bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dataset of micro biodiversity in benthic sediment at a global scale
Authors: Sun Xumei , Jiang Danni , Shao Yina , Zhang Siyuan
Published: June 2023

Microorganisms, occupying the largest biomass in deep sea, play essential roles in deep-sea ecosystem. It is believed that the microbes in deep-sea sediments are more representative of deep-sea microbial communities, the microbial composition of which is seldom affected by ocean currents. However, the community of benthic microbes on a global scale has not been adequately explored. Herein, we build a comprehensive global dataset determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the biodiversity of microorganisms in benthic sediment. The dataset comprised 212 records from 106 sites, included sequencing of bacteria and archaea for each site and yielded 4,766,502 and 1,562,989 reads, respectively. Through annotation, a total of 110,073 and 15,795 OTUs of bacteria and archaea were obtained, and 61 bacterial phyla and 15 archaeal phyla were identified, of which the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Thaumarchaeota in deep-sea sediment. Therefore, our findings provided a biodiversity data of microbial communities in deep-sea sediment at global-scale and laid a foundation to further reveal the structures of microorganism communities in deep sea.
A computational approach to design a polyvalent vaccine against human respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Moin Abu Tayab , Ullah Md. Asad , Patil Rajesh B. , Faruqui Nairita Ahsan , Araf Yusha , Das Sowmen , Uddin Khaza Md. Kapil , Hossain Md. Shakhawat , Miah Md. Faruque , Moni Mohammad Ali , Chowdhury Dil Umme Salma , Islam Saiful
Published: June 2023

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), responsible for infecting people from all age groups—a majority of which comprises infants and children. Primarily, severe RSV infections are accountable for multitudes of deaths worldwide, predominantly of children, every year. Despite several efforts to develop a vaccine against RSV as a potential countermeasure, there has been no approved or licensed vaccine available yet, to control the RSV infection effectively. Therefore, through the utilization of immunoinformatics tools, a computational approach was taken in this study, to design a multi-epitope polyvalent vaccine against two major antigenic subtypes of RSV, RSV-A and RSV-B. Potential predictions of the T-cell and B-cell epitopes were followed by extensive tests of antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, conservancy, homology to human proteome, transmembrane topology, and cytokine-inducing ability. The peptide vaccine was modeled, refined, and validated. Molecular docking analysis with specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs) revealed excellent interactions with suitable global binding energies. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation ensured the stability of the docking interactions between the vaccine and TLRs. Mechanistic approaches to imitate and predict the potential immune response generated by the administration of vaccines were determined through immune simulations. Subsequent mass production of the vaccine peptide was evaluated; however, there remains a necessity for further in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate its efficacy against RSV infections.
Predicting the relationship between pesticide genotoxicity and breast cancer risk in South Indian women in in vitro and in vivo experiments
Authors: Sasikala S. , Minu Jenifer M. , Velavan K. , Sakthivel M. , Sivasamy R. , Fenwick Antony E. R.
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer is the third most common cancer in women after skin and lung cancer. Pesticides are of interest in etiologic studies of breast cancer because many pesticides mimic estrogen, a known breast cancer risk factor. In this study, we discerned the toxic role of the pesticides atrazine, dichlorvos, and endosulfan in inducing breast cancer. Various experimental studies, such as biochemical profiling of pesticide-exposed blood samples, comet assays, karyotyping analysis, pesticide and DNA interaction analysis by molecular docking, DNA cleavage, and cell viability assays, have been carried out. Biochemical profiling showed an increased level of blood sugar, WBC, hemoglobin, and blood urea in the patient exposed to pesticides for more than 15 years. The comet assay for DNA damage performed on patients exposed to pesticides and pesticide-treated blood samples revealed more DNA damage at the 50 ng concentration of all three pesticides. Karyotyping analysis showed enlargements in the heterochromatin region and 14pstk+, and 15pstk+in the exposed groups. In molecular docking analysis, atrazine had the highest glide score (− 5.936) and glide energy (− 28.690), which reveals relatively high binding capability with the DNA duplex. The DNA cleavage activity results showed that atrazine caused higher DNA cleavage than the other two pesticides. Cell viability was the lowest at 50 ng/ml (72 h). Statistical analysis performed using SPSS software unveiled a positive correlation (< 0.05) between pesticide exposure and breast cancer. Our findings support attempts to minimize pesticide exposure.
Drug resistance related genes in lung adenocarcinoma predict patient prognosis and influence the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yu Hui , Zhang Wenting , Xu Xian Rong , Chen Shengjie
Published: June 2023

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant type of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) with strong invasive ability and poor prognosis. The drug resistance related genes are potentially associated with prognosis of LUAD. Our research aimed to identify the drug resistance related genes and explore their potential prognostic value in LUAD patients. The data used in this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Firstly, we screened drug resistance related genes in LUAD by differential gene analysis, univariate Cox regression and drug sensitivity analyses. Subsequently, we constructed a risk score model using LASSO Cox regression analysis, and verified whether the risk score can predict the survival of LUAD patients independent of other factors. Moreover, we explored the immune infiltration of 22 immune cells between high-risk and low-risk patients. Totally 10 drug-resistance positively related genes (PLEK2, TFAP2A, KIF20A, S100P, GDF15, HSPB8, SASH1, WASF3, LAMA3 and TCN1) were identified in LUAD. The risk score model of LUAD constructed with these 10 genes could reliably predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. 18 pathways were significantly activated in high-risk group compared with low-risk group. In addition, the infiltration proportion of multiple immune cells was significantly different between high-risk and low-risk groups, and the proportion of M1 phagocytes was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group. The drug resistance related genes (PLEK2, TFAP2A, KIF20A, S100P, GDF15, HSPB8, SASH1, WASF3, LAMA3 and TCN1) could predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. Clarifying the roles and mechanisms of these 10 genes in regulating drug resistance in LUAD will help to improve individualized clinical treatment protocols and predict patient sensitivity to treatment.
The impact of small-scale green infrastructure on the affective wellbeing associated with urban sites
Authors: Navarrete-Hernandez Pablo , Laffan Kate
Published: June 2023

The largest public space in any city is its streets. Investments which incorporate small-scale green infrastructure into streetscapes can bring more nature into the lives of urban residents worldwide, including those living in even the most economically and spatially constraint places. However, little is known about the impact of such small-scale investments on urban residents’ affective perceptions of their local environments and how to design these investments to maximise their positive impacts. In the current study, we use photo simulation techniques and an adapted form of the Positive and Negative Affective Schedule to examine the impact of small-scale green infrastructure interventions on the affective perceptions of low, middle and high-income sites in Santiago Chile. Our results, based on 62,478 reports of affective perceptions from 3,472 people, indicate that green infrastructure investments can both promote positive affect and, to a lesser, but still substantial extent reduce negative affect. The magnitudes of these relationships vary across discrete affective measures and for many of these measures, both positive and negative, a minimum of 16% increase in green coverage is required to see an impact. Finally, we find people associated lower affect with low, compared to middle and high, income sites but that these affective inequalities can be addressed, at least in part, through green infrastructure interventions.
Remodeling of the focal adhesion complex by hydrogen-peroxide-induced senescence
Authors: Grandy Carolin , Port Fabian , Radzinski Meytal , Singh Karmveer , Erz Dorothee , Pfeil Jonas , Reichmann Dana , Gottschalk Kay-Eberhard
Published: June 2023

Cellular senescence is a phenotype characterized by cessation of cell division, which can be caused by exhaustive replication or environmental stress. It is involved in age-related pathophysiological conditions and affects both the cellular cytoskeleton and the prime cellular mechanosensors, focal adhesion complexes. While the size of focal adhesions increases during senescence, it is unknown if and how this is accompanied by a remodeling of the internal focal adhesion structure. Our study uses metal-induced energy transfer to study the axial dimension of focal adhesion proteins from oxidative-stress-induced senescent cells with nanometer precision, and compares these to unstressed cells. We influenced cytoskeletal tension and the functioning of mechanosensitive ion channels using drugs and studied the combined effect of senescence and drug intervention on the focal adhesion structure. We found that H2O2-induced restructuring of the focal adhesion complex indicates a loss of tension and altered talin complexation. Mass spectroscopy-based proteomics confirmed the differential regulation of several cytoskeletal proteins induced by H2O2 treatment.
Optimized testing strategy for the diagnosis of GAA-FGF14 ataxia/spinocerebellar ataxia 27B
Authors: Bonnet Céline , Pellerin David , Roth Virginie , Clément Guillemette , Wandzel Marion , Lambert Laëtitia , Frismand Solène , Douarinou Marian , Grosset Anais , Bekkour Ines , Weber Frédéric , Girardier Florent , Robin Clément , Cacciatore Stéphanie , Bronner Myriam , Pourié Carine , Dreumont Natacha , Puisieux Salomé , Iruzubieta Pablo , Dicaire Marie-Josée , Evoy François , Rioux Marie-France , Hocquel Armand , La Piana Roberta , Synofzik Matthis , Houlden Henry , Danzi Matt C. , Zuchner Stephan , Brais Bernard , Renaud Mathilde
Published: June 2023

Dominantly inherited GAA repeat expansions in FGF14 are a common cause of spinocerebellar ataxia (GAA-FGF14 ataxia; spinocerebellar ataxia 27B). Molecular confirmation of FGF14 GAA repeat expansions has thus far mostly relied on long-read sequencing, a technology that is not yet widely available in clinical laboratories. We developed and validated a strategy to detect FGF14 GAA repeat expansions using long-range PCR, bidirectional repeat-primed PCRs, and Sanger sequencing. We compared this strategy to targeted nanopore sequencing in a cohort of 22 French Canadian patients and next validated it in a cohort of 53 French index patients with unsolved ataxia. Method comparison showed that capillary electrophoresis of long-range PCR amplification products significantly underestimated expansion sizes compared to nanopore sequencing (slope, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81 to 0.93]; intercept, 14.58 [95% CI, − 2.48 to 31.12]) and gel electrophoresis (slope, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97]; intercept, 21.34 [95% CI, − 27.66 to 40.22]). The latter techniques yielded similar size estimates. Following calibration with internal controls, expansion size estimates were similar between capillary electrophoresis and nanopore sequencing (slope: 0.98 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.04]; intercept: 10.62 [95% CI, − 7.49 to 27.71]), and gel electrophoresis (slope: 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09]; intercept: 18.81 [95% CI, − 41.93 to 39.15]). Diagnosis was accurately confirmed for all 22 French Canadian patients using this strategy. We also identified 9 French patients (9/53; 17%) and 2 of their relatives who carried an FGF14 (GAA)≥250 expansion. This novel strategy reliably detected and sized FGF14 GAA expansions, and compared favorably to long-read sequencing.
Vortex structure in Wigner molecules
Authors: Thakur Tanmay , Szafran Bartłomiej
Published: June 2023

We study clusters of vortices for Wigner molecules formed in the laboratory frame induced by anisotropy of the external potential or electron effective mass. For anisotropic systems the ground-state vortex structure undergoes a continuous evolution when the magnetic field is varied in contrast to isotropic systems where it changes rapidly at angular momentum transitions. In fractional quantum Hall conditions the additional vortices first appear on the edges of the confined system far from the axis of a linear Wigner molecule and then approach the electron positions in growing magnetic field. For an isotropic mass the vortices tend to stay at the line perpendicular to the Wigner molecule axis and pass to the axis for the lowest Landau level filling factor of $$\nu \simeq \frac{1}{5}$$

ν
≃

1
5

. In phosphorene the behaviour of the vortices is influenced by a strong anisotropy of the electron effective mass. The vortices are stabilized off the axis of the molecule when it is oriented along the armchair crystal direction. For the molecule oriented along the zigzag direction the vortices are transfered to the molecule axis already at $$\nu \simeq \frac{1}{3}$$

ν
≃

1
3

. The transfer is associated with an antivortex creation and annihilation near the electron position.
Changes in plasticity of the pelvic girdle from infancy to late adulthood in Homo sapiens
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria
Published: June 2023

Previous research on the effects of body mass on the pelvic girdle focused mostly on adult females and males. Because the ontogenetic plasticity level in the pelvis remains largely unknown, this study investigated how the association between body mass index (BMI) and pelvic shape changes during development. It also assessed how the large variation in pelvic shape could be explained by the number of live births in females. Data included CT scans of 308 humans from infancy to late adulthood with known age, sex, body mass, body stature, and the number of live births (for adult females). 3D reconstruction and geometric morphometrics was used to analyze pelvic shape. Multivariate regression showed a significant association between BMI and pelvic shape in young females and old males. The association between the number of live births and pelvic shape in females was not significant. Less plasticity in pelvic shape in adult females than during puberty, perhaps reflects adaptation to support the abdominopelvic organs and the fetus during pregnancy. Non-significant susceptibility to BMI in young males may reflect bone maturation accelerated by excessive body mass. Hormonal secretion and biomechanical loading associated with pregnancy may not have a long-term effect on the pelvic morphology of females.
The longer-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on wellbeing and subjective cognitive functioning of older adults in Belgium
Authors: De Pue Sarah , Gillebert Céline , Dierckx Eva , Van den Bussche Eva
Published: June 2023

In earlier survey research, we observed a severe impact of the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic on the subjective wellbeing, sleep and activity of adults aged 65 years or older in Flanders, Belgium. The impact on subjective cognitive functioning, however, was limited. Since then, periods of lockdown and periods with less strict regulations alternated, but social distancing remained, especially for older adults. To study the longer-term impact of the pandemic on wellbeing and subjective cognitive functioning, we re-assessed the older adults from the first measurement moment (May–June 2020) in a second (June–July 2020) and third (December 2020) wave of the survey (n = 371, M = 72 years old, range 65–97 years old). Results indicated that wellbeing fluctuated with the severity of the pandemic. Results for self-reported cognitive functioning were mixed. While participants indicated a slightly better general subjective cognitive functioning at the end of the study, experienced problems with most cognitive subdomains significantly increased over time. The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were related to the longer-term impact of the pandemic on wellbeing and subjective cognitive functioning. Our study shows the long-lasting impact of the pandemic on the wellbeing and subjective cognitive functioning of older adults, without full recovery from the first wave.
Landscape-level variability and insect herbivore outbreak captured within modern forests provides a framework for interpreting the fossil record
Authors: Azevedo-Schmidt Lauren , Swain Anshuman , Shoemaker Lauren G. , Currano Ellen D.
Published: June 2023

Temporal patterns of plant–insect interactions are readily observed within fossil datasets but spatial variability is harder to disentangle without comparable modern methods due to limitations in preservation. This is problematic as spatial variability influences community structure and interactions. To address this we replicated paleobotanical methods within three modern forests, creating an analogous dataset that rigorously tested inter- and intra-forest plant–insect variability. Random mixed effects models, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations, and bipartite network- and node-level metrics were used. Total damage frequency and diversity did not differ across forests but differences in functional feeding groups (FFGs) were observed across forests, correlating with plant diversity, evenness, and latitude. Overall, we found higher generalized herbivory within the temperate forests than the wet-tropical, a finding also supported by co-occurrence and network analyses at multiple spatial scales. Intra-forest analyses captured consistent damage type communities, supporting paleobotanical efforts. Bipartite networks captured the feeding outbreak of Lymantria dispar caterpillars; an exciting result as insect outbreaks have long been unidentifiable within fossil datasets. These results support paleobotanical assumptions about fossil insect herbivore communities, provide a comparative framework between paleobotanical and modern communities, and suggest a new analytical framework for targeting modern and fossil outbreaks of insect feeding.
Spectrochemical analysis of blood combined with chemometric techniques for detecting osteosarcopenia
Authors: da Silva Tales Gomes , Morais Camilo L. M. , Santos Marfran C. D. , de Lima Leomir A. S. , de Medeiros Freitas Raysa Vanessa , Guerra Ricardo Oliveira , Lima Kássio M. G.
Published: June 2023

Among several complications related to physiotherapy, osteosarcopenia is one of the most frequent in elderly patients. This condition is limiting and quite harmful to the patient’s health by disabling several basic musculoskeletal activities. Currently, the test to identify this health condition is complex. In this study, we use mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques to identify osteosarcopenia based on blood serum samples. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid-infrared spectroscopy power to detect osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling older women (n = 62, 30 from patients with osteosarcopenia and 32 healthy controls). Feature reduction and selection techniques were employed in conjunction with discriminant analysis, where a principal component analysis with support vector machines (PCA–SVM) model achieved 89% accuracy to distinguish the samples from patients with osteosarcopenia. This study shows the potential of using infrared spectroscopy of blood samples to identify osteosarcopenia in a simple, fast and objective way.
Fast and accurate object detector for autonomous driving based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Jia Xiang , Tong Ying , Qiao Hongming , Li Man , Tong Jiangang , Liang Baoling
Published: June 2023

Autonomous driving is an important branch of artificial intelligence, and real-time and accurate object detection is key to ensuring the safe and stable operation of autonomous vehicles. To this end, this paper proposes a fast and accurate object detector for autonomous driving based on improved YOLOv5. First, the YOLOv5 algorithm is improved by using structural re-parameterization (Rep), enhancing the accuracy and speed of the model through training-inference decoupling. Additionally, the neural architecture search method is introduced to cut redundant branches in the multi-branch re-parameterization module during the training phase, which ameliorates the training efficiency and accuracy. Finally, a small object detection layer is added to the network and the coordinate attention mechanism is added to all detection layers to improve the recognition rate of the model for small vehicles and pedestrians. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method on the KITTI dataset reaches 96.1%, and the FPS reaches 202, which is superior to many current mainstream algorithms and effectively improves the accuracy and real-time performance of unmanned driving object detection.
Ectopic ATP synthase stimulates the secretion of extracellular vesicles in cancer cells
Authors: Kao Yi-Chun , Chang Yi-Wen , Lai Charles P. , Chang Nai-Wen , Huang Chen-Hao , Chen Chien-Sheng , Huang Hsuan-Cheng , Juan Hsueh-Fen
Published: June 2023

Abstarct

Ectopic ATP synthase on the plasma membrane (eATP synthase) has been found in various cancer types and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, whether it provides a functional role in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, quantitative proteomics reveals that cancer cells under starvation stress express higher eATP synthase and enhance the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are vital regulators within the tumor microenvironment. Further results show that eATP synthase generates extracellular ATP to stimulate EV secretion by enhancing P2X7 receptor–triggered Ca2+ influx. Surprisingly, eATP synthase is also located on the surface of tumor-secreted EVs. The EVs-surface eATP synthase increases the uptake of tumor-secreted EVs in Jurkat T-cells via association with Fyn, a plasma membrane protein found in immune cells. The eATP synthase-coated EVs uptake subsequently represses the proliferation and cytokine secretion of Jurkat T-cells. This study clarifies the role of eATP synthase on EV secretion and its influence on immune cells.
Mass transport and charge transfer through an electrified interface between metallic lithium and solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Katzenmeier Leon , Gößwein Manuel , Carstensen Leif , Sterzinger Johannes , Ederer Michael , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Gagliardi Alessio , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: June 2023

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries are one of the most promising energy storage devices for future automotive applications as high energy density metallic Li anodes can be safely used. However, introducing solid-state electrolytes needs a better understanding of the forming electrified electrode/electrolyte interface to facilitate the charge and mass transport through it and design ever-high-performance batteries. This study investigates the interface between metallic lithium and solid-state electrolytes. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, we detected the formation of the space charge depletion layers even in the presence of metallic Li. That is counterintuitive and has been a subject of intense debate in recent years. Using impedance measurements, we obtain key parameters characterizing these layers and, with the help of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, construct a comprehensive model of the systems to gain insights into the mass transport and the underlying mechanisms of charge accumulation, which is crucial for developing high-performance solid-state batteries.
Explicit and tacit knowledge have diverging urban growth patterns
Authors: Li Linzhuo , Zhao Nannan
Published: June 2023

This article utilizes an online job recruitment dataset of more than 4.6 million jobs in China to examine the urban scaling patterns of explicit and tacit knowledge. Knowledge complexity is considered essential for economic development and innovation, and recent studies find complex economic activities of many fields concentrate more in large cities. However, it remains unclear whether the urban concentration tendency would differ by explicit and tacit knowledge, given the latter is often argued as the hard core knowledge more difficult to transfer. We measure explicit/tacit knowledge in job descriptions regarding education/experience requirements. Our analysis reveals that knowledge of different natures differs to a great extent in their property of urban concentration. Specifically, jobs requiring greater explicit knowledge show higher urban scaling rates. This, however, is not true for tacit knowledge, as it demonstrates the exact opposite pattern. Our findings suggest that while cities are centers of knowledge and innovation, the engines of continued growth tend to become more biased towards explicit rather than know-how knowledge.
Degradation of floodplain integrity within the contiguous United States
Authors: Morrison Ryan R. , Simonson Kira , McManamay Ryan A. , Carver Dan
Published: June 2023

Despite the numerous hydrological, geological, and ecological benefits produced by floodplain landscapes, floodplains continue to be degraded by human activities at a much higher rate than other landscape types. This large-scale landscape modification has been widely recognized, yet a comprehensive, national dataset quantifying the degree to which human activities are responsible for this degradation has not previously been evaluated. In this research, we analyze floodplain integrity for the contiguous United States by spatially quantifying the impact of anthropogenic stressors on almost 80,000 floodplain units. We demonstrate the prevalence of human modifications through widely available geospatial datasets, which we use to quantify indicators of floodplain integrity for five essential floodplain functions of flood attenuation, groundwater storage, habitat provision, sediment regulation, and organics and solute regulation. Our results show that floodplain degradation is spatially heterogeneous and that the integrity of nearly 70% of floodplains in the United States is poor. We highlight that quantifying the integrity of spatially explicit floodplain elements can allow for restoration efforts to be targeted to the areas in most desperate need of preservation.
Neoproterozoic reorganization of the Circum- Mozambique orogens and growth of megacontinent Gondwana
Authors: Wang Chao , Jing Xian-qing , Meert Joseph G.
Published: June 2023

The serpentine orogenic belts that formed during the Neoproterozoic assembly of Gondwana resulted in geodynamic changes on the planet in advance of the Cambrian radiation. The details of Gondwana assembly associated with the closure of the Mozambique Ocean are enigmatic. We compile published geological and paleomagnetic data to argue that the Tarim block was associated with the Azania and Afif–Abas–Lhasa terranes and they were the locus of long-lived Andean-type subduction during the ~900–650 Ma interval. Our model suggests a subduction system reorganization between 750-720 Ma, which resulted in two distinct phases of Mozambique ocean evolution. Between 870-750 Ma, a N-S oriented subduction system marks the locus of ocean crust consumption driven by the extension of the Mozambique Ocean. Beginning ~720 Ma, a newly developed ~E-W oriented subduction system began to consume the Mozambique Ocean and led to the assembly of eastern Gondwana. Our new reconstruction uses true polar wander to constrain the relative paleolongitude of Tarim, South China and West Africa. In this scenario, the closure of the Mozambique Ocean and formation of Gondwana was orthogonal to the preceding supercontinent Rodinia.
Interface property–functionality interplay suppresses bimolecular recombination facilitating above 18% efficiency organic solar cells embracing simplistic fabrication
Authors: Dela Peña Top Archie , Ma Ruijie , Xing Zengshan , Wei Qi , Khan Jafar I. , Young Ryan Michael , Hai Yulong , Garcia Sheena Anne , Zou Xinhui , Jin Zijing , Ng Fai Lun , Yeung King Lun , Swearer Dayne F. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Wang Jiannong , Cha Hyojung , Yan He , Wong Kam Sing , Li Gang , Li Mingjie , Wu Jiaying
Published: June 2023

The donor/acceptor interface properties play vital roles not only for singlet exciton dissociation but also to suppress the free charge recombination enabling state-of-the-art device fill factors (FFs).
C–H functionalization of pyridines
Authors: Maity Susmita , Bera Asish , Bhattacharjya Ayantika , Maity Pradip
Published: June 2023

This review discusses known approaches for selective pyridine C–H editing, focusing on recent discoveries uniquely suited to pyridines.
Direct reductive amination of functionalized aldehydes with aniline derivatives of purines and 7-deazapurines
Authors: Orduña José-María , del Río Natalia , Pérez-Pérez María-Jesús
Published: June 2023

Monosubstituted aniline derivatives of (7-deaza)purines have been efficiently synthesized through reductive amination of diversely functionalized aldehydes, including N-Boc protected derivatives.
Nanoscale carbon dot-embedded metal–organic framework for turn-on fluorescence detection of water in organic solvents
Authors: Wiwasuku Theanchai , Suebphanpho Jitti , Ittisanronnachai Somlak , Promarak Vinich , Boonmak Jaursup , Youngme Sujittra
Published: June 2023

We develop an easy-to-use, highly selective, and real-time smartphone-based quantitative test to monitor the water content in organic solvents utilizing CDs@HKUST-1.
Green solvents, materials, and lead-free semiconductors for sustainable fabrication of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Podapangi Suresh K. , Jafarzadeh Farshad , Mattiello Sara , Korukonda Tulja Bhavani , Singh Akash , Beverina Luca , Brown Thomas M.
Published: June 2023

This review discusses the use of green and environment-friendly methods for fabricating perovskite solar cells (PSCs), including non-toxic solvents and lead-free alternatives.
Recovery of tetrodotoxin from pufferfish viscera extract by amine-functionalized magnetic nanocomposites
Authors: Tran Dang Thuan , Do Cam Van T. , Dinh Cuc T. , Dang Mai T. , Le Ho Khanh Hy , Le Truong Giang , Dao Viet Ha
Published: June 2023

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) has been widely used in pharmacology, food poisoning analysis, therapeutic use, and neurobiology.
Surface modified nanoparticles and their applications for enantioselective detection, analysis, and separation of various chiral compounds
Authors: Susanti  , Riswoko Asep , Laksmono Joddy Arya , Widiyarti Galuh , Hermawan Dadan
Published: June 2023

The combination of surface-modified nanomaterials and chiral selectors can improve enantioselective recognition with a significant influence on the performance of enantioselective detection, analysis, and separation.
Twist-angle-dependent momentum-space direct and indirect interlayer excitons in WSe2/WS2 heterostructure
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Yue Xiaofei , Shan Yabing , Wang Huishan , Han Jinkun , Wang Haomin , Sheng Chenxu , Hu Laigui , Liu Ran , Yang Weihuang , Qiu Zhi-Jun , Cong Chunxiao
Published: June 2023

Under specific twist angles, the regulation of direct (indirect) interlayer excitons is realized by applying an external electric field.
Massively synthesizable nickel-doped 1T-MoS2 nanosheet catalyst as an efficient tri-functional catalyst
Authors: Choi Yusong , Ahn Tae-Young , Kim Ji-Youn , Lee Eun Hye , Yu Hye-Ryeon
Published: June 2023

A nickel (Ni)-doped 1T-MoS2 catalyst, an efficient tri-functional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst, was massively synthesized at high pressure (over 15 bar).
Adsorption and sensing mechanisms of Ni-doped PtTe2 monolayer upon NO2 and O3 in air-insulated switchgears
Authors: Xu Zhuoli
Published: June 2023

Under partial discharge, air would be converted into O3 and NO2 in air-insulated switchgears, therefore, the detection of such two gases can be used to evaluate the operation status of such electrical equipment.
K2CO3-promoted synthesis of amides from 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanones and amines under mild conditions
Authors: Zhong Pinyong , Wang Yu-Chao , Liu Jin-Biao , Zhang Linjun , Luo Nianhua
Published: June 2023

A base-promoted amidation of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanones with aminesviaHaller–Bauer reaction has been developed. This reaction directly transforms aryl trifluoroethanone into amides without the use of stoichiometric chemical oxidants or transition-metal catalysts.
Hydrolysis of anhydrosugars derived from pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for integration in a biorefinery
Authors: Ghosh Arpa , Brown Jessica L. , Smith Ryan G. , Brown Robert C.
Published: June 2023

A mild acid hydrolysis process is developed for upgrading of the anhydrosugars of bio-oil heavy ends into bio-ethanol with high compatibility with downstream separation and fermentation of sugars in a pyrolysis based biorefinery.
What defines the perovskite solar cell efficiency and stability: fullerene-based ETL structure or film morphology?
Authors: Elnaggar Mohamed M. , Mumyatov Alexander V. , Emelianov Nikita A. , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Ozerova Victoria V. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Ramachandran Bala R. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: June 2023

A study of fullerene derivatives as electron-transport materials for perovskite solar cells revealed that their crystal structures affect charge transport and device efficiency, while the operational stability is governed by the film uniformity.
Geometric confinement guides topological defect pairings and emergent flow in nematic cell populations
Authors: Ienaga Ryo , Beppu Kazusa , Maeda Yusuke T.
Published: June 2023

Geometric constraints control the placement of topological defects, inward collective motion, and nucleus shape in nematic cell populations.
Kinetics of evaporation of colloidal dispersion drops on inclined surfaces
Authors: Hariharan Sankar , Thampi Sumesh P. , Basavaraj Madivala G.
Published: June 2023

Colloidal dispersion drops dried on inclined substrates leave asymmetric coffee-ring deposits.
Oxygen-vacancy rich IrxMo1−xOy nanofibers for oxygen evolution reaction: excellent pH-universal and electrolyte-concentration-independent catalytic activity
Authors: Ahn Sung Hwa , Jin Dasol , Lee Chongmok , Lee Youngmi
Published: June 2023

Oxygen vacancy-defective Ir–Mo mixed oxide (Ir0.43Mo0.57O2) nanofibers exhibited exceptional pH-universal and electrolyte-concentration-independent performance in oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Quercetin@Gd3+ doped Prussian blue nanocubes induce the pyroptotic death of MDA-MB-231 cells: combinational targeted multimodal therapy, dual modal MRI, intuitive modelling of r1–r2 relaxivities
Authors: Sahoo Panchanan , Jana Pulak , Kundu Sudip , Mishra Snehasis , Chattopadhyay Krishnananda , Mukherjee Abhishek , Ghosh Chandan Kumar
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report on the design and synthesis and evaluation of relaxivities, PTT, PDT effects of Gd3+ doped PBNC. Our results yield significant increase of relaxometric parameters benefiting MRI diagnosis and finally theranostic activities of Qu encapsulated have been tested.
The classification method based on evolutionary algorithm for high‐dimensional imbalanced missing data
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Gengsong , Li Xiang , Qin Wei , Zheng Qibin , Ren Xiaoguang
Published: June 2023

High dimensional imbalanced missing data classification is a challenging and complex problem that traditional algorithms struggle to solve effectively. To address this issue, a novel method is proposed, named the hybrid classification approach based on particle swarm optimization (HCPSO). HCPSO integrates ideas of feature selection, resampling and imputation, and breaks particles down into three parts. These parts represent the feature values, probabilities of resampling, and probabilities of imputation approaches, respectively. Moreover, HCPSO employs particle swarm optimization to optimize these parameters simultaneously to take advantage of these methods. Six types of algorithms, eleven datasets, and four performance indicators are used to evaluate our method. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in HCPSO's performance, with an average improvement of 13.02%, 18.95%, 20.25%, and 28.63% for accuracy, F1, AUC, and Gmean, respectively, compared to all other methods. Furthermore, the experiments also demonstrate the robustness of HCPSO.
Traveling kink oscillations of coronal loops launched by a solar flare
Authors: Li Dong , Bai Xianyong , Tian Hui , Su Jiangtao , Hou Zhenyong , Deng Yuanyong , Ji Kaifan , Ning Zongjun
Published: June 2023

Context. Kink oscillations, which are often associated with magnetohydrodynamic waves, are usually identified as transverse displacement oscillations of loop-like structures. However, the traveling kink oscillation evolving to a standing wave has rarely been reported.

Aims. We investigate the traveling kink oscillation triggered by a solar flare on 2022 September 29. The traveling kink wave is then evolved to a standing kink oscillation of the coronal loop.

Methods. The observational data mainly come from the Solar Upper Transition Region Imager (SUTRI), Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX). In order to accurately identify the diffuse coronal loops, we applied a multi-Gaussian normalization (MGN) image processing technique to the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) image sequences at SUTRI 465 Å, AIA 171 Å, and 193 Å. A sine function within the decaying term and linear trend is used to extract the oscillation periods and amplitudes. With the aid of a differential emission measure analysis, the coronal seismology is applied to diagnose key parameters of the oscillating loop. At last, the wavelet transform is used to seek for multiple harmonics of the kink wave.

Results. The transverse oscillations with an apparent decay in amplitude and nearly perpendicular to the oscillating loop are observed in the passbands of SUTRI 465 Å, AIA 171 Å, and 193 Å. The decaying oscillation is launched by a solar flare erupted close to one footpoint of coronal loops and then it propagates along several loops. Next, the traveling kink wave is evolved to a standing kink oscillation. The standing kink oscillation along one coronal loop has a similar period of ∼6.3 min at multiple wavelengths, and the decaying time is estimated at ∼9.6−10.6 min. Finally, two dominant periods of 5.1 min and 2.0 min are detected in another oscillating loop, suggesting the coexistence of the fundamental and third harmonics.

Conclusions. First, we report the evolution of a traveling kink pulse to a standing kink wave along coronal loops that has been induced by a solar flare. We also detected a third-harmonic kink wave in an oscillating loop.
Covert communication in relay and RIS networks
Authors: Hu Jinsong , Shi Xiaoqiang , Chen Youjia , Zhao Tiesong , Shu Feng
Published: June 2023

Covert communication aims to prevent the warden from detecting the presence of communications, i.e. with a negligible detection probability. When the distance between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver is large, large transmission power is needed, which in turn increases the detection probability. Relay is an effective technique to tackle this problem, and various relaying strategies have been proposed for long-distance covert communication in these years. In this article, we first offer a tutorial on the relaying strategies utilized in covert transmission. With the emergence of reflecting intelligent surface and its application in covert communications, we propose a hybrid relay-reflecting intelligent surface (HR-RIS)-assisted strategy to further enhance the performance of covert communications, which simultaneously improves the signal strength received at the legitimate receiver and degrades that at the warden relying on optimizing both the phase and the amplitude of the HR-RIS elements. The numerical results show that the proposed HR-RIS-assisted strategy significantly outperforms the conventional RIS-aided strategy in terms of covert rate.
Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Coagulation Factor V Deficiency in Two Chinese Families Caused by Compound Heterozygous Mutations
Authors: Chen Yuan , Zhang Ke , Jin Yanhui , Zeng Manlin , Jia Kaiqi , Yang Lihong , Wang Mingshan
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aims to provide a preliminary discussion of the molecular basis of FV deficiency caused by compound heterozygous mutations in two Chinese families.

Methods Relative coagulation index was measured by the one-stage clotting method and the FV:Ag was measured by ELISA. All exons and flanking regions of the F5 gene were amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. ClustalX-2.1-win was used to analyze the conservation of mutations. The online software was used to predict the pathogenicity of mutations. PyMOL was used to analyze the variation in the spatial structure of the FV protein before and after mutations. Calibrated automated thrombogram was used to analyze the function of the mutant protein.

Results Phenotyping suggested that both probands had a simultaneous decrease in FV:C and FV:Ag. Their genetic tests showed that proband A had a missense mutation p.Ser111Ile in exon 3 and a polymorphism p.Arg2222Gly in exon 25. At the same time, the proband B had a missense mutation p.Asp96His in exon 3 and a frame-shift mutation p.Pro798Leufs*13 in exon 13. Meanwhile, the p.Ser111Ile is conserved among homologous species. The bioinformatics and protein model analysis revealed that p.Ser111Ile and p.Pro798Leufs*13 were pathogenic and could affect the structure of the FV protein. The thrombin generation test revealed that the clotting function of proband A and B had been affected.

Conclusion These four mutations may be responsible for the reduction of FV levels in two Chinese families. Moreover, the p.Ser111Ile mutation is a novel pathogenic variant that has not been reported.
Public health and nuclear winter: addressing a catastrophic threat
Authors: Vilhelmsson Andreas , Baum Seth D.
Published: June 2023

Despite the end of the Cold War, the world still has thousands of nuclear weapons and adversarial relations between the countries that possess them. A nuclear war could cause large and abrupt global environmental change known as nuclear winter, with potentially devastating public health consequences. A significant line of natural science research characterizes nuclear winter and its potential effect on global food security, but less has been done on the human impacts and policy implications. Therefore, this Viewpoint proposes an interdisciplinary research and policy agenda to understand and address the public health implications of nuclear winter. Public health research can apply existing tools developed for the study of other environmental and military issues. Public health policy institutions can help build preparedness and community resilience to nuclear winter. Given the extreme potential severity of nuclear winter, it should be treated as a major global public health challenge to be addressed by public health institutions and researchers.
Undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools in informal English learning: Combining language learning motivation with technology acceptance model
Authors: Fan Cunying , Wang Juan
Published: June 2023

Studies concerning the utilization of Web 2.0 tools by language learners in higher education have predominately concentrated on the adoption of English-medium Web 2.0 tools in formal learning; while the use of indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools in informal English learning has not been adequately examined. This study aims to investigate factors that impact undergraduates’ behavioral intention to use indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools for informal English learning. It was conducted to verify a hypothesized mediation model with five factors, which were based on the technology acceptance model and language learning motivation. Structural equation modeling was employed with data from 834 undergraduates at a Chinese university. The findings revealed that undergraduates’ behavioral intention to adopt Chinese Web 2.0 tools was positively impacted by perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation in English learning, rather than by perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness acted as a mediator between perceived enjoyment and behavioral intention to use the tools, and perceived enjoyment mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation in English learning and the intention to utilize the tools. Two mediators (perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness) together mediated the relationship between intrinsic motivation in English learning and behavioral intention to adopt the tools. Implications were discussed when integrating indigenous Chinese Web 2.0 tools into informal English learning.
In crystallo observation of active site dynamics and transient metal ion binding within DNA polymerases
Authors: Chang Caleb , Zhou Grace , Gao Yang
Published: June 2023

DNA polymerases are the enzymatic catalysts that synthesize DNA during DNA replication and repair. Kinetic studies and x-ray crystallography have uncovered the overall kinetic pathway and led to a two-metal-ion dependent catalytic mechanism. Diffusion-based time-resolved crystallography has permitted the visualization of the catalytic reaction at atomic resolution and made it possible to capture transient events and metal ion binding that have eluded static polymerase structures. This review discusses past static structures and recent time-resolved structures that emphasize the crucial importance of primer alignment and different metal ions binding during catalysis and substrate discrimination.