bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Evaluation System of College Students’ Ideological Education Supporting Smoking Banon Campus in the AI Era-Based on the Analysis Framework of AGIL
Authors: Litao Jiao , Beibei Liu
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Artificial intelligence has profoundly changed the way of university education. The tobacco ban on university campuses has become a consensus among people. The public smoking ban among university students requires both external constraints and internal ideological
education. The evaluation system construction of college students’ ideological education is an effective way to improve the quality of college students’ ideological education, and it has a guiding role in promoting the ideological education of college students. The evaluation system
is a whole, so we should start from structural function, and pursue the system construction and implementation path from the inside to the outside. Parsons Structural Function Analysis Framework (AGIL) is a systematic analysis method to study the structural function of social action. Using
AGIL for analysis, the evaluation subject, evaluation objective, evaluation organization and evaluation system constitute the functional structure of the evaluation. To build an ideological education evaluation system for college students, the implementation path involves optimizing evaluation
subject and promoting result evaluation; focusing on evaluation objectives and enhancing process evaluation; strengthening evaluation organization and breaking through value-added evaluation; improving evaluation system and perfecting comprehensive evaluation.
The Changes and Development Direction of Traditional Chinese Villages after Reform and Opening up —Taking Tunpu, Guizhou as an Example
Authors: Shoubin Zheng , Xiaoqing Yu
Published: December 2021

After the reform and opening up, the speed of changes in China's rural areas is extremely rare in the history of China and even the world. The rapid development of China's economy leads this process of change. During this period, the speed of China's development caused great changes
in ethnic identity, physical space, and cultural structure of traditional villages. On the whole, these changes were made passively along with the economic development of the entire country's large-scale system. Such passive village changes are mainly positive, but there are also negative
aspects. Excessive reliance on exogenous economic forces can easily lead to lower uniqueness of the village’s culture, which is unconducive to the sustainable development of the village. Therefore, traditional Chinese villages should be developed based on the differences between urban
and rural areas and the uniqueness of specific villages. This can not only meet the economic development needs of the village, but also achieve cultural diversity inheritance of traditional Chinese villages, thereby avoiding the continuous destruction and damage of the unique culture of specific
villages in economic development.
Financial Service Based on Data Federation: An Application in Tobacco Supply Chain
Authors: Huijun Tang
Published: December 2021

Objectives: We carry out governing research on the structure of the supply chain financing based on data federation, taking tobacco supply chain as an example so as to achieve the goal of establishing real-time, transparent and traceable supply chain financing.
Methods: Based on the requirements of data federation, we use horizontal federation, vertical federation and transferfederation to build digital federation model, it is to realize the integrated credibility and risk control of supply chain financing. Results:
Through data federation modeling, the data in the tobacco supply chain is linked. With complete data, financial institutions can remove invalid customers in the preliminary review process and effectively control the cost of credit review. Conclusion: The construction
of supply chain financingtrust mechanism under data federation can optimize the lending data flow of theenterprises.
Teaching Decision-Making Based on Online Learning Big Data of Tobacco Courses: The Perspective of Student Portraits
Authors: Ziyu Liu , Mengying Yao , Shugui Cao
Published: December 2021

The high-quality development and technological upgrading of the tobacco industry put forward higher requirements for the overall quality of talents. In the context of the increasing popularity of blended teaching, in order to help teachers, major in tobacco, tomake better teaching
decisions in the teaching process, guide college students majoring in tobacco to better complete their studies and provide timely warnings for students’ unhealthy conditions, this article proposes a method to assist teachers in teaching decision-making based on student portraits constructed
based on online learning big data. First, collect basic student information and student learning information from the online learning platform. Secondly, preprocess of the data, delete data and normalize dense data. Then, collect and classify student information to form a portrait of basic
student information, a portrait of learning achievements, a portrait of learning active level and a portrait of learning status. Analyze the portrait to guide and assist students in their learning and to give early warning of bad learning conditions. At last, analyze the student portraits
according to different rules and put forward corresponding suggestions according to the characteristics of different groups of college students. According to the learning situation of learners majoring in tobacco, the article constructs the student portrait label system and portrait model.
According to the constructed student portrait, it puts forward learning suggestions for individual students and student groups respectively. In the field of tobacco teaching, it has certain reference significance and application value in providing decision-making reference for differentiated
and individualized teaching and assisting teaching decision-making.
A Multi-Dimensional Exploration of Future Aspect Marker "Dai" in Chinese Dialect from the Perspective of Typology — Take Gansu Tianzhu Dialect as an Example
Authors: Shan Song , Chunfang Min
Published: December 2021

Objectives: In Tianzhu dialect, the use of the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" is frequent. The grammatical meaning of the future aspect marker, "verb phrase (VP) +'Dai[tɛi44]+[lio21]'", in Tianzhu dialect
can be divided into two categories according to the differences of VP: one indicates that the end of the action is about to be reached, that is, "VP +'Dai1[tɛi44]+[lio21]'"; the other indicates that the action is about to begin, that is, "VP +‘Dai2[tɛi44]+[lio21]’
". This article takes the Tianzhu dialect aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" as the main research object, and focuses on the grammatical functions and semantic features of "Dai1[tɛi44]" and "Dai2[tɛi44]" by studying
the actionality types of verbs in Tianzhu dialect, and compares the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" in Tianzhu dialect with the future aspect markers of other Chinese dialect in Northwest China, and generalizes the geographical distribution and regional characteristics
of the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]".
Forest Carbon Sequestration Demand Based on Emissions Reduction in China’s Thermal Power and Steel Industries: Implications for Tobacco Industry
Authors: Huibo Qi , Fei Long , Xiaowei Gao
Published: December 2021

Objectives: China is a large country of tobacco production and consumption. In the construction and development of carbon market, the tobacco industry is expected to realizing energy conservation and emission reduction by participating in carbon trading, especially focusing
on the forest carbon sequestration demand based on emissions reduction. Compared with the tobacco industry, the heavy pollution industries participate in the carbon market more deeply and widely. Therefore, this paper takes thermal power and steel industries as the research object, in order
to provide some implications for the emission reduction path of tobacco industry. It considers the CO2 emissions intensity and marginal abatement costs (MAC) between China’s thermal power and steel industries during 2005–2017, and quantifies the forest carbon sequestration (FCS)
demand level of these two industries to account for the role and potential of the forests for China’s green and low-carbon development. Methods: It uses a logistic algorithm to reflect the relationship among FCS demand, MAC and other influencing factors, and
the cloud model to simulate FCS demand in different scenarios. Results: It shows an average decline of 54.06% and 56.05% in the carbon intensity of the two industries over the period. The average annualMAC are 11.82–25.55 CNY/ton across pilots, while the annual
FCS demand expectation is 35 and 45 million tons for the thermal power and steel industries, respectively. If the MAC increases by 10%, the annual FCS demand will increase to 90 and 50 million tons, respectively. Other factors such as the prices of carbon emissions rights, carbon emission
quotas, and industry output show little effect on FCS demand. Conclusion: The economic and technological efficiency of emissions reduction in different industries should be considered comprehensively, and that the consumer to producer subsidy for FCS in the carbon
market should be adjusted for resource distribution optimization. This would promote emissions reduction, stimulate FCS demand, and improve the carbon market mechanism.
Application of Dejian Psychosomatic Therapy to Smokers with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Xin Liu
Published: December 2021

To explore the intervention effect of Dejian psychosomatic therapy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in elderly smokers, in as to improve clinical impact of COPD in smokers who are the aged. Forty elderly smokers with COPD were comprise of treatment group, control group,
which are trained for 45 days to test the following indicators. Vital mass Index (VMI), forced Vital capacity (FVC), Maximum Chase air volume (MVV) and so on showed significant improvement in lung function indicators in both the treatment group and the control group (P < 0.05). Improvement
impact of control group was not better than that of the treatment group, with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Dejian psychosomatic therapy has a systematic good effect on copd smokers, promoting the improvement and promotion of lung function, and strengthening the physical function
of copd smokers in stable stage.
The Moral Education Function and Path Choice of Art Education in Elementary Education
Authors: Kunqi Wang
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Since the 21st century, the cultivation of talents has shifted from the "core of knowledge" to the "core of literacy", which is also an emphasis on and attention to the core literacy of students. The elementary education policy represents
an important measure in China's comprehensive quality education, and it puts forward higher requirements on the content and evaluation standards of basic art education. Ideological and moral education has always been highly valued in China. Moral education courses are compulsory public courses
for students from elementary school to middle school across the country. The contradiction between the development and prosperity of moral education and the ideological and moral problems of students in the compulsory education stage is thought provoking. It is imperative to reform the existing
moral education work. Giving full play to the moral education function of art education in elementary education is a popular and effective way for students in elementary and middle schools. The significance of this article's research on the moral education function of art education in elementary
education is to infiltrate the moral education of art education, cultivate sentiments, improve students' aesthetic ability, cultivate students' artistic qualities and innovative thinking, to cultivate all-round development of people.
The Impact of Big Data Capability on Enterprise Performance—theMediating Effect of Supply Chain Flexibility
Authors: Feng Ji , Guiqing Cheng , Xuedi Jia , Qubo Luo , Fan Wu
Published: December 2021

Based on 234 survey data of 35 pilot demonstration enterprises in intelligent manufacturing, this paper tested the mediating role of supply chain flexibility in the process of big data capability affecting enterprise performance. The empirical results show that the foundation capability,
application capability, and development capability all have a significant positive impact on enterprises performance. Big data foundation capability has a significant positive effect on the supply chain flexibility in terms of product flexibility, logistics flexibility and production flexibility,
and it has no significant effect on purchasing flexibility and information flexibility. Both big data application capability and big data development capability have a positive effect on supply chain flexibility. In addition to purchasing flexibility, the other dimensions of supply chain flexibility
and supply chain flexibility comprehensive factors all have a mediating effect on the relationship between big data capabilities and firm performance. The conclusions of this study have a positive enlightenment role for enterprises to develop big data capabilities and create a flexible supply
chain to meet the needs of the market and customers.
Evaluation of Economic Operation Effect of Rural Small Water-lifting Irrigation Pumping Station Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model
Authors: Zhenggang Huo , Yifan Shen , Xiaoting Zha
Published: December 2021

With the continuous advancement of the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices across the country, various water management units across the country have strengthened the management and protection of irrigation facilities such as irrigation pumping stations, improved the
operating efficiency of irrigation pumping stations, and saved agricultural irrigation costs; There is still an imbalance in the management and protection of water-lifting irrigation pumping stations, especially in the evaluation of the economic operation effect of the pumping station. For
this reason, this paper uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the economic operation of small-scale rural water-lifting irrigation pumping stations. The effect was quantitatively evaluated, providing new and reliable ideas and methods for water management related management
departments to evaluate the economic operation of pumping stations; through empirical research on City G, it was also found that City G is still in the economic operation of small irrigation pumping stations. There are some shortcomings, and some technical and economic measures can be used
to further improve the economic operation and management efficiency of the pumping station, and further reduce the cost of agricultural irrigation.
Research on Market-oriented Allocation of Scientific and Technological Financial Factors
Authors: Ran Liu , Pingfeng Liu
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This paper combs and defines the related concepts of the elements of science and technology finance, and determines the composition of the innovation elements of science and technology finance and the market system of science and technology finance elements
based on the correlation and function among the modules such as the goal, subject, object, environment and mode of the allocation of science and technology finance elements. It is proposed that the market-oriented allocation of scientific and technological financial factors includes two steps:
one is the factor flow under the ecological environment of scientific and technological financial innovation and regional gravity, and the other is the factor distribution and combination under the market-oriented mechanism. Through the coordination between the government and the market, we
have improved the supply and demand mechanism, competition mechanism, price mechanism and feedback mechanism of the market of scientific and technological financial factors, and established the market-oriented allocation mechanism of scientific and technological financial factors. From the
aspects of improving the basic guarantee of environmental factors, promoting the free flow of capital factors, improving the efficient supply of labor factors, promoting the strong support of data factors, improving the pricing mechanism of technical factors, and strengthening the risk control
system, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the market-oriented allocation mechanism of scientific and technological financial factors.
Research on Supply Chain Cooperation Optimization Model of Electric Heating Market Replacing Traditional Coal Power Generation
Authors: Zhuo Yang , Ju Wang , Jie Tang
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The rapid development of central heating service in China mostly uses fossil fuels such as coal for production. The market competitiveness of new energy such as wind and solar energy to replace coal to produce heat energy for heating is relatively poor. Under
the multiple requirements of energy security, ambient air quality and low carbon, electric heating is practicable because of its flexible use, adapts to the differential demand of consumers for heat, which energy supply can improve efficiency with the progress of power generation technology
and so on. On the basis of case study data and results of residential users, companies and public buildings adopting electric heating technology, the analysis of consumer demand, supply chain structure and market relationship in China's electric heating market, this paper discusses the supply
chain cooperation model by using revenue sharing contract mode. The results show that the performance of the benefit sharing ratio in the data simulation is acceptable when the revenue sharing contract is used in the supply chain. This model can promote the spontaneous and effective operation
of the market, and help the local government in China to get rid of the embarrassment of the continuous subsidy.
Study on Coordination Evaluation of Modern Logistics Industry and Regional Economy High-Quality Development in Hunan Province
Authors: Juan Xu
Published: December 2021

Objectives: We calculate the coupling coordination degree between modern logistics industry and high-quality development of regional economy in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019. Methods: In this study, the coupling coordination degree model is
constructed and the calculation is carried out based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: (1) The degree of coupling coordination between modern logistics industry and high-quality development of regional economy in Hunan province is generally on the rise
from 2008 to 2019. (2) From 2013 to 2019, the development of modern logistics industry and regional economy in Hunan Province has been in a state of "high-level coordination". The 19th National Congress clearly put forward high-quality development. From 2018 to 2019, the degree of
coupled and coordinated development between modern logistics industry and high-quality development of regional economy in Hunan Province showed a state of "high-level coordination". According to this conclusion, Combined with the "three highs and four new" strategy and
the urban requirements of the new development concept in Hunan Province, this paper puts forward some suggestions on promoting the modern logistics industry in Hunan Province and promoting the coordinated development of regional economy with high quality.
On the Multidisciplinary Perspective of Medical Education Model Research and Its Impact on Medical Students' Smoking Behavior
Authors: Sihua Chen , Shuang Wu , Biao Xi
Published: December 2021

Medical education research is relatively an emerging field, which is not only because of its interdisciplinary nature of pedagogy and medicine, but more importantly, the methods and findings of medical education research are borrowed from research results and literature in the fields
of pedagogy, history, sociology, cognition and psychology. This determines the multidisciplinary nature of medical education research. In fact, many research problems are complex and diverse, which requires the use of knowledge and resources in multiple disciplines and fields for understanding
or solution. Hence, now more emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary research, rather than pure multidisciplinary research, which is to integrate the theories, thinking and methods of multiple disciplines to jointly study a problem. In medical education research, appropriate use of theories
and methods of different disciplines may produce new theories and methods, which in turn may be used for reference by other disciplines and fields. On the premise of this multi-disciplinary perspective, this paper discusses the impact of the change of medical education model on the smoking
behavior of medical students, and points out that the non-smoking behavior of medical students is especially affected by the interaction between the role model behavior of teachers in medical colleges and the teaching humanistic environment, Finally, the conclusion is that the research on
medical education similar to complex cases needs to be examined from the perspective of integrated thinking and multi-disciplinary.
A Quantitative Study on the Policy Text of Chinese Government Purchasing Public Sports Services under the Background of the Smoking Ban: From the Perspective of Policy Tools
Authors: Xiangyu Meng , Shangli Liu , Zheng Liu
Published: December 2021

Under the background of the smoking ban China, the quantitative analysis of policy texts is adopted to analyze 90 existing policy texts that are closely related to the government's purchase of public sports services in China. A two-dimensional analysis framework of policy instruments
is constructed in this paper to analyze the government's purchase of public sports services policy from the perspective of the Y dimension of the policy instruments, which includes three participants: government departments, social organizations and individual citizens, and the X dimension
of the economic, political, administrative, management and social policy instruments, revealing the concrete performance of the government's purchase of public sports services policy as the transformation of government functions. Some problems such as insufficient use of some policy instruments
in the policy text and further improvement of the management system are found, and corresponding suggestions are put forward in order to provide theoretical reference for policy improvement.
The Evolution and Characteristics of Chinese Overseas Education in the UK (1949-1965)
Authors: Jinian Lai
Published: December 2021

Objectives: On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, a large number of students studying in Britain returned home under the influence of the Chinese policies and their patriotic feelings, which laid the foundation for studying abroad education in New
China. In the first few years after the founding of New China, the Chinese government adopted a "one-sided" approach in diplomacy, that is, it favored the eastern bloc headed by the Soviet Union and did not send students to Britain. After the Korean War, China and Britain established
diplomatic relations at the level of charge d'affairs in 1954, providing an opening for Chinese overseas education in Britain. From 1956 to 1965, China sent a certain number of international students to Britain, which was determined by Sino-British relationship. The majors of these English
students were mainly natural science, and a few students’ majors were English language. The living expenses of students studying in the UK were provided by the Chinese Embassy in the UK, which exercised the authority to manage students studying in the UK.
Regional Corruption, Urbanization, and Smokeless Development: An Empirical Study from China
Authors: Bingwen Yu , Chang Zhang
Published: December 2021

Economic development is not only about quantity, but also about quality, so it’s important to regulate the tobacco, and make the development in a low carbon and smokeless way. Relying on the Chinese city-level dynamic panel data of 2005–2018 and using GMM estimation,
this study founded that corruption aggravates carbon emission as well as the pollution effects of urbanization. When the environmental effect of corruption via urbanization is controlled, urbanization can reduce carbon emissions. Furthermore, the inverted U-shaped relationship between urbanization
and carbon emission exists with turning point at 3.60, that means when the corruption level is below (above) 3.60, urbanization can improve (aggravate) environmental quality. The results also suggested that urbanization improved environmental quality in 32 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai,
while in others, it aggravated environmental pollution. Namely that urbanization can improve the local environmental quality only when the corruption level is low; otherwise, it would aggravate the local environmental pollution. By calculating the average corruption level for different city
administrative level—above prefecture-level cities, prefecture-level cities, and county-level cities—the values of which were estimated as 3.48, 3.82, and 4.02 respectively, we also founded that urbanization has improved environmental quality only in the above prefecture-level
cities, while in the other cities, urbanization has aggravated the local environmental pollution.
Deepening the Integration of Big Data and Ideological and Political Education
Authors: Wenying Ning
Published: December 2021

Question consciousness and practice orientation are the fundamental focus of the development and innovation of ideological and political education. We should have an insight into the penetration of big data into the development and innovation of ideological and political education,
and reflect on the current situation of the response of ideological and political education to big data in the development process. Especially, in the rumination of the failed experience, we are enlightened to take the basic theory of Marxism as the guide, take the basic laws, fundamental
principles and essence of ideological and political education as the leading factor, and take the technical advantages, carrier advantages and thinking advantages of big data as the support, so as to deeply study the basic point, direction and rationale of the integration of big data and ideological
and political education, and deepen the integration of big data and ideological and political education. This will help to further enhance the sense of the times, appeal and timeliness of ideological and political education, and contribute to the better realization of the optimization and
upgrading of the national governance system and implementation of the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue.
Sobre la discutida naturaleza objetiva de la responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración
Authors: Fernández Tomás-Ramón
Published: December 2021

El significado originario del sistema de responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración implantado en 1954 ha sido objeto de una grave deformación en los primeros años de este siglo, que es forzoso corregir. Lo ha hecho la Sentencia constitucional de 17 de Octubre de 2018, que el autor analiza.
La cuestión competencial en el ámbito de la contratación del sector público: la delimitación de lo básico en la doctrina constitucional (STC 68/2021, de 18 de marzo)
Authors: Pérez Fernández José Manuel
Published: December 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar cómo se articula la distribución de competencias en el ámbito de la contratación pública, tomando como punto de partida la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional que resuelve el recurso de inconstitucionalidad planteado contra la Ley de Contratos del Sector Público. En primer lugar, y a modo de introducción, se exponen los elementos sustanciales del conflicto suscitado por el Gobierno de la Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón. En segundo lugar, se examinan los títulos que avalan la intervención del Estado en materia de contratación pública, con especial atención a la delimitación de lo «básico» por parte del Tribunal Constitucional. Y en tercer lugar, exploraremos las vías de actuación que se abren a las comunidades autónomas a raíz de la sentencia. El trabajo concluye con unas breves reflexiones.
Perkembangan Islam pada Masa Kerajaan Demak
Authors: Afidah Nur
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kejayaan Kerajaan Demak dan perkembangan pendidikan Islam pada masa Kerajaan Demak. Dalam artikel ini bersifat kualitatif-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis. Pendekatan historis adalah metode pendekatan dengan cara penelaahan sumber-sumber yang berisi informasi tentang masa lampau, membahas secara mendalam tentang seluk-beluk hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan sejarah peradaban Islam pada masa Kerajaan Demak.  Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkembangan Islam di Nusantara terutama pada masa awal pembentukannya sebagai kekuatan sosial dan budaya, berlangsung dan sejalan dengan dinamika politik internal di wilayah tersebut, kerajaan atau juga disebut dengan kesultanan dalam perkembangannya berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai pusat politik dan ekonomi, tetapi juga sekaligus sebagai basis bagi berlangsungnya proses islamisasi. Munculnya kerajaan-kerajaan Islam di Nusantara membuka keyakinan bagi terintegrasinya nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam sistem sosial dan politik Nusantara. Kerajaan-kerajaan itu merupakan dari para penguasa, para pedagang dan pengembara muslim berperan sebagai pelaku ekonomi sekaligus juru dakwah yang memperkenakan Islam kepada masyarakat lokal.
International Network, Social Capital and the Role of Muhammadiyah During the 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake
Authors: Anam Muhammad Zahrul , Sugito Sugito
Published: December 2021

This article aims to investigate the impact of the international network and social capital on the effectiveness of Muhammadiyah’s emergency response in the 2006 Bantul earthquake. Despite paying more attention to religious and spiritual issues, Muhammadiyah, an Islamic-based social movement, plays a significant role in humanitarian issues. The 2006 earthquake in Bantul devastated public amenities, claimed thousands of people, and caused economic loss. The local government and private sectors of Bantul could not cope with the disaster. The most disaster-affected districts in Bantul Regency were Pundong, Bambanglipuro, and Jetis. Then, Muhammadiyah made an immediate emergency response to help those affected districts. In collaboration with overseas counterparts, Muhammadiyah collected humanitarian assistance. Muhammadiyah might not complete its humanitarian mission without the support of existing local Muhammadiyah in those districts. In other words, Muhammadiyah’s social capital is influential for humanitarian missions. This paper utilized two concepts to elaborate on the effectiveness of Muhammadiyah’s emergency response, namely transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and social capital. Then, this article argues that the higher level of TANs and social capital Muhammadiyah has, the more emergency response it can complete effectively. This paper discovered that three districts had different levels of TANs and social capital. In Pundong, the level of leverage politics (TANs) was higher than social capital. However, both Bambanglipuro and Jetis had a high level of social capital, whereas their leverage politics were low.
Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers in Afghanistan: Cultural Traits as Pivotal Factor
Authors: Qanet Ghulam Mohammad , Alam Mohammad Shekaib , Jan Mohammad Naqib Ishan
Published: December 2021

This paper explores the cultural values that prevailed in Afghanistan to understand the recruitment and use of underage soldiers in the long-lasting armed conflict while comparing the existing domestic and international law. The study analyzed the effect of the traditions of Afghans on child soldiering. The method was doctrinal, and therefore, the collected and analyzed data was qualitative. The analysis was thematical, where each related idea was subjected to review and evaluation. The research found that since time immemorial, the Afghan culture traditions were conducive to underage soldiering for various reasons, including peace and justice where male and female child warriors are treated as heroes, perhaps more than any other member of the Afghan society. Due to the stated reasonings, the study established that more underage soldiers were used and recruited during the period of the British Empire, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the civil war that caused the Taliban and Northern Alliance to resume control and in the post 9/11 phase of armed conflict in Afghanistan irrespective of domestic and international law that prohibited the recruitment and use of underage soldiers as it violated their basic fundamental rights of childhood.
Women’s Labor Force Success in Hong Kong
Authors: Widodo Widodo
Published: December 2021

International migration occurs because population growth does not match the job opportunities and availability. This issue has increased labor migration abroad. International migration as a workforce is dominated by female migrant workers or Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW). Women in their development want to actualize themselves by having transitional roles as workers who actively earn money for their families. During this time, news and research are still around the protection and problems TKI / TKW has experienced. Only a few studies have focused on the TKI / TKW’s success during their work. This research is qualitative using the textual study method by analyzing secondary data from various related literature and former TKW interviews. Empirical data showed that the factors leading to Hong Kong’s success were caused by the Hong Kong and Indonesian governments’ policies. They protected the workers’ rights and support to self-actualize, and female workers began to join the organization. Thus, women had more insight, freedom, and confidence to work in Hong Kong.
10 Years School Construction in Haiti: Technical Learnings from a Multiple Construction Program
Authors: Ubertini Christian
Published: December 2021

In the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti's earthquake, the Government of Haiti faced massive reconstruction needs in all sectors. As part of the response of the Government of Haiti to the massive reconstruction needs, from 2010 to 2020, the IDB designed a series of grant operations plus seven co-financings designed to support a wider School Reconstruction Program. These operations achieved the (re)construction of 90 public schools countrywide, which resulted in the creation of approximately 1,000 classrooms and 40,000 seats, providing a safer and comfortable learning environment for approximately 60,000 children each school year.
Building a more Resilient and Low-Carbon Caribbean - Report 1: Climate Resiliency and Building Materials in the Caribbean
Authors: Bailey Jed , Carvajal Paola , García Fernández Javier , Gischler Christiaan , Henriquez Carlos , Minoja Livia
Published: December 2021

The Caribbean islands are among the 25 most-vulnerable nations in terms of disasters per-capita or land area, and climate change is only expected to intensify these vulnerabilities. The loss caused by climate events drags the ability of the Caribbean countries to invest in infrastructure and social programs, contributing to slower productivity growth, poorer health outcomes, and lower standards of living. Within this context, building resiliency should become a priority for the Caribbean countries. The series “Building a more resilient and low-carbon Caribbean”, focuses on improving the resiliency, sustainability and decarbonization of the construction industry in the Caribbean. The results show that increasing building resiliency is economically viable for the high-risk islands of the Caribbean, generating long term savings and increasing the infrastructure preparedness to the impacts of CC. Report 1 - Climate Resiliency and Building Materials in the Caribbean, presents a quantification of the economic losses caused by climate impact events in the Caribbean Region and correlate these figures with the most common construction materials, typically used in each of the countries building typologies. The losses caused by hurricanes concentrate mostly in the residential infrastructure and are mainly caused by weaknesses in roofs and their connection to the walls. The analysis suggests that improving the resiliency of outer walls and roofs in the Caribbean could significantly reduce the regions vulnerability to hurricanes and other climate impacts.
Algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of primary placental dysfunction in pregnant women of risk groups
Authors: Kravchenko O.V.
Published: December 2021

Research objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnosis and complex therapy of placental dysfunction (PD) in early stages of gestation.Materials and methods. We examined 110 pregnant women with risk for the primary PD. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, anomalies of fetal development and internal genital organs of the mother, pregnancy resulting from assisted reproductive technologies.The diagnosis of PD was established in 56 women (group I) based on the assessing the state of extraembryonic structures and blood flow in the spiral and uterine arteries at 12–13 weeks of gestation. The rest of the patients (54 women) entered the control group without PD (group II).Results. All pregnant women with verified PD at 12–13 weeks were prescribed complex drug treatment, which included micronized progesterone, venotonic Normoven, Magnicum, and Artihol. As a result of treatment, already at 22–24 weeks of gestation, the average value of blood flow (resistance index) in the uterine and spiral arteries did not differ significantly in the groups. There was no significant difference in fetometry and placentometry indices at 35–36 weeks of gestation. Complications of the gestational period in patients in the study groups were also almost the same.Conclusions. History of hormonal disorders and miscarriage, clinical signs of miscarriage in early gestation, abnormal embryo placement, extragenital pathology, and genital tract infections are risk factors for PD. Determination of the state of extraembryonic structures at 7–8 weeks of pregnancy (ovum volume, blood flow in the corpus luteum) and at 12–13 weeks (chorion volume, vascularization index, blood flow in the spiral and uterine arteries) can serve as a verification criterion for the PD development. Complex drug therapy, which began from the early stages of gestation (micronized progesterone, Normoven, Magnicum, Artihol) has established itself as an effective method of treating primary PD in pregnant of risk groups.
Hypomenstrual syndrome in adolescent girls as a result of reproductive dysfunction in their mothers
Authors: Artyomenko V.V. , Nastradina N.M. , Nitochko K.O. , Altyieva M.A.
Published: December 2021

In recent years in Ukraine and in the world there has been a clear tendency towards deterioration in the indicators of the somatic health of children and adolescents, that is negatively affects the processes of reproductive health formation and it state in the future. Concern for adolescent girl's health, including their reproductive system, forms an enormous contribution to the society future. That's why big attention is paid to the formation and saving reproductive health of adolescent girls. The period of sexual development is defining in a woman's life and is considered a key moment on the path of reproductive maturity. Today it has been established that the reproductive health formation is influenced by environmental, socio-economic factors and the presence of somatic diseases. Despite the fact that the pathogenetic mechanisms of the reproductive system formation are extremely complex and sensitive to the effects of negative factors, the appearance of destructive factors at this time can disrupt the physiological chain of functioning of the hormonal mechanisms which regulate the reproductive system. Disorders of the menstrual cycle is one of the most common pathological conditions, combining pathogenetically different diseases, which are manifested by a violation of the menstrual duration and frequency, amount of menstrual flow. According to domestic literature, hypomenstrual syndrome (oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea) is in the first place among menstrual dysfunctions in adolescent girls in the structure of gynecological morbidity and is up to 45%. Menstrual irregularities that occur during adolescence often persist into the future, causing infertility, obstetric pathology, perinatal loss and other reproductive health problems during childbearing years. The problem of the menstrual cycle formation has been little studied, but it is socially significant, very relevant and requires further study.Thus, girls with menstrual disorders constitute a group of increased risk of gynecological diseases in women of reproductive age, since many chronic diseases of adults are a protracted pathology of adolescents. Therefore, adolescent girls should be examined and treated by a specialist in pediatric and adolescent gynecology, pediatric endocrinologist, pediatrician and family doctor.
AGROECOLOGIA
Authors: Silva Jesiel Souza
Published: December 2021

Este artigo reúne alguns comentários sobre a estratégia da agroecologia ou de princípios agroecológicos para garantir a soberania alimentar das comunidades, trazendo alguns elementos conceituais sobre o tema, destacando os principais debates em relacionados a fome no mundo e o fracasso da Revolução Verde, que na década de 1970, foi considerada a salvação da escassez de alimentos no mundo, se esquecendo da distribuição e acesso destes produtos pela maioria da população do planeta. A agroecologia vem como uma estratégia de garantir uma distribuição mais igualitária dos alimentos. Para isso preza pela distribuição de renda, reforma agrária, acesso aos recursos produtivos, valorização dos conhecimentos tradicionais, entre outros processos que acabe com a insegurança alimentar, levando a uma distribuição de renda.
PROVIDING A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC STABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOTELS, RESTAURANTS AND TRADE ENTERPRISES
Authors: Maslennikov Ye. , Melnyk Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article investigates the theoretical and methodological principles of managing financial and economic stability and development of hotel, restaurant and trade enterprises. The article proposes the structuring of factors influencing the financial stability of hotel and restaurant and trade enterprises. The factors that determine the inefficiency of the management system of enterprises of the hotel-restaurant and trade sphere have been identified. The process of bankruptcy of hotel-restaurant and trade enterprises is studied and the main reasons of its insolvency are determined. The main stages of the financial crisis of hotel and restaurant and trade enterprises are considered.
ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT UKRAINIAN ENERGY ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors: Borshch V. , Zhmai O.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the leading enterprises of the energy sector of Ukraine, their mission, purpose and specifics. A comparative analysis of the activities of the leading enterprises of the energy sector of Ukraine in 2019 in the field of corporate social responsibility. The implemented measures are compared with the goals of sustainable development of the UN.

The importance of leading companies in the energy sector for the formation and development of corporate social responsibility practices is noted. The relationship of actions taken by the organization with its intangible assets (business reputation, image, brand) is considered. The importance of interaction with stakeholders for the development of the company is noted. According to the results of the comparison, the most important goals of sustainable development for the leaders of the Ukrainian energy industry have been identified.

Emphasis is placed on the leading role of corporate social responsibility of big business for the development of both the individual organization and the energy sector as a whole.
LENDING TO SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS: ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONDITIONS AND APPROACHES TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS STATE SUPPORT
Authors: Pohorelenko N. P. Pohorelenko , Koval V. А.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the definition of the main determinants of bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses in modern conditions, analysis of current lending conditions and analysis of government regulations on business support. Approaches have been developed to increase the efficiency of the components of the State Program of Affordable Loans, the implementation of which will not only reduce the potential risk of bankruptcy of the borrower, enhance the effect of the state regulations, but also provide incentives and support for small and medium businesses.
INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF SAFE-ORIENTEERING DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Rummo V. , Rabotin Y.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the development of improved information and analytical support for the design of several options for production processes in the food industry, which are implemented both with the same and with different options for a set of technologically specialized structural units of the enterprise. When choosing the option of safe-oriented development of the production system, the criteria of minimum financial costs, minimum time costs, maximum load of structural units were used. To solve the problems of forming a virtual safe-oriented development of production systems at enterprises that are part of a network organizational form, an algorithm for evaluating potential partners based on an analogue of a multifactor matrix model is presented. First, each potential partner is assessed according to the characteristics of technological compliance and production capacity. At the next stage, each potential partner is assessed according to the characteristics of the current load and production capacity, and then according to the characteristics of the technological level and production potential. For a comprehensive assessment of each technology partner, the position in the matrices of correspondence, load, efficiency is determined and belongs to one of the selected ten groups. This approach makes it possible to select and propose the main and additional performers for additional investments in the safe development of production systems and the implementation of unique production operations or events. This approach also makes it possible to carry out a sustainable, safe development of production systems in the food industry in crisis conditions of the economy from a scientifically grounded standpoint.
Digital public goods as a basis to reach sustainable development goals by the state
Authors: Nyenno I. M.
Published: December 2021

The study is devoted to determining the place and role of digital public goods in state regulation of the economy. Revealed the current state of the availability of digital public goods in science and education in accordance with the UN register of public goods. Established forms of providing educational and scientific benefits through virtual educational factories. Prospective methods of education are fixed under the influence of the fourth industrial revolution. It has been established that the financing of public goods requires hybrid forms of management and development with the involvement of public and private capital.