bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proof of Concept of the Yadokari Nature: a Capsidless Replicase-Encoding but Replication-Dependent Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus Hosted by an Unrelated Double-Stranded RNA Virus
Authors: Das Subha , Alam Md Mahfuz , Zhang Rui , Hisano Sakae , Suzuki Nobuhiro
Published: June 2021

Viruses typically encode their own capsids that encase their genomes. However, a capsidless positive-sense single stranded RNA [(+)ssRNA] virus, YkV1, depends on an unrelated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, YnV1, for encapsidation and replication.
Interspecies Recombination Has Driven the Macroevolution of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses
Authors: Crespo-Bellido Alvin , Hoyer J. Steen , Dubey Divya , Jeannot Ronica B. , Duffy Siobain
Published: June 2021

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a significant threat to cassava production throughout Africa and Asia. CMD is caused by a complex comprised of 11 recognized virus species exhibiting accelerated rates of evolution, driven by high frequencies of mutation and genetic exchange.
HIV-1 Gag Recruits Oligomeric Vpr via Two Binding Sites in p6, but Both Mature p6 and Vpr Are Rapidly Lost upon Target Cell Entry
Authors: Wanaguru Madushi , Bishop Kate N.
Published: June 2021

The p12 protein of MLV and the p6 protein of HIV-1 are both supplementary Gag cleavage products that carry proline-rich motifs that facilitate virus budding. Importantly, p12 has also been found to be essential for early viral replication events.
Human Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 Promotes HIV-1 Integration by Preferentially Degrading Unprocessed Viral DNA
Authors: Davids Benem-Orom , Balasubramaniam Muthukumar , Sapp Nicklas , Prakash Prem , Ingram Shalonda , Li Min , Craigie Robert , Hollis Thomas , Pandhare Jui , Dash Chandravanu
Published: June 2021

Productive HIV-1 infection is dependent on a number of cellular factors. Therefore, a clear understanding of how the virus exploits the cellular machinery will identify new targets for inhibiting HIV-1 infection.
Viral and Host Transcriptomes in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Human Lung Cells
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Zhao Yudong , Yan Feihu , Wang Tiecheng , Sun Weiyang , Feng Na , Wang Wenqi , Wang Hongmei , He Hongbin , Yang Songtao , Xia Xianzhu , Gao Yuwei
Published: June 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the current severe global health emergency that began at the end of 2019. Although the universal transcriptional strategies of coronaviruses are preliminarily understood, the details of RNA synthesis, especially the time-matched transcription level of each SARS-CoV-2 gene and the principles of subgenomic mRNA synthesis, are not clear.
V367F Mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Emerging during the Early Transmission Phase Enhances Viral Infectivity through Increased Human ACE2 Receptor Binding Affinity
Authors: Ou Junxian , Zhou Zhonghua , Dai Ruixue , Zhang Jing , Zhao Shan , Wu Xiaowei , Lan Wendong , Ren Yi , Cui Lilian , Lan Qiaoshuai , Lu Lu , Seto Donald , Chodosh James , Wu Jianguo , Zhang Gong , Zhang Qiwei
Published: June 2021

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused the pandemic of COVID-19. The origin of SARS-CoV-2 was associated with zoonotic infections.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Suppresses the Endogenous Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway To Oppose Gammaherpesvirus Replication in Primary Macrophages
Authors: Aurubin C. A. , Knaack D. A. , Sahoo D. , Tarakanova V. L.
Published: June 2021

LDL-R is a cell surface receptor that mediates the endocytosis of cholesterol-rich low-density lipoproteins, allowing cells to acquire cholesterol exogenously. Several RNA viruses usurp LDL-R function to facilitate replication; however, the role of LDL-R in DNA virus infection remains unknown.
Identification of Novel T-Cell Epitopes on Infectious Bronchitis Virus N Protein and Development of a Multi-epitope Vaccine
Authors: Qin Yifeng , Tu Kaihang , Teng Qingyuan , Feng Delan , Zhao Ye , Zhang Guozhong
Published: June 2021

T-cell-mediated immune responses are critical for the elimination of IBV-infected cells. To screen conserved T-cell epitopes in the IBV N protein, 40 overlapping peptides covering the entirety of the N protein were designed and synthesized.
HMGB1
Knockout Decreases Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Virion Production in iSLK BAC16 Cells by Attenuating Viral Gene Expression
Authors: Kang Su-Kyung , Kang Yun Hee , Yoo Seung-Min , Park Changhoon , Kim Hong Seok , Lee Myung-Shin
Published: June 2021

The high-mobility group box 1 (
HMGB1
) protein has many intra- and extracellular biological functions with an intricate role in various diseases. In certain viral infections,
HMGB1
affects the viral life cycle and pathogenesis.
N
-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Retinamide Suppresses SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Mediated Cell-Cell Fusion by a Dihydroceramide Δ4-Desaturase 1-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiro , Tsuchiya Kiyoto , Yamamoto Mizuki , Nemoto-Sasaki Yoko , Tanigawa Kazunari , Hama Kotaro , Ueda Yusuke , Tanikawa Takashi , Gohda Jin , Maeda Kenji , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Yamashita Atsushi
Published: June 2021

Sphingolipids could play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated membrane fusion with host cells. We studied the cell-cell fusion using SARS-CoV-2 S-expressing cells and sphingolipid-manipulated target cells, with an inhibitor of the sphingolipid metabolism. 4-HPR (also known as fenretinide) is an inhibitor of DES1, and it exhibits antitumor activity and suppresses cell-cell fusion and viral infection. 4-HPR suppresses membrane fusion through a decrease in membrane fluidity, which could possibly be the cause for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A Bacterial Symbiont Protects Honey Bees from Fungal Disease
Authors: Miller Delaney L. , Smith Eric A. , Newton Irene L. G.
Published: June 2021

Fungi can play critical roles in host microbiomes (5–7), yet bacterial-fungal interactions are understudied. For insects, fungi are the leading cause of disease (5, 8).
Polar Growth in Corynebacterium glutamicum Has a Flexible Cell Wall Synthase Requirement
Authors: Sher Joel W. , Lim Hoong Chuin , Bernhardt Thomas G.
Published: June 2021

The
Corynebacterineae
suborder includes a number of major bacterial pathogens. These organisms grow by polar extension unlike most well-studied model bacteria, which grow by inserting wall material at dispersed sites along their length.
Growth and Stress Tolerance Comprise Independent Metabolic Strategies Critical for Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Kim Gyu-Lee , Hooven Thomas A. , Norambuena Javiera , Li Barry , Boyd Jeffrey M. , Yang Jason H. , Parker Dane
Published: June 2021

Staphylococcus aureusis an important bacterial pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality, infecting numerous bodily sites, including the respiratory tract. To identify the bacterial requirements for lung infection, we conducted a genome-wide screen in a mouse model of acute pneumonia.
Experimental-Evolution-Driven Identification of
Arabidopsis
Rhizosphere Competence Genes in Pseudomonas protegens
Authors: Li Erqin , Zhang Hao , Jiang Henan , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Jousset Alexandre , Bakker Peter A. H. M. , de Jonge Ronnie
Published: June 2021

Beneficial root-associated microorganisms carry out many functions that are essential for plant performance. Establishment of a bacterium on plant roots, however, requires overcoming many challenges.
A Chlamydial Plasmid-Dependent Secretion System for the Delivery of Virulence Factors to the Host Cytosol
Authors: Lei Lei , Yang Chunfu , Patton Michael John , Smelkinson Margery , Dorward David , Ma Li , Karanovic Una , Firdous Saba , McClarty Grant , Caldwell Harlan D.
Published: June 2021

The
Chlamydia trachomatis
plasmid regulates the expression and secretion of immune evasion virulence factors to the host cytosol by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we identified a novel plasmid gene protein 4 (Pgp4)-dependent secretion system.
Complete Genome Sequence of Paradevosia shaoguanensis Type Strain J5-3, Obtained Using Nanopore and Illumina Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Wang Yang , Wang Songxue
Published: June 2021

The complete genome sequence of
Paradevosia shaoguanensis
J5-3
T
(China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center [CGMCC] 1.12430
T
) is presented here. The complete genome sequence of
P
.
shaoguanensis
J5-3
T
will provide valuable references for classification and comparative genome analysis.
High-Quality Genome Reconstruction of Candida albicans CHN1 Using Nanopore and Illumina Sequencing and Hybrid Assembly
Authors: Garg Shipra , Ranjan Piyush , Erb-Downward John R. , Huffnagle Gary B.
Published: June 2021

We report an improved, nearly closed, high-quality draft genome of the
Candida albicans
CHN1 strain (ATCC MYA-4779), a human isolate, using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing. Covering six complete and two partial nuclear chromosomes along with a partial mitochondrial genome, this assembly is 14,787,852 bases in size, with 5,935 genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank Number 0346
Authors: Stuart Keira L. , Bayles Darrell O. , Shore Sarah M. , Nicholson Tracy L.
Published: June 2021

Plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance encoded by
mcr-1
has increased public health concerns due to the potential for rapid horizontal transfer. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of colistin-resistant
Escherichia coli
Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank number 0346, harboring a plasmid-borne
mcr-1
gene.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Micrococcus luteus MT1691313, Isolated from the Mariana Trench
Authors: Wang Zhen , Feng Ji-xing , Li Xue-peng , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2021

Micrococcus luteus
MT1691313 is a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from the deep-sea sediment located at a −4,448-m depth in the Mariana Trench. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which has a genome size of 2.32 Mb with a GC content of 72.04%.
16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing of Gut Microbiota from Naked Carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) in Qinghai Lake, China
Authors: Wang Fayan , Liu Yu , Li Guangxin , Yang Xi , Gao Qiang
Published: June 2021

Naked carp (
Gymnocypris przewalskii
) is a second-grade animal under state protection of China. We report 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of the gut microbiota of
Gymnocypris przewalskii
. The three most abundant phyla are
Tenericutes
,
Proteobacteria
, and
Fusobacteria
, and the six most abundant genera are
Aeromonas
,
Clostridium
,
Cetobacterium
,
Shewanella
,
Prochlorococcus
, and
Vibrio
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Oral
Actinomyces
sp. HMT175 Strain ORNL0102, a Host of the Saccharibacterium (TM7) HMT957
Authors: Joshi Snehal , Podar Peter T. , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Podar Mircea
Published: June 2021

Actinomyces
sp. HMT175 strain ORNL0102 was isolated from a human saliva sample and can serve as a host for the ectobiont saccharibacterium/TM7 HMT957. Its 3.3-Mbp circular chromosome was completely sequenced using PacBio long reads, and it encodes 2,408 proteins and 63 RNAs.
Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria musculi Using Illumina and PacBio Sequencing
Authors: Thapa Eliza , Aluvathingal Jain , Nadendla Suvarna , Mehta Aditya , Tettelin Hervé , Weyand Nathan J.
Published: June 2021

Neisseria musculi
is an oral commensal of wild-caught mice. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
N. musculi
strain NW831, generated using a combination of the Illumina and PacBio platforms.
Complete Genome Sequence of Strain JB001, a Member of
Saccharibacteria
Clade G6 (“
Candidatus
Nanogingivalaceae”)
Authors: Baker Jonathon L.
Published: June 2021

At least 6 highly diverse clades of Saccharibacteria inhabit the human oral cavity. However, all oral Saccharibacteria strains with currently available complete genome sequences or cultured isolates belong to clade G1, leaving clades G2 through G6 poorly understood. Here, a complete genome sequence of JB001, a clade G6 (“
Candidatus
Nanogingivalaceae”) Saccharibacteria strain, is reported.
Recent Vibrio cholerae O1 Epidemic Strains Are Unable To Replicate CTXΦ Prophage Genome
Authors: Ochi Kaoru , Mizuno Tamaki , Samanta Prosenjit , Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Miyoshi Shin-ichi , Imamura Daisuke
Published: June 2021

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by pathogenic strains of
V. cholerae
generated by lysogenization of the filamentous cholera toxin phage CTXΦ. The analysis revealed that recent isolates possessed altered CTXΦ prophage array of prototype El Tor strain and were defective in replicating the CTXΦ genome.
Zika Virus Induces an Atypical Tripartite Unfolded Protein Response with Sustained Sensor and Transient Effector Activation and a Blunted BiP Response
Authors: Mufrrih Mohammed , Chen Biyao , Chan Shiu-Wan
Published: June 2021

The Zika virus originates from Africa and Asia but is emerging in other parts of the world. It usually causes an asymptomatic or mild, acute infection but can cause serious neurological complications, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndromes.
A Novel Phage Infecting
Alteromonas
Represents a Distinct Group of Siphophages Infecting Diverse Aquatic Copiotrophs
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Lai Jiayong , Chen Xiaowei , Wang Long , Yang Yahui , Wei Shuzhen , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui
Published: June 2021

The evolution and ecology of phages infecting members of
Alteromonas
, a marine opportunistic genus that is widely distributed and of great ecological significance, remain poorly understood. The present study integrates physiological and genomic evidence to characterize the properties and putative phage-host interactions of a newly isolated
Alteromonas
phage, vB_AcoS-R7M (R7M).
Cross-Hemisphere Study Reveals Geographically Ubiquitous, Plastic-Specific Bacteria Emerging from the Rare and Unexplored Biosphere
Authors: Scales Brittan S. , Cable Rachel N. , Duhaime Melissa B. , Gerdts Gunnar , Fischer Franziska , Fischer Dieter , Mothes Stephanie , Hintzki Lisa , Moldaenke Lynn , Ruwe Matthias , Kalinowski Jörn , Kreikemeyer Bernd , Pedrotti Maria-Luiza , Gorsky Gaby , Elineau Amanda , Labrenz Matthias , Oberbeckmann Sonja
Published: June 2021

This study represents one of the largest comparisons of biofilms from environmentally sampled plastic and nonplastic particles from aquatic environments. By including particles sampled through three separate campaigns in the Baltic, Sargasso, and Mediterranean seas, we were able to make cross-geographical comparisons and discovered common taxonomical signatures that define the plastic biofilm.
Assembly of the
Populus
Microbiome Is Temporally Dynamic and Determined by Selective and Stochastic Factors
Authors: Dove Nicholas C. , Veach Allison M. , Muchero Wellington , Wahl Toni , Stegen James C. , Schadt Christopher W. , Cregger Melissa A.
Published: June 2021

The initial assembly of the plant microbiome may establish the trajectory of forthcoming microbiome states, which could determine the overall future health of the plant. However, while much is known about the initial microbiome assembly of grasses and agricultural crops, less is known about the initial microbiome of long-lived trees, such as poplar (
Populus
spp.).
A Novel Virus of
Flaviviridae
Associated with Sexual Precocity in
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Dong Xuan , Wang Guohao , Hu Tao , Li Juan , Li Chen , Cao Zhi , Shi Mang , Wang Yiting , Zou Peizhuo , Song Jipeng , Gao Wen , Meng Fanzeng , Yang Guoliang , Tang Kathy F. J. , Li Cixiu , Shi Weifeng , Huang Jie
Published: June 2021

The iron prawn syndrome (IPS), also described as sexual precocity, results in the reduced size of farmed prawns at harvest and significant economic losses. IPS has been frequently reported in populations of farmed
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
since 2010, but the cause was heretofore unknown.
Characterization of the Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Microbiome in Children with Bacterial Meningitis and Its Potential Correlation with Inflammation
Authors: Liao Huiping , Zhang Yuchao , Guo Wei , Wang Xi , Wang Hailong , Ye Haocheng , Wu Kai , Zhang Yu-Hang , Guo Lingyun , Zhu Yufei , Guo Yongli , Hu Landian , Liu Gang , Kong Xiangyin
Published: June 2021

This study revealed the microbial compositions in children with bacterial meningitis who were treated with antibiotics and made a comprehensive comparison between blood and CSF specimens for risk and prognosis assessment. We found that microbiome signatures could distinguish patient subsets and were correlated with the CRP level in blood and granulocyte percentage in CSF.
Computational Model To Quantify the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater
Authors: Sutradhar Indorica , Ching Carly , Desai Darash , Suprenant Mark , Briars Emma , Heins Zachary , Khalil Ahmad S. , Zaman Muhammad H.
Published: June 2021

The rate at which antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has developed and spread throughout the world has increased in recent years, and according to the Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in 2014, it is suggested that the current rate will lead to AMR-related deaths of several million people by 2050 (Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,
Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Nations
, 2014). One major reservoir of resistant bacterial populations that has been linked to outbreaks of drug-resistant bacterial infections but is not well understood is in wastewater settings, where antibiotic pollution is often present.
Viral Metagenome-Based Precision Surveillance of Pig Population at Large Scale Reveals Viromic Signatures of Sample Types and Influence of Farming Management on Pig Virome
Authors: He Biao , Gong Wenjie , Yan Xiaomin , Zhao Zihan , Yang Ling’en , Tan Zhizhou , Xu Lin , Zhu Aiwei , Zhang Jianing , Rao Jihong , Yu Xinglong , Jiang Jianfeng , Lu Zongji , Zhang Yifang , Wu Jianmin , Li Yong , Shi Yuxiang , Jiang Qing , Chen Xiwen , Tu Changchun
Published: June 2021

Pigs are deeply involved in human lives; hence, their viruses are associated with public health. Here, we established the most comprehensive virome of healthy piglets to date, which provides a viromic baseline of weaned pigs for disease prevention and control, highlighting that longitudinal viromic monitoring is needed to better understand the dynamics of the virome in pig development and disease occurrence.
Gut-Expressed Vitellogenin Facilitates the Movement of a Plant Virus across the Midgut Wall in Its Insect Vector
Authors: He Ya-Zhou , Wang Yu-Meng , Yin Tian-Yan , Cuellar Wilmer J. , Liu Shu-Sheng , Wang Xiao-Wei
Published: June 2021

An essential step in the life cycle of many viruses is transmission to a new host by insect vectors, and one critical step in the transmission of persistently transmitted viruses is overcoming the midgut barrier to enter vectors and complete their cycle. Most viruses enter vector midgut epithelial cells via specific interaction between viral structural proteins and vector cell surface receptor complexes.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Machine Learning Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from Multiple Heterogeneous Sources in China Reveals Common Genetic Traits of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Wang Wei , Baker Michelle , Hu Yue , Xu Jin , Yang Dajin , Maciel-Guerra Alexandre , Xue Ning , Li Hui , Yan Shaofei , Li Menghan , Bai Yao , Dong Yinping , Peng Zixin , Ma Jinjing , Li Fengqin , Dottorini Tania
Published: June 2021

Little information is available on the epidemiology and characterization of
Staphylococcus aureus
in China. The role of food is a cause of major concern: staphylococcal foodborne diseases affect thousands every year, and the presence of resistant
Staphylococcus
strains on raw retail meat products is well documented.
Projection of Gut Microbiome Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery To Predict Surgery Outcome
Authors: Ben Izhak Meirav , Eshel Adi , Cohen Ruti , Madar-Shapiro Liora , Meiri Hamutal , Wachtel Chaim , Leung Conrad , Messick Edward , Jongkam Narisra , Mavor Eli , Sapozhnikov Shimon , Maharshak Nitsan , Abu-Abeid Subhi , Alis Avishai , Mahler Ilanit , Meoded Aviel , Meron Eldar Shai , Koren Omry , Louzoun Yoram
Published: June 2021

BMI and diabetes can affect the gut microbiome composition. Bariatric surgery has large variabilities in the outcome.
A Versatile Human Intestinal Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer Model for the Study of Enteric Pathogens
Authors: Nickerson Kourtney P. , Llanos-Chea Alejandro , Ingano Laura , Serena Gloria , Miranda-Ribera Alba , Perlman Meryl , Lima Rosiane , Sztein Marcelo B. , Fasano Alessio , Senger Stefania , Faherty Christina S.
Published: June 2021

While traditional laboratory techniques and animal models have provided valuable knowledge in discerning virulence mechanisms of enteric pathogens, the complexity of the human gastrointestinal tract has hindered our understanding of physiologically relevant, human-specific interactions and, thus, has significantly delayed successful vaccine development. The human intestinal organoid-derived epithelial monolayer (HIODEM) model closely recapitulates the diverse cell populations of the intestine, allowing for the study of human-specific infections.
Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Steenwyk Jacob L. , Mead Matthew E. , de Castro Patrícia Alves , Valero Clara , Damasio André , dos Santos Renato A. C. , Labella Abigail L. , Li Yuanning , Knowles Sonja L. , Raja Huzefa A. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Zhou Xiaofan , Cornely Oliver A. , Fuchs Frieder , Koehler Philipp , Goldman Gustavo H. , Rokas Antonis
Published: June 2021

The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has already killed millions of people. COVID-19 patient outcome can be further complicated by secondary infections, such as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).
Short Incubation of Positive Blood Cultures on Solid Media for Species Identification by MALDI-TOF MS: Which Agar Is the Fastest?
Authors: Froböse Neele J. , Idelevich Evgeny A. , Schaumburg Frieder
Published: June 2021

When blood cultures are flagged as positive, they are incubated on solid media to produce enough biomass of the bacterium for identification and susceptibility testing. Rapid turnaround times for laboratory results could save lives, and we wanted to assess which solid medium is best to shorten the time to species identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
Focused Fluid Flow, Shallow Gas Hydrate, and Cold Seep in the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Geng Minghui , Zhang Ruwei , Yang Shengxiong , Guo Jun , Chen Zongheng
Published: June 2021

The 3D seismic data acquired in the central Qiongdongnan Basin, northwestern South China Sea, reveal the presence of shallow gas hydrate, free gas, and focused fluid flow in the study area, which are indicated by multiple seismic anomalies, including bottom simulating reflectors, polarity reverses, pulldowns, minor faults, and gas chimneys intensively emplaced within the shallow strata. A new cold seep is also discovered at approximately 1520 m water depths with an ~40 m wide crater in the west part of the study area. Water column imaging, seafloor observation, and sampling using the remotely operated vehicle “Haima” demonstrate ongoing gas seepages and shallow gas hydrates at this site. Thermogenic gas in the study area migrates from the deep reservoir through the gas hydrate stability zone along deep faults and gas chimneys, forms shallow gas hydrate and free gas, and sustains localized gas seepage within this cold seep. The results provide insight into the relationship between shallow gas hydrate accumulation and deep hydrocarbon generation and migration and simultaneously have important implications for hydrocarbon explorations in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northwestern South China Sea.
Effect of Bentonite Prehydration Time on the Stability of Lightweight Oil-Well Cement System
Authors: Adjei Stephen , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Al-Majed Abdulaziz
Published: June 2021

Lightweight cement systems are used in the weak intervals of petroleum wells. Sodium bentonite is used as an extender in lightweight oil-well cement systems as it prevents excess water and sedimentation of particles, thereby ensuring the formation of homogenous and stable cement sheaths. The extending ability of sodium bentonite is enhanced when prehydrated. However, the optimum bentonite prehydration time and its effect on the stability of lightweight cement systems have not been well established. The objective of this study is to investigate the optimum sodium bentonite prehydration time and correlate it to the stability of lightweight oil-well cement systems. Bentonite suspensions were prepared by vigorous preshearing at 12000 rpm for 5 minutes, followed by aging times of 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The swelling behavior of bentonite was investigated using a laser particle size analyzer. The Herschel-Bulkley model was used to determine the rheological parameters of the experimentally measured shear stress vs. shear rate data of the aged suspensions. The effect of calcium chloride salt on aged bentonite suspensions was investigated. Density measurements and pore space analysis with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique were used to investigate the homogeneity of cement-based cores. It was observed that bentonite swells with time and, after 30 minutes, the swelling is insignificant; however, the swelling property did not have any observed impact on the properties of cement systems designed with the bentonite aged at different times. In general, all the lightweight cement slurries exhibited similar properties, in terms of rheology, stability, and homogeneity, regardless of the bentonite prehydration time. These findings indicate that aging bentonite suspension after vigorous preshearing in lightweight cement design is unnecessary and would only contribute to nonproductive time.
Introducing the Deadly Electoral Conflict Dataset (DECO)
Authors: Fjelde Hanne , Höglund Kristine
Published: June 2021

This article introduces the Deadly Electoral Conflict dataset (DECO): a global, georeferenced event dataset on electoral violence with lethal outcomes from 1989 to 2017. DECO allows for empirical evaluation of theories relating to the timing, location, and dynamics of deadly electoral violence. By clearly distinguishing electoral violence from related (and sometimes concurrent) instances of organized violence, DECO is particularly suitable for investigating how election-related violence is connected to other forms of violent political contention. In the article, we present the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of the data collection and discuss empirical patterns that emerge in DECO. We also demonstrate one potential use of DECO by examining the association between United Nations peacekeeping forces and the prevalence of deadly electoral violence in conflict-affected countries.
The Experiences of COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kürtüncü Meltem , Kurt Aylin , Arslan Nurten
Published: June 2021

This exploratory qualitative study explores the experiences of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units and after discharge. Semi- structured telephone interviews were conducted with 18 COVID-19 patients admitted to and discharged from intensive care units between March and September in 2020. The themes of this study were determined as “feelings about the illness and intensive care,” “psychological and physical damages,” “nurses’ efforts and the importance of care.”, and “protecting health and life”. COVID-19 patients in intensive care units may experience permanent physical and psychological damages. The findings suggest that the first step in carrying out interventions in the intensive care units is to ensure that continuous communication with patients is maintained so that their orientation to the new circumstances can be achieved. Nursing interventions to patients missing their families can have compensated for the loss of family support and care during their critical illness.
Affective Change With Variations in Zumba Fitness Intensity as Measured by a Smartwatch
Authors: Lee Junglyeon , Park Jinhan , Kim Yujin , Woo Minjung
Published: June 2021

In this study we investigated affective changes during Zumba fitness program exercise with varied intensity, as measured by a smartwatch. Sixteen college students (4 males and 12 females) participated in two single-session Zumba fitness programs at low and moderate intensities separated by a one-week interval. During exercise, participants’ heart rate (HR) and their responses to the Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) and the Feeling Scale (FS) were measured seven times (pre-exercise, warm-up, merengue, reggaeton, salsa, cumbia, and cool-down) using tailor-made applications on a smartwatch. Additionally, pre- and post-exercise affect was measured by the PANAS-X, which showed enhanced positive affect and reduced negative affect following exercise. Feelings and arousal during exercise were activated, irrespective of exercise intensity, but positive effects were more prominent at the higher (moderate) exercise intensity level. By adopting wearable technology, we were able to measure real-time affect changes during exercise, and we demonstrated the particular affective benefits of a moderate intensity Zumba Fitness program.
The Moderating Effect of Attentional Control on the Relationship Between COVID Stress and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Bardeen Joseph R. , Gorday Julia Y. , Clauss Kate
Published: June 2021

The recent global pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) has had a serious impact on psychological health, as the stress associated with the pandemic increases the likelihood of developing clinically significant anxiety. Evidence suggests that attentional control may protect those individuals with outcome-specific vulnerabilities from developing maladaptive psychological outcomes. In the present study, attentional control was examined as a moderator of the relation between COVID-19 stress and generalized anxiety symptoms in a community sample ( N = 359 adults). As predicted, the relationship between COVID-19 stress and anxiety was moderated by attentional control. Specifically, as attentional control decreased, the strength of the association between COVID-19 stress and anxiety increased. The results suggest that, among those with higher levels of COVID-19 stress, attentional control may act as a protective factor against developing anxiety. It may be beneficial as a matter of standard public health guidance to recommend that the general public engages in activities that are known to improve attentional control and alleviate emotional distress (e.g., mindfulness-based techniques) at the outset of a pandemic or other global catastrophe to reduce the likelihood that prolonged event-related stress will lead to impairing anxiety.
Sound absorption performance of flexible polyurethane/silicon dioxide perforated coating composites
Authors: Peng Min , Zhao Xiaoming , Li Weibin
Published: June 2021

Perforated materials in the traditional sense are rigid, usually dense, costly and inflexible. For this study, polyester/cotton blended woven fabric as the base fabric, nano-SiO2 (silicon dioxide) as the functional particles and PU (polyurethane) as the matrix were selected. Accordingly, flexible PU/SiO2 perforated coating composites with different process parameters were developed. The inﬂuence of the nano-SiO2 content, perforation diameter, perforation rate, number of fiber felt layers and cavity depth on the sound absorption coefficient were investigated. The resonant frequencies of materials with different cavity depths were evaluated by both theoretical calculation and experimental method. It was found that the flexible perforated composite has good sound absorption and mechanical properties, and has great potential for applications requiring soft and lightweight sound absorption materials.
Garment recommendation in an e-shopping environment by using a Markov Chain and Complex Network integrated method
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Zeng Xianyi , Dong Min , Hong Yan
Published: June 2021

In the e-commerce environment, website-based recommendation systems have been developed in order to help consumers without professional fashion-related knowledge to identify the most relevant garment products satisfying their specific personalized requirements in terms of fashion and functionalities. However, there are two main drawbacks in the existing recommendation systems: (1) the existing shopping data and/or human body data-based recommendations cannot effectively deal with fashion trends; (2) the shoppers’ experience and knowledge are rarely considered in these systems. To solve these two drawbacks, we propose in this paper a new garment recommendation mechanism using a Markov Chain and Complex Network integrated method. The Markov Chain method is employed as a suitable tool permitting one to extract fashion trends from a lower quantity of shopping data. The Complex Network method is used to formalize uncertain relations between human body shapes, garment fitting effects and garment features, provided by shopping experts. Compared with other existing recommendation methods, the proposed method is validated to be more robust and more interpretable owing to its capacity of handling body types and fashion trends.
A Sweet Voice: Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis of the Larynx
Authors: Walker Brian A. , Stull Lindsey B. , Hines J. Peyton
Published: June 2021

Significance Statement

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome) is a rare idiopathic condition characterized by fever and whole-body rash of tender erythematous plaques of unknown etiology. Otorhinolaryngologic manifestations of the disease can be severe, yet they are sparsely reported in the literature. We present the first documented case of laryngeal involvement of Sweet syndrome.
Attribute Amnesia in the Auditory Domain
Authors: Howe Piers Douglas Lionel , Lee Serene Bee Wen
Published: June 2021

Individuals are often unable to report an attribute of an object to which they recently attended, if they expected to report a different attribute, a phenomenon known as attribute amnesia (AA). To date, all AA studies have occurred in the visual domain. The purpose of this study was to explore the boundary conditions of AA by testing if AA also occurs in the auditory domain and, if so, for which attributes. It was found that AA was present when reporting the location ( p =  .003) and the number of tones ( p <  .001) of an auditory stimulus, but not when reporting its pitch ( p =  .383). These findings can be understood in terms of the organisation of the primary cortical areas and help explain the differences between visual working memory and auditory working memory.
Did Your Mom Help You Remember?: An Examination of Attorneys’ Subtle Questioning About Suggestive Influence to Children Testifying About Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: George Suzanne St. , Sullivan Colleen , Wylie Breanne E. , McWilliams Kelly , Evans Angela D. , Stolzenberg Stacia N.
Published: June 2021

Researchers studying children’s reports of sexual abuse have focused on how questioners overtly assess coaching and truthfulness (e.g., “Did someone tell you what to say?”). Yet attorneys, and defense attorneys, in particular, may be motivated to ask about suggestive influence and truthfulness in subtle ways, such as with implied meaning (e.g., “Did your mom help you remember?”). Such questions may be particularly challenging for children, who may interpret statements literally, misunderstanding the suggested meaning. The purpose of this study was to examine and categorize how attorneys’ ask about suggestive influence and truthfulness. We wanted to learn how attorneys subtly accuse suggestive influence, and how frequently this occurred. We hypothesized that questions indirectly accusing suggestive influence would be common, and that defense attorneys would ask more subtle questions, and fewer overt questions, than prosecutors. We examined 7,103 lines of questioning asked by prosecutors and defense attorneys to 64 children testifying about alleged child sexual abuse. We found that 9% of all attorneys’ lines of questioning asked about suggestive influence or truthfulness. The majority (66%) of these were indirect accusations. Indirect accusations of suggestive influence spanned a range of subtleties and topics, including addressing conversational influences (e.g., coaching), incidental influences (e.g., witnessing abuse), and others. We also found defense attorneys were less likely than prosecutors to ask about suggestive influence and truthfulness overtly. We conclude that attorneys commonly ask about suggestive influence and truthfulness in subtle ways that developing children may struggle to understand, and which may result in affirmations of influence, even when allegations are true.
Disparities by Gender and Race/Ethnicity in Child Maltreatment and Memory Performance
Authors: Brown Monique J. , Jiang Yanping , Hung Peiyin , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Crouch Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

Adverse childhood experiences, which include child maltreatment, are a major public health issue nationally. Child maltreatment has been linked to poorer cognitive functioning, which can start in childhood and persist into adulthood. However, studies examining the potential disparities by gender and race/ethnicity are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the association between child maltreatment and memory performance. Data were obtained from Waves III and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( N = 11,624). Weighted multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and child maltreatment score and memory. Models were stratified by gender, race, and ethnicity. Men who were exposed to sexual abuse, neglect and two or three child maltreatment types scored one to three points lower (β = –1.44; 95% CI: –2.83, –0.06; β = –2.41; 95% CI: –3.75, –1.08; β = –3.35; 95% CI: –5.33, –1.37; β = –2.31; 95% CI: –3.75, –0.86) in memory performance compared to men who did not report sexual abuse, neglect, or child maltreatment, respectively. Black respondents who were exposed to sexual abuse scored two points lower (β = –1.62; 95% CI: –2.80, –0.44) in memory performance compared to Black respondents who did not report sexual abuse. Among Other race and Hispanic respondents, those who reported neglect scored four points lower (β = –4.06; 95% CI: –6.47, –1.66; β = –4.15; 95% CI: –5.99, –2.30) in memory performance, respectively, compared to their counterparts who did not report neglect. Gender- and racial/ethnic-responsive memory performance interventions addressing child maltreatment may be beneficial for affected populations.
An innovative heat source model for calculating wheel/rail contact temperature
Authors: Yuan Zewang , Tian Chun , Wu Mengling , Zhou Jiajun , Chen Chao
Published: June 2021

Modeling an accurate and effective heat source is a challenge when describing the thermal behavior of wheel/rail contact, conventionally modeled using Goldak’s heat source. This Gaussian distributed model transplanted directly from the welding field is quite different from the ellipsoidal heat source on the contact patch. An innovative heat source model which reflects the shape and size of contact patch was created based on the energy equivalence in this study. The thermal behavior of the wheel/rail contact was described by using this heat source moving along the rail. Numerical simulations based on a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) model validate that the proposed heat source model is valid as the relative errors of the peak temperature between the proposed and previously published heat source model are less than 4.45%. The distribution of the contact temperature on the rail surface reflects the shape and size of the contact patch. The semi-ellipsoidal distributed temperature obtained by the proposed elliptic cylinder model is more precise than the Gaussian distributed temperature obtained by the conventionally used Goldak’s model. The proposed elliptic cylinder model has the advantages of simple structure and flexible model variables than the ready-made Goldak’s model in commercial software.
Design and development of a durable series elastic actuator with an optimized spring topology
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet C , Sendur Polat , Kansizoglu Ahmet Talha , Uras Umut , Bilgin Onur , Emre Sinan , Yapici Guney Guven , Arik Mehmet , Ugurlu Barkan
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to present the integrated design, development, and testing procedures for a state-of-the-art torsion-based series elastic actuator that could be reliably employed for long-term use in force-controlled robot applications. The main objective in designing the actuator was to meet weight and dimensional requirements whilst improving the long-term durability, ensuring high torque output, and containing its total weight. A four-fold design approach was implemented: (i) following recursive design-and-test procedures, an optimal torsional spring topology was unveiled with the help of SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) topology optimization method, (ii) the proposed spring was manufactured and multiple specimens were experimentally tested via a torsional test machine to validate linearity, loading rate response, and mechanical limits, (iii) the actuator’s thermal response was experimentally scrutinized to ensure that the generated heat was dissipated for long-term use, and (iv) the fatigue life of the spring was computed with the help of real-life experiment data. Having concluded the development and verification procedures, two different versions of the actuator were built, and preliminary torque control experiments were conducted. In conclusion, favorable torque tracking with a bandwidth of 19 Hz was achieved while peak-to-peak torque input was 20 Nm.
Finite element parametric study of the split sleeve cold expansion on residual stresses and pulling force
Authors: Dey Mithun K , Kim Dave , Tan Hua
Published: June 2021

Split sleeve cold expansion (SSCE) is a crucial cost-effective process to improve the fatigue life of metallic structures with holes in the aerospace industry. In this study, the effects of the workpiece material’s yield strength (290.9 MPa to 377.8 MPa) and the applied SSCE expansion percentage (3.330% to 4.377%) on mandrel pulling force and residual stresses were investigated numerically for aluminum 2024-T351. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the SSCE process using a commercial FE software, ABAQUS. The model geometries, material non-linearities, and contact conditions were adopted according to aerospace industrial applications’ standards. After the numerical model was validated with the published data, a parametric study with variable material properties and expansion percentage was conducted using the FE model. Our parametric study shows that an increase in both the Al workpiece’s yield strength and SSCE expansion percentage can improve the induced residual stresses in the hoop direction around the cold expanded hole; however, the workpiece’s yield strength has a higher impact on the residual stress field. The in-process pulling force during the SSCE process increases with increasing workpiece yield strength and expansion percentage.
An analytical thermal model of a railway vehicle brake shoe
Authors: Ghafelehbashi SME , Talaee MR
Published: June 2021

Estimation of temperature distribution in brake shoes is very important in order to prevent thermal damages such as cracks, fading etc. In this research, the thermal model of brake shoe in a train is introduced considering time-dependent frictional heat load in two modes of emergency and continuous braking. The governing heat conduction equation is solved in polar coordinate by using the method of separation of variables combined with Duhamel integral and a closed-form solution is introduced. Results show the good ability of analytical solution to estimate exact temperature profile in composite and cast iron brake shoes. The ability of the solution for estimation of braking situation to prevent from melting criteria is demonstrated. The composite brake shoe will reach to the melting point of 590 °C in continuous braking at the speed of about 120 km/h and the fading limit in cast iron shoe is occurred after 8 sec in emergency braking mode. The introduced thermal model can be applied as a verification branch of other works and can reduced the huge costs of experimental tests of brake shoes.
An examination of alternative schemes for active and semi-active control of vertical car-body vibration to improve ride comfort
Authors: Fu Bin , Bruni Stefano
Published: June 2021

The recent tendency to reduce the weight of car bodies is posing a new challenge to vertical ride quality, since the vibrations related to car-body vertical bending modes affect heavily passengers’ comfort and cannot be fully mitigated by conventional vehicle suspensions. In this work, four mechatronic suspensions, considering active and semi-active technologies in secondary and primary suspensions, are compared to show their relative merits. LQG and H∞ model-based control strategies are established in a consistent way for each suspension scheme to perform a comparative assessment of the four concepts on objective grounds. A two-dimensional 9-DOF vehicle model is firstly built, using a simplified representation of car-body bending modes; this model is also used to design the model-based controllers. The comparison of the four mechatronic suspension schemes based on the 9-DOF model shows that full-active secondary suspension is the most effective solution whilst semi-active primary suspension is also effective in terms of mitigating car-body bending vibration. Then, a three-dimensional flexible multibody system (FMBS) vehicle model integrated with a finite-element car-body is considered to allow a more detailed consideration of the vehicle’s vibrating behaviour. The results of the FMBS model show a good agreement to the results of the 9-DOF model and the relative merits of the four mechatronic suspension schemes as found from the previous analysis are basically confirmed, although the FMBS model is more suited for a quantitative assessment of ride quality.
Experimental and numerical investigations on longitudinal vibration of suspended monorail trains induced by bogie pitching motion
Authors: Wei Lai , Zeng Jing , Huang Caihong , Wang Qunsheng , Shen Wenlin
Published: June 2021

The longitudinal harmonic vibrations found in the suspended monorail train (SMT) seriously affected the ride quality and dynamic behaviour. In this work, the experimental and simulated analyses are carried out to reveal the essential phenomenon, occurring mechanism and possible solutions to this issue. Firstly, the ride quality and vibration transmission of the tested SMT system are investigated. It is found that the longitudinal vibrations with the frequency of 2.7Hz occur to the carbody, bogie frame and suspension of the train system. Due to the secondary suspension is lower than the gravity center of the bogie frame, the bogie pitch motion with low damping ratio can be easily excited. The longitudinal components of the bogie pitch motion will transfer to the carbody and wheelset through traction rod and primary suspension, respectively. After that, the multibody dynamic model of a suspended monorail train is developed. Based on the numerical model, some parametric simulations, e.g. rubber stiffness, traction rod height and secondary damping, etc., are carried out to propose solutions to relieve the longitudinal vibrations. Finally, the field tests for the SMT arranging the longitudinal dampers are conducted to verify its improvement to longitudinal vibrations.