bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generating a multi-mode vortex beam based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Zhu Juan-Feng , Du Chao-Hai , Zhang Zi-Wen , Li Fan-Hong
Published: August 2022

The vortex beam provides a promising alternative for next-generation wireless communication, but it is a long-standing challenge to generate a multi-mode and robust vortex beam. In this Letter, a multi-mode vortex beam emitter is introduced and experimentally verified based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP). The SSPP on a helical grating carries multi-mode orbital angular momentum and can be converted into a high-purity vortex beam via the diffraction of a ring array. The operation frequency and topological charge are determined by that of the SSPP. This emitter can achieve the function of beam-scanning in each radiation band. The beam-scanning and vortex characteristics are experimentally verified. The designed emitter is compact and robust, and we are confident that this work will have great application prospects in communication systems.
Boolean logic gates implemented by a single photonic neuron based on a semiconductor Fano laser
Authors: Chen Taiyi , Zhou Pei , Huang Yu , Zeng Yao , Xiang Shuiying , Li Nianqiang
Published: August 2022

We propose and numerically demonstrate a high-speed photonic neuron model using a single semiconductor Fano laser (FL) under electrical modulation that can mimic the Class 1 and Class 3 neuronal dynamics. In this model, the unwanted relaxation oscillation found in the spiking dynamics of conventional semiconductor lasers can be suppressed by the formation of a Fano mirror. The Boolean logic operations are tested based on the dynamics of the photonic neuron combined with the all-or-none law and time encoding method, which are the key properties of biological neurons. The results show that the Boolean logic gates can be successfully implemented in the proposed photonic neuron. Importantly, as a unique type of microscopic laser, the FL has the potential to develop integrated neuromorphic photonic computing systems.
Tin-vacancy centres in diamond for an integrated and efficient spin-photon interface
Authors: Pasini M. , Beukers H. K. C. , Waas C. , Codreanu N. , Brevoord J. M. , De Santis L. , Primavera C. F. , Niese S. K. , Dankers K. T. , Hanson R.
Published: August 2022

We fabricate single tin-vacancy centres in diamond, we perform spectroscopy and coherent population trapping to verify optical driving of the spin states. We investigate the integration in diamond waveguides to realise an efficient spin-photon interface.
Scalable Photonic Integration of Long-Lived Tin-Vacancy Memories at 1.3 K
Authors: Christen Ian , Raniwala Hamza , Colangelo Marco , Chen Kevin , De Santis Linsen Li Lorenzo , Song Yixuan , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Harris Isaac , Sutula Eric Bersin Madison , Berggren Karl , Trusheim Matt , Englund Dirk , Ben Dixon P. , Zhang Xingyu , Kharas Katia Shtyrkova Dave , Murphy Ryan , Hamilton Scott
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a scalable integrated photonics platform operating at 1.3 K as an efficient microwave and optical interface for quantum memories based on tin-vacancy color centers in diamond.
Towards quantum memory heralding using photon-photon non-linearities in a double cavity-QED system
Authors: Cui Guodong , Demircan Samet , Veneros Leonardo Castillo , Bidle William , Jordaan Bertus , Ianzano Christopher , Sagona-Stophel Steven , Figueroa Eden
Published: August 2022

Entanglement-on-demand networks hold tremendous promise, but need heralding and storing. We report progress towards building a quantum processor using a cold rubidium ensemble in double cavity-QED system which helps herald single-photons.
Modelling Quantum Photonics with a Transmon of the IBM Quantum Computer
Authors: Vetlugin Anton N. , Soci Cesare , Zheludev Nikolay I.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a new methodology of modelling phenomena of quantum photonics using the analogy in the evolution of quantum states of a single photon and a transmon, superconducting charge device of the IBM computer.
Practical entanglement based metropolitan quantum key distribution link
Authors: Pelet Yoann , Martin Anthony , Sauder Grégory , Alibart Olivier , Labonté Laurent , Cohen Mathis , Tanzilli Sébastien
Published: August 2022

We present a fully operational, real field quantum key distribution link based on entanglement over 50km of deployed optical fiber. We implemented automated synchronization and real time post treatment to continuously generate secret keys.
Building a Prototype of a Memory-assisted Quantum Repeater Network
Authors: Gera Sonali , Sagona-Stophel Steven , Qing Yuanchi , Andrewski Shane , Wallace Chase , Figueroa Eden
Published: August 2022

We report on progress toward building a first prototype of an entanglement-based Type IT quantum repeater, comprising two cavity enhanced sources of entangled photon pairs, four room temperature Rb vapor quantum memories and a Bell-state measurement station.
Towards Practical Quantum Repeaters Using Room-Temperature Vapor Technology
Authors: Craddock Alexander N. , Wang Yang , Sekelsky Rourke , Flament Mael , Namazi Mehdi
Published: August 2022

We present our work on the development of a bichromatic photon source based on warm atomic vapors. This entanglement source is capable of directly interfacing with telecom networks as well as atomic quantum memories.
Proof-of-Principle Laboratory Demonstration of Long-Baseline Interferometric Imaging Using Distributed Single-Photons
Authors: Brown Matthew , Thiel Valerian , Allgaier Markus , Raymer Michael , Smith Brian , Kwiat Paul , Monnier John
Published: August 2022

We report results of very-long-baseline interferometric imaging using distributed single photons. We demonstrate source autocorrelation reconstruction, and increased signal-to-noise ratio per detected coincidence compared to using classical states as phase reference.
Development of Multi-Qubit Color Center Quantum Memory Module
Authors: Ben Dixon P. , Murphy Ryan , Grein Matt , Nowak W. John , Cummings John , Kharas Dave , Zhang Xingyu , Shtyrkova Katia , Hamilton Scott , Christen Ian , Li Linsen , Bersin Eric , Sutula Madison , Englund Dirk
Published: August 2022

We report on the engineering of a multi-qubit silicon-vacancy-based quantum memory module suitable for quantum networking over optical channels.
Using Machine Learning for the Quantum Design of a Matter-Wave Inteferometer
Authors: Holland Murray
Published: August 2022

In this talk, I will discuss the application of machine learning to the design of an inertial measurement device capable of measuring accelerations and rotations with high-sensitivity. The system this is based on consists of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice potential created by interfering laser beams.
Quantum Holography With Undetected Light
Authors: Töpfer Sebastian , Basset Marta Gilaberte , Fuenzalida Jorge , Steinlechner Fabian , Torres Juan P. , Gräfe Markus
Published: August 2022

We experimentally implemented and characterized a quantum holography setup, by combining phase-shifting with quantum imaging using undetected photons. This allows transmission and phase measurements with a spectral separation between the sampling and detection wavelength.
Optical and Spin Coherence Properties of Single Erbium Ions in Solid-State Hosts
Authors: Dusanowski Ł. , Ourari S. , Horvath S. , Uysal M. T. , Phenicie C. M. , Gray I. , Raha M. , Chen S. , de Leon N. , Thompson J. D.
Published: August 2022

We study coherence of Er3+ ions implanted into solid-state hosts. Using heterogeneously integrated photonic crystal cavities, we isolate single ions, and probe their optical and spin properties using resonance fluorescence and optically detected magnetic resonance.
Photon-Pair Generation in a 45 nm CMOS Microring Cavity: Impact of Spontaneous Raman Scattering
Authors: Ramesh Anirudh , Wang Imbert , Kramnik Danielius , Fargas Cabanillas Josep M. , Stojanović Vladimir , Popović Miloš A. , Kumar Prem
Published: August 2022

We characterize the impact of spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) on photon-pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a CMOS microring cavity by analyzing the single counts in each channel to separate out the contribution of SRS from SFWM. We find the contribution of SRS to the photon counts to be low compared to that from SFWM.
Lasers for Deployed Optical Atomic Clocks
Authors: Timmers Henry , Attar Andrew , Sodergren Bennett , Fassler Star , Barnes Evan , Smith Cole , Rostami Saeid , Vogel Kurt , Knabe Kevin
Published: August 2022

An environmentally-robust optical clockwork based on an ultranarrow linewidth laser is presented. Individual optical subsystem performance of the comb and cw lasers is analyzed, and the potential for integration into next-generation quantum sensors is discussed.
Progress towards a portable polarization-entangled photon source & receiver toolset for quantum network metrology
Authors: Rahmouni Anouar , Gerrits Thomas , Slattery Oliver
Published: August 2022

The aim of this work is to develop low-cost, portable/rack-mounted, robust, and reliable tools for a quantum network testbed. We report our progress on the development of well-characterized prototypes of single-photon sources and receivers.
Remotely prepared structured wave lattices
Authors: Cameron Andrew R. , Cheng Sandra W. L. , Schwarz Sacha , Kapahi Connor , Sarenac Dusan , Grabowecky Michael , Cory David G. , Jennewein Thomas , Pushin Dmitry A. , Resch Kevin J.
Published: August 2022

Spin-orbit entangled photon states with a 2D lattice structure are generated and implemented in a remote state preparation protocol. These novel structured waves provide a method for quantum sensing and manipulation of periodic structures.
A broadband micropillar cavity device for high extraction efficiency of photon pairs
Authors: Ginés Laia , Moczała-Dusanowska Magdalena , Dlaka David , Hošák Radim , Gonzales-Ureta Junior R. , Ježek Miroslav , Harbord Edmund , Oulton Ruth , Höfling Sven , Young Andrew. B. , Schneider Christian , Predojević Ana
Published: August 2022

We present a novel device capable of enhanced and broadband collection of pairs of photons emitted by a single semiconductor quantum dot.
Accurate detection of photon statistics
Authors: Hloušek Josef , Grygar Jan , Dudka Michal , Koutný Dominik , Straka Ivo , Ježek. Miroslav
Published: August 2022

We present advanced methods of photon-number-resolving detection, which allow for photon statistics measurement and quantum feature extraction with unprecedented accuracy and dynamic range. Applications include nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity detection, photon statistics discrimination, and conditional preparation.
Polarized single photons from a cavity-enhanced atom-light interface with coherent re-preparation
Authors: Ernst Jan Ole , Álvarez Juan-Rafael , Barrett Thomas D. , Kuhn Axel
Published: August 2022

We propose a scheme to generate single photons from 87Rb atoms. The com-bination of coherent STIRAP re-preparation and optical pumping allows for the efficient generation of streams of indistinguishable photons with promising use-cases.
Schemes for Nonclassical Light Generation with a Single Multilevel Atom in a Cavity
Authors: Elliott A. E. J. , Parkins S.
Published: August 2022

Raman transitions between atomic sublevels in a continuously-driven, single-atom cavity QED system are explored for the generation of a variety of quantum states of the output light field.
A Near-term Strategy for Solving Quantum Linear Systems Problems
Authors: Rodriguez Ramiro , Crowe Sean , Gunlycke Daniel , Escobar Fernando , Ptasinski Joanna
Published: August 2022

We present an efficient solution to a system of linear equations by integrating data preconditioning, low-depth quantum embedding, and a variational method demonstrating a strategy that allow near-term implementations on quantum processors minimizing resource utilization.
Empowering Quantum 2.0 Devices and Approaches with Machine Learning
Authors: Wilson Blake , Chen Yuheng , Kais Sabre , Kildishev Alexander , Shalaev Vladimir , Boltasseva Alexandra
Published: August 2022

We present recent advances and future perspectives in using machine learning for characterization, fabrication, and inverse design for device applications, such as hybrid quantum-classical optimization of nanostructures, hypothesis learning for automated discovery, and pre-characterization binning.
Quantum Features of Broadband Multimode Bright Squeezed Vacuum for Quantum Metrology
Authors: Landes Tiemo , Allgaier Markus , Merkouche Sofiane , Smith Brian J. , Raymer Michael G.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate quantum features in the transition from spontaneous parametric down conversion to bright squeezed vacuum that are relevant to multiphoton spectroscopy, enabling the use of higher flux sources for quantum metrology.
Proposal for Generating Complex Microwave Graph States Using Superconducting Circuits
Authors: Liu Chenxu , Barnes Edwin , Economou Sophia
Published: August 2022

We propose to use transmon qubits to construct microwave 2D cluster states and repeater graph states. We design the generation circuits and compare the state fidelities of fixed- versus tunable-frequency transmon devices.
Squeezed states of waveguided sources with varying brightnesses are partially distinguishable
Authors: Houde Martin , Quesada Nicolás
Published: August 2022

Squeezed states generated by a parametric waveguided source driven by pumps with different brightness but identical profiles have partially mismatched temporal modes. Temporal-mode distinguishability can be removed at the expense of loss by frequency filtering.
Improved Quantum Controlled Teleportation Via Quantum Hiding
Authors: Holland Jesse , Ismail Muhammad , Younes Ahmed
Published: August 2022

We propose an algorithm that offers higher control and security levels over entanglement-based quantum networks. The merits, cost, and performance of the proposed algorithm are discussed.
Near-ideal All-fiber Nonlocal Dispersion Compensation for Quantum Communications
Authors: Chua RuiMing , Grieve James A. , Ling Alexander
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate an all-fiber based method for the nonlocal compensation of chromatic dispersion. Timing correlations of entangled photon pairs are preserved down to 51ps (close to our instrument limit) over 20km of multi-segmented deployed fiber.
Emulating Turbulence Free Quantum-enhanced Interferometric Telescopy
Authors: Diaz David , Zhang Yujie , Lorenz Virginia O. , Kwiat Paul G.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the underlying mechanism for one version of quantum-enhanced telescopy, using multiple interconnected Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers to re-cover the visibility amplitude of the source of light in the presence of arbitrary turbulence.
Optical Fiber Characterization for the Operation of a Boston Area Quantum Network Testbed
Authors: Ben Dixon P. , Grein Matt , Murphy Ryan , Stevens Mark , Hamilton Scott , Bersin Eric , Englund Dirk
Published: August 2022

We characterize a set of deployed fiber channels in the Boston metro-area for use in quantum networking. We measure fiber-induced phase shifts and frequency behavior of transmitted optical signals.
Polarization Entanglement Induced by the Quantum Zeno Effect
Authors: Nodurft I. C. , Kirby B. T. , Glasser R. T. , Shaw H. C. , Searles T. A.
Published: August 2022

We propose a scheme for generating polarization-entangled photons using the quantum Zeno effect. The observing medium is a series of 4-level atoms coupled to two waveguides. Bunching is suppressed, yielding bipartite and tripartite polarization entanglement.
High-dimensional photonic entanglement using linear optics
Authors: Jones Alex E. , Paesani Stefano , Bulmer Jacob F. F. , Santagati Raffaele , Laing Anthony
Published: August 2022

Encoding qudits into photons can provide improvements to quantum communication and computation tasks. Here, we present new schemes for generating high-dimensional photonic entanglement and show how to construct cluster states for universal qudit quantum computation.
Quantum photo-thermodynamics on a programmable photonic quantum processor
Authors: Anguita M. Correa , Somhorst F. H. B. , van der Meer R. , Schadow R. , Snijders H. J. , de Goede M. , Kassenberg B. , Venderbosch P. , Taballione C. , Epping J. P. , van den Vlekkert H. H. , Bulmer J. F. F. , Lugani J. , Walmsley I. A. , Pinkse P. W. H. , Eisert J. , Walk N. , Renema J. J.
Published: August 2022

We experimentally investigate the relation between thermodynamics and quantum mechanics by demonstrating equilibration of a quantum state towards a thermal state in an integrated quantum photonics platform.
All-photonic quantum simulators with spectrally disordered ensembles of emitters
Authors: Norman Victoria , Patton Jesse , Scalettar Richard , Radulaski Marina
Published: August 2022

We model an all-photonic quantum simulator that consists of a solid-state coupled-cavity array with integrated ensembles of color centers. We quantify conditions for polariton creation that overcome the setbacks of moderate spectral dispersion.
Noise-Robust and Loss-Tolerant Quantum Steering with Qudits
Authors: Srivastav Vatshal , Valencia Natalia Herrera , McCutcheon Will , Leedumrongwatthanakun Saroch , Designolle Sébastien , Uola Roope , Brunner Nicolas , Malik Mehul
Published: August 2022

We introduce a noise-robust and loss-tolerant test of quantum steering designed for single-detector measurements that harnesses the advantages of high-dimensional entanglement. We experimentally demonstrate detection-loophole-free quantum steering under extreme conditions of loss and noise.
Towards Coherent Charge Transport Between Color Center Qubits as a Platform for Quantum Information Processing
Authors: Lozovoi Artur , Chen Yunheng , Vizkelethy Gyorgy , Bielejec Edward , Doherty Marcus , Flick Johannes , Meriles Carlos
Published: August 2022

We investigate photo-activated transport of charges between color centers as a potential quantum bus between spin qubits. We experimentally demonstrate some basic components and develop the theoretical framework to advance our observations into practical schemes.
Collective Many-body Effects in 171Yb3+ Ions Embedded in a Solid-state Nanophotonic Cavity
Authors: Lei Mi , Fukumori Rikuto , Rochman Jake , Choi Joonhee , Zhu Bihui , Endres Manuel , Faraon Andrei
Published: August 2022

We observe collective decay dynamics and collective cavity-ion coupling in Yb ions coupled to a nanophotonic cavity.
Towards Realizing an “All-Photonic” Quantum Repeater based on a Spin-Photon Quantum Interface
Authors: Sun Shuo
Published: August 2022

I will discuss our recent proposal on deterministic generation of photonic repeater graph states using only a single quantum emitter, our plans for its experimental implementation, and its applications in quantum repeaters and networks.
Coupling free electrons and light at high-Q integrated photonics microresonators
Authors: Henke Jan-Wilke , Raja Arslan Sajid , Feist Armin , Huang Guanhao , Arend Germaine , Yang Yujia , Kappert Fee Jasmin , Wang Rui Ning , Möller Marcel , Pan Jiahe , Lourenço-Martins Hugo , Qiu Zheru , Liu Junqiu , Kfir Ofer , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Ropers Claus
Published: August 2022

We observe the efficient coupling of free electrons to the optical mode of a chip-integrated high-Q Si3N4 microresonator. This enables strong stimulated inelastic scattering for continuous optical pumping and photon generation for an empty cavity.
Upper Bounds on Key Rates in Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Based on Convex-Combination Attacks
Authors: Łukanowski Karol , Farkas Máté , Balanzó-Juandó Maria , Acín Antonio , Kołodyński Jan
Published: August 2022

We provide an efficient, generic tool for upper-bounding key rates in device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) and prove that Bell nonlocality is not suf-ficient for the security of standard DIQKD protocols.
A Plug&Play Telecom-Wavelength Single-Photon Source for Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Rickert Lucas , Gao Timm , Urban Felix , Große Jan , Srocka Nicole , Rodt Sven , Musiał Anna , Żołnacz Kinga , Mergo Paweł , Dybka Kamil , Urbańczyk Wacław , Sęk Grzegorz , Burger Sven , Reitzenstein Stephan , Heindel Tobias
Published: August 2022

We report on BB84 quantum key distribution tests employing a benchtop plug&play quantum-dot based single-photon source operating at O-band wavelengths. We perform a detailed characterization and exploit optimized temporal filters to maximize the tolerable losses.
Applications of a Quantum Phase Estimation Algorithm
Authors: Shepard Scott Roger , Abraham John Bishoy Sam
Published: August 2022

Means for extracting higher-order phase information and sub-Heisenberg accuracies within an SU(2) interferometer utilizing coherent-state light are discussed.
Cracking the Quantum Advantage Threshold for Gaussian Boson Sampling
Authors: Popova A. S. , Rubtsov A.N.
Published: August 2022

Here we challenge the quantum advantage claimed for the Gaussian Boson Sampling experiment by introducing an approximate polynomial-time algorithm. Our fourth-order approximation gives an accuracy comparable with that of the experiment.
Enhancing the Experimental Feasibility of Distributed Quantum Metrology
Authors: Triggiani Danilo , Tamma Vincenzo
Published: August 2022

We present feasible Gaussian schemes for the estimation with Heisenberg-scaling sensitivity of an unknown parameter distributed within an arbitrary optical net-work. We discuss how these schemes overcome some typical experimental drawbacks of quantum-enhanced metrology.
Information Leakage due to Detection Coupling Mismatch
Authors: Sharma Tanya , Biswas Ayan , Chandravanshi Pooja , Prabhakar Shashi , Singh R.P.
Published: August 2022

An eavesdropper may gain information by exploiting device imperfections while implementing quantum key distribution protocols. We find information leakage due to coupling mismatch at receiver’s detectors in terms of mutual information between eaves-dropper and receiver.
Magnon-photon coupling in hybrid quantum structure based on planar periodical structure and YIG film
Authors: Polevoy S.Yu. , Tarapov S.I. , Girich A.A. , Vakula A.S. , Nedukh S.V. , Sova K.Yu. , Rameev B.Z.
Published: August 2022

At present, there is large interest in area of quantum frequency converters. It was shown numerically in this work that a planar periodical structure with a magnet has a 20% higher photon-magnon coupling strength compared with a microstrip resonator. It can be explained by the large effective constitutive parameters of the structure.
Effect of source statistics on utilizing photon entanglement in quantum key distribution
Authors: Hošák Radim , Straka Ivo , Predojević Ana , Filip Radim , Ježek Miroslav
Published: August 2022

We present a novel benchmarking approach to compare photonic entanglement sources based on parametric downconversion and semiconductor quantum dots. We analyze the source statistics and its impact to secure quantum key rate.
Quantum computation in Markovian and non-Markovian regime
Authors: Sadeghi M. , Parkins S. , Hoogerland M. D.
Published: August 2022

Optical nanofiber (ONF)-atom configurations can serve as quantum nodes. We provide time-delayed feedback for such nodes using Fiber-Bragg-Grating (FBG) mirror and record the arrival time of photons, emitted by the same atoms.
Cavity Optomechanical Sensing and Manipulation of an Atomic Persistent Current
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Biswas Tushar , Feliz Kristian , Kanamoto Rina , Chang M.-S. , Jha Anand K. , Bhattacharya M.
Published: August 2022

We provide a first platform based on cavity optomechanics to characterize and manipulate the rotation of annularly-trapped atomic superfluids with minimal destruction, in situ and practically in real-time.
Optically bound nano particles levitated in vacuum
Authors: Svak Vojtěch , Flajšmanová Jana , Šiler Martin , Jonáš Alexandr , Ježek Jan , Simpson Stephen H. , Zemánek Pavel , Brzobohatý Oto
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate for the first times calability o f the levitated o ptomechanics to systems containing up to tens of nanoparticles and provide a unique methodology for characterizing the system parameters and non-linear inter-particle interactions.
Cloud-Accessible, Programmable Quantum Simulator Based on Two-Dimensional Neutral Atom Arrays
Authors: Huber Florian , Amato-Grill Jesse , Bylinskii Alexei , Cantu Sergio H. , Hu Ming-Guang , Kim Donggyu , Lukin Alexander , Gemelke Nate , Keesling Alexander
Published: August 2022

Neutral atom arrays recently emerged as one the leading platforms for large-scale quantum computing and simulations [1, 2]. These systems offer a variety of possible qubit encodings with long coherence times along with exceptional programmability and reconfigurability of the array geometry and qubit connectivity. In addition, strong, highly coherent coupling between the qubits can be achieved using Rydberg states of the atoms. QuEra provides a cloud-accessible, programmable 256-qubit quantum simulator based on a two-dimensional array of Rubidium-87 atoms in reconfigurable optical tweezers.
Generating an arbitrary spin exchange between Rydberg atoms through Floquet engineering
Authors: Tsesses Shai , Keselman Anna , Browaeys Antoine , Lahaye Thierry
Published: August 2022

We propose a method to engineer an arbitrary effective spin exchange Hamiltonian in arrays of Rydberg atoms and verify its experimental viability through simulations of induced anti-symmetric exchange interaction between 3 atoms.
Multispecies Segmented Trapped Ion Architecture for Scalable Quantum Computing
Authors: Popov M. , Sterligov N. , Lakhmanskaya O. , Lakhmanskiy K.
Published: August 2022

Here we propose a new way to scale up trapped ion quantum computer based on long multispecies ion chains. Mass difference of ions leads to chain segmentation and allows to implement high-fidelity entangling gates.
Modeling of Traveling-Wave Superconducting-Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors
Authors: Djamen Tchapda Loïc H. , Hutchins-Delgado Troy A. , Nazib Sami A. , Lee Hosuk , Lu Tzu-Ming , Nogan John , Komissarov Ivan , Sobolewski Roman , Mafi Arash , Osiński Marek
Published: August 2022

We report on SPICE circuit modeling of traveling-wave superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with Si3N4/SiO2 optical waveguides.
Heralding Single Photons from a Photon Pair Source using a Superconducting Nanowire Detector
Authors: Davis Samantha I. , Mueller Andrew , Valivarthi Raju , Lauk Nikolai , Narvaez Lautaro , Korzh Boris , Beyer Andrew D. , Colangelo Marco , Berggren Karl K. , Shaw Matthew D. , Sinclair Neil , Spiropulu Maria
Published: August 2022

We experimentally demonstrate an improved heralded single photon source using a photon-number-resolving superconducting nanowire detector compared to that using a conventional bucket detector. This work delineates a path towards ideal single photon sources.
FPGA-based, dual core architecture for truly random-encoded qubit streaming
Authors: Stanco Andrea , Santagiustina Francesco B. L. , Calderaro Luca , Avesani Marco , Bertapelle Tommaso , Dequal Daniele , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo
Published: August 2022

We present an FPGA-based, dual core system able to continuously operate with a true randomness source that fully provides the information to encode the qubits for a Quantum Key Distribution transmitter without expansion algorithms.
A Universal 20-mode Quantum Photonic Processor in Silicon Nitride
Authors: Smith Devin , Taballione Caterina , Anguita Malaquias Correa , De Goede Michiel , Venderbosch Pim , Kassenberg Ben , Snijders Henk , Epping Jörn P. , van der Meer Reinier , Pinkse Pepijn W. H. , van den Vlekkert Hans , Renema Jelmer J.
Published: August 2022

We report the realization of the largest reconfigurable quantum photonic processor enabling arbitrary unitary transformations on its 20 input & output modes with an average fibre-to-fibre loss of 2.9 dB/channel. High-fidelity operation and high-visibility quantum interference is demonstrated.
Towards frequency-separable photon pairs generated using thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Mishra Jatadhari , Xin C. J. , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Langrock Carsten , Sinclair Neil , Lončar Marko , Fejer Martin M.
Published: August 2022

We take advantage of disperion engineering in thin-film lithium niobate to generate frequency-separable photon pairs at telecommunication wavelengths. A detailed simulation of phase matching conditions is performed and verified using sum-frequency generation to reveal the desired spectral separability.
Back to sources – the role of losses and coherence in super-resolution imaging revisited
Authors: Kurdziałek Stanisław
Published: August 2022

The relation between the transmission and the PSF shape of a general imaging system is derived from fundamental quantum mechanics principles. The impact of non-unit transmission on the precision limits in optical imaging is discussed.
Fundamental Limits in Mutiparameter Quantum Metrology
Authors: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski Rafal , Albarelli Francesco , Gorecki Wojciech
Published: August 2022

We derive fundamental bounds on the maximal achievable precision in multiparameter noisy quantum channel estimation, as well as show operationally meaningful Heisenberg scaling precision limits for the multiple phase interferometry in the absence of noise.
Exposure to substance and current substance among school-going adolescents in Timor-Leste
Authors: Adade Abigail Esinam , Owusu Ansah Kenneth , Dey Nutifafa Eugene Yaw , Arthur-Holmes Francis , Duah Henry Ofori , Pascal Agbadi
Published: August 2022

Few studies have examined how exposure to substance influences adolescent’s use of substance in Timor-Leste. We assessed this relationship using nationally representative data from Timor-Leste to address this gap. Data was pulled from the 2015 Timor-Leste Global school-based student health survey. Data of students aged 13-17years (N = 3700) from class 7–11 across schools in Timor-Leste were analyzed for this study. Second-hand smoking exposure (AOR = 1.57 [1.31, 1.89] and parental tobacco use, AOR = 1.94 [1.54, 2.44]) was significantly related to in-school adolescent’s current use of substance after adjusting for covariates. Current substance use was also positively associated with being male, being in class 10–12, and being food insecure and negatively associated with having at least three close friends and benefiting from parental supervision. To reduce substance use among in-school adolescents, policymakers must consider the inclusion of all models in the social learning environment of adolescents in Timor-Leste.
Morphometric correlations between dietary and reproductive traits of two brachyuran crabs, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Aratus pisonii
Authors: Potter Ben , Cannizzo Zachary J. , Griffen Blaine D.
Published: August 2022

Many animals have flexible morphological traits that allow them to succeed in differing circumstances with differing diets available to them. For brachyuran crabs, claw height and gut size are diet-specific and largely reflect foraging strategies, while abdomen width reflects relative levels of fecundity. However, the link between claw size and diet has largely been documented only for primarily carnivorous crabs, while the link between diet and fecundity is strong in herbivorous crabs. We sought to determine the nature of the intraspecific relationship between claw size, dietary habits, and fecundity for two primarily herbivorous crab species, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Aratus pisonii. Specifically, we examined whether claw size and/or abdomen width can be used as reliable measures of individual diet strategy. To test these hypotheses, we collected crabs and measured the dimensions of their claws, abdomens, and guts. By comparing these dimensions for each individual, we found that strongly predictive relationships do not exist between these traits for the primarily herbivorous species in our study. Thus, identifying external morphological features that can be used to assess diets of primarily herbivorous crabs remains elusive.
Multi-label classification of symptom terms from free-text bilingual adverse drug reaction reports using natural language processing
Authors: Chaichulee Sitthichok , Promchai Chissanupong , Kaewkomon Tanyamai , Kongkamol Chanon , Ingviya Thammasin , Sangsupawanich Pasuree
Published: August 2022

Allergic reactions to medication range from mild to severe or even life-threatening. Proper documentation of patient allergy information is critical for safe prescription, avoiding drug interactions, and reducing healthcare costs. Allergy information is regularly obtained during the medical interview, but is often poorly documented in electronic health records (EHRs). While many EHRs allow for structured adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting, a free-text entry is still common. The resulting information is neither interoperable nor easily reusable for other applications, such as clinical decision support systems and prescription alerts. Current approaches require pharmacists to review and code ADRs documented by healthcare professionals. Recently, the effectiveness of machine algorithms in natural language processing (NLP) has been widely demonstrated. Our study aims to develop and evaluate different NLP algorithms that can encode unstructured ADRs stored in EHRs into institutional symptom terms. Our dataset consists of 79,712 pharmacist-reviewed drug allergy records. We evaluated three NLP techniques: Naive Bayes—Support Vector Machine (NB-SVM), Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT), and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). We tested different general-domain pre-trained BERT models, including mBERT, XLM-RoBERTa, and WanchanBERTa, as well as our domain-specific AllergyRoBERTa, which was pre-trained from scratch on our corpus. Overall, BERT models had the highest performance. NB-SVM outperformed ULMFiT and BERT for several symptom terms that are not frequently coded. The ensemble model achieved an exact match ratio of 95.33%, a F1score of 98.88%, and a mean average precision of 97.07% for the 36 most frequently coded symptom terms. The model was then further developed into a symptom term suggestion system and achieved a Krippendorff’s alpha agreement coefficient of 0.7081 in prospective testing with pharmacists. Some degree of automation could both accelerate the availability of allergy information and reduce the efforts for human coding.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on university students in China and Africa
Authors: Marahwa Pamela , Makota Panashe , Chikomo Donald Tafadzwa , Chakanyuka Tawanda , Ruvai Tsitsi , Osafo Kelvin Stefan , Huang Tianwen , Chen Limin
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is alarmingly a global health catastrophe that has created an unprecedented mental health decline especially in young adults, who have been noted to be a vulnerable population. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety in university students in China and Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic, the significant factors contributing to the prevalence of anxiety and depression, the differences in factors affecting the different groups being investigated and to emphasize that psychological intervention are as important as the physical interventions during and after the pandemic. The study was conducted through online surveys, with 684 participants using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 standardized scales. Comparing all groups combined, of the 636 participants, 361 (56.8%) had depression and 227 (35.7%) had anxiety. Chi squared tests at significance level (P<0.05) showed that country of citizenship, religion, parents’ educational background, household monthly income and, having family members with COVID-19 variables were strongly associated with depression and anxiety. In contrast, age, gender, educational background, and major showed no significant association. Comparing the individual groups separately using chi square (P<0.05), the Chinese students in China group had 35.6% with depression and 13.1% with anxiety. The variable associated with both depression and anxiety was education major, with depression only was parent’s educational background and with anxiety only was gender. The African students in China group had 70.3% with depression and 45.0% with anxiety. Gender was strongly associated with both depression and anxiety, and religion and having family members with COVID-19 with anxiety only. Africans in Africa had 66.0% with depression and 50.5% with anxiety. Educational background was strongly associated with depression. There was no statistically significant variable for anxiety. Chi square test showed a statistically significant difference in depression and anxiety levels with the Chinese group compared to both African groups, and no significant difference between both African groups. Our findings demonstrated that COVID-19 had a negative psychological impact on university students. Therefore, more attention should be put on youth’s mental health during this pandemic.
Convergence behaviours of energy series and GDP nexus hypothesis: A non-parametric Bayesian application
Authors: Simionescu Mihaela , Strielkowski Wadim , Schneider Nicolas , Smutka Luboš
Published: August 2022

With the EU Green Deal initiatives, European members seek to launch the first climate neutral continent by 2050. This paper assesses the stochastic convergence of per capita energy consumption series for an illustrative sample of 15 EU countries with memberships prior to the 2004 enlargement, using data spanning the 1970–2018 period. Results from the confidence interval subsampling (asymmetric and equal-tailed) highlight that 11 out of the 15 EU series exhibit a long-run memory behaviour, while a diverging pattern was observed for the UK, Germany, Portugal, and Italy. Finally, per capita energy use series persist but fail to reveal one of the above dynamics for Ireland and Spain. Also, findings from the non-parametric Bayesian application (ANOVA/linear Dependent Dirichlet Process (DDP) mixture model) show how economic growth operates as a converging energy consumption-enabler over the long-run, from which the EU membership cannot be excluded. In particular, we highlight how the nature of energy-GDP hypotheses vary with the stochastic properties of energy use (converging behaviour with temporary shocks, converging pattern with permanent shocks, and diverging dynamic). Finally, our conclusions overcome the well-established development stage argument as we claim that countries with similar energy convergence patterns may need to adopt similar energy policies.
Acinetobacter baumannii complex, national laboratory-based surveillance in South Africa, 2017 to 2019
Authors: Perovic Olga , Duse Adrian , Chibabhai Vindana , Black Marianne , Said Mohamed , Prentice Elizabeth , Wadula Jeannette , Mahabeer Yesholata , Han K. Swe Swe , Mogokotleng Ruth , Strasheim Wilhelmina , Lowe Michelle , Jallow Sabelle , Ismail Husna ,   for GERMS-SA
Published: August 2022

Objective

We aimed to provide an analysis of A. baumannii complex (ABC) isolated from blood cultures in South Africa.

Materials and methods

ABC surveillance was conducted from 1 April 2017 to 30 September 2019 at 19 hospital sites from blood cultures of any age and sex. Organism identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF MS and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), MicroScan Walkaway System. We confirmed colistin resistance with Sensititre, FRCOL panel, and selected for whole-genome sequencing.

Results

During the study period, we identified 4822 cases of ABC, of which 2152 cases were from 19 enhanced surveillance sites were reported during the enhanced surveillance period (1 August 2018 to 30 September 2019). Males accounted for 54% (2611/4822). Of the cases with known age, 41% (1968/4822) were infants (< 1-year-old). Seventy-eight percent (1688/2152) of cases had a known hospital outcome, of which 36% (602/1688) died. HIV status was known for 69% (1168/1688) of cases, and 14% (238/1688) were positive. Eighty-two percent (1389/1688) received antimicrobial treatment in admission. Three percent (35/1389) of cases received single colistin. Four percent (75/2033) were resistant to colistin. At least 75% of the isolates (1530/2033) can be classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), with resistance to most antibiotics except for colistin. The majority, 83% (20/24), of the colistin-resistant isolates were of the sequence type (ST) 1. Resistance genes, both plasmid- and chromosomal- mediated were not observed. Although all isolates had, nine efflux pump genes related to antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusion

Our surveillance data contributed to a better understanding of the natural course of A. baumannii disease, the patient characteristics among infants, and the level of resistance. At least two-thirds of the isolates were extensively drug-resistant, and four percent of isolates were resistant to colistin.
A tele-health primary care rehabilitation program improves self-perceived exertion in COVID-19 survivors experiencing Post-COVID fatigue and dyspnea: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Calvo-Paniagua José , Díaz-Arribas María José , Valera-Calero Juan Antonio , Gallardo-Vidal María Isabel , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , López-de-Uralde-Villanueva Ibai , del Corral Tamara , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo
Published: August 2022

Background

Current evidence suggests that up to 70% of COVID-19 survivors develop post-COVID symptoms during the following months after infection. Fatigue and dyspnea seem to be the most prevalent post-COVID symptoms.

Objective

To analyze whether a tele-rehabilitation exercise program is able to improve self-perceived physical exertion in patients with post-COVID fatigue and dyspnea.

Methods

Sixty-eight COVID-19 survivors exhibiting post-COVID fatigue and dyspnea derived to four Primary Health Care centers located in Madrid were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. A tele-rehabilitation program based on patient education, physical activity, airway clearing, and breathing exercise interventions was structured on eighteen sessions (3 sessions/week). Self-perceived physical exertion during daily living activities, dyspnea severity, health-related quality of life and distance walked and changes in oxygen saturation and heart rate during the 6-Minute walking test were assessed at baseline, after the program and at 1- and 3-months follow-up periods.

Results

Daily living activities, dyspnea severity and quality of life improved significantly at all follow-ups (p<0.001). Additionally, a significant increase in oxygen saturation before and after the 6-Minute Walking test was found when compared with baseline (P<0.001). Heart rate adaptations at rest were found during the follow-up periods (P = 0.012). Lower perceived exertion before and after the 6-Minute Walking test were also observed, even if larger distance were walked (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Tele-rehabilitation programs could be an effective strategy to reduce post-COVID fatigue and dyspnea in COVID-19 survivors. In addition, it could also reduce the economic burden of acute COVID-19, reaching a greater number of patients and releasing Intensive Unit Care beds for prioritized patients with a severe disease.

Study registration

The international OSF Registry registration link is https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/T8SYB.
Experiences of sharing results of community based serosurvey with participants in a district of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Salvi Neha , Itta Krishna Chaaithanya , Lachyan Abhishek , Hasan Alvira Z. , Prosperi Christine , Kumar Muthusamy Santhosh , Wesley Vivian Thangaraj Jeromie , Kaduskar Ojas , Bhatt Vaishali , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Murhekar Manoj , Gupta Nivedita , Mehendale Sanjay , Hayford Kyla , Moss William J. , Chauhan Sanjay , Kulkarni Ragini
Published: August 2022

A growing number of organisations, including medical associations, recommend that research subjects should be given the option of being informed about the general outcome and results of the study. We recently completed a study involving nine serosurveys from 2018 to 2020 in five districts of India among three age groups (children 9 months to < 5 years; 5 to < 15 years of age, and women 15 to < 50 years of age before and after the measles and rubella (MR) vaccination campaigns). In Palghar district of Maharashtra all individuals in 30 selected clusters were enumerated, and 13 individuals per age group were randomly sampled. We established the procedures to return the results to the respondents for each stage of the survey. Of the 1,166 individuals selected for the measles and rubella serosurvey, 971 (83%) agreed to participate and were enrolled. Participants were informed that they will only be contacted if they test seronegative for measles and/or rubella antibodies. Overall, 140 individuals enrolled in the survey tested seronegative for IgG antibodies to measles and/or rubella viruses; were provided the reports and informed to seek medical advice. Upon follow up by phone, 10% (14) of the 140 participants reported to have been vaccinated. In this paper we discuss the procedures, experiences and considerations in returning results to participants in a community-based measles and rubella serosurvey. Although the lessons learned are specific to post measles-rubella vaccine campaign serosurvey in India, they might be helpful to those contemplating sharing results to participants of large scale survey settings.
Vasoactive pharmacological management according to SCAI class in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Udesen Nanna Louise Junker , Helgestad Ole Kristian Lerche , Josiassen Jakob , Hassager Christian , Højgaard Henrik Frederiksen , Linde Louise , Kjaergaard Jesper , Holmvang Lene , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Schmidt Henrik , Ravn Hanne Berg , Møller Jacob Eifer
Published: August 2022

Background

Vasoactive treatment is a cornerstone in treating hypoperfusion in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction (AMICS). The purpose was to compare the achievement of treatment targets and outcome in relation to vasoactive strategy in AMICS patients stratified according to the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) shock classification.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with AMICS admitted to cardiac intensive care unit at two tertiary cardiac centers during 2010–2017 with retrieval of real-time hemodynamic data and dosages of vasoactive drugs from intensive care unit databases.

Results

Out of 1,249 AMICS patients classified into SCAI class C, D, and E, mortality increased for each shock stage from 34% to 60%, and 82% (p<0.001). Treatment targets of mean arterial blood pressure > 65mmHg and venous oxygen saturation > 55% were reached in the majority of patients; however, more patients in SCAI class D and E had values below treatment targets within 24 hours (p<0.001) despite higher vasoactive load and increased use of epinephrine for each severity stage (p<0.001). In univariate analysis no significant difference in mortality within SCAI class D and E regarding vasoactive strategy was observed, however in SCAI class C, epinephrine was associated with higher mortality and a significantly higher vasoactive load to reach treatment targets. In multivariate analysis there was no statistically association between individually vasoactive choice within each SCAI class and 30-day mortality.

Conclusion

Hemodynamic treatment targets were achieved in most patients at the expense of increased vasoactive load and more frequent use of epinephrine for each shock severity stage. Mortality was high regardless of vasoactive strategy; only in SCAI class C, epinephrine was associated with a significantly higher mortality, but the signal was not significant in adjusted analysis.