bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Channel Supply Chain Model with Delivery Lead Time on The Imperfect Production Process by Notice Into Carbon Emission Capacity Regulation
Authors: Yanuarsih A R , Setiyowati R , Pangadi  , Sutanto
Published: December 2019

The development of the internet, adds flexibility of supply chain with an online channel for the product distribution. In this research, the dual channel supply chain model is used on the imperfect production process by notice into carbon capacity regulation and also delivery lead time. We construct the model to maximize the system profit of one manufacturer and one retailer by considering a carbon emissions capacity constrain from the government. Furthermore, we determine the optimal solution with Karush Kuhn Tucker condition. Based on sensitivity analysis maximal profit is obtained when probability of defective product, delivery lead time sensitivity, and carbon emissions are minimal.
Modeling and hypothesis testing for the factors affecting infant’s diarrhea using Generalized Poisson Regression
Authors: Otok B W , Allo C B G , Purhadi
Published: December 2019

Infants are weak individuals. Number of infants with Diarrhea is count data. Count data can be modeled using Poisson Regression. Poisson Regression has assumption that must be met. In the real case, overdispersion or underdispersion often occurs in data. This condition causes Poisson Regression cannot be used to model the data. Another alternative used to model the data with violation of assumption in Poisson Regression is Generalized Poisson Regression. This article will estimate the parameters of Generalized Poisson Regression using Generalized Poisson Regression. After getting the estimate parameters, parameters hypothesis testing simultaneously is done using Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test. There are three independent variables. They are percentage of infants who get exclusive breastfeeding, percentage of infants who get complete basic immunization, and percentage of households who have healthy living behavior. Significant parameter used to build the model. So, model for the factors affecting Diarrhea in infants in Pasuruan Regency is a model consisting complete basic immunization and healthy living behavior in the model.
Smoothing parameter selection method for multiresponse nonparametric regression model using smoothing spline and Kernel estimators approaches
Authors: Lestari B , Fatmawati  , Budiantara I N , Chamidah N
Published: December 2019

The principle problem in multiresponse nonparametric regression model is how we estimate the regression functions which draw association between some dependent (response) variables and some independent (predictor) variables where there are correlations between responses. There are many techniques used to estimate the regression function. Two of them are spline and kernel smoothing techniques. Speaking about smoothing techniques, not only in uniresponse spline and kernel nonparametric regression models but also in multiresponse spline and kernel nonparametric regression models, the estimations of regression functions depend on smoothing parameters. In the privious researches the covariance matrices were assumed to be known. Matrix of covariance is not assumed known in this research. The goals of this research are selecting of optimal smoothing parameters for the model we consider through spline and kernel smoothing techniques. Optimal smoothing parameters can be obtained by taking the solution to generalized cross validation (GCV) optimization problem. The obtained results of this research are the optimal smoothing parameter for smoothing spline estimator approach and the optimal smoothing parameter namely optimal bandwidth for kernel estimator approach.
The existence of clean elements in a matrix ring over integral domain and its connections with g(x)-cleanness and strongly g(x)-cleanness
Authors: Ambarsari IF , Irawati S , Sulandra I M , Susanto H , Mui A C Y , Marubayashi H
Published: December 2019

An element a in a ring R with unity is called clean, if there exist an idempotent element e ∈ R and a unit element u ∈ R such that a = e + u. This article aims to show all of clean elements in a certain subring X
3(R) of a matrix ring 3 × 3 over integral domain R and their connections with g(x)-cleanness and strongly g(x)-cleanness for some fixed polynomial g(x). To achieve it, we found out unit and idempotent elements in X
3(R) for constructing clean elements and selected some fixed g(x) in the center of R for investigating their relations with g(x)-cleanness and strongly g(x)-cleanness. In this article, we obtained eight general forms of the clean elements in X
3(R), g(x)-clean elements with g(x) = xn
− x, which five forms of them were strongly g(x)-clean but the other three forms were not. The latter result was shown by providing counter examples.
Evenly brightening using kurtosis Gaussian pattern to simplify image binarization
Authors: Mulyana T. M. S. , Herlina
Published: December 2019

A problem of separating object from background using thresholding in image segmentation is uneven image brightness. Some binary image objects vanish because the pixel intensity value on the edge side is greater than the pixel’s background intensity. The others at the edge of image are covered by background pixel. The background pixel at the edge is bigger than the pixel value of the object in the inside of image. A light source type affects the spread of brightness adding thresholding difficulty. The object’s light distribution from the exposed light source follows the Gaussian distribution. A kurtosis value depends on the light source type. Following the kurtosis of standard deviation, the method for creating brightness evenly is designed. The Gaussian pattern is formed from the distribution of Gaussian values in the cells of the Gaussian matrix. The pixel values in the corresponding images will be added to the matrix cells. The pixel value will increase according to the Gaussian matrix pattern. This process results in the highest pixel value not getting added value, while the lowest pixel intensity value will get the greatest value addition.
How to Create Isomorphic Example-Problem Pairs for Facilitating Analogical Thinking
Authors: Pastoriko F M , Retnowati E
Published: December 2019

Worked-example and problem-solving are often paired and named as the example-problem learning method. This learning method is often recommended by cognitive load theorists, but not much thought has been given to what kind of problems should be used as the example-problem pairs. If there is no clear specification in using the method, as a result, there might be little to no improvement in students’ problem-solving ability. Particularly, the improvement of analogical thinking can be set as the goal of learning. Analogy comes when students can relate to their previous knowledge to solve new problems. In the example-problem learning method, the example can be acquired first and then regarded as the prior knowledge for students to solve the subsequent problem. As analogy is one of the problem-solving strategies, ultimately mastering analogy strategy can improve problem-solving ability. The problem is, analogy does not come naturally, hence a careful consideration about what kind of problems used during instruction is needed. In this paper, we propose the use of isomorphic problems— problems with the same solution procedures—in choosing the example-problem pair. We choose isomorphic problems because it suits example-problems learning and it is focused on improving student’s analogical thinking. We also propose the procedure in using the isomorphic problems.
The mathematics education department students’ ability in mathematical literacy for the change and relationship problems on the PISA adaptation test
Authors: Yudhi Anggoro Antonius , Julie Hongki , Sanjaya Febi , Andy Rudhito M , Putu Wiadnyana Dewa
Published: December 2019

One of goals of this research was to describe the mathematics education department students’ ability in mathematics literacy for change and relationship problem on Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA) test. The procedures of this research were (1) adapt the PISA test, (2) validate the PISA adaptation test, (3) ask seven students from mathematics education department to solve PISA adaptation test, and (4) describe bachelor students’ solution profile. There were (1) three change and relationship problems, (2) four space and shape problems, (3) two uncertainty problems, and (4) four quantity problems. The type of this research is a design research. Subjects of this research were seven bachelor students of mathematics education department. The research results were as follows: (1) level four achieved by one student (14.29%) in problem number 2b.4; (2) level three achieved by (a) six students at problem number 2a, (b) five students at problem number 2b.2; and (c)three students at number 2b.3 and 3; and (3) level two achieved by three students at number 3.
Development of student worksheets based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) oriented to mathematical reasoning
Authors: Arsoetar N , Sugiman S
Published: December 2019

Student worksheets in schools have not been fully developed based on contextual problems that are close with student environment. Therefore, students thinking skills have not facilitated. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is develop student worksheets based on RME that can facilitate students to improve mathematical reasoning. This research is development research that uses Plomp development model. The subject trial of this study are 31 students class VIII of Junior high school in Wonosobo. Validity assessment instrument is a validation sheet. Practical assessment instruments are teacher and student assessment sheets, also learning implementation observation sheets. The effectiveness assessment instrument is mathematical reasoning test. Data analysis was carried out by converting quantitative data into qualitative data. The results showed that student worksheet validity score was 95. Practicality based on the teacher’s assessment with a score of 37, the results based on students assessment have an average score of 62.35. Average of learning achievement is 95.37% and the results of mathematical reasoning test which shows that 96.55% of students complete the minimal mastery criteria. Therefore, student worksheet who developed is suitable for mathematics learning activities and can be used to improve students mathematical reasoning.
Computer-aided design software for multi-stage amplifiers with bipolar transistors and field effect
Authors: Ramírez-Carvajal L , Sierra-Peñaranda G , Puerto-López K , Guevara-Ibarra D
Published: December 2019

The following article presents computer-aided design software for multi-stage amplifiers with bipolar transistors and field effect. It is composed of two units: a design and analysis unit that allows for step-by-step introduction of polarization and small signal values, the type of transistor to be used (bipolar or field effect) with their respective characterization values: current gain, thermal voltage, activation voltage, and saturation current, to result in the configurations and values of the resistors; and a theoretical unit that contains complete information on multi-stage amplifiers. A n-stage amplifier design method was developed, represented through a flowchart, and coded using a freely usable programming language. With the software, designs were made and simulated in a computational tool for academic use endorsed by the scientific community. The result for all variables evaluated was an average error of less than 2%. The research concludes that this software allows an effective design process of multi-stage amplifiers with bipolar transistors and field effect in a short time, it also allows changing the resistance values obtained for commercial values and calculating the error when implementing the circuit being a useful tool in the experimental area.
RECENT ADVANCES IN EXTRACTION OF CLINACHANTHUS NUTANS: A REVIEW
Authors: Khalid Abduljabar Mustafa , Farihan Kasim Khairul , Hadi Ma’Radzi Akmal , Soffalina Sofian Seng Noor
Published: December 2019

Interest in the development of extraction of phytochemicals compounds fromClinacanthus nutanshas increased in recent years due to its potential applications in food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The quality and yield of the phytochemicals are greatly influenced by the extraction method employed as well as other factors. This paper provides an up-to-date overview of traditional (maceration, infusion, and soxhlet), with modern methods (pressurized hot water extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction) to extract phytochemicals compounds fromC. nutans. Problems associated with conventional extraction methods have led to a demand for alternatives and indeed several new extraction methods have been developed and refined in the last two decades that can efficiently extract a great variety of valuable bioactive compounds.
Utilization Of Cow And Organic Waste As Organic Waste Empowerment Solution
Authors: Yunita Anggraeni , Karmawan  , Sumar
Published: December 2019

Bukit Kijang Village is one of the villages that is classified as young in the Namang Bangka Tengah District. one of the flagship programs of the Bukit K.ijang village, which is farm-based agriculture on ex-mining land. To achieve the success of the program, it is necessary to make appropriate solutions for waste management to support the progress in agriculture. Village farms have 9 adult cows and 1 turtle calf so that cow dung produced is quite a lot. To overcome the problem of cow waste and household waste, one step is by making biogas from cow dung which can also produce solid and liquid fertilizer and utilization household organic waste in making biofertilizers. Mentoring activities were attended by Ladies of Family Welfare Empowerment, villagers and village youth groups. Both products produced are less than perfect due to equipment leakage and lack of shelf life so that the biogas and biological fertilizers that are formed are not perfect. So can’t to test the products.
Development of Web-based Coffee Management Information System to support the Management of Regional Superior Products
Authors: Laumal Folkes E. , Wabang Jhon A. , Suharto Raden S. B. , Plaimo Paulus E. , Ndoloe Lita A.
Published: December 2019

One of the areas in Alor Regency which the majority of people like to drink coffee is South of Alor. Coffee is considered a reliever of fatigue and drowsiness and provides additional energy before activity. The management of coffee in South of Alor is carried out by the Koperasi Beringin using raw materials from farmer groups from surrounding villages and sold in the form of packaging under the name Lonsilar Coffee. So far, Lonsilar’s coffee production process has been using roasted machines, but the administration of the management still uses cash books and sales are limited to cooperative showrooms and souvenirs. Even though in terms of Telecommunications and Information Technology support, telecommunications infrastructure has reached the South of Alor District, moreover the majority of the people have used mobile phones/smartphones as communication media. This condition allows the development of a web-based coffee management information system so that administrative, promotional and sales processes are carried out through the website. The system is built using PHP language structure with database management using MySQL. The interconnection between users, products, and Koperasi Beringin is organized using detailed and integrated diagram algorithms. The system page can be accessed by the admin and user. Users can process transactions when they have passed the registration/registration stage, while the admin has full rights in managing, changing and verifying all processes. The system test results can run correctly according to recommendations in the Data Flow Diagram.
RSA Cryptographic Algorithm using Cubic Congruential Generator
Authors: Khairina Nurul , Khoiruddin Harahap Muhammad
Published: December 2019

In the field of cryptography, the key and procedures for converting messages into secret messages have a very important role. The RSA key is built with a random number generator. The RSA key is made as strong as possible to increase ciphertext robustness. A key that is difficult to crack and requires a lot of time certainly has higher robustness. Two initial variables that are very important in building RSA keys are prime number p and prime number q. In this research, the p and q prime numbers are generated by Cubic Congruential Generator algorithm. The results of this study can be seen by testing the ciphertext robustness. Ciphertext test results that are resistant to cryptanalytic attacks certainly show the strength of the key that is built, including the selection of primes p and primes q. The ciphertext test shows that 90% of the greater primes p and primes q will achieve a higher percentage of ciphertext robustness, and 10 % of the combination from small prime number p with large prime number q is also able to achieve the highest percentage of ciphertext robustness. This proves that the selection of prime number p and prime number q in generating RSA keys really can affect the ciphertext robustness.
Using Spatial Analysis with weighted overlay on selecting area for fisheries agroindustry in Southeast Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Anselmus Teniwut Wellem , Kahfi Hamid Syahibul , Mario Makailipessy Marvin
Published: December 2019

As a archipelagic region with rich marine biodiversity, the abundance of raw material of fishes and other marine resources are high. This advantage should be capitalized to enhance and spread the welfare of coastal community in the region. Fisheries agroindustry is way to boost sustainable economic of a coastal region. Although, to select the appropriate sub-district as the best suite location for either fishes-based agroindustry and marine culture-based agroindustry have to face a complicated barriers, therefore the purpose of this study is to select the suitable sub-district location as the center of fishery agro-industry in Southeast Maluku Regency based on several related factors such as resource potential, number of fishermen and farmers, number of production per year, supporting infrastructure and transportation. The method used in this study is spatial analysis with ArcGIS with utilizing weight overlay to process all the data based on experts perceptions. The results of this study are expected to be a comprehensive guidance for policy makers in this region in the context of sustainable regional development. The paper offers specific path based on empirical evidence for sustainable development in fisheries sector of Southeast Maluku District.
Jigsaw using animation media for elementary school
Authors: Rahmatina  , Kenedi A K , Eliyasni R , Fransyaigu R
Published: December 2019

This research is motivated by the need for innovation in the learning process in the 4.0 Industrial Revolution era. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of jigsaw cooperative learning using animation media for elementary school students. This research is quasi-experimental using posttest only. The results show a significant positive effect of the application of jigsaw cooperative learning by using animation media towards the learning outcomes of elementary school students. The implication of this study is that elementary school teachers can use cooperative learning models using animation media as an effort to improve the learning outcomes of elementary school students in the 4.0 industrial revolution era.
A review Cyber of Industry 4.0 (Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Services (IoS)): Components, and Security Challenges.
Authors: AL-Salman Husham I. , Salih Muataz H.
Published: December 2019

The term Industry 4.0 as well as Cyber Physical System has lately gained a lot of consideration among most of the researchers as well as manufacturers while bringing in possible improvement solutions for maintenance of advanced technologies. The term Cyber Physical System or CPS is defined as the addition of computational and physical procedures on the technology of Internet of Things. This prototype helps in ensuring the connectivity of devices and elements with the Internet based protocols which includes the Internet of Services. This pattern of connectivity also enables horizontal services of internal factory through the entire value chain. However, there are several challenges that are faced while maintain the theories and practices of the above protocols. This part of the paper aims at providing a better understanding of the challenges that are faced by these components. The challenges that are faced by CPS are hence described with the help of further researches and are thus summarized from the perspective of energy control, transmission, secure control as well as management control techniques including allocation of system resources and designing of software based models. The paper also reflects the challenges that are faced by IoT from the perspective of communication security, protection of data through sensors and algorithms based on cryptography. Finally the paper also describes the challenges of IoS that are developed through cloud aggregation technology, allowing cloud providers to interact and collaborate in the improvement of cloud security infrastructure including its energy efficiency and reliability.
The review of utilization in natural environment by the teacher as a source for learning science at elementary school in low class
Authors: Astimar N , Helsa Y , Kenedi A K
Published: December 2019

Teacher is the one of the component which is determine of successful for students. Based on observations, The utilization in natural environment was still lack for the teacher as a source as learning science at the begalung sub-distric padang . The study aimed at paving the review as well as as particularize how much the utilization of natural environment can enhance by the teacher as a source of learning science in low class at elementary school. This study employed descriptive, the subject of the study was the 44 teachers joining in elementary school. The data were gotten from observation which later analyzed. The result of study showed that there has lack of utilization in natural environment of the teacher as the source science which amount 46.48% of teachers have used to be natural environment as a source for learning science.
Development of Teaching Material of Final Assignment Subject Based on PBL Using ICT
Authors: Radeswandri  , Budiawan Afiq , Vebrianto Rian
Published: December 2019

Open universities provide educational opportunities for workers, especially teachers who have not met the academic qualification requirements. Final Assignment (FA) is a subject aims to measure advanced thinking skills comprehensively on theory and practice, which is designed based on problem-solving. Therefore, this study designed and developed PBL-integrated FA teaching materials to meet the 2021 Open University Vision and Missions. This was a research and development study of FA teaching materials using PBL-based ICT with the ADDIE model. The study samples were 17 open universities students who were taking the FA subject. The instrument used was a media assessment questionnaire consisting of three aspects, namely the aspect of appearance, ease of use, and efficiency. The Alpha Cronbach value of the questionnaire was 0.82. The results show that the aspect of appearance had min = 3.65; SD = 0.316, ease of use had min = 3.63; SD = 0.247, and efficiency had min = 3.66; SD = 0.292. This means that PBL-based Online Tutorial Materials are excellent to help all students and tutors of the FA subject to develop a good and effective learning process.
Locking Target on Missile System
Authors: Syafruddin R , Devira Ramady Givy , Hidayat Rahmad , Fadriani Hetty , Nataliana Decy
Published: December 2019

The ability to create a locking target on missile system is very limited. For this reason, researchers tried to examine the title Locking Target On Missile System. As a researcher, his goals and hopes from this simple one can become a prototype, the endurance test, then it can be used as mass production. Where the stages of the research method locking target on missile system are through image processing. Here the researchers used Visual Studio 2010 software to create a software application. By processing the image BMP from the camera. In signal processing, there are many ways and languages that can be used, from the results of the author’s experience, first with the C++ language the, for that the author uses the C# language. As for the validation of the signal and the format results obtained are quite slow, then the C# language, the results are quite fast, from all that info sent, the signal reception simulation test is performed with the same application software. Overall research on locking target on missile system which is a real-time control signal application software is then sent via radio.
The Technology Of Sterilizing Brackish Water Become Drinking Water In The Society
Authors: Helmi Muhammad , Nafery Rostian
Published: December 2019

Banyu Urip Village, Hamlet III, Tanjung Lago Sub-district, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra. The distance from the Palembang city is ± 40 km. Lack of awareness of the importance of maintaining the personal and environmental health is also seen from the absence of a place for taking clean water. People still take water which is red, smelly, sticky and salty from the river in the dry and rainy season. The results obtained from the technology of sterilizing brackish water into drinking water for the society have succeeded well. The final results of measuring treated water are Ph 7.7 and TDS / TS 794 mg / liter. 1.36 scale turbidity of NTU. TSS 0.2 mg / liter. Specific gravity of 0.1 mg, very clear and odorless. It is expexted that the Science and Technology for society that has been implemented can be a role model for people in other villages, and can form cooperation villager’s community through partners that have been formed.
Application of Natural resource conflict management in resolving the Jakarta Bay reclamation
Authors: Faiqotul Mutia Elok , Herdiansyah Herdis
Published: December 2019

The reclamation of Jakarta Bay is a hot issue which lately still becomes a public debate. This debate is heated by environmental issues, marginalization of certain groups, authority regulation as well as corruption in this reclamation project. Some central and provincial government institutions take different stances on the issue. The objective of this research is to describe stakeholder perception in Jakarta Bay Reclamation. This research uses a mix-method approach which is quantitative and qualitative. Data is obtained from in-depth interviews with stakeholders who are 3 experts from central government and 3 experts from the provincial government. Furthermore, the data analysis is conducted with AHP to find out the perception of stakeholders about the causes of the complexity of the Jakarta Bay reclamation conflict. The results of the analysis show that environmental damage issues are not the first concern for the stakeholder. Central government considers a conflict of Jakarta Reclamation is mainly caused by the existing laws and regulations (27.6%). In contrast, the provincial government considers the main cause of the Jakarta Bay reclamation conflict rests on the management authority of the Jakarta Bay reclamation (28.7%).
Increasing agricultural risk to hydro-climatic extremes in India
Authors: Sharma Tarul , Vittal H , Karmakar Subhankar , Ghosh Subimal
Published: December 2019

Indian agriculture is globally well-documented to reflect the impacts of changing climate significantly. However, climate adaptation efforts are often hindered due to the inadequate assessment of coupled human-environment interactions. In this study, we propose a novel unified country-level framework to quantify the decadal agricultural risks derived from multiple hydro-meteorological exposures and adaptive consequences. We identify, for the first time, that rice and wheat risks have increased in the recent decade, with wheat at a twofold higher magnitude than rice. Increasing crops risk is found to be predominantly driven by the decreasing number of cultivators; in particular, the wheat risk is also attributed to increasing minimum temperatures during the crop growing season. We provide convincing evidence indicating that the hydro-climatic hazards related to precipitation extremes and droughts are specifically alarming the crops risk as compared to temperature extremes. These observation-based results highlight the sensitivity of India’s agriculture and the risk associated with multiple agro-ecological and climatic components. We recommend these findings to facilitate the informed planning of adaptive measures and ensure sustainable food security of the nation.
Adoption of improved biomass stoves in Kenya: a transect-based approach in Kiambu and Muranga counties
Authors: Karanja Alice , Gasparatos Alexandros
Published: December 2019

There is a wide consensus within policy, practice, and academic circles that the adoption of modern cooking options can benefit sub-Saharan Africa. Numerous studies have examined the various demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors affecting the adoption of clean cooking options. However, most such studies did not properly consider how geographic and environmental factors and fuel availability can affect stove adoption. In this study we use a transect-based approach, from an area of high fuelwood abundance (a state forest) to an area of high fuelwood scarcity (the semi-arid interior of Muranga county) and a peri-urban area with many fuel options (the peri-urban area of Kiambu county). We survey 400 randomly selected households along the two transects from enumeration areas used in the Kenyan national census to understand how factors intersect to affect the adoption of improved biomass stoves as primary stoves. A probit analysis suggests that stove adoption depends not only on demographic and socioeconomic factors (e.g., income, education), but also on geographical and environmental factors that reflect biomass availability and accessibility, and market access. Female-headed households tend to have lower rates of improved biomass stove adoption, largely due to lower income and related enabling factors (e.g., education, land size). Through path analysis we identify that such households can improve their opportunities to adopt improved biomass stoves through better access to credit services and participation in social groups. Overall, this study suggests the need for non-uniform and spatially explicit stove promotion strategies informed by fuelwood availability and accessibility, and market access considerations. Such strategies that are conscious of local contexts could catalyze the large-scale adoption of clean cooking options in Kenya, and elsewhere on the continent.
On the relationship between Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown and global surface warming
Authors: Caesar L , Rahmstorf S , Feulner G
Published: December 2019

According to established understanding, deep-water formation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean keeps the deep ocean cold, counter-acting the downward mixing of heat from the warmer surface waters in the bulk of the world ocean. Therefore, periods of strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are expected to coincide with cooling of the deep ocean and warming of the surface waters. It has recently been proposed that this relation may have reversed due to global warming, and that during the past decades a strong AMOC coincides with warming of the deep ocean and relative cooling of the surface, by transporting increasingly warmer waters downward. Here we present multiple lines of evidence, including a statistical evaluation of the observed global mean temperature, ocean heat content, and different AMOC proxies, that lead to the opposite conclusion: even during the current ongoing global temperature rise a strong AMOC warms the surface. The observed weakening of the AMOC has therefore delayed global surface warming rather than enhancing it.

Social Media Abstract: The overturning circulation in the Atlantic Ocean has weakened in response to global warming, as predicted by climate models. Since it plays an important role in transporting heat, nutrients and carbon, a slowdown will affect global climate processes and the global mean temperature. Scientists have questioned whether this slowdown has worked to cool or warm global surface temperatures. This study analyses the overturning strength and global mean temperature evolution of the past decades and shows that a slowdown acts to reduce the global mean temperature. This is because a slower overturning means less water sinks into the deep ocean in the subpolar North Atlantic. As the surface waters are cold there, the sinking normally cools the deep ocean and thereby indirectly warms the surface, thus less sinking implies less surface warming and has a cooling effect. For the foreseeable future, this means that the slowing of the overturning will likely continue to slightly reduce the effect of the general warming due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.
Comparative Analysis Trade Balance of the Indonesian Agricultural Products and the Strengthening of National Food: Case Study in IMT-GT Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Economic Triangle Cooperation and Integration)
Authors: Adi P , Wella S
Published: December 2019

The agricultural sector has an important role in the Indonesian economy so that this sector must get the attention of the government, especially those related to management and the utilization of the results strategically, especially those concerning food supply. So that it is expected that this agricultural sector can provide more optimum benefits and can be enjoyed by the entire population of Indonesia as well as the process of accelerating the transformation of the structure of the national economy from the agricultural sector to the processing industry sector. The data used is the Data Time Series during the period 2013-2017 obtained from DEPTAN, BPS, FAO, Bank Indonesia, and the World Bank. The analytical method used is Trend Analysis and influence analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis models, and Auto Correlation Models. The results of the study show that the Indonesian trade nearaca in the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand IMT-GT Growth Triangle Economic Cooperation and Integration is getting better and better every time, and together there is an influence of importer state income, the number of importers and the exchange rate against the volume of exports of Indonesian Agricultural products during this period.
Application of Structural Equation Modeling to Control Anthracnose Disease Attacking Red Chili in Several the East Java Production Center
Authors: Djuhari  , Retnaningdyah C. , Yanuwiadi B. , Arisoesilaningsih E.
Published: December 2019

This research aims to apply structural equation modeling to design some anthracnose control alternatives that attack red chili plants in several production centers in East Java, Indonesia. The research method was conducted by surveying in five centers of red chili production including Malang Wajak, Malang Pujon, Kediri, Madiun, and Tuban. In each research location, 20 farmers and respondent farmers were observed by purposive sampling. Latent variables observed were the yield, disease percentage, climate, soil, geography, and cultivation techniques. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS 3.14 for students. Latent variables that have the effect of suppressing the development of anthracnose disease are selected and tested through factorial randomized block design experiment. The results showed that the intensity of anthracnose disease in red chili plants was directly influenced by climate (number of wet months and annual rainfall) and soil conditions (soil organic matter). Whereas cultivation techniques have an indirect effect through soil latent variables. Latent variables that directly affect the production of red chili are geography (height), soil (soil organic matter), and anthracnose disease variables. Thus, to control anthracnose disease, it is best to plant red chili in the dry season and in fields that have high organic matter content.
The effect of nitrogen sources on anti-phytopathogenic activities fermented filtrate of Bacillus subtilis AAF2
Authors: Ikhsan Zam Syukria , Oksana  , Agustien A , Syamsuardi  , Djamaan A , Mustafa I
Published: December 2019

The filtrate from Bacillus subtilis AAF2 fermentation was reported to have high anti-phytopathogenic activity in the corn steep liquor modified medium with glucose as its carbon source. Besides media and carbon sources, the nitrogen source also affects these activities. This study aims to obtain the best nitrogen source on anti-phytopathogenic activities fermented filtrate of B. subtilis AAF2. The nitrogen sources used were yeast extract (15 G L-1), peptone (15 G L-1), NH4NO3 (1.71 G L-1), and (NH4)2SO4 (2.83 G L-1), with phytopathogen test were Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii. The parameters measured were pH fluctuations, the number of B. subtilis AAF2 cells, and the efficacy of phytopathogen growth inhibition (measured every 24 hours for 3 x 24 hours). The results showed pH ranged from 5.7 to 7.1; the number of cells ranges from 2.1X106 -1.00X1015 CFU ml-1; the efficacy against F. oxysporum ranged from 7.10 -71.40% and against S. rolfsii ranged from 17.70 -71.80%. The best nitrogen source in the fermentation of anti-phytopathogenic compounds by B. subtilis AAF2 was peptone.
Reproduction Index of Kacang Goat Dam Reared under Closed Population in Buduran Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi , Andre Septian W , Furqon A , Susilorini TE , Nasich Moch.
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to evaluate the reproduction index of Kacang goat does reared under closed population with extensive farming system in the Fishpond area of Buduran Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. A total of 146 Kacang does data were purposively selected and collected from around 1, 700 Kacang goat population through survey and interview with 12 farmers. All of the obtained data collected, were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most of the Kacang goat dams (67.80%) delivered single kid, and then followed with twin (30.13%) and triplet (2.05%) per partus, with the average litter size of 1.34 ± 0.51. The pre-weaning mortality observed was about 20.40%. The kidding interval and days open were 7.41 ± 0.99 and 2.41 ± 0.99 months, respectively. Moreover, the results also showed that the Kacang does had the reproduction index of 1.69. The research concluded that Kacang goats are well adapted and suitable to be reared with extensive farming system in Sidoarjo Regency regarding to reproduction index and -performances.
Biomaterial Biochar for Soil Carbon Sequestration Strategy and Its Future Prospects
Authors: Muhammad Damris
Published: December 2019

Biochar has received a great deal of attention during the last few years. This multifunctional biomaterial has multiple modes of interactions and distinctive characteristics, which enable its wider applications such as in carbon sequestration, contaminant immobilization, greenhouse gas reduction, soil fertilization, water filtration, etc. Variability and predominance of a specific interaction are attributed to feedstock types and conditions of biochar production. Biochar is a product of burning waste organic matter such as wood, grasses, crop residues, lignite and manure, under conditions of limited oxygen during pyrolysis processes. The production of biochar from agricultural wastes is able to significantly reduce the volume andweight of the wastes. Because of this character, biocharis considered as a promising means for managing the biomass wastes. The changes in the ratios of H/C and O/C occurred during pyrolysis processes transform the molecular structures and arrangement of the atoms and result in high stability, aromaticity and recalcitrant characteristics of the biochar.Biochar can therefore keep carbon content for 100s-1000s years in soil which is crucial for soil health. Those biochar characteristics play beneficial role to mitigate CO2 emission byenhancing long-term carbon sequestration and its strong sorption affinity for organic contaminants. Therecalcitrant and longer life time nature of biochar draw carbon from the atmosphere and stabilize organic carbon in soil providing a carbon sink whilst improvingwater and soil quality. In this paper we discuss recent research development on biochar application for soil carbon sequestration and its future prospects. The results of our research on amendment of biochar from low rank coal lignite to the soil of palm oil plantation in stabilization of soil dissolved organic carbon are also discussed.
Combination of Moringa oleifera Extract and Fish Albumin can Reduce Inflammatory Cytokine TNFα and IFNγ and Lipid Retention in Steatohepatitis Mice Model
Authors: Nafisah Wirdatun , Chaubah M A L , L N Z , Soewondo A , Rifa’i M
Published: December 2019

Steatohepatitis is condition where there is accumulation of lipids in the liver. This condition can caused by alcohol consumtion and chemical subtances of industries.Morringa oleiferais a miracle plant that is capable as hepatoprotective and albumin encourages the process of homeostasis in the body. The aim of this study is to determine the effect ofM. oleiferaand albumin on pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IFNγ and lipid retention on steatohepatitis mice model. The research was conducted using 5 different groups. Normal control was completely untreated. Steatohepatitis control was induced with CCL4and alcohol withoutM. oleiferaand albumin administration. Three different doses ofM.oleiferais used in this study with dose 1000mg/kg BW and albumin was 5300 mg/kg BW. The first dose is combination ofM. oleifera75% and albumin 25%, next dose is 50%M. oleiferaand 50% albumin, and the last dose is 25%M. oleiferaand 75% albumin. After 2 weeks treatment withM. oleiferaand albumin (except normal and steatohepatitis group), mice were sacrificed and the liver and spleen were isolated. The liver tissues were fixed and embeded in parafin to analyse the histopathology by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The spleen used to isolate CD4 T cells and analyse pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IFNγ by flow cytometry analysis. The results showed the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IFNγ. Its reduction was linked to the reduction of lipid retention and it shows a promising effect of combinationM. oleiferaand albumin to treat steatohepatitis.
Characterization of Rhizosphere Bacteria and Their Potency as Phytoremediation Promoting Agents for Cr (VI) Contaminated Soil
Authors: Shilfiani Rohmah Nita , Suharjono  , Mustafa I
Published: December 2019

Rhizosphere bacteria have an adaptation mechanism in the chromium contaminated environment and produce compounds that promote the heavy metal resistance of plants. Bacteria were isolated from tannery waste contaminated rhizospheric soil ofFicus septicaBurm. F. Screening was done based on the level of Cr (VI) tolerance. High tolerant isolates were tested for their potential in phosphate-solubilizing, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and presence of chromium reductase (ChR) genes. Based on the results of screening, there were four rhizosphere bacterial isolates (R7, R9, R10, and R12) which were tolerant to 800 mg/L of Cr (VI). All isolates were able to produce IAA, EPS, and dissolve phosphate in medium containing 150 mg/L Cr (VI). The highest production capacity of IAA (25.08 μg/mL) and phosphate-solubilizing (150.98 μg/mL) was shown by R9 isolate, while the highest EPS production was found in R12 isolate (0.02 mg/L). ChR gene was found in R10 and R12 isolates. Bacterial isolates obtained from this study were potential to be used as promoting agents for phytoremediation of Cr (VI) contaminated soil.
Comparison of Organosulfur Bioactive Compounds in Bulb, Callus and Cells Suspension of Single Garlic (Allium sativum. L)
Authors: Kunti Setiowati Frida , Widoretno W , Lukiati B , Prasetyawan S
Published: December 2019

Single garlic (Allium sativum. L) is one of herbs widely used for healing various kinds of health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, atheroskeloris, and cancer. Benefits of single garlic as a medicinal plant was caused by organosulfur bioactive compounds which are widely used in the field of health including alliin, allicin, allyl sulphide, ajoene and dithiin. This study aimed to identify and compare a content of organosulfur bioactive compounds in bulb, callus and cells suspension. Callus induction was carried out by culturing the buds explants on MS basal medium with 2.4 D and kinetin. The cells suspension were conducted by culturing callus in liquid medium with 2.4 D and kinetin. HPLC technique was used to analyse organosulfur bioactive compound in samples. The HPLC chromatograms confirmed the same presence of 30 organosulfur bioactives compounds. Among the 30 detected alliin, allicin, allyl trisulphide, E1 propenyl allyl disulfide, 2 propenyl 1 propenyl disulfide, 2 vinyl 4H 1, 3 dithiin, 3 vinyl 4H 1, 2 dithiin and ajoene were found as the major compounds in samples. The ratio of bioactive compounds in the bulb, callus and cells suspension is 3, 5 : 1, 4 : 1. Although produced lower yields but callus and cell culture have a potency to produce organosulfur bioactive compounds. Yields can improved by addition elisitor, precursor or implementation of bioreactor cultur system, so that it can be used to support the use of herbal medicines.
Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Peel Effect on Peroxide Value of Cooking Oil
Authors: Rahayu S , Supriyatin  , Fauziah T R
Published: December 2019

Cooking oil is a staple in everyday life. Economic has been the reason of the repeated use. The quality of cooking oil can be known from taste, colour, and aroma. In terms of aroma, rancidity is caused by the presence of peroxide. Peroxide is a sign of oil breakdown or damage due to oxidation, which causes a rancid odour. Lime peel is used as an antioxidant because it contains vitamin C, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Damage to cooking oil can’t be prevented but can be lowered by giving antioxidants from lime peel. This study aims to determine the effect of lime peel extract on the peroxide number in cooking oil. Antioxidant content of lime peel was measured by spectrophotometric absorbance of vitamin C, flavonoid and carotene content. Peroxide value was asses by titration. Oil clarity was also measured by spectrophotometric to confirm peroxide value. The method used in this study was an experiment using a complete randomized design with two factorials. The first factor is the type of solvent (distilled water, ethanol, and chloroform). The second factor is the extract concentration (70, 80, and 90) μg / ml. Peroxide number measurement was analysed using ANOVA (p <0.05) and continued with the Duncan test. Antioxidant content showed that lime peel contains vitamin C, flavonoid and carotene with highest in vitamin C. Peroxide value measurement obtained that distilled water extract concentration of 90 μg / ml had the lowest peroxide number of 0.56 MEquiv O2 / Kg while the highest value was found in distilled water extract of 80 μg / ml concentration (0.96.56 Mequiv O2 / Kg). Clarity of the oil was found best at 90µg/ml concentration (0.38). It can be concluded that lime peel extract significantly gave effects on peroxide number of cooking oil. Both concentration and extract solvent determine the peroxide number.