bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Émergence, évolution et fonctionnement actuel de la construction < en rester + attribut psychologique >
Authors: Veland Reidar
Published: August 2019

Cet article offre un aperçu de toutes les constructions dont fait partie la suite en rester mais vise surtout à analyser une variante particulière de la construction personnelle < en rester + attribut>, celle où l’attribut peut être interprété comme la description de la réaction psychologique d’un référent sujet à un stimulus externe. Il est démontré, sur la base de données tirées de Frantext, que l’importance relative de cette variante a fortement augmenté depuis le milieu du 19 e siècle. Une hypothèse est avancée pour expliquer le degré d’obligatoriété du clitique dans la construction psychologique sur la base d’un contraste entre attributs intrinsèquement psychologiques (avec lesquels l’emploi de en est facultatif) et attributs contextuellement psychologiques (qui exigent l’emploi de en ). L’article met aussi en évidence le paradoxe que représente l’utilisation d’un verbe considéré comme duratif ( rester ) dans une construction de type inchoatif.
De l’institut du radium et du laboratoire de chimie physique à Paris au laboratoire de physico-chimie des rayonnements et à celui de chimie physique d’Orsay – Travaux effectués dans les unités de Moïse Haïssinsky, de Michel Magat et de leurs successeurs.
Authors: Belloni-Cofler Jacqueline
Published: August 2019

Le rôle de Pierre et Marie Curie fut essentiel pour comprendre l’ionisation primaire des molécules et la formation de radicaux par les rayonnements des éléments radioactifs. Moïse Haïssinsky et son équipe du laboratoire Curie ont systématiquement étudié la radiolyse des solutions dans l’eau, composant biologique majeur et, en établissant les bases des mécanismes d’oxydo-réduction des solutés, ont pu déterminer les rendements radiolytiques primaires des radicaux issus de l’eau. À travers ses nombreux élèves français et étrangers, Moïse Haïssinsky est l’un des fondateurs de la chimie sous rayonnements moderne.
L’apport des ions accélérés dans l’épopée de la chimie sous rayonnement
Authors: Baldacchino Gérard
Published: August 2019

Dans l’épopée de la chimie sous rayonnement, peu de temps après la découverte de la radioactivité, les effets sur l’eau des rayons  se sont distingués de ceux de l’irradiation par des photons  : c’est l’effet du Transfert d’énergie linéique (TEL). Les rendements de production de H2 et de H2O2 augmentent avec la valeur du TEL. Avec un modèle de radiolyse de plus en plus fin, les chercheurs veulent analyser, à partir des années 70-80, la chimie non homogène dans les traces d’ions. En utilisant les ions de haute énergie des cyclotrons, la technique de la radiolyse pulsée va améliorer la compréhension des processus dans ces zones de forte densité d’ionisation.
Effets des radiations ionisantes sur les acides nucléiques : des composés modèles à la cellule.
Authors: Cadet Jean , Wagner J Richard
Published: August 2019

Dans cet article, l’accent est mis sur les avancées significatives, effectuées au cours des cinquante dernières années, dans la compréhension des effets moléculaires des rayonnements ionisants sur les acides nucléiques au CEA/Grenoble en liaison étroite avec l’université de Sherbrooke (Québec). Les travaux initiaux sur des composés modèles ont permis de rechercher la présence de produits de modification radio-induite dans l’ADN cellulaire. Des informations pertinentes sur le rôle biologique, plus particulièrement celui concernant la réparation des dommages ainsi identifiés ont été aussi obtenues dans le cadre d’études en coopération.
Antigen Complexed with a TLR9 Agonist Bolsters c-Myc and mTORC1 Activity in Germinal Center B Lymphocytes
Authors: Wigton Eric J , DeFranco Anthony L , Ansel K Mark
Published: August 2019

The germinal center (GC) is the anatomical site where humoral immunity evolves. B cells undergo cycles of proliferation and selection to produce high-affinity Abs against Ag. Direct linkage of a TLR9 agonist (CpG) to a T-dependent Ag increases the number of GC B cells. We used a T-dependent Ag complexed with CpG and a genetic model for ablating the TLR9 signaling adaptor molecule MyD88 specifically in B cells (B-MyD88− mice) together with transcriptomics to determine how this innate pathway positively regulates the GC. GC B cells from complex Ag-immunized B-MyD88− mice were defective in inducing gene expression signatures downstream of c-Myc and mTORC1. In agreement with the latter gene signature, ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation was increased in GC B cells from wild-type mice compared with B-MyD88− mice. However, GC B cell expression of a c-Myc protein reporter was enhanced by CpG attached to Ag in both wild-type and B-MyD88− mice, indicating a B cell–extrinsic effect on c-Myc protein expression combined with a B cell–intrinsic enhancement of gene expression downstream of c-Myc. Both mTORC1 activity and c-Myc are directly induced by T cell help, indicating that TLR9 signaling in GC B cells either enhances their access to T cell help or directly influences these pathways to further enhance the effect of T cell help. Taken together, these findings indicate that TLR9 signaling in the GC could provide a surrogate prosurvival stimulus, “TLR help,” thus lowering the threshold for selection and increasing the magnitude of the GC response.
Phosphatase PPM1L Prevents Excessive Inflammatory Responses and Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting IKKβ Activation
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhou Qingqing , Bi Yong , Zhou Wenhui , Zeng Qiyan , Liu Zhongmin , Liu Xingguang , Zhan Zhenzhen
Published: August 2019

Although the inflammatory response triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the infarcted cardiac tissues after acute myocardial infarction (MI) contributes to cardiac repair, the unrestrained inflammation induces excessive matrix degradation and myocardial fibrosis, leading to the development of adverse remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, although the molecular mechanisms that fine tune inflammation post-MI need to be fully elucidated. Protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+–dependent 1L (PPM1L) is a member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family. It is originally identified as a negative regulator of stress-activated protein kinase signaling and involved in the regulation of ceramide trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus. However, the role of PPM1L in MI remains unknown. In this study, we found that PPM1L transgenic mice exhibited reduced infarct size, attenuated myocardial fibrosis, and improved cardiac function. PPM1L transgenic mice showed significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12, in myocardial tissue. In response to DAMPs, such as HMGB1 or HSP60, released in myocardial tissue after MI, macrophages from PPM1L transgenic mice consistently produced fewer inflammatory cytokines. PPM1L-silenced macrophages showed higher levels of inflammatory cytokine production induced by DAMPs. Mechanically, PPM1L overexpression selectively inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling in myocardial tissue post-MI and DAMP-triggered macrophages. PPM1L directly bound IKKβ and then inhibited its phosphorylation and activation, leading to impaired NF-κB signaling activation and suppressed inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, our data demonstrate that PPM1L prevents excessive inflammation and cardiac dysfunction after MI, which sheds new light on the protective regulatory mechanism underlying MI.
Functional Diversity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: The Multitasking Hydra of Cancer
Authors: Jayakumar Asha , Bothwell Alfred L. M.
Published: August 2019

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature suppressive cells found in tumors and immunological niches. In this article, we highlight the ability of MDSCs to promote IL-17–producing T cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells in addition to suppressing cytotoxic T cells in different tumor models. These interactions between MDSCs and T cells support tumor growth because IL-17 is tumorigenic in many cancer types and regulatory T cells suppress antitumor T cells. Besides T cells, MDSCs promote regulatory B cells and suppress overall B cell function; however, tumor-evoked regulatory B cells also regulate MDSC function, suggesting cross-regulation between MDSCs and B cells. These multiple functions shed light on how MDSCs dysregulate several arms of host immune response. Moreover, MDSCs promote tumor cell survival and angiogenesis to support tumors. Therefore, the multifunctional feature of MDSCs make them attractive immunotherapeutic targets.
Kinetics Study the Decomposition of the Cellulose into Cellulose Nanocrystals by Hydrothermal with Hydrochloric Acid Catalyst
Authors: Zulnazri Zulnazri , Dewi Rozanna , Sulhatun Sulhatun , Nasrun Nasrun
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to hydrolyzed cellulose nanocrystals as cellulose-based biomass residues from oil palm by using hydrochloric acid under hydrothermal conditions. The characterization of cellulose nanocrystals was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy and X- ray diffraction. The infrared spectroscopy showed there has been a removal of lignin and hemicellulose in the spectrum. Crystallinity which reaches 78.59% was obtained by hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid catalyst 3 mol/L with a reaction time of 1 hour. Based on the graph of -ln CA/CA0 vs. time obtained that Cellulose nanocrystals forming reaction is of first order. The reaction rate constants to the formation of glucose (k2) is greater than the reaction rate constant to the formation of Cellulose nanocrystals (k1), which indicates that the phase of slow reaction is the reaction of the most influential on the overall reaction rate, the reaction of the formation of Cellulose nanocrystals.
Response of Three Waxy Corn (Zea mays L. Var. Ceratina Kulesh) Varieties and Various Planting Date of Intercropped Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Dry Field
Authors: Fowo Kristono Y. , Suminarti Nur Edy , Suryanto Agus
Published: August 2019

The research aims to determine the combination of waxy corn variety and planting date on the growth and yield of waxy corn in an intercropping system of corn and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experimental design is a split-plot with the main plot consisting of waxy corn varieties (local variety; Uri variety and Binte Pulu variety and the sub-plot consisting of the alternate crop planting date. Three replications are performed. Data collection is done destructively. The F test at 5% is used to examine the effect of treatments, while differences across treatments are based on the LSD at 5%. Research results show an interaction between the waxy corn variety and planting date on the growth parameter. There is an improved yield from the local variety planted 15 days before the groundnut planting date, as well as from the Uri variety planted both simultaneously with, and also 15 days before, the groundnut planting date, with maximum yields of 2.99, 2.75 and 2.69 ton ha−1, respectively.
Molecular diagnosis of acute and chronic infection of Trypanosoma evansi in experimental male and female mice
Authors: Behour Tahani S. , Aboelhadid Shawky M. , Mousa Wahid M. , Amin Adel S. , El-Ashram Saeed A.
Published: August 2019

Trypanosoma evansi is enzootic in camels in Egypt, and water buffaloes act as a reservoir for camel infection. Molecular techniques have contributed towards understanding the epidemiology of T. evansi. Trypanosoma evansi was detected in acute and chronic stages of the disease in male and female mice by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primers. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment I, two groups consisting of 26 female and 26 male mice received 104 trypanosome by I/P inoculation for each mouse. In experiment II, 42 female and 42 male mice were inoculated I/P with 102 trypanosome/mouse. In addition, five mice were kept as uninfected control for each group. Mice were monitored daily for parasitaemia level during the pre-patent period using the micro-haematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and conventional PCR. The primer pairs, (Trypanosoma brucei) TBR1/2 and TeRoTat1.2 (T. evansi Rode Trypanozoon antigen type [RoTat] 1.2), detected the infection after 24 hours earlier than MHCT in both experiments. The course of infection that was detected by MHCT revealed three waves of parasitaemia in female mice and two waves in male mice in the chronic stage of infection. In addition, PCR was able to detect T. evansi in different organs in the chronic stage (i.e. disappearance of parasite from blood). Application of the two primer sets on blood samples from camels showed that all samples were positive by TBR1/2 primers and only 32 of 44 were positive by TeRoTat1.2 primers. Acutely and chronically Trypanosoma-infected mice were detected by PCR in blood and organs. TBR1/2 primers were more sensitive than TeRoTat1.2 primers in detecting Trypanosoma-infected mice, and more reliable in detecting field-infected camels and excluding carrier animals.
A new approach to the selection of sales staff
Authors: Clarke Hugh G.
Published: August 2019

Problems with selection procedures for sales staff are discussed. It is difficult to assess the variety of characteristics required for success in sales in an interview, but most interviewers undervalue information that can be gained from direct observation. The author proposes the use of 'action profiling', to assess personality based on body movement. Careful observation of postural movement (big body movements) and gestural movements (smaller limb movements) can provide information on motivational characteristics (assertion) and task orientation (perspective) of individuals. A brief overview is given of research on the relationship between body movement and personality, and the author gives his adaptation of these theories to interpreting behavioural-action tendencies in sales staff. It is proposed that action profiling techniques, although still in an early stage of development, could make a valuable contribution, in conjunction with existing techniques, to improved selection of 'the right person' for the sales job.
Doeltreffende keuringsonderhoude: Die taak van lynbestuur
Authors: Tromp David
Published: August 2019

Effective selection interviews: The task of line management The selection interview still remains one of the most important and most commonly used selection techniques. During their formal training personnel officials are normally taught how to conduct selection interviews in a professional and effective way. However, the final responsibility for the selection decision still rests with the line manager but he often lacks the skills necessary to conduct a good selection interview. The result of this is that a highly intuitive and risky decision is taken. In this article the most important errors which interviewers make, are discussed. These errors relate in the first instance to the way in which selection interviews are conducted and the resulting shortcomings in communication which have a negative effect on the availability of the information required for decision-making. Secondly, errors are often made in respect of the interpretation and evaluation of this information. A procedure for eliminating these errors is proposed of which the main components are a semi-structured approach and the use of an interview appraisal form based on the prior identification of the required behavioural dimensions.
Marketing issues of the eighties
Authors: Suchard Hazel T.
Published: August 2019

Important aspects of marketing in the Eighties are identified and analysed. Economic factors, consumerism and consumer movements as well as legislation, demographic changes, technological developments, international events, and international competition and the influence of all these factors upon marketing strategy is discussed. Finally, changes in important components of a future marketing strategy are presented.
A survey of quantitative methods in South African management
Authors: Wegner T.
Published: August 2019

Academics who are responsible for training South Africa's future pool of management resources need, as part of their management development programme, to emphasize the contribution of Quantitative Methods to management decision making. To give a complete appreciation of Quantitative Methods, practice of the subject in South African management. No current research in this direction exists. This research, undertaken through a mailed questionnaire to South African companies, aimed to establish the relative use of Quantitative techniques; their frequency of use, and their degree of success as useful information generators. This paper summarizes the result and draws tentative conclusions about the state of art in 1982 of Quantitative Methods in South African management as a decision support tool.
The marketing audit: Its use by South African companies
Authors: Pitt L. F. , Steyn P. G. , Abratt R.
Published: August 2019

The use of marketing audits is regarded as an integral part of the strategic marketing management process. The marketing audit is a comprehensive, systematic, independent, and periodic examination of a company's marketing environment, objectives, strategies, and activities with a view to determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the company's marketing performance. This article reports the results of a study of marketing-audit practices in listed South African companies. More than half the respondents do not use the marketing audit and their reasons for not doing this are regarded as being indicative of a lack of strategic orientation. Independent auditors are used by the majority of companies utilizing the marketing audit, and objectivity and expertise are given as the main reasons for this. Those companies using the marketing audit generally regard it as important and as an integral tool of strategic marketing management. The conclusion is drawn that if the results of this study are indicative of the South African situation, the marketing audit has not been accorded its rightful place in business.
The Cascading Helix: A three-dimensional conceptual model aimed at improving organizational communication and performance
Authors: Raddall J.
Published: August 2019

This article introduces the Cascading Helix as a three-dimensional dynamic, conceptual model which represents formal and informal relationships in an organization. The Helix replaces the traditional two-dimensional static model which has been used for decades. It is suggested that this latter model has become inadequate to represent real world conditions that exist in the eighties. The Helix can be used by companies as a practical model. Employees' names can be attached hierarchically to the Helix which can move from steady state to inversion and back to steady state. This dynamic process introduces an Important concept, i.e. the benefits of shared strategic responsibility. Strategic decision-making is not the sole domain of top management. Each employee has a contribution to make in determining the direction of the company. Certain topics, important to a firm's survival are also discussed. These include informal communication, values and culture, organizational control, conflict resolution and strategic management. In this article it is suggested that the Cascading Helix can be used as an educational tool in these areas to bring about necessary changes in the organization's philosophy and behaviour.Hlerdie artikel stel die Dinamiese Spiraal (Cascading Helix) as 'n driedimensionele dinamiese begripsmodel bekend, wat formele en informele verhoudings binne 'n organisasie verteenwoordig. Die spiraal vervang die tweedimensionele, statiese model wat al vir dekades in gebruik is. Dit blyk dat die model nie langer werklike wereldtoestande van die tagtigerjare weerspieel nie. Maatskappye kan die spiraal as 'n praktiese model gebruik. Werknemers se name kan hierargies aan die spiraal gekoppel word, en die spiraal kan beweeg van 'n stabiele staat tot die omgekeerde, en weer terug na stabiel. Die dinamiese proses stel 'n belangrike begrip bekend, naamlik die voordele van gemeenskaplike strategiese verantwoordelikheid. Die topstruktuur het nie meer alleenreg op strategiese besluitneming nie. Elke werknemer kan 'n bydrae lewer tot die bepaling van die rigting van die maatskappy. Sekere onderwerpe wat belangrik is vir 'n maatskappy se voortbestaan word ook bespreek. Dlt sluit informele kommunikasie, waardes en kultuur, organisatoriese beheer, konflikoplossing en strategiese bestuur in. In hierdie artikel word daar voorgestel dat die dinamiese spiraal gebruik kan word as opleidingswerktuig op hierdie gebiede, om die nodige veranderlnge in die organisasie se beleid en optrede te bewerkstelllg.
A capital investment approach to price formulae/determination
Authors: Lambrechts I. J. , Doppegieter J. J.
Published: August 2019

In an analysis of ten widely used price-control formulae it was shown that the formulae took into consideration a variety of different stipulations such as the calculation of funds employed, the definition of profit and the profitability rate allowed. Furthermore it is maintained that the commonly used intuitive and/or conventional methods of evaluation are subject to various shortcomings. Therefore, it can be inferred that it is virtually impossible to compare different price formulae in isolation. To overcome this problem a simulation model, based on certain assumptions, has been developed. The model compares and evaluates the adequacy of various price formulae over time (dynamically) in different ways, i.e. several ratios and criteria are calculated with the internal rate of return being the primary one. In the remaining three articles, the simulation model will be applied to the two formulae presented in this article.
International diversification and the South African investor
Authors: Van Den Honert R. , Affleck-Graves J. F.
Published: August 2019

In the event of a relaxation or scrapping of the current exchange control regulations, the South African investor could consider an investment in foreign stocks or commodities as well as local stocks. In this article two approaches to the assessment of the past performance of various local and foreign security markets are considered. Initially the past performance of 24 markets are studied individually and their returns and corresponding risks are examined, with special reference to the exchange rate factor. Secondly the statistical technique of multidimensional scaling is applied to the 24 markets. Since portfolio diversification is a fundamental aim of any rational investor, securities from markets which exhibit dissimilar price movements would be favourable for inclusion in a portfolio. The method of multidimensional scaling results in a map-like picture which gives the investor a visual display of those markets which move together (i.e. limited diversification opportunities) and those that move differently (i.e. provide good diversification opportunities).
Educating managers for the future
Authors: Goodwin J. S. , Fulmer R. M.
Published: August 2019

The authors predict that South Africa will need approximately 200 000 new executives within the next 15 years. Simultaneously the organizations will become more complex and difficult to manage. They suggest that the development of such a large number of managers within the black and white community will be difficult and furthermore, managers will also require new knowledge. Even highly trained professionals may quickly become obsolete unless they continue to receive further training and development. Future-oriented courses are already being developed and taught in a number of overseas universities. The authors suggest four approaches to this future orientation: studying of future trends and projections, coping with rapid change, impact analysis, and scenario writing.Die skrywers van hierdie artikel voorspel dat Suid-Afrika binne die volgende 15 jaar bykans 200 000 nuwe uitvoerende beamptes sal moet ontwikkel om aan die behoeftes van organisasies te voldoen. Terselfdertyd sal organisasies egter meer kompleks en moeilik bestudeerbaar word. Nie alleen sal die ontwikkeling van so 'n groot getal bestuurders problematies wees nie, maar bestuurders sal ook nuwe kennis benodig. Selfs hoogsopgeleide bestuurders sal vinnig onbruikbaar raak tensy hulle voortdurend aan nuwe opleiding en opvoeding blootgestel word. Toekomsgerigte curricula word alreeds aan verskeie oorsese universiteite ontwikkel en aangebied. Die skrywers stel vier benaderings tot hierdie toekomsgerigte opleiding voor: indringende studie van toekomstige tendense en voorspellings, metodes om tred te hou met veranderinge, impakanalise en die skryf van moontlike scenarios.
Who benefits from share splits?
Authors: Cross T. A. , Firer C.
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to carry out an investigation into the excess return behaviour of companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange which split their shares in the period 1972 - 1984. The concept of an event study was used in the analysis. Positive average residuals were observed in the months leading up to the split. In the month of the split large average excess returns were displayed. However, no long-term favourable effects on share price were found. Splits appeared to be a reaction to a sustained period of above-average returns rather than the cause of such returns. The splitting of a company's shares does not appear to influence the share's rand value traded.
Rassegroepe se evaluering van kriteria by motovoertuigaankope
Authors: Du Plessis P. J.
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to determine whether differences and/or similarities exist in the relative importance of evaluation criteria between the various race groups in South Africa when purchasing a motor vehicle. The sample consisted of 577 whites, 114 coloureds, 102 Asians and 109 blacks mainly from metropolitan areas. Variance analysis was applied to establish that there were 52 significant differences out of a total of 65 evaluation criteria with respect to the various race groups. Results showed that the biggest significant differences occurred between whites and blacks (66% of the evaluation criteria) and between whites and Asians (43% of the evaluation criteria).
The role of manpower planning in the corporate planning process
Authors: Owens Jay , Nema Lila
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this article is to evaluate how wide-spread the use of, as well as how comprehensive manpower planning is in South African organizations. It also explores how well integrated manpower planning is in the strategic planning of organizations. A review of the planning and corporate planning literature is undertaken. A sample of 25 companies from the Financial Mail 'Top 100 Companies' was selected for analysis. Conclusions are drawn from the findings, and a list of recommendations has been drawn up which will enable companies to improve their manpower planning in a changing South Africa.Die doelwit van hierdie artikel is om ondersoek in te stel na die omvattendheid asook die deeglikheid van mannekragbeplanning in Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye. Dit is verder 'n ondersoek na hoe geintegreerd hierdie mannekragbeplanning in die strategiese beplanning van hierdie maatskappye is en bied 'n literere oorsig van die veld aan. Vyf-en-twintig maatskappye uit die Financial Mail 'Top 100 Companies' is ontleed. Met die gevolgtrekkings wat uit die ondersoek voortgespruit het, is 'n lys van aanbevelings opgestel van wat 'n maatskappy kan doen om mannekragbeplanning op te knap in 'n veranderende Suid-Afrika.
The effect of merger announcements on the share prices of the acquired and acquiring companies
Authors: Affleck-Graves J. F. , Flach T. P. , Jacobson A. S.
Published: August 2019

In this paper the cumulative average residual (CAR) methodology is used to examine the effect merger announcements have on the returns earned by both the shareholders of the acquiring companies and the acquired companies. The results indicate that shareholders of the acquired companies earn significant positive abnormal returns in the ten weeks prior to the merger announcement. On the other hand no evidence is found of positive abnormal returns accruing to the shareholders of the acquiring companies. Indeed, if anything, the abnormal returns are negative for this group of shareholders. Finally empirical results are presented which indicate the effect on the CAR plots of different research methods. These results indicate that different CAR plots can be obtained from the different methods. However, these differences are not sufficient to alter the overall conclusions of the study.
Towards a better understanding of management development in South Africa
Authors: Human P. , Human Linda
Published: August 2019

In this article, an attempt is made to provide a better understanding of management development in South Africa by the development of a theoretical framework within which the process of management development can be situated. It is argued that management development can be understood by using a framework of domination, which provides a useful conceptual model within which the basic dynamics of management development can be placed. This framework describes the structural positioning of the principal actors, the relationship between them, and the possible world-views which may arise from these positions. The problem of management development in South Africa is discussed in terms of this framework and practical solutions elicited.In hierdie artikel word 'n teoretiese raamwerk vir bestuursontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika voorgestel. 'n Beter begrip van bestuursontwikkeling kan moontlik verkry word deur die begrip van dominansie teoreties sentraal te plaas. Die raamwerk beskryf die strukturele posisies van die primere akteurs, die relasies tussen hulle en die moontlike wereldbeskouinge wat verbandhoudend is met verskillende posisies. Die probleme van bestuursontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika word bespreek in terme van die teoretiese raamwerk en praktiese oplossings word voorgestel.
Model selection for measuring security price performance
Authors: Page M. J.
Published: August 2019

In this article a bootstrapping routine is used to compare the efficiency of different benchmarks that can be used for measuring security price performance on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Four approaches are compared; three benchmarks based on the theory of the Capital Asset Pricing Model, and one, a two-factor benchmark, based on the theory of the Arbitrage Pricing Model. The findings show that, for the JSE, the two-factor approach is superior. This is consistent with prior research into the South African securities market where evidence of two clear factors influencing security returns have been found. The recommendation is that the two-factor benchmark be used for measuring security price performance on the JSE, especially for small samples where only limited benefits can be expected through the central limit theorem.
The owners of new passenger vehicles: Some empirical findings on post-purchase patronage regarding servicing and repairs
Authors: Boshoff C. , Du Plessis P. J.
Published: August 2019

Despite concern among motor vehicle manufacturers about the relationship between their franchised dealers and new vehicle owners regarding servicing/repairs, very little empirical research has been done to investigate the post-purchase perceptions of new vehicle owners. Research studies conducted in America found that the expiry of the warranty on a new motor vehicle resulted in a major shift away from franchised dealers for servicing/repairs once the warranty had expired and that the older the vehicle became, the higher the probability that it would not be serviced by a franchised dealer. Information gathered from a random sample of new vehicle owners suggests that these conclusions also hold true for the South African situation, despite a high degree of satisfaction expressed with under-warranty servicing.
Risk estimation in the thinly traded JSE environment
Authors: Bradfield D. J. , Barr G. D.I.
Published: August 2019

Received evidence has come to the fore which suggests that the major source of bias in the estimation of beta coefficients on the JSE can be attributable to the thinly traded phenomenon. In this paper the suitability of a beta estimation procedure which corrects for the effects of thin trading is investigated for JSE stocks. The investigation reveals that implementation of the correction procedure results in substantial improvements in beta estimation. Furthermore, on the basis of the empirical investigation suggestions are made regarding the parameters that should be included in the beta estimator.Onlangse getuienis dui daarop dat die vernaamste bron van sydigheid van beta-koeffisiente op die JEB aan 'dun' handel toegeskryf word. In hierdie artikel word die toepasbaarheid van 'n skattingsprosedure wat vir die effek van 'dun' handel korrigeer, ondersoek. Die ondersoek dui aan dat die korrigeringsprosedure wesenlike verbeterings in die skatting van beta-koeffisiente lewer. Verder word op grond van 'n empiriese ondersoek aanbevelings gemaak betreffende die parameters wat in die skatter vir die betas ingesluit moet word.
The advertising of legal services: A comparison of the perceptions of attorneys and of the public
Authors: Boshoff Christo
Published: August 2019

Practitioners in the so-called classical professions are increasingly facing competition from non-professionals in what, traditionally, was accepted as 'their' business domains. Non-professionals are, however, not hamstrung by restrictive professional association regulations to the same degree as professionals. Such regulations have limited professionals in their efforts to counteract the 'invasion' of their traditional markets. One such regulation prohibits professionals from advertising. Attorneys in particular have been affected by increased competition in their markets and have questioned the legitimacy of the prohibition on advertising. The issue of advertising has been addressed by both provincial law societies and the Association of Law Societies, but no firm decision has as yet been taken. One concern among attorneys is the possible reaction of the public to advertising by individual attorneys. In this article an attempt is made to shed some light on the issue, by comparing practising attorneys' perceptions of the implications of legal services advertising with those of members of the public. It is suggested that attorneys and members of the public differ significantly in their perceptions of the implications of legal service advertising. Significant differences exist between the two groups in respect of 36 of the 69 aspects investigated.
Exploring manager-subordinate dyads: The moderating effect of supervisory support on the relationship between work locus of control and job involvement
Authors: Nunns Christopher G. , Argirys Loukia
Published: August 2019

In this article the moderating effect of supervisory support on the relationship between work locus of control and job involvement is investigated. Seventy non-managerial banking employees constituted the sample. Using the statistical technique of Moderated Multiple Regression, results indicated high supervisory support enhances job involvement of employees with an external locus of control orientation. High supervisory support was found to inhibit involvement of employees with an internal locus of control orientation. Limitations of the results are discussed, as are implications for leadership research and practice.
The influence of demographic variables on service quality perceptions in three selected service industries
Authors: Boshoff Christo , Nel Deon
Published: August 2019

Despite reservations about the use of demographic variables for market segmentation purposes it is a method which is widely used. Although this was not a segmentation study as such, the extent to which service quality perceptions are influenced by demographic variables has been investigated. It is believed that if demographic variables are found to influence service quality perceptions, they may serve as important pointers to the marketers of services when considering segmentation strategies. The empirical results revealed that both age (p 0.05) and level of education (p 0.01) exert a significant influence on consumers' perceptions of service quality. Younger consumers and relatively well-qualified consumers rate service quality lower than do older consumers and consumers who are not particularly well qualified academically. Both younger and well qualified consumers could be important target markets to services marketers in delivering quality service.
Personal values and South African financial services brand preference
Authors: Burgess Steven M. , Blackwell Roger D.
Published: August 2019

Personal values have become an important concept in consumer research. The authors test the value importance-brand preference link, compare brand preference value correlates with the universal content and structure recently proposed by Schwartz, and propose a method of market segmentation based on traditional segmentation criteria and values: The results suggest individual values should remain the focus of consumer research concerning values, that inconsistent patterns of significant values emerge compared to Schwartz's theoretical structure and that values are more important than age, education and household income to an efficient segmentation solution. However, race was the most important segmentation variable and marketers should not disregard it.
The job diagnostic survey: A functional tool for South African managers
Authors: Boonzaier Billy , Boonzaier Michèle
Published: August 2019

Current literature on manpower problems in South Africa has hardly focused on what should be done to improve jobs in order to create job experiences that will fulfil employee goals and organizational goals simultaneously. While the focus has been on the environmental (economic, social, political) and organizational (human resources policies, e.g. affirmative action) components of human resources management, in this article the authors provide guidelines to facilitate a process through which South African managers can practically achieve the optimal fit between current employees and their jobs. A theory that specifies when workers will display motivation, satisfaction and productive behaviour is reviewed. The accompanying diagnostic instrument is presented with South African norms for use by managers of change. Where remedial action is required, guidelines are proposed to assist managers in planning for an enriched work-place. The authors conclude that this approach represents a powerful strategy that can help organizations achieve their goals as well as meeting the needs of contemporary employees for a more meaningful work experience. This approach ensures that changes in the workplace are brought about on the basis of relevant information regarding the characteristics of jobs and the needs of workers, which is, in turn, based upon fundamental psychological rules and buttressed by South African findings that the theory is empirically sound.
Export behaviour of South African enterprises: Stages and attitudes towards export
Authors: Viviers Wilma , Kroon Jaap , Calof Jonathan L.
Published: August 2019

This study aims to broaden existing knowledge with respect to the export behaviour of South African enterprises. After analysing questionnaires received from 163 enterprises, as well as South African export data, it was concluded that South African enterprises exhibited similar export behaviour to that of enterprises in more developed countries. Non-exporters perceived the risks and costs of exporting to be higher than exporters. Exporters perceived the benefits to be greater than did non-exporters. However, the limited scope of South African exports when compared to more developed countries, suggests that South Africa may have some export barriers which are preventing the development of a large cadre of exporters.
The price premium of an environmentally friendly product
Authors: Kapelianis Dimitri , Strachan Sandra
Published: August 2019

The relationship between marketing and the environment has recently received considerable attention. Much of the literature in this field deals with the premia that consumers are willing to pay for environmentally friendly products as well as the characteristics that describe these consumers. The methods used for estimating these premia are, however, methodolog1cally flawed. This article presents a model for calculating premia on the basis of part-worth utilities derived from conjoint analysis. The authors find that racial and educational differences exist in willingness to pay a premium. These differences persist even when variances in other variables (for example, income) are controlled.
The SERVQUAL instrument: Reliability and validity in South Africa
Authors: Nel Deon , Pitt Leyland F. , Berthon Pierre R.
Published: August 2019

The drive to measure service quality has become a major focus in many organizations, as the links between service quality and business performance have become more clear. Similarly, the development of SERVQUAL, an instrument for the measurement of service quality, has spurred much research in this area. Most of the research concerning SERVQUAL has focussed on the psychometric properties of rehability and validity. SERVQUAL has received considerable academic and practitioner research attention in South Africa; however, while isolated studies have commented on its robustness none have considered SERVQUAL across a range of industries and settings using different approaches. The study reported here attempts to redress this. It reports the results of SERVQUAL studies across a range of organizations and examines issues of reliability and validity. A major conclusion is that SERVQUAL in a South African context generally possesses strong statistical properties but needs further refinement particularly to overcome problems of discriminant validity. Opportunities for further research are identified.
Holiday effects in the South African futures market
Authors: Smit C. F. , Smit E. V.D.M.
Published: August 2019

International and local research in share markets offered evidence of a holiday effect. Pre-holiday mean returns are significantly higher than on other trading days. The holiday effect cannot be separated from the weekend effect, as holidays which fall on Fridays and Mondays also influence the weekend analysis. Both these effects exist in their own right. Research on international futures markets supports the existence of a holiday effect. The present study investigates the holiday effect on daily returns of the All Gold Near Futures contract, the All Industrial Near Futures contract and the All Share Near Futures contract in the South African futures market. A distinction is made between pre-holidays, post-holidays and non-holidays. None of the near futures contracts exhibit a significant holiday effect, although signs of a holiday effect are present. It is further shown that the month-end effect is not strongly influenced by the holiday effect. It is also concluded that the pre-holiday effects are not large enough to be exploited on an on-going basis in the South African futures market.
Institutional obstacles to South African entrepreneurship
Authors: Ahwireng-Obeng Fred , Piaray Desmond
Published: August 2019

Institutional risk factors exert a powerful negative influence on entrepreneurial investment decisions in South Africa. This conclusion emerges from a study of South African manufacturing and service sectors based on a previous one conducted on a world-wide scale by the World Bank in 1997. The South African study examines six institutional variables by sector-type and market-access and finds that entrepreneurs of young, small and non-exporting firms particularly perceive these institutional obstacles as a real problem most of the time. This observation compares closely with the World Bank's report on sub-Saharan Africa. There are several implications for the finding. Despite far-reaching institutional reforms much more will be required if South Africa's transition to a democratic polity and open, liberal economy is to yield the widely-expected post-apartheid dividends of rapid economic growth, high levels of employment and more equitable distribution of income and wealth. In the present circumstances, the country's prospective role as a growth-pole for Southern African regional development and the propelling force of an African renaissance is unlikely to materialise.
Consumers' reasons for purchasing low involvement goods by mail catalogue: Preliminary measurement guidelines
Authors: Terblanché N. S. , Boshoff C. , Smit E. V.D.M.
Published: August 2019

New forms and applications of technology have enabled business organisations to increasingly utilise multiple channels for the distribution of retail products. One example, mail-order catalogue buying, has now become an acceptable shopping format for larger numbers of consumers. Earlier research clearly indicated that non-shop shopping, such as buying by mail-order catalogue, is not only very different from shop shopping, but consumers also undertake non-shop shopping for distinct reasons. The primary objective of the research reported here was to identify the reasons underlying the purchasing of low involvement products by mail-order catalogue and to develop a reliable and valid instrument that could identify and measure such reasons.
Flexible work practices: Perspectives from the southern hemisphere
Authors: Horwitz Frank M. , Allan Cameron , Brosnan Peter , Walsh Pat
Published: August 2019

Labour market flexibility continues to be important for employers seeking to improve productivity, reduce costs and be competitively agile. But it also carries downside costs for employees of increased insecurity, potentially deteriorating employment standards and lower morale. In this article numerical and temporal types of flexibility are considered in an analysis of three southern hemisphere countries.
Core competencies required of project managers
Authors: Birkhead Michael , Sutherland Margaret , Maxwell Tudor
Published: August 2019

Project management is internationally recognised as a management tool that is critical for success in the current work environment. In South Africa, initiatives are under way to produce internationally acceptable education and certification standards for the profession. The aim of this study is to identify the competencies and training needs required of project managers operating in South Africa's unique context. A questionnaire based on both previous international studies and personal interviews was administered by e-mail to members of the Project Management Institute of South Africa. Data was received from 128 respondents operating primarily in information technology, construction and engineering fields across the country. The results of the survey establish a rank ordered list of the competencies and training needs of South African project managers, and confirm that project management competencies are generic in nature. The findings are unique to South Africa, and proffer a set of core competencies which has important implications for the certification and training of South African project managers.
The Poincaré half-space of a C$^*$-algebra
Authors: Andruchow Esteban , Corach Gustavo , Recht Lázaro
Published: August 2019

Let

\mathcal{A}

be a unital C

^*

-algebra. Given a faithful representation

\mathcal{A}\subset\mathcal B(\mathcal{L})

in a Hilbert space

\mathcal{L}

, the set

G^+\subset\mathcal{A}

of positive invertible elements can be thought of as the set of inner products in

\mathcal{L}

, related to

\mathcal{A}

, which are equivalent to the original inner product. The set

G^+

has a rich geometry, it is a homogeneous space of the invertible group

G

of

\mathcal{A}

, with an invariant Finsler metric. In the present paper we study the tangent bundle

TG^+

of

G^+

, as a homogeneous Finsler space of a natural group of invertible matrices in

M_2(\mathcal{A})

, identifying

TG^+

with the
Poincaré half-space

\mathcal H

of

\mathcal{A}

,

\mathcal H=\{h\in\mathcal{A}: {\rm Im}(h)\ge 0, {\rm Im}(h) \hbox{ invertible}\}.

We show that

\mathcal H\simeq TG^+

has properties similar to those of a space of non-positive constant curvature.