bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Crack Growth in Integrally Stiffened Panels Joined Using Friction Stir Welding and Swept Friction Stir Spot Welding
Authors: Burford Dwight A. , Tweedy Bryan M. , Widener Christian A.
Published: April 2008

Fatigue crack growth rates in AA2024-T3 sheet joined to AA7075-T6 stiffeners by friction stir welding have been compared with rates measured in panels joined with rivets and in unstiffened parent material panels. Friction stir panels were prepared with both continuous friction stir welding (FSW) and swept friction stir spot welding (FSSW). Fatigue cracks in edge crack panels with continuous FSW joints tended to grow into the parent material away from the stiffeners. This behavior was attributed to the reduced stress levels corresponding to the increased thickness of continuous FSW joints and the support of the attached stiffener. Fatigue cracks in edge crack panels were found to follow the joint line in panels made with discrete fasteners (both rivets and swept FSSW joints). The measured crack growth rates in riveted panels increased at an increasing rate as the crack approached the riveted joints. In contrast, crack growth rates in panels joined with FSSW decreased at a decreasing rate as the crack approached the swept spot joints. Test results indicate that the swept FSSW process produced favorable residual stresses that inhibited fatigue crack growth along the joint line.
Patterns of Outpatient Visits by Japanese Male Expatriates in Thailand
Authors: Sakai Rie , Wongkhomthong Som‐Arch , Marui Eiji , Laobhripatr Suchart
Published: April 2008

Patterns of Outpatient Visits by Japanese Male Expatriates in Thailand: Rie Sakai, et al. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University School of Medicine—Objective of this study is to clarify the health‐related conditions of Japanese male expatriates in Thailand. Records of Japanese male expatriates in their 30s to 50s who consulted outpatient clinics at Bangkok Hospital in 2005 were analyzed for number and type of outpatient visits then compared with data from the “Patient Survey” 2005 for age‐matched males in Japan. “Diseases of the respiratory system” and “Certain infectious and parasitic diseases” had a higher rate of diagnosis among Japanese men living in Thailand than those living in Japan. “Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases,” and “Mental and behavioral disorders” had a lower rate of diagnosis among Japanese men living in Thailand than those in Japan. “Acute upper respiratory infections” accounted for 87.4% of “Diseases of the respiratory system” and “intestinal infections” accounted for 59.9% of “Certain infectious and parasitic diseases” among expatriates. Japanese male expatriates have a tendency of not visiting hospital when they have no subjective or objective symptoms. To support a healthy expatriate life, health information should be propagated widely and available support services, such as counseling via e‐mail or fax, should be actively promoted. Expatriates should be informed of the availability of these services before they go abroad and during their stay.
Psychosocial Work Environment and Well‐Being: A Cross‐Sectional Study at a Thermal Power Plant in China
Authors: Yu Shanfa , Gu Guizhen , Zhou Wenhui , Wang Sheng
Published: April 2008

Psychosocial Work Environment and Well‐Being: A Cross‐Sectional Study at a Thermal Power Plant in China: Shanfa Yu, et al. Department of Occupational and Environment Medicine, Peking University Health Center, China—To investigate the effects of the job demand‐control (DC) model and the effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) model on worker's well‐being, self‐reports for psychosocial work conditions and well‐being were made by a sample of 878 workers at a thermal power plant in China using the main dimensions of DC and ERI questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were employed controlling for age, gender, and educational level, and negative and positive affection among others. Workers reporting high job demands and low job control or high efforts and low rewards had elevated risks of job dissatisfaction, psychosomatic complaints and depressive symptoms. Odds ratios were generally higher in workers reporting both high efforts and low rewards. Furthermore, low reward proved to be a stronger predictor of poor wellbeing when both job stress models were simultaneously adjusted. To some extent, interaction effects were found for social support, but no interaction effects were found for overcommitment. The findings indicate independent effects of both the DC model and the ERI model on well‐being. Future work should explore the combined effects of these two models of psychosocial stress at work on health more thoroughly.
Selenium‐enriched Japanese Radish Sprouts Influence Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione S‐Transferase in an Organ‐specific Manner in Rats
Authors: Hama Hidetoshi , Yamanoshita Osamu , Chiba Momoko , Takeda Iwao , Nakajima Tamie
Published: April 2008

Selenium‐enriched Japanese Radish Sprouts Influence Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione S‐Transferase in an Organ‐specific Manner in Rats: Hidetoshi Hama, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine—Selenium‐enriched Japanese radish sprouts (Se‐enriched JRS), in which Se‐methylselenocysteine accounted for 80% of Se compounds, inhibited mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rats. The effects of Se‐enriched JRS on the oxidative stress‐scavenging enzymes were investigated in rats. F344 female rats were fed test diets, in which Se‐enriched JRS was added at 0, 2.4, 5.0, 8.8 or 12.5 ppm Se to commercial rodent chow for 3 wk. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in rat livers, kidneys and lungs were measured. Tissue Se concentrations at the highest Se dose (12.5 ppm) were high in order as follows: kidney > liver > lung. The diet at 12.5 ppm Se reduced the increase in body weight and, conversely, increased the liver weight. The Se test diets decreased hepatic and renal GPx activity at more than 2.4 ppm and 5.0 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the test diets increased pulmonary GPx activity at more than 2.4 ppm Se. The diets increased hepatic GST activity at more than 2.4 ppm Se dose dependently, whereas they reduced pulmonary GST activity at more than 2.4 ppm. The diet of 12.5 ppm Se induced GST Yp in all 3 organs and GST Yb1 in the liver. Thus, Se‐enriched JRS influenced GPx and GST activity in a symmetrical manner in the livers and lungs of rats, with hepatic GST possibly affected, in part, by the induction of GST Yb1.
Reading Genre
Authors: Rose David
Published: April 2008

Genre based literacy pedagogy has been developed over 25 years, in what has become known as the Sydney School (Martin 2000). The initial motivation was to improve the academic success of marginalised school students by giving them explicit models to organise the genres they were expected to write. In the 1980s the research focus was on writing genres in the primary school, and in the 1990s on writing genres across the secondary school curriculum. A new generation of genre-based literacy pedagogy, known as Reading to Learn (Rose 2004, 2005b, 2007) is now focusing on teaching reading at all these levels. As reading texts in any curriculum are highly diverse, learners and teachers need a flexible set of tools for identifying how meanings unfold through them. While the writing pedagogy focused on highly predictable staging of genres, the reading pedagogy focuses on smaller phases of meaning within each stage, that are more variable, and sensitive to register variations such as a text’s field. Another wave of genre research is now identifying potential types of phases in various genres, as a basis for inform teaching of both reading and writing across academic curricula.
A Tenorless Genre? Forensic Generic Profiling of Workers’ Compensation Dispute Resolution Discourse
Authors: Moore Alison , Tuckwell Kathryn
Published: April 2008

This paper turns genre modelling to the task of exploring critical variation between instances of an emerging genre – the workers’ compensation teleconference. It attempts to tease out the role that such variation plays in the success of that genre in terms of the social process that it was designed to realize, noting however that ‘success’ must be viewed from multiple perspectives. We describe and illustrate a Hasanian GSP approach to genre description, based on collaborative research we undertook with the NSW Workers Compensation Commission (WCC) in Australia. The method proved useful for identifying what kinds of discourse strategies contribute to the successful resolution of disputes at teleconference, and we present preliminary findings which suggest an association between resolution and what we have called the ‘Orient to Process’ phase in the generic structure of these teleconferences, using a semantic network to display the crucial variation within this phase. We also address some pragmatic consequences of training arbitrators to use ‘successful’ discourse strategies in relation to issues of equity for the worker, and some theoretical consequences of adjusting the GSP framework for research on professional discourses.
Macrogenre
Authors: Muntigl Peter
Published: April 2008

Research on social activities that consist of multiple genres, also termed macrogenres, remains a relatively unexplored area in the linguistic sciences. Furthermore, representations of genres and macrogenres tend to be constituency based, highlighting ideational meanings as opposed to interpersonal and textual ones. In this paper, I illustrate how Halliday’s tripartite metafunctional (ideational, interpersonal, textual) model can be applied to a narrative counselling interview macrogenre. I argue that each metafunctional perspective can provide a different angle through which to observe, represent and explain counselling logogenesis. The data from this study were taken from audiorecordings of 2 cases of 6 conjoint narrative counselling sessions, involving 2 couples and a male counsellor. Using the methods of Genre & Register theory and Systemic Functional Linguistics, it was found that, for both cases of counselling, counsellor and couples drew from similar sets of linguistic resources to collaboratively construct the counselling process. Furthermore, these linguistic patterns were shown to cluster together, forming identifiable generic stages and genres in which couples problems were constructed and subsequently effaced. Finally, it was found that representing the counselling macrogenre from different metafunctional perspectives provided a more comprehensive picture of the purposeful and goal directed unfolding of the counselling process.
The Emergence of the Goddess Mary: from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages
Authors: Kramer-Rolls Dana
Published: April 2008

While it has long been assumed that the goddess veneration generated by the mystery cults of Late Antiquity were subsumed into the cult of the Virgin Mary, examination of the collections of legendaries called Mariales exposes direct links between Mary’s attributions and those of Isis and Cybele, among others. While canonical references to Mary were few, and often unflattering, with the establishment of Mary as the Theotokos, or God Bearer, at Ephesus in 431 CE, she was lifted in importance in both the mind of the church and the people. The evolution of the motif of “Mary and the Bridegroom” from its origins as a legend concerning Venus to its Medieval form, which culminates in a simulated sacred marriage by a devotee, exemplifies the integration of pre- and post-conversion tales. In “Murieldis” Mary’s powers exceed those of the Trinity, while Mary’s acts of shape-changing, necromancy, control of the elements, and healing, as well as her extraordinary protection of her devotees, expose Mary as a magical helper, and demonstrate Mary as both a repository of folk religious beliefs and a subversive locus by which doctrinal Christianity might be moderated in the popular mind.
Randy P. Conner with David Hatfield Sparks, Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Participation in African-Inspired Traditions in the Americas
Authors: Pizza Murph
Published: April 2008

Randy P. Conner with David Hatfield Sparks, Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Participation in African-Inspired Traditions in the Americas (New York: Harrington Park Press, 2004), 390 pp., $24.95 (paper).
Ronald Hutton, Witches, Druids and King Arthur
Authors: Clifton Chas S
Published: April 2008

Ronald Hutton, Witches, Druids and King Arthur (London: Hambledon and London, 2003), xviii + 320 pp., £19.95 (cloth).
Goddess Spirituality and Nature in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rountree Kathryn
Published: April 2008

Participants in Goddess spirituality in New Zealand share two fundamental characteristics: their feminist political stance and their deep sense of connection with, love for and concern about the natural environment. Eschewing the essentialist formulation of women/nature, men/culture, they wish to dismantle all such dualisms, to advocate the embracing of Green philosophies and practices by all people, and to promote a worldview that honors the sanctity and inter-relatedness of all life. To some extent, these ideas have much in common with indigenous Maori ideas about nature, even though each belief complex is uniquely embedded in its own culture and unique relationship to landscape and history. Nonetheless, Goddess spirituality’s ideas about nature have a great deal more in common with worldviews that perceive the ‘natural world’ as entirely animate and intimately connected with humanity than they do with the ideas of modern capitalist societies, which reduce nature to an inanimate resource available for human exploitation.
Rosemary Radford Ruether, Christianity and the Making of the Modern Family
Authors: Bado-Fralick Nikki
Published: April 2008

Rosemary Radford Ruether, Christianity and the Making of the Modern Family (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000), 294 pp., $28.50 (cloth), $19 (paper).
Paul Christopher Johnson, Secrets, Gossip and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé
Authors: DiZerega Gus
Published: April 2008

Paul Christopher Johnson, Secrets, Gossip and Gods: The Transformation of Brazilian Candomblé (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), xi + 225 pp., $19.95.
Douglas E. Cowan, Cyberhenge: Modern Pagans on the Internet
Authors: Bado-Fralick Nikki
Published: April 2008

Douglas E. Cowan, Cyberhenge: Modern Pagans on the Internet (New York: Routledge, 2005), 224 pp., $88 (cloth), $24.95 (paper).
Carol Barner-Barry, Contemporary Paganism: Minority Religions in a Majoritarian America
Authors: Cowan Douglas E
Published: April 2008

Carol Barner-Barry, Contemporary Paganism: Minority Religions in a Majoritarian America (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), xii + 242 pp., $55 (cloth).
Jordan Paper, The Deities are Many: A Polytheistic Theology
Authors: Harvey Graham
Published: April 2008

Jordan Paper, The Deities are Many: A Polytheistic Theology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005), xiv + 155 pp., $49.50 (cloth), $14.95 (paper).
Medievalism, Paganism, and the Tower Ravens
Authors: Sax Boria
Published: April 2008

The ravens in the Tower of London are allowed to move freely on the Tower Green, but their wings are clipped to prevent them from flying very far. They are widely believed to have been domesticated by Charles II in the seventeenth century, because of an ancient prophesy that Britain would fall if the ravens leave the Tower. In fact they were only brought to the Tower in the late 1900s, and the legend only dates from about the end of World War II. The Ravens appear to have been brought to the Tower by the Earls of Dunraven, probably because of an esoteric connection between them and the Celtic deity Bran, whose head, according to legend, is buried in the Tower. This article examines the legend of the Tower Ravens as a Pagan myth of the modern era, created when archaic beliefs, which were preserved as matrixes of motifs and associations, gradually resurfaced in a secular and Christian context.
The Status of Witchcraft in the Modern World
Authors: Hutton Ronald
Published: April 2008

Contemporary Pagan Witches have for the most part abandoned the foundation myth that they represent the survival of an ancient religion forced underground during the era of European witch trials. They have transformed older models of witchcraft to serve the needs of modern spirituality. Yet those same older models present problems to publics and governments around the world, where witchcraft persecutions and panics over 'ritual abuse' continue. Scholars of historical witch trials still have a role to play in educating people about the psychological realities of witchcraft and the dangers of panic and persecution.
On the unpredictability of contact effects
Authors: Thomason Sarah G.
Published: April 2008

Historical linguists know that any search for deterministic predictions on language change is bound to fail. But the urge to explain linguistic change is strong, and many linguists have proposed generalizations that make limited predictions about what can and what cannot happen in language history. In language contact situations, the major predictors of possible linguistic results are social rather than linguistic. But, specifying the crucial social factors turns out to be difficult. Only one social factor appears to yield a reliable constraint on the linguistic effects of contact: the presence or absence of full bilingualism among the speakers who introduce interference into a language. On the other hand, trying to find a reliable correlation, across a wide range of contact situations, between any specific attitudinal factors and specific linguistic results is probably doomed. Therefore, the goal of this paper is not to offer predictive generalizations about ways in which attitudes determine the linguistic results of contact, but rather to show why it is so difficult to find any.
Bilingualism and identity in the post-modern world
Authors: Heller Monica
Published: April 2008

Nowadays bilingualism is becoming a positive value to be promoted and defended in our western social and cultural context. Being understood from a wide perspective, bilingualism may be both a way of wielding the power and resisting it. Nevertheless, the most relevant aspect is understanding the sources of value of bilingualism and the nature of valued bilingual practices, because not all of them get the same recognition from the point of view of dominant languages and social groups. It is suggested that according to present dominant linguistic ideologies, the bilingualism that gets value and recognition in postmodernity is the one that is based on certain linguistic behaviours and practices that can only change very slightly monolingual standardizing ideologies which was hegemonic in modernity.
Private language planning
Authors: Piller Ingrid
Published: April 2008

One aspect of childhood bilingualism that is frequently overlooked is the fact that, in many cases, childhood bilingualism is the result of private language planning. Particularly so-called 'elite bilinguals' (middle-class international couples, expatriates, academics who raise their children in a non-native language, etc.) make carefully considered choices when it comes to the question whether to educate their children bilingually, and how to go about it. This article reviews the research literature on childhood bilingualism as it pertains to parental language planning. The main part of the article is devoted to an exploration of the choices parents make in such contexts, the ideologies that inform those choices and the practices that they engage in (as evidenced in self-reports). Finally, the attention will turn to the reported outcomes and the evaluations of those outcomes. The findings suggest that only a very limited number of aspects of public discourses (the research literature) filter through into private discourses (parental reports on their language planning). Consequently, the parents act in a societal context where bilingualism is increasingly valorised, but where a limited understanding of the sociolinguistics of bilingualism often leads to disappointment and self-doubt.
Speakers’ attitudes in language change, contact-language genesis and language preservation
Authors: Thomason Sarah G.
Published: April 2008

Many contact situations around the world show that speakers can, and sometimes do, make deliberate changes in their languages. Although deliberate changes are likely to affect entire languages only in small speech communities, most –or perhaps all– pidgin and creole languages developed, at least at first, within relatively small groups of speakers. In several cases, documentary evidence indicates that speakers´ attitudes significantly affected the process of pidgin / creole genesis, and they may have done so in many more instances as well. Moreover, many or most of the world´s living pidgins and creoles are spoken by so few people that the languages are gravely endangered, and the attitudes of an endangered language´s speakers are the most important factor in determining the success of efforts to preserve the language. The future of Chabacano seems bright precisely because so many of its speakers are eager to engage in preservation activities.
Estudio comparado de las actitudes lingüísticas de los escolares en contextos de minorización lingüística
Authors: Riaño Xosé Antón González , Canalís Ángel Huguet
Published: April 2008

This article presents the results of a study carried out simultaneously in Aragon, a partly Catalan-speaking community, and in Asturias. Its main objective is to discover the linguistic attitudes shown by pupils to the various languages they have contact with—Catalan and Castillian in Aragon and Asturian and Castillian in Asturias. In both cases, the use of the local language (Catalan and Asturian) is in decline. An analysis of the results shows, in both cases, that the pupils have a positive attitude towards the minority languages in question. However, it can also be seen from this study that Castillian is valued ever more highly. Among the variables which could explain these attitudes, the attendance of classes of Catalan and Asturian and the language spoken in the domestic environment seem to be the most decisive, although there are differences between the two cases studied.
Gendered emotive displays in complaint discourse
Authors: Acuña-Ferreira Virginia
Published: April 2008

Analyses of complaint discourse examine the procedures involved in the interactional management of this communicative activity and the conversational devices employed to invite an affiliative display. In this article, we centre particularly on emotions display in complaint discourse and discuss the gender meaning of certain affective intensification devices. After reviewing previous studies on complaint discourse, we apply methods of conversation analysis and interpretative sociolinguistics to the analysis of conversational extracts, in which female and male speakers complain about the negative behaviour of a third party displaying a high degree of emotive involvement. Our analysis emphasizes the construction of female and male styles, in the display of indignation, through complaint activities in these interactions, and the key role played by prosody in this respect.
‘language’ and ‘feel’ of bilingual memory
Authors: Schrauf Robert W. , Rubin David C.
Published: April 2008

How are language and emotion integrated in the mnemonic trace underlying reconstructive retrieval? Does remembering in the first versus the second language affect the feel of memories? In a protocol analysis of the kinds of information activated during memory search, Schrauf (2003) found that, as participants followed a train of associations in response to cue words, they most often evoked visual images (66%) vs. verbal (17%), feeling (13%), or conceptual (29%) associations. Because imagery is known to be a key factor in the mental re-experiencing of past events, this paper examines the interrelation of imagery with emotion and language in bilingual autobiographical memory. Thirty Spanish-English speaking Puerto Rican immigrants to the mainland US rated memories in both languages for visual, emotional, auditory, and linguistic detail. Multidimensional scaling analyses showed that visual detail and emotional intensity clustered together, suggesting that these are linked contributors to the sense of re-experiencing past events. Comparison of bilinguals’ recalls in Spanish vs. English showed more intensity of imagery and emotion in second language (English) than first language (Spanish) memories. We suggest that English memories are more recent, more novel, and require more effort-after-meaning (Bartlett, 1932) than Spanish memories and are therefore recalled with more imagistic detail and emotional intensity than Spanish memories.
¿Como se integran lingua e emoción no trazado mnemotécnico cando se leva a cabo a recuperación reconstrutiva? Recordar na primeira lingua versus na segunda, ¿afecta ao sentir das lembranzas? Nun estudo que analiza os tipos de información activados durante a procura de recordos, Schrauf (2003) atopou que, cando os participantes seguían unha cadea de asociacións en resposta a certas entradas, moi frecuentemente evocaban imaxes visuais (66%) vs. asociacións verbais (17%), sensitivas (13%) ou conceptuais (29%). Dado que se sabe que as imaxes son un factor central no revivir mental de acontecementos pasados, este artigo examina a interrelación das imaxes coa emoción e mais a lingua na memoria autobiográfica bilingüe. Trinta falantes de español e inglés, inmigrantes portorriqueños nos Estados Unidos, clasificaron de maneira detallada recordos nas dúas linguas, visual, emocional, auditiva e linguisticamente. As análises de proporcións multidimensionais probaron que o detalle visual e mais a intensidade emocional se agrupaban xuntos, e suxeriron que contribúen de maneira conxunta cando se reviven acontecementos pasados. A comparanza das lembranzas dos bilingües en español vs. inglés mostrou unha intensidade de imaxes e emocións meirande nos recordos da segunda lingua (inglés) ca nos da primeira lingua (español). A nosa suxestión é que as lembranzas en inglés son máis recentes, máis novidosas e requiren máis esforzodespois- do-significado (Bartlett, 1932) cós recordos en español e que, xa que logo, se traen á memoria cun maior detalle nas imaxes e na intensidade emocional cás lembranzas en español.
Multilinguality and emotions
Authors: Aronin Larissa
Published: April 2008

This study was conducted with young Russian-speaking immigrant adults in Israel who are in the process of becoming trilingual in Russian, Hebrew, and English. The focus of the study is on these trilinguals’ emotional experiences and attitudes with regard to a) themselves as speakers and learners; b) the process of language learning, and c) each of the languages in question. The findings suggest that the students display positive attitudes towards all of the languages in question and show increased self-confidence in the face of newly acquired multilinguality.
Este estudo levouse a cabo en Israel con xente nova inmigrante adulta que fala ruso, que está no proceso de facerse trilingüe en ruso, hebreo e inglés. O punto central do estudo son as experiencias emocionais e as actitudes destes trilingües en relación: a) con eles mesmos como falantes e estudantes da lingua; b) co proceso de aprendizaxe lingüística; e c) con cada unha das linguas. Os resultados suxiren que os estudantes mostran actitudes positivas cara a todas as linguas en cuestión e mostran un incremento da confianza neles mesmos diante da súa recente competencia plurilingüe.
Blistering barnacles! What language do multilinguals Swear in?!
Authors: Dewaele Jean-Marc
Published: April 2008

The present contribution focuses on the effects of language dominance / attrition, context of acquisition, age of onset of learning, frequency of general use of a language and sociodemographic variables on self-reported language choice for swearing. The analysis is based on a database to which 1039 multilinguals contributed through a web based questionnaire. Results suggest that, according to the self-reports, swearing happens most frequently in the multilinguals’ dominant language. Mixed instruction, an early start in the learning process, and frequent use of a language all contribute to the choice of that language for swearing. Sociodemographic variables were not found to have any effect. Frequency of language choice for swearing was found to be positively correlated with perceived emotional force of swearwords in that language. Quantitative results based on answers to close-ended questions corresponded to participants’ responses to open-ended questions.
O presente artigo céntrase nos efectos do dominio e perda lingüística, contexto de adquisición, idade de comezo da aprendizaxe, frecuencia de uso xeral da lingua, e mais das variábeis socio-demográficas, sobre as respostas dadas polos propios falantes a propósito das súas escollas de lingua para maldicir. A análise fundaméntase nunha base de datos á que contribuíron 1039 plurilingües, a través dunha enquisa exposta na rede. Os resultados suxiren que, segundo o que din os propios falantes, os xuramentos ocorren con meirande frecuencia na lingua dominante dos plurilingües. Unha instrución mixta, un comezo precoz no proceso de aprendizaxe, e mais o uso frecuente da lingua contribúen á escolla da lingua coa que se xura. Non se atoparon efectos das variábeis socio-demográficas. Atopouse unha correlación positiva entre a frecuencia da escolla de código para maldicir e a forza emocional percibida nos xuramentos nesa lingua. Os resultados cuantitativos baseados en respostas a preguntas con final pechado correspondéronse coas respostas dos participantes a preguntas con final aberto.
Dilemas y desafíos de la educación lingüística
Authors: Nussbaum Luci
Published: April 2008

This text illustrates some of the contradictions, which can currently be found inside the educational context as far as conceptualizations of languages and language teaching. These conceptualizations affect the measures taken for linguistic integration of immigrant students as well as affecting the native students. The article concludes with a listing of some of the actions now being implemented which favour linguistic education based in plurality of language use and competencies.
Reviews of Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croation and its Disintegration by Robert D. Greenberg; Language and Identity: National, ethnic, religious by John Joseph
Authors: Pavlenko Aneta
Published: April 2008

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Morpho-phonetic variation in the spoken French media
Authors: Howard Martin
Published: April 2008

While recent studies have provided pivotal insights into the use of a range of sociolinguistic variables by speakers of Hexagonal French, this paper aims to illuminate how their usage may diverge/converge in the spoken language of the media. Based on a quantitative study of liaison realisation, /l/ deletion, and ‘ne’ deletion, the paper compares a number of trends behind their usage by journalists with those previously identified in that profession and among the general public . Results suggest that sociolinguistic variation is by no means a uniform phenomenon among journalists, but rather a number of (socio)linguistic factors impinge on such variation, just as in the case of the public. The results are discussed in terms of the differences and similarities that emerge across the variables, such that the specificity of the sociolinguistic variable in itself is seen to impact significantly on its use.
Review of Actas del Primer Coloquio del Programa EDICE edited by Diana Bravo
Authors: Landeros Rosio Molina , Gutierrez Lucia Rodriguez
Published: April 2008

Diana Bravo (ed.) (2003). Actas del Primer Coloquio del Programa EDICE. “Perspectiva no etnocentrista de la cortesía: identidad sociocultural de las comunidades hispanohablantes”. Sweden: Stockholms Universitet. Pp. 388. ISBN: 91-974521-0-6 (e-Book).
The recycling of local discourses in the institutional talk
Authors: Prego Vázquez Gabriela
Published: April 2008

In this article we will analyze how institutional and public discourse may be naturalized (Thompson, 1990) through the recycling of elements from daily local discourse. The process of discourse naturalization is one of transformation, making what is local, universal, what is partisan, neutral, and what is arbitrary, natural. Specifically, we will examine, as strategies for the naturalization of institutional discourse: the mobilization of traditional vocatives; the use of local codes or of Galizan/Spanish code-switching; and the reference to local ‘discourse domains. Our data comes from a corpus of over twenty-five hours of audio recordings from public and institutional events that come from the area which encompasses the periurban of A Coruña city and the towns belonging to Bergantiños (Galicia). Methodologically, our focus is multidisciplinary. We selectively make use of analytical tools from interactional sociolinguistics, conversational analysis, ethnography of communication, microsociology, and critical discourse analysis.
Estudos Asiáticos no Brasil: contexto e desafios
Authors: Oliveira Henrique Altemani de , Masiero Gilmar
Published: April 2008

A análise das relações Brasil e Ásia constata a existência de certos esforços para um relacionamento mais consistente e abrangente entre ambos, seja no âmbito político, econômico e acadêmico. Entretanto, a taxa de intercâmbio entre eles ainda permanece muito aquém do desejável. Assim, discute-se perspectivas e possibilidades de crescimento de tal relacionamento entre os dois, como forma de fazer valer as iniciativas já correntes.
A Política Externa da Primeira República e os Estados Unidos: a atuação de Joaquim Nabuco em Washigton (1905-1910)
Authors: Pereira Paulo José dos Reis
Published: April 2008

Rio Branco, com a criação da embaixada brasileira em Washington em 1905, deu um novo fôlego para o movimento de aproximação com os Estados Unidos que já se verificava na política externa desde o advento da República. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da nossa pesquisa é, por meio de um trabalho de análise histórica, tendo como base, essencialmente, documentação primária, entender as concepções políticas e a influência que o primeiro ocupante do cargo de embaixador, Joaquim Nabuco, teve na condução desse relacionamento.
Instituições, atores e dinâmicas do ensino e da pesquisa em Relações Internacionais no Brasil: o diálogo entre a história, a ciência política e os novos paradigmas de interpretação (dos anos 90 aos nossos dias)
Authors: Lessa Antônio Carlos
Published: April 2008

No artigo se analisa o processo de rearticulação dos esforços de pesquisa e de ensino na grande área de Relações Internacionais no Brasil, especialmente considerando o dialogo entre a história das relações internacionais e a politologia internacional, que teriam produzido novos paradigmas de interpretação para a disciplina.
A América do Sul no discurso diplomático brasileiro
Authors: Santos Luís Cláudio Villafañe G.
Published: April 2008

No artigo se propõe analisar o processo de formação da identidade nacional do Brasil. Verifica-se, assim, um processo contínuo e multifacetado, como conseqüência das influências e inclusões de inúmeras variáveis políticas, econômicas, culturais e sociais, que se alteraram e se alteram até os nossos dias, com a decorrência da passagem do tempo e com o surgimento de novas ideologias, ou mesmo o retorno ou perpetuação das antigas. Assim sendo, apresenta-se uma trajetória do desenvolvimento identitário, que hoje, culmina na ênfase do caráter sul-americano do país.
A Política Externa Americana e seus críticos
Authors: Froelich Ivani Vassoler
Published: April 2008

Este artigo toma como referência analítica a teoria da estabilidade hegemônica como ponto de partida para o exame dos objetivos buscados por uma corrente crítica nos Estados Unidos que propõe um mudança de rumo na condução da atual política externa americana. Os conceitos de poder duro e de poder suave, e as implicações de ambos, são discutidos dentro do contexto das ações internacionais dos Estados Unidos, contrapondo as prioridades da Guerra Fria com os novos desafios da era pós-Guerra Fria, a partir dos atentados de 11 de Setembro e a guerra no Iraque.
Administração pública comparada: uma avaliação das reformas administrativas do Brasil, EUA e União Européia
Authors: Matias-Pereira José
Published: April 2008

Este artigo aprofunda o debate, no âmbito da ciência da administração pública - sob o enfoque da administração pública comparada -, sobre a evolução e os problemas recentes na gestão da administração pública no Brasil, EUA e União Européia. A análise revela que as reformas administrativas chegaram à maioria dos países do mundo impelidas pelo Consenso de Washington. Distintos estudos constatam que, a new public management (NPM - nova gestão pública) pode ter afetado muitos países, mas o teria feito em alguns de forma mais profunda. Observa-se que, tanto no Brasil quanto nos países selecionados, fortes elementos de continuidade podem ser identificados, depois de mais de 20 anos de reforma, demonstrando que as reformas colaboraram muito pouco em termos de estabilidade ou satisfação.
Distribuição de Carabidae e Staphylinidae em agroecossistemas
Authors: Cividanes Francisco Jorge , Santos-Cividanes Terezinha Monteiro dos
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a distribuição da riqueza de espécies e a preferência pelo habitat de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera), em áreas com rotação de soja e milho, em plantio direto e convencional, e em áreas adjacentes a estas com fragmento florestal e povoamento de pínus, respectivamente. Os besouros foram amostrados por meio de armadilhas de solo distribuídas em dois transectos de 100 m de comprimento. A distribuição da riqueza de espécies nas culturas, no fragmento florestal e no pínus foi avaliada por meio de análise de regressão linear. A análise de agrupamento foi empregada para identificar as espécies quanto à preferência pelos habitats: fragmento florestal, pínus, cultura e interface. A distribuição da riqueza de espécies de Carabidae e Staphylinidae não variou em relação à posição no transecto, enquanto a riqueza de espécies observada nas interfaces foi elevada em comparação com a encontrada nos demais habitats. A ocorrência de espécies de Carabidae diferiu conforme o tipo de cobertura vegetal: Megacephala sp. e Scarites sp. preferiram áreas cultivadas em sistema de rotação soja-milho; Odontochila nodicornis (Dejean) preferiu o fragmento florestal e o povoamento de pínus. A espécie Abaris basistriatus Chaudoir caracterizou-se como generalista quanto à preferência pelo habitat.
Ativação de defesa em cacaueiro contra a murcha-de-verticílio por extratos naturais e acibenzolar-S-metil
Authors: Pereira Ricardo Borges , Resende Mário Lúcio Vilela de , Ribeiro Júnior Pedro Martins , Amaral Daniel Rufino , Lucas Gilvaine Ciavareli , Cavalcanti Fábio Rossi
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de extratos fúngicos e vegetais na redução da murcha-de-verticílio do cacaueiro, as atividades da peroxidase e polifenoloxidase e o conteúdo de lignina. Mudas de cacaueiro foram pulverizadas com filtrado de micélio de Rhizopus sp. (FMR), quitosana de Rhizopus sp. (QMR) e Trichoderma sp. (QMT), extratos de casca in natura e seca de maracujá, extrato metanólico de casca seca de frutos de maracujá (MMS) e acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM - 0.2 mg mL-1) e sete dias depois, submetidas à inoculação de Verticillium dahliae. O ASM reduziu a murcha-de-verticílio em 38,0%, seguido dos extratos FMR, QMT, MMS e QMR, que apresentaram reduções em 22,8, 20,1, 19,2 e 15,7%, respectivamente, em relação à testemunha. Plantas pulverizadas com ASM ou FMR seguidas de inoculação apresentaram aumento da atividade de peroxidase aos oito dias após a pulverização, comparadas às respectivas testemunhas, com pico aos 18 dias após a pulverização. ASM e FMR aumentaram a atividade de polifenoloxidase aos quatro dias após a pulverização. Maiores concentrações de lignina foram obtidas em plantas tratadas com FMR e FMR seguido de inoculação. FMR é um potencial indutor de resistência para manejo de murcha-de-verticílio em cacaueiro.
Herança da senescência retardada em milho
Authors: Costa Emiliano Fernandes Nassau , Santos Mateus Figueiredo , Moro Gustavo Vitti , Alves Geovani Ferreira , Souza Júnior Cláudio Lopes de
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a herança da senescência retardada em milho. Foram realizados cruzamentos dialélicos parciais entre 50 linhagens e cinco testadores. Os 250 cruzamentos resultantes, além de seis híbridos comerciais utilizados como testemunhas, foram avaliados em oito ambientes, no delineamento látice simples 16x16, com duas repetições por ambiente. Os cruzamentos dialélicos foram analisados utilizando o método 4 do modelo 1 de Griffing, adaptado para múltiplos ambientes. A contribuição da capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) para a expressão do caráter "stay-green" (69,06%) foi maior que a da capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) (30,94%), evidenciando que os efeitos aditivos são mais importantes que os efeitos não aditivos na expressão deste caráter. Tanto a CGC como a CEC interagiram significativamente com o ambiente, indicando que a seleção para este caráter deve ser realizada com base nas médias de experimentos em diversos ambientes.
Melhoramento e estrutura populacional em bubalinos da raça Mediterrâneo no Brasil
Authors: Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Ramos Alcides de Amorim , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza , Azevedo Danielle Maria Machado Ribeiro , Martins Filho Raimundo , Souza Julio César de
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura populacional e os progressos genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais de características de desenvolvimento ponderal, em bubalinos da raça Mediterrâneo. Foram utilizadas informações dos pesos ajustados aos 205, 365 e 550 dias de idade, de 6.243 bubalinos nascidos no período de 1974 a 2003, provenientes de quatro fazendas. As estimativas dos coeficientes de herdabilidade foram altas para os pesos ajustados nas três idades. Os rebanhos apresentaram ganho genético positivo quanto a essas três características, porém, aquém do possível, provavelmente em razão da seleção baseada somente no fenótipo, realizada pelos produtores. Para aumento nos ganhos genéticos, são necessários a redução do intervalo de geração, o aumento do tamanho efetivo, o uso de reprodutores avaliados com base nos valores genéticos preditos pelo BLUP e o controle dos acasalamentos de animais aparentados.
Concentrações séricas hormonais em vacas azebuadas submetidas à baixa e alta ingestão alimentar
Authors: Martins Aline Carvalho , Mollo Marcos Rollemberg , Bastos Michele Ricieri , Guardieiro Monique Mendes , Sartori Roberto
Published: April 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da ingestão alimentar nas concentrações séricas de hormônios reprodutivos e metabólicos em vacas azebuadas. Dezoito vacas foram divididas em dois grupos: 170% (alta ingestão = A) e 66% (baixa ingestão = B) da dieta de manutenção. Com 21 dias nas dietas experimentais, as vacas tiveram o estro sincronizado. Posteriormente, os ovários foram avaliados por ultra-sonografia transretal e sangue foi coletado diariamente até o dia 7 do ciclo (ovulação = dia 1). Na análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t. As vacas ganharam 1,1 kg por dia no grupo A e perderam 1,5 kg por dia de PV no grupo B. Apesar de não ter havido diferença entre os grupos no diâmetro máximo do folículo ovulatório, o grupo A apresentou pico pré-ovulatório de estradiol sérico menor. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos quanto ao volume luteal e concentração sérica de progesterona no dia 7 do ciclo e de FSH, IGF-I e insulina séricos no período peri-ovulatório. As dietas experimentais não alteraram a função ovariana e as concentrações séricas de hormônios reprodutivos e metabólicos, com exceção do estradiol, sugerindo que, no grupo de alta ingestão, ocorreu maior metabolismo desse hormônio.
The monetary transmission mechanism in Brazil: evidence from a var analysis
Authors: Luporini Viviane
Published: April 2008

This article presents evidence on the interest channel of the monetary policy for the Brazilian economy of the 1990s analyzing the effects of an unexpected change in the baseline interest rate on output, prices and the exchange rate in a vector autoregression system. Our main results are: a) a tightening in the monetary policy affects economic activity immediately, reducing the rate of growth of real GDP; b) the exchange rate and prices are affected only after a time interval, with inflation assuming a downward trend only two months after the monetary shock; c) results do not change when the specification is controlled for international conditions, commodity prices or other measures of inflation and economic activity; d) monetary shocks have a significant impact on the volatility of output and inflation in the benchmark model e) monetary shocks have a significant impact on the volatility of the debt/GDP ratio in the control-model.
Modelos de precificação hedônica de imóveis residenciais na região metropolitana de São Paulo: uma abordagem sob as perspectivas da demanda e da oferta
Authors: Fávero Luiz Paulo Lopes , Belfiore Patrícia Prado , Lima Gerlando A. S. Franco de
Published: April 2008

Este trabalho utiliza-se da técnica de modelos de preços hedônicos em uma amostra de 1860 apartamentos residenciais com lançamentos no ano de 2004, localizados em distritos de renda baixa, média e alta da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Por meio da utilização da especificação logarítmica em equações de dois estágios de Rosen, o modelo verifica quais atributos mais interferem nas condições de oferta e demanda dos imóveis e compara a importância relativa de cada um quando se varia o perfil sócio-demográfico. Para tanto, atributos intrínsecos e extrínsecos são analisados, possibilitando o estudo de estratégias de projetos designadas para cada tipo de imóvel, consistentes com as preferências dos consumidores.
Um aspecto da política econômica do "milagre brasileiro": a política de mercado de capitais e a bolha especulativa 1969-1971
Authors: Macarini José Pedro
Published: April 2008

Este artigo busca contribuir para a literatura sobre a política de mercado de capitais desenvolvida pelo regime militar ocupando-se de um capítulo que permaneceu inexplorado, qual seja, as principais medidas e seus resultados observados no período 1968-1973. Nesses anos ocorreu um vigoroso ciclo de crescimento e, em 1969-1971, um exuberante processo especulativo na Bolsa (em uma fase inicial interpretado pelas autoridades como sinal de êxito da política econômica do regime). O fim da bolha especulativa foi seguido de uma prolongada estagnação da Bolsa, não obstante reiteradas tentativas da política econômica de revitalizar o mercado de capitais.