bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of ion transport from ionization region to entrance of mass spectrometer in HiPIMS argon/Cr target
Authors: Zgheib J. , Jouan P.-Y. , Rhallabi A.
Published: March 2024

Plasma global kinetic model coupled with the Monte Carlo method is used to study the ion transport in HiPIMS Ar/Cr target. The plasma kinetic global model is developed to study the time evolution of neutral, ion, and electron species created in the ionization region. To analyze the ion temporal spectra at the entrance of the mass spectrometer, a simple model based on the Monte Carlo technique is developed to track the ion trajectories from the ionization region to the mass spectrometer. The ion temporal spectra obtained by the global kinetic model in the ionization region are introduced in the Monte Carlo model as input data. The simulation results reveal a temporal shift of the ion spectra as well as their spreading in comparison with those obtained in the ionization region. Such temporal shapes of the ion spectra are more sensitive to the ion temperatures in the ionization region, and the position of the mass spectrometer is connected to the reactor. A satisfactory agreement between simulated ion temporal spectra and those measured by the mass spectrometer is obtained when we have represented the ion population energies by two Maxwellian distributions, where the first one corresponds to the low temperature and the second to the high temperature.
Ancient DNA and osteological analyses of a unique paleo-archive reveal Early Holocene faunal expansion into the Scandinavian Arctic
Authors: Boilard Aurélie , Walker Samuel J. , Lødøen Trond Klungseth , Henriksen Mona , Takken Beijersbergen Liselotte M. , Star Bastiaan , Robu Marius , Tøssebro Christine , Albrektsen Cornelia Marie , Soleng Yvonne , Aksnes Sverre , Jørgensen Roger , Hufthammer Anne Karin , van Kolfschoten Thijs , Lauritzen Stein-Erik , Boessenkool Sanne
Published: March 2024

Paleo-archives are essential for our understanding of species responses to climate warming, yet such archives are extremely rare in the Arctic. Here, we combine morphological analyses and bulk-bone metabarcoding to investigate a unique chronology of bone deposits sealed in the high-latitude Storsteinhola cave system (68°50′ N 16°22′ E) in Norway. This deposit dates to a period of climate warming from the end of the Late Glacial [~13 thousand calibrated years before the present (ka cal B.P.)] to the Holocene thermal maximum (~5.6 ka cal B.P.). Paleogenetic analyses allow us to exploit the 1000s of morphologically unidentifiable bone fragments resulting in a high-resolution sequence with 40 different taxa, including species not previously found here. Our record reveals borealization in both the marine and terrestrial environments above the Arctic Circle as a naturally recurring phenomenon in past periods of warming, providing fundamental insights into the ecosystem-wide responses that are ongoing today.
Cryo-shocked tumor cells deliver CRISPR-Cas9 for lung cancer regression by synthetic lethality
Authors: Liu Feng , Xin Minhang , Feng Huiheng , Zhang Wentao , Liao Ziyan , Sheng Tao , Wen Ping , Wu Qing , Liang Tingxizi , Shi Jiaqi , Zhou Ruyi , He Kaixin , Gu Zhen , Li Hongjun
Published: March 2024

Although CRISPR-mediated genome editing holds promise for cancer therapy, inadequate tumor targeting and potential off-target side effects hamper its outcomes. In this study, we present a strategy using cryo-shocked lung tumor cells as a CRISPR-Cas9 delivery system for cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (
CDK4
) gene editing, which initiates synthetic lethal in KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By rapidly liquid nitrogen shocking, we effectively eliminate the pathogenicity of tumor cells while preserving their structure and surface receptor activity. This delivery system enables the loaded CRISPR-Cas9 to efficiently target to lung through the capture in pulmonary capillaries and interactions with endothelial cells. In a NSCLC-bearing mouse model, the drug accumulation is increased nearly fourfold in lung, and intratumoral CDK4 expression is substantially down-regulated compared to CRISPR-Cas9 lipofectamine nanoparticles administration. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas9 editing–mediated CDK4 ablation triggers synthetic lethal in KRAS-mutant NSCLC and prolongs the survival of mice.
Tectonic trigger to the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic: The early Cambrian Sinsk event
Authors: Myrow Paul M. , Goodge John W. , Brock Glenn A. , Betts Marissa J. , Park Tae-Yoon S. , Hughes Nigel C. , Gaines Robert R.
Published: March 2024

The Cambrian explosion, one of the most consequential biological revolutions in Earth history, occurred in two phases separated by the Sinsk event, the first major extinction of the Phanerozoic. Trilobite fossil data show that Series 2 strata in the Ross Orogen, Antarctica, and Delamerian Orogen, Australia, record nearly identical and synchronous tectono-sedimentary shifts marking the Sinsk event. These resulted from an abrupt pulse of contractional supracrustal deformation on both continents during the
Pararaia janeae
trilobite Zone. The Sinsk event extinction was triggered by initial Ross/Delamerian supracrustal contraction along the edge of Gondwana, which caused a cascading series of geodynamic, paleoenvironmental, and biotic changes, including (i) loss of shallow marine carbonate habitats along the Gondwanan margin; (ii) tectonic transformation to extensional tectonics within the Gondwanan interior; (iii) extrusion of the Kalkarindji large igneous province; (iv) release of large volumes of volcanic gasses; and (v) rapid climatic change, including incursions of marine anoxic waters and collapse of shallow marine ecosystems.
Are Northern Hemisphere boreal forest fires more sensitive to future aerosol mitigation than to greenhouse gas–driven warming?
Authors: Allen Robert J. , Samset Bjørn H. , Wilcox Laura J. , Fisher Rosie A.
Published: March 2024

Considerable interest exists in understanding how climate change affects wildfire activity. Here, we use the Community Earth System Model version 2 to show that future anthropogenic aerosol mitigation yields larger increases in fire activity in the Northern Hemisphere boreal forests, relative to a base simulation that lacks climate policy and has large increases in greenhouse gases. The enhanced fire response is related to a deeper layer of summertime soil drying, consistent with increased downwelling surface shortwave radiation and enhanced surface evapotranspiration. In contrast, soil column drying is muted under increasing greenhouse gases due to plant physiological responses to increased carbon dioxide and by enhanced melting of soil ice at a depth that increases soil liquid water. Although considerable uncertainty remains in the representation of fire processes in models, our results suggest that boreal forest fires may be more sensitive to future aerosol mitigation than to greenhouse gas–driven warming.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of fosmanogepix IV to oral switch and multiple IV doses in healthy participants
Authors: Hodges Michael R. , Hazel Susan , Kramer William G. , van Hoogdalem Ewoud-Jan , van Marle Sjoerd , Tawadrous Margaret , Jakate Abhijeet
Published: March 2024

Fosmanogepix [FMGX, APX001; active form: manogepix (MGX), APX001A] is a first-in-class, intravenous (IV)/oral antifungal currently being evaluated for invasive fungal disease treatment. Data from two phase 1, placebo-controlled studies [IV–oral switch (study 1) and multiple IV doses (study 2)] evaluating FMGX tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) are presented. Healthy adults (study 1: 18–65 years; study 2: 18–55 years) were eligible (randomized 3:1 to FMGX: placebo). Eleven participants completed study 1. In study 2, 51 participants (48 planned + 3 replacement) were enrolled in six cohorts (8 participants each; 34 completed the study). In study 1, overall MGX systemic exposures were comparable from day 1 to day 42 of dosing; steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved in ≤24 h following two IV loading doses (1,000 mg) and exposures maintained after switching [IV (600 mg) to daily oral doses (800 mg)]. FMGX was safe and well-tolerated. In study 2, FMGX IV doses (loading doses twice daily/maintenance doses once daily; 3-h infusion) of 1,500/900 mg (cohort A), 900/900 mg (cohort B), and 1,000/900 mg (cohort C: with ondansetron) were not well-tolerated; most participants reported nausea and infrequent vomiting. FMGX IV doses of 1,000/750 mg (cohort D), 1,000/850 mg (cohort E), and 1,000/900 mg (cohort F: ondansetron prn) were relatively better tolerated. Steady-state systemic exposures were achieved between days 2 and 4. All cohorts had similar geometric mean (GM) concentrations during maintenance dosing and similar GM PK parameters. Dosing regimen evaluated in study 1 was safe, well-tolerated, and may be used for future clinical evaluations.
Supplemental Material: Evolution of Silurian to Devonian magmatism associated with the Acadian orogenic cycle in eastern and southern Newfoundland Appalachians: Evidence for a three-stage evolution characterized by episodic hinterland- and foreland directed migration of granitoid magmatism
Authors: Wang Chaoyang , Wang Tao , et al.
Published: March 2024

Supplemental Text S1: Analytical methods. Figure S1: Complete cathodoluminescence images of samples. Table S1: Mineral assemblage of samples for the Silurian–Devonian granitoids in eastern and southern Newfoundland. Table S2: Zircon U-Pb dating results for the Silurian–Devonian granitoids in eastern and southern Newfoundland. Table S3: Zircon Hf-O isotope compositions for the Silurian–Devonian granitoids in eastern and southern Newfoundland. Table S4: Whole-rock major- (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) compositions for the Silurian–Devonian granitoids in eastern and southern Newfoundland. Table S5: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotope compositions for the Silurian–Devonian granitoids in eastern and southern Newfoundland.
Ten-year (2009–2019) epidemiological study of head and neck, salivary glands and upper aerodigestive tract cancers, and overall survival outcomes in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Reyes-Chicuellar Nayellin , Thimbleby Kate , Balasubramanya Bhavya , Patel Hemi , Mahendran Suresh
Published: March 2024

Background

Head and neck, salivary glands and aerodigestive tract cancers (HNACs) rank sixth in cancer incidence in Australia, posing significant public health and economic challenges. However, data on HNACs in the Northern Territory (NT) are lacking, crucial for healthcare planning.

Objective

This study aims to analyse HNACs epidemiology, risk factors and survival outcomes in the NT, focusing on Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis (2009–2019) of HNACs cases from the NT Cancer Registry. Ethically approved, the study assessed incidence, mortality, risk factors and survival across ethnic populations.

Results

Of 612 potential cases, 524 were analysed, with 35.5% identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders. Predominantly affecting males (median age: 62 years), HNACs showed an age-standardised incidence of 21.9 per 100 000, with stable trends. The 5-year survival rate was 39.6%, notably lower in Indigenous Australians (25%) and remote areas (18%) vs the national average (68%). Oropharyngeal malignancies were common (36% survival). High-risk behaviours such as alcohol use (73%) and smoking (91%) prevailed. Most patients (73%) presented with advanced disease (stages III–IV), with one-third offered palliative care at diagnosis. P16-negative tumours predominated, with increasing P16-positive cases in non-Indigenous patients.

Conclusion

HNACs survival rates in the NT are significantly lower than the national average, especially among Indigenous Australians and remote residents. Targeted interventions are needed to improve service planning and delivery, considering identified risk factors and cultural sensitivities, and promoting Indigenous participation.
Pancreas-directed AAV8
-hSPINK1
gene therapy safely and effectively protects against pancreatitis in mice
Authors: Wang Yuan-Chen , Mao Xiao-Tong , Sun Chang , Wang Ya-Hui , Zheng Yi-Zhou , Xiong Si-Huai , Liu Mu-Yun , Mao Sheng-Han , Wang Qi-Wen , Ma Guo-Xiu , Wu Di , Li Zhao-Shen , Chen Jian-Min , Zou Wen-Bin , Liao Zhuan
Published: March 2024

Objective

Currently, there is no cure for chronic pancreatitis (CP). Germline loss-of-function variants in
SPINK1
(encoding trypsin inhibitor) are common in patients with CP and are associated with acute attacks and progression of the disease. This preclinical study was conducted to explore the potential of adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8)-mediated overexpression of human
SPINK1
(
hSPINK1
) for pancreatitis therapy in mice.

Design

A capsid-optimised AAV8-mediated
hSPINK1
expression vector (AAV8-
hSPINK1
) to target the pancreas was constructed. Mice were treated with AAV8-
hSPINK1
by intraperitoneal injection. Pancreatic transduction efficiency and safety of AAV8-
hSPINK1
were dynamically evaluated in infected mice. The effectiveness of AAV8-
hSPINK1
on pancreatitis prevention and treatment was studied in three mouse models (caerulein-induced pancreatitis, pancreatic duct ligation and
Spink1
c.194+2T>C mouse models).

Results

The constructed AAV8-
hSPINK1
vector specifically and safely targeted the pancreas, had low organ tropism for the heart, lungs, spleen, liver and kidneys and had a high transduction efficiency (the optimal expression dose was 2×10
11
vg/animal). The expression and efficacy of
hSPINK1
peaked at 4 weeks after injection and remained at significant level for up to at least 8 weeks. In all three mouse models, a single dose of AAV8
-hSPINK1
before disease onset significantly alleviated the severity of pancreatitis, reduced the progression of fibrosis, decreased the levels of apoptosis and autophagy in the pancreas and accelerated the pancreatitis recovery process.

Conclusion

One-time injection of AAV8
-hSPINK1
safely targets the pancreas with high transduction efficiency and effectively ameliorates pancreatitis phenotypes in mice. This approach is promising for the prevention and treatment of CP.
Enabling Intentional Human Engagement with AI
Authors: Anjum Bushra
Published: March 2024

In this interview, Ubiquity's senior editor, Dr. Bushra Anjum, chats with Ming Yin, an assistant professor at Purdue University, about how intentional human interactions can fully realize the potential of AI in augmenting human intelligence. We also discuss Dr. Yin's research to empirically understand how humans engage with AI, computationally model this engagement, and design interventions to improve humans' engagement with AI by both influencing human behavior and adjusting AI designs.
Association of Sevelamer Initiation with Gastrointestinal Bleeding Hospitalization in Individuals Requiring Hemodialysis
Authors: Le Dustin , Crews Deidra C. , Grams Morgan E. , Coresh Josef , Shin Jung-Im
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Case reports have suggested a causative role between sevelamer use and subsequent gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), but no large observational studies have evaluated this association. Methods: Using the United States Renal Data System database from 2015 to 2019, we examined the association between initiation of sevelamer (vs. non-sevelamer containing phosphate binders) and GIB hospitalization as well as all-cause mortality among individuals on hemodialysis. We emulated a target trial using Cox regression models and inverse probability of treatment weights to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) across outcomes and subgroups. Results: Among 21,354 new users of phosphate binders (11,276 sevelamer and 10,078 non-sevelamer) with baseline lab data (calcium, phosphorus, hemoglobin, and albumin), there were 2,811 GIB hospitalizations and 5,920 deaths after a median follow-up of 1.3 years. Compared with the initiation of non-sevelamer binders, sevelamer was not associated with an increased risk of GIB hospitalization (89 vs. 90 events per 1,000 person-years; IPTW-HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91–1.06) or all-cause mortality (220 vs. 224 events per 1,000 person-years; IPTW-HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93–1.03). Subgroup analyses (such as diabetes and anti-coagulation use) were generally consistent, and there was no association between sevelamer dose and GIB hospitalization. Conclusion: Among patients requiring hemodialysis, sevelamer (vs. non-sevelamer) containing phosphate binders was not associated with increased risk of GIB hospitalization.
Comment fabriquer un bel animal d’élevage ? Pratiques, savoirs et politiques de la reproduction des animaux de rente (XVIIe-XIXe siècle)
Authors: Brassart Laurent
Published: March 2024

Cet article s’intéresse au spectaculaire processus de transformation morphologique des animaux de rente qui s’est accompli en Europe occidentale de la fin du XVIIe siècle à la fin du XIXe siècle. Il met en évidence des stratégies, à la fois concurrentes et complémentaires, de transformation anthropique de l’animal d’élevage, mobilisant des acteurs, des institutions, des techniques et des compréhensions différenciées de la reproduction et de l’hérédité, en France et en Angleterre. Si la biopolitique d’État française diffère de la libre entreprise des élites sociales rurales britanniques, les deux paradigmes convergent toutefois dans la production de discours et de pratiques visant à disqualifier les usages paysans en matière d’élevage et de reproduction animale. Pourtant, en dépit de leurs différences et de leurs succès initiaux, ces deux paradigmes zootechniques n’ont pas réussi – à la fin du XIXe siècle – à imposer l’intégralité de leur programme aux paysanneries. Par un surprenant retournement de situation, à la faveur de l’affirmation d’un mouvement de contestation intellectuelle et morale de la zootechnie, les paysanneries, dans leur diversité, opèrent à leur profit une étonnante appropriation synthétique de ces paradigmes reproductifs.
Ми з Вами! (We Are with You!)
Authors: Szpargała Katarzyna
Published: March 2024

Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, millions of Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes. Millions have decided to leave the country and sought safety in other countries, while millions more have been displaced within Ukraine. Poland expressed solidarity with Ukraine and its citizens, both in Ukraine and in Poland. On top of state-level actions, Polish society and foreign communities in Poland came together and organized numerous solidarity actions. The influx of people from Ukraine also started a discussion about the treatment of refugees in Poland and possible changes to the functioning of the state and the society. This article examines the solidarity actions towards Ukrainian refugees, focusing on both symbolic actions and humanitarian and economic aid. It also briefly analyzes possible challenges that might have an impact on future relations.
Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications and Future Directions—A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Yiqiang , Liu Xuan , Li Qin
Published: March 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that is escalating globally and imposing a substantial burden on patients and society. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM and the inadequacy of conventional therapeutic options, plant extracts have garnered significant
attention as natural medicines. These extracts primarily encompass polyphenols, alkaloids, and polysaccharides. This review assesses the efficacy of these plant extracts in preventing and treating T2DM and its complications by collecting and analyzing relevant clinical trials and human studies
to elucidate their mechanisms of action. Additionally, it highlights the role of plant extracts as adjunctive therapies in diabetes management while underscoring their promising applications in clinical practice. However, caution should be exercised due to potential risks associated with the
use of plant extracts; further evaluation regarding their toxicities and interactions is warranted. We anticipate that our comprehensive review will offer improved treatment options for T2DM while inspiring advancements in botanical medicine.
Model Development and Experimental Application on Rewetting Characteristics of Cured Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Chen Jiading , Zheng Yu , Yin Guangting , Zhao Haobin , Yan Rui , Zhang Baolin , Wei Shuo , Wang Tao , Liu Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Accurately predicting the moisture rewetting process of cured tobacco leaves is crucial for maintaining tobacco quality, storage stability, and preventing damage. In this study, a rewetting model for cured tobacco leaves was developed based on the two-component heterogeneity of leaf
blades and main veins. The established model was compared with the model based on one-component homogeneity. The impact of different temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions on the rewetting process of cured tobacco leaves was investigated, and predictions are made for the rewetting
process on sunny and rainy days. In the results, the simulated value by the two-component heterogeneity model exhibited a highly consistent with the corresponding experimental data, with a maximum deviation of less than 9.74%. The rewetting rate increased with increasing temperature and RH,
but the increased temperature also reduced the final moisture content. Compared to 20 °C and 80% RH, the rewetting time at 40 °C and 80% RH was reduced by 80.95%. The rewetting time at 20 °C and 90% RH was reduced by 81.25% compared to that at 20 °C and 70% RH. The rewetting
rate of cured tobacco leaves was higher at night compared to daytime. In addition, the rewetting was faster on rainy days than sunny days. On rainy days (11.4–21.8 °C, 76.5%–95.4% RH), it took 13 h for cured tobacco leaves to reach the target moisture content (16% dry basis,
d.b.) during rewetting, while on sunny days (20.3–29.5 °C, 46.1%–66.5% RH), it took more than 24 h. The findings of this study provided a helpful information for accurately predicting the moisture rewetting process of cured tobacco leaves.
Effect of Mirabilite and Rhubarb in Gynecological Laparoscopy
Authors: Lou Chenyan , Li Fengyue , Ye Hong
Published: March 2024

Recently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing intervention has been proven to have advantages in the nursing of various diseases. Among these interventions, TCM external treatments are commonly employed in TCM nursing intervention. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinical
efficacy of the external application of mirabilite and rhubarb in the perioperative nursing of gynecological laparoscopic surgery. This study included a total of 92 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery from January 2022 to January 2023 as the study objects. They were randomly
assigned into two groups, namely the conventional (Con) group (n = 46) and the TCM group (n = 46). The Con group received routine perioperative nursing care for laparoscopy, while the TCM group received topical application of rhubarb and mirabilite in conjunction with routine
nursing care. We found that the combination of routine nursing and external treatment with mirabilite and rhubarb significantly reduces the ambulation time, gastrointestinal function recovery time, first defecation time, and length of hospital stay for patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic
surgery (P < 0.05). The external application of mirabilite and rhubarb effectively alleviates postoperative pain in patients (P <0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in IL-6 and IL-17 levels after surgery in both groups (P <0.05); However, after
receiving external treatment, patients experienced relief from their inflammatory state to some extent (P <0.05). These findings demonstrate that the perioperative nursing method involving the external application of mirabilite and rhubarb can enhance recovery in patients with gynecological
diseases after laparoscopic surgery.
Insecticidal and Microbial Effect of Essential Oil on Wheat and Chickpea During Storage
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Pandey Punyavrat S. , Thakur Rajeev Ranjan , Sohane Ravindra K. , Helal Mahmoud , Sami Rokayya , Abushal Suzan A. , Kadi Roqayah H. , Bedaiwi Ruqaiah I.
Published: March 2024

In recent years, limited research works has been reported on the use of integrated pest management to control the insect and pests in stored grain. Management of stored grain insects and pests using essential oils either in combination or alone will be of great importance as it is economical
and eco-friendly. Tests were conducted to evaluate the toxicological impact of essential oils on stored product beetles in wheat and chickpea storage, as well as their influence on germination characteristics. The impact of essential oils was assessed for their fumigant toxicity, mortality,
repellent properties, and effects on germination against storage pests such as Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Collasobruchus chinensis in wheat and chickpea. During the fumigant toxicity test the selected essential oils either alone at 0.4 percent
or in combination at 0.2 percent each were highly effective against Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Collasobruchus chinensis. All the essential oils at 0.4% concentration demonstrated complete mortality within twenty-four hours of treatment against Sitophilus
oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Collasobruchus chinensis, compared to untreated samples. The evaluated essential oils exhibit the greatest repellent activity against Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Collasobruchus chinensis.
Whether applied individually at a concentration of 0.4% or in combinations at 0.2%, they show no impact on the percentage of germination, vigour index, and viability significance after eight and ten months of storing wheat, respectively.
Mechanism of Saikosaponin D on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Zheng Lina , Ye Suqin , Zhang Bin , Hong Yan , Huang Hui
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the mechanism of saikosaponin D on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aspiration pneumonia in neonatal rats. Inhalation lung injury model was constructed and rats were assigned into control group, model group, saikosaponin D (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) group and dexamethasone
2 mg/kg group (positive control group). The dry and wet mass ratio of lung tissue was measured by wet and dry method. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. HMGB1, TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65
protein expressions were detected by Western blot. Compared with control group, model group had significantly higher wet and dry mass ratio of lung tissue, lower SOD and GSH contents, higher MDA content, higher IL-6/IL-1β/TNF-α levels, higher HMGB1 and TLR4 levels
and higher p-NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65 ratio (P <0.05). Compared with model group, dry and wet mass ratios of lungs in saikosaponin D groups and dexamethasone group were reduced, SOD and GSH contents were increased, and MDA contents were reduced. Meanwhile, IL-6/IL-1β/TNF-α
levels were reduced and HMGB1 and TLR4 levels and p-NF-κB p65 ratio were reduced (P < 0.05). In conclusion, saikosaponin D inhibited release of inflammatory factors, improved oxidative stress and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced inhalational lung injury.
Expression of miR-93 and Glucose Transporter Type 4 Mediated by Ginkgolide in Peripheral Blood with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Yuan Jie , Qiao Yuqi , Lin Yanru
Published: March 2024

Decreased Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression leads to abnormal glucose regulation. miR-93 regulates GLUT4 expression and studies have shown that, ginkgolide mediates miR-93 and GLUT4 in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). 50 patients with PCOS and 50 healthy women were recruited.
RT-qPCR detected miR-93 and GLUT4 expression. Luteinizing hormone (LH) (11.84 ± 4.08), T (76.87±30.24), FINs (20.06±11.37) and HOMA-IR (3.75±1.04) in the PCOS group was higher than control group (7.42±3.63, 43.58±13.9, 8.74±4.62, 1.55±0.39)
(P < 0.05). miR-93 expression in peripheral blood of PCOS group was significantly elevated, while GLUT4 mRNA expression was reduced (P < 0.05). miR-93 negatively correlated with GLUT4. miR-93 in insulin resistance (IR) group was higher than non-IR group, while GLUT4 was
lower (P<0.05). miR-93 positively correlated with T (r=0.374, P =0.019), FINs (r=0.322, P =0.026) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.507, P = 0.005), while GLUT4 had a negative correlation. miR-93 and GLUT4 are abnormally expressed in PCOS, which is related to complications such as IR and
endocrine metabolism.
Comprehensive Analysis of Miscanthus Research: Sustainable Biomass and Bioenergy Through Knowledge Mapping
Authors: Tan Tian-Su
Published: March 2024

Miscanthus grass species have gained global research attention in the fields of biomass and bioenergy, witnessing remarkable advancements in the 21st century. This study systematically searched and selected relevant literature on primary research involving Miscanthus species,
published between 2007 and 2023, from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science core databases. Utilizing CiteSpace as a bibliometric tool, the study generated quantitative statistics and performed data analysis on the selected articles. The examination covered publication
trends, national and author publication outputs, author and journal co-citations, keyword research hotspots, and the temporal evolution of research topics in the Miscanthus research field, offering empirical support for future in-depth investigations and innovation in Miscanthus
spp. The research findings reveal the following insights: (1) Publication trends can be divided into two phases (stable growth and fluctuating decline), with recent trends maintaining a relatively high level. (2) A collaborative publication network, led by core authors such as Zili Yi, John
Clifton-Brown, and Iris Lewandowski, has been established, characterized by a diverse research focus and close cooperation. (3) Research hotspots encompass several aspects, including biomass production yield, efficiency, and energy products of Miscanthus spp., ecological restoration,
genetics, plant physiological research, and chemical components. The primary species investigated are Miscanthus×giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus floridulus, and Miscanthus lutarioriparius.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polyurethane Using Lignin, Dopamine and Zn2+ and Its Effects on Paper Properties
Authors: Cai Xin , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Yujun , Xia Nannan , Xu Xintong , Zhang Fengshan , Wang Jianmin , Wu Qin
Published: March 2024

A novel water-soluble polyurethane copolymer (i.e., LnBPU-[Zn(DOPA)2]) was synthesized through a route mainly using a prepolymer (i.e., BPU), lignin, dopamine and Zn2+ as the raw materials by cross-linking copolymerization. The optimal reaction conditions are as
follows: m(Lignin):m(BPU) is 1:4, time is 4 h and temperature is 70 °C. The prepared LnBPU-[Zn(DOPA)2] was turned out to improve the strength, resistance to water, oil and Escherichia coli of fibre when it was evenly coated on the paper
with a dose of 15 g/m2. SEM & EDS, FT-IR, GPC confirmed that the crosslinking copolymerization was enhanced by dopamine and Zn2+, which can give the polyurethane copolymer better strength and water and oil resistance. This study provided an efficient and green approach
for preparing lignin-based polyurethane, and contributes to the application of paper in more fields such as food or medical packaging.
Artificial Trends or Real Changes? Investigating Precipitation Records in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Authors: Champagne Olivier , Zolina Olga , Dedieu Jean-Pierre , Wolff Mareile , Jacobi Hans-Werner
Published: March 2024

The Svalbard archipelago, in the Atlantic–Arctic region, has been affected by a strong increase in precipitation in the last decades, with major potential impacts for the cryosphere, biogeochemical cycles, and the ecosystems. Ny-Ålesund (79°N), in the northwest part of Svalbard, hosts invaluable meteorological records widely used by many researchers. Among the observed parameters, the amount of precipitation is subject to large biases, mainly due to the well-known precipitation gauges undercatch during windy conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the observed trend of precipitation in Ny-Ålesund in the 1975–2022 period was real and how it was impacted by the gauge undercatch. We applied several correction factors developed in the last decades, based on local wind speed and temperature. We forced these corrections with 12-hourly precipitation data from the Ny-Ålesund weather station. Taking the period 1975–2022, the trend of precipitation increased from 3.8 mm yr−1 in the observations to 4.5 mm yr−1 (±0.2) after the corrections, mainly due to enhanced snowfall in November–January months. Taking the most recent 40-yr period (1983–2022), the amount of precipitation still increased by 3.8 mm yr−1 in the observations, but only by 2.6 mm yr−1 (±0.5) after the corrections. The recent observed trend of precipitation stays large due to an increase of wet snowfall and rainfall that are measured more efficiently by the precipitation gauge. This result shows the need of applying correction factors when using precipitation gauge data, especially in regions exhibiting large interannual changes of weather conditions.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to investigate if the observed trend of precipitation in Ny-Ålesund in the 1975–2022 period was real and how it was impacted by the gauge undercatch. The results show that the observed trend of precipitation was overestimated when calculated in the most recent 40-yr period (1983–2022). This overestimation was large due to an increase with time of wet snowfall and rainfall that were measured more efficiently by the precipitation gauge. This result shows the need of applying corrections factors when using precipitation gauge data, especially in regions exhibiting large interannual changes of weather conditions.
Silence Is Not Always Golden: Exploring the Impact of Leader Intervention Against Racial Microaggressions Against Asian Americans
Authors: Kim Jennifer Y. , Kim Regina , Block Caryn J.
Published: March 2024

The racialization of COVID-19 as an Asian virus has been linked to growing reports of racial harassment and violence targeting Asian Americans. We examine one such manifestation of racial harassment against Asians in the form of workplace microaggressions, such as a coworker referring to the virus as the “Chinese virus” and the negative impact that these forms of racial microaggressions can have on those who witness them. We also examine the influence of a leader who intervenes versus a leader who stays silent when a microaggression occurs, highlighting the positive impact of leaders who condemn microaggressions while underscoring the negative impact of leaders who stay silent. We found that, among those who witness microaggressions, Asian Americans were more likely to ruminate and report negative perceptions of the aggressor than Whites. We also found that leader intervention improved perceptions of leader effectiveness and that leader trust mediated this process, especially among Asian Americans. Additionally, we found that leader intervention decreased turnover intentions.
The Role of Misrecognition in Driving Support for Right-Wing Populism
Authors: Elad-Strenger Julia , Kessler Thomas
Published: March 2024

Recent research suggests that citizens’ sense of being socially marginalized, or “left behind” in society, plays an important role in triggering support for right-wing populist attitudes. Although perceived misrecognition by others is thought to be a core aspect of this sense of social marginalization, the effect of (mis)recognition on citizens’ support for the populist-right, and the psychological mechanism underlying this effect, has thus far not been directly examined. Inspired by the social identity tradition, we conceptualize the establishment of subjective superiority over the elites on the one hand, and over national minorities on the other, as an identity management strategy in the face of social identity threat, triggered by perceived misrecognition by the elites. Across three studies conducted in Germany, we provide cross-sectional and experimental support for a causal model in which misrecognition, which is directed at people as “nationals” rather than as individuals, triggers contempt toward the elites and rejection of national minorities, via the perception that one’s belongingness to the nation, as a valued member thereof, is threatened (“social identity threat”). Our findings suggest that support for attitudes associated with the populist right may help citizens re-establish their valued identity as full members of the nation, in the face of those who allegedly deny or disregard it.
Trends of Self-Inflicted Firearm Injuries at a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Burns Aliya G. , Rasarmos Alex P. , Leonard Matthew A. , Collins Hannah W. , Burns J. Bracken
Published: March 2024

Firearm injuries are a major public health concern with much focus on injuries due to violent crimes in urban areas. Less focus has been on self-inflicted injuries and rural settings. This study included 201 patients, of which 124 (61.7%) were accidental and 77 (38.3%) were intentional self-inflicted gunshot wounds (GSWs) sustained over 6 years at a rural level 1 trauma center. Injury severity scores ( P < .001), hospital days ( P < .001), and mortality ( P < .001) were significantly higher among intentional self-inflicted GSWs. Injuries to the head were the most common injury among patients with intentional self-inflicted GSWs ( P < .001).

Accidental and intentional self-inflicted GSWs make up a large portion of firearm injuries seen at our rural level 1 trauma center, and defining these injuries can facilitate the need for targeted gun safety and injury prevention efforts.
Utilizing Video-Assisted Retroperitoneal Debridement for Retroperitoneal Abscess Following Penetrating Trauma
Authors: McCluskey Brian B. , Nonnemacher Cory J. , Ashley Dennis W. , Ponce Rafael T.
Published: March 2024

Retroperitoneal abscess as a sequela of penetrating trauma can pose a difficult clinical scenario for surgeons and literature to inform decision making is sparse. It is logical to follow a “step-up” approach applied to other etiologies of infected retroperitoneal fluid collections, such as infected pancreatic necrosis and perinephric abscess. Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement (VARD) is a well-established approach in infected pancreatic necrosis when surgical debridement is warranted. Minimally invasive retroperitoneal approaches have emerged in a broadening range of etiologies and specialties. We describe our experience utilizing VARDs in two patients that developed retroperitoneal abscesses following gunshot injuries to bowel and proximal urinary system. Both failed a conservative approach including antibiotic and percutaneous drains. Rapid improvement and subsequent discharge were observed within days of VARD procedure. We believe VARD to be a viable approach to post-trauma retroperitoneal abscesses when surgical drainage is indicated, and anatomy is favorable.
The Integrated Prediction of Clinical and Pathological Factors on the Prognosis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Li Song , Xia Adong , Xing Yuelong , Liang Wenbo
Published: March 2024

Objective

The primary objective was to construct a high-performing prognostic risk model to accurately forecast the prognosis of patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA).

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical data from the MSK database on 125 patients diagnosed with iCCA. Random sampling was utilized to divide patients into a training set and a validation set, maintaining a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to identify independent prognostic factors influencing OS. Based on these independent factors, a model nomogram was established. The performance of the prognostic prediction models was assessed through calibration curves and C-index calculations. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves. Time-dependent ROC curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of the model.

Results

A nomogram was developed, incorporating hepatitis C, CA19, tumor extent, tumor size, LVI, positive lymph nodes, and TMB as predictive factors. The C-index for the training set was .78 and the validation set was .68. Using the riskscore derived from the nomogram, patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups. The high-risk group exhibited considerably lower OS and RFS compared to the low-risk group in the training set ( P < .05). However, no significant difference was detected in RFS among different risk groups in the validation set ( P > .05). The AUC for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival was .89, .69, and .69, respectively.

Conclusion

We successfully developed and validated a prognostic nomogram for iCCA, demonstrating its excellent accuracy in predicting patient outcomes and providing clinicians with a potential prognostic tool.
Edward Corsi's La Settimana: Italianità as a guiding principle of progress in a new land
Authors: Pietralunga Mark
Published: March 2024

This article explores how the Italian American bilingual weekly La Settimana, which ran from December 1935 to November 1937, represented an excellent platform not only to promote the extraordinary achievements of Italians in America, but also to educate its wide readership about the need to be more united, more focused in their aims, and more respectful and understanding of the values of culture. This article examines the weekly in light of the belief advocated by its founder, Edward Corsi, that the Italian American communities needed a much higher quality of journalism that reflected and followed the progress of the Italians in America, particularly those of the second and third generations, and to stimulate their interest in American life and its institutions, while stressing the importance of their Italian heritage and language. The essay also addresses La Settimana's benevolent attitude toward Mussolini and his leadership within the context of the weekly's promotion of italianità.
Stage-based Non-price Determinants of Fuel Choice and Its Consumption Decision of Households in Rural India
Authors: Daripa Sanchita , Dinda Soumyananda
Published: March 2024

This article investigates non-price determinants of fuel choice and consumption decision of households in rural India. Fuel consumption varies at household levels from traditional fuels like firewood and chips to modern fuels such as LPG. Fuel consumption is based on two-stage decisions: (a) whether households participate or not; and (b) how much they consume if they participate. Significant factors might be different in the first stage and the second stage due to certain socio-economic or non-price factors. Applying Cragg’s double hurdle model on NSSO data, this article finds determinants of fuel choice and its consumption at the household level in rural India. Empirical findings indicate that income significantly determines quantity consumption, not choice decision. The role of assets in determining fuel choice and quantity decision is also considered through a comparative study including and excluding landholding, a major asset in rural India. Bottom and top quintile results suggest that advancement of the economic position of the households changes their attitude towards dirty fuel selection and consumption. Firewood fuel consumption decreases with the rising education level of the household head, especially women-headed households. Increased awareness through education and removing social barriers might help to reduce dirty fuel consumption, and India might move towards Sustainable Development Goal.

JEL Codes: C20, C13, C34, O13, Q23, Q40, Q56
Book review: Nilmadhab Mohanty, Political Economy of Mining in India
Authors: Shandilya Shivendra
Published: March 2024

Nilmadhab Mohanty, Political Economy of Mining in India. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications Pvt Ltd, 2017, 240 pp., ₹695 (Hardcover).
Book review: S. Narayan, The Dravidian Years: Politics and Welfare in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Thiruppathi P.
Published: March 2024

S. Narayan, The Dravidian Years: Politics and Welfare in Tamil Nadu. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2018, 262 pp., ₹550 (Hardcopy).
Self-healing potential of stitched glass/polypropylene/epoxy hybrid composites with various fibers
Authors: Kaya Gaye , Selver Erdem
Published: March 2024

This study compares the impact damage response and self-healing potential of unstitched and stitched glass/polypropylene (PP) fiber reinforced thermoset composite structures. The novelty of this study is weaving preforms with an intra-ply hybridization of glass and thermoplastic PP fibers and stitching these preforms with a unique stitching pattern by considering the effect of stitching fiber types (PP, Kevlar®, Dyneema®, carbon and silk) on impact damage response and self-healing potential of composites. The mechanical properties of the stitching fiber influenced the composite’s behavior against impact and compressive loads. The unstitched composite deflected more than stitched composites under the same impact energy levels due to delaying of delamination via stitching process. The stitching process reduced the damage areas of composites subjected to 30 J and 60 J impact energies by 57 and 86%, respectively. Structural healing significantly decreased the damaged areas of both unstitched and stitched composite structures up to 87%, while it was more effective on stitched composites. The polypropylene melted and accumulated along the path of the stitch pattern, regardless of whether the stitching fiber was thermoplastic. Due to the reduced impacted area, compression after impact (CAI) strength retention of the stitched composite materials increased by up to 94%.
Must Refugees Be Grateful?
Authors: Buxton Rebecca , Gibney Matthew J.
Published: March 2024

The idea that refugees should be grateful is pervasive in popular culture and is also evident in political theory, most notably in discussing whether refugees have an obligation to obey the law in their state of asylum. We examine the normative argument that refugees have a duty to be grateful to their host society, arguing that when the workings of the system of refugee protection are examined, it becomes clear that no such duty exists. Our main concern is that state-imposed barriers and hardships that refugees must endure to access asylum undermine any gratitude to the asylum state. Indeed, if any gratitude duties are owed by refugees, it is to those social actors who help them evade state restrictions. We conclude by suggesting that, once we take account of those features, resentment rather than gratitude often seems a more apt response by refugees to their asylum state.