bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-operative drug level monitoring of pre-operative antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis in the patients of elective spinal surgery
Authors: Sheikh Salim , Swapnil Kumar , Tripathi Chakra Dhar , Meshram Girish Gulab , Karim Bushra Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Single dose prophylaxis is good enough for general surgery with low risk patients. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of single dose anti-microbial prophylaxis (AMP) is not conclusive in high risk patients and spinal surgeries requiring instrumentation or the use of implants in particular. No studies have explored the various concentration of ceftriaxone in plasma and tissue as well during an ongoing spinal surgery. Therefore, the objective of study was to correlate the serum and tissue concentrations of ceftriaxone with the SSI and identify patients with increased risk of SSI.

Methods

It was an open label prospective study in 50 consecutive patients who underwent elective spine surgery under prophylactic cover of ceftriaxone. Serum and tissue concentration were estimated by high pressure liquid chromatography during the ongoing surgery.

Results

Subjects were observed for any post-operative complications including SSI. Serum (p=0.002) and tissue (p=0.012) concentrations of ceftriaxone at the closure of spinal surgery were associated with SSI. Duration of the surgery (p=0.04) and use of implants (p=0.02) were also important surgery related risk factors.

Conclusions

Serum and tissue concentrations of ceftriaxone at the closure and duration of surgery and instrumentation or use of implants in the spinal surgery are good predictors of SSI.
Quantitative Analysis of Mancozeb in Water Quality Detection Based on Spectrophotometry
Authors: Yu Yinshan , Ping Ding , Wei Jinsong , Zhang Hui , Zhang Dongyang , Yang Yudong
Published: September 2023

Quantitative analysis of the concentration of mancozeb in water quality detection based on spectrophotometry is investigated. It is found that the concentration of mancozeb has a good linear correlation with total nitrogen and turbidity. In the experiment, prediction models are established by using various parameters to detect the concentration of mancozeb. The concentration of mancozeb is analyzed and compared with the actual value to verify the accuracy of the measurement method by the method of testing the total nitrogen and turbidity of different concentrations of liquids. The numerical and analytical results show the meeting with the actual test requirements. This method can improve the effectiveness and rapidity of quantitative analysis of mancozeb content in water quality detection.
Politeness Strategies Used by Trump and El-Sisi in Their Speeches at United Nations Assembly
Authors: Azzahra Ummi Ashim , Pratama Hendi , Saleh Mursid
Published: September 2023

In this study, the researchers identified ways that politeness strategies are commonly employed in a speech. Specifically, this study aimed at exploring the politeness strategies used by Donald Trump and General El Sisi during their speech at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly. Both the similarities and the differences between Donald Trump’s and General Sisi's use of politeness strategies and sub-strategies in their speeches were investigated. A qualitative research approach was conducted, and the theory of politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson was applied as the analysis framework. The research data was collected from the 57 utterances in Trump's speech and 79 utterances in General Sisi's speech. The analysis results showed that both Trump and El-Sisi applied bald on record, positive, and negative politeness. Specifically, the politeness strategies found in Trump's speech were 10 utterances of bald on record, 53 utterances of positive politeness, 8 utterances of negative politeness, and two utterances of off-record strategy. On the contrary, General Sisi's speech mostly contained negative politeness strategies. It was found that there were 70 utterances of negative politeness, 11 utterances of positive politeness, and 1 utterance of off-record strategy. These various politeness strategies used by Donald Trump and General Sisi could not be separated from their respective social positions, social distances, and cultural backgrounds.
The Existence of Grammatical Shifts in The English – Indonesian Translation Done by English Language Department Students
Authors: Shofiarizqi Bintang , Puji Haryanti Rahayu
Published: September 2023

Translation is transferring the meaning from the source language into the target language. Therefore, the shift in translation could be occurred because of the difference between two languages. To understand the translation shifts more detail, this study was composed by taking the translation shift as the theme of study. This study focused on explainning the existence of grammatical shifts in the English into Indonesian translation of an essay text done by the 5th semester students of English Language department at Walisongo Islamic State University. The subject of this study consisted of 15 people of 5th semester students of Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang. Meanwhile, the object of this study was the translation results produced by the students. This study was a descriptive qualitative study emphasizing the detailed understanding of the result of the study. In order to collect the data, this study used test and documentation of the students’ translation results. Based on the analysis, there were found two main types of shifts, including level shift and category shift, in the students’ translation result. The category shift was divided into four types, such as structure shift, class shift, unit / rank shift, and intra-system shift. The dominant translation shift that found in this study was unit / rank shift as much as 28.81 %, that followed by structure shift (25.07 %), intra-system shift (20.89 %), level shift (18.53 %), and class shift (6.70 %). Those kinds of grammatical shifts will be explained in this study, in order to increase the knowledge about the grammatical shifts in translation.
Achievement of Dynamic Equivalence in the Translation of Enola Holmes Movie’s Subtitle
Authors: Mukhoyyaroh Ummi , Faridi Abdurrachman
Published: September 2023

In translation, dynamic equivalence aims to deliver a text’s message in terms that a new recipient audience can understand. This research centered on analyzing the Indonesian translation of the movie subtitles for "Enola Holmes" from English to achieve dynamic equivalence. The main objective was to assess the level of dynamic equivalence and translation quality. The study utilized the content analysis method and employed three instruments: document analysis, a questionnaire, and interviews. The theoretical framework adopted for dynamic equivalence was Nida and Taber's (1964) theory, while the concept of translation quality was based on Nababan et al (2012) work. The findings of the study revealed the following; the accuracy was highly precise, with 78 instances out of 208 data samples. This indicates that the translation effectively conveyed the original meaning without any spelling or grammatical deviations in the use of terms. The acceptability of the translation product was 86.3 instances out of the data analyzed. This suggests that the translation felt natural, employing commonly used and familiar terms that were in line with the rules of Bahasa. Based on readability formula checkers, the translation achieved a very easy readability level suitable for readers aged 8-9 years old, equivalent to 3rd and 4th graders. The study demonstrated a close relationship between accuracy, acceptability, and readability in achieving dynamic equivalence. Furthermore, it is recommended that future researchers focus on specific objects and issues in translation studies.
English Education Students’ Perception on the Use of Elena in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Sulistyani Ummi Nur Laila
Published: September 2023

Elena, an e-learning aid based on MOODLE version 2.0 developed by Universitas Negeri Semarang, is used to support the teaching and learning process as a response to the post COVID-19 outbreak. In English Education study program, Elena is mostly used not only for the lecturer to upload the materials, but also for the students to have discussion session, do assignment, exam, and quiz. However, as we shift from full online classes to ofline classes, it is important for all the parties and stakeholders to re-evaluate the use of Elena in teaching and learning process in post pandemic era, especially for students as the main user. A descriptive study was conducted by giving questionnaire and having in-depth interview to 100 students who participated. The results shows that students have positive perception towards the use of Elena in post-pandemic era to support the teaching and learning process, especially in learning language. However, some improvement such as make Elena into application rather than web-based learning aid, improve the user interface, and add live notification synchronized into students’ Telegram bot or MyUNNES should be considered.
Evaluación antropométrica y condición física en población con síndrome de Down: estudio longitudinal en un lapso de 10 años
Authors: Pino-Valenzuela Marcelo , Benavides-Roca Luis
Published: September 2023

Introducción: Aunque existe consenso en cuanto a que la condición física de las personas con síndrome de Down es más baja que la de sus homólogas sin discapacidad, se desconoce el comportamiento específico de esta variable durante el ciclo vital.
Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento de las variables de antropometría y condición física en una población con síndrome de Down, en un lapso de 10 años.
Métodos: Es un estudio longitudinal comparativo, diseño de panel, realizado con 16 personas (13 hombres y 3 mujeres) con síndrome de Down, entre 10 y 25 años. Las evaluaciones antropométricas y de condición física se realizaron en tres periodos, en los años 2009, 2014 y 2019, mediante masa corporal, talla, perímetro de cintura y cadera y pliegues cutáneos. Además, se calculó el índice de masa corporal, el índice de cintura/cadera y el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Asimismo, se evaluó la fuerza estática de prensión, la prueba de capacidad muscular abdominal, flexibilidad del tronco y capacidad aeróbica.
Resultados: La antropometría y la condición física presentaron un desarrollo negativo durante los 10 años de monitoreo, lo cual fue el cambio más significativo; hubo aumento del porcentaje de grasa entre el 2009 y 2019 (p = 0,00) y también se encontró una disminución de la capacidad abdominal entre el 2009 y 2019 (p = 0,00).
Conclusiones: Las personas con síndrome de Down presentan una tendencia decreciente respecto a las variables de condición física y antropometría; además, una evolución negativa, desde el punto de la vista de la salud, considerando un periodo de seguimiento de 10 años.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase level and oxidative stress parameters in the serum of patients with chronic renal failure
Authors:   College of Education for Girls, Department of Chemistry, University of Mosul, Iraq, Saeed F. M. Y. , Jasim R. F. ,   College of Education for Girls, Department of Chemistry, University of Mosul, Iraq;
Published: September 2023

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme belonging to the kynurenine pathway. IDO activity has been suggested as a biomarker for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of IDO, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, calcium, albumin, MDA, GSH, and activity of peroxidase, catalase, arylesterase in the serum of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients treated with dialysis compared to the healthy control group. The results showed a significant increment in IDO level in patients compared with the control. Linear regression analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that increased IDO level correlates positively with urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, MDA level and peroxidase activity whereas negatively with albumin, calcium, glutathione level, catalase activity and glomerular filtration rate. We concluded that IDO level might be a possible marker of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with CRF. Keywords: 3-dioxygenase, biochemical parameters, correlation analysis, indoleamine 2, renal failure, serum
The impact of childhood febrile urinary tract infection on urinary tract dilation in ultrasonography
Authors: Okarska-Napierała Magdalena , Karpierz Katarzyna , Bombiński Przemysław , Majcher Piotr , Waszkowski Adam , Kuchar Ernest Piotr
Published: September 2023

Introduction and objective: Febrile urinary tract infection in a child may be the first manifestation of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and the urinary tract. Renal and bladder ultrasonography remains the first-line imaging modality in children with urinary tract infections. Urinary tract dilation found on ultrasonography prompts further invasive diagnosis; however, when performed in the acute phase of infection, it may potentially reveal misleading findings. Our study investigated whether acute urinary tract infection is associated with urinary tract dilatation and kidney oedema on ultrasonography. Materials and methods: We included 62 children up to 3 years of age with the first episode of febrile urinary tract infection in this prospective cohort study. We performed three ultrasonography examinations in each child: on the first day of the treatment, as well as two and four weeks after treatment onset. We scanned 124 kidneys. Results: The number of kidneys with urinary tract dilation has not significantly changed in consecutive ultrasound examinations. However, both renal length and width increased in the acute phase of urinary tract infection, correlating with symptom duration and C-reactive protein levels, and then subsided within 2–4 weeks. Conclusions: Febrile urinary tract infection does not significantly affect the results of renal and bladder ultrasonography for congenital anomalies of the kidneys and the urinary tract in children up to 3 years old. Kidneys are often involved in children with febrile urinary tract infections. Repeated ultrasound scans before further, more invasive diagnosis are recommended.
Historical Research in Religion
Authors: Fitzer Joseph
Published: September 2023

In The Archive, we republish an article that, in hindsight, may have been ahead of its time with its prescience. Our pull for this issue is a 1982 piece from Joseph Fitzer (1939–2017) where he gives his response to two essays, one by John F. Wilson and one by Catherine L. Albanese, on historical studies of religion. Fitzer posits that religious history should not be a separate phenomenon but included in general history. In Fitzer’s opinion religious history needs to shift from theological formalities in a humanistic and aesthetic direction. This was originally published in our predecessor publication, CSR Bulletin 13.4.
“Do I have to Leave my Family and Give up my Possessions for Graduate School?”
Authors: Newton Richard
Published: September 2023

In The Question, our very own Sage D’Vice shares his wisdom with Bulletin readers who are struggling with some issue in their fieldwork. Whether it’s job woes, school blues, or an awkward social situation, Sage D’ Vice has thoughts on how to navigate your situation. Have a question for Sage? Email the editor, taking care to keep names of people discussed anonymous. The Bulletin team makes sure to redact them to keep things copacetic.
Religion Devolving?
Authors: Shults F LeRon
Published: September 2023

This article highlights several of the valuable contributions in Religion Evolving by Benjamin Purzycki and Richard Sosis (2022) and offers some material and methodological reflections that are intended to complement their efforts. Their book offers a clear and useful operationalization of religion, emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to the phenomena in question, and makes great strides in overcoming the polarizing debate between proponents of the “by-product” and “adaptationist” camps in the cognitive and evolutionary science of religion. The bulk of the current article argues for the importance of building on their efforts by also attending to the conditions under which – and the mechanisms by which – religion can become “maladaptive” in contemporary contexts.
Mulheres, pretas e lésbicas: repensando a saúde mental
Authors: Mantovani José PAscoal , Vasconcelos Nivia
Published: September 2023

O artigo destaca o quanto corpos femininos, pretos e homossexuais são vistos como antinômicos. Problematizamos o tema da saúde mental considerando o espectro misógino, racista e homofóbico que circula e fundamenta os meios de verdade e moral contemporânea. Este ensaio teórico-crítico se propõe a apresentar o conceito de saúde mental, o ser mulher, preta e lésbica e a relação entre os dois tópicos. O impacto das estruturas sociais no modo de construir sua existência, sendo que a mulher, preta e lésbica é suprimida da vivência seja da sua individualidade, seja quanto ao seu papel na sociedade. Por fim, propomos lançar vistas a problemática da lesbianidade preta com o intuito de provocar políticas públicas efetivas e tensões nas subjetividades colonizadas. Explicitamos, por fim, o quanto corpos femininos, negros e homossexuais sofrem e são executados diante da lógica da necropolítica.
Про можливість охолодження із застосуванням анізотропного діелектричного середовища
Authors: Ащеулов А.А. , Дерев'янчук М.Я. , Лавренюк Д.О.
Published: September 2023

У роботі вперше розглядаються 2 оригінальні методи охолодження на основі анізотропних діелектричних матеріалів. Перший метод охолодження застосовує уніполярний анізотропний діелектричний матеріал в якому процес охолодження проходить за допомогою вихорів електричного поля з ламінарним характером течії. Для таких конструкцій, у випадку коефіцієнта анізотропії матеріалу пластини 0<K<1, визначено: оптимальний кут орієнтації кристалографічниих осей γ=45°, коефіцієнт перетворення (m), холодопродуктивність (Q), глибину охолодження (∆T), коефіцієнт корисної дії (θ). Слід зазначити, що у цьому випадку коефіцієнт перетворення muni∈(0;1), а коефіцієнт корисної дії не перевищує 1. У якості можливих матеріалів, що можуть бути використані для такого охолоджувача, є монокристал дигідрофосфату калію (KDP). Розрахунковий перепад температур ∆Tuni, що при цьому досягається, знаходиться в межах 80-100 К. Другий метод охолодження застосовує біполярний анізотропний діелектричний матеріал з відповідним виникненням в ньому вихорів електричного поля з турбулентним характером течії. Конструкція охолоджувача у цьому випадку аналогічна попередній. Застосування біполярного анізотропного діелектричного матеріалу обумовлює виникнення в об’ємі пластини вихорів електричного струму з турбулентним характером течії, що взаємодіє з її внутрішньою енергію і значно підвищує ефективність охолодження. У цьому випадку, при коефіцієнті анізотропії 0<K<1, спостерігається значне зростання коефіцієнта перетворення mbi в окремих випадках mbi≫1. У випадку використання біполярного шарового штучно-анізотропного матеріалу на основі класичного діелектрика з додатнім коефіцієнтом діелектричної проникності і твердотільного метадіелектрика, що характеризується від’ємним значення коефіцієнта діелектричної проникності, глибина охолодження ∆Tbi у такого пристрою може досягати величин 200-250 К від кімнатної температури. Результати проведених досліджень показують перспективність використання таких пристроїв, як високоефективних холодильних елементів. Дані пристрої дозволяють здійснювати ефективну утилізацію та акумуляцію холоду, що виділяється, як від конкретних об’єктів, різних приладів і пристроїв, перекачуючи її в зовнішнє середовище. Проведені чисельні оцінки показують, що застосування запропонованого пристрою дасть значний екологічний та економічний ефекти
Technical heritage of Madrid’s bridges, Spain
Authors: Bernabeu-Larena Jorge , Martín-Caro José Antonio , Hernández-Lamas Patricia , Plana Álvaro Gil
Published: September 2023

Madrid’s bridges trace a path through the evolution of construction technologies over the past five centuries. Since Madrid became the capital of Spain in the sixteenth century, bridges have taken centre stage in the growth of the city. Firstly, they crossed its rivers; later, they crossed other obstacles and connecting routes. Over time, they display a succession of materials, types and technological solutions. They include unique works and key historical figures in the history of construction. The authors propose a chronological analysis of materials and techniques: masonry bridges, iron bridges, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, composite bridges and modern designs. Studying them from a technological point of view offers a previously unseen view of their major significance in heritage. The individual value of each one is added to the overall historical and cultural value. This paper helps highlight the individual and collective relevance of Madrid’s bridges, and it is also a chance to take a look back over the technical development of bridge engineering up to the present day.
Machine learning-based prediction of scour depth around different-shaped bridge abutments
Authors: Deng Yangyu , Liu Yakun , Zhang Di , Cao Ze
Published: September 2023

Accurate assessment of scour depth around bridge abutments is crucial to reasonable design of abutment structures. In this study, machine learning (ML) models are implemented, including M5′ model tree (M5′MT), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), locally weighted polynomial regression (LWPR) and multigene genetic programming (MGGP) to predict scour depth around vertical-wall, 45° wing-wall and semicircular bridge abutments. Published experimental data are adopted, with four input parameters considered for the prediction of relative scour depth. The optimal input combination for each model is first determined using correlation and sensitivity analyses; results reveal that MGGP exhibits the best agreement with experimental data for vertical-wall and semicircular abutments, whereas LWPR outperforms the other models for the 45° wing-wall abutment. In addition, compared with the empirical equations and ML models employed in the literature, the accuracy of scour depth prediction is significantly improved with the ML models used in this study. Considering the comprehensive performance for all types of abutments in terms of accuracy, reliability and interpretability, MGGP is recommended as the representative of the implemented ML models with its mean absolute percentage error of 2.40% for a vertical-wall abutment, 3.95% for a 45° wing-wall abutment and 3.85% for a semicircular abutment.
Öğretmenlik Mesleği İmajının Öğretmen, Öğrenci ve Veli Görüşlerine Bağlı Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞENSOY Ümran , KARABAĞ KÖSE Esra
Published: September 2023

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, öğretmenlik mesleği imajına ilişkin öğretmen, öğrenci ve veli görüşlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Kırıkkale ilindeki liselerden 330 öğretmen, 575 öğrenci ve 420 öğrenci velisi oluşturmaktadır. Tarama modelinde desenlenen araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Öğretmenlik Mesleği İmaj Ölçeği Öğretmen, Öğrenci, Veli Formları” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde betimsel istatistik, t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular neticesinde, öğretmenlik mesleğinin imaj algısı çalışma gruplarının hepsinde cinsiyet değişkenine göre ölçeğin tamamında olumlu ve orta seviyenin üstünde olduğu görülmüş; veli algı düzeyleri en yüksek seviyedeyken onu sırasıyla öğrenci ve öğretmen çalışma grupları takip etmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre mesleki özellikler ve mesleki tercih alt boyutlarında ise velilerin algısı öğrenci ve öğretmenlere göre anlamlı ölçüde daha olumsuz seviyededir. Toplumsal statü alt boyutunda ise öğretmenler kendilerini öğrenci ve velilere göre daha düşük statüde algılamaktadır. Kişisel özellikler alt boyutunda ise gruplara göre anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir.
İş Tutumları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Eğitim Sektöründe Bir Meta-analiz Çalışması
Authors: ÖZKAN Ahmet Hakan , ÖZDEMİR İsmail
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, eğitim endüstrisinde iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiler, bu ilişkilerin araştırldığı çalışmalarıdan elde edilen sonuçlara dayalı olarak meta-analiz yöntemiyle analiz etmektir. İş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi çalışan 2.630 çalışma taranmış ve 30.550 denek olmak üzere seçilen 47 çalışma kullanılarak üç veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Araştırılan ilişkilerin yönünü bulmak için meta-analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır ve söz konusu ilişkilerin etki büyüklükleri hesaplanmıştır. En güçlü etki büyüklüğü iş tatmini ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındadır ve pozitiftir (r=.597). Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, iş tatmini ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişkide meslek ve bölge moderatör değişken olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur, örgütsel bağlılık ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki için ise meslek çeşidi moderatör değişken olarak tespit edilmiş ve son olarak örgütsel bağlılık ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki için ise bölge, moderatör değişken olarak tespit edilmiştir.
ONT Post-PCR Pooling & Purification for Fungal Barcoding v2
Authors: Douglas Russell Stephen
Published: September 2023

Overview: The goals of this protocol are to pool your PCR product into a single 1.5 mL tube and to purify that product using magnetic beads. Time required: ~45 minutes (mostly waiting)
Aminas Biógenas encontradas en carnes, pescado y productos cárnicos
Authors: Florez Duque Ana Valentina , Moreno Arango Maria Antonia , Franco Tobón Yuly Nataly
Published: September 2023

Introducción: las aminas biógenas (AB) son compuestos nitrogenados que pueden formarse en carnes, pescados y productos cárnicos fermentados, por acción de microorganismos como bacterias ácido-lácticas, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococci, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas y otros, principalmente mediante descarboxilación enzimática. Altas concentraciones indican deterioro de la calidad del alimento y se relacionan con efectos nocivos para la salud. Lo anterior, ha generado la necesidad de desarrollar métodos de detección rápida, económica y sencilla, que demuestre la importancia de establecer las cantidades máximas de cada AB permitidas y a su vez genere la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias que permitan la inhibición y/o reducción de su formación. Objetivo: Mostrar información actualizada sobre el contenido de AB en carnes, pescados y productos cárnicos fermentados, los microorganismos principales que intervienen en su formación, el efecto del consumo para la salud, los métodos de detección y las estrategias actuales para prevenir su formación. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en ScienceDirect, Scielo, PubMed, SpringerLink y Clinicalkey. Se seleccionaron artículos en español e inglés publicados entre los años 2018-2023. Resultados: el consumo excesivo de AB tiene efectos nocivos para la salud que incluyen intoxicaciones, crisis hipertensivas, citotoxicidad in vitro y formación de compuestos cancerígenos; sin embargo, las regulaciones que determinan las cantidades máximas permitidas de AB en alimentos son limitadas. Debido a esto, surge la necesidad de desarrollar métodos rápidos, sensibles, asequibles y económicos para su detección, como biosensores enzimáticos y nanoenzimas; además, cobran relevancia los métodos para reducir su formación con resultados prometedores tras el uso de algunos compuestos bioactivos y cultivos iniciadores.
Medical Diagnosis via Refined Neutrosophic Fuzzy Logic: Detection of Illness using Neutrosophic Sets
Authors: Kalla Hemabala , Kumar B.Srinivasa , Smarandache Florentin
Published: September 2023

The objective of the   paper is to implement and validate diagnosis in the medical field via refined neutrosophic fuzzy logic (RNFL). As such, we have proposed a Max-Min composition (MMC) method in RNFL. This method deals with the diagnosis under certain constraints like uncertainty and indeterminacy. Further, we have considered the diagnosis problems to validate the sensitivity analysis of the novel multi attribute decision-making technique. Finally, we gave the graphical representations and compared the obtained results with other existing measures in refined neutrosophic fuzzy sets.
Post-Covid Vaccination and Non-Vaccination Complications
Authors: Vivian González Aguilar , Padilla Carlos Alberto Pérez , Lazo Zaihrys del Carmen Herrera
Published: September 2023

Regarding the Covid-19 pandemic, researchers continue to be concerned about topics that have not yet been elucidated, the complications of serious patients during and after COVID, as well as their relationship with vaccination, are interesting. Studies show good acceptance of the vaccine by the general population, however, 15-20% have doubts about its safety. The most frequent complications are pulmonary, extrapulmonary and neurological, the latter due to the property of respiratory viruses neurotropism, which causes neurovirulence damage. The body shows strong reaction against COVID-19. Nonetheless, it is stronger with the OxfordAstraZeneca Vaxzevria vaccine than with the Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty vaccine, which also results in serious neurological disorders. We searched PubMed for the last 3 years. The search engine returned 147 abstracts, they were evaluated for selection and inclusion. They were classified according to how they described vaccine and non-vaccine complications. Through the theoretical foundation of the research, the main complications recorded in the literature consulted were identified. The rates of vaccine complications are low in relation to the immunized population. Vaccines continue to be the main measure to strengthen immunity, which is reflected in fewer serious patients and hospitalizations. In many cases, similar vaccine and non-vaccine complications are observed, so the organism's response to the virus or to other components of the vaccine is involved in the pathogenesis.
Functional states of the hip joint in the early postoperative period with direct anterior arthroplasty with a skin incision «bikini»
Authors: Eremin Ivan K. , Daniliyants Armen A. , Ogarev Egor V. , Zagorodniy Nikolay V.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of coxarthrosis at age of 18 years and older has reached 13% in recent years. Total hip arthroplasty is considered the gold standard for the treatment of late-stage coxarthrosis and other hip pathologies. Due to the more frequent intervention performed in recent years and increasing patient expectations, the choice of optimal surgical access will improve the outcomes of the treatment method. However, given the lack of statistical data on the qualitative difference in the postoperative condition of patients using different surgical accesses during hip arthroplasty, there is no consensus on the optimal access choice.
AIM: To carry out a comparative assessment of the hip joint functional states in the postoperative period after endoprosthesis using direct anterior and anterolateral accesses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 163 patients with coxarthrosis, 71 men and 92 women, who were subsequently divided into 2 groups: the comparison and the main one. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to endoprosthesis, the results were evaluated by dynamic assessment of joint function using the Barthel scale, the Stand and Walk test, the Leken algo-functional index, the Harris Hip Score scale, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. The Statistical analysis was performed using StatSoft Statistica 10 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software packages. Intergroup comparisons of quantitative indicators were performed using the Mann-Whitney rank test in case of nonparametric distribution of indicator values and/or significant difference in groups.
RESULTS: The findings showed that in the postoperative period, the use of direct anterior access in hip arthroplasty was associated with faster recovery of hip joint functionality and shorter inpatient stay compared with anterolateral access, which was confirmed by statistically significant intergroup differences.
CONCLUSION: The clinical efficacy from using the direct anterior access can be seen in statistically significantly (p 0.05) higher scores on the Barthel self-care scale, the results of the "Stand up and walk" test 26 weeks after surgery, as well as better dynamics of the Harris Hip Score, Leken Index, and Health Assessment Questionnaire 13 months after hip arthroplasty.
Os odontoideum of C2 vertebra: History and current options to treatment. Literature review. Part 2
Authors: Kuleshov Alexander A. , Shkarubo Alexey N. , Sharov Vladislav A. , Vetrile Marchel S. , Lisyansky Igor N. , Makarov Sergey N.
Published: September 2023

The second part of a literature review is presented on a rare pathology of the craniovertebral region, the os odontoideum of the C2 vertebra. This review is non-systematic and was conducted using the databases and search resources: PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The second part of this literature review describes historical, including conservative, treatment tactics for patients with os odontoideum, peculiarities of preoperative planning and preparation, as well as modern techniques and options for surgical treatment.
Changes in neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related functions in children with dorsalgia during medical rehabilitation
Authors: Andreev Sergei V. , Tsykunov Mikhail B.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Understanding the epidemiology of pain and what predisposes the pain in adulthood, it is important to study it in children, to determine the factors responsible for the initial episodes occurrence of initial episodes. At the present time, heterogeneity in the research methodology makes it impossible to compare the findings. A significant indicator is the health component of Body functions, Neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related functions, which is assessed in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning of the ICF.
AIMS: To determine the significance of the Body functions components, to study and systematise their change in Neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related functions in children with dorsalgia during medical rehabilitation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We observed 309 children with back pain: 150 boys (48.5%) and 159 girls (51.5%). Patients' mean age was 11.95.1 years, the minimum age 4 years, the maximum age up to 20 years in girls, 21 years in boys, in accordance with the age periodization accepted in our country.
RESULTS: Muscle function examination (b7303, b7305 (a), b7305 (b), b7306 (a), b7306 (b), b7401 (a), b7401 (b), b7401 (c), b7401 (d), b7401 (e), b7401 (h), b7402) revealed significant impairments in all groups. During the medical rehabilitation process in the main groups, a steady positive change in these indicators was continuously observed, which in a year reached the ICF determinant absence of violations.
CONCLUSIONS: The health components of Body function scores in Neuromuscular, skeletal and movement related functions in children with dorsalgia are an important clinical tool for selecting rehabilitation programs and evaluating their effectiveness.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Anthropometric Assessments in Preschool Children in a Region of the Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Authors: Vega José , López Ricardo , Galicia Arnulfo , Covarrubias Rodrigo , Aguilar Diego , Castor Ana , Reyes Eunice , Tellez Brenda , Valle Alondra , Fuentes Héctor
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Intestinal parasites are infections that affect the digestive system, and can also affect other organs and tissues, they are transmitted by the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of cysts or eggs, present in contaminated food and beverages. In Mexico they are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric ages. Objective: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, their socioeconomic impact and their effect on growth and development in children from a population of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 589 children between 0-5 years of age, for 8 months, through medical examination, coproparasito-scopic studies and Méndez-Graffar questionnaire to their guardians. The EPI-INFOTM program, SPSS version 27.0 and EPIDAT 4.2 were used to perform the Chi2 and Student's t statistical tests, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of all the children studied, 81.49% had at least one parasitic agent, Blastocystis spp. (79%) the most prevalent. No significant difference was found between both sexes, but it was found in the age group, being the ages of 4-6 years the most parasitized in 100%. According to statistical tests, there is a direct relationship with parasitic load, development of nutritional alterations and socioeconomic conditions in which they grow. Conclusion: The community studied presented a high prevalence of these diseases associated with socioeconomic factors, which is why the implementation of prevention programs for these infections is insisted on.
Multiple episodes of hypoglycemia secondary to an insulinoma: case report
Authors: Vázquez-Lara Sergio E. , Guerrero-Arroyo Aracely A. , Landeros-Muñoz Manuel , Sánchez-Lara Luis F. , Núñez-Arroyo Bryan , Valdes-Ramos R. L. , Flores-Villalba Eduardo
Published: September 2023

Within the group of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, insulinomas are the most frequent functioning tumors, representing 42% with an annual incidence of 0.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and exhibiting poor survival of less than 5 years. We report the case of a 57-year-old male with episodes of hypoglycemia of one year of evolution. Abdominal computed tomography reported a 3.5×3.6 cm mass in the neck of the pancreas. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for insulinomas. Different studies have shown that the presence of these tumors is more frequent in patients undergoing post-mortem examinations. Diagnosis is usually late due to non-specific symptoms and is clinically based on the "Whipple's triad", as well as imaging and laboratory studies. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for insulinomas. The minimally invasive procedure is an effective modality due to its benefits, however, it continues to be below conventional surgical management. In addition, the study of an intraoperative ultrasound helps to preserve the largest viable pancreatic tissue to avoid later complications.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SECONDARY RECOVERY: TWO MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR A MATURE FIELD IN ECUADOR
Authors: Ayala-Trujillo Diego Roberto , Padilla-Erazo Wilson Leonardo , Ayala-Trujillo Silvia Alexandra , Pinto-Arteaga Gustavo Raúl
Published: September 2023

Strategies focused on solving the drawbacks of a mature field must consider production decline, which is paramount when considering future investments to maintain the field’s competitiveness and profitability. B49 is an oil field with the typical problems of a mature field, management aimed at increasing the recovery factor and the implementation of an energy efficiency model were the axes to reduce OPEX and achieve a barrel with a production cost of 5.20 USD. The main objective of waterflooding in the field is to maximize oil recovery. Formation water from the north and south zones of B49 is used in waterflooding which increased the recovery factor from 21% to 26%. In Ecuador, the associated gas is not fully exploited. For this reason, its flaring is an accepted practice; however, since 2009 the Ecuadorian State Oil Company has been implementing an ambitious Energy Efficiency program called Optimization of Electricity Generation and Energy Efficiency (OGE&EE for its acronym in Spanish), which is a comprehensive development of generation, distribution and transmission of electricity, as well as the development of facilities for the collection and transportation of associated gas. OGE&EE consists of a group of projects, covering an area of 25,000 km2, 17 oil blocks, 56 oil fields and more than 66 facilities, to date the program results are: • Installation of multiple generation plants with a combined capacity of 325MW, 95MW and can use associated gas as fuel. • 200 km of electric energy transmission and distribution facilities. • Installation of 17 km of gas pipelines out of a total of 100 km, upgrading of existing facilities by implementing waste heat recovery. • The OGE&EE Program has also interconnected the oil industry’s power grid to the national grid, which helps optimize national renewable energy (hydropower). In 2015 the Ecuadorian oil company joined the World Bank initiative “Zero Routine Flaring by 2030”, the Government of Ecuador also joined this initiative in 2018, and as part of PAM EP’s Energy Efficiency program since 2015 it has been working to develop projects and financial solutions to increase power generation with associated gas and decrease gas flaring facilities (flare gas). The production of 12 wells is used for electricity generation, the daily energy demand is an average of 3MW (72 MWh per day). B49’s electricity generation meets the efficiency objectives by using gas in high efficiency generators to cover 100% of the energy needs; the field uses 194 MMcf of gas per year, stops emitting 20 MTon CO2 eq/KWH and saves 420 M USD/year for unconsumed diesel. Problems such as pressure depletion in producing sands, water injection, BSW increase, gas availability, gas flaring limitation, pressure maintenance facilities and gas distribution are issues addressed in this research.
Colaboración científica de Colombia con países de América Latina y del Caribe sobre la COVID-19 durante 2020 y 2021
Authors: Torres-Pascual Cristina , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Albert
Published: September 2023

Introducción: la necesidad de información por desconocimiento del Sars-CoV-2 llevó a los investigadores a generar una gran cantidad de información. Colombia es el segundo país latinoamericano con mayor producción científica sobre el SarsCoV-2. Objetivo: caracterizar la tendencia de colaboración científica de Colombia con países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe sobre la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: estudio bibliométrico, los registros se obtuvieron de Scopus (2020 – 2021) con los términos COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 y Sars-CoV-2. Se analizaron indicadores de producción, colaboración y visibilidad. Resultados: se recuperaron 77 registros. La tasa de crecimiento de la producción fue del 65,51 %. El índice de transitoriedad alcanzó el 86,69 %. El autor más productivo fue A.J. Rodríguez Morales de la Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas y Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira de Colombia (14,28 %). El 96,10 % de las investigaciones procedieron de universidades. La tasa de colaboración inter-latinoamericana alcanzó el 11,66 % con un índice de colaboración de 3,71 ± 3,09. La densidad de la red fue de 0,51. La mayor colaboración se dio con autores de México (n= 27), Perú (n= 26), Chile (n= 25) y Argentina (n= 23). Argentina presentó un mayor outdegree (176) y número de citas (55,03) y Chile un eigenvector superior (0,35). La correlación entre el número de citas y el grado de centralidad fue de 0,9. Conclusión: Colombia tiende a participar en proyectos internacionales y con países de Latinoamérica y el Caribecon mayor capacidad para desarrollar investigaciones.
Investigation of poly (2-methyl imidazole co 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether) as a leveler for blind hole copper plating
Authors: Zeng Xiangjian , Zhou Qiuman , Yuan Zhenjie , Huang Lixin , Hu Guanghui , He Nian , Zeng Qingming , Pan Zhanchang
Published: September 2023

The current synthetic leveler agents are complex to operate, troublesome to purify, and low to pore filling rates. Herein, we report a new, simple, green, and inexpensive method for the synthesis of leveler agents and study their properties systematically. In acidic copper sulfate plating solutions, including polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium 3,3’-dithiodipropane sulfonate (SPS), and chloride ions, the relation between leveler agents (dimethylimidazole and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether) and the filling of blind holes have been investigated. The synthesized leveler agent was structurally characterized by infrared spectroscopy and gel chromatography tests. The plating containing the leveler agent passed plating tests as well as reliability tests and met PCB production requirements. The electrochemical behavior of the leveler agent was investigated using electrochemical tests. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to observe the differences in crystal orientation on the surface of the plated layers.
Educação ambiental e as perspectivas críticas: meio ambiente como possiblidade emancipatória-inclusiva frente das habilidades socioemocionais
Authors: Castelhano Marcos Vitor Costa , França Andressa Wanderley de , Almeida Flávio Franklin Ferreira de
Published: September 2023

A educação ambiental permite a lapidação do sujeito a partir de seus sentidos emancipatórios e autônomos, permitindo, por via de processos políticos-coletivos, as mudanças interativas mediante das contextualizações socioambientais, manejando com as exigências de consumo na atualidade. Pensando nisso, o presente estudo discorre sobre a importância da educação ambiental crítica perante da utilização de intervenções e execuções emancipatórias-inclusivas, levando em consideração como tais propostas podem influir no desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades de matriz socioemocional. Para isso, valeu-se da metodologia de revisão narrativa como forma de organizar, lapidar e exprimir os conteúdos e proposições levantadas dentro da estruturação científica, partindo de diferentes vieses teórico-práticos, utilizando-se de artigos científicos, capítulos de livro e outras produções acadêmicas encontradas nas plataformas digitais do Google Acadêmico, Scielo, PePSIC e outros acervos especializados. Sendo assim, considerando a significância fundamental da educação ambiental em suas naturezas críticas, inclusivas e propriamente sustentáveis, seguem os demais tópicos atreladas as objetivações aqui colocadas, tendo como plano de fundo as edificações críticas, afetivas e individuais-coletivas perante das possibilidades executórias dos sentidos educacionais-ambientais na contemporaneidade.
Evolution of sugar exports in two centuries
Authors: Lemos Jose de Jesus Sousa , Cruz Marcos Paulo Mesquta da , Filho Joao da Costa , Paiva Elizama Cavalcante de , Sousa Erika Costa , Monteiro Alexandra Pedrosa
Published: September 2023

The research showed the trajectory of Brazilian exports and sugar prices between 1821 and 2020 (two centuries).  The hypothesis of the research was that exporters' price forecasting errors affected their export forecasting errors in the period evaluated. The data were obtained from the Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIDIC). Sugar prices were translated to 2020 Brazilian currency values (R$) and then to US dollars using the 2020 (R$/USD) average conversion rate.   Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were used to forecast sugar exports and prices over the entire period. Geometric growth rates of exports and prices were estimated for each quartile using trend evaluation models. Dummy variables were used to test whether there were differences between the elasticities measuring the forecast errors of exports as a function of the forecast errors of sugar prices in each quartile. The estimated models proved to be parsimonious and robust from a statistical point of view. The hypotheses that prices and export quantities expanded at different rates in the four quartiles were confirmed and the estimated elasticities were shown to be statistically different suggesting that export forecasting errors are likely to be related to sugar price forecasts.