bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural alterations of branched versus linear mixed-surfactant micellar systems with the addition of a complex perfume mixture and dipropylene glycol as cosolvent
Authors: Mirzamani Marzieh , Flickinger Marc , Dawn Arnab , Aswal Vinod , Hammouda Boualem , Jones Ronald L. , Smith Edward D. , Kumari Harshita
Published: May 2022

Personal care products commonly contain perfume mixtures, consisting of numerous perfume raw materials (PRMs), and cosolvents. Depending on the molecular structures of the additives and surfactants, the geometry of the colloidal structures can be affected.
Removal of Cr(vi) and p-chlorophenol and generation of electricity using constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells based on Leersia hexandra Swartz: p-chlorophenol concentration and hydraulic retention time effects
Authors: Wang Yian , Zhang Xuehong , Lin Hua
Published: May 2022

A downflow Leersia hexandra Swartz constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell is used to treat polluted wastewater containing composite mixtures and synchronously generate electricity.
Enhanced C–H bond activation by tuning the local environment of surface lattice oxygen of MoO3
Authors: Jiang Chenggong , Chang Xin , Wang Xianhui , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: May 2022

Tuning of the environmental structure near the lattice oxygen of molybdenum oxides can form a favorable spatial structure to enhance the intrinsic activity for C–H bond activation.
Hierarchical nickel–cobalt sulfide/niobium pentoxide decorated green carbon spheres toward efficient energy storage
Authors: Hekmat Farzaneh , Shahi Mahdiyeh , Dubal Deepak P. , Shahrokhian Saeed
Published: May 2022

Progression in the renewable energy field is tied to the development of high-performance energy storage devices with superior power and energy densities.
A strong Jahn–Teller distortion in Mn3O4–MnO heterointerfaces for enhanced silver catalyzed formaldehyde reforming into hydrogen
Authors: Yu Xuehan , Qian Kaicheng , Du Leilei , Zhang Jiemei , Lu Nan , Miao Ziqiang , Li Yuezhou , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Yan Xiaoqing , Li Renhong
Published: May 2022

The Jahn–Teller effect has received intense interest in the field of catalysis because of its ability to optimize the surface electron state to tune the adsorption behavior of reactants on catalysts.
Cell adhesion strength and tractions are mechano-diagnostic features of cellular invasiveness
Authors: Paddillaya Neha , Ingale Kalyani , Gaikwad Chaitanya , Saini Deepak Kumar , Pullarkat Pramod , Kondaiah Paturu , Menon Gautam I. , Gundiah Namrata
Published: May 2022

Invasive cells show significantly lower critical de-adhesion strength, and high cell spread areas when adhered to substrates, as compared to non-invasive cells which are characterized by low tractions and high de-adhesion strengths.
Understanding the different cross-membrane transport kinetics of two charged molecules on the DOPG lipid surface with second harmonic generation and MD simulation
Authors: Hou Yi , Xu Baomei , Chen Shun-li , Gan Wei , Yuan Qunhui , Lin Xi
Published: May 2022

The dynamic behavior of two charged molecules on DOPG lipids was revealed by second harmonic generation and MD simulation.
The effect of hydration and dehydration on the conformation, assembling behavior and photoluminescence of PBLG
Authors: Liu Zhen , Shi Xinjie , Shu Wenchao , Qi Shuo , Wang Xiaosong , He Xiaohua
Published: May 2022

Hydration and dehydration play crucial roles in hydrophobic effects (HEs) and are yet to be understood.
Bijel rheology reveals a 2D colloidal glass wrapped in 3D
Authors: Ching Herman , Mohraz Ali
Published: May 2022

We present rheological evidence demonstrating the glass-like nature of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels).
Pure hydrogen and sulfur production from H2S by an electrochemical approach using a NiCu–MoS2 catalyst
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: May 2022

NiCu–MoS2 shows remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards H2S electrolysis and provides a promising route for easy sulfur recovery and energy saving H2 production compared to H2O electrolysis.
Tumor-targeting biomimetic sonosensitizer-conjugated iron oxide nanocatalysts for combinational chemodynamic–sonodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Cheng Danling , Ding Mengbin , Yu Ningyue , Liu Jiansheng , Li Jingchao , Lin Lin
Published: May 2022

Tumor-targeting biomimetic sonosensitizer-conjugated iron oxide nanocatalysts are developed for combinational chemodynamic–sonodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer.
Lithium-ion distribution and motion in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: the example of TAPB-PDA COF
Authors: Zhang Hanyin , Li Haoyuan
Published: May 2022

Efficient molecular dynamics simulations with electronic continuum correction show that ion clusters form inside covalent organic frameworks, resulting in noncontinuous pathways detrimental to Li+ transport.
Realizing high thermoelectric performance in GeTe by defect engineering on cation sites
Authors: Zhu Can , Luo Feng , Wang Jian , Zhang Shun , Wang Jiafu , Liu Hongxia , Sun Zhigang
Published: May 2022

A large ZT of 1.89 is obtained in GeTe with Ti/Bi co-doping and Ge self-doping on cation sites. Doping of 1.5 mol% Ti can enhance the effective mass and quality factor B. The Ge-excess method has a better modulation effect than the Ge-deficient method.
Tailoring the interface assembly of mesoporous TiO2 on BTO film toward high-performance UV photodetectors
Authors: Su Li , Li Ziqing , Cao Fa , Liu Xinya , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: May 2022

A heterojunction film consisting of BaTiO3@mesoporous TiO2 was engineered via an interface assembly strategy and spin-coating to fabricate a highly efficient UV photodetector.
3Es: An All-Inclusive Stuttering Therapy Tool
Authors: Gore Katie , Luckman Margulis Courtney
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

There are many therapy approaches for stuttering, but speech-language pathologists (SLPs) often report that they are uncomfortable treating stuttering. The 3Es model for stuttering therapy (education, ease, and empowerment) is proposed to help SLPs understand stuttering treatment options efficiently and effectively. This model is based on emerging stuttering research trends such as redefining stuttering, anticipation of stuttering, and stigma of stuttering. A primary function of the 3Es model is to serve as a translational research-to-practice funnel for practicing SLPs.

Conclusions:

This tool is conceptualized by identifying three key thematic components of stuttering therapy: education, ease, and empowerment. The Es are the values-based themes of stuttering therapy, and a successful application of the model will create an accessible, robust, and structured “menu” of activities for clinicians to use in treatment planning. These therapy activities can be flexibly combined to provide holistic stuttering therapy and communication outcomes, which include competence, confidence, and change.
A review on short‐term load forecasting models for micro‐grid application
Authors: Kondaiah V. Y. , Saravanan B. , Sanjeevikumar P. , Khan Baseem
Published: May 2022

Load forecasting (LF), particularly short‐term load forecasting (STLF), plays a vital role throughout the operation of the conventional power system. The precise modelling and complex analyses of STLF have become more significant in advanced microgrid (MG) applications. Several models are proposed for STLF and tested successfully in the literature. The selection of a forecasting method is mostly based on data availability and its objectives. This article presents a survey of the latest analytical and approximation techniques reported in the literature to model STLF in an MG environment. This article mainly focusses on the review on important methods applied to forecast renewable energy availability, energy demand, and price and load demand. Different models, their main objectives, methodology, error percentage, and so forth, are critically reviewed and analysed. For quick reference, we have highlighted the important points in the form tables. The researchers can quickly identify and frame their research problem related to the LF area by reading this review paper.
Starbursts with suppressed velocity dispersion revealed in a forming cluster at z  =  2.51
Authors: Xiao M.-Y. , Wang T. , Elbaz D. , Iono D. , Lu X. , Bing L.-J. , Daddi E. , Magnelli B. , Gómez-Guijarro C. , Bournaud F. , Gu Q.-S. , Jin S. , Valentino F. , Zanella A. , Gobat R. , Martin S. , Brammer G. , Kohno K. , Schreiber C. , Ciesla L. , Yu X.-L. , Okumura K.
Published: May 2022

One of the most prominent features of galaxy clusters is the presence of a dominant population of massive ellipticals in their cores. Stellar archaeology suggests that these gigantic beasts assembled most of their stars in the early Universe via starbursts. However, the role of dense environments and their detailed physical mechanisms in triggering starburst activities remain unknown. Here we report spatially resolved Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the CO J = 3−2 emission line, with a resolution of about 2.5 kpc, toward a forming galaxy cluster core with starburst galaxies at z = 2.51. In contrast to starburst galaxies in the field often associated with galaxy mergers or highly turbulent gaseous disks, our observations show that the two starbursts in the cluster exhibit dynamically cold (rotation-dominated) gas-rich disks. Their gas disks have extremely low velocity dispersion (σ0 ∼ 20−30 km s−1), which is three times lower than their field counterparts at similar redshifts. The high gas fraction and suppressed velocity dispersion yield gravitationally unstable gas disks, which enables highly efficient star formation. The suppressed velocity dispersion, likely induced by the accretion of corotating and coplanar cold gas, might serve as an essential avenue to trigger starbursts in massive halos at high redshifts.
Wide-angle protostellar outflows driven by narrow jets in stratified cores
Authors: Rabenanahary M. , Cabrit S. , Meliani Z. , Pineau des Forêts G.
Published: May 2022

Most simulations of outflow feedback on star formation are based on the assumption that outflows are driven by a wide angle “X-wind,” rather than a narrow jet. However, the arguments initially raised against pure jet-driven flows were based on steady ejection in a uniform medium, a notion that is no longer supported based on recent observations. We aim to determine whether a pulsed narrow jet launched in a density-stratified, self-gravitating core could reproduce typical molecular outflow properties, without the help of a wide-angle wind component. We performed axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations using the MPI-AMRVAC code with optically thin radiative cooling and grid refinement down to 5 au, on timescales up to 10 000 yr. Then we computed the predicted properties for the purposes of a comparison with observational data. First, the jet-driven shell expands much faster and wider through a core with steeply decreasing density than through an uniform core. Second, when blown into the same singular flattened core, a jet-driven shell shows a similar width as a wide-angle wind-driven shell in the first few hundred years, but a decelerating expansion on long timescales. The flow adopts a conical shape, with a sheared velocity field along the shell walls and a base opening angle reaching up toa≃ 90°. Third, at realistic ages of ~10 000 yr, a pulsed jet-driven shell shows fitting features along with a qualitative resemblance with recent observations of protostellar outflows with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, such as HH46–47 and CARMA–7. In particular, similarities can be seen in the shell widths, opening angles, position-velocity diagrams, and mass-velocity distribution, with some showing a closer resemblance than in simulations based on a wide-angle “X-wind” model. Therefore, taking into account a realistic ambient density stratification in addition to millenia-long integration times is equally essential to reliably predict the properties of outflows driven by a pulsed jet and to confront them with the observations.
Dancing with the stars: Stirring up extraordinary turbulence in Galactic center clouds
Authors: Tassis Konstantinos , Pavlidou Vasiliki
Published: May 2022

Context. Molecular clouds in the central molecular zone (CMZ) have been observed to feature turbulent line widths that are significantly higher, and scale with cloud size more steeply, than in the rest of the Milky Way. In the same Galactic region, the stellar density is also much higher than in the rest of the Milky Way, and the vertical stellar velocity dispersion is large, meaning that even young stars are likely to cross the entire vertical extent of the CMZ within their lifetimes.

Aims. We investigate whether interactions of CMZ molecular clouds with crossing stars can account for the extraordinary properties of observed turbulence in this part of the Galaxy.

Methods. We calculated the rate of energy deposition by stars crossing CMZ clouds due to (a) stellar winds and (b) dynamical friction, and compared it to the rate of turbulence decay. We calculated the predicted scaling of turbulence line width with cloud size in each case.

Results. We find that energy deposition by stellar winds of crossing massive stars can account for both the level and the scaling of CMZ cloud turbulence with cloud size. We also find that the mechanism stops being effective at a Galactocentric distance comparable to the CMZ extent. On the other hand, we find that dynamical friction by crossing stars does not constitute a significant driver of turbulence for CMZ clouds.
Growth after the streaming instability: The radial distance dependence of the planetary growth
Authors: Jang Hyerin , Liu Beibei , Johansen Anders
Published: May 2022

Streaming instability is hypothesized to be triggered at particular protoplanetary disk locations where the volume density of the solid particles is enriched comparable to that of the gas. A ring of planetesimals thus forms when this condition is fulfilled locally. These planetesimals collide with each other and accrete inward drifting pebbles from the outer disk to further increase masses. We investigate the growth of the planetesimals that form in a ring-belt at various disk radii. Their initial mass distributions are calculated based on the formula summarized from the streaming instability simulations. We simulate the subsequent dynamical evolution of the planetesimals with a protoplanetary disk model based either on the minimum mass solar nebula (MMSN) or on the Toomre stability criterion. For the MMSN model, both pebble accretion and planetesimal accretion are efficient at a close-in orbit of 0.3 AU, resulting in the emergence of several super-Earth mass planets after 1 Myr. For comparison, only the most massive planetesimals undergo substantial mass growth when they are born at r = 3 AU, while the planetesimals at r = 30 AU experience little or no growth. On the other hand, in the denser Toomre disk, the most massive forming planets can reach Earth mass at t = 1 Myr and reach a mass between that of Neptune and that of Saturn within 3 Myr at 30 AU and 100 AU. Both the pebble and planetesimal accretion rate decrease with disk radial distance. Nevertheless, planetesimal accretion is less pronounced than pebble accretion at more distant disk regions. Taken together, the planets acquire higher masses when the disk has a higher gas density, a higher pebble flux, and/or a lower Stokes number of pebbles.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Winkel N. , Husemann B. , Davis T. A. , Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Bennert V. N. , Combes F. , Gaspari M. , Jahnke K. , Neumann J. , O’Dea C. P. , Pérez-Torres M. , Singha M. , Tremblay G. R. , Rix H. W.
Published: May 2022

Context.The host galaxy conditions for rapid supermassive black hole growth are poorly understood. Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies often exhibit high accretion rates and are hypothesized to be prototypes of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at an early stage of their evolution.

Aims.We present adaptive optics (AO) assisted VLT MUSE NFM observations of Mrk 1044, the nearest super-Eddington accreting NLS1. Together with archival MUSE WFM data, we aim to understand the host galaxy processes that drive Mrk 1044’s black hole accretion.

Methods.We extracted the faint stellar continuum emission from the AGN-deblended host and performed spatially resolved emission line diagnostics with an unprecedented resolution. Combining both MUSE WFM and NFM-AO observations, we used a kinematic model of a thin rotating disk to trace the stellar and ionized gas motion from 10 kpc galaxy scales down to ∼30 pc around the nucleus.

Results.Mrk 1044’s stellar kinematics follow circular rotation, whereas the ionized gas shows tenuous spiral features in the center. We resolve a compact star-forming circumnuclear ellipse (CNE) that has a semi-minor axis of 306 pc. Within this CNE, the gas is metal-rich and its line ratios are entirely consistent with excitation by star formation. With an integrated star formation rate of 0.19 ± 0.05 M⊙ yr−1, the CNE contributes 27% of the galaxy-wide star formation.

Conclusions.We conclude that Mrk 1044’s nuclear activity has not yet affected the circumnuclear star formation. Thus, Mrk 1044 is consistent with the idea that NLS1s are young AGN. A simple mass budget consideration suggests that the circumnuclear star formation and AGN phase are connected and the patterns in the ionized gas velocity field are a signature of the ongoing AGN feeding.
On the effect of concentration and wettability on polymer drops impact, dynamics and energy dissipation
Authors: Bennacer Rachid , Ma Xiaoyan , Sefiane Khellil
Published: May 2022

The present study aims to understand the influence of small quantities of poly-ethylene oxide (PEO) diluted in pure distilled water with concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 parts per million (ppm) in the impact phenomenon of drops onto substrates of Parafilm M, aluminium and glass. Both the static aspects (i.e., maximum spreading area) and the dynamic aspect (i.e., recoiling velocities), and different parameters of contact angle oscillations of the droplet are analysed. Results show that the maximum spreading diameter, dissipation mechanisms, and oscillations period all increase with the release height. Unlike contact angles oscillations envelope which gets thinner, oscillations length decreases with the increase of release height. Polymer concentration influences the maximum spreading base diameter of drops on non-hydrophobic substrates, i.e., higher concentration slows down recoiling velocities, reduces oscillations length, enhances dissipation mechanisms, and influences oscillations period as well. In addition, the wettability of substrates influences the spreading phase, drop rebound, and can damp recoiling of the polymer drops. A hydrophilic substrate reduces the oscillations length, increases their period and lessens their amplitude decay. The dependence of oscillations on the concentration illustrates a clear different behaviour on Aluminium surfaces (hydrophilic) and on Parafilm M surfaces (hydrophobic). The initial amplitude and the damping rate were analysed and related to the concentration.
Revenue and risk sharing in view of uncertain demand during the pandemics
Authors: Huang Yen-Deng , Widyadana Gede Agus , Wee Hui Ming , Blos Mauricio Fontoura
Published: May 2022

Due to stochastic demand during the pandemics and uncertain environment, the vendor and the retailer share their risks and benefits by applying revenue sharing and markdown policy in order to reduce the risks and achieve a win-win contract. Three supply chain coordination policies, decentralized policy, centralized vendor-retailer policy and centralized vendor-retailer revenue sharing policy are developed. An example with uniform probability demand is used to illustrate the model. The result shows that the revenue sharing contract is more attractive for the retailer, and the centralized policy is more attractive for the vendor. Therefore, price markdowns are used to share benefits. The sensitivity analysis shows that the number of markdowns is not sensitive to the variances in the uniform demand distribution. A win-win contract based on a revenue sharing and price markdown is developed. A case example shows that the mechanism of price markdowns and revenue sharing contract affect the optimal supply chain profit in view of the pandemics and uncertain environment.
Implantatversagen nach Instrumentierungen bei Osteoporose: Ursachen und
Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Schmidt René
Published: May 2022

Die Osteoporose stellt eine der grössten Herausforderungen in der instrumentierten
Wirbelsäulenchirurgie dar. Verschiedene prä-, intra- und postoperative Ansätze können
verfolgt werden um die Komplikationsrate zu verringern. Die verschiedenen Ansätze werden
in diesem Artikel beleuchtet.
Implantatversagen aufgrund von Infekt/Low-grade Infekt – Ursachen und
Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Ringel Florian , Jägersberg Max
Published: May 2022

Implantatversagen im Sinne von Implantatlockerungen sind eine regelmäßige Komplikation
spinaler Instrumentierungen. Die Ursachen von Implantatlockerungen sind oft aseptisch.
Allerdings zeigen eine Reihe jüngerer Studien, dass Infektionen, insbesondere „low-grade“
Infektionen für einen relevanten Anteil der Implantatlockerungen ursächlich sind. Diese
Infekt-bedingten Implantatlockerungen bedürfen einer angepassten Strategie im Hinblick auf
Diagnostik und Therapie. Zur sicheren Diagnostik Infekt-bedingter Lockerungen sind
Sonikate der Implantate notwendig. Die Implantatentfernung oder ein -tausch bei Lockerung
sollte von einer angepassten Antibiotikatherapie begleitet sein.
Aegroti salus suprema lex
Authors: Bergmann Antje , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: May 2022

Liebe Kollegen,

gerade geht der diesjährige Internistenkongress in Wiesbaden zu Ende. Es war sehr erquickend, sich wieder mal persönlich zu treffen, es war fantastisch, durch die Kongresshalle zu laufen und an vielen Ecken Kollegen, Freunde, Bekannte und Mitstreiter zu treffen, miteinander zu sprechen̶ erst dann merkt man, was wir die letzen Jahre vermisst haben. Es war aber auch sehr interessant zu beobachten, dass sehr viele Kollegen online am Kongress teilgenommen haben und sich intensiv eingebracht, mitdiskutiert, Fragen gestellt haben und in den Hallen präsent gewesen sind.
Gesundheitspolitik der neuen Bundesregierung
Authors: Fabisch Gottlobe
Published: May 2022

Die gesundheitspolitischen Ziele der Ampelkoalition reichen von der Stärkung der Pflege- und Gesundheitsfachberufe über Digitalisierung und neue Versorgungsformen bis hin zu einer langfristig stabilen Finanzierung des Gesundheitswesens und der Pflege. Der aktuelle Koalitionsvertrag 1 bietet allerdings keinen konkreten Maßnahmenkatalog, sondern listet eher eine Vielzahl an Absichtserklärungen, auch für neue Vorhaben. Dazu gehören u. a. ein allgemeines Heilberufegesetz, sektorengleiche Vergütung geeigneter Leistungen durch sogenannte Hybrid-DRG, ein Modellprojekt zum Direktzugang für Patient*innen zu therapeutischen Berufen, die kontrollierte Abgabe von Cannabis an Erwachsene zu Genusszwecken in lizenzierten Geschäften, die Integration der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung in ein neues Bundesinstitut für öffentliche Gesundheit, Gendermedizin als Teil des Medizinstudiums und der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildungen der Gesundheitsfachberufe sowie die Verstetigung des Innovationsfonds.
Influence of the Type and Thickness of Cervical Margins on the Strength of Posterior Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: A Review
Authors: Haddad Camille , Azzi Kathy
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to review the literature for the influence of the thickness and shape of cervicalmargins on the strength of posterior monolithic zirconia crowns. Studies to assess the fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns with different types of cervical margins, published from 2014 to 2020, were searched using the electronic database PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “monolithic zirconia,” “translucent,” “shoulderless,” and “margin preparation design.” Analysis of studies has shown that overall the design of the margin would have a significant effect on the strength of these crowns. Monolithic zirconia crowns with a knife-edge margin have shown a breaking load higher than the maximum chewing force of humans. It would be safe to suggest the utilization of posteriormonolithic zirconia crowns with vertical preparation. As the new translucent monolithic zirconia crowns are recent, further studies would be needed to guide the selection of the appropriate minimum thickness of the knife-edge margin to meet the clinical guidelines for their use.
Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with Combined Use of Corticosteroids and Intravenous Immunoglobulin—Report from Bursa, Turkey
Authors: Bozdemir Sefika Elmas , Türe Esra , Altin Hakan , Ertek Sümeyye , Aktürk Berna , Kırkas Özlem Gül , Koçkuzu Esra , Yarci Erbu , Sahin Sabit
Published: May 2022

Objective In this article, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings and outcomes of patients treated with corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in two centers in Bursa, Turkey.

Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes of MIS-C cases treated in two centers from April 2020 to February 2021. Patients were compared both according to their clinical categorization and the place they were hospitalized in, as well as with studies published in the literature.

Results Fifty-six patients were included. Thirty-six (64.3%) were male with a mean age of 67.95 ± 50.87 months. Thirty patients (53.5%) were categorized as Kawasaki-like disease, 17 (30.3%) sepsis-like disease, and 9 (16%) were toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Admission symptoms were fever (100%), rash (71.4%), myalgia (69.6%), and abdominal pain (62.5%). Seventeen (30.3%) patients were hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit. Elevated C-reactive protein levels, procalcitonin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, D-dimer, and troponin were found in 100, 77, 84, 84, and 23.2% of the patients, respectively. Of all, 55 (98.2%) received IVIG, 54 (96.4%) corticosteroids, 56 (100%) antibiotic therapy, 22 (40%) albumin infusion, and 13 (23.2%) inotropic support. Fifty patients (89.3%) received low-molecular-weight heparin: enoxaparin, followed by acetylsalicylic acid treatment. Only one patient who was resistant to both IVIG and steroid treatment received Anakinra. One patient (1.7%) with TSS died within 1 hour of hospitalization.

Conclusion Combined use of IVIG and corticosteroids is an effective way of treatment in MIS-C patients resulting in low mortality.
Cervical Length Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Preterm Labor: A Survey of National Use and Review of Evidence
Authors: Boelig Rupsa C. , Mcintosh Jennifer , Feltovich Helen , House Michael
Published: May 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to survey national utilization of cervical length (CL) ultrasound on labor and delivery (L&D) for the evaluation of preterm labor (PTL) and identify provider attitudes and barriers to utilization.

Study Design Survey was emailed to Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Fellowship program and advertised via links on obstetric-related Facebook interest groups. The survey was open from August 4, 2020 to January 4, 2021. Characteristics between respondents who did and did not report the use of CL ultrasound for PTL evaluation were compared with chi-square analysis.

Results There were 214 respondents across 42 states. One hundred and thirty-four respondents (63%) reported any use of CL in the evaluation of PTL and eighty (37%) denied it. There was a significant difference in practice location, practice type, delivery volume, and region between those who did and did not utilize CL ultrasound on L&D. Those who did use CL ultrasound were more likely to report no barriers to use (40 vs. 4%, p < 0.001). The most common barriers involved the availability of transvaginal ultrasound (31%), sterilization of transvaginal ultrasound probe (32%), limited availability of persons able to perform/interpret CL imaging (38%). Nineteen percent believed CL ultrasound had little/no utility in clinical practice. Those who did not use CL ultrasound in the evaluation of PTL were significantly more likely to report the feeling that there was little/no utility of CL ultrasound in clinical practice (37 vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and to report transvaginal ultrasound availability as barriers to use (63 vs. 12%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion CL ultrasound is used nationally in PTL evaluation. However, significant barriers limit widespread adoption. These barriers can be addressed through the dissemination of information and practice guidelines, addition of CL ultrasound education in residency training and through CME opportunities after training, and providing support/resources/access for those looking to add this tool to their practice environment.

Key Points
Comparison of Two Stifle Exploratory Methods Using Mini-Arthrotomy for Diagnosis of Canine Medial Meniscal Pathology: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Kmieciak Lauren A. , Aulakh Karanvir S. , Harper Tisha A.M. , Mitchell Mark A. , Butler Ryan J. , Liu Chin-Chi , Aulakh Harmeet K.
Published: May 2022

Objective The main aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of stifle exploratory using either a stifle distractor (SD method) or a combination of Hohmann and Senn retractors (HS method) for diagnosing canine medial meniscal tears in cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles.

Study Design Fifteen pairs of canine cadaveric pelvic limbs were used and cranial cruciate ligament were transected in all stifles. Paired limbs were then randomly assigned to one of five groups based on the tears created in the caudal pole of the medial meniscus: no tear, peripheral detachment, or a variation in three vertical longitudinal tears. A craniomedial mini-arthrotomy was performed by two observers and diagnosis of the medial meniscal status was made utilizing the HS and SD methods. Correct diagnosis of the meniscal tear was compared for both methods and observers.

Results Correct diagnoses were made using the HS and SD methods in 24/30 and 24/30 cases for observer 1 respectively; and in 17/30 and 19/30 cases for observer 2 respectively. There was no significant difference in the correct diagnosis of meniscal tears within each observer between the two methods.

Conclusion Both HS and SD methods have equal accuracy for the diagnosis of canine medial meniscal pathology for a board-certified surgeon. Unassisted surgeons using the SD method for the evaluation of the medial meniscus are at no diagnostic disadvantage compared with assisted surgeons utilizing the HS method.
Plasmon-induced super-semiconductor at room temperature in nanostructured bimetallic arrays
Authors: Li Zhigang , Cui Xiangke , Wang Xiaowei , Wang Zongpeng , Fang Minghu , Feng Shangshen , Liu Yanping , Chen Jigen , Wang Tianle , Liu Hengji , Xia Zhenhai , Wei Bingqing
Published: May 2022

Solid-state electrical conducting materials can be roughly categorized as superconductors, conductors, and semiconductors, depending on their conducting carriers, resistance, and band structures. This research reports the discovery of super-semiconductors, whose resistivity is 3–10 orders of magnitude lower than conventional semiconductors at room temperature. In addition, there is a transition from a metal state to a super-semiconducting state at near room temperatures, which is accompanied by an increase in hole carrier density and the mobility increase in electrons. For the first time, a hole-dominated carrier metal is observed in nanostructured bimetallic arrays near room temperature, and no other special conditions are required. Such a behavior is due to the generation of hot electrons and holes induced by metal plasmon resonance in the infrared range in the nanostructured bimetallic arrays. Our research empowers metals with semiconductor features and paves the way to realize ultra-low-power metal-based semiconductor devices.
Effect of initial temperature on impact-induced spalling behavior in single-crystal aluminum studied by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Luo Guoqiang , Huang Shanglin , Hu Jianian , Zhu Youlin , Wang Junjie , Yang Gang , Zhang Ruizhi , Sun Yi , Zhang Jian , Shen Qiang
Published: May 2022

Spallation is a typical dynamic fracture mode under shock loading and has attracted the attention of most researchers. However, due to the difficulty in measuring temperature in dynamic experiments, the effect of initial temperature on spalling response has been rarely investigated. Molecular dynamics simulation perfectly corresponds to the short duration and high strain rate of the spalling process. Therefore, in this work, molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the spalling reaction of single-crystal aluminum at different initial temperatures. The research has shown that the evolution of spallation is related to dislocation and hole nucleation. First, the spall strength of the material decreases as initial temperature increases, while the dislocation density gradually increases. However, when the initial temperature increases to 750 K, the dislocation density decreases. Then, the number of holes and the degree of damage change as initial temperature increases. However, at the low impact strength (v < 2.0 km/s), the changes in the number of holes and the degree of damage are highly dependent on the initial temperature. In the case of high impact strength, the opposite is true. Finally, the thermodynamic path of the material during impact compression is studied. It is found that melting may occur during compression, release or tension, and damage stages, depending on the initial temperature and impact strength. The discovery and research of these systems have laid a solid foundation for subsequent studies.
Interplay between Auger recombination, carrier leakage, and polarization in InGaAlN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes
Authors: Tsai Y.-C. , Bayram C. , Leburton J.-P.
Published: May 2022

In conventional hexagonal InGaAlN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) (h-) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), carrier leakage from QWs is the main source of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) degradation without contributing to the LED efficiency droop. Our analysis based on the newly developed Open Boundary Quantum LED Simulator indicates that radiative recombination is hampered by the poor electron–hole wavefunction overlap induced by strong internal polarization for which QW carriers mostly recombine via Auger scattering rather than by radiative processes. By contrast, in non-polar h-LEDs, the IQE peak doubles its value compared to conventional h-LEDs while quenching the efficiency droop by 70% at current density of 100 A/cm2. Those effects are further enhanced in cubic InGaAlN MQW (c-) LEDs for which the IQE peak increases by an additional 30%, and the efficiency droop is further reduced by 80% compared to non-polar h-LEDs, thanks to the larger optical transition matrix element and the strong electron–hole wavefunction overlap in c-LEDs. Overall, a c-LED with a low efficiency droop of 3% at 100 A/cm2 is anticipated, paving a clear pathway toward ultimate solid-state lighting.
Low regularity ill-posedness for non-strictly hyperbolic systems in three dimensions
Authors: An Xinliang , Chen Haoyang , Yin Silu
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we survey a new approach combining algebraic and geometric ideas, with which we prove low regularity ill-posedness for quasilinear hyperbolic systems with non-strict hyperbolicity in three dimensions. These systems are also associated with multiple wave-speeds.
Atmospheric pollution from rockets
Authors: Kokkinakis Ioannis W. , Drikakis Dimitris
Published: May 2022

We address the impact of rocket exhaust gases on atmospheric pollution through high-resolution computational fluid dynamics simulations. We have modeled the exhaust gases and developing plume at several altitudes along a typical trajectory of a standard present-day rocket, as a prototypical example of a two-stage rocket to transport people and payloads into Earth's orbit and beyond. The modeled rocket uses RP-1 as the propellant and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer to generate ∼6806 kN of thrust via a total of nine nozzles, matching—as closely as possible based on available data—the specifications to the Thaicom 8 launch mission of the Falcon 9 rocket manufactured by SpaceX. We have used high-order discretization methods, 11th-order accurate, in conjunction with implicit large eddy simulations to model exhaust gas mixing, dispersion, and heat transfer into the atmosphere at altitudes up to 67 km. We show that pollution from rockets should not be underestimated as frequent future rocket launches could have a significant cumulative effect on climate. The production of thermal nitrogen oxides can remain considerable up to altitudes with an ambient atmospheric pressure below but of the same order of magnitude as the nozzles exit pressure. At the same time, the emitted mass of carbon dioxide in the mesosphere is equivalent to that contained in 26 km3 of atmospheric air at the same altitude.
Emerging opportunities with metal-organic framework electrosynthetic platforms
Authors: Kuruvinashetti Kiran , Li Junnan , Zhang Yuxuan , Bemana Hossein , McKee Morgan , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: May 2022

The development of electrochemical technologies is becoming increasingly important due to their growing part in renewable energy conversion and storage. Within this context, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are finding an important role as electrocatalysts. Specifically, their molecularly defined structure across several lengths scales endows them functionality not accessible with conventional heterogeneous catalysts. To this end, this perspective will focus on the unique features within MOFs and their analogs that enable them to carry out electrocatalytic reactions in unique ways to synthesize fuels and value-added chemicals from abundant building blocks like CO2 and N2. We start with a brief overview of the initial advent of MOF electrocatalysts prior to moving to overview the forefront of the field of MOF-based electrosynthesis. The main discussion focuses on three principal directions in MOF-based electrosynthesis: multifunctional active sites, electronic modulation, and catalytic microenvironments. To conclude, we identify several challenges in the next stage of MOF electrocatalyst development and offer several key directions to take as the field matures.
In situ triggering metallicity in 3D graphene via constructing wrinkle configuration
Authors: Lin Zizhen , Du Yanzheng , Li Peng , Chi Cheng , Lu Yang , Dang Hao , Song Dongxing , Ma Weigang , Li Yinshi , Zhang Xing
Published: May 2022

Freestanding 3D graphene with a controllable electronic state is quite desirable for high-power all-carbon electronics. Although field-effect doping and charge doping have been demonstrated to manipulate the electronic properties of graphene derivatives, using these strategies to achieve nanoscale control remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a strategy for in situ triggering metallicity in semiconductor 3D graphene films (GFs) by building 1D wrinkles. Moreover, the controllable engineering of wrinkles represents a feasible way to realize the manipulation of 1D metallic states with characteristic width ranging from nanoscale to mesoscale. The global metallicity is achieved in GFs by constructing wrinkle percolation networks. The idea of in situ triggering metallicity in semiconducting graphene demonstrates potential application in high-power nanoelectronics. A striking case is that in situ constructing 1D metallic wrinkle provides a promising candidate as the metallic wire interconnects in all-carbon electronics.
Optical evaluation of a double-layered ultrasound liquid crystal lens
Authors: Onaka Jessica , Koyama Daisuke , Kuroda Yuma , Emoto Akira , Matsukawa Mami
Published: May 2022

A method to improve the performance of an ultrasound liquid crystal lens is proposed. A double-layer-based lens model tailored based on the liquid crystal’s physical properties, e.g., its dielectric anisotropy and elastic constants, is presented as an alternative method to improve the lens’s optical performance while forming weak anchoring surfaces for nematic liquid crystals, thus promoting easier reorientation of the liquid crystal molecules. The lens configuration was simulated by finite-element analysis using Ansys software. The lens’s physical and optical characteristics were evaluated via comparison using two different liquid crystal materials: 5CB and RDP-85475. The birefringence distribution within the liquid crystal layer was investigated under ultrasound excitation, and the molecular angles of inclination were estimated. A higher birefringence distribution, greater molecular inclination, and a longer focal length were obtained for the double-layered liquid crystal lens using the 5CB material.
Far-field super-resolution focusing with weak side lobes and defect detection via an ultrasonic meta-lens of sharp-edge apertures
Authors: Zeng Long-Sheng , Li Zhi-Min , Lin Zi-Bin , Wu Hao , Peng Yu-Gui , Zhu Xue-Feng
Published: May 2022

Breaking the diffraction limit to achieve super-resolution focusing is a long-sought goal in the field of acoustic imaging and detection. Here, we demonstrated super-resolution focusing of high-frequency ultrasound (5 MHz) based on an acoustic meta-lens with four centrosymmetric dart-like sharp-edge apertures. For the diffracted ultrasound carrying high spatial frequencies, super-resolution focusing is generated in the far field with mainlobe size breaking the diffraction limit (<1.22λ). Different from previous far-field super-resolution focusing, where the sidelobe intensity is close to or even larger than the mainlobe intensity, the sidelobe intensity in our case is weak. We further conducted fine defect detection (∼200 μm) by utilizing our designed far-field super-resolution focusing to verify its nondestructive testing performance.
Stress-induced Néel vector reorientation in
γ
-FeMn antiferromagnetic thin films
Authors: Shirazi Paymon , Panduranga Mohanchandra K. , Lee Taehwan , Barra Anthony , Estrada Victor , Tran David L. , Sepulveda Abdon E. , Carman Gregory P.
Published: May 2022

The relationship between stresses and the orientation of the Néel vector were studied by varying the residual stresses in magnetron sputtered FeMn thin films by adjusting Argon working pressures. Quasistatic magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements reveal that the FeMn film with compressive stress (−27 MPa/−0.015% strain) possesses an out-of-plane Néel vector orientation with a 44 kOe spin-flop field, as contrasted to the FeMn film with tensile stress (25 MPa/0.014% strain) showing an in-plane orientation with a 34 kOe spin-flop field. An energy formulation for the films estimates a magnetostriction value of 109 ppm following an effective anisotropy of −8 kJ/m3. The film with the larger residual stress (77 MPa/0.043% strain) displayed a strain-induced phase transition from γ-FeMn to α-FeMn. These results show the dependency of the Néel vector on the stress state indicative of relatively large magnetostriction.
Exploring lactic acid bacteria diversity for better fermentation of plant-based dairy alternatives
Authors: Huang Wenkang , Wätjen Anders Peter , Prakash Sangeeta , Bang-Berthelsen Claus Heiner , Turner Mark S.
Published: May 2022

Plant-based foods have risen in popularity in recent years including a number of dairy alternative products. Fermentation has the potential to support the development of innovative plant-based foods with enhanced flavour, texture and nutritional quality. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used for thousands of years to carry out fermentation of a wide variety of food substrates through production of organic acids and flavour compounds. However, LAB strains used in dairy fermentations are commonly found to be suboptimal in their metabolism of plant substrates, so efforts to identify alternative strains are needed. We provide an overview of the plant-based milk alternative category and explore screening approaches (including citizen-science efforts) to identify new LAB that hold potential in acidification and flavour formation of plant-based substrates.
Histology, ultrastructure, and differential gene expression in relation to seasonal sperm storage in the oviduct of the Chinese alligator,
Authors: Nie Haitao , Wen Yue , Zhang Ruidong , Wu Mengjuan , Zhang Yuqian , Xu Yunlu , Zhan Jixiang , Wu Xiaobing
Published: May 2022

Although oviductal sperm storage are essential steps in reproduction for female animals with internal fertilisation, no systematic study on the identification of genes involving sperm storage has been performed in crocodilian species. In the present research, the relationship between morphological variation related to sperm storage in the oviduct and gene expression patterns derived from RNA sequencing analyses between active period (AP), breeding period (BP), and hibernation period (HP) were investigated. The corresponding results indicated that sperm were observed not only in the ciliated cells within infundibulum and mucosal layer of uterus during BP, but also been detected in the spermatosperm storage tube (SST) in the anterior uterus at HP stage. The further transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that the differences in the number and activity of the secretory cells likely to attributed to the seasonal variation of microenvironment related to the sperm storage. Based on the RNA-sequecing, 13 147 DEGs related to the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and FOXO signalling were identified, including these, the down-regulated ATG12 and BCL2L11 in the HP group may thus constitute an important point of convergence between autophagy and apoptosis involving the FOXO1 pathway. The genes involved in the PPARs pathway might modulate the immune response and thereby contribute to prolong the life span of stored spermatozoa in Alligator sinensis. The outcomes of this study provide fundamental insights into the mechanism of sperm storage in A. sinensis.
Balance of osmotic pressures determines the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio of the cell
Authors: Deviri Dan , Safran Samuel A.
Published: May 2022

Significance

For over a century, it has been known that the ratio of the nuclear and cytoplasm volumes (NC ratio), rather than the separate volumes, is constant among cells of many types of organisms. Changes of the NC ratio are associated with cancerous transformations, suggesting that the ratio has physiological importance. Notably, the dominant regulatory mechanism of the NC ratio has not been identified. Here, we use physical estimates of the forces implicated in nuclear volume determination and show that they are dominated by the osmotic pressure of actively transported proteins. Inspired by this, we formulate a minimal model for the cytoplasmic and nuclear volumes that predicts the NC ratio and the factors that modulate it, in agreement with published experiments.
Ferroelectric nanostructured oxides for solar fuel generation
Authors: Clarkson Thomas
Published: May 2022

Decarbonising and cleaner economic growth through green, secure, and affordable future energy resources are among the highest priorities of our time. Market deployment for photo-catalytic/electrochemical systems that convert solar energy to chemical fuels such as hydrogen has not yet been achieved. There has been intense work on methods of increasing output via reducing the rate of recombination and spatially separating reaction products through use of internal electric fields. One such method explored is use of ferroelectric polarisation. Of particular interest are composite nanostructures of ferroelectric ceramics that could prohibit bulk and surface recombination pathways providing significant improvements in overall solar to fuel conversion efficiency. This work presents the current understanding of mechanisms by which ferroelectric polarisation impacts solar fuel.