bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation of channel processes
Authors: Shokirov B , Norkulov B , Nishanbaev Kh , Khurazbaev M , Nazarov B
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the results of numerical studies of flow movement with a sharp change in the channel parameters. The numerical study of the flow in the channels and rivers creates the possibility of a multivariate forecast of channel processes, rivers, and requires minimal expenditures. The purpose of the study is to determine the main objectives and directions of research in the area under consideration. A mathematical model and a computer program have been developed that allow solving a wide range of tasks for modelling currents in the channels of various difficulties, taking into account daily regulation. This makes it possible to identify and proactively take measures, such as: determining the time to reach the flow along the channel; the establishment of water volume flow in an arbitrary channel; taking emergency measures to regulate the incoming residual volume of water after its termination into the system, in the event of an accident at pumping stations; identification of the nature and direction of channel processes; prevention of undermining of supports and damage to power lines passing through the channel, and many other engineering tasks. The developed tested mathematical model allows in real conditions and in real time to help the operational services of large channels in the operational management of actions, in emergency situations, and the choice of the most effective, at any point in time, measures to minimize the consequences. Analysis of the results of many researchers has created the opportunity for the authors of this article to conclude that the above system of hydrodynamic equations is applicable in mathematical modelling of motion, taking into account the transverse circulation of the flow.
Water losses in internal water supply services of residential buildings
Authors: Orlov Evgeny , Lavrova Mariia , Mishueva Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Internal water supply is intended to provide a consumer with potable quality water for various needs. Leakages appearing in the course of internal water supply operation have a negative effect on the operation of a whole system. All mains reasons of water losses in internal water supply services have been studied. It was found that losses can be caused by a human factor and caused by technical errors in a system, for example, network faults. Based on the study of scientific works on water losses of internal water supply systems, as well as on analysis of various water loss options there is a new well grounded method presented aimed to achieve sustainable water saving directly in a building in the process of water consumptions. There were conclusions drawn saying that: design of an internal water supply system of a residential building should follow the scheme of reducing water consumption on the lower floors of buildings by zoning the entire system; it is advisable to use a system with water tanks; to achieve indirect saving of electric energy, it is necessary to use pumping units with an adjustable drive.
Numerical solution of filtration in porous rock
Authors: Safina Galina
Published: May 2019

The filtration problem is one of the most relevant in the design of retaining hydraulic structures, water supply channels, drainage systems, in the drainage of the soil foundation, etc. Construction of transport tunnels and underground structures requires careful study of the soil properties and special work to prevent dangerous geological processes. The model of particle transport in the porous rock, which is based on the mechanical-geometric interaction of particles with a porous medium, is considered in the paper. The suspension particles pass freely through large pores and get stuck in small pores. The deposit concentration increases, the porosity and the permissible flow of particles through large pores changes. The model of one-dimensional filtration of a monodisperse suspension in a porous medium with variable porosity and fractional flow through accessible pores is determined by the quasi-linear equation of mass balance of suspended and retained particles and the kinetic equation of deposit growth. This complex system of differential equations has no explicit analytical solution. An equivalent differential equation is used in the paper. The solution of this equation by the characteristics method yields a system of integral equations. Integration of the resulting equations leads to a cumbersome system of transcendental equations, which has no explicit solution. The system is solved numerically at the nodes of a rectangular grid. All calculations are performed for non-linear filtration coefficients obtained experimentally. It is shown that the solution of the transcendental system of equations and the numerical solution of the original hyperbolic system of partial differential equations by the finite difference method are very close. The obtained solution can be used to analyze the results of laboratory research and to optimize the grout composition pumped into the porous soil.
Membrane bioreactors for treatment of galvanic wastewater
Authors: Makisha Nikolay
Published: May 2019

The article speaks about the membrane methods applied for treatment of galvanic sewage. It reveals the main features and peculiarities, which determine the maintenance of various types of membranes for industrial wastewater treatment. Ultrafiltration is a method that uses a membrane to separate by size ions of heavy metals, petroleum products, macromolecules and suspended solids. Application of ceramic membranes in ultrafiltration plants allows implementing of various technological processes with resource-saving opportunities, such as treatment of galvanic workshops sewage with efficiency of 99% and entire restoration of the worked out solutions. Nanofiltration is a process of membrane filtration of wastewater, which ensures the removal of multi-charged ions from water, depending on the size. Reverse osmosis is a process that is used to desalinate the bulk of dissolved salts in wastewater of various industries. In addition, this process is used to ensure the purification of effluents from organic and inorganic compounds, suspended solids and high molecular weight compounds.
Dynamics of inhomogeneous elastic half-space under moving load
Authors: Yuldashev Bakhtiyor , Abdukadirov Sagdulla
Published: May 2019

Wave processes in an elastic half-space covered with an elastic layer and (or) a thin elastic plate are considered in the paper. External load moves along the free surface. In the stationary statement, the waveguide properties of the system are determined. The multiple roots of the dispersion equations are revealed and the critical load velocities, leading to the initiation of resonant processes, are determined. In the case when the load moves with the velocity of the Rayleigh wave, additional resonances determined by the structure can be realized in the structure under consideration. It is revealed that Rayleigh resonance exists for long waves only. Numerical solutions are obtained that make it possible to trace the development of resonant excitations. The models of simple structures that have dispersive properties in the medium wave zone are analyzed, such as a thin plate on an elastic base; a model with an attached inertial medium. Analytical solutions have been obtained for these models. Computer simulations conducted simultaneously allow us to analyze the quantitative features of process throughout the entire time period of the load effect. The numerical and asymptotic solutions are compared.
Organizational and Technological Solutions for Performing Works Using Specialty Equipment
Authors: Zhadanovsky Boris , Bazanov Vladimir
Published: May 2019

Relevance of applying factory-assembled unit installation method in the contemporary construction is stated. Foreign experience is shown and main foreign manufacturers of crawler cranes and gantry cranes are given. Basic technical characteristics and design parameter of foreign and domestic cranes are quoted. The experience of gantry crane usage is discussed. Technical characteristics of gantry cranes from Sarens, Enerpac, Riggers Manufacturing, LiftSystems, Hydrolast, and Enerprom are given.
Decrease of cold-formed slotted studs heat conductivity by slots shape modification
Authors: Alekperov Rafik , Aksenov Ivan
Published: May 2019

Cold-formed steel framing is gaining ground in Russia. Now it’s making attempts to adopt curtain wall panels with cold-formed slotted steel members in residential building. In view of cold Russian climate, a problem of mitigation of the cold bridge effect created by the steel have appeared. It’s proposed to improve steel members’ thermal performance by choice a new web holes shape. Stud models with different web holes configuration were investigated by means of fine element analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Their thermal and load-carrying performance was compared with a standard slotted stud. Two promising pilot models were chosen for further experimental research. An experiment to compare heat conduction capacity of these pilot models and a standard slotted stud was carried out in the Laboratory of glass and facade constructions. The results of this experiment are presented in this article.
Developing of a ventilation system for residential houses with solar air heater
Authors: Melikyan Zohrab , Egnatosyan Siranush , Egnatosyan Naira
Published: May 2019

Ventilation of buildings in winter period, especially in cold climatic conditions, requires rather big quantity of heat for preheating the ventilation fresh air. Consequently, an average low-income family pays a tangible cost for ventilation of apartments. To provide low cost ventilation of houses it is becoming attractive the use of solar energy for preheating the outside fresh air, before its supplying into the house. For this purpose, cheap solar air heaters are needed. To solve this problem a simple and cheap construction of solar air heater was developed, which is the main part of the ventilation system. The system consists of air heating solar collectors, installed on the roof of the house, warm air distribution ductwork, internal air circulation ducts and air-circulating fan. In summer period, the system is used only during nighttime period for circulating outside colder air through the internal space of the house. Such operation allows cooling internal air and as well the constructions of the house. As a result, the house accumulates nighttime natural cold for using it at daytime cooling purposes. Presentation includes the scheme, explanation of operation and method for design of suggested ventilation system. Analysis proved the energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of the new system.
Engineering and Technical Support of Territories for Implementation of Renovation Projects of the Housing Stock
Authors: Korol Oleg , Dudina Anna
Published: May 2019

This scientific article researches features of preparations for the construction of renovation projects areas on the example of the city of Moscow. The purpose of the article is to examine and study features of preparations for the construction of renovation projects areas, these feature’s being one of the factors determining energy efficiency activities application at a construction site. Statistical data compilation method, regulatory documents examination method and method of review, comparison and consolidation of information are used in this paper. In the context of the research engineering equipment provision of housing stock renovation sites is analysed and renovation areas classification based on water, heat and power supply system’s provision is provided. As a result of the analysis of five renovation areas, a number of specific features of renovation areas engineering equipment provision are identified. For the most part Moscow renovation areas are divided into two forms: energy-deficient (EP) which lack reserve margins of fuel and power resources; energy-excessive (ER) which have an excess supply of fuel and power resources. Energy-balanced areas (EB) are considered to be of the highest possible level of renovation areas development.
Severity of U.S. Construction Worker Injuries, 2015-2017
Authors: Passmore David , Chae Chungil , Borkovskaya Victoria , Baker Rose , Yim Jeong-Ha
Published: May 2019

Workers in the U.S. construction industry experience workplace hazards that can lead to work-related injuries that sometimes are fatal. Reported in this paper is a case-control study of risks factors associated with 4,845 injured workers and their work environments that led to fatal rather than nonfatal injuries during 2015-2017. These injury data originally were assembled from information collected by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics that were used in a machine learning competition, but were repurposed for this secondary analysis of injury risks. Sixty-one percent of workers recorded in this dataset were injured fatally. Multiple logistic regression was applied to model the probability of a fatal injury as a function of the nature of the injury, part of body injured, human factors involved, whether the injured worker was carrying out a regularly assigned task at the time of the injury, and the manner in which the injury was inflicted. Related positively, relative to benchmarks, to the probability of a fatality injury were: falls and strikes; electrocution; asphyxiation and drowning; injury to the head and neck; and working at a task not regularly assigned. Negatively related to the probability of a fatal injury were: chemical/temperature burns; amputation and crushing; fractures and dislocations; injuries to fingers, hands, wrists, and other extremities; and falls from an elevation or to the same level, although this last negative relationship is anomalous in the light of independent research findings. Findings of this study do not necessarily culpable causes of work-related death. Rather these findings identify risk factors that might prove fruitful for further analysis of the incidence, severity, and costs of construction injuries.
The potential for implementation of liquid thermal insulation in organizational and technological solutions
Authors: Topchy Dmitry , Yurgaytis Aleksey , Manakhova Alina , Mustafina Karina
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, the consumer is provided with an extensive selection of various thermal insulation materials. Particularly interesting is the possibility of using liquid insulation in the construction of new facilities, as well as overhaul and renovation programs. This article is devoted to the introduction of relatively new building material on the market - thermal paint (liquid insulation). It features the key characteristics of the product and provides a set of conclusions about its applicability and safety in comparison with other insulation materials according to the results of research and testing. The necessary steps for a massive project introduction of the material into the industry are given, taking into account the development of organizational and technological solutions, depending on the conditions of using this material.
Load-bearing capacity of concrete elements reinforced with steel and composite coatings
Authors: Pomada Marta , Czarniawski Tadeusz
Published: May 2019

In the article, the compressive strength of steel-concrete structures defined as CFST (Concrete Filled Steel Tubular) has been checked. The steel elements used in CFST columns have high tensile strength and ductility while the concrete elements have high compressive strength and stiffness. Therefore, CFST elements have a large range of applications in construction. The analysis included 8 examples of elements consisting of a steel tube filled with a concrete core. The examples differed in the thickness of the steel coating and the compressive strength of the concrete core. Analytical calculations and experimental studies for them were carried out. The analytical calculations were based on the author’s method of assessing the load-bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tubes. In experimental verification, CFST samples were subjected to a static compression test. The calculation method was also used to calculate the load capacity when composites reinforcement is the outer coating for the concrete core. Three types of composites were analysed. The obtained results show a large influence of the steel coating thickness on the compressive strength for the CFST elements. The load-bearing capacity of the elements depends on the appropriate ratio of the surface of the steel coating to the concrete coating.
Response surface methodology based analysis of the impact of nanoclay addition on the wear resistance of polypropylene
Authors: Saralch Sudhir , Jagota Vishal , Pathak Dinesh , Singh Vishal
Published: May 2019

The addition of nanoclay in the polypropylene matrix has many applications in the field of automotive, packaging and aeronautical industry. Nanocomposites of polypropylene with nanoclay phr (part per hundred of resin) of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 are prepared using melt mixing in twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The dispersion of nanoclay in the polypropylene matrix played a significant role in the preparation of nanocomposites. The freeze-fractured microstructures of the 5 phr of nanoclay composites shows better dispersion of clay particles in the polypropylene matrix. Tensile testing is performed to quantify the strength with respect to nanoclay phr in the nanocomposites. Stress strain behaviors during the tensile testing along with critical examining using field emission scanning electron microscope of the fracture surface have evolved that phr value around 5 provide maximum strength. In addition to this, surface roughness of these nanocomposites also indicate that the nanocomposites formed by 5 phr nanoclay give better surface finish. The wear behavior of nanocomposites is investigated using pin-on-disc tribo-tester at different loads (10, 20 and 30 N) and sliding speeds (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m/s). A response surface methodology based model is developed to explore the impact of nanoclay phr along with load and sliding speed on the wear behavior of these nanocomposites. Response surface methodology is a statistical technique in which the interaction among process variables is studies. It uses a sequence of design experiments to get an optimal response. It was found that 4.19 phr provides to be optimal value of nanoclay content exhibiting better wear resistance. Present study of composites with nanoclay reinforcement in polypropylene matrix concludes that phr value ranging around 4 to 5 gives best results.
A geometric programming approach for a vendor managed inventory of a multiretailer multi-item EPQ model
Authors: Karimian Yasaman , Mirzazadeh Abolfazl , Pasandideh Seyed Hamidreza , Namakshenas Mohammad
Published: May 2019

Due to the uncertain situations of the world, considering inventory management in a stochastic environment gains a lot of interest. In this paper, we propose a multi-item economic production quantity (EPQ) model with a shortage for a single-vendor, multi-retailer supply chain under vendor managed inventory (VMI) policy in a stochastic environment. Three stochastic constraints are developed in the model. Geometric programming (GP) approach is employed to find the optimal solution of the nonlinear stochastic programming problem to minimize the mean-variance of the total inventory cost of the system. Since the problem is in the Signomial form, first, an algorithm is used to convert the model into the standard GP form. The performance of the addressed model and the solving method are evaluated based on computational experiments and sensitivity analysis. A case study in an Iranian furniture supply chain is conducted to show the applicability of the proposed model and 17.78% improvement in terms of total cost is gained.
Fraud detection models and payment transactions analysis using machine learning
Authors: Shpyrko Viktor , Koval Bohdan
Published: May 2019

The work’s aim is to research a set of selected mathematical models and algorithms that examine the data of a single payment transaction to classify it as fraud or verified. Described models are implemented in the form of a computer code and algorithms, and therefore can be executed in real-time. The main objective is to apply different methods of machine learning to find the most accurate, in other words, the one in which the cross-validation score is maximal. Thus, the main problem to resolve is the creation of a model that could instantly detect and block a given fraudulent transaction in order to provide better security and user experience. At first, we determine the classification problem: which initial data we have, how we can interpreter it to find the solution. The next part is dedicated to presenting the methods for solving the classification problem. In particular, we describe such approaches as Logistic Regression, Support Vectors Method (SVM), K-Nearest neighbours, Decision Tree Classifier and Artificial Neural Networks; provide the notion of how these methods operate the data and yield the result. At the end, we apply these methods to the provided data using Python programming language and analyze the results.
Modeling of development of the internal market of tourist services in Ukraine, based on the principles of cluster management
Authors: Sahaidak Mykhailo , Kostynets Valeriia , Kostynets Iuliia
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the modeling of the development of the domestic tourist services market in Ukraine on the basis of cluster management. The authors identify trends in the market of tourist services, taking into account behavioral reactions of consumers. The authors determined the main tendency in the Ukrainian market of tourist services, which is the interdependence of the dynamics of consumption of tourist services and material well-being of the middle-income population. The criterial model of development of the tourist region on the basis of cluster management of the internal market of tourist services of Ukraine is developed. The authors noted that, in criterial model the assessment of the level of development of the tourist region is carried out according to several criterias, each of which is estimated using an integrated weighted estimate of a set of indicators, which, using the expert estimation method, allows us to evaluate the factors that form one or another criterion. Critical maps for development of tourist regions of Ukraine are offered: Carpathian region, Polesie region, Central region, Azov-Black Sea region. The principles of development of the internal market of tourist services of Ukraine are determined on the principles of cluster management.
Factor model of social media marketing effect on brand loyalty
Authors: Chubukova Olga , Kostynets Iuliia , Ponomarenko Igor , Rallie Nataliia , Zymbalevska Yuliia
Published: May 2019

This research presents the model regarding core factors of social media marketing effect on brand loyalty. The conceptual model was defined based on the five hypotheses. It was conducted a reliability analysis based on the internal consistency of measurements, using Cronbach Alpha and composite reliability coefficients. The model shows that the characteristics of social media marketing communications have a direct effect on brand trust and brand affect. It also demonstrates that brand trust has a direct effect on brand affect and on brand loyalty. Brand affect has also a direct effect on brand loyalty. The research demonstrated that social media marketing communication has the capacity to influence brand trust and brand affect, the two main determinants of brand loyalty. The model shows that the characteristics of social media marketing communications have a direct effect on brand trust and brand affect. It also demonstrates that brand trust has a direct effect on brand affect and on brand loyalty. Brand affect has also a direct effect on brand loyalty. Therefore, all five research hypotheses were validated. The implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed, and avenues for future research are proposed.
Prototyping of information system for monitoring banking transactions related to money laundering
Authors: Leonov Serhiy , Yarovenko Hanna , Boiko Anton , Dotsenko Tetiana
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the prototyping of an information system for intrabank monitoring of transactions related to money laundering. It has been proven that the automation of financial monitoring system would increase the bank’s efficiency due to examining all bank transactions without exception, leveling the human factor, maximizing the speed of identifying suspicious transactions, which will provide the bank management with the possibility to reduce reputational risk and minimize losses related to paying penalties imposed by regulatory agencies. It has been established that the prototype of the information system for monitoring transactions related to money laundering through banks should consist of a model of the business process monitoring in an automated system environment, a DFD model of automated monitoring of banking transactions, a structural database model, user interface forms and the logic of validation business rules. The resulting methodological and practical developments are a universal component of the financial monitoring system of any bank since they have the opportunity to transform and adapt to new standards for reporting entities or differentiation of the business processes of a bank.
Factors of the development of international e-commerce under the conditions of globalization
Authors: Babenko Vitalina , Kulczyk Zdzisław , Perevosova Irina , Syniavska Olga , Davydova Oksana
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of the development of global e-commerce in the processes of globalization. The analysis of the definition of the concept of e-commerce, identified its varieties. The authors investigated the main trends that have developed in the e-commerce market, and provide statistical indicators. In addition, the factors that influence the process of development and distribution of e-commerce in the world are identified. Also highlighted the main problems that do not allow the process of distribution of e-commerce technology to develop the maximum rate.
Construction of business confidence index based on a system of economic indicators
Authors: Los Vita , Ocheretin Dmytro
Published: May 2019

One of the important indicators that characterize the economy of the country is the business confidence index. It is the basis for tracking the cycles of economic dynamics and analysis of the country's business climate. Evaluation of this indicator makes it possible to predict the crisis phenomena that are occurring in the economy, and to develop possible ways out of difficult situations. On the example of the five countries (Ukraine, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, Poland) it was also analyzed the possibility of constructing the business confidence index based on economic indicators, which characterize current economic activity of the country. For analysis, the quarterly values of economic indicators over the last years were taken. The selected economic indicators based on cross-correlation analysis were ranked into three groups: coincident, lagging and leading indicators. Using coincident and leading economic indicators, the several regression models of the business confidence index were built. On the basis of the obtained regression models, the forecast of business confidence index value for the next period is evaluated and the trends of its development are established.
Study of critical phenomena in economic systems using a model of damped oscillations
Authors: Danylchuk Hanna , Kibalnyk Liubov , Serdiuk Olexandr
Published: May 2019

The article describes the construction of a model for the analysis and forecasting of critical phenomena in economic systems based on the equation of the damped oscillations. The model of the damped oscillations based on the analysis of wavelet coefficient energy allows identifying critical phenomena, in the first place, crashes. Two parameters of the model, the initial phase and the damping coefficient, are the most appropriate for the analysis and prediction of the critical events in the economic systems. The sequence of steps for conducting research is presented and the possibility to automate the process of predicting critical phenomena is described. Critical phenomenon can be predicted based on the initial phase and the damping coefficient, the prediction horizon depends on the scale at which the model of the damped oscillations was constructed. The study of the results of the model is based on the known crashes and shocks given in the work.
Tax, financial and credit stimulation of the technology, industrial and scientific parks activity as a factor of the innovative development in Ukraine
Authors: Oliinyk Viktor , Mohylnyi Viktor , Vernydub Nataliia , Yatsenko Valerii
Published: May 2019

The article analyzes the statistic indicators of the modern innovative development in Ukraine, based on which, the conclusions regarding the necessity to investigate measures for stimulation of either research and projects, or their further commercialization, are made. One of the most effective tools in the state policy in this sphere may be the tax stimulation of the innovative and investment activity. According to the results of the research, it is concluded that today tax system of Ukraine mostly performs the fiscal function and demonstrates low regulation efficiency. Besides, technology, industrial and scientific parks, which are catalysts of the innovative development in the whole world, do not operate in Ukraine, including the fact due to which there is a lack of privileges and preferences from the state. It was proposed to introduce a system of benefits for the payment of corporate income tax. Authors conclude that there is a necessity to reform the taxation system of enterprises in general, and in the part to stimulate the activity of participants from technology, industrial and scientific parks, on which the tax instruments can be tested taking into account the best world practices to control the innovative and investment activity.
The digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy
Authors: Kravchenko Olena , Leshchenko Maryna , Marushchak Dariia , Vdovychenko Yuriy , Boguslavska Svitlana
Published: May 2019

The phenomenon of the digitalization in the world economy is investigated in the article. The digital economy is the most important engine of innovation, competitiveness and economic growth in the world. The specific features of the modern digital economy are determined. The main indicators of measuring the level of digital economy are analyzed, the world countries’ leaders are defined. Study shows that each of the indexes has different methodological approaches to determining the level of digitalization and contains various factors. Highly developed countries have the best level of digitization of their own economies, because they have high-quality access to the Internet, a high level of scientific and technological capacity development and wide information access. The indicators of Ukraine as a digital economy are analyzed. Article shows that Ukraine as a European country is only at the beginning of its development of a high-quality digital economy. The links between national economy’s macroeconomic indicators development connecting with innovations are established.
Modern trends of the international labor force migration
Authors: Chernyak Oleksandr , Chernyak Yevgen
Published: May 2019

The modern trends of the international labor force migration and the main migration corridors are analyzed in the paper. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, in 2017, the global stock of international migrants (including refugees) was an estimated 258 million. Inequality between supply and demand on the labor market is a main problem of modern international migration processes. It is possible to make a conclusion about the global increase of amounts of labor migration all over the world, in all the countries and regions. The main trends of remittance flows are also studied. The amount of remittances in 2018 was $689 billions. And $518 billions were sent to the developing countries. In relative terms, remittances in nine countries accounted for over a fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018; in the case of Tonga, remittances represented 36 % of the country’s GDP. As a conclusion, it should be said that the amount of remittances is an important macro economical figure. Its inflow can ensure the increase of foreign currency’s supply in the country.
Altered Brain Regional Homogeneity in First-Degree Relatives of Type
2 Diabetics: A functional MRI Study
Authors: Liu Yiyong , Shi Lin , Song Xiubao , Shi Changzheng , Lou Wutao , Zhang Dong , Wang Alan D. , Luo Liangping
Published: May 2019

Objective This study aimed to investigate regional homogeneity in the
first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods Seventy-eight subjects, including 26 type 2 diabetes patients, 26
first-degree relatives, and 26 healthy controls, were assessed. All
participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
scanning. The estimated regional homogeneity value was used to evaluate
differences in brain activities.

Results In first-degree relatives, we observed significantly
decreased regional homogeneity in the left anterior cingulate cortex, left
insula, and bilateral temporal lobes, and increased regional homogeneity in the
left superior frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral
posterior cingulate cortex compared to healthy controls. In type 2 diabetes
patients, we detected altered regional homogeneity in the left anterior
cingulate cortex, left insula, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and several
other brain regions compared to healthy controls. Both first-degree
relatives and type 2 diabetes patients showed decreased regional homogeneity in
the left superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left anterior
cingulate cortex, left insula, and increased regional homogeneity in the left
superior frontal gyrus and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusion These findings suggest that altered regional homogeneity in
the left anterior cingulate cortex, left insula, left superior frontal gyrus,
bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral temporal lobes might be a
neuroimaging biomarker of type 2 diabetes -related brain dysfunction.
Konversion eines postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus in
einen Hyperparathyreoidismus bei ektopem Nebenschilddrüsenadenom
Authors: Davis K. H. , Happel C. , du Mesnil de Rochemont R. , Vogl T. J. , Grünwald F.
Published: May 2019

We present a patient with a history of thyroid cancer, presumably following
radiochemotherapy of a childhood medulloblastoma, who developed a primary
hyperparathyroidism 10 years after long-term postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.
All established imaging modalities failed to detect the origin and only
selective neck sampling could identify the suspected parathyroid adenoma causing
hyperparathyroidism. This encourages the use of selective neck vein
catheterization, particularly in patients with only slightly elevated
parathyroid hormone-levels or suspected small ectopic adenoma.
Intra-Aneurysmal Rupture of an Atheroma during the Clipping of Large Atherosclerotic Aneurysm of the Middle Cerebral Artery: A Case Report with Video Demonstration
Authors: Chung Yeongu , Park Wonhyoung , Park Jung Cheol , Chung Jaewoo , Ahn Jae Sung
Published: May 2019

Ischemic complications including silent or symptomatic events are known to occur during the clipping of intracranial aneurysms, although at a relatively lower rate than during endovascular treatment. An atherosclerotic or calcified neck is one of the major contributors to postoperative ischemic sequelae from a surgically treated aneurysm. Atherosclerotic changes in intracranial vessels or within an aneurysm wall or neck area are often seen during surgery. However, we were not previously able to detect any showering of atheromatous emboli during temporary or permanent clipping procedures. We describe a case of an intra-aneurysmal rupture of a squeezed atheroma observed after permanent clipping of an atherosclerotic large middle cerebral artery aneurysm. After tentative clipping to treat the severe atherosclerotic aneurysm in this patient, we applied supplementary clipping to the atherosclerotic area of the aneurysmal sac. The resulting squeezing of the intra-aneurysmal atheroma caused a leakage into the subadventitial layer of the aneurysmal sac. We also discuss the potential ischemic complications of aneurysmal clipping surgery. We conclude that the surgical techniques used to treat these specific aneurysms require circumspect planning through a review of preoperative images.
Sellar Diaphragm Reconstruction with Tachosil During Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery: Technical Note
Authors: Jiménez Zapata Herbert Daniel , Rodríguez Berrocal Víctor , Vior Fernández Carlos , Sánchez Franklin Mariño , García Fernández Alfredo
Published: May 2019

This report introduces a new closure technique for the management of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage during endoscopic endonasal surgery. The procedure is based on the combination of a traditional autologous tissue flap with a heterologous fibrin graft (TachoSil). We performed a retrospective analysis on 121 patients with pituitary adenomas treated in our center by the senior neurosurgeon (author V.R.B) in the previous 4 years. Only one patient (0.8%) developed a CSF leakage and no adverse events were found related to the use of TachoSil. Compared with other techniques used previously, sellar diaphragm reconstruction with TachoSil seems to be an effective and inexpensive alternative.
Improving Oral–Systemic Healthcare through the Interoperability of Electronic Medical and Dental Records: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Simon Lisa , Obadan-Udoh Enihomo , Yansane Alfa-Ibrahim , Gharpure Arti , Licht Steven , Calvo Jean , Deschner James , Damanaki Anna , Hackenberg Berit , Walji Muhammad , Spallek Heiko , Kalenderian Elsbeth
Published: May 2019

Objectives Electronic health records (EHRs) are rarely shared among medical and dental providers. The purpose of this study was to assess current information sharing and the value of improved electronic information sharing among physicians and dentists in Germany and the United States.

Materials and Methods A survey was validated and distributed electronically to physicians and dentists at four academic medical centers. Respondents were asked anonymously about EHR use and the medical and dental information most valuable to their practice.

Results There were 118 responses, a response rate of 23.2%. The majority (63.9%) of respondents were dentists and the remainder were physicians. Most respondents (66.3%) rated the importance of sharing information an 8 or above on a 1-to-10 Likert scale. Dentists rated the importance of sharing clinical information significantly higher than physicians (p = 0.0033). Most (68.5%) providers could recall an instance when access to medical or dental information would have improved patient care. Dentists were significantly more likely to report this than physicians (p = 0.008).

Conclusion Physicians would value a standardized measure of “oral health” in their EHR. Dentists were less likely to find specific medical diagnostic test results of value. Both dentists and physicians agreed that oral–systemic health was important; interoperable EHRs could facilitate information transfer between providers and enhance research on oral–systemic health connections. Both dentists and physicians believed that an interoperable EHR would be useful to practice, but desired information was different between these groups. Refinement of the information needed for shared practice is required.
Treatment of Advanced Kienbock's Disease (Lichtman Stage IIIB with Carpal Collapse) by a Shortening Osteotomy of the Radius: 21 Cases
Authors: Botelheiro J. C. , Silverio Silvia , Neto Ana Luísa
Published: May 2019

Purpose To review the results of shortening osteotomies of the radius in our stage IIIB Kienbock's disease patients.

Materials and Methods In the past 30 years, we treated 52 cases of Kienbock's disease by a shortening osteotomy of the radius, of which 21 already had carpal collapse. All patient charts and X-rays were reviewed, but only the cases already with carpal collapse (stage IIIB) are presented here.

Results All patients improved after surgery. Pain, on a scale of 0 to 3, generally 2 or 3 before surgery (median: 2.3), was normally 1 or 0 afterward (median: 0.9); median flexion–extension of the wrist improved from 77 to 99 degrees; and grip strength of the other hand improved from 26 to 76%. The last clinical and radiological review was performed 1 to 23 years after surgery (median: 8 years).

Conclusion Advanced Kienbock’s disease with carpal collapse is not a contraindication for carpal-sparing surgery radial shortening osteotomy.
Young Adult Motor, Sensory, and Cognitive Outcomes and Longitudinal Development after Very and Extremely Preterm Birth
Authors: Vollmer Brigitte , Stålnacke Johanna
Published: May 2019

In this narrative review, we report on adult outcomes after very (before 32 weeks of gestation [wGA]) and extremely (before 28 wGA) preterm birth, with a focus on neuromotor function, neurosensory impairment, general cognitive abilities, executive function, and attentional abilities, all of which are important for academic progress, peer relationships, and participation. Longitudinal development from childhood to adulthood is described. Preterm born individuals have a higher risk for impairment of general cognitive abilities, executive function, attention, and neuromotor abilities well into adulthood, with, however, considerable variability in outcomes. Differences between individuals born preterm and their term born peers persist. Long-term outcomes of general cognitive ability can be predicted with some degree of certainty from childhood assessments: those who perform poor on early childhood age assessments very likely will not catch up, whereas those who perform within the normal range on early assessments sometimes accelerate their development relative to term born peers. This appears similar for executive function and attention, although data on trajectories for these functions are somewhat inconsistent. In adulthood, some studies describe poorer educational outcomes, employment, independent living, and/or economic situation compared with term born individuals; however, large proportion of those born preterm report similar self-perceived quality of life.
Dengue Infection: Not Just Fever—A Rare Presentation with Literature Review
Authors: Gilvaz Percival , Santhakumar Rati , Kuriakose Aneesh Mangalasseril , Baby Neena
Published: May 2019

Dengue fever is a common viral infection in the tropical areas, especially in India. However, dengue infection presenting as hemorrhagic encephalitis is rare. A 10-year-old girl presented with fever, headache, vomiting, and seizures followed by altered sensorium. Her blood serum was positive for antidengue immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and NS1Ag, and cerebrospinal fluid study showed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images showed hyperintensities involving the bilateral thalami, pons, and midbrain with patchy hemorrhage. Despite all supportive measures, she expired 3 days after admission. Our case highlights that dengue encephalitis may present even in the absence of other classical signs.
Longitudinal Microsurgery Laboratory Training during Hand Surgery Fellowship
Authors: Amador Ricardo O. , Sood Ravi F. , Wilkens Suzanne , Gottlieb Rachel , Chen Neal C. , Eberlin Kyle R.
Published: May 2019

Background–Laboratory training courses have traditionally offered an attractive method to learn microsurgery in a low-risk environment. However, courses are often limited by cost, accessibility, and their one-time, nonlongitudinal nature. Our aims were to (1) describe our institution's microsurgical training course for hand surgery fellows, which is longitudinal and integrated within our fellowship curriculum and (2) investigate how this course affects the microsurgical confidence and competence of trainees throughout their fellowship year.

Methods–All hand fellows who trained in our 1-year combined hand surgery fellowship from 2016 through 2018 participated in this study. Baseline data on the type and duration of residency training, previous microsurgery experience and self-reported confidence, knowledge, and interest in microsurgery were recorded. Self-reported scores were documented using a continuous scale ranging from 0 to 10. An initial 3-day laboratory course combining the use of didactic teaching, a nonliving synthetic model, and a live rat model was conducted. Repeat laboratory training occurred thereafter at 6 and 12 months. At the end of each session, fellows repeated the baseline questionnaire and faculty assessed their microsurgical competence using a standardized global rating scale (GRS).

Results–A total of six fellows (2 years) were enrolled. At the end of the initial course, there was a statistically significant increase in mean self-reported confidence in microsurgery from 4.3 to 6.2 and knowledge from 4.7 to 6.5. Mean scores in interest were unchanged, from 9.2 to 9.3. There was also an increase in mean GRS score from day 3 to months 6 and 12.

Conclusion–A longitudinal microsurgical training course integrated within a hand surgery fellowship is associated with increased confidence and microsurgical skill. This study describes our approach and its feasibility.
Respiratory Support during Bronchiolitis Due to One Virus versus More Than One Virus: An Observational Study
Authors: Coleman Thomas , Taylor Alison , Crothall Helen , Martinez F. Eduardo
Published: May 2019

Bronchiolitis is common during infancy and frequently leads to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. This study aimed to determine if there is a difference in the duration of respiratory support when bronchiolitis is due to one virus or more than one virus. This is a retrospective, observational study of cases admitted to PICU with confirmed bronchiolitis. There were 306 cases analyzed, 70% (215/306) were infected by a single virus and 30% (91/306) were infected with more than one virus. Both groups had similar duration of respiratory support and PICU length of stay (LOS). Hospital LOS was longer for the group with more than one virus.
Digital instrument with configurable hardware and firmware for multi-channel time measures
Authors: Lusardi Nicola , Garzetti Fabio , Geraci Angelo
Published: May 2019

A new digital instrument for timing of events is presented. It is based on a reconfigurable, high-performance, 16-channel time-to-digital converter implemented in a Xilinx 7 Series 28-nm field programmable gate array device. Each channel provides timestamps with a least significant bit of 2 ps that states the resolution, whereas instead the single-shot precision is below 12.5 ps rms with the possibility of multihit measures at the maximum rate of 20 MHz. The default width of the full-scale range is 157 µs that can be extended at users choosing up to 15 days by means of proper time tagging procedures made available. The instrument achieves performance in terms of precision, resolution, and full-scale range of measurement at the state-of-art of existing solutions. The novelty is that besides performance, the presented instrument is totally reconfigurable by the user both in the hardware and in the firmware parts. Moreover, novel techniques of event acquisition (e.g., level-zero trigger) are introduced. These further features are not present in any other instrument available nor in the literature or in commerce and constitute a difference with respect to all referenced instruments.