bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, crystal structure, and insulin-mimetic activity of zinc(ii) complexes with 4-alkyl- and 4,5-dialkyl-3-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-thiones as a new class of hypoglycemic agent candidates
Authors: Saito Ryota , Naito Yuki , Yoshikawa Yutaka , Yasui Hiroyuki , Kikkawa Shoko , Ju Huiyeong , Ohba Rintaro , Miyamoto Tae , Sano Shogo , Maeda Kazuya , Tamura Mako , Azumaya Isao
Published: November 2024

Zinc(ii) complexes of novel 3-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-thiones were synthesized, and evaluated their insulin-mimetic activities to exhibit marked antidiabetic activities.
N/O co-doped edamame shell derived porous carbon materials for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Xia Yingjing , Dong Xingshen , Wang Wenyi , Wang Xueqin , Liu Yanxiu , Qiao Peng , Zhang Geng , Liu Shetian
Published: November 2024

The raw materials used are eco-friendly, innovative and rich in nitrogen–oxygen heteroatoms, and they exhibit excellent cycle stability (96.68% after 12 000 cycles in 6 M KOH).
Pr-doped CeO2-loaded Ru-based catalysts for ethylene methoxycarbonylation
Authors: Chen Jiabing , Tang Yibo , Lu Xiaojun , Lu Zijing , Jiang Xingmao
Published: November 2024

A Pr-doped Ru-loaded CeO2 catalyst is beneficial for further increasing the content of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the catalytic reaction rate for the methoxycarbonylation of ethylene to produce methyl propionate.
A theoretical study and design of AIE-type TADF materials derived from spatially conjugated [2.2]paracyclophane
Authors: Tang Hao , Gao Jing , Zhang Lan , Li Xudong , Duan Ying-Chen , Wen Lili , Liu Xingman , Su Zhong-Min
Published: November 2024

AIE and TADF functional groups were combined through [2.2]paracyclophane framework in the design of AIE-type TSCT–TADF materials, and the luminescence properties were studied through quantum chemical computational methods.
Small animals with unique chemistry – the natural product chemistry of Collembola
Authors: Möllerke Anton , Schulz Stefan
Published: November 2024

The secondary metabolites of springtails (Collembola) include defensive compounds, cuticular lipids, and semiochemicals, many of which are not known from other natural sources. The springtail chemistry differs largely from that of insects.
Quantifying the polar skyrmion motion barrier in an oxide heterostructure
Authors: Hu Lizhe , Huang Yuhui , Wu Yongjun , Hong Zijian
Published: November 2024

We have developed an NEB method to quantify the polar skyrmion motion barrier in oxide superlattices, and discovered that it can be significantly reduced with the reduction of the superlattice periodicity to 8 uc.
Spontaneous switching and fine structure of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts on Au(111)
Authors: Senenko Anton I. , Marchenko Alexandr A. , Kurochkin Oleksandr , Kapitanchuk Oleksiy L. , Kravets Mykola , Nazarenko Vassili G. , Sashuk Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

We disclose the self-assembly and evolution of DASA monolayers on a gold surface, as observed using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Effect of the number ratio and size ratio on the formation of binary superlattices assembled from polymer-tethered spherical nanoparticles of two sizes
Authors: Li Jinlan , Yu Xin , Zhang Jianing , Jin Jing , Pan Yanxiong , Ji Xiangling , Jiang Wei
Published: November 2024

Binary superlattices can be prepared via the self-assembly of polystyrene tethered spherical gold nanoparticles of two kinds, and the unique configurations of the BNSLs are controllable by tuning the sizes and number ratios of the NPs.
Transformation of CO2 and isocyanates mediated by N-borane-substituted cyclic phosphine imides (BCPIs) via λ5-oxazaphosphetanes
Authors: Nagai Shun , Ogoshi Sensuke , Hoshimoto Yoichi
Published: November 2024

Oxazaphosphetane species were experimentally demonstrated as a key intermediate in the transformation of CO2 and isocyanates through their reaction with N-borane-substituted cyclic phosphine imides (BCPIs).
Alkyl groups in organic molecules are NOT inductively electron-releasing
Authors: Elliott Mark C. , Hughes Colan E. , Knowles Peter J. , Ward Benjamin D.
Published: November 2024

Contrary to their presentation in almost all organic chemistry textbooks, analysis of calculated charges shows alkyl groups to be inductively electron-withdrawing compared to hydrogen. We find no compelling evidence for the textbook position.
Recent advances in the transformation of maleimides via annulation
Authors: Aslam Mohammad , Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Lim Hee Nam , Seo Jeong Hyun , Lee Yong Rok
Published: November 2024

This review highlights recent advances in maleimide-based annulation and cyclization strategies, offering insights into their synthetic versatility and potential applications in creating structurally diverse aromatics and bioactive heterocycles.
Biodegradable pressure sensors with high sensitivity and wide detection range via a piezoresistive/capacitive dual response
Authors: Luan Xiaowan , Zhu Yanlong , Chen Yankun , Gu Xiaoxia , Xu Qian , Liu Guoming , Zhang Xiuqin , Kuang Minxuan
Published: November 2024

A pressing concern regarding wearable devices is the waste disposal challenges posed by their widespread use. This paper proposes an eco-friendly pressure sensor with a piezoresistive/capacitive dual-response mechanism.
Eugenol-based polyester and its bamboo fiber composite with enhanced mechanical and anti-ultraviolet properties
Authors: Wang Qiubo , Hu Xinyu , Wang Shuyao , Sun Ruyi , Liao Xiaojuan , Xie Meiran
Published: November 2024

Eugenol (UG)-based polyesters were prepared by ADMET polymerization and modified with a UG-derived polysulfide and raw bamboo fiber to provide polymer composites with enhanced mechanical and anti-ultraviolet properties.
Dibenzobarrelene-derived Pd-NHCs: efficient precatalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura polycondensations of dichloroarene monomers
Authors: Guo Yuman , Wu Hao , Zhang Meng-Jiao , Liu Feng-Shou
Published: November 2024

Palladium-NHCs served as highly efficient precatalysts for SMPs of dichloroarenes with diarylboronic acids, affording high molecular weight CPs with high yields.
Hemilabile P,N-ligand-assisted gold catalyzed Hiyama allylation to access allylarenes and 1,4-diene derivatives
Authors: He Yuanhao , Ma Wanping , Zhong Yu , Hu Yanfei , Li Mingou , Zhao Fen , Xia Zhonghua , Fan Baomin
Published: November 2024

A hemilabile P,N-ligand-assisted gold-catalyzed Hiyama cross coupling reaction of aryl and alkenyl iodides with allylsilanes is described, providing access to a series of allylarenes and 1,4-diene derivatives in good to excellent yields.
Porous CaMnO3-promoted g-C3N4 as an effective photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Chaoqi , Liu Shasha , Zhuang Lixuan , Zhang Weiqi , Huang Limei , Jia Zhenzhen , Chen Dongdong , Li Xiang
Published: November 2024

Non-expensive CaMnO3 perovskite oxide can assist in developing efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalysts aimed at removing antibiotics from wastewater.
Physicochemical properties and mechanism of action of a new copper(ii) pyrazine-based complex with high anticancer activity and selectivity towards cancer cells
Authors: Rogalewicz B. , Sierański T. , Szczesio M. , Olczak A. , Gobis K. , Orlewska C. , Korona-Głowniak I. , Korga-Plewko A. , Iwan M. , Michalczuk M. , Kubik J. , Adamczuk G. , Korga M. , Rutkowska N. , Boruta T. , Gas K. , Sawicki M. , Poleszak E. , Maniukiewicz W. , Świątkowski M. , Czylkowska A.
Published: November 2024

The presented work underlines the importance of coordination compounds in the development of new anticancer agents that are safer and more efficient.
Facile fabrication of g-C3N4/Bi2S3 coated melamine foam for oil/water separation applications
Authors: A. C. Swathi , Chandran Maneesh
Published: November 2024

Oil/water separation using g-C3N4/Bi2S3 foam.
Rare-earth metal complexes bearing electrophilic and nucleophilic carbon centres and their unique reactivity patterns towards pyridine derivatives
Authors: Wu Weikang , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Zhu Shan , Chai Fuxiang , Hong Dongjing , Huang Zeming , Yuan Qingbing , Maron Laurent , Wang Shaowu
Published: November 2024

The rare-earth metal complexes exhibited unique reactivity towards pyridine derivatives leading to the unveiling of consecutive C–H activation/1,1-migratory insertion/C–N bond activation via intramolecular redox, and homolytic redox reactions.
Pronounced electronic modulation of geometrically-regulated metalloenediyne cyclization
Authors: Lindahl Sarah E. , Metzger Erin M. , Chen Chun-Hsing , Pink Maren , Zaleski Jeffrey M.
Published: November 2024

Using a diverse array of thermally robust phosphine enediynes, a novel suite of cisplatin-like Pt(ii) metalloenediynes (3, Pt(dxpeb)Cl2) has been synthesized representing unique electronic perturbations on thermal Bergman cyclization kinetics.
Depolymerisation of poly(lactide) under continuous flow conditions
Authors: Ellis Sophie , Buchard Antoine , Junkers Tanja
Published: November 2024

Poly(l-lactide) is depolymerised in continuous flow, allowing to use benign solvents such as THF to reach up to 90% depolymerisation efficiency.
Direct ladderization of cyclooctatetraene-containing, processable conjugated ladder polymers from annulated bis-zirconacyclopentadienes
Authors: Rothenberger August J. , Bergman Harrison M. , Li He , Qi Miao , Wang Yunfei , Liu Yi , Tilley T. Don
Published: November 2024

A conjugated ladder polymer composed of negatively curved cyclooctatetraene monomer units was synthesized in a single step from bis-zirconacyclopentadienes, resulting in microporosity and high processability.
Magnetic colloidal single particles and dumbbells on a tilted washboard moiré pattern in a precessing external field
Authors: Farrokhzad Farzaneh , Stuhlmüller Nico C. X. , Kuświk Piotr , Urbaniak Maciej , Stobiecki Feliks , Akhundzada Sapida , Ehresmann Arno , de las Heras Daniel , Fischer Thomas M.
Published: November 2024

We measure the dynamical behavior of colloidal singlets and dumbbells on an inclined magnetic moiré pattern, subject to a precessing external homogeneous magnetic field.
A π–d conjugated metal–organic framework decorated on a MXene-carbon nanofiber as a self-standing electrode for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Abbas Zahir , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: November 2024

A c-MOF is grown on MX-CNF, which was prepared via electrospining method. Furthermore, it utilized for flexible supercapcitors with different flexibility angles.
Oxygen-defective ruthenium oxide as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for acidic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Cai Lejuan , Yu Zhipeng , Tan Hao , Xiang Xinyi , Xu Kaiyang , Chao Yang , Thalluri Sitaramanjaneya Mouli , Lin Fei , Huang Haoliang , Zhang Chenyue , Zhao Yang , Wang Wenlong , Liu Lifeng
Published: November 2024

Oxygen-defective RuOx nanoparticles are synthesized through a one-step sol–gel process, which show outstanding activity and stability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction at high current densities due to the predominant adsorbate evolution mechanism.
Scalable synthesis of N-doped graphene-oxide-supported FeCo(OH)x nanosheets for efficient Co-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticle-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis
Authors: Kwon Sunglun , Lee Jong Hyeon
Published: November 2024

An innovative intermediate-control-method for layered FeCo(OH)x enables selective formation of well-dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles on NRGO, yielding spinel (Co)Fe3O4 after 900 °C-calcination with supreme ORR activity and stability.
Efficient hydrogen isotope separation utilizing photocatalytic capability
Authors: Wu Linzhen , Zeng Sifan , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Shengtai , Li Hongbo , Zhou Xiaosong
Published: November 2024

An N–O–C3N4 catalyst for catalytic hydrogen isotope separation.
Bioinspired programmable coacervate droplets and self-assembled fibers through pH regulation of monomers
Authors: Patra Satyajit , Chandrabhas Sushmitha , George Subi J.
Published: November 2024

Demonstration of transient coacervate droplets and programmable fibers was achieved by temporally regulating the pH of the solution through biocatalytic pH modulation.
Recent advances in polymer-based thin-film electrodes for ECoG applications
Authors: Xiang Zhengchen , Yang Liangtao , Yu Bin , Zeng Qi , Huang Tao , Shi Shuo , Yu Hao , Zhang Yi , Wu Jinglong , Zhu Meifang
Published: November 2024

This review evaluated electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode performance based on key properties and improvements from polymers, categorizing them as sensitive or structural, while discussing preparation methods, challenges, and future perspectives.
Europium ions modulated room temperature phosphorescence in dye-encapsulated MOFs for dual-modal fluorescence-afterglow
Authors: Chen Jiabo , Sun Renrui , Yang Wanjun , Xing Feifei , Yu Xiaolin , Sun Lining
Published: November 2024

Lu-MOFs with formic acid as the sole ligand were synthesized by a formamide hydrolysis reaction. The luminescence color and intensity of Lu–Eu-MOFs-bipy can be controlled by the energy competition and transfer between 4,4′-bipyridine and Eu3+.
Greenish yellow-emitting carbon dot-based films for luminescent solar concentrator applications
Authors: Liu Yunxiang , Iso Yoshiki , Isobe Tetsuhiko
Published: November 2024

The CDs@EVA #3 film in LSC enhances short-circuit current by 1.17 times, primarily through conversion of UV and short visible light into longer wavelengths.
MALDI-TOF – an amazing tool for microbial identification
Authors: Partyka Anna
Published: November 2024

The Biochemical Society identifies and celebrates outstanding science communication talent in the molecular biosciences with its annual Science Communication Prize. Anna Partyka won the second prize in the media category for students in further education. Anna’s piece is titled ‘MALDI-TOF – an amazing tool for microbial identification’.
E‐ and H‐plane beamwidth‐reconfigurable MIMO antenna
Authors: Du Mingye , Liu Weiyang , Liang Yanzhen , He Peng , Ge Lei
Published: November 2024

A novel E‐ and H‐plane beamwidth‐reconfigurable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna is presented here. The antenna consists of four two‐dimensional directional reconfigurable antenna elements that utilizes Positive‐Intrinsic‐Negative (PIN) diodes to achieve stable beamwidth reconfiguration in both the E‐plane and the H‐plane. Simulated and testing results of the fabricated prototype demonstrate that the operating frequency of the antenna ranges from 2.52 to 2.68 GHz across four different states. The beamwidth can switch between approximately 65° and 95° in both planes. The isolation between units exceeds 25 dB, and the radiation performance is stable with high efficiency. This antenna is particularly suitable for applications in 5G indoor communications.
Under the magnifying glass: A combined 3D model applied to cloudy warm Saturn-type exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Kiefer S. , Bach-Møller N. , Samra D. , Lewis D. A. , Schneider A. D. , Amadio F. , Lecoq-Molinos H. , Carone L. , Decin L. , Jørgensen U. G. , Helling Ch.
Published: November 2024

Context. Warm Saturn-type exoplanets orbiting M dwarfs are particularly suitable for an in-depth cloud characterisation through transmission spectroscopy because the contrast of their stellar to planetary radius is favourable. The global temperatures of warm Saturns suggest efficient cloud formation in their atmospheres which in return affects the temperature, velocity, and chemical structure. However, a consistent modelling of the formation processes of cloud particles within the 3D atmosphere remains computationally challenging.

Aims. We explore the combined atmospheric and micro-physical cloud structure and the kinetic gas-phase chemistry of warm Saturn-like exoplanets in the irradiation field of an M dwarf. The combined modelling approach supports the interpretation of observational data from current (e.g. JWST and CHEOPS) and future missions (PLATO, Ariel, and HWO).

Methods. A combined 3D cloudy atmosphere model for HATS-6b was constructed by iteratively executing the 3D general circulation model (GCM) expeRT/MITgcm and a detailed kinetic cloud formation model, each in its full complexity. The resulting cloud particle number densities, particle sizes, and material compositions were used to derive the local cloud opacity which was then used in the next GCM iteration. The disequilibrium H/C/O/N gas-phase chemistry was calculated for each iteration to assess the resulting transmission spectrum in post-processing.

Results. We present the first model atmosphere that iteratively combines cloud formation and 3D GCM simulation and applied it to the warm Saturn HATS-6b. The cloud opacity feedback causes a temperature inversion at the sub-stellar point and at the evening terminator at gas pressures higher than 10−2 bar. Furthermore, clouds cool the atmosphere between 10−2 bar and 10 bar, and they narrow the equatorial wind jet. The transmission spectrum shows muted gas-phase absorption and a cloud particle silicate feature at ~10 μm.

Conclusions. The combined atmosphere-cloud model retains the full physical complexity of each component and therefore enables a detailed physical interpretation with JWST NIRSpec and MIRI LRS observational accuracy. The model shows that warm Saturn-type exoplanets around M dwarfs are ideal candidates for a search for limb asymmetries in clouds and chemistry, for identifying the cloud particle composition by observing their spectral features, and for identifying in particular the cloud-induced strong thermal inversion that arises on these planets.
Planetesimal gravitational collapse in a gaseous environment: Thermal and dynamic evolution
Authors: Segretain P. , Méheut H. , Moreira M. , Lesur G. , Robert C. , Mauxion J.
Published: November 2024

Planetesimal formation models often invoke the gravitational collapse of pebble clouds to overcome various barriers to grain growth and propose processes to concentrate particles sufficiently to trigger this collapse. On the other hand, the geochemical approach for planet formation constrains the conditions for planetesimal formation and evolution by providing temperatures that should be reached to explain the final composition of planetesimals, the building blocks of planets. To elucidate the thermal evolution during gravitational collapse, we used numerical simulations of a self-gravitating cloud of particles and gas coupled with gas drag. Our goal is to determine how the gravitational energy relaxed during the contraction is distributed among the different energy components of the system, and how this constrains a thermal and dynamical planetesimal’s history. We identify the conditions necessary to achieve a temperature increase of several hundred kelvins, and as much as 1600 K. Our results emphasise the key role of the gas during the collapse.
Origin of the black hole spin in lower-mass-gap black hole-neutron star binaries
Authors: Qin Ying , Wang Zhen-Han-Tao , Meynet Georges , Hu Rui-Chong , Fu Chengjie , Shu Xin-Wen , Wang Zi-Yuan , Yi Shuang-Xi , Tang Qing-Wen , Song Han-Feng , Liang En-Wei
Published: November 2024

During the fourth observing run, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration reported the detection of a coalescing compact binary (GW230529−181500) with component masses estimated at 2.5 − 4.5 M⊙ and 1.2 − 2.0 M⊙ with 90% credibility. Given the current constraints on the maximum neutron star (NS) mass, this event is most likely a lower-mass-gap (LMG) black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binary. The spin magnitude of the BH, especially when aligned with the orbital angular momentum, is critical in determining whether the NS is tidally disrupted. An LMG BHNS merger with a rapidly spinning BH is an ideal candidate for producing electromagnetic counterparts. However, no such signals have been detected. In this study, we employ a detailed binary evolution model that incorporates new dynamical tide implementations to explore the origin of BH spin in an LMG BHNS binary. If the NS forms first, the BH progenitor (He-rich star) must begin in orbit shorter than 0.35 days to spin up efficiently, potentially achieving a spin magnitude of χBH > 0.3. Alternatively, if a nonspinning BH (e.g., MBH = 3.6 M⊙) forms first, it can accrete up to ≈0.2 M⊙ via case BA mass transfer (MT), reaching a spin magnitude of χBH ≈ 0.18 under Eddington-limited accretion. With a higher Eddington accretion limit (i.e., 10.0 ̇MEdd), the BH can attain a significantly higher spin magnitude of χBH ≈  0.65 by accreting approximately 1.0 M⊙ during case BA MT phase.
Water quality and immunological response of banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) co-cultured with green seaweed (Caulerpa lentillifera) in the laboratory
Authors: Nur Abidin , Rizkiyanti Ita , Widyany Deshinta Arie , Ruliaty Lisa , Soleh Mohamad , Suwoyo Damar , Taslihan Arief
Published: November 2024

Co-culture of newly domesticated shrimp, F. merguiensis, and green seaweed, C. lentillifera, was conducted in six cement tanks to assess their impact on water quality and immunological response. Shrimp juveniles (14,3±0.3 mg) were stocked at a density of 50 shrimps/m2 and co-cultured with C. lentillifera at two initial stocking rates: A (0.1 kg/m2), B (0.2 kg/m2), and C (without seaweed) as a control treatment. All treatments were replicated twice, and the trial lasted eight weeks. The results of the experiment demonstrated that co-culturing F. merguiensis with C. lentillifera not only improves water quality, primarily nitrogen (TAN, NO2, NO3) and phospate (PO4-) compounds, but also on immunological parameters (THC, DHC, PA, and PO activity) assessed. Shrimp production indicators improve significantly (p<0.05) after seaweed treatments. Furthermore, C. lentillifera grows at a pace of more than 10% per day and is suggested for co-culture with shrimp at a density of 0.1 - 0.2 kg/m2.
Optimizing JICA Tilapia Larvae Production: Effect of Egg Density in Controlled Hatching at Jambi Peatland Hatchery
Authors: Sutisna Ena , Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko , Pratama Indra , Kurniasih Titin , Ediwarman Ediwarman , Panigoro Novita , Yustiran Yudi , Rahmat Rahmat
Published: November 2024

Sustainable aquaculture is crucial for environmental and economic stability in tropical regions. JICA tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) aquaculture development in Sumatran peatlands requires sustainable fry. This study aimed to analyze the optimal egg density to maximize larval production in a controlled hatchery environment. Utilizing a randomized experimental approach, we obtained eggs from naturally spawned tilapia, hatched in a funnel container (top diameter 30 cm; bottom diameter 15 cm; height 50 cm; water volume 10 L) within a 5 x 10 x 1 m3 tub filled with 90 cm of water using a recirculation system. We compared two densities: 2,000 eggs/L water and 3,000 eggs/L water. The findings of our study indicate that the difference in hatching rate between egg densities of 2000 eggs/L and 3000 eggs/L was not significant at the 95% confidence level (p> 0.05). Increasing the egg density to 3000 eggs/L does not significantly reduce the hatching rate, making it possible to consider higher densities without significant risks to larval production. This offers a model that can be replicated in similar tropical peatland environments.
The potential of composite flour (sago and fish) as a source of raw materials for frozen food processing
Authors: Sumarto Sumarto , Suparmi Suparmi , Diharmi Andarini , Karnila Rahman , Hidayat Taufik
Published: November 2024

A mixture of sago flour and fish flour (Ilisha elongata) can be used as a composite flour source of raw material for food processing production of functional value. The research aimed to determine the characteristics of composite flour from sago and bang fish flour with concentration. The experimental research method processed composite flour from sago flour and fish flour with varying additions of fish flour 1%, 5%, and 10% of the total sago flour. The composite flour was subjected to a gelatinization process, a cooking method that involves heating the flour in water to form a gel to obtain its characteristics. The result showed that the processing of composite flour with fish flour affects the moisture content, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, mineral content, and profile of the number of essential and non-essential amino acids of composite flour. The best concentration of composite flour was 10%, with a high protein of 6.39 and calcium of 2869 mg/kg. Methionine and glutamate Methionine and glutamate are the highest amino acids, and the degree of gelatinization is 93.95%. Composite flour, with a concentration of 10%, has much potential for applied frozen food products (nuggets and fish balls).
Distribution and Condition of Sonneratia caseolaris Mangroves in the Siak River Tidal Area, Pekanbaru City
Authors: Efriyeldi Efriyeldi , Mulyadi Aras , Mubarak Mubarak
Published: November 2024

This research was carried out in the tidal area of the Siak River, Pekanbaru, Riau Province. The purpose of this research is to determine the distribution and condition of Sonneratia caseolaris in the tidal areas of the Siak River in Pekanbaru as a basis for assessing future sea level rise. The method used in this research is a survey method and purposive sampling technique was used to determine the sampling points. The distribution of S. caseolaris was mapped by determining the current most upstream distribution point. S. caseolaris is presented in terms of tree diameter and condition. The distribution and condition of S. caseolaris were analyzed descriptively. The results show that the distribution of S. caseolaris in the upstream direction currently reaches the point 0°32′48.39″ N and 101°27′25.97″ E. The density of S. caseolaris ranged from 1.67 – 2.67 ind/100m2 for the sapling group and ranged from 3.67 – 18.67 ind/100m2 for the tree group. S. caseolaris is found along river flows towards the estuary with tree diameters ranging from 1.91 – 3.82 cm for sampling and 4.14.- 48.09 for tree. The average diameter of the tree becomes larger towards the river mouth.
Westinghouse fluence methodology uncertainty estimates for reactor vessel internals fast neutron exposure evaluation in subsequent license renewal period
Authors: Chen Jianwei , Amiri Benjamin , Geer Jared
Published: November 2024

The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has expressed concerns about the calculated fast neutron fluence exposure uncertainties for the reactor vessel internals (RVI) of light water reactors for extended operation [1, 2]. The current guidance for calculating neutron fluence, Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.190 [3], was developed with a focus on the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) region surrounding the active core, which may not be adequate for the RVI above and below the active core during the license renewal periods, especially the subsequent license renewal (SLR) period. An updated version of ANSI/ANS 19-10 [4] may fill the regulatory guidance gap on neutron fluence determination methodology for RVI but still faces the challenges of lacking RVI fluence measurement benchmark data and analytical uncertainty analysis, which are two cornerstones for qualifying a neutron fluence determination methodology. The Pressurized Water Reactor Owners Group (PWROG) has responded to this regulatory concern and have performed analytical uncertainty analysis and measurement benchmark work to address these two technical challenges for the nuclear power industry.
Design considerations for wavefront sensing with self-referencing interferometers in adaptive optics systems
Authors: MacGillivray Alexander C. , Hristovski Ilija R. , Jenne Matthias F. , Reeves Andrew P. , Mata Calvo Ramon , Holzman Jonathan F.
Published: November 2024

In this work, we show the design and implementation of wavefront sensing with a self-referencing interferometer (SRI). The SRI is developed to aid adaptive optics (AO) control, via deformable mirrors, in correcting wavefront error from atmospheric turbulence in (laser-based) free-space optical communication links. The SRI is used here given its potential to outperform more common wavefront sensors in functioning over weak through strong turbulence conditions. In this study, we identify and analyse the key parameters in the SRI’s optical design and show guiding principles for its subsequent image processing.
Nodal auxiliary space preconditioners for mixed virtual element methods
Authors: Boon Wietse M. , Nilsson Erik
Published: November 2024

We propose nodal auxiliary space preconditioners for facet and edge virtual elements of lowest order by deriving discrete regular decompositions on polytopal grids and generalizing the Hiptmair–Xu preconditioner to the virtual element framework. The preconditioner consists of solving a sequence of elliptic problems on the nodal virtual element space, combined with appropriate smoother steps. Under assumed regularity of the mesh, the preconditioned system is proven to have bounded spectral condition number independent of the mesh size and this is verified by numerical experiments on a sequence of polygonal meshes. Moreover, we observe numerically that the preconditioner is robust on meshes containing elements with high aspect ratios.
Einfluss einer Gangjustierhilfe auf die
Oberkörperbewegung
Authors: Anders Christoph , Dürrschnabel Damian
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund  Trotzdem der Mensch auf ca. 3 Millionen Jahre Evolution des
aufrechten Ganges zurück blicken kann ist dieser Prozess, wie auch alle anderen
evolutionären Prozesse nicht als abgeschlossen zu betrachten. Dies gilt
insbesondere unter sich ständig ändernden Umweltbedingungen. Um hier zu
optimieren wurde eine Orthesen-ähnliche Einlage, die so genannte
Gangjustierhilfe (GJH), die medial im Bereich des Fersenbeines appliziert wird
entwickelt. Die vorliegende Studie evaluiert die Auswirkung der GJH beim
beschuhten Gehen auf die Gehgeschwindigkeit und die Oberkörperbewegung beim
Gehen.

Materialien und Methoden  Dafür wurden 40 gesunde Probanden (20 Frauen,
19–35 Jahre) während des Gehens über festen Boden bei selbst gewählter normaler,
sowie betont langsamer und schneller Gehgeschwindigkeit untersucht. Die Messung
der Gehgeschwindigkeit erfolgte über ein Lichtschrankensystem, die
Oberkörperbewegungen wurden über Inertialsensoren, die verwackelungsfrei am
Sternumbefestigt waren erfasst. Zur Auswertung kamen dabei die Beschleunigung,
sowie die Winkelgeschwindigkeiten in jeweils drei Achsen.

Ergebnisse  Die mittleren Gehgeschwindigkeiten waren bei Anwendung der GJH
für normales und betont schnelles Gehen signifikant höher als ohne GJH (Normal,
ohne GJH 1,41±0,05 m/s (MW±95% CI), mit GJH 1,47±0,04 m/s; schnell, ohne GJH
1,79±0,06 m/s, mit GJH 1,82±0,05 m/s). Für die Oberkörperbewegungen konnte
während der Lastübernahme (0–5% normierter Gangzyklus) eine signifikant
schnellere Extensionsbewegung des Oberkörpers nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerungen  Die GJH bewirkt somit einen lokomotionsaktivierenden
Effekt und unabhängig davon eine erhöhte Aufrichtbewegung des Oberkörpers, die
zu einer Rückverlagerung des Körperschwerpunktes und damit zu einem verbesserten
funktionellen Gangbild beiträgt. Diese verstärkte Aufrichtung kann darüber
hinaus als Baustein zur Sturzprophylaxe unserer immer älter werdenden
Bevölkerung beitragen.
Frontal Bone Morphology in Different Age and Gender Groups Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Hajizadeh Barfejani Arnavaz , Noroozi Amirhossein , Karagah Aida , Tofangchiha Maryam , Taghavi-Damghani Farnaz , Alizadeh Ahad
Published: November 2024

Background The shape of the forehead is primarily determined by the frontal bone, which holds significance for health and aesthetics. This study evaluated the morphology of the frontal bone in different age groups and genders using computed tomography (CT).

Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on CT scan results of 220 patients divided into three age groups: 20–29.27, 29.27–47.54, and 47.54–95 years. The investigation explored the lower and upper angles compared with the Sella–Nasion (SN) line, the maximum frontal projection with Nasion in the SN plan, and the variations in frontal thickness across different angles (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees) relative to the SN plane. All data were analyzed using R software, considering the significance level p < 0.05.

Results Of 220 patients, 119 were men, and the mean age of the participants was 41.09 ± 18.06 years. The average upper frontal slope (UFS) angle was 56.96 ± 8.17 degrees, which was 59.35 ± 7.92 degrees in females and 54.94 ± 7.86 degrees in males. The mean lower frontal slope (LFS) angle was 86.30 ± 7.96 degrees, which was 90.71 ± 6.67 degrees in females and 82.55 ± 7.00 degrees in males. The average contour nasion (C–N) distance was 7.51 ± 3.72 mm. Also, the frontal thickness at an angle of 15 degrees had the highest value of 13.08 ± 2.68 mm and at 30 degrees had the lowest value of 5.81 ± 1.56 mm. A significant difference was observed between the UFS and LFS among males and females (p < 0.001). Across all age groups, men exhibited a steeper angle, indicating a greater posterior inclination than women. Moreover, males with upper ages reported a significant increase in C–N distance and frontal projection (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Our findings emphasize the importance of considering gender-specific variations in frontal bone structure when planning cosmetic or reconstructive procedures involving the forehead.
Fetal Gastroschisis: Maternal Epidemiologic Profile and Influence of
Possible Risk Factors on Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Muniz Thalita Diógenes , Rolo Liliam Cristine , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: November 2024

Objective  The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal
epidemiological profile for gastroschisis as well as to assess whether the
presence of meconium at birth was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods  This was a retrospective observational cohort study that included
52 neonates with gastroschisis whose mothers had delivery at our service. The
variables observed were the following: 1) socio-demographic data, 2)
ultrasonographic data, 3) birth data, and 4) neonatal outcomes. Simple
(univariate) and multiple (multivariate) logistic regression models were used to
examine the influence of meconium on neonatal outcomes.

Results  Mean maternal age and body mass index (BMI) of the pregnant women
were 21.9 years and 23.3 kg/m2, respectively. There was a similarity between
mixed (50%) and white (48.1%) races, and 27.7% (13) reported to use an oral
contraceptive (OC). Mean birth weight was 2,386.9 grams, and 24 of the neonates
(46.2%) were premature (<37 weeks). The majority of neonates had neonatal
sepsis (40.4%) and 39 were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a
median length of stay of 31 days. Forty neonates required mechanical
ventilation, with a median duration of 5 days. Primary closure was achieved in
50% (26) of cases. Although not significant and with low precision, the point
estimate suggested that the presence of meconium at birth, on average, reduced
the chance of primary closure (OR=0.26, CI 95% [0.06; 1.16], p=0.077).

Conclusion  Pregnant women with gastroschisis fetuses were more likely to
be young, primigravida, with a normal BMI, white or mixed, and with a history of
OC use. There was no evidence of an association between the presence of meconium
at birth and adverse perinatal outcomes.
Different Evaluation Strategies of Oncological CT Examinations with Regard to Professional Experience: A Clinical Study Using Eye-tracking
Authors: Kluge Sara , Schülke Christoph , Ites Hannah Christin , Zoubi Tarek , Dewald Cornelia L.A. , Heindel Walter , Buerke Boris , Höink Anna Janina
Published: November 2024

Contrast-enhanced CT is the standard imaging technique in oncological objectives. Rates of missed pathologies depend on work experience of the respective radiologists. Thus the aim of this study is to analyze the eye movements of professionals while reading CT images in order to evaluate whether the eye-fixation patterns and search strategies of experienced radiologists could explain higher detection rates of pathologies and whether such patterns can be learned.

Anonymized images of 10 patients were presented to three medical students and six radiologists with different levels of work experience. During image analysis, ocular fixation positions were recorded using an eye-tracking software tool. The CT scans were analyzed retrospectively, considering the individual course of disease with the issue of successful detection of all pathologies. Visual attention and dwell time of ocular fixation on clinically important abnormalities or areas with pathological findings, general search patterns, and time efficiency were assessed. For statistical analysis, interobserver variability and accuracy of lesion detection were evaluated taking into account individual experience.

The results revealed that observer sensitivity depends on work experience due to a more systematic order of inspection and a well-known course of disease, e.g. in case of metastatic spread. The areas of missed pathologies mostly included secondary findings. Inexperienced readers changed the stratification considerably more often and required more time for reporting or detecting pathologies.

Our results suggest that experienced radiological physicians reduce their amount of missed findings by looking more systematically at images and by applying a more targeted inspection of clinically important regions.
Artificial Intelligence-based Assessment of Facial Symmetry Aesthetics of Saudi Arabian Population
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alfawzan Ahmed Ali
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate facial symmetry aesthetics (FSA) in the Saudi Arabian population using artificial intelligence (AI).

Two hundred and ten people from a range of demographic backgrounds participated in an observational cross-sectional study that was done at a hospital. Standardized posed photos of the face and smile were taken using a Canon camera utilizing a stratified random sample approach. Webceph software (Korea) with AI was used to evaluate macro, micro, and tiny aesthetic factors. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests, post hoc Bonferroni testing, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and descriptive statistics. The computation of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) was utilized to assess the dependability of AI evaluations.

All variables had ICCs of more than 0.97, indicating exceptional dependability for the AI-based evaluations. Between the Class I and Class III malocclusion groups, there were significant variations in right mandibular body length (p < 0.001), with Class III patients exhibiting greater values. While no significant changes were identified for other characteristics, paired t-tests showed a significant divergence in mandibular body length between the right and left sides (p = 0.001). In Class III malocclusion, there was a significant preference for right deviation in the direction of mandibular deviation (p = 0.005). These results imply that AI is capable of accurately identifying some anatomical characteristics associated with face aesthetics, especially when it comes to differentiating between Class III malocclusions.

In conclusion, the Saudi Arabian population's facial symmetry assessments via AI have demonstrated a high degree of reliability and consistency. Notably, the length of the mandible on the right side has emerged as a crucial feature in discriminating between malocclusion classes. The study emphasizes how AI might improve the accuracy of assessments of face aesthetics and our knowledge of facial features connected to malocclusion.
Feasibility of a novel 5F plastic stent in endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Nakahara Kazunari , Igarashi Yosuke , Sekine Akihiro , Satta Yusuke , Niwa Haruka , Sato Junya , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Otsubo Takehito , Tateishi Keisuke
Published: November 2024

Many reports have demonstrated the efficacy of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting (EGBS) for acute cholecystitis (AC), most of which have traditionally used a 7F plastic stent. The study aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel 5F plastic stent in EGBS for AC.

We designed a retrospective study that compared the outcomes between 7F and 5F stents in patients undergoing EGBS. Among 147 patients who underwent endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage for AC between January 2019 and July 2023, 104 who underwent EGBS using a 7F (n = 53) or 5F (n = 51) plastic stent were included in the analysis.

The technical success rate for EGBS, clinical success rate for AC, and early adverse events (AEs) rate in the 7F and 5F groups were 92.5% vs 100%, 100% vs 98.0%, and 5.7% vs 3.9%, respectively, with no significant differences. However, only in the 7F group, four patients failed stent insertion and three patients developed postprocedure pancreatitis. Furthermore, incidence of hyperamylasemia was lower in the 5F group (24.5% vs 9.8%, P = 0.047). The late AE rate did not differ significantly between the 7F and 5F groups (14.3% vs 10.0%). The median time to late AE was 238 days for the 7F group and 187 days for the 5F group, with no significant difference.

A 5F stent can provide outcomes comparable to those of a 7F stent and help prevent hyperamylasemia.
Testing an online screening tool for epilepsy surgery evaluation
Authors: Madeira Bianca Cecchele , Schönwald Suzana Veiga , Winckler Pablo Brea , Martin Kelin Cristine , Torres Carolina Machado , Bizzi Jorge Wladimir Junqueira , Bianchin Marino Muxfeldt
Published: November 2024

Background Epilepsy surgery is recognized for its effectiveness in controlling seizures in a significant number of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Despite this, there remains a notable deficiency in referring these patients for video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring and surgical evaluation. Addressing this gap, the Canadian Appropriateness of Epilepsy Surgery (CASES), an online tool for epilepsy surgery evaluation (www.epilepsycases.com), was developed to aid physicians in the referral process of patients with refractory epilepsy to surgical assessments.

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the utility of CASES in identifying candidates for epilepsy surgery, thereby facilitating clinical decision-making for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the CASES platform to assess surgical candidacy among individuals with epilepsy. Participants were selected among those receiving care at the Epilepsy Clinic of the Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, over a 3-month period. The study cohort included 211 patients. Data were systematically extracted from patient medical records or collected during clinical appointments.

Results Of the evaluated cohort, 59.6% were identified as potential candidates for video-EEG monitoring and subsequent surgical evaluation. Factors significantly associated with recommendations for video-EEG and surgical assessment included seizure frequency, the number of antiseizure medications (ASMs) trialed, and the occurrence of drug-related adverse effects.

Conclusion The CASES showed significant potential in guiding recommendations for video-EEG monitoring and facilitating referrals for epilepsy surgery. This tool may not only enhance patient treatments and outcomes but also contribute to cost savings in epilepsy management in both the short and long term.
Linear and nonlinear causality in financial markets
Authors: Ma Haochun , Prosperino Davide , Haluszczynski Alexander , Räth Christoph
Published: November 2024

Identifying and quantifying co-dependence between financial instruments is a key challenge for researchers and practitioners in the financial industry. Linear measures such as the Pearson correlation are still widely used today, although their limited explanatory power is well known. In this paper, we present a much more general framework for assessing co-dependencies by identifying linear and nonlinear causalities in the complex system of financial markets. To do so, we use two different causal inference methods, transfer entropy and convergent cross-mapping, and employ Fourier transform surrogates to separate their linear and nonlinear contributions. We find that stock indices in Germany and the U.S. exhibit a significant degree of nonlinear causality and that correlation, while a very good proxy for linear causality, disregards nonlinear effects and hence underestimates causality itself. The presented framework enables the measurement of nonlinear causality, the correlation–causality fallacy, and motivates how causality can be used for inferring market signals, pair trading, and risk management of portfolios. Our results suggest that linear and nonlinear causality can be used as early warning indicators of abnormal market behavior, allowing for better trading strategies and risk management.
A new approach to the description of plasma Langmuir waves
Authors: Tskhakaya Davy D.
Published: November 2024

After finding an exact solution to the Vlasov–Boltzmann kinetic equation (i.e., finding distribution functions for plasma particles), we consider the description of Landau damping using Poisson's equation, since with the complete distribution function, there is no need to split the kinetic equation into equilibrium and perturbed parts for the subsequent implementation of the pole bypass in the integrand expression. The found distribution function depends, in addition to velocity, on the coordinates and can be used to analytically consider different cases and configurations of the spatial confinement of the plasma. General distribution function for electrons is discussed. We consider the behavior of Langmuir waves, also at the nonlinear stage.
Perspective of environmentally friendly antimony selenide-based solar cell
Authors: Chen Guojie , Zhao Jun , Chen Shuo , Zheng Zhuanghao , Su Zhenghua , Luo Jingting , Liang Guangxing
Published: November 2024

Antimony selenide has been intensively investigated as an interesting alternative for solar cell absorbers due to its excellent physical properties. Owing to the remarkable advancements in the last several decades, chemical and physics methods have improved the power conversion efficiency of antimony selenide solar cells by over 10%, almost at the level needed for industrial applications. In this perspective, we have outlined the issues and challenges these antimony chalcogenides face in photoelectric applications. We have proposed some feasible suggestions for improving its performance and applications in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
Stochastic flocking dynamics of the Cucker–Smale model driven by Lévy noise
Authors: Feng Ziyue , Wang Xiao , Liu Yicheng
Published: November 2024

Lévy noise is a broader type of white noise, which describes discontinuous noise and is more closely to simulate the realistic environment. In this paper, we introduce Lévy noise into the Cucker–Smale model to investigate its effect on the flocking dynamics of the system. The well-posedness of the system is guaranteed by defining an appropriate stopping time and constructing a Lyapunov function. Through the strong law of large numbers for martingales, a sufficient framework of the strong stochastic flocking is obtained without the strict assumption that the communication rate function has a positive lower bound due to the introduction of Lévy noise. We find that Lévy noise can accelerate flocking and become good noise in some cases. Finally, several numerical simulations are presented to validate our results and further observe effects of Lévy noise.