bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of Regional Seismic Discontinuities in the Earth’s Upper Mantle from SS- and PP- precursors
Authors: Waszek Lauren , Costa de Lima Thuany , Tauzin Benoit , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Ballmer Maxim
Published: February 2023

The physical properties of regional seismic discontinuities in the upper mantle yield insights into lateral and radial thermochemical variations, with implications for our understanding of magmatism and convection in the mantle.The global distribution of the 300-km discontinuity (termed the “X” discontinuity) is relatively poorly resolved, as it is detected infrequently, likely due to its small impedance contrast. Reflectors observed near this depth are usually local and primarily detected beneath continent and subduction zones. Several mechanisms suggest that the X is associated with mineral transformations that occur in basalt-enriched material. Thus, imaging the X-discontinuity holds the key to mapping subducted oceanic crust remnants.Another discontinuity, at around 520 km depth, is detected more frequently and sometimes observed to be split into two signals. Its existence is predicted by the wadsleyite to ringwoodite mineral phase transition. However, the variations in ambient thermochemistry, which influence its visibility, depth variation, reflectivity, and/or splitting, are not fully understood, necessitating further investigations. Improved constraints on the nature of the 520 will inform regarding thermal and compositional gradients within the mantle transition zone.In this study, we use large global datasets of SS and PP precursors to obtain new maps of these discontinuities. Our observations indicate regionally weak yet clear signals at both depths, linked to variations in basalt fraction and potential temperature. We perform mineral physics modeling and investigate the characteristic temperature and composition associated with the signatures of these signals. These results provide insight into our understanding of the chemical segregation and plume stagnation in the upper mantle.
Surface Induced Anomalous Transport of Nanoparticle in 3D Printed Structurally Heterogeneous Soils: coupling experiments and stochastic models
Authors: Miele Filippo , Patino Janis , Morales Veronica
Published: February 2023

Fate and transport of colloids and bio colloids in structurally heterogeneous porous media are known to exhibit anomalous behaviours such as non-Gaussian breakthrough curves. Classical approaches, like Colloid Filtration Theory, relies on spatial averaged quantities, neglecting flow topology heterogeneity brought about by both local pore scale surface irregularities and broad pores size distribution: two potential triggers for super diffusive effects and broad trapping time distributions. Recent theoretical work has tried to address these deficiencies by modeling deposition and flow variations as stochastic processes (Miele et al., Phys. Rev. Fluids 2019; Bordoloi et al., Nat. Commun. 2022). However, experimental evidence to demonstrate its validity for 3D geologic structures is still lacking. We thus design a novel experimental set-up to assess colloid fate transport under realistic structural heterogeneity with controlled laboratory conditions. Heterogeneous pore structures are first obtained from X-ray tomography of field samples and are subsequently 3D-printed at high resolution. Column transport experiments with gold (Au) nanoparticles are then conducted at different flow regimes, from which effluent concentration (at the macro scale) and colloid deposition (at the pore scale) are collected. These empirical data are complemented with pore network analysis that parametrizes the co-presence of preferential channels and stagnant cavities and, further, validates the stochastic model of interest. The findings shed light on the main drivers and structural hotspot for colloid filtration in realistic porous media.
Storm- and eddy-resolving simulations with IFS-FESOM/NEMO at the kilometre scale
Authors: Rackow Thomas , Pedruzo Bagazgoitia Xabier , Becker Tobias , Milinski Sebastian , Sandu Irina , Diamantakis Michail , Goessling Helge F. , Hadade Ioan , Hegewald Jan , Koldunov Nikolay , Koldunov Alexei , Kölling Tobias , Mogensen Kristian , Sidorenko Dmitry , Streffing Jan , Wedi Nils , Zampieri Lorenzo , Ziemen Florian
Published: February 2023

Global coupled simulations that can resolve atmospheric storms and mesoscale oceanic features at the kilometre-scale have recently become possible to run over short time slices, for example on a seasonal timescale. Here we give an overview of the first multi-year simulations performed with ECMWF’s Integrated Forecasting System (IFS), coupled to both the NEMO and FESOM2 ocean-sea ice models, for the H2020 Next Generation Earth Modelling Systems (nextGEMS) project. The project aims to build a new generation of eddy- and storm-resolving global coupled Earth System Models. Along with ICON, the other model participating in nextGEMS, the IFS-based models form the basis also for Digital Climate Twins of Earth as envisioned in the European Union’s ambitious Destination Earth project. nextGEMS relies on several model development cycles, in which the models are run and improved based on community feedback. In an initial set of storm-resolving coupled simulations (Cycle 1), the IFS was integrated for 75 days. For Cycle 2, IFS has been run at the operational 9 km resolution as a baseline, and at 4.4 km and 2.8 km global spatial resolution for up to 1 year of simulation (4.4 km). To our knowledge, the 8-months long 2.8 km simulation in Cycle 2 represents the first fully coupled simulation ever of this duration at this high level of spatial detail and is made available to the public. The runs at 9 km were performed with the parameterization for deep convection active as in the operational system, while at 4.4 km and 2.8 km, separate experiments with IFS were run both with and without the deep convection parameterization.We document the model improvements made to IFS-FESOM/NEMO based on the lessons learned from the first Cycle 1 runs, which were included for the second round of Cycle 2 simulations; these mainly consist in vastly improved conservation properties of the coupled model systems in terms of water and energy balance, which are crucial for longer climate integrations, and in a more realistic representation of the snow and surface drag. Cycle 2 also targeted eddy-resolving resolution in large parts of the mid- and high-latitude ocean (better than 5km) to resolve mesoscale eddies and linear kinematic features (i.e. leads or cracks) in sea ice. For IFS-FESOM, this is made possible thanks to a recently refactored ocean model code that can be linked as an external library and that allows for efficient coupled simulations in the single-executable context with IFS, via hybrid parallelization with MPI and OpenMP.
Magnetospheric Response to a Pressure Pulse in a Three-dimensional Hybrid-Vlasov Simulation
Authors: Horaites Konstantinos ,   Vlasiator Team
Published: February 2023

Vlasiator is a high-performance ion-kinetic code that is now conducting global 3D hybrid-Vlasov simulations of the outer magnetosphere.  We use Vlasiator to investigate the impact of a pressure pulse with southward-oriented magnetic field on the Earth's magnetosphere. The simulation driving parameters are comparable to conditions that have led to real geomagnetic storms. Our pressure pulse simulations reproduce many physical effects, namely the expansion of the auroral oval, the development of field-aligned currents, enhanced particle precipitation near the open/closed field line boundary, and compression of Earth's magnetopause. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the hybrid-Vlasov approach for moderate driving conditions. Our investigation of the time-dependent magnetopause compression motivates a generalization of the existing theory. Specifically, we find that accounting for the finite ramp time of the solar wind dynamic pressure improves the model's description of the magnetopause oscillations.
Emulator-enhanced extreme event attribution for data scarce developing countries
Authors: Saeed Fahad , Nath Shruti , Candela Pierre , Lejeune Quentin , Gudmundsson Lukas , Hauser Mathias , Schumacher Dominik , Seneviratne Sonia , Schleussner Carl
Published: February 2023

Attribution of extreme events in developing countries poses a significant challenge. A primary hindrance is the lack of historical observations, which not only limits the appraisal of the extent of an extreme event, but also restricts benchmarking of climate models for the region. A secondary hindrance is that tropical climates, characteristic of developing countries, contain large uncertainties due to natural climate variability, which many climate models struggle to represent. As it is those countries and world regions where some of the most severe consequences of climate impacts emerge, addressing these challenges to robust climate attribution is critical to improve prospects of climate litigation in developing countries. In this study, we present a novel method for attribution using the Earth System Model (ESM) emulator for spatially resolved monthly temperatures, MESMER-M (Nath et al. 2022). We use a bootstrap method in calibrating MESMER-M, so as to also characterize its intrinsic parametric uncertainty. Attribution using MESMER-M is then demonstrated on the prolonged heat conditions of March/April 2022 over the Indo-Pakistani region. The outcomes of this study are twofold. Firstly, by calibrating MESMER-M on the BEST observational dataset, we are able to inflate observational records with observationally consistent natural climate variability estimates, enabling exploration of “possible pasts” and insofar characterization of the event and its likelihood under rising Global Mean Temperatures (GMTs). Secondly, by exploring the parametric uncertainty space of MESMER-M calibrated on both BEST and ESM data, we systematically disentangle the uncertainty surrounding the mean response of monthly temperatures to GMT from that surrounding the natural climate variability. Such allows robust appraisal of the uncertainty surrounding natural climate variability as present within ESMs/Observations for the region, so as to not over/understate the event’s likelihood under rising GMTs. Nath, S., Lejeune, Q., Beusch, L., Seneviratne, S. I., & Schleussner, C. F. (2022) MESMER-M: an Earth system model emulator for spatially resolved monthly temperature. Earth System Dynamics, 13 (2), 851–877. doi: 10.5194/esd-13-851-2022
Deep learning approach for detecting low frequency events on DAS data at Vulcano Island, Italy
Authors: Allegra Martina , Currenti Gilda , Cannavò Flavio , Jousset Philippe , Prestifilippo Michele , Napoli Rosalba , Sciotto Mariangela , Di Grazia Giuseppe , Privitera Eugenio , Palazzo Simone , Krawczyk3 Charlotte
Published: February 2023

Since September 2021, signs of unrest at Vulcano Island have been noticed after four years of quiescence, along with CO2 degassing and the occurrence of long-period and very long-period events. With the intention of improving the monitoring activities, a submarine fiber optic telecommunications cable linking Vulcano Island to Sicily was interrogated from 15 January to 14 February 2022. Of particular interest has been the recording of 1488 events with wide range of waveforms made up of two main frequency bands (from 3 to 5 Hz and from 0.1 to 0.2 Hz).With the aim of the automatic detection of seismic-volcanic events, different approaches were explored, particularly investigating whether the application of machine learning could provide the same performance as conventional techniques. Unlike many traditional algorithms, deep learning manages to guarantee a generalized approach by automatically and hierarchically extracting the relevant features from the raw data. Due to their spatio-temporal density, the data acquired by the DAS can be assimilated to a sequence of images; this property has been exploited by re-designing deep learning techniques for image processing, specifically employing Convolutional Neural Networks.The results demonstrate that deep learning not only achives good performance but that it even outperforms classical algorithms. Despite providing a generalized approach, Convolutional Neural Networks have been shown to be more effective than traditional tecniques in expoiting the high spatial and temporal sampling of the acquired data. 
Using hard and soft data from direct and indirect methods to develop a model for the investigation of a metamorphic aquifer
Authors: Straface Salvatore , Chidichimo Francesco , De Biase Michele , Muto Francesco
Published: February 2023

In Italy, despite large areas of the country being covered by metamorphic rocks, the hydrogeological properties of these formations are not yet well known. The productivity of metamorphic aquifers is generally lower than the more common ones such as alluvial or carbonates. However, in some Mediterranean areas such as in Calabria region the scarcity of water resources and their considerable extension (metamorphic aquifers make up 39% of the total) determines a request for further studies either on their hydrodynamic properties and their hydraulic behaviour in order to achieve their sustainable exploitation. Interest in these metamorphic aquifers becomes ever greater if climate changes are considered. The purpose of this study is to provide the geological-structural and hydrogeological modeling of a metamorphic aquifer, through the measurement of direct and indirect data and the application of a numerical model, in a large area of the Sila Piccola, in Calabria. To recognize and characterize the geometries of the aquifer in metamorphic rocks in a complex geological setting, data on springs, wells and piezometers installed in boreholes and located at various depths were collected. These surveys were implemented by geoelectric tomography profiles and by geognostic investigations. The recognition of the geometries and above all the stratigraphic relationships between the various outcropping rocks and lithological units have been accompanied by macrostructural and meso-structural analysis to better evaluate the state of fracturing of the rock mass. The characterization of hydrodynamic properties in crystalline-metamorphic aquifers, that is constituted by granite and metamorphic rocks, is extremely complex given the lateral-vertical anisotropies. Among the main fractures there is a network of secondary connections of different order and degree which determines a continuous variation of these properties at different scales and defines the modality and direction of the groundwater flow. The MODFLOW-2005 groundwater model was used to simulate the flow phenomena in the aquifer, obtaining hydraulic conductivity values of 2.7 × 10-6 m / s, corresponding to two orders of magnitude higher than that calculated with the slug-tests inside the slope. In summary, the mathematical model was able to estimate the equivalent permeability of the aquifer and the presence of a lateral recharge from a neighboring deep aquifer that materializes a significant water supply.
Assessment of the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 product based on recurrent airborne campaigns
Authors: Tack Frederik , Merlaud Alexis , Ruhtz Thomas , Iancu Sebastain , Schuettemeyer Dirk , Van Roozendael Michel
Published: February 2023

Sentinel-5 precursor (S-5p), launched on 13 October 2017, is the first mission of the Copernicus Programme dedicated to the monitoring of air quality, climate, ozone and UV radiation. The S-5p characteristics, such as the fine spatial resolution, introduce many new opportunities and challenges, requiring to carefully assess the quality and validity of the generated data products by comparison with independent measurements and analyses.

While routine validation is performed within the ESA Mission Performance Center (MPC) based on a limited number of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM), additional validation activities including airborne and ground-based campaigns are conducted in research mode as part of the S-5p Validation Team (S5PVT). A series of decentralized campaign activities take place since 2021, which have been identified to address key priorities for S5-p validation as well as key S5-p products (see s5pcampaigns.aeronomie.be for an overview of all campaigns performed in the context of the ESA QA4EO and SVANTE projects).

Here, we will focus on recurrent observations with the airborne hyperspectral imager SWING, developed by BIRA-IASB. A SWING instrument is regularly installed in the Cessna T207A from FUB, while a second SWING instrument is permanently installed in a BN-2 from INCAS, alongside other instruments such as in-situ samplers.  Recurrent validation activities are performed over the cities of Berlin, Germany and Bucharest, Romania to map the horizontal distribution of tropospheric NO2 and its urban/industrial sources, in close coincidence with the overpass of the TROPOMI sensor. During each flight, approximately 5 to 15 TROPOMI pixels can be fully covered by airborne measurements. The recurrent nature of this type of campaigns, meaning that a flight can take place whenever weather conditions allow, results in a large statistical set of reference data covering various meteorological and geo-physical conditions (including autumn and winter conditions), as well as different satellite overpass configurations.

In this context, a general airborne data format, following the Climate and Forecast (CF) conventions, has been developed at BIRA, as well as harmonized tools for the airborne L2 data processing and the TROPOMI validation in order to obtain consistent results over the different reference data sets. The developed validation strategies and developed tools are suitable for other airborne imagers than SWING and will be suitable as well for validation of future atmospheric missions such as Sentinel-5 and Sentinel-4. First results of the assessment of the TROPOMI tropospheric NO2 L2 product based on observations from recurrent airborne SWING campaigns will be discussed.
Water quality and carbonate chemistry dynamics in an estuarine system impacted by mariculture
Authors: Ferrera Charissa , Isah Raffi , Co Jherome , Tavita Rica Allana , Perez Jose Nickolo
Published: February 2023

Cultural eutrophication due to the increasing demand of an expanding population has posed negative impacts on estuarine systems worldwide. In tropical regions, the variability in the inputs of nutrients and organic matter from rivers to coasts is further influenced by the changing monsoon seasons. This study examined the water quality and carbonate chemistry in a semi-enclosed estuary in the northwest Philippines that is used for farming milkfish and other aquaculture species. Data suggests that the mariculture area is a heterotrophic system enriched in dissolved inorganic carbon and pCO2 but depleted of nitrate due to the decomposition of unconsumed and undigested fish feeds from mariculture activities. The different river systems surrounding the estuary act as nitrate sources that could relieve nitrogen limitation during the wet season. Results also show hypoxic conditions not only in mariculture waters but in river systems as well. Accounts of the overflow of hypoxic river waters to the mariculture area could potentially provide a different mechanism of fish kill occurrence and requires further scientific observations. pH data confirm fast rates of coastal acidification in mariculture waters due to organic matter decomposition to levels that are expected to be experienced by the end of this century in open ocean conditions considering the air-sea equilibrium of increasing atmospheric CO2. These results highlight the need for more advanced biogeochemical and transdisciplinary investigations of these transition zones and their implications on climate, biodiversity, and sustainability.  
Understanding behavioral and socio-economic determinants of farmer adoption of efficient irrigation technologies
Authors: Adla Soham , Šaponjić Anja , Tyagi Ashray , Rajankar Prashant , Alam Mohammad Faiz , Daniel Dani , Pastore Prashant , Nagi Anukool , Alberto Ponce Pacheco Mario , Pande Saket
Published: February 2023

Smallholder farmers are critical to global food production and natural resource management. Due to increased competition for water resources and/or variability in rainfall due to climate change, chronic irrigation water scarcity is rising particularly in drought prone regions like Vidarbha, Maharashtra (India). Improving irrigation water efficiency is key to sustainable agricultural intensification. Research has recognized that the motivations of farmers to adopt such strategies can go beyond the standard assumptions of utility maximization towards social and cognitive parameters. Understanding such determinants in the local context can provide insight for the design of local advisory services to steer farmer behavior towards water efficient practices. This study analyzes these factors in the Vidarbha through a behavioral lens using econometric methods and a social survey conducted with 419 farmers. The results from the survey contribute to the understanding the factors behind adoption of efficient technologies and their underlying dynamics, which can drive the development of agricultural extension and policy for sustainable agricultural intensification.
Hydrogen isotope fractionation between leaf wax compounds and source water in tropical angiosperms
Authors: Saishree Amrita , Managave Shreyas , Sarangi Vijayananda
Published: February 2023

The hydrogen isotope fractionation between leaf wax compounds and source water, the apparent fractionation (εapp), necessary for the reconstruction of hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of precipitation, is mainly assessed through field and transect studies. The current εapp dataset, however, exhibit a bias toward mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Here we report the results of an outdoor experiment wherein four evergreen and three deciduous species were grown with water of known δD value (-1.8‰) in a tropical semi-arid monsoon region. This allowed us to estimate εapp more accurately and also quantify εapp variability within a species and among different species. Among-species εapp values varied by -119 ± 23‰ (for n-alkane of chain length n-C31) and -126 ± 27‰   (for n-alkanoic acid of chain length n-C30). The similarity of the among-species variability in εapp reported here and that observed in field and transect studies suggested the species-effect, rather than uncertainty in δD of source water, control the uncertainty in community-averaged εapp. The fractionation of  δD between n-C29 alkane and n-C30 alkanoic acid (ε29/30) and between n-C31 alkane and n-C32 alkanoic acid (ε31/32) were 7 ± 25‰ and 6 ± 15‰, respectively, suggesting minimal fractionation of hydrogen isotopes during decarboxylation. Further, as we did not observe a systematic difference between the εapp of deciduous and evergreen species; changes in the relative proportion of this vegetation in a community might not affect its εapp value.
Slope-units-based landslide susceptibility mapping based on graph convolutional network: A case study in Lueyang region
Authors: Xia Ding , Tang Huiming , Glade Thomas , Tang Chunyan , Wang Qianyun
Published: February 2023

Landslides are the most frequent and numerous geological hazards that pose a serious threat to human safety and property. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) has been focused on over the years as an essential step of landslide risk assessment. Numerous statistical or machine learning models have been proposed for LSM, but few consider mapping units' spatial correlation. This study proposed a deep learning model based on graph convolutional network (GCN) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), named KNN-GCN, for slope-units-based LSM and experimentally applied to the Lueyang region. It’s constructed and validated with the following steps: First, 15 landslide causal factors and landslide inventory were collected, and a slope units map (SUM) was obtained based on slope unit division. Then, the training and test sets were divided with the ratio 7:3 after the multicollinearity analysis for landslide causal factors. Next, a four-layer GCN model was constructed based on the slope units graph (SUG), in which the SUG was generated from the SUM by the KNN algorithm. After that, the proposed KNN-GCN model was trained and validated on training and test sets separately, then applied for LSM. Finally, the performance of the KNN-GCN model was compared with the three other models, including KNN, Support Vector Machine (SVC), and AutoML. The results show that the proposed model achieved the best performance (AUC=0.8473) than other models, and a more readable susceptibility map was generated with it, which has clear boundaries between different susceptibility levels. Notably, although the proposed KNN-GCN model shows excellent performance for slope-units-based LSM, it requires high computer hardware and is not recommended for small datasets.
Monitoring the flow of the Greenland Ice Sheet: The PROMICE ice velocity product and recent updates
Authors: Solgaard Anne , Kusk Anders , Hillerup Larsen Signe , Mankoff Kenneth , Fausto Robert
Published: February 2023

We present the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) ice velocity product, which is a time series of ice velocity mosaics derived using offset tracking on Sentinel-1 SAR data.  The time series starting in January 2016 is continuously updated with a new mosaic every 12 days and is posted at 500 m grid resolution. Within PROMICE, the ice velocity product is used directly as input to estimate the solid ice discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet as well as to study ice dynamic processes on seasonal and multi-annual time scales. Recently, we have made changes to the processing chain due to spurious cases of slow down detected in a few glaciers in Southeast Greenland. In this contribution, we discuss how this was resolved as well as other recent improvements to the product.
Development of Geoethics and Sustainable approaches based on Pedological Education
Authors: Reis Silva Hermom , Aparecida Liguori Imbernon Rosely , Vasconcelos Clara
Published: February 2023

The rational use of soil has taught in Basic Education in Brazil, in accordance with the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), from the 2nd year of elementary school. However, for the development of specific skills that involve the interaction between reflective teaching, sustainability, problem solving, among other themes, there are few school projects that promote interdisciplinary strategies for such purposes. In carrying out this pedagogical action, it was necessary to develop methodologies that would integrate the student into the knowledge construction process, from the perspective of environmental education and geoethics.The project involves directly basic education students, 1st and 5th years of Elementary School level I, and 6th and 9th years of Elementary School level II, and indirectly with participation of high school students, as monitors, in activities in the garden and vegetable garden of School Prof. Francisco de Paula Conceição Junior, a state public school of São Paulo, Brazil.Based on the Sustainable Development Objective - SDG 15, of the 2030 Agenda, the project developed behavioral changes in students, based on the rational use of land, while developing a teaching methodology in which the student was the protagonist in the learning process. The construction of learning spaces, such as the school's vegetable garden and garden, and the soil laboratory, were strategies in the Interventions adopted in the form of practical, theoretical, and concluding classes.Built by the students and the teacher in charge, the garden and garden spaces corroborated the development of practical learning within the scope of sustainable development, such as recycling (maintenance of the compost bin for the production of fertilizers from waste produced at school); inclusion of the community in the project (use of sawdust and wood ash donated by traders around the school to correct the soil together with fertilizer); maintenance and planting of garden and garden spaces; implantation/use of the soil laboratory for the application of geoscientific knowledge; holding events at school about soil/planting; conducting thematic theoretical classes, conversation circles for decision-making, among others. In addition to the soil theme, the inclusion of other themes such as water resources, air quality/pollution, types and production of energy were approached, so that the student could discuss geoethics, in the use of resources of the Earth system, and man as a geological agent.The development of activities allowed the transversality with other curricular components, the inclusion of local environmental problems, since the proposal is based on the construction of knowledge committed to the conservation, preservation, and rational use of resources, regarding geoethics.The spaces built during the project have become pedagogical instruments for the promotion of environmental, social, cultural, scientific, and intellectual knowledge.
Proposal of Forest Restoration Plan for Forest Fire Damage for Preservation of Permafrost in Alpine Region of Mongolia
Authors: Bayarmagnai Enerel , Jeon Seong Woo
Published: February 2023

Mongolia has a continental climate with a topography that decreases in altitude from north to south and west to east, forming a forest area - grassland area - desert area from north to south. Due to Mongolia's unique climatic and topographical characteristics, Mongolia's ecosystem has spatial features in which water necessary for living things supplies from northwest to southeast. The alpine forests in northern Mongolia, which occupy less than 10% of the total land area, serve as an essential water source for the southern grasslands and deserts. In particular, permafrost, sporadically distributed in alpine forests, exists mainly in forested areas and is an important water source in the southern deserts. However, as the intensity and frequency of fires increase due to the decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature due to climate change, forest damage is increasing, and the consequent loss of permafrost is accelerating drought and desertification in the southern region. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this study is to preserve the permafrost layer by restoring areas damaged by forest fires in Mongolia. The study period includes the entire territory of Mongolia spatially and temporally from 2014 to 2021. We qualitatively studied the effects of fire-induced damage in forests on permafrost loss and drought. Through qualitative research, we performed a theoretical logic analysis of each phenomenon's interrelationship. Based on this logic, we derived forest areas damaged by fire using satellite image-based spatial data and analyzed it in Google Earth Engine. Hansen Global Forest Change v1.9 dataset, MCD64A1.061 MODIS Burned Area Monthly Global 500m dataset, WWF HydroATLAS Basins Level 12 dataset, and Sentinel-2 image collection dataset were used as spatial data used in the study. In addition, we used forest field survey data conducted during the period from May to September 2014. All the derived damaged areas were forest areas with permafrost, and we classified damaged areas into three types according to restoration priority. In the last step, we proposed a restoration plan for each kind of damage caused by fire through a literature review.  Acknowledgement :This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry &Technology Institute (KEITI) through "Climate Change R&D Project for New Climate Regime.", funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (2022003570003)
Automatized large-scale 3D THM simulations capturing glacial cycle effects on German nuclear waste repositories in salt rock
Authors: Zill Florian , Silbermann Christian , Meisel Tobias , Tiedtke Friederike , Kern Dominik , Carl Anton , Jockel Andreas , Nagel Thomas , Kolditz Olaf , Konietzky Heinz , Kahnt René
Published: February 2023

To properly assess the present and future conditions of potential nuclear waste repository sites, understanding their evolution in the past is mandatory. Here, glaciation cycles strongly affect the long-term thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) evolution of the geosystem.The AREHS project studies the effects of time-dependent boundary conditions on the evolution of large-scale hydrogeological systems. The focus is on numerical long-term modeling taking into account thermal-hydraulic-mechanical couplings. On the basis of generic geological models for different host rock formations, complex 3D-THM-simulations are performed. The long-term evolution during glacial cycles is simulated using the open-source multi-field finite element code OpenGeoSys, as well as multiple pre-and postprocessing tools integrated into an automatized workflow. This workflow facilitates testing/benchmarking and improves reproducibility as well as overall software quality in a sense of modularization. The impact of the glacial THM loading and atmospheric temperature evolution is taken into account using appropriate time-dependent THM boundary conditions. The simulation results are analyzed with respect to potential safety-critical parameters, such as maximum temperature, hydraulic pressure, subsidence, equivalent effective stress and strain. Some general conclusions will be drawn for the host rock salt in Germany.
Participatory groundwater modelling to build resilience to hydrological extremes in the Limpopo River Basin: Potential and challenges
Authors: Mustafa Syed M. T. , Franchi Fulvio , Matano Alessia , Loon Anne Van , Tirivarombo Sithabile , Olabode Oluwaseun Franklin , Comte Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2023

The Limpopo River Basin (LRB) is highly vulnerable to floods and droughts, and these recurrent extreme events seriously threaten the basin's water and food security. Implementing sustainable water management practices is essential to improving resilience to future flood and drought hazards. Identification of such sustainable practices can be done through evaluating alternative management scenarios. It is increasingly recognized that scenario analysis and management strategy identification requires collaboration between scientists and a broad range of stakeholders from local to (trans-) national scales. In this study, we demonstrate and evaluate a real-world application of a basin-scale hydrological model as a decision-support tool based on a multi-sector collaborative modelling approach to co-create management strategies and identify appropriate, inclusive water governance strategies to improve resilience to hydrological extremes in the LRB. To achieve the objectives, an integrated hydro(geo)logical model (WetSpass-MODFLOW) was set up using existing (i) hydro(geo)logical and climatic information and (ii) expert and local community knowledge collected through stakeholders' workshops. After successfully evaluating the model simulation capacity using the groundwater observation datasets, the model was used for evaluating the following management scenarios identified during the stakeholders workshops with inputs from local, national and transboundary governance actors: (1) increase groundwater abstraction; (2) deforestation; (3) afforestation; and (4) managed aquifer recharge (MAR), using (4a) injection well, (4b) rainwater harvesting (local ponds), and (4c) small water reservoirs (e.g. local ponds and sand dams). Though evaluating different identified management scenarios and stakeholder feedback, our results suggest that the most effective strategy is local rainwater harvesting and storage through small-scale (household to village) water reservoirs/ponds or well recharge. It reduces the risk and impact of floods as it can capture and store the excess water during flood into the groundwater aquifer and if upscaled over the entire LRB, can significantly increase the groundwater level across the basin. Additionally, this excess water can be an essential source of water during a drought. The results also show that the multi-sector collaborative modelling approach is effective to co-create management strategies and identify the appropriate and inclusive strategy to improve resilience to hydrological extremes even in data-limiting conditions, provided that the effective stakeholder’s involvement is ensured throughout the modelling study. Finally, the proposed modelling outcomes are helpful in making informed decisions regarding appropriate water management and transboundary cooperation in the LRB. 
Space Weather Effects On Plasmasphere, Ionosphere and Thermosphere Systems during November 2021 Geomagnetic Storm, as probed in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Regi Mauro , Perrone Loredana , Del Corpo Alfredo , Spogli Luca , Sabbagh Dario , Cesaroni Claudio , Alfonsi Laura , Bagiacchi Paolo , Cafarella Lili , Carnevale Giuseppina , De Lauretis Marcello , Di Mauro Domenico , Di Pietro Pierluigi , Francia Patrizia , Heilig Balázs , Lepidi Stefania , Marcocci Carlo , Masci Fabrizio , Nardi Adriano , Piscini Alessandro ,   Mauro Regi
Published: February 2023

On 4 November 2021 it was detected the most intense geomagnetic storm that occurred so far during the rising phase of solar cycle 25 (Kp=8-). This work summarizes the state of the solar wind before and during the geomagnetic storm, the response of the plasmasphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system in the European sector and, for a comparison, the ionosphere-thermosphere response of the American sector. The plasmasphere dynamics was investigated through field line resonances detected at the European quasi-Meridional Magnetometer Array. The ionosphere was investigated through the combined use of ionospheric parameters (foF2, hmF2) from ionosondes and Total Electron Content (TEC) obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System receivers at four locations in the European sector and three locations in the American sectors. Aeronomic parameters were retrieved by using an original method based on the observed electron concentration in the ionospheric F region. The behavior of foF2 and TEC data is also discussed, speculating about the possible interconnection between the topside ionosphere and the plasmasphere at the investigated European sites. Experimental results can be summarized as it follows: a) The plasmasphere, originally in a state of saturation, was eroded up to two Earth’s radii, and only partially recovered after the main phase of the storm, and a possible formation of a drainage plume is also observed; b) The ionospheric parameters showed phases characterized by negative and positive variations, with longitudinal and latitudinal dependence of storm features in the European sector; c) Negative storm signature in electron concentration at the F2 region is also observed in the American sector. This result is mainly attributable to the neutral composition and temperature variations.
Attributes analysis of global urban anthropogenic heat index with multi-sources remote sensing data
Authors: Wu Hantian , Huang Bo
Published: February 2023

Urban anthropogenic heat has a direct impact on urban climate. However, due to a warm feedback loop, the attributions of urban anthropogenic heat in urban area are unclear. This research carried out an attribution analysis of anthropogenic heat index (AHI) derived from remote sensing over global 1386 cities to investigate the contribution of 13 environmental variables to global urban anthropogenic heat based on GEE environment. 13 independent variables are categorized the groups of human activities, land morphology, vegetation, climate and atmospheric environment on anthropogenic heat. The results show that although human activities are considered as the main source of the anthropogenic heat, other factors have more impacts on the anthropogenic heat pattern in the urban area due to the feedback loop of urban thermal environment. Climate played a leading role in the impacts on anthropogenic heat with a contribution rate of 30-50% in most background contexts. The impact rate of human activities and landforms on anthropogenic heat accounts for 20% in most background scenarios. The findings of this research can contribute to the solution of mitigating urban anthropogenic heat and expanded the research scope of urban anthropogenic heat in the urban area.
The European Geosciences Community: insights from a survey on workplace diversity and climate
Authors: Beniest Anouk , Popp Andrea , Di Chiara Anita , Gürer Derya , van Rijsingen Elenora , Li Mengze , Pieber Simone
Published: February 2023

Although the Geosciences remain one of the least diverse scientific communities, we need more quantitative data to capture how homogeneous or diverse the community actually is. It is also unclear how this non-diverseness translates into workplace safety. Unsafe working conditions are frequently reported in mainstream media, but it remains difficult to develop targeted and effective solutions without knowing who is affected. To obtain data on how different members of the geoscience community experience workplace environments, we released an anonymous survey which can be accessed via:[https://qfreeaccountssjc1.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6LLqSaXRyLZ3yZg]. The survey interrogates topics affecting workplace safety, such as sexual harassment, discrimination, (un)equal gender treatment. It also includes recommendations and strategies to improve overall workplace safety. Initial findings show that around 40-50% of respondents (n=78) have sometimes experienced a) disrespectful comments or actions, b) people questioning the respondents’ professional expertise, and c) sexist or racist language in their workplace. Such experiences predominantly caused about 40% of total respondents to consider leaving their institutions or changing careers. Our survey also showed that, only around 18% of respondents feel supported by their institutional administrations to report an incident, or trust the reporting system to be fair and unbiased. This preliminary outcome means that there is a major task at hand at the institutional level to transform current working environments into a safe space where geoscientists can thrive. The updated results and insights from this survey will be presented at the EGU General Assembly in 2023.
Compounding effects of drought and heat stress on macroeconomy
Authors: Ceglar Andrej , Bruns Martin , Martinez Hernandez Catalina
Published: February 2023

A growing literature investigates the dynamic impacts of climate shocks on economy. Drought and heat stress can lead to substantial degradation of human health, agriculture and food production, energy sector, transport and mobility, and other sectors. These impacts are manifested in the economy and financial systems through different transmission channels and can result in increased costs and economic losses, with cascading effects to financial stability as well. Drought and heat waves often compound, with their interconnected risks being complex, challenging to understand and manage. Moreover, the impacts of compound shocks can be significantly larger than the sum of the individual shocks, mainly due to non-linearity of impacts. To address this issue, we investigate in this study to what extent the effect of extreme temperature variations on key economic outputs depends on the occurrence of droughts and high precipitation in the recent past. We estimate a novel Bayesian Smooth Transition Vector Autoregression, allowing the data to inform the pattern in which the model moves between extreme droughts and extreme wet conditions. We find that the occurrence of droughts within the last 12 months has important consequences for the way in which temperature shocks affect aggregate prices. These effects vary to some degree across countries as well as across sectors.
Development of a portable, distance-based paper analytical sensor for carbonate detection.
Authors: Tebetyo Zakia , Richardson Samantha , Madden Leigh , Lorch Mark , Pamme Nicole
Published: February 2023

Development of a portable, distance-based paper analytical sensor for carbonate detection. Zakia Tebetyo1, Samantha Richardson1, Leigh Madden2, Mark Lorch1, Nicole Pamme1,31Schoolof Natural Sciences, University of Hull. 2 Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK3Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SwedenIn this study we transferred a laboratory-based titration reaction for carbonate determination onto a portable paper-based analytical device (PAD). The carbonate quantity can be read out by measuring the distance of a colour change along a paper-based reaction channel. Device dimensions and detection reagent constituents were optimized to enable detection of carbonate ions in the range of 0 – 1000 mg L-1. The PAD featured a reaction channel in hydrophilic filter paper defined by a hydrophobic wax barrier. The detection reagent consisted of citric acid/citrate buffer (0.5 M, pH 2.5), bromocresol green (BCG) indicator (0.10% w/v) and PDADMAC (5.0 % v/v) dissolved in 20% ethanol. The base of the device was sealed with tape to prevent reagents leaking. Sixty microlitres of carbonate sample were added to the base of the channel and the liquid was allowed to wick up the channel. Colour development occurred as the carbonate ions reacted with the hydronium ions in the detection reagent resulting in a colour change of the BCG indicator from yellow to blue.To optimise the reaction channel, two dimensions were compared, 1 mm x 30 mm and 2 mm x 30 mm. The device with the wider channel gave a higher colour intensity between carbonate concentrations 0 – 200 mg L-1. In this range the sensor gave a linear response. The effect of filter paper pore size was investigated to study wicking time. Whatman 4 paper (pore size 23 µm) had a six times faster wicking rate of 7 min compared to Whatman 1 (11 µm) with 42 min. Reproducibility studies (100, 200, 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm carbonate, n = 6) gave a maximum RSD of 2.4% showing consistency across the range of samples tested. Interference tests were conducted with 500 ppm  with additional environmentally occurring ions, i.e. 250 ppm , 250 ppm  or 50 ppm of  (F=1.924<Fcrit=3.411, no significant difference). There was no significant interference found from these ions.Future work will focus on packaging and sealing the devices for on-site use, benchmarking with real environmental samples and in-the-field use with by minimally trained personnel.