bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborations Between Under-Resourced High School Students and STEM Professionals to Increase Participation in Science and Engineering Fairs
Authors: Todd Christine
Published: February 2022

Industries in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics have enriched the economy of the United States. The US economy is dependent on educators to lead under-resourced high school students to STEM majors in college and careers through educational K-12 programs. Students who conduct high school research and participate in national and international science fairs receive substantial experiences to catapult them into STEM fields. High school students in the central region of Waterside School District have historically less participation in the regional science and engineering fairs than north and south regions due to lack of research skills acquired through collaboration and mentoring with STEM professionals to develop STEM projects. A program to connect the under-resourced students with STEM professionals to collaborate and mentor students about their research was implemented by the local school district. Scientific Research Saturday’s program was positively received by non-focused high school students, however, the target group had limited attendance. Recommendations for program revisions include e-mentoring for students to accommodate transportation, hosting the workshops in more central locations for the focus group, and incorporating reflections by STEM professionals after workshops to improve effectiveness of sessions moving forward.
Attitudes and Concerns of Pre-Service Teachers’ about Inclusive Education Enshrined in the New Four-Year Basic Education Curriculum in Ghana
Authors: Issaka Cecilia Alimatu , Nyaaba Matthew , Iddrisu Fati Abu
Published: February 2022

Inclusive education, that is, the inclusion of learners with special educational needs and disabilities into regular schools is now one of the most significant core pillars in the New Bachelor of Education (Basic Education) Curriculum for teacher education in Ghana. In order to address this issue, pre-service teachers in their first year per the curriculum are introduced to inclusive education as a subject. The study aimed at finding out the attitude and concerns of pre-service teachers towards inclusive education in Ghana. The study employed mixed method approach with the sequential explanatory strategy. The sample population composed of 562 students from six (6) colleges of education in Ghana under one mentor university. The quantitative research approach consisted of 10-item questionnaire which was adapted from the Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education (TAIS) scale. Data was collected using both the questionnaire and interview guide. The analysis of quantitative data involved the use of multiple statistical procedures; frequency counts, simple percentages, and standard deviation, while the thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The study revealed that pre-service teachers has positive attitude towards the implementation of inclusive education in Ghana. About eighty percent (80.1%) stated that children with special educational needs can be effectively supported to learn in regular classrooms in Ghana (1.30, SD=.64). However, the current regular schools in Ghana cannot accommodate children with special needs education (1.25, SD=.62) due to inadequate space. It is therefore recommended that the government of Ghana and the Ghana Education Service should work together to ensure that there is the availability of adequate facilities in all schools for teachers to effectively implement inclusive education in the new Bachelor of Education (Basic Education) Curriculum
Physiochemical Analysis of Water from Some Selected Boreholes and Hand dug wells in Kaltungo, Gombe State, Northeast, Nigeria
Authors: Saleh S. , Nur A. , Sani Y. , Kilian A. N.
Published: February 2022

The occurrence, storage, and distribution of groundwater in the Precambrian basement complex are influenced by different geological factors. Groundwater is never chemically pure; dissolution of substances takes place in the course of its percolation through the rocks leading to its acquisition of some of their chemical constituents. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the suitability of groundwater for domestic and industrial usage. Four samples were collected from boreholes and six from hand dug wells. Samples were analyzed chemically by using the DR/2010 Spectrophotometer and Digital Titrator while physical parameters where determine using the pH meter, and TDS meter. Hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity results range from 4.24 m/day to 72.63 m/day and 23.84 m2/day to 964.0 m2/day. The geochemical result obtained from the analysis of 10 water samples in the study area with an average values pH 6.82. Temp. 310C, colour (TCU) 1.00, Turbidity 1.2, Conductivity 174.5TDS 87.7 mg/l, which revealed that the water physical parameters are below the WHO permissible value. Total Hardness 161.7mg/l, Ca2+ 64.3mg/l Na+ 68.8mg/l, NO3+ 0.1 mg/l Fe2+ 0.04 mg/l CO3 96.4 mg/l Sulphate 47 mg/l Cl- 96 mg/l and F- 0.3 mg/l. Results obtained of the water analysis reveals that the concentration of Total Hardness and F- in some parts of the study area are above the permissible standard for drinking water WHO Standard. Therefore, the water in the affected part of the study area should be subjected to proper treatment. The groundwater flow direction is from higher surface elevation to lower surface elevation.
The Sava Plain: Definition, Denomination, Delineation and Subdivision
Authors: Gaudenyi T. , Mihajlović M.
Published: February 2022

The Sava River based its fluvial architecture compromised its upper- and lower courses. The Sava River upper course starts at Radovljica and continues downstream till Krško while from Krško till Belgrade is the Sava lower course. The Sava upper course is positioned in the mountain valley and characterized with headwaters. The Sava lower course positioned in the lowland area of the Pannonian Plain.

The Sava Plain (Posavina) is a physico-geographical region, encompass the lowermost, almost flat surface of plain segments of the Sava valley, lower plain segments of its tributaries and adjacent eolian flat landforms. The Sava Plain surface geology composed of Holocene fluvial, as well as Pleistocene alluvial and eolian sediments. According to the Holocene fluvial architecture of the Sava river three significant parts can be defined as the Krško-Samobor Plain, the Upper- and the Lower Sava Plain. The Upper Sava valley represents the Krško-Samobor Basin from Krško downstream till the Podsused Gate. The Upper Sava Plain (Gornja posavina) covers the Sava plain in between Podsused Gate downstream to the Slavonski- and Bosanski Brod (or the Brod Gate). The Lower Sava Plain (Donja posavina) ascends from Brod Gate downstream till the mouth of the Sava to the Danube in Belgrade.

The Krško-Podsused Plain and the Upper Sava Plain channel planform type characterized with the gentle meandering river architecture its area composed of Holocene fluvial sediments, while the Lower Sava Plain with meandering river architecture of Pleistocene fluvial and eolian sediments and Holocene fluvial.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus using HBV-5 Rapid Panel Test and Associated Factors amongst Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Garoua, North-Cameroon
Authors: Taheu Christian Ngounouh , Nguwoh Philippe Salomon , Demtaley Ahie , Olinga Patrice Zanga , Fokam Joseph
Published: February 2022

Background: In Cameroon, prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is high and varies from different places in general population and vulnerable persons such as pregnant women. We performed this survey to determine seroprevalence of HBV using HBV-5 Rapid panel test and associated factors amongst pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in Garoua.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from February, 15th to April, 15th, 2016 amongst 102 pregnant women attending ANC in city of Garoua. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire by interview. The blood samples were collected and tested by the immuno-chromatographic panel method (OnSite HBV-5 Rapid Panel Test) for the detection of HBV biomarkers. Statistical analyses were performed by EPI InfoTM version 7 software, with P<0.05 considered significant.

Results: Overall seroprevalence of HBV (HBsAg) was 10.78% (11/102) and the other HBV biomarkers were 15.68% (16/102), 9.80 (10/102) and 26.47% (27/102) for anti-HBsAb, anti-HBeAb and total anti-HBcAb respectively. According to general information, marital status (P=0.001) was statistically associated with HBsAg seroprevalence. Bivariate analysis logistic regression recorded that, scarification (OR= 30.10; 95% CI 6.55-138.15; P=0.00000) and piercing or tattoo (OR= 11.80; 95% CI 2.77-50.18; P=0.00008) were statistically associated with seroprevalence of HBsAg.

Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HBV biomarkers is high amongst pregnant women attending ANC in Garoua. Associated factors such as scarification and piercing or tattoo were associated with HBV infection. The awareness of pregnant women about vaccination in routine against HBV were necessary to prevent the transmission of Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT).
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Hospital Based Study at Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Saber Sadia , Hossain Mohammad Monower
Published: February 2022

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-system infectious disease with a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world but particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. A normal healthy individual does not face the symptoms causing by tuberculosis due to their immune system that’s why infection among healthy individuals always remain silent. As it is highly infectious air borne disease that’s why treatment completion for TB is the cornerstone of its control and prevention. So to understand these factors efficiently this study was carried out about socio-demographic determinants of adult TB patients attending the tertiary care teaching hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.
Methodology: This was hospital based cross sectional observational study done at Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka with the study period from January 2020 to December 2021.Total 410 patients of age group 18 years and above with persistent cough with sputum production for more than 2 weeks were enrolled for this study purpose.
Results: Total prevalence of sputum positive adult pulmonary TB among the studied group was 69.02%. Majority 54% were male patients in the age group of 41-50 years (31.45%). Pulmonary TB was predominantly diagnosed among employed group 41.34%, those who have completed their high school level (34.28%) in mainly the rural (66.08%) locality. Joint family (61%) with 8-10 family members (43.46%) have been found mostly affected in our study. The cardinal features were cough with sputum production (80.21%) followed by fatigue (71.73%), fever (42.05%), sweating (46.99%), loss of appetite (32.86%) and weight loss (27.56%). Pulmonary TB was found mostly among smokers (57.23%) with normal BMI (44.88%).
Conclusion: To decrease the rate of infection with Tuberculosis, a multi-factorial approach can play the pivotal role by improving the living conditions, education level, economic status and adequate sanitation. Awareness can bring a new dimension in this regard.
Contradictions in the Theory of Gas and Hydrodynamics as a Consequence of Incorrectness Fundamental Equations
Authors: Kirtskhalia Vladimir G.
Published: February 2022

The author drew attention to the contradictions existing in the theory of gas and hydrodynamics as well as in magnetohydrodynamics as early asin 1994, when he publishedthe article “On the stability problem of the tangential discontinuity” in the journal “Planetary and Space Sciences” [1]. Particularly intensive theoretical research in this direction has been carried out over the past 10 years at I. Vekua Sokhumi Institute of Physics and Technology and at Sokhumi State University. Many works have been published in reputable journals, in which the contradictions and absurdity of some of the concepts ingrainedin modern gas and hydrodynamics have been shown, and ways to overcome them have been indicated. Despite of this, these works did not receive proper feedback from the scientific communityand it can be explained by the conservatism of thinking of specialists in this field of physics. Based on this, we believe that it will be useful to provide interested readers with a review article based on the most important works published by us andonce again todraw their attention to the relevance of the problem.
Teaching ESL Writing in Saudi Arabia: A Case for the Integration of Peer Feedback
Authors: Grami Grami Mohammad Ali , Alhomidan Homidan Abdullah , Aljohani Rakan , Bustanji Abdulelah , Hawari Hasan A. , Janbi Abdulsalam H.
Published: February 2022

Writing is the most difficult of all language skills and the one learned last. This is true regardless of L1 or L2 but, for many reasons, it is especially true when it comes to learning to write in a second or foreign language. Furthermore, available data shows that English as a Second Language (ESL) Saudi students are among the lowest-scoring in the world, especially when it comes to writing. In this project, we investigate deploying alternative sources of feedback in ESL writing classes, including peer feedback, with the aim of improving writing. We also investigate Saudi students’ perception of peer feedback. Data was collected using a questionnaire and pre- and post-test written exams involving control and experimental groups. Descriptive statistics from both methods were generated and presented accordingly. It was found that peer feedback provided an additional source of constructive feedback and fostered autonomous learning.
Editing Strategies of Chinese Product Texts of International Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms
Authors: Caihong Xie , Zeyu Lin
Published: February 2022

In recent years, China’s trade exports have continued to increase. With the advent of network information technology, cross-border E-commerce has entered people’s lives, and has gradually been accepted by overseas buyers due to its efficiency, convenience and advanced features. There are strong demand for Chinese products in foreign markets. With the development of cross-border E-commerce in full swing, product text is becoming the focus of sellers. The thesis analyzes the development status of mainstream cross-border E-commerce platforms and Chinese product texts editing strategies, explains how to effectively incorporate texts into products.
Social Protection During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Time to Rethink Expanding Coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Mohammed Abdul-Rahim
Published: February 2022

In December 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic erupted in China and quickly spread worldwide. So far, the pandemic has created a twin challenge for governments; an enormous public health crisis and mounting economic decline. Governments to varying degrees have responded to the pandemic using both fiscal and monetary policies. The monetary policy responses from sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have been piecemeal and incomprehensive. However, estimates suggest that SSA countries might experience the worst economic impacts of the pandemic. Even worse, the region has historically had low levels of social protection coverage. Over the years, calls to expand social protection coverage in the region have been met with resistance on the basis of a supposed lack of affordability. But can SSA countries afford not to expand social protection any longer? The aim of this paper, therefore, is to examine what the Covid-19 might tell us about social protection systems in Africa.
Pneumonia in Slaughtered Sheep in Libya: Gross and Histopathological Findings
Authors: Mohammed Zahra MA. , Ibrahim Wafa M. , Abdalla Intisar O.
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of pneumonia in sheep in municipality of El-Beida, Libya. To achieve the goal, samples were collected from October 2020 to April 2021. The lungs of 525 sheep carcasses were subjected to gross examination and those suspected to be infected with pneumonia were studied at histopathological level. Pneumonia was detected in 141(26.9%) carcasses. Based on histopathological lesions 40.4% with interstitial pneumonia 37.6% with fibrinous bronchopneumonia, 14.2% were affected with suppurative bronchopneumonia, 3.5% with haemorrhagic pneumonia, 2.1% were affected with pleuritis and 1.4 % with embolic pneumonia. In addition 0.7% of the lungs showed aspiration pneumonia. The most common form of pneumonia was interstitial pneumonia and the gross and histological lesions of the different forms of pneumonia were consistent with the findings of other studies. In conclusion, the results of this study indicates that the prevalence of pneumonia in slaughtered sheep is relatively high and seems to be the most important condition in sheep in Libya. Further studies are recommended to identify the etiological agents of pneumonia in sheep.
Island Words, Island Worlds: The Origins and Meanings of Words for ‘Islands’ in North-West Europe
Authors: Ronström Owe
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes the notion that words mirror ideas, perspectives and worldviews. Etymologies and meanings of general words for ‘islands’ in a number of languages in North and West Europe are then discussed. Here, islands are shown to be etymologically constituted by the interplay between land and water, and which of these two is emphasized varies. In the third section, a number of Swedish island words are surveyed, in an attempt to illuminate the principle of linguistic relativity. Finally, the implications of these findings for island studies are discussed.
Island Demography: A Review of Selected Caribbean Contributions
Authors: McElroy Jerome L.
Published: February 2022

This article traces the demographic contributions of island studies scholarship in four sections. First, demographic transition theory is applied to the population history of the region. The second highlights the impact of this demographic scholarship on related social science fields in the Caribbean. The third and fourth contributions focus on the impact of migration on two related hypotheses: the demographic transition and the mobility transition. In the first case, migration patterns between St. Kitts-Nevis and the U.S. Virgin Islands in the 1960s suggest that the age-sex selectivity of migration tends to accelerate the transition in sending societies and retard its progress in receiving societies. In the second case, empirical support is provided for the so-called ‘migration transition’ whereby former chronic labour exporters become labour importers under sustained growth.
An Institutional Approach to Bordering in Islands: The Canary Islands on the AfricanEuropean Migration Routes
Authors: Godenau Dirk
Published: February 2022

Islands play a significant role in international irregular maritime migration. Frequently they are part of maritime interstitial spaces between states, and their location, combined with institutional membership, makes them part of international migration routes and subject to border management strategies. In this paper borders are analysed as social institutions used for regulating relative permeability through rules of entry and exit for persons, goods and capital. Borders institutionalize territoriality and are politically implemented by states. They are selective, also in migration, and irregular border transit is not always indicative of an inability to control. The Canary Islands are used as an illustrative example of how border management at the southern edge of the European Union has evolved towards more coercive deterrence and tighter surveillance. The Canary Islands experienced irregular maritime immigration from the west African coasts during the first decade of the 21st century and most of these migrants intended to use the islands as transit space towards the European continent. Increasing surveillance in countries of origin, enforcement of border controls and stricter return policies were used to stop flows. The so-called “cayuco crisis” in 2006 induced institutional change in border management and forced the active involvement of the EU through FRONTEX.
Percieved Language Learning Difficulties by Preparatory School Students: A Case Study
Authors: ÖZMAT Demet , DÖRTKULAK Funda , AKDEMİR Ufuk
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the difficulties that students of English as a foreign language experience in the language learning process. The study also reveals the relationship between language learning difficulties students experience and their achievements, gender and academic levels. The study group of this descriptive study consists of 340 preparatory unit students. “Foreign Language Learning Difficulties Scale” developed by Özmat (2017) is used for quantitative data and a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as a qualitative data source. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the difficulties that preparatory students have at the highest level in the language learning process are related to the learning resources, and the difficulties they experience at the minimum level are related to the learning environment (physical and psychological). It was determined that the students had moderate difficulty stemming from teaching learning process and from themselves. The qualitative results of the research also support the results obtained from the scale. It was observed that students did not experience much difficulty related to disciplinary or classroom management issues. In addition, students stated that they needed more student-centered practices in class. There was no significant relationship between students' difficulty level, achievement test and gender. It was determined that the difficulties experienced by the students studying at lower levels are higher than the students studying at the higher levels. According to the results of the research, suggestions were made for language learning process and foreign language teaching in preparatory schools.
Speech, Language and Communication Differences before Autism Diagnosis: The Perspectives of
Authors: OĞUZ Özlem , ÇAKIR Bengisu , ŞENTÜRK Alperen
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Autism-specific behaviors begin with some preliminary symptoms and can be detected during the pre-verbal languagestage or after diagnosis. Early diagnosis and early intervention can begin if caregivers or parents identify these precursors ofbehaviors during the pre-diagnostic period, and the person with autism can receive effective and timely training. The goal ofthis study was to find out what non-typical language and communication behavior parents or caregivers of children with autismmight have noticed before they were diagnosed.Design/Methodology/Approach: After applying exclusion criteria, fifty participants (47F, 3M) who are primary carers of 3-10-year-old children with autism were accepted into the study Data was gathered using a two-part interview form with 37questions. Face-to-face interviews were held.Findings: Descriptive and situational analysis methods were used to analyze the data. Following the analysis of the findings,behaviors such as not making eye contact, not responding when their name is called, and indifference toward their parentswere observed in the children of the participants who were diagnosed with autism till the age of 18 months.Highlights: When the findings were evaluated, it was discovered that the individuals' issues began at an early age. In terms ofautism suspicion, family observations are crucial; early symptoms are predictors of various developmental stages. Accordingly,families should follow their children more closely and they should be informed more by experts so that families can notice thedifferences in developmental areas.
Opinions of Classroom Teacher Candidates on STEM Education
Authors: BAL Pınar
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Scientific and technological developments in the last century have undoubtedly been realized in the light of newparadigms that have taken place in education programs. Especially advances in science, technology, engineering andmathematics have been transformed into new inventions and products. From this point of view, STEM, which has become animportant education discipline by combining the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, has enabledlearners to absorb, synthesize and apply the information they have acquired with an interdisciplinary perspective. It isconsidered important and necessary to learn. Based on this idea, this study was conducted in order to examine the opinions ofteacher candidates studying in the primary school teaching department about STEM education after STEM education.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is a qualitative study aimed at determining the opinions of teacher candidateson STEM education. The study was conducted based on a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. Working groupof the study consisted of 57 teacher candidates educating at a state university in southern Turkey. The sample of the study wasdetermined by the criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods.Findings: It was concluded that the classroom teacher candidates generally thought that STEM education was related toscience, technology, engineering and mathematics fields, that it included daily life lesson problems, that it gave teacher skills,provided permanent learning and gained perspectives. In addition, it was concluded that in the case of applying STEM activitiesin mathematic lessons, both teachers and teaching time management may have problems in the context of preparing headingsindividually.Highlights: According to these results, applied trainings can be given to both in-service processes and teacher candidates andteachers to solve such problems. In addition, this study turned out to be about the participants following education in theclassroom teaching department. In cooperation with students studying in mathematics, science and engineering departmentson STEM education, new studies can also be conducted to examine their thoughts on STEM education and applications.
Environmental Concerns from the Page to the Screen: The Road and The Mist in Perspective
Authors: Dash Sakti Sekhar
Published: February 2022

The publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring in 1962 triggered widespread concerns for the environment that eventually gave rise to environmental studies and ecocriticism. Writers of fiction presented frightening pictures- the result of the conflict between humans and the environment. Stephen King’s novels like The Mist and The Stand were quick to point out the catastrophic consequences that awaited the human race. Another novelist who voiced his concerns for the environment was Cormac McCarthy. Almost a reclusive figure, McCarthy won the Pulitzer Prize for the novel, The Road. Stephen King’s The Mist and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road share striking similarities; both the novels present the human community coming to terms with an Eco-catastrophe. Both the novels got adapted into motion pictures, which showcased the issues and concerns raised by the novelists before a wider audience. The Mist was released in 2007 and The Road hit the screens a couple of years later. With the release of the motion pictures, environmental concerns raised by Rachel Carson in Silent Spring and furthered by King and McCarthy had successfully made a foray into the world of digital media. During the latter stages of the 20th century, environmental concerns and studies had remained confined to print media, demonstrations, agitations and pamphleteering. With the publication of the novels like The Mist and The Road environmental concerns and issues gained mass appeal. This culminated with the release of the motion pictures, which managed to garner critical acclaim and presented before a diverse audience, the issues plaguing the human-nature relationship.
A Validation of the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale
Authors: Nam GiEun , Lee SunHee
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) among Korean employees. Evidence in terms of the reliability of internal consistency, measurement invariance tests, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity support that the MWS is a valid and reliable measure of workaholism for Korean employees. First, the MWS showed good internal consistency coefficients among full-time Korean employees (N = 358). Second, measurement invariance analyses showed that a four-factor model (behavioral, cognitive, motivational, and emotional) also holds in the Korean sample, and factor loadings were equivalent between the Korean and the U.S. (N = 407) samples. Third, correlation analysis and a series of confirmatory factor analysis results provide discriminant validity evidence between the MWS and work engagement. Finally, a portion of the Korean sample (N= 228) provided data for criterion validity. Correlation analysis of the data showed that the MWS revealed the expected relationships with emotional exhaustion, work interfering with family, family interfering with work, and work hours. For the variables of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and physical symptoms, the expected relationships with the MWS appear when work engagement was controlled for. Overall, this study suggested that the MWS is a valid and reliable measure of workaholism for Korean employees.
Symmetrical, non-sovereign cartography as a means for conservation: insights from a participatory forest mapping exercise
Authors: K N Gomathy
Published: February 2022

Studies of participatory mapping consider it to be a grassroots activity that secures customary rights, the sovereignty of marginalized communities, and as a tool for conservation and sustainable resource management. Political ecology sees such grassroots struggles as sites where multiple (human) groups/actors articulate and contest their knowledge of, and control over, entities called 'resources.' However, 'resources' exclude the role of other-than-humans, thereby perpetuating asymmetrical and anthropocentric ways of knowing and conceptualizing place-based struggles. In the quest for distributive justice, the modern principle of sovereignty also goes unchallenged. Through an ethnographic observation of participatory mapping among the indigenous Gonds of Adilabad in South India, this Grassroots article shows that by incorporating other-than-human actors as equal agents of conservation, the Gonds have produced a non-sovereign, symmetrical map that challenges notions of human sovereignty over a seemingly inert 'nature.' Grassroots mapping can include other-than-humans, making it a potent exercise in revealing and articulating more-than-human ways of conservation.
What Is Your Diagnosis?
Authors: Hsuan Lin-Yi , Lipitz Lisa , Sage Jaime E.
Published: February 2022

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology
Модели экономического влияния рекламы: индивидуальные вторичные эффекты
Authors: Вартанов Сергей
Published: February 2022

Настоящая работа представляет собой третью часть цикла из пяти статей, посвященных обзору существующих моделей, методов и взглядов на эффекты воздействия экономического института рекламы на рынок на всех возможных уровнях. В ней рассмотрен промежуточный уровень влияния рекламы, связанный с особенностями рекламных стратегий отдельных фирм. Согласно приводимой в настоящем цикле статей классификации, эти эффекты относятся к классу индивидуальных вторичных эффектов. Отмечаются особенности кратко- и долгосрочных рекламных стратегий фирм, а также вневременные особенности поведения фирм. Показано, что классификация вторичных эффектов индивидуального уровня определяется свойствами преобладающих первичных эффектов, в зависимости от которых оптимальный вид индивидуального поведения фирмы может быть описан с помощью либо стандартной задачи производителя, дополненного рекламными инструментами, либо одной из классических моделей рекламной динамики (Видаля-Вольфа, Сетхи, Нерлова-Эрроу).
Tinjauan Ancaman Wabah dan Penyakit Akibat Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Syahadat Ray March , Nailufar Balqis , Pratama Billy Aditya , Saleh Ismail , Mulyawati Isti
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang:

Maraknya wabah penyakit yang muncul dalam dekade terakhir menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah ada kaitannya dengan perubahan iklim?

Tujuan:

Artikel ini mencoba memberikan jawaban melalui tinjauan literatur.

Metode Penelitian:

Aplikasi VOSviewer digunakan untuk membantu menyeleksi topik yang akan didiskusikan. Sebanyak dua puluh artikel terkait wabah, penyakit, dan perubahan iklim dipilih untuk kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif.

Temuan:

Hasil yang diperoleh perubahan iklim memberi kontribusi terhadap ketidakseimbangan yang dapat menimbulkan bencana termasuk serangan wabah penyakit. Oleh karena itu sudah seharusnya manusia mulai menempatkan dirinya sebagai bagian dari ekosistem, bukan penguasa pada ekosistem.

Kesimpulan:

Diperlukan pendekatan sains dan teknologi berbasis nilai lokal, dengan memanfaatkan komunikasi lingkungan yang baik untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat agar mampu beradabtasi dan sadar akan usaha preventif guna mewujudkan hidup yang sehat.
Abstract Machine of the Programming Language for Educational Purposes SYNCHRO
Authors: Gorodnyaya L. V.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to a number of solutions for organizing work with memory in educational languages and programming systems aimed at teaching the preparation of multi-threaded programs over shared memory. The consideration was carried out within the framework of the SYNCHRO programming language for educational purposes, which made it possible to analyze variants of such solutions without the limitations typical for traditional manufacturing tools and devices of standard programming systems. The article gives a clear formulation of an abstract machine and a diagram of a command system that allows you to define the behavior of a program as a distributed system from a number of threads interacting in terms of access to the values of variables located in shared memory. The de-vice of shared memory and mechanisms of access to it by individual processes, which are a sequence of command execution, some of which are requests to shared memory, are described. The focus is on the convenience of debugging small programs used to introduce concurrency problems in the learning process, where the pace of learners’ under-standing of the problems is more important than achieving program efficiency and performance. The solution to this problem is useful when studying programming methods, as well as studying the history of programming languages, comparing programming paradigms, the potential of the schemes and models used, assessing the level of novelty of the programming languages being created, creating a technique for measuring different characteristics of programs on models and choosing criteria for the practicality of the created programs. When choosing a system of commands for an abstract machine, the principles of functional programming were taken into account as a popular paradigm at the stage of preparing prototypes and models of multi-threaded programs. From these principles, the conclusion is drawn of the consequences that allow you to successfully select elementary instructions that support working with memory in the style of data immutability and their transactional processing. For educational tasks in programming, the ability to ensure the correctness and completeness of solutions is more important than the efficiency and productivity of the received programs. This is the path to building reliable and secure software.
Correlation of zinc intake with hair zinc levels and appetite in children aged 2-3 years in Jakarta
Authors: Rosa Anin Ika , Sunardi Diana , Hardiany Novi Silvia
Published: February 2022

Background: Children under five years experience rapid growth and development, so that adequate nutritional intake is very important. Zinc is essential for child development and growth. Children’s zinc requirements are fulfilled from daily food intake that might be affected by Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between zinc intake with hair zinc level and appetite in children aged 2-3 years in Jakarta.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from September to October 2020 in Kampung Melayu, Jakarta. Seventy children aged 2-3 years were taken using total population sampling method. Interviews were conducted to obtain characteristic data and zinc intake using semi quantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Appetite were assessed using VAS appetite questionnaire. Hair samples were collected to check level of hair zinc. Spearman correlation was performed using SPSS.

Results: Median of zinc intake was 6 (1,2-22,5) mg/day, with 20% of the subjects had insufficient zinc intake. The median hair zinc value was 132 (30-451) µg/g, with 17,1% subjects zinc insufficient. The median of VAS appetite score was 54,5 mm. There were no significant correlation between zinc intake and hair zinc level (r = -0.077, p = 0.528). A weak positive correlation was found between appetite and hair zinc levels (r = 0,247, p = 0,039).

Conclusion: Zinc intake in children aged 2-3 years had no significant correlation with hair zinc level, and appetite had a weak positive correlation with hair zinc level.
A saúde mental dos adultos durante o isolamento social no decorrer da pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Freire Carolina Borba , Cruz Laura Menezes de Carvalho , Souza Ana Beatriz Alves Souza e , Luna Ana Luísa Passos Uzêda , Pereira Lorena Leite , Batista Ludimila Brito , Oliveira Isabella Maria Gonçalves de , Brito Ana Luiza Neves , Veloso Victoria Barbosa Mendes , Silva Roberto Botelho e
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Compreender as repercussões da pandemia da covid-19 na saúde mental dos adultos, durante o período de isolamento social. Revisão bibliográfica: O distanciamento social adotado para reduzir a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 provocou grandes mudanças no dia a dia, na economia e nas relações entre as pessoas. Além disso, a rotina dos indivíduos mudou durante o período de isolamento social levando a problemas do sono, apetite, conflitos familiares, uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, assim podendo desencadear ou agravar os transtornos de ansiedade e depressão. Durante a pandemia e consequentemente com o isolamento social, é natural que haja uma desordem emocional e psíquica na população, agravando sintomas de compulsão alimentícia, bem como ansiedade e depressão. Considerações finais: Assim, por meio da instauração da pandemia, é possível averiguar a desestruturação da população frente ao quadro, acompanhando assim o aumento na incidência e prevalência dos transtornos mentais no decorrer da pandemia do coronavírus.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REPAIR WELDING HIGH YIELD STRENGTH STRUCTURAL STEEL S690Q
Authors: Hendri Budi Kurniyanto  , Pratama Diki Hadi , Imam Khoirul  , M. Thoriq Wahyudi  , Mukhlis
Published: February 2022

Repeated welding caused by welding defects in the weld joint will result in changes in the mechanical properties of the weld joint, especially in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). Significant changes will occur when welding on steel materials that have undergone special treatment during the manufacturing process, such as quenched and tempered S690Q steel. S690Q steel is a structural steel with high yield strength with quenched and tempered conditions. The research was conducted by doing repeated welding as a simulation of the repair process using the GMAW process. Macro observations as well as tensile, bending, hardness, toughness tests were carried out on cross sections of welded joints. From the results of all the tests carried out the results meet the requirements of the BS EN ISO 15614-1 standard, but the results of the hardness test can identify significant changes in mechanical properties in the HAZ, especially in the bottom or root pass and hot pass areas. The average hardness value decreased from 334.07 HV at the top (face) to 209.55 HV and 198.88 HV at the bottom (hot pass and root pass) on the left side of the HAZ. While on the right side of the HAZ, the hardness value is 337.40 HV to 254.34 HV and 208.64 HV.

Keywords: HAZ, S690Q, Structural Steel, Quenched and Tempered Steel
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PLANT EXTRACTS AS A GREEN CORROSION INHIBITOR IN STEEL
Authors: Akrom Muhamad
Published: February 2022

Natural plant extracts show excellent performance in inhibiting steel corrosion. Steel has a relatively weak resistance to corrosion when in a corrosive environment. The use of natural plant extracts as green corrosion inhibitors is able to provide good performance with high inhibition efficiency. Experimental methods such as gravimetric analysis, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are commonly used to investigate corrosion inhibition based on corrosion activity. A comparative literature review of this work is important for the development and utilization of green inhibitors. Experimental studies still do not clearly reveal the mechanism of adsorption and inhibition of molecular inhibitors at the atomic level. For this reason, future developments are very important to study theoretically at the atomic level of the main components of natural plant extracts as corrosion inhibitors, so that it is hoped that there will be a clear and systematic understanding of the mechanism of corrosion inhibition in steel.
KARAKTERISASI PERFORMA GENSET DIESEL 5 KW MENGGUNAKAN SYNGAS SERBUK KAYU DENGAN VARIASI PEMBEBANAN
Authors: Wahyu Wahyu , Erwin  , Wiyono Slamet
Published: February 2022

With the decreasing of world oil reserves, energy savings programs have started across the entire world. Recently, Indonesia has now become one of the importing countries for crude oil. Biomass gasification sustainability, especially in Indonesia, is very guaranteed because of the abundant availability of biomass in Indonesia. The goals of this study are examine the 5 kW diesel generator performance against various load with diesel fuel and diesel fuel plus syngas (synthetic gas) from sawdust. This research was carried out at Renewable Energy Laboratorium of Engineering Faculty UNTIRTA. The author performed this research using 5,2 kW total load of halogen lamp. In this research the load used was only at 3.2 kW because of the "not optimal condition" of the diesel generator resulting in not optimal engine rotation. Diesel generator power value at low loading point was increased. Whereas, at high loading point was decreased.
Charge-Transfer Activation of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes and Their Role in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Kochi Jay K.
Published: February 2022

Electron donor-acceptor or EDA complexes are common precursors leading to a variety of organic reactions, as indicated by the appearance of characteristic charge-transfer absorption bands. Structural effects of HOMO-LUMO interactions extant in donor-acceptor pairs, established by X-ray
crystallography, are critical to the charge-transfer excitation of various types of weak molecular complexes in which time-resolved picosecond spectroscopy identifies the nature of charge-transfer ion pairs. Their relevance to the transition state description of electrophile/nucleophile interactions
is underscored in the detailed study of electrophilic aromatic nitration.
Der ideale Polymethinzustand
Authors: Dähne Siegfried
Published: February 2022

The theory of the ideal polymethine state equally existing between the aromatic state and the polyene state (triad theory) provides a comprehensive understanding of the chemistry and physics of conjugated organic compounds. This is shown by modelling new colorants, by investigating
of the light-induced charge transfer (CT) and charge resonance (CR), by examination colour and constitution relationships, by the interpretation of reactivity, by elucidating the origin and limitations of linear free energy relationships, and by designing organic metals and organic materials
with nonlinear optical properties.The present state of the art challenges writers of textbooks in organic chemistry to adapt the theory of the ideal polymethine state as an intrinsic part of the chemistry of conjugated organic compounds.
Porphyrins, Phthalocyanines, and Naphthalocyanines for Various Processes of Visible Light Driven Conversion Processes
Authors: Wöhrle Dieter
Published: February 2022

Phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, tetraphenylporphyrins, and perylenebis(dicarboximides) are interesting compounds for the conversion of visible light. For photon-induced reactions in solution or in thin films of photoelectrochemical or photovoltaic cells some examples are given.
It is shown that the position of energy levels or energy bands is a prerequisite for these visible-light-driven processes.
Aristotelia-Alkaloide: Synthetische und Biomimetische Studien
Authors: Borschberg Hans-Jürg
Published: February 2022

A review on the the results of our efforts to provide synthetic access to some of the rare Aristotelia alkaloids is presented. We demonstrate that our original biomimetic approach can be applied successfully to some of the more elaborate representatives of this natural-product
family as well. In the course of our investigations, several alkaloid structures that had been proposed a few years ago by other research groups were revised. In all these cases, the newly proposed structures have been established by unambiguous syntheses. At the same time, this account provides
information concerning our latest, as yet unpublished results.
Comparison of the Performances of the Gaussian and Cadpac ab initio Program Packages on Different Computers
Authors: Bally Thomas , Carrupt Pierre-Alain , Weber Jacques
Published: February 2022

Ten different benchmark tests have been performed for different versions of the Gaussian as well as for the Cadpac ab initio program package on nine different computers ranging from vector supercomputers to workstations. The test jobs form a set representative of the most
frequent applications of ab initio quantum chemistry, i.e. single point and gradient calculations at the SCF and MP2 levels of theory as well as SCF second derivative calculations for both closed-shell and open-shell species (the molecule of bicyclobutane and its radical cation
calculated using the 6-31 G basis set). The relative performances of the different programs and machines exhibit considerable variation as a function of the type of calculation and the present results should prove useful for the selection of the most efficient program and computer for a given
application. Notably, modem RISC-based workstations were found to be similar or sometimes even superior in performance to most mainframes for calculations of the type represented by the test jobs.
Cuᴵᴵ-katalysierte Kupplung von Cyclopropyl-carbenoiden
Authors: Borer Markus , Loosli Thomas , Neuenschwander Markus
Published: February 2022

Contrary to the reaction of 'Hückel anions' like cyclopentadienide or cyclononatetraenide, treatment of 1-bromo-1-lithio-carbenoids 2 with 1 mol-equiv. of CuCl2 in THF does not result in an oxidative coupling 2 → 8 (see Scheme 2), but in a formal dimerization of two carbenes to give bi(cyclopropylidenes) 10. Reaction parameters influencing the yields are discussed in the case 2a → 10a (R=PhS). Yields of ca. 40% of 10a are obtained under 'kinetic control' at high concentrations of 2a and in THF/Et2O mixtures. Besides CuCl2, which is catalytically active, FeCl3 has been found to be a coupling agent as well, while AgBF4, AgCl, CoF3, and CuCl were inactive in THF. Mixed couplings of two different carbenoids are possible, while diastereoselectivity of the active transition metal complex seems to be low. First experimental results obtained with 2b (R=BuO) and 2c (R=PhCH2) hint at a considerable scope of the sequence 2 → 10.