bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN MOULAY YAACOUB, LEISHMANIASIS FOCUS IN THE CENTR OF MOROCCO
Authors: El Ouali Lalami Abdelhakim
Published: April 2017

Objective: In Morocco leishmaniasis represent entities of great clinical and epidemiological diversity and thus constitute a public health problem. The area of Moulay Yaâcoub, North central of Morocco. This study was conducted in all localities of the province of Moulay Yaâcoub to understand the epidemiology and spatial distribution of sandflies in this region. Nine among eleven localities of the province of Moulay Yaâcoub have never been studied and the phlebotomy fauna of the region remains unknown until now. Methods: Trapping was done using sticky traps once a month during the period of activity of sandfly from April to October. Results: A total of 3287 specimens of sandflies were collected. 8 species belonging to two genera Phlebotomus (94.3%) and Sergentomyia (5.7%). The study of sex ratio showed an advantage of males to females for all species. However, for the species S. falax, S. antennata, S. minuta we have not collected females. The highest sex ratio was determined for Ph. Perniciosus and lowest among S. dreyfussi. The results show a difference in the distribution of species between different localities. Conclusion: it was possible to distinguish two major entities; a dominant sub-genre Phlebotomus and Paraphlébotomus, responsible for the cutaneous form in the center and northwest of the province, and a sub-genre dominated Larroussius entity responsible for the visceral form the northeast of the province with a small entity in the south-eastern province. The results of this study will help undoubtedly health authorities to establish appropriate monitoring and anti-vectorial control measures.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA) SEED EXTRACT IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS AGAINST HYDROCHLORIC ACID – ETHANOL INDUCED ULCER MODEL
Authors: Ingale Anand M , Pinnelli Dr. Venkata Bharatkumar , Rajendran Dr. Vijaya
Published: April 2017

Background:Herbal products are finding increasing demand in the treatment of Peptic ulcer, on account of their better safety and efficacy.Objectives:To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Vitis Vinifera in Wistar albino rats.Methods:The ethanolic extract of Vitis Vinifera was investigated for its anti-ulcer activity in rats against HCl – Ethanol induced ulcer model. The antiulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing gastric volume, pH, free and total acidity; ulcer number and its inhibition, ulcer severity and ulcer index.Results:A significant antiulcer activity was observed. The grape seed 100mg/kg group showed significant [p < 0.05] reduction in ulcer number 30.00 ± 3.23 as compared to the control. The grape seed 200mg/kg showed significant [p < 0.05] reduction in ulcer number 27.33 ± 2.97, free acidity 20.00 ± 2.26, and gastric lesion18.00 ± 2.96 as compared to the control.Conclusion:This present study indicates that Vitis vinifera seed extract has potential anti ulcer activity in the model tested. Keywords: Vitis vinifera, Anti-ulcer, Ethanol, Free acidity, Total acidity
YALE OBSERVATION SCALE AS A PREDICTOR OF BACTEREMIA AND FINAL OUTCOME IN 3-36 MONTHS OLD FEBRILE CHILDREN ADMITTED IN TERTIARY HEALTH CENTRES: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Walia Shagun , M Haris M , Kumble Ali , Mahalingam Soundarya , Baliga B Shantharam , Nanjegowda Chetan Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of the study was to assess predictability of bacteremia in febrile children in the age group of 3-36 months by application ofYale observation scale (YOS) and to predict clinical course during hospital stay and final outcome by YOS.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, for a period of 2 years(September 2013-September, 2015) in 100 febrile children in the age group of 3-36 months with probable infectious etiology admitted in ward/PICU.Children with any non-infectious causes of fever (vaccination, autoimmune, and immunodeficiency disorder) were excluded from the study. Caseswere selected by simple random sampling. The primary study outcome was bacteremia based on positivity on blood culture and sensitivity sampledrawn at admission. Secondary outcomes are clinical course in the hospital, use of antibiotics, need for mechanical ventilation, hospital stay, andmortality.Results: 100 cases were included in the study out of which 18 cases were bacteremic with a mean YOS of 26 (non-bacteremic - 11), mean hospitalstay 19.5 days (non-bacteremic - 12 days). All 18 bacteremic children had YOS ≥20, but YOS ≥20 had 8 false positives cases. There was no significantinterobserver variability in YOS assessment (Cronbach’s alpha - 0.993 showing good correlation with intraclass correlation coefficient - 0.986).Higher YOS scores had good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and area under curve for prediction of bacteremia atYOS >20 (100%, 90.2%, 10.2, 0.00, and 0.970), need for mechanical ventilation at YOS >21 (100%, 91.7%, 12.04, 0.00, and 0.969), need for scaling upantibiotics at YOS >21 (70.4%, 94.4%, 12.5, 0.31, and 0.822), and mortality at YOS >21 (90.9%, 85.4%, 6.2, 0.106, 0.878).Conclusion: YOS is a good tool to rule out bacteremia and to prognosticate the clinical course at the first visit. This simple scale can be of value inmonitoring admitted patients for deteriorating clinical state and for assessing the need for referral to higher centers for further management.Keywords: Yale observation scale, Bacteremia, Febrile patients.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DRUG–DRUG INTERACTIONS AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AMONG STROKE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: P Kavitha Samy , Jith Athira , Kumar Chaithanya T , Joy Joffey Sara , R Sambath Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Our study attempts to get an insight into the drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among stroke patients fromthe Neurology Department in a private hospital.Methods: In a prospective study spanning 6 months (May to October 2015), we have analyzed the prescription data of 221 patients with bothischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Gender, age, social habits, length of stay, drug utilization pattern, DDIs reported from the database and clinicallyobserved, and ADRs of individual drugs were observed among the patients. Of 221 cases, 208 (94.11%) were ischemic, 12 (5.43%) were hemorrhagic,and 1 (0.45%) was transient ischemic attack.Results: A number of 140 patients were males and 80 were females. The mean age of the patients was between 41 and 70 years. In ischemic patients,357 major, 282 moderate, and 38 mild DDIs were reported using a specific database, while in hemorrhagic patients, 10 major, 7 moderate, and 1 mildinteraction were reported using a specific database. 18 DDIs were observed clinically and confirmed with evidence. 8 DDI-induced ADRs and 10 ADRscaused by individual drugs were observed in our study population. 18 DDIs were observed clinically and confirmed with evidence. 8 DDI-inducedADRs and 10 ADRs caused by individual drugs were observed in our study population.Conclusion: Drugs if wrongly prescribed may cause negative outcomes and pose significant challenge to health-care providers and may contribute tomorbidity and mortality. Clinical pharmacist can play an important role in identifying and resolving drug-related problems through pharmaceuticalcare practices.Keywords: Stroke, Drug–drug interactions, Adverse drug reactions, Clinical pharmacist.
STATISTICAL DATA ANALYSIS WHICH RESULT FROM THE BIO-DIAGNOSIS AND BIO-TREATMENT OF INJURED RATS WITH THE HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND HYPERGLYCEMIA DISEASES
Authors: Aly Abduallah Hanan Farouk , Abdalla Howaida I , Ali Sanaa A , Mamdooh Mohamed M , Alez Reda Abo , Abukrisha Mohammed T
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: This study in bioinformatics aims to investigate the potential effect of Ipomoea tricolor and Sophora tomentosa on liver function enzymesactivity, serum lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, and on blood glucose in high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (HC) and STZ-inducedhyperglycemia (HG) in rats.Methods: Blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, alanine aminotransferases and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Besides, lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), total lipid, and high-densitylipoprotein-cholesterol was investigated. Moreover, oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide, and nitric oxide as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant,glutathione (GSH) were also examined in different therapeutic groups.Results: A significant increase in blood glucose level, liver function enzyme activities, LDH, lipid profile and oxidative stress markers, while significantdecrease in LDH-C and GSH level in HC-HG induced rats compared to control one. A marked amelioration in all biochemical parameters underinvestigation on treatment of HC-HG rats with I. tricolor and S. tomentosa with different fluctuating percentages of improvement. Histopathologicalexamination of liver and pancreas was also performed and declared HC-HG showed congestion in portal vessels and sinusoids with mild centrilobularhepatocyte degeneration, marked hepatocyte ballooning and hydropic degeneration, while HC-HG treated rats with I. tricolor and S. tomentosa showednormal lobular hepatic architecture with mild sinusoidal dilatation and congestion. On the other hand, a histological organization of pancreas of HC-HGrats showing disarrangement changes in pancreatic blood vessels and interlobular duct as well as disordered in acini. The treatment of HC-HG rats withI. tricolor and S. tomentosa showed enhancement in Langerhans cells and restore of most pancreatic tissue in comparison with standard drugs.Conclusion: The statistical results showed that each extract ameliorated high blood glucose level liver injury, HC and oxidative stress indicatingrelieving of oxidative damage associated with the complexity of HG and HC. These results demonstrated that these two plants extracts may be acandidate intelligent antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective nutraceuticals which need further clinical investigation to beapplied effectively to reduce perturbation in HC associated diabetes.Keywords: Ipomoea tricolor, Sophora tomentosa, Lipid profile and liver function enzymes, Endothelial dysfunction markers, Statistics and imagerecognition, Histopathological analysis.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA VAHL.
Authors: Parveen Shahina , Shahzad Anwar , Upadhyay Anamica , Yadav Vikas
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The leaves of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. are employed for the treatment of several human diseases. Therefore, the present study wasundertaken to determine the phytocomponents present in the methanolic extract of the leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)Methods: The collected leaf samples were dried and extracted in methanol. Screening of the extract was done by GC-MS which is an importanttechnique for the separation and identification of different phytochemicals.Results: The methanolic extract of the leaves of C. angustifolia revealed the presence of 45 different phytochemicals. The prevailing compounds were1 butanol, 3 methyl acetate (area % 7.47), 6, 6-dideutero-nonen-1-Ol-3 (area % 10.45), pentadecanoic acid (area % 9.22), and squalene (area %12.30). Vitamin E (area % 3.85) has also been found in the leaf extract. Some of the compounds possess biological activities.Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that some of the identified phytochemicals could be responsible for the medicinal value orbiological activity of the plant leaves.Keywords: Senna, Leaf extract, Methanol, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Phytochemicals, Vitamin E.
LACTOBACILLUS-FERMENTED PLANT JUICE AS A POTENTIAL INGREDIENT IN COSMETICS: FORMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL MOUTHWASH
Authors: Sirilun Sasithorn , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Kumar Naphatsorn , Kesika Periyanaina , Peerajan Sartjin , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Oral care cosmetics are essential for all populations and are systematically used to treat oral problems. The chemicals free natural cosmeticsare the choice of many people. Thus, this study was aimed to formulate and to assess the natural mouthwash (MW) solution from LactobacillusfermentedThai medicinal plants juice.Methods: The selected (betel, green tea, clove, black galingale, mangosteen, and noni) plant juices were subjected to Lactobacillus plantarum mediatedfermentation. The fermented plant juices (FPJ) were formulated into MW solution with different concentrations of peppermint oil. MW formulationswere assessed for physical appearance, stability, and anti-microbial activities.Results: About 2% of peppermint oil in FPJ was found as organoleptically optimum. The pH and refractive indexes of the MWs were not affectedduring storage and stability assessments. All the FPJ-MWs formulations showed antimicrobial activity against Group A Staphylococcus, and other oralpathogens - Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, black galingale, mangosteen, and noni based MW formulasalso exhibited anti-candida activity. The MW made from fermented black galingale (Kaempferia parviflora) juice was the most potent antimicrobialformulation with excellent physical stability.Conclusion: The study concluded that fermented plant-herbal juices can be used as natural MW recipe with 2% of peppermint oil to improve theflavor and aroma. The formulations were stable, free of microbial contamination, and also exhibited antimicrobial activity. Further extended stabilitystudy and clinical trials are necessary to develop a commercial FPJ-based natural MW recipe.Keywords: Fermentation, Formulation, Lactobacillus, Mouthwash.
METABOLIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT AND MULTIPLE RENAL STONES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Shibulal Jyothi Sujatha , Dhandapani Chidambaram , Narayanasamy Kuppurajan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Renal stone disease has become an important clinical condition worldwide, and it results from a combination of several factors whichare biochemical, epidemiologic, and genetic in origin. Preventive measures are very important concerning stone disease and these measures greatlydepend on the type of stones. Performing a metabolic evaluation of stone patients to identify metabolic abnormality, if any, and treating the same helpsreduce the recurrence of stones. To identify and correct the metabolic risk factors of patients presenting with either recurrent, bilateral, or multiplestones and thereby reduce the recurrence of stones.Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study, including collection of essential data of 100 patients and analyzing them for any metabolicabnormality.Results: Out of the 100 patients, 73 were males and 27 were females. The frequency of stone formation was high in the age group 51-60, eventhough age is not a significant factor. Only 55 patients underwent metabolic evaluation, in which 23 patients (41.8%) had a metabolic abnormality.The common abnormality found in this geographical area was hyperuricosuria (29.1%) followed by hypercalciuria (7.3%). Hypercalciuria was notstatistically significant, but hyperuricosuria and acidic urine pH were significant factors that contribute to stone formation.Conclusion: Metabolic evaluation is a must for renal stone patients which greatly help reduce the risk of stone recurrence. Hyperuricemia wasobserved to be the major abnormality followed by hypercalciuria. Acidic urine pH and low urine volume were other significant risk factors.Keywords: Nephrolithiasis, Metabolic evaluation, Hyperuricosuria, Hypercalciuria.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ROPINIROLE AND PRAMIPEXOLE NOVEL DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF PARKINSONISM: AN IN VITRO APPROACH
Authors: Selva Preetha , Vengadassalapathy Srinivasan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the free radical scavenging activities of selective dopamine agonist namely ropiniroleand pramipexole.Methods: The antioxidant activity of ropinirole and pramipexole at various concentrations was done by 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) freeradical scavenging assay comparing it with ascorbic acid which was taken as standard.Results: The free radical scavenging property as measured by DPPH method showed that ropinirole and pramipexole have got a potent free radicalscavenging activity with that of ascorbic acid.Conclusion: Novel drugs such as pramipexole and ropinirole are promising molecules in the field of oxidative damage related neurodegenerativedisorders providing us an optimistic targeted approach toward neuroprotection.Keywords: Free radical scavenging, 1, 1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl assay, Anti-Parkinson’s, Dopamine agonist.
CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CANDIDA ISOLATES FROM ORAL CANDIDIASIS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADIOTHERAPY FOR HEAD AND NECK MALIGNANCY
Authors: Madiyal Mridula , Sharan Krishna , Bairy Indira , Yegneswaran Prakash Peralam , Vidyasagar Mamidipudi Srinivasa
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the clinico-microbiological profile of oral candidiasis in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients undergoingcurative radiotherapy (cRT).Methods: Patients undergoing cRT and developing oral candidiasis were enrolled. Clinical features such as pain and xerostomia were recorded.Candida isolates from lesions were speciated using CHROMagar (Himedia Inc.), and antifungal susceptibility was determined using microbrothdilution (MBD). Patients were followed up to study the clinical course of infection.Results: Of the 100 patients undergoing cRT, 79 developed oral candidiasis. Median duration to development of infection was 4 weeks (range:1-6.5 weeks). Mucositis was observed in 76 (96.2%) and xerostomia in 53 (67.1%) patients; 61 patients (77.2%) had symptoms attributable tocandidiasis. However, there was no correlation between severity of infection and mucositis (p=0.84) or xerostomia (p=0.51). Candida albicans was themost frequent (47 patients, 59.4%) isolate, followed by Candida tropicalis (23 patients; 29.1%). All isolates were sensitive to nystatin, but fluconazoleresistance/dose-dependent susceptibility was noted in 26 (32.9%) isolates. Both Candida krusei and two of four Candida glabrata isolate exhibitedfluconazole resistance. All patients received treatment for Candidiasis. On follow-up, 1 month after cRT, oral candidiasis resolved with gradualrecovery of mucositis in all patients.Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most common cause of oral Candidiasis in HNSCC cRT, and all isolates were susceptible to nystatin in-vitro.All lesions resolved with recovery from mucositis. In addition, as no patient developed systemic candidiasis, it appears that oral candidiasis thoughtroublesome is curable with treatment.Keywords: Radiation mucositis, CHROMagar, Microbroth dilution, Antifungal susceptibility.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE STREPTOMYCES FROM MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF MACHILIPATNAM, KRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
Authors: Saba Yasmeen , Muvva Vijayalakshmi , Munaganti Rajesh Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of the present study was to isolate, identify, and analyze the taxonomic characteristics of the potent actinobacterial strains VJSY-2and VJSY-3 isolated from mangrove soils of Gilakaladindi, Machilipatnam, Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh.Methods: Soil samples pretreated with calcium carbonate were used for isolation of potent actinobacterial strains. Identification of the strains wascarried out by studying the cultural, morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The phylogenetic study of the strains was carriedout by employing 16S r DNA sequence-based analysis. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using the molecular evolutionary genetic analysis softwareversion 6.Results: Based on the polyphasic taxonomic studies, the potent strains belong to Streptomyces genus. The bioactive metabolites produced by the strainswere active against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium), Gram-negative bacteria (Xanthomonascampestris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans).Conclusion: The results of the experiment showed that the crude ethyl acetate extract of the strains VJSY-2 and VJSY-3 showed significant antimicrobialpotential; hence, they can be used for isolation of compounds with pharmaceutical importance.Keywords: Mangrove Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, Bioactive metabolites.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COMBINATION BANANA PEEL (MUSA PARADISIACA) AND WATERMELON RIND (CITRULLUS VULGARIS) EXTRACT IN LOTION DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Alamsyah Natalia , Djamil Ratna , Rahmat Deni
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Test the antioxidant activity of banana peel extract, watermelon rind extract, and combinations, also in lotion dosage form.Methods: The antioxidant activity of each extract and their combinations were tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil method and formulated intoa lotion dosage forms. Evaluation of the lotion dosage forms, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and rheology, microbiology, acutedermal irritation test, as well as the antioxidant activity test.Results: Antioxidant activity test on the extract showed inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of banana peel is 64.03 part per million (ppm)and watermelon rind extract of 300.12 ppm. Combination of banana peel and watermelon rind extract with three different concentrations, IC50:IC50,inhibitory concentration at 75% (IC75):inhibitory concentration at 25% (IC25), IC25:IC75 resulted the best antioxidant activity is a combination of bananapeel, and watermelon rind extract IC75:IC25 with IC50 value of 177.56 ppm. The antioxidant activity test in lotion dosage form showed IC50 values oflotion base is 853.16 ppm, lotion banana peel extract is 472.50 ppm, lotion watermelon rind extract is 496.71 ppm, and the combination of bananapeel and watermelon rind extract are 300.04 ppm.Conclusion: Lotion dosage form formula that meets the requirements of quality, efficacy, and safety with the best antioxidant activity is lotion dosageform combination of banana peel and watermelon rind extract formula (IC75:IC25).Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Banana peel (Musa paradisiaca), Watermelon rind (Citrullus vulgaris), Combination of banana peel and watermelonrind extract, Lotion of antioxidant.
HYPOMETHYLATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN TESTICULAR TISSUE DUE TO ARSENIC EXPOSURE IN MICE
Authors: Anshu Aseem Kumar , Nath Akhileshwari , A Priyanka , Singh Chandan Kumar , Behera Sachidananda , Singh Jitendra Kumar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Among various environmental carcinogens, arsenic is highly sensitive and possesses potential to cause several diseases including cancer.Nevertheless, arsenic has not been observed to induce mutation directly but is involved in epigenetic changes. Hypomethylation of oncogenes andhypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes are reported to be associated with accumulation of arsenic. The present investigation demonstrates adirect correlation arsenic and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation.Methods: Swiss albino mice were grouped as control and arsenic treated for 12 weeks. Arsenic concentration in blood and testes was analyzed byatomic absorption spectrometer. Furthermore, DNA was extracted from the testes of mice by DNA purification kit and used for determining globalmethylation in mice genome with the help of MethylFlash Methylated DNA Quantification Kit.Results: Arsenic concentration in arsenic-treated mice was significantly higher than the control group in both blood and testes. Interestingly, arsenicconcentration in blood was recorded to be higher than testes in the arsenic-treated group with significance (p<0.0001). Moreover, a lower percentageof cytosine of mice genome was found to be methylated in arsenic-treated mice group than control group (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Greater concentration of arsenic in mice leads to hypomethylation of mice genome globally. Arsenic fosters deregulation of geneexpression by modifying methylation of CpG island of the promoter region. Epigenetic study is of prime importance in the field of oncology. Drugdevelopment for repressing alteration of DNA methylation is imperative for cancer treatment.Keywords: Arsenic, Cancer, Deoxyribonucleic acid, Methylation, Carcinogen.
PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL REGARDING THE CONCEPT OF INTEGRATION IN NURSING
Authors: Patil Neelam Dinkar , Mohite Vaishali Rajsingh , Gholap Manisha Christanand , Chendake Mahesh Bhupal
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess the perception of health-care personnel regarding the concept of integration in nursing, to assess the attitude of health-carepersonnel toward the concept of integration in nursing, and to determine the association of perception and attitude toward the concept of integrationin nursing with selected socio-demographic variables.Methods: Research approach adopted was descriptive survey approach. Population were 159 health-care personnel’s working at various hospitalsand institutions in Maharashtra. Purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected using structured rating scale, which consisted of3 sections. Section 1 comprising demographic data, Sections 2 and 3 consisted 10 questions to assess the perception and attitude of health-carepersonnel. Tool was developed pretesting and reliability of the rating scale was done.Results: Findings of the study showed that majority 118 (74.21%) of respondents had low perception, 41 (25.78%) had medium perception, andnone of respondents had high perception regarding the concept of integration. Classification of respondents based on the levels of attitude, the79 (49.68%) had unfavorable attitude, 75 (47.16%) had moderately favorable attitude, and 5 (3.14%) had favorable attitude.Conclusions: As the result shows that there is medium to low level of perception between the health-care personnel regarding the concept ofintegration and the attitude is also unfavorable, there is need to find out the barriers of integration in nursing profession.Keywords: Perception, Attitude, Integration, Health-care personnel.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIOCIN PRODUCING MICROBES USING BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOOLS AND ANALYSIS OF ITS BIOPRESERVATION POTENTIAL
Authors: Nandan Parmar Keshri , Nagar Anshita
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Food safety is a matter of utmost importance in developing countries as well as in developed countries, so keeping this in mind this researchwork deals with the identification and characterization of bacteriocin producing microbes by using biochemical and molecular characterization. This study has also covered the biopreservation potential of bacteriocin produced by these microbes against sapodilla, tomato and banana as well.Methods: For the purpose of sample collection and isolation, samples of milk, curd and gangajal water were taken and bacteriocin producing microbes were isolated by using serial dilution method. Screening of bacteriocin producing microbe was done by antibacterial sensitivity test using agar well diffusion method against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by determining their zone of inhibition. Biochemical characterization was done by using different tests, such as, catalase test, mannitol test, citrate test, gelatin test, maltose test, indole test, urease test, lactose test etc. Molecular characterization was done by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Preservative action of bacteriocinwas observed on fruits that comprise sapodilla, tomato and banana by spraying bacteriocin on them and analyzing their activities shows for at least10 days.Results: Microbes were found to be Enterococcus faecalis (Accession number KX011874) and Bacillus cereus (Accession number KX011875). Periodicobservatory studies reflect that using bacteriocin, banana can be preserved for nearly 6-7 days while sapodilla for 8-9 days and tomato for 9-10 days.Conclusion: From present study we would like to conclude that bacteriocins produced by microbes which is found in milk or curd can also be used asbiopreservatives for these defined fruits that is sapodilla, tomato and banana.Keywords: Bacteriocin, Biopreservation, 16S rRNA analysis.
PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR PLANT-BASED ANTI-OXIDANT DRUGS
Authors: Viswanathan Baskar , Tks Shabeer , Chida Afiya Razia , Stanly Deepa Mary
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: A pharmacokinetic study is a cumbersome process in clinical research. It is very important in target validation and in shifting a leadcompound into a drug. Our major objective was to reveal the most important physiochemical characters of the plant-based anti-oxidants in align withhuman physiology. The in silico studies can preferably be the best solution to identify the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) behavior ofthe anti-oxidants.Methods: Anti-oxidants are found in many foods including fruits and vegetables. Few of the important anti-oxidants, i.e. around 10 plant-based antioxidantcompounds were taken for this research. These compounds were evaluated based on their pharmacokinetic parameters. The properties suchas Lipinski’s rule of 5, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) of the compounds were screened thoroughly with thehelp of tools such as molinspiration and gastroplus.Results: The physiological studies of these compounds had shown different compartmental absorptions of the compound in the human gastrointestinaltract. Certain compounds were found to pass the physiological barriers and had the ability to become a drug. The compounds were filtered using therisk and toxicity factors. These risk factors caused the compounds to fail in the process of becoming a drug.Conclusion: The compounds which passed the PBPK studies were eligible to become a drug. Of the 10 compounds investigated, eugenol, gingerol,zingerone, and geraniol were found to have higher fraction of absorption to become a drug. Out of these compounds, the compounds gingerol andeugenol have shown the best factor of absorption, and hence, have a better probability of becoming a drug.Keywords: Anti-oxidants, Lipinski, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and toxicity, Physiological properties, GastroPlus, In silico.
THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS ON REMOVING BARRIERS TO TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Zolfaghari Mitra , Sookhak Fatemeh , Kashfi Seyyed Hannan , Sekavati Eghbalx , Tabrizi Reza
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Treatment adherence in chronic patients results in favorable treatment outcomes. Today, one of the main causes of mortality in hemodialysispatients is that of lack of treatment adherence. Identifying barriers to adherence to treatment is the first step to help these patients. The purpose ofthis study is to determine the effects of cognitive behavioral interventions on removing barriers to treatment adherence in hemodialysis patients.Methods: This clinical study was carried out in the hemodialysis wards of Imam Reza Hospital of Larand Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Lamerd. The sampleincluded 70 patients who were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention (n=35 for even days)and control (n=35 for odd days). Theintervention group received a six-step cognitive behavioral treatment. The level of barriers to treatment adherence was assessed using a self-reportquestionnaire in two stages (pre-intervention and post-intervention). Data were analyzed using SPSS via independent t-test.Results: Before the intervention, the two groups were not significantly different in terms of barriers to treatment adherence (p=0.68). However, afterthe treatment regimen, the barriers significantly decreased for the intervention group. There was a significant difference between the two groups interms of barriers to treatment adherence (p<0.001).Conclusion: Given the efficacy of cognitive behavioral intervention, it can be used to identify barriers to adherence and design individualizededucation programs based on barriers to adherence in hemodialysis patients to increase their treatment adherence.Keywords: Cognitive behavioral, Barriers to treatment adherence, Hemodialysis patients.
THE EFFECTS OF LEPTIN ADMINISTRATION ON RENAL FUNCTION IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Caszo Brinnell Annette , Muslim Azdayanti , Awang Zanariah , Omar Effat , Ibrahim Effendi , Singh Harbindarjeet
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Elevated levels of leptin may be responsible directly for progression and severity of renal disease in obesity and hypertension. It may exertits effects by promoting fibrosis through the actions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the Smad pathway. This study determines theeffect of leptin administration on the development of renal fibrosis in nonobese spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).Methods: Male SHRs, aged 12-14 weeks, were injected with either leptin (60 µg/kg/day) or saline (for the control group) subcutaneously daily for42 days. At the end of the experimental period, animals were euthanized and their kidneys were removed. The right kidney was harvested for thedetermination of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7). The left kidneyswere stored in neutral buffered 10% formalin until they were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Prepared slides were examinedunder light microscopy. 30 consecutive glomeruli were examined for the cell counts based on the number of nuclei seen and the total area of glomeruli.Results: No significant difference was evident in renal function between control and leptin-treated rats. Cellularity and area of glomeruli were also notdifferent between the two groups. mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and BMP7 were, however, higher in leptin-treated rats.Conclusion: It appears that 6 weeks of leptin administration increases renal TGF-β1 and Smad2 levels but with little morphological changes in thekidney. Whether the elevated BMP7 expression was responsible for lack of effect of leptin on renal morphological changes remains unclear.Keywords: Leptin, Renal function, Hypertension, Glomerulus, Transforming growth factor-β1, Smad, Spontaneously hypertensive rats.
A REVIEW: THIAZINES DERIVATIVES TREATED AS POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: Sharma Praveen Kumar , Makkar Reena
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn recent days, heterocycles and their derivatives have become strong reflection in medicinal research and pharmaceutical fields because of theirpractical pharmacological and biological activities. Organic compounds; mainly heterocyclic compounds are wealthy in natural world and containextra value because their structural subunits are established in many natural products such as enzymes, vitamins, antibiotics, acids, and hormones.Thiazine nucleuses found in compounds have variety of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,and anti-inflammatory. This review spotlight on the substituted thiazines with possible antimicrobial activities that are at the present in development.Keywords: Antibacterial, Substituted thiazines, Antimicrobial agents.
RHODOMYRTUS TOMENTOSA: A PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: Abd Hamid Hazrulrizawati , Sileshi Zeyohannes Roziasyahira M Senait , Yusoff Mashitah M
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTRhodomyrtus tomentosa is a common wood, prevalent in areas with undemanding soil conditions and resistant toward pests and diseases. The plantcan be found in China, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Literature and artwork indicate that R. tomentosa played an importantholistic role in the daily lives of several ancient cultures, providing medicinal benefits. R. tomentosa exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacologicaleffects and has been used to treat colic diarrhea, wounds, heartburn, abscesses, gynecopathy, and as a pain killer. R. tomentosa was used in traditionalChinese medicine to treat urinary tract infection. 42 compounds have been isolated from this plant and structurally elucidated. They comprisephloroglucinol, flavonoid, terpenoid, anthracene glycoside, tannin, and other compounds. Rhodomyrtone, a member of the acylphloroglucinolsdemonstrated a significant activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. Rhodomyrtone exhibited both antimicrobial and anti-infectiveactivities. Several biological activities have been documented as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, osteogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory.R. tomentosa has been studied extensively for alternative antimicrobial agents. Although rhodomyrtone exhibited potential activity with a very lowminimum inhibitory concentration value, the mechanisms of action of this compound are still unclear. Furthermore, toxicity studies on it extract tovalidate pharmacological activities are required.Keywords: Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Kemunting, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, Biological activities, Chemical constituents.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON IMPACT OF PATIENT COUNSELLING ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: Sukumaran Sathesh Kumar , P Ayswarya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the impact of patient counseling on medication adherence and quality of life (QOL) in epileptic patients and to assess the factorsaffecting medication adherence.Methods: This study is a prospective observational study involving 100 patients with an age limit of 8-60 years and those taking Antiepilepticdrugs for at least 3 months. The study population received patient counseling during their first visit. The impact of patient counseling on QOL andmedication adherence was assessed using self-reported questionnaire QOLIE-31 and MMAS-8 between the first visit and the second visit. Statisticalanalysis (Paired t-test and Paired Chi-square test) was performed to analyze the impact of patient counseling on QOL and medication adherence inepileptic patients.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. After providing patient counseling, it was observed that there was a statistically significant(p<0.05) improvement in all domains of QOLIE-31 and MMAS-8 scores. Before counseling, mean overall T-score of QOLIE-31 was 44.08±2.07whichwas changed to 49.14±1.27 after patient counseling with a mean change of 5.06 in overall T-score. In the case of medication adherence, beforecounseling 77% subjects were nonadherent to therapy, after counseling it was reduced to 41%. The common reasons for medication adherence wereforgetfulness, unawareness, therapy related, and economics related. Out of which forgetfulness along with unawareness was the major one.Conclusion: The study described that patient counseling plays a major role in improving QOL and medication adherence.Keywords: QOLIE-31, MMAS-8, Epilepsy, Antiepileptic drugs, Patient counseling.
THE EFFECT OF HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS ON THE MORPHINE-INDUCED ANTINOCICEPTION IN THE ACUTE TRIGEMINAL MODEL OF NOCICEPTION IN RATS
Authors: Khalilzadeh Emad , Azarpey Farzin , Hazrati Reza
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In this study, the effect of different classes of histamine H receptor antagonists (chlorpheniramine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine), µopioid receptor agonist (morphine), and opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone) in separate and combined treatments were investigated on the acutetrigeminal model of pain in rats.1Methods: Eye wiping test used for induction of acute trigeminal pain by putting a drop of NaCl, 5 M solution (40 µl) on the corneal surface of the eye,and the number of eye wipes counted during the first 30 seconds.Results: Intraperitoneal injection of both chlorpheniramine and cetirizine at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly inhibited the acute trigeminal pain.However, fexofenadine did not change corneal pain response. Morphine at doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg reduced eye wipe responses. Administrationof both chlorpheniramine and cetirizine but not fexofenadine before morphine-enhanced morphine analgesic activity, also pretreatment of animalswith naloxone inhibited morphine, chlorpheniramine, and cetirizine-induced analgesia in the acute corneal pain.Conclusion: Our results showed that chlorpheniramine as a histamine H antagonist that efficiently Penetrates blood-brain barrier (BBB) andcetirizine with less penetration of BBB but not fexofenadine (an H11 receptor antagonist with a negligible brain-accessibility) could induce analgesiain the acute corneal pain via opioidergic mechanism. Coadministration of morphine with chlorpheniramine or cetirizine could enhance its analgesicactivity in the acute trigeminal model of pain in rats.Keywords: Trigeminal pain, Morphine, Histamine H1 receptor antagonists, Naloxone, Rats.
GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3 BETA PROTEIN INHIBITION BY SELECTED PHYTOCOMPOUNDS IN SILICO
Authors: Varadharaj Vanitha , Kandakatl Naresh
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: Bioactive phytocompounds are a rich source of chemopreventive substance. In the present investigation, docking study was performedfor the selected bioactive phytocompounds such as oleanolic acid, ecdysterone, betaine, stigmasterol acetate, and cinnamic acid to evaluate theiraffinity to glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) protein, a wound-healing biomarker. 2-chloro-5-[4-(3-chloro-phenyl)-2, 5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1hpyrrol-3-ylamino]-benzoicacid wasused as an inhibitorforGSK-3βwith minimum binding energy(−31.5 kcal/mol).Methods: Molecular docking study was conducted using AutoDock 4.2 version and the visualization result using Discover Studio 4.5.Results: The docking analysis ranked the selected phytocompounds that have high theoretical scores to bind to the proteins. The binding mode of thephytocompounds that bound to all the target proteins with high affinity was studied. The simulation demonstrated that the protein-ligand complexstabilized by multiple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) was preferentially formed at the catalytic site. The results highlighted in this study reveals thatamong the selected lead phytocompounds that docked into the active site of GSK-3β, ecdysterone showed acceptable 6 H-bond interactions withresidues LYS85, TYR134, ARG141, GLN185, ASP200, PRO136 when compared to the reference compound with 5 H-bond interactions.Conclusion: Thus, based on the docking score ecdysterone could be considered as a novel compounds that can be used for experimental studies forthe inhibition of GSK-3β kinase. These results can be helpful for further design of novel GSK-3β inhibitors.Keywords: Phytocompounds, Molecular docking, Simulation, Receptor, Ligand, Inhibition.
ETIOLOGY FOR LIVER DISEASES IN PEDIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Karakkattu Jismy , Pr Roshni
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The liver diseases affect both the pediatric and adult populations. In the adult population, the stereotype diagnosis in the Indian populationis targeted toward males due to excessive alcoholic consumption. Nevertheless, the liver diseases can also affect both the female and pediatricpopulations. Pediatric liver diseases include cirrhosis, fatty liver diseases, and hepatic failure. The liver diseases are commonly caused by biliaryatresia and genetic metabolic diseases. In children, the signs and symptoms of liver diseases are dependent on the principal reason of the liver disease.This review article is to cover all the etiologies that have been identified to cause liver diseases with a special focus on pediatric acute liver failure.Methods: An extensive PubMed search was conducted and articles that were published after 2007 were included in this article.Results: The pediatric population etiology of liver diseases can be broadly categorized into infections, immunologic, metabolic, toxin or drug related,indeterminate, and diseases resulting in liver cirrhosis. Complications of pediatric liver diseases include malnutrition, infection, gastroesophagealvarices, and hepatic encephalopathy.Conclusion: Overall, the etiology for liver diseases in the pediatric population is many. Early identification of these factors can improve the qualityof life of the pediatric patient. With the correct diagnostic parameters and treatment certain conditions can be completely cured. As for those whoseeffective treatment is still lacking it is essential to continue the ongoing research until the missing pieces have been identified.Keywords: Pediatric population, Liver diseases, Acute liver failure, Etiology, Pediatric acute liver failure.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CURANGA FEL-TERRAE (PUGUN TANO) LEAVES ON ACETYLCHOLINE MUSCARINIC-3 RECEPTORS INDUCED ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG TRACHEAL
Authors: Husori Dadang Irfan , . Urip Harahap , . Marianne , . Sri Yuliasmi , Patilaya Popi , Laila Lia , Prasetyo Bayu Eko , Wahyuni Henny Sri , Sumantri Imam Bagus
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Curanga fel-terrae leaves (EECFL) against acetylcholine(ACh)-induced contraction of the ACh-muscarinic-3 receptor.Materials and Methods: The study of the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract on the contraction by ACh concentration series (10 M) wasconducted in vitro using isolated guinea pig tracheal organ in the Krebs solution.Results: Early incubation of tracheal organ with EECFL (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) before contracted by the series of ACh concentration produces thedecrease of ACh contraction. The concentration series of ACh sigmoid curve rightward shift without decreasing the maximal contraction. The resultsof double-reciprocal plot of ACh shows the mean value of the 1/y-intercept of each extract was not different with the control.Conclusion: The EECFL showed competitive antagonist effect on ACh-muscarinic-3 receptors.Keywords: Curanga fel-terrae, Pugun tano, Acetylcholine-muscarinic-3 receptors, Competitive antagonist, Ethanolic extract.−8-10−3
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES 2 AND 9 IN AVOCATION OF MULTITUDINAL COMPLICATIONS IN EXPLICITLY TO CARCINOMA: REVIEW
Authors: Robertson Stellaa , Rajan Asha K , A Maheshwaran , B Senthilnathan , Anuroopa Sagali Phani Venkata Satya Sai
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large group of calcium-dependent zinc containing endopeptidases which are mainly concerned with theremodeling of tissue along with degradation of the extracellular matrix. At the present scenario, there is knowledge of about 26 MMPs which are foundto be highly regulated by the growth hormones, cytokines, etc., present within the body. At times of normal homeostasis, their levels within the bodyare low, and their number usually increases at times of pathological conditions. Its generation is known to occur from the pro-inflammatory cells andconnective tissues. They may even lead to the process of apoptosis by its interactions with surface receptors. In the clinical trials sectors, various MMPsalong with their inhibitors are examined to import the properties of being a high biomarker in the cancer diagnosis, antiangiogenic agents, variousother disorders such as chronic allograft nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, neuropathic pain, wound healing, angiogenesisprocesses, immune response, corneal ulceration, embryonic development, and nervous system disorders. As a result, enormous number of studies onthis particular enzyme in the marking of cancer and their elevation in the above-mentioned diseases has to be carried out so that it would remain asa useful tool in their diagnosis. The present work is designed to emphasize the concise review of MMPs, in particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9 along withtheir variant roles, keeping in mind, that it would be advantageous for the researchers to bring out more promising results and to intensify diagnosisof various infirmities, especially in cancer.Keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase-2, Matrix metalloproteinase-9, Biomarker, Matrix metalloproteinases, Carcinoma, Extracellular matrix,Malignancy, Gelatinases, Tumor.