EFFICIENCY OF TERRITORY USE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF A 5-STOREY BUILDING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CURRENT REGULATORY AND LEGAL TOWN PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Byvalina Mariia , Vasileva Hanna , Lyutikov Artem , Maliar Vitalii 
Published: April 2023

This article will help to consider the problem of reconstruction of the territories of the 5-story building, taking into account modern regulatory and legal city-building requirements. Since the implementation of any urban planning activities is aimed in one way or another at increasing the socio-economic efficiency of the use of urban territory, it is precisely the growing deficit of the territory that restrains the development of cities, especially large economic centers, and is a constant incentive for active urban planning activities associated with changing the nature of the functions -national use of the territory by densifying buildings, increasing the level of capital intensity and, accordingly, the quality of the urban environment.

Areas of mass residential development in the 1960s and 1970s were designed and built in accordance with the urban planning rules and norms in force at that time, which took into account the entire complex of sanitary and hygienic, social, economic, technical and architectural requirements, using the advanced technologies of industrial housing construction at that time. , new residential areas played a historically important role in solving the housing problem. Currently, the territories of these areas and the houses and structures built in them are not only morally outdated, but also do not meet modern public views on housing standards and the urban environment as a whole. They, moreover, have reached a high degree of technical wear. Bearing and enclosing structures, systems of engineering equipment of residential and public buildings are in need of major repairs to improve their technical and operational characteristics. In need of capital repair, reconstruction of the territory within the microdistrict with the restoration of public service systems, landscaping, internal pedestrian and transport communications, engineering networks, with an increase in the number of parking spaces for individual vehicles.

The publication touches on the topic of solving issues of complex reconstruction of quarters (micro-districts) of the outdated housing stock, which is an urgent task of our time. The reconstruction of quarters (micro-districts) of the outdated housing stock in the countries of Western Europe began as early as the 70s of the XX century, which determined the accumulation of significant reconstruction experience in these countries. Solving the tasks of complex reconstruction of quarters (micro-districts) of the old housing stock is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of urban areas and improving the living conditions of people in cities; elimination of physical and moral wear and tear of buildings; extending the service life of buildings and increasing their energy efficiency; improvement of the functional planning organization and architectural expressiveness of residential quarters (microdistricts).

The European experience of complex reconstruction of neighborhoods (micro-districts) of outdated housing stock is based on two interrelated types of restoration activities: firstly, reconstruction of individual buildings; secondly – reconstruction of individual quarters (microdistricts). The practice of reconstruction of buildings is determined by their service life, structural features; the practice of reconstruction of neighborhoods - by location in the city structure, type of planning organization and provision of elements of social infrastructure.

The traditional increase in the efficiency indicators of the urban territory is considered as the achievement of the maximum permissible concentration of the specified urban functions. In this case, we are talking about obtaining the maximum possible yield of living space per unit of territory within the regulatory limits. The analysis of territorial resources for the development of the city of Kyiv carried out in the draft of the General Plan indicates the future growth of the housing stock from 62.7 to 84.7 million m2. This indicates the need to develop both new territories and rational use of the territory within the city. One of the most important reserves, at the same time, is considered territories built up in the period of 60-70 years of the 20th century.

The analysis of the legislative and regulatory framework for the development of projects for the complex reconstruction of an outdated housing stock, the study of theoretical and practical experience in the design and implementation of projects for the complex reconstruction of blocks (microdistricts) of 5-story buildings shows that increasing the efficiency of the use of urban territory -heals with the help of carrying out a complex and deeply thought-out complex of reconstructive measures. At the same time, the scale and character of the reconstruction is of significant importance. The analysis of the implementation of projects, mainly selective construction without serious consideration of the entire complex of social, urban planning, environmental and other consequences associated with the overdensification of buildings and, accordingly, the population, shows the need for:

- increasing the level of reasonableness of the adoption of city-building decisions by local authorities;

- return to compliance with the principles of comprehensive development of the urban territory, which is provided for by the current norms and rules of city planning and development, the basis of the state urban planning policy.