bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroless Reduction of Silver Chloride Precipitates for the Preparation of Highly Sensitive Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) Measurements
Authors: Rao Gadupudi Purna Chandra , Yang Jyisy
Published: January 2015

To prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on infrared-transmitting crystal for surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) measurements, a new strategy is proposed and demonstrated using electroless reduction of preformed silver chloride (AgCl) particles. Silver chloride precipitates were formed using an additive of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to vary the size and shape of the precipitates. After settling on germanium substrates, the preformed particles of AgCl were reduced electrolessly and spontaneously coagulated to AgNPs. The resulting AgNPs showed a multilayer structure, but the AgNPs were isolated, as shown by the lack of absorption-band distortion in the SEIRA measurements. Hence, the sensitivity and analyte-loading capacity for SEIRA measurements are improved significantly. To optimize the chemical deposition and electroless reduction method, we examined several parameters, including the concentrations of reagents during AgCl precipitation and the reaction time required in the deposition–reduction steps. We used para-nitrobenzoic acid (pNBA) to probe the intensity of the SEIRA effect for the prepared substrates. To better correlate the SEIRA performances with each variable, we examined the prepared substrates using a scanning electron microscope and SEIRA. The results indicate that two major morphologies of AgNPs are observed: nanoparticles and nanorods. The distributions of nanorods*** we observed were related to the procedures used to prepare the substrates. Based on SEIRA signals, we observed enhancement factors approaching three orders of magnitude compared to conventional transmission measurement. Also, based on the morphologies, the large signals were mainly caused by the formation of multilayers of non-percolated AgNPs.
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Quantitative Analysis of Metal Gluconates
Authors: Li Shaoxian , Yang Jingqi , Zhao Hongwei , Yang Na , Jing Dandan , Zhang Jianbing , Li Qingnuan , Han Jiaguang
Published: January 2015

A series of metal gluconates (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) were investigated by terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. The absorption coefficients and refractive indices of the samples were obtained in the frequency range of 0.5–2.6 THz. The gluconates showed distinct THz characteristic fingerprints, and the dissimilarities reflect their different structures, hydrogen-bond networks, and molecular interactions. In addition, some common features were observed among these gluconates, and the similarities probably come from the similar carbohydrate anion group. The X-ray powder diffraction measurements of these metal gluconates were performed, and the copper(II) gluconate was found to be amorphous, corresponding to the monotonic increase feature in the THz absorption spectrum. The results suggest that THz spectroscopy is sensitive to molecular structure and physical form. Binary and ternary mixtures of different gluconates were quantitatively analyzed based on the Beer–Lambert law. A chemical map of a tablet containing calcium D-gluconate monohydrate and α-lactose in the polyethylene host was obtained by THz imaging. The study shows that THz technology is a useful tool in pharmaceutical research and quality control applications.
Spectral and Dynamic Characteristics of Helium Plasma Emission and its Effect on a Laser-Ablated Target Emission in a Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Experiment
Authors: Jobiliong Eric , Suyanto Hery , Marpaung Alion Mangasi , Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur , Idris Nasrullah , Hedwig Rinda , Ramli Muliadi , Pardede Marincan , Suliyanti Maria Margaretha , Kagawa Kiichiro , Fukumoto Ken-Ichi , Tjia May On , Lie Tjung Jie , Lie Zener Sukra , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik
Published: January 2015

A systematic study has been performed on the spectral characteristics of the full spectrum of He emission lines and their time-dependent behaviors measured from the He gas plasmas generated by a nanosecond neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. It is shown that among the major emission lines observed, the triplet He(I) 587.6 nm emission line stands out as the most prominent and long-lasting line, associated with de-excitation of the metastable triplet (S = 1) excited state (1s 1 3d 1 ). The role of this metastable excited state is manifested in the intensity enhancement and prolonged life time of the Cu emission with narrow full width half-maximum, as demonstrated in an orthogonal double-pulse experiment using a picosecond laser for the target ablation and a nanosecond laser for the prior generation of the ambient He gas plasma. These desirable emission features are in dire contrast to the characteristics of emission spectra observed with N2 ambient gas having no metastable excited state, which exhibit an initial Stark broadening effect and rapid intensity diminution typical to thermal shock wave-induced emission. The aforementioned He metastable excited state is therefore responsible for the demonstrated favorable features. The advantage of using He ambient gas in the double-pulse setup is further confirmed by the emission spectra measured from a variety of samples. The results of this study have thus shown the potential of extending the existing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy application to high-sensitivity and high-resolution spectrochemical analysis of wide-ranging samples with minimal destructive effect on the sample surface.
A New Way to Interpret Perturbation–Correlation Moving-Window Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy: Probing the Dynamic Interaction of Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate to Absorb Atmospheric Water
Authors: Chen Yu , Mu Tiancheng
Published: January 2015

A rule to interpret perturbation–correlation moving-window two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCMW2D) was developed. Compared with Morita's rule, this proposed rule retains the ability to obtain interval features (i.e., monotonicity, concavity, and convexity) and adds the function to quickly and accurately determine both tipping points (i.e., local extrema and inflection points). It could be described as follows: the local extrema and inflection point could be determined by the zero point with an opposite sign on its left and right side in πΦ (synchronous PCMW2D) and πΨ (asynchronous PCMW2D), respectively. Specifically, a negative left (right) side and a positive right (left) side of point indicates a local minimal (maximal) value. By using the rule to interpret πIR (PCMW2D infrared spectroscopy) of 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium*** acetate [EMIM][Ac]-atmospheric water (H2O) as a function of time, we found that the atmospheric water was absorbed only into the bulk of [EMIM][Ac] before 150 min by hydrogen-bonding interaction, only onto the surface of [EMIM][Ac] after 330 min by van der Waals force, and both to the bulk and surface of [EMIM][Ac] between 150 and 330 min by hydrogen-boding and van der Waals force simultaneously. The proportion of bulk water sorption and surface water sorption to [EMIM][Ac] was about 4 and 96%, respectively.
Application of Portable Fluorescence Spectrophotometry for Integrity Testing of Recycled Water Dual Distribution Systems
Authors: Hambly Adam C. , Henderson Rita K. , Baker Andy , Stuetz Richard M. , Khan Stuart J.
Published: January 2015

Water utilities supplying recycled water to households via a “third-pipe” or “dual reticulation” system have a need for a rapid, portable method to detect cross-connections within potable water reticulation networks. This study evaluates portable fluorimetry as a technique for cross-connection detection in the field. For the first time, an investigation of a full-scale dual reticulation water-recycling network has been carried out to identify cross-connections using a portable fluorimeter. We determined that this can be carried out with a 3 mL water sample, and unlike methods that are currently in use for cross-connection detection, can be achieved quickly without disruption to water flow or availability within the network. It was also revealed that fluorescence trigger values could be established with high levels of confidence by sampling less than 2.5% of the network. Fluorescence analysis was also able to uncover a single, real cross-connection event. As such, this paper is a fundamental demonstration of fluorescence as a reliable, highly portable technique for cross-connection detection within dual reticulation water recycling networks and further establishes the abilities of fluorescence devices as valuable field instruments for water quality monitoring.
Dependence of Raman and Resonance Raman Intensities on Sample Self-Absorption
Authors: Hong Zhenmin , Asher Sanford A.
Published: January 2015

Resonance Raman cross sections are generally larger than normal or preresonance Raman cross sections. Thus, higher Raman intensities are expected for resonance excitation, especially for backscattering measurements. However, self absorption decreases the observed Raman intensities. In the work here we examine the effect of self absorption on the observed preresonance and resonance Raman intensities. For the simplest case where a single electronic transition dominates the Raman scattering, and where the resonance enhancement scales with the square of the molar absorptivity of the absorption band, theory predicts that for close to resonance excitation the observed Raman intensities monotonically increase as resonance is approached. In the case that an impurity absorbs, the observed Raman intensities may decrease as excitation moves close to resonance for particular conditions of impurity absorption band widths and frequency offsets. Impurity absorption also causes decreases in observed Raman intensities for the more slowly increasing preresonance excitation.
Improvement of the Chemical Content Prediction of a Model Powder System by Reducing Multiple Scattering Using Polarized Light Spectroscopy
Authors: Bendoula Ryad , Gobrecht Alexia , Moulin Benoit , Roger Jean-Michel , Bellon-Maurel Veronique
Published: January 2015

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful non-destructive analytical method used to analyze major compounds in bulk materials and products and requiring no sample preparation. It is widely used in routine analysis and also in line in industries, in vivo with biomedical applications, or in field for agricultural and environmental applications. However, highly scattering samples subvert Beer–Lambert law's linear relationship between spectral absorbance and the concentration. Instead of spectral pre-processing, which is commonly used by NIR spectroscopists to mitigate the scattering effect, we put forward an optical method, i.e., coupling polarized light with NIR spectrometry, to free spectra from scattering effect. This should allow us to retrieve linear and steady conditions for spectral analysis. When tested in visible-NIR (Vis-NIR) range (400–800 nm) on model media, mixtures of scattering and absorbing particles, the setup provided significant improvements in absorber concentration estimation precision as well as in the quality and robustness of the calibration model.
Analysis of Pure Tar Substances (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in the Gas Stream Using Ultraviolet Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR)
Authors: Weide Tobias , Guschin Viktor , Becker Wolfgang , Koelle Sabine , Maier Simon , Seidelt Stephan
Published: January 2015

The analysis of tar, mostly characterized as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), describes a topic that has been researched for years. An online analysis of tar in the gas stream in particular is needed to characterize the tar conversion or formation in the biomass gasification process. The online analysis in the gas is carried out with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy (190–720 nm). This online analysis is performed with a measuring cell developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT). To this day, online tar measurements using UV–Vis spectroscopy have not been carried out in detail. Therefore, PAHs are analyzed as follows. The measurements are split into different steps. The first step to prove the online method is to vaporize single tar substances. These experiments show that a qualitative analysis of PAHs in the gas stream with the used measurement setup is possible. Furthermore, it is shown that the method provides very exact results, so that a differentiation of various PAHs is possible. The next step is to vaporize a PAH mixture. This step consists of vaporizing five pure substances almost simultaneously. The interpretation of the resulting data is made using a chemometric interpretation method, the multivariate curve resolution (MCR). The verification of the calculated results is the main aim of this experiment. It has been shown that the tar mixture can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively (in arbitrary units) in detail using the MCR. Finally it is the main goal of this paper to show the first steps in the applicability of the UV-Vis spectroscopy and the measurement setup on online tar analysis in view of characterizing the biomass gasification process. Due to that, the gasification plant (at the laboratory scale), developed and constructed by the Fraunhofer ICT, has been used to vaporize these substances. Using this gasification plant for the experiments enables the usage of the measurement setup also for the spectroscopic analysis of the tar formation during the biomass gasification.
In Vivo Study of Lipid Accumulation in the Microalgae Marine Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Meksiarun Phiranuphon , Spegazzini Nicolas , Matsui Hiroaki , Nakajima Kensuke , Matsuda Yusuke , Sato Hidetoshi
Published: January 2015

An in vivo non-invasive quantitative analysis technique was introduced for evaluating the fat composition of living marine diatoms by using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with a chemometric method. This technique enabled the observation of real-time variations in individual lipids in diatom cells without specific treatment or fat extraction. A confocal Raman spectroscope was used to measure the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira ( T.) pseudonana that was cultured under six stress conditions, and the spectral data of accumulated fatty acids were obtained. A model-based chemometrics technique, ordinary least square was then used to extract specific signals from Raman spectra obtained for a mixture of fatty acids. The levels of four major lipid moieties from diatoms were extracted simultaneously, including myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid from the Raman spectra. These results indicate that Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with a chemometrics method is reliable for the quantitative determination of the lipid composition accumulated in the cells of marine diatoms.
Terahertz Time-Domain and Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy of Organic Materials
Authors: Parrott Edward P.J. , Zeitler J. Axel
Published: January 2015

With the ongoing proliferation of terahertz time-domain instrumentation from semiconductor physics into applied spectroscopy over the past decade, measurements at terahertz frequencies (1 THz ≡ 1012 Hz ≡ 33 cm–1) have attracted a sustained growing interest, in particular the investigation of hydrogen-bonding interactions in organic materials. More recently, the availability of Raman spectrometers that are readily able to measure in the equivalent spectral region very close to the elastic scattering background has also grown significantly. This development has led to renewed efforts in performing spectroscopy at the interface between dielectric relaxation phenomena and vibrational spectroscopy. In this review, we briefly outline the underlying technology, the physical phenomena governing the light–matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, recent examples of spectroscopic studies, and the current state of the art in assigning spectral features to vibrational modes based on computational techniques.
Immunohistochemical Detection of FLAG-Tagged Endogenous Proteins in Knock-In Mice
Authors: Ferrando Ronald E. , Newton Kim , Chu Felix , Webster Joshua D. , French Dorothy M.
Published: January 2015

With recent advances in immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques, immunohistochemistry now plays a more important role in research, especially in mouse models where characterization of cellular patterns of protein expression has become critical. Even with these recent advances, a paucity of IHC quality antibodies for some proteins still exists. To address this, we have developed a novel IHC assay that utilizes a commercially available goat anti-DDDDK peptide polyclonal antibody on paraffin-embedded tissues from knock-in mice expressing proteins of interest tagged with a 3×FLAG epitope at physiologically relevant levels. Focusing on two 3×FLAG-tagged proteins for which specific antibodies were available, USP48 and RIPK3, we were able to validate our anti-DDDDK assay by comparing the IHC directed against the actual proteins to the anti-DDDDK IHC assay, which recognizes the FLAG epitope. We were also able to detect a third 3×FLAG-tagged protein, BAP1, for which quality reagents were not available. This universal IHC method will enable researchers to characterize the expression patterns of proteins of interest when specific antibodies are lacking.
An Innovative Method for Obtaining Consistent Images and Quantification of Histochemically Stained Specimens
Authors: Linden Michael A. , Sedgewick Gerald J. , Ericson Marna
Published: January 2015

Obtaining digital images of color brightfield microscopy is an important aspect of biomedical research and the clinical practice of diagnostic pathology. Although the field of digital pathology has had tremendous advances in whole-slide imaging systems, little effort has been directed toward standardizing color brightfield digital imaging to maintain image-to-image consistency and tonal linearity. Using a single camera and microscope to obtain digital images of three stains, we show that microscope and camera systems inherently produce image-to-image variation. Moreover, we demonstrate that post-processing with a widely used raster graphics editor software program does not completely correct for session-to-session inconsistency. We introduce a reliable method for creating consistent images with a hardware/software solution (ChromaCal™; Datacolor Inc., NJ) along with its features for creating color standardization, preserving linear tonal levels, providing automated white balancing and setting automated brightness to consistent levels. The resulting image consistency using this method will also streamline mean density and morphometry measurements, as images are easily segmented and single thresholds can be used. We suggest that this is a superior method for color brightfield imaging, which can be used for quantification and can be readily incorporated into workflows.
Abnormal Accumulation of Desmin in Gastrocnemius Myofibers of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Koutakis Panagiotis , Miserlis Dimitrios , Myers Sara A. , Kim Julian Kyung-Soo , Zhu Zhen , Papoutsi Evlampia , Swanson Stanley A. , Haynatzki Gleb , Ha Duy M. , Carpenter Lauren A. , McComb Rodney D. , Johanning Jason M. , Casale George P. , Pipinos Iraklis I.
Published: January 2015

Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) develop a myopathy in their ischemic lower extremities, which is characterized by myofiber degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired limb function. Desmin, a protein of the cytoskeleton, is central to maintenance of the structure, shape and function of the myofiber and its organelles, especially the mitochondria, and to translation of sarcomere contraction into muscle contraction. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that disruption of the desmin network occurs in gastrocnemius myofibers of PAD patients and correlates with altered myofiber morphology, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired limb function. Using fluorescence microscopy, we evaluated desmin organization and quantified myofiber content in the gastrocnemius of PAD and control patients. Desmin was highly disorganized in PAD but not control muscles and myofiber content was increased significantly in PAD compared to control muscles. By qPCR, we found that desmin gene transcripts were increased in the gastrocnemius of PAD patients as compared with control patients. Increased desmin and desmin gene transcripts in PAD muscles correlated with altered myofiber morphology, decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced calf muscle strength and decreased walking performance. In conclusion, our studies identified disruption of the desmin system in gastrocnemius myofibers as an index of the myopathy and limitation of muscle function in patients with PAD.
Los barrios populares y el desarrollo de la ciudad: Montevideo y su área metro: Montevideo y su área metropolitana POPULAR NEIGHBORHOOD AND CITY DEVELOPMENT Mont
Authors: Magri Díaz Altair Jesica
Published: January 2015

Observado desde el factor vivienda, Montevideo y su área metropolitana avanzan en un modelo que impulsa el desarrollo en la ciudad y no el desarrollo de la ciudad. En este proceso, se encuentran las maneras de incidir en la estructura urbano-habitacional a través de estrategias públicas, de mercado y sociales. Cada sector expresa sus aspiraciones y desarrolla capacidades para llevar a cabo sus intereses, componiendo un escenario que desafía las orientaciones de integración y cohesión urbana que los gobiernos progresistas pretenden impulsar. El AMM expresa con intensidad el predominio de una relación funcional económica por sobre aspectos políticos y sociales.
Design and implementation of data collection module for WSN application
Authors: Markova Valentina , Trifonova Teodora , Draganov Venceslav
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the design and implementation of universal low cost data collection module (DCM), which is an essential part of remote monitoring system based on wireless sensor network. The proposed module expands the capabilities of a measuring node for collecting data from greater number of sensors. The DCM includes four parts: one group multiplexers for data acquisition, second group multiplexers for power management, voltage to current converters and DC/DC converters. The universal DC/DC converters provide autonomous power supply for the sensors and the multiplexers, which can be turned on or off for a certain period of time. The data collecting, monitoring and logging functions are realized through a LabVIEW project.The proper operation and the reliable performance of the system were proved by practical experiment. The proposed module makes the WSN-based system a versatile solution for a variety of monitoring applications.
Basis epistemologi dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Hanafi Imam
Published: January 2015

In epistemology, Islam has a concept that is established more in translating science integration. When a Muslim does a scientific activity, then he should depart from the basic intentions and intrinsic motivation that comes out of the deepest conscience to meet the guidance of Allah. So that between science and con-science is a unity and totality that lead to the soul of rabbaniyyat. While we are developing and exploring the concept of theoretical and practical, we must not just stop at the fact but also the fact behind thefact at the time of spiritual or metaphysical sense expressed in each statement of physics.Secara epistemologi, Islam mempunyai sebuah konsep yang lebih mapan dalam menterjemahkan integrasi ilmu. Ketika seorang muslim melakukan aktivitas keilmuannya, maka semestinya ia berangkat dari dasar niat dan motivasi intrinsiknya yang keluar dari hati nurani (conscience) yang paling dalam untuk memenuhi aturanaturan Allah. Sehingga antara science dan con-science merupakan satu kesatuan dan totalitas yang bermuara pada jiwa rabbaniyyat. Ketika mengembangkan dan menggali konsep teoritis dan praksis, semestinya tidak hanya berhenti pada the fact tetapi juga the fact behind the fact, pada saat mengemukakan makna ruhani ataumetafisika pada setiap pernyataan fisika.
Re-interpretasi hadis Tarbawi tentang kebolehan memukul anak didik
Authors: Imron Ali
Published: January 2015

In addition to offering a new interpretation of hadis that allows violence in the prayer education also shows that the main spirit as the practice of the prophet is prioritizing education by wise and gentle demeanor, not violence. Here it is also proved that, in practice, the Prophet never used force in educating his Companions, but rather gently proved and profound influence in the their souls. Interpretasi baru atas hadis yang membolehkan kekerasan dalam pendidikan shalat juga menunjukkan bahwa spirit utama sebagaimana praktik nabi adalah pendidikan yang lebih mendahulukan sikap arif dan lemah lembut, bukan kekerasan. Di sini tampaklah jelas bahwa, dalam praktiknya, nabi tidak pernah menggunakan kekerasan dalam mendidik para sahabatnya, tetapi justru dengan lemah lembut,dan terbukti membawa pengaruh mendalam dalam jiwa mareka.
Menangkal radikalisme agama di sekolah
Authors: Munip Abdul
Published: January 2015

It is undeniable that some of Indonesian Muslims understand Islam in radicalismperspective. They used several of means to disseminate this radicalism throughorganization of cadres, speeches in mosques are managed by their control, publishing magazines, booklets and books, and through various websites on the internet. As a result, Islamic radicalism has entered the most schools in some areas. If this is not immediately anticipated, it can help in growing the intolerance attitudes among students as opposed to the purpose of religious education itself. Tak bisa dipungkiri bahwa banyak umat Muslim Indonesia memahami Islam dalam perspektif radikalisme. Mereka menggunakan beberapa cara untuk menyebarkan radikalisme ini melalui organisasi kader, ceramah di masjid-masjid yang dikelola dengan kendali mereka, penerbitan majalah, booklet dan buku, dan melalui berbagai situs di internet. Akibatnya, radikalisme Islam telah memasuki sebagian besar sekolah di beberapa daerah. Jika hal ini tidak segera diantisipasi, maka dapat membantu dalam menumbuhkan sikap intoleransi di kalangan siswa yang bertentangan dengan tujuan pendidikan agama itu sendiri.
Reinventing nilai-nilai Islam, budaya, dan Pancasila dalam pengembangan pendidikan karakter
Authors: Mukhibat Mukhibat
Published: January 2015

Character education has become an important part of the national education system for character education has been positioned to be one step for curing social illness. However,it is still asked about what the content and process that will be done by the leaders of educational character of this nation. The moral values which are to be developed in the educational character of the nation of Indonesia consist of religious values, cultural values, and the values of Pancasila. Those are character educations which can be regarded as an authentic or specific character education in Indonesia.Pendidikan karakter telah menjadi bagian penting dari sistem pendidikan nasional karena pendidikan karakter telah diposisikan menjadi salah satu langkah untuk menyembuhkan penyakit sosial. Namun demikian, masih perlu dipertanyakan apa sesunggunya isi dan proses, yang hendak dijalankan oleh para pemimpin pendidikan karakter bangsa ini. Nilai ideal yang dikembangkan dalam pendidikan karakter Indonesia terdiri dari nilai agama, budaya dan nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila. Pendidikan karakter yang seperti itulah yang bisa dikatakan sebagai susuatu yang otentik atau khas pendidikan karakter Indonesia.
Struktur politik dan deradikalisasi pendidikan agama bagi anak muda di Indonesia
Authors: Ahnaf Mohammad Iqbal
Published: January 2015

This paper addresses the issue of youth succeptability to radicalization that has been a major concern since report finding suggesting high number of youth support and participation in radical group. Using political opportunity theory in social movement studies, this paper discusses the macro context of radicalization among youth. It shows that changes of social and political landscape in Indonesia has motivated the shift of focus of Islamist movement toward mobilization at the social level as an alternative to failing political activism in parliament. In addition to this macro context, this paper illustrates the forms of social millie in schools that are critical to radicalization in schools. It concludes that the key to radicalization in school does not parimarily lay in religious teaching curricullum, but on condition and activities outside classroom that allow transmision of radical naratives among students.Banyaknya anggota kelompok radikal yang berusia muda memunculkan pertanyaan tentang kerentanan pengaruh ideologi radikal di kalangan anak muda. Tulisan ini menjelaskan konteks makro berupa lanskap sosial-politik di Indonesia yang memungkinkan terjadinya transmisi ideologi radikal di kalangan anak muda. Menggunakan teori gerakan sosial, konteks makro ini diidentifikasi sebagai struktur peluang politik (political opportunity structure) yang memberi ruang bagi mobilisasi
Pesantren dan pendidikan perdamaian
Authors: Masamah Ulfa
Published: January 2015

Surakarta was a city which had high intensity of religious social conflict that has to be managed as well as possible, transformed, and developed a peace. This research is about the roles of Pesantren of Al Muayyad Windan in which its capability to transform the conflict in Surakarta. The research findings showed that religious conflict transformation that could be done and based on the principle of the admission existence and the empowerment existence. The principles were based on the theology that was percepted and become as the motivation to do social changes, and developed the transformative Islam unto the multiculturalism. Surakarta adalah kota yang memiliki intensitas konflik sosial keagamaanyang tinggi dan harus dikelola dengan sebaik-baiknya, diubah, dan dibangunperdamaian. Penelitian ini tentang peranan Pesantren Al Muayyad Windan gunamengubah konflik di Surakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi konflik agama dapat dilakukan dasarkan pada prinsip adanya penerimaan dan keberadaan pemberdayaan. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut didasarkan pada teologi yang dipersepsikan dan dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk melakukan perubahan sosial, dan mengembangkan transformatif Islam dalam multikulturalisme.
Epistemologi kurikulum pendidikan sains
Authors: Humaidi Humaidi
Published: January 2015

Curriculum is used as well as the way, plans, rules, teaching materials, and guidelines in the learning process. It is also meaningful as a map of reality. Curriculum is similar as a road map and a map of the world that becomes a guidance and direction for people who are traveling. Curriculum is a map of reality because it becomes a clue, for example, any form of reality and physical, metaphysical, mathematical, social-that can be reviewed and learnt by humans. As a map, it serves as a guideline to observe, to read, and to review some forms. In addition, the curriculum can be functioned and used as a tool by people to actualize their potency, so they can be professional in education.Kurikulum digunakan selain sebagai cara, rencana, aturan-aturan, bahan pelajaran,dan pedoman dalam proses pembelajaran, ia juga bermakna sebagai peta realitas.Kurikulum diibaratkan seperti peta jalan dan peta dunia yang menjadi petunjuk dan arah bagi orang yang sedang melakukan perjalanan. Kurikulum menjadi peta realitas karena ia menjadi petunjuk, misalnya realitas dan wujud apa saja –fisik,metafisik, matematik, sosial- yang dapat dikaji dan dipelajari oleh manusia. Sebagi peta, ia berfungsi sebagai penunjuk arah untuk melihat, membaca, dan mengkaji wujud-wujud . Di samping itu, kurikulum dapat berfungsi dan digunakan sebagai alat oleh manusia untuk mengaktualkan potensi-potensinya, sehingga mereka dapat menjadi profesional dalam pendidikan
Multicultural education development; Phylosophy and implementation
Authors: Yaqin M. Ainul
Published: January 2015

The discussion over the idea of multicultural education has never been finished. Multicultural education is an educational philosophy and practical educational strategy that has been well developed in United States. It has been being developed in some countries, and so is Indonesia. The American schools have been developed and implemented the idea of multicultural education and the American government has supported them by giving multicultural values on education policies. In some Indonesian schools, it has also been tried to apply multicultural education, but there are some problems in developing and implementing it, because of the lack of experience in it and the supports from government.Pembahasan atas gagasan pendidikan multikultural tidak pernah selesai. Pendidikan multikultural adalah Filsafat Pendidikan dan Strategi Pendidikan Praktis yang telah berkembang dengan baik di Amerika Serikat. Hal ini telah dikembangkan di beberapa negara, dan begitu juga Indonesia. Sekolah-sekolah di Amerika telah dikembangkan dan diterapkan gagasan pendidikan multikultural dan pemerintah Amerika memberikan dukungan dengan menempatkan nilai-nilai multikultural pada kebijakan pendidikan mereka. Di beberapa sekolah-sekolah di Indonesia juga telah dicoba penerapan pendidikan multikultural, tetapi terdapat banyak persoalan di dalam pengembangan dan penerapannya, karena kurangnya pengalaman dalam pengembangannya dan dukungan dari pemerintah.
Relasi pendidikan dan moralitas dalam konsumsi media; Perspektif filsafat pendidikan Islam
Authors: Abror Robby Habiba
Published: January 2015

Philosophy of Islamic education, as a branch of philosophy, is a very important role for critics, some scientists, and national generations to become good learners as well as good and high moral educators. Strong capital religion should always be accompanied by criticism that no longer exist of stagnation thinking or apologetic attitude . The role of educators. in criticizing the media is very important. Moreover, Islamic education should be paid more attention, and critical attitude towards the invasion of media. Because the (bad) influence of media can be quickly entered into our living space, into our subconscious, to act like what is desired by the latter media. Media that is out of control, must have already become a mouth piece of capitalism , or it is a capitalist regime itself. Filsafat pendidikan Islam, sebagai cabang dari filsafat, yang sangat penting fungsinya bagi para kritisi, para cendekia, dan tunas bangsa ini untuk menjadi pembelajar sekaligus pendidik yang baik dan bermoral. Modal kuat agama seharusnya senantiasa dibarengi dengan kritisisme sehingga tidak lagi ada kejumudan berpikir ataupun sikap apologetik. Peran pendidik dalam mengkritisi media sangat penting. Bahkan, pendidikan Islam haruslah diperhatikan, dan kritis terhadap media. Sebab, pengaruh (buruk) media bisa cepat masuk ke dalam kehidupan kita, ke alam bawah sadar kita, untuk bertindak seperti apa yang dikehendaki oleh media.Media yang tidak terkontrol dapat menjadi penyambung lidah kapitalisme, atau ia adalah rezim kapitalis itu sendiri.
Mixed Equilibrium in a Pure Location Game: The Case of n≥4$$n \ge 4$$ Firms
Authors: Ewerhart Christian
Published: January 2015

The Hotelling game of pure location allows interpretations in spatial competition, political theory, and strategic forecasting. In this paper, the doubly symmetric mixed-strategy equilibrium for
Multilocus methylation defects in imprinting disorders
Authors: Mackay Deborah J.G. , Eggermann Thomas , Buiting Karin , Garin Intza , Netchine Irène , Linglart Agnès , de Nanclares Guiomar Perez
Published: January 2015

Mammals inherit two complete sets of chromosomes, one from the father and one from the mother, and most autosomal genes are expressed from both maternal and paternal alleles. In imprinted genes, the expression of the allele is dependent upon its parental origin. Appropriate regulation of imprinted genes is important for normal development, with several genetic diseases associated with imprinting defects. A common process for controlling gene activity is methylation. The first steps for understanding the functions of DNA methylation and its regulation in mammalian development have led us to identify common (epi)genetic mechanisms involved in the eight human congenital imprinting disorders.
Application of real-time PCR of sex-independent insertion-deletion polymorphisms to determine fetal sex using cell-free fetal DNA from maternal plasma
Authors: Yee Ho Sherry Sze , Barrett Angela , Thadani Henna , Asibal Cecille Laureano , Koay Evelyn Siew-Chuan , Choolani Mahesh
Published: January 2015

Prenatal diagnosis of sex-linked disorders requires invasive procedures, carrying a risk of miscarriage of up to 1%. Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) present in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from maternal plasma offers a non-invasive source of fetal genetic material for analysis. Detection of Y-chromosome sequences in cfDNA indicates presence of a male fetus; in the absence of a Y-chromosome signal a female fetus is inferred. We aimed to validate the clinical utility of insertion-deletion polymorphisms (INDELs) to confirm presence of a female fetus using cffDNA.

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the Y-chromosome-specific sequence,

Fetal sex was correctly determined in 77/82 (93.9%) cfDNA samples.

We have validated a non-invasive prenatal test to confirm fetal sex as early as 6 gestational weeks using cffDNA from maternal plasma.
Sortase-mediated backbone cyclization of proteins and peptides
Authors: van ’t Hof Wim , Maňásková Silvie Hansenová , Veerman Enno C.I. , Bolscher Jan G.M.
Published: January 2015

Backbone cyclization has a profound impact on the biological activity and thermal and proteolytic stability of proteins and peptides. Chemical methods for cyclization are not always feasible, especially for large peptides or proteins. Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus sortase A shows potential as a new tool for the cyclization of both proteins and peptides. In this review, the scope and background of the sortase-mediated cyclization are discussed. High efficiency, versatility, and easy access make sortase A a promising cyclization tool, both for recombinant and chemo-enzymatic production methods.
Study of Two Catalyst Configurations under Microwave Irradiation for the Selective Benzaldehyde Production over Co-ZSM-11 and Fe-ZSM-11
Authors: Azzolina Jury F. , Polaert I. , Pierella L.B. , Estel L.
Published: January 2015

Intensification process by the use of microwave heating was investigated by testing two catalyst configurations on the selective styrene oxidation for benzaldehyde production. The oxidation reaction was studied over Co-ZSM-11 and Fe-ZSM-11 catalysts. Their catalytic activity was evaluated by using these catalysts in two different forms: compacted pellets and fine particles. Thus, two reaction systems were studied under microwave: a batch system with fine particles in suspension (system 1) and a recirculating batch liquid through a fixed bed system comprising the compact catalyst pellets (system 2). Despite a better microwave interaction with the catalyst in the pellet form, the fixed bed configuration did not lead to a significant intensification of the process. At 60°C, the styrene molar conversions by using Co-ZSM-11 catalyst were found to be 33% and 3% for systems 1 and 2, respectively. With fine particles, the catalytic activity was higher since the styrene oxidation was able to occur without significant internal diffusional resistance of the reagents toward the active acid sites of the zeolite structure.
Balancing Score Adjusted Targeted Minimum Loss-based Estimation
Authors: Lendle Samuel David , Fireman Bruce , van der Laan Mark J.
Published: January 2015

Adjusting for a balancing score is sufficient for bias reduction when estimating causal effects including the average treatment effect and effect among the treated. Estimators that adjust for the propensity score in a nonparametric way, such as matching on an estimate of the propensity score, can be consistent when the estimated propensity score is not consistent for the true propensity score but converges to some other balancing score. We call this property the balancing score property, and discuss a class of estimators that have this property. We introduce a targeted minimum loss-based estimator (TMLE) for a treatment-specific mean with the balancing score property that is additionally locally efficient and doubly robust. We investigate the new estimator’s performance relative to other estimators, including another TMLE, a propensity score matching estimator, an inverse probability of treatment weighted estimator, and a regression-based estimator in simulation studies.
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Weld Deposited Co-Cr-Mo Alloy
Authors: Mantrala Mallik Kedar , Ch Srinivasa Rao , V. V. S. Kesava Rao
Published: January 2015

Co-Cr-Mo alloy samples were deposited using arc welding process with optimum parameters of deposition. The samples were tested for their hardness, XRF, wear resistance and microstructures. The results were compared with the laser deposited samples and cast samples from literature. The experimental results revealed that the hardness of the weld deposits was inferior to as-cast samples as well as the laser deposited samples. But the wear resistance of the weld deposited samples was compatible with laser deposited samples. Metal to metal contact Pin on Disc wear resistance test was conducted. The XRF results were in agreement with results of as-cast samples. Scanning electron microscopy was used for microstructure analysis. Thorough investigation was made to compare the microstructures of the weld deposits with laser deposited and as-cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy samples.
Multioptimization in a Cellular Manufacturing System Having Stochastic Parameters Considering Pricing
Authors: Salarian Reza , Fazlollahtabar Hamed
Published: January 2015

A mathematical model is developed to formulate a cellular manufacturing system with uncertain parameters. In this work, the processing times and demands are stochastic and estimated via expected value and standard deviation after sampling process. The objectives of the proposed mathematical model are to configure machines’ layout in cells so that the inter-cell and intra-cell movements are minimized, the bottlenecks are breakthrough and the profit is increased. Finally, the profit is maximized due to decreasing production cost. The applicability of the proposed mathematical program is illustrated using numerical examples. With respect to the large amount of computational efforts in larger sized problem, a heuristic methodology is developed as solution approach. The properties of the proposed heuristic method are the novel search algorithm and the allocation methodology.
A Novel Weighted Energy Efficient Routing and Spectrum Assignment Algorithm in Flexible Optical Networks
Authors: Zhao Jijun , Yao Qiuyan , Ren Danping , Li Wei , Zhang Nawa
Published: January 2015

The network resource utilization efficiency is limited by the rigid nature of the current wavelength-routed optical networks. The recently proposed flexible optical network can allocate the spectral resources adaptively according to the traffic demand. Meanwhile, the transmission quality has always been a main objective during the routing process in optical networks. Recently, the energy efficiency has also been a hot topic because of the energy consumption problem. In this paper, we propose a novel weighted energy efficient routing and spectrum assignment scheme based on the designed quality of transmission (QoT)-energy estimation model in which the physical impairments and energy consumption are given consideration to two or more things. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can make a better balance between the quality of service (QoS) and energy efficiency.
Hyperthyroidism hidden by congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Fox Danya A. , Weese-Mayer Debra E. , Wensley David F. , Stewart Laura L.
Published: January 2015

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare neurocristopathy with severe central hypoventilation. CCHS results from a mutation in the paired-like homeobox 2B gene (
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: a rare pediatric brain disease
Authors: Farrell Ryan M. , Foster Michael B. , Omoruyi Adetokunbo O. , Kingery Suzanne E. , Wintergerst Kupper A.
Published: January 2015

We report a 9-year-old female who presented with new onset intractable seizure activity followed by a prolonged encephalopathic state. After ruling out common etiologies, Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) was considered, and antibody levels to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin were both markedly elevated in her serum. She was euthyroid at the time of presentation. Upon treatment with high dose methylprednisolone, the patient demonstrated a significant improvement in her encephalopathy. The diagnosis of HE requires strong clinical suspicion with evidence of antithyroid antibodies, as well as an encephalopathy not explained by another etiology. While well documented in the adult literature, only a handful of pediatric cases have been described to date. Patients with HE have a nearly universal response to high dose glucocorticoids. HE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient, adult or pediatric, who displays prolonged, unexplainable encephalopathy.
The c.301_302delAG PROP1 gene mutation in Romanian patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency
Authors: Lazea Cecilia , Grigorescu-Sido Paula , Popp Radu , Legendre Marie , Amselem Serge , Al-Khzouz Camelia , Bucerzan Simona , Creţ Victoria , Crişan Mirela , Brad Cristian
Published: January 2015

To establish the frequency of the c.301_302 delAG mutation of the

Somatic assessment, hormonal test, bone age, magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland, and molecular diagnosis were performed in 26 patients with MPHD (7 patients with familial form of MPHD and 19 patients with sporadic form of MPHD).

The c.301_302delAG mutation was detected in the homozygous state in 10 patients belonging to 5 unrelated families (7 patients with familial history of MPHD and 3 patients with sporadic form of MPHD). Those 10 patients presented variable pituitary hormone deficiency and pituitary morphology.

The c.301_302delAG homozygous genotype had a high frequency of 38% (10/26), reaching 100% (7/7) in group with familial cases of MPHD and 16% (3/19) in group with sporadic forms of MPHD.
An increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romanian children aged 0 to 17 years
Authors: Serban Viorel , Brink Stuart , Timar Bogdan , Sima Alexandra , Vlad Mihaela , Timar Romulus , Vlad Adrian
Published: January 2015

The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus may provide insights into the pathogenesis of the disease.

The aim of this work was to characterize the trend of the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Romanian children aged from 0 to 17 years over a 10-year interval.

Data regarding new cases were obtained from two sources: (1) The Romanian Childhood Diabetes Registry and (2) Records of the Medical Center “Cristian Serban”, Buzias. The demographic data were retrieved from the National Institute for Statistics. The incidence was calculated for the age groups 0–4, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–17 years.

A total of 3196 new cases, aged below 18 years, were found by both the sources. There were significant differences between the groups (p=0.012), the mean incidence being highest in the age group 10–14 years (9.6/100,000/year, 95% CI 9–10.1) and lowest in children aged from 0 to 4 years (4.8/100,000/year, 95% CI 4.4–5.3). Boys were slightly more frequently affected than girls (p=0.038). The age and gender adjusted incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus increased significantly (p<0.001) from 6.2/100,000/year (95% CI 5.5–6.9) in 2002 to 9.3/100,000/year (95% CI 8.4–10.3) in 2011. The raise in incidence was noticed in all age groups except for 15–17 years.

Romania is a country with an intermediate incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children, which is slightly higher in boys than in girls. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus increased continuously during the 10-year survey, with the exception of the oldest teens.