bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Essential Effects of Flocculation on Large-Scale Sediment Transport Patterns in a Tide-Dominated Estuary
Authors: Horemans Dante M. L. , Dijkstra Yoeri M. , Schuttelaars Henk M. , Meire Patrick , Cox Tom J. S.
Published: May 2020

Sediment transport in estuaries and the formation of estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) highly depend on the ability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) to flocculate into larger aggregates. While most literature focuses on the small-scale impact of biological flocculants on the formation of larger aggregates, the influence of the flocculation process on large-scale estuarine SPM profiles is still largely unknown. In this paper, we study the impact of flocculation of SPM on the formation of ETM. For this, a semianalytical width-integrated model called iFlow is utilized and extended by a flocculation model. Starting from a complex one-class flocculation model, we show that flocculation may be described as a linear relation between settling velocity and suspended sediment concentration to capture its leading-order effect on the ETM formation. The model is applied to a winter case in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, Netherlands) and calibrated to a unique, long-term, two-dimensional set of turbidity (cf. SPM) observations. First, model results with and without the effect of flocculation are compared, showing that the spatial and temporal variations of the settling velocity due to flocculation are essential to reproduce the observed magnitude of the suspended sediment concentrations and its dependence on river discharge. Second, flocculation results in tidally averaged land-inward sediment transport. Third, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the freshwater discharge and floc breakup parameter, which shows that flocculation can cause additional estuarine turbidity maxima and can prevent flushing of the ETM for high freshwater inflow.
Developing best practice guidelines for the psychosocial assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to hospital with self-harm and suicidal thoughts
Authors: Leckning Bernard , Hirvonen Tanja , Armstrong Gregory , Carey Timothy A , Westby Mark , Ringbauer Alix , Robinson Gary
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To develop guidelines for the culturally responsive psychosocial assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to hospital with self-harm and suicidal thoughts.

Method:

The Delphi method was used to establish expert consensus. A systematic search and review of relevant research literature, existing guidelines and grey literature was undertaken to develop a 286-item questionnaire. The questionnaire contained best practice statements to guide clinicians undertaking psychosocial assessment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people presenting to hospital with self-harm and suicidal thoughts. An expert panel comprising 28 individuals with clinical, community-based and lived experience in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and/or suicide prevention were recruited and independently rated the items over three rounds. Statements endorsed as essential or important by 90% or more of the expert panel were then synthesised into recommendations for the best practice guideline document.

Results:

A total of 226 statements across all relevant areas of clinical practice were endorsed. No statements covering the use of structured assessment tools were endorsed. The endorsed statements informed the development of a set of underlying principles of culturally competent practice and recommendations for processes of effective and appropriate engagement; risks, needs and strengths to be assessed; formulation of psychosocial assessment; and recommendations specific to children and young people.

Conclusion:

The guidelines are based on recommendations endorsed across a range of expertise to address an important gap in the evidence-base for clinically effective and culturally responsive assessment of self-harm and suicidal thoughts by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in hospital settings. Further work is needed to develop an implementation strategy and evaluate the recommendations in practice.
Mode Inference using enhanced Segmentation and Pre-processing on raw Global Positioning System data
Authors: Nawaz Asif , Zhiqiu Huang , Senzhang Wang , Hussain Yasir , Naseer Amara , Izhar Muhammad , Khan Zaheer
Published: May 2020

Many applications use the Global Positioning System data that provide rich context information for multiple purposes. Easier availability and access of Global Positioning System data can facilitate various mobile applications, and one of such applications is to infer the mobility of a user. Most existing works for inferring users’ transportation modes need the combination of Global Positioning System data and other types of data such as accelerometer and Global System for Mobile Communications. However, the dependency of the applications to use data sources other than the Global Positioning System makes the use of application difficult if peer data source is not available. In this paper, we introduce a new generic framework for the inference of transportation mode by only using the Global Positioning System data. Our contribution is threefold. First, we propose a new method for Global Positioning System trajectory data preprocessing using grid probability distribution function. Second, we introduce an algorithm for the change point–based trajectory segmentation, to more effectively identify the single-mode segments from Global Positioning System trajectories. Third, we introduce new statistical-based topographic features that are more discriminative for transportation mode detection. Through extensive evaluation on the large trajectory data GeoLife, our approach shows significant performance improvement in terms of accuracy over state-of-the-art baseline models.
Payload swing control of a tower crane using a neural network–based input shaper
Authors: Fasih SM , Mohamed Z , Husain AR , Ramli L , Abdullahi AM , Anjum W
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes an input shaping technique for efficient payload swing control of a tower crane with cable length variations. Artificial neural network is utilized to design a zero vibration derivative shaper that can be updated according to different cable lengths as the natural frequency and damping ratio of the system changes. Unlike the conventional input shapers that are designed based on a fixed frequency, the proposed technique can predict and update the optimal shaper parameters according to the new cable length and natural frequency. Performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by conducting experiments on a laboratory tower crane with cable length variations and under simultaneous tangential and radial crane motions. The shaper is shown to be robust and provides low payload oscillation with up to 40% variations in the natural frequency. With a 40% decrease in the natural frequency, the superiority of the artificial neural network–zero vibration derivative shaper is confirmed by achieving at least a 50% reduction in the overall and residual payload oscillations when compared to the robust zero vibration derivative and extra insensitive shapers designed based on the average operating frequency. It is envisaged that the proposed shaper can be further utilized for control of tower cranes with more parameter uncertainties.
The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment in the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Identification of Employees
Authors: Bose Suchandra , Patnaik Bhaswati , Mohanty Seemita
Published: May 2020

The study examined the association between transformational leadership and organizational identification of employees. The relationship between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment and the possible mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational identification of employees was also studied. A hypothesized model was developed to examine the relationship between the constructs. Sample for the study comprised 199 employees from the IT sector. Instruments used were Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire, Smidts et al.’s (2001) Organizational Identification Questionnaire and Spreitzer’s (1995) Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS and structural equation modeling in AMOS. It was indicated that transformational leadership had positive and significant impact on organizational identification as well as psychological empowerment of employees. Psychological empowerment acting as a mediator between these two constructs was established. It was found that the developed model would pave way for more attention toward psychological empowerment among leaders and employees in organization.
Inflammatory Networks Linking Oral Microbiome with Systemic Health and Disease
Authors: Kleinstein S.E. , Nelson K.E. , Freire M.
Published: May 2020

The dance between microbes and the immune system takes place in all biological systems, including the human body, but this interaction is especially complex in the primary gateway to the body: the oral cavity. Recent advances in technology have enabled deep sequencing and analysis of members and signals of these communities. In a healthy state, the oral microbiome is composed of commensals, and their genes and phenotypes may be selected by the immune system to survive in symbiosis. These highly regulated signals are modulated by a network of microbial and host metabolites. However, in a diseased state, host-microbial networks lead to dysbiosis and considerable burden to the host prior to systemic impact that extends beyond the oral compartment. Interestingly, we presented data demonstrating similarities between human and mice immune dysbiosis and discussed how this affects the host response to similar pathobionts. The host and microbial signatures of a number of disease states are currently being examined to identify potential correlations. How the oral microbiome interacts with inflammation and the immune system to cause disease remains an area of active research. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding the role of oral microbiota in mediating inflammation and altering systemic health and disease. In line with these findings, it is possible that existing conditions may be resolved by targeting specific immune-microbial markers in a positive way.
Systematic Review of Safety Skill Interventions for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tekin-Iftar Elif , Olcay Seray , Sirin Nursinem , Bilmez Hatice , Degirmenci H. Deniz , Collins Belva C.
Published: May 2020

We conducted a descriptive analysis of single-case research design (SCRD) studies on safety skills instruction (SSI) for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Once we identified studies through electronic databases and reference lists, we used What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Standards to evaluate each study. We analyzed studies in terms of various descriptive variables, calculated effect sizes through improvement rate difference (IRD), and aggregated effect sizes across studies to produce an omnibus effect size. Results showed 18 of 29 studies met the WWC Standards to meet design standards (MS) and meet design standards with reservations (MS-R), and various types of SSI were effective in teaching various skills. Of 18, 12 studies resulted in a large effect, and we found a behavioral skills training package (BST) to be evidence-based when we applied a 5-3-20 rule. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
“All the Difference in the World”: The Nature of Difference and Different Natures
Authors: Heywood Paolo
Published: May 2020

This article begins by examining the status of “difference” in representations of perspectivist cosmologies, which are themselves often represented as radically different to Euro-American cosmologies. The established reading of perspectivism emphasizes this radical difference by focusing upon the objects of difference in perspectivism (bodies, for example, rather than souls). This article experiments instead with reading perspectivism as radically resembling Euro-American thought in its conceptualization of the nature of difference, that is, the form that difference takes as a relation. It argues that in schematic representations of Amerindian and Euro-American cosmologies, difference for both is always a matter of institution and construction, and resemblance is a matter of essence and necessity. Thus, paradoxically, arguments about radical difference may in fact be read to assert an underlying essentialism as to the nature of difference itself. I conclude by proposing that we abandon conceptions of the nature of difference, in favor of a focus on “styles” of difference, and discuss some non-anthropological examples of this approach, as well as instances of different “styles” of difference from my own fieldwork.
Predicting mobile application breakout using sentiment analysis of Facebook posts
Authors: Hajhmida Moez Ben , Oueslati Oumayma
Published: May 2020

Publishing mobile applications on the official stores is becoming a big business. Many developers are charmed by the billion-dollar success of breakout applications. Thus, in order to ensure success, mobile applications need to sustain top ranking. Previous work on the predictability of mobile applications success aimed to extract from app stores relevant features that influence high rating. In this article, we propose an automated approach to exploit data available on Facebook platform that predicts mobile applications breakout. We collect data from Facebook graph API, then determine sentiment polarity of user comments. We design statistical features to score users sentiment for each post. Then, we compose posts scores with Facebook statistical measures to form a mobile applications breakout dataset. Finally, we use machine learning techniques to build our breakout prediction model. We evaluate our approach with 199 mobile applications and obtain a prediction accuracy of 83.78%. We find that Likes count on a Facebook page is decisive for climbing mobile applications ranking. However, a high rate of negative opinions declines application ranking and deprives mobile application of achieving a breakout. Based on these findings, we provide evidence that user interactions on social networks can influence the success of mobile applications.
Educators of students who are deafblind in the United States: A snapshot of their perceived needs for teacher preparation programs
Authors: Correa-Torres Silvia M , Bowen Sandy K , Furze Melody
Published: May 2020

The needs of students who are deafblind are unique in that it is not simply the addition of vision loss and hearing loss but the impact of both together. Often times, professionals who work with students who are deafblind face challenges for which they may not be prepared. The purpose of this study was to identify priorities for university programs preparing educators of students who are deafblind in the United States. A total of 205 educators participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete an electronic survey to answer questions related to demographics, professional background, and to rank items related to educational practices and needs when teaching students who are deafblind, from highest to lowest priority. Participants were recruited through electronic announcements sent to major professional organizations in the fields of visual impairments, deafness, and deafblindness. The top three priorities identified by participants when working with students with deafblindness were the following: (a) understanding the unique needs of students, (b) teaching techniques effective with students who are deafblind, and (c) accessibility to resources. Recommendations for personnel preparation programs will be discussed.
Clinical characteristics of moderate–severe obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents in China
Authors: Luo Liyuan , Feng Bin , Yang Senjun , Zhang Ning , Qiu Shengliang
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study reports clinical characteristic of moderate–severe obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) among school students in China.

Methods

We examined 153 patients for the distribution of OCD symptoms using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Symptoms Checklist, the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale-24, respectively, and impairment in learning, family and social functions using the Pediatric Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire.

Results

The number of total OCD, obsession and compulsion symptoms was 6.71 (standard deviation [SD] = 2.25), 3.77 (SD = 1.32) and 2.94 (SD = 1.59), respectively. The incidence of moderate and severe depressive symptoms for junior high school students was significantly higher than for primary and high school students. The number of children and adolescents with OCD increased with age, reaching a peak in the senior high school stage.

Conclusion

The most common symptoms in children and adolescent OCD patients are miscellaneous obsessions, aggressiveness, religiousness, checking, miscellaneous compulsions, cleaning-washing and repeating. These patients show a relatively high co-occurrence rate of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms, which impairs their learning, as well as their family and social functions.
Prevalence of stress urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life among women in Jordan: a correlational study
Authors: Sawaqed Fadi , Al Kharabsheh Ahlam , Tout Mohammad , Zaidan Mohammad , Khashram Hasan , AlShunaigat Nadeem
Published: May 2020

Objective

The study investigated the prevalence and impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among women in Jordan.

Methods

A correlational study was conducted to evaluate 500 Jordanian women aged >20 years. Women with symptoms of dementia, delirium, neurodegenerative changes and osteodegenerative changes were excluded. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires (Arabic version of the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) short forms).

Results

A total of 200 (40%) women reported SUI; 47% reported mild symptoms, 37% reported moderate symptoms and 16% reported severe symptoms. There were positive correlations between SUI prevalence and number of pregnancies, age and obesity. SUI had a substantial impact on all aspects of quality of life (QoL), as assessed by the IIQ-7.

Conclusions

A moderate prevalence of SUI was reported. There was a significant association between development of SUI and age, higher body mass index and number of pregnancies. Because SUI is highly prevalent and has a major effect on QoL, healthcare professionals should inquire about this condition and refer patients to related specialties for treatment.
Reconstructing forked corpus spongiosum to correct glans droop in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair
Authors: Zhang Bin , Bi Yunli , Ruan Shuangsui
Published: May 2020

Purpose

We reviewed our experience and efficacy of reconstruction of a forked corpus spongiosum (FCS) to correct glans droop in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair.

Methods

Eighty-five consecutive patients who underwent distal/midshaft hypospadias repair by the same surgeon in our center from October 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were accompanied by different degrees of glans droop, which we corrected by cutting off and reconstructing the FCS along the plate. We recorded the degrees of glans droop, development of the FCS, and postoperative complications including residual chordee, fistula, diverticulum, glans dehiscence, meatus stenosis, and urethral stricture.

Results

The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 37 months (mean, 19.7 months). Two patients (2.3%) developed a coronal fistula and underwent a second repair. Two patients (2.3%) developed a mild urethral diverticulum and underwent continued observation. One patient (1.2%) developed a meatus stenosis that resolved after 1 month of meatus expansion combined with external mometasone furoate. No patients developed postoperative residual chordee or urethral stricture.

Conclusions

The degree of glans droop is closely associated with the development of an FCS. Reconstructing the FCS to correct the glans droop can yield satisfactory outcomes and should be popularized in distal/midshaft hypospadias repair.
Incompleteness of urban infrastructures in transition: Scenarios from the mobile age in Nairobi
Authors: Guma Prince K
Published: May 2020

Work in policy and research circles tends to depict urban infrastructural heterogeneity as synonymous with failure or brokenness. Inherent in this tendency is the often-subtle expectation that infrastructures should evolve as do their counterparts elsewhere, or in a linear trajectory from less complete to more complete arrangements. This article opposes such completist lures and inclinations. I recuperate the notion of incompleteness as a constitutive feature and explanatory category for urban infrastructures that, while diverging from so-called norms and ideals, cannot be described as failed or broken. I argue that, rather than devising universalizing solutions to processes of infrastructural heterogeneity, it is perhaps better to see infrastructures as emergent, shifting and thus incomplete. I make this case looking at three successive infrastructures in Nairobi: the Simu ya Jamii kiosk, the M-Pesa stall and the M-Pesa platform. I examine these infrastructures not simply as raw materials or empirical conduits, but as the very starting point in theorizing urban infrastructures from the South. Ultimately, this study not only opens up a vital frame for situated analysis and understanding of urban infrastructures in transition, it also adds to and extends STS analytical frames into non-Northern contexts.
Surfacing the social factors early: A sociotechnical approach to the design of a future submarine
Authors: Boeing Alexandra Amy , Jorristma Karina , Griffin Mark A , Parker Sharon K
Published: May 2020

Socially oriented approaches to work systems design are increasingly important as new and disruptive technologies become more prevalent. Existing approaches used by organisations to integrate such technologies are often techno-centric and do not adequately consider human issues. Sociotechnical systems (STS) tools are intended to ensure that the technical and organisational aspects of a system are considered together, and given equal attention. However, they are predominately applied late in the design process, limiting their impact. In this article, we outline an STS approach to the early-phase development of a complex work system. The case study illuminates how an STS approach can facilitate the inclusion of socially oriented factors into the design process. We close with recommendations to guide the early-phase application of STS principles in other industries and contexts.

JEL Classification: C93, D02
Things Are the Way They Are: A Typology of Reification
Authors: Gunderson Ryan
Published: May 2020

This project clarifies the notoriously ambiguous concept of reification through analytical descriptions of reificatory modes of experience in social context. The experience of social constructions as fixed and unchangeable (“subjective reification”) is manifest in four interrelated experiential modes: (1) doxa, taking the social world for granted; (2) identification, experiencing abstractions as realer than particular objects; (3) enframing, the experience of means (technology and economic production) as ends and ends (humanity and life) as means; and (4) detachment, experience after suspending genuine emotional engagement. Each experiential mode is rooted in historically contingent yet objective social conditions (“objective reification”) and, thus, has a degree of validity – hence the power of reification, in comparison to legitimation, in social reproduction. Methodologically, the difficult path remains theorizing society as a totality without losing sight of its human formation with due attention to the everyday actors who reproduce and, every so often, challenge this totality.
Sharing Personal Experiences of Accessibility and Knowledge of Violence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mantler Tara , Jackson Kimberley T. , Walsh Edmund J. , Tobah Selma , Shillington Katie , Jackson Brianna , Soares Emily
Published: May 2020

In North America, the most common societal response to intimate partner violence (IPV) has been the establishment of women’s shelters for temporary housing and security. Rurality further compounds the challenges women experiencing IPV face, with unique barriers from their urban counterparts. This study sought to explore the intersection of rural women’s health care experiences within the context of IPV. Eight rural women living in Southwestern Ontario, who had experienced IPV, had used women’s shelter services, and who had accessed health care services in the preceding 6 months were interviewed. Using a feminist, intersectional lens, we collected and analyzed qualitative data using an interpretive description approach. Findings demonstrated that women were able to identify strengths and opportunities from their experiences, but significant challenges also exist for rural women seeking health care who experience IPV. Our findings underscore the need for filling of policy gaps between health care and the services women use. We propose that further research is needed on alternative, integrated models of shelter services that address health care needs for women experiencing IPV.
The Relationship Between the Development of General Offending and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Young Adulthood
Authors: Verbruggen Janna , Maxwell Christopher D. , Robinson Amanda L.
Published: May 2020

This study examined how patterns in general offending relate to the occurrence of and likelihood of persistence in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in young adulthood. The study used longitudinal data from the cohort of 18 year olds from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods study. Self-reported offending was measured in all three waves, and data on IPV were collected in Waves 1 and 3. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three distinct general offending trajectory groups: non-offenders, low-rate offenders, and high-rate offenders. The majority of respondents engaged in psychological IPV perpetration, and half of all young adults reported physical IPV, but prevalence rates decreased over the waves. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that those involved in offending, especially those who showed a diverse offending pattern, were at increased risk of perpetrating psychological and (severe) physical IPV, as well as to show persistence in the different forms of IPV perpetration. The findings highlight an important overlap between general crime and IPV perpetration. In recognition that IPV is often part of a broader pattern of antisocial behavior, interventions should focus on interrupting the criminal careers of all young offenders to reduce the prevalence and harms of IPV.
Does a Coordinated Program Between the Police and Prosecution Services Matter? The Impacts on Satisfaction and Safety of Domestic Violence Victims
Authors: Quintas Jorge , Sousa Pedro
Published: May 2020

Domestic violence–specialized programs have been created by the police or the criminal justice system with the intention of improving victims’ protection. This article examines the impact of the first Portuguese coordinated program, involving a specialized prosecution team and a special police unit, the experience of victims in encountering with authorities, and the fulfillment of their expectations on victims’ satisfaction and safety. Data were collected through a telephone survey, using a two-group quasi-experimental design, at two waves (3 and 12 months after the crime report). Victims from the experimental group are more satisfied and reveal a better sense of safety. However, it is only in the second variable that the program has a direct effect on multivariate analysis. Satisfaction mainly comes from the authorities’ demeanor and the expectation fulfillment while it is the authorities’ behavior and the expectation fulfillment that grounds safety.
Serious Jews: Cultural intimacy and the politics of Yiddish
Authors: Friedman Joshua B
Published: May 2020

This article shows how the concept of cultural intimacy can help scholars better analyze ethnoracial identity politics in the United States. It draws on ethnographic research with Yiddish language activists, or “Yiddishists.” Yiddishists define their engagement with the language through a discourse of “seriousness”—marked by hard work and intensive study. Seriousness, as a kind of affective orientation and cultural aspiration, offers Yiddishists a powerful, if subtle, resource to contest power relations in the American Jewish community. Through everyday discourses and performances of seriousness, Yiddishists set themselves apart from an American Jewish “mainstream,” or “establishment,” while simultaneously critiquing the grounds on which mainstream American Jewish institutions and individuals claim to speak on behalf of the community. Seriousness does this, I contend, by resignifying dominant American Jewish language ideologies about Yiddish as signs of American Jewish cultural intimacy—specifically, communal embarrassment over perceived deficits in knowledge about Jewishness.
Dual-mass flywheels with tuned vibration absorbers for application in heavy-duty truck powertrains
Authors: Wramner Lina
Published: May 2020

As the heavy-duty combustion engine development goes towards lower rotational speeds and higher cylinder pressures, the torsional vibrations increase. There is therefore a need to identify and study new types of vibration absorbers that can reduce the level of torsional vibrations transmitted from the engine to the gearbox. In this work, the concept of a dual-mass flywheel combined with a tuned vibration absorber is analysed. The tuned vibration absorber efficiently reduces the vibration amplitudes for engine load frequencies near the tuning frequency, but it also introduces an additional resonance into the system. By placing the tuned vibration absorber on an intermediate flange between the two dual-mass flywheels, the introduced resonance frequency will be lower than the tuning frequency and a resonance in operating engine speed range can be avoided. Numerical simulations are used to show how the torsional vibration amplitudes in a heavy-duty truck powertrain are affected by the tuned vibration absorber and how the different parameters of the tuned vibration absorber and the dual-mass flywheel affect the torsional vibrations and the resonance frequencies.
Leukemoid Reaction: Rare Presentation of Extremely Preterm Neonates
Authors: Kalra Arsha , Singal Ashwani
Published: May 2020

Hyperleukocytosis with a variable degree of immature precursors defines a leukemoid reaction (LR) with cause other than leukemia. We report a 25-week preterm with LR, without any features suggestive of leukemia. The LR was transient, and leucocytes followed a decreasing trend with no obvious LR-related complications.
Policy, Preparation, and Practice . . . Oh My! Current Policy Regarding the Paraprofessional Role and Preparation for Working With Students With Disabilities
Authors: Massafra Aimee , Gershwin Tracy , Gosselin Katrine
Published: May 2020

Over the past two decades, the paraprofessional role has expanded to include a variety of support roles in both general and special education. Although the most recent 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) addressed the necessity of paraprofessional preparation, training, and supervision, the field of education continues to struggle with incorporating these necessary components. In this article, we summarize current policies and standards, both state and federal, for training paraprofessionals in special education. Next, we provide possible recommendations for policy, practice, and future research to ensure the preparation of paraprofessionals and ultimately, the success of students who have disabilities.
The experimental analysis on the driving characteristics of photo response torsion actuator
Authors: Liu Yafeng , Wang Xinjie , Wang Jiong , Chen Hejuan , Huang Jiahan
Published: May 2020

The lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic is a well-known photostrictive material and has been studied extensively as wireless photo-controlled microactuators for its characteristic of photostrictive effect. However, the hysteresis phenomenon between photovoltage and photo-induced deformation has seriously hindered the application of the high-frequency dynamic field. The primary purpose of this article is to propose a photo response torsion actuator driven by opto-electrostatic hybrid driving method based on lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic to achieve the goal of rapid response regardless of the hysteresis phenomenon. To this end, this study observed the driving voltage, the relationship between the photovoltaic voltage of lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic and the deflection of the actuator, and the influence of different loads on driving characteristics through a series of experiments. From these experiments, the results indicate that when lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic is irradiated by ultraviolet light, the photovoltaic voltage with load is lower than that without load. The trend of deformation curves is in agreement with the trend of the driving voltage curves under different loads conditions. And the deformation of torsion actuator increases with the increase in light intensity. Therefore, the photo response torsion actuator driven by the opto-electrostatic hybrid driving method can control the deformation with rapid response speed effectively; meanwhile, the hysteresis phenomenon can be ignored.
Disrupting the Behavioral Health Consequences of Racial Discrimination: A Longitudinal Investigation of Racial Identity Profiles and Alcohol-Related Problems
Authors: Anderson Riana Elyse , Lee Daniel B. , Hope Meredith O. , Nisbeth Kyle , Bess Kiana , Zimmerman Marc A.
Published: May 2020

Researchers have documented the negative associations between racial discrimination and alcohol use for young Black people, yet fewer researchers have examined these associations longitudinally and with racial identity as a protective factor. We use data from the Flint Adolescent Study (465 Black/African Americans) to investigate the relationship between discrimination and alcohol-related problems over time, and how that relationship differs with varying trajectories of racial identity (i.e., private and public regard). Among those reporting persistently moderate levels of private regard and high levels of public regard in late adolescence through emerging adulthood, increases in racial discrimination were associated with increases in alcohol-related problems over time. Findings suggest that regard for one’s racial group may function protectively in the health strategies employed in response to discriminatory events. More longitudinal research is needed to delineate how varying racial pride operates with regard to long-term discrimination and behavioral health.
What is the optimal duration of intravenous antibiotics following single-stage revision total hip arthroplasty for prosthetic joint infection? A systematic review
Authors: Sandiford Nemandra A , McHale Anna , Citak Mustafa , Kendoff Daniel
Published: May 2020

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is 1 of the most challenging potential complications following total joint arthroplasty. Several surgical treatment strategies have been proposed for management of this diagnosis. The single-stage approach has been gaining popularity in contemporary literature. 1 fundamental aspect in the management of hip PJI is the administration of antibiotics, usually intravenously immediately after surgery, followed by a period of oral antibiotics. The optimal duration of the period of antibiotic therapy is undecided. The aim of this paper is to examine the trend in intravenous antibiotic use over the last 18 years and examine the influence this has had on the results of single-stage revision over that time period.
You’re making us all look bad: Sexism moderates women’s experience of collective threat and intra-gender hostility toward traditional and non-traditional female subtypes
Authors: Lizzio-Wilson Morgana , Masser Barbara M. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Iyer Aarti
Published: May 2020

Across two studies ( Ns = 265 and 735), we investigated whether women’s endorsement of hostile (HS) and benevolent sexism (BS) moderates their experience of collective threat and subsequent hostility toward traditional and non-traditional female subtypes. As expected, HS was positively associated with intra-gender hostility toward the non-traditional subtype, and these effects were mediated by collective threat. HS was negatively associated with collective threat and hostility toward the traditional subtype, but only when the target endorsed prescriptive gender beliefs that explicitly reinforced gender inequality. BS was associated with collective threat and hostility toward the non-traditional subtype, but these effects did not emerge consistently across both studies. These results suggest that women are not a homogeneous group whose members all find the same subtypes collectively threatening. Rather, the extent to which women internalize patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes influences the behaviors they find threatening and deserving of hostility.
Differences in the expression of the renin angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system during the course of myocardial infarction in male and female Wistar rats
Authors: Flores-Monroy Jazmín , Lezama-Martínez Diego , Fonseca-Coronado Salvador , Martínez-Aguilar Luisa
Published: May 2020

Background:

There is some evidence that components of the renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system are not similarly regulated in both sexes. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin 1 receptor, angiotensin 2 receptor, beta-1 receptor, and beta-2 receptor during the evolution of myocardial infarction.

Methods:

Thirty-six male and 36 female Wistar rats were used. Myocardial infarction was induced. Six groups of both sexes were formed, ( n=6): (a) sham; (b) 48 h myocardial infarction; (c) one week myocardial infarction; (d) two weeks myocardial infarction; (e) three weeks myocardial infarction and (f) four weeks myocardial infarction. The expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction on the penumbra of left ventricle.

Results:

The mRNA expression of most biomarkers was lower in females than in males. During acute infarction, an increase of all protein expression was found in female and at two weeks while in the male only biomarker changes occurred at three weeks. In addition, in male biomarkers mRNA expression decreased during chronic infarction while in females it did not.

Conclusions:

The renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system biomarkers expression occurs at earlier times in the female than in the male rat. In addition, during chronic myocardial infarction these biomarkers remained unchanged in females while in males they decreased.
Masculinity Restored? Putin’s Russia and Trump’s America
Authors: Ashwin Sarah , Utrata Jennifer
Published: May 2020

A major legacy of the Soviet Union is the overburdening of Russian women and the demoralization of Russian men. Putin uses hypermasculinity to appeal to these men. Is Trump stealing from Putin’s playbook in wielding masculine bravado as a tool of state power? We may be witnessing a remasculinization of both countries, as gendered performances continue to galvanize waves of populism worldwide.
Legitimizing military action through statistics and discourse in the 2014 IDF assault on Gaza
Authors: Tasseron Michael , Lawson Brendan T
Published: May 2020

This article analyses the way statistics were used by select British and South African news outlets in the coverage of the 2014 Israeli assault on Gaza. Taking asymmetrical warfare as their primary theoretical framework, we used a content analysis and interviews with journalists to uncover specific patterns and imbalances in the coverage. Within the text of the articles, we observed the way numbers served to legitimize Israeli attacks and de-legitimize attacks from Gaza. This can partially be explained by aspects of news production. Journalists described Israeli public relations as highly attuned to news production practices on the conflict. Taken as a whole, we argue that the use of numbers in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict can be conceptualized within an asymmetrical information context. In doing so, we emphasize the need to examine text as well as production when researching this war and other conflicts.
Exploring the causal pathway from body mass index to coronary heart disease: a network Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hu Xun , Zhuang Xiao-Dong , Mei Wei-Yi , Liu Gang , Du Zhi-Min , Liao Xin-Xue , Li Yi
Published: May 2020

Background:

We applied a network Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to determine the causal association between body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) and explored whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, TC; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL; triglycerides, TG) serve as causal mediators from BMI to CHD by integrating summary-level genome-wide association study data.

Methods:

Network MR analysis, an approach using genetic variants as the instrumental variables for both the exposure and mediator to infer causality was performed. Summary statistics from the GIANT consortium were used ( n = 152,893) for BMI, CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium data were used ( n = 184,305) for CHD, Global Lipids Genetics Consortium data were used ( n = 108,363) for TC, LDL, HDL and TG, and MAGIC consortia data were used ( n = 108,363) for HbA1c.

Results:

The inverse-variance-weighted-method estimate indicated that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for CHD was 1.562 (1.391–1.753) per 1 standard deviation (kg/m2) increase in BMI. Results were consistent in MR Egger method and weighted-median methods. MR estimate indicated that BMI was positively associated with HbA1c and TG, and negatively associated with HDL, but was not associated with TC or LDL. Moreover, HbA1c, TC, LDL, and TG were positively associated with CHD, yet there was no causal association between HDL and CHD. HbA1c was positively associated with TC, LDL, and HDL, but was not associated with TG.

Conclusions:

Higher BMI conferred an increased risk of CHD, which was partially mediated by HbA1c and lipid parameters. HbA1c and TG might be the main mediators in the link from BMI to CHD.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Failed Proximal Humerus Osteosynthesis With Intramedullary Allograft: A Case Series
Authors: Polisetty Teja , DeVito Paul , Judd Hyrum , Malarkey Andrew , Levy Jonathan C
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The presence of retained intramedullary fibular allograft presents many challenges during reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), which have been discussed in limited fashion. This case series presents a single-surgeon experience with 6 patients treated with RSA following failed osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures using intramedullary allografts.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of RSA patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up (exception of 1 deceased patient) for failed plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures. Two cohorts were created based on the presence of an intramedullary allograft during the procedure. Patient-reported outcome measures, active range of motion, time to revision, surgical time, complications, and case descriptions were obtained from chart review and radiographic analysis.

Results

When treating patients with a retained allograft, the surgeon used a guide pin from a cannulated screw set to advance through the graft, and a cannulated drill was used to ream and bypass the allograft, contributing to a 22% increase in surgical time (151 vs 124 min). Intraoperative complications were observed only in the allograft cohort (50%; 3 of 6), including cortical perforation with cement extrusion, humeral loosening, and proximal humerus bone loss. Patients treated with a retained allograft experienced pain relief ( P  =  .001) but did not gain significant functional improvements.

Conclusion

RSA for failed proximal humerus fixation with healed intramedullary allograft is associated with increased operative time and intraoperative complications, and patients can mostly expect pain relief. Techniques for humeral canal preparation and stem placement to bypass the allograft are helpful in managing these revisions.
Role of Axonal Odorant Receptors in Olfactory Topography
Authors: Lodovichi Claudia
Published: May 2020

A unique feature in the organization of the olfactory system is the dual role of the odorant receptors: they detect odors in the nasal epithelium and they play an instructive role in the convergence of olfactory sensory neuron axons in specific loci, ie, glomeruli, in the olfactory bulb. The dual role is corroborated by the expression of the odorant receptors in 2 specific locations of the olfactory sensory neurons: the cilia that protrude in the nostril, where the odorant receptors interact with odors, and the axon terminal, a suitable location for a potential axon guidance molecule. The mechanism of activation and function of the odorant receptors expressed at the axon terminal remained unknown for almost 20 years. A recent study identified the first putative ligand of the axonal odorant receptors, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein1, a molecule expressed in the olfactory bulb. The distinctive mechanisms of activation of the odorant receptors expressed at the opposite locations in sensory neurons, by odors, at the cilia, and by molecules expressed in the olfactory bulb, at the axon terminal, explain the dual role of the odorant receptors and link the specificity of odor perception with its internal representation, in the topographic map.
OsHsfB4d Binds the Promoter and Regulates the Expression of OsHsp18.0-CI to Resistant Against Xanthomonas Oryzae
Authors: Yang Wei , Ju Yanhu , Zuo Liping , Shang Luyue , Li Xinru , Li Xiaoming , Feng Shangzong , Ding Xinhua , Chu Zhaohui
Published: May 2020

Background

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and bacterial blight (BB) are two major prevalent and devastating rice bacterial diseases caused by the Gram-negative bacteria of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), respectively. Previously, we identified a defence-related (DR) gene encoding a small heat shock protein, OsHsp18.0-CI, that positively regulates BLS and BB resistance in rice.

Results

To reveal the regulatory mechanism of the OsHsp18.0-CI response to Xoc and Xoo, we characterized the class B heat shock factor (Hsf), OsHsfB4d, through transcriptional analysis and a transgenic study. OsHsfB4d is upregulated post inoculation by either the Xoc strain RS105 or Xoo strain PXO99a in Zhonghua 11 (wild type, ZH11) as well as in OsHsp18.0-CI overexpressing rice plants. Transient expression of OsHsfB4d can activate the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and luciferase (Luc) via the OsHsp18.0-CI promoter. Rice plants overexpressing OsHsfB4d exhibited enhanced resistance to RS105 and PXO99a as well as increased expression of OsHsp18.0-CI and pathogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, we found that OsHsfB4d directly binds to a DNA fragment carrying the only perfect heat shock element (HSE) in the promoter of OsHsp18.0-CI.

Conclusion

Overall, we reveal that OsHsfB4d, a class B Hsf, acts as a positive regulator of OsHsp18.0-CI to mediate BLS and BB resistance in rice.