bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High burden of MDR, XDR, PDR, and MBL producing Gram negative bacteria causing infections in Kermanshah health centers during 2019-2020
Authors: Kadivarian Sepide , Rostamian Mosayeb , Dashtbin Shirin , Kooti Sara , Zangeneh Zahra , Abiri Ramin , Alvandi Amirhooshang
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Microorganisms producing Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL) are a threat and cause of concern as they have become one of the most feared resistance mechanisms. This study was designed to explore the prevalence of MBL production in clinical isolates of Gram negative bacteria using phenotypic MBL detection.
Materials and Methods: A total of 248 isolates were collected from various clinical samples and were evaluated for car- bapenem resistance and MBL production. All strains were screened for MBL production using Double Disk Confirmatory Test (DDCT).
Results: The results of screening for MBL production using phenotypic disk diffusion method showed that in the 85 isolates were carbapenemase positive; including, 10 (16.1%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 (14.5%) Escherichia coli, 58 (93.6%) Acine- tobacter baumannii, and 8 (12.9%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Also, 83 (97.6) Carbapenemase-producing isolates were resistant to at least four classes of antimicrobials (MDR).
Conclusion: A. baumannii was the most common carbapenem resistant bacterium in medical centers in Kermanshah. Significant multiple drug resistance (MDR) incidence was observed compared to different classes of antibiotics.
Fungal and bacterial co-infection in the superficial and deep sternal wound after open cardiac surgery
Authors: Riahi Gholamali , Koohsari Ebrahimeh , Hosseini Seyed Sedigheh
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Sternum infection increases the time of the patients stay in the hospital and, as a result, increases the treatment costs. This study aimed to evaluate the fungal and bacterial co-infection in the superficial and deep sternal wounds after open cardiac surgery and its relationship with risk factors, as sternal infection increases the time of the patient's stay in the hospital and, as a result, increases the treatment costs.
Materials and Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire and sampling with two swabs after open heart surgery and hospitalization from 21 March 2018 to 20 March 2019 and sent to the laboratory for diagnosis of microorganisms effective in wound infection. Susceptibility testing for fluconazole and specific antibiotics was performed by the disk diffusion method.
Results: Out of 210 patients studied, 2% of patients had deep sternal wound infections. The most common coinfection fungal and bacterial agents in sternal wounds were caused by Staphylococcus aureus with Candida glabrata 4% and Escherichia coli with Candida albicans 2%. S. aureus and E. coli showed the highest antibiotic susceptibility to the antibiotics ciproflox- acin, norfloxacin, meropenem, and imipenem. Candida glabrata and Candida albicans had the highest rate of resistance to fluconazole.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, patients on the 7th day in the cardiac care unit (CCU) and the 28th day are at higher risk of getting confection of fungi with bacteria in the sternal wound. Therefore, timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy, including the use of appropriate antibiotics, can be an important step in the patient's recovery.
The high cross-transmission in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus between healthy and patient communities
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Behnood Haji , Rahbarnia Leila , Dehnad Alireza , Naghili Behrooz , Saffarian Parvaneh
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causes of high mor- tality and morbidity in hospitals. This study was aimed to examine virulence factors, molecular typing, and the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA isolates in hemodialysis patients and healthy communities.
Materials and Methods: Total of 231 and 400 nasal samples were obtained from hemodialysis patients and healthy com- munities, respectively. Virulence factors profile was examined in two groups by PCR reaction. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) was used as a molecular typing approach.
Results: Overall, 35.49% (82/231) of hemodialysis patients were positive for S. aureus, and 47.56% (39/82) of isolates were positive for mecA. In a healthy community, 15% (60/400) of samples were positive for S. aureus, and 36.66% (22/60) were positive for mecA. The frequency of MDR was significantly higher in patients group (p-value < 0.00001). The frequency of pvl (p.value = 0.003932, P<0.05) and tsst-1 (p.value = 0.003173, p < .05) were significantly higher in patients group. The highest frequency virulence factors in healthy individuals were related to hla (68.33%, 41/60), hlb (53.33%, 32/60), and Acme/arcA (46.66%) genes. Two groups were clustered by the ERIC-PCR method into 7 clusters and 2 single isolate with a 0.74 similarity index. Based on the results, each cluster was combination with healthy and patient isolates.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate a notable variation in the frequency of virulence factors between S. aureus isolates ob- tained from dialysis patients and the healthy community.
Effects of genetic and environmental variables on biofilm development dynamics in Achromobacter mucicolens
Authors: Al-Kahachi Rusul , Al-Asadi Sura , Oun Ali Zainab , Rampurawala Jamila
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: The study aimed to investigate whether Achromobacter mucicolens IA strain biofilm forma- tion, which contributes to antibiotic resistance, could be enhanced by readily available nutrient sources like carbohydrates and environmental factors such as pH and NaCl. Additionally, the study aimed to identify any inherent genes that support biofilm formation in this strain, which is an opportunistic pathogen that affects immunocompromised patients and is resistant to many antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Biofilm growth in different carbohydrate, pH, and NaCl concentrated media was measured using crystal violet microtiter assay. All the treatments were subjected to biostatistics analysis for normality, Test of Homogeneity, one way ANOVA analysis. Whole-genome sequencing of our IA strain was conducted to identify various gene sequences.
Results: Biofilm formation was measured at different carbohydrate concentrations, and the optimum biofilm formation was observed at 3M glucose and 0.5M NaCl, while the lowest results were seen at 2M maltose concentration. Whole-genome sequencing identified potential genes involved in biofilm formation, pathogenicity, protein metabolism, flagellar motility, cell wall component synthesis, and a multidrug efflux pump.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that biofilm formation is influenced by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, which could aid in the development of effective treatments for resistant infections.
Molecular identification of Anaplasma platys in cattle by nested PCR
Authors: Al-Saadi Mohammed , Al-Sallami Dhama , Alsultan Amjed
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Anaplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram- negative bacterium from Anaplasmata- ceae family. Anaplasma causes high economic losses worldwide. 16S rRNA analysis was used to diagnose Anaplasma platys in Cattle. Phylogenetic tree and estimation of evolutionary divergence between A. platys isolates were performed.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 blood samples were collected from a cattle farm in AL- Diwaniyah province. 16S rRNA gene was identified using nested PCR. Overall, 40% of cattle that were chosen to collect the blood were identified to be infected with A. platys.
Results: The results have shown presence of targeting partial region of 16S rRNA gene in 24 samples out of 60. Sequenc- ing results of 10 samples have revealed that the phylogenetic tree was divided in to two separate clades. Five isolates of A. platys- Iraq (accession no. OP646782, OP646783, OP646784, OP646790, and OP646791) were located in one clade with the A. platys- China (accession no. MN193068.1). While, five isolates (accession no. OP646785, OP646786, OP646787, OP646788, OP646789) were in different clade with two isolates of A. platys- Africa and A. platys- Zambia in distinct branch- es, close to the Rickettsiales.
Conclusion: The phylogenetic study of A. platys sequences indicated that the isolates were collected from a cattle farm in Al- Dewaniyah were similar and close related to A. platys- China, A. platys- Zambia and A. platys- Africa). This study suggests that cattle can be considered a reservoir of A. platys.
In vitro antifungal potency of the moronecidin-like peptide against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis
Authors: Amirrajab Nasrin , Ayatollahi Mousavi Seyed Amin , Taheri Behrooz , Salari Samira , Ahmadi Sarsahra Noor Ali
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal potency of the moronecidin-like peptide against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate the antifungal effect of moronecidin-like peptide, the protocol presented in CLSI M27-A3 and CLSI M27-S4 was used and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined.
Results: The minimum inhibitory effect of moronecidin-like peptide composition was 8 µg/ml for Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans and 32 µg/ml for Candida glabrata. The MIC of nystatin was determined to be 1.25 µg/ml for Candida glabrata and Candida albicans and 0.625 µg/ml for Candida tropicalis strains. The MFC composition of the moroneci- din-like peptide was determined for Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans strains 8 µg/ml and for Candida glabrata strain 64 µg/ml. The results of cytotoxicity and hemolysis of the moronecidin peptide test on macrophage showed that moronecidin peptide has no cytotoxicity and toxicity properties.
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the moronecidin-like peptide could be a new strategy in the treat- ment of infections caused by Candida strains. The discovery of the exact mechanism of which requires extensive clinical studies in this field.
Investigating the effect of MAP2K1 gene (MEK1) in MAPK pathway in the induction of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)
Authors: Hosseini Parastoo , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas , Marjani Arezoo , Tavakoli Mahnaz , Amiri Abdollah , Hosseini Amin , Bahavar Atefeh , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza , Norouzi Mehdi
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: HTLV-1 is responsible for two important diseases, HAM/TSP and ATLL. Approximately 10 to 20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide. Identifying altered genes in different cancers is crucial for finding potential treatment strategies. One of the proteins of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway is MEK1, which is made from the MAP2K1 gene. The effects of the MAP2K1 gene on the MAPK signaling pathway are not yet fully elucidated. The current study aims to determine the MAP2K1 gene mutations and the level of MAP2K1 gene expression in ATLL patients compared to healthy individuals.
Materials and Methods: Ten ATLL and 10 healthy control individuals were investigated in this study. We used ELISA test to screen anti-HTLV-I antibodies and PCR for confirmation of infection. Then, we extracted total RNA from fresh whole blood, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression levels of the MAP2K1 gene were examined by qRT-PCR, and to check possible mutations in the MAP2K1 gene; all samples were sequenced and analyzed by BioEdite Software.
Results: MAP2K1 gene expression in the ATLL group was significantly higher than in the healthy control (P=0.001). The mutational sequencing analysis showed nucleotide 212 (S→R) change and identification mutations at different nucleotides that were entirely different from the nucleotide mutations defined in the UniProt database.
Conclusion: These results could be a perspective in the prevention, prognosis, and targeted treatment of diseases in which the MAP2K1 gene plays a vital role.
Human health risk assessment of trace elements in PM10 for industrial areas in Gujarat
Authors: Nihalani Seema , Jariwala Namrata , Khambete Anjali
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The present study examines human exposure to Particulate Matter (PM10) and analyses potential health concerns in the industrial zones of Ankleshwar and Vapi in Gujarat.
Materials and methods: For Ankleshwar and Vapi, 120 samples were collected, and characterisation was carried out to determine the concentration of NO3, SO4, NH3, K-S, Na, EC, OC, Al, Si, Fe, K, Ti, Ni, Br, Ca, Cl, Mn, Pb, Cr, Zn, S, V, and Cu in PM10 mass. The health risk from exposure to different trace elements, including both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic, is evaluated for three distinct paths of ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
Results: The Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) values for Cr and Pb for the ingestion pathway and the carcinogenic risks for Cr, Ni, and Pb for the inhalation pathway are both found to be higher than the minimal permissible threshold (1×10−6) for both children and adults for Ankleshwar and Vapi. However, for Ankleshwar and Vapi, the carcinogenic risks from dermal exposure to Cr and Pb are found to be lower than the permissible limit for both adults and children. It is observed that non-carcinogenic Hazard Index (HI) values for the skin contact and ingestion routes are less than 1 for both children and adults for Ankleshwar and Vapi. While the HI value for the inhalation pathway is found to be larger than the tolerable limit of 1 for both adults and children.
Conclusion: For the purpose of creating sustainable cities and improving the health of the urban population, this study will provide a fundamental basis and help the governing authorities design mandatory pollution prevention and control methods, restoration plans, and systematic monitoring programmes.
Long-term health and economic impacts of air pollution in Greater Geneva
Authors: Cucchi Irène , Chanel Olivier
Published: June 2023

Introduction: We estimated the health and economic impacts of chronic exposure to air pollution for the Swiss part of the Greater Geneva area from 2016 to 2018.
Materials and methods: We extracted from fine-scale modelled concentration maps for two pollutant indicators, particulate matter PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide. Then, we performed a quantitative health impact assessment of the health burden attributable to anthropogenic-origin air pollution, and estimated the benefits of compliance with the federal Ordinance on Air Pollution Control (OAPC) limit values. Finally, we computed the economic impacts of these health effects.
Results: Exposure to fine particles of anthropogenic origin was responsible for 7.5% of annual mortality (280 deaths or 5,900 life years lost), for 14 lung cancers and for 68 strokes annually in the Canton of Geneva. Compliance with the OAPC limit value of 10 µg/m3 as an annual average would reduce annual mortality by 1.5% (62 deaths avoided or 1,300 life years gained). Exposure to anthropogenic-origin NO2 was associated with 5.3% of annual deaths (approximately 200 deaths per year). The estimated total negative economic impacts of anthropogenic-origin fine particles were at least CHF2017 1.3 billion per year, whereas compliance with the OAPC limit values would result in annual economic benefits of at least CHF2017 290 million.
Conclusion: We confirmed that air quality remains a health issue on which stakeholder mobilisation is vital. Action plans should tackle emissions from freight and personal mobility, heating, industry and agriculture, while seeking to improve knowledge on health risks from air pollution exposure.
Grill workers and air pollution health effects from charcoal combustion in Vientiane capital
Authors: Sychareun Vanphanom , Vongxay Viengnakhone , Chaleunvong Kongmany , Thongmixay Souksamone , Soulideth Bounmany , Archer Diane , O’Neill Connie , Durham Jo
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Grilled street foods are popular in urban communities in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Charcoal is the main fuel used for, posing a risk of elevated exposure to toxic pollutants. This study explored levels of cooking-related pollutants from grilled food business and workers’ health effects.
Materials and methods: A quantitative approach using multiple techniques was conducted during March and April 2022 in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Methods included pollutant emission estimation from charcoal-combusting grill shops/street-carts and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) measurement, and examined the exposure and health effects among grill workers. Multiple sampling techniques were applied to identify study samples. Respiratory symptoms were the health effect of interest among grill workers.
Results: Estimated emission of pollutants was over 75 tons/year from grill shops. Average PM 2.5 level was 84.8 μg/m3 (21.6 - 254.8 μg/m3); which i above standard limits. A very high level of PM2.5 was found in grill markets. Most grill workers were female, worked 6-7 days/week, at least 8 h/day. Factors contributing to the presence of respiratory symptoms among grill workers were female gender, low income, indoor grilling, more years of grill-work, experience of intense smoke-cough, self-reliance on health and cigarette smoking.
Conclusion: Grilling contributes to ambient air pollution, posing potential adverse environmental and public health impacts. Grill workers are likely to be exposed to high levels of all forms of air pollutants from street food grilling. Effective strategies are required to better protect grill workers from the effect of exposure to these harmful toxins and minimize the negative impacts on their health.
Air quality index (AQI) changes and spatial variation in Bangladesh from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Patoary Md Nasir Ahmmed , Nayeem Abdullah Al , Rahman Marziat
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The quality of air is becoming progressively worsen day to day. The increasing concentration of air pollution and its associated health effects are rapidly rising in Bangladesh and have drawn attention in recent years. The purpose of the research is to look into the increasing levels of air pollution in Bangladesh, specifically the proportion of Air Quality Index (AQI) in four seasons and six districts, monthly mean AQI, the correlation between PM2.5 and AQI between 2014 and 2019.
Materials and methods: The AQI data from six monitoring stations have been collected for research purposes from Continuous Air Monitoring Stations (CAMS). MS Excel 2020 and IBM SPSS V27 were used for the analysis.
Results: This study reveals that air quality in six districts of Bangladesh has been declining from 2014 to 2019, with winter and monsoon seasons being the most polluted. Dhaka and Narayanganj were found to have the unhealthiest (PM 2.5) air quality. There is a strong relationship between Paerticulate Matters (PM 2.5) and AQI, with AQI increasing with the amount of PM2.5 in all cities. In January, February, March, November, and December, the monthly mean AQI was higher, but in May, June, and July, the mean was lower. The F-values were significant based on seasons and stations. Overall, the study highlights the increasing air pollution and associated health effects in Bangladesh.
Conclusion: Air pollution in Bangladesh is a significant issue due to industrialization, urbanization, transportation, and fuel use, resulting in consistently high AQI levels throughout the year except during rainy months.
Investigation of noise annoyance and audiometric results of Tehran subway workers and their relation to noise exposure
Authors: Nadri Farshad , Mousavifard Zahrasadat , Mohseni Seyed Mohammad Sharif , Nadri Hamed , Tardideh Elahe
Published: June 2023

Introduction: One of the most important sources of pollution is the noise generated by traffic and transportation, especially the urban railway system (metro), thus this study aimed to assess the noise exposure of Tehran Metro employees and its relation with noise annoyance and audiometric results of employees.
Materials and methods: Measurement was done by using a TES-1351B sound level meter recommendations for all employees which consists of the staff of the station affairs and the staff of the administrative department. A self-reporting questionnaire on workplace noise annoyance were distributed to the employees and then audiometric were used to measure the employees' hearing level.
Results: The average noise exposure in platform workers was 79.3±10 dB and in control room workers was 56.5±6.9 dB. A significant difference was found between the average noise exposure in the employees of the two groups (control room-platform) (p-value=0.001). Based on the results, noise in the work environment was significantly more annoying for people working in metro line 1 than in line 6 (p-value=0.025).
Conclusion: These results show that in general, due to the sound pressure level of 10% of the platform employees being higher than the permissible limit and the increase in the level of noise annoyance of the employees at the frequency of 8 kHz, it is necessary to plan and adopt administrative and technical-engineering measures to reduce the level of noise pollution to about it seems necessary to allow the standard.
Privilege and Practice in the Ottoman Chancery c. 1600: Kırklı Gedikliler
Authors: Woodhead Christine
Published: June 2023

As a measure of rationalization in the Ottoman central chancery after the Eğri campaign of 1596, forty imperial council secretaries (divan-ı hümayun katipleri) were granted permanent exemption from the campaign service required by their status as zeamet-holders. An archive register, KK 7530, lists these holders of ‘a position as one of the 40’ (kırklı gedikliler) and names 29 others who succeeded to vacancies in this group between 1598 and 1610. It is thus possible to examine over a twelve-year period such aspects as the length of tenure and the rate of turnover, the background and status of original holders and their successors, and, in some cases, the manner of appointment to this particular group of secretaries. The first part of the article is a commentary on such elements in the register, focussing mainly on the original kırklı gedikliler, but with some comment on their successors. The second part gives a full transcription of the register. KK 7530 provides insight into a little- known group of Ottoman state servants c. 1600.
Osmanlı-Kutsal İttifak Savaşlarında Bir Savaş Finansman Kaynağı Olarak Nefîr-i Âmm Bedeli (1688-1689)
Authors: Tuğluca Murat
Published: June 2023

Osmanlıların 1683’te Viyana önlerindeki yenilgisi, Avrupa’da Kutsal İttifak adıyla bir haçlı birliğinin doğmasına neden oldu. İttifaka karşı yapılan savaşlarda Osmanlı Devleti, Macaristan’da ve Mora’da toprak kaybetmeye başladı. 1686’da ka- yıplar sarsıcı boyutlara erişince nefîr-i âmm ilanına gidildi. Bundan sonra cihada katılmak Müslümanlar için fıkhen farz-ı ayn haline gelmiş ve bir nevi seferberlik hayata geçirilmiştir. Nefîr-i âmm, ahaliye askeri olduğu kadar mali yükümlülükler de getiriyordu. Bu kapsamda 1688’de nefîr-i âmm bedeli adıyla yeni bir vergi tarh edildi. Çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin nefîr-i âmm bedeli uygulaması çerçevesinde hazine gelirlerini artırma çabası incelenmiş ve bu bedelin savaşın sürdürülebilirliğine yaptığı mali katkı ile yeni vergiye karşı toplumun gösterdiği tavır üzerine yoğunlaşılmıştır. İncelemeler neticesinde nefîr-i âmm bedeli kapsamında devletin toplam gelirlerinin %3,28’ine tekabül eden bir katkının sağlandığı ve verginin toplanması esnasında ahalinin kayda değer bir muhalefet sergilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Efkâr-ı Atîkaya Husumet: Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın Örtbas Ettiği Bir Vehhabilik Risalesi
Authors: Koçyiğit Ömer
Published: June 2023

Bu makale Osmanlı-Vehhabi ilişkileri hakkında yaygın bir kanaatin kaynağını, nedenlerini ve sonuçlarını incelemektedir. Bu kanaate göre Osmanlı merkez uleması Hicaz’ı işgal etmelerine rağmen Vehhabiler hakkında ilgisiz kalmış, önemsemedikleri bu meselenin çözümünü devlet adamlarına bırakmıştır. Bu iddia ilk olarak Ahmed Cevdet Paşa’nın 1870’lerde kaleme aldığı Tarih-i Cevdet’te ortaya konmuş ve kendisinden sonra pek çok kişi tarafından tekrar edilmiştir. Böylece Cevdet Paşa Osmanlı’da Vehhabilik telakkisine yön veren, bu konuyu etraflıca ele alan ilk kişi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Oysa İstanbul’da erken dönemde Cevdet Paşa’nın eleştirdiği ulema tarafından yazılan, çoğaltılan ve yaygın olarak kullanılan bir Vehhabilik risalesi vardı. Üstelik Cevdet Paşa bu risaledeki bilgileri kitabında kullanmış fakat eserden bahsetmeyip dönemin ulemasının Vehhabiliğe kayıtsız kaldığını yinelemiştir. Paşanın yaklaşımını ele alan bu makale, onun bu tavrının söz konusu risalenin şârihi olan dönemin şeyhülislamı Ataullah Efendi’ye olan siyasi husumetinden kaynak- landığını iddia etmektedir. Zira Nizam-ı Cedid’in padişahı Sultan III. Selim’i taht- tan indiren Ataullah Efendi, Cevdet Paşa’nın gözünde “efkâr-ı atîka” sahibi birisiydi. Tanzimat’ın savunucusu olan Cevdet Paşa’nın eski devir ulemasını tenkit edip Ata- ullah Efendi’nin risalesini gizlemesi ise Osmanlı-Vehhabilik literatürünü doğrudan şekillendirmişti
Modern Harp Teknolojilerine Ayak Uydurmak: Hafif Silah Üretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi Maksadıyla Yurtdışına Gönderilen Osmanlı Askerî Personeli (-)
Authors: Soyluer Serdal
Published: June 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nde tahsil için yurtdışına öğrenci gönderme düşüncesi tespit edilebildiği kadarıyla ilk kez on sekizinci yüzyılın ilk yarısında gündeme gelmiştir. Aynı yüzyılın ikinci yarısında tatbik imkânı bulan tasarı on dokuzuncu yüzyılda bir devlet politikasına dönüşmüştür. Özellikle Tanzimat Devri olarak adlandırılan sürecin başlangıcından itibaren Avrupa’nın bilim ve teknoloji alanında önde gelen devletlerine çok sayıda Osmanlı tebaası öğrenci gönderilmeye başlamıştır. Ancak bu kez sadece modern Osmanlı eğitim kurumlarının talebeleri değil, aynı zamanda devlete ait imalathâne ve fabrikalarda üretim sürecini denetlemesi hedeflenen askeriye mensubu kitle ile yine bu sektörde kalifiye eleman olarak istihdamı plânlanan Osmanlı işçileri de teknik konularda görgü ve bilgilerini arttırmaları, beceri kazanmaları maksadıyla Avrupa’ya gönderilmiştir. Gerek teorik eğitim gerekse meslekî teknik eğitim tahsili amacıyla yurtdışına yollanan Osmanlı öğrencileri hakkında bugüne kadar müstakil birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak bu çalışmalarda modern silah teknolojilerini öğrenmeleri maksadıyla yurtdışına gönderilen Osmanlı askerî personelinden neredeyse hiç bahsedilmemiştir. Bu makale, Avrupa’da silah teknolojilerinin büyük değişim gösterdiği on dokuzuncu yüzyılda modern hafif silah yapım tekniklerini öğrenerek Osmanlı silah imalathânelerinde bu tür silahlardan üretmeleri ve keza üretime nezaret etmeleri beklenen Osmanlı askerî personelinin Avrupa’daki eğitim süreçlerini aydınlatmak; modern silah üretimi ve temininde dışa bağımlılığı en az seviyeye indirgemek maksadıyla girişilen bu mühim Osmanlı projesinin sonuçlarını irdelemek üzere kaleme alınmıştır.
Prof. Dr. Kemal Çiçek’in VIII. Taşnak Kongresine Takılmasının Perde Arkası
Authors: Uca Alaattin
Published: June 2023

2-4 Mayıs 2012 tarihlerinde Erzurum Atatürk Üniversitesinde düzenlenen I. Uluslararası Türk-Ermeni İlişkileri ve Büyük Güçler Sempozyumunda Prof. Dr. Kemal Çiçek tarafından sunulan “VIII. Taşnak Kongresi: Ermenilerin Karar Anı” adlı bildiride, Dr. Bahaeddin Şakir’in VIII. Taşnak Kongresine katılıp katılmadığı hususunda şöyle eleştirilmiştim:
“...Bununla birlikte İttihat ve Terakki partisi heyetinde olduğu iddia edilen kişiler hakkında bazı biyografik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bunlar arasında en dikkat çeken çalışmalardan birisi Dr. Bahaeddin Şakir hakkındadır. Hatırlatmak gerekirse; Dr. Bahaeddin Şakir Bey Taşnakların Erzurum’daki 8. Kongresine İttihat ve Terakki adına katıldığı iddia edilen kişidir. Nitekim onun hakkında detaylı bir doktora tezi hazırlayan Alaattin Uca’ya göre de Dr. Bahaeddin Şakir 1914 yılında Erzurum’da yapılan Ermeni Taşnak Kongresi’ne İttihat ve Terakki’nin “kâtibi mesulü” olarak katılmıştır. Hatta Uca’ya göre, Dr. Bahaeddin Şakir Bey, bu kongreye Ermenilerin Rusya ile işbirliğini önlemek ve Ruslara karşı Osmanlı Devleti’nin yanında mücadele etmelerini sağlamak gibi özel bir misyon üstlenerek katılmış, fakat bir sonuç elde edememiştir. Bu ifade tartışmasız bir şekilde Dr. Bahaeddin Şakir başkanlığında bir İttihatçı heyetin Erzurum’da bulunduğunu ve Taşnak Kongresi esnasında görüşmeler yaptığını ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda Alaattin Uca’nın bu tespiti Ermeni si- yasetçilerinin hatıratlarıyla da uyuşmaktadır. Bu durum Erzurum’daki Taşnak Kongresine İttihatçıların heyet gönderdiği tezini savunan başta Kamuran Gürün ve Salahi R. Sonyel gibi araştırmacıları doğrulamaktadır. (...)
Walter Feldman, Osmanlı’da Mevleviliğin Kültürel Tarihi: Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Şiir, Müzik ve Tasavvuf,
Authors: Özdemir Serkan
Published: June 2023

Klasik Osmanlı müziği, Yahudi müziği ve Klezmer müzik alanlarında çalışan bir araştırmacı ve müzisyen olan Feldmann’ın Osmanlı kültür hayatını merkeze alan Türk edebiyatı ve müziği üzerine yaptığı çok sayıda araştırması vardır. Mevleviliğin tarihine ve müzikle olan ilişkisine odaklanan bu çalışma uzun bir araştırmanın ürü- nüdür ve Osmanlı kültür tarihi, Mevlevilik ve etnomüzikoloji alanında bir temel kaynak niteliği taşır. Kitap bir yandan Mevleviliğin tarihini işlerken, diğer taraf- tan da Mevlevi müziğini teknik ve yapısal bakımdan analiz ediyor. Yazar, kitabın önsözünde amacının Mevlevi dervişlerin sema, mukabele, ayin gibi adlarla anılan törenlerinin altında yatan müzik, şiir ve mistik pratiğin birbiriyle olan karmaşık etkileşimini açığa çıkarmak olduğunu belirtir. Bu doğrultuda Mevlevilik ve musiki ilişkisine odaklanır. Bunların Osmanlı kültür hayatındaki yerini tespit etmeye çalışır. Ayrıca Mevleviliğin kentli üst sınıf ve taşra nüfus yanında üst düzey devlet bürok- rasisiyle kurduğu sosyal, kültürel ve siyasi bağlantıların kapısını aralar. Mevleviliğin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndaki siyasi ve sosyal (edebî, musiki, dinî) etkilerini araştırır.
Advanced training of specialists for space construction
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Reznik Sergey V. , Mikhailovski Konstantin V. , Shafikova Inna R.
Published: June 2023

This article considers the issue of training designers and technicians for the creation of orbital and planetary structures within the group of specialties 24.00.00 “Aviation and rocket and space technology”. This work is relevant due to the expanding plans for the construction of national and international space stations in the Earth and the Moon orbits, and the construction of bases on the surface of celestial bodies. It is assumed that the exploration of celestial bodies can begin before the end of this decade with the bases created on the surface of the Moon. It is noted that the implementation of these projects must involve the modular principle, the use of robotic mechanisms, smart composite materials, natural resources of celestial bodies and solar energy. Several international master’s degree programs in space construction and architecture are described in brief. As an example, the key features of the new master’s degree curriculum in the field of training 24.04.01 “Rocket complexes and Cosmonautics” developed at the Department of SM-13 “Rocket and Space Composite Structures” at the Bauman Moscow State Technical University are given. A number of new disciplines, new for an aerospace university have been included in the curriculum for the master’s degree graduate to form the necessary competencies in the field of space construction.
Modular principle to competence- and process-based additional professional training program formation
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Anamova Rushana R. , Bykov Leonid V. , Kozorez Dmitry A.
Published: June 2023

The process of designing the content of additional professional training programs for personnel of enterprises and organizations is quite laborious since it requires consideration of the customer’s requirements for the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the employee, same as legislative and regulatory acts in the workplace. In this article, the authors propose a new methodology for forming the content of additional professional training programs on a modular principle, the practical implementation of which is a program design service for the work of a methodologist and an expert on the part of the customer. The concept of the program design service is based on: a competency based approach, which allows determining the goals of education, organizing the educational process and evaluating its results, and a process approach, reflecting the interconnections and interdependencies between the design elements of additional professional training programs. The capabilities of the program design service include: providing a list of competencies from a ready-made list for selection by a methodologist; conclusion of a list of disciplines (modules) that form the specified competencies; formation of an educational and educational-thematic plan and assessment tools package for an additional professional training program. The program design service will speed up the development process and make it more convenient and “transparent” for the customer, formalize the work of the methodologist when designing an additional professional training program, ideal for remote interaction.
Organization experience of network education form in Aerospace Institute of MAI
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Sadretdinova Elnara R. , Tushavina Olga V. , Zagovorchev Vladimir A.
Published: June 2023

To date, one of the forms of implementation of educational programs in higher education is a network form of student education, where students are trained using the resources of several educational organizations, as well as with the involvement of partners from industry. The article presents the experience of organizing MAI network training in the implementation of the interaction of basic universities and partner universities.
Inverse problems solving as a scientific base for monitoring aircraft technical condition
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technical University n.a. A.N. Tupolev, Kostin Vladimir A. , Valitova Natalia L.
Published: June 2023

The inverse problems, when the coefficients of the equation are unknown, but the initial, boundary and other additional conditions are known, form a wide class of so-called coefficient inverse problems. Most of inverse problems are ill-posed. The instability of the solution of such problems and the errors of numerical methods lead to an increase in the resulting error by several times in comparison with the input error. It is clear that the ability to find a stable solution is critical for a specialist performing various kinds of diagnostics. The progress of today’s measuring and computing technology contributes to the development of applied inverse problems. Until recently, many formulations of inverse problems were impossible, since the measurement accuracy and computing power were insufficient. At present, it becomes possible to process large amounts of information in a short time, and in this regard, technologies for solving inverse problems are rapidly developing. These technologies should also be mastered by a modern specialist in the field of “Aircraft Engineering”. The proposed article is an initiative topic that arose on the basis of certification tests conducted in a strength laboratory. The authors propose a new discipline for KNRTU-KAI intended for training and professional development of specialists in the field of diagnostics of complex technical systems, such as aircraft structures. The main goal of the discipline is to give students the necessary competencies on the foundation of scientific methods of basic education in a specialized technical university. Those competencies will allow them to ensure the necessary technical condition of aircraft during operation, in accordance with the current airworthiness standards.
HR risk analysis and assessment for scientific and pedagogical staff of Higher education institutions
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Solovova Natalya V. , Sukhankina Natalia V. , Kalmykova Olga Yur’evna
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the challenges of building of HR capacity in higher education institutions aimed at minimizing HR risks in conditions of uncertainty of regulations for HEIs scientific and pedagogical staff. Assessment of staffing for the educational programs implemented at Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev (Samara University) by university schools and integrated training areas allowed to identify inconsistencies between the qualification of permanent scientific and pedagogical staff (SPS) and the requirements of regulatory legal acts as well as to offer recommendations for elimination of such inconsistencies. The analysis of the identified discrepancies served as the basis for the identification and classification of substantial and potential HR risks that come with scientific and pedagogical staff. Using the expert assessment method, the significance and probability of occurrence of such risks have been assessed. At the final stage of the study, we provided methodological recommendations for HR risk management with due regard to the Unified Code of Ethics in force and absence of professional standards “Teacher Professional Training, Vocational Education and Continuing Professional Education”. Measures to prevent and minimize HR risks in higher education include, in particular, the development of advanced training and retraining programs, annual monitoring of staffing, development of intra-university regulations governing the work of higher-education teaching personnel by position.
Technologies of remote laboratory practical training in engineering disciplines
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Ginzburg Ilya B. , Ermakov Aleksandr A. , Padalko Sergey N.
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of the development and implementation of distance learning technologies for conducting a laboratory workshop in engineering disciplines. Among them, ways to ensure remote laboratory practice, organizational and technical problems associated with distance learning, and solutions to these problems based on the experience gained. The technology and software solution based on Project Jupiter components are proposed, providing effective remote interaction in the process of conducting laboratory classes.
Application of new united digital technologies of end-to-end modeling and design in the training of specialists at the faculty of SM MSTU named after N.E. Bauman
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research Institute), Kalugin Vladimir T. , Lutsenko Alexander Yu. , Romanova-Bolshakova Irina K.
Published: June 2023

The principle of a single digital platform for the analysis and synthesis of technical systems, implemented in the process of training specialists and masters of the Faculty of Special Engineering (SM) in the direction of rocket and space technology (RKT), is proposed. The requirements of employers is analyzed. The competencies of the approved educational standards of the Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, related to modeling and research of systems and implemented at the departments of the Faculty of SM in the direction of RKT. The possibilities of using the MATLAB package as an organizing center are shown, and a description of all components is given, including the integration of third-party application packages to solve the main problem. As an example, the problem of modeling an RCT object – an aircraft is considered.
Hüsâm Çelebî’nin Eseri Bağlamında Naklü’ş-şehâde
Authors: ÖZAY Hilal
Published: June 2023

Hüsâm Çelebî’nin asıl ismi Hüsâmüddîn Hüseyin bin Abdurrahmân’dır. Tokatlı olan Hüsâm Çelebî Osmanlı devletinin 16. yüzyıl alimlerindendir. Hüsâm Çelebî Osmanlı’nın çeşitli vilâyetlerinde müderris, kadı ve müftü görevlerinde bulunmuştur. Pek çok öğrenci yetiştirmiş, fıkıh ve kelam alanlarında eserler kaleme almıştır. Çoğu fıkıh alanında olmak üzere muhtelif konularda haşiye, ta’lik ve risâleler telif etmiştir. Eserlerinden bir olduğu tespit edilen ve bu çalışmanın konusu olan “Risale-i naklü'ş-şehâde” isimli eser Hacı Selim Ağa Kütüphanesinde Hacı Selim Ağa 297.5 bölümünün 379 numarasında tek nüsha olarak yer almaktadır. Müellif bu eserinde şehadetin nakli konusunu ele almaktadır. Normal şartlarda davacı ve davalının haklarını müdafaa etmeleri için mahkemede hazır bulunmaları gerekirken davacı ve davalının, şahitlerin farklı şehirlerde ikâmet etmeleri ve bir araya gelememe durumları söz konusu olabilmektedir. Naklü'ş-şehâde böyle bir durumda davanın açılması, sonuçlanması dolayısıyla hakların elde edilmesi için başvurulan yöntemlerden birisi olmaktadır. Müellif kendi zamanındaki kadıların şer‘î hükümlere aykırı görüş beyan ettiklerine ve mevcut, hazır, belirlenmiş bir menkul mal ile diğerlerini birbirinden ayırmadıklarına değinerek düştükleri hata üzerinde durmaktadır. Müellif eserinin sonunda tüm menkullerde tercih edilen görüşe göre şahitliğin naklinin caiz olduğu kabul edilecekse bu durumda menkullerde hüküm verme şekli ve gönderilen hükmî yazının aynı keyfiyette olması gerektiğine vurgu yaptıktan sonra örnek vererek doğru olan şehâdetin nakli sürecini adım adım ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlatmaktadır. Bu konunun çalışılması şehadetin nakli meselesinin hala gündemini koruması, araştırılmayan bir konu olması ve yazma olarak bulunan bir eserin daha önce çalışılmaması açılarından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Hüsâm Çelebî ve eserleri hakkında genel olarak bilgi vererek müellifin ilgili eserini ve orada geçen konuyu ele alarak bu konuda araştırma yapacakların istifadesine sunmak ve bu konuda alana katkı sağlamaktır.
The Role of IL-6 and IL-17 in Patients with Toxoplasmosis in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Jasim Shaker Mohammed , Abdulkhaleq Hussein Rawaa
Published: June 2023

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most frequent human zoonosis, infecting around a third of the world's population. Aim of the study: The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of serum level of IL-6 and IL-17 in aborted women infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Sixty aborted women (patients) and also thirty apparently healthy women as a control group were involved in present study. The women were between 20 to 43 years of age, all were attend Medical Centers in Baghdad city, during the period from 1st October 2021 till 15th August 2022. The interleukins that were measured by ELISA test were Interleukin-6(IL6), and Interleukin-17(IL17). The study showed a high significant increase in serum level of IL-6 and IL-17 in patients (27.45 ±3.19,218.02 ±23.97Pg/ml) respectively, when compared with serum levels in control group (9.52 ±0.96pg/ml, 24.31 ±2.35pg/ml) respectively, The role of IL-6 and IL-17 in the immune response against toxoplasmosis was studied, it was found that there was a concomitant increase of IL-6 with the increase of IL-17. A significant elevation levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in aborted women with toxoplasmosis in comparison with healthy women. That demonstrates the significance of these interleukins in stimulating or impressing immune response and resistance to toxoplasmosis.
Occurrence of Coccidiosis amongst Different Wild Life and Other Domestic Animals Including Birds: A Review on Comparative Study
Authors: Chatterjee Tania , Muherjea Rudradev , Mondal Mrityunjoy
Published: June 2023

Eimeria is an Apicomplexan protozoan parasite which causes Coccidiosis in different animals. Infection develops mainly in large and small intestine of most wild animals and poultry birds including other pet birds. The disease is pandemically distributed throughout the globe with varieties of species. This clinical situation mostly prevails in different parts of the visceral organs like pancreas, liver and caecum of all animals. The life cycle of the parasite is almost same everywhere and not able to produce any lethal effect to the hosts. Suitable temperature can trigger the entire mechanism of life cycle of the species. The prevention and control of the disease are important otherwise poor reflection will get associated with economic loss in any type of large and small scale production and maintenance of wildlife conservation (captive and free range system). There is no record readily available in any literature about zoonotic importance of coccidiosis.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Agriculture: A Review
Authors: Kumar Ashok , M. C.Yadav S. R. Singh , Shri Dhar B. D. Bhuj , Raj Kumar Yesh Pal Singh , Mohd. Rizwan Vibha Yadav , Ravi Singh Thapa Jyoti , Harish Kumar Vijay Kumar , Vidhur Kumar Bishal Kumar Mishra , Amit Singh Anurag Rajput , Kumar Prabhat
Published: June 2023

Agricultural practices in India are facing many challenges such as change in climatic conditions, different geographical environment, conventional agricultural practices; economic and political scenario. Economic loss due to the lack of information on crop yield productivity is another major concern in the country. These hurdles can be overcome by the implementation of advanced technology in agriculture. Some of the trends observed are smart farming, digital agriculture and Big Data Analytics which provide useful information regarding various crop yields influencing factors and predicting the accurate amounts of crop yield. The exact prediction of crop yield helps formers to develop a suitable cultivation plan, crop health monitoring system, management of crop yield efficiently and also to establish the business strategy in order to decrease economic losses. This also makes the agricultural practices as one of the highly profitable ventures. This paper presents insights on the various applications of technology advancements in agriculture such as Digital Agriculture, Smart Farming or Internet of Agriculture Technology (IoAT), Crop Management, Weed and Pest control, Crop protection and Big data analytics.
Antibiogram of Pericardial Fluid from Pericarditis affected Cattle
Authors: Manjunatha D. R. , Chandrashekar K. M. , Suresh Kumar R. V.
Published: June 2023

Twelve Pericarditis affected cattle presented to the Veterinary College Hospitals, Veterinary College, Hassan, KVAFSU, Bidar were subjected for ultrasound guided pericardiocentesis, pericardial fluids were subjected for antimicrobial sensitivity test. The highest sensitivity was observed to for Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycillin, Ceftriaxone, Streptomycin, Chloromphinicol and Piperacillin. Culture and sensitivity will help full in selection of appropriate antibiotic intern will get good outcome. The antibiogram helped in proper medical care for pericarditis affected cattle.