bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast current and field driven domain-wall dynamics in van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS3
Authors: Alliati Ignacio , Evans Richard , Novoselov Kostya , Santos Elton
Published: October 2020

The discovery of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials1–4 has flourished a new endeavour of fundamental problems in magnetism as well as potential applications in computing, sensing and storage technologies5–10. Of particular interest are antiferromagnets 11, 12, which due to their intrinsic antiferromagnetic exchange coupling show several advantages in relation to ferromagnets such as robustness against external magnetic perturbations. This property is one of the cornerstones of antiferromagnets13 and implies that in formation stored in antiferromagnetic domains is invisible to applied magnetic fields preventing it from being erased or manipulated. Here we show that, despite this fundamental understanding, the magnetic domains of recently discovered 2D vdW MnPS3 antiferromagnet14, 15 can be controlled via external magnetic fields and electric currents. We realize ultrafast domain-wall dynamics with velocities up to ∼1500 m s−1 and ∼3000 m s−1 respectively to a broad range of field magnitudes (0.0001−22 T) and current densities (108 − 1010 A cm−2). Both domain wall dynamics are determined by the edge terminations which generated uncompensated spins following the underlying symmetry of the honeycomb structure. We find that edge atoms belonging to different magnetic sublattices function as geometrical constrictions preventing the displacement of the wall, whereas having atoms of the same sublattice at both edges of the material allows for the field-driven domain wall motion which is only limited by the spin-flop transition of the antiferromagnet beyond 25 T. Conversely, electric currents can induce motion of domain walls in most of the edges except those where the two sublattices are present at the borders (e.g. armchair edges). Furthermore, the orientation of the layer relative to the current flow provides an additional degree of freedom for controlling and manipulating magnetic domains in MnPS3. Our results indicate that the implementation of 2D vdW antiferromagnets in real applications requires the engineering of the layer edges which enables an unprecedented functional feature in ultrathin device platforms.
Establishment of a transient transfection system for Babesia sp. Xinjiang with the use of homologous promoters
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Wang Jinming , Liu Junlong , Yang Jifei , Zhaoyong LV , Liu Aihong , Li Youquan , Li Yubin , Lan Haiou , Liu Guangyuan , Luo Jianxun , Guan Guiquan , Yin Hong
Published: October 2020

BackgroundBabesia species, the agentic pathogens of human and animal babesiosis, are spread worldwide. Over the last decade, genetic manipulation approaches have been applied with many protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Cryptosporidium parvum, Theileria annulata, Theileria parva, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia ovata, Babesia gibsoni, and Babesia ovis. For Babesia sp. Xinjiang (Bxj), which is the causative pathogen of ovine babesiosis mainly in China, the efficiency of these techniques remain unclear. MethodsFirst, a plasmid bearing the elongation factor-1 alpha promoter, as well as the firefly luciferase reporter gene and rap stop region were transfected into Bxj by electroporation and nucleoporation to determine the most suitable transfection solution. Then, six program setting were evaluated to confirm the best for Bxj transient transfection and a series of different amounts of plasmid DNA were applied to generate relatively high luminescence values. Finally, the activities of four promoters derived from Bxj were evaluated using the developed transient transfection system. ConclusionsIn this study, a transient transfection system for Bxj was optimized. These findings provided critical information for Bxj genetic manipulation, as an essential tool to identify virulence factors and to further elucidate the basic biology of pathogens.
Health Research Priority Setting in Uganda: A Qualitative Study Describing and Evaluating the Processes
Authors: Kapiriri Lydia , Ekochu Elizabeth Asege , Nabudere Harriet
Published: October 2020

Background: Over the years, several approaches to health research priority setting (HRPS) have been devised and applied in low-incomes countries for national level research prioritization. However, there is often a disconnect between the evidence that health policymakers require for decision-making and the research that receives funding. There is a need for countries to evaluate their prioritization processes to support strategies to translate priority setting into policy practice. While health research priority setting is continuously carried out in Uganda, these processes are rarely reported on the scholarly literature and have not been evaluated. This study aimed to describe and evaluate HRPS in Uganda. Methods: This was a qualitative case study consisting of document review and key informant interviews with stakeholders who had either directly participated in or had specialized knowledge of HRPS in Uganda.Results: While Uganda has established and legitimized a National health research organization to set health research priorities, coordinate and provide oversight for health research in the country, several institutions independently conduct their own health research priority setting. The evaluation revealed that while the priority setting processes are often based on systematic approaches and tools and tended to be evidence based, most of the prioritization processes lacked stakeholder involvement and implementation. Moreover, the priorities were not publicized and none had mechanisms for appeals or revisions. In only one case were the priorities implemented.Conclusions: The availability of strong political commitment and a national priority setting institution is an opportunity for strengthening health research priority setting. There should be increased support for the institution to enable it to carry out its duties. The institution should not only invest in participatory, systematic health research priority setting and implementation but evaluation as well in order for them to identify areas for improvement.
Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Users
Authors: Cao Penghui , Zhang Zhaohua , Zhong Jun , Xu Shichao , Huang Qiaofang , Fan Ni
Published: October 2020

Background: Anxiety, a major factor that affects the therapeutic effect and dropout rate of methadone maintenance treatment, has a high prevalence among MMT users. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anxiety in MMT users and explore the main influencing factors of anxiety of methadone maintenance treatment users.Methods: 177 methadone maintenance treatment users in Guangzhou, China were evaluated. The socio-demographic, duration and MMT-related characteristics were documented. Anxiety, quality of life and sleep quality were evaluated by Beck Anxiety inventory (BAI), the Quality of Life-Drug Addiction (QOL-DA) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) respectively. The correlation between different factors and BAI score was also analyzed.Results: The BAI total score, QOL-DA score, PSQI score were 7.1±8.2, 163.5±21.4, 6.0±4.0 respectively. 30.5% of the subjects showed mild to severe anxiety. Treatment interruption, QOL-DA score and PSQI score had strong correlations with the score of BAI, with correlation coefficients of 0.17, -0.08 and 0.50 respectively.Conclusions: Anxiety symptoms were commonly presented in MMT users. Treatment interruption, quality of life and sleep quality are the major factors affecting anxiety of MMT users.
Visceral Leishmaniasis Outbreaks in Bihar: Community-level Investigations in the Context of Elimination of Kala-azar as a Public Health Problem
Authors: Priyamvada Khushbu , Bindroo Joy , Sharma Madan Prashad , Chapman Lloyd , Dubey Pushkar , Mahapatra Tanmay , Hightower Allen , Bern Caryn , Srikant Sridhar
Published: October 2020

Background: With visceral leishmaniasis (VL) incidence at its lowest level since the 1960s, increasing attention has turned to early detection and investigation of outbreaks. Methods: Outbreak investigations were triggered by recognition of case clusters in the VL surveillance system established for the elimination program. Investigations included ascertainment of all VL cases by date of fever onset, household mapping and structured collection of risk factor data. Results: VL outbreaks were investigated in 13 villages in 10 blocks of 7 districts. Data were collected for 20,670 individuals, of whom 272 were diagnosed with VL between 2012 and 2019. Risk was significantly higher among 10-19 year-olds and adults 35 or older compared to children younger than 10 years. Outbreak confirmation triggered vector control activities and heightened surveillance. VL cases strongly clustered in tolas (hamlets within villages) in which >66% of residents self-identified as scheduled caste or scheduled tribe (SC/ST); 79.8% of VL cases occurred in SC/ST tolas whereas only 24.2% of the population resided in them. Other significant risk factors included being an unskilled non-agricultural laborer, migration for work in a brick kiln, living in a kuccha (mud brick) house, household crowding, habitually sleeping outside or on the ground, and open defecation. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of sensitive surveillance with triggers for case cluster detection and rapid, careful outbreak investigations to better respond to ongoing and new transmission. The strong association with SC/ST tolas suggests that efforts should focus on enhanced surveillance in these disadvantaged communities.
Retrospective Evaluation of Vector-borne Infections in Cats Living in Germany (2012-2020)
Authors: Schäfer Ingo , Kohn Barbara , Volkmann Maria , Müller Elisabeth
Published: October 2020

Background: Blood-feeding arthropods can transmit parasitic, bacterial, or viral pathogens to domestic animals and wildlife. Vector-borne infections are gaining significance due to the increase of travel, import of domestic animals from abroad, and due to the changing climate in Europe. The main objective of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of some vector-borne infections in cats in which a ‘Feline Travel Profile’ had been conducted. Methods: This retrospective study included test results from cats for which a ‘Feline Travel Profile’ established by the laboratory LABOKLIN had been requested by veterinarians in Germany between April 2012 and March 2020. This above-mentioned diagnostic panel contains direct detection methods via PCR for Hepatozoon spp. and Dirofilaria spp. as well as indirect detection methods via IFAT for Ehrlichia spp. and Leishmania spp. The profile was expanded to include an IFAT for Rickettsia spp. from July 2015 onwards. The prevalence of the different vector-borne infectious agents was calculated. Results: A total of 624 cats were tested using the ‘Feline Travel Profile’. Serological samples for indirect detection methods were available for all 624 cats, EDTA-samples for direct detection methods for 618 cats. Positive test results were as follows: Ehrlichia spp. IFAT 73 out of 624 (12%), Leishmania spp. IFAT 22 out of 624 (4%), Hepatozoon spp. PCR 53 out of 618 (9%), Dirofilaria spp. PCR 1 out of 618 cats (0.2%) and, tested from July 2015 onwards, Rickettsia spp. IFAT 52 out of 467 cats (11%). At least one infection was present in 175 out of 624 cats. Three coinfections were detected before 2015; after including the Rickettsia spp. test results there were 19 cats with confections (in 14 out of these 19 cats Rickettsia spp. were involved).Conclusions: 175 out of 624 cats (28%) were tested positive for at least one vector-borne pathogen. Infections with multiple pathogens could be detected in 4% of the cats from 2012 to 2020. The data emphasizes the importance of considering the above-mentioned vector-borne infections as potential differential diagnoses in cats.
Erdheim-Chester Disease in a 48-Year Old Woman with “An Unknown Tumour of the Heart:” An Autopsy Report.
Authors: Lynggård Louise Andersen , Nørgaard Martin Agge , Fog Lars , Baandrup Ulrik
Published: October 2020

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. ECD is considered a potentially severe multi-systemic disease with life-threatening manifestations due to the compression of normal structures. Recently, mutation of the proto-oncogene BRAF (BRAFV600E) has been found in 100% of cases. The common sites of involvement are the skeleton, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, lungs, retroperitoneum and skin. We present the autopsy case of a 48-year old caucasian woman with an unknown tumour of the heart, where autopsy revealed the diagnosis of ECD. The clinical, radiological, and pathological manifestations associated with ECD are highlighted.
Case Report: A Case of Hematuria Exfoliative Cytological Examination Easily Misdiagnosed as Malignant Tumor
Authors: Chen Xian , Chen Yuzhu , Li Juan , Wang Yi , Huang Yefang
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe incidence of urogenital fistula, whose typical manifestations are cyclic hematuria, absence of urinary incontinence and no vaginal bleeding, is on the rise due to gynecological surgery. Those patients who often present to the urologist for hematuriae are prone to be misdiagnosed as urogenital disorders. Case presentationThis article reports a case of vesicouterine fistula patient whose three regular urine exfoliative cytology examinations all found a large number of nest-like cell clusters. After a comprehensive understanding of the patient’s medical history and auxiliary examination, exfoliated cells were identified as the endometrial glands and mesenchymal cells and the probability of malignant tumors was excluded finally.ConclusionsFor pathological diagnosis, a thorough acquirement of the patient’s medical history and relevant auxiliary examinations are extremely significant for the accuracy of pathological diagnosis.
The Role of Microglia Membrane Potential in Chemotaxis
Authors: Laprell Laura , Schulze Christian , Brehme Marie-Luise , Oertner Thomas G.
Published: October 2020

Microglia react to danger signals by rapid and targeted extension of cellular processes towards the source of the signal. This positive chemotactic response is accompanied by a hyperpolarization of the microglia membrane. Here we show that optogenetic depolarization of microglia has little effect on baseline motility, but significantly slows down the chemotactic response. Reducing the extracellular Ca2+ concentration mimics the effect of optogenetic depolarization. As the membrane potential sets the driving force for Ca2+ entry, hyperpolarization is an integral part of rapid stimulus-response coupling in microglia. Compared to typical excitable cells such as neurons, the sign of the activating response is inverted in microglia, leading to inhibition by depolarizing channelrhodopsins.
ITRAQ-based Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals the Potential Anticancer Effects of ATP4B in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Yangjie , Pan Yuanming , Wang Jianxun , Zuo Tao , Zhang Lishu , Feng Xiutang , Kang Qian , Lu Xiaojuan , Sheng Jianqiu , He Yuqi , Wang Jiheng
Published: October 2020

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major malignancies of gastrointestinal tract. Hydrogen-potassium ATPase beta (ATP4B) gene is aberrantly downexpressed in gastric cancer that is associated with worse disease outcome. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological significance of ATP4B in GC carcinogenesis and development. Methods: The expression level of ATP4B was analyzed via clinical tissues and TCGA database. Then, we overexpressed ATP4B in SGC7901 and utilized isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) technique validate the ATP4B-regulated proteomics profile alterations. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate the biological processes of ATP4B in GC. Western blot was used for the verification of significant downstream proteins of ATP4B based on bioinformatics analysis data.Results: We identified 293 differentially expressed proteins between the ATP4B overexpressing and control groups in SGC7901, including 145 upregulated proteins and 148 downregulated proteins. GO enrichment analysis indicated that ATP4B-modulating downstream proteins were primarily related to mitochondria function and metabolism. ATP4B-induced enrichments of biological functions were partly associated with suppressing tumor advancement, illustrating an inhibitory role for ATP4B in the progression of GC. Co-expression interaction network analysis exhibited the significant alterations in p53 and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Consistently, KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEPs are enriched in cell metabolism and cancer-related signaling pathway. Western blot validated the activation of p53 pathway and the inhibition of NF-κB /CD44 pathway after ATP4B overexpressing in GC cells.Conclusion: ATP4B plays a critical anticancer effect by regulating p53/NF-κΒ/mitochondrial pathway. Our data suggested a novel role and mechanism for ATP4B in GC progression.
An Uncommon Etiology for Pleural Effusion with Rib Lesion in a 78-year-old Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Qin De-an , Ren Xiao-qiang , Jiang Jie , Wang Yun-peng
Published: October 2020

Background: Pleural effusion with rib lesion is generally considered as metastasis of thoracic carcinoma or rib tuberculosis and tuberculous pleuritis. Myelomatous pleural effusion with rib lesion is rare and poses a great diagnostic challenge. We described an easily-misdiagnosed extrapulmonary disease with concomitant pulmonary and rib manifestations, bilateral pleural effusion with lytic rib lesion in multiple myeloma, in order to raise awareness of this disease and avoid misdiagnose. Case presentation: A 78-year-old woman was referred to the thoracic department with chest distress, breathlessness, poor appetite and weight loss for 3 months. Chest computed tomography demonstrated bilateral pleural effusion and lytic lesion on the left 5th rib. Whole-body bone scan showed the intense uptake lesions on the sixth, seventh vertebrae and a central defect with the peripheral uptake of the "donut"-like change sign on the left 5th rib. Percutaneous CT-guided core biopsy for the rib lesion was performed and the diagnosis was multiple myeloma. Combined chemotherapy and supportive treatment were prescribed. She did not respond to the therapy and died 3 months later due to pleural cavity infection and cardiopulmonary failure.Conclusion: Some uncommon extrapulmonary diseases with concomitant pulmonary and rib manifestations should be reminded in order to avoid misdiagnose. Extramedullary multiple myeloma can affect any tissue and is an aggressive entity with poor prognosis. Percutaneous CT-guided core biopsy for the rib lesion is of higher positive rate than pleural fluid cytology and more minimally invasive than pleural biopsy via thoracoscope or rib excision biopsy.
Rituximab for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Verma Neha , Jaffer Muhammad , Sharda Esha , Pina Yolanda , Ramsakal Asha , Vogelbaum Michael , Forsyth Peter , Peguero Edwin , Mokhtari Sepideh
Published: October 2020

Importance: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of multiple cancers have gained prominence due to their high efficacy. However, neurological immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as myasthenia gravis (MG) have been associated with ICI therapy. Most of these neurological irAEs are rare, and in many cases, their diagnoses and management can be challenging. Observations: We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with Stage IIIC melanoma who developed a new onset of gradually progressive dyspnea, diplopia, and bilateral ptosis following treatment with one cycle of nivolumab and ipilimumab (Nivo+Ipi). She was diagnosed with MG via positive serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. She had developed a severe dyspnea at rest, which was refractory to multiple immune-suppressive therapies including prednisone, pyridostigmine, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Subsequently, she was treated with rituximab 375 mg/m2 monthly every 4 weeks with significant improvement of her symptoms within 48 hours each time.Conclusions and Relevance: As the implementation of immunotherapy increases in medical practice, irAEs may become more apparent. When first-line therapies are not adequate, other alternative therapies should be explored. This case of MG as an irAE shows that rituximab can provide potential benefit to treat patients with immunotherapy-induced MG who are refractory to other standard treatments. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of Rituximab irAEs.
Clinical Characteristic and Prognosis of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: 35 Cases from Single Center in Recent Decade
Authors: Li Qiaoqi , Lin Lede , Li Jielang , Zhou Xiaojuan , Xu Yong
Published: October 2020

Backgrounds: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare carcinoma worldwide with low-grade malignancy. Few reports have evaluated large case series of EHE. And we tried to describe different treatment and the overall survival rate of EHE, exploring prognostic the factors of outcome.Methods: This was a retrospective study enrolling patients diagnosed with EHE in our center from June 2009 to March 2020. Data including demographic characteristics, laboratory date, treatments, imaging data, immunohistochemical results, follow-up results were collected, and a retrospective database was constructed for analysis.Results: This study enrolled 35 patients with EHE pathologically diagnosed in our center. We reported the mean onset age was 41 years old, ranging from 3 to 70. EHE was more common in female patients (60%). The most commonly affected organ was liver (63%). The 5-year survival rate was 62.86%. After we operated COX regression analyse to test the effect of age (≥55 years old or <55 years old), sex, position (multiple organs or single organ involved), symptoms (symptomatic or asymptomatic) and Ki-67 (≥10% or <10%) on disease outcome, we only found that Ki-67 was the independent factor affecting the prognosis, with significant P value equal to 0.034 and hazard ratio equal to 5.809.Conclusions: In conclusion, EHE has relatively low-grade malignancy and its 5-year survival rate is 62.86%. EHE patients whose Ki-67≥10% tended to experience poor outcome.
Impacts on Air Quality Index in the Industrial town of Asansol (West Bengal, India) due to COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Ghosh Rajrupa
Published: October 2020

The lockdown phase associated with COVID-19 pandemic initiated in full swing on and from 25th March, 2020 as preventive measures against the spreading of Corona virus. The objective of this study is to analyse the status of air quality of before and after lockdown in Asansol city which is second largest city of West Bengal, India and also known as “coal mining city”. Secondary data of five parameters like CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 have been collected from Central Pollution Control Board, India. The result shows significant decrease of five parameters from 42.4 % (CO) to 63.4 % (NO2) due to close down of all industrial and transport activities during lockdown period. Based on different investigation a green belt development plan for this polluted city has been suggested for sustainable air quality management.
Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of M-Ary DPPM Modulation for WDM-PON/FSO Systems Impaired by Atmospheric Turbulence, Interchannel Crosstalk, and ASE Noise
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. , Yousif Bedir B.
Published: October 2020

This paper analyzes and enhances the performance of moment generating function techniques, notably the Chernoff bound (CB) and modified Chernoff bound (MCB), is used to improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of an optically pre-amplified for the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based on the passive optical network (PON) free-space optical (FSO) communications in the presence of both atmospheric turbulence (AT), amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, and interchannel crosstalk. In the absence of AT and ASE at a data rate of 2.5 Gbps on the 1550 nm wavelength, digital pulse-position modulation (DPPM) systems with coding level (M) of 2 provide about 2.9 dB improvement in average power over at a BER of (depending on the turbulence level) compared with an equivalent on-off keying (OOK) non-return-to-zero (NRZ) in the WDM-PON/FSO system while maintaining minimum bandwidth expansion to leverage the extended reach and enhanced user capacity and considered as a good solution to the bandwidth requirement for future access networks, with potential for higher data rate, improved data security. The receiver sensitivities of M-ary DPPM about 51.4 dBm (~21.9 photons/bit) (CB), and 51.5 dBm (21.4 photons/bit, MCB) can be achieved, which implies an improvement when compared with an OOK-NRZ system (~38 photons/bit) in the non-turbulent atmospheric condition. M-ary DPPM retains its sensitivity improvement over OOK even in the existence of crosstalk while predicting a lower power penalty of about 0.2–3.0 dB for weak turbulence at low coding level (M) 2 in WDM systems.
Dating the emergence of the first case of COVID-19 in Hubei, China with commercial flights: a retrospective modelling study
Authors: Yang Liwei , Chen Bochuan
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCommercial flights contributed to the early-stage international transmission of severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understand the effect of international and inter-state flights on thevirus transmission is important to evaluate the initial response of the outbreak. This study investigated thelikely date of the emergence of the first COVID-19 case in Wuhan, China.MethodsWe constructed a geographical-structured model, including 9122 county-level geographical units in 250different regions or countries, and 26,094,036 flight plans. Using the model, we estimated the date of thenumber of deaths and the date of first death caused by COVID-19 in 155 different countries. We set acertain trigger for country and county level lockdown, and a built-in flight randomizer, to assess thedifferent evidence that can suggest the possibility of different dates to be the emergence of the firstCOVID-19 case.FindingsWe found the median number of global deaths caused by COVID-19 from 50 trails of our simulation isbetween 853901 and 28432 when the emergence of the first case of COVID-19 case is within the timeinterval between September 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020. Overall, the average and median R2 of 155countries decrease as the date of the emergence postpone; however, a small increase of R2 is observed whenthe date emergence of the first case of COVID-19 case is September 22. The deviation of the simulationresult of the deaths from the actual scenario in the eight major epicenters demonstrates a negative trend asthe first case emerges later. A similar pattern can be observed on the date of the first death in these eightcountries, which can be applied to a global scale.InterpretationsWe found that our simulation results can only include the actual number of global deaths caused byCOVID-19 on May 1,2020 inside the 95%PI when the date of the emergence of the first case is betweenSeptember 15, 2019 and October 15, 2020; The lowest deviation can be observed on September 22. Wealso found a decrease of R2 when we deploy later emergence of the first case; unexpectedly, an abnormalincrease of R2 on September 22 is observed. When focusing on the eight major epicenters, we found that thenumber of deaths in these eight countries can only be all included inside the 95%PI when the emergence ison September 15 and September 22. The deviation of the first deaths demonstrates different patternsdepending on the continent, whereas the global average demonstrates a pattern of normal distribution witha maximum of 0.2107 on September 22 after the removal of outliers. This could suggest a high likelihoodof the emergence of the first case of COVID-19 be around September 15, 2020 and September 22, 2020.
American Medical Student Perceptions of the Online Learning Environment, their Quality of Life, and the School of Medicine’s Response During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Villanueva Eric W. , Meissner Hannah , Walters Ryan W.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, American medical schools made swift changes to clinical education based on guidelines provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges. We collected medical student perceptions of the online learning environment, quality of life (QoL), and the pandemic response by their School of Medicine (SoM). The purpose of this study was to provide suggestions to inform medical schools’ response during the continuation of this pandemic and the next.Methods: Between April 29, 2020 and May 16, 2020, the authors distributed a 60-item questionnaire that assessed demographics, learning environment, QoL, and the SoM response. Likert-type items were analyzed on an item-by-item basis, whereas themes were identified for open-ended questions.Results: A total of 330 medical students (of 632; 52.2%) responded. Those who responded had positive perceptions of the online learning environment with moderate QoL disruptions to concentration and sleep. Although most students perceived being able to contribute meaningfully to the healthcare setting, they viewed themselves as underutilized. Three themes encapsulated both positive and negative perceptions of the SoM’s response—communication, learning environment, and empathy and support.Conclusion: These findings provide insight into medical student perceptions of their learning environment and QoL as they acclimated to changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Results can help inform a SoM’s response during the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as during future pandemics or crises. Follow‐up surveys of medical students at multiple institutions across the United States and abroad will be essential to better characterize student perceptions.
Eleven-year Correlation of Physical Fruit Texture Traits between Computerized Penetrometers and Sensory Assessment in an Apple Breeding Program
Authors: Teh Soon Li , Brutcher Lisa , Schonberg Bonnie , Evans Kate
Published: October 2020

Fruit texture is a major target of apple (Malus domestica) breeding programs due to its influence on consumer preference. This multitrait feature is typically rated using sensory assessment, which is subjective and prone to biases. Instrumental measurements have predominantly targeted firmness of the outer region of fruit cortex using industry standard Magness–Taylor-type penetrometers, while other metrics remain largely unused. Additionally, there have been limited reports on correlating sensory attributes with instrumental metrics on many diverse apple selections. This report is the first to correlate multiyear historical fruit texture information of instrumental metrics and sensory assessment in an apple breeding program. Through 11 years of routine fruit quality evaluation at the Washington State University apple breeding program, physical textural data of 84,552 fruit acquired from computerized penetrometers were correlated with sensory assessment. Correlations among various instrumental metrics are high (0.63 ≤ r ≤ 1.00; P < 0.0001). In correlating instrumental outputs with sensory data, there is a significant correlation (r = 0.43; P < 0.0001) between the instrumental crispness value and sensory crispness. Additionally, instrumental hardness traits are significantly correlated (0.61 ≤ r ≤ 0.69; P < 0.0001) with sensory hardness. Outputs from two versions of computerized penetrometers were tested and shown to have no statistical differences. Overall, this report demonstrates potential use of instrumental metrics as firmness and crispness estimates for selecting apples of diverse backgrounds in a breeding program. However, in testing a large number and diversity of fruit, experimenters should perform data curation and account for lower limits/thresholds of the instrument.
Gingival Pemphigus Vulgaris-Challenges and Solution : A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Ira , Singh Aastha , Gupta Nidhi , Gupta Rohit
Published: October 2020

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life threatening and rare mucocutaneous disease that usually manifests first in the oral cavity and may later spread to the skin or other mucous membrane. Lesions may occur anywhere on the mucosa but it is unusual for PV to present over the gingiva as a primary site of involvement. A 64 year old female patient reported with a chief complaint of reddish, painful gums with burning sensation since 8 years. The diagnosis of PV is based on clinical findings (Nikolsky’s sign positive) and confirmed by histopathological analysis. Medications were prescribed as per indications and requirements. Oral hygiene instructions were given. No recurrence was observed at 1½ year of follow-up. Thus, this case serves to enhance our awareness of gingiva as a site at which systemic disease can manifests itself.
An Innovative Management of Palato Gingival Groove In A Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Authors: Dana Suchit  Kanaiyalal , Khan Gufran Danish , Joy Jittu Abraham , Khatib Mohd Sibghatullah
Published: October 2020

A case report of discussed an inventive management of apically extending palatogingival groove causing periodontal destruction along with rationale behind this technique. In this case the endodontic – periodontal lesion successfully manages without using any subgingival restorative material despite having poor prognosis.
Comparative evaluation of pre-treatment medication on post-instrumentation pain: Randomized control trial.
Authors: Jain Atul , Chabra Chahat , Agarwal Abinay , Sharma Rohit , Khan Faisal , Bahuguna Rachna
Published: October 2020

Aims and Objectives: To comparatively evaluate, the effect of preoperative single dose, of paracetamol and ibuprofen on PIP, using two different rotary instruments.

Materials and Methods: 60 patients were randomly premedicated, with either paracetamol or ibuprofen and canal was instrumented, with either Hyflex or Protaper Gold files. PIP was evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs.

Results: Lower incidence and intensity of PIP, occurred in patients, premedicated with Ibuprofen and where canal was instrumented with Hyflex.

Conclusion: Use of Ibuprofen, as a premedication during endodontic treatment, with Hyflex rotary instruments, decreases PIP.
Protocols for dentists during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Srivastava Pratima , Kumar Abhinav , Kumar Abhineet
Published: October 2020

A novel β-coronavirus (COVID-19) caused severe and even fetal pneumonia explored in a seafood market of Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries across the globe. COVID-19 declared as pandemic in Feb 2020’. COVID-19 was different from SARS-CoV, but shared the same host receptor the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It has been documented that ACE2 is the main host cell receptor of COVID-19 virus and plays a crucial role in the entry of virus into the cell to cause the fatal infection. Interestingly, it has been found that ACE2 receptor are highly enriched in epithelial cells of tongue and saliva can act as a diagnostic marker for detecting virus. Dental personnel are expose to tremendous risk of COVID-19 infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to saliva, blood, and other body ﬂuids etc. Dental professionals plays great roles in preventing the transmission of COVID-19.
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor with ameloblastomatic changes mimicking dentigerous cyst : An unusual case report
Authors: Marandi Manjula , Saigal Sonal , Nath Singh Narendra
Published: October 2020

The OdontogenicKeratocystic (OKC) is a developmental cyst derived from the remanants (rest) of the dental lamina with a peculiar biological behavior. Many attempts have been made to classify these cysts from 1887 to WHO 2017 head and neck tumors.  Initially classified under developmental odontogenic cyst of jaw by WHO in 1971 and 1992, OKC has then been reclassified and renamed as KeratocysticOdontogenic Tumor (KCOT) in the WHO classifications of head and neck tumors in 2005 due to its aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates and specific histopathological feature. But recently WHO 2017 classification of head and neck tumors reclassified KCOT as a cyst. Despite of so many classification and nomenclature, unfortunately the controversy still exists. KCOT has been rarely reported to transform into a more aggressive lesion like ameloblastoma. We here present a case report of KCOT involving the body and ramus of the mandible having histopathological features suggestive of ameloblastomatic changes and mimicking dentigerous cyst.
Partial melting and P-T evolution of eclogite-facies metapelitic migmatites from the Egere terrane (Central Hoggar, South Algeria)
Authors: Arab Amar , Godard Gaston , Ouzegane Khadidja , Acosta-Vigil Antonio , Kiénast Jean-Robert , Román-Alpiste Manuel J. , Garrido Carlos J. , Drareni Amar
Published: October 2020

The Egéré terrane (Central Hoggar, South Algeria) includes mafic eclogite lenses boudinaged in metapelitic rocks with high-pressure relicts. These metapelites show textural records of partial melting, mainly primary melt inclusions enclosed in garnet crystals and later crystallized as “nanogranitoids.” Garnet porphyroblasts also contain inclusions of quartz, kyanite, phengite, biotite, staurolite, and rutile and show a smoothed prograde zoning with a Mn bell-shaped profile. The peak high-pressure metamorphic assemblage consists of garnet, kyanite, phengite (Si up to 6.36), quartz, rutile, ±ilmenite, ±feldspars, and melt. Phengite has partially transformed into fine-grained aggregates of biotite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar, a microstructure interpreted as resulting from a dehydration melting during exhumation. Phengite breakdown, along with other retrograde reactions, produced a late paragenesis with biotite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, almandine-rich garnet, ±sillimanite, ±staurolite, ±muscovite, and ilmenite. The thermodynamic modeling of P-T pseudosections allows us to constrain various steps of the metamorphic history: beginning of the garnet growth at 4.0 kbar and ~600 °C during prograde metamorphism; pressure peak at 14–20 kbar; temperature peak at 800–820 °C; formation of the last assemblage at 6.0–5.5 kbar and 725–685 °C. Partial melting likely started during the prograde path when crossing the H2O-saturated solidus, at T ≥ 650–670 °C and P ≥ 10 kbar, continued upon heating, up to the peak conditions, as well as during decompression. This evolution is interpreted in terms of subduction of the continental crust to mantle depths, followed by an exhumation through a clockwise P-T path during the Pan-African orogeny. The Egéré metapelites are relatively well-preserved eclogite-facies rocks, contain inclusions of “nanogranitoids” hitherto very little known in eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks, and represent an unusual trace of subduction within a Neoproterozoic orogen.
Gravitational wave probes of dark matter: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bertone Gianfranco , Croon Djuna , Amin Mustafa , Boddy Kimberly K. , Kavanagh Bradley , Mack Katherine J. , Natarajan Priyamvada , Opferkuch Toby , Schutz Katelin , Takhistov Volodymyr , Weniger Christoph , Yu Tien-Tien
Published: October 2020

In this white paper, we discuss the prospects for characterizing and identifying dark matter using gravitational waves, covering a wide range of dark matter candidate types and signals. We argue that present and upcoming gravitational wave probes offer unprecedented opportunities for unraveling the nature of dark matter and we identify the most urgent challenges and open problems with the aim of encouraging a strong community effort at the interface between these two exciting fields of research.
SÍNTESE VERDE DE 1,3-DIARILTRIAZENOS SIMÉTRICOS E ASSIMÉTRICOS EM VINAGRE
Authors: Messina Leonardo , Omori Álvaro
Published: October 2020

An adaptation on the classical synthesis methodology for 1,3-diaryltriazenes for a 4-hour experimental class has been proposed with green chemistry principles in mind by using commercial vinegar as a source for diazotization with NaNO2 and keeping the reaction workup to simple vacuum filtration. Several anilines with different substituent groups were used to evaluate how they affect the synthesis based on their electron-donating/withdrawing characteristics. The decomposition of the triazenes in acidic media was also monitored via TLC. On the overall, the reactions came up with medium to high yield and high purity. Experimental procedure, reaction mechanism and other potential discussions such as green chemistry principles and effects of electron-donating/withdrawing groups are suitable for undergraduate students.
Użyteczność badania 18F-FDG PET/CT w diagnostyce guzów pierwotnych i przerzutów nowotworowych do mózgu
Authors: Medak Adrianna , Wojtowicz Julia , Pietrasz Katarzyna , Cholewiński Witold , Pisarska Beata , Heydrych Aleksandra , Matuszewski Krzysztof , Szweda Hubert , Mantaj Patrycja , Urbaniak Kamila , Wiecheć Katarzyna , Pietrzak Agata Karolina
Published: October 2020

Celem niniejszej pracy jest wykazanie, że mimo nieswoistego charakteru radiofarmaceutyku 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glukozy (z ang. 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose, 18F-FDG), badanie pozytonowej tomografii emisyjnej/tomografii komputerowej (z ang. positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT) z użyciem 18F-FDG pozwala wykryć guzy pierwotne i przerzuty nowotworowe do mózgu, co może znacząco wpłynąć na protokół terapeutyczny i jakość życia chorego onkologicznie.
Removal of emerging persistent organic pollutants (Em-POPs) model compounds from water using a natural porous material functionalized with graphene-based products
Authors: Boehm Donald , Lecus Alice , Zhang Hai-Feng , Garman David , Silva Marcia R.
Published: October 2020

This study focuses on the removal of three model compounds, classified as emerging persistent organic pollutants (Em-POPs), from water using a modified version of natural Australian zeolite. Following a series of subsequent treatments and vacuum deposition of graphene oxide (GO), both chemical and physical properties of the adsorbent were characterized. The GO-coated zeolite was tested for the removal of methylene blue (MB), disperse blue 26 (DB26), and sodium fluorescein (NaFn). Results show excellent removal capability for MB and DB26 dyes and decent removal for NaFn when compared to commercially available products such as granular activated carbon. Regeneration of the adsorbent showed virtually no loss in adsorptive performance after two cycles, with MB and DB26.
Immediate influences of hygiene education sessions on handwashing behaviors of selected Nepali students
Authors: Devkota Govinda Prasad , Bastien Sheri , Jenssen Petter D. , Pandey Manoj K. , Devkota Bhimsen , Maharjan Shyam Krishna
Published: October 2020

Appropriate handwashing can prevent 50–70% of water and foodborne infections. However, schoolchildren who are in the formative stage of life, particularly in low-income countries like Nepal, are deprived of such a lifesaving skill. This study investigates the effectiveness of a school-based participatory action research intervention to promote handwashing with soap among basic level community school students in Nepal. Teachers, the school management committee, the participatory action research committee, and child-club members actively participated in designing and implementing the intervention. This study employed a semi-structured interview with the headteacher, five focus group discussions, and spot observations during 50 handwashing with soap events involving students, to collect the data. This study assesses the handwashing situation of students before and after the intervention. As part of the intervention, participatory teaching methods such as singing, drawing, showing a video, games, and demonstrations were used. Findings from basic level students who actively participated in hygiene sessions and increased their handwashing with soap before meals and after toilet use were used as a comparison to baseline. Participants reported that the intervention was perceived positively, pragmatic, and cost-effective. This intervention study concluded that handwashing behaviors improved because of the influence of sensitization sessions and demonstrations about handwashing. However, some predominant issues in the teaching of handwashing practices include limited hygiene contents in the curriculum and the practical use of teaching and learning activities. The lack of availability of soap at handwashing stations is the main barrier in sustaining handwashing behaviors in schoolchildren.
Povos indígenas em espaços de atuação política, educação e direitos diferenciados:
Authors: Maia Lígio de Oliveira , Santos Tiago
Published: October 2020

Não se aplica.
Integralismo ‘racial’:
Authors: Costa Filho Cícero João da
Published: October 2020

Gustavo Barroso (1888-1959) foi uma das figuras mais importantes do integralismo. Chefe de milícias, autor de significativa produção antissemita, seu projeto de Brasil se fundamenta na oposição ao judeu. Simpatizante dos estados fortes, afinado com os setores conservadores do Brasil dos anos 1930, Barroso pensou o país expurgado do que considerava ser ‘criação judaica’, como o liberalismo, marxismo ou o anarquismo. Seu projeto nacional, elitista e de combate às massas, partia de um Estado social cristão (uma democracia orgânica), no qual não cabia a presença dos anseios de pequenos grupos em detrimento dos verdadeiros interesses nacionais. Barroso pensará o Brasil tendo em vista a ideologia do movimento político e religioso do Sigma, que iria marcar sua produção bibliográfica como uma verdadeira campanha antissemita.
Innovation Ecosystem as Foundation for Developing Highly-Technological Industry
Authors: Kalenov O. E.
Published: October 2020

In the era of global digitalization high technologies become the engine of development both of world economy in general and of economy of certain states in particular. They penetrate in all fields of life, including industry. Highly technological industry forms the basis of innovation development and the base for ensuring economic security of the country. It affects interests of a great number of entities, i.e. industrial enterprises themselves, state acting as a regulator, investors, contractors and suppliers, service companies, research and education institutions and customers. Thus, it would be reasonable to consider highly -technological industry as an ecosystem. The author shows that using the ecosystem approach could allow us to develop a vast potential of highly -technological enterprises more efficiently, to improve effectiveness of their work and to promote proliferation of innovation into other less technological industries. The Republic of Mordovia, which is characterized by a high degree of economy innovation and development of highly-technological manufacturing, was chosen for this research. The basis of the regional ecosystem is ‘Techno-Park-Mordovia’ that can combine the efforts of authorities, science and business to develop and spread highly-technological products.