bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrastructural and Human Factors Affecting Safety Outcomes of Cyclists
Authors: Useche Sergio , Montoro Luis , Alonso Francisco , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar
Published: January 2018

The increasing number of registered road crashes involving cyclists during the last decade and the high proportion of road crashes resulting in severe injuries and fatalities among cyclists constitutes a global issue for community health, urban development and sustainability. Nowadays, the incidence of many risk factors for road crashes of cyclists remains largely unexplained. Given the importance of this issue, the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining relationships between infrastructural, human factors and safety outcomes of cyclists. Objectives: This study aimed, first, to examine the relationship between key infrastructural and human factors present in cycling, bicycle-user characteristics and their self-reported experience with road crashes. And second, to determine whether a set of key infrastructural and human factors may predict their self-reported road crashes. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a total of 1064 cyclists (38.8% women, 61.2% men; M = 32.8 years of age) from 20 different countries across Europe, South America and North America, participated in an online survey composed of four sections: demographic data and cycling-related factors, human factors, perceptions on infrastructural factors and road crashes suffered. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between human factors, infrastructural conditions and self-reported road crashes. Also, a logistic regression model found that self-reported road crashes of cyclists could be predicted through variables such as age, riding intensity, risky behaviours and problematic user/infrastructure interactions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that self-reported road crashes of cyclists are influenced by features related to the user and their interaction with infrastructural characteristics of the road.
The Compatibility of Geothermal Power Plants with Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems: The Case of the Cesine Wetland (Southern Italy)
Authors: De Giorgio Giorgio , Chieco Michele , Zuffianò Livia , Limoni Pier , Sottani Andrea , Pedron Roberto , Vettorello Luca , Stellato Luisa , Di Rienzo Brunella , Polemio Maurizio
Published: January 2018

The Cesine Wetland, located along the Adriatic coast, was recognized as a Wetland of International Interest and a National Natural Park. Managed by the “World Wide Fund for nature” (WWF), it is considered a groundwater dependent ecosystem which is affected by seawater intrusion. The site was selected to test the environmental compatibility of a low-enthalpy geothermal power plant (closed loop) operating in the aquifer saturated portion with purpose to improving the visitor centre. For this purpose, the long-lasting thermal impact on groundwater was assessed using a multi-methodological approach. The complex aquifer system was carefully studied with geological, hydrogeological and geochemical surveys, including chemical and isotopic laboratory analyses of surface water, groundwater and seawater. The isotopes δ18O, δD, δ11B, and 3H were useful to clarify the recharge contribution, the water mixing and the water age. All information was used to improve the conceptualization of the water system, including aquifers and the boundary conditions for a density driven numerical groundwater model. The purpose was to forecast anthropogenic thermal groundwater variations up to 10 years of plant working before the plant realization and to validate the solution after some working years. All results show the environmental compatibility notwithstanding the peculiar ecological environment.
A Critical Comparison of Alternative Distribution Configurations in Omni-Channel Retailing in Terms of Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Melacini Marco , Tappia Elena
Published: January 2018

New opportunities and challenges forced by the ever-increasing importance of the online channel have arisen for retailers. The retailing industry is moving to a new phase, in which the distinctions between traditional and online channels disappear, namely omni-channel (OC) retailing. At the same time, the awareness of environmentally sustainable processes has been enhanced around the world and the environmental impact that results from the online order fulfilment process is becoming a key issue for logistics managers. The new challenge is to understand how multiple channels can be synergistically managed to provide a seamless customer experience, taking an economic and environmental perspective simultaneously. Retailers need to define the distribution configuration for serving the online demand, making decisions on the integration level between online and traditional channels. In this paper, we developed an assessment model of the operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions for three distribution configurations in OC retailing. The model was also applied to a real case operating in the consumer electronics industry. Results highlighted that the search for synergies between online and traditional flows in both warehouse and transport activities is a key factor for the economic and environmental sustainability of OC systems.
The Cost of Clean Water in the Delaware River Basin (USA)
Authors: Kauffman Gerald
Published: January 2018

The Delaware River has made a marked recovery in the half-century since the adoption of the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) Compact in 1961 and passage of the Federal Clean Water Act amendments during the 1970s. During the 1960s, the DRBC set a 3.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen criterion for the river based on an economic analysis that concluded that a waste load abatement program designed to meet fishable water quality goals would generate significant recreational and environmental benefits. Scientists with the Delaware Estuary Program have recently called for raising the 1960s dissolved oxygen criterion along the Delaware River from 3.5 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L to protect anadromous American shad and Atlantic sturgeon, and address the prospect of rising temperatures, sea levels, and salinity in the estuary. This research concludes, through a nitrogen marginal abatement cost (MAC) analysis, that it would be cost-effective to raise dissolved oxygen levels to meet a more stringent standard by prioritizing agricultural conservation and some wastewater treatment investments in the Delaware River watershed to remove 90% of the nitrogen load by 13.6 million kg N/year (30 million lb N/year) for just 35% ($160 million) of the $449 million total cost. The annual least cost to reduce nitrogen loads and raise dissolved oxygen levels to meet more stringent water quality standards in the Delaware River totals $45 million for atmospheric NOX reduction, $130 million for wastewater treatment, $132 million for agriculture conservation, and $141 million for urban stormwater retrofitting. This 21st century least cost analysis estimates that an annual investment of $50 million is needed to reduce pollutant loads in the Delaware River to raise dissolved oxygen levels to 4.0 mg/L, $150 million is needed for dissolved oxygen levels to reach 4.5 mg/L, and $449 million is needed for dissolved oxygen levels to reach 5.0 mg/L.
A Paradigm Shift in Water Quality Governance in a Transitional Context: A Critical Study about the Empowerment of Local Governance in Georgia
Authors: Withanachchi Sisira , Ghambashidze Giorgi , Kunchulia Ilia , Urushadze Teo , Ploeger Angelika
Published: January 2018

The management of water quality is an important part of natural resource governance. Assurance of water quality therefore requires formulation of the regulatory framework and institutional process. Water quality-related problems and their management are mainly recognized as local responsibilities in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The politics of environmental policy-making should consider the political economic dynamics and socio-ecological patterns. Decentralization by providing more power to the local level and moving to a new spatial management system that is based on water basins are the two strong entreaties in the new water governance paradigm. Transitional countries facing rapid institutional adjustment, restructuring of regulations, and political-economic changes are encountering these demands internally and externally in their policy formulations. In this context, this study critically examines the case of Georgia, a transitional country. In particular, the focus is on how local governance entities can be empowered and what obstacles water quality governance encounters in Georgia. Qualitative research design is the main research method implemented in this study. The key findings from the research analysis are as follows: the existing regulations and governance system do not facilitate the active engagement of local entities in water quality governance. The application of new water polices may fail again if a top-down governance model is put in place that only creates a narrow space for local governance entities to effectively govern water quality.
La grotte de la Movile (Dobroudja, Roumanie). Analyses minéralogiques
Authors: Diaconu G. , Morar Mariana
Published: January 2018

Les auteurs présentent les résultats des analyses aux rayons X qui attestent, dans la Grotte de la Movile, de la présence d'une association minéralogique constituée de calcite, aragonite, ankérite et quartz. Les auteurs envisagent également les conditions d'une genèse spécifique pour cette grotte particulièrement affectée par des eaux thermominérales sulfureuses.
ASSESSMENT OF ACID-BASE BUFFERING PROPERTIES OF SOILS
OF THE CITY OF CHERKASSY
Authors: MOVSESIAN Diana , MYSLYUK Olga
Published: January 2018

The research carried out showed that the amount of the buffering capacity of soil in acid and alkaline ranges
varied within 27–98% (from low to very high) and 31–81% (from medium to very high) respectively. The specific features
of acid-base buffering capacity of soils are in asymmetry with buffering areas. For the first time the computer generated
models were created using the software package SURFER that will allow to monitor the urban soils’ state in time and
space, to estimate the degree of their degradation under the influence of growing technogenic load, to specify the peculiarities
of the formation of ecogeochemical situation in the city. The city map was zoned by acid-base buffering properties of
soils based on the theoretical, statistical and visual interpretation of cartographic data.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON PLANT GROWTH
Authors: MOROZ Irina , CHEMERYS Ingrida
Published: January 2018

The increasing level of electromagnetic radiation is a dangerous factor that poses risks of damage to living
organisms. Currently, research focuses on the influence of industrial sources of electromagnetic radiation; however, the
sources of such radiation in the living environment are given insufficient attention. The combined effects of these sources
of radiation on living organisms can be investigated using phytoindication. The purpose of the current study was to analyze
the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the growth of cereals. Assessment of the trends of change in the length of shoots
of test objects at the average absolute growth, the average rate of change and the average growth rate showed inhibition of
plant growth indicators, but the most depressing effect was caused by radiation from a computer systems unit and a TV
(shorter shoots compared to the control samples ranged between 13.3% in Hordeum vulgare L. to 46.2% in Sorghum
vulgare Pers.). The study defined the sensitivity of test objects to electromagnetic radiation of appliances (in descending
order): Sorghum vulgare Pers. – Triticum aestivum L. – Hordeum vulgare L. (maximum inhibition of growth performance
compared to control samples stood at 46.2%, 27.9%, 15.3% respectively).
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DROPLET BIOFILTER PACKED WITH GREEN
SPHAGNUM TO CLEAN AIR FROM VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: PETRAUSKAITĖ Erika , VAIŠKŪNAITĖ Rasa
Published: January 2018

Volatile organic compound pollution is one of the problems of outdoor and indoor environment air quality. In
order to maintain good air quality, air cleaning technologies are being engaged. One of the recent biological air treatment
technology is biofiltration. It is a promising treatment of air from volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Experimental research of droplet biofilter for cleaning VOCs was carried out. Biofilter load of green sphagnum was used
with the aim to clean three different concentrations of pollutant toluene. Measurements of biofiltration processes were
recorded after 20 and 40 days. The aim of this experimental research is to estimate biofilter efficiency using green sphagnum
as a load material.
POTENCIALIAI TOKSIŠKŲ ELEMENTŲ IŠPLOVIMO IŠ PIROLIZĖS BŪDU APDIRBTŲ MEDINIŲ PABĖGIŲ VERTINIMAS
Authors: USEVIČIŪTĖ Luiza , BALTRĖNAITĖ Edita
Published: January 2018

Medienos produktai, paveikti medienos konservantais, kelia visuomenės susirūpinimą dėl galimo toksiško pavojaus tiek ekosistemoms, tiek žmonių sveikatai. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti, ar galima pirolizės būdu tam tikras problemiškai užterštas medienos atliekas – šiuo atveju pabėgius – perdirbti į pirogeninį karbonatingą produktą su mažesne užtaršos aplinkai rizika. Pagaminti du pirogeninio produkto tipai iš pabėgių (PSB450 ir PSB700) bei nustatytos jų fizinės ir cheminės savybės. Pirolizės temperatūros – 450 °C ir 700 °C, trukmė – 2 val. Pabėgių pirogeninio produkto Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd ir Pb išplovimui įvertinti buvo naudojamas vienakryptės srovės išplovimo testas, kuris yra tinkamas įvertinti įvairių atliekų išplovimo charakteristikas ir galimą teršalų patekimą į aplinką. Nustatyta, kad abu pirogeninio produkto tipai atitiko aukščiausios kokybės bioanglies kriterijus pagal visus šešis elementus, išskyrus PSB700 tipą, kuris pagal Ni atitiko pagrindinės bioanglies kokybės kriterijus. Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd ir Pb išsiplovę kiekiai iš tirtų pabėgių bioanglies tipų buvo nežymūs. Jų išsiplovę kiekiai, lyginant su pradiniu elementų kiekiu, siekė nuo 0,07 % iki 11,28 %.
STIKLO VATOS PLOKŠTĖMIS PADENGTŲ MEDINIŲ IR METALINIŲ
KONSTRUKCIJŲ SU KINTAMA GARSO IZOLIACIJA
EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI
Authors: VILNIŠKIS Tomas , JANUŠEVIČIUS Tomas
Published: January 2018

Tyrimų metu buvo ištirtos dvi skirtingos akustinių žaliuzių konstrukcijos. Viena konstrukcija sudaryta iš 7
medinių plokščių, įtvirtintų mediniame rėme, kurių ilgis 1 metras ir plotis 0,3 metro. Kita konstrukcija sudaryta iš tokių
pačių parametrų metalinių plokščių įtvirtintų mediniame rėme. Atlikus matavimus buvo nustatyta, jog konstrukcijos su
medinėmis plokštėmis garso lygio sumažėjimas yra didesnis visame dažnių diapazone. Žemų dažnių garsą ši konstrukcija
slopina iki 5 dB geriau, vidutinių dažnių garsą slopina taip pat 5 dB geriau, o aukštų dažnių diapazone konstrukcija su
medinėmis plokštėmis garso lygi slopina 12–15 dB geriau. Lyginant abi konstrukcijas, nustatyta, jog ekvivalentinis garso
lygio sumažėjimas naudojant konstrukciją su medinėmis plokštėmis yra nuo 2 dB iki 4,6 dB didesnis.
KREOZOTU IMPREGNUOTŲ MEDINIŲ GELEŽINKELIO PABĖGIŲ UTILIZAVIMO TECHNOLOGIJŲ ANALIZĖ IR VERTINIMAS
Authors: VILNIŠKIS Rokas , VAIŠKŪNAITĖ Rasa
Published: January 2018

Mediniai geležinkelio pabėgiai yra impregnuojami naudojant chemines medžiagas, taip siekiant padidinti jų ilgaamžiškumą, apsaugoti nuo neigiamo aplinkos poveikio, biologinės korozijos ir suteikti kitas naudingas eksploatacines savybes. Impregnavimui yra naudojama cheminė medžiaga – kreozotas, kuris gaunamas iš akmens anglies ir susideda iš PAA (policiklinių aromatinių angliavandenilių), fenolinių junginių ir heterociklinių aromatinių junginių, kurie yra stiprūs kancerogenai. Impregnuoti mediniai geležinkelio pabėgiai yra kenksmingi aplinkai ir žmogui, todėl jų atliekos turi būti tvarkomos (utilizuojamos) vadovaujantis galiojančiais teisės aktais ir mažiausiai neigiamą poveikį aplinkai darančiu būdu. Plačiausiai paplitęs atliekų, tarp jų ir medinių geležinkelio pabėgių, utilizavimo būdas yra terminis apdorojimas.
SIMULATION OF ROOM ACOUSTICS USING COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS
Authors: KHRYSTOSLAVENKO Olga , GRUBLIAUSKAS Raimondas
Published: January 2018

The modeling programs provide a wide range of possibilities for simulating acoustic systems. This paper describes
programs used in acoustics for various purposes, such as Sound PLAN, AFMG SoundFlow, WinFLAG, Comsol
multiphysics, ANSYS, Roomsim. For the purposes of the current research, the acoustic simulation of the room was carried
out. Physical parameters as impedance, sound hard boundary and normal velocity were considered. The sound pressure
level in rooms was investigated. Possibilities of using Comsol Multiphysics in the research of acoustics were investigated.
Results of the current research show high-frequency eigenmodes located in the corners of the room and in the center
of the room. Sound pressure level increased from low to medium frequency and then decreased with frequency drifts. At
the frequency of 5000 Hz, minimum sound pressure is observed, which is associated with the decrease in the wavelength
co-occurring with the decrease in frequency.
Simultaneous Observation of a Flux Rope Eruption and Magnetic Reconnection during an X-class Solar Flare
Authors: Yan X. L. , Yang L. H. , Xue Z. K. , Mei Z. X. , Kong D. F. , Wang J. C. , Li Q. L.
Published: January 2018

In this Letter, we present a spectacular eruptive flare (X8.2) associated with a coronal mass ejection on 2017 September 10 at the west limb of the Sun. A flux rope eruption is followed by the inflow, the formation of a current sheet, and a cusp structure, which were simultaneously observed during the occurrence of this flare. The hierarchical layers of the cusp-shaped structure are well observed in 131 Å observation. The scenario that can be created from these observations is very consistent with the predictions of some eruptive models. Except for the characteristics mentioned above in the process of the flare predicted by classical eruption models, the current sheet separating into several small current sheets is also observed at the final stage of the flux rope eruption. The quantitative calculation of the velocities and accelerations of the inflow, hot cusp structure, and post-flare loops is presented. The width of the current sheet is estimated to be about 3 × 103 km. These observations are very useful in understanding the process of solar eruptions.
La Rance, 50 ans de turbinage. Et après ? Le statu quo est-il la seule option pertinente ?
Authors: Sonnic Ewan
Published: January 2018

L’énergie marémotrice est systématiquement citée dans la documentation française traitant des énergies marines renouvelables (EMR), soulignant à chaque fois le caractère précurseur de la France en la matière grâce à l’usine marémotrice de la Rance. Pourtant, alors que le soutien aux EMR en général est grandissant, l’avenir de cette technologie est fortement compromis en France, que ce soit sous la forme de nouveaux projets, pourtant de plus en plus nombreux à l’étranger, ou à travers l’amélioration du potentiel marémoteur de la Rance, quasiment jamais évoqué, mais qui semble une option digne d’intérêt à y regarder attentivement.
Uspallata (Argentine) : croissance d’une ville andine, actions locales, construction identitaire
Authors: Zamorano Gloria
Published: January 2018

Dans le contexte du Mercosur, et d’une croissance significative du trafic de passagers et de marchandises sur le Corridor Andin Mendoza-Santiago du Chili, Uspallata, seule ville de ce tronçon de la route Panaméricaine), connaît une augmentation notable de sa population. Une grande proportion de cette croissance est migratoire, et participe à la construction d’une nouvelle identité. Le but de ce travail est donc d’analyser les composants subjectifs et objectifs dans la dialectique entre l’espace et la société, les actions quotidiennes des sujets, et la relation formes-sens.
Funciones y valoraciones de la caza y su gestión en España: estudios científicos sobre el colectivo cinegético
Authors: Delibes-Mateos Miguel , Caro Jesús , Arroyo Beatriz
Published: January 2018

Resumimos la información aportada por estudios científicos recientes sobre las opiniones, visiones y actitudes de los cazadores españoles sobre la caza y su gestión. En concreto, discutimos las distintas funciones que atribuyen los cazadores a la actividad cinegética (económicas, ecológicas y sociales), así como los juicios morales asociados a diversas motivaciones para cazar. Seguidamente, exploramos las valoraciones expresadas por cazadores y gestores respecto a ciertas herramientas de gestión cinegética (concretamente, el control de depredadores, las sueltas de perdices de granja, y la regulación de la presión de caza), y discutimos sobre cómo éstas influyen en la toma de decisiones. Por último, exploramos las posibles tendencias futuras de esta actividad, a partir de lo expresado por los propios cazadores.
Gestión cinegética racional ligada a la praxis de la caza y la recolección. ¿Entelequia aristotélica o quimera?
Authors: Vargas Yáñez Juan Mario , Farfán Aguilar Miguel Ángel , Duarte Duarte Jesús , Fa John E.
Published: January 2018

Gestión cinegética racional ligada a la praxis de la caza y la recolección. ¿Entelequia aristotélica o quimera? Desde los albores de su historia filogenética, el consumo de proteínas de origen animal ha tenido gran relevancia en la evolución de los humanos. La caza cooperativa representa una estrategia evolutiva estable a partir del momento en que los cazadores paleolíticos se especializan en la persecución de grandes animales. Todo este proceso implica la adopción de decisiones relacionadas con la gestión de la caza, algunas de las cuales siguen siendo utilizadas por los cazadores-recolectores contemporáneos. En estas sociedades que todavía practican la caza como medio de subsistencia, la composición de sus respectivas dietas y las técnicas de explotación empleadas son explicables bajo supuestos teóricos contenidos en la Teoría del Forrajeo Óptimo (TFO). Con objeto de poner a prueba dicha teoría, se han tomado en consideración cuatro decisiones que implican la adopción de diferentes estrategias de gestión por parte de los cazadores-recolectores: I) qué comer, II) dónde y cómo buscar el alimento, III) cuáles son el tamaño y composición más adecuados del grupo de cazadores-recolectores y IV) qué pautas de manipulación y reparto de las presas son más eficientes. La TFO se ha puesto a prueba en diversas ocasiones y, en un alto porcentaje de los casos estudiados, sus predicciones se ajustan a lo observado en distintas sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras. Esto significa que la maximización de los rendimientos de captura a corto plazo es su principal preocupación, en lugar de comportarse como “depredadores prudentes” o realizar una selección pasiva de sus presas en función del tamaño, accesibilidad y abundancia de las mismas. Dicho comportamiento no niega que los cazadores-recolectores actúen como conservacionistas pero descarta que esa sea la principal preocupación de su modo de vida. No cabe duda de que los pueblos indígenas tienen un amplio conocimiento del medio, pero no está claro si lo utilizan para mantener un balance con la naturaleza o para ser cazadores más eficientes Es más probable que la extracción sostenible se deba a una baja presión de caza en zonas donde abundan las presas, lo que constituye un epifenómeno en lugar de una estrategia deliberada de conservación. A tenor de los datos disponibles, seguir manteniendo el mito del salvaje ecológicamente noble es tan falaz como peligroso de cara a la solución de sus problemas presentes y futuros. Dicha concepción errónea deriva, en parte, de confundir sostenibilidad y conservación. No obstante, resulta oportuno recordar que las conclusiones derivadas de la presente revisión tienen un valor estrictamente académico y no justifican juicios morales improcedentes respecto a los derechos de los cazadores-recolectores.
La gestión del lobo en España. Controversias científicas en torno a su caza
Authors: Blanco Juan Carlos
Published: January 2018

El lobo (Canis lupus) disminuyó en España durante gran parte del siglo XX. Pero a partir de los años 70, comenzó una recuperación que ha continuado hasta la actualidad, cuando se estima la presencia de más de 2.000 ejemplares en unos 115.000 km2 del cuadrante noroccidental español. Los conflictos con el ganado convierten al lobo en una especie polémica y obligan a su control en algunas zonas de España. Su gran capacidad de adaptación y su elevado potencial reproductivo permiten su explotación cinegética. Sin embargo, el lobo es una especie simbólica en un importante sector de la población, lo que añade complejidad a la regulación de su caza y a toda su gestión. Este artículo describe la gestión del lobo en las distintas comunidades autónomas españolas y los aspectos ecológicos y sociales que explican el conflicto del lobo. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica, discutimos el papel de la caza y el turismo del lobo en el desarrollo rural, y se presentan los debates actuales sobre si la caza mejora la percepción del lobo y reduce el furtivismo y los daños al ganado.
El patrimonio cultural como factor de desarrollo turístico: estudio de caso en la ciudad de Córdoba
Authors: González Santa Cruz Francisco , López-Guzmán Tomás
Published: January 2018

El patrimonio cultural inmaterial conforma la propia historia de los pueblos. El presente estudio trata de profundizar en el concepto de esta tipología de patrimonio y, específicamente, analiza la Fiesta de los Patios de Córdoba (España), declarada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) como Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad en 2012. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los principales resultados de una investigación realizada a los turistas que participaron en la Fiesta de los Patios en 2014, desagregado por género. La investigación demuestra la presencia mayoritaria de turistas con estudios universitarios, con una edad superior a los 50 años y con un nivel de renta medio.
Las guerras equivocadas. La ciencia y su entorno cultural
Authors: Álvarez Toledo Sebastián
Published: January 2018

Han sido y son frecuentes los conflictos de la ciencia con su entorno cultural, en especial los que surgen de una supuesta incompatibilidad entre la cultura científica y la humanista. Un capitulo reciente de estos conflictos han sido las llamadas guerras de la ciencia, en las que se ha venido discutiendo sobre el lugar y prestigio social de la ciencia respecto de la cultura de humanidades y se han esbozado algunas propuestas para superar el tradicional antagonismo entre ellas. En este artículo trato de esta última cuestión y, retomando ideas de Otto Neurath acerca de la unidad de la ciencia, concluyo que el mejor modo posible de coexistencia y entendimiento entre ciencia y humanidades es el que tiene como base su colaboración en la solución de problemas sociales.
Early Experiences With Family Involvement
Authors: Burris Jade
Published: January 2018

This chapter reviews the impact early experiences with family involvement have on young children and their families, early childhood programs, and teachers. The author discusses the growing demand for early childhood services, characterized by a growing and changing society. There is discussion of developmentally appropriate practices and the ethical conduct of early childhood teachers as they navigate issues of social justice related to family involvement and engagement. The author presents findings from a recent pilot study to illustrate the successes and challenges experienced by eight diverse early childhood programs as they reflected on their family involvement practices. The author also emphasizes the importance of promoting equity and celebrating diversity through family involvement practices including examples, successes, and challenges that may arise.
Family Literacy and Social Justice
Authors: Collier-Stewart Shartriya
Published: January 2018

The new Common Core State Standards are shifting education in a powerful way. Specifically, they are now tasking university teacher educators, K-12 administrators, and teachers to equip students with lifelong literacy skills. Students must learn skills such as how to develop effective argumentation and analyze and interpret complex texts. While such tasks can be quite daunting for the average monolingual speaker, they are even more challenging for children and families who do not speak English as a first language. This chapter examines the development of an eight-week intergenerational family literacy program: Teaching the Acquisition of Language Through English and Storytelling (T.A.L.E.S.). Through the use of the arts and storytelling, families were able to cultivate their bilingual voices and celebrate their multicultural identities. This chapter explores how such programs may be used as a vehicle for social justice, designed to integrate a community literacy model in which all stakeholders are accountable.
Exploring the Link Between Cruelty to Animals and Violence Against People
Authors: Boskovic Milica , Putnik Nenad , Jankovic Brankica
Published: January 2018

Violence is a form of behavior of an individual, manifested in the use of physical force, psychological and verbal torture, and sexual abuse. Types of violence in which physical, mental, financial or any other aspect is significantly disproportionate in favor of the perpetrator, there are two especially sensitive types of violence: domestic violence and violence against animals. In this chapter, the authors wish to create convenient theoretical/bibliographical foundation for further studies, and to analyze actual data about these criminal acts. In order to achieve this, besides analysis and presentation of relevant past research studies in this field, attempts were also made to analyze official evidence provided by the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the official evidence obtained from the courts at several cities regarding charges brought in these cases.
Forensic Psychiatric Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency and Sexual Abuse Perspective
Authors: Shema Claude R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how, although, sexual offenders commit sexual offences as a source of pleasure to themselves, sometimes with harm intended, the vast majority of victims endure long-lasting adverse impacts that affect them in all aspects of life. Juvenile delinquency has become much more prevalent, or more so known in the age of digital media and enhanced communication. Thus, the rapid evolvement and revolutionized media has made the issue more known to the communities and society, as the families and stakeholders seek for reasons behind the rise of sexual assaults, and possible strategies to tackle the pandemic. Although, it has often been perceived as a maladaptive and learning related behavior, literature suggests that majority of the juvenile delinquents suffer from psychological and psychiatric disorders, from mild, moderate to severe psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent disorders found were: ADHD, substance abuse disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, conduct disorder, FASD and oppositional defiance disorder to be the most prevalent among juvenile delinquents.
Being a Child Is a “Serious Game”
Authors: Manna Valentina , Pisanti Oscar
Published: January 2018

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the main and most recent research trends for the prevention of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA), by summarizing and discussing related theoretical and methodological issues, debated among scholars. Starting from European and International recommendations, the authors will focus on the most innovative approaches and prevention programs, by particularly exploring the necessity to reinforce children's ability to self-protect, the need for involving trusted adults in prevention programs, and the possibility to adopt serious games as innovative and child-appropriated tools to this end.
Unveiling the Concepts of Sexual Abuse Among Boys
Authors: Ghosh Snigdha
Published: January 2018

The chapter focuses on the concepts of sexual abuse among boys, the vulnerability, consequences and aftereffect in their life, it also attempted to put light on the prevention and measures that can be adopted.
Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Thukral Shubham , Rodriguez Tania Debra
Published: January 2018

This chapter outlines briefly the dynamics of the interplay between Child Sexual Abuse and Family. Child abuse is a state of emotional, physical, economic and sexual maltreatment meted out to a person below the age of eighteen and is a globally prevalent phenomenon. Child abuse is a violation of the basic human rights of a child and is an outcome of a set of inter-related familial factors among other ones. The primary focus is on the issues of intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse, familial risk factors for abuse and broadly some theories that contribute to the understanding of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. The chapter also explores reactions of the family to the sexually abused child, evaluation of the interventions suitable for the same and the status of psychotherapy with respect to the sexually abused child and their family.
IL-10 Paradoxically Promotes Autoimmune Neuropathy through S1PR1-Dependent CD4+ T Cell Migration
Authors: Smith Collin-Jamal , Allard Denise E. , Wang Yan , Howard James F. , Montgomery Stephanie A. , Su Maureen A.
Published: January 2018

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a debilitating condition caused by autoimmune demyelination of peripheral nerves. CIDP is associated with increased IL-10, a cytokine with well-described anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of IL-10 in CIDP is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-10 paradoxically exacerbates autoimmunity against peripheral nerves. In IL-10–deficient mice, protection from neuropathy was associated with an accrual of highly activated CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes and absence of infiltrating immune cells in peripheral nerves. Accumulated CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes of IL-10–deficient mice expressed lower sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1pr1), a protein important in lymphocyte egress. Additionally, IL-10 stimulation in vitro induced S1pr1 expression in lymph node cells in a STAT3-dependent manner. Together, these results delineate a novel mechanism in which IL-10–induced STAT3 increases S1pr1 expression and CD4+ T cell migration to accelerate T cell–mediated destruction of peripheral nerves.
Monosodium Urate Crystals Generate Nuclease-Resistant Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via a Distinct Molecular Pathway
Authors: Chatfield Simon M. , Grebe Kathrin , Whitehead Lachlan W. , Rogers Kelly L. , Nebl Thomas , Murphy James M. , Wicks Ian P.
Published: January 2018

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the cell death associated with it (NETosis) have been implicated in numerous diseases. Mechanistic studies of NETosis have typically relied on nonphysiological stimuli, such as PMA. The human disease of gout is caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. We observed that DNA consistent with NETs is present in fluid from acutely inflamed joints of gout patients. NETs also coat the crystals found in uninflamed tophi of chronic gout patients. We developed a quantitative, live cell imaging assay, which measures the key features of NETosis, namely, cell death and chromatin decondensation. We show that MSU and other physiologically relevant crystals induce NETosis through a molecular pathway that is distinct from PMA and Candida hyphae. Crystals interact with lysosomes to induce NADPH oxidase-independent cell death, with postmortem chromatin decondensation mediated by neutrophil elastase. The resulting MSU-induced NETs are enriched for actin and are resistant to serum and DNase degradation. These findings demonstrate a distinct physiological NETosis pathway in response to MSU crystals, which coats MSU crystals in DNA that persists in tissues as gouty tophi.
Capturing tacit knowledge: A case of traditional doctors in Mozambique
Authors: Ayub Yasser I.R. , Kogeda Okuthe P. , Lall Manoj
Published: January 2018

Background: The indigenous healers or traditional doctors play a significant role in the healthcare provisioning in Africa. Although traditional healing has been in practice for several centuries, very little has been achieved in terms of harvesting the wealth of tacit knowledge possessed by these practitioners for future references.Objective: The objectives of this article were twofold. The first objective was to capture the tacit knowledge possessed by traditional healers in Mozambique. The second objective was to enhance preservation of tacit knowledge for sharing and training of other traditional healers.Method: The cognitive semiotic model was used as a basis for capturing the tacit knowledge. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by using interviews and questionnaires were applied during systems requirements elucidation, designing the user interface and in building the knowledge repository. In the requirement elucidation phase, 13 traditional doctors were interviewed. Besides text and voice recordings, video recordings and photos were used in capturing the tacit knowledge. The usability of the system was tested by using the heuristic evaluation technique.Results: The findings revealed that the system developed could be used for capturing the tacit knowledge and storing it in an explicit form. The usability tests indicated that the prototype developed served its purpose to a great extent.Conclusion: The study concludes that cognitive semiotic model is a suitable tool for capturing tacit knowledge of traditional doctors in Mozambique. The results of the usability evaluation confirm that the system developed supports information sharing and ease of use. It is observed that the developed application could support users with little formal education. However, some basic computer literacy training would assist in maximising the benefits of the system.
Workplace spirituality, work engagement and thriving at work
Authors: Van der Walt Freda
Published: January 2018

Orientation: In order to create competitive advantage in an increasingly turbulent economic environment, sustainability of high performance is crucial. Only a few individuals have the drive, mindset, discipline and ability to sustain high performance on a daily basis. Thus, it is necessary to consider what can be done so that employees can sustain high performance over the long term.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish whether spiritual workplaces will enhance employees’ work engagement and thriving at work.Motivation for the study: Two important mechanisms for understanding the human dimension of sustainability are thriving at work and work engagement. However, because work engagement and thriving are affective-motivational states, it is necessary to consider contextual factors that promote these positive states. As work engagement and thriving at work move beyond mere energy, to a sense of connectedness, it seems important that spiritual workplaces are created.Research approach, design and method: The study was quantitative in nature, and data were collected from employees working at small, medium and macro enterprises (SMMEs) in one geographical area in South Africa. The final sample consisted of 259 employees. A survey that was cross-sectional in nature was conducted by means of a self-administered questionnaire.Main findings: The findings of the study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between workplace spirituality, work engagement and thriving at work. Furthermore, workplace spirituality significantly influences the variance in both work engagement and thriving at work.Practical or managerial implications: In order for SMMEs to promote work engagement and thriving at work, spiritual workplaces need to be created. Furthermore, emphasis needs to be placed on the work experience, rather than on work outcomes. It is also important that SMMEs develop employees holistically, that they create spiritually based organisational cultures and that they pay more attention to relationship management and networking.Contribution or value-add: The study contributes to the literature on workplace spirituality, work engagement and thriving at work.
Connectivity in Hypergraphs
Authors: Dewar Megan , Pike David , Proos John
Published: January 2018

In this paper we consider two natural notions of connectivity for hypergraphs: weak and strong. We prove that the strong vertex connectivity of a connected hypergraph is bounded by its weak edge connectivity, thereby extending a theorem of Whitney from graphs to hypergraphs. We find that, while determining a minimum weak vertex cut can be done in polynomial time and is equivalent to finding a minimum vertex cut in the 2-section of the hypergraph in question, determining a minimum strong vertex cut is NP-hard for general hypergraphs. Moreover, the problem of finding minimum strong vertex cuts remains NP-hard when restricted to hypergraphs with maximum edge size at most 3. We also discuss the relationship between strong vertex connectivity and the minimum transversal problem for hypergraphs, showing that there are classes of hypergraphs for which one of the problems is NP-hard, while the other can be solved in polynomial time.
Feasibility of a Manualized Occupation-Based Diabetes Management Intervention
Authors: Carandang Kristine M. , Pyatak Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the feasibility and acceptability of an occupational therapy intervention targeting diabetes management for underserved young adults.

METHOD. Eight participants completed the intervention and a battery of assessments at baseline and after the intervention. At completion, the participants and occupational therapist were interviewed about their experiences with the study. Four categories of assessment questions were used to guide the study: process, resource, management, and scientific.

RESULTS. Successes included recruitment; fulfillment of tasks by staff and partnering clinics; adequate space, financial support, and equipment; and meaningfulness of the intervention for participants. Challenges included scheduling participants for the intervention and follow-up focus groups and providing client centeredness and flexibility while reducing burden on the intervener.

CONCLUSION. This feasibility study allowed us to make necessary revisions to our study protocol before implementing a larger pilot study.
Rapid and reliable assessment of methane impacts on climate
Authors: Ocko Ilissa B. , Naik Vaishali , Paynter David
Published: January 2018

Abstract. It is clear that the most effective way to limit global temperature rise and associated impacts is to reduce human emissions of greenhouse gases, including methane. However, quantification of the climate benefits of mitigation options are complicated by the contrast in the timescales at which short-lived climate pollutants, such as methane, persist in the atmosphere as compared to carbon dioxide. Whereas simple metrics fail to capture the differential impacts across all timescales, sophisticated climate models that can address these temporal dynamics are often inaccessible, time-intensive, and require special infrastructure. Reduced-complexity models offer an ideal compromise in that they provide quick, reliable insights into the benefits across types of climate pollutants using basic knowledge and limited computational infrastructure. In this paper, we build on previous evaluations of the freely-available and easy-to-run reduced-complexity climate model MAGICC by confirming its ability to reproduce temperature responses to historical methane emissions. By comparing MAGICC model results to those from the reference GFDL CM3 coupled global chemistry-climate model, we build confidence in using MAGICC for purposes of understanding the climate implications of methane mitigation. MAGICC can easily and rapidly provide robust data on climate responses to changes in methane emissions.
Drift-corrected Odin-OSIRIS ozone product: algorithm and updated stratospheric ozone trends
Authors: Bourassa Adam E. , Roth Chris Z. , Zawada Daniel J. , Rieger Landon A. , McLinden Chris A. , Degenstein Douglas A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A small long-term drift in the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager
System (OSIRIS) stratospheric ozone product, manifested mostly since 2012, is
quantified and attributed to a changing bias in the limb pointing knowledge
of the instrument. A correction to this pointing drift using a predictable
shape in the measured limb radiance profile is implemented and applied within
the OSIRIS retrieval algorithm. This new data product, version 5.10, displays
substantially better both long- and short-term agreement with Microwave Limb Sounder
(MLS) ozone throughout the stratosphere due to the pointing correction. Previously
reported stratospheric ozone trends over the time period 1984–2013, which
were derived by merging the altitude–number density ozone profile
measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II
satellite instrument (1984–2005) and from OSIRIS (2002–2013), are
recalculated using the new OSIRIS version 5.10 product and extended to 2017.
These results still show statistically significant positive trends throughout
the upper stratosphere since 1997, but at weaker levels that are more closely
in line with estimates from other data records.
Assessing snow extent data sets over North America to inform trace gas retrievals from solar backscatter
Authors: Cooper Matthew J. , Martin Randall V. , Lyapustin Alexei I. , McLinden Chris A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Accurate representation of surface reflectivity is essential to tropospheric trace gas retrievals from solar backscatter observations. Surface snow cover presents a significant challenge due to its variability; however, the high reflectance of snow is advantageous for trace gas retrievals. We first examine the implications of surface snow on retrievals from the upcoming TEMPO geostationary instrument for North America. We use a radiative transfer model to examine how an increase in surface reflectivity due to snow cover changes the sensitivity of satellite retrievals to NO2 in the lower troposphere. We find that a substantial fraction (> 50 %) of the TEMPO field of regard can be snow covered in January, and that the average sensitivity to the tropospheric NO2 column substantially increases (doubles) when the surface is snow covered. We then evaluate seven existing satellite-derived or reanalysis snow extent products against ground station observations over North America to assess their capability of informing surface conditions for TEMPO retrievals. The Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) had the best agreement with ground observations (accuracy = 93 %, precision = 87 %, recall = 83 %, F = 85 %). Multiangle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) retrievals of MODIS observed radiances had high precision (90 % for Aqua and Terra), but underestimated the presence of snow (recall = 74 % for Aqua, 75 % for Terra). MAIAC generally outperforms the standard MODIS products (precision = 51 %, recall = 43 % for Aqua; precision = 69 %, recall = 45 % for Terra). The Near-real-time Ice and Snow Extent (NISE) product had good precision (83 %) but missed a significant number of snow covered pixels (recall = 45 %). The Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Daily Snow Depth Analysis Data set had strong performance metrics (accuracy = 91 %, precision = 79 %, recall = 82 %, F = 81 %). We use the F score, which balances precision and recall, to determine overall product performance (F = 85 %, 82(82) %, 81 %, 58 %, 46(54) % for IMS, MAIAC Aqua(Terra), CMC, NISE, MODIS Aqua(Terra) respectively) for providing snow cover information for TEMPO retrievals from solar backscatter observations.