bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Yvy marae’y»: el conflicto del estado con los pueblos indígenas en Paraguay
Authors: Cerna Villagra Sarah Patricia
Published: January 2021

La Constitución Nacional de 1992 reconoce la existencia de pueblos anteriores a la conformación del Estado paraguayo y, en ese sentido, les otorga una serie de derechos que protegen sus territorios, identidad y cultura. Esta declaración de intenciones constituye un quiebre con respecto al modelo anterior de políticas estatales dominantes y excluyentes hacia los pueblos indígenas. No obstante, los derechos de los pueblos indígenas siguen sin respetarse, y a pesar de los espacios ganados en cuanto a organizaciones sociales y políticas, la lucha continúa en esa búsqueda constante de la tierra sin mal. Este trabajo busca describir la situación actual de los pueblos indígenas a partir de un análisis del acceso a los servicios públicos, la situación económica, la empleabilidad, la discriminación laboral y las políticas públicas. Asimismo, intenta explicar los factores que han influido en la escasa consolidación del movimiento indígena en Paraguay.
Calidad de la democracia en Venezuela
Authors: Levine Daniel H. , Molina V. José Enrique
Published: January 2021

Los debates sobre la democracia en la Venezuela de hoy carecen de una definición común sobre el tema, sobre cómo estudiarlo, e incluso respecto a qué es democracia. El régimen ha sido descrito de muchas formas: democracia participativa, híbrido, mixto, personalista, populista, iliberal, autoritarismo competitivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el nivel de calidad de la democracia en Venezuela, en el marco de una concepción procedimental de la democracia. La evaluación empírica de cinco dimensiones de calidad de la democracia (decisión electoral, participación, respuesta a la voluntad popular, rendición de cuentas y soberanía) revela un nivel bajo en conjunto, con escasa variación entre 2005 y 2010. Los escenarios posibles luego de las elecciones de 2012 incluyen: reforzamiento de las tendencias autoritarias, militarización abierta, liberalización política con fortalecimiento institucional, o volatilidad duradera con conflicto polarizado y debilidad institucional. La salud del presidente Chávez afectará estos escenarios, dado su carácter de factor central unificador de su movimiento y del régimen.
Polarización, desigualdad y ayuda al desarrollo en América latina
Authors: Larrú Ramos José María
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del artículo es estudiar si la ayuda al desarrollo muestra alguna asociación empírica con la polarización de ingresos en América Latina. La hipótesis principal que trata de verificarse es que los flujos de ayuda, focalizados en el decil más bajo de ingresos, podrían producir una menor polarización. Para analizar este posible efecto, primero se inserta la hipótesis en un marco teórico relacionado con el problema de la transferencia, para después definir el indicador de polarización de ingresos y estudiar su evolución en 18 países latinoamericanos entre 1990 y a continuación se analiza la hipótesis mediante una regresión multivariante bajo el estimador del Método Generalizado de los Momentos. El principal resultado es que la ayuda muestra una asociación positiva y significativa con la polarización, lo que se interpreta como una falta de eficacia en su focalización en el decil de menores ingresos o una incapacidad para contrarrestar el aumento de ingresos en los tramos superiores de rentas. Además, la polarización también aparece asociada positivamente con el gasto público y las remesas y negativamente con las transferencias condicionadas en efectivo.
La imagen de Marruecos en la "nueva" literatura catalana, o el poder de la identidad
Authors: Nemes Krisztina
Published: January 2021

La relación entre Marruecos y España tiene una larga historia política y cultural. Este país norteafricano, que tuvo una gran influencia en la política exterior e interior española del siglo XX, también aparece con frecuencia en la literatura española. En las representaciones románticas de la literatura orientalista española, los personajes marroquíes son representaciones estereotipadas del otro, un enemigo o una persona inferior colonizada. El moro no tiene rasgos individuales, es más bien un topos literario retratado desde el punto de vista español, y en la literatura española aún hoy en día, las palabras que representan diferentes etnias marroquíes aparecen sin especificación como sinónimos del moro. Topoi solo puede ser superado por nuevos topoi de alteridad, que pueden ser creados por una nueva generación de escritores de las antiguas colonias. El país y sus habitantes representados por estos escritores es una autorrepresentación capaz de transmitir una imagen más veraz de la realidad que los topoi profundamente arraigados en la tradición literaria europea. Además de ser una de estas nuevas autorrepresentaciones, la novela de Najat El Hachmi es un "documento de identidad" también muy especial, porque fue escrita en catalán por un autor de identidad mixta amazigh-catalán. El último patriarca y el resto de la obra literaria de Hachmi trazan los contornos de un grupo de personas que emigraron de un país árabe a España, pero no son árabes ni intentan convertirse en español. Es un espejo literario de la minoría inmigratoria mas grande de Cataluña, la comunidad amazigh. Es una reflexión profunda sobre el estar en camino del cambio de identidades que representa las realidades de Marruecos y Cataluña en la lengua de identificación elegida por el autor.
Las restricciones en el uso de los predicados estativos en la lengua española
Authors: Némethné Erdélyi Csilla
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el comportamiento de los predicados estativos de la lengua española, en particular su compatibilidad con algunos adverbios, algunas perífrasis verbales y el modo imperativo. Para realizar esto, es necesario distinguir los verbos y predicados de estado de los verbos dinámicos y hacer una clasificación de las situaciones que describen un estado. En conclusión voy a determinar diferentes grupos entre los predicados estativos dependiendo de los diferentes estados descritos.
A fekete maszkulin flâneurség, városi hangtájképek és nemfehér nők hangjai Teju Cole Open city című regényében
Authors: Mózes Dorottya
Published: January 2021

Jelen cikk a fekete maszkulin flâneurség fogalmát körvonalazza: nagyvárosi környezetben vizsgálja a flâneur rasszal és genderrel összefüggő sajátos élményeit, illetve gyakorlatait. A szociolingvisztika társas-konstruktivista poszthumanista megközelítése (Pennycook 2018), a fekete- (Glissant 1989; Crawley 2017) és a hangkultúrával (Stoever 2016; LaBelle 2010, 2018; Voegelin 2010) kapcsolatos tanulmányok megkérdőjelezik a vizualitás, a látható másság kizárólagos kategorizáló szerepét, a rassz és a gender fogalmát pedig (verbális és nem verbális eszközökkel kifejezett) nyelvi, szemiotikai (Kandiah 1998), illetve szonikus (re)konstrukcióként konceptualizálják. A butleri performativitás fogalomhoz kapcsolódóan a rekonstrukció azt jelzi, hogy a beszélők alkotó nyelvi tevékenysége képes újraalkotni, átformálni az adott társadalomban érvényes ideológiai jelentéseket.  A cikk ezen értelmezési kereteket alapul véve a fekete flâneurség szonikus megalkotásának megjelenítésére és problematikájára fókuszál kortárs amerikai író Teju Cole Open City című regényében a főszereplő és narrátor figuráján keresztül. Mivel az elemzés alapvetően a fekete férfinek, Juliusnak a perspektívájára fókuszál, szükségképpen kitér a fekete és a fehér flâneur közötti különbségek komparatív vizsgálatára is. Mindezen szempontokat a városi térhez kapcsolva kutatásom a következő részkérdésekre keresi a választ: (1) mennyiben működnek a városi térben a zenei, szóbeli és más szonikus elemek olyan traumák indexeként, mint a rasszista és patriarchális elnyomás, a gyarmatosítás, az amerikai indián vagy a ruandai genocídium, a nemi erőszak; (2) hogyan találkozik a hang és a tér a rassz és a gender keresztmetszetében, mit árulhatnak el ezek a kapcsolatok a városi helyszínek és szubjektumok akusztikai és társas-társadalmi viszonyairól; (3) hogyan artikulálják a fekete flâneurnek a különböző női figurákhoz és kifejeződési formákhoz fűződő viszonyát, érzéseit a különböző szonikus elemek (a különböző zenei formák, hangok, zajok, beszédtettek és a csend).
PRECIATE: RESEARCH OF THE REASONS FOR FORMING A NEW SOCIAL CLASS IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS
Authors: Belyaev V. I. , Kuznetsova O. V.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of social processes researches connected with the emergence of new social strata — precariat. The characteristic of precariat was represented, also reasons and sources of its organization was submitted: such as informal employment, unfair distribution of revenues between labor and capital, unfair distribution of funds between management and labor itself, modern development forces growth, in particular, digital technologies. The possible consequences of its growth and development are described. The influence of the precariat on social and labor relations and the labor behavior of workers is substantiated. The main ways and approaches to the formation of a methodology for studying interaction of precariat with social and labor relations are outlined. The presented material can be used in the development of methods for conducting research on the problems of transforming the social structure of modern society.
PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF GASIFICATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TUVA
Authors: Kulikova M. P. , Balakina G. F.
Published: January 2021

Based on the analysis of the current situatim with gas supply in the Republic of Tuva (low gas supply to the population, lask of gas based heat generation), the article duscusses possible ways to solve the problem of gas supply to cites, towns and rural settlements of the republic in line with current trends in the development of gasification processes in the regions of Russia. The gas requirements of all categories of consumers: the population, heat generation enterprises, social and household spheres in the region are estimated. The prospects for gas supply in the centext of solving envitonmentae problems are to reduce air pollution in cities and towns. The directions of solving the problem of gasification of Tuva in the long term are substantiated, also considered option for transferring the economy of republic to the main gas supply, construction of an oil product pipeline are considered.

The following effective ways to increase the level of gasification in Tuva are identified: the realization of the potential for gas production from coal deposits, the use of thermal energy from an underground fire and the development of autonomous gasification, which can be carried out during stage I of gasification. At the second stage, it is possible to transfer the economy and social sphere to the main gas supply though the construction of Tuva gas pipeline or the oil product pipeline.
The Finds from the Destroyed Burial of the Pazyryk Culture in the Baragash Village (the Altai Republic)
Authors:   Gorno-Altaisk State University, N. Konstantinov
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of the study of finds originating from the destroyed burial in the village of Baragash (the Shebalino district, the Altai Republic), located in the upper reaches of the Peschanaya river. The burial was destroyed in 2015 during the digging of a trench for the water supply, which passed approximately through the center of the burial mound. During the inspection of the mound, the employees of the Agency for Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Altai Republic collected details of horse equipment, jewelry, household items and weapons. The burial contained bone arrowheads, a bead, plaques made of gold foil, bronze clips, a painted ceramic vessel, a whetstone, and a horn cheekpiece. Fragmentary information about the structural features of the destroyed object, as well as the analysis of items allows us to establish that the complex belongs to the Pazyryk culture of the Scythian time of Altai. The horn cheekpiece found in the burial, decorated with the heads of a wolf and a bird of prey, as well as bronze clips, make it possible to establish the attributing of the object to an early group of Pazyryk sites. The absolute dating of the complex can be tentatively established by the end of the 6th – 5th centuries BC.
Blade Production in the Stone Industry of the Upper Palaeolithic Site Tri Skaly (Western Transbaikalian)
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, V. Tashak , Yu. Antonova ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS
Published: January 2021

In 2015 the investigations on a new multi-layered archaeological site named Tri Skaly started. The analysis of the stone artifacts showed that lithological layers 3–5 contains the homogenous materials‑ typical to the early stage of the Upper Palaeolithic in the Western Transbaikalia. Materials under consideration include such important component of the primary knapping as blades and cores used for blade production. The first results of the investigations showed that the industry of the Tri Skaly site is among the industries combined into Tolbaga Palaeolithic culture which is characterized by the prevailing of the making tools from stone blades. This article is devoted to the consideration of the blade component in the stone industry of the 3–5 lithological layers of the Tri Skaly site which is situated in the central part of the Selenga Highlands. Based on the studies carried out, it has been established that the typology and morphology of the main groups of stone artifacts of the Tri Skaly in most parameters are similar to the materials of such sites of the early Upper Paleolithic of Western Transbaikalia as Tolbaga and the Eastern Podzvonkoy complex. A significantly smaller number of blades of the Tri Skaly is noted in comparison with the ones from Tolbaga and the Eastern Podzvonka complex, converted into tools or used as tools without preliminary retouching. Presumably, this may be due to the specifics of the excavated area, where primary knapping was mainly carried out.
„Mennyit ér” a fenntarthatóság? – Esettanulmány az externális hatások mérésére azok internalizálására (What is sustainability worth? – A case study of measuring and internalizing negative environmental effects of logistics operation)
Authors: Görbe Szabina , Gelei Andrea
Published: January 2021

A fenntarthatóság központi kérdés a gazdálkodástudományban, ezen belül a logisztikában, hiszen a környezetre rótt szennyezésben e vállalati működési területnek is jelentős a szerepe. A szerzők dolgozata egy konkrét hazai esettanulmány segítségével vizsgálja a kérdéskört. Azt elemzik, vajon egy, az Európai Unióban is új kamiontípus (az ún. EuroCombi) alkalmazása a logisztikai folyamatokban milyen externális hatásokkal jár. Elemzésükben kísérletet tesznek ezeknek az externális hatásoknak a pénzben kifejezett mérésére. Azért fontos mindez, mert e mérés és számszerűsítés nélkül lehetetlen ezeknek a hatásoknak az internalizálása, vagyis belsővé tétele. Így mérés nélkül sem az érintett vállalatok tulajdonosai, sem azok belső döntéshozói, de a külső szabályozó szereplők sem tudják bevonni e hatásokat gazdasági döntéseikbe. Ez a mérés nem egyszerű feladat, de nem is lehetetlen. Mindenképpen alapját, előfeltételét képezi azonban annak, hogy ilyen jellegű döntéseknél az érintettek a társadalmi, környezeti érdekeket is érvényesíteni tudják. ____ Sustainability is a key issue today both for practitioners and researchers. This is true especially for logisticians. Logistics is a function that has a significant CO2 emission and also destructs transportation infrastructure that burden our environment. The article is focusing on these issues with the help of a Hungarian case study. It analysis the effect of applying a new, long and heavy type of truck, called EuroCombi. It presents a methodology usable for measuring these negative external effects in Forint. Without proper measurement internalization of costs these externalities generate is impossible. As it will be presented in details, such a measurement is although not very easy but achievable.
“SOU PRETO PORQUE MINHA MÃE É PRETA”: OLHARES SOBRE A INFÂNCIA E SUAS CORES
Authors: Santos Caroline Delfino dos
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho objetivo analisar os discursos construídos por crianças do pré-escolar em relação à questão racial, com ênfase sobre a negritude enquanto marca identitária. Embora ainda pequenas, as crianças vão elucidando por meio de suas narrativas o reconhecimento de seu pertencimento à população negra, se identificando positivamente em relação a sua cor e raça. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa fundamentou-se na observação participante, com perfil qualitativo. Em seus discursos as crianças revelam orgulho de sua cor e já compreendam a necessidade de defenderem sua identidade racial. Observamos, assim, a importância de uma maior representatividade negra nas mídias e demais ferramentas de grande alcance popular. Os resultados apontaram que os movimentos sociais negros, as legislações vigentes a favor da diversidade, bem como as produções literárias com protagonismo de pessoas negras, vêm contribuindo para o processo de autorreconhecimento e autoafirmação da criança negra.
GÊNERO E EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UMA PESQUISA DOCUMENTAL DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS FEDERAIS
Authors: Bonilha Luana Barbarelli , Lima Luciana Pereira de
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um levantamento e análise de políticas públicas federais brasileiras que abordam questões de gênero na Educação Infantil. O levantamento de dados ocorreu no site do Ministério da Educação, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2019, onde foram selecionados 56 documentos. A pesquisa foi realizada à luz dos pressupostos metodológicos da pesquisa documental, por meio da qual constatou-se que apenas três documentos abordam diretamente a temática gênero. Os dados referentes a estes documentos foram analisados qualitativamente e categorizados, buscando-se discutir o (não) lugar do gênero nas legislações, publicações e programas educacionais. Concluiu-se que as questões de gênero encontram-se quase invisibilizadas pelas e nas políticas públicas da Educação Infantil e, nesse sentido, reconhece-se a importância de fomentar as produções científicas nessa área, visando ampliar a discussão de gênero em contextos escolares e incentivar a inclusão do tema nos documentos legais brasileiros.
From the Editor
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: January 2021

The editor introduces the topics of this special issue on optometric education.
Some Memorable Faculty Members at Pacific University College of Optometry in the Early 1970s
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: January 2021

This article continues discussion of optometry faculty at Pacific University in the early 1970s. Part 1 profiled Charles Margach, O.D., M.S., Colin Pitblado, Ph.D., and Don West, O.D.; Part 2 presented notes on John Gerke, Ph.D., Margaret Gilbert, Ph.D., Mort Gollender, Ph.D., Leonard Levine, Ph.D., Jurgen Meyer-Arendt, M.D., Ph.D., Theodore Oakberg, Ph.D., Oscar Richards, Ph.D., and Frank Thorn, Ph.D.; and Part 3 provided brief bios of Bradford Wild, O.D., Ph.D., Earle Hunter, O.D., and Richard Septon, O.D., M.S.1-3 Considered first in this part will be some of the optometrists whose instructional duties were mostly in the classroom and laboratory. The latter part of this article will present notes on a few of the part-time faculty who worked in the clinic.
News
Authors: Wolf Kelsey
Published: January 2021

Includes memoriams of Irving Bennett, O.D., James Boucher, O.D., and C. Clayton Powell, O.D., as well as a call for nominations for the 2021 National Optometry Hall of Fame.
Technology Training and Empowerment for the Visually Impaired: Kenya Perspective
Authors: Were Charles Michael
Published: January 2021

A key goal of education for any country is to make sure that every pupil has a chance to excel, both in school and life. Increasingly, a child’s success in school will determine his success as an adult; will determine whether he/she goes to college, what profession that he/she enters and how much they are paid. Kenya’s education system has laid emphasis on a cluster of science subjects that must be passed for one to be placed in a meaningful course at tertiary level, university and finally employment. The Visually impaired child has been disadvantaged and this  study therefore  tried  to   investigate why there are more street beggars who are  Visually  impaired as compared  to other  persons  with disabilities in the Kenyan major towns. The study was conducted in the three towns within Kenya, namely: Kisumu, Nakuru and Nairobi. The study population was 145, and a purposive sampling was used to select the 60 respondents. The study found that the Visually impaired persons who were beggars on the street had basic education at primary level and some had form four certificate, however they had failed to gain any meaningful employment due to the growing need of technology in the work place and the increasing interest in the role of information and communication technologies for one to be employed. The study also found that as much as there is an increasing effort by the Government to have computer studies for all schools in Kenya. The Jaw’s programme is lacking in those computers and therefore the visually impaired learners have not had an access to computer education and hence the mass influx of beggars.  The study recommends that of the schools where the Visually impaired learners are in inclusive education, there should be at least two computers with a Jaw programme to help the Visually impaired have an access in computer literacy and hence employment opportunity. The study also recommends that the street beggars with form four educations should be given vocational training with information technology so as to empower them with the current basic skills to compete favourable with other job seekers.
Housing Affordability In Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis Of Beneficiaries And Non-Beneficiaries Of Organized Private Sector Housing
Authors: Adegoke Samson Akinbamide Omobayo
Published: January 2021

Housing delivery in Nigeria has been dominated by the On-Site-Builders, each building incrementally as private individual for his household. The need to take advantage of economy of scale in housing delivery to enhance affordability led to the emergence of Organized Private Sector Housing Delivery in Nigeria. Despite this initiative, the majority of the people are not accessing housing from the Organized Private Sector Housing Developers, still employing their incremental housing approach. This study is therefore a comparative analysis of housing affordability of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of Organized Private Sector Housing Delivery in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The respondents, beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Ten percent of beneficiaries’ household heads were selected from the occupied houses (19500) in the estates. The respondents among the non-beneficiaries were selected among the occupied housing units within 1km radius of the houses around each of the sampled estates until equal numbers of respondents from beneficiaries was selected, where possible. Thus, there were 1,950 and 1,332 number of respondents among beneficiaries and no-beneficiaries respectively. The structured questionnaire administered on the heads of households’ elicited information on demographic characteristics (age, sex, household size, etc) and housing affordability variables such as (household income, housing expenditure, access to mortgage, other non-housing expenditure, etc). The questionnaire administered on Organized Private Sector Housing Developers (OPSHDs) seeks information on types of houses produced, selling prices, sales terms, among others. We rely on affordability rating scale of: normal ≤30%; tolerable 30.1-50% and stressed ≥50% to measure and compare housing affordability of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. They study revealed that while about 42% of beneficiaries fall within normal housing affordability, about 76% of non-beneficiaries are in that category. About 37% of beneficiaries are in tolerable housing affordability category while only about 16% of non-beneficiaries are there. Those under varying degrees of housing affordability stress are about 21% and 8% among beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. The major policy implication of the findings is that direct support to non-beneficiaries – the On-Site-Builders by government, through serviced plots and mortgage facility may be a more veritable approach for resolving the current housing crisis in the country.
Perception Of Witchcraft Practice In Oredo Local Government Area Of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwatu Uche Louisa , Ebue Malachy Okechukwu , Iwuagwu Anthony Obinna , Ene Jacinta Chibuzor , Odo Casmir Obinna
Published: January 2021

Africa has long standing history of complex phenomenal as they relate to belief system, especially in the existence and powers of witches which pervades every segment of the society. This study is designed to ascertain the perception of witchcraft practice in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo state, Nigeria. The study used a cluster/multi stage random sample of 30 residents of Oredo Local Government Area whom were interviewed using FGDs and in-depth interviews to elicit information on the perception and practice of witchcraft in Edo state, Nigeria. Data generated were content analyzed and the result shows that majority of the respondent were of the opinion that witchcraft is widely practiced in Edo state and it has negative implications to victims. They emphasized its human right implications, noting that it could result in total violation of rights. Results further show that witchcraft accusation is gender biased as women (elderly) are mostly the victims of witchcraft accusation against their male counterparts, thereby raising concerns on gender based discrimination as well as human right violation respectively. It becomes highly imperative that social workers and other human rights professionals should raise awareness on the existence of these problems and carryout necessary advocacy, influencing the government to enact and enforce stronger laws and strategies to address all aspects of this issue.
Marketing and Rural Entrepreneurship in Amealco, actions to improve the situation of artisans
Authors: Velázquez Hernández Jorge Arturo , Alonso Chombo Rosalía , Romero Zepeda Jorge Adán
Published: January 2021

Currently, marketing is a tool that helps entrepreneurs to promote their products and improve the situation they have in the business sector based on the various tools that exist to optimize their image and sales. This research aims to elucidate the importance of marketing in the professional development of artisans in the municipality of Amealco. It seeks to recognize that micro and small businesses dedicated to the sale of handicrafts need to make adequate and efficient use of the various marketing tools that exist to improve their current situation. The results obtained in the field work allowed us to observe that the architects have basic knowledge on this subject, but require help to improve and achieve that their image, positioning and sales gradually increase to such a degree that they can consolidate in the labor market. Finally,
Neoliberal Globalization, Human Trafficking, and Human Security in Japan
Authors: Uddin M. Bashir
Published: January 2021

The issues of human trafficking and human security have been inadequately addressed in the study of political economy. How and whose human security could be assessed when considering political economy of human trafficking? This paper investigates this question, especially how contemporary globalization causes human exploitation that exacerbates human insecurity. Trafficking is a global phenomenon, the origin of which could be found in the global capitalist system. This paper examines human trafficking against the backdrop of this system that is enhanced by neoliberal globalization. While debate on prostitution, migration, criminal approach, and human rights has been at the center of anti-trafficking literature and policy initiatives in Asia, the paper argues that  human trafficking is the result of human insecurity and vice versa, which could be better explained through global political economy, particularly in Japan.
Super-hard coatings deposited under conditions of the dynamic shock wave and measurement features of control parameters during production
Authors: Kuzmin Oleg
Published: January 2021

Super-hard coatings are of increasing scientific interest as they allow synthesizing materials with unique physical and chemical properties for further application in the industry at high-speed processing or tooling. This study is aimed to investigate tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films, as well as the dependence of the pulsation parameters on the irradiation parameters and the potential of such pulsations to be further applied in practice. The article shows that ta-C films are completely amorphous and have up to 85% of sp3 bonds. Deposited films are characterized by high compression stresses ranging within 8-10 GPa. The possibilities of reducing these stresses by thermal and pulsed laser annealing have been examined. The formation of ripples in super-hard ta-C films were studied by applying femtosecond laser pulses with a wavelength of 775 nm, an average wavelength of 387 nm, and the pulse duration of 150 fs. Obtained results demonstrated that the orientation of the pulsations on smooth surfaces is perpendicular to the vector of the electric field of the linearly polarized laser beam. Besides, the period of pulsation reduces with decreasing the laser wavelength and/or increasing the angle of laser beam incidence on the substrate.
A powerful numerical technique for treating twelfth-order boundary value problems
Authors: Amin Rohul , Shah Kamal , Khan Imran , Asif Muhammad , Abualnaja Kholod M. , Mahmoud Emad E. , Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem
Published: January 2021

In this article, a fast algorithm is developed for the numerical solution of twelfth-order boundary value problems (BVPs). The Haar technique is applied to both linear and nonlinear BVPs. In Haar technique, the twelfth-order derivative in BVP is approximated using Haar functions, and the process of integration is used to obtain the expression of lower-order derivatives and approximate solution for the unknown function. Three linear and two nonlinear examples are taken from literature for checking the convergence of the proposed technique. A comparison of the results obtained by the present technique with results obtained by other techniques reveals that the present method is more effective and efficient. The maximum absolute and root mean square errors are compared with the exact solution at different collocation and Gauss points. The convergence rate using different numbers of collocation points is also calculated, which is approximately equal to 2.
Erratum to “Conserved vectors with conformable derivative for certain systems of partial differential equations with physical applications”
Authors: Kumari Pinki , Gupta R. K. , Kumar Sachin , Qurashi Maysaa Mohamed Al
Published: January 2021

This erratum corrects the typing mistakes of the article “Conserved vectors with conformable derivative for certain systems of partial differential equations with physical applications,” published in Open Physics 2020;18(1):164–9, https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0127.
Modèles logiques de la structure élémentaire de la signification: Templum, prisme sémiotique, carré sémiotique, cube sémiotique et autres
Authors: Hébert Louis , Poirier-Roy Arthur
Published: January 2021

La sémiotique a inventé ou utilisé plusieurs modèles logiques pour représenter la structure élémentaire de la signification. Le carré sémiotique est sans doute l’un des plus célèbres de ces modèles. Il faut se demander, devant l’importance des phénomènes triadiques, si les modèles dyadiques sont (toujours) adaptés à leur description ou s’il ne faudrait pas se tourner (aussi) vers des modèles triadiques. Or, les modèles triadiques de la structure élémentaire de la signification nous apparaissent bien moins nombreux. À notre connaissance, seule la sémiotique de Peirce et le templum de Boudon occupent cet espace autrement laissé vacant. Nous voulons ici à la fois présenter et exemplifier le templum et le compléter, en nous inspirant du carré sémiotique, pour le faire évoluer vers un « prisme sémiotique ». Nous proposerons également d’autres modèles logiques, comme le pentalemme et le cube sémiotiques. Au passage, nous étudierons plusieurs questions et problèmes – dont la décidabilité – entourant les modèles logiques. Nous ferons quelques applications sommaires de certains modèles, sur le temps, l’espace et la transcendance principalement.
Media framing of the impact of COVID-19 in nursing homes. A content analysis of the identification and management of the problem
Authors:   Universidad de Almería, Muyor Rodríguez Jesús
Published: January 2021

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older people is being especially significant. The nursing homes, in particular, have become a set of enormous relevance. In this context, the media have increased their expansion, being crucial as channels of information. This article analyzes the Spanish press's media treatment on the news that links COVID-19 with residences for the elderly. We are interested in exploring how to perceive and define the COVID-19 pandemic as a social problem in the context of nursing homes. We perform a content analysis, with a qualitative approach, using the NVivo software. A total of 339 news items from the four primary generalist media were analyzed. On the one hand, the main results indicate the predominance of journalistic content that alludes to the failure of residential care as a model of care and protection for the elderly. On the other hand, responsibility for reversing the situation is attributed to the political and institutional sphere, minimizing the centers themselves' decision-making capacity and autonomy.
Comprehensive care in out-of-hospital care emergency in València
Authors:   Hospital La Ribera, Ripoll Sanchis Laura , Camús Jorques Desirée ,   Universidad de Valencia, Ballesta Benavent Malena ,   Hospital La Ribera
Published: January 2021

The present article focuses on detecting the need for comprehensive care in out-of-hospital emergencies in Valencia. In addition, it aims to determine the need to carry out the social and health coordination essential for this purpose. It is a qualitative exploratory study of phenomenological type where a semi-structured ad-hoc interview answered by professionals of out-of-hospital emergencies has been used for data collection. The results show that comprehensive care in out-of-hospital emergency services does not yet exist in Valencia, despite the benefits demonstrated in other autonomous communities on the biopsychosocial well-being of the population and emergency service personnel. The personnel of out-of-hospital emergency services express the need for comprehensive out-of-hospital care in Valencia to be able to assist the population in a holistic manner, covering all the needs presented by individuals, families or groups, including the needs of emergency care personnel. It is essential to take political measures that make social and health care coordination possible through common protocols and procedures among health care, management and political personnel.
Social Intervention in the workplace: contributions to the inclusion of vulnerable groups
Authors:   ULHT, Ferreira Paula
Published: January 2021

Discussing the role of Social Work in the context of current job vulnerabilities and investing on an intervention that promotes equal opportunities among all workers and defends their fundamental rights requires that Social Workers have a thorough reading of the complexity of the world in which we live and a understanding of the challenges and possibilities that arise for your intervention in this field. In this recognition, we seek in this paper to reflect on some of the main vulnerabilities present in the field of labor relations, as well as the challenges (external and internal) that they pose to the professional exercise of social worker and in the configuration of his space of work in the work context, leaving still some contributions towards the inclusion of the most vulnerable groups.
Social Work and gay identity: An experience of intervention with groups in a capacity of vulnerability to HIV/STD from the actions of the Programa Compañeros, A.C.
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez/Programa Compañeros, A.C./Asociación de Trabajadoras(es) Sociales Egresados de la UACJ, Jácome Santos Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2021

The following is a text that briefly introduces the author's experience as a social worker from Programa Compañeros, A.C., a civil society organization in Juarez City, Mexico, which since 1986 has been working on HIV prevention through peer counselors. In this paper, the author tells us how his work was based on professional knowledge (training in Social Work) hand in hand with knowledge derived from the assumption of sexual identity and how these two elements helped to perform good interventions with men of gay identity, therefore, we talk about the different actions taken to prevent HIV transmission in this population by using the Face-to-Face methodologies and the Personalized Cognitive Counseling methodologies applied from the guidance and peer learning. Other aspects such as the Human Rights framework applied in Social Work and some reflections are also addressed.
Cuarta parte. Pensar el medio ambiente: un desafío en américa latina. Capítulo 15. Una mirada ambiental a la Alianza del Pacifico
Authors: Sara Patricia Quintero Cordero , Alexander Fula López
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad, la Seguridad Ambiental ha ganado colonizado un especio importante en la agenda doméstica e internacional de los gobiernos del mundo. Desde de la década de los años 90´s el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) introdujo el concepto de la Seguridad Humana, con el cual se propende a incorporar nuevas amenazas distintas a las tradicionales que obedecían a la lógica de los años de la Guerra Fría, donde predominó el enfoque hacia el poder militar (Pérez de Armiño, 2006). De este modo, empiezan a incorporarse nuevos aspectos sobre seguridad antes aspectos como los temas ambientales. En el marco hemisférico, existe una inquietud permanente, entre los Estados americanos, por la Seguridad Ambiental. Particularmente, los países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP)1*, han declarado que… Nuestro reconocimiento de que el cambio climático constituye uno de los mayores desafíos globales, que requiere de acciones concretas de parte de todos, y nuestro compromiso de actuar para hacerle frente de conformidad con el principio de las responsabilidades comunes pero diferenciadas y las capacidades respectivas (Alianza del Pacifico, 2014)
Segunda parte. Experiencias locales en medio ambiente y sostenibilidad. Capítulo 9. Conflictos socioambientales y deterioro de la salud colectiva en la cuenca del río Tunjuelo
Authors: Giovanni Mora Lemus
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre los conflictos socio-ambientales en la cuenca alta y media del rio Tunjuelo y el concomitante deterioro de la salud colectiva de sus pobladores. Para tal fin, primero, se hace una breve ubicación histórica sobre la construcción del conflicto ambiental y sanitario. Luego, se analiza el proceso de urbanización y los efectos sobre la depredación de la cuenca media (actual localidad de Tunjuelito) y la salud de sus habitantes. Se pasa revista a algunas afectaciones antrópicas, hechas por el Estado al río en la parta Alta. Se analiza las causas y consecuencias ambientales y sanitarias del relleno sanitario ubicado en este mismo territorio, a unos metros de veredas y barrios de las localidades de Usme y Ciudad Bolívar. Por último, se rescata la memoria colectiva de las luchas que sectores sociales han hecho a lo largo de los últimos años, reivindicando el derecho a un ambiente sano.
Cuarta parte. Pensar el medio ambiente: un desafío en américa latina. Capítulo 16. Desafíos para la construcción de una agenda ambiental en el regionalismo. El caso de la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: María Eugenia Vega , Hadrien Lafosse
Published: January 2021

En un contexto internacional marcado por la creciente complejidad de los fenómenos de carácter interméstico, es menester contribuir a la discusión de los problemas ambientales desde una perspectiva que considere plausible el tratamiento de sus consecuencias indeseadas. En el caso de América Latina, es por demás evidente lo crucial de la problemática con economías predominantemente agrícolas y aunque es innegable que estos aspectos afectan al planeta en su totalidad, son precisamente los habitantes de los países en desarrollo los más vulnerables a sus efectos ya que dependen -directa o indirectamente- de actividades primarias para su supervivencia y bienestar (Renner, 2004). Desde esta perspectiva, emergen como variables a considerar, la intrínseca relación entre cambio climático, biodiversidad1* y desarrollo sustentable, por cuanto el cambio climático acelera la pérdida de diversidad biológica mientras que el desarrollo sustentable puede ser considerado como un modelo social que, basándose en el respeto por el ecosistema, busca un nivel de crecimiento que se pueda soste- ner en el tiempo2**, de manera que hoy en día es considerado como un paradigma del desarrollo que exige cambios en la conducta humana con la intensión coherente de una visión de desarrollo económico y social desde una perspectiva ecológica. Es decir, esta relación incluye -entre otras tantas- cuestiones tan álgidas para Latinoamérica como la reducción de la pobreza y la garantía de la seguridad alimentaria.
Phraseological structures in Hermann Kinder’s autobiographical novel „Der Weg allen Fleisches“ (2014)
Authors: Thienel Christian
Published: January 2021

Hermann Kinder’s novel contains a conspicuous number of phraseological elements, which is unusual for the writing style of this author. The article describes the accumulation of phraseological and idiomatic material and its usage as a literary stylistic resource. The analysis focuses on the relation of the linguistic appearance and the aesthetic function of the phraseologisms. Therefore, the article intends to contribute to an interdisciplinary method of interpretation, linking linguistic and literary studies. It also includes psychoanalytic concepts to describe the author’s specific linguistic expression of his autobiographical experience of illness. The aesthetic function of the phraseologisms and idiomatic phrases changes in relation to the novel’s progress. In the beginning, collocations increase the cohesion of the text in order to create an image of health. When the disease becomes more and more evident, the emotional affection of the protagonist is being controlled by formulistic linguistic elements. In addition, the author unmasks the pragmatic automatism of the medical language and the failure of its empathetic function by ironically evoking the ambiguity of idiomatic phrases. As a contrast, the narrator refers back to a comforting symbolic language by using linguistic patterns of fairy tales as an imitation of phraseological components. As a result, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of phraseological material in this literary pathobiography seems to provide a linguistic space of shelter for the suffering protagonist. The context-related, varying usage of phraseologisms in this text also seems to linguistically reflect a collective, culturally overarching psychosomatic experience of illness.
Review of a Basic Phraseological Vocabulary – an Explorative Data Analysis
Authors: Hoffmann Lea
Published: January 2021

This article addresses the question of which possibilities and limitations of frequency-based studies on the relevance of multi-word expressions open up for applied purposes. For this purpose, the corpus Ref10 of the project Wortschatzwissen.de was exploratively examined. After the development of a category system for multi-word expressions, a sample of the corpus was examined and assigned to the different categories. Subsequently, the identified multi-word expressions were compared with a phrase list of Hallsteinsdóttir, Šajánková & Quasthoff (2006). Findings suggest that the proportion of collocations is particularly high in all subcorpora and that, in addition, idioms and light verb constructions are predominant. Moreover, a large proportion of the idioms identified in the Ref10 corpus sample does not occur at all or occurs only partially, i.e. in an unlisted variant, in the phraseological optimum of Hallsteinsdóttir, Šajánková & Quasthoff (2006). This raises above all the question of how phrase variance is to be evaluated in corpus analyses and to what extent corpus linguists should rely only on basic vocabulary from the perspective of Applied linguistics.
On the Synonymy of Person-Identifying One-Word Idioms – An Analysis on the Example of Angsthase and its Synonyms
Authors: Kałasznik Marcelina
Published: January 2021

The subject of this article are selected German one-word idioms that describe the human trait of anxiety. At the center of the investigation is the question of the synonymy of the phraseologisms to be analyzed. The aim of the study is to show to what extent the analyzed phraseological units can be regarded as synonymous and consequently as interchangeable. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data taken from the DeReKo. The background to the research on this question is provided by considerations over the definition of single-word idioms, which aim to show that, despite their monolexicality, German single-word idioms should be included in the subject area of phraseology. For this, various arguments are presented and discussed in the theoretical part of the article. The appearance of the synonyms in the lexicon is then explained in more detail, and the manner in which the synonymy is manifested in the phraseolexicon is also discussed. It is pointed out that phraseological units can be synonymous both with one another and with other units of the lexicon. However, it should be noted that only the first perspective of the synonymy of phraseological units is examined in the article.
Frequency and Determinants of Spontaneous Conversion to Sinus Rhythm in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Recent-onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pluymaekers Nikki AHA , Hermans Astrid NL , Linz Dominik K , Dudink Elton AMP , Luermans Justin GLM , Weijs Bob , Vernooy Kevin , Crijns Harry JGM
Published: January 2021

The exact frequency and clinical determinants of spontaneous conversion (SCV) in patients with symptomatic recent-onset AF are unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the frequency and determinants of SCV of AF in patients presenting at the emergency department. A comprehensive literature search for studies about SCV in patients presenting to the emergency department with AF resulted in 25 articles – 12 randomised controlled trials and 13 observational studies. SCV rates range between 9–83% and determinants of SCV also varied between studies. The most important determinants of SCV included short duration of AF (<24 or <48 hours), low number of episodes, normal atrial dimensions and absence of previous heart disease. The large variation in SCV rate and determinants of SCV was related to differences in duration of the observation period, inclusion and exclusion criteria and in variables used in the prediction models.