bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid SCA Inspired BBO for Feature Selection Problems
Authors: Sindhu R. , Ngadiran Ruzelita , Yacob Yasmin Mohd , Hanin Zahri Nik Adilah , Hariharan M. , Polat Kemal
Published: April 2019

Recent trend of research is to hybridize two and more metaheuristics algorithms to obtain superior solution in the field of optimization problems. This paper proposes a newly developed wrapper‐based feature selection method based on the hybridization of Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) for handling feature selection problems. The position update mechanism of SCA algorithm is introduced into the BBO algorithm to enhance the diversity among the habitats. In BBO, the mutation operator is got rid of and instead of it, a position update mechanism of SCA algorithm is applied after the migration operator, to enhance the global search ability of Basic BBO. This mechanism tends to produce the highly fit solutions in the upcoming iterations, which results in the improved diversity of habitats. The performance of this Improved BBO (IBBO) algorithm is investigated using fourteen benchmark datasets. Experimental results of IBBO are compared with eight other search algorithms. The results show that IBBO is able to outperform the other algorithms in majority of the datasets. Furthermore, the strength of IBBO is proved through various numerical experiments like statistical analysis, convergence curves, ranking methods, and test functions. The results of the simulation have revealed that IBBO has produced very competitive and promising results, compared to the other search algorithms.
Atypical Chemokine Receptor 1 (DARC/ACKR1) in Breast Tumors Is Associated with Survival, Circulating Chemokines, Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells, and African Ancestry
Authors: Jenkins Brittany D. , Martini Rachel N. , Hire Rupali , Brown Andrea , Bennett Briana , Brown I'nasia , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Egan Mary , Hodgson Jamie , Yates Clayton , Kittles Rick , Chitale Dhananjay , Ali Haythem , Nathanson David , Nikolinakos Petros , Newman Lisa , Monteil Michele , Davis Melissa B.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Tumor-specific immune response is an important aspect of disease prognosis and ultimately impacts treatment decisions for innovative immunotherapies. The atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1 or DARC) gene plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and harbors several single-nucleotide variants (SNV) that are specific to sub-Saharan African ancestry.

Methods:

Using computational The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, case–control clinical cohort Luminex assays, and CIBERSORT deconvolution, we identified distinct immune cell profile–associated DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression and race with increased macrophage subtypes and regulatory T cells in DARC/ACKR1-high tumors.

Results:

In this study, we report the clinical relevance of DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression in breast cancer, in the context of a tumor immune response that may be associated with sub-Saharan African ancestry. Briefly, we found that for infiltrating carcinomas, African Americans have a higher proportion of DARC/ACKR1-negative tumors compared with white Americans, and DARC/ACKR1 tumor expression is correlated with proinflammatory chemokines, CCL2/MCP-1 (P <0.0001) and anticorrelated with CXCL8/IL8 (P <0.0001). Sub-Saharan African-specific DARC/ACKR1 alleles likely drive these correlations. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in individuals with DARC/ACKR1-high tumors (P <1.0 × 10−16 and P <2.2 × 10−6, respectively) across all molecular tumor subtypes.

Conclusions:

DARC/AKCR1 regulates immune responses in tumors, and its expression is associated with sub-Saharan African-specific alleles. DARC/ACKR1-positive tumors will have a distinct immune response compared with DARC/AKCR1-negative tumors.

Impact:

This study has high relevance in cancer management, as we introduce a functional regulator of inflammatory chemokines that can determine an infiltrating tumor immune cell landscape that is distinct among patients of African ancestry.
Circulating Microparticles in Patients with Symptomatic Carotid Disease Are Related to Embolic Plaque Activity and Recent Cerebral Ischaemia
Authors: Kandiyil Neghal , MacSweeney Shane T. , Heptinstall Stan , May Jane , Fox Susan C. , Auer Dorothee P.
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose: In order to assess the association of microparticles derived from activated platelets (PMP) or endothelial cells (EMP) with risk markers for recurrent embolic events in patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease, we studied the associations between PMP/EMP and three risk markers: plaque haemorrhage (PH), micro-embolic signals and cerebral diffusion abnormalities. Methods: Patients with recently symptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis (60–99%, 42 patients, 31 men; mean age 75 ± 8 years) and 30 healthy volunteers (HV, 11 men; mean age 56 ± 12 years) were prospectively recruited. Patients were characterised by carotid magnetic resonance imaging (presence of PH [MRI PH]), brain diffusion MRI (cerebral ischaemia [DWI+]) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (micro-embolic signals [MES+]). PMP and EMP were classified by flow cytometry and expressed as log-transformed counts per microlitre. Results: MES+ patients (n = 18) had elevated PMP (MES+ 9.61 ± 0.57) compared to HV (8.80 ± 0.73; p < 0.0001) and to MES– patients (8.55 ± 0.85; p < 0.0001). Stroke patients had elevated PMP (9.49 ± 0.64) and EMP (6.13 ± 1.0) compared to non-stroke patients (PMP 8.81 ± 0.73, p = 0.026, EMP 5.52 ± 0.65, p = 0.011) and HV (PMP 8.80 ± 0.73, p = 0.007, and EMP 5.44 ± 0.47, p = 0.006). DWI+ patients (n = 16) showed elevated PMP (DWI+ 9.53 ± 0.64; vs. HV, p = 0.002) and EMP (DWI+ 5.91 ± 0.99 vs. HV 5.44 ± 0.47; p = 0.037). Only PMP but not EMP were higher in DWI+ versus DWI– patients (8.67 ± 0.90; p = 0.002). No association was found between PMP and EMP with MRI PH. Conclusions: PMP and EMP were associated with stroke and recent cerebrovascular events (DWI+) but only PMP were also associated with ongoing (MES+) thrombo-embolic activity suggesting a differential biomarker potential for EMP to index cerebral ischaemia while PMP may predict on-going thrombo-embolic activity.
Laser Ablation of a Nonlesional Cingulate Gyrus Epileptogenic Zone Using Robotic-Assisted Stereotactic EEG Localization: A Case Report
Authors: Upadhyayula Pavan S. , Rennert Robert C. , Hoshide Reid , Sattar Shifteh , Gonda David D.
Published: April 2019

Background: Nonlesional cingulate gyrus epilepsy is rare, difficult to diagnose, and challenging to treat. Methods: We report the use of ROSA (Medtech Surgical, Inc., New York, NY, USA) robotic assistance for stereotactic EEG (S-EEG) localization and therapeutic thermal laser ablation of a nonlesional cingulate gyrus epileptogenic zone in a 17-year-old female with intractable partial epilepsy. Results: After an inconclusive exhaustive initial workup, robotic-assisted S-EEG localized the patient’s seizure focus to the right cingulate gyrus. Robotic-assisted lesioning of the cingulate gyrus was performed via 5 total ablations with 3 minimally invasive catheters. There were no perioperative complications. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 2 at her neurologic baseline. She was seizure free for 8 months postoperatively, with a sustained partial response through the 23-month follow-up. Conclusions: This report expands the technical uses, pathologies, and patient populations being treated via robotic-assisted neurosurgery.
Pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Mini-Review
Authors: Madersbacher Stephan , Sampson Natalie , Culig Zoran
Published: April 2019

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) belong to the most frequent diseases in ageing men. Beyond the 6th decade of life, more than 30% of men suffer from moderate to severe LUTS requiring intervention. The pathophysiology of BPH/BPE is still incompletely understood. The dominant role of the androgen system and the androgen receptor is well defined. Androgen receptors are expressed in BPH tissue in which they are activated by the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone. Synthesis of dihydrotestosterone is under control of the 5α-reductase enzyme, activity of which is antagonized by finasteride and dutasteride. More recently, the impact of prostatic inflammation and metabolic parameters particularly for the development of BPE and LUTS has increasingly been recognized. A better understanding of the pathophysiology is a prerequisite for the development of novel, more effective medical treatment options.
Duration and Magnitude of Postoperative Risk of Venous Thromboembolism after Cholecystectomy: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Henry Mei-Ling , Abdul-Sultan Alyshah , Walker Alex J. , West Joe , Humes David J.
Published: April 2019

Background: This study aimed to identify the burden and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with cholecystectomy in England. Methods: An historical cohort study of cholecystectomy patients from 2001 to 2011 was undertaken using linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data. Crude rates and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for risk of VTE following cholecystectomy using Cox regression. Results: 24,677 patients were identified with a rate of VTE in the first year following cholecystectomy of 2.80 per 1,000 person years (95% CI 2.18–3.59). Patients aged ≥70 vs. aged < 50 had 8.3-fold increase in risk of VTE (HR 8.27, 95% CI 3.72–18.35); patients with body mass index (BMI) > 30 vs. BMI < 30 had 2.4-fold increase in risk (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.40–4.18); open vs. laparoscopic operation had 3-fold increase in risk (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.55–5.55). Compared to general population, VTE risk was the highest in the first 30 days post-operatively with 9.9-fold risk following emergency cholecystectomy and 4.5-fold risk after inpatient cholecystectomy (HR 9.90, 95% CI 4.42–22.21; HR 4.54, 95% CI 2.85–7.21). Conclusions: Cholecystectomy is associated with a low absolute risk of VTE and we have identified high risk groups including the elderly, obese and those having open surgery.
Inhibition of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin May Augment the Increase in Soluble Klotho Levels in Renal Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Mizusaki Kosuke , Hasuike Yukiko , Kimura Tomoko , Nagasawa Yasuyuki , Kuragano Takahiro , Yamada Yusuke , Nojima Michio , Yamamoto Shingo , Nakanishi Takeshi , Ishihara Masaharu
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: α-Klotho is mainly expressed in the kidneys, and its soluble form can prevent vascular calcifications. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) upregulates Klotho. We assessed serial changes in the levels of soluble Klotho (sKlotho) in recipients before and after renal transplantation and investigated the effects of an mTOR inhibitor. Methods: Serum sKlotho levels were measured in 36 recipients before and 1 year after transplantation and compared between those taking everolimus and those not taking everolimus. Results: sKlotho levels were higher after transplantation than before transplantation (369.3 vs. 211.8 pg/mL). After transplantation, sKlotho levels were significantly higher in recipients taking everolimus than in those not taking everolimus (536.7 vs. 332.4 pg/mL). Conclusion: Our results suggest that mTOR inhibition may augment the increase in sKlotho levels in transplant recipients. Further studies are needed to examine whether mTOR inhibitors suppress the development of vascular complications via upregulation of Klotho expression in renal transplant recipients.
Prevalence and Severity of Itching in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: Treatment with Nalfurafine Hydrochloride
Authors: Nakamoto Hidetomo , Kobayashi Takehito , Noguchi Toru , Kusano Takeru , Ashitani Keigo , Imaeda Hiroyuki , Maezono Michiko
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: In this study, we investigated the severity and frequency of uremic pruritus and itch-associated insomnia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This questionnaire-based study included outpatients with ESRD or CKD who were attending Tokorozawa Renal Clinic in Saitama Prefecture or Musashi Ranzan Hospital and were stable on treatment. The questionnaire was completed by patients on hemodialysis (HD) before a dialysis session and by patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) or conservative treatment at the time of an outpatient hospital visit. Results: Itching was reported by 61.6% of patients on HD, 61.5% on PD, and 43.2% on conservative CKD management. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity or frequency of itch according to whether patients were on HD for ESRD, PD for ESRD, or receiving conservative treatment for CKD. However, insomnia was significantly more common in the PD group than in the HD and conservative CKD groups. Conclusion: Better skin management is needed for itch in patients with ESRD or CKD. Moisturizing and lifestyle factors are important. Topical or oral medications may also be used. Nalfurafine, a κ receptor agonist, is now available in Japan for the treatment of uremic pruritus in these patients.
Aortic Arch Calcification and Bone-Associated Molecules in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Tsukada Misao , Miwa Naoko , Hanafusa Norio , Tanaka Nobue , Tsuchiya Ken , Nitta Kosaku
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: Aortic arch calcification (AoAC) is a fatal complication in dialysis. AoAC progression-related molecules in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) remain unclear. Methods: AoAC was estimated using plain chest radiography scoring (AoACS) in 30 CAPD patients (age 49.3 ± 13.4 years). AoAC progression was defined as increased AoACS on follow-up chest X-ray at the end of the study (progressors). Fibroblast growth factor-23 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were measured. Results: Median follow-up was 38.5 months. Progressors were older, had shorter PD vintage, higher body mass index, and higher serum OPG levels (255.6 ± 109.2 pg/mL) than nonprogressors (183.4 ± 68.2 pg/mL; p = 0.0400). Progressors also showed higher pulse pressure (62.4 ± 20.0 mm Hg) and pulse wave velocity (1,909.9 ± 310.6 cm/s) than nonprogressors (48.5 ± 13.6 mm Hg; p = 0.0030 and 1,390.1 ± 252.8 cm/s; p = 0.0005, respectively). Conclusion: AoAC progression was associated with increased aortic stiffness. OPG may be associated with AoAC progression in CAPD.
Primary Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: Diagnosis Delay of 3 Years but Successful Management in Early Stage (II) by Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Begum Ferdous Ara , Rahman Md Arifur , Rabbi Hashim , Mostofa Golam , Chowdhury Qamruzzaman
Published: April 2019

In the digestive system, mesenchymal origin of tumors is quite rare; in general, they are recognized as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The incidence of GISTs is very low (2 in 100,000), while jejunal GISTs are extremely rare, accounting for 0.1–3% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Small intestinal GISTs are the second most common (25%) site in the GI tract, usually occurring in the duodenum. We present the case of a 62-year-old Bangladeshi female with a history of GI bleeding 3 years earlier; the cause of the bleeding had not been found despite extensive investigations. In the meantime, the patient had developed occasional abdominal pain and lumpy feelings in the right side of the abdomen without any GI bleeding. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out in view of a small intestinal mesenteric mass in a computed tomography scan. On midline incision there was a 6 × 6 cm mass in the antimesenteric border of the jejunum approximately 30 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure, which was resected followed by anastomosis. The presentation of GISTs ranges from asymptomatic to mild abdominal pain and mass (5–50%) and mechanical obstruction (5%) as well as hemorrhage – perforation having rarely been reported (0.8%) – making the diagnosis difficult. Exophytic growth of these tumors has been noted in 18–30% of cases. In view of intermediate risk of malignancy, the patient was started with adjuvant imatinib 400 mg once daily due to probability of disease recurrence (24%).
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Allergic Endpoints in German Adolescents
Authors: Yang Bo-Yi , Markevych Iana , Harris Carla , Standl Marie , Schikowski Tamara , Koletzko Sibylle , Herberth Gunda , Bauer Carl-Peter , von Berg Andrea , Berdel Dietrich , Dong Guang-Hui , Heinrich Joachim
Published: April 2019

Background: Assessing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in relation to allergic endpoints can shed light on both the mechanisms of allergic disease development and early non-communicable disease prevention. However, only a few epidemiological studies so far have investigated the relationship in children and adolescents, and the results were mixed. Objectives: We sought to examine the interrelation between hs-CRP levels and allergic outcomes using a larger population size and a longitudinal study design. Methods: Complete data were available on 1,955 participants from the 15-years follow-up of the 2 large population-based German birth cohorts – GINIplus and LISA. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were measured using the immunoturbidimetric high-sensitive assay. Six allergic endpoints were used – doctor-diagnosed asthma, doctor-diagnosed eczema, doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis, food sensitization, aeroallergen sensitization, and any sensitization. We used generalized estimation equation models to assess the associations between hs-CRP levels and allergic endpoints. Results: Our longitudinal analyses did not detect any significant association between hs-CRP levels and any of the studied allergic outcomes (e.g., asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis, food sensitization, aeroallergen sensitization, and any sensitization). The results were consistent in a series of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Our study suggests that there is no association between hs-CRP levels and any of the allergic endpoints in German adolescents. However, whether allergic diseases are inflammatory conditions and which markers might be most sensitive, remain to be confirmed in future studies.
Identification and Clinical Implications of a Novel MYO15A Variant in a Consanguineous Iranian Family by Targeted Exome Sequencing
Authors: Zarepour Narges , Koohiyan Mahbobeh , Taghipour-Sheshdeh Afsaneh , Nemati-Zargaran Fatemeh , Saki Nader , Mohammadi-Asl Javad , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori Morteza 
Published: April 2019

Background and Objectives: Hereditary hearing loss (HL) is known by a very high genetic heterogeneity, which makes a molecular diagnosis problematic. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a new strategy that can overcome this problem. Method: A comprehensive family history was obtained, and clinical evaluations and pedigree analysis were performed in the family with 3 affected members. After excluding mutations in the GJB2 and 7 other most common autosomal recessive nonsyndromic HL genes via Sanger sequencing and genetic linkage analysis in the family, we applied the Otogenetics deafness NGS panel in the proband of this family. Results: NGS results showed a novel rare variant (c.7720C>T) in the MYO15A gene. This nonsense variant in the exon 40 of the MYO15A gene fulfills the criteria of being categorized as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guideline. Conclusions: New DNA sequencing technologies could lead to identification of the disease causing variants in highly heterogeneous disorders such as HL.
Involvement of STAT3 Signaling in High Glucose-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Line HMrSV5
Authors: Zhang Pei , Dai Hong , Peng Lei
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a common complication in patients receiving long-term peritoneal dialysis, which results in damage to peritoneal functions. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in the early pathogenesis of PF. Increasing evidence has shown that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in EMT and tissue fibrosis by interacting with distinct EMT-inducing molecules, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study investigated the involvement of STAT3 in the PF process. Methods: We used high glucose-treated human peritoneal mesothelial cell line HMrSV5 as an in vitro model to expose the peritoneal mesothelial cells to high-glucose dialysate. Expression of EMT markers was detected by qRT-PCR. Accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO) and AGEs in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylation of STAT3 was assessed by Western blot. Results: Results showed that high glucose upregulated TGF-β, increased the productions of MGO and AGEs, and induced EMT in HMrSV5 cells. High glucose also activated the STAT3 pathway. STAT3 inhibitor reduced the high glucose-induced EMT, via reducing TGF-β expression and repressing the accumulation of MGO and AGEs. Conclusion: Our results revealed a critical role for STAT3 signaling in high glucose-induced EMT in HMrSV5 cells, and suggested that inhibition of STAT3 might be a treatment for high glucose-induced fibrogenesis in PF.
A Dose-Escalating Pilot Study (NCT03017404) of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide, Followed by Docetaxel Administration as a Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regimen in Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Meng , Song Zhenchuan , Qi Yixin , Wang Xinle , Zhang Lina , Shi Jiajie , Wang Mingxia
Published: April 2019

Background: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PEG-LD) has a comparable efficacy but a distinct toxicological profile compared with free doxorubicin. The use of PEG-LD and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel regimen as neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not been well established. Objectives: We aimed to assess the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of this regimen in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Methods: A total of 19 patients were enrolled in this trial. In the initial treatment plan, patients were given PEG-LD at 35, 40, 45, or 50 mg/m2 on day 1 during the first four cycles, and cyclophosphamide was administered at a dose of 600 mg/m2. During the last four cycles, docetaxel was administered at 75 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day scheme. Results: The MTD was 40 mg/m2 PEG-LD and 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide administered on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Dose-limiting toxicity, grade 3 hand-foot syndrome, was observed in one patient during level 2 and three patients during level 3. Other side effects included neutropenia, anemia, stomatitis, rash, nausea/vomiting, alopecia, transaminase elevation, and cardiotoxicity. The pathological complete response rate was 21.1%. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that combination of 40 mg/m2 PEG-LD and 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, followed by 75 mg/m2 docetaxel on day 1 of a 21-day scheme, was an efficacious and well-tolerated neoadjuvant regimen for patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
Comprehensive Molecular Analysis of Serologically D-Negative and Weak/Partial D Phenotype in Thai Blood Donors
Authors: Thongbut Jairak , Raud Loann , Férec Claude , Promwong Charuporn , Nuchnoi Pornlada , Fichou Yann
Published: April 2019

Background: Molecular genetics of the Rh system has been extensively studied in Caucasians, Black Africans, East Asians, and Indians more recently. In this work, we sought to investigate the molecular basis of variant D expression in the Thai population, which remains unknown. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 450 Thai donors showing the variant D phenotype were collected. The RHD gene was analyzed by quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction of short fluorescent fragments and/or Sanger sequencing. Results: The most frequent alleles in 200 D-negative and 121 DEL samples were the whole RHD gene deletion and the Asian DEL alleles, respectively. In 129 weak/partial D samples, 36 variant alleles were identified, including eight novel alleles. RHD*06.03, which is common in variant D samples from South China, is the most prevalent variant allele, followed by the recently reported Indian RHD*01W.150 allele. Discussion: For the first time, a comprehensive overview of the nature and distribution of variant RHD alleles in Thailand is reported. It is a milestone to pave the way towards improvement of the current screening strategy to identify DEL donors accurately. The next step will be the design and implementation of a simple molecular test for screening the most frequent alleles, specifically in this population.
Role of Cytomorphology in the Era of Liquid Biopsy
Authors: Clery Eduardo , Pisapia Pasquale , Vigliar Elena , Malapelle Umberto , Bellevicine Claudio , Troncone Giancarlo , Schmitt Fernando C.
Published: April 2019

In the late stages of non-small cell lung cancer, the detection of sensitizing mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is mandatory to select patients’ treatment with first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In patients showing progressive disease, the assessment of the EGFR exon 20 resistance point mutation p.T790M is required for third-generation TKI administration. However, molecular analysis does not capture all the different mechanisms of resistance against these molecules. A variety of morphological changes associated with acquired resistance have also been described. Since an altered morphology may be the only clue to acquired resistance, cytopathology still plays a relevant role in this setting. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the relevance of squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma transitions from adenocarcinoma resistant to TKIs.
Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Factors of Aggressiveness in Lactotroph Tumours
Authors: Trouillas Jacqueline , Delgrange Etienne , Wierinckx Anne , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Burman Pia , Raverot Gerald
Published: April 2019

The behaviour of lactotroph tumours varies between benign tumours, those cured by treatment, and that of aggressive tumours, and carcinomas with metastasis. Identification of clinical, pathological and molecular factors is essential for the early identification of patients that may have such aggressive tumours. Plasma prolactin levels and tumour size and invasion, per se, are not prognostic factors. However, tumours appearing at a young age (<20 years), especially in boys, and the presence of genetic predisposition have a poorer prognosis. In addition, lactotroph tumours in men differ from those in women, being larger, more often invasive, and resistant to dopamine agonists. They are also more often high-grade with a high risk of recurrence and malignancy. The expression of estrogen receptor α is lower than in women and is closely correlated to aggressiveness. Proliferation markers (Ki-67 expression: ≥3%, mitotic count n > 2) are correlated to invasion and proliferation, but, taken alone, their prognostic value is debatable. Based on a 5-tiered clinicopathological classification, and taking into account invasion and proliferation, a grade 2b (aggressive) lactotroph tumour has a 20× risk of progression compared to a grade 1a (benign) tumour. Moreover, lactotroph tumours are the second-most frequent aggressive and malignant tumour. Other factors, such as the expression of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and epidermal growth factor [EGF]), the genes regulating invasion, differentiation and proliferation, adhesion molecules (E-cadherin), matrix metalloproteinase 9, and chromosome abnormalities (chromosomes 11, 19, and 1), have also been correlated with aggressiveness. Currently, clinical signs, a prognostic classification, and molecular and genetic markers may all help the clinician in the early identification of aggressive lactotroph tumours and enable stratification of their management.
Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer: A Review of the Interest of Practicing a Physical Activity
Authors: Ginzac Angeline , Passildas Judith , Gadéa Emilie , Abrial Catherine , Molnar Ioana , Trésorier Romain , Duclos Martine , Thivat Emilie , Durando Xavier
Published: April 2019

Physical activity is known to prevent the occurrence of cancer and decrease the risk of breast cancer. At diagnosis of breast cancer, fewer than half of the patients reach the international recommendation for physical activity. However, breast cancer patients, and particularly HER2+ breast cancer patients, are exposed to treatment-induced cardiotoxicity because of a side effect of 2 molecules used in standard therapy to treat these tumors, i.e., anthracycline and trastuzumab. Cardiotoxicity can sometimes lead to discontinuation of the treatment and even to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Exercise is known to protect the cardiovascular system in the healthy population. Consequently, being physically active during treatment appears to be a way to prevent the negative impact of cancer treatment on the heart in this population. In particular, aerobic exercising could have a protective effect against treatment-induced cardiotoxicity. A supervised physical activity program seems to be the best way for breast cancer patients to be active during treatment. However, there is very little information, and in particular a lack of guidelines, on exercising available to patients. The interventional trials that have been conducted on this topic are very heterogeneous and no standard recommendations have been made available for cancer patients thus far. An effective physical activity program needs to take each patient’s barriers and motivations into account in order to encourage the practice of physical activity throughout treatment. To ensure the success of the program, it is essential to facilitate adherence and especially maintain motivation. Further studies are needed to determine what practice guidelines oncologists should give their patients.
Maintenance Haemodialysis in the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital in the Gambia
Authors: Sanyang Yusupha , Sambou Mamina
Published: April 2019

Maintenance haemodialysis is the most common form of renal replacement therapy treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of this, there is a general inadequacy for patients receiving this form of therapy due to lack of materials, human resources and funding from the governments. This form of treatment is relatively new in the Gambia compared to many West African countries, but there is also an enormous challenge on the part of the government to ensure that the citizens benefit from this form of therapy. Inadequate finances and human resources are making it difficult for the Gambia government to achieve this objective. It is therefore imperative for the state to invest more efforts on preventive strategies, which until today continue to remain inadequate.
Dyslipidaemia in Nigerian Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors
Authors: Jaja Tamunopriye Caleb , Yarhere Iroro E.
Published: April 2019

Background: Dyslipidaemia is prevalent in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and can worsen the presentation of chronic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of dyslipidaemia in children living with diabetes followed up at a paediatric endocrine clinic in southern Nigeria and to identify associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 22 children with diabetes followed up in a tertiary health care facility in southern Nigeria. Demographic data were retrieved from case files, and fasting lipid profile and HbA1c levels were determined for all subjects. Lipid abnormalities were defined based on the Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents. Results: Twenty-two subjects aged 7–18 years were studied (mean age: 14.94 ± 3.59 years). There were 12 (54.5%) females. Both genders were comparable regarding age (p = 0.95). Mean duration of diabetes was 3.37 ± 2.38 years. Prevalence of lipid abnormalities include: hypertriglyceridaemia (86.4%), hypercholesterolemia (22.7%), abnormal HDL-C (36.4%), high LDL-C (13.6%), and non-HDL-C (22.7%). Hypercholesterolaemia was significantly higher in females (p = 0.02), and prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia was higher in subjects ≥12 years (p = 0.019). There was no statistically significant difference in mean levels of various lipids between males and females. Six (27.3%) subjects had more than one lipid abnormality. There was no statistically significant association of lipid abnormalities with age, sex, weight category, and HbA1c level. Conclusion: The commonest lipid abnormality was hypertriglyceridaemia. About a quarter of the subjects had more than 1 lipid abnormality. Programs should therefore be targeted at improved control of glycemia and lipid levels to delay and prevent chronic complications.
Phylogenetic Systematics of the Family Pentacerotidae(Actinopterygii: Order Perciformes)
Authors: KIM SEONG-YONG
Published: April 2019

The osteologic and myologic characteristics of the family Pentacerotidae are described in detail. The family Pentaceroti-dae is a monophyletic group supported by 11 synapomorphies found in all family members. Of their synapomorphies, two(the second infraorbital and endopterygoid articulate with lateral ethmoid conditions) are considerably rare in percoidsand strongly support the monophyly of the family. A comparison of 44 transformation series among all species revealedfour equally parsimonious trees, and a strict consensus tree was adopted. On the basis of the inferred phylogenetic rela-tionships of the Pentacerotidae, this family was cladistically classified into two subfamilies and seven genera: Histiopter-inae (Histiopterus, Evistias, Zanclistius, Pentaceropsis, Paristiopterus, and Parazanclistius) and Pentacerotinae(Pentaceros). The center of origin of pentacerotids was inferred to be the Southern Australian region. I propose that the two families, Ostracoberycidae and Chaetodontidae, are closely related with Pentacerotidae.
Reef lobsters of the genus Enoplometopus A. Milne-Edwards, 1862 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nephropidea) from the KUMEJIMA 2009 Expedition in Okinawa, with the second record of the rare species E. chacei Kensley & Child, 1986
Authors: CHAN TIN-YAM , FUJITA YOSHIHISA
Published: April 2019

Two reef lobsters of the genus Enoplometopus A. Milne-Edwards, 1862, were collected during the KUMEJIMA 2009 Ex-pedition. The first is the very rare species Enoplometopus chacei Kensley & Child, 1986, which was previously knownonly from the male holotype collected in the Philippines. It is found that E. chacei has two colour forms: one form withthe body covered with red dots while the other form completely lacking red dots on the body. The second species collectedis E. voigtmanni Türkay, 1989, and represents the first recorded male of this species. Colour photographs are provided for the two species. The characters distinguishing E. chacei and E. voigtmanni from their closest congeners are discussed.
Raymunida Macpherson & Machordom, 2000 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Munididae) from the KUMEJIMA 2009 Expedition in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: OSAWA MASAYUKI
Published: April 2019

Two species of the munidid genus Raymunida Macpherson & Machordom, 2000, are reported from Kume Island, RyukyuIslands, southwestern Japan. Raymunida striata n. sp. appears closest to R. confundens Macpherson & Machordom, 2001,and R. dextralis Macpherson & Machordom, 2001, but is distinguished by the second and third abdominal somites eachwith an uninterrupted stria between two distinct transverse ridges on the dorsal surface, the merus of the third maxillipedwith a prominent distal spine on the extensor margin, and the mero-carpal articulation of the fourth pereopod reachingonly to the lateral end of the anterior cervical groove of the carapace. The occurrence of R. vittata Macpherson, 2009, inKume Island greatly extends its distribution range to the north hemisphere. Morphological variations of R. vittata are also discussed on the basis of the present specimens. An updated key to the species of Raymunida is provided.
The first zoeal stage morphology of Crossotonotus spinipes (De Man, 1888) and Pseudopalicus serripes (Alcock & Anderson, 1895), with implications for palicoid systematics (Crustacea: Brachyura: Palicoidea)
Authors: CLARK PAUL F. , FUJITA YOSHIHISA , BALL ALEXANDER D. , NG PETER K. L.
Published: April 2019

Traditionally, Crossotonotus spinipes (De Man, 1888) and Pseudopalicus serripes (Alcock & Anderson, 1895) were as-signed to the Crossotonotinae Moosa & Serène, 1981, and Palicinae Bouvier, 1898, respectively. However, Ng et al.(2008: 127) listed a number of major adult characters that suggested both subfamilies should be recognised as distinct fam-ilies within the Palicoidea Bouvier, 1898 (see also Castro 2010, 2011; Guinot et al. in prep.). Recently, ovigerous speci-mens of C. spinipes and P. serripes were collected from Okinawajima and Kumejima, central Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Thefirst zoeal stages of both species were hatched in the laboratory, dissected, examined, and the appendages illustrated anddescribed. Crossotonotus spinipes first stage zoeas were distinguished by three characters: the absence of lateral carapacespines (present in P. serripes), abdominal somite 4 with a pair of dorsolateral processes directed ventrally (absent in P.serripes) and the presence of a small lateral spine on the telson (absent in P. serripes). These distinguishing features appear to support the recent division of the Palicoidea into two families.
Scientific Results of the Kumejima Marine Biodiversity Expedition — KUMEJIMA 2009 — Editorial
Authors: NARUSE TOHRU , CHAN TIN-YAM , TAN HEOK HUI , AHYONG SHANE T. , REIMER JAMES DAVIS
Published: April 2019

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A new species of Neoferdina and three new records of sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) collected from Kumejima Island, southwestern Japan
Authors: KOGURE YOICHI , FUJITA YOSHIHISA
Published: April 2019

Sea stars were collected at depths ranging from 91 to 160 m around Kumejima Island situated in the middle of the RyukyuIslands chain in the Western Pacific. Sampling was carried out using a dredge or beam trawl in November 2009, as partof the KUMEJIMA 2009 Expedition. The specimens included an undescribed species of the genus Neoferdina, and threespecies that have never been reported in Japanese waters. Features that characterise this new species, Neoferdina longi-brachia, include: extremely long and narrow arms, no alternating arrangement of large and small superomarginal plates,body surface (except for the marginal plates) completely covered with granules, and an adambulacral armature with 3 furrow spines.
A new Obliquogobius Koumans, 1941 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Kumejima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: CHEN I-SHIUNG , JAAFAR ZEEHAN , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: April 2019

A new species of Obliquogobius was collected from the deep waters off Kumejima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new species may be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: second dorsal fin rays I/9; anal fin rays I/10; pectoral fin rays 21; longitudinal scale rows 22; transverse scale rows 7; gill opening wide, extending to vertical of rear margin of pupil; colouration in preservative: ground colour beige; no markings on body except for inverted-triangular grayish-black mark on head, the broad end originating below eye and the apex terminating at the posterior extent of the lower jaw, and dorsal third of caudal fin dusky with random small black spots on fin membrane and life colouration: vertical yellow band under eye; one wide longitudinal yellow band originating on the posterior end of the operculum coursing along mid-flank, terminating at posterior end of caudal fin, band increasingly wider, such that posterior half of body completely yellow and band tapering in width to cover only lower two-thirds of caudal fin region.
Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: CHAN BENNY K. K. , HAYASHI RYOTA
Published: April 2019

The present study reports on the epibiotic barnacles collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition. Six cirripedespecies from five genera within four families were identified: Oxynaspis celata Darwin, 1852, Euscalpellum c.f.squamosum Hiro, 1937, Poecilasma obliqua (Hoek, 1907) and Platylepas hexastylos (Fabricius, 1798), all ofwhich had been recorded previously from Japanese waters, and two new taxa, Calantica arcuata n. sp. andOxynaspis ryukyuensis n. sp. The hosts of the barnacles collected included antipatharian corals, gorgonian corals, a decapod crustacean and a sea turtle.
Hippolytidae and Barbouriidae (Decapoda: Caridea) collected during the Ryukyu “KUMEJIMA 2009” expedition
Authors: DE GRAVE SAMMY , CHAN TIN-YAM , FUJITA Y. , OKUNO JUNJI
Published: April 2019

The present report deals with caridean shrimps from the families Hippolytidae (7 species) and Barbouriidae (1 species)collected during the KUMEJIMA 2009 expedition in the Ryukyu Islands. The deep-water hippolytid Gelastreutescrosnieri Bruce, 1990 is recorded from Kumejima based on a single female specimen, representing a considerable rangeextension of this species from New Caledonia to Japan. The opportunity is also taken to record and illustrate the firstknown male specimen of G. crosnieri, collected during the SANTO 2006 expedition off West Mavéa Island, Vanuatu. Thecolour pattern of G. crosnieri is shown for the first time. The Kumejima and Vanuatu specimens present noticeabledifferences in both morphology and colouration, but appear to be conspecific based on comparison of the barcoding geneCOI sequences. The recently described Lysmata lipkei Okuno & Fielder, 2010 is recorded for the second time, however,not representing a significant range extension of this species. The other species reported are Saron marmoratus (Olivier,1811), Saron neglectus De Man, 1902, Thinora maldivensis (Borradaile, 1915), Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888), Tozeuma armatum Paul’son, 1875 (Hippolytidae), and Parhippolyte misticia (Clark, 1989) (Barbouriidae).
A new species and a new genus of Parabathynellidae (Crustacea, Syncarida) from South Korea
Authors: PARK JONG-GEUN , EUN YE
Published: April 2019

Arisubathynella gen. nov. is established for a new species, A. cheongmiensis sp. nov. from South Korea. An illustrated description is given. The new genus stands out in the family Parabathynellidae by six-segmented antennules, three-segmented antenna without medial seta on inner margin of third segment, absence of mandibulartooth of the ventral edge, bare proximal segment of maxilla, two-segmented exopods of thoracopods II-VII, and male thoracopod VIII with elongated external lobe. Arisubathynella gen. nov. is the fourth genus known from South Korea and foreshadows the great diversity of bathynellaceans in the Far East.
Editorial: Biodiversity of invertebrates in Korea
Authors: LEE WONCHOEL , KARANOVIC TOMISLAV
Published: April 2019

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Three new ameirid harpacticoids from Korea and first record of Proameira simplex (Crustacea: Copepoda: Ameiridae)
Authors: KARANOVIC TOMISLAV , CHO JOO-LAE
Published: April 2019

Ameiridae Monard, 1927 was previously known from Korea only after one endemic and four cosmopolitan species of the genus Nitokra Boeck, 1865, and a single widely distributed species of the genus Ameira Boeck, 1865, all from brackish enviroments. After a survey of 22 sampling sites and close to 3,500 harpacticoid specimens from various marine enviroments, we report on two new endemic species of Ameira, A. zahaae sp. nov. and A. kimchi sp. nov., from the West Sea and the South Sea respectively. They are both relatively closely related to the previously recorded cosmopolitan A. parvula (Claus, 1866), but show many novel morphological structures in the caudal rami shape and ornamentation. The identity of the cosmopolitan A. parvula in Korea is questioned, and an alternative hypothesis of a species-complex proposed. The fine ornamentation of body somites (especially the pores/sensilla pattern) is studied in detail, and proves to be a very useful new morphological tool in distinguishing closely related spacies in this genus. The genus Pseudameira Sars, 1911 is reported for the first time in Korea, after four females of P. mago sp. nov. from the South Sea. A single damaged female of Proameira cf. simplex (Norman & Scott, 1905) represents the first record of the genus Proameira Lang, 1944 in Korea, Asia, and anywhere in the Pacific. A key to Korean ameirids is also provided, and their apparent rarity in this part of the world noticed.
Additions and corrections
Authors: BLACKBURN DAVID C. , WAKE DAVID B.
Published: April 2019

Recently, we published an invited contribution to Zootaxa in which we summarized the classification of subfamilies, families, and orders of living amphibians (Blackburn & Wake 2011). Here we contribute minor corrections and additions.
A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) of the stepheni group with the redescription of A. baeobatrachus (Boistel and de Massary, 1999), and an amended definition of A. leopardus Ouboter and Jairam, 2012
Authors: FOUQUET ANTOINE , VACHER JEAN-PIERRE , COURTOIS ELODIE A. , DESCHAMPS CHLOÉ , OUBOTER PAUL , JAIRAM RAWIEN , GAUCHER PHILIPPE , DUBOIS ALAIN , KOK PHILIPPE J. R.
Published: April 2019

Anomaloglossus is a species-rich genus of frogs endemic to the Guiana Shield that still harbors several unnamed species. Within the A. stepheni species group (which includes four valid nominal species), A. baeobatrachus has an uncertain taxonomic status, notably because the holotype was an unvouchered specimen depicted in a popular journal. Another member of this group, A. leopardus, was only superficially described, lacking information on the sex of specimens in the type series and on advertisement call. Therefore, these two taxa need clarifications in order to allow the description of the extant undescribed species. In this paper, we redescribe A. baeobatrachus based on newly collected material from the species type locality and provide information about its reproductive ecology. We also provide an amended definition of A. leopardus using newly collected material from its type locality. These two species form a clade along with a third species from the Eastern Guiana Shield, which is also described herein. The reproductive biology of A. baeobatrachus and A. stepheni is very similar. Both species have endotrophic and nidicolous tadpoles, despite being distantly related, suggesting independent evolution of this breeding mode. The new species and A. leopardus, on the other hand, have exotrophic tadpoles.
The first species of Cotithene Voss (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) from Amazonian Brazil, with notes on its role as a pollinator of Evodianthus funifer (Poit.) Lindm. (Cyclanthaceae)
Authors: VALENTE ROBERTA M. , DA SILVA PAULO A. L. , DE MEDEIROS BRUNO A. S.
Published: April 2019

Cotithene gorayebi Valente, da Silva & de Medeiros, sp. nov. is the first species of Cotithene Voss, 1940 described from the Amazonian forest in Brazil. The new species differs from other described species of Cotithene by its integument color pattern dissimilar between sexes and by the procoxal cavities separated by only a narrow septum in both male and female. It furthers differs by the unique morphology of male and female genitalia. A previously published key and phylogenetic matrix to Cotithene species were each modified to include the new species. The historical trajectory of host associations (inflorescences of Cyclanthaceae) in Cotithene is reanalyzed with the inclusion of the host of the new species. Previously known species are believed to be non-pollinators of various Cyclanthaceae; however, field observations of adults of the new species on inflorescences in anthesis of Evodianthus funifer (Cyclanthaceae) strongly suggest that this may be the first species of Cotithene known to play a role as a pollinator of Cyclanthaceae.