bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a Solid Foundation for our Majors with the Introductory Psychology Course
Authors: Hyers Lauri L. , Shivde Geeta
Published: July 2013

To envision the introductory psychology course as a foundational part of the major curriculum, priority should be placed on its relevance to the subsequent coursework in the major and its responsiveness to evolving regional, national, and global standards. In this article the authors describe their own strategy for gathering information from multiple sources to explore the foundational potential of the introductory psychology course taught in their department at a medium-sized public university in the USA. They administered surveys to their psychology faculty and students, considered department characteristics and resources, and reviewed national and international professional standards. They conclude that their strategy may be useful for psychology departments at other institutions interested in considering the role their introductory course plays within the context of their undergraduate major curriculum.
Interdisciplinarity and Undergraduate Psychology Education
Authors: Goodwin-Smith Ian , Pearson Elissa , Ranzijn Rob , Campbell Alan , Lushington Kurt
Published: July 2013

This work identifies the human service sector as an important and growing destination for psychology graduates. It further identifies a number of key themes which flow from that observation and which are important to configuring psychology education in a way which takes account of emerging trends. The major theme identified in the research is the importance of breadth. The theme of the importance of breadth takes two related and repeated forms. The first is that graduates need to be thinkers rather than doers. The second is that employers in the human services stress the need for broad-based thinking and analytical skills to reflect social and contextual awareness of therapeutic situations and human service programmes and interventions. Stakeholders broadly commented that graduates seeking employment in the human service sector need upskilling in terms of a contextual awareness of the ‘real world’. One idea which emerged in this research is that real-world multidisciplinarity is best underpinned by an interdisciplinary approach to teaching and learning.
Significance of Epistemological Beliefs for Teaching and Learning Psychology: A Review
Authors: Green Heather J. , Hood Michelle
Published: July 2013

Beliefs about the nature of knowledge, termed ‘epistemological beliefs’, are relevant to understanding educational strategies of both learners and teachers. Epistemological beliefs arguably have particular relevance in the discipline and profession of psychology, due to an emphasis on integration of knowledge from multiple theoretical perspectives. This article provides an overview of peer-reviewed literature in this area and suggests implications and directions for teaching and learning of psychology, with particular reference to the higher education context.
Paradoxes in Higher Education: Universities Versus Academic Colleges
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Sinuany-Stern Zilla , Iram Yaacov
Published: August 2013

This article deals with paradoxical relationships between Israeli universities and colleges and their effect on the system of higher education. The article analyzes the history of the higher-education discourse, ranging from patronizing and domineering relations to collaboration based on the recognition that Israel's entire system of higher education is headed in the same direction. Dialogue between the different types of academic schools in Israel is examined in light of the historical-organizational evolution of both universities and colleges. Paradoxical relationships are examined in light of the goals of the various schools, distinctive features of their student populations, their curricula, and their organizational structure. The article illuminates one of the most dynamic and paradoxical dialogues in Israel in the past decade and suggests a potential scenario encompassing the impact of this dialogue on Israel's entire system of higher education. The authors believe that the case of Israel can contribute to at least two important discussions in the field of international and comparative education: (1) the influence of local and global forces on education policy; and (2) policy implementation and the connection between policy and practice. Discussion of the case of Israel and the paradigmatic transformation of higher education may shed light on implications for the field of higher education worldwide.
Complex analysis of elaboration of steel–TiC composites by direct metal deposition
Authors: Doubenskaia M. , Smurov I. , Grigoriev S. , Pavlov M.
Published: August 2013

Development of composites with multifunctional properties is a challenging problem that could be solved by laser cladding. Robotic laser cladding with coaxial powder injection is often referred to as direct metal deposition (DMD). The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the advantages of the optical monitoring in optimizing the deposition of carbide-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs). A multiwavelength pyrometer and an infrared camera are applied to analyse high temperature heat and mass transfer in the DMD zone. The influence of the laser power, laser cladding speed, and powder feeding rate on the true temperature is studied. The thermal images of the molten pool obtained by the infrared camera for different TiC contents in the powder blend are analysed as well as the beads geometry, microstructure, and microhardness. It is found that MMC with the low TiC content (2.5 and 5 vol. %) has the highest microhardness (about 550 HV0.1) due to the formation of the supersaturated solid solution of TiC in α-Fe with a strong distortion of the crystal lattice. At the 10 vol. % TiC content, the material microhardness insignificantly exceeds the one of the pure laser-cladded steel (about 280 HV0.1) because of the nonequilibrium eutectic which is composed mainly of the ductile α-phase in the form of a rim around the TiCprim crystals.
Egg Morphometry and Eggshell Quality in Ring-Necked Pheasants Kept in Cages / Budowa jaja i jakość skorupy u bażantów obrożnych utrzymywanych w klatkach
Authors: Nowaczewski Sebastian , Szablewski Tomasz , Cegielska-Radziejewska Renata , Kontecka Helena
Published: August 2013

The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphometry and shell quality of eggs laid by pheasants kept in cages, and also to analyse the dependence between egg shell colour parameters, its quality and morphometric characteristics. Four groups of 15 eggs (60 eggs), each classified according to their eggshell colours, i.e. blue, light brown, dark brown and olive, were examined. The eggs did not differ significantly between each other in their mean weight and olive-coloured eggs had a higher shape index (about 8.91 percentage points) than blue eggs. Blue and light brown coloured eggs had thinner shells than the dark brown eggs (by 33.57 and 27.97 μm, respectively). Blue eggs had the lightest shells (L* = 67.97) and the highest proportion of green colour in their shells since the a* parameter value for blue eggs was negative. A significant positive correlation was observed between the egg shape and the shell colour saturation (C*) and the proportion of yellow colour (b*) in it. In addition, a negative correlation was found between lightness in eggshell colour, its thickness and the egg shape (r = from -0.338* to -0.480**). In comparison with the data obtained from the literature concerning the quality of eggs laid by pheasants kept in aviaries and eggs laid by birds kept in cages, the eggs were described as having similar weights and morphometries along with greater shell thicknesses. Furthermore, our study confirmed that pheasant eggs with blue and light brown colour have poorer shell quality, a fact which has been shown already in earlier research. However, this fact is related to the lightness of the shell pigment rather than its colour.
Evaluation of pollen fertility in pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.)
Authors: Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Kobryń Jolanta , Zieliński Wojciech
Published: August 2013

The influence of the cultivation time (spring-summer and autumn) and the kind of cultivation (on rockwool and peat) on the fertility of pollen coming from three successive trusses were studied for six different pepino clones. The fertility was defined in vitro as the capacity of pollen for germinating. The average capacity of pollen germination ranged in the studied clones from 10 to 15%. These clones displayed the highest pollen fertility in an autumn cultivation, comparing to a spring-summer one. Higher rate of pollen fertility was observed during a springsummer cultivation on first trusses in most of the clones studied. The pollen of all plants grown on rockwool was more fertile, comparing to the cultivation on peat substrate. High differences in pollen fertility of the clones were obtained
Plant age effect on asparagus yielding in terms of carbohydrate balance
Authors: Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Gąsecka Monika , Stachowiak Jerzy , Knaflewski Mikołaj
Published: August 2013

In order to examine the effect of plant age on asparagus yielding, the number and weight of spears were analyzed. The experiment was carried out on 1-, 4- and 7-year-old plants in the aeroponic system with recirculation. The results showed that the spear number and thus also the yield were not plant age dependent, while spear diameter and their weight were. Taking into account both crown weight and the age of plants, a 26% variation in spear diameter and a 27% variation in mean spear weight were explained. Determination of dry weight and carbohydrate contents in storage roots showed these traits to be independent of asparagus plant age, except for total carbohydrate content per plant. During harvest dry weight, % Brix, sucrose, fructan and total carbohydrates contents losses were also recorded.
Macroelement concentration in leaves of chrysanthemums from the Time group grown in spring and summer-autumn seasons
Authors: Breś Włodzimierz , Sztuka Artur
Published: August 2013

Three cultivars of chrysanthemums from the Time group were grown in the spring and summer-autumn seasons in 2003 - 2004. Three nutrient solutions with different nitrogen and potassium contents were applied. Samples of healthy, fully developed leaves were taken for chemical analyses when inflorescence buds appeared, and in the phase of full blooming. The concentration of total N, P, K, Ca and Mg in plant tissue was determined. The nutritional status of plants was very similar in spite of the fact that the plants were grown in different light conditions and different nutrient solutions were used. The paper also contains a proposal of more precise guide values for nitrogen (N 4.35-5.53% d.m.) and for potassium (K 6.36-7.97% d.m.).
Seasonal changes in the nutritional status and yielding of Anthurium cultorum Birdsey. Part II. Microelements
Authors: Kleiber Tomasz , Komosa Andrzej , Krzyszkowska Jolanta , Moliński Krzysztof
Published: August 2013

The experiment was carried out in the years 2002-2004. Its aim was the determination of the tendencies in the microelement nutritional status of the standard cultivars of Anthurium cultorum Birdsey (‘Baron’, ‘Choco’, ‘Midori’, ‘Pistache’, ‘President’, ‘Tropical’ from Anthura B.V.) in the autumn-winter and spring-summer vegetation periods. The plants were cultivated in expanded clay using a drop fertigation system with standard nutrition. A significant influence of the vegetation periods and the light conditions associated with them was found to be exerted on the microelement plant nutrition. In the autumn-winter period, characterized by light deficit, the plant age significantly modified the nutrition (increase or decrease of content with a plant’s aging) with regard to zinc (-23.7%), copper (-25.8%) and boron (+25%), while in the spring-summer period, iron (+12.9%) and copper (-21.7%) nutrition was modified. During the three years of the study, the autumnwinter period showed a significant increase of iron content (+9.8%) with a simultaneous decrease of copper content (-6.5%), in comparison with the springsummer period. The awareness of the cyclical nature of the changes in the nutritional status of plants, depending on the given vegetation season, supplies a valuable instrument in the interpretation of plant analyses for diagnostic purposes.
The evaluation of Pythium oligandrum and chitosan in control of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on potato plants
Authors: Kurzawińska Halina , Mazur Stanisław
Published: August 2013

The studies were carried out both in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The field experiment was conducted during the years 2005-2007 at the Experimental Station in Mydlniki, owned by the Department of Plant Protection at the University of Agriculture in Krakow. The aim of these studies was to determine the effect of tuber dressing and plant spraying with Polyversum (B.A.S. Pythium oligandrum) and Biochikol 020 PC (B.A.S. chitosan) bio-preparations on the top leaves and tubers of ‘Ibis’ potatoes infested by Phytophthora infestans. The chemical preparation Vitavax 2000 FS (B.A.S. karboxin and thiuram) was used. The in vitro evaluation of Polyversum and Biochikol 020 PC bio-preparations on the P. infestans mycelium linear growth was investigated. The above-mentioned preparations were applied at three different concentrations. The experiment was carried out using the Kowalik and Krechniak method (1961). Based on the results it was found that the preparations under examination significantly inhibited top leaf and tuber infestation by Phytophthora infestans. Moreover, according to the results obtained from in vitro tests, a significant effect from the Vitavax 2000 FS and Polyversum preparations and from the highest concentration (2%) of Biochikol 020 PC preparation on the percentage inhibition of P. infestans mycelium linear growth was observed (in comparison to the control).
The effects of different methods of cultivation and plant spacing on the chemical composition of broccoli heads
Authors: Grabowska Aneta , Kunicki Edward , Libik Andrzej
Published: August 2013

The aim of the present experiment was to assess the influence of the method of cultivation and spacing on the market and nutritive quality of ‘Lord F1’ broccoli heads. The experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland, in 2002-2004. The method of broccoli cultivation (direct sowing or transplanting, and spacing: 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm × 67.5 cm) had no clear influence on the dry matter content in the heads. The mean dry matter content in broccoli heads was 9.5%, and reducing sugar was 1.12% of fresh matter. In 2002 and 2004, transplanting resulted in an increase of soluble sugar content as compared to direct sowing. The element content in broccoli was dependent mainly on the vegetation season, but in many cases directly sown plants had more phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. With the increase of spacing in rows the content of some elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) in broccoli heads rose in the first year of the experiment. The mean content of elements found in broccoli heads was as follows (in mg kg-1 of dry matter): phosphorus 6001, potassium 23447, calcium 3696, magnesium 1583, and iron 66.7.
Development of in vitro shoot cultures of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) ‘Senga Sengana’ and ‘Elsanta’ under the influence of high doses of gibberellic acid
Authors: Litwińczuk Wojciech , Okołotkiewicz Ewa , Matyaszek Iwona
Published: August 2013

In this study, the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on strawberry in vitro shoot culture growth and development was investigated. ‘Senga Sengana’ and ‘Elsanta’ clones were grown on the medium recommended by Boxus (1999), supplemented with BA (0.5 mg dm-3), IBA (0.1 mg dm-3), glucose (40.0 g dm-3) and GA3 (0.1 - control, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg dm-3). In general, gibberellic acid improved axillary shoot elongation and reduced the growth of callus as well as the formation of roots and the development of adventitious shoots. GA3 applied at a concentration of 1.0-2.0 mg dm-3 significantly increased the number of axillary shoots (mainly crown shoots), whereas under higher (5.0-10.0 mg dm-3) doses it stimulated the development of runners. It seems that a new method of strawberry micropropagation based on the multiplication of axillary crowns and runners, which could also reduce the risk of domination of in vitro cultures with adventitious shoots, might be elaborated
Quantitative assessment of the morphogenetic efficiency in strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch
Authors: Żebrowska Jadwiga , Dyduch Magdalena
Published: August 2013

A quantitative assessment of the morphogenetic capability of strawberry was performed. In the experiment, three genotypes of strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch. were tested, including two cultivars: ‘Plena’ and ‘Kent’, and one breeding clone no. „394‟. Morphogenetic efficiency was expressed by the mean number of microplants produced by the explant of progeny combinations F1 in two subsequent subcultures. Progeny F1 was obtained after crossings, which were carried out according to Griffing's method 3, with the use of the parental genotypes given above. Quantitative parameters: combining ability and the effect of reciprocal crosses estimated in the progeny F1 allowed to assess the genetic control of the analysed feature. The high positive effect of reciprocal crosses showed that in „Plena‟ the morphogenetic capability is genetically controlled mainly by nuclear genes. On the other hand, aspects of extranuclear inheritance of the analysed trait were observed in ‘Kent’, which proved a weak explant ability of the progeny combination F1 to produce microplants. This resulted in the high negative effect of reciprocal crosses for that cultivar
Prevention of chilling injury in sweet bell pepper stored at 1.5ºC by heat treatments and individual shrink packaging
Authors: Fallik Elazar , Bar-Yosef Avital , Alkalai-Tuvia Sharon , Aharon Zion , Perzelan Yaacov , Ilić Zoran , Lurie Susan
Published: August 2013

The goal of this three-year study was to develop a quarantine-like treatment for two commercial sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars, based on physical treatments and packaging materials, and to understand, in part, the chilling resistance-mode-of-action.

This research has revealed that individual shrink packaging following prestorage-HWRB treatment, significantly reduced chilling injuries and chilling severity, as shown by very low percentage of CI and a very low CI index, while maintaining a good overall quality (less decay incidence and weight loss) after 21 d at 1.5°C plus 3 d at 20°C (sea transport to USA and Japan from Israel + marketing simulation).

The chilling injury reduction is mainly due to a significant water loss reduction by the shrink film, while HWRB treatment contributed mainly to a significant decay reduction, and to some degree of inhibition of chilling development. Cultivar ‘Selika’ was found less susceptible to chilling then cultivar ‘7158’.
Phenolic compounds as the major antioxidants in red cabbage
Authors: Leja Maria , Kamińska Iwona , Kołton Anna
Published: August 2013

In the heads of four red cabbage cultivars and two DH lines (one of red and one of white type), as well as in the standard white cabbage ‘Lennox F1’ cultivar, the contents of phenolic substances (total, phenylpropanoids, flavonols and anthocyanins) were estimated. Antiradical scavenging activity was determined using the DPPH and ABTS methods. The level of phenolics of all the groups, especially that of the anthocyanins, as well as RSA, was much higher in red cabbage in comparison to white. Among red cabbage assays, also a considerable variability of antioxidative parameters was observed. Four-month commercial storage resulted in a significant reduction in phenol compounds in red cabbage, but this was not the case in the white cultivar.

Radical scavenging activity did not significantly change after cold storage, except in 2005/06, when a decrease in RSA measured by the DPPH method was noticed. The values of RSA determined by the ABTS method exceeded those determined by DPPH.
Evaluation of the suitability of Festuca rubra L. and F. nigrescens Lam. ecotypes as a material for lawn grass breeding
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2013

In the years 2004-2006, 37 F. rubra L. ecotypes and 35 F. nigrescens Lam. ecotypes were evaluated for their main lawn traits: the general aspect of the plant, slow re-growth, overwintering, winter greenness, leaf fineness and disease resistance. The lawn properties of the ecotypes were assessed with the use of the IHAR 9-grade scale of the visual quality classification system. The study individuals were compared with the model varieties: F. rubra ‘Areta’ and F. nigrescens ‘Nimba’. The ecotypes originated from natural localities in the Lublin region. The experiment was conducted using the method of randomly chosen blocks in three repetitions. One repetition contained six plants of one ecotype grown at a distance of 75 × 30 cm. The aim of the study was to analyze the variability of lawn traits in the examined F. rubra and F. nigrescens ecotypes and to estimate the suitability of the selected material for the breeding of new lawn varieties. Analyses indicated that most of the ecotypes that grow in natural localities in the Lublin region display high-grade lawn traits. This confirms the great suitability of the wild plants for further breeding. Ecotypes of both species obtained high scores comparable with model varieties for their disease resistance, leaf fineness and winter greenness, and also for general aspect and slow re-growth.
Hibiscus Rhodanthus (Malvaceae) – An Interesting Plant Species In Southeastern Africa
Authors: Medwecka-Kornaś Anna
Published: July 2013

Hibiscus rhodanthus Gürke ex Schinz (Malvaceae) is a small plant with bright red flowers, herbaceous in the aboveground parts and permanently woody in the underground rootstock. It belongs to the ‘geoxylic suffrutices’, a group of pyrophytes. The author had an opportunity to observe H. rhodanthus in Zambia, Southeastern Africa. This paper contains information on the genus Hibiscus L., the morphology of the studied species, and the vegetation and climate of Zambia. Newly ascertained localities of H. rhodanthus are listed, and data on its occurrence on two permanent plots in tall-grass savanna near Lusaka are given. The above-ground parts of H. rhodanthus usually develop soon after burning of vegetation, mainly in the second part of the dry season. Flowers may occur first, then stems and leaves, in full development during the rainy season. The geographic distribution and theories of the origin of ‘geoxylic suffrutices’ are discussed.
Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Hieracium Tomosense (Asteraceae), A Neglected Carpathian Endemic
Authors: Szeląg Zbigniew
Published: July 2013

Hieracium tomosense Simk., a mountain forest species known to date only from the Piatra Mare Mts in the Southern Carpathians, Romania, has been found in other parts of the Southern and Eastern Carpathians. This hybridogenous species of the morphological formula H. transylvanicum > H. murorum was incorrectly included by Zahn and Nyárády into H. transylvanicum Heuff. as a variety, thus sending H. tomosense into oblivion. A distribution map of H. tomosense is presented and its relation to H. praecurrens is discussed. The name H. tomosense is lectotypified by a specimen stored at the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest (BP).
New perspectives on antibacterial drug research
Authors: Ziemska Joanna , Rajnisz Aleksandra , Solecka Jolanta
Published: August 2013

Bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is constantly increasing. Bacteria particularly dangerous for human life are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, there is an incessant need for developing compounds with new modes of action and seeking alternate drug targets. In this review, the authors discuss the current situation of antibacterial medicines and present data on new antibiotic targets. Moreover, alternatives to antibiotics, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides and monoclonal antibodies, are presented. The authors also draw attention to the valuable features of natural sources in developing antibacterial compounds. The need to prevent and control infections as well as the reasonable use of currently available antibiotics is also emphasized.
Alien invasive neophytes of the Southeastern part of the Pannonian Plain
Authors: Anačkov Goran , Rat Milica , Radak Boris , Igić Ružica , Vukov Dragana , Rućando Marko , Krstivojević Mirjana , Radulović Snežana , Cvijanović Dušanka , Milić Dubravka , Panjković Biljana , Szabados Klara , Perić Ranko , Kiš Alen , Stojšić Vida , Boža Pal
Published: August 2013

Floristic diversity in the Pannonian Plain is the result of mosaic habitat composition, characterized by steppes, saline meadows, and lowland forests along major rivers. In the last few centuries, the flora has become enriched by species introduced by human activities, such as colonization and industrialization. Presently it consists of nearly 1800 species. As a result of 30 years of field research as well as herbarium and literature searches, a list of invasive alien neophytes has been compiled and is presented here. The list includes 152 species, classified as either naturalized, casual, or unknown. One of the species is listed in Red Book of Serbian Flora. Eighty species are naturalized, and 61 are casual species. The majority of the introduced flora originates from North America (66) and the Old World (43). Most alien invasive species of the Southeastern part of the Pannonian Plain, were introduced accidentally by seed material or deliberately by nursery saplings. The annual and perennial herbaceous plants, which flower in the summer and summer-autumn periods, are represented in the greatest numbers. The alien flora was further analyzed with respect to taxonomy, life forms, pollination, and seed dispersal mode. The greatest number of alien species appears in anthropogenic and semi-natural habitats (59). In natural habitats, 45 invasive taxa were recorded, representing a conservation threat to biodiversity.
Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to cholecystitis
Authors: Habib K. , Williams G.
Published: August 2013

A literature trawl reveals a substantial number of reports on true visceral aneurysms, including the hepatic artery, but only a handful of cases of visceral pseudoaneurysms. The ones in relation to the biliary tree are associated with previous gall bladder surgery and can result in significant gastrointestinal bleeding. There are more than 10 reported cases of cystic artery pseudoaneurysms but a thorough search revealed only two cases in English (1,2) and perhaps one in Japanese literature of right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to cholecystitis presenting as massive upper gastrointestinal bleed. We present a probable fourth case in a 52 year old woman with classical clinical/biochemical picture, typical radiological appearance and who underwent successful interventional radiological treatment of this condition.
Late onset of pulmonary cement embolism after a regular vertebroplasy. A clinical documentation
Authors: Falkenstern-Ge Roger , Husemann Kim , Kohlhäufl Martin
Published: August 2013

Vertebroplasty is a new minimal-invasive procedure for the treatment of painful vertebral fractures. The risk of a pulmonary embolism ranges from 3.5 to 23% for osteoporotic fractures. However, data about the incidence and treatment strategies of pulmonary cement embolisms (PCE) are limited. We report a case of a patient with symptomatic pulmonary cement embolism after the vertebroplasty. The diagnosis was confirmed by means of CT- scan. In cases of asymptomatic patients with peripheral PCE we recommend no treatment besides clinical follow-up. In our case of symptomatic embolisms, we recommend to proceed according to the guidelines regarding the treatment of thrombotic pulmonary embolisms, which includes initial heparinization and a following 6-month coumarin therapy.
Pulmonary actinomycosis as a rare cause of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a case report
Authors: Kosjerina Zdravko , Kuhajda Ivan , Rosen Yale , Sekulic Slobodan , Ostric Vesna
Published: August 2013

Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor encompasses a heterogeneous spectrum of reactive, infectious, and neoplastic entities. It is composed of spindle-shaped myofibroblastic cells in a background of inflammatory cells and collagen fibres. Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection. It infects the lower respiratory tracts by inhalation or aspiration of oropharyngeal or upper gastrointestinal materials. Only eight cases of pulmonary IMT associated with actinomycosis have been reported in the literature so far. This is the ninth case reported.
Ethical considerations in the use of brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Mikołajewska Emilia , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: August 2013

Nervous system disorders are among the most severe disorders. Significant breakthroughs in contemporary clinical practice may provide brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and neuroprostheses (NPs). The aim of this article is to investigate the extent to which the ethical considerations in the clinical application of brain-computer interfaces and associated threats are being identified. Ethical considerations and implications may significantly influence further development of BCIs and NPs. Moreover, there is significant public interest in supervising this development. Awareness of BCIs’ and NPs’ threats and limitations allow for wise planning and management in further clinical practice, especially in the area of long-term neurorehabilitation and care.
Mobile Exceptionalism?
Authors: Kopper Christopher
Published: August 2013

The development of bus transport in European countries followed distinctly different paths. Unlike in the liberal economic regimes of the U.K. and the Netherlands, the German transport policy in the interwar years was characterized by a high degree of state intervention, of regulation and restrictions on inter-modal competition. The main purpose of the regulatory regime in Germany was to ensure the profitability of the national railroad, whereas the interests of passengers ranked second. Concessions for private inter-urban bus services were severely restricted by the political priorities for the railroad and the bus lines of the Postal Service.
Moralizing Mobility?
Authors: Spahn Andreas
Published: August 2013

There is a tension in any ethical evaluation of mobility. On the one side mobility is linked to elements of progress, cosmopolitism, autonomy, and freedom. On the other side increasing mobility causes worries with regard to safety and sustainability. This essay analyzes a suggested technical solution to the worries about safety and sustainability: the increasing usage of persuasive technologies to change individual behavior. Can and should we moralize mobility technologies by way of persuasion?
Labmovel
Authors: Domschke Gisela , Bambozzi Lucas
Published: August 2013

Labmovel/Mobile Lab is a joint initiative developed in Amsterdam by the Netherlands Media Art Institute (NIMk) and in Brazil by Vivo arte.mov, an International Mobile Media Art Festival, with the support of Telefonica’s Program of Art and Technology (BR) and Th e Mondriaan Foundation (NL). It consists of specially designed street vehicles equipped with features of digital media developed in the cities of Amsterdam and São Paulo. In 2012, artists from both countries submitted residency proposals that integrated the development
of art projects, workshops, and cultural events as the Mobile Labs went on tour in the Netherlands and Brazil.
Unilateral versus bilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Choi Un Yong , Park Jeong Yoon , Kim Kyung Hyun , Kuh Sung Uk , Chin Dong Kyu , Kim Keun Su , Cho Yong Eun
Published: August 2013

Object

Clinical results for unilateral pedicle screw fixation after lumbar interbody fusion have been reported to be as good as those for bilateral instrumentation. However, no studies have directly compared unilateral and bilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation after minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). The purpose of this study was to determine whether unilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is comparable with bilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in 1-segment MIS TLIF.

Methods

This was a prospective randomized study of 53 patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation after MIS TLIF for 1-segment lumbar degenerative disc disease. Twenty-six patients were assigned to a unilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group and 27 patients were assigned to a bilateral percutaneous pedicle screw fixation group. Operative time, blood loss, clinical outcomes (that is, Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] and visual analog scale [VAS] scores), complication rates, and fusion rates were assessed using CT scanning 2 years after surgical treatment.

Results

The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, preoperative diagnosis, and operated level, and they did not differ significantly in the length of follow-up (27.5 [Group 1] vs 28.9 [Group 2] months) or clinical results. Both groups showed substantial improvements in VAS and ODI scores 2 years after surgical treatment. The groups differed significantly in operative time (unilateral 84.2 minutes; bilateral 137.6 minutes), blood loss (unilateral 92.7 ml; bilateral, 232.0 ml), fusion rate (unilateral 84.6%; bilateral 96.3%), and postoperative scoliotic change (unilateral 23.1%; bilateral 3.7%).

Conclusions

Unilateral and bilateral screw fixation after MIS TLIF produced similar clinical results. Although perioperative results were better with unilateral screw fixation, the long-term results were better with bilateral screw fixation, suggesting bilateral screw fixation is a better choice after MIS TLIF.
Comparative Effectiveness Of Neem Extracts And Synthetic Organic Insecticide Against Mustard Aphid
Authors: Biswas GC
Published: July 2013

Effectiveness of different doses of neem extracts and a synthetic organic insecticide against mustard aphid was studied in the experimental farm of the Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during two consecutive years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 for the control of mustard aphid. Eight treatments were evaluated against mustard aphid under field condition. The maximum aphid population was (180 per plant) observed at the pod formation stage of mustard crop. Among the treatments, Malataf (Malathion 57EC) @ 2ml/l significantly reduced the highest aphid population (93.75%) over pretreatment which produced the highest seed yield (1440 kg/ha) of mustard. The neem leaf extracts reduced 63.16-72.55% aphid population in mustard while neem seed extract reduced 73-81% aphid population over pretreated plants in both the years. Among the different doses of neem extracts, the highest aphid population reduction over pretreatment (81%) was recorded from 50g neem seed per litre of water treated plots with high MBCR (3.88) followed by 75g neem seed/l treated plots having reduction of 80% and MBCR 3.78. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 181-187, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15881
Evaluation Of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Genotypes For Seed Yield And Yield Contributing Characters
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Rahman MM , Hossain MM , Karim AJM Sirajul , Khaliq QA
Published: July 2013

Fourteen genotypes of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from diversed sources were evaluated at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the rabi season of 2007 to 2008 to select the promising genotype (s) for higher seed yield. The genotype CS005 took the minimum days for bolting (38.00), while CS003 took the maximum (60.00 days) which developed 50% most early flowers (134.3 days) and the tallest plant (116.10 cm). The maximum number of primary and secondary branches were obtained from CS004 (8.70/plant) and CS001 (15.41/plant), respectively. Umbels/plant ranged from 12.70 (CS010) to 33.37 (CS003), while umbellates/ umbel ranged from 4.75 (CS003) to 6.67 (CS010). The maximum number of seeds were obtained from CS011 (35.63/umbel and 684.3/plant) and the lowest per umbel from CS005 (15.00) and per plant from CS010 (163.3). The highest fruit set was obtained from CS011 (48.20%) followed by that of CS007 (46.30%). The genotype CS002 had the maximum 1000-seed weight (12.00 g) and CS004 the minimum (1.65 g). The genotypes CS011 and CS007 gave the highest seed yield per plant (5.79 and 5.57g) as well as per hectare (1.34 and 1.05 t). The highest germination of seed was recorded in CS003 (84.4%) and the lowest in CS004 (67.96%). The genotypes CS004, CS005, CS010, CS013, and CS014 were attacked with stem gall disease. It might be concluded from the study that the genotypes differed significantly in most of the parameters and offer a good scope of selection of better genotypes for desired traits. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 189-202, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15882
Performance Of Bari Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties In Chittagong Region
Authors: Barua H , Patwary MM Alam , Rahman MH
Published: July 2013

Five mango varieties developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) were evaluated at ARS, Pahartali, Chittagong during January to June 2012 to find out the suitable variety. The earliest flowering as well as harvesting were observed in BARI Aam-1 and the latest in BARI Aam-8. Number of fruits per tree varied from 51 to 117. Maximum number of fruits (117) per tree was obtained from BARI Aam-8, while minimum fruits (51) from BARI Aam-4 (Hybrid). The heaviest fruit (373.0 g) was obtained from BARI Aam-4 (Hybrid), while the lightest fruit (172.6 g) was in BARI Aam-3. Maximum yield per plant was found in BARI Aam-8 (33.59 kg) followed by BARI Aam-4 (19.02 kg), whereas it was lowest in BARI Aam-1(14.42 kg). The highest edible portion (78.66 %) was recorded in BARI Aam-4, while the lowest (65.99%) was obtained from BARI Aam-1. The highest TSS content (21.36%) was recorded in BARI Aam-3, whereas the lowest TSS content (16.51%) was observed in BARI Aam-2. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 203-209, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15883
Performance Of Different Hyv Mustard Varieties With Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) As Intercrop In Farmers Fields
Authors: Islam MN , Rahman MS , Ahmed F , Alom MS , Akhteruzzaman M
Published: July 2013

A field experiment was conducted at farmers field of Kushtia Sadar upazila under Kushtia district during the period from November 2009 to January 2012 to find out suitable mustard varieties for intercropping with sugarcane. Five rapeseed/mustard varieties viz., Improved Tori -7, BARI Sarisha-9, BARI Sarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-14 and BARI Sarisha-15 were intercropped with sugarcane. Results showed that different intercropping combinations significantly influenced yield and yield components of mustard. The mustard variety BARI Sarisha-11 produced the highest seed yield (2199 kg/ha). Mustard varieties in intercropped situation depressed cane yields by 2.79-9.96% compared to sole cane yield. The highest cane equivalent yield (111.28 t/ha) was recorded in sugarcane + mustard var. BARI Sarisha-11 combination. The highest gross return (Tk. 633098/ha), gross margin (Tk. 518078/ha) and benefit cost ratio (5.50) were also obtained from the same combination which was followed by sugarcane + mustard var. BARI Sarisha-14 combination. The results revealed that BARI Sarisha-11 or BARI Sarisha-14 might be grown with sugarcane as intercrop in Kushtia area for getting maximum profit. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 211-217, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15884
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlation And Path Analysis In Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)
Authors: Khan AA , Alam MA , Alam MK , Alam MJ , Sarker ZI
Published: July 2013

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi during the 2009-10 cropping season with the objective of estimating the associations between yield and yield-related traits and to identify direct and indirect effects of characters on grain yield in durum wheat. The result showed significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Significant positive correlation was found for plant height, number of spikes/m2 and 1000-grain weight with grain yield. Heading days and maturity days showed negative correlation with grain yield. Maturity days, number of spikes/m2 and 1000-grain weight had significant positive direct effects on grain yield. Number of grains/spike had also direct positive effect, but in low magnitude. The indirect effect of heading days and plant height on grain yield was found mainly through maturity days and 1000-grain weight. It can be concluded that emphasis should be given on heading days and plant height along with 1000-grain weight, number of spikes/m2 and number of grains/spike for selection of durum wheat genotypes. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 219-225, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15885
Identification Of Factors Influencing Yield Gaps In Mustard, Potato And Rice In Some Selected Areas Of Bangladesh And Strategies To Minimize The Gaps
Authors: Khan ASM Mahabubur Rahman , Anwar Md. Mazharul , Akter Salma , Prodhan Md. Zulfikar Haider , Modal Mohammad H
Published: July 2013

On-farm trials funded by Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF) were conducted at Shibganj(Bogra), Mithapukur (Rangpur), and Ulipur(Kurigram) upazilas to determine and minimize yield gaps in mustard, potato, boro, and T.Aman rice of Mustard/Potato-Boro-T.Aman rice cropping pattern during 2011-12. To conduct the trials, one bigha (1200 sq.m) land was divided into two- where trial plots received the recommended technology and farmers plots (control) traditional technology. The trials were carried out with mustard, boro, and T.Aman rice at Shibganj and potato, boro, and T.Aman at both Mithapukur, and Ulipur locations. Fertilizers were applied according to BARC Fertilizer Guide, 2005 and plant protection measures taken following IPM techniques in trial plots. Traditional practices were followed in farmers plots. Data on yield and yield components were taken and analyzed statistically using paired t-test. Gross return and gross margin were calculated based on production & variable costs and prevailing market price of the produces. The yield of mustard in trial plots was 49.7% (yield gap) higher than that in farmers plots. The yields of potato in trial plots were 37.66% and 33.96% (yield gap) higher over farmers plots at Mithapukur and Ulipur sites, respectively. Likewise, yields of boro rice at Shibganj, Mithapukur and Ulipur in trial plots were 16.67%, 22.03%, and 17.61% (yield gap) higher compared to those of farmers plots. At all three locations, yields of T.Aman in trial plots were also 17.37%, 21%, and 23% (yield gap) higher over farmers plots. In addition, gross return, gross margin, and BCR in trial plots were found higher than those of farmers plots. Results revealed that yield gaps varying from 16.67% to 49.7% exist in boro, T.Aman rice, potato and mustard. The gaps could be attributed to difference in the use of variety and management practices in fertilizers and pests between trial and farmers plots. The yield gaps might be minimized by using HYVs of crops and improved management practices, especially in fertilizers and pests at field level. It is, therefore, necessary to explore the scope to increase the yields of the crops by minimizing yield gaps using improved technologies. The support of extension agencies through demonstrations, field visits and monitoring is essential to minimize the yield gaps. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 227-240, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15886
Fertilizer Management For Wheat Crop In The Himalayan Piedmont Soil
Authors: Hossain ATM Sakhawat , Rahman F , Panaullah GM , Saleque MA
Published: July 2013

An experiment was conducted at the farmers fields in the Himalayan Piedmont soil to evaluate the soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose on wheat crop practicing in the rice  wheat cropping sequence during the Rabi season 2002-2003. Three fertilizer treatments: (i) no fertilizer (control), (ii) local farmers fertilizer management practice (FP) and (iii) soil test based fertilizer dose (STB) were tested in 10 farmers fields. The soils of the test fields were acidic and light textured. Results showed that the control plot produced a mean yield of 1.54 t/ha, which increased to 3.96 t/ha with FP and 4.98 t/ha with STB fertilizer dose. The STB fertilizer dose also increased the nitrogen, P, K and S uptake by wheat. Wheat yield showed a strong linear relationship with N, P, K, and S uptake. Partial factor productivity (PFP) of fertilizer (sum of N, P, K and S) was 25.2 kg/kg in FP and that in STB was 24.6 kg/kg. Slightly lower PFP in STB than that of FP may be attributed to the higher dose of N and K in the former. However, the significant yield increase in STB compared with FP encouraged farmers to practice STB fertilizer application for wheat cultivation. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 241-246, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15887
Effect Of Storage Periods On Postharvest Quality Of Pumpkin
Authors: Rahman MA , Miaruddin M , Khan MHH , Masud MAT , Begum MM
Published: July 2013

The fully matured pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata Poir) of BARI Pumpkin-1 and BARI Pumpkin-2 were harvested from the experimental field of Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh. They were then stored under ambient room conditions (27-31 °C and 75-90% RH) for various periods ranged from 15 days to 120 days. The effect of different storage periods was assessed by evaluating their impact on changes in quality attributes of pumpkins. Results indicated that a slow but steady weight loss occurred in pumpkin with maximum loss of 18 and 21% after 120 days of storage in BARI Pumpkin-1 and BARI Pumpkin-2, respectively. ?-carotene and ascorbic acid contents were decreased throughout the whole storage time, however, they were drastically reduced during first 30 days of storage. Total soluble solids content increased until 45 days of storage followed by a decrease with progress in time. Titratable acidity was slowly decreased and simultaneously pH value was increased throughout the storage period. The results indicated that storage conditions need to be managed carefully to slow down any changes in fresh pumpkin. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 247-255, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15888