bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Metaphorization of the Concept of Cloud in Selected Polish and Russian Poetic Works – A Linguistic Approach
Authors: Kur-Kononowicz Jolanta
Published: January 2025

The aim of the article is to describe the ways of metaphorizing the concept of cloud in selected Polish and Russian poetic works and to determine the frequency of use of a given metaphorical pattern. The monometaphoric pattern is described from a cognitive perspective. Metaphors are divided into: artifactual, anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, naturomorphic and phytomorphic. The features of the source and target domains, on the basis of which metaphorical transfer occurs, have been considered. The work concludes with the presentation of the similarities and differences in the perception of the concept of cloud in selected Polish and Russian poetic works.
Giertruda – Lover of Arms or Heroine of Labour? About Radical Changes in Anthroponymy
Authors: Zlotkowski Piotr
Published: January 2025

A reviev of: Seweryn, Agnieszka. Revolution in Anthroponymics. New Names of the Soviet Period of the First Half of the 1920s. Krakow: Avalon Press, 2021. ISBN 978-83-7730-572-0, 218 pp. [In Russian: Seweryn, Agnieszka. Революция в антропонимии: новые имена советской эпохи первой половины 20-х годов ХХ века. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Avalon, 2021.]
The Polish Enlightenment Poetry in the Kharkiv Periodicals and Books between 1819 and 1820
Authors: Dabrowska Magdalena
Published: January 2025

The paper presents the reception of the Polish Enlightenment poetry in the Russian-language periodicals (monthly ‘Ukrainski Vestnik’, 1816–1819) and books (a volume of poetry ‘The Attempts in Verses’ by Aleksander Skłabowski, 1819; a collection ‘The Works and Translations by the Students of the Imperial University in Kharkiv...’, 1820), published by the Kharkiv University Publishing House in the first half of the 19th century. The methods employed in the research are bibliographic heuristics, comparative literature and translation studies. The paper consists of three parts: the outline of history of the Polish Language Department and publishing at the Kharkiv University; the register of the free translations and imitations of the works by the Polish poets (Franciszek Karpiński and Adam Naruszewicz); the comparison of Naruszewicz’s poem ‘To the Stream’ (1771) with Aleksandr Sklabovskij’s poem ‘To the Stream’ (1819). The interest in Polish history and literature in Kharkiv was strongly influenced by the work performed at the Polish Language Department at Kharkiv University since 1818.
Bulgarian Translations of the Qurʾān (1900–2020): Missionary Agenda, Communist Ideology, and Canonical Impulse
Authors: Pavlovitch Pavel
Published: January 2025

The present paper aims to analyse the historical and political contexts in which the Bulgarian translations of Qurʾān were created and disseminated. The history of Bulgarian translations of Qurʾān may be divided into three periods: 1900–1944, 1944–1989 and the 1990s onward. The first period is dominated by two Protestant translations from English motivated by a missionary incentive. In the second period, translations of Qurʾān were controlled by the Communist state and thus suppressed or intended to justify persecutions against Bulgarian Muslims. The third period saw the publication of multiple Bulgarian translations of the Qurʾān as well as the first rendition from Arabic. All stages are carefully and critically examined to demonstrate the relevant socio-political influence on the Qurʾān’s presence in Bulgaria. The logical progression of approaches taken by subsequent translations is also shown. The paper concludes with a systematic summary of the status of the Qurʾān in Bulgaria, thereby suggesting possible directions for future researchers and translators.
Comparison of fasting and non-fasting lipid profile in Nigerian adults
Authors: Etaniamhe Orimadegun Bose , Afolabi Fateemah Oluwadamilola , Tijani Bashar Adekilekun
Published: January 2025

Background: Lipid profiles are a vital cardiovascular risk factor. Traditionally fasting lipid profiles are used to minimise postprandial variability, the necessity of fasting for accurate lipid assessment has been questioned, and its utility among Nigerian adults remains uncertain. We compared fasting and non-fasting plasma lipid levels in Nigerian adults to assess the practicality of a non-fasting lipid profile.
Methods: We conducted this self-control comparative study at University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. We recruited 90 consenting adults aged 18 and older from various outpatient units. We collected plasma samples after an overnight fast and two hours post-prandial. We analysed the lipid levels using standard laboratory methods. We used paired t-tests and bland Altman graphs to compare mean values and determine agreement.
Results: The fasting total cholesterol (TC) (5.25±2.05 mmol/l) and LDL cholesterol (3.84±2.08 mmol/l) levels were significantly higher than their non-fasting counterparts (3.95±1.79 mmol/l and 2.34±1.74 mmol/l, respectively; p<0.001). Conversely, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher in the non-fasting state (1.68±0.88 mmol/l) compared to the fasting state (1.35±0.73 mmol/l; p<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels showed minimal differences between fasting and non-fasting conditions (p=0.136). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the variations between fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles fell within clinically acceptable limits.
Conclusions: Within the acceptable limits of agreement, non-fasting lipid profiles offer a practical alternative to fasting profiles for cardiovascular risk assessment in Nigerian adults.
Effect of preoperative anxiety on recovery time in general anesthesia
Authors: Taher Abu , Salim Moral M. , Ahamed Mohammad S. , Hassnul Alam M. , Siddique Abul Bashar M. , Harun-Ur-Rashid M.
Published: January 2025

Background: Preoperative anxiety, common in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, can negatively affect recovery by increasing stress responses and postoperative complications. This study investigates the impact of preoperative anxiety on recovery times and evaluates the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions, like relaxation techniques and patient education, in reducing anxiety and improving surgical outcomes. The aim was to assess the impact of preoperative anxiety on recovery time and evaluate anxiety management strategies in surgical patients.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from June 2022 to May 2023, with 142 patients aged 20-60 years undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Data collection included demographics, preoperative anxiety using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), physiological stress indicators, and recovery times. Patients with psychiatric conditions or on anxiety medications were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) (version 27.0.1) to assess anxiety and recovery outcomes.
Results: The largest group of patients was aged 40-49 (29.58%) with more males (54.93%). Moderate preoperative anxiety was most common (38.73%). Surgery typically lasted 2-3 hours (38.73%), and most patients recovered within 3-4 hours (36.62%). Mild anxiety patients had faster recovery times, while severe anxiety prolonged recovery. Pain was the most frequent postoperative complication (38.73%), followed by nausea/vomiting (31.69%) and drowsiness (21.13%).
Conclusions: Preoperative anxiety prolongs recovery time. Effective management through pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods enhances postoperative recovery and outcomes.
Correlation of serum lipid profile and diabetic retinopathy: a prospective study
Authors: Hemalatha K. , Preethi V. , Babu Manohar
Published: January 2025

Background: To correlate serum lipid levels and presence of Diabetic Macular edema in diabetic retinopathy patients. To compare the serum lipid profile of patients with and without Diabetic Macular edema. To compare and analyze the present study with reference to other studies on serum lipid profile in diabetic retinopathy. To emphasize the importance of doing serum lipid profile as routine investigation in patients with diabetic retinopathy and to initiate treatment for those appropriate.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Tertiary Eye Care Centre, Salem, TamilNadu with petients presenting to Retina clinic for 6 months with a sample size of 186.
Results: The data analysis was performed using statistical software package SPSS version 22.0. Both the descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The continuous variables were summarized as mean with standard deviation. The categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and proportions.
The comparison of continuous variables was done using unpaired ‘t’ test and comparison of categorical variables were done using Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test depending on distribution. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Conclusions: The present study gives good evidence of a significant correlation between higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HbA1C and lower levels of HDL-C with the presence of Diabetic Macular edema. Hence along with diabetes control drugs, lipid lowering drugs should be started for diabetic patients having dyslipidemia.
Comparative study of the outcome and early complications between stapled and open hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Manzoor Shahzada Faisal , Bhat Sandeep , Zargar Owais-Ul-Umer , Riaz Mohd.
Published: January 2025

Background: Hemorrhoids also known as piles are vascular cushions in the anal canal that help with stool control. When these cushions are swollen or inflamed, they become a disease. The signs and symptoms depend on the type present. Internal hemorrhoids often result in painless, bright red rectal bleeding while defecating whereas external hemorrhoids mostly present with pain and swelling in the area of the anus.
Methods: This study was conducted in the department of surgery, GMC Jammu during the time period of one year. After seeking consent to be a part of study, patients were subject to either of the procedures based on their allotted groups and aim was to compare the outcome and early complications between stapled and open hemorrhoidectomy groups.
Results: A total of 90 patients were taken for the study and 45 patients were recruited to each group. VAS (visual analog scale) scores for pain were better in the stapled group.  None of the stapled patients complained of bleeding beyond first post-op week. In the open group 1 patient continued to complain of bleeding during defaecation even at 45 days. The mean hospital stay was lower and return to work was earlier in stappled group as compared to open group. The incidence of postoperative fever, incontinence to flatus, urinary retention, mucus discharge, unhealed anal wound, anal stenosis and recurrence was more in the open group as compared to stappled group.
Conclusions: Our study affirms stapled hemorrhoidectomy as a superior procedure in terms of early outcomes, with lesser post-op pain and bleeding, early hospital discharge, early return to work, less complications and low recurrence rate as compared to open hemorrhoidectomy.
Maternal and neonatal outcome in twin pregnancies at a tertiary care center: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Nair Abhirami , Soni Anita
Published: January 2025

Background: Despite many advancements in antenatal health care, twin pregnancies encounter more unfavourable outcomes as multiple pregnancy has always been associated with increased risk of fetomaternal complications in particular prematurity and perinatal morbidity. Rate of twin gestation varies significantly among different societies and geographical region, however with escalating use of assisted reproductive techniques and increased maternal age the incidence of twin gestations is surging. This study was conducted with an objective to analyse the burden of twin gestation along with fetomaternal outcome with any possible associations.
Methods: This retrospective observational study conducted in Dr LH Hiranandani Hospital included 51 women with twin pregnancy with gestational age more than 26 weeks, analysed the neonatal and maternal outcome.
Results: The incidence of twin pregnancy was 24.24 %, with 68.6 % pregnancies through ART. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (29.41%) was found to be the most prevailing maternal complication, followed by, PPROM (27.45%). 60.78% of mothers had preterm delivery and lower segment caesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery (94.1%). About 53.1 % babies required NICU admission with prematurity being the most prevalent cause (39.8%)
Conclusions: Twin pregnancies warrant systematic follow up for early identification and management of complications. Active supervision with pertinent NICU care can improve fetomaternal outcome.
Comparison of neonatal outcome after labour monitoring by paperless partograph and modified who partograph
Authors: Verma Krupa , Menghani Rekha , Panwar Babita , Hooja Nupur , Aanchal  , Meena Pooja
Published: January 2025

Background: The sustainable development goal (SDG) 3.2 aims to reduce preventable neonatal mortality to 12 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030. Monitoring of women in labour helps in the decrease, yet the modified WHO partograph is often not used. For use by clinicians in low resource areas, a paperless partograph has been developed. It is a simple, quick, easy to learn calculation to help monitor the progress of labour. One can decide the time to take action or to transfer a woman to another centre. The aim of the study was to compare neonatal outcome when labour is monitored by paperless partograph and modified WHO partograph.
Methods: 1040 women admitted in labour room were divided into two groups. and assessed during labour using Modified WHO partograph (group A) or using paperless partograph (group B). Neonatal outcome of two groups was observed and compared in terms of APGAR scores, NICU admissions (rate, reason and duration of admission).
Results: The Apgar score at 5 minutes was >7 for 99.03% in the paperless partograph and 98.07% in WHO partograph groups. There was no significant difference between the NICU admission rates, duration or reason in the two groups.
Conclusions: Since the outcome in the two groups is similar, paperless partograph can replace modified WHO partograph for monitoring of the labour in low resource settings.
Clearing the circles: an unusual way
Authors: Vickneswaran Kanesan , Nambi Rabi
Published: January 2025

A 66-year-old lady with no significant past medical history presented with gradual onset of annular erythematous raised border with central clearing and atrophy plaque on her left arm. Subsequently, she noticed further plaques on her left forehead, and extensor surfaces of her arms. A diagnostic skin punch biopsy was organised from the affected site on right arm. The histology showed multi-nucleated giant cells with surrounding fragmented elastic fibres and elastophagocytosis with no dermal mucinosis and no interface inflammation. A working diagnosis of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma (AEGCG) was formulated. Initially this was treated with a potent topical steroid, followed with tacrolimus ointment but the dermatoses did not settle. She was then started on hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice daily. A repeat follow-up in three months showed the plaques has started to flatten out and the treatment was continued for a further three months. The patient was happy with the improvement of the rash. AEGCG is an uncommon granulomatous skin reaction typically involving sun exposed areas of the body. Clinically, this presents as annular erythematous plaques with central clearing or atrophy. The gold standard for diagnosis is based on histopathology showing granulomatous inflammation, multinucleated giant cells with more than one area of elastophagocytosis and absence of necrobiosis. There is no standard treatment, but treatment can range from topical therapy with corticosteroids, to phototherapy including narrow band ultraviolet B to systemic medications including oral antimalarial such as hydroxychloroquine. This case illustrates that hydroxychloroquine can be used as a treatment option.
Post-duodenal polypectomy pancreatitis: an uncommon iatrogenic trigger
Authors: Gonzalez Mosquera Daniel A. , Menghrajani Rajiv Hans , Mateo Chavez Maria B. , Banks Marcus , Kilani Yassine
Published: January 2025

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a major cause of gastrointestinal-related admission in the United States, characterized by epigastric pain radiating to the back, and nausea and vomiting. Although commonly associated with alcohol consumption and gallstones, cases involving less frequent triggers, such as post-endoscopy, have been reported. We present an unusual case of post-polypectomy pancreatitis following esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). A 20-year-old woman underwent polypectomy during a bariatric EGD screening procedure, resulting in a 2 mm non-bleeding pedunculated polyp's polypectomy from the second part of the duodenum. She experienced excruciating abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting within an hour. Following an emergency evaluation, the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made; this was supported by increased lipase enzyme and physical manifestation. While AP tends to be triggered by well-known reasons, this particular case highlights a distinctive iatrogenic trigger-duodenal polypectomy. Only a handful of similar cases have been documented. The duodenum's peculiar proximity to important pancreatic structures may result in mechanical injury or heat-induced pancreatic damage. The management, similar to typical acute pancreatitis care, underscores the importance of supportive measures. This rare case of post-polypectomy pancreatitis emphasizes the risk of iatrogenic complications. Timely diagnosis and surveillance following procedures involving the duodenum can help with early diagnosis.
Uncommon cause of vertigo: Bow Hunter syndrome
Authors: Soetanto Gamaliel Wibowo , Husein Carla
Published: January 2025

Rotational vertebral artery syndrome, recognized as Bow Hunter syndrome (BHS), was a rare but potentially debilitating condition characterized with triggered vertigo, dizziness, and syncope. It results from dynamic vertebral artery (VA) stenosis due by compression from adjacent anatomical structures during specific neck movements. It may be easily overlooked even with the use of advanced imaging techniques because its symptoms closely resemble other episodic vestibular disorders, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However, BHS may cause posterior circulation stroke. The only definitive diagnostic method for BHS is provocative neck movement testing, with provocative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the gold standard. A 61-year-old female had vertigo, dizziness, and presyncope which was triggered by rotating her neck to the left. Angiographic head-to-neck CT showed cervical spondylosis with osteophytes at C5-C6 vertebral level without any blood vessel abnormalities. Conventional DSA discovered hypoplastic right VA. Following provocative neck movement to the left, significant stenosis of left VA was detected. She was advised to immobilized her neck and consulted to neurosurgeons for the consideration of surgical decompression. Although rare, BHS should be considered as a potential cause of vertigo. Normal vascular assessment from ancillary tests did not rule out BHS. Recognizing BHS was crucial for its comprehensive evaluation of provocative physical examination to provocative DSA. Treatment options include neck immobilization, anticoagulation therapy, and surgical intervention, with or without dynamic intraoperative angiography.
A case of Sheehan syndrome in early pregnancy
Authors: Nikumbhe Rahul Daulat , Kamble Bhimrao Gyanba , Khan Sufiyan Afsar , Agarkar Aniket Dineshrao
Published: January 2025

Sheehan syndrome is also known as hypopituitarism due to necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland due to hypotension or shock, secondary to postpartum bleeding. It generally occurs in postpartum bleeding after a full-term delivery as there is physiological hyperplasia of the pituitary gland which demands more blood supply. After severe postpartum haemorrhage, there is inadequate blood supply to the pituitary gland which results in necrosis of the gland. The first and most common symptom of Sheehan syndrome is absence of lactation. Other symptoms may include amenorrhoea, hot flashes. Sheehan syndrome is still a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in less developed countries. The diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome may not present immediately after birth. But rarely, it can be seen in the first trimester due to incomplete abortion. In our case a 35-year female G5P4L4 with one month and fifteen days of amenorrhoea came with complain of bleeding per vaginal and severe generalised weakness. After stabilisation patient was evaluated and it came to know that patient has hypopituitarism.
GVAX vaccine as a treatment for pancreatic cancer: an overview of its clinical history and current immunotherapeutic outcomes
Authors: Alabdulmohsen Dalal M.
Published: January 2025

With few available treatments and a dismal prognosis, pancreatic cancer is among the most aggressive and deadly cancers. Immunotherapy has become a potential strategy to increase anti-tumor immunity, especially cancer vaccines. GVAX, an allogeneic pancreatic cancer vaccine employing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an immune adjuvant, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Initial trials of GVAX showed mixed results, with some patients exhibiting immune responses and prolonged survival. Subsequent studies explored combinations with chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab and nivolumab. While these combinations demonstrated promising immunological effects and improved clinical outcomes in some cases, the overall survival benefit has been inconsistent, especially in advanced disease stages. Recent trials are further investigating optimal combinations and dosing regimens to maximize the efficacy of GVAX-based immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. In conclusion, GVAX holds promise as a component of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. However, further research is needed to optimize its use in combination with other therapies and to identify patient populations that may benefit most from this approach.
Post-traumatic splenic cyst presenting as epidermoid cyst in spleen: an unusual presentation
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Srivastava Pallavi
Published: January 2025

Epidermoid splenic cysts are very rare among primary splenic cysts. The histologic findings show cyst wall lined by stratified squamous epithelium, various theories have emerged regarding the origin of cysts, however controversies still exist. We report a case of young adult male in his 20s presenting with left upper abdominal quadrant pain and distention treated with open surgical procedure. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry findings further confirming the diagnosis as epidermoid splenic cyst. The case is unique in its association with history of trauma and development of true cyst.
Study of mutation profile in myelofibrosis and response to low dose ruxolitinib: a tertiary care experience
Authors: Abinaya D. , Rajendran Aruna , Manoharan Divya , Hari Vandana G. , Yelugoti Vikram
Published: January 2025

Background: Myelofibrosis is a rare myeloid neoplasm characterized predominantly by anaemia and splenomegaly. Mutations in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), calreticulin (CALR), and myeloproliferative leukaemia (MPL) play key roles. This study aimed to examine the demographic profile, transfusion dependency, and mutations (JAK2, CALR, and MPL) associated with myelofibrosis and to evaluate the response to Ruxolitinib treatment in these patients.
Methods: This retrospective study included 30 patients at Madras Medical College, Chennai, from January 2022 to August 2024. Patients aged between 20 and 70 years at the time of diagnosis, primary myelofibrosis (PMF) or secondary myelofibrosis confirmed by clinical findings, laboratory tests, bone marrow biopsy, and genetic mutation such as JAK2 V617F, CALR, MPL, or triple-negative were included.
Results: The mean age was 52.37±13.08 years, with splenomegaly and anaemia being common. Of the 30 patients, 73.3% were on Ruxolitinib and 59.1% were transfusion-dependent. CALR-positive and triple-negative patients were entirely transfusion-dependent, whereas JAK2-positive patients were predominantly non-transfusion-dependent (p<0.0001). Ruxolitinib treatment showed mild reduction on spleen size but significantly improved quality of life (p=0.031). Non-transfusion-dependent patients had better quality of life scores (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Genetic testing, including both driver and non-driver mutations, plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of myelofibrosis. Transfusion dependency and anaemia severity are negative prognostic factors, while Ruxolitinib improves the quality of life.
Assessing people's perception of onchocerciasis control in forest and savannah areas of the Central African Republic in 2023: a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Woromogo Sylvain H. , Ngouyombo Ange D. , Garoua-Adjou Stéphanie I. , Doyama-Woza Rodrigue H. , Longo Jean de D.
Published: January 2025

Background: Onchocerciasis or river blindness is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial Onchocerca volvulus. People living in savannah and forest areas of Central African Republic (CAR) are exposed to onchocerciasis due to the increased presence of the transmissible agent. In order to achieve the objective of mass distribution of Ivermectin, the community must join in the fight against the disease.
Methods: A multicentric KAP analytical study took place in two endemic sub-prefectures, one in the savannah zone and the other in the forest in the CAR. All persons aged 15 years and over who agreed to participate were included. Variables relate to community knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding onchocerciasis. Once variables were classified, logistic regression was used to establish the influence of knowledge and attitudes on practice.
Results: Slightly more than ¾ of the respondents had primary or secondary education. Herders and farmers made up half of our respondents. Almost half of respondents had a good knowledge of the disease, its main clinical signs and mode of transmission. Around 80% of respondents had a favourable attitude towards onchocerciasis control. People with a satisfactory level of knowledge practised onchocerciasis control well (ORa=03.82, (2.33-5.41), p=0.001).
Conclusions: Factors associated with a satisfactory level of knowledge were: age, gender and profession. Knowledge had no effect on attitude. However, it does have a positive effect on practice. The national onchocerciasis control programme needs to step up awareness of the disease.
Effect of mutual support in the management of substance abuse among selected adults attending neuropsychiatric hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Adisa Olukorede Patricia , Olaiya Ezekiel Babatunde
Published: January 2025

Background: Substance abuse is increasing at an alarming rate, causing serious threats globally. This study examines the effect of mutual support in the management of substance abuse among selected adults attending Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Nigeria.
Methods: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design conducted among fifty-four patients with substance-induced mental illness. The study was done in the pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention phases. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were subjected to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) edition 27.
Results: There was a significant difference between pre and post-intervention physical improvement of respondents (t53=8.825; p-value= .001). More so, there was a significant difference between pre and post-intervention Social composure of respondents (t53=7.011; p-value= 0.004). And also, there was a significant difference between pre and post-intervention mental stability of respondents (t53=12.093; p-value= 0.003).
Conclusions: The majority of the respondents experienced better physical improvement, social composure and mental stability during post-intervention assessment compared to pre-intervention. This explains that there is a clear adoption of mutual support in the management of mental conditions. It is recommended that mental health nurses adopt mutual support as a tool to help substance abuse patients to attain quick recovery.
Study to explore the primary school student's knowledge, attitude and practice on dengue prevention in Rajshahi City
Authors: Uddin Helal , Shahinul Islam S. M. , Habiba Umme , Bari Abdul
Published: January 2025

Background: Bangladesh, which is in South Asia, has developed into an ideal environment for the dengue vector and its transmission. Effective community involvement is crucial for this on the ground. People's knowledge, understanding, and attitude towards this condition have a big impact on how much they participate. This study aimed of the study was to explore the primary school student's knowledge, attitude and practice on dengue prevention in Rajshahi City.
Methods: This descriptive cross-section study was carried out in Department of Communicable Diseases Control and the duration of the period for 6 months (July 2022 to December 2022). A total of 108 students were participated in the study. Students studying in primary schools in Rajshahi City both male and female were included in the study. Those who were not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Statistical analyses of the results were being obtained by using window-based Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22), where required.
Results: In this study about 54% were male and 46% were female students. 86.1% respondents gathered knowledge from TV, 50.9% from teachers, and 13.9% from their parents. 66.42% said that dengue fever is transmitted from mosquito bite, 21.29% said that dengue fever is transmitted through the air, 1.9% said from blood. 50% had no knowledge about mosquitoes responsible for dengue fever. 95.47% Larva of Aedes Albopictus (containers) at schools and 86.11% at home. This study also found 88.87% Larva of Aedes Aegypti (containers) at schools and 84.26% at home. Among all the respondents 40% had sufficient knowledge and 60% had insufficient knowledge regarding dengue preventiont.
Conclusions: The study's findings demonstrated the significance of the students' basic knowledge of dengue and their living situations for the dengue education programme.
La ciudad de ellas: Experiencias urbanas feministas como proceso de aprendizaje y co-creación en Viña del Mar
Authors: Larrain Salinas Maria Soledad
Published: January 2025

This article draws on research conducted during teaching experiences at the School of Architecture at Universidad Andrés Bello in Viña del Mar from 2022 to 2023. It explores the integration of the gender perspective into urban planning and architectural education. Divided into three stages, it highlights the importance of studying and applying feminist theories, co-creating knowledge as a learning methodology, and exploring the street as a teaching space, emphasizing the need to break away from androcentric viewpoints to highlight the everyday experiences of women and diverse communities within urban contexts. The collective nature of knowledge is underscored, and the article emphasizes the role of education in fostering urban transformation through a gender-sensitive and feminist lens.
Personification of the approaches to reperfusion therapy of ischemic stroke
Authors: Domashenko Maksim A. , Maksimova Marina Yu. , Gafarova Marina E. , Tanashyan Marine M. , Antonova Kseniya V. , Piradov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Systemic thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the gold standard of reperfusion therapy in certainpatients with ischemic stroke during the first 4.5 h after stroke onset.
Objective. To assess the clinical (severity of neurological symptoms) and laboratory (complete blood cell count test) factors that affect the disease prognosis aftersystemic thrombolytic therapy.
Materials and methods. Seventy patients (48 males and 22 females) aged 61 [54; 69] years with ischemic stroke who received systemic thrombolytic therapy withrtPA at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg were prospectively studied. Blood for the complete blood count test including neutrophil and lymphocyte counts was sampled before thethrombolytic therapy. The severity of neurological impairment was assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale. The functional prognosis was assessed 3 months afterstroke using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Markers for the unfavorable prognosis of the acute phase of ischemic stroke (mRS score 3) were revealed by ROCanalysis involving sensitivity and specificity determination.
Results. Severity of neurological symptoms assessed using the NIH scale at admission was 15 [11; 17] points. Time between the manifestation of neurologicalsymptoms and admission to the hospital was 138 [117; 170] min; between admission and initiation of systemic thrombolytic therapy (the door-to-needle time),40 [30; 55] min. An unfavourable functional outcome of systemic thrombolytic therapy can be predicted according to the results of ROC analysis: the NIH score upon admissionbeing 12 or higher (sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 57%); neutrophil count, 7.8109/L (sensitivity, 45.5%; specificity, 90.6%); lymphocyte count, 1.8109/L(sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 59.4%).
Conclusions. The customized approach to systemic thrombolytic therapy can help predict its effectiveness and contribute to elaboration of adequate approachesto patient management. Patients with a potentially unfavourable prognosis for systemic thrombolysis can be the target group for using mechanical reperfusiontechniques such as thrombus extraction.
In-hospital stroke in patients after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Filimonova Polina A. , Volkova L. I. , Alasheev A. M. , Grichuk E. A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Strokes in patients managed at the department of cardiovascular surgery hold a leading position among all in-hospital strokes in multispeciality hospitals. According to the literature, the prevalence of stroke ranges from 0.20.4% for percutaneous cardiac interventions to 16% after heart valve surgeries.
Objective. To reveal the stroke risk factors in patients managed at the department of cardiovascular surgery, including depending on the type of surgical intervention.
Materials and methods. The study group included 58 cases of acute cerebrovascular accidents (ACVA) in patients at the department of cardiovascular surgery, amounting to 30.5% of the total amount of in-hospital strokes recorded over 5 years (20112016).
Results. Ischemic stroke was prevalent in the study group (54 patients; 93.1%, р0.001); four (6.9%) patients had transient ischemic attacks. The largest number of strokes occurred in patients who had undergone heart bypass (23 patients, 41.1%) and heart valve replacement surgeries (25 patients, 44.6%); in 12 (21.4%) patients, ACVA occurred after mitral valve replacement combined with tricuspid annuloplasty. In most cases, stroke developed within the first three days after surgical intervention (36 patients, 64.3%, р0.05).
Conclusions. Patients who had undergone cardiovascular interventions, especially after heart bypass and heart valve replacement surgeries, require hemodynamic monitoring and thromboelastography during the first 3 days to prevent a stroke. Despite the early detection of in-hospital strokes, systemic thrombolytic therapy was contraindicated for all patients. Mechanical thrombus extraction should be treatment of choice for this category of patients.
Prognostic factors for recovery of motor dysfunction following ischemic stroke
Authors: Barkhatov Yury D. , Kadykov Albert S.
Published: January 2025

The problem of searching for the prognostic factors for recovery of motor dysfunction following stroke is very relevant because of the high prevalence of acute cerebrovascular events. The severe disabling sequelae of stroke are associated with the enormous economic burden all over the world, which is aggravated by the lack of customized approaches to rehabilitation with allowance for the clinical data and neuroplastic features of the brain of each individual patient. Although modern diagnostic tools, including neuroimaging, have been introduced, many potential predictors of recovery of functions lost following a cerebrovascular accident still remain to be elucidated or refined. The best-studied prognostic factors for recovery of the functions lost following ischemic stroke are reviewed in this article.
The features of physiological mechanisms of goal-directed activity in epilepsy patients in association with clinical characteristics of the disease
Authors: Zorin Roman A. , Zhadnov Vladimir A. , Lapkin Mikhail M. , Kulikova Natal’ya A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Investigation of systemic organization of goal-directed behavior and analysis of the physiological mechanisms ensuring productive activity in epilepsy patients are the variants of the integrative approach to study the mechanisms of epilepsy.
Objective. To refine the mechanisms of simulated goal-directed activity among epilepsy patients in its relationship with clinical characteristics of the disease.
Materials and methods. A total of 72 virtually healthy persons and 163 epilepsy patients were examined. Seizure frequency, the levels of cognitive and emotional impairments, and the number of administered anticonvulsants were assessed. Electroencephalograms, parameters of visual and auditory evoked potentials, the cognitive evoked P300 potential, parameters of the motor systems, and autonomous maintenance of activity were recorded. Division into groups was performed by clustering analysis using the results of the SchulteGorbov test.
Results. The high- (99 patients) and low-effectiveness (64 patients) groups of epilepsy patients were revealed. The low-effectiveness group of patients was characterized by predominantly symptomatic forms of the diseases. High cross-correlation values, reduced frequencies of EEG alpha oscillations, reduction in the amplitude of the components of visual evoked potentials and the P300 potential, an increase in N2 and P3 peak latency in the low-effectiveness group of epilepsy patients were determined. Increased amplitude of the wave of conditionally negative deviation, slower latency of sensorimotor responses, reduced variability of heart rate, and increased respiratory rate group of patients were observed in this group of patients.
Conclusions. The inadequate performance in epilepsy patients is associated with the reduced activity of specific afferent associative subsystems and mechanisms of motor-based maintenance of performance, as well as with excessive activity of stress-inducing mechanisms, which increases the physiological costs and reduces the effectiveness of simulated activity.
The use of mesenchymal stem cells in optic nerve atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Bisaga Gennadiy N. , Kovalenko Anzhelika V. , Isaeva Galina E. , Kovalenko Igor' Yu. , Novitsky Andrey V. , Litvinenko Igor V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Cellular therapy of multiple sclerosis is currently considered to be one of the most promising treatment alternatives for this severe pathology of the nervous system.
Materials and Methods. Two patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) complicated by partial optic nerve atrophy (ONA) caused by bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis received treatment using autologous multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were derived by bone marrow aspiration/biopsy followed by isolation, culturing, and cryostorage. MSCs were administered in compliance with the developed protocol by short-term intravenous infusion of resuspension solution of 5% glucose supplemented with 10% autoserum at a dose of 2.0106/kg body weight in combination with local parabulbar administration of MSCs at a dose of 10106 once per month during 4 months. The control group consisted of 2 patients of the same age with RRMS with partial ONA of the same severity who received background (metabolic and glucocorticoid) therapy.
Results. Neurological and neuro-ophthalmological examination was carried out before and 6 months after treatment. The pilot study performed demonstrated that the elaborated protocol for MSC therapy is safe and, according to the preliminary data, therapy was characterized by moderate clinical effectiveness in incurable patients with RRMS and ONA.
Conclusions. The findings make it possible to broaden the range of clinical studies focused on cellular therapy for multiple sclerosis.
The change in androgenic status in men with atherothrombotic stroke
Authors: Maksimova Marina Yu. , Moskvicheva Aleksandra S. , Chechetkin Andrey O.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Last years special attention is paid to the age-related and gender aspects of pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease.
Objective. To investigate the androgenic status in men with atherothrombotic stroke.
Materials and methods. There were 25 man, involved in our study (mean age 53 [45; 57]) with atherothrombotic stroke in carotid system, who were observed for the initial 48 hours since the development of neurological symptoms. The laboratory study included the estimation of blood lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism and androginic status beside the general blood analysis and clinical urine examination. The level of free testosterone was determined by the calculation method using a nomogram according to Vermeulen (normal range 225 pmol/l or more). The levels of luteinizing hormone (normal range 2,511,0 U/l) (for exclusion primary hypogonadizme), the levels of testosterone (normal range 11,033,3 nM) and estradiol (normal range 73-206 pmol/l) were determined on an automatic chemiluminescent analyzer. Hypogonadizme was diagnosed by the level of total testosterone 12 nM or the level of free testosterone 225 pmol/l. The 14 patients (mean age 55 [49; 59]) with a chronical cerebrovascular insufficiency and without laboratory signs of lipid storage disease and carbohydrate metabolism disorder or age-related hypogonadizme composed a comparison group.
Results. The laboratory signs of androgen deficiency were detected by 72% patients with atherothrombotic stroke. Correlation link was established between androgenic deficit (total testosterone not less than 12 nM), diabetes mellitus type II (r=0.514, р=0.008) and alcohol overuse (r=0.535, р=0.033). A negative correlation relationship was established between the level of free testosterone and the body-weight index (r=0.442, р=0.022). The lowest levels of total and free testosterone, Ме 7.2 [4.2; 9.8] nM and 135 [59; 181] pmol/l respectively, were observed in a group of patients with a combination of atherothrombotic stroke and metabolic syndrome. There was no statistically significant correlation of acquired hypogonadism and blood lipid levels.
Conclusion. The laboratory signs of acquired androgenic deficit were revealed in 72% of men (mean age 53.0 [45; 57]) with atherothrombotic stroke. The lowest values of total and free testosterone were observed in patients with the syndrome of multiple metabolic disorders.
Markers of connective tissue dysplasia in cervical artery dissection and its predisposing factors
Authors: Gubanova Maria V. , Kalashnikova Lyudmila A. , Dobrynina Larisa A. , Shamtieva Кamila V. , Berdalin Aleksandr B.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is the most frequent cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Arterial wall dysplasia underlies its weakness and predisposes to dissection.
Objective. To assess clinical signs of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) in patients with CeAD using special criteria of CTD, and to evaluate predisposing factors for the CeAD development.
Materials and methods. We examined 80 patients (mean age 38,513,5; 49 females) with CeAD, verified by MRI/MRA and20 healthy volunteers. We estimated 48 signs of CTD included in the Villefranche diagnostic criteria for the vascular type of EhlersDanlos syndrome, the Ghent criteria for Marfan syndrome, the Beighton criteria of joint hypermobility and some others, as well as history of headache. Each sign was counted as present or absent, yielding the individual and mean CTD group scores.
Results. Clinical CTD signs were more frequently detected in patients with CeAD than in controls (mean score 7.9 3.6 vs. 4.6 2.5; p 0.0039). Significant signs (more than 8 points) were present in 53% of patients. Regression analysis was performed to determine diagnostic-prognostic value of CTD signs. The main diagnostic criteria included history of headache (p=0.022), arterial hypotension (р=0.012), extensive bruising (р=0.011), and widened atrophic scars (р=0.019). The additional diagnostic criteria included translucent skin (р=0.034), high palate (р=0.034), predisposition to constipation (р=0.050), nasal bleeding (р=0.043), and blue sclera (р=0.050). In the presence of the 4 main and 2 additional criteria, the predictive value of dissection according to regression model is 7577% (ROC analysis: AUC 0.90, 95% CI, 0.840.96). Most patients 97% had various predisposing factors of CeAD development, either isolated 47% or combined 50%.
Conclusions. The presence of the 4 main and 2 additional diagnostic criteria of CTD has a high predictive value of CeAD and can be used as its diagnostic-prognostic criteria. Dissection of the arterial wall with signs of dysplasia is provoked by various additional factors.
Ischemic stroke and inherited thrombophilias
Authors: Pizova Natalia V.
Published: January 2025

In this review the impact of the most common thrombophilias on the risk of ischemic stroke and atherothrombosis is thoroughly analyzed. The functional role of different -fibrinogen genotypes was reviewed and their correlations with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, brachiocephalic artery atherosclerosis and arterial hypertension are evaluated. In addition, associations of stroke with key genetic factors such as the Leyden mutation (factor V), mutations in the genes of prothrombin, PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor), glycoprotein IIIa, etc. are assessed. Results of the authors own works on the occurrence of various inherited thrombophilias in a group of 43 patients with ischemic stroke of undefined origin are presented.
A clinical case of the intervertebral disc rehydration after dynamic transpedicular fixation using nitinol rods
Authors: Poltorako Yekaterina N. , Gushcha Artem O. , Dreval Maxim D. , Kascheyev Alexey A. , Arestov Sergey O. , Vershinin Andrey V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The clinical case of a patient with a generalized degenerative lesion of the lumbar spine in combination with clinical and radiological signs of the adjacent disk syndrome is presented in the article.
Materials and methods. The patient turned to the neurosurgical department of the Research Center of Neurology with complaints of low back pain with irradiation on the external surface of the left leg, and numbness in this area. In the anamnesis: microsurgical removal of the HIVD at the levels L4L5 and L5S1. According to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a disc herniation and according to functional radiography signs of instability were revealed at the level of L3L4. In order to prevent further progression of the degenerative cascade, the patient underwent surgical intervention dynamic transpedicular fixation with nitinol rods, a metal with shape memory effect. At pre- and postoperative periods we performed clinical evaluation (VAS pain scale, Oswestry quality of life assessment, modified Macnub scale), MRI of the lumbar spine (an analysis of the fixed and adjacent segments degeneration extent according to Pfirman classification), and functional radiography (estimation of the range of motion in the fixed and adjacent segments).
Results. We observed a significant reduction in back pain, a complete regression of leg pain and an improvement in the quality of life compared to the preoperative level. Twelve months after the surgery, on the MRI scan we observed signs of rehydration and regeneration on a fixed segment and the absence of acceleration of degeneration on adjacent segments