not found for any single content. This study makes a novel contribution by showing that gender differences in the affective experiences in response to different contents persist across the adult lifespan. These findings support the “stability hypothesis” of gender differences across age.
Dichotic listening, executive functions and grey matter cortical volume in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls
Authors: Nygård Merethe , Løberg Else‐Marie , Craven Alexander R. , Ersland Lars , Berle Jan Øystein , Kroken Rune A. , Johnsen Erik , Hugdahl Kenneth
Published: October 2013

Schizophrenia is characterized by cognitive impairment, especially in relation to executive functions. Brain structural abnormalities are also often seen in schizophrenia although little is known of the relationship between cognitive impairment and structural brain changes. Our aim was therefore to investigate this relationship further using MRI and a dichotic listening (DL) task with simple speech sounds and with instructions to focus attention and report only from the left or right ear stimulus. When instructed to focus attention on the left ear syllable a cognitive conflict is induced requiring the allocation of executive resources to be resolved. Grey matter (GM) volume was measured with MRI from four volumes of interests (VOIs), left and right frontal and temporal cortex, respectively, and correlated with DL performance. The results showed significant differences between the groups in their ability to focus attention on and report the left ear stimulus, which was accompanied by reduced GM volume in the left frontal and right temporal lobe VOIs. There was also a significant positive correlation between left frontal GM volume and performance on the DL task, for the groups combined. The results did not support a conclusion that an impairment in cognitive function in schizophrenia was driven by an corresponding impairment in brain structure, since there were no significant correlations when the groups were analyzed separately. It is however concluded that patients with schizophrenia are impaired in executive functions and that they also show reduced GM volumes in left frontal and right temporal lobe areas, compared to healthy controls.
Hope grounded in belief: Influences of reward for application and social cynicism on dispositional hope
Authors: Bernardo Allan B. I.
Published: October 2013

Two studies explore whether general beliefs about the social world or social axioms may be antecedents of dispositional hope. Social axioms are generalized cognitive representations that provide frames for constructing individuals’ hope‐related cognitions. Considering social axioms’ instrumental and ego‐defensive functions, two social axioms, social cynicism and reward for application are hypothesized to be negative and positive predictors of hope, respectively. Study 1 used multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis. Study 2 used structural equation modeling to test the model with a pathway linking reward for application with hope, and another pathway linking social cynicism and hope that is mediated by self‐esteem. The results are discussed in terms of extending the range of psychological constructs and processes that foster the development of hope.
Clarifying the Role of Psychological Pain in the Risks of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Acts among Patients with Major Depressive Episodes
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Xie Weizhen , Luo Xinwei , Fu Rong , Shi Chuan , Ying Xiangyu , Wang Ning , Yin Qifeng , Wang Xiang
Published: October 2013

The role of psychological pain in the risk of suicide was explored using a three‐dimensional psychological pain model (pain arousal, painful feelings, pain avoidance). The sample consisted of 111 outpatients with major depressive episodes, including 28 individuals with suicidal histories. They completed the Chinese version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Psychache Scale, and the three‐dimensional Psychological Pain Scale (TDPPS). A structured clinical interview was conducted to assess the history of suicidal acts. Significant correlations were found among BDI, BSI, and TDPPS scores (p < .01). Stepwise regression analyses showed that only pain avoidance scores significantly predicted suicide ideation at one's worst point (β = .79,p < .001) and suicidal acts (β = .46,p < .001). Pain avoidance was also a better predictor of current suicidal ideation (β = .37,p = .001) than were BDI scores (β = .31,p < .01). Increased levels of pain avoidance during a major depressive episode may be a dominant component of the motivation for suicide. Future clinical assessments for populations at high risk of suicide should include measures of psychological pain to reduce the incidence of suicide.
Six‐Month Trajectory of Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Selby Edward A. , Yen Shirley
Published: October 2013

Few studies have longitudinally examined suicidal ideation in those with adolescent‐onset borderline personality disorder (BPD). The current study aimed to examine the trajectory of suicidal ideation in adolescents with BPD longitudinally over 6 months, with follow‐ups at 2, 4, and 6 months posthospitalization for elevated suicide risk. Results indicated that the BPD group exhibited a greater decrease in suicidal ideation in the months following hospitalization than those without a BPD diagnosis. The findings of this study indicated that suicidal ideation in adolescents with BPD is not stable, and although ideation may decrease quickly after hospitalization, regular assessment of ideation is recommended.
A program to support self‐efficacy among athletes
Authors: Zagórska A. , Guszkowska M.
Published: October 2013

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a proprietary program for increasing self‐efficacy among track and field athletes through vicarious experience and successful control over excitation and to determine the changes in the cognitive dimensions related to self‐efficacy: dispositional optimism, hope of success and locus of control. An experimental two‐group design with a pre‐test and a post‐test in the experimental and control groups was used. Forty‐two athletes (29 women and 13 men) aged 17 to 24 years randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups took part in the study. The General Scale of Self‐Efficacy, Hope for Success Questionnaire, Life Orientation Test Revised, and Internal‐External Locus of Control Scale were used. The study's results indicate that the program was effective. Participants in the intervention group demonstrated a substantial increase in self‐efficacy (P = 0.001). This was not observed in the control group (P = 0.732). After the completion of the program, athletes in the intervention group had significantly higher levels of self‐efficacy (P = 0.001) and optimism (P = 0.017). They also had more internal locus of control compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Contrary to expectations, athletes in the intervention group demonstrated a substantially lower level of propensity in pathways (P = 0.001) as well as in agency (P = 0.001) (both components of the hope for success).
Examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates in male youth ice‐hockey players
Authors: Lemez S. , Baker J. , Horton S. , Wattie N. , Weir P.
Published: October 2013

The relative age effect suggests that athletes born in the first two quartiles of a given selection year experience a selection advantage and therefore a greater opportunity for success. We describe two studies examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates of Ontario Minor Hockey Association male ice‐hockey players from ages 10 to 15 years (n = 14 325). In Study 1, dropout was highest among players born in quartiles three and four [χ2(3) = 16.32, P < 0.05; w = 0.06], while Study 2 found dropped out players to have less movement between competition levels compared to retained players. This study confirms a relationship between relative age and dropout from ice‐hockey and adds further depth to our understanding of this persistent phenomenon.
The impact of playing in matches while injured on injury surveillance findings in professional football
Authors: Hammond L. E. , Lilley J. M. , Pope G. D. , Ribbans W. J.
Published: October 2013

This study aimed to analyze the frequency, nature, and consequences of footballers playing matches while injured, and to examine the impact on injury surveillance findings. High levels of inter‐rater reliability and content validity were established for a tool designed to document players who were already injured at the start of a match. The tool was implemented in three English football teams (a Championship, League 1, and League 2 team) for one season, using a “time loss” definition of injury. One hundred forty‐three matches were surveyed, revealing 102 match appearances by players who were already injured. Almost half of all games featured at least one injured player, with episodes of playing with injury occurring more frequently and lasting longer in League 2 players compared with higher level players. No association was observed between the number of injured players starting matches and match outcome [χ2(4, N = 143) = 3.27, P = 0.514]. Fifteen percent of all injury episodes captured were only through prospective documentation of playing while injured. The findings show that both traumatic and overuse injuries are managed by footballers through competitive matches, and have important implications for aiding understanding of the epidemiology of injury in professional football.
Systematics of the New Caledonian endemic genus TaophilaHeller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae) combining morphological, molecular and ecological data, with description of two new species
Authors: GÓMEZ‐ZURITA JESÚS , CARDOSO ANABELA
Published: October 2013

The genus Taophila Heller, 1916 was considered a monotypic taxon until the recent addition of 11 new species. We examined the recent revision of this genus to evaluate these new taxonomic considerations in the light of molecular data for a sample of 85 individuals in 8 out of 12 Taophila species, and to provide characters for a phylogenetic systematic analysis of the genus. These data include two mitochondrial DNA markers (cox1 and rrnS) and one nuclear DNA marker (wingless) to infer the species phylogeny, and one gene from the chloroplastic DNA (psbA‐trnH) of putatively ingested plant tissue for diet inference. Molecular data support the monophyly of the species studied, except for T. subsericea Heller, 1916, which possibly represents an ancient genetic polymorphism. The molecular phylogeny and a reassessment of morphological characters are used to propose several taxonomic changes that will achieve stable systematics in Taophila, including: (i) description of two new species, T. aphrodita sp.n. and T. gaea sp.n., both related to T. mars Samuelson, 2010; (ii) removal of T. cancellata Samuelson, 2010 from Taophila and its new combination with Dematochroma Baly, 1864; (iii) proposal of two new subgenera in Taophila to reflect deep phylogenetic divergence and profound morphological discrepancies with the anatomy of the generic type and relatives, Jolivetiana subgen.n. (type: Taophila mantillerii Jolivet, Verma & Mille, 2007) and Lapita subgen.n. (type: Taophila mars Samuelson, 2010). The analysis of putative diet sequences retrieved from all the species available for analysis show widespread associations with ferns and legumes, which can be traced back to the hypothetical common ancestor of Taophila, and an apparent generalist diet for the species in Lapita subgen.n.

This published work has been register in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:05F9C680‐3325‐409E‐A881‐C8A5AE1D136F.
Minor H antigen matches and mismatches are equally distributed among recipients with or without complications after HLA identical sibling renal transplantation
Authors: Dierselhuis M. P. , Spierings E. , Drabbels J. , Hendriks M. , Alaez C. , Alberú J. , Alvarez M. B. , Burlingham W. , Campos E. , Christiaans M. , Claas F. , Fasano M. E. , Gerbase‐DeLima M. , Gervais T. , Gorodezky C. , Larriba J. , Lardy N. M. , Latinne D. , Morales‐Buenrostro L.‐E. , Moreno M. J. , Oguz F. , Opelz G. , Sergeant R. , Tambutti M. , Teper S. , Tilanus M. , Turkmen A. , Warrens A. N. , Weimar W. , Goulmy E.
Published: October 2013

Studies of the effect of minor H antigen mismatching on the outcome of renal transplantation are scarce and concern mainly single center studies. The International Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Workshops (IHIW) provide a collaborative platform to execute crucial large studies. In collaboration with 16 laboratories of the IHIW, the role of 15 autosomal, 10 Y‐chromosome encoded minor H antigens and 3 CD31 polymorphisms, was investigated in relation to the incidence of renal graft rejection and graft loss in 444 human leukocyte antigens (HLA)‐identical sibling renal transplantations. Recipient and donor DNA samples were genotyped for the minor H antigens HA‐1, HA‐2, HA‐3, HA‐8, HB‐1, ACC‐1, ACC‐2, SP110, PANE1, UGT2B17, C19Orf48, LB‐ECGF‐1, CTSH, LRH‐1, LB‐ADIR and HY. The correlation between minor H antigen mismatch and the primary outcome graft rejection or graft loss was statistically analyzed. The incidence of rejection was very low and no correlation was observed between one or more minor H antigen mismatch(es) and a rejection episode (n = 36), of which only eight resulted in graft loss. In summary, in our study cohort of 444 renal transplants, mismatching for neither autosomal nor HY minor H antigens correlate with rejection episodes or with graft loss.
The novel allele DRB1*07:23 was revealed by LABType HD DRB1 typing test and confirmed by sequence‐based HLA typing
Authors: Witter K. , Zahn R. , Spannagl M. , Dick A.
Published: October 2013

The novel allele HLA‐DRB1*07:23 shows a single nucleotide change in comparison to DRB1*07:01:01:01.
Hydrothermal overprint on Cenozoic sediments in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais: implications for precious metals in cratonic terrains
Authors: Cabral Alexandre Raphael , Koglin Nikola
Published: October 2013

Cenozoic sediments deposited in graben‐like basins in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, southern São Francisco craton, Brazil, have anomalous contents of Hg and Sb. Two localities have been studied: the topaz deposit of Antônio Pereira, and the remains of the old opencast workings at Cata Preta, one of the earliest Au mines of Minas Gerais that dates back to about 1690. At Cata Preta, a brecciated wad‐like rock exhibits geochemical fingerprints that point to fractionation of Pt and Pd from Ag. This metal fractionation, reflected in the Au ingots produced in the region, genetically links Cata Preta to the near‐surface bonanza ore of Serra Pelada, which formed as a result of a Late‐Cretaceous hydrothermal overprint in the Amazon craton. Here, we propose that anorogenic hydrothermal activity in cratonic terrains prepared the ground for the enrichment in precious metals that gave rise to two of the most important Au rushes in Brazilian history.
A middle–late Ediacaran volcano‐sedimentary record from the eastern Arabian‐Nubian shield
Authors: Nettle David , Halverson Galen P. , Cox Grant M. , Collins Alan S. , Schmitz Mark , Gehling James , Johnson Peter R. , Kadi Khalid
Published: October 2013

The Ediacaran Jibalah Group comprises volcano‐sedimentary successions that filled small fault‐bound basins along the NW–SE‐trending Najd fault system in the eastern Arabian‐Nubian Shield. Like several other Jibalah basins, the Antaq basin contains exquisitely preserved sedimentary structures and felsic tuffs, and hence is an excellent candidate for calibrating late Ediacaran Earth history. Shallow‐marine strata from the upper Jibalah Group (Muraykhah Formation) contain a diversity of load structures and intimately related textured organic (microbial) surfaces, along with a fragment of a structure closely resembling an Ediacaran frond fossil and a possible specimen of Aspidella. Interspersed carbonate beds through the Muraykhah Formation record a positive δ13C shift from −6 to 0‰. U‐Pb zircon geochronology indicates a maximum depositional age of ~570 Ma for the upper Jibalah Group, consistent with previous age estimates. Although this age overlaps with that of the upper Huqf Supergroup in nearby Oman, these sequences were deposited in contrasting tectonic settings on opposite sides of the final suture of the East African Orogen.
Ukrainian LabourMigration and Remittances in theCzechRepublic
Authors: Strielkowski Wadim , Weyskrabova Blanka
Published: October 2013

Our paper analysesUkrainian migration and remittances in theCzechRepublic using the data from aUkrainianMigrationProject (UMP) survey. Due to its advantageous geographical location in the heart ofEurope, theCzechRepublic attracts the considerable part of foreign labour among allCentral andEasternEuropean countries (CEE), withUkrainian workers being the largest group. Our results reveal that the main determinants ofUkrainian labour migration in theCzechRepublic are demographic and economic, while the human capital turns out to be insignificant. We also find that the majority of the remittances earned in theCzechRepublic go to the construction of houses inUkraine. Our findings of determinants and motives of migration and remittances might help policy‐makers on both sides of the migration corridor to formulate proper policies aiming at enhancing theUkrainian remittance transfers fromCEECsand ameliorating the quality of life inUkraine.