bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing publication rates from medical students’ mandatory research projects in the Netherlands: a follow-up study of 10 cohorts of medical students
Authors: den Bakker Charlotte R , Ommering Belinda WC , van Leeuwen Thed N , Dekker Friedo W , De Beaufort Arnout Jan
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The medical field is facing a clinician-scientist shortage. Medical schools could foster the clinician-scientist workforce by offering students research opportunities. Most medical schools offer elective research programmes. Subsequently, a subset of doctors graduates without any research experience. Mandatory research projects may be more sufficient to develop clinician-scientist, but take more supervision and curricular time. There is limited insight in the scientific outcomes of mandatory research experiences. This study aims to examine publication rates of a mandatory research experience, identify factors associated with publication, and includes postgraduate research engagement.

Design and setting

Prospective follow-up study involving 10 cohorts of medical students’ mandatory research projects from Leiden University Medical Center.

Participants

All medical students who conducted their research project between 2008 and 2018 (n=2329) were included.

Main outcome measure

Publication rates were defined as peer-reviewed scientific publications, including research papers, reviews, and published meeting abstracts. Postgraduate research engagement was defined as research participation and dissemination of research at scientific conferences or in journals.

Results

In total, 644 (27.7%) of all mandatory research experiences resulted in publication, with students mainly as first (n=984, 42.5%) or second author (n=587, 25.3%) and above world average citation impact (mean normalised journal score 1.29, mean normalised citation score 1.23). Students who conducted their research in an academic centre (adjusted OR 2.82; 95% CI 2.10 to 3.77), extended their research (adjusted OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.20), were involved in an excellency track (adjusted OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.44 to 3.01), or conducted clinical (adjusted OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.74) or laboratory (adjusted OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.16 to 4.01) research published their research more often. Later as junior doctors, this group significantly more often disseminate their research results at scientific conferences (adjusted OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.23) or in journals (adjusted OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.14 to 3.43).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that a significant subset of hands-on mandatory research projects with flexible learning pathways result in tangible research output with proper impact and that such successful experiences can be considered as diving board towards a research-oriented career.
Association between proteinuria and incident colorectal cancer: analysis of a nationwide population-based database
Authors: Matsuoka Satoshi , Kaneko Hidehiro , Okada Akira , Fukui Akira , Yano Yuichiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Morita Kojiro , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Satoko , Nakamura Sunao , Nishiyama Akira , Yokoo Takashi , Node Koichi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to assess whether adults with proteinuria were at a higher risk of incident colorectal cancer (CRC) than those without proteinuria using a large-scale population-based database.

Design

A retrospective observational study.

Setting

The JMDC Claims Database, an administrative health claims database, was used. Data were collected between 2005 and 2020.

Participants

We selected records of participants (n=3 543 705) who underwent health check-ups, including physical examinations, blood tests and urine dipstick tests. We excluded participants who were aged <20 years (n=25 577), had a history of CRC, colorectal disease, renal disease and renal replacement therapy (n=114 888), or had missing data on medications (n=170 145), cigarette smoking (n=14 835), alcohol consumption (n=366 414) or physical activity (n=106 550). Finally, we analysed 2 745 296 participants.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was CRC at any stage.

Results

Participants were categorised as having no proteinuria (n=2 435 872), trace proteinuria (n=231 153) or positive proteinuria (n=78 271). Over a mean follow-up period of 1189±914 days, 10 615 CRC diagnoses were recorded. The incidence of CRC (95% CI) was lowest in participants without proteinuria (11.7; 95% CI, 11.5 to 11.9 per 10 000 person-years), followed by trace proteinuria (12.5; 95% CI, 11.7 to 13.3 per 10 000 person-years) and positive proteinuria (16.1; 95% CI, 14.6 to 17.7 per 10 000 person-years). After multivariable adjustment, compared with no proteinuria, HRs for incident CRC were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.29) and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.36) for trace and positive proteinuria, respectively. The association between proteinuria and incident CRC existed in participants after multiple imputations for missing data, with a follow-up period of ≥365 days, regardless of age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusions

Trace and positive proteinuria were associated with a greater risk of incident CRC. Assessment of proteinuria could help identify individuals at an increased risk of CRC.
Sustainable UNiversity Life (SUN) study: protocol for a prospective cohort study of modifiable risk and prognostic factors for mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain among university students
Authors: Edlund Klara , Sundberg Tobias , Johansson Fred , Onell Clara , Rudman Ann , Holm Lena W , Grotle Margreth , Jensen Irene , Côté Pierre , Skillgate Eva
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain are common health problems among young adults including students. Little is known about the aetiology and prognosis of these problems in university students. We aim to determine the role of personal, sociodemographic, academic and environmental factors for risk and prognosis of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress as well as musculoskeletal pain in university students. The constructs that will be studied are based on the biopsychosocial model and psychopathology associated with disabling pain. This model acknowledges illness to consist of interrelated mechanisms categorised into biological, psychological, environmental and social cues.

Methods and analysis

This cohort study aims to recruit around 5000 Swedish full-time students. Data will be collected using five online surveys during one academic year. A subgroup (n=1851) of the cohort, recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic, receive weekly text messages with three short questions assessing mood, worry and pain, sent through the web-based platform SMS-track . Statistical analyses will include Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox regression analyses, multinomial logistic regression analyses and generalised estimating equations. We will assess effect measure modification when relevant and conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of lost to follow-up.

Protocol amendments

Due to opportunity and timing of the study, with relevance to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study further aims to address mental health problems, musculoskeletal pain and lifestyle in university students before and during the pandemic.

Ethics and dissemination

The Sustainable UNiversity Life study was approved by the Swedish ethics authority (2019-03276; 2020-01449). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed research papers, reports, research conferences, student theses and stakeholder communications.

Trial registration number

NCT04465435.
Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Pan Shutao , Qin Tingting , Yin Taoyuan , Yu Xianjun , Li Jing , Liu Jun , Zhao Wenxing , Chen Xuemin , Li Dewei , Liu Jianhua , Li Jingdong , Liu Yahui , Zhu Feng , Wang Min , Zhang Hang , Qin Renyi
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is recommended as the optimal operation for resectable pancreatic head cancer. Minimally invasive surgery, which initially emerged as hybrid-laparoscopy and recently developed into total laparoscopy surgery, has been widely used for various abdominal surgeries. However, controversy persists regarding whether laparoscopic PD (LPD) is inferior to open PD (OPD) for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment. Further studies, especially randomised clinical trials, are warranted to compare these two surgical techniques.

Methods and analysis

The TJDBPS07 study is designed as a prospective, randomised controlled, parallel-group, open-label, multicentre noninferiority study. All participating pancreatic surgical centres comprise specialists who have performed no less than 104 LPDs and OPDs, respectively. A total of 200 strictly selected PD candidates diagnosed with PDAC will be randomised to receive LPD or OPD. The primary outcome is the 5-year overall survival rate, whereas the secondary outcomes include overall survival, disease-free survival, 90-day mortality, complication rate, comprehensive complication index, length of stay and intraoperative indicators. We hypothesise that LPD is not inferior to OPD for the treatment of resectable PDAC. The enrolment schedule is estimated to be 2 years and follow-up for each patient will be 5 years.

Ethics and dissemination

This study received approval from the Tongji Hospital Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and monitor from an independent third-party organisation. Results of this trial will be presented in international meetings and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

NCT03785743.
Using clinical cascades to measure health facilities’ obstetric emergency readiness: testing the cascade model using cross-sectional facility data in East Africa
Authors: Whaley Bridget , Butrick Elizabeth , Sales Jessica M , Wanyoro Anthony , Waiswa Peter , Walker Dilys , Cranmer John N
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Globally, hundreds of women die daily from preventable pregnancy-related causes, with the greatest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Five key emergencies—bleeding, infections, high blood pressure, delivery complications and unsafe abortions—account for nearly 75% of these obstetric deaths. Skilled clinicians with strategic supplies could prevent most deaths. In this study, we (1) measured facility readiness to manage common obstetric emergencies using the clinical cascades and signal function tracers; (2) compared these readiness estimates by facility characteristics; and (3) measured cascading drop-offs in resources.

Design

A facility-based cross-sectional analysis of resources for common obstetric emergencies.

Setting

Data were collected in 2016 from 23 hospitals (10 designated comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) facilities) in Migori County, western Kenya, and Busoga Region, eastern Uganda, in the Preterm Birth Initiative study in East Africa. Baseline data were used to estimate a facility’s readiness to manage common obstetric emergencies using signal function tracers and the clinical cascade model. We compared emergency readiness using the proportion of facilities with tracers (signal functions) and the proportion with resources for identifying and treating the emergency (cascade stages 1 and 2).

Results

The signal functions overestimated practical emergency readiness by 23 percentage points across five emergencies. Only 42% of CEmOC-designated facilities could perform basic emergency obstetric care. Across the three stages of care (identify, treat and monitor-modify) for five emergencies, there was a 28% pooled mean drop-off in readiness. Across emergencies, the largest drop-off occurred in the treatment stage. Patterns of drop-off remained largely consistent across facility characteristics.

Conclusions

Accurate measurement of obstetric emergency readiness is a prerequisite for strengthening facilities’ capacity to manage common emergencies. The cascades offer stepwise, emergency-specific readiness estimates designed to guide targeted maternal survival policies and programmes.

Trial registration number

NCT03112018.
A feasibility study evaluating the uptake, effectiveness and acceptability of routine screening of pregnant migrants for latent tuberculosis infection in antenatal care: a research protocol
Authors: Rahman A , Thangaratinam Shakila , Copas Andrew , Zenner D , White Peter J , Griffiths Chris , Abubakar Ibrahim , McCourt Christine , Kunst Heinke
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death in women of reproductive age and there is high risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in pregnancy. The uptake of routine screening of migrants for LTBI in the UK in primary care is low. Antenatal care is a novel setting which could improve uptake and can lend insight into the feasibility and acceptability of offering opt-out screening for LTBI.

Methods and analysis

This is an observational feasibility study with a nested qualitative component. The setting will be the antenatal clinics in three hospitals in East London, UK . Inclusion criteria are pregnant migrant women aged 16–35 years attending antenatal clinics who are from countries with a TB incidence of greater than 150/100 000 including sub-Saharan Africa, and who have been in the UK for less than 5 years. Participants will be offered LTBI screening with an opt-out interferon gamma release assay blood test, and be invited to complete a questionnaire. Both participants and healthcare providers will be invited to participate in semistructured interviews or focus groups to evaluate understanding, feasibility and acceptability of routine opt-out LTBI screening. The primary analysis will focus on estimating the uptake of the screening programme along with the corresponding 95% CI. Secondary analysis will focus on estimating the test positivity. Qualitative analysis will evaluate the acceptability of offering routine opt-out LTBI screening to participants and healthcare providers.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has received the following approvals: Health Research Authority (IRAS 247388) and National Health Service Ethics Committee (19/LO/0557). The results will be made available locally to antenatal clinics and primary care physicians, nationally to NHS England and Public Health England and internationally through conferences and journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04098341.
Downstream activities after laboratory testing in primary care: an exploratory outcome of the ELMO cluster randomised trial (Electronic Laboratory Medicine Ordering with evidence-based order sets in primary care)
Authors: Piessens Veerle , Delvaux Nicolas , Heytens Stefan , Aertgeerts Bert , De Sutter An
Published: April 2022

Objective

To estimate the rate and type of downstream activities (DAs) after laboratory testing in primary care, with a specific focus on check-up laboratory panels, and to explore the effect of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for laboratory ordering on these DAs.

Design

Cluster randomised clinical trial.

Setting

72 primary care practices in Belgium, with 272 general practitioners (GPs), randomly assigned to the intervention arm or the control arm.

Participants

The study included 10 270 lab panels from 9683 primary care patients (women 55.1%, mean age 56.5). All adult patients who consulted one of the participating GPs during the trial period and needed a laboratory exam were eligible for participation.

Interventions

GPs in the intervention group used a CDSS integrated into their online laboratory ordering system, while GPs in the control arm used their lab ordering system as usual. The trial duration was 6 months, with another 6 months follow-up.

Main outcome measures

This publication reports on the exploratory outcome of DAs after an initial laboratory exam and the effect of the CDSS on these DAs.

Results

19.7% of all laboratory panels resulted in further diagnostic procedures (95% CI 18.9% to 20.5%) and 19% (95% CI 18.2% to 19.7%) in treatment changes. Check-up laboratory exams showed similar rates of DAs, with 17.5% (95% CI 13.8% to 21.2%) diagnostic DAs and 18.9% (95% CI 13.9% to 23.9%) treatment changes. Using the CDSS resulted in a significant reduction in downstream referrals (−2.4%; 95% CI −4.2% to −0.6%; p=0008), imaging and endoscopies (−0.9%; 95% CI −1.6% to −0.1%; p=0026) and treatment changes (−5.4%; 95% CI −9.5% to −1.2%; p=0.01).

Conclusion

This is the largest study so far to examine DAs after laboratory testing. It shows that almost one in three laboratory exams leads to further DAs, even in check-up panels. Using a CDSS for laboratory orders may reduce the rate of some DAs.

Trial registration number

NCT02950142.
Time-limited trials in the ICU: a mixed-methods sequential explanatory study of intensivists at two academic centres
Authors: Viglianti Elizabeth M , Ervin Jennifer N , Newton Chad A , Kruser Jacqueline M , Iwashyna Theodore J , Valley Thomas S
Published: April 2022

Objective

To understand intensivist perceptions of the appropriateness of time-limited trials (TLTs)—a strategy to align life-sustaining care with patient goals and values in the midst of clinical uncertainty.

Design

We conducted a mixed-methods sequential explanatory study of intensive care unit (ICU) intensivists regarding appropriateness of utilising TLTs in three vignettes centred on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV); continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT); and heated high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC). Semistructured interviews were conducted using the Tailored Implementation of Chronic Diseases framework. Data were analysed using thematic and matrix analysis.

Setting

Two academic medical centres in the USA participated in the randomised surveys and one centre participated in the semistructured interviews.

Participants

Pulmonary and critical care intensivists and fellows.

Primary and secondary outcomes

To understand intensivists perceptions of the appropriateness in using TLTs.

Results

Of 115 physicians surveyed, 71 initiated the survey and 44 completed the entire survey with a response rate of 38% (N=44/115) and a completion rate of 62% (N=44/71). While 35% (N=23/66) of intensivists had never heard of a TLT, of the intensivists who had heard of a TLT, 77% (N=33/43) had participated in one. In response to the vignettes, appropriateness of using a TLT varied (IMV: 74% (N=46/62); CRRT 78% (N=49/63); HHFNC 92% (N=56/61) as did the durations of the TLT. Semistructured interviews with 11 intensivists revealed having clarity about patient goals and clinical endpoints facilitated successful TLTs while lack of an evidenced-based framework was a barrier.

Conclusion

More than half of the physicians who responded had conducted or participated in a TLT. To increase the use of TLTs in the ICU, clinicians desire a more robust, evidence-based framework on how to conduct TLTs.
Assessing the impact of predatory journals on policy and guidance documents: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Brandts-Longtin Olivier , Lalu Manoj M , Adie Euan A , Albert Marc A , Almoli Elham , Almoli Faris , Bryson Gregory L , Dony Christophe , Dunleavy Daniel , Grudniewicz Agnes , Lehmann Christian , Lhoest Rémy , Moher David , Montroy Joshua , Pitts Mallory , Ricketts Alicia , Thirion Paul , Cobey Kelly D
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Many predatory journals fail to follow best publication practices. Studies assessing the impact of predatory journals have focused on how these articles are cited in reputable academic journals. However, it is possible that research from predatory journals is cited beyond the academic literature in policy documents and guidelines. Given that research used to inform public policy or government guidelines has the potential for widespread impact, we will examine whether predatory journals have penetrated public policy.

Methods and analysis

This is a descriptive study with no hypothesis testing. Policy documents that cite work from the known predatory publisher OMICS will be downloaded from the Overton database. Overton collects policy documents from over 1200 sources worldwide. Policy documents will be evaluated to determine how the predatory journal article is used. We will also extract epidemiological details of the policy documents, including: who funded their development, the discipline the work is relevant to and the name of the organisations producing the policy. The record of scholarly citations of the identified predatory articles will also be examined. Findings will be reported with descriptive statistics using counts and percentages.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval was required for this study since it does not involve human or animal research. Study findings will be discussed at workshops on journalology and predatory publishing and will be disseminated through preprint, peer-reviewed literature and conference presentations.
Estimating the gap between demand and supply of medical appointments by physicians for hypertension care: a pooled analysis in 191 countries
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M , Guzman-Vilca Wilmer Cristobal , Neupane Dinesh
Published: April 2022

Introduction

With a growing number of people with hypertension, the limited number of physicians could not provide treatment to all patients. We quantified the gap between medical appointments available and needed for hypertension care, overall and in relation to hypertension treatment cascade metrics.

Methods

Ecological descriptive analysis. We combined country-year-specific data on hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control (from Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration) and number of physicians (from WHO). We estimated from 1 to 12 medical appointments per year for patients with hypertension. We assumed that physicians could see 25 patients per day, work 200 days/year and dedicate 10% of their time to hypertension care.

Results

We studied 191 countries. Forty-one countries would not have enough physicians to provide at least one medical appointment per year to all the population with hypertension; these countries were low/lower middle income and in sub-Saharan Africa or East Asia and Pacific. Regardless of the world region, ≥50% of countries would not have enough physicians to provide ≥8 medical appointments to their population with hypertension. Countries where the demand exceeded the offer of medical appointments for hypertension care had worse hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control rates than countries where the demand did not exceed the offer. There were positive correlations between the physician density and hypertension diagnosis (r=0.70, p<0.001), treatment (r=0.70, p<0.001) and control (r=0.59, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Where physicians are the only healthcare professionals allowed to prescribe antihypertensive medications, particularly in low and middle-income countries, the healthcare system may struggle to deliver antihypertensive treatment to patients with hypertension.
Economic change and population health: lessons learnt from an umbrella review on the Great Recession
Authors: Backhaus Insa , Hoven Hanno , Di Tecco Cristina , Iavicoli Sergio , Conte Arne , Dragano Nico
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered the sharpest economic downturn since the Great Recession. To prepare for future crises and to preserve public health, we conduct an overview of systematic reviews to examine the evidence on the effect of the Great Recession on population health.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Scopus for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses focusing specifically on the impact of the Great Recession on population health (eg, mental health). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed throughout this review and critical appraisal of included systematic reviews was performed using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews.

Results

Twenty-one studies were identified and consistently showed that the Great Recession was most risky to health, the more a country’s economy was affected and the longer strict austerity policies were in place. Consequently, a deterioration of health was highest in countries that had implemented strict austerity measures (eg, Greece), but not in countries that rejected austerity measures (eg, Germany). Moreover, the impact of the Great Recession fell disproportionately on the most vulnerable groups such as people in unemployment, at risk of unemployment and those living in poverty.

Conclusions

The experiences of the last economic crisis show that it is possible to limit the consequences for health. Prioritising mental healthcare and prevention, foregoing austerity measures in the healthcare system and protecting vulnerable groups are the most important lessons learnt. Moreover, given the further aggravating social inequalities, a health in all policies approach, based on a comprehensive Health Impact Assessment, is advised.
Climate emergency, young people and mental health: time for justice and health professional action
Authors: Singh Guddi , Xue Siqi , Poukhovski-Sheremetyev Feodor
Published: April 2022

Climate change is driving a public mental health crisis that disproportionately, and unjustly, affects the world’s young people. Despite the growing evidence for harm to the next generation, the medical community has largely been hesitant to take the next step and act on the evidence. We propose that the medical community has a responsibility to do more.

Drawing from our interdisciplinary experience in paediatrics and psychiatry, we call for our profession to take the ‘leap’ beyond the walls of our clinics and laboratories, and take a courageous stance on the topic of climate change. We argue that the medical profession must adopt a broader conception of health and its determinants—or a ‘social lens’—if it is to move beyond rhetoric to action.

Viewing climate change as a clear determinant of mental health opens up potential avenues of action, both as individual clinicians and as a profession as a whole. We offer the beginnings of a framework for action in the context of climate change and youth mental health, before calling for our profession to re-examine its role - and its very purpose - to better address the climate crisis.
2D and 3D numerical modelling of exposed steel base plate connections under cyclic loading
Authors: Singh Gursarbjot , Woods Joshua
Published: April 2022

The degree of fixity at the base of steel gravity columns with exposed base plate connections is often assumed in analysis and design. However, past experiments have shown these connections do provide lateral stiffness and strength that could contribute to the load carrying capacity of a structure. The goal of this study is to develop a numerical modelling approach for exposed steel base plate connections that can capture their nonlinear cyclic behaviour, including their stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation capacity. Two modelling approaches are proposed, one that is suitable for detailed study of connection behaviour and another comparatively simple approach that can be used in nonlinear time–history analysis of a structure. Results from the two methodologies are compared with experimental data from the literature and the results show that both approaches can capture the nonlinear cyclic response of the studied connections. Limitations of the proposed modelling approach are also discussed.
Reconciling individual-based forest growth models with landscape-level studies through a meta-modelling approach
Authors: Fortin Mathieu , Lavoie Jean-François
Published: April 2022

Landscape-level studies such as those on forest management planning and carbon accounting rely on large-area growth projections provided by forest growth models. Nowadays, most of these models are individual tree-based models. The detailed input they require and their complexity are a challenge for the integration into a landscape-level study. A possible alternative consists of approximating the complex model through a meta-model. A meta-model mimics the behaviour of the original model, while being simpler in terms of input and computation. In this study, we developed a Bayesian meta-modelling approach that can be used to obtain a simplified growth model from an individual tree-based model. The approach was exemplified through a real-world case study, namely a forest management unit in the province of Quebec, Canada. Using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we managed to fit meta-models based on the Chapman–Richards equation or its derivative for the main potential vegetation types. This meta-modelling approach has the advantages of ( i) being an effective method of upscaling, ( ii) providing simple meta-models suitable for landscape-level studies, and ( iii) ensuring a proper error propagation from the original individual tree-based model into the meta-model.
Rational non-linear electrodynamics of AdS black holes and extended phase space thermodynamics
Authors: Kruglov S. I.
Published: April 2022

The critical behaviour of magnetically charged AdS black holes based on rational non-linear electrodynamics (RNED) in an extended phase space is investigated herein. The cosmological constant is considered as thermodynamic pressure, and the black hole mass is identified with the chemical enthalpy. An analogy with the van der Walls liquid–gas system is found, and the critical exponents coincide with those of the van der Waals system. The thermodynamics of RNED-AdS black holes and phase transitions are studied, and new thermodynamic quantities conjugated to the non-linear parameter of RNED and magnetic charge are defined. The consistency of the first law of black hole thermodynamics and the Smarr formula is demonstrated.
The $$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$ decay in an EW-scale non-sterile RH neutrino model
Authors: Dinh D. N.
Published: April 2022

We investigate herein the phenomenology of $$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

decay in a scenario of the class of extended models with non-sterile right-handed (RH) neutrinos at electroweak (EW) scale proposed by P. Q. Hung. The field content of the standard model (SM) is increased by introducing for each SM fermion a corresponding mirror partner with the same quantum numbers along with opposite chirality. Light neutrino masses are generated via the type I seesaw mechanism, and it is also proved to be relevant to low energy within the EW scale of RH neutrino masses. We introduce the model and derive the branching ratio of the $$\mu \rightarrow e\gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

decay at one-loop approximation with the participation of W gauge boson and neutral and singly charged Higgs scalars. We then set constraints on relevant parameters and predict the sensitivity of the decay channel under the present and future experiments.
Motion of spinning particles around electrically charged black hole in Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld gravity
Authors: Yang Ke , Gu Bao-Min , Zhang Yu-Peng
Published: April 2022

A test particle possessing spin angular momentum moves along a non-geodesic path due to an additional spin-curvature force. We study the spinning test particle moving in the vicinity of the electrically charged black hole formation in Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld (EiBI) gravity. Through the numerical analysis of its effective potential and orbits, it is found that the orbital eccentricity reduces as the deviation parameter $$\kappa $$
κ
increases. By comparing the orbits for the observed stars around Sagittarius A*, we conclude that the observed orbits with too large radii can not give a stringent constraint with acceptable magnitude. To dig out the potential observation effects of the relations between the orbits and parameter $$\kappa $$
κ
, we mainly focus on the orbits in the vicinity of black hole in this paper. The parameters of inner most stable circular orbit (ISCO) decrease monotonously with $$\kappa $$
κ
when the spin angular momentum is small, however they change non-monotonously with $$\kappa $$
κ
when the spin is large enough. Moreover, the spin dependences of ISCO parameters have similar behavior to that of Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole. We analyze the causality of the circular orbits by using the superluminal constraint condition as well. As a result, two new parameter regions may emerge in case of large $$\kappa $$
κ
, where the particle has two stable circular orbits with one subluminal and the other superluminal.
Neutrino spin operator and dispersion in moving matter
Authors: Grigoriev Alexander , Studenikin Alexander , Ternov Alexei
Published: April 2022

We found the spin integral of motion for neutrinos propagating in moving and polarized matter. Contrary to all previous studies this is the exact spin operator commuting with the Hamiltonian for a neutrino in matter which moves in an arbitrary direction relative to the direction of neutrino propagation. The operator obtained opens up the possibility of consistent classification of neutrino states in such a medium and, as a consequence, a systematic description of the related physical phenomena. Using the operator, we obtain a dispersion relation for neutrinos in arbitrary moving matter and consider its particular cases.
Employer Satisfaction in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Hoh Juliet Chui Suan , Wu Shaorong , Shi Qiuheng
Published: April 2022

Brunei Darussalam’s Long-Term Development Plan 2035 outlines the Ministry’s goals for the national education system to prepare Bruneian youths for employment and to embrace Malay Islamic Monarchy (MIB) as a concept that guides one’s way of life. Keeping that in perspective, a research was initiated to find out employer satisfaction on employees in Brunei. Employer data and contact details were collected through various database, yellow pages and social media. Broadly, this study supports the established Input- Environment-Output (IEO) model in evaluating employer satisfaction in Brunei Darussalam. The study analyzed data from 454 employer self-reports from private and public sectors with a diverse employer profile and 24 employers were interviewed. Employers were asked to rate their satisfaction with the 24 competencies the graduates employed in their respective companies possess. The highest level of employer expectation in job competencies were communication abilities, problem solving skill, commitment, self-confidence, managerial skills, time management, creativity and innovative, knowledge of specific computer applications, punctually and specific technical knowledge. The analysis of this study shows that employers are mostly satisfied. A set of recommendations were also formulated based on the results of the study.
Wormhole solutions in Rastall teleparallel gravity
Authors: Zhang Zong-Biao
Published: April 2022

This paper is devoted to explore some interesting wormhole solutions for the Rastall teleparallel gravity. To complete this analysis, we consider the traceless energy–momentum tensor taken with the Casimir effect concept. Further, we develop two different relations between the pressure components. The anisotropic source of matter with the spherically symmetric space-time is taken to calculate the exact solution, as the shape function. The field equations for Rastall teleparallel gravity are calculated. All the energy conditions are presented for Rastall teleparallel gravity. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed via the violation of energy conditions. All the necessary properties for shape function in all cases are presented graphically. All the inquired results are concluded.
Analysis of Patent Management on Health Care Product: Information of Electrocardiograph Devices
Authors: Hendrix Tommy , Ajie Firman Tri , Hidayat Anang
Published: April 2022

Development of health care product nowadays becomes primer uses to support levelness of heart disease. A dynamic system of usefulness has referred to a potential market that occurs as a complementary effort in the health sector. Differentiation of product devices especially for electronic cardiograph has many impacts on technology innovation, in term of market-oriented. Analysis patent management is used as a tool to see technology that has already performed and is also used by industries, based on capturing market needs, to deliver more competitiveness model of the product. This paper aims to find relevant information through a database of an international patent on health care products for market orientation through the portfolio, licensing, status, competitor, innovation, and monitoring emerging market with the patent database that registered on World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The methodology that applies in paper using software Total Patent to see more information related on the utilization of electronic cardiograph devices such as potential useful through leading patent-issuing authorities with composition results 247 documents of 113,612,014 patents that registered. The results showed that most of the inventions and patent applicants and beneficiaries are from the United States, Europe, and Asia-Pacific and the captive market distributed in Asian and South American area.
Attitudes toward advertising in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Salam Muhammad Talha , Muhamad Nazlida , Leong Vai Shiem
Published: April 2022

Attitudes toward advertising is an established construct in marketing. The construct has been researched mostly using the attitude theory and has been of interest to both marketing academicians and practitioners. Attitudes toward advertising have been researched with different frameworks, in different markets and for advertising in different media. However, there is limited research on consumers’ attitudes toward advertising in Asian markets. In particular, there is no study so far on attitudes toward advertising in Brunei Darussalam, an affluent but less populous South East Asian market. This paper investigates attitudes toward advertising, antecedents to attitudes toward advertising and consequent behaviors in Brunei. The framework proposed by Pollay and Mittal (1993), later further by Wolin et al. (2002) is used in this paper. Responses from the consumer surveys were analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). It was found that most of the belief factors in Pollay and Mittal framework influenced attitudes toward advertising among Bruneian consumers. Overall positive attitudes toward advertising were observed, which in turn influenced advertising-related behaviors. The significance of these traits is explained based on the distinctive socio-economic environment as well as the advertising landscape of Brunei Darussalam. Understanding consumers’ attitudes toward advertising and ensuing behaviors for previously unexplored markets shall be an important initiation in improving the quality as well as productivity of advertising.
Organizational Moral Development: Insights from Organizational Learning & Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Haji Tarip Mohammad Iznan
Published: April 2022

This conceptual paper contributes to the study of moral and immoral organizational development by combining two different perspectives: organizational learning (OL) and the worldview of Islam. The OL perspective, particularly Crossan, Lane and White’s (1999) 4I OL framework, outlines four sub-learning processes involved in strategic renewal spanning the individual, group and organizational levels. Then, the framework is recast in the light of the worldview of Islam, particularly on the natural connection between learning and moral development. From an Islamic perspective, knowledge is soteriological and plays a crucial role in the ‘purification of the heart’, i.e. individual moral development. However, corruption of knowledge can also occur, which then leads to corruption of the ‘heart’, i.e. individual immoral development. This then has profound implications for the 4I OL framework. As a result, a reconceptualized framework is conceived called ‘OL by hearts’, which outlines the strategic moral & immoral development of individuals, groups and the organization.
Smart City Construction and Management by Digital Twins and BIM Big Data in COVID-19 Scenario
Authors: Lv Zhihan , Chen Dongliang , Lv Haibin
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of information technology and the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the government and urban managers are looking for ways to use technology to make the city smarter and safer. Intelligent transportation can play a very important role in the joint prevention. This work expects to explore thebuilding information modeling (BIM) big data (BD)processing method ofdigital twins (DTs)of Smart City, thus speeding up the construction of Smart City and improve the accuracy of data processing. During construction, DTs build the same digital copy of the smart city. On this basis, BIM designs the building's keel and structure, optimizing various resources and configurations of the building. Regarding the fast data growth in smart cities, a complex data fusion and efficient learning algorithm, namely Multi-Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), is proposed to process the multi-dimensional and complex BD based on the compositive rough set model. The Bayesian network solves the multi-label classification. Each label is regarded as a Bayesian network node. Then, the structural learning approach is adopted to learn the label Bayesian network's structure from data. On the P53-old and the P53-new datasets, the running time of Multi-GPU decreases as the number of GPUs increases, approaching the ideal linear speedup ratio. With the continuous increase of K value, the deterministic information input into the tag BN will be reduced, thus reducing the classification accuracy. When K = 3, MLBN can provide the best data analysis performance. On genbase dataset, the accuracy of MLBN is 0.982 ± 0.013. Through experiments, the BIM BD processing algorithm based onBayesian Network Structural Learning (BNSL)helps decision-makers use complex data in smart cities efficiently.
Resource Orchestration of Cloud-Edge–based Smart Grid Fault Detection
Authors: Li Jie , Deng Yuxing , Sun Wei , Li Weitao , Li Ruidong , Li Qiyue , Liu Zhi
Published: April 2022

Real-time smart grid monitoring is critical to enhancing resiliency and operational efficiency of power equipment. Cloud-based and edge-based fault detection systems integrating deep learning have been proposed recently to monitor the grid in real time. However, state-of-the-art cloud-based detection may require uploading a large amount of data and suffer from long network delay, while edge-based schemes do not adequately consider the detection requirement and thus cannot provide flexible and optimal performance. To solve these problems, we study a cloud-edge based hybrid smart grid fault detection system. Embedded devices are placed at the edge of the monitored equipment with several lightweight neural networks for fault detection. Considering limited communication resources, relatively low computation capabilities of edge devices, and different monitoring accuracies supported by these neural networks, we design an optimal communication and computational resource allocation method for this cloud-edge based smart grid fault detection system. Our method can maximize the processing throughput of the system and improve resource utilization while satisfying the data transmission and processing latency requirements. Extensive simulations are conducted and the results show the superiority of the proposed scheme over comparison schemes. We have also prototyped this system and verified its feasibility and performance in real-world scenarios.
The Impact of Health Information and Communication Technology on Clinical Quality, Productivity, and Workers
Authors: Bronsoler Ari , Doyle Joseph , Van Reenen John
Published: April 2022

The adoption of health information and communication technology (HICT) has surged over the past two decades. We survey the medical and economic literature on HICT adoption and its impact on clinical outcomes, productivity, and the health care workforce. We find that HICT improves clinical outcomes and lowers health care costs; however, ( a) the effects are modest so far, ( b) it takes time for these effects to materialize, and ( c) there is much variation in the impact. More evidence on the causal effects of HICT on productivity is needed to improve our analytical understanding and to guide further adoption. There is little econometric work directly investigating the impact of HICT on labor market outcomes, but the existing literature suggests that there are no substantial negative effects on employment and earnings. Overall, although health care is in many ways exceptional, we are struck by the similarities of our conclusions to the wider findingson the relationship between productivity and information and communication technologies, which stress the importance of complementary factors (e.g., management practices and skills) in determining the impact of these new technologies.
Media and Social Capital
Authors: Campante Filipe , Durante Ruben , Tesei Andrea
Published: April 2022

We survey the empirical literature in economics on the impact of media technologies on social capital. Guided by a simple model of information and collective action, we cover a range of different outcomes related to social capital—from social and political participation to interpersonal trust—in its benign and destructive manifestations. The impact of media technologies hinges on their content (information versus entertainment), their effectiveness in fostering coordination, and the networks they create as well as on individual characteristics and media consumption choices.
Recent Treatment Advances in Amblyopia
Authors: Meier Kimberly , Tarczy-Hornoch Kristina
Published: April 2022

Occlusion therapy has a long history as the gold standard treatment for amblyopia. Over the past two decades, large multicenter randomized controlled trials and objective dose-monitoring studies have characterized the effects of refractive correction, patching, and atropine penalization, providing insights into the impact of factors such as age and treatment dose. More recent approaches, whose development has been accelerated by advances in technology, are designed to provide different stimulation to the amblyopic eye and the fellow eye. This review explores a variety of such dichoptic approaches, categorized according to whether they primarily feature requisite use of the amblyopic eye in the face of fellow-eye masking, integration of visual information from both eyes, or reduction of stimulus salience in the fellow eye. It is still unclear whether dichoptic treatments are superior to traditional, low-cost treatment methods or whether their therapeutic mechanisms are fundamentally different from those of established treatments.
Dual endothelin receptor antagonism increases resting energy expenditure in people with increased adiposity
Authors: Derella Cassandra C. , Blanks Anson M. , Nguyen Andy , Looney Jacob , Tucker Matthew A. , Jeong Jinhee , Rodriguez-Miguelez Paula , Thomas Jeffrey , Lyon Matthew , Pollock David M. , Harris Ryan A.
Published: April 2022

Findings from our current translational investigation demonstrate that dual endothelin A/B receptor antagonism increases total REE in overweight/obese individuals. These results suggest that modulation of the endothelin system may represent a novel therapeutic target to increase both resting metabolism and caloric expenditure, enhance weight loss, and reduce CVD risk in seemingly healthy individuals with elevated adiposity.