Opportunities for Wearable Technology to Increase the Safety of Rail Sector Workers
Authors: Freed Adam , Colbert Heather , Blais Daniel 
Published: June 2022

Transport Canada’s Innovation Centre supports emerging transportation technologies to help ensure Canadians can benefit from a safe, secure, clean, and integrated transportation system. From the standpoint of safety in rail transportation, the Centre is interested investigating the viability of using wearable technologies to increase the safety of rail sector workers. Although wearable technologies have proven to be useful in other industries, their adoption in Canadian rail has yet to gain traction. This study aims to show that wearable technologies have the potential to increase the safety of rail sector workers and that further investigation of specific use cases could be valuable.To achieve the objectives of the study, FactorSafe Solutions, an Ottawa, Ontario based human factors consultancy, was contracted to collect and analyse relevant data from multiple sources and then to report on their findings. The data collection methods were three-fold: a literature and market review of known human factors considerations of trackside and yard workers and existing technologies that may be suited to address those considerations; an analysis of the past five years of reported rail occurrences found on the Transportation Safety Board’s Rail Occurrence Database System to determine the most common types of occurrences where wearable technologies may have mitigated the risk levels; and a series of interviews with subject matter experts from the rail industry as well as researchers in the field of rail safety and associated technologies to validate the previous findings as well as uncover new information.By synthesizing the analysed data from the three data collection tasks, it was concluded that there are 11 relevant occurrence types, the highest priority of which include non-main track derailments, non-main track collisions, and movements exceed limits of authority, for which yard and trackside workers could potentially benefit from the implementation of specific wearable technologies. The 11 occurrence types are spread across both the yard and tracksideenvironments and could potentially be addressed through a variety of different wearable technologies. An important conclusion of the study is that there is not likely to be a single solution to meet the needs of all workers, environments, or tasks.Finally, a research framework is proposed to guide Transport Canada’s Innovation Centre through the potential next steps. The framework includes foundational research to build on the knowledge of the prioritized use cases and technologies, pilot studies conducted in nonoperational simulated settings with small groups of participants, and then larger field trials to assess performance of the wearable technologies during actual operations. A key successfactor to the research framework is to engage with the rail industry to benefit from their knowledge and resources, including incorporating their safety management systems with a human factors risk assessment during pilot studies to ensure that the wearable technologies do not introduce new safety risks.