bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Fire Risk and Thermal Resistance of Tyres
Authors: Rybakowski Marek , Dudarski Grzegorz , Očkajová Alena , Stebila Ján
Published: September 2013

The paper assessed the fire risk of the summer tyres marks Kormoran on the base of thermogravimetric analysis complemented by the analysis and determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the decomposition products. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed in an atmosphere of air with flow rate of 4 l/min. During the thermal analysis, the samples were loaded with temperatures from 20 to 550 °C, in the first case by rate of heating 5 °C/min and in second case by 10°C/min. The results of thermal analysis shown that the thermal decomposition of the samples at a heating rate of 5 °C/min started at 320 °C and from the temperature of 370 °C thermal decomposition pass intensively. At a heating rate of 10 °C/min, thermal decomposition of the samples started at 360 °C, from the temperature of 420 °C thermal decomposition pass intensively. The measured concentrations of CO in combustion gases showed that the thermal decomposition of tyres is accompanied by a significant release of gas. The results also shown that the thermal decomposition of the investigated tyres coupled with the release of CO starts at temperatures around 320 °C. That temperature cannot be considered as safe in the medium and long-term exposure.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Fluid with Sparse Particles' Erosion to Pipelines
Authors: Wang Chang Bin , Wang Miao , Li Xiao Xu , Liu Yu , Dong Jie Nan
Published: September 2013

A three dimensional fluid flow model was set up in this paper, based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the elasticity theory. Using the finite volume method, a 120° bend was taken as a research object to simulate the erosion to the wall of fluid with sparse particles, finally, to determine the most severe wear areas.At the same time, the distribution of two-phase flows pressure and velocity was analyzed in 45° and 90° bends, then tracked the trajectory of the particles. The results show that the 90°bend has the smallest wear area and particle distribution or combination property is the best.
Study on Diagnosis Method of High Back Pressure in Well Head for Circular Pipe Network
Authors: Liu Xiao Yan , Xu Ying
Published: September 2013

The gathering system for peripheral pattern in oil field, some wells must be shutdown because of the high backpressure of well, which due to the influence of pipe deformation, blockage, wax precipitation, water volume, crude oil physical property, scale deposit and so on. There in no report about the diagnosis method of reason for high backpressure. This paper defined the wells position in the peripheral pattern by means of the diagnosis method that is node point pressure-temperature method. It can judge if there is block up in pipeline by pressure drop per hectometer of water, and also if the designed pipe standard can match the operating conditions. The diagnose methods proposed can make sure the reasons of well high backpressure, then, the resolve schemes can be obtained.
Analysis of Exhausting Flue Gas Temperature Abnormal Accompanied with the Boiler Load Changing
Authors: Zhang Qing Feng , Wu Zhen Xin , Zhao Zhen Ning
Published: September 2013

Based on the heat-transfer principle of air pre-heater, the influence mode of the changes of the air flow, the flue gas flow, the air leakage in different locations, to the temperature of the hot air and the exhausting gas was researched. The problem of a pulverized coal fired boiler, No.2, of a Thermal Power Plant, which the deviation of exhausting flue gas temperature increased to an abnormal extend when the boiler load rise up quickly was analyzed, the fault position and fault reason were located exactly, and the fault was eradicated by equipment maintenance at last. The results of this study have a certain significance to solve similar problems.
Research on Experimentation of Real-Time Dynamic Scene Simulation Based on UML
Authors: Jiang Ting Ting , Xu Gang , Hu Jie , Lu Lu
Published: September 2013

Scene simulation technique has been widely used on the field of weapon developing. However, the problems such as technique intricacy and the difficulty of cooperating with work prevent it further developing. So the scene simulation approach to the complex system is put forward based on UML. It can be used to manage effectively the relation of scene simulation models with UML, the organization of models, and the maintenance or the modification of the simulation, to implement till the optimized project. Practical application showed that the approach is available for visualization of numerical calculation, simulation model, simulation interaction, maintenance and modification of scene simulation. It can improve actual operation efficiency considerable.
The Location Model of the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm
Authors: Jia He Ping , Liu Shu Gang , Xie Sheng Li , Huang Shi Long , Pei Shao Tong
Published: September 2013

The model of the electric vehicle charging station location is built in this paper. The objective function is charging station utility maximization, the constraint condition is traffic flow, and simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve this model. The result shows that this model is reasonable to provide the electric vehicle project managers with an optimal or approximate optimal location solution.
Preprocessing and Feature Extraction, Coding, Matching Algorithm for Fingerprint Image
Authors: Jia He Ping
Published: September 2013

A set of fingerprint recognition algorithm was achieved mainly including Gamma controller normalization and equalizing, fingerprint image division, fingerprint image binarization and different direction Gabor filter for feature extraction; especially Fingerprint image enhancement and the textures based on Gabor filter, taking account of both global and local features of the fingerprints.using matlab 7.0 for development platform was verified,The experimental results showed the proposed algorithm can avoid all sorts of false characters more effectively and recognition rate is higher than traditional algorithm in the same conditions.
A Structure of Cognitive Unit for Survivable System
Authors: Zhao Guo Sheng , Li Lin , Sheng Lin Yang , Wang Jian , Zhang Nan
Published: September 2013

A structure of cognitive unit for survivable system was proposed. Firstly, a hierarchical cognitive structure of survivable system with multilayer cognition function was established, the hierarchical cognitive structure was divided into three planes. Secondly, a cognitive unit structure based on monitor-decide-execute was put forward which has a certain degree of self-management ability, on the basis, introduced the extended cognitive unit structure. Then, a performance analyzing framework of cognitive structure was built to describe the structure and behavior of cognitive process.
A Semi-Parametric Model for Longitudinal Count Data
Authors: Yin Kang , Jin Tian
Published: September 2013

Longitudinal count data analysis has been widely used in various social science and nature science. In this paper, we proposed a semi-parametric negative multinomia model for longitudinal count data. Using local likelihood technique and marginal distribution, we proposed an estimation procedure for our new model. The finite-sample properties are studied with a simulation study.
A Hybrid Programming with C++ and Fortran for Geostatistical Modeling in Reservoirs
Authors: Liao Yuan Hui
Published: September 2013

This is the first paper using C++ to develop an interface for the newly-published Multiple-point geostatistics (Snesim) in petroleum industry. The Snesim is programmed in Fortran language and is encapsulated to DLL(dyanamic link library) , and the integration of Fortran DLL and C++ is then programmed. The hybrid programming with C++ and Fortran both utilizes the merits of the friendly interface of C++ and the powerful computation ability of Fortran. The small software by this method is developed and put into use in reservoir geostatistical modeling and got much economical effects.
A Technology to Multi-Resolution Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Zhu Tong Tong , Xu Gang , Ma Ming Cong , Liu Xing Ye
Published: September 2013

An approach is presented based on scattered data points subdivision surfaces to achieve multi-resolution surface reconstruction techniques. In the surface reconstruction process, based on gray-scale image edge detection ideological eigenvalues scattered data analysis, these features will generate texture characteristic curve values tessellation, thus forming a multi-resolution mesh model structure; After testing, the technology is not only surface reconstruction short time, while the constructed subdivision surfaces can reflect the characteristics of the original details of the data.
The Numerical Simulation of Combustion on Vinegar Residue in a Biomass Boiler
Authors: Shi Ai Ping , Ma Qian , Zhang Yin Li
Published: September 2013

Numerical simulation had been used to study the combustion characteristic of vinegar residue in a straw-fired boiler in this paper. Achievement of the paper was based on a kind of CFD. The results paid more attention to the following points: the influences of different loads and the flow ratio of primary air and the second air on the combustion condition, the gas phase concentration, and mean mixture fraction. The results showed vinegar residue was easy to burn out. The increase of load was helpful to the combustion of vinegar residue in the straw-fired boiler. It was reasonable when the ratio of primary air and the second air is 1:1. And the straw-fired boiler showed good combustion adaptability to vinegar residue.
Synchronization of Different Fractional Order Time-Delay Chaotic Systems Using Active Control
Authors: Tang Jia Neng
Published: September 2013

In this paper, based on the Laplace transform theory, the conditions for achieving synchronization of different fractional order time-delay chaotic systems are analyzed by use of active control technique. Then numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the developed method.
Application of Improved Moment Invariants and SVM in the Recognition of Solar Cell Debris
Authors: Wang Yong Qing , Tian Dan , Song Deng Yuan , Cai Ai Ling , Liu Yu Fei , Huang Shi Yu
Published: September 2013

Automatic identification of defects on solar cell modules is the key of improving components efficiency of power generation and achieving the maximum utilization of energy[1]. This paper took the debris defects as an example. Considered the fact that scale factor would have an impact on moment invariants in discrete state, this paper adopted an improved moment invariant for the image feature extraction of debris defects. The scale factor of the new moment invariants is eliminated by transformation. Therefore they have the properties of translation, rotation and scaling simultaneously. Meanwhile, SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier was used to identify the debris defects. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional moment invariants, the identification rate of using the improved moment invariants for feature extraction is 96%.
Visualization of Lipid Bodies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Living Cells with Fluorescent Microscopy
Authors: Zhu Shun Ni , Wang Zhong Ming
Published: September 2013

Acquisition of lipids mainly in a form of triacylglycerol from microalgae is a potential way for biofuels production. Many unicellular microalgae make little triacylglycerol under favorable growth condition, but accumulate large amounts of it under environmental stress conditions (e.g., nutrient depletion, high light). In this paper, the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii BAFJ5 was used as a model to study production of lipid bodies (LBs) which are important lipid storage organelles, particularly under stress. We discovered LBs accumulated dramatically when cells were grown in nitrogen-deplete medium. Using fluorescent microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, intracellular LBs can be successfully visualized. The number and size of LBs were also quantified.
Effects of Nickel Ions on Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cow Dung and Phragmites australis
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Zhang Hua Yong , Tian Yong Lan , Zhang Fang Juan
Published: September 2013

The effect of nickel ions on the anaerobic digestion ofphragmites australisand cow dung were investigated in batch experiments. Five levels of nickel ions were set as 0, 0.2, 0.8, 1.4 and 2.0 mg Ni/L. The results indicated that anaerobic digestion started on about 3rdday 26 days of anaerobic digestion, the highest cumulative biogas was 32.70 mL/g·TS-1when nickel concentration was 0.8 mg Ni/L. The nickel ions in certain concentration range significantly affected biogas production rate, and effectively shorten reactor startup period. Biogas which was produced fromphragmitescombined with cow dung provided a new insight for bioenergy production whose? process can be promoted by nickel ions addition.
Selective Production of Aromatic Aldehydes from Lignin by Metalloporphyrins/H2O2 System
Authors: Li Yan , Chang Jie , Ouyang Yong
Published: September 2013

In this work, a promising method for production of high value-added aromatic aldehydes from lignin was proposed. The concept is based on the use of metalloporphyin as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant under alkaline condition. The biomimetic catalyst Co (TPPS4) (TPPS4=meso-tetra (p-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin) was prepared and characterized by1H-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and UVvisible spectroscopy. It exhibited high activity in the catalytic oxidation of lignin. The main products were p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde from catalytic oxidation of lignin, which in total were up to 75.09% of the identified compounds by GC-MS. The yield of the three aromatic aldehydes was 12.84 wt.%, compared to a poor 2.63 wt.% yield of the three aromatic aldehydes without Co (TPPS4).
The Screening and Identification of a Batch of Oleaginous Yeasts
Authors: Zhang Yi Shuai , Xie Ning Dong , Zhao Gui Qi , Zhang Yan Fen , Xu Ji Fei
Published: September 2013

Twenty three strains of oleaginous fungus were screened out from the excess sludge by Sudan black B staining method. After 26s rDNA sequence analysis and comparison, 10 of the strains were found to be Pichia jadini, 9 to be Trichosporon laibachii, and the other 4 to be Galactomyces geotrichum, which belong to molds. We focused on 7 strains of Tri. laibachii, and measured their biomass and oil yield. As a result, Tri. laibachii IEM-17 had the highest biomass, as well as the highest oil yield which reached 21.9%.
Optimization Design of PV/ Wind Hybrid System Considering Power Supply Reliability
Authors: Wang Zi Bo
Published: September 2013

In order to give full play to PV/Wind hybrid system, a mathematic model of optimization design considering power supply reliability is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the structure of PV/Wind hybrid system is given, so are the mathematical models of wind generators, PV modulesand batteries are. Then,the mathematic model of optimization design is determined: in the case of meeting the power supply reliability, an objective function is constructed to minimize the total costs of system investment costs, operation and maintenance costs and system power loss cost, which are limited by realistic constraints. Finally, an PV/Wind hybrid system is employed to validate the model, results show that the mathematic model proposed in this paper is suitable to design a PV/Wind hybrid system.
Efficiency Organic/Inorganic Composite Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Ye Jian Min
Published: September 2013

The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates is interesting. CdTe is one of the leading candidates for photovoltaic applications due to its optimum band gap for the efficient photo-conversion and robustness for industrial production with a variety of film preparation methods. Flexible solar cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 11% have been developed on polyimide foils. The development of CdTe devices on metallic substrates is impeded due to the lack of a proper ohmic contact between CdTe and the substrate. The polymer substrate has the advantage that the devices can be prepared in both superstrate and substrate configurations.
EMI Noise Testing and Diagnosis for PV Inverter
Authors: Dong Ying Hua , Liu Mei Yin , Cao Lei
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a new method is proposed to test the conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise of photovoltaic invert based on analysis the internal structure and measuring principle of artificial mains network, meanwhile, the power line radiated EMI noise of photovoltaic can also be estimated by CM noise current using current probe and CM noise extraction network. The experiment result show that the conducted EMI noise and radiated EMI noise of photovoltaic inverter can be test more reasonable by this method.
Interference Effects of Wind Flow around Three Parallel-Aligned Wall-Mounted Cubes Placed in Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Gu Dan , Lim Hee Chang
Published: September 2013

The study undertook various calculations of the turbulent wind flow around a body in close proximity to neighboring obstacles, with the aim of gaining an understanding of the wind velocity and the surface-pressure variations with respect to the azimuth angle of wind direction and the gap distance between the obstacles. This paper presents the effects of wind flow interference among three parallel-aligned wall-mounted cubes for azimuth angles of Φ = 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45° and gap distances of G = 0.5h, 1.0h, 1.5h, and ∞ (i.e., a single cube), where G is the gap distance and h is the cube height. A transient detached eddy simulation (DES) was carried out to calculate the highly complicated wind flow domain around the three cubes to observe the surface-pressure, velocity, vortex and spectra characteristics. The results indicate that an increasing wind azimuth angle can even change the mean surface pressure coefficient on the side face of the center cube from negative to positive value. In addition, because of the interference effects, the velocity and pressure distributions around the center cube also show a substantial change depending on the gap distance.
Research on Residential Power Cost Model of Different Pricing Policy
Authors: Wang Feng Yu , Yang Li Fang , Xie Ying Xin , Ren Ying
Published: September 2013

At present, different pricing policies are implemented by different residential users, mainly including step price and comprehensive price of step & time-of-use. At first the two current pricing policies are elaborated, and then power cost models are established for different residential users. Finally, it is verified by examples the models built in the paper are rational and maneuverable, which is convenient for power residential users to calculate their power cost by themselves, and will provide theoretical support to successfully implement the step price and comprehensive price of step & time-of-use.
A Novel Road Energy Harvester System Based on Sliding Deceleration Design and Model
Authors: Chao Zhi Feng , Zhang Zu Tao
Published: September 2013

Green, safe and efficient road energy harvesting is a challenge for road traffic application. In this paper, we present a novel road energy harvester system based on sliding deceleration design and model for the purposes of energy harvesting involved in road traffic. The main components of the system consist of sliding deceleration mechanism, rack and pinion transmission, mechanical motion rectifier, which are used to generate electricity from the vibration of the sliding plate excited by vehicles passing by. Compared with the conventional road harvester using the speed bump, the proposed road energy harvester system has potential advantages in reducing the dependence on the speed bump, increasing the safety of vehicle when passing by and expanding its application. The final experimental results show the validity of our method under simulation condition.
Influence Analysis of Climate Condition on the Optimal Adoption of Distributed Energy Resource Systems in China
Authors: Ren Hong Bo , Wu Qiong , Ren Jian Xing , Gao Wei Jun
Published: September 2013

In this study, the feasible distributed energy resource (DER) systems for the public building complexes have been examined for a major city within each of the five major climate zones in China, using economic performance as the sole criterion to be maximized. The results indicate that the hot summer and cold winter area is recognized to be the most suitable district to introduce DER (mainly gas engine and gas turbine units among various alternatives) systems from both economic and environmental viewpoints; while the DER systems are not popular in the mild climate zone.
Economic and Technical Analysis of Substituting GSHP for Conventional Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Shi Kun , Xu Gao Jie , Shi Meng Jie , Shen Min Xuan
Published: September 2013

Economic and technical analysis of substituting GSHP for conventional air-conditioning system (combined by cold central air-conditioner and electric coal-fired boiler) was carried out. Firstly, a brief introduction was made on types, characteristics and application scope of heat pump technology. Secondly, initial investment and operating costs was estimated, respectively. At last, carbon dioxide emission reduction was calculated. The results show that, compared to conventional air conditioner, heat pump has better economics and energy saving benefits.
Experiment Study on Performance of Air Source Heat Pump
Authors: Shi Wei Xiu , Pan Li Sheng
Published: September 2013

Under the situation of energy crisis, air source heat pumps are paid more attention recently. In order to save energy, the feasibility and performance of air source heat pump are studied by experiment, and variation laws of exhaust temperature, evaporator outlet temperature and outlet presser of compressor were analyzed in this paper. Air source heat pump apparatus were set up and the experiment was during 10°C, 20°C, 30°C and 40°C. The results were as follows: exhaust temperature of compressor increases gradually with the increase of tank temperature, but the temperature difference between exhaust temperature of compressor and tank temperature becomes little; temperature difference in evaporator decreases; Compressor outlet pressure increases obviously.
The Identification of Single-Line-to-Ground Fault in Neutral Un-Effectively Earthed System
Authors: Dong Feng Xiang , Tang Chao Guo , Yuan Zheng , Zhang Wen Hai
Published: September 2013

The correct and reliable identification of SLG(single-line-to-ground) fault is the foundation of starting the fault line selection and location device in neutral un-effectively earthed system. The traditional method based on the zero sequence voltage is invalid when the fault happens with high impedance, because the zero sequence voltage in bus is small. So a new algorithm based on the variation of voltage including the zero sequence voltage and phase voltages is proposed. The algorithm is not affected by the unbalance of system, and the sensitivity and the reliability of the algorithm are considered simultaneously. The algorithm is proved effectively by the large numbers of simulations using PSCAD/EMTDC program.
Study on Solar Photovoltaic Industry Chain Vertical Integration Investment Decisions
Authors: Chen Rong Sheng , Liu Min
Published: September 2013

Five reasons for vertical integration investment are reduction in transaction costs, access to economies of scope, and reduction in risks and damage, upgrading of competitive advantage and strategic profits. Some upstream photovoltaic manufacturing enterprises through analyzing their decision-making behavior for vertical integration of PV industry draw a conclusion that if they invest in their lower counterparts, their vertical integration behavior will come to two effects: competition effects and cooperation effect.
An ICA-Based Audio Feature Fault Detection Method for Transformer Equipments
Authors: Du Shi Bin , Tian Guan Yu , Bai Shu Zhong , Tian Lan
Published: September 2013

Experienced engineers in transformer substation can judge the equipment condition via just listening to the working sounds of electrical equipments. Use audio signal processing applied in engines and other mechanical equipments for reference. A scheme to monitor the working condition of electrical equipments is proposed. Firstly, the basic principles and system structure of this scheme is outlined. It introduces the method of colleting electrical equipments working sounds by Microphone array, because Microphone array form a beam to target the source sound, which can reduce the noise and reverberation. When substation is working, the environmental background interference sounds exist and are independent from electrical working sound. So we can use FastICA algorithm that is based on the largest negentropy to separate the collected sound to several independent source signals. It has the advantage of fast convergence and robust. The simulation result shows this algorithm can effectively separate the multiple independent source signals. The separation accuracy is above 95% for typical sample mixed sounds and the reliability of electrical equipment fault detection system based on audio signal processing is ensured.
Development of the Power Load Modeling System with Denoising and Parameter Identification
Authors: Wang Li Di , Ge Qing Ying , Li Zhe , Nian Tai Gang
Published: September 2013

The power load modeling system is designed with denoising and parameter identification. This system consists of signal acquisition, signal preprocessing, parameter identification, different load modeling methods such as ZIP model and Dynamic modeling. Original signal can be read from Excel file, which is the simulated signal or measurement signal. Then some kinds of denoising methods can be selected, which are mean filtering, medial filtering and wavelet denoising. After being denoised, the load signal is suitable for the parameter identification process. ZIP model is used to simulate the static load model, and the dynamic model is used to simulate the dynamic load model which is changeable during different periods. With the parameter identification and simulation process, measurement power load signal is used in the experiment, the dynamic model is more suitable for the variable load voltage features description.
Impact Analysis of Excitation System Reactive Current Compensation on the Stability of Sichuan Power Grid
Authors: Tang Fan , Ding Li Jie , Zhang Hua , Wang Biao
Published: September 2013

Heffron-Philips model including excitation reactive current compensation (RCC) is set up, impact analysis of RCC on the stability of power system is carried out by theoretical analysis and time domain simulation. Analysis results show that positive RCC increases damping torque while reduces synchronous torque; negative compensation increases synchronizing torque while reduces damping torque, and this phenomenon is more obvious in heavy load. Combined with the actual situation in Sichuan power grid, the role of negative RCC to increase transient stability and provide dynamic reactive power for emergency HVDC power support is analyzed, also negative RCC's influence on the damping characteristics in Sichuan power grid is evaluated.
A Method of Online Topology Adjustment Decision Support for Short-Circuit Current Limitation
Authors: Tang Bi Qiang , Wang Li Wen , Yu Yi Jun , Shi Fei , Feng Shu Hai
Published: September 2013

With the growing scale of power systems in China, short-circuit current levels of power systems have been significantly increasing. Appropriate grid topology adjustment is an effective method for short-circuit current limitation. The specific measures include transmission line outage, transformer outage, etc. In this paper, a practical optimization algorithm of grid topology adjustment is put forward. A weighted comprehensive sensitivity index is adopted to speed up the procedure of adjustment strategy searching. The detailed calculation method of this index for different measure types is presented. And a security & economy assessment is implemented to ensure the feasibility of potential adjustment strategies. Moreover, the framework of an online topology adjustment decision support software based on this optimization algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of the presented method is demonstrated by the test on a large-scale power system.
Theoretical Analysis and Implementation of Novel Self-Adaptive Directional Relay
Authors: Li Rui , Hou Yi Ming , Jiang Zhen , Xu Hao , Miao Shi Hong , Liu Pei
Published: September 2013

This paper introduces a novel comprehensive-sequence components based directional relay to improve the protection performance of the power supply system of important power consumers. Based on the analysis of the characteristic of the phase relationship between the positive-sequence voltage and current in the fault conditions, Active Power Factor is defined to track the loading conditions real-time in the power system. In the proposed technique, the sensitivity of this novel relay is self-compensative by the Comprehensive-sequence components Criteria. Actually, by means of the studies on the characteristic of this novel relay, the proposed technique can be self-adaptive to the loading conditions, suitable for any type of fault and hold their fault direction decision stably.
The Selection of Power Supply Mode Based on Reliability's Social Costs
Authors: Li Rui , Hou Yi Ming , Yan Hui Jun , Miao Shi Hong , Xu Hao , Liu Pei
Published: September 2013

Selecting the power supply mode for important power consumers involves two aspects of reliability and economy. Combining with the power system reliability analysis method and taking full account of each component failure mode and their combination patterns, this paper embarks from the reality, accurately calculated the reliability indices of these power supply modes by minimal-cut sets, and then used the reliability indices to estimate the power losses of the users, finally used the theory of reliability cost-benefit and took the minimizing social costs that consist of reliability costs and outage losses as the goal to compare and analyze the reliability cost and the users outage losses under different power supply modes, obtained the suitable power supply mode for different important level of users.
An Evaluation Method for Power Supply Capability of Distribution System Based on Simplified Grid Structure
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Lei , Ge Shao Yun , Guo Yin Chang , Zhou Li Mei
Published: September 2013

This paper proposes a method to evaluate power supply capability of distribution system considering the connection mode of high voltage network. Firstly, based on the operation mode and load transfer of distribution network, the grid structure is simplified by forming incidence matrices between main transformers and high voltage distribution lines. Then a nonlinear programming model of power supply capability is developed through N-1 contingency analysis of high voltage distribution lines and main transformers, and the power supply capability of a distribution system can be obtained by solving the relevant model. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by a case study.
Study on Resistance of Probe for Solar-Powered Irrigation Device
Authors: Chen Zhi Bin , Liu Xiao Chu , Yao Li , Li Fu Sheng , Zhu Li , Xie Bi Hong , Chen Fang Xuanzi
Published: September 2013

A novel technique using solar power to irrigation was proposed. In order to obtain better sensitivity, small dense probe, single strand copper probe, bifilar winding type probe and rectangular cross section type probe were designed. Through the experiments, the electrical resistance of four kinds of probe structure was determined. Test results show that conductivity of small dense probe is the worst, conductivity of single strand copper probe is better. Graphite content has great influence to probe resistance value, resistance and graphite content in the relationship is not linear.
Comprehensive Assessment of Power Transformer Condition Based on the Fault Tree and the Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Yao Feng , Zhang Zhong Hui , He Le Zhang
Published: September 2013

Transformers state comprehensive assessment to provide the basis for the repair and maintenance of power transformers .Based on the fault tree analysis (FTA) to find out the impact of the failure of the power transformer factors, and the establishment of the index system to assess the state of the power transformer, application 3 scale analytic hierarchy process assessment model for the establishment of the state of the transformer , and thus the transformer state is divided into five levels. Through the classification of the more conducive to the staff to understand the transformer condition, reasonable arrangements for the maintenance plan .Case analysis to prove, based on the comprehensive assessment of the fault tree and power transformer condition of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method is reasonable and effective.
Research on Designing and Modeling of the Hybrid Energy Power Supply System
Authors: Xie Pu , Zhang Su Ning , Cao Man , Li Rui
Published: September 2013

Based on traditional complementary power supply system, the actual wind-PV-diesel hybrid energy supply system comprising three energy sources, namely PV, wind and diesel generations based on dc bus is established. Each of the three energy sources is controlled so as to deliver energy at optimum efficiency. Then the designing and computing modeling of distributed sources such as wind turbines, photovoltaic array and battery is proposed. Models of wind turbines, photovoltaic array and characteristics of the battery, respectively established the mathematical model of them, and then the simulation model is respectively built by PSCAD/EMTDC. So a micro-network experiment and simulation platform is established, which can simulate any power of wind and solar power output characteristics.
Study on Detection Method of Transformer Winding Insulation Defects Based on Lightning Impulse Test
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Ning Zi Sen , Chen Hua Gui , Yi Bo
Published: September 2013

Lightning impulse test for power transformer is a highly theoretical and empirical analysis tests for insulation assessment attaches great importance to the power transformer. Facing the problems of detection and diagnostic method based on lightning impulse test for power transformers, this paper proposes a new method of diagnosing the winding insulation defects using two groups of voltage and current with the half-wave and full-wave. This method treats parts of the lightning impulse voltage and current as the signal source, constructs recognition criterion which is closely related to the voltage and current, and diagnose transformer winding insulation defects. Whether the insulation damage exists in the transformer winding which has passed the lightning impulse test can also be diagnosed by the method.
Research on the Effect of Lightning Oscillatory Wave to Transformer Winding Turn-to-Turn Insulation Fault
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Yi Bo , Chen Guang , Ning Zi Sen
Published: September 2013

This paper has studied the effect of lightning oscillatory wave on transformer winding insulation fault and finds that lightning oscillatory wave can not directly cause the breakdown of turn-to-turn insulation. Even 200 times lightning oscillatory wave applied on turn-to-turn insulation, the breakdown voltage of turn-to-turn winding almost does not change. On the basis of analysis and research about the distribution and function of lightning oscillatory wave, this paper presents that lightning oscillatory wave does not directly cause the breakdown of turn-to-turn insulation, but acts on turn-to-turn insulation in the form of strong electromagnetic force. Due to the vibration and deformation of the winding, it will cause damage to the insulation and lead to inter-turn short circuit or insulation breakdown. Lightning oscillatory wave also has cumulative effect on transformer winding inter-turn insulation.
Research on Designing Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems and Building Integration in Cold Areas
Authors: Ren Nan Nan
Published: September 2013

Taking Changchun area with cold construction characteristics as an example, this paper studies the design of building integrated photovoltaic on rooftop. It proposes some problems for attention in design content and design of building integrated photovoltaic, and puts forward a set of design scheme of villa roof grid-connected system, providing some ideas for similar design in this area for future.
Study on the Methodology Monitoring Transformer Bushing Insulation Defects
Authors: Quan Yu Sheng , Zhang Zong Cheng , Han Shai Gen , Wang Dai Juan
Published: September 2013

Power transformer is the key equipment in power system. In view of the issues of the current bushing monitoring method, a new detection method of bushing insulation defects is proposed in this paper. According to the internal structure of bushing, the internal insulation defects are divided into three categories, including partial moisture, pollution, local insulation defects, the outer insulation of the bushing is equivalent to a resistance chain model. The entire bushing insulation is considered as a parallel between inner insulation and external insulation (inner Insulation is the main). This detection makes uses of the transient voltage measured from the transformer bushing and the transient current measured from the end shield down-lead as the signal source. The reference data dynamically generated is used to diagnosis and distinguish Insulation defects of Transformer bushing, according to the monitoring data of the bushing and the maximum of the reference data, the type of the bushing insulation defect and the severity can be sentenced. A large number of simulation results initially confirmed the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
High Breakdown Voltage GaN Power HEMT on Si Substrate
Authors: Kong Cen , Zhou Jian Jun , Ni Jin Yu , Kong Yue Chan , Chen Tang Sheng
Published: September 2013

GaN high electronic mobility transistor (HEMT) was fabricated on silicon substrate. A breakdown voltage of 800V was obtained without using field plate technology. The fabrication processes were compatible with the conventional GaN HEMTs fabrication processes. The length between drain and gate (Lgd) has a greater impact on breakdown voltage of the device. A breakdown voltage of 800V with maximum current density of 536 mA/mm was obtained while Lgd was 15μm and the Wg was 100μm. The specific on-state resistance of this devices was 1.75 mΩ·cm2, which was 85 times lower than that of silicon MOSFET with same breakdown voltage. The results establish the foundation of low cost GaN HEMT power electronic devices.
Study on the Photosynthetic Efficiency of the Bauhinia blakeana Leaves by Using Photo-Acoustic Tomography Technology
Authors: Lie Gan Wen , Lie Guang Hua , Pan Ding Chao , Ye Long Hua , Li Dong Yu
Published: September 2013

By using a new kind of single-beam normalized photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy (PAS-CT) technology with non-damage detection, the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy and optical absorption properties of green and yellow leaves ofBauhinia blakeanawere studied. The results show that: the photo-acoustic tomography spectroscopy ofBauhinia blakeanaleaves could be obtained from different chopping frequency and different sample positions, and photosynthetic pigment content of their leaves is closely related to their photosynthetic intensity. The more photosynthetic pigment content the leaves ofBauhinia blakeanacontain, the bigger optical absorption coefficient and the higher photosynthetic efficiency they have. The photosynthetic pigment content of the green leaves ofBauhinia blakeanais higher than that of the yellow ones. As a result, the photosynthesis of green leaves is better than that of the yellow ones. According to the results of our research, the photosynthetic efficiency ofBauhinia blakeanacould be improved and its growth time could be effectively controlled to enhance the growth ofBauhinia blakeana. Furthermore, it could play an important role on the development of forestry, and meet the need of forest for 6 billion people. The research showed high science value to the study and applications of the photosynthesis of plants.
A Performance Assessment System of Green Marketing under the Background of Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: Xu Da You , Zhang Jie , Chen Sheng Jie
Published: September 2013

It is mentioned the connotation and characteristics of the green marketing performance. We set up a green marketing performance assessment system, regarding the carbon management as the core. It contains criterion layer, base layer and more than 25 assessment indexes. At last, we give an example to show how to use the system to analyze and assess the green marketing activities.
Study on the Effects of 8 Strains on Growth Promotion and Disease Resistance of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Deng Xiao , Cao En Hui , Wu Chun Yuan , Liu Jing Kun , Li Qin Fen
Published: September 2013

The pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of eight functional strains on growth promotion of tomato and resistance to tomato bacterial wilt. The results indicated that the two strains both Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus megaterium could significantly increase the plant height of tomato; the two strains of Paenibacillus azotoformans and Bacillus laterosporus could significantly improve the stem diameter of tomato; the three strains of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus laterosporus and Paenibacillus azotoformans could significantly increase the average leaf area and chlorophyll contents of Tomato; the four strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Streptomyces microflavus could obviously inhibit occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt. All above results indicated that Paenibacillus polymyxa could not only significantly increase the height, the average leaf area and chlorophyll content of tomato plant, but also could obviously reduce the incidence of tomato bacterial wilt. So this strain can be used as one of core strains to construct multifunctional composite inoculants.
Influence of Backwashing Time on Iron, Manganese, Ammonia and Turbidity Removal Using a Pilot-Scale Biological Filter
Authors: Cheng Qing Feng , Li Dong , Li Xiang Kun , Meng Ling Wei , Zhang Jie
Published: September 2013

Backwashing time is one of the most critical operational parameters for biological filter. In order to investigate the effect of backwashing time on iron, manganese, ammonia and turbidity removal, three backwashing time (5 min, 4 min and 3 min) were adopted. Results showed that the average concentration of total iron, manganese and ammonia in effluent was 0.025 mg/L, 0.007 mg/L, and 0.022 mg/L; 0.012 mg/L, 0.001 mg/L and 0.017 mg/L; 0.013 mg/L, 0.000 mg/L and 0.016 mg/L, respectively, which illustrated varying backwashing time had little influence on the removal efficiency of them. The turbidity in effluent was 0.28 NTU, 0.38 NTU, 0.57 NTU, respectively. The shorter backwashing time, the higher turbidity in effluent. Turbidity was almost completely removed in 0~0.4m of the media. After backwashing, the turbidity in effluent was decreased to less than 1 NTU in 40 min, droped to less than 0.5 NTU in 90 min.
Solid State Fermentation for Chicken Manure Regenerative Feed Containing Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid
Authors: Chen Xiong , Li Qi Yuan , Dai Jun , Wang Zhi
Published: September 2013

Experiments were made to investigate the technology and conditions for producing chicken manure regenerative feed containing poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) under solid-state fermentations (SSF) fromBacillussubtilisCCTCC202048. The maximum γ-PGA production (5.4%) was obtained in the mixed substrates of chicken manure, soybean cake and wheat bran (1:1:0.2 w/w) supplemented with 0.5% glutamic acid and 0.5% citric acid, with initial moisture content 65% and initial pH 8.5 in 250 ml flasks, inoculation at mid-log phase with a 4% inoculum level and cultivation for 48 h at 37°C. Scale-up experiments on the scale of 130 kg also showed that the yield of γ-PGA reached 4.2% and fermentation increased protein content of the solid substrates from 17.5% to 32.8%. These would lay a foundation for lessening the pollution of chicken manure, increasing chicken manure feed efficiency and exploring a late-model feed additive.
Investigation of Removing Iron from Fly Ash
Authors: Han Hong Jing , Chen Yan Guang , Lu Jia , Xu Ting Ting , Jiang Yong Hui , Bai Jia Li
Published: September 2013

Fly ash, as an environmental pollutant, is generated in the process of coal combustion for energy conversion. It has been widely used in so many applications, such as, preparation of zeolite, extracting alumina, and so on. Iron composition has some side-effect on the purity and whiteness of the products prepared form fly ash. In this paper, removal of unburned carbon and iron composition was investigated. The results show that the carbon can be removed completely from fly ash after calcination under 800°C for 2h. Acid leaching was used to remove iron from the fly ash after decarburization. The optimum processing parameter is, hydrochloric acid concentration 5mol·L-1, reaction temperature 80°C and reaction time 2h.
Engineering Design of CAST Process for a Small Town Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Gu Jing Li , Hong Jun , Wan Ling , Zhang Fan , Yuan Nan Nan
Published: September 2013

A process of CAST, designing parameters and characteristics in the water treatment technology was introduced in this paper. The CAST was adopted to treat a scale of 3300m3/d of municipal wastewater and industrial effluent coming from a small town of Huojia county in Henan province. It is an innovative attempt to applied the CAST to a rural sewage treatment in the traditional water treatment field. What is more , after the chemical phosphorus removal and a sufficient reaction in the CAST tank, the effluent quality would ultimately meet level A while others could only meet level B in the state standard discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18919-2002).
Investigation on the Extraction of Aluminum and Iron from Fly Ash by Sodium Carbonate Fusion Method
Authors: Han Hong Jing , Chen Yan Guang , Lu Jia , Yuan Dan Dan , Song Jun , Chen Ying
Published: September 2013

In recent years, utilization of fly ash has gained much attention in public and industry, which will help reduce the environmental burden and enhance economic benefit. In the utilizations of fly ash, the most high value-added applications is extraction of metal elements from fly ash. In this paper, the aluminum and iron extraction was investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results show that the optimum extraction condition was reaction temperature 800 °C, reaction time 3 h, the mass ratio of fly ash to Na2CO3 was 1:1.5.