bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practicing transformative planning: the territory-landscape plan as a catalyst for change
Authors: Albrechts Louis , Barbanente Angela , Monno Valeria
Published: January 2020

This paper advocates the need for transformative planning practices to cope with contemporary crises of climate change and intensifying economic inequality that regions, city-regions, and cities are increasingly confronted with. In-depth examination of planning processes is useful to grasp some crucial promises and problems of transformative planning and open up new possibilities for practice. Accordingly, the paper includes an investigation into the Territory-Landscape plan-making process developed in the Apulia region, Italy. This explicitly and intentionally aimed at promoting a radical discontinuity in regional planning culture and practice by changing the well-established relationship between territory-landscape protection and spatial planning. The process revealed that ‘landscape’ could function as a constructive picklock for proposing an alternative to the development-as-growth model firmly entrenched in the region, and envisioning desirable futures focused on the concept of ‘local self-sustainable development’. This implies subverting the hegemony of the ‘economic’ that has reduced dwellers to consumers, and the territory to a mere physical support for any kind of land transformation and urban development which exclude dwellers participation. Using the lens of transformative theory and building on an interpretive research approach that included also direct experience, the paper provides insights on changes in vision and concepts, discourses and practices, approach and instruments experienced in such a planning process. In conclusion, it reflects on lessons learned, and highlights some difficulties and contradictions with which the way towards transformative planning is paved for researchers engaged in turning their ideas into significant achievements in the real world.
Correction to: To develop a regional ICU mortality prediction model during the first 24 h of ICU admission utilizing MODS and NEMS with six other independent variables from the critical care information system (CCIS) Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kao Raymond , Priestap Fran , Donner Allan
Published: January 2020

In the original publication of this article [1], there were several transcription errors in the logistic regression equation model as below
The value of DWI in predicting the response to synchronous radiochemotherapy for advanced cervical carcinoma: comparison among three mathematical models
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Yuyang , Li Jie , Zhang Pengjuan , Li Zhenzhen , Guo Junwu
Published: January 2020

Background

Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) mode mainly includes intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), stretched exponential model (SEM) and Gaussian diffusion model, but it is still unclear which mode is the most valuable in predicting the response to radiochemotherapy for cervical cancer. This study aims to compare the values of three mathematical models in predicting the response to synchronous radiochemotherapy for cervical cancer.

Methods

Eighty-four patients with cervical cancer were enrolled into this study. They underwent DWI examination by using 12 b-values prior to treatment. The imaging parameters were calculated on the basis of IVIM, SEM and Gaussian diffusion models respectively. The imaging parameters derived from three mathematical modes were compared between responders and non-responders groups. The repeatability of each imaging parameter was assessed.

Results

The ADC, D or DDC value was lower in responders than in non-responders groups (P = 0.03, 0.02, 0.01). The α value was higher in responders group than in non-responders group (P = 0.03). DDC had the largest area under curves (AUC) (=0.948) in predicting the response to treatment. The imaging parameters derived from SEM had better repeatability (CCC for DDC and α were 0.969 and 0.924 respectively) than that derived from other exponential models.

Conclusion

Three exponential modes of DWI are useful for predicting the response to radiochemotherapy for cervical cancer, and SEM may be used as a potential optimal model for predicting treatment effect.
Effect of regional factor productivity on manufacturing sector: The case of Sino-Pak economic ties
Authors: Imran Muhammad , HuSen An , Kaleem Muhammad , Bangash Arshad Khan , Din Nizam Ud , Sobia
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Economic ties and trade blocs increase the flow of trade between participating countries and lead to different levels of economic and structural changes.

Case description

This paper focuses on the structure of industrial value-added between China and Pakistan, as the two countries recently launched the CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) project.

Discussion and evaluation

This study utilizes panel data from 1995 to 2015 to test certain factor effects on regional value-added through econometric analyses. The results show that each country has its own economic growth rate and market size that respond differently to industrial value-added production.

Conclusion

Aggregate factor productivity at China is higher than in Pakistan but growth in factor productivity in the latter is higher than the former; similarly, the share of bilateral trade is higher in the case of Pakistan. Although each country responds differently to the new economic ties, the macroeconomic results support bilateral economic ties between them.
Research on a bifurcation location algorithm of a drainage tube based on 3D medical images
Authors: Pan Qiuling , Zhu Wei , Zhang Xiaolin , Chang Jincai , Cui Jianzhong
Published: January 2020

Based on patient computerized tomography data, we segmented a region containing an intracranial hematoma using the threshold method and reconstructed the 3D hematoma model. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of identifying puncture points, a point-cloud search arithmetic method for modified adaptive weighted particle swarm optimization is proposed and used for optimal external axis extraction. According to the characteristics of the multitube drainage tube and the clinical needs of puncture for intracranial hematoma removal, the proposed algorithm can provide an optimal route for a drainage tube for the hematoma, the precise position of the puncture point, and preoperative planning information, which have considerable instructional significance for clinicians.
Ethnobiology of algarroba beer, the ancestral fermented beverage of the Wichí people of the Gran Chaco I: a detailed recipe and a thorough analysis of the process
Authors: Herrera Cano Anahí Naymé , Suárez María Eugenia
Published: January 2020

Algarroba (Prosopis alba) beer, known asaloja de algarroba(abbreviatedaloja) in local Spanish, is the ancestral alcoholic beveragepar excellenceof the Wichís and other indigenous peoples of South American Gran Chaco, but nowadays is in disuse. Mentions on the recipe exist, but they are relatively few, concise and/or partial, and most of them were not registered within ethnobiological studies. The aims of this study were to (a) describe in detail the preparation process of algarroba beer and (b) analyse the process from a holistic approach, integrating Wichí concepts and biological explanations. Any morphological type ofProsopis albafruits is useful, except those with poor mesocarp.Alojamust be prepared from relative fresh fruits, ground into pieces and not from flour alone. Through the senses, mainly taste and smell, the procedure is followed until optimal fermentation time is reached, which occurs at 24–48 h. Whenalojais ready, it tastestapay(bitter-sour) ornusuy(sour-salty). From the Wichí perspective, fermentation is both a maturation and a cooking process, and it is the “strength” (qahay,qahnayaj) of the pods, an intrinsic property, which allows fermentation to occur, with alcohol production. All interviewees’ remarks about the recipe are also explained by microbiological concepts. Altogether, results expand the knowledge on Wichí ethnobiology and are also useful to other disciplines interested in traditional food systems. Besides, they constitute a contribution to the rescue of the know-how on this traditional beverage for future generations and ultimately to food sovereignty.
Plants and foods as identity markers: an ethnographic analysis on the case of the (Y)Ezidis from Batman (Turkey)
Authors: Can Emmez Berivan
Published: January 2020

Located in the geographical region called Upper Mesopotamia, Batman has a wide cultural diversity. One of the Kurdish (Kurmancî)-speaking ethno-religious communities of Batman is the (Y)Ezidis which have been subjected to several persecutions due to their syncretic belief and practices. The resistance of the Ezidis against imperial powers could be read from governmental manuscripts kept in the archives. The number of field researches conducted in the area of Ezidis in Turkey is quite low. These studies are also concentrated in Viransehir (Urfa) region in which the Ezidi population is more intense. This study, on the other hand, is uncovering the traditional plants which are being used for food and nutrition as well as healing and ritualistic practices by the Ezidis of Batman which has never been subjected in a research in anthropology. Nutrition as one of the necessities that must be met in order to maintain biological existence is also a cultural phenomenon. Food as a part of culture is a configuration of identity and self-expression. The aim of this study is uncovering the traditional plants which are being used for food and nutrition as well as healing and ritualistic practices by the Ezidis of Batman which has never been subjected in a research in anthropology. The primary data of this study was collected during an ethnographic fieldwork in between April 2013 and June 2015 in Ezidi villages of Batman. It was observed that Ezidis unite with the other communities of the region with nutritional methods based on animal products which are common in daily life, while they differ in the use of plants and cereals which are operated in ritual practices. The ritualistic uses of plants and foods and the relations of the Ezidis between the others over food are proposed in this study as the basic patterns of behavior that distinguish Ezidi community from others, define belonging, and mark ethnic identity.
Correlative study between ADC value and grading of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Azzam Heba , Mansour Sahar , Salem Noha , El-Assaly Hany
Published: January 2020

Background

Studying breast carcinoma is of great importance as it is the commonest female malignancy. Accurate preoperative assessment of disease characteristics and prognosis would be of great help in the diagnosis and treatment planning of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in detecting the grading of invasive breast carcinoma prior to management.

Results

There was a significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of grade I and III (p = 0.001) and between grade I and II (p = 0.002). However, there was no significant difference between grade II and III (p = 0.979). High ADC values were associated with low-grade tumors. The mean ADC value of 0.93 × 10–3 mm2/s showed sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 83.3%, accuracy 98.2%, AUC = 0.994, and 95% confidence interval of 0.978 to 1.000.

Conclusion

DWI is a contrast-free modality that allows for both morphological and quantitative analysis. ADC value may not be the proper modality to determine the prognosis of breast cancer due to overlap values, yet it could be a good discriminator between low- and high-grade tumors and hence predictor of breast cancer cells that would respond to chemotherapy.
Comparison between NAFLD fibrosis score and retinoic acid serum level in NAFLD
Authors: Allam Ahmed Samir , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Nasser Haytham Mohamed , Kabiel Walaa Ahmed Yousry , Elsayed Ehab H.
Published: January 2020

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is described by the abnormal accumulation of fats in livers of individuals without significant alcohol intake. It includes a spectrum of diseases from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis and cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising in association with increasing obesity worldwide. Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, mediates the functions of vitamin A required for growth and development. Also, RA has been shown to reduce adiposity not only in fat cells but also in the liver through increasing triglyceride hydrolysis and fat oxidation. This could put a future trial of preventing NASH and cirrhosis development by vitamin A supplementation. This work aimed to study the role of retinoic acid in NAFLD, whether it can differentiate simple steatosis from NASH and correlate the result with the NAFLD fibrosis score. It is a cross-sectional study done on 180 patients divided into three groups. Group 1 is composed of 80 patients with simple steatosis and normal ALT; group 2 is composed of 80 patients with NASH and high ALT in addition to group 3 with 20 healthy subjects served as a control group. All patients were proven to have fatty liver by ultrasonography. Serum RA was assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and the NAFLD fibrosis score was calculated and compared with the retinoic acid level.

Result

Serum RA level was significantly decreased in the patient groups as compared to the controls; the lowest serum level was observed among the NASH group, followed by the steatosis group. NAFLD fibrosis score was calculated, and it was higher in the NASH group than in the steatosis group. Besides, there was a significant negative correlation between retinoic acid and NAFLD score among the patient groups.

Conclusion

Serum RA level was lower in patients with simple steatosis and NASH. RA had a high statistically significant difference in differentiation between the patient groups and the control group. The results were comparable to the NAFLD fibrosis score. Thus, retinoic acid could be used for diagnosis and accessing the degree of NAFLD.
Challenges during the transition from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services
Authors: Hendrickx Gaelle , De Roeck Veronique , Maras Athanasios , Dieleman Gwen , Gerritsen Suzanne , Purper-Ouakil Diane , Russet Frédérick , Schepker Renate , Signorini Giulia , Singh Swaran Preet , Street Cathy , Tuomainen Helena , Tremmery Sabine
Published: January 2020

The transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services for young people with mental health problems is of international concern. Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders during adolescence and their tendency to continue during adulthood, the majority of young people do not experience continuity of care. The aim of this review paper is to unravel the complexity of transitional mental healthcare to clinicians, policy makers and mental health service managers, and to address challenges to a smooth transition process at all levels.
Exogenous GM1 Ganglioside Attenuates Ketamine-Induced Neurocognitive Impairment in the Developing Rat Brain
Authors: Meng Chen , Yao Xue-qin , Chang Rui-jie , Wang Si-lu , Wang Xue , Ma Da-qing , Li Qing , Wang Xian-yu
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:

A prolonged exposure to ketamine triggers significant neurodegeneration and long-term neurocognitive deficits in the developing brain. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) can limit the neuronal damage from necrosis and apoptosis in neurodegenerative conditions. We aimed to assess whether GM1 can prevent ketamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity.

METHODS:

Postnatal day 7 (P7) rat pups received 5 doses of intraperitoneal ketamine (20 mg/kg per dose) at 90-minute intervals for 6 hours. Cognitive functions, determined by using Morris water maze (MWM) including escape latency (at P32–36) and platform crossing (at P37), were compared among the ketamine-exposed pups treated with or without exogenous GM1 (30 mg/kg; n = 12/group). The effect of GM1 on apoptosis in hippocampus was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and activated caspase 3 measurement. The hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), along with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), was detected by western blotting (n = 6/group). Anti-BDNF antibody (2 μg per rat) administered before GM1 treatment was applied to determine the neuroprotective mechanisms of GM1.

RESULTS:

The rats receiving ketamine exposure experinced cognitive impairment in MWM test compared to the control rats, indicated by prolonged escape latency at P34 (P = .006), P35 (P = .002), and P36 (P = .005). However, in GM1-pretreated rats, ketamine exposure did not induce prolonged escape latency. The exogenous GM1 increased the platform-crossing times at P37 (3.00 ± 2.22 times vs 5.40 ± 1.53 times, mean ± standard deviation; P = .041) and reduced the hippocampal TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved-caspase 3 expression in ketamine-exposed young rats. Ketamine decreased BDNF expression and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in the hippocampus, whereas exogenous GM1 blocked these ketamine-caused effects. However, for the ketamine-exposed rat pups receiving exogenous GM1, compared to immunoglobulin Y (IgY) isotype control, the BDNF-neutralizing antibody treatment counteracted the exogenous GM1-induced improvement of the escape latency at P36 (41.32 ± 12.37 seconds vs 25.14 ± 8.97 seconds, mean ± standard deviation; P = .036), platform-crossing times at P37 (2.16 ± 1.12 times vs 3.92 ± 1.97 times, mean ± standard deviation; P < .036), apoptotic activity, as well as AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of ketamine-challenged young rats.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data suggest that the exogenous GM1 acts on BDNF signaling pathway to ameliorate the cognitive impairment and hippocampal apoptosis induced by ketamine in young rats. Our study may indicate a potential use of GM1 in preventing the cognitive deficits induced by ketamine in the young per se.
A protocol for the establishment and evaluation of an older adult stakeholder panel for health services research
Authors: Conneely Mairéad , Boland Pauline , O'Neill Aoife , Byrne David , Cronin Sinéad , Quinn Dominic , Trépel Dominic , Leahy Siobhán , Salsberg Jon , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie
Published: January 2020

Background: There has been a policy shift towards public and patient involvement (PPI) in population health and health services research in Ireland and internationally. Despite growing empirical evidence that PPI can have positive impacts on the quality and appropriateness of health research and innovation, little is known about the involvement and impact of older adults as research partners. The aim of this study is to 1) describe the process of establishing a PPI panel of older adults, family carers and ageing research academics and 2) to evaluate the impact of this research partnership on all members of the PPI panel.

Methods: A partnership-focused framework will guide the recruitment and establishment of a PPI panel of older adults, family carers and academic researchers. Between eight and ten older adults and four and six family carers with experience of using health services will be recruited through advertisement in community locations and through gatekeepers in a range of non-governmental, voluntary, and community organisations of older adults in the Mid-West region of Ireland. Academic researchers will be recruited through an established Ageing Research Centre at the University of Limerick. Data collected will include an activity log and records of all meetings, recorded panel discussions and recorded individual interviews with all members of the research team at key time points (12 and 24 months after establishment of the panel). Data will be transcribed, managed in NVivo and analysed using an inductive approach to thematic analysis. Dissemination of research findings will be facilitated by the research partnership team of academics and older adults.

Discussion: This study will identify learning about the process of establishing a PPI panel guided by a partnership-focused framework and will qualitatively evaluate the impact of participation in a PPI panel for all members of the research team.
Certain sufficient conditions for close-to-convexity and starlikeness of multivalent functions
Authors: Aouf Mohamed K. , Bulboacă Teodor , Mostafa Adela O.
Published: January 2020

By using Jack's lemma, we derive simple sufficient conditions for analytic functions to be multivalent close-to-convex and multivalent starlike.
Forecasting hourly emergency department arrival using time series analysis
Authors: Choudhury Avishek , Urena Estefania
Published: January 2020

Background/aims

The stochastic arrival of patients at hospital emergency departments complicates their management. More than 50% of a hospital's emergency department tends to operate beyond its normal capacity and eventually fails to deliver high-quality care. To address this concern, much research has been carried out using yearly, monthly and weekly time-series forecasting. This article discusses the use of hourly time-series forecasting to help improve emergency department management by predicting the arrival of future patients.

Methods

Emergency department admission data from January 2014 to August 2017 was retrieved from a hospital in Iowa. The auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt–Winters, TBATS, and neural network methods were implemented and compared as forecasters of hourly patient arrivals.

Results

The auto-regressive integrated moving average (3,0,0) (2,1,0) was selected as the best fit model, with minimum Akaike information criterion and Schwartz Bayesian criterion. The model was stationary and qualified under the Box–Ljung correlation test and the Jarque–Bera test for normality. The mean error and root mean square error were selected as performance measures. A mean error of 1.001 and a root mean square error of 1.55 were obtained.

Conclusions

The auto-regressive integrated moving average can be used to provide hourly forecasts for emergency department arrivals and can be implemented as a decision support system to aid staff when scheduling and adjusting emergency department arrivals.
“Creating Wealth” through Debt: The West's Finance-Capitalist Road
Authors: Hudson Michael
Published: January 2020

Volumes II and III of Marx's Capital describe how debt grows exponentially, burdening the economy with carrying charges. What policies are best suited for China to avoid this neo-rentier disease while raising living standards in a fair and efficient low-cost economy? The most pressing policy challenge is to keep down the cost of housing. Rising housing prices mean larger and larger debts extracting interest out of the economy. The strongest way to prevent this is to tax away the rise in land prices, collecting the rental value for the government instead of letting it be pledged to the banks as mortgage interest. The same logic applies to public collection of natural resource and monopoly rents. The US and European business schools are part of the problem, not part of the solution. They teach the tactics of asset stripping and how to replace industrial engineering with financial engineering, as if financialization creates wealth faster than the debt burden. Having rapidly pulled ahead over the past three decades, China must remain free of rentier ideology that imagines wealth to be created by debt-leveraged inflation of real-estate and financial asset prices.
The Welfare State and Liberal Democracy: A Political Economy Approach
Authors: Heise Arne , Khan Ayesha Serfraz
Published: January 2020

This article attempts to shed some light on the developments of welfare states in highly developed nations since World War Two (WW2) within the context of a narrative which seeks to combine institutional distinctions, termed “varieties of capitalism,” with the historical regimes of regulation theory in a political economy perspective which puts interested political actors at center stage. It will be argued that in a liberal democracy, the elite has the framing and agenda-setting power to “manufacture a political will” according to its interests. The welfare state is not the result of a long social struggle on the part of the needy; rather, it results in its general features from the minimal state of meritocratic exigencies. Under the very peculiar circumstances of the post-WW2 era, this even translated into a rise in social welfare spending to more than a third of national income. The particular design of welfare state organization was the subject-matter of political conflict, and a clear distinction between liberal and coordinated market economies can be attributed to cultural differences and institutional settings. Yet the core of the welfare state conception serves the interest of the meritocracy as much as those who benefit from social programs and redistribution. And the neoliberal attack on the welfare state since the 1980s is not a necessary re-calibration due to changing economic conditions or a growing lack of solidarity among the people but an expression of a modified cost–benefit analysis from the elite's perspective.
Moral economies of exclusion: politics of fear through antagonistic anonymity
Authors: Andreasen Søren Mosgaard
Published: January 2020

This article examines the discourse-technical means through which illiberal political logics are legitimised in constructions of xenophobic populism by a ‘prominent’ Norwegian extreme-right organisation, Human Rights Service (HRS). I argue that recent HRS publications featuring six secretly shot photos of Muslims in the Norwegian public sphere engender a moral economy of exclusion in which Muslims consistently are produced as an anonymous yet ubiquitously present threat to liberal democratic and human rights values. Within this framework, micro-humiliating performances against the ‘Muslim other’ are constituted and encouraged as a necessary, morally justified defence of democratic virtues to ensure the existence of a vulnerable majority self. I claim that the HRS circulation of constructions of faceless, yet easily recognisable, categories of designated ‘enemy others’ as a threat to the liberal democratic ethos can ultimately be understood as a hegemonic intervention to push anti-Muslim illiberalism from the fringes towards the dominant cultural outlook.

He who fights with monsters should be careful lest he thereby become a monster. And if thou gaze long into an abyss, the abyss will also gaze into thee.

(Nietzsche, 1989[1886]: 157)
Effects of fixatives on myelin molecular order probed with RP-CARS microscopy
Authors: de Vito Giuseppe , Parlanti Paola , Cecchi Roberta , Luin Stefano , Cappello Valentina , Tonazzini Ilaria , Piazza Vincenzo
Published: January 2020

When live imaging is not feasible, sample fixation allows preserving the ultrastructure of biological samples for subsequent microscopy analysis. This process could be performed with various methods, each one affecting differently the biological structure of the sample. While these alterations were well-characterized using traditional microscopy, little information is available about the effects of the fixatives on the spatial molecular orientation of the biological tissue. We tackled this issue by employing rotating-polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (RP-CARS) microscopy to study the effects of different fixatives on the myelin sub-micrometric molecular order and micrometric morphology. RP-CARS is a novel technique derived from CARS microscopy that allows probing spatial orientation of molecular bonds while maintaining the intrinsic chemical selectivity of CARS microscopy. By characterizing the effects of the fixation procedures, the present work represents a useful guide for the choice of the best fixation technique(s), in particular for polarization-resolved CARS microscopy. Finally, we show that the combination of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde can be effectively employed as a fixative for RP-CARS microscopy, as long as the effects on the molecular spatial distribution, here characterized, are taken into account.
Experimental analysis of submicrometer optical intensity distributions after an opaque disk
Authors: Emile Olivier , Emile Janine
Published: January 2020

Generation of subwavelength beam sizes is a fascinating challenge with several implications. The observation of a 120 nm laser spot in the visible part of the spectrum is reported here. It has a size variation of less than 10% in a distance of

50

µ

m

along the axis of propagation. This so-called Arago spot results from the diffraction of the light from a laser diode by the edges of an absorbing disk. Applications are discussed and hollow beams carrying orbital angular momentum with a 400 nm diameter dark spot in the center are evidenced. This paves the way toward atom lithography via atom guiding or new spectroscopy on forbidden transitions.
Highly resolved ultra-strong coupling between graphene plasmons and intersubband polaritons: publisher’s note
Authors: Pisani Francesco , Zanotto Simone , Tredicucci Alessandro
Published: January 2020

This publisher’s note corrects the funding declaration in
J. Opt. Soc. Am.
B 37, 19
(2020)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.37.000019.
Optical frequency comb based on nonlinear spectral broadening of a phase modulated comb source driven by dual offset locked carriers
Authors: Nagarjun K. P. , Vikram B. S. , Prakash Roopa , Singh Ajay , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar , Supradeepa V. R.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a versatile technique to generate a broadband optical frequency comb source in the C-band. This is accomplished by nonlinear spectral broadening of a phase modulated comb source driven by dual frequency offset locked carriers. The locking is achieved by setting up a heterodyne optical frequency locked loop to lock two phase modulated electro-optic 25 GHz frequency combs sourced from individual seed carriers offset by 100 GHz, to within 6.7 MHz of each other. We realize spectral broadening in highly nonlinear fiber after suitable amplification to obtain an equalized, nonlinearly broadened frequency comb. We obtain

∼
86

lines in a 20 dB band spanning over 2 THz.
Sexismo, amor romántico y desigualdad de género. Un estudio en adolescentes latinoamericanos residentes en España
Authors: Carbonell Marqués Ángela , Mestre Maria Vicenta
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo examina el papel de los factores sociodemográficos como determinantes de las creencias y actitudes sexistas y las percepciones distorsionadas sobre el amor romántico, y analiza la relación entre el sexismo hostil y el sexismo benevolente y las creencias en mitos del amor romántico, según el Índice de Desigualdad de Género (idg), en una muestra de 203 adolescentes latinoamericanos residentes en Valencia (España).
Fertility following uterine torsion in dairy cows: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sickinger Marlene , Erteld Eva-Maria , Wehrend Axel
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: Dairy cows with uterine torsion often are susceptible to reduced fertility resulting in more costs and effort to restore the economy of those cows. The aim of our study was to examine and evaluate the possible associations between uterine torsion and consequent uterine involution disturbances, on the one hand, and between the degree and duration of uterine torsion with fertility parameters, on the other hand.

Materials and Methods: Within 1.5 years, 115 dairy cows (German Browns, German Holsteins, and German Fleckvieh) that were suffering from uterine torsion were examined to evaluate the incidence of involution disturbances of the uterus and to examine the fertility after calving. Statistical analysis included correlation analyses between the degree and duration of torsion and fertility parameters (days open, days to conception, conception rate and services per conception, and intercalving interval) as well as incidence of involution disturbances.

Results: The study revealed no statistically significant correlation between uterine involution and degree of uterine torsion. However, involution processes were significantly correlated to the time of the expulsion of the fetal membranes. Days to conception and intercalving intervals were significantly influenced by the presence of uterine torsion.

Conclusion: Concerning fertility after uterine torsion, it was shown that reduced fertility is associated with the duration of uterine torsion (p=0.02) and time to drop of fetal membranes (p=0.02) but not with the degree of torsion (p=0.27).
Netzwerke
Authors: Oberg Achim , Korff Valeska
Published: January 2020

Achim Oberg und Valeska Korff zeigen in diesem Beitrag auf, was relationales Denken ist und welche Formen es im Neo-Institutionalismus annimmt, da sie überzeugt sind, dass relationale Ideen die theoretische und empirische Weiterentwicklung dieses Ansatzes unterstützen können. Ihr Ausgangspunkt liegt in der allgemeinen Annahme, dass sich ein Phänomen in seine Elemente und Beziehungen zerlegen lässt. Auf diese Weise wird es möglich, danach zu fragen, inwieweit die Eigenschaften der Elemente und die Komposition der Beziehungen zwischen den Elementen etwas zum Verständnis oder gar zur Erklärung des Phänomens beitragen. Durch die Betonung der Bedeutung von Beziehungen bilden Eigenschaften von Elementen wie zum Beispiel Charakteristika, Motive und Handlungen von Akteuren nicht mehr den alleinigen Fokus der Überlegungen und Analysen. Vielmehr werden deren Verhältnis zueinander, d.h. die Beziehungsgefüge, in denen z.B. Akteure stehen, und die sich daraus ergebenden Strukturen und Dynamiken berücksichtigt.
Zwischen Script und Reality
Authors: Korte Jule
Published: January 2020

Das sogenannte »Reality TV« spielt mit der Grenze zwischen Wirklichkeit und Fiktion. Doch wie lässt sich dieses Format analysieren? Aus medienkulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive formuliert Jule Korte eine Beschreibungsebene für Fernseherfahrung, in der sich diese nicht mehr generalisieren lässt. Vielmehr schlägt sie vor, Fernseherfahrung als relationale Dynamik zu verstehen, in der sich Bedeutsamkeiten formieren, die nicht entweder dem Fernsehen oder dem »wirklichen« Leben entspringen, sondern deren Relevanz sich genau in der Halbwelt zwischen Script und Reality, in einer gemeinsamen Erfahrungsökologie entfaltet. Aus einer empirischen Studie mit Jugendlichen zu Scripted Reality-Formaten ergründet sie solche Ökologien und betont die Untrennbarkeit von »medialer« und »gewöhnlicher« Erfahrung.
Bildungs- und Berufsberatung in der Migrationsgesellschaft
Authors: Schmidtke Birgit
Published: January 2020

Im Ausland erworbene Qualifikationen sind aufgrund struktureller Hindernisse oftmals nur schwer für die berufliche Integration nutzbar. Doch gerade dieser Aspekt gewinnt zunehmend an gesellschaftlicher Bedeutung und wird in der Anerkennungsberatung im Einzelfall verhandelt. Dieser Prozess ist aber mit nicht unerheblichen rechtlichen und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Birgit Schmidtke untersucht aus einer anerkennungs- und beratungstheoretischen Perspektive, welche Handlungsstrategien die Berater_innen in Auseinandersetzung mit den rechtlichen und gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen entwickeln. Sie liefert eine systematische Beschreibung sowie pädagogische Begründung von Anerkennungsberatung als Fachberatung und zeigt auf, wie sich Bildungs- und Berufsberatung in der Migrationsgesellschaft positionieren kann.
Entwicklungspfade des Posturalyoga zwischen Lebensmächtemaximierung und kollektivem Sitzstellungssport
Authors: Gugler Thomas K.
Published: January 2020

Dr. Thomas K. Gugler widmet sich in seinem Beitrag den diversen Entwicklungspfaden des Posturalyoga. Kaum ein religiöser Begriff ist so polyvalent wie der des Yoga. Seine unterschiedlichen, über Jahrhunderte hinweg entwickelten körperzentrierten, psychomentalen und spirituellen Praktiken und philosophischen Lehren eröffnen vielfältige Anknüpfungspunkte in zahlreiche Richtungen. So gelangten abwechslungsweise verschiedene religiöse Wege, asketische Läuterungsrituale, mentale Fokussierung, Entsagung, Erkenntnis, Lebensmacht, Erlösung, körperliche Reinigungstechniken, Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit oder Wohlbefinden in den Hauptfokus von Yogatraditionen.
Hayeks Sozialphilosophie: Neoliberaler Mainstream oder Quertreiberei?
Authors: Hastedt Heiner
Published: January 2020

Dieter Thomäs »Philosophie des Störenfrieds« ist geprägt von der Sympathie für den Außenseiter, gerade weil er der Gegenwart zu Recht attestiert, dass sich hier zu viel Orientierung an Konsens ohne echten diesen vorbereitenden Widerstreit breit gemacht hat. Störenfriede können als Teil einer Minderheit unabhängig von der Links-Rechts-Differenz des Politischen für die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung hilfreich sein, weil sie Nachdenk- und Aktionsanlässe schaffen, die ohne sie im Mainstream untergehen. Wer jedoch als Quertreiber, Störenfried, Grenzgänger, Außenseiter oder auch als Rabauke und puer robustus gilt, hängt davon ab, in welchen Kreisen wir verkehren. In diesem Artikel erprobe ich einige Gedanken Thomäs an einem keineswegs jungen Autor, der sicher kaum einem im Kontext des Störenfrieds einfällt, weil er oft als Protagonist des Mainstreams gilt. Im links-intellektuellen Milieu wird der Sozialphilosoph Friedrich August von Hayek allgemein mit ziemlicher Heftigkeit als Ideologe abgelehnt, der den vermeintlichen Ehrentitel des Quertreibers nicht verdient. Das Urteil über ihn steht für viele fest: Neoliberal, Pinochet-Unterstützer und als chicago boy mitschuldig an den Übeln der Globalisierung. Der vorliegende Artikel versucht zu erkunden, ob Hayek diese Rolle zu Recht bekommt oder ob bei wohlwollender Lesart doch etwas positiv Grenzgängerisches in seinem Werk zu entdecken ist.
Souveränität: Dynamisierung und Kontestation in der digitalen Konstellation
Authors: Thiel Thorsten
Published: January 2020

Thorsten Thiel untersucht in seinem Beitrag den Bedeutungswandel des Souveränitätskonzepts für den Digitalisierungsdiskurs, indem er zeigt, mit welchen Gegenständen das Konzept in Verbindung gebracht wird und was zentrale Forschungsfragen sind. Die Souveränitätsdebatte wird entlang dreier Stränge rekonstruiert: Debatten um Souveränität und Territorialität, Debatten um Souveränität und Herrschaftsansprüche und Debatten um Souveränität und demokratische Selbstbestimmung. Thorsten Thiel zeigt, dass die performative Produktivität des Konzepts Souveränität einer begrifflicher Unschärfe entspringt, die Souveränität zu einer Projektionsfolie für unterschiedlich normativ aufgeladene Diskurse macht.
Die Produktion der Konsumgesellschaft
Authors: Mohr Ernst
Published: January 2020

Mit einer grundlegend neuen Qualitätstheorie des Konsums zeigt Ernst Mohr: Distanz und Nähe werden im Sozialen konsumierend kommuniziert und durch Kommunikation produziert. Er positioniert Stile postmoderner Gruppen - wie bspw. Hip-Hop, Punk, Skinhead, Hipster, Pop - mit jenen des »Mainstreams« in einem stilistischen Gesamtsystem der Gesellschaft und analysiert deren Begegnungen. Dieser Ansatz wirft ein ganz neues Licht auf die kulturelle und soziale Evolution sowie die Geschäftsmodelle der Konsumgüterindustrie und bahnt damit der Soziologie, den Kulturwissenschaften sowie der Semiotik und Ökonomik einen gemeinsamen Zugang zu einem Interessengebiet, das bisher mit widersprüchlichen Paradigmen bearbeitet wurde.
Was ist ein Original?
Authors: Reisinger Doris
Published: January 2020

Um den Begriff des Originals gibt es heftige Debatten. Können Fälschungen ebenso gut sein wie Originale? Wann sind Kopien vielleicht sogar besser? Und ist die Zeit des Originals nicht überhaupt vorbei? Dabei tritt die Frage, was ein Original eigentlich sei, oft in den Hintergrund. Doris Reisinger stellt die These auf: Der Begriff des Originals ist nicht nur nicht obsolet, er hat auch nicht notwendig mit Neuheit, Urheberschaft oder ästhetischem Wert zu tun - das Problem des Originalbegriffs besteht schlicht darin, dass seine komplexe Struktur verkannt wird. Vor diesem Ausgangspunkt erarbeitet sie einen Explikationsvorschlag, der die Beantwortung einer ganzen Reihe von Fragen dieser klassischen philosophischen Debatte erlaubt.
Wohnkultur im Alter
Authors: Zielke Nicole
Published: January 2020

Wie gestalten Menschen im hohen Lebensalter den Übergang ins Altenheim? Welche Rolle spielt dabei das körperlich-leibliche Befinden? Und wie gelingt es, den Verlust der gewohnten räumlichen Privatheit zu kompensieren? Ausgehend von diesen Fragestellungen entwickelt Nicole Zielke unter Berücksichtigung materiell-räumlicher und körperlich-leiblicher Aspekte ein Übergangsverständnis, das den Blick für die Lebensbedingungen, Selbstverhältnisse und individuellen Praktiken im hohen Alter weiter öffnet. Damit liefert sie eine innovative und detailreiche Untersuchung, die sowohl inhaltlich als auch methodisch neue Erkenntnisse und Einsichten für die Lebenslauf- und Alternsforschung vermittelt und Anknüpfungspunkte für umziehende Personen, pflegende Angehörige und Praktiker*innen der Altenhilfe bietet.
Migration und Museum: Verheißung oder Aporie?
Authors: Rupnow Dirk
Published: January 2020

Seit einigen Jahren wird in Österreich, Deutschland und anderen europäischen Ländern äußerst intensiv über die Herausforderungen diskutiert, die Migration an Museen stellt. Sie betreffen durchaus unterschiedliche Ebenen der Institution und ihrer Arbeit und weisen gleichzeitig mit ihren gesellschaftspolitischen Implikationen weit über sie hinaus. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Aspekte der Debatte.
Der Kampf um das "moderne" Museum - Zeitgeschichte im polnischen Museumsboom
Authors: Heinemann Monika
Published: January 2020

Die polnische Museumslandschaft erfährt seit fast 15 Jahren eine radikale Wandlung, insbesondere im Bereich historischer Museen. Nicht nur ist die Zahl von Museumsneugründungen und grundsätzlichen Neukonzeptionen von Dauerausstellungen massiv gestiegen. Das institutionelle Selbstverständnis ebenso wie der inhaltliche, methodische und gestalterische Zugang der Museums- und Ausstellungsmacher ihren Themen gegenüber hat sich stark gewandelt. Während im Bereich der Ausstellungskonzeption und -gestaltung narrative Schauen mit einem stark szenografischen Zugang das Feld dominieren, hat sich das Spektrum präsentierter Deutungen und historischer Perspektiven stark ausgefächert. Der Beitrag wird die Pluralisierung der musealen Geschichtsnarrative seit Einsetzen des Museumsbooms 2004 anhand einzelner herausragender Museen beleuchten, die bis heute landesweite Strahlkraft entfalten. Im Zentrum steht dabei die Musealisierung des Zweiten Weltkriegs, eines in der polnischen Erinnerungskultur und Geschichtspolitik bis heute zentralen (Streit-)Themas. Am Beispiel des Museums des Warschauer Aufstands, das den polnischen Museumsboom initiierte, der sogenannten Schindler-Fabrik in Krakau, des ersten prominenten Gegenentwurfs zur erstgenannten Schau, sowie des Museums der Geschichte der Polnischen Juden POLIN wird sowohl das interpretatorische Spektrum als auch das sich darin manifestierende gewandelte Selbstverständnis zeitgeschichtlicher Museen in Polen diskutiert. Anhand der Dauerausstellungen und weiterer Aktivitäten der betrachteten Museen wird nicht zuletzt die innerpolnische Debatte um die Rolle und Aufgaben historischer Museen beleuchtet - sowohl mit Bezug auf interne Auseinandersetzungen der Fachcommunity wie der an sie gerichteten Erwartungen von öffentlicher und vor allem politischer Seite.
Doppelte Diktaturerfahrung. Die Erinnerung an stalinistischen Terror und Holocaust im KGB-Eckhaus und Rigaer Ghetto-Museum
Authors: Wezel Katja
Published: January 2020

Der Beitrag vergleicht das Rigaer KGB-Museum, im Volksmund Eckhaus genannt, mit dem Rigaer Ghetto-Museum. Beide Museen sind zirka im gleichen Zeitraum (zwischen 2010 und 2016) entstanden bzw. erweitert worden und befinden sich an Originalschauplätzen. Beide Museen legen ein besonderes Augenmerk darauf darzustellen, welche Folgen die nationalsozialistische bzw. kommunistische Besatzung und Diktatur auf Lettland hatte. So beinhaltet das Rigaer Ghetto-Museum eine Ausstellung zum jüdischen Leben in Lettland vor 1941. Beide Ausstellungen legen großen Wert darauf, Zeugnisse von Überlebenden einzubeziehen. Da die Opfer des Rigaer Ghetto-Museums auch aus Deutschland und Österreich kamen, ist die Einbeziehung einer europäischen Perspektive hier vom Untersuchungsgegenstand vorgegeben. Die Europäisierung des Holocaustgedenkens wird auch anhand mehrerer Ausstellungsstücke, so zum Beispiel eines nachkonstruierten Zugwaggons, deutlich. Hingegen stellt das KGB-Eckhaus primär die lettische Geschichte aus: Der Fokus liegt auf den zivilen lettischen Opfern der kommunistischen Diktatur, die im Kellergefängnis des NKWD bzw. des KGB gefoltert wurden. Eine »Europäisierung« wird nur in Querverweisen zu anderen Museen deutlich, die ebenfalls die Geschichte der kommunistischen Diktatur ausstellen, wie z.B. das Haus des Terrors in Budapest.
Оценка социокультурных детерминант развития предпринимательской культуры молодежи
Authors: Глухих Павел Леонидович , Шкурин Денис Вадимович , Воронина Людмила Васильевна
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена методической оценке и выявлению влияния на предпринимательскую культуру двух ключевых факторов: степени развития предпринимательства и размера муниципалитета. Через апробацию двух авторских методик оценки проверялась гипотеза: чем выше степень развития предпринимательства в муниципальном образовании, тем выше степень предпринимательской культуры молодежи. В методологическом отношении исследование основывается на социально-экономическом подходе, применяемом через инструментарий экономического и социокультурного анализа. Информационной базой исследования выступили результаты авторского массового опроса молодежи более чем 150 городов и населенных пунктов Свердловской области, а также проведен опрос экспертов из числа предпринимателей, обратившихся за государственной поддержкой. Составлен рейтинг муниципалитетов Свердловской области по степени развития предпринимательства: высокая, средняя, низкая. Путем измерения аксиологических установок молодежи рассчитан уровень развития предпринимательской культуры по муниципалитетам Свердловской области. Гипотеза подтвердилась в части общего предпринимательского поведения: чем выше уровень развития предпринимательства в муниципалитете, тем больше в поведении молодежи проявляются свойственные предпринимателям черты. Влияние на предпринимательскую культуру второго оцениваемого фактора – размера муниципалитета также подтвердилась. Выявлено, что в средних по численности городах почти в два раза больше молодежи с высокой степенью предпринимательской культуры по причине большей привлекательности собственного бизнеса на фоне других менее интересных для молодежи альтернатив. С учетом корреляции социокультурных факторов предложены наиболее важные направления развития предпринимательской активности молодежи.

Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых МК-6580.2018.6.