bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exemplarbasierte Annäherungen an das Silbengelenk
Authors: Pröll Simon , Freienstein Jan-Claas , Ernst Oliver
Published: August 2016

Using elicited experimental data from 35 kindergartners, this article investigates the ability of children aged 3–6 to deal with German ambisyllabic consonants. In this age group – yet without structured tuition in reading and writing, the development of the phonologic system still in progress – both intra- and inter-subject variation appears to be greater than previous studies conducted on school children revealed. It is argued that this variability supports the view of an exemplar-based theory on language acquisition; stable analytic knowledge on this specific syllable structure emerges as a function of age and frequency. Simultaneously, the data suggest a second kind of underlying variation, stemming from the contact of two conflicting typological syllable systems.
Topical Timolol Maleate Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Püttgen Katherine , Lucky Anne , Adams Denise , Pope Elena , McCuaig Catherine , Powell Julie , Feigenbaum Dana , Savva Yulia , Baselga Eulalia , Holland Kristen , Drolet Beth , Siegel Dawn , Morel Kimberly D. , Garzon Maria C. , Mathes Erin , Lauren Christine , Nopper Amy , Horii Kimberly , Newell Brandon , Song Wei , Frieden Ilona ,   on behalf of the Hemangioma Investigator Group
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

There has been a dramatic increase in the off-label use of ophthalmic timolol maleate, a β-blocker used for infantile hemangioma (IH) treatment as a topical counterpart to oral propranolol. Its safety and efficacy in a pediatric population with IH have not been evaluated in a large cohort. Our goal was to retrospectively assess timolol’s effectiveness, discern characteristics associated with response, and document reported adverse events.

METHODS:

A multicenter retrospective cohort study of 731 patients treated with topical timolol was completed at 9 centers. Inclusion required an IH suitable for timolol in the treating physician’s judgment and access to clinical details including photographs. Logistic regression analysis and descriptive statistics were performed. Primary outcome measures were efficacy assessed by using visual analog scales for color and for size, extent, and volume from review of digital photographs taken as standard of care.

RESULTS:

Most IHs were localized (80.1%) and superficial (55.3%). Risk of disfigurement was the most common indication for therapy (74.3%). Duration of therapy (P < .0001), initial thinness (P = .008), and subtype (P = .031) were significant predictors of response. Best response occurred in superficial IHs <1 mm thick. Fifty-three (7.3%) required subsequent therapy with systemic β-blocker. Adverse events were mild, occurring in 25 (3.4%) patients. No cardiovascular side effects were documented.

CONCLUSIONS:

Timolol seems to be a well-tolerated, safe treatment option with moderate to good effectiveness, demonstrating best response in thin, superficial IHs regardless of pretreatment size. Timolol can be recommended as an alternative to systemic β-blockers and watchful waiting for many patients.
Nocturnal Video Assessment of Infant Sleep Environments
Authors: Batra Erich K. , Teti Douglas M. , Schaefer Eric W. , Neumann Brooke A. , Meek Elizabeth A. , Paul Ian M.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Reports describing factors associated with sleep-related infant death rely on caregiver report or postmortem findings. We sought to determine the frequency of environmental risk factors by using nocturnal sleep videos of infants.

METHODS:

Healthy, term newborns were recruited for a parent study examining the role of parenting in the development of nighttime infant sleep patterns. For 1 night at ages 1, 3, and 6 months, video recordings were conducted within family homes. Videos were coded for sudden infant death syndrome risk factors in post hoc secondary analyses after the parent study was completed.

RESULTS:

Among 160 one-month-olds, initially 21% were placed to sleep on nonrecommended sleep surfaces and 14% were placed nonsupine; 91% had loose/nonapproved items on their sleep surface, including bedding, bumper pads, pillows, stuffed animals, and sleep positioners. Among 151 three-month-olds, 10% were initially placed on a nonrecommended sleep surface, 18% were placed nonsupine, and 87% had potentially hazardous items on their sleep surface. By 6 months, 12% of the 147 infants initially slept on a nonrecommended surface, 33% were placed to bed nonsupine, and 93% had loose/nonrecommended items on their surface. At 1, 3, and 6 months, 28%, 18%, and 12% changed sleep locations overnight, respectively, with an increased likelihood of bed-sharing and nonsupine position at the second location at each time point.

CONCLUSIONS:

Most parents, even when aware of being recorded, placed their infants in sleep environments with established risk factors. If infants were moved overnight, the second sleep environment generally had more hazards.
Estresse em cuidadores de crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade
Authors: Faria Ana Maria Del Bianco , Cardoso Carmen Lúcia
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar o estresse, auto-percepção de estresse e de fatores estressantes em cuidadores de crianças com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Participaram 40 cuidadores, divididos em: Grupo clínico (G1) – 20 cuidadores de crianças diagnosticadas com TDAH; Grupo de comparação (G2) – 20 cuidadores de crianças sem TDAH. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos: Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp, Questionário de Auto-Percepção de estresse. Os resultados apontaram percentual de cuidadores com indicadores de estresse significativamente maior no G1 do que encontrado no G2 (p = 0,001). No G1 houve maior percepção de estresse no convívio com a criança (p < 0,001), no cuidado com a criança (p < 0,001) e maior percepção de estresse (p = 0,003) quando comparados ao G2. Destaca-se a necessidade de cuidado ao cuidador, pois a vivência de estresse afeta a qualidade de vida, bem como a relação e o vínculo entre este e a criança.
Model tests on the bearing capacity of reinforced saturated sand ground
Authors: Huang C. C.
Published: August 2016

The majority of previous studies on the failure mechanisms and design methods for reinforced earth slabs have been based on test results for air-dried or low moisture-content soils. In reality, a state of saturation may be a worst-case scenario for an in-service reinforced soil foundation. The validity of existing knowledge regarding reinforced soil foundations for saturated ground is yet to be examined. In this study, reduced-scale models of reinforced horizontal ground consisting of saturated sands are loaded to failure using a relatively fast displacement rate to explore the mechanism governing the failure of saturated ground. Special focus is placed on the generation of excess porewater pressures, Δu, as a function of the reinforcement placement density (Rd). A theory on the generation of Δu in reinforced saturated ground is proposed based on the stress–strain behaviour of sands. Experimental evidence shows that the maximum tensile strain for a specific layer of reinforcement is located within ± 0.5B of the centreline of a footing of width B, suggesting that maximum tensile strains occur in the deep-footing zone. The maximum reinforcement strains are mobilised in the bottom layer of reinforcement rather than the upper layer. This reflects the small and large shear strains in the zone of deep-footing effect (the A zone) and the zone under the deep footing (the B zone), respectively, as observed previously using a photogrammetric method.
AVALIAÇÃO DA FORÇA MUSCULAR RESPIRATÓRIA EM DOENTES RENAIS CRÔNICOS SUBMETIDOS À HEMODIÁLISE.
Authors: Do Nascimento Calles Ana Carolina , Soares de Vasconcelos André Luiz , Roberto Duarte Luanna , Costa Toledo Pacheco Nathália
Published: August 2016

Introdução. Alterações da função respiratória são frequentes em pacientes com doença renal crônica, caracterizadas pela fraqueza muscular, distúrbios da mecânica respiratória, limitação do fluxo aéreo distal e ocorre assim uma miopatia urêmica, resultante da deterioração do sistema musculoesquelético, representando um dos principais contribuintes do enfraquecimento da musculatura respiratória. Objetivo. Avaliar a força muscular respiratória de doentes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise e o nível de atividade física, bem como correlacionar essas variáveis. Métodos.  Tratou-se de um estudo transversal observacional realizado com doentes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise. Foram avaliados as pressões inspiratória máxima (PImáx) e expiratória máxima (PEmáx), por manovacuometria e o nível de atividade física através do questionário de atividade física habitual de Baecke. Resultados. Foram avaliados 96 doentes renais crônicos, com idade média de 51,93±14,73 anos, tempo médio de hemodiálise de 70,3±53,4 meses e IMC médio de 22,13±13,79 kg/m². 58(60,4%) eram homens e 67(69,80%) apresentaram IMC normal. 23 (29,16%) e 53 (59,37%) pacientes apresentaram PImáx e PEmáx abaixo do limite inferior do previsto, respectivamente. 84 (87,5%) pacientes encontravam-se sedentários, no entanto não houve correlação entre a força muscular respiratória e o nível de atividade física nesses pacientes. Conclusão. Doentes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico apresentam diminuição da força muscular respiratória, sendo nesse estudo evidenciado principalmente da expiratória, como também apresenta alto índice de sedentarismo. Não foi observado correlação entre as variáveis analisadas nestes pacientes.
PADRÕES DE VARIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO AR E FATORES TERMOFÍSICOS NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Araujo Vieira Elamara Marama , Norte da Silva Jonhatan Magno , Falcão Cláudio Anselmo , Lopes da Silva Erivaldo , Bueno da Silva Luíz
Published: August 2016

Objetiva-se verificar os padrões de concentração e dispersão de material particulado suspenso de tamanhos 0,5µm (PM0,5), 1µm (PM1) e 5µm (PM5) em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, identificando qual a interferência da temperatura e umidade do ar em tais padrões. Os dados foram coletados no mês de setembro de 2014 com o equipamento Fluke 983. A análise dos dados foi realizada por testes de medidas de tendência central e testes paramétrico e não-paramétrico correlacionando as variáveis de interesse para α≤0,05. Observou-se que as condições da qualidade do ar, em termos de concentração da PM foram uniformes em toda a UTI. Quando avaliada separadamente por turnos, a correlação entre PM0,5 e PM1 variou entre 0,80 e 0,99. Porém, considerando apenas o tamanho das partículas, o turno da manhã apresentou concentrações significativamente distintas em relação ao turno da tarde e noite. Em relação às variáveis termoambientais, o turno da tarde registrou a maior temperatura do ar (29,14°C ± 0,7) e a menor umidade (53,06 ± 1,3); e no turno da noite, ao contrário, registrou a menor temperatura do ar (23,06 ± 1,22) e a maior umidade (64,46 ± 2,05). As correlações representativas entre as partículas por turno na UTI enfatizam que partículas PM1 podem estar acompanhadas de outras com tamanho menor, com possível efeito mediador da temperatura. A união entre estas partículas gera um conjunto de partículas representativo, e este poderá afetar às vias respiratórias e outros órgãos, comprometendo assim a saúde de profissionais e de pessoas em atendimento na UTI
Questões pós-estruturalistas sobre referências culturais
Authors: Dias Juliana Michaello Macêdo
Published: August 2016

Este artigo surge de reflexões fomentadas pela experiência de pesquisa no Projeto de Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial em Alagoas. Tal projeto partiu de recomendações metodológicas do Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais – INRC – que consiste em identificar, documentar e registrar bens culturais, de natureza imaterial, para atender a demanda pelo reconhecimento de bens representativos da diversidade e pluralidade culturais de grupos formadores da sociedade brasileira além de apreender os sentidos e valores atribuídos ao patrimônio cultural pelos moradores da região inventariada. O projeto, fruto de um convênio entre o IPHAN e a Secretaria de Cultura do Estado de Alagoas, foi desenvolvido por três grupos de pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Alagoas entre 2015 e 2016. Para além do inventário propriamente dito, produzido como cartografia das referências culturais do estado como um todo, a pesquisa permitiu discutir uma série de questões teórico-metodológicas que atravessam a própria ideia de tal projeto, bem como as interpelações que surgiram a partir da imersão de um dos grupos de trabalho – o Grupo de Pesquisa Nordestanças – nas territorializações dos sertões alagoanos. Parte destas questões e discussões trazidas à tona sob o olhar pós-estruturalista são o foco deste trabalho.
MORTALIDADE INFANTOJUVENIL POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS EM SERGIPE NO PERÍODO DE 2008 A 2012
Authors: Bento de Oliveira Silverlane , Fonseca Vania , Dantas Carvalho Camila , Rangel e Souza Geza Thais , Sales Coelho Andressa , Moura de Melo Claudia
Published: August 2016

A mortalidade por causas externas, tomada como expressão máxima da violência, vem aumentando no Brasil. Em Sergipe essa problemática pode ser vista por meio das altas taxas nos homicídios, mortes por acidentes de transporte e outras causas externas de lesões acidentais. Esses fenômenos da violência deixaram o estado em evidência, principalmente em 2013, quando ocupou a 4ª posição no ranking dos estados mais violentos do Brasil, principalmente pelas altas taxas de homicídios vitimando crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as principais causas externas de mortalidade que vitimaram, entre 2008 a 2012, essa população específica no estado de Sergipe. Embora algumas pesquisas apontem o referido estado como o menos violento do Nordeste, os resultados deste trabalho apresentaram dados significativos capazes de confrontar essas afirmativas, principalmente nos homicídios, acidentes de transporte e outras causas externas de lesões acidentais. Essas três causas, por sua vez, apresentaram tendência de crescimento em todas as faixas etárias analisadas, com foco, sobretudo para o gênero masculino.
A LÍNGUA ESPANHOLA NA FORMAÇÃO COMERCIAL NO BRASIL (1905-1931)
Authors: Guimarães Anselmo
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho investigou o processo de institucionalização do ensino da língua espanhola no ensino comercial superior brasileiro, por meio da análise da legislação educacional, bem como de relatórios e outros textos publicados em jornais, no período de 1905 a 1931. O recorte foi escolhido tendo em vista duas normas legais. Inicialmente, o Decreto nº 1.339 de 9 de janeiro de 1905, por meio do qual a língua espanhola entra pela primeira vez nos currículos formais brasileiros. Para término, o Decreto nº 20.158, de 30 de junho de 1931, que organizou o ensino comercial e suprimiu o ensino da língua espanhola dos seus currículos. Este trabalho fez uma aproximação das finalidades da implantação institucional do ensino da língua espanhola no ensino comercial no Brasil e suas configurações pedagógicas e culturais.
A TV PÚBLICA E SEU COMPROMISSO COM A EDUCAÇÃO PÚBLICA: O CASO ESCOLA 2.0
Authors: Almeida Siderly do Carmo Dahle
Published: August 2016

Entre as invenções mais importantes do século XX, figura a televisão e a programação de sua grade de canais vem exercendo sólida influência no cotidiano das pessoas, especialmente se for examinado seu impacto no que concerne aos aspectos da formação das atitudes, dos valores e dos comportamentos humanos. Esta pesquisa tem por intenção apresentar e analisar o Programa “Escola 2.0”, idealizado e produzido por uma televisão pública - a TV Cultura, da Fundação Padre Anchieta (FPA). Para poder realizar uma produção voltada para um público tão específico, a FPA conta com o Núcleo Cultura Educação, que foi criado para acompanhar os avanços tecnológicos da contemporaneidade, integrando mídias para produzir e disseminar conteúdos na área educacional, cuja metodologia de produção educativa em multimídias é descrita e analisada neste estudo. O Escola 2.0 é resultado de uma política de educação que visa a melhoria na qualidade do ensino e da aprendizagem dentro da escola pública. A pesquisa tem como escopo averiguar criticamente as mensagens veiculadas e foi embasada em três diretrizes, a saber: as linguagens do programa, os seus conteúdos gerais e os seus conteúdos escolares. Com o olhar nas categorias elencadas no objetivo deste trabalho, “Construção de Conhecimento” e “Aprendizagem de Valores”, foram eleitas cinco subcategorias que traduzem efetivamente a preocupação com a qualidade da educação, sendo elas: “Currículo”, “Tecnologia” e “Integração de Saberes” e “Diálogo” e “Liberdade”. Nesse contexto de televisão pública comprometida com a qualidade dos temas escolares, a pesquisadora analisa os episódios apresentados na temporada 2010 do Programa.
The impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions
Authors: Manenji Tawanda , Marufu Barbra
Published: August 2016

This study examines the impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions in Zimbabwe. There is a belief that e-government brings about better change in governance issues through active disclosure of governance information. The research found out that e-government in Zimbabwe though still being nurtured, has better prospects and there is great need for clearly setting and meeting a conducive environment for it to flourish. That is a set of pre-requirements need to be assessed before trying to implement e-government into full swing. Zimbabwe lacks an unanimous e-government strategy across its ministries hence the existence of disparities in e-government adoption within the country – some ministries are more advanced while others only exhibit the first initial stages of e-government. However, the adoption of e-government in Zimbabwe has been hampered by a plethora of challenges ranging from politics, economics, social and technological. Among them include inadequate or weak legislative frameworks guiding and directing e-government implementation, budget constraints, digital divide as well as technological incompetence. The study also makes some recommendations as to how e-government prospects can be fully attained and such remedies among others include the passing of a comprehensive IT policy which cut across all government ministries, embracing Public Private Partnerships in building IT infrastructure, and redefining government’s top priorities and focus much on e-government investment. The paper also notes the effects of poor governance to a country. Zimbabwe’s e-government strategy if managed properly, would also reduce government external debt, improve service delivery, promote economic development, and increase public accountability and transparency within the public sector.
Configurable Web Warehouses construction through BPM Systems
Authors: Delgado Andrea , Marotta Adriana
Published: August 2016

The process of building Data Warehouses (DW) is well known with well defined stages but at the same time, mostly carried out manually by IT people in conjunction with business people. Web Warehouses (WW) are DW whose data sources are taken from the web. We define a flexible WW, which can be configured accordingly to different domains, through the selection of the web sources and the definition of data processing characteristics. A Business Process Management (BPM) System allows modeling and executing Business Processes (BPs) providing support for the automation of processes. To support the process of building flexible WW we propose a two BPs level: a configuration process to support the selection of web sources and the definition of schemas and mappings, and a feeding process which takes the defined configuration and loads the data into the WW. In this paper we present a proof of concept of both processes, with focus on the configuration process and the defined data.
PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle Linn) UNTUK MENGHAMBAT BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila DAN TOKSISITASNYA PADA IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus) (THE USE OF PIPER BETLE LINN EXTRACT ON AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA TO OBSTRUCT AND THE TOKSISITY TO PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS)
Authors: Aisiah Siti , Muhammad Muhammad , Anita Anita
Published: August 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui   daya  hambat  daun  sirih   yang  paling  besar  terhadap  bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila, mengetahui konsentrasi minimal ekstrak daun sirih yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri  A. hydrophila  dan mengetahui toksisitas konsentrasi efektif dari  ekstrak daun sirih terhadap ikan patin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk  uji toksisitas  adalah rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu A  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 75%, B  = Ikan disuntik dengan ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 25%, C  = Kontrol positif (ikan disuntik dengan akuades steril) dan D  = Kontrol negatif (ikan tidak disuntik), diulang 3 kali. Hasil uji sensitivitas antibakteri daun sirih yang mempunyai daya hambat dan daya bunuh paling besar terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila adalah ekstrak daun sirih-metanol. Pengujian MIC menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih-metanol memiliki daya hambat minimal 25 % terhadap aktivitas bakteri A. hydrophila. Hasil uji toksisitas yang dilakukan terhadap ikan patin dengan konsentrasi 75% dan 25% menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas yang terjadi tidak mencapai 50%. Pengamatan hematologis pada masing-masing perlakuan menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kesehatan ikan patin. Parameter kualitas air pada penelitian ini yaitu, , kadar oksigen terlarut,  pH, amoniak, CO2 dan suhu masih dapat mendukung kehidupan ikan patin.This research was aimed a finding the part of Piper betle Linn  which had the biggest resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and to know the minimal concentrate which could obstruct the growth of A. hydrophila  bacteria and to know effective concentrate toxicity of P. betle Linn  to Pangasius hypophthalmus.  The random sampling used proportionate stratified random sampling. In toxicity test, it had be done 4 treatment, which was given to fish, those were : A = fish was injected with 25 % concentrate of extract  P. betle Linn  leaves, B = fish was injected with 75 % concentrate of extract  P. betle Linn  leaves, C =  positive control (fish was injected with sterile aquadest), and D = negative control (fish wasn’t injected) and 3 trial. Sensivity result of A. hydrophila bacteria to P. betle Linn  showed that the axtract of Piper betle Linn  leaves-methanol had bigger activity than others.  Depended on MIC test of the leaves P. betle Linn-methanol extract showed result that the extract had 25% minimal bloked concentrate to A. hydrophila  bacteria. The result of toxicity test of  P. betle Linn 75% and 25%  leaves was no mortality 50% of P. hypophthalmus. Water quality parameter during experiment like dissolving oxygen, pH, ammonia, CO2, and temperature were still in reasonable range for Pangasius hypophthalmus.
PERKEMBANGAN OOSIT INDUK Osteochilus hasselti C.V. YANG DIBERI HORMON ESTRADIOL-17β DAN PAKAN DENGAN KADAR PROTEIN BERBEDA
Authors: Santo Andri Prajaka , Susilo Untung , Wijayanti Gratiana E
Published: August 2016

The availability of fish seed is very important in fish propagation. Good quality of fish seeds were produced by a good brooder which characterized a large number of egg production at spawning. The aims of this research were to evaluate the oocytes development in the hard-lipped Barb (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.) given 17β-estradiol, different percentage of protein in the diet, and their combination. This research was conducted experimentally applying Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was percentage of protein in the diet consisted of 4 levels namely 25% (P1), 30% (P2), 35% (P3), and 40% (P4), the second factor was dose of 17β-estradiol benzoate (EB) consisted of 3 levels namely 0 µg/kg of body weight (D0), 126 µg/kg of body weight (D1), and 210 µg/kg of body weight (D2), thus there were 12 combinations of treatment with 3 replicates. The results showed that neither of protein proportion or 17β-estradiol affected the proportion of oocytes of any developmental stage (p>0,05) within the first two weeks post spawning. The treatments, however, significantly increased the proportion of oocytes at V3-V5, V6-V7, and post-vitellogenic stages (p<0,05) started at week 4th post spawning. The GSI increased in correlation to the proportions of oocytes at stage ≥ V6 (r=0,701; p<0,01) and the dose of 17β-estradiol (r = 0.357, p <0.05). There was no significant different on GSI amongst the experimental groups. The HSI tend to decrease as the dose of 17β-estradiol increased (r = -0.210, p> 0.05). In conclusion, the percentage of protein in the diet and different doses of 17β-estradiol improved oocyte development of Hard-Lipped Barb (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.).
AKTIVITAS PROTEASE DAN AMILASE PADA HEPATOPANKREAS DAN INTESTINE IKAN NILEM Osteochilus hasselti C.V.
Authors: Al Gadri Syarifah Fauziah , Susilo Untung , Priyanto Slamet
Published: August 2016

Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti C.V) merupakan ikan omnivora dari familia Cyprinidae. Jenis pakan yang dikonsumsi berkaitan dengan alat pencernaan yang dimilikinya. Pencernaan pada ikan tersebut terjadi di dalam usus halus dan berlangsung secara enzimatis. Enzim-enzim yang aktif pada saluran pencernaannya adalah protease dan amilase yang dihasilkan oleh pankreas dan hepatopankreas. Aktivitas enzim pencernaan diketahui dengan mengukur banyaknya mikromol maltosa dan tirosin yang dihasilkan per menit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan aktivitas protease dan amilase pada hepatopankreas dan intestine ikan Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan nantinya akan digunakan sebagai dasar formulasi pemberian pakan yang cocok untuk ikan omnivora salah satunya adalah ikan Nilem (Osteochilus hasselti C.V.). Materi yang digunakan adalah ikan Nilem berukuran 9-16 cm dengan bobot 5-50 gram. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode survey dengan purposive random sampling dengan rancangan percobaan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial 3x4 dan empat kali pengulangan. Sampel dikelompokkan menjadi tiga ukuran yang berbeda dengan bobot 5-10 g dan panjang 9-10 cm, 11-25 g dan panjang 11-12 cm dan 35-50 g dengan panjang 13-16 cm. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu one way analisis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT). Hasil uji BNT menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas protease dan amilase ikan Nilem tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan ukuran tubuh ikan. Aktivitas protease dan amilase ikan Nilem berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan organ pencernaan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara aktivitas protease dan amilase dengan ukuran tubuh ikan Nilem; serta ada hubungan antara aktivitas protease dan amilase dengan organ pencernaan ikan Nilem.
STUDI KOMUNITAS RUMPUT LAUT PADA BERBAGAI SUBSTRAT DI PERAIRAN PANTAI PERMISAN KABUPATEN CILACAP
Authors: Ferawati Eti , Widyartini Dwi Sunu , Insan Ilalqisny
Published: August 2016

Seaweed naturally grows in substrate of sand, mixing between sand, mud and shell fragments, and also coral. Previous researches stated that there were types of seaweed that able to grow in more than one substrates. The aims of this research was to know the community structure such as diversity, domination, evenness, and similarity of seaweed on various substrates in Permisan beach, Central java. This research used survey method and samples were randomly selected for each substrate with quadrate of 1 x 1 m2. The research found that 20 kinds of seaweeds with biomass for about 4,669 g. Seven kinds of seaweed that grow in sand substrate with biomass for about 0,636 g, 20 kinds of seaweed in coral substrate with biomass for about 2,399 g, and 12 kinds of seaweeds in mixing substrate with biomass for about 1,634 g. Diversity index value in Permisan beach was ranging between 0,064-0,828 and categorized as low. Domination index value was ranging between 0,213-1,193, which means there was dominating variety. Evenness index value was ranging between 0,021-0,276, which means the community was unstable. The highest similarity index value was coral substrate-mixing for about 75%.
KARAKTERISASI BEBERAPA STRAIN GURAMI Osphronemus gouramy Lac. MENGGUNAKAN MARKA RAPD
Authors: Sari Anisa Kartika , Nuryanto Agus , Susanto Agus Hery
Published: August 2016

Giant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramy Lac. is a popular fish species in Indonesia, especially in Java and Sumatera as this freshwater fish species has a high economic value of stable price. Fish farmers in Bogor divide giant gouramy into six strains based on egg productivity, growth rate, and maximum weight of the adult. They are soang, jepang, blue saphire, paris, bastar, and porselin. These various strains lead to the need of study on the genetic relationship among them, which can be performed by the use of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) marker. This study aims to determine primers producing consistent and polymorphic RAPD markers, determine specific RAPD markers, and know the genetic relationship among several giant gouramy strains. The strains used in this study are soang, jepang, and blue saphire. Survey method was applied employing purposive random sampling technique. Total genomic DNA was isolated using Genjettm genomic DNA purification kit (Fermentas), which was then used as template to amplify RAPD markers with primers OPA-07, OPA-09, OPA-11, OPA-20, OPAH-01, OPAH-08, OPAH-09, and OPAC-14. The variables examined were patterns and numbers of specific DNA fragments as the PCR amplification products. Selected primers were determined descriptively on the basis of specific DNA bands appearing on the agarose gel. Genetic diversity was predetermined by changing qualitative band pattern into quantitative binnary data. Genetic relationship was analyzed using cladistic method with PAUP software. The results showed that only five of the eight primers produce consistent and polymorphic RAPD markers, i.e. OPA-11, OPA-20, OPAH-1, OPAH-8, and OPAH-9. Specific RAPD markers which can be used to distinguish several gouramy strains are those amplified with OPA-20 of 786 bp, OPA-20 of 1,176 bp, OPAH-8 of 1,000 bp and OPAC-14 of 1,607 bp. Nervertheless, it was found that RAPD markers cannot be used to clearly determine genetic relationship among gouramy strains.
Financing and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs): a conceptual view
Authors: Bayai Innocent , Ikhide Sylvanus
Published: August 2016

Recent evidence shows that MFI financing continues to evolve with an increased inclination towards commercial financing. Taking stock on MFI financing and refocusing on the relationship between financing options and financial sustainability (FS) is unavoidable. The authors consummated a literature review based on complementing the little evidence on the subject with both theoretical and implied evidence from related studies in unpacking the relationship. Though donations are losing grip as a popular MFI financing option, review of literature recommends smart subsidies to spur FS and counter inefficiency, mis-targetting, dependency and distortions. As much as debt addresses agency problems and endorses FS, it has to be kept within limits to curb liquidation and mission drift. Deposit attraction augments FS and outreach, though MFIs must prepare to foot licensing costs, otherwise, mission drift ensues. Equity, though scarce in microfinance, is cheap and additive to FS. The authors suggest that MFIs should consider commercial funding, whilst keeping a check on the downside of each commercial financing option to augment FS and multiply outreach
Study on the characteristics of the torque vibration and the detection of the gap
Authors: Chen Shujin , Ni Ruiyang , Lu Sheng , Zhou Yang , Dong Jianghui
Published: August 2016

Bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) is a new solid-state welding technology that has been developed successfully in many joining applications, such as thick plate and hollow component welding. The existence of the gap can possibly cause an unstable welding, and the variety of the torque is closely related to the existence of the gap. Compared with the conventional friction stir welding (FSW), BTFSW has the different tool and welding process, especially some new feature of the periodic vibration signal arises when welding two sheets in the presence of gaps. Compared with vibration-accelerated signal, torque signal is capable of reflecting the vibration of the welding process. The aim of this study was to develop an effective algorithm to detect gaps in BTFSW operations. Experimental studies were conducted to determine the features of welding process parameters and the gap. Time-frequency (TF) analysis provides a display of subtle torque features, shows the corresponding duration of low frequency signal clearly. Followed by a low-pass filter, gauss wavelet transform (WT) algorithm would improve the detection and identification of the gap presence. Several experimental studies with a variety of process parameters and proposed algorithm was shown to be able to reliably detect the presence of gaps in BTFSW operations for traverse speeds below 200 mm/min and gap sizes above 0.3 mm. This gauss WT algorithm could become a useful noninvasive tool for welding quality assessment in practice.
Vibration modes of the rotor system of turbocharger with floating-ring bearing
Authors: Li Huibin , Zhang Chenxia , Zhang Yue , Hou Lei
Published: August 2016

In this paper, in order to investigate the natural modes of the rotor system of turbocharger, the analytical model of floating-ring bearing, the FEM and modal test technology were employed. Firstly, based on Reynolds equations of the dynamic oil layer of floating-ring bearing, the oil layer pressure was obtained by using the finite difference algorithm. Then the stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients were calculated by using integration method. Next the FEM model of rotor system with supporting stiffness of floating-ring bearings was established. Then the natural modes of rotor system were simulated with considering the oil layer stiffness of the floating-ring bearings and the rotor’s rotating speeds. Lastly, the natural modes were identified with modal test technology and furthermore the FEM calculation results were verified. The investigation shows that the oil layer stiffness of the floating-ring bearings and rotating speeds of the rotor have great influences on vibration modes of the rotor system.
Nonlinear interaction of elastic waves in solid porous material under the condition of phase-group synchronism
Authors: Erofeev Vladimir I. , Dar’enkov Andrei B. , Plekhov Aleksandr S. , Shokhin Alexander E.
Published: August 2016

Nonlinear interaction of quasiharmonic longitudinal waves, which propagate in solid porous material, was investigated theoretically. It was shown that as a result of such interaction between low-frequency waves (vibration field) and high-frequency waves (ultrasound) an ultrasound wave of summarized frequency would be generated. This newly generated wave can be in a phase-group synchronism with the vibration field. Analytical analysis qualitatively agrees with experimental data of ultrasound generation through seismic load.
Analytically optimal parameters of fractional-order dynamic vibration absorber
Authors: Shen Yongjun , Peng Haibo , Wen Shaofang , Yang Shaopu , Xing Haijun
Published: August 2016

In this paper the optimal parameters of the fractional-order Voigt type dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) are analytically studied for two cases, named asH∞andH2optimization criteria. At first the approximately analytical solution is obtained by the averaging method when the primary system is subjected to harmonic excitation. Then the optimal fractional coefficient and order are obtained based onH∞optimization criterion, which is designed to minimize the maximum amplitude magniﬁcation factor of the primary system. Based on H2optimization criterion, the optimal fractional parameters are obtained to reduce the total vibration energy of the primary system over the whole-frequency range. The comparisons of the approximate solutions with the numerical ones in the two cases are fulfilled, and the results verify that the approximately analytical solutions are correct and satisfactorily precise. At last the control performance of the fractional-order Voigt type DVA is compared with the classical integer-order counterpart, and it could be concluded that the fractional-order DVA has superiority in vibration engineering, and fractional-order element could replace the traditional damper and spring simultaneously in some cases.
Stress-strain response analysis and protective device design for buried pipeline impacted by perilous rock
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liang Zheng , Xia Chengyu
Published: August 2016

Collapse of perilous rocks is one of the most severe geological disasters for pipeline security. Stress-strain response of a buried pressure pipeline impacted by a perilous rock was simulated. Effects of impact velocity, rock’s radius, pipeline’s wall thickness, surrounding soil’s elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio on stress, strain and deformation of the buried pipeline were investigated. The results show that the buried pipeline’s upper part is prone to instability under the rock impact. Plastic area of the buried pipeline becomes from oval to bat type with the impact load increases. Strain of the impact dent center is a compressive strain, while it is a tensile strain on the two sides of the dent. High stress area, axial strain and plastic strain of the buried pipeline increase with the increasing of impact velocity and rock’s radius, but they decrease with the increasing of wall thickness and soil’s elasticity modulus. Surrounding soil’s Poisson’s ratio has a small effect on the stress and strain of the pipeline. Impact dent’s size increases with the increasing of impact velocity and rock’s radius. Dent depth decreases with the surrounding soil’s elasticity modulus increases. With the wall thickness increases, impact dent depth first increases and then decreases. Finally, a protective device of buried pipeline is designed for preventing perilous rock impact. It can reduce the failure probability and improve the service life of buried pipeline for its simple structure and convenient installation.
A practical method for calculating eigenfrequencies of a cantilever microbeam with the attached tip mass
Authors: Yaylı Mustafa Özgür , Yerel Kandemir Süheyla , Çerçevik Ali Erdem
Published: August 2016

This paper is concerned with the free vibration of cantilever microbeams with attached tip mass in a systematical manner. Small size eﬀects on the vibrations of the microbeam are taken into consideration by introducing a scale parameter. A Fourier sine series is used to represent the lateral displacement function. Stokes’ transformation is applied in the present formulation and corresponding derivatives are presented explicitly. The present formulations can be readily reduced to those for others classical elasticity models by setting corresponding small scale parameter to zero. Several parametric studies are performed to validate the present solutions and the effects of various important physical parameters (scale parameter, tip mass) are investigated.
Fuzzy control of active suspension system
Authors: Palanisamy Senthilkumar , Karuppan Sivakumar
Published: August 2016

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of active suspension system, using suspension deflection of the vehicle body as the principal criterion of control and fuzzy-logic as the control scheme. This work describes the application of fuzzy logic technique to the control of a continuously damping automotive suspension system. Active suspension systems are multivariable dynamic systems for which it is difficult to derive mathematical models. Therefore, analytical control schemes based on such models are complex to construct and generally do not perform well in practice. Hence intelligent control schemes like fuzzy logic controllers that can control the un modelled part of the suspension dynamics are simple to realize and can yield accurate control. This paper has described a proposed fuzzy control scheme for suspensions of the vehicle, because of its inherent ability to represent dynamics, the controller is easy to adapt for control tasks. The paper also describes the model and controller used in the study and discusses the vehicle response results obtained from a range of road input simulations. The simulation results obtained have confirmed the feasibility of the proposed fuzzy control scheme in Active suspension system.
A review of command shaping techniques for elimination of residual vibrations in flexible-joint manipulators
Authors: Conker Caglar , Yavuz Hakan , Bilgic Hasan Huseyin
Published: August 2016

Command shaping is an important open-loop control method for improving the settling time and positioning accuracy. This technique also minimizes residual vibrations. Shaped command profiles are formed by convolving a sequence of impulses or solving special functions for the desired command signal. To determine the input shaper controller commands, estimated values of the system natural frequency and damping ratio are required to make the necessary calculations. However, real systems cannot be modelled precisely, while robustness of the shaper to modelling errors is an important design consideration. Many robust input shapers have been developed and reported in the literature. It has been observed that the robust shapers typically have longer travelling time durations that lead to slow system response. This makes a relationship between shaper rising/travelling time and robustness. This paper presents a review of command shaping methods and analyses the compromise between duration of motion and shaper robustness for positive and smoothly shaped reference commands.
Numerical and experimental simulation of damaged rock with randomly oriented cracks by shock disturbance
Authors: Wu Wanrong , Lou Lei
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of shock-disturbed cracks on the dynamic fragmentation of granite. Considering the complex behavior of rock materials, the Walsh’s model was revisited and extended by including the stress effect required to close an initially open crack and examining the unloading process in detail. This analysis leads to closed-form expressions for loading and unloading portions of the effective Young’s modulus, as functions of the crack density, characteristic aspect ratio, and crack friction coefficient. Subsequently, the effective Young’s modulus and cutting force are simulated and the influence of cracks is studied. The analysis results with different crack density and disturbed frequency are compared in terms of effective Young’s modulus and cutting force. Finally, the tool and damaged rock model with randomly oriented cracks by shock disturbed at a different frequency was demonstrated by the test. The good agreement between the simulation results and experimental data demonstrates the validity of the simulation method.
Study of the seismic performance of steel frames in the elliptic bracing
Authors: Ghasemi Jouneghani Habib , Haghollahi Abbas , Moghaddam Hassan , Sarvghad Moghadam Abdolreza
Published: August 2016

This article appraises the seismic performance of a new braced steel structural system called elliptic braced moment resisting frame (ELBRF). Apart from improving the behavior of a structure, ELBRF is found non-problematic for the bracing system in a given architectural space. In this study, a single cycle time has been used for evaluating the proposed ELBRF. Here, methods of seismic design of structures as well as effective parameters in the seismic design of steel braced including ductility factor, overstrength coefficient and behavior factors, which were obtained by using capacity curves, have been presented through an adaptive pushover analysis (APA). Result of the nonlinear analysis showed that the strength and capacity of energy dissipation in the elliptic bracing system (ELBRF) is more than the system of special moment resisting frames (SMRF), coaxial braced frame (CBF) X-Braced, Inverted-V Braced CBF. Likewise, the permitted relative displacement, where the braced frame reaches to step buckling, is more in ELBRF.
Synchronization and coupling dynamic characteristics of a dual-rotors exciter
Authors: Chen Xiaozhe , Kong Xiangxi , Liu Yunshan , Wen Bangchun
Published: August 2016

In this work, some theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and experimental results on synchronization of a dual-rotors exciter are given. The exciter is made up of two rotors with eccentric masses (REMs) respectively driven by two DC motors with common axis. By adjusting the phase difference between two REMs to change the response amplitude, the decoupling between response amplitude and exciting frequency can be realized. The motion equations of the vibration system are established by using Lagrange equation, and the dimensionless coupling equations of that are obtained by applying the average method of small parameter. According to the existence condition of the zero solution of the dimensionless coupling equations, the synchronization condition of the vibration system is obtained. The stability condition of the vibration system implementing synchronization motion is acquired based on the principle of Hamilton. Through the comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results, the validity of theoretical analyses is proved, which helps the design of the dual-rotors exciter.
Implementation of a simulation inversion method into estimating the damping coefficient in blasting
Authors: Li Qingwen , Chen Lu , Qiao Lan
Published: August 2016

Damping is a mechanism of energy dissipation in shock and vibration. It is difficult to obtain the damping coefficient by theoretical method accurately because of varying material properties, vibration velocity and frequency, especially for the millisecond delay blasting in tunnel excavation. Therefore, the most effective method is simulation inversion by employing large-scale monitoring data, accurate blast loading model and detailed mechanical parameters. In this paper, in-situ monitoring data was acquired by Blasting Vibration Recorder. The accurate blast loading was calculated on the basis of neural network method, so the contribution rate coefficient of every sequence blasting in total millisecond delay blasting could be confirmed. Mechanical parameter of the host rock was acquired by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test. In order to predict the simulated velocity, the numerical model in physical dimensions was built by FLAC3D, alongside the constitutive parameters from laboratory tests and different damping coefficients. Compared with the monitoring attenuation law, the damping coefficient of host rock could be finally confirmed.