bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Gamma and Electron Beam Irradiation on FBG and DFB-FL
Authors: Qi Haifeng , Sporea D , Stancalie A , Ighigeanu D , Neguţ D , Wang Chang , Peng Gangding
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the comparative experimental study concerning the irradiation effects of gamma-ray and electron beam on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB-FL). The obvious reflection wavelength shifts are observed for FBGs and DFB-FLs without evident changes in reflectivity and bandwidth under the current experimental irradiation condition, up to 60 kGy gamma radiation and 100 kGy electron beam radiation, respectively. Especially for DFB-FLs, evident attenuation in output power is observed and the rising tendency of the attenuation under increasing irradiation dose is demonstrated as well. Thus, the DFB-FLs are more suitable for radiation detection as compared to passive FBGs.
A Stable 1550nm WGM Laser Generated by Yb3+/Er3+ Co-doped Silica Microspheres under μm ASE Source Pumping
Authors: Xu Qiling , Peng Senlin , Liao Tingdi , Huang Yantang
Published: December 2021

The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source at 1 μm was used to excite Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped silica (YEDS) microspheres by evanescent-wave coupling through a taper optical fiber (TOF) to generate a stable 1550 nm laser. Inevitably, the experimental process was accompanied by a frequency up-conversion luminescence whose fluorescence spectrum was collected and analyzed. Pumped by the ASE light source with different power, the system of YEDS microsphere and TOF also generated single-mode laser and multi-longitudinal mode laser. Their peak wavelength, output power of the peak laser, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) were respectively measured. Moreover, the characteristics of a 1550 nm whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser excited by a 1 μm ASE pumping and a tunable laser (TLS) pumping were compared under different variable conditions. It was demonstrated that the ASE pump source has polarization in all directions to excite WGMs in the microsphere cavity, which was different from and superior to the TLS. Therefore, the laser generated by the ASE pump source as an excitation source was not affected by vibration and temperature change. The results show that the 1550 nm laser pumped by ASE can stably output the microsphere WGM mode laser under the interference of vibration and temperature change, which is more suitable for the actual application environment.
Study on the Photochemical Reaction Process of 4-methyl-7-Hydroxycoumarin and Its Mechanism by Multi-Spectroscopic Technologies
Authors: Tang Qian , Xian Zhengping , Li Lingjing , Cao Hongyu , Wang Lihao , Zheng Xuefang
Published: December 2021

The photochemical reaction process of 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (7H4MC) was studied by UV-Vis spectrometer and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results have shown that the characteristic peak of the UV-Vis spectra at 323 nm of 7H4MC undergoes a significant decrease in absorbance and a slight blue shift when was illuminated; the absorbance of the absorption peak at 279 nm rises, and there is a tendency for new peaks to appear. May be, there are structural changes or new materials generation. The addition of imidazole, VC, 3-indole methanol, GSH and other substances also have different effects on the photochemical reaction of 7H4MC. Among them, only imidazole has a certain inhibitory effect on the process of its photochemical reaction.
Turbo-coded Ultra Long Haul System with Probabilistic Shaped 16QAM Modulation
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Li Yuzhe , Gao Yuan , Wang Xishuo , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2021

With the rapid growth and development of 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) and the incoming of 6G (6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology), the demand for high-speed and flexible communication solutions is becoming far more urgent. Within this paper, a novel code modulation scheme based on PS (probabilistic shaping) and Turbo code is proposed with its effectiveness is confirmed by the results of simulation. The results inform that in an optical fiber communication system with 56 Gb/s rate and 3000 km transmission distance, when the SNR (signal-noise ratio) is greater than 3.5 dB, the Turbo-coded PS-16QAM modulation format can achieve reliable transmission. The proposed scheme performs the best in BER (bit error ratio) and average launch power in the four cases of uniform 16QAM, PS-16QAM, Turbo-coded 16QAM with and itself. The proposed scheme is a potential solution in the future 5G communication.
A Novel Post Process Method For Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics by Interpolation on Specified Slice Plane
Authors: Li Yanli , Guo Junhang
Published: December 2021

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is widely used in numerical simulations as a kind of meshless method. The particles are used to represent object, which is a fully Lagrangian modeling scheme without the need to define a spatial mesh so it can simulate large deformation. The classic post process method cannot visualize the simulation results smoothly, so a novel post processing method is proposed in this paper. By developing a program, the coordinates and field variables of particles were collected to a file. Using the kernel function, the field variable on a specified slice plane was interpolated. By developing a program, the simulation results have been rendered smoothly. This method is illustrated by a penetration example in this paper.
Virtual DC Motor Stability Control Method Considering New Energy Generation Fluctuation
Authors: Tan Yilun , Wang Yucheng
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of new energy generation, the intermittence and randomicity of its power output will have a significant impact on the transmission capacity of DC motor. Therefore, a virtual DC motor stability control method considering the fluctuation of new energy generation is proposed. The natural frequencies and modes of the virtual DC motor shafting rotor are analyzed by means of a steady sinusoidal excitation at zero speed. Considering the transient dynamic response of the shafting rotor of virtual DC motor under the fluctuation of new energy generation, Taylor series and transfer acceleration matrix method are used to calculate the transient dynamic response of shafting rotor under the fluctuation of new energy generation, and the parameters of virtual DC motor are identified and estimated. Based on this, a proportional resonance controller is designed to realize the stability control of virtual DC motor. Experimental results show that the interactive power curve between virtual DC motor and regional distribution network is smoother after optimal control, and this method can effectively improve the power balance ability of virtual DC motor.
Ship tracking based on the fusion of Kalman filter and particle filter
Authors: Xu Wanjin , Li Jiying , Bai Junjie , Zhang Yingying
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problem of low filtering accuracy and even divergence caused by model mismatch when using extended Kalman filter in ship GPS navigation and positioning state estimation, a positioning ship state estimation algorithm based on the fusion of improved unscented Kalman filter and particle filter is proposed. Compared with the traditional particle filtering algorithm, the algorithm has two improvements: first, the algorithm uses untraced Kalman as the main framework, and uses the optimal estimation of particle updating state by particle algorithm; Secondly, in the resampling process, a resampling algorithm based on weight optimization is proposed to increase the diversity of particles. The simulation results show that not only the particle degradation degree of the particle filter is reduced, but also the particle tracking accuracy is improved.
Design of Intelligent Parking Control System
Authors: He Chunhong , Li Hongchao , Ren Bin
Published: December 2021

Along with the historical process of the industrial revolution, the automobile has undoubtedly made life more convenient. But at the same time, various problems also come along: Traffic jams are becoming more and more serious, and problems such as parking are becoming urgent problems. This design uses STC89C52 microcontroller, through the infrared sensor module to detect the information of the garage, then the nRF24L01 wireless module is used to carry out the wireless transmission of master and slave information. Finally, the LCD1602 LCD screen is used to establish the human-computer interaction page, and an intelligent parking space management system is designed. The owners can easily check the parking lot to understand the flow of the parking lot through the system, and judge whether to enter the parking lot, saving time. At the same time, it is easier to integrate with other intelligent systems, which provides a foundation for more advanced management and is the premise for making the parking lot a highly intelligent product in the future.
Robust optimal control of a nonlinear impulsive time-delay system for 1,3-PD fed-batch culture
Authors: Sun Chao
Published: December 2021

In this paper, taking the feeding process as a form of impulsive and considering the time-delay in fermentation process. A robust model with the time-delay system as the control variable and the time-delay system as the constraint is established. In order to solve this optimal control problem, we have propose an particle swarm optimization method to solve problem. Numerical results show that 1,3-PD yield at the terminal time increases compared with the experimental result.
Design of high precision mechatronic-hydraulic leveling system for vehicle-mounted radar
Authors: Xiao Jun , Wang YanChao , Li XiangYu , Zheng Jie
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the control performance of vehicle-mounted radar, a high precision leveling control system is designed through mechatronic-hydraulic integration technology. A leveling method combining angle error leveling method and height error leveling method is designed, and inclinometers are set in the front and rear of the vehicle body platform to effectively eliminate the virtual outrigger phenomenon in the leveling process. The mathematical model of hydraulic system is developed, the fuzzy PID control method is introduced, and the four-point support hydraulic leveling control system is developed by using STM32 microcontroller as the control core. The field test proves that the control system has good control performance, high leveling accuracy, short time, and meets the control requirements of the radar vehicle.
A novel current differential protection for MMC-HVDC lines
Authors: Qin Yu , Wen Minghao , Bai Yu , Wang Yuxi , Fang Zeya
Published: December 2021

The present current differential protection for MMC-HVDC transmission lines has absolute selectivity and powerful ability to withstand high transition resistance, while it is easily affected by distributed capacitive current and data synchronization error. To solve the problem above, this article proposes a novel current differential protection scheme. The distributed capacitive current can be calculated by integrating the linear voltage distribution in real-time. Thus, the differential value of the midpoint currents of DC line, which are calculated based on the low-pass filtered measure voltages and currents on both sides, can be adopted to identify the fault. Besides, the data synchronization error can be eliminated based on the waveform matching of the calculated midpoint currents. This novel current differential protection has excellent performance and can solve the problems of traditional current differential protection for HVDC lines.
Anomaly detection in multi-class time series
Authors: Wang Weihong , Wu Zhuolin , Liu Xuan , Jia Lei , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: December 2021

For modern operation and maintenance systems, they are usually required to monitor multiple types and large quantities of machine’s key performance indicators (KPIs) at the same time with limited resources. In this paper, to tackle these problems, we propose a highly compatible time series anomaly detection model based on K-means clustering algorithm with a new Wavelet Feature Distance (WFD). Our work is inspired by some ideas from image processing and signal processing domain. Our model detects abnormalities in the time series datasets which are first clustered by K-means to boost the accuracy. Our experiments show significant accuracy improvements compared with traditional algorithms, and excellent compatibilities and operating efficiencies compared with algorithms based on deep learning.
Progress in Data Transmission and Storage for Long Pulse Data Acquisition System
Authors: Gu Yu , Fan Mengqi , Tang Chuanqian , Zhang Guojing , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: December 2021

Since the study in the field of fusion has gradually developed toward the long-pulse experiment mode, long-pulse data has gradually become one of the main data types for pulsed experiments in the field of fusion. For long-pulse data, which is a kind of pulse-type data, it will be more difficult to transmit and store than short-pulse data because of its significant characteristics. In addition, in the design of data acquisition and control system (DACS) in fusion field, Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) has now gradually become the main framework of experimental control system to meet the diversity of devices and complexity of subsystems in large experimental system. However, due to the limitation of EPICS, its effectiveness in handling data transmission and storage under high speed data acquisition is not satisfactory. To solve the data transmission and storage under high-speed sampling, this paper proposes a data transmission and storage solution based on TCP/IP protocol and MDSplus database, which is designed with the concept of segmentation, i.e., data generated from experiments longer than 100 seconds are uploaded and stored in a segmented form. Currently, this system has been tested and applied, and the test result shows that the solution is feasible and the overall test system operates stably and reliably.
Panoramic image mosaic method based on image segmentation and Improved SIFT algorithm
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Yu Jiyan , Song Yang
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problem of large amount of calculation in extracting image feature points in panoramic image mosaic by SIFT algorithm, a panoramic image mosaic algorithm based on image segmentation and Improved SIFT is proposed in this paper. The algorithm fully considers the characteristics of panoramic image stitching. Firstly, the stitched image is divided into blocks, and the maximum overlapping block of image pairs is extracted by using mutual information. The SIFT key points are extracted by SIFT algorithm, and the dog is filtered before the spatial extreme value detection of SIFT algorithm to eliminate the feature points with small intensity value; When establishing the feature descriptor, the 128 dimension of the original algorithm is reduced to 64 dimensions to reduce the amount of calculation. In the feature point registration process, the feature descriptor is reduced to 32 dimensions, the feature point pairs are roughly extracted by the optimal node first BBF algorithm, and the feature point pairs are registered and screened by RANSAC; Finally, the image transformation matrix is obtained to realize panoramic image mosaic. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only ensures the panoramic mosaic effect, but also extracts the feature points in 11% of the time of the traditional SIFT algorithm, and the feature point registration speed is 27.17% of the traditional SIFT algorithm.
Fault-tolerant architecture for Cache : Summaries, Assessments and Trends
Authors: Wang Xuru , Gao Xin , Liang Zongnan , Nian Jiawei , Liu Hongjin
Published: December 2021

Fault-tolerant design of cache is a key aspect of highly reliable processor design. In this paper, based on the key metrics in Cache architecture design: reliability, power consumption, latency and area, we divided the related research into two categories: one is to maximize reliability with guaranteed latency, power consumption and area, the other is to minimize latency, power consumption and area loss while ensuring fault tolerance reliability. Based on the classification, by analyzing different studies of Data and Tag in Cache, this paper gives the characteristics of these methods and the future development trend.
Stiffness modelling of flexible support module for Large-aperture laser transmission unit
Authors: Pan Jiabin , Zhang Yanan , Fu Zhongtao , Shen Linyong
Published: December 2021

Large-aperture laser transmission unit (LLTU) is a device that focuses the laser beam to the center of the target, which are often designed as compliant mechanisms to achieve micro displacement adjustment. In the traditional mechanisms, they are designed as integrated micromanipulation systems, and driven by piezoelectric ceramics. However, most of these researches only focuses on motion accuracy, due to the lack of consideration of large load problems, the application is greatly limited. To this end, a flexible support module (FSM), as well as its stiffness model, was presented in this paper. Combined with finite element method (FEM) of FSM, structure size optimization was also completed, successfully solved the problems of stress concentration and load of FSM in engineering application. Moreover, a dual vision-based measurement method was introduced, to verify the stiffness model and analyze the repetitive error of FSM. From this result, the prototype enabled 5 mm and 0.007 rad of working area with average error of 0.3192 mm and -0.0036 rad. The repeatable error is within 7%, and will decreased to 4% with internal stress released in 5~15min.
Pavement State Recognition Method Considering Slope
Authors: Xi Xiuhao , Xiao Jun , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yanchao
Published: December 2021

For the problem of road surface condition recognition, this paper proposes a real-time tracking method to estimate road surface slope and adhesion coefficient. Based on the fusion of dynamics and kinematics, the current road slope of the vehicle which correct vertical load is estimated. The effect of the noise from dynamic and kinematic methods on the estimation results is removed by designing a filter. The normalized longitudinal force and lateral force are calculated by Dugoff tire model, and the Jacobian matrix of the vector function of the process equation is obtained by combining the relevant theory of EKF algorithm. The road adhesion coefficient is estimated finally. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by analyzing the results under different operating conditions, such as docking road and bisectional road, using a joint simulation of Matlab/Simulink and Carsim.
Research on control strategy of VIENNA rectifier based on electric vehicle DC charging module
Authors: Lei Shou-Zhong , Chen Qi-Gong , Xie Wei
Published: December 2021

Because the VIENNA rectifier has fewer switching devices, a high power factor and no need to set dead zone time, the front rectifier of the DC charging module of ev mostly uses VIENNA circuit. However, the DC charging module has higher requirements on the dynamic response capability and stability of the VIENNA rectifier system. The traditional PI double closed loop control strategy has poor dynamic response capability. For this reason, a hybrid control strategy of PI control for current loop and sliding mode control for voltage loop is used to control the VIENNA rectifier to improve the dynamic response and stability of the system. Finally, through the simulation of the rectifier circuit, and the comparison of the simulation results, it can be proved that the dynamic response ability and stability of the hybrid control strategy is relatively good. Finally, a simulation model of VIENNA rectifier is built, and the hybrid control strategy is proved to have good dynamic performance and stability by comparison.
Analysis of Related Technologies Used in Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Du Ziyi , Zhan Hongxu
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, many types of fuel cells have made significant progress. In 2014, they were applied to the production model Toyota’s FCHV-Adv. With their high efficiency and low pollution, fuel cells have gradually started to replace some traditional technologies in many energy applications and production industries and have become a hot topic of interest in recent years. Depending on the type of fuel, there are various types, and different fuel cells work on different principles, leading to differences in their performance. This paper lists the different fuel cells and their application scenarios in the automotive industry. In addition, the use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles is also a major concern. This paper briefly discusses the current hydrogen production and four different types of fuel cell vehicles and their energy management strategies. All the technical advantages of fuel cells and hydrogen energy are ultimately reflected in fuel cell vehicles, and this paper describes the current challenges and future possibilities.
Research on modular implementation method of six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm
Authors: Su JiaLei
Published: December 2021

Single-joint modular design can reduce the work intensity of designers, and also can broaden the combination form of multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. In order to adapt to the changes of multiple degrees of freedom and multiple loads, this paper designs a series of standard modules with similar components and the same standard interface, but with different sizes only, and chooses different drive components according to the load when designing the size, and then designs the size of other parts according to the size of the drive components. The final combination of this series of modules into different degrees of freedom robotic arm, such as three degrees of freedom robotic arm, four degrees of freedom robotic arm or even six degrees of freedom robotic arm. In this paper, the most widely used six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm is used as an example, and a detailed design form is proposed.
Review on Vibration Isolation Method for Atomic Interference Gravimeter
Authors: Xie Dongdong , Yan Shuhua , Zhu Lingxiao , Zhang Huankai , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2021

The cold atomic interference absolute gravimeter is an ultra-precision instrument for measuring absolute gravity acceleration. At present, the highest measurement accuracy can reach the order of micro gamma. It has important application value and research significance in many disciplines, such as geophysics, resource exploration and assisted navigation. Because of its ultra-high precision, the ultra-low frequency micro-vibration noise on the ground has become one of the important factors affecting its accuracy, and it is also the bottleneck of the further development of gravimeter. Firstly, based on the theoretical and experimental results, this paper analyzes the vibration isolation requirements of atomic interference gravimeter. Secondly, it summarizes the research progress of atomic interference gravimeter isolation system and introduces three main isolation methods: passive vibration isolation, active vibration isolation and vibration compensation. Finally, the future development direction of atomic interference gravimeter isolation technology is analyzed and prospected.
Monitoring method for leakage current of transmission line insulators under typical environmental conditions
Authors: Hu Xie , Xu Kun , Lai Bingchuan , Wu Dan , Hao Changjin
Published: December 2021

There are many factors affecting insulator leakage current of transmission line, resulting in low accuracy of leakage current monitoring. This paper designs a monitoring method for insulator leakage current of transmission line under typical environmental conditions. The influence of different factors on the accuracy of leakage current monitoring is analyzed. Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, the insulator operating characteristic quantity is analyzed, and the uncertain factors in the insulator operating characteristic quantity are calculated, so as to realize the insulator leakage current monitoring of transmission line under typical environmental conditions. The example analysis shows that the leakage current monitoring accuracy of the method studied in this paper is high in the case of no arc, local arc, adjacent flashover, pollution and saturated environment, which proves the effectiveness of the method studied.
Damage mode identification of Carbon fiber/Epoxy composites under fatigue process using acoustic emission monitoring
Authors: Guo Yi-Er , Shang De-Guang , Zuo Lin-Xuan , Qu Lin-Feng , Cai Di , Jin Tian , Hou Geng
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the static and fatigue behavior of carbon fiber/Epoxy composites laminate are investigated. The degradation and damage evolution in the composite laminate tests process were monitored using the acoustic emission technique. The acoustic signals collected during the tests were analyzed. The results of the acoustic emission signal accumulated during static and fatigue tests are compared in order to identify the accumulated damage mechanism of carbon fiber/Epoxy composites laminate. The accumulated damage is manifested by matrix cracking, fiber/matrix interface debonding, shear failure, delamination, and fiber break.
Failure analysis of bolt fracture in GGH guide bearing end cover pressure plate in a thermal power plant
Authors: Chen Le , Wang Song , Xu Yang , Liu Siyuan
Published: December 2021

Gas gas reheater is an important device for waste heat recovery and flue gas purification in thermal power plant. In this paper, the fracture failure reason of pressing plate bolt of guide bearing end cover of flue gas reheater in thermal power plant is analyzed. The results of optical microscope analysis show that there is no obvious abnormality in the metallographic structure of the two guide bearing bolts. The mechanical analysis results show that the hardness value, tensile strength and yield strength meet the requirements of relevant standards. SEM analysis showed that the fracture began at the root of the thread. The research results can provide reference for the operation and maintenance of flue gas reheater in relevant enterprises.
Fatigue failure warning method for needled ceramic matrix composite by acoustic emission monitoring
Authors: Hou Geng , Shang De-Guang , Zuo Lin-Xuan , Qu Lin-Feng , Xia Ming , Wu Shaodong , Guo Yi-Er
Published: December 2021

Ceramic matrix composite is a kind of mechanical engineering material with excellent high temperature mechanical properties, which has been widely used in aircraft propulsion system and thermal protection system. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the fatigue failure of needled ceramic matrix composite. In this investigation, based on the realtime acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of needled C/SiC ceramic matrix composite, the characteristics of AE energy during the fatigue damage process were obtained. In addition, considering the emission coefficient of AE energy and the threshold value of AE energy in single cycle, a method for judging the imminent fatigue failure of needled composite was proposed. By comparing the cycle of failure warning by proposed method with the experimental fatigue life, the proposed method can provide fatigue failure warning near and before fatigue failure.
Analysis of rotation capacity of a novel 2R1T mechanism based on origami of thick panels
Authors: Chang Boyan , Zhang Jifu , Liang Dong , Zhou Yang
Published: December 2021

A foldable and symmetrical lower-mobility parallel mechanism was proposed based on Waterbomb origami of thick panels. It consists of a moving platform, a base plate and three deployable foldable legs between moving platform and base plate. Firstly, constraint wrenches of each leg were formulated based on screw theory and the results illustrated that the moving platform is in possession of two degrees of orientation freedom and one translational degree of freedom. Secondly, it was approved that base and moving platform are always symmetrical about a middle plane and the moving platform can rotate continuously about any axis chosen freely on this plane. Solving models including forward and inverse position problems were established to determine the maximum rotational angle and workspace. Finally, performance indexe of maximum rotational angle of the PM was analyzed, and effects of two structural variables to the performance were summarized. Conclusions obtained can provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and engineering application of this 2T1R parallel mechanism.
Analysis on mechanical characteristics of brake wheel and brake shoe of elevator traction machine
Authors: Jiang Tao , Wang Ziwei , Ren Zhaolin , Liu Guangjun , Ren Facai
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the change of brake torque during normal stop and emergency braking of elevator. Taking the permanent magnet synchronous elevator traction machine as an example, the mechanical characteristics of the brake wheel and brake shoe on the brake under emergency braking are analyzed. According to the finite element analysis and calculation results, the impact and stress of the elevator are the largest at the moment of emergency braking, reaching 270.3MPa, and the strain increases gradually. The analysis results can provide reference for the design and verification of brake wheel and brake shoe of elevator traction machine.
Design and Implementation of the Isolated Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
Authors: Yuan Yiyang
Published: December 2021

With the development of intelligent distribution networks and the increasing demand for new energy access, the isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter has become a key link in modern energy transformation systems. In order to realize the functions of electrical transformation and electrical isolation of dc voltage, this paper proposes a structure of isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter, and analyzes it in detail. The proposed isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter can not only realize voltage transformation, but also have voltage regulation and fault isolation functions. Finally, based on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform, the proposed isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter topology is built and verified by simulation. The structure of isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter not only has the functions of voltage transformation and electrical isolation, but also has fault isolation, power flow control and other functions.
Influence of the Agitation Pipe on the Flow Field of Electroplating Tank in the Electroplated Diamond Wire Saw
Authors: Duan Derong , Ge Peiqi , Gong Zhigang , Huang Fuli , Cao Guangzhou
Published: December 2021

In order to solve the problem of diamonds sedimentation in electroplating tank and uneven distribution of diamonds in coatings, the fluid flow in the electroplating tank formed by three structure kinds of agitation pipe was compared and analysed. Results showed that the middle inlet type agitation pipe can significantly improve the fluid uniformity in the electroplating tank, and setting sand blasting ports at both ends of the agitation pipe can avoid the formation of fluid “dead zone”. Along the direction of the agitation pipe, the middle inlet type agitation pipe improves the overall flow of the fluid. In the position of the wire saw passing through, the difference of the speed in the electroplating tank of the middle inlet type is 47.17% and 15.25%, which is significantly lower than that of the water inlet structure of one end by 134.48%. As a result, it can significantly improve the plating effect of the wire saw.
Fluid Flow Analysis of Agitation Pipe in the Electroplated Diamond Wire Saw
Authors: Duan Derong , Ge Peiqi , Gong Zhigang , Huang Fuli , Cao Guangzhou
Published: December 2021

Agitation pipe is the important part of the electroplated diamond wire saw in the suspension sanding process. The structure type and the sandblasting configuration in agitation pipe play a role on the flow uniformity. Fluid flow in the different structure forms of agitating pipe was studied and the influence of sandblasting angle and the diameter was also contrasted. Results found that the central water type of agitation pipe has the better performance, generating the flow field distribution in the middle part with high velocity and small velocity on both sides. The order of sandblasting in performance was 30°, 45° and 60°. The better flow uniformity occurred in the configuration of sandblasting with the diameter 7.5 mm, 7 mm and 7.5 mm.
Study on the microstructure of air reactive brazing joint between Al2O3 ceramic and Q235 steel
Authors: Wang Tianpeng , Sun Mingcheng , Li Hongqiang , Xiao Shaoyang , Wang Yunan , Nie Xiaobo
Published: December 2021

Q235 steel /Al2O3 ceramics were brazed with Ag-CuO filler metal at 1050°C and held for 15min in air. When brazing Q235 steel and Al2O3 ceramics directly, it was found that serious oxidation occurred on the steel side during the brazing process. Although the joining was realized, a loose oxide film was formed on the surface of the base steel, which affected the mechanical properties of joints. When Q235 steel with aluminized surface was adopted to braze with Al2O3 ceramics, a Al2O3 layer formed on the surface of Q235 steel successfully avoided the oxidation of Q235 steel, and a compact and defection-free joint was obtained. The typical organization of joint was Al2O3/ CuAl2O4/ CuO/ Ag/ CuO/ CuAl2O4 /Al2O3/ FeAl/ FeAl2/ Fe.
Research and Application of Standard Oil Dispensing System for Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil
Authors: Li Yanping , Li Yong
Published: December 2021

Measuring the content of dissolved gas components in transformer insulating oil by gas chromatography is an important means to judge the internal potential faults of oil filled electrical equipment in the process of operation supervision. The necessary work skills of power grid operators include the ability to detect the content of dissolved gas in transformer oil and judge the operation state of transformer. This paper introduces a preparation method and equipment of transformer standard oil. It can quickly prepare standard oils with various gas component contents. The standard oil quantity value is accurate, the data stability period is greater than 90 days, and the uncertainty is less than 5%. The equipment can be used for training and evaluation of transformer oil gas chromatographic analysis practitioners and calibration of transformer oil on-line gas chromatograph.
Ergotropy from quantum and classical correlations
Authors: Touil Akram , Çakmak Barış , Deffner Sebastian
Published: December 2021

It is an established fact that quantum coherences have thermodynamic value. The natural question arises, whether other genuine quantum properties such as entanglement can also be exploited to extract thermodynamic work. In the present analysis, we show that the ergotropy can be expressed as a function of the quantum mutual information, which demonstrates the contributions to the extractable work from classical and quantum correlations. More specifically, we analyze bipartite quantum systems with locally thermal states, such that the only contribution to the ergotropy originates in the correlations. Our findings are illustrated for a two-qubit system collectively coupled to a thermal bath.
An alternative index to NINO3.4 for predicting monthly rainfall anomaly in East Java
Authors: Haq B E A , Ryan M , Kurniawan A , Rafi A M
Published: December 2021

ENSO and NINO3.4 index are known to have some relation with Indonesian monthly rainfall anomaly. There is a gap between scientific studies on one hand and forecasting operational problems on the other hand since previous studies are not giving enough attention to the N+1,2,3 concept. The concept is about giving three next month rainfall anomaly prediction rather than connecting ENSO index with three-monthly rainfall anomaly. Here we propose an alternative index for ENSO. The median of categorical gridded rainfall anomaly of East Java is used as a general representation. Plots of correlation between the median and anomaly sea surface temperature from ReynSmithOIv2 are used to determine locus candidate to be compared with NINO3.4. The Near Maritime Continent (NMC) index is selected and proven to have a significant average difference in correlation between based on bootstrap technique. Verification of prediction used in this study is simulation-based and only uses binary hit-miss final result. Prediction is generated by simple linear regression with three lag times (2,3, and 4). Verification based on three categories shows that NMC’s hits are higher than NINO.34 in lag-2 and lag-3. In lag-2, NMC’s verification is 57.5% compared to only 38.7% for NINO3.4. However, NINO3.4 is a still better predictor in lag-4. Radar charts of monthly verifications are also developed.
Monthly reservoir inflow prediction based on artificial neural network over the Saguling catchment area
Authors: Rachmawati A , Santikayasa I P , Impron  , Alfahmi F
Published: December 2021

In line with the objectives of the Impact-Based Forecast, hydrological predictions are used to support water resources management, mitigation of natural disasters, and climate variability impacts. The Artificial Neural Network algorithm was applied to build the prediction model for the Saguling Reservoir monthly inflow by utilizing observation data; the monthly rainfall (P) and inflow (Q) as the predictors in different lag time; t (recent), t-1 (previous month), and t-11 (11 months ago). The predictors are simulated in three variations of hidden layer numbers (2, 6, and 10). The best model under the normal period is model nine with RMSE 31.23 and R 0.88. This model is also the best model under La Nina's condition with RMSE 30.01 and R 0.83. For the El Nino period. We found that model five is the best model with the highest accuracy at the level of generalization in both the training process and predict extreme conditions at the validation stage. Overall, this model has a good performance and high potential usage from a practical point of view and costs but needs further simulation to make it more reliable and robust in any climate conditions.
Acceptability of cookies substituted with mocaf flour and varied with red bean flour and herbal chicken gizzard
Authors: Agrifina M , Jumirah  , Lubis Z
Published: December 2021

Acceptability is an important factor in the success of additional feeding programs in the form of cookies in malnourished toddlers. The purpose of this study was to find out the acceptability of cookies that are substituted with mocaf flour, and varied with red bean flour, and herbal chicken gizzard. This experimental study was conducted using a completely randomized design using 3 factors and 3 treatments (C1, C2 and C3), namely each treatment used the same amount of mocaf flour, namely 120 g, red bean flour each 110 g, 100 g, 90 g and herbal chicken gizzard 20 g, 30 g and 40 g. Acceptance test was conducted on 30 toddlers aged 2-5 years in the Medan Tuntungan Health Center Work Area. The data were analyzed using the Krusskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney test. Based on the results of data analysis, it shows that organoleptic assessment based on flavour, color, taste, texture and form of treatment C1 is classified as favorable, while treatment C2 and C3 is classified as less favorable. The results of the Krusskal Wallis test proved that there were differences between the three cookie treatments (p< 0.05), and the Mann-Whitney test results showed that the C1-treated cookies were significantly different from the C2 and C3 treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, cookies with mocaf flour substitution (120g) which were varied with more red bean flour (110g) and less gizzard (20g) had the best acceptability, so that it can be used as an additional food for the improvement of nutrition of toddlers with less nutrition.
Thermodynamic aspects of electron-beam surface modification of low-carbon steel
Authors: Mishigdorzhiyn U L , Milonov A S , Gulyashinov P A , Ulakhanov N S , Semenov A P
Published: December 2021

Multicomponent surface modification of carbon steels is of high interest in mechanical engineering due to its beneficial impact on machine components’ and structures’ surface properties. The present research was devoted to simulating the process of aluminides and borides formation on the surface of low-carbon steel during electron beam alloying and predict the phase composition of the obtained coatings. Computational thermodynamics and approximate calculation method were used to solve the problem mentioned above. Calculations were done in the temperature range between 200 and 2000 K at 10−3 Pa. It was discovered that the calculated and experimental data of the coating’s phase composition differs significantly. The only confirmed phase that was predicted by the calculations was sodium fluoride (NaF). It was established that NaF presence in the treatment paste was redundant for the electron beam alloying because of its low reactivity in a vacuum. XRD analysis revealed the following phases in the coating: Fe2B, Fe3C, and AlFe3.
Modifying of the dielectric properties of adsorbed water in the force field of a solid surface
Authors: Simakov I G , Gulgenov Ch Zh , Bazarova S B
Published: December 2021

The results of thermodynamic and acoustoelectric studies of changes in the dielectric properties of adsorbed water under the influence of a solid surface force field are presented. It is noted that the dielectric properties of adsorbed water depend not only on the characteristic size of the system, but also on the interaction energy with the solid surface. Near the hydrophilic solid surface, the density of adsorbed water is increased and the mobility of molecules is reduced. The opposite effect occurs for hydrophobic surfaces. The frequency dependences of the dielectric properties of adsorbed water, as in the case of water in the solid and liquid phase, can be characterized using Debye relaxation theory. It is shown that a significant increase in the orientational dielectric relaxation time in adsorbed water can be explained by taking into account the energy of interfacial boundaries.
Scar Prevention With Prolonged Use of Tissue Adhesive Zipper Immediately After Facial Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Zongan , Jin Yunbo , Zou Yun , Qiu Yajing , Hu Li , Chang Lei , Chen Hui , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: December 2021

Background

Postsurgical scar management significantly affects patient satisfaction. However, reliable skin support options are limited.

Objectives

The present study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of using tissue adhesive zippers in postsurgical scar prevention among patients undergoing surgical excision of the face. The primary outcome was a reduction in scar width, which was evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Scar width at Month 12 was considered the final outcome.

Methods

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, rater-blinded trial. Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups (the zip group, defined as those using a tissue adhesive zipper for 3 months after surgery, and the control group). Outcomes were evaluated 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively based on scar width and Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale score. Skin irritation was monitored during the first 3 months after surgery. The incidence of hypertrophic scar formation was recorded at a 12-month follow-up.

Results

Scar width differed significantly between the zip (mean [standard deviation], 1.68 [0.45] mm) and control groups (2.15 [0.64] mm). The scars spread rapidly in the first month after surgery but slowed down and stabilized after 6 months. The Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale scores of the zip group were significantly lower than those of the control group. Neither group experienced significant complications.

Conclusions

Prolonged use of tissue adhesive zippers immediately after surgery reduced scar width and improved scar appearance without obvious side effects.

Level of Evidence: 2
sc-REnF: An entropy guided robust feature selection for single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Lall Snehalika , Ghosh Abhik , Ray Sumanta , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra
Published: December 2021

Annotation of cells in single-cell clustering requires a homogeneous grouping of cell populations. Since single-cell data are susceptible to technical noise, the quality of genes selected prior to clustering is of crucial importance in the preliminary steps of downstream analysis. Therefore, interest in robust gene selection has gained considerable attention in recent years. We introduce sc-REnF [robust entropy based feature (gene) selection method], aiming to leverage the advantages of $R{\prime}{e}nyi$ and $Tsallis$ entropies in gene selection for single cell clustering. Experiments demonstrate that with tuned parameter ($q$), $R{\prime}{e}nyi$ and $Tsallis$ entropies select genes that improved the clustering results significantly, over the other competing methods. sc-REnF can capture relevancy and redundancy among the features of noisy data extremely well due to its robust objective function. Moreover, the selected features/genes can able to determine the unknown cells with a high accuracy. Finally, sc-REnF yields good clustering performance in small sample, large feature scRNA-seq data. Availability: The sc-REnF is available at https://github.com/Snehalikalall/sc-REnF
Back translation for molecule generation
Authors: Fan Yang , Xia Yingce , Zhu Jinhua , Wu Lijun , Xie Shufang , Qin Tao
Published: December 2021

Motivation

Molecule generation, which is to generate new molecules, is an important problem in bioinformatics. Typical tasks include generating molecules with given properties, molecular property improvement (i.e. improving specific properties of an input molecule), retrosynthesis (i.e. predicting the molecules that can be used to synthesize a target molecule), etc. Recently, deep-learning-based methods received more attention for molecule generation. The labeled data of bioinformatics is usually costly to obtain, but there are millions of unlabeled molecules. Inspired by the success of sequence generation in natural language processing with unlabeled data, we would like to explore an effective way of using unlabeled molecules for molecule generation.

Results

We propose a new method, back translation for molecule generation, which is a simple yet effective semisupervised method. Let X be the source domain, which is the collection of properties, the molecules to be optimized, etc. Let Y be the target domain which is the collection of molecules. In particular, given a main task which is about to learn a mapping from the source domain X to the target domain Y, we first train a reversed model g for the Y to X mapping. After that, we use g to back translate the unlabeled data in Y to X and obtain more synthetic data. Finally, we combine the synthetic data with the labeled data and train a model for the main task. We conduct experiments on molecular property improvement and retrosynthesis, and we achieve state-of-the-art results on four molecule generation tasks and one retrosynthesis benchmark, USPTO-50k.

Availability and implementation

Our code and data are available at https://github.com/fyabc/BT4MolGen.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.