bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O gênero do cuidado de si: as implicações da dieta alimentar na comensalidade de diabéticos
Authors: Lopes Andréia Aparecida Ferreira
Published: June 2011

A partir da pesquisa de campo em uma associação de diabéticos na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, o artigo problematiza o fato de que nas situações de comensalidade no âmbito familiar, o cuidado de si representa um desafio para as práticas sociais do grupo pesquisado - homens e mulheres entre 53 e 90 anos. A prática do cuidado de si confronta as representações de gênero em torno do papel feminino de cuidadora, apontando para a quebra do circuito de troca familiar nos momentos de comensalidade.
Homens e violência conjugal: uma análise de estudos brasileiros
Authors: Oliveira Kátia Lenz Cesar de , Gomes Romeu
Published: June 2011

O estudo analisou qualitativamente 54 textos brasileiros sobre homens e violência conjugal, relacionados a atividades de pesquisa ou de intervenção. Primeiramente caracterizou-se o material quanto aos temas abordados, ao foco principal e ao tipo de texto. A seguir fizeram-se sínteses e análises das principais considerações dos textos a partir dos eixos temáticos encontrados: diferentes inteligibilidades da problemática, magnitude da violência conjugal, sentidos de homens relacionados à violência e intervenções e/ou políticas junto a homens agressores. A análise teve como parâmetro o ramo de discussões nacionais e internacionais que se esforça por ultrapassar a polêmica em torno da definição do problema como "violência de gênero" ou "violência conjugal", cunhando sobretudo o pressuposto de que existem diversos estilos de conjugalidade violenta. Concluiu-se que a maior unanimidade dos estudos é pensar a problemática como questão relacional de gênero. Defendeu-se, por fim, a ideia de que a escolha da melhor abordagem articuladora entre os polos da polêmica ainda demanda mais investigações, com metodologias qualitativas junto a atores de diferentes camadas e grupos sociais. Quanto às intervenções, propõem-se investimentos no maior número possível de alternativas, valorizando a singularidade dos casos.
Planejamento familiar: significado para mulheres em idade reprodutiva
Authors: Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Araújo Kelly Nóbrega Cavalcante de , Bastos Lya Araújo Costa , Moura Escolástica Rejane Ferreira
Published: June 2011

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender o significado do planejamento familiar dado por mulheres em idade reprodutiva, identificar suas percepções sobre a assistência recebida e a participação do parceiro nas decisões do uso do método anticoncepcional. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com 24 mulheres que participavam do Programa de Planejamento Familiar (PF) em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família de Fortaleza (Ceará), no período de agosto a outubro de 2007. As informações contidas nas entrevistas foram gravadas, organizadas em temáticas e analisadas com base no conceito de significado do interacionismo simbólico. Os resultados evidenciaram três temáticas significativas: o significado de planejamento familiar dado por mulheres em idade fértil; interações de mulheres em idade fértil em um serviço de planejamento familiar; e participação masculina no planejamento familiar conforme significado feminino. Constatou-se que o significado de planejamento familiar para essas mulheres está relacionado a evitar filhos e com valores pertinentes às suas realidades cultural, econômica e social. A assistência é recebida de forma isolada, não priorizando as necessidades da mulher, sem cunho educativo e emancipatório.
Prática do abortamento entre adolescentes: um estudo em dez escolas de Maceió (AL, Brasil)
Authors: Correia Divanise Suruagy , Cavalcante Jairo Calado , Egito Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do , Maia Eulália Maria Chaves
Published: June 2011

Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, realizado com o objetivo de investigar as razões que levaram adolescentes a provocarem o aborto, relacionando com idade e tipo de escola que frequentavam. A amostra foi calculada considerando o número de internações para curetagem pós-abortamento. Usou-se como instrumento um questionário semiestruturado, anônimo, aplicado em dez escolas, sorteadas dentre todas da cidade de Maceió (Alagoas), pesquisando-se adolescentes dos 12 aos 19 anos, do sexo feminino. Os dados foram analisados pelo Programa Epi Info, usando-se odds ratio e risco relativo para verificar associação entre variáveis e intervalo de confiança a 95%. Em uma amostra de 2.592 jovens, 559 (21,6%) tinham vida sexual ativa, 182 (7,0%) referiram ter engravidado e 149 (26,7%) abortado. Medo da reação dos pais, idade, falta de apoio do companheiro e rejeição da gravidez foram razões para provocar o aborto, sendo medo a mais citada, em ambos os tipos de escola. O aborto foi mais citado nas escolas públicas, sendo significativo e protetor o risco para abortar antes dos 15 anos, e significativa a relação entre abortar e estudar em escolas públicas. O medo da reação dos pais como razão mais frequente sugere a necessidade de novos estudos sobre sexualidade e comunicação entre pais e filhos.
Relação entre aleitamento materno e hábitos de sucção não nutritivos
Authors: Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Rocha Najara Barbosa , Garbin Artênio José Isper , Saliba Orlando
Published: June 2011

Este estudo objetivou identificar o tipo e o período de tempo de aleitamento recebido por crianças e verificar a associação com hábitos de sucção não nutritivos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, no qual foi aplicado um questionário em 330 mães ou responsáveis por crianças de 3 a 6 anos matriculadas em pré-escolas de Araçatuba (SP), após consentimento livre e esclarecido. Observou-se que 86,4% das mães amamentaram seus filhos. Quanto ao período de tempo, apenas 33,4% delas amamentaram exclusivamente no peito após seis meses de vida. O tempo médio de amamentação materna exclusiva recebida foi 3,84 meses e o de aleitamento complementar foi de 11,68 meses. Do total, 53,3% relataram que os filhos apresentavam hábitos de sucção não nutritivos, e destes 70,45% não foram amamentados exclusivamente no peito durante os seis primeiros meses de vida, existindo associação significativa entre os dois (p<0,05). O uso de chupeta foi o hábito mais frequente (44,4%), apresentando associação estatisticamente significante com o tempo de aleitamento (p<0,0001). Conclui-se que o aleitamento materno foi praticado, porém, por período de tempo inferior ao período considerado indispensável ao desenvolvimento do bebê, existindo associação entre tempo e tipo do aleitamento e hábitos de sucção não nutritivos.
Tendência e diferenciais socioeconômicos da mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero no Estado do Paraná (Brasil), 1980-2000
Authors: Müller Erildo Vicente , Biazevic Maria Gabriela Haye , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Crosato Edgard Michel
Published: June 2011

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a evolução da mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero no Estado do Paraná entre 1980 e 2000 e analisar seus diferenciais socioeconômicos em cada região. Taxas de mortalidade ajustadas por idade foram calculadas para as 22 regionais de saúde do Estado a cada ano. Análises comparativas avaliaram indicadores socioeconômicos associados com regiões que apresentaram tendência estacionária e crescente de mortalidade. A mortalidade por câncer de colo uterino cresceu no Estado como um todo a uma taxa de 1,68% (IC 1,20-2,17) ao ano. A maior parte das regiões apresentou tendência estacionária de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero. As regionais com tendência de aumento na mortalidade apresentaram proporção significativamente mais elevada de analfabetismo (p<0,001) e de adultos (15 anos ou mais) com menos de 4 anos de estudo (p=0,001), e renda per capita (p=0,025) e IDH (p=0,023) inferiores. Houve tendência de aumento na mortalidade em todo o Estado; as regiões que contribuíram para o aumento experimentaram piores indicadores socioeconômicos.
Perdas de oportunidades na prevenção do câncer de colo uterino durante o pré-natal
Authors: Gonçalves Carla Vitola , Duarte Geraldo , Costa Juvenal Soares Dias da , Quintana Silvana Maria , Marcolin Alessandra Cristina
Published: June 2011

A gravidez representa uma excelente oportunidade para prevenção do carcinoma cervical, já que o exame ginecológico faz parte da rotina de pré-natal. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, no qual foram entrevistadas 445 puérperas utilizando-se questionários padronizados. A prevalência de CP atualizado era de 38,9% no início da gestação, chegando a 59,1% no puerpério (p>0,001). As puérperas com 19 anos ou menos, não brancas, com escolaridade inferior a onze anos, com renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo, sexarca aos 15 anos ou menos, início do pré-natal após o primeiro trimestre e com o acompanhamento no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) apresentaram menor cobertura do citopatológico. Na análise ajustada, essas variáveis não mostraram significância associada à cobertura do citopatológico. Entretanto, a realização do pré-natal mostrou uma tendência à melhora da cobertura do CP com razão de prevalência de 1,18 (95%CI: 0,98-1,42). O serviço local de saúde mostrou-se pouco efetivo, revelando a necessidade de aumentar a cobertura do citopatológico, motivando e capacitando os profissionais quanto à importância dos procedimentos da rotina pré-natal.
Correlação e análise do coeficiente de trilha dos componentes do rendimento de sementes de grama-forquilha
Authors: Lopes Rodrigo Ramos , Franke Lúcia Brandão
Published: June 2011

Objetivou-se com este trabalho, por meio de uma análise de trilha para rendimento de sementes de grama-forquilha (Paspalum notatum Flügge var. notatum), obter informações básicas para utilização em estratégias de manejo para maior produção de sementes e, consequentemente, maior ressemeadura natural, proporcionando, assim, condições para maior persistência da espécie na pastagem. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: número de perfilhos vegetativos, número de perfilhos reprodutivos, número de racemos/inflorescência, número de sementes/inflorescência, peso de mil sementes e rendimento de sementes. A variável que mais se correlacionou com o rendimento de sementes foi o número de perfilhos reprodutivos (r = 0,94), e essa correlação se deu praticamente apenas pelo efeito direto dessa variável. Entre as demais variáveis, destacou-se o número de perfilhos vegetativos, com coeficiente de correlação de -0,83 e efeitos indiretos sobre os demais componentes do rendimento de sementes. O número de perfilhos reprodutivos parece ser a principal característica a ser considerada na busca de maior produção de sementes de Paspalum notatum.
Herbal extracts and symbiotic mixture replacing antibiotics in piglets at the initial phase
Authors: Zangeronimo Márcio Gilberto , Cantarelli Vinícius de Souza , Fialho Elias Tadeu , Amaral Níkolas de Oliveira , Silveira Hebert , Pereira Leandro de Melo , Pereira Luciano José
Published: June 2011

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of vegetable extract based addictives associated or not to symbiotics as an alternative for antibiotic as growth promoters for piglets at initial phase. It was used 125 pigs of commercial genetic line with initial weight of 7.4 ± 1.1 kg, weaned at 20 days of age, during 50 days. The experimental design used was randomized blocks (initial weight), with five treatments and five replicates with five animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets were a basal diet, without additive, and other four diets, one diet containing antibiotic (colistin + zinc oxide); diet with 0.3% of a symbiotic mixture; diet with 0.3% of a symbiotic mixture plus 0.05% of herbal mix (plant extracts and microencapsulated essential oils); and another diet with 0.3% of symbiotic mixture plus 0.1% of herbal mixture. It was observed that the use of the symbiotic mixture associated to 0.05% of herbal mixture showed positive results, similar to the ones obtained with diets containing antibiotics for the final weight, average weight gain, average daily feed intake and pH of stomach and diarrhea incidence. The use of symbiotics promoted smaller vilous:depth crypt ratio, except when associated to 0.1% of herbal mixture, which was similar to the diet without addictives. There was no differences in the feed conversion, coliform and lactobacillus count in the jejune and in the cecum and in the pH of cecum. The use of herbal mixture associated to symbiotic is a viable alternative for replacing the use of antibiotics as growth promoters for piglets in the initial phase. However, the concentration of the herbal mixture is an important factor to be considered.
Desempenho de cabras em lactação alimentadas com dietas com diferentes níveis de fibra oriundas de forragem com maturidade avançada
Authors: Branco Renata Helena , Rodrigues Marcelo Teixeira , Silva Márcia Maria Cândido da , Rodrigues Carla Aparecida Florentino , Queiroz Augusto César de , Araújo Fabiana Lana de
Published: June 2011

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem com maturidade avançada sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade da matéria seca e de nutrientes, o balanço de nitrogênio, a produção de leite, a eficiência de utilização da energia metabolizável e o comportamento ingestivo de cabras em lactação. Foram distribuídas cinco cabras em delineamento em quadrado latino 5 × 5 utilizando-se teores crescentes de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem como variável independente. As concentrações de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da foragem utilizadas foram 20, 28, 35, 43 e 49%. Os consumos de matéria seca, de nutrientes e de energia líquida reduziram com o aumento de fibra na ração. No entanto, o consumo de fibra em detergente foi crescente, indicando capacidade de acomodação desse componente nutritivo pelos animais. O teor de fibra influenciou os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta e dos carboidratos não-fibrosos, contudo, a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro não foi influenciada pelas dietas. O nível de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem não influenciou os constituintes do leite (gordura, proteína e lactose). O teor de fibra oriunda da forragem teve efeito quadrático sobre a produção de leite (corrigida e não corrigida para 4% de gordura), em kg/dia, com maiores produções obtidas com o teor de 28% de fibra. A eficiência de utilização da energia metabolizável não foi influenciada pelas variações nas dietas. O teor de fibra em detergente neutro oriunda da forragem influencia o comportamento ingestivo de cabras em lactação, aumentando os tempos de ruminação e mastigação e diminuindo o tempo em ócio dos animais.
Intake and performance of confined bovine fed fresh or ensilaged sugar cane based diets and corn silage
Authors: Menezes Gustavo Chamon de Castro , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Magalhães Felipe Antunes , Valadares Rilene Ferreira Diniz , Prados Laura Franco , Detmann Edenio , Pereira Odilon Gomes , Leão Maria Ignez
Published: June 2011

It was evaluated intake, total apparent digestibility, performance and feeding behavior of bovine fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane given fresh or crushed and given 72 hours after storage, ensilaged sugar cane with or without 1% of calcium oxide and concentrate at the proportion of 1% of the body weight. It was used 35 bovines, distributed in a random block design, with 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The animals were housed in collective stalls with troughs individualized by electronic gates. The animals fed diet with corn silage presented greater intake of all nutrients and greater total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, as well as greater weight gain and subcutaneous fat thickness. Animals fed diet with fresh sugar cane presented greater nutrient intake as well as better dry matter digestibility, ether extract and TDN content and a superior performance in relation to animals fed ensilaged sugar cane diets. Animals fed silage of sugar cane with calcium oxide presented greater digestibility of organic matter, NFC and content of TDN but they did not differ on performance in relation to the use of silage of sugar cane without calcium oxide. Intake and performance of animals did not change with or without storage of sugar cane. It was concluded that animals fed diets with corn silage present performances superior to the ones which are fed sugar cane based diets, and animals fed fresh sugar diet are superior to the animals fed diets with sugar cane silage.
Evaluation of neutral detergent fiber contents in forages, concentrates and cattle feces ground at different particle sizes and using bags made from different textiles
Authors: Valente Tiago Neves Pereira , Detmann Edenio , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Queiroz Augusto César de , Sampaio Cláudia Batista , Gomes Daiany Iris
Published: June 2011

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of particles sizes on contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by using nylon bags F57 (Ankom®) and non-woven textile (NWT 100 g/m²). In the first experiment, to check contents of NDF obtained with each one of the textilles, quantitative filter paper (purified cellulose) was used as analytical standard. The material was processed in a 1 or 2 mm and put in the bags in a ratio of 20 mg of dry matter/cm² of surface. The analyses were performed in a fiber analyser (Ankom220) and using a heat-stable a-amylase. No effects of particles sizes were found. In the second experiment, it was used samples of forage (signal grass hay, sugar cane, coastcross hay, corn straw, corn silage, and elephant grass at 50 and 250 days of growing after cutting), concentrate feeds (sorghum grain, gluten meal, citrus pulp, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn grain, whole soybean, and soybean hulls), and feces of cattle of animals fed diets containing 15 or 50% of concentrate. The samples were prepared, put in bags, and analyzed as described in the previous experiment. In both experiments, the smallest contents of NDF were found by using nylon bags, indicating loss of particles through the bag porosity. It is suggested grind of samples by using 1-mm screen sieve, which provides efficient extraction of cell content by the action of neutral detergent and a greater specific surface by the action of the heat-stable a-amylase enzyme. The use of particles ground at 2-mm overestimates NDF contents.
Formação profissional ética: um compromisso a partir das diretrizes curriculares?
Authors: Finkler Mirelle , Verdi Marta Inez Machado , Caetano João Carlos , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza
Published: June 2011

Esta reflexão problematiza o discurso e a prática que se estabelecem em torno do tema da formação ética dos profissionais da saúde e, mais particularmente, do cirurgião-dentista, situando o atual momento de implantação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais no ensino superior brasileiro. Procura-se, desta forma, indicar alguns limites e possibilidades para uma formação ética condizente com o novo perfil profissional almejado.
Questões epistemológicas das neurociências cognitivas
Authors: Pereira Jr. Alfredo
Published: June 2011

Neste ensaio, identificam-se quatro questões centrais fundamentais para a epistemologia da neurociência de orientação cognitiva: a multiplicidade de níveis de análise no estudo das funções do cérebro; o confronto entre modelos computacionais e dinamicistas; o tratamento adequado das interações entre cérebro, corpo e ambiente; e os problemas filosóficos encontrados nas tentativas de se construir uma teoria neurobiológica dos processos conscientes e da linguagem humana.
O cérebro como órgão pessoal: uma antropologia de discursos neurocientíficos
Authors: Azize Rogerio Lopes
Published: June 2011

Trata-se de discutir em que sentido o discurso neurocientífico sobre o cérebro produz uma determinada noção de pessoa. Em especial, invisto em autores e textos que fazem divulgação científica. A ideia do 'cérebro como pessoa' é repetida em formatos variados em livros de divulgação de importantes neurocientistas, que visam atingir os seus pares especialistas, assim como constituir e ampliar o número de novos curiosos a respeito do funcionamento do cérebro. Postulo, como contribuição ao debate, a ideia de que um 'cerebralismo' - uma concepção fisicalista de pessoa que relaciona cérebro e indivíduo - constitui um traço central na concepção de pessoa moderna.
Sites sobre drogas de abuso: recursos para avaliação
Authors: Santos Vagner , Portal Marcelle Maria , Ferigolo Maristela , Dantas Denise Conceição Mesquita , Barros Helena Maria Tannhauser , Trindade Carolina Sturm
Published: June 2011

Os profissionais da saúde devem ser estimulados a adquirir independência própria na busca, seleção e utilização de informações para solução de problemas do dia-a-dia. Além disso, devem ser incentivados a refletir sobre os fatos vividos, visando à reconstrução da trajetória percorrida, dando-lhes um novo significado. Este texto apresenta uma experiência de aprendizagem, vivenciada por estudantes de graduação, durante o processo de avaliação de sites brasileiros sobre drogas de abuso. Mediante a identificação do grande número de informações sobre drogas de abuso e da falta de critérios para sua divulgação na internet, iniciou-se um processo de pesquisa que desencadeou a construção de um protocolo para auxiliar o processo de seleção de sites brasileiros que abordam o tema drogas de abuso.
Design and implementation of readout circuit on glass substrate with digital correction for touch‐panel applications
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Ming , Ker Ming‐Dou
Published: June 2011

Abstract— A readout circuit on glass substrate with digital correction, which contains a transconductance amplifier, counter, and digital correction circuit, has been designed for touch‐panel applications for 3‐μm low‐temperature polysilicon (LTPS) technology. The voltage difference as a result of a change in capacitance due to a touch event is converted to current by a transconductance amplifier. By charging and discharging the capacitor in the counter, the counter displays different digital‐output codes according to touch or non‐touch events. Furthermore, not only can the touch or non‐touch event be distinguished, but also the influence of LTPS process variation can be compensated by a digital correction circuit in the proposed readout circuit.
Power reduction using adiabatic charge method for PDP driver circuit
Authors: Sano Yuji , Chen Wei‐Feng
Published: June 2011

Abstract— By applying an energy‐recovery method to their driver circuits, the circuit power consumption of plasma displays can be reduced. However, further power reduction is necessary for large‐sized higher‐resolution displays such as used for Super HDTV. The ideal adiabatic charge method has been proven to be able to minimize circuit resistive element power consumption to 81 % of the conventional energy‐recovery‐circuit resistive‐element loss. An experimental pseudo‐adiabatic charge circuit that reduces the power consumption to about 90% of a conventional circuit has been demonstrated. The power consumption caused by both the resistance loss and the discharge loss of the switching‐element parasitic capacitances was analyzed.
Capacity improvement for color‐filter fabs through computer modeling and iterative simulation
Authors: Chen James C. , Su Ling‐Huey , Chao Gary C. , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Peng Tzu‐Wei
Published: June 2011

Abstract— This study proposes the iterative Simulation‐Based Release (ISR) policy for color‐filter (CF) fabs based on iterative simulation. In the studied CF fabs, multi‐domain vertical‐alignment (MVA) equipment has the capability and flexibility to provide additional production capacity of black‐matrix (BM) and red, green, and blue (RGB) layers. Fab throughput can be increased by setting up MVA equipment to process BM and RGB layers when its available production capacity is larger than the scheduled manufacturing target. An AutoMod simulation model was developed and validated based on a real CF fab in Taiwan. A heuristic lot release plan was developed and used as the input of simulation. A better release plan can be developed by taking advantage of the MVA's line idle periods over the planning horizon generated from simulation and releasing new lots to the MVA line to increase its throughput. Release plans can be modified iteratively when the simulation results of the previous release plans show sufficient idle periods for the MVA line operation. The case study demonstrated that the proposed ISR is effective in idle‐time reduction (more than 60%) and throughput improvement (more than 2% in following months).
A fully integrated 1‐in. AMOLED display using current feedback based on a five‐mask LTPS CMOS process
Authors: Schalberger Patrick , Herrmann Marcus , Hoehla Steffen , Fruehauf Norbert
Published: June 2011

Abstract— In the past, a five‐mask LTPS CMOS process requiring only one single ion‐doping step was used. Based on that process, all necessary components for the realization of a fully integrated AMOLED display using a 3T1C current‐feedback pixel circuit has recently been developed. The integrated data driver is based on a newly developed LTPS operational amplifier, which does not require any compensation for Vth or mobility variations. Only one operational amplifier per column is used to perform digital‐to‐analog conversion as well as current control. In order to achieve high‐precision analog behavior, the operational amplifier is embedded in a switched capacitor network. In addition to circuit verification by simulation and analytic analysis, a 1‐in. fully integrated AMOLED demonstrator was successfully built. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first implementation of a fully integrated AMOLED display with current feedback.
A fast 2‐transistor current‐mode AMOLED pixel
Authors: Stewart Roger G.
Published: June 2011

Abstract— Active‐matrix OLEDs are thinner and potentially more energy efficient than AMLCDs; however, most current AMOLED pixel designs are also excessively complicated. This paper compares the operating principles and performance of the four basic types of OLED pixels: converter pixels, system compensation pixels, compensated pixels, and current‐mode pixels. A new current‐mode pixel is described that is fast, provides excellent compensation for processing variations, and yet retains the simplicity and manufacturing advantages of the simplest 2‐transistor OLED pixels. Like other current‐mode pixels, this sequential current mirror pixel provides excellent compensation for variations in TFT Vt, TFT mobility, and non‐uniformities in the OLED itself. However, unlike other current‐mode pixels that are too slow for use in large displays, this sequential current mirror pixel can operate with a voltage precharge in a superlinear mode to reduce data line settling delays to less than 3 μsec. Like the simplest uncompensated pixels, the compensated sequential current mirror pixel requires only two TFTs, a single data line, and a single select line.
Tracking origins of invasive herbivores through herbaria and archival DNA: the case of the horse‐chestnut leaf miner
Authors: Lees David C , Lack H Walter , Rougerie Rodolphe , Hernandez-Lopez Antonio , Raus Thomas , Avtzis Nikolaos D , Augustin Sylvie , Lopez-Vaamonde Carlos
Published: June 2011

Determining the native geographic range or origin of alien invasive species is crucial to developing invasive species management strategies. However, the necessary historical dimension is often lacking. The origin of the highly invasive horse‐chestnut leaf‐mining moth Cameraria ohridella has been controversial since the insect was first described in 1986 in Europe. Here, we reveal that herbarium collections across Europe indicate a Balkan origin for C ohridella. We successfully amplified nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA barcode fragments from larvae pressed within leaves of herbarium samples collected as early as 1879. These archival sequences confirm an identity of C ohridella and set back its history in Europe by more than a century. The herbarium samples uncovered previously unknown mitochondrial haplotypes and locally undocumented alleles, showing local outbreaks of C ohridella back to at least 1961 and dynamic frequency changes that may be associated with road development. This case history demonstrates that herbaria are greatly underutilized in studies of insect–plant interactions, herbivore biodiversity, and invasive species' origins.
A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2
Authors: Mcleod Elizabeth , Chmura Gail L , Bouillon Steven , Salm Rodney , Björk Mats , Duarte Carlos M , Lovelock Catherine E , Schlesinger William H , Silliman Brian R
Published: June 2011

Recent research has highlighted the valuable role that coastal and marine ecosystems play in sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). The carbon (C) sequestered in vegetated coastal ecosystems, specifically mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and salt marshes, has been termed “blue carbon”. Although their global area is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than that of terrestrial forests, the contribution of vegetated coastal habitats per unit area to long‐term C sequestration is much greater, in part because of their efficiency in trapping suspended matter and associated organic C during tidal inundation. Despite the value of mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and salt marshes in sequestering C, and the other goods and services they provide, these systems are being lost at critical rates and action is urgently needed to prevent further degradation and loss. Recognition of the C sequestration value of vegetated coastal ecosystems provides a strong argument for their protection and restoration; however, it is necessary to improve scientific understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control C sequestration in these ecosystems. Here, we identify key areas of uncertainty and specific actions needed to address them.
Cervical Enamel Projections and Associated Pouch‐Like Opening in Mandibular Furcations
Authors: Blanchard Steven B. , Derderian Gay M. , Averitt Thomas R. , John Vanchit , Newell Donald H.
Published: June 2011

Background: Cervical enamel projections (CEPs) have been listed among the tooth‐associated risk factors that could lead to isolated furcation defects around molar teeth. This is more likely when Grade III CEPs are present. However, the histologic aspects of the CEP interface with regard to the presence or absence of cementum over the enamel projection within the furcation have not been well described. This study was initially undertaken to evaluate this relationship.

Methods: Thirty‐five mandibular molars with Grade III CEPs were selected from a collection of extracted teeth and evaluated for the presence of cementum covering these areas by stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results: Sixteen of the 35 teeth (45.7%) with Grade III CEPs appeared completely covered by cementum. SEM evaluation showed the presence of a narrow pouch‐like opening between cementum and enamel in 15 of 16 teeth (93.8%). Light microscopy evaluation confirmed the presence of the pouch along with some indication of residual degenerated mesenchymal tissue within the defects. SEM evaluation showed the presence of globular bodies in this pouch.

Conclusions: This study reports on the presence of a pouch‐like opening between the enamel and cementum in mandibular molars with Grade III CEPs. The clinical significance of these cementum pouches has yet to be determined but bacterial contamination of these pouch‐like structures in areas of furcation periodontal breakdown may serve as a nidus for recolonization and disease recurrence or for the development of furcation caries if exposed to the oral cavity after surgical procedures.
The Thickness of Facial Alveolar Bone Overlying Healthy Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Ghassemian Marjan , Nowzari Hessam , Lajolo Carlo , Verdugo Fernando , Pirronti Tommaso , D'Addona Antonio
Published: June 2011

Background: A facial bone (<2 mm) overlying maxillary anterior teeth may be prone to resorptive processes after extraction and immediate implant placement. A thin bone contributes to risk of bone fenestration, dehiscence, and soft‐tissue recession. This study measures the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest and the thickness of facial alveolar bone at points 1 to 5 mm from the bone crest for the six maxillary anterior teeth.

Methods: Sixty‐six tomographic scans (31 males and 35 females; aged 17 to 69 years; mean age: 39.9 years) of intact anterior maxilla were randomly selected and evaluated by two calibrated and independent examiners (MG and TP).

Results: A high variation of CEJ–bone crest (0.8 to 7.2 mm) was detected. A significantly larger CEJ–bone crest was measured in smokers (P <0.05) and patients who were ≥50 years old (P <0.05). The average bone thickness at 3 mm from the CEJ for the maxillary right central incisor was 1.41 mm and for the maxillary left central incisor was 1.45 mm. For the maxillary right and left lateral incisors, the crestal bone thickness averaged 1.73 and 1.59 mm, respectively. For the maxillary right and left canines, the crestal bone thickness averaged 1.47 and 1.60 mm, respectively.

Conclusions: The present study supports the finding of a predominantly thin facial bone overlying the six maxillary anterior teeth. Therefore, it is essential to make informed treatment decisions based on thorough site evaluation before immediate implant placement.
A Novel Organotypic Dento‐Epithelial Culture Model: Effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum Biofilm on B‐Defensin‐2, ‐3, and LL‐37 Expression
Authors: Gursoy Ulvi K. , Pöllänen Marja , Könönen Eija , Uitto Veli‐Jukka
Published: June 2011

Background: In the present study, the expression and localization of three epithelial peptides (human β‐defensin [hBD]‐2 and ‐3, and cathelicidin [LL‐37]) are studied in an organotypic dento‐epithelial (OD‐E) model exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) biofilm.

Methods: Biofilm of Fn ATCC 25586 or AHN 9508 were produced by culturing each strain on semipermeable membranes. The OD‐E model was constructed by seeding keratinocytes on fibroblast‐containing collagen gels and by placing dentin pieces on the top. A 3‐day‐old biofilm was placed on the top of the OD‐E and the coculture was incubated for 5 hours or 24 hours. Production of epithelial antimicrobial peptides was determined immunohistochemically.

Results: After 5 hours of incubation, the biofilm of each Fn strain stimulated expression of hBD‐2 and ‐3. hBD‐2 was localized on superficial layers and hBD‐3 on basal cell layers of the epithelium and dento‐epithelial junctions, whereas LL‐37 was only weakly expressed. After 24 hours, hBD‐2 expression was extended toward basal cell layers of the epithelium. In contrast, hBD‐3 expression extended toward superficial layers of the epithelium. In the case of Fn AHN 9508 biofilm, LL‐37 was localized in the cell layers of the dento‐epithelial junction.

Conclusion: In our OD‐E model, epithelial antimicrobial peptide responses to Fn biofilms have distinct regulation and localization characteristics, resembling those known to occur in the gingival epithelium in vivo.
Periodontal Risk Assessment Model in a Sample of Regular and Irregular Compliers Under Maintenance Therapy: A 3‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Costa Fernando Oliveira , Miranda Cota Luís Otávio , Pereira Lages Eugênio José , Lima Oliveira Ana Paula , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Cortelli José Roberto , Medeiros Lorentz Telma Campos , Costa José Eustáquio
Published: June 2011

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of the periodontal risk assessment (PRA) model with the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT).

Methods: In a prospective PMT program, 75 regular complier (RC) and 89 erratic complier (EC) patients were selected. A periodontal examination and PRA were performed after active periodontal therapy and after 3 years of PMT. Risk profiles (low, moderate, or high) of participants were evaluated, and the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results: RCs showed less recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss than ECs (P <0.05). Rates of periodontitis recurrence in RCs and ECs were 2.7% and 3.4%, respectively, for the moderate‐risk profile and 6.7% and 11.2%, respectively, for the high‐risk profile. During PMT, 49 teeth (0.65 ± 1.4 teeth per participant) were lost in the RC group, and 70 teeth (0.78 ± 2.1 teeth per participant) were lost in the EC group. High‐risk profile participants showed more recurrence of periodontitis and lost significantly more teeth than did participants with moderate‐ or low‐risk profiles in RC and EC groups (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The risk profile influenced the recurrence of periodontitis and tooth loss. RCs had less recurrence of periodontitis and less tooth loss. The PRA model can be useful in particularizing the risk of patients and adjusting recall intervals.
CFD Verification of Engineering Options for Mitigating Liquid Sloshing in Topside Vessels on a Floating Production Facility
Authors: Lu Yaojun , Chai Shuhong
Published: June 2011

This paper proposes an active-control concept that mitigates the liquid sloshing in a topside vessel by reducing the excitation source, thus extending the scope of sloshing mitigation. To verify the concept proposed, sloshing response in partially liquid-filled topside vessels was numerically investigated under various wave and vessel conditions.

This study confirmed that vessel location on the top deck exhibits a weak correlation with the sloshing response. Although liquid sloshing is not very sensitive to the vessel location, it is beneficial to place the topside processing vessels as close as possible to gravity center of the floating production facilities (FPS/FPSO). It is evident that liquid sloshing in a topside vessel is closely related to the incident direction of the wave. The perpendicular incidence results in the minimum sloshing response; the parallel incidence leads to the maximum sloshing response. It is, therefore, essential to properly orient the vessel to establish perpendicular or close-to- perpendicular incidence status. It is also verified that liquid sloshing is significantly increased with length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio of a vessel. The horizontal vessels with larger L/D suffer from severe liquid sloshing. Because vertical vessels have a minimum L/D = 1.0, they always exhibit better antisloshing performance than the horizontal vessels. In addition, it is advisable to prevent a vessel from operating near the resonance-wave condition.

Although the active control concept shows attractive advantages over the conventional approach, it is more feasible for layout of topside vessels on a newly built FPS/FPSO. Because most of the floating-production systems are not built from scratch such that the topside processing vessels can be placed in the optimal position and orientation but are retrofitted for a topside vessel to fit onto a limited deck space, the passive-control approach may be more applicable. Generally, a combination of the active and passive approaches should be considered to minimize liquid sloshing in a topside process vessel.
Friction Pressure Performance of Commonly Used Viscous Gravel-Packing Fluids
Authors: Jain Samyak , Gadiyar Bala , Stamm Bryan , Abad Carlos , Parlar Mehmet , Shah Subhash
Published: June 2011

Gravel packing is increasingly used in long horizontal wells and challenging environments. Key to executing the gravel-pack job successfully is selecting an appropriate gravel-carrier fluid. Frictional pressure loss exhibited by gravel-packing fluids is an important consideration in their selection. This paper discusses the friction pressure performance of commonly used gravel-packing fluids in the industry today, which include the viscoelastic surfactant (VES) types of fluids, xanthan, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC).

In wells with a long horizontal section or narrow margin between pore pressure and fracture gradients, the frictional pressure loss exhibited by these fluids in the wash pipe and wash-pipe/base-pipe annulus governs whether these wells can be gravel packed without fracturing the formation. In gravel packs with alternative-path configuration (shunts), the frictional pressure loss through the shunts controls the maximum length that can be gravel packed.

This paper discusses in detail the fluid friction pressure performance while pumping these fluids through various conduits including circular pipe, eccentric annuli, and rectangular tubes (shunts). These data were generated in field-scale yard tests under controlled conditions, for both ambient and elevated temperatures. The paper also discusses the rheological properties of these fluids at ambient and elevated temperatures. The effect of factors such as surfactant/polymer concentration, addition of gravel, and temperature on the frictional pressure loss of these fluids is presented, which will help in fluid selection/optimization under different scenarios.
In-Situ Combustion Dynamics Visualized With X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Hasçakir B.. , Glatz G.. , Castanier L.M.. M. , Kovscek A.R.. R.
Published: June 2011

One method to access unconventional, heavy-oil resources is to apply in-situ combustion (ISC) to oxidize in place a small fraction of the hydrocarbon, thereby providing heat and pressure that enhances recovery. ISC is also attractive because it provides the opportunity to upgrade oil in situ by increasing the API gravity and decreasing, for instance, sulfur content. Despite a considerable literature on ISC dynamics, the propagation of a combustion front through porous media has never been visualized directly. We use X-ray computed tomography (CT) to monitor ISC movement, displacement-front shape, and thickness in a 1-m-long "combustion" tube. Temperature-profile history, liquid production, and effluent gas data are also obtained. Tests employ an 8.65°API heavy crude oil and representative sand. The general trend of saturation profiles is defined through spatially and temporally varying CT numbers. The role of initial oil and water saturations is examined by packing the combustion tube with either multiple samples with different saturations or by filling it with a uniform sample. Our work quantifies that ISC fronts display instabilities on a fine scale (cm). ISC reactions appear to add to front instability in comparison to inert gas advance. The pressure gradients during ISC appear to influence grain arrangement for loose packing. These grain arrangements cause combustion-front fingering, suggesting that the geomechanical state is relevant to combustion. These new data advance the knowledge base significantly by providing a data set for benchmarking of ISC simulations.
Ramadan Fasting and Medical Science
Authors: Editor The
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i1.7851 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.1(1) 1994 pp.38
Anatomy and pollen morphology of Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev subsp. sabulosus (Bieb.) Tzvelev and Leymus cappadocicus (Boiss. & Bal.) Melderis
Authors: Mavi Özlem , Dogan Musa , Baser Birol , Pehlivan Sevil , Cabi Evren , Akaydin Galip
Published: June 2011

The present study aims to evaluate the anatomy of leaf and stem as well as pollen morphology in two taxa, namely L. racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev subsp. sabulosus (Bieb.) Tzvelev and L. cappadocicus (Boiss. & Bal.) Melderis. Also, it is targeted to contribute to the morphology of these two taxa. The results have revealed varying anatomical characters in the types of stomata, wall appearance of the long cells, indumentum densities, dispositions of sclerenchyma around the vascular bundles, girders and strand shapes of the sclerenchymatic cells in the leaves, epidermal cell arrangements and epidermal cell sizes in the attachment points with sclerenchyma in the stems. Moreover, alternation in the pollen morphology concerning pollen size, operculum, undulation and the number of scabrae has also been demonstrated.Keywords: Leymus; Anatomy; Leaf; Pollen; Taxonomy.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7836Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 27-38, 2011 (June)
Geographical distribution and conservation of a rare medicinal plant Munronia pinnata (Wall.) Theob. (Meliaceae) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dharmadasa R. M. , Hettiarachchi P. L. , Premakumara G. A.S.
Published: June 2011

In the present study, distribution and abundance of Munronia pinnata (Wall.) Theob. in Sri Lanka were explored in 6 provinces, 7 districts, 68 Divisional Secretariat Divisions (DSD) and 395 Grama Niladari (GN) areas. Fifty three GN areas were identified as M. pinnata abundant areas. In 217 GN areas, the plant is found in small scale and in 65 GN areas it was rarely found. M. pinnata was not found in 8 DSDs. Ten new localities were found and three of them were in the wet zone. The highest diversity was found in Monaragala and Matale districts. Populations well adopted for a range of climatic conditions were observed in Madulla, Nilgala, Warakapola, Ritigala and Haldumulla. Monaragala, Wellawaya, Mathurata, Meemure and Kithulpe were identified as unique populations for conservation. Monaragala, Badulla and Matale appear to be the most suitable districts for commercial cultivation of M. pinnata. This is the first record of an extensive systematic survey on the distribution of M. pinnata in Sri Lanka.Key words: Munronia pinnata; Systematic survey; Meliaceae; Conservation; Cultivation; Medicinal plants.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7837Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 39-49, 2011 (June)
Ornithogalum beyazoglui (Hyacinthaceae), a new species from west Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Bagci Yavuz , Savran Ahmet , Düsen Olcay Dinç , Tutar Lütfi
Published: June 2011

Ornithogalum beyazoglui Y.Bagci, Savran & O. D. Düsen sp. nov. (Hyacinthaceae), a new species is described and illustrated from Ýzmir, Ödemis, Bozdag (Ýzmir, Ödemis province). Diagnostic morphological characters are discussed, including SEM examination of seed coat surface. Data are also presented on ecology, biogeography and conservation status of the new species.
The identity and occurrence of Phyllanthus hookeri Muell.-Arg. and P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour (Euphorbiaceae) in India
Authors: Raju Vatsavaya S. , Suthari S. , Ragan A.
Published: June 2011

There are 16 species of Phyllanthus subgenus Phyllanthus reported from India. The present paper adds two more species that are invasive weeds in the paddy fields and on forest floors, namely Phyllanthus hookeri Muell.-Arg. and P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour of sect. Urinaria subsect. Urinaria of Phyllanthus. The former is somewhat woody and perennial whereas the latter is slender and monsoonal. The presence of these two taxa in India was brought to light in 1987 by Rossignol et al. based on the herbarium specimens collected earlier to 1863 and deposited at Paris from northeastern and southeastern India. Whilst Phyllanthus hookeri is overlooked or underrated by the taxonomists, P. nozeranii is misidentified and considered conspecific with P. urinaria L. Keywords: Phyllanthus urinaria complex; P. hookeri; P. nozeranii; Identity; Chemotaxonomy; India.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7839Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 57-63, 2011 (June)
Muhlenbergia fasciculata T.P.I. Phan (Poaceae) - A new angiospermic record for India
Authors: Delmail D. , Hilaire A.
Published: June 2011

Not availableKeywords: Mulhenbergia fasciculata; New record; India.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7841Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 69-71, 2011 (June)
Occurrence of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria during different stages of paddy cultivation
Authors: Choudhary Kaushal Kishore
Published: June 2011

Not availableKeywords: Cyanobacteria; Diversity; Nitrogen-fixing; Rice fields; North Bihar.DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v18i1.7842Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 18(1): 73-76, 2011 (June)