bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonsingular fixed‐time adaptive neural terminal sliding mode control for a class of uncertain second‐order nonlinear systems
Authors: Song Jiaxuan , Wei Wei , Zhang Weihai
Published: February 2024

In this article, the fixed‐time adaptive neural tracking control for a class of second‐order uncertain nonlinear systems is investigated. First, a novel fast fixed‐time stable (FTS) autonomous system with the switched nonlinear term is constructed. Compared with the traditional FTS system (FTSS), the state of the proposed fast FTS system has a faster convergence rate for arbitrary initial state. Then, a fixed‐time terminal sliding mode control (FTSMC) scheme is developed based on the novel fast FTSS, and the tracking error of the closed‐loop system is verified to converge to the origin within a fixed time. The proposed FTSMC scheme not only realizes the upper bound of the settling time independent of the initial conditions but also completely avoids the singularity problem by introducing the switching sliding mode surface. Moreover, an adaptive neural FTSMC scheme is developed for the general uncertain nonlinear systems with the help of the approximation capabilities of neural networks (NNs). The feasibility of the presented control strategy is examined by the simulation of a single‐link robot system.
New insights into Chlorella vulgaris applications
Authors: Al‐Hammadi Mohammed , Güngörmüşler Mine
Published: February 2024

Environmental pollution is a big challenge that has been faced by humans in contemporary life. In this context, fossil fuel, cement production, and plastic waste pose a direct threat to the environment and biodiversity. One of the prominent solutions is the use of renewable sources, and different organisms to valorize wastes into green energy and bioplastics such as polylactic acid. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae, is a promising candidate to resolve these issues due to its ease of cultivation, fast growth, carbon dioxide uptake, and oxygen production during its growth on wastewater along with biofuels, and other productions. Thus, in this article, we focused on the potential of Chlorella vulgaris to be used in wastewater treatment, biohydrogen, biocement, biopolymer, food additives, and preservation, biodiesel which is seen to be the most promising for industrial scale, and related biorefineries with the most recent applications with a brief review of Chlorella and polylactic acid market size to realize the technical/nontechnical reasons behind the cost and obstacles that hinder the industrial production for the mentioned applications. We believe that our findings are important for those who are interested in scientific/financial research about microalgae.
Did court dismiss wrongful death claim involving off‐campus fraternity?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2024

A member of the Ohio State University's Phi Kappa Psi fraternity attended a party at the off‐campus fraternity house.
Review recent rulings involving Title IX
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
New Alkaloids and Steroids from Hydranth of Goniopora columna Corals and Their Inhibiting Lung Cancer Cell Activities
Authors: Feng Guangfu , He Jieyi , Li Qiqi , Bai Meng , Liu Kai , Liu Xinming , Yi Xiangxi , Liu Yonghong , Luo Lianxiang , Gao Chenghai
Published: February 2024

A new alkaloids, aplysingoniopora A (1), and new configuration pregnane type steroid compound, 9,17‐α‐pregn‐1,4,20‐en‐3‐one (2), and two known pregnane type steroid compounds (3 and 4) were isolated from hydranth of Goniopora columna corals. The compounds structures and absolute configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, MS data, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and quantum chemical calculation. The anticancer effect of the compounds were explored in human non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell lines. As the results, the compound 3 and 4 induces toxicity and has proliferation inhibitory effects on A549 cells (IC50=58.99 μM and 58.77 μM, respectively) in vitro.
Naringen's Effects on Diuresis and Prevention of Urolithiasis in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: de Cássia Vilhena da Silva Rita , Dada Anelize , Lucietti Dick Sabrina , Odebrecht Cavichiolo Martina , Zanovello Mariana , Cechinel Filho Valdir , de Souza Priscila
Published: February 2024

This research demonstrates the diuretic effect of naringenin, a flavanone aglycone found in citrus, on spontaneously hypertensive female and male rats (SHR). The data reinforces existing literature findings that male SHR exhibits higher systolic blood pressure than age‐matched females. Urine volume assessed over 8 hours was lower when obtained from SHR males than females. When these animals were orally treated with different doses of naringenin (0.1–1 mg/kg), this increased urinary volume in both genders at the highest dose tested. In contrast, the lowest dose promoted a significant natriuretic effect. The other electrolytes analyzed in urine were not significantly altered, except potassium excretion, which was shown to be increased in the urine of SHR males. Furthermore, naringenin showed promise in reducing calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation in an in vitro model, presenting potential advantages in lithiasis prevention.
Interaction of the Immune System TIM‐3 Protein with a Model Cellular Membrane Containing Phosphatidyl‐Serine Lipids
Authors: Delova Anastasiia , Pasc Andreea , Monari Antonio
Published: February 2024

T cell transmembrane, Immunoglobulin, and Mucin (TIM) are important immune system proteins which are especially present in T‐cells and regulated the immune system by sensing cell engulfment and apoptotic processes. Their role is exerted by the capacity to detect the presence of phosphatidyl–serine lipid polar head in the outer leaflet of cellular membranes (correlated with apoptosis). In this contribution by using equilibrium and enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulation we unravel the molecular bases and the thermodynamics of TIM, and in particular TIM‐3, interaction with phosphatidyl serine in a lipid bilayer. Since TIM‐3 deregulation is an important factor of pro‐oncogenic tumor micro‐environment understanding its functioning at a molecular level may pave the way to the development of original immunotherapeutic approaches.
Solution‐Phase Late‐Stage Chemoselective Photocatalytic Removal of Sulfonyl and Phenacyl Groups in Peptides
Authors: Kundu Samrat , Maji Modhu Sudan
Published: February 2024

Herein, BPC catalyzed visible‐light‐triggered target‐specific late‐stage solution phase desulfonylation from tryptophan in oligopeptides is portrayed by overcoming the isolation issue up to octamers. This robust and mild method is highly predictable and chemoselective, tolerating myriad of functional groups in aza‐heteroaromatics and peptides. Interestingly, reductive desulfonylation is also amenable to biologically significant reactive histidine and tyrosine side chains, signifying the versatility of the strategy. Additional efficacy of BPC is demonstrated by solution phase phenacyl deprotection from C‐terminal in peptides. Furthermore, excellent catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% and recyclability demonstrate the practical utility and applicability of this strategy.
Immobilizing Triphenylamine with Photoredox Inert Sr2+ Forming Sr‐MOF with Controlled Electron Migration for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Thiols to Disulfides
Authors: Wang Ying‐Xia , Zheng Fang , Song Dong‐Xia , Niu Bao‐Yue , Deng Lu‐Qian , Zhang Xian‐Ming
Published: February 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The photocatalytic oxidative coupling of thiols is one of the most popular methods to synthesize the disulfides. Triphenylamine and its derivatives (TPAs) are promising for the above reaction, but suffer from the easy polymerization and difficult separation. To overcome these obstacles while controlling the photogenerated electrons transfer directly to target substrates, herein, we constructed one TPA‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), (Me2NH2)[Sr(TCBPA)]·DMA·3H2O (1), by direct self‐assembly of tris(4′‐carboxybiphenyl)amine (H3TCBPA) and photoredox inert strontium ion (Sr2+). DFT calculations revealed that the valence band maximum (VBM) and the conduction band minimum (CBM) are mainly located on TCBPA3–, successfully inhibiting the undesirable electron migration to metal nodes. Experimental results indicated that 1 displays superior performance than homogeneous H3TCBPA, which may result from the abundant π···π and C—H···π interactions between the well‐arranged TCBPA3– and the build‐in electric field between the anionic framework and the Me2NH2+. This work highlights that immobilizing TPAs into MOFs is one promising approach to designing heterogeneous photocatalysts for the synthesis of disulfides by oxidative coupling of thiols.
Deep Earth Chronicles: High‐Pressure Investigation of Phenakite Mineral Be2SiO4
Authors: Singh Jaspreet , Errandonea Daniel , Kanchana Venkatakrishnan , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy
Published: February 2024

Beryllium silicate, recognized as the mineral phenakite (Be2SiO4), is a prevalent constituent in Earth's upper mantle. This study employs density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the structural, mechanical, dynamical, thermodynamic, and electronic characteristics of this compound under both ambient and high‐pressure conditions. Under ideal conditions, the DFT calculations align closely with experimental findings, confirming the mechanical and dynamical stability of the crystalline structure. Phenakite is characterized as an indirect band gap insulator, possessing an estimated band gap of 7.83 eV. Remarkably, oxygen states make a substantial contribution to both the upper limit of the valence band and the lower limit of the conduction band. We delved into the thermodynamic properties of the compound, including coefficients of thermal expansion, free energy, entropy, heat capacity, and the Gruneisen parameter across different temperatures. Our findings suggest that Be2SiO4 displays an isotropic behavior based on estimated anisotropic factors. Interestingly, our investigation revealed that, under pressure, the compression of phenakite is not significantly affected by bond angle bending.
Brief individual experiential schema therapy in adult outpatients with cluster C personality disorders: Does it work?
Authors: Wan‐Vermeer Rowina , Bouwmeester Samantha , Starrenburg Annemieke
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of brief individual experiential schema therapy (ST) in 12 adult outpatients with cluster C personality disorders (PD) using randomised multiple baseline design. Waitlist period was followed by five explorative sessions, 18 experiential ST sessions, two treatment follow‐up (FU) booster sessions and a 6‐month FU assessment. Overall well‐being (ORS), behavioural treatment goals and negative core beliefs were assessed 60–91 times, global symptomatic distress (BSI) six times. PD severity (SCID‐5‐PD) was pre‐post‐analysed. Randomisation and non‐parametric tests showed large significant effects (d = 1.08–2.38, r = .53–.66) on all outcomes at treatment‐FU and 6‐month FU assessment. This is the first study providing preliminary evidence of effectiveness of brief individual experiential ST for patients with cluster C PD, tentatively challenging the common tenet that long treatment duration is required. Due to limitations, replication is recommended.
Distress tolerance and lifetime frequency of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Seydavi Mohammad , Firoozabadi Mahsa Akbarian , Babaeifard Maryam
Published: February 2024

NSSI has recently been recognized as a significant health issue given its documented association with psychopathology and across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. It has been found that individuals experiencing heightened emotions, which is referred to as an emotional cascade, are more likely to engage in self‐injury behaviour due to low levels of distress tolerance (DT). The current meta‐analysis using PRISMA guidelines sought to quantify the strength of the association between DT and lifetime frequency of NSSI using 22 eligible studies (N = 14,588; F = 60.7%; age = 23.35 ± 7.30), mainly from the United States. The correlation between emotional DT and NSSI was a small negative correlation (r = −.14), and it was non‐significant for behavioural DT and NSSI (r = .02). Also, the effect‐size was significant for studies that used interview‐based measure of NSSI (r = −.24), and it was non‐significant when self‐report measures of NSSI (r = −.11) utilized. The association between DT and NSSI was significant and negative across the general population (r = −.47), university students (r = −.17), and inpatients (r = −.27); surprisingly, it was significant and positive among adolescents or high school students (r = .17). The observed effect‐sizes were independent of publication year, mean age and its standard deviation, study quality, female proportion, DT, NSSI measures reliability, and clinical status. Future studies on NSSI should consider DT as a spectrum from distress intolerance to distress over‐tolerance, given that it seems it has different functions when different samples (e.g., adolescents) are studied.
NCAPH drives breast cancer progression and identifies a gene signature that predicts luminal a tumour recurrence
Authors: Mendiburu‐Eliçabe Marina , García‐Sancha Natalia , Corchado‐Cobos Roberto , Martínez‐López Angélica , Chang Hang , Hua Mao Jian , Blanco‐Gómez Adrián , García‐Casas Ana , Castellanos‐Martín Andrés , Salvador Nélida , Jiménez‐Navas Alejandro , Pérez‐Baena Manuel Jesús , Sánchez‐Martín Manuel Adolfo , Abad‐Hernández María Del Mar , Carmen Sofía Del , Claros‐Ampuero Juncal , Cruz‐Hernández Juan Jesús , Rodríguez‐Sánchez César Augusto , García‐Cenador María Begoña , García‐Criado Francisco Javier , Vicente Rodrigo Santamaría , Castillo‐Lluva Sonia , Pérez‐Losada Jesús
Published: February 2024

Background

Luminal A tumours generally have a favourable prognosis but possess the highest 10‐year recurrence risk among breast cancers. Additionally, a quarter of the recurrence cases occur within 5 years post‐diagnosis. Identifying such patients is crucial as long‐term relapsers could benefit from extended hormone therapy, while early relapsers might require more aggressive treatment.

Methods

We conducted a study to explore non‐structural chromosome maintenance condensin I complex subunit H’s (NCAPH) role in luminal A breast cancer pathogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo, aiming to identify an intratumoural gene expression signature, with a focus on elevated NCAPH levels, as a potential marker for unfavourable progression. Our analysis included transgenic mouse models overexpressing NCAPH and a genetically diverse mouse cohort generated by backcrossing. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) multivariate regression analysis was performed on transcripts associated with elevated intratumoural NCAPH levels.

Results

We found that NCAPH contributes to adverse luminal A breast cancer progression. The intratumoural gene expression signature associated with elevated NCAPH levels emerged as a potential risk identifier. Transgenic mice overexpressing NCAPH developed breast tumours with extended latency, and in Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)‐NCAPHErbB2double‐transgenic mice, luminal tumours showed increased aggressiveness. High intratumoural Ncaph levels correlated with worse breast cancer outcome and subpar chemotherapy response. A 10‐gene risk score, termed Gene Signature for Luminal A 10 (GSLA10), was derived from the LASSO analysis, correlating with adverse luminal A breast cancer progression.

Conclusions

The GSLA10 signature outperformed the Oncotype DX signature in discerning tumours with unfavourable outcomes, previously categorised as luminal A by Prediction Analysis of Microarray 50 (PAM50) across three independent human cohorts. This new signature holds promise for identifying luminal A tumour patients with adverse prognosis, aiding in the development of personalised treatment strategies to significantly improve patient outcomes.
Flow cytometry of DNMT1 as a biomarker of hypomethylating therapies
Authors: Woost Philip G. , William Basem M. , Cooper Brenda W. , Ueda Oshima Masumi , Otegbeye Folashade , De Lima Marcos J. , Wald David , Mahfouz Reda Z. , Saunthararajah Yogen , Stefan Tammy , Jacobberger James W.
Published: February 2024

The 5‐azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DEC) are noncytotoxic, differentiation‐inducing therapies approved for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemias (AML), and under evaluation as maintenance therapy for AML postallogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and to treat hemoglobinapathies. Malignant cell cytoreduction is thought to occur by S‐phase specific depletion of the key epigenetic regulator, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) that, in the case of cancers, thereby releases terminal‐differentiation programs. DNMT1‐targeting can also elevate expression of immune function genes (HLA‐DR, MICA, MICB) to stimulate graft versus leukemia effects. In vivo, there is a large inter‐individual variability in DEC and 5‐AZA activity because of pharmacogenetic factors, and an assay to quantify the molecular pharmacodynamic effect of DNMT1‐depletion is a logical step toward individualized or personalized therapy. We developed and analytically validated a flow cytometric assay for DNMT1 epitope levels in blood and bone marrow cell subpopulations defined by immunophenotype and cell cycle state. Wild type (WT) and DNMT1 knock out (DKO) HC116 cells were used to select and optimize a highly specific DNMT1 monoclonal antibody. Methodologic validation of the assay consisted of cytometry and matching immunoblots of HC116‐WT and ‐DKO cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells; flow cytometry of H116‐WT treated with DEC, and patient samples before and after treatment with 5‐AZA. Analysis of patient samples demonstrated assay reproducibility, variation in patient DNMT1 levels prior to treatment, and DNMT1 depletion posttherapy. A flow‐cytometry assay has been developed that in the research setting of clinical trials can inform studies of DEC or 5‐AZA treatment to achieve targeted molecular pharmacodynamic effects and better understand treatment‐resistance/failure.
Geomicrobiological characterization of the evaporitic ecosystem in the hypersaline lake Laguna Verde (Andean Puna, Northwestern Argentina)
Authors: Saona L. A. , Villafañe P. G. , Carrizo D. , Cónsole Gonella C. , Néspolo R. F. , Farías M. E.
Published: February 2024

Laguna Verde's dome‐shaped structures are distinctive formations within the Central Andes, displaying unique geomicrobiological features. This study represents a pioneering investigation into these structures, assessing their formation, associated taxa, and ecological significance. Through a multifaceted approach that includes chemical analysis of the water body, multiscale characterization of the domes, and analysis of the associated microorganisms, we reveal the complex interplay between geology and biology in this extreme environment. The lake's alkaline waters that are rich in dissolved cations and anions such as chloride, sodium sulfate, and potassium, coupled with its location at the margin of the Antofalla salt flat, fed by alluvial fans and hydrothermal input, provide favorable conditions for mineral precipitation and support for the microorganism's activity. Laguna Verde's dome‐shaped structures are mainly composed of gypsum and halite, displaying an internal heterogeneous mesostructure consisting of three zones: microcrystalline, organic (orange and green layers), and crystalline. The green layer of the organic zone is predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria, while the orange layer is mostly inhabited by Cyanobacteria. The results of the study suggest that oxygenic photosynthesis performed by Cyanobacteria is the main carbon fixation pathway in the microbial community, supported by carbon isotopic ratios of specific biomarkers. This finding highlights the important role played by Cyanobacteria in this ecosystem.
Bioactivity, DNA damage protecting, and aroma potential of oleuropein enriched olive leaf extract by optimization of ultrasound‐assisted process
Authors: Ilgaz Ceren , Kelebek Haşim , Kadiroglu Pınar
Published: February 2024

In this study, Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method to obtain oleuropein‐rich extract from olive leaf. The effect of three parameters, ethanol concentration (30%–70%), amplitude (30%–50%), and ultrasonication time (5–15 min) on oleuropein content were evaluated through experimental design. The total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, DNA damage scavenging activity, aroma profile, and antimicrobial activity of olive leaf were also investigated. The optimum extraction condition was determined as 30% amplitude, 70% ethanol, and 5 min extraction time. The amount of oleuropein was found to be 42.621 mg/g dry leaves at the optimum condition. The total phenolic content of the optimized extract was found as 45.13 mg GAE/g dry leaves while the antioxidant capacity of the optimized extract was 216 µmol Trolox/g in DPPH and 213.19 µmol Trolox/g in ABTS method. Twenty‐three volatile compounds were identified in extracts, mainly aldehydes and alcohols. The extracts showed high antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains. DNA damage protecting activity of extracts on plasmid DNA was clearly demonstrated. UAE has an important effect on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of olive leaves. Moreover, oleuropein‐rich extract can have potential as a therapeutic agent depending on its antimicrobial and DNA‐protecting activity.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional multiphase mesh‐free particle modeling of transitional landslide withμ(I) rheology
Authors: Jafari Nodoushan Ehsan , Tajnesaie Mohanna , Shakibaeinia Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Landslides, which are the sources of most catastrophic natural disasters, can be subaerial (dry), submerged (underwater), or semi‐submerged (transitional). Semi‐submerged or transitional landslides occur when a subaerial landslide enters water and turns to submerged condition. Predicting the behavior of such a highly dynamic multi‐phase granular flow system is challenging, mainly due to the water entry effects, such as wave impact and partial saturation (and resulted cohesion). The mesh‐free particle methods, such as the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method, have proven their capabilities for the simulation of the highly dynamic multiphase systems. This study develops and evaluates a numerical model, based on the MPS particle method in combination with theμ(I) rheological model, to simulate the morphodynamic of the granular mass in semi‐submerged landslides in two and three dimensions. An algorithm is developed to consider partial saturation (and resulting cohesion) during the water entry. Comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurements shows the ability of the proposed model to accurately reproduce the morphological evolution of the granular mass, especially at the moment of water entry.
Fundamental analysis of Initial Coin Offerings
Authors: Bai Yunxia , Zhang Bofu
Published: February 2024

This study endeavours to discern the pivotal factors contributing to the success of initial coin offerings (ICOs) on a global scale. Through a comprehensive analysis of ICO characteristics, we explore the intricate relationship between these attributes and the ultimate success of ICO projects. Our empirical findings show that projects that have secured presale funding, coupled with comprehensive token sale information, exhibit a markedly increased likelihood of achieving ICO success. We also employ the automated machine learning method to offer valuable insights into the potential determinants of ICO success. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying rationale behind ICO success by employing SHAP values to discern the relative importance of various ICO characteristics and examine the correlations among these attributes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of ICO dynamics and offers empirical evidence regarding the critical factors that shape the success of ICO projects. Such insights hold significant implications for both industry practitioners and policymakers seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of blockchain‐based fundraising initiatives.
Prepartum and postpartum mothers’ and fathers’ feelings of frustration in response to infant crying
Authors: Drabkin Meriah , Fairbrother Nichole , Crighton Brianna , Miller Erica , Brant Rollin , Riar Shivraj , Albert Arianne , Barr Ronald G.
Published: February 2024

In this cross‐sectional study performed in Canada, we evaluated the frustration levels of prepartum and postpartum mother and father couple‐pairs. Our goal was to determine if there were differences in frustration levels between mothers and fathers while listening to prolonged infant crying, and further, how frustration levels might differ between prepartum and postpartum samples. Using two discrete groups, prepartum (Sample 1; N = 48) and postpartum (Sample 2; N = 44) mother and father couple‐pairs completed 600 s of listening to audio‐recorded infant cry sounds. Participants continuously reported their subjective frustration using a computerized Continuous Visual Analog Scale (CVAS). There was no significant difference in frustration responses between mothers and fathers across both prepartum and postpartum samples. Postpartum mothers and fathers experienced greater frustration than their prepartum counterparts, and frustration increased faster in postpartum couples compared to prepartum couples. Informing first‐time parents of the universal experiences of frustration to prolonged crying bouts that are characteristic of their infant's early weeks of life may lead to greater understanding towards their infant, and perhaps decreased instances of harmful responses.
Measuring early adolescents' prosocial behavior toward diverse others: Considering multiple social identities
Authors: Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Gülseven Zehra , Clancy Erin T. , Liew Jeffrey , Carlo Gustavo , Kim Sarah , Jiang Su
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In a diverse society, individuals often need to make prosocial decisions toward others who vary on a range of intertwined social identities. Adolescence is a prime time to promote intergroup prosociality due to identity salience during this developmental stage. In this study, our goal was to develop and provide initial validation, of a novel measure on intergroup prosocial behavior considering gender and race/ethnicity.

Method

We used two independent samples of early adolescents (N1 = 118, Mage = 12.21 years, 55% boys, 59% White collected nationally in the United States.; N2 = 133, Mage = 12.77, 51.1% boys, 77% White collected locally in Arizona).

Results

Using the data from Sample 1, Exploratory Factor Analyses revealed a two‐factor solution capturing intergroup prosociality and personal distress. Confirmatory Factor Analyses with data from Sample 2 confirmed the factor structure. The reliability of intergroup prosociality was acceptable. Prosociality subscale was positively correlated with adolescents' empathy, sympathy, compliant, emotional, dire, and anonymous prosocial behaviors indicating convergent validity and negatively correlated with adolescents' public prosocial behavior indicating discriminant validity. Further, we examined whether youth engage in differential intergroup prosocial behavior using both variable‐centered and person‐centered approaches, combining data from Samples 1 and 2. While adolescents did not engage in differential intergroup prosocial behavior, Latent Profile Analyses revealed five distinct profiles of early adolescents' intergroup prosociality. Overall, this study advances research on youth's intergroup prosociality across two intersectional social identities, moving beyond the conceptualization of single social identities in intergroup research.
Expression of cell surface zinc transporter LIV1 in triple negative breast cancer is an indicator of poor prognosis and therapy failure
Authors: Saravanan Roshni , Balasubramanian Vaishnavi , Sundaram Sandhya , Dev Bhawna , Vittalraj Pavithra , Pitani Ravi Shankar , Shanmugasundaram Gouthaman , Rayala Suresh Kumar , Venkatraman Ganesh
Published: February 2024

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are an aggressive molecular subtype of breast carcinoma (BC) identified by the lack of receptor expression for estrogen, progesterone, & human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Lack of tangible drug targets warrants further research in TNBC. LIV1, is a zinc (Zn) transporter known to be overexpressed in few cancer types including BCs. Recently, in the United States of America, FDA approved the use of a new drug targeting LIV1, antibody drug conjugate SGN‐LIV1A for treatment of TNBC patients. Though LIV1 also has a role in modulating immune cells by its differential transport of Zn, a correlation between the tumor cell expression of LIV1 and immune cell infiltrations were scantily reported. Further adequate baseline data on LIV1 expression in other populations have not been documented. Our objective was to screen a large Indian cohort of TNBC patient samples for LIV1, categorize the immune cell infiltration using CD4/CD8 expression and correlate the findings with therapy outcomes. Further, we also investigated for LIV1 expression in matched samples of primary & secondary tumors; pre & postchemotherapy in TNBC patients. Results showed an elevated expression of LIV1 in TNBC samples as compared to adjacent normal, the mean Q scores being 183.06 ± 6.39 and 120.78 ± 7.37 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Similarly, LIV1 levels were elevated in secondary tumors than primary & in patient samples postchemotherapy as compared to naïve. In the TNBC cohort, using automated method, cell morphology parameters were computed and analysis showed LIV1 levels were elevated in grade 3 TNBC samples presenting with altered cell morphology parameters namely cell size, cell perimeter, & nucleus size. Thus indicating LIV1 expressing TNBC samples portrayed an aggressive phenotype. Finally, TNBC patients with 3+ staining intensity showed poor survival (4.44 year) as compared to patients with 2+ LIV1 expression (5.47 year), emphasizing that LIV1 expression is a poor prognostic factor in TNBC. In conclusion, the study reports elevated expression of LIV1 in a large Indian TNBC cohort; high expression is a poor prognostic factor and correlated with aggressive disease and indicating the need for LIV1 targeted therapies.
Identification of binding partners that facilitate membrane‐type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5‐MMP) processing of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Wang Hongjie , Lakshmana Madepalli K. , Fields Gregg B.
Published: February 2024

One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. In addition to Aβ as the core component of the amyloid plaque, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing fragment Aβ was also found accumulated around the plaque. The APPη pathway, mainly mediated by membrane‐type 5 matrix metalloproteinase (MT5‐MMP), represents an important factor in AD pathogenesis. The proamyloidogenic features of MT5‐MMP could result from interactions with APP when trafficking between organelles, so determination of the location within the cell of APPη cleavage and interacting proteins of MT5‐MMP affecting this process will be of priority in understanding the role of MT5‐MMP in AD. In the present study, MT5‐MMP was found to be located in the nucleus, cytosol, and cytosolic subcellular granules of CHO cells that stably expressed wild‐type human APP751. MT5‐MMP fusion proteins were constructed that could localize enzyme production in the Golgi apparatus, endosome, ER, mitochondria, or plasma membrane. The fusion proteins significantly increased sAPPη when directed to the endosome, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane, or mitochondria. Since the C‐terminal region of MT5‐MMP is responsible for its intracellular location and trafficking, this domain was used as the bait in a yeast two‐hybrid screen to identify MT5‐MMP protein partners in a human brain cDNA library. Identified binding partners included N4BP2L1, TMX3, EIG121, bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1), RUFY4, HTRA1, and TMEM199. The binding of N4BP2L1, EIG121, BIN1, or TMX3 to MT5‐MMP resulted in the most significant increase in sAPPη production. Thus, the action of MT5‐MMP on APP occurs in multiple locations within the cell and is facilitated by site‐specific binding partners.
Scrutinizing the antibacterial activity of poly (1‐vinyl‐3‐alkyl imidazolium) ionic liquids: experimental and computational approach
Authors: Panda Itishree , Behera Santosh Kumar , Sahoo Rajashree , Samal Sangram Keshari , Pradhan Sanghamitra
Published: February 2024

Background

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious concern and threat to global health. This has triggered the need for the design of new antimicrobials. In this study, poly‐ionic liquid (PIL) homopolymers have been designed by varying the alkyl chain lengths to evaluate their pathogeneses against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).

Results

The results demonstrated that the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities depend on the alkyl chain length of PILs (C10 > C8 > C6). To support the experimental findings, in silico analyses were performed to explore the structural and functional information of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) enzymes. A switch region was identified between RNAP β subunit (RpoB) and RNAP β' subunit (RpoC) with 1119 amino acids (aa) and 1504 (2–1505) aa, respectively. The docking analysis reflected the docking energies −5.313 kcal mol−1 for RNAP‐poly‐1‐vinyl‐3‐hexyl imidazolium complex, −4.634 kcal mol−1 for RNAP‐poly‐1‐vinyl‐3‐octyl imidazolium complex, and −3.456 kcal mol−1 for RNAP‐poly‐1‐vinyl‐3‐decyl imidazolium complex.

Conclusion

The synthesized PIL samples exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against E. coli and S. aureus. However, the effect on E. coli was more prominent in comparison to S. aureus. The results indicated that both electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic effect played a vital role in enhancing the antibacterial as well as antibiofilm activities. In addition, in silico analysis identified the ‘switch region’ between RNAP β subunit (RpoB) and RNAP β subunit (RpoC). The novel target appeared to be a binding region for PILs and restricted the synthesis of bacterial RNA. It can be concluded that imidazolium‐based PILs can be used as safe antibacterial materials in the healthcare sector. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Renal function improvement correlates with 3D echocardiographic findings: Effect of surgical mitral valve repair
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Yang Wenbo , Shi Zhongwei , Fang Yuehua
Published: February 2024

Background

The association between surgical treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR) and renal function is not sufficiently well‐known. We tried to evaluate renal function before and after the procedure of surgical mitral valve repair (SMVR) in degenerative severe MR.

Methods

Patients with primary severe (4+) MR and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) that underwent SMVR, examined by a cutting‐edge 3‐dimensional (3D) echocardiographic probe were enrolled in this study. We took three CKD‐EPI equations to measure estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before SMVR and shortly before patients discharge. A total of 40 patients with baseline lower mean eGFR were evaluated.

Results

Measurements substantiated statistically significant improvements in eGFR (p < 0.001), multivariable linear regression modeling indicating prominent associations between increase in eGFR and decrease of MR (p = 0.003), decline of pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (p = 0.018), as well as increment of forward stroke volume (p = 0.02), in spite of LVEF reduction, left ventricular global longitudinal strain worsening and left atrial ejection fraction impairment.

Conclusions

Renal function improves after SMVR in patients with degenerative significant MR and preserved LVEF, regardless of cardiac functional worsening.
Simulation clinic waste audit assessment and recommendations at the University of Washington School of Dentistry
Authors: Oxborrow Delbert G. , Dong Chao , Lin Ivy F.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Dentistry produces waste contributing to climate change and adverse health outcomes, thus reducing waste is essential; however, there has been minimal emphasis on sustainability or climate action in dentistry. Waste audits quantify the type and amount of waste produced and may inform waste reduction strategies. We conducted a waste audit to identify areas of potential waste reduction and recommend interventions to reduce waste.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we conducted a waste audit of garbage produced during a typical 4‐hour pre‐clinical restorative dentistry simulation exercise. The sample was composed of 72 second‐year dental students. This exercise is part of a standard curriculum with a uniform format regarding supplies used and participants. Potentially infectious materials were not used during this exercise.

Results

In total, 26.6 kg of waste was discarded. Plastic was the largest contributor by mass (57.5%), followed by paper barriers (19.6%), then impression materials (6.5%). We found 894 gloves and 70 masks discarded.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, we categorized waste reduction opportunities into policy changes, purchasing sustainable materials, and increasing awareness through education. Specific suggested actions include: relaxing glove and gown requirements during laboratory simulations; replacing single use items with more sustainable options; increasing use of intraoral scanners; and posting informational signage with examples of what can be recycled.
A Treg‐related riskscore model may improve the prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Qingqing , Chu Yuxin , Yao Yi , Song Qibin
Published: February 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant health challenge. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of a regulatory T cell (Treg)‐related gene signature in CRC.

Methods

We extracted the gene expression and clinical data on CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The gene module related to Treg was identified by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). The genes in the significant module were filtered by univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis. A riskscore model was established in terms of the key Treg‐related genes. The reliability of this riskscore model was validated using the external GEO dataset. The association of riskscore with clinical features, mutation patterns and signaling pathways was explored.

Results

Genes in the blue module showed the strongest association with Tregs. After a series of filtering cycles, seven Treg‐related key genes, GDE1, GSR, HSPB1, AOC2, TBX19, TAMM41 and TIGD6, were selected to construct a riskscore model. This model performed well in evaluating the patients’ survival in TCGA cohort, and was further affirmed by the GSE17536 validation cohort. For precise evaluation of the patients’ survival, we established a nomogram in light of riskscore and clinical factors. Patients in different risk groups had distinct clinical features, mutation patterns and signaling pathway activities. The expression of five key genes was significantly associated with Treg infiltration in the CRC samples.

Conclusion

We established a useful riskscore model in light of seven Treg‐related genes. This model may contribute to the prognosis evaluation, direct tailored treatment, and hopefully improve clinical outcomes of the CRC patients.
On tree decompositions whose trees are minors
Authors: Blanco Pablo , Cook Linda , Hatzel Meike , Hilaire Claire , Illingworth Freddie , McCarty Rose
Published: February 2024

In 2019, Dvořák asked whether every connected graph has a tree decomposition so that is a subgraph of and the width of is bounded by a function of the treewidth of . We prove that this is false, even when has treewidth 2 and is allowed to be a minor of .
Three‐Dimensional Multifrequency MR Elastography for Microvascular Invasion and Prognosis Assessment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Guixue , Shen Zhehan , Chong Huanhuan , Zhou Jiahao , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Yikun , Ma Di , Yang Yuchen , Chen Yongjun , Wang Huafeng , Sack Ingolf , Guo Jing , Li Ruokun , Yan Fuhua
Published: February 2024

Background

Pretreatment identification of microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important when selecting treatment strategies.

Purpose

To improve models for predicting MVI and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) by developing nomograms containing three‐dimensional (3D) MR elastography (MRE).

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

188 patients with HCC, divided into a training cohort (n = 150) and a validation cohort (n = 38). In the training cohort, 106/150 patients completed a 2‐year follow‐up.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T 3D multifrequency MRE with a single‐shot spin‐echo echo planar imaging sequence, and 3.0T multiparametric MRI (mp‐MRI), consisting of diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging, T2‐weighted fast spin echo, in‐phase out‐of‐phase T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient‐recalled dual‐echo and dynamic contrast‐enhanced gradient echo sequences.

Assessment

Multivariable analysis was used to identify the independent predictors for MVI and RFS. Nomograms were constructed for visualization. Models for predicting MVI and RFS were built using mp‐MRI parameters and a combination of mp‐MRI and 3D MRE predictors.

Statistical Tests

Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐squared or Fisher's exact tests, multivariable analysis, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), DeLong test, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log rank tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Tumor c and liver c were independent predictors of MVI and RFS, respectively. Adding tumor c significantly improved the diagnostic performance of mp‐MRI (AUC increased from 0.70 to 0.87) for MVI detection. Of the 106 patients in the training cohort who completed the 2‐year follow up, 34 experienced recurrence. RFS was shorter for patients with MVI‐positive histology than MVI‐negative histology (27.1 months vs. >40 months). The MVI predicted by the 3D MRE model yielded similar results (26.9 months vs. >40 months). The MVI and RFS nomograms of the histologic‐MVI and model‐predicted MVI‐positive showed good predictive performance.

Data Conclusion

Biomechanical properties of 3D MRE were biomarkers for MVI and RFS. MVI and RFS nomograms were established.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Understanding Spatial Correlation Between Multiparametric MRI Performance and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zabihollahy Fatemeh , Naim Sohaib , Wibulpolprasert Pornphan , Reiter Robert E. , Raman Steven S. , Sung Kyunghyun
Published: February 2024

Background

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has shown a substantial impact on prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, the understanding of the spatial correlation between mpMRI performance and PCa location is still limited.

Purpose

To investigate the association between mpMRI performance and tumor spatial location within the prostate using a prostate sector map, described by Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) v2.1.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

One thousand one hundred forty‐three men who underwent mpMRI before radical prostatectomy between 2010 and 2022.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T. T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo, a single‐shot spin‐echo EPI sequence for diffusion‐weighted imaging, and a gradient echo sequence for dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI sequences.

Assessment

Integrated relative cancer prevalence (rCP), detection rate (DR), and positive predictive value (PPV) maps corresponding to the prostate sector map for PCa lesions were created. The relationship between tumor location and its detection/missing by radiologists on mpMRI compared to WMHP as a reference standard was investigated.

Statistical Tests

A weighted chi‐square test was performed to examine the statistical differences for rCP, DR, and PPV of the aggregated sectors within the zone, anterior/posterior, left/right prostate, and different levels of the prostate with a statistically significant level of 0.05.

Results

A total of 1665 PCa lesions were identified in 1143 patients, and from those 1060 lesions were clinically significant (cs)PCa tumors (any Gleason score [GS] ≥7). Our sector‐based analysis utilizing weighted chi‐square tests suggested that the left posterior part of PZ had a high likelihood of missing csPCa lesions at a DR of 67.0%. Aggregated sector analysis indicated that the anterior or apex locations in PZ had the significantly lowest csPCa detection at 67.3% and 71.5%, respectively.

Data Conclusion

Spatial characteristics of the per‐lesion‐based mpMRI performance for diagnosis of PCa were studied. Our results demonstrated that there is a spatial correlation between mpMRI performance and locations of PCa on the prostate.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Multiphase MRI‐Based Radiomics for Predicting Histological Grade of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yan Yang , Si Zhang , Chun Cui , Chao‐qun Pen , Ke Mu , Dong Zhang , Li Wen
Published: February 2024

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer. Accurate preoperative prediction of histological grade holds potential for improving clinical management and disease prognostication.

Purpose

To evaluate the performance of a radiomics signature based on multiphase MRI in assessing histological grade in solitary HCC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

A total of 405 patients with histopathologically confirmed solitary HCC and with liver gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced MRI within 1 month of surgery.

Field Strength/Sequence

Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence (LAVA) at 1.5 or 3.0 T.

Assessment

Tumors were graded (low/high) according to results of histopathology. Basic clinical characteristics (including age, gender, serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level, history of hepatitis B, and cirrhosis) were collected and tumor size measured. Radiomics features were extracted from Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI data. Three feature selection strategies were employed sequentially to identify the optimal features: SelectFromModel (SFM), SelectPercentile (SP), and recursive feature elimination with cross‐validation (RFECV). Probabilities of five single‐phase radiomics‐based models were averaged to generate a radiomics signature. A combined model was built by combining the radiomics signature and clinical predictors.

Statistical Tests

Pearson χ2 test/Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), univariable/multivariable logistic regression analysis, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), DeLong test, calibration curve, Brier score, decision curve, Kaplan–Meier curve, and log‐rank test. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

High‐grade HCCs were present in 33.8% of cases. AFP levels (odds ratio [OR] 1.89) and tumor size (>5 cm; OR 2.33) were significantly associated with HCC grade. The combined model had excellent performance in assessing HCC grade in the test dataset (AUC: 0.801), and demonstrated satisfactory calibration and clinical utility.

Data Conclusion

A model that combined a radiomics signature derived from preoperative multiphase Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI and clinical predictors showed good performance in assessing HCC grade.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5