bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An alternative model for the comprehension of organizational transformation in emerging economies
Authors: Gallego Carmenza , Calderón Hernández Gregorio
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to comprehend organizational transformation (OT) as a permanent, continuous and iterative system, which integrates large transformations that, in turn, require smaller, additional transformations. For OT implementation, a conceptual model is proposed, called the four orders of OT.

Design/methodology/approach

Case study with a qualitative approach, used critical incident interviews, which were applied to describe both successful and unsuccessful events. Participants were chosen by convenience, and information was processed with Nvivo software.

Findings

The Colombian family holding studied was founded in 1974, and in its 47 years of existence, has implemented important transformations in its three companies. These showcase the four types of OT proposed, although third order support has been applied most often. The events that triggered said transformations are mainly of exogenous character, and broad responsibility was found on both the upper management and work team levels for implementation processes. This was also found for the indicator use and the various planning approaches used, depending upon the transformation type.

Practical implications

Future research is required, so as to refine and validate the conceptual OT model proposed in other types of companies and development contexts. The proposed construct permits company managers to design and more efficiently manage transformations, while satisfying the diverse orders proposed in the theoretical model.

Originality/value

An integrative conceptual model called “the four orders of OT” is proposed and validated in a Colombian family businesses group, which is composed of three companies.
Information asymmetry, time until deal completion and post-M&A performance
Authors: Thompson Ephraim Kwashie , Kim Changki
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to show that information asymmetry plays a vital role in the post-M&A performance-time until deal completion nexus. The findings are that the due diligence hypothesis and the overdue hypothesis proposed and tested in Thompson and Kim (2020) are influenced by the information asymmetry of the target during the negotiation process. Thus, mergers that involve more opaque targets that take a shorter time to close perform better, whereas those that take too long to close experience poor post-M&A performance. Conversely, there is no such effect when the mergers involve targets that are transparent and not plagued with large information asymmetry problems. These results hold for the short-term supporting the evidence that information asymmetry problems are severe before the merger is consummated and become attenuated post-merger.
Crafting scientific papers in business management: a canvas roadmap proposal
Authors: Ferasso Marcos
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to present a tool for helping the mindset organization of graduate students and early career researchers in the process of scientific papers writing. The canvas roadmap is proposed and summarizes the fundamental steps and main features of an academic paper in the business management field.

Design/methodology/approach

The adopted methodological procedures followed action research and focus groups precepts. Validation was applied in longitudinal and transversal procedures, with two early career researchers and with three groups of graduate students from different institutions. The validation procedures allowed the identification of 15 main features that were structured in a canvas format.

Findings

The conception of the canvas roadmap, influenced by the business model canvas, is a tool for easing researchers’ mindset when preparing a manuscript. Each of 15 features are explored according to main identified components along the paper writing process. Advices for early researchers are addressed, and key characteristics are presented. Further readings in academic writing literature are suggested as along with practical tips for developing the manuscript.

Research limitations/implications

Specifically, the canvas roadmap proposal intends to guide Iberoamerican/Latin American scholars to achieve their goals of publishing in top tier journals, relevant to their academic careers, and to improve research outcomes through a structured guidance for crafting scientific papers.

Originality/value

As main contribution and novelty, this paper intends to provide a canvas roadmap by identifying the main sections a scientific paper in the Business Management field must follow, and how to address specific features when writing these sections. This tool was conceived due the Business Management field needs a faster-to-address and easy-to-use tool and that summarizes main features of academic papers.
Corporate social responsibility and corporate reputation: the moderating roles of CEO and state political ideologies
Authors: Xu Le , Zhao Yue , Wang Chen , Ponnapalli Ajay Rama
Published: May 2021

Purpose

While the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate reputation (CR) has been well-established in the prior literature, studies that identify boundary conditions to better understand how CSR matters for CR in the eyes of stakeholders are still limited. Incorporating stakeholder theory with upper echelons theory and institutional theory, this study aims to explore whether and how the CSR-CR relationship is influenced by political ideologies (conservatism vs liberalism) of chief executive officers (CEOs), as well as the states in which firms’ headquarters are located.

Design/methodology/approach

A longitudinal sample of 172 US firms between 2009 and 2014 was collected. Random effects models were used in analyzing the panel data in the study.

Findings

The relationship between CSR and CR is stronger when firms are led by more liberal CEOs or headquartered in more liberal states.

Originality/value

The study highlights the role political ideology plays in improving the effectiveness of the influence of CSR on corporate reputation.
Measures of academy productivity in English championship clubs
Authors: Balassiano Victor , Bullough Steve
Published: May 2021

Purpose

This study quantifies academy productivity within English football clubs that have competed in the second tier (Championship) between 2017 and 2020. Previous research has outlined that clubs situated underneath the top leagues have an important role in the development of elite professional players. This study aims to examine that level of the pathway further in England.

Design/methodology/approach

The utilisation of academy players was conducted with data from 33 eligible clubs, from 2017/2018 to 2019/2020. Two measures of productivity are defined for comparison: “Utilisation” (the total minutes played by academy graduates) and “Starts” (the number of times an academy player started for the first team). To quantify these measures, players and clubs’ indices were also defined through two perspectives: “global” (proportion of all games played from 2017/2018 to 2019/2020) and “local” (proportion of games the player featured only). Nationality and position were also included.

Findings

Headline findings demonstrate large differences between clubs for the type and proportion of playing opportunities created. The data outlines that academy graduates have greater utilisation and starts in cup competitions, particularly the English Football League cup. Clubs in the sample being relegated from the Premier League into the Championship recorded weaker “utilisation” and “starts” compared to those that competed in the lower divisions. Academies are producing and using a greater proportion of defensive players (goalkeepers, defenders, defensive midfielders) compared to more attacking sectors of the pitch.

Originality/value

This offers useful insight for academy managers, allowing comparisons between clubs. It has implications for future strategies around the role of the academy and approaches to generating player opportunity.
What lessons can Africa learn from the social determinants of COVID‐19 spread, to better prepare for the current and future pandemics in the continent?
Authors: Ngepah Nicholas
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the determinants of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Africa, based on the framework of social determinants of health. Applying Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and quantile regressions to panel data and country‐specific socioeconomic background data from 53 African countries, the study finds that enhancing capacity for early testing helps for timeous uncovering of cases, early isolation and contact tracing for effective control of the spread. Other factors such as managing of international movements through reduction of international exposure and ensuring better sanitation and hygiene were found to be relevant in diminishing COVID‐19 spread, whereas alcohol consumption and population density heighten the spread. The work also highlights that stringent measures will be counter‐productive unless they are coupled with measures to create and preserve livelihoods, together with humanitarian relief assistance to the poorest segments of the population. The results are robust to alternative techniques. As policy recommendations, we implore African governments to the promotion of sustainable livelihoods and social safety nets as measures to accompany stringent lockdowns; and good sanitation programmes to become a lifestyle of citizens. Careful attention should be paid to the socioeconomic trade‐off in respect of international travel restrictions given the high dependence of most African economies on tourism.
Breaking the Managerial Silencing of Worker Voice in Platform Capitalism: The Rise of a Food Courier Network
Authors: Kougiannou Nadia K. , Mendonça Pedro
Published: May 2021

This paper examines food couriers’ utilization of voice mechanisms as mobilization against employer silencing within platform capitalism. The concepts of ‘worker silence’ and ‘worker voice’ are used to facilitate an understanding of the way in which workers respond to workplace problems, as well as their capacity to respond within this specific context. Findings illustrate the role of technology as a facilitator but also inhibitor of worker voice. In particular, online food delivery companies’ over‐reliance on algorithmic management and their online app drove couriers to silence. However, in reaction to managerial silencing, we show that couriers are not passive recipients of forces beyond their control, and attempt to explore new trajectories and modes of voice in order to influence their working conditions. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Christ on the Crooked Cross: The Divinity of Jesus in Hitler's Weltanschauung
Authors: Nilsson Mikael
Published: May 2021

This article offers a new look at what Hitler actually thought of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity. It argues that Hitler not only considered Jesus to be an example for every National Socialist, but that he also considered him divine. Previous scholarship has shown that Hitler was a firm believer in God and that he did have a positive view of Jesus even though he expressed only contempt for the Christianity of the established churches. However, the issue of whether Hitler considered Jesus divine has not been satisfactorily answered thus far. Although some scholars claim to have found proof that Hitler did think of Jesus as divine, others have just as emphatically denied that this claim is true. In this article, I will go over the evidence once more and show that, although the critics have been right in questioning the previous claims that Hitler thought that Jesus was God, I will present new evidence that really does show that Hitler did speak of Jesus as divine. This also raises some questions about Hitler's belief in God and what religion he actually considered himself to have adhered to and also presents historians with some important issues to consider when writing the history of Nazi Germany.
Compositional and functional properties of milk and dairy products derived from cows fed pasture or concentrate‐based diets
Authors: Magan Jonathan B. , O′Callaghan Tom F. , Kelly Alan L. , McCarthy Noel A.
Published: May 2021

Worldwide milk production is predominantly founded on indoor, high‐concentrate feeding systems, whereas pasture‐based feeding systems are most common in New Zealand and Ireland but have received greater attention recently in countries utilizing conventional systems. Consumer interest in ‘pasture‐fed’ dairy products has also increased, arising from environmental, ethical, and nutritional concerns. A substantial body of research exists describing the effect of different feeding strategies on the composition of milk, with several recent studies focusing on the comparison of pasture‐ and concentrate‐based feeding regimes. Significant variation is typically observed in the gross composition of milk produced from different supplemental feeds, but various changes in the discrete composition of macromolecular components in milk have also been associated with dietary influence, particularly in relation to the fatty acid profile. Changes in milk composition have also been shown to have implications for milk and dairy product processability, functionality and sensory properties. Methods to determine the traceability of dairy products or verify marketing claims such as ‘pasture‐fed’ have also been established, based on compositional variation due to diet. This review explores the effects of feed types on milk composition and quality, along with the ultimate effect of diet‐induced changes on milk and dairy product functionality, with particular emphasis placed on pasture‐ and concentrate‐based feeding systems.
Migration kinetic of silver from polylactic acid nanocomposite film into acidic food simulant after different high‐pressure food processing
Authors: Zhu Bifen , Fan Chunli , Cheng Chunsheng , Lan Tianqin , Li Lin , Qin Yuyue
Published: May 2021

The migration study of nano‐Ag migration from polylactic acid (PLA) films was studied. Samples treated by high‐pressure food processing (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 MPa pressure) were soaked in acetic acid solution and incubated at 20 °C for 90 days. At the end of storage, nano‐Ag particles (AgNPs) migration from the PLA/AgNPs composite film treated under 200 MPa high pressure was the lowest. However, AgNPs migration was accelerated under 400 MPa high pressure. High‐pressure processing (200 MPa) could cause denser structure and higher crystallinity degree in films than other treatments. Lower amount of AgNPs induced a decline in the intensity of specific characteristic peaks. The diffraction peak intensity of α‐crystal for the film sample treated with 400 MPa was the lowest on day 60. The crystallization index of the PLA matrix changed with different high‐pressure processing. The result indicated that appropriate high‐pressure food processing could effectively suppress AgNPs migration from PLA‐based film while contacting with acidic acid food simulant.

Practical Application

The release of nanoparticles from food packaging material is a very important matter when the migration is concerned with regulatory and toxicity issues. The study described the migration kinetic of AgNPs from PLA nanocomposite film into acidic food simulant after different high‐pressure food processing. The results indicated that the PLA/AgNPs nanocomposite film was safe for acidic food after high‐pressure treatment.
Severe immune‐related hyperthermia followed by immune‐related pneumonitis with PD‐1 inhibitor (sintilimab) in small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Li Yi‐hui , Zhou Yang , Liu Yuan‐yuan , Zhang Guang‐ju , Xiao Lei , Li Na , Qin Hai‐feng , Wang Jian‐gong , Zhang Li
Published: May 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved prominent efficacy in the treatment of numerous cancers, which is the most significant breakthrough in cancer therapy in recent years. However, ICIs are associated with a series of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Pneumonitis is an uncommon but potentially fatal irAE. In the case reported here, a patient with advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) had rapid progression of disease following chemotherapy and received ICIs. The patient experienced severe immune‐related hyperthermia followed by immune‐related pneumonitis. Fortunately, a good clinical response was achieved after the patient received corticosteroids and tocilizumab.
The giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus) and its effects on the survival and growth of willows
Authors: Jones Trevor G. , Min Tun Kyaw , Minor Maria , Clavijo McCormick Andrea
Published: May 2021

The giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus) is an invasive pest that can attain large populations on willows (Salix spp.). This has the potential to have a negative impact on the extensive use of willows for soil conservation, and as a source of pollen and nectar for honey bees in New Zealand.

A willow nursery field trial was established to evaluate the aphid populations, and the survival and growth of young plants of several willow species and hybrids, during two growing seasons from planting.

The willow species and hybrids varied widely in their susceptibility to the aphid, with large aphid populations and plant mortality in the most susceptible willows, and reductions in plant growth in all but aphid‐resistant willows. The effects on the plants were not seen in the first season, but occurred during the second season.

The aphid can be expected to have some negative impacts in New Zealand, with reductions in growth of some willows commonly used for soil conservation, and for pollen and nectar for honey bees.
Estimating Pricing Rigidities in Bilateral Transactions Markets
Authors: Oglend Atle , Asche Frank , Straume Hans‐Martin
Published: May 2021

Many price indices are constructed using bilateral transaction prices. This paper shows how the time series behavior of cross‐sectional price moments can reveal useful information about pricing behavior in bilateral transactions markets. Inference is formalized in a microlevel price determination model that allows for rigid pricing at the level of individual buyer/seller transactions as well as asymmetries in bargaining power. The model is used to estimate pricing rigidities in Norwegian salmon export transactions. Results suggest a high rate of price revisions and an informative salmon price index. The moments suggest price revisions are conducted at fixed time intervals consistent with optimal price revisions under costly information and that price revisions are more likely when transaction prices are below the reference price in the market.
'The Game' that stopped two nations: Development and diplomacy in the case of the 2015 New Zealand All Black's and Manu Samoa rugby test match in Samoa
Authors: Stewart‐Withers Rochelle , Hapeta Jeremy , Greener Bethan
Published: May 2021

This article investigates the impacts of the 2015 New Zealand (NZ) All Black rugby test match with Manu Samoa in Samoa: the ‘Game that stopped two nations’ (henceforth referred to as ‘the Game’). Outlining key concepts as well as events and experiences surrounding the Game, this paper reflects on how the Game aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals as well as NZ's current Pacific Reset Agenda, an agenda which aims to increase understanding, friendship, mutual benefit, collective ambition and sustainability (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2017). A Likert‐styled questionnaire, a 15‐category ranking exercise, semi‐structured interviews, analysis of relevant media and other sources, informal discussions and participant observation help to provide insights into how sport for diplomacy and development functions. The Game was viewed as providing an opportunity for income generation, most participants felt excited to have shared in the experience, and many were hopeful as to what this might mean for future NZ/Samoan relations. However, we argue that, overall, this event represented a missed opportunity. If sport diplomacy events are to authentically contribute to diplomatic and development goals, more needs to be done to create meaningful and enduring engagement.
Surgery start time and early implant failure: A case–control study
Authors: Tattan Mustafa , Puranam Megha , Comnick Carissa , McBrearty Charles , Xie Xian Jin , Caplan Daniel J. , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Elangovan Satheesh
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the influence of surgery start time (SST) and other patient‐ and therapy‐related variables on the risk for early implant failure (EIF) in an academic setting.

Material and Methods

Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 61 patients who had at least one EIF and 140 age‐ and gender‐matched, randomly selected, non‐EIF controls. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify relevant associations between EIF and different variables, such as SST.

Results

Incidence of EIF was not significantly associated with SST (HR: 1.9 for afternoon implant placement, 95% CI: 0.9–3.9; p = .105). Other factors that were associated with a significantly increased risk for EIF in a multivariable model were pre‐placement ridge augmentation (HR: 7.5, 95% CI: 2.2–25.1; p = .001), intra‐operative complications (HR: 5.9, 95% CI: 2.2–16.3; p < .001), simultaneous soft tissue grafting (HR: 5.03, 95% CI: 1.3–19.5; p = .020), simultaneous bone grafting (HR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.8; p = .002), and placement with sedation (HR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.5–7.5; p = .002).

Conclusions

While SST was not associated with the occurrence of EIF in our cohort, other variables, such as ridge augmentation prior to implant placement, simultaneous bone or soft tissue grafting, intra‐operative complications, implant placement with sedation, and number of implants in the oral cavity, were associated with an increased risk for this adverse event.
Comparison of adipophilin and recently introduced PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma immunohistochemistry in the assessment of sebaceous neoplasms: A pilot study
Authors: Donnell Sarah A. , LeBlanc Robert E. , Yan Shaofeng , Parra Ourania , Momtahen Shabnam , Sriharan Aravindhan , Linos Konstantinos
Published: May 2021

Background

We and others have noticed consistent staining of sebaceous glands with PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME). We aimed to determine whether PRAME was as sensitive, specific, and interpretable as adipophilin for distinguishing sebaceous neoplasms (SNs) from other neoplasms.

Methods

Twenty SNs and 32 control cases were stained for PRAME and adipophilin. Extent of staining was scored as follows: 0, no staining; 1, <5% positivity; 2, 5% to 50% positivity; and 3, >50% positivity. Intensity was scored as negative, weak, moderate, or strong. A composite score was determined by adding the scores for extent and intensity.

Results

PRAME had positive composite scores in all 20 SNs in the more differentiated areas, whereas adipophilin had positive composite scores in 19/20 cases. PRAME showed positivity in the basaloid cells in 15/16 cases, whereas adipophilin was positive in 14. Among controls, PRAME and adipophilin had positive composite scores in 3/32 cases and 6/32 cases, respectively.

Conclusions

PRAME and adipophilin are comparable in terms of distribution and intensity for staining sebocytes. In the basaloid cells, PRAME expression is often more diffuse and easier to detect than adipophilin. In comparing the SNs to the controls, PRAME was more sensitive and more specific than adipophilin. PRAME could be used as an additional marker of sebaceous differentiation in everyday practice.
Granuloma annulare – is it a paraneoplastic condition for malignant lymphoma?
Authors: Müller Cornelia Sigrid Lissi , Vogt Thomas
Published: May 2021

In recent years, an association between granuloma annulare and the occurrence of malignant cutaneous lymphomas in the sense of a facultative paraneoplasia has been observed several times. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of the currently available literature on granuloma annulare as well as an analysis of its association with cutaneous lymphomas. Using the example of two patients with granuloma annulare and associated cutaneous lymphomas, we would like to sensitize clinically active dermatologists and dermatopathologists to the possible association between these two diseases.

Characteristic features and clinicopathological signs are discussed, which should raise suspicion of an associated malignant lymphoma. It is recommended to rule out an underlying cutaneous and/or extracutaneous lymphoma in unusual clinical constellations (for instance distribution pattern, subjective complaints, age at first manifestation, lack of response to conventional therapy), especially in the absence of other known clinical triggers of granuloma annulare such as insect bites, trauma or varicella‐zoster infections, among others. However, in individual cases the criteria mentioned here justify lymphoma screening.
Changes in theta and alpha oscillatory signatures of attentional control in older and middle age
Authors: Huizeling Eleanor , Wang Hongfang , Holland Carol , Kessler Klaus
Published: May 2021

Background

Recent behavioural research has reported age‐related changes in the costs of refocusing attention from a temporal (rapid serial visual presentation) to a spatial (visual search) task. Using magnetoencephalography, we have now compared the neural signatures of attention refocusing between three age groups (19–30, 40–49 and 60+ years) and found differences in task‐related modulation and cortical localisation of alpha and theta oscillations. Efficient, faster refocusing in the youngest group compared to both middle age and older groups was reflected in parietal theta effects that were significantly reduced in the older groups. Residual parietal theta activity in older individuals was beneficial to attentional refocusing and could reflect preserved attention mechanisms. Slowed refocusing of attention, especially when a target required consolidation, in the older and middle‐aged adults was accompanied by a posterior theta deficit and increased recruitment of frontal (middle‐aged and older groups) and temporal (older group only) areas, demonstrating a posterior to anterior processing shift. Theta but not alpha modulation correlated with task performance, suggesting that older adults' stronger and more widely distributed alpha power modulation could reflect decreased neural precision or dedifferentiation but requires further investigation. Our results demonstrate that older adults present with different alpha and theta oscillatory signatures during attentional control, reflecting cognitive decline and, potentially, also different cognitive strategies in an attempt to compensate for decline.
Prefrontal corticotropin‐releasing factor neurons impair sustained attention via distal transmitter release
Authors: Hupalo Sofiya , Spencer Robert C. , Berridge Craig W.
Published: May 2021

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports cognitive processes critical for goal‐directed behavior. Although the PFC contains a high density of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) neurons, their role in cognition has been largely unexplored. We recently demonstrated that CRF neurons in the caudal dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) of rats act to impair working memory via activation of local CRF receptors. However, there is heterogeneity in the neural mechanisms that support the diversity of PFC‐dependent cognitive processes. Currently, the degree to which PFC CRF neurons impact other forms of PFC‐dependent cognition is unknown. To address this issue, the current studies examined the effects of chemogenetic manipulations of PFC CRF neurons on sustained attention in male rats. Similar to working memory, activation of caudal dmPFC CRF neurons impaired, while inhibition of these neurons or global CRF receptor antagonism improved, sustained attention. However, unlike working memory, the sustained attention‐impairing effect of PFC CRF neurons was not dependent on local CRF receptors. Moreover, CRF infusion into the caudal dmPFC or other medial PFC subregions had no effect on task performance. Together, these observations demonstrate that while caudal dmPFC CRF neurons impair both working memory and sustained attention, these actions involve distinct neural circuits (local CRF release for working memory and extra‐PFC release for sustained attention). Nonetheless, the procognitive actions of systemically administered CRF antagonists across both tasks are similar to those seen with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder‐related treatments. Thus, CRF antagonists may have potential for use in the treatment of PFC cognitive dysfunction.
Fatigue failures from defects in additive manufactured components: A statistical methodology for the analysis of the experimental results
Authors: Tridello Andrea , Boursier Niutta Carlo , Berto Filippo , Qian Guian , Paolino Davide S.
Published: May 2021

The fatigue response of additive manufactured (AMed) components is generally controlled by the defect population, and the models for assessing the fatigue response of AMed parts have to take into account the distribution of defect size and the intrinsic scatter associated to the fatigue response. In the present paper, a statistical methodology for analyzing the results of tests on AMed specimens failed due to cracks originating from defects is proposed. The procedure involves the estimation of the distribution of the fatigue life, which is considered dependent on the applied stress amplitude and on the defect size. Thereafter, all the experimental failures are shifted at a reference number of cycles to failure or stress amplitude, making it possible to compare data obtained at different stress levels or number of cycles to failure. The proposed method has been successfully validated on literature dataset, proving its effectiveness and general validity.
Environmental drivers of golden tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps) commercial landings and catch‐per‐unit‐effort
Authors: Nesslage Geneviève , Lyubchich Vyacheslav , Nitschke Paul , Williams Erik , Grimes Churchill , Wiedenmann John
Published: May 2021

We explored a range of potential low and high‐frequency environmental drivers of fishery production (landings) and catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) for northern and southern stocks of golden tilefish (Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps), a stenothermic species that prefers a narrow band of habitat along the continental shelf and upper slope of the eastern US. Random forest regression, a machine learning technique, was used to examine the impact of numerous and sometimes correlated environmental covariates. We used important random forest covariates to inform construction of a more parsimonious generalized additive mixed model for each data type and stock. We identified several potential environmental drivers of golden tilefish fishery and stock dynamics, including low‐frequency climate indices, oceanographic currents, and high‐frequency oceanographic conditions. Both Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and North Atlantic Oscillation indices were associated with historical golden tilefish landings for the northern stock spanning 1915–2000 at lags of 7 and 3–4 years, respectively. CPUE for both stocks (north: 1995–2017, south: 1994–2018) was associated with the AMO and oceanographic currents. In addition, northern stock CPUE was negatively related to Labrador Current flow and positively related to northerly position of the Gulf Stream. Southern stock CPUE was associated with seasonal Florida Current transport, monthly sea surface temperatures, and latitude. Oceanographic currents and water temperature primarily influenced within‐year CPUE, indicating a potential effect on adult fish or fisher behavior. In contrast, low‐frequency climate indices were associated with CPUE and landings at lags of 3–7 years, indicating their primary impact was on recruitment strength.
Development and validation of time‐domain 1H‐NMR relaxometry correlation for high‐throughput phenotyping method for lipid contents of lignocellulosic feedstocks
Authors: Maitra Shraddha , Dien Bruce , Long Stephen P. , Singh Vijay
Published: May 2021

The bioenergy crops such as energycane, miscanthus, and sorghum are being genetically modified using state of the art synthetic biotechnology techniques to accumulate energy‐rich molecules such as triacylglycerides (TAGs) in their vegetative cells to enhance their utility for biofuel production. During the initial genetic developmental phase, many hundreds of transgenic phenotypes are produced. The efficiency of the production pipeline requires early and minimally destructive determination of oil content in individuals. Current screening methods require time‐intensive sample preparation and extraction with chemical solvents for each plant tissue. A rapid screen will also be needed for developing industrial extraction as these crops become available. In the present study, we have devised a proton relaxation nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) method for single‐step, non‐invasive, and chemical‐free characterization of in‐situ lipids in untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. The systematic evaluation of NMR relaxation time distribution provided insight into the proton environment associated with the lipids in the biomass. It resolved two distinct lipid‐associated subpopulations of proton nuclei that characterize total in‐situ lipids into bound and free oil based on their “molecular tumbling” rate. The T1T2 correlation spectra also facilitated the resolution of the influence of various pretreatment procedures on the chemical composition of molecular and local 1H population in each sample. Furthermore, we show that hydrothermally pretreated biomass is suitable for direct NMR analysis unlike dilute acid and alkaline pretreated biomass which needs an additional step for neutralization.
Exploring selfie practices and their geographies in the digital society
Authors: Liu Chen
Published: May 2021

Drawing on a practical perspective and a posthuman approach, this article maps the quotidian digital geographies of selfie practices. The empirical analysis of this research is based on a qualitative study that took place in a Chinese city – Guangzhou. The empirical sections of this research investigate the digital geographies of daily selfie practices by focusing on the process of preparing for, taking, editing, and sharing selfies which are facilitated by both non‐human and human agencies. The findings of this article indicate that selfie practices are simultaneous a technology of self and a reflexive performance by which people construct diverse selves in extraordinary scenes and an obsessive way of seeing, consuming, and communicating shaped by wider digital cultures and social norms. More broadly, this article suggests that local contexts still matter in shaping the visual cultures and practices in contemporary digital society.
Effect of individuals' forecast for their children's economic environment and satisfaction with their relationships with children on their mortality
Authors: Moon Jong Youn , Lee Joo‐Young , Kim Jae‐Hyun
Published: May 2021

Aim

The aim of this study is to evaluate if the risk of mortality among the elderly Korean individuals is associated with any of the two intergenerational variables: participants' forecast for their children's economic environment (FCEE) and participants' satisfaction with their relationship with their children (SRC).

Methods

Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) conducted between 2006 and 2016 were examined. In total, 9937 individuals were included at baseline. The FCEE and SRC were measured using an 11‐point Likert scale, which were stratified into four levels: “negative” (0–2), “Moderately negative” (3–5), “moderately positive” (6–8) and “positive” (9, 10).

Results

The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios of all‐cause mortality across different levels of FCEE and SRC while adjusting for other bio‐psycho‐social variables. Post‐hoc subgroup analyses were conducted to examine how potential confounders contribute to the associations found in our study. Multivariate analyses showed that individuals with more negative FCEE were associated with a greater risk of all‐cause mortality. Compared with the “positive” FCEE group, the “negative” group showed a 30.6% increase risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.306, 95% confidence interval = 1.066–1.601, P = 0.010).

Conclusion

The SRC did not exhibit any significant association with the all‐cause mortality per multivariate analyses. More negative FCEE was associated with greater all‐cause mortality. The FCEE, an individual's appraisal of the financial climate of their children's generation, may be considered a novel correlate of the all‐cause mortality in an elderly population. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 568–576.
Groundwater Quality in the Yucatan Peninsula: Insights from Stable Isotope and Metals Analysis
Authors: Arcega‐Cabrera F. , Sickman J. O. , Fargher L. , Herrera‐Silveira J. , Lucero D. , Oceguera‐Vargas I. , Lamas‐Cosío E. , Robledo‐Ardila P. A.
Published: May 2021

High surface water‐groundwater connectivity characterizes watersheds underlain by karsts, increasing contaminant transport risks. However, karsts are highly complex, making research necessary to understand the transport of contaminants from the surface, through the aquifer, to discharge areas. In Yucatan, the lack of waste water treatment raises the risk of groundwater contamination. We monitored stable isotopes (δ18O‐NO3 and δ15N‐NO3), cadmium, and lead to document waste water contamination and transport during the rainy and dry seasons, using water samples collected along the Ring of Cenotes during each season. Specific conductance and pH showed no consistent seasonality, with conductance ranging from 0.5 to 55 mS/cm and pH ranging from 6.6 to 8.6 for most samples. Nitrate concentrations in the cenotes averaged 205 ± 260 μM and no seasonal pattern was observed. Cd and Pb concentrations were 0.1 to 37.9 μg/L and 0.2 to 243.2 μg/L, respectively. Nitrate stable isotope values were 2.6 to 27.2‰ for δ18O and 1.2 to 20.7‰ for δ15N. The statistical relationship between δ15N and δ18O, in dry season samples, indicated that denitrification was occurring. A scale measure for waste water recognition showed: (1) high variability among sites probably related with dry/rainy seasons and/or diverse anthropogenic activities; and (2) specific water quality variables that contribute to contamination at each site during each season. Importantly, our analyses indicate that in the area surrounding the Ring of Cenotes, waste water exhibits spatial and temporal patterns related to complex transport and dilution processes, as is the case in karsts in general.
Patient representatives: Crucial members of health‐care working groups facing an uncertain role and conflicting expectations. A qualitative study
Authors: Hult Anna , Lundgren Ewa , Jangland Eva
Published: May 2021

Background

Patient representatives (PRs) have been involved for decades in health‐care development, and their participation is increasingly sought in health‐care working groups (HCWGs) on every level. However, information on how the role could be further developed and teamwork improved remains sparse.

Objective

To explore the role of patient representatives in clinical practice guideline (CPG) monitoring groups, to describe their contributions and identify possibilities of improvement.

Design

Qualitative design using semi‐structured interviews analysed by content analysis.

Setting and participants

Interviews were conducted with 11 PRs, 13 registered nurses, and 9 physicians, all members of national committees monitoring CPGs for cancer in Sweden.

Results

Most participants considered the PR role important but mentioned several problems. PRs’ contributions were hampered by uncertainties about their role, the low expectations of other group members and their sense that their contributions were often disregarded. Some professionals questioned whether PRs were truly representative and said some topics could not be discussed with PRs present.

Conclusion

This study highlights the fundamental problems that remain to be solved despite the long involvement of PRs in HCWGs. Even though the PR role and teamwork differed between the groups, most PRs need to be empowered to be actively involved in the teamwork and have their engagement and knowledge fully utilized. Enhancing teamwork through clarifying roles and expectations could lead to more inclusive and equal teams able to work more effectively towards the goal of improving health care.

Patient or public contribution

PRs were information givers in data collection.
A qualitative evaluation of coproduction of research: ‘If you do it properly, you will get turbulence’
Authors: Worsley Joanne Deborah , McKeown Mick , Wilson Timothy , Corcoran Rhiannon
Published: May 2021

Background

Patients and public members are increasingly involved across the different stages of the research process. Their involvement is particularly important in the conception and design of applied health research where it enables people with lived experience to influence the aims, content, focus and methods.

Objective

To evaluate the process of coproducing a mental health–related research proposal suitable for funding through a national health research funding body.

Methods

Reflections from members of the public (n = 3) and academic researchers (n = 3) were collected through semi‐structured interviews. Data were thematically analysed.

Results

Thematic analysis identified five overarching themes: valuing the lived experience perspective; matching ambitions to the funded research process; ‘Us and them’: power, relationships and trust; challenges; and benefits of coproduction.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that for successful coproduction of a research funding application, an open and trusting atmosphere, where equal relationships are established and a shared common goal agreed is essential. Although relationships with research professionals were framed by trust and mutual respect for some public advisors, others felt a sense of ‘us and them’. With various tensions played out through interpersonal conflict, difficult conversations and disagreements, coproduction was not a positive experience for all stakeholders involved. Among the learning was that when collaboration of this kind is constrained by time or funding, genuine, impactful coproduction can be more challenging than is generally acknowledged.
Continental flood basalt magmatism contemporaneous with Deccan traps in the Mannar basin, offshore Sri Lanka
Authors: Premarathne Upul , Ranaweera Lalindra V.
Published: May 2021

The Gulf of Mannar and adjoining Cauvery basin to the north between India and Sri Lanka are associated with a failed rift, which initiated during the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous as a precursor to the breakup of East Gondwana. Despite the occurrence of igneous rocks that can be noted in seismic profiles, offshore, and deep seated occurrence of those have lead only to the limited understanding of igneous activity in the Mannar basin. Rock cuttings recovered in the Barracuda exploratory well in the Mannar basin shows approximately 700 m thick basalt rock sequence interlayered with sediments at a depth of 3500–4200 m below mean sea level. Here, we analyzed samples recovered from the Barracuda well for major and trace element composition. Major and trace element data suggest that the basalts were crystallized from two different degrees of partial melts from a similar source. Chondrite normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns indicate that the basalts are similar to continental flood basalt, though they show a distinct Ba positive anomaly. Importantly, supported with previously available K–Ar data, we decipher that these basalts are contemporaneous with the Deccan traps. Rifting between Seychelles and India which had occurred at ~62 Ma approximately 3.5 Ma after the main Deccan eruption is synchronous with the Barracuda volcanism suggesting coeval rifting between Seychelles–India and India–Sri Lanka. Thus, our data suggest simultaneous rifting between Seychelles–India and India–Sri Lanka. Large plate reorganizations that took place during this time period in the Indian Ocean have likely caused consequent passive rifting in the Mannar basin.
Perceived quality of life among oral health therapy and dental students: A cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Mah Enriq Xing Yao , Neo Aaron Shi Kai , Leong Amanda Wei Ting
Published: May 2021

Objectives

This cross‐sectional study examined the perceived quality of life (QOL) of Oral Health Therapy (OHT) students and compared the domain differences between Dental students, gender, and year‐of‐study.

Methods

OHT students from a local polytechnic were invited to participate (IRB no. (SHS‐2019–001). Perceived QOL was assessed with the multidimensional World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL)‐BREF instrument. Demographic information and WHOQOL‐BREF responses were collected electronically. Raw scores were converted to transformed scores and related to data of Dental students from other countries. Statistical analyses were performed with a T‐test, one‐way ANOVA/posthoc Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05).

Results

Of the total cohort of 66 students, 65 consented to participation (98.5% response rate). The study sample (mean age 19.2 ± 2.9 years) comprised of 83.1% females (54/65). Mean domain scores were as follows: Physical health – 54.90 ± 9.78; psychological – 50.98 ± 17.36; social relationships – 60.69 ± 16.47; and environment – 66.80 ± 13.66. The psychological domain was rated the lowest as with most other studies on Dental students. Mean scores for the overall perception of QOL and “satisfaction with health” (SWH) were 3.46 ± 0.83 and 3.35 ± 0.89 respectively. No significant difference in the domain and overall QOL/SWH scores were observed between genders. Psychological and environmental domains scores were significantly different between the first and third‐year students (p ≤ 0.02). Correlations coefficients between the QOL domains ranged from rs = 0.18–0.66.

Conclusion

Aside from the USA and Saudi Arabia, the perceived QOL of Asian OHT students was generally comparable to those of Dental students from other countries. Overall perceived QOL and satisfaction with health were moderately favourable.