bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discriminación laboral por razones de discapacidad y la vulneración de derecho fundamental al trabajo en la municipalidad de Ate - Vitarte 2019- 2020
Authors:   , Cornejo Huaman AntonioEvaristo , Galvez Roque Cinthya Gianinna
Published: July 2023

La presente Tesis, denominada Discriminación Laboral por razones de discapacidad y la vulneración de derecho fundamental al trabajo en la Municipalidad de Ate – Vitarte 2019 – 2020, nos ha permito realizar un diagnóstico de los antecedentes sobre estos casos tanto como a Nivel Internacional y Nivel Nacional, en el caso del distrito de Ate – Vitarte presenta un gran aumento frente discriminación laboral por discapacidad. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (2014-2021) en la actualidad determina que la discapacidad es un problema mundial de salud en 13 Países, por lo tanto, la población que cuenten con algún tipo de discapacidades está asociadas con la posibilidad de ser pobre por bajos recursos y por no contar un empleo adecuado. igualmente, las personas que viven con discapacidad son objeto de burlas, discriminación y desigualdades, asimismo sus derechos son vulnerados, al igual que su dignidad, lo cual se ve reflejado en violencia, abusos o por falta de respeto por tan solo tener una discapacidad. Por lo ante señalado, la discapacidad se constituye como prioridad para el desarrollo social de un Estado, puesto que su prevalencia es mayor en los países de menores ingresos, existiendo una conexión bidireccional entre pobreza y discapacidad. La Ley Nª 29973, aprobado por un Decreto Supremo Nª 0133-2019-MMP, de tal manera que el Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo nos da a conocer que los gobiernos regionales y municipalidades, que la población con discapacidad merece ajustes razonables en el centro de trabajo. Teniendo en cuenta precaución que comprende la accesibilidad de todas las herramientas que pueda necesitar las persona con discapacidad, ya se las máquinas y el entorno de trabajo donde se encuentre el empleado, por otro lado, los ajustes en los horarios y tener en cuenta la necesidad del trabajador con discapacidad
Insomnia and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Veena Aggarwal
Published: July 2023

Insomnia and Risk of Stroke
Perbandingan Status Ekonomi dan Status Pendidikan Orangtua terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus pada Balita Usia 24 Bulan
Authors: Halimatusyadiah Leni , Lustiani Ika , Marbun Henny Theresia
Published: July 2023

Delay in early childhood development is high in all countries, this condition is more common than other chronic conditions that cause major morbidity throughout life. This incident is evidenced by the incidence of child development delay problems in the world in 2015 around 12-16%, in Asia 50% and in Africa as much as 30%. The purpose of this study was to compare the economic status and educational status of parents on fine motor development in toddlers aged 24 months at Cipocok Jaya Health Center, Serang Banten, in 2022. This research method used an analytic survey with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study were toddlers aged 24 months as many as 42 respondents, the sampling technique was accidental sampling. Data analysis using chi square. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between education (0.002 <0.05), economic status (P-value <0.010) and fine motor development in toddlers aged 24 months (p-value <?). So it is hoped that this research will be able to provide education and information on fine motor development in toddlers.

 

Keterlambatan perkembangan anak usia dini tinggi di semua negara, kondisi ini lebih sering terjadi dibandingkan kondisi kronis lainnya yang menyebabkan morbiditas utama sepanjang umur. Kejadian ini dibuktikan angka kejadian masalah keterlambatan perkembangan anak di Dunia pada tahun 2015 sekitar 12-16 %, di Asia 50% dan di Afrika sebanyak 30%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan Status Ekonomi Dan Status Pendidikan Orangtua Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus Pada Balita Usia 24 Bulan di Puskesmas Cipocok Jaya Kota Serang Banten Tahun 2022. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah balita usia 24 bulan sebanyak 42 responden, teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara Pendidikan (0,002 < 0,05), Status ekonomi (P-Value < 0,010) dengan Perkembangan Motoric Halus Pada Balita Usia 24 Bulan dengan (Pvalue < ?). Sehingga diharapkan penelitian ini mampu memberikan edukasi dan informasi Perkembangan Motoric Halus Pada Balita.
Motivations and outcomes of environmental corporate sustainability in family and non‐family Mexican firms: The mediating role of eco‐innovation strategy
Authors: Flores‐Rivera Cinthya , Serrano‐Bedia Ana M. , García‐Piqueres Gema
Published: July 2023

This study examines how different motivations impact environmental corporate sustainability outcomes in terms of eco‐innovation product and process adoption, and the mediating role of eco‐innovation strategy on these relationships. The empirical study uses a sample of 271 Mexican manufacturing and services firms of all sizes, 149 of which are family firms (FFs), and applies Baron and Kenny's procedure with hierarchical regression and sensitivity analysis to test mediation. The results show that eco‐innovation strategy plays a critical mediating role in transforming eco‐innovation motivations to environmental sustainability outcomes and provides evidence of differences in the environmental sustainability behaviour of family and non‐family firms. While FFs seem to be driven mainly by internal motivations, which lead them to adopt a more proactive eco‐innovation strategy that positively influences their environmental sustainability outcomes, for non‐family firms the external pressures are the main drivers of environmental outcomes, both directly and indirectly, through the firm's eco‐innovation strategy. In light of these findings, it seems clear that the academic debate on the differences between family and non‐family firms in driving eco‐innovation strategies and outcomes remains open; thus, more research is needed to complete the picture of the eco‐innovation management domain.
Plug‐and‐Play Adaptive Approach to Integrating Model‐Based Systems Engineering Concepts into Academic Curriculum
Authors: Marcos Leonardo Pollettini , Li Tiantian , Huang Wanju , Douglas Kerrie A , Fentiman Audeen , DeLaurentis Daniel A , Kenley Charles Robert
Published: July 2023

Model‐based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is coveted for improving productivity and product quality. However, adoption is slow because the workforce lacks training. Therefore, a group of MBSE experts at an R‐1 university developed a series of MBSE online learning modules that can be integrated into existing courses. Rather than adding courses to engineering programs, this project presents a “plug‐and‐play” adaptive approach to implementing new topics into existing courses. Faculty can select elements from the modules that best fit their courses and their students' learning needs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the approach and content, parts of the first MBSE module were incorporated in a graduate level engineering course. Surveys and descriptive analysis revealed students' learning experiences and feedback (n= 81). The research findings suggest students had positive experiences with the content and their interest in MBSE increased. Further module design improvement is included and discussed in the paper.
Inhaled iloprost is an effective alternative therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns
Authors: Yıldırım Şükran
Published: July 2023

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is one of the diseases of the neonate with severe potential morbidity and mortality. Inhaled iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog, has been suggested as an alternative treatment for inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). However, more data on neonates' dosing, setting, and effectiveness still needs to be solved. This study suggests using inhaled iloprost as rescue therapy for PPHN based on our experience. This was a retrospective study. The data from medical records of six newborns diagnosed with PPHN and had received inhaled iloprost from December 2019 to April 2022 were collected. Demographic and clinical features, dosing regimen, changes in oxygenation index, echocardiographic findings, and mortality were evaluated. The inhalation dose was 2−4 mcg/dose, and 3−48 inhalations per day were applied over 2−7 days. Inhaled iloprost was effective in all patients. No side effects were attributable to inhaled iloprost, and no mortality was recorded. Our experience suggests that inhaled iloprost can be used as a first‐line therapy in newborn infants with PPHN when iNO is unavailable. However, there are large fluctuations in the oxygenation index due to the setting.
The Jacobson property in rings and Banach algebras
Authors: Swartz A.
Published: July 2023

In a Banach algebra A it is well known that the usual spectrum has the following property: $$\begin{aligned} \sigma (ab) \setminus \{0\} = \sigma (ba) \setminus \{0\} \end{aligned}$$

σ
(
a
b
)
\
{
0
}
=
σ
(
b
a
)
\
{
0
}

for elements $$a, b \in A$$

a
,
b
∈
A

. In this note we are interested in subsets of A that have the Jacobson Property, i.e. $$X \subset A$$

X
⊂
A

such that for $$a, b \in A$$

a
,
b
∈
A

: $$\begin{aligned} 1 - ab \in X \implies 1 - ba \in X. \end{aligned}$$

1
-
a
b
∈
X
⇒
1
-
b
a
∈
X
.

We are interested in sets with this property in the more general setting of a ring. We also look at the consequences of ideals having this property. We show that there are rings for which the Jacobson radical has this property.
Development of an Affordable ELISA Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Its Application to Samples from the Ongoing COVID-19 Epidemic in Ghana
Authors: Tapela Kesego , Opurum Precious C. , Nuokpem Franklin Y. , Tetteh Becky , Siaw Godfred K. , Humbert Maria V. , Tawiah-Eshun Sylvia , Barakisu Anna Ibrahim , Asiedu Kwame , Arhin Samuel Kojo , Manu Aaron A. , Appiedu-Addo Sekyibea N. A. , Obbeng Louisa , Quansah Darius , Languon Sylvester , Anyigba Claudia , Dosoo Daniel , Edu Nelson K. O. , Oduro-Mensah Daniel , Ampofo William , Tagoe Emmanuel , Quaye Osbourne , Donkor Irene Owusu , Akorli Jewelna , Aniweh Yaw , Christodoulides Myron , Mutungi Joe , Bediako Yaw , Rayner Julian C , Awandare Gordon A , McCormick Christopher J. , Quashie Peter Kojo
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The true nature of the population spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in populations is often not fully known as most cases, particularly in Africa, are asymptomatic. Finding the true magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 spread is crucial to provide actionable data about the epidemiological progress of the disease for researchers and policymakers. This study developed and optimized an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant nucleocapsid antigen expressed in-house using a simple bacterial expression system.

Methods

Nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2 was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Plasma samples used for the assay development were obtained from Ghanaian SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals during the pandemic, while seronegative controls were plasma samples collected from blood donors before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Another set of seronegative controls was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibody detection and levels within the samples were validated using commercial kits and Luminex. Analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism, and the sensitivity, specificity and background cut-off were calculated.

Results and Discussion

This low-cost ELISA (£0.96/test) assay has a high prediction of 98.9%, and sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 99%, respectively. The assay was subsequently used to screen plasma from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive Ghanaians. The assay showed no significant difference in nucleocapsid antibody levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic, with an increase of the levels over time. This is in line with our previous publication.

Conclusion

This study developed a low-cost and transferable assay that enables highly sensitive and specific detection of human anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. This assay can be modified to include additional antigens and used for continuous monitoring of sero-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa.
Illness Management and Recovery (IMR): Implementation in an Italian Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions
Authors: Ferrara Maria , Salmaso Nicolò , Basaldella Marta , Macis Giulia , Sorio Cristina , Benini Lorenzo , Callegari Vincenzo , Grassi Luigi , Landi Nico , Carozza Paola
Published: July 2023

Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) is a manualized psychosocial intervention developed to guide patients towards their recovery. This study presents the implementation of IMR within the Integrated Department of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions in Ferrara, Italy. IMR was provided from April 2017 to July 2021 by trained professionals, who recruited psychiatric outpatients with different diagnoses, in a stable phase of the illness and motivated to engage in the program. The modules and sessions were tailored according to the specificity of the patients (e.g., diagnoses, age) and the services providing it. The characteristics of the patients and the services who adopted IMR were extracted from electronic health records, and by a summary form filled out by providers. The IMR scale (IMRS) was completed at the end of the intervention. A total of 126 patients completed the IMR intervention: they were mainly men (61.1%), with a mean age of 40.1 (12.9) years old, significantly heterogeneous for psychiatric diagnosis and duration of illness (p < .001). IMR was provided mainly in a group format (82.5%) at the community mental health (54.8%) and addiction (41.2%) services. A wide variability was observed in terms of number [1–10/person] and type of module administered, average duration of the intervention/user (9.6, [2–38 months]) and number of sessions/user (21.4 [1–70]). IMRS showed a high correlation between patient and provider (Pearson, p = .001). This study showed the feasibility of the implementation of the IMR intervention within an entire department, with a great variability in terms of patients’ clinical characteristics, number, and type of IMR module received. Future research should include a standardized measurement of outcomes to tailor the intervention.
Optimization of desert lake information extraction from remote sensing images using cellular automata
Authors: Chen Qiuji , Cao Yanan
Published: July 2023

Desert lakes are important wetland resources in the blown-sand area of western China and play a significant role in maintaining the regional ecological environment. However, large-scale coal mining in recent years has considerably impacted the deposition condition of several lakes. Rapid and accurate extraction of lake information based on satellite images is crucial for developing protective measures against desertification. However, the spatial resolution of these images often leads to mixed pixels near water boundaries, affecting extraction precision. Traditional pixel unmixing methods mainly obtain water coverage information in a mixed pixel, making it difficult to accurately describe the spatial distribution. In this paper, the cellular automata (CA) model was adopted in order to realize lake information extraction at a sub-pixel level. A mining area in Shenmu City, Shaanxi Province, China is selected as the research region, using the image of Sentinel-2 as the data source and the high spatial resolution UAV image as the reference. First, water coverage of mixed pixels in the Sentinel-2 image was calculated with the dimidiate pixel model and the fully constrained least squares (FCLS) method. Second, the mixed pixels were subdivided to form the cellular space at a sub-pixel level and the transition rules are constructed based on the water coverage information and spatial correlation. Lastly, the process was implemented using Python and IDL, with the ArcGIS and ENVI software being used for validation. The experiments show that the CA model can improve the sub-pixel positioning accuracy for lake bodies in mixed pixel image and improve classification accuracy. The FCLS-CA model has a higher accuracy and is able to identify most water bodies in the study area, and is therefore suitable for desert lake monitoring in mining areas.
Dual-process moral judgment beyond fast and slow
Authors: Greene Joshua D.
Published: July 2023

De Neys makes a compelling case that the sacrificial moral dilemmas do not elicit competing “fast and slow” processes. But are there even two processes? Or just two intuitions? There remains strong evidence, most notably from lesion studies, that sacrificial dilemmas engage distinct cognitive processes generating conflicting emotional and rational responses. The dual-process theory gets much right, but needs revision.
Further advancing fast-and-slow theorizing
Authors: De Neys Wim
Published: July 2023

The 34 commentaries on the target article span a broad range of interesting issues. I have organized my reply around five major themes that seemed to emerge: Remarks about the generalizability of the empirical findings, links with other models, necessary extensions, the utility of dual-process models, and more specific points. This allows me to clarify possible misconceptions and identify avenues for further advancement.
Assessment of the E3C corpus for the recognition of disorders in clinical texts
Authors: Zanoli Roberto , Lavelli Alberto , Verdi do Amarante Daniel , Toti Daniele
Published: July 2023

Disorder named entity recognition (DNER) is a fundamental task of biomedical natural language processing, which has attracted plenty of attention. This task consists in extracting named entities of disorders such as diseases, symptoms, and pathological functions from unstructured text. The European Clinical Case Corpus (E3C) is a freely available multilingual corpus (English, French, Italian, Spanish, and Basque) of semantically annotated clinical case texts. The entities of type disorder in the clinical cases are annotated at both mention and concept level. At mention -level, the annotation identifies the entity text spans, for example, abdominal pain. At concept level, the entity text spans are associated with their concept identifiers in Unified Medical Language System, for example, C0000737. This corpus can be exploited as a benchmark for training and assessing information extraction systems. Within the context of the present work, multiple experiments have been conducted in order to test the appropriateness of the mention-level annotation of the E3C corpus for training DNER models. In these experiments, traditional machine learning models like conditional random fields and more recent multilingual pre-trained models based on deep learning were compared with standard baselines. With regard to the multilingual pre-trained models, they were fine-tuned (i) on each language of the corpus to test per-language performance, (ii) on all languages to test multilingual learning, and (iii) on all languages except the target language to test cross-lingual transfer learning. Results show the appropriateness of the E3C corpus for training a system capable of mining disorder entities from clinical case texts. Researchers can use these results as the baselines for this corpus to compare their own models. The implemented models have been made available through the European Language Grid platform for quick and easy access.
Remedying the environmental impacts of war: Challenges and perspectives for full reparation
Authors: Kong Lingjie , Zhao Yuqing
Published: July 2023

While the law of State responsibility, particularly the principle of full reparation, provides general guidance for achieving full reparation, it is not quite obvious what kinds of reparation qualify as “full” and how to actualize full reparation. This article centres on the principles, approaches and methods surrounding full reparation for armed conflict-related environmental damage in the law of State responsibility. It examines how the environment is legally defined as an object of protection under international law, and discusses practical challenges in international compensation for wartime environmental damage. In doing so, it ascertains the underlying objective of full reparation, develops an approach to assessing wartime environmental damage, and draws on experiences of international jurisprudence to quantify compensation for wartime environmental damage.
Navigating an Uncertain Future
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Henseke Golo
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Young people navigate an increasingly uncertain and precarious employment market. They have to mobilise and use psychosocial resources necessary to adapt to a changing career landscape and employment opportunities. Guided by career development theories, this study asks if school-based career preparation activities can support the development of career adaptability and career-related cognitions of young people in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research draws on a nationally representative sample of 16–25 year-olds who participated in the Youth Economic Activity and Health (YEAH) online survey conducted in the UK between May 2021 and May 2022 ( n = 4040). The findings highlight the malleability of career adaptability and the importance of school-based career preparation activities in supporting adaptive career-related cognitions as well as life satisfaction among young people in times of economic uncertainty and upheaval.
Lysine butyrylation of HSP90 regulated by KAT8 and HDAC11 confers chemoresistance
Authors: He Yan , Zheng Can-Can , Yang Jing , Li Shu-Jun , Xu Tao-Yang , Wei Xian , Chen Wen-You , Jiang Zhi-Li , Xu Jiao-Jiao , Zhang Guo-Geng , Cheng Chao , Chen Kui-Sheng , Shi Xing-Yuan , Qin Da-Jiang , Liu Jin-Bao , Li Bin
Published: July 2023

Posttranslational modification dramatically enhances protein complexity, but the function and precise mechanism of novel lysine acylation modifications remain unknown. Chemoresistance remains a daunting challenge to successful treatment. We found that lysine butyrylation (Kbu) is specifically upregulated in chemoresistant tumor cells and tissues. By integrating butyrylome profiling and gain/loss-of-function experiments, lysine 754 in HSP90 (HSP90 K754) was identified as a substrate for Kbu. Kbu modification leads to overexpression of HSP90 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its further increase in relapse samples. Upregulation of HSP90 contributes to 5-FU resistance and can predict poor prognosis in cancer patients. Mechanistically, HSP90 K754 is regulated by the cooperation of KAT8 and HDAC11 as the writer and eraser, respectively; SDCBP increases the Kbu level and stability of HSP90 by binding competitively to HDAC11. Furthermore, SDCBP blockade with the lead compound V020-9974 can target HSP90 K754 to overcome 5-FU resistance, constituting a potential therapeutic strategy.
Inceptor as a regulator of brain insulin sensitivity
Authors: Post Lisa A. , Kulas Joshua A. , Milstein Joshua L. , Sebastian Sarah V. L. , Hosseini-Barkooie Seyyedmohsen , Stevenson Max E. , Bloom George S. , Ferris Heather A.
Published: July 2023

While historically viewed as an insulin insensitive organ, it is now accepted that insulin has a role in brain physiology. Changes in brain insulin and IGF1 signaling have been associated with neurological diseases, however the molecular factors regulating brain insulin sensitivity remain uncertain. In this study, we proposed that a recently described protein, termed Inceptor, may play a role in brain insulin and IGF1 resistance. We studied Inceptor in healthy and diseased nervous tissue to understand the distribution of the protein and examine how it may change in states of insulin resistance. We found that Inceptor is in fact present in cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex of the brain in neurons, with higher levels in cortex of female compared to male mice. We also confirmed that Inceptor colocalized with IR and IGF1R in brain. We saw little difference in insulin receptor signaling following Inceptor knockdown in neuron cultures, or in Inceptor levels with high-fat diet in mouse or Alzheimer’s disease in mouse or human tissue. These results all provide significant advancements to our understanding of Inceptor in the brain.

Protocol registration

The Stage 1 registered report manuscript was accepted-in-principle on 9 August 2022. This manuscript was registered through Open Science Forum (OSF) on 24 August 2022 and is available here: https://osf.io/9q8sw.
Robust critical limb ischemia porcine model involving skeletal muscle necrosis
Authors: El Masry Mohamed S. , Gnyawali Surya C. , Sen Chandan K.
Published: July 2023

This work sought to develop a robust and clinically relevant swine model of critical limb ischemia (CLI) involving the onset of ischemic muscle necrosis. CLI carries about 25–40% risk of major amputation with 20% annual mortality. Currently, there is no specific treatment that targets the ischemic myopathy characteristic of CLI. Current swine models of CLI, with tolerable side-effects, fail to achieve sustained ischemia followed by a necrotic myopathic endpoint. Such limitation in experimental model hinders development of effective interventions. CLI was induced unilaterally by ligation-excision of one inch of the common femoral artery (CFA) via infra-inguinal minimal incision in female Yorkshire pigs (n = 5). X-ray arteriography was done pre- and post-CFA transection to validate successful induction of severe ischemia. Weekly assessment of the sequalae of ischemia on limb perfusion, and degree of ischemic myopathy was conducted for 1 month using X-ray arteriography, laser speckle imaging, CTA angiography, femoral artery duplex, high resolution ultrasound and histopathological analysis. The non-invasive tissue analysis of the elastography images showed specific and characteristic pattern of increased muscle stiffness indicative of the fibrotic and necrotic outcome expected with associated total muscle ischemia. The prominent onset of skeletal muscle necrosis was evident upon direct inspection of the affected tissues. Ischemic myopathic changes associated with inflammatory infiltrates and deficient blood vessels were objectively validated. A translational model of severe hindlimb ischemia causing ischemic myopathy was successfully established adopting an approach that enables long-term survival studies in compliance with regulatory requirements pertaining to animal welfare.
MarketTrust: blockchain-based trust evaluation model for SIoT-based smart marketplaces
Authors: Latif Rabia , Yakubu Bello Musa , Saba Tanzila
Published: July 2023

Due to the significance of trust in Social Internet of Things (SIoT)-based smart marketplaces, several research have focused on trust-related challenges. Trust is necessary for a smooth connection, secure systems, and dependable services during trade operations. Recent SIoT-based trust assessment approaches attempt to solve smart marketplace trust evaluation difficulties by using a variety of direct and indirect trust evaluation techniques and other local trust rating procedures. Nevertheless, these methodologies render trust assessment very sensitive to seller dishonesty, and a dishonest seller may influence local trust scores and at the same time pose a significant trust related threats in the system. In this article, a MarketTrust model is introduced, which is a blockchain-based method for assessing trust in an IoT-based smart marketplace. It has three parts: familiarity, personal interactions, and public perception. A conceptual model, assessment technique, and a global trust evaluation system for merging the three components of a trust value are presented and discussed. Several experiments were conducted to assess the model's security, viability, and efficacy. According to results, the MarketTrust model scored a 21.99% higher trust score and a 47.698% lower average latency than both benchmark models. Therefore, this illustrates that using the proposed framework, a potential buyer can efficiently choose a competent and trustworthy resource seller in a smart marketplace and significantly reduce malicious behavior.
Saccadic eye movement speed is related to variations in phantom array effect visibility
Authors: Kang Hyeran , Lee Chan-Su , Kim Jun-Gi , Pak Hyensou
Published: July 2023

The phantom array effect is one of the temporal light artefacts that can decrease performance and increase fatigue. The phantom array effect visibility shows large individual differences; however, the dominant factors that can explain these individual differences remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between saccadic eye movement speed and phantom array visibility at two different angles and four different directions of saccadic eye movement. The peak speed of saccadic eye movement and the phantom array effect visibility were measured at different modulation frequencies of the light source. Our results show that phantom array visibility increased as eye movement speed increased; the phantom array visibility was higher at a wide viewing angle with fast eye movement speed than at a narrow viewing angle. Moreover, when clustered into subgroups according to individual eye movement speed, the mean speed of the saccadic eye movement of each subgroup is related to the variations in the visibility of the phantom array effect of the subgroup. Therefore, saccadic eye movement speed is related to variations in phantom array effect visibility.
Calretinin-expressing islet cells are a source of pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of non-peptidergic nociceptor input to the mouse spinal cord
Authors: Davis Olivia C. , Dickie Allen C. , Mustapa Marami B. , Boyle Kieran A. , Browne Tyler J. , Gradwell Mark A. , Smith Kelly M. , Polgár Erika , Bell Andrew M. , Kókai Éva , Watanabe Masahiko , Wildner Hendrik , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Ginty David D. , Callister Robert J. , Graham Brett A. , Todd Andrew J. , Hughes David I.
Published: July 2023

Unmyelinated non-peptidergic nociceptors (NP afferents) arborise in lamina II of the spinal cord and receive GABAergic axoaxonic synapses, which mediate presynaptic inhibition. However, until now the source of this axoaxonic synaptic input was not known. Here we provide evidence that it originates from a population of inhibitory calretinin-expressing interneurons (iCRs), which correspond to lamina II islet cells. The NP afferents can be assigned to 3 functionally distinct classes (NP1–3). NP1 afferents have been implicated in pathological pain states, while NP2 and NP3 afferents also function as pruritoceptors. Our findings suggest that all 3 of these afferent types innervate iCRs and receive axoaxonic synapses from them, providing feedback inhibition of NP input. The iCRs also form axodendritic synapses, and their targets include cells that are themselves innervated by the NP afferents, thus allowing for feedforward inhibition. The iCRs are therefore ideally placed to control the input from non-peptidergic nociceptors and pruritoceptors to other dorsal horn neurons, and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain and itch.
Investigating the relationship between periodontitis and specific memory processes in the search for cognitive markers of Alzheimer’s disease risk
Authors: Wereszczyński Michał , Śmigiel Aleksandra , Tomaszewska Iwona , Niedźwieńska Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

The spontaneous retrieval deficit (SRD) hypothesis argues that individuals in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are particularly impaired in spontaneous retrieval, which manifests in reduced mind-wandering. Our main purpose was to provide novel evidence to support the SRD hypothesis by investigating, for the first time, the relationship between mind-wandering and periodontitis, the latter being the risk factor for AD. The second objective was to address the lack of deeper understanding of the relationship between oral health and specific cognitive abilities by investigating whether periodontitis would be primarily associated with memory. Sixty community-dwelling dementia-free older adults completed neuropsychological tests that focused on various cognitive abilities and a computerised task, during which mind-wandering was evaluated. Periodontal health was assessed subjectively, and through an oral examination by a qualified dentist that focused on visible periodontitis-related changes in gingival tissues and the number of periodontitis bacteria. In line with our predictions, objective and subjective symptoms of poorer periodontal health were associated with less mind-wandering, providing further support for the SRD hypothesis. Again in line with predictions, poorer periodontal health was associated with worse episodic memory, with no relationship between periodontitis and the measure targeting various cognitive abilities, from which memory was excluded.
Formation of self-nitrogen-doping activated carbon from Fish/sawdust/ZnCl2 by hydrothermal and pyrolysis for toxic chromium adsorption from wastewater
Authors: El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ashour Ibrahim
Published: July 2023

This study gives a description of the formation of self-nitrogen doped activated carbon (NDAC) by a novel way of employing fish meal (mixture of Atherina hepseetus and Sardina pilchardus of 60% protein) as nitrogen dopant, ZnCl2 as impregnate agent, sawdust as carbon source and water with a mass ratio (2:1:1:12), which subjected to the hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal mixture was oven dried and carbonized under a flow of nitrogen for one h at 600, 700, and 800 °C. The characterization of NDAC was performed by using various analytical techniques analyses. The synthesized NDAC exhibited unique features such as microporous structure (1.84 ~ 2.01 nm), high surface area (437.51 ~ 680.86 m2/g), the volume of total pores (0.22 ~ 0.32 cm3/g) and nitrogen content (12.82 ~ 13.73%). Batch removal tests were achieved to investigate the impact of chromium ions starting concentration (100–400 mg/L), NDAC dose (0.5–2.5 g/L), pH and contact time (5–120 min). Such helpful characteristics of NDAC, particularly for NDAC600, were suitable to use as an excellent adsorbent for Cr6+ ions with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) (769.23 mg/g), and the highest chromium ions adsorption uptake (81.18%) was obtained at pH value 1.5 at room temperature. Both Halsey and Temkin models fitted the adsorption data quite reasonably. The uptake of toxic chromium ions is best represented with pseudo-second-order rate kinetics data.
Medium-chain fatty acids modify macrophage expression of metabolic and inflammatory genes in a PPAR β/δ-dependent manner
Authors: Gaete Paula V. , Nieves-Barreto Luz D. , Guatibonza-García Valentina , Losada-Barragán Mónica , Vargas-Sánchez Karina , Mendivil Carlos O.
Published: July 2023

There is great interest on medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) for cardiovascular health. We explored the effects of MCFA on the expression of lipid metabolism and inflammatory genes in macrophages, and the extent to which they were mediated by the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPAR β/δ). J774A.1 murine macrophages were exposed to octanoate or decanoate as MCFA, a long-chain fatty acid control (palmitate), or the PPAR β/δ agonist GW501516, with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and with or without an siRNA-induced knockdown of PPAR β/δ. MCFA increased the expression of Plin2, encoding a lipid-droplet associated protein with anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages, in a partially PPAR β/δ-dependent manner. Both MCFA stimulated expression of the cholesterol efflux pump ABCA1, more pronouncedly under LPS stimulation and in the absence of PPAR β/δ. Octanoate stimulated the expression of Pltp, encoding a phospholipid transfer protein that aids ABCA1 in cellular lipid efflux. Only palmitate increased expression of the proinflammatory genes Il6, Tnf, Nos2 and Mmp9. Non-stimulated macrophages exposed to MCFA showed less internalization of fluorescently labeled lipoproteins. MCFA influenced the transcriptional responses of macrophages favoring cholesterol efflux and a less inflammatory response compared to palmitate. These effects were partially mediated by PPAR β/δ.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) are significant promotors of UVB- but not chemically induced non-melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Huth Sebastian , Huth Laura , Heise Ruth , Marquardt Yvonne , Lopopolo Linda , Piecychna Marta , Boor Peter , Fingerle-Rowson Günter , Kapurniotu Aphrodite , Yazdi Amir S. , Bucala Richard , Bernhagen Jürgen , Baron Jens Malte
Published: July 2023

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer in Caucasians worldwide. We investigated the pathophysiological role of MIF and its homolog D-DT in UVB- and chemically induced NMSC using Mif−/−, D-dt−/− and Mif−/−/D-dt−/− mice on a hairless SKH1 background. Knockout of both cytokines showed similar attenuating effects on inflammation after acute UVB irradiation and tumor formation during chronic UVB irradiation, without additive protective effects noted in double knockout mice, indicating that both cytokines activate a similar signaling threshold. In contrast, genetic deletion of Mif and D-dt had no major effects on chemically induced skin tumors. To get insight into the contributing mechanisms, we used an in vitro 3D skin model with incorporated macrophages. Application of recombinant MIF and D-DT led to an accumulation of macrophages within the epidermal part that could be reversed by selective inhibitors of MIF and D-DT pathways. In summary, our data indicate that MIF and D-DT contribute to the development and progression of UVB- but not chemically induced NMSC, a role at least partially accounted by effects of both cytokines on epidermal macrophage accumulation. These data highlight that MIF and D-DT are both potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of photocarcinogenesis but not chemical carcinogenesis.
Identification of circulating monocytes as producers of tuberculosis disease biomarker C1q
Authors: Niewold Paula , Dijkstra Douwe J. , Cai Yi , Goletti Delia , Palmieri Fabrizio , van Meijgaarden Krista E. , Verreck Frank A. W. , Akkerman Onno W. , Hofland Regina W. , Delemarre Eveline M. , Nierkens Stefan , Verheul Marije K. , Pollard Andrew J. , van Dissel Jaap T. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Trouw Leendert A. , Joosten Simone A.
Published: July 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent disease causing an estimated 1.6 million deaths and 10.6 million new cases annually. Discriminating TB disease from differential diagnoses can be complex, particularly in the field. Increased levels of complement component C1q in serum have been identified as a specific and accessible biomarker for TB disease but the source of C1q in circulation has not been identified. Here, data and samples previously collected from human cohorts, a clinical trial and a non-human primate study were used to identify cells producing C1q in circulation. Cell subset frequencies were correlated with serum C1q levels and combined with single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analyses. This identified monocytes as C1q producers in circulation, with a pronounced expression of C1q in classical and intermediate monocytes and variable expression in non-classical monocytes.
Improved catalytic performance by changing surface and textural properties of Ru supported bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas in aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Pourshiani Omid , Karimi Babak , Moradi Hesamodin , Thiel Werner R. , Vali Hojatollah , Mastrorilli Pietro , Todisco Stefano
Published: July 2023

The catalytic activity of several supported catalysts composed of perruthenate anions incorporated into the mesochannels of a series of plugged and unplugged bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas (Ru@BFPMOs) in the oxidation of alcohols were investigated.
Metallic functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles enhances the selective removal of glyphosate, AMPA, and glufosinate from surface water
Authors: Dogra Raghav , Roverso Marco , Di Bernardo Giuseppe , Zanut Alessandra , Monikh Fazel A. , Pettenuzzo Silvia , Pastore Paolo , Bogialli Sara
Published: July 2023

Functionalizing nanomaterials with polydopamine and different metals allows selective adsorption of target compounds, like emerging contaminants. Obtained materials are stable, efficient, and faster than bare or other nanoparticles.
Remarkable sol–gel transition of PNIPAm-based nanogels via large steric hindrance of side-chains
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Li Xueting , Xia Tingting , Chen Wei , Shea Kenneth J. , Lu Xihua
Published: July 2023

In this work, for the first time, the large steric hindrance-induced sol–gel transition of PNIPAm-based nanogels is proposed to substantially advance the fundamental understanding of a thermosensitive nanogel system.
Cobalt-doped δ-MnO2/CNT composites as cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Liu ShuLing , Wang Jie , Zhou ZiXiang , Li Ying , Zhang Wei , Wang Chao
Published: July 2023

Doping and compositing with conductive frameworks are adopted to increase the capacity and stability of δ-MnO2 used as electrode material for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs).
The role of electrostatic potential in the translocation of triangulene across membranes
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Li Youyun , Li Qianyan , Yu Jinhui , Bai Han
Published: July 2023

The electrostatic potential can affect the angle and spatial distribution in the translocation of triangulene across membranes.
A double rare earth doped CD nanoplatform for nanocatalytic/starving-like synergistic therapy with GSH-depletion and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation
Authors: Cui Shufeng , Wang Bin , Zhai Changyu , Wei Shanshan , Zhang Hongyuan , Sun Guoying
Published: July 2023

Ce–Gd@CDs–GOx can promote generation of ˙OH and oxidation of glucose, achieving nanocatalytic anticancer activities and starving-like synergistic therapy. Ce ions can decompose H2O2 to relieve hypoxia and deplete GSH, for precise treatment using T1-weighted MR imaging.
Natural bioproducts’ hybridization creates transient dynamic electret nanogenerators
Authors: Lu Liang , Wang Chuanfeng , Liu Zhu , Lai Yu , Li Wei , Shao Dingyun , Lu Jun , Yang Weiqing
Published: July 2023

This study reports a novel transient dynamic piezoelectretviaelectrospinning based on two natural products.
Thermal conductivity of sliding bilayer h-BN and its manipulation with strain and layer confinement
Authors: Zhao Yi-Ming , Zhang Chun , Shin Sunmi , Shen Lei
Published: July 2023

The AC′ structure with B–B stacking exhibits a lower κ value due to the softer optical phonon modes. The strain further decreases κ by modulating the anharmonic phonon scattering.
Versatile chewed gum composites with liquid metal for strain sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding and flexible electronics
Authors: Yu Hongwei , Yu Lei , Qi Xiulei , Cui Jing , Wu Ke , Liu Yide , Chen Long , Li Xiankai
Published: July 2023

Versatile chewed gum composites with liquid metal were constructed by the stretch-knead-roller coating method for the high-value utilization of discarded gum waste.
Development of a multiple convolutional neural network–facilitated diagnostic screening program for immunofluorescence images of IgA nephropathy and idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Xia Peng , Lv Zhilong , Wen Yubing , Zhang Baichuan , Zhao Xuesong , Zhang Boyao , Wang Ying , Cui Haoyuan , Wang Chuanpeng , Zheng Hua , Qin Yan , Sun Lijun , Ye Nan , Cheng Hong , Yao Li , Zhou Hua , Zhen Junhui , Hu Zhao , Zhu Weiguo , Zhang Fa , Li Xuemei , Ren Fei , Chen Limeng
Published: July 2023

Background

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) are the most common glomerular diseases. Immunofluorescence (IF) tests of renal tissues are crucial for the diagnosis. We developed a multiple convolutional neural network (CNN)-facilitated diagnostic program to assist the IF diagnosis of IgAN and IMN.

Methods

The diagnostic program consisted of four parts: a CNN trained as a glomeruli detection module, an IF intensity comparator, dual-CNN (D-CNN) trained as a deposition appearance and location classifier and a post-processing module. A total of 1573 glomerular IF images from 1009 patients with glomerular diseases were used for the training and validation of the diagnostic program. A total of 1610 images of 426 patients from different hospitals were used as test datasets. The performance of the diagnostic program was compared with nephropathologists.

Results

In >90% of the tested images, the glomerulus location module achieved an intersection over union >0.8. The accuracy of the D-CNN in recognizing irregular granular mesangial deposition and fine granular deposition along the glomerular basement membrane was 96.1% and 93.3%, respectively. As for the diagnostic program, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing suspected IgAN were 97.6%, 94.4% and 96.0%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing suspected IMN were 91.7%, 88.9% and 95.8%, respectively. The corresponding areas under the curve (AUCs) were 0.983 and 0.935. When tested with images from the outside hospital, the diagnostic program showed stable performance. The AUCs for diagnosing suspected IgAN and IMN were 0.972 and 0.948, respectively. Compared with inexperienced nephropathologists, the program showed better performance.

Conclusion

The proposed diagnostic program could assist the IF diagnosis of IgAN and IMN.
Current clinical use of speckle-tracking strain imaging: insights from a worldwide survey from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)
Authors: Sade Leyla Elif , Joshi Shruti S , Cameli Matteo , Cosyns Bernard , Delgado Victoria , Donal Erwan , Edvardsen Thor , Carvalho Ricardo Fontes , Manka Robert , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Popescu Bogdan A , Hanzevacki Jadranka Separovic , Sitges Marta , Dweck Marc R
Published: July 2023

Aims

Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) strain imaging has been a major advancement in myocardial function quantification. We aimed to explore current worldwide clinical application of STE.

Methods and results

Access, feasibility, access, and clinical implementation of STE were investigated with a worldwide open-access online survey of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Participants (429 respondents and 77 countries) from tertiary centres (46%), private clinics, or public hospitals (54%) using different vendors for data acquisition and analysis were represented. Despite almost universal access (98%) to STE, only 39% of the participants performed and reported STE results frequently (>50%). Incomplete training and time constraints were the main reasons for not using STE more regularly. STE was mainly used to assess the LV (99%) and less frequently the right ventricular (57%) and the left atrial (46%) function. Cardiotoxicity (88%) and cardiac amyloidosis (87%) were the most frequent reasons for the clinical use of LV STE. Left atrial STE was used most frequently for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction and right ventricular STE for the assessment of right ventricle (RV) function in pulmonary hypertension (51%). Frequency of STE use, adherence to optimal techniques, and clinical appropriateness of STE differed according to training experience and across vendors. Key suggestions outlined by respondents to increase the clinical use of STE included improved reproducibility (48%) and standardization of strain values across vendors (42%).

Conclusion

Although STE is now readily available, it is underutilized in the majority of centres. Structured training, improved reproducibility, and inter-vendor standardization may increase its uptake.