bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of State Expenditure on Education and on Student Academic Achievement
Authors: Kushebayev Zh. T. , Nygymetov G. S.
Published: January 2023

Due to the impact of quarantine measures against COVID-19, the quality of education in the country’s schools has decreased. This issue is relevant and is on the agenda from the administration of the Head of State to university rectors and teachers, school principals and educators, students and their parents. Most of the participants in the discussion believe that too little money is allocated to the school. This article examines the impact of government spending on education and on students’ academic achievements. According to the literature review, it was revealed that an increase in financial support for secondary schools from the state will lead to an increase in the quality of education. To solve these research questions, we used a correlation analysis between student academic performance and government spending, and household spending. On the basis of the selected variables, a correlation analysis was carried out by the method of rank correlation of the relationship between student performance and the amount of state funding for education. The study concluded that the success of students in education is influenced by non-financial factors, such as educational standards and appropriate teaching methods. At the same time, a paradoxical situation has been revealed, almost every year the government increases annual spending on education in secondary schools, but student academic performance is constantly falling. In addition, there was no strong statistical relationship between student performance and the amount of State funding for education. Therefore, the question arises about the effectiveness of the use of allocated public funds for education.
Personal and Professional Potential of a Modern Head of Local Executive Bodies
Authors: Turalin A. Z. , Turalina Zh. A. , Zhamantayeva A. U.
Published: January 2023

The article gives the personal characteristics of the heads of local executive bodies of the North Kazakhstan region. The analysis of the relationship between training at refresher courses and advanced training seminars and the career growth of administrative civil servants, and their professional competencies enhancement was carried out. The results of this analysis revealed the gender dimension of this relationship and made it possible to draw conclusions about the greater interest of male civil servants in career growth than female civil servants. The scientific research aims to develop new approaches to developing the personal and professional potential of the heads of local executive bodies - akims of rural districts. The study used information provided freely on the website of the akimat of the North Kazakhstan region, as well as materials for the test, written and oral surveys of students of the branch of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the North Kazakhstan region. The work used empirical research methods, such as observation, and comparison, in addition, statistical, factor and comparative analysis were used. The study results can be used in further scientific developments in writing a monograph. The study results were partially discussed at the international scientific and practical conference. In conclusion, new approaches were proposed to develop the personal and professional potential of the heads of local executive bodies - akims of rural districts.
Mechanisms for Improving Business Efficiency in the Context of Innovative Economic Development
Authors: Satpayeva Z. T. , Abzhan Zh. K. , Nurlikhina G. B. , Kozhamkulova I. Y.
Published: January 2023

The development of small and medium-sized businesses is the key to the development of the country’s economy. Innovative development of small and medium-sized businesses will not only increase output, and increase the amount of taxes to the budget, but also improve the socio-economic situation within the state. The unemployment rate among the population will decrease, the number of working people will increase, the income level will increase, the standard of living will improve, and the members of the middle class will increase. The purpose of the study in the article is to analyze the dynamics of the development of small and medium–sized businesses in the state, differentiate their innovation activity, and provide mechanisms that improve their efficiency. The study analyzed the main indicators of business entities for 2015-2020. The research base was based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the agency for Strategic Planning and reform of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the course of the research, general methods of Economic Science deduction, induction and logical structuring and grouping, comparison and statistical methods were used. As a result of the study, regulatory, innovative, financial, and infrastructure mechanisms for improving the efficiency of SMEs in the context of innovative development of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan were proposed. In the areas of each mechanism, measures were taken to develop innovative small and medium-sized businesses. The research material can be educational material for universities, the basis for business entities, and public administration bodies.
Social Consequences of the Growth of Kazakhstan’s Megapolises and Recommendations for Overcoming
Authors: Tleuberdinova A. , Nurlanova N. K. , Alzhanova F.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the article was to study changes in living conditions in megapolises as they grow, identify negative social consequences and develop recommendations for overcoming them. Methods of retrospective analysis, logical and comparative analysis, generalizations, methods of descriptive statistics, index, graphic, methods for assessing the improvement of the housing stock of megacities, the demographic capacity of the city were used. The analysis of changes in living conditions in Kazakhstan’s megacities as they grow is carried out. The social consequences of the growth of megacities are revealed: a decrease in the standard of living of residents of the southern capital; an increase in demand for housing and its higher cost; a decrease in the level of well-being in Almaty; poor environmental conditions, an increase in atmospheric pollution in conditions of high population density; a higher level of mortality of the urban population compared to the rural population during the pandemic; an increase in destructive behavior of young people. Recommendations are given to overcome the negative social consequences of uncontrolled urbanization. The necessity of developing a Strategy for the development of Kazakhstani cities is substantiated. Measures are recommended: to solve the problem of affordable housing for young families, specialists, orphans; to create jobs, modernize transport, communal and social infrastructure, to foster patriotism and social responsibility.
Assessment of the Level of Development of Internet Resources in Kazakhstan: Gender Aspect
Authors: Kangalakova D. M. , Ibragimova K. I. , Ibraimova S. Zh. , Nurbatsin A. S.
Published: January 2023

In recent years, in the pre-pandemic period, offline marketplaces are popular, and in the post-pandemic period, online marketplaces are becoming more popular. During the quarantine restriction, many enterprises began to adapt to online sales. The enterprise that was able to adapt remained active in the economy, and enterprises that were unable to adapt went bankrupt. Within the framework of this issue, the aim of the research article was to analyze the specifics of the interaction of Kazakhstani women entrepreneurs in online shopping. In the course of the study, in addition to scientific methods, the interviewing method was used. The interview was attended by 29 businesswomen from Almaty city. The business areas of women engaged in entrepreneurship included such areas as the trade in adult clothing, the sale of fabrics, fashion salons, and the sale of Korean cosmetics. The purpose of the interview is to identify the reasons, and features of the work of Kazakhstani women on online marketplaces and identify the advantages and disadvantages of trading on offline marketplaces. The results of the interview can be used to achieve efficiency in organizing the work of the online marketplace. In addition, knowing the views of women, the potential of women in the regions of the state can be used to formulate policies aimed at developing the economy. That is, with the help of online work of women, it is necessary to influence the unemployment rate in the regions, and increase the source of income and other quality of life.
Sustainable Development of Organic Agriculture in Kazakhstan: Regional Сontex
Authors: Bespayeva R. S. , Karabassov R. A. , Nurmukhametov N. N. , Bugubayeva R. O.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the rural territory of Kazakhstan and the Akmola region. The study is classified as a desk (marketing) study, the collection and analysis of secondary (preliminary) information was carried out, in particular, data from the FAO statistical yearbook and the website of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic were used to review and analyze the indicators Kazakhstan. Based on official statistics, an analysis of the state of the rural territory of Kazakhstan and the Akmola region was carried out. The indicators are considered as the gross regional product per capita of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the structure of the gross regional product of the Akmola region, the level of self-sufficiency in agricultural products of the Akmola region, the leading indicators of the development of rural areas of the Akmola region, the harvested area of maagrarianral crops by types of the EAEU countries. The results of the above study - the current relevance of ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas is due, on the one hand, to the growing economic and social lag of the rural regions, and on the other hand, their exceptional importance for the nation in such matters as food security, conservation of soil and environmental resources, the use of agricultural, industrial and labour resources, and their potential.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Public Sector Productivity Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Gimmy Leo Jonathan
Published: January 2023

This paper examined the impact of information and communication technology on public sector productivity growth from 2000 to 2019 in Nigeria. It also explained the effects of past or lag productivity growth values on current productivity growth in Nigeria. The paper employed the autoregressive model and technique to estimate and analyze the data. The study reviewed relevant literature on the impact of ICT on productivity. The literature review suggests that ICT is positively related to productivity, but a large number of studies have not demonstrated that in Nigeria. The results revealed that ICT had a significant positive impact on public sector productivity growth in Nigeria. The result also indicated that past-period productivity growth significantly influences current-period public sector productivity growth in Nigeria. That explained the autoregressive nature of productivity growth. The paper also provided evidence that capital, labour, education output and foreign direct investment significantly influence public sector productivity growth in Nigeria. The policy recommendations of the paper include that the Public Sector should be provided with more ICT investments and infrastructures by the Government to optimize ICT potential in the country. The Government should upgrade the ICT skills deficiency among employees in the Public Sector to improve performance, to mention but few.
PATHS TAKEN FOR MATHEMATICAL ARGUMENTATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF MATHEMATICAL POEMS
Authors: Luis Santos André , José Wharta Edson
Published: January 2023

Literary writing is the democratic form of inclusion and development of student aptitude, in which everyone can participate, it is a challenging and stimulating pedagogical activity, in addition to enhancing the development of skills and competencies for meaningful and reflective learning with Mathematics . The school is a space for this “habit-forming force, as it provides those who are directly or indirectly subjected to its influence, not so much particular and particularized thought schemes, but a general disposition that generates particular schemes capable of being applied in different contexts”. different fields of thought and action which can be called cultivated habutus”. (Bourdieu, 2005, p.211). The objective of the article is to present reports of experience of encouraging literary writing with Mathematics with students of the 9th year of Elementary School, stimulating in them the taste for reading and writing with the culture of reading more and writing better, turning to the Mathematics area. The present research also reflects on the importance of the creative didactic transposition of Mathematics contents in the school environment and emphasizes the need for teachers to be equipped to build this knowledge in an innovative and integrated way to the students’ daily lives. in a private teaching unit in Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe, specifically with 9th grade students. The applied methodology is Brainstorming. This technique consists of showing that the student can create a list of ideas on a topic, pointing out everything they can think of on a given topic or subject, transporting it to the types of literary genres: poetry, short stories, chronicles, associating these categories for the universe of Mathematics such as: numbers, geometry, magnitudes and measurements, algebra and statistics. Using mathematical concepts and language for the formulation and writing of texts. Thus contributing for the student to think, do differently, lead to the fantastic world of mathematical knowledge.
The influence of soils on the growth and development of agricultural crops
Authors: Asylbayev Ilgiz , Nurlygayanov Razit , Sevostyanov Mikhail , Kuznetsov Igor , Islamgulov Damir , Alimgafarov Rail , Akhiyarov Bulat , Avsakhov Firdavis
Published: January 2023

In the process of growth and development, cultivated plants synthesize dry matter with the removal of mineral nutrition elements from the soil. First of all, the root-inhabited soil layer should be rich in elements of mineral nutrition, and their economic removal as a result of alienation, as a grown crop, requires the return of these elements back to the soil in order to increase its fertility and ensure the productivity of the upcoming crop. The purpose of the research is to evaluate soils with additional components in the first periods of the life of field crops. The research was carried out under artificial conditions in a phytotron and in a Smart greenhouse of the BGAU with peas, spring wheat and oats. In the control variant with increased acidity of the soil, oats (57.0%), spring wheat (37%), and peas (32%) differed with the highest productivity and survival of plants. The addition of zeolite to the soil soil increased the productivity of peas by 34%, spring wheat - by 27%, oats – by 24.0%. The introduction of phosphogypsum into the soil soil increased these indicators by 38, 31 and 30%, respectively. The most effective option was to enrich the soil with defecate. The increase in pea plants was 44%, spring wheat – 36%, oats - 34%. Keywords: GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, SOIL, PHOSPHOGYPSUM, DEFECATE, ZEOLITE, GERMINATION, SPRING WHEAT, PEAS, OATS
Pengolahan Citra Digital Untuk Identifikasi Jenis Penyakit Kulit Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Ria Sona Nova , Walid Miftahul , Umam Busro Akramul
Published: January 2023

Skin disease is the most common disease and the fastest to infect the human body. This happens because the skin is the first organ to receive external stimuli in the form of touch, temperature and other stimuli. Skin diseases consist of several types that have almost the same color and texture with the naked eye. Thus, an approach is needed to identify the type of skin disease with the help of an image processing system, and an artificial neural network. The identification method used in this research is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The infected skin image is used as an input image for image processing. Before being identified, image preprocessing is done, namely resizing, grayscalling, using the Convolutional Neural Network method. The testing process in this study uses 70 types of skin disease images, validation data and 35 types of skin disease images for testing data. The results of this study are the Convolutional Neural Network method can recognize each type of skin disease image with an accuracy of 98% in the validation testing process and 85% in the testing process.

Keywords : Skin disease, Convolutional Neural Network, Digital Image Processing
Analisis Beban Kerja Pada Bagian Tata Usaha Puskesmas Probolinggo Menggunakan Metode WLA
Authors: Gustian Arisandi Dwi , Tismawati Tismawati , Haryono Haryono
Published: January 2023

Analisa beban kerja pada kantor dan bagian administrasi sebuah puskesmas kota probolinggo perlu dilakukan. Beberapa petugas nampak bekerja santai sedangkan yang lain tidak, dan beberapa pekerja tidak memulai bekerja tepat waktu dan mengakhiri kerja lebih awal. Nampak bahwa pada bagian tertentu terjadi penumpukan kerja dan tidak pada bagian lain, hal ini sepertinya kerana pekerja tidak dapat mengatur kerja sesuai jadwal kerja yang sudah ditetapkan. Dengan menggunakan analisa beban kerja dapat dipastikan bahwa pekerja telah bekerja dengan baik atau belum. Dari hasil analisa diketahui bahwa beberapa pekerja telah bekerja melebihi kapasitas (over load) kerja yang seharusnya dan beberapa pekerja masih bekerja santai.
Analisis Desain Emosional pada Pembelajaran Online
Authors: Agustin Atiya Arifiyana , Dewi Dyah Santhi
Published: January 2023

Pembelajaran online memanfaatkan multimedia sebagai media pembelajaran. Faktor emosional banyak diabaikan dalam penelitian multimedia learning. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa faktor emosional memberikan pengaruh yang kecil pada learning outcomes tetapi berpengaruh besar terhadap motivasi pelajar dan kemauan untuk belajar. Oleh karena itu, faktor emosional layak diteliti lebih lanjut pengaruhnya pada multimedia learning. Multimedia learning yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa powerpoint (PPT) dan video. Faktor emosional diukur dengan menggunakan metode PANAVA-KS. Desain multimedia learning terbaik yaitu desain yang dapat membantu menemukan desain multimedia learning yang dapat membangkitkan emosi yang positif sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang baik
La informalidad y la evasión tributaria en las MYPEs del distrito de Santo Tomas, Cutervo, Cajamarca – 2021
Authors: Vásquez Tapia Ciro , Vásquez Baca Keidy Maely
Published: January 2023

La investigación se denominó la informalidad y la evasión tributaria en las MYPES del distrito de Santo Tomas, Cutervo, Cajamarca – 2021; siendo el objetivo hallar la relación entre las variables informalidad y evasión tributaria; para lo cual se usó la investigación de tipo aplicada, siendo el diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de nivel correlacional, siendo la técnica la encuesta y los instrumentos los cuestionarios; la muestra se formó por 78 emprendedores se halló que entre las variables existe un índice de relación de 0.540 siendo esta moderada, se aprecia también que la relación es significativa ya que la significancia es menor que 0.01; por lo que se concluye que entre las variables existe relación y que las mejoras realizadas en una afectaran directamente a la otra.
La contabilidad gerencial y las decisiones financieras en las MYPEs del distrito de Lamas, Perú - 2022
Authors: Lozano Reátegui Sandro Jesús , Torres Díaz Yanina , Bernales Vásquez Renán , Bautista Fasabi Jhon , Villafuerte de la Cruz Avelino
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación que existe entre la contabilidad gerencial y las decisiones financieras en las MYPEs del distrito de Lamas, Perú - 2022. La metodología utilizada fue la selección de antecedentes de las variables en mención, para ello, se buscó en repositorios oficiales y revistas indexadas. El estudio fue de tipo aplicada, con un diseño de investigación no experimental de corte transversal, con un alcance descriptivo correlacional, con la aplicación de dos cuestionarios como instrumento de recolección de datos, los mismos que fueron validados por profesionales expertos, con calificación aplicable, con una muestra 40 MYPEs del distrito de Lamas. Respeto al resultado obtenido según el objetivo planteado el valor de p fue de 0,00, es decir menor a 0.01 que es el margen de error y el coeficiente de correlación de Rho Spearman fue de 0.708, por lo tanto, se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis del estudio. Concluyéndose que: Existe relación significativa entre la contabilidad gerencial y las decisiones financieras en las MYPEs del distrito de Lamas, Perú - 2022.
KAROMAH KH KHOTIB BIN ABDURRAHEM DI DESA CANGKRENG, KECAMATAN LANTENG KABUPATEN SUMENEP (Tinjauan Sastra Lisan)
Authors: Zuhri Syaifudin
Published: January 2023

Wali adalah hamba Allah yang dikenal sebagai wali atau orang yang memiliki kemampuan khusus dalam berdakwah sebagai ekspresi keagamaan yang masih ada di masyarakat tertentu. Masyarakat memberi hormat kepada orang-orang kudus tidak hanya saat mereka hidup, tetapi juga berlanjut ketika mereka mati. Nasihat para wali dalam berdakwah diharapkan hadir bagi masyarakat karena baginya menjadi sumber pedoman da- lam hidup. KH Khotib adalah salah satunya mereka, ia disegani dan dikenal oleh masyara- kat di Desa Cangkreng dan sekitarnya, sebagai wali dan memiliki kemampuan khusus (karomah), kemampuan khusus ini memiliki pengaruh tersendiri bagi KH Khotib kegiatan dakwah di masyarakat, dari itu sesuai dengan pertanyaan pertama, Apa itu karomah KH Khotib di mata masyarakat? Kedua, bagaimana efektivitas KH. Khotib bin Abdurrahem untuk kegiatan dakwah di masyarakat Cangkreng? Teori yang digunakan dalam menganalisis masalah ini menggunakan teori Jan Harold Brunand yang membagi tiga jenis: legenda berdasarkan pokok cerita, yaitu: legenda aga- ma, legenda alam gaib dan legenda / tempat individu. Masyarakat Muslim memiliki ban- yak jenis legenda keagamaan. Legenda agama berisi legenda dengan subjek cerita: orang- orang di masa lalu yang dianggap suci, saleh atau orang-orang yang berjuang untuk me- nyebarkan agama. Keunikan legenda ulama adalah tema dalam cerita, sebagian besar isi cerita adalah tentang kekuatan supranatural karakter di masa lalu. Dan menggunakan Teori strategi dakwah sentimental al-Bayanuni, yaitu dakwah yang menitikberatkan pada aspek hati dan menggerakkan perasaan dan pikiran mitra dakwah.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah KH Khotib menjadi wali karena ketakwaannya, kon- sistensi dan karakter. Artinya, manusia membutuhkannya ketika mengalami kesulitan, ketika dia berdoa kepada Allah dan ketika dia membutuhkan nasihat agama. Semua orang tawajjuh kepada Allah melalui dia sebagai media.
PERISTIWA KOMUNIKASI, NILAI, DAN MAKNA SIMBOLIK RITUAL PETIK LAUT PADA KOMUNITAS NELAYAN DI DESA PADELEGAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN
Authors: Laily Thariqatul
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Padelegan Village is one of the villages located in Pademawu sub-district, North Sumatra regency Pamekasan. One example of ritual communication is Petik Laut. Petik Laut is a ritual that occurs in fishing communities.Petik Laut is a tradition that involves communication during the program. Petik Laut is a culture of local wisdom and is carried out from generation to generation. Petik Laut is held as a form of gratitude to those in power for the sustenance that has been given. Communication events (communicative event), the basis of which aims to explain the words in detail, describe in other words the analysis of events is a basic communication activity. The communication event has 8 components called SPEAKING. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with ethnographic research design. The method was chosen based on the fact that the relationship between the categories and the data in this study will only be highlighted and explained in detail by the method.
SPORTS MOTIVATION AND USE OF LOCATIONAL SOCIAL MEDIA THROUGH GPS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Khan Shagufta Akhtar , Nizami Rahila , Parmar Vishnu
Published: January 2023

The present study is an effort to check out the association among motivation and the use of Location-based social media by the young athletes of private universities at Lahore. The lack of communication bound the sports community and young athletes. To fill this gap location-based social media is the best option because athletes and fans can share sports related activities, comments, photos, videos etc during different matches. This problem statement is based on personal observation and experience of the researcher. The rapid growth of social media and location-based social media platforms has highlighted the need to understand the audiences that are utilizing these mediums and the types of social sharing that they are involved with. Sports organizations and personnel can utilize that information to plan and conduct sports related activities accordingly. Motivate and attract more people towards sports so that they can engage in sports and get benefits of healthy and active lifestyle.

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of sports motivation with using location-based social media by young male and female athletes at the university level.

Methodology: The Quantitative / Survey research was carried out through online web generated surveys/forms in two private sector universities, UOL (University of Lahore) and UCP (University of Central Punjab). Stratified sampling was done. A total number of 101 young athletes between 18-39 years of age from these two private sector universities participated in this study.  Verified rating scales about motivation and usage of location-based social media were used to find out the association of sports motivation with using location-based social media by the young athletes at the university level.

Main Findings: Findings revealed that there is a significant positive relation between the sports motivation and the use of location-based social media by young athletes thus promoting the sports community desires and popularity among these athletes. Not much research is done to explore the location-based social media use in sports activities. The study will also be helpful for sports field and associations to make strong communication among sports or young athletes.

Application of this study: Sports authorities can get detailed information about athletes, fans, coaches and players. Chalk out the trends, likes and dislikes of people of specific areas. It will be easy for them to offer their services and products accordingly.  

Novelty of this study: Research on location-based social media is very rare internationally and almost a new area for research in Pakistan.
THE EMERGING SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE OF THE 21ST CENTURY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Gula Louie Petere
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study: This study aims to identify the following factors that affect the physical inactivity of the students in Saint Joseph College aged 12- 16 years old. It aims to understand the impact of this crisis and how to address this pressing issue.

 

Materials and methods: A descriptive- survey research design was utilized to document the respondents' behavior, demographics, and experiences correlated to the questions provided. The questionnaire includes 15-item questions that seek to gather information on their basic profile, current experiences, and behavior towards physical activities.

 

Results: The study discovers that teenagers aged 12-16 years old are inactive in physical activities and sports due to some reasons like the exposure of too much time on gadgets, whether the activity provides a fun and offers socialization, lack of motivation, occupied schedules for other matters, the COVID-19 pandemic, costly sports equipment on the sports of their interest, the unavailability of playing area, and lastly health concerns.

 

Conclusions: Therefore, physical inactivity only alleviates certain issues, physically, mentally, spiritually, and socially. Physical inactivity is the result of demotivated individuals, physical illiteracy, prolonged screen-time, and health issues.
INFLUENCE OF COACHING STYLES UPON PLAYERS’ PERFORMANCE
Authors: Qureshi Alamgir Khan , Zafar Iqbal Butt Muhammad , Jamil Muhammad
Published: January 2023

Current study was initiated for the purpose to assess the influence of different coaching styles on athletic performance. Population of the study was comprised of Hockey players of Registered Hockey Clubs of District Bannu KP, Pakistan. 128 hockey players were taken as sample of the study by using available sampling technique. A self-made likert type was used for the collection of relevant data. The collected data were processed through statistical package for social science (SPSS, version 26).  Based on data analysis the researcher concluded that coaching styles have a significant influence upon field hockey player’s performance. In addition, the researcher also concluded that supportive coaching styles has more positive influence upon field hockey player’s performance
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Atta Hira , Nazir Tahir , Mushtaq Mudassar
Published: January 2023

The aim of the present research was to find out how college students felt about Physical Education as a subject. The investigation was conducted using a quantitative approach. A questionnaire was created, and responses were collected using a 5 point Likert scale. Total 300 college students were randomly sampled using random sampling techniques (200 males and 100 females). According to the findings of this research, both genders had favorable Attitudes of Physical Education as a subject during their college years. Physical Education was appreciated by the students as a source of fitness, mental health, and fun.

Keywords: Attitude, Physical Education, college students
PENERAPAN METODE LEARNING BY DOING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA (SPEAKING SKILL) PADA MATERI PROCEDURE TEXT DI KELAS IXC
Authors: MUHIMMAH BAIQ DEWI
Published: January 2023

This research is a Classroom Action Research which aims to improve students' speaking skills through the application of the Learning By Doing Method. Implementation Action research was carried out in 2 cycles where each cycle consisted of 4 stages namely Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. This study aims to improve speaking skills in procedure text material in class IXC at SMP Negeri 3 Praya. The results of data analysis showed that there was an increase in the percentage of completeness from the pre-cycle, namely 52% to 64% in cycle I, then there was an increase in Return in cycle II to 84%. This proves that the Learning by Doing Learning Model can help improve students' speaking skills, especially in Procedure Text material for class IX C, Praya 3 Public Middle School, 2022/2023 Academic Year.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara (Speaking Skill) peserta didik melalui penerapan Metode Learning By doing. Pelaksanaan Tindakan penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus di mana tiap siklusnya terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Observasi, dan Refleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara (speaking skill) pada materi procedure text di kelas IXC SMP Negeri 3 Praya. Adapun hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada prosentasi ketuntasan dari Pra siklus yakni 52 % menjadi 64% pada siklus I, selanjutnya terjadi peningkatan Kembali pada siklus II menjadi 84%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Model Pembelajaran Learning by Doing dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara (Speaking Skill) pada peserta didik khususnya pada materi Procedure Text kelas IX C SMP Negeri 3 Praya Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023.
Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl−) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations
Authors: Pawar Pooja V. , Ghude Sachin D. , Govardhan Gaurav , Acharja Prodip , Kulkarni Rachana , Kumar Rajesh , Sinha Baerbel , Sinha Vinayak , Jena Chinmay , Gunwani Preeti , Adhya Tapan Kumar , Nemitz Eiko , Sutton Mark A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) was an intensive field
campaign conducted at Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) Delhi,
India, in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the winter of 2017–2018.
Here, we report the first comparison in South Asia of high-temporal-resolution simulation of ammonia (NH3) along with ammonium
(NH4+) and total NHx (i.e., NH3+ NH4+) using
the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem)
and measurements made using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient
Air (MARGA) at the WiFEX research site. In the present study, we
incorporated the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry
(MOSAIC) aerosol scheme into WRF-Chem. Despite simulated total NHx
values and variability often agreeing well with the observations, the model
frequently simulated higher NH3 and lower NH4+ concentrations than the observations. Under the winter conditions of high
relative humidity (RH) in Delhi, hydrogen chloride (HCl) was found to
promote the increase in the particle fraction of NH4+ (which
accounted for 49.5 % of the resolved aerosol in equivalent units), with
chloride (Cl−) (29.7 %) as the primary anion. By contrast, the
absence of chloride (HCl / Cl−) chemistry in the standard WRF-Chem model results in the prediction of sulfate (SO42-) as the
dominant inorganic aerosol anion. To understand the mismatch associated with
the fraction of NHx in the particulate phase (NH4+ / NHx),
we added HCl / Cl− to the model and evaluated the influence of its
chemistry by conducting three sensitivity experiments using the model: no
HCl, base case HCl (using a published waste burning inventory), and
3 × base HCl run. We found that 3 × base HCl increased the
simulated average NH4+ by 13.1 µg m−3 and NHx by
9.8 µg m−3 concentration while reducing the average NH3 by
3.2 µg m−3, which is more in accord with the measurements. Thus
HCl / Cl− chemistry in the model increases total NHx concentration,
which was further demonstrated by reducing NH3 emissions by a factor of
3 (−3 × NH3_EMI) in the 3 × base HCl
simulation. Reducing NH3 emissions in the 3 × base HCl
simulation successfully addressed the discrepancy between measured and
modeled total NHx. We conclude that modeling the fate of NH3 in
Delhi requires a correct chemistry mechanism accounting for chloride
dynamics with accurate inventories of both NH3 and HCl emissions.
Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of isoprene and monoterpenes and their secondary organic aerosol in Delhi, India
Authors: Bryant Daniel J. , Nelson Beth S. , Swift Stefan J. , Budisulistiorini Sri Hapsari , Drysdale Will S. , Vaughan Adam R. , Newland Mike J. , Hopkins James R. , Cash James M. , Langford Ben , Nemitz Eiko , Acton W. Joe F. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Mandal Tuhin , Gurjar Bhola R. ,   Shivani, Gadi Ranu , Lee James D. , Rickard Andrew R. , Hamilton Jacqueline F.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Isoprene and monoterpene emissions to the atmosphere are generally
dominated by biogenic sources. The oxidation of these compounds can lead to
the production of secondary organic aerosol; however the impact of this
chemistry in polluted urban settings has been poorly studied. Isoprene and
monoterpenes can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) heterogeneously via anthropogenic–biogenic
interactions, resulting in the formation of organosulfate (OS) and
nitrooxy-organosulfate (NOS) species. Delhi, India, is one of the most polluted
cities in the world, but little is known about the emissions of biogenic
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or the sources of SOA. As part of the DELHI-FLUX project, gas-phase
mixing ratios of isoprene and speciated monoterpenes were measured during
pre- and post-monsoon measurement campaigns in central Delhi. Nocturnal
mixing ratios of the VOCs were substantially higher during the post-monsoon
(isoprene: (0.65±0.43) ppbv; limonene: (0.59±0.11) ppbv;
α-pinene: (0.13±0.12) ppbv) than the pre-monsoon (isoprene:
(0.13±0.18) ppbv; limonene: 0.011±0.025 (ppbv); α-pinene: 0.033±0.009) period. At night, isoprene and monoterpene
concentrations correlated strongly with CO during the post-monsoon
period. Filter samples of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in
diameter (PM2.5) were collected and the OS and NOS content analysed
using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
(UHPLC-MS2). Inorganic sulfate was shown to facilitate the formation of
isoprene OS species across both campaigns. Sulfate contained within OS and
NOS species was shown to contribute significantly to the sulfate signal
measured via AMS. Strong nocturnal enhancements of NOS species were observed
across both campaigns. The total concentration of OS and NOS species contributed
an average of (2.0±0.9) % and (1.8±1.4) % to the total
oxidized organic aerosol and up to a maximum of 4.2 % and 6.6 %
across the pre- and post-monsoon periods, respectively. Overall, this study
provides the first molecular-level measurements of SOA derived from isoprene
and monoterpene in Delhi and demonstrates that both biogenic and
anthropogenic sources of these compounds can be important in urban areas.
The paradox of assessing greenhouse gases from soils for nature-based solutions
Authors: Vargas Rodrigo , Le Van Huong
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Quantifying the role of soils in nature-based solutions requires accurate estimates of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. Technological advances
allow us to measure multiple GHGs simultaneously, and now it is possible to provide complete GHG budgets from soils (i.e., CO2, CH4,
and N2O fluxes). We propose that there is a conflict between the convenience of simultaneously measuring multiple soil GHG fluxes at fixed
time intervals (e.g., once or twice per month) and the intrinsic temporal variability in and patterns of different GHG fluxes. Information derived from
fixed time intervals – commonly done during manual field campaigns – had limitations to reproducing statistical properties, temporal dependence,
annual budgets, and associated uncertainty when compared with information derived from continuous measurements (i.e., automated hourly measurements)
for all soil GHG fluxes. We present a novel approach (i.e., temporal univariate Latin hypercube sampling) that can be applied to provide insights
and optimize monitoring efforts of GHG fluxes across time. We suggest that multiple GHG fluxes should not be simultaneously measured at a few fixed
time intervals (mainly when measurements are limited to once per month), but an optimized sampling approach can be used to reduce bias and
uncertainty. These results have implications for assessing GHG fluxes from soils and consequently reduce uncertainty in the role of soils in
nature-based solutions.
Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems Estuary: the EDoM campaign
Authors: van Maren Dirk S. , Maushake Christian , Mol Jan-Willem , van Keulen Daan , Jürges Jens , Vroom Julia , Schuttelaars Henk , Gerkema Theo , Schulz Kirstin , Badewien Thomas H. , Gerriets Michaela , Engels Andreas , Wurpts Andreas , Oberrecht Dennis , Manning Andrew J. , Bailey Taylor , Ross Lauren , Mohrholz Volker , Horemans Dante M. L. , Becker Marius , Post Dirk , Schmidt Charlotte , Dankers Petra J. T.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. An extensive field campaign, the Ems-Dollard Measurements (EDoM), was executed in the Ems Estuary,
bordering the Netherlands and Germany, aimed at better understanding the
mechanisms that drive the exchange of water and sediments between a relatively exposed outer estuary and a hyper-turbid tidal river. More specifically, the reasons for the large up-estuary sediment accumulation rates and the role of the tidal river on the turbidity in the outer estuary were insufficiently understood. The campaign was designed to unravel the hydrodynamic and sedimentary exchange mechanisms, comprising two hydrographic surveys during contrasting environmental conditions using eight concurrently operating ships and 10 moorings measuring for at least one spring–neap tidal cycle. All survey locations were equipped with sensors measuring flow velocity, salinity, and turbidity (and with stationary ship surveys taking water samples), while some of the survey ships also measured turbulence and
sediment settling properties. These observations have provided important new insights into horizontal sediment fluxes and density-driven exchange flows, both laterally and longitudinally. An integral analysis of these
observations suggests that large-scale residual transport is surprisingly
similar during periods of high and low discharge, with higher river
discharge resulting in both higher seaward-directed fluxes near the surface
and landward-directed fluxes near the bed. Sediment exchange seems to be
strongly influenced by a previously undocumented lateral circulation cell
driving residual transport. Vertical density-driven flows in the outer
estuary are influenced by variations in river discharge, with a near-bed
landward flow being most pronounced in the days following a period with
elevated river discharge. The study site is more turbid during winter
conditions, when the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) is pushed seaward by river
flow, resulting in a more pronounced impact of suspended sediments on
hydrodynamics. All data collected during the EDoM campaign, but also
standard monitoring data (waves, water levels, discharge, turbidity, and
salinity) collected by Dutch and German authorities are made publicly
available at 4TU Centre for Research Data (https://doi.org/10.4121/c.6056564.v3; van Maren et al., 2022).
Warm conveyor belts in present-day and future climate simulations – Part 2: Role of potential vorticity production for cyclone intensification
Authors: Binder Hanin , Joos Hanna , Sprenger Michael , Wernli Heini
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are strongly ascending, cloud- and precipitation-forming airstreams in extratropical cyclones. The intense cloud-diabatic processes produce low-level cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) along the ascending airstreams, which often contribute to the intensification of the associated cyclone. This study investigates how climate change affects the cyclones' WCB strength and the importance of WCB-related diabatic PV production for cyclone intensification, based on present-day (1990–1999) and future (2091–2100) climate simulations of the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE). In each period, a large number of cyclones and their associated WCB trajectories have been identified in both hemispheres during the winter season. WCB trajectories are identified as strongly ascending air parcels that rise at least 600 hPa in 48 h. Compared to ERA-Interim reanalyses, the present-day climate simulations are able to capture the cyclone structure and the associated WCBs reasonably well, which gives confidence in future projections with CESM-LE. However, the amplitude of the diabatically produced low-level PV anomaly in the cyclone centre is underestimated in the climate simulations, most likely because of reduced vertical resolution compared to ERA-Interim. The comparison of the simulations for the two climates reveals an increase in the WCB strength and the cyclone intensification rate in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in the future climate. The WCB strength also increases in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) but to a smaller degree, and the cyclone intensification rate is not projected to change considerably. Hence, in the two hemispheres cyclone intensification responds differently to an increase in WCB strength. Cyclone deepening correlates positively with the intensity of the associated WCB, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.68 (0.66) in the NH in the present-day (future) simulations and a coefficient of 0.51 (0.55) in the SH. The number of explosive cyclones with strong WCBs, referred to as C1 cyclones, is projected to increase in both hemispheres, while the number of explosive cyclones with weak WCBs (C3 cyclones) is projected to decrease. A composite analysis reveals that in the future climate C1 cyclones will be associated with even stronger WCBs, more WCB-related diabatic PV production, the formation of a more intense PV tower, and an increase in precipitation. They will become warmer, moister, and slightly more intense. The findings indicate that (i) latent heating associated with WCBs (as identified with our method) will increase, (ii) WCB-related PV production will be even more important for explosive cyclone intensification than in the present-day climate, and (iii) the interplay between dry and moist dynamics is crucial to understand how climate change affects cyclone intensification.
Analisis Nilai Proksimat Dan Nilai Indeks Glikemik Pada Cookies Dengan Penambahan Pasta Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas L. Poiret) Dan Tepung Oat (Avena Sativa) Dengan Perbedaan Suhu
Authors: NURFITRIANI NITA
Published: January 2023

Diabetes Mellitus merupakan penyakit degeratif yang terjadi akibat meningkatnya kadar gula darah dalam tubuh. Salah satu cara mencegah terjadinya penyakit degeratif yaitu dengan cara menjaga pola konsumsi makanan di masyarakat. Ubi jalar ungu dan oat merupakan makanan yang tinggi akan serat dan rendah karbohidrat dibandingkan dengan nasi. Karbohidrat yang ada di dalam ubi jalar ungu dan oat dikombinasikan dengan Teknik pengolahan pemanggangan sehongga di hasilkan produk cookies pasta ubi jalar ungu dan tepung oat sebagai alternatif snack bagi penderita diabetes mellitus.Penelitian ini merupakan true eksperimental dengan desain penelitian Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dua faktor yaitu formulasi cookies pasta ubi jalar ungu tepung oat (A1 = 30g:70g, A2 = 50g:50g, A3 = 70g:30g) dan suhu pemanggangan (W1 = 130℃, W2 = 140℃, W3 = 150℃). Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji two way anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT. Penelitian ini meliputi analisis proksimat dan nilai indeks glikemik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa analisa sidik ragam pada perlakuan ubi jalar ungu dan tepung oat dengan perbedaan temperatur berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air dan kadar lemak  (P>0,05). Sedangkan pada kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat dan energi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05). Indeks glikemik dari sampel A1W2 adalah 88,81%, A3W1 adalah 107,79% dan A3W2 adalah 65,42%. Cookies pasta ubi jalar ungu dan tepung oat termasuk dalam kategori indeks glikemik tinggi. Cookies pasta ubi jalar ungu dan tepung oat memiliki indeks glikemik yang tinggi dan berpotensi sebagai snack.