bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Unicameral Bone Cysts of the Proximal Femur With Internal Fixation Lessens the Risk of Additional Surgery
Authors: Wilke Benjamin , Houdek Matthew , Rao Rameshwar R. , Caird Michelle S. , Larson A. Noelle , Milbrandt Todd
Published: August 2017

Little data exist to guide the treatment of unicameral bone cysts in the proximal femur. Methods of treatment include corticosteroid injections, curettage and bone grafting, and internal fixation. The authors completed a multi-institutional, retrospective review to evaluate their experience with proximal femoral unicameral bone cysts. They posed the following questions: (1) Does internal fixation reduce the risk of further procedures for the treatment of a unicameral bone cyst? (2) Is radiographic healing faster with internal fixation? Following institutional review board approval, the authors conducted a retrospective review of 36 patients treated for a unicameral bone cyst of the proximal femur at their institutions between 1974 and 2014. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to identify patient demographics and treatment outcomes. Tumor locations included femoral neck (n=13), intertrochanteric (n=16), and subtrochanteric (n=7). Initial treatment included steroid injection (n=2), curettage and bone grafting (n=9), and internal fixation with curettage and bone grafting (n=25). Mean time was 9 months to radiographic healing and 15 months to return to full activity. The number of patients requiring additional surgeries was increased among those who did not undergo internal fixation. There was no difference in time to radiographic healing. However, time to return to normal activities was reduced if patients had received internal fixation. A significant reduction in additional procedures was observed when patients had been treated with internal fixation. Although this did not influence time to radiographic healing, patients did return to normal activities sooner. Internal fixation should be considered in the treatment of proximal femoral unicameral bone cysts. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e862–e867.]
Characteristics and Efficacy of a New 3-Dimensional Printed Mesh Structure Titanium Alloy Spacer for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Chung Sung-Soo , Lee Kyung-Joon , Kwon Yoo-Beom , Kang Kyung-Chung
Published: August 2017

This study evaluated the characteristics of a newly developed 3-dimensional printed mesh structure titanium spacer and its efficacy for posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with this spacer was performed at 53 segments (40 patients; mean age, 64 years; range, 51–73 years). Data were collected prospectively. Radiographic characteristics were analyzed with changes in interbody height, instability of the segments, formation of bone bridges around the implants, and pseudarthrosis, as determined by dynamic radiographs and postoperative computed tomography scans. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the visual analog scale for the low back and extremities, the Oswestry Disability Index, and the 36-Item Short Form Survey. Radiographically, preoperative anterior and posterior interbody height was significantly increased immediately postoperatively (
P
<.05), and this increase was maintained until the last follow-up. No segmental motion of 3° or greater was noted at the last follow-up. Sagittal computed tomography images showed complete anterior bone bridges for 94.3% of cases and complete posterior bone bridges for 86.7% of cases. Coronal computed tomography images showed bilateral complete bone bridges for 94.3% of cases and unilateral bone bridges for 5.7% of cases without incomplete bilateral bone bridges. No pseudarthrosis or revision, particularly including posterior lumbar interbody fusion at L5–S1, was noted. Compared with preoperative values, the visual analog scale score for the low back and extremities, the Oswestry Disability Index, and the 36-Item Short Form Survey score showed significant improvement at the last follow-up (
P
<.05). Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with a newly developed 3-dimensional printed mesh structure titanium spacer showed satisfactory radiographic and clinical results, with no cases of pseudarthrosis or revision, including posterior lumbar interbody fusion at L5–S1. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e880–e885.]
Spinal tuberculosis paraplegia associated with anterior spinal artery infarction: a very rare presentation
Authors: Thillainathan S. , Adhikari M. , Marasinghe I.U.K. , Priyangika D.K.D. , Premawansa G.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Paraplegia is the most dreaded complication of spinal tuberculosis. Here we present a patient with a clinical picture consistent with spinal tuberculosis associated with anterior spinal arterial infarction presenting as paraplegia.
Can the operating time be reduced by use of magnification in Total Thyroidectomy? A preliminary Study
Authors: Seneviratne R.W. , Kumara M.M.A.J. , Abeywickrama R. , Kumarasinghe J.P.M. , De Silva P.V.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Total thyroidectomy is a major surgical procedure which is becoming increasingly popular. Operating Time taken for total thyroidectomy can be approximately 3- 4 hours. Thyroidectomy surgeries still occupy a significant portion of busy general surgical lists in high volume thyroid centers such as Surgical Professorial Unit of Teaching Hospital Karapitiya. With resource constrains this implies much theatre time, staff and costs with significant bearing on health care demands. Reduction in operating time with consequent reduction in time under anesthesia is beneficial to patient too. This study was carried out to explore whether the surgical time is reduced by using magnification by the surgeon for total thyroidectomy. Methods: The operating procedure of total thyroidectomy was divided in to 10 phases for the purpose of study. Surgeon A, who has been doing thyroid surgery for last 10 years without any magnification, was selected as the object of the study. Three total thyroidectomies performed by surgeon A was observed and records were made by surgeon B for timing of each phase and for any other significant events occurred during the operation. Surgeon A has been using magnification for next 10 thyroidectomies which allowed him to get over the steepest part of the learning curve. This was not included in the study. Subsequently surgeon A performed 14 thyroidectomies over next two months and 11 of them were observed by the other surgeon B. Results: Results of the three observed thyroidectomies done without magnification: Control Group (CG) was compared with the group in which thyroidectomies were done under magnification: Study Group (SG). There were no significant difference between SG and CG with regard to time taken during the path from skin incision to isthmus (S1). During the dissection over anterolateral surface of the left lobe (S2) significant difference was observed with CG gaining 1.91 minute average time advantage. More deliberations were observed over small strands containing minute blood vessels which were usually dissected bluntly in CG. Total operating time (Skin to skin) was 109.76 minutes for SG and 146.67 for CG. Conclusion: The study shows that approximately 45 minute reduction in operating time can be achieved with use of loupes. This preliminary study has given an insight in to how and why operating time for total thyroidectomy can be reduced by the use of loupe magnification.
Occupational exposure to sharps injuries among doctors working in two Teaching Hospitals in the Southern Province
Authors: Wimalasena T.B. , Liyanarachchi N.D. , Wijesinghe C.J. , De Silva P.V.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Sharps injuries with contaminated instruments are a common occupational hazard among health care workers, often exposing them to life threatening blood borne infections. Management of sharps injuries poses a considerable burden on health care system, due to expensive post exposure investigations and treatment. This study was conducted to assess the incidence and post-exposure management of sharps injuries among doctors working in two teaching hospitals in Southern Province.Methods: A hospital based, cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 248 doctors working in Teaching Hospitals Karapitiya and Mahamodara. Data on exposure to sharp injuries and post-exposure management were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software package. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna.Results: The sample consisted of 42 (16.9%) consultants, 33 (13.3%) postgraduate trainees, 148 (59.7%) grade medical officers and 25 (10.1%) interns. More than one fifth (n=53, 21.5%) of the sample have sustained sharp injuries during patient care encounters during previous 6 months. Out of them, 94.3% (n=50) were needle prick injuries. Almost two thirds (n=34, 64.2%) of these sharp injuries were not notified to the infection control unit of the respective hospital. Risk assessment was done in only 68.4% of notified cases. A statistically significant association was found between exposure status and the professional category of doctors. Intern medical officers reported the highest percentage of sharps injuries, whereas the consultants were the least exposed (68% Vs. 2.4%, p<0.01).Conclusions and recommendations: Exposure to sharp injuries is a common occurrence among doctors. Professional category is associated with risk of exposure and the current post-exposure management is highly unsatisfactory. Training on standard precautions, particularly on prevention and management of sharps injuries should be emphasized more in medical curricula. Periodic ongoing training programmes should be conducted on above practices.
DiGeorge syndrome: a case report
Authors: Arachchi I. Kankanan , Devasiri I.V. , Rathuwithana C. , Wackwella W.G.H.C. , Atapattu N.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is a genetic disorder caused by deletion of chromosome 22. The main features are congenital heart disease, absence or hypoplasia of thymus, hypoparathyroidism with consecutive hypocalcaemia. We report a case of an infant presented with hypocalcaemia-induced seizures with an associated thymic aplasia.
Olanzapine induced Diabetic ketoacidosis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Wickramasinghe D.S.A. , Weeratunga D.N. , Rupasinghe S.U. , Gunarathna M.U.D. , Lekamwasam J.D.V.C.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an uncommon life threatening adverse reaction with the use of atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine. In addition, Olanzapine therapy is associated with increased incidence of diabetes. Here we describe a rare occurrence of Diabetes Keto Acidosis (DKA) and NMS in a young male treated with Olanzapine.
Ask the right question
Authors: Karunatilake Harindra
Published: August 2017

No abstract available
Interventions for sexually abused children - a mismatch between evidence and practice is harmful to children
Authors: Dharmawardene Vajira
Published: August 2017

No abstract available
Clinicopathological study of epithelial salivary gland tumours-a retrospective study
Authors: Jayawardana R. A. D. T. M. , Dias D. K.
Published: August 2017

Introducton: Tumours of the salivary glands are infrequent, yet they represent an extensive variety of both benign and malignat tumours. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological data to determine the distribution of epithelial salivary gland tumours(SGT) in patients who were diagnosed at OMFS unit , TH-Karapitiya, Sri Lanka from 2004 to 2014. Material and methods: Total of 77 SGT were diagnosed in the period of 11 years were reviewed using biopsy reports. Results: Out of 77 epithelial SGTs 35 were benign , 42 were malignat. Indicating a benign to malignat ratio of 1: 1.2. Malignat tumours were more common in minor salivary glands indicating a percentage of 59.52% of total malignat tumours.When considering minor SGT, 73.52% were malignat. Conclusion: There was a higher occurrence of malignat tumours in minor salivary glands in this study.
Prevalence of traumatic injuries among female workers in garment industry in Dickwella Divisional Secretariat area
Authors: Sewwandi H. R. A. , Fonseka N. H. D. P. , De Silva P. V.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Work related injuries are a major public health problem in Sri Lanka today. Garment industry is the major foreign exchange earner in Sri Lanka and work related traumatic injuries are more common among workers of garment industry, the majority of which are women. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and associated factors of traumatic injuries among female workers in garment industry. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female garment workers working in two garment factories in Dickwella Divisional Secretariat area. Three hundred and twelve workers were randomly selected according to the proportion of total workers in each factory. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. All data was analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences. Results: The population consisted of 312 female workers. The mean age range was 26-35 years. Most of the participants (63.8%) had educated up to G.C.E. Ordinary Level. One hundred and seventy four (55.8%) were sewing machine operators. Of the participants 73.1% worked 8-9 hours per day and 53.5% worked 6-10 hours per week as over time. Prevalence of traumatic injuries was 35.3% among workers during the previous 12 months. Rushing at work (46.4%) was the most common cause followed by carelessness (25.5%). Puncture injuries (48.2%) were the commonest type of injuries while contusions and abrasion (19.1%) were the second commonest type and fingers (57.8%) were the commonest injured body part. Large majority (91.3%) of participants were satisfied about the safety of the working environment. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of traumatic injuries among female workers in garment industry in Dickwella Divisional Secretariat area. Although the garment factories have a good working environment according to the workers, worker related causes such as rushing at work and carelessness were the major reasons for these injuries.
Blood Transfusion during caesarean delivery
Authors: Premarathna H. K. S. I. , Rangana G. W. A. R. , Weerasinghe C. J. , Wicramanayaka R. P. , Jayaweera M. T. D.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Blood transfusion is considered as a life saving measure in obstetrics. However, at present it is not considered safe all the time due to transfusion reactions and infections. The mother is at risk of increased bleeding, because caesarean section may result in twice the blood loss of vaginal delivery (due to placental attachment and two surgical scars). In Sri Lankan setup, grouping and cross matching are done prior to each and every caesarean section without considering the presence or absence of risk factors even with less facilities available. During caesarean section in Sri Lanka blood transfusion to cross matching ratio is considered to be low. Objectives: To determine the proportion of blood transfusions performed among mothers whose blood was grouped and cross-matched for Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). To find out the indications/ associated factors for blood transfusion in LSCS Method & Materials: A retrospective cross sectional study carried out in Obstetric Units, General Hospital Matara Sri Lanka. Data collected from all the bed head tickets and other records available at Blood Bank General Hospital Matara belong to mothers who underwent elective and emergency caesarean sections from 30th July 2013 to 1st of June 2014 Results: Our sample size was 3174 mothers majority underwent Elective Lower segment caesarean section (EL/LSCS) (57.5%) & 42.5% were Emergency Lower segment caesarean section (EM/LSCS). Only 1.85% of mothers transfused blood during LSCS, as 3.38% during EL/LSCS & 96.6% during EM/LSCS. Lower segment large fibroid (50%) & placenta accreta + past section (50%) were two indications that need blood transfusion during EL/LSCS in our research. Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) (15.78%), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) (8.77%), postpartum haemorrhage (26.31%), Anaemia Hb 7.6-8.2g/dl (36.84%), Twin pregnancy (5.26%) & placenta previa were other indication that need blood transfusion in EM/LSCS. Conclusions: This study shows each & every mother who undergo EL/LSCS do not need blood transfusion & cross matching especially in EL/LSCS. According to our study patients with following risk factors need blood grouping & cross matching. APH, PIH, Placental abnormalities, Anaemia (Hb 7.6-8.2g/dl), Twin pregnancy, and pregnancy complicated with abnormal uterine condition eg: - fibroids, placenta accrete.
Intestinal hymphangieclesia in an adult presented with intestinal obstruction which required laparotomy
Authors: Rohana A. M. V. , Perera R.
Published: August 2017

Intestinal hymphangieclesia has been recorded in children, often in neonates usually with other congenital abnormalities But this condition has been increasingly common in adult. We present 60 year old patient who presented with intestinal hymphangieclesia with features of Intestinal obstruction and required laparotomy.
Transient thromboembolic event in a child with severe hemophilia a due to venous obstruction
Authors: Athugalpura D. M. A. A. , Jayathilaka M. M. , Jayathilaka A. , Gunathilaka P. K. G. , Kankananarachchi I. , Gamhewage N.
Published: August 2017

Venous thrombosis is a very rare occurrence in patients with hemophilia A. We present a one year old child with severe hemophilia A, who developed deep vein thrombosis in antecubital fossa following venous obstruction due to bleeding around the vein. We didn’t start anticoagulant therapy to our patient because of the risk of further bleeding into subdural hemorrhage he had already developed. We could manage the thrombosis and save the limb by relieving the obstruction with replacement of factor VIII.
Effect of fenugreek leaf extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of wheat straw-based diet (Triticum aestivum L.) fed to buffaloes
Authors: Dey A. , Paul S.S. , Pandey P. , Punia B.S. , Dahiya S.S. , Lailer P.C. , Saxena N.
Published: August 2017

The secondary metabolites present in some plants have the potential in modifying rumen fermentation due to their antimicrobial activity. The present study aimed investigating the effect of dosing extracts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) leaves on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758). The leaves of fenugreek were dried at 45-50 °C and ground to pass through 1 mm sieve. Extracts (100 ml) were prepared with 10 g powdered sample using three solvents namely, ethanol, methanol and water, and stored at 4 °C for subsequent use. The extracts were tested at three levels (0, 1.0 and 2.0 ml). A 60:40 mixture (200 ± 5 mg) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw and concentrate feed was used as substrate and incubated with 30 ml buffered rumen fluid in 100 ml calibrated glass syringes at 39 °C for 24 hrs following the standard IVGP protocol. Gas production was recorded by displacement of piston in the syringe. Methane in the gas phase and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the fermentation medium were estimated by GLC. The total gas and methane production was reduced significantly (p<0.001) with the increase in microbial biomass production by inclusion of methanol extract of fenugreek leaves. Acetate production was reduced with increase of propionate, which reduced the acetate to propionate ratio (p<0.05). The truly degradable dry matter content was increased by the addition of methanol extract. Results of this study suggested the potential use of methanol extract of fenugreek leaves as an anti-methanogenic feed additive to improve rumen fermentation in buffaloes.
Formulation of low cost artificial diet for Rrearing diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.)
Authors: Perera M.T.M.D.R. , Senanayake N. , Premachandra A.G.P.K.
Published: August 2017

Use of biological agents for insect pest control is important to prevent degradation of natural resources and for consumers to have insecticide residue-free vegetables. Launching of such programmes to use parasites and parasitoids as biocontrol agents for insect pest control need rearing crop pests for parasitization purposes. Mass rearing of the diamondback moth (DBM; Plutella xylostella L.) in the laboratory using artificial diet is necessary to have a continuous supply of parasitoids for field release. Experiments were conducted in the Plant Quarantine Unit at Gannoruwa in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka using second instar DBM larvae. Nine artificial diets (AD1 to AD9) were formulated for rearing DBM and compared with cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) leaves as the control. The AD2 to AD9 were formulated by modifying the expensive Biever and Boldt diet (AD1) with low cost material i.e. partial replacement of agar with gelatin, Casein with soya flour, Biever’s yeast with ordinary yeast, raw wheat germ with ‘semolina’, Alphacel with filter papers, aureomycin with tetracycline, and linseed oil with vegetable oil. The results indicated that all the treatments had less survival rate of the DBM than the control. The percentage survival of the DBM on AD7, AD4, AD8 and AD5 diets were 48, 60, 60 and 72, respectively, compared to the control. The length of larvae was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all treatments compared to control and D5 diets. The larval period in AD5 diet (8-12 days), though extended, was comparable to control (8-10 days). However, the mean weight of pupae reared on AD5 diet was significantly higher (p<0.05; 5.2 mg) than those of other diets. The number of males emerging from AD2, AD4, AD8 and AD9 diets were higher than others whereas control and AD5 gave similar results (p>0.05). Eggs laid per female were low in DBM reared in all artificial diets. The length of life cycle was low in AD5 (15-19 days) comparable to other diets. Overall results indicated that the AD4, AD5 and AD8 were better than other diets while AD5 was comparable to the control suggesting that this diet can be used for mass rearing of DBM in the laboratory.
Development of a model for mass production of Neoseiulus longispinosus, a phytoseiid predator of spider mites
Authors: Jayasinghe G. G. , Mallik B.
Published: August 2017

The two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) is a serious pest in greenhouses as well as on field grown crops. The predatory mites are important in regulating spider mite populations and should be conserved whenever possible due to their great predatory potential. The pyhtoseiid predator Neoseiulus (Amblyseius) longispinosus (Evans) has a wide distribution and has the ability to adapt to warm temperature inside poly houses under South Indian conditions. This study was undertaken to develop an efficient mass multiplication model for N. longispinosus. To determine the highest yield of predatory mite N. lonigispinosus, both the prey (T. urticae; 5 and 10 per leaflet) and predator mites (2 and 4 per leaflet) were released at two different ratio on French bean (FB) plants at four different growth stages as a tri trophic system. The treatments were imposed with three replicates in a factorial arrangement. Prey mites were released at 20, 25, 30 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) and predatory mites were released 10 days after prey mite release. The number of eggs, immature stages and adults of spider mites as well as predatory mites in each sample was recorded from 35 DAS. Two models where ten spider mites were released per leaflet on 20 DAS with 2 and 4 predatory mites released at 30 DAS, and the third model where release of spider mites at 25 DAS with two predators per leaflet were released, gave the highest yields of the predator. The first model was the most suitable, where the predators harvested was 1,087,130 (55 DAS), 1,362,600 (60 DAS) and 2,000,700 (65 DAS) per 300 pots, at a cost of production of Indian Rupees (INR) 7.5, 6.4 and 4.63 for 1000 predators, respectively. When four predators were used in the above model, 146,230, 325,840, 700,110 and 1,083,700 predators were harvested per 300 pots in 35, 40, 45 and 50 DAS, respectively. The costs of the 1000 predators were INR 40.39, 19.85, 10.04 and 7, respectively. The present models were based on two repeated cycles (two times) and the information generated may be insufficient to draw a solid conclusion. Hence, these models need to be tested thoroughly to stabilize predator production.
Prevalence of pathotypes of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. causing Asian soybean rust in India
Authors: Devaraj L. , Jahagirdar S. , Basavaraja G. T.
Published: August 2017

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. is a potential disease causing severe losses in yield and oil quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The physiological variability studies were carried out for 25 isolates collected from different growing environment of Karnataka, India during Kharif 2010-2012. Morphological and cultural characters of 25 isolates were studied under identical condition. Among 25 isolates, the maximum uredospore size was found in Ugarkhurd isolate (90.93×70.05 μm). The differential JS-335 reacted to the maximum of eight isolates, and isolate Rayanal produced both RB and TAN reaction on most of the differentials. In the clustering of different isolates into pathotypes, the cluster analysis indicated the expression of eight isolates on differential JS-335 and there was no expression of all the isolates on differential PI-459024B. In cluster-II, nine isolates expressed on PI-200492, while one isolate expressed on JS-335. In cluster-III, 23 isolates expressed on PI-459024B and 12 isolates expressed on PI-200492. Hence, this study described the three pathotypes that causes soybean rust in India namely, Cluster I-Reddish Brown (RB) lesion producing pathotypes, Cluster II - TAN lesion producing pathotypes and Cluster III - Mixed or RB + TAN producing pathotypes. This information could further be used for identification of race pattern in Karnataka and other major rust prone areas of India.
Premodern Rulership and Contemporary Political Power
Authors: Mroziewicz Karolina Anna , Sroczynski Aleksander , Figurski Pawel , Carvajal Castro Álvaro , Spingou Foteini , Kozłowski Wojciech , Máté Ágnes , Olechnowicz Emilia , Szegedi Gábor , Słodkowski Piotr , Probulski Andrzej , Ion Alexandra
Published: August 2017

In the medieval period, the monarch was seen as the embodiment of the community of his kingdom, the body politic. And while we've long since shed that view, it nonetheless continues to influence our understanding of contemporary politics. This book offers thirteen case studies from premodern and contemporary Europe that demonstrate the process through which political corporations-bodies politic-were and continue to be constructed and challenged. Drawing on history, archaeology, literary criticism, and art history, the contributors survey a wide geographical and chronological spectrum to offer a panoramic view of these dynamic political entities.
Combined impacts of nitrous acid and nitryl chloride on lower-tropospheric ozone: new module development in WRF-Chem and application to China
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Qinyi , Wang Tao , Ahmadov Ravan , Zhang Qiang , Li Meng , Lv Mengyao
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2) – through their photolysis – can have profound effects on the nitrogen cycle and oxidation capacity of the lower troposphere. Previous numerical studies have separately considered and investigated the sources/processes of these compounds and their roles in the fate of reactive nitrogen and the production of ozone (O3), but their combined impact on the chemistry of the lower part of the troposphere has not been addressed yet. In this study, we updated the WRF-Chem model with the currently known sources and chemistry of HONO and chlorine in a new chemical mechanism (CBMZ_ReNOM), and applied it to a study of the combined effects of HONO and ClNO2 on summertime O3 in the boundary layer over China. We simulated the spatial distributions of HONO, ClNO2, and related compounds at the surface and within the lower troposphere. The results showed that the modeled HONO levels reached up to 800–1800 ppt at the surface (0–30 m) over the North China Plain (NCP), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions and that HONO was concentrated within a 0–200 m layer. In comparison, the simulated surface ClNO2 mixing ratio was around 800–1500 ppt over the NCP, YRD, and central China regions and was predominantly present in a 0–600 m layer. HONO enhanced daytime ROx (OH + HO2 + RO2) and O3 at the surface (0–30 m) by 2.8–4.6 ppt (28–37 %) and 2.9–6.2 ppb (6–13 %), respectively, over the three most developed regions, whereas ClNO2 increased surface O3 in the NCP and YRD regions by 2.4–3.3 ppb (or 5–6 %) and it also had a significant impact (3–6 %) on above-surface O3 within 200–500 m. The combined effects increased surface O3 by 11.5, 13.5, and 13.3 % in the NCP, YRD, and PRD regions, respectively. Over the boundary layer (0–1000 m), the HONO and ClNO2 enhanced O3 by up to 5.1 and 3.2 %, respectively, and their combined effect increased O3 by 7.1–8.9 % in the three regions. The new module noticeably improved O3 predictions at ∼ 900 monitoring stations throughout China by reducing the mean bias from −4.3 to 0.1 ppb. Our study suggests the importance of considering these reactive nitrogen species simultaneously into chemical transport models to better simulate the formation of summertime O3 in polluted regions.
Contrasting the Co-variability of Daytime Cloud and Precipitation over Tropical Land and Ocean
Authors: Jin Daeho , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin , Cho Nayeong , Tan Jackson
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The co-variability of cloud and precipitation in the extended tropics (35° N–35° S) is investigated using contemporaneous datasets for a 13-year period. The goal is to quantify the relationship between cloud types and precipitation events of particular strength. Particular attention is paid to whether the relationship exhibits different characteristics over tropical land and ocean. A major analysis metric is correlation coefficients between fractions of individual cloud types and frequencies within precipitation histogram bins that have been matched in time and space. The cloud type fractions are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) joint histograms of cloud top pressure and cloud optical thickness in one-degree grid cells, and the precipitation frequencies come from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) dataset aggregated to the same grid. It is found that the strongest coupling (positive correlation) between clouds and precipitation occurs for cumulonimbus clouds and heaviest rainfall over ocean. While the same cloud type and rainfall bin are also best correlated over land compared to other combinations, the correlation magnitude over land is weaker than over ocean. The difference is attributed to the greater size of convective systems over ocean. It is also found both over ocean and land that the anti-correlation of strong precipitation with weak (i.e., thin and/or low) cloud types is of greater absolute strength than positive correlations between weak cloud types and weak precipitation. Cloud type co-occurrence relationships explain some of the cloud-precipitation anti-correlations. Couplings between weaker rainfall and clouds are also distinct in ocean vs. land, with precipitation predictability when cloud type is known being quite poor in general, particularly over land.
Agricultural ammonia emissions in China: reconciling bottom-up and top-down estimates
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Youfan , Zhao Yuanhong , Henze Daven K. , Zhu Liye , Song Yu , Paulot Fabien , Liu Xuejun , Pan Yuepeng , Huang Binxiang
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Current estimates of agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China differ by more than a factor of 2, hindering our understanding of their environmental consequences. Here we apply both bottom-up statistical and top-down inversion methods to quantify NH3 emissions from agriculture in China for the year 2008. We first assimilate satellite observations of NH3 column concentration from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) using the GEOS-Chem adjoint model to optimize Chinese anthropogenic NH3 emissions at the 1/2° × 2/3° horizontal resolution for March–October 2008. Optimized emissions show a strong summer peak with emissions about 50 % higher in summer than spring and fall, which is underestimated in current bottom-up NH3 emission estimates. To reconcile the latter with the top-down results, we revisit the processes of agricultural NH3 emissions, and develop an improved bottom-up inventory of Chinese NH3 emissions from fertilizer application and livestock waste at the 1/2° × 2/3° resolution. Our bottom-up emission inventory includes more detailed information on crop-specific fertilizer application practices and better accounts for meteorological modulation of NH3 emission factors in China. We find that annual anthropogenic NH3 emissions are 11.7 Tg for 2008 with 5.05 Tg from fertilizer application and 5.31 Tg from livestock waste. The two sources together account for 88 % of total anthropogenic NH3 emissions in China. Our bottom-up emission estimates also show a distinct seasonality peaking in summer, consistent with top-down results from the satellite-based inversion. Further evaluations using surface network measurements show that the model driven by our bottom-up emissions well reproduces the observed spatial and seasonal variations of NH3 gas concentrations and ammonium (NH4+) wet deposition fluxes over China, providing additional credibility to the improvements we have made to our agricultural NH3 emission inventory.
The TOMCAT global chemical transport model v1.6: description of chemical mechanism and model evaluation
Authors: Monks Sarah A. , Arnold Stephen R. , Hollaway Michael J. , Pope Richard J. , Wilson Chris , Feng Wuhu , Emmerson Kathryn M. , Kerridge Brian J. , Latter Barry L. , Miles Georgina M. , Siddans Richard , Chipperfield Martyn P.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. This paper documents the tropospheric chemical mechanism scheme used in the TOMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. The current scheme includes a more detailed representation of hydrocarbon chemistry than previously included in the model, with the inclusion of the emission and oxidation of ethene, propene, butane, toluene and monoterpenes. The model is evaluated against a range of surface, balloon, aircraft and satellite measurements. The model is generally able to capture the main spatial and seasonal features of high and low concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and reactive nitrogen. However, model biases are found in some species, some of which are common to chemistry models and some that are specific to TOMCAT and warrant further investigation. The most notable of these biases are (1) a negative bias in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter and spring CO and a positive bias in Southern Hemisphere (SH) CO throughout the year, (2) a positive bias in NH O3 in summer and a negative bias at high latitudes during SH winter and (3) a negative bias in NH winter C2 and C3 alkanes and alkenes. TOMCAT global mean tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations are higher than estimates inferred from observations of methyl chloroform but similar to, or lower than, multi-model mean concentrations reported in recent model intercomparison studies. TOMCAT shows peak OH concentrations in the tropical lower troposphere, unlike other models which show peak concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere. This is likely to affect the lifetime and transport of important trace gases and warrants further investigation.
Improvement of the SWAT model for event-based flood forecasting
on a sub-daily time scale
Authors: Yu Dan , Xie Ping , Dong Xiaohua , Hu Xiaonong , Liu Ji , Li Yinghai , Peng Tao , Ma Haibo , Wang Kai , Xu Shijin
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Flooding represents one of the most severe natural disasters threatening the development of human society. Flood forecasting systems imbedded with hydrological models are some of the most important non-engineering measures for flood defense. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a well-designed hydrological model that is widely applied for runoff and water quality modeling. The original SWAT model is a long-term yield model. However, a daily simulation time step and continuous time marching limit the use of the SWAT model for detailed, event-based flood forecasting. In addition, SWAT uses a uniform parameter set to parameterize the Unit Hydrograph (UH) for all sub-basins, thereby ignoring the heterogeneity among the sub-basins. This paper developed a method to perform event-based flood forecasting on a sub-daily time scale based on SWAT2005. First, model programs for surface runoff and water routing were modified for a sub-daily time scale. Subsequently, the entire loop structure was broken into discrete flood events in order to obtain a SWAT-EVENT model in which antecedent soil moisture and antecedent reach storage could be obtained from daily simulations of the original SWAT model. Finally, the original lumped UH parameters were refined into distributed parameters to reflect the spatial variability of the studied area. The modified SWAT-EVENT model was used in the Wangjiaba catchment located in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River in China. Daily calibration and validation procedures were first performed for the SWAT model with long-term flow data from 1990 to 2010, after which sub-daily (Δt = 2 h) calibration and validation in the SWAT-EVENT model were conducted with 24 flood events originating primarily during the flood seasons within the same time span. Daily simulation results demonstrated acceptable model performances with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (ENS) values of 0.77 and 0.78 for the calibration and the validation, respectively. Event-based flood simulation results indicated reliable performances, with ENS values varying from 0.66 to 0.95. The SWAT-EVENT model, compared to the SWAT model, also improved the simulation accuracies of the flood peaks. The application of distributed UH parameters within the SWAT-EVENT model can more effectively depict the spatial variability within the study area, resulting in higher qualification ratios of the relative peak discharge error (ERP), relative peak time error (ERPT) and relative runoff volume error (ERR) relative to the application of lumped parameters.
Experimental Design as a Tool for the Optimization of Lipid Production by Meyerozyma guilliermondii in a Crude Glycerol-based Medium
Authors: Ladeira Bruno Loureiro , Burkert Janaína Fernandes de Medeiros , Burkert Carlos André
Published: August 2017

Biodiesel production, which has been increasing worldwide, transformed crude glycerol, the main byproduct of the reaction, into a commodity of low commercial value, especially due to the high costs involved in its purification process and to the fact that the market cannot account for its generation. Therefore, this study aims at contributing to the search for technological alternatives to the use of surplus crude glycerol so as to add value to this byproduct by using it as the carbon source for the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii, in order to yield lipids. The Central Composite Rotational Design was proposed to establish empirical models, codified for lipid content, production and productivity as the result of concentrations of Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) and yeast extract. In the optimized conditions, the lipid content in dry basis, lipid production and lipid productivity were 8.25%, 1.10 g.L-1 and 0.0092 g.L-1.h-1, respectively obtained.
Leveraging Sustainability Reporting in Higher Education Institutions—A Multidimensional Research Agenda
Authors: Schoormann Thorsten , Buhrig Jan , Behrens Dennis , Knackstedt Ralf
Published: August 2017

Sustainability has become increasingly important to research and practice. In order to determine impacts, identify improvement potential and to disclose efforts towards sustainability, an organization needs appropriate reporting. Thus, sustainability reporting has become a topic of broader interest, for example, to assess own situations, enable benchmarking, communicate own efforts and improve trust. Although sustainability reporting is a complex issue, only limited research and guidelines for higher education institutions (HEI) are available. Accordingly, negative impacts occur such as regarding the standardization and, thus, the comparability of reports. This article describes and demonstrates how different approaches from research related to reporting (information systems research in particular) and sustainability can be transferred to the field of sustainability reporting in HEIs to leverage the applicability of such reports. As a result, classifications of existing indicators and methodical approaches are provided, which are based on the analysis of a campus management system and different reporting standards as well as reporting knowledge in general. These classifications indicate that financial aspects are often focused and environmental issues are neglected. Moreover, the findings emphasize the importance of further multidimensional research on different topics such as (re-)development of specific indicators for HEIs, (re-)design of campus management systems and extension of current reporting standards. Therfore, a research agenda—with 18 agenda items—that synthesizes the presented directions is proposed. This agenda can be used to position further research or to derive new and innovative research questions.
Imprensa de nicho e música jovem no Brasil:O Mundo é dos Brotos e Revista do Rock (1960-1965)
Authors: Garson Marcelo
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como, entre 1960 e 1965, a imprensa foi fundamental para dar corpo e substancia à ideia de música jovem no Brasil. Veículos como A Revista do Rádio – em especial a sessão O mundo é dos Brotos, de Carlos Imperial –e também de publicações especializadas, como A Revista do Rock, ajudaram a definir os códigos sonoros, visuais e morais que nortearam um novo nicho profissional de música popular que congregou cantores estreantes, empresários e audiência. Através de diversas estratégias, esse tipo de mídia, portanto, conformou não só simbólica, como também materialmente a entrada de um novo nicho de mercado no mapa musical brasileiro.
“Menores viram cidade do avesso”: infância pobre nas páginas de um jornal semanal (Criciúma, SC, década de 1970)
Authors: Machieski Elisangela Silva , Arend Silvia Maria Fávero
Published: August 2017

O objetivo desse artigo é o de analisar o discurso presente nas reportagens do jornal Tribuna Criciumense, da cidade de Criciúma (SC), acerca da infância pobre na década de 1970, quando o chamado ciclo da marginalização do menor, enunciado pelas autoridades da Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor (FUNABEM), ganhou as páginas dos periódicos brasileiros. As crianças, adolescentes e jovens pobres foram noticiadas no jornal Tribuna Criciumense, sobretudo, sob três enfoques jurídicos: menores abandonados, menores delinquentes e menores trabalhadores. No referido jornal, o discurso jornalístico caminhou no sentido de denunciar o problema do menor associando-o ao ciclo de marginalização, assim como de apontar caminhos para a sua solução. Durante dez anos as mudanças percebidas nesse discurso jornalístico não foram significativas.
As “Cartas a Cunceição” e o humorismo político cearense (1919-1930)
Authors: Amaral Eduardo Lúcio Guilherme
Published: August 2017

A intenção desse artigo é a da discussão acerca da relevância do humorismo como dimensão importante do discurso político. Nesse intento, lança mão das “Cartas a Cunceição”, coluna humorística de Deolindo Barreto, publicada no jornal A Lucta de Sobral (CE) entre os anos de 1919 e 1923.
Imagens insurgentes: notas sobre a fotografia urbana no Ceará
Authors: Reis Filho Osmar Gonçalves
Published: August 2017

presente artigo procura investigar uma inflexão estética importante na fotografia cearense: a emergência da cidade como dispositivo, como um tema privilegiado, uma categoria topológica. Dialogando com os trabalhos de Benjamin, Certeau e Rancière, nos interessa propor aqui uma análise que entrelaça as dimensões estética e política da fotografia. Trata-se de pensar o que pode a imagem fotográfica diante das transformações abusivas pelas quais passam hoje cidades como Fortaleza? Como ela poderia intervir no espaço urbano, reconfigurando os territórios sensíveis, apontando para novas formas de viver e habitar juntos? Para tanto, propomos uma interseção teórica e analítica com o ensaio Gente no Centro (2011), de Silas de Paula.
Quando o coletivo alcança a fotografia
Authors: Queiroga Eduardo
Published: August 2017

O artigo se propõe a diferenciar as práticas dos “coletivos fotograficos contemporâneos” – que surgem com maior intensidade no início do século XXI – em relação a outras experiências que agruparam fotógrafos ao longo da história, em especial os fotoclubes, as agências e o projeto de documentação Farm Security Administration. Observa também a atuação dos fotógrafos Endre Friedman, Gerda Taro, Hilla e Bernard Becher.
Fotojornalismo: entre o oblíquo e o referencial
Authors: Schiavoni Jaqueline Esther
Published: August 2017

Este texto tem por objeto de reflexão a imagem Touché, de Wilton Junior, vencedora da 57ª edição do Prêmio Esso de Jornalismo, na categoria Fotografia. As análises tomam em consideração autores como Roland Barthes, Jean-Marie Floch e Jacques Fontanille para explicitar a problemática em torno do sentido da referida imagem e de sua publicação no jornal Estado de S. Paulo.
O sentido háptico e a politização da imagem contemporânea
Authors: Silva Tarcisio Torres
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho, propomos uma abordagem teórica sobre os efeitos políticos do sentido do tato/háptico, de forma a entender em que medida a intensificação da experiência háptica contemporânea colabora para criar proximidade e engajamento entre indivíduos, sobrecarregados pelo excesso de informação visual oferecido por múltiplas mídias. Ao final, utilizamos a obra do artista brasileiro Rodrigo Braga, para exemplificar o uso político do sentido háptico na contemporaneidade.
Notas sobre a fotografia analógica e digital
Authors: Fatorelli Antônio
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo destaca a dinâmica particular associada à dupla articulação da imagem fotográfica, simultaneamente referida a uma condição do mundo e ao seu próprio modo constitutivo. Evidencia-se, no atual momento transicional, marcado pela elasticização dos regimes temporais das imagens e pela sem precedente plasticidade do referente, a importância da reflexão crítica voltar-se à identificação das singularidades apresentadas pela produção fotográfica contemporânea, analógica e digital, nas suas recorrentes configurações híbridas e expandidas.
(Nin–guém)
Authors: De Paula Silas
Published: August 2017

Este artigo aborda questões relativas ao Realismo Especulativo e o Universo das Coisas. Com base em autores como Bryant, L., Srnicek, N., Harman, G. Shaviro, S. Steyerls, entre outros, propõe um distanciamento das interpretações das práticas artísticas que têm priorizado os elementos linguísticos frente aos aspectos físicos da obra, para um retorno à materialidade do objeto e procura demonstrar que, na prática, a realização de mostras e eventos contemporâneos atestam a simpatia de fotógrafos e artistas à nova abordagem filosófica.