bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting ARID1A-mutant colorectal cancer: depletion of ARID1B increases radiosensitivity and modulates DNA damage response
Authors: Niedermaier B. , Sak A. , Zernickel E. , Xu Shan , Groneberg M. , Stuschke M.
Published: December 2019

The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex has been found mutated in a wide range of human cancers, causing alterations in gene expression patterns, proliferation and DNA damage response that have been linked to poor clinical prognosis. Here, we investigated weather knockdown of ARID1B, one of two mutually exclusive subunits within the SWI/SNF complex, can sensitize colorectal cancer cell lines mutated in the other subunit, ARID1A, to ionizing radiation (IR). ARID1A-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines are selectively sensitized to IR after siRNA mediated ARID1B depletion, as measured by clonogenic survival. This is characterized by a decrease in the surviving cell fraction to 87.3% ± 2.1%, 86.0% ± 1.1% and 77.2% ± 1.5% per 1 Gy compared with control siRNA exposed cells in the dose range of 0–6 Gy for the LS180, RKO and SW48 lines, respectively (p < 0.0001, F-test). The magnitude of this dose modifying effect was significantly larger in ARID1A mutated than in non-mutated cell lines (Spearman rank correlation rs = 0.88, p = 0.02). Furthermore, initial formation of RAD51 foci at 4 h after IR, as a measure for homologous recombination repair, was significantly reduced in ARID1A-mutant CRC cell lines but not in the majority of wildtype lines nor in fibroblasts. These findings open up perspectives for targeting ARID1B in combination with radiotherapy to improve outcomes of patients with ARID1A-mutant CRC.
Machine Learning based Analytical Framework for Automatic Hyperspectral Raman Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Baliyan Ankur , Imai Hideto
Published: December 2019

The intelligence to synchronously identify multiple spectral signatures in a lithium-ion battery electrode (LIB) would facilitate the usage of analytical technique for inline quality control and product development. Here, we present an analytical framework (AF) to automatically identify the existing spectral signatures in the hyperspectral Raman dataset of LIB electrodes. The AF is entirely automated and requires fewer or almost no human assistance. The end-to-end pipeline of AF own the following features; (i) intelligently pre-processing the hyperspectral Raman dataset to eliminate the cosmic noise and baseline, (ii) extract all the reliable spectral signatures from the hyperspectral dataset and assign the class labels, (iii) training a neural network (NN) on to the precisely “labelled” spectral signature, and finally, examined the interoperability/reusability of already trained NN on to the newly measured dataset taken from the same LIB specimen or completely different LIB specimen for inline real-time analytics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively assess the capacity degradation of LIB via a capacity retention coefficient that can be calculated by comparing the LMO signatures extracted by the analytical framework (AF). The present approach is suited for real-time vibrational spectroscopy based industrial applications; multicomponent chemical reactions, chromatographic, spectroscopic mixtures, and environmental monitoring.
Somatic mutation signatures in primary liver tumors of workers exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Goerlitz David S. , Blancato Jan , Ramesh Archana , Islam Md. , Graham Garrett T. , Revina Valentina , Kallakury Bhaskar , Zeck Jay , Kirillova Evgeniya , Loffredo Christopher A.
Published: December 2019

Liver cancer is associated with genetic mutations caused by environmental exposures, including occupational exposure to alpha radiation emitted by plutonium. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to characterize somatic mutations in 3 histologically distinct primary liver tumors (angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) from Mayak worker subjects occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) to investigate the contribution of IR to the mutational landscape of liver cancer. DNA sequence analysis revealed these tumors harbor an excess of deletions, with a deletions:substitutions ratio similar to that previously reported in radiation-associated tumors. These tumors were also enriched for clustered mutations, a signature of radiation exposure. Multiple tumors displayed similarities in abrogated gene pathways including actin cytoskeletal signaling and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. WES identified novel candidate driver genes in ASL involved in angiogenesis and PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR signaling. We confirmed known driver genes of CCA, and identified candidate driver genes involved in chromatin remodeling. In HCC tumors we validated known driver genes, and identified novel putative driver genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, chromatin remodeling, PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR signaling, and angiogenesis. This pilot study identifies several novel candidate driver mutations that are likely to be caused by IR exposure, and provides the first data on the mutational landscape of liver cancer after IR exposure.
Identifying Ear Abnormality from 2D Photographs Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Hallac Rami R. , Lee Jeon , Pressler Mark , Seaward James R. , Kane Alex A.
Published: December 2019

Quantifying ear deformity using linear measurements and mathematical modeling is difficult due to the ear’s complex shape. Machine learning techniques, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are well-suited for this role. CNNs are deep learning methods capable of finding complex patterns from medical images, automatically building solution models capable of machine diagnosis. In this study, we applied CNN to automatically identify ear deformity from 2D photographs. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained for this retrospective study to train and test the CNNs. Photographs of patients with and without ear deformity were obtained as standard of care in our photography studio. Profile photographs were obtained for one or both ears. A total of 671 profile pictures were used in this study including: 457 photographs of patients with ear deformity and 214 photographs of patients with normal ears. Photographs were cropped to the ear boundary and randomly divided into training (60%), validation (20%), and testing (20%) datasets. We modified the softmax classifier in the last layer in GoogLeNet, a deep CNN, to generate an ear deformity detection model in Matlab. All images were deemed of high quality and usable for training and testing. It took about 2 hours to train the system and the training accuracy reached almost 100%. The test accuracy was about 94.1%. We demonstrate that deep learning has a great potential in identifying ear deformity. These machine learning techniques hold the promise in being used in the future to evaluate treatment outcomes.
Population pharmacokinetics of afatinib and exposure-safety relationships in Japanese patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nakao Keiko , Kobuchi Shinji , Marutani Shuhei , Iwazaki Ayano , Tamiya Akihiro , Isa Shunichi , Okishio Kyoichi , Kanazu Masaki , Tamiya Motohiro , Hirashima Tomonori , Imai Kimie , Sakaeda Toshiyuki , Atagi Shinji
Published: December 2019

To investigate the exposure–safety relationships of afatinib in Japanese population, we performed population pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis of afatinib in Japanese advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. Plasma samples were collected at 0.5–1, 2–3, 8–12, and 24 h after oral afatinib (40 mg) administration on day 1 and day 8. Plasma afatinib concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Data was analyzed following the population approach and using the software Phoenix® NLMETM Version 7.0 software (Certara USA, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA). From 34 patients, a total of 354 afatinib plasma concentration values were available for the population PK analysis. Significant covariates in the population PK model included aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine clearance on CL/F, and age and body mass index on V/F. Results of simulation based on final PK model indicated that hepatic impairment had a significant effect on afatinib levels in plasma after multiple dosing. Afatinib trough plasma concentrations on day 8 were higher in patients with adverse events of grade 3 or higher. The population PK analysis showed that hepatic impairment affected afatinib PK parameters and contributed to the high inter-patient variability and high plasma concentrations of afatinib following multiple treatments.
Frequentist and Bayesian approaches for food allergen risk assessment: risk outcome and uncertainty comparisons
Authors: Birot Sophie , Crépet Amélie , Remington Benjamin C. , Madsen Charlotte B. , Kruizinga Astrid G. , Baumert Joseph L. , Brockhoff Per B.
Published: December 2019

Peer-reviewed probabilistic methods already predict the probability of an allergic reaction resulting from an accidental exposure to food allergens, however, the methods calculate it in different ways. The available methods utilize the same three major input parameters in the risk model: the risk is estimated from the amount of food consumed, the concentration of allergen in the contaminated product and the distribution of thresholds among allergic persons. However, consensus is lacking about the optimal method to estimate the risk of allergic reaction and the associated uncertainty. This study aims to compare estimation of the risk of allergic reaction and associated uncertainty using different methods and suggest improvements. Four cases were developed based on the previous publications and the risk estimations were compared. The risk estimation was found to agree within 0.5% with the different simulation cases. Finally, an uncertainty analysis method is also presented in order to evaluate the uncertainty propagation from the input parameters to the risk.
Transcriptome-wide Profiling of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Patients Reveal Important Long noncoding RNA molecular signatures
Authors: Subhash Santhilal , Kalmbach Norman , Wegner Florian , Petri Susanne , Glomb Torsten , Dittrich-Breiholz Oliver , Huang Caiquan , Bali Kiran Kumar , Kunz Wolfram S. , Samii Amir , Bertalanffy Helmut , Kanduri Chandrasekhar , Kar Souvik
Published: December 2019

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are low-flow vascular malformations in the brain associated with recurrent hemorrhage and seizures. The current treatment of CCMs relies solely on surgical intervention. Henceforth, alternative non-invasive therapies are urgently needed to help prevent subsequent hemorrhagic episodes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to the class of non-coding RNAs and are known to regulate gene transcription and involved in chromatin remodeling via various mechanism. Despite accumulating evidence demonstrating the role of lncRNAs in cerebrovascular disorders, their identification in CCMs pathology remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify lncRNAs associated with CCMs pathogenesis using patient cohorts having 10 CCM patients and 4 controls from brain. Executing next generation sequencing, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis and identified 1,967 lncRNAs and 4,928 protein coding genes (PCGs) to be differentially expressed in CCMs patients. Among these, we selected top 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs each having significant correlative expression with more than 100 differentially expressed PCGs. The differential expression status of the top lncRNAs, SMIM25 and LBX2-AS1 in CCMs was further confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis of correlated PCGs revealed critical pathways related to vascular signaling and important biological processes relevant to CCMs pathophysiology. Here, by transcriptome-wide approach we demonstrate that lncRNAs are prevalent in CCMs disease and are likely to play critical roles in regulating important signaling pathways involved in the disease progression. We believe, that detailed future investigations on this set of identified lncRNAs can provide useful insights into the biology and, ultimately, contribute in preventing this debilitating disease.
Use of Nutrition and Health Claims and Symbols on Prepacked Foods in Europe: From Consumer Exposure to Public Health Implications
Authors: Pravst Igor , Kušar Anita , Miklavec Krista , Hieke Sophie , Raats Monique , Rayner Mike
Published: December 2019

Nutrition and health claims can help consumers identify foods that are healthier. The pan-European CLYMBOL study found that 21% of prepacked foods carry nutrition claims while health claims were found on 11% of foods, mostly in the form of general (non-specific) health claims. However, foods carrying claims had only marginally better nutritional quality than those that did not. Assessment of food labelling information was also conducted, revealing major issues related to the use of nutrition and health claims. The development of food labels is an important step in delivery of prepacked foods that needs more attention from food manufacturers. CLYMBOL recommended that food business operators should ensure that nutrition and health claims are not used on foods with unfavourable nutrition composition. Good practice was shown by some producers through the introduction of internal nutrition profiles to limit use of claims to healthier foods. Additionally, statements on non-specific benefits of a product for overall good health or health-related well-being need to be used with care. Such statements can be helpful for consumers, as they convey more consumer-friendly messages than many authorised claims, but these can also be misunderstood, misleading consumers about potential health benefits.
Cu(ii)-TACN complexes selectively induce antitumor activity in HepG-2 cells via DNA damage and mitochondrial-ROS-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Liu Ming , Song Xue-Qing , Wu Yuan-Di , Qian Jing , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: December 2019

A novel 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivative (btacn), and its related copper complexes, Cu(btacn)Cl2 and [Cu(btacn)2]·(ClO4)2, exhibit potent anti-proliferation activity towards HepG-2 and HeLa cells, but low cytotoxicity towards normal cell lines.
Low-temperature synthesis of nanoscale ferromagnetic α′-MnB
Authors: Klemenz S. , Fries M. , Dürrschnabel M. , Skokov K. , Kleebe H.-J. , Gutfleisch O. , Albert B.
Published: December 2019

Bottom-up synthesis of α′-MnB reveals semi-hard ferromagnetic properties of the nano-particles.
Structural variability of pendant groups within the interlayer region of zirconium arene-phosph(on)ates: chemical and structural characterization of oxy- and methyl-linked 2-naphthyl phosphonates, and mixed oxy-linked derivatives
Authors: Amicangelo Jay C. , Leenstra Willem R.
Published: December 2019

Zirconium phosph(on)ates containing naphthalene moieties have been synthesized and in one compound, conformational variations with 2-methylnaphthyl groups result in distinct resonances in the solid state 31P NMR spectrum.
Photophysical properties of some novel tetraphenylimidazole derived BODIPY based fluorescent molecular rotors
Authors: Dwivedi Bhupendra Kumar , Singh Vishwa Deepak , Kumar Yogesh , Pandey Daya Shankar
Published: December 2019

In this work, we present tetraphenylimidazole-based BODIPYs (HPIB1–HPIB4) as fluorescent molecular rotors exhibiting aggregation induced emission, solid state fluorescence and appreciable sensitivity towards viscosity.
Thorium(iv) and uranium(vi) compounds of cucurbit[10]uril: from a one-dimensional nanotube to a supramolecular framework
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Lu Kimbal , Liu Ming , Karatchevtseva Inna , Tao Zhu , Wei Gang
Published: December 2019

The reactions of thorium(iv) and uranium(vi) ions with Q[10] have been investigated with two new compounds being synthesized and characterized.
Facile oxidative addition of O2 and S8 by an indium bis(carbene) analogue
Authors: Desat Marcella E. , Kretschmer Robert
Published: December 2019

Oxidative addition of O2 by an indium bis(carbene) analogue gives rise to an unusual In4O2 species while with S8 a In4S4 macrocycle is obtained.
Effects of carbon sources on 17 beta-estradiol degradation by Sphingomonas sp. and the analysis of the involved intracellular metabolomics
Authors: Li Changwei , Kong Xianwang , Lan Lihua , Tadda Musa Abubakar , Liu Dezhao
Published: December 2019

17β-estradiol (E2) ubiquitously exists in various water bodies with long-term endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic impacts on wildlife even at the trace level of ng L−1.
Beneficial effects of combination therapy of phloretin and metformin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and improved insulin sensitivity in vitro
Authors: Shen Xin , Wang Libin , Zhou Nan , Gai Shouchang , Liu Xueying , Zhang Shengyong
Published: December 2019

Phloretin combined with metformin ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism in STZ-induced T2D rats via AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathways.
Effects ofClostridium butyricumandEnterococcus faecalison growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids, and intestinal flora in a piglet model
Authors: Wang Kangli , Cao Guangtian , Zhang Haoran , Li Qing , Yang Caimei
Published: December 2019

We investigated the effects ofClostridium butyricumandEnterococcus faecalis(probiotics) in a piglet model.
Nicotinamide riboside alleviates alcohol-induced depression-like behaviours in C57BL/6J mice by altering the intestinal microbiota associated with microglial activation and BDNF expression
Authors: Jiang Yushan , Liu Ying , Gao Mingqing , Xue Meilan , Wang Zilong , Liang Hui
Published: December 2019

NR treatment could protect against mice's alcohol-related depression-like behaviours, possibly by altering the composition of the gut microbiota.
In vitrodigestion of galactolipids from chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) of postharvest, pea vine field residue (haulm) and spinach leaves
Authors: Wattanakul Jutarat , Sahaka Moulay , Amara Sawsan , Mansor Syamila , Gontero Brigitte , Carrière Frédéric , Gray David
Published: December 2019

The galactolipase activity of pancreatic juice, pancreatic extracts and a purified PLRP2 (GPLRP2) on chloroplast-rich fractions from whole plant materials underin vitrocondition was measured.
Controlling wettability, wet strength, and fluid transport selectivity of nanopaper with atomic layer deposited (ALD) sub-nanometer metal oxide coatings
Authors: Li Yi , Chen Lihua , Wooding Jamie P. , Zhang Fengyi , Lively Ryan P. , Ramprasad Rampi , Losego Mark D.
Published: December 2019

“A few cycles” (<10 cycles) of atomic layer deposition (ALD) can make nanopaper hydrophobic and improve its wet strength and durability.
Room-temperature solution-phase epitaxial nucleation of PbS quantum dots on rutile TiO2 (100)
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Bonn Mischa , Cánovas Enrique
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate epitaxial nucleation of QDs onto titania by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method at room temperature.
Negative capacitance switching in size-modulated Fe3O4nanoparticles with spontaneous non-stoichiometry: confronting its generalized origin in non-ferroelectric materials
Authors: Bhattacharjee Souvik , Banerjee Anibrata , Mazumder Nilesh , Chanda Kausik , Sarkar Saikat , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: December 2019

Using phasor diagrams, a generalized theory is proposed to classify the mechanisms of negative capacitance in distinct materials, apart from Landau ferroelectrics.
The synthesis of switch-off fluorescent water-stable copper nanocluster Hg2+ sensors via a simple one-pot approach by an in situ metal reduction strategy in the presence of a thiolated polymer ligand template
Authors: Benavides Jesús , Quijada-Garrido Isabel , García Olga
Published: December 2019

Highly bright yellow/green, water-stable and smart copper-polymer nanohybrids were synthesized via a one-pot approach through a facile, low-cost and efficient assembly strategy.
Optical properties of symmetry-breaking tetrahedral nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Peng , Paria Debadrita , Wang Haitao , Li Ming , Barman Ishan
Published: December 2019

Tetrahedral nanoparticles are found to support counterintuitive extinction spectral splitting behavior owing to symmetry breaking and mediated by geometric roundness.
Hierarchical heterostructure of SnO2 confined on CuS nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Wang Xiang , Lv Jing , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Xiao-Li , Xue Chaozhuang , Bian Guoqing , Li Dongsheng , Wang Ying , Wu Tao
Published: December 2019

Hierarchical heterostructure of SnO2 confined on ultrathin CuS nanosheets for efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Highly efficient N2 fixation catalysts: transition-metal carbides M2C (MXenes)
Authors: Wang Shuo , Li Bo , Li Lei , Tian Ziqi , Zhang Qiuju , Chen Liang , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: December 2019

Two hypothetical M2C MXenes (Mn2C and Fe2C) are predict to exhibit the lowest limiting potential in NRR among all the 3d, 4d and 5d-TM MXenes considered due to the spin-split d orbital rule in electron donation and back donation in TM-N2 interaction.
Recent applications of chiral phosphoric acids in palladium catalysis
Authors: Tran Van T. , Nimmagadda Sri Krishna , Liu Mingyu , Engle Keary M.
Published: December 2019

A variety of catalytic asymmetric reactions have been realized during the past decade through the combined action of palladium and chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs). This review surveys key examples and examines the underlying mechanisms of stereoinduction.
Base-mediated intramolecular one-pot double-cyclization of epoxide-tethered 2-fluorobenzenesulfonamides: an avenue to 1,4-benzoxazine-fused benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides
Authors: Das Jonali , Borah Biraj Jyoti , Das Sajal Kumar
Published: December 2019

A regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant 1,4-benzoxazine-fused benzothiaoxazepine-1,1-dioxides has been achieved under transition metal-free mild reaction conditions.
2-Substituted 2′-deoxyinosine 5′-triphosphates as substrates for polymerase synthesis of minor-groove-modified DNA and effects on restriction endonuclease cleavage
Authors: Matyašovský Ján , Hocek Michal
Published: December 2019

Enzymatic synthesis of DNA modified in the minor groove and study of its post-synthetic transformations and cleavage by restriction endonucleases.
Multiarm star polymers based on thiol–ene photoclick cyclodextrin cores
Authors: Yi Yi
Published: December 2019

Highly efficient synthesis of multifunctional initiators based on cyclodextrin (CD) cores was achieved by a thiol–ene photoclick strategy. They were successfully employed in a “core-first” approach to prepare multiarm star polymers via ATRP.
Additive manufacture of lightly crosslinked semicrystalline thiol–enes for enhanced mechanical performance
Authors: Childress Kimberly K. , Alim Marvin D. , Hernandez Juan J. , Stansbury Jeffrey W. , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: December 2019

Semicrystalline crosslinked thiol–ene networks achieved rapid polymerization kinetics, and mechanical properties substantially improved from the linear thiol–ene thermoplastic.
Hyperbranched multiple polythioamides made from elemental sulfur for mercury adsorption
Authors: Yasin Akram , Chen Yurong , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Letao , Zan Xingjie , Zhang Yagang
Published: December 2019

Different from traditional polyethylenimine (PEI) modified Hg(ii) adsorbent materials, a novel hyperbranched polythioamide adsorbent (SPD) was prepared by using sulfur, PEI and 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) as monomers.
Liquid amphiphilic polymer for effective airborne dust suppression
Authors: Lee Taehee , Park Junhyeok , Knoff David S. , Kim Kwangmin , Kim Minkyu
Published: December 2019

Biocompatible liquid amphiphilic polymers significantly reduce airborne dust emissions by prolonging moist conditions at dust sources and enhancing interactions between dust particles.
Glycyrrhetinic acid modified and pH-sensitive mixed micelles improve the anticancer effect of curcumin in hepatoma carcinoma cells
Authors: Song Jizheng , Liu Yuling , Lin Longfei , Zhao Ye , Wang Xiuqing , Zhong Ming , Xie Tanggui , Luo Yuting , Li Shaojing , Yang Ruocong , Li Hui
Published: December 2019

Curcumin (CUR), a natural polyphenolic compound existing in plants, exhibits anticancer potential in inhibiting the growth of various types of human cancer.
Synthesis of novel polycarbonyl Schiff bases by ring-opening reaction of ethyl 5-acyl-4-pyrone-2-carboxylates with primary mono- and diamines
Authors: Obydennov D. L. , Khammatova L. R. , Steben'kov V. D. , Sosnovskikh V. Y.
Published: December 2019

An approach for the introduction of the tricarbonyl moiety into various amines has been developed based on acylpyrones.
Fabrication of stable superabsorbent hydrogels for successful removal of crystal violet from waste water
Authors: Rehman Tanzil Ur , Bibi Samia , Khan Mansoor , Ali Ijaz , Shah Luqman Ali , Khan Abbas , Ateeq Muhammad
Published: December 2019

Smart superabsorbent hydrogels consisting of acrylamide/sodium alginate (AS), acrylamide/sodium alginate/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (ASAx, x = amount of AMPS) were synthesized via free radical polymerization.
Temperature dependence of the interfacial bonding characteristics of silica/styrene butadiene rubber composites: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Luo Yanlong , Liu Haobei , Xiang Bo , Chen Xianling , Yang Wei , Luo Zhenyang
Published: December 2019

Temperature dependence of the interface between silica and styrene butadiene rubber modified by 3-mercaptopropionic acid was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.
Sulfamic acid promoted one-pot multicomponent reaction: a facile synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles under ball milling conditions
Authors: Lambat Trimurti L. , Abdala Ahmed A. , Mahmood Sami , Ledade Pankaj V. , Chaudhary Ratiram G. , Banerjee Subhash
Published: December 2019

We report an efficient and facile one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles using sulfamic acid under ball milling conditions.
Exploiting a multicomponent domino reaction strategy for the tailoring of versatile environmentally sensitive fluorophore-based nicotinonitriles incorporating pyrene and fluorene moieties
Authors: Hussein Essam M. , El Guesmi Nizar , Ahmed Saleh A.
Published: December 2019

A simplistic and highly effective protocol for the synthesis of a new class of poly-functionalized innovative nicotinonitriles incorporating pyrene and/or fluorene moieties has been developed through the domino four-component condensation reaction.
In vivo therapeutic response monitoring by a self-reporting upconverting covalent organic framework nanoplatform
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhou Fang , Guan Kesong , Wang Youjuan , Fu Xiaoyi , Yang Yue , Yin Xia , Song Guosheng , Zhang Xiao-Bing , Tan Weihong
Published: December 2019

An upconverting covalent organic framework nanoplatform is designed for the first time for the near-infrared activated in situ self-reporting of photodynamic therapy in vivo.
Biomimetic nanochannels for the discrimination of sialylated glycans via a tug-of-war between glycan binding and polymer shrinkage
Authors: Li Minmin , Xiong Yuting , Wang Dongdong , Liu Yunhai , Na Bing , Qin Haijuan , Liu Jinxuan , Liang Xinmiao , Qing Guangyan
Published: December 2019

A glycan-responsive polymer-modified nanochannels system enables the precise discrimination of sialylated glycan linkage isomers via the different “OFF–ON” changes resulting from a “tug-of-war” between polymer-glycan binding and polymer shrinkage.
An umpolung approach to the hydroboration of pyridines: a novel and efficient synthesis of N-H 1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Yang Huan , Zhang Li , Zhou Fei-Yu , Jiao Lei
Published: December 2019

Umpolung of pyridine hydroboration was achieved by the reaction between pyridine and diboron(4) with a base and a proton source.
Single-molecule nanopore sensing of actin dynamics and drug binding
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Wilkinson Mark D. , Lin Xiaoyan , Ren Ren , Willison Keith R. , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Baum Jake , Edel Joshua B.
Published: December 2019

Nanopipettes were used for real-time investigation into actin dynamics and drug binding at single-molecule resolution, showing promise for a better understanding of the mechanism of protein–protein interactions and drug discovery.
Infrared spectroscopy for carboxylic acid and phenol determination in biocrude and its derived products
Authors: Carbognani Ortega Lante A. , Rodriguez Guerrero Julie K. , Ferreira Erika Scheele , Arambarri Josune Carbognani , Bartolini Monica , Pereira-Almao Pedro R.
Published: December 2019

A feasible tool for determination of TAN and carboxylic/phenolic compound content (molar and wt%) was developed based on IR analysis of biocrude oil and its derived upgraded products as well as their distillation cuts.
Solubility behaviour of random and gradient copolymers of di- and oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate in water: effect of various additives
Authors: Bozorg Maryam , Hankiewicz Birgit , Abetz Volker
Published: December 2019

Gradient copolymers of oligo(ethylene oxide)methacrylates in water show different solubility behaviour in the presence of additives from their random analogue.
Upgraded antennas for pulsar observations in the Argentine Institute of Radio astronomy
Authors: Gancio G. , Lousto C. O. , Combi L. , del Palacio S. , López Armengol F. G. , Combi J. A. , García F. , Kornecki P. , Müller A. L. , Gutiérrez E. , Hauscarriaga F. , Mancuso G. C.
Published: December 2019

Context. The Argentine Institute of Radio astronomy (IAR) is equipped with two single-dish 30 m radio antennas capable of performing daily observations of pulsars and radio transients in the southern hemisphere at 1.4 GHz.

Aims. We aim to introduce to the international community the upgrades performed and to show that the IAR observatory has become suitable for investigations in numerous areas of pulsar radio astronomy, such as pulsar timing arrays, targeted searches of continuous gravitational waves sources, monitoring of magnetars and glitching pulsars, and studies of a short time scale interstellar scintillation.

Methods. We refurbished the two antennas at IAR to achieve high-quality timing observations. We gathered more than 1000 h of observations with both antennas in order to study the timing precision and sensitivity they can achieve.

Results. We introduce the new developments for both radio telescopes at IAR. We present daily observations of the millisecond pulsar J0437−4715 with timing precision better than 1 μs. We also present a follow-up of the reactivation of the magnetar XTE J1810–197 and the measurement and monitoring of the latest (Feb. 1, 2019) glitch of the Vela pulsar (J0835–4510).

Conclusions. We show that IAR is capable of performing pulsar monitoring in the 1.4 GHz radio band for long periods of time with a daily cadence. This opens up the possibility of pursuing several goals in pulsar science, including coordinated multi-wavelength observations with other observatories. In particular, daily observations of the millisecond pulsar J0437−4715 would increase the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays. We also show IAR’s great potential for studying targets of opportunity and transient phenomena, such as magnetars, glitches, and fast-radio-burst sources.
Nonequilibrium ionization and ambipolar diffusion in solar magnetic flux emergence processes
Authors: Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Moreno-Insertis F. , Martínez-Sykora J. , Carlsson M. , Szydlarski M.
Published: December 2019

Context.Magnetic flux emergence from the solar interior has been shown to be a key mechanism for unleashing a wide variety of phenomena. However, there are still open questions concerning the rise of the magnetized plasma through the atmosphere, mainly in the chromosphere, where the plasma departs from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and is partially ionized.

Aims.We aim to investigate the impact of the nonequilibrium (NEQ) ionization and recombination and molecule formation of hydrogen, as well as ambipolar diffusion, on the dynamics and thermodynamics of the flux emergence process.

Methods.Using the radiation-magnetohydrodynamic Bifrost code, we performed 2.5D numerical experiments of magnetic flux emergence from the convection zone up to the corona. The experiments include the NEQ ionization and recombination of atomic hydrogen, the NEQ formation and dissociation of H2molecules, and the ambipolar diffusion term of the generalized Ohm’s law.

Results.Our experiments show that the LTE assumption substantially underestimates the ionization fraction in most of the emerged region, leading to an artificial increase in the ambipolar diffusion and, therefore, in the heating and temperatures as compared to those found when taking the NEQ effects on the hydrogen ion population into account. We see that LTE also overestimates the number density of H2molecules within the emerged region, thus mistakenly magnifying the exothermic contribution of the H2molecule formation to the thermal energy during the flux emergence process. We find that the ambipolar diffusion does not significantly affect the amount of total unsigned emerged magnetic flux, but it is important in the shocks that cross the emerged region, heating the plasma on characteristic times ranging from 0.1 to 100 s. We also briefly discuss the importance of including elements heavier than hydrogen in the equation of state so as not to overestimate the role of ambipolar diffusion in the atmosphere.
Analysis of the Morley element for the Cahn–Hilliard equation and the Hele-Shaw flow
Authors: Wu Shuonan , Li Yukun
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes the Morley element method for the Cahn–Hilliard equation. The objective is to prove the numerical interfaces of the Morley element method approximate the Hele-Shaw flow. It is achieved by establishing the optimal error estimates which depend on 1/ε polynomially, and the error estimates should be established from lower norms to higher norms progressively. If the higher norm error bound is derived by choosing test function directly, we cannot obtain the optimal error order, and we cannot establish the error bound which depends on 1/ε polynomially either. Different from the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) space [Feng et al. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 54 (2016) 825–847], the Morley element space does not contain the finite element space as a subspace such that the projection theory does not work. The enriching theory is used in this paper to overcome this difficulty, and some nonstandard techniques are combined in the process such as the a priori estimates of the exact solution u, integration by parts in space, summation by parts in time, and special properties of the Morley elements. If one of these techniques is lacked, either we can only obtain the sub-optimal piecewise L∞(H2) error order, or we can merely obtain the error bounds which are exponentially dependent on 1/ε. Numerical results are presented to validate the optimal L∞(H2) error order and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the Cahn–Hilliard equation.
Computation of the magnetic potential induced by a collection of spherical particles using series expansions
Authors: Balac Stéphane , Chupin Laurent , Martin Sébastien
Published: December 2019

In Magnetic Resonance Imaging there are several situations where, for simulation purposes, one wants to compute the magnetic field induced by a cluster of small metallic particles. Given the difficulty of the problem from a numerical point of view, the simplifying assumption that the field due to each particle interacts only with the main magnetic field but does not interact with the fields due to the other particles is usually made. In this paper we investigate from a mathematical point of view the relevancy of this assumption and provide error estimates for the scalar magnetic potential in terms of the key parameter that is the minimal distance between the particles. A special attention is paid to obtain explicit and relevant constants in the estimates. When the “non-interacting assumption” is deficient, we propose to compute a better approximation of the magnetic potential by taking into account pairwise magnetic field interactions between particles that enters in a general framework for computing the scalar magnetic potential as a series expansion.
Cardiorespiratory Changes During Prolonged Downhill Versus Uphill Treadmill Exercise
Authors: Garnier Yoann , Lepers Romuald , Assadi Hervé , Paizis Christos
Published: December 2019

Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), energy cost (EC) and oxygen pulse are lower during downhill compared to level or uphill locomotion. However, a change in oxygen pulse and EC during prolonged grade exercise is not well documented. This study investigated changes in cardiorespiratory responses and EC during 45-min grade exercises. Nine male healthy volunteers randomly ran at 75% HR reserve during 45-min exercise in a level (+1%), uphill (+15%) or downhill (−15%) condition. V̇O2
, minute ventilation (V̇E
) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) were recorded continuously with 5-min averaging between the 10th and 15th min (T1) and 40th and 45th min (T2). For a similar HR (157±3 bpm), V̇O2
, V̇E
, and PetCO2 were lower during downhill compared to level and uphill conditions (p<0.01). V̇O2
and V̇E
decreased similarly from T1 to T2 for all conditions (all p<0.01), while PetCO2 decreased only for the downhill condition (p<0.001). Uphill exercise required greater EC compared to level and downhill exercises. EC decreased only during the uphill condition between T1 and T2 (p<0.01). The lowest V̇O2
and EC during downhill exercise compared to uphill and level exercises suggests the involvement of passive elastic structures in force production during downhill. The lower cardiorespiratory response and the reduction in PetCO2 during downhill running exercise, while EC remained constant, suggests an overdrive ventilation pattern likely due to a greater stimulation of efferent neural factors.
Correlation of Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Due to Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Queiroz Stenio Medeiros , Andrade Ana Luiza Dias Leite De , Oliveira Patrícia Teixeira De , Leite Maia Paulo Raphael , Oliveira Ângelo Giuseppe Roncalli Da Costa , Almeida Freitas Roseana De , Galvão Hébel Cavalcanti
Published: December 2019

Objective The aim was to correlate radiomorphometric indices and biochemical analyses as an auxiliary method in bone evaluation in male and female patients with chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and controls.

Materials and Methods Nine radiomorphometric indices and four biochemical parameters were obtained: mental index (MI), height at the mental foramen, total mandibular height (THM), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), original height of the mandible, alveolar bone resorption, distance from the mental foramen to the alveolar bone crest (MF-ABC), mandibular cortical index (MCI), trabecular bone pattern, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and Ca × P product (Ca × P).Statistical Analysis The Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman’s correlation were applied at a significance level of 95%.

Results There was a moderate negative and significant correlation between MI, PMI, and PTH in female patients with CKD-MBD as well as between THM, MF-ABC, and Ca × P. The MCI and trabecular bone pattern indicated altered bone quality in male patients.

Conclusions The radiomorphometric evaluation was an auxiliary, noninvasive method to detect possible alterations in the cortex and mandibular bone trabeculation in male and female patients with CKD-MBD.
Relational Model between Parental Dental Belief and Formation of Dental Fear among Preschool Children in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Kendhawati Lenny , Agustiani Hendriati
Published: December 2019

Objective Parents’ behavior and belief can strongly impact preschool children. Parents play an important role in the formation of dental fear. The aim of the research is to analyze parental dental belief model as a source of dental fear among preschool children.

Materials and Methods The research was undertaken at 15 kindergartens in Bandung City, Indonesia, which were chosen by means of multistage cluster random sampling. The participants of the research were parents and children aged 3 to 6. The research involved analysis of quantitative data to assess the relational model between parental dental belief and the formation of dental fear among children. While parental dental belief was measured using the Dental Belief Scale, children’s dental fear was measured using the Indonesian transadaptation of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale based on parents’ report. The results were analyzed statistically by using structural equation modeling which is a combination of regression and factor analysis.

Results The results indicate that the direct effect structural model of parental dental belief significantly fit the formation of dental fear among children in Bandung (t-value = 2.41).

Conclusion The research concludes that parents’ perception and behavior—the latter contributing more—correlate with the formation of dental fear among preschool children.
Clinical and Esthetical Evaluation of 79 Lithium Disilicate Multilayered Anterior Veneers with a Medium Follow-Up of 3 Years
Authors: Malchiodi Luciano , Zotti Francesca , Moro Tommaso , De Santis Daniele , Albanese Massimo
Published: December 2019

Objectives Primary aim of this study was to evaluate survival rate of lithium disilicate veneers in upper and lower anterior teeth. Secondary aims were to evaluate changing in proportions of teeth before and after restorations and to assess mean thickness of the veneers.

Materials and Methods Seventy-nine upper and lower lithium disilicate veneers were made in 13 patients with worn teeth. Mean follow-up was 3 years. To perform anterior definitive rehabilitations, malocclusions and loss of vertical dimension were treated by full mouth rehabilitations to obtain proper occlusal conditions. Veneers were made of lithium disilicate core and fluorapatite-based ceramic stratification. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Changing in teeth proportion before and after restorations was analyzed by a paired t-test. Descriptive statistics of thickness values were also performed.

Results One case of detachment was observed with a 98.7% survival rate. Teeth’s proportions were preserved although the first upper right incisor and canine changed in dimension.

Conclusions Lithium disilicate veneers in esthetical rehabilitations of worn teeth proved to be an effective way of treatment in a medium follow-up of 3 years. Proportions seemed to be maintained with a minimum dental removal.
Cardiac Imaging: OCT
Authors: Shah Hetan C. , Shejol Sumit R. , Jhala Malav D.
Published: December 2019

Introduction Intracoronary imaging by means of optimal coherence tomography (OCT) provides valuable incremental information that can be used clinically to optimize stent implantation and minimize stent-related problems. Over the past decades, OCT has progressively evolved with respect to technical performance and procedural aspects.

Principle OCT is a fiberoptic wire with a rotating lens emitting near infrared (1,300 nm) light and records the light reflected from the tissue. The currently used Fourier domain-OCT allows superior image quality and faster image acquisition.

OCT in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) It helps in accurate detection of actual event leading to ACS among plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodule. OCT has an advantage over intravascular ultrasound for identification of vulnerable plaque and also detection of thin cap fibroatheroma < 65 µm.

Clinical Utility OCT helps in diagnosis of an angiographically ambiguous lesion such as dissection, thrombus, and calcified nodule. It also helps in planning different aspects of percutaneous coronary intervention such as lesion preparation, determining stent size and length and also helps in optimization of results of stent deployment.

Certain nonatherosclerotic events such as coronary arteritis can be diagnosed with OCT.

Continued advancement in technology, faster image acquisition, and more sophisticated coregistered image analysis will facilitate greater adoption through ease of use and interpretation.
Comparative Study of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment for Pain Reduction after Hemorrhoidectomy Surgery
Authors: Vahabi Sepideh , Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash , Moradkhani Mahmoudreza
Published: December 2019

Context Hemorrhoid is one of the most common diseases in both, men and women, affecting half of the world's population over the age of 50.

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of local ointment of glyceryl trinitrate ointment (GTN) after hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods and Materials In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were grouped as the treatment, that is GTN, and placebo (P) group. After surgery, 0.2% gelatin GTN ointment (250 mg), and P ointment (n = 20 for each group) were applied topically on 1 cm on the anus using a standard ruler, three times a week in respective groups. visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of the pain and complications of the drugs were observed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours.

Statistical Analysis Used Data and questionnaires were analyzed statistically using SPSS17 software and results were recorded in the tabular form.

Results Six hours after the application of the ointment, no significant difference was found among the groups, however, after 12, 18, and 24 hours significant reduction in pain was seen in GTN group, which was least after 18 hours. The mean values of the total pain score in the first 24 hours after surgery in the GTN group were 3.15 and 5.45 in the P group which were statistically significant. Nonetheless, headache was significantly increased in the GTN group.

Conclusion Simple and safe topical GTN ointment can reduce the pain after hemorrhoidectomy, leading to the reduced need of other analgesics.
Reorienting rabies research and practice: Lessons from India
Authors: Srinivasan Krithika , Kurz Tim , Kuttuva Pradeep , Pearson Chris
Published: December 2019

In this article, we reflect on the institutional and everyday realities of people-street dog relations in India to develop a case for decolonised approaches to rabies and other zoonoses. Dog-mediated rabies in Asia and Africa continues be a major concern in transnational public health agendas despite extensive research and knowledge on its prevention. In India, which carries 35% of the global rabies burden and has large street dog populations, One Health-oriented dog population management programmes have been central to the control of this zoonotic disease. Yet, rabies continues to be a significant problem in the country. In this article, we address this impasse in rabies research and practice through investigations of interactions between people, policy, and street dogs. Drawing primarily on field and archival research in Chennai city, we track how street dogs are perceived by people, explore how these animals have come into interface with (public) health concerns over time, and examine the biosocial conditions that frame people-dog conflict (and thereby rabies). These analyses create a picture of the multidimensional character of people-dog relations to offer new insights on why One Health-oriented rabies initiatives have not borne out their full promise. In effect, the article makes a case for a shift in public health orientations—away from intervening on these animals as vectors to be managed, and towards enabling multispecies habitats. This, we argue, requires the decolonisation of approaches to dog-mediated rabies, and expanded conceptions of ‘healthy more-than-human publics’. In conclusion, the article chalks out broader implications for public health approaches to zoonoses in a world marked by mutual risk and vulnerability that cuts across human and nonhuman animals.