bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photonic 1K3D@60 FPS Surface Extraction with Hilbert Dimension Squeezing Approach
Authors: Jiang Yue , Zhang Wenjia , Guo Jiayuan , Wang Han , He Zuyuan
Published: May 2024

We propose an integrated photonic 3D-surface information extractor leveraged by Hilbert dimension squeezing approach, achieving 3D-data surface information with 1K resolution @60 FPS and 93% data compression.
Capacity-Bound Evaluation and Routing and Spectrum Assignment for Elastic Optical Path Networks with Distance-Adaptive Modulation
Authors: Cruzado Kenji , Mori Yojiro , Lin Shih-Chun , Matsuura Motoharu , Subramaniam Suresh , Hasegawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

A novel and effective network capacity estimation method and an RSA algorithm suitable for elastic optical path networks are presented. The proposed algorithm successfully achieves the utilization penalty of just 5-16% from the bound.
Environmentally Stable Ultra-Low Noise Self-Injection Locked Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Savchenkov Anatoliy , Zhang Wei , Iltchenko Vladimir , Matsko Andrey
Published: May 2024

Self-injection locking (SIL) of semiconductor lasers by means of monolithic optical cavities allow generation of high spectral purity and high stability optical signals under varying environmental conditions. We review recent advances in the field and focus at the SIL by means of monolithic Fabry-Perot resonators.
Frequency Modulated Integrated 780 nm Brillouin Laser with 24 Hz Fundamental and 1.4 kHz Integral Linewidths and 22 kHz Modulation Bandwidth
Authors: Isichenko Andrei , Chauhan Nitesh , Wang Jiawei , Harrington Mark W. , Liu Kaikai , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a frequency modulated 780 nm Brillouin laser pumped by a semiconductor laser. We achieve a 1.4 kHz 1/p integral linewidth and 24 Hz fundamental linewidth and a 22 kHz modulation bandwidth.
Parametric Oscillators and Soliton Combs in Bandgap-detuned Nanoresonators
Authors: Jin Yan , Zang Jizhao , Briles Travis , Carlson David , Papp Scott
Published: May 2024

We report controllable generation of OPO lasers and soliton microcombs by manipulating nonlinear dynamics with nanophotonic bandgaps. By excitation detuned from bandgap modes, we realize wide-tunability, low-threshold-power and high-conversion-efficiency lasers.
Dark soliton microcomb with high conversion efficiency in a 400-nm-thick Si3N4 microring for WDM light sources
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Lu Liangjun , Wang Shuxiao , Cai Yan , Guo Yuyao , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: May 2024

We generate a dark soliton microcomb with a conversion efficiency of 49% and -10 dBm spectral bandwidth of 28 nm in a single 400-nm-thick Si3N4 microring fabricated by a commercial foundry, which supports high-performance WDM light sources.
All-Fiber Raman and Parametric-Assisted Spectral Talbot Array Illuminator for Mode Spacing Multiplication
Authors: Li Zijian , Ding Chen , Xiao Qiarong , Xie Qijie , Zhang Yuanfei , Huang Chaoran , Shu Chester
Published: May 2024

An optical frequency comb with multiplied mode spacing of 94.5 GHz and up to 35 dB carrier-to-noise ratio is produced by a hybridly amplified spectral Talbot processor. The output supports frequency comb based coherent communications.
Interoperable Coherent WDM interfaces at 400G and 800G
Authors: Pincemin Erwan , Renais Olivier
Published: May 2024

400G coherent WDM interfaces were recently standardized by multi-source agreement and standardization forums to enable interoperable operation across DCI, metro/regional and IPoWDM networks of transceivers from various vendors with DSP of different suppliers. The work is under progress for 800G WDM interfaces with the objective to deal with the same use cases at 800G as at 400G. OpenROADM is elaborating for the first time an interoperable probabilistic constellation shaping specification that addresses this need.
Real-Time 1.2Tb/s Large Capacity DCI Transmission
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhu B. , Zhang S. , Pfau T. , Awadalla A. , Aydinlik M. , Geyer J.
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate real-time WDM transmissions of 39.6 Tb/s (33x1.2Tb/s) over a 172km fibre link. The transmission was accomplished without post-FEC error for >46-hours.
Dispersion-Unmanaged Transmission of 144-Gb/s PAM-8 and 110-Gb/s PAM-6 Signals over 10/20-km SSMF for DML-Based IM-DD Optics at C Band
Authors: Wu Qi , Xu Zhaopeng , Zhu Yixiao , Ji Honglin , Yang Yu , Liang Junpeng , Ji Tonghui , Qiao Gang , Wang Shangcheng , Liu Lulu , He Zhixue , Wei Jinlong , Zhuge Qunbi , Hu Weisheng
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate record net 134.6-Gb/s PAM-8 and 102.8-Gb/s PAM-6 signals transmission over 10/20-km SSMF using a 20-GHz commercial C-band DML without dispersion management, using joint sparse Volterra nonlinear equalization and noise whitening DSP techniques.
Field Transmission Performance of Multi-core and Few-Mode Fibers
Authors: Antonelli C. , Mecozzi A. , Marotta A. , Graziosi F. , Di Sciullo G. , Ribezzo D. , Mazur M. , Fontaine N. , Dallachiesa L. , Ryf R. , Luis R. , Puttnam B. , Furukawa H. , Rademacher G. , Emmerich R. , Schubert C. , Hayashi T. , Nakanishi T. , Nagashima T. , Sillard P. , Bacco D. , Zavatta A. , Zahidy M. , Oxenløwe L. , Cappelletti M. , Palmieri L. , Parolari P. , Gatto A. , Boffi P. , Sambo N. , Carena A. , Nespola A.
Published: May 2024

This presentation reviews accumulated knowledge on the performance of field-deployed fibers for spatially multiplexed transmission. These are multi-core and few-mode fibers deployed in the Italian city of L'Aquila as part of the INCIPICT testbed for space-division multiplexing.
Standard Coating Diameter Uncoupled 19-Core Multicore Fiber with Highest Core Density for Optical Wiring
Authors: Matsuno Yusuke , Sugizaki Ryuichi , Takahashi Masanori
Published: May 2024

19-core MCF with standard coating diameter was fabricated. Highest core density was achieved compared with that of reported uncoupled MCFs using homogeneous cores. r=7.5mm bending can be applied to the MCF with certain mechanical reliability.
Water-to-Air PAM4 Optical Camera Communication Using Long Short Term Memory Neural Network (LSTM-NN)
Authors: Chang Yun-Han , Tsai Shang-Yen , Tsai Ming-Chieh , Li Jia-Fu , Jian Yin-He , Chow Chi-Wai , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a wide field-of-view (FOV) water-to-air transmission using rolling-shutter-based optical-camera-communication (OCC). Long-short-term-memory-neural-network (LSTM-NN) is utilized to mitigate the wavy water-surface induced link outage and to decode 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM4) rolling-shutter pattern.
Seeing through Wave—Real-time Beam Tracking via a ResNet-based Model in Water-air OWC Systems
Authors: Xu Anzi , Di Yujie , Yue Xiangyu , Chen Lian-Kuan
Published: May 2024

A ResNet-based model using one wave-distorted image input is demonstrated for real-time beam tracking. Packet loss rates reduce from 18% to 4% under a wave’s ASCR of 0.614 rad/s, realizing a robust water-air OWC system.
Experimental Demonstration of 14.5 Gbps Turbulence-Resilient Visible Laser Communication with Vector Beams based on LiNbO3 External Modulation
Authors: Cai Jifan , Lu Zhilan , Zhang Shuqi , Niu Wenqing , Shi Jianyang , Li Ziwei , Shen Chao , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan
Published: May 2024

The paper experimentally demonstrates the turbulence-resistant effects of vector optics in free-space communication, achieving a transmission rate of 14.5Gbps using a visible light LiNbO3 external modulator.
Experimental Demonstration of an 8-Gbit/s QPSK Coherent Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Link Under Scattering Conditions
Authors: Duan Yuxiang , Zhou Huibin , Jiang Zile , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Su Xinzhou , Ko Wing , Zuo Yue , Lian Hongkun , Zhao Zixun , Zeng Ruoyu , Wang Yingning , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate an 8-Gbit/s QPSK coherent underwater wireless optical communication link under scattering conditions at 532 nm. We achieve BER below 20% FEC limit under attenuation length up to 6.5, and the corresponding receiver sensitivity is -29.8 dBm.
Low-Complexity SD-FEC based on Channel-Polarized Multistage Codes for Data Center Networks
Authors: Kakizaki Takeshi , Nakamura Masanori , Hamaoka Fukutaro , Okamoto Seiji , Yamazaki Etsushi
Published: May 2024

We propose channel-polarized multistage codes (CP-MSC) using multiple SD-FEC codes with different overheads. 0.08-dB net coding gain improvement is obtained by 21% total-overhead CP-MSC over conventional low-complexity SD-FEC code at the same overhead and complexity.
122.6 Tb/s S+C+L Band Unrepeated Transmission over 223 km link with Optimised Bidirectional Raman Amplification
Authors: Yang Jiaqian , Aparecido Romulo , Buglia Henrique , Hazarika Pratim , Sillekens Eric , Sohanpal Ronit , Tan Mingming , Pratiwi Dini , Luis Ruben S. , Puttnam Benjamin J. , Wakayama Yuta , Forysiak Wladek , Bayvel Polina , Killey Robert I.
Published: May 2024

A 223 km unrepeated transmission link is experimentally demonstrated using 121 nm optical bandwidth. Optimised bidirectional Raman amplification as well as Thulium- and Erbium-doped fibre amplifiers enable a record throughput of 122.62 Tb/s.
Wavelength Reconfigurable Transceiver For Multi-Interface Compute Accelerator Networks
Authors: Wu Zhenguo , Parsons Robert , Wang Songli , Wang Yuyang , Bergman Keren
Published: May 2024

We present a multi-port reconfigurable silicon photonic transceiver for flexible bandwidth reallocation in multi-interface architectures. We demonstrate on-chip wavelength reconfiguration on a optical testbed and show 94% job completion time improvement in large-scale network simulations.
A Tale for Many: Integrated Control Mechanism of Optical Circuit Switching for Data Center and Distributed Deep Learning System
Authors: Wang Cen , Wakayama Yuta , Yoshikane Noboru , Tsuritani Takehiro
Published: May 2024

We propose an integrated control mechanism of optical circuit switching for both general data center traffics and deep distributed learning applications. Semi-physical evaluations show a relative throughput of 1.27 and a 6.18× speedup in a 256-block network constructed by MEMS-based optical switches.
Range and Velocity Measurement with a Bi-static LiDAR System Based on Optical Phased Array
Authors: Xu Weihan , Cao Xianyi , Yuan Qiqi , Liu Chuxin , Guo Yuyao , Lu Liangjun , Wu Kan , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: May 2024

Based on a linearly-chirped DFB laser and two multi-layered Si3N4-On-Si optical phased arrays, bi-static frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) ranging and velocimetry are demonstrated at a ranging resolution of 8 mm and a velocity resolution of 1.6 mm/s.
Common Path Beam Angle Measurement for Free Space Optical Communication System
Authors: Fan Qirun , Zou Yansheng , Du Haoze , Ao Xueyuan , Xu Qirui , Dai Xiaoxiao , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Liu Chen
Published: May 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a common path design for the pointing angle measurement and communication signal receiving. The angle measurement ability is characterized and the concurrent angle measurement and communication is verified for free-space optical communication.
Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Transmitter for Space Based Communications Nodes
Authors: Gopal Vignesh , Su Xinzhou , Novick Asher , Song Hao , Jiang Zile , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Venditto James M. , Rizzo Anthony , Meng Xiang , Menchon-Enrich Ricard , Willner Alan E. , Bergman Keren
Published: May 2024

We present the first reconfigurable silicon-photonic link capable of both coherent and intensity modulation/direct detection (IM-DD). We experimentally demonstrate error free OOK, BPSK, and QPSK modulated signals all on a single transmitter.
300-Gbit/s/λ PAM8 Modulation with a Silicon Microring Modulator using Long Short Term Memory Regression and Deep Neural Network Classification
Authors: Hung Tun-Yao , Chan David W. U. , Peng Ching-Wei , Chow Chi-Wai , Yeh Chien-Hung , Tsang Hon Ki
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a 300-Gbit/s PAM8 modulation using a 55-GHz bandwidth silicon-microring-modulator (SiMRM) with a driving voltage of 1.8-Vpp. To achieve high-order PAM8 modulation, long-short-term-memory (LSTM) and deep-neural-network (DNN) are used for regression and classification respectively.
Experimental Demonstration of Automated ML Service Provisioning for VNT Configuration in SDM Networks
Authors: Gao Hanyu , Chen Xiaokang , Zheng Wenbang , Wang Aoxue , Pan Jingshun , Chen Xiaoliang , Li Zhaohui
Published: May 2024

This paper demonstrates automated ML service provisioning for virtual network topology (VNT) configuration over a 7-core fiber SDM testbed. Results show below 3-second VNT configuration time and provisioning of QoT estimators with > 90% accuracy using < 100 samples.
Advancements in Key Technological Building Blocks for Enabling MCF Implementation
Authors: Nakanishi Tetsuya , Hayashi Tetsuya , Mouri Shintaro , Hasegawa Takemi
Published: May 2024

Multi-core fiber (MCF) technology has made significant progress since the capacity limitations of single-mode fiber had been posed. This presentation will review the advancements and readiness of MCF and its key components, showcasing the technical feasibility of MCF technology in real-world applications.
Stress Distribution Effects on Polarization-Mode Dispersion in Multi-Core Fibers
Authors: Ocampo Gustavo , Amma Yoshimichi , Saitoh Kunimasa
Published: May 2024

We investigate the origin of large PMD measurements in a 30-core heterogeneous MCF based on stress distribution analysis. We show proximity between cores and their refractive index profiles as main stressors, resulting in large PMD.
Spin and valley-polarized Faraday rotation in irradiated buckled Xene materials
Authors: Shah Muzamil , Shah Mudasir , Khan Niaz Ali , Jan Munsif , Sajid Muhammad , Abo-Dief Hala M. , Alzahrani Eman
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the theoretical exploration of Faraday rotation and ellipticity in light beams transmitted through buckled Xene materials. These materials undergo topological phase transitions (TPTs), shifting from topologically non-trivial to trivial systems under the influence of an off-resonance irradiated laser field or a staggered electric potential. Specifically, we investigate the manifestation of these phenomena when the buckled Xene material is exposed to an off-resonant laser and staggered sublattice potential. Using the Kubo formula, we derive the optical conductivities of the buckled Xene material to analyze transmission spectra through Fresnel’s transmission coefficients. Additionally, we calculate the spin and valley-dependent Faraday rotation angles and ellipticities of the buckled Xene by selecting suitable parameters for the circularly polarized off-resonant laser field and staggered electric potential across distinct topological quantum phases. Our findings reveal a high sensitivity of Faraday rotation and ellipticity to the topological invariants. In particular, we find that due to the broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS), the amount of the maximum spin and valley polarized Faraday rotation angle and ellipticity in irradiated buckled Xene material without magnetic field are ≊±0.53∘ and ≊±0.2∘, respectively. Our results suggest possible techniques for probing topological numbers and topological phase transitions in buckled Xene materials by Faraday rotation.
Quantum Dot Comb Lasers with Optical Feedback Enhanced DWDM Transmission
Authors: Wang Zihao , Cui xiangru , chen jiajian , Huang Jing-Zhi , Yang Bo , Qin Jiale , Wang Wenlu , Duan Jianan , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianjun
Published: May 2024

Feedback-insensitive Quantum Dot (QD) comb lasers hold significant promise for integrated dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) photonic systems due to their ability to generate multiple wavelengths and operate without bulky isolators, facilitating the development of high-density and large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs). In this study, we investigated the optical feedback (OFB) influence of InAs/GaAs QD comb laser from various perspectives. Our findings reveal that the comb laser exhibits a stable locking region with consistent optical spectra across a range of OFB strengths (-45 dB to -10 dB). Furthermore, under high OFB strength of -10 dB, there is a notable 40 dB suppression of relative intensity noise (RIN) in the low-frequency range (below 1 GHz). Transmission experiments demonstrate clear eye openings at 25 Gbps using a bit pattern of 2^31-1 pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS31). Remarkably, the bit error rates (BER) decrease by 5 orders of magnitude under -10 dB OFB. These results indicate the ultra-robustness of 100 GHz grid QD comb laser, which exhibits great transmission enhancement under strong OFB of -10 dB.
Learning with filopodia and spines: Complementary strong and weak competition lead to specialized, graded, and protected receptive fields
Authors: Albesa-González Albert , Clopath Claudia
Published: May 2024

Filopodia are thin synaptic protrusions that have been long known to play an important role in early development. Recently, they have been found to be more abundant in the adult cortex than previously thought, and more plastic than spines (button-shaped mature synapses). Inspired by these findings, we introduce a new model of synaptic plasticity that jointly describes learning of filopodia and spines. The model assumes that filopodia exhibit strongly competitive learning dynamics -similarly to additive spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). At the same time it proposes that, if filopodia undergo sufficient potentiation, they consolidate into spines. Spines follow weakly competitive learning, classically associated with multiplicative, soft-bounded models of STDP. This makes spines more stable and sensitive to the fine structure of input correlations. We show that our learning rule has a selectivity comparable to additive STDP and captures input correlations as well as multiplicative models of STDP. We also show how it can protect previously formed memories and perform synaptic consolidation. Overall, our results can be seen as a phenomenological description of how filopodia and spines could cooperate to overcome the individual difficulties faced by strong and weak competition mechanisms.
Continuous quality evaluation of the Asanté rapid test for recent infection for robust kit lot quality verification
Authors: Zheng Amy , Detorio Mervi , Dobbs Trudy , Shanmugam Vedapuri , Tan Xiaojuan , Vuong Jeni , Domaoal Robert A. , Lee Kemba , Williams LaTasha , Jackson Keisha , Parekh Bharat , Yufenyuy Ernest L.
Published: May 2024

The Sedia Biosciences Asanté rapid test for recent infection (RTRI) can identify HIV infections and characterize HIV-1 as recent or long-term infection via the positive verification (V) line and long-term line (LT) line, respectively. Tracking with Recency Assays to Control the Epidemic (TRACE) program uses RTRI assays. Successful implementation of TRACE requires high-quality test performance. The goal of this study is to evaluate the additional quality practices established for new kit lots prior to field use. Asanté lot quality control data from the manufacturer is reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention International Laboratory Branch (CDC-ILB) in the Division of Global HIV and TB using. If a lot passes manufacturer quality control and CDC-ILB review, test kits are sent to CDC-ILB for further evaluation. Evaluation by CDC includes inter-rater reliability and linear regressions comparing the V and LT lines against reference data as well as V and LT line data between testers. A Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to assess bias and systematic error. Overall, CDC-ILB passed 29 (91%) out of 32 Sedia Biosciences Asanté kit lots that initially passed manufacturing quality control from July 2017 to May 2020. Regression analyses demonstrate that test kits are performing as expected with consistent R2≥0.92 for both V and LT lines. On average, inter-rater reliability kappa was 0.9, indicating a strong level of agreement. Bland-Altman analyses demonstrate high agreement with little to no systematic error and bias. Ongoing evaluation of new RTRI kit lots is important to ensure high quality test performance. Rejecting 9% of kit lots highlight the importance of continuing to work with manufacturers to ensure consistent kit production and quality assurance (QA) activities. Investing in effective QA measures, conducting both pre- and post-market performance data reviews, could help improve RTRI accuracy and outcomes in similar testing programs.
Estimating the effect of corporate integrity culture on tax avoidance using a text-based approach: A research note
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Chintrakarn Pandej , Papangkorn Suwongrat , Jiraporn Pornsit
Published: May 2024

Tax avoidance holds immense importance due to its substantial implications for government revenues and the fair allocation of resources. Consequently, understanding the factors that shape tax avoidance is critically important. Exploiting a cutting-edge measure of corporate integrity derived from state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms and textual analysis, we explore the effect of corporate integrity on tax avoidance. Our text-based measure is based on a textual analysis of earnings conference call transcripts. Our findings show that companies with greater corporate integrity are significantly less involved in tax avoidance. Further analysis corroborates the results, i.e., propensity score matching, entropy balancing, and an instrumental variable analysis. Our findings are especially noteworthy as they demonstrate that corporate culture, although intangible in nature, exerts a substantial influence on corporate behavior.
Insights into the novel Enterococcus faecalis phage: A comprehensive genome analysis
Authors: Abed Sahar , Sholeh Mohammad , Khazani Asforooshani Mahshid , Shafiei Morvarid , Hashemi Shahraki Abdolrazagh , Nasr Shaghayegh
Published: May 2024

Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive bacterium, poses a significant clinical challenge owing to its intrinsic resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, warranting urgent exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the viability of phage therapy as an alternative intervention for antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis, with a specific emphasis on the comprehensive genomic analysis of bacteriophage SAM-E.f 12. The investigation involved whole-genome sequencing of SAM-E.f 12 using Illumina technology, resulting in a robust dataset for detailed genomic characterization. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to predict genes and assign functional annotations. The bacteriophage SAM-E.f 12, which belongs to the Siphoviridae family, exhibited substantial potential, with a burst size of 5.7 PFU/infected cells and a latent period of 20 min. Host range determination experiments demonstrated its effectiveness against clinical E. faecalis strains, positioning SAM-E.f 12 as a precise therapeutic agent. Stability assays underscore resilience across diverse environmental conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of SAM-E.f 12 genomic composition, lytic lifecycle parameters, and practical applications, particularly its efficacy in murine wound models. These results emphasize the promising role of phage therapy, specifically its targeted approach against antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis strains. The nuanced insights derived from this research will contribute to the ongoing pursuit of efficacious phage therapies and offer valuable implications for addressing the clinical challenges associated with E. faecalis infections.
Analysis of factors influencing the degree of accidental injury of bicycle riders considering data heterogeneity and imbalance
Authors: Dong Xinchi , Zhang Daowen , Wang Chaojian , Zhang Tianshu
Published: May 2024

Bicycle safety has emerged as a pressing concern within the vulnerable transportation community. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the significant factors that contribute to the severity of cyclist injuries, yet the findings have been subject to uncertainty due to unobserved heterogeneity and class imbalance. This research aims to address these issues by developing a model to examine the impact of key factors on cyclist injury severity, accounting for data heterogeneity and imbalance. To incorporate unobserved heterogeneity, a total of 3,895 bicycle accidents were categorized into three homogeneous sub-accident clusters using Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCA). Additionally, five over-sampling techniques were employed to mitigate the effects of data imbalance in each accident cluster category. Subsequently, Bayesian Network (BN) structure learning algorithms were utilized to construct 32 BN models after pairing the accident data from the four accident cluster types before and after sampling. The optimal BN models for each accident cluster type provided insights into the key factors associated with cyclist injury severity. The results indicate that the key factors influencing serious cyclist injuries vary heterogeneously across different accident clusters. Female cyclists, adverse weather conditions such as rain and snow, and off-peak periods were identified as key factors in several subclasses of accident clusters. Conversely, factors such as the week of the accident, characteristics of the trafficway, the season, drivers failing to yield to the right-of-way, distracted cyclists, and years of driving experience were found to be key factors in only one subcluster of accident clusters. Additionally, factors such as the time of the crash, gender of the cyclist, and weather conditions exhibit varying levels of heterogeneity across different accident clusters, and in some cases, exhibit opposing effects.
Analysis of sinusoidal post-buckling deformation of horizontal coiled tubing with initial residual bending
Authors: Li Zhuang , Chen Liangyu , Yuan Fei , Zhao Lei
Published: May 2024

In the process of horizontal well construction, the working environment in the well is very complicated. It is difficult to determine the actual deformation and force of the coiled tubing in the wellbore from the load change at the wellhead along. In addition, the coiled tubing wrapped around the reel and entering the wellbore through the injection head may cause an initial residual bending. In this paper, the mathematical model of the coiled tubing under axial load during buckling deformation is established, and the analytical solution with the time term is derived by reasonable simplification of the model. The effect of residual bending on the post-sinusoidal buckling of the coiled tubing in the horizontal well was investigated using the separation variable method. The effect of residual bending variations on the well wall contact forces is analyzed. The research shows that the initial parameter Г is the main factor influencing the post-sinusoidal buckling of the coiled tubing with residual bending. The larger the parameter value Г, the greater the effect of the residual bending on the post-sinusoidal buckling deformation of the coiled tubing, and the earlier the critical point of the mixed sinusoidal-helical buckling of the coiled tubing appears. The compression velocity of the coiled tubing has a significant effect on the well wall contact force. The faster the compression, the greater the contact force. By introducing the time term and the separation variable, this paper provides a new method and theoretical basis for further study of the process of entering sinusoidal-helical buckling of the coiled tubing with initial residual bending.
Assessing the environmental factors affecting the sustainability of Aini Falaj system
Authors: Al-Kindi Khalifa M.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the spatial distribution patterns and environmental factors influencing the Aini Falaj system in a specific study area. The research findings are presented through the lens of the following four categories: collinearity diagnostics, spatial autocorrelation analysis, kernel density (KD) findings, and multivariate geographically weighted regression (MGWR) analysis. The collinearity diagnostics were applied to examine the interrelationships among 18 independent environmental variables. The results indicate the absence of significant multicollinearity concerns, with most variables showing values below the critical threshold of five for variance inflation factors (VIFs). The selected variables indicate minimal intercorrelation, suggesting that researchers should be confident utilizing them in subsequent modelling or regression analyses. A spatial autocorrelation analysis using Moran’s Index revealed positive spatial autocorrelation and significant clustering patterns in the distribution of live and non-functional Aini Falajs. High concentrations of live or dead Falajs tended to be surrounded by neighbouring areas with similar characteristics. These findings provide insights into the ecological preferences and habitat associations of Aini Falajs, thereby aiding conservation strategies and targeted studies. The kernel density (KD) analysis depicted distribution patterns of live and dry Aini Falajs through hotspots and cold spots. Specific regions exhibited high-density areas of live Falajs, indicating favourable environmental conditions or historical factors contributing to their concentrated distribution. Identifying these high-density zones can enhance our understanding of the spatial patterns and potential factors influencing the prevalence and sustainability of Aini Falajs. The multivariate geographically weighted regression (MGWR) models revealed strong associations between the live or dead status of Aini Falajs and environmental factors. The precipitation, topographic wetness index (TWI), aspect and slope exerted positive impacts on the live status, while evaporation, solar radiation, distance to drains and drain density exerted negative influences. Similar associations were observed for the dead status, emphasising the importance of controlling evaporation, shading mechanisms, proper drainage planning and sustainable land-use practices. This study provides valuable insights into the spatial distributions and factors influencing the live and dead status of Aini Falajs, thereby contributing to our understanding of their ecological dynamics and guiding conservation efforts and management strategies.
How does digital transformation affect the ESG performance of Chinese manufacturing state-owned enterprises?—Based on the mediating mechanism of dynamic capabilities and the moderating mechanism of the institutional environment
Authors: Jin Xin , Wu Yizhu
Published: May 2024

Against the background of sustainable development policies, the ESG performance of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is still generally poor. As the leading enterprises in the manufacturing industry, state-owned enterprises should take the lead in responding to the national call for sustainable development and actively explore the path to improve their ESG performance. This study aims to explore whether and how state-owned manufacturing enterprises can improve their poor ESG performance through digital transformation in the digital economy. This study takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share state-owned listed manufacturing enterprises as the research sample and constructs an unbalanced panel. OLS regression analysis is used to empirically test the impact of digital transformation on the ESG performance of the sample firms. Further attempts are made to discuss the influence mechanism of digital transformation from the perspectives of dynamic capabilities and the institutional environment through stepwise and hierarchical regression methods, respectively. The study shows that, firstly, digital transformation is an important influencing factor in promoting the improvement of enterprises’ ESG performance, and at the same time, there are significant structural differences in this influence. Second, under the dynamic capability perspective, digital transformation can improve corporate ESG performance through an absorptive feedback mechanism, matching response mechanism, and innovation efficiency enhancement mechanism. Third, from the perspective of the institutional environment, the informal system has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between digital transformation and ESG performance, i.e., the informal system and digital transformation have a synergistic governance effect on corporate ESG performance. The moderating effect of the formal institutional environment on digital transformation and ESG performance is not significant. The findings of the study clarify the controversy over the relationship between digital transformation and ESG performance of manufacturing state-owned enterprises and enrich the research on the influencing factors of corporate ESG performance. It also provides a theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for manufacturing SOEs to improve ESG performance and lead to sustainable development.
Exploring dietitians’ practice and perspectives on the role of dietary patterns during cancer treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Curtis Annie R. , Kiss Nicole , Livingstone Katherine M. , Daly Robin M. , Ugalde Anna
Published: May 2024

Background

Dietitians are nutrition professionals equipped with specialised skills required to prevent and treat malnutrition in cancer. Optimisation of dietary intake is recommended as the primary nutrition strategy for the treatment of cancer-related malnutrition. However, it is unclear whether dietary patterns, described as the combination, quantity, and frequency of food consumption, are considered. This study examined dietitians’ current food-based management of malnutrition; explored dietitians’ awareness of dietary patterns and assessed barriers and enablers to the use of dietary patterns in clinical practice.

Methods

This qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews with oncology dietitians. Dietitians were recruited through national nutrition societies, social media, and professional networks. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Fourteen oncology dietitians from across four Australian states and territories participated. Three themes were identified: (i) principles to guide nutritional care, (ii) dietary patterns as a gap in knowledge and practice, and (iii) opportunities for better care with systems as both a barrier and enabler. Dietetic practice was food-focussed, encouraging energy and protein-rich foods consistent with nutrient-focussed evidence-based guidelines. Dietitians encouraged one of two nutrition-related approaches, either encouraging intake of ‘any tolerated food’ or ‘foods supportive on longer-term health’. Dietitians were generally unaware of dietary patterns and questioned their relevance in certain clinical situations. A multidisciplinary team approach, adequate food service and dissemination of dietary patterns research and education were identified as opportunities for better patient care.

Conclusions

Recommendations for the treatment of malnutrition vary between oncology dietitians and uncertainty exists regarding dietary patterns and their relevance in clinical practice. Further exploration into the role of dietary patterns to treat cancer-related malnutrition and education for dietitians are required prior to implementation of a dietary patterns approach into clinical practice.
Feature fusion method for pulmonary tuberculosis patient detection based on cough sound
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Bao Xiaofan , Lou Xiaomin , Liu Xiaofang , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Zhang Chenlu , Pan Chen , Liu Wenlong , Liu Feng
Published: May 2024

Since the COVID-19, cough sounds have been widely used for screening purposes. Intelligent analysis techniques have proven to be effective in detecting respiratory diseases. In 2021, there were up to 10 million TB-infected patients worldwide, with an annual growth rate of 4.5%. Most of the patients were from economically underdeveloped regions and countries. The PPD test, a common screening method in the community, has a sensitivity of as low as 77%. Although IGRA and Xpert MTB/RIF offer high specificity and sensitivity, their cost makes them less accessible. In this study, we proposed a feature fusion model-based cough sound classification method for primary TB screening in communities. Data were collected from hospitals using smart phones, including 230 cough sounds from 70 patients with TB and 226 cough sounds from 74 healthy subjects. We employed Bi-LSTM and Bi-GRU recurrent neural networks to analyze five traditional feature sets including the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC), zero-crossing rate (ZCR), short-time energy, root mean square, and chroma_cens. The incorporation of features extracted from the speech spectrogram by 2D convolution training into the Bi-LSTM model enhanced the classification results. With traditional futures, the best TB patient detection result was achieved with the Bi-LSTM model, with 93.99% accuracy, 93.93% specificity, and 92.39% sensitivity. When combined with a speech spectrogram, the classification results showed 96.33% accuracy, 94.99% specificity, and 98.13% sensitivity. Our findings underscore that traditional features and deep features have good complementarity when fused using Bi LSTM modelling, which outperforms existing PPD detection methods in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.
Height & income: Labor returns of health in Mexico from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Bertozzi Stefano M.
Published: May 2024

Investment in health has been proposed as a mechanism to promote upward social mobility. Previous analyses have reported inconsistent estimates of the returns to investment in health in Mexico based on different models for different years. We aim to estimate returns for Mexico using data from four time points Adult height and labor income are drawn from the periodical national health and nutrition surveys–a group of relatively standardized surveys—that are representative of individuals living in the country in 2000, 2006, 2012 & 2018. These surveys collect anthropometric measurements and information on individuals’ labor income. We estimated Mincerian models separately for men and women using OLS, Heckman, instrumental variables, and Heckman with instrumental variables models. Our results indicate significant and positive returns to health for the four surveys, similar in magnitude across years for women and with variations for men. By 2018, returns to health were about 7.4% per additional centimeter in height for females and 9.3% for males. Investments in health and nutrition during childhood and adolescence that increase health capital–measured as adult height—may promote social mobility in Mexico and similar countries to the extent that these investments differentially increase health capital among the poor.
A case-matched study of imatinib mesylate between different formulations on plasma trough concentration, adverse events, quality of life and outcomes in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients
Authors: Zeng Li , Cheng Xiang , Li Juan , Zhang Jun , Wu Xingye
Published: May 2024

Genike, the imatinib (IM)-alpha form is widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients in China. We wanted to investigate whether there are differences in IM plasma concentrations, adverse events, health-related quality of life (QOL) and outcomes between patients treated with Genike and Glivec. Thirty included GIST patients receiving IM treatment were matched to either Genike or Glivec according to gastrectomy, body weight, body surface area and sex. There was no statistically significant difference in IM trough plasma levels between the two groups. There were no significant differences in very common adverse events of IM between the Genike and Glivec groups. IM was well tolerated, although it was associated with a significant change in cognitive function (P < 0.001), fatigue (P = 0.015), pain (P = 0.015), nausea/vomiting (P = 0.029), insomnia (P = 0.019), diarrhea (P = 0.003) and financial difficulties (P < 0.001). Physical functioning, financial burden and insomnia were significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.026). Until Aug. 2022, there was no significant difference in time to imatinib treatment failure (TTF) between the two groups. In conclusion, there was no difference in IM plasma concentration and adverse events between Genike and Glivec. Both Genike and Glivec could partially decrease the QOL of GIST patients. Physical functioning was worse in Genike group than in Glivec group, while the economic burden and symptoms of insomnia in Glivec patients were worse. There was no significant difference in TTF between the two groups.
Genetic polymorphisms affecting telomere length and their association with cardiovascular disease in the Heinz-Nixdorf-Recall study
Authors: Tannemann Nico , Erbel Raimund , Nöthen Markus M. , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Pechlivanis Sonali
Published: May 2024

Short telomeres are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate, if genetically determined telomere-length effects CVD-risk in the Heinz-Nixdorf-Recall study (HNRS) population. We selected 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with telomere-length (p<10−8) from the literature and after exclusion 9 SNPs were included in the analyses. Additionally, a genetic risk score (GRS) using these 9 SNPs was calculated. Incident CVD was defined as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary death. We included 3874 HNRS participants with available genetic data and had no known history of CVD at baseline. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to test the association between the SNPs/GRS and incident CVD-risk adjusting for common CVD risk-factors. The analyses were further stratified by CVD risk-factors. During follow-up (12.1±4.31 years), 466 participants experienced CVD-events. No association between SNPs/GRS and CVD was observed in the adjusted analyses. However, the GRS, rs10936599, rs2487999 and rs8105767 increase the CVD-risk in current smoker. Few SNPs (rs10936599, rs2487999, and rs7675998) showed an increased CVD-risk, whereas rs10936599, rs677228 and rs4387287 a decreased CVD-risk, in further strata. The results of our study suggest different effects of SNPs/GRS on CVD-risk depending on the CVD risk-factor strata, highlighting the importance of stratified analyses in CVD risk-factors.
Investigating the effect of anatomical variations in the response of the neonatal brachial plexus to applied force: Use of a two-dimensional finite element model
Authors: Wright Sarah J. , Grimm Michele J.
Published: May 2024

The brachial plexus is a set of nerves that innervate the upper extremity and may become injured during the birthing process through an injury known as Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy. Studying the mechanisms of these injuries on infant cadavers is challenging due to the justifiable sensitivity surrounding testing. Thus, these specimens are generally unavailable to be used to investigate variations in brachial plexus injury mechanisms. Finite Element Models are an alternative way to investigate the response of the neonatal brachial plexus to loading. Finite Element Models allow a virtual representation of the neonatal brachial plexus to be developed and analyzed with dimensions and mechanical properties determined from experimental studies. Using ABAQUS software, a two-dimensional brachial plexus model was created to analyze how stresses and strains develop within the brachial plexus. The main objectives of this study were (1) to develop a model of the brachial plexus and validate it against previous literature, and (2) to analyze the effect of stress on the nerve roots based on variations in the angles between the nerve roots and the spinal cord. The predicted stress for C5 and C6 was calculated as 0.246 MPa and 0.250 MPa, respectively. C5 and C6 nerve roots experience the highest stress and the largest displacement in comparison to the lower nerve roots, which correlates with clinical patterns of injury. Even small (+/- 3 and 6 degrees) variations in nerve root angle significantly impacted the stress at the proximal nerve root. This model is the first step towards developing a complete three-dimensional model of the neonatal brachial plexus to provide the opportunity to more accurately assess the effect of the birth process on the stretch within the brachial plexus and the impact of biological variations in structure and properties on the risk of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy.
Economic Burden of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Nationwide Cost-of-Illness Study
Authors: Bozorg Soran R. , Söderling Jonas , Mårild Karl , Garber John J. , Uchida Amiko , Neovius Martin , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Everhov Åsa H.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Despite its increasing prevalence, the economic impact of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is understudied.

METHODS:

We estimated the societal economic burden of EoE by using real-world data from Swedish health registers.

RESULTS:

Patients with EoE had 45% higher societal cost ($6,290 vs $4,349) compared with the general population, primarily driven by increased healthcare costs ($2,414 vs $1,022), which accounted for 72% of the excess societal cost in EoE.

DISCUSSION:

EoE is associated with a considerable economic burden to society. With the prevalence of EoE still rising, the economic burden of EoE is expected to continue to grow.
Formação profissional nos programas sociais PELC e PST no Brasil: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Silva Dirceu Santos , André Luana Carla , Salerno Marina Brasiliano
Published: May 2024

A pesquisa objetivou analisar a produção científica sobre as políticas públicas de esporte e lazer relacionadas à formação profissional de dois programas do Brasil: Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade (PELC) e Programa Segundo Tempo (PST). Como procedimento metodológico foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com abordagem qualitativa entre os anos de 2003 e 2022. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por 21 artigos, publicados entre 2012 e 2022. Os resultados apontaram que pesquisadores da região Sul e Sudeste impulsionaram as publicações sobre a formação profissional do PELC e do PST. As publicações de artigos foram concentradas nos periódicos do campo da Educação Física, Educação, Esporte e Lazer. A formação profissional corresponde a um elemento central para estruturação de programas sociais esportivos como forma de minimizar as lacunas da formação inicial, mas o formato de cursos esporádicos e distante da realidade dos profissionais foi o principal limitador.
TIC y discapacidad: un estudio sobre la formación del profesorado universitario
Authors: Fernández-Batanero José María , Montenegro-Rueda Marta
Published: May 2024

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