bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hippocampal astrocytic sequence emerges during learning and memory
Authors: Ramirez Steve , Senne Ryan , Suthard Rebecca , Cao Rui , Monasterio Amy , Ruesch Evan , Buzharsky Michelle , Howard Marc
Published: October 2024

The dorsal hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure with numerous cell types involved in generating and maintaining detailed representations of space and time. Prior work has established that pyramidal cells contribute to these crucial aspects of episodic memory. For example, hippocampal “time cells” encode temporal information through sequential activity. However, the role of non-neuronal cell types are less often explored. In this study, we investigated dorsal hippocampal CA1 astrocytes using one-photon calcium imaging in freely moving animals during a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. To our knowledge, this is the first time a study has successfully performed longitudinal registration of astrocytic cell population using 1p calcium imaging, thus permitting the tracking of a stable population of these cells in freely-moving mice. In response to foot shock, astrocytes generated robust calcium-event sequences with a time-compressed structure akin to canonical hippocampal time cells. Upon re-exposure to the conditioned context, these astrocytic sequences persisted in the absence of shock, maintaining their time-compressed structure. Moreover, astrocytes active on the previous day retained a preserved sequential structure, indicating memory-specific properties. This phenomenon was not observed in a context different from the initial fear conditioning chamber. Taken together, these results present a potentially paradigm-shifting notion that astrocytes play a significant role in the representation of temporal information processing across learning and memory.
The BioSUD Biobank: A genomic resource for Substance Use Disorders in Italy
Authors: Ribatti Raffaella Maria , de Gennaro Luciana , Daponte Alessia , Cozzoli Danilo , Quaranta Maria Rita , Ostuni Angelo , Casanova Margherita , Ariano Vincenza , Leone Vincenzo , Perrone Francesco , Bona Salvatore Della , Lacalamita Angela , De Fazio Salvatore , Lorusso Daniela , Metspalu Mait , Torroni Antonio , Olivieri Anna , Capelli Cristian , Antonacci Francesca , Catacchio Claudia Rita , Ventura Mario , Montinaro Francesco
Published: October 2024

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are a significant public health concern with complex etiologies involving genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Here we present BioSUD, a biobank that, by integrating genomic data with comprehensive phenotypic assessments, including sociodemographic, psychosocial, and addiction-related variables, was developed to investigate the etiology of SUDs within the Southern Italian population. We assessed a cohort of 1,806 participants (1,508 controls and 298 individuals with SUD diagnosis), revealing a marked male predominance in both groups. Genomic analyses of the newly generated genotypes showed a predominantly Southern Italian ancestry for the BioSUD cohort. Moreover, multiple genotype analysis highlights the presence of different ancestries, suggesting a complex history of Southern Italian groups, contributing to a relatively high level of genetic variation that may be not captured by translational studies based on groups with predominantly Northern European ancestries. From a social and psychological perspective, individuals with SUDs exhibited lower socioeconomic status, increased exposure to adverse experiences, and compromised familial and peer relationships relative to controls. These results show that the BioSUD cohort is valuable for studying SUDs-associated complex behavioral traits.
Evaluating gender bias in Large Language Models in long-term care
Authors: Rickman Sam
Published: October 2024

Background: Large language models (LLMs) are being used to reduce the administrative burden in long-term care by automatically generating and summarising case notes. However, LLMs can reproduce bias in their training data. This study evaluates gender bias in summaries of long-term care records generated with two state-of-the-art, open-source LLMs released in 2024: Meta's Llama 3 and Google Gemma.
Methods: Gender-swapped versions of long-term care records for 617 older people from a London local authority were created. Summaries of male and female versions were generated with Llama 3 and Gemma, as well as benchmark models from Meta and Google released in 2019: T5 and BART. Linguistic and inclusion bias was quantified through sentiment analysis, and frequency of words and themes
Results: The benchmark models exhibited some variation in output on the basis of gender. Llama 3 showed no gender-based differences across any metrics. Gemma displayed the most significant gender-based differences. Male summaries focus more on physical and mental health issues. Language used for men was more direct, with women's needs downplayed more often than men's.
Conclusions: Care services are allocated on the basis of need. If women's health issues are underemphasised, this may lead to gender-based disparities in service receipt. LLMs may offer substantial benefits in easing administrative burden. However, the findings highlight the variation in state-of-the-art LLMs, and the need for evaluation of bias in LLMs. Bias across gender and other protected characteristics should be evaluated in LLMs used in long-term care. The methods in this paper provide a practical framework for such evaluations. The code is available on GitHub.
Hydrogen sulfide preserves intestinal barrier repair function through sulfhydration of RPS20 in experimental colitis
Authors: He Xuan , Li Jichang , Huang Zhihao , Xue Baoshuai , Zhu Jing , You Meiyi , Liu Xiaoyun , Wang Xin , Liu Yucun , Chen Shanwen , Wang Pengyuan
Published: October 2024

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have a significantly impaired intestinal barrier. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous mediator that makes notable contributions in a variety of diseases, such as reducing inflammatory response in colitis. The experimental content includes the establishment of a mouse DSS-induced colitis model, mouse colon epithelial organoids culture, H&E staining and mass spectrometry analysis. We recognized that exogenous H2S donor-GYY4137 significantly alleviated the symptoms in UC mice models and maintained Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MCM2) expression. CBS knockdown reduced the expression of sulfhydrated Ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20-ssh) and MCM2 in the mouse colon. Cell experiments indicated that the expression of RPS20-ssh, rather than total expression of RPS20, is responsible. Our investigation indicated that CBS-H2S axis increases the sulfhydration level of RPS20, leading to enhanced binding between RPS20 and MCM2 mRNA, thereby promoting intestinal epithelial proliferation. This may provide a new potential therapy for the clinical treatment of colitis.
CdS(en) hybrid nanoparticles supported on Mg(OH)2-MgO mixture. Suitable preparation via a one pot synthesis for the photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Romero Angela G. , RAVE SANDRA LUCIA RAMIREZ , Hernández-Gordillo Agileo , Rojas-Montoya Ivan D. , Gómez Ricardo
Published: October 2024

CdS(en)/Mg(OH)2-MgO photocatalysts were easily synthesized using a one pot synthesis, and their structural, optical and morphological properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These supported materials were used as photocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), using water as the raw material, and methanol as sacrificial molecule under visible (blue) light irradiation. CdS(en)/Mg(OH)2-MgO materials presented high performances in the HER reaction. When Mg(OH)2-MgO support was obtained by ammonia pre-treatment of MgO, an improvement in the electronic-optical and textural properties was observed, resulting in an enhancement in the H2 yields.
Community-level foliar stable carbon isotope is more influenced by leaf functional traits under drought conditions
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Wang Xu , Bai Yingying , Jiang Shan , Li Kuan , Li Zhiyong , Liu Huamin , Wang Lixin , Wang Yang , Dong Lei , Liang Cunzhu
Published: October 2024

The carbon isotope composition of leaf tissue is an excellent indicator of a plant's intrinsic water use efficiency, providing crucial insights into vegetation dynamics under global climate change. However, in arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems, the factors driving variations in community foliar δ13C values across different steppe types and the extent to which they can be used to monitor changes in community productivity remain unclear. Based on the community-weighted mean foliar δ13C (foliar δ13CCWM) values of meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe, which are distributed from east to west as water resources decrease in Inner Mongolia grasslands, our study examines the impacts and regulatory pathways of the community-weighted means of leaf functional traits (LFTCWM) and environmental factors on foliar δ13CCWM values and aboveground productivity. Our results show that the foliar δ13CCWM variations are predominantly influenced by environmental factors in meadow and typical steppe areas but by leaf traits in desert steppe areas. Aboveground productivity in Inner Mongolian grasslands is influenced primarily by temperature, and foliar δ13CCWM values can be used to monitor changes in productivity. Our findings are crucial for understanding how plants drive processes in grassland ecosystems and determining the responses of grassland ecosystems to environmental changes.
Hydrodilatation: A Comparison Between Diabetics and Non-Diabetics with Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Onggo Jason Derry , Gupta Mehek , Low Eugene , Tan Teong Jin Lester , Lee Keng Thiam , Ho Sean Wei Loong , T Jegathesan
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The primary aim of this retrospective study is to compare the short and medium-term outcomes for shoulder hydrodilatation for treatment of shoulder AC between diabetic and non-diabetic patients, to evaluate if there were better outcomes amongst non-diabetic patients.
Methods
Patients with clinical or radiological diagnosis of AC and who underwent ultrasound guided shoulder hydrodilatation in our local institution from January 2021 to June 2022 were included in this study. Clinical outcomes were measured with visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and passive range of motion consisting of forward flexion (FF) and external rotation (ER) at pre-hydrodilatation, 1-month and 6-months post hydrodilatation.
Results
A total of 163 shoulders were included, corresponding to 156 patients consisting of 47 diabetics, 109 non-diabetics and 7 bilateral shoulders (3 diabetics and 4 non-diabetics). At the time of presentation, there was no significant difference in VAS, FF or ER between diabetics and non-diabetics. From pre-hydrodilatation to 1-month post-hydrodilatation and 1-month to 6-months post-hydrodilatation, there was significant improvement in VAS, FF and ER for both groups. Comparing diabetics vs non-diabetics, the non-diabetic group had significantly better FF (p<0.01) at 1 month post hydrodilatation. At 6 months post-hydrodilatation, non-diabetic group also had significantly better outcomes including VAS score (p=0.02), FF (p<0.01) and ER (p=0.02).
Conclusion
Hydrodilatation is an effective treatment option in the short and medium term in both diabetics and non-diabetics with adhesive capsulitis, with good relief of pain and improvement in shoulder range of motion. Diabetic patients have significantly less improvement in range of motion and pain compared to non-diabetics at 6-months post hydrodilatation.
Clinical Study on Huangqin Decoction in Treating HR-Positive Patients with Abemaciclib-Related Diarrhea - Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhu Mengdie , Wu Chunyu , Liu Sheng
Published: October 2024

Background: Diarrhea is one of the most common adverse drug reactions of Abemaciclib, which severely affects the quality of life of patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used in the treatment of drug-related diarrhea and has achieved good clinical efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of Huangqin Decoction, a classical Chinese medicine formula, on Abemaciclib-related diarrhea.
Methods: This study was designed as a randomized double-blind controlled trial, with two parallel groups. A total of 140 patients aged between 18 and 75 years,diagnosed with HR-positive breast cancer and taking Abemaciclib, were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. After enrollment, both groups received 2 months of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, with the experimental group receiving Huangqin Decoction and the control group receiving placebo treatment. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graded diarrhea, while the secondary outcome measures included diarrhea clinical symptom score,frequency and duration of diarrhea,KPS (Karnofsky Performance Status),safety evaluation index,and the observational indicators are ORR (Overall Response Rate) and PFS (Progression-Free Survival).
Discussion: This study aims to observe the efficacy of Huangqin Decoction in treating Abemaciclib-related diarrhea, providing new treatment ideas and reliable scientific evidence for Abemaciclib-related diarrhea. The impact of Huangqin Decoction on the tumor status of HR-positive breast cancer patients still needs further follow-up.
Trial Registration: Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2400084945. Registered on May 28,2024.
Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Deterioration Early Warning System (Cdews) Score in Hospital Inpatients
Authors: Mas Naia , Legarreta Maria Jose , Molinuevo Janire , García-Gutiérrez Susana , group CDEWS working
Published: October 2024

Electronic health records allow access to data on potential predictors of clinical deterioration in hospital inpatients beyond vital signs, e.g., lab test results and comorbidities. Using such data, we aimed to develop and validate a model to predict clinical deterioration.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with information on vital signs, comorbidities, and lab test results for consecutive over-17-year-olds hospitalized in Galdakao-Usansolo University Hospital. Deterioration was defined as death or unplanned admission to an intermediate/intensive care unit. A multivariate generalized linear mixed model was constructed using a derivation dataset, adjusting for the random effect of the patient. We calculated risk scores and categories and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for this cohort, and also for an external validation cohort, to test their validity with external data. The model was calibrated in the derivation dataset considering 10 decile-based groups. The score was calibrated in both datasets.
Overall, 6,372 hospitalizations of 9,084 patients (70.5%) were included in the derivation dataset and 7,812 of 10,531 patients (74.2%) in the validation dataset. In these sets, 5% and 6% of patients respectively reached the composite endpoint (pvalue = 0.02). Older patients, and those with polypharmacy and/or neoplasms were more likely to deteriorate. Deterioration was associated with higher blood pressure and C-reactive protein and lower oxygen saturation, glycemia, and potassium levels. The final model´s AUC was 0.83 (0.81-0.85).
We provide a reliable easy-to-implement score to predict death or unexpected ICU admission; further research is needed to assess potential clinical benefits.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06499376Registered at 2024-07-12 (retrospectively registered)
Does Voiding Cystouretrography Cause Thyroid Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Manyas Hayrullah , Özdemir Özgür Şimşek , Ayrancı İlkay , Erfidan Gökçen , Demir Belde Kasap , Çatlı Gönül , Dündar Bumin Nuri
Published: October 2024

Background
High blood iodine levels have been reported after voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). This excess iodine can cause thyroid hormone disorders, particularly in children with reduced renal clearance.
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the thyroid functions of pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exposed to iodinated contrast media (ICM) during VCUG.
Materials and methods
We retrospectively studied children with CKD who had VCUG between March 2015-March 2019, whose thyroid function tests were within normal limits in last three months before VCUG, and who had thyroid function tests after the exposure. 44 patients were included in the study. 32 CKD patients were in the ICM exposure group, and 12 CKD patients were in the control group.
Results
Seventeen (56%) of 32 cases included in the VCUG group were male. The mean age of patients in this group was 9.4 ± 4.75 years. The median duration time from VCUG to thyroid functions testing was 13 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the thyroid function test results before and after VCUG in terms of fT3 and TSH levels. fT4 levels were significantly reduced after VCUG (p:0.03). Only one patient was diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism, and no patient was diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that overt hypothyroidism did not develop in children with CKD at least six months after ICM exposure during VCUG. A significant decrease in fT4 levels was detected after ICM exposure, indicating that these cases should be followed up in terms of thyroid dysfunctions.
The Fifth Generation Regional Climate Modeling System, RegCM5: the first Convection-Permitting European wide simulation and validation over the CORDEX-CORE domains
Authors: Coppola Erika , Giorgi Filippo , Giuliani Graziano , Pichelli Emanuela , Ciarlo James M. , Raffaele Francesca , Nogherotto Rita , Reboita Michelle Simões , Lu Chen , Zazulie Natalia , Vargas-Heinz Luiza , Cardoso Andressa Andrade , de Leeuw Johannes
Published: October 2024

The Regional Climate Modeling system (RegCM) has undergone a significant evolution over the years, leading for example to the widely used versions RegCM4 and RegCM4-NH. In response to the demand for higher resolution, a new version of the system has been developed, RegCM5, incorporating the non-hydrostatic dynamical core of the MOLOCH weather prediction model. In this paper we assess the RegCM5's performance for 9 CORDEX-CORE domains, including a pan-European domain at convection-permitting resolution. We find temperature biases generally in the range of -2 to 2 degrees Celsius, with a larger positive bias in the northernmost regions of North America and Asia during winter, linked to cloud water overestimation.There are cold biases over Central Asia and the Tibetan Plateau, possibly due to sparse station coverage. The model exhibits a prevailing cold bias in maximum temperature and warm bias in minimum temperature, associated with a systematic overestimation of lower-level cloud fraction, especially in winter. Taylor diagrams indicate a high spatial temperature pattern correlation with ERA5 and CRU data, except in South America and the Caribbean region. The precipitation evaluation shows an overestimation in South America, East Asia, and Africa. RegCM5 improves the daily precipitation distribution compared to RegCM4, particularly at high intensities. The analysis of wind fields confirms the model's ability to simulate monsoon circulations. The assessment of tropical cyclone tracks highlights a strong sensitivity to the tracking algorithms, thus necessitating a careful model interpretation. Over the European region, the convection permitting simulations especially improve the diurnal cycle of precipitation and the hourly precipitation intensities.
Characteristics of Lung Perfusion and Ventilation in Healthy Adults: A Prospective Study with Phase-resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liu Anqi , Ni Yifei , Wang Jianping , Xi Linfeng , Yang Haoyu , Wang Hongyi , Du Jie , Zhang Ling , Dai Jinzhu , Huang Ke , Ren Yanhong , Wang Shiyao , Xia Jingen , An Jing , Grimm Robert , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Liu Min
Published: October 2024

Background Lung prefusion and ventilation under physiological conditions have not been evaluated and visualized before. We aim to analyse pulmonary perfusion and ventilation between tidal and deep breathing in healthy individuals and compared differences between sexes and age groups with Phase-Resolved Functional Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PREFUL- MRI).Methods This prospective observational study included healthy volunteers from May 2023 to May 2024. All participants underwent PREFUL-MRI in the supine position during tidal and deep-slow breathing using a balanced steady-state free-precession sequence. Perfusion-and ventilation-related metrics on PREFUL-MRI were analysed with an automated quantitative pipeline and compared between tidal and deep breathing, sexes and age groups.Results Eighty-seven healthy participants (47 men, mean age: 38.6 ± 12.3 years) were enrolled. Mean perfusion (7.7% vs. 6.0%, p < 0.001) and ventilation defects (8.6% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.002) were decreased, and mean ventilation (15.8% vs. 48.3%, p < 0.001) and perfusion defects (1.9% vs 7.9%, p = 0.001) increased during deep breathing compared with those during tidal breathing. Twenty-eight participants had increased lung perfusion while the other 59 people had reduced perfusion during tidal breathing. During tidal breathing, men exhibited higher mean ventilation (20.2% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.002) and more ventilation defects (9.5% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.022)than did women. Perfusion defects decreased in participants aged ≥ 45 years compared with those aged < 45 years (1.6% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.029). Mean flow-volume loop correlations were similar between tidal and deep breathing, sexes and age groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion PREFUL-MRI enables visually analysing lung perfusion and ventilation, thus enhancing our understanding of the physiological characteristics and alterations of lung.
Analysis of Different Machine Learning Models for Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Mehta Harsh
Published: October 2024

The increase in number of online transactions has led to a significant amount of credit card fraud over the past decade. Unauthorized use of one’s credit card information by stealing the information through dark web or scam calls, poses a major risk to both customer and businesses, particularly in e-commerce setting. This paper presents a comparative analysis of multiple machine learning models for credit card fraud detection, including logistic regression, isolation forest, K – mean clustering, and convolutional neural networks. With a highly unbalanced dataset we aim to evaluate these models’ performance in differentiating between genuine and fraudulent transactions based on features such as transaction history, user details, and merchant information. Our experiment results will help provide insights into effectiveness of each model for finding patterns to distinguish between real and fake that can be applied to real world data. This research contributes to the field of financial security by offering guidance on model selection for credit card fraud detection and related applications. View this project here.
Constrained Convolutional Neural Network Models for Optimizing Fully Connected Layer Weights in CNNs
Authors: TALAŞ Uğur , ÇUBUKÇU Burakhan , YÜZGEÇ Uğur
Published: October 2024

This study proposes constrained convolutional neural network models for determining the initial connection weights in the Fully Connected Network (FCN) layer within the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, resulting in an increase in the CNN model's performance. A literature review indicates that the constrained method is used in conjunction with CNN. However, previous studies have typically focused on using the constrained method before feature selection in CNN. In contrast, this study aims to calculate the initial values of the connection weights, one of the hyperparameters in the FCN, by using the constrained method between feature selection and the FCN layer. Five different models are proposed: the Constrained Difference CNN (D-CNN), the Sample Constrained CNN (C-CNN), the Constrained Sum CNN (S-CNN), the Random Sum CNN (RS-CNN), and the Constrained Mixed CNN (M-CNN). These proposed models and classical CNN, have been applied to the MNIST, MNIST Fashion, and CIFAR-10 datasets then the results have been examined. According to the average accuracy results, the C-CNN model achieved the highest performance in the MNIST dataset with an accuracy rate of 99.03\%. In the MNIST Fashion dataset, the best result was obtained by the D-CNN model with an accuracy rate of 91.80\%. Similarly, the D-CNN model achieved the highest performance in the CIFAR-10 dataset with an accuracy rate of 71.44\%. D-CNN and C-CNN models have outperformed the other proposed models and the classical CNN. The reason for the better performance of these two methods is considered to be their calculation based on the differential operation.
A Portfolio of Electrochemically Exfoliated Two-Dimensional Materials: From Crystals and Simulations to Electronic Inks and Circuits
Authors: Carey Tian , Synnatschke Kevin , Ghosh Goutam , Anzi Luca , Caffrey Eoin , Coleman Emmet , Lin Changpeng , Dawson Anthony , Liu Shixin , Wells Rebekah , McCrystall Mark , Plutnar Jan , Plutnarova Iva , Neilson Joe , Marzari Nicola , Siebbeles Laurens D.A. , Sordan Roman , Sofer Zdenek , Coleman Jonathan N.
Published: October 2024

Although high aspect-ratio 2D materials show great promise for printed electronics, few have yet been tested in these applications. In this study, we synthesised 28 different 2D materials and used electrochemical exfoliation to produce nanosheets which were then solution-deposited for characterization and device fabrication. Combining theory and experiment revealed that exfoliation of layered crystals with stiffness anisotropy above a critical value (Ein/Eout>1.7) can yield nanosheets with aspect-ratios >1000. Networks of high aspect-ratio, liquid-deposited nanosheets demonstrated n-type, p-type and ambipolar behaviour, and achieve peak mobilities and on/off ratios up to 13 cm².V⁻¹.s⁻¹ and 10⁵ respectively (WS₂). However, electrical performance remained limited by junctions, suggesting room for further improvement. The highest-performing 2D materials were utilized to create inverters, buffers, a 4-bit digital-to-analog converter, and a binary-amplitude-shift-keying circuit for encoding and decoding a 7-bit ASCII message. This work expands the range of 2D materials suitable for solution-processed electronics and highlights their potential.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЕКТ КОНРАДА ГЕССНЕРА: ИСТОРИЯ КНИГ В ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИИ ГУМАНИСТА
Authors: М.Л. СЕРГЕЕВ
Published: October 2024

В разделе книги публикуется полный перевод на русский язык вступи-тельной части к «Универсальной библиотеке» (1545) Конрада Гесснера — знаменитого труда, заложившего основы библиографии печатной книги. Предисловие и посвятительное письмо Гесснера отражают взгляды гума-ниста на всеобщую историю книги и важнейшие задачи управления ин-формацией, для которых существенно ощущение информационной пере-грузки и одновременно — понимание утраты значительных литературных трудов прошлого. Демонстрируя хорошее знакомство с устройством книжного дела — публикации и распространения изданий — Гесснер об-ращает внимание на новые трудности, которые стоят перед библиографи-ей и собиранием библиотек в эпоху книгопечатания. Кроме того, публи-куемые тексты содержат сведения об истории гесснеровского проекта (включавшего, помимо алфавитного тома, еще несколько частей), его ис-точниках и инструкцию по использованию справочника, отражающую ожидания читающей публики того времени. Русский перевод сопровожда-ется введением и комментариями, разъясняющими трудные места текста — реалии, цитаты и аллюзии, — а также помещающими «Библиотеку» в контекст современных исследований по истории книги и библиографии.

This book section offers a complete translation into Russian of the introduc-tion to the “Bibliotheca universalis” (1545) by Conrad Gessner, the famous work that laid the foundations of printed book bibliography. Gessner's preface and dedicatory letter present the humanist's view of the universal history of the book and the most important tasks of information management — view which was characterized by a sense of information overload and at the same time — under-standing the loss of significant literary works of the past. Demonstrating a good knowledge of the structure of the book business — printing and distribution — Gessner draws attention to the new challenges facing bibliography and book collection in the age of printing. In addition, the published paratexts contain information on the history of Gessner’s project (which included several parts in addition to the alphabetical volume), its sources, and an instruction manual re-flecting the expectations of the reading public at the time. The Russian transla-tion is accompanied by an introduction and commentary that clarifies difficult passages in the text — realities, quotations, and allusions — and places the Bib-liotheca in the context of contemporary research on the history of the book and bibliography.
3D printing of bimetallic materials: characteristics and performance
Authors: El aoudi A. , Ouballouch A. , Nassraoui M.
Published: October 2024

Bimetals 3D printing is a state-of-the-art technology, in which process parameters and heat treatments play key roles on the mechanical, thermal and structural properties of components. Our research goal is to investigate the potential of 3D printing bimetallic materials for different component parts according to each need. The procedures used in evaluating the results are based on the laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness, and materials of both additive manufacturing and heat treatments. The materials which were studied encompass Inconel 718, GH4169, 316L chrome steel, Inconel 625 and Ti6Al4V-W7Ni3Fe. It also shows the scanning speed has a large effect on the mechanical properties of Inconel 718, the laser power value when the porosity of GH4169 is at the minimum. Suitable functional materials produced by WAAM and wire-arc additive manufacturing assembly with robust, defect-free interface Indeed one of the other key observations from this study was that thermal conductivity and mechanical properties change significantly with the processing of the material, this then also strengthens the rationale for optimizing manufacturing parameters. This research highlights the potential of researching on materials with gradient properties and numerical simulation in future development of additive manufacturing of bimetallic and related alloys.
Exploring Building Orientation Effects on Mechanical Properties in FDM Technology: A Two-Scale Numerical Analysis
Authors: Essafi Khalid , Ouballouch Aissa , Zarbane Khalid
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing, particularly Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has revolutionized the fabrication of customized products, offering an opportunity to make complex parts. However, inherent complexity of these parts demands attention to analyze them, especially in understanding their mechanical properties. This study uses a homogenization method to determine these properties using two scale technique. Our investigation explores the influence of building orientation (Flat, On-edge, Up-right) on longitudinal Young’s modulus. To achieve this, we begin by creating the appropriate Representative Volume Element (RVE) which embodies the microstructure of 3D printed specimens. Subsequently, we calculate orthotropic properties of this RVE using Material Designer tool. Then, these properties are integrated into the subdivided specimen using material Referencess within ANSYS Workbench. And finally, we validate our numerical findings with experimental results.
Redefining the Human: Critical Posthumanist Perspectives in Ishiguro’s Klara and the Sun and Keyes’ Flowers for Algernon
Authors: Adıgüzel Leyla
Published: October 2024

In a world where humans occupy the most superior place in the hierarchy of beings, the gradual transformation of humans into a hybrid structure raises complex ethical and moral questions regarding the application of science and technology. This leads to a greater prevalence of transhumanism and posthumanism in literature. In this vein, in Klara and the Sun (2021), Kazuo Ishiguro highlights the unethical use of artificial intelligence through human-centred transhumanist initiatives and the potential risks of genetically modifying humans for a more advantageous generation. The author indicates deep concerns about the changing social dynamics due to artificial intelligence advances while confronting the reader with pivotal epistemic, ontological, and ethical questions regarding human and artificial intelligence. On the other hand, Daniel Keyes, whose works explore psychological and ethical themes and the human condition and limits of human potential, draws attention to issues similar to Ishiguro’s in his science fiction novel Flowers for Algernon (1966). Delicately examining questions about the intersection of technology and humanity, which form the basis of posthumanist philosophy, the author foregrounds the moral and ethical principles that transhumanism misses through his mentally disabled protagonist. Reading the novels from a critical posthumanist perspective, this article aims to focus on the authors’ endeavour to raise awareness about humans’ association with science and technology, their interconnectedness with other life forms, and the features that make humans human. The study draws attention to the common aspects of the two novels from a critical post-humanist perspective, focusing on the ethical and moral dilemmas associated with technological progress and the potential loss of human essence. Despite the significant time difference of around sixty years between the novels, this research aims to identify the similarities in their exploration of these themes.
Gimnazisták pályaorientációs jellemzői
Authors: Pálvölgyi Lajos
Published: October 2024

A továbbtanulási és a pályaválasztási döntés minden gimnazista életében kiemelt jelentőségű, ezért rendszerint hosszú előkészítés, iránykeresés előzi meg. A tanulmány a tanulók személyéhez közvetlenül kapcsolódó pályaorientációs jellemzőket tekinti át. Ezek ismerete segíti a folyamat megértését és hatékony támogatását. A második részben egy alapítvány 2021. évi adatfelvételének másodelemzése alapján néhány fontosabb pályaorientációs jellemzőt vizsgálunk gimnáziumi tanulók körében, különös tekintettel arra, hogy a tanulók neme és évfolyama, valamint iskolájuk átlagos OKM kompetenciafelmérési eredménye és átlagos családi háttérindex mutatója milyen kapcsolatban áll az egyes változókkal. A minta országosan nem reprezentatív (N=1137). Egy saját fejlesztésű kérdéssor mellett a Rosenberg-féle Önbecsülés Skála (RSES: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Rosenberg, 1965) és a Pályaválasztási Bizonytalanság Kérdőív (CFI: Career Factors Inventory, Chartrand et al., 1990) került alkalmazásra. A vizsgálat nem igazolta azt a hipotézist, miszerint a pályaorientációs változók kedvezőbb értékei lennének kimutathatók a magasabb évfolyamokon, ami azt jelzi, hogy több önismeretet és pályaorientációt támogató aktivitásra lenne szükség a gimnáziumi évek során, javítva a pályaorientáció hatékonyságát, és erősítve annak folyamatjellegét. A pályaorientációs jellemzők között feltárt összefüggések ismerete segítheti a pedagógiai intervenciók tervezését. Az egyes változók fokozott figyelmet igénylő kiugró értékei mentén azonosíthatók az intenzívebb pályaorientációs támogatást igénylő tanulók. Klaszterelemzés eredményeképp a pályaorientáció tekintetében négy tanulótípus rajzolódott ki: a magabiztos, a kiegyensúlyozott, a szorongó és a bizonytalan. A típusok jellegzetességei alapján mindegyikhez sajátos differenciált támogatási stratégia javasolható.
Planowanie radioterapii pacjentów posiadających układ stymulujący pracę serca
Authors: Jakrzewska Wioletta
Published: October 2024

The increase in the survival curve of cancer patients and more and the improvement of diagnostic methods have contributed to an increase in the number of patients with pacemakers who are undergoing radiotherapeutic treatment. There are many risk factors, but having an electronic heart stimulation system should not be a contraindication to treatment. Planning such treatment is quite a challenge, because ionizing radiation is not neutral to this type of devices. Medical physicists and radiotherapists should apply the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievale) when planning radiotherapy. A number of guidelines have been developed that should be followed to reduce the risk of damage to the stimulator.
Porównanie rozkładów dawek dla nowotworu odbytnicy dla dwóch pozycji pacjenta w trakcie procesu napromieniania: pozycja na plecach i na brzuchu.
Authors: Kosmowska Justyna , Weronika Kijeska  , Maria Radomiak  , Agnieszka Skrobała
Published: October 2024

Celem pracy było porównanie rozkładów dawek planów wykonanych techniką obrotową z modulacją intensywności dawki VMAT (ang. Volumetric Modulated Arc Theraphy) dla nowotworu odbytnicy dla dwóch pozycji pacjenta: pozycji na plecach i na brzuchu. Wybrano retrospektywnie pacjentów do dwóch grup, każda  składała się z 10 pacjentów. Dla każdego pacjenta wykonano plan leczenia w technice VMAT z zastosowaniem dwóch lub trzech łuków o energii 6 MV, z wykorzystaniem akceleratora liniowego TrueBeam. Dawka zadana wynosiła 25 Gy w 5 frakcjach. W planach przeanalizowano następujące parametry: wartości dawki zdeponowanej w 98% i 2% objętości PTV oraz wartość dawek jakie otrzymały narządy krytyczne. W grupie pacjentów leczonych w pozycji na brzuchu wykazano redukcję dawki w jelitach poprzez zmniejszenie objętości jelita w polu napromieniowania w porównaniu do ułożenia pacjenta w pozycji na plecach. Różnica dawek w innych narządach krytycznych jest nieznaczna.
Radioterapia piersi lewej – porównanie leczenia techniką bramkowania oddechowego DIBH z techniką na swobodnym oddechu.
Authors: Jakrzewska Wioletta
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Radiotherapy is a very important part of the treatment of this cancer. As breast cancer patients survive longer, any long-term side effects caused by treatment become increasingly important. The aim of this study is to determine whether deep breath-hold (DIBH) respiratory-gated radiotherapy is superior to free-breathing (FB) radiotherapy in reducing cardiac exposure. The analysis included 50 patients treated in 2022-2023 for left breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery. The obtained data allow us to conclude that DIBH is a more advantageous technique than FB. There is a visible decrease in the average dose to the heart from 3.29±1.77Gy to 1.43±0.54Gy, V20 to the heart from 5.14±4.95% to 0.67±0.81% in favor of DIBH. A slightly smaller difference, but still supporting the DIBH technique, is for the doses received by the left lung, i.e. a decrease in the average value from 7.39±2.21Gy to 7.14±1.9Gy, and in V20 from 15.42±5.17 % to 14.55±3.92%.
The Sacred Stones of Chhind Kalo: Thinthini Patthar and the Megalithic Complex in Chhattisgarh
Authors:   Associate Professor, Dept of English, Bhatter College, Dantan, India, Mukherjee T. T.
Published: October 2024

This article reports the finding of a menhir adorned with intricate cupmarks at Chhind Kalo, near Ambikapur airport in Chhattisgarh, India. This menhir, known as Thinthini Paththar for its acoustic qualities, provides valuable insights into the historical and cultural context of the area. The study aims to highlight the cultural significance of the menhir and the associated stone complex within the broader technological framework of the Chotanagpur plateau region. It seeks to attract scholarly attention from experts in the field to encourage further research. Additionally, the study urges non-governmental organizations and government authorities to take measures for the preservation of the site.
Interpreting New Media and Assemblage Approaches with Moving Images: The Evolution of Indian Art from the 1990s Onwards
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Art History and Art Appreciation, Faculty of Fine Arts, Jamia Millia Islamia, Khan Hilal Ahmad
Published: October 2024

The paper discusses how Indian artists from the 1990s onwards have used various mediums to create new installations and assemblages, incorporating moving images through screens and projections. It focuses on the works of artists such as Vivan Sundaram, Nalini Malani, Navjot Altaf, and Sheba Chhachhi, and how they have used assemblage techniques to reflect social, political, and cultural dynamics. The paper, moreover, explores the integration of video as a medium of moving images within the broader context of new media art trends during this period and how it relates to the concept of assemblage art and the philosophical dimensions of assemblage theory. The main argument is to establish a dialogue with the intellectual approach of assemblage theory as presented by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, and further developed by other theorists discussed in the paper.
Pattern-based assessment of the influence of catchment characteristics on urban stormwater quality
Authors: Chowdhury Anupam , Egodawatta Prasanna , McGree James
Published: October 2024

Use of traditional catchment characteristics and lack of effective separation of catchment characteristics from rainfall characteristics limits the adequate understanding of the actual influences of catchment characteristics on stormwater quality. In this context, this study adopted a pattern-based separation approach to identifying common events from three rainfall clusters of study catchments, where rainfall characteristics for identified common 8, 9 and 36 events are similar, but catchment characteristics are different. This study identified that the locations of pervious surfaces and urban forms are also important catchment characteristics. The contribution of the pervious area to runoff is significant for long durational (cluster 1) and high-intensity (cluster 3) rainfall events associated with low antecedent dry days and initiated at around 35 mm rainfall depth. A catchment having a large impervious area and pervious area located at far distances from the drainage system can contribute more pollutant load at first 10% runoff volume. High socio-economic developed urban form can contribute a high fraction wash-off corresponding to 10–70% runoff volume due to traffic-related behaviour and various anthropogenic activities. The developed knowledge will overcome the shortcomings of lumped characteristics-based treatment design and improve the efficiency of current stormwater treatment system design practices.
Promoting Pharmacovigilance: A Review on Significance and Imperative for Establishing Regional Reporting Centres for Adverse Drug Reactions (Adrs)
Authors: Tantray Junaid , Patel Akhilesh , Hussain Syed , Nagdev Sanjay , Tatwal Vishal , Raj Ananya , Parveen Hiba , Regar Prashant , Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Sharma Ashish Kumar
Published: October 2024

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The review explores the vital dimensions of pharmacovigilance (PV) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting in the healthcare industry,
highlighting their importance for public health and patient safety. The review follows the development of PV from its historical beginnings in
India, highlighting significant turning points and legislative frameworks that have influenced modern practices. Sibutramine, a well-known
medication, is investigated to highlight the significance of watchful PV systems. Meanwhile, ADR reporting is significant in healthcare because it
directly impacts public health and patient safety. However, there is still a need to address issues like healthcare providers' ignorance and
underreporting. The suggested solution is to establish Regional Reporting Centres (RRCs), with successful models demonstrating the benefits they
provide, including improved data collection and regional assistance. Despite the advantages, setting up RRCs has its share of difficulties, such as
coordination and resource allocation. Effective RRC implementation improves ADR reporting, as shown by case studies and success stories. In
order to improve ADR reporting and PV procedures, the research ends with suggestions for the future that call for more regulatory assistance, more
training for healthcare workers, and public awareness campaigns.
Homenaje a Luis Felipe de las Casas Grieve
Authors: Cuentas Vargas Sergio
Published: October 2024

Con ocasión de la Conmemoración del 40° aniversario de la creación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Económica, Estadística y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, se rindió homenaje a Luis Felipe de las Casas Grieve, quien fuera Maestro Fundador de la especialidad de Ingeniería Económica en la UNI y en el Perú.
Advancing Taiwan’s Semiconductor Industry: Capitalizing on its Comparative Advantage at the Global, Regional, and Firm Levels
Authors: Florencia Huang Fu-Chuan
Published: October 2024

Taiwan's substantial growth in the 21st century is primarily driven by its production of crucial semiconductors, essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological advancements, and military enhancements. This prominence has positioned Taiwan as a vital player in the global semiconductor industry. This paper argues that Taiwan's semiconductor success is not only due to its strategic partnerships, especially with Silicon Valley, but also its comparative advantages in industrial, institutional, and firm-level aspects as part of a catch-up strategy. The study explores Taiwan’s trajectory in semiconductor development, analyzing its competitive edge through the lenses of catch-up theories, global production networks and value chains, industrial clusters, and geopolitical factors. It concludes that Taiwan's competitive edge is shaped by state-driven institutional and industrial advantages and by firms' fast-follower strategies. These advantages are embedded within the global high-tech division of labor and supported by the regional network of the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park, which facilitates pooled human resources, technological transfer, collaborative vertical division of labor, and complementary industries. Recent geopolitical tensions have reinforced the semiconductor alliance, pushing TSMC to expand globally. While this expansion enhances collaboration, it also increases competition and challenges. Nonetheless, Taiwan's semiconductor dominance, based on these advantages, remains difficult to replicate elsewhere.
ANALYZING THE SOFTWARE QUALITY IN IMAGE PROCESSING SOFTWARE IN INDUSTRY USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors:   Jaya Sakthi Engineering, India, B Gopinathan , R Kesavan ,   Jaya Engineering College, India, Murugan J Senthil ,   Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering, India, M A Mukunthan ,   Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering, India
Published: October 2024

The ability of manufacturing organisations to generate defect-free, high-quality products is critical to their long-term success in the marketplace. Despite increased product diversity and complexity, as well as the necessity for cost-effective manufacturing, it is frequently important to conduct a thorough and reliable quality examination. There are bottlenecks in the manufacturing process because there are so many checks done. In this paper, we aim to automate the process of quality control in industries using a machine learning classifier that monitors the manufactured product namely the central processing unit via imaging technique. Development of a model with high quality control improves the productivity and efficacy of production that rejects the malignant and defect pieces from the supply chain. The use of imaging systems or high-speed camera enables the improvement of software quality, where the analysis is built using high clarity input images. The data processed by these imaging systems are transferred to the cyber-physical system for secured access within an organization. The results of classification of input images and process via machine learning improves the efficacy of the model over various machine learning models.