bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterned low-frequency deep brain stimulation induces motor deficits and modulates cortex-basal ganglia neural activity in healthy rats
Authors: Oza Chintan S. , Brocker David T. , Behrend Christina E. , Grill Warren M.
Published: August 2018

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), although the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Abnormal oscillatory neural activity is correlated with motor symptoms, and pharmacological or DBS treatment that alleviates motor symptoms appears to suppress abnormal oscillations. However, whether such oscillatory activity is causal of motor deficits such as tremor remains unclear. Our goal was to generate abnormal oscillatory activity in the cortex-basal ganglia loop using patterned subthalamic nucleus DBS and to quantify motor behavior in awake healthy rats. Stimulation patterns were designed via model-based optimization to increase power in the low-frequency (7–11 Hz) band because these oscillations are associated with the emergence of motor symptoms in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model of parkinsonism. We measured motor activity using a head-mounted accelerometer, as well as quantified neural activity in cortex and globus pallidus (GP), in response to 5 stimulation patterns that generated a range of 7- to 11-Hz spectral power. Stimulation patterns induced oscillatory activity in the low-frequency band in the cortex and GP and caused tremor, whereas control patterns and regular 50-Hz DBS did not generate any such effects. Neural and motor-evoked responses observed during stimulation were synchronous and time-locked to stimulation bursts within the patterns. These results identified elements of irregular patterns of stimulation that were correlated with tremor and tremor-related neural activity in the cortex and basal ganglia and may lead to the identification of the oscillatory activity and structures associated with the generation of tremor activity.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is a promising therapy for movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Several groups reported correlation between suppression of abnormal oscillatory activity in the cortex-basal ganglia and motor symptoms, but it remains unclear whether such oscillations play a causal role in the emergence of motor symptoms. We demonstrate generation of tremor and pathological oscillatory activity in otherwise healthy rats by stimulation with patterns that produced increases in low-frequency oscillatory activity.
A Methodology for Evaluating Algorithms That Calculate Social Influence in Complex Social Networks
Authors: Smailovic Vanja , Podobnik Vedran , Lovrek Ignac
Published: August 2018

Online social networks are complex systems often involving millions or even billions of users. Understanding the dynamics of a social network requires analysing characteristics of the network (in its entirety) and the users (as individuals). This paper focuses on calculating user’s social influence, which depends on (i) the user’s positioning in the social network and (ii) interactions between the user and all other users in the social network. Given that data on all users in the social network is required to calculate social influence, something not applicable for today’s social networks, alternative approaches relying on a limited set of data on users are necessary. However, these approaches introduce uncertainty in calculating (i.e., predicting) the value of social influence. Hence, a methodology is proposed for evaluating algorithms that calculate social influence in complex social networks; this is done by identifying the most accurate and precise algorithm. The proposed methodology extends the traditional ground truth approach, often used in descriptive statistics and machine learning. Use of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using a case study incorporating four algorithms for calculating a user’s social influence.
Establishing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit in Resource Limited Setting: A Critical Analysis of Indian Council of Medical Research 2017 Guidelines
Authors: Das Kunal , Khanna Tanvi , Agrawal Nitika
Published: August 2018

The scope and application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are increasing. With advancement in science and close cooperation of health centers, HSCT units are coming up in new developing and underdeveloped countries. India hosts many HSCT units and often provides financially viable option for HSCT to foreign patients as well. Recently Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) issued a guideline about HSCT unit in India. This review article discusses establishment of new HSCT unit in resource limited setting. Subsequent implication of ICMR guideline has been done.
Power Supply- and Temperature-Aware I/O Buffer Model for Signal-Power Integrity Simulation
Authors: Dghais Wael , Souilem Malek , Zayer Fakhreddine , Chaari Abdelkader
Published: August 2018

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a large-signal equivalent circuit model that accounts for the power supply fluctuation and temperature variation of I/O buffers circuit designed based on the fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) 28 nm process for signal-power integrity (SPI) simulation. A solid electrical analysis based on the working mechanisms of the nominal I/O buffer information specification- (IBIS-) like model is presented to support the derivation of an accurate and computationally efficient behavioral model that captures the essential effects of the power supply bouncing under temperature variation. The formulation and extraction of the Lagrange interpolating polynomial are investigated to extend the nominal equivalent circuit model. The generated behavioral model is implemented using the Newton-Neville’s formula and validated in simultaneous switching output buffers (SSO) scenario under temperature variation. The numerical results show a good prediction accuracy of the time domain voltage and current waveforms as well as the eye diagram of the high-speed communication I/O link while speeding-up the transient simulation compared to the transistor level model.
Splenic Doppler Resistive Index Variation Mirrors Cardiac Responsiveness and Systemic Hemodynamics upon Fluid Challenge Resuscitation in Postoperative Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Brusasco Claudia , Tavazzi Guido , Robba Chiara , Santori Gregorio , Vezzani Antonella , Manca Tullio , Corradi Francesco
Published: August 2018

Objective. To test if splenic Doppler resistive index (SDRI) allows noninvasive monitoring of changes in stroke volume and regional splanchnic perfusion in response to fluid challenge. Design and Setting. Prospective observational study in cardiac intensive care unit. Patients. Fifty-three patients requiring mechanical ventilation and fluid challenge for hemodynamic optimization after cardiac surgery. Interventions. SDRI values were obtained before and after volume loading with 500 mL of normal saline over 20 min and compared with changes in systemic hemodynamics, determined invasively by pulmonary artery catheter, and arterial lactate concentration as expression of splanchnic perfusion. Changes in stroke volume >10% were considered representative of fluid responsiveness. Results. A <4% SDRI reduction excluded fluid responsiveness, with 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value. A >9% SDRI reduction was a marker of fluid responsiveness with 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value. A >4% SDRI reduction was always associated with an improvement of splanchnic perfusion mirrored by an increase in lactate clearance and a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, regardless of fluid responsiveness. Conclusions. This study shows that SDRI variations after fluid administration is an effective noninvasive tool to monitor systemic hemodynamics and splanchnic perfusion upon volume administration, irrespective of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery.
Xingnaojing Injection Protects against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via PI3K/Akt‐Mediated eNOS Phosphorylation
Authors: Zhang Yue-Ming , Qu Xiao-Yu , Zhai Jing-Hui , Tao Li-Na , Gao Huan , Song Yan-Qing , Zhang Si-Xi
Published: August 2018

Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection, derived from traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has a protective effect against stroke, but the underlying mechanism is unclear, which severely limited its clinical application. This research aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of XNJ in reducing cerebral ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats received 2 h cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion of 24 h and were intraperitoneally given 5, 10, or 15 ml/kg XNJ 24 h before ischemia and at the onset of reperfusion, respectively. TTC staining, HE staining, and neurological score were implied to evaluate the effectiveness of XNJ. The protein expressions of PI3K/Akt and eNOS signaling were measured. Experiments were further performed in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) to investigate the protective mechanisms of XNJ. HBMECs were subjected to 3 h oxygen and glucose deprivation following 24 h of reoxygenation (OGD) to mimic cerebral I/R in vitro. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was added with or without the preconditioning of XNJ. Multiple methods including western blot, immunofluorescence, DAPI staining, JC‐1, and flow cytometry were carried out to evaluate the effect of XNJ on HBMECs. XNJ could improve rat cerebral ischemic injury and OGD induced HBMECs apoptosis. In vivo and in vitro researches indicated that the mechanism might be relevant to the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling.
On Finite-Time Stability of Switched Systems with Hybrid Homogeneous Degrees
Authors: Zhang Bin
Published: August 2018

The finite-time stability is investigated for switched nonlinear systems. It is assumed that each subsystem possesses a positive homogeneous Lyapunov-like function. The derivative of the function is with hybrid homogenous degrees. Three substantially different situations are considered and different sufficient conditions are provided, respectively. The utility of our result is illustrated through the study of a numerical example.
Stability Analysis for a Type of Multiswitching System with Parallel Structure
Authors: Yan Zhang , Yongqiang Liu , Yang Liu
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes a new type of multiswitching system and a subsystems-group as a basic switching unit that obeys the law. Unlike traditional switching systems, the system selects multiple subsystems instead of one on each time interval. Thus, a framework of parallel structure organizes the subsystems as a group. A multiswitched system is widely used in engineering for modelling and control; this system reflects the actual industrial dynamical process. Thus, the stability of the system is studied. Assuming that these continuous and discrete-time subsystems are Hurwitz and Schur stable, the subsystems-groups matrices commute each other based on the subsystems matrices pairwise commutative. Then, the multiswitched system is exponentially stable under arbitrary switching, and there exists a common Lyapunov function for these subsystems. The main result is extended to a parallel-like structure; therefore, some stability results are gained under some reasonable assumption. At last, a numeral example is given to illustrate the structure and the stability of this system.
Foetal Macrosomia and Foetal-Maternal Outcomes at Birth
Authors: Turkmen Sahruh , Johansson Simona , Dahmoun Marju
Published: August 2018

To investigate how macrosomia affects foetal-maternal birth outcomes, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnant women who gave birth at gestational age ≥37+0 weeks. The patients were divided into three groups according to birth weight: “macrosomia” group, ≥4500 g, n=285; “upper-normal” group, 3500–4499 g, n=593; and “normal” group, 2500–3499 g, n=495. Foetal-maternal and delivery outcomes were compared among the three groups after adjustment for confounders. Caesarean section was more frequent in the macrosomia group than in upper-normal and normal groups. The duration of labour (p < 0.05) and postpartum care at the hospital (p < 0.001) were the highest in the macrosomia group. Increased birth weight was associated with higher risks of shoulder dystocia (p < 0.001), increased bleeding volume (p < 0.001), and perineal tear (p < 0.05). The Apgar score at 5 minutes (p < 0.05), arterial cord pH (p < 0.001), and partial pressure of O2 (p < 0.05) were lower, while the arterial cord partial pressure of CO2 was higher (p < 0.001), in the macrosomia group. Macrosomia has potentially serious impacts for neonate and mother as a result of a complicated and occasionally traumatic delivery.
Utilization of Fly Ash to Enhance Ground Waste Concrete‐Based Geopolymer
Authors: Chen Wu , Zhu Zhiduo
Published: August 2018

Demolition of the deteriorating infrastructure produces a large amount of waste concrete. Storage of waste concrete involves costly transportation, consumption of limited landfill space, and serious environmental problems. Combining them, the recycling of waste concrete is mainly limited to the use of recycled aggregates in the nonstructural filler and base course. Considering the limited geopolymerization potential of waste concrete, this study investigates the feasibility of using fly ash to enhance ground waste concrete‐based geopolymer to recycle and utilize waste concrete in high‐specification applications. The unconfined compressive strength of the binders synthesized at different fly ash contents, NaOH concentrations, and curing time are evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy imaging, X‐ray diffraction analyses, Fourier Transform Infra Red analyses, and Magic Angle Spinning‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy techniques are also conducted to investigate the microstructure and phase/elemental compositions of the synthesized geopolymeric binders. The results indicate that the addition of fly ash to ground waste concrete profoundly enhances the strength of ground waste concrete‐based geopolymer up to 75% fly ash content. The simultaneous formation of geopolymeric gel and CSH gel is responsible for the strength increase. The geopolymeric binder with required strength can be produced by the appropriate addition of fly ash to ground waste concrete.
Local Influence Analysis for Quasi-Likelihood Nonlinear Models with Random Effects
Authors: Xia Tian , Jiang Jiancheng , Jiang Xuejun
Published: August 2018

We propose a quasi-likelihood nonlinear model with random effects, which is a hybrid extension of quasi-likelihood nonlinear models and generalized linear mixed models. It includes a wide class of existing models as examples. A novel penalized quasi-likelihood estimation method is introduced. Based on the Laplace approximation and a penalized quasi-likelihood displacement, local influence of minor perturbations on the data set is investigated for the proposed model. Four concrete perturbation schemes are considered in the local influence analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated by some numerical examinations on a pharmacokinetics dataset.
The Chinese Medicine, Jiedu Recipe, Inhibits the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the Regulation of Smad2/3 Dependent and Independent Pathways
Authors: Liang Shufang , Zou Yong , Gao Jingdong , Liu Xiaolin , Lin Wanfu , Yin Zifei , Du Juan , Zhang Ya’ni , Chen Qunwei , Li Shu , Cheng Binbin , Ling Changquan
Published: August 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. In China, traditional Chinese herb medicine has been widely used in the treatment of HCC. Jiedu Recipe (JR) is a common used prescription which has shown good results against HCC. However, the exact mechanisms of JR are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of JR on HCC in the current study. JR inhibited the cell viability of both SMMC‐7721 and Huh7 cells in both time‐ and dose‐dependent manners. Transwell assay revealed that JR decreased the number of migrated cells of SMMC‐7721 cells. JR treatment increased the E‐cadherin expression level and decreased the levels of p‐Smad2/3 and Smad2/3. Further study showed that JR reversed the effect of TGFβ1 on the expression of E‐cadherin, vimentin, N‐cadherin, and MMP2/9. JR also significantly inhibited TGFβ1‐induced migration and invasion of SMMC‐7721 and Huh7 cells determined by wound healing assay and transwell assay. TGFβ1 treatment increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and Akt in SMMC‐7721 cells and pretreatment with JR blocked TGFβ1‐induced activation of Smad2/3 and Akt and MAPKs. In conclusion, JR inhibits liver cancer cells migration and invasion through epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition via Smad2/3 dependent and independent pathways, suggesting it is an effective therapeutic strategy against HCC metastasis.
Dizygotic Dichorionic Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy Delivered at Full Term: An Out of Box Presentation of Triplet—A Case Report from Ethiopia
Authors: Tesemma Melese Gezahegn , Yadeta Mikiyas Tadesse
Published: August 2018

The incidence of triplet is raising several hundred percent due to wide availability of fertility therapies. It is associated with different perinatal and maternal complications. The average duration of gestation and birth weight for triplet are 32.5 weeks and 1735 grams (total weight of triplet set being about 5.2kg), respectively. However, it is not uncommon to find the rarest situations in obstetrics. Here we present a case of triplet set born from gravida 5 para 4 mother at full term (GA of 39 weeks and 3 days), dated from reliable last normal menstrual period (LNMP). Each triplet has weight comparable to average weight of singleton at term. Triplets A, B, and C weigh 2.8 kg, 3 kg, and 3.2 kg, respectively. The triplet set weigh 9 kg in aggregate. Surprisingly the neonates have no perinatal complication, but the mother developed postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony. All individual triplets are large for gestational age on adjusted fetal weight standard of triplet from singleton’s growth curve. Such type of triplet outcome is unique in its presentation and has never been reported in scientific literature as to the knowledge of the authors. Thus, we can consider it as “an out of box presentation of triplet”. This initiates us to report the case.
Deconstructing Dissections: A Case Report and Review of Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury of the Neck
Authors: Walsh Brittany A. , Gregorie W. Douglas , Whittle Jessica S.
Published: August 2018

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is a term encompassing traumatic carotid and vertebral artery dissection or disruption. While the reported incidence appears to be increasing as diagnostic modalities improve, these injuries are often diagnosed only after patients have developed acute neurologic symptoms. These injuries often result in severe permanent neurologic disability or death. The gold standard for diagnosis has historically been a 4-vessel arteriogram. However, newer data are suggesting that computed tomographic angiography may be more appropriate for most patients and new criteria for its utilization have been developed. We report a case of bilateral carotid dissection in a 23-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle collision (MVC). She initially presents with a normal neurologic exam and two hours later develops hemiparesis. She is treated with antiplatelet therapy and given intravascular catheter directed tissue plasminogen activator with carotid stent placement. Nonetheless, the patient goes on to require intubation and, ultimately, a tracheostomy and transfer to an inpatient rehabilitation setting due to continued hemiparesis. This case highlights the need for increased awareness of a potentially debilitating, life-threatening disease process. A high index of suspicion is required among emergency medicine physicians for early diagnosis and treatment of trauma patients with BCVI.
Direct Percutaneous Embolization of Peristomal Ileostomy Varices in an Emergency Setting
Authors: Ryan William , Dako Farouk , Cohen Gary , Pryluck David , Panaro Joseph , Cuthbertson Emily , Niman Dmitry
Published: August 2018

Patients with liver disease and portal hypertension who have had surgical formation of an abdominal stoma are at risk of developing peristomal varices. These varices have a predilection for bleeding. Ideally, portal decompression via TIPS procedure is performed, with or without direct embolization of the bleeding varix. When TIPS is not an appropriate option due to significant liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy there are other approaches to treat peristomal variceal hemorrhage. We report the embolization of such a varix via direct percutaneous puncture under ultrasound guidance when portal decompression was not an appropriate option.
A Patient-Independent Significance Test by Means of False-Positive Rates in Selected Correlation Analysis of Brain Multimodal Monitoring Data
Authors: Faltermeier Rupert , Proescholdt Martin A. , Wolf Stefan , Bele Sylvia , Brawanski Alexander
Published: August 2018

Recently, we introduced a mathematical toolkit called selected correlation analysis (sca) that reliably detects negative and positive correlations between arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) data, recorded during multimodal monitoring, in a time-resolved way. As has been shown with the aid of a mathematical model of cerebral perfusion, such correlations reflect impaired autoregulation and reduced intracranial compliance in patients with critical neurological diseases. Sca calculates a Fourier transform-based index called selected correlation (sc) that reflects the strength of correlation between the input data and simultaneously an index called mean Hilbert phase difference (mhpd) that reflects the phasing between the data. To reliably detect pathophysiological conditions during multimodal monitoring, some thresholds for the abovementioned indexes sc and mhpd have to be established that assign predefined significance levels to that thresholds. In this paper, we will present a method that determines the rate of false positives for fixed pairs of thresholds (lsc, lmhpd). We calculate these error rates as a function of the predefined thresholds for each individual out of a patient cohort of 52 patients in a retrospective way. Based on the deviation of the individual error rates, we subsequently determine a globally valid upper limit of the error rate by calculating the predictive interval. From this predictive interval, we deduce a globally valid significance level for appropriate pairs of thresholds that allows the application of sca to every future patient in a prospective, bedside fashion.
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Toward Personalized Medicine and Combination Strategies
Authors: Sui Hongshu , Ma Ningxia , Wang Ying , Li Hui , Liu Xiaoming , Su Yanping , Yang Jiali
Published: August 2018

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with the poor prognosis. Encouragingly, immune checkpoint blockade targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has dramatically changed the landscape for treatments in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a small proportion of NSCLC patients responded to monotherapy of anti-PD-1/PDL1 agents; together, the development of resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy that leads to failure of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has significantly limited a broad applicability of the findings in clinical practices. Nowadays, several companion diagnostic assays for PDL1 expression have been introduced for identifying patients who may benefit the immunotherapy. In addition, results from clinical trials explored combinatory therapeutic strategies with conventional and/or targeted therapy reported a higher efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in NSCLC treatments, as compared to the monotherapy of these agents alone. In this review article, we summarized several anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents licensed for NSCLC treatment, with a focus on predictive biomarkers and companion diagnostic assays for identification of NSCLC patients for immunotherapy anti-PD-1/PDL1 antibodies. Of a great interest, potentials of the combinatory therapy of anti-PD-1/PDL1 therapy with a conventional or targeted therapy, or other immunotherapy such as CAR-T cell therapy were emphasized in the article.
In Vitro Antidiabetic Effects of Isolated Triterpene Glycoside Fraction from Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Shenoy Rashmi S. , Prashanth K. V. Harish , Manonmani H. K.
Published: August 2018

A triterpene glycoside (TG) fraction isolated and purified from ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre (EEGS) was investigated for blood glucose control benefit using in vitro methods. The HPLC purified active fraction TG was characterized using FTIR, LC‐MS, and NMR. The purified fraction (TG) exhibited effective inhibition of yeast α‐glucosidase, sucrase, maltase, and pancreatic α‐amylase with IC50 values 3.16 ± 0.05 μg/mL, 74.07 ± 0.51, 5.69 ± 0.02, and 1.17 ± 0.24 μg/mL, respectively, compared to control. TG was characterized to be a mixture of triterpene glycosides: gymnemic acids I, IV, and VII and gymnemagenin. In vitro studies were performed using mouse pancreatic β‐cell lines (MIN6). TG did not exhibit any toxic effects on β‐cell viability and showed protection against H2O2 induced ROS generation. There was up to 1.34‐fold increase in glucose stimulated insulin secretion (p<0.05) in a dose‐dependent manner relative to standard antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. Also, there was further one‐fold enhancement in the expression of GLUT2 compared to commercial standard DAG (deacylgymnemic acid). Thus, the present study highlights the effective isolation and therapeutic potential of TG, making it a functional food ingredient and a safe nutraceutical candidate for management of diabetes.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Myelofibrosis
Authors: Darawshy Fares , Ben-Yehuda Arieh , Atlan Karine , Rund Deborah
Published: August 2018

Background. Chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) can be associated with several malignancies, but rarely with myelofibrosis. Only isolated case reports in the literature described the association between CLL and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) in the same patient. Objectives. We describe a case of CLL characterized by the development of PMF and a review of literature. Methods. We describe an 86-year-old female diagnosed as having CLL and followed by the development of splenomegaly and progressively rising LDH levels 27 months later. A bone marrow biopsy was consistent with the diagnosis of PMF, with positive JAK-2 V617F mutation. We also review the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with CLL and PMF. Results. Patients with CLL and PMF are usually older. A lead diagnosis of CLL harbored by PMF is the most common clinical course, although concomitant diseases may occur in 31.7% of patients. JAK-2 V617F mutation can be found in 48.7% of patients. Conclusion. This case reported here constitutes an unusual situation of CLL characterized by the development of PMF. Etiologic and pathogenic associations—the role of t (1; 6) and JAK-2 V617F mutation—are discussed.
A Fuzzy‐Rule Based Data Delivery Scheme in VANETs with Intelligent Speed Prediction and Relay Selection
Authors: Zhou Yi , Li Huanhuan , Shi Chenhao , Lu Ning , Cheng Nan
Published: August 2018

Data delivery in vehicular networks (VANETs) is a challenging task due to the high mobility and constant topological changes. In common routing protocols, multihop V2V communications suffer from higher network delay and lower packet delivery ratio (PDR), and excessive dependence on GPS may pose threat on individual privacy. In this paper, we propose a novel data delivery scheme for vehicular networks in urban environments, which can improve the routing performance without relying on GPS. A fuzzy‐rule‐based wireless transmission approach is designed to optimize the relay selection considering multiple factors comprehensively, including vehicle speed, driving direction, hop count, and connection time. Wireless V2V transmission and wired transmissions among RSUs are both utilized, since wired transmissions can reduce the delay and improve the reliability. Each RSU is equipped with a machine learning system (MLS) to make the selected relay link more reliably without GPS through predicting vehicle speed at next moment. Experiments show the validity and rationality of the proposed method.
A Comparative Evaluation of Carcass Quality, Nutritional Value, and Consumer Preference of Oreochromis niloticus from Two Impoundments with Different Pollution Levels in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hamandishe Vimbai R. , Saidi Petronella T. , Imbayarwo-Chikosi Venancio E. , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka
Published: August 2018

The objective of the study was to determine the quality and consumer preferences of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from two water bodies with different pollution levels and trophic states. Water quality assessment of the two impoundments was carried out. Fish were sampled from hypereutrophic Lake Chivero and oligomesotrophic Lake Kariba for proximate analysis, carcass quality, and sensory evaluation. Conductivity, dissolved oxygen, transparency, ammonia, total phosphates, reactive phosphates, and chlorophyll a were significantly different (P<0.05). Fish from Lake Kariba had significantly higher condition factors and lower fillet yields, while fish of length 10-20 cm, from Lake Chivero had significantly more fat. Lake Chivero fish were darker, greener, and less red while Lake Kariba fish were lighter, less green, and less red. Raw fish from Lake Kariba were significantly firmer, were less green and redder, had a stronger typical fish odour, and were more acceptable than Lake Chivero fish. Lake Chivero fish had a stronger foreign fish odour than their counterparts. No statistical differences were observed on fillet cooking losses, cooked fish sensory parameters, and acceptability. The fish could, however, not be safe due to possibility of toxins in water and feed (algae) which may bioaccumulate and ultimately affect other attributes of fish quality.
Recurrence of Cryptococcal Meningitis and the Hidden Role of Patient Education and Social Support
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Atikoro Lorna
Published: August 2018

Human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV-) associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is one of the leading causes of deaths among patients living with HIV/AIDS in resource-limited settings, accounting for ~15-20% of AIDS-related deaths globally. We present our experience with a 25-year-old woman living with HIV who had a recurrent cryptococcal disease due to nonadherence to HIV care and lack of awareness of the benefits of adherence to secondary prophylaxis for CM. This case highlights the fact that fungal diseases awareness should not be limited only to the health professionals and public health practitioners, but also to patients, caregivers, and stakeholders.
Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Italian Version
Authors: Covotta Antonio , Gagliardi Marco , Berardi Anna , Maggi Giuseppe , Pierelli Francesco , Mollica Roberta , Sansoni Julita , Galeoto Giovanni
Published: August 2018

Objective.The aim of the study was to translate and culturally adapt the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly into Italian (PASE-I) and to evaluate its psychometric properties in the Italian older adults healthy population.Methods.For translation and cultural adaptation, the “Translation and Cultural Adaptation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures” guidelines have been followed. Participants included healthy individuals between 55 and 75 years old. The reliability and validity were assessed following the “Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments” checklist. To evaluate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, Cronbach’sαand Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were, respectively, calculated. The Berg Balance Score (BBS) and the PASE-I were administered together, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for validity.Results.All the PASE-I items were identical or similar to the original version. The scale was administered twice within a week to 94 Italian healthy older people. The mean PASE-I score in this study was 159±77.88. Cronbach’sαwas 0.815 (p < 0.01) and ICC was 0.977 (p < 0.01). The correlation with the BBS was 0.817 (p < 0.01).Conclusions.The PASE-I showed positive results for reliability and validity. This scale will be of great use to clinicians and researchers in evaluating and managing physical activities in the Italian older adults population.
Shared Autonomous Taxi System and Utilization of Collected Travel-Time Information
Authors: Liu Zhiguang , Miwa Tomio , Zeng Weiliang , Bell Michael G. H. , Morikawa Takayuki
Published: August 2018

Shared autonomous taxi systems (SATS) are being regarded as a promising means of improving travel flexibility. Each shared autonomous taxi (SAT) requires very precise traffic information to independently and accurately select its route. In this study, taxis were replaced with ride-sharing autonomous vehicles, and the potential benefits of utilizing collected travel-time information for path finding in the new taxi system examined. Specifically, four categories of available SATs for every taxi request were considered: currently empty, expected-empty, currently sharable, and expected-sharable. Two simulation scenarios—one based on historical traffic information and the other based on real-time traffic information—were developed to examine the performance of information use in a SATS. Interestingly, in the historical traffic information-based scenario, the mean travel time for taxi requests and private vehicle users decreased significantly in the first several simulation days and then remained stable as the number of simulation days increased. Conversely, in the real-time information-based scenario, the mean travel time was constant. As the SAT fleet size increased, the total travel time for taxi requests significantly decreased, and convergence occurred earlier in the historical information-based scenario. The results demonstrate that historical traffic information is better than real-time traffic information for path finding in SATS.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Capacity of Health Facility Laboratories in Zone One of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Genet Akal Chalachew , Andualem Tesfaye
Published: August 2018

Role of laboratory service in patient care is well recognized in developed compared to developing countries like Ethiopia where most medical decisions are based on clinical judgment. Laboratory based medical decisions save life and resources. Thus, health facilities (HFs) having capacitated laboratories provide better health care service. Thus, this study assessed capacity of laboratories found in all nine HFs in zone one of Afar region, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2015. Data were collected using questioner from medical laboratory professionals (MLPs) and using cheek list from laboratory registration books. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS. Availability of laboratory related national guidelines and standard operating procedure varies among HFs studied. In 42 selected laboratory equipment and materials assessed, their availability shows variations among HFs from 13 (30.2%) to 32 (74.4%). Among different laboratory tests recommended to be performed at health center (HC) level by World Health Organization (WHO), six tests were not performed in all HC laboratories. Moreover, 11 (31.4%) MLPs received in-service training in the past one year. Internal quality control measures were done in 3 (33.3%) laboratories. However, all laboratories were involved in external quality assurance with varied schedules. Specimens after testing and specimen with prolonged transit time were discarded using standard rejection criteria in 8 (88.9%) and 3 (33.3) laboratories, respectively. Study showed that laboratories assessed have good capacities in involving external quality assurance and having proper laboratory test request format. But capacity of laboratories assessed is limited and unsatisfactory in number of laboratory tests performed at HC laboratories, in internal quality control measure implementation, and in getting up-to-date in-service training to staff. Thus, to enhance capacity of laboratories in HC, responsible bodies shall avail basic laboratory materials and equipment, make fair distribution of MLPs, provide up-to-date training, and implement internal quality control measures in laboratories.
Estimating the Evolution of Disease in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative
Authors: Iddi Samuel , Li Dan , Aisen Paul S. , Rafii Michael S. , Litvan Irene , Thompson Wesley K. , Donohue Michael C.
Published: August 2018

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurological disease and affects about 1% of persons over the age of 60 years. Due to the lack of approved surrogate markers, confirmation of the disease still requires postmortem examination. Identifying and validating biomarkers are essential steps toward improving clinical diagnosis and accelerating the search for therapeutic drugs to ameliorate disease symptoms. Until recently, statistical analysis of multicohort longitudinal studies of neurodegenerative diseases has usually been restricted to a single analysis per outcome with simple comparisons between diagnostic groups. However, an important methodological consideration is to allow the modeling framework to handle multiple outcomes simultaneously and consider the transitions between diagnostic groups. This enables researchers to monitor multiple trajectories, correctly account for the correlation among biomarkers, and assess how these associations may jointly change over the long-term course of disease. In this study, we apply a latent time joint mixed-effects model to study biomarker progression and disease dynamics in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) and examine which markers might be most informative in the earliest phases of disease. The results reveal that, even though diagnostic category was not included in the model, it seems to accurately reflect the temporal ordering of the disease state consistent with diagnosis categorization at baseline. In addition, results indicated that the specific binding ratio on striatum and the total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) show high discriminability between disease stages. An extended latent time joint mixed-effects model with heterogeneous latent time variance also showed improvement in model fit in a simulation study and when applied to real data.
Body Weight Reduction Associated with the Sibutramine Treatment: Overall Results of the PRIMAVERA Primary Health Care Trial
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Melnichenko Galina Afanasievna , Troshina Ekaterina Anatolievna , Mazurina Natalya Valentinovna , Galieva Marina Olegovna
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of long-term sibutramine therapy in routine clinical practice. Methods: In total, 98,774 patients (82.3% women, 17.7% men) from 142 cities of the Russian Federation were enrolled in the PRIMAVERA program. The mean age of the patients was 39.39 ± 10.38 years, the mean body weight was 99.1 ± 14.28 kg, and the mean BMI was 35.7 ± 4.41 kg/m2. The duration of the sibutramine therapy was determined by physicians: 59.3% of patients took the drug for 6 months, the treatment course of 37.7% of patients was 12 months, and 3% of patients had treatment for 3 months. Results: The BMI reduction correlated with the treatment duration: 3.4 ± 1.53 kg/m2 after 3 months of therapy, 5.4 ± 2.22 kg/m2 after 6 months, and 7.2 ± 3.07 kg/m2 after 12 months. The body weight reduction after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment was 9.5%, 15.1%, and 19.7%, respectively. The body weight loss associated with sibutramine treatment was accompanied by a slight decrease in blood pressure and did not lead to any significant increases of the heart rate. Conclusions: The results of the PRIMAVERA study confirmed the lack of increased risk of using sibutramine in routine clinical practice in patients without underlying cardiovascular disease and low rate of adverse events.
A Modified Technique for Cord Transection in Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Greimel Patrick , Csapo Bence , Haeusler Martin , Lang Uwe , Klaritsch Philipp
Published: August 2018

Monochorionic monoamniotic (MA) twins are at increased risk for intrauterine demise (IUD) and discordant anomalies. Selective feticide by cord occlusion may be an option in case of unfavorable discordant problems. In MA pregnancies, however, the surviving co-twin still remains at serious risk for IUD due to progressive cord entanglement. Cord transection has therefore been recommended to protect the survivor. This procedure may turn out to be difficult. We herein describe a modified fetoscopic technique for laser transection using a grasping forceps. We present technical details and clinical outcome in 2 cases of cord transection: one following cord occlusion and the other following spontaneous IUD. Cord transection was performed at 19 and 26 weeks gestation, respectively. A 3 Fr grasping forceps with a working length of 35 cm was used for controlled manipulation of the umbilical cord during transection. There were no procedure-related complications and both surviving co-twins had favorable neonatal outcome. Cord transection using a grasping forceps facilitates easy and precise fetoscopic release of the umbilical cord. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on post mortem cord transection after spontaneous single IUD with favorable outcome for the survivor.
The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Erectile Functions: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Sahin Mehmet Oguz , Sen Volkan , Eser Erhan , Koc Evin , Gumus Umit , Karakuzu Cengiz , Ucer Oktay
Published: August 2018

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on erectile function in patients who had no cavernosal or urethral injury by using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The male patients who were treated by HBOT for several diseases between July 2017 and September 2017 were examined. All patients filled the IIEF questionnaire form before the first day and after the last day of HBOT and a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and medical history. The effects of demographic characteristics and risk factors on erectile function were evaluated, and the IIEF domain scores of patients in first day and last day of HBOT were compared. Results: Totally, 50 patients were included in the study between July 2017 and September 2017 and the mean age was 59.38 ± 13.77. The mean post-HBOT IIEF-EF score of patients was significantly higher than the mean pre-HBOT IIEF-EF score of patients (15.74 ± 10.52 vs. 19.50 ± 10.91; p < 0.001). The mean post-HBOT IIEF scores of other domains including intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction were also significantly higher than pre-HBOT scores. Conclusions: HBOT may be a good alternative treatment or adjunctive treatment for erectile dysfunction.
Variations in Oxygen Saturation Targeting, and Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening and Treatment Criteria in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: An International Survey
Authors: Darlow Brian A. , Vento Máximo , Beltempo Marc , Lehtonen Liisa , Håkansson Stellan , Reichman Brian , Helenius Kjell , Sjörs Gunnar , Sigali Emilio , Lee Shoo , Noguchi Akihiko , Morisaki Naho , Kusuda Satoshi , Bassler Dirk , San Feliciano Laura , Adams Mark , Isayama Tetsuya , Shah Prakesh S. , Lui Kei ,   on behalf of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes (iNeo) of Neonates
Published: August 2018

Background: Rates of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and ROP treatment vary between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Neonatal care practices, including oxygen saturation (SpO2) targets and criteria for the screening and treatment of ROP, are potential contributing factors to the variations. Objectives: To survey variations in SpO2 targets in 2015 (and whether there had been recent changes) and criteria for ROP screening and treatment across the networks of the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes in Neonates (iNeo). Methods: Online prepiloted questionnaires on treatment practices for preterm infants were sent to the directors of 390 NICUs in 10 collaborating iNeo networks. Nine questions were asked and the results were summarized and compared. Results: Overall, 329/390 (84%) NICUs responded, and a majority (60%) recently made changes in upper and lower SpO2 target limits, with the median set higher than previously by 2–3% in 8 of 10 networks. After the changes, fewer NICUs (15 vs. 28%) set an upper SpO2 target limit > 95% and fewer (3 vs. 5%) a lower limit < 85%. There were variations in ROP screening criteria, and only in the Swedish network did all NICUs follow a single guideline. The initial retinal examination was carried out by an ophthalmologist in all but 6 NICUs, and retinal photography was used in 20% but most commonly as an adjunct to indirect ophthalmoscopy. Conclusions: There is considerable variation in SpO2 targets and ROP screening and treatment criteria, both within networks and between countries.
The MRI Sepsis Score: An Innovative Tool for the Evaluation of Septic Peritonitis in Mice Using 7-Tesla Small Animal MRI
Authors: Diedrich Stephan , van der Linde Julia , Nielson Michael , Menges Pia , Kühn Jens-Peter , Käding Andre , Ngyuen Trung Dung , Heidecke Claus-Dieter , Partecke Lars Ivo , Kessler Wolfram
Published: August 2018

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are rarely used in the context of abdominal sepsis and in sepsis research. This study investigates the impact of MRI for monitoring septic peritonitis in an animal model (colon ascendens stent-induced peritonitis, CASP). The CASP model closely mimics that of human disease and is highly standardized. The most frequently employed readout parameter in mouse CASP studies is prolonged or decreased rate of survival. Monitoring the progression of peritonitis via MRI could provide a helpful tool in the evaluation of severity. The use of alternative readout systems could very well reduce the number of research animals. Perspectively, clinical improvement after certain treatment could be classified. Methods: This study describes for the first time MRI findings following the induction of septic peritonitis in mice using the CASP model. Two sublethal groups of mice with septic peritonitis were investigated. Each had received one of two differing stent diameters in order to control the leakage of feces into the abdominal cavity. Each mouse served as its own control. Imaging and analyses were performed blinded. Gut diameters, stomach volume, abdominal organ wall diameters, and volume of the adrenal glands were measured. Serum corticosterone levels were detected using ELISA. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 levels were screened by cytometric bead array. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric probes and the Kruskal-Wallis and t tests. Results: Using a 7-tesla MRI scanner 24 and 48 h after induction of septic peritonitis, interenteric fluid, organ swelling of spleen and adrenal glands, as well as dilatation of the stomach were compared to nonseptic conditions. Swelling of adrenal glands resulted in an increased serum corticosterone level. In addition, the wall of the intestine bowel was thickened. Based upon these findings, an MRI score (MRI sepsis score, MSS) for abdominal sepsis in mice was established. Reduced stent sizes led to reduced severity of the abdominal sepsis, which could be reproduced in the MSS, which is described here for the first time. Conclusions: Intraabdominal variations during septic peritonitis are detectable by MRI techniques. MRI methods should become a more important tool for the evaluation of abdominal peritonitis. MSS could provide an interesting tool for the evaluation of therapeutic strategies.