bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jogos, patrimônio cultural e ensino de história
Authors: Gil Carmem Zeli de Vargas , Werle Bibiana
Published: December 2016

A partir de dois jogos criados durante a disciplina de Estágio de Docência em História III – Educação Patrimonial realizada na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, propomos neste artigo a reflexão em torno da utilização dos mesmos por professores do ensino básico ao abordarem as questões que envolvem o tema do patrimônio cultural. Sendo o patrimônio, segundo Hartog (2014), uma das palavras mestras na compreensão de nossa relação estreita com o presentismo, situamos a utilização dos jogos como possíveis desencadeadores da discussão que problematiza a relação entre patrimônio cultural e memória na contemporaneidade, assim como ferramentas didáticas que, apesar de não serem predominantes no ensino de história, proporcionam a gestação de conceitos históricos, na passagem do não saber ao saber (PEREIRA; GIACOMONI, 2013).
Educação Física, formação inicial de professores e o mercado de trabalho
Authors: Metzner Andreia Cristina
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivos verificar a opinião de estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Educação Física em relação aos conhecimentos adquiridos durante a formação inicial e o seu desempenho profissional, bem como, as suas expectativas em relação ao mercado de trabalho. Participaram desse estudo 31 alunos do último ano do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física. Os resultados indicam que os conhecimentos relacionados a didática e as diferentes metodologias de ensino são os mais importantes para a formação inicial do futuro professor de Educação Física e que as principais expectativas em relação ao mercado de trabalho envolvem a aprovação em concurso público e atuação na Educação Básica.
Formação de professores na perspectiva freireana: dizer o mundo e aprender/ensinar o mundo
Authors: Pin Silvana Aparecida , Nogaro Arnaldo , Weyh Cênio Back
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a formação de professores a partir do pensamento de Freire a fim de perceber indicativos que levem o educador a desenvolver uma educação libertadora através da práxis transformadora. A pesquisa realizada foi de caráter bibliográfico. Destaca-se a educação dialógica e a práxis social como desafios permanentes ao educador que deseja colaborar para uma transformação do mundo a partir de sua prática pedagógica. O algo a mais que o professor precisa para uma metodologia que seja excelente é sua própria libertação e seu trabalho na libertação de seus educandos. Para isso, ele conta com o poder da palavra, não apenas a palavra falada, mas a que se pode usar de muitas formas, como instrumento essencial no ensino/aprendizagem para dizer e transformar o mundo.
A literatura menor em Deleuze e Guattari: por uma educação menor
Authors: Rosa Francis Mary Soares Correia da
Published: December 2016

Trata-se de uma investigação sobre o conceito deleuze-guattariano de literatura menor e suas implicâncias na esfera educacional brasileira elaborados na obra do filósofo brasileiro Silvio Gallo. Para Gallo, deslocar as características da literatura menor para o campo educacional significa uma reelaboração da própria atividade docente ao lançar na questão da prática diária do professor e com a própria instituição escolar uma atividade iminentemente política. De acordo com Gallo este é o alicerce da prática de uma educação menor que está em contraponto direto ao que poderia ser caracterizado como uma educação maior, cujo campo de constituição ocorreria nos tramites estatais, das políticas públicas da educação e dos ordenamentos e dispositivos curriculares. Espera-se nesse artigo rastrear as possibilidades e deslocamentos que tal conceito promove na prática educativa.
Formação pedagógica em cursos de licenciatura: um estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Mardem Michael Ferreira da , Costa Mayra Cristina da Silva , Almeida Camila Lopes , Silva Dienny Sthefany da , Lobato Pamela Carvalho , Resende Helder Canto
Published: December 2016

Na preparação para a docência em cursos de Licenciatura, a Formação Pedagógica é um componente primordial. No entanto, historicamente, essa formação é quase silenciada em relação à formação para a Área Disciplinar. Entendendo a importância da formação para a docência esse estudo teve como objetivo compreender as formas de organização da Formação pedagógica no curso de Ciências Biológicas do campus Florestal da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Além da análise do Projeto Pedagógico de curso e da matriz curricular, foi realizada uma investigação, por meio da aplicação de questionários aos egressos do curso. Os resultados mostraram que a formação docente não é a missão primeira do curso e que as disciplinas de formação pedagógica são insuficientes para garantir a formação sólida que o professor precisa para atuar em sala de aula.
Evaluation of a career counselling program focused on Greek elementary school children's career interests
Authors: Antonellou Polyxeni , Kounenou Kalliope
Published: December 2016

Although childhood is the most significant period in one's career development process, little research attention has been paid to the evaluation of career counselling intervention programs in elementary-aged children. An intervention study was carried out in order to evaluate a career counselling program implemented in one Greek elementary school which focused on the enrichment of the children's career interests. The research methodology used was the quasi experimental research design. Children (N = 84) aged 8-11 years were distributed in experimental and control groups. Τhe impact of the intervention focused on the enrichment of their career interests, which was assessed via semi-structured interviews and use of drawings. The results showed a statistical significant difference between groups concerning children's career interests after intervention, while the analysis of drawings revealed more differences in self-confidence, self- esteem and extraversion in favour of the children that participated in the experimental group. Gender and age differences were also explored and revealed. The results are discussed in relation to various aspects of children's career development, as well as to the significance of career counselling intervention programs.
Substance abuse prevention among Greek emerging adults: Evaluation of a psycho-educational counselling intervention
Authors: Loizou Dorothea , Stogiannidou Ariadni
Published: December 2016

The present study investigated the effect of a preventive substance abuse counselling intervention on Greek emerging adults (18-28 years old). It‘s main purpose was to examine changes in emerging adults’ views, knowledge about substances and their group skills after their participation in the intervention; it also examined their perceptions about the group climate created as well as their evaluation of the intervention. The interactive intervention, lasting 30 hours, consisted of topics such as: emerging adulthood, addiction, causes and consequences of substance abuse, prevention and some training on personal and social skills related to substance abuse. Pre and post intervention measurements explored these changes in a sample of 75 University students (38 in the intervention and 37 in the control group). Students in the intervention group reported high levels in the scale of engagement and lower levels in the scales of conflict and avoidance. Their evaluation of the intervention programme overall was very positive. Additionally, results showed that emerging adults’ views about substances changed positively after the intervention. In terms of how much they learned about substances, the results revealed a significantly important change after the intervention, whereas at the same time, members’ group skills improved. It is concluded that such interventions have an impact on emerging adults’ views and knowledge about substances, a fact which reinforces the need for research-based interventions.
Interpersonal nurse-patient relationship with a young schizophrenic pregnant woman
Authors: Marques de Oliveira Renata , Furegato Antonia Regina Ferreira
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate elements of the personal and psychiatric history, as well as the challenges related to motherhood, of a young schizophrenic female, through person-centered therapeutic interaction. The investigation had an exploratory scope, undertaken in a teaching hospital and data were collected during nondirective interaction on the part of the nurse with a young schizophrenic woman who had been treated in the institution for 10 years. Thematic analysis of the content was undertaken, with emphasis on the nuclei of meaning, identification of the themes and definition of the categories. The patient, called L. in this study, was 30 years old, had a two-year-old child and was three months pregnant when data were collected. Her trajectory was characterized by doubts, fears and uncertainties. The episodes of hospitalization, the coexistence with other patients, and the medications promoted insight into the symptoms, and acceptance of the diagnosis. The main challenge was experiencing pregnancy and the puerperium concomitantly with the psychiatric treatment. The interpersonal relationship established evidenced that, the young woman felling understood and that her needs were attended, overcame several difficulties she had reported and felt fulfilled and integrated into her social environment.
Emotional availability and social skills: A link between mother-child depressive symptoms
Authors: Curran Timothy
Published: December 2016

This research examined the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms from mothers to their adult children through two succeeding mediators: a child’s perception of emotional availability from their mothers, and a child’s social skills. To do so, this study integrated principles from the integrative model of risk from depressed mother to offspring, attachment theory, and the social skills deficit theory of depression. Child reports of depressive symptoms, perceived emotional availability from mothers, and social skills were assessed as well as mother reports of depressive symptoms from 224 (N = 448) mother-child dyads. Results showed that maternal depressive symptoms were significantly related to child perceptions of emotional availability. Moreover, emotional availability was positively related to child social skills, which in turn was negatively related to child depressive symptoms. Additionally, the indirect effect from maternal depressive symptoms to child depressive symptoms through the mediators was significant. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
An investigation of demographic correlates of the Celebrity Attitude Scale
Authors: McCutcheon Lynn , Aruguete Mara S. , Jenkins William , McCarley Nancy , Yockey Ronald
Published: December 2016

The Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) has been widely used in the last 15 years, but little is known about how ethnicity and socioeconomic status relate to scores on this scale. In the first of two studies, we showed that a sample of African-American college students had more favorable attitudes toward their favorite celebrities than a sample of White college students. However, there was no control for the possibility that the two samples were unequal with respect to socioeconomic status. The second study controlled for that possibility, and added samples of Hispanic and Asian college students. Results showed that African-American participants again had more favorable attitudes toward their favorite celebrities than Whites did, with Hispanic and Asian-American participants falling in between the two extremes. Socioeconomic status was unrelated to CAS scores. African-Americans tended to select African-American celebrities as their favorites, and Whites tended to choose Whites, with Hispanic and Asian-Americans showing no ethnic preferences. Strength of identification with one’s ethnic group was unrelated to ethnic concordance in choosing a favorite celebrity, but strength of identification with one’s ethnic group decreased as favorable attitudes toward one’s favorite celebrity increased. We discussed why African-American participants might report more attachment to their favorite celebrities than White participants.
Anmeldelse af Thomas Hestbæk Andersen og Alexandra Møller Holsting: Teksten i grammatikken
Authors: Jakobsen Lisbeth Falster
Published: December 2016

Anmeldelse af Thomas Hestbæk Andersen og Alexandra Emilie Møller Holsting: Teksten i Grammatikken. 2015. Syddansk Universitetsforlag. 438 sider.
Les Lumières et la part d’ombre de la raison pure
Authors: Sabourin Charlotte
Published: December 2016

Cet article vise à souligner l’importance du rôle joué par la conception kantienne des Lumières dans la Critique de la raison pure. On verra en effet que la connaissance de soi au coeur du projet critique gagne à être comprise en relation avec l’idée de penser par soi-même. Cette connaissance de soi dévoile cependant certaines erreurs tenaces commises par la raison, qui doivent précisément être rectifiées sous peine de compromettre la liberté de penser. La conception kantienne des Lumières nous permettra ainsi de faire sens de la nature réflexive de l’entreprise critique.
À quelles conditions une philosophie « quasi-transcendantale » est-elle possible ?
Authors: Tinland Olivier
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article, je me propose de clarifier la manière dont Jürgen Habermas utilise le terme « quasi-transcendantal » dans l’ensemble de son oeuvre. Examinant successivement le projet épistémologique de Connaissance et intérêt, l’élaboration de l’« éthique de la discussion » et le « tournant pragmatiste » des dernières oeuvres, j’entends montrer que Habermas, loin d’abandonner une telle manière ambiguë (voire contradictoire) de réactualiser le projet kantien, a tenté, tout au long de son évolution philosophique, de trouver une formulation cohérente de la tension entre la contingence empirique des contextes sociaux de la vie humaine et la nécessité contrefactuelle des prétentions universelles à la vérité et à la validité normative.
Critique et réflexion
Authors: Fischbach Franck
Published: December 2016

Le concept de réflexion joue un rôle clé dans la constitution de la théorie critique dès les premiers textes de Horkheimer dans les années 30. Mais la théorie critique n’a pas le monopole de la réflexion et la théorie traditionnelle la met également en oeuvre : c’est donc qu’il y a une spécificité de la réflexion engagée par la théorie critique. Au fil d’une enquête qui va de Horkheimer à Habermas, le présent article tente de localiser cette spécificité dans la particularité d’une expérience qui conduit à la réflexion, à l’adoption de l’attitude critique et ouvre l’horizon de l’émancipation.
Le système comme point de vue de la réflexivité philosophique
Authors: Landenne Quentin
Published: December 2016

Le problème du système comme mode de construction de la pensée philosophique a trouvé dans la période de l’Idéalisme allemand l’un de ses points culminants dans l’histoire de la philosophie. Loin de se limiter à une question extrinsèque portant sur le choix d’une forme d’exposition qui resterait relativement indifférente au contenu de la doctrine elle-même, l’adoption ou le rejet de tel ou tel type de systématicité implique des décisions conceptuelles importantes touchant à des problèmes philosophiques qui sont au coeur des discussions de l’époque. C’est notamment la question de la complétude du système et de son rapport à une éventuelle extériorité qui sont mis en jeu dans ces discussions. Parmi les acteurs de cette controverse, Jacobi, Fichte et Hegel se sont ainsi affrontés, directement ou indirectement, sur la question spécifique du rapport entre système et vie, d’une part, entre système et absolu, d’autre part. Alors que Jacobi reproche à Fichte d’absorber la vie dans son système mortifiant et nihiliste et que Hegel dénonce au contraire dans la Doctrine de la science l’incomplétude d’un système incapable de combler l’écart entre savoir et vie, pour Fichte, l’unité différenciée de la vie et du système, posés comme points de vue de la réflexivité philosophique, rend possible un système qui, quoique accompli en lui-même, n’abolit pas son extériorité constitutive et son ouverture à la vie.
Possibilité, possibilisation et réflexion de la réflexion
Authors: Schnell Alexander
Published: December 2016

La position défendue dans cette contribution consiste à montrer que la compréhension de la phénoménologie comme philosophie transcendantale implique le recours à la philosophie allemande classique. L’auteur étudie, à ce dessein, une perspective d’abord gnoséologique puis ontologique, commandées sur différents registres par les concepts d’« intuition », de « construction » et de « possibilisation » (selon une première acception). Dans un troisième moment, il établit comment, dans une perspective tirant les conclusions « métaphysiques » de ces élaborations phénoménologiques, ces deux volets peuvent être envisagés dans un projet unitaire où la « possibilisation » est conçue comme une « réflexion de la réflexion ».
L’hypothèse d’une causalité sans lois
Authors: Dolbeault Joël
Published: December 2016

D’abord, nous expliquons comment Bergson caractérise la liberté, et pourquoi celle-ci s’oppose à la fois au déterminisme et au hasard. Ensuite, nous montrons que la théorie bergsonienne de la liberté repose principalement sur l’idée que les états psychiques ne sont pas les occurrences de certains types, ce qui conduit à penser que leur apparition n’est pas gouvernée par l’action de lois. L’acte libre est causé par un sujet empirique, mais cette causalité n’est pas gouvernée par des lois. Puis, nous soulignons l’originalité de cette théorie, notamment le fait qu’elle rejette le principe des possibilités alternatives, défendu par la plupart des libertariens actuels. À la fin de l’article, nous examinons plusieurs objections possibles contre cette théorie, en particulier l’objection inspirée par les expériences de Libet, ainsi que les réponses possibles.
Habermas, lecteur de J. L. Austin
Authors: Roman Sébastien
Published: December 2016

Dans la Théorie de l’agir communicationnel, Jürgen Habermas
élabore pour la première fois le modèle communicationnel, dans l’intention d’en faire la
norme de toutes les pratiques langagières. Pour ce faire, il recourt aux analyses
austiniennes sur l’illocution et la perlocution, dont il propose une réinterprétation qui
prétend parvenir à leur donner un sens adéquat, et les distinguer clairement. Le présent
article fait l’examen critique de cette prétention, et démontre que la pragmatique formelle
habermassienne n’est pas convaincante.
La réponse à l’incendie du parlement de Montréal en 1849, fondement d’une nouvelle communauté politique canadienne intégrée dans l’Empire britannique1
Authors: Roy Alain
Published: December 2016

En 1849, l’incendie du parlement met fin au statut de capitale de Montréal mais ouvre également une nouvelle ère politique. Si les événements tragiques qui surviennent ont fortement marqué la mémoire et l’histoire canadiennes, cet incendie va toutefois permettre la consolidation du « gouvernement responsable ». Alors que le nouveau gouvernement est fragile et critiqué de toutes parts et que les Tories font un raffut du diable, une vaste campagne d’adresses et d’assemblées est mise en place. Elle a pour effet de souder une nouvelle communauté politique canadienne autour du gouvernement en proclamant son soutien au gouverneur général et son allégeance à la reine Victoria, scellant alors le réarrangement des pouvoirs au sein de l’Empire britannique.
Le développement des partis politiques au Bas-Canada (1791-1840)
Authors: Bourgeois Eve , Godbout Jean-François
Published: December 2016

Cette étude s’intéresse à la formation des partis politiques et à l’origine de la cohésion partisane à la Chambre d’Assemblée du Bas-Canada entre 1791 et 1840. Pour ce faire, elle présente une analyse systématique de tous les votes tenus en Chambre en utilisant différents indices de loyauté. L’analyse cherche à évaluer les deux principales thèses qui ont été avancées pour expliquer le développement des partis politiques au Bas-Canada, soit les divisions entre les groupes ethniques ou politiques. Nos résultats démontrent que l’ethnicité est la principale source de division entre les députés lors des premières législatures et que c’est plutôt l’opposition entre les réformistes constitutionnels et les conservateurs favorables à l’ancien régime qui explique les divisions entre les députés lors des deux dernières législatures.
Entre ville et campagnes, les subdélégués de l’intendance canadienne
(1675-1763)
Authors: Didier Sébastien
Published: December 2016

De 1675 à 1763, la colonie de Nouvelle-France est administrée par un intendant qui
délègue dans les villes une partie de ses pouvoirs à des subdélégués. Ayant toute sa
confiance et commis pour l’informer et exécuter ses ordres sur « toutes sortes d’affaire »,
ils agissent aussi bien en ville qu’à la campagne, diffusant l’autorité et la justice de
l’intendant dans toute la province. Plus que la domination des notables urbains en milieu
rural, nos travaux montrent à quel point le réseau de l’intendant s’adapte aux localités,
notamment par le recrutement des subdélégués.
« La maman est l’économe de la maison » : la Ligue ouvrière catholique et la
consommation quotidienne au Québec, 1939-19541
Authors: Brisebois Marilyne
Published: December 2016

Cet article explore les représentations de la consommation véhiculées par la Ligue
ouvrière catholique au Québec, entre 1939 et 1954, en s’intéressant particulièrement aux
influences du genre, de la classe sociale et de la religion. Basée principalement sur le
dépouillement des deux journaux de la Ligue, Le Mouvement ouvrier (1939-1944) et
Le Front ouvrier (1944-1954), l’analyse met en lumière le fait que de saines
pratiques de consommation doivent servir à résoudre ce qui est pensé alors comme une crise
des valeurs morales et matérielles des familles ouvrières. Le discours sur la consommation,
forgé principalement par la section féminine de la Ligue, est destiné aux femmes considérées
comme les principaux agents de changement dans les pratiques de consommation
familiales.
Mourir dans la gloire : les tueries scolaires
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: December 2016

Les tueries scolaires sont perpétrées par des adolescents dans un établissement scolaire. Elles sont toujours préméditées et soigneusement mises en scène pour provoquer la notoriété du tueur via des vidéos ou des déclarations sur internet. Elles se donnent comme des spectacles morbides qui attisent la curiosité et nourrissent la renommée des tueurs.
Design of deep geothermal wells
Authors: Cultrera Matteo
Published: December 2016

Not available.
The new regulation on drinking water radioactivity and monitoring plans
Authors: Forte Maurizio
Published: December 2016

Not available.
Interneuronal mechanisms of hippocampal theta oscillations in a full-scale model of the rodent CA1 circuit
Authors: Bezaire Marianne J , Raikov Ivan , Burk Kelly , Vyas Dhrumil , Soltesz Ivan
Published: December 2016

The hippocampal theta rhythm plays important roles in information processing; however, the mechanisms of its generation are not well understood. We developed a data-driven, supercomputer-based, full-scale (1:1) model of the rodent CA1 area and studied its interneurons during theta oscillations. Theta rhythm with phase-locked gamma oscillations and phase-preferential discharges of distinct interneuronal types spontaneously emerged from the isolated CA1 circuit without rhythmic inputs. Perturbation experiments identified parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and neurogliaform cells, as well as interneuronal diversity itself, as important factors in theta generation. These simulations reveal new insights into the spatiotemporal organization of the CA1 circuit during theta oscillations.
Structural snapshots of Xer recombination reveal activation by synaptic complex remodeling and DNA bending
Authors: Bebel Aleksandra , Karaca Ezgi , Kumar Banushree , Stark W Marshall , Barabas Orsolya
Published: December 2016

Bacterial Xer site-specific recombinases play an essential genome maintenance role by unlinking chromosome multimers, but their mechanism of action has remained structurally uncharacterized. Here, we present two high-resolution structures of Helicobacter pylori XerH with its recombination site DNA difH, representing pre-cleavage and post-cleavage synaptic intermediates in the recombination pathway. The structures reveal that activation of DNA strand cleavage and rejoining involves large conformational changes and DNA bending, suggesting how interaction with the cell division protein FtsK may license recombination at the septum. Together with biochemical and in vivo analysis, our structures also reveal how a small sequence asymmetry in difH defines protein conformation in the synaptic complex and orchestrates the order of DNA strand exchanges. Our results provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of Xer recombination and a model for regulation of recombination activity during cell division.
Translation initiation by the hepatitis C virus IRES requires eIF1A and ribosomal complex remodeling
Authors: Jaafar Zane A , Oguro Akihiro , Nakamura Yoshikazu , Kieft Jeffrey S
Published: December 2016

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are important RNA-based translation initiation signals, critical for infection by many pathogenic viruses. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES is the prototype for the type 3 IRESs and is also invaluable for exploring principles of eukaryotic translation initiation, in general. Current mechanistic models for the type 3 IRESs are useful but they also present paradoxes, including how they can function both with and without eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2. We discovered that eIF1A is necessary for efficient activity where it stabilizes tRNA binding and inspects the codon-anticodon interaction, especially important in the IRES’ eIF2-independent mode. These data support a model in which the IRES binds preassembled translation preinitiation complexes and remodels them to generate eukaryotic initiation complexes with bacterial-like features. This model explains previous data, reconciles eIF2-dependent and -independent pathways, and illustrates how RNA structure-based control can respond to changing cellular conditions.
Spatiotemporal coupling and decoupling of gene transcription with DNA replication origins during embryogenesis in C. elegans
Authors: Pourkarimi Ehsan , Bellush James M , Whitehouse Iestyn
Published: December 2016

The primary task of developing embryos is genome replication, yet how DNA replication is integrated with the profound cellular changes that occur through development is largely unknown. Using an approach to map DNA replication at high resolution in C. elegans, we show that replication origins are marked with specific histone modifications that define gene enhancers. We demonstrate that the level of enhancer associated modifications scale with the efficiency at which the origin is utilized. By mapping replication origins at different developmental stages, we show that the positions and activity of origins is largely invariant through embryogenesis. Contrary to expectation, we find that replication origins are specified prior to the broad onset of zygotic transcription, yet when transcription initiates it does so in close proximity to the pre-defined replication origins. Transcription and DNA replication origins are correlated, but the association breaks down when embryonic cell division ceases. Collectively, our data indicate that replication origins are fundamental organizers and regulators of gene activity through embryonic development.
Structural basis for the inhibition of RecBCD by Gam and its synergistic antibacterial effect with quinolones
Authors: Wilkinson Martin , Troman Luca A , Wan Nur Ismah Wan AK , Chaban Yuriy , Avison Matthew B , Dillingham Mark S , Wigley Dale B
Published: December 2016

Our previous paper (Wilkinson et al, 2016) used high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy to solve the structure of the Escherichia coli RecBCD complex, which acts in both the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and the degradation of bacteriophage DNA. To counteract the latter activity, bacteriophage λ encodes a small protein inhibitor called Gam that binds to RecBCD and inactivates the complex. Here, we show that Gam inhibits RecBCD by competing at the DNA-binding site. The interaction surface is extensive and involves molecular mimicry of the DNA substrate. We also show that expression of Gam in E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae increases sensitivity to fluoroquinolones; antibacterials that kill cells by inhibiting topoisomerases and inducing double-stranded DNA breaks. Furthermore, fluoroquinolone-resistance in K. pneumoniae clinical isolates is reversed by expression of Gam. Together, our data explain the synthetic lethality observed between topoisomerase-induced DNA breaks and the RecBCD gene products, suggesting a new co-antibacterial strategy.
One genome’s junk is another’s garbage
Authors: Bright Lydia J , Chalker Douglas L
Published: December 2016

Experiments on a single-celled ciliate reveal how mobile genetic elements can shape a genome, even one which is not transcriptionally active.
MicroRNA‐335‐5p and ‐3p synergize to inhibit estrogen receptor alpha expression and promote tamoxifen resistance
Authors: Martin Elizabeth C. , Conger Adrienne K. , Yan Thomas J. , Hoang Van T. , Miller David F. B. , Buechlein Aaron , Rusch Douglas B. , Nephew Kenneth P. , Collins‐Burow Bridgette M. , Burow Matthew E.
Published: December 2016

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression and play critical roles in human malignancies. Next‐generation sequencing analysis of the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line overexpressing miR‐335‐5p and miR‐335‐3p demonstrated that the miRNA duplex repressed genes involved in the ERα signaling pathway, and enhanced resistance of MCF‐7 cells to the growth inhibitory effects of tamoxifen. These data suggest that despite its conventional role in tumor suppression, the miR‐335 transcript can also play an oncogenic role in promoting agonistic estrogen signaling in a cancerous setting.
Assimilating the global satellite mapping of precipitation data with the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM)
Authors: Kotsuki Shunji , Miyoshi Takemasa , Terasaki Koji , Lien Guo‐Yuan , Kalnay Eugenia
Published: December 2016

This study aims to propose two new approaches to improve precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models through effective data assimilation of satellite‐derived precipitation. The assimilation of precipitation data is known to be very difficult mainly because of highly non‐Gaussian statistics of precipitation variables. Following Lien et al., this study addresses the non‐Gaussianity issue by applying the Gaussian transformation (GT) based on the empirical cumulative distribution function (CDF) of precipitation. We propose a method that constructs the CDF with only recent 1 month samples, without using a long period of samples needed previously. We also propose a method to use the inverse GT, with which we can obtain realistic precipitation fields from biased NWP model outputs. We assimilate the Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency's Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) data into the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) at 112 km horizontal resolution. Assimilating the GSMaP data results in improved weather forecasts compared to the control experiment assimilating only rawinsonde data. We find that horizontal observation thinning is necessary, probably due to the horizontal observation‐error correlations in the GSMaP data. We also obtained precipitation fields similar to GSMaP from the NICAM precipitation forecasts by using the inverse GT, leading to an improved precipitation forecast.
Cloud and Sun‐glint statistics derived from GOES and MODIS observations over the Intra‐Americas Sea for GEO‐CAPE mission planning
Authors: Feng Lian , Hu Chuanmin , Barnes Brian B. , Mannino Antonio , Heidinger Andrew K. , Strabala Kathleen , Iraci Laura T.
Published: December 2016

Knowledge of cloud cover, frequency, and duration is not only important to study cloud dynamics, but also critical in determining when and where to take ocean measurements from geostationary orbits such as the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO‐CAPE) mission due to the challenges in achieving complete hemispheric coverage of coastal oceans, estuaries, and inland waters at hourly frequency. Using GOES hourly measurements at 4 km nadir resolution between 2006 and 2011, the number of cloud‐free hourly observations per day (Ncf) for solar zenith angle θo < 80° was estimated for each 0.1° location of the Intra‐Americas Sea. The number of Sun‐glint‐affected hourly observations per day (Nsg) was also calculated based on the planned GEO‐CAPE observation geometry and realistic wind speed. High‐latitude and equatorial oceans showed the lowest Ncf (<2.4) in all climatological months, and highest Ncf was observed in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and Caribbean (>4.5). Different regions showed differences in seasonality of cloud‐free conditions and also showed differences in the hour of a day at which the satellite observations would have the maximal cloud‐free and glint‐free probability (Tmax). Cloud cover from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1 km measurements are >10% higher than those from the MODIS 250 m measurements, supporting ocean color missions at subkilometer resolutions to enhance both spatial coverage and temporal frequency. These findings provide valuable information for GEO‐CAPE mission planning to maximize its science value through minimizing the impacts of clouds and Sun glint.
Evaluating the skills of isotope‐enabled general circulation models against in situ atmospheric water vapor isotope observations
Authors: Steen‐Larsen H. C. , Risi C. , Werner M. , Yoshimura K. , Masson‐Delmotte V.
Published: December 2016

The skills of isotope‐enabled general circulation models are evaluated against atmospheric water vapor isotopes. We have combined in situ observations of surface water vapor isotopes spanning multiple field seasons (2010, 2011, and 2012) from the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (NEEM site: 77.45°N, 51.05°W, 2484 m above sea level) with observations from the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean (Bermuda Islands 32.26°N, 64.88°W, year: 2012; south coast of Iceland 63.83°N, 21.47°W, year: 2012; South Greenland 61.21°N, 47.17°W, year: 2012; Svalbard 78.92°N, 11.92°E, year: 2014). This allows us to benchmark the ability to simulate the daily water vapor isotope variations from five different simulations using isotope‐enabled general circulation models. Our model‐data comparison documents clear isotope biases both on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (1–11‰ for δ18O and 4–19‰ for d‐excess depending on model and season) and in the marine boundary layer (maximum differences for the following: Bermuda δ18O = ~1‰, d‐excess = ~3‰; South coast of Iceland δ18O = ~2‰, d‐excess = ~ 5‰; South Greenland δ18O = ~4‰, d‐excess = ~7‰; Svalbard δ18O = ~2‰, d‐excess = ~7‰). We find that the simulated isotope biases are not just explained by simulated biases in temperature and humidity. Instead, we argue that these isotope biases are related to a poor simulation of the spatial structure of the marine boundary layer water vapor isotopic composition. Furthermore, we specifically show that the marine boundary layer water vapor isotopes of the Baffin Bay region show strong influence on the water vapor isotopes at the NEEM deep ice core‐drilling site in northwest Greenland. Our evaluation of the simulations using isotope‐enabled general circulation models also documents wide intermodel spatial variability in the Arctic. This stresses the importance of a coordinated water vapor isotope‐monitoring network in order to discriminate amongst these model behaviors.
Lagrangian dynamics of the mistral during the HyMeX SOP2
Authors: Drobinski P. , Alonzo B. , Basdevant C. , Cocquerez P. , Doerenbecher A. , Fourrié N. , Nuret M.
Published: December 2016

The mistral refers to a severe wind blowing over the Gulf of Lions after being channeled in the Rhone valley. It influences the western Mediterranean climate as it brings cold and dry continental air over the warm western Mediterranean, generating intense air‐sea heat exchanges and sea surface cooling, inducing the formation of the western Mediterranean deep water that moves into the Atlantic Ocean. The mistral is frequently observed to extend as far as a few hundred kilometers from the coast, and its fine‐scale dynamics over the sea is still only partially understood as finely resolved observations in time and space are lacking. The boundary layer pressurized balloons (BLPB) developed by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales and deployed during HyMeX SOP2 allowed the Lagrangian documentation of the mistral events that occurred between beginning of February to mid‐March 2013. Analyzed in synergy with the AROME‐WMED weather forecast model, all the terms of the Lagrangian formulation of the momentum conservation equation could be quantified showing three different regions: (1) an injection zone where the mistral flow is directed toward the center of the Genoa cyclone due to a strong zonal pressure gradient, enhanced friction, and entrainment in the mountain wake; (2) an ejection zone where the flow is deflected outward of the cyclone due to either the nonnegligible inertia pseudoforce or an inertial oscillation caused by a sudden friction decrease; and (3) a region of geostrophic deceleration due to the weakening of the pressure gradient.
A photosynthesis‐based two‐leaf canopy stomatal conductance model for meteorology and air quality modeling with WRF/CMAQ PX LSM
Authors: Ran Limei , Pleim Jonathan , Song Conghe , Band Larry , Walker John T. , Binkowski Francis S.
Published: December 2016

A coupled photosynthesis‐stomatal conductance model with single‐layer sunlit and shaded leaf canopy scaling is implemented and evaluated in a diagnostic box model with the Pleim‐Xiu land surface model (PX LSM) and ozone deposition model components taken directly from the meteorology and air quality modeling system—WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecast model and Community Multiscale Air Quality model). The photosynthesis‐based model for PX LSM (PX PSN) is evaluated at a FLUXNET site for implementation against different parameterizations and the current PX LSM approach with a simple Jarvis function (PX Jarvis). Latent heat flux (LH) from PX PSN is further evaluated at five FLUXNET sites with different vegetation types and landscape characteristics. Simulated ozone deposition and flux from PX PSN are evaluated at one of the sites with ozone flux measurements. Overall, the PX PSN simulates LH as well as the PX Jarvis approach. The PX PSN, however, shows distinct advantages over the PX Jarvis approach for grassland that likely result from its treatment of C3 and C4 plants for CO2 assimilation. Simulations using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) rather than LAI measured at each site assess how the model would perform with grid averaged data used in WRF/CMAQ. MODIS LAI estimates degrade model performance at all sites but one site having exceptionally old and tall trees. Ozone deposition velocity and ozone flux along with LH are simulated especially well by the PX PSN compared to significant overestimation by the PX Jarvis for a grassland site.
Large uncertainties in observed daily precipitation extremes over land
Authors: Herold Nicholas , Behrangi Ali , Alexander Lisa V.
Published: December 2016

We explore uncertainties in observed daily precipitation extremes over the terrestrial tropics and subtropics (50°S–50°N) based on five commonly used products: the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre‐Full Data Daily (GPCC‐FDD) dataset, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi‐satellite research product (T3B42 v7), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR), and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project's One‐Degree Daily (GPCP‐1DD) dataset. We use the precipitation indices R10mm and Rx1day, developed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices, to explore the behavior of “moderate” and “extreme” extremes, respectively. In order to assess the sensitivity of extreme precipitation to different grid sizes we perform our calculations on four common spatial resolutions (0.25° × 0.25°, 1° × 1°, 2.5° × 2.5°, and 3.75° × 2.5°). The impact of the chosen “order of operation” in calculating these indices is also determined. Our results show that moderate extremes are relatively insensitive to product and resolution choice, while extreme extremes can be very sensitive. For example, at 0.25° × 0.25° quasi‐global mean Rx1day values vary from 37 mm in PERSIANN‐CDR to 62 mm in T3B42. We find that the interproduct spread becomes prominent at resolutions of 1° × 1° and finer, thus establishing a minimum effective resolution at which observational products agree. Without improvements in interproduct spread, these exceedingly large observational uncertainties at high spatial resolution may limit the usefulness of model evaluations. As has been found previously, resolution sensitivity can be largely eliminated by applying an order of operation where indices are calculated prior to regridding. However, this approach is not appropriate when true area averages are desired (e.g., for model evaluations).
The specificity of homomeric clustering of CD81 is mediated by its δ‐loop
Authors: Homsi Yahya , Lang Thorsten
Published: December 2016

Tetraspanins are cell membrane‐scaffolding proteins interacting with one another and a repertoire of interaction partners. Through these interactions, they form extended molecular networks as tetraspanin webs or tetraspanin‐enriched microdomains. Microscopic data suggest that these networks contain tetraspanin clusters, with poor overlap between clusters formed by different tetraspanins. Here, we investigate the possibility of targeting tetraspanins CD9 or CD151 to clusters formed by the tetraspanin CD81. We find that the δ‐loop from the large extracellular domain of CD81 is sufficient for targeting of CD9/CD151 to CD81 clusters. Moreover, in a pull‐down assay, CD9 coprecipitates more CD81 when it carries the CD81 δ‐loop. In conclusion, the information for forming homomeric CD81 clusters is encoded in the δ‐loop.
Nitrososphaeria
Authors: Kerou Melina , Eloy Alves Ricardo J. , Schleper Christa
Published: December 2016

Ni.tro.so.sphae'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.
Nitrososphaera
the type genus of the type order of the class; N.L. suff. ‐
ia
ending to denote a class, N.L. neut. pl. n.
Nitrososphaeria
the class of the order
Nitrososphaerales
.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria

The
Nitrososphaeria
class encompasses all cultivated organisms within the phylum
Thaumarchaeota
. Members of the
Nitrososphaeria
have been isolated from soil, marine, estuarine, freshwater and geothermal ecosystems and wastewater treatment plants. On the basis of marker gene surveys, these organisms are present in virtually every environment, both moderate and extreme, making it the most broadly distributed group of Archaea known to date. All cultivated members of the
Nitrososphaeria
are chemolithoautotrophs that depend on the aerobic oxidation of ammonia. Members of this class share a specific set of information processing genes, distinguishing them from members of all other archaeal phyla.
Nitrososphaeraceae
Authors: Kerou Melina , Schleper Christa
Published: December 2016

Ni.tro.so.sphae.ra.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Nitrososphaera
type genus of the family; L. suff. ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nitrososphaeraceae
the family of the genus
Nitrososphaera
.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria / Nitrososphaerales / Nitrososphaeraceae

Members of the family
Nitrososphaeraceae
are obligately aerobic. Capability for chemolithoautotrophic growth by ammonia oxidation and CO
2
fixation has been demonstrated by all cultivated members, but some require supplementation of organic acids (specifically α‐keto acids). Cells have an irregular coccoid shape. See description of order for additional features. The family contains the type genus
Nitrososphaera
and the genus
Nitrosocosmicus
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48.4–52.7.

Type genus
:
Nitrososphaera
Stieglmeier, Klingl, Alves, Rittmann, Melcher, Leisch and Schleper 2014, 2746
VP
.
Methanomassiliicoccus
Authors: Nkamga Vanessa Demonfort , Drancourt Michel
Published: December 2016

Me.tha.no.mas.si.li.i.coc'cus. N.L. pref.
methano
‐ pertaining to methane; L. n.
Massilia
Latin name for Marseille; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
(from Gr. masc. n. kokkos grain, seed) coccus; N.L. masc. n.
Methanomassiliicoccus
a methane‐forming coccus from Marseille.

Euryarchaeota / Thermoplasmata / Methanomassiliicoccales / Methanomassiliicoccaceae / Methanomassiliicoccus

Roundish cells, average mean of 850 nm in diameter, usually occurring singly without an apparent cell wall, surrounded by two electron‐dense layers, one enclosing the cell cytoplasm (cytoplasmic membrane) and the other separated from the former by a wide electron‐lucent ring (outermost layer), possess archaellum‐like cell appendages. Obligate anaerobe. Staining Gram positive. Obligately methylotrophic and methyl donors are methanol or mono‐, di‐, or trimethylamine. Obligately hydrogen dependent. Methanogenic metabolism. Resting cells, such as spores, are not known. Nonmotile. Does not form filaments. Optimum temperature of growth is 37°C; maximum, 45°C; minimum 25°C. Optimum pH of growth: 7.6. Chemoorganotrophic. Energy for growth is obtained by reducing of methanol or methylamines using H
2
as electron donor. Methane is not produced from methanol in the absence of H
2
. Carbon dioxide and nitrate do not substitute for methanol as an electron acceptor. Methane is not produced from acetate or formate, with or without H
2
. No growth or methane is obtained with 2‐butanol, 2‐propanol, cyclopentanol, 2‐pentanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, or 2,3‐butanediol, with or without H
2
. Yeast extract, NaCl (1.0%), methylamine, one or more B vitamins, tungstate, and selenite stimulate growth. Form a monophyletic group within the radiation of the “environmental cluster” of
Methanomassiliicoccales
. Habitat: intestinal tract of human and ruminant.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.5.

Type species
:
Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis
.