bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Just talk? Learning across political divides on college campuses
Authors: Wahl Rachel
Published: July 2019

How can universities cultivate students’ capacity to learn across political divides? While many universities affirm the importance of open exchange between people who hold different views, it is unclear whether, what, and how students learn through such conversations. This article draws on observations of a deliberative dialogue between college students who cast a presidential vote for Trump or Clinton as well as on interviews with those students to identify what and how they learn through the conversation as well as what supports that learning. Recent political theorists have argued for including diverse forms of speech in order to expand what deliberation can accomplish. This inquiry suggests, first, that diversifying speech within deliberation can also strengthen traditional forms of deliberative learning (such as the willingness to listen to each others’ reasons). Moreover, deliberative speech as it has been traditionally conceived can also accomplish some of what theorists hope alternative speech forms could cultivate, such as shifting relationships between interlocuters. Finally and most simply, the study shows that it is possible for students to learn from politically diverse peers even during a one-time event that occurs outside of the classroom. Three forms of content learning were identified: learning that is ‘hermeneutic’ deepened students’ understanding of other people; ‘deliberative’ learning increased understanding of political issues and views; and ‘process’ learning honed students’ capacity for these conversations. Learning also varied in quality: it was ‘additive’ when students added to their existing framework of knowledge or entailed ‘new insight’ when students shifted in their relationship to a person or idea. These forms of learning are interdependent and provide important support for each other. In particular, universities may enhance students’ capacity for hermeneutic and deliberative learning by intentionally combining elements of both in academic settings.
Broadening conceptions of a “college-going culture”: The role of high school climate factors in college enrollment and persistence
Authors: Knight David S , Duncheon Julia C
Published: July 2019

As workforce participation increasingly requires a college degree, ensuring that more students from traditionally underrepresented populations have the opportunity to enter and complete college is an equity imperative. To that end, high school reforms have promoted “college-going cultures” in low-performing high schools through interventions such as rigorous course offerings and college counseling. College access research has focused on issues specific to academics and college-going processes. Yet this research has tended to ignore broader school climate factors such as school safety and extracurricular programming, which may play a critical role in postsecondary opportunity, especially for historically underserved students. The current study applies hierarchical generalized linear modeling to the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 to 2006 to examine the role of college-going culture and high school climate characteristics on college enrollment and persistence. We find that while some components of college-going culture are associated with the likelihood of college enrollment and persistence, that relationship is moderated by school climate factors. We conclude that efforts to implement a college-going culture may struggle if extracurricular opportunities, school safety, and overall school climate issues are ignored.
Comparison of Volar and Dorsal Approach for PIP Arthroplasty
Authors: Tranchida Geneva V. , Allen Scott T. , Moen Susan M. , Erickson Lauren O. , Ward Christina M.
Published: July 2019

Background: No consensus exists about whether a volar approach (VA) or dorsal approach (DA) for proximal interphalangeal (PIP) arthroplasty yields better results. Previously reported range of motion (ROM) and complications vary from study to study. This retrospective review compared the ROM and complication rates of VA and DA approaches to PIP arthroplasty. Methods: The study included 66 adults (88 digits) who underwent PIP arthroplasty from 2000 to 2015, with minimum 30-day follow-up. Demographic data, surgical approach, pre- and post-operative ROM, duration of immobilization, timing and duration of hand therapy (occupational therapy [OT]), and major and minor complications were recorded. We compared mean change in ROM, postoperative ROM, and complication rates, and examined the association of duration of immobilization and time to OT initiation with postoperative ROM. Results: While there was no difference in postoperative ROM between volar and dorsal groups (56° and 54°, respectively, P > .05), there was a greater gain in ROM in the DA group (25° vs 2.7°, P = .017). There was no statistically significant difference in overall incidence of complications (VA: 37.8%, DA: 30.3%; P > .05) or revision surgery (VA: 15.6%, DA: 17.1%; P > .05). There were no differences in duration of immobilization, time to OT initiation, or number of OT sessions between the two groups, and none of these correlated with postoperative ROM. Conclusions: We identified no statistical difference in mean postoperative ROM, incidence of complications or revision surgery between volar and dorsal approaches for PIP arthroplasty.
Adolescent Health Behaviors and Difficulty Concentrating, Remembering, and Making Decisions
Authors: Burns Ryan D. , Pfledderer Christopher D. , Fu You
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among physical activity, dietary behaviors, and other salient health behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleeping with self-reported adolescent mental health on the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YBRS). A multistage cluster sampling procedure was employed to yield a representative sample of US adolescents. The number of sampled adolescents with usable data was 14 765. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to examine the predictive utility of independent health behaviors associating with reported mental health problems (difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions), and meeting multiple health behavior criteria with reported mental health problems adjusting for age, sex, body mass index percentile, and race/ethnicity. Meeting physical activity guidelines, consuming breakfast every day, not smoking and/or consuming alcohol in the past 30 days, and sleeping at least 8 hours per night independently associated with lower odds of mental health problems ( P < .01). For every one additional positive health behavior met, there were significantly lower odds of reported mental health problems (OR = 0.73, 95%CI 0.68-0.78, P < .001). Meeting salient positive health behavior criteria and meeting multiple positive health behavior criteria associated with lower odds of self-reported difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions on the 2017 National YRBS.
The contributions of Otto Hebold and Julius Gaupp to the study of spinal vascular malformations: Original documents and historical context
Authors: Gailloud Philippe
Published: July 2019

Book chapters and journal articles dealing with spinal cord vascular malformations often reference Otto Hebold and Julius Gaupp, but frequently misrepresent the observations published by the two German authors in the late 19th century. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better appreciation of these important contributions based on abridged translations of original documents set in their historical context, notably regarding the landmark works of Brasch, Raymond and Cestan, and Lindenmann. It is concluded that Gaupp offered the first reliable description of a perimedullary arteriovenous fistula while the lesion reported by Hebold was not a spinal vascular malformation.
Intuitive Honesty Versus Dishonesty: Meta-Analytic Evidence
Authors: Köbis Nils C. , Verschuere Bruno , Bereby-Meyer Yoella , Rand David , Shalvi Shaul
Published: July 2019

Is self-serving lying intuitive? Or does honesty come naturally? Many experiments have manipulated reliance on intuition in behavioral-dishonesty tasks, with mixed results. We present two meta-analyses (with evidential value) testing whether an intuitive mind-set affects the proportion of liars ( k = 73; n = 12,711) and the magnitude of lying ( k = 50; n = 6,473). The results indicate that when dishonesty harms abstract others, promoting intuition causes more people to lie, log odds ratio = 0.38, p = .0004, and people to lie more, Hedges’s g = 0.26, p < .0001. However, when dishonesty inflicts harm on concrete others, promoting intuition has no significant effect on dishonesty ( p > .63). We propose one potential explanation: The intuitive appeal of prosociality may cancel out the intuitive selfish appeal of dishonesty, suggesting that the social consequences of lying could be a promising key to the riddle of intuition’s role in honesty. We discuss limitations such as the relatively unbalanced distribution of studies using concrete versus abstract victims and the overall large interstudy heterogeneity.
Unveiling and Revealing the Mirror: Mobile Reverberations in Patrick Bokanowski’s Animated Films
Authors: Rama Tamara , Lloret Carmen
Published: July 2019

The principal focus of this article is to provide an analysis of some of the most significant works by the independent filmmaker Patrick Bokanowski and the methodology he uses to create those animated films. It addresses Bokanowski’s technique of filming on various kinds of reflective surfaces as a strategy for transforming the image through optical deformation and thereby expressing his subjective vision in films and animation. He explores the practical application of creating reverberation as visual echoes, as well as the use of unusual reflections that appear in mirrors and other more unstable reflective surfaces, such as liquid mercury, and the refraction occurring in sculpted lenses, glass or water. The aim of this strategy is the pure expression of subjective experience, with the director using a camera as if it were an entirely free-moving paintbrush that inspires creativity and breaks loose from automatic camera movements. Accordingly, this study examines the dynamic, expressive potential of the language of catoptrics, taking as paradigmatic examples two of Bokanowski’s short films: La Plage (1992) and Au bord du lac (1994). The authors’ analyses of these films are aimed at demonstrating how the artist manages to bring about qualitative, transformative changes of forms and space by reflecting images on mirrors, ripples in mercury and movements of water, and by combining these elements. The system developed by Bokanowski successfully transports us to an ever-changing, poetic universe and breaks new ground in the field of animation.
Disney’s Final Package Film: The Making and Marketing ofThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad(1949)
Authors: Neuman Robert
Published: July 2019

As the last of Disney’s package films in the troubled decade of the 1940s, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949) has acquired the reputation of an awkward ‘marriage of convenience’ of two separate stories based on well-known literary properties, one American and one British: Washington Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Kenneth Grahame’s The Wind in the Willows. This article, by reconstructing the gestation of the film over eight years, demonstrates the degree to which the stark contrast between the two halves was not only inevitable but deliberate. This is especially visible in the handling of the narrative – action set pieces for Toad and a full-fledged musical for Ichabod – as well as the art direction, which favors realism for Toad and stylization for Ichabod. An analysis of the marketing campaign shows that the film was presented as a facsimile of the standard double bill of the period, with an A picture and a B picture. In lauding its new cast of sympathetic Disney characters and stories that stimulate a full range of emotional responses, some film critics in Britain and the US compared Ichabod and Mr. Toad favorably to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Dumbo and the Silly Symphonies, calling the film a harbinger of a Disney renaissance – a revival that would be fully realized with the premiere of Cinderella in 1950.
Author Reply: More About When Bad News Arrives and Good News Strikes
Authors: van Dijk Wilco W. , Smith Richard H.
Published: July 2019

We address the differences between schadenfreude and happiness and those between gluckschmerz and anger. We argue that these emotions are largely elicited by distinct interactions of appraisals that trigger distinct emotional responses. Moreover, we discuss both schadenfreude and gluckschmerz in relation to the emotional lexicon of several languages and conclude that these emotions help us to better understand human behaviour.
Clinical Importance of Nasal Air Conditioning: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Newsome Hillary , L. Lin Emily , Poetker David M. , Garcia Guilherme J. M.
Published: July 2019

Background

Nasal air conditioning (ie, heating and humidification of inspired air) is an important function of the nasal cavity. This function may be reduced in cases of aggressive nasal surgery. Future virtual surgery planning tools may be used to design surgical approaches that preserve the nasal air conditioning capacity while decreasing airflow resistance. However, it is unclear whether there is a threshold below which impaired nasal air conditioning is associated with negative health consequences.

Objective

This study aims to review the literature on the clinical impact of reduced nasal air conditioning and its implications for nasal surgery outcomes.

Methods

A literature search was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases for articles that investigated the effect of air temperature and humidity on mucociliary clearance, respiratory epithelial structure, and the prevalence and severity of respiratory diseases.

Results

Inspiration of cold, dry air has direct effects on the respiratory epithelium, such as reduced mucociliary clearance and loss of cilia. Nasal surgeries do inflict some changes to the nasal mucosa and geometry that may result in decreased heating and humidification, but it is unclear how long these effects last. Laryngectomy patients serve as a human model for the absence of nasal air conditioning. The heat and moisture exchangers that many laryngectomy patients wear have been shown to improve lung function and reduce pulmonary symptoms associated with breathing unconditioned air, such as increased coughing and thickened mucus.

Conclusion

Nasal air conditioning is an important mechanism to maintain mucociliary clearance and prevent infection by inhaled pathogens. Preservation of nasal air conditioning capacity should be considered in the implementation of future virtual surgery planning tools. However, a threshold for the onset of negative health consequences due to impaired nasal air conditioning is not yet available.
Treatment of psychoses in patients with epilepsy: an update
Authors: Agrawal Niruj , Mula Marco
Published: July 2019

Psychotic disorders represent a relatively rare but serious comorbidity in epilepsy. Current epidemiological studies are showing a point prevalence of 5.6% in unselected samples of people with epilepsy going up to 7% in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, with a pooled odds ratio of 7.8 as compared with the general population. This is a narrative review of the most recent updates in the management of psychotic disorders in epilepsy, taking into account the clinical scenarios where psychotic symptoms occur in epilepsy, interactions with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and the risk of seizures with antipsychotics. Psychotic symptoms in epilepsy can arise in a number of different clinical scenarios from peri-ictal symptoms, to chronic interictal psychoses, comorbid schizophrenia and related disorders to the so-called forced normalization phenomenon. Data on the treatment of psychotic disorders in epilepsy are still limited and the management of these problems is still based on individual clinical experience. For this reason, guidelines of treatment outside epilepsy should be adopted taking into account epilepsy-related issues including interactions with AEDs and seizure risk. Second-generation antipsychotics, especially risperidone, can represent a reasonable first-line option because of the low propensity for drug–drug interactions and the low risk of seizures. Quetiapine is burdened by a clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction with enzyme-inducing drugs leading to undetectable levels of the antipsychotic, even for dosages up to 700 mg per day.
Every Door Direct Mail in US survey research: An anonymous census approach to mail survey sampling
Authors: Grubert Emily
Published: July 2019

Mail surveys remain a popular method of eliciting attitudinal information, but declining response rates motivate inquiry into new, lower cost methods of contacting potential respondents. This work presents methodological findings from a medium-sized (~12,000 addresses) mail survey testing a United States Postal Service direct mail product called Every Door Direct Mail as a low-cost approach to anonymous mail survey distribution. The results suggest that under certain conditions, Every Door Direct Mail can be a useful approach for mail survey distribution, with response rates similar to those observed with analogous first-class mailing approaches but lower cost per response. As a tool for postal carrier-route saturation mailing that does not use names or addresses, Every Door Direct Mail is potentially useful for researchers who work in small, specific geographies or value or require anonymity. The results from this work suggest good performance on demographics and socially undesirable answers for Every Door Direct Mail relative to addressed mailings. The major disadvantages include an inability to conduct household-level probability sampling, an inability to customize nonresponse follow-up, and minimum mailing sizes associated with the postal carrier route saturation requirement. Every Door Direct Mail is unlikely to become a major tool for survey researchers, but it could be useful in niche applications. This study introduces Every Door Direct Mail to the survey methodology literature and presents empirical data intended to help researchers considering using Every Door Direct Mail.
Psychological Health and Smoking in Young Adulthood
Authors: Schmidt Allison M. , Golden Shelley D. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Ennett Susan T. , Aiello Allison E. , Ribisl Kurt M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Young adulthood is a critical time for the emergence of risk behaviors including smoking. Psychological health is associated with smoking, but studies rarely track both over time. We used longitudinal data to assess whether average patterns of psychological health influenced average patterns of smoking and whether short-term fluctuations in psychological health influenced fluctuations in smoking.

Method:

Young adults aged 18–30 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were followed from 2007 to 2013, and mean trajectories of smoking were modeled. Psychological health variables included ever having a mental health diagnosis and time-varying distress.

Results:

In regression models, individuals with poorer psychological health (higher distress or a diagnosis) were more likely to be smokers and to smoke greater number of cigarettes. The association of diagnosis with number of cigarettes smoked increased with age.

Conclusions:

Smoking-related interventions should target individuals with poorer psychological health, even if they have no formal mental health diagnosis.
Strength and Challenges of OBOR Initiative: Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh Kanwal Deepinder Pal
Published: July 2019

The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative of China is an attempt to ‘remake’ or recreate the ancient Silk Road or Silk Route, symbolising not only trade network but more importantly cultural interaction. It is an ambitious Eurasian strategy with large financial support, which aims to draw linkages from China to various regions of the world. The connectivity and cooperation presented by China between itself and the rest of Eurasia has two main components: the land-based ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ (SREB) and ocean-going ‘Maritime Silk Road’ (MSR). The ‘Belt’ includes countries geographically situated on the original Silk Road through Central Asia, West Asia, Russia and Europe and has six main corridors. Countries on the Belt and Road—especially those with underdeveloped infrastructure, low investment rates and per capita income—could experience a boost in trade flow and benefit from infrastructure development.

 The main challenge for China and for the initiative is the potential for conflicts or geopolitical tensions that could emerge with other powers. This project will increase United States’ attention on Central Asia and South Asian region. This will have consequences for the smooth implementation of the strategy. There is an expected resistance from Russia and Russian-led Eurasian Union (EU) that may divide the relevant countries along the route, leaving them torn between choosing to pursue stronger ties with Russia or with China.

 India also remains cautious of the project and still has not expressed its full support. It sees the initiative not as an opportunity, but as a threat or a form of competition. India’s objections are rooted in issues of sovereignty and territorial integrity. For instance, India opposes the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a pilot project of the trade initiative, due to its route passing through Gilgit-Baltistan, which is a disputed area between Pakistan and India. India has its own agenda of connectivity and cooperation.

 This article shall first discuss the strengths and challenges of this project and analyse the regional, national and international situations. The Chinese initiative will be discussed, focusing on China’s domestic constraints along with regional economic situation and political tensions in neighbourhood. The Indian perspective related to this initiative shall be discussed in detail, including the ‘Look East-Act East’ policy. Planning and implementation of the project and its impact on bilateral relations shall be discussed. The author shall also analyse the South Asian perspective as a whole, which is plagued by territorial conflicts, bad governance, security threats, impaired transparency, energy crisis, poor infrastructure, fragile institutions and limping economies.
A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase III Noninferiority Trial to Compare the Clinical Efficacy of Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation With Spheroid Technology Versus Arthroscopic Microfracture for Cartilage Defects of the Knee
Authors: Niemeyer Philipp , Laute Volker , Zinser Wolfgang , Becher Christoph , Kolombe Thomas , Fay Jakob , Pietsch Stefan , Kuźma Tomasz , Widuchowski Wojciech , Fickert Stefan
Published: July 2019

Background:

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and microfracture are established treatments for large, full-thickness cartilage defects, but there is still a need to expand the clinical and health economic knowledge of these procedures.

Purpose:

To confirm the noninferiority of ACI compared with microfracture.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Patients were randomized to be treated with matrix-associated ACI using spheroid technology (n = 52) or microfracture (n = 50). Both procedures followed standard methods. Patients were assessed by the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) scoring system, Bern score, modified Lysholm score, International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) rating (histological and immunochemical scoring after rebiopsy 24 months after implantation), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) examination form. The main assessments were conducted 24 months after study treatment.

Results:

In the primary intention-to-treat analysis, the overall KOOS score for both ACI and microfracture yielded a statistically significant improvement relative to baseline. According to the between-group analysis, ACI passed the test of noninferiority compared with microfracture; thus, the primary goal of the study was achieved. The KOOS subscores yielded the same qualitative results as the overall KOOS score (ie, for each of these, noninferiority was demonstrated), and in 1 case (Activities of Daily Living subscore), the threshold for superiority was passed. The subgroup analyses did not yield any clear evidence of an association between treatment effect and any of the categories investigated (age, diagnosis, defect localization, sex). A histological analysis of biopsies from 16 patients (ACI: n = 9; microfracture: n = 7) suggested a better quality of repair in the patients treated with ACI.

Conclusion:

The efficacy of both ACI and microfracture was demonstrated with respect to both functional outcomes and morphological repair. The primary analysis confirmed the statistical hypothesis of the noninferiority of ACI, even for relatively small cartilage defects (1-4 cm2) treated in this study, the indication for which microfracture is generally accepted as the standard of care. ACI showed significant superiority in the KOOS subscores of Activities of Daily Living at 24 months and Knee-related Quality of Life at 12 months.

Registration:

NCT01222559 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Patient Views of Behavioral Health Providers in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study of 2 Southeastern Clinics
Authors: Koehler Aubry N , Trejo Grisel , Sandberg Joanne C , Swain Brittany H , Marion Gail S , Kirk Julienne K
Published: July 2019

Background:

Limited research is available around patient experience of integrated behavioral health care in primary care settings.

Objective:

We sought to identify the major themes through which patients described their integrated behavioral health care experiences as a means of informing and improving clinic processes of integrated health care delivery.

Methods:

We captured viewpoints from 16 patients who experienced an integrated behavioral health care model from 2 primary care clinics and completed at least 3 visits with a behavioral health provider (BHP). Using grounded theory analyses, we coded and analyzed transcriptions for emergent themes.

Analysis:

The interview process yielded 3 major themes related to the BHP including (a) the BHPs’ clinic presence made behavioral health care more convenient and accessible, (b) BHPs worked within time and program limitations, and (c) BHPs helped with coping, wellness, and patient-care team communication.

Conclusion:

The BHPs serving in a large primary care practice and a Federally Qualified Health Center played an important role in connecting patients with behavioral health care and improving care team collaboration, both in terms of communication within the team and between the team and the patient/family.
Evaluation effectiveness of 0.1% nepafenac on injection-related pain in patients undergoing intravitreal Ozurdex injection
Authors: Ogurel Tevfik , Ogurel Reyhan , Ozkal Fatma , Ölmez Yaşar , Örnek Nurgül , Onaran Zafer
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the analgesic effect of topical 0.1% nepafenac solution during intravitreal Ozurdex injection.

Methods:

This prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study included 59 patients who were diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion or pseudophakic cystoid macular edema and were selected to receive intravitreal Ozurdex injection. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1, consisting of 31 eyes of 31 patients, received topical 0.1% nepafenac with topical anesthesia (0.5% proparacaine HCl, Alcaine; Alcon, TX, USA), and group 2, consisting of 28 eyes of 28 patients, received placebo with topical anesthesia.

Results:

There were 14 (45.2%) men and 17 (54.8%) women in group 1 and 16 (57.1%) men and 12 (42.9%) women in group 2. The mean age of the subjects was 64.42 ± 5.51 years in group 1 and 62.32 ± 7.54 years in group 2. The median visual analog scale pain score was 2 (1–3) in group 1 and 4 (1–6) in group 2. The visual analog scale pain score was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Topical 0.1% nepafenac has an additive analgesic effect when combined with topical anesthesia for intravitreal Ozurdex injection.
Fabrication of micro-mixer on printed circuit board using electrochemical micromachining
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Bhattacharya Shantanu
Published: July 2019

Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) has been mostly carried out in situations demanding precision, complexity in the shapes of final components and in case the surface integrity and performance are independent of the machining process. In this work, the following have been demonstrated:

The first part of the work demonstrates the experimental setup for ECMM that is used to fabricate a micro-mixer on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate by using a single point electrochemical machining tool with a tip diameter—150 µm. The method is able to show a promising route of fabrication where the circuit lines on a PCB substrate can be printed with high yield and processing speeds. The second part of the article points out that machining can be carried out on PCB substrates through electrochemical processes using a single point tool and a minimum feature size of 243 µm can be machined with a fine tolerance of 0.025 µm and roughness = 3.0459 µm~7.2404 µm. The third part of the article reports the geometrical parameters of a relatively complex geometry of a micro-mixer which is arrived at through a COMSOL based simulation platform that is fabricated using the mentioned manufacturing process. The process is further validated through the design of experiments, and fluid flow and mixing behaviour on the fabricated structure is evaluated through an epifluorescence microscope.

The advantages that this technique may offer is in terms of achieving an overall low feature size in comparison to micro-milling and avoiding the complexities of lithography-driven processes to produce a process which has a much lower equipment dependency, is environmentally benign in comparison to the lithography driven techniques and is overall low in cost.
Implementing alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy in primary care settings: a qualitative analysis of provider-identified barriers and impact on implementation outcomes
Authors: Hagedorn Hildi J. , Wisdom Jennifer P. , Gerould Heather , Pinsker Erika , Brown Randall , Dawes Michael , Dieperink Eric , Myrick Donald Hugh , Oliva Elizabeth M. , Wagner Todd H. , Harris Alex H. S.
Published: July 2019

Background

Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), in 2016, only 7.8% of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria received any type of AUD treatment. Developing options for treatment within primary care settings is imperative to increase treatment access. As part of a trial to implement AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care settings, this qualitative study analyzed pre-implementation provider interviews using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify implementation barriers.

Methods

Three large Veterans Health Administration facilities participated in the implementation intervention. Local providers were trained to serve as implementation/clinical champions and received external facilitation from the project team. Primary care providers received a dashboard of patients with AUD for case identification, educational materials, and access to consultation from clinical champions. Veterans with AUD diagnoses received educational information in the mail. Prior to the start of implementation activities, 24 primary care providers (5–10 per site) participated in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using common coding techniques for qualitative data using the CFIR codebook Innovation/Intervention Characteristics, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, and Characteristics of Individuals domains. Number and type of barriers identified were compared to quantitative changes in AUD pharmacotherapy prescribing rates.

Results

Four major barriers emerged across all three sites: complexity of providing AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care, the limited compatibility of AUD treatment with existing primary care processes, providers’ limited knowledge and negative beliefs about AUD pharmacotherapy and providers’ negative attitudes toward patients with AUD. Site specific barriers included lack of relative advantage of providing AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care over current practice, complaints about the design quality and packaging of implementation intervention materials, limited priority of addressing AUD in primary care and limited available resources to implement AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care.

Conclusions

CFIR constructs were useful for identifying pre-implementation barriers that informed refinements to the implementation intervention. The number and type of pre-implementation barriers identified did not demonstrate a clear relationship to the degree to which sites were able to improve AUD pharmacotherapy prescribing rate. Site-level implementation process factors such as leadership support and provider turn-over likely also interacted with pre-implementation barriers to drive implementation outcomes.
Managing Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Breast Cancer Survivors Receiving Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Sussman Tamara A. , Kruse Megan L. , Thacker Holly L. , Abraham Jame
Published: July 2019

Patients with breast cancer receiving antiestrogen therapy, specifically aromatase inhibitors, often suffer from vaginal dryness, itching, irritation, dyspareunia, and dysuria, collectively known as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). GSM can decrease quality of life and is undertreated by oncologists because of fear of cancer recurrence, specifically when considering treatment with vaginal estrogen therapy because of unknown levels of systemic absorption of estradiol. In this article, we review the available literature for treatment of GSM in patients with breast cancer and survivors, including nonhormonal, vaginal hormonal, and systemic hormonal therapy options. First-line treatment includes nonhormonal therapy with vaginal moisturizers, lubricants, and gels. Although initial studies showed significant improvement in symptoms, the US Food and Drug Administration recently issued a warning against CO2 laser therapy for treatment of GSM until additional studies are conducted. In severe or refractory GSM, after discussing risks and benefits of vaginal hormonal therapy, the low-dose 10-μg estradiol-releasing intravaginal tablet or lower-dose 4 μg estrogen vaginal insert and intravaginal dehydroepiandrosterone (prasterone) are options for treatment, because studies show minimal elevation in serum estradiol levels and significant improvement in symptoms. The decision to offer vaginal estrogen therapy must be individualized and made jointly with the patient and her oncologist.
IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Chong Siao Ting , Tan Khee Ming , Kok Catherine Y L , Guan Shou Ping , Lai Siang Hui , Lim Cindy , Hu Jiancheng , Sturgis Charles , Eng Charis , Lam Paula Y P , Ngeow Joanne
Published: July 2019

Context

The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis.

Results

IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected.

Conclusion

IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
Above and belowground carbon pools are affected by dominant floral species in hyper-arid environments
Authors: Ksiksi Taoufik S. , Trueman Rebecca , Abdelfattah Mahmoud , Mousa Mohamed Taher , Almarzouqi Abdullah Yousif , Barahim Soltan Abdollah
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Carbon (C) pools in desert ecosystems have not been well investigated, especially in relation to quantitative assessment for different compartments. In many ecosystems C uptake may increase, which leads to accelerated C cycling belowground.

Methods: Therefore there is a strong need for C storage in compartments such as phytomass and/or within soils. In the present study we assessed C pools of different soil/vegetation associations as affected by the dominant tree and shrub species.

Results: Mountain valleys had the highest C pool in the phytomass compartment with an average of 3.6 tons per hectare, of which 1.32 tons per hectare were contained aboveground. The introduced Prosopis juliflora had by far the highest average contribution of 3.47 tons of C per hectare. Most of which is in the above ground parts (83.3%) and the remaining is sequestered below ground. Halopeplis perfoliata, however, contributed the least C to the desert systems of the UAE. Some land forms, such as mountain valleys, were shown to sequester more C than others, which constitute a good reason to improve their conditions.

Conclusions: Few shrub/tree species, such as P. juliflora, were also reported to have high potentials as a C pool in the hyper-arid environment of the UAE.
ПРИМEНEНИE ДEНТAЛЬНЫХ ИМПЛAНТAТOВ ИЗ НИКEЛИДA ТИТAНA C ПРOНИЦAEМOЙ ПOРИCТOCТЬЮ В РEAБИЛИТAЦИИ БOЛЬНЫХ C AДEНТИEЙ
Authors: Radkevich Andrey Anatolevich , Podgorny Vasily Yuryevich , Gyunter Viktor Eduardovich , Mamedov Rasim Khaligovich , Chizhov Yury Vasilyevich
Published: July 2019

Цeль. Пoвышeниe эффeктивнocти рeaбилитaции бoльных c oтcут­cтвиeм зубoв путём рaзрaбoтки новых технологий дeнтaльнoй имплaнтaции c иcпoльзoвaниeм мaтeриaлoв c пaмятью фoрмы.Мaтeриaлы и мeтoды. C примeнeниeм дeнтaльных имплaнmaтoв из никeлидa титaнa c прoницaeмoй пoриcmocтью ocущecтвлeнo хирурги­чecкoe и oртoпeдичecкoe лeчeниe 750 бoльных в вoзрacтe oт 15 дo 75 лeт. Мeжду кocтным лoжeм и имплaнmирующими кoнcтрукциями уcтaнaвливaли cвeрхэлacтичный шнурoвoй вязaный ceтчaтый имплaнтaциoнный мaтeриaл в видe чулкa, изгoтoвлeнный из cвeрхэлacтичнoй никeлид-­mитaнoвoй нити тoлщинoй 25–30 мкм.Рeзультaты. У 655 бoльных нaблюдaлocь пeрвичнoe зaживлeниe рaн. В 48 случаях выявлялacь вялoтeкущaя вocпaлитeльнaя рeaкция ткaнeй в прoeкции oднoгo или нecкoльких имплaнтaтoв, чтo пoтрeбoвaлo рeимплaнтaции или изгoтoвлeния oртoпeдичecкoй кoнcтрукции c учeтoм ocтaвшихcя имплaнтaтoв.Зaключeниe. Примeнeниe имплaнтaтoв из никeлидa титaнa c прoницaeмoй пoриcтocтью coглacнo рaзрaбoтaннoй тeхнoлoгии дaeт вoз­мoж­нocть coздaвaть нaдeжную oпoру для нecъeмных oртoпeдичecких кoнcтрукций.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ БОЛЬНЫХ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ В УСЛОВИЯХ КОМОРБИДНОСТИ
Authors: Kozlov Evgeny Vyacheslavovich , Yaskevich Roman Anatolyevich
Published: July 2019

Изучены особенности психологического профиля 65 больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ). Из них у 44 – с коморбидным течением ХОБЛ и артериальной гипертонии (АГ) и у 21 – с изолированно протекающей ХОБЛ. Использовался сокращенный многофакторный опросник личности (СМОЛ). Анализ показал, что что более половины пациентов 1-й и 2-й группы имели признаки выраженной социально-психологической дезадаптации, при этом достоверно чаще встречались у пациентов в условиях коморбидности.
СКОРОСТЬ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ПУЛЬСОВОЙ ВОЛНЫ КАК ФАКТОР РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ В МОЛОДОМ И СРЕДНЕМ ВОЗРАСТЕ
Authors: Kochergina Ksenia Nikolaevna , Yaskevich Roman Anatolyevich , Kasparov Eduard Vilyamovich
Published: July 2019

Представлены результаты изучения эластических свойств артерий у 58 людей молодого возраста и 81 человека среднего возраста обоего пола. Использовались показатели скорости распространения пульсовой волны, а также мoдулей упругoсти сосудов элaстического и мышeчного типа. Анализ показал, что пациенты с артериальной гипертонией 1 степени среднего возраста имели более высокие показатели как в своей группе, так и в сравнении с группой молодого возраста, однако статистически значимой разницы между группами выявлено не было.
ДИНАМИКА СТАНДАРТИЗОВАННЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ СМЕРТНОСТИ НАСЛЕНИЯ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ ПО ОСНОВНЫМ ПРИЧИНАМ СМЕРТИ
Authors: Narkevich Artem Nikolaevich , Mironova Alena Andreevna , Duba Maxim Vladimirovich , Kurbanismailov Renat Badrudinovich
Published: July 2019

В статье представлена динамика стандартизованных показателей смертности населения Красноярского края от основных причин смерти за период с 1999 по 2017 гг. В Красноярском крае за 18 лет произошло снижение как общей смертности населения, так и смертности от основных причин смерти. Однако, следует обратить внимание на отсутствие динамики смертности от злокачественных новообразований и увеличение смертности от болезней органов пищеварения.
The influence of antipsychotic therapy on the cognitive functions of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Tybura Piotr , Mak Monika , Samochowiec Agnieszka , Pełka Wysiecka Justyna , Grzywacz Anna , Grochans Elżbieta , Zareba-Pechmann Liliana , Samochowiec Jerzy
Published: July 2019

Cel

Cele prezentowanego badania obejmowały: 1. porównanie skuteczności trzech leków przeciwpsychotycznych (ziprasidonu, olanzapiny i perazyny) w leczeniu schizofrenii 2. porównanie poprawy funkcji poznawczych pomiędzy grupami chorych leczonymi różnymi lekami.

Metoda

Do badania zrekrutowano 58 pacjentów rasy kaukaskiej z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii paranoidalnej. Diagnozę oparto o kryteria ICD-10, użyto polskiej wersji CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Interview), nasilenie objawów psychopatologicznych oceniano używając PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). W sposób zrandomizowany przydzielono osoby do 3-miesięcznej monoterapii perazyną, olanzapiną lub ziprasidonem. Skuteczność leczenia była mierzona zmianą całkowitego wyniku w PANSS od włączenia leczenia (T0) do końca badania (T1). Ocena pamięci operacyjnej, funkcji wykonawczych została przeprowadzona przy użyciu WCST (The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). Za pomocą testu Wilcoxona oraz Kruskal-Wallis porównywano całkowity wynik w PANSS pomiędzy grupami terapeutycznymi. Do analizy parametrów WCST zastosowano test Kruskal-Wallis celem oceny funkcji poznawczych.

Wyniki

Wszystkie trzy zastosowane leki przeciwpsychotyczne wykazywały podobną redukcję całkowitego wyniku w PANSS. Niektóre parametry WCST badane testem Kruskal-Wallis wykazywały różnice w poszczególnych grupach terapeutycznych.

Wnioski

Rezultaty sugerują, że krótkoterminowa skuteczność leków atypowych (olanzapina i ziprasidon) oraz leku klasycznego (perazyny) nie wykazuje szczególnych różnic. W oparciu o przeprowadzoną analizę, można wyciągnąć wnioski, że badane trzy neuroleptyki podobnie wpływały na poprawę funkcjonowania poznawczego.
The importance of hope in coping with schizophrenia
Authors: Libman-Sokołowska Małgorzata , Nasierowski Tadeusz
Published: July 2019

Nadzieja stanowi istotny wymiar funkcjonowania psychicznego człowieka, źródło siły w egzystencjalnych zmaganiach osób zdrowych i chorych. U pacjentów
z diagnozą schizofrenii nadzieja jest ściśle związana z subiektywnym poczuciem zdrowienia, dlatego jej wzmacnianie stanowi obiecujący cel interwencji terapeutycznych. Z drugiej strony, różnorodność definicji nadziei i różnice metodologiczne pomiędzy poświęconymi jej nielicznymi badaniami naukowymi, utrudniają wyciąganie wniosków, które pozwoliłyby na sformułowanie konkretnych wskazań terapeutycznych, dających się zastosować w praktyce klinicznej. Większość projektów badawczych poświęconych nadziei u osób chorych na schizofrenię koncentruje się na opisie mechanizmów wpływających na poczucie dobrostanu u chorych lub na określeniu zależności pomiędzy nasileniem nadziei a innymi zmiennymi. W niniejszej pracy zostały przedstawione koncepcje nadziei wraz z odpowiadającymi im narzędziami psychometrycznymi oraz wyniki badań dotyczących nadziei u osób z diagnozą schizofrenii, m.in. odnoszących się do związków nadziei z nasileniem objawów psychopatologicznych, procesem zdrowienia i dobrostanem pacjentów. Kontynuowanie badań nad tym zagadnieniem, a przede wszystkim usystematyzowanie dotychczas zgromadzonych danych, może zaowocować korzystnymi dla pacjentów zmianami w procesie leczenia.
Sense of humour in schizophrenia – ability of humour reception and possibilities of its application in therapeutic interventions
Authors: Parnowska Dorota , Braniecka Anna , Radomska Anna
Published: July 2019

Dotychczasowe badania nad poczuciem humoru w schizofrenii koncentrują się wokół dwóch głównych obszarów, którymi są ocena zdolności pacjentów do odczytywania i doceniania komizmu oraz określenie możliwości wykorzystywania go w programach terapeutycznych nakierowanych na poprawę funkcjonowania chorych i zapobiegania nawrotom choroby. Większość płynących z nich wniosków wspiera pogląd o przydatności rozwijania i wzmacniania poczucia humoru w schizofrenii, podkreślając jego korzystny wpływ na jakość życia pacjentów, przede wszystkim w zakresie obniżania poziomu agresji, zmniejszania lęku, poprawy samopoczucia i ogólnej satysfakcji z życia oraz usprawniania funkcjonowania społecznego. Jednocześnie szereg wyników badań wskazuje na występowanie w schizofrenii osłabionej zdolności do odbioru komizmu, która może zmniejszać skuteczność wykorzystujących go oddziaływań terapeutycznych. Kolejne ograniczenie w tym zakresie może stanowić, stwierdzany w doniesieniach empirycznych, wzmożony lęk osób ze schizofrenią przed byciem wyśmianym. Wydaje się zatem, że kierowanie do tej grupy pacjentów humorystycznych interwencji terapeutycznych wymaga szczególnie starannego ich zaplanowania, uwzględniającego jej poznawcze i afektywne ograniczenia w odbiorze komizmu, a także nasilone obawy przed staniem się obiektem złośliwych żartów otoczenia.