bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upwardly Mobile or How to Make Electrons Travel Faster
Authors: Turton Richard
Published: November 2023

How do we make a transistor faster? In other words, what can we do to reduce the time it takes to switch it on and then off again? We have already seen that the switching time must be long enough to allow a typical electron to get from one side of the gate region to the other. The simplest way to decrease this time is to reduce the distance that the electron has to travel. This is the route we followed in the previous chapter. An alternative solution is to encourage the electrons to travel faster. This requires a far more subtle approach. To see how we can achieve this we need to have an understanding of how an electron behaves as it makes its way through the maze of atoms in a crystal.

Let us begin with a very primitive model of a crystal in which each atom is represented by a hard sphere. These spheres occupy fixed positions so that they form a regular three-dimensional grid. Figure 6.1 shows a typical path of an electron as it moves through this structure.
Angels & Angelology in the Middle Ages
Authors: Keck David
Published: November 2023

Recently angels have made a remarkable comeback in the popular imagination; their real heyday, however, was the Middle Ages. From the great shrines dedicated to Michael the Archangel at Mont-St-Michel and Monte Garano to the elaborate metaphysical speculations of the great thirteenth-century scholastics, angels dominated the physical, temporal, and intellectual landscape of the medieval West. This book offers a full-scale study of angels and angelology in the Middle Ages. Seeking to discover how and why angels became so important in medieval society, David Keck considers a wide range of fascinating questions such as: Why do angels appear on baptismal fonts? How and why did angels become normative for certain members of the church? How did they become a required course of study? Did popular beliefs about angels diverge from the angelologies of the theologians? Why did some heretics claim to derive their authority from heavenly spirits? Keck spreads his net wide in the attempt to catch traces of angels and angelic beliefs in as many portions of the medieval world as possible. Metaphysics and mystery plays, prayers and pilgrimages, Cathars and cathedrals-all these and many more disparate sources taken together reveal a society deeply engaged with angels on all its levels and in some unlikely ways.
Monks and Mendicants
Authors: Keck David
Published: November 2023

By accepting a simple habit, a monk entered into an ancient tradition of under-standing the religious life in terms of angels. While the lives of Christ and the Apostles always served as the primary model for both monks and mendicants, the desire to imitate the first Christians in no way precluded the use of angels to conceive of the apostolic or religious life. This association of monks and angels should not be surprising; the central elements of the monastic life, the three vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, are characteristics that also apply to the life of the saints and angels in heaven. Angels need no material goods, and there are no marriages in heaven (Matthew 22:30 states, “For in the resurrection [men and women] neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven”). Because of the confirmation of the grace of glory, the angels are able to exist in complete obedience to God. The angelic life offers a vision of existence without the snares of riches, the flesh, and the fallen will.
Culture and the State in America
Authors: Kammen Michael
Published: November 2023

During 1989-90 the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) underwent a fierce attack because it indirectly funded allegedly anti-Christian work by Andres Serrano and a Robert Mapplethorpe

photographic exhibition considered pornographic by some.* In 1991 a revisionist, didactic display of Western art at the National Museum of American Art (part of the Smithsonian Institution) aroused congressional ire, yet that latter episode now seems, in retrospect, a fairly calm fracas compared with the controversy generated in 1994-95 by “The Last Act, “ a long-planned exhibition concerning the end of World War II in the Pacific that was canceled by the Secretary of the Smithsonian because of immense political pressure and adverse publicity emanating from veterans ‘ organizations and from Capitol Hill.

Throughout 1995 those who hoped to eliminate entirely the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and NEA, the Institute of Museum Services, and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and to reduce.
Myth, Memory, and Amnesia in American Historical Art
Authors: Kammen Michael
Published: November 2023

It has long been commonplace for skillful historians to think of themselves as artists, or to achieve recognition as “artists “ painting with words. That aspiration characterized such prominent mid-nineteenth-century romantic historians as William Hickling Prescott and Francis Parkman, as well as many of their contemporaries. Alternatively, this essay considers artists who aimed to record or to envision history. If they romanticized the past, so did the prestigious historians who were their peers. Examining the artists ‘ careers may suggest to us that a tension existed between pursuit of the romantic and the authentic, though in reality the tension lies more in our perceptions than in their work. These artists did not regard authenticity and romanticism as incompatible or incongruous values. The former had to do with historical veracity as they understood it; the latter involved the spirit and emotional significance of what they depicted, not to mention its meaning for Americans in search of historically informedself-knowledge-as individuals and also collectively as a people.1
The Therapeutic Corporation
Authors: Tucker James
Published: November 2023

A growing number of contemporary organizations have management structures that are less centralized and hierarchical than the traditional bureaucratic model. This book takes a close look inside one such organization: an employee-owned manufacturing corporation. It addresses the question of how conflicts are handled when bureaucracy is greatly reduced--and its findings will surprise and enlighten many readers. Therapy, a behaviour or practice normally thought to be confined to the offices of psychiatrists and the wards of mental hospitals, turns out to be the most common way of handling conflict in the postbureaucratic work environment. James Tucker reveals that this therapeutic system of social control contrasts sharply, and tellingly, with the more authoritative--often violent--systems of social control found in more centralized and hierarchical work settings, especially those of the past.
Therapeutic Peacemaking
Authors: Tucker James
Published: November 2023

Not all organizational conflict is downward. People also define and respond to deviant behavior by their peers. Though peers have no formal authority over each other, they regularly engage in social control. Peers may pursue conflict through physical and verbal attacks, for example, or managers may intervene and pacify disputes by separating and scolding the adversaries. In the postbureaucratic organization, where hierarchy is weak and peers are socially close, lateral conflict is handled less aggressively and authoritatively than elsewhere. Combining elements of therapy and conciliation, social control helps individuals address their intrapersonal problems and restore harmony to their damaged relationships. Most conflict is handled by peers themselves, although managers sometimes lend assistance as mediators.
Genesis of the Big Bang
Authors: Alpher Ralph A , Herman Robert
Published: November 2023

The authors of this volume have been intimately connected with the conception of the Big Bang model since 1947. Following the late George Gamov’s ideas in 1942 and more particularly in 1946 that the early universe was an appropriate site for the synthesis of the elements, they became deeply involved in the question of cosmic nucleosynthesis and particularly the synthesis of the light elements. In the course of this work they developed a general relativistic model of the expanding universe with physics folded in, which led in a progressive, logical sequence to our prediction of the existence of a present cosmic background radiation some seventeen years before the observation of such radiation was reported by Penzias and Wilson. In addition, they carried out with James W. Follin, Jr., a detailed study of the physics of what was then considered to be the very early universe, starting a few seconds after the Big Bang, which still provides a methodology for studies of light element nucleosynthesis. Because of their involvement, they bring a personal perspective to the subject. They present a picture of what is now believed to be the state of knowledge about the evolution of the expanding universe and delineate the story of the development of the Big Bang model as they have seen and lived it from their own unique vantage point.
The Triple Crisis of The French Peasantry, 1929–39
Authors: Paxton Robert O
Published: November 2023

During A Long Decade that began in the late 1920s, the men and women who drew their living from agriculture in France faced very hard times. Peasants always face hard times, and they always feel that city people care little and understand less about them. But the crisis of the 1930s went beyond the recurring insecurities—illness, bad weather, poor harvests—that peasants have always taken for granted as part of their lot. This crisis, which seemed to threaten the French family farm with extinc­tion, had three dimensions.

First, the economic dimension of the peasant crisis of the 1930s—during the Great Depression—was an ever-deepening decline of farm prices that lasted so long and plunged so low that even the most diligent efforts could barely keep a family alive. Second, the cultural dimension of this crisis was the low esteem for peasant life, values, and needs that seemed to permeate the Third Republic. Schools, films, literature, and the popular press were devoted, or so it seemed to farm families, to making the peasants’ children feel contempt for their way of life. They lured the best young people away to the cities and emptied the villages in a disheartening “rural exodus.”
The Rise of Dorgèrism
Authors: Paxton Robert O
Published: November 2023

Nothing in Henry Dorgères’s origins or youth seemed to prepare him to become the main rightwing peasant agitator of 1930s France. He was not raised on a farm. He was born Henri-Auguste D’Halluin in Wasquehal (Nord), near Lllle, on 6 February 1897, the eldest son of a butcher who also fattened a few cattle for slaughter. The D’ is not the noble particule de, as the Left press kept insisting in the face of Dorgères’s energetic (and, for once, accurate) denials that he was the “vicomte d’Halluin.” The D’ was simply an ordinary kind of family name in the Nord. When Henri-Auguste’s father died young, his mother and all the children struggled to keep the butcher shop going.
Five Scenarios of Peasant Action
Authors: Paxton Robert O
Published: November 2023

If We Try To understand Dorgères’s movement by laying out a table of organization and listing a program, point by point, we will miss the mark. Institutions and ideology, those staples of most studies of contemporary political life, are not the best keys to a movement whose structures were loose and whose appeals were not primarily to the intellect. Dorgèrism was most itself in the heat of the moment and in the distinctiveness of each village that was swept up in it for a season.

Thus in this chapter we observe Dorgèrism in action. The drama and emotion of these encounters bring us closer to understanding how it functioned at the village level. These narratives have several common features. In each the peasants have material grievances that, they are con­vinced, neither the Third Republic’s democratic politics, with its new urban majority, nor the traditional rural leaders can resolve. Dorgères’s kind of direct collective action also offers a sort of emotional satisfaction that the Republic and the traditional agricultural organizations deny. In each confrontation, hitherto obscure small farmers emerge into leadership roles. As the protestors’ peers, supplanting their customary paternalist notable leaders, they are capable of arousing a powerful village solidarity against an outside world deemed uncomprehending and hostile and of shaking the entrenched rural oligarchies of the late Third Republic.
Symbolic Identity Formation in an African American Religious Sect
Authors: Singer The Black Hebrew Israelites Merrill
Published: November 2023

Since The Civil War, African American communities have witnessed the emergence of an array of religious sects that claim some form of Hebraic or Jewish identity, that adhere to a set of religious rituals derived at least in part from the Old Testament or contemporary Jewish practice, and that embrace an assemblage of symbols, such as the Star of David, suggesting affinity with Judaism. Some of these groups have been large enough or sufficiently flamboyant to attract media or even scholarly attention, but most have been obscure and relatively short-lived. Among the most distinctive African American sects that have claimed a Judaic identity is a group called the Black Hebrew Israelites.1 The uniqueness of this group lies in several factors, including its prominence in the mass media (the group has been the subject of hundreds of newspaper articles and television and radio reports in the United States, Europe, and Israel), its position at the nexus of African American/ Jewish relations within the United States and between the United States and Israel, and its attempt to merge black Jewish identity and religious symbolism with the Return-to-Africa ideology that has been a major theme in African American culture since its inception. Born in the highly segregated inner city of Chicago, the Black Hebrew Israelite group migrated to Liberia in 1967 and then to Israel (which they define as part of Africa) several years later. The group has established a growing community in several development towns in the Negev Desert in southern Israel. The purpose of this essay is to present an interpretation of black Hebrew symbolism within the context of group history and the encompassing political economy of the African American community, that is, in terms of power, class, and race.
A Social Ethics for Social Issues
Authors: Winfrey John C
Published: November 2023

Let us start this exploration by simply acknowledging that we, like most other members of society, have some commitment to moral principles. We each have moral commitments and duties to other individuals and groups within society, and we intend to honor those commitments and duties.
Taxes, the Budget, and Welfare Reform
Authors: Winfrey John C
Published: November 2023

Issues of taxes and welfare reform evoke deep and sometimes conflicting feelings among Americans. The issue of the Boston Tea Party was one of taxation without representation. With or without representation, Americans still resent taxes. As every candidate for political office knows, running on a platform of raising taxes would be suicide. As voters, we always seem willing to suspend our disbelief when politicians promise to cut taxes, balance the budget, and protect defense spending, Social Security, and Medicare. The fact that every candidate knows such promises to be patently absurd does not seem to matter. The candidate who makes the story more believable will be elected.
Introduction
Authors: Robnett Belinda
Published: November 2023

This Book Was Inspired by childhood memories of the civil rights movement. As a child growing up in South Central Los Angeles, I was fortunate to attend schools in Compton, California, where Black people were the principals and teachers. This experience provided me with a sense of pride and an understanding of my Black heritage and community. Within this context, I was aware of the struggle for freedom and can still recall the emotional feelings sweeping over me while listening to Martin Luther King’s speeches on the television.

My family had long endured the struggles against racism; my father’s family is still in possession of my great-great grandmother’s freedom papers. My father grew up poor but managed to obtain a college education through the G.I. Bill. But his bachelor’s degree in biochemistry did not translate into a better job until after the civil rights movement. He, as well as many of my educated aunts and uncles, survived by taking any job he could get. My father, for example, was employed as a cafeteria bus boy, and my aunt worked in the post office. In the late 1950s and the early 1960s, it was not unusual to find Black people with PH.D.s working in the post office.
Being There
Authors: Carroll Jackson W , Wheeler Barbara G , Aleshire Daniel O , Marler Penny Long
Published: November 2023

This book offers a close-up look at theological education in the USA today. The authors’ goal is to understand the way in which institutional culture affects the outcome of the educational process. To that end, they undertake ethnographic studies of two seminaries -- one evangelical and one mainline Protestant. These studies, written in a lively journalistic style, make up the first part of the book and offer fascinating portraits of two very different intellectual, religious, and social worlds. The authors go on to analyse these disparate environments, and suggest how in each case corporate culture acts as an agent of educational change. They find two major consequences stemming from the culture of each school. First, each culture gives expression to a normative goal that aims at shaping the way students understand themselves and from issues of ministry practice. Second, each provides a “cultural tool kit” of knowledge, practices, and skills that students use to construct strategies of action for the various problems and issues that will confront them as pastors or in other forms of ministry. In the concluding chapters, the authors explore the implications of their findings for theories of institutional culture and professional socialization and for interpreting the state of religion in America. They identify some of the practical dilemmas that theological and other professional schools currently face, and reflect on how their findings might contribute to their solution. This accessible, thought-provoking study will not only illuminate the structure and process by which culture educates and forms, but also provide invaluable insights into important dynamics of American religious life.
Philip Melanchthon’s Exegetical Dispute with Erasmus of Rotterdam
Authors: Wengert Timothy J
Published: November 2023

This book argues that Philip Melanchthon, conventionally pictured as hopelessly caught in the middle between Erasmus and Luther, and more "Erasmian" than a Lutheran theologian should have been, was, at least theologically, not Erasmian at all, but in fact sharply anti-Erasmus. Wengert draws largely on Melanchthon's Scholia on the Epistle of Paul to the Colossians as well as on a range of other contemporary sources to address a number of important questions, including the complicated and elusive relationship between humanism and the Reformation and the issues of proper biblical interpretation of free will, of divine and human righteousness, and of political order.
Philip Melanchthon: Alien to or Ally of Erasmus?
Authors: Wengert Timothy J
Published: November 2023

A century ago, a debate raged between two preeminent analysts of the sixteenth century over the relation between the Renaissance and Reformation. On the one side, Ernst Troeltsch argued that the two intellectual movements had been incompatible, so much so that the Reformation— with its medieval concern for God’s control of the world, a Christian secular culture, and a mystical inwardness—stood fundamentally opposed to the hope and promise of the Renaissance’s celebration of a rejuvenated antiquity. On the other, Wilhelm Dilthey insisted that the Reformation and Renaissance were essentially compatible expressions of the dissolution of a medieval theological metaphysics into an individualistic subjectivism.
Melanchthon’s Relation to Erasmus, 1519-1524
Authors: Wengert Timothy J
Published: November 2023

“What is Latin is Erasmian!”1 With this enthusiastic praise the seventeen-year-old Melanchthon expressed one enduring aspect of his estimate of Erasmus’s worth. The Dutch humanist offered to his contemporaries a stunning, if not always Ciceronian, grasp of Latin. Melanchthon expressed the same admiration in his edition of Terence, where he called Erasmus the “greatest and best protector of letters” (optimus  maximus literarum praeses). In response to such laudatory remarks and to the erudite introduction to Terence in which they are found, Erasmus penned his lengthy note to 1 Thess. 2:7. Melanchthon, himself a budding humanist and worker at Thomas Anshelm’s print shop in Tubingen, judged the older man as a humanist-nothing more or less.
Melanchthon’s Controversy with Erasmus as Reflected in Their Correspondence, 1524-1528
Authors: Wengert Timothy J
Published: November 2023

By 1527 Melanchthon had perfected and refined his exegetical method to allow direct and expanded attacks against his opponents. The biblical text and the heart of Christian teaching demanded that he defend and prove his interpretation of Paul against all comers, so that the conscience could fix its faith upon something certain. Three such disputes stand out: on free will against Erasmus, on obedience to governmental authorities against the revolutionaries (and against others, like Erasmus, who did not understand the difference in the twofold righteousness of God), and on law and poenitentia against John Agricola.
Melanchthon at Erasmus’s Funeral: 1528-1560
Authors: Wengert Timothy J
Published: November 2023

Twenty-one years and one week after Erasmus of Rotterdam’s death, a student at the University of Wittenberg, Bartholomew Kalkreuter, recited a declamation, De Erasmo Roterodamo, recently penned for him by Philip Melanchthon.1 In the course of rehearsing Erasmus’s life, he depicted the Dutch humanist’s relation to the Reformation this way: “Afterwards, the whole body of church doctrine was again purified by the voice of that reverend man, Doctor Luther. He [Erasmus] was a preparation for this thing, because the apostolic books and the ancient histories were now in people’s hands.”2 Kalkreuter added that despite their differences, Erasmus agreed with Luther’s attack on church practices, praised Luther’s exegesis, and, in a conversation with Frederick the Wise, insisted that Luther’s greatest errors were attacking “the pope’s crown and the monks’ bellies.”
Heralds of Revolution
Authors: Morrissey Susank
Published: November 2023

Reading Russian revolutionary culture through its stories, author Susan Morrissey examines how the quest for consciousness evolved into a master-plot of student radicalism. Based on interdisciplinary sources and extensive research in Russian archives, this study throws new light on the dynamics of political and cultural change in late Imperial Russia and poses provocative questions about the pre-revolutionary antecedents of the founding myths of the Soviet Union. This work will appeal to historians of Russia and the Soviet Union, as well as specialists in Slavic culture and literature.
Myths and Memories
Authors: Morrissey Susank
Published: November 2023

Georgii Nosar’-chairman of the 1905 St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers’ Deputies under the name Khrustalev-first entered the political fray during the student strike of 1899 at St. Petersburg University. At the very beginning of the protests, before the movement had taken shape, Nosar’ entered the drama from stage right-he was an orator for the moderate group at a skhodka, a prohibited general student meeting. When negotiations with the radicals revealed that he was acting out of “tactical considerations” rather than conviction, he resolved that “the masses were capable of a broader point of view,” switched sides, and joined the strike committee. As a first-year juridical student from Ukraine, Nosar’ could not ground his claim to authority on the seniority and reputation conferred by previous participation in student protests.
“It Is Good to Die Young” Heroic Ends and the Search for a New Story
Authors: Morrissey Susank
Published: November 2023

In the decade before the 1905 Revolution, students proclaimed selfsacrifice in the name of the common good to be a worthy feat. While selfsacrifice usually entailed a heroic symbolic act-strike obstructions or fiery speeches leading to arrest-it also acquired a more literal understanding. Between 1897 and 1905, a series of student suicides entered the master plot of student radicalism. Through the narrative genre of hagiography and the staging of protest memorials and funerals, students unveiled the “real” story behind the individual circumstances: the perpetual struggle of idealistic and principled students against the despotism and arbitrariness of the state.
Taward a Christian Social Science in Canada, 1890-1930
Authors: Gauvreau Michael , Christie Nancy
Published: November 2023

In the almost total absence of the development of the social sciences in Canadian universities before 1920, the Protestant churches served as the primary vehicles by which the social scientific disciplines entered Canadian culture. The enduring dominance of Canadian churches vis-a-vis the universities stood in marked contrast to the American “social gospel” movement which found itself overwhelmed and marginalized by the coincident rise of the social sciences in the universities during the 1890s.
Making Love Modern
Authors: Miller Nina
Published: November 2023

In the teens and twenties, New York was home to a rich variety of literary subcultures. Within these intermingled worlds, gender lines and other boundaries were crossed in ways hardly imaginable in previous decades. Among the bohemians of Greenwich Village, the sophisticates of the Algonquin Round Table and the literati of the Harlem Renaissance, certain women found fresh, powerful voices through which to speak and write. Edna St. Vincent Millay and Dorothy Parker are now best remembered for their colourful lives; Genevieve Taggard, Gwendolyn Bennett, and Helene Johnson are hardly remembered at all. Yet each made a serious literary contribution to the meaning of modern femininity, relationship, and selfhood. Making Love Modern uncovers the deep historical sensitivity and interest of these women’s love poetry. Placing their work in the context of subcultures nested within national culture, Nina Miller explores the tensions that make this literature so rewarding for contemporary readers. A poetry of intimate expression, it also functioned powerfully as public assertion. The writers themselves were high-profile embodiments of femininity, the local representatives of New Womanhood within their male-centred subcultural worlds. Making Love Modern captures the literary lives of these women as well as the complex subcultures they inhabited---Harlem, the Village, and glamorous Midtown. In the end, the book is a much a study of modernist New York as of women’s love poetry during modernism.
Beyond The Bottom Line
Authors: Sandler Martin W , Hudson Deborah A
Published: November 2023

This book brings to the management of nonprofit organizations and public sector organizations the kind of concepts that have long been applied to commercial firms. Management thinking has long been concentrated on the problems of managing commercial organizations. Authors Sandler and Hudson set out to study the best managed nonprofit and government organizations and to determine what they did to achieve their success. The authors found that there is a close similarity between the management thinking of these organizations and that of profit-making firms. Each type of firm defined who their customers were and how to best serve them. They looked for ways of selling their particular product. They formed partnerships with other organizations in pursuit of their ultimate goals. They encouraged innovation among their workers. They diffused power down through the organizations to the lowest level possible. They created an atmosphere that made their workers feel valued. And they had extensive systems for communicating within and outside the organizations. The book develops these concepts in separate chapters and describes the organizations the authors study as examples. Sandler and Hudson are experienced writers who have produced a straightforward, non-technical work that analyzes the special problems and concerns that these organizations share and offers a set of effective organizing principles to improve their management.
God And The Land
Authors: Nelson Stephanie A
Published: November 2023

The Works and Days of Hesiod and Vergil’s Georgics are fundamental texts in the classical canon. Here Nelson brings them together with a metaphysical eye, showing how the two writers each viewed the farming lifestyle as a system of belief unto itself. She represents the ethos of the farm as a way of understanding the earth, the gods, and man between them in vital relation to each other. This study also includes a sparkling new translation of Works and Days by esteemed translator David Grene.
Changing the Game
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne
Published: November 2023

How do companies like Microsoft and Wal-Mart rise to the top of their industries and dominate year after year, while others like People Express and LA Gear burn out after promising starts? In Changing the Game, Eric Flamholtz and Yvonne Randle, two leading management consultants, reveal that the key to success lies in how you transform your organization. Virtually all organizations face critical transition points in their life cycle, when they must change how they play the game, or perish. Flamholtz and Randle focus here on three critical moments: the move from entrepreneurial to professional management, when a firm reaches a stage of growth where it can no longer operate in an informal, unstructured way; the revitalization of an established business that is losing ground to competitors; and a radical change in a business vision. The authors show, for instance, how American Century Investors made the transformation from a $50 million entrepreneurship to a professionally managed company with a market value of $2 billion; how IBM, one of the great American corporations, was forced by the proliferation of PCs in the 1980s to overhaul its business to survive; and how Starbucks Coffee, originally a Seattle coffee-bean store, was inspired by Milans romantic coffee bars to recreate itself and transformed an entire industry. The book concludes with a look at how one company--Bell Carter Olive Company--pulled together all the concepts and tools presented in the book and successfully changed the game. Changing the Game provides a comprehensive framework and a set of tools for the strategic management of organizational transformation. It will help managers meet the challenges of an increasingly competitive business environment.
Changing the Game
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne
Published: November 2023

Every so often, such a profound change occurs in the way a competitive game (such as chess or basketball or football) is played that it constitutes not just an innovation but a fundamental transformation of the game. For example, John Wooden, the legendary UCLA basketball coach, whose teams won ten NCAA titles, transformed the game of basketball by introducing a concept called “the zone press.” The zone press was not just a tactic, but also a strategic vision of how the game ought to be played. Specifically, it consisted of an attacking defense. Instead of the offense having the initiative and momentum, the defense took the initiative and, at least psychologically, if not literally, put the offense on the “defensive.” The offense had to fear that the ball would be stolen, and, accordingly, tended to play more cautiously and less aggressively. When mistakes were made and turnovers occurred, the offense became increasingly frustrated and more cautious. As a result, the tone of the game was actually changed.
Building Successful Organizations
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents a framework that we can use as a lens to understand and plan what must be done to build an organization with a high probability of long-term success. This framework provides the foundation for understanding how to manage organizational transformations successfully. We ask you to think about organizations in a different way—specifically, we view the development of organizations in terms of four critical “factors” that influence the design of a successful business enterprise: 1. The “business concept” that defines the business a company is in. 2. Six key “building blocks” of organizational success. 3. The “size” of the enterprise. 4. The “environment” (markets, competition, and trends) in which the enterprise will exist.
Anatomy of Unsuccessful Transformations
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne
Published: November 2023

In Chapters 3 to 5, we examined a number of organizations that have made successful transformations, or are at least in that process with the promise of future success. Unfortunately, not all organizational transformations succeed. Many companies have tried to transform themselves and have failed, while others have experienced significant difficulties. We can learn a great deal from their experiences. In some instances, the concept or vision behind the intended transformation was good, but there were problems with the execution. In other cases, the vision itself was faulty.
Designing Organizational Structure
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne
Published: November 2023

This chapter builds on Chapter 8, which introduced some of the fundamentals of organization structure, and discusses the steps a firm needs to take in designing a structure to support a successful transformation. The chapter also includes a comprehensive example of how one company used this process to change its structure and, in turn, its game.
Changing the Game
Authors: Flamholtz Eric G , Randle Yvonne
Published: November 2023

This chapter steps back from the details of the various examples of transformations we have presented to revisit the big picture of key lessons for managing the transformation process. The chapter also focuses on the roles that senior executives, CEOs, boards of directors, and consultants play in managing the process of organizational transformations of the three kinds described throughout this book.
Virginity And Enclosure
Authors: Hills Helen
Published: November 2023

The maintenance, protection, and celebration of virginity were central to the conventual economy of perfection. Virginity required certain provisions even as it bestowed spiritual and social blessings. The conventual task was to safeguard and honor virginity to allow virgins to dedicate themselves to God. Virginity and its blessings were not, however, as straightforward as they might appear at first glance. Man and woman’s original innocence is fundamental to the monastic economy of perfection; indeed, the vein of speculation of Christian gnostics over the status of sexuality in Eden is ultimately the source of the ideal of virginity in later Western monasticism. To understand virginity, one must start at the Beginning, since the notion of virginity crucially refers to the perfection of creation and the innocent life of humankind in Eden. The patristics and important commentators on the Fall as recounted in Genesis held that prelapsarian humans were created virginal like the angels, that sin does not constitute human’s first ontological status, and that sexuality is a direct result of their sin: “sin does not define what it is to be a man; beyond his becoming a sinner there is his being created.” There were, of course, disagreements among the Church Fathers over the nature of sexuality in Paradise. However, they shared the quondam aspect of an understanding of virginity: the Fall is associated with an original transgression of a distinctly sexual nature.
The Spectroscopic Detection of Surface Species
Authors: Sposito Garrison
Published: November 2023

Surface complexation models have been applied successfully to soil colloids to bring matters full circle; but, like their predecessors, they rely solely on prior molecular concepts and are tested only by goodness-of-fit to adsorption data. Since the model assumptions are so different and the models so plausible, one is left to wonder what physical truth they bear. One fears that the fog will lift only to reveal a Tower of Babel. It is inevitable that methodologies not equipped to explore molecular structure will produce ambiguous results in the study of surface speciation. The method of choice for investigating molecular structures is spectroscopy. Surface spectroscopy, both optical and magnetic, is the way to investigate surface species, and thus to verify directly the molecular assumptions in surface speciation models.
Encounters with God
Authors: McClymond Michael J
Published: November 2023

This book offers a broad-based study of Jonathan Edwards as a religious thinker. Much attention has been given to Edwards in relation to his Puritan and Calvinist forebears. McClymond, however, examines Edwards in relation to his eighteenth-century intellectual context. In each of six chapters, he contextualizes and interprets some text or issue in Edwards within the emergent post-Lockean, post-Newtonian culture of the English-speaking world of the 1700s. Among the topics considered are spiritual perception, metaphysics, contemplation, ethics and morality, and apologetics.
Judaism and Human Rights
Authors: Goodman Lenn E
Published: November 2023

It is widely supposed that human rights are a modern invention, and if rights are defined narrowly enough, I’m sure that illusion can be preserved. Ancient societies, after all, held slaves, regulated prices, persecuted religious nonconformists, subordinated women, criminalized sexual deviance, and typically espoused norms that set the interests of the community ahead of individual needs. Medieval societies were somehow worse. They burned witches -who were, we are assured, simply early feminists - organized religious crusades and holy wars, and locked up some of their brightest people in monastic orders, where they could not pass on a fair share of their genes. It would be an arduous task to sift truth from propaganda in such seasoned charges, but I think we can recognize that just as excesses were perpetrated in the name of liberty during the Enlightenment, so were there conceptual and normative advances in behalf of liberty in the Middle Ages.
Cosmology and Creation
Authors: Brockelman Paul
Published: November 2023

Many people have observed that the “new cosmology” seems to have an affinity to, or at least room for, a religious understanding of reality. Why is this so, and what does it mean for contemporary spirituality? In this book Paul Brockleman argues that the new scientific cosmology also functions as a religious creation story, or “cosmogony”. Traditional creation mythologies, he says, are stories which make available to a particular culture a vision of an ultimately meaningful sacred reality; they show precisely how all of creation (including ourselves) emerges from and is situated within that reality. This understanding can provide the basis for a comprehensive guide to living. Although quite different from earlier creation myths, says Brockleman, the new cosmology is indeed an evolutionary story spanning over twelve to fifteen billion years. This evolutionary story directly parallels the nature, characteristics, and stages involved in the traditional stories: It is an all-inclusive and deep vision of all creation which, like the earlier myths, reveals both a sense of what reality is all about and what the human role and destiny is within it. It stirs feelings of reverence and wonder as well as a sense of gratitude that we are part of the cosmic drama. And it teaches us to be more humble in the face of such an immense reality. Whether and how it is possible to recover a living sense of ultimate Mystery in view of the alleged demystification of the universe by modern science is the great challenge to religion in our time. Paul Brockleman shows that a profound sense of wonder and awe is inseparable from our new understanding of our universe - of its great age, its immensity, and its astonishing complexity. He concludes that this understanding can and will lead to actual transformation in people’s lives - changes not only in how they see life, but how they live out their lives in the light of that vision.
Jonathan Edwards and the Limits of Enlightenment Philosophy
Authors: Chai Leon
Published: November 2023

Jonathan Edwards has most often been considered in the context of the Puritanism of New England. In many ways, however, he was closer to the thinkers of the European Enlightenment. In this book. Leon Chai explores that connection, analysing Edwards’s thought in light of a number of the issues that preoccupied such Enlightenment figures as Locke, Descartes, Malebranche, and Leibniz. The book comprises three parts, each of which begins with a detailed analysis of a crucial passage from a classic Enlightenment text, and then turns to a major theological work of Jonathan Edwards in which the same issue is explored.
Advice to the Bride and Groom Plutarch Gives a Detailed Account of His Views on Marriage
Authors: Goessler Lisette
Published: November 2023

[44] Plutarch’s Advice to the Bride and Groom1 is addressed to his pupils Pollianus and Eurydice.2 It is both a wedding present for the young couple and a wedding speech, full of advice on how to achieve a happy life together. Plutarch wants to remind the couple of the most important things they have learned while studying with him, and he presents this advice in the form of forty-eight brief”comparisons,” homoidtetes. He begins by explaining, like a kindly teacher, that he has chosen this form so that the main points will be easier to remember, because they are brief and graphic: “I have put together in the form of some brief similitudes, so that they are the more easily remembered, the main points (kephalaia) of the teaching you have often heard in the course of your education in philosophy. These I send as a gift to you both” (Preface, 138C).
Images of Childhood The Evidence of Plutarch
Authors: Bradley Keith
Published: November 2023

The superstitious man ... treats everything as a blow from god or an assault of some daemonic power. It does not matter what it is: illness, financial loss, the death of a child, ill-luck or failure in politics. In the catalog of misfortunes that Plutarch can anticipate befalling his superstitious man (Superstition 6), the death of a child is the only one that might strike the modern western reader as possibly odd. Becoming sick, losing money, failing in public life (for those who choose such a career)-these are eventualities that may overtake anyone and comprise just a few of the many risks of ordinary daily life. As far as mortality is concerned, however, people today generally expect to die in generational sequence, so that the death of a child is not an easily predictable event. Most people have their first experience of death as children or young adults when their grandparents die. They then expect in midlife to lose their parents; and when they reach an advanced age and anticipate their own demise most people expect to have children, and often grandchildren, to survive them. Tragedies of course sometimes intervene to disrupt expectations: there is still the fatal illness or accident or crime that takes a child away prematurely. But that is precisely my point: when a child dies the event is tragic because of its abnormality.
In Time
Authors: Pickover Clifford A
Published: November 2023

In Time: A Traveler's Guide, Clifford A. Pickover strives to answer the most challenging questions scientists and philosophers ask. What is time? Is time travel possible? Is time real? Does it flow in one direction only? Does it have a beginning or an end? What is eternity? For centuries, these questions have intrigued mystics, philosophers, and scientists. Today physicists would agree that time is one of the strangest properties of our universe. This book allows readers to travel through time and space, and they needn't be experts in physics. By the time readers finish this book they will understand such seemingly arcane concepts as space-time diagrams, light cones, time machines, cosmic moment lines, transcendent infinite speeds, Lorentz transformations, causal linkages, superliminal and ultraliminal motions, Minkowskian space-times, Gödel universes, closed timelike curves, and Tipler cylinders. This book is a resource for science fiction writers and readers, a playground for computer hobbyists, an adventure and education for beginning students in physics or philosophy.
Marriage as a Social Institution
Authors: Nock Steven L
Published: November 2023

A marriage is much more than the sum of two spouses. It is also a relationship defined by legal, moral, and conventional assumptions. While one can imagine a variety of close personal affiliations uniting two adults, the variety of marriage affiliations is much narrower because marriage is an institution, culturally patterned and integrated into other basic social institutions, such as education, the economy, and politics. Marriage has rules that originate outside any particular union of two spouses and that establish soft boundaries around the relationship that influence the partners in many ways. The boundaries around marriages are the commonly understood allowable limits of behavior that distinguish marriage from all other kinds of relationships. The social norms that define the institution of marriage identify married spouses in ways that distinguish them from others. Married couples have something that other couples lack: they are heirs to a vast system of understood principles that help organize and sustain their lives.
The New Normative Marriage–Is It Good for Men?
Authors: Nock Steven L
Published: November 2023

By binding himself to the social institution of marriage, a man builds and sustains himself in predictable ways. Marriage changes men by improving their accomplishments. Marriage in Men’s Lives shows that the soft boundaries surrounding private married life provide a template for activities in public life as well. Married men are more involved than unmarried men in the impersonal and rational world of work, where the rewards are public and measured in dollars or prestige. There are clear models, or standards, to follow in such pursuits, and success (or failure) is easily recognized. Married men alter their personal communities by shifting allegiance from informal or personal friendships to relationships in patterned and normative roles, where performance is easily judged by conformity to accepted principles. And married men change their model of help and assistance to conform with expectations about socially accepted standards of responsibility and obligations, especially to relatives. In these ways, and perhaps many others, marriage structures men’s lives around standards and rules that are known and appreciated in our society.