bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental analysis of 3D printed continuous carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced PLA composites: Revealing synergistic mechanical properties and failure mechanisms
Authors: Chen Yu , Wei Xiao , Mao Jian , Zhao Man , Liu Gang
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the mechanical properties of continuous carbon/glass hybrid fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites (HFRC) produced through the three dimensions (3D) printing process, comparing them with single carbon fiber‐reinforced PLA composites (CFRC). Initially, composite prepreg filaments are prepared using an impregnation device, followed by fabrication using a 3D printer. The mechanical performance results reveal a 13% increase in tensile strength for HFRC compared with CFRC. Due to differing elongation rates of carbon and glass fibers, HFRC exhibits two strength peaks, while CFRC demonstrates a 37% higher bending strength than HFRC. Scanning electron microscope images indicate that the tensile failure mechanism involves fiber brittle fracture and fiber‐matrix interface debonding, while the bending failure mechanism includes fiber pullout, fiber debonding, fiber cluster buckling, and interlayer interface failure.

Highlights

To realize the moldless rapid manufacturing of continuous hybrid fiber‐reinforced PLA composites.

The stress–strain curves of single fiber‐reinforced composites and hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites are obviously different.

Elucidating the effect of single fiber/hybrid fiber in composites on mechanical properties and failure mechanism according to micro‐morphology.
Influence of CO2 laser surface treatment of basalt fibers on the mechanical properties of epoxy/basalt composites
Authors: Pozueco Sergio , Simonini Laura , Mahmood Haroon , Rigotti Daniele , Kakkonen Markus , Riveiro Antonio , Comesaña Rafael , Pou Juan , Tanhuanpää Olli , Kanerva Mikko , Sarlin Essi , Kallio Pasi , Pegoretti Alessandro
Published: May 2024

In fiber reinforced composite materials, the interfacial strength between the fibers and the matrix plays a key role in controlling the stress transfer and damage mechanisms of the composite. In this study, CO2 laser surface treatment of the fibers was investigated as a potential sustainable substitute for conventional chemical treatments, that can be costly and have negative environmental effects. The influence of the laser treatment on basalt fiber fabric was comprehensively investigated. The fibers were subjected to different laser power levels and characterized from a morphological and mechanical point of view. From optical and scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the treated fibers manifested increased surface roughness along with spots of fused and bonded fibers. Individual treated fibers exhibited improved tensile properties with increased values of scale parameter (by about 21%) in the case of a laser power equal to 1.04 W/mm2, and no substantial changes in Young's modulus. The treated fibers were subsequently used in the preparation of epoxy‐based microcomposites, and microdebonding tests revealed an increase in the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) up to 8%. Therefore, this work proved that a laser surface treatment of basalt fibers is a valid alternative to conventional fiber surface modification to enhance the mechanical compatibility between fibers and matrix, and therefore to improve the mechanical performances of basalt fiber composites.

Highlights

Failure in composites due to weak interfacial adhesion with epoxy.

CO2 laser treatment of basalt fibers to enhance interfacial adhesion.

Treated fibers exhibit improved tensile properties.

Treated fibers manifested improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS, +8%).
Peptides and metal ions: A successful marriage for developing artificial metalloproteins
Authors: Leone Linda , De Fenza Maria , Esposito Alessandra , Maglio Ornella , Nastri Flavia , Lombardi Angela
Published: May 2024

The mutual relationship between peptides and metal ions enables metalloproteins to have crucial roles in biological systems, including structural, sensing, electron transport, and catalytic functions. The effort to reproduce or/and enhance these roles, or even to create unprecedented functions, is the focus of protein design, the first step toward the comprehension of the complex machinery of nature. Nowadays, protein design allows the building of sophisticated scaffolds, with novel functions and exceptional stability. Recent progress in metalloprotein design has led to the building of peptides/proteins capable of orchestrating the desired functions of different metal cofactors. The structural diversity of peptides allows proper selection of first‐ and second‐shell ligands, as well as long‐range electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, which represent precious tools for tuning metal properties. The scope of this review is to discuss the construction of metal sites in de novo designed and miniaturized scaffolds. Selected examples of mono‐, di‐, and multi‐nuclear binding sites, from the last 20 years will be described in an effort to highlight key artificial models of catalytic or electron‐transfer metalloproteins. The authors' goal is to make readers feel like guests at the marriage between peptides and metal ions while offering sources of inspiration for future architects of innovative, artificial metalloproteins.
High Efficiency of 5 μm‐Diameter Blue Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Deng Chuhan , Chen Zhizhong , Dong Boyan , Pan Zuojian , Zhang Haodong , Chen Yian , Li Yuchen , Wang Daqi , Hu Ling , Chen Weihua , Jiao Fei , Kang Xiangning , Yuan Lin , Zhu Jianfeng , Xia Chenhui , Wang Qi , Zhang Guoyi , Shen Bo
Published: May 2024

Small‐size pixels and high efficiency under low injection levels are required for high‐resolution microdisplay. Efficient blue InGaN micro‐light‐emitting diodes (μLEDs) with 5 μm diameter are fabricated using AuSn flip‐chip bonding, high reflection electrodes, and large‐area N electrodes surrounding the mesas. The peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) measured in an integrating sphere is as high as 13.67% at a current density of 5.4 A cm−2. Moreover, at a current density of 0.1 A cm−2, EQE can still reach 11.69%. The electrical efficiency approaches 1, and the differential slope of log L versus log I is close to 1 at low current density. These results suggest significant progress in exploring high‐efficiency 5 μm InGaN blue μLEDs.
Nanophytomedicine: A promising practical approach in phytotherapy
Authors: Sardarabadi Hadi , Darvishi Mohammad Hasan , Zohrab Fatemeh , Javadi Hamidreza
Published: May 2024

The long and rich history of herbal therapeutic nutrients is fascinating. It is incredible to think about how ancient civilizations used plants and herbs to treat various ailments and diseases. One group of bioactive phytochemicals that has gained significant attention recently is dietary polyphenols. These compounds are commonly found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, drinks, legumes, and grains. Despite their incredible therapeutic properties, one challenge with polyphenols is their poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This means that they are not easily absorbed by the body when consumed in essential diets. Because of structural complexity, polyphenols with high molecular weight cannot be absorbed in the small intestine and after arriving in the colon, they are metabolized by gut microbiota. However, researchers are constantly working on finding solutions to enhance the bioavailability and absorption of these compounds. This study aims to address this issue by applying nanotechnology approaches to overcome the challenges of the therapeutic application of dietary polyphenols. This combination of nanotechnology and phytochemicals could cause a completely new field called nanophytomedicine or herbal nanomedicine.
Nationwide trends of balloon pulmonary angioplasty and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (2012–2019)
Authors: Vohra Adam S. , Olonoff Danielle A. , Ip Ada , Kirtane Ajay J. , Steinberg Zachary , Horn Evelyn , Krishnan Udhay , Reisman Mark , Bergman Geoffrey , Wong Shing‐Chiu , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Kim Luke K. , Singh Harsimran S.
Published: May 2024

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a sequela of a pulmonary embolus that occurs in approximately 1%−3% of patients. Pulmonary thromboendoarterectomy (PTE) can be a curative procedure, but balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has emerged as an option for poor surgical candidates. We used the National Inpatient Sample to query patients who underwent PTE or BPA between 2012 and 2019 with CTEPH. The primary outcome was a composite of in‐hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, tracheostomy, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Outcomes were compared between low‐ and high‐volume centers, defined as 5 and 10 procedures per year for BPA and PTE, respectively. During our study period, 870 BPA and 2395 PTE were performed. There was a 328% relative increase in the number of PTE performed during the study period. Adverse events for BPA were rare. There was an increase in the primary composite outcome for low‐volume centers compared to high‐volume centers for PTE (24.4% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.003). Patients with hospitalizations for PTE in low‐volume centers were more likely to have prolonged mechanical ventilation (20.0%% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.001) and tracheostomy (7.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.017). In summary, PTE rates have been rising over the past 10 years, while BPA rates have remained stable. While adverse outcomes are rare for BPA, patients with hospitalizations at low‐volume centers for PTE were more likely to have adverse outcomes. For patients undergoing treatment of CTEPH with BPA or PTE, referral to high‐volume centers with multidisciplinary teams should be encouraged for optimal outcomes.
Induced attack on formation control of multiagent systems with prescribed reference trajectories
Authors: Li Junlong , Wang Le , Xi Jianxiang , Wang Cheng , Gao Jiuan , Zheng Yuanshi
Published: May 2024

The induced attack on the formation control of multiagent systems is investigated from the perspective of the attacker, where a new induced attack strategy is proposed to drive the whole formation of multiagent systems to the prescribed reference trajectory. Compared with denial‐of‐service attacks and deception attacks, a desired formation reference trajectory with the stable formation structure is reached by the induced attack instead of disrupting the whole formation. First, the induced attack signal is produced by designing an attack generation exosystem, whose dynamics can be described by the regulated attack matrix and can be adjusted to generate the prescribed reference trajectory. Then, based on the local state information, the formation vector, and the induced attack signal among partial agents, a new distributed induced attack formation protocol is proposed, which is composed of the nominal formation term and the induced attack term. Meanwhile, the induced attack design criterion is proposed by utilizing a robust scheme, where the robust performance bound can be configured by two performance regulating parameters and can be used to design the appropriate regulated attack matrix. Furthermore, by establishing the projection of the induced attack signal onto the formation agreement subspace, an explicit expression of the prescribed reference trajectory is determined, which depicts the movement trajectory of the entire formation of the multiagent system under the induced attack. Finally, a simulation is provided to vindicate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
The evolution of craft work in the strategic development of a family enterprise
Authors: Rondi Emanuela , Magrelli Vittoria , Debellis Francesco , De Massis Alfredo
Published: May 2024

Research Summary

Craft firms characterized by a humanistic approach to work face a tension between adhering to pure craft principles and embracing industrialization. This challenge is heightened in family‐controlled craft firms, striving to uphold tradition while adapting to change. This study examines how craft work evolves along the trajectory of entrepreneurial development through a case study of Thun, a third‐generation family craft firm. We identify a set of mechanisms and four configurations—pure, technical, narrative, and ecosystemic—through which craft work evolves over time. These configurations not only preserve traditions, but also infuse them with entrepreneurial spirit, reinterpretation, and deep innovation. This study contributes to the craft work literature by moving beyond static perspectives and revealing the dynamic interplay between different craft configurations.

Managerial Summary

Craft firms, which emphasize a humanistic approach to work, often struggle with the tension between preserving traditional craftsmanship and embracing industrialization. Our study of Thun, a third‐generation family craft firm, provides practical insights for managers by identifying a set of mechanisms and four configurations—pure, technical, narrative, and ecosystemic—that show how craft work can evolve over time. Managers can use these configurations to balance tradition and innovation, and inject entrepreneurial spirit into craft processes. Our findings underscore the importance of managing this balance for sustainable competitiveness and fostering an entrepreneurial firm culture that supports both artisanal and industrial production. Our study also provides a practical guide for craft firms seeking to evolve strategically, ensuring the integration of tradition with contemporary entrepreneurial development.
G‐formula for observational studies under stratified interference, with application to bed net use on malaria
Authors: Kilpatrick Kayla W. , Lee Chanhwa , Hudgens Michael G.
Published: May 2024

Assessing population‐level effects of vaccines and other infectious disease prevention measures is important to the field of public health. In infectious disease studies, one person's treatment may affect another individual's outcome, that is, there may be interference between units. For example, the use of bed nets to prevent malaria by one individual may have an indirect effect on other individuals living in close proximity. In some settings, individuals may form groups or clusters where interference only occurs within groups, that is, there is partial interference. Inverse probability weighted estimators have previously been developed for observational studies with partial interference. Unfortunately, these estimators are not well suited for studies with large clusters. Therefore, in this paper, the parametric g‐formula is extended to allow for partial interference. G‐formula estimators are proposed for overall effects, effects when treated, and effects when untreated. The proposed estimators can accommodate large clusters and do not suffer from the g‐null paradox that may occur in the absence of interference. The large sample properties of the proposed estimators are derived assuming no unmeasured confounders and that the partial interference takes a particular form (referred to as ‘weak stratified interference’). Simulation studies are presented demonstrating the finite‐sample performance of the proposed estimators. The Demographic and Health Survey from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is then analyzed using the proposed g‐formula estimators to assess the effects of bed net use on malaria.
Pt Nanoparticles Embedded Polypyrrole‐Carbon Black/SrSnO3 Photocatalyst with Stable and Superior Photodegradation Performance
Authors: Faisal M. , Ahmed Jahir , Algethami Jari S. , Alkorbi Ali S. , Harraz Farid A.
Published: May 2024

Currently, the primary focus for scientific authorities and regulatory departments revolves around water pollution. In this regard, photocatalysis has emerged as a highly effective, affordable, and goal‐oriented approach. Thus, recognizing the urgency of this issue, we focused our efforts towards developing a novel ternary photocatalytic structure based on mesoporous SrSnO3, combined with polypyrrole‐doped carbon black (PPC) and platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Pt NPs, PPC and SrSnO3‐based nanocomposite photocatalyst was developed through a very simple chemical method followed by ultrasonication and photoreduction techniques. XRD analysis confirmed orthorhombic phase of SrSnO3, while the formation of the ternary nanocomposite among Pt NPs, PPC and SrSnO3 has been confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of Pt NPs (5–15 nm), beads/dense cocoon like structures of PPC along with rod, spherical and needle shape nanostructures of SrSnO3 in newly created ternary photocatalyst. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed lowering of band gap energy in case of Pt@PPC/SrSnO3. Newly developed Pt@PPC/SrSnO3 nanocomposite worked efficiently when employed on colorless insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) and on colored methylene blue (MB) dye under UV‐light. Pt@PPC/SrSnO3 photocatalyst exhibited excellent performance with 96.03 % removal of pollutant IMD in only 20 min, almost 296 % more efficient than bare SrSnO3. Furthermore, the Pt@PPC/SrSnO3 ternary photocatalyst showed rapid removal of MB with almost total elimination of dye molecule in just 16 min.
Ion Exchange Processes for CO2 Mineralization Using Industrial Waste Streams: Pilot Plant Demonstration and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Bustillos Steven , Christofides Marios , McDevitt Bonnie , Blondes Madalyn , McAleer Ryan , Jubb Aaron M. , Wang Bu , Sant Gaurav , Simonetti Dante
Published: May 2024

An attractive technique for removing CO2 from the environment is sequestration within stable carbonate solids (e. g., calcite). However, continuous addition of alkalinity is required to achieve favorable conditions for carbonate precipitation (pH>8) from aqueous streams containing dissolved CO2 (pH<4.5) and Ca2+ ions. In this study, a pH‐swing process using ion exchange was demonstrated to process 300 L of produced water brine per day for CO2 mineralization. Proton titration capacities were quantified for aqueous streams in equilibrium with gas streams at various concentrations of CO2 (pCO2=0.03–0.20 atm) and at various flow rates (0.5–2.0 L min−1). Energy intensities for the process were determined to be between 30 and 65 kWh per tonne of CO2 sequestered depending on the composition of the brine stream. A life cycle assessment was performed to analyze the net carbon emissions of the technology which indicated a net CO2 reduction for pCO2≥0.12 atm (−0.06–−0.39 kg CO2e per kg precipitated CaCO3) utilizing calcium‐rich brines. The results from this study indicate the ion exchange process can be used as a scalable method to provide alkalinity necessary for the capture and storage of CO2 in Ca‐rich waste streams.
Cluster–Cluster Co‐Nucleation Induced Defective Polyoxometalate‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Xing Songzhu , Ma Xujiao , Gu Qingqing , Ma Nana , Zhang Zhong , Han Guoying , Huang Rui , Feng Xiao , Yang Bing , Duan Chunying , Liu Yiwei
Published: May 2024

The construction of defective sites is one of the effective strategies to create high‐activity Metal–Organic frameworks (MOFs) catalysts. However, traditional synthesis methods usually suffer from cumbersome synthesis steps and disordered defect structures. Herein, a cluster–cluster co‐nucleation (CCCN) strategy is presented that involves the in situ introduction of size‐matched functional polyoxometalates (H6P2W18O62, {P2W18}) to intervene the nucleation process of cluster‐based MOFs (UiO‐66), achieving one‐step inducement of exposed defective sites without redundant post‐processing. POM‐induced UiO‐66 ({P2W18}‐0.1@UiO‐66) exhibits a classical reo topology for well‐defined cluster defects. Moreover, the defective sites and the interaction between POM and skeletal cluster nodes are directly observed by Integrated Differential Phase Contrast in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (iDPC‐STEM). Owing to the molecular‐level proximity between defective sites and POM in the same nano‐reaction space, {P2W18}‐0.1@UiO‐66 exhibits efficient tandem catalysis in the preparation of γ‐valerolactone (γ‐GVL) from laevulinic acid (LA) by the combination of Lewis and Brønsted acids with 11 times higher performance than defective UiO‐66 formed by conventional coordination modulation strategy. The CCCN strategy is applicable to different POM and has the potential to be extended to other cluster‐based MOFs, which will pave a new way for the construction of functional MOFs with multi‐centered synergistic catalysis.
Damaged Goods: Victimhood‐Survivorship and the Social Marking of Identity
Authors: LaFleur Gabrielle
Published: May 2024

This article offers a cultural cognitive theory of sexual violence: a Zerubavelian reading of its classificatory, attentional, perceptual, semiotic, mnemonic, and temporal dimensions. It maps the asymmetric syntactic contrasts between the cultural trifecta of “Victim‐Survivors,” “Victimizers,” and the hitherto unnamed, taken‐for‐granted “Unvictims,” arguing that those who experience sexual violence are marked in contrast to both those who victimize and those who have never been victimized. Suggesting that one need not be the actor of a marked act to be marked by it, a victimizing person's marked act crystallizes as a marked identity for the person they victimize, a process I call “semiotic ricochet.” Extending critiques of the victimhood‐survivorship frame, this article argues that the “rigid‐minded,” binary classificatory scheme of “Victim” or “Survivor” reifies, universalizes, derivatizes, and temporally displaces its attributed. It proposes hyphenating, encasing in scare quotes, and capitalizing the identity category of “Victim‐Survivor,” as well as referring to individuals as “those who experience sexual violence.” Using the Zerubavelian theoretico‐methodological practice of “concept‐driven” sociology, it identifies the “Victim‐Survivor” as merely one specific instantiation of the generic social type the “Damaged Good,” alongside other identities derived from marked non‐acts such as placement in foster care or undergoing a mastectomy for breast cancer.
External validation of models to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus cured F3‐F4 patients
Authors: Carvalho‐Gomes Ângela , Valcheva Valcheva Tsveta Vladi , Sahuco Iván , Vidal Enrique , Martínez‐Arenas Laura , Vinaixa Carmen , Aguilera Victoria , García García Sónia , Berenguer Marina
Published: May 2024

Background & Aims

Several hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk‐models have been developed to individualise patient surveillance following sustained viral response (SVR) in Hepatitis C Virus patients. Validation of these models in different cohorts is an important step to incorporate a more personalised risk assessment in clinical practice. We aimed at applying these models to stratify the risk in our patients and potentially determine cost‐saving associated with individualised HCC risk‐stratification screening strategy.

Methods

Patients with baseline F3‐4 fibrosis treated with new oral direct‐acting antivirals who had reached a SVR were regularly followed as part of the HCC surveillance strategy. Six models were applied: Pons, aMAP, Ioannou, HCC risk, Alonso and Semmler. Validation of the models was performed based on sensitivity and the proportion of patients labelled as “high risk”.

Results

After excluding 557 with less than 3 fibrosis, 12 without SVR, 18 with a follow up (FU) <1 year, 17 transplant recipients, 16 lost to FU and 31 with HCC at time of antiviral therapy, our cohort consisted of 349 F3‐4 SVR patients. Twenty‐three patients (6.6%) developed HCC after a median FU of 5.12 years. The sensitivity of the different models varied between 0.17 (Semmler7noalcohol) and 1 (Alonso A and aMAP). The lowest proportion of high‐risk patients corresponded to the Semmler‐noalcohol model (5%). Sixty‐three and 90% of the Alonso A and aMAP patients, respectively were labelled as high risk. The most reliable HCC risk‐model applied to our cohort to predict HCC development is the Alonso model (based on fibrosis stage assessed by liver stiffness measurements or Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) at baseline and after 1 year, and albumin levels at 1 year) with a‐100% sensitivity in detecting HCC among those at high risk and 63% labelled as high risk. The application of the model would have saved the cost of 1290 ultrasound no longer being performed in the 37% low‐risk group.

Conclusion

In our cohort, the Alonso A model allows the most reliable reduction in HCC screening resulting in safely stopping life‐long monitoring in about a third of F3‐F4 patients achieving SVR with DAAs.
Ciclosporin‐responsive pyoderma in dogs: A comparison to human pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: De Lucia Michela , Orlandini Paola , Denti Daria , Berto Laura , Mezzalira Giorgia , Peserico Andrea , Fortina Anna Belloni
Published: May 2024

We describe 20 cases of canine pyoderma responsive to immunosuppressive treatments and resembling human pyoderma gangrenosum. All dogs presented with a rapidly evolving, focal to multifocal, painful ulcerative dermatitis, non‐responsive to multiple antibiotic and anti‐inflammatory therapies. Elevations of C‐reactive protein (100%), neutrophilia (75%) and fever (25%) were also present. Histopathology showed a severe, ulcerative, superficial to deep, predominantly neutrophilic dermatitis. Bacterial infection was the most challenging differential diagnosis. Resolution of the lesions was obtained within 4–8 weeks in 83% of dogs treated with ciclosporin. Maintenance treatment was required in the majority of the dogs.
India and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: In search of a middle ground
Authors: Konwer Shubhrajeet
Published: May 2024

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit (2023) in virtual format only exposed the growing disconnect between India and the members of this multilateral framework. Given the precarious state of India's relations with its immediate neighbors, China and Pakistan, and the growing camaraderie between Beijing and Moscow, this article examines the reasons behind New Delhi's continued need to engage with this multilateral framework. While India seeks to use the SCO as a “bridge” to improve its ties with Central Asian nations and act as a “check and balance” within the organization, Beijing's ascendancy as the “primary” external actor in the Af‐Pak and Central Asia region has meant that India's ability to gain advantages from its association with the SCO will be severely limited. As the protracted war in Ukraine continues unabated, India's attempts to find a “middle ground” between competing interests and principles will be put to the test.
Indonesia, an offshore balancer in Southeast Asia?
Authors: Motin Dylan
Published: May 2024

Observers generally characterize Indonesia's foreign policy as non‐aligned, hedging between the great powers. Indeed, Indonesian noncommittal behavior and seeming disinterest in regional power politics appear at odds for a country of that size. To explain that puzzle, I apply the concept of offshore balancer, traditionally used to describe British and US foreign policy. An offshore balancer is a state separated from continental politics by a body of water. Theory predicts that an offshore balancer will generally avoid continental commitments when the balance of power is stable. However, it will join the power competition fray if a threatening potential hegemon arises. Offshore balancers turn aggressive only if continental states are so weak that crossing the sea and expanding onshore becomes easy. First, I present the concept and its importance and justify its generalizability through a short overview of American, British, and Japanese foreign policies. Second, I review Indonesian history to check whether its behavior corresponds to that of an offshore balancer. Finally, I lay out what offshore balancing implies for understanding Indonesian foreign policy and its future.
Sustainable biofuel production in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Exploring transesterification process, nonedible feedstocks, and policy implications
Authors: Kichonge Baraka , Kivevele Thomas
Published: May 2024

The world is currently dealing with an energy crisis, primarily due to heavy reliance on finite fossil fuels and the associated rise in energy demand. In response to this crisis, replacing heavy reliance on finite fossil fuels with biodiesel has gained attention as an alternative solution. Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) biodiesel studies have traditionally focused on improving transesterification but overlook socio‐economic, policy, and institutional impacts on production sustainability. To address this gap, this study comprehensively reviews the sustainability of transesterification‐based biodiesel production from nonedible feedstocks in SSA. The study's incorporation of socio‐economic factors, policy considerations, sustainability concerns, and institutional frameworks reveals the complex prospects and challenges facing biodiesel production in SSA. The findings reveal that sustainability challenges in SSA stem from a lack of an integrated approach, resulting in conflicting local and global policies. The study determines that neglecting socio‐economic factors, policy considerations, sustainability concerns, and institutional frameworks weakens regional biodiesel production sustainability. Evidence from the study emphasizes the role of an integrated approach in promoting biofuel production, establishing markets, and improving the livelihoods of the region's population. Furthermore, the review shows that transesterification can yield biodiesel with comparable physical properties to conventional diesel, making it a wide region's favored option.

This article is categorized under:

Human and Social Dimensions > Energy and Climate Justice

Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy

Sustainable Development > Goals
Implementing protocol‐based relaparoscopy for severe complications in laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Puccetti Francesco , Vallorani Alessia , Cinelli Lorenzo , Turi Stefano , Gozzini Lorenzo , Rosati Riccardo , Elmore Ugo ,   OSR CCeR Collaborative Group
Published: May 2024

Background

Although laparoscopy has demonstrated growing applications for either primary colorectal resections or reoperations, no standardized criteria for implementing laparoscopy in revisional surgery have been reported. This study analyzes a single‐center series of major complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery, undergoing laparoscopic (LR), or open reoperations in compliance with a hemodynamics‐based institutional management.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzes a series of consecutive patients who primarily underwent either laparoscopic left colectomy or low anterior resection in a tertiary referral center between 2016 and 2021. Major complications requiring reoperation (MCR) were managed through an interdisciplinary protocol and submitted to reoperation according to patient hemodynamics and intra‐abdominal contamination. A cohort analysis primarily assessed treatment failure rates (i.e., 90‐day mortality and need for further surgery), while postoperative morbidity was secondarily examined.

Results

Out of 1137 laparoscopic colorectal resections, 497 patients met eligibility criteria, while 45 (9.1%) developed MCRs were managed according to the standardized interdisciplinary protocol. Revisional surgery was performed through either LR (66.7%) or (33.3%). Treatment failure was 13.3% overall, including additional surgery (11.1%) and 90‐day mortality (6.6%) after reoperation. In both overall and anastomotic leak‐specific MCRs, relaparoscopy resulted in minimized length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, and intensity of care.

Conclusions

Relaparoscopy for MCR preserves clinical benefits related to minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Further studies should investigate applicative determinants and impediments related to the center volume.
The lived experience of mental disorders in adolescents: a bottom‐up review co‐designed, co‐conducted and co‐written by experts by experience and academics
Authors: Fusar‐Poli Paolo , Estradé Andrés , Esposito Cecilia M. , Rosfort René , Basadonne Ilaria , Mancini Milena , Stanghellini Giovanni , Otaiku Jummy , Olanrele Oluwadamilola , Allen Lucas , Lamba Muskan , Alaso Catherine , Ieri Judy , Atieno Margret , Oluoch Yvonne , Ireri Phides , Tembo Ephraim , Phiri Innocent Z. , Nkhoma Duncan , Sichone Noah , Siadibbi Candy , Sundi Pharidah R.I.O. , Ntokozo Nyathi , Fusar‐Poli Laura , Floris Valentina , Mensi Martina M. , Borgatti Renato , Damiani Stefano , Provenzani Umberto , Brondino Natascia , Bonoldi Ilaria , Radua Joaquim , Cooper Kate , Shin Jae Il , Cortese Samuele , Danese Andrea , Bendall Sarah , Arango Celso , Correll Christoph U. , Maj Mario
Published: May 2024

We provide here the first bottom‐up review of the lived experience of mental disorders in adolescents co‐designed, co‐conducted and co‐written by experts by experience and academics. We screened first‐person accounts within and outside the medical field, and discussed them in collaborative workshops involving numerous experts by experience – representing different genders, ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and continents – and their family members and carers. Subsequently, the material was enriched by phenomenologically informed perspectives and shared with all collaborators. The inner subjective experience of adolescents is described for mood disorders, psychotic disorders, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, externalizing disorders, and self‐harm behaviors. The recollection of individuals’ past histories also indexes the prodromal (often transdiagnostic) features predating the psychiatric diagnosis. The experience of adolescents with mental disorders in the wider society is described with respect to their family, their school and peers, and the social and cultural context. Furthermore, their lived experience of mental health care is described with respect to receiving a diagnosis of mental disorder, accessing mental health support, receiving psychopharmacological treatment, receiving psychotherapy, experiencing peer support and mental health activism, and achieving recovery. These findings can impact clinical practice, research, and the whole society. We hope that this co‐designed, co‐conducted and co‐written journey can help us maintain our commitment to protecting adolescents’ fragile mental health, and can help them develop into a healthy, fulfilling and contributing adult life.
Highly Twisted Ladder Oligosilanes Bearing Phenyl and tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl Groups
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Arai Koichi , Kanno Ken‐ichiro
Published: May 2024

Two stereoisomers of bicyclic ladder oligosilanes bearing phenyl and tert‐butyldimethylsilyl groups were synthesized, and their structures and electronic properties are compared with a previously reported perisopropyl‐substituted analog. These novel ladder oligosilanes have highly twisted structures with the twist angles between the two terminal Si−Si bonds of av. 37.7 and 39.8°. The UV spectra of these compounds show bathochromically shifted absorption maxima with the longest wavelength compared with that of the perisopropyl‐substituted bicyclic ladder oligosilane. The electronic properties of the ladder oligosilanes were analyzed by theoretical calculations.
Development of a Circularity Assessment Tool with Local Stakeholders from Strasbourg
Authors: Dufrasnes Emmanuel , Eich Louise , Angyal Fanni
Published: May 2024

Our research focuses on the reutilization of construction materials and how we could foster growth in this sector. It deals with the specific case of the re-use sector around Strasbourg, France, providing a comprehensive overview of the local landscape. Indeed, the research was conducted in partnership with the School of Architecture of Strasbourg, the City of Strasbourg, and an engineering consultant called “BOMA” specialized in circular building. This project is supported by the “Campus des Métiers et des Qualifications Eco-construction et Efficacité Energétique Grand Est”, the Grand Est Region, the “Région Académique Grand Est” and the “Banque des Territoires”. To encourage innovative programs around circular economy, we gave particular attention to analysing feedbacks from pilot projects. In addition to the interview with key local stakeholders, a literature review focusing on assessment of circularity in buildings was carried out. Through a methodology developed in a separate scientific paper, we selected 10 key indicators adapted to the area to measure the circularity of a building, focusing mostly on social, environmental, and economical aspects of the project. Thanks to these indicators, a digital tool was developed to calculate the relevant data concerning the circularity of the project, creating analysed feedback of the construction. Five of those indicators have been implemented in this tool, although suggestions have been made to cover more topics. Moreover, in the future, there is the possibility for it to be transformed into a decision-making tool in order to boost the structuration of the re-use sector around Strasbourg.
Aspects of Sound Structure in Historic Organs of Europe
Authors: Schneider Albrecht
Published: May 2024

This article sketches the development of pipe organs in Europe from Roman times to the Baroque era in order to shed light on concepts of sound structure that apparently guided the design and construction of certain types of organs. For a better understanding of empirical measurements presented in Parts 4 and 5 of this study, Part 2 provides some basic organology. In Part 3, the development from the so-called ‘Blockwerk’ to organs comprising several wind chests, manuals, and various types of pipes and stops is outlined. In part 5, relations of sound structure to tunings and temperaments are discussed, including actual measurements.
Musicological and Technological Perspectives on Computational Analysis of Electroacoustic Music
Authors: Lartillot Olivier
Published: May 2024

Analysing electroacoustic music remains challenging, leaving this artistic treasure somewhat out of reach of mainstream musicology and many music lovers. This chapter examines electroacoustic music analysis, covering musicological investigations and desires and technological challenges and potentials. The aim is to develop new technologies to overcome the current limitations. The compositional and musicological foundations of electroacoustic music analysis are based on Pierre Schaeffer’s Traité des objects musicaux. The chapter presents an overview of core analytical principles underpinning more recent musicological approaches, including R. Murray Schafer’s soundscape analysis, Denis Smalley’s spectro-morphology, and Lasse Thoresen’s graphical formalisation. Then the state of the art in computational analysis of electroacoustic music is compiled and organised along broad themes, from detecting sound objects to estimating dynamics, facture and grain, mass, motions, space, timbre and rhythm. Finally, I sketch the principles of what could be a Toolbox des objets sonores.
Virtual Reality und Flipped Classroom in religionspädagogischen Bildungsprozessen
Authors: Witt Theresia
Published: May 2024

Um in der religionspädagogischen Lehre Potenziale digitaler Formate produktiv zu integrieren, wurde das Seminar Kirchenpädagogik 2.0?! i. S. d. Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts entwickelt, durchgeführt und evaluiert: Lehramtsstudierende der Theologie sollen befähigt werden, virtuelle Kirchen(raum)erschließungen für eine schulische Zielgruppe zu konzipieren und zu erproben. Wissenschaftlich und hochschuldidaktisch gerahmt werden diese Praxiserfahrungen durch einen Online-Kurs sowie evaluative Begleitforschungen in Bezug auf digitalitätsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserfahrungen der teilnehmenden Studierenden. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie eine digitale Kultur in der (religions-)lehrer:innenbildenden Hochschullehre mittels Flipped-Classroom-Settings und VR-Technologie entwickelt sowie evaluiert werden kann.
Kompetenzen für die digitale Arbeitswelt – Ein Lehrprojekt zu Digital Health
Authors: Stülb Magdalena , Binder Sven , Steinbrecher Svenja
Published: May 2024

Ziel des Lehrprojekts ist es, Studierenden im Bachelorstudiengang Gesundheits- und Sozialmanagement mittels einer lernpfadbasierten Selbstlerneinheit einen Überblick zur Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen zu ermöglichen, ihnen aufzuzeigen, welche Kompetenzen die Berufspraxis in diesen Bereichen erfordert, und Ansätze zum individuellen überfachlichen Kompetenzaufbau zu vermitteln. Grundlage dafür ist der Ansatz der Future Skills nach Ulf-Daniel Ehlers (2020). Als Pilotprojekt soll die digitale Lerneinheit zur Entwicklung einer Kultur der Digitalität an der Hochschule beitragen, indem unterschiedliche Lehr- und Lernformate kombiniert und verschiedene Organisationseinheiten miteinander verknüpft werden.
Die Rolle der Digitalisierungsstrategien bei der Implementierung digitaler Lehre
Authors: Schäfer Len Ole , Deacon Bronwen , Laufer Melissa
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie an acht europäischen Hochschulen mit insgesamt 68 Interviews vor und geht der Frage nach dem Verhältnis der jeweiligen Digitalisierungsstrategie zwischen Hochschulleitung, Fakultätsleitung und Lehrenden nach. Es zeigt sich, dass die Entwicklung von Digitalisierungsstrategien durch die Coronapandemie einen Aufschwung erfahren hat. Die Lehrenden waren allerdings selten über Digitalisierungsstrategien informiert und der Fakultät war die Umsetzung der Digitalisierungsstrategien überlassen. Zur Erklärung dieses Phänomens eignet sich die Theorie lose gekoppelter Systeme von Karl E. Weick, die sich auf Hochschulen übertragen lässt.
3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories from M-theory on CY4 and IIB brane box
Authors: Najjar Marwan , Tian Jiahua , Wang Yi-Nan
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric field theories geometrically engineered from M-theory on non-compact Calabi-Yau fourfolds (CY4). We establish a detailed dictionary between the geometry and topology of non-compact CY4 and the physics of 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories in three different regimes. The first one is the Coulomb branch description when the CY4 is smooth. The second one is non-abelian gauge theory when the CY4 has a degenerate ℙ1-fibration structure. The third one is the strongly coupled SCFT from a CY4 singularity. We find interesting flavor symmetry enhancements in the singular limit of CY4, as well as an interesting and previously unexplored phenomenon in 3D, termed “flavor symmetry duality”. Many examples are analyzed with an emphasis on toric CY4s and ℂ4 orbifolds with crepant resolutions. We develop a new brane box method to study the physics of Coulomb branch of 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theory that admits a toric construction. Via IIB/M-theory duality we find that the brane box diagram living in ℝ3 can be physically realized as a configuration of intersecting 4-branes which are extended objects in 8D maximal supersymmetric theory, which is shown to be consistent via various chains of dualities. The rank, effective gauge coupling and certain hints to flavor symmetry enhancement of the 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theory are read off from the brane box and cross-checked against the results obtained from geometric engineering. The exotic branes in 8D maximal supersymmetric theory and the 4-string junctions thereof are shown to play a crucial role in the construction of the brane box.
On the frozen F-theory landscape
Authors: Morrison David R. , Sung Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study 6d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (1, 0) supergravity theories arising in the frozen phase of F-theory. For each of the known global models, we construct an F-theory compactification in the unfrozen phase with an identical non-abelian gauge algebra and massless matter content. Two such low energy effective theories are then distinguished through gauge enhancements in moduli space. We study potentially new global models obtained via compact embeddings of a plethora of 6d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (1, 0) superconformal field theories and little string theories constructed using frozen 7-branes. In some cases, these provably do not exist, and in other cases, we explicitly construct a compact embedding, yielding 6d supergravity theories with new massless spectra. Finally, by using gravitational anomaly cancellation, we conjecture the existence of localized neutral hypermultiplets along frozen 7-brane loci.
Harmonic ovals
Authors: Biondi Paola , Durante Nicola , Penttila Tim
Published: May 2024

We show that a central oval in a Moufang Fano plane is a Moufang oval if and only if the oval is harmonic. This shows, for the first time, that harmonic ovals that are not conics exist. In addition, we show that, if a strongly harmonic oval in a Moufang Fano plane exists, then the plane is Pappian and the oval is a conic and that if a harmonic oval in a Moufang plane that is not a Fano plane exists, then the plane is Pappian and the oval is a conic. We also show local versions of these results, characterising conics by the property of: being harmonic at external points on a fixed secant line, being harmonic at external points on a fixed external line, being harmonic at points on a fixed tangent line and being harmonic at all secant lines on a fixed point of the oval. Finally, we give some related characterisation of conics in terms of degenerations of Pascal’s theorem, including the theorem that an oval in a Moufang plane with the four point Pascal property is a conic in a Pappian plane.
Long-Term Bone Mineral Density Changes in Kidney Transplant Recipients Treated with Denosumab: A Retrospective Study with Nonequivalent Control Group
Authors: Fassio Angelo , Andreola Stefano , Gatti Davide , Pollastri Francesco , Gatti Matteo , Fabbrini Paolo , Gambaro Giovanni , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Caletti Chiara , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta , Bixio Riccardo , Adami Giovanni
Published: May 2024

Data on the effectiveness of denosumab on osteoporosis after kidney transplantation are limited. We investigated the long-term bone mineral density (BMD) changes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with denosumab compared to untreated KTRs. We enrolled KTRs treated with denosumab 60 mg/6 months for 4 years. An untreated group of sex and age-matched KTRs with a 1:1 ratio was included. The primary outcome was BMD changes assessed by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry over 4 years. Data on serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were collected. All patients received oral cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation. 23 denosumab-treated KTRs were enrolled, and 23 untreated KTRs. The median time from transplant to the start of denosumab was 4 years (range 0:24). The denosumab group showed a significant increase from baseline in BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) (9.0 ± 10.7%, p < 0.001), and total hip (TH) (3.8 ± 7.9%, p = 0.041). The untreated group showed a significant decrease at all sites (− 3.0 ± 7%, p = 0.041 at the LS; − 6.3 ± 9.2%, p = 0.003 at the TH; − 6.7 ± 9.3%, p = 0.003 at the FN). The between-group differences in percent BMD changes were statistically significant at all sites. Similar results were found for the respective Z-scores. The ALP serum levels significantly decreased from baseline only in the denosumab group, with a significant between-group difference (p = 0.032). No significant differences in serum creatinine, hypocalcaemic events or acute graft rejection rates were observed. Four years of denosumab therapy were associated with increased BMD in KTRs, while untreated KTRs showed significant BMD losses at all sites.