bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Severity of Multiple Sclerosis and Fear of Falling Mediated by Cognitive and Physical Factors
Authors: Kohestani Atena , Sadati Seyedeh Zahra , Abolghasemi Shahnam
Published: October 2023

Background & Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are exposed to various health threats, including fear of falling (FOF), which restricts their daily life activities and cause isolationism and lower social participation. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of MS and FOF through the mediating role of cognitive and physical factors in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: This was a correlational study based on path analysis. The statistical population consisted of all patients with MS who visited the neurology centers of hospitals in Sari, Iran, 200 of whom were selected as the sample using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), MS Severity Scale, Cognitive Factors Questionnaire, and the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: The results indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between FOF and cognitive and physical factors and also a positive and significant relationship between FOF and the severity of MS (P<0.01). In addition, the results corroborated the negative and significant relationship between the severity of MS and physical factors (P<0.01). However, the direct relationship between the severity of MS and cognitive factors were excluded from the model because it was not established. The study findings confirmed the relationship between FOF and the severity of MS mediated by cognitive and physical factors (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results FOF was found to be much higher among patients with higher MS severity. The severity of MS had a positive relationship with FOF in the patients. Moreover, cognitive and physical factors had a mediating role in the relationship between the severity of MS and FOF.
Relationship between Job Stress and Burnout of Psychiatric Nurses: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital
Authors: Kazemi Nava Hedyeh , Shojaei Fatemeh , Parsa Moghadam Zeinab , Kavoli Haghighi Narges , Goudarzi Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

Background & Aims: Psychiatric nurses are critical in caring for patients with mental health problems and many challenging problems. They are also likely to be tired because they have been in risky and stressful conditions for a long time. Thus, it is necessary to control job stress and burnout. This study examined the mediating influence of psychological capital in the relationship between job stress and burnout of psychiatric nurses. Materials and Methods: The research method was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population comprised all psychiatric nurses working in three psychiatric hospitals in Tehran, Iran from 10 August to 15 September 2022. The study selected 170 psychiatric nurses working as samples through convenience sampling. The research tools were Job Stress Questionnaire of Nurses, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). After completing the questionnaires, Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression by IBM SPSS 24.0 program. Results: The findings show a significant correlation between job stress, psychological capital, and burnout. The path coefficient of the direct effect of job stress on job burnout is significant (β=0.524, P<0.001). The path coefficient of the direct effect of psychological capital on job burnout is significant (β=0.551, P<0.05). The bootstrap result for this model was 0.49. The confidence interval’s lower and upper limits were calculated as 0.41 and 0.58, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that psychiatric nurses’ burnout can be decreased by implementing different healthcare programs to increase psychological capital. In general, according to the results of this research, it is suggested that the phenomena of occupational stress and burnout among nurses should be taken seriously. These variables can have destructive effects on the quality of nurses’ therapeutic performance. One of the suggestions that can be made is holding psychological workshops to improve self-efficacy, optimism, hope, flexibility and psychological capital among nurses in general.
Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO): A Promising Molecular Target for Image-Guided Surgery of Solid Cancers
Authors: Wongso Hendris , Kurniawan Ahmad , Setiadi Yanuar , Kusumaningrum Crhisterra E. , Widyasari Eva M. , Wibawa Teguh H.A. , Mahendra Isa , Febrian Muhamad B. , Sriyani Maula E. , Halimah Iim , Daruwati Isti , Gunawan Rudi , Achmad Arifudin , Nugraha Dwianto H. , Lesmana Ronny , Nugraha Ari S.
Published: October 2023

Translocator protein 18-kDa, broadly known as TSPO, is a mitochondrial membrane protein, previously identified as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). TSPO involves in a broad number of biochemical events, such as steroidogenesis, mitochondrial cholesterol transport, cell survival and death, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several investigations have reported the roles of TSPO in various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. It was found that TSPO is upregulated in cancer cells, and it appears that its expression is parallel with an aggressive phenotype and/or poor prognosis. As a consequence, there is great potential for developing diagnostic and prognostic tools targeting the TSPO. In this regard, several radioligands targeting the TSPO have been identified, and some of the candidates have advanced to clinical trials. In recent years, image-guided surgery using hybrid probes bearing radioactive and fluorescence molecules has demonstrated promising outcomes in animal and human studies, and thus might serve as a valuable surgical navigator during cancer surgery. In general, current hybrid probes are built from various molecular platforms, including small molecules, nanoparticles, and antibodies. Although several TSPO-targeted imaging probes have been developed, their development for image-guided surgery of cancers is scarce. This review highlights recent findings of the involvement of TSPO in carcinogenesis, and provides a new perspective on the potential application of TSPO-targeted hybrid probes for image-guided surgery.
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Focused Review of the Physical Methods of Permeation Enhancement
Authors: Vaseem Rifath Sheikh , D’cruz Alison , Shetty Srishti , - Hafsa , Vardhan Aditya , R Shreya Shenoy , Marques Shirleen Miriam , Kumar Lalit , Verma Ruchi
Published: October 2023

The skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a site of administration for various medications. Transdermal drug delivery systems have several advantages over traditional delivery systems. It has both local and systemic therapeutic properties. Controlled plasma drug levels, reduced dosing frequency, and avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism are just a few of these systems' advantages. To achieve maximum efficacy, it is critical to understand the kinetics, physiochemical properties of the drug moiety, and drug transport route. This manuscript focused on the principles of various physical means to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. Some examples are iontophoresis, electrophoresis, photomechanical waves, ultrasound, needleless injections, and microneedles. Mechanical, chemical, magnetic, and electrical energy are all used in physical methods. A major advantage of physical methods is their capability to abbreviate pain, which can be used for effective disease management. Further investigation should be carried out at the clinical level to understand these methods for effective drug delivery.
Feasibility of Using Economic Evaluation Evidence in Pharmaceutical Sector of the Iranian Health System: A Stakeholder Perspective
Authors: Aliyari Abolfazl , Vahdat Shaghayegh , Mahfoozpour Soad , Moshiri Tabrizi Hossein
Published: October 2023

Background. Economic evaluation evidence can improve policies and decision-making processes in medicine and health system, prevent wastage of resources caused by trial and error, and facilitate the patients' access to medications. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the feasibility of using economic evaluation evidence in the Iranian pharmaceutical sector. Methods. In this qualitative study, 29 stakeholders selected by purposeful sampling were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The statistical population consisted of 29 experts in the fields of pharmacology, management, policymaking, and health economics. The inclusion criteria for participants included being employed in decision-making fields, having a minimum of a master's degree, as well as possessing sufficient and comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter. The interviews were analyzed adopting content analysis method, and the data were coded using the MAXQDA 11 software. Results. In order to identify the obstacles and facilitators of the application of economic evaluation evidence in medicine and health system, the study findings were extracted from three main sections (i.e., characteristics of production and extraction of evidence and information, mechanisms and requirements of using evidence, opportunities and benefits of using evidence) and 11 sub-sections of the identification. Conclusion. In sum, implementing all identified facilitators and mechanisms needed to establish a robust foundation was found extremely important for correcting an economic evaluation and evidence-based management. Removing the obstacles to an evidence-based management was also found crucial for creating an enabling environment required to implement the evidence-based practices effectively and for facilitating the production and utilization of evidence sources.
Coexistence of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor and Frontal Convexity Meningioma at Distinct Location – A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Singh Shalendra , Kumaraguru Aarthy , Kumar Ankit , Sood Munish
Published: October 2023

The perioperative management of brain tumors can be significantly impacted by the presence of another intracranial tumor at a distinct location. We report a rare case of an adult who developed two primary brain tumors, a frontal convexity meningioma and a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor at anatomically disparate locations. In our patient, it was unambiguously decided to address the CPA tumor first as it had led to multiple cranial nerve palsies and obstructive hydrocephalus. The relevant literature helped us better extrapolate the patient presentation and management of this disastrous presentation swiftly.
Unexpected Outcomes for Headache Under Evaluation; A Case Series of Four Cases
Authors: Das Uddalok , Dey Debasish
Published: October 2023

Headache is a common cause of hospital visits and admissions throughout the world. Headaches may be primary or secondary; the primary one being far more common. Although the primary cases by far outnumber the secondary cases the role of the physician is to separate the benign causes from the more sinister ones. Using clinical examination and history alone this can often be a mountain-moving task. However, radiology can help as a problem-solving tool in equivocal cases. This case series highlights the role of radiological imaging in four cases of chronic headaches that were being treated empirically as primary headaches for a long time before neuroimaging revealed a secondary cause.
Factors Associated With Emergency Department Visits Among Patients Receiving Publicly-funded Homecare Services: A Retrospective Chart Review From Southern Taiwan Regional Hospital
Authors: Chiu Wen-Yi , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Yang Chia-Chi
Published: October 2023

Background: The public health strategy of increasing access to comprehensive home or community-based healthcare services and emergency home visits is intent on reducing the overcrowding of emergency departments. However, scientific evidence regarding the association between home-based healthcare services and emergency department uses is surprisingly insufficient and controversial so far. The present retrospective study identified the risk factors for emergency department visits among patients receiving publicly-funded homecare services. Methods: The personal demographic and medical information, caregiver characteristics, and behaviours related to homecare services and emergency department visits from the medical records and structured questionnaires of 108 patients who were recipients of integrated homecare services in a regional hospital in southern Taiwan between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, were collected. After screening the potential predictor variables using the preliminary univariate analyses, the multivariate logistic regression with best subset selection approach was conducted to identify best combination of determinants to predict unplanned emergency department utilizations. Results: Best subset selection regression analysis showed Charlson Comorbidity Index (odds ratio (OR)=1.33, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.70), male caregiver (OR=0.18, 95% CI=0.05 to 0.66), duration of introducing homecare services (OR=0.97, 95% CI=0.95 to 1.00), working experience of dedicated nurses (OR=0.89, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.99) and number of emergency department utilizations within previous past year before enrollment (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.14 to 2.10) as significant determinants for unplanned emergency department visits. Conclusions: The present evidence may help government agencies propose supportive policies to improve access to integrated homecare resources and promote appropriate care recommendations to reduce unplanned or nonurgent emergency department visits among patients receiving homecare services.
Health System Considerations for Community-Based Implementation of Automated Respiratory Counters to Identify Childhood Pneumonia in 5 Regions of Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rawat Angeli , Ameha Agazi , Karlström Jonas , Taddesse Lisanu , Negeri Elias Legesse , Detjen Anne , Gandrup-Marino Kristoffer , Mataruse Noah , Källander Karin , Tariku Abraham
Published: October 2023

Background: In Ethiopia, childhood pneumonia is diagnosed in primary health care settings by measuring respiratory rate (RR) along with the presence of cough, chest indrawing, difficulty breathing, and fast breathing. Our aim was to identify health system-level lessons from implementing two automated RR counters, Children’s Automated Respiration Monitor (ChARM) by Phillips® and Rad-G by Masimo®, to provide considerations for integrating such devices into child health programmes and health systems. This study was part of an initiative called the Acute Respiratory Infection Diagnostic Aids (ARIDA). Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with 57 participants (health workers in communities and facilities, trainers of health workers, and district management and key decision makers) in five regions of Ethiopia. Data were analyzed in ATLAS.ti using thematic content analysis and themes were categorized using the Tanahashi bottleneck analysis. Results: All participants recommended scaling up the ARIDA initiative nationally as part of integrated management of newborn and childhood illness in Primary Health Care. Health workers perceived the devices as: time saving, acceptable by parents and children, and facilitating diagnosis and referrals. Health workers perceived an increased demand for services and reduced numbers of sick children not seeking care. Participants recommended increasing the number of devices distributed and health workers trained. Strengthening drug supply chains, improving oxygen gas availability, and strengthening referral networks would maximize perceived benefits. While training improved knowledge, more supportive supervision, integration with current guidelines and more guidance related to community engagement. Conclusion: Automatic respiratory rate counters for the decentralized diagnosis of childhood pneumonia could have positive impact on improving the quality of diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children. However, the study has shown that a health system approach is required to ensure all steps along the pneumonia pathway are adequate, including drug and oxygen supply, community engagement, health worker training and support, and referral pathways.
Adaptive Mechanisms of Health Zones to Chronic Traumatics Events in Eastern DRC: A Mul-tiple Case Study
Authors: Lwamushi Samuel Makali , karemere Hermès , Banywesize Robert , Eboma Christian Molima , Mwene-Batu Pacifique , Lembebu Corneille , Ferrari Giovanfrancesco , Paul Elisabeth , Balaluka Ghislain Bisimwa , Donnen Philippe
Published: October 2023

Background: The Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been affected by armed conflict for several years. Despite the growing interest in the impact of these conflicts on health service utilisation, few studies have addressed the coping mechanisms of the health system. The purpose of this study is to describe the traumatic events and coping mechanisms used by the health zones (HZs) in conflict settings to maintain good performance. Methods: This multiple case study took place from July to October 2022 in four HZs in the South Kivu Province of DRC. HZs were classified into "cases" according to their conflict profile: accessible and stable (Case 1), accessible but remote (Case 2), unstable (Case 3), and intermediate (Case 4). Eight performance indicators and the amount of funding provided to the HZs by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were recorded. A graph was created to compare their evolution from 2013 to 2018. A thematic analysis of qualitative data from individual interviews with selected health workers was conducted. Results: Both battle-related events (war and its effects) and non-battle-related events (epidemics, disasters, strikes) were recorded according to the case conflict-profile. Although the cases (3 and 4) most affected by armed conflicts occasionally performed better than the stable ones (1 and 2), their operational action plan was poorly carried out. The coping mechanisms developed in cases 3 and 4 were the deployment of military nurses in preventive and supervisory activities, the solicitations of subsidies from NGOs, the relocation of health care facilities and the implementation of negotiation strategies with the belligerents. Conclusion: Armed conflict results in traumatic events that disrupt the execution of the operational action plan of HZs. The HZs’ management team expertise, its strong leadership, and substantial financial support would enable this system to develop reliable and sustainable adaptive mechanisms.
Health-Promoting Lifestyle among the Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: An Integrative Review
Authors: Ramezanzade Tabriz Elahe , Ramezani Monir , Heydari Abbas , Aledavood Seyed Amir
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) among the survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential to reduce CRC complications, prevent its recurrence, and improve survival. Nonetheless, there is no comprehensive definition for the concept of HPL in CRC survivors. This study aimed to define the concept of HPL among CRC survivors based on the existing literature. Methods: This integrative review was conducted in 2021 using Whittemore and Knafl’s method. The national and international databases of SID, Magiran, ProQuest, Medline, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and the data were analyzed using the four-step approach proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. Results: After data evaluation, 167 documents were included in final analysis. In total, 1863 codes were generated and categorized into eighteen main categories and the three main themes of antecedents, attributes, and consequences. Accordingly, HPL among CRC survivors was defined as "a set of behaviors in the areas of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, psychological management, and interpersonal relations which are affected by socio-demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, psychological status, physical conditions, time and place limitations, and patient education, and lead to better disease prognosis, better general health status, better bio-psycho-social status, and better quality of life". Conclusion: The definition of HPL among CRC survivors provided in the present study can be used in counseling, educational, supportive, and care programs for CRC survivors in order to improve their quality of life and survival.
Relationship between Nurses Reflection, Self-efficacy and Work Engagement: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Zarrin Leila , Ghafourifard Mansour , Sheikhalipour Zahra
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Reflection is considered an essential element in nurses’ practice with different positive outcomes, we decided to determine the level of nurses’ reflection and then assess the relationship between nurses’ reflection with their self-efficacy and work engagement. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 240 nurses were selected from seven educational hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of medical sciences (Iran). The stratified random sampling method was used to select the participants from hospitals. Data were collected through three questionnaires including Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS), Sherer’s General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSES), and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13. Results: According to the results, the mean (SD) score of nurses’ reflection was calculated as 86.51 (8.17) out of 115. The mean (SD) score of nurses’ self-efficacy was 60.89 (11.11) out of 85. Moreover, the mean (SD) total score of nurses’ work engagement in a possible range of 0 to 6 was 3.39 (1.36). There was a positive and significant relationship between the total reflection score with work engagement and self-efficacy scores. Conclusion: According to the results, nurses working in different units showed different scores of reflection. Moreover, the results of the present study showed that nurses’ reflection is associated with nurses’ work engagement and self-efficacy. Therefore, nurse managers and nurse educators should improve nurses’ skills in reflection and they should support the reflective practice in clinical settings.
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: A midterm experience of a rare entity at a tertiary care center
Authors: Bhushan Rahul , Mallik Manish , Potey Ketika , Grover Vijay , Aiyer Palash , Jhajhria Narender S.
Published: October 2023

ALCAPA is a rare congenital heart disease. Presentation varies from asymptomatic to progressive heart failure and death. Surgical repair is indicated in all patients with a goal of restoring two coronary systems. Data was analysed in regard to presenting features, echocardiographic findings, various surgical approaches used and immediate, early and midterm post-operative results. Most common presentation was growth failure and seen in 6 patients. One patient was taken for elective PDA ligation and diagnosis of ALCAPA was made on table after PDA ligation as patient crashed subsequently. Aortocoronary button transfer was most commonly used surgical technique while 2 patients needed interposition grafting. LV function improved in 5 out of 8 patients with regression of MR. A median improvement of 5+-2% was observed in ejection fraction of 5 patients. Early surgery with aortocoronary transfer offers good results with gradual improvement in LV dysfunction and mitral regurgitation.
Effectiveness of the oral Clonidine as a pre-anesthetic medicine for thyroidectomy surgery; A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zahedi Sepideh Sadat , Naghipour Bahman , Zahedi Surur , Zahedi Sahar , Rasihashemi Seyed Ziaeddin
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Hemodynamic disturbance is a common problem in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. It may be due to episodic increases in thyroid hormones (thyroid storm) or stimulation of the carotid sinus baroreflex. The aim of the present study was to investigate effectiveness of the pre-operative oral Clonidine on reducing these hemodynamic changes during total thyroidectomy surgery. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 80 patients scheduled for elective total thyroidectomy were randomized to receive either 0.2 mg Clonidine (n=40) or a matched placebo (n=40) orally sixty minutes before entering the operating room. Hemodynamic variables, the duration of surgery, estimated amount of blood loss and the dose of administered remifentanil were recorded for further analysis. Results: Oral Clonidine was found to be significantly better in maintaining stable hemodynamics compared to the control group. Also, In the Clonidine group, the estimated amount of blood loss (110.4±10 ml vs. 182.2±11.4 mL, P=0.04), duration of the surgery (78.26±55.2 min vs. 105.16±61.75 min, P=0.027) and administered dose of remifentanil (26.67±6.6 μg vs. 216.2±14.8 μg, P=0.01) were also significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Pre-operative administration of 0.2 mg oral Clonidine in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy results in improved perioperative hemodynamic stability and reduced response to perioperative stress.
Polymorphism of rs599839 in the PSRC1 gene is associated with coronary artery disease in an Iranian population
Authors: Houshmand Golnaz , Alemzadeh-Ansari Mohammad Javad , Mazloumzadeh Saeideh , Naderi Niloofar , Pourirahim Maryam , Heshmatzad Katayoun , Maleki Majid , Kalayinia Samira
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading health complication worldwide because of its high prevalence and mortality. The association between CAD susceptibility and the rs599839 (C/T) polymorphism in the human proline and serine-rich coiled-coil (PSRC1) was reported in a genome-wide association study. To validate this association, we performed this case-control study to genotype the 1p13.3 (rs599839) locus in a sample of the Iranian population with CAD (stenosis≥70% in≥1 coronary artery). Methods: We performed an association analysis with PCR and Sanger sequencing of rs599839 (C/T) polymorphism and CAD risk in 280 CAD patients and 287 healthy controls defined as a coronary calcium score of zero and no noncalcified plaques in coronary computed tomography angiography. SPSS, version 16.0, was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The rs599839 (C/T) locus showed a significant association with CAD (P value<0.001). TT and CT genotypes were associated with CAD (P value<0.001). Furthermore, the dominant status (TT+CT vs. CC) was associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR, 9.14; 95% CI, 3.77 to 22.15; and P value<0.001). Conclusion: The study findings indicate strong evidence for rs599839 (C/T) association with CAD risk.
Distinguishing ‘dual’ from ‘duplicated’ right coronary artery: Revisiting the nomenclature
Authors: Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Mukherjee Aprateem , Naik Nitish , Jagia Priya
Published: October 2023

We report a case of a 53-year-old man with a "short RCA" seen coursing within the proximal part of the right atrioventricular (AV) groove and terminating in the mid-portion of the right AV groove and a "long RCA" seen to have a proximal course outside the right AV groove, over the free wall of the right ventricle, where it gave rise to the right ventricular and acute marginal branches before returning to the right AV groove in its distal course. The discussion highlights the need for revisiting the nomenclature of "dual RCA and drawing a distinction between "dual" and "duplicated" RCA.
Association of NFKB1 gene polymorphism (rs28362491) with cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography
Authors: Darabi Zahra , Jambarsang Sara , Vahidi Mehrjardi Mohammad Yahya , Seyed Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Sarebanhassanabadi Mohammadtaghi , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh , Beigrezaei Sara , Ahmadi Vasmehjani Azam , Taftian Marzieh , Arabi Vahid , Motallaei Maryam , Golvardi Yazdi Faezeh , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of the study was to investigate between the genotype of the NFKB1 gene and the cardiometabolic risk factor in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 462 adults (male and women) aged between 35 and 75 years who referred to Afshar Hospital for coronary angiography in 2021- 2022. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect the genotype of rs28362491. Biochemical parameters were measured using commercial kits. Gensini and Syntax scores were calculated using the angiography result to assess the extent of coronary artery stenosis. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between genotype variants and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: There was no association between variant genotypes and abnormally levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P value=0.51), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P value=0.99), triglyceride (TG) (P value=0.48), total cholesterol (P value=0.79), low density lipoprotein-cholestero (LDL-C) (P value=0.31), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P value=0.53), fast blood sugar (FBS) (P value=0.39), systolic blood pressure (P value=0.14), diastolic blood pressure (P value=0.64), Gensini score (P value=0.48) and syntax score (P value=0.74) in the crude model even after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion: We found no association between the ATTG polymorphism and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients who had coronary angiography. Further investigations are needed to assess the association between variants of 28362491 and cardiometabolic markers.
Different Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Proliferation of HT29 Cells in Culture and Xenograft Models
Authors: Malekzadeh Gonabadi Najmeh , Shamsara Mehdi , Kordi Tamandani Dor Mohammad , Shojaei Sahar , Alavi Seyed Mehdi
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Different kinds of treatments have been developed to fight cancers. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), is a low-power monochromatic and coherent light that has been used successfully for healing injuries and combating malignancies. However, there are concerns about the application of LLLT to cancers due to the increased proliferation of some cancer cells after LLLT. Methods: This study investigated the effects of 650 nm and 870 nm lasers on the proliferation of HT29 colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results: The results showed that the laser with a wavelength of 870 nm did not meaningfully alter the proliferation of cultured cells. However, cell proliferation was promoted when the laser was applied within a wavelength of 650 nm. Treatment of HT29-derived tumors in nude mice with the 650 nm laser resulted in the decline of the tumor progression rate compared to controls. This result was inconsistent with the proliferative effects of the laser on the cultured cells. Conclusion: Cell behavior in response to LLLT might be different between cell culture and xenograft models.
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on the Pushout Bond Strength of Resin-Based and Calcium Silicate-Based Endodontic Sealers
Authors: Zadsirjan Saeede , Asnaashari Mohammad , Yazdani Atoosa , Heidari Soolmaz , Estarami Tina
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the pushout bond strength (PBS) of resin-based and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. Methods: Forty single-canal teeth were assigned to four groups. After root canal preparation by the crown-down technique and smear layer removal, groups 1 and 2 served as the control group, and groups 3 and 4 underwent PDT by using a low-level diode laser as the light source and methylene blue as the photosensitizer (MB). The root canals in groups 1 and 3 were filled with AH26 sealer while the root canals in groups 2 and 4 were filled with Endoseal TCS. The samples were sectioned at 4, 8, and 12 mm from the apex tip (1mm thick slices). The PBS test was performed, and the mode of failure was determined in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn tests. Results: No significant difference was noted in the PBS of resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers in the apical, middle, or coronal thirds in the application of PDT (P>0.05). The PBS of AH26 was significantly higher than that of Endoseal TCS (P<0.05). Cohesive failure was the dominant mode of failure in the AH26 groups, while mixed failure was the dominant failure mode in the Endoseal TCS groups. Conclusion: PDT had no significant effect on the PBS of resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers.
Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy With Methylene Blue on Different Candida Species In Vitro
Authors: Khozeimeh Faezeh , Tavangar Atefeh , Razaghi Abyaneh Mehdi , Amini Milad , Ghayour Marzieh
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. The most common cause of this infection is Candida albicans. Considering the side effects of conventional antifungal therapies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue (a photosensitizer) in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei in vitro. Methods: In this experimental study, 200 samples of standard suspension (0.5 McFarland) were prepared from C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei (50 samples from each species). The samples of each species were divided into five groups (n=10), including photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, with or without laser irradiation, nystatin treatment, laser therapy, and control. Next, cultivation of samples was performed on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and the colony-forming units were determined after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Results: The most sensitive and resistant species to nystatin therapy were C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. On the other hand, C. krusei was the most sensitive species to photodynamic therapy, and C. glabrata was the most resistant type to this treatment. The highest therapeutic effectiveness was attributed to nystatin therapy, although photodynamic therapy was also effective. Laser therapy was recognized as the least effective method. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue, as a suitable adjunct therapy, can be effective in the management of candidiasis. It may also be a potential novel treatment for immunocompromised patients with oral candidiasis.
Therapeutic Effects of Low-Level Laser on Male Infertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eghbaldoost Amirreza , Salehi Mashhadsari Seyed Pooria , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Ghoreifi Alireza , Allameh Farzad
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of male infertility. Methods: We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, and the reference sections of relevant papers published from January 1, 2000 to September 23, 2022. We retrieved all publications related to the impact of PBM on male infertility. After reviewing the titles, abstracts, and full texts, we included fifteen papers in the research. The studies involved 477 semen samples (in vitro studies) and 70 male participants (randomized clinical trials). Results: All 14 in vitro studies that evaluated effectiveness reported that PBM was successful in increasing the proportion of progressive sperms in semen samples. Various methods were used to evaluate the safety. One study with a sample size of 58 concluded that PBM was not a safe treatment, whereas the other ten studies confirmed its safety. Only one clinical trial evaluated the effect of laser acupuncture on male infertility and found improvements in sperm progressive motility without any serious adverse effects. Conclusion: All 15 studies evaluating effectiveness reported that the low-level laser was effective for increasing the proportion of progressive sperm in semen samples and that it was safe to use. However, due to the heterogeneity of population characteristics, source characteristics, duration of exposure, sample size, and instruments for measuring safety and efficacy, we cannot conclude that the positive results obtained from the reviewed studies are solely attributable to the low-level laser on the sperm samples.
Analysis of the Temperature Elevation of the Dual-Wavelength Diode Laser and the Er, Cr: YSGG Laser in Oral Soft Tissue Incisions
Authors: Al-Ani Alaa Jamal , Al-Alawi Ammar Saleh , Taher Hanan Jafer
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Lasers are one of the most advantageous tools that have been used in a variety of medical fields. Soft tissue management is an important part of oral and maxillofacial surgery. There are different surgical procedures for management; one of them is laser surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the dual-wavelength diode laser and the Er, Cr: YSGG laser to choose the most effective laser for a soft tissue incision in oral and maxillofacial surgery regarding temperature elevation. Methods: A dual-wavelength diode laser (810 and 980 nm) with 1.5 W and 2.5 W power outputs and an Er, Cr: YSGG (2780 nm) with 2.5 W and 3.5 W power outputs were used to make 50 incisions in six freshly dissected sheep tongues. The temperature means were measured at initial, maximum temperatures, as well as the temperature rise (difference between initial and maximum), and all were compared between the groups of soft tissue. Results: The lowest mean temperature rise was observed with a 2.5 W Er, Cr: YSGG laser, and the highest mean temperature rise was observed with a 2.5 W diode laser, and all samples from the two lasers showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the temperature rise except the 1.5 W diode, which is higher but not statistically significantly different from the 3.5 W Er, Cr: YSGG laser (P=0.100). Conclusion: The power output of 2.5 W of an Er, Cr: YSGG laser produced low levels of temperature rise compared to a diode laser and produced surgical incisions with a lower probability of heat damage to surrounding tissues.
Capillary Hemangioma Managed With Laser Ablation: A Case Report
Authors: Warrier S Aravind , Muthukumaran Vaishnavi , Venkatramakrishnan Aparna , CV Divyambika , H Thamizhchelvan , Santhanakrishnan Muthukumar
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Hemangiomas are hamartomatous benign tumours of the vascular tissue, which are common among infants and adolescents and are found in the head and neck region. Oral hemangiomas are infrequently encountered in the palate. Baseline soft tissue imaging must be considered for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment approach. Case Report: A 68-year-old female presented with a painless growth in the roof of her mouth that gradually increased in its size. She was subjected to intraoral ultrasonography and was diagnosed with capillary hemangioma. In this instance, laser ablation was chosen as the preferred treatment due to the complications associated with the conventional surgery. Conclusion: This case report enlightens the systematic diagnostic approach and treatment plan.
The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Treatment of Hereditary Mitochondrial Diseases
Authors: Baskerville Richard , Krijgsveld Nykle , Esser Patrick , Jeffery Glen , Poulton Joanna
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Despite a wide variety of clinical presentations in hereditary Mitochondrial Diseases, muscle fatigue is a common theme and impairs a patient’s quality of life and ability to function. Current treatments are only supportive and include nutritional supplementation and physical therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using low-intensity, narrow spectrum light in the red/near infrared (NIR) range, from a low-level laser or light-emitting diode sources, enhances mitochondrial function in preclinical and clinical studies on a range of conditions. However, little research has been done on the effectiveness of photobiomodulation in hereditary mitochondrial disorders. Methods: We performed a scoping review of the evidence of the beneficial effects of photobiomodulation for treating the muscle-related symptoms of hereditary mitochondrial disease. Results: No studies regarding photobiomodulation in hereditary mitochondrial disease were identified. However, in other clinical conditions featuring acquired mitochondrial impairment, we identified studies that suggested improved function, although sample sizes were small in number and statistical power. Conclusion: There is emerging evidence of efficacy for PBMT for diseases involving acquired mitochondrial insufficiency. We identified no published research on PBMT in hereditary mitochondrial disease, but this review confirms a theoretical rationale for a positive effect and suggests further research.
Effect of Erbium:YAG Laser Recycling on Mechanical Characteristics of Retrieved Orthodontic Mini-screws
Authors: Yassaei Soghra , Aghili Hossien Agha , Behrouzirad Atie
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two recycling methods on the mechanical and surface characteristics of orthodontic mini-screws. Methods: Thirty-six retrieved mini-screws were randomly classified into two equal groups. In the first group (laser recycled group (LG)), the Er:YAG laser (2940 nm, 5.5 W, 275 mJ, perpendicular to the mini-screws at a distance of 7-10 mm, 25 s) was used to recycle mini-screws. In the second group (phosphoric acid and sodium hypochlorite recycled group (ASG)), the mini-screws were kept in 37% phosphoric acid gel (10 minutes) and then placed in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes. Eighteen new mini-screws were selected as the control group (CG). Maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum removal torque (MRT), and fracture torque (FT) of all mini-screws were measured. A sample from each group was examined for the surface changes of the mini-screw and tissue remnants under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The mean MIT was significantly higher in both LG and ASG groups than the CG (P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was shown between the LG and ASG groups. The mean values of MRT and FT showed no significant difference between the groups. The amount of tissue remnants in the ASG group was significantly higher than that in the LG group. The evidence of porosity and corrosion was observed on the ASG mini-screw surface, and there was an increase in roughness on the LG mini-screw surface. Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser recycling of mini-screws is a proper method causing minimum damage to the screw surface.
A comparative study of anterior versus posterior circulation cerebral infarctions: Clinical outcomes
Authors: Hashemilar Mazyar , Manouchehri Simin , Farhoudi Mehdi , Seyedi-Sahebari Sepideh
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Due to the lack of comprehensive study about the differences between posterior circulation infarction (PCI) and anterior circulation infarction (ACI), this study is performed to determine the clinical consequences of PCI and ACI. Methods: The required information was retrieved from the Tabriz Stroke Registry. Modified Rankin Score (mRS), National Institutes of Health’s Stroke Scale/Score (NIHSS) for severity, and Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification for types of ischemic stroke as well as the data regarding the risk factors were considered. Results: 701 eligible patients were included in this study, of which 524 (74.75%) were patients with ACI stroke and 177 (25.24%) with PCI stroke. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age (P=0.724), sex (P=0.559), and pre-stroke mRS (P=0.279). Cardioembolism (CE), undetermined etiology (ESUS), and large arterial stroke (LAA) showed higher incidence in ACI patients, where lacunar type was more prevalent in PCI patients (P=0.01). Hospital NIHSS were significantly different between ACI and PCI groups (P=0.001). Also, regarding the discharged NIHSS patients, there was a significant difference between the groups (P=0.023). Moderate stroke was prominent in both groups in hospitalized (PCI: 57.6% and ACI: 48.9%) and discharged NIHSS patients (PCI: 38.4% and ACI: 42.4%). Conclusion: ACI is about 3-times more prevalent than PCI. There is no relation between the incidence of ACI or PCI and the stroke risk factors. Three months’ mortality did not significantly differ between PCI and ACI.
The effect of long-term strength training on serum levels of betatrophin and irisin in elderly men with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tahramuzi Mirabdullah , Seifi-Skishahr Farnaz , Afroundeh Roghayyeh , Katebi Leila , Farzi zadeh Reza
Published: October 2023

Background. The irisin and betatrophin hormones are involved in insulin resistance. Considering the muscle weakness of elderly diabetics, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 21 weeks of strength training on betatrophin and irisin serum levels in type 2 diabetic elderly men. Methods. This semi-experimental study was conducted on type 2 diabetic men with an average age of 70.85±2.90 years. The strength training protocol was performed twice a week for 21 weeks. The exercises consisted of three stages: 1- muscle endurance, 2- muscle hypertrophy, and 3- maximum strength training. Fasting blood glucose levels and serum levels of insulin, betatrophin, and irisin were measured in two phases before and after the exercises. Results. The serum levels of insulin, irisin, and betatrophin in the diabetes control group were lower than in the healthy group (P<0.05) and 21 weeks of strength training increased the serum levels of insulin, irisin, and betatrophin, and decreased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in elderly diabetic men compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion. Strength training improved metabolic disorders in diabetics and increased secretion of irisin and betatrophin following exercise which indicated that exercise may have a protective mechanism in diabetes. Practical Implications. Stationary movements by performing strength activities, through the development of skeletal muscles of diabetics, improve insulin sensitivity and harvest more glucose in the body. In addition, these exercises can be a protective mechanism to prevent or delay the complications of type 2 diabetes by increasing irisin and betatrophin levels.