bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approximal Caries Detection by DIFOTI:In VitroComparison of Diagnostic Accuracy/Efficacy with Film and Digital Radiography
Authors: Ástvaldsdóttir Á. , Åhlund K. , Holbrook W. P. , de Verdier B. , Tranæus S.
Published: November 2012

The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy/efficacy of digital imaging fiber-optic transillumination (DIFOTI) with film and digital radiography, in detection of approximal caries lesions. One hundred and twelve approximal surfaces were scored for caries, using DIFOTI images film and digital radiographs. All three sets of images were examined twice by 8 observers, with a minimal interval of one week between examinations. Validation of histological sections served as a reference standard. Reproducibility, based on intra- and interobserver agreement, was similar for all three methods. At diagnostic threshold D1 (enamel and dentin caries), DIFOTI showed significantly higher sensitivity, but differences in specificity between methods were nonsignificant. Diagnostic accuracy in the form of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was significantly higher for DIFOTI. At diagnostic threshold D3 (dentin caries), the differences in sensitivity and AUC among methods were nonsignificant, but DIFOTI showed significantly lower specificity. Compared with the radiographs, DIFOTI showed closer agreement, expressed as weighted kappa values, with the reference standard. The results show that underin vitroconditions, the diagnostic accuracy of DIFOTI in detecting early approximal enamel lesions is greater than that of film and digital radiography, while the potential for detecting lesions in dentin is similar for all three methods.
Gel-Based and Gel-Free Quantitative Proteomics Approaches at a Glance
Authors: Abdallah Cosette , Dumas-Gaudot Eliane , Renaut Jenny , Sergeant Kjell
Published: November 2012

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is widely applied and remains the method of choice in proteomics; however, pervasive 2-DE-related concerns undermine its prospects as a dominant separation technique in proteome research. Consequently, the state-of-the-art shotgun techniques are slowly taking over and utilising the rapid expansion and advancement of mass spectrometry (MS) to provide a new toolbox of gel-free quantitative techniques. When coupled to MS, the shotgun proteomic pipeline can fuel new routes in sensitive and high-throughput profiling of proteins, leading to a high accuracy in quantification. Although label-based approaches, either chemical or metabolic, gained popularity in quantitative proteomics because of the multiplexing capacity, these approaches are not without drawbacks. The burgeoning label-free methods are tag independent and suitable for all kinds of samples. The challenges in quantitative proteomics are more prominent in plants due to difficulties in protein extraction, some protein abundance in green tissue, and the absence of well-annotated and completed genome sequences. The goal of this perspective assay is to present the balance between the strengths and weaknesses of the available gel-based and -free methods and their application to plants. The latest trends in peptide fractionation amenable to MS analysis are as well discussed.
Maximum Likelihood Estimators for a Supercritical Branching Diffusion Process
Authors: Olivares Pablo , Hernandez Janko
Published: November 2012

The log-likelihood of a nonhomogeneous Branching Diffusion Process under several conditions assuring existence and uniqueness of the diffusion part and nonexplosion of the branching process. Expressions for different Fisher information measures are provided. Using the semimartingale structure of the process and its local characteristics, a Girsanov-type result is applied. Finally, an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with finite reproduction mean is studied. Simulation results are discussed showing consistency and asymptotic normality.
Positive Solutions for Nonlinear First‐Order m‐Point Boundary Value Problem on Time Scales
Authors: Yaslan İsmail
Published: November 2012

By means of fixed‐point theorems, we investigate the existence of positive solutions for nonlinear first‐order m‐point boundary value problem xΔ(t) + a(t)x(σ(t)) = f(t, x(σ(t))),   t ∈ [t1, tm] ⊂ 𝕋, , where 𝕋 is a time scale, 0 ≤ t1 < t2 < ⋯<tm−1 < tm, α1, α2, …, αm−1 ≥ 0 are given constants.
The Concept of Integration in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Murphy Clíodhna
Published: November 2012

Integration has become a recurring theme of national immigration policies; and there has been a corresponding normative development of the concept to a certain degree in the European Union, both in soft policy and through references to integration in legally binding immigration measures. The difficulty in defining integration is a pervasive problem encountered by lawyers and sociologists attempting to understand the phenomenon. This article argues that the development of the concept of integration by the European Court of Human Rights has an important contribution to make to the debate, with the potential to provide a legal framework within which to situate integration policies at the national and the EU level. It assesses the concept of integration employed by the European Court of Human Rights, analysing the Court’s Article 8 immigration jurisprudence in terms of two core issues: first, the conception of integration employed in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights; and second, the implications of the development of the concept in terms of impacting on the right to remain in a State Party and family reunification, each a key integration issue. The article concludes that while the jurisprudence relating to what actually constitutes ‘integration’ is very much in its infancy, the express consideration of integration as a factor in the balancing exercise undertaken by the Court in the expulsion cases signifies the start of a normative development of the concept of integration by the European Court of Human Rights. Nevertheless, it remains to be seen whether the increased emphasis of the Court on the integration criterion in the Article 8 expulsion cases influences the Court’s approach to key integration issues such as family reunification and in turn whether this filters down to legislators and policymakers at the national level.
“Half Mandir and Half Gurdwara”: Three Local Hindu Communities in Manila, Jakarta, and Cologne
Authors: Hutter Manfred
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article concentrates on the different forms of “Hinduism” practiced by diaspora communities in Manila, North Jakarta and Cologne. It is obvious that the temples of these communities differ from other Hindu Mandirs, as these communities not only share common ideas with Sikh people in the diasporic surroundings, but also partly “share” temples. Some historically based reasons for this practice are offered. Studying these three communities in a comparative perspective also offers material for further studies of diaspora issues within Hinduism.
Situated Activities in a Dog Park: Identity and Conflict in Human-Animal Space
Authors: Jackson Patrick
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This study examines how people engage with the dynamic environment of the dog park in the face of unclear or ambiguous rules and emergent norms. Using participant observation, the analysis shows how, in the formal dog park, caretakers become “control managers” who must negotiate problems related to a variety of dog behaviors, especially mounting, aggression, and waste management. In this process, caretakers use various strategies to manage their own and others’ possible perceptions and understandings of appropriate behavior for dogs in public places.
„O Heiland reiß die Himmel auf“ Zu Textkritik, Syntax und Semantik von Jes 45,8
Authors: Gaß Erasmus
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Isa 45:8 presents various textcritical, syntactic and semantic difficulties. The problems with the numerus could be solved by a different syntactic structure of the sentences. To get a syntactically well-balanced verse, only a minor textcritical correction has to be done: “The earth will open, and relief and justice will break forth. It (= the earth) will let (them) sprout together”.
Contrast and Meaning in the ʾAqhat Story
Authors: Natan-Yulzary Shirly
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Creating contrast between different elements in the narrative is one of the Ugaritic poet’s main poetic devices. This literary tool is employed to encourage the audience to elicit and produce narrative meaning. In ʾAqhat it is a prominent technique, abundant in the lexical make up and stylistic texture of the narrative, in its content, as well as in the narrative structure.

The examples analyzed in the article represent only a sampling of the Ugaritic poet’s elaborate and complex range of literary creativity. They illustrate the prominence of this device and demonstrate that its use is akin to that familiar from biblical narrative. Thus, this essay also indirectly supports the thesis the literary precursors and background of biblical narrative poetics are reflected in the Ugaritic epics, and that these two corpora are representative of the same literary tradition, not only regard to thematics and language, but also in respect to their poetics.
Pisidian Antioch in Acts 13
Authors: Rothschild Clare K.
Published: November 2012

Abstract

According to Acts 13, after Barnabas and Paul confront the Jewish magician Bar-Jesus on Cyprus and successfully win the allegiance of Roman proconsul, Sergius Paulus, the fellow travelers visit Pisidian Antioch. On the Sabbath in Pisidian Antioch, Paul gives his first and only speech to Jews in Acts (13:16b-41). William M. Ramsay, subscribing to the “province” or “Southern Galatian” hypothesis, understands the addressees of Paul’s Letter to the Galatians to be those converted in response to this speech. Ramsay goes so far as to draw connections between the speech and Paul’s Letter to the Galatians. In contrast, H.D. Betz argues that Galatians was written to Gentiles in Northern Galatia. Betz sees no proof of the historicity of the Acts account and finds no compelling reason, therefore, to associate it with Paul’s Letter to the Galatians. A prolegomenon for both Ramsay and Betz is the purpose of Acts. Kirsopp Lake once asked whether it was “an accident that he [“Luke”] describes Paul’s first dealings with the Romans, the Corinthians, the Ephesians, and the Thessalonians,” noting that “Galatia was the remaining church which Paul founded and wrote to.” This essay argues that both Ramsay and Betz are in a sense correct. Paul’s visit to Pisidian Antioch in Acts 13 provides grounds for Paul’s foundation of the Galatic churches, irrespective of the historicity of its presentation in Acts. Further, it argues that such a stopover has a distinct narrative advantage; namely, it affords an attractively Romanesque stopover early in Paul’s travels for this Roman-born, Roman-named, Rome-bound missionary.
Effects of geographic isolation on anti-snakes responses in the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis
Authors: Durand Jonas , Legrand Arnaud , Tort Mélodie , Thiney Alice , Michniewicz Radika J. , Coulon Aurélie , Aubret Fabien
Published: November 2012

Alteration in anti-predatory behaviour following geographic isolation has been observed in a number of taxa. Such alteration was attributed to the effect of relaxed selection in the novel environment, reinforced by the cost of anti-predatory behaviours. We studied aspects of anti-snake behaviour in 987 adult and juvenile wall lizardsPodarcis muralisfrom two mainland areas (heavy snake predatory pressure) and two islands (low snake predatory pressure), isolated from the mainland 5000 and 7000 years ago. We conducted a scented retreat site choice experiment using the odours of five different snake species (saurophagous, piscivorous or generalist feeder). Mainland lizards avoided shelters scented by saurophagous snakes, but not those scented by non saurophagous snake species. Long isolated lizards (7000 years ago) showed no anti-predator response to any snake, suggesting a total loss of anti-predatory behaviour towards saurophagous snakes. More recently isolated lizards (5000 years ago) however showed anti-snake behaviour towards a former sympatric adder species, and a tendency to avoid the scent of a sympatric generalist feeder snake. There was no difference in the anti-snake responses between adult and juvenile wall lizards from all four sites, suggesting a limited role for experience (behavioural plasticity) in the expression of anti-snake behaviour in wall lizards.
Population genetics of the Halys pit viper (Gloydius halys) at the northern distribution limit in Siberia
Authors: Simonov Evgeniy , Wink Michael
Published: November 2012

We studied the genetic structure and diversity of a vulnerable population of the Halys pit viper (Gloydius halys) living at the northern distribution limit of the species (Novosibirsk Region, West Siberia, Russia) and fairly isolated from the nearest known locations (180-200 km). 157 snakes from three locations (separated by 5-11 km) were genotyped using 8 microsatellite loci. In addition, nucleotide sequences of a mitochondrial marker gene (ND4) were obtained from 30 individuals. Two mitochondrial haplotypes differing by one synonymous substitution could be detected. Haplotype H1 had a prevalence of 96.7%. High levels of genetic diversity (mean ) were detected and no evidence of a recent bottleneck in any sampling site could be discovered. We found thatG. halysexhibits a low, although significant, level of genetic differentiation on a fine geographic scale (overall FST = 0.013). The degree of differentiation is comparably low with regard to values reported for other vipers and more similar to those in Colubridae. In addition, using local based FSTestimates, we detected a significant difference in the extent of genetic drift between the centrally located and marginal local populations as predicted by the stepping-stone model of migration. Thus, from a short-term perspective, primary attention should be given to the peripheral local populations, due to limited immigration and stronger influence of genetic drift. Since all habitat patches are situated along the river and have a linear order it is important to preserve each habitat site to maintain gene flow across the metapopulation.
Seasonal and spatial variations of cladocerans on the northwest continental shelf of the South China Sea
Authors: Xiong Lan-Lan , Yin Jian-Qiang , Huang Liang-Min , Li Kai-Zhi , Lian Shu-Min
Published: November 2012

The seasonal and spatial variations of cladocerans were studied based on samples collected with 169 μm mesh plankton nets from July to August 2006 (summer), December 2006 to January 2007 (winter), and in April 2007 (spring) on the northwestern continental shelf of the South China Sea. Three species of cladocerans (Pseudevadne tergestina, Penilia avirostris, and Podon schmackeri) were observed. Cladocerans occur in spring and summer, but not in winter. They showed an average abundance of 12.82 (± 48.44) inds m−3 in spring and 64.66 (± 188.82) inds m−3 in summer. P. avirostris occurred in the inshore waters of the Leizhou Peninsula during spring, but in summer they were found in large number along the inshore waters from Leizhou Peninsula to the southeast of Hainan Island, with the highest abundance (1121.50 inds m−3). P. tergestina was the most dominant species both in spring and summer, being widely distributed throughout the whole surveyed area. P. schmackeri was distributed mainly along the inshore waters of the Leizhou Peninsula during spring, and mainly along the inshore waters of Hainan Island during the summer (with low density). Our results suggest that the unstable water environment resulting from the strong northeastern monsoon in winter may explain the absence of cladocerans in a large area of the northwest continental shelf of the South China Sea. High chlorophyll a concentration owing to physical factors (e.g., cold eddy, coastal upwelling and mixing) may be the main reason for the difference in the spatial distribution of cladocerans in the subtropical and tropical areas of our survey.
Thick and Thin Public Sentiments and the Politics of Immigration in Europe
Authors: Mohanty Pete
Published: November 2012

Abstract

“Thick moralities” are those that reflect the values or way of life of a community, while “thin” moralities are those that reflect more basic claims to decency that can be recognized across even the most diverse moral communities. I use the 2008 European Values Study to examine attitudes towards immigration and the politics of left and right in the European Union and in the Schengen Area. I show that thick preferences increase opposition to immigration in Europe and that thin preferences increase openness to immigration. I also demonstrate that thick values lead to support for the right and that thin values lead to support for the left in the majority of the countries studied.
Fascism as a Mass-Movement: Translator’s Introduction
Authors: Banaji Jairus
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This Introduction to Rosenberg’s essay starts with a brief synopsis of his life, then summarises the key arguments of the essay itself before looking briefly at the twin issues of the social base of the fascist parties (wider than just the ‘petty bourgeoisie’) and the passive complicity/compliance of ‘ordinary Germans’, as the literature now terms whole sectors of the civilian population that were defined by their apathy or moral indifference to the horrors of the Nazi state.
Plato’s The Republic, Book XI Editorial Introduction
Authors: Vegetti Mario
Published: November 2012

Abstract

In this newly edited Book XI of Plato’s Republic, to be considered as the authentic conclusion of the dialogue, Socrates meets a Stranger from Trier, and discusses with him the questions of social reform, power and future revolutions.
Tracing the Triple Helix: The Reformed and Ecumenical Shape of David Kelsey’s Theological Anthropology
Authors: Komline Han-luen Kantzer
Published: November 2012

Abstract

David Kelsey develops a theological anthropology in Eccentric Existence whose structure proves distinctly Reformed, though in a methodologically innovative way. Precisely this “Reformed” structure serves to open up ecumenically fruitful dimensions to his constructive proposal. After providing in broad strokes a sketch of the dense yet expansive theological anthropology advanced in Eccentric Existence, this essay homes in on a key image Kelsey implements to represent the shape of his account of human being, namely the image of the triple helix, by introducing its methodological underpinnings and basic structure. It then uses this image as a lens by which to bring into focus the unique location of Eccentric Existence in the larger contexts of Kelsey’s work and the Reformed and ecumenical Christian traditions.
Toward a Methodology and Public Discourse of Christological Concreteness: Lessons from a Discussion of Health Care Rationing in the United States
Authors: Brown Nicholas R.
Published: November 2012

Abstract

A recent passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has once again sparked fierce public debates within the United States over the permissibility of health care rationing. Unfortunately only a handful of public theologians have addressed this issue, and those who have often fail to draw upon Jesus’ ethical praxis. This article corrects this lacuna by offering a clarifying theological analysis and defence of one form of rationing, known as Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER), through a proposed method of Christological concreteness. The article begins by outlining which CER provisions are included in the ACA, and then discusses how they will re-shape US public health expenditures in the future. An examination of Richard Land’s and Jim Wallis’s theological evaluations of rationing is used to demonstrate that, while each is helpful in some respects, both omit the moral saliency of Jesus. To correct these shortcomings, the article draws upon some recent methodological trends within Christian ethics and devises a Christological method based upon a synthesis of integrative, canonical, reiterative, embodied and incarnational variables. Finally, a critical analysis of Allen Verhey’s discussion of health care rationing explains why his approach not only provides a compelling justification for using CER but also a preferable approach for public theology.
A Silver Phiale from the Scythian Barrow Semÿkina Mogila
Authors: Boltryk Yuri V. , Treister Mikhail Yu.
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article is devoted to the publication of the Scythian barrow Semÿkina Mogila, to the South of the town of Dnieprorudnoye, in the Zaporozhie Region, which was excavated in 1974 and which had contained two funerary structures looted in antiquity. This analysis is devoted to the burial of a warrior in the lateral catacomb: the grave goods from this burial included a set of bronze arrowheads and a silverphiale. The silverphialewhich had been standing next to the funeral feast has been the subject of detailed research. Thephialefrom Semÿkina Mogila has features in common with finds from Bashova Mogila in Thrace, from the Kuban region (now in the Maïkop Museum) and in the cache within Chmÿreva Mogila as regards its decoration, technique of manufacture, dimensions and, in part, weight. This enables us to date it to the first half of the 4thcentury BC, most probably the first quarter of that century. The date of the funerary complex can be determined as falling in the last quarter of the 4thcentury or even the turn of the fourth and third century BC on the basis of the shape of the funerary structure, the location of the monument within a group of barrows in the lower reaches of the Dnieper River and the arrowheads. Consequently the silverphialefrom the Semÿkina Mogila barrow belongs to a period, somewhat earlier than the date of the burial by at least two or three decades and at most by almost a century. Finally finds of metalphialaiin barrows from the Scythian period in the North Pontic region are considered.
La causalité selon al-Ḥākim al-Ğišumī
Authors: Thiele Jan
Published: November 2012

Résumé

Al-Ḥākim al-Ğišumī, auteur bahšamite et zaydite, principalement connu pour son œuvre exégétique, a composé plusieurs textes théologiques importants. Parmi ceux-ci figure une somme de théologie intitulée K. al-Taʾṯīr wa-l-muʾaṯṯir fī ʿilm al-kalām, laquelle somme nous est connue grâce à un manuscrit unique conservé au Yémen. La première partie de ce livre aborde le sujet de la causalité d’après l’approche muʿtazilite, et examine les diverses notions et catégories des causes. Présenté par son auteur comme une synthèse des idées des grands maîtres Abū ʿAlī l-Ğubbāʾī, Abū Hāšim al-Ğubbāʾī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Baṣrī et ʿAbd al-Ğabbār, ce texte semble être le plus ancien exposé systématique écrit par un muʿtazilite qui nous soit parvenu dans ce domaine.
R. Yehoshua ben Levi’s Final Ascent as a Model Tikkun Hanefesh
Authors: Seinfeld Alexander
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Various Talmudic aggadot portray death as the conclusion of tikkun hanefesh. Yet several aggadot, the deaths of R. Yehoshua b. Levi and R. Hanina b. Papa (b. Ketub. 77b) and the Heavenly Tribunal questions of Rava (b. Šabb. 31a), portray post-death tests. These Talmudic “philosophy of death” passages—as well as the Angel of Death narratives at the end of tractate b. Moʿed Qaṭan—complement each other and complete a single theme. Together they convey the lesson that, while tikkun hanefesh is most relevant during life, there is an ultimate tikkun opportunity after death, which is chiefly a test of humility.
Catholic Written and Oral Cultures in Seventeenth-Century Vietnam
Authors: Alberts Tara
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article explores how European Jesuit missionaries engaged with literary and oral cultures in seventeenth-century Tonkin and Cochinchina (Vietnam). It considers the many interactions between texts, oral cultures, and the sacred on the mission fields, and the challenges of communicating with the divine in a new language. Missionary projects to translate sacramental phrases—such as the baptismal formula—into local languages could be particularly controversial: missionaries had to ensure that the translation did not affect the validity of the sacrament. This article examines how missionaries attempted to preserve the spiritual potency of Catholic holy texts and sacred words in a new cultural context and uncovers the strategies they adopted to convey the sacrality of Catholic writings and speech.
Images and the Political: On Jan Assmann’s Concept of Idolatry
Authors: Tugendhaft Aaron
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This essay explores the political implications and historical basis of noted Egyptologist Jan Assmann’s assertion—based on a distinction made canonical by Carl Schmitt—that the Biblical prohibition of images polarizes the world into friend and enemy. The focus is on two aspects of Assmann’s position: his claims regarding how the Bible represents Egypt and how he reads the first two commandments of the Decalogue. The essay concludes that Assmann relies more on the reception history than on the biblical text itself and ends with a suggestion regarding how to get at an alternative view of the Bible’s political understanding of idolatry.
Albert Schweitzer’s Western Vision of Indian Thought
Authors: Dubuisson Daniel
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Doctor of Philosophy, Medicine and Divinity, Nobel laureate (1953), Albert Schweitzer embodied an indisputable ethical and intellectual authority that was universally admitted. However, in his book,Indian Thought and its Development(1936), the so-called “good doctor” engaged in an incredible eulogy of Western superiority at the expense of Indian thought. The pieces of evidence he used to support this argument can now be compared to the thoroughly ambiguous attitude he displayed toward the Africans among whom he had lived in Lambaréné.
The Talmud’s Pharmacy: The Metaphors of “Taanit”
Authors: Kovelman Arkady , Gershowitz Uri
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article reads Bavli Ta’anit against the foil of “Plato’s Pharmacy” by Jacques Derrida. This is not about finding genetic or generic similarities between the dialogues of Plato and the Talmud. Rather it is about following (in Derrida’s way) the chain of metaphoric/metonymic significations and dual oppositions. The tractate is built on dual oppositions between gloom and gladness. In this world, the righteous are destined for the light, while the upright are destined for the gladness. Hence, the former are deprived of the gladness, while the latter have no light. In meta-history, teleology finds its way though the Hegelian sublation of oppositions. Gladness is the telos of the tractate and the telos of meta-history.
Land Surveying Tube in Early Judaism
Authors: Zur Uri , Ashkenazi Yehuda
Published: November 2012

Abstract

B. Erubin 43b describes a special tube of Rabban Gamaliel, with which he was able to measure distances of up to two thousand cubits on a plane, and which he would also use to measure the depth of ravines. With this tube, he could also measure angles, or at least set the tube on a specific angle to measure distances using congruent triangles. Although the method of measurement presented in the Talmud is not clear, very few sages thoroughly studied or interpreted the measurement method. Some have understood the method, on the basis of their own contemporary mathematical knowledge, while others simply laconically quoted their predecessors without understanding the earlier sages’ explanations. Notably, in Rabban Gamaliel’s period, optical lenses were not in use. Instead, a hollow tube was adapted to allow the measurement of a fixed distance. There are diverse opinions on how this tube was used to measure distance, depth, and height.

In this paper we address the measurement methods of the Geonic sages and their subsequent interpreters and assess the methods they propose.
Mythische Vorbilder des sakralen Gesetzgebers bei Platon (Nomoi I-IV) Eine Einführung in den religiösen Hintergrund der Nomoi
Authors: de la Fuente David Hernández
Published: November 2012

This paper focuses on the religious background of lawgiving and its mythical models in books I-IV of the Laws. This latest of Plato's Works deals with the main tasks of a legislator in the ideal political community. In this dialogue, the lawgiver (nomothetes) is the heir of a long Greek tradition with mythical and historical forerunners (Solon, Lycurgus, Epimenides, etc.) who had a special relation with the divinity. Perhaps the best example of this kind of divine lawgiver is Minos, who was able of knowing the Gods' will and received from them the holy laws. In that aspect, Plato depends on the legendary nomothetai from myth and dwells heavily in oracular procedures as a way of communication with divinity and acquisition of decrees or confirmation of laws. If our view is correct, the model for the best possible constitution comes from Divine Wisdom (i.e. Philosophy) through oracular mediation from their mythical origins in Crete and Egypt. The medium between Gods and Men and its mantic practices – as the holy men (theioi andres) from myth and archaic Greek politics – seems a key figure for a better understanding of Plato's most complex dialogue.
It Seems Good to the Holy Spirit and to Us: The Ecclesial Vocation of the Pentecostal Scholar
Authors: Gros Jeffrey
Published: November 2012

Abstract

The members of the Society for Pentecostal Studies have made significant contributions to ecumenical reconciliation, to the promotion of the intellectual life in the Pentecostal and Charismatic communities, and to service to the classical Pentecostal churches in their development from a movement into mature churches in the community of Christians. For this leadership we are grateful. The Pentecostal scholar in whatever church has a calling to be of service to the whole people of God and to the churches in their task of preaching, handing on the faith and nurturing the faithful. This Society has been a place where this ecclesial vocation has been and can be nurtured. There are many intellectual challenges before the Pentecostal community as it moves into its second century as a renewal movement among Christians worldwide. This presidential address suggests three of these challenges: (1) a renewed understanding of the two thousand years of Christian history and the role of renewal movements within it, including the last century of Pentecostal service; (2) an understanding of the sacramental character of Pentecostal worship, using the example of healing as a ritual where Pentecostals have unique gifts to offer other Christians and a long heritage of sacramental thinking from which to learn; and (3) the doctrine of the church and its call to visible unity, as the institutions that serve the Pentecostal churches mature into their second century and begin to become more theologically grounded, self-reflective, and ecumenical.
Kenn Gulliksen, John Wimber, and the Founding of the Vineyard Movement
Authors: Higgins Thomas W.
Published: November 2012

Abstract

John Wimber is traditionally credited with founding the Vineyard movement, but the issue is far from clear because of another leader named Kenn Gulliksen, who started the first Vineyard and led several others. Most of the history of Gulliksen’s Vineyard is not known. This article argues that, when the historical gaps are addressed, not only does Gulliksen emerge as a significant figure in Vineyard history, but he should also be considered founder of the movement.
Characterization of MC1R in silky fowl, a special black-bone rooster in China
Authors: Chi Liang , Sun Xiaofeng , Zou Ming , Liu Huanqi
Published: November 2012

The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) plays an important role in determining plumage color, and the variants of MC1R have been found to be associated with the color of plumage and skin in both domestic and wild birds. However, the molecular and genetic mechanism for plumage color variation has not been reported in silky fowl, which is a unique subspecies in China with high nutritive value. We sequenced and analyzed the encoding region of MC1R from silky fowl. The predicted coding region of MC1R is 945 bp, which is the same size as the one inGallus gallus. Six nucleotide polymorphisms that lead to four protein mutations were detected, which were M71T, E92K, S124G and H215P, respectively. Among the four mutations, the S124G mutation is found to be unique to silky fowl. A phylogenetic tree analysis of MC1R from silky fowl and other species of chicken shows a close relationship between silky fowl andGallus gallus. Furthermore, the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MC1R was constructed, and transfected into goat fibroblasts by means of electroporation. The success of MC1R gene expression in transfected goat fibroblasts makes it possible to develop transgenic animals for further studies.
Mating strategies of Pampean mouse males
Authors: Bonatto Florencia , Gomez Daniela , Steinmann Andrea , Priotto José
Published: November 2012

Patterns of space use and sexual dimorphism are frequently used to infer mating systems. We examined body size and home range size and intra- and intersexual overlap degree in order to elucidate mating strategy of Akodon azarae males. We studied spacing patterns using 113 and 129 home ranges established by males and females, respectively, in four 0.25 ha enclosures during the breeding season. Significant differences between sexes in home range size and overlap degree were found. Male home ranges were always larger than those of females. We observed exclusive space use among males and among females. Considering only those males that shared their home ranges with females, average intersexual overlap value was about 50%. Males mainly overlap their home ranges with home ranges of two or three females. Significant differences in body size were found between males and females, with males being larger. We concluded that space use and sexual dimorphism in this species is consistent with patterns characteristic of polygynous rodents, and we propose a polygynous system in A. azarae.
Identity and Spiritual Care
Authors: Smeets Wim
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article is an empirical study of the attitudes of spiritual caregivers in health care institutions in the Netherlands towards identity and the goals of their profession. Identity can be classified into a personal aspect (definition of oneself in general) and a worldview aspect (attitudes towards life). A distinction is made between an immediate professional goal (communication on worldviews) and an ultimate goal (contribution to spiritual health). We examine the effects of beliefs about identity on professional goals while controlling for relevant population and institutional characteristics. Orientation to the immediate and ultimate goals of spiritual care is influenced mainly by personal identity attitudes and attitudes towards suffering. The relation between identity and its relevance to patients’ health (the ultimate goal of spiritual care) needs further research.
Parallel Mediation: Ordering the Chaos of Multiparty Mediation
Authors: Hansen Miles
Published: November 2012

Abstract

The proliferation of actors in the business of making peace has led to an increase in the frequency of multiparty mediations, with both positive and negative consequences. The purpose of this article is to simplify the complexity that often accompanies multiparty mediations by applying the structuralist and social-psychological dichotomy of negotiations to a model of parallel mediation. I propose that coupling structuralist and social-psychological mediations together in a parallel mediation can leverage the respective strengths of each to more effectively find a negotiated solution. Given the fiscal and political realities facing peacemakers, finding ways to increase the frugality and simplicity of cooperation between mediators is essential. The limited cooperation needed in parallel mediations does just that. This article analyzes how the parallel mediation model has been applied to two conflicts, the intrastate Tajik civil war and the interstate Ecuador-Peru border dispute. This analysis identifies five characteristics that were observed in these two successful examples of parallel mediation, and serves as a starting point for additional research.
The Problem of Community in a Justice System in Transition: The Case of Community Restorative Justice in Northern Ireland
Authors: Chapman Tim
Published: November 2012

The article describes how community restorative justice in Northern Ireland developed out of the civil conflict. It illustrates how its valuable work has been stifled by the reforms to the criminal justice system arising from the Northern Irish peace process. Habermas’s theory of the colonisation of the lifeworld by the system is used to explain how restorative justice tends to be marginalised or co-opted by the criminal justice system. The article concludes that any process of social reconstruction must focus as much on strengthening civil society as it does political reform and economic development.
Talking to Angels; Talking of Angels: Constructing the Angelology of the Book of Mormon
Authors: Stott G. St. John
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Vision narratives report experiences that cannot be confirmed because they cannot be shared. Those who see angels can only receive confirmation and reassurance from the way that their testimony is accepted by others. Taking the publication of the vision reports found in theBook of Mormon(1830) as an example of a visionary’s concern for validation, the paper shows how Joseph Smith, Jr. (the book’s “author and translator”) could rely on his readers confirming – by their tacit assent to what they read – the truth of what he held to be his own revelatory experience. However, as Smith thought of the ministry of angels as a relational rather than a referential term, and brought all instances of revelation under this heading, there could be a difference between what was described (and assented to) and what was experienced.
Institutionalizing Democracy in Africa: A Comment on the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance
Authors: Glen Patrick J.
Published: November 2012

Abstract

This article provides an exegesis of the recently entered-into-force African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. Democracy has a decidedly mixed history in Africa and, despite a concerted effort by the African Union (AU), it has made only halting inroads in those states that are nondemocratic or struggling to consolidate democracy. That may change as more states ratify and implement the Charter, a comprehensive regional attempt to promote, protect, and consolidate democracy that entered into force in February 2012. This Charter, the culmination of two decades of African thinking on how democracy should develop on the continent, represents the AU’s attempt to institutionalize principles of good governance and democratic ideals. Although hurdles remain on Africa’s road to democratic development, including poverty, illiteracy, and corruption, the Charter provides a means to address these stubborn problems. Whether it will succeed will depend on state implementation of the obligations undertaken by ratification of the Charter, as well as the AU’s own commitment to ensuring observation of the Charter’s key provisions. If the AU and its member states do fully implement and practically observe the Charter’s obligations, then the prospects for democratic governance in Africa have a bright future.
A Best Practice Model for the Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Social Context Training for Judicial Officers
Authors: Goodman Suki , Louw-Potgieter Joha
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Continual professional development for judicial officers through judicial education programmes has become a common feature in many countries throughout the world. The growing need for these kinds of programmes, specifically in transitioning democracies, is relatively well-documented. One core component of this kind of training deals with social context-related issues. Research has shown that even in societies where equality is enshrined in the constitution or mandated through legislation, unequal treatment before the law persists, hence the motivation for social context training for members of the judiciary. There is limited information in the public domain about these kinds of judicial training programmes and their effectiveness or efficiencies. This article presents a best practice model for designing, implementing and evaluating social context training for judicial officers. The aim is to provide a useful framework for programme designers for the development of future programmes of this kind.
Are we Receiving ‘Receptive Ecumenism’?
Authors: Avis Paul
Published: November 2012

‘Receptive Ecumenism’, though initially a movement of ecclesiological renewal within the Roman Catholic Church, holds considerable potential for all churches that are engaged in the ecumenical movement and for their closer unity. This article asks why Receptive Ecumenism is needed, given that the process of reception is inherent in ecumenism. It then examines the tension between rhetoric and reality in much ecumenical and ecclesiological discourse, and goes on to ask whether Receptive Ecumenism is a threat to the time-honoured agenda of the Faith and Order tradition in seeking visible unity through theological dialogue. The article touches on the therapeutic dimension of greater mutual receptivity between churches and ends by arguing that Receptive Ecumenism and traditional theological dialogue are mutually dependent.
CONCORSI E PREMI ALL'ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DI TORINO: PROGRAMMI DI RICERCA E STRATEGIE DI POLITICA SCIENTIFICA
Authors: CIARDI MARCO
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title Competitions were one of the principal instruments used by academies to stimulate scientific activity, in the domains of both pure and applied sciences. This is demonstrated by the numerous eighteenth century competitions in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, electrology and chemical technology. In this article we examine two specific cases that concern the history of the Academy of Sciences in Turin during the period of the Risorgimento.
LA SOCIET ITALIANA PER IL PROGRESSO DELLE SCIENZE:1
Authors: LINGUERRI SANDRA
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title The article considers the institutional activity of the Societ Italiana per il Progresso delle Scienze, from its reconstitution to about 1930. The aim is to explain the crucial role of its founder, Vito Volterra, to characterize the Society's activity and is to delineate the periods of internal transition of the Society with regard to cosmopolitism and nationalism, subjects of science, pure and applied research both in the first period and in the after-war period.
CHARLES J. PEDERSEN E LE ORIGINI DELLA CHIMICA SUPRAMOLECOLARE
Authors: CERRUTI LUIGI , TURCO FRANCESCA
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title The essay is divided in three parts. The first part is dedicated to C. J. Pedersen and to his work in the Du Pont laboratories. After a brief biography and a description of the research milieu at Du Pont, the narrative follows the discovery of crown ethers, its announcement with the momentous 'blockbuster' of 1967, and its immediate impact on the chemical community. In this first part it is also emphasised how the Du Pont Patent Division imposed a very long delay on the publication of Pedersen's seminal paper. The second part of the present essay describes the initial contributions by J.-M. Lehn and D. J. Cramm. The innovative and different features of their researches are analysed, as well as the progressive establishment of the new research field. The third and last part discusses the three Nobel Lectures given in 1987 by Pedersen, Lehn and Cramm; an attentive reading of the texts reveals the research intentions, writing styles, and epistemological awareness of the three Authors. Beside the narrative of the origin of supramolecular chemistry, the principal results of the essay are: (a) the co-operative effect of very different experimental researches also in the highly specialised contemporary chemistry; (b) further evidence on the contrast between auto-biographical reconstruction of the past and the historical documents; (c) the feasibility of historical research on recent disciplinary events and processes; (d) the usefulness of sources found on the World Wide Web.
LA FAMIGLIA SELVA, OTTICI DEL '700 VENEZIANO
Authors: LUALDI ALBERTO
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title A new research about the Selva family of opticians and instrument makers in Venice during the XVIII century is described in this article. From Domenico, the grandfather (d. 1758), to the famous Lorenzo (1716-1800) and his sons Giuseppe or Jacopo (1755-?) and Domenico (1761-?) and through the books and pamphlets they left, a large and distinguished production confirms their leadership in the field. A list of the extant instruments is also given.
PAOLA LOMBROSO, UNA DONNA NELLE SCIENZE DELL'UOMO
Authors: BABINI VALERIA P
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title The article reconstructs the intellectual development of Paola Lombroso and the role she played in the diffusion of the field of child psychology in Italy. At a time when scientific psychology was in its early phases and studies on childhood were concentrated on its pathological aspects, Paola represents a unique voice in her field, and one well-respected by the Italian publishing scene. Introduced to these sciences by her father, Cesare, who himself recognized the legitimacy of the descriptive psychological approach, Paola developed in her writings a progressive distance from Lombrosian Anthropology. A self-taught and prolific author, well-known and well-respected by her peers, and translated abroad, Paola Lombroso, while never attaining primary status in scientific research or institutionally, nonetheless presented considerable contributions to the spread of this psychology. The reconstruction of Paola's development contributes to an overall explanation of the Italian context in the arena of psychological sciences at the time. In this period several women obtained considerable fame and visibility, thanks in part to the importance they attached to scientific popularisation both in the promotion of knowledge and in population's education.
KANTS VERHLTNIS ZUR DESCENDENZTHEORIE: ANTON DOHRNS PROBEVORLESUNG 1868 IN JENA
Authors: MLLER GERHARD H. , WENIG KLAUS
Published: November 2012

title RIASSUNTO /title Viene pubblicata la dissertazione che nel 1868 Anton Dohrn present all'Universit di Jena per l'abilitazione. Si tratta di un documento di grande interesse, che esemplifica il ruolo della riflessione kantiana nella discussione sul rapporto tra filosofia e scienza (in particolare la nuova teoria darwiniana) nella seconda met dell'Ottocento.
KANTS VERHLTNIS ZUR DESCENDENZTHEORIE 1
Authors: DOHRN ANTON
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title Anton Dohrn's dissertation on Kant's reflections about evolutionary thought is published here for the first time. It gives an interesting insight on the role of Kantian philosophy in discussions about science (in particular the Darwinian theory) during the second half of the nineteenth century.
IL BAROMETRO RITROVATO
Authors: BRENNI PAOLO
Published: November 2012

 SUMMARY
In 1860 two large meteorological instruments, a metallic thermometer and a balance barometer, were installed in the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence. The two public apparatus were dismanteled in the late 1930s and, apart of a few pieces of the dials, they were considered lost. A few months ago, during some restoration works, the balance barometer was discovered in a small room behind the Loggia. The instrument was removed, and after a careful restauration, it was recently displayed in the Museum of History of Science.
ATTIVIT DI RICERCA
Authors: GORMAN MICHAEL JOHN
Published: November 2012

title SUMMARY /title To sum up, my proposal is to investigate the complex relationship between the acceptance of the validity of using a particular scientific instrument such as the telescope or barometer, the acceptance of a particular body of theory and the institutional affiliations of the scientific practitioners concerned, for the special case of members of the Society of Jesus.