bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Steps in the Development of a Screening Instrument To Assess Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: OHLDE CARROLL D. , SCHAUER ANDREW H. , GARFIELD NANCY J. , PATTERSON TOM W.
Published: December 2011

The authors demonstrate the complexities and processes involved in constructing a screening test for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Discussion includes item development, field testing, and preliminary results.
Edward Kellog Strong, Jr.: First Author of the Strong Interest Inventory
Authors: HANSEN JO‐IDA C.
Published: December 2011

Edward K. Strong, Jr. (1884–1963) was the first author of the Strong Interest Inventory and the first psychologist to devote a career to the measurement and study of vocational interests. Strong's wisdom about interests and career decision making still is obvious and his 1943 volume, Vocational Interests of Men and Women, continues to provide inspiration for the field of interest measurement.
The Effects of Cognitive Restructuring and Decision‐Making Training on Career Indecision
Authors: MITCHELL LYNDA K. , KRUMBOLTZ JOHN D.
Published: December 2011

The authors designed a cognitive restructuring intervention for individuals having difficulty with career decision making and compared the intervention to a decision skills intervention and a no‐treatment control. The cognitive restructuring intervention was more effective than were both decision‐making training and the control condition in reducing anxiety about career decision making and in encouraging vocational exploratory behavior. Cognitive restructuring clients also reported more use of the skills they had learned, were more satisfied with the decisions they made, and found the treatment program more useful in making career decisions than did clients in the other two groups.
A Case Study and Balance Sheet Approach to Unemployment
Authors: HESKETH BERYL , SHOUKSMITH GEORGE , KANG JYE
Published: December 2011

The authors describe positive and negative aspects of employment and unemployment in a balance sheet framework. They also discuss the value of the balance sheet approach in understanding individual differences in reactions to unemployment.
Expanding Community Participation by People with Disabilities: Implications for Counselors
Authors: GREENWOOD REED
Published: December 2011

Many people with disabilities are realizing the goal of full participation in community life. Basic beliefs and values have guided the movement from special institutions and other more restrictive settings to life and work in the community. The movement has been sustained by social, political, and technological developments. The future will involve continuing advances in the opening of communities to mainstream activities on the part of people with severe disabilities, given commitment to basic beliefs and effective services from counselors and other professionals.
A Framework for Assisting Student Affairs Staff in Fostering Moral Development
Authors: EVANS NANCY J.
Published: December 2011

Student affairs professionals have an impact on the values and ethical behavior of students and need to address this responsibility. After examining factors cited as important in the development of moral behaviors, the author introduces a three‐dimensional framework for examining moral development interventions consisting of the target of intervention, type of intervention, and intervention approach. Examples of specific strategies are provided for each category included in the framework.
The Death Response Team: Responding to the Forgotten Grievers
Authors: RICKGARN RALPH L.V.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the Death Response Team, a concept that has enabled the University of Minnesota to respond effectively to the needs of student groups after the death of a member. Information is provided to foster the development of similar models in other educational settings.
Career Transitions for Dancers: A Counselor's Perspective
Authors: PICKMAN ALAN J.
Published: December 2011

The author describes a counseling program designed to assist professional dancers in making the transition to a postperformance career.
Jerome Frank: Persuader and Exemplar
Authors: MEINECKI CHRISTINE E.
Published: December 2011

Jerome Frank, psychologist and psychiatrist, was interviewed about his personal development, significant others, professional contributions, the psychotherapeutic professions, and his commitment to nuclear disarmament.
The Relationship of Work Environment and Client Contact to Burnout in Mental Health Professionals
Authors: SAVICKI VICTOR , COOLEY ERIC
Published: December 2011

The authors explored the relationship of the work environment (assessed by the Work Environment Scale) and client contact to scores of 94 mental health professionals on the Emotional Exhaustion, Personal Accomplishment, and Depersonalization subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.
Developing a Self‐Help Brochure Series: Costs and Benefits
Authors: ALLEN DEBORAH R. , SIPICH JAMES F.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe the process by which one counseling center developed a series of self‐help brochures. In addition to the intended service benefits to students, the brochures present a positive image of the counseling center to numerous campus constituencies. Costs, benefits, and strategies for marketing the brochures are also discussed.
Qualitative Evaluation Methods Applied to a High School Counseling Center
Authors: MURRAY PAUL V. , LEVITOV JUSTIN E. , CASTENELL LOUIS , JOUBERT J. HENRY
Published: December 2011

The authors present a case study demonstrating how qualitative techniques can be used to evaluate a high school counseling and guidance program.
The Behavioral Treatment of Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis
Authors: WAGNER WILLIAM G.
Published: December 2011

Nocturnal enuresis is a relatively common childhood disorder. Although many treatments have been attempted, the most popular methods have been pharmacotherapy, individual psychotherapy, and behavioral conditioning. Of these, the most effective is behavioral conditioning with a urine alarm. The author reviews the enuresis literature and provides recommendations for use of the urine alarm approach.
Human Intelligence: Implications for Counseling
Authors: HEPPNER P. PAUL , FITZGERALD KAREN M.
Published: December 2011

Sternberg, R.J. (Ed.) (1982). Handbook of Human Intelligence. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Leisure as a Campus Resource for Fostering Student Development
Authors: BLOLAND PAUL A.
Published: December 2011

The author examines the relationship between leisure and college student development and suggests ways in which leisure may be employed as a campus resource fostering student development.
Comparing Family Counseling and Group Counseling: An Interview with George Gazda, James Hansen, and Alan Hovestadt
Authors: RITTER KATHLEEN Y. , WEST JOHN D. , TROTZER JAMES P.
Published: December 2011

This article contains edited excerpts from a panel discussion held at the 1984 AACD convention and sponsored by the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW). The three interviewers are members of the Commission on Family Counseling of ASGW. The focus of the interview was on the therapeutic process in family and group counseling and on the delineation of the similarities and differences in the group dynamics in the two modalities.
Individual Multimodal Therapy for Weight Loss: A Case Example
Authors: KILMARTIN CHRISTOPHER , ROBBINS STEVEN
Published: December 2011

Individual multimodal therapy provides a comprehensive approach to the treatment of overeating. The multimodal treatment plan helps to target social and emotional issues related to eating disorders as well as the eating behaviors themselves. The authors present a case study highlighting a treatment model based on a multimodal conceptualization.
Mental Imagery and Parenthood Decision Making
Authors: SKOVHOLT THOMAS M. , THOEN GAIL A.
Published: December 2011

Choosing whether or not to be a parent involves feelings of personal freedom and confusion. In this article the authors consider the difficulty of making parenthood decisions, suggest that counseling and therapy practitioners use mental imagery modalities to kelp clients make parenthood decisions, and offer specific scripts and techniques.
Developmental Play Therapy: A Treatment Approach for Child Victims of Sexual Molestation
Authors: MITCHUM NANCY TAYLOR
Published: December 2011

The author describes the use of developmental play therapy as a treatment approach for young children who have been sexually molested.
Searching for the Glass Slipper: A Case Study in Midlife Career Counseling
Authors: STARK SARAH , ZYTOWSKI DONALD G.
Published: December 2011

There seems to be a paucity of counseling reports written from the perspective of both counselor and client. This article is presented as a case study of the first author's experience as a career counseling client of the second author. It is intended to illuminate for students and practitioners some typical counseling practices and the theoretical foundations from which they spring, as well as how the client reacted to them.
An Organizational Framework for Understanding the Role Of Culture in Counseling
Authors: PONTEROTTO JOSEPH G. , BENESCH KEVIN F.
Published: December 2011

Literature on cross‐cultural counseling has emphasized differences between groups and the need to develop culture‐specific techniques. Lacking a coherent conceptual framework, this focus has done little to improve the status of multicultural training in counseling programs and has not had a positive impact on the quality of service delivery to minority clients. The authors propose an alternative direction for cross‐cultural training and research. Building on work in transpersonal psychology and psychotherapy, they delineate a conceptual model that provides an integrative framework for understanding the role of culture in counseling.
Preschool Assessment: Implications for Counselors
Authors: HOHENSHIL THOMAS H. , HUMES CHARLES W.
Published: December 2011

Paget, K.D., & Nagle, R.J. (1986). A conceptual model of preschool assessment. School Psychology Review, 15, 154–165.

Wilson, C.C. (1986). Family assessment in preschool evaluation. School Psychology Review, 15, 166–179.
A Proposal for Researching Possible Relationships Between Scientific Theories and the Personal Theories of Counselors and Clients
Authors: MARTIN JACK
Published: December 2011

Current views from the philosophy of science encourage speculation about the relationship between the personal commitments of scientists and scientific theories. Increasing numbers of psychologists also have speculated about relationships between the development of personal and scientific theories. The author describes several assumptions that link scientific and personal theorizing. A research program is outlined that might refine and test such assumptions in the context of counseling. The overall goal of the article is to argue that research into the scientific and personal theories of researchers of counseling and the personal theories of counselors and clients may answer long‐standing questions about the relationship between scientific and practical knowledge in counseling.

Scientists are people.

(Source unknown)
One Counselor's Intervention in the Aftermath of a Middle School Student's Suicide: A Case Study
Authors: ALEXANDER JO ANN C. , HARMAN ROBERT L.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss the application of Gestalt theory as a means of dealing with the surviving classmates of a student who committed suicide.
The Scientist‐Practitioner Model in Training Entry‐Level Counselors
Authors: HARING‐HIDORE MARILYN , VACC NICHOLAS A.
Published: December 2011

The authors stress the importance of using the scientist‐practitioner model in training entry‐level counselors. They also describe a course that focuses on the model.
A Review of Selected Literature on Obesity and Guidelines for Treatment
Authors: KRIESHOK SUSAN I. , KARPOWITZ DENNIS H.
Published: December 2011

The authors examine research involving both physiological and psychological factors that may be strongly related to the development and maintenance of obesity. This examination reveals that attempts to treat obesity often exacerbate the condition. It is suggested that integration of guidelines developed from research presented may make treatment more effective. A somewhat unique proposal made is that highly desired foods must be included in treatment in a controlled‐access manner to minimize the loss of freedom perceived by the individual.
The Mid/Late Life Generation Gap: Adult Children with Aging Parents
Authors: MYERS JANE E.
Published: December 2011

Psychosocial and personal needs and concerns can combine to create conflicts between adult children and their aging parents that may be amenable to counseling interventions.
Creating a Career Hotline for Rural Residents
Authors: HEPPNER MARY J. , JOHNSTON JOSEPH A. , BRINKHOFF JULIE
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a career information hotline for rural and farm residents affected by the farm crisis as one way a university career center and extension division can make their resources more generally available to residents.

The rural crisis is real, but a crisis brings opportunities. There are opportunities to provide needed services and help ease the personal cost for families and reduce the declining quality of life in rural communities. (Heffernan & Heffernan, 1985, p. 17)
The Addition of Counseling Staff at Racially Isolated Schools: An Assessment by Students and Counselors
Authors: TIDWELL ROMERIA
Published: December 2011

Results of a special program to provide counseling assistance to high school students attending racially isolated minority schools indicated congruence between the students and the counselors regarding the program's impact in bringing minority students regularly scheduled counseling.
Personality Correlates of College Age Bulimics
Authors: HOLLERAN PAULA R. , PASCALE JOSEPH , FRALEY JAMES
Published: December 2011

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between bulimia and the personality characteristics of assertiveness, masculinity, femininity, masculinity‐femininity, and externality. The results showed low but statistically significant negative relationships between assertiveness, masculinity, and masculinity‐femininity and high bulimia test scores, and even greater predictive ability was obtained when these variables were combined.
The Use of Metaphor and Drawings in Case Conceptualization
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

The author describes a procedure whereby counselors, as part of their conceptualization for case conferences or supervision, develop metaphors and then make them concrete by constructing drawings or collages. The drawings or collages are used as the basis for case discussions.
The Counselor as Prophet: Frank Parsons, 1854–1908
Authors: GUMMERE RICHARD M.
Published: December 2011

This article summarizes the life and work of the political and economic reformer, Frank Parsons. The author gives special attention to his founding, shortly before he died, of the Vocation Bureau, often described as the origin of professional counseling in the United States. Through his work, he offered a challenging example for counselors today as both a social crusader and a pioneer in the systematic guidance of youth.
Counselor Self‐Disclosure
Authors: HENDRICK SUSAN S.
Published: December 2011

Self‐disclosure in the counseling‐therapy relationship has been an important area of research and study, with considerable emphasis placed on counselor self‐disclosure. This study was initiated to explore further the phenomenon of counselor‐therapist disclosure through direct assessment of potential clients' desires for disclosure and through development of a measure of counselor disclosure. Implications for counselor disclosure and for the counselor‐client therapy relationship are discussed.
Psychotherapist Diagnosis of Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: ATKINSON DONALD R. , KOZITZA LINDA PEPPER
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the ability of psychotherapists to diagnose premenstrual syndrome (PMS). They developed two case vignettes that were identical except that symptoms were described as cyclical in one and noncyclical in the other. Participants were asked to provide selected demographic information and requested to make a diagnosis, to indicate the clinical feature in which they made the diagnosis, and to select a treatment they would recommend for treating the case. The results indicated that most therapists can distinguish a PMS case from a non‐PMS case based on the cyclical versus noncyclical feature. The number of psychotherapists who misdiagnosed the case, however, is seen as cause for concern.
The Politics of Touch in Therapy: A Response to Willison and Masson
Authors: ALYN JODY H.
Published: December 2011

Conclusions made by Willison and Masson about touch as an adjunct to communication in therapy are questioned. The author presents additional data and recommends that counselors refrain from touching clients until further research consistently shows if and when touch improves treatment outcomes.
Edward Kellog Strong, Jr.: First Author of the Strong Interest Inventory
Authors: HANSEN JO‐IDA C. , Bourne Bonnie
Published: December 2011

Ralph Bedell, professor emeritus of educational and counseling psychology, was interviewed to gain insight into the influence of the National Defense Counseling and Guidance Institutes on the history of counseling and to learn about the man who was responsible for the NDEA program.
The Future of Cross‐Cultural Counseling: A Delphi Poll
Authors: HEATH ANNE E. , NEIMEYER GREG J. , PEDERSEN PAUL B.
Published: December 2011

The probable future of cross‐cultural counseling, for the next 10 years, was predicted using the Delphi Method—the best available forecasting tool. A panel of 53 identified experts in the field of cross‐cultural counseling completed a 49‐item questionnaire that addressed future developments in the areas of theory and research, training and preparation, and social organization. Results indicated many probable changes in all areas and several areas that remain unclear for the next decade. Nominations for the current top cross‐cultural training programs, journals, and books were also solicited, resulting in a strong consensus.
The College Plans of Academically Talented Students
Authors: KERR BARBARA A. , COLANGELO NICHOLAS
Published: December 2011

Academically talented students scoring in the 95th and 99th percentiles on the 1986 ACTs were compared to each other and to “high average” students scoring in the 80th percentile in terms of their choices for college majors, extracurricular plans, and desires for services. Academically talented students were found to be narrow in their choices of majors but broad in their extracurricular interests. Although uninterested in personal counseling, they are demanding of career counseling, independent study, and honors opportunities.
Multicultural Peer Counseling: A Developmental Perspective and Rationale
Authors: STOKES DEVON R. , GONZALES MIKE , ROWE DARYL , ROMERO DAN , ADAMS MARIKYO , LYONS SANDRA , RAYFIELD GINA E.
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on the creation and growth of a peer counseling program assisting ethnic minority college students. A brief rationale of the program is offered. Problems are described and recommendations are made for subsequent program deuelopment.
New Directions in Career Guidance: A Special Report for the Profession
Authors: RYAN CHARLES W. , LEVINSON EDWARD M.
Published: December 2011

Bonaparte, G., Chapman, J., & Steinberg, J. (1987). Michigan: Two career guidance models. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 142–143.

Greenwood, K. (1987). Counseling adults in career transition. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 44–46.

Herr, E.L. (1987). Comprehensive career guidance and vocational education: Natural allies. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 30–33.

Lambert, R. (1987). A guide to career information. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 34–36.

Lester, J.N., & McCormac, M.E. (1987). The NOICC career guidance standards project. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 47–48.

Otto, L.B. (1987). Parents: Key advisors. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 37–38.
Making Ideas Work: Ralph Bedell and the NDEA Institutes
Authors: BOURNE BONNIE
Published: December 2011

Ralph Bedell, professor emeritus of educational and counseling psychology, was interviewed to gain insight info the influence of the National Defense Counseling and Guidance Institutes on the history of counseling and to learn about the man who was responsible for the NDEA program.
Counselors' Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: A Selective Review of the Literature
Authors: RUDOLPH JAMES
Published: December 2011

A selective review of counselors' and psychotherapists' attitudes toward homosexuality is presented. Analysis of the patterns emerging from published survey literature reveals considerable division and contradiction in the attitudes reported. The author proposes the source of such inconsistency to be the mixed messages mental health personnel receive from their professional organizations, which affirm gay self‐determination, and society‐at‐large, which is generally gay‐negating. Recommendations are offered for practitioners working with homosexual clients.
Adolescent Bereavement Following Suicide: An Examination of Relevant Literature
Authors: VALENTE SHARON M. , SAUNDERS JUDITH , STREET REBEKAH
Published: December 2011

For adolescents, a loved one's death by suicide is a tragic event linked with increased morbidity, death fears, and psychopathology. For these reasons, the links between bereavement after suicide and the subsequent development of adolescents (including increased suicide risks) require further study. In the existing literature, inconsistent definitions of adolescence are used, samples of adolescents are drawn from those in psychotherapy, and other methodological problems exist.
Menopause: Salient Issues for Counselors
Authors: PATTERSON MARILYN M. , LYNCH ANN Q.
Published: December 2011

Counselors are in ideal positions to help change attitudes toward viewing menopause as a time of positive change, rather than a time of psychological distress. Following definitions and a review of historical, sociological, psychological, and attitudinal factors that account for negative responses associated with menopause, recommendations for counselor interventions are proposed.
Attitudes Toward Counselors and Counseling Processes: A Comparison of Chinese and American Graduate Students
Authors: MAU WEI‐CHENG , JEPSEN DAVID A.
Published: December 2011

Graduate students socialized in separate cultural settings, Taiwan and the United States, but studying at the same large university were surveyed about their (a) preferences for counselor's characteristics, (b) images of a counselor, and (c) attitudes toward counseling and counseling services. Results show that Chinese and American students have different preferences for and images of a counselor. Although both groups have positive attitudes toward seeking counseling, they know very little about the counseling resources and locations available. The groups also differ in their expectations of the counseling process. Some sex differences were indicated, but no clear pattern emerged.
A Gender Role Workshop Focused on Sexism, Gender Role Conflict, and the Gender Role Journey
Authors: O'NEIL JAMES M. , CARROLL MARIANNE ROBERTS
Published: December 2011

A 6‐day gender role workshop for adult men and women, using the phases of the gender role journey, is presented. The workshop's curriculum and process are described, including its assumptions, norms, and media. Movie clips, music, music videos, and academic content were used to promote participants' learning in both the cognitive and affective domains. Systematic follow‐up evaluations of participants (N=84) in three separate workshops are reported using Likert scaled questions. These evaluations assessed participants' personal learning, emotional reactions, and the workshop's overall impact over l‐month and 1‐and 2‐year follow‐up periods. Results indicate that participants were affected personally and professionally over the various time periods.
Dilemmas of Power and Equality in Marital and Family Counseling: Proposals for a Feminist Perspective
Authors: ENNS CAROLYN ZERBE
Published: December 2011

The author compares the assumptions and practices emerging from family systems and feminist counseling. Three major areas of convergence and divergence are examined: (a) the nature of problem definitions, (b) notions about power and appropriate sex roles in relationships, and (c) characteristics of the therapeutic relationship. A feminist perspective, which attends to societal concerns as well as issues within the nuclear family, has the potential for improving marital and family counseling. Suggestions are provided for integrating family systems and feminist concepts.
A Comparison of Paper‐and‐Pencil and Computer Versions of the Self‐Directed Search
Authors: REARDON ROBERT , LOUGHEAD TERI
Published: December 2011

A study was undertaken to assess the equivalence of the paper‐and‐pencil and computer versions of the Self‐Directed Search (SDS) for 62 college students. The results showed a significant positive correlation in SDS scores for the two SDS forms; however, users strongly preferred the computer format.
A Component Analysis of Marriage Enrichment: Information and Treatment Modality
Authors: WORTHINGTON EVERETT L. , BUSTON BEVERLEY G. , HAMMONDS T. MICHAEL
Published: December 2011

Two primary components were identified in marriage enrichment programs: information about marital life (or none) and discussion among married couples (or none). Student couples (N = 36) volunteered for a marriage enrichment program and were assigned to one of four conditions: (1) assessment only, (2) information only (received by couples), (3) an unstructured discussion group, and (4) a structured group with both information and group discussion. Information had little apparent effect on couples, but discussion in groups improved couples' marriage satisfaction and their sexual and intellectual intimacy throughout the study relative to couples not receiving group discussion. Improvement was thought to be due to the group discussion heightening couples' attention to how they use their time as a couple.
People With Disabilities: An Update
Authors: FAGAN THOMAS K. , JENKINS WILLIAM M.
Published: December 2011

An update of information presented in the original article (Fagan & Wallace, 1979), this article provides more recent figures on handicapping conditions in school‐age and adult populations. The title and language usage have been changed to reflect current understanding of the connection between descriptive language and attitudes toward people with disabilities. Changes in federal legislation, interpretations, and their impact are presented. To complement the original article, the update focuses more heavily on adult handicapping conditions and rehabilitation services.
Life's Challenges: Curse or Opportunity? Counseling Families of Persons With Disabilities
Authors: HULNICK MARY R. , HULNICK H. RONALD
Published: December 2011

Disability is viewed as an opportunity for reframing physical and emotional difficulties. In accepting responsibility, clients recognize that, even in the most difficult of circumstances, they have the ability to choose how they wil respond. Strategies for facilitating personal healing and empowerment are explored, including self‐forgiveness and positive self‐talk.
School and Rehabilitation Counselor Preparation: Meeting the Needs of Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: HOSIE THOMAS W. , PATTERSON JEANNE BOLAND , HOLLINGSWORTH DAVID K.
Published: December 2011

In preparing students to work with individuals with disabilities, school and rehabilitation counselor educators face a number of challenges. Highlighting the major changes that have occurred in the 10 years following Hosie's (1979) recommendations for counselor preparation, this article suggests many competencies that are required to meet these challenges and describes how they can be integrated within the applicable accreditation guidelines.
Counseling Persons With Disabilities: Summary and Projections
Authors: LOMBANA JUDY H.
Published: December 2011

The author summarizes the findings of the other articles in this feature in terms of progress made during the last decade, as well as problems remaining. The author proposes several idealistic scenarios for counselors and other human development specialists to use as guidelines for future work with people who are disabled.
The Empty Nest Syndrome: Myth or Reality?
Authors: RAUP JANA L. , MYERS JANE E.
Published: December 2011

The “empty nest” period of life is mythologized and misunderstood. Attributes of the postparental period, normative and pathological responses, and implications for counselors are explored.
AIDS on Campus: A Preliminary Study of College Students' Knowledge and Behaviors
Authors: GRAY LIZBETH A. , SARACINO MARIE
Published: December 2011

This preliminary study examined the possible relationship between knowledge about AIDS, subjective perception of the risk of contracting AIDS, and sexual behavior in a sample of undergraduate college students (N = 459). The majority of the students indicated that AIDS was not an issue of personal concern. Students were generally informed about AIDS, although one‐third of the students were unclear about the transmission of the disease through casual contact. Data analysis indicated that no relationship existed between accurate knowledge about AIDS and sexual behavior. The relationship between self‐assessment of personal risk for AIDS and reduced sexual contacts was found to be significant at the .01 level. Recommendations are made regarding AIDS educational and counseling approaches among college students. Please note that the term AIDS is used to represent the presence of HIV antibodies, AIDS‐related complex (ARC), and diagnosed AIDS.
Understanding and Treating Perfectionistic College Students
Authors: HALGIN RICHARD P. , LEAHY PETER M.
Published: December 2011

In the first part of this article we present several perspectives on maladaptive perfectionism and discuss the origins and characteristics of this cognitive‐behavioral pattern. In the second part of the article, we offer some recommendations for treating college students who are troubled by ego‐dystonic perfectionism.
How They View Their Role: A Survey of Counselors in Different Secondary Schools
Authors: TENNYSON W. WESLEY , MILLER G. DEAN , SKOVHOLT THOMAS M. , WILLIAMS R. CRAIG
Published: December 2011

This study investigated how counselors in differently structured secondary schools look at their functions. Differences found were examined in relationship to expectations set forth in professional guidelines.
Noncognitive Predictors of Counseling Center Use by International Students
Authors: BOYER SUSAN P. , SEDLACEK WILLIAM E.
Published: December 2011

International students (N= 230) completed the Noncognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) prior to matriculation as freshmen. Results indicated that noncognitive variables, shown previously to be predictive of academic success for international students, also were predictive of their utilization of counseling center services over a 4‐year period. The three noncognitive variables that significantly (p<.05) predicted counseling center use were understanding and ability to deal with racism, preference for long‐term goals over short‐term, immediate needs, and non‐traditional ways of acquiring knowledge. Implications for designing outreach and counseling services for international students are discussed.
The Effect of Several Self‐Disclosure Permutations on Counseling Process and Outcome
Authors: DONLEY RITA J. , HORAN JOHN J. , DeSHONG RALPH L.
Published: December 2011

Sixty male college seniors with deficient job‐interviewing skills were randomly assigned to one of five cells in a 2 × 2 + 1 design. The presence or absence of two kinds of counselor self‐disclosures was crossed and embedded in a standard interview skills‐training program. The standard program and an additional no‐treatment cell served as control conditions. Four different counselors treating participants on an individual basis provided predetermined, genuine self‐disclosures at different points in the interviews. Their self‐disclosures reflected the qualities of intimacy and/or skill display. Comparisons between the existential and coping‐mastery model literatures were drawn. The supposition that counselor self‐disclosures lead to improvements in counseling process and outcome was not supported.
Personally Speaking: The Endless Vita: You Can't Get Enough of What You Don't Need
Authors: PONZO ZANDER
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085‐1699.
Grief Counseling: A Funeral Home—Based Model
Authors: RIORDAN RICHARD J. , ALLEN LAURELL
Published: December 2011

Loss and grief are issues that require special understanding and skills from the counselor. This article describes how one funeral home implemented an innovative response to loss involving death by inaugurating a thorough professional grief counseling program for its clientele and the community it serves.
Responding to Student or Teacher Death: Preplanning Crisis Intervention
Authors: SORENSEN JAMES R.
Published: December 2011

Crisis caused by the sudden death of a student or teacher can be averted or diminished via a preplanned team intervention approach. The guidelines and strategies of a field‐proven intervention program are described.
Assessing White Racial Consciousness and Perceived Comfort with Black Individuals: A Preliminary Study
Authors: CLANEY DAWN , PARKER WOODROW M.
Published: December 2011

This research examined the relationship between White racial consciousness development and perceived comfort with Black individuals. Participants were 339 White undergraduate students from a large southeastern state university who were asked to complete a two‐part inventory: part one measuring White racial consciousness development (a five‐stage scale) and part two measuring perceived comfort in situations involving Black individuals. An eta coefficient was calculated, providing evidence for the existence of a strong curvilinear relationship between White racial consciousness and perceived comfort with Black individuals η =.23 at p<.0001. These findings suggest that Whites who are completely foreclosed (stage one) or who are well acquainted with Blacks (stage five) are more comfortable in situations with Blacks than Whites who had a moderate amount of contact with them (stages two, three, and four).
Primary Prevention in University Residence Halls: Paraprofessional‐Led Relationship Enhancement Groups for College Roommates
Authors: WALDO MICHAEL
Published: December 2011

The author examined the effect of Relationship Enhancement training as a preventive intervention with college roommates. Trained paraprofessional counselors (resident assistants) led 20 Relationship Skills Workshops for students in their living units. The workshops (four 2‐hour sessions each) were based on the Relationship Enhancement method and involved training students in expressive (subjective self‐disclosure) and empathic (demonstrating understanding) skills. Students were randomly assigned to workshops either early (experimental group) or late (delayed treatment control group) in the semester. Assessments of students' expressive and empathic skills when discussing personal concerns and conflicts with their roommates were made on all participants at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester. Results show significantly higher level skills for the trained experimental group in comparison to the as‐yet untrained delayed‐treatment control group at the middle of the semester, and that significant improvement occurred in both groups following their respective participation in training, suggesting training was effective.
Behind the Label “Alcoholic”
Authors: WRIGHT DEBORAH M.
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085‐1699.
In Memory: Rene A. Ruiz
Authors: ROMERO DAN , SILVA SUSAN MILLER , ROMERO PATRICIA STEVENS
Published: December 2011

The life and professional contributions of Rene A. Ruiz are remembered by family, friends, and colleagues. Ruiz's trailblazing work on Hispanic issues in counseling and psychology places him among the ranks of the true pioneers in the field. His career as a counselor, teacher, writer, and researcher spanned three decades prior to his untimely death in 1982.

On December 13, 1982, a heart attack claimed the life of Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences Book Review Editor Rene A. Ruiz at the young age of 53. His death was unexpected as he was in good health. With his death, his friends have lost a witty and charming man of high ideals and moral integrity. (Padilla, 1983, p. 137)
Bibliotherapy: Does It Work?
Authors: RIORDAN RICHARD J. , WILSON LINDA S.
Published: December 2011

Bibliotherapy continues to be used by counselors as an adjunctive technique in their professional work. This article updates the research literature and reports conflicting responses to the question, “Does bibliotherapy work?”
A Teambuilding Model: Appreciating Differences Using the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator with Developmental Theory
Authors: RIDEOUT CHRISTINA A. , RICHARDSON SUSAN A.
Published: December 2011

Effective teambuilding is a critical aspect of management. The concept of appreciation of differences through understanding personality types and female/male developmental theory adds previously unexplored dimensions to teambuilding. The authors present a teambuilding model using the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator and female/male developmental theory.

“And in understanding me you might come to prize my differences from you, and, far from seeking to change me, preserve and even nurture those differences.” (Keirsey & Bates, 1984, p. 1)
Review of the Comprehensive Assessment Program: Achievement Series
Authors: PETERSON GARY W. , PIOTROWSKI WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

A school's achievement tests influence how students are evaluated by teachers, parents, counselors, and, eventually, the students themselves. Counselors, as a consequence, need to work with different constituencies in the school system to ensure that achievement tests are providing useful information and are being used constructively. For this function, counselors work as members and, perhaps, as leaders of a team. The following article summarizes the process and findings of a school district's evaluation of an achievement test to illustrate a team evaluation and the kind of evidence a team uses in recommending adoption or rejection of a test.
Moving Through Loss: The Spiritual Journey of Gay Men and Lesbian Women
Authors: RITTER KATHLEEN Y. , O'NEILL CRAIG W.
Published: December 2011

This article describes losses of gay men and lesbian women relative to their relationship with traditional religion and the mental health profession. By helping their clients reframe these losses into opportunities for transformation, counselors can facilitate spiritual integration both within and beyond the context of Judeo‐Christian spiritualities.
Gay Identity Issues Among Black Americans: Racism, Homophobia, and the Need for Validation
Authors: LOIACANO DARRYL K.
Published: December 2011

There is little available literature on gay and lesbian identity among Black Americans. This exploratory study involved interviewing a total of six Black‐American gay men and lesbian women regarding gay identity development issues. Data pertaining to the interviewees' experiences of gay identity development were obtained through a questionnaire of six open‐ended questions and an interview with each participant lasting 1 to 2 hours. This article presents some of the significant challenges faced by those who were interviewed regarding their sense of self‐acceptance, both as Blacks in the predominantly White gay and lesbian community and as gay men and lesbian women in the predominantly heterosexual Black community. The implications of these issues for future research and counseling intervention are discussed. In this article the term gay identity is generally used in reference to both men and women. When women are being discussed exclusively, however, the term lesbian identity is used.
Factors Related to Counselor Preference Among Gays and Lesbians
Authors: MCDERMOTT DIANE , TYNDALL LARRY , LICHTENBERG JAMES W.
Published: December 2011

This study explored the preference for counselor's sexual orientation among gay and lesbian clients. Recognizing that the perceived reaction of participants to hypothetical situations may be a viable predictor of future choices, respondents were administered a comfort/discomfort index intended to probe a number of potential counseling concerns. Internalized homophobia (Hudson & Ricketts, 1977) and a scale measuring degree of same‐ or opposite‐sex sexual preferences (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebbhard, 1953) were also investigated in an attempt to account for variance in the comfort/discomfort ratings. Findings indicated that gay men and lesbians tend to prefer gay or lesbian counselors, although a sizable number believe that counselors' sexual orientations do not make a difference. Internalized homophobia was found to predict discomfort in discussing various topics with a counselor of unknown sexual orientation.
Psychological Adjustment of Lesbians and Gay Men
Authors: MIRANDA JEANNE , STORMS MICHEAL
Published: December 2011

Previous research has documented that lesbians and gay men proceed through a series of stages in developing a positive lesbian and gay identity. The relationship between lesbian and gay identity and subsequent psychological adjustment has not been evaluated. These empirical studies found that positive lesbian and gay identity is related to psychological adjustment as measured by lower neurotic anxiety and greater ego strength in both an older and a younger sample of lesbians and gay men. Two coping strategies—self‐labeling as a homosexual and self‐disclosure of sexual orientation to others—were related to development of a positive lesbian or gay identity. These findings suggest that development of a positive lesbian or gay identity is an important task in promoting the psychological adjustment of lesbians and gay men.
Lesbian Partner Abuse: Implications for Therapists
Authors: MORROW SUSAN L. , HAWXHURST DONNA M.
Published: December 2011

Silence surrounds the issue of lesbian battering. Lesbian victims of partner abuse are even less likely than are their heterosexual counterparts to seek help in shelters or from counselors because of the overlay of homophobia that exists both in the battered women's movement and among mental health professionals. In addition, many lesbian and many lesbian‐supportive therapists hold an idealized and unrealistic picture of the nature of lesbian relationships, leading them to deny the existence of buttering among lesbian couples. The nature, severity, and prevalence of abuse in lesbian relationships is addressed; current counseling and treatment models dealing with battering relationships are analyzed; and a counselor advocacy model for working with lesbian partner abuse, drawing from the experience of activists in the battered women's movement and our clinical experience, is suggested.
Human lmmunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Gay Community: Counseling and Clinical Issues
Authors: MARTIN DAVID J.
Published: December 2011

The gay community has been and continues to be disproportionately affected by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Need for risk‐reduction education, mental health service provision, and assistance in grieving the ongoing loss of loved ones continues to exist among members of the gay community. Clinicians who work with gay clients should be aware of the critical issues confronting gay men who are at risk for infection, those who may already be infected with HIV, and their loved ones. This article highlights critical issues in introducing prevention in therapy and counseling, in supporting asymptomatic seropositive gay men and gay men with AIDS‐related complex (ARC) and AIDS in their attempts to cope, and in assisting in the grieving process for those who have lost loved ones to AIDS‐related illnesses.
Chemical Dependency and Eating Disorders: Are They Really so Different?
Authors: COOPER STEWART E.
Published: December 2011

A biopsychosocial perspective is developed to help counselors integrate assessment, treatment, evaluation, and research with chemical dependency and eating disorders addictions. Although different in content and symptoms, the underlying similarities between these clinical syndromes are clearly seen through this paradigm.
An Interdepartmental Self‐Management Lab: A Self‐Help Approach to Student Development
Authors: ALLEN DEBORAH R. , WORKMAN GAIL
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a self‐help information and referral center for students that provides pamphlets, files, books, audiocassettes, videotapes, and computer programs on more than 100 topics related to health, personal growth, and academic skills. The center is located in a university library and is jointly sponsored by three departments.
Self‐Report Reconsidered: A Further Look at its Advantages as an Assessment Technique
Authors: OSBERG TIMOTHY M.
Published: December 2011

Laing (1988) has discussed some of the potential virtues of the use of clients' self‐reports in the assessment process. In this article I respond to some of the issues raised by Laing and attempt to provide counselors with some additional information on the value and the limitations of the use of self‐report in psychological assessment. The empirical literature is used as a basis for making recommendations about when and for whom reliance on self‐report is appropriate and how the accuracy of self‐report data can be maximized.
Hans Zacharias Hoxter: Building Counseling Internationally
Authors: IVEY ALLEN E.
Published: December 2011

Counseling is an international phenomenon. This interview presents the lifework of Hans Hoxter and illustrates how the American counseling movement affects and is affected by multinational and multicultural conceptions.
A Perspective for Roffers, Cooper, and Sultanoff
Authors: ANDERSON DEBRA DECKER
Published: December 2011

Roffers, Cooper, and Sultanoff conclude that there is support for the use of skill‐based training methods to increase counselor trainees' skill applications, but there is a great need to assess whether trainees' skills lead to positive client outcome. The author presents a perspective on the extensive evidence that already exists to support the connection between trainees' skills and positive client outcome.
A Counselor's Guide to the Assessment of Depression
Authors: PONTEROTTO JOSEPH G. , PACE TERRY M. , KAVAN MICHAEL G.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses various methods and procedures for assessing depression in clients. The following eight clinician rating and client self‐report measures of depression are reviewed on the basis of their psychometric properties and applied pragmatic utility: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐Scale 2 (Depression), the Depression Adjective Checklists, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist‐90, and the Children's Depression Inventory.
Elizabeth Adele Greenleaf: Having Some Fun Getting the Job Done
Authors: HUNTER DEBORAH ELLEN , KUH GEORGE D.
Published: December 2011

Elizabeth Adele Greenleaf, professor and coordinator of College Student Personnel Administration at Indiana University, made significant contributions to the development of the student affairs profession through her leadership as an educator, administrator, and mentor.