bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing novel NaLiTi3O7/g-C3N4Z-scheme photocatalysts to facilitate the separation of charge carriers and study the hydrogen production performance
Authors: Yan Pei-jin , Yuan Lang , Zhao Nan , Xie Ying , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2023

Binary NaLiTi3O7/g-C3N4semiconductor nanocomposites with different contents of g-C3N4were prepared by ball milling and thermal polymerization using titanium dioxide and melamine as initial raw materials. The photocatalytic hydrogen production performance was investigated.
Synthesis of a highly active core–shell Ni-MOF@CdS S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photoreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Ali Rai Nauman , Qureshi Waqar Ahmad , Naz Hina , Jiang Haopeng , Yaseen Maria , Yu Xiaohui , Liu Qinqin
Published: July 2023

An efficient Ni-MOF@CdS S-scheme heterojunction for the selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO.
Formic acid-promoted hydrodeoxygenation reactions over carbon encapsulated Co nanoparticles
Authors: Xiao Xuan , Wang Yanxin , Liu Bing , Zhang Zehui
Published: July 2023

It is challenging to use formic acid as a hydrogen donor for reduction reactions over heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts.
Functional micro-RNA drugs acting as a fate manipulator in the regulation of osteoblastic death
Authors: Cai Zhengwen , Liu Fengshuo , Li Yong , Bai Long , Feng Maogeng , Li Songhang , Ma Wenjuan , Shi Sirong
Published: July 2023

Osteoblastic death can be regulated by miRNAs. We propose a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure-based microRNA delivery system (Tmi) as an example of miRNA drugs application, which provides a new strategy for gene therapy in bone diseases.
Probing strongly exchange coupled magnetic behaviors in soft/hard Ni/CoFe2O4 core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Han J. K. , Baker A. A. , Lee J. R. I. , McCall S. K.
Published: July 2023

Exchange coupling in a model core–shell system is demonstrated as a step on the path to 3d exchange spring magnets.
p-TSA·H2O catalyzed metal-free and environmentally benign synthesis of 4-aryl quinolines from arylamine, arylacetylene, and dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Faraz Simra , Khan Abu Taleb
Published: July 2023

An environmentally benign and metal-free synthesis of 4-aryl quinolines is reported by employing readily available arylamine, arylacetylene, and DMSO in the presence of 20 mol% p-TSA·H2O.
Thermoresponsive polycations
Authors: Baddam Vikram , Tenhu Heikki
Published: July 2023

This review discusses the structural features of polycations, which make them thermoresponsive, showing either LCST or UCST behavior. The role of hydrophobic counter ions is of particular interest.
A novel, efficient and magnetically recyclable Cu–Ni bimetallic alloy nanoparticle as a highly active bifunctional catalyst for Pd-free Sonogashira and C–N cross-coupling reactions: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Nasseri Mohammad Ali , Shahabi Mansoore , Alavi G. Seyyedeh Ameneh , Allahresani Ali
Published: July 2023

In this study, a Fe3O4@SiO2@Cyt-Ni/Cu nanocomposite as a novel heterogeneous bimetallic catalyst was synthesized which exhibits efficient performance for the Sonogashira and C–N cross-coupling reactions.
Unexpected enhancement of pH-stability in Au3+/Ag+ loaded H-bonded layer-by-layer thin films
Authors: Pomeraniec Altieri Nicolás , Coria-Oriundo Lucy L. , Angelomé Paula C. , Battaglini Fernando , Martínez Ricci María Luz , Méndez De Leo Lucila P.
Published: July 2023

Loading H-bonded layer-by-layer thin films with Au3+ enhances the pH-stability.
A single crystal derived precursor for improving the performance of CsSnI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sun Qiang , Gu Anjie , Yu Haixuan , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: July 2023

This study reports a single crystal derived precursor for preparing high-quality CsSnI3 thin films with low defect density. As a result, the CsSnI3 solar cells achieved an excellent PCE of 6.53% with enhanced stability.
Substrate-dependent spin crossover in an Fe(ii) scorpionate complex
Authors: Pénicaud Margaux , Martinez Edoardo , Serrano Giulia , Cortigiani Brunetto , Squillantini Lorenzo , González-Estefan Juan H. , Velez-Fort Emilio , Duttine Mathieu , Gonidec Mathieu , Rosa Patrick , Mannini Matteo , Poggini Lorenzo
Published: July 2023

A new spin-crossover complex based on a heteroscorpionate ligand was synthesized and characterized.
Telling Stories in Noise: The Impact of Background Noises on Spoken Language for People With Aphasia
Authors: Nelson Brenna Scadden , Harmon Tyson G. , Dromey Christopher , Clawson Kirsten Dixon
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine how different background noise conditions affect the spoken language of participants with aphasia during a story retell task.

Method:

Participants included 11 adults with mild to moderate aphasia and 11 age- and gender-matched controls. Participants retold stories in a silent baseline and five background noise conditions (conversation, monologue, phone call, cocktail, and pink noise). Dependent measures of speech acoustics (fundamental frequency and mean intensity), speech fluency (speech rate and disfluent words), and language production (correct information units [CIUs], lexical errors, lexical diversity, and cohesive utterances) were compared between groups and across conditions.

Results:

Background noise resulted in higher fundamental frequency (
f
o
) and increased mean intensity for control participants across all noise conditions but only across some conditions for participants with aphasia. In relation to language production, background noise interfered significantly more with communication efficiency (i.e., percent CIUs) for participants with aphasia than the control group. For participants with aphasia, the phone call condition led to decreased lexical diversity. Across groups, condition effects generally suggested more interference on speech acoustics in conditions where continuous noise was present and more interference on language in conditions that presented continuous informational noise.

Conclusions:

Although additional research is needed, preliminary findings suggest that background noise interferes with narrative discourse more for people with aphasia (PWA) than neurologically healthy adults. PWA may benefit from therapy that directly addresses communicating in noise.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23681703
Efficacy of Aphasia Group Conversation Treatment via Telepractice on Language and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Dunne Madeline , Hoover Elizabeth , DeDe Gayle
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Conversation treatment for people with aphasia (PwA) can lead to significant changes in language impairment and quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the greater use of telepractice treatment delivery. However, there is little evidence regarding the efficacy of telepractice conversation groups. This study investigated the effects of telepractice group conversation treatment on standardized measures of language function and socially oriented/patient-reported outcomes compared to in-person and no-treatment control data.

Method:

This study used a mixed within- and between-groups design (repeated measure/pre–post treatment), with a single-subject delayed treatment design (Shadish & Rindskopf, 2007) to establish baseline, pretreatment, and posttreatment periods for the telepractice group. Telepractice results pre- and posttreatment were compared with historical in-person and no-treatment control data obtained from a larger randomized control trial (RCT) from DeDe et al. (2019). The historical comparison data were a subset of RCT participants from the same location and included six in-person participants and seven no-treatment control group participants.

Results:

Results of standardized testing conducted at baseline, pretreatment, and posttreatment intervals revealed significant improvement from pre- to posttreatment on repetition and picture description tasks for the telepractice group, and significant improvement from pre- to posttreatment on the Aphasia Communication Outcome Measure, total number of relevant utterances, and percentage of complete utterances for the in-person conversation group. No significant differences were observed in the no-treatment groups.

Conclusions:

In contrast to the no-treatment condition, both the in-person and telepractice conditions showed the benefits of conversation group treatment. The in-person treatment condition showed improvements in a wider number of outcome measures than the telepractice condition. Overall, the results prompt further research regarding telepractice group conversation treatment for PwA.
LiteCCLKNet: A lightweight criss‐cross large kernel convolutional neural network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Zhong Chengcheng , Gong Na , Zhang Zitong , Jiang Yanan , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2023

High‐performance convolutional neural networks (CNNs) stack many convolutional layers to obtain powerful feature extraction capability, which leads to huge storing and computational costs. The authors focus on lightweight models for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, so a novel lightweight criss‐cross large kernel convolutional neural network (LiteCCLKNet) is proposed. Specifically, a lightweight module containing two 1D convolutions with self‐attention mechanisms in orthogonal directions is presented. By setting large kernels within the 1D convolutional layers, the proposed module can efficiently aggregate long‐range contextual features. In addition, the authors effectively obtain a global receptive field by stacking only two of the proposed modules. Compared with traditional lightweight CNNs, LiteCCLKNet reduces the number of parameters for easy deployment to resource‐limited platforms. Experimental results on three HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed LiteCCLKNet outperforms the previous lightweight CNNs and has higher storage efficiency.
Stability and steady state analysis of mode lock state of medium coupled microwave oscillators
Authors: Hasheminasab Marayam , Cheldavi Ahmed , Tayarani Majid , Kishk Ahmed A.
Published: July 2023

Coupled microwave oscillators could be potentially considered a good replacement for the feed network of frequency‐diverse arrays. However, previous studies showed that the stability region for a mutually weak‐coupled oscillator array in the Mode Lock State (MLS) is too small to be practical. Besides, by increasing the coupling strength or reducing the initial natural frequency of the oscillators, the current analytical methods lose their accuracy. The final steady‐state and dynamic of a non‐linear Van‐der‐Pol medium‐coupled oscillator array in the MLS is investigated. By using the Kuramoto Model results in analysing the biological cells, an alternative approach is suggested and investigated in the entrainment region for the mode‐locked microwave oscillator array. This approach is accurate even for medium‐coupled oscillator arrays, where the locking range to the beat frequency ratio is greater than 0.1. The stability of the oscillator in this region is investigated by imposing some perturbations in the form of phase noise on the initial signals. Also, the optimum initial condition to design large arrays is investigated using the analysis results. In the described initial conditions for small beat frequencies, the simulation results show that the stability region is much greater than the large beat frequency region. This capability initiates a new practical approach for implementing Frequency Diverse Arrays.
An antenna subset selection algorithm in distributed MIMO radar for target localization via convolutional neural network
Authors: Yan Yingfei , Tao Haihong , Su Jia
Published: July 2023

Since the distributed MIMO radar (DMR) has widely spread transmitters and receivers, it can provide higher target detection probability, as well as superior target tracking and localization performance than the monostatic/bistatic radar systems. An effective radar resource allocation scheme can optimise the DMR system parameter and obtain better system performance. In this paper, a critical but limited system resource is optimised, that is, select a subset of the active radar antennas. In this scenario, the convolutional neural network of the antenna subset selection for target localization (LCNN‐ASS) algorithm in the DMR is proposed based on two free switching policies. The proposed algorithm is immune to the failure of a single policy and selects antenna subsets from the entire sets with a remarkable computational speed. Therefore, the proposed algorithm increases the flexibility of resource scheduling over traditional algorithms. Simulation experiments and performance analysis demonstrate the localization performance and flexibility of the LCNN‐ASS algorithm.
Three is the magic number: Distance measurement of NGC 3147 using SN 2021hpr and its siblings
Authors: Barna B. , Nagy A. P. , Bora Zs. , Czavalinga D. R. , Könyves-Tóth R. , Szalai T. , Székely P. , Zsíros Sz. , Bánhidi D. , Bíró I. B. , Csányi I. , Kriskovics L. , Pál A. , Szabó Zs. M. , Szakáts R. , Vida K. , Bodola Zs. , Vinkó J.
Published: July 2023

Context. The nearby spiral galaxy NGC 3147 hosted three Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the past decades that have been the subjects of intense follow-up observations. Simultaneous analysis of their data provides a unique opportunity for testing different methods of light curve fitting and distance estimation.

Aims. The detailed optical follow-up of SN 2021hpr allows us to revise the previous distance estimations to NGC 3147 and compare the widely used light curve fitting algorithms to each other. After the combination of the available and newly published data of SN 2021hpr, its physical properties can also be estimated with higher accuracy.

Methods. We present and analyse new BV griz and Swift photometry of SN 2021hpr to constrain its general physical properties. Together with its siblings, SNe 1997bq and 2008fv, we cross-compared the individual distance estimates of these three SNe given by the Spectral Adaptive Lightcurve Template (SALT) code, and we also checked their consistency with the results from the Multi-Color Light Curve Shape (MLCS) code. The early spectral series of SN 2021hpr was also fit with the radiative spectral code TARDIS to verify the explosion properties and constrain the chemical distribution of the outer ejecta.

Results. After combining the distance estimates for the three SNe, the mean distance to their host galaxy, NGC 3127, is 42.5 ± 1.0 Mpc, which matches with the distance inferred by the most up-to-date light curve fitters, SALT3 and BayeSN. We confirm that SN 2021hpr is a Branch-normal Type Ia SN that ejected ~1.12 ± 0.28 M⊙ from its progenitor white dwarf and synthesized ~0.44 ± 0.14 M⊙ of radioactive 56Ni.
Retrospective Analysis of Thromboelastography-Directed Transfusion in Isolated CABG: Impact on Blood Product Use, Cost, and Outcomes
Authors: Redfern Roberta E. , Naimy Gabriel , Kuehne Michael , Fleming Kevin , Bobulski Nathan , Chen John T. , Moront Michael G.
Published: July 2023

Cardiac surgeries account for approximately 20% of blood use in the United States. Allogeneic transfusion has been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, further justifying the need to reduce blood use. This study aimed at determining whether a point-of-care coagulation test, thromboelastography (TEG), impacted blood product administration and outcomes. Patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were retrospectively reviewed before the use of TEG (2008–2009) (n = 640) and after implementation (2011–2012) (n = 458). Blood product use was compared between time frames. Logistic regression and generalized linear models were created to estimate the impact on outcomes including the reoperation rate, mortality, and cost. The mean use of each blood product was significantly reduced in the perioperative period. Overall blood product use was decreased by over 40%. Mediastinal re-exploration of bleeding was significantly reduced with TEG (4.8 vs. 1.5%). Six-month mortality was not impacted in this cohort nor was the readmission rate or hospital length of stay. However, blood cost and patient charges were significantly lower after TEG was introduced. The use of TEG to guide the administration of blood products during isolated CABG significantly affected the amounts and types of products given intra- and perioperatively. This resulted in less chest tube drainage, fewer returns to the operating room, and more accurate diagnosis of coagulopathic status. Cost savings to the patient and institution were appreciated as a consequence of these improved clinical outcomes.
Update und Trends bei der plastisch-chirurgischen Brustrekonstruktion
nach Mastektomie
Authors: Supper Paul , Semmler Lorenz , Placheta-Györi Eva , Teufelsbauer Maryana , Harik-Chraim Elissa , Radtke Christine
Published: July 2023

Dank der Verfeinerung der Operationstechniken ist die autologe
Brustrekonstruktion inzwischen Teil der Standardversorgung geworden. Die
Beratung der Patientinnen ist aufgrund der Erweiterung der onkologischen
Möglichkeiten zur Mastektomie, Brusterhalt und Strahlentherapie und der
Vielzahl der rekonstruktiven Techniken schwieriger geworden. Ziel der
Rekonstruktion ist es, tumorzellfreie Resektionsränder und ein
langfristig ästhetisch zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis mit hoher
Lebensqualität für die Patientin zu erreichen. Bei der
sofortigen Rekonstruktion ermöglicht die hautsparende oder sogar
mamillensparende Mastektomie den Erhalt der Brusthaut und ihrer
natürlichen Form, welches das mit der Mastektomie verbundene
psychologische Trauma deutlich verringert. Jedoch weisen sekundäre
Rekonstruktionen oft eine höhere Zufriedenheit auf, da hier seitens der
Patientinnen nach erlebter Formveränderung keine Restitutio ad integrum
angenommen wird. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die
aktuellen Möglichkeiten der Brustrekonstruktion und eine Betrachtung der
Patientinnen-Zufriedenheit und Lebensqualität nach einer
Brustrekonstruktion. Obwohl die meisten Patientinnen und Chirurg*innen
nach wie vor die sofortige Rekonstruktion bevorzugen, scheint eine
Verzögerung der Rekonstruktion die klinischen oder von den Patientinnen
berichteten Ergebnisse nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Zu den neuesten
Verfeinerungen der chirurgischen Techniken und der autologen Brustrekonstruktion
gehören „stacked-flaps“, sowie mikrochirurgische
Nervenkoaptation zur Wiederherstellung der Sensibilität, welche zu einer
Verbesserung des Ergebnisses und der Lebensqualität führen.
Heterologe, d. h. Implantat basierte, Brustrekonstruktion und autologe
Brustrekonstruktion sind mittlerweile komplementäre Techniken. Neue
Techniken wie die hautsparende und mamillensparende Mastektomie, begleitet von
verbesserter Implantatqualität, ermöglichen heutzutage eine
risikoarme sofortige prothetische Brustrekonstruktion mit präpektoraler
Implantatlage. Die Wahl der Brustrekonstruktion ist abhängig von der Art
der Mastektomie, etwaiger Bestrahlung, individuellen Risikofaktoren, dem Habitus
und den Wünschen der Patientin. Insgesamt führen die neuerlichen
Entwicklungen in der Brustrekonstruktion zu einer Erhöhung der
Patientinnen-Zufriedenheit, Lebensqualität, des ästhetischen
Ergebnisses unter onkologischer Sicherheit.
Psychopathologie ehemaliger DDR-Leistungssportler*innen im
Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Buhrmann Simon-Friedrich , Klauer Thomas , Buhrmann Jochen-Friedrich , Grabe Hans Jörgen
Published: July 2023

Ziel der Studie  Das Wissen über die Folgen des
Staatsdopings in der DDR ist gering. Es wird die Hypothese untersucht, dass die
damaligen prekären Trainingsbedingungen sich bis heute negativ auf die
psychische Gesundheit der ehemaligen Leistungssportler*innen auswirken.

Methodik  Mittels Fragebögen zur psychischen
Symptomatik sowie möglichen Risiko- bzw. Schutzfaktoren wurde zwischen
ehemaligen DDR-Leistungssportler*innen und einer unselektierten
Stichprobe aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung (SHIP-LEGENDE) eine
Fall-Kontroll-Studie durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse  Auf allen
untersuchten Skalen konnten signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Der
Großteil der betroffenen Sportler*innen wies eine klinisch
relevante psychische Belastung auf. Exemplarisch hierfür ist eine
ausgeprägte depressive Symptomatik (BDI-II) bei 65,19% der
Betroffenen.

Schlussfolgerungen  Vermutlich führten
Leistungsdruck, Doping und Missbrauch im Leistungssport zu einer bis heute
messbaren Steigerung der Symptombelastung und der Vulnerabilität.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Neonatal Pain Management Research From
2010 to 2022
Authors: Liao Ling , Wang Ying ying , Cao Ying , Tan Min
Published: July 2023

Background Research related to neonatal pain management has received
increasing attention in recent years. Effective pain management contributes to
the maintenance of the healthy physical and mental growth of the newborn. To
better understand this research topic, we analyzed the current state of
development in this field over the past thirteen years by bibliometric analysis
and provide directions for future research.

Methods Original articles were collected from the Web of Science Core
Collection (WoSCC) between January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022, the title and
abstract clearly stating ‘neonatal pain management’ or its
alternative search keywords. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and the WoS analysis tool
were used to analyze and present the data.

Results A total of 967 articles met the inclusion criteria. Significant
growth of the number of publications increased roughly fourfold from 2010 to
2022. Overall, the United States and Canada were the highest contributors to
neonatal pain management research. Weak cooperation was observed in
international research (developing and developed countries) and
cross-institutional cooperation. Neonatal pain-related research was the most
common focus. Pain education and interventions for parents and medical personnel
have also received increasing attention recently.

Conclusion The current study revealed that research in terms of
publications on neonatal pain management has rapidly increased for more than the
past ten years. Developed countries, especially the United States and Canada,
were more concerned with this topic than developing countries. More
international research and cross-institutional cooperation are required to
promote the development of neonatal pain medicine in the future.
Interinstitutionelle Kooperation der Jugendhilfe, der Kinder- und
Jugendlichenpsychiatrie und der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie – Eine empirische
Untersuchung
Authors: Klein Fabian , Möllerherm Julia , Holtmann Martin , Kronmüller Klaus-Thomas
Published: July 2023

Hilfen für Familien mit einem psychisch erkrankten Mitglied werden in
Deutschland durch ein Konglomerat verschiedenster Hilfesysteme angeboten. Um die
Vernetzung und Kooperation dieser interinstitutionellen Hilfesysteme zu
verbessern ist es wichtig, ein vertieftes Verständnis über die
bestehenden Kooperationsstrukturen zu erlangen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden
unterschiedliche qualitative und quantitative Aspekte mittels eines Fragebogens
bei Teilnehmenden aus verschiedenen Hilfesystemen erhoben und analysiert. Die
Ergebnisse weisen insbesondere auf die aktuell bestehende Sonderrolle der
Erwachsenenpsychiatrie hin.
Selection of Standards for Sonographic Fetal Head Circumference by Use of z-Scores
Authors: Combs C. Andrew , Rosario Amber del , Balogun Olaide Ashimi , Bowman Zachary S. , Amara Sushma
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate which of five established norms should be used for sonographic assessment of fetal head circumference (HC).

Study Design Cross-sectional study using pooled data from four maternal–fetal medicine practices. Inclusion criteria were singleton fetus, gestational age 220/7 to 396/7 weeks, biometry measured, and fetal cardiac activity present. Five norms of HC were studied: Jeanty et al, Hadlock et al, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project (IG-21st), the World Health Organization Fetal Growth Curves (WHO), and the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies unified standard (NICHD-U). The fit of our HC measurements to each norm was assessed by these criteria: mean z-score close to 0, standard deviation (SD) of z close to 1, low Kolmogorov–Smirnov D-statistic, high Youden J-statistic, close to 10% of exams >90th percentile, close to 10% of exams <10th percentile, and close to 2.28% of exams >2 SD below the mean.

Results In 23,565 ultrasound exams, our HC measurements had the best fit to the WHO standard (mean z-score 0.10, SD of z = 1.01, D-statistic <0.01, J-statistic 0.83–0.94). The SD of the Jeanty reference was much larger than all the other norms and our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of abnormal HC. The means of the IG-21st and NICHD-U standards were smaller than the other norms and our measurements, resulting in underdiagnosis of small HC. The means of the Hadlock reference were larger than all the other norms and our measurements, resulting in overdiagnosis of small HC. Restricting the analysis to a low-risk subgroup of 4,423 exams without risk factors for large- or small-for-gestational age produced similar results.

Conclusion The WHO standard is likely best for diagnosis of abnormal HC. The Jeanty (Chervenak) reference suggested by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine had poor sensitivity for microcephaly screening.

Key Points
Cost-utility analysis of real-time artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy in Italy
Authors: Hassan Cesare , Povero Massimiliano , Pradelli Lorenzo , Spadaccini Marco , Repici Alessandro
Published: July 2023

Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy has proven to be effective compared with colonoscopy alone in an average-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the cost-utility of GI GENIUS, the first marketed real-time AI system in an Italian high-risk population.

Methods A 1-year cycle cohort Markov model was developed to simulate the disease evolution of a cohort of Italian individuals positive on fecal immunochemical test (FIT), aged 50 years, undergoing colonoscopy with or without the AI system. Adenoma or colorectal cancer (CRC) were identified according to detection rates specific for each technique. Costs were estimated from the Italian National Health Service perspective.

Results Colonoscopy+AI system was dominant with respect to standard
colonoscopy. The GI GENIUS system prevented 155 CRC cases (–2.7%), 77 CRC-related deaths
(–2.8%), and improved quality of life (+0.027 QALY) with respect to colonoscopy alone. The
increase in screening cost (+€10.50) and care for adenoma (+€3.53) was offset by the savings
in cost of care for CRC (–€28.37), leading to a total savings of €14.34 per patient.
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed the cost-efficacy of the AI system (almost 80%
probability).

Conclusions The implementation of AI detection tools in colonoscopy after patients test FIT-positive seems to be a cost-saving strategy for preventing CRC incidence and mortality.
Mechanosynthesis of Fullerotetrahydroquinolines by Copper-Mediated sp3 C–H Functionalization of N,N-Dimethylanilines with [60]Fullerene
Authors: Wang Guan-Wu , Yang Huan , Ye Shi-Qi , Shao Gang , Chen Jun-Shen
Published: July 2023

An efficient mechanochemical copper-mediated coupling reaction of [60]fullerene with para- or meta-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines under solvent-free and ambient conditions has been developed. The present protocol provides N-methylfullerotetrahydroquinolines containing electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring in a short reaction time and at room temperature. This reaction occurs through copper-mediated sp3 C–H functionalization of N,N-dimethylanilines under ball-milling conditions. In addition, a representative fullerotetrahydroquinoline has been applied in a perovskite solar cell device.
Anti-inflammatory strategies for hepatic encephalopathy: preclinical studies
Authors: Santos Rafaela Pinto Coelho , Toscano Eliana Cristina de Brito , Rachid Milene Alvarenga
Published: July 2023

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a potentially reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome. Often, HE causes cognitive and motor dysfunctions due to an acute or chronic insufficiency of the liver or a shunting between the hepatic portal vein and systemic vasculature. Liver damage induces peripheral changes, such as in the metabolism and peripheral inflammatory responses that trigger exacerbated neuroinflammation. In experimental models, anti-inflammatory strategies have demonstrated neuroprotective effects, leading to a reduction in HE-related cognitive and motor impairments. In this scenario, a growing body of evidence has shown that peripheral and central nervous system inflammation are promising preclinical targets. In this review, we performed an overview of FDA-approved drugs and natural compounds which are used in the treatment of other neurological and nonneurological diseases that have played a neuroprotective role in experimental HE, at least in part, through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Despite the exciting results from animal models, the available data should be critically interpreted, highlighting the importance of translating the findings for clinical essays.
SARS-CoV-2 Genome Structure, Pathogenesis, Issues, and Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis
Authors: Nath Gopal , Pandey Sanjay K. , Kumar Nishant , Gupta Munesh Kumar
Published: July 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disease is an enveloped virus, showing genome similarity with bat coronavirus. This virus initially infects the upper respiratory tract, with subsequent spread to the lower respiratory tract. Despite the availability of antigen and antibody detection methods, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic test of choice for this novel coronaviral infection. Care must be taken while interpreting the RT-PCR results, as single RT-PCR, especially in early days of infection, maybe false negative. The availability of cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test has improved the diagnostic facilities in a peripheral setting of developing countries.
Management of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: Blanco Isabel , Hernández-González Fernanda , García Agustín , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Barberà Joan A.
Published: July 2023

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic lung diseases, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and especially in advanced disease. It is associated with greater mortality and worse clinical course. Given the high prevalence of some respiratory disorders and because lung parenchymal abnormalities might be present in other PH groups, the appropriate diagnosis of PH associated with respiratory disease represents a clinical challenge. Patients with chronic lung disease presenting symptoms that exceed those expected by the pulmonary disease should be further evaluated by echocardiography. Confirmatory right heart catheterization is indicated in candidates to surgical treatments, suspected severe PH potentially amenable with targeted therapy, and, in general, in those conditions where the result of the hemodynamic assessment will determine treatment options. The treatment of choice for these patients who are hypoxemic is long-term oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation to improve symptoms. Lung transplant is the only curative therapy and can be considered in appropriate cases. Conventional vasodilators or drugs approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are not recommended in patients with mild-to-moderate PH because they may impair gas exchange and their lack of efficacy shown in randomized controlled trials. Patients with severe PH (as defined by pulmonary vascular resistance >5 Wood units) should be referred to a center with expertise in PH and lung diseases and ideally included in randomized controlled trials. Targeted PAH therapy might be considered in this subset of patients, with careful monitoring of gas exchange. In patients with ILD, inhaled treprostinil has been shown to improve functional ability and to delay clinical worsening.
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Contralateral Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Medium-to-Large (≥15kg) Breed Dogs 8 Years of Age or Older
Authors: Murphy Christina L. , Niles Jacqui , Radasch Robert M.
Published: July 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of contralateral cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) in dogs 8 years of age or older, weighing more than or equal to 15 kg at the time of first-side CCLR and to assess associated risks.

Study Design It is a cross-sectional retrospective study of 831 client-owned dogs

Methods Medical records of dogs weighing more than or equal to 15 kgs that were more than or equal to 8 years of age at the time of first CCLR diagnosis were reviewed. Data collected included weight, sex, pre-operative tibial plateau angle, co-morbidities, time between diagnosis of first CCLR and diagnosis of contralateral CCLR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio. A median follow-up period of over 112.7 months (25th/75th quartiles 75.4/157.7 months) from first CCLR diagnosis was allotted.

Results Eight-hundred thirty-one dogs were identified and included. About 19.1% (159/831 dogs, 95% confidence interval: 16.6–22.0%) of dogs that experience a first-side CCLR at 8 years of age or older will rupture the contralateral side, a median of 12.9 months (25th/75th quartiles 6.5/24.3 months) later. Age (p = 0.003) and breed, Golden Retrievers (p = 0.028) and Labrador Retrievers (p = 0.007), were factors significantly associated with contralateral CCLR.

Clinical Relevance The prevalence of contralateral CCLR in medium-to-large breed dogs more than or equal to 8 years of age old is less than previously reported and the risk decreases as they age. This important information will help guide owners when deciding to pursue surgical stifle stabilization following CCLR in older dogs.
A look at adaptive systems from biology to machine learning
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: July 2023

An interdisciplinary perspective analyzes how adaptivity is studied and applied in various scientific fields.
Computational understanding and prediction of 8-electron half-Heusler compounds with unusual suppressed phonon conduction
Authors: Zhu Jianbo , Xie Liangjun , Ti Zhuoyang , Li Jingyu , Guo Muchun , Zhang Xuemei , Liu Peng-Fei , Tao Lingling , Liu Zihang , Zhang Yongsheng , Sui Jiehe
Published: July 2023

The conventional thinking of designing materials with low lattice thermal conductivity κL is usually associated with chemical and structural complexity. Here, we proposed a new strategy for establishing the interaction strength between the nested cation and the anionic framework as a control knob for tuning κL in two orders of magnitude in isostructural half-Heusler compounds. A synthesized cubic and light-weight 8-electron half-Heusler compound, namely, MgCuSb, exhibits glass-like thermal conductivity in both magnitude and temperature dependence that seems to contradict common understanding while common 18-electron counterparts are known for high κL. Our studies reveal that both the native strong anharmonicity induced by the tension effect of atomic filling and a low-energy shearing vibration mode triggered by weak Mg–Cu bonding are responsible for the unusual suppressed phonon conduction in MgCuSb. Finally, an analytic model is constructed by machine learning method to predict phonon conduction of both 8- and 18-electron half-Heusler compounds in a unified way, which demonstrates that the interaction between cations and anions is universal by means of adjusting the thermal conductivity of this material family.
Temperature and composition dependence of thermophysical properties within a wide temperature range for ternary Si–Ge–Ag alloys
Authors: Chen H. M. , Li G. X. , Zhao J. F. , Wang H. P.
Published: July 2023

The thermophysical properties of Si–Ge–Ag alloys in a broad temperature range are essential for the design of electronic devices. In this work, relationships between specific heat, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity and temperature, as well as chemical composition of Si–Ge–Ag alloys were clarified. Moreover, various thermophysical properties’ prediction strategies of multicomponent alloys from pure elements were evaluated. The specific heat of Ag–Si, Ag–Ge, Si–Ge, and Si–Ge–Ag alloys was determined by the differential scanning method. The results showed a significant increase with rising temperature at low temperatures followed by a gradual rise at high temperatures. The specific heat reached the maximum value when a small amount of Si/Ge was introduced to Ag. The coefficient of thermal expansion was obtained by a dilatometric method and increased slightly with the increasing temperature, while decreased linearly with the increase in the Si/Ge content. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was investigated via a laser flash apparatus. It decreased with rising temperature when the Ag content is smaller than 50%, whereas it increased with rising temperature when the Ag content exceeds 50%. The thermal conductivity of Si–Ge alloys decreased with rising temperature and reached the local minimum for Si–Ge alloys with an equiatomic ratio of Si and Ge. More importantly, the experimental results reveal that the thermal expansion that is related to volume can be estimated approximately by pure metals in Si–Ge–Ag alloys. However, this rule cannot be applied to specific heat and thermal conductivity, which is due to the influence of lattice vibration, electronic scattering, and microstructure.
Perspectives on adaptive dynamical systems
Authors: Sawicki Jakub , Berner Rico , Loos Sarah A. M. , Anvari Mehrnaz , Bader Rolf , Barfuss Wolfram , Botta Nicola , Brede Nuria , Franović Igor , Gauthier Daniel J. , Goldt Sebastian , Hajizadeh Aida , Hövel Philipp , Karin Omer , Lorenz-Spreen Philipp , Miehl Christoph , Mölter Jan , Olmi Simona , Schöll Eckehard , Seif Alireza , Tass Peter A. , Volpe Giovanni , Yanchuk Serhiy , Kurths Jürgen
Published: July 2023

Adaptivity is a dynamical feature that is omnipresent in nature, socio-economics, and technology. For example, adaptive couplings appear in various real-world systems, such as the power grid, social, and neural networks, and they form the backbone of closed-loop control strategies and machine learning algorithms. In this article, we provide an interdisciplinary perspective on adaptive systems. We reflect on the notion and terminology of adaptivity in different disciplines and discuss which role adaptivity plays for various fields. We highlight common open challenges and give perspectives on future research directions, looking to inspire interdisciplinary approaches.
Tutorial: Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of β-Ga2O3 thin films, alloys, and heterostructures
Authors: Bhuiyan A. F. M. Anhar Uddin , Feng Zixuan , Meng Lingyu , Zhao Hongping
Published: July 2023

β-phase gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an emerging ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor with a bandgap energy of ∼ 4.8 eV and a predicted high critical electric field strength of ∼8 MV/cm, enabling promising applications in next generation high power electronics and deep ultraviolet optoelectronics. The advantages of Ga2O3 also stem from its availability of single crystal bulk native substrates synthesized from melt, and its well-controllable n-type doping from both bulk growth and thin film epitaxy. Among several thin film growth methods, metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been demonstrated as an enabling technology for developing high-quality epitaxy of Ga2O3 thin films, (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys, and heterostructures along various crystal orientations and with different phases. This tutorial summarizes the recent progresses in the epitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 thin films via different growth methods, with a focus on the growth of Ga2O3 and its compositional alloys by MOCVD. The challenges for the epitaxial development of β-Ga2O3 are discussed, along with the opportunities of future works to enhance the state-of-the-art device performance based on this emerging UWBG semiconductor material system.
A fully automatized method for the unambiguous wavelength-by-wavelength determination of the thickness and optical property of a very thin film with a transparent range
Authors: Maudet Florian , Dijck Charlotte Van , Raza Muhammad Hamid , Dubourdieu Catherine
Published: July 2023

Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a powerful method with high surface sensitivity that can be used to monitor the growth of even sub-monolayer films. However, analysis of ultrathin films is complicated by the correlation between the dielectric constant and thickness. This problem is usually resolved by fixing one or the other value, limiting the information that can be extracted. Here, we propose a method to determine unambiguously the refractive index, extinction coefficient, and thickness of a film when a transparent range is available in the energy range investigated. We decompose the analysis in three steps. First, the thickness of the film is determined from the transparent range of the film. Then, knowing the thickness of the layer, an initial estimation of the refractive index and extinction coefficient is made based on a first-order Taylor expansion of the ellipsometric ratio. Finally, using this estimation, a numerical iteration is done to ensure convergence of the fit toward the solution. A theoretical example of the method is given for two different thicknesses of TiO2 films. Finally, the method is applied to the experimental data measured during the atomic layer deposition of a thin film of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 grown on Si. The thickness, refractive index, and extinction coefficient are retrieved with high precision (respectively, 0.01 and 0.002) in the energy range of 3.5–6.5 eV. A detailed analysis is presented on the accuracy of the retrieved values and their dependency on random and systematic errors for different energy ranges.
Enhanced thermal ablation via an acoustic vortex with a large focal region
Authors: Guo Shifang , Ya Zhen , Wu Pengying , Li Yan , Lu Shukuan , Zhang Lei , Wan Mingxi
Published: July 2023

Focused ultrasound ablation provides a truly noninvasive tumor treatment option with clinically proven feasibility and safety. However, the frequently required long treatment duration hinders its clinical applicability. In this work, we compared the thermal ablation induced by conventional focused ultrasound (cFUS), split-focus ultrasound (sFUS), and acoustic vortex (AV) in tissue phantoms containing phase-change nanodroplets and mouse tumors. The results indicated that AV could substantially enhance the thermal ablation efficiency compared with cFUS, which was attributed to the larger focal region in the former. Additionally, the ablation region appeared as a unique cylindrical area with a smaller length-to-width ratio in AV than that in cFUS. Though the efficiency could also be improved in sFUS compared with cFUS, the ablation region was irregular and non-ablated tissues were present. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that the tumor volume decreased faster and the mice survived longer after AV treatment compared with cFUS. The cavitation activity was also found to be more intense in AV ablation. The proposed method may solve the general issue of low efficiency often observed in cFUS ablation and further promote the development of other ultrasound treatments.
Dynamical Abelian anyons with bound states and scattering states
Authors: Bachmann Sven , Nachtergaele Bruno , Vadnerkar Siddharth
Published: July 2023

We introduce a family of quantum spin Hamiltonians on Z2 that can be regarded as perturbations of Kitaev’s Abelian quantum double models that preserve the gauge and duality symmetries of these models. We analyze in detail the sector with one electric charge and one magnetic flux and show that the spectrum in this sector consists of both bound states and scattering states of Abelian anyons. Concretely, we have defined a family of lattice models in which Abelian anyons arise naturally as finite-size quasi-particles with non-trivial dynamics that consist of a charge-flux pair. In particular, the anyons exhibit a non-trivial holonomy with a quantized phase, consistent with the gauge and duality symmetries of the Hamiltonian.
Assessment of DFT functionals for a minimal nitrogenase [Fe(SH)4H]− model employing state-of-the-art ab initio methods
Authors: Vysotskiy Victor P. , Torbjörnsson Magne , Jiang Hao , Larsson Ernst D. , Cao Lili , Ryde Ulf , Zhai Huanchen , Lee Seunghoon , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic
Published: July 2023

We have designed a [Fe(SH)4H]− model with the fifth proton binding either to Fe or S. We show that the energy difference between these two isomers (∆E) is hard to estimate with quantum-mechanical (QM) methods. For example, different density functional theory (DFT) methods give ∆E estimates that vary by almost 140 kJ/mol, mainly depending on the amount of exact Hartree–Fock included (0%–54%). The model is so small that it can be treated by many high-level QM methods, including coupled-cluster (CC) and multiconfigurational perturbation theory approaches. With extrapolated CC series (up to fully connected coupled-cluster calculations with singles, doubles, and triples) and semistochastic heat-bath configuration interaction methods, we obtain results that seem to be converged to full configuration interaction results within 5 kJ/mol. Our best result for ∆E is 101 kJ/mol. With this reference, we show that M06 and B3LYP-D3 give the best results among 35 DFT methods tested for this system. Brueckner doubles coupled cluster with perturbaitve triples seems to be the most accurate coupled-cluster approach with approximate triples. CCSD(T) with Kohn–Sham orbitals gives results within 4–11 kJ/mol of the extrapolated CC results, depending on the DFT method. Single-reference CC calculations seem to be reasonably accurate (giving an error of ∼5 kJ/mol compared to multireference methods), even if the D1 diagnostic is quite high (0.25) for one of the two isomers.
Exploring nonlinear dynamics and network structures in Kuramoto systems using machine learning approaches
Authors: Song Je Ung , Choi Kwangjong , Oh Soo Min , Kahng B.
Published: July 2023

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have facilitated its application to a wide range of systems, from complex to quantum. Reservoir computing algorithms have proven particularly effective for studying nonlinear dynamical systems that exhibit collective behaviors, such as synchronizations and chaotic phenomena, some of which still remain unclear. Here, we apply ML approaches to the Kuramoto model to address several intriguing problems, including identifying the transition point and criticality of a hybrid synchronization transition, predicting future chaotic behaviors, and understanding network structures from chaotic patterns. Our proposed method also has further implications, such as inferring the structure of neural networks from electroencephalogram signals. This study, finally, highlights the potential of ML approaches for advancing our understanding of complex systems.