bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of the pending interest table in the cellular network with reservation and retrials
Authors: Chung Shun‐Ping , Pai Hui‐Yu , Lin Chia‐Hsin , Lin Guan‐Ting
Published: April 2020

To solve the inefficient use of internet protocol (IP) addresses in the current host‐centric internet, the content‐centric networking (CCN) replaces the IP address with the content name and the cache memory is used to store data temporarily on each router. One of the key components in CCN is the pending interest table (PIT). When an interest arrives at a CCN node, the node searches the PIT entries for the same request. If no, the node searches the PIT for an idle entry and a request is sent. If there is no idle entry, the request is blocked. If yes, the aggregation mechanism is performed. To prevent the request from becoming out‐of‐date, the timeout mechanism is adopted. In this work, the authors focus on the performance analysis of PIT in the cellular network with two classes of interests, new and handoff interests. To provide service differentiation, a reservation mechanism is adopted. Furthermore, interests may enter the retrial queue and wait to retry later. First, the authors derived the analytical model for the system considered. Second, the impact of various system parameters on the performance measures is studied. Last but not least, computer simulation is written to verify the accuracy of the analytical results.
Static voltage stability margin calculation of power systems with high wind power penetration based on the interval optimisation method
Authors: Lin Shunjiang , Yang Yuerong , Liu Mingbo , Xie Yuquan , Lu Yuan
Published: April 2020

Calculation of the static voltage stability margin (SVSM) of a power system with high wind‐power penetration requires consideration of the uncertain fluctuation of wind farms' (WFs') output. Using interval numbers to describe the uncertain WF output fluctuation and based on the interval optimisation theory, a new SVSM interval calculation method is proposed. The method establishes two bi‐level optimal power flow (OPF) models to calculate the SVSM interval, including a min–min model for the upper bound and a max–min model for the lower bound. Through the dual theory of convex programming, the max–min model is transformed into a max–max model, which is solved by transforming it into a one‐layer optimisation model. Using correlation angles to describe the correlation of different WF output intervals and using linear transformation to decorrelate them into independent intervals, two bi‐level OPF models of calculating the SVSM interval considering different WFs' correlation are established. Take the IEEE‐39 bus system and an actual 964‐bus provincial power grid as examples, compared with the Monte‐Carlo method and the continuous power flow and affine interval integrated method, the results indicate the proposed method obtains more accurate SVSM interval and has better calculation efficiency.
DUSP2 regulates extracellular vesicle‐VEGF‐C secretion and pancreatic cancer early dissemination
Authors: Wang Chu‐An , Chang I‐Heng , Hou Pei‐Chi , Tai Yu‐Jing , Li Wan‐Ning , Hsu Pei‐Ling , Wu Shang‐Rung , Chiu Wen‐Tai , Li Chien‐Feng , Shan Yan‐Shen , Tsai Shaw‐Jenq
Published: April 2020

Early dissemination is a unique characteristic and a detrimental process of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of dual‐specificity phosphatase‐2 (DUSP2)‐vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) axis in mediating PDAC lymphangiogenesis and lymphovascular invasion. Expression of DUSP2 is greatly suppressed in PDAC, which results in increased aberrant expression of extracellular vesicle (EV)‐associated VEGF‐C secretion. EV‐VEGF‐C exerts paracrine effects on lymphatic endothelial cells and autocrine effects on cancer cells, resulting in the lymphovascular invasion of cancer cells. Tissue‐specific knockout of Dusp2 in mouse pancreas recapitulates PDAC phenotype and lymphovascular invasion. Mechanistically, loss‐of‐DUSP2 enhances proprotein convertase activity and vesicle trafficking to promote the release of the mature form of EV‐VEGF‐C. Collectively, these findings represent a conceptual advance in understanding pancreatic cancer lymphovascular invasion and suggest that loss‐of‐DUSP2‐mediated VEGF‐C processing may play important roles in early dissemination of pancreatic cancer.

Abbreviations: DUSP2: dual‐specificity phosphatase‐2; VEGF‐C: vascular endothelial growth factor‐C; EV: extracellular vesicles; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; KD: knockdown
High-temperature creep and damage of metallic materials
Authors: Arutyunyan A R , Arutyunyan R A , Saitova R R
Published: April 2020

The problem of creep and long-term strength of metallic materials and alloys is considered. This problem is demanded in such important fields of modern engineering, as thermal and nuclear power plants, aircraft and spacecraft, etc. The damage conception was introduced in the mechanics of materials to describe long-term strength under conditions of high-temperature creep. In this paper is proposed to determine the damage parameter changes from experimental high-temperature creep curves. Therefore, only one kinetic equation for the creep rate for the case of a compressible medium is formulated. The continuity parameter is determined from this kinetic equation and depends on the creep rate and creep deformation. Similarly, the changes in the continuity parameter are determined by the Rabotnov solution. It was obtained that for the case of a compressible medium, a more intense accumulation of damage and, correspondingly, fracture processes are observed, compared with the Rabotnov solution.
Influence of supersonic flow on nonlinear oscillations of a cylindrical shell
Authors: Baghdasaryan G Y , Mikilyan M A , Vardanyan I A , Panteleev A V
Published: April 2020

In this paper we consider nonlinear oscillations of an isotropic cylindrical shallow shell in a supersonic gas flow. The study is carried out with considering both types of nonlinearity: the geometric and the aerodynamic. By taking into account the asymmetric (quadratic) nonlinearity, we come to a conclusion that in certain velocity intervals the amplitude-velocity dependence is a multi-valued function. It is shown, that there exist so-called zones of silence – the intervals of the steaming flow velocity, where undamped flutter oscillations cannot be induced. Here we give some of our most important and significant results, which follow from the influence of a supersonic gas flow on the nature of nonlinear oscillations of the investigated aeroelastic system: a) the larger the relative radius of the shell, the wider the silence zone; b) the amplitude of oscillations, depending on the flow velocity, is a monotonously decreasing function in the region to the left of the silence zone and tends to zero at the left boundary of the zone; at the right boundary of the zone the amplitude increases abruptly to a certain finite value and then it monotonously decreases; c) in the case of thin shells with an increase in the velocity of the flow we observe the following: flutter oscillations mode persists up to a certain velocity value (the “upper” critical velocity), where the oscillations “break off” and the unperturbed state of the shell restores. When the velocity decreases, the unperturbed state is stable as long as the velocity is greater than the critical flutter velocity (the “lower” critical velocity), at which the amplitude of flutter oscillations increases abruptly to a certain value and keeps increasing with further velocity decrease; d) in the case of sufficiently thin shells, the zone of silence is a semi-infinite region.
Influence of boundary conditions on the aero-thermo-elastic stability of a closed cylindrical shell
Authors: Baghdasaryan G Y , Mikilyan M A , Vardanyan I A , Danoyan E H , Melikyan K
Published: April 2020

In this paper, in a linear formulation, the stability problem of a closed cylindrical shell under the influence of an inhomogeneous temperature field and a supersonic gas stream flowing around the shell is considered. The stability conditions for the unperturbed state of the aero-thermo-elastic system under consideration are obtained. It was shown for different boundary conditions that by the combined action of the temperature field and the flowing stream, the stability process can be controlled and the critical flutter velocity can be substantially changed using the temperature field. The following most significant results were obtained: 1) in the case of a homogeneous temperature field, if the edges of the shell freely move in the longitudinal direction: a) a constant temperature field practically does not affect the value of the critical velocity νcr
; b) the critical velocity function νcr
, depending on the number of circumferential waves n, has a minimum point; 2) in the case of a homogeneous temperature field, if the edges of the shell are fixed: a) for negative values of T
0, the lower the temperature, the wider the stability region; b) for positive values of T
0 up to a certain temperature value the stability region narrows, after which, with increasing temperature it expands; c) starting from a certain temperature value

T

0

*

for all

T

0

>

T

0

*

the system is unstable for any 0 < ν < ν
*, and with increasing speed (ν > ν
*) the system becomes stable, and the larger the radius of the shell, the smaller this value

T

0

*

; 3) in the case of a temperature field inhomogeneous over the thickness of the shell, if the edges of the shell move freely in the longitudinal direction: a) when Θ > 0 the critical velocity increases significantly and the minimum point of the function νcr
(n) moves towards the lower values of n; b) when Θ < 0 the opposite is observed; 4) in the case of a temperature field inhomogeneous over thickness of the shell, if the edges of the shell are fixed: a) the stability region expands with increasing |Θ|; b) for a fixed value of the gradient Θ, an increase in the radius of the shell R leads to an expansion of the stability region; 5) fixing the edges of the shell leads to a significant increase in the value of the critical velocity of the flowing stream.
Nonstationary torsion problems for the finite cylinder partly coupled with rigid base
Authors: Demydov O V , Popov V G
Published: April 2020

The axisymmetric dynamic problems of determining the stress state in the vicinity of the delamination in a finite cylinder partly coupled with the rigid base were solved. In contrast to the traditional solution methods based on the use of the integral Laplace transform, the proposed method consists in the difference approximation only of the time derivative. As a result, the original problem is replaced by a sequence of homogeneous boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation that reduce to the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The numerical solution found made it possible to obtain an approximate formula for calculating the stress intensity factor.
Influence of surface effects on stress state in a body with two circular holes
Authors: Gandilyan D.V. , Ustinov K.B.
Published: April 2020

The problem of two equal holes in a plane under uniform comprehensive tension is considered with accounting effects of surface elasticity. The problem is solved in the approximation of plane strain by using bipolar coordinates and series expansion. The problem may be of interest for the case of rather close holes. In this case, despite rather simple geometry, rather strong effects of the difference between surface and volumetric properties may be expected due to small distance between holes.
Localisation of guided wave in stratified elastic reflector sandwiched between two elastic semi-spaces
Authors: Ghazaryan K B , Ghazaryan R A , Papyan A A , Ohanyan S K
Published: April 2020

The guided shear wave localisation is considered in the problem of reflection and refraction through bi–material stratified elastic reflector perfectly sandwiched between two elastic semi–spaces. Bi-material stratified reflector consists of finite number periodically arranged and perfectly bonded elastic sub-layers. A shear wave incident at the interface of layer from the first semi–space will give rise to a guided wave in reflector, a reflected shear wave in the same semi-space and a refracted shear wave in the second semi–space. It is shown that guided wave amplitude is localized at the neighbourhood of the layer interface adjacent to the incidence elastic semi-space and monotonously attenuates with increasing of cell number, if the frequencies of incident wave are in the stopband ranges.
Anti-plane stressed state uniformly piece-homogeneous space with a periodic system of parallel semi-infinite interfacial cracks
Authors: Hakobyan V N , Grigoryan A H
Published: April 2020

In the present work, the exact solutions for two problems of the antiplane stress state of a uniformly piecewise homogeneous space formed by alternately joining two heterogeneous layers of equal thickness from different materials, which is weakened on the junction planes of layers by a periodic system of parallel semi-infinite tunnel cracks are obtained. In the first of these problems, it is assumed that stresses are given on the crack banks, and in the second problem, that stresses are given on one of the crack banks and displacements on the other.
Analytical prediction of thermal stresses in composite shells
Authors: Janakiraman A , Velmurugan R , Jayaganthan R , Rajasingh G
Published: April 2020

The use of fibre-reinforced plastics or FRPs in various industries, such as aviation, automobiles, renewable energy, etc. has drastically increased over the past decades, owing to the significant strength to weight ratios they offer. The design phase of such components must also factor in thermal loads. Thermal expansions and contractions, when restricted, lead to the buildup of stresses in a material. The distribution of these stresses across the layers of a composite tube has been dealt with here with the help of an analytical study, taking into account any radially varying user-defined temperature profile. On account of geometry, the cases handled are axisymmetric and therefore, shear stresses aren’t considered.
Deformation behavior and resistance to fracture of glass-fabric pipes subjected to complex loading with torque and internal hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Karapetyan K A , Valesyan S Sh , Muradyan N S
Published: April 2020

The results of fracture resistance and deformation behavior of thin-walled glass-plastics pipes subjected to internal hydrostatic pressure and torque at the conditions of complex and separate loading are considered.

As a result of the obtained data comparative analysis, the practical guidelines are stated pointing to the optimal design of tubular constructional products made of reinforced plastics operating at the conditions of internal pressure and torque.
On modelling inelastic deformation of permeable rocks with accounting time-dependent effects
Authors: Karev V I , Klimov D M , Kovalenko Yu F , Ustinov K B
Published: April 2020

A model has been developed for describing stress state and filtration of rocks that include creep-like effects. The model describes elastic-inelastic transition, and further deformation in inelastic region. The key point consists in accounting for anisotropy of elastic, ultimate and filtration properties. The model is particularized for the properties of rocks of one of oil deposits of Russia.
The problem of stationary thermoelasticity for a piecewise homogeneous transversely isotropic space under the influence of a heat flux specified at infinity is considered
Authors: Kryvyi O , Morozov Y
Published: April 2020

An exact solution to the problem of thermoelasticity about interfacial circular inclusion, which is in complete adhesion with different transversely isotropic half-spaces, is constructed. Analytical dependencies are obtained between the parameters of the linear displacement of the inclusion and the characteristics of the force and temperature fields. The order of the singularity of surges and displacements near the inclusion is determined. Expressions are obtained for the stress intensity factor at the inclusion boundary, as well as the numerical dependences of these coefficients on the polar angle, temperature, and load.
Techno-Economic Analysis Small Biodiesel Plant from Palm Sludge Oil
Authors: Wicaksono A , Widayat  , Saptadi S
Published: April 2020

This research aims for the production of biodiesel (methyl ester) with the raw material of palm sludge oil (PSO) and perform a feasibility analysis through the parameters of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return (compare to bank interests rate), and Simple Payback Period on the small industrial scale 50-70 litters the biodiesel production obtained 91.30% yield from. Biodiesel can replace diesel oil as a fuel boiler for industrial use based on the quality parameters analysed, including methyl ester content, calorie value, flash point, viscosity and density. The economics analysis includes shows this business feasible to be applied.
Plasma Technology in Cold Storage for Shelf Life Extension of Fresh Fish
Authors: Hartadi Y , Nur M , Fajar B
Published: April 2020

Low temperature storage or cold storage to prevent bacteria and microorganisms from growing on food. Maintaining the quality of fresh fish when stored above freezing temperatures requires special treatment to maintain the quality and prolong the storage. The use of ozone as disinfectant could be a solution to the decreasing quality of fresh fish. The combination of ozone technology with cold storage gives a great advantage in storing fish in fresh conditions. The use of ozone generating plasma technology in cold storage offers a space for increased energy efficiency and economic value by using three time less energy use intensity than cold storage without plasma technology, which means that the plasma technology in cold storage provides a three-fold benefit in terms of energy costs per kilogram of fresh fish per day. A prolonged shelf life as well as a decrease of energy use intensity is very important in food distribution chain, especially for fresh fish that are vulnerable to damage.
Monitoring Results of a 10kwp On-Grid Photovoltaic System in the Context of the Current Regulation for Solar Rooftops in Indonesia
Authors: Pianka D , Setyowati E
Published: April 2020

To fulfil the Paris climate agreement, the Indonesian government aims to increase the share of renewable energy. New regulation for solar rooftops came into effect in January 2019 to give more security for investments in solar projects. However, for a majority of consumers, the implementation of the regulation and economical operation of a PV system brings many hurdles. A 10 kWp PV on-grid system at UKRIM University is monitored to gain information about energy data, return of investment (RoI) and levelized costs of energy (LCOE). Based on the monitoring results, three different consumer types (social institutions, residential buildings and offices) are analyzed with respect to profitability. For the PV installation at UKRIM, an RoI of 17 years is calculated. The LCOE is calculated as 0.08 USD/kWh and thus higher than the levelized feed-in price of only 0.076 USD/kWh. The current ten kWp PV system can offset 80% of the electricity demand of the building it is connected to. Nevertheless, the most economical size would be only seven kWp, showing that the most green (zero net energy) and the most economical system (fastest RoI) can differ greatly. The slow RoI makes a PV on-grid system economically not interesting for social tariffs. Though residential buildings and office buildings can achieve faster RoI, mainly because of higher electricity prices.
Lung Capacity Determinant Tirtonadi Bus Station Workers in Surakarta
Authors: Suryadi I , Widjanarti M P , Wardani T L , Fajariani R , Rachmawati S
Published: April 2020

Many factors affect the impaired lung function capacity. One of the dangerous pollutants in the air is the level of dust. Open the irritation of the upper respiratory tract. This study aims to look at the determinants of lung function capacity. The study was conducted at Tirtonadi Bus Station. This study uses an observational design with a cross-sectional design. The population of workers was 54 people after the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the total population. A sample of 50 workers was taken using a random sampling technique. Dust measurement based on SNI 16-7058-2004 uses a low volume sampler and is carried out at 06.00-10.00, 14.00-16.00. The measurement point is carried out at the west and east gates as the highest concentration of pollutants Measurement of lung function capacity using spirometry. Other variables were assessed using a questionnaire and a checklist sheet to determine the characteristics of the study respondents. The results showed significant levels of environmental dust, work area and use of substantial masks with impaired lung function capacity with p-values = 0.003, 0.005 and 0.001. The use of masks during work must be a must for workers to protect from dust exposure which generally comes from motorized vehicles.
Spatial Analysis to Evaluate Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination of Unconfined Aquifer in Semarang Lowland Area Using DRASTIC Method
Authors: Putranto T T , Najib  , Aribowo Y
Published: April 2020

The increasing population up to 1.67% per year in the urban coastal city such as Semarang affects enormous stress on the natural resources – groundwater, in particular. To assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination the DRASTIC method was applied. DRASTIC was one method in compiling a zone of groundwater vulnerability to contamination. This method required seven parameters, namely D (water table depth), R (recharge zone), A (media aquifer), S (soil media), T (topography), I (vadose zone), and C (hydraulic conductivity). Processing of each parameter to calculate the Drastic Index (DI) was developed by using spatial analysis in ArcGIS. The results conduct there is three-level of groundwater vulnerability to contamination namely low, medium, and high. The low vulnerability has the number of DI of 61 to 100, while the DI of moderate is around 101-140. The high level is represented by 141-180 of DI. The low level is distributed in some areas in the south of Semarang, while the medium is dominated in the Ngaliyan area, Gajahmungkur, Semarang Selatan, also found in Tugu, Semarang Barat, Candisari, and some areas in the Semarang Tengah. Indeed, the high level is found in the plains areas in the northern, in the western, and eastern part of Semarang.
Allogenic River in the Hydrogeological System of Gremeng Cave, Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi A , Haryono E , Adji T N , Widyastuti M , Riyanto I A , Naufal M , Ramadhan F
Published: April 2020

Allogenic rivers play a pivotal role in the development of the karst area. Their open system creates aggressive conditions that cause more intensive rock dissolution and, therefore, possibly form a primary underground river system in a hydrogeological regime. This study aimed to inventory allogenic rivers in the hydrogeological system of Gremeng Cave. This study also investigates Gremeng Cave typology based on underlying geological conditions by analyzing Indonesian topographic and geologic maps and high-resolution remote sensing imagery. In this study, a detailed geological survey was conducted to determine factors triggering the formation of allogenic rivers at the research site based on geological and geomorphological characteristics. The results showed at least five allogenic river subsystems uniting into one primary system. Allogenic from underlying beds exposed updip was the type of the allogenic rivers emerging exactly at the contact between tertiary volcanic rocks and limestones at the Gunungsewu karst area.
Analysis of the Mount Tunggangan Wildlife Reserve Area Arrangement, Sragen, Central Java using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Ecological Sensitivity and Ecological Pressure Approaches
Authors: Farizal A , Bambang A N , Budihardjo M A
Published: April 2020

Conservation forest area has the highest protection function of other forest areas and is a buffer zone of life. However, at present, the condition is that many have experienced damage, a huge reduction, or fought over by various parties who wish to utilize the area for other purposes. One of the strategies and efforts made by the Government is through the spatial distribution approach, which is known as the zoning or block concept. In this regard, this study conducted an analysis of forest planning from the Mount Tunggangan Wildlife Reserve (MTWR) in the Sragen Regency, Central Java Province. Despite its status as a conservation forest area, the MTWR is inseparable from threats and pressures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the classification of ecological sensitivity and ecological pressure on MTWR forest areas for the determination of the area blocks. In this study, using the method of spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with a tiered quantitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the MTWR forest area is divided into three management blocks, namely protection blocks (72.87%/74, 68 Ha), utilization blocks (27.06%/27, 73 Ha) and individual blocks (0, 07%/0, 07 Ha).
The Xylitol Production Efficiency From Corn Cob Waste By Using Stirred Tank Bioreactor-Tubular Loop Liquid Emulsion Membrane (LEM)
Authors: Arifan F , Nuswantari S R
Published: April 2020

The alternative sweetener used to beverage and food with a calorie-controlled, to control diet program or to prevent tooth decay. The alternative processes that are currently being developed are producing xylitol from xylan of the cellulose biomass. The goal of this study is to determine the most influential process variable and optimum operating condition of xylitol production through enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of corn cob waste. The parameters are the time (30-120 minutes substrate ratio: starter (1:5-1:15 w/w). The result showed a high number of a cell on a substrate concentration of 10% led to increase in xylose consumption while the xylitol production is not too large because the substrate is used for yeast cell growth so that production of xylitol to be reduced and the efficiency is low. The high efficiency (24.21%) occurred in 20% of substrate concentration because the xylose consumption is used for growth and xylitol production. While the concentration of 30% decline in the consumption of xylose by yeast compared with others and the efficiency is not too high. This is because the high concentration of xylose, which led to substances inhibitor in the media and the production of xylitol becomes low.
Greenhouse Gas Estimation of Plastic Waste Reverse Logistic Networks System in Semarang City
Authors: Samadikun B P , Ramadan B S , Rezagama A , Andarani P , Dewi C T
Published: April 2020

Plastic waste in Indonesia has become global issues, where Indonesia itself has been stated as the second plastic waste polluter in the world. Semarang City, as one of the major cities in Indonesia, is also facing plastic waste problems. Reverse logistics network study for plastic waste recycling could be used as an alternative method to reduce emissions. In this study, the reverse logistics network of plastic waste is evaluated based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) generated from recycling activities. The results showed that the most significant GHG emissions came from the plastic waste grinder (intermediates) for about 513 kgCO2eq/day. According to the calculations, the optimal number of informal recycling businesses is 224 units of scrap dealers, 358 units of small-scale enterprises, 23 units of large-scale enterprises, and 18 units of grinders. Total greenhouse gases produced from the 623 recycle business units were 932 kgCO2eq/day. Optimizing existing reverse logistics scenarios was needed to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation scenario for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Natural Soil as Bio-activator for Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Zaman B , Sutrisno E , Sudarno S , Simanjutak M N , Krisnanda E
Published: April 2020

The wastewater treatment process has various kinds of problems that can disturb and hinder the treatment process. Issues that usually occur are wastewater contains irritating and robust odour. Based on the production of different amounts can change the characteristics of effluents. The number of organic variation decreases the effectiveness of biological processing and others. So based on this, the right solution is needed and can expedite the treatment of wastewater. Bio-activator is an excellent material that can be used. Bio-activator consists of naturally occurring microorganisms attached to organic compost. It quickly stimulates the bacteria in situ so that the waste soon decomposes. In the process, it prevents the generation of smells. Bio-activator is entirely natural, and it does not contain any hazardous or poisonous chemicals or enzymes. Bio-activator also inhibits the production of odours, increases the metabolic of bacteria. It is most effective on organically overload treatment plants it increases treatment plant capacity. Bio-activators can come from soils where soils contain lots of microorganisms. The amount of microbes found in the soil depends on the type of soil. Soil consists of micro and macro fauna and flora, which provide an excellent carbon source and a large number of microorganisms. So in this paper, by utilizing microorganisms in the soil as a bio-activator for wastewater treatment.
Quality Control of HDPE Bottles Production Processes based on Multivariate Attribute Data using T2 Hotelling Control Chart as A Responds of Environment and Sustainability Issues
Authors: Arfan B , Darminto P , Indah W S
Published: April 2020

This research was conducted to determine the current process capability in producing the M500 bottle, where the process capability index can be calculated from the results of a control chart whose data is considered to be statistically controlled. Multivariate control charts can be used in controlling the quality of the process at CV X because the quality characteristics of the products are more than one, and the controls must be carried out together. Correlated variables used in making multivariate control charts are different thicknesses, leaks, and dents. The results of the hotelling’s T2 control chart show that the process has not been controlled because four observations are out of control. MYT decomposition results show that variables that cause observations to become uncontrolled are different thicknesses and dents. After revising the control chart, it is known that the current multivariate process capability index is 0.79, which means the process is said to be incapable and needs to be improved. The suggested improvement given to overcome the problem of different thicknesses is to position the die right in the middle so that the thickness on all sides is the same and for dented conditions can be reduced by adjusting the blowing temperature and pressure according to the standard.
Ambient Carbon Dioxide in Industrial and Commercial Area Measured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Huboyo H S , Manullang O R , Samadikun B P , Ningrum D I , Fahira N , Prayudi Y
Published: April 2020

The CO2 gas is a gas produced from various activities related to industrial activities and people activities in residential or commercial areas. Conventionally, measurements of CO2 concentrations are carried out using the NDIR method with stationary devices. Still, the tool has a disadvantage that is difficult to do in locations that are difficult to reach with height. So this research is intended to measure ambient CO2 in the Industrial Estate and Commercial area using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology. We sampled in 10 sites at each location. The output of measurements were then plotted with Surfer software to know the spatial distribution. The results of the study show the CO2 concentrations varied between sites. CO2 concentration was higher at industrial area than at commercial area. At Industrial and Commercial area the transport sector may the main causes of high ambient CO2.
Improving Overhaul Process on Steam Power Plants using Lean Thinking and LCA
Authors: Devi O , Putu D K
Published: April 2020

Due to the limited availability and the increasing Price of both High and Medium rank coal, the pressure of providing a lower electricity price causes Indonesian Electricity Power Producer into using low-rank coal as their primary fuel (Coal Switching Program). The success of the coal switching program undertaken by the PTN Power Plant also had another impact on the condition of the equipment. Low-calorie coal with high water content disrupts to generate material which not infrequently also causes derating of the unit. Derating that occurred causes a decrease in the value of EAF (Equivalent Availability Factor) of PTN power plant from 93.07 in 2017 to 90.21 in 2018 and 89.74 (estimated EAF) in 2019. To maintain the EAF value is still above the amount of 90% or still at the Top 10% NERC then improvement is needed. Waste management process using lean thinking approach with value stream mapping and 5S visual management methods collaborated with life cycle assessment is an effective way to optimize EAF from plant outage or overhaul. With this method, it can maximize the 2019 EAF value to 90.84%, identify the environmental impacts that arise in the overhaul process and determine the best improvement recommendations.
Cerucuk Filter Modified (CFM) Design as Sediment Traps to Reduce Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Concentration in the Drainage Mine Reclamation Area: An Field Experiment
Authors: Surapati H U , Mizwar A
Published: April 2020

One of the environmental issues for the physical components of soil and water, is the potential risk of carrying soil particles by runoff. However, sedimentation and high TSS concentrations still occur in settling ponds before flowing into river, lake or sea. Transfer of such pollutants from solid to aqueous phase at the interface of sediments/particles facilitates their entry into the food chain and further bio accumulation in neighboring fauna and flora. A vast variety of geogenic (rocks weathering and soil erosion) and anthropogenic sources (mining activities, urban and agricultural run-offs, industrial and municipal sewer overflows, etc.) may cause toxic metals discharge into water bodies. The metals can be dissolved in the water column, absorbed/adsorbed to the sediments/particulates or accumulated in biota. In comparison with other media, river bed and suspended sediments play a more significant role in overall pollution and environmental risks. This research is improvement of USEPA recommendations for the installation of sediment traps in drainage channel. The advantage of using this additional modification is that it can significantly reduce TSS concentration. The results of the water samples test and statistical test show that this research provides significant result in reducing TSS concentrations.
Influence of Pharmaceutical Residue in Domestic Wastewater on the Removal Efficiency of COD and Ammonium in an Anaerobic Batch Reactor
Authors: Sudarno S , Hardyanti N , Pradhita F A A
Published: April 2020

At present, the use of medicines, especially antibiotics, has increased significantly, and this affects domestic waste. The human population contributes to the spread of antibiotic residue into the environment via excretion of pharmaceuticals during the ordinary course of treatment. This study aims to study the effect of pharmaceutical residues, particularly antibiotics, on the removal efficiency of ammonium and COD in domestic wastewater, using an anaerobic batch reactor. The reactor inoculated with a septic tank and an artificial waste. The stages of this research were seeding, acclimatization, and running. This research was conducted for 30 days with the reactor volume at 8.5 litres of seeding and acclimatization time and 1.5 litres of running time. Efficiency removal of COD were 89.66%; 88.24%; 85.21%; 78.27% and 77.72%. Meanwhile, the efficiency removal of ammonium are 55.08%; 53.30%; 48.13%; 40.36% and 32.16%. The reactor with the highest pharmaceutical residue did not contribute to the efficiency of COD removal but affected the effectiveness of ammonium removal.
Effects of Biofilms on Ammonium Removal Efficiency in Fish Pond Effluents
Authors: Istirokhatun T , Aufar S N , Munasik  , Sudarno
Published: April 2020

Treatment of wastewater in fish ponds effluent is an effort to reduce the impact of pollutants contained in the wastewater so that it can be disposed into the aquatic environment safely. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the effect of inoculant sources on removing of total ammonium in vanamae shrimp and marguensis shrimp pond wastewater, and to pre-design the technology for treating high-salinity organic waste with biological wastewater treatment using natural microorganisms. The study was conducted using a laboratory-scale reactor. At the beginning of the study, adherent biofilm media was planted at the bottom of the sea with a depth of 1.5 m for three weeks to grow nitrifying bacteria, then applied to treat fish pond wastewater. The results showed that the efficiency of ammonium reduction with adherent media from Telukawur is 74% while adherent media from Panjang Island is 66% with declining and fluctuating trends every day. The extensive -scale application for treating wastewater from brackishwater aquaculture is designed with 4 processing units, a 15.5 m x 7.7 m x 1.5 m sedimentation basin, a 10.5 m x 3.5 m x 1.5 m anaerobic basin, a 13 m x 13 m x 1.5 m aerobic basin, and a 15.5 m x 7.7 m x 1.5 m effluent basin. It concludes that biofilm adhesion technology from Panjang Island waters and Telukawur waters can work efficiently in removing ammonium concentration.
Design of Sustainable Construction Through Value Engineering of an Automated People Mover System Project
Authors: Fauziyah S , Sholeh M N , Hartono  , Nurjihad F
Published: April 2020

Sustainability infrastructure has become a crucial issue among decision-makers, developers, contractors, and consultants around the world. Value Engineering (VE) program is a method for improving project sustainability. This method present whether a decision increased or worsens the project’s performance. The purpose of this study to create and evaluate alternative ideas for expanding the project value. This study proposes VE analysis at the design level to achieve optimal project costs and duration. The case study is carried out on the Automated People Mover System (APMS) project. APMS project, at Soekarno Hatta International Airport, is the first Sky train in Indonesia. The length of the APMS track is 3.05 kilometres. APMS tracks are using for a simple pan bridge structure. On the APMS project, the initial design of the girder used the PC-U type with rarely-used dimensions. By using the VE program, stakeholders decided to replace PC-U type with the PC-V type, which has standard dimensions in PT. WIKA BETON as a supplier. The use of a PC-V type girder gains the benefit of efficiency in terms of time and cost. The percentage of production and erection time of the PC-V girder is 97% faster. Besides, the percentage of cost-saving is 9% of the total project cost.
Game Theory Application for Circular Economy Model in Furniture Industry
Authors: Wicaksono P A , Hartini S , Sutrisno  , Nabila T Y
Published: April 2020

This research proposes a business model for the furniture industry to address the circular economy concept. The circular economy aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible and recover product and material at the end of the life cycle. Game theory is used in this research. The conceptual model proposes rent option, so the end-user is possible to use the furniture in the desired time. Using the rent option to the product could be taken back from the end-user and could be sold or rent it again to another user. The concept of game theory is to formulate and suspect the situations of interaction between players involved, and also decisions taken. Therefore, game theory is used to determine an optimal strategy among players. Player strategies are taken when it has reached the Nash Equilibrium. The proposed model consists of 4 parties, such as the furniture industry, remanufacturer, distributor, and end-user. The payoff is determined for every player to observe each player’s profit in addressing CE. Based on the result, there is one strategy that reached the Nash equilibrium. We also picked out 3 of 162 possible plan that gives the best advantages for all players. Each strategy contains players’ prices decision, and for the end-user decision is the length of rent.
Legitimacy Theory Perspective on the Quality of Carbon Emission Disclosure: Case Study on Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Solikhah B , Yulianto A , Suryarini T
Published: April 2020

Issues related to the green industry and environmental accounting are urgent to be formulated by the government. The concept of environmental accounting for companies encourages the ability to minimize environmental problems. Environmental accounting will produce a quantitative assessment of the costs and impacts of environmental protection. The purpose of this study is to describe the extent of disclosure of carbon emissions and to describe the legal regulations in Indonesia which regulate ecological disclosure. This study also examined the effect of the Environmental Performance Awards on the quality of environmental exposure. The samples are 35 companies engaged in mining, energy, chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and beverages that are listed on the Stock Exchange in 2012-2016. The data analysis method used is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The result reveals that the practice of environmental disclosure at high profile companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange is still low. This shows that the company’s management awareness of environmental exposure does not comply with the Decree of the Chairperson of the Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency Number: KEP-431/BL/2012 concerning Submission of the Annual Report. The results showed that the Environmental Performance Awards variable had a significant positive effect on the quality of environmental disclosure.
The trade-off between Poverty and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Setyadharma A , Oktavilia S , Nihayah D M , Bowo P A , Wahyuningrum I F S
Published: April 2020

Poverty and environmental issues are correlated. Many reports suggest that poverty contributes to environmental degradation. Therefore, it is believed that the improvement of the quality of the environment must be started by alleviating poverty. The objectives of this study are to find the impact of poverty to environmental degradation and vice versa. This study uses data panel from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2012 to 2017. Contrary to the belief, the result shows that the effort to reduce poverty resulting in environmental degradation. On the other way, one of the findings shows that the efforts to improve the quality of environment resulting in a high level of poverty. This implies that there is a consequence of reducing poverty, i.e. low quality of the environment. The trade-off occurs because when the government tries to reduce the poverty rate, then the quality of the environment also reduces. If the government wants to improve the quality of the environment, then the level of poverty will increase. This study suggests that the government must carefully conduct the poverty alleviation programs that create less harm to the environment and the government also needs to make regulations to protect the environment without harm the poor.
Evaluation of Sustainable Community-Based Sanitation Communal Wastewater Treatment (Case Study of Metro City, Lampung)
Authors: Werdhani D , Karuniasa M
Published: April 2020

Community-based Sanitation Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is one of the solutions for dense urban areas to improve environmental quality. This paper evaluates wastewater treatment plant-based Community participation in Community-based Organization (CBO) Mandiri, Metro City, Lampung. The methods used are quantitative with laboratory tests from the effluent of Communal WWTP conducted in the dry season in September and qualitative with interviews with board members and local facilitators. Laboratory test results show that the BOD and Ammonia parameters do not meet the standard requirements of the Ministry of Environment and foresty Regulation 68 of 2016 about the quality standard of domestic wastewater. The activities of the WWTP management group at CBO Mandiri did not run well and needs help for the government fundings to maintenance WWTP. New biofilter WWTP component and zeolite are necessary to reduce total coliform, BOD, and ammonia’s concentration of effluent and hold socialization for local community involvement to every process in this program.
The Environmental Effects of Financial Market Development in East Asian and Southeast Asian Countries
Authors: Oktavilia S , Firmansyah  , Wahyuningrum I F S , Setyadharma A , Erma
Published: April 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of financial market development, investment, and trade openness on the environmental quality of East Asian and Southeast Asian countries from 1991-2017. Differences in the influence of the East and Southeast Asian region on environmental quality indicators are accommodated by using the dummy variable of the region. All data is sourced from World Development Indicators - World Bank. The results of this study reinforce the notion that per capita income (GDPCap), the environmental effects of financial market development (FMDev), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), trade openness (TL), influence according to the hypothesis. The Empirical Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis was empirically proven in both regions. Capital inflows and trade openness negatively affect environmental quality, while financial market development (FMDev) has a positive effect on environmental quality in both regions
Spatial Patterns of Land Surface Temperature in Jakarta and Its Surrounding Areas
Authors: Raya A B , Hasibuan H S
Published: April 2020

Urban growth drastically changes the biophysical environment, including in the form of replacing the soil and natural vegetation with urban material, which causes urban areas to be warmer than the surrounding suburban and rural areas. This phenomenon which is commonly referred to as Urban Heat Island is regrettable because it increases energy consumption for the needs of air conditioners as well as thermally uncomfortable conditions for activities. This study aims to identify the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island in one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world, namely Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, and the surrounding area. In this study, the UHI phenomenon was identified based on the spatial pattern of surface temperature obtained by processing the Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS remote sensing satellite image data. The results showed that the developed land has a higher temperature than the land with natural cover and land that is overgrown with plants, namely forests and agricultural land. The spatial pattern shows that land surface temperature decreases with increasing distance from the Capital City of Jakarta