bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Force and Gait Mechanics at Reduced Body Weight on a Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill
Authors: Phillips Julia P. , Gudiseva Eesha , Valladao Silvio Polly Da Costa , Andre Thomas
Published: February 2025

Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPT) have gained increasing attention due to their potential applications in sports training, rehabilitation, and biomechanics research. However, there is limited understanding of how differing body weight percentages influence gait and force production. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between force and gait parameters at different body weight percentages on a LBPPT. Twenty-seven healthy participants completed a series of walking, jogging, and running trials at three different body weight conditions: 100%, 90%, and 75%. Gait parameters, including cadence, stride length, stance time, and ground reaction force, were measured using the Digitsole Pro foot insoles and analyzed across the different conditions. Repeated measures ANOVA and pairwise comparisons were used to examine the effects of body weight percentage on the gait parameters. The results showed significant effects of BW on cadence, stride length, stance time, and impact force during running condition (p < 0.001). Jogging condition was significantly different across all % BW for all variables except ground reaction force (GRF). For walking, the only significant differences presented were for stride length on the right limb between 100% and 90% BW (p = 0.004) and 100% and 75% BW (p = 0.04) and time in stance on the left and right (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between the 100%, 90%, and 75% BW conditions for most gait parameters during jogging and running. These findings suggest that lower body weight percentages substantially influence gait mechanics and force production, especially as speed increases.
Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Buying Behaviour
Authors:   Sakthi College of Arts and Science for Women, Samundeeswari Dr.S. , Gokulavani Ms.T. ,   Sakthi College of Arts and Science for Women
Published: February 2025

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Digital marketing, understanding consumer buying behaviours is crucial for businesses aiming to enhance their market presence and drive sales. The study explores the intricate relationship between digital marketing strategies and consumer purchasing decisions, highlighting key factors the influence behaviour in the online marketplace. The research identifies critical elements such as personalization, social proof, and user experience that significantly impact consumer engagement and conversion rates. The types of research to specify whether the study is exploratory, distributed via college. This survey is used to measure consumer buying behaviour on consumer buying behaviour. Sample is selected on the basis of consumer buying behaviour. A total of 25 respondents at college students for the study. Furthermore, we analyse demographic variables, such as age, gender, and socio-economic status, to understand interact with digital marketing efforts. The findings campaigns that resonate with specific consumer segments can enhance brand loyalty and increase sales.
Pelatihan AI Untuk Literasi Digital Dan Ekonomi Desa Sidolego, Kecamatan Tabir Lintas, Kabupaten Merangin, Jambi
Authors: Setiadi Arif , Saputra Abe Wisnu , Ariantoro Tri Rizqi , Husni Akhmad Faisal , Siagian Saut , Saputra Abe Wisnu , Handini Nurul Sri
Published: February 2025

Sidolego Village, Tabir Lintas District, Merangin Regency has great potential for natural and human resources, but has not been optimally utilized due to limited digital knowledge and skills. This digitalization training aims to improve digital literacy in village communities and encourage village economic growth through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This training will cover basic digital materials, the use of AI for various village economic sectors (agriculture, animal husbandry, crafts, and so on), as well as digital marketing strategies. The training method used is a combination of lectures, discussions, case studies, and direct practice. The results obtained from this training are an increase in the understanding of village communities about digital technology and AI, as well as their ability to apply it to increase productivity and income. Of the 40 participants, 85% of participants showed an increase in understanding of the basic concepts of AI, information search 90% of participants were able to use AI to search for information effectively, content creation 75% of participants were able to create simple content with the help of AI and online communication 95% of participants felt more confident in communicating online after participating in the training. Ultimately, this training is expected to contribute to the realization of independent and competitive digital villages.
Kıraat-ı Aşere Usûlü ve Uygulamaları (Şâtibiyye ve Dürre Tarikleri)
Authors: Şan Lokman
Published: February 2025

Qiraat Procedure and Practices (Shatibiyya and Durrah Tariqs)rnIn this book, the methods of the imams of qiraat of Nafi‘, Ibn Kathir, Abu Amr, Ibn Amir, Asim, Hamza, Kisâî, Abu Ja‘far, Yaqûb and Khalaf al-Ashir, also known as the rules of qiraat according to the Shatibiyya and Durrahtariqs, are explained in detail. In the work, firstly, brief information about the lives of the imams and narrators of the relevant department was given, and then the rules of that imam or narrator were systematically discussed. At the end of the precepts, specific examples of practice are presented for the qiraat of each imam and narrator based on the first thirty-seven verses of Surah al-Fatiha and al-Baqarah, which is the first faction of the Qur’an. In the work, how to apply qiraat techniques such as Idgham, med, imâle, and taqlîl and under what conditions they are valid are explained with the support of the given diagrams. The work is especially aimed at people who are interested in the science of qiraat and presents the methods developed to alleviate the difficulties encountered during qiraat education and to shorten the process. In the study, “ifrâd” and “waqf and cem‘”. In the study, “ifrâd” and “waqf and cem‘” methods were applied together. This method proceeds as follows: Ifrâd Method: First of all, the procedures of each narrator are given one by one. Then, the qiraat of that narrator was shown in a diagram with the first faction of the Surahs of Fatiha and Baqarah. In the scheme, the method of “waqf and ifrâd” was used. Cem’ Metodu: In the second stage, the qiraats of two narrators of a qiraat imam were combined and shown on the diagram with the cem‘ tariq, that is, the method of combination. In this scheme, the method of “waqf and cem‘” was used. In this way, the different readings between the narrators were systematically compared and presented. This method allows readers to learn the kiraats both separately (ifrâd) and together (cem’). Considering the difficulty of teaching ten qiraat methods together during qiraat education, especially in our country, it will be more clearly understood that the method developed by this book aims to help students learn qiraats faster and more accurately.rnKeywords: Qiraat; Ifrâd; Indirâj; Shatibiyya; Durrah
Endülüs’te Tasavvufi Yorum -İbn Berrecân’ın Vahiy Anlayışı-
Authors: Görgün Halil İbrahim
Published: February 2025

Sufı Interpretatıon In Al-Andalus -Ibn Barrajan’s Understanding Of Revelation-rnThe book is divided into two sections, considering Ibn Barrajan’s worldview in the context of the concept of revelation. In the first section, the scholar’s life is touched upon in light of political discussions, and his scholarly personality is outlined by evaluating his works. Moreover, given that Ibn Barrajan was a multi-dimensional scholar, an overview of Andalusian religious thought is provided as a foundation for understanding his intellectual world. This part also shortly indicates the diversity of ideas, disciplines, and scholars in the Andalusian region. We evaluated the concept of revelation, which is the main subject of the book, in the second chapter. In addition, this concept is among the most important issues of the science of Tafsir. We focused on the idea of revelation, which is the introduction/conclusion to the activity of interpretation for Ibn Barrajan Ibn Barrajan regarded revelation as one of the types of existence along with the universe. In his terminology, the expression ”wujûdayn” (the two existences) signifies this idea. In exploring his understanding of revelation based on his works, we took an approach that encompasses his thoughts on existence and knowledge. Within this section, we systematically present the answers we found around key questions such as “What is revelation according to Ibn Barrajan?”, “With which concepts is revelation related?”, and “What is the relationship between man and revelation?” Therefore, we demonstrate that revelation is a concept interconnected with divine speech, the universe, divine names and attributes, and humanity within Ibn Barrajan’s thought. This book establishes that, from the scholar’s perspective, revelation as the Word of God was of central importance and that the idea of the Book of God encompassing all knowledge holds a foundational place. In al-Andalus, there were strong representatives of Sufism, and the notion of opposition to Sufism requires specific attention. Therefore, in al- Andalus, Sufism had representatives strong enough to be opposed by scholars with differing views. The thoughts and ideas of Ibn Barrajan are valuable in demonstrating the strength of the Sufi tradition. In addition, we may characterize his interpretation of the Qur’an not only as Sufi commentary but also as a theoretical/philosophical interpretation.rnKeywords: al-Andalus; Religious Thought; Sufi Interpretation; Divine Names; Revelation; Ibn Barrajan; Wujûdayn
İlk Tefsir Örneklerinden Kitâbu’l-Lugât fi’l-Kur’ân Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Aktaş Bayram
Published: February 2025

One of the First Examples of Tafsir a Revıew on Kıtābu’l-Lugāt fi’l-Qur’ānrnThe Holy Qur’an is the last link in the series of revelations presented to humanity by Allah Almighty. It is a unique book in the sense that it is the word of the Almighty, who has no equal and unique. It is the most popular book on earth, which is instrumental in worship with its words and meaning, which is instrumental in worship with its reading and listening. The exegesis activities that started with the Prophet, the first exegete, have continued for centuries, and the scholars of each century have written various books of exegesis to find the divine will in the Qur’an, like a drop from the sea, to the extent of human capacity. We have tried to analyze the Kitāb al-Lugāt fi’l-Qur’ān, which is one of the first examples of these activities and which was attributed to Abdullah Ibn Abbas, who is famous as “bahru al-tafsir” meaning the ocean of the science of tafsir, through his student Ata b. Abu Rabah, in terms of content and method. Our study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter, we touched upon the “Life and Scholarly Personality of Abdullah Ibn Abbas.” In the second chapter, we revealed the characteristics of Kitāb al-Lugāt fi al-Qur’ān. In the third chapter, “The Methods Followed in the Work” was identified and we concluded our book after the general evaluation in the conclusion. Our book stands out as the first study that deals with the content and methodology of Kitāb al-Lugāt fi al-Qur’ān, which is one of the first examples in the field of tafsīr and garib al-Qur’ān. Although Kitāb al-Lugāt fi al-Qur’ān is one of the earliest works in the field of tafsir and one of the first studies on the strange words in the Qur’ān whose meaning needs explanation, it has not received the attention it deserves. Our book is the first book on Kitāb al-Lugāt fi al-Qur’ān and focuses on its content and methodology.rnKeywords: Tafsir; Garīb al-Qur’an; Abdullah Ibn Abbas; Ata b. Abi Rabah; Review
Ahlâk-ı Nâsırî
Authors: Tûsî Nasîruddin
Published: February 2025

Ahlāq al-NāṣirīrnAhlāq al-Nāṣirī is a systematic book of ethics written by Nasiruddin al-Ṭūsī based on the book Tehzīb al-Akhlāq written by Ibn Miskawayh. The authors who wrote books on ethics after al-Ṭūsī took Ahlāq al-Nāṣirī as a model. The first chapter, Tezhīb al- Akhlāq deals with moral philosophy; the second chapter, Tedbīr al-menzil, with household management, economy and education; and the third chapter, Siyāset-i mudun, with political philosophy and state administration. In the principles section of the first chapter, which is translated into Turkish under the title Moral Education, the subject and principles of morality, the human soul and its powers, the characteristics that distinguish this soul from others, the superior position of humans in this world, the competence and deficiency of the human soul, what enables the soul to be competent, the good and happiness as the purpose of competence are discussed. In the second part titled Purposes, the definition, truth and changeability of temperament, moral education as the highest art, virtues that constitute good morals, vices that are the opposite of virtues, the difference between virtues and virtue-like states, the superiority of the virtue of justice, the order of acquiring virtues and the level of happiness, the protection of the health of the soul and the treatment of the diseases of the soul are examined. The second chapter, Household Management, deals with the necessity of a home, the rudiments of a home, the management of goods and food, the management of a spouse, the education of children, the respecting of the rights of parents, and the management of servants. The third chapter, State Management, examines the need for socialization, the nature and virtue of sociality, love, assembly and types of state, the management and rules of the sovereign, the management and manners of officials, friendship and enmity. The book ends with Plato’s recommendations. Although the book is written in a philosophical style, religious references, poetry and stories are used when necessary.rnKeywords: Morality, virtue, moral education, mental health, household management, state administration
Kur’an İsti̇smarı
Authors: Özdeş Talip
Published: February 2025

Abuse Of The QuranrnAs man is a being who can perform good and beautiful deeds on earth and build civilization, he is also a being who can shed blood, cause corruption, and oppress himself and others. Although many changes and developments have occurred in the tools used by humans, their relationships, their knowledge, their experiences, and the methods and procedures they follow and apply since the beginning of human life until today, there has been no fundamental change in their basic needs, natural characteristics, instincts, demands, and tendencies. The inherent weaknesses of the human soul and its ability to cause mischief have also shown themselves in the divine books that God has revealed to His prophets throughout history. Although the text of the Quran, the fundamental source of Islam, is the same everywhere, people’s approaches to it and their interpretations of it change, and sometimes these interpretations reach the point of distortion. Just as people can approach the book of Allah with good intentions, sincerity, devotion, and purity, they can also approach it to exploit it for their corrupt intentions, ideologies, policies, sects, prejudices, ambitions, and interests. From the early periods of Islamic history to the present day, the failure to place the relationship between religion and politics on the axis, and the power struggle has played an important role in the abuse of the Quran. The Quran has been abused by using it as a tool by those in power or those who take sides in the political arena to gain legitimacy for themselves through religion in their power struggle. The Quran has also been abused by some bodies to bind people to themselves through religion and create a sphere of domination for themselves to exploit them. Since the early periods of Islamic history, those who have abused the Quran for their interests have tried to make it speak in line with their understanding, thought, ideology, sect, and policies, and have tried to make the Quran say what they wanted to say. While doing this, the integrity of the Quran and the purposes of divine revelation were not observed, the Quran was approached in a completely literal, superficial, and fragmentary/ atomic manner, and verses and Quranic concepts were detached from their context. Likewise, the historical context in which the verses were revealed, their lively relationship with facts and events, the reasons for their revelation, and the environment in which they were addressed are also left out.rnKeywords: Quran, politics, power struggle, legitimacy, abuse
İslam Tari̇hi̇nde Bi̇r Dönüm Noktası Hudeybi̇ye Antlaşması
Authors: Özkan Mustafa
Published: February 2025

A Turning Point in Islamic History The Treaty of HudaybiyyahrnIt is possible to say that the Peace Treaty of Hudaybiyyah signed between Muslims and Meccan polytheists in 6 AH/628 AD was a turning point in Islamic history. The reason why this treaty was a turning point is because of its short-term and long-term consequences. For example, with the signing of this treaty, the Quraysh polytheists, who were the leaders of the opponents of Islam, recognized Muslims, whom they had not previously considered interlocutors, as a religious-political group for the first time. Likewise, with this treaty, the peaceful environment that Islam envisioned and Prophet Muhammad made great efforts to establish was created. With this peaceful environment, people or groups of different beliefs and cultures met and integrated. This also brought about a change in the misinformation and perception about Islam and the Prophet, and as a result, tens of thousands of people became Muslims. In addition, during the time when peace was in effect, Muslims enjoyed security of life and property, and had the opportunity to freely practice and spread their faith. Perhaps more importantly, thanks to the peaceful environment provided by the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Prophet Muhammad conquered Khaybar, which was a great danger for Muslims – where the Jews lived. He sent letters of invitation to Islam to a large number of heads of state, governors, tribal leaders and clergymen, whose number we have not yet determined, and in a way, ensured that Islam spread outside the Arabian Peninsula for the first time. Less than two years after the treaty, he conquered Mecca, which was the heart of the Peninsula. With the Year of Delegations that took place after the conquest of Mecca, Islam came to dominate the entire Arabian Peninsula. All these and similar developments are some of the results of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which the Quran describes as a clear victory and Islamic historians accept as a turning point.rnKeywords: Hudaybiyyah, Treaty, Peace, Prophet Muhammad, Preaching
Mü’min Kişiliğin Mânevî Oluşumu - Erken Dönem Mekkî Sûrelerde-
Authors: Şahin Eşref
Published: February 2025

Spiritual Formation of The Mu’min’s Personality in the Early Meccan SurahsrnThis research examines the process of “Spiritual Formation of the Mu’min’s Personality in the Early Meccan Surahs”. The aim of our research is to determine the spiritual formation of the mu’min’s personality through the understanding of knowledge, existence and value of İslâm in the Meccan surahs. The aim is to introduce the holistic approach of the Holy Qur’an in the process of human spiritual development. The research consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, the problem, rationale, purpose, importance, scope, methods and sources of the research and information about the literatüre related to the research are presented. In the first chapter, the environment of the revelation, its process and human education are discussed. In the second chapter, the ontological, epistemological and moral structure of the mushriks mentality was introduced. In the third part, the ontological and epistemological structure of the mu’min’s personality is analyzed within the framework of the information contained in the early Meccan surahs. In the fourth part, the moral structure of the mu’min’s personality built on this ground is discussed. In the conclusion, the findings of our research are given. In this context, it has been determined that the mushriks had an understanding of existence and knowledge, and that this understanding affected their attitudes towards revelation and their moral structures. It has also been observed that the Qur’an does not neglect any of the issues of God, universe, human, knowledge, existence, value in the spiritual formation of the mu’min’s personality and reveals how the correct approach should be in these areas. It is thought that our research will contribute to the efforts to understand the Qur’an al-Karim with its findings on the theoretical and practical construction process of the first generation who were the addressees of the Qur’an al-Karim.rnKeywords: Spiritual Purification; Spiritual Development; Sufism; Mushrik Mentality; Knowledge; Existence; Value; Heart; Nafs; Revelation
Ibn Taymiyyah’s Criticism of the Aristotelian Logic
Authors: Rayan Sobbi
Published: February 2025

Ibn Taymiyyah’s Criticism of the Aristotelian LogicrnIn his book al-Radd ‘ala al-Mantiqiyyin (Refutation of the Greek Logicians), Ibn Taymiyyah focuses on three main issues: logical definition, logical proposition, and syllogism. He attempts to disprove these issues and show their contradictions, reaching the conclusion that logic is a non-beneficial science and thereby introducing a measuring representation as an alternative science to logic. There is no doubt that this criticism has great scientific value and philosophical dimensions that influenced the centrality of logic in different fields of knowledge, which has governed human knowledge since Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Understanding religious motives behind the criticism of logic contributes to the comprehension of the psychological and cognitive context of this criticism and reveals Ibn Taymiyyah’s intellectual and ideological structures, such as Divine qualities, innateness (fitra) and reason, and demonstrates their relationship with logic. It also analyses and criticizes Ibn Taymiyyah’s perception of these concepts. Ibn Taymiyyah’s criticism focused on denouncing the metaphysical foundations of logic, such as holistic logic and entity as theyare considered intellectual perceptions that do not exist on the outside. Ibn Taymiyyah adopted the Qiyās that is founded on objects that exist on the outside which are adopted as evidence during the partial-to-partial transition, or through analogy through analogy between event to event. Here Ibn Taymiyyah agrees with the experimental philosophy that originated in the West centuries later, which rejected the formal imaginary logic and developed the extrapolation-derived analogy approach.rnKeywords: Ibn Taymiyyah; Logic; Aristotle; Philosophy; Syllogism; Definition
Azmi Bişara’nın Milliyetçilik Düşüncesinin Eleştiris
Authors: Rayan Sobhi
Published: February 2025

Critique of Azmi Bishara’s Nationalist ThoughtrnAzmi Bishara’s project to revive the idea of nationalism is a continuation of the efforts of Arab nationalists who began their nationalist activities at the end of the 19th century. This movement was influenced by the rise of Turkish nationalism and coincided with the weakening of the Ottoman Empire.rnBishara builds his project on the foundation of the Western model of the modern state, which is based on secular and Western modernist principles. He chooses liberal democracy as the system of governance and aims to apply the Western model to the modern Arab state. Bishara criticizes the current Arab regimes for not implementing the Western model, which he believes has led to violent crises that threaten their stability and hinder their progress in terms of development and modernization.rnThe book aims to critique the fundamental assumptions underlying Bishara’s nationalist project. These assumptions can be summarized as follows:rn1. The modern state is the best model in the history of governance systems.rn2. Secularism and Western modernity have led humanity from darkness to light and have established a new concept of the individual as the master of himself, the legislator, and the ruler.rn3. Citizenship as a common bond between rulers and the ruled, regarded as a contract between both parties, whose essence is rights and duties.rnKeywords: Azmi Bishara, Nationalism, Secularism, Modern state, Arabic state, Arab regimes.
Tefsir Yorumlama Yöntemleri (tahlîlî/analitik – İcmâlî/özsel – Mukâren/karşılaştırmalı – Mevzûî/konulu)
Authors: Kaya Aykut
Published: February 2025

The Methods of Qur’ānic Interpretation (Analytical- Comparative- Compendium/İjmālī- Thematic)rnThis study deals with some of the methods used in the understanding and interpretation of the Qur’ān from history to the present day. These methods are examined chronologically under four main headings: Analytical, Comparative, Compendium/ İjmālī, Thematic. The research discusses in detail the conceptual framework of each of these methods, their historical development, their characteristics, the stages they follow in research and their points of criticism. The book aims to fill the academic gaps in tafsīr methods and guide researchers on these issues. The most ancient of the methods, the tahlīlīlī/ Analytical exegesis method utilizes linguistic analysis, historical context, and narrations to explain the Qur’ān in detail in the order of the al-Musḥaf. This method forms the basis of classical exegesis and aims at a deep understanding of the Qur’ān. The Compendium/ İjmālī method of exegesis focuses on concise explanations of verses and suras, emphasizes the main message of the verses, and establishes a close relationship between the verse and daily life. The method of Comparative tafsīr enriches the interpretation of verses by comparing different views that exist in the heritage of tafsīr. The thematic method of exegesis analyzes a specific topic based on the unity of the Qur’ān and the time of its revelation. This method, which has become systematized in the contemporary period, offers answers to problems that arise in close relation to everyday life from the perspective of the Qur’ān. The study was carried out based on the literature review, document review and analysis method of the qualitative research method, which is one of the social sciences research methods in general. Therefore, although each topic has been covered primarily in a descriptive style, our subjective approaches to the subject have been included where necessary. It has been determined that interaction with different civilizations and cultures, social and political events, and theological and sectarian conflicts played a major role in the emergence and application of different methods of Qur’ānic interpretation, along with the idea of meeting the needs of the period. This indicates that alternative methods of Qur’ānic interpretation may be developed in the future as these conditions change. The only way to develop healthy methods of interpretation is to examine the existing ones sufficiently.rnKeywords: Tafsīr; Analytical; Comparative; Compendium/İjmālī; Thematic; Method
Maveraünnehir’den Anadolu’ya Hadis ve İlim/İrfan Geleneği
Authors: Erkocaaslan Recep , Çelik Ercan , Arslan Ahmet Serdar , Çelikkol Hüseyin
Published: February 2025

Hadith and the Tradition of Science and Knowledge From Maveraunnehir to AnatoliarnMaveraunnehir, was an important center for the spread and development of sciences in the Islamic world. The region draws attention as a geography that both intensifies the interaction between civilizations and paves the way for the development of various scientific disciplines. Especially in the ninth and tenth centuries, in cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara, and Termez, important studies were carried out in mathematics, astronomy, medicine and philosophy in addition to works on Islamic sciences. The scholars who grew up in these lands made great contributions to both the deepening of Islamic thought and the transmission of scientific heritage to the next generations. The geography of Maveraunnehir constituted an important development area in both the theoretical and practical dimensions of Islamic sciences.rnThe transfer of this civilization to the Anatolian geography and the impact it left here was brought to the agenda again with the “International Symposium on Hadith and the Tradition of Science/Inspiration from Maveraunnehir to Anatolia” held at Çankırı Karatekin University on May 27-28, 2024. The symposium provided a wide international interaction with the participation of scientists from many countries such as Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Jor- dan, Iraq, Morocco, United Arab Emirates. In addition, over thirty scholars from Turkey presented papers. More than seventy papers presented in person and on- line at the Symposium shed light on the in-depth study of the scholarly and cultural heritage of the region.rnThis book, which contains forty-five full texts of the scholars who contributed to the symposium face-to-face and online from Turkey and abroad, which were deemed appropriate for publication by the editors, has been brought together as a scientific compilation. The papers are written in different languages and published in a single format, and the bibliographies of the authors are included in the book in their original form. This study has made an important contribution to understanding the historical and cultural ties by following the traces of the Maveraunnehir civilization.rnKeywords: Maveraunnehir, Anatolia, Hadith, Science, Knowledge
Sistem Toplum ve Din Niklas Luhmann’ın Sosyolojik Teorisi
Authors: Akgöl Betül
Published: February 2025

System Society And Religion Niklas Luhmann’s Sociological TheoryrnSociological theory is a crucial scientific necessity for the disciplines of sociology and the sociology of religion. In this context, various theories have been developed in both classical and contemporary sociology to explain society and religion. Among the most prominent sociologists of recent times, Niklas Luhmann stands out for developing one of the most comprehensive and systematic theories in sociology through his general systems theory. Drawing on multiple disciplines, Luhmann constructed a radical “super theory” that challenges traditional sociological approaches, aiming to explain society and social phenomena. Luhmann conceptualized the global society as a system and sought to analyze all social phenomena associated with this world society. He produced a universal theory applicable to all societies by developing conceptual abstractions and cognitive frameworks. According to Luhmann, modern society possesses a highly complex structure, and this hyper-complex society can only be explained through an equally complex theory. In this framework, modern society consists of functional subsystems forming the social system branches. Luhmann analyzed various social phenomena—such as education, economy, science, art, health, and law—within the context of these functional subsystems. Religion, by specializing in a specific function and gaining autonomy, has found its place in modern society. Luhmann examined the phenomenon of religion within the framework of systems theory and evaluated it from a systemic perspective. However, it can be argued that Luhmann has not yet received the recognition he deserves in academic circles. While the significance of his general systems theory has been acknowledged in some countries and various studies have been conducted for this purpose, the existing body of work is still not considered satisfactory. Similarly, the general systems theory remains relatively unknown in Turkey, which is seen as a shortcoming for Turkish sociology and the sociology of religion. This study aims to contribute to addressing this gap in Turkish sociology and sociology of religion literature.rnKeywords: Sociology of Religion; Niklas Luhman; General Systems Theory; Social Systems Theory; Theory of Religio;, Sociological Theory.
Assessing Azerbaijan's Preparedness for Transitioning to a Green Economy: A Legal Analysis of the "Green Customs" Concept
Authors: Haziyeva Sevil
Published: February 2025

In the previous year, the Republic of Azerbaijan hosted the prestigious international climate event - COP29 while simultaneously designating 2024 as the "Year of Solidarity for the Green World." These significant milestones prompt an essential inquiry into the preparedness of Azerbaijan's customs practices, particularly in its import-dependent economy: to what extent are Azerbaijan's customs regulations ready to facilitate a transition towards a “green” economy? This study examines the efforts made by Azerbaijan's customs authorities to align with green economic principles. It will look at the advantages and limitations of the current framework and conduct a comprehensive review of the Green Customs Action Plan developed by the World Customs Organization. The plan provides methodological guidance to member countries, and this study will scrutinize how well current customs practices in Azerbaijan adhere to this plan. In addition, the article assesses Azerbaijan's National Development Priorities to be accomplished by 2030 and outlines the steps customs authorities need to take to support sustainable development. Finally, the article thoroughly reviews current Azerbaijani legislation, outlining the necessary actions to progress "Green Customs" and suggesting potential opportunities for regional collaboration.
Alfred Kreymborg Federal Troubadour: Singing the Unsung Masses
Authors: Eisenhauer Drew
Published: February 2025

Despite his recognition as an important editor of modernist poetry and the acknowledgment of the significance of his early poetic plays performed with the Provincetown Players, scholarship about Alfred Kreymborg remains scarce, particularly his involvement with the FTP from 1934-1938. This paper is among the first efforts to recover this period of Kreymborg’s work, offering an initial exploration of the materials available in the National Archives and Records Administration and the Library of Congress. The present study discusses Kreymborg’s work both as writer and administrator for the Manhattan-Bronx unit of the FTP and offers the first critical analysis of his anti-capitalist ensemble verse-plays: America, America!: a Mass Recital (1934), Frank and Mr. Frankenstein (1934), and Privilege and Privation (1937). The paper also discusses Kreymborg’s application of his theatrical and political theories in a major production of W.H. Auden’s The Dance of Death (1936), undertaken as head of the Poetic Drama Unit in 1936.
Orson Welles et ses compositeurs : une cohésion sociale et politique autant qu’artistique
Authors: Thomas François
Published: February 2025

Pour ses quatre spectacles au sein du Federal Theatre en 1936-1937, le jeune Orson Welles collabore avec des représentants en pleine ascension de la musique moderne américaine: Virgil Thomson, Paul Bowles, Marc Blitzstein et Lehman Engel, tandis qu’il crée ailleurs un opéra pour chanteurs adolescents d’Aaron Copland. Dans les deux années suivant son départ du Federal Theatre, Welles s’adressera aux mêmes compositeurs pour une demi-douzaine d’autres spectacles. Son choix de ces musiciens, parfois inspiré par son producteur John Houseman, repose sur des raisons sociales et politiques autant que proprement musicales. Ces compositeurs font partie d’une constellation informelle à une époque où la musique américaine se veut collective: entraide, engagement à gauche, recherche d’un art américain dénué d’influence germanique. Aucun d’eux ne collaborera avec Welles au cinéma, mais certaines de leurs tendances stylistiques trouveront un prolongement dans les films du réalisateur mélomane.
A new genus and two new species of freshwater mussel Unioninae (Bivalvia: Unionida) endemic to Yunnan of SW China
Authors: Xiang Hong-Quan , Lu Yi-Zhi , He Yue-Ming , Li Chong-Ye
Published: February 2025

The ancient plateau lakes of Yunnan have long been known for their high diversity of mollusks. However, in recent times, human-induced pollution and habitat destruction have led to a severe decline in the diversity of Unionidae species. Since 2000, no living native Unionidae species have been discovered. This study, based on previous research records, conducted a comprehensive survey of the Unionidae species in the ancient plateau lakes of Yunnan. Only one living native freshwater mussel, Mimo guoliangi gen. nov. sp. nov., was found. Molecular analysis using mitochondrial, nuclear gene fragments (COI and 28S) and mitochondrial genome confirmed the species’ validity. Additionally, through morphological descriptions, this study identifies a possibly extinct species from Lake Fuxian: Mimo jiaoyue gen. nov. sp. nov.
Non-Compliance of Medication and Precipitating Factors Leading to Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Maria Naveen  , Ijaz ul Haq  , Maroof Hassan  , Uzair Aslam  , Muhammad Iftikhar Alam  , Atif Ahmed Khan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate medication non-compliance and its precipitating factors leading to acute heart failure among patients treated at the NICVD, Karachi, and identify socio-economic and demographic predictors of non-compliance. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 207 patients aged 18–80 years at the NICVD from January to December 2023. Demographic data, compliance levels, and socio-economic factors were collected. Non-compliance was assessed through patient interviews and clinical records. Chi-square tests and regression analyses were performed to determine associations, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Among the 207 patients, 60% were male, and the mean age was 55.3 years. Non-compliance was observed in 42% of patients, highest in the 40–60 age group (48%). Lower education (60% non-compliance in those below high school education, p = 0.03) and low income (50% non-compliance in low-income groups, p = 0.04) were significant predictors. Non-compliance was associated with increased hospital readmissions (57% vs. 35% in compliant patients, p = 0.01). Regression analysis showed that non-compliance likelihood increased by 2.5% per year of age, and patients with low literacy were 1.8 times more likely to be non-compliant. Conclusion: Medication non-compliance significantly impacts acute heart failure management, with socio-economic and demographic factors playing crucial roles. Strategies to improve health literacy and address financial barriers are essential to enhance adherence and reduce readmissions.
Postpartum Vesicovaginal Fistulas: Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Maliha Amjad  , Amna Rehman  , Umm-e-Habiba  , Adeeba Fatima  , Naveed  , Aisha Butt
Published: February 2025

Background: Postpartum vesicovaginal fistulas (VVFs) are a significant complication of childbirth, particularly in low-resource settings, leading to long-term physical and psychosocial challenges for affected women. Objective: This study aims to identify the key risk factors, assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and evaluate surgical treatment outcomes for postpartum VVFs. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Avicenna Hospital, Lahore, July to December 2024. A total of 123 women diagnosed with postpartum VVFs were included in the study. Data were collected through retrospective chart reviews and structured patient interviews. Key variables extracted from medical records included demographic information such as age, education level, and socioeconomic status. Results: The majority of the participants (72%) were multiparous, and 56% of cases were associated with obstructed labor. Women with inadequate antenatal care (28%) and those attended by non-skilled birth attendants (14%) had a significantly higher risk of developing VVFs. Surgical repair was successful in 85% of cases, with vaginal repair achieving an 80% success rate. Post-surgical complications, such as infections and urinary retention, were minimal, affecting 8% and 4% of the cases, respectively. A notable psychosocial impact was observed, with 65% of women reporting emotional distress and 59% experiencing social isolation due to the condition. Conclusions: Postpartum VVFs are strongly associated with obstructed labor, prolonged delivery, and inadequate antenatal care. Early intervention and skilled birth attendance are crucial for preventing VVFs.
The contribution of felt obligation towards managing counterproductive work behaviour among teachers in government secondary schools in Mityana district
Authors:   ,   Uganda Martyrs University, Wannema Gordon
Published: February 2025

This study was guided by three main objectives which are; to examine the degree of felt obligation among the secondary school teachers, to analyse the manifestation of counterproductive work behaviour among secondary school teachers, and finally to assess the relationship between felt obligation and counterproductive work behaviour. The study adopted a cross sectional design employing a mixed approach. Questionnaires were used for data collection in the quantitative approach, and interview guide was used for qualitative approach. The questionnaires were distributed to a target of 148 respondents and 113 were retrieved. Thus a response rate of 76.4% was realised. 22 participants participated in the qualitative study. The results showed that the level of felt obligation is not desirable given the response which showed that the participants could not certainly tell that whether the teachers demonstrated obligation for duty, loyalty and trust. It was also revealed that the institutions are still experiencing counterproductive work behaviours mainly relating to absenteeism, male teachers being engaged in sex with the female students, stealing of school item, and quarrels among the teachers. However it was indicated that the teachers cover-up most of the severe counterproductive behaviour such that it is hard to exactly identify the culprits. Finally, the correlation results indicate that felt obligation was positively related to manage counterproductive work behaviour. This means that a sense of felt obligation discourages people to be engaged in behaviours that harm the organisation or its people. Given the findings, secondary schools in Mityana should be observant to track the counterproductive behaviours that may exist but not openly indicated. The institutions need to record the most recurring counterproductive behaviours. Finally, the learning institutions should review the degree to which they fulfil the expectations of the teachers. This is so since fulfilment of the same is likely to place an obligation on employees who would then desist from being engaged in counterproductive work behaviours
Range of the Greater Bilby (Macrotis Lagotis) in the Pilbara Region, Western Australia
Authors: DZIMINSKI MARTIN A. , CARPENTER FIONA M. , MORRIS FRANK
Published: February 2025

Threatened greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) populations in the Pilbara Region, where their distribution has been poorly documented, represent the extreme north-western extent of the species. We generated an accurate range of the bilby in this region from confirmed recent and historical records and identified areas of uncertain status. Their range covers approximately the eastern half, or 48%, of the Pilbara IBRA bioregion and 52% of the wider Pilbara Region (bioregion plus a buffer of 300 km). The western boundary of this range stretches south-east from approximately 50 km west of Port Hedland to about 350 km beyond Newman. Their range extends east and south-east into the Great Sandy, Little Sandy and Gibson Deserts, as well as northwards into the Kimberley. This study provides an accurate range for impact assessment and management decisions, and confirms the Pilbara Region as an important area for the persistence of wild bilby populations. Areas to the west and south-west of the confirmed range have unreliable or older records of bilbies and require further targeted surveys to confirm their absence in these areas.
THE IMPACT OF FATHERS' INVOLVEMENT IN KANGAROO CARE ON NEWBORN: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW
Authors: Bhimani Anisa , Ali Anny Ashiq , Ali Nabila Salim , Ajaz Gulnar
Published: February 2025

Background: Kangaroo Care (KC), a skin-to-skin contact method, is a well-established neonatal care intervention that enhances physiological stability, neurodevelopment, and survival rates among preterm and low-birth-weight infants. While maternal involvement in KC is widely recognized, fathers’ participation remains limited due to cultural norms, logistical barriers, and inadequate support from healthcare providers. Increasing paternal involvement in KC may not only improve neonatal outcomes but also enhance fathers' emotional well-being and caregiving confidence. However, research on the extent and impact of fathers’ participation in KC remains underexplored.
Objective: To systematically review the literature on the impact of fathers’ involvement in KC in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), assess associated benefits and challenges, and identify gaps for future research.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for studies published within the last five years. Inclusion criteria were studies examining paternal KC involvement and its impact on neonatal and paternal outcomes. Exclusion criteria included studies focusing solely on maternal KC and those lacking empirical data. Selected studies underwent quality appraisal using standardized tools, and findings were synthesized thematically.
Results: The review identified 15 eligible studies. Fathers practicing KC reported a 70% reduction in stress and emotional detachment, while 80% experienced increased bonding with their infants. Preterm newborns receiving KC from fathers demonstrated an 85% improvement in physiological stability, 80% enhancement in thermoregulation, 78% increase in oxygen saturation, and 75% greater weight gain. Barriers included cultural constraints (75%), lack of awareness (70%), societal expectations (68%), and inadequate NICU accommodations (65%).
Conclusion: Fathers' participation in KC significantly benefits both newborns and caregivers. Overcoming existing barriers through targeted education, policy reforms, and father-friendly NICU environments can enhance neonatal care outcomes. Future research should focus on long-term developmental impacts and effective paternal engagement strategies.
Comparison of Unintended Pregnancy Rates between OCP and Injectable Contraceptive Users; A Prospective Cohort Study in Bahawalpur
Authors: Sarwat Faridi  , Mehwish Rasheed  , Khiaynat Sarwar Hashmi  , Aashir Mehmood  , Noreen Rasul  , Farhana Shabnam
Published: February 2025

Objective: To compare the rates of unintended pregnancies, adherence, and contraceptive usage patterns between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users and injectable contraceptive users in Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Methodology: A Prospective cohort study was conducted at family planning clinics from June 2022 to May 2023 on 400 women aged 20 to 45 years using OCPs or injectable methods for at least three months. Participants were followed for one year to assess adherence, method continuation, and unintended pregnancies through regular follow-ups. SPSS version 26 was applied for data analysis.
Results: The most of the participants were aged 18-30 years and belonged to middle or poor socio-economic classes, with no significant demographic differences between the groups. Adherence was significantly higher among injectable users (82%) compared to OCP users (64%) (p=0.001). The unintended pregnancy rate was also significantly lower among injectable users (1.5%) than OCP users (5.5%) (0.035), and injectable users had a higher proportion of short-term use (0-6 months) compared to OCP users (p=0.002).
Conclusion: Injectable contraceptives observed with higher adherence and lower unintended pregnancy rates than OCPs. More efforts are required to improve adherence to OCPs through patient education and adherence-support strategies.