bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ODNOS PREMA OBRAZOVANJU MUSLIMANKE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI OD AUSTROUGARSKE OKUPACIJE DO DANAS
Authors: Hatunic Ahmed
Published: March 2023

U ovom radu elaborirano je pitanje odnosa bošnjačkog naroda prema obrazovanju svoje ženske populacije, u periodu od dolaska Austro-Ugarske na prostore BiH do današnjega dana. U njemu je izloženo pitanje islamskoga stava prema obrazovanju žene, kao i praksa muslimana po istom pitanju. U radu je akcentirana podijeljenost Bošnjaka na one koji su protiv obrazovanje muslimanke u evropskim obrazovnim ustanovama, na one koji su za njen ulazak u nove obrazovne tokove u potpunosti i bez ikakvih ograničenja podržavaju i na one koji stoje i koji su zauzeli srednje stajalište. Odnos komunističke vlasti prema školovanju muslimanske ženske omladine također je opisan u ovom radu. I dalje će broj muslimanskih žena koje su završile srednje škole ili stekle univerzitetske diplome biti mnogo manji od broja muškaraca iste životne dobi, što će biti dokumentirano istraživanjima koja su navedena u ovom radu. U radu je konstatirano da su za promjenu bošnjačkog stava prema ovom pitanju, uz sve druge okolnosti, veliku ulogu imala tumačenja islama i islamskih propisa od strane reformističke uleme u BiH.
Figurativização do tempo em “Idades cidades divindades” (2016), de Mia Couto
Authors: Silva Marilde Alves da , Timbane Alexandre António
Published: March 2023

O escritor moçambicano Mia Couto tem sido dos mais destacados na arena literária. Autor de estilo próprio e característico, escreveu contos, romances, crônicas e poesia. Seus textos foram publicados e traduzidos em diversas línguas, a exemplo do italiano e francês. Esta pesquisa pretende investigar a figurativização do tempo em sua poesia a partir da obra “Idades Cidades Divindades” (2016)1. Especificamente, pretendese compreender os efeitos de sentido da temporalidade linguístico-semântica em poemas figurativos e temáticos e verificar qual função ou funções essa temporalidade exerce no texto coutiano. A metodologia da pesquisa foi bibliográfica e qualitativa, com foco nas relações de figurativização. Os resultados mostram que o tempo surge na poesia ora como estrutura, ora como citação. Tais ocorrências revelam uma função básica, a de estruturante, ou seja, o tempo está a serviço de outros temas, como o amor, o sexo, o ser no mundo. Esta investigação se apoia na Semiótica Discursiva, a partir, principalmente, de Bertrand (2003) e Fiorin (2010).
Virginia Woolf, money, and “the world’s oldest profession”
Authors: Neverow Vara
Published: March 2023

This paper aims at tracing Woolf’s references to money and its relation with prostitution in her essays A Room of One’s Own, Professions for Women, Three Guineas and in her novels Orlando and The Years. Woolf’s references to money are explicit from the start; indeed, the titles themselves suggest the importance of money. In A Room of One’s Own, the narrator states the title in the first sentence. To have a private room, one must have money or some other privilege. As the narrative evolves, it becomes clear that, to be free, an educated woman who is a fiction writer or a poet really needs is £500 a year (one may assume that it is this stable source of income that ensures the privacy of having one’s own room). In “Professions for Women” (a title that is clearly associated with paid work and income), the “Angel of the House” intrudes on the narrator and advises her “‘Never [to] let anybody guess that you have a mind of your own. Above all, be pure.’” At this moment the narrator, a financially independent woman having inherited “five hundred pounds a year” and thus does not “depend solely on charm for [her] living,” realizes that she must kill this Angel who is trying to force the narrator back into the private sphere of subordination and subservience to men. Since the Angel would destroy the narrator’s intellectual freedom, the death would be justifiable. In Three Guineas, the narrator’s focus on money is even more blatantly obvious since the title is a direct reference to a currency, the guinea was originally a coin.
Природа вербального экстремизма в контексте юрислингвистической парадигмы
Authors:   Витебский филиал учреждения образования Федерации профсоюзов Беларуси «Международный университет «МИТСО», г. Витебск, Дединкин А.Л.
Published: March 2023

статье рассматривается содержание понятия «вербальный экстремизм». Его границы в белорусском законодательстве и отечественной юрислингвистике задаются путём собственно перечисления лингвоправовых правонарушений, за которые предусмотрена ответственность. Автором статьи сделана попытка терминологизации категории «вербальный экстремизм» как речевого правонарушения, совершаемого против государства, общества или индивида как представителя социальной группы по политическому, идеологическому, расовому, национальному, религиозному либо иному социальному признаку. Выделяют сегментонаправленный и полинаправленный (в зависимости от широты потенциальной аудитории); пропагандистский и агитационный (в зависимости от преследуемой цели); политический и социальный (в зависимости от объекта правонарушения); эксплицитный и имплицитный (в зависимости от выражения адресованности) виды вербального экстремизма. Каждый из видов вербального экстремизма имеет общие признаки: абстрактность конечной цели, повышенный эмоциональный фон передаваемой информации и отложенность действия. Теоретико- методологической базой исследования стали научные труды отечественных и зарубежных авторов, нормативные правовые акты, регулирующие вопросы противодействия экстремизму. Методы исследования – сопоставительный и интерпретационный. Ключевые слова: вербальный экстремизм, юрислингвистика, речевое правонарушение, конфликтогенный текст, противодействие экстремизму.
ШЕТЕЛ ТІЛІН ҮЙРЕНУ ҮРДІСІНДЕГІ ОҚУШЫЛАРДЫҢ ҚЫЗЫҒУШЫЛЫҒЫН АРТТЫРУ ТӘСІЛДЕРІ
Authors:   Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университеті, Алматы қ,, Күмісбек М.М. , Акимбекова Ш. ,   Абай атындағы Қазақ ұлттық педагогикалық университеті, Алматы қ,
Published: March 2023

Ағылшын тілін үйрену барысында ең бастысы оқушылардың қызығушылығын ояту, ал мұғалімдердің оқыту мен оқудың барлық процесінде оқушылардың қызығушылығына үлкен мән беруі өте маңызды. Бұл жұмыс ағылшын тілін үйренуге қызығушылықтың маңыздылығын талқылаудан басталады, содан кейін оқушылардың ағылшын тілін үйренуге деген қызығушылықтарының деңгейі анықталады және олардың сабақта қызығушылықтарын оятуға негіз болатын пайдалы оқыту әдістері ұсынылады. Бұл зерттеу оқушылардың ағылшын тілін үйренуге деген қызығушылығын анықтауға бағытталған. Бұл зерттеу екі дерек жинады, атап айтқанда: 1) оқушылардың ағылшын тілін үйренуге деген қызығушылығы; 2) оқушылардың ағылшын тіліне деген қызығушылықтарын арттыруға бағытталған әдістері. Зерттеу деректер 10-сыныптарда сауалнама арқылы жинақталды. Сауалнаманы толтыру үшін 12 оқушы мақсатты түрде таңдалды. Кілт сөздер: шет тілі, ағылшын тілі, шет тілінің оқытылуы, жоғары сынып оқушылары, оқушыылардың қызығушылықтары, оқыту әдістері.
TO THE PROBLEM OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF ENGLISH TEACHERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE WORK
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Аstana, Kurganbekova Z.K. , Akynova D.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Аstana
Published: March 2023

The high need for research competence of foreign language teachers has become more relevant in the context of distance learning. The problem has put forward a number of important issues, the solution of which largely depends on training foreign languages (FL) teachers at universities to use information communication technologies (ICT) in the research process. In this regard, it is necessary, to pay attention to motivation and identification of the problems in formation of this competence. The following methods were used to assess the readiness to teachers’ research activity: axiological, emotional-motivational, cognitive, behavioral and control- evaluative. The article examines the importance of research skills as the type of skills that contribute to the development of the cognitive and creative orientation of the teacher's personality. The paper presents the main problems associated with the formation and development of research skills and discusses their further resolution. This article discusses the main problems and criteria for determining readiness for scientific research and ways to solve them. Key words: research competence; distance work; pedagogical conditions; research activity; motivation.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS AS A MEANS OF SUCCESSFUL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Nurzhanova Zh.D. , Issimova E.B. ,   Atyrau University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov, Atyrau
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the problems of speaking skills in a foreign language, which cause barriers in communication with native speakers among students of language faculties. After analyzing various scientific works devoted to this problem, the authors come to the conclusion that the development of speaking skills is an important part in teaching a foreign language, since knowledge of individual words, phrases and grammatical rules of a foreign language does not guarantee successful communication. Due to the modern requirements of society, speaking skill is closely related to the concept of "intercultural communication", without highly developed speaking skills, effective intercultural communication is impossible. Nowadays, the world needs such specialists who will be able to enter into intercultural communication by understanding the culture of a foreign country. For this reason, the article discusses the problem of teaching speaking skills in the context of intercultural communication. The authors also showed a model of intercultural communicative competence. In the practical part of the study, the author demonstrated several effective tasks for the development of speaking skills among students of language faculties. In our research work, we used such methods as theoretical analysis of literature, pedagogical observation, experiment, and statistical data analysis. Key words: competence, brainstorming, discussion, speaking skills, intercultural communicative competence, logical support scheme.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METALINGUISTIC SKILLS AS A PART OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO BILINGUAL STUDENTS
Authors:   Аl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Toimetova S.G. , Akimisheva Zh.A. ,   Аl-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty
Published: March 2023

This article investigates the strategies of developing metalinguistic skills as a part of teaching English to bilingual students. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the teaching techniques aimed to metalinguistic development in bilingual students. The approach includes a theoretical and methodological description of the metalanguage based on the results of theoretical sources and practical experiments of foreign scientists M. Ellis, M. Schleppergell, G. Cooper, S. Dita as well as a 4-week experiment held with 18 participants. Using data collected from a group of 18 3-rd year bachelor students of Kazakh National University, it was found that the formation and further development of metalinguistic skills is an important part of teaching bilingual students that leads not only to increase the level of metalinguistic awareness but also to improve the general knowledge of both languages which students speak. As a result, teachers should use a range of techniques, such as word recognition, syntactic understanding, and vocabulary recognition exercises. Theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed. Key words: metalinguistic skills, metalinguistic awareness, bilingualism, ESL, Russian- English bilingual students
Livestock Feed Resources and Feeding Practices in Bonke and Geresse Districts, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dana Yohannes , Kechero Yisehak , Yemane Nebiyou
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted at Bonke-Geresse District of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing the availability of feed resources in terms of quantity and quality and feeding practices of livestock. The district was stratified into three distinct agro-ecologies. A total of 138 farmers were randomly selected based on the probability of proportional sampling by means of a structured questionnaire. Direct field observation was also used in the collection of data. The major feed types used by farmers were identified and categorized into five classes: natural pasture grazing, green feeds, hay, concentrate (commercial mix and agro-industrial by-products) and non-conventional feed resources. The total Data were analyzed using statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Chemical analysis on crop residues indicated that they have low crude protein (2.66 to 6.7) and are composed of high lignin content ranging from 8.42 to 16.83. The major constraints related to livestock feed were shortage of feed, shortage of grazing land, poor market access, lack of sample awareness on forage cultivation and poor feeding system. Overall feed balance in terms of DM yield per year to a total TLU value of 7,068.8 was found to be 12,947.51 tons of DM per annum with negative feed balance of 5,878.71tons. Based on the findings of the present study, low productive and reproductive performances of livestock at Bonke are clearly associated with meager availability of feed resources. Therefore, introduction and adaptation of alternative feed production technologies such as development of improved forages, feed processing and conservation technologies, skill improving training and efficient feed utilization strategies would be taken as important steps to overcome the prevailing feed supply problem.
Dairy Cattle Feed Quantity, Nutrient Balance and Feed Scarcity Coping Mechanism in Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tadele Fiseha , Aysheshim Bekele , Guja Asrat , Kechero Yisehak
Published: March 2023

The study was conducted in Kedida Gamela Woreda of Kambata Tambaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia, with the goals of estimating the amount of available feed resources, estimating the nutrient balance, and assessing the coping mechanism of dairy cattle in relation to agro-ecologies and seasons in the study area. Multistage sampling procedures were used. The mean dry matter (DM) produced per household in the highland and midland was 3.4 and 3.7 tons (P< 0.05), respectively, while the required amount was 8.5 and 8 tons, with a negative balance of 5.1 and 4.3 tons (P < 0.05). The mean DM produced per household during the wet and dry seasons was 4.1 and 3.1 tons (P < 0.05), respectively, while the required amount was 7.9 and 8.6 tons, with a negative balance of 3.9 and 5.5 tons (P < 0.05). As a result, farmers increased their use of concentrates and non-traditional feeds, improved forage production, transferred stocks to relatives, and reduced herd size as coping mechanisms in response to feed scarcity.
Physicochemical and Cooking Quality of Rice Genotypes
Authors: Tadesse Beakal , Abegaz Kebede
Published: March 2023

Even though rice production is expanding in Ethiopia, very little information is available on the grain quality of rice. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the physicochemical and cooking qualities of rice genotypes. The physicochemical analysis of 15 rice genotypes conducted at the food and nutrition Laboratory of Bahirdar University showed that most of the genotypes had high to intermediate amylose content, which showed the susceptibility of the genotypes for stickiness. The cooking time of the 15 rice genotypes ranged from 12 to 30 minutes and the loss of solid during cooking was from 1.94 to 5.31%. Nonsignificant (P < 0.05) difference was found in grain elongation in most of the genotypes. Optimum cooking time was positively correlated with the water uptake ratio, alkali spread value and ash content. This shows that the presence of minerals elongate the cooking period. Gel consistency had positively correlated with alkali spread value but it had negatively correlated to ash, water uptake ratio and optimum cooking time. Generally, it was found that some genotypes had favorable grain quality and good correlation with most important characteristics. Even though good cooking characteristics were found in some of the genotypes, it is highly recommended to characterize more genotypes and improve important cooking quality traits of rice in Ethiopia.
Availability, nutritional balance, and needs for dairy cattle feed resources in Derashe Special District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bekele Esatu , Bogale Tezera
Published: March 2023

The goal of this study, which was conducted in the Derashe District of Southern Ethiopia, was to balance the district's needs for dairy cattle with the availability of feed resources. Data were gathered by field observations, key informant interviews, and a standardized questionnaire. With 149 responses, the district was divided into three agro-ecologies. Using a technique called probability proportional to size-sampling, the number of responders was calculated. Lowland,mid-altitude, and highland regions all had average land sizes of 1.67, 0.27, and 1.38 ha, respectively. The research district's entire livestock population was calculated to be 134,948.84 TLU. Cattle made up 83.23% of this, followed by goats 6.19%, donkeys 5.09%, sheep 3.51%, chickens 1.19%, mules 0.53%, horses 0.18 percent, and camels 0.002% of the district's total TLU of the animal population. There were 9.5 heads of local and crossbred cows in each household'saverage herd. Dairy cattle in the study locations primarily ate natural pasture, crop residues, crop aftershock grazing, standing hay, maize that had been thinned, and unconventional feeds (Cheka atella and Areke atella). Grazing land produced 97.75 tons of dry matter per year, crop leftovers 827.21 tons, conventional feeds 264.78 tons, fodder trees and shrubs 1.29 tons, crop aftermath grazing 110 tons, concentrates 0.5 tons, and forest land 30.54 tons. A total TLU value of 1693.5 was obtained by analyzing the overall feed balance in terms of DM yield annually. The present TLU units with a negative balance of 2513.16 tons demand about 3861.85 tons of DM annually. There was a deficit of 140 tons in the total CP produced and needed for the TLU, which came to 477.18 and 617.72 CP tons, respectively. Overall metabolizable energy (ME) produced and needed for the TLU were 25,739.3 and 73683.72 tons MJ, respectively, with a negative balance of 47,944.42 tons MJ of ME. Free grazing, stall feeding, and tethering were the three main feeding methods used in the research locations. Lack of feed, a lack of grazing pasture, subpar extension services, and a lack ofwater were the main obstacles and issues for the development of dairy cattle. Possibilities for increasing dairy feed output include favorable meteorological conditions, cereal crop productivity, and road access. The growth of forage, the collecting and storage of crop leftovers under sheds, the conservation of forage, particularly hay and silage, and the facilitation of feed selling mechanisms in local market areas could all help ease feed scarcity issues.
Book Review for Denis O’Hara Hope in Counselling and Psychotherapy
Authors: Coburn Jenny
Published: March 2023

Associate Professor Denis O’Hara’s first book examines the role of hope in healing and personal growth, and argues that hope takes a central position both in life, and in the process of therapeutic change. He notes that despite hope being recognised as one of the “common factors in therapeutic change, and despite its frequent presence in our daily lives, it remains an elusive concept.

The American 19th century poet Emily Dickinson wrote that hope is “the thing with feathers that perches in our soul.” (1890/1999, p. 19 my italics). In many ways, hope remains at the periphery of our conscious awareness, defying a concrete definition. This is a point that is embraced by this book. As noted in the preface, “Hope is everywhere yet hardly visible” (O’Hara, 2013, p. ix). One of the aims of this book is to bring hope out of the shadows and make it more visible and available to those of us who work with people therapeutically.
A Brief History of Psychoanalysis: From Freud to Fantasy to Folly
Authors: Kenny Dianna
Published: March 2023

Psychoanalysis has had a long gestation, during the course of which it has experienced multiple rebirths, leading some current authors to complain that there has been such a proliferation of theories of psychoanalysis over the past 115 years that the field has become theoretically fragmented and is in disarray (Fonagy & Target, 2003; Rangell, 2006). In this paper, Kenny surveys the past and present landscapes of psychoanalytic theorizing and clinical practice to trace the evolution of Freud’s original insights and psychoanalytic techniques to current theory and practice. First, the article sketches the evolutionary chronology of psychoanalytic theory; second, it discusses the key psychoanalytic techniques derived from clinical practice, with which psychoanalysis is most strongly identified; third, it interrogates whether Freud’s original theoretical conceptualizations and clinical practices are still recognizable in current psychoanalytic theory and practice, using four key exemplars – object relations theory, attachment-informed psychotherapy, existential/ phenomenological and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy; and fourth, the article discusses recent disintegrative developments in psychoanalytic scholarship. To this end, the article critiques the cul-de-sacs into which some psychoanalytic scholars have directed us and concludes with the hope that the current state of affairs can be remedied.
The Core Sensitivities: A Clinical Evolution of Masterson’s Disorders of Self
Authors: Poulsen Brooke E. , Coyne Joseph J.
Published: March 2023

The Circle of Security (COS) intervention provides a clinical application of attachment theory demonstrated to promote adaptive interactions between parents and their children. Key to the program is the structured relationship assessment and conceptualisation of caregiver state of mind through core sensitivities. The core sensitivities are a reformulation of James Masterson’s (1976, 1985) and Masterson and Klein’s (1989, 1995) concepts of the disorders of self. They represent prototypes of three core concerns people hold in relationships and the characteristic affects and defenses utilised to manage these. Although developed specifically with COS in mind, the use of core sensitivities to understand caregiving relationships is a focal application of a broader concept. This article introduces the core sensitivities, their theoretical origins and the potential for broader application to psychotherapy.
Integrating the Transpersonal Approach Into Counselling: A Semi-Structured Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: Turner Malini
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the benefits of integrating the transpersonal approach in counselling practice. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to examine the data gained through semi-structured interviews with four social worker-counsellors. Results suggested that the transpersonal approach may provide counsellors with the benefit of using spiritual variables to enrich their practice. Results further suggested authenticity was an essential factor towards spiritual competence, was a priority of spiritually informed counsellors, and was a significant nurturing element towards the therapeutic alliance. How counsellors’ regular self-reflection can contribute to an improved level of awareness and encourage cultivation of spiritual beliefs and values is also discussed. Further research regarding the benefits of transpersonal education, as well as more accommodating research methods in supporting development of spiritual competency, are suggested.
Reflections on Online Psychotherapy in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Embleton Tudor Louise , O'Neill Gina , Solomon Margot , Tudor Keith
Published: March 2023

This article offers some reflections on current clinical practice in online psychotherapies in the age of the coronavirus pandemic. Drawing on examples from the authors’ own clinical practices, and informed by relevant literature, the article focuses on the implications of the transition from the consulting room to online cyberspace with regard to five themes: transition, the dynamics of administration, therapeutic space(s), working with unconscious dynamics and processes, and uncertainty in a time of uncertainty. As such the article represents a heuristic self-study, enhanced by the authors who are practitioners, educators, and researchers working as a group, appropriately enough, online.
Therapeutic Approaches to Counselling Trans and Gender Diverse Clients During the 2017 Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey: A Qualitative Study of the Effects of Stigma
Authors: Mason Gaby
Published: March 2023

The Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey (AMLPS), conducted between September and November 2017, has been identified as a time when trans and gender diverse (TGD) people experienced high levels of societal stigmatisation. This study enquired into the impacts of stigma on TGD people during the period of the 2017 AMLPS. Six experienced therapists reported the experiences of their TGD clients during this period, which included: an increased lack of safety, family ruptures, experiences of distress, and re-triggering of past traumas. This paper describes the approaches adopted by these therapists and documents the resources they drew upon to address the effects of stigma in their clients. Enquiry into approaches utilised by therapists revealed three themes: acknowledging the systems at play, promoting self-care, and working from a trauma-informed approach. The paper also outlines the impacts of structural and interpersonal stigma on TGD people and approaches to counselling reported in the literature when working with the effects of stigma.
The Lived Experiences of Adult Crystal Methamphetamine Users: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dadhe Girija , Bettman Cathy
Published: March 2023

Crystal methamphetamine, also known as “ice” or “crystal meth,” is a potent psychostimulant drug that can cause irreversible physical and psychological damage to users (Halkitis, 2009). This qualitative research investigated the lived experiences of users, the background of their addiction, and the effects of using this drug. Six men between 31 and 39 years of age participated in the research. Three main themes emerged from the data: context, aftermath, and recovery. Respondents identified an inability to cope with dysfunctional family environments and negative social influences as the main causes of their crystal methamphetamine addiction, which resulted in significant adverse effects on their physical and mental health, relationships, occupation, and behaviour. They expressed a need for integrated and family focussed services, as well as a decriminalised approach towards crystal methamphetamine usage to help individuals and their families in the recovery journey.
Pluralism in Counselling and Psychotherapy: An Introduction to Theory and Implications for Practice
Authors: Pearson Mark , de Bruin Marc
Published: March 2023

This article provides an overview of the pluralistic approach to counselling and psychotherapy. It discusses the way the practices have moved from an earlier “schoolism” or “one for all” approach, to an interest in developing and testing integrative practices. Furthermore, the increasingly respectful relating with clients that emerges from taking client preferences and differences into account is discussed. The way pluralistic practice leads both logically and ethically towards an extension of Carl Roger’s person-centred approach, introduced over 60 years ago, is discussed. The need for more detailed outcome research on pluralism is identified, and the inclusion of personal development within counsellor education, to prepare individuals to be flexible in their responses and willing to discover client perspectives is recommended.
The Relationship Between Anxiety and Managing Interpersonal Difference: Implications for Couples Counselling
Authors: Meteyard John , Andersen Kirsty , O'Hara Denis
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the relationship between the capacity to manage and tolerate difference in others and trait anxiety. Data was provided from a sample of 173 students from an Australian higher education institution who completed The Emotional Reactivity Subscale of the Differentiation of Self Inventory-Revised (DSI-R), The State Trait Anxiety Inventory – trait (STAI-T), and The Tolerating Interpersonal Differences Subscale of the Differentiation Factor Inventory – Revised (DFI-R). Results reveal that trait anxiety when measured by both the STAI-T and DSI-R Emotional Reactivity Subscale, is a significant inverse predictor of the capacity to tolerate interpersonal differences within close relationships. Implications of these findings for the practice of couples therapy, including the role of relationship counsellors in helping their clients learn to more effectively manage difficult emotions like anxiety more effectively, are explored.
The Effectiveness of Family and Relationship Therapy: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Evans Phillipa , Turner Shelley , Trotter Chris
Published: March 2023

This literature review examines the effectiveness of family and relationship therapy and psychotherapy in relation to the following seven of the key modalities.

Experiential Family Therapy (EFT)

Structural Family Therapy (SFT)

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Multi-systemic Therapy (MST)

Family Problem Solving

Solution Focused Therapy (SFT)

Narrative Therapy

It is acknowledged that these modalities represent only a sample of the many forms of family therapy practiced in Australia and elsewhere. They do represent however some of the key approaches.

This review poses the central research question: ‘To what extent, if any, is family and relationship therapy and psychotherapy effective?’ The review systematically poses this question when examining each of the seven key modalities. The review assumes that the common aim of each of these modalities as they relate to the field of family and relationship therapy is to identify and treat problematic family and intra-personal relationship dynamics, as defined by the client(s). The review also identifies any knowledge gaps pertinent to the research area.
Therapy in Supervision: Responsibility and Relationship
Authors: Krupka Zoë
Published: March 2023

This paper addresses the question Where does supervision end and therapy begin? positioning the ideal of the separation of supervision practice from therapy within a broad nest of contexts incorporating the legislative, organisational, methodological and personal. The author explores the proscriptive separation of supervisory and therapeutic interventions through an auto-ethnographic lens, examining the experience of working as a supervisor in light of the current literature on supervision and raising pertinent questions of where and how this line is to be drawn in practice.
Babushka: Inside the Emotionally Focused Process
Authors: Gray Maria
Published: March 2023

This article analyses a demonstration tape used in training at the Institute for Emotionally Focused Therapy, with the aim of identifying the processes that guide therapists’ responses and interventions. Using the metaphor of the Babushka doll, the article will illustrate four strands which guide Emotionally Focused Therapy: (i) a person-centred focus; (ii) the shaping of a positive self-relationship through uncovering the client’s emotion schemes; (iii) exploration of inner conflict; and (iv)inviting self response-ability. By the end of the article, the reader will be able to see how the language of the therapist that adheres to the above four layers has helped to unravel the client’s situation thereby allowing the therapist to identify an appropriate intervention.
The Effectiveness of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review of Recent International and Australian Research
Authors: Gaskin Cadeyrn
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy, both generally and in Australian settings. A systematic review of recent (last five years) and Australian (last 10 years) papers using MEDLINE Complete and PsycINFO was performed. For the review of recent literature, 59 papers (56 studies) met the inclusion criteria. The search for Australian literature identified four papers on one quasi-experimental study. Research supports the use of psychodynamic psychotherapy for the treatment of depressive disorders, some anxiety disorders (especially generalised anxiety disorder), somatic symptoms and some somatoform disorders (e.g., hypochondriasis), and some personality disorders (primarily borderline and Cluster C personality disorders). Improvements made through psychodynamic psychotherapy typically endure beyond the completion of treatment. Psychodynamic psychotherapy is generally superior to treatment as usual and equivalent to other psychotherapies.
Psychotherapy and Counselling in Australia: Profiling Our Philosophical Heritage for Therapeutic Effectiveness
Authors: Day Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

A clearly articulated disciplinary base could significantly bolster the still emergent profession of psychotherapy and counselling. As the profession sharpens its profile it is important that the implications of the common factors research be fully integrated into disciplinary frameworks. The predominance of the therapeutic relationship as a factor in therapeutic effectiveness calls for greater rigour in the understanding of how that relationship works. Within an already crowded mental health space, it is timely that the profession foreground how its disciplinary bases provide that rigour.

This article considers where the profession sits within a spectrum of models of health and presents an argument for deeper consideration to be given to the philosophical and relational roots of the disciplines of psychotherapy and counselling.
Book Review for Susan Pollock, Thomas Pedulla and Ronald D. Siegel ‘Sitting Together – Essential Skills for Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy
Authors: Moir-Bussy Ann
Published: March 2023

This book is a unique and excellent resource for any clinician of psychotherapy and counselling and for all counsellor educators who want to engage their students in becoming mindful therapists. There are now numerous books being written about the positive effects of practicing mindfulness. This particular book is indeed comprehensive in its approach as the authors are clinicians themselves and they bring their experience and wisdom to their teaching, providing many practical exercises and meditations to aid the reader in practice. Whether you are a newcomer just learning counselling or an expert with many years of practice behind you, the resources provided by the authors are numerous and engaging.
The Effectiveness of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Literature Review of Recent International and Australian Research
Authors: Gaskin Cadeyrn
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy, both generally and in Australian settings. A systematic search for papers on research conducted internationally and in Australia within the last 5 years was undertaken using the Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO databases. From the 1,231 records retrieved from the two databases, 26 papers included studies that met the selection criteria. None of these papers contained research from Australia. Evidence from a small number of studies provides tentative support for the effectiveness of psychoanalysis in the treatment of patients with some depressive, anxiety, and personality disorders. The variable quality of this research, and the absence of control conditions in most studies, however, means that making more definitive statements about the effectiveness of psychoanalysis difficult at this time. The findings of studies on long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy suggest that (a) favourable outcomes may be able to be achieved for people with a range of conditions, including mood, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and personality disorders; (b) the outcomes achieved seem to be equivalent to those gained through the use of other psychotherapies; and (c) the effects of long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy may endure long after the termination of treatment. Short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy may be effective for the treatment of depressive disorders. The quality of studies in this area prevents the drawing of more definitive conclusions with respect to other conditions. Given that researchers often use the terms psychoanalytic and psychodynamic interchangeably, however, practitioners should be cognisant of the work on the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies. This work is supportive of the use of psychodynamic psychotherapy for depressive disorders, some anxiety disorders (most notably, generalised anxiety disorder), somatic symptoms and some somatoform disorders (e.g., hypochondriasis), and some personality disorders (mainly borderline and Cluster C personality disorders). The benefits of psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapies typically seem to endure well beyond the termination of treatment. In general, the outcomes achieved with these treatments appear to be equivalent to those gained through other psychotherapies. More definitive conclusions about the value of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy cannot be drawn at this time. For a variety of reasons (e.g., the challenges associated with researching treatments that occur over long periods of time) there has been insufficient research conducted on the effectiveness of these psychotherapies, especially psychoanalysis. More research is required to strengthen the evidence base on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy.
Application of Kohut in Public Mental Health: Understanding Fatima
Authors: Jamaludin Julia
Published: March 2023

In the current Australian public mental health system, in which scarce resources result in a ‘revolving door’ system, pharmacological intervention conveniently takes precedence over its psychological counterpart. Although there is limited capacity for psychodynamic psychotherapy intervention in the public mental health system, I believe many patients could be understood and better managed through psychotherapy, even if it is adapted as an adjunct to biological psychiatry. This case report illustrates the applicability of Kohut’s self psychology principles in approaching psychopathology in the public setting. It is based on the experience of a psychiatry registrar in a public acute inpatient mental health unit which cares for more severe psychiatric patients. It aims to demonstrate the importance of empathic understanding and exchanges within therapeutic relationships, as argued by Kohut, especially in those forced and compromised by involuntary treatment orders, as with most patients encountered in the public setting, exemplified by the case of Fatima.
Responding to Intergenerational Psychological Trauma: A Literature Review Paper on the Place of Family Constellation Therapy
Authors: Hurley John , Koenning Margarete , Bray Angeline
Published: March 2023

The intergenerational impact of psychological trauma and the repercussions that trauma can have upon an entire family system suggests individual therapy alone may be insufficient. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the Family Constellation Therapy approach as a potential therapy option for responding to intergenerational trauma. This paper initially discusses the challenges of responding to trauma and then describes Family Constellation Therapy within a practice context. The underpinning philosophy of the therapy is also forwarded. To establish the potential worth of the approach, this paper then reports on the findings from a narrative review of the international peer reviewed literature on Family Constellation Therapy, following with a discussion on its application to intergenerational trauma. The limited evidence available suggests there is worth in integrating Family Constellation Therapy into other therapeutic approaches. There is also a clear need for creating a wider and deeper evidence base for Family Constellation Therapy.
Climate Change-Related Distress Within the Dominant Mental Health Paradigm: Problems, Pitfalls, and a Possible Way Forward
Authors: Kökçinar Rana R.
Published: March 2023

Climate change-related distress (CCRD) is a salient discourse, with contemporary resources for addressing CCRD currently dominated by positivist ideology. Such resources are problematic as they instil individualistic notions of behaviour change to combat climate change and CCRD, oversimplifying the problem and shifting focus away from systemic power imbalances and injustices that overwhelmingly contribute to climate change and CCRD. Addressing CCRD should involve a shift from an individualistic focus to collaborative conversations and frameworks that have the capacity to consider inherently complex issues of cultural and epistemological diversity. One such framework that incorporates non-pathologising understandings of CCRD is the Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF). Critical use of the PTMF to describe and support experiences of CCRD can be relevant for marginalised communities as it centres political, social, and relational contexts and assists in the cocreation of meaningful narratives while addressing systemic power imbalances and injustices, thus making way for collective action and empowerment processes for marginalised communities disproportionately affected by anthropogenic climate change.
A Snapshot of the Counselling and Psychotherapy Workforce in Australia in 2020: Underutilised and Poorly Remunerated, Yet Highly Qualified and Desperately Needed
Authors: Bloch-Atefi Alexandra , Day Elizabeth , Snell Tristan , O'Neill Gina
Published: March 2023

The aim of the 2020 workforce survey was to profile professionals affiliated with the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA) to inform future policy and service planning. PACFA is a national peak body for Australian counsellors and psychotherapists, representing 3,500 members across all states and territories. This study builds on previous workforce studies, the first of which was conducted in 2004. An online questionnaire was circulated to PACFA members covering participants’ demographics, qualifications, employment, sources of client referrals, client groups and presentations, along with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflecting previous findings, participants predominantly identified as female, as coming from Australian or English backgrounds, and as being located in or around major cities. Notably, a higher proportion of counsellors and psychotherapists than psychologists and psychiatrists (who also have qualifications as counsellors or psychotherapists) were found in regional and rural Australia. The shortage of mental health services in Australia, especially in remote areas, and the desire for more working hours among over one quarter of registered practitioners, mean this workforce needs to be far better utilised to meet public demand and reduce health inequities for people in regional, rural, and remote Australia. Government recognition of registered counsellors and practitioners through Medicare’s Better Access subsidised sessions would significantly remedy the shortage of mental health services.
Zoom, Embodiment, and the Analytic Third
Authors: Lee Joseph R. , Marchiano Lisa , Stewart Deborah
Published: March 2023

The rapid expansion of video-conferencing in response to the COVID-19 health crisis introduces challenges and benefits to the psychoanalytic encounter. Carl Jung considered the phenomenon of the analytic third, and theorised that this mysterious constellation of a transformative liminal field emerged from the interpersonal dynamic between analyst and analysand. Implicit in the canon of related literature is the assumption of shared physical space. Today’s wide use of video-conferencing offers an opportunity to explore whether physical proximity is essential to the creation of this vital psychotherapeutic phenomenon. Three Jungian analysts explore ideas and experiences in a condensed, edited version of a podcast episode from This Jungian Life.
Caring for a University Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of an Online Psychological Support Service (UCare)
Authors: Caetano Ana Sofia , João Martins Maria , Carvalhal de Melo Ana , Queiros Antonio
Published: March 2023

The present paper aims to share a university medical services’ experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a reaction to the predictable negative psychosocial impact on the community brought by home confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of Coimbra (Portugal) implemented an emotional support line (UCare). A team of clinical psychologists provided online intervention through videocalls, audio, or text. From March to July 2020, 56 people, mostly students, utilised UCare, through 90 appointments. Users reported difficulties regarding academic issues, time management, anxiety, isolation, sleep disorders, fear of infection, and exacerbation of previous psychopathology. Interventions included emotional debriefing, time management strategies, emotional regulation, and sleep quality improvement techniques. Psychotherapeutic tools (e.g., flyers, audio tutorials) were made available after appointments. Over 30% of users were referred to clinical psychology services. In an evaluation of UCare user satisfaction, all respondents rated the interventions between “useful” or “very useful” and reported high satisfaction levels. UCare targeted vulnerable groups (international and post-graduate students) and had an important role in identifying specific mental health problems. Future directions are discussed.
The Impact of Caseload and Tenure on the Development of Vicarious Trauma in Australian Corrective Services Employees
Authors: Campbell Justine
Published: March 2023

Exposure to traumatic events is a job hazard explicit to corrective services employees, including psychologists and counsellors, and various personal and organisational factors when working with offenders have been attributed to an increase in workplace stress and vicarious trauma (VT). The impact of caseload and tenure on the development of VT in corrective services has been investigated in numerous international studies, however research in Australian corrective services is limited. This study aims to address this gap in the literature by exploring these relationships amongst custodial and non-custodial corrective services employees. The study investigated: (1) the relationship between caseload and increased VT; (2) the likelihood of a longer tenure decreasing the risk of VT; and, (3) whether non-custodial/therapeutic corrective services employees are more likely to develop greater levels of VT than custodial corrective services employees. Greater caseload and longer tenure both predicted increased rates of VT and non-custodial staff were likely to exhibit higher rates of VT than custodial staff. Future research is discussed to guide effective preventative and intervention practices in the corrective services and mental health industries.