bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the oil price realized volatility: A multivariate heterogeneous autoregressive model
Authors: Tang Yusui , Ma Feng , Zhang Yaojie , Wei Yu
Published: December 2020

In this study, we investigate the impacts of common information between oil futures and the United States stock markets on forecasting oil volatility using the multivariate heterogeneous autoregressive realized volatility model. We have several noteworthy findings. First, the in‐sample estimation results show that the negative returns and the ‘bad’ jumps have larger influence on oil futures volatility than positive returns and ‘good’ jumps, respectively. Second, the out‐of‐sample results further indicate that our multivariate heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model can generate higher forecast accuracy than individual HAR model for the realized volatility‐type models, which highlights the importance of incorporating volatility information from the stock Market. Third, our findings are robust across the direction‐of‐change test and different windows. Furthermore, from the perspective of the investors' allocation portfolio in the future, the use of common information can also bring greater gains.
Postpartum depression and its risk factors in women with a potentially life‐threatening complication
Authors: Nayak Deepthi , Karuppusamy Dhamotharan , Maurya Dilip Kumar , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Bharadwaj Balaji , Keepanasseril Anish
Published: December 2020

Objective

To assess the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) and its risk factors in women with potentially life‐threatening complications.

Methods

Eight hundred and ninety women admitted to a tertiary center in South India with potentially life‐threatening complications were recruited for the study. Within seven days of delivery, women underwent mental health assessments using the EPDS and PHQ‐9 scale. Counseling was provided and follow‐up assessment carried out at 3 months postpartum. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the association of risk factors to depression.

Results

PPD was observed in 21% of the study cohort. Women with no formal education (OR −2.66, 95% CI: 1.10– 6.40) and those who had a stillbirth (OR 2.48, 95%CI: 1.57–3.93) were found to be associated with PPD after adjusting for other factors. Occurrence of an obstetric near‐miss event did not increase the risk of depression. Most women recovered with postnatal counseling, with only three requiring medication at the end of 3 months.

Conclusion

One in five women who develop potentially life‐threatening complications developed PPD. A strategy of screening focused on this high‐risk group, especially in low resource settings, can lead to early recognition and treatment. This in turn can lead to a reduction in the long‐term morbidity associated with PPD.
Iron accumulation regulates osteoblast apoptosis through lncRNAXIST/miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3 axis leading to osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Hu , Wang Yu‐Wu , Chen Wei‐Dong , Dong Hong‐Hua , Xu You‐Jia
Published: December 2020

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is mainly caused by multiple factors. Recent studies have suggested that iron accumulation (IA) was closely related to PMOP. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms have not been well demonstrated. We constructed the IA mouse model by intraperitoneal injections of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and cell model by culturing with the medium containing FAC. Osteoporosis was confirmed in mouse bone tissues using H&E staining, and the level of serum ferritin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen‐1 N‐terminal peptide (P1NP), and osteocalcin in mice was examined by ELISA. The expressions of XIST and miR‐758‐3p were detected by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK‐8, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. The expression levels of apoptotic‐related proteins were evaluated by western blot. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the molecular interaction. The expressions of ALP, P1NP, and osteocalcin, and the H&E staining of bone tissues in mice were analyzed to confirm the biological function of XIST and miR‐758‐3p in vivo. XIST was up‐regulated while miR‐758‐3p was down‐regulated in IA mouse and cell models. XIST knockdown significantly reduced FAC‐induced osteoblast apoptosis, which was mimicked by transfection with miR‐758‐3p mimics. XIST acted as a sponge of miR‐758‐3p, which targeted caspase 3. IA led to the high expression of XIST and promoted osteoblast apoptosis through miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3. Transfection with shXIST or miR‐758‐3p mimics alleviated IA‐induced mouse osteoporosis. IA regulated osteoblast apoptosis through XIST/miR‐758‐3p/caspase 3 axis, which might provide alternative targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
The Consequences of English Learner as a Category in Teaching, Learning, and Research
Authors: Gunderson Lee
Published: December 2020

The evolution of a pervasive negative view of immigrants and its role in classroom achievement in the United States is described in this paper; beginning in the crowded urban secondary classrooms of the 1800s, to IQ testing in the 1920s that identified many as morons, imbeciles, or idiots, and to an English‐only view that permeates public and political views of teaching and learning. It is argued that categories such as ELL are ill‐advised because they obscure diversity and inform neither instruction nor research because they are unidimensional and misrepresent important underlying diversity. It is argued that evidence‐based strategies should inform teaching and learning, but that evaluating research is the purview of teachers themselves, including conducting classroom‐based action research to test recommended strategies. Concludes with general guidelines to evaluate research.
Solid electrolyte interphase layer formation on mesophase graphite electrodes with different electrolytes studied by small‐angle neutron scattering
Authors: Wu Chun‐Ming , Saravanan Lakshmanan , Chen Hung‐Yuan , Pan Ping‐I , Tsao Cheng‐Si , Chang Chia‐Chin
Published: December 2020

Relative solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film thickness investigation on graphite electrodes after the first charge state in the lithium‐ion battery was successfully demonstrated by the ex‐situ small‐angle neutron scattering technique. Here, for both the mesophase graphite powder (MGP) and the fine‐mesophase graphite powder (FMGP) anodes, with two different particle sizes was analyzed precisely by the Guinier–Porod model. The data revealed a stable, maximum (~tens of nm) bi‐layer SEI film formed on MGP anode in ethylene‐carbonate/dimethyl‐carbonate (EC/DMC) at a capacity of 50 mAh/g and sluggish above 100 mAhg‐1. The SEI formed on FMGP with and without 3 wt% fluoroethylene‐carbonate additive in EC/DMC showed the relative thickness greater than that only in ethylene‐carbonate/diethyl‐carbonate. Lithiation initiated the rapid SEI formation on the graphite surface and achieved a maximum thickness in the cell potential ≤0.2 V, and became thinner when the graphite particle expanded after Li+ intercalation. It was observed that the SEI thickness influenced the electrolytes and additives, which might ultimately impact battery performance. Our preliminary results make evident that small‐angle neutron scattering could be employed to better understand the complex microstructure solid electrolyte interphase formation and its accurate thickness, on a mesophase graphite anode.
A comprehensive expression profile of tRNA‐derived fragments in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Shan Shiting , Wang Yuting , Zhu Chunfu
Published: December 2020

Background

The incidence of thyroid cancer has been on a rise. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of malignant thyroid tumor and accounts for approximately 85% of thyroid cancer cases. Although the genetic background of PTC has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about the role of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in PTC. tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) represent a newly discovered class of sncRNAs that exist in many species and play key roles in various biological processes.

Methods

In this study, we used high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing technology to analyze the expression of tRFs in samples from PTC tissues and normal tissues. We selected four tRFs to perform qPCR to determine the expression levels of these molecules and make bioinformatic predictions.

Results

We identified 53 unique tRFs and transfer RNA halves (tsRNAs). The 10 most upregulated tRFs and tsRNAs were tRF‐39‐I6D3887S1RMH5MI2, tRF‐21‐2E489B3RB, tRF‐18‐JMRPFQDY, tRF‐17‐202L2YF, tRF‐17‐VBY9PYJ, tRF‐18‐YRRHQFD2, tRF‐21‐WE884U1DD, tRF‐41‐EX2Z10I9BZBZOS4YB, tRF‐39‐HPDEXK7S1RNS9MI2, and tRF‐20‐1SS2P46I. The 10 most downregulated tRFs and tsRNAs were tRF‐31‐HQ9M739P8WQ0B, tRF‐43‐5YXENDBP1IUUK7VZV, tRF‐38‐RZYQHQ9M739P8WD8, tRF‐25‐9M739P8WQ0, tRF‐33‐V6Z3M8ZLSSXUD6, tRF‐27‐MY73H3RXPLM, tRF‐26‐DBNIB9I1KQ0, tRF‐38‐Z9HMI8W47W1R7HX, tRF‐40‐Z6V6Z3M8ZLSSXUOL, and tRF‐39‐YQHQ9M739P8WQ0EB. qPCR verification of cell lines and tissue samples yielded results consistent with the sequencing analysis. As tRF‐39 expression showed the maximum difference between PTC cells and normal cells, we chose this tRF to predict targets and perform functional tRF and tsRNA enrichment analysis.

Conclusion

In this study, we provided a comprehensive catalog of tRFs involved in PTC and assessed the abnormal expression of these fragments. Through qPCR verification, tRF‐39‐0VL8K87SIRMM12E2 was found to be the most significantly upregulated tRF. Further tRF and enrichment analysis revealed that tRF‐39 was mostly enriched in the “metabolic pathways.” These preliminary findings can be used as the basis for further research studies based on the functional role of tRFs in patients with PTC.
An environmental scan of pharmacists supporting pre‐doctoral dental education institutions
Authors: Krajewski Michael P. , Lu Chi Hua , Stellrecht Elizabeth , Desai Kalpesh J. , Gambacorta Joseph E.
Published: December 2020

Purpose/objectives

Reports have described pharmacists providing services within academic dental settings. The full scope of these activities and where they exist is unreported. This environmental scan was performed to identify and summarize the levels in which pharmacists provide support to predoctoral dental education programs.

Methods

A survey was circulated in summer 2019 to all CODA accredited dental schools through the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) clinical dean listserv. The IRB approved survey consisted of 23 questions pertaining to the pharmacist's role in predoctoral dental education programs. Institutions were asked whether pharmacists were used and what kinds of services pharmacists provided. Pharmacist roles were classified into standard pharmacy services, clinical pharmacy services, medication inventory, education, and administration/research. Univariate analysis was performed on responses and reported using descriptive statistics.

Results

A response rate of 59.1% from 66 institutions was achieved. Of those responding, 28.21% reported utilizing a pharmacist at their institution. Of the institutions responding positively to utilizing a pharmacist, the most common standard pharmacy services used were patient counseling regarding a disease state (50%), and medication errors/adverse event reporting (60%). Some clinical pharmacy services provided were medication history collection (70%), advising antimicrobial selection (50%), and treatment plan consultation (60%). Pharmacists were also found to be active in education, school administration, and research.

Conclusion

Pharmacists are utilized at just over a quarter of responding CODA accredited predoctoral dental education institutions in the United States. Where deployed, pharmacists provide a wide array of services.
Can bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells change liver volume?: A case report
Authors: Kim Kwangmin , Shin In Sik , Bang Hui‐Jae , An Sanghyun , Ha Gaesung , Kim Hyun Soo , Bae Keum Seok
Published: December 2020

Several studies have described the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). However, in the majority, biochemical tests, clinical features, and pathologic results were used rather than radiologic tests to compare treatment outcomes. A 57‐year‐old male visited a stem cell clinic with a diagnosis of LC attributed to hepatitis B virus. This patient took tenofovir and diuretics at the initial presentation and was administered bone marrow‐derived MSCs twice via hepatic intra‐arterial infusion. Subsequently, the patient's clinical symptoms and biochemical tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, creatinine, alpha‐fetoprotein) improved. Computed tomography findings showed loss of ascites, reduced nodularity, and especially increased liver volume, which suggested that MSCs have meaningful effects on liver volume, as well as improving liver function.
The potential of dietary treatment in patients with glycogen storage disease type IV
Authors: Derks Terry G. J. , Peeks Fabian , de Boer Foekje , Fokkert‐Wilts Marieke , van der Doef Hubert P. J. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Szymańska Edyta , Rokicki Dariusz , Ryan Patrick T. , Weinstein David A.
Published: December 2020

There is paucity of literature on dietary treatment in glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IV and formal guidelines are not available. Traditionally, liver transplantation was considered the only treatment option for GSD IV. In light of the success of dietary treatment for the other hepatic forms of GSD, we have initiated this observational study to assess the outcomes of medical diets, which limit the accumulation of glycogen. Clinical, dietary, laboratory, and imaging data for 15 GSD IV patients from three centres are presented. Medical diets may have the potential to delay or prevent liver transplantation, improve growth and normalize serum aminotransferases. Individual care plans aim to avoid both hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia and/or hyperketosis, to minimize glycogen accumulation and catabolism, respectively. Multidisciplinary monitoring includes balancing between traditional markers of metabolic control (ie, growth, liver size, serum aminotransferases, glucose homeostasis, lactate, and ketones), liver function (ie, synthesis, bile flow and detoxification of protein), and symptoms and signs of portal hypertension.
An exploration of the interaction mechanism of Direct Red 80 with α‐Amylase at the molecular level
Authors: Song Yan , Sun Kailun , Liu Rutao
Published: December 2020

The use and production of Direct Red 80 (DR80) dye are growing rapidly, and a large amount of dye wastewater is discharged into the soil without treatment. DR80 accumulated in soil or sludge can lead to enzyme poisoning, inhibit microbial activity, and affect the transformation of substances in the soil. In this research, the interaction mechanism between DR80 and α‐Amylase (a typical enzyme in soil and sludge) was investigated by multi‐spectra, molecular docking, thermodynamics analysis and enzyme activity experiment. The results of UV‐visible and resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra showed that the skeleton of α‐Amylase became loosened and unfolded under the exposure of Direct Red. The size of α‐Amylase was smaller and α‐Amylase became dispersed under high concentration of DR80. Molecular docking and thermodynamic analysis showed that DR80 bound to the surface of domain A rather than the active site of α‐Amylase in the form of hydrogen bonds, and the binding process was an exothermic reaction. In addition, the inhibition of α‐Amylase activity by DR80 was verified by enzyme activity experiment. These results indicate that DR80 has an effect on the structure and function of α‐Amylase at molecular level, which means that the toxicity of DR80 should receive more attention.
Impact of COVID‐19 in patients with concurrent co‐infections: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Sarkar Soumya , Khanna Puneet , Singh Akhil Kant
Published: December 2020

The burden and impact of secondary superadded infections in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients is widely acknowledged. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the impact of COVID‐19 in patients with tuberculosis, HIV, chronic hepatitis, and other concurrent infections. This review was conducted to evaluate the consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in patients with concurrent co‐infections based on the publications reported to date. An extensive comprehensive screening was conducted using electronic databases up to 3rd September 2020 after obtaining registration with PROSPERO (CRD420202064800). The observational studies or interventional studies in English, evaluating the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with concurrent infections are included for the meta‐analyses. Our search retrieved 20 studies, with a total of 205,702 patients. Patients with tuberculosis (RR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.75–2.51; I2 = 0%), influenza (RR = 2.04; 95% CI, 0.15–28.25, I2 = 99%) have an increased risk of mortality during a co‐infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. No significant impact is found in people living with HIV (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.82–1.19; I2 = 30%), Chronic hepatitis (RR = 1.15; 95% CI, 0.73–1.81; I2 = 10%). Several countries (Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, Colombia, and Singapore) are on the verge of a dengue co epidemic (cumulative 878,496 and 5,028,380 cases of dengue and COVID‐19 respectively). The impact of COVID‐19 in patients of concurrent infections with either tuberculosis or influenza is detrimental. The clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in HIV or chronic hepatitis patients are comparable to COVID‐19 patients without these concurrent infections.
Evaluation of serum IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID‐19 patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Zhou Chang , Bu Ge , Sun Yong , Ren Cuiping , Qu Mingsheng , Gao Yufeng , Zhu Yulin , Wang Linding , Sun Liang , Liu Yan
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is sweeping the world since the end of 2019. The titer change of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 needs to be further clarified, the clinical and preventive value of antibodies still needs to be further investigated. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established by coating with SARS‐CoV‐2 recombinant spike protein and used to detect serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in coronavirus disease 2019 patients to evaluate the pattern of changes of antibodies. The specificity of the ELISA for detection SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG were 96% (144/150) and 100% (150/150), respectively. The sensitivity of ELISA was 100% (150/150) for IgM, and 99.3% (149/150) for IgG. SARS‐CoV‐2‐SP‐IgM and SP‐IgG antibodies could be detected on Day 1 of hospitalization in 12.5% patients, and SP‐IgM began to decrease after reaching its peak at around 22–28 days, and become negative at Month 3 in 30% patients and negative at Month 7 in 79% of these patients after onset; IgG reached its peak around Day 22–28 and kept at a high level within the longest observation period for 4 months, it dropped very sharply at 7 months. The positive rates of SP‐IgM and SP‐IgG were higher than those of reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction on Day 7 and 4. The established indirect ELISA has good specificity and sensitivity. IgM and IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 appeared almost simultaneously in the early stage, and the level of IgG antibodies could not maintain a high plateau in the observation period of 7 months. Our data will help develop the diagnosis and vaccine of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Arrhythmia in tumor lysis syndrome and associated in‐hospital mortality: A nationwide inpatient analysis
Authors: Gangani Kishorbhai , Fong Hee K. , Faisaluddin Mohammed , Lodhi Muhammad U. , Manaktala Pritika , Sadolikar Ashish , Shah Vraj , Gandhi Zainab , Abu Hassan Falah , Savani Sejal , Doshi Rajkumar , Desai Rupak
Published: December 2020

Background

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life‐threatening oncologic emergency associated with fatal complications including arrhythmia. The epidemiology and mortality outcomes of arrhythmia in TLS are scarcely studied in the literature.

Methods

We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study the prevalence and outcome of arrhythmia in patients hospitalized with TLS (ICD‐9 code 277.88) from 2009 to 2014. Baseline characteristics, burden of arrhythmia, and pertinent outcomes were analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the impact of underlying malignancy in predicting TLS‐related mortality.

Results

A total of 9034 cases of arrhythmia among 37 861 TLS patients were identified. More than half of the arrhythmia cases (67%) were found among white old (>65) males admitted to large bed size and urban teaching hospitals. Arrhythmic cohort showed higher frequency of comorbidities such as fluid‐electrolyte disturbances, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure, dyslipidemia, diabetes, pulmonary circulatory disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, coagulopathy, and deficiency anemia. The most common malignancies were leukemia, lymphoma, metastatic tumor, and solid tumor without metastasis. We found significantly higher odds of in‐hospital mortality among patients with TLS compared to general inpatient population on unadjusted (OR 9.69, 95% CI: 9.27‐10.13, P < .001) and adjusted (OR 4.62, 95% CI: 4.39‐4.85) multivariable analyses. Overall in‐hospital mortality (32% vs 21.3%), median length of stay (11 days vs 9 days), and hospital charges were higher among arrhythmic than nonarrhythmic patients.

Conclusion

With the availability of more advanced cancer therapy in the US, nearly one in four inpatient encounters of TLS had arrhythmia. Arrhythmia in TLS patients was associated with higher odds of mortality and increased resource utilization. Therefore, strategies to improve the supportive care of TLS patients plus timely diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmia are of utmost importance in reducing mortality and health‐care cost.
Interdecadal modulation of interannual ENSO‐Indian summer monsoon rainfall teleconnections in observations and CMIP6 models: Regional patterns
Authors: Mahendra Nimmakanti , Chowdary Jasti Sriranga , Darshana Patekar , Sunitha Pilli , Parekh Anant , Gnanaseelan Chellappan
Published: December 2020

This study examined the Inter‐decadal modulations of interannual El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall regional teleconnection patterns in the observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Observations show strong epochal changes of the relationship between ENSO and all‐India summer rainfall (AISR) with weak teleconnections in epoch‐1 (centred around 1915) and epoch‐4 (recent epoch) and strong teleconnections in epoch‐2 (centred around 1940) and epoch‐3 (centred around 1970) during the study period of 1901–2014. While on the regional point of view, it is found that epochal/decadal ENSO teleconnections to rainfall over northern central India and southern peninsular India are stronger and stable in all epochs. Whereas the rainfalls over the regions like Central India and Eastern Central India (ECI) displayed strong epochal changes in teleconnections, similar to that of AISR. This suggests that changes in ENSO‐ISM rainfall teleconnections are highly influenced by regional rainfall response. Anomalous upward motion over the head Bay of Bengal (BOB) and ECI regions related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the westward extension of low‐level cyclonic circulation from the Western‐North Pacific (WNP) region are mainly responsible for the epochal changes in regional rainfall patterns over India associated with ENSO. We have assessed the fidelity of 29 CMIP6 models in representing the epochal changes in ENSO‐monsoon teleconnections. Nearly, 35% of models simulate epochal changes in teleconnections reasonably well. In most of the models, epochal changes in teleconnections are influenced by the strength and location of large‐scale subsidence coupled to the strength of Walker circulation associated with ENSO. It is noted that the drivers of epochal changes in ENSO‐monsoon teleconnections vary from model to model. Whereas, in the observations, the variance of ENSO itself in summer could influence modulations in the ENSO‐ISM teleconnections apart from IOD and WNP forcing.
microRNA‐146a and ‐155, upregulated by periodontitis and type 2 diabetes in oral fluids, are predicted to regulate SARS‐CoV‐2 oral receptor genes
Authors: Roganović Jelena R.
Published: December 2020

Background

Type 2 diabetes and periodontitis predispose to a higher risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Recent studies show upregulation of innate immuno‐regulatory microRNA‐146a and ‐155 in oral fluids of patients with type 2 diabetes as well as of patients with periodontitis. The aim was to investigate whether upregulation of these microRNAs may relate to patient susceptibility to the infection via modulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry factors expression.

Methods

Due to limited experimental feasibility and health risks in Coronavirus Disease 2019, bioinformatic analyses combining with system biology were used as initial investigation of interaction between microRNA‐146 and ‐155 and genes encoding SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors.

Results

SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry factors are expressed in salivary glands and masticatory mucosa (tongue) at different expression levels, comparable with those measured in lungs and tonsil. MicroRNA‐146 and ‐155 are widely involved in the regulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 oral cellular entry factors and may enhance expression of ACE2 and modulate genes involved in host immunity.

Conclusions

Diabetes‐ and periodontitis‐induced increase in microRNA‐146a and ‐155 in oral cavity is predicted to upregulate angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression, essential SARS‐CoV‐2 entry receptors, and modulate host antiviral response. As it could suggest increased infectivity of diabetes and periodontitis patients, additional protective measures for periodontists are recommended.
Salivary and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage inhibitory factor, and fractalkine in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis
Authors: Yilmaz Dogukan , Gönüllü Emel , Gürsoy Mervi , Könönen Eija , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman
Published: December 2020

Background

Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and fractalkine are chemokines that are expressed by a variety of cell types to regulate macrophage inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their serum and salivary concentrations.

Methods

Adults with either periodontitis (P, n = 21), or with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 23), or with both diseases (RA+P, n = 23) were included in the study. Systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 22) served as controls. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all participants before the medical and periodontal examinations. Salivary and serum MCP‐1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were measured by the Luminex technique. Total salivary protein levels were determined by the Bradford assay.

Results

Salivary MCP‐1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were elevated in both RA groups (RA+P and RA) in comparison with systemically healthy controls. As related to total salivary protein levels, higher MCP‐1 (P = 0.003) and fractalkine (P = 0.045) concentrations were found in controls compared with the P group. In serum, MCP‐1 concentrations in the RA+P group were higher (P = 0.003) than those of group P. Elevated serum fractalkine concentrations were observed in both periodontitis groups (RA+P, P = 0.014; and P, P = 0.013) compared with controls.

Conclusions

In RA, MCP‐1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations are elevated in saliva. These chemokines may disrupt oral macrophage responses and potentially take part in the interaction between periodontitis and RA.
Gel properties of transglutaminase‐induced soy protein isolate–polyphenol complex: influence of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Guo Siyan , Li Xingjiang , Jiang Shaotong , Zhong Xiyang , Zheng Zhi
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Traditional soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based gel products, such as tofu, are generally produced by heating and by addition of metal salt ions to adjust the hydrophobicity and electrostatic force of soybean protein to facilitate the formation of a uniform network structure. However, the gelation rate of the soy protein gel network structure is difficult to control. Theoretically, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) could be used to alter the surface hydrophobicity of thermally induced SPI to improve its gelation rate and form a more uniform network structure, thus improving SPI‐based gel properties (hardness, water holding capacity and rheological properties).

RESULTS

An SPI‐EGCG complex (SPIE) was prepared, and properties of the resulting gel, following induction of transglutaminase (TG), were evaluated. Results showed that EGCG is bound to thermally induced SPI primarily via hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding, thus altering the secondary structure composition and reducing surface hydrophobicity of proteins in thermally induced SPI. Furthermore, the optimum amount of EGCG required to improve the gel strength, water holding capacity and rheological properties was ≤0.04:1 (SPI 1 g L−1; EGCG:SPI, w/w). Thermal stability analysis further indicated that EGCG in SPIE was more stable than free EGCG after heating.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that EGCG can improve the gel properties of TG‐crosslinked SPIE, while EGCG in SPIE exhibits enhanced thermal stability. Additionally, the results of this study provide a novel strategy for the development of SPI‐based gel foods with improved gel properties and that are enriched with bioactive compounds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors associated with 30‐day soft tissue complications following upper extremity sarcoma surgery
Authors: Hoftiezer Yannick A. J. , Lans Jonathan , Freniere Brian B. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chen Neal C. , Lozano‐Calderón Santiago A.
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives

The incidence of soft tissue complications following sarcoma surgery in the upper extremity is reportedly high. Therefore, this study assessed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to identify independent risk factors, while also reporting the incidence of soft tissue complications in the first 30 days after surgery.

Methods

A total of 620 patients that underwent surgical treatment for upper extremity sarcoma were included from the NSQIP database. Soft tissue complications were defined as surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, or soft‐tissue related reoperations. Clinically relevant patient and treatment characteristics were selected and analyzed.

Results

The 30‐day soft tissue complication rate was 4.7%. In the multivariable analysis, higher body mass index (p = .047) and longer operative times (p = .002) were independently associated with soft tissue complications.

Conclusions

Higher body mass index and longer operative times are risk factors for soft tissue complications following upper extremity sarcoma surgery. The soft‐tissue complication rate following resection of upper extremity tumors is low in this national cohort, possibly due to the relatively small tumor size and low prevalence of radiotherapy.
Sexual and Nonsexual Interpersonal Violence, Psychiatric Disorders, and Mental Health Service Use
Authors: Hauw Manon E. , Revranche Mathieu , Kovess‐Masfety Viviane , Husky Mathilde M.
Published: December 2020

Exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) increases an individual's risk of suffering from psychiatric disorders. However, only a small proportion of individuals exposed to PTEs use health care services (HCS). Few studies have examined how exposure to different types of PTEs affect the odds an individual will suffer from a psychiatric disorder and access HCS. The present study aimed to examine the associations among lifetime exposure to sexual and nonsexual violence, psychiatric disorder presence, and utilization of HCS. Data were drawn from a large cross‐sectional survey (N = 19,958) representative of four regions of France. Lifetime occurrence of traumatic events, past‐year DSM‐IV Axis I psychiatric disorders, and past‐year use of HCS were assessed using the CIDI‐SF. Lifetime exposure to violence, particularly sexual violence, was associated with significantly higher odds of suffering from common psychiatric disorders in the past year, including major depression, aOR = 1.70, 95%CI [1.34, 2.17], which was present among 36.9% of participants who reported sexual violence exposure, 20.9% of those who reported exposure to nonsexual violence, and 7.1% of those exposed to neither. Compared to participants who were not exposed to sexual violence, victims of sexual violence were more likely to have contacted health care professionals due to a mental health problem and to have received psychotropic medication. However, a significant portion of individuals with psychiatric disorders did not report receiving potentially beneficial HCS. The present findings highlight the need to identify victims of violence and improve access to appropriate services for this population.
Prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and psychiatric morbidity among inpatients of a general hospital: A consecutive three‐year study
Authors: Lee Jia‐In , Burdick Katherine E. , Ko Chih‐Hung , Liu Tai‐Ling , Lin Yi Chun , Lee Ming‐Been
Published: December 2020

Using a self‐administered questionnaire (the five‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale, BSRS‐5), determine the prevalence of suicide ideation (SI), psychiatric morbidity (PM), and the factors associated with these conditions in a general hospital in Taiwan. All individuals aged 12 years or older, who were admitted to a Medical University Hospital between August 2014 and December 2016, were asked to fill out the BSRS‐5 at admission. The study was conducted in a medical inpatient setting, excluding Intensive Care Units and the Emergency Service Department. The 93,129 participants were recruited for analysis. Pearson's correlation, regression analysis and path analysis were performed to test the association between SI and each item of psychopathology and to determine the discrimination validity of individual BSRS‐5 items for predicting SI. The prevalence rate was 2.3% for SI and 2.0% for PM among all participants. PM was more prevalent in females and those aged 25–54 years. Individuals with PM had a significantly higher rate of SI (44.6%) than did others (1.4%). The prevalence of PM was varied by department, e.g., Psychiatry (44.3%), Rehabilitation Medicine (7.9%), and Nephrology (5.2%). The regression analysis and path analysis with structural equation model indicated that depression, hostility, anxiety, and inferiority were significant independent predictors of SI. The BSRS‐5 is an efficient and useful screening tool to identify psychological distress and SI among inpatients in a general hospital. Its integration into the electronic medical chart facilitates identifying patients at risk.
Daily entropy of dissolved oxygen reveals different energetic regimes and drivers among high‐mountain stream types
Authors: Canadell Marta Boix , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Clémençon Mélanie , Lane Stuart N. , Battin Tom J.
Published: December 2020

High‐resolution time series of dissolved oxygen (DO) have revealed different ecosystem energetics regimes across various stream types. Ecosystem energetic regimes are relevant to better understand the transformation and retention of nutrients and carbon in stream ecosystems. However, the patterns and controls of stream energetics in high‐mountain landscapes remain largely unknown. Here we monitored percent DO saturation (every 10 min) over 2 years in a glacier‐fed, krenal (groundwater‐fed) and a nival (snowmelt‐fed) stream as they are typical for the high mountains. We used daily Shannon entropy to explore the temporal dynamics of stream water DO and to infer information on the ecosystem energetics and on the potential drivers. We found that discharge modulated the drivers of DO variations at daily and seasonal scales. Elevated bed movement along with high turbidity and very high gas exchange rates drove the daily DO patterns in the glacier‐fed stream during snow and ice melt, whereas light seemed to drive DO dynamics in the krenal and nival streams. We found a window of favorable conditions for potential gross primary production (GPP) during the onset of the snowmelt in the glacier‐fed stream, whereas potential GPP seemed to extend over longer periods in the krenal and nival streams. Our findings suggest how the energetic regimes of these high‐mountain streams may change in the future as their biological and physical drivers change owing to climate warming.
Solar radiation and solar radiation driven cycles in warming and freshwater discharge control seasonal and inter‐annual phytoplankton chlorophyll a and taxonomic composition in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen)
Authors: van de Poll Willem H. , Maat Douwe S. , Fischer Philipp , Visser Ronald J. W. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Buma Anita G. J.
Published: December 2020

Fjords on the west coast of Spitsbergen experience variable Arctic and Atlantic climate signals that drive seasonal and inter‐annual variability of phytoplankton productivity and composition, by mechanisms that are not fully resolved. To this end, a time series (2013–2018) of Kongsfjorden (N 78°54.2, E 11°54.0) phytoplankton pigments, ocean physics, nutrient concentrations, and microbial abundances was investigated. Kongsfjorden phytoplankton dynamics were predominantly governed by solar radiation and cycles of warming and freshwater discharge that caused pronounced changes in light and nutrient availability. Phytoplankton growth after the polar night commenced in March in a mixed, nutrient loaded water column, and accelerated in April after weak thermal stratification. Spring (weeks 10–22) showed high diatom relative abundance that ceased when silicic acid and nitrate reached limiting concentrations. Summer (weeks 23–35) was characterized by sixfold stronger stratification due to increased freshwater discharge and continued ocean heating. This caused a warm, low salinity surface layer with low nutrient concentrations. Small and diverse flagellates, together with high bacterial and viral abundances, thrived in this regenerative, N or P‐limited system. Elevated late summer chlorophyll a (Chl a), and ammonium suggested increased regeneration and nutrient pulses by glacial upwelling. Fall (weeks 36–48) caused rapidly declining Chl a and increasing diatom relative abundance, which persisted throughout the polar night, causing high diatom relative abundance during spring. Despite inter‐annual variability in ocean temperature and salinity we observed relatively stable seasonal phytoplankton taxonomic composition and Chl a.
The inescapable effects of superstition and sacrifice on crimes against wildlife
Authors: de Farias Salomao A.
Published: December 2020

This manuscript discusses crimes against wildlife through the lenses of two cultural perspectives: superstition and sacrifice. Why do people still buy/consume endangered animals/animal parts in current times? Whether for use in rituals, amulets, or culinary arts, wild animals are poached every day around the world. What can be done to change this reality? It is necessary to change the logic of “everybody's property is nobody's property,” The Tragedy of the Commons can shed light on this issue. An application of the current knowledge based on the reasons for the consumption of wild animals/wild animal products indicates that there is not a single solution to this problem. It is necessary to transform behavior as a result of education, which will lead to social change.
The case of the “This Is Not A Game” campaign in Zambia: An analysis of the messaging strategies used to deter illegal bushmeat consumption
Authors: Graham Johnny , Ferguson Yuvay M.
Published: December 2020

This article presents a case study of the “This is Not A Game” campaign in Zambia, which is aimed at influencing the demand for bushmeat. Bushmeat is essential nourishment for many people, so preventing its consumption can be difficult, even with the expressed goal of wildlife conservation. A content analysis of the messaging strategies used in this specific campaign reveals the implementation and effectiveness of various psychological appeals, message themes, and calls to action in creating online awareness and discouraging illegal bushmeat consumption. The data shows that fear appeals, particularly when conveyed in messaging related to human health and legal consequences, were among the most used and most engaging strategies in the campaign. The results of this study can be used to demonstrate the role that marketing could play in informing other approaches to stop crimes against wildlife.
The impact of marketing campaigns deterring the supply and demand of endangered wildlife in Kenya and China
Authors: Loebnitz Natascha , Kienou‐Traore Clarisse , Zhou Yanfeng , Frank Phillip , Grunert Klaus G.
Published: December 2020

Poaching rhinos to sell their horns is one of the most pressing threats to wildlife and constitutes an illicit yet extremely profitable business. Employing construal level and reactance theory, two studies examine which marketing campaign is most effective in countries where the crime is actually taking place by distinguishing supply (=poachers in Kenya) and demand (=consumers of Chinese traditional medicine in China). Both studies follow a 2 × 2 between‐subject design with an additional control group whereby temporal distance and social distance are manipulated to outline weaknesses of current antipoaching campaigns and identify alternatives that are more effective. Results suggest that economic and identity‐related factors can explain consumers (China) and poachers (Kenya) intentions to purchase traditional Chinese medicine with rhino horn or sell rhino horn. In both countries, marketing campaigns featuring temporal distance were superior to close counterparts; yet, the mediating variables differ for each country. Close temporal distance elicits reactance. Interestingly, poachers do not seem to discriminate between close and far social distance. The findings have lifesaving implications for wildlife, profound practical implications for non‐governmental organizations, and governmental agencies' additional theoretical contributions.
Towards a classification of marine wildlife crime: Marketing strategies to curtail illegal fishing, malicious acts, and waterway pollution
Authors: Keel Astrid L. , Wolf Marco
Published: December 2020

Much effort has been dedicated to fighting wildlife crime with modest results. This paper focuses on marine wildlife crime, which suffers from a certain level of neglect due to terrestrial bias (a predominant focus on land animals). Despite legislative and enforcement efforts, there has been little integration of marketing techniques to curtail marine wildlife crime. For these reasons, we set out to study current issues surrounding marine wildlife crime by conducting interviews with three experts in areas of marine education, research, and legislation. The interviews provide an overview of the threats to marine wildlife, aid in the development of a classification of marine wildlife crime, and provide strategies as to what marketing actions may be useful to reduce it.
Transitions of electrons and holes drive diffusion in crystals, glasses and melts
Authors: Hoffmann H.‐J.
Published: December 2020

Diffusion of atoms or molecules (generally: particles) is driven by differences and gradients of the chemical potential of the particles in their accessible space. If the difference of the chemical potential is due to differences of concentrations alone, one arrives at the diffusion equations of Fick. The diffusion coefficients are described in known models by vibrations of atoms in condensed matter which cause the exchange of preferentially neutral particles with neighbouring particles, impurities, interstitial places and vacancies near or on surfaces, grain boundaries, dislocation lines and in the homogeneous bulk. The rates of electronic transitions, however, increase also in melts and solids of chemically bonded particles with increasing temperature. Such transitions cause large fluctuating deviations of the local energy, the charge distribution and the local chemical and electrical potentials. The fluctuating deviations interact with the core ions and drive particles to interchange. This mechanism that supplements the known mechanisms of diffusion has not yet found adequate attention in the literature until now. Foundations, experimental results, evidence and consequences for diffusion are discussed.
Connecticut providers make urgent plea for funding, protection
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: December 2020

More than 250 mental health providers from around Connecticut are urging Gov. Ned Lamont to recognize them as a critical workforce in need of priority status for the vaccine as well as funding assistance for personal protective equipment (PPE) resources for in‐person meetings with clients.
Stability and convergence analysis for a new phase field crystal model with a nonlocal Lagrange multiplier
Authors: Lin Shimin , Cao Junying , Zhang Jun , Sun Tao
Published: December 2020

In this work, an energy stable numerical scheme is proposed to solve the PFC model with a nonlocal Lagrange multiplier. The construction of the numerical scheme is based on invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) technique to transform a nonlinear system into a linear system, while the time variables are discretized by second‐order scheme. The stability term in the new scheme can balance the influence of nonlinear term. Moreover, we obtain the results of unconditional energy stability, uniqueness, and uniform boundedness of numerical solution, and the numerical scheme is convergent with order of
. Several numerical tests are conducted to confirm the theoretical results.