bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A FRAMEWORK FOR COOPERATIVE DYNAMIC TASK ASSESSMENT FOR COTSBOT AUVs
Authors: Kumar Mr.T.Senthil
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT-This project presents a proposed framework aimed at collaborative and dynamic allocation of tasks for a specific group of self- governing underwater vehicles known as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). These AUVs are utilized to manage the proliferation of Crown-Of-Thorns starfish (COTS) on the Great Barrier Reef situated in Australia. The concept of constrained task allocation is employed to reframe the supervision and regulation of COTS into a challenge where a central task involves eradicating clusters of COTS using the injection mechanism integrated into the COTSbot AUVs. The operational setting, encompassing underwater topography, COTS clusters, and shorelines, is mapped probabilistically. The COTSbot AUVs are then collaboratively deployed to target as many COTS clusters as possible within a designated mission timeframe, utilizing an inventive heuristic technique termed Heuristic Fleet Cooperation (HFC). To substantiate the efficiency and dependability of the proposed collaborative task allocation algorithm for COTS eradication in the Great Barrier Reef, comprehensive simulations and quantitative performance evaluations are conducted.
2D GAME DEVELOPMENT USING UNITY ENGINE “MINOTSCAPE”
Authors: PRAKASH Dr.S
Published: August 2023

2D game development involves the creation of games that exist within a two-dimensional space, where characters, objects, and environments are represented using two axes: X and Y. This medium offers a diverse range of gameplay possibilities, from side-scrolling adventures to top-down exploration and puzzle- solving experiences. As we grown by playing and enjoying 2D games from our childhood, we always wondered how these games work .This is why the reason we have planned to develop 2D game in order to learn the process. The realm of video games has witnessed a profound transformation over the decades, marked by the evolution of graphics, gameplay mechanics, and player experiences. This research delves into the intricate world of 2D games, exploring their enduring relevance and innovative contributions to the gaming industry. Through an extensive analysis of historical and contemporary examples, this study examines the artistic, technical, and design aspects that have shaped the trajectory of 2D gaming. The objectives of this research are threefold: to uncover the reasons behind the sustained popularity of 2D games in an era dominated by 3D graphics; to investigate the utilization of advanced technologies and techniques in enhancing the visual appeal and interactivity of 2D games; and to highlight the unique design challenges faced by developers in creating compelling gameplay within the constraints of a two-dimensional space.
Analysis of ChatGPT and Its Effect on Various Academic Fields of Study
Authors: Kumar Rakesh
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the field of chatbots has made tremendous strides, with ChatGPT—a well-known example running on the GPT-3.5 architecture—standing out as a particularly impressive success. In this research, the potential of ChatGPT and its transformational effects on many disciplines of study are examined and analyzed. This study's main goal is to examine how ChatGPT's NLP skills affect and transform fields including medicine, education, customer service, creative writing, and psychological wellness. The research intends to provide insights into both the beneficial benefits and possible difficulties connected with the integration of ChatGPT in various sectors by an extensive analysis of the current literature, case studies, and real-world implementations.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM OF CARIPRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Prakash Chaudhari Kamlesh
Published: August 2023

Mouth dissolving film is now a days preferred route of drug administration due to patient compliance. The developed film formulation is a patient-friendly formulation that would be useful for people who have difficulty of swallowing. The results have shown that the HPMC-K4M is good film former and shows bioadhesion property. In combination with PEG-400, it has shown promising fast drug release within 10 min. and good folding endurance. Hence a semi-synthetic cellulose derivative which is affordable and abundantly available can be used as a potential drug release modifier and also used to improve flexibility and processability in the mouth dissolving films. Successful formulation of Cariprazine mouth dissolving films may prevent first pass metabolism to a large possible extent. From the present study it can be concluded that HPMC-K4M based mouth dissolving films of Cariprazine can be successfully prepared with considerable good stability and improved bioavailability Keywords: Mpouth dissolving, Cariprazine, Evaluation
Reporting comprehensive income and firms' earnings management
Authors: Wei Zhang
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the impact of reporting comprehensive income and other income through performance or equity statements on firms' earnings management through the selective sale of available-for-sale (AFS) securities. The objective is to explore how Canadian firms can improve transparency by altering managers' accounting behavior by switching from equity statements to income statements. The study used a difference-in-differences method in a quasi-experimental framework. The results showed that negative net income and post-period net income in performance statements can reduce realized gains and losses. Available-for-sale securities also affect these gains and losses in performance and equity statements. Single statement adopters only smooth earnings when net income is positive or when available-for-sale gains are large enough to offset negative earnings. Income statement (IS) adopters reduced earnings smoothing more than other treatment firms. Managers with less job security were found to be more likely to engage in earnings smoothing, and earnings smoothing decreased more during the pre-to-post period. Equity incentives reduced the tendency to smooth earnings, particularly in treatment firms with CEOs whose pay is more sensitive to stock price changes. Treatment firms outperform control firms in predicting future earnings using realized gains and losses on AFS securities per share. The findings suggest that firms manage earnings less effectively by selectively selling AFS securities when comprehensive income (CI) or other comprehensive income (OCI) is presented in performance statements. Firms win when earnings management is reduced because it reduces the informativeness of realized gains and losses on AFS securities. Managers will use more earnings management strategies as long as they have incentives.
Vision Screening of Learners by Teachers in Kafue District in Zambia as a Strategy to Address the Challenges of Childhood Blindness
Authors: Muma Kangwa I. M. , Mutati Grace Chipalo , Munthali Judith , Chibwe Teddy , Ngalande Evans , Siputuma Kenneth , Phiri Exhildah , Nyaywa Mutale , Mwelwa Godfrey , Buglass Anne , Mboni Chileshe
Published: August 2023

Background: Early detection and treatment of eye diseases in children is critical in combating childhood blindness. Innovative community-based strategies such as training of teachers in vision screening need to be developed for effective utilisation of the available human resources as well as to counter the challenges of inequitable distribution of trained eye health human resourcesas well as the limited access of quality eye health care services to the majority of our population.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of using teachers as the first level of vision screeners.Materials and Methods: Teacher training programmes were conducted for schoolteachers to educate them about childhood eye diseases and the significance of their early detection. The teachers trained for the school vision screening were from all government, private and community schools located in Kafue District. The teachers then conducted vision screening of learners in their schools.Subsequently, the mobile eye health teams visited the schools for the re-evaluation of learners identified with poor vision. All learners identified with refractive errors had refraction performed on them and spectacles prescribed. The mobile eye health teams referred learners requiring a further ophthalmic evaluation to the University Teaching Hospitals – Eye Hospital which was the base hospital for the programme. The assessment included calculation of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives.Results: One hundred and fifty-four (154) teachers from 73 primary and secondary schools underwent training in vision screening. The teachers screened 18,713 learners and reported eye diseases in 2,818 (15.1%) children. However, the mobile eye health teams examined 5,958 learners who included 2,818 referrals from teachers and 3,140 rescreened learners. The mobile eye health teams confirmed eye problems in 2,818 learners screened by the teachers and further diagnosed more eye problems in 999 learners giving a total of 3,817 learners with eye problems. Thus, the teachers were able to correctly identify eye problems (true positives) in 100.0% (2,818/2,818) of learners. The teachers could not identify eye problems in 999 learners giving false negatives were 26.2% (999/3,817).Conclusion: Considering the high true positive value and the comprehensive coverage provided by the survey, vision screening in schools by teachers is an effective method of identifying learners with eye problems and poor vision early. This strategy could be valuable in reducing the workload of the eye health care staff.
A Survey of Medical Students' Experiences with Online Practical Pharmacology Classes during Covid19 Lockdown
Authors: Ezeala Christian Chinyere , Ezeala Mercy Okwudili , Akapelwa Tumelo Muyenga
Published: August 2023

Background: Due to Covid-19 restrictions, medical education now embraces online teaching. Aim: To determined medical students' perception of online pharmacology practical classes conducted during COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: Years 2 and 3 students participated in the study. Before the pandemic, they used the exercises for on-site classes. They used Cyber Patient, Organ bath, Virtual Cat, and Virtual Rat software to conduct pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, autonomic,  cardiovascular, and neuropharmacology exercises. Through Moodle, they received instructions and resources; and the tutors accessedand rated their reports. To determine their readiness and perception of the exercises, the study conducted a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire that included a demographic section, a section on ICT readiness, and a section on perception of the exercises. Statistical analysis included mean scores, t-test, Cronbach's coefficient, and principal components.Results: Sample size for both classes (total enrolment = 191) was 128. Seventy-eight students participated (45 from year 2 and 33 from year 3). Response rate was 60.94 %, mean age 21.7 (SD = 4.0); 74.4 % had no formal ICT training, 92.3 % had personal computers, 95 % used computers often, and 79.5 % required ICT training. Cronbach's coefficient was 0.8, and factor analysis yielded two principalcomponents that accounted for 54.5 % of the variance. The participants were “satisfied” with the exercises, reported that these  programs were “quite user-friendly,” “somewhat-easy” to use, and “supportive” of learning. They would “likely” recommend them for future use.Conclusion: The online exercises provided an effective method of delivering practical pharmacology classes to medical students.
Impact and challenges of consultancy role regarding the delivery of breast imaging services in the United Kingdom: consultant breast radiographers' perspective
Authors: Nachalwe Chipampe Mercy , Bwanga Osward
Published: August 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women worldwide. Imaging and radiographers play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. With the increase in demand and a shortage of radiologists in the UK, consultant breast radiographers were introduced to perform some roles previously performed by radiologists. However, there is a scarcity of researchto assist other countries, such as Zambia, who are planning to extend the role of radiographers.Objective: To explore the impact and challenges of the radiography consultancy role regarding the delivery of breast imaging services in the United Kingdom.Methods: The study was guided by a qualitative research design. The sample was purposively selected, and semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from consultant breast radiographers in the UK. Data saturation was reached after interviewing eight  participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and data analysed thematically.Results:Two themes were identified: the impact and challenges of the radiography consultancy role regarding the delivery of imaging breast services. The creation of consultant posts impacted positively on the service delivery: reduction in patient waiting times, career progression and job satisfaction, and reduction in the workload of radiologists. Participants also faced challenges: increased workload and time pressure, isolation and poor support from colleagues, and animosity from a few radiologists.Conclusion: It is evident that consultant breast radiographers have contributed greatly to improved healthcare delivery. However, consultant breast radiographers encounter challenges in their role as consultants. Radiographers undertaking new roles should be supported to improve the delivery of imaging services.
Genealogía del baño escolar
Authors: da Silva Lucila
Published: August 2023

En este libro se expone un estudio acerca de la emergencia de los baños escolares en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se analizan prácticas estatales, considerando que hasta el siglo XX no hubo una tipología definida para los edificios de escuelas públicas; y que los sanitarios emergieron a mediados del siglo XIX, pero se legislaron con detalle recién en 1942. Como consecuencia, se identifican y caracterizan prácticas estatales que tuvieron por objeto satisfacer un grupo de necesidades sociales inéditas, como fueron la educación común y el uso de los sanitarios.

Como resultado de esta investigación, se identificaron tres grandes “problemas” que atravesaron y definieron las prácticas estatales referidas a los baños de las escuelas primarias entre 1875 y 1905. Uno, vinculado a la inscripción de los sanitarios en el espacio escolar emergente. Otro, relacionado con algunas discontinuidades existentes entre las prescripciones del “higienismo” y las nociones de “higiene”, reflejado en la singularidad del vínculo higiene-sanitarios de ese entonces. Un tercer problema, vinculado a la segmentación de los espacios escolares en relación con la construcción sexo-generizada de los cuerpos.
Caracterización de cortes de perforación contaminados con diésel y su tratamiento
Authors: Romero Silva Roberto , Díaz Díaz Miguel Ángel , Chao Reyes Claudia , Martinez González Jennifer , Barrios San Martín Yaima
Published: August 2023

La introducción de nuevas formulaciones de fluidos de perforación en la extracción del crudo en Cuba, requiere contar con metodologías ambientales viables, de bajos costos y facilidades de manejo, para evitar el impacto negativo del almacenamiento de grandes cantidades de residuos peligrosos sin disposición final. El nivel de contaminación de los cortes de perforación impregnados con fluido, depende del tipo de lodo que se use y de las condiciones existentes en el lugar donde se encuentra el pozo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar los cortes de perforación contaminados con diésel y su tratamiento. Para determinar su composición se utilizaron métodos standards establecidos. Se realizó un proceso químico-biológico a escala de banco, mediante la utilización de sulfato de calcio y la aplicación de la biorremediación para el tratamiento de cortes de perforación contaminados con combustible diésel.  Adicionalmente se utilizó un producto a base de acondicionadores orgánicos con alta carga de nutrientes. Se lograron alcanzar niveles de concentración por debajo de la normativa de referencia. El tratamiento aplicado permitió alcanzar porcientos de remoción en el proceso de 68 % grasas y aceites y 71 % hidrocarburos totales, respectivamente.
Relationship between throwing distance, shoulder joint range of motion, and upper limb muscle strength in boccia athletes
Authors: Kataoka Masataka , Yahagi Kosuke , Sugano Hiro , Murakami Mitsuteru
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between throwing distance, shoulder joint range of motion and upper limb muscle strength in boccia athletes. Participants were eight boccia athletes (cerebral palsy, cervical spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscle atrophy) in whom throwing distance, ranges of motion at the shoulder joint, elbow joint and wrist joint and upper limb muscle strength were measured. Throwing distance was measured to the point where the ball landed so to remove any effect of the floor. Upper limb muscle strength was measured by isometric contraction using a handheld dynamometer. No correlation was found between throwing distance and range of motion of the shoulder joint, but correlations were found between throwing distance and strength of shoulder flexors (r = 0.76, p < .05), shoulder abductors (r = 0.84, p < .01), and elbow flexors (r = 0.77, p < .05). Active training to improve muscle strength around the shoulder joint, regardless of the underlying disease, was considered likely to lead to improvements in competitiveness. Due to the severe dysfunction of boccia athletes, training methods are often restricted. Verification of more effective training methods is needed while managing risks according to the physical function of the athlete and the type of disability.
analysis of the impact of pressure on performance among professional darts players
Authors: Przyborowski Tomasz
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to examine whether and to what extent increased levels of pressure affect the performance quality of the world’s top darts players. This investigation contributes to the understanding of the psychological factors that influence performance in professional darts and in professional sports overall. Data was collected from over sixty professional tournaments held over a period of two years. The players were divided into 5 groups based on the quality of their performance during the studied period. The point values were divided into 7 groups, where the criterion was the difficulty of finishing the leg at a given score. The level of pressure was primarily determined by the opponent’s score situation in a given moment. Data analysis using statistical methods such as tests of proportions and the Cochran-Armitage test did not indicate any statistically significant impacts of pressure on performance among professional players – neither positive nor negative. The results indicate a high level of mental resilience among professional darts players.
Influence of a long-term WB-EMS intervention on parameters of body composition and physical performance among individuals of different age decades between 19 and 81 years
Authors: Berger Joshua , Janowicz Elena , Ludwig Oliver , Weineck Markus , Kemmler Wolfgang , Fröhlich Michael
Published: August 2023

Lifelong fitness training plays an essential role in building and maintaining health. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is a time-efficient training method that could be used as an adequate training intervention for different persons due to the intensive, involuntary contraction of the musculature and the resulting increases in muscular performance. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate if WB-EMS has positive effects on body composition and physical performance parameters of individuals of different age decades. Subjects from age decades 20-80 years participated in a 24-week WB-EMS training intervention. PRE and POST diagnostics of trunk extension and flexion, knee extension and flexion, hand grip strength, skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat were performed on three consecutive days and the daily maximum values were summarized as the total mean value and were used for the descriptive data interpretation. Strength parameters were summarized in an unweighted additive index, the muscular change index (MCI). Regarding the results obtained by using the MCI, remarkable increases were observed in participants from all decades (20: +12.02%; 30: +6.59%; 40: +6.85%; 50: +3.96%; 60: +10.95%; 70: +20.26%; 80: +20.86%). Therefore, WB-EMS seems to be a time-efficient and adequate form of training that can be conducted to enhance muscular performance at different ages.
influence of a COVID-19 induced reduction in game time on the match activity profiles of elite Australian Rules Football players
Authors: Janetzki Samuel J. , Bellenger Clint R. , Natera Alex O. , Poulos Nick , Harmer Ellise M. W. , Bourdon Pitre C.
Published: August 2023

Assess the influence of a 20% reduction in game time on the volume and intensity of elite AF players’ match activity profiles. GPS technology was used to analyse the movement demands of 45 AF players from the same AFL club during 43 matches across the 2019 and 2020 seasons. GPS data were categorised into measures of volume (total match time [TMT] and total distance [TD]) and intensity (metres per minute [m.min-1], high-intensity running [HIR] distance and m.min-1 [>17 km·h-1], and very-high intensity running [VHIR] distance and m.min-1 [>23 km·h-1]). Volume decreased in 2020 with reductions in TMT (effect size [ES] ± 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.8 ± 0.2; p < .001) and TD (ES = -1.8 ± 0.2; p < .001) overall, across all positional groups, and quarters. Intensity increased, evidenced by increases in HIR m.min-1 (ES = 0.3 ± 0.1; p < .001), and VHIR m.min-1 (ES = 0.3 ± 0.2; p = .006). HIR m.min-1 increased for midfielders (ES = 0.6 ± 0.3; p = .017). Defenders exhibited increases in HIR m.min-1 (ES = 0.2 ± 0.2; p = .007), and VHIR m.min-1 (ES = 0.4 ± 0.2; p = .010). Intensity of third quarters decreased at a greater rate in 2020 with reductions in m.min-1 (ES = -0.2 ± 0.1; p = .004) and HIR m.min-1 (ES = -0.2 ± 0.1; p = .037) compared to Q1. Systematic reductions in volume were found overall, across positional groups, and quarters. Average movement speed remained relatively stable overall, across quarters and positional groups. Increases in intensity were defined predominately by increases at high and very-high intensity speeds per minute, with defenders exhibiting the greatest increase in intensity and change to their match activity profiles. Longer quarter and three-quarter time breaks, and time between goals preserved intensity.
Personalização do ensino: aprendizagem significativa potencializada pelo ensino adaptativo
Authors: Aires João Paulo , Aires Simone Bello Kaminski
Published: August 2023

O ensino adaptativo é uma abordagem educacional que se aproveita das vastas quantidades de informações disponíveis online através de portais, redes sociais e aplicativos móveis. A principal característica desse ensino é a utilização de algoritmos inteligentes que sugerem a forma mais eficaz de aprendizagem para cada aluno. O ambiente de ensino, oferece conteúdos variados, como textos, vídeos, atividades interativas e outros recursos, de acordo com a maneira que o aluno tende a aprender melhor. A inteligência computacional por trás das plataformas adaptativas permite que elas analisem grandes volumes de dados e sugiram formas mais eficientes de aprendizado do que as aulas expositivas convencionais. A aprendizagem significativa se baseia na conexão dos novos conhecimentos com as experiências prévias do aluno, promovendo um aprendizado mais relevante e duradouro. A abordagem adaptativa exige infraestrutura adequada, professores preparados para orientar os alunos nesse novo formato e participação ativa dos estudantes para que a plataforma aprenda sobre suas necessidades e interesses ao longo do tempo. A combinação desses elementos cria um ambiente educacional dinâmico e engajador, no qual os alunos podem explorar conteúdos relevantes e adaptados às suas características individuais. Em resumo, o ensino adaptativo é uma abordagem inovadora que utiliza a tecnologia e a inteligência computacional para personalizar o ensino de acordo com as necessidades e preferências de cada aluno. Quando combinado com a aprendizagem significativa, ele promove uma educação mais eficiente, personalizada e alinhada com os interesses e habilidades de cada estudante, preparando-os de maneira mais eficaz para os desafios do mundo contemporâneo.
Inside the North American tragedy: the exploitation of Mexican and Brazilian migrant children in American tobacco farming
Authors: Conde Soraya Franzoni
Published: August 2023

This study aims to reflect on the situation and exploitation of migrant Latino children in the United States of America, especially in the production of North American tobacco. It is the result of postdoctoral research carried out between 2020 and 2021 at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). We conducted online analyses, research, interviews, and field research with data collection on farms in Virginia and North Carolina. Data analysis was performed using content analysis (Bardin, 1977) and Marxist theory on the relationship between the current reality and the Marxist system totality. The results of this study pushed academic boundaries given the current situation of migrant children in the US, which reflects a contemporary form of colonialism and the capitalistic tragedy of working-class children. In line with Meszaros (2009) and Stetsenko (2016), we defend the need for taking a radical and daring approach to engaged research with a view toward denouncing and changing the situation of exploitation of migrant children (and entire families) in the US. If reality is in a state of constant movement and transformation, the direction of change depends on our practical-theoretical engagements toward substantial human emancipation.
Reflections of COVID-19 virus on early childhood drawings
Authors: Akça Raziye Pekşen , Arslan Rukiye , Aydodu Fatih
Published: August 2023

This research is aimed to investigate the COVID-19 virus reflections in the drawings by children in early childhood. The research was conducted with 30 (K15, E=15) children who volunteered to participate in the study from Batman provincial center in the academic year 2022-2023. In the research, the working group was determined according to the sampling criterion. In this regard, the criteria of "being in early childhood", "residing in Batman province", and "volunteering to participate in the study" were formed and taken into account in the research. In the research, the children were asked "What does the COVID-19 virus look like to you, can you draw a picture of it for me?", the picture was drawn by giving the instruction, and the data were collected by taking the story of the picture in the question. The obtained data were analyzed using QSR NVivo 10 computer program, which is suitable for qualitative data analysis. Descriptive analysis technique was used in the analyses. As a result, it has been seen that fear and anxiety are included in the children's pictures, they place public spots such as wearing masks and social distancing. Realism is included in the picture, the virus is depicted in red and green colours, but in shape it is the same in all children's pictures, which shows that this situation is also active in the isolation process of the press media.
Selected flexural and hygroscopic properties of waste wood dust - polylactic acid biocomposite for 3D printing.
Authors: Jasiński Wojciech , Szymanowski Karol
Published: August 2023

Chosen flexural and hygroscopic properties of waste wood dust - polylactic acid biocomposite for 3D printing. The study shows chosen flexural and hygroscopic properties of PLA-waste wood dust biocomposite intended for use in 3D printing. Materials were mixed in 3 variants, differentiated by weight content of waste wood dust – 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% and extruded in a two-stage process using an extruder of original design. Variant without waste wood dusts was prepared as well. That filaments were then used to create samples using a 3D printer. For the printed samples chosen properties were tested i.e. MOE, MOR, water absorption and thickness swelling.It was found that waste wood dust does not significantly affect MOR and MOE. It was shown that it’s content negatively impacts the water absorption and thickness swelling. It was demonstrated that the tested material can successfully be used in 3D printing.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL EM DECORRÊNCIA DE ATOS ILÍCITOS COMETIDOS POR TORCIDAS ORGANIZADAS
Authors: Alves Fabrício Germano , Sousa Pedro Henrique da Mata Rodrigues , De Paiva Matheus Teixeira
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo tem como escopo identificar e definir a responsabilidade das torcidas organizadas por atos ilícitos cometidos no âmbito de eventos esportivos. Busca-se evidenciar a importância da legislação esportiva quanto à responsabilização das torcidas organizadas e dos entes promotores dos eventos esportivos. Tem como base metodológica a análise das leis brasileiras, bem como de análise bibliográfica sobre o tema definido. Infere-se, portanto, que a legislação brasileira aponta para os agentes das relações esportivas uma responsabilização solidária e objetiva com relação aos ilícitos cometidos.
Diversity and uses of ethno-medicinal plants associated with traditional agroforestry systems in Kumaun Himalaya
Authors: PARIHAAR RAJENDRA S , BARGALI KIRAN , BARGALI SURENDRA S
Published: August 2023

Uttarakhand state is bestowed with great diversity of medicinally important plants which are used frequently by the local people/inhabitants to cure various ailments in their daily life. Traditional agroforestry is a common land use pattern in Uttarakhand which supports various indigenous medicinal plants. The present study provides comprehensive information on the diversity and utilization of medicinally important plants in existing traditional agroforestry systems. The information was gathered using semi-structured questionnaires about the types of ailments treated by the traditional use of medicinal plants, preparation of herbal medicine and formulations. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 38 families and 63 different genera, were reported from agroforestry systems of this region. The families; Rosaceae, Asteraceae, and Verbenaceae were represented by more than 3 species each and dominated the floral composition while remaining 35 families were represented by single species. Different plant parts such as roots/rhizomes/bulbs, leaves, bark, fruits, seeds, flowers, stem and whole plant were used for the treatment of various diseases.
Inheritance of seedling heat tolerance and maturity traits in diallel F1 hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: YADAV ASHOK KUMAR , NARWAL M S , ARYA RAJESH KUMAR
Published: August 2023

A half-diallel mating system involving ten parents was used in the present study to determine the nature of gene action and genetic parameters in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. The Vr–Wr graph indicated over dominance for emergence rate, number of leaves/seedling, seedling height, fresh weight/seedling, dry weight/seedling, panicle emergence, number of effective tillers/plant, plant height, ear weight/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, grain yield/plant and total biological yield/plant. Partial dominance was observed for seedling thermo-tolerance index and ear length. The epistasis was found to be absent for emergence rate, seedling thermo-tolerance index, seed to seedling thermo-tolerance index, ear length, seedling height and plant height. The additive component of variance (D) had a significant presence for STI and SSTI in both the stress environments. The effect of over dominance was also reflected by higher degree of overall dominance effect (h2) for both these characters. The h2 component was significant for germination, emergence rate, number of leaves/seedling, seedling height, fresh weight/seedling, dry weight/seedling, panicle emergence, number of effective tillers/plant, plant height, ear length, ear weight/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, grain yield/plant and total biological yield/plant in all the three environments, while, for the remaining characters and environments it was non-significant. The inter relationship of the H1 and H2 parameters is reflected in the allied genetic parameter H2/4H1 index that estimates the proportion of genes with positive/negative effects, showing dominance in the parents. The value of this index was less than the expected values of 0.25 for all the characters in all the three environments indicating the asymmetrical distribution of dominant genes having positive and negative effects in parents. The ratio h2/H2 denotes the number of gene groups exhibiting dominance. The value of this ratio indicated one group of genes for STI, SSTI, germination, and number of effective tillers/plant. The character panicle emergence indicated two gene groups exhibiting dominance. Three gene groups were shown by the characters, i.e. seedling height, fresh weight/seedling and dry weight/seedling. The characters, ear weight/plant (stress environments), dry fodder yield/plant and grain yield/plant (stress environments) exhibited four gene groups. Five gene groups were exhibited by the characters, namely, plant height, ear length and total biological yield/plant.
Stability for grain yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: MEENA H S , KUMAR DINESH , SRIVASTAVA T K , PRASAD S RAJENDRA
Published: August 2023

In a study set of forty seven genotypes of common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Fiori & Paol) were evaluated over four years during 2007-08 to 2010-11 to assess the stability of these genotypes for yield and its contributing traits over years and environments. Analysis of variance of stability with respect to 12 traits revealed highly significant variance due to environment for all traits which indicated differential effect of different seasons. The variance for genotypic effect was highly significant for all traits indicating thereby differential response of all the genotypes. Genotype×environment (linear) interaction was also significant for flag leaf length, flag leaf width, peduncle length, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight indicating substantial amount of predictable G×E interaction. Environmental indices indicated that performance of genotypes over four environments varied apparently and environment E2 showed highest favourable impact on grain yield. Varieties K 9107, UP 2382 and PBW 443 were found to be stable across the environments for grain yield and NW 1076 was the highest yielding stable variety in which superior yield was resulted from high mean values of six contributing traits, while variety LOK 1 was the only variety showed stable performance for all 12 traits. The stability of different yield contributing traits varied in compensating manner in different genotypes imparted grain yield stability. The varieties HD 2824, UP 2382, NW 1076, DBW 16, DBW 39, GW 173, HUW 234, NIAW 917, LOK 1, HD 2851 and PBW 154 have shown higher mean values, desirable regression coefficient and non-significant deviation from the regression coefficient for yield and its contributing traits. Based on stability parameters these varieties can be considered as stable performers and may be utilized for hybridization programmes to improve wheat yields.
Land use changes and their impact on properties of some soil series of Nagpur district of maharashtra
Authors: KHAMBALKAR PRIYADARSHANI ARUN , K SEN T , S CHATTERJI , V VENUGOPALAN M
Published: August 2023

Six soil series of Nagpur district, Maharashtra were studied to detect land use changes, their causes over a period of nine years and impact on soil properties. Introduction and spread of soybean, irrigation availability through various sources facilitate double cropping in Manori, Kinhala, Takali, Palora and Bahadura series except Hatodi series having triple cropping (rice-wheat-rice or rice-rice-rice) with short duration rice verities and provide assured income to farmers and caused the land use changes. The soil morphological properties indicate few variation and showing reduced color value of Ap horizon in Manori series to 3 from 4 whereas in Kinhala and Takali series reduced to 2 from 3 and in Hatodi series sub-surface horizon transformed from brown to dark brown. Impact of land use change on bulk density (BD) of Manori, Kinhala and Takali series recorded slight changes over the earlier status (year 1999) whereas, Hatodi series recorded highest value for surface 1.87 Mg/m3 followed by subsurface 1.93 Mg/m3 (year 2008). The soil pH showed slight changes and increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) at surface and subsurface under all soil series except Hatodi series over initial status. Increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC), percent base saturation (BS %) and exchangeable bases such as Ca and Mg were recorded under all series with few exceptions. Soils of examined series were rich in available nutrients especially potassium and nitrogen while Hatodi series showed poor value of available potassium over other soil series. Strikingly, it is observed that fine nodules of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at surface and subsurface soils of all pedons except Hatodi series, interestingly presence of CaCO3 in these soils except Bahadura series was not reported earlier.
Evaluation of pre-emergence herbicides in gladiolus (Gladiolus)
Authors: KADAM GANESH B , KUMAR GUNJEET , TARAKNATHSAHA  , KUMAR RAKESH , TIWARI AJAI KUMAR , KUMAR RAMESH
Published: August 2023

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different herbicides on weed control and growth and development of gladiolus (Gladiolus (Tourn) L.) cv. White Prosperity grown at research farm of Directorate of Floricultural Research, New Delhi during 2011-12 and 2012-13 seasons. The major weeds infesting the experimental field were Ageratum conyzoides, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Cyprus rotundas, Digera arvensis, Digitaria adscendance, Euphobia hirta, Parthenium hysterophorus and Portulaca. The unweeded control plots recorded maximum weeds at 25 (153.2 m2) and 50 (180.7/m2) days after planting (DAP). Whereas significantly low weed count, fresh weight and dry weight were recorded in the pre-emergence application of Atrazine (@ 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i./ha. The maximum weed control efficiency (WCE) was recorded in Atrazine (@ 1.5 kg a.i./ha (82.2)). However, pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin (1.0 and 0.75 kg a.i./ha) had superior effect on the plant height, spike length, rachis length and number of florets. The number of corms/plant, fresh weight of corms and diameter of corms were maximum with application of Atrazine (@ 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i./ha) however, number of cormels were found maximum (28.6) in Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha and lowest (2.4) in Atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha.
Streptococcus Spp. Isolated Subclinical Mastitis and Its Effect on Public Health
Authors: KEYVAN Nilay
Published: August 2023

The high protein content of milk makes it a crucial component of human nutrition. The mammary tissue of dairy cattle is seriously harmed by the severe disease known as mastitis. Mastitis is a widespread and economically significant infectious disease that affects dairy cows globally. One of the most frequent causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and one of the most frequent indications for antibiotic therapy is Streptococcus spp. The purpose of the study was to investigate into the presence of Streptococcus spp. isolates in subclinical mastitis bovine milk. The presence of subclinical mastitis was investigated in 77 dairy animals. After the evaluation, 32 (41.5%) dairy animals showed positive results. Streptococcus spp. was detected in nine isolates (19.50%). As a result, it has been demonstrated that Streptococcus spp. still plays a significant role in the etiology of subclinical mastitis. This has the potential to present an important concern for public health.
An Evaluation of the Benefits of the use of Flexible and Non- Flexible Plastic Materials among Agro-Enterprise Owners in the Calabar Agricultural Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Etim Ofem Usang , Effiong John Ben
Published: August 2023

This study evaluates the benefits of the use of flexible and non-flexible plastic materials among agro-enterprise owners in the Calabar Agricultural Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria The objectives of the study were to ascertain the benefits of the use of flexible plastic products by agro-firm owners in the study area, and to assess the benefits of the use of non-flexible plastic products by agro-firm owners in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data was through a structured questionnaire while secondary data was gotten from the Cross River State Ministry of Agricultural. A total of 153 respondents were surveyed. The population of the study included farmers who operates selected agro-enterprises in the study area. Findings revealed that the use of plastic in various agro-firms/enterprises is not hazardous to their produce. Also indicated is that; the use of non-flexible plastic products improves the efficiency of their market, storage, movement of produce, retailing in smaller units, value addition, the physical condition of produce, among others. This study recommends that the production of plastic materials for agricultural use be void of toxic chemical and branded “Agricultural Plastic” and that small scale enterprises of any sought should be encouraged to utilize the benefits of plastic materials to enhance their business start-ups, rather than going for plastic alternatives which may be very expensive.
Improving Chemistry Students’ Achievement and Retention in Chemical Kinetics Using Blended Learning Strategy in Jos -Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Gongden Ephraim Joel
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the effect of rotation blended learning in improving chemistry students’ achievement and retention in chemical kinetics in secondary schools in Jos - Plateau state, Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design and five research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A sample of 32 students were purposively selected for the study from two co-educational schools within the study area and randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. The instrument for data collection was a 30 multiple choice test called Chemical Kinetics Achievement Test, CKAT (r = 0.83). The CKAT was administered to students as pretest, posttest and retention test. The data obtained were analyzed using t-test statistical tool of analysis. The results indicated that blended learning increased the students’ achievement in chemical kinetics. There was a significant difference between the posttest achievement scores of students taught with lecture and those taught with rotation blended learning strategy. The study also revealed that blended learning strategy increased the retention of chemistry by the students in the experiment group than those in the lecture group. The study recommended among others that students should be exposed to computer–based blended learning strategy in order to improve their achievement and aid their retention of chemistry concepts. Students should be exposed early to the use and operation of the computer especially for online learning purposes
Contribution of Urban Agriculture to the Livelihood of Urban Dwellers in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Olufemi Okunola Solomon , Folayimi Olapade Ogunwole
Published: August 2023

The study focused on the contribution of urban agriculture to the livelihood of 107 respondents in Kwara State of Nigeria. The study employed structured questionnaire to collect relevant data for the study while descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentage were employed to analyses the objectives. Most respondents (82.9%), were one time or the other in a married state and they had formal education (80.4%) while many of the lot (58.9%) had superior education ranging from OND to Ph.D level. These farmers were either retired government workers or those trying to argument their family income or trying to be food sufficient. Most of the respondents (77.4%) had a farm size of less than or equal to 3 hectares showing that most the urban farmers were smallholders which might be as a result of stiff completion for land resource. Most of the respondents had a relatively large family size of 6 and above members. Most respondents used family labor (59.8%). Respondents in the study area also made use of the cooperatives and daily contributions for loanable funds, while few respondents utilized the formal sector. .Urban agriculture accounted for 84.4% of the Livelihood outcomes of the respondents. While non-farming activities contributed 17.6%.Most of the respondents (31.8%) participated in non-farming activities to generate extra income while their major constraints were shortage of land both in term of access and tenure (34.1%), limited access to resource and agricultural inputs (29.3%), and prohibitive urban policies and regulation (23.2%).
Guia de aulas de campo: um processo de construção
Authors: Ranzula Gilson Pedro , Alves Ranzula Luciana
Published: August 2023

A realização de aulas de campo é de suma importância para o discente aprimorar o que tem compreendido na disciplina, construindo por meio da prática os conhecimentos necessários para a formação de suas perspectivas científicas e cidadãs. Ressaltado por autores como Villela e Ferreira (2017), Saito et al (2008) e Seniciato e Cavasan (2004), as aulas de campo são importantes por levarem os estudantes à aprendizagens com significado, ao passo que ampliam as trocas entre o ambiente, o educador e o educando. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe a exposição de um processo de formulação de um guia de aulas de campo, tendo como sustentação os princípios teóricos alcançados com a revisão bibliográfica. Neste sentido, procurou-se, por meio da essência dos argumentos dos autores que se debruçam sobre a temática, formular um caminho propositivo para possíveis realizações de aulas de campo na região do Vale do Guaporé, nos municípios de Pontes e Lacerda-MT e Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade-MT, tendo como ponto de apoio/partida para o desenvolvimento do trabalho o Campus Pontes e Lacerda - Fronteira Oeste, localizado na Rodovia MT-473, entroncamento com a rodovia BR-174B, SN, Zona Rural, distante 450 km da capital Cuiabá.
O protagonismo da interdisciplinaridade na desconstrução do conhecimento hegemônico em saúde
Authors: Barros Valquiria
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma breve discussão interdisciplinar sobre a revitalização do conhecimento tradicional feito pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) no planejamento de políticas públicas de atenção primária à saúde. As normativas da organização introduziram a perspectiva tradicional como viés para a construção de um conhecimento situado e compartilhado sobre saúde e centrado nas necessidades dos sujeitos e de suas particularidades, em colaboração com o conhecimento cientificamente legitimado. Metodologicamente, as discussões desta proposta fundamentaram-se na análise documental das normativas da OMS à luz da literatura crítica sobre a institucionalização da hegemonia do modelo biomédico de atenção à saúde em detrimento dos saberes tradicionais e complexos não oficiais. Os resultados da investigação apontaram que a cooptação das medicinas tradicionais pelos sistemas nacionais e internacionais de cuidados primários como alternativa à contenção dos agravos à saúde parece estar associada a crescente insatisfação com o modelo biomédico hegemônico e dominante.