bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypnotic Suggestion as a Technique for the Control of Dreaming
Authors: Tart Charles T.
Published: March 2017

Dream research is almost exclusively a matter of correlational research. We have, of course, learned a great deal about the nature of nocturnal dreaming as a result of correlational studies, and I have no doubt that we will continue to learn a great deal from them. If we could supplement correlational studies with functional studies, however, we could probably progress a good deal faster in our understanding of dreaming. What I would like to discuss are some attempts of mine to develop hypnotic suggestion or, more precisely, posthypnotic suggestion as a powerful and precise technique which would allow functional studies of dreaming and some speculations about the usefulness of such a technique and where it might lead us.
Breast Cancer Detection by Preoperative Imaging in Reduction Mammaplasty Patients: A Single Center Study of 918 Patients
Authors: Merkkola‐von Schantz Päivi A. , Kauhanen Susanna M. C. , Jahkola Tiina A. , Krogerus Leena A. , Hukkinen Katja S.
Published: March 2017

Background

The role of preoperative imaging and the usability of different imaging modalities is highly variable and controversial in reduction mammaplasty patients. Our study describes the imaging process in a single center in regard to modality selection, age and timing, and of the association between imaging and histopathological findings in reduction mammaplasty specimens.

Methods

Nine hundred eighteen women, who underwent reduction mammaplasty during 1.1.2007–31.12.2011, were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, preoperative imaging, further preoperative examinations, and pathology reports.

Results

Preoperative imaging had been conducted for 89.2% (n = 819) of the patients. In 49 (6.0%) patients, suspicious preoperative imaging led to further examinations revealing 2 high‐risk lesions (atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)), and 2 cancers preoperatively. Postoperatively abnormal histopathology specimens were revealed in 88 (10.4%) patients. The incidence of high‐risk lesions was 5.5% (n = 47), and the incidence of cancer was 1.2% (n = 10). Preoperative imaging was normal (BI‐RADS 1 and BI‐RADS 2) in 80.8% of these patients. The sensitivity of the preoperative imaging for cancer detection was 20.0%, and the specificity was 100.0%.

Conclusions

Preoperative imaging and further examinations do not sufficiently detect malignant or cancer risk‐increasing findings. Therefore, histopathological analysis of reduction mammaplasty specimens seems mandatory.
Population‐Based Autopsy Study of Traumatic Fatalities
Authors: Saar S. , Lomp A. , Laos J. , Mihnovitš V. , Šalkauskas R. , Lustenberger T. , Väli M. , Lepner U. , Talving P.
Published: March 2017

Background

Injuries result in 5.8 million global fatalities annually and are the leading cause of death in younger individuals. Nevertheless, population‐based autopsy investigations on traumatic deaths are scarce. We set out to study all consecutive autopsies on traumatic fatalities performed in a 5‐year time segment in Estonia.

Methods

After the ethics review board approval, all consecutive autopsies after blunt or penetrating deaths occurring in prehospital or in‐hospital settings between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013, were retrospectively reviewed using the National Forensic Medicine Database. Fatalities due to suffocation, intoxication, burns, or freezing were excluded. Data collection included demographics, mechanism of injuries, cause of death, and a detailed injury profile. Primary outcome was cause of death. Secondary outcomes included injury patterns.

Results

Overall, 1344 autopsies were included. 75.7% of deaths were following blunt trauma. Mean age was 50.4 ± 18.5 years, and 77.1% were male. A total of 71.8% of deaths occurred in the prehospital setting. Accidents, assaults, and suicides constituted 64.4, 20.5, and 15.2% of deaths, respectively. A total of 51.1% of injury fatalities had a positive blood alcohol level (BAL). Mean injury severity score was 39.7 ± 23.9. Most common cause of death was due to head injuries at 50.5% followed by hemorrhage at 30.4%. Cardiac and aortic injuries were the predominant cause of hemorrhage‐related fatalities.

Conclusions

The current population‐based investigation documented brain injury as the predominant cause of death followed by cardiac and aortic injuries. High incidence of positive BAL among injury fatalities requires national initiatives for alcohol harm reduction and law enforcement efforts.
A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials to Assess Outcomes of Genetic Counseling
Authors: Athens Barbara A. , Caldwell Samantha L. , Umstead Kendall L. , Connors Philip D. , Brenna Ethan , Biesecker Barbara B.
Published: March 2017

With the advancements in precision medicine and health care reform, it is critical that genetic counseling practice respond to emerging evidence to maximize client benefit. The objective of this review was to synthesize evidence on outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of genetic counseling to inform clinical practice. Seven databases were searched in conducting this review. Studies were selected for inclusion if they were: (a) RCTs published from 1990 to 2015, and (b) assessed a direct outcome of genetic counseling. Extracted data included study population, aims, and outcomes. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guidelines. A review of 1654 abstracts identified 58 publications of 54 unique RCTs that met inclusion criteria, the vast majority of which were conducted in cancer genetic counseling setting. Twenty‐seven publications assessed ‘enhancements’ to genetic counseling, and 31 publications compared delivery modes. The methodological rigor varied considerably, highlighting the need for attention to quality criteria in RCT design. While most studies assessed several client outcomes hypothesized to be affected by genetic counseling (e.g., psychological wellbeing, knowledge, perceived risk, patient satisfaction), disparate validated and reliable scales and other assessments were often used to evaluate the same outcome(s). This limits opportunity to compare findings across studies. While RCTs of genetic counseling demonstrate enhanced client outcomes in a number of studies and pave the way to evidence‐based practice, the heterogeneity of the research questions suggest an important need for more complementary studies with consistent outcome assessments.
Age at injury is associated with the long‐term cognitive outcome of traumatic brain injuries
Authors: Li Wei , Risacher Shannon L. , McAllister Thomas W. , Saykin Andrew J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2017

Introduction

The association between age at injury (AAI) and long‐term cognitive outcome of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) is debatable.

Methods

Eligible participants with a history of TBI from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were divided into a childhood TBI (cTBI) group (the AAI ≤ 21 years old) and an adult TBI (aTBI) group (the AAI > 21 years old).

Results

The cTBI group has a higher Everyday Cognition total score than the aTBI group. All perceived cognitive functions are worse for the cTBI group than for the aTBI group except memory. By contrast, the cTBI group has higher assessment scores on either the Boston Naming Test or Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test than the aTBI group.

Discussion

The AAI is associated with the long‐term cognitive outcomes in older adults with a history of TBI.
On the decay properties of the Franklin analyzing wavelet
Authors: Berkson E.
Published: March 2017

We study the behaviour of the Frankin analysing wavelet

ψ

, which is piecewise linear with nodes in

ℤ/2

, by giving the size and sign of

ψ(n/2)

.

On étudie le comportement de l’ondelette de Franklin

ψ

, affine par morceaux et à nœuds dans

ℤ/2

, en précisant la taille et le signe de

ψ(n/2)

.
Periodic solutions for a class of Lorenz–Lagrangian systems
Authors: Toland J.F.
Published: March 2017

The class of Lorenz–Lagrangian systems under consideration are those of the form

−\mathrm{A}\"q = \nabla \mathrm{V}(q)

,

q \in ℝ^n

, where

A

is a real, symmetric matrix with eigenvalues

µ_1 < 0 < µ_2 ≦ … ≦ µ_n

, the corresponding eigenvectors being

e_i

,

1 ≦ i ≦ n

. If

\mathrm M^+

and

\mathrm M^−

are disjoint infinite submanifolds of

ℝ^n

which are the graphs of bounded real-valued functions on span

\{e_2, …, e_n\}

with

\mathrm V = 0

on

\mathrm M^+ \cup \mathrm M^-

,

\mathrm V > 0

on the region

Ω

between

\mathrm M^+

and

\mathrm M^−

, and

\langle \nabla \mathrm{V},e_{1}\rangle \neq 0

on

ℝ^{n}\setminus \mathrm{\Omega }

, then we show that there exists a periodic solution of this system, provided that

∇\mathrm V

points towards the

e_1

axis outside a large cylinder centred on the

e_1

axis.

On étudie une classe de systèmes de Lorentz–Lagrange dans ℝ
n
de la forme

−\mathrm{A}\"q = \nabla \mathrm{V}\left(q\right)

, où

A

est une matrice sysmétrique réelle de valeurs propres

µ_1 < 0 < µ_2 ≦ … ≦ µ_n

. Les vecteurs propres correspondants sont notés

e_1, …, e_n

. On suppose qu’il existe sur l’hyperplan engendré par

e_2, …, e_n

deux fonctions bornées, dont les graphes

\mathrm M^+

et

\mathrm M^-

sont disjoints, et telles que

\mathrm V > 0

entre

\mathrm M^+

et

\mathrm M^-

et

\mathrm V = 0

sur

\mathrm M^+

et

\mathrm M^-

.

On montre alors que le système possède une solution périodique pourvu que

\langle \nabla \mathrm{V},e_{1}\rangle \neq 0

hors de

Ω

et que

∇\mathrm V

soit dirigé vers l’axe

e_1

loin de celui-ci.
Infinitely many radial solutions of an elliptic system
Authors: Terman D.
Published: March 2017

We consider a system of equations of the form

Δu + ∇F(u) = 0

. In this and two subsequent papers we find conditions on

F(u)

to guarantee that this system has infinitely many radial solutions. We also define a notion of winding number for each radial solution and prove that for each positive integer

K

there exists a radial solution with winding number

K

.

L’on considère un système d’équations de la forme

Δu + ∇F(u) = 0

. Dans cet article et dans deux articles à paraître, I’on trouve des conditions sur

F(u)

qui garantissent que le système a une infinité de solutions radiales. L’on définit également un nombre d’enlacements pour chaque solution radiale et l’on démontre que pour tout entier

K

non nul il existe une solution radiale dont le nombre d’enlacements est

K

.
Choosing Wisely Canada®: Five tests, procedures and treatments to question in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Cheng Amy H. Y. , Campbell Sam , Chartier Lucas B. , Goddard Tom , Magee Kirk , McEwen Jill , Kapur Atul K. , Holroyd Brian R. , Upadhye Suneel , Couperthwaite Stephanie , Rowe Brian H.
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC) is an initiative to encourage patient-physician discussions about the appropriate, evidence based use of medical tests, procedures and treatments. We present the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians’ (CAEP) top five list of recommendations, and the process undertaken to generate them.

Methods

The CAEP Expert Working Group (EWG) generated a candidate list of 52 tests, procedures, and treatments in emergency medicine whose value to care was questioned. This list was distributed to CAEP committee chairs, revised, and then divided and randomly allocated to 107 Canadian emergency physicians (EWG nominated) who voted on each item based on: action-ability, effectiveness, safety, economic burden, and frequency of use. The EWG discussed the items with the highest votes, and generated the recommendations by consensus.

Results

The top five CAEP CWC recommendations are: 1) Don’t order CT head scans in adults and children who have suffered minor head injuries (unless positive for a validated head injury clinical decision rule); 2) Don’t prescribe antibiotics in adults with bronchitis/asthma and children with bronchiolitis; 3) Don’t order lumbosacral spinal imaging in patients with non-traumatic low back pain who have no red flags/pathologic indicators; 4) Don’t order neck radiographs in patients who have a negative examination using the Canadian C-spine rules; and 5) Don’t prescribe antibiotics after incision and drainage of uncomplicated skin abscesses unless extensive cellulitis exists.

Conclusions

The CWC recommendations for emergency medicine were selected using a mixed methods approach. This top 5 list was released at the CAEP Conference in June 2015 and should form the basis for future implementation efforts.
SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF LIMITING CARLEMAN WEIGHTS
Authors: ANGULO-ARDOY PABLO , FARACO DANIEL , GUIJARRO LUIS
Published: March 2017

In Angulo-Ardoy et al. [Anal. PDE, 9(3) (2016), 575–596], we found some necessary conditions for a Riemannian manifold to admit a local limiting Carleman weight (LCW), based on the Cotton–York tensor in dimension 3 and the Weyl tensor in dimension 4. In this paper, we find further necessary conditions for the existence of local LCWs that are often sufficient. For a manifold of dimension 3 or 4, we classify the possible Cotton–York, or Weyl tensors, and provide a mechanism to find out whether the manifold admits local LCW for each type of tensor. In particular, we show that a product of two surfaces admits an LCW if and only if at least one of the two surfaces is of revolution. This provides an example of a manifold satisfying the eigenflag condition of Angulo-Ardoy et al. [Anal. PDE, 9(3) (2016), 575–596] but not admitting LCW.
NORMAL BASES FOR MODULAR FUNCTION FIELDS
Authors: KOO JA KYUNG , SHIN DONG HWA , YOON DONG SUNG
Published: March 2017

We provide a concrete example of a normal basis for a finite Galois extension which is not abelian. More precisely, let$\mathbb{C}(X(N))$be the field of meromorphic functions on the modular curve$X(N)$of level$N$. We construct a completely free element in the extension$\mathbb{C}(X(N))/\mathbb{C}(X(1))$by means of Siegel functions.
Effect of parity, milking time and stage of lactation on milk yield of Jiangyue donkey (Equus asinus) in North West China
Authors: Muhatai Geminguli , Cheng Long , Rugoho Innocent , Xiao Guoliang , Chen Genyuan , Hodge Simon , Zhou Xiaoling
Published: March 2017

The study reported in this Research Communication was carried out to examine how parity and milking time affected donkey milk yield under a typical Chinese production system. Eighteen Jiangyue breed donkeys with good health condition, aged between 6 and 9 years, and with parities 3 and 4, were selected. Milk production was measured commencing from the fourth week post-foaling, with a total data collection of 170 d in milk (lactation length). Mean milk yield of the donkeys used in this study was 3·0 kg/donkey/d. Results showed milk yield decreased with days in milk from 3·3 kg/donkey/d at the start of the study, to 2·2 kg/donkey/d by the end of the 170 d. Parity 3 donkeys produced 22% more milk than parity 4 donkeys (3·3 kg/donkey/d vs 2·7 kg/donkey/d). The information provided by this study should aid producers in estimating the expected milk yields from individual donkey, and better predict milk yield over the course of a production cycle.
An across-breed genome wide association analysis of susceptibility to paratuberculosis in dairy cattle
Authors: Sallam Ahmed M , Zare Yalda , Alpay Fazli , Shook George E , Collins Michael T , Alsheikh Samir , Sharaby Mahmoud , Kirkpatrick Brian W
Published: March 2017

Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants caused byMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP). It occurs worldwide and causes a significant loss in the animal production industry. There is no cure forMAPinfection and vaccination is problematic. Identification of genetics of susceptibility could be a useful adjunct for programs that focus on management, testing and culling of diseased animals. A case-control, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using Holstein and Jersey cattle in a combined analysis in order to identify markers and chromosomal regions associated with susceptibility toMAPinfection across-breed. A mixed-model method (GRAMMAR-GC) implemented in the GenABEL R package and a Bayes C analysis implemented in GenSel software were used as alternative approaches to conduct GWAS analysis focused on single SNPs and chromosomal segments, respectively. After conducting quality control, 22 406 SNPs from 2157 individuals were available for the GRAMMAR-GC (Bayes C) analysis and 45 640 SNPs from 2199 individuals were available for the Bayes C analysis. One SNP located on BTA27 (8·6 Mb) was identified as moderately associated (P< 5 × 10−5, FDR = 0·44) in the GRAMMAR-GC analysis of the combined breed data. Nine 1 Mb windows located on BTA 2, 3 (3 windows), 6, 8, 25, 27 and 29 each explained ≥1% of the total proportion of genetic variance in the Bayes C analysis. In an analysis ignoring differences in linkage phase, two moderately significantly associated SNPs were identified; ARS-BFGL-NGS-19381 on BTA23 (32 Mb) and Hapmap40994-BTA-46361 on BTA19 (61 Mb). New common genomic regions and candidate genes have been identified from the across-breed analysis that might be involved in the immune response and susceptibility toMAPinfection.
London's Hadrianic War?
Authors: Perring Dominic
Published: March 2017

Recent work has advanced our understanding of human crania found in London's upper Walbrook valley, where skull deposition appears to have peaked during the occupation of the Cripplegate fort, itself probably built soon after London's Hadrianic fire. Although this fire is usually considered to have been accidental, parallels can be drawn with London's Boudican destruction. This article explores the possibility that these three strands of Hadrianic evidence — fire, fort and skulls — find common explanation in events associated with a British war of this period. This might support the identification of some Walbrook skulls as trophy heads, disposed asnoxiiin wet places in the urbanpomerium.
Comparison of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in haemodialysis (HD) patients: a meta-analysis ofκestimates
Authors: AYUBI E. , DOOSTI-IRANI A. , SANJARI MOGHADDAM A. , KHAZAEI S. , MANSORI K. , SAFIRI S. , SANI M. , MOSTAFAVI E.
Published: March 2017

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a concern in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Many studies have compared QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) for detecting LTBI and reported theκstatistic of agreement between QFT-GIT and TST in HD patients. The present study aimed to systematically review this literature and conduct meta-analysis of individual studies that estimated theκbetween QFT-GIT with TST among HD patients. All relevant published studies that were available as full-text were obtained by searching Medline (1950), Web of Sciences (1945), Scopus (1973) through May 2016. Theκwas re-estimated from the individual studies and pooled using random effect meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were applied to evaluate the effect of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, TST cut-off points, quality of studies, sample size and age on variation ofκestimate. Eight studies involving 901 HD patients were included in meta-analysis. The pooledκestimate was 0·28 (I2= 18·4%,P= 0·239, 95% confidence intervals 0·22–0·34). The discordance of TST−/QFT-GIT+ was more than TST+/QFT-GIT−. History of BCG vaccination, TST cut-off points and age are related to variation ofκestimates. TST and QFT-GIT are not comparable in detecting LTBI in HD patients. The higher TST−/QFT-GIT+ ratio compared with TST+/QFT-GIT− ratio, may indicate the superiority of QFT-GIT over TST for detection LTBI in HD patients.
Revisiting the system of English relative clauses: structure, semantics, discourse functionality
Authors: CORNISH FRANCIS
Published: March 2017

The goal of this article is to uncover the system underlying three types of English relative clauses, and to characterise their distinctive uses in discourse: NP-integrated ones, namely restrictive and ‘a-restrictive’ relative clauses, and non-integrated ones, represented by non-restrictive relatives.

The area at issue is central, since understanding the functioning of these constructions requires reference to the fundamental interface between grammar (language system) and discourse (language use). The discourse functions of the three subtypes of relatives are claimed to be underlain by their intrinsic morphosyntactic and semantic properties. A major aim is to highlight the relative degree of ‘communicative dynamism’ of each subtype of relative clause, in terms of its respective contribution to the construction of discourse.

In doing so, the article focuses on the distinctive properties of presupposed as well as non-presupposed restrictive relatives, and of definite as well as indefinite NPs containing integrated relatives more generally. Along the way, it critically examines certain controversial conceptions of the structural and functional features of the constructions at issue, and, in particular, the claim that there is no essential distinction to be drawn between ‘integrated’ and phrase-external relative clause subtypes at all.
The Evolution of Music Therapy
Authors: Mastnak Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Five overlapping eras or stages can be distinguished in the evolution of music therapy. The first one refers to the historical roots and ethnological sources that have influenced modern meta-theoretical perspectives and practices. The next stage marks the heterogeneous origins of modern music therapy in the 20th century that mirror psychological positions and novel clinical ideas about the healing power of music. The subsequent heyday of music therapeutic models and schools of thought yielded an enormous variety of concepts and methods such as Nordoff–Robbins music therapy, Orff music therapy, analytic music therapy, regulatory music therapy, guided imagery and music, sound work, etc. As music therapy gained in international importance, clinical applications required research on its therapeutic efficacy. According to standards of evidence-based medicine and with regard to clearly defined diagnoses, research on music therapeutic practice was the core of the fourth stage of evolution. The current stage is characterized by the emerging epistemological dissatisfaction with the paradigmatic reductionism of evidence-based medicine and by the strong will to discover the true healing nature of music. This trend has given birth to a wide spectrum of interdisciplinary hermeneutics for novel foundations of music therapy. Epigenetics, neuroplasticity, regulatory and chronobiological sciences, quantum physical philosophies, universal harmonies, spiritual and religious views, and the cultural anthropological phenomenon of esthetics and creativity have become guiding principles. This article should not be regarded as a historical treatise but rather as an attempt to identify theoretical landmarks in the evolution of modern music therapy and to elucidate the evolution of its spirit.
Angst, Depression und Trauma – transdiagnostische Effekte der traumafokussierten kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (TF-KVT)
Authors: Sachser Cedric , Goldbeck Lutz
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Kinder und Jugendliche mit posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen weisen häufig auch Angstsymptome und depressive Symptome auf. Diese Studie untersucht bei 159 Teilnehmern einer multizentrischen klinischen Studie (Alter 7 – 17 Jahre) die Vergesellschaftung posttraumatischer Stresssymptome (PTSS) mit Angst und Depression sowie das Ansprechen dieser Symptome auf traumafokussierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (TF-KVT). Bei Studienbeginn zeigten 121 (76 %) Patienten klinisch relevante Angstsymptome und 91 (57 %) klinisch relevante Depressionssymptome. PTSS waren signifikant mit Angst (r = .42, p < .001) sowie mit Depression (r = .49, p < .001) korreliert. Mit TF-KVT behandelte Patienten zeigten nicht nur eine deutliche Remission ihrer Stresssymptomatik, sondern auch ihrer Angst- und Depressionssymptome. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die hohe Prävalenz klinisch relevanter Angst- und Depressionssymptome bei traumatisierten Kindern und Jugendlichen und verweisen auf transdiagnostische Effekte der TF-KVT.
Komorbide Angststörungen bei Störungen des Sozialverhaltens
Authors: Lüdtke Janine , Boonmann Cyril , Dölitzsch Claudia , In-Albon Tina , Jenkel Nils , Kölch Michael , Fegert Jörg M. , Schmeck Klaus , Schmid Marc
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl Angststörungen (AS) häufig komorbid mit einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens (SSV) auftreten, wurde diese Komorbidität in der Forschung weitgehend vernachlässigt. Komorbide AS wirken sich in Studien sowohl positiv als auch negativ auf den Verlauf einer SSV aus. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, Heranwachsende mit einer SSV mit und ohne AS hinsichtlich psychischer Belastung, traumatischen Erlebnissen, psychopathischen Persönlichkeitstraits und Legalbewährung zu untersuchen. 207 Heranwachsende mit einer SSV (9 – 25 Jahre; 73.4 % männlich; SSV: N = 180, SSV und AS: N = 27), die zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung in Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen lebten, konnten eingeschlossen werden. Es wurden strukturierte klinische Interviews und eine psychometrische Testbatterie eingesetzt. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Gruppe mit SSV und AS signifikant weniger externalisierende und mehr internalisierende Symptome sowie traumatische Erlebnisse aufweisen. Bezüglich psychopathischer Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Verurteilungen (>50 % in beiden Gruppen) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Ausprägung der SSV für die Kriminalitätsentwicklung bedeutsamer und die spezifische Komorbidität von AS aber doch ätiologisch und symptomatisch von großem Interesse ist. Diese sollte deshalb mit Längsschnittstudien und Therapieprozessanalysen intensiver beforscht werden.
Trauern in Abhängigkeit vom Verwandtschaftsverhältnis zum Verstorbenen und der Todesart
Authors: Wittkowski Joachim , Scheuchenpflug Rainer
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die Frage, ob bei Erwachsenen Unterschiede in der Ausprägung verschiedener Aspekte des Trauerns in Abhängigkeit vom Verwandtschaftsverhältnis zur verstorbenen Person und zur Todesart bestehen. Eine Stichprobe von 521 Personen bearbeitete das Würzburger Trauerinventar teils online und teils im Papier-und-Bleistift-Verfahren. Nach dem Verlust eines Kindes oder Ehepartners sind akute emotionale und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen und das Empfinden der Nähe zur verstorbenen Person jeweils stärker ausgeprägt als nach dem Verlust eines Elternteils oder Geschwisters. Nach einem unfallbedingten Verlust sind Beeinträchtigungen und das Empfinden der Nähe zur verstorbenen Person nicht stärker als nach einem Todesfall infolge von Krankheit. Angehörige von Suizidopfern äußern stärkere Schuldgefühle als Angehörige von Personen, die durch Krankheit oder Unfall umkamen. „Alter“, „Geschlecht“ und „Konfession“ spielen keine Rolle als Moderatorvariablen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Kontext internationaler Befunde zu Risikofaktoren des Trauerns diskutiert, und es werden Schlussfolgerungen für die klinische Praxis aufgezeigt.
Physical Activity and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life
Authors: Jeckel Stephanie , Sudeck Gorden
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Multiple studies verified the acute positive effects of physical activity on affective well-being, focusing on sport activities in laboratory settings or supervised programs. This study builds on existing ambulatory assessment studies that indicate positive associations between physical activity and affective well-being (valence, energetic arousal) in everyday life and explicitly differentiates between sport activities and daily physical activities. Moreover, the sustainability of effects is explored. For 7 days, 21 men and 25 women (Mage = 32 years) participated in the study. Physical activity was captured objectively by an accelerometer and additionally with an activity diary. Affective well-being was gathered via a smartphone multiple times per day. Multilevel analyses revealed positive effects on affective well-being (valence, calmness, energetic arousal) for sport activities included in the daily routine. Daily physical activity showed acute positive effects for valence and energetic arousal but not for calmness. However, at the day’s end, sport activities and daily physical activity were positively associated with valence and calmness. This study gives further background knowledge for activity recommendations based on the affect-regulating potential of physical activity.
Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Stressvulnerabilität, Stressbewältigung und Stresssymptomatik bei Grundschulkindern
Authors: Beck Jennifer , Lange Sarah , Tröster Heinrich
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich Mädchen und Jungen im Grundschulalter in ihrer Stressvulnerabilität und -symptomatik sowie in ihren Stressbewältigungsstrategien unterscheiden. Dazu wurden bei 485 Kindern (51.1 % Mädchen) der dritten und vierten Klassenstufe (Alter 8 – 11) die Stressvulnerabilität, Stresssymptomatik und Stressbewältigung (sozialer und leistungsbezogener Situationen) anhand des „Fragebogens zur Erhebung von Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter“ (SSKJ 3 – 8; Lohaus, Eschenbeck, Kohlmann & Klein-Heßling, 2006 ) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei Mädchen eine höhere Stressvulnerabilität und -symptomatik besteht als bei Jungen. Zur Bewältigung von Alltagsstressoren suchten Mädchen mehr soziale Unterstützung als Jungen, während Jungen häufiger vermeidend bewältigten als Mädchen. Die Geschlechtsunterschiede variierten nicht in Abhängigkeit der Stresssituation. Der Einsatz der Strategien Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung, vermeidende Bewältigung und destruktiv-ärgerbezogene Emotionsregulation wurde jedoch generell häufiger in der sozialen als in der leistungsbezogenen Anforderungssituation berichtet. Unsere Befunde deuten auf einen besonderen Unterstützungsbedarf von Mädchen hin und werfen die Frage nach geschlechtsspezifischen Fördermaßnahmen für Grundschulkinder auf.
Neuroblastoma cells depend on HDAC11 for mitotic cell cycle progression and survival
Authors: Thole Theresa M , Lodrini Marco , Fabian Johannes , Wuenschel Jasmin , Pfeil Sebastian , Hielscher Thomas , Kopp-Schneider Annette , Heinicke Ulrike , Fulda Simone , Witt Olaf , Eggert Angelika , Fischer Matthias , Deubzer Hedwig E
Published: March 2017

The number of long-term survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma remains discouraging, with 10-year survival as low as 20%, despite decades of considerable international efforts to improve outcome. Major obstacles remain and include managing resistance to induction therapy, which causes tumor progression and early death in high-risk patients, and managing chemotherapy-resistant relapses, which can occur years after the initial diagnosis. Identifying and validating novel therapeutic targets is essential to improve treatment. Delineating and deciphering specific functions of single histone deacetylases in neuroblastoma may support development of targeted acetylome-modifying therapeutics for patients with molecularly defined high-risk neuroblastoma profiles. We show here that HDAC11 depletion inMYCN-driven neuroblastoma cell lines strongly induces cell death, mostly mediated by apoptotic programs. Genes necessary for mitotic cell cycle progression and cell division were most prominently enriched in at least two of three time points in whole-genome expression data combined from two cell systems, and all nine genes in these functional categories were strongly repressed, includingCENPA,KIF14,KIF23andRACGAP1. Enforced expression of one selected candidate,RACGAP1, partially rescued the induction of apoptosis caused by HDAC11 depletion. High-level expression of all nine genes in primary neuroblastomas significantly correlated with unfavorable overall and event-free survival in patients, suggesting a role in mediating the more aggressive biological and clinical phenotype of these tumors. Our study identified a group of cell cycle-promoting genes regulated by HDAC11, being both predictors of unfavorable patient outcome and essential for tumor cell viability. The data indicate a significant role of HDAC11 for mitotic cell cycle progression and survival ofMYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells, and suggests that HDAC11 could be a valuable drug target.
Metacaspase-binding peptide inhibits heat shock-induced death in Leishmania (L.) amazonensis
Authors: Peña Mauricio S , Cabral Guilherme C , Fotoran Wesley L , Perez Katia R , Stolf Beatriz S
Published: March 2017

Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is an important agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. This parasite faces cell death in some situations during transmission to the vertebrate host, and this process seems to be dependent on the activity of metacaspase (MCA), an enzyme bearing trypsin-like activity present in protozoans, plants and fungi. In fact, the association between MCA expression and cell death induced by different stimuli has been demonstrated for several Leishmania species. Regulators and natural substrates of MCA are poorly known. To fulfill this gap, we have employed phage display over recombinant L. (L.) amazonensis MCA to identify peptides that could interact with the enzyme and modulate its activity. Four peptides were selected for their capacity to specifically bind to MCA and interfere with its activity. One of these peptides, similar to ecotin-like ISP3 of L. (L.) major, decreases trypsin-like activity of promastigotes under heat shock, and significantly decreases parasite heat shock-induced death. These findings indicate that peptide ligands identified by phage display affect trypsin-like activity and parasite death, and that an endogenous peptidase inhibitor is a possible natural regulator of the enzyme.
Mechanical compression induces VEGFA overexpression in breast cancer via DNMT3A-dependent miR-9 downregulation
Authors: Kim Baek Gil , Gao Ming-Qing , Kang Suki , Choi Yoon Pyo , Lee Joo Hyun , Kim Ji Eun , Han Hyun Ho , Mun Seong Gyeong , Cho Nam Hoon
Published: March 2017

Tumor growth generates mechanical compression, which may trigger mechanotransduction in cancer and stromal cells and promote tumor progression. However, very little is known about how compression stimulates signal transduction and contributes to tumor progression. In the present study, we demonstrated that compression enhances a tumor progression phenotype using an in vitro compression model, and validated the results from the in vitro model with high- and low-compressed breast cancer tissues. Mechanical compression induced miR-9 downregulation by DNMT3A-dependent promoter methylation in the MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 breast cancer cell lines and in cancer-associated fibroblasts. The overexpression of miR-9 target genes (LAMC2, ITGA6, and EIF4E) was induced by miR-9 downregulation, which eventually enhanced vascular endothelial growth factors production. Demethylation and decompression could reverse compression-induced miR-9 downregulation and following overexpression of miR-9 target genes and VEGFA.
Evolution of complexity in the zebrafish synapse proteome
Authors: Bayés Àlex , Collins Mark O. , Reig-Viader Rita , Gou Gemma , Goulding David , Izquierdo Abril , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Emes Richard D. , Grant Seth G. N.
Published: March 2017

The proteome of human brain synapses is highly complex and is mutated in over 130 diseases. This complexity arose from two whole-genome duplications early in the vertebrate lineage. Zebrafish are used in modelling human diseases; however, its synapse proteome is uncharacterized, and whether the teleost-specific genome duplication (TSGD) influenced complexity is unknown. We report the characterization of the proteomes and ultrastructure of central synapses in zebrafish and analyse the importance of the TSGD. While the TSGD increases overall synapse proteome complexity, the postsynaptic density (PSD) proteome of zebrafish has lower complexity than mammals. A highly conserved set of ∼1,000 proteins is shared across vertebrates. PSD ultrastructural features are also conserved. Lineage-specific proteome differences indicate that vertebrate species evolved distinct synapse types and functions. The data sets are a resource for a wide range of studies and have important implications for the use of zebrafish in modelling human synaptic diseases.
ALS-linked FUS exerts a gain of toxic function involving aberrant p38 MAPK activation
Authors: Sama Reddy Ranjith K. , Fallini Claudia , Gatto Rodolfo , McKeon Jeanne E. , Song Yuyu , Rotunno Melissa S. , Penaranda Saul , Abdurakhmanov Izrail , Landers John E. , Morfini Gerardo , Brady Scott T. , Bosco Daryl A.
Published: March 2017

Mutations in Fused in Sarcoma/Translocated in Liposarcoma (FUS) cause familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive axonal degeneration mainly affecting motor neurons. Evidence from transgenic mouse models suggests mutant forms of FUS exert an unknown gain-of-toxic function in motor neurons, but mechanisms underlying this effect remain unknown. Towards this end, we studied the effect of wild type FUS (FUS WT) and three ALS-linked variants (G230C, R521G and R495X) on fast axonal transport (FAT), a cellular process critical for appropriate maintenance of axonal connectivity. All ALS-FUS variants impaired anterograde and retrograde FAT in squid axoplasm, whereas FUS WT had no effect. Misfolding of mutant FUS is implicated in this process, as the molecular chaperone Hsp110 mitigated these toxic effects. Interestingly, mutant FUS-induced impairment of FAT in squid axoplasm and of axonal outgrowth in mammalian primary motor neurons involved aberrant activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, as also reported for ALS-linked forms of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Accordingly, increased levels of active p38 MAPK were detected in post-mortem human ALS-FUS brain tissues. These data provide evidence for a novel gain-of-toxic function for ALS-linked FUS involving p38 MAPK activation.
Differential modulation of the cellular and humoral immune responses in Drosophila is mediated by the endosomal ARF1-Asrij axis
Authors: Khadilkar Rohan J. , Ray Arindam , Chetan D. R. , Sinha Arghyashree RoyChowdhury , Magadi Srivathsa S. , Kulkarni Vani , Inamdar Maneesha S.
Published: March 2017

How multicellular organisms maintain immune homeostasis across various organs and cell types is an outstanding question in immune biology and cell signaling. InDrosophila, blood cells (hemocytes) respond to local and systemic cues to mount an immune response. While endosomal regulation ofDrosophilahematopoiesis is reported, the role of endosomal proteins in cellular and humoral immunity is not well-studied. Here we demonstrate a functional role for endosomal proteins in immune homeostasis. We show that the ubiquitous trafficking protein ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1) and the hemocyte-specific endosomal regulator Asrij differentially regulate humoral immunity. Asrij and ARF1 play an important role in regulating the cellular immune response by controlling the crystal cell melanization and phenoloxidase activity. ARF1 and Asrij mutants show reduced survival and lifespan upon infection, indicating perturbed immune homeostasis. The ARF1-Asrij axis suppresses the Toll pathway anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) by regulating ubiquitination of the inhibitor Cactus. The Imd pathway is inversely regulated- while ARF1 suppresses AMPs, Asrij is essential for AMP production. Several immune mutants have reduced Asrij expression, suggesting that Asrij co-ordinates with these pathways to regulate the immune response. Our study highlights the role of endosomal proteins in modulating the immune response by maintaining the balance of AMP production. Similar mechanisms can now be tested in mammalian hematopoiesis and immunity.
Biodegradable Cable-Tie Rapamycin-eluting Stents
Authors: Lee Cheng-Hung , Hsieh Ming-Jer , Chang Shang-Hung , Chiang Chang-Lin , Fan Ching-Lung , Liu Shih-Jung , Chen Wei-Jan , Wang Chao-Jan , Hsu Ming-Yi , Hung Kuo-Chun , Chou Chung-Chuan , Chang Po-Cheng
Published: March 2017

“Cable-tie” type biodegradable stents with drug-eluting nanofiber were developed to treat rabbit denuded arteries in this study. Biodegradable stents were fabricated using poly-L-lactide film following being cut and rolled into a cable-tie type stent. Additionally, drug-eluting biodegradable nanofiber tubes were electrospun from a solution containing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), rapamycin, and hexafluoroisopropanol, and then mounted onto the stents. The fabricated rapamycin-eluting cable-tie stents exhibited excellent mechanical properties on evaluation of compression test and collapse pressure, and less than 8% weight loss following being immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 16 weeks. Furthermore, the biodegradable stents delivered high rapamycin concentrations for over 4 weeks and achieved substantial reductions in intimal hyperplasia associated with elevated heme oxygenase-1 and calponin level on the denuded rabbit arteries during 6 months of follow-up. The drug-eluting cable-tie type stents developed in this study might have high potential impacts for the local drug delivery to treat various vascular diseases.
Emotional anticipation after delivery – a longitudinal neuroimaging study of the postpartum period
Authors: Gingnell Malin , Toffoletto Simone , Wikström Johan , Engman Jonas , Bannbers Elin , Comasco Erika , Sundström-Poromaa Inger
Published: March 2017

Neuroimaging research has begun to unveil the mechanisms behind emotion processing during the postpartum period, which, in turn, may be of relevance for the development of postpartum depression. The present study sought to longitudinally investigate the neural correlates of emotion anticipation during the postpartum period in healthy women. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed to measure the blood oxygen level-dependent signal in the brain in response to anticipation of negative emotional stimuli and during processing of images with positive or negative valence. The participating women were scanned twice: the first scan occurred during the first 48 hours after delivery, and the second was performed 4–6 weeks after delivery. The early postpartum period was characterized by higher anterior cingulate cortex reactivity during anticipation of negative emotional stimuli than the late postpartum period. This was accompanied by a negative relationship with insular reactivity during the early postpartum period and a trend towards an increase in insular reactivity in the late postpartum period. Thus, during the first four weeks of the postpartum period, a diminished top-down regulatory feedback on emotion-related areas of the brain was noted. This finding suggests a physiologically important adaptation during the healthy postpartum period.
Big data analyses reveal patterns and drivers of the movements of southern elephant seals
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge P. , Fernández-Gracia Juan , Thums Michele , Hindell Mark A. , Sequeira Ana M. M. , Meekan Mark G. , Costa Daniel P. , Guinet Christophe , Harcourt Robert G. , McMahon Clive R. , Muelbert Monica , Duarte Carlos M. , Eguíluz Víctor M.
Published: March 2017

The growing number of large databases of animal tracking provides an opportunity for analyses of movement patterns at the scales of populations and even species. We used analytical approaches, developed to cope with “big data”, that require no ‘a priori’ assumptions about the behaviour of the target agents, to analyse a pooled tracking dataset of 272 elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) in the Southern Ocean, that was comprised of >500,000 location estimates collected over more than a decade. Our analyses showed that the displacements of these seals were described by a truncated power law distribution across several spatial and temporal scales, with a clear signature of directed movement. This pattern was evident when analysing the aggregated tracks despite a wide diversity of individual trajectories. We also identified marine provinces that described the migratory and foraging habitats of these seals. Our analysis provides evidence for the presence of intrinsic drivers of movement, such as memory, that cannot be detected using common models of movement behaviour. These results highlight the potential for “big data” techniques to provide new insights into movement behaviour when applied to large datasets of animal tracking.
Alleviation of Microglial Activation Induced by p38 MAPK/MK2/PGE2 Axis by Capsaicin: Potential Involvement of other than TRPV1 Mechanism/s
Authors: Bhatia Harsharan S. , Roelofs Nora , Muñoz Eduardo , Fiebich Bernd L.
Published: March 2017

Exaggerated inflammatory responses in microglia represent one of the major risk factors for various central nervous system’s (CNS) associated pathologies. Release of excessive inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines are the hallmark of hyper-activated microglia. Here we have investigated the hitherto unknown effects of capsaicin (cap) - a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist- in murine primary microglia, organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs) and human primary monocytes. Results demonstrate that cap (0.1–25 µM) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 8-iso-PGF2α, and differentially regulated the levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 & IL-1β). Pharmacological blockade (via capsazepine & SB366791) and genetic deficiency of TRPV1 (TRPV1−/−) did not prevent cap-mediated suppression of PGE2 in activated microglia and OHSCs. Inhibition of PGE2 was partially dependent on the reduced levels of PGE2 synthesising enzymes, COX-2 and mPGES-1. To evaluate potential molecular targets, we discovered that cap significantly suppressed the activation of p38 MAPK and MAPKAPK2 (MK2). Altogether, we demonstrate that cap alleviates excessive inflammatory events by targeting the PGE2 pathway in in vitro and ex vivo immune cell models. These findings have broad relevance in understanding and paving new avenues for ongoing TRPV1 based drug therapies in neuroinflammatory-associated diseases.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number augments performance of A1C and oral glucose tolerance testing in the prediction of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cho Seong Beom , Koh InSong , Nam Hye-Young , Jeon Jae-Pil , Lee Hong Kyu , Han Bok-Ghee
Published: March 2017

Here, we tested the performance of the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in predicting future type 2 diabetes (n = 1108). We used the baseline clinical data (age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and the mtDNA-CN, hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels and results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) including fasting plasma glucose, 1-hour glucose, and 2-hour glucose levels, to predict future diabetes. We built a prediction model using the baseline data and the diabetes status at biannual follow-up of 8 years. The mean area under curve (AUC) for all follow-ups of the full model including all variables was 0.92 ± 0.04 (mean ± standard deviation), while that of the model excluding the mtDNA-CN was 0.90 ± 0.03. The sensitivity of the f4ull model was much greater than that of the model not including mtDNA-CN: the mean sensitivities of the model with and without mtDNA-CN were 0.60 ± 0.06 and 0.53 ± 0.04, respectively. We found that the mtDNA-CN of peripheral leukocytes is a biomarker that augments the predictive power for future diabetes of A1C and OGTT. We believe that these results could provide invaluable information for developing strategies for the management of diabetes.