bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE REDSHIFTED HYDROGEN BALMER AND METASTABLE He i ABSORPTION LINE SYSTEM IN MINI-FELOBAL QUASAR SDSS J112526.12+002901.3: A PARSEC-SCALE ACCRETION INFLOW?
Authors: Shi Xi-Heng , Jiang Peng , Wang Hui-Yuan , Zhang Shao-Hua , Ji Tuo , Liu Wen-Juan , Zhou Hong-Yan
Published: June 2019

The accretion of the interstellar medium onto central super-massive black holes is widely accepted as the source of the gigantic energy released by the active galactic nuclei. However, few pieces of observational evidence have been confirmed directly demonstrating the existence of the inflows. The absorption line system in the spectra of quasar SDSS J112526.12+002901.3 presents an interesting example in which the rarely detected hydrogen Balmer and metastable He i absorption lines are found redshifted to the quasar's rest frame along with the low-ionization metal absorption lines Mg ii, Fe ii, etc. The repeated SDSS spectroscopic observations suggest a transverse velocity smaller than the radial velocity. The motion of the absorbing medium is thus dominated by infall. The He i* lines present a powerful probe to the strength of ionizing flux, while the Balmer lines imply a dense environment. With the help of photoionization simulations, we find that the absorbing medium is exposed to the radiation with ionization parameter U ≈ 10−1.8, and the density is

. Thus the absorbing medium is located ∼4 pc away from the central engine. According to the similarity in the distance and physical conditions between the absorbing medium and the torus, we strongly propose the absorption line system as a candidate for the accretion inflow, which originates in the inner surface of the torus.
CALCULATIONS WITH SPECTROSCOPIC ACCURACY: ENERGIES AND TRANSITION RATES IN THE NITROGEN ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE FROM Ar XII TO Zn XXIV
Authors: Wang K. , Si R. , Dang W. , Jönsson P. , Guo X. L. , Li S. , Chen Z. B. , Zhang H. , Long F. Y. , Liu H. T. , Li D. F. , Hutton R. , Chen C. Y. , Yan J.
Published: June 2019

Combined relativistic configuration interaction and many-body perturbation calculations are performed for the 359 fine-structure levels of the 2s
2 2p
3, 2 s2p
4, 2p
5, 2s
2 2p
2 3l, 2 s2p
3 3l, 2p
4 3l, and 2s
2 2p
2 4l configurations in N-like ions from Ar xii to Zn xxiv. Complete and consistent data sets of energies, wavelengths, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths for all possible electric dipole, magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic quadrupole transitions among the 359 levels are given for each ion. The present work significantly increases the amount of accurate data for ions in the nitrogen-like sequence, and the accuracy of the energy levels is high enough to enable the identification and interpretation of observed spectra involving the n = 3, 4 levels, for which experimental values are largely scarce. Meanwhile, the results should be of great help for modeling and diagnosing astrophysical and fusion plasmas.
The Detectability and Characterization of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanet Atmospheres with JWST
Authors: Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Meadows Victoria S. , Lincowski Andrew P.
Published: June 2019

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will offer the first opportunity to characterize terrestrial exoplanets with sufficient precision to identify high mean molecular weight atmospheres, and TRAPPIST-1's seven known transiting Earth-sized planets are particularly favorable targets. To assist community preparations for JWST observations, we use simulations of plausible post-ocean-loss and habitable environments for the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets, and test simulations of all bright object time-series spectroscopy modes and all Mid-Infrared Instrument photometry filters to determine optimal observing strategies for atmospheric detection and characterization using both transmission and emission observations. We find that transmission spectroscopy with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph Prism is optimal for detecting terrestrial, CO2-containing atmospheres, potentially in fewer than 10 transits for all seven TRAPPIST-1 planets, if they lack high-altitude aerosols. If the TRAPPIST-1 planets possess Venus-like H2SO4 aerosols, up to 12 times more transits may be required to detect an atmosphere. We present optimal instruments and observing modes for the detection of individual molecular species in a given terrestrial atmosphere and an observational strategy for discriminating between evolutionary states. We find that water may be prohibitively difficult to detect in both Venus-like and habitable atmospheres, due to its presence lower in the atmosphere where transmission spectra are less sensitive. Although the presence of biogenic O2 and O3 will be extremely challenging to detect, abiotically produced oxygen from past ocean loss may be detectable for all seven TRAPPIST-1 planets via O2–O2 collisionally induced absorption at 1.06 and 1.27 μm, or via NIR O3 features for the outer three planets. Our results constitute a suite of hypotheses on the nature and detectability of highly evolved terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres that may be tested with JWST.
Spitzer Parallax of OGLE-2018-BLG-0596: A Low-mass-ratio Planet around an M Dwarf
Authors: Jung Youn Kil , Gould Andrew , Udalski Andrzej , Sumi Takahiro , Yee Jennifer C. , Shvartzvald Yossi , Zang Weicheng ,   and, Han Cheongho , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Zhu Wei , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radek , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzystof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Beichman Charles A. , Bryden Geoffery , Novati Sebastiano Calchi , Carey Sean , Gaudi B. Scott , Henderson Calen B. ,   (The Spitzer Team), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bennett David P. , Bond Ian A. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Li Man Cheung Alex , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagakane Masayuki , Ranc Clément , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Jacklin Savannah , Penny Matthew T. , Stassun Keivan G. ,   (The UKIRT Microlensing Team), Fouqué Pascal , Mao Shude , Wang Tianshu ,   (The CFHT Microlensing Collaboration)
Published: June 2019

We report the discovery of a Spitzer microlensing planet OGLE-2018-BLG-0596Lb, with preferred planet-host mass ratio q ∼ 2 × 10−4. The planetary signal, which is characterized by a short (∼1 day) “bump” on the rising side of the lensing light curve, was densely covered by ground-based surveys. We find that the signal can be explained by a bright source that fully envelops the planetary caustic, i.e., a “Hollywood” geometry. Combined with the source proper motion measured from Gaia, the Spitzer satellite parallax measurement makes it possible to precisely constrain the lens physical parameters. The preferred solution, in which the planet perturbs the minor image due to lensing by the host, yields a Uranus-mass planet with a mass of M
p = 13.9 ± 1.6 M
⊕ orbiting a mid M-dwarf with a mass of M
h = 0.23 ± 0.03 M
⊙. There is also a second possible solution that is substantially disfavored but cannot be ruled out, for which the planet perturbs the major image. The latter solution yields M
p = 1.2 ± 0.2 M
⊕ and M
h = 0.15 ± 0.02 M
⊙. By combining the microlensing and Gaia data together with a Galactic model, we find in either case that the lens lies on the near side of the Galactic bulge at a distance D
L ∼ 6 ± 1 kpc. Future adaptive optics observations may decisively resolve the major image/minor image degeneracy.
Io’s Volcanic Activity from Time Domain Adaptive Optics Observations: 2013–2018
Authors: de Kleer Katherine , de Pater Imke , Molter Edward M. , Banks Elizabeth , Davies Ashley Gerard , Alvarez Carlos , Campbell Randy , Aycock Joel , Pelletier John , Stickel Terry , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Nielsen Nikole M. , Stern Daniel , Tollefson Joshua
Published: June 2019

We present measurements of the near-infrared brightness of Io’s hot spots derived from 2 to 5 μm imaging with adaptive optics on the Keck and Gemini N telescopes. The data were obtained on 271 nights between 2013 August and the end of 2018, and include nearly 1000 detections of over 75 unique hot spots. The 100 observations obtained between 2013 and 2015 have been previously published in de Kleer & de Pater the observations since the start of 2016 are presented here for the first time, and the analysis is updated to include the full five-year data set. These data provide insight into the global properties of Io’s volcanism. Several new hot spots and bright eruptions have been detected, and the preference for bright eruptions to occur on Io’s trailing hemisphere noted in the 2013–2015 data is strengthened by the larger data set and remains unexplained. The program overlapped in time with Sprint-A/EXCEED and Juno observations of the Jovian system, and correlations with transient phenomena seen in other components of the system have the potential to inform our understanding of the impact of Io’s volcanism on Jupiter and its neutral/plasma environment.
BOOSTING LYα AND He ii λ1640 LINE FLUXES FROM POPULATION III GALAXIES: STOCHASTIC IMF SAMPLING AND DEPARTURES FROM CASE-B
Authors: Mas-Ribas Lluís , Dijkstra Mark , Forero-Romero Jaime E.
Published: June 2019

We revisit calculations of nebular hydrogen Lyα and He ii
λ1640 line strengths for Population III (Pop III) galaxies, undergoing continuous, and bursts of, star formation. We focus on initial mass functions (IMFs) motivated by recent theoretical studies, which generally span a lower range of stellar masses than earlier works. We also account for case-B departures and the stochastic sampling of the IMF. In agreement with previous work, we find that departures from case-B can enhance the Lyα flux by a factor of a few, but we argue that this enhancement is driven mainly by collisional excitation and ionization, and not due to photoionization from the n = 2 state of atomic hydrogen. The increased sensitivity of the Lyα flux to the high-energy end of the galaxy spectrum makes it more subject to stochastic sampling of the IMF. The latter introduces a dispersion in the predicted nebular line fluxes around the deterministic value by as much as a factor of ∼4. In contrast, the stochastic sampling of the IMF has less impact on the emerging Lyman Werner photon flux. When case-B departures and stochasticity effects are combined, nebular line emission from Pop III galaxies can be up to one order of magnitude brighter than predicted by “standard” calculations that do not include these effects. This enhances the prospects for detection with future facilities such as the James Webb Space Telescope and large, ground-based telescopes.
Resonant Relaxation in Globular Clusters
Authors: Meiron Yohai , Kocsis Bence
Published: June 2019

Resonant relaxation has been discussed as an efficient process that changes the angular momenta of stars orbiting around a central supermassive black hole due to the fluctuating gravitational field of the stellar cluster. Other spherical stellar systems, such as globular clusters, exhibit a restricted form of this effect where enhanced relaxation rate only occurs in the directions of the angular momentum vectors, but not in their magnitudes; this is called vector resonant relaxation (VRR). To explore this effect, we performed a large set of direct N-body simulations, with up to 512k particles (where k =1024) and ∼500 dynamical times. Contrasting these simulations, which naturally include the collective effects, with Spitzer-style Monte Carlo simulations, which by design only exhibit two-body relaxation, we show that the temporal behavior of the angular momentum vectors in N-body simulations cannot be explained by two-body relaxation alone. VRR operates efficiently in globular clusters with N > 104. The fact that VRR operates in globular clusters may open a way to use powerful tools in statistical physics for their description. In particular, since the distribution of orbital planes relaxes much more rapidly than the distribution of the magnitude of angular momentum and the radial action, the relaxation process reaches an internal statistical equilibrium in the corresponding part of phase space while the whole cluster is generally out of equilibrium, in a state of quenched disorder. We point out the need to include effects of VRR in Monte Carlo simulations of globular clusters.
Nonparametric Dark Energy Reconstruction Using the Tomographic Alcock–Paczynski Test
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Gu Gan , Wang Xiaoma , Li Yun-He , Sabiu Cristiano G. , Park Hyunbae , Miao Haitao , Luo Xiaolin , Fang Feng , Li Xiao-Dong
Published: June 2019

The tomographic Alcock–Paczynski (AP) method can result in tight cosmological constraints by using small and intermediate clustering scales of the large-scale structure of the galaxy distribution. By focusing on the redshift dependence, the AP distortion can be distinguished from the distortions produced by the redshift space distortions. In this work, we combine the tomographic AP method with other recent observational data sets of SN Ia+BAO+CMB+H
0 to reconstruct the dark energy equation-of-state w in a nonparametric form. The result favors a dynamical DE at z ≲ 1, and shows a mild deviation (≲2σ) from w = −1 at z = 0.5–0.7. We find the addition of the AP method improves the low-redshift (z ≲ 0.7) constraint by ∼50%.
The Generalized Nonlinear Ohm's Law: How a Strong Electric Field Influences Nonideal MHD Effects in Dusty Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Okuzumi Satoshi , Mori Shoji , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: June 2019

The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of protoplanetary disks are strongly subject to the nonideal MHD effects arising from the low ionization fraction of the disk gas. A strong electric field induced by gas motions can heat ionized gas particles and can thereby affect the ionization balance in the disks. Our previous studies revealed that in dusty protoplanetary disks, the ohmic conductivity decreases with increasing electric field strength until the electrical breakdown of the disk gas occurs. In this study, we extend our previous work to more general cases where both electric and magnetic fields affect the motion of plasma particles, allowing us to study the impacts of plasma heating on all nonideal MHD effects: ohmic, Hall, and ambipolar diffusion. We find that the upper limit on the electric current we previously derived applies even in the presence of magnetic fields. Although the Hall and ambipolar resistivities can either increase or decrease with electric field strength depending on the abundance of charged dust grains, the ohmic resistivity always increases with electric field strength. An order-of-magnitude estimate suggests that a large-scale electric current generated by gas motions in the inner part of protoplanetary disks could exceed the upper limit. This implies that MHD motions of the inner disk, such as the motion driven by the Hall-shear instability, could either get suppressed or trigger electrical breakdown (lightning discharge). This may have important implications for gas accretion and chondrule formation in the inner part of protoplanetary disks.
Nonsticky Ice at the Origin of the Uniformly Polarized Submillimeter Emission from the HL Tau Disk
Authors: Okuzumi Satoshi , Tazaki Ryo
Published: June 2019

Recent (sub)millimeter polarimetric observations toward the young star HL Tau have successfully detected polarization emission from its circumstellar disk. The polarization pattern observed at 0.87 mm is uniform and parallel to the disk’s minor axis, consistent with the self-scattering of thermal emission by dust particles whose maximum radius is ≈100 μm. However, this maximum size is considerably smaller than anticipated from dust evolution models that assume a high sticking efficiency for icy particles. Here we show that the unexpectedly small particle size can be explained if CO2 ice covers the particles in the outer region of the HL Tau disk. CO2 ice is one of the most major interstellar ices, and laboratory experiments show that it is poorly sticky. Based on dust evolution models accounting for CO2 ice mantles, as well as aggregate sintering, we simulate the polarimetric observation of HL Tau at 0.87 mm. We find that the models with CO2 ice mantles better match the observation. These models also predict that only particles lying between the H2O and CO2 snow lines can grow to millimeter to centimeter sizes and that their rapid inward drift results in a local dust gap similar to the 10 au gap of the HL Tau disk. We also suggest that the millimeter spectral index for the outer part of the HL Tau disk is largely controlled by the optical thickness of this region and does not necessarily indicate dust growth to millimeter sizes.
Peculiarities of the Dynamics of Solar NOAA Active Region 12673
Authors: Getling A. V.
Published: June 2019

The dynamics of active region (AR) 12673 is qualitatively studied using observational data obtained with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager of the Solar Dynamics Observatory on 2017 August 31–September 8. This AR was remarkable for its complex structure and extraordinary flare productivity. The sunspot group in this AR consisted of (1) an old, well-developed and highly stable, coherent sunspot, which had also been observed two solar rotations earlier, and (2) a rapidly developing cluster of umbral and penumbral fragments. Cluster (2) formed two elongated, arc-shaped chains of spot elements, skirting around the major sunspot (1), with two chains of magnetic elements spatially coinciding with the arcs. AR components (1) and (2) were in relative motion, cluster (2) overtaking spot (1) in westward motion, and their relative velocity agrees in order of magnitude with the velocity jump over the near-surface shear layer, or leptocline. The pattern of motion of the features about the main spot bears amazing resemblance to the pattern of a fluid flow about a roundish body. This suggests that spot (1) was dynamically coupled with the surface layers, while cluster (2) developed in deeper layers of the convection zone. The magnetic-flux emergence in cluster (2) appeared to be associated with fluid motions similar to roll convection. The mutual approach of components (1) and (2) gave rise to light bridges in the umbrae of sunspots with the magnetic field having the same sign on both sides of the bridge.
The Living Atlases Community of Practice
Authors: Lecoq Marie-Elise , Archambeau Anne-Sophie , Figueira Rui , Martin David , Pamerlon Sophie , Robertson Tim , Vignes Lebbe Régine , Villaverde Cristina
Published: June 2019

The power and configurability of the the Atlas of Living Australia tools have enabled more and more institutions and participants of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility adapt and install biodiversity platforms. For six years, we have demonstrated that the community around this platform was needed and ready for its adoption. During the symposium organized for the SPNHC+TDWG 2018, we started a discussion that has led us to the creation of a more structured and sustainable community of practice.

We want to create a community that follows the structure of open-source technical projects such as Linux or Apache foundation. After the GBIF Governing Board (GB25), the Kilkenny accord was agreed among 8 country or institution partners and early adopters of ALA platform to outline the scope of the new Living Atlases community. Thanks to this accord, we have begun to set up a new structure based on the Community of Practice (CoP) model. In summary, the governance will be held by a Management committee and a Technical advisory committee. Adding to these, the Living Atlases community will have two coordinators with technical and administrative duties.

This presentation will briefly summarise the community history leading up to the agreement of the Kilkenny accord and provide information and context of the key points contained. Then, we will present and launch the new Living Atlases Community of Practice . Through this presentation, we aim to collect lessons learned and good practices from other CoP in topics like governance, communications, sustainability, among others to incorporate them in the consolidation process of the Living Atlases community.
The Global Omics Observatory Network: Shaping standards for long-term molecular observation
Authors: Buttigieg Pier Luigi , Janssen Felix , Macklin James , Pitz Kathleen
Published: June 2019

Founded in early 2018 through a collaboration between the EU Horizon 2020 AtlantOS project and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Global Omics Observatory Network (GLOMICON) is federating long-term ecological observatories employing "omic" (e.g. metagenomcis, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics) techniques to assess biodiversity across scales. GLOMICON is the consolidation of a series of meetings and ad hoc efforts (e.g. the multi-omic sessions at TDWG 2017) and seeks to mainstream multi-omic observation in existing observatory systems. GLOMICON currently networks >40 organisations observing biodiversity from urban and agricultural systems to the depths of the polar ocean. Coordination through GLOMICON allows the long-term observatory community to develop and align their needs, thus approaching standards bodies including the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC), the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) organisation, and the Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP) with a common voice. Further, as more ecological observatories begin to adopt molecular techniques, GLOMICON offers a community building best practices to facilitate their operationalisation. Vitally, GLOMICON interfaces with established observation networks via organisations such as UNESCO/IOC Global Ocean Observing System through its Biology and Ecosystems Panel. Such interactions have provided invaluable guidance on how to approach global standardisation in a firmly operational and multi-stakeholder environment, while ensuring innovative science can thrive.

In this contribution, we will deliver a briefing on GLOMICON's current priorities and efforts to shape molecular standards to become fit-for-purpose in observatory-grade settings. In particular, we will focus on our interactions with other key omic observing networks, including the Genomic Observatories Network, and our joint strategies to progress towards an distributed yet integrated system. We will also note practical steps the network has taken to systematise protocols and best practices, (bio)informatics routines, observatory parameters, and global intercalibration through sample exchange. Lastly, we will note the network's upcoming priorities, which feature the need to develop strategies for sustainability and the extension of coordination efforts between national, regional, and global Earth observation systems.
Taxonomic Gap Analysis: A method of evaluating the taxa represented in biodiversity databases
Authors: Devine Amanda , Coddington Jonathan
Published: June 2019

The Global Genome Initiative (GGI) endeavors to collect the Earth’s genomic biodiversity, preserve this biodiversity as high quality genetic resources in Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) affiliated biorepositories, increase knowledge of biodiversity through genetic sequencing, and make resources and knowledge accessible to researchers via the GGBN Data Portal, the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM), and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank. In GGI's seven year timespan, it is attempting to collect samples from all 9,870 families and half of the 165,683 genera of life on Earth (Roskov et al. 2019). To accomplish this, GGI must synergistically consider the following questions:

What life exists?

What has already been preserved as physical resources?

What is already known from genetic sequencing?

How will novel or legacy collections fill the gaps in resources or knowledge?

What life exists?

What has already been preserved as physical resources?

What is already known from genetic sequencing?

How will novel or legacy collections fill the gaps in resources or knowledge?

To answer the first question, GGI has explored the use of taxonomic authorities such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Backbone Taxonomy and the Catalogue of Life as taxonomic backbones to variously match taxonomic names and derive complete lists of extant taxa at each taxonomic rank. To answer the second question, GGI utilizes the GGBN Data Portal API and the GCM website to extract lists of taxonomic names, which are then standardized to a taxonomic backbone. To answer the third question, following the recommendations of Hanner 2009 for identifying high-quality DNA barcode records, GGI employs the NCBI Entrez Programming Utilities to download GenBank records, then standardizes the associated taxa to a taxonomic backbone. Finally, GGI compares lists of taxa found in specific geographic areas or specific legacy collections to determine the amount of taxonomic novelty a new collection may supply. GGI refers to this comparison of taxonomic databases as a taxonomic gap analysis, an assessment of how well a potential collection fills the taxonomic gaps in physical collections and genetic knowledge. A gap analysis performed by GGI in March 2019 shows that 49% of families and 78% of genera still have no representation as either physical samples or genetic information (Table 1). There are substantial gaps to fill in the endeavor to capture the Earth's biodiversity, and taxonomic gap analysis will continue to be a powerful tool to identify the most promising potential new collections.
Evaluating Methods for Transcribing Specimen Labels
Authors: Phillips Sarah , Dillen Mathias , Green Laura , Groom Quentin , Weech Marie-Helene
Published: June 2019

Distributed Systems of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) a pan-European Research Infrastructure will facilitate the production of tens of millions of digital images of natural history specimens each year. The labels of these specimens contain valuable information for research, but their transcription can be difficult and time-consuming, with often hard to read handwritten labels. Whilst accurate label transcription is only one step along the way to create a specimen record fit for different research uses, it is an extremely important one. It would be very time-consuming to have to return to recheck label information for even a very small proportion of specimens. Once a specimen label is transcribed correctly, it becomes much easier to enhance the record with additional information from other sources, e.g. from literature or collector itineraries. It also becomes feasible to determine the point of collection from the textual information on the label by a process known as georeferencing, or even to find inaccuracies within the label itself.

Under the auspices of the project Innovation and Consolidation for Large Scale Digitisation of Natural Heritage (ICEDIG), we compared different manual approaches to transcription of collection labels. Using herbarium specimens as an example, the quality of transcribed data by:

in-house trained institute staff,

outsourcing to a commercial company or

transcription by the general public through online crowdsourcing platforms was compared through two transcription pilots.

in-house trained institute staff,

outsourcing to a commercial company or

transcription by the general public through online crowdsourcing platforms was compared through two transcription pilots.

The first pilot consisted of 200 Solanum specimen images from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in the UK and 200 from Meise Botanic Garden in Belgium. This particular genus was chosen as both institutes had specimens from which the label data had already been transcribed through the digitisation company Picturae, completed by Alembo. The Kew specimens had also been transcribed in-house by staff employed as digitisation officers or curators and by an independant researcher. The images from both institutes were uploaded to two crowdsourcing platforms: DigiVol and DoeDat. In a second pilot, multiple European institutions holding botanical collections were approached to provide a sample of 200 digitally imaged herbarium sheet specimens to upload to multiple crowdsourcing platforms. Specimens from 7 institutions were uploaded for transcription to 5 different crowdsourcing platforms: DigiVol, DoeDat, Die Herbonauten, Les Herbonautes and Notes from Nature.

For both pilots, key transcription data were assessed and common errors in label transcription identified. Reasons for these errors will be discussed along with possible mechanisms to improve the accuracy of the transcriptions. The need for standards for transcription is identified and recommendations made.
La fabrique complexe et évolutive des programmes scolaires (1880-1990)
Authors: d'Enfert Renaud , Legris Patricia , Verneuil Yves
Published: June 2019

L’étude sur le temps long de la fabrique des programmes scolaires permet de mettre en évidence les choix éducatifs et politiques faits par la puissance publique. Elle montre que leur élaboration est surtout le fruit de négociations et d’un va-et-vient permanent entre de multiples acteurs, et remet en question la conception fréquemment admise d’une élaboration « par en haut » de textes qui seraient ensuite imposés aux enseignants. Trois périodes peuvent être distinguées. La première, qui va des années 1880 à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, est marquée par la volonté d’associer à l’élaboration des programmes scolaires une véritable représentation du personnel chargé de les appliquer, et repose notamment, à partir des années 1910, sur une coproduction entre inspections générales et associations de spécialistes. Après la Libération, ce modèle de coproduction est remis en cause, notamment avec la mise en place au tournant des années 1960-1970 de « grandes commissions » disciplinaires plus ouvertes. De 1974 à la fin des années 1980 se succèdent ensuite, au gré des changements ministériels, divers dispositifs aux configurations variées, dans un contexte de fixation d’objectifs généraux pour l’ensemble des disciplines.
Le Conseil national des programmes (1990-2005) : l’institution à l’épreuve des acteurs individuels
Authors: Dubos Kévin
Published: June 2019

À partir d’un dépouillement ciblé des archives du CNP et d’une série d’entretiens avec quelques-uns de ses principaux acteurs, cet article se propose d’étudier en profondeur l’influence des stratégies d’acteurs, des relations inter-personnelles et des rivalités institutionnelles qui ont participé du façonnement de l’action du CNP derrière la vitrine institutionnelle. Le CNP est une institution créée ex nihilo et n’hérite par conséquent d’aucune tradition ou pratique d’un organe antérieur, d’où une importance encore accrue de l’influence personnelle des acteurs qui s’y croisent : c’est toute une pratique, un réseau et un modus vivendi avec le reste des organes ministériels qu’il faut inventer. Cette étude est également l’occasion de préciser le fonctionnement de cette machine administrative complexe.
Crèche, jardin maternel, classe passerelle, école maternelle : diversité des rapports parents-professionnelles
Authors: Garnier Pascale , Rayna Sylvie
Published: June 2019

Dans le système français d’accueil et d’éducation des jeunes enfants, avant la scolarité obligatoire, les enfants de 2-3 ans peuvent être accueillis dans différentes institutions : l’école maternelle, la crèche mais aussi des dispositifs « passerelle » ou des jardins maternels. L’analyse de cette diversité permet d’éclairer différentes configurations des rapports entre les parents et les personnels de ces institutions en étudiant à la fois les pratiques d’accueil des familles et les relations quotidiennes entre professionnelles et parents, ainsi que leurs différentes conceptions de leur professionnalité. La méthodologie du travail d’enquête se base sur l’observation de ces pratiques et croise les points de vue des parents et des personnels de quatre établissements éducatifs. Les résultats montrent une fracture nette entre un modèle scolaire de mise à distance et de « pédagogisation » des parents et un modèle d’accueil des familles au sein de la crèche et du jardin maternel, tout en soulignant l’originalité d’une classe « passerelle » qui permet un tissage des professionnalités entre le monde scolaire et celui de la petite enfance.
Gabrielle Suchon : le droit des femmes à la science
Authors: Mosconi Nicole
Published: June 2019

Cet article porte sur la deuxième partie du Traité de la Morale et de la Politique (1693) de la philosophe Gabrielle Suchon (1632-1703), consacré à la « Science », qui pose la question de l’accès des femmes aux savoirs savants de son temps. Il examinera successivement son analyse des moyens dont usent les hommes pour priver les femmes des sciences ; ensuite la manière dont elle réfute l’idée que cette privation de science est de droit en démontrant que la science est pour les femmes de droit divin et de droit naturel. Enfin, l’autrice indique les moyens propres que les femmes peuvent trouver pour accéder à la Science (les études privées, les livres, les sociétés entre femmes) ainsi que le plaisir extrême qu’elles peuvent en retirer.
Subjective Probabilities of Sanction, Norms, Legitimacy and Everyday Life Crimes in Europe
Authors: Deffin Cyndie , Ropaul Maïva
Published: June 2019

Les crimes de la vie quotidienne sont généralement définis comme des pratiques injustes et contraires à l’éthique commises sur le marché par des personnes qui se considèrent elles-mêmes et qui sont perçues par les autres comme des citoyens respectables. Cet article étudie les principaux moteurs de ce comportement criminel spécifique sur la base d’une analyse économétrique transnationale des données de l’Enquête sociale européenne 2010. Il se concentre en particulier sur la probabilité subjective de sanction, l’internalisation des normes et la légitimité perçue du système judiciaire. Trois crimes du quotidien sont examinés : les fausses demandes de réclamations d’assurance, l’achat de biens potentiellement volés et les infractions routières. En contrôlant les variables socio-démographiques, le capital social et les effets fixes des pays, nous constatons que l’internalisation des normes est associée négativement à la criminalité quotidienne, alors que la légitimité perçue des institutions judiciaires a un effet non significatif. Les résultats sont ambigus pour la probabilité subjective des sanctions. Enfin, notre travail souligne la difficulté d’utiliser les données d’enquête dans l’analyse de la criminalité. Codes JEL: D8, K14, K42
Corée : au-delà de l’enjeu régional, un enjeu global
Authors: Boniface Pascal
Published: June 2019

Les tirs de missiles à courte portée effectués par la Corée du Nord le 4 mai 2019 montrent que les espoirs d’une prochaine dénucléarisation du pays sont loin d’être réalisés. Ils témoignent également des limites de la stratégie de Donald Trump à l’égard de Pyongyang. Monn Jae-in, pour sa part, fait son maximum pour en restreindre les conséquences négatives. Clivage politique en Corée du Sud et enjeu de politique étrangère aux États-Unis, la question nordcoréenne est un dossier sur lequel les objectifs des deux présidents sont donc loin d’être communs.
Le conflit commercial sino-états-unien, une reconfiguration du rapport de forces alimentaire mondial ?
Authors: Chaumet Jean-Marc
Published: June 2019

La guerre commerciale déclenchée en 2018 entre les États-Unis et la Chine marque une nouvelle étape dans la confrontation entre les deux premières puissances économiques mondiales. À travers la hausse des droits de douane sur des produits agricoles, ce conflit atteste également d’une utilisation croissante de la puissance agricole dans les confrontations économiques en ce début de XXI e siècle. L’affrontement sino-états-unien met aux prises deux des plus gros producteurs agricoles au monde, dont les histoires et les stratégies alimentaires sont diamétralement opposées. Si les États-Unis cherchent à montrer que leurs exportations sont indispensables, la Chine use de l’opportunité de ce conflit pour accélérer la sécurisation de ses importations et limiter sa dépendance vis-à-vis des produits états-uniens. Le résultat de ce bras de fer pourrait être une nouvelle donne dans le rapport de forces alimentaire international, avec une réorientation des flux commerciaux en place depuis des décennies et un déplacement de la puissance agricole vers les pays émergents.
The mediating effect of internal integration on the relationship between supply chain integration and operational performance: Evidence from Moroccan manufacturing companies
Authors: Errassafi Mohamed , Abbar Hassan , Benabbou Zahra
Published: June 2019

Purpose: This paper aims to explain the direct effect of supply chain integration on operational performance of manufacturing companies and the mediating effect of internal integration on the relationship between external integration and operational performance.Design/methodology/approach: From an organizational capabilities perspective we consider internal integration as a set of intra-organizational capabilities and customer integration and supplier integration as a set of inter-organizational capabilities. In the basis of a sample of 75 Moroccan manufacturing companies, we used PLS – Structural Equation Modeling to study the direct effect of customer integration, internal integration and supplier integration on operational performance of manufacturers and to analyze the mediating effect of internal integration. Findings: The results show that customer integration, internal integration and supplier integration are all positively and significantly related to operational performance of the manufacturer and internal integration mediates relationship between costumer integration and operational performance but not relationship between supplier integration and operational performance.     Research limitations/implications: This study focuses on a set of best practices for integrating flows and business processes that industrial companies need to implement in order to create value for final consumer and show how to use internal integration practices to benefit more from external integration.Originality/value: The result of this study extends the developing body of literature on supply chain integration by analyzing the effect of interaction between internal and external integration on the operational performance towards an organizational capabilities perspective in a specific Moroccan industrial context.
The impact of supply chain collaboration on performance in automotive industry: Empirical evidence
Authors: Al-Doori Jamal Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Indeed due to global advancement, rapid technological innovation, and enhancing regional influence, supply chain (SC) has become an essential element. Now, competition has shifted from organization to industry level; any disruption can not only disturb organization but also affect the whole industry. Although Pakistan is agriculture land still industry sector is supporting more than half population, especially the automotive sector is the highest growing sector. Due to regional and economic shift toward China and India, this sector is facing numerous problems. Only thirteen large-scale automotive organizations are operational by creating collaboration among them many issues can be resolved. Supply chain collaboration has dogged the performance in various industries and in various regions. The aim of this study is to explore the potential benefits of supply chain collaboration toward achieving operational performance.Design/methodology/approach: This is an empirical investigation conducting among supply chain department of automotive industries in Pakistan. Data were collected from 232 members of the supply chain that include suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Factor analysis and multiple regressions through SPSS have been used for data analysis.Findings: The finding of this study reveals that two supply chain management approaches information sharing (IS), joint decision making (JDM) significantly effect, while Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) does not have a significant effect on operational performance.Research limitations: This study consists only three approaches, next study should include more approaches. Secondly, this study is limited to the automotive sector.  Practical implications: [This study will help the managers of the automotive industry in making their operation smooth by applying information sharing, joint decision making, and electronic data interchange.Originality/value: First novelty of this study is the implementation of supply chain collaboration for developing country especially for Pakistan. Secondly, this study seed collaboration as communication and include all aspects of communication like formal communication, informal communication.
Key issues on Partial Least Squares (PLS) in operations management research: A guide to submissions
Authors: Marin-Garcia Juan , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela
Published: June 2019

Purpose: This work aims to systematise the use of PLS as an analysis tool via a usage guide or recommendation for researchers to help them eliminate errors when using this tool.Design/methodology/approach: A recent literature review about PLS and discussion with experts in the methodology.Findings: This article considers the current situation of PLS after intense academic debate in recent years, and summarises recommendations to properly conduct and report a research work that uses this methodology in its analyses. We particularly focus on how to: choose the construct type; choose the estimation technique (PLS or CB-SEM); evaluate and report the measurement model; evaluate and report the structure model; analyse statistical power.Research limitations: it was impossible to cover some relevant aspects in considerable detail herein: presenting a guided example that respects all the report recommendations presented herein to act as a practical guide for authors; does the specification or evaluation of the measurement model differ when it deals with first-order or second-order constructs?; how are the outcomes of the constructs interpreted with the indicators being measured with nominal measurement levels?; is the Confirmatory Composite Analysis approach compatible with recent proposals about the Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA)? These themes will the object of later publications.Originality/value: We provide a check list of the information elements that must contain any article using PLS. Our intention is for the article to act as a guide for the researchers and possible authors who send works to the JIEM (Journal of Industrial and Engineering Management). This guide could be used by both editors and reviewers of JIEM, or other journals in this area, to evaluate and reduce the risk of bias (Losilla et al., 2018) in works using PLS as an analysis procedure.
La necrópolis septentrional de Segobriga y su configuración como suburbio cristiano. Interpretación de los resultados de la prospección geofísica
Authors: Cebrián Fernández Rosario , Hortelano Uceda Ignacio , Panzram Sabine
Published: June 2019

Presentamos en este artículo la evolución diacrónica del suburbio septentrional de Segobriga, enmarcada cronológicamente desde mediados del siglo I a. C. hasta el siglo VIII, a partir de la lectura de la prospección con georradar, los datos aportados por trabajos arqueológicos recientes y la documentación procedente de las excavaciones del siglo XVIII. Como resultado, se identifica la transformación de la necrópolis inicial altoimperial, vinculada a la vía de Carthago Nova, en un conjunto de carácter religioso como consecuencia de la cristianización de este suburbio a partir de la primera mitad del siglo V.
Conjunto de dírhams califales hallado en Zamora: estudio e interpretación
Authors: Blázquez Cerrato Cruces , Martín Esquivel Alberto
Published: June 2019

Presentamos el estudio de un pequeño conjunto de moneda de plata andalusí recuperado en recientes excavaciones en el casco histórico de Zamora. Hemos centrado el análisis en el contexto arqueológico de los dírhams y en la revisión de las emisiones representadas. A pesar de que el lote de monedas es reducido y las piezas se encuentran en un estado fragmentario, consideramos que esta documentación arqueológica contribuye a aclarar el panorama histórico de esta ciudad durante la etapa altomedieval.
Design of a Multipurpose Radio Controlled Surveillance Vehicle to Monitor Risky Areas
Authors: Mahbub Mobasshir
Published: June 2019

Wireless technology is one of the most common technologies used in our day to day life. As wireless technology is very much easier to implement rather than wired, day by day its application is increasing. Through the continuous development of wireless communication technology it is now highly used in wireless equipment controlling. That is we can control our electronics and electrical equipments from a certain distant part. In this paper a multipurpose radio controlled car is designed with nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module, Arduino Uno R3 and DC motors to monitor risky areas. The RC vehicle is controlled by a distant controller or transmitter unit to move the vehicle to the risky location for monitoring.
The Effectiveness of Audio Media in Enhancing Farmers’ Knowledge: The Case of Smallholder Banana Farmers in Western Uganda
Authors: Kaahwa Mark , Zhu Chang , Muhumuza Moses , Mutyebere Rodgers , Karemera Charles
Published: June 2019

Although audio media has been presented by previous research as a suitable medium for conveying agricultural information, there is limited research in assessing its effectiveness in assisting farmers’ gain agricultural knowledge. This study thus undertook to carry out that investigation by involving 1000 smallholder banana farmers in the study which involved a baseline survey, an intervention, and an end line survey. The preliminary survey results showed that 456 farmers had relevant knowledge of farming practices and were removed from the study. However, 541 farmers were lacking the required knowledge regarding proper banana farming practices. This group was assigned to an intervention of radio broadcasts for one month. All broadcasted content was recorded on CDs and circulated to the participants for continued revision. This was followed by the end line survey and the two datasets were compared to establish the change in knowledge levels of the farmers. The tests of variances before the intervention and after the intervention indicated that the two groups being compared are assumed to be approximately equal (p >0.05). Results showed a significant difference in the mean knowledge scores before and after the intervention. Furthermore, independent t-test results reveal a statistically significant difference in the pre- and post-knowledge tests of farmers. In addition, results from Pearson Correlations show that farmers’ characteristics such as age, gender, and level of education do not influence the uptake of knowledge on farming practices by farmers. However, results reveal a statistically significant association between the source of information (Radio Broadcast & audio CDs) and knowledge gain regarding most banana farming practices by farmers. This study provides further evidence that audio media in the form of radio broadcasts and audio CDs is a vital source for agricultural information to the rural farmers. Moreover, it can be concluded that farmers’ characteristics do not influence knowledge gain for banana farming practices when audio media is used as a medium of information dissemination. And thus, audio media remains a vital source of information for resource-poor farmers and can greatly enhance their agricultural knowledge when audio media is used as an intervention.