bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of CSF Analysis for the First Episode of Febrile Seizure among Children between Six Months to Five Years of Age
Authors: Shrestha Shree Krishna
Published: July 2010

Introduction: A febrile convulsion is defined as a seizure that occurs in association with fever in childrenfrom six months to five years of age, with no evidence of a central nervous system infection or otheridentifiable causes of seizure and no history of an afebrile seizure. Simple febrile seizures are brief(<15 minutes), generalized, and occur in association with fever and only once during a 24-hour periodwithout postictal pathology. Febrile Seizures have longer duration (>15 min), or have focal features or ifthey recur within 24 hours are defined as complex. In May 1996, the American Academy of Paediatrics(AAP) issued practice parameters regarding the neurodiagnostic evaluation of children with a first simplefebrile seizure, who present within 12 hours after the seizure. It may be due to meningitis. This studywas done to find out role of cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) analysis to rule out the meningitis in different agegroup of children presenting with first episode of fever with seizure. Design: A prospective study wascarried out from June 2008 to July 2009 at the Western Regional hospital, Department of Paediatrics,Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 110 hospitalized children between the age group five months to 5 years wereincluded in the study. Results: 16 (14.54%) children were diagnosed to have meningitis. In the agegroup of 6 – 12 months, 6 (21.4%) had meningitis while in 12-18 months, 6 out of 31 (19.3%) hadmeningitis and in more than 18 months age group only 4 out of 51 (7.84%) were detected with meningitis.Conclusion: In cases of apparent febrile seizure, meningitis should always be considered as a differentialdiagnosis. Lumbar puncture is must to rule out meningitis in all children between the ages of six monthsto eighteen months presenting with first episode of fever with seizure to rule out meningitis, even in theabsence of meningeal signs.Key words: Febrile convulsion; CSF; lumber puncture; meningitisDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2474J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 90-93
Bacteriological Analysis and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Blood Culture Isolates in Kanti Children Hospital
Authors: Karki Shubana , Rai Ganesh Kumar , Manandhar Rekha
Published: July 2010

Introduction: As antibiotic sensitivity pattern to common pathogen has been changing day by day, so ithas been necessary to study about bacteriological analysis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Therefore,the purpose of this study was to analyze on data on bacteremia in children, the pathogen involved andsensitivity pattern. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile andantibiotic sensitivity pattern of blood culture isolates from Kanti Children Hospital. Method: All bloodculture reports (n=9856) during one year period (April 2007 to March 2008) included in the study wereanalyzed and the sensitivity pattern were recorded. In this retrospective study, we reviewed records ofpatients from Kanti Children Hospital from April 2007 to March 2008. Results: The positivity of bloodculture was 4.2% (414/9856). Out of them, 269 (65%) were positive for Staphylococcus aures, 121(29.3%)E coli, 13(3.1%) Klebsiella pneumonia, 6(1.4%) Streptococcus pneumonia and 5(1.2%) Streptococcusviridence. Staphylococcus aureus was found most sensitive to Chloramphenicol (88.8%) followed byAmikacin (87.5%), Ofloxacin (76.5%), Ciprofloxacin (72%) and least sensitive to Ampicillin, Cloxacillin andPenicillin. E.coli was found most sensitive to Amikacin (74.7%) followed by Ofloxacin (69.9%), Ciprofloxacin(56.4%) and least sensitive to Cephalexin, Gentamycin and Ampicillin. Klebsiella pneumoniae wasfound most sensitive to Amikacin (91.7%) followed by Ofloxacin (87.5%), Chloramphenical (81.8%) andleast sensitive to Cotrimoxazole and Gentamycin. It is 100% resistance to Ampicillin and Erythromycin.Streptococcus pneumoniae was most sensitive to Penicillin, Chloramphenical (100%) followed byAmpicillin and Erythromycin (83.3%) and least sensitive to Cotrimoxazole. Streptococcus viridence wasmost sensitive to Chloramphenical (100%) followed by Erythromycin (80%), Penicillin (75%) and leastsensitive to Cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: This highlights the variable nature of antibiotic susceptibilitypatterns both in time and location around different geographical locations and within the same country aswell. Therefore, it is advisable to continuously evaluate the sensitivity-resistance pattern of isolates so asto make a rational use of antibiotics.Key words: Antibiotic sensitivity; bacteremia; blood culture; neonatal sepsis.DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2482J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 94-97
Psychiatric Morbidity Profiles of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Out-Patients in a Tertiary-Care Hospital
Authors: Shakya Dhana Ratna
Published: July 2010

Background: Psychiatric morbidity is ubiquitous, affecting children, adolescents and adults. Age factorsplay a great role in pattern of morbidity profile. Psychiatric morbidity profile of children and adolescentsmay indicate different needs and priorities. Objective: This study aims to sort out referral pattern, attitudeabout psychiatric referral and morbidity profile among child and adolescent psychiatric out-patients in atertiary-care general hospital. Methodology: A total of 100 consecutive child and adolescent patientsin psychiatry OPD coming into contact with investigator psychiatrist were enrolled during the studyperiod. Diagnoses were made according to the ICD-10. Results: Fifty three of the subjects were female,majority of the cases (79) were of age between 13-18 years. Main ethnicity-caste groups seeking carewere Mongol, Brahmin, Chhetri and indigenous Terai tribes. People from semi-urban and urban settingspredominated in this study. Great majority (more than 80%) had reached this service in the 4th or in morethan the 4th step of their help seeking. Most of the subjects were comfortable and happy about psychiatricreferral. More than half had presented mainly with physical and somatic complaints. Major psychiatricdiagnoses encountered were mood (affective), anxiety, seizure, dissociative conversion disorders andmental retardation. Four percent of subjects had suicidal behaviours and 17% migraine headache.Conclusion: Common psychiatric diagnoses among these child and adolescent out-patients are mood,anxiety, seizure, dissociative conversion disorders and mental retardation.Key words: Attitude to psychiatric consultation; child and adolescent; out-patient; psychiatric morbidityDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2604J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 79-84
Unilateral Pulmonary Aplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Prabina , Poudel Prakash , Sah Panna Lal
Published: July 2010

Chest X-Ray findings of unilateral lung or lobar collapse with a shift of mediastinal shift towards the affectedside may prompt differential diagnoses of suspected foreign body aspiration, mucus plug occlusion, andbronchial mass lesions. We must also consider the rare condition of pulmonary agenesis. It is one of therare congenital abnormalities in the development of the lungs in which there is complete absence of alung. We report a three month old child with right sided pulmonary aplasia.Key words: Agenesis lung; pulmonary aplasia; congenital abnormalityDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.2645J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 116-118
Avoiding Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism
Authors: Adhikari Neelam
Published: July 2010

DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.3448J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 77-78
Wilm’s Tumor: Ten Year Experience at Kanti Children’s Hospital
Authors: Sah Kailash Prasad , Rai Ganesh Kumar , Shrestha PN , Shrestha Amit
Published: July 2010

Introduction: Wilm's tumor is the second most common abdominal tumor in children. It arises from thekidney. The survival of children with Wilm's tumor has improved over the past 25 years. Objectives: Tostudy the clinical presentation of Wilm’s tumor and evaluate the ten year survival. Materials and Methods:A retrospective hospital based study was conducted at Kanti Children's Hospital from March 1998 toFebruary 2008. A total of 60 histopathologically diagnosed children below 14 yr of age were included inthe study. Results: About 2/3rd (66.5%) presented with abdominal swelling followed by abdominal pain(16.5%) and fever (13.5%). A few children manifested with red colored urine (3.5%). The age of childrenranged from one month to 13 years with the mean age of 36 months. Males were affected more than thefemales (M:F=3:1). Most affected age group was 2 to 5 yrs (41.5%) followed by 1 to 2 yrs (25.0%). Mostof the cases were in stage III (36.5%) followed by stage II (33.5%). SIOP protocol was used to treat thesechildren and overall 10 year survival rate was 50.0%. One fifth (20%) of the cases died, 16.5% relapsedand 13.5% lost to follow up. Conclusion: Despite severe resource limitations, paediatric oncology unit atKanti Children’s Hospital has been successfully treating Wilm's tumor with the success rate of 50.0%.Key words: Chemotherapy; Outcome; Remission; Wilm’s tumor; SIOP.DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.3449J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 85-89
Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Roka Yam B , Shrestha Manzil , Pandey Sagar R
Published: July 2010

Sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT) are tumors that arise in the sacrococcygeal area containing tissuefrom all three germ layers. SCT has an incidence of approximately one in 35,000 – 40,000 live birthswith malignant transformation with increasing age. We report a case in a four year old which was excisedcompletely via the postanal route with no operative or postoperative morbidity. The histopathology wasthat of yolk sac variant and she is planned for chemoradiotherapy.Key words: Childhood tumors; Sacrum; Sacrococcygeal teratomaDOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i2.3450J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. May-August, 2010 Vol 30(2) 113-115
Complex Permeability and Transport Properties of Zn Substituted Cu Ferrites
Authors: Maria Kazi Hanium , Choudhury Shamima , Hakim MA
Published: July 2010

Zn doped Cu ferrite of the composition Cu1-xZnxFe2O4 ferrites for x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5,0.6 prepared by standard double sintering ceramic technique. SEM micrograph of all the samplesrevealed that the grain sizes decrease gradually with the increase of Zn content and has greatinfluence on the magnetic and transport properties. Permeability is found to increase with increasein Zn content up to x = 0.4 and then slightly decreases with further increase in Zn. The values ofrelative quality factor (RFQ) changes with Zn concentration. Room temperature DC resistivitychanges significantly with Zn addition. The variation of the resistivity versus frequency was studiedand the dielectric constant of the system has a variation quite opposite to that of the AC resistivity.Dielectric constant shows the normal behaviour of the ferrite materials that can be explained by theinterfacial polarization as predicted by Maxwell and Wagner.Key words: Microstructure; Initial permeability; Dielectric constant; DC resistivityDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5486Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 1-8, 2010
Energy Dependence of Total Cross Section for Scattering of Helium Atoms from Isolated Atomic Steps
Authors: Sultana Kazi Shamim , Hafiz MZ
Published: July 2010

The scattering of helium atoms from growing metal. surfaces is dominated by the interactionbetween incident atoms and isolated surface steps. Understanding the process has been constrainedby the lack of both a realistic interaction potential and a satisfactory method for treating thescattering from a defect, which, because of the height difference of the adjoining terraces, extendsto infinity. We have calculated step scattering cross sections for Cu(001) surface. The calculationsmake use of realistic potentials that reproduce the scattering from low index planes and are createdfrom non-spherical, pairwise repulsive and attractive terms. The step scattering is isolated from thatof adjoining terraces using the linearity of summation of scattering amplitudes in the singlescattering regime. The results for equivalent step and terrace-site potentials give a total crosssection significantly less than the experimental value. The total cross section increases with heliumbeam energy, contrary to the expectations that it is dominated by scattering from the attractive partof the potential. The present work confirms the prediction of our previous study that not the Vander Waals interaction but the hard wall of the scattering potential dominates the step scattering.Key words: Energy dependence; Scattering; Helium atoms; Atomic stepsDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5489Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 23-31, 2010
Trend and Spatial Distribution of Air Particulate Matter Pollution in Dhaka City
Authors: Begum Bilkis A , Biswas Swapan K , Nasiruddin M
Published: July 2010

From the air particle (PM) collected from different locations of Dhaka city it has been foundthat about 30 - 50% of the PM10 mass (depending on location) is fine particles with aerodynamicdiameter less than 2.2 μm, which are mainly of anthropogenic origin and predominately fromtransport related sources. On the other hand, due to the meteorological reason and long-rangetransport during the wintertime, the PM concentrations remain much higher than the BangladeshNational Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).Key words: Spatial distribution; Air particulate matter; PollutionDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5490Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 33-48, 2010
Approximate Solution of a Fourth Order Weakly Non-Linear Differential System with Strong Damping and Slowly Varying Coefficients by Unified KBM Method
Authors: Uddin M Alhaz , Sattar MA
Published: July 2010

The unified Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii (KBM) method is used for determining theanalytical approximate solution of a fourth order weakly nonlinear differential system with strongdamping and slowly varying coefficients when a pair of eigen-values of the unperturbed equationis a multiple (approximately or perfectly) of the other pair or pairs. In a damped case, one of thenatural frequencies of the linearized equation may be a multiple of the other. The analytical firstorder approximate solution for different initial conditions shows a good coincidence with thoseobtained by the numerical procedure. The method is illustrated by an example.Key words: Perturbation method; Weak nonlinearity; Oscillatory process; Strong damping; Varying coefficientsDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5493Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 71-82, 2010
Contamination of Dhanmondi and Gulshan Lake Waters with Some Metals and Inorganic Pollutants
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Zamir , Kabir Gazi Md Ahsanul , Quraishi Shamshad Begum
Published: July 2010

Air, soil and water are continuously being polluted by the anthropogenic activities andsometimes by natural calamities. Among the three components, water pollution perhaps is the mostimportant one. The contamination of water resources and biota is of major concern especially inindustrialized countries because of the discharge of toxic, persistent and bio-accumulativesubstances from various sources. Household wastes dumped by the city dwellers contribute also toa great extent to the pollution of urban areas.Key words: Contamination; Lake waters; Metals; Inorganic pollutantsDOI: 10.3329/jbas.v34i1.5495Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.34, No.1, 89-93, 2010
Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Chitosan- MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and Drug Delivery
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyun , Nikles David E. , Brazel Christopher S.
Published: July 2010

Multifunctional nanoparticles composed of MnFe2O4 were encapsulated in chitosan for investigation of system to combine magnetically-triggered drug delivery and localized hyperthermia for cancer treatment with the previously published capacity of MnFe2O4 to be used as an efficient MRI contrast agent for cancer diagnosis. This paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, their dispersion in water and their incorporation in chitosan, which serves as a drug carrier. The surface of the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles was modified with meso-2,3-di-mercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) to develop stable aqueous dispersions. The nanoparticles were coated with chitosan, and the magnetic properties, heat generation and hydrodynamic size of chitosan-coated MnFe2O4 were evaluated for various linker concentrations and in a range of pH conditions.
Synthesis of Polymer—Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites
Authors: Wei Liangming , Hu Nantao , Zhang Yafei
Published: July 2010

Polymer nanocomposites show unique properties combining the advantages of the inorganic nanofillers and the organic polymers. The mesoporous silica nanofillers have received much attention due to their ordered structure, high surface area and ease for functionalization of the nanopores. To accommodate macromolecules, the nanopores lead to unusually intimate interactions between the polymer and the inorganic phase, and some unusual properties can be observed, when compared with nonporous fillers. Whereas many review articles have been devoted to polymer/nonporous nanofiller nanocomposites, few review articles focus on polymer/mesoporous silica nanocomposites. This review summarizes the recent development in the methods for synthesizing polymer/mesoporous silica nanocomposites based on the papers published from 1998 to 2009, and some unique properties of these composites are also described.
Preclinical Pharmacology of BA-TPQ, a Novel Synthetic Iminoquinone Anticancer Agent
Authors: Ezell Scharri J. , Li Haibo , Xu Hongxia , Zhang Xiangrong , Gurpinar Evrim , Zhang Xu , Rayburn Elizabeth R. , Sommers Charnell I. , Yang Xinyi , Velu Sadanandan E. , Wang Wei , Zhang Ruiwen
Published: July 2010

Marine natural products and their synthetic derivatives represent a major source of novel candidate anti-cancer compounds. We have recently tested the anti-cancer activity of more than forty novel compounds based on an iminoquinone makaluvamine scaffold, and have found that many of the compounds exert potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. One of the most potent compounds, BA-TPQ [(11,12),7-(benzylamino)-1,3,4,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinolin-8(1H)-one], was active against a variety of human cancer cell lines, and inhibited the growth of breast and prostate xenograft tumors in mice. However, there was some toxicity noted in the mice following administration of the compound. In order to further the development of BA-TPQ, and in a search for potential sites of accumulation that might underlie the observed toxicity of the compound, we accomplished preclinical pharmacological studies of the compound. We herein report the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of BA-TPQ, including its stability in plasma, plasma protein binding, metabolism by S9 enzymes, and plasma and tissue distribution. We believe these studies will be useful for further investigations, and may be useful for other investigators examining the use of similar compounds for cancer therapy.
The Tetrodotoxin Receptor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels—Perspectives from Interactions with μ-Conotoxins
Authors: French Robert J. , Yoshikami Doju , Sheets Michael F. , Olivera Baldomero M.
Published: July 2010

Neurotoxin receptor site 1, in the outer vestibule of the conducting pore of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), was first functionally defined by its ability to bind the guanidinium-containing agents, tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX). Subsequent studies showed that peptide μ-conotoxins competed for binding at site 1. All of these natural inhibitors block single sodium channels in an all-or-none manner on binding. With the discovery of an increasing variety of μ-conotoxins, and the synthesis of numerous derivatives, observed interactions between the channel and these different ligands have become more complex. Certain μ-conotoxin derivatives block single-channel currents partially, rather than completely, thus enabling the demonstration of interactions between the bound toxin and the channel’s voltage sensor. Most recently, the relatively small μ-conotoxin KIIIA (16 amino acids) and its variants have been shown to bind simultaneously with TTX and exhibit both synergistic and antagonistic interactions with TTX. These interactions raise new pharmacological possibilities and place new constraints on the possible structures of the bound complexes of VGSCs with these toxins.
Antifungal Activity of Extracts and Prenylated Coumarins Isolated from Baccharis darwinii Hook & Arn. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Kurdelas Rita R. , Lima Beatriz , Tapia Alejandro , Egly Feresin Gabriela , Gonzalez Sierra Manuel , Rodríguez María Victoria , Zacchino Susana , Enriz Ricardo D. , Freile Monica L.
Published: July 2010

The petroleum ether extract of Baccharis darwinii showed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Baccharis darwinii has resulted in the isolation of three coumarins: 5’-hydroxy aurapten (anisocoumarin H, 1), aurapten (7-geranyloxycoumarin, 2) and 5’-oxoaurapten (diversinin, 3). The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobialactivity against a panel of each, bacteria and fungi. Compound 3 showed the best activities against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MICs = 15.6 µg/mL, followed by compound 1 whose MICs against the same fungi were 62.5 µg/mL. In addition they showed fungicidal rather than fungistatic activity. Both compounds showed moderate activity (MICs = 125 µg/mL) against Cryptococcus neoformans. This is the first report of the presence of compound 1 in B. darwinii.
High-Dose Ibuprofen in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lands Larry C. , Dauletbaev Nurlan
Published: July 2010

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in North America and Europe. Most patients succumb to progressive lung disease characterized by an exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation. In animal models of chronic infection, high-dose ibuprofen was demonstrated to reduce inflammation without hindering bacterial clearance. This led to two clinical trials, which demonstrated a benefit in slowing the progression of lung disease in CF. However, concerns about potential adverse effects have limited the use of high-dose ibuprofen in CF patients. There are a variety of potential mechanisms to account for the observed clinical benefit. A better understanding of these mechanisms could potentially lead to more targeted and better-tolerated anti-inflammatory therapies.
Catalysts as Sensors—A Promising Novel Approach in Automotive Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment
Authors: Moos Ralf
Published: July 2010

Sensors that detect directly and in situ the status of automotive exhaust gas catalysts by monitoring the electrical properties of the catalyst coating itself are overviewed. Examples included in this review are the in-situ determination of the electrical impedance of three-way catalysts based on ceria-zirconia solutions and of lean NOx traps of earth-alkaline based coatings, as well as approaches to determine the ammonia loading in Fe-SCR-zeolites with electrical ac measurements. Even more sophisticated approaches based on interactions with electromagnetic waves are also reviewed. For that purpose, metallic stick-like antennas are inserted into the exhaust pipe. The catalyst properties are measured in a contactless manner, directly indicating the catalyst status. The radio frequency probes gauge the oxygen loading degree of three-way catalysts, the NOx-loading of lean NOx traps, and the soot loading of Diesel particulate filters
A Microring Resonator Sensor for Sensitive Detection of 1,3,5-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)
Authors: Orghici Rozalia , Lützow Peter , Burgmeier Jörg , Koch Jan , Heidrich Helmut , Schade Wolfgang , Welschoff Nina , Waldvogel Siegfried
Published: July 2010

A microring resonator sensor device for sensitive detection of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is presented. It is based on the combination of a silicon microring resonator and tailored receptor molecules.
Intelligent Chiral Sensing Based on Supramolecular and Interfacial Concepts
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Richards Gary J. , Ishihara Shinsuke , Izawa Hironori , Hill Jonathan P.
Published: July 2010

Of the known intelligently-operating systems, the majority can undoubtedly be classed as being of biological origin. One of the notable differences between biological and artificial systems is the important fact that biological materials consist mostly of chiral molecules. While most biochemical processes routinely discriminate chiral molecules, differentiation between chiral molecules in artificial systems is currently one of the challenging subjects in the field of molecular recognition. Therefore, one of the important challenges for intelligent man-made sensors is to prepare a sensing system that can discriminate chiral molecules. Because intermolecular interactions and detection at surfaces are respectively parts of supramolecular chemistry and interfacial science, chiral sensing based on supramolecular and interfacial concepts is a significant topic. In this review, we briefly summarize recent advances in these fields, including supramolecular hosts for color detection on chiral sensing, indicator-displacement assays, kinetic resolution in supramolecular reactions with analyses by mass spectrometry, use of chiral shape-defined polymers, such as dynamic helical polymers, molecular imprinting, thin films on surfaces of devices such as QCM, functional electrodes, FET, and SPR, the combined technique of magnetic resonance imaging and immunoassay, and chiral detection using scanning tunneling microscopy and cantilever technology. In addition, we will discuss novel concepts in recent research including the use of achiral reagents for chiral sensing with NMR, and mechanical control of chiral sensing. The importance of integration of chiral sensing systems with rapidly developing nanotechnology and nanomaterials is also emphasized.
Cómo valorar la internacionalidad de las revistas de Ciencias Humanas y su categorización en ERIH
Authors: Román-Román Adelaida , Giménez-Toledo Elea
Published: July 2010

La internacionalidad de las revistas cientíﬁcas es un elemento de la calidad que cada vez es más considerado por las agencias de evaluación de los méritos cientíﬁcos. Su análisis y evaluación plantea serias diﬁcultades, especialmente en las Humanidades. Se propone por ello, tras un repaso de los indicadores más utilizados en algunos de los trabajos publicados entre 1997 y 2007, aplicar aquellos que resultaron de utilización más frecuente y fueron menos controvertidos, a un conjunto de revistas cientíﬁcas españolas de Humanidades editadas por las universidades y por el CSIC. Se analizan en las revistas seleccionadas la composición internacional de los consejos cientíﬁcos, la internacionalidad de las contribuciones publicadas, y la presencia en bases de datos internacionales. Se aportan los resultados obtenidos por las revistas estudiadas y se inicia la discusión a partir de la comparación de éstos con los obtenidos por las mismas revistas en los listados ERIH, analizando las posibles causas de las discrepancias más destacables observadas. Se concluye con la necesidad de deﬁnir mejor y ampliar los indicadores para determinar de manera mas ajustada y objetiva los niveles de internacionalidad de las revistas, tanto en la elaboración de las listas ERIH, como, en general, en la valoración de los niveles de internacionalidad de las revistas de Humanidades, habida cuenta de la complejidad del fenómeno y de la conveniencia de que los procesos de evaluación estén basados en lo posible en mecanismos que puedan ser reproducibles.
Investigación y movilidad internacional: análisis de las estancias en centros extranjeros de los investigadores andaluces
Authors: Cañibano Carolina , Otamendi Javier , Solís Francisco
Published: July 2010

La movilidad temporal internacional de los investigadores es un importante mecanismo de difusión de conocimiento y emergencia y desarrollo de redes de colaboración cientíﬁca. El conocimiento empírico de este tipo de ﬂujos geográﬁcos es, sin embargo, muy limitado, debido a una generalizada escasez de datos en la mayoría de los países. En este trabajo recurrimos a la información de los currículos contenidos en el Sistema de Información Cientíﬁca de Andalucía para analizar las dinámicas de movilidad temporal internacional de los investigadores andaluces. Estudiamos a una población de más de 6.000 investigadores móviles y casi 18.000 estancias realizadas entre 1961 y 2009. El análisis revela signiﬁcativas tendencias de cambio a lo largo del tiempo en la frecuencia, duración y destino de las estancias, así como en las diferencias por género. Asimismo, pone de maniﬁesto marcadas diferencias en los perﬁles de movilidad por área de conocimiento. El trabajo constituye una contribución metodológica en la medida en que emplea por primera vez datos curriculares electrónicos para el estudio del fenómeno de la movilidad y de este tipo de tendencias.
Autorías, colaboración y patrones de citación de las revistas biomédicas editadas en España incluidas en el Journal Citation Reports (2003-2007)
Authors: González-Alcaide Gregorio
Published: July 2010

Se realiza un análisis bibliométrico de las revistas biomédicas editadas en España recogidas en el Journal Citation Reports entre 2003 y 2007. Se han analizado 12.335 trabajos, un 86,4 % publicados en once revistas editadas en español y un 13,59 % en cinco revistas editadas en inglés. La gran mayoría de revistas editadas en español son publicaciones oﬁciales de sociedades médicas, constituyendo un importante canal de comunicación cientíﬁca para sus miembros. Estas revistas aglutinan un importante número de grupos de investigación (n = 525), el 85,8 % de los trabajos de las mismas han sido ﬁrmados por centros asistenciales hospitalarios, con un predominio de la colaboración nacional y regional. En estas publicaciones, los trabajos realizados por los grupos de investigación identiﬁcados, aquellos con índices de colaboración más elevados y los trabajos en los que ha participado alguna mujer, presentan mayores tasas de citación. Por otra parte, las revistas editadas en inglés recogen fundamentalmente investigaciones básicas y solamente publican artículos y revisiones. Estas revistas presentan una productividad más reducida, pero una destacada participación internacional y un elevado grado de citación. El 87,62 % de estos trabajos han sido publicados en el ámbito académico y la colaboración internacional oscila entre el 16 y el 22 % de las colaboraciones.
Capacidad innovadora de la Comunidad de Madrid a partir de las patentes concedidas entre 1996 y 2007
Authors: Lascurain M. Luisa , Madera-Jaramillo M. Jesús , Ortoll Eva , Sanz Casado Elías
Published: July 2010

El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer algunas de las características de la actividad patentadora de la Comunidad de Madrid y analizar su relación con los recursos humanos y materiales que se dedican en dicha comunidad a las actividades de I+D+i, así como conocer el peso de esta actividad en la CM respecto al conjunto de España. Para ello, se han analizado las patentes concedidas entre 1996 y 2007 recogidas en la base de datos INVENES de la Oﬁcina Española de Patentes y Marcas.
Pioneer challenge Reduction of MEG consumption using KHI for hydrate control in a deepwater environment offshore Egypt
Authors: Gizah Fawaz Abd El-latif , Ali Taher Abdel Raheem , Baydoon Mohammad , Allenson Stephan , Scott Allan
Published: July 2010

Hydrate control in a subsea gas environment is a challenge. The West Delta Deep Marine (WDDM) sub-sea gas production and gathering system was designed to use monoethylene glycol (MEG) and methanol injection as the means of controlling hydrate formation in the Sub-sea infrastructure.

The produced fluids are transported to shore based processing facilities via two trunk lines, one 36?? and one 24??. The aqueous phase of these fluids, being a mixture of produced water, condensed water, condensate and MEG are separated and processed through a vacuum distillation system to recover the MEG.

Due to the high cost for the MEG and the unavailability of the MEG in the country, it was recommended to do something different to reduce the operating cost and maximize the production by reducing the shut down of the wells due to hydrate formation.

The first step to reduce or eliminate these problems was to reduce the MEG consumption. This was achieved by using the MEG as a carrier to apply kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) at the well flow lines. This philosophy was applied first in the Sapphire field (offshore Egypt), which has the highest hydrate tendency.

The outcome was a 70% reduction in MEG consumption in this field. This paper will explain the preparation, execution of the application of KHI in the Sapphire system and cost benefits.

Introduction

The formation of natural gas hydrates in gas pipelines and oil production and processing facilities is a major operational challenge for petroleum producers. These hydrates are crystalline, ice-like compounds composed of water and natural gas that form when small hydrocarbon molecules such as methane and ethane are trapped in hydrogen-bonded water cages under conditions of high pressure (typically above 50 bars) and low temperature (typically below 30ºC). The small, individual crystalline cages tend to agglomerate, forming larger hydrate structures that can adhere to surfaces such as internal pipe walls. If allowed to form and grow unchecked, these hydrate crystals can damage the pipeline or lead to blockage of the pipeline to the point of a pipe rupture (17).
Floating Unit Hull and Mooring IMMR Plan
Authors: Franco Mireille
Published: July 2010

The integrity of the Floating Production Unit and its Mooring is a key point to ensure the minimum risk of pollution and production disruption due to Hull structure, Mooring, Hull system or Hull equipment.

The Floating Unit Integrity Management System aims avoiding any disturbance, shutdown, repair or even unscheduled return to dry dock.

This target can only be reached by the application of procedures and good practices, fit for purpose, leading to the proper implementation of optimised inspection and surveys programmes, in compliance with Company and statutory requirements and not only based in Class requirements.

The new built unit Hull and Mooring Inspection, Monitoring, Maintenance and Repair Plan shall be developed in an early phase, during the design and project phases in order to ensure, first, that everything is design for later on easy inspection and, second, that all items will be subjected to regular survey or maintenance: no orphan or unsurveyed items have to be allowed.

The interferences between different systems and numerous teams (SIMOPS) are also a subject to be addressed.

The unit Hull and Mooring Inspection, Monitoring, Maintenance and Repair plan is a cross-functionality job that shall be part of the hand over for an efficient and early implementation for operational life.

Multidisciplinary teams have to be involved in IMMR Plan execution and have to be experienced enough to phase the different scenarios.

One of the cornerstones is Class: all the floating units and its mooring have to be classed and maintained classed during its service life by a member of IACS. This independent assessment (Third Party) provides the basic and minimum framework focusing on personnel and structure safety.

Reference documents, procedures, good practices fit for purpose and even computerized tools have been developed in the frame of the Floating Units Integrity Management System policy.
SS: Special Session Title: High Pressure Gas-Liquid Separation. Droplet size measuring technique and application
Authors: Marchetti Jorge Mario , Patruno Luciano Emanuel , Gaebler Ansor , Winterthur A.G. , Svendsen Hallvard
Published: July 2010

The knowledge of droplet size distributions in a scrubber is of high importance as the removal efficiency of various types of separation equipment to a large extent depends on this. In this work, the use of a laser scattering technique to measure droplet size distributions in a medium pressure system was studied. One of the main problems encountered when using diffraction techniques, or any technique where unhindered optical access is needed, is the formation of droplets on the glasses used. Droplet formation during an experiment destroys the method accuracy. In this work, several technical modifications were done to the column in order to obtain satisfactory results via the diffraction technique.

It was establish that the modified technique is suitable for liquid droplet measurements under regular atmospheric conditions and the reduced interference made it possible to determine the accuracy of the system as well as the repetitivity of the measurements. Good reproducibility and repetitivity was obtained. Another set of tests was performed in a pilot column, where several measurement configurations were tested and in each tested configuration results relating droplet interaction with the optical access glasses were determined. These results were used to assess the effiency of the configuration and, indirectly, to estimate the efficiency of the separation equipment. Used in a scrubber, this will permit us to find how well each part of the scrubber is working, thereby possibly allowing for separation improvements.
SS: Thunder Horse and Atlantis Deepwater Frontier Developments in the Gulf of Mexico: Thunder Horse and Atlantis: The Development of Twin Giants in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Todd Simon , Replogle Dan
Published: July 2010

Since their discovery in the late 1990s, Thunder Horse and Atlantis have shared many aspects of the journey from development concept to production operations. These include significant project challenges in subsea and topsides, substantial preparation for production operations, and resounding success during production ramp-up and early operations. This paper will outline some of the similarities and key differences between the two, and emphasize the shared ingredients for success despite the frontier environment of the fields. Thunder Horse and Atlantis are both giant oil and gas fields and together produce more than 400 mboed, about 10% of BP's global production and about 6% of the U.S.'s oil production, producing through semi-submersible facilities that are respectively the biggest and the deepest moored in the world. Despite the frontier nature of the developments, and several major challenges encountered and shared by the two projects, both have been delivered and are performing at world class levels of efficiency, with long sustained futures ahead of them. The experience of the journey of these twin giants from discovery to world class operating assets holds several key lessons for megaprojects of the future, particularly in the challenging conditions of deep water.

Introduction

Every prolific hydrocarbon province in the world has at its core one or more giant oil/gas fields that form a substantial component of its discovered and developed resources, and which represent many of the challenges faced by that province as a whole. Meeting those technical and commercial challenges for the giant fields often opens the door to further development of the province and fairways. So it is in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (DW GoM). Arguably, the Mars discovery was the giant find of Round 1 exploration in the DW GoM during the late 1980s. A decade later, Thunder Horse and Atlantis were two of the largest Round 2 exploration discoveries, and together presented some new challenges in deeper water and more complex subsurface conditions than anything previously encountered (Figure 1).

At the time of discovery both fields were characterized by promising reservoirs that were " wrapped?? in environmental conditions for which no technical solution yet existed. For Thunder Horse this centered on the pressure, temperature and corrosivity of the reservoir fluids, while Atlantis faced the subsurface image of the reservoir and the extreme water depth. This article will outline how those challenges were met, and how, more than that, both developments have commenced their operations with world class efficiency and performance.
SS: Thunder Horse and Atlantis Deepwater Frontier Developments in the Gulf of Mexico: Atlantis - A case Study in Thoroughly Planned and Scheduled Well Delivery
Authors: Sprague Jonathan David , Mix Kurt Edward , Faulkerson Joseph
Published: July 2010

This paper will describe the scope of the Drilling, Completion, and Subsea construction activities and the approach taken by the BP Atlantis Wells Delivery Team in planning and execution. The BP Atlantis Wells Delivery Team recognized early that in order to efficiently execute all of the drilling, completion, subsea construction, and tie back operations to the producing facility, a very disciplined Project Planning and Scheduling approach would be required. A group of dedicated, competent scheduling professionals were assigned to the Drilling and Completion (D&C) Team and proved instrumental to the successful outcome. The D&C scheduling professionals complemented the other professional schedulers strategically selected for each of the project's necessary functional teams and key construction sites. The D&C Team started gaining competency in true project management through development and recruitment as early as three years (2001) prior to the start of development operations.

Atlantis Field Development Overview

The Atlantis field was discovered in 1998 and appraisal operations continued through the project sanction in November 2002. The Gulf of Mexico field is approximately 185 miles south of New Orleans in Green Canyon Block 743 (Figure 1). The field lies in 6,800 ft of water below the Sigsbee Escarpment and is capped by a large salt body making it difficult to image the reservoirs. The escarpment is an underwater " mountain?? which slopes from a water depth of 4,400 ft to a base of 6,800 ft. The field is a subsea development consisting of multiple drill (well) centers tied back to a central floating semi-submersible production host facility known as the Atlantis Production Quarters (PQ) located about two miles south in Green Canyon Block 787 in 7,074 ft of water. The PQ has a displacement of over 97,000 tons even though it is void of a drilling rig. Instead, the PQ is solely dedicated to gathering, processing and exporting Atlantis hydrocarbons up to the facility with a capacity of 200,000 barrels of oil and 180 million cubic feet of natural gas per day.
SS: Thunder Horse and Atlantis Deepwater Frontier Developments in the Gulf of Mexico" Paper Title - Deepwater Completions: The Devil is in the Details
Authors: Rich David Alan , Rogers Bruce , Dyson W.Q. , Olson Karen , Smart John C. , Tiffin David
Published: July 2010

BP's Thunder Horse and Atlantis completions are some of the most complex in the world. This complexity is both a basic requirement of the environment and a result of the desire to achieve as much functionality from a wellbore as practical. This paper will address the approach BP has taken to ensure " completions excellence?? on both the completion design and installation, but will not cover the design details of the completions themselves. Completions Excellence is a mindset of continuous improvement in organizational capability, planning, execution, and learning.

Introduction

Thunder Horse and Atlantis are two of BP's premiere deepwater (DW) fields in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). These fields are in water depths of 5,500 ft to 7,000 ft and cover a number of OCS blocks each, so multiple drill centers and the use of state of the art dynamically positioned drilling/completion rigs is required. Well depths are in the range of 19,000 ft to 28,000 ft MD. Reliable, high-rate well completions are critical for the success of these fields. Complex reservoirs with multiple stacked pay sands result in wells that typically require multi-zone sand control completions. A typical Thunder Horse or Atlantis completion may cost tens of millions of dollars and the completion itself will account for one-half to two-thirds of total well cost. Production from such wells may be over 50 thousand barrels per day. Initial completion designs were single and stacked cased and perforated or frac packed completions, but in order to improve capital efficiency, downhole flow control was added to better manage the reservoirs and minimize future interventions (Figure 1). The complexity of even the simplest DW GoM completions mean that any engineering or installation errors can cost tens of millions of dollars to fix, and that major workovers can be even more expensive.

Despite all the complexity, most of the problems encountered in delivering these wells have involved getting the seemingly minute, simple details right. Things like O-rings, metallurgy and unforeseen sources of debris have led to some of the biggest challenges. A successful completion is the culmination of getting thousands of small details right the first time through a system of checking and re-checking during design, manufacturing and assembly in the shop; and again in the field prior to and during installation. There is no doubt that to achieve completions excellence " the devil is in the details!??
SS: Subsea Well Intervention: Spoolable Compliant Guide: A Solution for Well Intervention
Authors: Bridge Christopher
Published: July 2010

The Spoolable Compliant Guide (SCG) is a conduit between a subsea well and a mono-hull vessel which allows well intervention toolstrings, coiled tubing and wireline to be guided into the well. The SCG consists of coiled tubing and jointed pipe suspended from a vessel and supported in a compliant " S?? shape though the water column. The compliant S shape acts to isolate the wellhead and well intervention package from the vessel's motion, which simplifies the mono-hull vessel to SCG connection, as well as the operations onboard the vessel.

Finite element studies were conducted to determine the operating feasibility, examining the effects of vessel position from the wellhead, vessel drift off, deployment and elastic and plastic fatigue life. These studies were complemented by small-scale model tests which examined pipe-in-pipe interaction, plastic and elastic fatigue, and wear of coiled tubing. The results show that the SCG from a mono-hull vessel is a feasible and cost effective alternative to rig based top tensioned risers for coiled tubing operations.

Overview of Spoolable Compliant Guide

The SCG is a conduit between the Well Intervention Package (WIP) and a vessel which allows toolstrings, conveyed by coiled tubing and/or wireline to be " guided?? into the well. The SCG consists of a length of tubular hung off at the top to the vessel and connected at the bottom to the WIP, as shown in Figure 1. The WIP contains well control equipment to control the well barriers and a lubricator that allows toolstrings to be lubricated into and out of the well. A subsea dynamic seal located at the top of the WIP isolates the guide pipe from the well fluids and pressure.