bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability for Adaptive, Morphological, and Reproductive Traits in Selected Cold‐Hardy Germplasm of Common Bermudagrass
Authors: Guo Yuanwen , Wu Yanqi , Moss Justin Q. , Anderson Jeffrey A. , Zhu Lan
Published: February 2017

Common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] has been widely used as a major warm‐season turf and forage grass in the southern United States and in other regions with similar climates around the world. However, it will suffer severe winterkill when grown beyond its region of adaptation. Cold‐hardy bermudagrass germplasm have been developed, but its genetic variation for important turfgrass traits remains unknown. The objective of this study was to quantify genetic variability and determine relationships among adaptive, morphological, and reproductive traits in selected cold‐hardy common bermudagrass germplasm, including 48 clonal plants from ‘Riviera’ and 50 clonal plants from ‘Yukon’. Large genetic variability existed for 12 of 13 adaptive, morphological, and reproductive traits within this germplasm. Spring greenup was found to be positively correlated with turf density and fall color retention. Leaf spot disease had negative correlations with spring greenup and inflorescence prolificacy, and percentage seed set was negatively associated with raceme length. Broad‐sense heritability estimates were 0.03 to 0.25 for first internode length and fourth leaf blade width, 0.36 for first internode diameter, 0.64 for fourth leaf blade length, and 0.72 to 0.80 for inflorescence prolificacy, raceme length, and percentage seed set. The large genetic variability within the winter‐hardy germplasm will provide value in selecting superior parental plants, for producing improved interspecific hybrids, and in forming improved synthetic cultivars and breeding populations.
Biomass Yield of Switchgrass Cultivars under High‐ versus Low‐Input Conditions
Authors: Casler Michael D. , Sosa Sergio , Hoffman Lindsey , Mayton Hilary , Ernst Calvin , Adler Paul R. , Boe Arvid R. , Bonos Stacy A.
Published: February 2017

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is undergoing development as a biomass crop to support conversion of cellulosic biomass to energy. To avoid the competition of biomass with food or feed crops, most commercialization proposals suggest that switchgrass should be grown exclusively on marginal lands that are not fit for food or feed production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for cultivar × environment interactions that would affect the methods and approaches for breeding and evaluating switchgrass cultivars, including both upland and lowland types, for high‐input versus low‐input types of environments. Biomass yield was measured on 14 cultivars that were present in 28 replicated field experiments representing seven regions, ranging from 75 to 100° W and spanning USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 7. Region was the most important environmental factor interacting with cultivars, supporting the idea that the north‐central and northeastern United States should have independent switchgrass breeding programs. Cultivars interacted with soil phosphorus concentration in New Jersey and with depth of the A and B horizons in New York and showed mild interactions with rate of nitrogen fertilizer at several locations. Cultivar rank correlation coefficients between the two rates of nitrogen fertilization (100 vs. 0 kg N ha−1) ranged from 0.23 to 0.88, suggesting a possible benefit to breeding and selection without applied nitrogen fertilizer.
Occurrence of genetically modified rape in feedingstuffs
Authors: Mazur Małgorzata , Sieradzki Zbigniew , Król Beata , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: February 2017

European Union law enforces labeling of products containing above 0.9% of GMO. The aim of this study was detection and quantification of genetically modified rape in feedingstuffs. Both the qualitative and quantitative analysis was based on Real Time PCR method. Amongst 432 examined samples of feed, 56 contained GM rape line GT73. Only in 8 of them did the content of GM rape exceed 0.9%. The source of GT73 rape contamination was rapeseed meal imported to Poland from the eastern countries, mainly Ukraine, which was confirmed in shipping documents attached to the samples. The efficient monitoring of GMO, especially for rape, is very important, because of the high possibility of contamination of traditional crops with GM varieties
Occurrence of faecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subs. paratuberculosis by calves
Authors: Agnieszka Wiszniewska-Łaszczych , Joanna Szteyn , Katarzyna Liedtke , Beata Wysok , Joanna Wojtacka , Małgorzata Gomółka-Pawlicka
Published: February 2017

Paratuberculosis or Johne´s disease is a chronic granulomatous enteric disease afflicting cattle, sheep, goats and other ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Calves are infected mainly via an oral route, especially from manure and environment contamination by infected adult cattle. It is generally assumed that calves rarely shed MAP bacteria and that calf-to-calf transmission is of minor importance. The aim of the study was to evaluate occurrence of faecal excretion of MAP by calves born to MAP-positive and MAP-negative dams in a low MAP prevalence herd. The study involved 66 dam-calf pairs. Samples of faeces were collected: for each cow once about 2–3 weeks to parturition, and for each calf 3 times at 2–5, 180–185 and 360–365 days of age. All samples were studied for the presence of MAP by culture or by PCR of IS900 insertion sequence MAP DNA. Faecal samples of the dams demonstrated 15/66 dams with at least one positive result. Analysis of MAP shedding prevalence in the faeces of calves originating from MAP-positive and MAP-negative dams shows that in 15 MAP-positive dams- 10 out of 15 calves (66.66%) at the age of 180–185 days and at the aged of 360–365 days 11 out of 15 calves (73.33%) were MAP-positive in faecal samples. In the case of MAP-negative dams: 7 out of 51 calves (13.72%) at the age of 180–185 days, and 8 out of 51 calves (15.68%) at the age of 360–365 days were MAP-positive. MAP-infection cases in calves coming from infected and healthy dams prove the occurrence of calf-to-calf transmission and that contact with infected calves increases the risk of MAP spreading among healthy calves.
MicroRNA function in domestic animal physiology and diseases: a promising diagnostic tool for veterinary use
Authors: Chodkowska Karolina A. , Sadkowski Tomasz , Ostaszewski Piotr
Published: February 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding interfering RNA molecules capable of post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression through sequence-specific base pairing to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). In recent years, hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in humans, various animals and plants. The action of miRNAs has been examined in several biological processes, including tissue morphogenesis, development, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, metabolism, and major signaling pathways. Changes in miRNA expression have also been analyzed in the context of various pathological conditions, including different kinds of inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Thanks to these investigations, several miRNAs have been identified as potential sensitive diagnostic markers that may be important in monitoring physiological and pathological processes. In human medicine, microarray and real-time PCR-based diagnostic test panels with selected disease-specific miRNAs are increasingly used to predict disease occurrence or progression. In animals, they are mainly used to diagnose canine mammary cancers and infectious diseases, as well as to monitor reproduction. Until now, only few miRNAs of domestic animals have been studied in detail. Moreover, the silencing of selected miRNAs, successfully used in human medicine in diseases related to miRNA over-expression, is also emerging as a promising tool for veterinary medicine and animal breeding. This review presents recent progress in miRNA biology in various domestic animals and shows the current state of knowledge concerning miRNAs and their potential role as a diagnostic factor in veterinary sciences.
Nitrate adsorption from aqueous solutions by calcined ternary Mg-Al-Fe hydrotalcite
Authors: Tong Xiaowen , Yang Zhiquan , Xu Pan , Li Ying , Niu Xiaojun
Published: February 2017

Calcined ternary hydrotalcite like compounds had been synthesized by co-precipitation and calcined at 450 °C for 6 h. It had been applied into the nitrate removal from aqueous solutions. Various factors during adsorption process, such as chemical composition of adsorbents, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of nitrate, initial pH and co-existing anions on nitrate adsorption had been investigated. It was found that 1.5 g/L CHTlcs (Mg/Al/Fe molar ratio = 3:0.1:0.9) could achieve ideal adsorption efficiency at an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/L. The value of pH had little effect on nitrate adsorption. The co-existing anions had the inhibitory effect on nitrate adsorption, which was in the order of PO43− > SO42− > Cl− > ClO4−. The batch adsorption studies showed that experimental data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum isotherm adsorption capacity was 123.305 mg/g. The adsorption of nitrate was a spontaneous exothermic process with the reduction of entropy. The proposed adsorption mechanism obtained from characterization was that CHTlcs uptake nitrate through reconstruction effect and adsorption on external surface.
Insuficiência Renal Aguda associada à Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico por Adenoma Viloso: Um Caso de Síndrome de McKittrick-Wheelock
Authors: Vieira Richard Raphael Borges Tavares , Monteiro Iorle F , Esteves Batista Ana Beatriz , Ferreira de Paula Joaquim , França Leite Gerson França Leite < , Marques Batista Carlos Augusto
Published: February 2017

Os adenomas vilosos colorretais são tumores epiteliais benignos que representam de 5% a 10% dos pólipos colorretais e apresentam grande potencial de malignização. Localizam-se principalmente no cólon sigmoide e no reto, podendo ser classificados em mucossecretores e não mucossecretores, com apresentação clínica habitual de retorragia. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a descrição de um caso clínico conduzido nas dependências do Hospital Escola Luiz Gioseffi Jannuzzi com características compatíveis àquele descrito em 1954 por McKittrick e Wheelock. O paciente cursou com falha renal aguda por hipovolemia e apresentou melhora clínica após o tratamento instituído.
Fístula bilio-duodenal pós colecistite aguda: Relato de caso
Authors: Fonte Boa Marina Araújo , Tepedino Marina Pirassol , Santos Guimarães Camila , Passos Márcio Alexandre Terra
Published: February 2017

As fístulas biliares internas espontâneas são comunicações estabelecidas entre qualquer segmento da árvore biliar e dos órgãos abdominais. Elas constituem uma afecção rara apesar de compreender uma complicação da colecistite, patologia freqüente da prática cirúrgica. As fístulas bilioentericas ocorrem em 3-5% dos doentes com colelitíase, sendo 68% destas bilioduodenais. O objetivo desse manuscrito é relatar um caso de fístula bilioduodenal complicada com hemobilia e hemorragia digestiva, descrevendo a conduta adotada. Os dados foram coletados entre dezembro/2015 a abril/2016 através da analise de prontuário fornecido pelo Hospital Universitário Sul Fluminense (HUSF). Trata-se de um paciente masculino, 75 anos, atendido no HUSF-Vassouras/RJ com diagnóstico sindrômico de abdome agudo inflamatório por colecistite aguda, submetido a tratamento conservador para regressão da inflamação peri-colecística, diminuindo assim, o risco de lesões iatrogênicas da árvore biliar em posterior cirurgia. Evoluiu com melena, que foi investigada por endoscopia digestiva alta onde foi observada úlcera de bulbo duodenal com drenagem de secreção purulenta pela sua luz; e tomografia computadorizada de abdome que evidenciou presença de aerobilia indicando presença de fístula bileodigestiva. O tratamento conservador consistiu-se em antibioticoterapia e reposição volêmica, optado devido à remissão do quadro de colecistite após desobstrução pela fístula, devido à hemorragia que cessou espontaneamente e também pelo risco da realização do procedimento cirúrgico em paciente idoso com intensa resposta inflamatória sistêmica. Não é comum na literatura médica a ocorrência de fístulas biliodigestivas com sinais e sintomas hemorrágicos. O quadro clínico geralmente é inespecífico e frequentemente atrasado devido à falta de sinais e sintomas patognomônicos.
Tumor Filóides Borderline: Relato de caso
Authors: TEPEDINO MARINA PIRASSOL , GUIMARÃES CAMILA SANTOS , FONTE BOA MARINA ARAÚJO , CAMPO DALL’ORTO ORLANDO ANTONIO
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de narrar o caso de uma jovem de 24 anos, que teve quadro de Tumor Filóides do tipo borderline, evidenciado durante cirurgia de excisão de fibroadenoma, e diagnosticado por exame histopatológico da lesão, sendo futuramente reabordado com nova cirurgia. O Tumor Filóides é uma neoplasia fibroepitelial incomum da mama, representando de 0,3 a 0,9% de todos os tumores primários daquele órgão. É comumente vista entre pacientes com 40-50 anos. Sendo mais raro ainda sua apresentação em jovens. Por fim este artigo apresenta breve revisão de literatura, mostrando que a conduta utilizada no caso foi correta.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells for Chemoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Subramaniam Dharmalingam , Kaushik Gaurav , Dandawate Prasad , Anant Shrikant
Published: February 2017

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide and
the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in United States. Regardless of the advances
in molecular pathogenesis and consequential efforts to suppress the disease, this cancer remains
a major health problem in United States. By 2030, the projection is that pancreatic cancer
will be climb up to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United
States. Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly invasive and highly metastatic cancer, and does not respond
to standard therapies. Emerging evidence supports that the presence of a unique population
of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) as potential cancer inducing cells and efforts
are underway to develop therapeutic strategies targeting these cells. CSCs are rare quiescent
cells, and with the capacity to self-renew through asymmetric/symmetric cell division, as well
as differentiate into various lineages of cells in the cancer. Studies have been shown that
CSCs are highly resistant to standard therapy and also responsible for drug resistance, cancer
recurrence and metastasis. To overcome this problem, we need novel preventive agents that
target these CSCs. Natural compounds or phytochemicals have ability to target these CSCs
and their signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current
understanding of pancreatic CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals
that target these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenol EGCG (epigallocatechin-
3-gallate), crocetinic acid, sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, vitamin E δ-
tocotrienol, Plumbagin, quercetin, triptolide, Licofelene and Quinomycin. These natural compounds
or phytochemicals, which inhibit cancer stem cells may prove to be promising agents
for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancers.
Clinical Trials with Oncolytic Measles Virus: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Msaouel Pavlos , Opyrchal Mateusz , Dispenzieri Angela , Peng Kah Whye , Federspiel Mark J. , Russell Stephen J. , Galanis Evanthia
Published: February 2017

Attenuated Edmonston lineage measles virus (MV-Edm) vaccine strains can preferentially
infect and lyse a wide variety of cancer cells. Oncolytic MV-Edm derivatives are genetically
engineered to express the human carcinoembryonic antigen (MV-CEA virus) or the human sodium
iodide symporter (MV-NIS virus) and are currently being tested in clinical trials against ovarian
cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, multiple myeloma, mesothelioma, head and neck cancer, breast
cancer and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. This review describes the basic and preclinical
data that facilitated the clinical translation of MV-Edm strains, and summarizes the clinical results
of this oncolytic platform to date. Furthermore, we discuss the latest clinically relevant MV-Edm
vector developments and creative strategies for future translational steps.
Current Uses of Dietary Therapy for Patients with Far-Advanced CKD
Authors: Hanafusa Norio , Lodebo Bereket Tessema , Kopple Joel D.
Published: February 2017

For several decades, inquiry concerning dietary therapy for nondialyzed patients with CKD has focused mainly on its capability to retard progression of CKD. However, several studies published in recent years indicate that, independent of whether diet can delay progression of CKD, well designed low-protein diets may provide a number of benefits for people with advanced CKD who are close to requiring or actually in need of RRT. Dietary therapy may both maintain good nutritional status and safely delay the need for chronic dialysis in such patients, offering the possibility of improving quality of life and reducing health care costs. With the growing interest in incremental dialysis, dietary therapy may enable lower doses of dialysis to be safely and effectively used, even as GFR continues to decrease. Such combinations of dietary and incremental dialysis therapy might slow the rate of loss of residual GFR, possibly reduce mortality in patients with advanced CKD, improve quality of life, and also, reduce health care costs. The amount of evidence that supports these possibilities is limited, and more well designed, randomized clinical trials are clearly indicated.
Participación ciudadana y gestión del agua en el valle de Juárez, Chihuahua
Authors: Córdova Bojórquez Gustavo , Romo Aguilar María de Lourdes , Peña Medina Sergio
Published: February 2017

En este trabajo se analiza la participación ciudadana en la gestión del agua en 23 localidades del valle de Juárez, Chihuahua, con dos variables: influencias externas e internas del individuo; cada una, a su vez, está conformada por diversos indicadores. Entre los factores externos destaca el lugar de nacimiento, la educación, el empleo y el ingreso; entre los internos la baja calificación a los organismos operadores y la baja participación y disposición de pago.
Género, empoderamiento y movimientos sociales: la Unión Campesina Emiliano Zapata Vive, en la región Tepeaca-Tecamachalco, Puebla
Authors: Hernández Flores José Álvaro , Martínez Corona Beatriz
Published: February 2017

Este artículo analiza la participación de mujeres y hombres rurales en un movimiento social reciente, que reivindica el modo de vida campesino y la lucha por el territorio: la Unión Campesina Emiliano Zapata Vive (UCEZV); también sus efectos en el empoderamiento diferencial por género y el fortalecimiento tanto de las identidades colectivas como los cambios en las genéricas, asociados a su conformación como sujetos sociales. Las organizaciones presentan retos especiales para la participación de las mujeres, pues en ellas pueden reproducirse las estructuras de poder dominante o crearse socializaciones nuevas, y relaciones que favorezcan transformaciones en el modelo tradicional de género.
La "fiebre del oro" en Baja California durante la década de 1850: su impacto sobre el desarrollo del territorio
Authors: Taylor Hansen Lawrence Douglas
Published: February 2017

La serie de descubrimientos de oro en el Partido Norte de Baja California durante la década de 1850 repercutió en el crecimiento de la entidad. Aunque las fiebres de oro de este periodo no produjeron una gran bonanza, constituyeron antecedentes importantes para los hallazgos de las décadas posteriores. El flujo de gambusinos de Estados Unidos a la región se vinculó con problemas de seguridad y de orden interno, que constituyeron el desafío más grande para mantener la autoridad gubernamental en este partido fonterizo.
Capital social y redes de políticas: Acciones públicas en la zona metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León
Authors: Mariñez Navarro Freddy
Published: February 2017

Existe una relación entre el capital social y las redes de políticas, como puntos fundamentales para la definición de las políticas públicas, con participación de actores. En este caso se analizan datos empíricos del capital social en los nueve municipios de la zona metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León. También, se identifican los contextos de las redes de políticas tanto en las acciones públicas de dichos municipios, como en el proyecto de Ciudad Internacional del Conocimiento. El artículo concluye que un enfoque de redes de políticas provee una herramienta útil para el análisis del proceso de las políticas públicas, y a la vez refuerza la eficacia y legitimidad de las acciones públicas.
Participación de la Comisión Nacional del Agua en el tratamiento de aguas residuales en la Cuenca Lerma-Chapala: Estadísticas federales y realidades estatales
Authors: Pacheco-Vega Raúl
Published: February 2017

Los municipios tienen la responsabilidad de sanear y tratar las aguas residuales, según se asienta en el artículo 115 de la Constitución mexicana. Sin embargo, en la práctica, tanto la federación como los estados la comparten. Los estudios sobre la Cuenca Lerma-Chapala se centran en la escasez del recurso hídrico y se olvida el saneamiento. Este artículo estudia la contribución de la Comisión Nacional del Agua (CNA) en materia de tratamiento de aguas residuales, en los cinco estados que conforman la Cuenca Lerma-Chapala. El análisis comparativo muestra las divergencias por parte de la federación, al evaluar la repercusión en el desempeño de cada estado y no revela un efecto significativo, a pesar de que las estadísticas oficiales presentan logros sustanciales. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de analizar con cautela y escepticismo los datos oficiales.
Los impactos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte en la producción de frijol de Zacatecas
Authors: Reyes Rivas Elivier , García Zamora Rodolfo , Pérez Veyna Óscar , Foladori Guillermo
Published: February 2017

La apertura comercial total, prevista en el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) para 2008, puede afectar la agricultura y el empleo rural de Zacatecas, particularmente la producción de frijol, donde la entidad ocupa el primer lugar como productor nacional. Dicha leguminosa ocupa 57 por ciento del área sembrada en el estado y emplea a cerca de 70 mil personas. Al revisar los términos comerciales pactados, datos estadísticos y fuentes primarias, se concluye que la competitividad que genere la apertura comercial puede precipitar el abandono de los cultivos y el deterioro de las condiciones de vida de miles de agricultores. El gobierno mexicano debería reevaluar los términos del tratado para impulsar la producción agrícola y establecer políticas públicas nuevas generadoras de empleo.
Financiamientos para la agricultura comercial de Sinaloa: 1932-1949: El creciente papel de los actores privados regionales y estadounidenses
Authors: Frías Sarmiento Eduardo
Published: February 2017

El desarrollo agrícola experimentado por Sinaloa en el siglo XX no puede explicarse sin la conjunción de diversos factores, entre los que destaca el financiero. Éste se aborda aquí debido a su relevancia: no sólo la siembra y recolección de lo producido, sino también su comercialización y sobre todo su exportación dependían en gran medida de las inversiones continuas de capital propio y ajeno, privado y público, en este último caso estatal y federal. El objetivo es explorar el otorgamiento de crédito a la empresa tomatera, canalizado a través de instituciones creadas ex profeso para incentivar la agricultura comercial. Este fue un factor decisivo para la exportación de tomate.
Valoración económica de la actividad recreativa en el río Colorado
Authors: Sanjurjo Rivera Enrique , Islas Cortés Iván
Published: February 2017

Las actividades recreativas informales, derivadas de los flujos de agua del río Colorado, arrojan beneficios económicos. Para comprobarlo se utilizó un método de valoración contingente (MVC), con base en una encuesta aplicada a cien visitantes, principalmente de San Luis Río Colorado; se realizó un análisis econométrico de un solo límite a la pregunta referéndum de disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) . Se corrieron varias regresiones utilizando los modelos Probit y Logit, para obtener estimadores diferentes de tendencia central de la DAP. El monto estimado de ganancias generadas por dichas actividades está entre 1.9 y 6 millones de pesos anuales.
El nodo de distribución en la cadena hortícola de valor México-Estados Unidos: el caso de las exportaciones sinaloenses de productos frescos
Authors: Maya Ambía Carlos Javier , López Barraza Lydia María
Published: February 2017

Sinaloa es la principal entidad federativa exportadora de hortalizas frescas de México a Estados Unidos. Su inserción en la globalización ocurre a través de la cadena hortícola de valor que existe entre ambos países. Para que ésta funcione de manera eficiente, es central el papel de las empresas que distribuyen en Estados Unidos las hortalizas producidas en Sinaloa. Después de explicar las características de la cadena en el contexto del mercado hortícola mundial, a partir del trabajo de campo realizado en la zona fronteriza de Nogales, Arizona, el presente artículo ana- liza la experiencia de los horticultores sinaloenses que crearon distribuidoras propias en territorio estadounidense, para mejorar su posición competitiva en el mercado y tener mayor control sobre sus productos. Asimismo, se detalla la situación actual y los desafíos que la globalización impone a las empresas estudiadas.
Escenarios de demanda y políticas para la administración del agua potable en México: el caso de Hermosillo, Sonora
Authors: Salazar Adams Alejandro , Pineda Pablos Nicolás
Published: February 2017

Hermosillo es una ciudad con crecimiento poblacional alto, pero el recurso agua es limitado. En este artículo se hace la proyección de escenarios de demanda del líquido y de las políticas para su administración hasta 2030. El primero de ellos es el base, donde se mantiene la ineficiencia actual. En los dos siguientes se plantea una reducción de ésta y aumento de las tarifas, y se calcula el efecto de los cambios sobre el consumo. De acuerdo con estos escenarios, se concluye que de aplicarse las medidas propuestas, es posible asegurar el abastecimiento de agua hasta 2030, si se mantiene la disponibilidad natural presente.
Políticas rurales y pérdida de cobertura vegetal. Elementos para reformular instrumentos de fomento agropecuario relacionados con la apertura de praderas ganaderas en el noroeste de México
Authors: Bravo Peña Luis Carlos , Doode Matsumoto Olga Shoko , Castellanos Villegas Alejandro E. , Espejel Carbajal Ileana
Published: February 2017

La tasa de deforestación anual en México es cercana a las seiscientas mil hectáreas. Una de las causas más importantes de este fenómeno se relaciona con la promoción de un esquema de desarrollo pecuario que ha ignorado los impactos ambientales. En el presente trabajo se identifican algunos de los vínculos entre los programas Alianza para el Campo y Estímulos a la Productividad Ganadera con las tendencias a la deforestación, para la apertura de praderas de zacate buffel (Pennisetum ciliare) en el estado de Sonora, y se sugieren modificaciones a la legislación ambiental vigente para regularla. También se proponen alternativas para evaluar el desempeño ambiental de los programas mencionados, para replantear la estrategia sectorial de fomento pecuario.
El poder de la decepción: un análisis del efecto boca-oreja en las películas
Authors: Azuela Flores José Ignacio , Jimenez Torres Nadia Huitzilin
Published: February 2017

Este artículo analiza los efectos de las experiencias “emocionantes” y “decepcionantes” en el cine, sobre la cantidad de comunicación boca-oreja que generan los individuos en las redes sociales. Para ello, se realizó un diseño pre-experimental de grupo único con prueba previa y posterior. Para tal efecto se realizó una Prueba t para muestras relacionadas que permitió identificar los efectos específicos de una película emocionante o decepcionante sobre el boca-oreja. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre ambos tipos de experiencia; películas emocionantes y películas decepcionantes (p = .000). Así pues, la diferencia media entre ambas condiciones es significativamente diferente. De tal modo que cuando las experiencias fueron positivas (películas emocionantes), los individuos tienden a hablar menos de la película en las redes sociales (RR.SS.) Mientras que cuando se enfrentan a una experiencia negativa (película decepcionante), los participantes tienden a hablar más.
Analisis Logam Timbal (Pb) Dan Besi (Fe) Dalam Air Laut Di Pelabuhan Desa Paranggi Kecamatan Ampibabo
Authors: Fiskanita Fiskanita , Hamzah Baharuddin , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: February 2017

Determination of concentration of lead (Pb) and iron (Fe) has been conducted in sea water inParanggi village, district of Ampibabo. The method used is spectrophotometry, namely atomic absorptionspectrophotometer (AAS). Sea water sample is taken in the morning with a 3-point sampling, which isat a distance of ± 5 m, 10 m and 15 m respectively. The 3-point sampling is from the port side of theback end of the ship and the port end of the backrest ship at a distance of ± 5 m ahead. Analysis of Pblevel is measured at a wavelength of 217 nm and Fe at a wavelength of 248.3 nm. Result shows thatPb levels at point A is 0.4869 mg/L, at point B is 0.5304, and at point C is 0.4869 while for the Felevels shows that at point A is 0.3073, at point B is 0.2652, and at point C is 0.2863. The range of theconcentration of Pb is between 0.4869 to 0.5304 mg/L. This concentration is higher when comparedwith the NAB Pb, 0.025 mg/L. Furthermore, the range of the concentration of Fe is from 0.2652 to0.3073 mg/L. Similarly to Pb result above, this concentration is higher when compared with the NABFe, 0.01 mg /L.
Achieving a low carbon transition in Japan, the role of motor vehicle lifetime
Authors: Kagawa Shigemi , Nishijima Daisuke , Nakamoto Yuya
Published: February 2017

In order to achieve climate change mitigation goals, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Japan’s household sector is critical. Accomplishing a transition to low carbon and energy efficient consumer goods is particularly valuable as a policy tool for reducing emissions in the residential sector. This case study presents an analysis of the lifetime of personal vehicles in Japan, and considers the optimal scenario in terms of retention and disposal, specifically as it relates to GHG emissions. Using data from Japan, the case study shows the critical importance of including whole-of-life energy and carbon calculations when assessing the contributions that new technologies can make towards low carbon mobility transitions. While energy-efficiency gains are important, replacing technologies can overlook the energy and carbon embedded in the production phase. Without this perspective, policy designed to reduce GHG emissions may result in increased emissions and further exacerbate global climate change.
Optimising Low Carbon Mobility for Health and Equity
Authors: Macmillan Alex , Mackie Hamish
Published: February 2017

In modern human habitats, the places people reside and the goods, services and people that contribute to their wellbeing are often separated geographically, and transport options confer a health benefit by enabling access. The notion that access for equitable human wellbeing is the purpose of a transport system challenges the current neoliberal transport policy discourse, dominated by a perceived need to move goods, capital and labour for economic growth. In this chapter, we focus on low carbon transitions for land transport in cities that can also promote wellbeing and improve social justice, especially in cities that are currently dominated by the use of private motor vehicles for most trips. We critically review the links between land transport and health using a broad public health framework, arguing that policy processes need to account for complex dynamics and model a wider range of future outcomes in analysis of costs and benefits. Further, that these processes must involve the communities whose transport patterns are expected to change. We provide two real world examples of these principles in action from Auckland, New Zealand, a city with 60 years of urban planning predicated on universal car ownership and use.
Low Carbon Mobility, Urgent futures and radical transitions
Authors: Higham James , Hopkins Debbie
Published: February 2017

More people than ever before are moving more frequently and at accelerating speeds, often for shorter periods of time. These mobilities are largely dependent on unsustainable high-carbon technologies. The continued and accelerating growth of transportation emissions is attributed to changing mobility patterns among the high emitters of hypermobile developed societies, combined with the rapid development of high carbon intensity transport systems in emerging economies. Mitigation of transport emissions remains largely absent from the political agenda, despite growing recognition of the urgent need to address transportation emissions, because it is fundamentally incompatible with neoliberal ideals. The level of decarbonisation required to align regional and global transportation systems with the agreed targets of the Paris Climate Agreement (2015) has proved to be a particularly acute challenge. The Agreement recognises that radical and system-wide transitions toward low carbon mobility are urgently required. It is critically important that the varied social, cultural and geographic contexts of low carbon mobility transitions that are identified in Low Carbon Mobility Transitions are taken up and acted upon to inform the low carbon mobility transformations that are so obviously and urgently required. These insights must inform efforts to ensure the full accountability of transportation emissions, and to ensure that the INDCs that are outlined in the Paris Climate Agreement (2015) are upheld and achieved in full measure.
Early 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H3N2): I-MOVE multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels in Europe
Authors: Kissling Esther , Rondy Marc ,   I-MOVE/I-MOVE+ study team
Published: February 2017

We measured early 2016/17 season influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) in Europe using multicentre case control studies at primary care and hospital levels. IVE at primary care level was 44.1%, 46.9% and 23.4% among 0–14, 15–64 and ≥ 65 year-olds, and 25.7% in the influenza vaccination target group. At hospital level, IVE was 2.5%, 7.9% and 2.4% among ≥ 65, 65–79 and ≥ 80 year-olds. As in previous seasons, we observed suboptimal IVE against influenza A(H3N2).
Spatial Analysis of Cob-Douglas Production Function in Agriculture Sector of Nepal: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Sharma Wagle Thakur Prasad
Published: February 2017

This paper examines use of the Cob-Douglas production function on the agricultural production in various space and dimensions. The objective of this study is to investigate the logical relationship between production and expenditure as well as labour. This research is to develop aunorthodox model for production function in Nepal. Analysis of the basic model used for estimation, estimates of elasticity of substitution equation on National agricultural panel data from economic survey (1983/84 – 2013/14) in averages. The empirical regression reveals that, sum of the regression coefficients is less than unity i.e., 0.976. So, system is less efficient or ‘diminishing return to scale. In fact, for every 100 percent of inputs increases (agriculture expenditure and labour) we can expect only 97.60 percent of output (GDP contribution from agriculture). This is a less efficient trend of the agriculture production in developing country like Nepal. It is clear to see that the Checking results consistency with theory and Robustness of the conclusion.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, Page: 104-114
Pre-Purchase Behavior of Consumer with Reference to Car in Nepal
Authors: Neupane Surendra
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pre purchase behavior of car consumers in Nepal. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, a sample of 400 consumers were taken by using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. Both primary and secondary data were explored and analyzed through descriptive analysis. From the analysis, it was concluded that the respondents owned a car as a necessity item, they had a cause need to manage money for time gap between car purchase and need assessment, friends and relatives were the primary source of information. Consumers paying more attention to relevant factors before deciding the brand such as pre purchase search, reference group and self opinion.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol. 3, No. 2, 2016, Page: 138-146
Impact Study on Power Generation from Photovoltaic System due to Change in Local Irradiance and Temperature at Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Manish , Bhattarai Nawraj
Published: February 2017

Solar Photovoltaic system has become popular among the renewable energy due to free availability and low maintenance costs. Economically, the decreasing cost from continuous development adds another motive for the use of photovoltaic system. There has been a continuous study regarding the estimation on output of the photovoltaic system, in normal operating conditions. The output is subject to variations due to various environmental factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate how Design of Experiments (DoE) Method is used to model the impact of meteorological data on the electric power generated by the photovoltaic system. In this paper, the simulation and experiment based analysis has been presented and the degree of impact of irradiance and temperature on the output power of the photovoltaic module has been illustrated.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 1-9
Variability of Solar UV Index in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Niranjan Prasad
Published: February 2017

The paper presents the variability of solar UV index in main cities of Nepal. The latitude and longitude of the cities are (27.72°N, 85.32°E), ( 28.22°N, 83.32°E) and (26.45°N 87.27°E) are located at an elevation of 1350m, 800m and 72m respectively from the sea level. The NILU- UV irradiance meter of serial number (135, 137 and 133) was used to record UV radiation on these stations.  From the measurement and data analysis it was found that there were distinct diurnal, hourly mean and spring variations in the UV index. The UV index is primarily controlled by solar zenith angle for both the diurnal and seasonal variations. The highest values of hourly mean UV index was found at noon time in all seasons. Atmospheric parameters such as Solar Zenith angle (SZA), Cloud cover, aerosols  and Ozone contribute to the daily fuctuations in the UV Index. The UV Index was found to be 8.72, 9.9 and 9.2 in June 9, in Kathmandu (KTM), Pokhara (PKR) and Biratnagar (BRT).While the UV Index (UVI) in September 27 was found to be 8.52, 8.18 and 9.36 in KTM, PKR and BRT respectively. Daily mean highest UV Index before monsoon at PKR was found to be 10.6 and 8.98 at day number 144 and 100.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 114-119
Erratum: Ghasemi, M., et al. The Evaluation of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid on Physiological Characteristics, Proline and Essential Oil Content of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions. Agriculture 2016, 6, 31
Authors: Ghasemi Mojtaba , Modarresi Mohammad , Jelodar Nadali , Bagheri Nadali , Jamali Abbas
Published: February 2017

The authors wish to make the following corrections to their paper [...]
Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms
Authors: Acosta-Motos Jose , Ortuño Maria , Bernal-Vicente Agustina , Diaz-Vivancos Pedro , Sanchez-Blanco Maria , Hernandez Jose
Published: February 2017

This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and in the chlorophyll content in addition to changes in the leaf anatomy that ultimately lead to preventing leaf ion toxicity, thus maintaining the water status in order to limit water loss and protect the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, we deal with the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and some of the mechanisms thought to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway, and water-water cycle. Finally, we also provide an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. The aim is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants.
Dielectric and Impedance Analysis on the Electrical Response of Lead-Free Ba1−xCaxTi0.9Zr0.1O3 Ceramics at High Temperature Range
Authors: Reyes-Montero Armando , Ramos-Alvarez Paola , González Amador , López-Juárez Rigoberto , Villafuerte-Castrejón María
Published: February 2017

Ba1−xCaxTi0.9Zr0.1O3 (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.18) solid solutions were synthesized by the conventional solid-state method. A perovskite-type structure was determined using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The addition of Ca2+ reduced the grain size (22.6, 17.9 and 13.3 μm, respectively) for all well-sintered ceramics (≈98%). Moreover, the stability temperature ranges for the tetragonal phase were promoted by displacing the ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase’s transition temperatures while TC was maintained (86 °C). The electrical performance of the material improved as the stoichiometric composition was positioned near the morphotropic phase boundary (x = 0.15): εr ≈ 16,500 (TC) at 1 kHz. For T > TC, a thermally activated relaxation process occurred. In addition, the bulk and grain boundary processes were responsible for the conduction mechanisms. The composition x = 0.15 showed an activation energy of Ea = 1.49 eV with a maximum conductivity of σmax = 2.48 × 10−2 S·cm−1 at 580 °C. Systematic studies at high temperature for dielectric properties were accomplished for analyzing electrical inhomogeneities associated with the grain, grain boundaries or surfaces, which are important for device design and a fundamental electrical characterization.
Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent
Authors: Kowalski Karol , Król Jan , Bańkowski Wojciech , Radziszewski Piotr , Sarnowski Michał
Published: February 2017

Environment conservation and diminishing natural resources caused an increase in popularity of the application of renewable bio-origin resources for the construction of road pavement. Currently, there are known additions of bio-origin materials for bitumen modification. Such material is also used as a flux additive for bitumen or as a rejuvenator once working with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This paper presents research dealing with asphalt mixtures with RAP modified with a bio-agent of rapeseed origin. The main idea of the conducted research was to apply more RAP content directly to the batch mix plant without extra RAP heating. The RAP used in this study was milled from a base asphalt layer; the addition of RAP stiffens new asphalt mixtures. A bio-agent, due to its fluxing action, was used to support the asphalt mixing process and to decrease the over-stiffening of the mixture caused by RAP addition. This research includes bitumen and mixture tests. For the bitumen study, three different bitumens (35/50, 50/70, and 70/100) were tested in a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for complex modulus G* and for phase angle |δ| in the temperature range 0–100 °C. The reference mixture and mixtures with 2.5% bio-agent were tested to assess the influence of RAP and the bio-agent addition on the asphalt mixture properties. Low temperature behavior (TSRST), stiffness, and fatigue resistance (4PB) were tested. Based on the bitumen test, it was determined that even a low rate of bio-agent (2.5%) beneficially changes bitumen properties at a low temperature; moreover, polymerization processes occurring in the second stage of the process improves bitumen properties at a high operational temperature. The research with these asphalt mixtures demonstrates that the bio-origin flux acts as a rejuvenator and allows for an application of 30% cold RAP. Thermal cracking resistance of the mixture with RAP and 2.5% bio-agent improved. The bio-agent removes unfavorable stiffening of RAP and increases the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture.
A Novel Preparation Method of Two Polymer Dyes with Low Cytotoxicity
Authors: Lv Dongjun , Zhang Mingjie , Cui Jin , Li Weixue , Zhu Guohua
Published: February 2017

A new preparation method of polymer dyes was developed to improve both the grafting degree of the azo dyes onto O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OMCS) and the water solubility of prepared polymer dyes. Firstly, the coupling compound of two azo edible colorants, sunset yellow (SY) and allura red (AR), was grafted onto OMCS, and then coupled with their diazonium salt. The chemical structure of prepared polymer dyes was determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR, and the results showed that the two azo dyes were successfully grafted onto OMCS. The grafting degree onto OMCS and the water solubility of polymer dyes were tested, and the results showed that they were both improved as expected. The UV-vis spectra analysis results showed that the prepared polymer dyes showed similar color performance with the original azo dyes. Eventually, the cytotoxicity of prepared polymer dyes was tested and compared with the original azo dyes by a cytotoxicity test on human liver cell lines LO2, and the results showed that their grafting onto OMCS significantly reduced the cytotoxicity.
Sterols from Thai Marine Sponge Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp. and Their Cytotoxicity
Authors: Pailee Phanruethai , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Somsak , Prachyawarakorn Vilailak
Published: February 2017

Eight new sterols (1–5 and 11–13), together with eight known compounds (6–10 and 14–16) were isolated from marine sponge Petrosia sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of some compounds against a panel of human cancer cell lines is also reported.