bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eslicarbazepine‐induced hyponatremia: A retrospective single‐center real clinical practice study
Authors: Strýček Ondřej , Všianský Vít , Doležalová Irena , Kočvarová Jitka , Pail Martin , Brázdil Milan
Published: August 2023

Hyponatremia is a typical side effect of antiseizure drugs from the dibenzazepine family. The study investigated the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with epilepsy who were treated with eslicarbazepine. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia, reveal the factors leading to the discontinuation of treatment, and identify possible risk factors for the development of hyponatremia including the dose dependency. The medical records of 164 patients with epilepsy taking eslicarbazepine in our center were analyzed. The overall prevalence of hyponatremia was 30.5%. The prevalence of mild hyponatremia, seen in 14%–20% of patients, was not dose dependent. The prevalence of moderate and severe hyponatremia was significantly dose dependent. The severity of hyponatremia was significantly dose dependent. Severe hyponatremia was found in 6.1% of patients. Hyponatremia was asymptomatic in the majority of cases, and in 48% did not require any management. Hyponatremia was the reason for discontinuation in 6.2% of patients. The major risk factor for developing hyponatremia was older age. The study shows that eslicarbazepine‐induced hyponatremia is usually mild and asymptomatic. It usually does not require any management and seldom leads to treatment discontinuation. Hyponatremia is dose dependent. Another major risk for developing hyponatremia (besides dose) is older age.
System‐reliability‐based disaster resilience analysis for structures considering aleatory uncertainties in external loads
Authors: Yi Sang‐ri , Kim Taeyong
Published: August 2023

The concept of disaster resilience is getting more prominent in the era of climate change due to the increase in the intensities and uncertainties of disaster events. To effectively assess the holistic capacity of structural systems, a disaster resilience analysis framework has been developed from a system‐reliability‐based perspective. The framework evaluates resilience in terms of reliability, redundancy, and recoverability and provides quantitative indices of reliability and redundancy for structures with a resilience threshold. Although this framework enables the comprehensive evaluation of disaster resilience performance, practical applications of such concepts to the structures subjected to dynamic excitations with large aleatory uncertainty, such as earthquakes, remain challenging. This study develops a framework to assess the resilience performance of structures by taking into account the aleatory uncertainties in external forces. Along with the development of reliability and redundancy curves that can effectively accommodate such excitations, a new resilience threshold representation is proposed to incorporate recoverability in the decision‐making process. Moreover, we provide efficient procedures for calculating the reliability and redundancy curves to alleviate the computational complexity during the resilience analysis. Two earthquake application examples are presented targeting a nine‐story building and a cable‐stayed bridge system to demonstrate the enhanced practical applicability of the proposed framework.
Laboratory Determination of Particulate-Matter–Bound Agrochemical Toxicity among Honeybees, Mason Bees, and Painted Lady Butterflies
Authors: Green Frank B. , Muñoz Sonia R. , Smith Philip N.
Published: August 2023

Pollinator population declines are global phenomena with severe consequences for native flora and agriculture. Many factors have contributed to pollinator declines including habitat loss, climate change, disease and parasitism, reductions in abundance and diversity of foraging resources, and agrochemical exposure. Particulate matter (PM) serves as a carrier of toxic agrochemicals, and pollinator mortality can occur following exposure to agrochemical-contaminated PM. Therefore, laboratory-controlled experiments were conducted to evaluate impacts of individual PM-bound agrochemicals. Honeybees (Apis mellifera), blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria), and painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) larvae were exposed to bifenthrin, permethrin, clothianidin, imidacloprid, abamectin, and ivermectin via suspended, airborne PM. Agrochemical concentrations in PM to which pollinators were exposed were based on concentrations observed in fugitive beef cattle feedyard PM including a “mean” treatment and a “max” treatment reflective of reported mean and maximum PM-bound agrochemical concentrations, respectively. In general, pollinators in the mean and max treatments experienced significantly higher mortality compared with controls. Honeybees were most sensitive to pyrethroids, mason bees were most sensitive to neonicotinoids, and painted lady butterfly larvae were most sensitive to macrocyclic lactones. Overall, pollinator mortality was quite low relative to established toxic effect levels derived from traditional pollinator contact toxicity tests. Furthermore, pollinator mortality resulting from exposure to individual agrochemicals via PM was less than that reported to occur at beef cattle feedyards, highlighting the importance of mixture toxicity to native and managed pollinator survival and conservation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2642–2650. © 2023 SETAC
Meta-Analysis Comparing Nominal and Measured Concentrations of Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Aquatic Toxicity Studies Across Various Experimental Conditions
Authors: Jarvis Amanda L. , Justice James R. , Schnitker Brian , Gallagher Kathryn
Published: August 2023

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are among the most frequently detected chemicals among the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environments. Because of their high detection frequency, persistence, and potential toxicity, interest in both PFOA and PFOS has increased in recent years. However, a substantial number of PFOA and PFOS toxicity tests only report nominal, or unmeasured, treatment concentrations, which may complicate the determination of protective values. In addition, previous literature has indicated that differences between nominal and measured concentrations of both PFOA and PFOS could be linked to experimental conditions (e.g., feeding regimes for test organisms, test vessel material [glass or plastic], use of solvent, and the presence of substrate). Therefore, this critical review examined whether nominal and measured concentrations were in close agreement with each other among the current PFOA and PFOS aquatic toxicity literature and if experimental conditions were associated with any observed differences. Nominal and measured concentrations in the current PFOA and PFOS aquatic toxicity literature generally displayed a high degree of linear correlation and relatively low median percent differences. Correlations between measured and nominal concentrations were >0.98 for PFOA and >0.95 for PFOS in freshwater tests across experimental conditions. For saltwater tests, correlations of >0.84 were observed for PFOA and PFOS (separate and combined) across experimental conditions. While measured PFOA and PFOS toxicity tests are generally preferred, the present meta-analysis demonstrated that experimental conditions had little influence on observed discrepancies between nominal and measured concentrations, with the exception of PFOS saltwater tests and PFOA and PFOS freshwater studies that contained substrate. Unmeasured tests with these conditions should be considered carefully based on project needs, with the caveat that the data sets for these two experimental conditions were limited. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2289–2301. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Aging, Climate, and Invasions Threaten Reservoirs in the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Miranda Leandro E
Published: August 2023

Reservoirs in the Mississippi River basin are facing three momentous threats. The first two, aging and climate change, are relatively slow moving and their signal can be hard to discern given their stretched temporal scales. The third, species invasions, is faster paced and discernable within shorter temporal scales and restricted spatial scales. Aging and climate directly affect reservoir environments and indirectly affect their biotic communities. Climate change is expected to interact with aging to speed up and, in some instances, slow down aging. Conversely, invasions primarily imperil biotic communities but can also impact environmental elements. This triple jeopardy is expected to transform reservoir environs and their biotic assemblages in various, often uncertain, ways. I take a broad view of these threats within the Mississippi River basin. A basin-scale perspective, in contrast to a single reservoir or regional scale, may enhance awareness of reservoirs at a larger level and produce understanding less evident at local levels, hence possibly offering a wider range of choices for confronting threats. My aim is to (1) provide a synopsis of the assemblage of reservoirs and their attributes over the Mississippi River basin, (2) describe the issues related to aging, climate change, and invasions, and (3) consider a conservation framework for confronting these pressures. Given the overlapping temporal, spatial, and ecological effects of these threats, it is essential to address their effects simultaneously.
Comparative evaluation of milk proteins and oil‐seed‐cake‐derived proteins extracted by chemical and biological methods for obesity management
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Lande Abhijit Gajanan , Sameni Deepika , Yadav Deep Narayan , Kapila Rajeev , Kapila Suman
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

In light of the exponential rise in global population, there is a critical requirement to reduce food waste on a global scale. According to studies, agricultural wastes such as oil‐seed cakes offer great nutritional value. Acid precipitation (A) and alkaline extraction methods (traditional methods) were used to extract protein from oil‐seed cakes; however, both procedures are linked to decreased protein quality and quantity, which prompted the development of a novel strategy known as the biological/microbial/probiotic (B) method. Therefore, the present study aimed to highlight the optimal way of protein extraction from oil‐seed cakes and the effect of extraction methods on protein efficacy against obesity. The outcomes were also compared with milk proteins.

RESULTS

In vitro study provided evidence that proteins from both sources (plant and milk) suppressed adipogenesis and stimulated adipolysis in 3T3L‐1 cells. For the in vivo study, mice were fed with different protein extracts: soya protein preparation (SPP), ground protein preparation (GPP), whey protein (WP) and casein protein (CP) containing 40% of their calories as fat. Body weight decreased significantly in all the rats except CP‐fed rats. Body mass index, atherogenic index, plasma triglyceride and very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased significantly in all the groups in comparison to the model group (high‐fat‐diet group), but the decrease was more pronounced in plant proteins than milk proteins. In hepatocytes, the expression of fasting‐induced adipose factor, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α genes was increased significantly in SPP‐fed groups. Adiponectin gene expression was upregulated significantly in visceral fat tissue in groups fed SPP‐B, GPP‐A and CP, whereas leptin gene was downregulated significantly in all groups except SPP‐A.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that SPP‐B showed the most effective anti‐obesity property, followed by WP. Additionally, we found that the biological precipitation approach produced better outcomes for plant proteins isolated from oil‐seed cakes than the acid precipitation method. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Denoising and uncertainty estimation in parameter mapping with approximate Bayesian deep image priors
Authors: Hellström Max , Löfstedt Tommy , Garpebring Anders
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To mitigate the problem of noisy parameter maps with high uncertainties by casting parameter mapping as a denoising task based on Deep Image Priors.

Methods

We extend the concept of denoising with Deep Image Prior (DIP) into parameter mapping by treating the output of an image‐generating network as a parametrization of tissue parameter maps. The method implicitly denoises the parameter mapping process by filtering low‐level image features with an untrained convolutional neural network (CNN). Our implementation includes uncertainty estimation from Bernoulli approximate variational inference, implemented with MC dropout, which provides model uncertainty in each voxel of the denoised parameter maps. The method is modular, so the specifics of different applications (e.g., T1 mapping) separate into application‐specific signal equation blocks. We evaluate the method on variable flip angle T1 mapping, multi‐echo T2 mapping, and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping.

Results

We found that deep image prior adapts successfully to several applications in parameter mapping. In all evaluations, the method produces noise‐reduced parameter maps with decreased uncertainty compared to conventional methods. The downsides of the proposed method are the long computational time and the introduction of some bias from the denoising prior.

Conclusion

DIP successfully denoise the parameter mapping process and applies to several applications with limited hyperparameter tuning. Further, it is easy to implement since DIP methods do not use network training data. Although time‐consuming, uncertainty information from MC dropout makes the method more robust and provides useful information when properly calibrated.
Ginger blotches on Agaricus bisporus due to monoacetylphloroglucinol production by the pathogen Pseudomonas ‘gingeri’
Authors: Huang Zaixing , Liang Xishen , Wang Yifan , Mo Minqi , Qiu Ying , Liu Bin
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Agaricus bisporus is the most widely cultivated and consumed mushroom worldwide. Pseudomonas ‘gingeri’ is the only pathogenic causative agent of ginger blotch in A. bisporus. Current research on mushroom pathogenic biotoxins is limited to P. tolaasii, which causes brown blotch, while understanding of P. ‘gingeri’ is lacking, therefore identifying the toxins produced by P. ‘gingeri’ and evaluating their toxicity on A. bisporus is essential for understanding its pathogenic mechanisms.

RESULTS

A pathogenic bacterium isolated from fruiting bodies of A. bisporus with ginger blotch was identified as P. ‘gingeri’, and its main toxin identified as 2′, 4′, 6′‐trihydroxyacetophenone monohydrate, also known as monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG). Its first known extraction from a mushroom pathogen is reported here. MAPG at 250 μg/mL significantly inhibited the host's mycelial growth, increased branching, caused the structure to become dense and resulted in folds appearing on the surface. An MAPG concentration of 750 μg/mL MAPG led to mycelial death. P. ‘gingeri’ had high MAPG production in medium containing 0.1 mol/L of either glucose or mannitol (4.30 and 1.85 μg/mL, respectively), and mycelia were inhibited by 69.6% and 41.1%, respectively. The MAPG content was significantly lower in other carbon source media.

CONCLUSION

This work provides a detailed description of the structure and virulence of the P. ‘gingeri’ biotoxin, which has implications for understanding its pathogenic mechanism and for exploring precise control strategies for A. bisporus ginger blotch disease, such as the development of MAPG inhibitory factors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Target and non‐target site mechanisms of fungicide resistance and their implications for the management of crop pathogens
Authors: Dorigan Adriano Francis , Moreira Silvino Intra , da Silva Costa Guimarães Sarah , Cruz‐Magalhães Valter , Alves Eduardo
Published: August 2023

Fungicides are indispensable for high‐quality crops, but the rapid emergence and evolution of fungicide resistance have become the most important issues in modern agriculture. Hence, the sustainability and profitability of agricultural production have been challenged due to the limited number of fungicide chemical classes. Resistance to site‐specific fungicides has principally been linked to target and non‐target site mechanisms. These mechanisms change the structure or expression level, affecting fungicide efficacy and resulting in different and varying resistance levels. This review provides background information about fungicide resistance mechanisms and their implications for developing anti‐resistance strategies in plant pathogens. Here, our purpose was to review changes at the target and non‐target sites of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides, methyl‐benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides, demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides and to evaluate if they may also be associated with a fitness cost on crop pathogen populations. The current knowledge suggests that understanding fungicide resistance mechanisms can facilitate resistance monitoring and assist in developing anti‐resistance strategies and new fungicide molecules to help solve this issue. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting the unpredictable: the regulatory nature and promiscuity of herbicide cross resistance
Authors: Bobadilla Lucas K , Tranel Patrick J
Published: August 2023

The emergence of herbicide‐resistant weeds is a significant threat to modern agriculture. Cross resistance, a phenomenon where resistance to one herbicide confers resistance to another, is a particular concern owing to its unpredictability. Nontarget‐site (NTS) cross resistance is especially challenging to predict, as it arises from genes that encode enzymes that do not directly involve the herbicide target site and can affect multiple herbicides. Recent advancements in genomic and structural biology techniques could provide new venues for predicting NTS resistance in weed species. In this review, we present an overview of the latest approaches that could be used. We discuss the use of genomic and epigenomics techniques such as ATAC‐seq and DAP‐seq to identify transcription factors and cis‐regulatory elements associated with resistance traits. Enzyme/protein structure prediction and docking analysis are discussed as an initial step for predicting herbicide binding affinities with key enzymes to identify candidates for subsequent in vitro validation. We also provide example analyses that can be deployed toward elucidating cross resistance and its regulatory patterns. Ultimately, our review provides important insights into the latest scientific advancements and potential directions for predicting and managing herbicide cross resistance in weeds. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Pest management of postharvest potatoes: lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of the ectoparasitic mite Pyemotes zhonghuajia on the potato worm Phthorimaea operculella
Authors: Liu Jian‐Feng , He Xiong Z , Ye Shuai , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Han Peng , Gao Yu‐Lin , Yang Mao‐Fa
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Potato, Solanum tuberosum, is one of the most important food crops in the world, playing a significant role in global food security. However, many potato industries and farms may suffer losses of tuber yield and quality in storage due to lepidopteran pests. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of an ectoparasitic idiobiont mite Pyemotes zhonghuajia in the biological control of the potato tuber moth (PTM) Phthorimaea operculella by determining the lethal, sublethal (nonconsumptive) and transgenerational effects of P. zhonghuajia of various population densities and exposure durations on PTM survival, development and reproduction.

RESULTS

Pyemotes zhonghuajia females were capable of killing all instar stages of PTM, while resistance to mite parasitism increased with the development of PTM life stage. The mortality of mature larvae (i.e., fourth instar) and pupae increased with increasing mite density and exposure duration. P. zhonghuajia imposed significant negative sublethal impacts on PTM pupation rate, female fecundity and adult longevity but not on immature development. The sublethal stress was transgenerational, resulting in lower reproduction in the offspring generation.

CONCLUSION

P. zhonghuajia induces lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects and significantly decreases PTM survival and reproductive out, demonstrating its high efficiency in the biological control of PTM. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying the nonconsumptive effects of parasitism in an ectoparasite–host system and delivers critical information for the design and implementation of augmentative releases of P. zhonghuajia in the biological control of PTM in potato storage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Electrochemical Analysis of the Antihistamine Drug Cetirizine at a Poly(Glutamine) Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode
Authors: Pushpanjali Pemmatte A. , Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Hareesha Nagarajappa , Tighezza Ammar M. , Albaqami Munirah D. , Sillanpää Mika
Published: August 2023

An inexpensive and efficient sensor was developed for the electrochemical analysis of the antihistamine drug cetirizine (CTZ). The active sites on the bare carbon nanotube paste electrode surface were improved by the electropolymerization of poly(Glutamine). This modified electrode enhances the electrochemical response of the examining molecule. The study was conducted using a cyclic voltammetry technique in phosphate buffer saline of physiological pH 7.0 at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. The developed electrode possesses increased conductance and declined overpotential for the determination of CTZ. At the optimized conditions, the detection limit was evaluated by obtaining the current response of CTZ at the varied concentration, and it was obtained as 0.12 μM. The poly glutamine modified carbon nanotube paste electrode was successfully applied to determine CTZ in tablet and human urine samples with acceptable recovery.
Influence of Environmental Fluctuations on Quantum Interference in Naphthalene and Azulene
Authors: Alqahtani Jehan , Sangtarash Sara , Sadeghi Hatef
Published: August 2023

Both naphthalene and azulene have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, but the former is an alternant hydrocarbon and the latter is a nonalternant hydrocarbon. This leads to a large difference in their electronic and transport properties. Herein, quantum transport is investigated through these two molecules and it is shown how quantum interference (QI) affects their electrical conductance. It is demonstrated that the orbital rule to predict QI breaks down in both naphthalene and azulene. The influence of environmental fluctuations on their QI and electrical conductance is also investigated. The results show that QI in azulene is more sensitive to environmental fluctuations than in naphthalene. In particular, destructive QI can be changed to constructive QI in azulene by small environmental fluctuations.
Superconformal quantum mechanics and growth of sheaf cohomology
Authors: Dorey Nick , Zhao Boan
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We give a geometric interpretation for superconformal quantum mechanics defined on a hyper-Kähler cone which has an equivariant symplectic resolution. BPS states are identified with certain twisted Dolbeault cohomology classes on the resolved space and their index degeneracies can also be related to the Euler characteristic computed in equivariant sheaf cohomology. In the special case of the Hilbert scheme of K points on ℂ2, we obtain a rigorous estimate for the exponential growth of the index degeneracies of BPS states as K → ∞. This growth serves as a toy model for our recently proposed duality between a seven dimensional black hole and superconformal quantum mechanics.
Transverse momentum dependent shape function for J/ψ production in SIDIS
Authors: Boer Daniël , Bor Jelle , Maxia Luca , Pisano Cristian , Yuan Feng
Published: August 2023

Abstract

It has been shown previously that the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization of heavy quarkonium production requires a TMD shape function. Its perturbative tail can be extracted by matching the cross sections valid at low and high transverse momenta. In this article we compare the order-αs TMD expressions with the order-$$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

collinear ones for J/ψ production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), employing nonrelativistic QCD in both cases. In contrast to previous studies, we find that the small transverse momentum limit of the collinear expressions contains discontinuities. We demonstrate how to properly deal with them and include their finite contributions to the TMD shape functions. Moreover, we show that soft gluon emission from the low transverse momentum Born diagrams provide the same leading order TMD shape functions as required for the matching. Their revised perturbative tails have a less divergent behavior as compared to the TMD fragmentation functions of light hadrons. Finally, we investigate the universality of TMD shape functions in heavy quarkonium production, identify the need for process dependent factorization and discuss the phenomenological implications.
Some New Weak $$(H_p-L_p)$$-Type Inequality for Weighted Maximal Operators of Partial Sums of Walsh–Fourier Series
Authors: Baramidze David , Persson Lars-Erik , Singh Harpal , Tephnadze George
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we introduce some new weighted maximal operators of the partial sums of the Walsh–Fourier series. We prove that for some “optimal” weights these new operators indeed are bounded from the martingale Hardy space $$H_{p}(G)$$

H
p

(
G
)

to the Lebesgue space $$\text {weak}-L_{p}(G),$$

weak
-

L
p

(
G
)

,

for $$0<p<1.$$

0
<
p
<
1
.

Moreover, we also prove sharpness of this result. As a consequence we obtain some new and well-known results.
Proteomic investigation of neural stem cell to oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation reveals phosphorylation-dependent Dclk1 processing
Authors: Hardt Robert , Dehghani Alireza , Schoor Carmen , Gödderz Markus , Cengiz Winter Nur , Ahmadi Shiva , Sharma Ramesh , Schork Karin , Eisenacher Martin , Gieselmann Volkmar , Winter Dominic
Published: August 2023

Oligodendrocytes are generated via a two-step mechanism from pluripotent neural stem cells (NSCs): after differentiation of NSCs to oligodendrocyte precursor/NG2 cells (OPCs), they further develop into mature oligodendrocytes. The first step of this differentiation process is only incompletely understood. In this study, we utilized the neurosphere assay to investigate NSC to OPC differentiation in a time course-dependent manner by mass spectrometry-based (phospho-) proteomics. We identify doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) as one of the most prominently regulated proteins in both datasets, and show that it undergoes a gradual transition between its short/long isoform during NSC to OPC differentiation. This is regulated by phosphorylation of its SP-rich region, resulting in inhibition of proteolytic Dclk1 long cleavage, and therefore Dclk1 short generation. Through interactome analyses of different Dclk1 isoforms by proximity biotinylation, we characterize their individual putative interaction partners and substrates. All data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD040652.
Vermittlung der Terminservicestellen Psychotherapie im Jahr 2019
Authors: Engesser Deborah , Maier Lena , Schepers Markus , Singer Susanne
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund

Eine Maßnahme des Versorgungsstärkungsgesetzes war die Vermittlung psychotherapeutischer Leistungen (psychotherapeutische Sprechstunde, Akutbehandlung und probatorische Sitzungen) durch die Terminservicestellen der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KVen). Wir untersuchten diese Vermittlung differenziert nach Vermittlungsanliegen sowie nach Stadtstaat versus Flächenland.

Methoden

Die Anzahl der Anfragen und Terminvereinbarungen im Jahr 2019 wurde bei den KVen Deutschlands mittels Fragebogen erfragt. Die statistische Analyse bestand aus einer deskriptiven Auswertung und einem Kruskal-Wallis-Test.

Ergebnisse

Daten zu Terminvereinbarungen lagen von 17 KVen und Informationen zu Anfragen von 16 KVen vor. Insgesamt wurden 134.578 Termine vereinbart. Die Spannweite von 193 bis 21.810 Terminvereinbarungen offenbarte deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen KVen. Der Anteil der psychotherapeutischen Sprechstunde an allen psychotherapeutischen Terminvereinbarungen lag im Median bei 92 %. Pro KV konnten im Median 87 % der Anfragen nach psychotherapeutischen Sprechstunden (Spannweite 56–100 %), 96 % nach Akutbehandlungen (29–100 %) und 97 % nach probatorischen Sitzungen (27–100 %) vermittelt werden (je n = 16). Es zeigten sich geringe Unterschiede zwischen Stadtstaaten und Flächenländern bei der Vermittlung von Akutbehandlungen und probatorischen Sitzungen.

Diskussion

Bei KVen sowohl in Stadtstaaten als auch in Flächenländern bestehen Defizite insbesondere bei der Vermittlung von Akutbehandlungen und probatorischen Sitzungen. Unsere Ergebnisse lassen keine Rückschlüsse auf den Vermittlungsradius oder die Wartezeit auf Termine zu.
Targeting ACC1 in T cells ameliorates psoriatic skin inflammation
Authors: Kao Yu-San , Mamareli Panagiota , Dhillon-LaBrooy Ayesha , Stüve Philipp , Godoy Gloria Janet , Velasquez Lis Noelia , Raker Verena Katharina , Weidenthaler-Barth Beate , Boukhallouk Fatima , Rampoldi Francesca , Berod Luciana , Sparwasser Tim
Published: August 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease driven by the IL-23/IL-17 axis. It results from excessive activation of effector T cells, including T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, and is associated with dysfunctional regulatory T cells (Tregs). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid synthesis (FAS), directs cell fate decisions between Th17 and Tregs and thus could be a promising therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment. Here, we demonstrate that targeting ACC1 in T cells by genetic ablation ameliorates skin inflammation in an experimental model of psoriasis by limiting Th17, Tc17, Th1, and Tc1 cells in skin lesions and increasing the frequency of effector Tregs in skin-draining lymph nodes (LNs).

Key messages

ACC1 deficiency in T cells ameliorates psoriatic skin inflammation in mice.

ACC1 deficiency in T cells reduces IL-17A-producing Th17/Tc17/dysfunctional Treg populations in psoriatic lesions.

ACC1 deficiency in T cells restrains IFN-γ-producing Th1/Tc1 populations in psoriatic skin lesions and skin-draining LNs.

ACC1 deficiency promotes activated CD44+CD25+ Tregs and effector CD62L-CD44+ Tregs under homeostasis and psoriatic conditions.
Types and doses of anti‐adhesive agents injected into subacromial space do not have an effect on the clinical and anatomical outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Authors: Lee Jongwon , Yoon Jong Pil , Woo Youngje , Oh Kyung‐Soo , Chung Seok Won
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Joint stiffness after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is a major concern for orthopaedic surgeons. Various antiadhesive agents are commonly administered after rotator cuff repair for its prevention. This study aimed to compare the outcomes among patients injected with different types and amounts of anti‐adhesive agents after rotator cuff repair. It was hypothesized that the outcomes might differ depending on the use of the anti‐adhesive agent and its type and dose.

Methods

A total of 267 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with or without subacromial injection of anti‐adhesive agents were enrolled. The first group (group A; 51 patients) were injected with 3 mL of poloxamer/sodium alginate‐based anti‐adhesive agent. The second group (group B; 93 patients) were injected with 3 mL of sodium hyaluronate‐based anti‐adhesive agent. The third group (group C; 82 patients) were injected with 1.5 mL of sodium hyaluronate‐based anti‐adhesive agent. Finally, the last group (group D; 41 patients) who did not use anti‐adhesive agents served as the control. The range of motion (ROM) and pain VAS scores were measured preoperatively and at 5 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Functional outcomes were evaluated using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant scores, whereas cuff integrity was assessed via MRI or ultrasonography at least 6 months postoperatively.

Results

All ROM measurements, pain VAS scores, and functional scores were significantly improved regardless of the use, type, and dose of the anti‐adhesive agents. In addition shoulder ROM and rotator cuff healing did not significantly differ among the groups (all n.s.).

Conclusions

No significant differences were found in the clinical and anatomical outcomes according to the type and dose of the anti‐adhesive agents subacromially injected after rotator cuff repair.

Level of evidence

III.
The causal impact of mental health on tobacco and alcohol consumption: an instrumental variables approach
Authors: Mitrou Francis , Nguyen Ha Trong , Le Huong Thu , Zubrick Stephen R.
Published: August 2023

The reciprocal relationship between psychiatric and substance use disorders is well-known, yet it remains largely unknown whether mental health morbidity causally leads to addictive behaviours. This paper utilises a fixed effects instrumental variables model, which is identified by time-varying sources of plausibly exogenous variations in mental health, and a nationally representative panel dataset from Australia to present robust evidence on the causal impact of mental distress on cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviours. We find that mental distress significantly increases the prevalence and intensity of either cigarette or alcohol consumption. Further analysis reveals that mental distress also substantially increases household monetary expenditures on either tobacco or alcohol. The impact is greater for lower educated individuals or children of smokers, and is slightly higher for males. Our findings highlight the importance of mental health screening and treatment programs, especially among lower educated individuals or children of smokers, to assist in the prevention of addictive activities.
Electron density analysis on the alpha acidity of nitriles
Authors: López José Luis , Teixeira Filipe , Graña Ana M. , Mosquera Ricardo A.
Published: August 2023

24 substituted cyanocompounds and the corresponding anions obtained upon H+-abstraction from diverse positions were subjected to an electron density analysis with the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). All the electron densities were obtained at the B3LYP/6–31 +  + G(2d,2p) level on completely optimized geometries. In accordance to experimental evidence, α-H+abstraction is found as the most favored one (by at least 100 kJ mol−1in all the tested compounds). The presence of additional resonance electron attractors reduces significantly the α-deprotonation energy, whereas this magnitude is quite insensitive to the inclusion of resonance electron donors. The electron density rearrangement accompanying the deprotonation is apparently in line with the predictions of the resonance model (RM). In fact, a significant part of the electron density gained by expelling the proton is transferred to cyano N and to other groups where significant resonance structures delocalize the negative charge. Nevertheless, some significant modifications have to be introduced on the RM picture when the QTAIM results are studied in detail.
Clinical impact of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (PET) on intensification or deintensification of advanced renal cell carcinoma management
Authors: Pathmanathan Shivanshan , Tariq Arsalan , Pearce Adam , Rhee Handoo , Kyle Samuel , Raveenthiran Sheliyan , Wong David , McBean Rhiannon , Marsh Phillip , Goodman Steven , Dhiantravan Nattakorn , Esler Rachel , Dunglison Nigel , Navaratnam Anojan , Yaxley John , Thomas Paul , Pattison David A. , Goh Jeffrey C. , Gan Chun Loo , Roberts Matthew J.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

There is an emerging role of the use of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we report our experience in use of PSMA PET in recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PSMA PET for suspected recurrent or de-novo metastatic RCC between 2015 and 2020 at three institutions was performed. The primary outcome was change in management (intensification or de-intensification) following PSMA PET scan. Secondary outcomes included histopathological correlation of PSMA avid sites, comparison of sites of disease on PSMA PET to diagnostic CT and time to systemic treatment.

Results
Endoscopic cadaveric analysis of the origin of the ophthalmic artery
Authors: Zhou Chunhui , Lei Ting , Sun Junzhao , Zhao Hulin , Yu Xin , Cao Weidong , Lv Wenying , Zhang Jianning
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The ophthalmic artery is often involved in suprasellar and parasellar surgeries, but the anatomical structure where the ophthalmic artery originates has not been fully clarified from the perspective of an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA).

Methods

A total of 10 fresh cadaveric heads (20 sides) were dissected through an EEA, and the origin of the bilateral ophthalmic arteries and their adjacent structures were observed from a ventral view. The origin of the ophthalmic artery in 50 healthy people was retrospectively studied on computed tomography angiography imaging.

Results

The ophthalmic artery originated from the intradural segment (75%), paraclinoid segment (15%), or parasellar segment (10%) of the internal carotid artery. The cross-sectional view of the internal carotid artery through the EEA showed that the ophthalmic artery originated from the middle 1/3 (75%) or medial 1/3 (25%) of the upper surface of the internal carotid artery. On computed tomography angiography, the ophthalmic artery originated from the middle 1/3 (77%) and medial 1/3 (22%) of the upper surface of the internal carotid artery. All ophthalmic arteries were near the level of the distal dural ring (DDR) of the internal carotid artery, that is, within 3 mm above or below the DDR.

Conclusions

The ophthalmic artery usually originates in the middle 1/3 of the upper surface of the intradural segment of the internal carotid artery within 3 mm of the DDR. The ophthalmic artery can be protected to the utmost extent after its origin is identified through an EEA.
Step-in dosing of bosutinib in pts with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy: results of the Bosutinib Dose Optimization (BODO) Study
Authors: Isfort Susanne , Manz Kirsi , Teichmann Lino L. , Crysandt Martina , Burchert Andreas , Hochhaus Andreas , Saussele Susanne , Kiani Alexander , Göthert Joachim R. , Illmer Thomas , Schafhausen Philippe , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Stegelmann Frank , Hänel Mathias , Pfeiffer Tim , Giagounidis Aristoteles , Franke Georg-Nikolaus , Koschmieder Steffen , Fabarius Alice , Ernst Thomas , Warnken-Uhlich Mareille , Wolber Uta , Kohn Denise , Pfirrmann Markus , Wolf Dominik , Brümmendorf Tim H. ,   for the German CML study group
Published: August 2023

The approved dose of bosutinib in chronic phase CML is 400 mg QD in first-line and 500 mg QD in later-line treatment. However, given that gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity typically occurs early after treatment initiation, physicians often tend to start therapy with lower doses although this has never been tested systematically in prospective trials in the Western world. The Bosutinib Dose Optimization (BODO) Study, a multicenter phase II study, investigated the tolerability and efficacy of a step-in dosing concept of bosutinib (starting at 300 mg QD) in chronic phase CML patients in 2nd or 3rd line who were intolerant and/or refractory to previous TKI treatment. Of 57 patients included until premature closure of the study due to slow recruitment, 34 (60%) reached the targeted dose level of 500 mg QD following the 2-weekly step-in dosing regimen. While the dosing-in concept failed to reduce GI toxicity (grade II–IV, primary study endpoint) to < 40% (overall rate of 60%; 95% CI: 45–74%), bosutinib treatment (mean dosage: 403 mg/day) showed remarkable efficacy with a cumulative major molecular remission (MMR) rate of 79% (95% CI: 66 to 88%) at month 24. Of thirty patients refractory to previous therapy and not in MMR at baseline, 19 (64%) achieved an MMR during treatment. GI toxicity did not significantly impact on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and led to treatment discontinuation in only one patient. Overall, the results of our trial support the efficacy and safety of bosutinib after failure of second-generation TKI pre-treatment. Trial registration: NCT02577926.
Artificial cranial deformation in Tiwanaku, Bolivia
Authors: Narang Pranay , Jandial Zain , Aramayo Jorge Daniel Brun , Crawford John , Levy Michael L.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Herein lies a brief historical review of the practice of artificial cranial deformation (ACD) in Tiwanaku, Bolivia, a pre-Columbian archeological ruin once regarded as one of the most powerful pre-Inca regions whose influence extended into present-day Peru and Chile from 600 to 1000 AD. We describe the history, purpose, and implications of ACD from both a neuroanatomical and cultural perspective.

Methods

A literature review was conducted through PubMed on the history of artificial cranial deformation in South America, concentrating on the Tiwanaku region. The authors searched all available data with no specific time reference, using the mentioned keywords: ACD, neuroanatomical implications of ACD, cultural and social functions of ACD, Tiwanaku society, and Andean civilization.

Results

Early Andean civilization was hierarchical and stratified. In Tiwanaku, the practice of ACD served to delineate one’s social class, caste, lineage, and vocation. This was especially useful for warriors, who distinguished their fellow combatants from insurgents by differences in their cranial structure. ACD was usually conducted within the first few months of an infant’s life before morphogenetic features became permanent. Two popular cranial styles—tabular and annular—were achieved by applying various mechanical apparatus and resulted in several cranial shapes (conical, box-like, flattened, etc.). Neuroanatomically, each deformation technique and the duration for which mechanical stress was applied influenced the solidification of cranial bones and shaped the frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal bones differently. Cognitive deficits and plagiocephalic defects were recorded in limitation and may have been overlooked as the era’s occupational demands were more labor-intensive than knowledge-driven.

Conclusion

In Tiwanaku, the custom of ACD was used to demonstrate group identity, with alterations of the cranial shape corresponding to a particular headdress. ACD was used to distinguish an individual’s social identity, separating different groups of society into castes, classes, and slaves (Brain, 1979). The custom has also been used to mark territory and emphasize ethnic differences among groups, with potential cognitive implications that were largely unrecorded.
Efficacy of prostaglandin E2 versus prostaglandin F2 alpha assisted with narrowband-UVB in stable vitiligo
Authors: Neinaa Yomna Mazid El-Hamd , Mahmoud Myada Abd Elmohsen , El Maghraby Gamal Mohamed , Ibrahim Zeinab Abd Elsamd
Published: August 2023

In the recent decades, prostaglandins were recommended as a new therapeutic modality of stable vitiligo with promising efficacy. Therefore, we designed the current work to compare the significance of two different subtypes of prostaglandins [prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) versus prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α)], assisted with NB-UVB phototherapy, in treatment of stable vitiligo. This study was conducted on 30 patients with stable non-segmental vitiligo. Three approximately similar vitiliginous areas were chosen in each patient and assigned into 3 groups. Each group treated with intradermal injection of either PGE2 (group I), PGF2α (group II), or saline as placebo (group III) at frequency once/week for 12 weeks. Concomitantly, all groups received NB-UVB phototherapy twice weekly for 3 months. The outcomes of this study discovered that the therapeutic efficacy of intradermal injection of either PGE2 or PGF2α assisted with NB-UVB phototherapy was comparable with non-significant difference between them in spite of being significantly higher than NB-UVB alone. However, there were a significantly earlier onset of repigmentation and higher degree of satisfaction regarding areas treated with PGE2 than those treated with PGF2α. In conclusion, both PGF2α and PGE2 intradermal injection could be considered as quite simple and affordable techniques in the treatment of stable vitiligo with no reported side effects and good patient satisfaction.
Lifetime ADHD symptoms highly prevalent in women with cardiovascular complaints. A cross-sectional study
Authors: ter Beek L. S. , Böhmer M. N. , Wittekoek M. E. , Kooij J. J. S.
Published: August 2023

Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at greater cardiovascular risk. We investigated the association between ADHD symptoms and cardiovascular disease in women at a specialized Dutch cardiological clinic. Lifetime ADHD symptoms were found in 35% of women (n = 300) with cardiac complaints. Women with ADHD symptoms compared to those without were significantly younger but had no different cardiological profile. To protect women’s health, further research and multidisciplinary cooperation is required to better understand the relationship between ADHD and cardiovascular disease.
Laparoscopic versus hybrid approach for treatment of incisional ventral hernia: a 5–10-year follow-up of the randomized controlled multicenter study
Authors: Hiekkaranta J. M. , Ahonen M. , Mäkäräinen E. , Saarnio J. , Pinta T. , Vironen J. , Niemeläinen S. , Vento P. , Nikki M. , Ohtonen P. , Rautio T.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

In this long-term follow-up of a prospective, randomized, and multicenter study, we compare the results of a group receiving laparoscopic incisional ventral hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh (LG) to a group receiving a hybrid hernia repair where open closure of fascial defect was added to intraperitoneal mesh placement (HG).

Methods

Originally, 193 patients with 2–7 cm incisional hernias were randomly assigned to either the LG or HG during the 30-month recruitment period in 2012 to 2015. Long-term follow-up was conducted 5–10 years after surgery to evaluate hernia recurrence rate and quality of life (QoL).

Results

In all, 65 patients in the LG and 60 in the HG completed the long-term follow-up with a median follow-up period of 87 months. Recurrent hernia was detected in 11 of 65 patients (16.9%) in the LG and 10 of 60 patients (16.7%) in the HG (p  >  0.9). Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a recurrence rate approaching 20% in both groups, with similar curves. Three patients in the LG (4.6% and five patients in the HG (8.1%) had undergone re-operation due to recurrence (p  = 0.48). There was no difference in patient-reported QoL measured using the SF-36 questionnaire. Mean pain scores were similar between groups, mean numeric rating scale (NRS) 0 to 10 being 1.1 in the LG and 0.7 in the HG (p  = 0.43).

Conclusion

Fascial closure did not reduce hernia recurrence rate in this study population, even though it has been shown to be beneficial and recommended in surgery guidelines. In the long term, recurrence rate for both groups is similar.