bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La enseñanza de refranes en el español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Cesco Andréa
Published: June 2016

En este artículo se investiga, comenta y propone el uso de refranes españoles sacados de obras canónicas de la literatura hispánica como una herramienta para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera (ELE) a los niveles avanzados en Lengua Española y Literatura. Los refranes comprendidos en nuestro corpus se tomaron del “Sueño de la Muerte” (1621), que forma parte de Sueños y Discursos (1993) de Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas (1580-1645). Se propone, en este artículo, una fusión interdisciplinaria entre la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera, la enseñanza de literatura y la formación de investigadores. Se divide en tres partes: en primer lugar, se abordan el texto de Quevedo y nuestra selección del corpus; a continuación, hay una explicación histórica y semántica de los lenguajes que allí se encuentran; por fin, se destacan algunas de las posibilidades de investigación que surge de este tipo de enfoque.
Chaves de casa, chaves de leitura: fragmentos de leitura do romance A chave de casa, de Tatiana Salem Levy
Authors: Magalhães Alessandra Cristina Moreira de
Published: June 2016

A partir da leitura do livro A chave de casa, de Tatiana Salem Levy, propomos que se estabeleça com essa obra uma leitura em trânsito. Situando-se no espaço autobiográfico, esse texto provoca uma leitura da dúvida, uma leitura da desconfiança, marcando fronteiras transitórias, visto que essa escrita diz e se contradiz o tempo todo, esgarçando os seus sentidos, alargando a sua própria representação. O romance é tanto um olhar subjetivo para as experiências vividas quanto uma (re)invenção do próprio sujeito. A subjetividade é marcada pela reflexão sobre a causa da imobilidade da protagonista. Ao que parece, isso faz parte da sua herança. Logo, surge uma pergunta importante: como vamos ler esse texto? A reflexão sobre a escrita de si na literatura contemporânea não está preocupada com a relação entre a obra e a vida dos autores, mas em buscar o diálogo que essa escrita estabelece com o presente, refletindo sobre o próprio conceito de literatura.
O ato enunciativo e a instauração da experiência de trabalho de profissionais de enfermagem
Authors: Teixeira Marlene
Published: June 2016

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar a interlocução entre os saberes da teoria enunciativa da linguagem (Émile Benveniste) e da perspectiva ergológica (Yves Schwartz) como fundamento para o estudo da instauração da experiência de trabalho de profissionais de enfermagem, tomando como locus de observação passagens de plantão no cotidiano de um hospital. Para tanto, propõe a extensão do escopo das formulações de Benveniste para além dos domínios da linguística, na direção de uma ciência geral do homem. Ilustra essa proposição com o estudo dos pronomes desenvolvido pelo autor, que os descreve como categorias que dão a ver a dialética singular pela qual o locutor acessa a língua e na qual vemos a experiência subjetiva se instaurar.
A noção de discurso na teoria enunciativa de Émile Benveniste
Authors: Flores Valdir Do Nascimento , Endruweit Magali Lopes
Published: June 2016

Este texto discute as diferentes acepções do termo discurso na teoria enunciativa de Émile Benveniste. Em um primeiro momento, traz considerações gerais acerca da leitura da teoria da enunciação de Émile Benveniste; em seguida apresenta um levantamento das ocorrências do termo discurso em um corpus formado por textos dos Problemas de linguística geral I e II (PLG) e, com base nesse levantamento, estabelece alguns dos possíveis sentidos para o termo discurso na reflexão de Émile Benveniste.O texto apresenta também um método de leitura da teoria da enunciação de Benveniste que permite contemplar as variações terminológicas que são características dessa teoria.
Trabalho escravo e infantil no discurso da mídia do Sudeste brasileiro: Uma identidade “bárbara” da sociedade paraense?
Authors: Cunha Marcos André Dantas da
Published: June 2016

Pautado na Análise do Discurso de Linha francesa, influenciada por Pechêux (2002) e mais especificamente por Foucault (2008), este artigo apresenta o debate em torno do conceito de discurso, tensionado entre a materialidade linguística e o acontecimento histórico. Também ressalta a concepção de sujeito a partir da noção de poder fragmentado foucaultiana. Considerando esta noção, focaliza a produção da identidade como uma das possibilidades de reconhecimento do sujeito, moldado pela instabilidade consumista na modernidade atual (BAUMAN, 2001). A partir daí, localiza a identidade regional paraense no bojo do debate das diferenças entre as regiões brasileiras, pensando o regional se constituindo na relação com o nacional (HALL, 2006). Ao analisar a produção da identidade, busca destacar na mídia – enquanto um importante dispositivo de poder – (AGAMBEN, 2009) a temática repetível e reincidente do trabalho escravo e infantil, marcando uma identidade, talvez, “periférica e bárbara” do estado do Pará.
Manaus como cidade-sede da Copa do Mundo de Futebol: memória e acontecimento
Authors: Narzetti Claudiana
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho versa sobre os enunciados produzidos acerca da cidade de Manaus como uma das sedes da Copa do Mundo de Futebol de 2014. Esses enunciados, produzidos no período imediatamente anterior, durante e no período imediatamente posterior à realização dos jogos do referido torneio, por um lado, inserem-se numa rede de memória que atualiza uma memória sobre a cidade de Manaus e seu povo; por outro lado, dão lugar ao acontecimento, uma vez que, na série da qual fazem parte, esses enunciados efetuam nessa memória uma divisão em função dos interesses em jogo. Nossa análise tem por objetivo detectar os pontos de ativação dessa rede de memória e desse(s) acontecimento(s). O referencial teórico-analítico é o da Análise do discurso francesa derivada dos trabalhos de Michel Pêcheux. O corpus consiste em enunciados que circularam nos meios de comunicação tais como revistas e jornais, tanto locais quanto nacionais, em sua versão online. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Análise do discurso francesa. Memória. Manaus.
O corpo e a voz, a língua e a cidade: carne e pedra na constituição das subjetividades do tempo presente
Authors: Piovezani Carlos , Silveira Allice Toledo Lima da , Bittencourt Joseane Silva
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre as subjetividades contemporâneas que se dão a ver na/pela mídia e na/pela cidade no que tange ao controle das representações do corpo e dos usos da língua. À luz dos postulados de Michel Foucault, principalmente àqueles que concernem sobre as condições históricas de possibilidades pelas quais passaram as sociedades de soberania para as disciplinares e, por últimas, as sociedades de controle, incidiremos nossa discussão sobre o funcionamento e a circulação midiática de discursos do “bem falar” e do bem escrever; discursos sobre a beleza, boa forma e bem-estar, aos quais relacionaremos com as práticas e os discursos urbanísticos que produzem também suas formas de controle, a fim de delinear um esboço do movimento de gestão social que descarta e agrega, privilegia e segrega, quando se trata de língua, de corpo e de cidade. Articularemos ainda às nossas discussões algumas passagens do texto “Delimitações, inversões, deslocamentos”, de Michel Pêcheux, que abordam algumas questões sobre a injunção entre o ver e o dizer e a forma como se aliam os projetos urbanos e as políticas linguísticas de algumas sociedades. Assim, as três dimensões tratadas neste trabalho – corpo, língua e espaço – são tomadas como materialidade simbólica para entender a própria constituição “humana” do homem, da sua subjetividade e de sua cidadania. Palavras-chave: Língua; Discurso; Corpo; Cidade.
A resistência mossoroense nos deslizes da memória e do sentido: uma arqueogenealogia do discurso urbano
Authors: Tavares Edgley Freire , Da Silva Francisco Paulo , Da Silva Marluce Pereira
Published: June 2016

Na cidade de Mossoró/RN, diversas práticas sustentam um discurso memorialista em torno da resistência desta cidade ao ataque do cangaceiro Lampião, no ano de 1927, produzindo o acontecimento de forma épica e gloriosa. Neste trabalho, analisamos histórica e semiologicamente a atualização dessa memória em materialidades discursivas dispersas pela cidade. Para tanto, assumimos os dispositivos teóricos e metodológicos da análise do discurso para propor uma arqueogenealogia da cidade em suas materialidades discursivas, descrevendo nas regularidades discursivas e nos efeitos de sentido as permanências e as redefinições da memória da resistência. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mossoró/RN. Memória da resistência. Arqueogenealogia.
São Luís, a Manchester do Norte: a cidade (re)significada pelos discursos do patrimônio
Authors: Belfort Carvalho Conceição , Cutrim Kláutenys Guedes
Published: June 2016

Considerando que o discurso, enquanto prática social historicamente determinada, constitui sujeitos e objetos (FOUCAULT, 1986), apresentamos uma análise de diversas práticas discursivas que constroem sentidos ao objeto patrimônio, buscando a emergência de acontecimentos que as fabricaram e produziram a cidade de São Luís como Athenas Brasileira, Manchester do Norte e, atualmente, como São Luís da diversidade. Em cada momento da irrupção do discurso de patrimônio este se materializa em textos e suportes de diferentes naturezas: a imprensa ilustra práticas discursivas que constroem a identidade de Athenas Brasileira; leis, documentos oficiais registram o epíteto Manchester do Norte e destacam uma simultaneidade de identidades, e a São Luís da diversidade nos mais diversos tipos de mídia que invadem o cotidiano (outdoors, folders). O conceito de patrimônio cultural, à luz da pós-modernidade, vai ganhando contornos que alcançam dimensões mais amplas, materializando-se no imaterial, em mecanismos de preservação, que envolvem a cultura e a memória. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Patrimônio, discurso, identidades.
Quatro movimentos de Foucault contre lui-même: imagens, discurso e militância no centro e nas margens da rua
Authors: Ribeiro Jocenilson
Published: June 2016

O presente texto se configura com uma leitura resenhada do documentário Foucault contre lui-même. Trata-se, na verdade, de um ensaio que se desenvolve com a articulação da leitura de algumas obras do filósofo francês com os temas apresentados no filme. O principal objetivo é refletir a partir de algumas ideias de Foucault acerca de temas do presente, avaliando a atualidade de seu pensamento em nosso tempo. A questão da rua aparece nesse texto como lugar em que o pensamento do autor emana para refletir a própria sociedade e seus conflitos com os diferentes modos de instauração do poder, seja no passado, seja ainda hoje. A rua e a cidade acabam sendo seu grande laboratório, o imenso e inesgotável arquivo onde Foucault fez-se militante e pensador, ora no centro, ora nas margens. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Michel Foucault. Discurso. História. Poder. Rua.
RELAÇÕES CAUSAIS E GÊNEROS DE TEXTO
Authors: Abdon Iaci
Published: June 2016

Na abordagem funcionalista da língua, os itens gramaticais não são concebidos como entidades autônomas, devendo ser analisados em referência a parâmetros sócio cognitivos tais como: modelos mentais de apreensão da realidade, interação social e cultural, propósitos do evento de fala. Assumindo-se essa visão funcionalista e adotando-se o pressuposto de que o significado das expressões linguísticas pode ser interpretado em diferentes níveis ou domínios semânticos (Dik, 1989, 1997; Sweetser, 1990), analisam-se ocorrências de enunciados causais em diferentes gêneros de texto na língua portuguesa. Busca-se verificar a hipótese de que o gênero é um fator determinante quanto a frequência com que emergem as relações causais e quanto à instanciação dessas relações num ou noutro nível semântico. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a maior incidência de enunciados causais está associada a gêneros de texto em que o falante está mais envolvido com aquilo que diz, ou melhor, em que ele está autorizado a relevar, mais ostensivamente sua presença no mundo materializado pela linguagem.
DALCÍDIO JURANDIR E BENEDICTO MONTEIRO: A Incorporação Estética do Imaginário Popular
Authors: Tereza Furtado Marlí , De Fátima Nascimento Maria
Published: June 2016

Objetiva demonstrar os resultados parciais da pesquisa que as professoras desenvolvem junto ao Departamento de Língua e Literatura Vernáculas da UFPA, e que consiste em: elaborar um levantamento de lendas e narrativas do imaginário popular em obras do ciclo Extremo Norte (1939/1978), de Dalcídio Jurandir, e em obras da Tetralogia Amazônica (1972/ 1985), de Benedicto Monteiro, analisar como os autores incorporam esteticamente esse material.
AS PERSONAGENS FEMININAS EM DOROTÉIA, PEÇA DE NELSON RODRIGUES
Authors: Cardoso Joel
Published: June 2016

Com uma visão psicanalítica, o artigo objetiva proceder uma leitura do comportamento das mulheres em Dorotéia, uma peça muito original de Nelson Rodrigues, o mais importante dramaturgo do Modernismo brasileiro.
UM PERCURSO DE PESQUISA NA ÁREA DE AVALIAÇÃO DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: Crestian Cunha Myrian
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho foi apresentado numa mesa redonda dedicada às diversas pesquisas em ensino/aprendizagem de línguas empreendidas na Universidade Federal do Pará. Ele retoma o pensamento do autora no que diz respeito à pesquisa na área de avaliação em línguas, através do questionamentos que impulsionaram este percurso, e procura mostrar por que esta temática transformou-se num objeto de estudo incontornável para o ensino/aprendizagem de línguas, integrando-se perfeitamente à reflexão desenvolvida, neste campo, numa perspectiva interacional.
Destination managament in Hungarian tourism
Authors: Dávid Lóránt , Tőzsér Anett
Published: June 2016

The principle of the regional concentration – as one of the important means of regional competitiveness – and the cooperations being organised more consciously have big parts in the development and operation of the tourist destination management. The principle of complexity is emphasised differently that means, on the one hand, the more effective use of the connection possibilities of tourism to other branches, on the other hand, it takes for granted the development of the background infrastructure supporting tourism more intensively beside the development of the tourist infrastructure. The basic principle of the competitive developments are the sustainable developments and the innovative approach. Tourist destination can be identified with the tourist suppl (product) from the elements of the tourist system: the tourist supply and the tourist destination are consisting just of the same elements. The difference is that the tourist product can be only one product and destination can be characterised as a complex pile of attractions and services being in connection with each other. The cooperation of the characters of destination are organised by the tourist value chain of which elements are the experiences in connection with the formation of the image, preparation of travel, travel, destination, return from the point of view of the tourist and the service providers of destination. Services of different level provided by the suppliers can influence the opinion and experience of the tourist in connection with destination negatively. The independent destination management system with suitable competence and specialists, running a coordinating activity can make a connection between the tourist and the receiving area.
The role of the time factor in the manager functions
Authors: Bácsné Bába Éva
Published: June 2016

The role of the time factor in management is increasing. Change directs attention to the time factor from the point of view of the organisation,and management does the same from that of the person. I examined the time management practice of managers of organisations related to agribusiness, and the reaction time characterising the adaption ability of the organisations through a questionnaire survey. I analysed the collected data with scientifically established statistical methods. During studying resources, managing tasks, change, reaction time and effect I explored the features of time as resource, the significance of the time factor, the improvability of time efficiency in the different managing functions, the factors supporting and hindering the quick reaction of organisations, and what rearrangements can be seen in management work nowadays.
The role of education, knowledge and human resources for the agricultural development in the perspective of new cap: an hypothesis of change in Basilicata
Authors: Contò F. , Fiore M. , La Sala P. , Papapietro P.
Published: June 2016

The role of education, knowledge and human resources in the agribusiness becomes of primary importance for the development of agricultural sector and, more generally, of the territory. The main objective of the present paper is to verify the role of investment in human resources and, consequently, in services for the agricultural development for the dynamics of rural development, trade and international cooperation of agribusiness.After a literature review, the paper firstly analyses the characteristics of the Italian Region of Basilicata, selected for our empirical application, and secondly develops an econometric model to explain the relationship between the rural GDP and a set of economic variables and of network-education-social (NES) dummy variable. These NES is representative of social, educational and, network factors, describing the degree of openness of the region firm. As expected, the results show that farmers may act as engines for economic development when they are trained on the basis of the needs and requirements related to innovation and research, and they are assisted through new models of organization of agricultural services.
Regulatory challenges of innovation in food and agriculture market authorization requirements for new foods
Authors: Van der Meulen Bernd , Szajkowska Anna
Published: June 2016

Regulatory authorities face the challenge to strike a fair balance between the interests of consumers to ensure the safety of innovative foods and agricultural products and the interest of innovative businesses.Worldwide prior authorization schemes are applied. This contribution explores characteristics, pros and cons of such schemes. It identifies concerns but also best practices that may contribute to improving food safety without unduly hampering innovation.
Legal-economic barriers to price transfers in food supply chains
Authors: Bremmers Harry , Van der Meulen Bernd , Sredojevi Zorica , Wijnands Jo
Published: June 2016

Recent price movements have put food supply chains under pressure. On the one side, upward price tendencies on commodity markets result in higher costs to processing firms. On the other side, these firms are confronted with a strong retail sector that is able to prevent compensation to protect consumers’ and own economic interests. Regulatory impediments of European law, especially with respect to foodstuffs, can adversely be utilized as barriers to protect the interest downstream the supply chain. The problem is that legal-economic instruments which can serve to smooth price volatility in supply markets can also opportunistically be used at the expense of the middlesection in food supply chains (i.e., mainly small and medium sized producers). The aim of this article is to identify the legal-economic mechanisms that effect price transfers in food supply chains in the European Union and define policy adjustments to improve pricing mechanisms, while safeguarding the interests of the processing industry. Policy alternatives to improve the smooth functioning of notably intermediate markets in food supply chains are the restructuring of competition law, improved processor information management and creating transparency of value added in the supply chain by means of labelling devices.
The global financial crisis: Implications for capital to agribusiness
Authors: Ahrendsen Bruce L.
Published: June 2016

The global economy has continued to experience lingering effects of the global financial crisis that began in 2007. Although attention was initially given to the liquidity crisis and survival of some the world’s largest corporations and institutions, the financial crisis is likely to have long-lasting implications for agribusiness. As the world slowly recovers from the crisis, another round of problems are emerging as governments and international institutions attempt to unwind the positions they took in an effort to prevent the global economic bubble from bursting. Perhaps the most problematic factor for businesses is access to capital in sufficient amounts and at affordable rates. Governments and institutions, particularly in the United States (U.S.) and the European Union, have increased their financial obligations as the result of activities taken to curtail the economic crisis. These financial obligations and the associated financial risks place pressure on financial markets and tend to restrain the availability of capital and increase the cost of capital for businesses. However, the U.S. agricultural credit market has not experienced problems to the same extent as general business (commercial and industrial) and real estate credit markets have. In general, U.S. farm businesses have a strong balance sheet, adequate repayment capacity, sufficient amount of assets to offer collateral for loans, and reasonable profits. Thus, U.S. farm businesses have had an ample supply of credit at relatively low interest rates.
Water footprint in Hungary
Authors: Neubauer Eva
Published: June 2016

More and more news report on water-related extreme environmental phenomena. Some of these are natural, which are often beyond the human race. But others are definitely due to anthropogenic effects. I think the water footprint index is able to highlight national and international water-use processes and gives us the opportunity of organizing a sustainable, consumer-, environmental- and governancefriendly management. 81% of the fresh water withdrawal is from surface water bodies in the EU. In Europe as a whole, 44% of abstraction is used for energy production, 24% for agriculture, 21% for public water supply and 11% for industry. Public water supply is confined to ground waters. To the water resources related human activity caused qualitative and quantitative amortisation will grow worse in the foreseeable future due to the climate change. Beside seasonal differences the sectoral differences are increasingly becoming critical between different areas, such as Southern and Western Europe. The former, wrong agricultural support system has worsened the situation since it gave financial aid for the used improper techniques of water-intensive crop cultivation. By today, this seems to be solved. Public water abstraction is affected by manyfactors, of which mostly are based on social situation and habits, but technological leakage receives a big role as well. Interesting, that for example the residents’water consumption in Eastern Europe decreased because price were raised and regular measurements were introduced. But in Southern Europe it increased due to tourism in the past period. Industrial water withdrawal decreased across Europe because of the decline of industry and the development of technologies. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), the Union needs a sustainable, demand-driven leadership which focuses on the preservation and use efficiency. This have already appeared in politics and legal administration as well. Current research calls the attention to the significance and difficulties of this kind of domestic estimation presented trough the water footprint calculation of bread and pork in Hungary. The received data indicate the domestic water consumption trends in a modern approach. There is no doubt for me about the urgent necessity of water footprint calculation because as a result innovative, sustainability supported environmental, social, economical, and political relationships can be created – not just on local, regional or national level, but on interregional, European and even global stage.
The new strategic directions of rural development in Hungary
Authors: Szabóné Pap Hajnalka , Bezzeg Enikő
Published: June 2016

The notion of sustainability is the basis for our future possibilities. Local sustainability, in the centre of which can be found the livable settlement, is especially important in rural areas.Without developing rural areas, there is no developing society. The growth of the Earth’s population and the world economy has already surpassed the carrying capacity of this planet which may result in an “overshoot and collapse”. This can still be prevented today. The population of towns and cities is rapidly increasing. Urbanization is a very fast process, even in Hungary. In large cities with millions of inhabitants crime and lumpen lifestyle pose huge problems. However, the bases of a successful economy are morals and a puritan lifestyle, which so far have characterized rural villages. 70% of the poor and needy live in rural areas in the developing countries and agriculture provides livelihood for 40% of the world’s population. The International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) was established in 2002 by FAO and theWorld Bank to learn more about the role of agricultural science and technology. After the positive decision some comprehensive summaries were made on all the related topics with the participation of 400 scientists. The assessment provided many lessons to learn and at the 2008 closing sessions in Johannesburg, the reports were accepted and it was proved that rural areas have a significant role in providing adequate means of earning a livelihood. The Ministry of Rural Development composed a domestic-level study with the title of the National Rural Strategy. The objectives stated in the study can be seen as the main directions of the Hungarian rural strategy. The land policy aims to support the 50–70 hectare family farms and have the agricultural lands under national authority. The population must be provided with ample and safe food. The priority of local economy, local sale, and local markets is important. The positive exploitation of our natural resources may result in the strengthening of rural areas. The deterioration of rural areas must be stopped. In order to halt these processes swiftly fundamental, patriotic economic and social policy changes, a strong people’s party, a short-run crisis treating and a medium-long-run strategic development and action plan are needed which is based on the respect of work and moral norms, national cooperation, solidarity, and the defense of our mutual interests rather than on speculation (ÁNGYÁN, 2010). The greatest problem of Hungary is low employment.Workplaces may be created in the least expensive and the fastest manner in irrigational agriculture. In order to achieve this, the role of the state must be reconsidered and EU rules on state intervention must be reviewed.
Economic questions of land usage – scarcity, sustainability
Authors: Magda Róbert
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to show the economic importance of land usage. This topic is important because land is the basis of industrial and agricultural production, as well as energy and environmental security. The focus of the analysis is the relationship between land usage and scarcity and sustainability.
Improving audit functions of supreme audit institutions to promote sustainable development
Authors: Nagy Sándor , Gál József , Véha Antal
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate and analyze the substance of the added value effect of a Supreme Audit Institution (SAI), focusing on sustainable development issues.We intend to answer such questions as: how could a SAI respond to global and local challenges and how it could help government to implement commitments towards sustainability. Finally, we trace a possible way to improve external audit functions both on the state level and at the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI), by using some ideas from network theory.
Analysis of the producer price of Hungarian raw milk in international comparison
Authors: Blaskó Beáta
Published: June 2016

Although the dairy market crisis eased in 2011, Hungarian dairy farmers still find it difficult to produce milk profitably. As a result of the crisis, many dairy farmers abandoned milk production or reduced the size of their dairy herds in 2009 and 2010. Today, many of farmers are also considering ceasing production, in spite of the fact that the global dairy industry is facing an upturn. A dairy farm can operate profitablyy in three ways: 1) if it can reach a relatively high level of producer price 2) if it can increase milk production per cow 3) if it can achieve a relatively low cost of production. In the present study, I primarily analyse the development of the Hungarian producer price of raw milk in international comparison. Next, I list those factors which directly or indirectly influence the producer price of raw milk. Finally, I examine the relationship among disposable income, milk consumption and milk price. Since the start of 2009, the dairy market has been confronted with a period of extraordinary law prices. After bottoming out, prices had begun to slowly stabilise during the second half of 2009. By the end of that summer, international prices had started to strengthen and the last quarter of 2009 was characterized by a steady rise in prices. The strong recovery in prices experienced after 2009 was triggered by increased demand, mainly from oil exporting countries, but also from China. The price increase, however, reflected a significant increase in input costs in Hungary; the high level of feed prices and the unfavourable change in the macroeconomic environment must be stressed. The rising excise duty on diesel fuel and the VAT increase had a direct impact on Hungarian dairy farmers. These negative factors have increased the costs of the sector, narrowing the ability of those active in it to operate efficiently.
O PROCESSO DE MORALIZAÇÃO EM KANT
Authors: Nodari Paulo César
Published: June 2016

Resumo: Kant afirma que o homem é um ser determinado pela razão a viver numa sociedade com outros homens e através da arte e da ciência ele precisa levar adiante a tarefa de cultivar-se, civilizar-se e moralizar-se, sendo a moralização o estágio mais elevado e também o mais exigente a ser atingido pelo homem. Trata-se, pois, neste artigo, de argumentar como se dá o processo de moralização em Kant, mostrando como se dá a passagem da animalidade à humanidade e desta à personalidade, isto é, à moralidade.Abstract: For Kant, man is a being determined by reason to live in a society with others and who, through art and science, must educate, civilize and moralize himself. Moralization being the highest and most demanding stage to be reached by man. The article seeks to show how the process of moralization happens in Kant, and how animality gives way to humanity, and the latter to personality, i.e. to morality.
Características y protección de la especie en peligro de extinción Taxus chinensis var. mairei en las montañas de Taihang
Authors: Zaiyou Jian
Published: June 2016

Las razones por las que la especie Taxus chinensis var. mairei está en peligro de extinción en las montañas de Taihang giran en torno a tres ejesdistintos en relación a la disminución de ejemplares.En primer lugar contamos con factores biológicos, como las barreras de polinización, el alto grado de inactividad de sus semillas, la imposibilidad depropagación vegetal por medios naturales, la escasa adaptación de los vástagos al medio y su lento crecimiento. El segundo factor es de carácterambiental: medio de distribución y posición en la comunidad muy limitados. Por último, la tercera causa es la interferencia de personas y animales.De acuerdo con estos factores, proponemos tres medidas para proteger la especie Taxus chinensis var. mairei con el fi n de conservar los ejemplaresexistentes, cultivar nuevos ejemplares y encontrar nuevas vías para producir taxol.
Evaluación de la composición corporal en niños y adolescentes: directrices y recomendaciones
Authors: Curilem Gatica Cristian
Published: June 2016

El índice de masa corporal (IMC) otorga uno de los índices más usados para determinar el estado nutricional de la población a nivel mundial, dondea pesar de existir recomendaciones claras y defi nidas para su interpretación como el sexo, edad, raza, entre otros, normalmente se estandarizasu clasifi cación, independiente de las variables, aumentando el error en el resultado y en la clasifi cación del estado nutricional.El uso de la composición corporal a través de la antropometría entrega mayor información que el IMC, siendo la masa grasa y la masa muscularlos principales resultados útiles.Este artículo presenta una revisión de las ecuaciones existentes y propone aquellas más simples y con menor error de estimación para ser usadascomo una herramienta que reemplace o complemente al IMC, favoreciendo una mejor comprensión e interpretación del estado nutricional y nivelde actividad física en niños y adolescentes.
Microfracture of Articular Cartilage
Authors: Sommerfeldt Mark F. , Magnussen Robert A. , Hewett Timothy E. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Flanigan David C.
Published: June 2016

➢ Microfracture is a treatment option for symptomatic, full-thickness cartilage defects.

➢ Microfracture is most likely to be successful when performed in nonobese patients under the age of thirty years for small (<2 to 4-cm2) femoral condylar defects that have been symptomatic for a short time (less than twelve to twenty-four months).

➢ Microfracture has acceptable short-term clinical results, but results can be expected to decline over time.

➢ Long-term studies that compare microfracture with advanced cartilage restoration techniques are required to ascertain whether these newer techniques provide longer-lasting results.
MOTHERHOOD SPIRIT UNTUK KEDERMAWANAN SOSIAL DI MUSLIMAT NAHDLATUL ULAMA PONOROGO
Authors: Huda Miftahul
Published: June 2016

Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan pemahaman dan peran kaum ibu serta strategi yang dilakukan dalam pemberdayaan dan penguatan masyarakat. Kaum ibu diasumsikan sebagai pribadi yang hanya mengabdikan diri untuk keluarganya karena lebih fokus pada area reproduktif dan dimensi domestik. Asumsi tersebut tampak berbeda dengan aktivitas kaum ibu di Muslimat Nahdlatul Ulama Ponorogo. Dengan spirit motherhood, kaum ibu sudah mulai ikut berjuang, berkorban dalam melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kaum ibu di Muslimat NU Ponorogo lebih cenderung memaknai/memahami spirit motherhood sebagai landasan gerakan yang lebih banyak dalam konteks gerakan sosial kaum ibu seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan sosial keagamaan. Dari model dan ragam kegiatan yang dilakukan tampak bahwa Muslimat NU Ponorogo sudah beranjak dari motherhood biologis ke motherhood sosial, akan tetapi belum sampai ke arah motherhood politik. Dari hasil kajian tersebut tampak pula bahwa Muslimat NU dapat menjadi semacam institution by example, yaitu sebagai contoh organisasi perempuan yang bisa dijadikan pilot project dalam melakukan strategi pemberdayaan melalui filantropi sosialnya.
ISLAM MITOS INDONESIA (KAJIAN ANTROPOLOGI-SOSIOLOGI)
Authors: Sardjuningsih Sardjuningsih
Published: June 2016

The Muslims in Indonesia, appreciated the tradition’s value so much, remarkably, the one which becomes the part of the religiousity practices and becomes one with it. Therefore, the Islamic religion manifestation in every community group is different, because of the tradition’s differences cover it; the position of tradition and the ancestors precepts which are placed equally with religion, it is toward the invisible matter or supernatural. Their exiatences are worshipped, honored, respected and even considdered cult, treated as the God in religion. Supernatural is often anthropomorphic, it means that the supernatural is often treated as the other creatures which have the ability and characters like human, animals, or plants. The community divinity concept and perception is not purely monotheism, but it is monopluralistic. Tradition which is accomodated in their religious practices is often connected to the myth existence. The myth truth is the community faith matter, emotion and mental. All of the religion processes related to doctrine, history and its development can not be separated from the existence of the myth, included religion which is claimed as the revelation religion. The myth element becomes very important in this contextual Islam, because the myth knowledge is considered as the holy story, the primordialic event about the universe genesis, the past time, and the other life. Frazer described that the myth position in the community religion is like the holy book in the modern religion. In every tribe and group who claim as Muslim, they have the myth practices which become the base in arrenging local Islamic practices. In the study of anthropology and sociology, the function and the role of myth, religion, and tradition can not be substancially distinguished, since every one contains the invisible element. The myth as a story which is considered sacred as like the holy book which is able to describe the transendental primordial event. Myth is related to the traditional religion and the holy book is related to modern religion. The Sociology defines that myth is as the social stucture in creating the community condition. As a belief which is able to strengthen the community mystical side in order to be able to conserve the adhesive social values in the community.
Analytical Study of Constant Gas/Oil-Ratio Behavior as an Infinite-Acting Effect in Unconventional Multiphase Reservoir Systems
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ayala Luis F.
Published: June 2016

In multifractured horizontal wells producing from unconventional reservoirs, linear flow is commonly observed to be the dominant flow regime during early production. This linear flow regime may remain infinite-acting for a long stretch of time because of the ultralow permeability character of these formations. In this study, we first analytically corroborate that constant gas/oil ratio (GOR) should be expected in unconventional multiphase reservoirs (gas condensates and volatile oils below saturation conditions) exhibiting linear flow under constant-bottomhole-pressure (BHP) production constraint during infinite-acting periods (i.e., before pressure transient reaching the reservoir boundary). We propose a semianalytical solution to the multiphase governing partial-differential equations (PDEs) by applying the similarity method—also referred to as the Boltzmann transformation—to transform the system of PDEs to ordinary-differential-equation (ODE) form. The transformed system of ODEs and boundary conditions are solved by means of Runge-Kutta integration. By solving the equations for pressure and saturation, the GOR trend and value can be fully predicted before availability of production data. The results show that a constant GOR effect could be maintained as long as the flow regime remains infinite-acting and its value varies with BHP specifications for a given reservoir and fluid system.
70th Anniversary of Hematology Clinic of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology
Authors: Abdulkadyrov Kudrat Mugutdinovich
Published: June 2016

This report describes major events of the 70-year history of the Hematology Clinic of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology founded in 1945. It covers activities related to studies of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy of hematological disorders, as well as training of the personnel and development of methods for improvement of the system of specialized medical care for hematological patients in the Russian Federation. Much attention is paid to personnel's faultless work. The article emphasizes that recent scientific discoveries are successfully implemented in the everyday clinical practice and are published in leading domestic and foreign periodicals. It makes a special emphasis on modern therapeutic and diagnostic equipment that allows to apply all modern methods of diagnosis and therapy of hematological disorders.
NK-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (Literature Review and Authors' Experience)
Authors: Frenkel' M.A. , Baranova O.Yu. , Antipova Alina Sergeevna , Kupryshina N.A. , Tupitsyn N.N.
Published: June 2016

Aim. To investigate clinical and laboratory features of NK-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (NK-LL). Methods. Of 161 patients treated in the Department of Chemotherapy of Hemoblastoses of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center from 2000 to 2014, NK-LL was diagnosed in 1 patient (0.6 %). In the Laboratory of Hematopoietic Immunology of the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, NK-LL was diagnosed in 3 more patients referred from other healthcare institutions over the same period of time. The disease was diagnosed in accordance with the 2008 WHO criteria. Therefore, the NK-LL group consisted of 4 patients (3 men and 1 woman) aged 29, 40, 59, and 82. Results. All patients had total bone marrow blast metaplasia (> 70 %) and extramedullary lesions in the form of generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, lesions of skin, tonsils, mediastinum, and CNS in the form of neuroleukemia. Cytochemical response in blast cells to myeloperoxidase, lipids, and nonspecific esterase was negative. In all patients, expression of CD56 antigen (69.8-99.1 %) and T-associated CD7 antigen (66.2-92.0 %) were found on blast cells. There was no expression of myeloid, T- and B-lymphoid antigens. In one patient, the PCR demonstrated no T-cell receptor gene chain rearrangement. The cytogenetic study was not performed in any patient. Induction therapy of NK-LL patients was carried out mainly according to treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The complete remission (1 and 7 months) was achieved in 2 patients. The longest remission (20 months) was obtained using a combined regime RACOP for the treatment of a relapse. The life span after the diagnosis (beginning from the date on the initiation of therapy) was 1, 5, 17, and 29 months. Conclusion. The analysis demonstrates low efficacy of current regimens for treatment of NK-LL. The treatment success seems to depend on timely and accurate diagnosis of this complex, aggressive malignant tumor, as well as on development of new therapeutic approaches.
A Predetermined Proportional Gains Eigen Selection Index Method
Authors: Cerón‐Rojas J. Jesus , Crossa José , Toledo Fernando H. , Sahagún‐Castellanos Jaime
Published: June 2016

The most general linear phenotypic selection index (PSI) is the predetermined proportional gains phenotypic selection index (PPG‐PSI) that allows imposing restrictions on the trait expected genetic gain values to make some traits change their mean values based on a predetermined level, while the rest of the traits remain without restrictions. However, due to the increasing number of restricted traits: (i) PPG‐PSI accuracy decreases; (ii) the proportional constant associated with this index can be negative, in which case, its results have no meaning in practice; and (iii) the PPG‐PSI can shift the population means in the opposite direction to the predetermined desired direction. Based on the eigen selection index method (ESIM), we propose a PPG‐ESIM that does not require a proportional constant, and due to the properties associated with eigen analysis, it is possible to use the theory of similar matrices to change the direction of the eigenvector values without affecting PPG‐ESIM accuracy, which helps to eliminate the problem indicated in the third point above, associated with the standard PPG‐PSI. The PPG‐ESIM uses the first eigenvector as its vector of coefficients, and the first eigenvalue in the selection response. Two simulated and one real data set, each with four traits, were used to validate PPG‐ESIM efficiency vs. PPG‐PSI efficiency; the simulated and real results indicated that PPG‐ESIM efficiency was higher than PPG‐PSI efficiency. We concluded that PPG‐ESIM is an efficient selection index that can be used in any selection program as a good alternative to PPG‐PSI.
Competitiveness regulation of dairy products production in the Crimea
Authors: Volodkina Anna Andreevna
Published: June 2016

The article outlines the results of studying the major problems concerning supporting competitiveness and quality of dairy products in the Crimea. The researchers compared the level of competitiveness of the dairy enterprise ltd. «Бег» with other brands of milk and suggested measures to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of competitiveness management of dairy products in this region.
PR methods and tools for the formation of a company popularity
Authors: Kasaeva Aleksandra Yuryevna , Kuznecova Evgeniya Alekseevna
Published: June 2016

Nowadays the problems concerning the formation of a firm reputation are gaining a greater topicality. The developed means of communication strategy play the most important role in this process. The PR means are especially significant, and they are considered as public relations. Not to be expelled by competitors, each company must maintain its popularity and be flexible, that is a sign of dynamically developed economy.
The priorities of Russian migration policy in terms of external labor migration management
Authors: Sviridenko Darya Andreevna
Published: June 2016

The article deals with purposes facing to Russian legislation in the field of regulation of international labor migration. The current state of legislation is briefly described, the positive and negative aspects are considered. The authors compared two migrant flow control systems and outlined their features.
On the obstacles and solutions in the application of Chinese criminal legal aid system
Authors: Wang Shaojia
Published: June 2016

The article discovers the problem of application of Chinese legal aid system, which is very low. The problem should be solved as below. The author suggests strengthening the education to investigators, changing the way of employing legal aid lawyers and clarify the content of the right informing and applying for legal aid system. These actions application might well improve the situation.
N.A. Hans activity in the magazine «Sovremennyje zapiski»
Authors: Kirzhaeva Vera Petrovna , Osovskiy Oleg Efimovich , Marinichenko Alla Ivanovna
Published: June 2016

The article deals with the history of relations between «Sovremennyje zapiski» journal editorial board and N.A. Hans, the prominent activist of the Russian emigre social and pedagogical movement. The analyzed data give new information about the Russian emigre pedagogical journalism of 1920–30s.
Representation of the concept “Child” in Russian and English proverbs: compliance correlates
Authors: Rozhina Vera Anatolyevna
Published: June 2016

This article is an attempt to analyze the representation of the concept «Child» in the paremiological fund of Russian and English languages in terms of finding correlates of compliance.
Brazilian Health Biotechnology Innovation System: an essay about the public policy rationale
Authors: Bianchi Carlos
Published: June 2016

O surgimento da biotecnologia é uma das transformações mais importantes dos sistemas de inovação em saúde. Este artigo visa discutir a lógica das políticas públicas de promoção da biotecnologia para saúde humana no Brasil no período 2004-2014. Com base num exaustivo trabalho de revisão documental e levantamento primário de dados, o artigo salienta como as políticas públicas brasileiras seguiram um roteiro de desigual acumulação, onde convivem diferentes fundamentações teóricas para as políticas, sejam elas explícitas ou implícitas. A análise conclui com a discussão dos limites das políticas publica, salientando duas dimensões que afetam o alcance das mesmas: i) a mudança na orientação e na lógica das políticas, ii) que coloca novos desafios para a governança, os quais, por sua vez, requerem novas coordenações com outras políticas implícitas.