bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of ATP-sensitive channel expression and function decreases opioid sensitivity in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Fisher Cole , Johnson Kayla , Moore Madelyn , Sadrati Amir , Janecek Jody L. , Graham Melanie L. , Klein Amanda H.
Published: September 2023

During diabetes, β-cell dysfunction due to loss of potassium channels sensitive to ATP, known as KATPchannels occurs progressively over time contributing to hyperglycemia. KATPchannels are additionally present in the central and peripheral nervous systems and are downstream targets of opioid receptor signaling. The aim of this study is to investigate if KATPchannel expression or activity in the nervous system changes in diabetic mice and if morphine antinociception changes in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks compared to controls. Mechanical thresholds were also monitored before and after administration of glyburide or nateglinide, KATPchannel antagonists, for four weeks. HFD mice have decreased antinociception to systemic morphine, which is exacerbated after systemic treatment with glyburide or nateglinide. HFD mice also have lower rotarod scores, decreased mobility in an open field test, and lower burrowing behavior compared to their control diet counterparts, which is unaffected by KATPchannel antagonist delivery. Expression of KATPchannel subunits, Kcnj11 (Kir6.2) and Abcc8 (SUR1), were decreased in the peripheral and central nervous system in HFD mice, which is significantly correlated with baseline paw withdrawal thresholds. Upregulation of SUR1 through an adenovirus delivered intrathecally increased morphine antinociception in HFD mice, whereas Kir6.2 upregulation improved morphine antinociception only marginally. Perspective: This article presents the potential link between KATPchannel function and neuropathy during diabetes. There is a need for increased knowledge in how diabetes affects structural and molecular changes in the nervous system to lead to the progression of chronic pain and sensory issues.
Alignment of auditory artificial networks with massive individual fMRI brain data leads to generalizable improvements in brain encoding and downstream tasks
Authors: Freteault Maelle , Le Clei Maximilien , Tetrel Loic , Bellec Pierre , Farrugia Nicolas
Published: September 2023

Artificial neural networks trained in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as key tools to model brain processes, sparking the idea of aligning network representations with brain dynamics to enhance performance on AI tasks. While this concept has gained support in the visual domain, we investigate here the feasibility of creating auditory artificial neural models directly aligned with individual brain activity. This objective raises major computational challenges, as models have to be trained directly with brain data, which is typically collected at a much smaller scale than data used to train AI models.

We aimed to answer two key questions: (1) Can brain alignment of auditory models lead to improved brain encoding for novel, previously unseen stimuli? (2) Can brain alignment lead to generalisable representations of auditory signals that are useful for solving a variety of complex auditory tasks? To answer these questions, we relied on two massive datasets: a deep phenotyping dataset from the Courtois neuronal modelling project, where six subjects watched four seasons (36 hours) of theFriendsTV series in functional magnetic resonance imaging and the HEAR benchmark, a large battery of downstream auditory tasks.

We fine-tuned SoundNet, a small pretrained convolutional neural network with ∼2.5M parameters. Aligning SoundNet with brain data from three seasons ofFriendsled to substantial improvement in brain encoding in the fourth season, extending beyond auditory and visual cortices. We also observed consistent performance gains on the HEAR benchmark, particularly for tasks with limited training data, where brain-aligned models performed comparably to the best-performing models regardless of size. We finally compared individual and group models, finding that individual models often matched or outperformed group models in both brain encoding and downstream task performance, highlighting the data efficiency of fine-tuning with individual brain data.

Our results demonstrate the feasibility of aligning artificial neural network representations with individual brain activity during auditory processing, and suggest that this alignment is particularly beneficial for tasks with limited training data. Future research is needed to establish whether larger models can achieve even better performance and whether the observed gains extend to other tasks, particularly in the context of few shot learning.
Actin associates with actively elongating genes and binds directly to the Cdk9 subunit of P-TEFb
Authors: Kyheröinen Salla , Prajapati Bina , Sokolova Maria , Schmitz Maximilian , Viita Tiina , Geyer Matthias , Vartiainen Maria K.
Published: September 2023

Nuclear actin has been demonstrated to be essential for optimal transcription, but the molecular mechanisms and direct binding partner for actin in the RNA polymerase complex have remained unknown. By using purified proteins in a variety of biochemical assays, we demonstrate a direct and specific interaction between monomeric actin and Cdk9, the kinase subunit of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) required for RNA polymerase II pause-release. This interaction efficiently prevents actin polymerization, is not dependent on kinase activity of Cdk9 and is not involved with releasing P-TEFb from its inhibitor 7SK snRNP complex. Supporting the specific role for actin in the elongation phase of transcription, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) reveals that actin interacts with genes only upon their active transcription elongation. This study therefore provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which actin facilitates the transcription process.
Formin tails act as a switch, inhibiting or enhancing processive actin elongation
Authors: Bremer Kathryn , Wu Carolyn , Patel Aanand , He Kevin , Grunfeld Alex , Chanfreau Guillaume , Quinlan Margot
Published: September 2023

Formins are large, multidomain proteins that nucleate new actin filaments and accelerate elongation through a processive interaction with the barbed end of filaments. Their actin assembly activity is generally attributed to their eponymous Formin Homology (FH) 1 and 2 domains; however, evidence is mounting that regions outside of the FH1FH2 stretch also tune actin assembly. Here, we explore the underlying contributions of the tail domain, which spans the sequence between the FH2 domain and the C-terminus of formins. Tails vary in length from ∼0 to >200 residues and contain a number of recognizable motifs. The most well-studied motif is the ∼15 residue long diaphanous autoregulatory domain (DAD). The DAD mediates all or nothing regulation of actin assembly through an intramolecular interaction with the diaphanous inhibitory domain (DID) in the N-terminal half of the protein. Multiple reports demonstrate that the tail can enhance both nucleation and processivity. In this study, we provide a high-resolution view of the alternative splicing encompassing the tail in theForminHomologyDomain-(Fhod) family of formins during development. While four distinct tails are predicted, we found significant levels of only two of these. We characterized the biochemical effects of the different tails. Surprisingly, the two highly expressed Fhod-tails inhibit processive elongation and diminish the nucleation and elongation rates, while a third supports activity. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism of modulating actin assembly by formins and support the model that splice variants are specialized to build distinct actin structures during development.
Gastric Alimetry®testing and healthcare economic analysis in nausea and vomiting syndromes
Authors: Xu William , Williams Lucy , Sebaratnam Gabrielle , Varghese Chris , Cedarwall Chris , Daker Charlotte , Keane Celia
Published: September 2023

Background

Chronic nausea and vomiting syndromes (CNVS), gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia (FD) are complex disorders. Body Surface Gastric Mapping (BSGM), a new test of gastric function, using Gastric AlimetryⓇ(Alimetry, New Zealand) may be useful for de-escalating healthcare utilisation. This study aimed to define healthcare costs and estimate health economic impacts of implementing this test in patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms.

Methods

Consecutive patients at a tertiary referral centre evaluated with Gastric Alimetry were included. Frequency and cost data relating to medical investigations, hospital, and outpatient presentations were evaluated. Costs of healthcare utilisation were calculated, and the potential cost savings of implementing Gastric Alimetry within a diagnostic decision-tree model were estimated.

Results

Overall, 31 consecutive patients (mean age 36.1 years; 83.9% female; predominant symptoms: nausea [83.9%], pain [61.3%], vomiting [67.7%], bloating [35.5%]) completed Gastric Alimetry testing. Repeat gastroscopy and abdominal CT rates were 29% (8/28) and 85% (11/13) respectively. Gastric Alimetry testing identified spectral abnormalities in 45.2% of patients, and symptom profiling classified a further 29.1% of patients. Median annualised cost difference after test introduction was NZ$-12,032. Estimated reductions in investigation-related costs when incorporating Gastric Alimetry into the diagnostic workflow model were approximately NZ$1,500 per patient.

Conclusions

Healthcare utilisation and confirmatory testing rates remain high in nausea and vomiting syndromes. This study presents real-world data, together with a decision tree analysis, showing Gastric Alimetry can streamline clinical care pathways, resulting in reduced healthcare utilisation and cost.
Atypical homodimerization revealed by the structure of the (S)-enantioselective haloalkane dehalogenase DmmarA from Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Snajdarova Karolina , Marques Sérgio M. , Damborsky Jiri , Bednar David , Marek Martin
Published: September 2023

Haloalkane dehalogenases (HLDs) are a family of α/β-hydrolase fold enzymes that employ SN2 nucleophilic substitution to cleave the carbon–halogen bond in diverse chemical structures, the biological role of which is still poorly understood. Atomic-level knowledge of both the inner organization and supramolecular complexation of HLDs is thus crucial to understand their catalytic and noncatalytic functions. Here, crystallographic structures of the (S)-enantioselective haloalkane dehalogenase DmmarA from the waterborne pathogenic microbe Mycobacterium marinum were determined at 1.6 and 1.85 Å resolution. The structures show a canonical αβα-sandwich HLD fold with several unusual structural features. Mechanistically, the atypical composition of the proton-relay catalytic triad (aspartate–histidine–aspartate) and uncommon active-site pocket reveal the molecular specificities of a catalytic apparatus that exhibits a rare (S)-enantiopreference. Additionally, the structures reveal a previously unobserved mode of symmetric homodimerization, which is predominantly mediated through unusual L5-to-L5 loop interactions. This homodimeric association in solution is confirmed experimentally by data obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering. Utilizing the newly determined structures of DmmarA, molecular modelling techniques were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind its uncommon enantioselectivity. The (S)-preference can be attributed to the presence of a distinct binding pocket and variance in the activation barrier for nucleophilic substitution.
Research on the measurement of academic activeness of scholars in academic conferences
Authors: Zhao Rongying , Chang Ruru
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Academic conferences play a crucial role in fostering scholarly exchanges and discussions among core members, thereby shaping the core performance of these events. Understanding the contributions of scholars in academic conferences is essential for advancing the goals and development of such events. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned idea.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper proposes a comprehensive measurement method for measuring scholars' academic activeness in academic conferences. Based on the essence of academic activeness, a measurement model is constructed, comprising the breadth of academic activeness using the RFM model and the depth of academic activeness using the ATM model. Additionally, effective categories of scholars are derived from the model, facilitating the identification of valuable scholars in academic conferences.

Findings

Empirical evidence from ASIS&T conference records over the past 20 years demonstrates that the proposed measurement indicators have better coverage compared to traditional evaluation indicators, thus complementing existing scholar evaluation indictators. Furthermore, the academic activeness measurement model presented in this paper exhibits good efficacy in identifying important value and active scholars.

Originality/value

This paper pays attention to the activeness of scholars in academic conferences. It broadens the evaluation of academic conferences and scholars and supplements the evaluation indicators of academic influence.
Consumers' insight and behaviour towards mango quality and safety attributes: implications for integrated value chain development
Authors: Ayyaz Sohail , Bonney Lawrence Bryan , Adhikari Rajendra
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to segment Pakistani consumers based on their insights and preference towards mango quality and safety attributes and to demographically characterise each segment so that effective value chain (VC) development strategies may be developed.

Design/methodology/approach

Factor and cluster analysis were applied to data collected from 400 mango buyers randomly selected from seven different cities in Pakistan.

Findings

This empirical study identified four distinct segments of mango consumers in Pakistan. The diversity of consumers' perception was mainly based on four factors: food safety, price and marketing, physical quality and shelf life. Based on their demographic characteristics and preferences for product attributes, the identified consumer segments can be classified as “traditional consumers,” “safety-conscious consumers,” price and market-sensitive consumers,” quality-sensitive consumers” and “perfect consumers.” This knowledge is useful to develop mango VCs that target specific consumer segments based on their chain level abilities and aspirations.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers actors of mango VCs an enhanced understanding of consumer segments based on their perceived preferences towards the quality and safety attributes of mangoes, which would help VC actors design and develop business strategies that deliver value specific to each consumer segments. Findings of this study could also be useful to policy makers to design extension strategies that promote food safety and quality standards in mango VCs. Moreover, this study presents yet another case of consumer segmentation study for VC development in developing countries, adding a stepping stone towards a general VC theory development.

Originality/value

The findings stimulate the momentum of the growing literature, particularly in the developing countries on consumer insights and behaviour toward fruit quality and safety attributes of mangoes.
Temie Giwa-Tubosun of LifeBank: creating the future of health-care supply chain in Africa powered by technology
Authors: Faheem Hadiya , Dutta Sanjib
Published: September 2023

Social implications

LifeBank is primarily focused on tackling the challenge of maternal mortality in Nigeria and other African countries by providing women access to blood, thereby tackling the challenge of gender inequality. The company employed both men and women at its workplace providing equal opportunities for men and women.

Learning outcomes

Discuss how women entrepreneurs are solving social problems in developing countries using technology and innovation.

Analyze the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in getting the right human capital, raising funds and managing growth for their social business.

Case overview/synopsis

The case discusses how social entrepreneur Temie Giwa-Tubosun (Temie) founded LifeBank, a medical distribution company, to provide access to blood, medical oxygen and vaccines to hospitals in Nigeria. The company used technology to provide information to health providers about which blood bank stored the blood type they needed and delivered it quickly and safely to help save lives.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Identifying the stressors hindering performance in the Indian construction industry: an empirical investigation
Authors: Noopur
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study attempts to analyse and rank the impact of work-related issues arising within the Indian construction industry in the context of the existing pandemic. Furthermore, this is the first attempt to provide strategies to overcome issues among a workforce that is highly contractual in nature and is currently witnessing the uncertainties of the pandemic's aftermath. To the best of the author's knowledge, few studies have highlighted the combined analysis of job insecurity, psychological stress and emotional exhaustion in the Indian construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The “Best Worst Methodology” (BWM) has been used in this study to analyse and rank the key factors that eliminate negative characteristics among contractual construction employees. The BWM, outlined by Rezaei (2015, 2016), is a popular “multi-criteria decision analysis technique” due to its advantage of consistent results and lesser pairwise data requirements.

Findings

The study identified and ranked the socioeconomic impact of the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on construction sector employees in the Indian subcontinent. The results indicate that job insecurity has the most prominent impact, which ultimately produces psychological stress and emotional exhaustion among employees.

Originality/value

To achieve the objective of identifying and prioritising the criteria of adverse socioeconomic impacts during the pandemic and outlining plans of action for the construction industry, ten experts (civil engineers/managers) from ten different construction projects were involved in a mixed-method case study, which has never been explored in the Indian construction sector.
A complexity-based measure for emergency department crowding
Authors: Taiwo Enayon Sunday , Zaerpour Farzad , Menezes Mozart B.C. , Sun Zhankun
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Overcrowding continues to afflict emergency departments (EDs), and its attendant consequences are becoming increasingly severe. The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic is further escalating the situation worldwide. One of the most critical questions is how to adequately quantify what constitutes overcrowding and determine implications for operations management in improving service efficiency. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose the time and class complexity measures for ED service systems, taking into account important patient-level and system characteristics. Using an extensive data set from a Canadian ED, the authors investigate the performance of complexity-based measures in predicting service delays.

Findings

The authors find that the complexity measure is potentially more important than some well-known crowding metrics. In particular, EDs can improve service efficiency by managing the level of complexity within a desirable interval. Furthermore, complexity exposes how the interplay between demand-side behavioral changes and supply-side responses affects operational performance. Moreover, the results suggest that arrival patterns—the number of patients of each class arriving per time and times between events (arrivals and service completions)—increase the risk of service delays more than the demand volume.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to provide an extensive investigation into the application of the complexity-based measure for ED crowding. The study demonstrates potential values to be gained in ED service systems if complexity measure is incorporated into their operations management decisions.
Developing future leaders in Malaysian public universities: the factors influencing execution of succession planning
Authors: Keerio Nazia , Ahmad Abd Rahman
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Succession planning is an emerging area for research in higher education institutions worldwide; however, literature is scarce in the context of developing countries like Malaysia. The factors that have an influence on the execution of succession planning in public universities are the primary goal that has been set for achieving the study's goal. Moreover, the development of leadership in institutions has been taken by adopting formal succession planning. This study aims to be explore the factors that can contribute to the successful execution of the plan, particularly in higher education institutions in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed the qualitative approach. The registrars have been selected by using purposive sampling technique for face-to-face interviews from five public research universities of Malaysia. The in-depth data can be collected at research universities as they are old and comprehensive universities of Malaysia. The data were analysed through thematic analysis.

Findings

The number of factors that have been revealed through the findings are as follows: organisational culture, the support of top-level management, the strategic plan, the reward, the champion from top-level management and the budget. Further, the public universities of Malaysia required ensuring that all employees were aware of succession plan initiatives taken by institutions, although the system was challenged by not taking these factors into account.

Originality/value

The primary data have been collected to provide the insight regarding opportunities and challenges encountered in the implementation of succession planning in Malaysian public universities.
Unlocking the potential of smart learning: exploring the impact of students' technological factors on remote access
Authors: Thottoli Mohammed Muneerali , Thomas K.V.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The primary objective of this study is to examine how students' technological factors affect remote access (RA) in smart learning (SL) environments. Additionally, the paper explores the moderating effect of students' technical skills (TS) on RA and SL.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applied a quantitative research approach and collected 125 valid questionnaires from students in Oman's higher education institutions (HEIs). A structural equation model (SEM) was employed for data analysis using the Smart PLS 4 version to examine the influence of technological factors on RA in SL environments.

Findings

It was found that the use of cloud-based RA in SL is influenced by students' use of technology, technology competitiveness and the availability of institutional software (IS). Moreover, students' TS were found to play a crucial role in moderating RA and SL, as well as technical knowledge (TK) and SL. These findings highlight the importance of technical competencies and software availability in shaping students' RA experiences.

Research limitations/implications

The study's findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size, which may restrict the generalizability of the results.

Practical implications

The study suggests the technological learning capabilities of HEIs, which significantly improved by prioritizing critical technical factors, including knowledge and use of technology, availability of institutional software and RA antecedents in SL environments.

Originality/value

This paper offers practical and actionable directions for HEIs, universities, colleges and educators looking to incorporate technology into their practices in the dynamic and ever-evolving Fourth Industrial Era.
Consumer privacy in smartphones: a systematic literature review
Authors: R. Balakrishnan Unny , Shome Samik , Shankar Amit , Pani Saroj Kumar
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to provide a systematic review of consumer privacy literature in the context of smartphones and undertake a comprehensive analysis of academic research on this evolving research area.

Design/methodology/approach

This review synthesises antecedents, consequences and mediators reported in consumer privacy literature and presents these factors in a conceptual framework to demonstrate the consumer privacy phenomenon.

Findings

Based on the synthesis of constructs reported in the existing literature, a conceptual framework is proposed highlighting antecedents, mediators and outcomes of experiential marketing efforts. Finally, this study deciphers overlooked areas of consumer privacy in the context of smartphone research and provides insightful directions to advance research in this domain in terms of theory development, context, characteristics and methodology.

Originality/value

This study significantly contributes to consumer behaviour literature, specifically consumer privacy literature.
A multi-response optimization approach to mechanical properties improvement of dissimilar resistance spot welding joints
Authors: Hussein Karrar , Akbari Habibollah , Noorossana Rassoul , Yadegari Rostom
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effects of process input parameters (welding current, welding time, electrode pressure and holding time) on the output responses (nugget diameter, peak load and indentation) that control the mechanical properties and quality of the joints in dissimilar resistance spot welding (RSW) for the third generation of advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) quenching and partitioning (Q&P980) and (SPFC780Y) high-strength steel spot welds.

Design/methodology/approach

Design of experiment approach with two level factors and center points was adopted. Destructive peel and shear tensile strengths were used to measure the responses. The significant factors were determined using analysis of variance implemented by Minitab 18 software. Finally, multiresponse optimization was carried out using the desirability function analysis method.

Findings

Holding time was the most significant factor influencing nugget diameter, whereas welding current had the greatest impact on peak load and indentation. Multiresponse optimization revealed that the optimal settings were a welding current of 12.5 KA, welding time of 18 cycles, electrode pressure of 420 Kgf and holding time of 10 cycles. These settings produced a nugget diameter of 8.0 mm, a peak load of 35.15 KN and an indentation of 22.5%, with a composite desirability function of 0.764.

Originality/value

This study provides an effective approach for multiple response optimization to the mechanical behavior of RSW joints, even though there have been few studies on the third generation of AHSS joints and none on the dissimilar joints of the materials used in this study.
Mitigating risks and overcoming logistics challenges in humanitarian deployment to conflict zones: evidence from the DRC and CAR
Authors: Malhouni Youssef , Mabrouki Charif
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges encountered by international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) operating in armed conflicts within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Central African Republic (CAR). Through a 20-month fieldwork analysis, this research maps logistical risks and highlights key obstacles on the ground for successful humanitarian deployments in dynamically changing and complex environments. The study brings together academics and practitioners, providing practical and concrete recommendations for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to focus on in the conflict zones studied.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by INGOs in conflict zones. After collecting data from the field, including interviews with key stakeholders and on-the-ground observations, the data analysis uses software tools such as Text Analysis Markup System analyzer and Macbeth. By adhering to ethical principles and incorporating a reflexive analysis, the study sheds light on the multidimensional nature of successful humanitarian deployments.

Findings

The primary risk in all armed conflict zones, including the DRC and CAR, is insecurity. However, to achieve a successful humanitarian deployment in such contexts, a multidimensional approach is required. This involves first securing the acceptance of local communities and conflict parties, which can be achieved through a deep understanding of both political and customary structures, with a focus on respecting key engagement leaders. Sustainability also plays a crucial role, and NGOs must maintain a secure stock of energy and provide greater initiative for on-the-ground managers to meet the expressed needs of beneficiary populations and involve them from the planning stage onwards. Finally, effective communication, cooperation and collaboration with United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs are essential to overcome procurement, technical and security risks, particularly during the initial deployment phases.

Originality/value

This study provides an illustration of the uncommon practice of conducting collaborative research in humanitarian settings amidst two neighboring areas of armed conflict. The authors identified 268 common risk factors across eight categories during five deployment phases. To analyze these risks based on criticality and NGO responsiveness, the authors used a multicriteria method. This approach allowed the authors to validate unanimous judgments, resulting in valuable insights and concrete recommendations.
Care to dare: cross-lagged effects of mentor secure-base support on newcomers' workplace courage
Authors: Dong Yuge , Yang Yujie , Zheng Lu , Long Lirong
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Mentor secure-base support, characterized as mentor availability, noninterference and encouragement of growth, has important implications for newcomer socialization. Drawing on attachment theory, this paper aims to examine the relationship between mentor secure-base support and newcomers' workplace courage.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected at three time points with a new police officer sample (n = 124). A cross-lagged panel design was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

Mentor secure-base support is causally precedent to newcomers' workplace courage, whereas the reverse relationship from workplace courage to mentor secure-base support was not held.

Practical implications

To help newcomers integrate into their organization and enhance their workplace courage, organizations should actively promote and foster mentoring relationships in which mentors can provide a secure base for mentees.

Originality/value

The authors' findings support that newcomers' workplace courage can be cultivated by mentor secure-base support. It provides insight for organizations to explore workplace courage development for newcomers.
Italian entrepreneurial decision-making under lockdown: the path to resilience
Authors: Delladio Silvia , Caputo Andrea , Magrini Alessandro , Pellegrini Massimiliano Matteo
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study addresses current research gaps by integrating resilience literature with crisis management theories, focussing on SMEs. Specifically, the authors examine how the entrepreneurial decision-making process, via the interplay of causation and effectuation logic, impacts a firm's ability to respond to unpredictable events. This paper aims to present an investigation that seeks to unearth the potentially complex interplay between causation and effectuation logic in fostering organisational resilience, particularly in the face of unprecedented disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study includes the responses of 80 Italian entrepreneurs operating in the hospitality sector. The paper deployed a joint analysis through a partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM) and a necessary condition analysis (NCA) to assess how the decision-making logics impact the entrepreneurs' decision when reacting to the pandemic.

Findings

The findings show that how entrepreneurs make decisions influence how they react to the crisis. Causation was found as a direct cause of resilience and preparedness, and effectuation was a direct cause of resilience and agility. Moreover, causation indirectly caused resilience through preparedness, and effectuation indirectly caused resilience through agility. Finally, both preparedness and agility are direct causes of resilience.

Practical implications

This research generated insights into why and how some SMEs respond more effectively to uncertainty than others. It provides actionable strategies that business owners and managers can employ to enhance their ability to withstand and recover from crises.

Originality/value

This study's originality and novelty lie in its empirical investigation of the roles of causation and effectuation logic in entrepreneurial decision-making and, consequently, their influence on SME resilience. Focused on the Italian hospitality sector, it provides unique insights into resilience strategies under severe, real-world conditions, contributing to theoretical development and practical applications in crisis management.
The effect of CEOs’ being the only children in the family on their CSR engagement
Authors: Huang Rong , Yang Guang , Chen Xiaoye , Chen Yuxin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the influence of CEO’s only-child status on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. It seeks to extend the understanding of upper echelon theory by examining unexplored CEO characteristics and their impact on CSR decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses manually collected CEO family information and Chinese Stock and Market Accounting Research data as a basis to examine the influence of CEOs’ early-life experiences on their engagement in CSR activities. The study applies attachment security theory from developmental psychology and uses upper echelon theory, particularly focusing on CEOs’ only-child status. A comparative analysis of philanthropic donations between CEOs who are only children and those who have siblings is conducted. The study also examines the moderating effects of corporate slack resources and CEO shareholdings.

Findings

Preliminary findings suggest that CEOs who are only children are more likely to engage in CSR compared to their counterparts with siblings. However, the difference in donation amounts between the two groups tends to attenuate with decreased slack resources and increased CEO shareholdings.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research represents the first attempt to investigate being the only child in one’s family and the CSR-related decision of CEOs, which extends the upper echelon theory by introducing the family science theory into the management domain.
Live fuel moisture and water potential exhibit differing relationships with leaf‐level flammability thresholds
Authors: Boving Indra , Celebrezze Joe , Salladay Ryan , Ramirez Aaron , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Moritz Max
Published: September 2023

In semi‐arid regions where drought and wildfire events often co‐occur, such as in Southern California chaparral, relationships between plant hydration, drought‐ and fire‐adapted traits may explain landscape‐scale wildfire dynamics. To examine these patterns, fire scientists and plant physiologists quantify hydration in plants via mass‐based metrics of water content, including live fuel moisture, or pressure‐based metrics of physiological status, such as xylem water potential; however, relationships across these metrics, plant traits and flammability remain unresolved.

To determine the impact of hydration on tissue‐level flammability (leaves and stems), we conducted laboratory dehydration tests across wet and dry seasons in which we simultaneously measured xylem water potential, live fuel moisture and flammability. We tested two widespread chaparral shrubs, Adenostoma fasciculatum and Ceanothus megacarpus.

Live fuel moisture showed a threshold‐type relationship with tissue flammability (increased ignitability and combustibility at specific hydration levels) that aligned with drought‐response traits (turgor loss point) and fire behaviour (increased fire likelihood and spread) identified at the landscape scale. Water potential was the better predictor of flammability in linear statistical models.

A. fasciculatum was more flammable than C. megacarpus, and both species were more flammable during the wet growing season, suggesting seasonal growth or drought‐related tissue characteristics other than moisture content, such as lignin or chemical content, are critical for determining flammability.

Our results suggest a mechanism for landscape‐scale increases in flammability at specific levels of drought stress. Integration of drought‐related traits, such as the turgor loss point, might improve models of wildfire risk in drought‐ and fire‐prone systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Describing posterior distributions of variance components: Problems and the use of null distributions to aid interpretation
Authors: Pick Joel L. , Kasper Claudia , Allegue Hassen , Dingemanse Niels J. , Dochtermann Ned A. , Laskowski Kate L. , Lima Marcos R. , Schielzeth Holger , Westneat David F. , Wright Jonathan , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G.
Published: September 2023

Assessing the biological relevance of variance components estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)‐based mixed‐effects models is not straightforward. Variance estimates are constrained to be greater than zero and their posterior distributions are often asymmetric. Different measures of central tendency for these distributions can therefore vary widely, and credible intervals cannot overlap zero, making it difficult to assess the size and statistical support for among‐group variance. Statistical support is often assessed through visual inspection of the whole posterior distribution and so relies on subjective decisions for interpretation.

We use simulations to demonstrate the difficulties of summarizing the posterior distributions of variance estimates from MCMC‐based models. We then describe different methods for generating the expected null distribution (i.e. a distribution of effect sizes that would be obtained if there was no among‐group variance) that can be used to aid in the interpretation of variance estimates.

Through comparing commonly used summary statistics of posterior distributions of variance components, we show that the posterior median is predominantly the least biased. We further show how null distributions can be used to derive ap‐value that provides complementary information to the commonly presented measures of central tendency and uncertainty. Finally, we show how thesep‐values facilitate the implementation of power analyses within an MCMC framework.

The use of null distributions for variance components can aid study design and the interpretation of results from MCMC‐based models. We hope that this manuscript will make empiricists using mixed models think more carefully about their results, what descriptive statistics they present and what inference they can make.
Reduction of patients’ bed rest time after percutaneous renal biopsy evaluated by the Nursing Outcomes Classification: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Fátima Lucena Amália , Oliveira Magáli Costa , Manfro Roberto Ceratti
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the reduction of patients’ bed rest time after percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) from 24 to 8 h using the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).

Methods

This was a randomized clinical trial registered with Clinical Trials number NCT04629235. The sample comprised 16 patients in the intervention group and 18 in the control group. In the intervention group, the rest time was modified to 8 h, and afterward, the patients were released to ambulate, whereas the control patients remained at absolute rest for 24 h after PRB according to institutional protocol. All patients were observed for 24 h and evaluated at five time points with the outcomes and indicators of the NOC: before the biopsy, immediately after, at the 8th hour, at the 12th hour, and at the 24th hour after the procedure.

Results

In the 170 evaluations performed, statistically significant differences were identified in the outcome Comfort status: physical and the indicators “physical well‐being and comfortable position.” None of the complications were related to reduced bed rest time.

Conclusions

Reducing patients’ bed rest time from 24 to 8 h did not increase complications from PRB, and using the NOC provided a standardized and reliable assessment.

Implications for nursing practice

Important evidence was identified for patient care after PRB, demonstrating the positive impact on patient comfort and the possibility of reducing costs to the institution and the workload of the multidisciplinary team. In addition, these findings may contribute to strengthening the use of NOC in clinical practice, teaching, and research.
Food stamps and America's poorest
Authors: Jolliffe Dean , Margitic Juan , Ravallion Martin , Tiehen Laura
Published: September 2023

This paper assesses the extent to which Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)—one of America's largest antipoverty programs—has reached the poorest. We compute a novel measure of the floor of income, an estimated income level of the poorest individuals in society. We measure the floor with and without SNAP benefits included in family income using 29 years of Current Population Survey (CPS) data. We correct for underreporting of SNAP participation and benefits for a subset of years and examine alternative data to assess the robustness of our findings. The analysis reveals a long‐term decline in the income floor, whereas adding SNAP to income and correcting for underreporting has reversed this decline and lifted the income floor by more than 75% on average between 2011 and 2016. The declining floor and the remarkable increase in income for the poorest Americans from SNAP are not revealed by poverty headcounts, which focus on changes at the poverty threshold.
Role of serotonin, estrogen, and TNF‐α in the paroxetine‐impaired steroidogenesis and testicular macrophages polarization
Authors: Beltrame Flávia Luciana , Moysés Thiago Henrique Pereira , Coelho Mônica Pereira , Steinvascher Maria Clara Rossetto , de Oliveira Salmo Azambuja , da Silva André Acácio Souza , Cerri Paulo Sérgio , Sasso‐Cerri Estela
Published: September 2023

Background

Paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, has caused male sexual dysfunction; however, the paroxetine mechanisms of action in testes are still unclear.

Objectives

Paroxetine serotonergic effects in testes were evaluated, focusing on steroidogenesis and the correlation between macrophages population and possible TNF‐α‐derived oxidative stress. We also verified whether the changes are reversible following treatment interruption.

Materials and methods

Adult rats received paroxetine (PG35 and PG65) or tap water (CG) for 35 days. PG65 was maintained without treatment for 30 more days. Intratesticular testosterone (IT), nitrite, and malondialdehyde concentrations were measured. To confirm serotonergic and estrogenic effects, Htr1b and Esr1 expressions were analyzed. The daily sperm production (DSP), frequency of abnormal seminiferous tubules (ST), SC number, ST area, and Leydig cells nuclear area (LCnu) were evaluated. TUNEL+ germ cells, M1 (CD68+), and M2 (Perls+) macrophages were quantified. 17β‐HSD7, CYP19A1, NDRG2, oxytocin, TNF‐α, and iNOS were evaluated by immunoreactions. Oxytocin and NDRG2 protein levels as well as Tnfa mRNA expression were also analyzed.

Results

The Htr1b downregulation in testes confirmed the paroxetine serotonergic effect. The testicular sections showed abnormal ST frequency, ST atrophy and reduction of DSP, LCnu, SC number and Perls+ macrophages. TUNEL+ germ cells and LC were associated with strong NDRG2 immunoexpression. Paroxetine reduced IT levels and 17β‐HSD7 immunoexpression in parallel to increased CYP19A1, oxytocin, TNF‐α and iNOS. Esr1 and Tnfa overexpression and increased number of CD68+ macrophages were also observed together with high nitrite and malondialdehyde levels. Most parameters were not recovered in PG65.

Conclusions

Paroxetine serotonergic effect impairs LC steroidogenesis, via aromatization, increasing estrogen/testosterone ratio, which in turn upregulate NDRG2, promoting apoptosis, and impairing sperm production. Serotonin–estrogen pathways may be responsible for M2/M1 polarization, Tnfa upregulation, and induction of oxidative stress. The unrecovered testicular changes after treatment discontinuation are due to persistent paroxetine serotonin/estrogen effects.
EAA/EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Y‐chromosomal microdeletions: State of the art 2023
Authors: Krausz Csilla , Navarro‐Costa Paulo , Wilke Martina , Tüttelmann Frank
Published: September 2023

Testing for AZoospermia Factor (AZF) deletions of the Y chromosome is a key component of the diagnostic workup of azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men. This revision of the 2013 European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and EMQN CIC (previously known as the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network) laboratory guidelines summarizes recent clinically relevant advances and provides an update on the results of the external quality assessment program jointly offered by both organizations. A basic multiplex PCR reaction followed by a deletion extension analysis remains the gold‐standard methodology to detect and correctly interpret AZF deletions. Recent data have led to an update of the sY84 reverse primer sequence, as well as to a refinement of what were previously considered as interchangeable border markers for AZFa and AZFb deletion breakpoints. More specifically, sY83 and sY143 are no longer recommended for the deletion extension analysis, leaving sY1064 and sY1192, respectively, as first‐choice markers. Despite the transition, currently underway in several countries, toward a diagnosis based on certified kits, it should be noted that many of these commercial products are not recommended due to an unnecessarily high number of tested markers, and none of those currently available are, to the best of our knowledge, in accordance with the new first‐choice markers for the deletion extension analysis. The gr/gr partial AZFc deletion remains a population‐specific risk factor for impaired sperm production and a predisposing factor for testicular germ cell tumors. Testing for this deletion type is, as before, left at the discretion of the diagnostic labs and referring clinicians. Annual participation in an external quality control program is strongly encouraged, as the 22‐year experience of the EMQN/EAA scheme clearly demonstrates a steep decline in diagnostic errors and an improvement in reporting practice.