bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Rate Constants Distribution (RCD) Model for Sorption in Heterogeneous Systems: 4. Kinetics of Metal Ions Sorption in the Presence of Complexing Agents—Application to Cu(II) Sorption on Polyethyleneimine Cryogel from Acetate and Tartrate Solutions
Authors: Golikov Alexey , Privar Yuliya , Balatskiy Denis , Polyakova Natalia , Bratskaya Svetlana
Published: August 2023

Here, we report a new version of the extended Rate Constants Distribution (RCD) model for metal ion sorption, which includes complex-formation equilibria. With the RCD-complex model, one can predict sorbent performance in the presence of complexing agents using data on metal ion sorption from ligand-free solutions and a set of coefficients for sorption rate constants of different ionic species. The RCD-complex model was applied to breakthrough curves of Cu(II) sorption from acetate and tartrate solutions on polyethyleneimine (PEI) monolith cryogel at different flow rates and ionic speciation. We have shown that, despite the lower stability of Cu(II)-acetate complex, at high flow rates, acetate has a more pronounced negative effect on sorption kinetics than tartrate. The RCD model was successfully used to predict the shape of the breakthrough curves at an arbitrary acetate concentration but failed to predict Cu(II) sorption from tartrate solutions in a broad range of ligand concentrations. Since a twofold increase in sorption capacity was observed at low tartrate concentrations, the latter fact was related to an alteration in the sorption mechanism of Cu(II)-ions, which depended on Cu(II) ionic speciation. The obtained results emphasize the importance of information about sorption kinetics of different ionic forms for the optimization of sorption filter performance in the presence of complexing agents.
A Variant in TBCD Associated with Motoneuronopathy and Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Caputo Maria , Martinelli Ilaria , Fini Nicola , Gianferrari Giulia , Simonini Cecilia , Trovato Rosanna , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Tessa Alessandra , Mandrioli Jessica , Zucchi Elisabetta
Published: August 2023

Mutations in the tubulin-specific chaperon D (TBCD) gene, involved in the assembly and disassembly of the α/β-tubulin heterodimers, have been reported in early-onset progressive neurodevelopment regression, with epilepsy and mental retardation. We describe a rare homozygous variant in TBCD, namely c.881G>A/p.Arg294Gln, in a young woman with a phenotype dominated by distal motorneuronopathy and mild mental retardation, with neuroimaging evidence of corpus callosum hypoplasia. The peculiar phenotype is discussed in light of the molecular interpretation, enriching the literature data on tubulinopathies generated from TBCD mutations.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Uncover the Differential Mechanism in Saline–Alkaline Tolerance between Indica and Japonica Rice at the Seedling Stage
Authors: Wang Jianyong , Hu Keke , Wang Jien , Gong Ziyun , Li Shuangmiao , Deng Xiaoxiao , Li Yangsheng
Published: August 2023

Saline–alkaline stress is one of the major damages that severely affects rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and grain yield; however, the mechanism of the tolerance remains largely unknown in rice. Herein, we comparatively investigated the transcriptome and metabolome of two contrasting rice subspecies genotypes, Luohui 9 (abbreviation for Chao2R under study, O. sativa ssp. indica, saline–alkaline-sensitive) and RPY geng (O. sativa ssp. japonica, saline–alkaline-tolerant), to identify the main pathways and important factors related to saline–alkaline tolerance. Transcriptome analysis showed that 68 genes involved in fatty acid, amino acid (such as phenylalanine and tryptophan), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, energy metabolism (such as Glycolysis and TCA cycle), as well as signal transduction (such as hormone and MAPK signaling) were identified to be specifically upregulated in RPY geng under saline–alkaline conditions, implying that a series of cascade changes from these genes promotes saline–alkaline stress tolerance. The transcriptome changes observed in RPY geng were in high accordance with the specifically accumulation of metabolites, consisting mainly of 14 phenolic acids, 8 alkaloids, and 19 lipids based on the combination analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. Moreover, some genes involved in signal transduction as hub genes, such as PR5, FLS2, BRI1, and NAC, may participate in the saline–alkaline stress response of RPY geng by modulating key genes involved in fatty acid, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and glycolysis metabolic pathways based on the gene co-expression network analysis. The present research results not only provide important insights for understanding the mechanism underlying of rice saline–alkaline tolerance at the transcriptome and metabolome levels but also provide key candidate target genes for further enhancing rice saline–alkaline stress tolerance.
Time Course of Priming Effect of TF Inducers on Synergistic TF Expression and Intra-Cellular Gap Formation of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells via the Extrinsic Coagulation Cascade
Authors: Matsubara Daiki , Kunieda Takuma , Yanase Yuhki , Takahagi Shunsuke , Uchida Kazue , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Ishii Kaori , Tanaka Akio , Ozawa Koichiro , Hide Michihiro
Published: August 2023

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is characterized by daily recurring wheal and flare with itch for more than 6 weeks. The extrinsic coagulation system has been shown to be activated in correlation with CSU severity. We have reported that tissue factor (TF), a trigger of the extrinsic coagulation cascade, is synergistically expressed on vascular endothelial cells by simultaneous stimulation with TF inducers (TFI), followed by activation of the extrinsic coagulation cascade and hyper permeability in vitro. However, vascular endothelial cells are not likely to be simultaneously stimulated by multiple TFIs under physiological conditions. Therefore, in order to know whether sequential, rather than simultaneous, stimuli with interval may induce synergistic activation of TF, we investigated the time course of the priming effects of each TFI for synergistic TF expression in vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). We stimulated HUVECs with a TFI (first stimulation) and then stimulated cells with another TFI at indicated time points (second stimulation) and detected TF expression and activity. The TF expression induced by simultaneous stimulation diminished in a few hours. However, both synergistic enhancement of TF expression and activation level of the coagulation cascade were detected even when the second stimulation was added 18 or 22 h after the first stimulation. Thus, the priming effect of TFI for synergistic TF expression may persist for a half day or longer.
Asbestos and Iron
Authors: Ghio Andrew J. , Stewart Matthew , Sangani Rahul G. , Pavlisko Elizabeth N. , Roggli Victor L.
Published: August 2023

Theories of disease pathogenesis following asbestos exposure have focused on the participation of iron. After exposure, an open network of negatively charged functional groups on the fiber surface complexes host metals with a preference for iron. Competition for iron between the host and the asbestos results in a functional metal deficiency. The homeostasis of iron in the host is modified by the cell response, including increased import to correct the loss of the metal to the fiber surface. The biological effects of asbestos develop in response to and are associated with the disruption of iron homeostasis. Cell iron deficiency in the host following fiber exposure activates kinases and transcription factors, which are associated with the release of mediators coordinating both inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Relative to serpentine chrysotile, the clearance of amphiboles is incomplete, resulting in translocation to the mesothelial surface of the pleura. Since the biological effect of asbestos is dependent on retention of the fiber, the sequestration of iron by the surface, and functional iron deficiency in the cell, the greater clearance (i.e., decreased persistence) of chrysotile results in its diminished impact. An inability to clear asbestos from the lower respiratory tract initiates a host process of iron biomineralization (i.e., asbestos body formation). Host cells attempt to mobilize the metal sequestered by the fiber surface by producing superoxide at the phagosome membrane. The subsequent ferrous cation is oxidized and undergoes hydrolysis, creating poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxide (i.e., ferrihydrite) included in the coat of the asbestos body.
RNA-Based Control of Fungal Pathogens in Plants
Authors: Mann Christopher W. G. , Sawyer Anne , Gardiner Donald M. , Mitter Neena , Carroll Bernard J. , Eamens Andrew L.
Published: August 2023

Our duty to conserve global natural ecosystems is increasingly in conflict with our need to feed an expanding population. The use of conventional pesticides not only damages the environment and vulnerable biodiversity but can also still fail to prevent crop losses of 20–40% due to pests and pathogens. There is a growing call for more ecologically sustainable pathogen control measures. RNA-based biopesticides offer an eco-friendly alternative to the use of conventional fungicides for crop protection. The genetic modification (GM) of crops remains controversial in many countries, though expression of transgenes inducing pathogen-specific RNA interference (RNAi) has been proven effective against many agronomically important fungal pathogens. The topical application of pathogen-specific RNAi-inducing sprays is a more responsive, GM-free approach to conventional RNAi transgene-based crop protection. The specific targeting of essential pathogen genes, the development of RNAi-nanoparticle carrier spray formulations, and the possible structural modifications to the RNA molecules themselves are crucial to the success of this novel technology. Here, we outline the current understanding of gene silencing pathways in plants and fungi and summarize the pioneering and recent work exploring RNA-based biopesticides for crop protection against fungal pathogens, with a focus on spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Further, we discuss factors that could affect the success of RNA-based control strategies, including RNA uptake, stability, amplification, and movement within and between the plant host and pathogen, as well as the cost and design of RNA pesticides.
Analysis of Under-Diagnosed Malignancy during Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Lymphadenopathies
Authors: Lee Jeeyong , Ha Hwa Jeong , Kim Da Yeon , Koh Jae Soo , Kim Eun Ju
Published: August 2023

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful tool in the evaluation of lymphadenopathy. It is a safe and minimally invasive procedure that provides preoperative details for subsequent treatment. It can also diagnose the majority of malignant tumors. However, there are some instances where the diagnosis of tumors remains obscure. To address this, we re-analyzed the misinterpreted patients’ samples using mRNA sequencing technology and then identified the characteristics of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that tend to be under-diagnosed. To decipher the involved genes and pathways, we used bioinformatic and biological analysis approaches, identifying the response to oxygen species, inositol phosphate metabolic processes, and peroxisome and PPAR pathways as possibly being involved with this type of tumor. Notably, these analyses identified FOS, ENDOG, and PRKAR2B as hub genes. cBioPortal, a multidimensional cancer genomics database, also confirmed that these genes were associated with lymphoma patients. These results thus point to candidate genes that could be used as biomarkers to minimize the false-negative rate of FNAC diagnosis. We are currently pursuing the development of a gene chip to improve the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy patients with the ultimate goal of improving their prognosis.
Engineering a Pro-Osteogenic Secretome through the Transient Silencing of the Gene Encoding Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1
Authors: García-Sánchez Daniel , González-González Alberto , Álvarez-Iglesias Itzíar , Dujo-Gutiérrez Mónica del , Bolado-Carrancio Alfonso , Certo Matilde , Pérez-Núñez María Isabel , Riancho José A. , Rodríguez-Rey José Carlos , Delgado-Calle Jesús , Pérez-Campo Flor María
Published: August 2023

The evidence sustaining the regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSCs) secretome has prompted a paradigm change, where MSCs have shifted from being considered direct contributors to tissue regeneration toward being seen as cell factories for producing biotech medicines. We have previously designed a method to prime MSCs towards osteogenic differentiation by silencing the Wnt/β-Catenin inhibitor Sfpr1. This approach produces a significant increase in bone formation in osteoporotic mice. In this current work, we set to investigate the contribution of the secretome from the MSCs where Sfrp1 has been silenced, to the positive effect seen on bone regeneration in vivo. The conditioned media (CM) of the murine MSCs line C3H10T1/2, where Sfrp1 has been transiently silenced (CM-Sfrp1), was found to induce, in vitro, an increase in the osteogenic differentiation of this same cell line, as well as a decrease of the expression of the Wnt inhibitor Dkk1 in murine osteocytes ex vivo. A reduction in the RANKL/OPG ratio was also detected ex vivo, suggesting a negative effect of CM-Sfrp1 on osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, this CM significantly increases the mineralization of human primary MSCs isolated from osteoportotic patients in vitro. Proteomic analysis identified enrichment of proteins involved in osteogenesis within the soluble and vesicular fractions of this secretome. Altogether, we demonstrate the pro-osteogenic potential of the secretome of MSCs primmed in this fashion, suggesting that this is a valid approach to enhance the osteo-regenerative properties of MSCs’ secretome.
Transglutaminase in Foods and Biotechnology
Authors: Vasić Katja , Knez Željko , Leitgeb Maja
Published: August 2023

Stabilization and reusability of enzyme transglutaminase (TGM) are important goals for the enzymatic process since immobilizing TGM plays an important role in different technologies and industries. TGM can be used in many applications. In the food industry, it plays a role as a protein-modifying enzyme, while, in biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications, it is used in mediated bioconjugation due to its extraordinary crosslinking ability. TGMs (EC 2.3.2.13) are enzymes that catalyze the formation of a covalent bond between a free amino group of protein-bound or peptide-bound lysine, which acts as an acyl acceptor, and the γ-carboxamide group of protein-bound or peptide-bound glutamine, which acts as an acyl donor. This results in the modification of proteins through either intramolecular or intermolecular crosslinking, which improves the use of the respective proteins significantly.
Application of 2D NMR Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometric Tools for Classification of Natural Lignins
Authors: Faleva Anna V. , Grishanovich Ilya A. , Ul’yanovskii Nikolay V. , Kosyakov Dmitry S.
Published: August 2023

Lignin is considered a promising renewable source of valuable chemical compounds and a feedstock for the production of various materials. Its suitability for certain directions of processing is determined by the chemical structure of its macromolecules. Its formation depends on botanical origin, isolation procedure and other factors. Due to the complexity of the chemical composition, revealing the structural differences between lignins of various origins is a challenging task and requires the use of the most informative methods for obtaining and processing data. In the present study, a combination of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra is proposed. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis techniques demonstrated the possibility to effectively classify lignins at the level of belonging to classes and families of plants, and in some cases individual species, with an error rate for data classification of 2.3%. The reverse transformation of loading plots into the corresponding HSQC loading spectra allowed for structural information to be obtained about the latent components of lignins and their structural fragments (biomarkers) responsible for certain differences. As a result of the analysis of 34 coniferous, deciduous, and herbaceous lignins, 10 groups of key substructures were established. In addition to syringyl, guaiacyl, and p-hydroxyphenyl monomeric units, they include various terminal substructures: dihydroconiferyl alcohol, balanopholin, cinnamic acids, and tricin. It was shown that, in some cases, the substructures formed during the partial destruction of biopolymer macromolecules also have a significant effect on the classification of lignins of various origins.
Advances on Cellulose Manufacture in Biphasic Reaction Media
Authors: Fernández-Bautista Marcos , Martínez-Gómez Sergio , Rivas Sandra , Alonso José Luis , Parajó Juan Carlos
Published: August 2023

Cellulose is produced industrially by the kraft and sulfite processes. The evolution of these technologies in biorefineries is driven by the need to obtain greater added value through the efficient use of raw materials and energy. In this field, organosolv technologies (and within them, those using liquid phases made up of water and one partly miscible organic solvent, known as “biphasic fractionation” in reference to the number of liquid phases) represent an alternative that is receiving increasing interest. This study considers basic aspects of the composition of lignocellulosic materials, describes the fundamentals of industrial cellulose pulp production processes, introduces the organosolv methods, and comprehensively reviews published results on organosolv fractionation based on the use of media containing water and an immiscible solvent (1-butanol, 1-pentanol or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran). Special attention is devoted to aspects related to cellulose recovery and fractionation selectivity, measured through the amount and composition of the treated solids.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Research in the Discovery and Application of Colorectal Cancer Circulating Markers
Authors: Ponomaryova Anastasia A. , Rykova Elena Yu. , Solovyova Anastasia I. , Tarasova Anna S. , Kostromitsky Dmitry N. , Dobrodeev Alexey Yu. , Afanasiev Sergey A. , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda V.
Published: August 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy in the world. However, the mortality from CRC can be reduced through early diagnostics, selection of the most effective treatment, observation of the therapy success, and the earliest possible diagnosis of recurrences. A comprehensive analysis of genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the CRC development is needed to refine diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies and to ensure appropriate decision making in managing specific CRC cases. The liquid biopsy approach utilizing circulating markers has demonstrated its good performance as a tool to detect the changes in the molecular pathways associated with various cancers. In this review, we attempted to brief the main tendencies in the development of circulating DNA and RNA-based markers in CRC such as cancer-associated DNA mutations, DNA methylation changes, and non-coding RNA expression shifts. Attention is devoted to the existing circulating nucleic acid-based CRC markers, the possibility of their application in clinical practice today, and their future improvement. Approaches to the discovery and verification of new markers are described, and the existing problems and potential solutions for them are highlighted.
Chemical, Aroma and Pro-Health Characteristics of Kaffir Lime Juice—The Approach Using Optimized HS-SPME-GC-TOFMS, MP-OES, 3D-FL and Physiochemical Analysis
Authors: Lubinska-Szczygeł Martyna , Polkowska Żaneta , Rutkowska Małgorzata , Gorinstein Shela
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to provide the chemical, aroma and prohealth characteristics of the kaffir lime juice. A procedure using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography (SPME-GC-TOFMS) was optimized and validated for the determination of terpenes of kaffir lime. Main physicochemical parameters: pH, vitamin C, citric acid and °Brix were evaluated. Micro- and macro elements were determined using microwave plasma optic emission spectrometry (MP-OES). The binding of kaffir lime terpenes to human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-FL). β-Pinene and Limonene were selected as the most abundant terpenes with the concentration of 1225 ± 35 and 545 ± 16 µg/g, respectively. The values of citric acid, vitamin C, °Brix and pH were 74.74 ± 0.50 g/kg, 22.31 ± 0.53 mg/100 mL, 10.35 ± 0.70 and 2.406 ± 0.086 for, respectively. Iron, with a concentration of 16.578 ± 0.029 mg/kg, was the most abundant microelement. Among the macroelements, potassium (8121 ± 52 mg/kg) was dominant. Kaffir lime binding to HSA was higher than β-Pinene, which may indicate the therapeutic effect of the juice. Kaffir lime juice is a source of terpenes with good aromatic and bioactive properties. Fluorescence measurements confirmed its therapeutic effect. Kaffir lime juice is also a good source of citric acid with potential industrial application. The high content of minerals compared to other citruses increases its prohealth value.
Morpho-Physiological Traits and Phytochemical Compositions of Coffea canephora Beans from Lampung for Various Harvesting Stages and Soaking Durations
Authors: Maxiselly Yudithia , Humaira Denisse Shafa , Sari Dwi Novanda , Suherman Cucu
Published: August 2023

Coffea canephora, also known as Robusta, is one of the coffee species that dominates production in Indonesia. The morphology, physiology, and phytochemistry of Canephora coffee beans are affected by many factors, such as the fruit harvesting time and post-harvest processing. The maturity stage of coffee fruits at harvest time and post-harvest management will affect the various morpho-physiological and phytochemical compositions of the coffee beans. This research aimed to observe Canephora coffee beans’ morpho-physiological and phytochemical compositions for various harvesting stages and soaking durations. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD). It tested eight treatments, a combination of harvesting times (H1 = only red fruit/ripe stage, H2 = green, yellow, red fruits/strip-picking stage) and soaking durations (S0 = 0, S1 = 12, S2 = 24, and S3 = 36 h) with four replications. The main observations were the morpho-physiological traits (size, weight, color, moisture content, bean yield) and the phytochemical compositions (TPC = total phenolic content, AA = antioxidant activity, and CC = caffeine content) of the coffee bean before and after the drying process. Based on morphological characteristics (bean size and weight before drying), the highest value came from selective harvesting or ripe-picking only without soaking duration application (H1S0). While the selective harvesting method with a 24 h soaking duration showed a high value for the color trait (L and b*), the treatment that affected the color trait after drying was the strip-picking harvesting method without soaking (a* and b*). On the other hand, the phytochemical contents had H1S0 for the highest TPC and AA values. In contrast, H1S1 or selective harvesting, with 12 h of soaking, had the highest value of CC. The optimum combination of harvesting methods and soaking duration will improve the quality of the Canephora coffee beans.
Bone Marrow: The Central Immune System
Authors: Schirrmacher Volker
Published: August 2023

Bone marrow is known as the site of hematopoiesis. What is not being described in textbooks of immunology is the fact that bone marrow is not only a generative, but also an antigen-responsive, immune organ. It is also a major storage site for antigen-specific memory B and T cells. That bone marrow is a priming site for T cell responses to blood borne antigens was discovered exactly 20 years ago. This review celebrates this important discovery. The review provides a number of examples of medical relevance of bone marrow as a central immune system, including cancer, microbial infections, autoimmune reactions, and bone marrow transplantation. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived stromal cells provide distinct bone marrow niches for stem cells and immune cells. By transmitting anti-inflammatory dampening effects, facilitating wound healing and tissue regeneration mesenchymal stem cells contribute to homeostasis of bone and other tissues. Based on the evidence presented, the review proposes that bone marrow is a multifunctional and protective immune system. In an analogy to the central nervous system, it is suggested that bone marrow be designated as the central immune system.
Importance of Skeletal Muscle and Interdisciplinary Team Approach in Managing Pneumonia in Older People
Authors: Ebihara Satoru , Okazaki Tatsuma , Obata Keisuke , Ebihara Takae
Published: August 2023

Pneumonia is the most frequent lower respiratory tract disease and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally [...]
Early Vitrectomy with Silicone Oil Tamponade in the Management of Postoperative Endophthalmitis
Authors: Weber Constance , Stasik Isabel , Herrmann Philipp , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen , Holz Frank G. , Liegl Raffael
Published: August 2023

Background: Early vitrectomy for postsurgical endophthalmitis may improve visual acuity outcomes. Silicone oil as a tamponade has some potential benefits in the management of endophthalmitis. This study aims to evaluate the use of a silicone oil tamponade in the surgical management of endophthalmitis. Material and Methods: All patients with a pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for postsurgical endophthalmitis at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Germany, between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We included all preoperative data, including BCVA at diagnosis, clinical findings, and symptoms. For every follow-up visit, we looked at BCVA and complications. Results: In total, 82 patients were included in this study. The mean follow-up was 13.1 months (range 1–58 months). An intravitreal injection was the cause in 42 patients (51.2%) and cataract surgery in 29 patients (35.4%). The mean interval between the causing event and the date of onset was 8.8 days (range, 1–59 days). The most prevalent pathogen was Staphylococcus epidermidis in 16 patients (19.5%). In 47 patients (57.3%), no pathogen was found. The initial best-corrected visual acuity was 2.1 logMAR and improved significantly to 1.0 logMAR after six months (p < 0.001) and 1.1 logMAR after 1 year (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, a low BCVA at diagnosis (p = 0.041) was a significant predictor for poor visual acuity outcomes. A total of 17 patients (20.1%) developed postoperative complications. Five patients (6.1%) needed an anterior chamber washout with repeated injections of antibiotics. Two patients (2.4%) had persistent fibrin and were treated with YAG-laser treatment. Three patients (6.7%) developed a retinal detachment. Two patients (2.4%) had persistent corneal decompensation with endothelial cell loss and received perforating keratoplasty. We performed a matched-pair analysis (n = 30, each group n = 15) to compare a silicone oil tamponade with BSS at the end of surgery. The visual acuity outcome showed no significant differences (BCVA after one year: 1.17 logMAR in eyes with silicone oil and 0.90 logMAR in eyes with BSS; p = 0.684). Conclusions: In our study, a vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade in the surgical management of postoperative endophthalmitis led to a significant improvement in visual acuity and had a low complication rate. Low BCVA at diagnosis was significantly associated with poor visual acuity outcomes. A comparison of silicone oil and BSS at the end of surgery showed similar results.
Early Hospital Discharge Using Remote Monitoring for Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19, Regardless of Need for Home Oxygen Therapy: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Talha Samy , Lamrous Sid , Kassegne Loic , Lefebvre Nicolas , Zulfiqar Abrar-Ahmad , Tran Ba Loc Pierre , Geny Marie , Meyer Nicolas , Hajjam Mohamed , Andrès Emmanuel , Geny Bernard
Published: August 2023

Aim: Since beds are unavailable, we prospectively investigated whether early hospital discharge will be safe and useful in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, regardless of their need for home oxygen therapy. Population and Methods: Extending the initial inclusion criteria, 62 patients were included and 51 benefited from home telemonitoring, mainly assessing clinical parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, dyspnea, temperature) and peripheral saturation (SpO2) at follow-up. Results: 47% of the patients were older than 65 years; 63% needed home oxygen therapy and/or presented with more than one comorbidity. At home, the mean time to dyspnea and tachypnea resolutions ranged from 21 to 24 days. The mean oxygen-weaning duration was 13.3 ± 10.4 days, and the mean SpO2 was 95.7 ± 1.6%. The nurses and/or doctors managed 1238 alerts. Two re-hospitalizations were required, related to transient chest pain or pulmonary embolism, but no death occurred. Patient satisfaction was good, and 743 potential days of hospitalization were saved for other patients. Conclusion: The remote monitoring of vital parameters and symptoms is safe, allowing for early hospital discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, whether or not home oxygen therapy was required. Oxygen tapering outside the hospital allowed for a greater reduction in hospital stay. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm this beneficial effect.
Elevated Total Serum Immunoglobulin A Levels in Patients with Suspicion for Celiac Disease
Authors: Sia Twan , Bacchus Leeon , Cunningham Evan , Hsia Katie , Miller Megan , Epstein Taylor , Myftija Yasmine , Mousad Albert , Dinesh Yerramalla Sai , Maddisetty Harika , Chandra Vinay , Guo Ziqi , Gupta Anya , Johnson Stephanie , Logan Julia , Mawyer Emily , Scheve Ally , Yu Haitong , Leung John
Published: August 2023

Patients with classic symptoms of celiac disease are often initially tested for serum tissue transglutaminase-immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA) and total serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels concurrently, as IgA deficiency can lead to falsely low tTG-IgA. There are no guidelines for incidental findings of elevated total serum IgA when testing for celiac disease. In our study, we described the proportion of patients with suspicion of celiac disease who had elevated total serum IgA and the factors that may be associated with these findings. We studied the management of these patients with incidental findings of elevated total serum IgA to identify its clinical significance. To investigate, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent celiac disease serologic testing at a single clinic from January 2017 to June 2022. We reported further laboratory workup and follow-up for patients with incidental findings of elevated total serum IgA by board-certified immunologists. In our chart review, 848 patients were identified, 85 (10.0%) of whom were found to be negative for celiac disease but had elevated total serum IgA levels (median IgA 351 mg/dL, interquartile range 324–382). Out of 85 patients, 73 were further evaluated by immunologists, with 55 patients undergoing additional laboratory workup. None were diagnosed with specific immunologic conditions. Male sex was identified as associated with elevated total serum IgA findings, and constipation was found in a statistically significant greater frequency of patients with normal total serum IgA rather than elevated total serum IgA. To provide external validation of our findings, we created a second patient cohort within the Stanford Research Repository database. Out of 33,875 patients identified, a similarly high proportion of patients were negative for celiac disease but had elevated total serum IgA levels (9.3%, 3140 patients). In this separate patient cohort, male sex was also identified as being associated with elevated total serum IgA. Our study also provides preliminary evidence that patients with incidental findings of elevated total serum IgA may not need further management or workup, as these abnormalities may not be clinically relevant without other clinical suspicions.
Bile Duct Lithiasis Mimicking a Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma—An Endless Dilemma: A Case Report
Authors: Piccino Marco , Hoxhaj Ilda , Grossi Ugo , Romano Maurizio , Brizzolari Marco , Scopelliti Michele , Finotti Michele , Zanus Giacomo
Published: August 2023

Hilar bile duct strictures are mostly caused by malignant lesions. The morphological appearance of perihilar cholangiocarcinomas in various imaging modalities have other malignant and even benign mimics, which pose challenges to an accurate diagnosis and treatment and drive to futile surgery. Herein, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman admitted with jaundice and abdominal pain, elevated bilirubin level, liver function tests and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level. Magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MR-CP) and the computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed a suspected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma of the common bile duct. Further spontaneous resolution of the scenario, confirmed by diagnostic assessment, changed the clinical hypothesis in favor of a non-oncological disease. Indeed, the multidisciplinary evaluation supported a diagnosis of transient cholangitis secondary to non-evident intrahepatic lithiasis rather than cholangiocarcinoma. After a 26-month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic with normal tumor markers and laboratory data. Consecutive MR-CPs showed no suspicion of malignancy. This case report underlines the need for an accurate preoperative assessment in patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma.
Impact of a Treatment Guide on Intravenous Fluids in Minimising the Risk of Hospital-Acquired Hyponatraemia in Denmark
Authors: Sindahl Per , Overgaard-Steensen Christian , Wallach-Kildemoes Helle , De Bruin Marie Louise , Kemp Kaare , Gardarsdottir Helga
Published: August 2023

Hypotonic intravenous (IV) fluids are associated with an increased risk of hospital-acquired hyponatraemia, eventually leading to brain injury and death. We evaluated the effectiveness of a treatment guide to improve prescribing practices of IV fluids. We conducted a before-and-after cross-sectional survey among physicians working at Danish emergency departments. The primary outcome was prescribing practices of IV fluids. Participants were asked which IV fluid they would select in four clinical scenarios. We applied multivariate logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio of selecting hypotonic fluids. Secondary outcomes included knowledge about IV fluids and hyponatraemia, and the receipt, reading, and usefulness of the treatment guide. After the intervention, about a third (47/154) reported that they would use hypotonic fluids in patients with increased intracranial pressure, and a quarter (39/154) would use hypotonic maintenance fluids in children, both of which are against guideline recommendations. A total of 46% selected the correct fluid, a 3% hypertonic saline solution for a patient with hyponatraemia and severe neurological symptoms. None of the knowledge questions met the predefined criteria of success of 80% correct answers. Of the respondents, 22% had received the treatment guide. Since the implementation failed, we recommend improving distribution by applying methods from implementation science.
A Deep Learning Approach for Network Intrusion Detection Using a Small Features Vector
Authors: Ghani Humera , Virdee Bal , Salekzamankhani Shahram
Published: August 2023

With the growth in network usage, there has been a corresponding growth in the nefarious exploitation of this technology. A wide array of techniques is now available that can be used to deal with cyberattacks, and one of them is network intrusion detection. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques have extensively been employed to identify network anomalies. This paper provides an effective technique to evaluate the classification performance of a deep-learning-based Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) classifier. A small feature vector is used to detect network traffic anomalies in the UNSW-NB15 and NSL-KDD datasets. The results show that a large feature set can have redundant and unuseful features, and it requires high computation power. The proposed technique exploits a small feature vector and achieves better classification accuracy.
Cutting-Edge Graphene Nanocomposites with Polythiophene—Design, Features and Forefront Potential
Authors: Kausar Ayesha , Ahmad Ishaq , Zhao Tingkai , Aldaghri Osamah , Ibnaouf Khalid H. , Eisa M. H.
Published: August 2023

Among conducting polymers, polythiophene has gained an important stance due to its remarkable physical features. Graphene is a unique, two-dimensional, nanocarbon nanomaterial. As in other polymers, graphene has been reinforced in polythiophene to form advanced nanocomposites. This comprehensive review covers the design, essential features, and methodological potential of significant polythiophene and graphene-derived nanocomposites. In this context, various facile approaches, such as in situ processing, the solution method, and analogous simplistic means, have been applied. Consequently, polythiophene/graphene nanocomposites have been investigated for their notable electron conductivity, heat conduction, mechanical robustness, morphological profile, and other outstanding properties. Studies have revealed that graphene dispersion and interactions with the polythiophene matrix are responsible for enhancing the overall characteristics of nanocomposites. Fine graphene nanoparticle dispersal and linking with the matrix have led to several indispensable technical applications of these nanocomposites, such as supercapacitors, solar cells, sensors, and related devices. Further research on graphene nanocomposites with polythiophene may lead to remarkable achievements for advanced engineering and device-related materials.
Effects of Slotted Blades on the Hydrodynamic Performance of Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbines
Authors: Yang Guangyong , Mao Zhaoyong , Zhang Tianqi , Tian Wenlong
Published: August 2023

The horizontal axis tidal turbine (HATT) is a device that harnesses the energy of ocean currents and converts it into electrical energy. The blade plays a crucial role in the efficiency of power generation in HATTs. This study focuses on the use of slotted blades to enhance the efficiency of HATTs and investigates the flow control mechanism of these slots using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Initially, CFD simulations were conducted to analyze the impact of the slot’s geometry parameters on a two-dimensional (2-D) slot and to demonstrate its passive fluid control mechanism. Subsequently, the slot was implemented on three-dimensional (3-D) blades to examine its effect on the hydrodynamic performance of the blades. The results of the 2-D simulation indicate that the width and position of the slots have a significant influence on the lift-to-drag ratio of the hydrofoils, resulting in a maximum increase of 166%. For the 3-D blades, the simulation results reveal that the slot can enhance the power coefficient of the blades, particularly at low tip-speed ratios, with a maximum increase of 7.8%.
Is Radiofrequency Ablation Superior to Intra-Articular Injections for the Treatment of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis?—A Systematic Review
Authors: Chalidis Byron , Papadopoulos Pericles , Givissis Panagiotis , Pitsilos Charalampos
Published: August 2023

The radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is considered a valid, minimally invasive treatment modality for the management of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of RFA with that of commonly used intra-articular injections for the persistent knee pain due to OA. Medline/Pubmed and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to April 2023 to identify studies comparing the effect of RFA and intra-articular injections (IAIs) on knee OA. Nine studies including 899 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. The RFA procedure was related with improved knee pain relief compared to IAIs at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up (p < 0.001). Similarly, functional improvement was greater in RFA treatment than that observed after hyaluronic acid (HA), steroid or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections (Visual Analogue Scale p < 0.001, Numeric Rating Scale p = 0.019, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index p = 0.012). The overall procedural complication rate of RFA was 10.2% and was higher than steroid (p = 0.023) and PRP (p = 0.017) injections. However, no severe adverse events were reported. For patients with symptomatic knee OA, RFA seems to be more effective than IAIs in alleviating pain and improving joint function, despite the relatively higher incidence of non-serious adverse events. However, due to the limited number of studies and patients, this result should be interpreted with caution and not be generalized to the entire knee OA population.
Urban Planning and Sustainability in the Cities of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain): Current Challenges
Authors: Rodríguez-Domenech María Ángeles , Cañizares Ruiz Maria Carmen
Published: August 2023

The concept of sustainability has recently become a key matter of concern in urban planning, especially in the context of ever-increasing populations in urban spaces, as noted in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 11, “Sustainable cities and communities”. In this study, we analyze the policies that are shaping the transition toward urban sustainability in the Spanish context. We focus on the evolution of such policies since the end of the last century, from Local Agenda 21 to the current sustainable development strategies. The territorial scope of the study covers the five provincial capitals of the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Albacete, Toledo, Guadalajara, Ciudad Real, and Cuenca). The research question posed herein is: “Have the policies that have been applied made these cities more sustainable?”. The methodology for answering this question is based on bibliographic analysis and analytical analysis, achieved by the qualitative method of interviewing the agents involved in the ISUDS, and conducting an applied analysis of the main actions developed in each of the cities, for which collaboration with the city councils has been key. Synthetic analysis has been used to conduct research using geographic information systems. The key findings relate to the progress made in achieving urban sustainability in these medium-sized cities, and the success of the urban planning process. We identified the following variables in the current ISUDS actions: new uses for unused urban lots, new building construction programs, street rehabilitation, building rehabilitation, and neighborhood regeneration.
Culturally Specific Messaging and the Explanation of Contact in Impacted Bilinguals
Authors: Otheguy Ricardo
Published: August 2023

A sketch is offered of a framework that would abandon the familiar notion of a language and the accompanying question of whether it has changed under contact. The framework would focus instead on speakers and on the linguistic consequences of people contact. Speakers in contact settings are not failing or deviating from a language’s norm while attempting to say the same things that are said in non-contact settings; rather, they are succeeding at saying different things. New arrivals face vast differences in the conceptualization of referents between their home precursor setting and the new encounter setting. These differences in conceptualization give rise to large numbers of changes in what speakers say. In most cases, these new things they say are just that, new speech or new messaging with no change in the grammar. But in a minority of cases, the new messaging does have linguistic, that is, grammatical consequences. Changes in the grammars of people in contact thus result not only, and perhaps not primarily, from formal copying or modeling but are responses to new conceptualizations prevailing in the new environment. The distinction between expressions reflecting only new conceptualizations, and those reflecting new conceptualizations and new grammar carries theoretical implications for the way linguists think about the grammars of bilinguals. And it carries applied implications for the way educators think about the linguistic performance of bilingual students, especially in social settings where they are minoritized. Data are drawn from the speech of Latin Americans and their descendants in New York City and other U.S. locales.
Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Ethanol Extract and Chemical Constituents Isolated from Homotrigona apicalis Propolis—In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Phuong Diep Thi Lan , Van Phuong Nguyen , Le Tuan Nguyen , Cong Nguyen Thanh , Hang Nguyen Thu , Thanh Le Nguyen , Hue Vu Thi , Vuong Nguyen Quoc , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Popova Milena , Trusheva Boryana , Bankova Vassya
Published: August 2023

The chemical investigation of Homotrigona apicalis propolis collected in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam, led to the isolation of nine compounds, including four sesquiterpenes: spathulenol (1), 1αH,5βH-aromandendrane-4β,10α-diol (2), 1β,6α-dihydroxy-4(15)-eudesmene (3), and 1βH,5βH-aromandendrane-4α,10β-diol (4); three triterpenes: acetyl oleanolic acid (5), 3α-hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid (6), and ursolic acid (7); and two xanthones: cochinchinone A (8) and α-mangostin (9). Sesquiterpens 1–4 and triterpene 6 were isolated for the first time from stingless bee propolis. Plants in the Cratoxylum and Aglaia genus were suggested as resin sources of the propolis sample. In the antibacterial activity evaluation, the EtOH extract only showed moderate activity on S. aureus, while the isolated compounds 7–9 showed good antibacterial activity, with IC50 values of 0.56 to 17.33 µg/mL. The EtOH extract displayed selective cytotoxicity against the A-549 cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 22.82 ± 0.86 µg/mL, and the xanthones 8 and 9 exhibited good activity against the KB, HepG-2, and A-549 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 7.55 ± 0.25 µg/mL to 29.27 ± 2.07 µg/mL. The cytotoxic effects of xanthones 8 and 9 were determined by the inhibition of the EGFR and HER2 pathways using a molecular docking study. Compounds 8 and 9 displayed strong binding affinity with EFGR and HER2, with values of −9.3 to −9.9 kcal/mol. Compounds 5, 8, and 9 showed potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, which were further confirmed by computational studies. The binding energies of compounds 5, 8, and 9 were lower than that of arcabose.