bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the restorative impact of nature through multimodal mobile sensing of neural, physiological, and behavioral activity in ambulatory settings
Authors: Curtin Adrian , Topoglu Yigit , Alshehri Saqer , Woodburn Michael , Martin Lynelle , Suri Rajneesh , Ayaz Hasan
Published: June 2023

One of the fundamental principles of neuroergonomics is that human cognition is profoundly shaped by the environment in which it operates. In the modern world, this environment can often be highly artificial, noisy, barren, and intentionally distracting. On the other hand, natural environments compare favorably as they may offer not only an appreciation of beauty but a rich array of sensory and contextual information which can be undemanding to the observer. Attention Restoration Theory (ART) proposes that exposure to natural environments can provide various benefits to stress, health, and cognition. Understanding how the brain responds to natural environment presentation poses a crucial hurdle to using traditional neuroimaging techniques as many approaches necessitate highly controlled and resultingly, low-fidelity stimuli presentation to mimic the environmental effects of nature. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive brain monitoring technology that relies on optical techniques to detect changes in cortical hemodynamic responses to human perceptual, cognitive, and motor functioning, is an ideal candidate tool for understanding the brain in natural environments. In this paper, we will describe an experimental setup that involves the integration of mobile fNIRS systems with simultaneous wrist-based optical heart rate monitoring (OHRM) and electrodermal activity (EDA) recordings that can record the cognitive and physiological responses of individuals to natural settings.
An Analysis of the South African Automotive Industry Local Content as an Approach to Global Competitiveness
Authors: M Ikome John , Timothy Laseinde Opeyeolu
Published: June 2023

This paper attempt to analyse the global competitiveness of the South African automotive industry with a major focus of it local content and importation of automotive components, a well-structured questionnaire was developed after a careful literature review and administered in the case studies automotive industries, the analysis indicates that importation of cheap automotive components have a negatively impact on the South African automotive industry and proper control of importation will be a possible solution for a well balance and competitive improvement for the South African automotive industry.
How stress and time spent on task affect safe behavior at work: evidence from experiment by simulating work in hazardous conditions in VR
Authors: Savanevičienė Asta , Šakytė-Statnickė Gita , Girdauskiene Lina
Published: June 2023

The rapid development of digital technologies has enabled significant advances in the training of workers working in hazardous conditions. VR technologies have made it possible not only to make the training process cheaper, but also to transfer it to a safe space. Employees, when working in hazardous conditions, often have to deal with complex technical operations and at the same time strictly follow safe work rules and work procedures. The paper examines the interaction of time spent on tasks, stress (based on biomarkers: HR, HRV, GSR), safe behavior in training skills by simulating work in dangerous conditions in VR. In doing this, 50 experiments were performed testing VR applications for work in hazardous conditions in the construction sector. The results of the study showed that time spent on tasks and stress influence the safe behavior at work (number of errors) when working in hazardous environments. Moreover, immersion in VR was assessed using the adapted Slater-Usoh-Steed questionnaire (SUS), and based on the interview after simulation, insights are provided on how to enhance the immersion in VR applications for training of workers working in hazardous conditions.
The Importance of Well-Being for Organisational Culture
Authors: Arslanparcasi Yusuf
Published: June 2023

The culture of an organisation is an abstraction that unfolds in social and organisational situations. Following Schein’s (1984) 3-level-model, organisational culture reflects the behaviour of all members of an organisation. However, an important concept in organisational culture research that is often neglected is well-being in the work context, which is often conceptualised in a hedonic and context-free way (Taris & Schaufeli, 2014). This paper argues that well-being allows the exploration of individual aspects of organisational culture and serves to capture an overall picture. To do so, a different approach to thinking about well-being in the work context is needed, based on an adaptation of Carol Ryff's (1989) Psychological Well-Being Model and Bakker and Demerouti's (2018) Job Demands-Resources Model as a theoretical framework. Such a holistic approach to researching organisational culture will allow to identify and explore interdependencies and interactions between individual aspects.
COOPE – a framework for managing coopetition in the platform economy
Authors: Loew Louisa , Fischer Thomas , Neuhüttler Jens
Published: June 2023

Over the last 20 years platform business models become increasingly important in global economies. Digital economy and platform business models offer great potential for adding value to digital or digital enabled products. Companies can gain significant network effects and connect with different user groups via digital transaction platforms.Companies planning to enter platform business models traditionally have a choice between ‘making or buying’ a platform or enter existing ecosystems. Both options come with significant disadvantages in terms of risk, costs and governance. A promising innovative option for smaller players like SMEs or startup companies is the “co-opetition” approach. Companies co-operating with competitors to pool their economic strength and network effects in a joint platform and reduce market entry risks. In addition, potentials for reducing the costs of setting up IT infrastructures can be realised.Despite the advantages, the co-opetition approach also presents companies with design-related challenges. One challenge, for example, is to sustainably protect key competitive advantages and unique resources despite the cooperation and intensive exchange with competitors. If two or more competitors work together on a digital platform solution to collect, analyse and use machine data, the data could create unintended transparency about machine performance, strengths and weaknesses. Clear demarcation, control options and the building of trust between the companies are needed here. At the operational level, for example, it is important to establish a culture of cooperation among employees that allows for intensive exchange in some areas and competitive thinking and behaviour in others.In this paper we present a model for co-opetition in platform-economy combining concepts of platform economy, co-opetition and agility. Based on theoretical concepts a three-dimensional model has been elaborated that reduces complexity and provides decision support for relationship building with competitors in the dimensions: (1) strategy to enter platform economy (2) design layer which allows structural but agile coordination of relationships and (3) perspectives that need consideration on platforms. By combining the different concepts and perspectives, the model provides a theoretical framework for decision-making and supports companies in assessing the potentials of coopetition and realising them through appropriate design.
AI-based Services - Design Principles to Meet the Requirements of a Trustworthy AI
Authors: Kutz Janika , Neuhüttler Jens , Spilski Jan , Lachmann Thomas
Published: June 2023

The development of Human-Centered and Trustworthy AI-based services has recently attracted increased attention in politics and science. Even though that technical advances have received many of the attention lately, ethical considerations are becoming more and more important. One of the most valuable publications in this area is the "Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI" of the European Commission (EC). One approach to assist developers in implementing these requirements during the development process is to provide design guidelines. The aim of this paper is to identify which action-oriented design principles can be applied to satisfy the requirements for Trustworthy AI. For this purpose, the design principles published by Major providers of commercial AI-based services were contrasted with the seven requirements of the EC. The results indicate that some design principles can be used to meet the requirements of Trustworthy AI. At the same time, however, it becomes clear that work on Ethical AI should be extended by aspects related to Human-AI Interaction and service process quality.
Ethical AI for a Better Society: The Challenging Task of Driving the Digital and Ecological Transformation in Italy
Authors: Colurcio Maria , Caridà Angela , Altimari Ambra
Published: June 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to play a significant transformative role for a better society and collective well-being in line with the goals of the 2030 Agenda UN. To drive social innovation, AI must be built on ethical principles and human-centred values. The link between AI, ethics, and social innovation is quite unexplored in the literature and has never been more relevant as European countries develop national plans for post-pandemic recovery. In Italy, the Plan for Recovery and Resilience (PNRR) identifies AI as a strategic asset for investment in all sectors to support the country's transition to a more digital and sustainable economy and an inclusive society. This paper explains the role of ethical AI in the context of ecological and digital transformation, which is at the heart of the Italian Recovery Plan - Next Generation EU for Italy. It expands knowledge on the transformative role of AI in management studies; it provides highlights to policy makers for the development of socially oriented AI from a service ecosystem perspective.
Technology - competence - learning within HR analytics solutions - a holistic approach to enable digital transformation and value creation
Authors: Dworschak Bernd , Karapidis Alexander
Published: June 2023

In times of organizational transformation, e.g. with regard to increased digitization or the development of new business models to improve value creation, it is necessary to identify competence requirements at an early stage. Therefore, trends and technologies require organizations to deal with the existing competences within the organization and to carry out early identification of competences in order to be able to react early to changing competence requirements.The Fraunhofer competence compass, which covers all process steps of a strategy-oriented competence management, is used as the basis for determining competence requirements. Competence management and the determination of competence requirements contained therein aim to make individual and organizational competences in the company tangible in order to be able to use them profitably (e.g. with regard to competitiveness and value creation) and to be able to develop them systematically and in a targeted manner. In combination with the results of the trend and technology analysis, job profiles of the future with new competence requirements then can be developed or new job profiles can be identified. What is the challenge then for HR? The challenge is to establish a data driven competence management, hence to make use of HR/People Analytics. This requires a consistently data-based architecture that anticipates new business requirements and identifies the resulting necessities for developing new competences. Subsequently, learning offers adapted to the needs of the employees and their requirements are proposed, implemented and evaluated. For this purpose, existing data models have to be evaluated and possibly redefined, data sources have to be newly developed and in a "control center" e.g. in the form of an AI-based dashboard. In the context of data-based competence management activities, practical data analytics procedures must also be identified, implemented as prototypes and tested. Thus, HR is faced with new requirements in the field of HR/people analytics. HR should be able to carry out or support well-founded data analyses, how these and corresponding hypotheses relate to business-relevant questions (such as the development of value creation) and what actions can be taken based on the analyses. This requires more than just IT competence, it also requires specialist technical knowledge. However, what is needed is the ability to translate strategic questions of corporate development into relevant hypotheses, to obtain the relevant data and to analyze them. Finally, the contribution tries to relate the approach of a strategy-oriented competence management and the characteristics of workforce ecosystems, a new strategic approach to the future of work, and to draw corresponding conclusions for HR/people analytics.
Methods and tools in Remote Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic - a case study
Authors: Motała Daria , Stachowiak Agnieszka , Wojciechowski Hubert , Ragin-Skorecka Katarzyna
Published: June 2023

The goal of the paper was to identify which tools and methods were used by teachers for classes conducted in the remote mode during the pandemic. The study was conducted with the application of a survey questionnaire distributed among students and teachers. The survey for students aimed to find out about their perception of their teachers’ involvement and competence in using e-learning tools, as well as students’ preferences regarding individual tools and their usefulness. Teachers answered the questions on how they see their e-learning competence and which tools they found helpful or insufficient. By comparing both perspectives in findings of the surveys we were able to identify similarities and differences in preferences as to tools and methods used in remote learning. On this basis we selected the tools and methods with the highest potential for further, in-depth study. Element determining the proper and effective implementation of online classes is lecturers’ involvement. As the result of the teachers’ positive attitude, the problems that emerged during remote education could be overcome. It turned out that it was possible to master the principles of the use of platforms, both those dedicated by the university and others that the students found useful, even in the highly accelerated mode, where a shift from classroom to virtual teaching took only a few days.
Exploring alternative performance evaluation method in nautical simulations
Authors: Kim Tae-Eun , Haque Munim Ziaul , Schramm Hans-Joachim
Published: June 2023

Performance assessment is fundamental for skill and competence development in professional education and training. This paper reviews the methods and metrics for performance assessment during maritime simulator-based education and training process, and creates an understanding regarding the current stage of knowledge and tools that could be used to systematically evaluate the student's learning progress and achievement to support learning technology development and theoretically informed maritime education. Performance assessments under desktop simulator-, full-scale simulator-, VR/AR- and cloud simulator-based training process have been selected as the focus areas of this study. High-quality professional education and training is important for improving workforce skills and sustainable development. This paper hopes to provide an opportunity to reflect on the learning assessment issues and opportunities to elevate the future of learning.
Visualization enhancements to facilitate the use of digital demonstrators for instructional applications
Authors: Kangisser Steven , Shankar Abhishek , Irizarry Javier , Sharma Harnish
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates a novel approach to instruction in the use of complex instruments. A laser scanner is employed as a test bed for lessons which can then be more broadly implemented. Laser scanners use optical signals from reflected light. These signals are then processed to create a 3D point cloud of the scanned object or environment. The point clouds can be used to derive accurate information about the mapped area's dimensions. Laser Scanners are widely used in aerospace, manufacturing, law enforcement, agriculture, and construction industries to capture details and create models of existing structures and objects. Many universities teach students the theory and process of laser scanning. Laser scanners are typical instruments for which instruction on their application requires students to apply theoretical knowledge through hands-on exposure to technology. Limited access to instructional scanning instruments presents a challenge when class sizes are large, or courses are offered remotely. In these cases, access to the equipment required can impede the accomplishment of the stated course objective. As a means of negating the limited access to a physical instrument, a digital demonstrator was developed. This digital prototype can augment or replace a physical artifact, such as a laser scanner. To accomplish this task, the researchers examined the current method of scanner instruction at undergraduate and master's degree levels. A simulated scanner was then developed and tested in actual courses at three universities' graduate and undergraduate level courses. Student performance was measured using a mixed methods approach. Testing confirmed that a digital representation of a complex instrument could be an effective teaching tool, even to the extent of replacing a physical artifact. Having established the utility of a digital demonstrator, the researchers incorporated additional visualization capabilities into the digital scanner interface. These interface enhancements are not found on the physical scanner and are intended to facilitate student understanding of scanner theory rather than instrument operation alone. Such visualization enhancements had to be offered in a way in which the absence of the added visualization component would not be critical to the student's ability to operate an actual physical scanner. User testing confirmed that visualization additions to the interface facilitated an understanding of the theory behind the instrument's application and that students could later operate a physical scanner without these enhancements. The authors conclude by offering a set of principles for visualization enhancements to a digital interface that others may apply when designing demonstrators for instructional use.
Pedagogical Application of Visualization and Eye Tracking For Electrical Grid Management
Authors: Azenwi Fru Felix , Camille Peres S. , Overbye Thomas , Jang Wonhyeok , Chen Juntao , Mbayed Hayat , Keller Eric , Jung Jung , Kunkolienkar Sanjana , Ivey Kayla
Published: June 2023

Visualizations have been proven to be a beneficial pedagogical tool used in teaching complex concepts to students. Its application as an effective active learning method has been implemented in multiple sectors, such as arts, science, engineering, and social science. In this paper, we present a pilot study exploring the use of visualizations to facilitate students’ comprehension of electrical grid management principles in an active learning process. The methods for conducting the eye-tracking study are presented here, with the results available at the meeting. These results will illustrate how students engage with visualizations as part of the learning process. This study is part of a series of studies focused on examining how methods from human factors and ergonomics can be leveraged for evaluating electrical grid management control rooms. For instance, in a previous pilot study, eye tracking was used to evaluate situation awareness in electrical grid control rooms using visualizations. A comparison of the eye tracking results to the Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA), revealed four SA demons: misplaced salience, data overload, errant mental models, and attentional narrowing.
From students, for students: Exploring the online collaborative design education method
Authors: Liu Shuo-Fang , Wang Shiyu
Published: June 2023

With the increase in internet technology and the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, more and more online courses have gained popularity in recent years, and they are becoming an important component of higher education. Researches on online collaborative processes include team communication, sketching activities, and collaborator performance. Most previous researches have focused on revealing learning phenomena, while scientific solutions or logical explanations have often been neglected. This study designed a cross-cultural collaboration design course with SDGs as the theme and conducted an online teaching experiment. A total of 64 students from different fields participated. Then we invited 6 group leaders as representatives to conduct face-to-face personal interviews. By retracing the whole course process, we investigated the students' attitudes and opinions about the online co-design course and their preferences. The results show that students' attitudes toward online co-design tend to be positive. They believe that online collaborative courses help improve design efficiency. Especially after initial software training, most students found the online collaboration platform easy to use. However, they are also concerned about the current technology gaps, especially the inability to monitor students' real status, and the tendency of students to be inattentive or even absent, making collaboration difficult. In addition, the problem of network latency when collaborating with multiple people needs to be addressed. The results of this study can provide insights for future online design education practices, help improve the quality of design education and provide practical assistance to a wider range of practitioners in the design education industry.
Small program design of learning tools based on user experience- Take "i remember" as an example
Authors: Cui Yin , Zhang Fan , Chen Yun , Ge Shijun
Published: June 2023

User experience is the evaluation criteria to measure the success of application tools. This paper constructs the evaluation criteria of user experience of wechat small program through literature research, and designs "i remember" small program according to this standard.This study is helpful to improve user experience satisfaction for the learning tools applet small program.
Automated charging of electric cars for improving user experience and charging infrastructure utilization
Authors: Hirz Mario , Lippitsch Stefan
Published: June 2023

The number of electric cars on the roads is steadily increasing and it is expected that the markets of battery-electric vehicles will experience an accelerated growth during the upcoming years. One challenge for a successful employment of electric mobility represents the provision of sufficient charging points for large fleets. In this context, public charging systems play an essential role to provide access for a broad range of users. Standard technology today is manual charging by plug-in and plug-off the charging cables. This has drawbacks in view of safety, user comfort and limited access of persons with disabilities. In addition, cars are parked for a longer duration at charging stations so that they block access for other electric cars, and manual charging does support future automated driving and parking vehicles.The proposed article introduces a selection of automated charging technologies for cars and discusses their strengths and weaknesses for application in public areas. This includes inductive charging, conductive charging from the vehicle underbody and conductive charging by use of standard connectors. Based on a value analysis, robot-supported conductive charging by use of standard connectors is selected as the preferred solution for automated charging processes under consideration of investment costs, avoidance of specific vehicle adaptations and easy customer handling. The potentials of this technology to enhance existing charging infrastructure are discussed based on an existing research prototype of a robotic automated charging station. The discussion comprises aspects of charging system integration in urban and sub-urban infrastructure, operational boundary conditions as well as requirements for safe and reliable system usage. In addition, an outlook is given to the operational integration of automated driving and parking cars and the automated charging system with the target to optimize the operational load of the charging infrastructure, e.g. in public parking areas. One main target of investigation represents the enhancement of user experience during the automated charging process. This includes the provision of smooth user interaction by a smart phone application and on-site interfaces, the guidance of the car to the right parking position, as well as provision of information about the actual charging status and billing data. In this way, the article introduces a comprehensive approach of automated robot-based charging of electric cars with the target to improve both user experience and the effectiveness of charging infrastructure utilization.
Design and Usability Evaluation of Visual Perception Game-Based Training System for Children with Developmental Delays
Authors: Cheng Cai-Ying , Wei Chun-Chun , Lin Yang-Cheng
Published: June 2023

The prevalence of developmental delays is increasing year by year and is common in preschool-aged children with developmental delays, and visual impairment is a common problem in children with developmental delays. Visual development is critical to preschoolers learning. Children with visual problems often have difficulties in picture recognition, image comprehension, and memory, resulting in difficulties in daily living and learning. However, traditional paper-based training is tedious and lacking in interactivity, game training can make up for these problems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to design a visual-perceptual play training system for children with preschool developmental delays, to investigate the usability and perception of the system for children with developmental delays. In this study, the recommendations of the heuristic evaluation were iteratively designed to ensure the functionality of the system. The system will be tested with an eye-tracking device to verify its suitability for use with children with developmental delays and to further suggest considerations and limitations for future research when designing software and interfaces for children with developmental delays. The results of this study showed that the best participants focused on the correct answer and the specified pattern, while the worst participants tended to focus on irrelevant things and had high overall attention on the screen. It was found that for the preferences section of the interface, placing the specified pattern in the center of the interface or closer to the options resulted in better performance of the children's perceptual training, and clearly rewarded feedback kept them motivated to learn and less distracted. The system will continue to be optimized in the future in the hope that it will help pre-schooler’s visual cognitive learning and help parents understand their children's visual ability.
An automatic layout method of children's book covers based on design aesthetics
Authors: Yiran Zhang , Liu Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on children's book covers and further investigates the automatic typesetting algorithm for book covers based on the aesthetic measure algorithm. Before designing the algorithm, the element composition and relative positions of current common children's book covers were analyzed, and common types of cover elements and their identification methods were derived and their positions were quantified. The intermediate values of the positions of each type of element in the book cover in the sample were obtained, and then the initial positions of each type of element in the experimental elements were assigned according to the recognition results. And then this paper proposes an automatic displacement algorithm by generating random class objects with random seeds and then generating random numbers with the help of this object so that the objects can be displaced irregularly on the page to produce a large number of combinations with high aesthetic values. In order to verify the effectiveness of the automatic layout method given in this paper, the book cover layout is generated on the basis of the random given element size and the higher interface aesthetics values are calculated.
Knowledge Visualization of Earthquake: Impact of Design Format on Readers' Perception and Understanding
Authors: Chi Hsu Ying , Wen Yen I , Zheng Meng-Cong
Published: June 2023

To strengthen the seismic intensity and differentiate adaptations to earthquakes in Taiwan, the Central Weather Bureau of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications subdivided the original seismic intensity of 5 Strong and 6 Violent earthquakes of the Seismic Intensity Scale into 5 Lower and 5 Upper, 6 Lower and 6 Upper respectively in 2020.First, we collected 28 infographics from domestic and overseas governmental and private institutions and stock image websites using earthquake intensity as the keyword. Three researchers with design backgrounds classified the infographics into three kinds of types for experimentation: 1) a single-color gradient (semi-circular car dashboard) with an illustration of a cabinet or a house; 2) a 3D geometry (horseshoe type) with illustrations of people and scenes inside and outside the house; 3) a traditional table (horizontal type) with an illustration of a house. The text descriptions of the three infographics were the same. Sixteen respondents (10 of whom had 5-year design background) read through the three infographics sequentially and did a 7-Point Likert Scale Questionnaire. The questions included design form (format, logic, and clarity of information), perception and understanding (distinguishing seismic hazards, perceiving intensity differences, and rapid understanding), risk perception, and personal preference. Finally, semi-structured interviews were to gain a deeper understanding of what factors influence readers' priorities in reading the earthquake intensity infographics.This study found that: 1) a semi-circle speed gauge with one color gradient using light to dark orange had the highest perception and understanding score (mean = 5.19); 2) 3D geometry with horseshoe shape with illustrations and information richness had the highest design form score (mean = 5.13) and highest personal preference ranking; 3) formatting tables with stereotypical image and only one house illustration could not determine the difference had the lowest design form score (mean = 4.65) and lowest perception and understanding score (mean = 4.93) and lowest personal preference ranking. The lowest scores for design form (mean = 4.65), perception and understanding (mean = 4.93), and personal preference were the lowest. In addition, 80% of the respondents were concerned about earthquakes and prepared for them, but more than half would not evacuate quickly during an earthquake. Suggestions for the future are that the earthquake infographics could use color gradients and 3D geometry so that the public can differentiate the danger in different intensity scales.
Aligning User Experience with Communication Theory to Explain Why We Love and Hate Hotels
Authors: Steinberg Richard , White George
Published: June 2023

Rhetorical theorist Sonja Foss introduced a theory of visual rhetoric in 1971 (Foss,2004). Aligning Applied Human Factors Engineering (AHFE) with visual rhetoric can provide the field of UX with a deeper understanding of how a design can impact the effective performance and usability of products. According to Foss, visual objects are not inherently rhetorical, but when they are organized to express symbolic action, allow for human intervention, and target a specific audience, these visual systems gain rhetorical significance (Foss, 2004). All the various user interfaces (UI) that humans interact with day to day include attempts by a user experience (UX) designer to "guide" the user to the proven, most effective, lowest-risk means of accomplishing a specific goal. Aligning user experience (UX) with the principles of rhetorical theory establishes an important facet through which the designer can understand why a UI design fails or succeeds. Aristotle taught that the speaker accomplishes persuasion accomplished by appealing to the three pillars of rhetoric: logos (appealing to logic), pathos (appealing to emotions), and ethos (appealing from authority).Similarly, Don Norman stated (2013), "Cognition provides understanding, and emotion provides value judgement." Norman also discussed (2003) that trust in the UI is damaged when UI doesn't meet these cognitive and emotional expectations. Consider an experience many Americans have in common, staying overnight in a hotel. Every hotel works similarly, understood through the hotel business's well-established practices and expectations built on previous experiences. But imagine what transpires when the experience breaks convention and the unexpected happens. Incorporating rhetorical principles in design considers how users identify and communicate to others in their user group. Appealing to the users through logos, pathos, and ethos helps the designer communicate more effectively, meeting the user's needs. When these pillars work together to communicate with the user more accurately, it improves a user’s discoverability of product features, and system affordances become a pleasant, straightforward experience to enhance the usability of products. High-usability products correlate to reduced cognitive load, task time reduction, and reduced fatigue time. Foss et., Helmers, Marguerite H., and Charles A. Hill. Defining Visual Rhetorics. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004. Web.Norman, Donald A. The Design of Everyday Things. Revised and expanded edition. New York, New York: Basic Books, 2013. Print.
Evaluation of the Effect of Viewing Paintings with Different Objects and Methods of Expression on Stress
Authors: Kisu Keisuke , Watanuki Keiichi , Motohiro Kozawa
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of differences in objects and methods of expression when viewing paintings on stress reduction through the use of biometric measurements. Thirteen subjects were recruited for the experiment, and a multi-physiological sensor, and a tabletop eye-movement measurement device were used in the experiment. The skin conductance response (SCR) and LF/HF ratio were used as the evaluation indices. The results showed that the SCR and LF/HF ratio decreased significantly by viewing paintings irrespective of the objects or methods of expression. This suggests, that viewing paintings may reduce stress irrespactive of the objects or methods of expression. Additionally, the results suggest that even people without a high level of art expertise may be able to classify paintings appropriately in terms of abstraction.
Design of Shanghai Style Dressing Furniture from the Perspective of Eye-mind Assumption
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Zhang Zhang
Published: June 2023

At present, people's demand for furniture products not only stays at the function and structure level, but also gives more and more attention to the cultural connotation. Therefore, infusing more cultural semantics into the product shape is helpful to the creative transformation of furniture products and promotes the expansion of the furniture market and cultural exchange. Most researches in related fields stay on the direct extraction and application of traditional cultural elements, and few research on the aesthetic preference of modeling in a certain style system. At the same time, the past research is more subjective, and lack objective data support and experimental research. Therefore, this study introduced eye movement experiment and scale, combined subjective and objective, and took Shanghai style furniture as the research object to provide more scientific and specific guidance for the research and design of furniture.Firstly, 10 nautical folding three-mirror dressers were collected and selected as the experimental samples; the 10 samples were generalized using Adobe Photoshop to obtain the stimulus materials required for the experiment; secondly, under the theoretical support of the eye-brain hypothesis, 30 subjects were tested and scored according to their subjective preferences using eye-tracking technology; the resulting experimental data were After careful processing, the contrast, purity, and proportion of the 10 dresser samples were calculated using aesthetic formulas; finally, the above three values and the subjective scores of the subjects' preferences were imported into SPSS software and Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between contrast, purity and proportion and preference respectively. It was found that there was no correlation between contrast and preference and between purity, and preference in the experimental samples; the correlation between proportion and preference in the experimental samples was significant and showed a positive trend. The results of this study show that the aesthetic preferences of the public are better served by the excellent proportions of the furniture of the Shanghai-Style. Take the excellent model 7 in the experimental results as the overall framework, and refer to its mirror, countertop, and cabinet proportions for innovation in the design of a freestanding Shanghai style dressing table as the bearer of refinement and tolerance, highlighting the historical heritage of Shanghai.In this study, based on the eye-brain hypothesis, the combination of an eye-movement experiment and subjective scoring questionnaire can screen out the Haber-comb furniture with aesthetic value and in line with the aesthetic preference of the public, which is conducive to cultural inheritance and in turn proves the reliability of the eye-brain hypothesis.
Design index system based on user preferences: The case of Chinese medical products
Authors: Wang Huajie , Xu Jian
Published: June 2023

In order to improve the design quality of Chinese medical products, this paper constructs a design index system based on the Hierarchical analysis method for aesthetics, functionality, usability and user experience, combines the Kano model to locate the importance of the relevant indexes in the design expectations of users' psychology, and forms a clear design direction. The design of the "Look and Feel" Chinese traditional medical product was completed under the guidance of the methodology, and the product was well received by users. The design of the product was approved by the users. This project shows that the design method is a good guide to improve the design of Chinese traditional medical products, and also has some significance for the development of similar medical products.
Automated Decision Support for Collaborative, Interactive Classification
Authors: Jones Randolph , Bixler Robert , Marinier Robert , Moshkina Lilia
Published: June 2023

Traditional classification approaches are straightforward: collect data, apply classification algorithms, then generate classification results. However, such approaches depend on data being amply available, which is not always the case. This paper describes an approach to maximize the utility of collected data through intelligent guidance of the data collection process. We present the development and evaluation of a knowledge-based decision-support system: the Logical Reasoner (LR), which guides data collection by unmanned ground and air assets to improve behavior classification. The LR is a component of a Human Directed and Controlled AI system (or “Human-AI” system) aimed at semi-autonomous classification of potential threat and non-threat individuals in a complex urban setting. The setting provides little to no pre-existing data; thus, the system collects, analyzes, and evaluates real-time human behavior data to determine whether the observed behavior is indicative of threat intent. The LR’s purpose is to produce contextual knowledge to help make productive decisions about where, when, and how to guide the vehicles in the data collection process. It builds a situational-awareness picture from the observed spatial relationships, activities, and interim classifications, then uses heuristics to generate new information-gathering goals, as well as to recommend which actions the vehicles should take to better achieve these goals. The system uses these recommendations to collaboratively help the operator direct the autonomous assets to individuals or places in the environment to maximize the effectiveness of evidence collection. LR is based on the Soar Cognitive Architecture which excels in supporting Human-AI collaboration. The described DoD-sponsored system has been developed and extensively tested for over three years, in simulation and in the field (with role-players). Results of these experiments have demonstrated that the LR decision support contributes to automated data collection and overall classification accuracy by the Human-AI team. This paper describes the development and evaluation of the LR based on multiple test events.The research reported in this document was performed under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) contract #HR001120C0180, Urban Reconnaissance through Supervised Autonomy (URSA). The views, opinions, and/or findings expressed are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. Many thanks to Robert Marinier and Kris Kearns for their assistance in the preparation of this manuscript, as well as the entire ISOLATE R&D team.Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Lowering the risk of bias in AI applications
Authors: Link Jj , Dadakou Helena , Elisabeth Krüger Anne
Published: June 2023

Data is not free of biases, and AI systems that are based on the data are not either. What can be done to try the best, to minimize the risk of building systems that perpetuate the biases that exist in society and in data? In our paper we explore the possibilities along the User Centered Design Process and in Design Thinking, to lower the risk of keeping imbalances or gaps in data and models. But looking at the design process is not enough: Decision makers, development team and design team, respectively their composition and awareness towards risks of discrimination and their decisions in involving potential users and non-users, collecting data and testing the application also play a major role in trying to implement systems with the least biases possible.
The Design of Human Smart Ships. How design-driven approach can foster future development and innovation in the cruise sector.
Authors: Carmosino Giuseppe , Bionda Arianna , Ratti Andrea
Published: June 2023

The radical transition from 'fun ships' to 'smart ships' is a complex phenomenon, involving technological, social and design aspects, which require systemic and complex thinking. The theoretical investigation of this research aims to fill an existing gap in design processes applied to cruise ships by providing a 'service + spatial’ perspective in the interpretation of the smart phenomenon, integrated in a multidisciplinary approach with ICT and Social Sciences. The new concepts of customer experience, cultural diversity, immersive technologies, cyber-physical systems and environmental commitment denote a strong connection of spaces and services with users and related human factors. In this sense, design has a collaborative and human-centered approach, as it considers users' experience and involves them as an active part of the design process. The results of this research show how a design-driven approach, rather than a technology-push or market-pull one, can drive towards radical changes in designing innovative and more sustainable ships through a better use of human capital and the multicultural richness of cruise passengers. Guidelines for design-driven research in the cruise industry can help companies move from closed and low transparent to new holistic approaches to innovation, guided by a critical attitude towards radical changes in the industry.
Polyhedral public play spaces for children and caregivers: an inclusive perspective
Authors: Wai Michael Siu Kin , Yang Zi , Yi Jian Izzy
Published: June 2023

Play is essential to children's social, emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. Public play spaces provide important opportunities for children to participate equally in play and social interaction. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have begun to focus on the inclusiveness of public play spaces for children with different motion, sensory and cognitive capabilities. At the same time, for care and safety reasons, children must go to the play space with their caregivers in most cases. Yet, play spaces are mainly designed for children, the caregivers, whose needs and demands are often overlooked, are obviously necessary to access the spaces. It shows a lack of understanding of inclusive and related concepts among researchers. This study examines how inclusive and related concepts are used in peer-reviewed articles about public play spaces. This study implemented a scoping review in December 2022, and 14 peer-reviewed articles were identified. These articles mainly concern inclusive and related concepts in public play spaces from caregivers' perspectives. The casual use of inclusive and related terms embodies these terms and design approaches' youthfulness, inconsistency, and confusion. Further research can distinguish these concepts through further development and research to expand the understanding of inclusion in public play spaces.