bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Choosing Wisely® Campaign Recommendations for Hospitalized Children on Clinical Practice: Trends from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Reyes Mario A , Etinger Veronica , Hall Matt , Salyakina Daria , Wang Weize , Garcia Luan , Quinonez Ricardo
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

The Choosing Wisely® Campaign (CWC) was launched in 2012. Five recommendations to reduce the use of “low‐value” services in hospitalized children were published in 2013.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency and trends of utilization of these services in tertiary children's hospitals five years before and after the publication of the recommendations.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal analysis of hospitalizations to 36 children's hospitals from 2008 to 2017. The “low‐value” services included (1) chest radiograph (CXR) for asthma, (2) CXR for bronchiolitis, (3) relievers for bronchiolitis, (4) systemic steroids for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and (5) acid suppressor therapy for uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux (GER). We estimated the annual percentages of the use of these services after risk adjustment, followed by an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to compare trends before and after the publication of the recommendations.

RESULTS

The absolute decreases in utilization were 36.6% in relievers and 31.5% in CXR for bronchiolitis, 24.1% in acid suppressors for GER, 20.8% in CXR for asthma, and 2.9% in steroids for LRTI. Trend analysis showed that one “low‐value” service declined significantly immediately (use of CXR for asthma), and another decreased significantly over time (relievers for bronchiolitis) after the CWC.

CONCLUSIONS

There was some decrease in the utilization of “low‐value” services from 2008 to 2017. Limited changes in trends occurred after the publication of the recommendations. These findings suggest a limited impact of the CWC on clinical practice in these areas. Additional interventions are required for a more effective dissemination of the CWC recommendations for hospitalized children.
Open Problem—Iterative Schemes for Stochastic Optimization: Convergence Statements and Limit Theorems
Authors: Jalilzadeh Afrooz , Lei Jinlong , Shanbhag Uday V.
Published: September 2019

Central limit theorems represent among the most celebrated of limit theorems in probability theory ( Lindeberg 1922 , Feller 1945 ). It may be recalled that the sum of n independent and identically distributed zero mean square integrable random variables grows at the rate of [Formula: see text]. Consequently, by dividing this sum by [Formula: see text], we expect its law to possibly approach a limit. This intuition is formalized by the central limit theorem (CLT; Chow and Teicher 2012 , chapter 9), and in fact, this limit is the normal distribution. Our interest lies in developing limiting statements for estimators to the following stochastic optimization problem:[Formula: see text]where f(x) is a strongly convex function on [Formula: see text], F : [Formula: see text] × [Formula: see text] → [Formula: see text] is a real-valued function, [Formula: see text] : Ω → [Formula: see text], and (Ω,[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]) denotes the associated probability space.
Open Problem—M/G/1 Scheduling with Preemption Delays
Authors: Scully Ziv
Published: September 2019

The problem of preemptively scheduling jobs in the M/G/1 queue to minimize mean response time is a classic problem in computer systems. Typically, one assumes that the time it takes to preempt a job is negligible, in which case the shortest remaining processing time (SRPT) policy is optimal when job sizes are known ( Schrage 1968 ), and the Gittins index (GI) policy is optimal when job sizes are unknown ( von Olivier 1972 , Gittins et al. 2011 ).
Contrarreforma, ensino superior público e Serviço Social: quais impactos na formação?
Authors: Pereira Larissa Dahmer
Published: September 2019

O artigo problematiza os impactos da expansão do ensino superior público na formação em Serviço Social durante os anos 2000, em tempos de contrarreforma do Estado. Foram aplicados questionários junto às coordenações dos cursos criados entre os anos de 1930 e 2002, com o objetivo de identificar as consequências do processo expansivo, por meio do Reuni, durante os governos Lula. Coletamos dados relativos a aspectos da formação profissional, tais como a relação pesquisa, ensino e extensão; a relação da unidade formativa com o projeto de formação da Abepss; a relação entre quantitativo de discentes e docentes; a titulação do corpo docente; as condições de trabalho quanto à estrutura física; e os limites e desafios para uma formação de qualidade. Como resultados, apreendeu-se que a maior parte dos cursos não aderiu ao Reuni, mas sofre dificuldades como sobrecarga de trabalho docente, política de assistência estudantil insuficiente, infraestrutura inadequada e falta de campos e vagas de estágio. Palavras-Chave: contrarreforma do Estado; expansão do ensino superior público; formação profissional; Serviço Social.
A responsabilização da família na cena contemporânea: particularizando o Programa Criança Feliz
Authors: Arcoverde Ana Cristina Brito , Mélo Elisa Celina Alcantara Carvalho , Bezerra Josinete De Carvalho
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo constitui-se numa reflexão teórica em que abordamos elementos que tendem a resultar na culpabilização das famílias numa conjuntura de regressão de direitos. Enfatizam-se os retrocessos nos direitos e políticas sociais, com enfoque na intensificação de programas que caminham na contramão da política de assistência social, particularizando o Programa Criança Feliz, instituído em 2016 no Brasil. Objetiva-se, assim, identificar as especificidades do processo de desresponsabilização do Estado diante das necessidades sociais, desenvolvendo estratégias que exigem maior atuação da família no provimento da proteção social. Identifica-se uma culpabilização e responsabilização das famílias diante de sua situação de vulnerabilidade social, com ênfase maior na questão moral e não protetiva. Palavras-Chave: política de assistência social; Programa Criança Feliz; família.
Serviço Social e saúde: relação antiga, desafios presentes
Authors: Barbosa Viviane Cristina
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo problematizar o cotidiano de trabalho dos assistentes sociais na área da saúde, especificamente num hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Resulta de um estudo realizado sobre as demandas atendidas por esses profissionais nos diversos setores da instituição, através de relatos em livro de ocorrência, fichas de estudo social e reuniões de equipe, cuja análise dos dados obtidos referencia-se na teoria social crítica marxiana. Nesse contexto, longe de oferecer resultados conclusivos, pretendemos fomentar a reflexão crítica acerca da superação de demandas emergenciais, burocráticas e rotineiras presentes na profissão desde sua gênese. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; saúde; cotidiano profissional.
O Serviço Social na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: De Oliveira Andréia , Ghiraldelli Reginaldo
Published: September 2019

O artigo aborda particularidades do exercício profissional de assistentes sociais na atenção primária à saúde no Distrito Federal. Por meio de revisão de literatura e pesquisa empírica, com aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas, objetivou-se, de modo qualitativo, compreender as ações desenvolvidas, as atribuições, as competências profissionais e as condições laborativas de assistentes sociais nesse espaço ocupacional. O cenário brasileiro atual, de aprofundamento da crise político-econômica, erosão dos direitos sociais, ataques aos direitos humanos, avanço do conservadorismo, criminalização das lutas sociais, censura ao pensamento crítico, adoecimento, intensificação e precarização no mundo do trabalho revela inúmeros desafios para a categoria profissional. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; política de saúde; atenção primária à saúde; ações profissionais; direitos sociais.
Head and Neck cancer part 1: diagnosis and classification
Authors: Jones Oliver , Hackett Stephanie , Chatzistavrianou Despoina , Newsum David
Published: September 2019

Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that affects the oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx and neck. With improving survival rates for patients, general dental practitioners (GDPs) are becoming increasingly likely to engage in the care of affected patients. Therefore, a sound clinical knowledge of the aetiology, treatment and rehabilitation for head and neck cancer is essential for all practitioners who may be involved in the care pathways for such patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper provides an update on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and classification of head and neck cancer.
An unusual presentation of a periodontal-endodontic lesion
Authors: King Olivia Johnson , Steel Clare
Published: September 2019

Periodontal-endodontic (perio-endo) lesions involve pulpal and periodontal disease in the same tooth and are seen routinely by dental practitioners. An unusual presentation of a perio-endo lesion in the lower left mandible is demonstrated. It caused significant buccal expansion and perforation of the lingual plate, and was provisionally diagnosed as a malignancy.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case has highlighted the need for clinicians to be aware of the unusual way that periodontal-endodontic lesions may present both clinically and radiographically.
Morphological Characteristics of Neuronal Death After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice Using Double Immunoenzymatic Technique
Authors: Nakano Fumi , Liu Lei , Kawakita Fumihiro , Kanamaru Hideki , Nakatsuka Yoshinari , Nishikawa Hirofumi , Okada Takeshi , Shiba Masato , Suzuki Hidenori
Published: September 2019

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease. Neuronal death is an important pathophysiology in the acute phase of SAH, but the histopathological features of dying neurons have been poorly studied. Using several staining methods including terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) double immunolabeling, we investigated the morphological changes of nucleus and cytoskeleton in neurons and sought susceptible areas to neuronal death in filament perforation SAH mice under light microscope. TUNEL and MAP-2 double immunolabeling clearly showed morphological features of shrunken cytoplasm and sometimes curl-like fibers in dying neurons, besides nuclear abnormalities. More dying neurons were detected in the moderate SAH group than in the mild SAH group, and the temporal base cortex was the most susceptible area to neuronal death with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage among the cerebral cortices and hippocampus at 24 hr after SAH ( p<0.01, ANOVA). Lesser hippocampal neuronal death was observed at 24 hr, but neuronal death was significantly increased in the CA1 region at 7 days after SAH ( p<0.05, unpaired t-test). Using TUNEL and MAP-2 double immunolabeling, morphological features of not only the nucleus but also the cytoplasm in post-SAH neuronal death with DNA damage can be observed in detail under light microscope:
Relational connections through the space of learning: Exploring youths’ experiences of filmmaking with comics
Authors: Lawrence Julian , Lin Ching-Chiu , Can Isin
Published: September 2019

Youth filmmaking is considered as a relational practice through analysis of a case study that took place in an informal learning setting. Comics as a research form allows us to investigate and portray Sally’s story through a biographical-style sequential narrative case study as we visualize her experience through various encounters with the space of learning. We identify characteristics of informal learning spaces that encourage youth to create meanings from filmmaking as media arts practice. This visual essay provides a contextual and unique outlook into Sally’s struggle and joy of learning, thus allowing teachers and educators to ponder the role of relationality in youth arts engagement.
Engaging digital makers through interactive virtual art makerspaces: Possibilities and challenges in art education
Authors: Lu Lilly
Published: September 2019

Recent maker movements have integrated many applications of digital technologies. However, the digital makerspace in virtual environments has not yet been fully addressed. Outside of schools, the sandbox type of Virtual World such as Minecraft and Opensim, is the popular platform for digital makers to experiment, share/exhibit and collaborate on creative ideas and outcomes with art, design and tech skills. In this article, I advocate how virtual environments can serve as additional digital/virtual makerspaces to engage digital-generation makers by presenting the creative work of several groups of secondary and postsecondary students as critical digital makers in formal and informal school settings through my grant projects over ten years. I address the possibilities and challenges and make recommendations for implementing virtual art makerspaces for future contemporary art education.
Creative reuse: The impact artmaking has on raising environmental consciousness
Authors: Girak Sue , Lummis Geoffrey W. , Johnson Jackie
Published: September 2019

Education for Sustainability (EfS) seeks to initiate ways of preserving our planet beyond this current generation. Visual arts teachers can facilitate the students’ imagination to cultivate sustainable attitudes and behaviours. This research investigates whether 12 year olds would question their ecological footprint if they creatively reuse discarded materials in their artmaking. Engaging in activities with a sustainability focus, they recognized the power that aesthetic transformation has on discarded materials, triggering shifts in their attitudes and making connections between their actions and their impact on the ecosphere. This research has implications for teaching EfS, in that the power of aesthetic transformation through creative reuse has the capacity to invite reflection to motivate children to make environmentally sustainable choices.
Youth connecting: Mental health and gardens
Authors: Renwick Kerry , Romes Kathy , Lam Vanessa
Published: September 2019

Gardening has been associated with mental health and a sense of well-being. This article presents visual and written accounts generated by young people as they engaged in reflection through creative practice. The study was facilitated over a twelve month period that included the research team working secondary school aged youth engaged in growing plants, developing their skills in gardening and photography, and participated in two public art exhibitions of their work. The study used photovoice as a way to enable young people to ‘speak’ about their experiences of gardening whilst reflecting on aspects of their mental health – their well-being, resiliency, inclusion and a sense of belonging.
The importance of the Goethe triangle in art education
Authors: Selan Jurij , Lesar Ursa , Podobnik Ursula
Published: September 2019

When teaching about colour, including colour systems is an essential complement to engaging students through practical experience. This can be done using various colour models, each of which has explicatory strengths and limitations. An essential aspect of teaching and learning colour is the understanding of the historical contexts from which the knowledge of colour has emerged. In this article, we analyse one of the historically most puzzling and didactically significant models: the Goethe triangle. In art education, the historical aspect of the Goethe triangle is often mistakenly attributed or even ignored, which leads to its incorrect use in art education. We examine the historical perplexity of the Goethe triangle, the issues of colour that this model illustrates exceptionally well (tertiary colours and colour chords) and, referring to the textbooks for colour education in Slovenian primary schools, demonstrate the proper and improper art educational use of the Goethe triangle.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mason Rachel , Blair Bernadette , Nah Gill , fitzPatrick Edwina
Published: September 2019

Critical Craft: Technology, Globalization and Capitalism, Clare M. Wilkinson-Weber and Alicia Ory Denicola (eds) (2016) London and New York: Bloomsbury, 320 pp., ISBN 978-1-47259-485-3, p/bk, £29.95

Crits, A Student Manual, Terry Barrett (2019) London and New York: Bloomsbury, 174 pp., ISBN 997-8-13500-415-8-5, p/bk, £16.19

Handbook of Arts Education and Special Education: Policy, Research, And Practices, Jean Crockett and Sharon Malley (eds) (2018) Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 370 pp., ISBN 978-1-13866-960-4, p/bk, £88.99

What’s next? Eco Materialism and Contemporary Art, Linda Weintraub (2019) Bristol: Intellect, 338 pp., ISBN 978-1-78320-940-8, p/bk, £28.00
Un cuento inédito de Zorrilla: Nuño Gimeno o La puerta del Sol
Authors: Alonso Seoane María José
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de un cuento inédito desconocido de José Zorrilla, «Nuño Gimeno o La puerta del Sol» y su relación con El Artista. Se incluye el texto completo.
La labor de Ángel Fernández de los Ríos en pro del género cuentístico a través de sus periódicos y de su Tesoro de cuentos (1864). Una aproximación
Authors: Cantos Casenave Marieta
Published: September 2019

El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un primer acercamiento al estudio de la labor de Ángel Fernández de los Ríos en favor del cuento popular y literario, primero a través de las revistas pintorescas e ilustradas en las que colaboró y dirigió y luego a través de su Tesoro de cuentos (1864), con la idea de examinar su interés por este género narrativo, la finalidad con que se escribió este volumen, el contexto en que se publicó y su novedad.
El personaje histórico en la novela histórica del Romanticismo español
Authors: Catalán Romero Noemí
Published: September 2019

La novela histórica se configura como género literario en el siglo XIX impulsada por el Romanticismo, elevándose así la novela al rango de la historia. Debido a ello, el personaje histórico adquiere mayor relevancia. El artículo pretende, pues, acercarse al tratamiento del personaje histórico en la novela histórica del Romanticismo español a través del análisis de cuatro novelas.
Joaquín Dicenta: «una calamidad nacional»
Authors: Ríos Carratalá Juan Antonio
Published: September 2019

Joaquín Dicenta fue un autor muy polémico en su momento. Su controvertida fama provocó que algunos coetáneos le consideraran como «una calamidad nacional». A partir de las razones para justificar esta caracterización, el artículo repasa su trayectoria y establece las dificultades para incorporar a Joaquín Dicente al actual canon literario.
Asesinato en el aire desde la mente del perpetrador: A bordo del Vuelo 9525 Germanwings
Authors: Aldecua Tejero María , Garcia Mezo Citlalli Abigail , Inurreta Díaz Martín , Lizama Rubio Leticia , Velasco Bonilla Carlos Daniel , Méndez Domínguez Nina Isabel
Published: September 2019

La salud mental es un componente fundamental del bienestar humano, cuando este componente se ve afectado en la vida de un individuo que tiene bajo su responsabilidad la vida de otras personas, nadie está exento de poder sufrir las consecuencias de dicha inestabilidad. Mayday Catástrofes Aéreas: Vuelo 9525 Germanwings - Asesinato en el aire (2016) relata lo acontecido en torno al copiloto responsable de la catástrofe, nos adentra en la mente del perpetrador, situándonos en el contexto en el cual se desenvolvía y permitiéndonos comprender en retrospectiva los puntos fundamentales que pudieron haber servido como señales de alarma y nos invita a reflexionar acerca de las vías de prevención que potencialmente pudieron haberse implementado. Si bien las condiciones orgánicas del copiloto mostraron ser saludables, una combinación de ansiedad y depresión detonadas por la carga laboral y la falta de pertenencia pudieron ser abordadas desde la medicina preventiva y el lifestyle medicine.Los pilotos y copilotos componen un gremio de profesionistas expuestos a estilos de vida que pueden afectar su estabilidad y salud mental y es por ello que se resalta la importancia de la implementación de medidas preventivas, mismas que pudieron aplicarse para evitar la tragedia del Germanwings 9525 que despegó del Aeropuerto de Barcelona con ciento cincuenta personas a bordo, mas nunca llegó a su destino. En el presente artículo se discute la importancia de abordar mediante modelos multinivel la salud de los pilotos y copilotos a propósito del caso del Germanwings, desde el enfoque de la medicina preventiva.
Tus derechos. Mis derechos. ¿Nuestros derechos?
Authors: Navés Flavia Andrea , Thomas Moro Mariana , Moscuzza Cecilia , Barontini Gabriela
Published: September 2019

Actualmente la sociedad argentina se debate entre la aceptación y el rechazo de la legalidad de la interrupción temprana del embarazo en un contexto socio-político de lucha por los derechos reproductivos y no reproductivos. Debate que suele perder de vista el padecimiento psíquico de las mujeres que deciden abortar.La serie televisiva “Sexo en la ciudad” (“Sexo en Nueva York” en España)/ “Sex and the City” (1998-2004), creada por Darren Star y protagonizada por Sarah Jessica Parker, Kristin Davis, Cynthia Nixon y Kim Cattrall recrea con humor, ironía y dramatismo, pero, también con madurez y decisión temas socialmente controvertidos como el aborto y la infertilidad.Elegimos el capítulo 11 de la temporada 4 titulado Podría, habría, debería (Podría haber, debería haber, si hubiera en España)/ Coulda, Woulda, Shoulda (2001) para realizar el presente trabajo. El objetivo es presentar, mediante un análisis situacional, el padecimiento subjetivo de las mujeres que recurren a la fertilización asistida, por un lado y de quienes deben tomar la decisión de interrumpir el embarazo, por el otro.
La verdad duele (2015). El cine y las conmociones cerebrales en los deportes de contacto
Authors: Abad Vila Miguel
Published: September 2019

La práctica de los deportes de contacto (fútbol americano, rugby, boxeo, artes marciales mixtas) está relacionada con un incremento en el riesgo de padecer conmociones o contusiones cerebrales, provocadas generalmente por traumatismos craneoencefálicos. Al respecto, La verdad duele / Concussion (2015) de Peter Landesman nos muestra el conflicto originado por las investigaciones del Doctor Bennet Omalu y la poderosa National Football League (NFL), la institución representativa del fútbol americano en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica.
Table of Contents
Authors: Williams Quentin
Published: September 2019

Table of Contents
Of ‘Household Gods’ and Devils: Fetishism in The Old Curiosity Shop
Authors: Hamdi Saber
Published: September 2019

Shifting the focus of attention from Nell to Trent opens new possibilities of reading Dickens’s The Old Curiosity Shop. Rather than telling the story of a little child’s journey towards death, the novel is about an old man’s failure to mourn that takes on the aspect of fetishistic disavowal. Trent is a split subject whose phantasmal formations open an abyss between knowledge and belief. His grappling with loss makes him crave for money, a projection which finds its ultimate embodiment in the character of Quilp. Dickens integrates this scenario into a symbolic web centred on the topos of fetishism, which provides the metaphorical medium of the novel while being its central theme. Objects and the subjects’ relation to them are thus placed at the crossroads between an anthropological, a Marxian, and a Freudian conception of fetishism. Dickens weaves his story around the unifying thread between these three facets of the fetishistic paradigm starting from his conception of the latter as a symptom accounting for what is wrong not only with individual lives but also with collective experience. Yet the spear that wounds can also heal, and that is why Dickens’s idea of salutary fetishism as a remedy to the maladies of the self and of society does not undermine his attempt at ‘defetishizing critique’ in The Old Curiosity Shop.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells utilize the notch signaling pathway to induce apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via NF-κB sensor
Authors: Lin Nan , Yao Zhicheng , Xu Linan , Xu Mingxin , Yuan Lin , Zhuang Haiyun , Lin Yang , Xu Ruiyun
Published: September 2019

The present study aimed at evaluating the mechanism by which functionality of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is modulated by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Induction of apoptosis in HSCs was found to be caused by directly co-culturing HSCs with BMSCs, where the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) increased significantly in HSCs, along with an increase in their proliferation rate. Additionally, expression of Hes1 and Notch1 in HSCs co-cultured with BMSCs increased significantly at both protein and mRNA levels. Blocking of the notch signaling pathway (NSP) either by Notch1 siRNA or by DAPT treatment increased the proliferation rate while decreasing apoptosis and led to activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in HSCs co-cultured with BMSCs. These effects were found to be reversed in HSCs overexpressing IκB S32/S36 mutants. The Notch signaling-mediated cell-cell contact was partially involved in the significant inhibition of proliferation of HSCs by BMSCs. Additionally, the NF-κB pathway was found to be responsible for NSP-mediated inhibition of growth of HSCs in the co-culture system. Thus, BMSCs might have a potential therapeutic significance in treating hepatic fibrosis.
Non-pharmacological management of gestational diabetes: The role of myo-inositol
Authors: Guardo Federica Di , Currò Jessica Marika , Valenti Gaetano , Rossetti Paola , Di Gregorio Luisa Maria , Conway Francesca , Chiofalo Benito , Garzon Simone , Bruni Simone , Rizzo Gianluca
Published: September 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder occurring in pregnancy.

GDM plays an important role in the current diabetes epidemic: exposure to a high glycemic environment during the early stages of development increases the risk of the fetus to develop type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adult life.

Various cardiometabolic risk factors are linked to GDM. A thorough knowledge of the risk factors and genes involved in the development of GDM, along with an understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are crucial to properly identify patients at risk of developing this condition. There is growing evidence showing that myo-inositol, combined with an appropriate therapeutic regimen for GDM, can provide additional benefits to the patient. The aim of this review is to analyze the role of inositol isomers – especially myo-inositol (MYO-INS) – in the treatment of patients with GDM.
The crystal structure of (E)-4-((4-(diethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-N,N-diphenylaniline, C29H29N3
Authors: Liu Yue , Yang Zhou-Hua , Ni Jian-Jun , Liu Zhaod-Di
Published: September 2019

C29H29N3, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.677(4) Å, b = 11.325(4) Å, c = 21.530(8) Å, α = 88.026(5)°, β = 75.646(5)°, γ = 71.504(4)°, V = 2389.0(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0663, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2002, T = 293(2) K.
Philosophical Theology and Evolutionary Anthropology
Authors: Breul Martin
Published: September 2019

Being one of most influential anthropologists of contemporary times, Michael Tomasello and his groundbreaking evolutionary approach to a natural history of human beings are still to be received by theological anthropology. This article aims at evaluating the prospects and limitations of Tomasello’s natural history of human ontogeny from a philosophical and theological perspective. The major advantages of Tomasello’s approach are a new conceptual perspective on the mind-brain problem and a possible detranscendentalization of the human mind which leads to an intersubjectively grounded anthropology. At the same time, evolutionary anthropology struggles with the binding force of moral obligations and the human ability to interpret one’s existence and the world in a religious way. This article thus offers a first theological inventory of Tomasello’s account of evolutionary anthropology which praises its prospects and detects its limitations.
Theology and Philosophy of Care
Authors: Peltomäki Isto
Published: September 2019

This paper explores pastoral care as a common task of all Christians in the light of theology and philosophy of love in contemporary Finnish Lutheran theology. Pastoral care is about taking care of one’s suffering neighbours, which theologically is about love. The so-called Finnish school of Luther studies considered Luther as a theologian of love. Finnish theological ethics has concentrated on interpretation of Luther’s theology. Luther’s concept of love has been reinterpreted by Risto Saarinen with the idea of gift and recognition. Following Saarinen, and Jaana Hallamaa’s ethical theory of agency, the paper illustrates how the Lutheran idea of love can be based on agency, gift giving and reciprocity and so be understood as praxis in terms of Christian life. To conclude, the question of what makes caring Christian in nature, or pastoral care in other words, is explored in the light of faith as trust.
Charles Dickens and the Rhetoric of Law in David Copperfield
Authors: Soccio Anna Enrichetta
Published: September 2019

In the Victorian age, a period of rapid changes and social and cultural advancement, the preoccupation with modernizing the law system emerged as a concern for both law experts and ordinary people. However, it was the realist novel that drew particular attention to the inadequacy and inefficiency of a system that needed to be reformed. Charles Dickens was the Victorian novelist who, more than any of his fellow writers, never missed the opportunity to speak of law and justice, allowing his experience in the field to reveal the oddities and idiosyncrasies of the legal system. In David Copperfield, Dickens unmercifully criticizes laws and legal procedures but at the same time he proposes changes. In the middle of the century, the laws on marriage and divorce were frequently debated in the press and in Parliament. Dickens chooses his most autobiographical novel to give his own view on those matters as well as on the necessity to reform law courts at large.
Gentlemanliness, Status and Law in Anthony Trollope’s Lady Anna
Authors: Antinucci Raffaella
Published: September 2019

Despite the little critical attention it has received, Lady Anna is exemplary in Trollope’s output as a novel in which contemporary ideas of Englishness, gentlemanliness and the law are not only questioned, but also complicated and conflated in various ways. Whereas the majority of scholars have focused their analyses on the legal intricacies of the dispute involving Lady Anna and occasionally on the reflection on true gentlemanliness, which indeed is the central concern of the novel (most often simply to ascertain whether the son of a tailor could be a gentleman or not), the present contribution intends to re-assess the paradigms of masculinities embodied by the male protagonists of Trollope’s novel, and to verify to what extent the gentlemanly status can also be granted to the law’s representatives, in particular to the Solicitor-General Sir William Patterson in both his private and public roles. The various and opposite criteria adopted by the different characters to judge and define a gentleman mirror the epistemological changes that had been re-shaping the debate on its figure, thus disclosing a social texture in which old and new notions of gentlemanliness co-existed.
Late-Victorian Experiences with Italian Legislation: Stories of Sex, Madness and Social Commitment
Authors: Bizzotto Elisa
Published: September 2019

Given their love for Italy, which often represented for them a second home country, it was not unusual for late-Victorian writers and intellectuals to have direct experiences with Italian laws. The article presents four “case studies” of late-Victorian authors living in Italy and analyses their reactions to such diverse issues as homosexuality, madness and artistic heritage in relation to the Italian law system and by providing a comparative perspective with English legislation. The contribution also considers these authors’ narratives of their responses to Italian laws in both published and private writings that cover a variety of genres and evidence cultural differences and conflicts, though not always in an expected way.
Monetary Policy and Unnatural Low Interest Rates: Secular Stagnation or Financial Repression?
Authors: van Riet Ad
Published: September 2019

Market interest rates have been on a declining trend over the past 35 years in all advanced economies, even reaching negative territory in some European jurisdictions. This article reviews two competing explanations for the occurrence of unnatural low interest rates. The secular stagnation hypothesis of Keynesian origin maintains that persistent non-monetary factors have caused a structural excess of desired savings over planned investments which steadily pushed down the equilibrium real interest rate that is consistent with a balanced economy. Major central banks in turn failed to sufficiently lower their monetary policy rates to revive aggregate demand, leading to anaemic economic recoveries and hysteresis effects. By contrast, the financial repression doctrine argues that central banks pursued low interest rates to ease the government budget constraint and serve political objectives. The Austrian School of Economics states that this monetary easing bias sowed the seeds of repeated boom/bust cycles and created economic distortions that dragged down potential growth and the equilibrium real interest rate. The core of the debate appears to be the long-standing controversy about the desirable role for the state in guiding the economy on a higher potential growth path as opposed to relying on the efficiency of market processes in generating prosperity.
Semantic innocence and Kaplanian inferences
Authors: Valtonen Pasi
Published: September 2019

The core of Christopher Hom and Robert May’s semantic innocence is the thesis that ethnic slurs have empty extensions. Thereby, a slurring term makes any non-negated slurring sentence false. At the same time, Hom and May emphasise that the most important task in the study of slurs is to explain non-xenophobic understanding of slurs. In this paper, I argue that there is a conflict between the two claims. I show this with Kaplanian inferences, which, in my view, are crucial for the non-xenophobic understanding. After all, slurs offend us because we understand them.
Evaluation ofTrichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma citrinoviride growth profiles and their potentials as biocontrol agent and biofertilizer
Authors: Gezgin Yüksel , Maral Gül Derya , Sözer Şenşatar Seçil , Kara Can Uraz , Sargın Sayit , Sukan Fazilet Vardar , Eltem Rengin
Published: September 2019

Background

Two Trichoderma species (T. atroviride and T. citrinoviride) were evaluated for their potential to have Trichoderma-based biological control agent and biofertilizer properties.

Materials and Methods

Eight Trichoderma spp. were identified by molecular methods. The mycoparasitic activities against different phytopathogenic fungi and their capacity to produce extracellular lytic enzymes were investigated. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization capabilities of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated together with the effect of some physical parameters and different carbon:nitrogen sources on mycelial growth and conidium production.

Results and Discussion

All strains exhibited lytic enzymes and indole-3 acetic acid production as well as phosphate solubility characteristics. Trichoderma citrinoviride demostrated more mycoparasitic activity against Fusarium oxysporium than T. atroviride whereas T. atroviride was found more effective against Rhizoctonia solani. In particular, at lower temperatures, conidium production of T. atroviride strains were significantly higher than T. citrinoviride strains. Both strains grew well on all carbon sources tested. The effect of organic nitrogen sources on growth were notably higher than inorganic nitrogen sources.

Conclusion

The results provided valuable insight in both the highest mycelial growth and conidia production conditions of these cultures for further similar studies related to development of Trichoderma-based new commercial biological control and biofertilizer formulations in different agro-climatic regions.
Sobre fontes para a história do português: testemunhos, edições e variantes
Authors: Brocardo Maria Teresa
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with extant written records from Portuguese past stages (Medieval period) that are explored as sources for linguistic diachronic studies. Its objective is to argue that, complementarily to the retrieving of data from (smaller or larger) text corpora, the close analysis of an individual «witness» (as opposed to the somewhat vague concept of «text», in particular in the medieval domain) may enable the retrieving of relevant linguistic data. To support this claim, two types of examples are presented: the close analysis of some editorial corrections (in editions of late 13th century texts) and the comparison and description of variants from two witnesses of the same text (late 15th century). In both cases, the linguistic data which are described are only accessible in the editions’ critical apparatus, which leads to the discussion of how to eventually make this data accessible also in text corpora.
Clinical challenges of a co-secreting TSH/GH pituitary adenoma
Authors: Ng Hui Yi , Namboodiri Divya , Learoyd Diana , Davidson Andrew , Champion Bernard , Preda Veronica
Published: September 2019

Co-secreting thyrotropin/growth hormone (GH) pituitary adenomas are rare; their clinical presentation and long-term management are challenging. There is also a paucity of long-term data. Due to the cell of origin, these can behave as aggressive tumours. We report a case of a pituitary plurihormonal pit-1-derived macroadenoma, with overt clinical hyperthyroidism and minimal GH excess symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology showing elevated thyroid and GH axes with failure of physiological GH suppression, elevated pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit (αGSU) and macroadenoma on imaging. Pre-operatively the patient was rendered euthyroid with carbimazole and underwent successful transphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA) with surgical cure. Histopathology displayed an elevated Ki-67 of 5.2%, necessitating long-term follow-up.

Learning points:

Thyrotropinomas are rare and likely under-diagnosed due to under-recognition of secondary hyperthyroidism.

Thyrotropinomas and other plurihormonal pit-1-derived adenomas are more aggressive adenomas according to WHO guidelines.

Co-secretion occurs in 30% of thyrotropinomas, requiring diligent investigation and long-term follow-up of complications.
Pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone combined with oral steroids as a treatment for poorly responsive type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Campi Irene , Perego Giovanni B , Ravogli Antonella , Groppelli Antonella , Parati Gianfranco , Persani Luca , Fugazzola Laura
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) affects up to 3% of treated patients. Type 2 AIT (AIT2) is a destructive thyroiditis and is usually treated with medium-high oral doses of prednisone. As AIT may worsen the underlying heart disease, a rapid control of thyroid function is desirable. We aimed to determine whether a combined intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulses therapy associated to prednisone in the interpulse period can represent an efficient and safe alternative to urgent total thyroidectomy in patients with AIT2 not responsive to prednisone alone.

Design and methods

Patients presenting with a severe AIT2 studied in a tertiary referral Center from August 2018 to April 2019. We included four patients requiring a rapid improvement of thyroid function for their underlying cardiac disorders. The baseline doses of oral prednisone (range: 5–12.5 mg/day) and IVMP (range: 250–500 twice a week) were determined according to the severity of the thyrotoxicosis and were titrated based on clinical response.

Results

Combined treatment was effective in all patients in the prompt restoration of euthyroidism and no major adverse events were reported during the follow-up. In all cases, FT4 and FT3 levels normalized at 3–5 weeks of treatment. A permanent hypothyroidism was observed in one patient, 3 months after the discontinuation of treatment.

Conclusions

We report for the first time that the combined intravenous and oral steroid therapy is effective in patients with AIT2. The treatment is well tolerated and leads to a rapid improvement of thyroid function, avoiding urgent total thyroidectomy and favoring a quick functional recovery and rehabilitation of cardiac patients.
Effect of insulin resistance on whole blood mRNA and microRNA expression affecting bone turnover
Authors: Razny Urszula , Polus Anna , Goralska Joanna , Zdzienicka Anna , Gruca Anna , Kapusta Maria , Biela Maria , Dembinska-Kiec Aldona , Solnica Bogdan , Malczewska-Malec Malgorzata
Published: September 2019

Objective

To evaluate the effect of insulin resistance in obesity on the expression in whole blood of mRNA and miRNA affecting bone homeostasis as well as to estimate the influence of oral glucose load (OGTT) on serum osteocalcin concentration in obese individuals with and without insulin resistance.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Carboxylated (cOC), undercarboxylated (ucOC) and total osteocalcin were measured by ELISA in the serum of obese subjects with insulin resistance (n = 41) and obese subjects without insulin resistance (n = 41) (control group) during OGTT. Analysis of gene expression (microarray) and miRNAs (real-time PCR) was performed in venous blood (representating samples) collected before OGTT from obese with insulin resistance and controls.

Results

Obese subjects with insulin resistance (higher HOMA-IR and lower oral glucose insulin sensitivity index) presented significantly increased expression of WNT signalling inhibitors (DKK1, DKK2, SOST, SFRP1) and downregulation of the key factor in WNT signalling – β catenin participating in osteoblasts differentiation. Expression of miRNA involved in osteoblastogenesis was also inhibited (miR-29b, miR-181a, miR-210, miR-324-3p). During OGTT, contrary to the control group, subjects with insulin resistance presented suppression of cOC and total OC decrease after 1 and 2 h of oral glucose load.

Conclusions

Obese subjects with insulin resistance may have defects in osteoblastogenesis that was demonstrated via key signalling molecules mRNA downregulation, and increased expression of WNT antagonists as well as inhibition of expression of miRNA participating in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Disturbed osteoblastogenesis in insulin-resistant subjects results in the suppression of blood carboxylated and total osteocalcin decrease during OGTT.
On the Old Icelandic Riddle Collection Heiðreksgátur
Authors: Vijūnas Aurelijus
Published: September 2019

In this article, the language of the Old Icelandic riddle collection Heiðreksgátur is studied, paying attention to its tropes (kennings and heiti), humour, and narration techniques. In addition to this, also literary links with other poems of the Poetic Edda are discussed.
Ad hoc Taxonomies: A Baltic Parallel to the Scandinavian Absolute Positives
Authors: Holvoet Axel , Spraunienė Birutė
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the extension of definite markers into the domain of indefinite NPs in Scandinavian and Baltic. Definite articles evolving further down the grammaticalization path typically become markers of specificity (Greenberg 1978, Himmelmann 1998), but the development of definite markers in Baltic and Scandinavian languages (formally divergent as Baltic uses definite adjectives as the principal grammatical means of marking definiteness whereas Scandinavian employs definite articles for this purpose) has taken a different direction. After a brief discussion of the different types of extension of definite markers beyond their core domain in Baltic and Scandinavian, we focus on a specific construction in Scandinavian, the so-called ‘absolute positives’. We suggest that this construction is parallelled by certain Latvian constructions with definite adjectives, the effect being, in both cases, that of evoking ad hoc taxonomies. Finally, we present some considerations on the possible origin of the constructions discussed.
Are the Scandinavian Gods of Indo-European Heritage?
Authors: Liberman Anatoly
Published: September 2019

The origin of Germanic deities poses the question familiar from the study of phonemes, grammatical forms, and syntactic constructions: Indo-European heritage or local descent? Since from medieval Germania only Scandinavian mythology has come down to us, discussion centers around Othin, Thor, Týr, Baldr, etc. None of them has ascertainable roots in Indo-European, even when etymology points in that direction. Nor has George Dumézil succeeded in showing that the Indo-European and the Scandinavian pantheon, with their alleged tripartite division, are a good match, but from the nature of the case the question remains open.
Översättning av officiella texter och affärstexter från svenska till ryska och från ryska till svenska
Authors: Matytsina Irina
Published: September 2019

Transformation, understood very broadly, is the key word and the main method used in teaching Swedish to Russian speakers. As applied to official documents, it allows learners to see the peculiarities of business language in comparison with the neutral style.
The Study of The Validity of The Surface Structure of Holy Quran
Authors: Rezaei Esmaeil
Published: September 2019

The validity of the surface structure of the Holy Qur'an is one of the most important Qur'anic debates, which also affects the issues of Islamic law. The meaning of surface structure of the Qur'an is that the surface structure of the Qur'an is understandable to every reader and listener, as well as any human text, and that which man understands the surface structure of the Qur'an by means of verbal and illogical indications. The current paper examines the validity of the surface structure of the Holy Quran, following expanding the conceptual subject of the research.  Given the thematic documents presented, this is a descriptive-analytical paper with library sources data collection tool. The findings indicate that: The most important reason for believing in the validity of the Holy Qur'an surface structure is that this holy scripture includes the plan of human happiness in the world and the Hereafter. Therefore, if the surface structure of the Holy Quran is not justified, how one can use its surface structure to answer difficult questions that limited human reason is incapable of answering. In addition, the Holy Qur'an, although revelation and has been revealed by God, but because it is revealed in the form of words, it is governed by the principles and rules governing all languages, among which are the validity of their surface structure for those familiar with the language. Keabsahan struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an adalah salah satu perdebatan Al-Qur'an yang paling penting karena  mempengaruhi masalah hukum Islam. Makna struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an adalah bahwa struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an dapat dipahami oleh setiap pembaca dan pendengar, serta teks manusia mana pun, dan apa yang dipahami manusia oleh struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an dengan cara indikasi verbal dan tidak logis. Penelitian ini  meneliti validitas struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an, dengan memperluas subjek konseptual penelitian. Mengingat dokumen tematik yang disajikan, pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan alat pengumpulan data sumber perpustakaan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa: alasan paling penting untuk percaya pada validitas struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an adalah bahwa kitab suci ini mencakup rencana kebahagiaan manusia di dunia dan akhirat. Karena itu, jika struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an tidak benar, bagaimana seseorang dapat menggunakan struktur permukaannya untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan sulit yang membatasi akal manusia. Selain itu, Alquran, meskipun wahyu dari Allah,  tetapi karena diturunkan dalam bentuk kata-kata, diatur oleh prinsip dan aturan yang mengatur semua bahasa, di antaranya adalah validitas struktur permukaan untuk mereka yang terbiasa dengan bahasa.