bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Impact of Entrepreneurship on Enterprise Performance in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Wu Ganglong , Syed Ahmed Salman
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The study aims to explore the impact of entrepreneurship on the performance of manufacturing enterprises in China, focusing on specific traits of entrepreneurship such as innovation, risk-taking, and competitiveness. Additionally, it examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and regional economic growth, with an emphasis on how entrepreneurship drives enterprise performance, particularly in economically underdeveloped regions.
Approach/Methodology/Design: The research uses empirical analysis based on sample data from listed manufacturing companies on China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets. It employs regression models to assess the impact of entrepreneurship on enterprise performance. Indicators such as R&D investment, market share, and firm size serve as proxies for entrepreneurship traits, while principal component analysis is used to calculate scores for both entrepreneurship and enterprise performance. Control variables include regional economy and leadership structure. Sub-regional analysis is conducted to compare the impact of entrepreneurship across different economic regions.
Findings: The results show that entrepreneurship, innovation spirit, risk-taking spirit, and competitive spirit all have significant positive impacts on enterprise performance. Additionally, in different economic regions, entrepreneurship generally has a positive impact on enterprise performance, with a greater effect observed in areas with lower economic development.
Practical Implications: The study provides valuable insights for enterprises and policymakers. It suggests that enterprises can enhance their competitiveness by fostering entrepreneurial traits, increasing R&D investment, and efficiently managing financial leverage. Furthermore, governments should support entrepreneurship in underdeveloped regions through training and policy measures to stimulate regional economic growth.
Originality/value: This study constructs a unique evaluation system for entrepreneurship from a micro perspective and verifies its positive impact on enterprise performance. This study innovatively explores the differential impact of entrepreneurship across various economic regions, providing new perspectives for future research on the relationship between regional economies and entrepreneurship.
Marketing Strategies in the Digital Age: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Li Zihua , Ab Rahim Hazrita , Liu Tingyu
Published: November 2024

Purpose:Transformation and Response to Enterprise Marketing Strategies in the Digital AgeWith the rapid development of information technology, the digital era has come in all its aspects, bringing a new landscape to enterprise marketing strategy.
The digital age brings many opportunities. First, there is more accurate market positioning, and enterprises use technologies such as big data, Can in-depth analysis of a variety of consumer data, accurate grasp of their needs and preferences, so as to clearly identify the target market, like millet through the analysis of user data, accurate positioning of young, the pursuit of cost-effective consumer groups, to launch products that meet their needs. Secondly, there is a wider distribution channel. The popularization of the Internet and social media has allowed enterprises to quickly spread their marketing information to all parts of the world, and Bytedance's products have utilized the advantages of their own platforms to achieve widespread information distribution. Moreover, more efficient customer interaction, enterprises can communicate with customers in real time through the online platform, timely access to feedback, improve customer satisfaction, such as Huawei through the online community interaction with users to improve products and services.
However, the challenges cannot be ignored. Data security and privacy protection have become critical issues, and once a data breach occurs, it can seriously damage the reputation of a company, as some high-profile companies have been questioned over data security. The difficulty of accurate marketing is that the market changes rapidly, consumer demand is diverse and volatile, and it is difficult for enterprises to accurately grasp it at all times. The complexity of multichannel integration also causes problems for enterprises, and the characteristics and user groups of different channels are different, making integration difficult.
Domestic and foreign enterprises have many successful experiences to learn from. For example, Apple pays attention to the user experience and has built a unique brand image and marketing model through the convergence of online and offline channels. In response to the challenge, enterprises should strengthen data security management and establish strict protection mechanisms. Continuous improvement of data analysis capabilities to better adapt to market changes; At the same time, we should focus on coordination between channels to achieve complementarity of strengths. In short, enterprises need to take full advantage of opportunities in the digital age, actively cope with challenges, and formulate effective marketing strategies in order to gain a foothold and develop in the fierce market competition.
To Be Uniqueness or To Be Conformity? Exploring the Influence of Sense of Power on Consumers' Preference for Uniqueness
Authors: Shu Bo , Sun Yanhua , Fan Mmengmeng , Wang Rui
Published: November 2024

Continuously launching new products has become a key strategy for enterprises to enhance their market competitiveness, but this approach is not always effective due to variations in consumers' sense of power, which can influence their preferences for uniqueness. This article investigates the impact of sense of power on consumers' preferences for unique products through three sets of five experiments. The study found that high-power consumers tend to adopt an independent self-construal, which increases their preference for unique products. However, when making decisions for others, their preference for uniqueness decreases. In contrast, low-power consumers tend to adopt a dependent self-construal, which diminishes their preference for uniqueness, and this preference remains unaffected whether they are making decisions for themselves or for others. This article expands the research on uniqueness preferences and offers valuable insights for marketers in areas such as product design, promotion, and packaging.
An In-depth Analysis of Bandai's Brand Evolution
Authors: XIAO CONGRONG , SUN ZIYUE , LIANG ZIJUN
Published: November 2024

A retired Japanese veteran, while working at a factory owned by his brother-in-law, discovered the substantial market potential of toys made from recycled materials, prompting him to start a side business. This seemingly modest idea ultimately gave rise to the globally renowned brand—Bandai. What is Bandai, and what entertainment trends has it led? What insights can Bandai offer for the high-quality development of China's cultural industry? This paper focuses on analyzing Bandai's successes and failures in the toy, anime, and gaming sectors, providing valuable lessons for the growth and cultivation of brand culture.
Bibliometric Analysis on SCF Adoption: A Key to Growth for Cross-Border E-Commerce SMEs
Authors: Huang Qiuchen
Published: November 2024

Despite the growing importance of Supply Chain Finance (SCF) for cross-border e-commerce SMEs, research on their adoption factors remains scarce. This study analyses 257 publications to bridge this gap. Findings reveal a rapidly growing field with China leading in both research and adoption. Performance, management, and impact are central themes, while blockchain and online SCF platforms emerge as trends. Future research directions include investigating blockchain's impact on risks, understanding the role of e-retailer platforms, and analysing specific challenges faced by cross-border e-commerce SMEs. This research highlights the increasing importance of SCF and identifies key areas for further exploration to optimize its benefits for this crucial sector.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Economic Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yuan Chunhong , Tang Jingyi , Cao YiDing , Wei Tianshi , Shen WeiTao
Published: November 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, reshaping economies and societies globally. This review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the existing literature on the impact of AI on economic development. By conducting a combined bibliometric and content analysis of relevant studies from the past two decades, we identify major themes and research directions within the field. The review reveals that AI plays a significant role in enhancing productivity, fostering innovation, and driving economic growth. Key areas of influence include intelligent decision-making, labor market transformations, Industry 4.0, and social governance. However, AI also presents challenges such as ethical concerns, potential job displacement, and privacy risks. The findings highlight both opportunities and limitations of AI in economic contexts, emphasizing the need for policies that support positive economic impacts while mitigating adverse effects. This review provides scholars, policymakers, and industry leaders with a comprehensive understanding of AI’s evolving role in economic development and outlines future research directions to bridge current knowledge gaps.
Research on Digitalization of Personnel Archives to Address the Challenges of University Human Resource Management
Authors: MA GUAN
Published: November 2024

Currently, there are several issues within human resource management in universities, such as mismatches between personnel and positions, challenges in quantifying performance evaluations, and the frequent departure of top talent. These problems are often linked to the underutilization of personnel archives. By integrating big data principles into the digitization of personnel archives at universities, we can enhance the "intelligent" aspects of human resource management and decision-making. This approach enables science-based management through digital quantification, fully leveraging the potential of university human resources. The article delves into the digitization of personnel archives using big data principles to address the challenges faced by university human resource departments and to foster the advancement and progress of various university initiatives.
Functional implications of the exon 9 splice insert in GluK1 kainate receptors
Authors: Dhingra Surbhi , Chopade Prachi M , Vinnakota Rajesh , Kumar Janesh
Published: November 2024

Kainate receptors are key modulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. Different kainate receptor isoforms with distinct spatiotemporal expressions have been identified in the brain. The GluK1-1 splice variant receptors, which are abundant in the adult brain, have an extra fifteen amino acids inserted in the amino-terminal domain (ATD) of the receptor resulting from alternative splicing of exon 9. However, the functional implications of this post-transcriptional modification are not yet clear. We employed a multi-pronged approach using cryogenic electron microscopy, electrophysiology, and other biophysical and biochemical tools to understand the structural and functional impact of this splice insert in the extracellular domain of GluK1 receptors. Our study reveals that the splice insert alters the key gating properties of GluK1 receptors and their modulation by the cognate auxiliary Neuropilin and tolloid-like (Neto) proteins 1 and 2. Mutational analysis identified the role of crucial splice residues that influence receptor properties and their modulation. Furthermore, the cryoEM structure of the variant shows that the presence of exon 9 in GluK1 does not affect the receptor architecture or domain arrangement in the desensitized state. Our study thus provides the first detailed structural and functional characterization of GluK1-1a receptors, highlighting the role of the splice insert in modulating receptor properties and their modulation.
Clinical phenotypes in acute and chronic infarction explained through human ventricular electromechanical modelling and simulations
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wang Zhinuo Jenny , Camps Julia , Tomek Jakub , Santiago Alfonso , Quintanas Adria , Vazquez Mariano , Vaseghi Marmar , Rodriguez Blanca
Published: November 2024

Sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with electrophysiological heterogeneities and ionic remodelling, which are reflected as variable phenotypes. Low ejection fraction (EF) is used in risk stratification, but its mechanistic links with the post-MI pro-arrhythmic heterogeneities are unknown. We aim to provide a mechanistic explanation of clinical phenotypes in acute and chronic MI, from ionic remodeling to ECG and EF, using human electromechanical modelling and simulation to augment experimental and clinical investigations.A human ventricular electromechanical modelling and simulation framework is constructed and validated with rich experimental and clinical datasets. Abnormalities caused by scar and border zone ionic remodeling are introduced in varying degrees as reported in experimental data obtained in acute and chronic infarction. Simulations enabled reproducing and explaining clinical phenotypes post-MI, from ionic remodelling to ECGs and pressure-volume loops. In acute MI, T-wave inversion and Brugada phenocopy were explained by up to 57 ms of local APD prolongation and activation failure due to the inhibition of potassium, sodium and calcium channels in the border zone. In chronic MI, upright tall T-waves highlight large repolarisation dispersion caused by uneven potassium channel expression in border and remote zones, which promoted ectopic propagation at fast pacing. Post-MI ionic remodelling reduced EF by up to 10% through inhibition of calcium transient amplitude due to weaker calcium currents or SERCA activity, but the EF at resting heart rate was not sensitive to the extent of repolarisation heterogeneity and the risk of repolarisation abnormalities at fast pacing.Multi-scale modelling and simulation coherently integrates experimental and clinical data at subcellular, tissue, and organ scales to unravel electromechanical disease mechanisms in MI. In acute post-MI, ionic remodelling and its effect on refractoriness and propagation failure in the BZ have a strong impact on phenotypic ECG variability, whereas in chronic post-MI, the repolarisation dispersion across the BZ is crucial. T-wave and QT abnormalities are better indicators of repolarisation heterogeneities than EF in post-MI.
DNAH3 deficiency causes flagellar inner dynein arm loss and male infertility in humans and mice
Authors: Wang Xiang , Shen Gan , Yang Yihong , Jiang Chuan , Ruan Tiechao , Yang Xue , Zhuo Liangchai , Zhang Yingteng , Ou Yangdi , Zhao Xinya , Long Shunhua , Tang Xiangrong , Lin Tingting , Shen Ying
Published: November 2024

Axonemal protein complexes, including the outer and inner dynein arms (ODA/IDA), are highly ordered structures of the sperm flagella that drive sperm motility. Deficiencies in several axonemal proteins have been associated with male infertility, which is characterized by asthenozoospermia or asthenoteratozoospermia. Dynein axonemal heavy chain 3 (DNAH3) resides in the IDA and is highly expressed in the testis. However, the relationship between DNAH3 and male infertility is still unclear. Herein, we identified biallelic variants of DNAH3 in four unrelated Han Chinese infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia through whole-exome sequencing (WES). These variants contributed to deficient DNAH3 expression in the patients’ sperm flagella. Importantly, the patients represented the anomalous sperm flagellar morphology, and the flagellar ultrastructure was severely disrupted. Intriguingly, Dnah3 knockout (KO) male mice were also infertile, especially showing the severe reduction in sperm movement with the abnormal IDA and mitochondrion structure. Mechanically, nonfunctional DNAH3 expression resulted in decreased expression of IDA-associated proteins in the spermatozoa flagella of patients and KO mice, including DNAH1, DNAH6, and DNALI1, the deletion of which has been involved in disruption of sperm motility. Moreover, the infertility of patients with DNAH3 variants and Dnah3 KO mice could be rescued by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. Our findings indicated that DNAH3 is a novel pathogenic gene for asthenoteratozoospermia and may further contribute to the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prognosis of male infertility.
CTFFIND5 provides improved insight into quality, tilt and thickness of TEM samples
Authors: Elferich Johannes , Kong Lingli , Zottig Ximena , Grigorieff Nikolaus
Published: November 2024

Images taken by transmission electron microscopes are usually affected by lens aberrations and image defocus, among other factors. These distortions can be modeled in reciprocal space using the contrast transfer function (CTF). Accurate estimation and correction of the CTF is essential for restoring the high-resolution signal in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM). Previously, we described the implementation of algorithms for this task in the
cis
TEM software package (Grant et al., 2018). Here we show that taking sample characteristics, such as thickness and tilt, into account can improve CTF estimation. This is particularly important when imaging cellular samples, where measurement of sample thickness and geometry derived from accurate modeling of the Thon ring pattern helps judging the quality of the sample. This improved CTF estimation has been implemented in CTFFIND5, a new version of the
cis
TEM program CTFFIND. We evaluated the accuracy of these estimates using images of tilted aquaporin crystals and eukaryotic cells thinned by focused ion beam milling. We estimate that with micrographs of sufficient quality CTFFIND5 can measure sample tilt with an accuracy of 3° and sample thickness with an accuracy of 5 nm.
An automated AI-powered IoT algorithm with data processing and noise elimination for plant monitoring and actuating
Authors: Ali Mohammed A. H. , Moiduddin Khaja , Nukman Yusoff , Abd Razak Bushroa , Aboudaif Mohamed K. , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam
Published: November 2024

This article aims to develop a novel Artificial Intelligence-powered Internet of Things (AI-powered IoT) system that can automatically monitor the conditions of the plant (crop) and apply the necessary action without human interaction. The system can remotely send a report on the plant conditions to the farmers through IoT, enabling them for tracking the healthiness of plants. Chili plant has been selected to test the proposed AI-powered IoT monitoring and actuating system as it is so sensitive to the soil moisture, weather changes and can be attacked by several types of diseases. The structure of the proposed system is passed through five main stages, namely, AI-powered IoT system design, prototype fabrication, signal and image processing, noise elimination and proposed system testing. The prototype for monitoring is equipped with multiple sensors, namely, soil moisture, carbon dioxide (CO2) detector, temperature, and camera sensors, which are utilized to continuously monitor the conditions of the plant. Several signal and image processing operations have been applied on the acquired sensors data to prepare them for further post-processing stage. In the post processing step, a new AI based noise elimination algorithm has been introduced to eliminate the noise in the images and take the right actions which are performed using actuators such as pumps, fans to make the necessary actions. The experimental results show that the prototype is functioning well with the proposed AI-powered IoT algorithm, where the water pump, exhausted fan and pesticide pump are actuated when the sensors detect a low moisture level, high CO2 concentration level, and video processing-based pests’ detection, respectively. The results also show that the algorithm is capable to detect the pests on the leaves with 75% successful rate.
Genome-wide association studies of ischemic stroke based on interpretable machine learning
Authors: Nikolić Stefan , Ignatov Dmitry I. , Khvorykh Gennady V. , Limborska Svetlana A. , Khrunin Andrey V.
Published: November 2024

Despite the identification of several dozen genetic loci associated with ischemic stroke (IS), the genetic bases of this disease remain largely unexplored. In this research we present the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on classical statistical testing and machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, gradient boosting on decision trees, and tabular deep learning model TabNet). To build a consensus on the results obtained by different techniques, the Pareto-Optimal solution was proposed and applied. These methods were applied to real genotypic data of sick and healthy individuals of European ancestry obtained from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (5,581 individuals, 883,749 single nucleotide polymorphisms). Finally, 131 genes were identified as candidates for association with the onset of IS. UBQLN1, TRPS1, and MUSK were previously described as associated with the course of IS in model animals. ACOT11 taking part in metabolism of fatty acids was shown for the first time to be associated with IS. The identified genes were compared with genes from the Illuminating Druggable Genome project. The product of GPR26 representing the G-coupled protein receptor can be considered as a therapeutic target for stroke prevention. The approaches presented in this research can be used to reprocess GWAS datasets from other diseases.
High variability in the attractiveness of municipally-planted decorative plants to insects
Authors: Czaczkes Tomer J. , Breuss Carsten , Kurze Christoph
Published: November 2024

Insect populations are declining globally. A major driver of this decline is land use change, including urbanisation. However, urban environments can also offer a wide range of floral resources to pollinators, through ornamental plantings, but these can vary widely in their attractiveness to insects. Often, the largest single planter of ornamental plants in an urban area is the municipality. Here we evaluated the decorative plantings carried out by the city municipality of Regensburg, Germany, by systematically surveying insect visitations on different plant types in late summer, when forage is often limited for pollinators. We found a 130-fold difference from the least to the most attractive plants, and high variation in which insect groups were attracted to which plants. While honey bees, which are not a conservation concern, were the most common insect visitors, some decorative plants attracted a very large proportion of wild bees, flies, and wasps. Our results demonstrate that there is great scope for increasing the supply of urban forage to pollinators in general, and specific groups in particular, without requiring new decorative plant types to be sourced or planted. We argue that providing local evidence-based guidance to municipalities offers a quick and potentially cost-neutral method for supporting urban insect populations.
An Analytical Exploration of Factors Contributing to Increasing Turnover and Employee Retention Challenges in a Private Educational Institution
Authors: Columna Farrah Jane , Garcia Ferdinand
Published: November 2024

This study examines the factors contributing to increasing turnover and retention challenges in a private educational institution in the Philippines. Using a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data were gathered using a descriptive-correlational methodology, while semi-structured interviews with current and former employees were used to acquire qualitative insights. Results reveal a very high level of turnover intention among respondents, with compensation and benefits and leadership and management found as the most significant factors, followed by work environment and culture and external factors. Age, marital status, and work status all show varying degrees of significance when it comes to perceived primary factors, while gender and length of service showed no significant influence on all the factors of turnover intention. Findings suggest the importance of addressing compensation and benefits, leadership and management, and work environment and external factor issues to enhance retention efforts in educational institutions.
Customer Satisfaction of Students with Front-Line Service Delivery at a Private Higher Institution in Cavite, Philippines
Authors: Anit Jannet
Published: November 2024

This study investigates student satisfaction with frontline service delivery at San Sebastian College-Recoletos de Cavite (SSC-R), recognizing the critical role of service providers in enhancing student experiences. The primary aim is to assess the level of satisfaction among students, identify challenges faced by frontline staff, and evaluate existing support strategies to recommend evidence-based approaches for improvement. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study combines descriptive and evaluative methods, utilizing an online survey questionnaire to gather data from senior high school and college students, as well as frontline service staff across ten service offices. The findings reveal that students generally express satisfaction with the quality of services, particularly in terms of timeliness, quality, efficiency, and adequacy. However, senior high school students reported higher satisfaction levels compared to their college counterparts. The study identifies significant challenges faced by frontline staff, including data fragmentation, diverse student needs, and a demanding work environment. In conclusion, the research highlights the necessity for targeted interventions to bridge the satisfaction gap, improve staff effectiveness, and foster a culture of continuous improvement, ultimately enhancing the overall student experience at SSC-R.
Project Competency and Performance Recovery (CPR) and Students’ Level of Performance in Technology and Livelihood Education
Authors: Sublay Evelyn
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Project Competency and Performance Recovery (CPR) using quantitative research, specifically the one-group pretest-post-test design. The research study was conducted in Palo Alto Integrated School, where one-hundred twenty (120) respondents were included from Grades 7 – 10, respectively. The mean, standard deviation and paired t-test were used to examine the results of the learners' academic performance from the second quarter and third quarter. The study's findings revealed that at the reopening of classes, the mean academic performance of learners from grades 7 – 10 was at the ’developing’ stage. This was before the implementation of Project CPR. On the other hand, after the implementation, there was a slight improvement in the learners’ mean academic performance, particularly from grades 8 and 10, which improved from “developing” to “Approaching Proficiency”. Only grade 7 learners have not improved after the implementation of the project since it is statistically evident that there is no significant difference between the results of the second quarter and the third quarter's performance. Moreover, findings also show that Project CPR was effective in recovering learning losses. The data for the test of significant difference between the second and third quarters revealed a significant difference, particularly from grades 8, 9, and 10. The study's conclusive findings will serve as the foundation for replication with a larger sample size and a broader focus.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) Using Metroglyph Analysis
Authors: Rajasree Sanagavarapu Sai , Lal Gabriel M.
Published: November 2024

Pulses like greengram are essential for sustainable agriculture and global food security due to their high protein, complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, their genetic diversity is underexplored, with existing studies mainly focusing on conventional methods. This study aims to estimate the variability parameters for 16 quantitative characters of greengram to classify the genotypes using Metroglyph analysis and assess genetic divergence to identify divergent parents for future hybridization programs using 45 greengram genotypes using Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. Among 45 genotypes of greengram on the basis of mean performance MGG-351(12.959) followed by MGG-347(43.16 q/ha), VBN -2 (41.12 q/ha), GM-3(40.8 q/ha) and MGG-385(39.8 q/ha) were found superior for grain yield. High GCV and PCV is recorded for Harvest Index and Number of primary branches. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean are recorded for number of primary branches, harvest index (%), number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, seed index, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant. On the basis of Metroglyph analysis, the total index score was varied from 24 (SHAKTI) to 38 (SIKHA) with a mean of 31.84. Among the 45 germplasm lines, the genotypes GM-3, MGG-385, SML-1663 and MGG-371were observed as high yielder and identified for higher index score. Scatter diagram plotted with Plant Height and Harvest Index has revealed that 5 clusters could be distinguished on the basis of morphological variation. Cluster -1 was represented by 24 genotypes, Cluster -2 was represented by 10 genotypes, Cluster-3 was represented by 7 genotypes, Cluster-4 was represented by 3 genotype, Cluster -5 was represented by 1 genotype. From those complexes, the germplasm lines, SIKHA and MGG-371 recorded high index score and fell into different cluster, hence used as parents in hybridization for getting desirable transgressive segregants.
Association of Genetic Parameters among Its Components in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Yadav Rakesh , Syed Mousmi , Singh Mahipat , Yadav Mahaveer Prasad , Praveen  , Himanshu  , Yadav Yogendra
Published: November 2024

Present study was conducted with 12 mustard genotypes, raised in randomized block design with three replications during the Rabi season 2023-2024 at Organic Farm, Karguanji, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (U.P.). Analysis of variance in the present investigation revealed existence of significant differences among the genotypes of mustard for all the characters studied and wide range of variability in the genotypes was observed. The highest mean performance for grain yield/ plant was observed for genotype TM-28 followed by radhika and ANG-73 indicating that these genotypes can be used in hybridization programme to achieve higher yield.
The very high heritability and very high GAM was observed in number of siliqua per plan, number of secondary branches per plant, number of total branches and number of primary branches per plant indicating the presence of additive gene action for governing of these traits and selection based on these traits will be effective. This shows that improvement of these traits during selection will simultaneously improve the yield per plant.
The Impact of Different Revascularization Strategies Implemented in Acute Myocardial Infarction on the Recovery of Left Ventricular Functional and Deformational Parameters
Authors: Ebaid Hany H. , Eldarky El-Sayed Abd Al-Khalik , Atia Ali I. , El-Sayed Sayed M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Despite well-established therapeutic techniques, such as direct revascularization through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity.
Objectives: To determine if two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) deformation parameters and the early recovery of left ventricular (LV) functions are affected by the timing of PCI in AMI.
Methods: A total of 200 cases with newly-onset acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who had a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) higher than 35% and received effective therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in this investigation. Cases were categorized as either ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Cases were grouped into four groups according to the time between presentation and PCI. Using standard echocardiography and two-dimensional (2D) STE, individuals were re-evaluated initially and three months later to find out if remodeling had taken place or if the LV function had returned.
Results: Of the 200 AMI patients, including 140 males (70%), improvement in global longitudinal strain (GLS) and harmed longitudinal strain (HLS) were better in STEMI and NSTEMI patients received urgent revascularization with PCI (groups I and III) versus patients with pharmacoinvasive strategy or routine invasive strategy (Groups II and IV) (P < 0.05) while there was an insignificant difference between group I and III (P = 0.79). Of the 200 patients, 47 patients (23.5%) presented signs of LV remodeling at 3 months follow up. Age, smoking history, hypertension, dyslipidemia, Killip class, peak creatine phosphokinase - MB level, baseline left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), HLS, and harmed longitudinal strain rate (HLSR) were all factors that were found to be significantly associated with left ventricular remodeling (P<0.05) in the univariate logistic regression analysis. The following factors were identified as independent predictors of left ventricular remodeling in multivariate logistic regression analysis: damaged left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and end-systolic volume, peak troponin I, Killip class, culprit left anterior descending (LAD), 2 and 3-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), and wall motion score index (WMSI).
Conclusion: Earlier PCI in AMI helps earlier improvement in myocardial strain parameters. HLS and HLSR are excellent predictors for LV remodeling and may do better than global parameters.
Effect of Changing Temperature and CO2 Concentration on Weed Dynamics and Behaviour: A Review
Authors: K. N. Geetha , B. S. Vidyashree , Sondhia Shobha , M Prabhakar , C. R. Tejaswini , H. R. Laxman , Bai Kamala , Sinchana J. K.
Published: November 2024

Agriculture and climate change are interwoven with each other in various measures, as climate change is the main culprit of biotic and abiotic stresses, which has adverse impact on crops and weed flora and the effectiveness of weed management strategies. Indeed weed physiology and crop productivity has been greatly influenced by several means of climate variability. Climate change causes a shift in weed population dynamics by altering the physiological pathways with the changing temperature and CO2 conditions. Climate change can affect crop-weed interactions by favouring C4 weeds in increased temperature scenarios requiring adaptation and mitigation strategies. Weeds can also shift their range by invading into new areas and higher latitudes or altitudes due to climatic variability affecting weed diversity, establishment, and management. These factors helps in understanding the crop interactions, weed infestation and herbicide efficacy. This review paper summarizes the challenges that occur due to climate change in weed behaviour requiring more attention on sustainable agricultural production.
Canine Brucellosis: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: M Prasanth Kumar. , V. V. G Nikhil Teja , K Murugavel.
Published: November 2024

Canine brucellosis, caused by Brucella canis, is a global infectious and zoonotic disease that poses a significant public health risk due to the close interactions between dogs and humans. In dogs, the disease can lead to abortion outbreaks, reproductive failures, lymphadenopathy, and occasionally osteoarticular issues. Asymptomatic infections are also relatively common. In humans, brucellosis typically presents with a febrile illness and non-specific symptoms such as splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. The disease is notably problematic in breeding programs due to reproductive failures, including infertility and abortion, leading to substantial economic losses. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, particularly during mating, or via contaminated environments. Diagnosing canine brucellosis accurately is critical and can be achieved using various methods, including bacterial cultures, serological tests like the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Treatment is limited, with neutering and antibiotic therapy being the main approaches, though these do not always ensure complete recovery.  Preventive measures are essential and include regular screening of breeding dogs, isolation of infected animals, and strict biosecurity protocols. Given its zoonotic potential, it is crucial for veterinary professionals and pet owners to be aware of the disease. Increased awareness and future research on new diagnostic methods and effective vaccines are vital for improving control strategies and reducing the impact of canine brucellosis on both canine and human health.
Awareness of Family Planning Services among Pregnant Women in Arumeru District, Tanzania: Implications for Public Health Interventions
Authors: Mhina Juma Almasi
Published: November 2024

The demand for health literacy in family planning continues to be a global issue, particularly in developing regions. It is also estimated that over 225 million women in developing countries face challenges accessing and utilizing family planning services. Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest family planning prevalence, at 24%, with high unmet needs, despite global efforts to improve access and knowledge. This study aimed at assessing the family planning services among pregnant women in Arumeru District, Tanzania. Using a sample size of 269 respondents, data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with healthcare officers between February and March 2024. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques for quantitative data whereas qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis approach. Results reveal that 92.9% of respondents were aware of family planning services, with varying levels of understanding. Education and occupation played significant roles in awareness, with younger, educated individuals showing higher knowledge. Improving awareness about maternal and child health can lead to better healthcare practices, timely interventions, and increased utilization of services, ultimately reducing mortality rates and contributing to broader public health goals of improved health equity and universal health coverage. However, cultural, religious, and literacy barriers continue to hinder full understanding. The study concludes that respondents in the study area have high level of awareness regarding family planning, particularly among younger individuals and those with higher education levels. The study recommends targeted awareness programs, especially for underserved populations, and emphasizes the importance of involving men in family planning education to improve reproductive health outcomes.
Continuous Flow Hydration of Pyrazine‐2‐carbonitrile in a Manganese Dioxide Column Reactor
Authors: Battilocchio Claudio , Lau Shing‐Hing , Hawkins Joel M. , Ley* Steven V.
Published: June 2018

A procedure that yieldspyrazinamideas a fine white powder is presented. A glass column reactor is used containing Celite and manganese dioxide and is mounted vertically in a heating jacket. Following the procedure are notes on the instruments and chemicals used and required. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the general concepts regarding preparation of pyrazinamide.
Teaching Materials and Their Importance inELT: Some Perspectives from the Mercosur Region
Authors: de Oliveira Lucas Patrícia , Maggioli Gabriel Díaz , López‐Barrios Mario
Published: June 2018

This entry addresses current trends in EFL materials in Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. Characteristics of local and localized materials are first described and trends in materials design in Argentina and Uruguay are then discussed. Furthermore, the presence of genres and the development of literacies in EFL materials are considered according to the Brazilian perspective. We emphasize the importance of textbooks as fundamental tools for the teaching of English as a second or a foreign language, adding that where resources seem to be limited, the reliance on materials has increasingly become part of teachers' routines.
Professionalism and English Language Teaching
Authors: Coombe Christine
Published: June 2018

What does it mean to be a professional and to exhibit professionalism? The answer to this important question might depend on the context teachers are in as well as the professional activities they engage in. Recent literature on teacher professionalism has focused on the development of the types of teacher professionalism that have been identified as well as the expected characteristics of teachers who exhibit high levels of professionalism. In this entry, the author explores the literature on professionalism and presents definitions of what it means to be a professional. Other content to be covered includes the characteristics associated with professionalism and the challenges ELT educators face when being professional. General and field‐specific strategies for improving one's professionalism will also be shared.
STELLAR
® (
STrategies
for English Language Learning and Reading)
Authors: Loh Jason , Hu Guangwei
Published: June 2018

STELLAR® is a national curricular approach to teaching the English language that is currently implemented in primary schools across Singapore. This entry describes the literacy program's two distinct dimensions: its essence as reflected in the teaching strategies and materials, and the structured implementation supports that have been put in place. To prevent program drift observed in some schools, the entry also outlines three directions in which efforts can be made to facilitate appropriate curricular adaptation: to ascertain and articulate the critical components of STELLAR®; to equip teachers with knowledge and skills to adapt it in principled ways; and to empower key school personnel involved in the implementation of the program.
Second Language Writing Pedagogy inMiddleEastern Contexts
Authors: Harrison Melinda S.
Published: June 2018

Research in second language writing in Middle Eastern contexts has revealed necessary considerations such as cultural, instructional, and linguistic challenges for EFL writing instructors, students, and institutional authorities. The cultural awareness of students and instructors, as well as collaboration with education authorities in the region, is shown by research to be crucial in ensuring effective and meaningful pedagogy for Arabic‐speaking students studying second language writing in the Middle East. With the rise of English as a global language, those wishing to participate in global communities may have little choice but to learn English. Owing to many factors, however, including culture, native language, attitudes toward English and toward learning English, and the rapid changes in the geopolitical area, second language writing instruction involves multiple avenues of negotiation. This entry reviews key factors that influence EFL instruction in the Middle East. It then explores current research addressing those factors and concludes with a call for collaboration and local teacher‐research.
Inkjet Printing of Self‐Assembled 2D Titanium Carbide and Protein Electrodes for Stimuli‐Responsive Electromagnetic Shielding
Authors: Vural Mert , Pena‐Francesch Abdon , Bars‐Pomes Joan , Jung Huihun , Gudapati Hemanth , Hatter Christine B. , Allen Benjamin D. , Anasori Babak , Ozbolat Ibrahim T. , Gogotsi Yury , Demirel Melik C.
Published: June 2018

2D titanium carbides (MXene) possess significant characteristics including high conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) that are important for applications in printed and flexible electronics. However, MXene‐based ink formulations are yet to be demonstrated for proper inkjet printing of MXene patterns. Here, tandem repeat synthetic proteins based on squid ring teeth (SRT) are employed as templates of molecular self‐assembly to engineer MXene inks that can be printed as stimuli‐responsive electrodes on various substrates including cellulose paper, glass, and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET). MXene electrodes printed on PET substrates are able to display electrical conductivity values as high as 1080 ± 175 S cm−1, which significantly exceeds electrical conductivity values of state‐of‐the‐art inkjet‐printed electrodes composed of other 2D materials including graphene (250 S cm−1) and reduced graphene oxide (340 S cm−1). Furthermore, this high electrical conductivity is sustained under excessive bending deformation. These flexible electrodes also exhibit effective EMI SE values reaching 50 dB at films with thicknesses of 1.35 µm, which mainly originate from their high electrical conductivity and layered structure.
Solution‐Processed 3D RGO–MoS2/Pyramid Si Heterojunction for Ultrahigh Detectivity and Ultra‐Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Xiao Peng , Mao Jie , Ding Ke , Luo Wenjin , Hu Weida , Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Xiaohong , Jie Jiansheng
Published: June 2018

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a typical 2D metal dichalcogenide (2DMD), has exhibited tremendous potential in optoelectronic device applications, especially in photodetection. However, due to the weak light absorption of planar mono‐/multilayers, limited cutoff wavelength edge, and lack of high‐quality junctions, most reported MoS2‐based photodetectors show undesirable performance. Here, a structurized 3D heterojunction of RGO–MoS2/pyramid Si is demonstrated via a simple solution‐processing method. Owing to the improved light absorption by the pyramid structure, the narrowed bandgap of the MoS2 by the imperfect crystallinity, and the enhanced charge separation/transportation by the inserted reduced graphene oxide (RGO), the assembled photodetector exhibits excellent performance in terms of a large responsivity of 21.8 A W−1, extremely high detectivity up to 3.8 × 1015 Jones (Jones = cm Hz1/2 W−1) and ultrabroad spectrum response ranging from 350 nm (ultraviolet) to 4.3 µm (midwave infrared). These device parameters represent the best results for MoS2‐based self‐driven photodetectors, and the detectivity value sets a new record for the 2DMD‐based photodetectors reported thus far. Prospectively, the design of novel 3D heterojunction can be extended to other 2DMDs, opening up the opportunities for a host of high‐performance optoelectronic devices.