bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipomas of the Toes: An Eight-Case Series
Authors: Hao Xingpei , Mirkin Gene , Freedman David J. , Beiser Ian , Firestone Lee , Grant Devin
Published: May 2023

Background: Lipomas, derived from adipose tissue, most frequently occur in the cephalic regions and proximal extremities, but rarely in the toes. We aimed to highlight the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of lipomas of the toes.

Methods: We analyzed 8 patients with lipomas of the toes who were diagnosed and treated during a 5-year period.

Results: Lipomas of the toes were equally distributed by sex. Patients ranged in age from 28 to 67 years (mean age, 51.75 years). Six patients (75%) had a single lesion, and all of the patients developed lipomas on the hallux. Most patients (75%) presented with a painless, subcutaneous, slow-growing mass. The duration from symptom onset to surgical excision ranged from 1 month to 20 years (mean, 52.75 months). Lipoma size varied from 0.4 to 3.9 cm in diameter (mean, 1.6 cm). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-encapsulated mass with hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images and hypointense signal on T2-weighted images. All of the patients were treated with surgical excision, and no recurrences were found at mean follow-up of 38.5 months. Six patients were diagnosed as having typical lipomas, one a fibrolipoma, and one a spindle cell lipoma, which needs to be differentiated from other benign and malignant lesions.

Conclusions: Lipomas of the toes are rare, slow-growing, painless, subcutaneous tumors. Men and women are equally affected, usually in their 50s. Magnetic resonance imaging is the favored modality for presurgical diagnosis and planning. Complete surgical excision is the optimal treatment, with rare recurrence.
Mitochondrial protein import clogging as a mechanism of disease
Authors: Coyne Liam P , Wang Xiaowen , Song Jiyao , de Jong Ebbing , Schneider Karin , Massa Paul T , Middleton Frank A , Becker Thomas , Chen Xin Jie
Published: May 2023

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the import of >1,000 mitochondrial preproteins from the cytosol. Most studies on mitochondrial protein import are focused on the core import machinery. Whether and how the biophysical properties of substrate preproteins affect overall import efficiency is underexplored. Here, we show that protein traffic into mitochondria can be disrupted by amino acid substitutions in a single substrate preprotein. Pathogenic missense mutations in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1), and its yeast homolog ADP/ATP carrier 2 (Aac2), cause the protein to accumulate along the protein import pathway, thereby obstructing general protein translocation into mitochondria. This impairs mitochondrial respiration, cytosolic proteostasis, and cell viability independent of ANT1’s nucleotide transport activity. The mutations act synergistically, as double mutant Aac2/ANT1 causes severe clogging primarily at the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. This confers extreme toxicity in yeast. In mice, expression of a super-clogger ANT1 variant led to neurodegeneration and an age-dependent dominant myopathy that phenocopy ANT1-induced human disease, suggesting clogging as a mechanism of disease. More broadly, this work implies the existence of uncharacterized amino acid requirements for mitochondrial carrier proteins to avoid clogging and subsequent disease.
Steroidogenesis and androgen/estrogen signaling pathways are altered in in vitro matured testicular tissues of prepubertal mice
Authors: Moutard Laura , Goudin Caroline , Jaeger Catherine , Duparc Céline , Louiset Estelle , Pereira Tony , Fraissinet François , Delessard Marion , Saulnier Justine , Rives-Feraille Aurélie , Delalande Christelle , Lefebvre Hervé , Rives Nathalie , Dumont Ludovic , Rondanino Christine
Published: May 2023

Children undergoing cancer treatments are at risk for impaired fertility. Cryopreserved prepubertal testicular biopsies could theoretically be later matured in vitro to produce spermatozoa for assisted reproductive technology. A complete in vitro spermatogenesis has been obtained from mouse prepubertal testicular tissue, although with low efficiency. Steroid hormones are essential for the progression of spermatogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate steroidogenesis and steroid signaling in organotypic cultures. Histological, RT-qPCR, western blot analyses, and steroid hormone measurements were performed on in vitro cultured mouse prepubertal testicular tissues and age-matched in vivo controls. Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cells and steroidogenic markers were decreased. Increased amounts of progesterone and estradiol and reduced androstenedione levels were observed at D30, together with decreased transcript levels of steroid metabolizing genes and steroid target genes. hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis, and improve sperm yield. In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. The organotypic culture system will need to be further improved before it can be translated into clinics for childhood cancer survivors.
A billion years arms-race between viruses, virophages, and eukaryotes
Authors: Barreat Jose Gabriel Nino , Katzourakis Aris
Published: May 2023

Bamfordviruses are arguably the most diverse group of viruses infecting eukaryotes. They include the Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), virophages, adenoviruses, Mavericks and Polinton-like viruses. Two main hypotheses for their origins have been proposed: the ‘nuclear-escape’ and ‘virophage-first’ hypotheses. The nuclear-escape hypothesis proposes an endogenous, Maverick-like ancestor which escaped from the nucleus and gave rise to adenoviruses and NCLDVs. In contrast, the virophage-first hypothesis proposes that NCLDVs coevolved with protovirophages; Mavericks then evolved from virophages that became endogenous, with adenoviruses escaping from the nucleus at a later stage. Here, we test the predictions made by both models and consider alternative evolutionary scenarios. We use a data set of the four core virion proteins sampled across the diversity of the lineage, together with Bayesian and maximum-likelihood hypothesis-testing methods, and estimate rooted phylogenies. We find strong evidence that adenoviruses and NCLDVs are not sister groups, and that Mavericks and Mavirus acquired the rve-integrase independently. We also found strong support for a monophyletic group of virophages (family Lavidaviridae) and a most likely root placed between virophages and the other lineages. Our observations support alternatives to the nuclear-escape scenario and a billion years evolutionary arms-race between virophages and NCLDVs.
Plasticity of gene expression in the nervous system by exposure to environmental odorants that inhibit HDACs
Authors: Haga-Yamanaka Sachiko , Nunez-Flores Rogelio , Scott Christi A , Perry Sarah , Chen Stephanie Turner , Pontrello Crystal , Nair Meera G , Ray Anandasankar
Published: May 2023

Eukaryotes respond to secreted metabolites from the microbiome. However, little is known about the effects of exposure to volatiles emitted by microbes or in the environment that we are exposed to over longer durations. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we evaluated a yeast-emitted volatile, diacetyl, found at high levels around fermenting fruits where they spend long periods of time. Exposure to the diacetyl molecules in headspace alters gene expression in the antenna. In vitro experiments demonstrated that diacetyl and structurally related volatiles inhibited conserved histone deacetylases (HDACs), increased histone-H3K9 acetylation in human cells, and caused changes in gene expression in both Drosophila and mice. Diacetyl crosses the blood–brain barrier and exposure caused modulation of gene expression in the mouse brain, therefore showing potential as a neuro-therapeutic. Using two separate disease models previously known to be responsive to HDAC inhibitors, we evaluated the physiological effects of volatile exposure. Diacetyl exposure halted proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell line in culture. Exposure to diacetyl vapors slowed progression of neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model for Huntington’s disease. These changes strongly suggest that certain volatiles in the surroundings can have profound effects on histone acetylation, gene expression, and physiology in animals.
Structural and mechanistic insights into ribosomal ITS2 RNA processing by nuclease-kinase machinery
Authors: Chen Jiyun , Chen Hong , Li Shanshan , Lin Xiaofeng , Hu Rong , Zhang Kaiming , Liu Liang
Published: May 2023

Precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) processing is a key step in ribosome biosynthesis and involves numerous RNases. A HEPN (higher eukaryote and prokaryote nucleotide binding) nuclease Las1 and a polynucleotide kinase Grc3 assemble into a tetramerase responsible for rRNA maturation. Here, we report the structures of full-length Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cyberlindnera jadinii Las1-Grc3 complexes, and C. jadinii Las1. The Las1-Grc3 structures show that the central coiled-coil domain of Las1 facilitates pre-rRNA binding and cleavage, while the Grc3 C-terminal loop motif directly binds to the HEPN active center of Las1 and regulates pre-rRNA cleavage. Structural comparison between Las1 and Las1-Grc3 complex exhibits that Grc3 binding induces conformational rearrangements of catalytic residues associated with HEPN nuclease activation. Biochemical assays identify that Las1 processes pre-rRNA at the two specific sites (C2 and C2′), which greatly facilitates rRNA maturation. Our structures and specific pre-rRNA cleavage findings provide crucial insights into the mechanism and pathway of pre-rRNA processing in ribosome biosynthesis.
Models of similarity in complex networks
Authors: Shvydun Sergey
Published: May 2023

The analysis of networks describing many social, economic, technological, biological and other systems has attracted a lot of attention last decades. Since most of these complex systems evolve over time, there is a need to investigate the changes, which appear in the system, in order to assess the sustainability of the network and to identify stable periods. In the literature, there have been developed a large number of models that measure the similarity among the networks. There also exist some surveys, which consider a limited number of similarity measures and then perform their correlation analysis, discuss their properties or assess their performances on synthetic benchmarks or real networks. The aim of the article is to extend these studies. The article considers 39 graph distance measures and compares them on simple graphs, random graph models and real networks. The author also evaluates the performance of the models in order to identify which of them can be applied to large networks. The results of the study reveal some important aspects of existing similarity models and provide a better understanding of their advantages and disadvantages. The major finding of the work is that many graph similarity measures of different nature are well correlated and that some comprehensive methods are well agreed with simple models. Such information can be used for the choice of appropriate similarity measure as well as for further development of new models for similarity assessment in network structures.
Can salivary lactate be used as an anaerobic biomarker?
Authors: Yan Pingping , Qin Chunli , Yan Zengyin , Chen Chang , Zhang Fengjing
Published: May 2023

Background

Salivary lactate has been suggested as a non-invasive anaerobic biomarker in sports medicine for decades, yet has not been widely applied until now. This study aimed to explore possible issues related to its application and suggest directions for future method improvement.

Methods

A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the determination of salivary lactate was developed, validated and applied on saliva samples collected from a group of professional sprinters (n = 20). The samples were collected via chewing a cotton ball for one minute and centrifuging it afterwards. The evaluation included variation with mouth rinse times, consistency at different sampling times, change after treadmill or cycle ergometer trainings, and association with blood lactate. Sample sizes were calculated prior to the study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and relative standard deviation (RSD) were used to evaluate data variances. Pearson correlation was applied to show correlation between salivary and blood lactate. Effect sizes and power were calculated following ANOVA and correlation analyses.

Results

The RSD of the LC-MS method was 19.70%. Salivary lactate concentration was affected by mouth rinse times before sampling (ANOVA p = 0.025, η2 = 0.40, 1 − β = 0.99, ICC = 0.23, mean RSD of four sampling = 55.30%), and stabilized after mouth rinsing for three times. The concentrations at resting state across three weeks were consistent at group level (ANOVA p = 0.57, η2 = 0.03, 1 − β = 0.20), but varied greatly individually (ICC = 0.22, mean RSD = 56.16%). Salivary lactate level significantly increased after treadmill and cycle ergometer trainings (ANOVA p = 0.0002, η2 = 0.46, 1 − β = 0.9999 and ANOVA p = 0.0019, η2 = 0.40, 1 − β = 0.9993, respectively), and displayed positive correlation with blood lactate concentration (r = 0.61, p = 0.0004, 1 − β = 0.9596). Significant difference between male and female participants was observed in none of the tests conducted in this study.

Discussion

Salivary lactate was found to be a potential anaerobic biomarker. However, reproducible methods for sample collection and analysis, as well as more knowledge on the secretion mechanism and pattern of salivary lactate are required to make it a practical anaerobic biomarker.
"ALTAZOR" O EL DESEO MÁS ALLÁ DE LO SIMBÓLICO
Authors:   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Tolentino Sifuentes Luis Antonio
Published: May 2023

El artículo analiza la colisión entre los deseos de Altazor y las estructuras simbólicas latentes en el poema: el cristianismo, el capitalismo y la poesía tradicional. Terminar «en las fauces del insaciable olvido» o alcanzar «la eternidad como una paloma en sus manos» será el gran dilema del protagonista. Para desarrollar este planteamiento, se recurre al método hermenéutico con enfoque multidisciplinario. Se concluye que los deseos insatisfechos ante los patrones institucionalizados develan la fragilidad de los valores en que se asienta la cultura.
La praxis eclesial está llena de inteligencia. “Responder a los impulsos del Espíritu” (GS 11)
Authors:   Centro Teológico Manuel Larraín Instituto de Teología y Estudios Religiosos (ITER) Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Schickendantz Carlos
Published: May 2023

Uno de los aspectos más significativos del proceso sinodal internacional en desarrollo reside en la fase consultiva propuesta. Para fundamentar teológicamente este proceso la bibliografía especializada reciente se ha detenido particularmente en los dos argumentos que Lumen gentium 12 pone de relieve sobre el profetismo del pueblo de Dios: el sensus fidei fidelium y la temática de los carismas. La presente contribución acude a otra línea de reflexión, diversa pero convergente, que se expresó de múltiples maneras en el proceso conciliar y en las décadas siguientes y que tuvo una plasmación peculiar en Gaudium et spes. Se trata de una dinámica de diálogo y escucha que encuentra su concreción en la asunción del método ver-juzgar-actuar como columna vertebral de la Constitución. Este trabajo pone de relieve también el argumento pneumatológico que, si bien es más visible en las perspectivas que remiten al sensus fidei y a los carismas, es también relevante en esta otra línea conciliar decisiva: la que considera el significado teológico de las experiencias humanas y los acontecimientos históricos, y que para este fin esboza un método empírico-teológico para la reflexión eclesial de la fe.
Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type: A Rare Neoplasm Masquerading as Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kumar UMA , Gulati Natasha , Khari Pooja , Sinha Madhu
Published: May 2023

Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type (PCDLBCL, LT) comprises 4% of all cutaneous lymphomas, and it presents as an aggressive form of lymphoma. Rarely do pathologist/cytologists find specimens of PCDLBCL, LT on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). The mimickers on FNAC are metastatic small cell carcinoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC), Malignant Melanoma (MM), Cutaneous Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and Primary Cutaneous Ewing's Sarcoma (PCES). A 75-year-old female patient presented in the Department of Surgery with multiple nodules on the leg for three months. On cytology small round cell tumour with possibility of non hodgkin lymphoma was given and biopsy was advised. The confirmation of PCDLBCL, LT on cytology is not recommended however, it is emphasised that it can be picked up on FNAC and distinguished from its mimickers. Because of the aggressive nature and poor prognosis with the frequent relapses and tendency for extracutaneous spread, it is considered to be a distinct type of cutaneous lymphoma which needs to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.
Non Linear Relationship between BMI and Sepsis among ICU Patients: Analysis of the MIMIC-III Real World Database
Authors: Lintu MK , Puranik Amitha , Karun Kalesh M , Micheal David Raj , Kamath Asha
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The relationship between occurrence of sepsis and Body Mass Index (BMI) has been studied by treating BMI as a categorical variable based on the standard categories developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). This technique masks the actual form of the relationship that exist between BMI and sepsis. Aim: To determine the shape of the association between BMI and probability of sepsis after adjusting the effect of gender, age, ethnicity and co-morbidities among critically-ill patients and to identify an appropriate technique to elucidate this association. Materials and Methods: The study was based on the data extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database, a real-world dataset. A robust Poisson regression model and a Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) regression model were applied to model the data. Results: The study revealed a non linear relationship between BMI and occurrence of sepsis. From the RCS plot, an increased risk of sepsis was observed among underweight and obese males and a similar pattern was observed among those with hypertension. BMI, age, and hypertension were found to be significant in the robust Poisson model (RR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, RR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00- 1.02, and RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.69-0.84, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: A non linear relationship was observed between BMI and occurrence of sepsis after adjusting for other factors in the critically-ill patients. Female patients in both underweight and obese category had lower occurrence of sepsis as compared to those with normal BMI. It is also worth noting that the status of diabetes did not display any association with BMI.
A CASE REPORT ON KAMPAVATA WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO ESSENTIAL TREMOR CHANGES IN QUALITY OF LIFE IN ESSENTIAL TREMOR QUESTIONNAIRE (QUEST)
Authors: JG Deepa , KV Vijeeshmon , Reddy Eluri Venkateswara
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Disease Kampavata or vepathu is explained in Ayurveda as the primary symptom of involuntary movement of body parts. It is explained among nanatmaja vyadhi of Vata dosha. Aetiology and pathogenesis are due to this increased Vata. Basti chikitsa is mentioned as the ultimate chikitsa to pacify Vata dosha. Before doing any shodhana chikitsa rookshana and sneha sveda are needed. Case Report: A case report of a patient with balance problems during locomotion and increased tremors of the hand and head was discussed. Result: After the treatment patient got improved in balance and coordination, handwriting, reduced frequency of tremors etc. This case report also explains the improvement in different domains of quality-of-life pre and post-treatment.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHANDRAPRABHA VARTI OINTMENT: AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION
Authors: Gunjan Sharma , Kanchan Pant , Priyanka Rani
Published: May 2023

The eyes are the most important of the five senses. If a person is endowed with all other sensory faculties, strength, beautiful appearance etc. but without eyesight, he will be as useless as an insect (kudya). Chandraprabha Varti is an Ayurvedic topical formulation mentioned in the Ayurvedic classic. According to Acharya Yogratnakar, this Varti eliminates Timira, Pistaka, Patala and Pushpakaroga. For better compliance with medicine and aseptic delivery of drugs, the Varti will be modified in the ointment. The present study has been undertaken to develop the physiochemical profile of the final product. Anjana was prepared in the form of ghan satva kalpana. Ajamutra was added in decoction in adequate amounts and then mixed with emulsified bee wax to attain the final product. Materials and Method: The prepared drug was evaluated for organoleptic study and physiochemical study, and the product was subjected to microbial contamination test for developing standards. Result: The result shows the organoleptic character and sterility. Conclusion: Chandraprabha Varti ointment was prepared by following the method prescribed in Yogratnakar. This paper presents the analytical study of the formulation.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SHATAHWADI GHRITA: A POLYHERBAL AYURVEDIC FORMULATION
Authors: Priyanka Rani , . Kalpana , Gunjan Sharma
Published: May 2023

The eye is the most significant sense organ to process the world around us. As quoted in Ashtanga Hridaya, every person should sincerely attempt to maintain their vision till their last breath since, for a person who is blind, day and night are the same, and this lovely world is of no value to him even if he is wealthy. Shatahwadi ghrita is an Ayurvedic formulation mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya in the management of timira. The content of this ghrita is Shatahva, Kushta, Nalada, Kakoli, Ksheerkakoli, Yashtimadhu, Prapoundrika, Sarala, Pippali, and Devdaru. It contains drug having rasayana, balya, chakshushya and tridoshara properties. Material and Method: The prepared drug was evaluated for an organoleptic study, and physicochemical study and the product were subjected to a microbial contamination test for developing standards. Results: Shatahwadi ghrita standardisation shows remarkable results regarding the refractive index, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, etc.
Incidence and Severity of Blister Mite (Eriophyes erinea Nalepa) on Walnut (Juglans regia L.) under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir Valley
Authors: Sheikh Showkat Ahmad , Mohi-Ud-Din Sajad , Yaqoob Munazah , Mantoo Mohd. Ayoob , Ayoub Liyaqat , War Waseem Ahmad , Farooq Zuhaib
Published: May 2023

Walnut is an important crop that is widely grown for its edible nuts, timber, and other commercial uses. Walnut pests can cause significant damage to the trees and reduce the quality and quantity of the crop. Walnut blister beetles can cause significant damage to walnut trees, especially during the early stages of fruit development. The data generated on incidence and severity revealed that the incidence of E. erinea commenced from 13th standard meteorological week (SMW) with mean incidence of 1.2 blister per leaf observed in this SMW, reached to its peak (22.7 per leaf) during 30th SMW and then decreased and reached to 0.8 blisters per leaf during 43rd SMW. The mean number of blister was found highest (18.64±1.62) in the month of July and lowest (1.25±0.2) in the month of October. Low severity (4.0%) of E. erinea was recorded in April, which reached to its peak (28.5%) in the month of July, thereafter, the severity decreased and reached to 1.5 per cent in the month of October.
Mental Health of Public School Teachers in Davao de Oro, Philippines
Authors: Clarion Emmanuel B. , Palarisan Novie John
Published: May 2023

Aims: The present investigation aims to determine the mental health status of public school teachers post-pandemic. This study seeks to provide descriptive results on the depression, anxiety, and stress scale of the respondents.

Study Design: The study employed a quantitative survey design.

Methodology: A total of 175 public school teachers responded to the survey. This utilized the DASS-21. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, ANOVA, and T-test.

Results: The findings revealed that 58.29% of respondents are female, 34.86% are between 31 to 35 years old, and 41.71% have been in service for 6 to 10 years. At the time of this study, 45.71% of the respondents are currently enrolled in graduate studies. The status of their mental health was as follows: Stress scale (20), depression scale (13), and anxiety (9) interpreted as moderate, mild, and mild, respectively. Also, there is a significant difference in the statuses of respondents' mental health when grouped according to years in service, age, and gender.

Conclusion: The study concluded that public school teachers are experiencing mild symptoms of anxiety and depression and moderate stress levels. This entails that there remains room for improving current efforts to rally contextualized efforts to improve the mental health status of teachers.
Effects of the Construction of the Souapiti Hydroelectric Dam on the Ichthyofauna of the Konkouré River - Case of the Sub-prefecture of Tondon - Republic of Guinea
Authors: Thea Berthin , Bangoura Facinet , Kaba Odia Mamady , Konaté Yacouba , Konaté Daouda , Camara Aboubacar Mabinty
Published: May 2023

The present study carried out during the period from October 3, 2020 to December 28, 2020 on the Konkouré River in the sub-prefecture of Tondon aimed at evaluating the consequences of the construction of the Souapiti hydroelectric dam on the ichthyofauna of the Konkouré River in order to make concrete proposals for a sustainable management of the ichthyological fauna.

During this study, the consultation with the managers revealed the presence of 4 hydroelectric dams on the Konkouré (Garafiri, Kaléta, Souapiti and Amaria in progress). The number of professional fishermen before the construction of the dam was 201 and 198 after the dam. The number of semi-professional fishermen before the construction of the dam was 157 and 276 after the construction of the dam. The numbers of boats and fishing gear before the dam are 39 and 34 respectively, after the dam they are 113 and 103. There are 2 fishing seasons, a good season where the fishing intensity increases from June to July with 32 and 30kg of fish respectively, and a bad season from December to January with 1 and 5kg of fish respectively. After the construction of the dam, there was a decrease in catches during the good season (30 and 26kg) and the bad season (1 and 3kg). The ichthyological inventory carried out before the construction of the dam identified 34 species divided into 12 families, of which the Cichlidae were the most represented (7 species). After the dam, a total of 16 species divided into 7 families, of which the Cyprinidae were the most dominant (5 species). The sampling carried out during the experimental fisheries allowed the identification of 312 individuals in 6 stations and the spatio-temporal situation of the Konkouré River to be regressed from an environmental and ichthyofaunal point of view in the study area.
Vulnerability of Farmers to Climate Change in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Shankara M. H. , Shivamurthy M. , Shivalingiah Y. N. , Sahana S. , Padma S. R.
Published: May 2023

Changing climatic parameters will have a huge effect on life and nature. Climate change will be best viewed through the increase in temperature, melting of ice and rapid rise in sea level. Such changes causes severe problems to human beings and other forms of life. Vulnerability to climate change is intimately related to poverty, as the poor are least able to respond to climatic stimuli. Further, certain regions of the world are more harshly affected by the effects of climate change than others. With this background the present study was carried out know the vulnerability of farmers to climate change in the Central Dry Zone of Karnataka with exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity as the dimensions. The study was conducted in the Central Dry Zone (Zone - IV) of Karnataka, India. Tiptur and Chiknayakanahalli taluks from Tumakuru district, Kadur from Chikmagalore district, Arsikere from Hassan district and Challakere from Chitradurga district were selected purposively for the study. The data was collected from 150 respondents. To exposure of farmers to climate change, rainfall and temperature were selected and the majority of farmers were severely exposed (0.822) and sensitive (0.894) to climate change with lower adaptive capacity (0.576) between the year 2013-2017. It shows that, 0.186, 0.226, 0.224, 0.220 and 0.241 was the Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) of Arsikere, Kadur, Tiptur, Chiknayakanahalli and Challakere taluk, respectively. The overall CVI value of all taluks was 0.218. As per the result, all taluks were severely vulnerable to climate change.
Integrações desintegradas: os (des)caminhos da educação profissional e "tecnológica" no Brasil
Authors: Silva Marcelo Lira
Published: May 2023

Quando se fala em política de educação profissional e tecnológica, encontra-se presente como mediação fundamental os tipos de capitalismo e classes sociais, bem como a posição do Estado nas relações internacionais. No Brasil, contraditoriamente, constituiu-se um senso comum acadêmico que produz e difunde teorias educacionais descoladas das questões estruturais do Estado, do capitalismo e das classes sociais. O artigo em questão buscará discutir a formação e desenvolvimento da chamada Rede Federal, seu suposto centenário e sua relação fundamental com as classes sociais, o capitalismo e o Estado brasileiro. Trata-se de questão central, em um contexto de desindustrialização e redimensionamento de colônia de exportação de commodity.
O mar não está para peixe: análise marxista dos discursos contidos no documentário Seaspiracy: mar vermelho (2021)
Authors: Prá Luísa Gonçalo , D'Agostini Adriana
Published: May 2023

As relações ser humano-oceano se desenvolvem ao longo da história, e, com a industrialização capitalista da atividade pesqueira, percebe-se um contexto predatório em que a sociedade se encontra frente aos oceanos. Partindo de uma análise materialista-histórico-dialética, a ideologia é em si mesma um dos aspectos da história; nesse sentido, produções audiovisuais, como os documentários, podem se estruturar de forma a sustentar e reproduzir determinadas relações sociais de produção dos meios de vida, ou criticar essas relações. Nesse trabalho, analisamos os discursos contidos no documentário “Seaspiracy: mar vermelho” de Ali Tabrizi, seguindo uma adaptação do modelo geral para análise de filmes de Denzin (2004). Em complementação ao modelo, analisamos a obra sob a perspectiva da dialética, da totalidade e da contradição, apoiando-nos no método materialista-histórico-dialético elaborado por Marx e Engels.
Ensaio de interpretação da (psicologia na) realidade brasileira: contribuições de Mariátegui
Authors: Ireno Di Flora Júlia , Mendonça Carneiro Sílvia , Souza de Andrade Soraya , Antunes da Costa Pedro Henrique
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho resgata as contribuições de José Carlos Mariátegui para propor uma análise crítica da psicologia brasileira. Apresentamos uma síntese do estatuto teórico-metodológico do peruano: sua dialética romântico-realista; a centralidade e consubstancialidade da questão indígena e da terra; e o socialismo indo-americano. Sinalizamos caminhos para se abrasileirar a psicologia brasileira, construindo um saber-fazer psi atento à totalidade e comprometido com as maiorias populares. Constatamos que a investigação crítica dos processos formativos do Brasil viabiliza uma compreensão ampliada da concretude na/pela qual seus sujeitos se forjam, impulsionando crítica e transformação na/da psicologia.
As metodologias ativas na formação do profissional de saúde: uma análise crítica à luz do materialismo histórico-dialético
Authors: Vaz Santiago Nathania , Berenchtein Netto Nilson
Published: May 2023

As metodologias ativas estão se expandindo e se consolidando como teoria e prática pedagógica na formação do profissional de saúde, produzindo a necessidade de análise deste fenômeno, buscando compreender suas origens, desenvolvimento e consequências para a formação, atuação e consciência social dos trabalhadores da saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as determinações materiais, bem como suas expressões filosóficas, políticas e ideológicas, do processo de adesão às metodologias ativas na formação do profissional da saúde, à luz do materialismo histórico-dialético.
Vivências educacionais no cárcere: entre a emancipação e o controle social
Authors: Borborema Adriana , Almeida Costa e Santos Peretta Anabela
Published: May 2023

No Brasil, apesar da Educação no cárcere ser garantida por lei, este vem sendo um direito negado à população encarcerada. Diante disso, procuramos explicar, a partir das vivências educacionais de ex detentos, como é produzida e efetivada a exclusão escolar em Unidades Prisionais. A análise, fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, constatou a impossibilidade de oferta de vagas, o predomínio do oferecimento de atividades laborais o ensino precário e a redução do papel da escola à remição de pena. Entretanto, encontramos nas contradições do sistema e na própria Educação, caminhos para enfrentamento, emancipação e superação dessa realidade.
Sobre gotas de chuva: a categoria consciência na obra de L.S. Vigotski como caminho para a formação humana para além da dicotomia corpo-mente
Authors: Zanela Jennifer , Malina André , Barreto de Azevedo Ângela Celeste , De Lima José Milton
Published: May 2023

: O objetivo do presente artigo é situarmos a leitura de Vigotski sobre a categoria consciência a partir da crise na Psicologia que produz, no interior das teorias psicológicas, um imobilismo na compreensão da subjetividade humana, acarretando uma cisão no entendimento do indivíduo. Dessa forma, discutimos textos do autor no Tomo I das Obras Escolhidas que apontam para possibilidades de superação da crise de método instaurada e do dualismo que permeia e assombra a Psicologia até os dias atuais. Elegendo a categoria consciência como uma possibilidade de unidade corpo-mente, concluímos que Vigotski faz um esforço teórico para elaborar uma teoria que almeja a compreensão do ser humano enquanto ser social.
Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults
Authors: Jonas Daniel E. , Riley Sean R. , Lee Lindsey C. , Coffey Cory P. , Wang Shu-Hua , Asher Gary N. , Berry Anne M. , Williams Niketa , Balio Casey , Voisin Christiane E. , Kahwati Leila C.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can progress to active tuberculosis disease, causing morbidity and mortality.

Objective

To review the evidence on benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of LTBI in adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).

Data Sources

PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through December 3, 2021; references; experts; literature surveillance through January 20, 2023.

Study Selection

English-language studies of LTBI screening, LTBI treatment, or accuracy of the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). Studies of LTBI screening and treatment for public health surveillance or disease management were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality; qualitative synthesis of findings; meta-analyses conducted when a sufficient number of similar studies were available.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Screening test accuracy; development of active tuberculosis disease, transmission, quality of life, mortality, and harms.

Results

A total of 113 publications were included (112 studies; N = 69 009). No studies directly evaluated the benefits and harms of screening. Pooled estimates for sensitivity of the TST were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.87) at the 5-mm induration threshold, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76-0.87) at the 10-mm threshold, and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.46-0.74) at the 15-mm threshold. Pooled estimates for sensitivity of IGRA tests ranged from 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) to 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92). Pooled estimates for specificity of screening tests ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. For treatment of LTBI, a large (n = 27 830), good-quality randomized clinical trial found a relative risk (RR) for progression to active tuberculosis at 5 years of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.24-0.52) for 24 weeks of isoniazid compared with placebo (number needed to treat, 112) and an increase in hepatotoxicity (RR, 4.59 [95% CI, 2.03-10.39]; number needed to harm, 279). A previously published meta-analysis reported that multiple regimens were efficacious compared with placebo or no treatment. Meta-analysis found greater risk for hepatotoxicity with isoniazid than with rifampin (pooled RR, 4.22 [95% CI, 2.21-8.06]; n = 7339).

Conclusions and Relevance

No studies directly evaluated the benefits and harms of screening for LTBI compared with no screening. TST and IGRAs were moderately sensitive and highly specific. Treatment of LTBI with recommended regimens reduced the risk of progression to active tuberculosis. Isoniazid was associated with higher rates of hepatotoxicity than placebo or rifampin.
Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione Carol M. , Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Cabana Michael , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wong John B.
Published: May 2023

Importance

In the US, tuberculosis remains an important preventable disease, including active tuberculosis, which may be infectious, and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), which is asymptomatic and not infectious but can later progress to active disease. The precise prevalence rate of LTBI in the US is difficult to determine; however, estimated prevalence is about 5.0%, or up to 13 million persons. Incidence of tuberculosis varies by geography and living accommodations, suggesting an association with social determinants of health.

Objective

To update its 2016 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review on LTBI screening and treatment in asymptomatic adults seen in primary care, as well as the accuracy of LTBI screening tests.

Population

Asymptomatic adults 18 years or older at increased risk for tuberculosis.

Evidence Assessment

The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that there is a moderate net benefit in preventing active tuberculosis disease by screening for LTBI in persons at increased risk for tuberculosis infection.

Recommendation

The USPSTF recommends screening for LTBI in populations at increased risk. (B recommendation)
Assessment of Tumor Mutational Burden and Outcomes in Patients With Diverse Advanced Cancers Treated With Immunotherapy
Authors: Aggarwal Charu , Ben-Shachar Rotem , Gao Yinjie , Hyun Seung Won , Rivers Zachary , Epstein Carrie , Kaneva Kristiyana , Sangli Chithra , Nimeiri Halla , Patel Jyoti
Published: May 2023

Importance

There are few studies assessing the association of tumor mutational burden (TMB) and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of patients with diverse advanced cancers.

Objective

To clinically validate a TMB biomarker from a next-generation sequencing targeted gene panel assay.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A prespecified cohort study using the deidentified clinicogenomic Tempus database of patients sequenced between 2018 and 2022, which contained retrospective, observational data originating from 300 cancer sites including 199 community sites and 101 academic sites. Patients with advanced solid tumors across 8 cancer types and more than 20 histologies, sequenced with Tempus xT who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line or second-line setting were included. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to August 2022.

Exposure

Treatment with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved antiprogrammed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) ICI and/or in combination with a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 ICI.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the association of tumor mutational burden (TMB) binary category (high [≥10 mut/mb] vs low) with overall survival (OS) in patients treated with ICIs. Secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), and time to progression (TTP).

Results

In the evaluable cohort of 674 patients, the median (IQR) age was 69.4 (28.6-89.8) years, 271 patients (40.2%) were female, and 435 patients (64.5%) were White. The most common advanced cancers were non–small cell lung cancer (330 patients [49.0%]), followed by bladder cancer (148 patients [22.0%]), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (96 patients [14.8%]). Median (IQR) follow-up was 7.2 (3.2-14.1) months. High TMB (TMB-H) cancers (206 patients [30.6%]) were significantly associated with longer OS than low TMB (TMB-L) cancers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; upper confidence bound [UCB], 0.91; P = .01). In a prospective subset of 403 patients treated with ICIs after TMB testing, TMB-H cancers (135 patients [33.5%]) were significantly associated with longer OS (HR, 0.61; UCB, 0.84; P = .005), PFS (HR, 0.62; UCB, 0.82; P = .003), and TTP (HR, 0.67; UCB, 0.92; P = .02) than TMB-L cancers. An overall survival benefit was seen regardless of the type of ICI used (pembrolizumab, 339 patients; HR, 0.67; UCB, 0.94; P = .03), other ICIs (64 patients; HR, 0.37; UCB, 0.85; P = .03), and after adjusting for PD-L1 and microsatellite stability status (403 patients; HR = 0.67; UCB, 0.92; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with advanced solid tumors treated with ICIs in diverse clinics, TMB-H cancers were significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with TMB-L cancers.
Hybrid Shear‐Thinning Hydrogel Integrating Hyaluronic Acid with ROS‐Responsive Nanoparticles
Authors: Bezold Mariah G. , Hanna Andrew R. , Dollinger Bryan R. , Patil Prarthana , Yu Fang , Duvall Craig L. , Gupta Mukesh K.
Published: May 2023

Nanoparticle (NP) supra‐assembly offers unique opportunities to tune macroscopic hydrogels’ mechanical strength, material degradation, and drug delivery properties. Here, synthetic, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive NPs are physically cross‐linked with hyaluronic acid (HA) through guest‐host chemistry to create shear‐thinning NP/HA hydrogels. A library of triblock copolymers composed of poly(propylene sulfide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐N‐(1‐adamantyl)acrylamide) are synthesized with varied triblock architectures and adamantane grafting densities and then self‐assembled into NPs displaying adamantane on their surface. Self‐assembled NPs are mixed with β‐cyclodextrin grafted HA to yield eighteen NP/HA hydrogel formulations. The NP/HA hydrogel platform demonstrates superior mechanical strength to HA‐only hydrogels, susceptibility to oxidative/enzymatic degradation, and inherent cell‐protective, antioxidant function. The performance of NP/HA hydrogels is shown to be affected by triblock architecture, guest/host grafting densities, and HA composition. In particular, the length of the hydrophilic second block and adamantane grafting density of self‐assembled NPs significantly impacts hydrogel mechanical properties and shear‐thinning behavior, while ROS‐reactivity of poly(propylene sulfide) protects cells from cytotoxic ROS and reduces oxidative degradation of HA compared to HA‐only hydrogels. This study provides insight into polymer structure‐function considerations for designing hybrid NP/HA hydrogels and identifies antioxidant, shear‐thinning hydrogels as promising injectable delivery platforms for small molecule drugs and therapeutic cells.
NIR Mechanoluminescence from Cr3+ Activated Y3Al5O12 with Intense Zero Phonon line
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Yu Xue , Peng Qingpeng , Zhu Xiaodie , Xiao Jianqiang , Xu Jiangtao , Jiang Shouxiang , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui
Published: May 2023

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials with long‐wavelength emission bands are essential for future in vivo bioimaging, non‐destructive testing of solids, etc. The lack of a defined mechanism, however, prevents the application of near infrared ML materials above 650 nm in several new fields. Here, the addition of Ga3+ ions to Y3Al5O12: Cr3+ manipulates matrix microstructure evolution, boosting near‐infrared (NIR) zero‐phonon line (ZPL) stress optical output of the Cr3+ ion at 688 nm. The key factor changing the crystal field intensity Dq/B due to the addition of Ga3+ ions is what causes the luminescence amplification of ZPL. The ML fabricated by composite polydimethylsiloxane and Y3Al4GaO12: Cr3+ (YAGG: Cr3+) may penetrate chicken feet epidermal tissue and 4 mm pork tissue thanks to the strong NIR ZPL emission of YAGG: Cr3+ phosphor. This discovery of enhancing near‐infrared ZPL intensity by solid solution provides us with a new technique for optimizing NIR ML materials, as well as a new prospect for NIR ML materials in biological applications.
Phase Transition Induced Thermal Reversible Luminescent of Perovskite Quantum Dots Fibers
Authors: Zheng Jinxiao , Yue Guichu , Zhou Zi'an , Li Hui , Hou Lanlan , Sun Chenghua , Li Xuanze , Kang Lei , Wang Nü , Zhao Yong , Zhou Shuyun
Published: May 2023

Converting and patterning high‐quality perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) into flexible thin films is of great significance for high‐performance solid‐state optical applications. However, the poor stability and low quantum efficiency of PQDs after film formation is a big challenge hindering their usability. Here, an in situ synthesis strategy to prepare ligand‐free long‐term stable CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3@poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) PQDs fibers with thermal responsive fluorescence performance is demonstrated. The luminescence of the CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3@PMMA PQDs fibers can rapidly and reversibly quench and recover between heating and cooling cycles. It reveals that the thermally induced phase transition of CsPb(Br0.3I0.7)3 results in this thermally reversible luminescence phenomenon. This temperature‐reversible luminescence characteristic not only deepens the comprehension of the temperature‐dependent phase transition behavior of perovskite materials but also broadens their applications in the fields of information encryption storage, anti‐counterfeiting, temperature warning, and other temperature‐responsive fields.