bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pan-European Political Space: From Idea to Reality
Authors: Guseletov B.
Published: June 2022

The article examines the processes of formation and institutionalization of the pan-European political space as an important element of the political system of the European Union. The main theoretical approaches to the study of this problem are presented. The analysis of the Europeanization process and its possible influence on the formation of this space is given. The attitude to this process on the part of the EU political elite, as well as ordinary European citizens, is shown. It is demonstrated that the political institutions of the European Union and the European integration itself influence the political culture, the formation of a common European identity of citizens and their political attitudes. The basic principles and elements of the pan-European political space, including pan-European institutions, political parties, mass media, etc., are described, particularly from the perspective of proponents of various description models, inter alia the models of liberal representation, participatory democracy and deliberative democracy. The main aspects of the evolution of the European Union party and political system, which is an important element of the pan-European political space, are presented. It has been noted that since the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, the European parties have significantly increased their role and influence in the pan-European political system. An attempt is made to understand how the elements and models interact with each other, what the positions of specific European parties and their factions in the European Parliament are considering the future EU development. The importance of successful implementation of the “Spitzenkandidaten principle” was specified, which will allow the European party leaders and their election manifestos to become better known and understood not only by politicized voters, but also by a majority of the electorate. The role and influence of the media and cultural sphere on the formation of this space are analyzed.
Generalizing The Mean
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: June 2022

I want to find methods that compute a unique, satisfying average for functions defined on non-fractal, measurable sets in the sense of Carathedory which have no gauge function (or dimension function).
Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates Recovered From the Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Mohd Saleem , Syed Khaja Azharuddin Sajid , Hossain Ashfaq , Alenazi Fahaad , Said Kamaleldin B. , Moursi Soha Abdallah , Almalaq Homoud Abdulmohsin , Mohamed Hamza Sharif , Rakha Ehab
Published: June 2022

A 2-year prospective study carried out on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients in the intensive care unit at King Khalid hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), revealed a high prevalence of extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii. About a 9% increase in the incidence rate of A. baumannii has occurred in the VAP patients between 2019 and 2020 (21.4% to 30.7%). In 2019 the isolates were positive for IMP-1 and VIM-2 (31.1% and 25.7%, respectively) as detected by PCR. In comparison, a higher proportion of isolates produced NDM-1 in 2020. Here, we observed a high resistant proportion of ICU isolates towards the most common antibiotics in use. Colistin sensitivity dropped to 91.4% in the year 2020 as compared to 2019 (100%). Thus, the finding of this study has a highly significant clinical implementation in the clinical management strategies for VAP patients. Furthermore, strict implementation of antibiotic stewardship policies, regular surveillance programs for antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and screening for genes encoding drug resistance phenotypes have become imperative.
Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection in Intensive Care Unit Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohd Saleem , Syed Khaja Azharuddin Sajid , Hossain Ashfaque , Alenazi Fahaad , Said Kamaleldin B. , Moursi Soha Abdallah , Almalaq Homoud Abdulmohsin , Mohamed Hamza , Rakha Ehab , Mishra Sunit Kumar
Published: June 2022

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Prolonged hospitalization, invasive devices such as catheters, and irrational use of antimicrobial agents are believed to be the major causes of high rates of HAIs. Infections such as pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, and prostatitis are the main concern in catheterized ICU patients. In these cases, Gram-negative bacteria are the most common. The present study is undertaken to determine the frequency, antibiograms, disease pattern, and risk factors involved in providing an advocacy recommendation to prevent CAUTI. A total of 1078 patients were admitted to the hospital ICU, out of which healthcare-associated infection was reported in 316 patients. CAUTI was reported only in 70 patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%) was the predominant isolate, with Serratia (3%) and Providencia (3%) species as the least common in this study. The present study provides CAUTI incidence rates in a tertiary care hospital in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, information on risk factors of CAUTI common causative organism associated, and their antibiogram patterns are also presented. This study provides vital information that can be used to formulate an effective antibiotic stewardship program that can be implemented throughout the kingdom.
Governing Pandemic Waterscapes: Covid-19 and Nairobi Metropolitan Services as Co-Catalysts of Waterscape Changes
Authors: Schramm Sophie , Kasper Moritz , Mwenje Emmanuel , Bohlen Simon , Wamuchiru Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic and the initial focus on handwashing measures have again highlighted the importance of water access as an essential service in protecting human health. Yet, especially in southern cities, uneven geographies of water access – often mediated by fragmented and unequal infrastructure systems – may hamper the fight against infectious diseases. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 presented a dilemma for water providers as well as residents in water-deprived urban areas as they had to adhere to new hygiene standards and requirements, despite limited access to basic water infrastructure. Therefore, a deeper understanding of pandemic urban waterscapes – the infrastructure and governance systems as well as everyday practices and technologies – is necessary for ongoing debates on (post-) pandemic or zoonotic cities. In our paper, we focus on changes in urban (water) governance and government water projects in Nairobi since early 2020. We show that Covid-19 has contributed to changes in Nairobi’s waterscape but only in conjunction with recent changes in the city’s overall governance structure. However, if these waterscape changes lead to greater equity in water access, and if they have helped to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2, is more than questionable.
Analysis of The Development Trend of Sports Research in China and Taiwan Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Shih Wei-Yuan , Ho Tu-Kuang
Published: June 2022

A digital text abstract presents the essential information of an article, and we can find the trend and value of the research by analyzing it rigorously and digging up knowledge. Therefore, this study focuses on the abstracts of index journals in China and Taiwan from July 2010 to June 2020 (a total of 3,283 abstracts). Through the concepts of text mining and natural language processing (NLP), it constructs processes such as text retrieval, text segmentation and word cloud analysis, TF-IDF weight analysis, co-word analysis, network analysis, and trend analysis, and analyses a large amount of text data. The results show that the scope of research in China covers the fields of social sports and sports science, and research in Taiwan covers both natural and social sciences. The network diagram highlights the richness of sports-related research fields in the two regions, but research on sports philosophy is relatively rare. It is suggested that all disci-plines/departments should re-allocate the same resources, so as to show a balanced development trend and help expand a new chapter in the sports academic field.
Pelatihan Memahami Hadits “Hidupkanlah Saya Miskin” dengan Metode Semantik di Pesantren Modern Nurul Huda-Cikarageman-Setu-Bekasi
Authors: Siregar Khairil Ihsan
Published: June 2022

This community service activity aims to meet the needs of partners in understanding the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This community service activity was carried out at the Nurul Huda Modern Islamic Boarding School, Cikaregenan Setu-Bekas. The training was carried out with the theme "Training to Understand the Hadith "Live Me the Poor" with the semantic method". This theme was brought up based on the suitability of the field of knowledge of the Islamic Religious Education Study Program lecturer at FIS UNJ in the concentration of hadith studies and the need to understand hadith by partners. Through this training, the understanding of the hadith of the Prophet SAW This training uses a semantic approach that provides increased understanding for teachers at this Islamic boarding school. The result is an increase in the understanding of teachers through training to recognize hadith texts and then elaborate on the approach of semantic theories to each word's meaning in the hadith or overall sentence structure. Then, to strengthen the theme of the meaning of the hadith that is the sample in this training, it is converted (I'tibar) with the meaning of other hadiths so that the meaning of the hadith that is an example is still valid because it does not contradict the Koran and other hadiths. This program recommends that the understanding of hadis require the comprehensive understanding of the Quran and hadith as well as understanding the context of the hadith.

ABSTRAK

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mitra dalam memahami hadist Nabi Muhammad SAW. Pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat kali ini dilaksanakan di Pesantren Modern Nurul Huda Cikaregenan Setu-BekasI. Pelatihan yang dilaksanakan bertema “Pelatihan Memahami Hadits “Hidupkanlah Saya Miskin‟ dengan metode semantik”. Tema ini diusung berdasarkan kesesuaian bidang ilmu dosen Prodi Pendidikan Agama Islam FIS UNJ dalam konsentrasi kajian hadits dan kebutuhan memahami hadits oleh mitra. Melalui pelatihan ini maka pemahaman mengenai hadits Nabi Saw. Pelatihan ini menggunakan pendekatan semantik yang memberikan peningkatan pemahaman bagi guru-guru di Pesantren ini. Hasilnya yaitu bertambahnya pemahaman guru-guru melalui pelatihan mengenal teks-teks hadits kemudian dielaborasikan dengan pendekatan teori-teori semantik pada setiap makna kata dalam hadits atau struktur kalimat secara keseluruhan. Lalu untuk menguatkan tema makna hadits yang menjadi sample dalam pelatihan ini dikonversikan (I’tibar) dengan makna hadits-hadits lain sehingga makna hadits yang menjadi contoh masih valid karena tidak berlawanan dengan al-Qur’an dan hadits lainnya. Rekomendasi dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah hendaknya hadis dipahami secara komprehensif dengan melibatkan naskh dari Al-Quran dan Al-Hadis serta memperhatikan konteks hadis terjadi.
Trend Analysis of the Results of the National Examination for EMT-paramedics for the Past 9 Years
Authors: Kim Young Hwa , Kang Min Ju
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The study was to analyze the trend of the result of the national examination for EMT-paramedics.Methods: This study was to find the result of published on the website of Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute for the past 9 years.Results: Although there was no significant change in the pass rate, difficulty, and discrimination of the national examination, the average score of the total score showed a tendency to decrease every year. Unlike the average scores of other subjects, the basic medicine subjects showed a steady decline. The number of those who failed the written test were higher than those who failed the practical test. As a result of analyzing those who failed the written test, the majority of those who failed basic medicine and emergency medical service-related legislation.Conclusions: The steady decline in basic medicine scores and the steady increase in the number of people who failed has raised the need to reinforce basic medicine in universities or institutions that are nurturing EMT-paramedics in order to improve the quality of the national examination. In addition, the subjects of emergency medical service-related legislation was considered as subjects to be strengthened along with basic medicine.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 04.06.2022 г. по 10.06.2022 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: June 2022

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 04.06.2022 г. по 10.06.2022 г.
Antimicrobial and synergistic activity of the drug association of Allium sativum and antibiotics against Group B Streptococcus
Authors: Lima Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa , Gamberini Maria Thereza , Rodrigues Domingos Sávio , Junior Pedro Ismael Silva , Torres Kátia Andrea de Menezes
Published: June 2022

Maternal colonization by Group B Streptococcus during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal infection due to vertical transmission from mother to fetus before or during labor. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of SP80 (obtained from RGE) and its synergism associated with the antibiotic against strains of Streptococcus agalactiae. The broth microdilution was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of SP80 and to establish the MIC of SP80 (2.40 mg/mL). By using the disk diffusion method, fifty-five clinical isolates of S. agalactiae and 1 ATCC were tested against the association of SP80 with antibiotic PEN and AMP, respectively, for synergistic assessment. The association of SP80 + PEN showed that the mean of the inhibition halos decreased, but it was not significant, with p=0.07. In contrast, the association of SP80 + AMP caused the mean inhibition halos to increase with a p<0.001, a significant result. SP80 has antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae Gram-positive bacteria, and the association with the antibiotic AMP showed a synergistic effect, which did not occur when in association with PEN.
Assessment of haematological, histopathological, and serum biochemical responses in Oreochromis niloticus (L.) upon dietary florfenicol administration
Authors: Bardhan Avishek , Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Das Ratnapriya , Dash Gadadhar , Nag Talagunda Srinivasan , Sau Surya Kanta , Sar Tapas Kumar , Patil Prasanna Kumar
Published: June 2022

Oreochromis niloticus is imperative in Indian aquaculture attributing to a significant portion of culture fisheries after carps. This study assessed the serum biochemical, haematological, and histopathological changes in O. niloticus juveniles upon dietary administration of florfenicol (FFC) at 15 mg/kg biomass/day (1X) and 45 mg/kg biomass/day (3X) for 10 consecutive days and compared with control. Behavioural changes, feed consumption, survival, and biomass were evaluated. Besides, the levels of serum glucose, calcium, chloride, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, and blood cell morphology were determined at scheduled intervals. The 10 days of oral dosing resulted in 100% (1X) and 96.15% (3X) survival, reduced feed intake, and biomass. Significant erythrocyte morphological alterations were observed in the 1X group compared to the control. Alterations in haematological parameters of FFC-dosed fish suggested apparent cytotoxicity. A substantial hike in lymphocyte counts and mean corpuscular volume was observed. All the serum biomarkers of O. niloticus increased significantly on day 10 dosing in a dose-dependent manner, except for calcium and chloride, which reduced significantly. Marked histopathological changes like degeneration of renal tubular epithelium and widened lumen in the kidney, and glycogen-type vacuolation, cytoplasmic degeneration, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in the liver were observed during the dosing period. Within 3 weeks of suspension of dosing, the 1X group serum biomarker levels became normal except for alkaline phosphatase. The recovery of serum biomarker levels, haematological values, histopathological and erythrocyte morphological changes suggested that the FFC-induced changes are reversible at the therapeutic dose and are safe for O. niloticus.
Interdisciplinary and Cross-Sectoral Perioperative Care Model in Cardiac Surgery: Implementation in the Setting of Minimally-Invasive Heart Valve Surgery (INCREASE) – Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Klotz Susanne G. R. , Ketels Gesche , Behrendt Christian A. , König Hans-Helmut , Kohlmann Sebastian , Löwe Bernd , Petersen Johannes , Stock Sina , Vettorazzi Eik , Zapf Antonia , Zastrow Inke , Zöllner Christian , Reichenspurner Hermann , Girdauskas Evaldas
Published: June 2022

Background
Valvular heart diseases are frequent and increasing in prevalence. Minimally invasive heart valve surgery embedded in an interdisciplinary enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program may have potential benefits with regard to reduced length of stay and improved patient reported outcomes. However, no prospective randomized data exist regarding the superiority of ERAS program for the patients’ outcome.
Methods
We aim to randomize (1:1) a total of 186 eligible patients with minimally invasive heart valve surgery to an ERAS program vs. standard treatment at two centers including the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, and the University Hospital Augsburg, Germany. The intervention is composed out of pre-, peri- and postoperative components. The preoperative protocol aims at better preparation for the operation with regard to physical activity, nutrition, and psychological preparedness. Intraoperative anesthesiologic and surgical management are trimmed to enable an early extubation. Patients will be transferred to a specialized postoperative anesthesia care unit, where first mobilization occurs three hours after surgery. Transfer to low care ward will be at the next day and discharge at the fifth day. Participants in the control group will receive treatment as usual. Primary endpoints include functional discharge at discharge and duration of in-hospital care during the first twelve months after index surgery. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life, health literacy, and level of physical activity.
Discussion
This is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an ERAS process after minimally invasive heart valve surgery. Interprofessional approach is the key factor of the ERAS process and includes in particular surgical, anesthesiological, physiotherapeutic, advanced nursing and psychosocial components. A clinical implication guideline will be developed facilitating the adoption of ERAS model in other heart teams.
Trial registration:
The study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04977362 assigned July 27th, 2021; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04977362).
Cellular Automaton Equivalence of the Process of 2011 Mw 9 East Japan Earthquake Recorded at Kesennuma City
Authors: Kikuchi Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

This paper links the seismic process of a megathrust earthquake with a cellular automaton (CA) and paves the way for understanding the seismic process by investigating CA. During the seismic process of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of magnitude 9, anomalous noise with large amplitude in the frequency range of 3 Hz to 10Hz is observed in the Fourier spectrum. The anomalous noise and the normal ground vibrations in the GEJE process are generalized by introducing \(\alpha\) -tremor, which is defined as the curvature of the Fourier amplitude spectrum of the velocity. It is found that the binarization of the vibration velocity conserves the $\alpha$-tremor, and the binarized velocity and velocity are equivalent. The binarization allows the recorded data to be directly compared with CA since CA is inherently binary, and since both the binarized velocity deviation and the CA are considered to follow the same master equation which represents the thermodynamics of a stochastically fluctuating non-equilibrium system. It is found that the recorded data in the GEJE process is a subset of the CA and the former can be reproduced by the latter. The scope of this research is limited to the specific earthquake GEJE and the data recorded at a specific seismic station. Further investigation is required for generalization.
Development of a co-designed behaviour change intervention aimed at healthcare professionals recruiting to clinical trial in maternity care
Authors: Hanrahan Vivienne , Lawrie Louisa , Duncan Eilidh M , Biesty Linda , Gillies Katie
Published: June 2022

Background
The evidence on what strategies can improve recruitment to clinical trials in maternity care is lacking. As trial recruiters, maternity healthcare professionals (HCP) perform behaviours (e.g. talking about trial with potential participants, distributing trial information) they may not ordinarily do outside of the trial. Most trial recruitment interventions do not provide any theoretical basis for the potential effect (on behaviour) or describe (if) stakeholders were involved during development. The study aim was to use behavioural theory in a co-design process to develop an intervention for HCPs tasked with approaching all eligible potential participants and inviting then to join a maternity trial, and to assess the acceptability and feasibility of such an intervention.
Methods
This study applied a step-wise sequential mixed-methods approach. Key stages were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCT) Taxonomy to map the accounts of maternity HCP, with regard to challenges to trial recruitment, to theoretically informed behaviour change strategies. Our recruitment intervention was co-designed during workshops with maternity HCPs and maternity service users. Acceptability and feasibility of our intervention was assessed using an online questionnaire based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) and involved a range of trial stakeholders.
Results
Two co-design workshops, with a total of nine participants (n = 7 maternity HCPs, n = 2 maternity service users), discussed thirteen BCTs as potential solutions. Ten BCTs, broadly covering Consequences and Reframing, progressed to intervention development. Forty-five trial stakeholders (clinical midwives, research midwives/nurses, doctors, allied health professionals and trial team members) participated in the online TFA questionnaire. The intervention was perceived effective, coherent, and not burdensome to engage with. Core areas for future refinement included Anticipated opportunity and Self-efficacy.
Conclusion
We developed a behaviour change recruitment intervention which is based on the accounts of maternity HCP trial recruiters and developed in a co-design process. Overall the intervention was deemed acceptable. Future evaluation of the intervention will establish its effectiveness in enabling maternity HCPs to invite all eligible people to participate in a maternity care trial, and determine whether this translates into an increase in maternity trial recruitment rates.
SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Influenza: Similarity and Disparity
Authors: Dabaja-Younis Halima , Fuchs Eyal , Shorbaji Nadeem , Appel Tal , Carmon Noah , Shachor-Meyouhas Yael , Green Manfred S , Hussein Khetam
Published: June 2022

Background: A discussion is ongoing regarding the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) compared to seasonal influenza. In addition, early differentiation between COVID-19 and influenza viruses is essential in hospitalized patients. We try to assess differences in disease severity and clinical presentaion of the two diseases.Methods: The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, between June and August 2020 were compared with those of patients hospitalized due to influenza during the 2019-2020 influenza season. Results: A total of 136 influenza patients and 152 COVID-19 patients were included. Patients with influenza have more runny nose (p<0.001, OR 7.46), cough (p<0.001, OR 3.64), dyspnea (p=0.004, OR 2.0), myalgia (p=0.039; OR 2.0) or underlying disease (p=0.046, OR 1.67). Also, hypoxemia on admission (p<0.001, OR 4.42), smoking (p<0.001, OR 4.63) or elevated liver enzymes (p=0.028, OR 8.33). However, patients with COVID-19 were overweight (p<0.001, OR 3.111), have lymphopenia <1,500 (p<0.001, OR 54.69), CRP > 5mg/dL (p=0.011, OR 1.88), or radiographic abnormalities (p<0.001, OR 2.757). Although patients with influenza have a severe disease (NEWS > 6) on admission (p<0.001, OR 3.17), length of hospital stay, need for ventilatory support and 30-day mortality were similar in both groups (p=0.26, 0.47 and 0.50 respectively).Conclusions: Influenza patients admitted to the hospital were more severely ill at the time of admission than COVID -19, but in-hospital mortality and clinical outcomes are similar. In addition, the two diseases have different characteristics that allow them to be distinguished at the time of admission until laboratory identification.
Development of spirotetramat nanoparticles base on mesoporous silica: improving the uptake and translocation of spirotetramat in plants
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Xu Wangjin , Meng Zhiyuan , Fan Tianle , Yang Chunmei , Wang Jianjun , Chen xiaojun
Published: June 2022

As an ideal nano-carrier, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have the characteristics of high specific surface area, adjustable pore size and good biocompatibility, which are excellent carriers for improving the stability and sustained-release performance of pesticides and improving the utilization rate of pesticides In this study, three kinds of particle size MSNs (100 nm, 200 nm and 400 nm) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method, and then the spirotetramat (Stm) was loaded into MSNs with different particle sizes by solvent volatilization method to prepare Stm nanoparticles with different particle sizes (Stm@MSNs). The results of Stm@MSNs characterization showed that the three particle sizes of MSNs were 112.5, 200.1 and 439.4 nm, respectively. Besides, the pore sizes of the three MSNs were all in the range of 2 ~ 50 nm. And the FTIR spectra showed that the Stm was successfully loaded into the channel of MSNs. TGA analysis showed that Stm@MSNs-100, Stm@MSNs-200 and Stm@MSNs-400 had good thermal stability in the range of 200℃. The drug loads of Stm@MSNs-100, Stm@MSNs-200 and Stm@MSNs-400 to Stm were 38%, 21% and 53%. The release test showed that all of them showed the characteristics of slow release. After 3 days of application on cucumber plants, Stm was detected in both upper and lower leaves of cucumber. Compared with MSNs-200 and MSNs-400, the nanocarrier MSNs-100 were more easily absorbed by cucumber plants and could carry more Stm into cucumber plants. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development and application of nanocarriers and the improvement of pesticide utilization rate by discussing the effects of different particle size MSNs on the slow release and systemicity of pesticides.
When and how do national CO2 emissions peak? The role of crises and structural change
Authors: Bersalli Germán , Tröndle Tim , Lilliestam Johan
Published: June 2022

We empirically investigate the timing of CO2 emissions peaks in all major economies 1965-2019, and the effects of economic crises on the economic and structural drivers of emissions. We show that in all but two countries that have peaked emissions, the peak occurred just before or during a recession, by the combined effect of lower GDP growth and decreasing energy and/or carbon intensity during and after the crisis. In peak-and-decline countries, crises have typically magnified pre-existing improvements in structural change. Almost all peaking countries have returned to economic growth post-crisis, implying that absolute decoupling is possible, also over several decades, and that structural change – not lost economic activity – was the key driver of emission peaks. In non-peaking countries, the GDP growth was less affected, and structural change effects were weaker or rather increased emissions. Crises do not automatically trigger peaks but may strengthen ongoing decarbonisation trends through several mechanisms
A new hotspot of macro-litter in the Rutland Island, South Andaman, India: Menace from IORC
Authors: Shankar Venkatesan Shiva , Purti Neelam , Sivasankar Ramakirushnan , Kaviarasan Thanamegam , Satyakeerthy Thonduparambil Ravindaran , Jacob Sunil
Published: June 2022

Thirteen sandy beaches of remote Rutland Island were divided into three zones to identify the litter pollution, their source, pathway of plastic transport, to determine the level of macro litter contamination, and its impact on coastal biota. The total area surveyed was 0.52 km2 (5,20,020.79 m2), and the total number of litter items enumerated was 3,17,565 belonging to twenty-seven distinct litter types. The beaches in Zone II and Zone III were clean and Zone I were very dirty. The maximum litter density (1.03 items/ m2) was observed in Photo Nallah 1 and Photo Nallah 2, whereas the lowest (0.09 items/ m2) was observed in Jahaji beach. The primary contributor of litter on Rutland’s beaches was plastics (60%-99%), presumed to originate from the Indian Ocean Rim Countries (IORC). A collective solid waste management initiative by the IORC is essential in preventing littering on remote islands.
From Design to Action: Participatory Approach to Capacity Building for Local Overdose Response
Authors: Mallakin Maryam , Dery Christina , Woldemariam Yordanos , Hamilton Michael , Corace Kim , Pauly Bernie , Khorasheh Triti , AbuAyyash Caroline Bennet , Leece Pamela , Sellen Katherine
Published: June 2022

Background
In response to the rise in opioid-related deaths, communities across Ontario have developed opioid or overdose response plans to address issues at the local level. Public Health Ontario (PHO) leads the Community Opioid / Overdose Capacity Building (COM-CAP) project, which aims to reduce overdose-related harms at the community level by working with communities to identify, develop, and evaluate capacity building supports for local needs around overdose planning. The ‘From Design to Action’ co-design workshop used a participatory design approach to engage communities in the requirements for capacity building support.
Methods
A participatory approach (co-design) provided opportunity for collaborative discussion around capacity building needs at the community level. The co-design workshop included three structured collaborative activities (i.e., identifying details of priority challenges, support delivery mechanisms, and evaluation planning), and was conducted with fifty-two participants involved in opioid/overdose-related plans in Ontario. Participatory materials were informed by the results of a situational assessment (SA) data gathering process, including survey, interview, and focus group data. A voting system, including dot stickers and discussion notes, was applied to identify priority supports and delivery mechanisms.
Results
The workshop resulted in identifying key challenges and priority supports to consider for development and implementation. Key findings were summarized into five major priorities, including: 1) stigma & equity; 2) trust-based relationships, consensus building & on-going communication; 3) knowledge development & on-going access to information and data; 4) tailored strategies and plan adaptation to changing structures and local context; and 5) structural enablers and responsive governance.
Conclusion
Using a participatory approach, the workshop provided an opportunity for sharing, generating, and mobilizing the required knowledge to address research-practice gaps at the community level. The application of health design methods such as the ‘From Design to Action’ co-design workshop allows for teams to gain a deeper understanding of issues as well as enhances the foundation and application of participatory approaches in addressing complex public health issues such as the overdose crisis.
Degradation of dibutyl phthalate by ozonation in the ultrasonic cavitation-rotational flow interaction coupled-field: Performance and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wang Bing , Tang Pan , Lu Yuting , Gao Chunyang
Published: June 2022

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is present in hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water. Degradation of DBP in aqueous by means of ozonation in ultrasonic cavitation- rotational flow interaction coupled-field (UC-RF coupled-field) was studied. The effect of ozone dosage, ozone intake flow, operating temperature, initial pH, DBP initial concentration, liquid flow rate, and ultrasonic power on the DBP removal was investigated. The results indicated that the DBP degradation rate was strongly influenced by the liquid flow rate and the ultrasonic power over the range investigated. HCO 3 - and Cl - revealed an inhibitory effect on the DBP removal. SO 4 2- seems to have no effect on DBP removal. The ozone utilization efficiency in UC-RF coupled-field was 2.77 and 1.13 times higher than those of the conventional microporous aeration (CMA) and rotating-flow microbubble aeration (RFMA), respectively. The DBP degradation rate was diminished in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) . Cavitation bubbles are consider as innumerable micro reactor s. Degradation of DBP by direct ozonation, hydroxyl radical ( · OH) oxidation, high pressure and high temperature pyrolysis . Finally, a possible degradation pathway of DBP is obtained on basis of the main reaction intermediates.
Social capital, social intelligence, and their relationship among ICU and CCU nurses
Authors: Akbarian Hamed , Mazraehshadi Mir Mojtaba Hosseini
Published: June 2022

Background
The social capital of nurses is one of the main factors which affect the performance of nurses and the quality of care. Assessing the relationship between social capital and its related factors is one of the necessary works that should be done so that later, actions can be taken to increase social capital. Social intelligence is one of the factors that can increase nurses' social capital.
Aim
To investigate the relationship between social capital and social intelligence among ICU and CCU nurses.
Methods
A researcher-made social capital questionnaire and the Tromsø social intelligence scale (TSIS) were distributed to ICU and CCU nurses (n = 170), and the correlation between social capital and social intelligence was calculated.
Results
The results reveal that the level of social capital and its dimensions as well as the social intelligence and its dimensions were more than average among the respondents of the study. The research demonstrated that social awareness, social information processing, and total social intelligence had significant and positive relationships with social capital and its dimensions. On the other hand, the social skills dimension was not significantly correlated with any of the dimensions of social capital (p > 0.05). In addition, there were significant and positive correlations between two socio-demographic variables of age and years of work experience and all of the social capital dimensions except capital between nurses and companions of patients (p < 0.05). Contrarily, there were not any significant correlations between gender and social capital dimensions, nor between educational degree and social capital dimensions.
Conclusion
As the social capital of nurses goes up, the quality of nursing care improves. So, managers must take wise strategies to increase social capital. One of the measures that they can do is to increase social intelligence by taking wise strategies.
Analysis of the interrelationships of stakeholders involved in the management of transhumance in southern Benin
Authors: Azalou Maximilien , Assani Alassan S. , Worogo Hilaire S. S. , Idrissou Yaya , Azando Erick B. V. , Constantin Pascal , Alkoiret Ibrahim T.
Published: June 2022

The management of pastoral mobility is a stakeholder-centered approach for the integration of resource conservation and agricultural development. This management of space and its resources is the responsibility of a group of actors who are responsible for resolving conflicts of interest. This study aimed at analyzing the influence of transhumance stakeholders in the municipality of Djidja in southern Benin thanks to semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with 300 transhumance actors. The Likert scale (1 to 5) was used to assess the levels of influence and focus groups were conducted. The results obtained showed that several stakeholders were involved in transhumance with diverse interests, backgrounds, knowledge and power (p < 0.05). The majority of farmers (72%) blame transhumant herders whose practices are source of multiple conflicts. The analysis indicated a strong influence with highly significant differences (p < 0.001) in the management of transhumance by four stakeholders including the communal transhumance committee, the association of herders, the Garso (Scout and intermediary for transhumant herders) and the transhumant herder. This research demonstrates how the systematic analysis of the activities carried out by the actors, the interconnected activities between them and their relationships can offer insights for a better coordination of transhumance. For management to become reality, it is important building partnership between the various stakeholders linked by transhumance in southern Benin.
Integrating Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and Modified Dingo optimization for Node Ranking and Energy Efficient MANET
Authors: R Mamatha C , M Ramakrishna
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Deletion of PLD2 Alleviates LPS Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting STAT3 Phosphorylation and Regulating Endothelial Tight Junctions
Authors: Qian Tiantian , Qi Boyang , Fei Yuxin , Li Jun , Luo Liqing , Song Yutong , Sheng Shurui , Lv Bingjie , Huang Xiao , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: June 2022

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of acute respiratory failure. Endothelial cell damage and increased permeability are critical in developing acute lung injury (ALI). Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) and its metabolite phosphatidic acid (PA) regulate many physiological activities in cells, disrupting cell barrier integrity. However, the exact mechanism remains unexplored. Therefore, we elucidated the role and action mechanism of PLD2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell integrity.Methods: We used wild-type (WT) and PLD2 knockout (PLD2-/-) mouse models of LPS-induced ALI. Altered pulmonary endothelial permeability was assessed using histopathological analysis. The relative permeability of the pulmonary vascular endothelial cell culture model was assessed using transwell chamber assays for FITC-dextran and TEER transcellular resistance. The PA content, a downstream product of PLD2, was detected using ELISA, and the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Changes in tight junction protein levels and STAT3 pathway phosphorylation, a critical endothelial barrier component, were assessed using immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses in vivo and in vitro.Results: PLD2-/- could significantly improve the histopathological changes, lung wet-dry ratio, and endothelial cell permeability in LPS-induced ALI mice. Simultaneously, PLD2-/- could reduce PA-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, resulting in reduced endothelial tight junction degradation.Conclusion: Loss or inhibition of PLD2 significantly inhibits tight junction injury and alleviates lung injury. LPS-induced PA production leads to STAT3 pathway phosphorylation and tight junction protein targeting, resulting in increased barrier permeability. Collectively, PA is crucial in ARDS pathogenesis.
Suppression of Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Using AAV Gene Delivery
Authors: Yang Yeon-Suk , Kim Jung-Min , Xie Jun , Chaugule Sachin , Lin Chujiao , Ma Hong , Hsiao Edward , Hong Jaehyoung , Chun Hyunho , Shore Eileen , Kaplan Frederick , Gao Guangping , Shim Jae-Hyuck
Published: June 2022

Progressive heterotopic ossification (HO) is the most disabling and defining feature of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), an ultra-rare genetic disorder. More than 95% of FOP patients harbor a heterozygous activating mutation (c.617G>A;p.R206H) in the Activin A Receptor Type 1 (ACVR1). Currently, there are no definitive preventions or treatments. Gene therapy is thus an attractive treatment strategy. Here, we identify recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9) as the most effective serotype for transduction of the major cells-of-origin of HO in soft tissues. Using AAV-mediated gene delivery, three gene therapy approaches for FOP, including gene replacement by expression of codon-optimized human ACVR1 (ACVR1OPT), ACVR1R206H allele-specific silencing by AAV-compatible artificial miRNA (amiR, amiR-ACVR1R206H), and a combination of gene replacement and silencing (ACVR1OPT;amiR-ACVR1R206H), were developed. AAV gene therapy ablated aberrant Activin A signaling and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mouse skeletal cells harboring a conditional knock-in allele of human ACVR1R206H (Acvr1(R206H)KI) and human FOP patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Accordingly, trauma-induced HO was markedly reduced in Acvr1(R206H)KI mice treated locally at early adulthood or systemically at birth. These mice displayed a significant decrease in endochondral bone formation in injured muscle while inflammation and fibroproliferation responses to injury remained largely intact. Remarkably, spontaneous HO in juvenile and adult Acvr1(R206H)KI mice was also substantially decreased by AAV gene therapy. Compared to gene replacement or silencing, combination gene therapy was the most potent in preventing both traumatic and spontaneous HO in FOP mice. Collectively, our results identify novel gene therapeutics that can prevent disabling HO in FOP mice and provide evidence to support clinical translation to FOP patients.
A dictionary-matrix separation and Viterbi decoding for Miller code in RFID tag collision
Authors: Zeng Yu , Ding Hongwei
Published: June 2022

With the help of perception technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), information interaction will expand from communication devices to various non-communication items in daily life, and the era of ubiquitous personal communication networks may come. In an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID system, however, signal collision often occurs during multiple tags identification. The collision resolution across a Media Access Control (MAC) layer and a physical layer can significantly improve communication efficiency. As a delay code, Miller code is often used in the UHF RFID system. Because its baseband signal has more subcarriers, it has higher anti-noise performance. This paper adopt the cross-layer resolution and proposes a new collision separation and decoding algorithm for the Miller code of the RFID system. This algorithm separates the collision signal by clustering and dictionary matrix firstly, and then decode the separated signal by Viterbi method. In this simulation, we generate a set of simulation data to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the separation efficiency of the proposed algorithm is about 25% higher than that of traditional methods. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in this measured data, and obtain 8% higher system throughput than a traditional dynamic ALOHA system.
Decoupling and scenario analysis of economy-emissions pattern in China’s 30 provinces
Authors: Chen Jiayang , Yuan Rong , Zheng Shenglin
Published: June 2022

The tension between reducing CO2 emissions and economic growth has become increasingly prominent in recent years, while China is vigorously promoting ecological civilization to achieve sustainable development. We analyze the decoupling of emissions at the national and provincial levels of the Chinese economy from the perspective of historical patterns and current drivers from 1997 to 2019. Also, we developed three scenarios (i.e., pessimistic, median, and optimistic scenarios) to analyze the impact of decoupling relationship changes. We find that China’s national decoupling relationship has eased since 1997, but it has not yet reached the ideal state, with provinces mainly exhibiting weak decoupling. The EKC hypothesis is tested for the whole country and 30 provinces and find that 15 provinces have two turning points, 13 provinces have one turning point, and the others have no turning point. Based on the scenario analysis, the total emissions in the Pessimistic Scenario (S1) without any improvement of decoupling would increase by 73.97% compared to the level of 2019. However, the total emissions in the Optimistic Scenario (S3), in which all provinces obtained strong decoupling, are almost half of the level of 2019. This is mainly from the reduction of emissions in the western less developed regions (e.g., Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang) and developed coastal regions (e.g., Jiangsu and Shandong). On the basis of the results of factor analysis, we put forward policy recommendations for expand electrification, optimize industrial structure, and promote technological innovation.
The interaction effects of degradable microplastics and Cd to Folsomia candida soil collembolan
Authors: Liu Guoqiang , Gu Xuanzhu , Wu Jing , Li Haidong , Su Lianghu , Chen Mei , Chen Sujuan , Liu Yonghua
Published: June 2022

Microplastics have become a major safety concern for soil ecosystem, but in real field soil conditions, multiple chemicals exposure may be the real scenario for soil biota. The co-occurrence of microplastics and Cadmium (Cd) is common in soils, which may pose a potential risks to soil ecosystems. Meanwhile, although degradable microplastics are suggested to use, the potential effects on soil ecosystems are unknown. Therefore, a standard soil animal collembolan Folsomia candida (F. candida) was used to evaluation the single and interaction effects of degradable microplastics and Cd. The results showed that single and co-microplastics and Cd all had negative influences on the survival, reproduction and growth of F. candida, and the effects intensified with microplastics concentrations. But combined microplastic and Cd alleviated the toxicity of single chemical on F. candida at lower microplastics concentrations. Biochemical assays on antioxidant enzymes had the same results. Toxicity endpoints reproduction was not more sensitive than survival and growth. Antioxidant enzymes CAT and POD was more sensitive than SOD, thus may be promising biomarkers on soil collembolan for soil microplastics exposure.