bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Structured Light Scanning System
Authors: Guo Yi , Ruan Xiaoyi
Published: July 2021

On the basis of studying the calibration method of the camera and the rotating platform, we designed an automatic camera calibration scheme based on four azimuth circles, which can realize the automatic sorting of the mark points. In order to improve the efficiency of identifying the center of the calibration plate, this paper uses RANSAC to improve the RED ellipse center detection algorithm. Experimental verification shows that the improved RED algorithm has increased 29.34% in anti-noise interference ability and 30.10% in center detection accuracy, which effectively guarantees the measurement stability and accuracy of the measurement system. Then, with the aid of the designed calibration board, we fit the rotation center of the turntable using the principle of three points in a circle, which provides a basis for the subsequent point cloud splicing. Experiments show that the back-projection error of the calibration method in this paper is less than 1 pixel, and the calibration accuracy is better than Zhang’s algorithm.
A review on high dynamic range (HDR) image quality assessment
Authors: Gunawan Irwan Prasetya , Cloramidina Ocarina , Syafa’ah Salmaa Badriatu , Febriani Rizcy Hafivah , Kuntarto Guson Prasamuarso , Santoso Berkah Iman
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a literature review on the method of measuring high dynamic range (HDR) image quality. HDR technology can help maximize user satisfaction level when using HDR images-based visual services. The advance of HDR technology indirectly presents a more difficult challenge to the image quality assessment method due to the high sensitivity of the human visual system (HVS) to various kinds of distortions that may arise in HDR images. This is related to the process of HDR image generation, which in general can be classified into two broad categories: the formation using the multiple exposure fusion (MEF) method and the inverse tone mapping operator (ITMO) method. In this paper, we will outline how HDR image quality measurement method works and describe some examples of these measurement methods which are related to the way the HDR images are fabricated. From these methods, it can be seen that most of them are still focused on full-reference and no-reference quality models. We argue that there is still room for the development of reduced-reference HDR image quality assessment.
Cooperativas de catadores e os desafios para a autogestão
Authors: Magno Gustavo Diego , Moraes Adriani Izabel de Souza , Veiga Tatiane Bonametti , Uehara Sílvia Carla da Silva André
Published: July 2021

As cooperativas de catadores são as únicas organizações responsáveis pela coleta seletiva em diversos municípios brasileiros e asseguram maior estabilidade de renda e proteção social em comparação ao trabalho de catadores autônomos. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as práticas de cooperativismo e autogestão em um empreendimento de catadores de materiais recicláveis e seus desafios e contribuições para a geração de renda e trabalho dignos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso do tipo exploratório-descritivo realizado com 27 catadores de uma cooperativa de materiais recicláveis do Município de São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de observação participante e entrevista estruturada. Constatou-se que 81,5% dos catadores eram do sexo feminino, 70,3% não concluíram o ensino fundamental e a renda média era de R$ 849,26. Observou-se predominância na concepção de que a cooperativa deve ser orientada pela igualdade e união. Entretanto, identificou-se a centralização do processo decisório nos cargos administrativos, separação entre gestão e produção, e pouco ou nenhum conhecimento sobre como se dá a distribuição dos ganhos. Apesar da cooperativa de catadores promover renda, trabalho e segurança social, não garante renda suficiente para retirar todos catadores da insegurança alimentar. A falta de capacitação dos catadores sobre autogestão e para o trabalho administrativo dificulta um melhor desempenho da cooperativa, fazendo-se necessário o apoio de outras instituições para a qualificação do trabalho.
Efeitos colaterais ao meio ambiente durante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Silva Rafael Mozart da
Published: July 2021

Dentre os impactos do cenário pandêmico no Brasil, está o aumento da geração do lixo doméstico e hospitalar. O descarte e a destinação de forma adequada dos resíduos, tornam-se elementos essenciais para a não propagação do vírus e por consequência auxiliam na conservação do meio ambiente. O Brasil possui ainda muitos locais de disposição final inadequada, como lixões e aterros, que acabam gerando graves implicações para a saúde pública e para o meio ambiente, sendo necessárias ações efetivas e urgentes para a superação desse déficit e cumprimento das disposições e diretrizes da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). O atual cenário pandêmico gera consequências graves ao país no âmbito da saúde, porém é necessário perceber os efeitos colaterais ao meio ambiente, pois o tratamento dos resíduos é transversal a diversas questões ambientais, sociais e econômicas e sua contribuição para mitigação do Sars-CoV-2, causador da COVID-19, é considerável e não pode ser desprezada. O cuidado com o meio ambiente no Brasil, deve ser uma pauta permanente nas diferentes esferas governamentais e também do coletivo populacional, pois o esforço na busca de solução para conter o Sars-CoV-2, deve servir de aprendizado e inspiração para manutenção adequada do tratamento dos resíduos no país.
Migration and transformation of heavy metals during the microwave-assisted thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge
Authors: Qiu Chunsheng , Zheng Jinxin , Wang Chenchen , Wang Bingbing , Liu Nannan , Wang Dong , Wang Shaopo
Published: July 2021

The migration, transformation and ecological risk of heavy metals (Cr, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in sewage sludge during the microwave-assisted thermal hydrolysis process were investigated under different temperatures (80 °C, 100 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C, and 160 °C). The potential relationship between the bio-availability of heavy metals and the variables of microwave treatment, including pH, ammonium-nitrogen, soluble chemical oxygen demand, pH, soluble protein, soluble polysaccharide and volatile solids, was also explored. The results showed that the migration of heavy metals between solid–liquid phase mainly depended on the temperature. The percentage of all heavy metals (except Cu) in mobile (acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible) forms decreased after microwave-assisted thermal hydrolysis treatment. The solubilisation of compounds with C = O and O-H accompanied with the generation of organic and inorganic metal halides were also observed in the treated sludge through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. NH4+-N showed the highest negative correlation to the bio-availability of most heavy metals (except Cu and Cr) with coefficients (absolute value) over 0.87 (P < 0.05). VS showed a positive correlation to the bio-availability of most heavy metals (except Cu). The total potential ecological risk index (RI) decreased by 46.65% after microwave treatment at 160 °C.
Modeling of washout of a well-killing liquid after launching of an oil well
Authors: Topolnikov A.S.
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the process of launching and output to the mode of an oil well, which was uploaded by a well-killing liquid at the stage of repairs. After the launching of the electric submergible pump the drop of the bottomhole pressure occurs and the inflow of reservoir fluid begins. As a result the multicomponent mixture is generated inside the well, which consists of oil, associated water, well-killing liquid and free gas, originated from the oil during degassing, and this mixture is pumped out towards wellhead. As soon as the pump characteristics are changed, when the liquid with variable density is pumped out, it is necessary to control the speed of a shaft of the pump for providing the stable pump regime. This problem is solved in the paper for different ratios of densities of well-killing liquid and reservoir fluid by the mathematical modeling of multiphase flow in the well elements and inside the pump. As a mathematical model the one-dimensional quasi-stationary model in approach of drift for description of relative motion of the components is applied, which proved itself well for modeling of non-stationary processes lasting for several days. The comparison of calculated and measuring field parameters is presented. It is shown that the speed of washout of the well-killing liquid from the oil well and the probability of the pump stop due to its head failure depend on the ration of densities of the well-killing liquid and reservoir fluid. It is stated that the monitoring of change of parameters of the pump in time through the mathematical modeling can help to optimize the output to the mode of the well. This allows to avoid stops due to the pump head failure and to diminish the electricity costs.
Terms number determination at the series truncation for the numerical solution of the problem of acoustic scattering from a sound-permeable spheres set
Authors: Nasibullaeva E.Sh.
Published: July 2021

Acoustic scattering from small-sized obstacles under external influence is one of the most important problems in acoustics, primarily because of the practical applications of this phenomenon. The solution of this problem is reduced to solving the Helmholtz equation for a complex potential with certain boundary conditions. When using the calculation method based on the fast multipole method, the potentials are decomposed into series according to special spherical functions, the form of which depends on the region in which this potential is calculated. As a result, the numerical implementation of the resulting matrix system raises the question of the correct choice of the number of series members when truncating them, since with a small number of series members, the calculation accuracy will be low, and with a large one will be increase not only the accuracy, but also the calculation time. An analysis of the scientific literature has shown that there are two approaches to choosing the number of terms of a series when truncating for such problems. In the first approach, truncation of the series is based on comparing two consecutive values of the sum of the sought series until the required degree of accuracy is achieved. In the second approach, all series in each expansion are truncated for a fixed number of series terms determined using heuristic formulas. In this paper, using the example of three sound-permeable spheres of different radii in the case of their strong interaction, when numerical calculations become «sensitive» to the number of terms during truncation, we compared these approaches. The analysis of the obtained data showed that to determine the value of the desired function with the necessary accuracy, it is optimal to use a combination of the considered approaches.
On the distortion of transmitted and reflected shock waves when interacting with a layer of a granular medium
Authors: Bashirova K.I.
Published: July 2021

A model of a shock tube has been prepared to study the behavior of a shock wave in a curved layer of light elastic granular particles located in the center of the tube. For the given problem, a standard mathematical model is written for a two-phase system, consisting of equations of continuity, state and energy, as well as an equation for the force of interphase interaction. Computational experiments were made using the OpenFOAM package. The prepared model allowed to carry out simulations for pressure between 3×10^5 Pa and 10^5 Pa and concentration of particles 20%, which creates a shock wave. Pressure distributions were obtained at different times in different sections before and after passing through the curved layer, as well as velocity profiles in similar sections. Numerical experiments have shown that the curvature of the layer of granular particles leads to significant scattering of the wave. In addition, significant changes in the wave front were revealed in the near-wall regions after the passage of a layer of granular medium. The redistribution of the fluid flow in the near-wall region is caused by the curvature of the lower boundary of the particle layer.
Dificuldades dos municípios da região metropolitana cearense em aderir ao processo de convergência da contabilidade pública: um estudo multicaso
Authors: Da Silva Moura Thais , Sergio do Nascimento Roberto , Viotto Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O presente estudo multicaso tem por objetivo avaliar as percepções dos municípios brasileiros quanto ao processo de convergência da contabilidade pública às normas internacionais, iniciado em 2008, tendo em vista a importância destes entes federados na prestação primária de bens e serviços públicos à sociedade.

Metodologia: Baseou-se na aplicação de questionário com perguntas estruturadas aplicadas às secretarias de finanças em 7 (sete) municípios da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza. Além deste aspecto, os municípios foram selecionados com base no PIB estadual e no nível de investimentos públicos por eles realizados.

Resultados: Foram considerados consistentes em evidenciar que 71% dos municípios iniciaram o processo de convergência dentro do prazo estabelecido pela Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN), porém apenas 43% declararam-se encontrar preparados para aplicar as NBCASP. Uma das principais dificuldades relacionadas se referem a falta de investimento em capacitação para os técnicos envolvidos e de sistemas próprios para operarem as alterações determinadas pela STN.

Contribuições do Estudo: Efetivamente a pesquisa comprovou dificuldades reais vivenciadas por parte dos municípios pesquisados que podem comprometer o avanço do processo de convergência Brasil afora, aspectos estes não considerados nos trabalhos anteriormente realizados.
Mensuração a valor justo e seus impactos nos honorários de auditoria: evidências no mercado brasileiro
Authors: Edson Vinícius Pontes Bastos  , Luciana Holtz  , Odilanei Morais dos Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo é verificar o impacto do uso da mensuração a valor justo sobre os honorários de auditoria, diferenciando-se inclusive o período pré e pós adoção do CPC 46.
Metodologia: A pesquisa apresentada é quantitativa, sendo que para o teste das hipóteses levantadas foi utilizada a técnica de regressão múltipla, com dados disponíveis das empresas listadas na B3 referentes ao período entre 2010 e 2016.
Resultados: As evidências indicam que a complexidade e subjetividade do valor justo é reconhecida pelas empresas de auditoria, ou seja, as firmas de auditoria consideram que a mensuração a valor justo implica mais esforços e que os riscos de auditoria associados se elevam, levando as firmas à cobrança de um prêmio de risco pela prestação do serviço. Entretanto, não foi possível confirmar que os honorários dos auditores aumentaram após a adoção da IFRS13 (CPC 46).
Contribuições do estudo: Teóricas/metodológicas - o estudo contribui para a compreensão sobre os impactos da adoção de normas internacionais de contabilidade, neste caso específico, sobre honorários de auditoria. Sociais/para gestão - dada a evidência de que há maior custo de auditoria associado à maior complexidade das informações em ambiente de valor justo, as empresas podem desenvolver mecanismos de minimização de incerteza associada às informações a serem auditadas.
Diversificação das receitas em cooperativas de crédito de livre admissão do Brasil e sua influência sobre desempenho financeiro
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas , Maria Lima Gonçalves Rosiane
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da diversificação das receitas sobre o desempenho financeiro das cooperativas de crédito de livre admissão brasileiras, no período de 2014 a 2018.

Metodologia: Foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de dados em painel e avaliadas 263 cooperativas de livre admissão brasileiras, perfazendo um total de 2.630 observações. Os dados foram obtidos juntos ao Bacen. As variáveis foram definidas conforme o estudo de Mathuva (2016), em que as variáveis dependentes foram ROA, ROE e suas medidas de volatilidade

Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que a diversificação de atividades nas cooperativas influenciou positivamente o desempenho financeiro. Os sinais encontrados demonstraram que quanto mais equilibrado esse processo melhor é o resultado e menor é o risco, dado pela volatilidade dos retornos. Ao se avaliar especificamente as receitas de serviços, ou seja, o efeito direto dessa fonte de receitas, foi constatada relação inversa com o desempenho e que os retornos se tornam mais voláteis à medida que as cooperativas aumentam as receitas com serviços. Esses resultados podem ser decorrentes tanto do estágio de maturidade das cooperativas nessas linhas de negócios cuja participação na formação das receitas ainda é baixa, quanto sugerem que o desempenho das cooperativas é ampliado à medida em que se fortalece as linhas de negócios já existentes, nas quais a instituição possui vantagens comparativas. O efeito combinado da expansão da prestação de serviços com a expertise nos processos de intermediação financeira é que, no período analisado, exerceu influência sobre o desempenho das cooperativas de livre admissão brasileiras.

Contribuições do Estudo: Avaliar os fatores que exercem influência sobre o desempenho das cooperativas de crédito contribui para a definição de estratégias de promoção de crescimento dessas instituições que exercem importante papel econômico e social na prestação de serviços financeiros. Para literatura, esse estudo contribui para compreensão do comportamento do desempenho das cooperativas de crédito em um contexto de expansão das receitas de serviços pelas instituições financeiras, cujas pesquisas ainda são incipientes e não conclusivas.
Disclosure ambiental dos relatórios corporativos da empresa Natura à luz da teoria da divulgação voluntária
Authors: Voges Claúdia , Broietti Cleber , Rover Suliani
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Analisar o nível de disclosure ambiental dos relatórios de sustentabilidade da Natura Cosméticos S.A., no período de 2001 a 2019, à luz da Teoria da Divulgação Voluntária.

Metodologia: Utiliza a metodologia desenvolvida por Clarkson et al. (2008) para coleta e análise dos dados. Estes autores desenvolveram o índice de avaliação do nível da divulgação voluntária sobre políticas, desempenho e insumos ambientais que são divididos em 29 itens de divulgação hard e 16 itens de divulgação soft.

Resultados: Os itens de divulgação hard e soft do disclosure oscilaram no período analisado. A nota máxima obtida pela empresa foi 59 (dentre os 95 pontos possíveis), alcançada no ano de 2013, no relatório dos indicadores da GRI. Cabe destacar que nos itens hard, a variação do nível de evidenciação foi de 9% a 49%, enquanto nos itens soft, a empresa obteve variação de 19% a 88%.

Contribuições do Estudo: A contribuição prática e teórica da pesquisa está vinculada à evidenciação ambiental de uma grande empresa nacional envolvida com o meio ambiente, além de incrementar a literatura de divulgação ambiental nacional.
Dez anos de trajetória acadêmica da Revista Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting à luz de sua produção científica
Authors: Ribeiro Henrique César Melo
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Estudo analisou a trajetória e o estado da arte da produção científica dos artigos divulgados na revista ASAA de 2008 a 2017.

Metodologia: Esta investigação adotou técnicas de análise bibliométrica e sociométrica em 146 estudos publicados.

Resultados: A Universidade de São Paulo ficou em destaque com 39 artigos publicados. A rede de coautoria vislumbra-se com baixa densidade, e com uma centralidade de grau em relevo. A USP é a instituição com maior degree, sendo confirmado tal achado na rede two-mode. Os temas que se destacaram foram: Contabilidade internacional, governança corporativa, ensino da contabilidade, contabilidade gerencial, pesquisa em contabilidade, auditoria, gerenciamento de resultados. Beuren e Mendonça Neto foram os autores mais profícuos.

Contribuições do Estudo: O referido estudo contribui para evidenciar informações e conhecimentos sobre a área contábil à luz de um dos principais periódicos da área do Brasil classificado no Qualis da Capes com extrato A2 e que traz em seu bojo em dez anos de publicações divulgadas como se comporta a disseminação e socialização do saber acadêmico contábil, por meio da produção científica e das redes de colaboração dos pesquisadores, instituições e temas, sobretudo os mais abordados.
Tax management: analysis of the influence on the equity cost of Brazilian companies
Authors: Freitas Hana Belisa Marques de , Moreira Caritsa Scartaty , Silva Annandy Raquel Pereira da , Nascimento Ítalo Carlos Soares do , Melo Geison Calyo Varela de
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The present study sought to investigate whether tax management influences the equity cost of Brazilian companies listed in Brazil, Bolsa e Balcão (B3) from 2014 to 2018.

Methodology: The study included the analysis of Proxie Book-Tax Differences (BTD) as a tool for identifying tax management, as suggested in the work of Moreira e Silva (2019), as well as the control variables, which are the return on equity (ROE), market value (QTOBIN), company size (LNAT) and company financial leverage (ALV). For data collection, the Bloomberg® database and the Reference Form available on the B3 website were used. For that, it was used the Multiple Linear Regression of the data type in balanced panel, resulting in a final sample formed by 630 observations.

Results: Through BTD proxie, referring to the difference between accounting profit and tax profit, and used to capture tax management in this research, it was not possible to identify any relationship with the equity cost. Thus, for the purposes of this research, the theoretical adequacy and the statistical models used did not show that good tax management practices have a positive or negative effect on the equity cost.

Contributions of the Study: It is observed that Brazilian studies did not analyze the effect of tax management on the equity cost in Brazilian companies using the Book-Tax Differences (BTD) indicator as a tool for identifying tax management and its influence on the cost of capital. So, this research followed the recommendation suggested by Moreira e Silva (2019), to analyze this cost with another indicator, in this case, Book-Tax Differences (BTD). According to the results, it was not possible to identify any relationship with the equity cost, thus contributing to the consolidation of the findings by Goh et al. (2016) and Moreira e Silva (2019) who present CashETR as the best metric for tax management, given that the results presented using the variables ETR and BTD, demonstrated that the cost of capital required by investors was unrelated to the fiscal aggressiveness of companies.
PROFUT: an analysis of the capital structure of Brazilian soccer teams
Authors: Rocha Erika Maia da , Oliveira Francisco Ícaro Silvério de , Valdevino Rosângela Queiroz Souza
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The research intends to verify the relationship between meeting the requirements for joining and staying at PROFUT and the economic and financial situation of Brazilian football clubs listed in the Ranking Nacional de Clubes (RNC).

Methodology: The study was operationalized by the deductive method, taking an empirical approach, using the analysis of individuals, facts and consequences researched. As for the procedures adopted, the research is classified as a bibliographic and documentary review and a quantitative approach. The matter was addressed through the application of an investigation of the points of the legislation, through a checklist, and the presentation of economic and financial indicators: indebtedness, current liquidity, tangibility, size and return of net worth.

Results: Given the investigation carried out, it was noticed that, even with the current requirements of the legislation and criteria of enforceability for participation in PROFUT, adherence to the program does not guarantee a better economic and financial situation, mainly related to the factors inherent to the capital structure.

Contributions of the Study: The paper contributes in a theoretical way in the production of a contextualized analysis of the main existing researches and shows new explanations of the studied fact based on different perspectives. With regard to the practical contribution, based on the main findings found, and seeking to relate the level of commitment of the analyzed clubs, which adhered to PROFUT, with the management of their capital structure, it was noticed the absence of a direct relationship between adherence to this type of financing and the management of the sources of capital obtained.
The accountant's competences from the point of view of professionals working in the city of Vitória de Santo Antão - PE
Authors: Santos Andreza Moura dos , Amorim Tania Nobre Gonçalves Ferreira , Cunha Tácio Marques da
Published: July 2021

Objective: The present research aimed to identify which competences are desirable to the accountant from the perspective of the accounting professionals who work in the offices of the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, in Pernambuco.

Methodology: A descriptive field survey research was carried out, with a quantitative approach and the use of a specific questionnaire, applied to a sample of 26 accounting firms. The study considered the classification of competencies of the standard established by the IFAC International Federation of Accountants (2012), categorized as: intellectual; technical and functional; personal; interpersonal and communication; and organizational and business management, as well as the use of the set of competencies defined by the studies of Cardoso (2006), Callado and Amorim (2017). The research data were collected in person and by email, being treated with the aid of Microsoft Excel software, enabling the construction of tables for analysis.

Results: The competences of the accountant indicated by the professionals of the area working in the offices located in the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, in Pernambuco, were consistent with those provided by IFAC (HEI 3), highlighting them with the highest level of importance, among the five categories classified in that standard: ability to identify problems, acting in accordance with the legislation, acting with ethics and integrity, working in a team, knowing how to manage and organize time well. One notices a trend towards the new role of the accountant, who is no longer seen as a mere "bean counter" but as a "business partner".

Study Contributions: Identifying and understanding which are the competencies required of the accounting professional can assist in the growth and development of the same in organizations, since even though there are several investigations on this subject, it is consensual the understanding that the competence of the accountant is a construct in formation, thus not consolidated. Another contribution is to present to the accounting science courses in the region what the market expects from students, so that they can organise a political pedagogic project. By recognising which competences are considered relevant from the perspectives of the professionals themselves, discussions are enabled that seek to find suggestions for improvements to their education, and also about their social role, considering changes in the political, economic and technological spheres.
Sentimientos de culpa experimentados en la posgraduación
Authors: Kachenski Ricardo Biernaski , Sousa Rayane Camila da Silva , Toro Pavel Elias Zepeda , Costa Flaviano , Colauto Romualdo Douglas
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: La investigación consiste en verificar el nivel de concordancia de los estudiantes con respecto a los sentimientos de culpa experimentados en la posgraduación stricto sensu.

Metodología: El estudio es de carácter descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo.  La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante una encuesta y el instrumento de recopilación de datos fue la Escala Multidimensional de Culpabilidad de Aquino y Medeiros (2009). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis (KW) para verificar las diferencias entre los grupos.

Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias en la distribución del sentimiento de Culpa Temporal, Culpa Subjetiva y Culpa Objetiva. La mayoría de los encuestados estuvo totalmente de acuerdo con los sentimientos de culpa descritos en el Factor de Culpa Temporal. La posgraduación stricto sensu tiene una gran demanda de estudios, investigación y actividades adicionales que ocupan una gran parte del tiempo de los estudiantes, por lo que el aspecto temporal termina siendo una de sus principales preocupaciones, lo que desencadena el sentimiento de culpa.

Contribuciones del Estudio: El estudio ayuda a comprender si los estudiantes se sienten culpables por diversas situaciones comunes en la vida de las personas y, en el futuro, se podría analizar si el nivel de culpa interfiere con el rendimiento académico; si actitudes tóxicas se desarrollan en las relaciones interpersonales entre otros factores de comportamiento.
Association of selected risk factors with bovine subclinical mastitis
Authors: Youssif Nesma Helmy , Hafiz Nagah Mostafa , Halawa Mohamady Ahmed , Saad Mena Fouad
Published: July 2021

A total of 695 Holstein Friesian lactating dairy cows were examined for the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and its association with selected risk factors in a private dairy farm at Fayoum district, Egypt. 444 lactating cows with 1145 quarters were found positive for SCM with prevalence of 63.88% and 41.18% at cow and quarter level respectively based on California Mastitis Test (CMT), Electrical Conductivity (EC) that had a mean value of 6.27 ± 0.066 mS/cm and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) with a mean value of 8.8×105± 9.2×103 cells/ml. The risk factors investigated in this study revealed that the highest percentage of SCM was observed in winter, in cows at the late lactation stage with a percentage of 32.21 and 59.91 respectively. The results concluded that the young age cows were exposed to SCM more than old ones. While the occurrence of SCM was higher in cows with 2nd, 3rd and 1st than those with 4, 5, 6th parity number. The analytical results also revealed that there is a highly significant difference (p < 0.05) between numbers of parity. However, there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between different stages of age, lactation and season as risk factors.
Comparative study of the effectiveness and residual effect of preoperative antisepsis with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with 70% ethyl alcohol and 0.5% alcoholic chlorhexidine gluconate in dogs
Authors: Boeing Joseneia , Pires Amanda Marcondes , Lavelli Danielli Aparecida , Moraes Gabriel Godoi de , Moraes Paola Castro , Romani Isaac , Sasahara Taís Harumi de Castro , Leal Leonardo Martins
Published: July 2021

The effectiveness of antisepsis of surgical sites in 20 animals (canine species) was compared and subdivided into two groups, using 4% chlorhexidine gluconate associated with alcohol (group 1) and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate (group 2). The samples were collected through skin swab after trichotomy (T1), after definitive antisepsis (T2) and one hour after the use of antiseptic (T3), and then submitted to the count of colony forming units (CFU). In both groups, bacterial growth occurred in T1; in T2, the reduction of CFUs was significant for both groups (G1 and G2); however, if we consider absolute values, we can see in T1 a greater amount of CFUs in G2, and when evaluating the results of T2, we can see values which are very similar between G1 and G2, which may suggest greater efficiency of G2 in initial times after antisepsis. In T3, the reduction of CFUs was more effective for G1, suggesting a greater residual effect when compared to G2. Both antiseptic protocols were effective as they significantly reduced the number of skin bacteria, both in T2 and T3.
Research Progress of DCLK1 Inhibitors as Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Cheng Linna , Huang Shenzhen , Chen Lijuan , Dong Xiaoyan , Zhang Lei , Wu Chengye , Ye Kaihong , Shao Fengmin , Zhu Zunmin , Thorne Rick F.
Published: July 2021

:

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) has emerged over the last decade as a
unique stem cell marker within gastrointestinal tissues. Evidence from mouse models
shows that high Dclk1 expression denotes a population of cells that promote tissue regeneration
and serve as potential cancer stem cells. Moreover, since certain DCLK1 isoforms
are overexpressed in many cancers and not normal cells, targeting the expression or kinase
activity of DCLK1 has the potential to inhibit cancer cell growth. Here, we review
the evidence for DCLK1 as a prospective cancer target including its isoform-specific expression
and mutational status in human cancers. We further discuss the challenges and
current progress in the development of small molecule inhibitors of DCLK1.
Aromatic Interactions in Glycochemistry: From Molecular Recognition
to Catalysis
Authors: Santana Andrés González , Díaz-Casado Laura , Montalvillo Laura , Jiménez-Moreno Ester , Mann Enrique , Asensio Juan Luis
Published: July 2021

:

Aromatic platforms are ubiquitous recognition motifs occurring in protein carbohydrate-
binding domains (CBDs), RNA receptors and enzymes. They stabilize the glycoside/
receptor complexes by participating in stacking CH/π interactions with either the
α- or β- face of the corresponding pyranose units. In addition, the role played by aromatic
units in the stabilization of glycoside cationic transition states has started being recognized
in recent years. Extensive studies carried out during the last decade have allowed
the dissection of the main contributing forces that stabilize the carbohydrate/aromatic
complexes, while helping delineate not only the standing relationship between the glycoside/
aromatic chemical structures and the strength of this interaction but also their potential
influence on glycoside reactivity.
Development of Apigenin-Loaded Niosomes Using Ecological Probe Sonication Technique for Enhanced Oral Delivery: Application of Box- Behnken Design
Authors: Mujtaba Md. Ali
Published: July 2021

Background:

Apigenin (APG), a natural bioactive flavonoid has multiple pharmacological
effects. However, its poor aqueous solubility hinders its clinical benefits.

Objective and Methods:

The work aimed to develop novel apigenin-loaded niosomes (APG-NIO) with
ecological probe sonication techniques. The formulation was statistically optimized by Box-Behnken
design (BBD) and the independent variables were selected as Span 80(X1), Poloxamer 188(X2), and
Tween 80(X3) at three levels, and the dependent variables were identified as: particle size (Y1), polydispersity
index (Y2), and % entrapment efficiency (Y3). The formulation was characterized for various
parameters such as vesicle shape, size, PDI, %EE, solubility, in vitro drug release, and antioxidant potential.

Results:

The optimized APG-NIO formulation was found to have a spherical shape with homogenous
distribution and a low polydispersity index. It has a particle size of 425.77 nm, zeta potential -17.1±0.9
mV, and % EE of 89.63. The aqueous solubility of APG-NIO was found approximately 45 times higher
than that of pure APG. The formulation showed a higher drug release rate as compared to pure APG in
phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and followed the Higuchi release model with a non-Fickian transport mechanism.
The stability was found at 4°C for 3 months. The antioxidant potential of APG-NIO was significantly
increased in comparison to the pure drug suspension in the DPPH• assay.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that the probe sonication technique is an alternative, cost-effective,
simple, and green method for the development of niosomes, and BBD is a useful optimization tool for
identifying the effect of formulation variables.
Electrospinning: New Strategies for the Treatment of Skin Melanoma
Authors: Mancipe Javier Mauricio Anaya , Lobianco Franz Acker , Dias Marcos Lopes , da Silva Moreira Thiré Rossana Mara
Published: July 2021

:

Recent studies have shown a significant growth of skin cancer cases in northern regions of
the world, in which its presence was not common. Skin cancer is one of the cancers that mostly affects
the world’s population, ranking fifth in studies conducted in the United States (USA). Melanoma is
cancer that has the highest number of deaths worldwide since it is the most resistant skin cancer to
current treatments. This is why alternatives for its treatment has been investigated considering nanomedicine
concepts. This study approaches the role of this field in the creation of promising electrospun
devices, composed of nanoparticles and nanofibers, among other structures, capable of directing
and/or loading active drugs and/or materials with the objective of inhibiting the growth of melanoma
cells or even eliminating those cells.
Traumatic Internal Carotid Artery Injuries: Do We Need a Screening
Strategy? Literature Review, Case Report, and Forensic Evaluation
Authors: Maiese Aniello , Frati Paola , Manetti Alice Chiara , De Matteis Alessandra , Di Paolo Marco , La Russa Raffaele , Turillazzi Emanuela , Frati Alessandro , Fineschi Vittorio
Published: July 2021

:

Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) represents the cause of ictus cerebri in about
20% of all cases of cerebral infarction among the young adult population. ICAD could involve the
extracranial and intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA). It could be spontaneous (SICAD) or
traumatic (TICAD). It has been estimated that carotid injuries could complicate the 0,32% of cases
of general blunt trauma and the percentage seems to be higher in cases of severe multiple traumas.
TICAD is diagnosed when neurological symptoms have already occurred, and it could have devastating
consequences, from permanent neurological impairment to death. Thus, even if it is a rare
condition, a prompt diagnosis is essential. There are no specific guidelines regarding TICAD screening.
Nevertheless, TICAD should be taken into consideration when a young adult or middle-aged
patient presents after severe blunt trauma. Understanding which kind of traumatic event is most associated
with TICAD could help clinicians to direct their diagnostic process. Herein, a review of the
literature concerning TICAD has been carried out to highlight its correlation with specific traumatic
events. TICAD is mostly correlated to motor vehicle accidents (94/227), specifically to car accidents
(39/94), and to direct or indirect head and cervical trauma (76/227). As well, a case report is presented
to discuss TICAD forensic implications.
Zebrafish as a Tool in the Study of Sleep and Memory-related Disorders
Authors: Bonan Carla Denise , Altenhofen Stefani
Published: July 2021

Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon, being an important biological necessity
for the learning process and memory consolidation. The brain displays two types of electrical activity
during sleep: slow-wave activity or Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, and desynchronized
brain wave activity or Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. There are many theories regarding “Why
we need to sleep?”; one of them is the synaptic homeostasis. This theory suggests the role of sleep in
the restoration of synaptic homeostasis, which is destabilized by synaptic strengthening triggered by
learning during waking and by synaptogenesis during development. Sleep diminishes the plasticity
load on neurons and other cells to normalize synaptic strength whereas it reestablishes neuronal selectivity
and the ability to learn, leading to the consolidation and integration of memories. The use of
zebrafish as a tool to assess sleep and its disorders is growing, although sleep in this animal is not yet
divided, for example, into REM and NREM states. However, zebrafish are known to have a regulated
daytime circadian rhythm, and their sleep state is characterized by periods of inactivity accompanied
by an increase in arousal threshold, preference for resting place, and the “rebound sleep effect” phenomenon,
which causes an increased slow-wave activity after a forced waking period. In addition,
drugs known to modulate sleep, such as melatonin, nootropics, and nicotine have been tested in
zebrafish. In this review, we discuss the use of zebrafish as a model to investigate sleep mechanisms
and their regulation, demonstrating this species as a promising model for sleep research.
Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Benzimidazoleincorporated
Naphthalimide Derivatives as Salmonella typhimurium DNA
Intercalators, and Combination Researches
Authors: Zhang Hui-Zhen , Ning Zhi-Wei , Zhou Cheng-He
Published: July 2021

Objective:

A series of novel benzimidazole-incorporated naphthalimide derivatives were
designed and prepared in an effort to overcome the increasing antibiotic resistance.

Method:

The target novel benzimidazole-incorporated naphthalimide derivatives were synthesized
from commercial 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalic anhydride and o-phenylene diamine by aminolysis, Nalkylation
and so on. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro
by a two-fold serial dilution technique. The interaction of compound 10g with Salmonella typhimurium
DNA was studied using UV-vis spectroscopic methods.

Results:

Compound 10g bearing a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl moiety exhibited the best antimicrobial activities
in this series relatively; especially, it exhibited comparable activity against Salmonella typhimurium
in comparison with the reference drug Norfloxacin (MIC = 4 μg/mL). Further research
showed that compound 10g could effectively intercalate into the Salmonella typhimurium DNA to
form the 10g–DNA complex, which might correlate with the inhibitory activity. Molecular docking
results demonstrated that naphthalimide compound 10g could interact with base-pairs of DNA hexamer
duplex by π–π stacking. Additionally, the combination of the strong active compound with
clinical drugs exhibited better antimicrobial efficiency with less dosage and broader antimicrobial
spectrum than the separate use of them alone. Notably, these combined systems were more sensitive
to Fluconazole-insensitive M. ruber.

Conclusion:

This work provides a promising starting point to optimize the structures of benzimidazole-
incorporated naphthalimide derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents.
Efficacy of Diode Laser in Treating Oral Papilloma: A Case Report
Authors: A. da Cunha Wallena , Souza Ana M. A. , Pina Paulo S. S. , Azevedo Luciane H.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Oral squamous papilloma is the most common lesion caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). They are benign proliferation, often painless, and with cauliflower or verrucous appearance.

Objective:

The aim of this report is to describe a clinical case of oral squamous papilloma and its treatment with a high-intensity diode laser.

Case Presentation:

A 65-year-old female patient sought care at the Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), University of São Paulo, Brazil, complaining of growth of a soft tissue mass in the jugal mucosa. Based on these clinical characteristics and history, Papilloma was the initial clinical diagnosis of the lesion. Although the lesion was small in size, measuring approximately 0.5 cm, the diagnostic method used was biopsy, and for treatment, a high-intensity diode laser at a wavelength of 980 nm was used.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that Laser Therapy can be used by dental clinicians to treat these kinds of oral lesions and should be considered as an effective alternative to conventional surgery.
Target Gene Identification and sgRNA Design for Waterlogging Tolerance in Foxtail Millet via CRISPR-Based Transcriptional Activation
Authors: Abdullah Siti N.A. , Mayes Sean , Moradpour Mahdi
Published: July 2021

Background:

CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) uses non-functional Cas9 endonuclease
(dCas9) but retains the genome targeting ability through its single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). CRISPRa
is widely used as a gene activation system exploiting its ability in recruiting various transcriptional
activation domains (TADs) for enhancing expression of the target gene(s). Drought tolerant and
resource-efficient crops like millets have the potential for mitigating effects of climate change and
for enhancing food security.

Objective:

This study aimed to use the Setaria italica (foxtail millet) genome sequence in the identification
of a target gene and the subsequent generation of sgRNAs for use in CRISPRa for conferring
water logging tolerance that will benefit the future expansion of its cultivation area.

Methods and Results:

Leveraging existing RNA-seq data and information on functional studies in
model plants and from other cereal species, maize and barley, have enabled the identification of
candidate ERFVII from the foxtail millet genome sequence in the attempt to engineer water logging
tolerance. The study provides a step-by-step example for using publicly accessible databases and
bioinformatics tools from NCBI and Phytozome for the identification and characterization of the
ortholog from Setaria italica. Soft berry was used for promoter annotation to obtain the transcription
start site (TSS). Subsequently, CRISP-P 2.0 design tools were employed to generate and select a
few efficient sgRNAs for CRISPRa that minimize potentially deleterious off-target binding.

Conclusion:

The study is a useful example of how to advance in genomics research including the
revolutionizing CRISPR technology in Setaria italica, which can be adopted in other plant species,
through the utilization of the available genome sequence.
Green Hydrotropes-Assisted Route: An Alternative Approach for Extracting Phytoconstituents and Associated Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Tripathi Devika , Chaudhary Nandini , Wal Pranay , Rai Awani K. , Sahoo Jagannath
Published: July 2021

:

Critically challenging tasks for the researchers are isolating and extracting chief active
medicinal phytoconstituents from existing herbal plants. The intricate extraction process usually involves
active plant and animal portions separated by selective solvents through various standard
procedures. Therefore, most of the products contained the complex metabolites mixtures, making
the extraction process involved in separating these products increasingly tricky, thus resulting in
lesser yield. Therefore, an alternative strategy suitable for green extraction routes has recently succeeded
as a sustainable resource with many advantages like high solvency, low toxicity, and low
impact in the environment, biodegradable, and helps recycle consumed solvents without showing
any detrimental effects on the environment.

:

The process of green hydrotrope-assisted extraction process persists a novel and promising methodology
that maximizes the yield of phytoconstituents in comparison to the conventional extraction
process by the commissioning of a variety of hydrotropes like sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium
alkyl-benzene sulfonates, and sodium butyl mono-glycol sulfate, involved in selective extraction of
water-insoluble phytoconstituents by the disorganization of the phospholipid bilayers by the hydrotrope,
through cell permeabilization, disruption of the cellulosic cell wall and, then possibly the
dissolution of the cellular contents.

:

The central point of this audit is the increase of the surrender of phytoconstituents from herbal
plants accomplished by considering green hydrotropic-assisted extraction process, an assignment
of carrying out the extraction of herbal plants sanctioning hydrotropes and its component. Using hydrotropes
for extracting the phytoconstituents has imperatively highlighted the conveyance frameworks
of separated extricated phytoconstituents from herbal plants and encourages the forwarding
of their bioavailability at distinctive target destinations.