bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cartografías de la cotidianidad: Un estudio de la serie barrio/escuela/sujetos en contextos de pobreza urbana
Authors: Grinberg Silvia
Published: November 2020

Enmarcado en los debates de los estudios de la cotidianidad, este artículo presenta una discusión conceptual y metodológica de la noción de cartografía a través de resultados de una investigación desarrollada en la intersección escuela/barrio/sujetos en contextos pobreza urbana de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA). La tarea de cartografiar se propone como un acercamiento metodológico capaz de captar lo múltiple, necesariamente selectivo, parcial y nunca exhaustivo. Una analítica de series en las líneas de la cotidianeidad: el deseo de vida, la voluntad de aprender, la precariedad urbana a través textos, fotos, mapas, videos, rap, entre otros artefactos de investigación, se ensamblan como retazos de historias que dialogan entre sí. Una metodología anfibia capaz de generar datos donde el mapa, la información estadística y la producción audiovisual o artística conforman un plano de cuerpos, objetos y sonidos situados. Un reservorio metodológico para acercarse al mundo multisensorial donde no hay buenas/malas, sino metodologías poderosas y mixtas. Mapear, en suma, es prolongar una singularidad, hasta el entorno de la otra, producir una configuración de acontecimientos, una conjunción de singularidades; esto es una cartografía anfibia del devenir de la vida diaria de los asentamientos precarios del sur global.
Coping with the Challenges of COVID-19 Using the Sociotype Framework: A Rehearsal for the Next Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China, Peng Wen , Berry Elliot M. ,   Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem Israel
Published: November 2020

The world, as a global village, is currently taking part in a real-time public health, medical, socio-cultural, and economic experiment on how best to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Extraordinary times demand extraordinary measures. Depending on the time from the outbreak, strategies have ranged from minimal intervention to mitigation by quarantine for high-risk groups (elderly with chronic illnesses) to containment and lockdown. Adherence to such restrictions have depended on the individual and national psyche and culture. One can understand and forgive governments for being over-cautious, but not for being ill-prepared. It seems that Singapore after SARS (2003) and South Korea after MERS (2015) learnt from their experiences and have fared relatively well with minimal disruption to daily routines. Coping with the challenge of COVID-19 is an urgent global task. We use the Sociotype ecological framework to analyze different coping responses at three levels: Context (government and leadership, social context, health services, and media); Relationships; and the Individual. We describe the many negative outcomes (e.g. mortality [obviously], unemployment, economic damage, food insecurity, threat to democracy, claustrophobia) and the positive ones (e.g. new, remote teaching, working, and medical routines; social bonding and solidarity; redefining existential values and priorities) of this surreal situation, which is still evolving. We highlight the importance of humor in stress reduction. Regular and reliable communication to the public has to be improved, acknowledging incomplete data, and learning to deal with fake news, misinformation, and conspiracy theories. Excess mortality is the preferred statistic to follow and compare outcomes. When the health risks are over, the economic recovery responses will vary according to the financial state of countries. If world order is to be reshaped, then a massive economic aid plan should be launched by the rich countries—akin to the Marshall plan after the Second World War. It should be led preferably by the USA and China. The results of the tradeoffs between health and economic lockdowns will only become apparent in the months to come. The experiences and lessons learned from this emergency should be used as a rehearsal for the next epi-/pandemic, which will surely take place in the foreseeable future.
Educational Attainment Model for Children: Differential Impact of Parents' Education Level for Children Who Lived with Both Parents or Not
Authors: Christensen Eric W.
Published: November 2020

This study is a modification of the Kane, Spizman, and Donelson, (2013) model for educational attainment of children. The primary modification is to provide separate models for children who lived with both parents compared to those who did not to allow for differential impacts of family characteristics by household type on the children's educational attainment. The study also (1) captures five additional years of educational attainment data that were not available for the Kane, et al., (2013) study, (2) does not impose a functional form on some of the independent variables, (3) modifies the model to facilitate the inclusion of observations for which some data are missing, and (4) provides estimates for the average age at the time various degrees are obtained. The results show that the education levels of both parents are impactful for the educational attainment of children who lived with both parents and that there is no statistical difference between the impact of mother's and father's education level. In contrast, the results show the relatively greater impact of the mother's compared to the father's educational level on the educational attainment of children in households that did not include both parents.
Is the near-spherical shape the “new black” for smoke?
Authors: Gialitaki Anna , Tsekeri Alexandra , Amiridis Vassilis , Ceolato Romain , Paulien Lucas , Kampouri Anna , Gkikas Antonis , Solomos Stavros , Marinou Eleni , Haarig Moritz , Baars Holger , Ansmann Albert , Lapyonok Tatyana , Lopatin Anton , Dubovik Oleg , Groß Silke , Wirth Martin , Tsichla Maria , Tsikoudi Ioanna , Balis Dimitris
Published: November 2020

Abstract. We examine the capability of near-spherical-shaped particles to reproduce the triple-wavelength particle linear depolarization ratio (PLDR) and lidar ratio (LR) values measured over Europe for stratospheric smoke originating from Canadian wildfires. The smoke layers were detected both in the troposphere and the stratosphere, though in the latter case the particles presented PLDR values of almost 18 % at 532 nm as well as a strong spectral dependence from the UV to the near-IR wavelength. Although recent simulation studies of rather complicated smoke particle morphologies have shown that heavily coated smoke aggregates can produce large PLDR, herein we propose a much simpler model of compact near-spherical smoke particles. This assumption allows for the reproduction of the observed intensive optical properties of stratospheric smoke, as well as their spectral dependence. We further examine whether an extension of the current Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) scattering model to include the near-spherical shapes could be of benefit to the AERONET retrieval for stratospheric smoke cases associated with enhanced PLDR. Results of our study illustrate the fact that triple-wavelength PLDR and LR lidar measurements can provide us with additional insight when it comes to particle characterization.
Source Apportionment of Carbonaceous Aerosols in Beijing with
Radiocarbon and Organic Tracers: Insight into the Differences
between Urban and Rural Sites
Authors: Hou Siqi , Liu Di , Xu Jingsha , Vu Tuan V. , Wu Xuefang , Srivastava Deepchandra , Fu Pingqing , Li Linjie , Sun Yele , Vlachou Athanasia , Moschos Vaios , Salazar Gary , Szidat Sönke , Prévôt André S. H. , Harrison Roy M. , Shi Zongbo
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosol is the dominant component of fine particles in Beijing. However, it is challenging to apportion its sources. Here, we applied a newly developed method which combined radiocarbon (14C) with organic tracers to apportion the sources of fine carbonaceous particles at an urban (IAP) and a rural (PG) site of Beijing. PM2.5 filter samples (24-h) were collected at both sites from 10 November to 11 December 2016 and from 22 May to 24 June 2017. 14C was determined in 25 aerosol samples (13 at IAP and 12 at PG) representing low pollution to haze conditions. Biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan) in the samples were also determined using GC-MS. Higher contributions of fossil-derived OC (OCf) were found at the urban site. OCf to OC ratio decreased in the summer samples (IAP: 67.8 ± 4.0 % in winter and 54.2 ± 11.7 % in summer; PG: 59.3 ± 5.7 % in winter and 50.0 ± 9.0 % in summer) due to less consumption of coal in the warm season. A novel extended Gelencsér method incorporating the 14C and organic tracer data was developed to estimate the fossil and non-fossil sources of primary and secondary OC (POC and SOC). It showed that fossil-derived POC was the largest contributor to OC (35.8 ± 10.5 % and 34.1 ± 8.7 % in winter time for IAP and PG, 28.9 ± 7.4 % and 28.9 ± 9.6 % in summer), regardless of season. SOC contributed 50.0 ± 12.3 % and 47.2 ± 15.5 % at IAP, and 42.0 ± 11.7 % and 43.0 ± 13.4 % at PG in the winter and summer sampling periods respectively, within which the fossil-derived SOC was predominant and contributed more in winter. The non-fossil fractions of SOC increased in summer due to a larger biogenic component. Concentrations of biomass burning OC (OCbb) are resolved by the extended Gelencsér method with average contributions (to total OC) of 10.6 ± 1.7 % and 10.4 ± 1.5 % in winter at IAP and PG, and 6.5 ± 5.2 % and 17.9 ± 3.5 % in summer, respectively. Correlations of water-insoluble OC (WINSOC), water-soluble OC (WSOC) with POC and SOC showed that although WINSOC was the major contributor to POC, a non-negligible fraction of WINSOC was found in SOC for both fossil and non-fossil sources especially during winter. In summer, a greater proportion of WSOC from non-fossil sources was found in SOC. Comparisons of the source apportionment results with those obtained from a Chemical Mass Balance model were generally good, except for the cooking aerosol.
Interferences with aerosol acidity quantification due to gas-phase ammonia uptake onto acidic sulfate filter samples
Authors: Nault Benjamin A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Day Douglas A. , Guo Hongyu , Jo Duseong S. , Handschy Anne V. , Pagonis Demetrios , Schroder Jason C. , Schueneman Melinda K. , Cubison Michael J. , Dibb Jack E. , Hodzic Alma , Hu Weiwei , Palm Brett B. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Measurements of the mass concentration and chemical speciation of aerosols
are important to investigate their chemical and physical processing from
near emission sources to the most remote regions of the atmosphere. A common
method to analyze aerosols is to collect them onto filters and analyze the
filters offline; however, biases in some chemical components are possible
due to changes in the accumulated particles during the handling of the
samples. Any biases would impact the measured chemical composition, which in
turn affects our understanding of numerous physicochemical processes and
aerosol radiative properties. We show, using filters collected onboard the
NASA DC-8 and NSF C-130 during six different aircraft campaigns, a
consistent, substantial difference in ammonium mass concentration and
ammonium-to-anion ratios when comparing the aerosols collected on filters
versus an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Another online measurement is consistent with the AMS in showing that the aerosol has lower ammonium-to-anion ratios than obtained by the filters. Using a gas uptake model with literature values for accommodation coefficients, we show that for ambient ammonia mixing ratios greater than 10 ppbv, the timescale for ammonia reacting with acidic aerosol on filter substrates is less than 30 s (typical filter handling time in the aircraft) for typical aerosol volume distributions. Measurements of gas-phase ammonia inside the cabin of the DC-8 show ammonia mixing ratios of 45±20 ppbv, consistent with mixing ratios observed in other indoor environments. This analysis enables guidelines for filter handling to reduce ammonia uptake. Finally, a more meaningful limit of detection for University of New Hampshire Soluble Acidic Gases and Aerosol (SAGA) filters collected during airborne campaigns is ∼0.2 µg sm−3 of ammonium, which is substantially higher than the limit of detection of ion chromatography.
A similar analysis should be conducted for filters that collect inorganic
aerosol and do not have ammonia scrubbers and/or are handled in the presence
of human ammonia emissions.
Reviews and syntheses: Gaining insights into evapotranspiration
partitioning with novel isotopic monitoring methods
Authors: Rothfuss Youri , Quade Maria , Brüggemann Nicolas , Graf Alexander , Vereecken Harry , Dubbert Maren
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Disentangling ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) into evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) is of high relevance for a wide range of applications, from land surface modelling to policy making. Identifying and analysing the determinants of the ratio of T to ET (T / ET) for various land covers and uses, especially in view of climate change with increased frequency of extreme events (e.g., heatwaves and floods), is prerequisite for forecasting the hydroclimate of the future and tackling present issues, such as agricultural and irrigation practices. A powerful partitioning method consists in determining the water stable isotopic compositions of ET, E, and T (δET, δE, and δT, respectively) from the water retrieved from the atmosphere, the soil, and the plant vascular tissues. The present work emphasises the challenges this particular method faces (e.g., the spatial and temporal representativeness of the T / ET estimates, the limitations of the models used and the sensitivities to their driving parameters) and the progress that needs to be made in light of the recent methodological developments. As our review is intended for a broader audience beyond the isotopic ecohydrological and micrometeorological communities, it also attempts to provide a thorough review of the ensemble of techniques used for determining δET, δE, and δT, and solving the partitioning equation for T / ET. From the current state of research, we conclude that the most promising way forward to ET partitioning and capturing the sub-daily dynamics of T / ET is in making use of non-destructive online monitoring techniques of the stable isotopic composition of soil and xylem water. Effort should continue towards the application of the eddy covariance technique for high-frequency determination of δET at the field scale as well as the concomitant determination of δET, δE, and δT at high vertical resolution with field-deployable lift systems.
Synergy of the westerly winds and monsoons in the lake evolution of global closed basins since the Last Glacial Maximum and implications for hydrological change in central Asia
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yuxin
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The monsoon system and westerly circulation, to which climate change responds differently, are two important components of global atmospheric
circulation interacting with each other in the middle to low latitudes. Relevant research on global millennial-scale climate change in monsoon and
westerly regions is mostly devoted to multi-proxy analyses of lakes, stalagmites, ice cores, and marine and eolian sediments. Different responses
from these proxies to long-term environmental change make understanding climate change patterns in monsoon and westerly regions difficult.
Accordingly, we disaggregated global closed basins into areas governed by monsoon and westerly winds, unified paleoclimate indicators, and
added lake models and paleoclimate simulations to emphatically track millennial-scale evolution characteristics and mechanisms of East
Asian summer monsoon and westerly winds since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results reveal that millennial-scale water balance change
exhibits an obvious boundary between global monsoon and westerly regions in closed basins, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The effective
moisture in most closed basins of the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere mainly exhibits a decreasing trend since the LGM, while that of the low latitudes
shows an increasing trend. In the monsoon-dominated closed basins of Asia, a humid climate prevails in the early to mid-Holocene, and a relatively dry
climate appears in the LGM and late Holocene. In the westerly-wind-dominated closed basins of Asia, the climate is characterized by a humid LGM and
mid-Holocene (MH) compared with the dry early and late Holocene, which is likely to be connected to precipitation brought by the westerly
circulation. This study provides insight into the long-term evolution and synergy of westerly winds and monsoon systems as well as a basis for the projection of
future hydrological balance.
MOSEV: a global burn severity database from MODIS (2000–2020)
Authors: Alonso-González Esteban , Fernández-García Víctor
Published: November 2020

Abstract. To advance in the fire discipline as well as in the study of CO2 emissions it is of great interest to develop a global database with estimators of the degree of biomass consumed by fire, which is defined as burn severity. In this work we present the first global burn severity database (MOSEV database), which is based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance and burned area (BA) products since November 2000 to near real time. To build the database we combined Terra MOD09A1 and Aqua MYD09A1 surface reflectance products to obtain dense time series of the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) spectral index, and we used the MCD64A1 product to identify BA and the date of burning. Then, we calculated for each burned pixel the difference of the NBR (dNBR), and its relativized version (RdNBR), as well as the post-burn NBR which are the most commonly used burn severity spectral indices. The database also includes the pre-burn NBR used for calculations, the date of the pre- and post-burn NBR and the date of burning. Moreover, in this work we have compared the burn severity metrics included in MOSEV (dNBR, RdNBR and post-burn NBR) with the same ones obtained from Landsat-8 scenes, which have an original resolution of 30 m. We calculated the Pearson's correlation coefficients and the significance of the relationships using 13 pairs of Landsat scenes randomly distributed across the globe, with a total BA of 6,904 km2 (n = 32,163). Results showed that MOSEV and Landsat-8 burn severity indices are highly correlated, particularly the post-burn NBR (R = 0.88; P
Structural control on fluid flow and shallow diagenesis: insights from calcite cementation along deformation bands in porous sandstones
Authors: Del Sole Leonardo , Antonellini Marco , Soliva Roger , Ballas Gregory , Balsamo Fabrizio , Viola Giulio
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Porous sandstones are important reservoirs for geofluids.
Interaction therein between deformation and cementation during diagenesis is
critical since both processes can strongly reduce rock porosity and
permeability, deteriorating reservoir quality. Deformation bands and
fault-related diagenetic bodies, here called “structural and diagenetic
heterogeneities”, affect fluid flow at a range of scales and potentially
lead to reservoir compartmentalization, influencing flow buffering and
sealing during the production of geofluids. We present two field-based studies
from Loiano (northern Apennines, Italy) and Bollène (Provence, France)
that elucidate the structural control exerted by deformation bands on fluid
flow and diagenesis recorded by calcite nodules associated with the bands.
We relied on careful in situ observations through geo-photography, string mapping,
and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography integrated with optical, scanning electron and
cathodoluminescence microscopy, and stable isotope (δ13C and
δ18O) analysis of nodules cement. In both case studies, one or
more sets of deformation bands precede and control selective cement
precipitation. Cement texture, cathodoluminescence patterns, and their
isotopic composition suggest precipitation from meteoric fluids. In
Loiano, deformation bands acted as low-permeability baffles to fluid flow
and promoted selective cement precipitation. In Bollène, clusters of
deformation bands restricted fluid flow and focused diagenesis to
parallel-to-band compartments. Our work shows that deformation bands control
flow patterns within a porous sandstone reservoir and this, in turn, affects
how diagenetic heterogeneities are distributed within the porous rocks. This
information is invaluable to assess the uncertainties in reservoir
petrophysical properties, especially where structural and diagenetic
heterogeneities are below seismic resolution.
Distinguishing the impacts of ozone and ozone-depleting substances on the recent increase in Antarctic surface mass balance
Authors: Chemke Rei , Previdi Michael , England Mark R. , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) has global climatic impacts
through its effects on global sea-level rise. The forced increase
in Antarctic SMB over the second half of the 20th century was argued
to stem from multiple forcing agents, including ozone and ozone-depleting
substances (ODSs). Here we use ensembles of fixed-forcing model simulations
to quantify and contrast the contributions of stratospheric ozone,
tropospheric ozone and ODSs to increases
in the Antarctic SMB. We show that ODSs and stratospheric ozone make
comparable contributions and together account for 44 % of the increase
in the annual mean Antarctic SMB over the second half of the 20th
century. In contrast, tropospheric ozone has an insignificant impact
on the SMB increase. A large portion of the annual mean SMB increase
occurs during austral summer, when stratospheric ozone is found to
account for 63 % of the increase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that
stratospheric ozone increases the SMB by enhancing the meridional
mean and eddy flows towards the continent, thus converging more water
vapor over the Antarctic.
Effect of resistance exercise training on Crohn’s disease patients
Authors: Papadimitriou Konstantinos
Published: November 2020

Crohn’s disease (CD) is observed with increased levels of cytokines which cause inflammation in many parts of the digestive tract. Aerobic exercise contributes to the reduction of the intestine’s inflammation and increases the quality of life. Another type of exercise that shows research interest about its effects on CD symptoms is the resistance exercise (RE). The aim of the study was to review the influence of RE on CD patients. The study’s literature was collected from PubMed and Scholar databases. According to the results, the main phase of a RE training program must have a gradual increase of intensity (60%–80%) and resting periods of 15–30 seconds after each exercise, and 2–3 minutes between exercises. Also, CD patients who were in remission improved the muscle strength and quality of life via their participation in RE training program. However, the secretion of interleukin-6 in both CD and RE contributes in various physiological mechanisms setting a contradictory role in the effectiveness of RE at the disease’s inflammatory situation. So, the use of RE training in CD patients needs more research for safer participation.
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease in a South Asian country where inflammatory bowel disease is emerging: a distinct clinical phenotype from later onset disease
Authors: Banerjee Rupa , Pal Partha , Nabi Zaheer , Shava Upender , Ganesh Girish , Reddy D. Nageshwar
Published: November 2020

Background/Aims: Information on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) and very early onset IBD (VEOIBD) are sparse in India, where IBD is emerging. We aimed to evaluate characteristics of VEOIBD and later onset PIBD (LO-PIBD) in India.Methods: We performed retrospective analysis of a large, prospectively maintained IBD registry. PIBD was divided in to VEOIBD ( < 6 years) and LO-PIBD (6–17 years). Demographic data, disease characteristics and treatment were compared between the PIBD groups and with other Asian/Western studies as well as the adult patients of the registry.Results: Of 3,752 IBD patients, 292 (7.8%) had PIBD (0–17 years) (175 Crohn’s disease [CD], 113 ulcerative colitis [UC], 4 IBD-undifferentiated; 22 VEOIBD [7.5%], and 270 LO-PIBD [92.5%]). VEOIBD patients had more severe disease compared to LO-PIBD in both UC (P= 0.003) and CD (P< 0.001). Familial IBD was more common in VEOIBD (13.6%) compared to LO-PIBD (9.2%). Ileal disease (L1) was an independent risk factor for diagnostic delay in pediatric CD. Diagnostic delay ( > 6 months) was significantly lower in VEOIBD (40.9%) than in LO-PIBD (78.8%) (P< 0.001). Compared to other Asian and Western studies, extensive UC (72.5%) and complicated CD (stricturing/penetrating: 42.7%) were relatively more common. Perianal CD was relatively less frequent (7.4%). PIBD had a significantly higher number of complicated and ileal CD and extensive UC comparison to adult cohort of the registry.Conclusions: VEOIBD has more aggressive phenotype than LO-PIBD. Disease appears distinct from other Asian and Western studies and adult onset disease, with more complicated CD and extensive UC.
NPM Reforms in Ghana’s Public Sector Management & Administration: Changing Trends in MDAs & MMDAs Functions
Authors: Fobih Nick
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is to examine the new public management (NPM) reforms in Ghana’s Ministries, Departments and Agencies, and at the local government level in terms of key changes implemented and its successes. The study also examines the challenges that have been encountered in the implementation process and recommendations to address the weaknesses in the system. The methodology used is based on the qualitative approach and the descriptive method. The findings in the study show that regardless of the in-roads made since the introduction of the NPM reforms, a number of challenges such as lack of expertise, lack of political will, inadequate resources among others, continue to affect the performance of Ghana’s civil service, which in turn, impact the delivery of public services. The study recommends that NPM reforms must seek to increase levels of accountability because monitoring the performance of key institutions will go a long way to promote efficiency and effectiveness in the public service. The significance of the study is that it provides key insights into important issues in Ghana’s NPM reforms, which can serve as useful tools for decision makers in moving the reforms towards accomplishing its goals more successfully. The outlined challenges and recommendations will inform the government, key policy makers and local government officials to enable them address the challenges affecting the effective implementation of NPM reforms. This study further contributes toward academic discussions relating to the impact of NPM reforms in Ghana and Africa in general.
Associations of Urbanicity and Sociodemographic Characteristics with Protective Health Behaviors and Reasons for Leaving the Home During COVID-19
Authors: Burford Katie , Dooley Erin , Lanza Kevin , Knell Gregory
Published: November 2020

Background: Few data exist on the characteristics of U.S. adults’ compliance with movement restrictions (i.e., “stay-at-home” orders) and protective health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Purpose: To evaluate the associations of individual- and area-level characteristics (urbanicity) with reasons for leaving home and subsequent protective health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A convenience sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,441) completed a 15-minute self-report online questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included: 1) missing ZIP; 2) currently sick with COVID-19; 3) difficulty with errands; and 4) “essential service” employment. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the odds of citing reasons for leaving home and protective health behaviors by levels of urbanicity and sociodemographic factors. Data collection and analyses were conducted between April and June 2020.Results: The analytic sample (n = 1,374) was primarily Non-Hispanic white (79%), female (72%), urban residents (43%), and college degree or higher (85%). Rural residents (versus urban residents) had lower odds of wearing a mask (OR = 0.60, 95%CI:0.43–0.83). Women (versus men) had lower odds of leaving the home for shopping (grocery: OR = 0.51, 95%CI:0.31–0.80; essential: OR = 0.68, 95%CI:0.52–0.88), and higher odds of social distancing (OR = 2.34, 95%CI:1.12–4.85) and wearing a mask (OR = 1.58, 95%CI:1.20–2.08). Older adults [(≥50 years) versus younger adults (18–34 years)], had higher odds of leaving home for grocery shopping (OR = 2.07, 95%CI:1.25–3.48) and higher odds of wearing a mask (OR = 2.02, 95%CI:1.42–2.91).Conclusions: The differences for leaving home and protective health behaviors by age, sex, and urbanicity can be useful for future health promotion strategies to encourage best practices that limit the spread of COVID-19.
Sulfide Emplacement and Migration in the Nova-Bollinger Ni-Cu-Co Deposit, Albany-Fraser Orogen, Western Australia
Authors: Barnes Stephen J. , Taranovic Valentina , Miller John M. , Boyce Glenn , Beresford Steve
Published: November 2020

The Nova-Bollinger Ni-Cu sulfide deposit is associated with a small chonolith (tube-shaped) intrusion emplaced at lower crustal depths into granulite facies migmatite gneisses. The deposit comprises disseminated and net-textured ores within the intrusions and a high proportion of massive, semimassive, and breccia exocontact ores within the underlying country rocks. Internally disposed endocontact ores show typical magmatic textures including conventional net texture, leopard net texture characterized by the presence of centimeter-sized clots of olivine and intercumulus phases, and globular ores. Some of the globular ores show an association of sulfide blebs with clinopyroxene-carbonate intergrowths that may represent infilling of original CO2-rich vapor bubbles. The exocontact ores have an assemblage of textures indicative of emplacement into hot, soft country rocks at a large-scale melting-infiltration front. Characteristic features range from hard-walled extensional vein arrays to complex infiltrations of disseminated sulfide within chaotically folded paragneiss. Sulfide infiltration was accompanied by partial melting of the country rock, producing felsic leucosomes, some of them strongly enriched in garnet, mainly occupying vein walls and interpreted as the result of counterflow of displaced silicate partial melt. Coarse-grained pentlandite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite loop textures are characteristic of all ore types, down to the scale of the infiltrating sulfides within the gneisses, and are regarded as diagnostically magmatic textures generated by sulfide liquid fractionation and growth of high-temperature pentlandite by peritectic reaction between fractionated sulfide melt and early crystallized monosulfide solid solution. The highly distinctive features of the Nova-Bollinger ores are a consequence of their emplacement in the mid to lower crust under peak granulite facies conditions. Under these unusual conditions the timescales for cooling between the silicate solidus and sulfide solidus temperatures were of the order of millions of years, being controlled by the temperature-time path for the exhumation of the orogen as a whole. Sulfides solidified over a time period three orders of magnitude greater than the thousand-year timescale for the solidification of the host silicate magmas. Furthermore, timescales for deformation matched those for cooling and solidification, allowing the country rocks to undergo deformation during ore emplacement. Fluctuating strain rates during and after initial emplacement of the carrier magmas into the host intrusion caused episodes of brittle extension, allowing unusually efficient penetration of partially molten sulfide into heterogeneous, partially molten silicate country rock, resulting in an unusually extensive thermomechanical aureole compared with other mafic intrusion-hosted nickel systems globally.
The Rhetorical Register of Class: Gender, Resistance, and Social Justice in Appalachia’s Coalfields
Authors: Richards Matthew S.
Published: November 2020

This article examines social justice in Appalachia through the lens of rhetoric and public deliberation, specifically with regard to mountaintop removal conflicts in West Virginia. I argue that there is a rhetorical register of class, referencing not just how certain populations are framed and/or (de)valued, but more importantly how the stratification of certain populations shapes the very rhetorical terrains they navigate. That is, the way certain populations ground their arguments, articulate their identities, and appeal for credibility with regard to salient political and social issues is animated by the same historical and material practices used to stratify said populations. This article explores the rhetorical register of class via intersectionality, focusing on the role gender plays in the articulation of class over time and, in turn, informing rhetorics of resistance and control.
Construction of Modular-Based Curriculum Framework for Medical English Teaching in China
Authors: Wang Changyou , Wang Haiyang , Luan Xinhua
Published: November 2020

Current research on the medical English curriculum system is in an unsystematic state. According to the modular teaching theory and ESP classification, especially Hutchinson & Waters’s (1986) and Jordan’s (1997) categories, three modules of medical English curriculum system are put forward for non-English speaking countries to cultivate their international medical students and strengthen their international cooperation. These modules are Medical Humanities English, Medical Occupational English and Medical Academic English. Each of the above modules is independent but related to the others in a sequential relationship. Offering modular medical courses not only provides a language platform for medical students to catch up with the pace of internationalization, but also accelerates the process to study the advanced medical technology through international communications.
The Interaction Design Strategy of Foreign Exchange Students on Network Field
Authors: SHANG dan , XIANG yuan wei , GUAN yongxin
Published: November 2020

In the background of the Belt and Road initiative, international exchanges and cooperation are increasingly frequent and the number of students studying abroad is on the rise. Foreign exchange students living abroad are easily influenced by the environment, field culture, discourse subject etc, so that it's common for their ideas to be impacted. Cultural adaptation and avoiding western cultural osmosis are extraordinarily important in the management of foreign exchange students. Field theory provides a new means to resolve this problem. By using questionnaire to collect data and through behavior event interview, understand the behavior of foreign exchange students in the use of new media. And then, design user portrait according to the data results and interview content and construct the field environment elements of online education.
Delay in hip fracture surgery and its outcomes. A reflection
Authors: Merchán-Galvis Ángela , Muñoz David Andrés , Solano Felipe , Velásquez Julián Camilo
Published: November 2020

Hip fracture is one of the major public healthcare problems in elderly patients around the world, mainly because of the risk of falls and osteoporosis which are typical during this stage of life, and may be the cause for up to 36% of deaths among those affected. Its management in principle is surgical and the best results are achieved with patients undergoing surgery during the first 24 to 72 after the fracture. Any delays in surgery are mostly associated with decompensated personal pathological factors, delays in perioperative assessment, or in presurgical complementary tests; sometimes, the delays are the result of administrative formalities of the healthcare providers. These determining factors may affect both morbidity and mortality, and contribute to functional decline, disability, and reduced quality of life of these patients. A third party intervention is then necessary to improve the preventable factors that delay the osteosynthesis in these types of fractures, in addition to ensuring education, infrastructure, inputs, skilled human resources, and prompt referral of patients from the first level of care. Investigating this scenario and assessing the quality of life impact on these patients should be a priority.
Passage control for ERTMS/ETCS level 2 implementation on railway lines with mix traffic
Authors: Irlik Maciej
Published: November 2020

Currently the ERTMS/ETCS level 2 system is implemented on the polish railway lines. On all railway lines where this system is implemented (or will be implemented in near future) there is a mix traffic. It means that both equipped and unequipped with ETCS system trains shall be considered from command and control system point of view. This article presents issue related to the function of passage control in the system and its proper design for fulfill availability and safety requirements for mix traffic signaling.
The impact of reinforcing profiles on the fire resistance of aluminium glazed partitions Part 2.
Authors: Sędłak Bartłomiej , Sulik Paweł
Published: November 2020

The inner walls of a building, which do not constitute its structure and therefore do not have loadbearing properties, are called partition walls. The main task of this type of element is the separation of rooms in a building, which is why they should be designed and constructed in a way that ensures, among others, compliance with fire safety requirements, including those related to fire resistance. There are many types of fire-resistant partition walls both on the European and global construction market, among which the most impressive effect is achieved by those using glass elements in their structure. These include aluminium glazed partitions, which are the subject of this paper. These structures are usually made of special fire-resistant glass positioned in three chamber profiles, made of two aluminium sections, connected by a thermal break, usually made of glass fibre reinforced polyamide. The chambers created in this way are filled with special insulating inserts, and the degree of filling depends on the expected fire resistance class, which is determined by an appropriate test. Large wall-height profiles of this type are usually further reinforced by screwing to them additional, special aluminium profiles. In this paper, the impact of using this type of additional profiles on the fire resistance of a glazed wall was analysed. The results of two walls with identical external dimensions and the same static scheme, made on the basis of the same glazing, from the same aluminium profiles have been compared, with additional reinforcing profiles applied in one of the tests. This article discusses the results obtained and the conclusions from the tests conducted.
Sperm chromatin structure assay versus sperm chromatin dispersion kits: Technical repeatability and choice of assisted reproductive technology procedure
Authors: B Vidya Laxme , Stephen Silviya , Devaraj Ramyashree , Mithraprabhu Sridurga , Bertolla Ricardo P. , Mahendran Tara
Published: November 2020

Objective: The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) guides the clinician’s choice of an appropriate assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedure. The DFI can be determined using commercially available methodologies, including sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) kits and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Currently, when DFI is evaluated using SCD kits, the result is analyzed in reference to the SCSA-derived threshold for the choice of an ART procedure. In this study, we compared DFI values obtained using SCSA with those obtained using SCD and determined whether the difference affects the choice of ART procedure.Methods: We compared SCSA to two SCD kits, CANfrag (n=36) and Halosperm (n=31), to assess the DFI values obtained, the correlations between tests, the technical repeatability, and the impact of DFI on the choice of ART. Results: We obtained higher median DFI values using SCD kits than when using SCSA, and this difference was significant for the CANfrag kit (p<0.001). The SCD kits had significantly higher coefficients of variation than SCSA (p<0.0001). In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) would be chosen for a significantly higher proportion of patients if a decision were made based on DFI derived from SCD rather than DFI determined using SCSA (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our results indicate that SCD kit-specific thresholds should be established in order to avoid the unnecessary use of IVF/ICSI based on sperm DNA damage for the management of infertility. Appropriate measures should be taken to mitigate the increased variability inherent to the methods used in these tests.
Ambivalenzen der Eigenverantwortung
Authors: Petersen Niklas
Published: November 2020

Different sociological analyses agree with the observation that the idea of autonomy is no longer an ideal or individual claim, but rather an omnipresent obligation in contemporary, flexible capitalism. The rising importance of autonomy is apparently, however, linked not only to increasing personal freedom but also to new diseases as burn-out and depression. The book reconstructs different dimensions of the idea of autonomy and asks how individuals in precarious working and living conditions perceive and negotiate different autonomy imperatives in everyday practice.
Some Igbo Indigenous Plants with Anti-COVID-19 Properties
Authors: M. Uchejeso Obeta , R. Chinaza Ikeagwulonu , A.K. Goodluck Ohanube , I. Rinpan Jwanse
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has shaken the world not minding the strength of the global health system leading to over 824, 000 deaths amidst the search of a cure and total prevention. The Igbo states in Nigeria has the average prevalence of 711 cases of COVID-19 with the highest 1096 (Enugu) and least 207 (Anambra) as at 26th August, 2020. This chapter studied some Igbo indigenous plants in use since the outbreak and presents Bitter kola, Garlic, Giloy, Ginger, Lime, and Turmeric which are having anti-COVID-19 properties. The authors suggest that these plants have the properties that alter the PH on the interface between the virus spike proteins and the human respiratory surfaces causing a brake on the interaction with human ACE-2 and where interaction has taken place, the replication and translation stages are disrupted. The plants thus are potential modifiers of this milieu and inhibitor of the main protease and endoribonuclease via epigenetics and homeostasis. These plants consumption should be encouraged as prophylactic or curative measures pending the discovery of a definitive cure. The chapter recommends that the search for COVID-19 cure should not be limited to conventional medicines, rather should be extended to some indigenous plants in Igbo land.
Advances in Tissue Engineering Approaches for Craniomaxillofacial Bone Reconstruction
Authors: B. Tomar Geetanjali , Dave Jay , Chandekar Sayali , Bhattacharya Nandika , Naik Sharvari , Kulkarni Shravani , Math Suraj , Desai Kaushik , Sapkal Neha
Published: November 2020

Trauma, congenital abnormalities and pathologies such as cancer can cause significant defects in craniofacial bone. Regeneration of the bone in the craniofacial area presents a unique set of challenges due to its complexity and association with various other tissues. Bone grafts and bone cement are the traditional treatment options but pose their own issues with regards to integration and morbidity. This has driven the search for materials which mimic the natural bone and can act as scaffolds to guide bone growth. Novel technology and computer aided manufacturing have allowed us to control material parameters such as mechanical strength and pore geometry. In this chapter, we elaborate the current status of materials and techniques used in fabrication of scaffolds for craniomaxillofacial bone tissue engineering and discuss the future prospects for advancements.
EEG Analysis during Music Perception
Authors: Almudena González , Manuel Santapau , Julián Jesús González
Published: November 2020

This review presents the most interesting results of electroencephalographic studies on musical perception performed with different analysis techniques. In first place, concepts on intra-musical characteristics such as tonality, rhythm, dissonance or musical syntax, which have been object of further investigation, are introduced. Most of the studies found use listening musical extracts, sequences of notes or chords as an experimental situation, with the participants in a resting situation. There are few works with participants performing or imagining musical performance. The reviewed works have been divided into two groups: a) those that analyze the EEGs recorded in different cortical areas separately using frequency domain techniques: spectral power, phase or time domain EEG procedures such as potentials event related (ERP); b) those that investigate the interdependence between different EEG channels to evaluate the functional connectivity between different cortical areas through different statistical or synchronization indices. Most of the aspects studied in music-brain interaction are those related to musical emotions, syntax of different musical styles, musical expectation, differences between pleasant and unpleasant music and effects of musical familiarity and musical experience. Most of the works try to know the topographic maps of the brain centers, pathways and functions involved in these aspects.
The ability of human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 to colonize plant tissue
Authors: Seman Vladimira , Hajnal-Jafari Timea , Đurić Simonida , Stamenov Dragana
Published: November 2020

Healthy diet supply needs to enable adsorption of nutrients, vitamins, and fibers which contribute to overall human health. However, it is debatable how beneficial the consumption of microbiologically contaminated drinking water or plant products is. In order to prevent food contamination it is necessary to determine the potential sources of contamination. Prevention of pathogenic bacteria transmission to cultivated plants and colonization of plant tissue is possible if the critical steps in plant production are known. Numerous epidemics were caused by pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 mostly due to usage of contaminated irrigation water or fresh manure. This review describes the ability of the human pathogenic bacteria E. coli O157:H7 to colonize plant tissue and products.
The formation of the maintenance program and its impact on the increased level of power plants reliability
Authors: Adamović Živoslav , Ivić Mladen , Vuković Veljko
Published: November 2020

The paper emphasizes the basic attitudes of complex technical system maintenance programming. Particularly it is performed an analysis and a selection of strategies for condition-based maintenance. The assessment of the established maintenance program varieties effectiveness was carried out by comparison with their basic indicators of effectiveness (for corrective and preventive maintenance).