bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tomeito or Tomahto: Exploring consumer's accent and their engagement with artificially intelligent interactive voice assistants
Authors: Sattarapu Praveen Kumar , Wadera Deepti , Nguyen Nguyen Phong , Kaur Jaspreet , Kaur Sumeet , Mogaji Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Artificially intelligent interactive voice assistants (AIIVAs) are developed to understand language, but there is limited insight into their ability to understand accents. While there have been substantial advancements in understanding multiple languages by AIIVAs, having an understanding of variety of accents is an emerging concern. To address these concerns, we contextualised our study in India, one of the world's most populated and diverse countries with varying accents and dialects. Study 1 collected qualitative data through semi structured interviews with participants, data was subsequently thematically analysed, and a typology was developed with respect to the context of use and consumers' emotional and rational reactions towards AIIVAs when interacting with accents. For Study 2, we implemented the quantitative research method. This was done to reiterate the conceptual model formulated from the qualitative research findings. Findings suggest that positive emotional action has emerged as the most significant factor, followed by rational action and negative emotional action. This study contributes significantly to the theoretical understanding of future consumer behaviour and human‐computer interaction trends. It provides practical implications for managers, tech developers, and other companies working and using speech‐to‐text automatic speech recognition to know that while they train their algorithms with languages, they should be mindful of the diverse accents of their consumers.
Tetracycline‐Inducible and Reversible Stable Gene Expression in Human iPSC‐Derived Neural Progenitors and in the Postnatal Mouse Brain
Authors: Linesch Paul W. , Akhtar Aslam Abbasi , Breunig Joshua J.
Published: June 2023

Our group has developed several approaches for stable, non‐viral integration of inducible transgenic elements into the genome of mammalian cells. Specifically, a piggyBac tetracycline‐inducible genetic element of interest (pB‐tet‐GOI) plasmid system allows for stable piggyBac transposition–mediated integration into cells, identification of cells that have been transfected using a fluorescent nuclear reporter, and robust transgene activation or suppression upon the addition of doxycycline (dox) to the cell culture or the diet of the animal. Furthermore, the addition of luciferase downstream of the target gene allows for quantitative assessment of gene activity in a non‐invasive manner. More recently, we have developed a transgenic system as an alternative to piggyBac called mosaic analysis by dual recombinase–mediated cassette exchange (MADR), as well as additional in vitro transfection techniques and in vivo dox chow applications. The protocols herein provide instructions for the use of this system in cell lines and in the neonatal mouse brain. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Cloning of respective genetic element of interest (GOI) into response plasmid

Basic Protocol 2: In vitro nucleofection of iPSC‐derived human/mouse neural progenitor cells and subsequent derivation of stable inducible cell lines

Alternate Protocol: In vitro electroporation of iPSC‐derived human/mouse neural progenitor cells

Support Protocol: Recovery stage after in vitro transfection

Basic Protocol 3: Adding doxycycline to cells to induce/reverse GOI

Basic Protocol 4: Assessing gene expression in vitro by non‐invasive bioluminescence imaging of luciferase activity
Artificial intelligence assisted with designing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Rabiee Navid
Published: June 2023

This article discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the design and engineering of porous inorganic nanomaterials, with a special focus on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are highly porous nanomaterials with a large surface area, making them ideal for various applications, including gas storage, catalysis, and drug/gene delivery. Machine learning algorithms can analyze large datasets of MOF structures and properties to identify trends and correlations, and this information can be used to predict the properties of new MOFs. AI can also optimize MOF properties for specific applications, predict the optimal synthesis conditions for a given MOF structure, and design new ligands and metal ions for MOF synthesis. Mathematical models and tools, such as molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations, can be used in conjunction with AI algorithms to improve the accuracy and efficiency of MOF synthesis. The article also explores whether AI can design a new MOF, highlighting the complex nature of the question and the different perspectives that need to be considered.
Selenium Analogue of LSZ102 as a Highly Potent ER‐α Binder
Authors: Paegle Edgars , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and downregulators (SERDs) are used as the first‐line medical treatment for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors. Herein we report synthesis, ER‐α binding activity, and cytotoxicity of LSZ102 selenium analogues 11 and 28. TR‐FRET competitive ER‐α binding experiments and cytotoxicity assays have shown that the selenium analogues exhibit closely related activity to LSZ102. Furthermore, the prepared selenium analogues are not toxic in rat cardiomyoblasts (H9C2), indicating that substituted benzo[b]selenophene is a prospective scaffold for the development of ER‐α modulators and downregulators for the treatment of ER+ cancers.
Effect of pretreatment parameters and binder concentration on the densification of wood residue
Authors: Sarwar M. Asim , Irfan Muhammad , Tabish Asif Nadeem , Mahmood Khan Haris , Waqas Iqbal Muhammad , Fatima Hira , Iqbal Tanveer
Published: June 2023

Pakistan is a farming and agricultural country facing energy issues from many years due to an increase in population and lack of technological development. Biomass is usually considered a waste. It is a major renewable energy source that is abundantly present in Pakistan. The wood residue is one of the potential biomasses to be used for energy purposes. Wood residue densification is considered a source of energy in this article. The effect of different pretreatments and binders (natural and synthetic) concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) on the densification of wood residue are analyzed. In addition to this, densified biomass pellets are characterized by physical, mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. The results indicated that densified pellets with 5% natural binder (rice binder) are found to be better in physical, mechanical, and thermal properties (IRI = 316, HV = 5396.3 Cal/g). The durability of the pellets with binder concentration is found to be linked with the bonding characteristics. It shows insights into the use of different biomass materials for energy generation to fulfill the demands of increasing commercialization and population. It indicates future prospects for better access to energy, reliable quality of air, and security of energy simultaneously while avoiding the harmful effects of climate change.
Ownership of small livestock species, but not aggregate livestock, is associated with an increased risk of anemia among children in Ethiopia: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zerfu Taddese Alemu , Abera Amare , Duncan Alan , Baltenweck Isabelle , McNeill Geraldine
Published: June 2023

Consumption of animal source foods, through livestock production, improves children's growth and micronutrient status. However, research on the relationship between livestock ownership and childhood anemia has produced conflicting results. The current study used robust analytical approaches to examine the effect of household livestock ownership on children's anemia using the most recent secondary data from the national demographic and health survey. We followed a 1:1 closest neighborhood propensity score matching analysis. A propensity score was generated using the binary logistic regression model to compute the probability of owning livestock. From a total of 18,008 households enrolled in the latest Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016), data of 721 index children aged 6–59 months from households owning livestock were matched with a comparable number (721) of children from households without livestock. The paired and independent t‐test, matched relative risk (RR), and standardized mean differences were used to compare the distributions of hemoglobin concentration and anemia risks between treatment and control groups. Anemia was found in more than half (54.1% and 58.8%) of children aged 6–59 months from livestock‐owning and nonowning families, respectively (p > .05). Aggregate ownership of livestock was not associated with hemoglobin concentration or anemia status (RR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [0.87–1.04]). Species‐wise, poultry was associated with a lower (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.84–0.95]) anemia risk, while ownership of goat/sheep was associated with higher (RR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.03–1.17]) risk. In conclusion, ownership of small livestock species (sheep/goats and poultry), but not aggregate livestock ownership, was associated with the risk of anemia among children in Ethiopia. Therefore, agriculture‐sensitive nutrition, with a One Health lens approach, is recommended to mitigate the high burden of anemia among children in Ethiopia. In the future, a well‐controlled interventional study with more extended periods may be required to fully understand the effects of livestock production and highlight the differences seen across livestock species.
Advanced polymer materials‐based electronic skins for tactile and non‐contact sensing applications
Authors: Yin Feifei , Niu Hongsen , Kim Eun‐Seong , Shin Young Kee , Li Yang , Kim Nam‐Young
Published: June 2023

Recently, polymer materials have been at the forefront of other materials in building high‐performance flexible electronic skin (e‐skin) devices due to conspicuous advantages including excellent mechanical flexibility, good compatibility, and high plasticity. However, most research works just paid considerable attention and effort to the design, construction, and possible application of e‐skins that reproduce the tactile perception of the human skin sensory system. Compared with tactile sensing devices, e‐skins that aim to imitate the non‐contact sensing features in the sensory system of human skin tend to avoid undesired issues such as bacteria spreading and mechanical wear. To further promote the development of e‐skins to the human skin sensory system where tactile perception and non‐contact sensing complement each other, significant progress and advances have been achieved in the field of polymer materials enabled e‐skins for both tactile perception and non‐contact sensing applications. In this review, the latest progress in polymer material‐based e‐skins with regard to tactile, non‐contact sensing capabilities and their practical applications are introduced. The fabrication strategies of polymer materials and their role in building high‐performance e‐skins for tactile and non‐contact sensing are highlighted. Furthermore, we also review the research works that integrated the polymer‐based tactile and non‐contact e‐skins into robots and prostheses, smart gloves, and VR/AR devices and addressed some representative problems to demonstrate their suitability in practical applications in human–machine interactions. Finally, the current challenges in the construction of high‐performance tactile and non‐contact e‐skins are highlighted and promising properties in this direction, by taking advantage of the polymer materials, are outlined.

image
Dental school quality assessment: Effect of student calibration on the outcomes of fixed prosthodontic cases
Authors: Capehart Kim L. , Harris Ronald L. , Britton Eduardo E. , Fielden Michelle R. , Hammond Barry D. , Babb Courtney S. , Young Nancy B.
Published: June 2023

Background

Quality assurance (QA) of predoctoral dental student laboratory work is an essential part of the learning process that involves evaluating the student's ability, providing constructive feedback, helping develop the students' ability to self‐assess, and promoting collegiality and communication among students, faculty, and laboratories. Faculty calibration, while often difficult to coordinate, is also necessary to providing consistent student feedback.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether periodic calibration exercises with the fourth‐year dental students and faculty impacted the number of student cases rejected during Quality Assurance evaluation of fixed prosthodontic cases submitted to The Dental College of Georgia laboratory tracking.

Conclusion

Findings from this study provided evidence that ongoing calibration did result in a reduced number of incoming QA rejections in all periods reviewed except for one in which there was significant turnover among department faculty affecting QA calibration for that time period.
Late infantile and adult‐onset metachromatic leukodystrophy due to novel missense variants in the PSAP gene: Case report from India
Authors: Sheth Jayesh , Nair Aadhira , Bhavsar Riddhi , Shah Heli , Tayade Naresh , Prabha C. Ratna , Sheth Frenny , Sheth Harsh
Published: June 2023

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) due to Sap‐B deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused due to biallelic variants in the PSAP gene. The PSAP gene encodes a precursor protein prosaposin, which is subsequently cleaved to form four active glycoproteins: Sap‐A, Sap‐B, Sap‐C, and Sap‐D. In case of deficiency of the sphingolipid activator protein Sap‐B, there is a gradual accumulation of cerebroside‐3‐sulfate in the myelin of the nervous system resulting in progressive demyelination. Only 12 variants have been reported in the PSAP gene causing Sap‐B deficiency to date. Here, we report two cases of MLD due to Sap‐B deficiency (late‐infantile and adult‐onset form) harboring two novel missense variants c.688T > G and c.593G > A in the PSAP gene respectively. This study reports the third case of adult‐onset MLD due to Sap‐B deficiency in the world. The proband, a 3‐year‐old male child presented with complaints of hypotonia, lower limb tremors and global developmental delay. His MRI showed hyperintense signals in the bilateral cerebellar white matter. Overall, the findings were suggestive of metachromatic leukodystrophy. The second case was a 19‐year‐old male child with clinical features of regression of speech, gait ataxia and bilateral tremors referred to our clinic. MRI data suggested metachromatic leukodystrophy. Normal enzyme activity of arylsulfatase‐A led to a suspicion of saposin B deficiency. For both cases, targeted sequencing was performed. This identified homozygous variant c.688T > G (p.Cys230Gly) and c.593G > A (p.Cys198Tyr) in exon 6 of the PSAP gene, respectively.
An insight into the impact of climate factors associated with altitude on wheat volatiles’ fingerprints at harvest using multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: De Flaviis Riccardo , Santarelli Veronica , Sacchetti Giampiero , Mastrocola Dino
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Climate changes associated with global warming are increasingly affecting the quality of cultivated crops. Cultivation at different altitudes and similar latitudes may offer an extraordinarily useful opportunity to obtain a diversificated dataset of climate variables and to further investigate their effect on crop quality. This study evaluated the effect of climate indices – temperature, rainfall precipitation and solar radiation data – on commercial parameters and the volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of wheat at harvest.

RESULTS

Three common and durum wheat varieties, including two heritage wheats, were sown in experimental fields sited at three altitudes for 3 years consecutively, and they were analyzed for their yield, grading parameters, and VOC profiles. The datasets were processed by partial least squares regression (PLS‐R) and the results indicate that summer days (SU25) and diurnal temperature range (ΔT) are the climate indices mainly responsible for the VOC profile changes in both common and durum wheat. Accumulated growth degree days (GDD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and accumulated solar radiation (ASR) induced species‐specific responses. Terpenes represented the chemical class of VOCs most affected by stresses, followed by ketones and alcohols, which were affected by CDD, GDD, and ASR.

CONCLUSION

This study showed a selective response of wheat to abiotic stresses associated with climate variables in terms of VOC synthesis. Its findings may be relevant in several fields, from plant ecology to agronomy and food quality, with implications for local economic strategies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Residue analysis of 10 aminoglycoside antibiotics in aquatic products by multiwalled carbon nanotubes combined with mixed‐mode ion exchange liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Junlu Bai , Pengfei He , Junjie Zeng , Xiaojun Zhang , Yi Fang , Peipei Ll
Published: June 2023

An ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of aminoglycosides in edible parts of aquatic products. The samples were extracted with 10 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution, then the pH value of the extract was adjusted to neutral by sodium hydroxide. Half volume of the extract was loaded onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes cartridge. All the target compounds were separated on a mixed‐mode ion exchange column and detected by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray in the positive ionization mode. Under optimized conditions, this method had a good linearity with a squared correlation coefficient > 0.999. For neomycin, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were 5.0 μg/kg and 10.0 μg/kg, respectively; for hygromycin B and apramycin, values were 2.0 μg/kg and 5.0 μg/kg, respectively; for the other seven kinds of aminoglycosides, values were 1.0 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries presented 75.8%–107.2% with intra‐ and interday reproducibility ranging between 3.8% and 12.5%. The method was rapid with good separation and sharp peak shapes, had the characteristicsis of high accuracy and good precision, and was suitable for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of aminoglycosides in aquatic products.
Reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders
Authors: Tuz‐Hrycyna Natalia , Rzepakowska Anna , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: June 2023

Background

The comprehensive counseling of patients with olfactory dysfunctions requires accurate diagnosis. The recommendations include subjective assessment. The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) is a disease‐specific questionnaire for the subjective evaluation of olfactory dysfunctions.

Material

The study included 54 patients with olfactory dysfunctions, who were recruited to the study group (SG). The other 47 patients without the history of olfactory dysfunction and nasal cavity pathology were voluntarily allocated to the control group (CG). The protocol of the study was introduced to each patient and included: olfactory testing with Sniffin' Stick test, fulfillment of the Polish version of World Health Organization Quality of Life brief questionnaire and completing of the Polish version of the QOD. All participants (101) were invited for refilling the QOD questionnaire after 2 weeks for the test–retest statistics.

Results

The Polish QOD statements were significantly correlated and met the requirement by having test–retest correlation larger than 0.7. We found that internal consistency of the test measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient was very high. The mean scores of the QOD test in normosmic SG patients were compared with corresponding scores in normosmic CG patients using U Mann–Whitney test. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences on mean QOD scores for each domains except QOD‐S between both groups.

Conclusions

The Polish version of the QOD demonstrated high rate of the validity and the reliability. This instrument may be widely used in research projects and clinical practice concerning olfactory disorders in Polish patients.

Level of Evidence

NA.
Echo grid integration: A novel method for preprocessing multibeam water column data to quantify underwater gas bubble emissions
Authors: Urban Peter , Veloso‐Alarcón Mario E. , Greinert Jens
Published: June 2023

Water column imaging multibeam echo sounder systems (MBESs) are a promising technology for quantitative estimates of the gas bubble volume flow within large gas seepage areas. Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward applicable calibration methods for MBESs as well as developing inversion models to convert acoustically measured backscattering cross sections to gas bubble volume flow. However, MBESs are still not commonly used for quantitative gas flow assessments. A reason for this is the absence of published processing methods that demonstrate how MBES data can be processed to quantitatively represent bubble streams. Here, we present a novel method (echo grid integration) that allows for assessing the aggregated backscattering cross section of targets within horizontal water layers. This derived value enables quantifying bubble stream gas flow rates using existing acoustic inversion methods. The presented method is based on averaging geo‐referenced volume backscattering coefficients onto a high‐resolution 3D voxel‐grid. The results are multiplied with the voxel volume to represent measurements of the total backscattering cross‐section within each voxel cell. Individual gridded values cannot be trusted because the beam pattern effects cause the values of individual targets to “smear” over multiple grid‐cells. The true aggregated backscattering cross‐section is thus estimated as the integral over the grid‐cells affected by this smearing. Numerical simulation of MBES data acquisition over known targets assesses the method's validity and quantify it's uncertainty for different, realistic scenarios. The found low measurement bias (< 1%), and dispersion (< 5%) are promising for application in gas flow quantification methods.
Class fields, Dirichlet characters, and extended genus fields of global function fields
Authors: Rzedowski‐Calderón Martha , Villa‐Salvador Gabriel
Published: June 2023

We study the extended genus field of an abelian extension of a rational function field. We follow the definition of Anglès and Jaulent, which uses the class field theory. First, we show that the natural definition of extended genus field of a cyclotomic function field obtained by means of Dirichlet characters is the same as the one given by Anglès and Jaulent. Next, we study the extended genus field of a finite abelian extension of a rational function field along the lines of the study of genus fields of abelian extensions of rational function fields. In the absolute abelian case, we compare this approach with the one given by Anglès and Jaulent.
Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Cao Rong , Tian Huimin , Zhang Yu , Liu Geng , Xu Haixia , Rao Guocheng , Tian Yan , Fu Xianghui
Published: June 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
Behavior of Lagrange‐Galerkin solutions to the Navier‐Stokes problem for small time increment
Authors: Tabata Masahisa , Uchiumi Shinya
Published: June 2023

We consider two kinds of numerical quadrature formulas of Gauss type and Newton‐Cotes type, which are required in the real computation of Lagrange–Galerkin scheme for the Navier–Stokes problem. The Lagrange–Galerkin scheme with numerical quadrature, which has been used practically but not fully analyzed, is proved to be convergent at least for Gauss type quadrature under a condition on the time increment. As for the scheme with Newton‐Cotes type quadrature, it has more smooth convergent property than that of Gauss type, whose reason is discussed.
Evaluation of innovation efficiency in China's cultural industry: A meta‐frontier with non‐radial directional distance function approach
Authors: Li Xushuai , Zhang Jiayu , Chen Xiang , Lu Ching‐Cheng
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the proportion of added value of China's cultural industry to GDP has been increasing year by year. However, due to different levels of economic development and cultural resources, there are significant differences in the development of cultural industries in different regions. This study considers a sustainable positive externality by setting the patent as a new output and employs the non‐radial directional distance function in the framework of meta‐frontier to investigate the innovative performance of China's cultural industry because of regional disparities. Our main findings are that there is a major technological gap among the eastern region, the central region and the western region, in which the technical and management capabilities of the eastern region are far greater than those of the central and western regions; Cultural industries have greater room for improvement in the eastern, central and western regions, especially the western region; The efficiency level of the cultural industry is likely to be related to the local economic strength. This article explores the factors that constrain the competitiveness of cultural industries in different regions of China. Then based on its influencing factors, corresponding development measures are proposed.
Porous Host–Guest MOF‐Semiconductor Hybrid with Multisites Heterojunctions and Modulable Electronic Band for Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion and H2 Evolution
Authors: Zhang Tianxi , Meng Fanlu , Gao Minmin , Wei Jishi , Lim Kane Jian Hong , Lim Kang Hui , Chirawatkul Prae , Wong Andrew See Weng , Kawi Sibudjing , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: June 2023

Optimizing catalysts for competitive photocatalytic reactions demand individually tailored band structure as well as intertwined interactions of light absorption, reaction activity, mass, and charge transport.  Here, a nanoparticulate host–guest structure is rationally designed that can exclusively fulfil and ideally control the aforestated uncompromising requisites for catalytic reactions. The all‐inclusive model catalyst consists of porous Co3O4 host and ZnxCd1‐xS guest with controllable physicochemical properties enabled by self‐assembled hybrid structure and continuously amenable band gap. The effective porous topology nanoassembly, both at the exterior and the interior pores of a porous metal–organic framework (MOF), maximizes spatially immobilized semiconductor nanoparticles toward high utilization of particulate heterojunctions for vital charge and reactant transfer. In conjunction, the zinc constituent band engineering is found to regulate the light/molecules absorption, band structure, and specific reaction intermediates energy to attain high photocatalytic CO2 reduction selectivity. The optimal catalyst exhibits a H2‐generation rate up to 6720 µmol g−1 h−1 and a CO production rate of 19.3 µmol g−1 h−1. These findings provide insight into the design of discrete host–guest MOF‐semiconductor hybrid system with readily modulated band structures and well‐constructed heterojunctions for selective solar‐to‐chemical conversion.
Preparation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone stationary phase and its application in separation and analysis of flavonoids
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Juntao , Gu Mengting , Miao Yiyuan , Ke Yanxiong , Zheng Xiangwei , Xu Jian
Published: June 2023

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is known as a polymer with special adsorption properties for polyphenolic compounds. In this paper, chemical‐bonded stationary phase (PVP@Silica) was prepared and applied to the separation of flavonoids. System constants determined by linear solvation energy relationships with methanol–water mixtures as the mobile show that the column can provide stronger hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction than C18 column. Under reversed‐phase conditions, traditional flavonoids have much longer retention on PVP@Silica than on C18 column with methanol–water mobile phase due to multimodal retention mechanism, including hydrogen bonding and π–π interaction. In addition, a U‐shaped retention curve was observed in acetonitrile–water mobile phase because of the enhanced hydrogen bonding under the high proportion of acetonitrile. The selectivity to polyhydroxy structure gives the stationary phase unique separation ability for flavonoids. The separation orthogonality was further investigated by a sample set containing 33 flavonoids with different substitution structures. The (RP‐PVP@Silica)‐(RP‐C18) system exhibited 60% orthogonality metric (OM) for these flavonoids with methanol–water mobile phase. A high OM of 63.5% was achieved in (RP‐PVP@Silica)‐(HILIC‐PVP@Silica) system. Finally, PVP@Silica was applied to the purification of total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). The offline (RP‐PVP@Silica)‐(RP‐C18) two‐dimensional separation system was used for the analysis of flavonoids in GBE.
Cationic Mononuclear Bi(rhenacyclopropene) Complexes from Reactions of ReCl3(PMePh2)3 with RC≡CH (R=alkyl)
Authors: Li Lei , Zhao Yue , Zhou Yan , Bai Wei
Published: June 2023

Reactions of terminal alkynes (alkyl−C≡CH) and internal alkynes with rhenium(III) phosphine complex ReCl3(PMePh2)3 were studied, producing cationic mononuclear bi(rhenacyclopropene) complexes and η2‐alkyne complexes, respectively. The bi(rhenacyclopropene) complexes represent rare examples of well‐defined mononuclear metal complexes containing two η2‐vinyl ligands, as well as bis(dialkylcarbene) complexes of transition metals.
Introduction: Migration, Death and Mobilities
Authors: Maddrell Avril , Kmec Sonja , Uteng Tanu Priya , Westendorp Mariske
Published: June 2023

In contrast to the liveliness conjured by the terms ‘migration’ and ‘mobilities’, death is associated with stillness and immobility. Yet, just as the animated experience of migration and mobilities can be characterised by hiatus, waiting and even death, so too death and funerary-mourning rituals prompt a variety of mobile practices. For example, the dying may travel between home and other places of care; the dead body is typically moved between the place of death and sites of funerary care and rituals; the corpse or cremated remains may be transported over long distances for final disposition; in many beliefs the spiritual journey of the deceased continues after death; and mourners variously travel, process and perform religious or secular rites at the time of death and subsequent cyclical acts of remembrance, depending on customs. Therefore, mobilities are inherently interwoven with death and mourning practices. Further, as the quote above indicates, these already mobile funerary practices are additionally inflected by the mobilities of migration and can change with time, place and circumstances, including the relative inclusiveness of local cemetery-crematorium services. This volume brings lived migrant mobilities and immobilities into dialogue with the less familiar mobilities and immobilities associated with death, death rituals and the remains of the dead.
Managing Migrant Border Deaths in Southern Italy: Medico-Legal, Ritual and Burial Practices
Authors: Stauffacher Daniela , Maddrell Avril
Published: June 2023

This chapter addresses the pressing contemporary political and social issue of migrant death as a result of dangerous irregular migration routes across the Mediterranean, and local provision for the migrant dead in southern Italy. Drawing on the concept of bordering and (non)grievability, it details the evolving Italian governance and social responses to the border dead. It goes on to examine local mortuary and burial practices, for the border dead with particular attention to their visibility, and the roles of the state, local municipalities, clergy and local residents. Its contrasts the initial integration of the migrant dead within local cemeteries with subsequent dedicated burial sections or grounds, showing how each of these tactics can serve to make the migrant dead socially and politically invisible, through poor documentation of burials, immobilizing assimilation within local cemeteries, or through marginalization in peripheral burial grounds for the border dead.
Dundee, Migration, and the Historic Jute Trade: Interweaving Bengali-Dundee Cemetery Practices and Spaces
Authors: Beebeejaun Yasminah , House Danielle , Maddrell Avril
Published: June 2023

In this chapter we draw on both postcolonial and mobilities scholarship to engage with the neglected intersections between mobilities and colonialism. Specifically, we argue this colonial legacy set the conditions for present day Bengali and other Scottish Muslims to create their understandings of home and belonging. We explore this idea through the development and negotiation of Muslim burial space in the city, and see how the claiming of rights, in this case the right to a dignified burial, is entangled with multi-generational senses of belonging, practices of faith, and experiences of bureaucracy. We first explore the legacy of colonial connections between Dundee and the Bengal Delta and outline the history of the jute trade between these regions. After a brief discussion on methodology, we secondly discuss Dundee’s Muslim communities and their histories and experiences of migration. Finally, we trace the development of Muslim burial in the city to situate ethnic difference within a wider landscape of citizenship and belonging. We argue that through situating the death practices and decision-making of ethnic minority communities within a wider understanding of how mobilities impact upon their life experiences, and within a larger postcolonial context, we understand spaces of death as part of the making of minority identities in Scotland.
Jewishness and Space: Negotiating Jewish Identity and the Jewish Cemetery in the Local Context of Trondheim, Norway
Authors: Høeg Ida Marie
Published: June 2023

This chapter examines the connection between Jewish identity and place in a Jewish community. The focus is on the Jewish cemetery in Trondheim, in the central part of Norway, and the aim is to explore how Jewish identity affects preferences for cemetery space. Against the backdrop of a larger ethnographic study and national research project, this study tracks narratives about burial decisions, illuminating the confluence of Jewish identity and Jewish burial space. The way the Jewish cemetery may mobilize or immobilize Jewish identity and belonging to the Jewish community is a multifaceted subject that relates to such wider experiences as mobility, relations to places of origin and Jewish networks. As discussed in the chapter, several aspects, religion, the Holocaust, and their Jewish kin relations, are in play for the participants and contribute to negotiating their burial decision.
Language Report Danish
Authors: Pedersen Bolette Sandford , Olsen Sussi , Henriksen Lina
Published: June 2023

This chapter summarises the current level of language technologies (LT) and resources for Danish (Pedersen et al. 2022). Even if Danish LTs are now being used in many areas of society, their quality still needs to be improved in order to make them more useful and inclusive for the majority of the population. To this end, the development of large, high-quality language resources and data sets still proves to be a bottleneck. We report, however, on an increased awareness of sharing and reusing language resources and data sets across public institutions, academia and industry. New, large governmental initiatives within the area of AI and LT have been initiated which support this development.
Language Report Irish
Authors: Lynn Teresa
Published: June 2023

Language technology (LT) underpins many applications that enable our digitally enhanced lives (virtual assistants, search engines, translation tools, spellcheckers, language learning tools etc.). However, these advances do not benefit all Irish citizens equally. Due to a lack of sufficient LTs for Irish, Irish speakers regularly need to revert to using English. Such a language shift plays a major role in the risk of digital extinction, i. e., an eventual decline in language use due to lack of technological support. This chapter highlights work carried out on Irish LT, and the gaps and challenges that still need to be addressed (Lynn 2022).
Language Report Italian
Authors: Magnini Bernardo , Lavelli Alberto , Speranza Manuela
Published: June 2023

In the last few years, three important factors have influenced the Italian Language Technology (LT) community: 1. in 2015, the foundation of the Associazione Italiana di Linguistica Computazionale (Italian Association for Computational Linguistics, AILC); 2. the organisation of CLiC-it, the annual Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics; 3. the organisation of the EVALITA (Evaluation of NLP and Speech Tools for Italian) evaluation campaigns. This situation is producing a widespread expansion of interest in LT for Italian in academia and industry.
Digital Language Equality: Definition, Metric, Dashboard
Authors: Gaspari Federico , Grützner-Zahn Annika , Rehm Georg , Gallagher Owen , Giagkou Maria , Piperidis Stelios , Way Andy
Published: June 2023

This chapter presents the concept of Digital Language Equality (DLE) that was at the heart of the European Language Equality (ELE) initiative, and describes the DLE Metric, which includes technological factors (TFs) and contextual factors (CFs): the former concern the availability of Language Resources and Technologies (LRTs) for the languages of Europe, based on the data included in the European Language Grid (ELG) catalogue, while the latter reflect the broader socio-economic contexts and ecosystems of the languages, as these determine the potential for LRT development. The chapter discusses related work, presents the DLE definition and describes how it was implemented through the DLE Metric, explaining how the TFs and CFs were quantified. The resulting scores of the DLE Metric for Europe’s languages can be visualised and compared through the interactive DLE dashboard, to monitor the progress towards DLE in Europe.
Language Report Romanian
Authors: Păiş Vasile , Tufiş Dan
Published: June 2023

Since the previous META-NET report, there have been significant improvements (e. g., creation of a large Romanian national corpus, steady progress in written language technologies, LT, construction of a national LT portal for the Romanian language etc.), but things are far from what they should be. Support for LT and AI through national programmes is still modest, although there are signs of a more active involvement of policy makers in the strategic planning and funding programmes in this domain. Continued research is required to produce large language models, able to capture the characteristics of the Romanian language. Large language resources need to be created so that AI systems are able to learn from them.
Language Report Serbian
Authors: Krstev Cvetana , Stanković Ranka
Published: June 2023

Standard Serbian is the national language of Serbs and the official language in the Republic of Serbia. Although statistics show that the population of Serbia is well equipped to use IT, and although some important language resources and tools have been developed for Serbian, the language still lags significantly behind most European languages in terms of Language Technology (LT). This shows that a stable, dedicated and long-term investment in the development of LT for Serbian through national and international scientific and development projects is needed.
Language Report Spanish
Authors: Melero Maite , Peñarrubia Pablo , Cabestany David , Calvo Blanca , Rodríguez, Mar , Villegas Marta
Published: June 2023

Spanish, one of the most spoken languages in the world, is not threatened by globalisation in the way other languages are and is well-supported by big technological companies, albeit still a long way from English. The number of available language resources (text, and to a lesser extent speech) in Spanish is quite large, but there is still a lack of high-quality, well-curated, annotated resources, available under open-access conditions. Initiatives at the national level, such as the Plan de Impulso de las Tecnologías del Lenguaje, have already started to address this gap.
Deep Dive Text Analytics and Natural Language Understanding
Authors: Gómez-Pérez Jose Manuel , García-Silva Andrés , Berrio Cristian , Rigau German , Soroa Aitor , Lieske Christian , Hoffart Johannes , Sasaki Felix , Dahlmeier Daniel , Skadiņa Inguna , Bērziņš Aivars , Vasiḷjevs Andrejs , Lynn Teresa
Published: June 2023

In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of text analytics and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) from the perspective of digital language equality (DLE) in Europe. We focus on the research that is currently being undertaken in foundational methods and techniques related to these technologies as well as on the gaps that need to be addressed in order to offer improved text analytics and NLU support across languages. Our analysis includes eight recommendations that address central topics for text analytics and NLU, e. g., the role of language equality for social good, the balance between commercial interests and equal opportunities for society, and incentives to language equality, as well as key technologies like language models and the availability of cross-lingual, cross-modal, and cross-sector datasets and benchmarks.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie – Wie hat sie die Kinderpsyche beeinflusst?
Authors: Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Kaman Anne , Devine Janine , Reiß Franziska
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Lockdowns, Kontaktbeschränkungen, Schließung von Kinderbetreuungs‑, Schul- und Freizeiteinrichtungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie haben den Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen deutlich beeinträchtigt.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)

Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden

Die bevölkerungsbezogene COPSY-Längsschnittstudie (Corona und Psyche) umfasst bisher 5 Befragungszeitpunkte (t1: Mai bis Juni 2020 bis t5: Sept. bis Okt. 2022). Es wurden etwa 1600 Eltern von 7‑ bis 17-Jährigen sowie 1000 Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen 11 und 17 Jahren mithilfe etablierter Instrumente zur psychischen Gesundheit befragt. Präpandemische Vergleichsdaten lieferte die repräsentative BELLA-Studie (Befragung zum seelischen Wohlbefinden und Verhalten).

Ergebnisse

Während der Pandemie stieg der Anteil von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die über eine geminderte gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität berichteten, von 15 % (präpandemisch) auf 48 % im ersten Jahr an und reduzierte sich 2022 auf 27 %. Damit war der Wert noch deutlich über dem vor Beginn der Pandemie. Ein ähnlicher Verlauf zeigte sich für psychische Auffälligkeiten: Deren Prävalenz stieg von 18 % (präpandemisch) auf 31 % an und reduzierte sich 2022 auf 23 %. Symptome für Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität folgten dem Trend. Lediglich Symptome der Depressivität sanken auf das präpandemische Niveau zurück. Hinsichtlich ihres Gesundheitsverhaltens bewegt sich ein Drittel der Kinder und Jugendlichen noch immer zu wenig.

Diskussion

Die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen wurde während der Pandemie lange ignoriert. Dringend müssen Unterstützung und finanzielle Mittel gewährt werden, um negative psychische Gesundheitseffekte zu reduzieren und Beeinträchtigungen durch erneute Krisen vorzubeugen.
Health and aging before and after retirement
Authors: Abeliansky Ana Lucia , Strulik Holger
Published: June 2023

We investigate occupation-specific aging patterns before and after retirement and test the level and rate effects of occupation predicted by the health capital model and the health deficit model. We use five waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and construct a frailty index for elderly men and women from 10 European countries. Occupational groups are classified according to low vs. high education, blue vs. white collar, and high vs. low physical or psychosocial job burden. Controlling for individual fixed effects, we find that, regardless of the classification used, workers from the first (low-status) group display more health deficits at any age and accumulate health deficits faster than workers from the second (high-status) group. We instrument retirement by statutory retirement ages (“normal” and “early”) and find that the health of workers in low-status occupations benefits greatly from retirement, whereas retirement effects for workers in high-status occupations are small and frequently insignificant. In support of the health deficit model, we find that the health status of individuals from low- and high-status groups diverges before and after retirement.