bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the University-Industry Link Affect Solving Challenges of the Job Market? Lessons From Teacher Education and the Ministry of Education in Malawi
Authors: Mkandawire Matthews Tiwaone , Luo Zubing , Maulidi Felix Kondwani
Published: January 2018

About half of the secondary school teachers in Malawi are professionally unqualified. Furthermore, the net enrolment of eligible pupils in secondary schools is at 36% per year. Hence, this study sought to establish factors affecting access to quality and relevant secondary education in Malawi with reference to coordination, collaboration, and feedback between secondary school teacher education institutions and the Ministry of Education. Officials from the Ministry of Education and secondary school teacher training colleges participated in the study. Findings suggest that there is weak collaboration, coordination, and feedback between teacher training institutions and the Ministry of Education which is affecting the quality and relevance of education in Malawi. The study has also established that the weak linkage has resulted into perceived mismatches between expectations of the ministry and those of the education institutions about the problem in question. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed in this article.
Safety aspects of hysteroscopy, specifically in relation to entry and specimen retrieval: a UK survey of practice
Authors: Walker S. H. , Gokhale L.
Published: January 2018

Background

The purpose of this study is to evaluate current practice amongst gynaecologists across the UK, regarding safety aspects of inpatient hysteroscopy under anaesthesia, specifically in relation to entry and specimen retrieval.

A survey was created using survey monkey. The first round was circulated to all registrar trainees and consultant gynaecologists across Wales. Following a good response, the survey was then circulated to all members of the British Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy (BSGE).

Results

There were 212 responses including, 140 consultants, 36 senior registrars, 17 junior registrars and 18 clinical nurse specialists. In total, 136 out of 212 (64.7%) always perform a vaginal examination prior to hysteroscopy. 10.4% always sound the uterus, and 5.2% always dilate the uterus prior to insertion of the hysteroscope. Twenty-three consultants, six senior registrars, three junior registrars and one clinical nurse specialist knew how to position the internal cervical os as visualised through the scope when using a 30° hysteroscope. 35.8% of candidates always perform a post-procedure cavity check, and 9% use suction to flush the cavity to aid vision during the post-procedure cavity check. The majority (76%) predicted dilatation as the stage most likely to cause uterine perforation and predicted the most likely site for perforation as the posterior uterine wall in the anteverted uterus and the anterior uterine wall in the retroverted uterus.

Conclusion

This study highlights varied practice across the UK regarding safety aspects of hysteroscopy, in relation to entry and specimen retrieval. There is a need for increased awareness of the risks of hysteroscopy and paramount precautions that should be performed routinely as part of their practice. Standardised guidelines may be a beneficial tool to help bring about this change in practice, leading to a reduction in uterine perforation rates.
Diabetic Foot Australia guideline on footwear for people with diabetes
Authors: van Netten Jaap J. , Lazzarini Peter A. , Armstrong David G. , Bus Sicco A. , Fitridge Robert , Harding Keith , Kinnear Ewan , Malone Matthew , Menz Hylton B. , Perrin Byron M. , Postema Klaas , Prentice Jenny , Schott Karl‐Heinz , Wraight Paul R.
Published: January 2018

Background

The aim of this paper was to create an updated Australian guideline on footwear for people with diabetes.

Methods

We reviewed new footwear publications, (inter)national guidelines, and consensus expert opinion alongside the 2013 Australian footwear guideline to formulate updated recommendations.

Result

We recommend health professionals managing people with diabetes should: (1) Advise people with diabetes to wear footwear that fits, protects and accommodates the shape of their feet. (2) Advise people with diabetes to always wear socks within their footwear, in order to reduce shear and friction. (3) Educate people with diabetes, their relatives and caregivers on the importance of wearing appropriate footwear to prevent foot ulceration. (4) Instruct people with diabetes at intermediate‐ or high‐risk of foot ulceration to obtain footwear from an appropriately trained professional to ensure it fits, protects and accommodates the shape of their feet. (5) Motivate people with diabetes at intermediate‐ or high‐risk of foot ulceration to wear their footwear at all times, both indoors and outdoors. (6) Motivate people with diabetes at intermediate‐ or high‐risk of foot ulceration (or their relatives and caregivers) to check their footwear, each time before wearing, to ensure that there are no foreign objects in, or penetrating, the footwear; and check their feet, each time their footwear is removed, to ensure there are no signs of abnormal pressure, trauma or ulceration. (7) For people with a foot deformity or pre‐ulcerative lesion, consider prescribing medical grade footwear, which may include custom‐made in‐shoe orthoses or insoles. (8) For people with a healed plantar foot ulcer, prescribe medical grade footwear with custom‐made in‐shoe orthoses or insoles with a demonstrated plantar pressure relieving effect at high‐risk areas. (9) Review prescribed footwear every three months to ensure it still fits adequately, protects, and supports the foot. (10) For people with a plantar diabetic foot ulcer, footwear is not specifically recommended for treatment; prescribe appropriate offloading devices to heal these ulcers.

Conclusions

This guideline contains 10 key recommendations to guide health professionals in selecting the most appropriate footwear to meet the specific foot risk needs of an individual with diabetes.
Effects of three frequencies of self-monitored blood glucose on HbA1c and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes with once daily insulin and stable control: a randomized trial
Authors: Hortensius Johanna , Kleefstra Nanne , Landman Gijs W. D. , Houweling Bas T. , Groenier Klaas H. , van der Bijl Jaap J. , Bilo Henk
Published: January 2018

Objective

The optimal frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with stable glycemic control is unknown. This study investigated effects of 3 frequencies of SMBG on glycemic control and quality of life after 9 months in patients using one long-acting insulin injection a day. In an open-label, multi-center, primary-care, parallel (1:1:1) randomized trial in the Netherlands including patients with T2DM, HbA1c ≤ 58 mmol/mol (≤ 7.5%), stable glycemic control, treated with one insulin injection daily, three frequencies of 4-point glucose measurements (before meals and bedtime) were weekly (n = 22), every 2 weeks (n = 16) and monthly (n = 20) were compared.

Results

A total of 58 patients with T2DM were included by 38 general practitioners, which was lower then anticipated. There were no significant between group differences in HbA1c (mmol/mol); group C compared to A and B; − 2.7 (95% CI − 6.4, 1.0) and − 1.0 (95% CI − 4.9, 3.0) and quality of life. Baring in mind the lower than anticipated inclusion rate, there were no significant differences in HbA1c and quality of life between three different frequencies of SMBG in patients with stable glycemic control using one long-acting insulin injection.

Trial registration NCT01460459, registered 10-2011, recruitment between 05-2011 and 12-2011
A state-of-the-art survey of malware detection approaches using data mining techniques
Authors: Souri Alireza , Hosseini Rahil
Published: January 2018

Data mining techniques have been concentrated for malware detection in the recent decade. The battle between security analyzers and malware scholars is everlasting as innovation grows. The proposed methodologies are not adequate while evolutionary and complex nature of malware is changing quickly and therefore turn out to be harder to recognize. This paper presents a systematic and detailed survey of the malware detection mechanisms using data mining techniques. In addition, it classifies the malware detection approaches in two main categories including signature-based methods and behavior-based detection. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) providing a summary of the current challenges related to the malware detection approaches in data mining, (2) presenting a systematic and categorized overview of the current approaches to machine learning mechanisms, (3) exploring the structure of the significant methods in the malware detection approach and (4) discussing the important factors of classification malware approaches in the data mining. The detection approaches have been compared with each other according to their importance factors. The advantages and disadvantages of them were discussed in terms of data mining models, their evaluation method and their proficiency. This survey helps researchers to have a general comprehension of the malware detection field and for specialists to do consequent examinations.
Nonstationary differential resolution: An algorithm to improve seismic resolution
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Ghazali Ahmad Riza
Published: January 2018

High-resolution seismic data enables better well ties, structure delineation, stratigraphic mapping, and reservoir characterization. Differential resolution (DR) is a data-driven method to improve seismic resolution, but it can introduce a false spatial amplitude variation in the seismic output due to whole trace normalization. The newly proposed normalization technique decomposes the input seismic trace using a translating Gaussian window and then implements the DR algorithm on each window. The introduced weight factors give the interpreter control of the degree of spectral broadening. These developments enable the algorithm to account for the nonstationary properties of the seismic trace, reduce spurious spatial amplitude variation, and provide broader bandwidth seismic data for detailed analysis. We described the mathematical derivation of the nonstationary differential resolution (NSDR) algorithm and its implementation on synthetic and real seismic data. A comparison of NSDR with the original and DR shows better relative amplitude preservation.
Using cuttings to extract geomechanical properties along lateral wells in unconventional reservoirs
Authors: Prioul Romain , Nolen-Hoeksema Richard , Loan MaryEllen , Herron Michael , Akkurt Ridvan , Frydman Marcelo , Reynolds Laurence , Sanchez Marcelo , Graf Gary , Karg Harald , Caniggia Javier
Published: January 2018

We have developed a method using measurements on drill cuttings as well as calibrated models to estimate anisotropic mechanical properties and stresses in unconventional reservoirs, when logs are not available in lateral wells. We measured mineralogy and organic matter on cuttings using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). We described the methodology and illustrated it using two vertical control wells in the Vaca Muerta Formation, Argentina, and one lateral well drilled in the low-maturity oil-bearing reservoir. The method has two steps. First, using a vertical control well containing measurements from cuttings, a comprehensive logging suite, cores, and in situ stress tests, we define and calibrate four models: petrophysical, rock physics, dynamic-static elastic, and geomechanical. The petrophysical model provides petrophysical constituent volumes (mineralogy, organic matter, and fluids) from logs or DRIFTS inputs to the rock-physics model for calculating the dynamic anisotropic elastic moduli. The dynamic-static elastic and geomechanics models provide the relationships for computing static elastic properties and the minimum stress. Second, we acquire DRIFTS data on cuttings in the target lateral well and apply the four models for calculating stresses. We find that the method is successful for two reasons. First, the sonic-log-derived elastic moduli could be reconstructed accurately from the rock-physics model using input from petrophysical volumes from logs and DRIFTS data. A striking observation is that the elastic-property heterogeneity in those wells is explainable almost solely by compositional variations. Second, petrophysical volumes can be reconstructed by the petrophysical model and DRIFTS data. In the lateral well, we observed horizontal variations of mineralogy and organic matter, which controlled variations of elastic moduli and its anisotropy, and, in turn, affected partitioning of the gravitational and tectonic components in the minimum stress. This methodology promises accurate in situ stress estimates using cutting-based measurements and assessments of unconventional-reservoir heterogeneity.
Acoustic full-waveform inversion in an elastic world
Authors: Agudo Òscar Calderón , da Silva Nuno Vieira , Warner Michael , Morgan Joanna
Published: January 2018

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique used to obtain high-quality velocity models of the subsurface. Despite the elastic nature of the earth, the anisotropic acoustic wave equation is typically used to model wave propagation in FWI. In part, this simplification is essential for being efficient when inverting large 3D data sets, but it has the adverse effect of reducing the accuracy and resolution of the recovered P-wave velocity models, as well as a loss in potential to constrain other physical properties, such as the S-wave velocity given that amplitude information in the observed data set is not fully used. Here, we first apply conventional acoustic FWI to acoustic and elastic data generated using the same velocity model to investigate the effect of neglecting the elastic component in field data and we find that it leads to a loss in resolution and accuracy in the recovered velocity model. Then, we develop a method to mitigate elastic effects in acoustic FWI using matching filters that transform elastic data into acoustic data and find that it is applicable to marine and land data sets. Tests show that our approach is successful: The imprint of elastic effects on the recovered P-wave models is mitigated, leading to better-resolved models than those obtained after conventional acoustic FWI. Our method requires a guess of [Formula: see text] and is marginally more computationally demanding than acoustic FWI, but much less so than elastic FWI.
Elastic least-squares reverse time migration using the energy norm
Authors: Rocha Daniel , Sava Paul
Published: January 2018

Incorporating anisotropy and elasticity into least-squares migration is an important step toward recovering accurate amplitudes in seismic imaging. An efficient way to extract reflectivity information from anisotropic elastic wavefields exploits properties of the energy norm. We derive linearized modeling and migration operators based on the energy norm to perform anisotropic least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) describing subsurface reflectivity and correctly predicting observed data without costly decomposition of wave modes. Imaging operators based on the energy norm have no polarity reversal at normal incidence and remove backscattering artifacts caused by sharp interfaces in the earth model, thus accelerating convergence and generating images of higher quality when compared with images produced by conventional methods. With synthetic and field data experiments, we find that our elastic LSRTM method generates high-quality images that predict the data for arbitrary anisotropy, without the complexity of wave-mode decomposition and with a high convergence rate.
Stochastic nonlinear inversion of seismic data for the estimation of petroelastic properties using the ensemble smoother and data reparameterization
Authors: Liu Mingliang , Grana Dario
Published: January 2018

We have developed a new stochastic nonlinear inversion method for seismic reservoir characterization studies to jointly estimate elastic and petrophysical properties and to quantify their uncertainty. Our method aims to estimate multiple reservoir realizations of the entire set of reservoir properties, including seismic velocities, density, porosity, mineralogy, and saturation, by iteratively updating the initial ensemble of models based on the mismatch between their seismic response and the measured seismic data. The initial models are generated using geostatistical methods and the geophysical forward operators include rock-physics relations and a seismic forward model. The optimization is achieved using an iterative ensemble-based algorithm, namely, the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation, in which each iteration is based on a Bayesian updating step. The advantages of the proposed method are that it can be applied to nonlinear inverse problems and it can provide an ensemble of solutions from which we can quantify the uncertainty of the model properties of interest. To reduce the computational cost of the inversion, we perform the optimization in a lower dimensional data space reparameterized by singular value decomposition. The proposed methodology is validated on a synthetic case in which the set of petroelastic properties is recovered with satisfactory accuracy. Then, we applied the inversion method to a real seismic data set from the Norne field in the Norwegian Sea.
New Ecological Sympathies
Authors: Ballard Susan
Published: January 2018

At the turn of the previous century Henri Bergson suggested that sympathy offered a way to understand interspecies relationships. Samuel Butler took Bergson’s ideas to an absurd extent by mixing them with readings of Charles Darwin and claiming a vital impulse for machines. By interspersing a story of humans and machines with insect life, Butler pointed to a broad imaginative web of interspecies and machinic relationships. Contemporary artists Pierre Huyghe, Ann Lislegaard, and Hayden Fowler use video and installation art to explore interspecies relationships in time and space. In very different ways Huyghe, Lislegaard, and Fowler use the art gallery to demonstrate how humans might sympathetically engage with ecological transformation, and thus the confronting possibility of our own extinction.

In looking back at Bergson and Butler through contemporary art, I suggest that the art gallery gives us a sympathetic space in which we can encounter the knowledges of Bergson and Darwin, temper them with the imaginings of Butler, and ground them with the transformative living machines created by Huyghe, Lislegaard, and Fowler. By entering the spaces of the art gallery and locating ourselves in the place of others, sympathy read alongside machinic evolution suggests a new approach to the ecological disaster of species extinction.
The Alexandrian Library of Life
Authors: Sayre Gordon M.
Published: January 2018

In the last quarter-century many scientific, environmental, and popular publications have used a metaphor comparing species extinction and the loss of biodiversity in the modern era to the destruction of the ancient Library of Alexandria in Egypt more than 1,500 years ago. The rhetorical figure is characteristic of the environmental humanities, for it invokes the value of cultural and literary treasures to reinforce the importance of biological diversity. This article traces the origins of the metaphor to related figures of The Book of Life and to the figure of genetic information as a textual code. The Alexandrian Library of Life caught hold in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when concern about biodiversity and the destruction of tropical rainforests coincided with developments in gene sequencing, the Human Genome Project, and the growth of Internet communications and electronic library collections. Scientists and environmentalists at that time sensed both the promise of unprecedented access to bio-information and the threat of lost knowledge through species extinction. The popularity of the metaphor conceals several weaknesses, however. Living species, even using the methods of gene sequencing, cannot be archived or copied like texts, and the impulse to do so reflects imperialist efforts to appropriate and control knowledge, as several empires attempted to do at Alexandria during the library’s long history. The metaphor of a species as a book, represented in the library by one specimen or copy, obscures the fact that the Alexandrian library consisted of manuscripts, not print books. In essence, species may be more like manuscripts than books after all.
On the Plausibility of Intelligent Life on Other Worlds
Authors: Dunér David
Published: January 2018

The apprehension of the last three factors of the Drake equation, fi · fc · L, is misguided or at least not very well examined. This article scrutinizes the underlying suppositions involved in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) research. What is meant by “intelligence,” “technology,” and “civilization”? What makes them possible, and how do they evolve? The present examination aims to arrive at a more well-founded search for extraterrestrial intelligence that takes into account current research within cognitive science, the history of technology, and the history of socialization. What we need is a cognitive-semiotic approach to the extent, distribution, and evolution of extraterrestrial intelligence. The three variables fi · fc · L concern how an extraterrestrial biosphere evolves cognitively flexible organisms that, through a biocultural coevolution, acquire an increasing capability to manipulate the surrounding environment for the purpose of transferring shared mental states. In addition, this has to last for a period of time long enough to coincide with the relatively brief existence of Homo sapiens sapiens.
Biocompatible Batteries—Materials and Chemistry, Fabrication, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Stauss Sven , Honma Itaru
Published: January 2018

Energy storage systems for powering electronic medical implants and sensors are essentially based on conventional electrode materials and electrolytes. Because of their toxicity, these battery systems need special encapsulation, which leads to bulky devices. Batteries based on biocompatible electrodes and electrolytes overcome these limitations and hold promise as viable alternatives for powering medical implants and devices. The present review aims at giving an overview of possible battery systems and current performance. It also gives a summary of battery architectures and their fabrication, with a focus on potential miniaturization. Advances in biocompatible batteries are expected to have not only a large impact on electronic medical implants and point-of-care monitoring systems, but also for environmental sensing and transient electronics.
New UiO-66/CuxS Heterostructures: Surface Functionalization Synthesis and Their Application in Photocatalytic Degradation of RhB
Authors: Ma Xiaoyue , Lou Yongbing , Chen Jinxi
Published: January 2018

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their heterostructures have been considered as suitable materials for photodegradation of organic pollutants in water treatment. In this work, a series of UiO-66/CuxS composites with different CuxS contents were prepared by using 3-mercaptopropionic acid as a surface-functionalizing agent to anchor CuxS nanoparticles onto UiO-66 surface. The as-synthesized UiO-66/CuxS composites were characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis, PL and the possible growth mechanism of the heterostructure composites was proposed. The UiO-66/CuxS composites were successfully used as photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. Noticeably, the photocatalytic efficiency of UiO-66/CuxS composites could be tuned by changing Cu/Zr molar ratios. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the synergistic effect between CuxS nanoparticles and UiO-66 frameworks materials. This study provided useful information for the preparation of MOF/semiconductor heterostructure photocatalysts via the surface functionalization method.
Hot extrusion of inner stages in housings
Authors: Чудин В. , Chudin V.
Published: January 2018

A technological scheme and computation for the process of stage extrusion in housings of high-strength aluminum alloys are offered. Blank material is assumed to be viscoplastic during hot working, that is, deformation strengthening is followed by softening in view of viscous deformations growth (short-term creep). An extreme theorem of plasticity is used, in accordance with which the deformation kinematics defines the upper boundary assessment of pressure. The flow kinematics is defined with the aid of a discontinuous field of traverse speeds. At the same time a power in the deformation areas and on the surfaces of a speed gap is computed. The pressure of the operation is defined through a power equation of equilibrium in powers and depends upon strengthening and a rate of deformation. The assessment of damageability of blank material is given according to equations of the energetic and kinetic theories of strength at viscoplasticity. The calculated data and a product sample are shown.
The study of the properties of steel 40X13 complex obtained by heat treatment– high vacuum annealing - diffusion saturation with silicon
Authors: Суслов Анатолий , Suslov Anatoliy , Шалыгин Михаил , Shalygin Mikhail
Published: January 2018

On based on the analysis of the possibility of hardening of steel 40x13 comprehensive treatment to a depth of 4.2 mm. the results of tests on the resistance to fracture and wear. Presents results of a study of hardness and micro geometry of the surface layer of samples. Comprehensive treatment, consisting of thermal and mechanical treatments, high-vacuum annealing and diffusion silicon may become a promising direction to increase the service life of steel parts
Wear-resistant coating formation on aluminum ally Al9 through galvanic, detonation and gas-cycle methods
Authors: Петрова Л. , Petrova L. , Александров В. , Aleksandrov V. , Морщилов М. , Morshchilov M.
Published: January 2018

This paper reports the comparative assessment of coatings on aluminum alloy Al9 obtained through different methods of surface strengthening under conditions of products wear operation. It is shown that galvanic coatings allow increasing surface hardness up to 4500 Pa and they may be recommended for products with wear operation with small specific load. Surface strengthening by oxides with the use of the detonation method of plating allowing the formation of layers with higher hardness (9000 MPa) may be recommended for products with wear operation under higher specific loads. For products operating with wear under hard conditions of loading, particularly, in aggressive environment (chemical engineering) there are recommended gas-cycle coatings consisting of metal-organic compounds of chromium with hardness up to 16 000 MPa.
A comparison between DACC with chlorhexidine acetate-soaked paraffin gauze and foam dressing for skin graft donor sites
Authors: Lee Jun Won , Park Seong Hoon , Suh In Suck , Jeong Hii Sun
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Retrograde infections often occur with excessive or incomplete drainage of exudate, or as a result of adherence of dressings to wounds. Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC) irreversibly binds to bacterial surfaces and physically removes bacteria when dressings are changed. Chlorhexidine acetate-soaked paraffin gauze provides a moist wound-healing environment. We hypothesise that when DACC is combined with chlorhexidine acetate-soaked paraffin gauze, wound healing times decrease.

Method:

From January 2013 to June 2015, medical records were retrospectively evaluated in 60 patients who underwent split-thickness skin grafts (STSG). Patients were divided into two groups: a ‘thick skin group’ and a ‘thin skin group’. These two groups were further subdivided into a control group, where conventional foam dressings were applied to wounds, and an experimental group, where chlorhexidine acetate-soaked paraffin gauze with DACC was applied (DACC group). We compared the wound healing time between these subgroups. Differences in infected wound healing times were also compared. The Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare wound healing times between groups.

Results:

Epithelialisation duration was significantly shorter in the DACC group. The control group had longer wound healing times, regardless of wound size. In the thick skin group, the median healing duration was 12 days in the control subgroup, compared with 9.5 days in the DACC subgroup (p=0.049). In the thin skin subgroup, the median healing duration in the control group was 18 days, compared with 10 days in the DACC subgroup (p=0.013).

Conclusion:

Application of DACC and chlorhexidine acetate-soaked paraffin gauze to skin graft donor sites can shorten healing times and is effective in treating infected wounds.
Pyoderma gangrenosum demographics, treatments, and outcomes: an analysis of 2,273 cases
Authors: Sasor Sarah E. , Soleimani Tahereh , Chu Michael W. , Cook Julia A. , Nicksic Peter J. , Tholpady Sunil S.
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare, neutrophil-mediated, auto-inflammatory dermatosis. This condition has clinical features analogous to infectious processes and must be quickly diagnosed to be properly treated. The purpose of this study was to characterise relevant clinical features associated with pyoderma gangrenosum based on a large inpatient cohort.

Method:

The National Inpatient Sample (US) was used to identify patients with the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum using ICD-9 diagnosis code 686.01, during the years 2008–2010. Data was collected on demographics, associated diagnoses, treatments and outcomes. Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.3 software.

Results:

A total of 2,273 adult patients were identified with pyoderma gangrenosum. Mean age was 56 years; 66.4% were female; 71.1% were Caucasian. Pyoderma gangrenosum was the primary diagnosis in 22.6% of patients, followed by cellulitis (9.4%), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (6.9%), wound/ulcer (5.4%), sepsis (4.7%), and postoperative infection/complication (2.7%). The most common procedures performed were wound debridement (5.3%), skin biopsy (5.1%), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (2%), large bowel biopsy (1.9%), and incision and drainage (1.1%). A total of 74 patients (3.2%) died during hospitalisation.

Conclusion:

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a serious skin condition, frequently associated with systemic disease, and often confused with other skin pathergies. Pyoderma gangrenosum should be considered when evaluating patients with ulcers, wounds, and post-operative complications. A high index of suspicion is necessary for early and accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Korelasi Positif Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler dengan Tingkat Stres pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sekarningrum Putu Anindia , Windiani IGA Trisna , Adnyana IGAN Sugitha
Published: January 2018

Latar belakang. Kompetisi antar orangtua merupakan salah satu penyebab munculnya sindrom hurried child, yaitu fenomena percepatan perkembangan anak. Anak diberi berbagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler setiap minggu yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan anak. Hubungan orangtua dan anak yang tidak sehat cenderung membuat anak merasa tertekan ketika menjalankan kegiatan akademik mereka. Kesenjangan antara tuntutan dari orangtua dan kemampuan diri anak akan menimbulkan kondisi stres di bidang akademik pada anak.Tujuan. Mencari besar korelasi antara kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dengan tingkat stres pada anak sekolah dasar.Metode. Digunakan rancangan penelitianobservasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Penentuan lokasi dan subjek penelitian digunakan metode purposive sehingga terpilih Sekolah Dasar Swasta C Denpasar. Hasil. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi dengan uji korelasi Pearson, didapatkan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler memiliki korelasi positif lemah dengan tingkat stres (r=0,309). Semakin lama mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di bidang pelajaran sekolah dalam seminggu maka semakin tinggi skor stres (r=0,403) dan semakin lama mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di bidang seni dalam seminggu maka semakin tinggi skor stres (r=0,166).Kesimpulan. Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler memiliki korelasi positif dengan tingkat stres pada anak sekolah dasar.
Acute Toxicity and Genotoxic Activity of Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) Herb Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Rumiyati Rumiyati , Muna Laili Nailul , Hidayati Devi Nisa , Jenie Riris Istighfari
Published: January 2018

Previous studies showed that Leunca herb ethanolic extract (LHE) has cytotoxic activity in several cancer cell lines such as HepG2 and HT-29. The extract also demonstrated as potential agent to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic in combination with doxorubicin and cisplatin. The combination is supposed to reduce occurance of cell resistance and  toxicity towards normal cell. In order to verify safety before being applied to human, toxicological and genotoxic evaluation of the extract is important to be done. This research was therefore aimed to investigate acute toxicity and genotoxic activity of LHE. The acute toxicity study was carried out in three groups of 5 mice that was orally administrated by LHE at different doses consisting 300, 2000 and 5000 mg/kgBW. Mortality and sign of toxicity were observed during 7 days. Genotoxic activity was carried out using Mononuclear Polychromatic Erythrosite (MNPCE) assay at a doses range of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kgBW. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) at the dose of 50 mg/kg was used as positive control. The result showed that LHE did not cause lethal effect on animal model up to doses of 5000 mg/kgBW. However, toxicity signs were found in animal model on day 0-6 of the observation. LHE had lower genotoxic activity compared to cyclophosphamide at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. The low genotoxic activity and acute toxicity of LHE suggested that the extract might be safe to be used as medicine.Keywords: leunca herb ethanolic extract, genotoxicity, acute toxicity
The Effect of Co-Administration of Telang Leaves Ethanolic Extract Towards Fluoxetin’s Sedative Effect on Male Balb/C Mice Based on Sleeping Duration Parameter
Authors: Artanti Anif Nur , Ulfah Maria
Published: January 2018

One of Telang plant’s advantages is its activity as sedative agent. Previous studies indicate that Telang plant has anticonvulsant activity on mice at certain dose. This study was conducted to find out the sedative effect of Telang plant, particularly its leaf, when being co-administered with fluoxetin. Phytochemical analysis was carried out qualitatively on Telang ethanolic extract leaves (TEE) to find out the content of chemical compound first.This study was an experimental research with post-test only control group design, employing male balb/c mice. The effect of Telang ethanolic extract co-administration with fluoxetin was observed. The parameter being used in the study was the duration of sleep. Analysis was done by comparing mice sleeping duration prior to administration of fluoxetin alone and in combination with Telang ethanolic extract. The data was then analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows.The results showed that TEE contained tannin, saponin, and flavonoid compounds, and co-administration of TEE and fluoxetin at various doses could provide sedative effect on mice. The co-administration of 400 mg/kgBW extract and 15 mg/kgBW fluoxetin could provide the mean sleeping duration 43 minutes longer than positive control.Keywords:  telang leaves ethanol extract, fluoxetin, sleeping duration
The Combination of High Calcium Milk with Citrus maxima Peels Ethanolic Extract Increased Bone Density of Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Dianingati Ragil S. , Novarina Annisa , Hana Amanita K. , Muntafi'ah Laeli , Lukitaningsih Endang
Published: January 2018

Osteoporosis is a common problem in menopause woman. The main cause is lack of estrogen hormone. Commonly, prevention therapy is by consuming high calcium milk, but it is not effective. Bali orange’s peel (Citrus maxima Merr.) is a waste material but known contains phytoestrogen according to previous study. Considering of this result, fortification of high calcium milk and Bali orange’s peel is expected to be an effective solution for osteoporosis in menopause woman. This research began with extraction of Bali orange’s peel (BPE) using ethanol 70% by maceration method. Ovariectomized Sprague Dawley female rats as the model of post menopausal woman were treated by BPE for 28 days. The doses of BPE was given to rats is 500 and 1000 mg/KgBW combined with high calcium milk. Bone density was determined using digital microradiography, the profile showed the increase of bone density in group that treated with combination of BPE 1000 mg/Kg BW and high calcium milk compare to control and given only milk groups. Docking molecular showed that BPE’s active compound which are hesperidin and naringin have interaction with estrogen receptor α and β. Docking score of naringin with ER α and β are -19,97; -18,99 respectively. Meanwhile the docking score of hesperidin with ER α and β are -19,98; +49,92 respectively. Overall, the result of this research showed that fortification of BPE with high calcium milk has good prospect to develop as effective therapy of osteoporosis.Keywords : Citrus maxima Merr., phytoestrogen, osteoporosis, high calcium milk, estrogen receptor
Combination Effect of N-Hexane Extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. with Doxorubicin Againts HeLa Cell Lines
Authors: Z. Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa , Rosidah Rosidah
Published: January 2018

The study was aimed to investigate the growth inhibiting effect of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng n-hexane extract (PAN) in combination with doxorubicin againts HeLa cell Lines, to observe the apoptotic induction and immunocytochemistry of HeLa cell Lines on cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Cox-2 after treatment of PAN. The percentage viability of the cell were carried out by using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The effect of apoptosis was observed by flowcytometry assay in single dose of PAN. The expression of cyclin D1, Bcl2 and COX-2 proteins were investigated on HeLa cell lines by using immunocytochemistry. The result showed that PAN showed strong synergistic effect with doxorubicin againts HeLa cells based on Combination Index analysis. No significant apoptotic induction of PAN in HeLa cell lines, but the extract caused necrosis. The immunocytochemical study showed suppression of cyclin D1, Bcl2 and COX-2 expression on HeLa cell lines. The results concluded that PAN could be a potential co-chemoterapeutic agent with doxorubicin on cervix cancer cells but need to be explored further by its combination on specific molecular target.Keywords : Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng., combination, HeLa cell lines
Antiproliferative Effect of Electric Fields on Breast Tumor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Alamsyah Firman , Ajrina Izzatun Niswah , Dewi Fitriya Nur Annisa , Iskandriati Diah , Prabandari Silvia Arin , Taruno Warsito P.
Published: January 2018

Our research focused on the antiproliferative effect of low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (100 KHz) electrostatic wave between two capacitive electrodes on breast tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study has been conducted by using MCF-7 cell lines treated with external electrostatic for 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment and the cells number were calculated during treatment by using hemocytometer and presented as Growth Inhibition (GI)% efficacy. For in vivo, we used female mice (Mus musculus) strain C3H as animal model. The mice were injected with either MCF-7 cells, mammary tumor cells from C3H donor, or NaCl 0.9% (placebo) subcutaneously into the axilla area and exposed by external electrostatic in each cage for 12 hours in 2 weeks before necropsied. The adjacent and breast tissue were collected and stained with Hematoxylin – Eosin then analyzed for histopathological profile. In vitro study revealed the number of exposed cells decreased with lower proliferation rate than the non-exposed cells. Moreover, the external electrostatic caused 28-39% growth inhibition efficacy of MCF-7 cells. After 2 weeks of exposure, placebo mice were physically normal, whereas the tumor undergone significant shrinkage of more than 67% in size. Histopathological analysis of the mammary glands indicated infiltration of macrophages into the tumor area through the blood vessel. No abnormality was found in the skin layer and mammary glands of the breast tissue of placebo mice. Here, we present new knowledge of electro-capacitive cancer therapy (ECCT) as a novel treatment modality.Keywords : ECCT, tumor, in vitro, in vivo, breast cancer cells, antiproliferative
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb Rhizome, Morinda Citrifolia Fruit and Apium graveolens Leaf on Lipopplysaccharide-induce RAW 264.7 Cell Lines
Authors: Andrina Siska , Churiyah Churiyah , Nuralih Nuralih
Published: January 2018

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Morinda citrifolia and Apium graveolens are Indonesian plants which have been used in traditional medicine as an antihelmintic, antimicrobial, antiinflammation and antioxidant. In this study, the antiinflammatory activity of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome, Morinda citrifolia fruit and Apium graveolens leaf extract was investigated. All of extract was prepared by maceration with ethanol 70% and treated for antiinflammatory effect by using inducible-nitric oxide secretion measurement on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induce macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We used three concentration of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome and Apium graveolens leaf extract at 25 ppm; 50 ppm; 100 ppm while for Morinda citrifolia fruit extract with 50 ppm; 100 ppm; 200 ppm. This study revealed that rhizome of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and fruit of Morinda citrifolia extract inhibited inducible-nitric oxide synthesis with highest value of 84.2% at 25 ppm and  85,71% at 100 ppm in cells. However, leaf of Apium graveolens extract showed low inhibition with highest values of 18,85% at 100 ppm. This study demonstrates the potential of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. rhizome and Morinda citrifolia fruit as antiinflammatory agents.Keywords: Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., Apium graveolens, Morinda citrifolia, antiinflammation, inducible-nitric oxide, lipopolysaccharide-induce macrophage RAW 264.7 cells
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic-inducing Effect of Fraction Containing Brazilein from Caesalpinia sappan L. and Cisplatin on T47D Cell Lines
Authors: Tirtanirmala Prisnu , Novarina Annisa , Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Sugiyanto Raisatun Nisa , Jenie Riris Istighfari , Meiyanto Edy
Published: January 2018

Anticancer activity of secang’s heartwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is based on its main compound: brazilin and brazilein. Brazilin, brazilein, and other compounds such as caesalpiniaphenol can affect proteins that have a role in apoptosis. In this study, we observed cytotoxic activity of fraction containing brazilein (FCB) alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin and the ability of the combination to induce apoptosis in T47D breast cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity assay was determined using MTT assay, whereas the detection apoptosis induction was conducted using flow cytometry using Annexin-V and propidium iodide. FCB and cisplatin showed cytotoxic effect on T47D cells with IC50 value of 68 µg/mL and 16 µM, respectively. Combination of FCB and cisplatin result synergistic combination at the concentration ratio of 1/2 IC50 with CI value of 0.66. Its combination also able to induce apoptosis on T47D cell population 13% larger than the single treatment. Based on this study, we conclude that FCB is able to enhance the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin by inducing apoptosis.Keywords:  Caesalpinia sappan L., cisplatin, apoptosis, breast cancer
Effect of Propolis Extract to Heal The Burns in New Zealand Rabbit
Authors: Hilaria Maria , Elisma Elisma , Uhe Adrianus L.
Published: January 2018

Propolis contains arginine (amino acids), ferulic acid (a derivative compound cinnamic which promotes the formation of collagen), flavonoids (phenolic compounds), and other compounds that can prevent the growth of bacteria, virus, and fungi. The purpose of this study was to measure the most concentration of propolis extracts that effective to heal burns of New Zealand rabbit's.  This was an experimental study with the post-test only control group design. As many as 15 male white rabbits were divided into 5 groups which treated by  propolis extract  with concentration of 50%, 75%, 100%, positive control by bioplacenton and negative control with propylene glycol. The macroscopic observation was done with detached necrosis tissue and the growth of collagen tissue as the parameter. Data were analyzed by using the one-way ANOVA and continued by the SNK test. The results of this study indicated that the propolis extracted have potency on healing burn wound with the significance of 0.00 (p≤0,05). In the concentration of 100%, extract of propolis has  potency on healing burn wound that proportionates with bioplacenton with the significance value of 1.000 (p≥0,05). It is concluded that by increasing dose, the healing time of burn wound will be shortened.Keywords : Propolis, healing burns, rabbit
The Gastroprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Curcuma domestica Val. on Mice Induced Ethanol - HCl
Authors: Farikha Fitri Rahmania , Bachri Moch. Saiful
Published: January 2018

Curcuma domestica Val. (CD) is one of plant used as traditional medicine in around the world. One of the benefit of CD is to treat  peptic ulcers. The aim of preset study to prove that the ethanol extract of CD  has gastroprotective  activity. This study used 25 male mice were divided into 5 groups. Group I as a control group were given suspension of 0.5% Na-CMC, groups II, III, and IV were each given ethanol extract of CD suspense with 0.5% Na-CMC at a dose of 50 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg respectively, and group V was given ranitidine 10 mg/kg. All groups were treated orally for 6 days, then  fasted for 24 hours, on the seventh day all mice induced 3M HCl - ethanol 60% (1:1) 0.2 ml/25 gBW. One hour later, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, then dissected and taken  gastric. Then performed an ulcer scoring and the curative ratio is calculated later in the histopathologic test. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Levene test and ANOVA followed by LSD test level of 95%. The results showed there was no significant difference between the control with dose 50 mg/kgBW (p>0.05) and showed significant difference between control with dose 100 mg/kgBW (p<0.05),dose of 200 mg/kgBW (p<0,05), and ranitidine 10 mg/kgBW (p<0.05). Curative ratio percentage dose of 100 mg/kgBW; 200 mg/kgBW, and ranitidine are 38.89%, 61.11% and 66.67 % respectively. The conclusion of this research, the ethanol extract of  Curcuma domestica Val at the dose 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kgBW showed  have gastroprotective activity.Keywords: Gastroprotective, Curcuma domestica Val., ethanol-HCl, Gastric ulcer