bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining Atmospheric River Life Cycles in East Antarctica
Authors: Wille Jonathan , Pohl Benjamin , Favier Vincent , Winters Andrew , Baiman Rebecca , Cavallo Steven , Santos Christophe Leroy-Dos , Clem Kyle R , Udy Danielle G , Vance Tessa Rosemary , Gorodetskaya Irina , Codron Francis , Berchet Antoine
Published: September 2023

During atmospheric river (AR) landfalls on the Antarctic ice sheet, the
high waviness of the circumpolar polar jet stream allows for
sub-tropical air masses to be advected towards the Antarctic coastline.
These rare but high-impact AR events are highly consequential for the
Antarctic mass balance; yet little is known about the various
atmospheric dynamical components determining their life cycle. By using
an AR detection algorithm to retrieve AR landfalls at Dumont d’Urville
and non-AR analogues based on 700 hPa geopotential height, we examined
what makes AR landfalls unique and studied the complete life cycle of
ARs to affect Dumont d’Urville. ARs form in the
mid-latitudes/sub-tropics in areas of high surface evaporation, likely
in response to tropical deep convection anomalies. These convection
anomalies likely lead to Rossby wave trains that help amplify the
upper-tropospheric flow pattern. As the AR approaches Antarctica,
condensation of isentropically lifted moisture causes latent heat
release that – in conjunction with poleward warm air advection –
induces geopotential height rises and anticyclonic upper-level potential
vorticity tendencies downstream. As evidenced by a blocking index, these
tendencies lead to enhanced ridging/blocking that persist beyond the AR
landfall time, sustaining warm air advection onto the ice sheet.
Finally, we demonstrate a connection between tropopause polar vortices
and mid-latitude cyclogenesis in an AR case study. Overall, the non-AR
analogues reveal that the amplified jet pattern observed during AR
landfalls is a result of enhanced poleward moisture transport and
associated diabatic heating which is likely impossible to replicate
without strong moisture transport.
Mississippi river chemistry impacts on the interannual variability of aragonite saturation state in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gomez Fabian A , Wanninkhof Rik , Barbero Leticia , Lee Sang-Ki
Published: September 2023

In the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf, the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River
System (MARS) impacts the carbonate system by delivering freshwater with
a distinct seasonal pattern in both total alkalinity (Alk) and dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC), and promoting biologically-driven changes in DIC
through nutrient inputs. However, how and to what degree these processes
modulate the interannual variability in calcium carbonate solubility
have been poorly documented. Here, we use an ocean-biogeochemical model
to investigate the impact of MARS’s discharge and chemistry on
interannual anomalies of aragonite saturation state (ΩAr). Based on
model results, we show that the enhanced mixing of riverine waters with
a low buffer capacity (low Alk-to-DIC ratio) during high-discharge
winters promotes a significant ΩAr decline over the inner-shelf. We also
show that increased nutrient runoff and vertical stratification during
high-discharge summers promotes strong negative anomalies in bottom ΩAr,
and less intense but significant positive anomalies in surface ΩAr.
Therefore, increased MARS discharge promotes an increased frequency of
suboptimal ΩAr levels for nearshore coastal calcifying species.
Additional sensitivity experiments further show that reductions in the
Alk-to-DIC ratio and nitrate concentration from the MARS significantly
modify the simulated ΩAr spatial patterns, weakening the positive
surface ΩAr anomalies during high-discharge summers or even producing
negative surface ΩAr anomalies. Our findings suggest that riverine water
carbonate chemistry is a main driver of interannual variability in ΩAr
over river dominated ocean margins.
Distribution related to all samples and extreme events in the ETAS cluster
Authors: Spassiani Ilaria , Petrillo Giuseppe , Zhuang Jiancang
Published: September 2023

Earthquake forecasting is a challenging goal for seismologists and
geophysicists due to the complex nature of the earthquake phenomenon.
Delivering reliable forecasts is crucial for public safety. This study
derives the probability of extreme events in any seismic cluster
generated by the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model. This
probability is obtained as a function of time, space and magnitude. The
results contribute to understanding the distinguishing features between
mainshocks and foreshocks and provide insights into earthquake
prediction and the probability assessment of extreme events within
seismic clusters.
Intercomparison of initialization methods for Seasonal-to-Decadal Climate Predictions with the NorCPM
Authors: Garcia-Oliva Lilian , Counillon Francois , Bethke Ingo , Keenlyside Noel S
Published: September 2023

Initialization is essential for accurate seasonal-to-decadal (S2D)
climate predictions. The initialization schemes used differ on the
component initialized, the Data Assimilation (DA) method, or the
technique. We compare five popular schemes within NorCPM following the
same experimental protocol: reanalysis from 1980–2010 and seasonal and
decadal predictions initialized from the reanalysis. We compare
atmospheric initialization—Newtonian relaxation (nudging)—against
ocean initialization—Ensemble Kalman Filter—(ODA). On the
atmosphere, we explore the benefit of full-field (NudF-UVT) or anomaly
(NudA-UVT) nudging of horizontal winds and temperature (U, V, and T)
observations. The scheme NudA-UV nudges horizontal winds to disentangle
the role of wind-driven variability. The scheme ODA+NudA-UV provides a
first attempt at joint initialization of the ocean and atmospheric
components. During the reanalysis, atmospheric nudging leads to
atmosphere and land components best synchronized with observations.
Conversely, ODA best synchronizes the ocean component with observations.
The atmospheric nudging schemes are better at reproducing specific
events, such as the rapid North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) shift. An
abrupt climatological change using the NudA-UV scheme demonstrates that
energy conservation is crucial when only assimilating winds. ODA
outperforms atmospheric-initialized versions for S2D global predictions,
while atmospheric nudging is preferable for accurately initializing
phenomena in specific regions, with the technique’s benefit depending on
the prediction’s temporal scale. For instance, atmospheric full-field
initialization benefits the tropical Atlantic Niño at one-month lead
time, and atmospheric anomaly initialization benefits longer lead times,
reducing hindcast drift. Combining atmosphere and ocean initialization
yields sub-optimal results, as sustaining the ensemble’s
reliability—required for ODA’s performance—is challenging with
atmospheric nudging.
Developing a Multivariate Agro-Meteorological Index to Improve Capturing Onset and Persistence of Droughts Utilizing Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) and Soil Moisture
Authors: Zeraati Masoud , Farahmand Alireza , Asghari Keyvan , Behrangi Ali
Published: September 2023

Drought is associated with adverse environmental and societal impacts
across various regions. Therefore, drought monitoring based on a single
variable may lead to unreliable information, especially about the onset
and persistence of drought. Previous studies show vapor pressure deficit
(VPD) data can detect drought onset earlier than other drought
indicators such as precipitation. On the other hand, Soil Moisture is a
robust indicator for assessing drought persistence. This study
introduces a nonparametric multivariate drought index Vapor Pressure
Deficit Soil moisture standardized Drought Index (VPDSDI) which is
developed by combining vapor pressure deficit (VPD) with soil moisture
information. The performance of the multivariate index in terms of
drought onset detection is compared with the Standardized Precipitation
Index (SPI) for six major drought events across the United States
including three flash drought events and three conventional drought
events. Additionally, the performance of the proposed index in detecting
drought persistence is compared with the Standardized Soil moisture
Index (SSI), which is an agricultural drought index. Results indicate
the multivariate index detects drought onset always earlier than SPI for
conventional events, but VPDSDI detects drought onset earlier than or
about the same time as SPI for flash droughts. In terms of persistence,
VPDSDI detects persistence almost identical to SSI for both flash and
conventional drought events. The results also show that combining VPD
with soil moisture reduces the high variability of VPD and produces a
smoother index which improves the onset and persistence detection of
drought events leveraging VPD and soil moisture information.
Fermat's Last Theorem: A Historical and Mathematical Overview
Authors: Kilani Ijtihed
Published: September 2023

This paper offers a comprehensive examination of Fermat’s Last Theorem , a statement in number theory that captivated mathematicians for over 350 years until its proof by Andrew Wiles in 1994. Beginning with historical context surrounding Pierre de Fermat and the theorem’s formulation , the paper meticulously reviews the mathematical foundations underlying the theorem, including Diophantine equations, modular forms, and elliptic curves. Special attention is given to Wiles’ groundbreaking use of the Taniyama-Shimura-Weil conjecture and Ribet’s theorem to provide a complete proof, including the resolution of an initial flaw in the proof. Furthermore, the paper explores the theorem’s far-reaching implications in number theory, algebraic geometry, cryptography, and computer science. The study reveals that Fermat’s Last Theorem is not just an isolated mathematical problem but a testament to the depth, beauty, and inter-connectedness of mathematics, with broad impact across various scientific disciplines.
North-South and Vertical Deformation Across the Western Anatolian Extensional Province (Türkiye) from Sentinel-1 InSAR
Authors: Diercks Manuel , Hussain Ekbal , Mildon Zoe K , Boulton Sarah Jean , Lazecky Milan
Published: September 2023

Quantifying interseismic deformation of fault networks which are
predominantly deforming in a north-south direction is challenging,
because GNSS networks are usually not dense enough to resolve
deformation at the level of individual faults. The alternative,
synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR), provides high spatial
resolution but is limited by a low sensitivity to N-S motion. We study
the active normal fault network of Western Anatolia, which is undergoing
rapid N-S extension, using InSAR. In the first part of this study, we
develop a workflow to assess the potential of decomposing InSAR
line-of-sight (LOS) velocities to determine the N-S component. We use
synthetic tests to quantify the impact of noise and other velocity
components and outline the requirements to detect N-S deformation in
future studies. In its current state, the N-S deformation field is too
noisy to allow robust interpretations, hence in the second part we
complement the study by including vertical deformation. Since most
faults in the study region are normal faults, the high-resolution
vertical velocity field provides new insights into regional active
faulting. We show that tectonic deformation in the large graben systems
is not restricted to the main faults, and seemingly less active or
inactive faults could be accommodating strain. We also observe a
potential correlation between recent seismicity and active surface
deformation. Furthermore, we find that active fault splays causing
significant surface deformation can form several kilometres away from
the mapped fault trace, and provide an estimate of current activity for
many faults in the region.
Spacecraft outgassing observed by the BepiColombo ion spectrometers
Authors: Fraenz Markus , Rojo Mathias , Cornet Thomas , HADID Lina , Saito Yoshifumi , André Nicolas , Varsani Ali , Schmid Daniel , Krueger Harald , Krupp Norbert , Delcourt Dominique , Katra Bruno , Harada Yuki , Yokota Shoichiro , Verdeil Christophe , Aizawa Sae , Milillo Anna , Orsini Stefano , Mangano Valeria , Fiethe Björn , Benkhoff Johannes , Murakami Go
Published: September 2023

During the first flyby of the BepiColombo composite spacecraft at
Mercury in October2021 ion spectrometers observed two intense spectral lines with energies
between 10 and70eV. The spectral lines persisted also at larger distances from Mercury
and were ob-served again at lower intensity during cruise phase in March 2022 and at
the second andthird Mercury flyby as a single band. The ion composition indicates that
water is thedominant gas source. The outgassing causes the composite spacecraft to
charge up toa negative potential of up to -50V. The distribution and intensity of
the lower energysignal depends on the intensity of low energy electron fluxes around the
spacecraft whichagain depend on the magnetic field orientation. We interpret the
observation as beingcaused by water outgassing from different source locations on the
spacecraft being ion-ized in two different regions of the surrounding potential. The
interpretation is confirmedby two dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
Evaluation of Wildfire Plume Injection Heights Estimated from Operational Weather Radar Observations using Airborne Lidar Retrievals
Authors: Krishna Mansa , Saide Pablo Enrique , Ye Xinxin , Turney Francis , Hair Johnathan , Fenn Marta A , Shingler Taylor
Published: September 2023

The vertical distribution of wildfire smoke aerosols is important in
determining its environmental impacts but existing observations of smoke
heights generally do not possess the temporal resolution required to
fully resolve the diurnal behavior of wildfire smoke injection. We use
Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) dual polarization data
to estimate injection heights of Biomass Burning Debris (BBD) generated
by fires. We detect BBD as a surrogate for smoke aerosols, which are
often collocated with BBD near the fire but are not within the size
range detectable by these radars. Injection heights of BBD are derived
for 2-10 August 2019, using radar reflectivity (Z≥10 dBZ) and dual
polarization correlation coefficients (0.2<C.C.<0.9)
to study the Williams Flats Fire event. Results show the expected
diurnal cycles with maximum injection heights present during the late
afternoon period when the fire’s intensity and convective mixing are
maximized. Radar and airborne lidar injection height comparisons reveal
that this method is sensitive to outliers and generally overpredicts
maximum heights by 40%, though mean and median heights are better
captured (<20% mean error). Radar heights between the
75 and 90percentile seem to
accurately represent the maximum, with the exception of heights
estimated during the occurrence of pyro-cumulonimbus. Location specific
mapping of radar and lidar injection heights reveal that they diverge
further away from the fire due to BBD settling. Most importantly,
radar-derived injection height estimates provide near continuous smoke
height information, allowing for the study of diurnal variability of
smoke injections.
The net GHG balance and budget of the permafrost region (2000-2020) from ecosystem flux upscaling
Authors: Ramage Justine , Kuhn McKenzie , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Bastos Ana , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , Poulter Benjamin , Watts Jennifer , Voigt Carolina , Marushchak Maija E. , Biasi Christina , López-Blanco Efrèn , Natali Susan M. , Olefeldt David , Potter Stefano , Rogers Brendan M. , Schuur Edward A.G. , Treat Claire , Turetsky Merritt R. , Hugelius Gustaf
Published: September 2023

The northern permafrost region has been projected to shift from a net
sink to a net source of carbon under global warming. However, estimates
of the contemporary net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and budgets of the
permafrost region remain highly uncertain. Here we construct the first
comprehensive bottom-up budgets of CO,
CH, and NO across the terrestrial
permafrost region using databases of more than 1000 in-situ flux
measurements and a land cover-based ecosystem flux upscaling approach
for the period 2000-2020. Estimates indicate that the permafrost region
emitted a mean annual flux of 0.36 (-620, 652) Tg CO-C
y, 38 (21, 53) Tg CH-C
y, and 0.62 (0.03, 1.2) Tg NO-N
y to the atmosphere throughout the period. While the
region was a net source of CH and NO,
the CO budget was near neutral with large
uncertainties. Terrestrial ecosystems remained a
COsink, but emissions from fire disturbances and
inland waters largely offset the sink in vegetated ecosystems. Including
lateral fluxes, the permafrost region was a net source of C and N,
releasing 136 (-517, 821) Tg C y and 3.2 (1.9, 4.8)
Tg N y. Large uncertainty ranges in these estimates
point to a need for further expansion of monitoring networks, continued
data synthesis efforts, and better integration of field observations,
remote sensing data, and ecosystem models to constrain the contemporary
net GHG budgets of the permafrost region and track their future
trajectory.
Characteristics of foreshock subsolar compressive structures
Authors: Xirogiannopoulou Niki , Goncharov Oleksandr , Safrankova Jana , Nemecek Zdenek
Published: September 2023

The turbulent foreshock region upstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock
is dominated by waves and reflected particles that interact with each
other and create a large number of different foreshock transients. The
structures with the enhanced magnetic field (Short Large Amplitude
Magnetic Structures, SLAMS) and density spikes named plasmoids are
frequently observed. They are one of the suggested sources of transient
flux enhancements (TFE) or jets in the magnetosheath. Using measurements
of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Spacecraft (MMS) and OMNI solar wind
database between the 2015 and 2018 years, we have found that there is a
category of events exhibiting both magnetic field and density
enhancements simultaneously and we introduce the term “mixed
structures” for them. Consequently, we divided our set of observations
into three groups of events and present their comparative statistical
analysis in the subsolar foreshock. Based on our results and previous
research, we discuss the properties, possible origin and occurrence
rates these events under different upstream conditions and their
possible relation to the jet and plasmoid formation in the
magnetosheath.
Mechanistic understanding of the summer precipitation and recent wetting trend over Northwest China and Mongolia
Authors: Ming Yi , Dong Wenhao , Deng Yi , Xie Yongkun , Shen Zhaoyi , Huang Jianping
Published: September 2023

The arid region of Northwest China and Mongolia (NCM) receives most of
the precipitation in the summer. The need for a better understanding of
the synoptic-scale mechanism responsible for precipitation formation is
accentuated by the recent wetting trend and its implications for future
hydroclimate change. By conducting a hierarchical clustering analysis on
an observationally-based daily precipitation dataset, we show that there
are three distinct precipitation patterns over NCM, one of which is
associated with strong precipitation over the western part of the region
and another over the eastern part. The corresponding large-scale
circulation anomalies indicate that these strong precipitation events
are triggered by the upper-tropospheric disturbances in the form of
transient Rossby wave packets. Furthermore, the wetting trend is linked
to more frequent strong precipitation events over the eastern NCM,
suggesting that it may have been induced remotely by atmospheric
circulation perturbations.
Saturation of destratifying and restratifying instabilities during down-front wind events: a case study in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Goldsworth Fraser William , Bras Isabela Alexander-Astiz Le , Johnson Helen Louise , Marshall David P
Published: September 2023

Observations indicate that symmetric instability is active in the East
Greenland Current during strong northerly wind events. Theoretical
considerations suggest that baroclinic instability may also be enhanced
during these events. An ensemble of idealised numerical ocean models,
forced with northerly winds show that the short time-scale response
(from two to four weeks) to the increased baroclinicity of the flow is
the excitation of symmetric instability, which sets the potential
vorticity of the flow to zero. The high latitude of the current means
that the zero potential vorticity state has low stratification, and
symmetric instability destratifies the water column. On longer time
scales (greater than four weeks), baroclinic instability is excited and
the associated slumping of isopycnals restratifies the water column.
Eddy-resolving models that fail to resolve the submesoscale should
consider using submesoscale parameterisations to prevent the formation
of overly stratified frontal systems following down-front wind events.
The mixed layer in the current deepens at a rate proportional to the
square root of the time-integrated wind stress. Peak water mass
transformation rates vary linearly with the time-integrated wind stress.
The duration of a wind event leads to a saturation of mixing rates which
means increasing the peak wind stress in an event leads to no extra
mixing. Using ERA5 reanalysis data we estimate that between 1.5Sv and
1.8Sv of East Greenland Coastal Current Waters are produced by mixing
with lighter surface waters during wintertime by down-front wind events.
Similar amounts of East Greenland-Irminger Current water are produced at
a slower rate.
Our Hot Future Has Arrived-Are we Prepared?
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel
Published: September 2023

Climate change has significantly enhanced dangerous heat events. Many of
our institutions are ill-prepared to provide science-informed and rapid
interventions to confront this. The GeoHealth community is working to
bring science, public health, and medical professionals closer together
to grapple with the challenges posed by extreme heat.
Exploring the mechanisms of the soil moisture-air temperature hypersensitive coupling regime
Authors: Hsu Hsin , Dirmeyer Paul A , Seo Eunkyo
Published: September 2023

High temperature extremes accompanied by drought have led to serious
ramifications for environmental and socio-economic systems. Thus,
improving the predictability of heat-wave events is a high priority. One
key to achieving this is to better understand land-atmosphere
interactions. Recent studies have documented a hypersensitive regime in
the soil moisture-temperature relationship when soil dries below a
critical low threshold, air temperatures increase at a greater rate as
soil moisture declines. In this study, we explore the mechanisms linking
low soil moisture to high air temperatures. From in-situ observations,
we confirm that the hypersensitive regime acts throughout the chain of
energy processes from land to atmosphere. A simple energy-balance model
indicates that the cause of the hypersensitive regime is the dramatic
drop in evaporative cooling that occurs when soil moisture dries to the
permanent wilting point, below which latent heat flux almost ceases.
Precisely how a model represents the relationship between
evapotranspiration and soil moisture is found to be essential to
describe the occurrence of hypersensitive regime. Thus, we advocate that
climate models should ensure a realistic representation of
land-atmosphere interactions to obtain reliable forecasts of extremes
and climate projections, aiding the assessment of climate vulnerability
and adaptation.
Breaking the Ice: Exploring the Changing Dynamics of Winter Breakup Events in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Rheinlaender Jonathan Winfield , Regan Heather C , Rampal Pierre , Boutin Guillaume , Olason Einar , Davy Richard
Published: September 2023

The Beaufort Sea has experienced a significant decline in sea ice, with
thinner first-year ice replacing thicker multi-year ice. This transition
makes the ice cover weaker and more mobile, making it more vulnerable to
breakup during winter. Using a coupled ocean-sea-ice model, we
investigated the impact of these changes on sea-ice breakup events and
lead formation from 2000 to 2018. The simulation shows an increasing
trend in the Beaufort Sea lead area fraction during winter, with a
pronounced transition around 2007. A high lead area fraction in winter
promotes a significant growth of new, thin ice within the Beaufort
region while also leading to enhanced sea ice transport out of the area.
The export offsets ice growth, resulting in negative volume anomalies
and preconditioning a thinner and weaker ice pack at the end of the cool
season. Our results indicate that large breakup events may become more
frequent as the sea-ice cover thins and that such events only became
common after 2007. This result highlights the need to represent these
processes in global-scale climate models to improve projections of the
Arctic.
Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling during HILDCAAs
Authors: Milan Stephen E. , Mooney Michaela Kerry , Bower Gemma E. , Fleetham Amy L , Vines Sarah Kimberly , Gjerloev Jesper W.
Published: September 2023

High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) intervals
are driven by High Speed solar wind Streams (HSSs) during which the
rapidly-varying interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) produces high but
intermittent dayside reconnection rates. This results in several days of
large, quasi-periodic enhancements in the auroral electrojet (AE) index.
There has been debate over whether the enhancements in AE are produced
by substorms or whether HILDCAAs represent a distinct class of
magnetospheric dynamics. We investigate sixteen HILDCAA events using the
expanding/contracting polar cap model as a framework to understand the
magnetospheric dynamics occurring during HSSs. Each HILDCAA onset shows
variations in open magnetic flux, dayside and nightside reconnection
rates, the cross-polar cap potential, and AL that are characteristic of
substorms. The enhancements in AE are produced by activity in the
pre-midnight sector, which is the typical substorm onset region. The
periodicities present in the intermittent IMF determine the exact nature
of the activity, producing a range of behaviours from a sequence of
isolated substorms, through substorms which merge into one-another, to
almost continuous geomagnetic activity. The magnitude of magnetic
fluctuations, $dB/dt$, in the pre-midnight sector during HSSs is
sufficient to produce a significant risk of Geomagnetically Induced
Currents, which can be detrimental to power-grids and pipelines.
Seismological constraints on the causes of intraplate earthquakes in Yangjiang region, South China
Authors: Li Lun , Zhang Jinming , Shen Xuzhang , Wang Xiaonan , He Jialong , Zhao LingFeng , Deng Zhihui , Gao Rui
Published: September 2023

Large earthquakes that occur away from plate boundaries (i.e., large
intraplate earthquakes), though rare, could cause heavy damage.
Understanding their causes could help with seismic hazard assessment. In
this study, we image the seismogenic structure under the 1969 Ms6.4
Yangjiang intraplate earthquake within the stable South China Block with
a high-resolution three-dimensional shear-wave velocity model
constructed from ambient noise tomography based on a high-density
seismic array. The model images relatively low velocities at a fault
intersection region from the surface to at least 13 km depth in the
Yangjiang seismogenic zone. Given spatial links among the faults,
surface seawater, and low velocities, we interpret the low velocities to
reflect the presence of seawater-filled highly-fractured rocks in fault
zones. We infer that the seawater infiltration could have elevated pore
pressure in the long term and lowered effective stress, as evidenced by
low earthquake b values at depths of 8-13 km. This process could explain
the generation of the Ms6.4 Yangjiang earthquake. We further hypothesize
that the large intraplate earthquakes within stable plates are prone to
occur in regional weakening regions that tend to build up stress. Given
sufficient tectonic stress accumulation, the long-term
hydrologically-driven crustal stress variations via increasing pore
pressure could play an essential role in triggering large intraplate
earthquakes. This study could help seismic hazard assessment in the
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Greater-Bay-Area, China.
Beyond “Geological Nature” and Fatalistic Determinism: The Socio-cultural Faces of the Anthropocene and the Political Space to Avoid Ecological Catastrophe
Authors: Zuk Piotr , Żuk Paweł
Published: September 2023

The commentary encourages supplementing the geological and natural
concept of the Anthropocene with a cultural and political aspect. These
two perspectives are not mutually exclusive but are complementary. This
approach can facilitate its transition from the language of academic
debate to practical and necessary actions at the societal level.
According to the authors, the slightly abstract and impersonal
Anthropocene should be shown in the context of cultural, economic and
political dependencies and choices that created it and continue to
reproduce its logic. This turn also opens up a new area for analysing
the Anthropocene from the perspective of a critique of political economy
(an analysis of the costs of economic policies that reproduce and
accelerate successive stages of the ecological catastrophe) as well as
of civic culture (research ‘anthropocentric awareness’ or
‘anthropocentric citizenship’ in entire societies). Thus, the authors
suggest rejecting the fatalistic determinism of the Anthropocene as a
process that, although originally caused by humans, is now often treated
as a phenomenon beyond the reach of social action
Reimaging academic integrity through the lenses of ethics of care and restorative justice to establish a culture of academic integrity
Authors: As Janus van , Kluyts Marike
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many aspects of human life, including
the higher education sector, which had to switch to emergency remote
teaching and learning (ERTL). This transition presented additional
challenges for students, particularly those in South African higher
education institutions, who already faced obstacles such as poor
internet access and language and academic literacy barriers. The move to
ERTL also led to an increase in academic misconduct cases, and
discussions on academic integrity became more prominent, often focusing
on using surveillance and monitoring software. The pandemic and the
discussions on academic dishonesty prompted institutions to evaluate
their understanding of academic dishonesty and how to restore students’
academic integrity by reflecting on institutional culture and processes
and rethink their approach to providing learning excellence. In this
chapter, the authors propose an approach to provide learning excellence
by using the lenses of ethics of care and restorative justice to
establish a framework of restorative practice as an ideal way to address
academic integrity issues. This approach includes inclusive
decision-making, active accountability, repairing harm, and rebuilding
trust. The authors further suggest implementing an academic integrity
course for all first-year students as part of the newly implemented
gateway to success program to enhance academic integrity.

Keywords: Ethics of Care, Restorative Justice, Restorative
Practice, Academic Integrity, Learning Excellence, Deep and Meaningful
Learning, Academic Misconduct
Heat Transfer in Pyroclastic Density Current-Ice Interactions: Insights from Experimental and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Vale Amelia B , Jenkins Luke T , Phillips Jeremy C , Rust Alison C , Hogg Andrew J , Kilgour Geoff , Seward Anya
Published: September 2023

Stratovolcanoes are common globally, with high altitude summit regions
that are often glacier-clad and intersect the seasonal and perennial
snow line. Explosive eruptions from stratovolcanoes can generate
pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). When PDCs are emplaced onto and
propagate over glacierised substrates, melt and steam are generated and
incorporated into the flow, which can cause a transformation from hot,
dry granular flow, to a water-saturated, sediment-laden flow, termed a
lahar. Both PDCs and ice-melt lahars are highly hazardous due to their
high energy during flow and long runout distances. Knowledge of the
physics that underpin these interactions and the transformation to
ice-melt lahar is extremely limited, preventing accurate descriptions
within hazard models. To physically constrain the thermal interactions
we conduct static melting experiments, where a hot granular layer was
emplaced onto an ice substrate. The rate of heat transfer through the
particle layer, melt and steam generation were quantified. Experiments
revealed systematic increases in melt and steam with increasing particle
layer thicknesses and temperatures. We also present a one-dimensional
numerical model for heat transfer, calibrated against experiment data,
capable of accurately predicting temperature and associated melting.
Furthermore, we present similarity solutions for early-time melting
which are used to benchmark our numerical scheme, and to provide rapid
estimates for meltwater flux hydrographs. These data are vital for
predicting melt volume and incorporation into PDCs required to
facilitate the transformation to and evolution of ice-melt lahars.
The Role of Elastography in Predicting the Grade of Mammary Ductal Carcinoma
Authors:   National TB institute, Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq, Said Taimaa T.M. , Sheet Alaa ,   of Radiology, Abu Gharib Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, Nuaman Bilal ,   of Medicine, College of Medicine, Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: September 2023

Background: Elastography is an imaging technique which has been used in the last decades and its role in breast masses characterization is well established. However, its value for predicting breast cancer grading is yet to be studied. Objective: To determine the role of strain elastography in the prediction of the grade of mammary ductal carcinoma. Methods: A cross sectional study enrolled 44 female patients with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) Category 5 breast mass. Complete B-mode and elastographic ultrasound examination of the breast was performed with evaluation of the elastoscore and strain ratio. Correlation with the detailed histopathological report was done for cases that were proved to be ductal type breast carcinoma. Results: Significant correlation was found between the speculated outline of the tumor and grade III tumor (p=0.03). Breast tumors with higher Elastography/B mode size ratio (>1) and with high elasticity score (score 5) were significantly associated with grade III (p=0.02). The mean strain ratio of masses was significantly higher among grade III breast tumors (p<0.001). Conclusion: Elastography is a helpful non-invasive tool that has the potential for predicting breast ductal carcinoma grade and by such predicting the prognosis. Keywords: Breast ductal carcinoma, strain elastography, ductal carcinoma grades Citation: Said TTM, Sheet AT, Nuaman BN. The role of elastography in predicting the grade of mammary ductal carcinoma. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(2): 233-238. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.2.10
Effect of TNF-Gold Nanoparticles Combination on Kidney and Liver Parameters of Female Mice
Authors:   Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Ma'moon University College, Baghdad, Iraq, Abood Noor , Kadhim Haider ,   of Microbiology, University of Al-Nahrain, Baghdad, Iraq, Jabir Majid ,   Division of Biotechnology, Dept. of Applied Science, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: September 2023

Background: Nanomedicine has emerged as a powerful platform for applying nanotechnology in the prevention and treating many diseases. Objective: To investigate the toxicity of designated anti-cancer drugs composed of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and cysteine-Alanine-Leucine-Asparagine-Asparagine (CALNN) peptide on kidney and liver parameters, using animals’ model. Methods: A Combination of TNF-α and CALNN peptide on the surface of GNPs were achieved depending on formation of dative covalent bond between molecules and pH of solutions, which leads to react with active groups of different molecules of nanoparticles, which characterized using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. Moreover, their effects on kidney and liver blood variables had been examined. These blood values included measurement of the glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea levels after intraperitoneal injection of an anti-cancer drug in female albino mice. Results: Overall, the results indicated that there was no significant change in the concentration of different biochemical values between treated and control groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that GNPs-TNF-α-CALNN combination have no harmful impact on kidney and liver organs of tested mice. Keywords: Nanomedicine, GNPs, TNF-α, CALNN peptide, drug delivery, cytotoxicity Citation: Abood NA, Kadhim HS, Jabir MS. Effect of TNF-gold nanoparticles combination on kidney and liver parameters of female mice. Iraqi JMS. 2022; 20(2): 245-251. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.20.2.12
Organic soils on the way to climate neutral European union: the example of Estonian agricultural land
Authors:   Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Ariva Jelena , Viira Ants-Hannes ,   Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
Published: September 2023

European Union climate policy envisages climate-neutrality by 2050 and fosters Member States to find opportunities to reduce GHG emissions. Land use is a key sector to achieve net-zero emissions. To understand how each Member State can contribute to achieving climate goals, the impact of land use change on GHG emissions should be studied at the national level. The use of organic soils for crop production has a detrimental climate impact due to the large carbon stock decrease. In Estonia, approximately a quarter of GHG emissions from agricultural soils results from cultivation of organic soils. This study aims to show the impact of a scenario that assumes part of agricultural land (AL) will be converted into forest land (FL) and green focus areas; and that AL on organic soils will be converted into grassland (GL). Furthermore, 20% of this area will be rewetted. The future scenario of AL use was created using the Shared Socio-economic Pathways methodology. IPCC Guidelines were used in assessing GHG emissions. AL use changes following this scenario would help reduce GHG emissions by 90% by 2050 compared to 2020. In case of rewetting 20% of converted organic soils, the reduction would be 82% under assumptions about Estonian conditions. It is important to convert cropland on organic soils to GL and FL in order to reduce GHG emissions. However, before designing policy measures for changing AL use, it is important to analyse the actual status of organic soils in Estonia and determine emission factors at the national level.
Direct and indirect effects of demographic structures on the labour force participation rate
Authors: Gligorijevic Vera , Knezevic Aleksandar , Bakic Damjan
Published: September 2023

The composition of the workforce according to education and age is an important determinant of the labour force participation rate. Education and age of the working-agepopulation determine the level of economic activity through specific activity rates (direct effect) and through the numerical distribution of the population according to educational and age categories (indirect effect). The nature of the basic relationship between demographic structures and the level of activity is already well known and explained, but in previous works in which changes in the level of economic activity were investigated, there is a lack of analyses that would break down the difference in the value of the general rate of activity of the labour contingent into the contribution of the components that participate in that change, which would create space for public policies and the implementation of measures aimed at expanding the scope of the workforce. Therefore, this scientific paper quantifies the indirect (composite) and direct (behavioural) effects of the educational and age structure of the workforce during the period 2002-2021. It is assumed that for oscillations in the level of activity there was a more significant contribution of behavioural effects, that is, compared to composite effects, they had a stronger influence both when the labour force participation rate was falling (2002-2011) and when it was growing (2011-2021). The analysis is based on data from the Labour Force Survey, and the method of decomposition of general rates, often used in demography, was used to quantify the individual contribution of effects.
Tek katlı Kırsal Bölge Yapısının Gömülü Enerji ve Karbon Salınımının Analizi
Authors: Erzurum Tuğba , Bettemir Önder Halis
Published: September 2023

İnşaat işlerinin çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve analizi önemli bir araştırma alanıdır. Bir binanın inşası için çok sayıda iş kaleminin uygulanması gerekliliği ve yapı malzemesi seçeneklerinin çok sayıda olması bina inşaatlarının gömülü enerji ve karbon salınımı analizlerinin yapılmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Belirtilen zorluğun aşılması için bu çalışmada çerçeve bir sistem geliştirilmiştir. Kırsal alanda inşa edilebilecek tek katlı tipik bir yapının inşaat kalemleri belirlenerek farklı yapım seçenekleri hazırlanmıştır. Tüm yapım seçeneklerinin birim iş miktarı için gereken malzeme miktarları, iş makinesi kullanımı ve enerji gereksinimi belirlenmiştir. Seçilen iş kalemine göre değişebilecek metraj değerlerinin tam doğrulukta hesaplanabilmesi için yapı elemanları ve yapım alternatifleri arasında anlamsal ilişkiler kurulmuştur. Metraj değerleri ile birim iş tarifleri eşleştirilerek yapının inşasının neden olacağı maliyet, gömülü enerji ve karbon salınımı hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca binanın ısı kaybı hesaplamaları TS 825’e göre gerçekleştirilmiş ve 50 yıllık kullanımı boyunca odun, kömür, elektrik sobası veya klima ile ısıtılması sonucu oluşacak enerji tüketimi, karbon salınımı ve maliyet hesaplanmıştır. İnşaat kalemlerinin gömülü enerji, karbon salınımı ve maliyete etkisinin incelenmesi için Monte Carlo simülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş ve tüm yapım seçeneklerinin eşit seçilme olasılığı olacak şekilde rastgele seçimlerle yapı oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan yapının inşası ve kullanımıyla ortaya çıkan gömülü enerji, karbon salınımı ve maliyet hesaplanmıştır. Bu şekilde inşaat kalemlerinin her birinin yapı üzerindeki ortalama gömülü enerji, karbon salınımı ve maliyet etkisi belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında hazırlanan ve sunulan inşaat işlerinin gömülü enerji ve karbon salınımı değerleri ile analiz sonuçları yeşil bina üzerinde çalışan araştırmacılara faydalı olma potansiyeline sahiptir.
1G'den 6G'ye Hücresel Evrim Üzerine Kapsamlı Bir Derleme
Authors: MUSTARİ Nazifa , KARABULUT Muhammet Ali , SHAH A F M Shahen , TÜRELİ Ufuk
Published: September 2023

Daha yüksek hizmet kalitesi, veri hızları, kapasite ve azalan gecikmeye yönelik artan ihtiyaç nedeniyle, hücresel iletişim gün geçtikçe gelişmektedir. Hücresel ağların tasarımı, bu talepleri karşılamak için önemli ölçüde geliştirilmektedir. Yeni çoklu erişim yöntemleri, modülasyon teknikleri, gelişen teknolojiler vb. sayesinde ihtiyaç ve talepler karşılanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, birinci nesilden (1G) altıncı nesle (6G) kadar hücresel evrim üzerine kapsamlı bir çalışma sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada hücresel ağ tasarımları, çoklu erişim stratejileri, modülasyon teknikleri ve gelişen teknolojiler ele alınmıştır. Hücresel ağın mimarisi 1G'den 5G'ye kadar verilmiştir. Mimariyi geliştirmek ve kullanıcı taleplerini karşılamak için ortaya çıkan en önemli teknolojilerden bazıları ele alınmaktadır. Massive MIMO, yazılım tanımlı ağ, mmWave ve diğer gelecek teknolojiler bun önemli teknolojiler arasındadır. Ek olarak, 1G'den 5G'ye kadar çeşitli erişim mekanizmaları araştırılmaktadır. Birkaç nesil hücresel iletişimin bir karşılaştırması bulunmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca yaklaşan 6G'nin neler getirebileceğine dair bir ön izleme sunmaktadır. 6G ile ilgili tartışılan zorluklar ve sorunlar açıklanmaktadır.
Indirect Education: Exploring Indirectness in Teaching and Research
Authors: Fraser Benson
Published: September 2023

Book Review: Saeverot, H. (2022). Indirect Education: Exploring Indirectness in Teaching and Research. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. 140 pages. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003193463
Interview mit Professor Dr. Peter Thuy, Präsident der GPM
Authors: Scheurer Steffen , Steeger Oliver
Published: September 2023

Klimawandel, Digitalisierung, Demographie, Verkehrswende – dies sind gesellschaftliche Megatrends. Projektmanager sind gut beraten, diese Megatrends im Blick behalten. Zum einen sind Projekte ein hervorragendes Werkzeug, mit den Herausforderungen der aktuellen Megatrends umzugehen. Zum anderen: Megatrends haben starken Einfluss auf die Projektelandschaft, wie beispielsweise die steigende Zahl von Klimaschutzprojekten zeigt. Im Interview erklärt GPM Präsident Professor Peter Thuy, welche Megatrends für das Projektmanagement von Bedeutung sind, wie Politik und öffentliche Verwaltungen von Projektmanagement profitieren – und wie Projektmanager beitragen können, die Herausforderungen zu meistern.
„Vom Start bis zur Ziellinie: Der Ulmer Einstein-Marathon – Das ultimative Sportereignis“
Authors: Delago Birgit , Klausing Helmut
Published: September 2023

Der Einstein-Marathon ist mit etwa 18.000 Läufer:innen das größte jährliche Laufevent in Süddeutschland. Das Projektmanagement dafür ist ein echtes Meisterwerk! Mit viel Planungsarbeit, Koordinationstalent und Teamarbeit schafft es das Kernteam des Projekts, ein fantastisches Event auf die Beine zu stellen mit dem Ziel, eine unvergessliche Erfahrung für alle Teilnehmer:innen und Zuschauer:innen zu schaffen und die Region Ulm / Neu-Ulm das ganze Jahr über am Laufen zu halten.
Gereifte Empathie – weshalb wir sie im Projektmanagement brauchen. Mehr als Mitfühlen
Authors: Steeger Oliver
Published: September 2023

Empathie – der neue Softskill-Trend. Empathie gilt als Schlüsselqualifikation der Arbeit der Zukunft. Ein unerlässliches soziales Schmiermittel für agile, multidisziplinäre und interkulturelle Teams. Doch Vorsicht! Psychologen verstehen unter dem inflationär gebrauchten Buzzword mehr als nur „Mitgefühl“ oder „Nett-Sein“. Sie entwickeln ein anspruchsvolles Bild von Empathie. Im Interview erklärt Wirtschaftspsychologe Professor Florian Becker, wie gereifte Empathie Zusammenarbeit fördert, weshalb jeder Empathie auch für sich selbst haben sollte – und mit welchen einfachen Fragen jeder prüfen kann, wie empathisch er wirklich ist.
Zukunftsfähige Projektportfolios – wie Top- Performer ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Anforderungen in Einklang bringen
Authors: Bechtel Jadena , Lehner Patrick , Kock Alexander , Gemünden Hans Georg
Published: September 2023

Seit nun fast 20 Jahren beschäftigt sich die Forschungsgruppe Multiprojektmanagement (MPM) mit Erfolgsfaktoren und Best Practices im MPM. Die 10. Multiprojektmanagement-Benchmarking-Studie 2022 befasste sich mit zukunftsfähiger Unternehmensführung und fokussierte hierbei die Bereiche Nachhaltigkeit und Projektleitende. 120 Projektportfolios aus unterschiedlichen Industrien nahmen an der Studie teil und beantworteten Fragen zu ihrem MPM und den Fokusthemen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Nachhaltigkeitsintegration noch wenig ausgereift im MPM ist. Portfolios, die hier Vorreiter sind, können sich jedoch einen kompetitiven Vorteil sichern. Zudem sind unterstützende Personalmaßnahmen für Projektleitende erfolgsversprechend.