bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of biotic and abiotic formulations on control of Botrytis blight of rose cv. Grand Gala
Authors: Sajwan Anamika , Kumar Santosh , Singh R.P
Published: March 2023

The present investigation was undertaken at the Model Floriculture Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agricultural and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was conducted to test the different concentrations and time of application of biotic formulation, i.e., Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquifaciens strain FZB24 (manufactured by Novozyme South Asian Pvt. Ltd. under the brand name Taegro) and abiotic formulation i.e., sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid on control of Botrytis blight of rose cv. Grand Gala under field condition and during vase life. Foliar spray of standard chemical Carbendazim 50% W.P. @ 500g/ha, 6 spray at 7 days interval was found best followed by Carbendazim 50% W.P. @ 500g/ha, 3 spray at 14 days intervals which was at par with Bacillus subtilis @ 1000 g per hectare, 6 spray at 7 days interval against incidence of Botrytis blight in field condition while, during vase life, application of treatment was insignificant. In contrast, acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate do not significantly affect disease control.
Indian apple quality characteristics as affected by controlled atmosphere storage
Authors: Ali Usman , Maurya Rohit , Basu Santanu , Mazumder Koushik
Published: March 2023

The effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on postharvest qualities of apple (Royal Delicious) were investigated. Compared to the postharvest quality of fresh apple (0 day) a significant change in the fruit qualities such as respiration rate, firmness, ripening, color, low molecular weight sugar, enzyme activity and concentrations of volatile compounds were observed during CA storage. After 90 days CA storage, apples showed a significant increase in respiration rate (58.7%), ripening index (13.9%) and reduction in firmness (35.8%) compared to fresh apples. During 90 days CA storage, the apple aroma volatile compounds showed a significant increase in their total concentrations from 151.2 µg/kg to 280.7 µg/kg compared to initial storage, followed by a remarkable decrease to 141.8µg/kg during 180 days of storage. Therefore, the study enables us to conclude that the prolonged CA storage of apples significantly reduced fruit quality.
Bio-inoculation of strawberry plants with Bacillus strains having promoting effect on growth, yield and quality
Authors: . Anuradha , Goyal R.K. , Bishnoi Sudha , Sindhu S.S
Published: March 2023

The quality of agricultural production and their modulation by biofertilizer application has gradually received attention. However, the importance of Bacillus strains has not been studied extensively especially in strawberry. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of Bacillus strains on growth, yield and quality of strawberry cv. Chandler during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The study indicates that various Bacillus strains significantly influenced growth, yield and quality of fruits. Among different Bacillus strains, HCA61 strain recorded the significantly higher fruit yield per plant (233.69 g). It also recorded the highest value concerning different growth parameters, viz., plant height (12.56 cm), spread (22.78 cm), number of leaves per plant (11.31), crown diameter (12.46 mm), fresh weight (43.86 g) and dry weight (12.36 g) of plant with minimum number of days (79.50 days) to flower in strawberry plants. Among different yield attributing characters like number of fruits per plant (22.13), fresh weight of fruit (10.56 g), fruit length (40.31 mm), fruit breadth (28.83) and moisture content in fruit (92.83%), HCA61 strain showed superiority than other Bacillus strains. Regarding various physicochemical characters, viz. TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid and anthocyanin content of fruits, Bacillus RCA3 strain, exhibited significantly highrt values. The Bacillus strain HCA61 caused improved growth and yield. However, concerning the physicochemical characteristics of fruits Bacillus RCA3 strain was found best. The results indicated that inoculation with Bacillus strains could be an eco-friendly and cost-effective technology for improving strawberry growth, yield and quality.
The potential of some ameliorative substances in improving growth, yield and quality of carrot under heat stress conditions
Authors: El-Sayed Sayed F , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed , El-Taweel Haitham H
Published: March 2023

A field experiment was carried out in two successive seasons of 2019 and 2020 on the late planting of carrot cv. Shantiny in El-Badrasheen, Giza, Egypt to study the effect of sowing dates and foliar spray applications by using some growth natural and chemical stimulants to increase the plants' ability to withstand heat stress. The experiment was established in a split-plot design with two sowing dates during 15 February and 15 March as the main factors and six treatments of exogenous foliar spray applications as submain factors as follows: untreated plants (control); potassium silicate K-Si at 2g/L; salicylic acid at 2mM; glycine betaine at 100 mM; moringa leaf extract (MLE) at 3.3% and date palm pollen grain extract (DPPGE) at 2g/L. Results revealed that sowing carrots in February significantly increased vegetative growth characteristics, i.e., plant height in both seasons and fresh and dry weight in the second season. Also, the fresh weight of roots in the second season and total marketable yield in both seasons were significantly increased with February sowing. All chemical parameters, either quality or heat indicators, were enhanced considerably with March sowing as a reaction to heat stress. Moreover, all foliar spray treatments gained the higher significant values of vegetative growth, yield, quality characteristics, and chemical parameters [N, P, K, Ca, Mg, proline, antioxidant activity DPPH, total carbohydrates, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll, and total phenols] as compared with untreated plants. In conclusion, foliar spray treatments with MLE and DPPGE are promising materials for heat stress-tolerant applications.
Genotypic stability analysis among Lilium genotypes for growth and yield contributing traits
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Dhiman S.R , Dhiman M.R. , Sharma Puja , Dogra R.K
Published: March 2023

Genotypes grown in multi-environmental trials may respond differently to a range of climatic factors, soil characteristics and cultural management practices. As such, the proportion of the variation in the phenotypic traits due to the main effects of genotype, environment and their interaction is routinely assessed when selecting best-performing lines. Keeping this in mind, the present study was carried out to find the stable Lilium genotypes evaluated over two locations for two years in a Randomized Block Design along with three replications. Eighteen diverse genotypes of Lilium were assessed for twenty different vegetative, flowering and bulb parameters. Genotype “Eyeliner” indicated stability for the majority of parameters, including days to bulb sprout emergence, bud length, number of flowers/stem, weight of bulblets, and vase life, while genotype “Yelloween” exhibited stability for a variety of parameters, including leaf length, bud length, size of flower, and days to first flower, and is suitable for a variety of environments.
Effect of water-saving technologies on productivity and profitability of tomato cultivation in Galapagos, Ecuador
Authors: Jaramillo P , Cornejo F , Solis M , Mayorga P , Negoita L
Published: March 2023

We tested the effect of two water-saving systems (Groasis Waterboxx® and Hydrogel polymer), compared with conventional drip irrigation, on the productivity, profitability, and water efficiency of greenhouse tomato cultivation in the highlands of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. We measured the weight and volume of individual tomato fruits, along with biweekly production, over a typical growing cycle, and found that tomatoes grown with water-saving systems were significantly heavier and larger than those produced with conventional drip irrigation, which led to a 28% average increase in tomato production using both technologies. compared to drip irrigation, Groasis and Hydrogel also reduced water use by 71 and 48%, respectively. While both systems yielded a net profit, using Hydrogel was 51% more profitable than conventional drip irrigation. Water-saving systems such as Groasis and Hydrogel may provide more sustainable solutions for profitable tomato cultivation in environments with low annual rainfall and limited access to irrigation water, such as the Galapagos Islands.
Differential damage of blossom midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt) to mango cultivars and its impact on fruit retention and yield of variety Amrapali
Authors: Singh H.S , Baradevanal Gundappa , Kishore Kundan
Published: March 2023

The investigations on varietal (30) reaction and impact of inflorescence midge Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt) control practices on fruit retention and yield of mango variety Amrapali were carried out in the east coast region of India. Results revealed that the incidence of midge among the genotypes varied significantly (F29, 58 = 25.88; P< 0.00). The lowest incidence was recorded on Neelgoa (16.15%) followed by Neeleshan (26.1%) and the highest in Alphanso (86.27%), Totapuri (86.42%), H-39(87.39%), Amrapali (88.69%), and Lalsundari (89.48%). Based on the relative susceptibility of the genotypes (percent damage to blossom), genotypes were grouped in different categories. Every variety retained the fruits irrespective level of plant damage to the floral bud, having diverse genetic potential the fruit weight had no correlation with fruit number. The impact studies of midge control measure in Amrapali revealed that the floral damage in untreated plants ranged between 73.69-91.37 percent and 61.47-75.47 percent in treated trees. The fruit number at the harvesting stage ranged between 2.80-4.00/ panicle and 3.1-4.20/ panicle with a fruit weight ranging from 1.10 -1.43 and 1.23-1.50 kg/panicle, respectively.It was concluded that though the percent flower damage, fruit number, and yield per panicle differed significantly in treated and untreated trees, this statistical significance may not be of great economic importance at the maturity stage as 3-4 fruits per bunch in Amrapali gives standard yield.
In vivo polyploidy induction in Dendrobium crumenatum through colchicine treatment
Authors: Revathi B.S , Thomas Beena
Published: March 2023

Polyploidy induction plays a significant role in hybridizing and improving orchids (Orchidaceae). Induction of polyploidy can help to restore fertility by doubling of chromosomes and thus leading to the creation of allotetraploids which can help breeders develop improved hybrids and novel types by contributing beautiful floral or growth characteristics unobtainable from the diploid forms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effective colchicine concentration and duration of exposure for the polyploidy induction in Dendrobium crumenatum via in vivo method, thus improving the flower characteristics. For the in vivo induction of polyploidy, D. crumenatum plantlets were chosen and subjected to eight different colchicine treatments. Treatments were based on colchicine concentration (0.05 and 0.1%) and the duration of exposure of plantlets to these doses of colchicine (24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs). The morphological characters, like shoot length, diameter of pseudobulb, number of leaves and width of leaves showed treatment mean values greater than their corresponding control plantlets. After analyzing the histogram peaks of in vivo treated samples, it was observed that the highest tetraploid induction (50%) was achieved with the treatment of 0.05% colchicine for 96 hours. Moreover, the maximum mixoploids (66.67%) were obtained from two different treatments; first, with 0.05% colchicine for 72 hours and second, with 0.05% colchicine for 48 hours. These results suggest that longer treatment duration of 96 hours with 0.05% colchicine leads to higher tetraploid induction while shorter durations of 72 and 48 hours with the same concentration of colchicine are more effective for producing mixoploids. Stomatal observations exhibited a lower stomatal density, but increased stomatal size in polyploids than diploids.
Aloe vera gel coating as a postharvest application to reduce spintern browning and to extend the shelf of rambutan fruits
Authors: Sajan Fathima , Lekshm P.R.Geetha
Published: March 2023

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is an attractive tropical fruit due to its hairy appearance, red and yellow pericarp shades, and green-tipped hair-like spinterns. The fruits are highly perishable, non-climacteric and the browning of spintern and pericarp reduce their marketability and limit shelf life The present study evaluated the efficacy of aloe gel coating in reducing the spintern browning of rambutan fruits for extended shelf life. The study used medium-sized rambutan fruits, harvested at commercial maturity (red pericarp). After cleaning and sanitising (ozonation two ppm), fruits were dipped in aloe gel (10, 25, 50%) for five minutes and stored in CFB boxes at room temperature. Physiological loss in weight increased during the storage and 50% aloe gel lost the least weight (18.19%) and retained the total soluble solids (17.98 Brix), acidity (0.40%), moisture content (79.05%), total sugar (20.75%), reducing sugar (3.14%), ascorbic acid (22.69 mg 100g-1), total phenols (3.48 mg 100g-1), and antioxidant activity (68.85%). The aloe gel (50%) coated rambutan fruits packaged in ventilated polypropylene and stored under refrigerated conditions (12±10 C) had the lowest physiological loss in weight of 9.33%, the highest total soluble solids (16.96 Brix), acidity (0.30%), moisture content (80.08%), total sugar (17.67%), reducing sugar (2.84%), and ascorbic acid (19.42 mg 100 g-1) content, the lowest browning score, and the highest organoleptic qualities and shelf life.
An emerging concept of diurnal variation in expression of UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase gene, (StUGPase2), in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Jaiswal Sandeep , Raman K. Venkat , Saakre Manjesh , Paul Krishnayan , Tilgam Jyotsana , Bhattacharjee Sougata , Vijayan Joshitha , Sreevathsa Rohini
Published: March 2023

Diurnal regulation of gene expression encoding the dominant isoform of UDP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase, StUGPase2, was studied in potato leaves at different developmental stages (pre-tuberization, tuber initiation, and tuber bulking). Across the developmental stages, the StUGPase2 steady-state mRNA level increased gradually from morning (6 AM) to noon (12 PM), followed by a transient drop at 2 PM. The mRNA level increased thereafter, and the highest transcript abundance was recorded at 8:00 PM. A sharp decline in StUGPase2 transcript abundance at 2 PM in all the stages studied is believed to be associated with the previous reports of diurnal behaviour of sucrose concentration and light responsiveness of sucrose synthase enzyme. Moreover, in all three stages, a steady state increase of StUGPase2 transcript despite a consistent decrease in irradiance after 12 PM, suggests the presence of more complex transcriptional regulation. Comparatively higher StUGPase2 transcript abundance at the tuberization initiation stage as compared to the pre and post-tuberization stages indicates the prominent role of the gene during tuber development. Bioinformatics analysis of the StUGPase2 promoter region predicted the presence of various light-responsive cis-regulatory nucleotide sequences, which are considered to be associated with the light-mediated diurnal change in StUGPase2 gene expression. This research will aid in understanding the pattern of UGPase gene regulation, which is ultimately connected to potato tuber yield and bulking attributes.
Grafting improves the growth and yield of Cucumis sativus plants grown under salinity stresses by modulating antioxidant enzymes, water status and nutrient uptake
Authors: Shehata Said A , Elfaidy Ahmed G.S , Sayed Shereen S F.EL , Abdeldaym Emad A.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine if salt-tolerant rootstock could be used to increase cucumber yield and quality in saline environments. Greenhouse experiments were conducted for 2020 and 2021, with five salt stress-tolerant rootstocks (Super Green (squash hybrid, Modesto seeds company, Modesto, California 95357, U.S.A.), Just (squash hybrid, American Takii seeds, California, U.S.A.), bottle gourd 1 (Legenaria siceraria, PI 491352), bottle gourd 2 (Legenaria siceraria, PI 491365), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. Colocynthoides), and Laurens (cucumber cultivar, Enza Zaden, Enkhuizen, Netherlands) and salt-sensitive genotypes of Luerans (scion). Specimens of these genotypes were subjected to distinct salinity levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM (NaCl). The morphophysiological responses of these genotypes to salt stress were evaluated. Under normal and stressful conditions, the plant height, leaf area (LA), leaf water content (LWC), number of leaves, root dry matter, shoot dry matter, rates of leaf appearance and stem elongation, fruit yield, and quality increased significantly in grafted cucumber plants compared with non-grafted individuals (control). Similar findings were noted in the physiological properties of antioxidant enzymes, proline content, and leaf nutrient concentration (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Na). Grafting of Luerans on five rootstocks significantly elevated the antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) activity level, increased proline accumulation, and reduced leaf sodium (Na) content.
Improving yield and quality of Manfalouty pomegranate growing in newly reclaimed soils by using bagging and some foliar spray treatments
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Abdelhalim , Gaber Shimaa H
Published: March 2023

We looked into bagging and spraying as potential methods for increasing the yield and quality of Manfaloty pomegranate trees. During the 2020 and 2021 seasons, 7-year-old trees were used in the investigation. They were grown in calcareous sandy soil at high temperatures. Six treatments were used to examine the effects on fruit yield and quality parameters at harvest time in the first week of September. These treatments included foliar spraying with kaolin and potassium silicate treatments, polypropylene bags and bagging with white and yellow paper. Results indicated that white paper bagging resulted in the lowest percentage of fruit cracking and sunburn compared to the control and other treatments. White paper bagging increased fruit yield, weight, length and diameter. Additionally, compared to the other treatments, the application of kaolin spray increased the biochemical contents of the fruit (TSS, total sugars, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and juice) while lowering acidity and tannins. We concluded that using kaolin spray and white paper bags could help increase the yield and quality of Manfaloty pomegranate grown under challenging conditions.
Growth and quality of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) as influenced by various plant extracts
Authors: Sabry Reham M , Salama Adel B , Wahba Hend E
Published: March 2023

Lemon balm (Melissa officinals) is one of the most valuable medicinal plants in herbal medicine. Bio-stimulants are likely to gain popularity as an alternative strategy for providing plants with nutrients, vitamins, and hormones that increase yield and quality. Field trials were conducted during two successive seasons, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, to assess lemon balm's growth and essential oil response to natural plant extracts with various concentrations. Lemon balm plants were exposed to moringa leaf extract (1, 2, 3 %), pomegranate peel extract (0.5, 1, 1.5 %) and banana peel extract (1, 2, 3 %) as a foliar spray. Growth characters (plant height, fresh and dry weights /plant) and chemical contents (NPK and total carbohydrates) were recorded. Moringa extract at 3% surpassed, in most cases, other plant extracts in improving the vegetative growth traits of lemon balm. Banana peel extract was more effective in increasing oil percent than moringa or pomegranate extracts. Besides, all extracts caused increase in N,P,K and carbohydrates over control while they yielded volatile oil without significantly altering the quality.
Genetic diversity analysis of guava (Psidium guajava L) genotypes in West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Tanmoy , Sarkar S.K
Published: March 2023

A total 28 traits enabled an assessment of the genetic variability of twenty-four guava genotypes. Many of these traits are significantly important and used for improvement programmes regarding fruit quality and yield. The TSS of fruit ranged from 8.57 0B (China genotype) to12.19 0B (Arka Kiran) and seed number/fruit 109.58 (Taiwan) to 303.67 (China genotype). Correlation studies revealed a strong positive correlation among quantitative traits related to fruit yield and quality while negative correlation between qualitative traits. Principal component analysis showed that the first three components with Eigen values could explain more than 76.99% of the total variation. PC1, PC2 and PC3 accounted for 41.15, 24.74 and 11.10%, respectively. Cluster analysis distinguished all the genotypes into three clusters/groups. The PCA and clustering analysis indicated a higher level of diversity in guava genotypes. Local cultivars such as Baruipur Local, Khaja, and Mohammad Khaja genotypes, as well as improved cultivars such as Arka Kiran, Philippines genotypes, were identified as having desirable fruit quality traits that could be used for commercialization and crop improvement.
Spindly growth of watercress observed under the monochromatic light of a red light-emitting diode improved with slight changes in light quality using white light-emitting diode
Authors: Mizushima Satoshi
Published: March 2023

The suppression effect of white light-emitting diode (LED) on spindly growth observed under monochromatic light of the red LED in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) was investigated for production in plant factory. Watercress was cultured in a growth chamber under total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 100 ?mol?m?2?s?1 using three differential treatments; the ratio of red LED to white LED based on PPFD was 100:0 (R100W0), 90:10 (R90W10), and 75:25 (R75W25). Watercress was harvested 33 days after sowing. The longest internode length was observed with R100W0. Watercress in R100W0 was observed lowest value for node number, maximum leaf length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, dry matter rate, and SPAD. R90W10 recorded higher values for maximum leaf length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, dry matter rate, and SPAD than R100W0. Therefore, in watercress cultivation, replacing the red LED with a white LED by 10% was effective for morphological changes and dry matter production.
Diversity of morphological characteristics and propagation by bulb chipping in rain lily Zephyranthes sp. in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Hoa Quynh , Phung Ha Thi Thu , Nguyen Duc Anh , Nguyen Thom Mai , Ngo Hai Minh
Published: March 2023

Vietnam is one of the countries with high biodiversity, with extremely rich and diverse genetic resources of flowers and ornamental plants, which are precious and valuable in the domestic and international markets. Currently, in Vietnam, rain lilies have many different shapes and colors. This study focused on evaluating the growth characteristics of ten different varieties of rain lily and the ability to propagate these varieties by bulb chipping method in winter-spring in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results show that there was a great diversity in growth characteristics among lily varieties in terms of the number of leaves (4.4 to 12.7), leaf length (8.3-22 cm), leaf width (2.4-9.7 mm), leaf thickness (1.0 to 1.7 mm), leaf angle (23-50o), and tillering ability in six months (0 to 5.8 branches/bulb). The flower colors were also diverse such as white, light pink, dark pink, orange, white. The number of petals was 6 or 12 petals, along with the diversity of flower structure. The ten varieties showed a different propagation capacity by bulb chipping ranging from 1 to 17 multiplication times. The bulbils derived from bulb chipping had the good quality, with the highest number of bulbils in the treatment of the four-piece-chipping. Therefore, the method can be applied to rain lily propagation in Vietnam.
A Comparative study on conventional and non-conventional extraction methodologies for extraction yield, quality and antibacterial investigation of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
Authors: Sandeep G , Arumugam T , Janavi G.J , Anitha T , Senthil K , Lakshmanan A
Published: March 2023

The effect of different extraction methods using ethanol as a green solvent, such as soaking/maceration, Soxhlet, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), on the percentage of extraction yield, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial effect, was investigated. Unknown phytochemicals present in moringa leaf extract from various extraction methods were identified using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and identified compounds ranged from twenty-eight compounds to thirty-four compounds from various extraction methods. On comparing the conventional and non-conventional methods of extraction, the quantity and quality of extracted moringa biomolecules were found to be high in terms of extraction yield (21.79 ± 0.10%), TPC (144.52 ± 3.44 QE mg/g)), TFC (22.93 ± 0.28 GA mg/g)) and antioxidant activity (84.15 ± 1.14%) in UAE followed by MAE in less time than conventional methods. Moringa leaf extract from UAE, showed a maximum zone of inhibition (56.25 ± 0.35 mm) against E. coli at higher concentrations. Based on the research results, UAE and MAE could be novel extraction methods for various industrial sectors with a wide range of nutrients and bioactivity. In future, these extracted compounds might be further purified, characterized and fortified with other food products to mitigate malnutrition.
Effects of drought stress on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of two Ethiopian red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cultivars
Authors: Molla Abiyu E , Andualem Animut M , Ayana Misganaw T , Zeru Melkamu A
Published: March 2023

Drought is the most predominant abiotic factor that affects plant growth and development. The present research examined at how drought stress affected the growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of Local and Markofana red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cultivars. Five-week-old cultivars were exposed to well-watered, low, moderate, and severe drought conditions, kept at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity, respectively. Nine-week-old cultivars were sampled to analyze the effects of the stress on different parameters of both cultivars. Compared with the control group, drought stress caused a reduction in growth, physiological and biochemical parameters; nevertheless, adverse effects of the stress were more noticeable in the Local cultivar. Severe drought stress significantly reduced shoot length in Markofana (53.71 %) compared to the control group. Significant variation was observed in relative water content in the Local cultivar (20.26 %) exposed to drought. In the Local cultivar, the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence declined significantly by 77.28 and 3.33 %, respectively. Therefore, the cultivar Markofana was relatively less affected by drought stress. In general, these differences in cultivar responses to drought stress may aid in developing drought tolerance genotypes that can withstand drought stress conditions with minimal yield losses.
A comparison of cabbage crop growth parameters and harvest maturity indices under different planting methods, with an emphasis on mechanical harvesting
Authors: Narwariya B.S , Agrawal K.N , Nandede B.M
Published: March 2023

The predominant method of cabbage harvesting in India is manual labor, which is both time-consuming and physically demanding. However, the introduction of mechanical harvesting could offer a viable solution to this problem. A plant physical properties database is needed before the developing mechanical harvesting system design. In view of this, a study was conducted to examine the effect of planting methods (flat, ridge-furrow and ridge-furrow with plastic mulch) on physical growth and harvesting age of crop and thereby find out the most suitable planting method for mechanical harvesting. For two cabbage cultivars (Syngenta BC-79 and S-996), the effect of planting methods on physical growth parameters (plant height, plant diameter, length of leaf stem, length of stem, stem diameter, head diameter, and head weight) and harvest maturity indices (compactness, specific gravity, total soluble solids, pH, and pattern of wrapper leaves) was studied. The planting methods had shown a significant effect on growth parameters such as plant height (270.56 mm), plant diameter (549.39 mm), stem length (58.61 mm), stem diameter (34.58 mm), head diameter (144.89 mm) and head weight (1.12 kg) at harvest. The maximum number of matured heads (83.66%) was recorded in ridge-furrow with mulch planting. The interaction effect of planting methods and cultivars was found to be non-significant for all physical growth indicators. The findings of this study provide a valuable planting method for cabbage growers from the perspective of mechanical harvesting.
Effect of priming on enhancing storability of high and low vigour brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) seeds
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Bedi Seema , Singh Rajinder , Singh Tavisha
Published: March 2023

The present study was on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) seeds var. Punjab Nagina. The quality of brinjal seeds in terms of vigour and viability severely declines due to natural ageing during storage between harvesting and the next sowing season. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various priming treatments on the quality and storability of brinjal seeds. The freshly harvested seed was divided into two lots. One of these seed lots was subjected to accelerated ageing to obtain low vigour seed and the other lot was considered to be high vigour. The high and low vigour seeds were primed with KNO3 (1%), GA3 (100ppm), KH2PO4 (0.1M), PEG 6000 (30%) and H2O, respectively for 12 hours at 25oC. The seeds were stored in moisture-impervious bags for 12 months in a refrigerator (4oC). The objective was to observe whether the priming treatments improve the seed vigour and retain the advantages obtained during storage. The seeds were drawn at three monthly intervals, viz., zero, three, six, nine and twelve months of storage to study germination percentage, speed of germination, mean days to germination, seedling length, root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and seedling aand vigour index. With an increase in storage duration, a decline in the physiological aspect of seed quality was observed in both high and low vigour seeds. All the priming treatments improved the germination-related parameters in both high and low vigour seeds over control but the extent of improvement varied. Seed priming with GA3 (100ppm) and KNO3 (1%) were the best treatments for both high and low vigour seeds, even after storage for 12 months.
Recent patents on intelligent automated fruit harvesting robots for sweet pepper and apple
Authors: Hua Yanbin , Nagasaka Ken
Published: March 2023

Robotic harvesting offers suitable solutions for optimizing scheduling, selection enabling, increasing operation efficiency and finally reduce the labor costs. These attributes allow the users of robot harvesters to maximize production efficiency and profits. This article reviews two automated fruit harvesting systems used for sweet pepper and apple as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of recent patents on intelligent automatic harvesting robots in horticulture.
Studies on Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Based Healthcare Systems Using The Machine Learning
Authors: HODA SK ANAMUL HODA , Mondal Abhoy Chand
Published: March 2023

There is a lot of information in healthcare and medical records. However, it is challenging for humans to turn data into information and spot hidden patterns in today's digitally-based culture. Effective decision-support technologies can help medical professionals find critical information concealed in voluminous data and support their clinical judgments as well as in different healthcare management activities. Research paper presented an extensive literature survey for Healthcare systems using the machine learning that is based on Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM). Various existing studies are considered for review and a critical analysis is being done through the reviews study which can help to the researchers to explore further research area to cater the need of the field
12 Haftalık Core Kuvvet Antrenmanlarının Seçili Bazı Motor Performans Parametreleri ile Futbol Teknik ve Becerileri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Kadın Futbolcular Örneği
Authors: ULUÇ Sinem , DURUKAN Erdil
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, 12 haftalık core kuvvet antrenmanlarının kadın futbolcuların denge, sürat, koordinasyon, çeviklik, anaerobik güç, teknik ve becerileri üzerine etkisi araştırıldı. Araştırmaya Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kadınlar 3. liginde yer alan ve lige hazırlanan Çanakkale Gençlik Spor Kulübü sporcularından, kontrol grubunda yaş ortalaması 21,63±2,57 yıl, boy ortalaması 1.64±0.03m ve vücut ağırlığı ortalaması 53,45±5,35 kg olan 11 sporcu, deney grubunda yaş ortalaması 23,72±5,17 yıl, boy ortalaması 1,63±0,05m ve vücut ağırlığı ortalaması 56,54±9,51kg olan 11 sporcu olmak üzere toplam 22 A takım sporcusu katıldı. Deney grubuna 12 hafta boyunca haftada 3 gün ortalama 30 dakikalık core kuvvet antrenmanı uygulandı. Kontrol grubu ise olağan futbol antrenmanlarına devam etti. Katılımcıların demografik bilgileri alınarak, vücut kütle indeksleri hesaplandı. Fonksiyonel hareket analizi, flamingo denge, Ilinois çeviklik, Margaria-Kalamen, oturarak top fırlatma, HÜFA yön değiştirmeli koşu ve Mor-Christian genel futbol yetenek testleri uygulandı. Deney ve kontrol gruplarına ön-test, ara-test (8. hafta) ve son-test (12. hafta) uygulandı. Veriler SPSS programında analiz edilerek, gruplar arası karşılaştırmada Mann-Whitney U ve Wilcoxon testleri uygulandı. Sonuç olarak; kadın futbolcularda 12 haftalık core kuvvet antrenmanlarının futbolcuların denge, çeviklik ve anaerobik güç özelliklerine etki etmediği, sürat, koordinasyon, teknik ve beceri özelliklerini geliştirdiği saptanmıştır.
PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RIFAMPICIN RESISTANT Mycobacterium tuberculosis AMONG PATIENTS RECEIVING TREATMENT IN ERCC MEDICAL CENTER ALUSHI, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: OBOH Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among patients undergoing treatment at the ERCC medical centre in Alushi from January 2017 to July 2021. A total of 3029 TB presumptive patients were included in the current investigation. The overall TB prevalence was 43.57%. There were 993 (64.90%) males, 10.1% of whom were rifampicin resistant, and 537 (35.09%) females, 34.8% of whom were rifampicin resistant. The highest prevalence is recorded in all age groups, was seen in the age bracket 21-30 with a total of 350 (26.51%) and 327 (24.77%) in the age range 31-40. Findings revealed that having a history of TB medication and being female were both associated with the development of rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis and patients aged 21 to 40 were more likely than others to be infected with tuberculosis and develop rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis. Because of the high prevalence, immediate action is essential to encourage early identification and the completion of DR-TB medication in order to prevent the disease from spreading in the community, as well as continuous community health education about tuberculosis and the risk of drug resistance
Evaluation of postoperative pain in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernioplasty by Lichtenstein
Authors: Milioli Ferreira Diogo , Franciss Maurice
Published: March 2023

Background: Lichtenstein's surgery is the most recommended technique in the treatment of unilateral inguinal hernias in men, due to its simplicity, speed, pain-free, and almost unrestricted return to physical activities. The evidence indicates that work and leisure activities can be resumed, by most patients, in three to five days after laparoscopic or conventional hernioplasties, without the risk of recurrences or complications. Nevertheless, chronic pain is the most common postoperative complication affecting about 30% of patients regardless of the surgical technique used. Predictive factors for chronic pain are young age, female gender, preoperative pain level, and postoperative pain intensity. 
Aim: To evaluate the perception of postoperative pain in patients who have undergone unilateral elective inguinal hernioplasty using the Lichtenstein technique in order to define predictors of the development of chronic pain and to identify the average time to return to work and to normal physical activity.
Methods: Analysis of electronic forms applied to patients that underwent elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair by Lichtenstein at a state hospital in a small town in the interior of Brazil. The statistical analyses were processed using the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0.  
Results: Data from 38 participants were analyzed with an average of 41.45 (± 13.94) years. Most of them returned to work and to light physical activities 45 days after surgery. There was a positive correlation between the presence of pain 90 days after surgery and the development of chronic pain (Spearman correlation of 0,818 and p < 0.001). 
Conclusion: Despite the small sample of this study, it awakens us to the consequences that Lichtenstein surgery can trigger for patients with inguinal hernia and the importance of good management and evaluation of postoperative pain in order to improve the quality of life of these patients.
Visions of Blindness in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Painting
Authors: Bianchi Alice
Published: March 2023

This essay explores the representation of blindness and its metaphorical dimension in scholar painting of Qing China (1644-1911), a period marked by a major increase of these images. Focusing on a 1757 Zhu Yan’s handscroll titled Groups of Blind People, where one hundred blind characters are engaged in comic or incongruous situations such as appreciating antiquities, fighting or grabbing a giant copper coin, it examines the use of humor and visual satire to express moral criticism, with emphasis on identifying and explaining some of the puns or familiar sayings on which these images rely. By casting some light on this and similar works, as well as sorting out other modes in which the blind were depicted in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century China, the article also aims to open the way to further studies of this topic.
Les caricatures stylisées de Huang Yao et Yancong ou la quadrature du cercle
Authors: Danysz Norbert
Published: March 2023

Les personnages circulaires dessinés par Huang Yao dans les années 1930-1940 et par Yancong dans les années 2000-2010 interrogent la possibilité d’une caricature non plus définie par la charge graphique, comme le laisse entendre d’abord son étymologie, mais au contraire par l’épure, par la stylisation presque géométrique des visages. Depuis le gag jusqu’à l’humour noir et à la satire, le Niubizi de Huang Yao et les personnages de Yancong provoquent différents types de rire, mais la subversion dans laquelle s’inscrivent ces caricatures s’avère avant tout esthétique. Enfin, le minimalisme des figures chez ces deux artistes peut s’expliquer par d’autres stratégies liées à des conditions techniques, des exigences commerciales, des inclinations idéologiques ou encore des considérations auctoriales.
Dessiner l’ennemi en République démocratique du Vietnam (1945-1975)
Authors: Thau Jade
Published: March 2023

Au Vietnam, c’est au moment de la période coloniale que la veine humoristique prend son essor. Ainsi, lors de l’émergence du mouvement d’indépendance vietnamien envers le régime colonial français en 1945, les peintres formés à l’école des Beaux-Arts de l’Indochine produisent des images aux codes iconographiques et stylistiques connus de tous, notamment la caricature, afin de convaincre les populations rurales. Dans cet article, nous tentons d’analyser l’évolution de ce genre sur les affiches de propagande jusqu’en 1975.
Children-at-play Prints and the Affective Nature of Political Caricature in Edo in 1868
Authors: Mueller Doreen
Published: March 2023

This article re-examines the expression of political satire in children-at-play prints issued in Edo in the spring and summer of 1868. The prints envisioned key events of the Boshin War through the lens of Edo’s popular culture. This article argues that the satirical meanings of these prints were not primarily grounded in an adversarial position towards the government but in the wish to affirm the values of townspeople’s culture at a time of political instability. This was achieved by projecting an affective gaze onto Edo children, their games, and the popular cultural practices these pertained to.
Why local initiatives for the energy transition should coordinate: The case of cities for fuel cell buses in Europe
Authors: Meunier Guy , Moulin Lucie , Ponssard Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2023

Hydrogen is a possible alternative to the internal combustion engine, alongside battery-powered vehicles, in the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with transport activities. The costs associated with hydrogen vehicles are currently high, even when considering the greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants avoided by their use. Efforts to reduce these costs, which will determine the social and environmental desirability of hydrogen vehicles, face two challenges: the high cost of refueling, linked to the crucial problem of coordination between development of the vehicle fleet and refueling infrastructure; and high purchase prices, which may decrease when enough generate experience effects. This paper argues that each of these two handicaps calls for a specific policy design: at a local level for coordination between actors, and at a European level to generate sufficient volumes. The example of hydrogen-powered urban buses analyzed through the Joint Initiative for Hydrogen Vehicles across Europe (JIVE) offers a telling illustration of these issues.JEL classification: Q55, Q42, C61.
Les services de véhicules automatisés seront-ils pertinents dans des territoires d’agglomération éloignés du réseau de transport en commun structurant ?
Authors: Poulhès Alexis , Berrada Jaâfar
Published: March 2023

L’émergence des véhicules automatisés (VA) est toujours incertaine mais les collectivités voient son usage en tant que taxi partagé dans un réseau de transport en commun comme prometteur. Si le potentiel est important, les études socioéconomiques de services intégrés au réseau de transport en commun actuel, en remplacement de service de bus manquent. Cette recherche propose d’évaluer le remplacement de lignes de bus sur deux territoires de l’agglomération parisienne, Palaiseau et Montreuil par ce type de service innovant. Une approche par simulation permet de proposer le service le plus performant pour le territoire d’un point de vue social, économique et environnemental. Des scénarios d’offre et de demande permettent de comparer plusieurs configurations de service. Les résultats sont plutôt en faveur du service de VA partagés avec des surplus positifs dans toutes les simulations effectuées. Pourtant, si le coût du VA ou le niveau de demande initial a peu d’impact sur le surplus, un faible gisement de demande en faveur du VA ou une vitesse limitée par la congestion limitent fortement l’intérêt du service. Le bilan environnemental des VA est encore peu documenté et toujours sous-évalué dans les bilans socio-économiques.Classification JEL : C63, R41.
How to be a good forerunner in carbon neutral trucking
Authors: Littlejohn Christina , Proost Stef
Published: March 2023

EU countries want to decarbonize their road freight transport quickly. Long-haul electric trucks are a promising technology. There are several competing designs but at present the trade-off is between e-trucks with very large batteries and e-trucks with a smaller battery but combined with motorways electrified via catenary lines. In the latter case a combination of public investment (catenary lines on major motorways) and private investment (electric trucks) is required. As long-haul truck transport is partly international this raises problems of coordination among countries. We study the possible pricing and investment strategy of one forerunner country that faces lagging neighbors. The forerunner can make the use of electric trucks mandatory on its own territory by using very high road charges for diesel trucks. If it has opted for a catenary system, it faces still the choice of how it will price the use of its electric motorways. International diesel trucks, when crossing the border of a forerunner country, must choose between paying high charges and transferring the load into an e-truck. We study the outcome of this international coordination game exploring the non-cooperative outcome varying the relative size of the forerunner in international truck traffic. The same investment coordination is present when one counts on a combination of more dense and cheaper batteries with fast chargers. It is the country with the smallest appetite for decarbonized trucking that will dictate the development in international electric trucking.JEL classification: Q54, Q55, Q58, R42, R48.
Incentives for modal shift towards sustainable mobility solutions: A review
Authors: Salihou Fawaz , Le Boennec Rémy , Bulteau Julie , Da Costa Pascal
Published: March 2023

Despite its advantages, road transport generates negative externalities. To reduce them, the use of single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) must be limited to promote other transport modes (active modes, public transport and shared mobility). This paper aims to examine the economic and non-economic incentives (as persuasive technologies and psychological factors) for a modal shift to sustainable mobility solutions. The independent application of these two types of measures has revealed effectiveness but also limitations. Economic incentives pose a problem of social acceptability for economic agents and limit the freedom to drive. The boomerang effect and ineffectiveness in specific cultural and economic contexts are the main limitations of non-economic incentives. To maximize effectiveness in terms of modal shift towards sustainable mobility solutions, economic and non-economic incentives need to be combined.JEL classification: R41, R48, H23, H39.
Jouer aux jeux vidéo après soixante ans : technobiographie, bricolage et isolement
Authors: Lavenir Gabrielle
Published: March 2023

Que fait l’âge, et en particulier le grand âge, au jeu vidéo ? A partir d’une enquête mobilisant l’observation de trente ateliers d’initiation au jeu vidéo pour les seniors, et d’entretiens avec seize personnes de plus de soixante ans qui jouent chez elles, cet article étudie les pratiques vidéoludiques des plus âgé·es et les représentations des « seniors gamers » sous l’angle de l’apprentissage. Le jeu vidéo constitue pour les individus âgés un espace de négociation avec le vieillissement, qui pèse matériellement et discursivement sur les pratiques vidéoludiques. Le processus d’apprentissage met en évidence trois dimensions spécifiques du jeu vidéo des plus âgé·es : une temporalité longue mais discontinue, une incorporation tiraillée entre la discipline et le confort, et des sociabilités peu accessibles mais aussi peu désirées, trois éléments qui contribuent à faire du jeu vidéo chez les plus âgé·es une pratique invisible.