bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Environment Sanitation on Early Neonatal Death (0-7 days) in Situbondo District
Authors: Farhati Diana , Yani Ristya Widi Endah , Rokhmah Dewi
Published: June 2020

Environment sanitation was closely related to clean and health living behavior of society to keep cleanliness and health of surrounding environment. The failure of environment sanitation affected to incident of disaster and disease epidemic which was an indirect factor of neonatal death. This research aimed to analyze the effects of environment sanitation to the incident of early neonatal death (0-7 days) in Situbondo District. This research was categorized into descriptive analytic research which exerted case control approach. The population size was 206 respondents, while the sample size was 170 respondents, selected using simple random sampling. The sample was comprised of case group of 85 mothers whose babies died in the age (0-7 days) and the control group of 85 mothers whose babies alive in the age 0-28 days. Data were analyzed using logistic regression test. This research findings showed that it was found relationship between the waste water disposal and early neonatal death, with p-value of 0.091.

Keywords: environment sanitation; early neonatal death
Transient Solution of a Single Server Queuing Model with Correlated Reneging Using Runge-Kutta Method
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Soodan Bhavneet Singh
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the concept of correlated reneging is introduced in queuing theory. The reneging considered so far is dependent on system size, but there are many real life situations where customers may renege due to exogenous factors other than the state of the system. Further, the reneging of customer may induce the other customers to renege at two successive time points. Such reneging is called correlated reneging. An M/M/1/K queuing model with correlated reneging is studied. Runge-Kutta method of fourth order is presented to obtain the transient solution of the model. Some performance measures like expected system size and expected waiting time in the system are studied.
Parametric Effects on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance: An Analytical Perspective
Authors: Pachauri Rupendra , Sharma Abhishek , Rajput Shailendra
Published: June 2020

This paper introduces a regression study on the operating parameters of different types of fuel cells (FCs) such as fuel used, catalysts, efficiency, operating temperature, switching time, load carriers, applications with advantages. In addition, mathematical modeling of the Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered for MATLAB simulation and the inter-relationships of the parametric effect schemes are discussed. In the current study, the significant operational parameters such as operating temperature, reactant (H2 and O2) flow pressure, and membrane resistance are considered. The procured results in the form of I-V or polarization curve, efficiency, power and current density have been utilized owing to study the PEMFC behavior. For the validation, designed a single MATLAB/Simulink model of PEMFC is compared with commercial existing model. The results reflect the fine coordination between the simulated and commercially available PEMFC model. Present study can be used as a supportive tool to beginners to select the appropriate parameters for a FC assisted applications.
Reduction of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems by Extended Balanced Singular Perturbation Approximation
Authors: Suman Santosh Kumar , Kumar Awadhesh
Published: June 2020

A simplified approach for model order reduction (MOR) idea is planned for better understanding and explanation of large- scale linear dynamical (LSLD) system. Such approaches are designed to well understand the description of the LSLD system based upon the Balanced Singular Perturbation Approximation (BSPA) approach. BSPA is tested for minimum / non-minimal and continuous/discrete-time systems valid for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The reduced-order model (ROM) is designed to preserved complete parameters with reasonable accuracy employing MOR. The Proposed approach is based upon retaining the dominant modes (may desirable states) of the system and eliminating comparatively the less significant eigenvalues. As the ROM has been derived from retaining the dominant modes of the large- scale linear dynamical stable system, which preserves stability. The strong aspect of the balanced truncation (BT) method is that the steady-state values of the ROM do not match with the original system (OS). The singular perturbation approximation approach (SPA) has been used to remove this drawback. The BSPA has been efficaciously applied on a large-scale system and the outcomes obtained show the efficacy of the approach. The time and frequency response of an approximated system has been also demonstrated by the proposed approach, which proves to be an excellent match as compared to the response obtained by other methods in the literature review with the original system.
Influence of Magnetic Field on Thermal Radiation and Particle Shapes of Copper-Water Nanofluid Considering Marangoni Boundary Layer
Authors: Kanika KM , Chaudhary Santosh , Choudhary Mohan Kumar
Published: June 2020

This problem aims to address hydrodynamic Marangoni boundary layer flow of incompressible nanofluid along different shapes of particle like sphere, tetrahedron, column and lamina with exponential temperature. Choosing appropriate transformations, the governing equations are reduced to non-linear ordinary differential equations and then solved by using a perturbation technique. Impacts in velocity and temperature profiles for the relevant considering parameters namely nanoparticle volume fraction, magnetic parameter, empirical shape factor and radiation parameter are evaluated and shown through graphs. Moreover, computational values for influences of physical parameters on local surface heat flux are presented in table.
The Motivation of University Students of International Relations to Learn English
Authors: Markova Zarina , Yaneva Dessislava
Published: June 2020

This article reports on the findings of a study investigating the motivation of Bulgarian undergraduates of International Relations to learn English as a second language (L2). First, we consider language learning motivation in the context of three influential theoretical developments in research on motivation. Then, we report on a small-scale survey aiming to define the motivational profile of students of International Relations through the lens of the L2 Motivational Self System. The analysis of the survey data reveals similarities with findings of previous research as regards the favourable attitude towards English language learning, the prominent role of the ideal L2 self in the motivational pattern, and some doubt over the relation between the ought-to L2 self and the intended learning effort. The study results also indicate relations between travel orientation and the ought-to L2 self, and between the two types of instrumental motivation which have not been reported in previous research. These motivation peculiarities are explained through the specifics of the surveyed group that refer to students’ aspirations and potential careers in international relations.
English Mnemonic Lexicon: Constituent Structure and Verbalization Potential
Authors: Tivyaeva Irina , Syomina Olga
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a study of the system of lexical devices used by English speakers to verbalize their personal memory experiences. The approach presented in the paper presupposes inclusion of non-narrative structures into the spectrum of language forms conveying mnemonic meanings and extends the latter so as to encompass the meanings of encoding, storage, retrieval and loss. The research is based on the hypothesis that lexical units expressing memory-related meanings in English constitute a specifically organized system. A variety of communicative contexts representing mnemonic situations are analyzed as to develop a typology of memory verbalizers in English, estimate their functional potential and role in objectifying personal memory experiences on the lexical level. The results confirm the original hypothesis and suggest that mnemonic lexicon as a linguistic reflection of the mnemonic faculty is an important and largely understudied element of the language – memory system.
Creating the Authorial Self in Academic Texts: Evidence From the Expert’s Style of Writing
Authors: Szczygłowska Tatiana
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on an analysis of stance expressions in a 439,490-word corpus of Ken Hyland’s academic prose, encompassing 64 single-authored texts from journals, edited collections and his own monographs. Using WordSmith Tools 6.0, the study aims to find out how this expert academic writer creates his authorial self through stance mechanisms. The results reveal that Hyland’s authorial participation in his discourse is mostly manifested through hedges, somewhat less definitely through boosters, but relatively infrequently by attitude markers and self-mention. The choice of the specific stance devices indicates a preference for detached objectivity when formulating empirically verifiable propositions and a shift towards subjectivity when referring to discourse acts and research methodology. These findings contribute to our understanding of stance-taking expertise in applied linguistics and may thus assist novice writers in the field in a more effective management of their own performance of self in academic prose.
A Lost Lady: A Narrative of Manifest Destiny and Neocolonialism
Authors: Aqeeli Ammar
Published: June 2020

The greatly examined story of A Lost Lady usually depicts Mrs. Forrester’s success in meeting and adapting to the challenges of a changing world, a world characterized by materialism and self-fulfilment. However, the overlooked story, one far more disturbing than the privileged story in the text, is the narrative of oppressed groups of people of other races and the lower class. Drawing on some aspects of postcolonial theory, this paper explores Willa Cather’s own reactions to real changes in her society, to the waning power of imperialism, and of her nostalgic longing for the western prairies of her youth, without showing any sympathy for the dispossessed Native Americans and other oppressed races. It will also disclose the unmistakable colonial overtones, which remarkably resonate with the common discourse of “Manifest Destiny” during the time period of American expansion to the Wild West.
The Politics and Aesthetics of Storytelling in Diana Abu-Jaber’s "Crescent": A Strategic Implementation of an Old Folkloric Arab Tradition
Authors: Berrebbah Ishak
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses the politics and multi-functionality of storytelling in Diana Abu-Jaber’s novel Crescent (2003). I argue that the strategic use of storytelling places Crescent as a complex hybrid text that projects the nature, and development, of Arab American literature in the contemporary era. In addition to having the practice of storytelling as an apparatus to project identity in Crescent, Abu-Jaber re-appropriates its empowered status in Arab culture as well as politicizes its image in the mind of her readers. Besides employing critical and analytical approaches to the novel, this paper relies on arguments and perspectives of prominent postcolonial and literary critics and theorists such as Edward Said, Suzanne Keen, Walter Benjamin, and Samaya Sami Sabry, to name a few.
Actigraphy versus Polysomnography to Identify Changes in the Sleep Patterns of Adults with Insomnia
Authors: Garcia Andrea dos Santos , Neves Juliana Durães das , Vicentini Solange Campos , Nogueira Glycia de Almeida , Marques Juliana Mendes , Barreiros Raphael Neves , Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra da , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra da
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Insomnia is the most common sleep-wake disorder worldwide. Polysomnography is the complementary exam considered the gold standard for the identification of sleep disorders. However, Actigraphy – a method easily applicable for several consecutive days –, has emerged as an alternative tool. Objective. To evaluate the effectivity of actigraphy in comparison with polysomnography, in determining the sleep patterns of adults with insomnia. Method. Integrative review with meta-analysis, on which randomized observational and clinical studies were searched in the Cochrane Library, on MEDLINE through the PUBMED Portal, in the Google Scholar and on the TRIP DATABASE meta-search engine, from November 2019. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. The meta-analysis was performed using the Inverse-variance weighting, considering the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results. Six studies were included, representing 399 patients. The studies examine the effectivity of actigraphy in identifying the total sleep time, the latency, the Wake After Sleep and the sleep efficiency. It was noticed that the Actigraphy was close to polysomnography only when verifying sleep latency, with a small average difference of -1.46 (95% CI: -9.61 to 6.70 min.). The other outcomes evaluated had their values underestimated by actigraphy. The quality of the evidence was moderate and low. Conclusion. The evidence to evaluate the effectivity of actigraphy is still limited – especially when it is intended to compare it with polysomnography, since the studies found shown methodological limitations, mainly in the measurement of results.
FIBER CONCRETE FOR 3-D ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Klyuev Sergey , Klyuev Aleksandr , Shorstova Elena
Published: June 2020

fine-grained fiber concrete used in 3D printing is significantly different from conventional heavy concrete, which is determined by the increased consumption of cement, low water-cement ratio and the absence of large aggregates. The largest grain size of fine aggregate is selected taking into account the thickness of the section, the frequency and type of reinforcement, as well as the method of concrete placement. Despite the fact that the tensile strength of concrete on fine sand is more than 1.5 times higher than the strength of concrete on coarse sand, while there is a decrease in compressive strength. Due to the peculiarities of the technology of concrete manufacturing for layering, the use of coarse sands is impractical, and therefore it was decided to use quartz sand with a particle size module of 1.12 as a filler.
DEFORMATION OF THE PACKING ELEMENT WHEN THE DIFFERENT PRESSURE IN THE BOREHOLE
Authors: Dahno A. , Smirnov Yu. , Mashkov A. , Ryzhenko E.
Published: June 2020

a method for calculating the stress-deformed condition of the packing element shells reinforced with a system of metal tapes is proposed. The whole process of deformation of the shell under the influence of internal overpressure is conventionally divided into four stages. For each stage, the scheme of deformation of the shell is considered and the solution of the problem is given on the basis of the nonlinear theory of elasticity and the theory of soft shells. All stages of shell deformation considered in this paper are illustrated by the calculation scheme. An example of shell calculation with specified characteristics and deformation conditions is given.
SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF DAMS MADE OF GROUND MATERIALS
Authors: Orehov V. , Alekseev G.
Published: June 2020

the stability of the dam on Rogunskaya HPP made of ground materials is studied on the basis of numerical calculations of its spatial stress-strain state. The deformation and strength properties of the materials composing the dam body defined in the triaxial compression devices were used in the calculations. Limit values of strength properties of materials and controlled values of diagnostic indicators of a dam at which safety of its work is provided are established.
THE USE OF THE NATIONAL ORNAMENT OF THE KABARDINS AND BALKARS AS ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION OF FACADES OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Bzhahov M. , Sultanova A.
Published: June 2020

the article presents the results of research on the use of the national ornament of the Kabardins and Balkars as an architectural decoration of facades of buildings, contributing to the increase of architectural and artistic expression of facades of buildings. Classification of the national ornament of the Kabardins and Balkars is given, stylized schemes of the national ornament are considered and variants of their placement on facades of buildings as an architectural decor are offered.
THE MANIFESTATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Authors: Yazyeva S. , Yazyev B.
Published: June 2020

the article shows the presence of proportional correspondence of parts and the whole using the principles of fractal geometry in the formation of the concept of beauty of natural objects and phenomena. The objects of the artificial environment for the formation of images on the example of mathematical models of calculation of natural objects that have the properties of fractal are investigated. The article presents the types of fractals. Examples of fractal in physics, biology, chemistry are given. Fractal geometry can and should be used in modeling the structure of the artificial environment that humanity creates through architecture. The very process of designing a single building, and its integration into the urban environment, which in the process of formation is also quite chaotic, falls under the principles of fractal geometry. Modeling of these processes using the principles of fractal geometry allows not only to create the most comfortable artificial urban environment, but also to monitor the flow of all processes within it.
O trabalho com leitura em um sexto ano do ensino fundamental: limites e possibilidades
Authors: Camilo Thiago Moura , Ometto Cláudia Beatriz de Castro Nascimento
Published: June 2020

Este artigo é o recorte de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo compreender os processos de mediação dos professores das diversas áreas do conhecimento – Ciências, História, Geografia, Língua Portuguesa e Matemática – na promoção leitora dos alunos de um sexto ano do ensino fundamental, anos finais– eleitas as relações de ensino produzidas na sala de aula como o lugar de investigação. A pesquisa inseriu-se no contexto de uma investigação financiada pelo CNPq/CAPES, com o duplo objetivo de compreender as elaborações dos professores para o trabalho com a leitura e os aspectos relativos à formação de leitores e escritores na escola básica. Teoricamente, assumiu-se a perspectiva histórico-cultural do desenvolvimento humano, tal qual formulada por Vigotski (1998, 2008), articulada à perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva de Bakhtin (1997, 2009). Evidenciou-se a promoção da leitura em sala de aula, com a predominância de práticas cujos fins e modos se voltaram para as especificidades de cada disciplina, e não possibilitaram a compreensão, o comentário, a réplica, a interlocução e o cotejo entre textos. Esse modo de conceber a leitura evidenciou uma concepção de linguagem voltada para busca de informações no texto, em detrimento do processo de interação entre os sujeitos.
A literatura infantojuvenil no ensino de jovens e adultos em Dourados-MS: a difícil tarefa de formar leitores
Authors: Santos Iva Carla Aveline Teixeira dos , Pinheiro Alexandra Santos
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo procura tecer reflexões sobre a presença da literatura infantojuvenil no Ensino de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). A análise se pauta nas vozes de alunos do EJA de diferentes idades, com discursos marcados pela privação ao texto literário, infantojuvenil ou não. Diante das considerações feitas pelos estudantes, surgem inquietações a respeito das possíveis dificuldades do mediador para inseri-los no mundo da literatura, a começar pelo material didático que pouco contribui nesse sentido. A presença da literatura infantojuvenil nesta modalidade de ensino é de vasta importância, já que uma de suas funções, mesmo que implícita, é estimular a imaginação, garantindo a esses sujeitos o direito de apropriar-se de realidades lúdicas e repensar a sua própria realidade. Além disso, ela atua de forma rica e eficaz na formação do leitor. Sabe-se que hoje não se divide a literatura por faixa etária, mas ao trazer as vozes de alunos do EJA para esta reflexão, pode-se notar que, se não há a presença da literatura infantojuvenil, a prática da leitura é quase imperceptível. Esta análise dialoga com os especialistas da leitura na escola e do ensino de literatura, como  Barthes, Chartier, Candido, Cosson e Zilberman.
A leitura a partir da fenomenologia e semiótica de C. S. Peirce
Authors: Garcia André Luiz Ming
Published: June 2020

No presente artigo, procura-se apresentar a fenomenologia e a semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, através do estudo de suas três categorias fenomenológicas, a fim de ajudar-nos a entender uma proposta de leitura de signos estéticos como um processo trifásico, que se inicia na leitura emotiva ou de sensações e impressões, correspondente à primeiridade, perpassando a leitura de comparações e choques e atingindo, por fim, a leitura crítica e analítica das redes de sentidos e representações que podem dar origem a obras e textos de natureza verbal, visual ou verbovisual (assumindo-se aqui, portanto, uma versão pansemiótica de texto).
Por um modo de vida alegre
Authors: Silva Renata Ferreira da
Published: June 2020

Este texto arrisca pensar uma dimensão ética, entendida como modo de vida, como modo de existência dado na política de relações que experimentamos. Spinoza e Deleuze são afetos que norteiam um pequeno percurso filosófico concatenando corpo, alegria e potência de agir numa dimensão ética da educação. Aqui já não podemos nos amarrar mais a nenhum discurso salvacionista para a educação, a nenhum futuro que nos permita experimentar a alegria. Defende-se ativar nossas potências agora.
As produções cinematográficas dos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa
Authors: Chaves Marina Oliveira Felix de Mello , Miranda Bruna Suelen Rocha , Padeira Ana Rita de Sá Soveral
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o Cinema Africano de Língua Portuguesa e sua trajetória como um elemento atuante no cenário político de nações que passaram por profundas transformações desde a segunda metade do século passado até hoje. A partir de um levantamento das produções cinematográficas dos cinco países – Angola, Moçambique, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau e São Tomé e Príncipe –, realizado até agosto de 2011, foram propostas algumas questões e reflexões sobre este assunto ainda pouco estudado.
Falar, Cantar, Gritar: o controle da voz feminina no cinema americano
Authors: Greene Liz
Published: June 2020

Os pesquisadores dos estudos fílmicos feministas vêm argumentando, há muito tempo, que existe um preconceito visual na maneira como o corpo feminino é representado nas telas. Este artigo explora o prolongamento desse preconceito ao incluir o som: como o som é utilizado para representar as mulheres no cinema americano. Explora-se aqui a representação sonora em alguns filmes-chave, incluindo Dançando na Chuva (Singin’in the Rain), Cidade dos Sonhos (Mulholand Drive), Veludo Azul (Blue Velvet) e Cidadão Kane (Citizen Kane).
Nas margens do (con)texto: Projeto Agente de Leitura atendendo famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Matos Naylane Araújo , Sousa Denise Dias de Carvalho
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho visa apresentar e discutir o projeto Agente de Leitura, uma iniciativa de fomento à leitura entre famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social no estado da Bahia, mais especificamente na cidade de Serrolândia. Tal iniciativa contempla o segundo eixo estipulado pelo Plano Nacional do Livro e Leitura (PNLL): Fomento à leitura e à formação de mediadores. Esta pesquisa, em cujo projeto uma das pesquisadoras se envolveu de forma sistemática e permanente, tem cunho participativo. Embora seja uma iniciativa significativa, o projeto apresenta problemas que comprometem sua execução e eficácia e, assim como outros projetos de fomento à leitura, se não for consolidado como política pública, haverá sempre o risco de descontinuidade.
Selective Adsorption and Electrocatalysis of Polysulfides through Hexatomic Nickel Clusters Embedded in N-Doped Graphene toward High-Performance Li-S Batteries
Authors: Ji Jiapeng , Sha Ying , Li Zeheng , Gao Xuehui , Zhang Teng , Zhou Shiyu , Qiu Tong , Zhou Shaodong , Zhang Liang , Ling Min , Hou Yanglong , Liang Chengdu
Published: June 2020

The shuttle effect hinders the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries due to the poor affinity between a substrate and Li polysulfides (LiPSs) and the sluggish transition of soluble LiPSs to insoluble Li
2
S or elemental S. Here, we report that Ni hexatomic clusters embedded in a nitrogen-doped three-dimensional (3D) graphene framework (Ni-N/G) possess stronger interaction with soluble polysulfides than that with insoluble polysulfides. The synthetic electrocatalyst deployed in the sulfur cathode plays a multifunctional role: (i) selectively adsorbing the polysulfides dissolved in the electrolyte, (ii) expediting the sluggish liquid-solid phase transformations at the active sites as electrocatalysts, and (iii) accelerating the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction of multielectron sulfur, thereby inhibiting the dissolution of LiPSs. The constructed S@Ni-N/G cathode delivers an areal capacity of 9.43 mAh cm
-2
at 0.1 C at S loading of 6.8 mg cm
-2
, and it exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 1104 mAh g
-1
with a capacity fading rate of 0.045% per cycle over 50 cycles at 0.2 C at S loading of 2.0 mg cm
-2
. This work opens a rational approach to achieve the selective adsorption and expediting of polysulfide transition for the performance enhancement of Li-S batteries.
Recent Advances in Targeting of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Based on Biological Concepts and Drug Delivery System Modification
Authors: Aaliyari-Serej Zeynab , Ebrahimi Ayyub , Barazvan Balal , Ebrahimi-Kalan Abbas , Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Kazemi Tohid , Baradaran Behzad
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer with various biological diversity known as the common reason of death in the world and despite progress in novel therapeutic approaches, it faced with failure and recurrence in general. Recent clinical and preclinical statistics support cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis and its similarities with normal stem cells. Evaluation of related paper conclude in significance finding in the further characterization of CSCs biology such as surface biomarkers, microenvironment regulatory molecules, cell signaling pathways, cell to cell transition and drug efflux pumps to overcome multidrug resistance and effective therapy. Emerging novel data indicate biological concepts in the base of unsuccessful treatment. A powerful understanding of the cell signaling pathways in cancer and CSCs topics can be led us to define and control treatment problems in cancer. More recently nano medicine based on drug delivery system modification and new implications on combinatorial therapy have been used to treat breast cancer effectively. The aim of this review is focus on CSCs as a potential target of cancer therapy, to overcome the limitation and problems of current therapeutic strategies in cancer.
Integrated Quality by Design Approach for Developing Nanolipidic Drug Delivery Systems of Olmesartan Medoxomil with Enhanced Antihypertensive Action
Authors: Arun Jagdish Kumar , Vodeti Rajeshwar , Shrivastava Birendra , Bakshi Vasudha
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
The present work endeavors to report a systematic approach of developing the lipidic self-nanoemulsifying formulation of olmesartan medoxomil (OMT) on the principles of Quality by Design (QbD). Methods: For preparing the self-nanoemulsifying formulation, a mixture of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant were used as vehicles. The excipients were selected after screening by solubility as well as pseudoternary phase titration studies. Mixture design was adopted for systematic optimization of the composition of nanolipidic formulations, which were evaluated for smaller globule size, stable zeta potential and lower values of polydispersity index. The optimized liquid self-nanoemulsifying formulation was identified using numerical and graphical optimization techniques, followed by validation of the experimental model. Solidification of self-nanoemulsifying formulation was carried out using porous carriers, and then optimized on the basis of oil adsorption potential, powder flow property and drug release performance. Pharmacokinetic study was performed in male Wistar rats for evaluating the drug absorption parameters. All the experimental data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using oneway ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis using Student’s t test. Results: The optimized liquid self-nanoemulsifying formulation showed globule size <100 nm, emulsification efficiency <5 minutes and in vitro drug release >85% within in 30 minutes. Further, the solid SNEDDS formulation was effectively formulated using Neusilin US2 with maximum oil adsorption capacity and good micromeritic properties. Pharmacokinetic evaluation indicated 4 to 5-folds increase (P<0.05) in the values of Cmax, AUC, and reduction in Tmax from the nanoformulations vis-à-vis the marketed formulation. Conclusion: Overall, the developed nanolipidic formulation of olmesartan indicated superior efficacy in augmenting the drug dissolution and absorption performance.
Development of Floating Tablets of Metformin HCl by Thermoplastic Granulation. Part II:In VitroEvaluation of the Combined Effect of Acacia Gum/HPMC on Biopharmaceutical Performances
Authors: Djebbar Mohamed , Chaffai Nacéra , Bouchal Fatiha
Published: June 2020

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect, acacia gum(AG)/ hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), on biopharmaceutical performances of floating tablets of metformin hydrochloride (MTH) prepared by thermoplastic granulation using stearic acid.Methods:We have prepared the matrixes using AG/HPMC as a polymer combination. This combination of polymers which represents 15% of the total mass of tablet was used at various ratios 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, with two viscosity grade of HPMC (k15M and k100M). The developed matrixes have been evaluated for their pharmacotechnical and biopharmaceutical properties.Results:In addition to the satisfactory physical characteristics of matrixes, it was revealed that the Fc3 and Fc6 formulations with AG/HPMC k15M and AG/HPMC k100M respectively, at ratio, 1:3 were considered the most performance. These formulations have shown swelling, fast flotation, 360 and 480 seconds respectively, and remained floating on the surface of the medium for more than 24 hours, with the matrix integrity, while F1, containing only AG, did not show swelling and did not float. In addition, extendedin vitrorelease (>8 hours) with decreased dissolved MTH rates was demonstrated for Fc3 and Fc6 matrixes, 95% and 91% respectively, compared to F1 where MTH dissolution was complete after 2 hours. The drug release from the highest-performance matrixes (Fc3 and Fc6) was found to follow Korsmeyer-Peppas’s model. The mechanism drug release was controlled by diffusion and erosion.Conclusion:The AG/HPMC combination was suitable as a polymer matrix to improve thein vitrobiopharmaceutical properties of MTH compared to AG.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Casein Nanoparticles as Carrier for Celecoxib
Authors: Madan Jyotsana R. , Ansari Izharahemad N. , Dua Kamal , Awasthi Rajendra
Published: June 2020

Purpose
: The objective of this work was to formulate casein (CAS) nanocarriers for the dissolution enhancement of poorly water soluble drug celecoxib (CLXB). Methods: The CLXB loaded CAS nanocarriers viz., nanoparticles, reassembled CAS micelles and nanocapsules were prepared using sodium caseinate (SOD-CAS) as a carrier to enhance the solubility of CLXB. The prepared formulations were characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, percentage entrapment efficiency, and surface morphology for the selection of best formulation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction study was used to for the confirmation of encapsulation of CLXB. Further, in vitro drug dissolution, ex-vivo permeation studies on chicken ileum and stability studies were carried out. Results: The CLXB loaded casein nanoparticles (CNP) (batch A2) showed a particle size diameter 216.1 nm, polydispersity index 0.422 with percentage entrapment efficiency of 90.71% and zeta potential of -24.6 mV. Scanning electron microscopy of suspension confirmed globular shape of CNP. The in vitro release data of optimized batch followed non Fickian diffusion mechanism. The ex vivo permeation studies on chicken ileum of CLXB loaded CNP showed permeation through mucous membrane as compared to pure CLXB. The apparent permeability of best selected freeze dried CLXB loaded CNP (batch A2) was higher and gradually increased from 0.90 mg/cm2 after 10 min to a maximum of 1.95 mg/cm2 over the subsequent 90 min. A higher permeation was recorded at each time point than that of the pure CLXB. Conclusion: The study explored the potential of CAS as a carrier for solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs.
Contribution of Lysosome and Sigma Receptors to Neuroprotective Effects of Memantine Against Beta-Amyloid in the SH-SY5Y Cells
Authors: Keshavarz Mojtaba , Farrokhi Majid Reza , Amirinezhad Fard Elahe , Mehdipour Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Purpose
: Memantine is an approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Autophagy, lysosome dysfunction, and sigma receptors have possible roles in the pathophysiology of AD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the contribution of sigma receptors and lysosome inhibition to the neuroprotective effects of memantine against amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: We determined the neuroprotective effects of memantine (2.5 µM), dizocilpine (MK801, as a selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist) (5 μM) against Aβ25– 35 (2 μg/μL)-induced neurotoxicity. We used chloroquine (10, 20, and 40 μM) as a lysosome inhibitor and BD-1063 (1, 10, and 30 μM) as a selective sigma receptor antagonist. The MTT assay was used to measure the neurotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cells. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. Results: Memantine (2.5 µM), dizocilpine (5 µM), chloroquine (10 and 20 µM) and BD-1063 (1, 10 and 30 µM) decreased the neurotoxic effects of Aβ on the SH-SY5Y cells. However, chloroquine (40 µM) increased the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. Cell viability in the cells treated with memantine + Aβ + chloroquine (10, 20, and 40 μM) was significantly lower than the memantine + Aβ-treated group. Moreover, cell viability in the memantine + Aβ group was higher than the memantine + Aβ + BD-1063 (10 and 30 μM) groups. Conclusion: The lysosomal and sigma receptors may contribute to the neuroprotective mechanism of memantine and other NMDA receptor antagonists. Moreover, the restoration of lysosomes function and the modulation of sigma receptors are potential targets in the treatment of AD.
Activation of PPARγ Inhibits TLR4 Signal Transduction Pathway in Melanoma Cancer In Vitro
Authors: Dana Nasim , Vaseghi Golnaz , Haghjooy  Javanmard Shaghayegh
Published: June 2020

Purpose
: Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is known as a regulator of fatty acid storage, fat cell differentiation, glucose and lipid metabolism, recent studies show that PPARγ has anticancer effects. The mechanisms of PPARγ activation in melanoma cancer remain unclarified. Recently, increased TLR4 expression has been associated with the melanoma cancer progression. We investigated whether the anti-cancer effect of PPARγ is through regulating TLR4 signaling pathway. Methods: Mouse melanoma cells (B16F10) were treated in different groups: control, pioglitazone (1, 10, 100, 300 µmol/L), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 µg/mL) and LPS + pioglitazone. In another experiment, they were treated with CLI-095 (1 μM), and after 1 hour pioglitazone was added and subsequently stimulated with LPS. MTT assay was performed to measure the cell viability in vitro. The expression of Tlr4, Myd88, Nf-κb genes were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in different groups. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha and Interleukin 1 beta in the cell culture medium were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: We show that activation of PPARγ by its agonist, pioglitazone, reduces cell proliferation, Tlr-4, Myd-88, Nf-kb mRNA expression, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production but not interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in B16F10 LPS–stimulated cells in vitro. Moreover, treatment of B16F10 cells with TLR4 inhibitor prior treatment with pioglitazone indicate that the anticancer effects of pioglitazone on melanoma cells was dependent on TLR4. Conclusion: The results indicate that pioglitazone has a beneficial protective effect against melanoma by affecting the TLR4 signaling pathway.
Non-Classical Effects of the cAMP Accumulation Activators In Vivo
Authors: Martynov Artur , Bomko Tatyana , Nosalskaya Tatyana , Farber Boris , Brek Ostap
Published: June 2020

Purpose
: Wound-healing dipyridamole- and papaverine-based aerosols (D1/D2) as activators of the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate are promising drugs that can accelerate wound healing in wound processes of various origins. Methods: 128 rats were used in the study, including 38 in a pharmacological experiment on a model of stencil wounds and 90 in an experiment that studied the effect of spray on the number of CD34 cells in the blood of rats with chemically induced immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency was caused by the fivefold administration of cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The expression level of CD34 was determined using flow cytofluorimeter. Results: Dipyridamole- and papaverine-based aerosols of two compositions (with and without ascorbic acid) have pronounced reparative properties, significantly accelerating epithelialization and healing of stencil wounds in rats. In terms of this type of action, they are somewhat superior to dexpanthenol. Dipyridamole- and papaverine-based aerosols have the ability to produce beneficial effect on the entire body’s immune system by stimulating the division of pluripotent CD34 cells. The combined effect of papaverine and dipyridamole on tissues leads to selective stimulation of the division of pluripotent cells in the wound, and contributes to a six-fold acceleration of restoration of the animal’s immune system after induced immunodeficiency. Conclusion: Topical application of D1/D2 aerosol samples on the skin of rats contributed to a statistically significant acceleration of regeneration processes. In terms of the appearance of granulations and epithelialization of wounds, D1/D2 aerosols were superior to dexpanthenol ointment.
Creation and Analysis of Obstacle Plans with Geographic Informatıon System: Samsun Çarşamba Airport Example
Authors: UZUN Ömer Faruk , SESLİ Faik Ahmet
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, ulaşım sektöründe her geçen gün daha fazla tercih edilen hava yolu ulaşımının güvenli bir biçimde sağlanabilmesi amacıyla ortaya çıkan hava mânia planlarının; gereklilik sebepleri ile oluşturulma süreçlerinin yasal dayanakları aktarılmış ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri tekniklerinden faydalanarak Samsun ilinde yerel bir uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu yerel uygulamada, belirlenen çalışma alanı içerisinde bulunan doğal ve beşerî ortamların özellikleri incelenmiş, sınıflandırılmış ve CBS ortamında ilgili haritaları üretilmiştir. Enerji nakil hatları, yapılar, ağaçlar vb.lerinin lazermetre ile yapılan ölçümlerinde, maksimum yükseklik 34 metre olarak saptanmıştır. Buna göre Samsun Çarşamba Havalimanı çevresinde uçuşa engel teşkil edebilecek manialara rastlanılmamıştır. Ancak havalimanı, Samsun, Tekkeköy ve Çarşamba’nın kentsel gelişim hattı üzerindedir. Kentsel gelişimi düzenlemeyi amaçlayan imar planlarının hazırlanması veya halihazırdaki plan değişimlerinde ortaya çıkabilecek manialara karşı kurumlar arası iş birliğinin teknolojik imkanlar da kullanılarak geliştirilerek devam ettirilmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu sayede hava operasyonları ve kentsel gelişim düzenlemeleri ekonomik ve sosyal maliyet unsurları açısından minimum düzeyde tutulabilir.
The Causal Nexus between Public Debt and Economic Growth, A Multivariate Time Series Analysis: Experience from a SAARC Nation
Authors: Dey Subroto , Saha Subrata , Bhowmik Dipti
Published: June 2020

This research paper enquires about the topicality of the dependence of Bangladesh’s economy on public debt. Several authors examined the bearings of public debt and economic growth in different counties and they provided mixed results about the direction of the relation. This study is conducted to find out the causal relationship between public debt and growth from the perspective of Bangladesh’s economy, and we use export as a control variable. We excerpted annual time series data from the World Bank website (WDI), IMF, and fiscal year 1986 to 2018 data were gathered. One can treat budget deficit as the mother of public debt because the incarnation of the former usually precedents to the creation of the later. Several econometric tools have been behaved as Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips – Peron (PP), Johansen co integration, Vector error correction model, and Granger casualty to explore short-run causality of public debt on growth.
Egypt Public Debt Dynamic and its’ Trajectory Projection
Authors: Abdu Mohammed I.
Published: June 2020

Egypt’s general government debt recorded a precarious level at the end of the fiscal year 2015/16 by 103.2% of GDP. Although the economic reform program has succeeded in putting the debt level on a downturn path, the debt level is still high compared to the other middle income economies countries group and is subject to significant risks. The paper aims to identify the main drivers of the change in Egypt’s general government debt as a percentage of the GDP,starting from 1999 to 2019 by using a multiple regression model. Also, the paper reviews the Egyptian public debt trajectory under different scenarios for the upcoming five years (2020 – 2024). The findings of the applied model correspond to the economic theory, as both the previous year debt and exchange rate lead to an increase in the debt level as a percentage of GDP. On the other hand, real GDP growth, interest rate, and the primary balance have a reduction effect. Furthermore, the model is used to forecast the debt level over the medium term under different scenarios. The results show that the debt level as a percentage of GDP is expected to spike in 2020 and then return to the downturn trajectory gradually. Also, the compound shock consisting of the shrink of real GDP growth and exchange rate depreciation will have the most severe effect.
Effectiveness of Micro-Credit Programs in Socio-Economic Development: A Study on Selected NGOs in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Touhidul , Ahmed Dr. Razu , Aktar Kohinur
Published: June 2020

Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) evolved in Bangladesh with the commitment of bringing positive social change and attaining balanced socio-economic development through the disbursement of micro-credit among the marginal people in society. The main intention of the study is to assess the impact of micro-credit on the overall socio-economic development of micro-credit receivers. The Chi-square (χ2) and Multinomial Logistic Regression techniques have applied on primary data collected from 260 beneficiaries of micro-credit of ASA and BRAC NGOs in the Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The χ2 analysis shows that the amount of micro-credit taken has a significant positive impact on respondents’ type of home, sanitation facilities, ownership of other household assets, health service received, yearly income, expenditure, and savings, and participation in family’s decision making, whereas an insignificant relationship is observed for occupational status, children education, ownership of land and livestock, sources of drinking water, economic solvency, and social status of the respondents.
La constitucionalidad del proceso de alimentos sin audiencia
Authors: Huanca Luque Adolfo
Published: June 2020

Es de conocimiento público el reclamo de los usuarios en la demorade los procesos judiciales, entre ellos la demora del proceso dealimentos. También los jueces comprenden dicha exigencia, porello han realizado reformas al proceso único, que han consistido enapartarse del texto de las normas jurídicas hasta lograr desarrollarprocesos de alimentos sin audiencias únicas, constituyendo esteproceder plenamente constitucional, con el cual se lograronresultados increíbles como emitir sentencias en 16 y 19 días.
El bloque de convencionalidad en el desarrollo del ISN que evalúa derechos de orden multidimensional e interdependientes a favor de niños y adolescentes
Authors: Bermúdez-Tapia Manuel
Published: June 2020

En la evaluación de los conflictos sociofamiliares que registran un trámite en el Poder Judicial, se destaca una situación particular: la tutela de los derechos de personas dependientes, con una minoridad de edad, que están sometidas a la discrecionalidad de sus progenitores y que no logran ser atendidos en sus necesidades Más básicas y urgentes (alimentos), especialmente porque el trámite judicial no evalúa la verdadera dimensión de sus derechos, que en esencia se convierten en multidimensionales e interdependientes, y sobre la cual se requiere reconfigurar la naturaleza jurídica del interés superior del niño para así desarrollar una mejor definición que parta de la defensa del derecho alimentario y se extienda a otros derechos de niños y adolescentes.
Cuando la identidad de la infancia se encuentra sujeta al pago de la prueba genética. El valor de los apercibimientos previos, claros y sencillos en los procesos de filiación de paternidad extramatrimonial
Authors: Rimachi Huaripaucar Hugo
Published: June 2020

Con las sucesivas reformas legislativas que regulan el proceso de filiación de paternidad extramatrimonial, lo que se ha generado es que ante la interposición de la demanda, la única defensa del supuesto padre demandado es oponerse al mandato de paternidad sometiéndose a la prueba de ADN en el plazo de diezdías siguientes de notificado válidamente y pagando su costo ante un laboratorio. De lo contrario, sin más trámite, se declarará su paternidad respecto al niño, niña o adolescente de quien se alega su paternidad. Esta fórmula legislativa, en el caso de aquellos padres que a sabiendas de su paternidad no han reconocido asus hijos en forma voluntaria y dejan pasar los plazos, operará perfectamente. Sin embargo, en esta investigación se analiza en los supuestos en donde los demandados habiéndose opuesto a la declaración de paternidad no efectivizan las gestiones necesarias para la obtención de la prueba biológica, como por ejemplo la falta de pago de la prueba en el plazo previsto, o habiendo pagado la inicial no pagan el saldo de esta cuando se trata de un pago fraccionado; o, no obstante al inicial compromiso de pago, solicitan contrariamente que se les otorgue el auxilio judicial; entre otros supuestos que muchas veces la norma antes referida no regula expresamente. En muchos de los casos simplemente ha generado que los operadores de justicia opten por soluciones rápidas en desmedro de algunos de los justiciables, como en el caso de que se opte por una solución rápida para declararse inmediatamente la paternidad del demandado sin agotarse en lo posible la realización de la prueba biológica. O también que se opte por un tratamiento lento que priorice los intereses económicos del demandado en desmedro de la tutela urgente, cuando se trata del derecho a la identidad de la infancia que se encuentra en situación de vulnerabilidad.Por todo lo anterior, y sobre la base de esta problemática, considero que es necesario implementar criterios jurisprudenciales para agotar en lo posible los apercibimientos previos, claros, precisos y sencillos para que se haga efectiva la prueba biológica; o, de lo contrario, ante lo reiterado en la conducta omisiva de los demandados, hacer efectivo el apercibimiento de declararse su paternidad, lo que sin duda nos otorgará la seguridad jurídica en función de un derecho tan trascendente como la identidad mediante los resultados de la prueba o en su defecto en función de la conducta procesal reiterada del supuesto padre.