bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards sustainable development: a systematic review of the past decade’s literature on the social, environment and governance and universities in Latin America
Authors: Lima Clayton dos Santos , Kieling Debora Londero , Veiga Ávila Lucas , Paço Arminda , Zonatto Vinícius Costa da Silva
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse through a systematic literature review the evolution of the theme of environmental social and governance (ESG) in universities, correlating variables and presenting a panorama for Latin American universities.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a systematic literature review approach. The Web of Science database was used for data collection, and a set of keywords (Environmental, Social and Governance × Universities) and a classification method were used, resulting in 111 articles classified in the Zotero software. After classification, these publications were analysed in the VOSviewer software.

Findings

The main evidence about ESG and universities shows that its relevance has been growing worldwide with an emphasis on England, the USA, Spain, followed by Brazil in fourth place regarding the number of papers published worldwide. The most representative areas identified were governance, sustainability, higher education, sustainable campus, environmental science, ecology, science and technology. The journals presenting more published papers under the topic are International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Journal of Cleaner Production and Sustainability. As for the most relevant authors, the Europeans Lozano and Leal Filho, Velasquez from Mexico and Brandli from Brazil were identified. As for institutions, the University Durham, State University System of Florida and State University of Campinas do Brazil stand out.

Research limitations/implications

As the main limitation of the study is related to the sample of articles. This study is focused on the analysis of publications from the last decade, presenting only 111 results. However, this restriction in the timeline is justified as it is a new topic; this study was also limited to the use of a single database; in this sense, future research can carry out a more comprehensive review of the sustainability literature covering periods prior to a decade and an analysis in other databases.

Originality/value

These results provide a basis for improving sustainability in universities and ESG in Latin America. It also allows to explore and reflect on several indicators, enabling the evaluation and planning of actions to improve competitiveness.
An investigation on adaptive sculpting for the thin-walled surface parts using on-machine measurement
Authors: Lin Shengtao , Zhao Zhengcai
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Complex and exquisite patterns are sculpted on the surface to beautify the parts. Due to the thin-walled nature, the blank of the part is often deformed by the forming and clamping processes, disabling the nominal numerical control (NC) sculpting programs. To address this problem, a fast adaptive sculpting method of the complex surface is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The geometry of the blank surface is measured using on-machine measurement (OMM). The real blank surface is reconstructed using the non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) method. The angle-based flattening (ABF) algorithm is used to flatten the reconstructed blank surface. The dense points are extracted from the pattern on the image using the OpenCV library. Then, the dense points are quickly located on the complex surfaces to generate the tool paths.

Findings

By flattening the reconstructed surface and creating the mapping between the contour points and the planar mesh triangular patches, the tool paths can be regenerated to keep the contour of the pattern on the deformed thin-walled surface.

Originality/value

The proposed method can adjust the tool paths according to the deformation of the thin-walled part. The consistency of sculpting patterns is improved.
Effectual entrepreneurship, ethics and suboptimal service designs
Authors: Szkudlarek Betina , Nguyen Linh , Leung Aegean
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to respond to repeated calls for more process-focused research on effectual entrepreneurship. It illustrates how effectuation takes place, particularly through gaining the commitment of actors with diverse resources, knowledge and needs in a context characterized by power disparities. It illuminates the ethical concerns faced by effectual entrepreneurs and the impact these concerns could have on the service design.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative investigation involved in-depth interviews with 30 intercultural trainers-entrepreneurs delivering repatriation training in the context of international assignments. The authors supplemented primary data with the analysis of training and promotional materials.

Findings

The authors identify four key elements of the effectual process, in which entrepreneurs aim to elicit commitment while reconciling potentially conflicting demands of the actors involved: surfacing needs; value framing; co-creation; and joint affordable loss. The authors show how the acquisition of commitment has a consequential impact on subsequent steps of effectual entrepreneurship. The authors highlight how the interdependence of entrepreneurs, their services, clients and end-users impacts the availability of means and goals. More importantly, the authors also demonstrate how resource dependence, knowledge disparities and power imbalance between actors partaking in effectual entrepreneurship can lead to numerous ethical concerns and result in suboptimal service designs.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates the dark side of effectual entrepreneurship in a resource-constrained environment. The authors show how power disparities and resource-dependence can lead to ethical dilemmas and inferior service designs, where entrepreneurs follow the lead of influential and resource-abundant stakeholders at the expense of the end-users.
Prognosticating anthropomorphic chatbots' usage intention as an e-banking customer service gateway: cogitations from Zimbabwe
Authors: Nyagadza Brighton , Muposhi Asphat , Mazuruse Gideon , Makoni Tendai , Chuchu Tinashe , Maziriri Eugine T. , Chare Anyway
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors that explain the reasons why customers may be willing to use chatbots in Zimbabwe as an e-banking customer service gateway, an area that remains under researched.

Design/methodology/approach

The research study applied a cross-sectional survey of 430 customers from five selected commercial banks conducted in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.

Findings

The research study showed that a counterintuitive intention to use chatbots is directly affected by chatbots' expected performance, the habit of using them and other factors.

Research limitations/implications

To better appreciate the current research concept, there is a need to replicate the same study in other contexts to enhance generalisability.

Practical implications

Chatbots are a trending new technology and are starting to be increasingly adopted by banks and they have to consider that customers need to get used to them.

Originality/value

This study contributes to bridging the knowledge gap as it investigates the factors that explain why bank customers may be willing to use chatbots in five selected commercial Zimbabwean banks. This is a pioneering study in the context of a developing economy such as Zimbabwe.
The effects of physical environment design on the dimensions of emotional well-being: a qualitative study from the perspective of design and retail managers
Authors: Khaneja Suyash , Hussain Shahzeb , Melewar T.C. , Foroudi Pantea
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to use place identity theory to examine the concept of physical environment design (PED) and its effects on consumers’ emotional well-being (EWB) dimensions such as sensorium, behaviour and happiness.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a qualitative approach. Thirty interviews were conducted among participants drawn from the city of London, which is one of the flourishing and world’s most famous international trade centre, providing paramount access to the global market. The data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings suggest that PED is defined precisely using the terms like atmosphere, appealing, attractive, impressing, inviting, ambient, compelling and design cues. The findings also suggest that PED has a positive effect on consumers’ sensorium, behaviour and happiness. However, these effects are lower when the retail stores have unwelcoming themes than when they have mesmerising PED. The different names can also be advantageous, specifically when online shopping dominates today’s retail industry. The findings also illustrate that the theoretical model used in this study is valid and suggest that PED has positive effects on consumers’ sensorium, behaviour and happiness.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, while other authors tried to identify the effect of PED on consumers buying behaviour, this study is the first one to show how PED effects consumers’ sensorium, behaviour and happiness. The results of personal interviews highlight the importance of design elements and a gap in the application of novel elements to improve consumers’ sensorium, behaviour and happiness.
Wildland urban interface of the City of Cape Town 1990–2019
Authors: Christ Sven , Schwarz Nina , Sliuzas Richard
Published: March 2022

Wildfire affecting urban areas at the wildland urban interface (WUI) is a growing global concern, where management is important for urban residents as well as wildland vegetation. We used a socio‐ecological system perspective to investigate the interactions of urban land with a fire‐dependent wildland in South Africa’s City of Cape Town (CoCT). We examined changes in population growth, land cover change and related WUI footprint, occurrence of large fires, and related policies over time. We used Landsat data to track changes over the period 1990–2019 in the formal and informal urban and wildland footprint, census data to track changes in population, and difference normalised burn ratio and MODIS burned area product to track large fires. The urban footprint has expanded greatly and through consolidation has led to the reduction of the WUI. Furthermore, evidence points to an increase in fire suppression, even though national policies ask for wildfires to run their course where possible and appropriate. As a result of pressure from urban residents, local managers prefer short term fire suppression to long term risk reduction for urban areas and ecological management of wildland. Framing the problem as a socio‐ecological system enabled us to highlight how WUI management is a product of interaction between urban development, wildland type and policies. Our findings emphasise the point that wildland management is driven by urban residents and local municipalities, with national fire and disaster management policies not fully implemented.
Gender in Human Resources: Hiding in plain sight
Authors: Ainsworth Susan , Pekarek Andreas
Published: March 2022

This paper argues an important aspect of Human Resources (HR) as an occupation has been largely overlooked by mainstream and critical scholars alike: its gendered qualities. Gender is ‘hiding in plain sight’ in the sense that its high concentration of women is obvious but has attracted only sporadic academic commentary. We suggest rather than simply a ‘feminised’ area of management, contemporary HR is a complex mix of both masculine‐coded and feminine‐coded values, priorities and norms derived from earlier traditions of welfare and personnel management as well as the later influence of strategic management. Attention to this gendered complexity can help us understand how the HR occupation is experienced in everyday interactions and provide an alternative perspective that enriches Critical Human Resource Management.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal laterally spreading tumors: Clinical outcomes and predictors of technical difficulty
Authors: Zhu Min , Xu Yao , Yu Li , Niu Ying Lin , Ji Ming , Li Peng , Shi Hai Yun , Zhang Shu Tian
Published: March 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and the factors related to technical difficulty.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent ESD for colorectal LSTs between June 2013 and January 2019 were retrospectively included. Factors associated with difficult ESD procedures (defined as conversion to piecemeal resection or discontinuation of endoscopic procedure), and dissection with a slow speed (<8 mm2/min), were determined using the logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 325 patients with 342 colorectal LSTs (median size 20.0 mm) were enrolled. The proportions of granular (LST‐G) and non‐granular LST (LST‐NG) were 62.9% and 37.1%, respectively. The overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 89.8% and 81.9%, respectively. The endoscopic procedure was discontinued in four lesions (1.2%), and 31 (9.1%) converted to piecemeal resection because of technical difficulty. Using multivariate analysis, positive non‐lifting sign (odds ratio [OR] 19.9, P < 0.001), tumor size ≥20 mm (OR 10.0, P < 0.001), and less experienced endoscopists (OR 3.7, P = 0.005) were independent factors for technically difficult procedure. Positive non‐lifting sign (OR 3.7, P = 0.004), lesion size <20 mm (OR 3.7, P < 0.001), LST‐NG type (OR 1.8, P = 0.034), and less colorectal ESD experience (OR 1.9, P = 0.016) were independent factors of slow‐speed dissection.

Conclusions

ESD was feasible and safe for treating colorectal LSTs. Positive non‐lifting sign and tumor ≥20 mm indicated difficult ESD procedures. Technical failure was more likely to occur in lesions resected by less‐experienced endoscopists. Dissection speed might be improved with more experienced operators.
Establishment of a faecal DNA quantification technique for rare and cryptic diet constituents in small mammals
Authors: Groen Kevin , Trimbos Krijn B. , Hein Susanne , Blaauw Astrid I. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Hahne Joerg , Jacob Jens
Published: March 2022

DNA‐based approaches have greatly improved the applicability of dietary studies aimed at investigating ecological processes. These studies have provided direct insights into, otherwise difficult to measure, interactions between species and trophic levels, food web structure and ecosystem functioning. However, despite these advances, DNA‐based methods have struggled to accurately quantify the whole breadth of diet constituents because of methodological biases, such as amplification bias and digestive processes. The present study is, to our knowledge, the first diet study to use droplet digital PCR to quantify diet constituents. We manipulated the diet of wild‐caught wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) by feeding them with a known amount of small vegetable seeds (onion and carrot) and quantified the DNA traces of these diet constituents in faecal samples. The sensitivity of the technique combined with the control on the experimental design allowed mitigation of methodological bias. We were able to accurately determine DNA concentrations of small vegetable seeds in the diet of wood mice. Quantification of target DNA demonstrated significant differences in DNA content when one vs. five seeds were consumed. These differences remained significant when the age, sex and other diet constituents of the mice were altered. Different DNA markers, targeting different parts of the chloroplast, influenced onion DNA detectability. However, all onion and carrot markers showed higher DNA content for higher seed numbers. Overall, the sensitive DNA‐based approach developed in this study allows for minimally invasive quantification of small diet constituents in faeces, which would otherwise be undetectable with traditional methods.
The Lon protease negatively regulates pyoluteorin biosynthesis through the Gac/Rsm‐RsmE cascade and directly degrades the transcriptional activator PltR in Pseudomonas protegens H78
Authors: Wang Zheng , Huang Xianqing , Nie Chenxi , Xiang Tao , Zhang Xuehong
Published: March 2022

Pyoluteorin (Plt) is a broad‐spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial and antifungal activities. In Pseudomonas protegens H78, the Plt biosynthetic operon pltLABCDEFG is transcriptionally activated by the LysR‐type regulator PltR and is positively regulated by the Gac/Rsm signal transduction cascade (GacS/A‐RsmXYZ‐RsmE‐pltR/pltAB). Additionally, Plt biosynthesis has been shown to be significantly enhanced by mutation of the Lon protease‐encoding gene. This study aims to understand the negative regulation pathway and molecular mechanism by which Lon functions in Plt biosynthesis. lon deletion was first found to improve the antimicrobial ability of strain H78 due to its increased Plt production, while partially inhibiting the growth of H78 strain. Lon protease decreases the abundance and stability of the two‐component system response regulator GacA and thus participates in the abovementioned Gac/Rsm cascade and negatively regulates Plt biosynthesis. Similarly, Lon protease also decreases the abundance and stability of transcriptional activator PltR. PltR protein can be directly degraded by the Lon protease but not by a mutated form of Lon protease with an amino acid replacement of S674‐A. In summary, Lon protease negatively regulates Plt biosynthesis via both the Gac/Rsm‐mediated global regulatory pathway and the direct degradation of the transcriptional activator PltR in P. protegens H78.
Persistence Against the Odds: How Entrepreneurial Agents Helped the UN Joint Inspection Unit to Prevail
Authors: Heldt Eugénia C. , Mello Patrick A. , Novoselova Anna , Ramon Serrano Oswald Omar
Published: March 2022

Since its inception in 1966, the United Nations Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) has prevailed in the face of significant existential challenges. Against this backdrop, we investigate how and why the JIU persisted over time. Combining delegation and historical institutionalist approaches, we posit that entrepreneurial agents and layering processes together help us better understand persistence of international organizations. Based on semi‐structured interviews with UN staff and JIU inspectors, we examine three critical junctures in the history of the JIU. Our results show that entrepreneurial agents and stakeholders in the JIU managed to avoid the closure or demotion of the JIU by engaging in a strategy of institutional layering. Our analysis, however, also demonstrates that the JIU survived at the price of losing its privilege as the central UN oversight body. These findings have implications for the study of international organizations and for the reform of the UN system at large.
Establishment and characterization of a novel highly malignant lung cancer cell line ZX2021H derived from a metastatic lymph node lesion
Authors: Zu Lingling , Li Xuebing , He Jinling , Zhou Ning , Meng Fanrong , Li Xiaozhou , Xu Song , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2022

Background

Lung cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The establishment of faithful ex vivo cell models is essential for investigating the metastatic mechanisms and developing new anticancer agents. In this study, we established and characterized a novel lung cancer cell line derived from metastatic lymph node tissue from a Chinese patient.

Methods

A primary culture of metastatic lymph node tissue from a patient with lung cancer was used to establish a cell line. The phenotypic characteristics of the cell line were characterized by colony‐formation, CCK8, and Transwell assays, and xenografting. The genetic characteristics were evaluated by chromosome analysis, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling, and quantitative real time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).

Results

A novel lung cancer cell line, named ZX2021H, was successfully established from a metastatic lymph node lesion from a lung cancer patient. The cell line exhibited high capacities for proliferation and invasion, as validated by its phenotypic and genetic characteristics. This cell line had a unique STR profile and karyotype analysis revealed numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. The growth rate of in vivo xenografted tumors established using ZX2021H cells was higher than that using H1299 cells. The cell stemness‐related gene SOX2 was overexpressed in ZX2021 compared with H1299 cells, as determined by qRT‐PCR.

Conclusion

We successfully established a novel, highly malignant lung cancer cell line, ZX2021H, derived from metastatic lymph node tissue from a Chinese lung cancer patient. This cell line may provide an ideal cell model for further studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer metastasis and for the development of new anticancer agents.
The quest for a good life: Incense seeing and the porous and dividual hoping person in North China
Authors: Qu Ray
Published: March 2022

The focus on human intention and action in anthropological studies of hope has made it difficult to attend to the aspects of a hopeful life that lie outside a hoping person's purpose and control. This article brings the concepts of porous and dividual personhood into conversation with the fast‐growing literature on hope to explore how spiritual forces shape the hoping person and the practices of hope for a good life in North China's Xia County. The lived experience of my Chinese interlocutors calls attention to the fact that hoping persons are often entangled in extended relationships with spiritual forces as well as other humans. An extended relational framework allows us to attend more carefully to the contingency and complexity of hope, and brings a more nuanced lens to personhood, one that rejects the Enlightenment idea that persons are autonomous, bounded agents, fully in charge of their own worlds.
Enhancing well‐being and alleviating depressive symptoms in people with HIV/AIDS: An intervention based on if–then plans with self‐affirming cognitions
Authors: Łakuta Patryk , Krankowska Dagny , Marcinkiewicz Przemysław , Bociąga‐Jasik Monika , Komorska‐Błażewicz Agnieszka
Published: March 2022

Effective antiretroviral treatment has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, and currently, the challenges of prominent importance appear to be mental health issues. This preregistered study among adults living with HIV/AIDS investigated the effectiveness of a brief self‐affirmation intervention framed in terms of if–then plans (i.e. self‐affirming implementation intentions [S‐AII]) against both active and non‐active control conditions, forming non‐affirming implementation intentions and mere goal intentions, respectively. The primary outcomes were defined as a reduction of depressive symptoms and enhancement of well‐being, along with secondary outcomes as positive other‐ and self‐directed feelings. A total of 162 individuals were assessed for eligibility, and 130 (aged 18–74 years) were randomized to the study conditions. Intervention effects were estimated through intention‐to‐treat analysis, using linear mixed models. The S‐AII intervention yielded improvements in overall well‐being over 2 weeks (d = .23), primarily driven by positive changes in emotional (d = .24) and social (d = .30) dimensions of well‐being. There were no significant differences in depression or secondary outcomes. Based on a minimal clinically important difference index, the S‐AII intervention resulted in improvement in well‐being in approximately 40 percent of participants. Nevertheless, further systematic research is needed to optimize self‐affirmation‐interventions, before their application in real‐life contexts.
More Schooling, More Generous? Estimating the Effect of Education on Intergenerational Transfers†
Authors: Yin Ting , Zhang Junchao
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the causal effect of education on intergenerational transfers from/to adult children. Using micro‐data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we use exogenous variations in parents' schooling induced by China's Great Famine to take account of the endogeneity of education and then estimate the effect of schooling on the probability of receiving/giving transfers from/to adult children. The instrumental variable estimates show that an additional year of schooling has a negative effect on the probability of receiving transfers but a positive effect on the probability of giving transfers at old age. Our results have some implications regarding social security and education policies in aging societies.
Investigating the utility of the COM‐B and TM model to explain changes in eating behaviour during pregnancy: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rockliffe Lauren , Peters Sarah , Smith Debbie M. , Heal Calvin , Heazell Alexander E. P.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Pregnancy has been described as a ‘teachable moment’ for behaviour change, which presents an important opportunity for health promotion within antenatal care settings. However, no pregnancy‐specific model has been developed or tested in the context of health behaviour change during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate and compare the utility of the Capability‐Opportunity‐Motivation Behaviour (COM‐B) and Teachable Moments (TM) models, to explain health behaviour change during pregnancy, within the context of eating behaviour.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Methods

Five hundred and sixteen women completed a survey at between 12–16 weeks gestation (T1). Follow‐up data were collected at 20–24 weeks (T2), 36–40 weeks (T3), and 6–12 weeks postnatally (T4). The primary outcome was eating behaviour. To assess the utility of the COM‐B model, perceived capability, opportunity, and motivation to eat healthily were measured. To assess the utility of the TM model, risk perceptions, self‐image, and affective response were measured.

Results

Overall, the COM‐B model explained 18.4% of the variance in eating behaviour, whilst the TM model explained 9%. Both models explained the most variance in eating behaviour at T1 and T3, compared with T2 and T4. Small changes were observed in eating behaviour and the model constructs over the time period studied, although these were not clinically meaningful.

Conclusions

Neither the COM‐B nor TM model provide a satisfactory explanation of eating behaviour during pregnancy, however the findings suggest that certain stages of pregnancy may create more salient opportunities for behaviour change. The findings also support claims that motivation may not play a key role in directing eating behaviour during pregnancy. Further research is needed to explore the role of timing in antenatal behaviour change. The development of a pregnancy‐specific model is necessary to optimise understanding of pregnancy as a teachable moment for behaviour change.
NeRF‐Tex: Neural Reflectance Field Textures
Authors: Baatz H. , Granskog J. , Papas M. , Rousselle F. , Novák J.
Published: March 2022

We investigate the use of neural fields for modelling diverse mesoscale structures, such as fur, fabric and grass. Instead of using classical graphics primitives to model the structure, we propose to employ a versatile volumetric primitive represented by a neuralreflectancefield (NeRF‐Tex), which jointly models the geometry of the material and its response to lighting. The NeRF‐Tex primitive can be instantiated over a base mesh to ‘texture’ it with the desired meso and microscale appearance. We condition the reflectance field on user‐defined parameters that control the appearance. A single NeRF texture thus captures an entire space of reflectance fields rather than one specific structure. This increases the gamut of appearances that can be modelled and provides a solution for combating repetitive texturing artifacts. We also demonstrate that NeRF textures naturally facilitate continuous level‐of‐detail rendering. Our approach unites the versatility and modelling power of neural networks with the artistic control needed for precise modelling of virtual scenes. While all our training data are currently synthetic, our work provides a recipe that can be further extended to extract complex, hard‐to‐model appearances from real images.
Histological and dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction when using collagen matrix and collagen‐embedded xenogenic bone substitute: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gabay Eran , Katorza Anat , Zigdon‐Giladi Hdar , Horwitz Jacob , Machtei Eli E.
Published: March 2022

Aim

To assess the horizontal and vertical dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge when using a collagen matrix in combination with collagen embedded xenogenic bone substitute, in comparison with natural healing after tooth extraction.

Methods

Patients that required extraction in non‐molars areas were included. Test group‐15 sockets were treated with deproteinized bovine bone mineral containing 10% collagen (DBBM‐C), covered by a procaine collagen membrane (CMXs). Control group‐15 sockets left for spontaneous healing. We used a custom‐made acrylic stent as a reference for alveolar ridge measurements. Six‐month postoperative, a single implant was placed in the experimental site. A core biopsy was taken from the site, using a trephine bur. Histomorphometric analysis assessed bone area, connective tissue, bone marrow, and residual bone graft.

Results

Six months later, horizontal ridge width at −3 mm showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in both groups albeit smaller in the test group 1.19 ± 1.55 mm, compared with the control 2.27 ± 1.52 (p = 0.087). At −5 mm sub‐crestally, statistically non‐significant reduction was noted in both groups, 1.61 ± 1.53 and 1.96 ± 1.52 mm for the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.542). Vertical changes were smaller in the test group (0.14 ± 1.84 mm) compared with control (0.98 ± 1.49 mm). Keratinized tissue (KT) width was 7.3 ± 2.13 and 7.5 ± 3.49 mm in the test and control groups, respectively. Newly formed bone occupied 33.79 ± 17.37% and 51.14 ± 23.04% in the test and control groups, respectively, (p = 0.11). Connective tissue volume was 33.74 ± 13.81% and 30.12 ± 18.32% in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.65). Bone marrow occupied 19.57 ± 10.26% and 18.74 ± 17.15% in the test and control groups, respectively (p = 0.91). Residual graft occupied 12.9 ± 9.88% in the test group.

Conclusion

Alveolar ridge preservation using DBBM‐C resulted in reductions of the vertical and horizontal dimensions albeit not reaching statistical significance. The larger than anticipated standard deviation and smaller inter‐group differences might account for this phenomenon.
The effect of preoperative stoma site marking on risk of stoma‐related complications in patients with intestinal ostomy — A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ambe Peter C. , Kugler Charlotte Mareike , Breuing Jessica , Grohmann Erich , Friedel Julia , Hess Simone , Pieper Dawid
Published: March 2022

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative stoma site marking on stoma‐related complications in patients with intestinal ostomy.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINHAL, and Google Scholar were searched up to August 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomised studies of interventions (NRSI) that involved patients with intestinal ostomies comparing preoperative stoma site marking to no marking and which reported at least one patient‐relevant outcome. Outcomes were prioritised by stakeholder involvement. Random‐effects meta‐analyses produced odds ratios (ORs) or standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The ROBINS‐I tool and the GRADE approach were used to assess the risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively.

Results

This review included two RCTs and 25 NRSI. The risk of bias was high in RCTs and serious to critical in NRSI. Although preoperative site marking reduced stoma‐related complications (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: [0.31–0.65]), dependence on professional or unprofessional care (narrative synthesis), and increased health‐related quality of life (SMD: 1.13 [0.38–1.88]), the evidence is very uncertain. Preoperative site marking may probably reduce leakage (OR: 0.14 [0.06–0.37]) and may decrease dermatological complications (OR: 0.38 [0.29–0.50]) and surgical revision (OR: 0.09 [0.02–0.49]). The confidence in the cumulative evidence was moderate to very low.

Conclusion

Despite low quality evidence, preoperative stoma site marking can prevent stoma‐related complications and should be performed in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery given that this intervention poses no harm to patients.
Warm (for Winter): Inferring Comparison Classes in Communication
Authors: Tessler Michael Henry , Goodman Noah D.
Published: March 2022

The meanings of natural language utterances depend heavily on context. Yet, what counts as context is often only implicit in conversation. The utterance it's warm outside signals that the temperature outside is relatively high, but the temperature could be high relative to a number of different comparison classes: other days of the year, other weeks, other seasons, etc. Theories of context sensitivity in language agree that the comparison class is a crucial variable for understanding meaning, but little is known about how a listener decides upon the comparison class. Using the case study of gradable adjectives (e.g., warm), we extend a Bayesian model of pragmatic inference to reason flexibly about the comparison class and test its qualitative predictions in a large‐scale free‐production experiment. We find that human listeners infer the comparison class by reasoning about the kinds of observations that would be remarkable enough for a speaker to mention, given the speaker and listener's shared knowledge of the world. Further, we quantitatively synthesize the model and data using Bayesian data analysis, which reveals that usage frequency and a preference for basic‐level categories are two main factors in comparison class inference. This work presents new data and reveals the mechanisms by which human listeners recover the relevant aspects of context when understanding language.
Do Children Use Multi‐Word Information in Real‐Time Sentence Comprehension?
Authors: Abu‐Zhaya Rana , Arnon Inbal , Borovsky Arielle
Published: March 2022

Meaning in language emerges from multiple words, and children are sensitive to multi‐word frequency from infancy. While children successfully use cues from single words to generate linguistic predictions, it is less clear whether and how they use multi‐word sequences to guide real‐time language processing and whether they form predictions on the basis of multi‐word information or pairwise associations. We address these questions in two visual‐world eye‐tracking experiments with 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children. In Experiment 1, we asked whether children generate more robust predictions for the sentence‐final object of highly frequent sequences (e.g., “Throw the ball”), compared to less frequent sequences (e.g., “Throw the book”). We further examined if gaze patterns reflect event knowledge or phrasal frequency by comparing the processing of phrases that have the same event structure but differ in multi‐word content (e.g., “Brush your teeth” vs. “Brush her teeth”). In the second study, we employed a training paradigm to ask if children are capable of generating predictio.ns from novel multi‐word associations while controlling for the overall frequency of the sequences. While the results of Experiment 1 suggested that children primarily relied on event associations to generate real‐time predictions, those of Experiment 2 showed that the same children were able to use recurring novel multi‐word sequences to generate real‐time linguistic predictions. Together, these findings suggest that children can draw on multi‐word information to generate linguistic predictions, in a context‐dependent fashion, and highlight the need to account for the influence of multi‐word sequences in models of language processing.
Multistep pathogenesis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in patients
Authors: Geissler Klaus , Jäger Eva , Barna Agnes , Gurbisz Michael , Marschon Renate , Graf Temeida , Nösslinger Thomas , Pfeilstöcker Michael , Machherndl‐Spandl Sigrid , Stauder Reinhard , Zebisch Armin , Sill Heinz , Öhler Leopold , Kusec Rajko , Hoermann Gregor , Valent Peter
Published: March 2022

Background

A multistep pathogenesis of myeloid leukemia including mutations in epigenetic, spliceosome, and signaling genes has been recently demonstrated in a preclinical model but is poorly validated in patients.

Methods

Clinical, phenotypic, and biologic features were compared between three distinct molecularly defined CMML cohorts including TET2 monomutated patients (T, n = 10), TET2/SRSF2 bimutated patients (TS, n = 19), and patients who had NRAS mutations in addition to TET2/SRSF2 comutations (TSN, n = 14).

Results

Median survival was 90, 45, and 9 months, respectively (p = .001). Whereas no patient in the T and TS group transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 6/14 patients in the TSN group had AML at study entry or transformed during follow‐up. Leukocyte counts, blast cell counts, and LDH levels were significantly higher in TSN vs. TS and T, respectively, whereas hemoglobin and platelet values were not significantly different. Increased growth factor‐independent myeloid colony formation was restricted to TSN but not found in T and TS, respectively. The proportion of patients showing in vitro myelomonocytic skewing in T, TS, and TSN was 0%, 56%, and 100%, respectively (p = .010).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that the model of multistep pathogenesis in CMML can be recapitulated in patients regarding clinical, phenotypic, and biologic features.
Healthcare resource utilization trends in patients with acute myeloid leukemia ineligible for intensive chemotherapy receiving first‐line systemic treatment or best supportive care: A multicenter international study
Authors: Ito Tomoki , Sanford David , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Hsiao Hui‐Hua , Olivera Leonardo José Enciso , Enjeti Anoop Kumar , Conca Alberto Gimenez , del Castillo Teresa Bernal , Girshova Larisa , Martelli Maria Paola , Guvenc Birol , Bui Cat N. , Delgado Alex , Duan Yinghui , Guijarro Belen Garbayo , Llamas Cynthia , Lee Je‐Hwan
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This retrospective chart review examined real‐world healthcare resource utilization (HRU) in patients with AML ineligible for intensive therapy who received first‐line systemic therapy or best supportive care (BSC).

Methods

Data were collected anonymously on patients with AML who initiated first‐line hypomethylating agents (HMA), low‐dose cytarabine (LDAC), other systemic therapy, or BSC. HRU endpoints included hospitalizations, outpatient consultations, transfusions, and supportive care.

Results

Of 1762 patients included, 46% received HMA, 11% received LDAC, 17% received other systemic therapy, 26% received BSC; median treatment durations were 118, 35, 33, and 57 days, respectively. Most patients were hospitalized, most commonly for treatment administration, transfusion, or infection (HMA 82%, LDAC 93%, other systemic therapy 83%, BSC 83%). A median number of hospitalizations were 2–6 across systemic groups and two for BSC, with median durations of 8–18 days. Transfusion rates and outpatient consultations were highest for HMA (80% and 79%) versus LDAC (57% and 53%), other systemic therapy (57% and 63%), and BSC (71% and 66%). Antivirals/antibiotics and antifungals were used more frequently than growth factors (72–92%, 34–63%, and 7–27%, respectively).

Conclusion

Patients with AML ineligible for intensive therapy have high HRU; novel therapies are needed to alleviate this burden.
Climate change induces carbon loss of arable mineral soils in boreal conditions
Authors: Heikkinen Jaakko , Keskinen Riikka , Kostensalo Joel , Nuutinen Visa
Published: March 2022

One‐fourth of the global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in the boreal region, where climate change is predicted to be faster than the global average. Planetary warming is accelerated if climate change promotes SOC release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. However, the soil carbon‐climate feedbacks have been poorly confirmed by SOC measurements despite their importance on global climate. In this study, we used data collected as part of the Finnish arable soil monitoring program to study the influence of climate change, management practices, and historical land use on changes in SOC content using a Bayesian approach. Topsoil samples (n = 385) collected nationwide in 2009 and 2018 showed that SOC content has decreased at the rate of 0.35% year−1 on average. Based on the Bayesian modeling of our data, we can say with a certainty of 79%–91% that increase in summertime (May–Sep) temperature has resulted in SOC loss while increased precipitation has resulted in SOC loss with a certainty of 90%–97%. The exact percentages depend on the climate dataset used. Historical land use was found to influence the SOC content for decades after conversion to cropland. Former organic soils with a high SOC‐to‐fine‐fraction ratio were prone to high SOC loss. In fields with long cultivation history (>100 years), however, the SOC‐to‐fine‐fraction ratio had stabilized to approximately 0.03–0.04 and the changes in SOC content leveled off. Our results showed that, although arable SOC sequestration can be promoted by diversifying crop rotations and by cultivating perennial grasses, it is unlikely that improved management practices are sufficient to counterbalance the climate change‐induced SOC losses in boreal conditions. This underlines the importance of the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to avoid the acceleration of planetary warming.
Role of hydrodynamics in shaping chemical habitats and modulating the responses of coastal benthic systems to ocean global change
Authors: Noisette Fanny , Pansch Christian , Wall Marlene , Wahl Martin , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: March 2022

Marine coastal zones are highly productive, and dominated by engineer species (e.g. macrophytes, molluscs, corals) that modify the chemistry of their surrounding seawater via their metabolism, causing substantial fluctuations in oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, pH, and nutrients. The magnitude of these biologically driven chemical fluctuations is regulated by hydrodynamics, can exceed values predicted for the future open ocean, and creates chemical patchiness in subtidal areas at various spatial (µm to meters) and temporal (minutes to months) scales. Although the role of hydrodynamics is well explored for planktonic communities, its influence as a crucial driver of benthic organism and community functioning is poorly addressed, particularly in the context of ocean global change. Hydrodynamics can directly modulate organismal physiological activity or indirectly influence an organism's performance by modifying its habitat. This review addresses recent developments in (i) the influence of hydrodynamics on the biological activity of engineer species, (ii) the description of chemical habitats resulting from the interaction between hydrodynamics and biological activity, (iii) the role of these chemical habitat as refugia against ocean acidification and deoxygenation, and (iv) how species living in such chemical habitats may respond to ocean global change. Recommendations are provided to integrate the effect of hydrodynamics and environmental fluctuations in future research, to better predict the responses of coastal benthic ecosystems to ongoing ocean global change.
Identification of early abandonment in cropland through radar‐based coherence data and application of a Random‐Forest model
Authors: Meijninger Wouter , Elbersen Berien , van Eupen Michiel , Mantel Stephan , Ciria Pilar , Parenti Andrea , Sanz Gallego Marina , Perez Ortiz Paloma , Acciai Marco , Monti Andrea
Published: March 2022

In the context of increased pressures on land for food and non‐food production, it is relevant to understand better, which land resources have become unused and abandoned and where these lands are. Data on where these lands are and what their extend is are not collected in regular statistics. In this paper, we present an approach to detect signs of abandonment in cropping land using radar coherence data. The methodology was tested in the Spanish regions of Albacete and Soria where agricultural land abandonment is a common process. The results show that land abandonment detection using radar coherence data works well for the region of Albacete in arable lands. The radar‐based analysis is a relatively simple method to detect land abandonment in an early to longer term state and can therefore be applied once developed and tested further in other regions to larger areas of the EU where land abandonment is serious and needs monitoring and policy response. The applicability of the method to Soria and Emilia Romagna (Italy) regions shows that there are still challenges to overcome to make the method more widely applicable for detecting land abandonment in other environmental zones of Europe. Lack of reliable training and validation data, like Land Parcel Identification Systems data, in regions is one of the challenges in this respect.
Policy‐driven education‐led gentrification and its spatiotemporal dynamics: Evidence from Shanghai, China
Authors: Cai Rong , Hu Lirong , He Shenjing
Published: March 2022

As a highly sought‐after resource by parents, quality schools exert a strong influence on the housing market and other aspects of social life worldwide. Given the long‐lasting prominence of education in urban society, scholars extensively explored the interplay between education and housing dynamics and their sociospatial implications, among which the scholarship on education‐led gentrification offers a prominent and productive conceptual lens. While the literature on education‐led gentrification in developed economies is proliferating, little is known about the dynamic linkages between school choice and residential segregation in developing contexts, including China. Drawing on a longitudinal housing transaction (2011–2020) dataset covering 762 residential neighbourhoods in Shanghai, the largest and most developed city in China, this research quantitatively examines the process of gentrification driven by the accessibility to educational resources and its spatiotemporal dynamics. Based on analyses employing hedonic price models and a geographically and temporally weighted regression model, this study reveals the uneven evolution of education‐led gentrification across space and time. Specifically, this study argues that the spatial variations in education‐led gentrification in Shanghai and its temporal changes are largely policy driven. This finding foregrounds schools as an important driver of gentrification rather than merely a “downstream effect” of the existing gentrification process, especially in recently gentrifying suburbs. Therefore, this study adds novel conceptual and empirical insights to the scholarship of education‐led gentrification in non‐Western contexts in particular and the literature on the geographies of education in general.
Conflict and salience as drivers of corporate lobbying? An elite survey experiment
Authors: Aizenberg Ellis
Published: March 2022

This paper argues that a high degree of conflict and a low degree of salience on a policy issue drives corporations to lobby alone rather than via a business association. Previous research has addressed drivers at organizational, sector and structural level. This paper adds an issue perspective. These arguments are important as democracies thrive when business employs its power in a responsible manner. When corporations lobby alone, it can be a challenge to do so as they tend to overlook long‐term interests of the broader business community and society. The arguments are tested for the first time in a corporatist context through an original survey experiment among corporate lobbyists in Germany and the Netherlands. The study finds support for the expectation on conflict, which is striking as it indicates that corporations prefer to lobby alone due to conflict even in contexts in which they are not incentivized to do so.