bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmortem changes in brain cell structure: a review
Authors: Krassner Margaret M. , Kauffman Justin , Sowa Allison , Cialowicz Katarzyna , Walsh Samantha , Farrell Kurt , Crary John F. , McKenzie Andrew Thomas
Published: April 2023

Brain cell structure is a key determinant of neural function that is frequently altered in neurobiological disorders. Following the global loss of blood flow to the brain that initiates the postmortem interval (PMI), cells rapidly become depleted of energy and begin to decompose. To ensure that our methods for studying the brain using autopsy tissue are robust and reproducible, there is a critical need to delineate the expected changes in brain cell morphometry during the PMI. We searched multiple databases to identify studies measuring the effects of PMI on the morphometry (i.e. external dimensions) of brain cells. We screened 2119 abstracts, 361 full texts, and included 172 studies. Mechanistically, fluid shifts causing cell volume alterations and vacuolization is an early event in the PMI, while loss of cell membrane visualization altogether is a later event. Decomposition rates are highly heterogenous and depend on the methods for visualization, the structural feature of interest, and modifying variables such as the storage temperature or the species. Geometrically, deformations of cell membranes are common early events that initiate within minutes. On the other hand, topological relationships between cellular features appear to be intact for more extended periods. Taken together, there is an uncertain length of time, usually ranging from several hours to several days, over which cell membrane structure is progressively lost. This review may be helpful for investigators studying human postmortem brain tissue, wherein the PMI is an unavoidable aspect of the research.
KONSEP DASAR EKONOMI MAKRO SYARIAH
Authors: Sumirah R.R. Dhewi Putri Ayu
Published: April 2023

Ilmu ekonomi Islam adalah pengetahuan dan aplikasi ajaran-ajaran dan aturan-aturan syariah yang mencegah ketidakadilan dalam pencarian dan pengeluaran sumber-sumber daya, guna memberikan kepuasan bagi manusia dan memungkinkan mereka melaksanakan kewajiban-kewajiban mereka terhadap Allah dan masyarakat.
PERAN SOFTWARE DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFISIENSI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Ramadhani Citra
Published: April 2023

Software is a collection of programs and data used to control and control the operation of a computer or other electronic device. Software can be an operating system, application or other software that enables users to complete tasks or run certain programs on their electronic devices. Software has many important roles in today's digitalization era. Many types of software are available that can be used according to their individual needs. The use of software can be utilized in various ways, from productivity and business to entertainment and communication. In companies the use of software is one of the important things. I collected several books and journals for analysis related to the role of software in increasing company efficiency and productivity. The role of Software in increasing company efficiency and productivity is by providing features that can facilitate business processes. Software also automates business processes, such as data processing, report generation, and administrative tasks. This can help shorten time and allow companies to focus on more strategic matters. In addition, software can also help improve employee efficiency, as well as assist companies in making better decisions.
Reading Habits and Communication Skills in Elementary Education During the Pandemic
Authors: Ari Danitza Luisa Sardón
Published: April 2023

In Peru, there is an arduous task to improve the development of communication skills, especially during the pandemic, in order to reverse the CMU figures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between reading habits and communication skills in students in the sixth grade of primary education (Puno). The methodology was basic, correlational, nonexperimental, cross-sectional design. A documentary analysis guide and a reading habits questionnaire were applied to 71 students. The results indicated a regular level in reading habits (91.5%), and a very good level (73.2%) in the development of competencies. There is a positive relationship between reading habits and oral expression competence (Rho=0.801), reading comprehension (Rho= 0.739) and text production (Rho = 0.733). In conclusion, a direct and significant relationship was demonstrated between reading habits and competencies in the area of communication (Spearman's Rho 0.828). The promotion of these habits is positively associated with the strengthening of competencies in the area of communication, allowing the production of pertinent texts, with adequate levels of reading comprehension and better levels of oral expression.
Infant-Directed Communication: Examining the many dimensions of everyday caregiver-infant interactions
Authors: Kosie Jessica Elizabeth , Lew-Williams Casey
Published: April 2023

Everyday caregiver-infant interactions are dynamic and multidimensional. However, existing research underestimates the dimensionality of infants’ experiences, often focusing on one or two communicative signals (e.g., speech alone, or speech and gesture together). Here, we introduce “infant-directed communication” (IDC): the suite of communicative signals from caregivers to infants including speech, action, gesture, emotion, and touch. We recorded 10 minutes of at-home play between 44 caregivers and their 18- to 24-month-old infants from predominantly white, middle-class, English-speaking families in the United States. Interactions were coded for five dimensions of IDC as well as infants’ gestures and vocalizations. Most caregivers used all five dimensions of IDC throughout the interaction, and these dimensions frequently overlapped. For example, over 60% of the speech that infants heard was accompanied by one or more non-verbal communicative cues. However, we saw marked variation across caregivers in their use of IDC, likely reflecting tailored communication to the behaviors and abilities of their own infant. Moreover, caregivers systematically increased the dimensionality of IDC, using more overlapping cues, in response to infant gestures and vocalizations, and more IDC with infants who had smaller vocabularies. Understanding how and when caregivers use all five signals – together and separately – in interactions with infants has the potential to redefine how developmental scientists conceive of infants’ communicative environments, and enhance our understanding of relations between caregiver input and early learning.
ANALISIS PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN AGREGATIF
Authors: Sumirah R.R. Dhewi Putri Ayu
Published: April 2023

Permintaan Agregat adalah permintaan total kuantitas untuk barang dan jasa akhir dalam suatu perekonomian pada waktu tertentu. Penawaran Agregat adalah kuantitas barang dan jasa yang diproduksi dan dijual pada setiap tingkat inflasi di sebuah negara.
A Teaching Note on Warranties
Authors: Hunter Richard J. , Shannon John H. , Amoroso Henry J.
Published: April 2023

This article is the fourth in a series of Teaching Notes on topics in a traditional Legal Environment of Business course. The article discusses warranties from the perspectives of both the Uniform Commercial Code and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. The article describes the three major consumer warranties (the express warranty, the warranty of merchantability, and the warranty of fitness), and offers explanatory comments on each. In addition, the article discusses warranty limitations and disclaimers. The article concludes with an in-depth look at both the dispute settlement mechanism under Magnuson-Moss and the nature of damages that can be awarded in cases of a breach of warranty provisions.
Menelisik Ilmu Keolahragaan
Authors: Wijayanto Adi
Published: April 2023

Eksitansi pembelajaran jasmani dewasa ini di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi merupakan salah satu wadah untuk membentuk jiwa raga yang sehat dan berkepribadian mandiri. Pemerintah saat ini sedang menggalakkan olahraga dengan cara mengolahragakan masyarakat, dalam berbagai kalangan dan lingkungan manapun, terlebih lagi pada lingkungan kampus dan sekolah atau tempat belajar. Olahraga adalah bagian dari aktivitas sehari-hari manusia yang berguna membentuk jasmani dan rohani yang sehat. Perkembangan olahraga sampai pada saat ini telah memberikan kontribusi yang positif dan nyata bagi peningkatan kesehatan masyarakat.Hadirnya buku ini merupakan goresan pelaksanaan di lapangan yang di dalamnya termuat berbagai pemikiran penulis yang tentu akan memperkaya kajian literatur utamanya dalam rumpun keolahragaan. Semoga tulisan ini dapat bermanfaat untuk semua para pembaca.
Exploring Melodic Contour: A Clustering Approach
Authors: Goldstein Michal , Granot Roni , Ripolles Pablo , Farbood Morwaread Mary
Published: April 2023

Previous studies investigating common melodic contour shapes have relied on methodologies that require prior assumptions regarding the expected contour patterns. Here, a new approach for examining contour using dimensionality reduction and unsupervised machine-learning clustering methods is presented. This new methodology was tested across four sets of data — two sets of European folksongs, a mixed-style, curated dataset of Western music, and a set of Chinese folksongs. In general, the results suggest the presence of four broad common contour shapes across datasets: convex, concave, descending, and ascending. In addition, the analysis revealed some micro-contour tendencies, such as pitch stability at the beginning of phrases and descending pitch at phrase endings. These results are in line with previous studies of melodic contour and provide new insights regarding the prevalent contour characteristics in Western music.
Too tempting to resist? Self-control moderates the relationship between narcissism and antisocial tendencies
Authors: Fatfouta Ramzi , Rogoza Radosław , Brud Piotr Paweł , Rentzsch Katrin
Published: April 2023

Previous research highlights that narcissism predicts a wide range of antisocial tendencies. We propose that the expression of such tendencies is contingent on the level of dispositional self-control. Three independent studies (Ntotal = 1,458) using three different narcissism measures and self-reported as well as behavioral indicators of antisocial tendencies tested this moderation hypothesis. In Study 1, antagonistic narcissism was positively related to self-reported revenge following an interpersonal transgression and this relationship was weakened among individuals high (vs. low) in self-control. Studies 2 and 3 conceptually replicated this finding using different narcissism measures, respectively, and trait (Study 2) as well as behaviorally assessed aggression (Study 3) as outcome variables. Results support the moderating role of self-control in the antagonistic narcissism-antisociality link.
Membedah Keilmuan Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi
Authors: Wijayanto Adi
Published: April 2023

Buku ini hadir dalam rangka memahami cara berpikir yang multidisiplin dan interdisiplin. Landasan sebuah ilmu yang akan dibedah memiliki arti sebagai konsep dasar dari terbentuknya suatu bidang kajian. Bidang kajian yang dimaksud disini yaitu ilmu pendidikan jasmani, kesehatan dan rekreasi.Ilmu memiliki karakteristiknya sendiri-sendiri seperti bersifat akumulatif, kebenaran tidak mutlak, bersifat objektif dan memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi secara umum. Ketika seorang peneliti menginginkan proses yang mudah dalam mewujudkan aktualisasi keilmuwan yang dimiliki, maka peneliti harus membedah beberapa syarat khusus yakni ilmu harus memiliki objek maupun subjek yang jelas, metode yang digunakan tidak boleh serta merta tanpa adanya teori karena tidak semua peneliti ahli dalam memunculkan sbeuah teori yang disetujui oleh para pakar ternama, sistematika pembahasan harus runtut sehingga memudahkan orang lain dalam mengikutinya dan ilmu bersifat universal. Pengalaman yang dimiliki oleh penulis sebaga ahli atau praktisi diharapkan mampu membuat pembaca terbuka wawasannya untuk mendalami ilmu pendidikan jasmani, kesehatan dan rekreasi di era modernisasi sekarang ini agar bisa memajukan pendidikan olahraga di Indonesia.
Divergenitas Norma dan Karakter
Authors: Wijayanto Adi
Published: April 2023

Kehadiran buku ini dapat memberi makna strategis karena dalam pembahasannya menorehkan berbagai pemikiran dengan narasi yang ringan dan mudah dipahami berkaitan dengan peningkatan karakter personal, pendekatan psikologi dan strategi pemecahan masalah.Peningkatan karakter personal, pendekatan psikologi dan strategi pemecahan masalah ini harus digalakkan agar dapat mengatasi segala permasalahan pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini, sehingga akan dapat meningkatkan taraf kehidupan yang lebih bermutu. Pendidikan yang tepat akan mampu mencetak generasi cerdas, unggul, dan berakhlaqul karimah. Kehadiran buku ini sangatlah tepat di tengah kondisi perkembangan teknologi yang baru secara pesat. Semoga tulisan ringan dengan berbagai topik yang menarik disampaikan penulis memberi manfaat bagi para pembaca, pendidik, peserta didik, orangtua.
Analisis Proses Pembelajaran pada Pendidikan Menengah
Authors: Wijayanto Adi
Published: April 2023

Buku ini dapat memberi warna dan bisa sebagai pedoman dalam pendidikan karena dalam pembahasannya terdapat berbagai pemikiran dari para ahli maupun dari pihak yang sudah bergelut dengan dunia pengetahuan sesuai dengan tema pembahasannya masing-masing. tentunya dengan narasi yang ringan dan mudah dipahami berkaitan dengan ruang lingkup pendidikan, komponen komponen pendidikan, serta proses pembelajaran di ranah pendidikan formal.Dalam pendidikan pasti memiliki komponen utama dalam pelaksanaannya, diantaranya yakni orang yang menjalankan sistem pendidikan dan juga sistem pembelajaran itu sendiri. Kedua komponen tersebut harus seimbang dan sejalan supaya dapat terciptanya pendidikan yang berkualitas.Terbitnya buku ini sangatlah tepat untuk menambah wawasan para pembaca khususnya dalam ruang lingkup dunia pendidikan. Semoga tulisan ringan dengan berbagai topik yang menarik disampaikan penulis memberi manfaat bagi para pembaca.
The Impact of Community-Based Interventions on the Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Braun Laura , Ugwu Sommy , Muoka Michael , MacLeod Clara , Bick Sarah , Cumming Oliver
Published: April 2023

Background: Schistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa where almost 90% of cases are found. In the last decade, prevention and control activities have scaled up, with a focus on interventions delivered in community settings. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of community-based interventions (CBIs) on the prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review was published on this topic in 2014, but there have subsequently been several new studies published which are included in this updated review. Method: Five electronic databases were searched for studies relating to schistosomiasis and CBIs published since 2013 to update the previous review published in 2014. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened according to predefined eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted in duplicate and a meta-analysis of included studies was conducted.Results: A total of 2329 de-duplicated titles were screened by two independent reviewers, and 17 studies were included in the review, 14 of which are included in the meta-analysis. Findings from the meta-analysis suggest that CBIs reduce the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni by 46% (RR: 0.54, 95% CI [0.44, 0.67]) and S. haematobium by 56% (RR: 0.44, 95% CI [0.25, 0.77]). Both school-based and community-wide treatment are effective platforms for achieving reductions in prevalence. Only three studies reported growth outcomes or anaemia and found mixed effects.Conclusions: Most interventions included in this review delivered drug treatment, and results suggest that these are effective in reducing prevalence. While drug treatment can have immediate beneficial health effects, reinfection is likely to continue if unsafe water contact continues. Therefore, interventions that both prevent infection and reduce prevalence and intensity of infection are required.
KONSEP DAN TEORI UANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: gunawan sahrul
Published: April 2023

RESUME INI DIBUAT UNTUK MEMENUHI TUGAS MATA KULIAH EKONOMI MAKRO SYARIAH
Kritik Sanad terhadap Hadits Larangan Tertawa
Authors: Rohmatika Vina
Published: April 2023

Disuatu perkumpulan atau pertemuan dalam hubungan sosial, tertawa banyak dijumpai. Dikarenakan manusia memiliki kecenderungan terhadap kesenangan dan kebahagiaan, hal tersebut mampu mendorong untuk timbulnya ekspresi tertawa. Pada tahun 2019 telah dilakukannya penelitian, hasil penelitian dari Medical Hypotheses terkait manfaat dari tertawa adalah baik untuk kesehatan jantung, membantu menjadi lebih baiknya aliran darah seseorang, dan sistem kardiovaskular. Namun, harus dipastikan melakukan tertawa diwaktu yang tepat dan dapat dikontrol.Berdasarkan penelitian penulis terhadap hadits-hadits tertawa melalui takhrij hadits, tertawa banyak menjadi perhatian di dalam hadits. Banyak hadits yang membicarakan tentang tertawa, etika tertawa, tertawa pada kehidupan rasulullah, hingga hadits terkesan memandang negatif aktivitas tertawa. Penulis juga menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan metode library research.Setelah melakukan penelitian sanad hadits penulis berkesimpulan bahwasannya hadits tentang larangan tertawa, pada hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Tirmidzi dan Ahmad memiliki sanad yang terputus hingga hadits tersebut berkualitas Gharib. Untuk hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Majah memiliki kualitas hadits shahih baik dari segi matan dan sanadnya. Demikian hadits tersebut dapat dijadikan hujjah untuk tidak tertawa secara berlebih-lebihan.
Global Education: Perspectives on Teaching English as a Second Language
Authors: Ghafoor Laiba
Published: April 2023

Global Education: Perspectives on Teaching English as a Second Language
Radiocarbon analysis of soil microbial biomass via direct chloroform extraction
Authors: Finstad Kari , Nuccio Erin , Grant Katherine , Broek Taylor , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , McFarlane Karis
Published: April 2023

Microbial processing of soil organic matter is a significant driver of C cycling, yet we lack an understanding of what shapes the turnover of this large terrestrial pool. In part, this is due to limited options for accurately identifying the source of C assimilated by microbial communities. Laboratory incubations are the most common method for this; however, they can introduce artifacts due to sample disruption and processing and can take months to produce sufficient CO2 for analysis. We present a biomass extraction method which allows for the direct 14C analysis of microbial biomolecules and compare the results to laboratory incubations. In the upper 50 cm soil depths, the 14C from incubations was indistinguishable from that of extracted microbial biomass. Below 50 cm, the 14C of the biomass was more depleted than that of the incubations, either due to the stimulation of labile C decomposition in the incubations, or the inclusion of biomolecules from non-living cells in the biomass extractions. Our results suggest that measurement of 14C of microbial biomass extracts can be a useful alternative to soil incubations, possibly avoiding some of the drawbacks associated with laboratory incubations.
Where the Head Meets the Heart: ‘Enlightened’ Compassion Lies Between Big Five Openness/Intellect and Agreeableness
Authors: Lawn Erin C. R. , Laham Simon , Zhao Kun , Christensen Alexander P. , Smillie Luke D.
Published: April 2023

Enlightened compassion is a morally significant personality trait describing the tendency to show regard for others in an open-minded (vs. rigid or parochial) manner. We examine this trait through a “bottom-up” lens, asking: where is enlightened compassion located within the Big Five (B5) taxonomy? Across three studies comprising seven samples (total N = 2,522), we measure enlightened compassion as an interstitial facet lying between the Compassion aspect of B5 Agreeableness and the Openness aspect of B5 Openness/Intellect. The Enlightened Compassion Scale (EC Scale) has solid structural and content validity, converging strongly with Compassion and Openness (Study 1). Consistent with the bandwidth-fidelity trade-off in hierarchical models of personality traits, enlightened compassion demonstrates incremental validity over-and-above these B5 aspects when predicting theoretically relevant traits (e.g., moral imagination and moral expansiveness; Study 2) and behaviour (expansive charitable donation; Study 3). By locating enlightened compassion and its correlates within the organising framework of the B5, our work serves to deepen and integrate accumulated knowledge on this morally salient feature of personality .
Introducing the MindSet benchmark for comparing DNNs to human vision
Authors: Biscione Valerio , Yin Dong , Malhotra Gaurav , Dujmović Marin , Montero Milton Llera , Puebla Guillermo , Adolfi Federico G , Tsvetkov Christian , Heaton Rachel Flood , Hummel John , Evans Bradley , Bowers Jeffrey S
Published: April 2023

We describe the MindSet benchmark designed to facilitate the testing of DNNs against controlled experiments reported in psychology. MindSet will focus on a range of low-, middle-, and high-level visual findings that provide important constraints for theory, provide the materials for testing DNNs, and provide an example of how to assess a DNN on each experiment using a ResNet152 pretrained on ImageNet. The goal is not to evaluate how well ResNet152 accounts for human vision, but rather, encourage researchers to assess how well various DNNs account for a range of key human visual phenomena.
Bridging Open Scholarship with Higher Education and Postgraduate Training in Autism: A Primer and Guide
Authors: Yeung Siu Kit , Warrington Kayleigh L , Ramji Anusha V. , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Kapp Steven , Azevedo Flavio , Kalandadze Tamara , Röer Jan Philipp , Manalili Marie Adrienne Robles , Shaw John J
Published: April 2023

Over the past two decades, activists and autism researchers have raised many constructive criticisms regarding pedagogical and research practices in the fields of autism. While other fields have been focusing on greater openness and transparency to address concerns in research standards, discussions and implementations of Open Scholarship (OSch) in autism research and in teaching about autism have been limited. One crucial direction to promote OSch is through education and training. In this paper, we provide concrete recommendations to promote OSch practices in autism-focused education, and these recommendations are likely helpful for courses in the fields of clinical psychology, educational psychology, and developmental psychology. Recommendations focus on embedding practices such as transparency and reproducibility, pre-registration and replication as well as highlighting the role of OSch in promoting scientific literacy. Moreover, we promote social justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion in higher education and professional training through the incorporation of autistic- and neurodiversity-based perspectives, research findings related to neurodiversity perspectives, contents regarding participatory research and adversarial collaborations into courses. We believe that applying OSch principles and practices in education of students, researchers, and future practitioners will substantially improve autism research and related practices.Keywords: Autism, Diversity, Higher Education, Open Scholarship, Replicability, Reproducibility, Social Justice, NeurodiversityNote: Inspired by reviewers' comments, we separated the initial manuscript (https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xzkjh) into three manuscripts, two for research and one for education (this one).
The importance of change communication and state motivation when adapting to changes
Authors: Stasielowicz Lukasz
Published: April 2023

Employees often work in dynamic environments requiring adaptive performance (e.g., emergencies, clients from other cultures). To optimize change management, employee training, and personnel selection in organizations, researchers have focused on trait-like predictors of adaption to change, such as personality traits or cognitive ability. The present study (N = 300) shifts the focus to more proximal predictors - change communication and task-related state motivation. Latent growth models revealed that providing two change-related hints, one at the beginning of the task and another directly after the change, mitigates performance impairment observed directly after the change. Moreover, this advantage largely persists throughout the later stages of the task. In contrast, a single hint at the beginning of the task did not substantially facilitate adaption. Finally, task-related state motivation was linked to better performance on the subsequent measurement occasion. Thus, organizations might minimize change-induced losses by deploying adequate change communication and maintaining employee motivation.
A critique of motivation constructs to explain higher-order behavior: We should unpack the black box
Authors: Murayama Kou , Jach Hayley
Published: April 2023

The constructs of motivation (or needs, motives, etc.) to explain higher-order behavior have burgeoned in psychology. In this article, we critically evaluate such high-level motivation constructs that many researchers define as causal determinants of behavior. We identify a fundamental issue with this predominant view of motivation, which we called the black-box problem. Specifically, high-level motivation constructs have been considered as causally instigating a wide range of higher-order behavior, but this does not explain what they actually are or how behavioral tendencies are generated. The black box problem inevitably makes the construct ill-defined and jeopardizes its theoretical status. To address the problem, we discuss the importance of mental computational processes underlying motivated behavior. Critically, from this perspective, motivation is not a unitary construct that causes a wide range of higher-order behavior --- it is an emergent property that people construe through the regularities of subjective experiences and behavior. The proposed perspective opens new avenues for future theoretical development, i.e., the examination of how motivated behavior is realized through mental computational processes.
Even When Ideologies Align, People Distrust Politicized Institutions
Authors: Clark Cory J , Isch Calvin , Everett Jim Albert Charlton , Shariff Azim
Published: April 2023

In three studies (two preregistered; total n = 3,490 ideologically balanced U.S. adults), we examined attitudes toward 40 institutions, organizations, and groups of professionals (e.g., journalists, scientists, the Supreme Court, the World Health Organization, professors, police officers, doctors, the Catholic Church, banks, pharmaceutical companies, psychologists, Facebook), and tested the associations between (1) perceived ideological slant (the percentage of people in those institutions that lean politically left or right), (2) perceived politicization (the extent to which political values impact the work they do), and (3) public trust and willingness to support and defer to the institution’s expertise. Higher congruence between participant ideology and perceived institutional slant predicted higher trust and deference. And higher perceived politicization of institutions consistently predicted lower trust, often with large effect sizes. Similar patterns were observed between institutions, such that the institutions perceived as the most politicized were also the least trusted, with a very large effect, r = -0.76. Studies 2 and 3 found that perceived politicization also predicted lower support and willingness to defer to institutions’ expertise. Across studies, these negative relationships were observed among both participants who shared and opposed the institution’s ideological slant. In other words, even left-leaning participants were less trusting and less willing to support and defer to left-leaning institutions that appeared more politicized, and even right-leaning participants were less trusting and less willing to support and defer to right-leaning institutions that appeared more politicized. Studies 2 and 3 attempted to experimentally manipulate perceived politicization and failed to do so. We thus post this preprint in hopes of initiating discussion of these findings and identifying promising avenues for future research and possible interventions.
Multidisciplinary Teams, Street Outreach, and Gang Intervention: Mixed Methods Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Denver
Authors: Pyrooz David , Sanchez Jose Antonio , Weltman Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Community violence intervention and prevention initiatives aim to develop local infrastructures that inoculate communities from violence. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to evaluate an intervention designed to facilitate disengagement from gangs and desistance from crime. An impact evaluation, based on a preregistered randomized controlled trial, was paired with a process evaluation, based on field observations and interviews, of the Gang Reduction Initiative of Denver’s centerpiece intervention that uses multidisciplinary teams and street outreach workers to construct and implement coordinated case plans for high-risk gang members. The results of the impact evaluation revealed that clients assigned to the intervention were nearly 70 percent less likely to perpetrate violence yet were three times more likely to identify as gang members. The results of the process evaluation indicated that multidisciplinary teams were effective in securing services for their clients. Despite their limited training and heterogenous strategies, street outreach workers were viewed positively by their clients and were observed to prioritize behavioral over identity change. These findings are situated within longstanding tensions concerning the use of outreach workers and the targeting of gang behavior and/or identity in violence reduction strategies, along with the emergence of community violence intervention and prevention supported by large-scale federal investment.
Doing Organizational Identity: Earnings Surprises and the Performative Atypicality Premium
Authors: Gouvard Paul , Goldberg Amir , Srivastava Sameer
Published: April 2023

How do organizations reconcile the cross-pressures of conformity and differentiation? Existing research predominantly conceptualizes identity as something an organization has by virtue of the products or services it offers. Drawing on constructivist theories, we argue that identity is also dynamically produced through organizational members' interactions with external audiences. We term the extent to which such interactions diverge from audience expectations performative atypicality. Applying a novel deep-learning method to conversational text in over 90,000 earnings calls, we find that performative atypicality leads to an evaluation premium by securities analysts, paradoxically resulting in a negative earnings surprise. Moreover, performances that correspond to those of celebrated innovators are received with higher enthusiasm. Our findings suggest that firms that conform to categorical expectations while being performatively atypical can navigate the conflicting demands of similarity and uniqueness, especially if they hew to popular notions of being different.
Addendum to Increased carbon footprint of materials production driven by rise in investments
Authors: Hertwich Edgar
Published: April 2023

Using a general formulation of the hypothetical extraction method in input-output analysis, the relationship between linkage analysis following the approach of Cella and the supply chain impact method by Cabernard and colleagues is investigated. It is shown that forward linkage is the same as the demand of other sectors for inputs from target sectors in the supply chain impact method. It is acknowledged that Cabernard and colleagues also analysed the use of materials by other sectors.
Engaging the Locus of Action: A Framework for Institutional Commitments to Equitable Student Success
Authors: Beckowski Catherine Pressimone
Published: April 2023

This paper introduces the locus of action conceptual framework, which considers the relationship between institutions’ approaches to student success and students’ heterogenous identities and diverse assets to consider how institutions can best help today’s college students succeed. The framework is illustrated through examples derived from an ongoing case study of institutions that are working to enact a public commitment to first-generation student success.
Scanlonian Contractualism and Future Generations
Authors: Andersson Emil , Arrhenius Gustaf , Campbell Timothy
Published: April 2023

In this paper we shall consider problems in population ethics forScanlonian Contractualism. As we shall see, there are features of this viewthat make it difficult for it to satisfy rather obvious intuitive desiderata inpopulation ethics. Rahul Kumar has suggested that his idea of“standpoints” offers help with some of these cases. We shall discussdifferent interpretations of this idea, and argue that it unfortunately fails.Scanlonian Contractualism cannot, it seems, avoid the aggregationproblems that standard “impersonal” theories face without running intoother problems that are at least as troublesome.
Teacher cognition and language education: research and practice in the Libyan curriculum
Authors: Brima Masoud , ABDELATY SULIMAN
Published: April 2023

This study examines teacher cognition in the context of English language education within the Libyan curriculum. It explores the beliefs, knowledge, and thought processes of English language teachers in Libyan educational institutions, and how these factors influence their instructional practices. By analysing the connection between teacher cognition and teaching practices, the study aims to provide insights into improving English language education in Libya and contribute to the development of evidence-based professional development programs.
Identity, Economic Mobility and Conflict
Authors: Bhattacharya Sukanta , Mukherjee Anirban
Published: April 2023

The paper provides a theory that explains in what type of societiesclass conflicts are less frequent than ethnic conflicts. We posit theproblem as one of alliance formation. In our model agents can formalliances either in the economic class line or in ethnic line. In caseof ethnic alliance, one remains in the same ethnic group before andafter the conflict. That is not the case for class identity that canchange following an economic shock. Hence, even if someone wins aconflict fighting for one economic class, her class identity may changepost-conflict and therefore, may not get the winner’s pay-off. Suchuncertainty discourages one to form alliance in the class line whenthe conflict prize is a private good. Similar issue does not arise incase of ethnic alliance making ethnic conflict a more likely outcome inequilibrium. We extend our model to the case where conflict prize isa group specific public good. We find that class conflict is more likelyin the public good case.
The balance of risks and benefits in the COVID-19 “vaccine hesitancy” literature: An umbrella review
Authors: Chaufan Claudia , Heredia Camila , McDonald Jennifer , Hemsing Natalie
Published: April 2023

Background: “Vaccine hesitancy” (VH) has been described as a “threat to global health”, especially in the COVID-19 era. Research on VH indicates that the concerns of vaccine recipients with the balance of risks and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, which involve safety and effectiveness considerations (hereafter “safety concerns”), are a leading driver of VH. However, what explains these concerns is underexplored. Goal: We conducted a qualitative umbrella review following PRISMA guidelines and informed by a critical perspective to examine how the safety concerns of COVID-19 vaccine recipients are addressed in the VH literature. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Epistemonikos COVID-19 platform (COVID-19 L. OVE), and the WHO Global Research on COVID-19 Database. We included 49 refereed reviews examining VH in any population involved with COVID-19 vaccination decisions for themselves or as caretakers, with no methodological, quality, temporal, or geographic restrictions, and were published in English, excluding those that authors did not identify as “systematic”. Two reviewers completed article screening and data extraction and synthesis. Thematic synthesis was used to identify themes and frequencies were calculated to assess the strength of support for themes. Disagreements were resolved through full team discussion. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42022351489) and partially funded by a SSHRC grant (# 435-2022-0959).Findings: All reviews assumed that VH was a major barrier to ending the COVID-19 crisis. With vaccines assumed to be “safe and effective”, recipients’ safety concerns were downplayed. Evidence incompatible with “VH-as-a-problem”, whenever mentioned, was dismissed as “misinformation”. Informed consent was either not discussed or was presented as a potential threat to “vaccine confidence”. We observed no differences regardless of study population, methodology, or other study characteristics. Limitations are discussed. Conclusions: Neglecting or dismissing vaccine recipients’ safety concerns contributes to the problem that research on COVID-19 VH purports to address. It also undermines the implementation of informed consent, critical to ethical medical and public health research, policy, and practice. The scant attention to bioethical considerations in current COVID-19 VH research is concerning. PUBLICATION AVAILABLE @: https://researchandappliedmedicine.com/revistas/vol2/revista1/umbrella-ingles.pdf
Do We Owe the Past a Future? Reply to Finneron-Burns
Authors: Kaczmarek Patrick , Beard SJ
Published: April 2023

Many of our forebears went beyond the call of duty, sacrificing much, to benefit those who would come after them. Elsewhere, we claimed that preventing human extinction renders those past sacrifices more worthwhile. We also developed the Unfinished Business Account, which together with the first claim implies that we wrong past people by squandering their sacrifices, even though this failure is in no way worse for past people. Elizabeth Finneron-Burns has recently questioned both of these claims. This note responds to her criticisms.
How to Value a Person's Life
Authors: Broome John
Published: April 2023

The work of economists on the value of human life divides into two strands.The first values life on the basis of people’s willingness to pay to reduce riskto their lives, and it aims to derive a value that is suitable for use in costbenefitanalysis. The second values life on the basis of the length of the lifeand a measure of its quality. It is mainly used for cost-effectiveness analysisin health care. This paper condemns the theoretical underpinning of thefirst strand. Nevertheless, it develops a reconciliation of the two strands. Itshows how the idea of valuing life by willingness to pay can be reconciledwith the thinking that underlies the second strand. The result is a methodof valuing life that has a defensible foundation and could be implementedin practical cost-benefit analysis.
उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा जीवनीपरकता
Authors: श्रेष्ठ जीवन
Published: April 2023

पछिल्लो समयका औपन्यासिक कृतिहरु उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यास हुन् । राजनीतिक परिवर्तिन र उपन्यासमा देखापरेका नवीन प्रवृत्तिका कारण २०५० सालपछिका उपन्यास पूर्ववर्ती चरणका कृतिहरुभन्दा भिन्न रहेका छन् । यस आधारमा नेपाली उपन्यासमा २०५० सालपछिकोसमयावधिउत्तरवर्ती चरण हो । यस चरणका उपन्यासमा नवीन विषय र शिल्पको खोजी गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा पछिल्लो समय जीवनीपरकतालाई पनि नवीन विषयका रुपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ । जीवनीपरकता भनेको –जीवनमा आधारित उपन्यासको विषयगत प्रयोग हो । यसै सन्दर्भमा उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा विषयका रूपमा जीवनीपरकताको प्रयोग के–कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित भएर यो शोधलेख तयार गरिएको छ । यसको समाधानका लागि सोद्देश्यमूलक समग्र छनोट विधिका आधारमा विश्लेष्य उपन्यासहरू चयन गरिएको छ । त्यसमा पनि उत्तरवर्ती चरणको पहिलो दशकका उपन्यासको मात्र अध्ययन गरिएको छ । समस्याको समाधानका लागि गरिने प्रायोगिक कार्यका लागि आवश्यक तथ्यहरू विश्लेष्य उपन्यासहरूबाट लिइएको छ । यसरी गरिएको अध्ययनले जीवनीपरकता उत्तरवर्ती चरणको विषयगत प्रवृत्ति रहेको देखाएको छ । यस चरणमा लेखक स्वयम्को जीवनीमा आधारित उपन्यास र अन्य जीवनीमा आधारित उपन्यास गरीमुख्यतः दुई प्रकारका जीवनीपरक उपन्यासहरू पाइएका छन् । पहिलो प्रकारका उपन्यासहरूमा पनि काल्पनिक पात्रका माध्यमबाट अभिलेखकीय जीवन र लेखक स्वयम् पात्रका रूपमा उपस्थित भएर प्रस्तुत लेखकीय जीवन गरी दुई पद्धति उपयोग गरिएको छ । अन्य जीवनीमा आधारित कृतिमा उपन्यासकारको उपस्थिति गौण रहेर वण्र्य–पात्र मुख्य भूमिकामा रहेको छ । यसको प्रयोगले नेपाली उपन्यासको विषयगत आयामलाई फराकिलो बनाएको छ । साथै महान् व्यक्तिहरूको जीवनवृत्तमा आधारित इतिहासलेखनकोव्यक्तिजीवनीका माध्यमबाट इतिहास लेखनको नवीन आयाम पनि खोजी गरेको छ ।
Dynamics of photosynthetic pigments in the main forest-forming trees of the carbon polygon "Ural-carbon"
Authors: Sinenko O.S. , Ermoshin A.A. , Tugbaeva A.S. , Trubetskoy D.V. , Maleva M.G. , Kiseleva I.S.
Published: April 2023

Increasing of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and global warming have led to the creation of a network of carbon polygons in Russia, which are entrusted with the mission of assessing, accounting, and finding technological solutions in order to reduce the amount of these gases in the atmosphere. The Ural-Carbon polygon was created in the fall of 2021, and currently includes two sites, where the main forest-forming species grow. The first is characterized by fir-spruce and spruce-fir forests, the second - by light coniferous forest of the southern taiga type. To assess the potential contribution of the Middle Urals forests to CO2 fixation, the dynamics of photosynthetic pigments in the needles of the first-year shoots was evaluated in three conifer species. The content of photosynthetic pigments was determined from June to October 2022 spectrophotometrically in ethanol extracts. It was shown that in Pinus sylvestris, the formation of the first year needles began later than in Abies sibirica and Picea abies. Despite the later formation, the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the needles grew exponentially and reached almost the same values for all three species in August. In all species, the maximal content of photosynthetic pigments was found at the beginning of autumn, therefore, it can be assumed that at that time the potential ability of conifers to fix CO2 is maximal, but in reality photosynthesis can be limited by weather conditions. Comparing the data received in 2022 with the results obtained earlier, it can be assumed that, under conditions of increasing temperature and CO2 concentration in the atmosphere P. sylvestris will more effectively fix carbon dioxide than A. sibirica and P. abies. It was shown that in the first year needles there was an advanced accumulation of carotenoids in comparison with chlorophylls with age, which can protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photooxidation in winter.
The influence of Bacillus subtilis 10-4 on the hormonal system and water regime balance of wheat plants under dehydration
Authors: Allagulova Ch.R. , Avalbaev A.M. , Lubyanova A.R. , Yuldashev R.A. , Lastochkina O.V.
Published: April 2023

The work was devoted to the study of the influence of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) Bacillus subtilis strain 10-4 on wheat plants Triticum aestivum L. subjected to dehydration, induced by 12% PEG. Presowing seed treatment with endophytes at the concentration of 105 CFU mL−1 had stimulating and protective effects on the wheat plants growth under normal and stress conditions, respectively, which was judged on biomass accumulation, linear dimensions and visual appearance of the seedlings. The positive action of PGPB may be determined by the effects on the wheat hormonal system, as indicated by the data on increasing in the seedlings of the auxins content under normal conditions and prevention of its reduction under stress. PGPB-pretreatment decreased the stress-induced levels of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and cytokinin (CK) content diminution in the seedlings. Moreover the protective effect of B. subtilis 10-4 can be determined by their stabilizing effects on the membrane cell structures and water regime balance of wheat plants under dehydration.
Cold Spray of Metal-Polymer Composite Coatings Onto Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)
Authors: Bortolussi V. , Borit F. , Chesnaud A. , Jeandin M. , Faessel M. , Figliuzzi B. , Willot F. , Roche K. , Surdon G.
Published: April 2023

In this work, copper and PEEK powder mixtures are cold sprayed onto carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates with the aim of producing a well-adhered conductive layer. The composite coatings were optimized through the study of the deposited mass and its dependence on process parameters and Cu powder morphology. A morphological model based on Cu phase data was developed to better understand coating microstructures. Coatings synthesized from irregular Cu particles were found to be electrically conductive, while those containing spherical Cu particles were insulating. These phenomena are explained using the developed simulation tools coupled with the investigation of coating build-up and microstructure.
An Influence of Strain-Induced Nucleation of Martensitic Transformations on Tribological Properties of Sprayed and Surfaced Depositions
Authors: Korobov Y. , Verkhorubov V. , Nevezhin S. , Filippov M. , Tkachuk G. , Makarov A. , Zabolotskikh I.
Published: April 2023

Previous studies have shown that austenite-to-martensite transformations occur in certain ferrous materials under an applied load, along with synergistic improvements in hardness and wear resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of such transformations on the tribological properties of chromium steel (FeCCrTiAl) coatings and overlays. The coatings were produced by arc wire spraying and the overlays by arc surfacing. Microstructure and phase composition were analyzed and abrasive and adhesive wear tests were conducted. Strain-induced nucleation of martensite under external load was confirmed by structural changes and differences in the tribological properties of the coatings and overlays were attributed to the particular conditions of their formation.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMATION-BASED LEARNING MEDIA ON HYDROLOGY LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Rumila Harahap  , Budi Harto
Published: April 2023

Quality human resources will quickly acquire knowledge about digital technology, in this case, it is necessary to improve the quality of human resources in the development of learning in the future. The use of interactive learning media in the form of animation can convey information with sound, video, and motion animation that can improve the hydrology learning process. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using animation media in hydrology learning for D-3 civil engineering students, this study uses the ADDIE method in the control and experimental classes where the pretest and posttest are treated. The results of the animation media are then validated by design experts, materials, media, and also the product trial process, this is done to improve the quality of the animation media. the results of the expert validation assessment obtained an average value of 89.91%, and the average test results were 90%. the results obtained from validation and testing, the animation media is feasible to use and can be continued for data analysis in the development of animation media in hydrology learning, where the results of data analysis show an increase in learning outcomes by 34.45% after using learning media.