bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING ACTIVITY OF BENZYLIC ETHERS OF 2‐DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL AND A RELATED DIAMINE
Authors: EL‐ANTABLY S. M. , SOINE T. O. , SHAATH N. A. , GUPTA P. K.
Published: March 2016

Während die Verbindung (I) eine stark blutdrucksenkende Wirkung aufweist, besitzer die strukturell ähnlich aufgebauten Benzyläther (II) und (III) sowie das Diamin (IV) eine geringere Wirksamkeit.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE OF 1‐ALKOXY‐3,6‐DIMETHYL‐5‐NITRO‐4(1H)‐PYRIDAZINONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: KAMIYA S. , TANNO M.
Published: March 2016

Das aus dem Pyridazin‐1‐oxid (I) über (II) und (III) darstellbare Derivat (IV) gibt mit konz. Salpetersäure in konz. Schwefelsäure das 5‐Nitro‐Derivat (V), das sich mit Methyljodid oder Benzyljodid in Gegenwart von Silberoxid zu (VI) alkylieren läßt. Die katalytische Hydrierung von (V) mit Palladiumkohle liefert das 5‐Amino‐ Derivat (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION OF 5‐DIAZOIMIDAZOLE‐4‐THIOAMIDE, SYNTHESIS OF 2‐AZAPURINES
Authors: PUSHKAREVA Z. V. , OFITSEROV V. I. , MOKRUSHIN V. S. , AGLITSKAYA K. V.
Published: March 2016

Die Amino‐imidazolthioamide (I) geben bei der Diazotierung cyclische Azoverbindungen (II), die sich bei der Behandlung mit Ammoniak zu Imidazotriazinthionen (III) isomerisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS PART 89, TRICYCLIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING A 3‐THIENYLSULFIDE FRAGMENT, 10‐(3‐DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLIDENE)‐5,10‐DIHYDRO‐THIENO(3,2‐C)‐2‐BENZOTHIEPIN, A NEW EFFECTIVE ANTIHISTAMINE
Authors: RAJSNER M. , METYS J. , KAKAC B. , PROTIVA M.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Verbindungen (I) und (II) erhältliche Säure (IIIa) wird zum heterocyclischen Keton (IV) cyclisiert, das mit der Grignardverbindung (V) zum Carbinol (VI) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CYCLIC DIETHYLMALONIC ANHYDRIDE
Authors: RESOFSZKI G. , HUHN M. , HEGEDUES B. , DVORTSAK P. , KALOY K.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Behandlung von Diäthylmalonsäure (I) mit Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid erhält man neben dem dimeren Anhydrid (II) das Cyclisierungsprodukt (III), das bei längerem Stehen in das Barbiturat (IV) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLID PHASE ORGANOMETALLIC SYNTHESIS, BIS(DI‐N‐BUTYLCHLOROTIN)TETRACARBONYLOSMIUM
Authors: BURLITCH JAMES M. , WINTERTON RICHARD C.
Published: March 2016

Die an fester Phase durchgeführte Synthese der Titelverbindung (IVb) aus Di‐n‐butyl Sn‐dichlorid und Dihydridotetracarbonyl‐Os mit Diäthylamin als Kupplungsreagenz erfolgt unter Verwendung eines Styrol‐20%‐Divinylbenzol‐Copolymeren.
ChemInform Abstract: EXTRACTIVES OF AUSTRALIAN TIMBERS PART 15, THE SYNTHESIS OF 7,4′‐DI‐O‐METHYLBAYIN
Authors: EADE RONALD A. , MCDONALD FRANCIS J. , SIMES JOHN J. H.
Published: March 2016

Die Grignard‐Reaktion von 2,6‐Dimethoxy‐phenylmagnesiumbromid mit Tetraacetyl‐a‐D‐glucosylchlorid führt hauptsächlich zu den isomeren Glucopyranosylbenzolen (I) und (II) (38% Gesamtausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF MACROCYCLIC TERPENOIDS BY INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION PART 1, (+‐)‐CEMBRENE‐A, A TERMITE TRAIL PHEROMONE, AND (+‐)‐NEPHTHENOL
Authors: KODAMA M. , MATSUKI Y. , ITO S.
Published: March 2016

trans, trans‐Geranyllinalool (I) liefert mit Phosphortribromid und Thiophenolat den Thioäther (II), der nach van Tamelen mit NBS und K2CO3 zu (III) epoxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL LATENTIATION FORMS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS BASED ON ACTION OF LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE, DIPEPTIDE DERIVATIVES OF THE TRICYCLOALIPHATIC ALPHA‐AMINO ACID, ADAMANTANINE
Authors: NAGASAWA H. T. , EBERLING J. A. , SHIROTA F. N.
Published: March 2016

Aus der Adamantan‐amino‐carbonsäure (I) entsteht mit ‐dem Imidoester (II) das geschützte Derivat (III), das mit den geschützten Säurechloriden (IV) zu (Va), (Vb) kondensiert und dann zu hydrid erhält man aus (I) über das Azlacton (VII) mit Phenylalanin (VIII) das Amid (IX), das zu (Xc) verseift wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 10,11‐METHYLENE PROSTAGLANDINS OF UNAMIBIGUOUS STEREOCHEMISTRY
Authors: GUZMAN A. , MUCHOWSKI J. M.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den entsprechenden Alkoholen mit Methansulfonylchlorid/Triäthylamin hergestellten Alkohole (Ia) und (Ib) gehen bei der Behandlung mit 1,4‐Diaza‐bicyclo= (4,3,0)nonen‐(4) in die Cyclopropanderivate (II) bzw. (III) über.
ChemInform Abstract: BETA‐THIONOLACTAM ANALOGS OF CEPHALOSPORINS AND PENICILLINS
Authors: WOJTKOWSKI P. W. , DOLFINI J. E. , KOCY OCTAVIAN , CIMARUSTI CHRISTOPHER M.
Published: March 2016

Reaktion der Lactamester (I) mit B‐sulfid liefert die Thionolactamester (II); neben (IIa) wird auch das Isomere (III) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: HOT‐PRESSING OF SILICON CARBIDE WITH 1 PERCENT BORON CARBIDE ADDITION
Authors: BIND J. M. , BIGGERS JAMES V.
Published: March 2016

Das Verdichtungsverhalten von unter Druck gesintertem kubischen SiC mit l Gew.% B4C wird in Abhängigkeit von‐der Temperatur (1750 bis 1950°C) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HERSTELLUNG UND UNTERSUCHUNG VON GLASFOERMIGEN HALBLEITERN AUF DER BASIS P2SE3
Authors: RADAUTSAN S. I. , MASLYANKO R. A. , LYALIKOVA R. YU. , KOLOSKOVA V. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Synthese der Halbleiterverbindungen auf der Basis von P2Se3 mit Cu‐, Ag‐, Ga‐, In‐, Ge‐ und Cd‐Zusätzen erfolgt durch Schmelzen der Ausgangskomponenten in evakuierten Ampullen mit anschließender Abkühlung an der Luft oder im abgeschalteten Ofen.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLIERUNG AROMATISCHER AMINE IN ANWESENHEIT VON ALUMINIUMSILIKATKATALYSATOREN
Authors: ZARUBINA I. V. , BORUKHOVA M. S. , KAGAN L. KH. , NIKONOROV E. M. , ROGOZHINA T. E.
Published: March 2016

Die Produktverteilung bei der Alkylierung von Diphenylamin mit trimerem Propylen hängt von der Struktur der verwendeten Aluminiumsilikat‐Katalysatoren ab.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ISOMERS AND MIXTURES OF BIS‐(TRICHLOROACETYL)‐BENZENE DERIVATIVES IN THE PRESENCE OF HEXAMETHYLENETETRAMINE
Authors: IOFFE A. E. , KHCHEYAN KH. E.
Published: March 2016

In Gegenwart von 0,25 ‐ 0,5% Urotropin bei 20 ‐200°C ohne Lösungsmittel verläuft die Chlorierung von 1,3‐ oder 1,4‐Diacetyl‐benzol sowie Isomerengemischen zu den entsprechenden Bis‐trichloracetylbenzolen nahezu quantitativ.
ChemInform Abstract: DRUGS IN THE SERIES OF BETA‐PHENYLISOPROPYLAMINE DERIVATIVES PART 5, P‐AMINOPHENYLACETIC ACID PHENYLISOPROPYL‐AMIDES WITH OXYALKYL RADICALS IN THE AMINO GROUP
Authors: KUDRYASHOVA N. I. , PIOTROVSKII L. B. , DUMPIS M. A. , KHROMOV‐BORISOV N. V.
Published: March 2016

Die Epoxide (I) reagieren mit dem β‐Phenylisopropylamid der 4‐Aminophenylessigsäure (II) zu den N‐substituierten Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYLACETONITRILES AND PHENYLMALONONITRILES FROM TOLUENES AND CYANOGEN CHLORIDE
Authors: GRIMM R. A. , MENTING J. E.
Published: March 2016

Beim Behandeln von Toluol (I) mit Chlorcyan (II) im Reaktor bei 590 ‐ 680°C werden Phenylacetonitril (III) und Phenylmalodinitril (IV) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐AMINOFURAN DURCH HYDRAZINOLYSE DES N‐(FURYL(2))‐PHTHALIMIDS 10. MITT. ZUR SYNTHESE UND WIRKUNG POTENTIELLER ARZNEISTOFFE
Authors: REISCH J. , LABITZKE H.
Published: March 2016

Das durch Hydrazinolyse des Phthalimids (I) entstehende, bisher unbekannte 2‐Aminofuran (II) ließ sich gaschromatographisch nachweisen.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN ACYLENAMINEN 28. MITT. UEBER DIE RINGSPALTUNG VON 1,2‐DIHYDRO‐3,1‐BENZOXAZINEN 1. MITT.
Authors: EIDEN F. , SCHNABEL K. , WIEDEMANN H.
Published: March 2016

Das Dihydrobenzoxazin (VI) und einige Spalt‐ und Umwandlungsprodukte werden wie im Formelschema angegeben synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER HALOGENSILAN‐ADDUKTE 6. MITT. DARSTELLUNG VON (SICL2BIPY2)(CLO4)2 DURCH OXIDATION VON SICL2BIPY2
Authors: KUMMER DIETER , SESHADRI TARIMALA
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung (II) wird durch Umsetzung des grünen Isomeren des neutralen Komplexes (I) mit Chlor und anschließenden Ionenaustausch in Methanol dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS FROM CARBOHYDRATE PRECURSORS OF (R)‐ AND (S)‐ETHYL ISOPROPYL METHYL PHOSPHATE AND OTHER OPTICALLY ACTIVE NEUTRAL PHOSPHORUS ESTERS
Authors: HALL C. R. , INCH TH. D. , LEWIS G. J. , CHITTENDEN R. A.
Published: March 2016

Aus optisch aktiven Phosphorsäure; Thiophosphorsäure‐ und Phosphonsäureestern, z.B. (I) und (IV), von Kohlenhydratderivaten werden auf stereospezifischem Wege einfache optisch aktive Ester (III) und (VI) hergestellt, deren enantiomere Reinheit auf NMR‐spektroskopischem Wege mit Hilfe von tris‐[3‐(Heptafluoro‐n‐propylhydroxymethylen)‐(+)‐camphorato]‐europium(III) bestimmt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY PART 4, PHOSPHORUS MONOAMIDATES ARISING FROM AN INTERMEDIATE IN THE PHOSPHORYLATION REACTION WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS DICHLORIDES AND SULFOXIDES
Authors: RUVEDA M. A. , DE LICASTRO S. A. , ZERBA E. N. , DE MOUTIER ALDAO E. M.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reaktion von Organophosphordichloriden (I) mit Dimethylsulfoxid (II) entstehen reaktive Zwischenstufen (III), die mit Cyclohexylamin (IV) zu den Phosphormonoamidaten (V) neben (VI) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLISCHE O‐AMINO‐PHOSPHONESTER
Authors: GUENTHER O. , HARTKE K.
Published: March 2016

Durch Kondensation der Thioenoläther (I) mit den Hydrazinen (II) werden in guten Ausbeuten die o‐Aminopyrazolphosphonsäureester (III) und/oder (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORUS‐NITROGEN COMPOUNDS PART 23, REACTION OF SODIUM 2,2,2‐TRIFLUOROETHOXIDE WITH HEXACHLOROCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE
Authors: SCHMUTZ J. L. , ALLCOCK H. R.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelreaktion lieferte neun Cyclotriphosp.hazene (I), die anhand von NMR‐Analysen als die verschiedenen Substitutionsprodukte mit allen Isomeren identifiziert wurden.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE STABILITY OF THALLIUM(I) TRANSITION METAL CARBONYLS, DERIVATIVES CONTAINING IRON, CHROMIUM, AND VANADIUM
Authors: PEDERSEN S. ERIK , ROBINSON WILLIAM R.
Published: March 2016

Metathetische Reaktion von T1NO3 mit schwach basischen substituierten Carbonylferrationen bzw. Fe(CO)5 liefert stabile Tl(I)‐Verbindungen (I) bzw. (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF HETEROPOLY ANIONS, PENTAMOLYBDOBISPHOSPHONATES
Authors: KWAK WONSUK , POPE MICHAEL T. , SCULLY THOMAS F.
Published: March 2016

Die Heteropolymolybdate (I) mit kovalent gebundener organischer Einheit werden durch Reaktion von Na‐molybdat mit den entsprechenden Alkyl‐ und Arylphosphonsäuren in wässriger Lösung bei pH 4‐5 dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL‐DIENE COMPLEXES PART 2, ISOMERIZATION OF RHODIUM‐COMPLEXED PENTA‐1,4‐ AND CIS‐PENTA‐1,3‐DIENES
Authors: ARTHURS MICHAEL , SLOAN MALCOLM , DREW MICHAEL G. B. , NELSON S. MARTIN
Published: March 2016

Die nach bekannter Methode dargestellten Rh(I)‐Komplexe (I) bis (III) unterliegen beim Erhitzen in inerten Lösungsmitteln quantitativer Isomerisierung.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDAL QUINOXALINES
Authors: CATSOULACOS P. , KYRIAKIDIS N.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Steroid‐epoxid (I) oder den Ketonen (IIa), (IIb) erhält man mit o‐Phenylendiamin (IIIa) oder der 4,5‐Dimethylverbindung (IIIb) die Chinoxaline (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CALCULATION OF COOLING RATE AND INDUCED STRESSES IN DRAWING OF OPTICAL FIBERS
Authors: PAEK U. C. , KURKJIAN C. R.
Published: March 2016

Es werden Gleichungen für die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit bei dem Ziehen optischer Silicatfasern abgeleitet und mit den Ergebnissen aus der Literatur verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE SYNTHESIS OF N‐PERMETHYLSPERMINE AND N‐PERMETHYLSPERMIDINE FROM THEIR UNMETHYLATED PRECURSORS
Authors: GIUMANINI ANGELO G. , CHIAVARI GIUSEPPE , SCARPONI FRANCO L.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von Spermin (I) bzw. Spermidin (III) mit HCHO/NaBH4 in H2SO4 und anschließende Alkalisierung mit KOH führen zu den N‐perrnethylierten Derivaten (II) bzw. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLO(5,3,1,0(3,5),0(4,9))UNDECAN‐2‐ONE AND THE ACID‐CATALYSED AND REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGES OF THE CYCLOPROPYL RING
Authors: HAMON DAVID P. G. , TAYLOR GARRY F.
Published: March 2016

Das aus der Säure (Ia) über das Chlorid (Ib) erhältliche Diazoketon (Ic) wird zur Titelverbindung (II) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUTED ENDO‐TRICYCLO(3.2.1.0(2,4))OCT‐6‐ENES 1. MITT. PREPARATION BY THE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION BETWEEN CYCLOPROPENE AND SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPENTADIENES
Authors: KAGI ROBERT I. , JOHNSON BRIAN L.
Published: March 2016

Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion der Cyclopentadiene (I) mit Cyclopropen (II) führt zu den Tricyclooctenen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TERT‐BUTYL PEROXY ESTERS PART 14, FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE PREPARATION OF DIALKYL TERT‐BUTYLPEROXY PHOSPHATES
Authors: SOSNOVSKY G. , ZARET E. H.
Published: March 2016

tert.‐Butyl‐peroxy‐phosphate wie (Va) können zwar durch Umsetzung von Chlorphosphaten wie (IVa) mit dem Hydroperoxid (I) in Gegenwart von Pyridin oder wäßriger KOH erhalten werden, sie sind jedoch mit den ebenfalls gebildeten Pyrophosphaten wie (II), die sich mit üblichen Methoden nicht abtrennen lassen, verunreinigt.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMINE‐ALKENEPHOSPHONATE CYCLOADDITIONS, CYCLOBUTENEPHOSPHONATES
Authors: DARLING S. D. , SUBRAMANIAN N.
Published: March 2016

Diäthoxy‐phosphinyl‐äthylen (I) reagiert mit dem Enamin (II) über die Zwischenstufe (III) zum kondensierten Cyclobutylamin (IV), das mit NaH zum kondensieaten Cyclobuten (V) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE INTERACTION OF DIARYLAMINES AND ARSENIC TRICHLORIDE
Authors: FREEDMAN L. D. , STYLES V. L.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung zwischen Diphenylamin (I) oder auch seinen Derivaten mit l Arsentrichlorid (II) erhält man ausschließlich das Cyclisierungsprodukt (III).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF CHELATION PART 5, DITERTIARY PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES OF NICKEL(II) NITRATE
Authors: CONNOR J. A. , RILEY P. I.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion zwischen Ni(NO3)2 ° 6 H2O und ditertiären Phosphinen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUXIONAL BEHAVIOUR OF H2M3(CO)9(RR′C2) (M=RU, OS)
Authors: EVANS J. , JOHNSON B. F. G. , LEWIS J. , MATHESON T. W.
Published: March 2016

Die bei verschiedenen Temperaturen aufgenommenen NMR‐Spektren zeigen für das.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PLATINUM 6‐THIOPURINE RIBOSIDE COMPLEXES
Authors: HADJILIADIS N. , THEOPHANIDES T.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der Liganden mit Tetrahalogenoplatinat liefert in neutralem wäßrigen Medium die trans‐Chelat‐Komplexe (I) und in stark saurer Lösung die Verbindungen (II), für die polymere Struktur mit einer schwachen Wasserstoffbrückenbindung zwischen dem protonierten Stickstoff in 1‐Stellung des Purins und dem Halogenatom eines benachbarten Moleküls angenommen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES PART 92, A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 5‐(BETA‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)‐ISOCYTOSINE(PSI‐ISOCYTIDINE)
Authors: CHU C. K. , WATANABE K. A. , FOX J. J.
Published: March 2016

Aus der Ribofuranose (I) erhält man mit dem Phosphoran (II) das Kondensat (III), das zu (IV) formyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON (6Z)‐4‐HYDROXY‐6‐DODECENSAEURE‐LACTON UND 4‐HYDROXYDODECANSAEURELACTON
Authors: SUCROW WOLFGANG , KLEIN UWE
Published: March 2016

Das aus dem Enin (I) erhältliche Epoxid (II) wird mit dem Amid (III) zum Hydroxyamid (IV) umgesetzt, das mit saurem Ionenaustauscher in Aceton in das Butyrolacton (V) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF SN3O(OH)2SO4
Authors: GRIMVALL SIV
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung kristallisiert rhombisch in der Raumgruppe Pca21 mit a = 13,045, b = 4,9383, c = 12,140 Å und Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC ALKYLATION REACTION BY MEANS OF A CHIRAL PHASE TRANSFER CATALYST
Authors: FIAUD J. C.
Published: March 2016

Cyclohexanon‐2‐carbonsäureester (Ia) bzw. 2‐Acetyl‐cyclohexanon (Ib) werden in Gegenwart von optisch aktivem Ephbdrin‐ammoniumsalz (III) mit den Alkylierungsmitteln (II) zu (IV) alkyliert.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE REAKTION UNTER BILDUNG VON CYCLOPROPANEN
Authors: BARREAU M. , BOST M. , JULIA M. , LALLEMAND J. Y.
Published: March 2016

Die Methylenverbindungen (Ia), (Ib) werden in Gegenwart von Cu(II)‐halogenid mit Olefinen (III) behandelt, wobei über die Zwischenstufen (II) Cyclisierungsprodukte (IV) sowie die Addukte (V) bzw, (VI) in unterschiedlichenAnteilen entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF THE STEREOISOMERIC DIETHYL 6‐AMINOCYCLOHEXANE‐1,3‐DICARBOXYLATES
Authors: SKARIC VINKO , DJURAS BLANKA , TURJAK‐ZEBIC VERA
Published: March 2016

Die katalytische Hydrierung der Cyclohexanonoxime (I) an Raney‐Ni liefert die vier stereoisomeren Amine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: AROMATIC NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION PART 5, CONFIRMATION OF THE SPIRO JANOVSKY COMPLEX IN BASE‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF N‐ACETYL‐BETA‐AMINOETHYL‐2,4‐DINITROPHENYL ETHER WITH SIMULTANEOUS MIGRATION OF ACETYL GROUP
Authors: SEKIGUCHI S. , OKADA K.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit tert.‐Butylat erhält man aus dem basischen Dinitrophenyläther (I) über Zwischenstufen wie (II) die Verbindungen (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTION VON N,N‐DIMETHYLACETAMID‐DIAETHYLACETAL MIT BENZOYLCHLORID
Authors: GRANIK V. G. , MARCHENKO N. B. , BUDANOVA L. I. , KUZOVKIN V. A. , VLASOVA T. F. , ANISIMOVA O. S. , GLUSHKOV R. G.
Published: March 2016

Bei Reaktionen des Acetals (I) mit Benzoylchlorid (II) entstehen in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in Chloroform bei 25°C das Benzoyloxyzimtsäureamid (IV), in Benzol bei 30°C das Benzoylacetamid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A LOW‐PRESSURE, PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED N,N′‐DIARYLUREA SYNTHESIS FROM NITRO COMPOUNDS, AMINES, AND CARBON MONOXIDE
Authors: DIECK H. A. , LAINE R. M. , HECK R. F.
Published: March 2016

Die Herstellung von N,N′‐Diarylharnstoffen (III) aus den Aminen (I) und den Nitroverbindungen (II) in Gegenwart von CO, organischen Phosphinen, basischen tertiären Aminen, Tetraäthylammoniumchlorid und katalytischen Anteilen an Palladiumsalzen wie (IV) wird ausführlich untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2,3,3‐TETRAPHENYLBUTANE, A TRUE HEAD‐TO‐HEAD ′ETHANE′ DIMER
Authors: HOOK S. C. W.
Published: March 2016

1,1‐Diphenyl‐äthylchlorid (I) reagiert mit Lithium über das Radikal (II) zum 2,2,3,3‐Tetraphenyl‐butan (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NITRIERUNG VON HALOGENPHENYLCYCLOPROPANEN
Authors: SHABAROV YU. S. , MOCHALOV S. S. , NOVOKRESHCHENNYKH V. D. , VOLKOV E. M. , ERMISHKINA S. A.
Published: March 2016

Bei Nitrierungen der Halogenphenylcyclopropane (I) mit konz. HNO3 in Acetanhydrid bei ‐50 bis ‐40°C erhält man Gemische der Mononitroderivate (II) und (III), bei der Nitrierung der o‐Jod‐Verbindung (Ic) außerdem das Nitrophenylcyclopropan (IV) (Ausbeute 53%).
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE SYNTHESE DES Z,Z‐ UND E,E‐TETRABENZO(A,C,G,I)CYCLODODECENS
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , SCHAPER W.
Published: March 2016

Aus 2,2′‐Bis‐brommethyl‐biphenyl (I) und dem entsprechenden Dimercaptan (II) entstehen die isomeren Kondensate (IIIa) und (IVa), deren Sulfone (IIIb) bzw. (IVb) thermisch die stereoisomere Olefine (V) bzw‐.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMINE CHEMISTRY PART 20, REACTIONS OF ALPHA,BETA‐UNSATURATED ACID CHLORIDES, SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL 2,6‐DIOXOBICYCLO(3,3,1)NONANE‐1‐CARBOXYLATES, ALKYL 2,9‐DIOXOBICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANE‐7‐CARBOXYLATES, AND 2,9‐DIOXOBICYCLO(3.3.1)NONANE‐7‐CARBONITRILES
Authors: HICKMOTT PETER W. , WOODWARD KEVIN N. , URBANI RAYMOND
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktionen der Pyrrolidinenamine (IIIa) von Dialkyl‐cyclohexanondicarboxylaten mit Acrylsäurechlorid (IIa) führt zu den 2,6‐Dioxobicyclononan‐1‐carboxylaten (I).
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐1′,2′‐TETRATHIAFULVALENE (3‐(1,2‐DITHIOL‐3‐YLIDEN)‐1′,2′‐DITHIOLE)
Authors: BEHRINGER H. , MEINETSBERGER E.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Dithiolium‐Salzen (Ia) und (Ib)erhält man bei der kathodischen Reduktion Dimere (II), während mit Zink in aprotischen Medien die Tetrathiafulvalene (III) bzw. (IV) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 3‐AMINO‐3‐PYRAZOLIN‐5‐ONES
Authors: GAVRILENKI B. B. , MILLER S. I.
Published: March 2016

Trichloracetonitril (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von Na mit Malonsäureester (II) zum Kondensat (III), das mit Hydrazin über die bei niederen Temperaturen isolierbare Zwischenstufe (IV) zum Pyrazolinon (V) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION IN THE SERIES OF SYDNONIMINE N‐EXO‐CARBAMOYL DERIVATIVES
Authors: OLOVYANISHNIKOVA Z. A. , BRYANTSEV B. I. , SLYUSARENKO I. S. , YASHUNSKII V. G.
Published: March 2016

Während die Bromierung der Carbamoylsydnonimine (I) und (V) in Essigsäure oder Äther im heterocyclischen Ring und danach im Phenylrest des Carbamoylsubstituenten erfolgt und die Verbindungen (II) bis (IV) und (VI) erhalten werden, bilden sich bei der Nitrierung von (I) und (V) nur phenylsubstituierte Derivate.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTITUMOR‐VERBINDUNGEN 12. MITT. DIREKTE SYNTHESE VON 2‐SULFANILAMIDO‐PYRIMIDINEN DURCH REAKTION VON SULFAGUANIDIN MIT EINIGEN SAUERSTOFF‐HETEROCYCLEN
Authors: PENE CECILE , HUBERT‐HABART MICHEL , ROYER RENE
Published: March 2016

Beim Erhitzen von Sulfaguanidin (II) mit den Sauerstoff‐Heterocyclen (I), (IV) bzw. (VI) mit einem Überschuß Na‐äthylat in Äthanol bilden sich die N‐Pyrimidinyl‐sulfanilamide (III), (V) bzw. (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND PHARMAKOLOGIE DER METABOLITE VON CINPROPAZIDMALEAT UND VERWANDTER VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: FAURAN CLAUDE , TURIN MICHEL , RAYNAUD GUY , POURRIAS BERNARD , RUCH ANNE‐MARIE
Published: March 2016

Produkte (IV) und (V) (isoliert überwiegend als Oxalate) synthetisiert, wobei (IVa) im Urin des Menschen und Hundes und (Va) nur im Urin des Hundes als Metabolite vorkommen.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 1H‐1,2‐BENZODIAZEPINES
Authors: GARANTI L. , SCANDROGLIO A. , ZECCHI G.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Anilinen (I) erhält man über die Diazoniumsalze mit α‐Chlor‐acetessigester (III) die Hydrazone (IV), die mit Triäthylamin über die Zwischenstufen (V) zu den IH‐1,2‐Benzodiazepinen (VI) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYSIS BY METAL COMPLEXES PART 32, HYDROSILYLATION OF 1,3‐BUTADIENE CATALYSED WITH A NICKEL(II) SALT ‐ SODIUM BIS(2‐METHOXYETHOXY)ALUMINIUM HYDRIDE SYSTEM
Authors: CAPKA M. , HETFLEJS J.
Published: March 2016

Die Hydrosilylierung von Butadien (I) mit den Silanen (I′I) in Gegenwart von NiCl2 oder NiBr2 oder des Ni(II)‐Triphenylphosphin‐Systems und des Hydrids (III) als Katalysatorsystemen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLIERTE UND THIOPHOSPHORYLIERTE BENZAZOLYLIDEN‐ UND BENZAZOLYLHARNSTOFFE
Authors: GRAPOV A. F. , ARIPOV A. , GALUSHINA V. V. , MEL'NIKOV N. N.
Published: March 2016

Durch Umsetzung der Isocyanato(thio)‐phosphate und Isocyanato(thio)‐phosphonate (II) mit den 2‐Aminoazolen (I) entstehen die Hanrstoffe (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVITAET VON HARZSAEUREN AUS DER PIMAR‐GRUPPE, EPOXIDIERUNG VON SANDARACOPIMARSAEUREMETHYLESTER
Authors: DELMOND BERNARD , PINTO GEORGES , VALADE JACQUES
Published: March 2016

Die Oxidation des Titelesters (I) mit p‐Nitro‐perbenzoesäure in CHCl3 ergibt die 8,14‐isomeren Epoxide (II) und (III) und nur Spuren des Epoxids (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDTRIENE ALS ANDROGENE UND ANABOLICA
Authors: AZADIAN‐BOULANGER GENEVIEVE , BUCOURT ROBERT , NEDELEC LUCIEN , NOMINE GERARD
Published: March 2016

Der Einfluß chemischer Veränderungen auf die androgene und anabolische Wirkung ungesättigter 19‐Norsteroide vom Typ (I) und (II) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDS AND RELATED NATURAL PRODUCTS PART 92, CONVERSION OF CANARIGENONE(14‐HYDROXY‐3‐OXO‐14BETA‐CARDA‐4,20(22)‐DIENOLIDE) INTO PERIPLOGENIN (3BETA,5,14‐TRIHYDROXY‐5BETA,14BETA‐CARD‐20(22)‐ENOLIDE)
Authors: KAMANO YOSHIAKI , PETTIT GEORGE R. , TOZAWA MACHIKO
Published: March 2016

Das aus Digitoxigenin zugängliche Canarigenon (I) wird über das Ketoepoxid (II) und das Hydroxyketon (III) in Periplogenin (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR SYNTHESE VON PEPTIDEN UNTER VERWENDUNG VON TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIT UND IMIDAZOL
Authors: GUDKOV A. T.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von Acylaminosäuren (I) mit salzsauren Aminosäureestern (II) in Gegenwart von Imidazol erhält man die Peptide (III) in reinerer Form und mit besserer Ausbeute als bei Verwendung von Triäthylamin.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Regular Physical Activity and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta‐analysis of 13 Prospective Studies
Authors: Zhu Wen‐Gen , Wan Rong , Din Ying , Xu Zhenyan , Yang Xiaohui , Hong Kui
Published: March 2016

Several studies investigated the role of physical activity in atrial fibrillation (AF), but the results remain controversial. We aimed to estimate the association between physical activity and incident AF, as well as to determine whether a sex difference existed. We systematically retrieved relevant studies from Cochrane Library, PubMed, and ScienceDirect through December 1, 2015. Data were abstracted from eligible studies and effect estimates pooled using a random‐effects model. Thirteen prospective studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. For primary analysis, neither total physical activity exposure (relative risk [RR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90‐1.06, P = 0.62) nor intensive physical activity (RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.93‐1.25, P = 0.41) was associated with a significant increased risk of AF. In the country‐stratified analysis, the pooled results were not significantly changed. However, in the sex‐stratified analysis, total physical activity exposure was associated with an increased risk of AF in men (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.37), especially at age <50 years (RR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.28‐1.95), with a significantly reduced risk of AF in women (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87‐0.97). Additionally, male individuals with intensive physical activity had a slightly higher (although statistically nonsignificant) risk of developing AF (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99‐1.28), but there was a significantly reduced risk of incident AF in women (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86‐0.98). Published literature supports a sex difference in the association between physical activity and incident AF. Increasing physical activity is probably associated with an increased risk of AF in men and a decreased risk in women.
Targeting Protein–Protein Interactions in the HIF System
Authors: Wilkins Sarah E. , Abboud Martine I. , Hancock Rebecca L. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: March 2016

Animals respond to chronic hypoxia by increasing the levels of a transcription factor known as the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF). HIF upregulates multiple genes, the products of which work to ameliorate the effects of limited oxygen at cellular and systemic levels. Hypoxia sensing by the HIF system involves hydroxylase‐catalysed post‐translational modifications of the HIF α‐subunits, which 1) signal for degradation of HIF‐α and 2) limit binding of HIF to transcriptional coactivator proteins. Because the hypoxic response is relevant to multiple disease states, therapeutic manipulation of the HIF‐mediated response has considerable medicinal potential. In addition to modulation of catalysis by the HIF hydroxylases, the HIF system manifests other possibilities for therapeutic intervention involving protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions. Recent advances in our understanding of the structural biology and biochemistry of the HIF system are facilitating medicinal chemistry efforts. Herein we give an overview of the HIF system, focusing on structural knowledge of protein–protein interactions and how this might be used to modulate the hypoxic response for therapeutic benefit.
Meta‐analysis indicates that oxidative stress is both a constraint on and a cost of growth
Authors: Smith Shona M. , Nager Ruedi G. , Costantini David
Published: March 2016

Oxidative stress (OS) as a proximate mechanism for life‐history trade‐offs is widespread in the literature. One such resource allocation trade‐off involves growth rate, and theory suggests that OS might act as both a constraint on and a cost of growth, yet studies investigating this have produced conflicting results. Here, we use meta‐analysis to investigate whether increased OS levels impact on growth (OS as a constraint on growth) and whether greater growth rates can increase OS (OS as a cost of growth). The role of OS as a constraint on growth was supported by the meta‐analysis. Greater OS, in terms of either increased damage or reduced levels of antioxidants, was associated with reduced growth although the effect depended on the experimental manipulation used. Our results also support an oxidative cost of growth, at least in terms of increased oxidative damage, although faster growth was not associated with a change in antioxidant levels. These findings that OS can act as a constraint on growth support theoretical links between OS and animal life histories and provide evidence for a growth–self‐maintenance trade‐off. Furthermore, the apparent oxidative costs of growth imply individuals cannot alter this trade‐off when faced with enhanced growth. We offer a starting platform for future research and recommend the use of oxidative damage biomarkers in nonlethal tissue to investigate the growth–OS relationship further.
Photophysical Properties of Oligo­(phenylene ethynylene) Iridium(III) Complexes Functionalized with Metal‐Anchoring Groups
Authors: Ponce Julia , Aragó Juan , Vayá Ignacio , Magenti Jorge Gómez , Tatay Sergio , Ortí Enrique , Coronado Eugenio
Published: March 2016

The electrochemical and photophysical properties of a family of conjugated ligands and their iridium(III) cyclometallated complexes are described. They consist of a series of monocationic IrIII bis‐2‐phenylpyridine complexes with p‐phenylethynyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline ligands of different length. The structure of these ligands includes terminal acetylthiol or pyridine groups, which can provide good electrical contacts between metal electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry, absorption and emission spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that the high conjugation of the diimine ligand affords small energy gaps between the frontier orbitals. Nevertheless, the nature of the terminal substituents and the extent of the conjugation in the diimine ligand have little influence on the photophysical features at room temperature. The spectroscopic data and theoretical calculations agree that the charge‐transfer nature of the emitting excited state is maintained along the series at room temperature, whereas in rigid matrices ligand‐centred states also contribute to the low‐temperature emission. The good conducting features of the diimine ligands, the small dependence of the HOMO–LUMO (HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO = lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gaps of these complexes on the ligands and the charge‐transfer nature of the emitting excited state make these complexes promising test beds for the study of photoconducting phenomena in molecular junctions.
C–H Functionalization on Carbohydrates
Authors: Frihed Tobias Gylling , Bols Mikael , Pedersen Christian Marcus
Published: March 2016

Functionalization of C–H bonds has received significant attention in organic chemistry during the last decade and it is still a “hot” topic. In particular, C–H modification of natural products has benefitted from this development. Carbohydrates are densely functionalized natural products, and methods for their functionalization are therefore very attractable. This review presents methods from the last five decades and gives an overview of the developments in C–H functionalization of carbohydrates. It covers all methods in which a C–H bond is broken: from radical abstractions and carbene insertion to new metal‐catalyzed approaches. The review systematically covers the carbohydrates position‐by‐position and hence gives a quick overview.
Organocatalytic 1,3‐Dipolar Cyclo­addition Reaction of β‐Keto Amides with Azides – Direct Access to 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazole‐4‐carb­oxamides
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Xu Xianhong , Liu Kun , Gao Hua , Wang Wei , Li Wenjun
Published: March 2016

Organocatalytic [3+2] 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions of β‐keto amides with azides catalyzed by 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) have been developed. This strategy generates 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxamides in high yields and regioselectivities at room temperature. The reaction conditions have been optimized, and the scope of the β‐keto amide and azide have been investigated. A mechanism for the reaction is also proposed.
Four‐dimensional live imaging of hemodynamics in mammalian embryonic heart with Doppler optical coherence tomography
Authors: Wang Shang , Lakomy David S. , Garcia Monica D. , Lopez Andrew L. , Larin Kirill V. , Larina Irina V.
Published: March 2016

Hemodynamic analysis of the mouse embryonic heart is essential for understanding the functional aspects of early cardiogenesis and advancing the research in congenital heart defects. However, high‐resolution imaging of cardiac hemodynamics in mammalian models remains challenging, primarily due to the dynamic nature and deep location of the embryonic heart. Here we report four‐dimensional micro‐scale imaging of blood flow in the early mouse embryonic heart, enabling time‐resolved measurement and analysis of flow velocity throughout the heart tube. Our method uses Doppler optical coherence tomography in live mouse embryo culture, and employs a post‐processing synchronization approach to reconstruct three‐dimensional data over time at a 100 Hz volume rate. Experiments were performed on live mouse embryos at embryonic day 9.0. Our results show blood flow dynamics inside the beating heart, with the capability for quantitative flow velocity assessment in the primitive atrium, atrioventricular and bulboventricular regions, and bulbus cordis. Combined cardiodynamic and hemodynamic analysis indicates this functional imaging method can be utilized to further investigate the mechanical relationship between blood flow dynamics and cardiac wall movement, bringing new possibilities to study biomechanics in early mammalian cardiogenesis.

Four‐dimensional live hemodynamic imaging of the mouse embryonic heart at embryonic day 9.0 using Doppler optical coherence tomography, showing directional blood flows in the sinus venosus, primitive atrium, atrioventricular region and vitelline vein.

magnified image

Four‐dimensional live hemodynamic imaging of the mouse embryonic heart at embryonic day 9.0 using Doppler optical coherence tomography, showing directional blood flows in the sinus venosus, primitive atrium, atrioventricular region and vitelline vein.
Can Climate Finance Contribute to Gender Equity in Developing Countries?
Authors: Wong Sam
Published: March 2016

Climate finance helps mobilise additional development funds to help developing countries reduce CO2 emissions and local communities adapt to changing climate. Increasingly, however, concerns have been raised about the implications of climate finance on gender equity. Drawing on the ‘contextual‐procedural‐distributive’ equity framework, this paper conducts an extensive review of literature on forest sequestration, climate‐smart agriculture and disaster management. It indicates that the effectiveness of climate finance is constrained from a lack of awareness of the gender gap in access to land and capital. To maximise the impact of climate finance, it urges policy makers to tackle deeply rooted structural inequalities. © 2016 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of anti‐tuberculosis drug concentration and distribution from sustained release microspheres in the vertebrae of a spinal tuberculosis rabbit model
Authors: Liu Peng , Jiang Hui , Li Shijun , Lin Zhen , Jiang Jianming
Published: March 2016

There have been several sustained‐release materials containing anti‐tuberculosis drug to enhance concentration in foci of spinal tuberculosis but what map by which composite drug delivery system is released is not known. Isoniazid (INH) lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) and INH hydroxyapatite (HA) microspheres were prepared, respectively. The rabbits were modeled by tuberculosis strains and sustained‐release microspheres were incubated in the foci. INH concentrations in the HA group were higher than those of INH and PLGA groups at L3, L4, and L5 vertebra 2 days after the drugs were embedded (p < 0.05). INH concentrations in the HA group were higher than those of INH and PLGA groups in L3 vertebra 4 days after the drugs were embedded (p < 0.05). INH concentrations in the PLGA group were higher than those of INH and HA groups in L5 vertebra; INH concentrations of the HA group were higher than those of INH and PLGA groups in L4 vertebra 6 days after the drugs were embedded (p < 0.05). These microspheres can enhance INH concentration in the foci. Furthermore, HA microspheres elicit osteogenic effects. HA is better than PLGA in terms of infiltration, but PLGA is better than HA in terms of distribution. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:200–208, 2017.
Comparison of performances of femtosecond laser and microkeratome for thin‐flap laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: Kasetsuwan Ngamjit , Satitpitakul Vannarut , Puangsricharern Vilavun , Reinprayoon Usanee , Pariyakanok Lalida
Published: March 2016

Objective

To compare the clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser (FS) and microkeratome (MK) for thin‐flap in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Materials and Methods

Data from patients with moderate to high myopia (spherical equivalent, >−4 diopters [D]) who underwent thin‐flap LASIK using FS (199 eyes/110 patients) and MK (157 eyes/86 patients) were analyzed in this retrospective study. Preoperative and postoperative data were recorded from day 1 and months 1 and 3, postoperatively. Visual and refractive outcomes were compared for efficacy, safety, predictability, stability, and the efficacy and safety indices.

Results

Three months postoperatively, more eyes in the FS group had an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/40 or better compared to MK group (relative risk [RR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–1.05, P = 0.58); significantly more eyes in FS group had an UCVA of 20/20 or better (RR, 1.26, 95%CI, 1.08–1.48, P = 0.003). Intraoperative bleeding occurred in 5% and 36.7%, respectively, of FS and MK groups. There were no significant differences in the refractive predictability within spherical equivalents of 0.5 D (FS, 72%; MK, 63%) and 1.0 D (FS, 90%; MK, 86%). Both groups showed good stability 3 months, postoperatively. The efficacy index in FS group was 113.4%; that in MK group was 102.5% at 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). The safety indices for FS and MK groups at 3 months postoperatively were 116.4% and 108.2%, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both methods of thin‐flap created LASIK were effective, safe, predicable, and stable. FS group had significant improvements in efficacy and safety, confirmed by the efficacy and safety indices, compared to MK group. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:596–601, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymptotic analysis of Neumann periodic optimal boundary control problem
Authors: Nandakumaran Akambadath , Prakash Ravi , Sardar Bidhan Chandra
Published: March 2016

An optimal boundary control problem in a domain with oscillating boundary has been investigated in this paper. The controls are acting periodically on the oscillating boundary. The controls are applied with suitable scaling parameters. One of the major contribution is the representation of the optimal control using the unfolding operator. We then study the limiting analysis (homogenization) and obtain two limit problems according to the scaling parameters. Another notable observation is that the limit optimal control problem has three controls, namely, a distributed control, a boundary control, and an interface control. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributing coil elements in three dimensions enhances parallel transmission multiband RF performance: A simulation study in the human brain at 7 Tesla
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Tian Jinfeng , Schmitter Sebastian , Vaughan J. Tommy , Uğurbil Kâmil , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François
Published: March 2016

Purpose

We explore the advantages of using a double‐ring radiofrequency (RF) array and slice orientation to design parallel transmission (pTx) multiband (MB) pulses for simultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging with whole‐brain coverage at 7 Tesla (T).

Methods

A double‐ring head array with 16 elements split evenly in two rings stacked in the z‐direction was modeled and compared with two single‐ring arrays consisting of 8 or 16 elements. The array performance was evaluated by designing band‐specific pTx MB pulses with local specific absorption rate (SAR) control. The impact of slice orientations was also investigated.

Results

The double‐ring array consistently and significantly outperformed the other two single‐ring arrays, with peak local SAR reduced by up to 40% at a fixed excitation error of 0.024. For all three arrays, exciting sagittal or coronal slices yielded better RF performance than exciting axial or oblique slices.

Conclusions

A double‐ring RF array can be used to drastically improve SAR versus excitation fidelity tradeoff for pTx MB pulse design for brain imaging at 7 T; therefore, it is preferable against single‐ring RF array designs when pursuing various biomedical applications of pTx SMS imaging. In comparing the stripline arrays, coronal and sagittal slices are more advantageous than axial and oblique slices for pTx MB pulses. Magn Reson Med 75:2464–2472, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overview of the 2015 ICS Consensus Conference
Authors: Biardeau X. , Aharony S. ,   the AUS Consensus Group, Campeau L. , Corcos J.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

The AMS800™ device is considered to be the “gold‐standard” when male incontinence surgical treatment is contemplated. Despite 40 years of experience, it is still a specialized procedure with a number of challenges. Here, we present the recommendations issued from the AUS Consensus Group, regarding indications, management and follow‐up AMS800™ implantation or revision.

Materials and Methods

Under ICS auspices, an expert panel met on July 10, 2015 in Chicago, IL, USA in an attempt to reach a consensus on diverse issues related to the AMS800™ device. Participants were selected by the two co‐chairs on the basis of their practice in a University hospital and their experience: number of implanted AUSs according to AMS (American Medical System Holdings Inc., Minnetonka, MN) records and/or major published articles. Topics listed were the result of a pre‐meeting email brainstorming by all participants. The co‐chairs distributed topics randomly to all participants, who then had to propose a statement on each topic for approval by the conference after a short evidence‐based presentation, when possible.

Results

The present recommendations, based on the most recent and relevant data available in literature as well as expert opinions, successively address multiple specific and problematic issues associated with the AMS800™ trough a 6‐chapter structure: pre‐operative assessment, pre operative challenges, implantation technique, post‐operative care, trouble‐shooting, and special populations.

Conclusion

These guidelines undoubtedly constitute a reference document, which will help urologists to carefully select patients and apply the most adapted management to implantation, follow‐up and trouble‐shooting of the AMS800™. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:437–443, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fracture toughness of woven glass and carbon reinforced hybrid and non‐hybrid composite plates
Authors: Arasan Şaziye , Aktaş Mehmet , Balcıoğlu H. Ersen
Published: March 2016

The fracture toughness and strength of materials are adversely affected by the cracks in the materials, which can be induced during manufacturing, assembly, and usage. In this study, the effect of crack length and crack location on the fracture toughness of woven glass and carbon reinforced hybrid and non‐hybrid composite plates were investigated experimentally and numerically. For this purpose, glass/epoxy (G8), and carbon/epoxy (C8) non‐hybrid composite plates and glass‐carbon/epoxy (G2C4G2), and carbon‐glass/epoxy (C2G4C2) hybrid composite plates were produced by using hand lay‐up method. The fracture toughness of hybrid and non‐hybrid composite plates having three different crack locations as single edge crack (SEC), center crack (CC), and double edge crack (DEC) with different crack lengths were obtained by determining failure loads under tensile loading. The ANSYS finite element package program was used in order to determine the fracture toughness of hybrid and non‐hybrid composites by means of J‐Integral methods. The results showed that the highest and the lowest fracture toughness values were obtained in the specimens with SEC and CC, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:783–793, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Calculating the fetal fraction for noninvasive prenatal testing based on genome‐wide nucleosome profiles
Authors: Straver Roy , Oudejans Cees B. M. , Sistermans Erik A. , Reinders Marcel J. T.
Published: March 2016

Objective

While large fetal copy number aberrations can generally be detected through sequencing of DNA in maternal blood, the reliability of tests depends on the fraction of DNA that originates from the fetus. Existing methods to determine this fetal fraction require additional work or are limited to male fetuses. We aimed to create a sex‐independent approach without additional work.

Methods

DNA fragments used for noninvasive prenatal testing are cut only by natural processes; thus, influences on cutting by the packaging of DNA in nucleosomes will be preserved in sequencing. As cuts are expected to be made preferentially in linker regions, the shorter fetal fragments should be enriched for reads starting in nucleosome covered positions.

Results

We generated genome‐wide nucleosome profiles based on single end sequencing of cell‐free DNA. We found a difference between DNA digestion of fetal cell‐free DNA and maternal cell‐free DNA and used this to calculate the fraction of fetal DNA in maternal plasma for both male and female fetuses.

Conclusion

Our method facilitates cost‐effective noninvasive prenatal testing, as the fetal DNA fraction can be estimated without the need for expensive paired‐end sequencing or additional tests.

The methodology is implemented as a tool, which we called SANEFALCON (Single reAds Nucleosome‐basEd FetAL fraCtiON). It is available for academic and non‐profit purposes under Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License. github.com/rstraver/sanefalcon. © 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SUPERVISION AND MENTORING FOR EARLY CAREER SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS: AVAILABILITY, ACCESS, STRUCTURE, AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Silva Arlene E. , Newman Daniel S. , Guiney Meaghan C. , Valley‐Gray Sarah , Barrett Courtenay A.
Published: March 2016

This study is the first national survey of supervision and mentoring practices for early career school psychologists (ECSPs). Respondents included 700 participants, 38% of whom reported having access to professional supervision. Time, availability, and proximity to a supervisor were found to be the most common barriers to accessing supervision and mentoring; access to technology, supervisor interest, and cost were not found to be as significant. Nearly 30% of ECSPs reported feeling pressure to practice outside their boundaries of competence because they did not have access to mentoring or supervision, suggesting a potential ethical concern. Results demonstrate the need to provide more supervision and mentoring opportunities for ECSPs, particularly given the National Association of School Psychologist's requirement that first‐time Nationally Certified School Psychologist renewal applicants complete a year of mentoring or supervision. Implications of the results, strategies to support the barriers to access, and future directions for research are addressed.
Dualising consistent truncations
Authors: Malek Emanuel
Published: March 2016

We use exceptional field theory to establish a duality between certain consistent 7‐dimensional truncations with maximal SUSY from IIA to IIB. We use this technique to obtain new consistent truncations of IIB on S3 and and also give a no‐go theorem for the uplift of certain gaugings.