bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIÁVEIS DE CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR E SUAS DIFERENÇAS ENTRE AS REGIÕES PRODUTORAS
Authors: Pereira Nevison Amorim
Published: September 2017

Diante da importância do agronegócio brasileiro para a economia nacional e do crescimento da produção no setor sucroenergético, a avaliação dos custos das regiões produtoras pode melhorar a alocação dos recursos produtivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as diferenças dos custos de produção da cana-de-açúcar das regiões Nordeste, Centro-Sul tradicional e Centro-Sul expansão, no que diz respeito às safras 2007/2008 a 2011/2012 no Brasil. A pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva, utilizando-se de procedimento técnico documental e abordagem quantitativa. Os testes estatísticos aplicados foram Tukey e Kruskal-Wallis para identificar quais custos sofreram variações estatisticamente significativas entre as regiões. Os resultados mostram que o maior custo médio da atividade se refere à mecanização nas regiões Centro-Sul tradicional e Centro-Sul expansão, enquanto na região Nordeste se relaciona à mão de obra. Das variáveis analisadas apenas mecanização, arrendamento da terra e mão de obra apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas.
Actividades deportivas en el medio natural: su representación en libros de texto de Educación Física en Primaria
Authors: Moya-Mata Irene , Ruiz-Sanchís Laura , Martin Ruiz Julio , Ros Ros Concepción
Published: September 2017

El objeto de esta investigación es analizar las actividades deportivas realizadas en el medio natural representadas en los libros de texto de Educación Física (EF) en la etapa de Educación Primaria (EP), publicados en la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación (LOE). Se analizan 4339 imágenes, recogidas en 44 libros de texto, pertenecientes a ocho editoriales españolas. Para el análisis de contenido de las imágenes se utilizó la herramienta SAIMEF (Sistema de Análisis de las Imágenes de Educación Física), elaborada ad hoc. La prueba piloto, el panel de expertos y la triangulación con varios observadores fueron algunos de los criterios de cientificidad que avalaron dicha herramienta. Los resultados muestran que la presencia de imágenes referidas a las actividades deportivas en el medio natural continúa siendo muy escasa en los libros de texto de EF. La editorial Teide representa en mayor proporción este tipo de actividades con respecto al resto de editoriales. En el tercer ciclo   aparecen un mayor número de imágenes, predominando el dibujo frente a la fotografía. La actividad deportiva más representada es la orientación, con un 25.6%, incluida dentro de los deportes multidisciplinares, prevaleciendo el medio terrestre. La representación de los deportes en el medio natural varía según las editoriales analizadas. Se hace necesario incluir una mayor representación de las actividades deportivas en la naturaleza, diversificando el mayor número de prácticas, en todos los medios de realización y reorientando el deporte en el medio natural, a la vez de un cambio de conciencia social.
La construcción de instancias de juego con rasgos lúdicos en la educación física del nivel inicial
Authors: Gómez Smyth Leonardo
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo posee como objetivo general comprender los procesos de construcción de las situaciones lúdicas en clases de Educación Física Infantil.      Se ha llevado adelante un diseño metodológico sustentado en los supuestos epistemológicos de la metodología cualitativa, siendo una investigación de tipo aplicada, produciendo la información empírica en base a un trabajo de campo desarrollado en el contexto natural. El método ha sido un estudio de caso instrumental, en base a un diseño exploratorio – interpretativo, en el cual se ha desarrollado un proceso sistemático y longitudinal de observación de las clases de educación física, utilizando registros de notas de campo, video filmaciones y grabaciones de voz de los diálogos ocurridos entre el docente y los niños para recabar la información correspondiente, los cuales se unificaron en registros observacionales. La muestra ha sido de carácter no probabilística, deliberada e intencionada conformada por niños y niñas de entre cuatro y cinco años y de un docente especialista en Educación Física Infantil.           La construcción de las situaciones lúdicas requiere de acciones conjuntas entre la participación guiada del docente y de niños percibidos y sentidos como jugadores atravesando fases de montaje y sostenimiento de lo lúdico en donde se exponen preferentemente ideas o reglas de carácter implícito y/o explícito como proposiciones para jugar. Por tanto, en las situaciones lúdicas, los jugadores montan y estructuran la forma de juego preparando todo lo necesario para jugar y sobre todo van configurando un sentido no competitivo en sus modos de jugar.
Los juegos cooperativos: incidencia en la motivación, necesidades psicológicas básicas y disfrute en Educación Primaria
Authors: Navarro-Patón Rubén , Basanta-Camiño Silvia , Abelairas Gómez Cristian
Published: September 2017

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos de una unidad didáctica de juegos cooperativos sobre la motivación autodeterminada, las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el disfrute en escolares de 5º y 6º de educación primaria, dentro de las clases de educación física. Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post test con un grupo control. Los participantes fueron 104 escolares (10.29 ± .62 años) de Lugo (España). El grupo control y el experimental estuvieron constituidos por 50 y 54 alumnos, respectivamente. Para medir motivación, necesidades psicológicas básicas y disfrute se usó un cuestionario ad hoc utilizado en otras investigaciones. Los resultados indicaron efectos positivos del programa sobre la motivación intrínseca (p<.001); motivación externa (p=.044); desmotivación (p=.014); relación con los demás (p=.004), autonomía percibida (p=.001) y disfrute (p=.021). Los datos encontrados sugieren que la aplicación de unidades didácticas o programas basados en los juegos cooperativos podrían incidir de manera positiva en la motivación autodeterminada, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el disfrute de los escolares de educación primaria dentro de las clases de educación física.
Influencia de la Danza en el autoconcepto del alumnado de Educación Primaria. Análisis comparativo con otras actividades físicas
Authors: Abilleira González Maite , Fernández Villarino Marián A. , Ramallo Painceiro Sara , Prieto Troncoso Javier
Published: September 2017

Este trabajo de investigación pretende analizar la relación que existe entre el autoconcepto y la danza en el alumnado de Educación Primaria. Se han querido relacionar estas dos cuestiones debido a la importancia que tienen, por una parte, el autoconcepto en la identidad del sujeto y por otra parte, la realización de actividad física, concretamente la danza. Para llevarlo a cabo, se ha evaluado una muestra de 74 niños/as, de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 12 años, pertenecientes a un colegio (n=45) y dos escuelas de danza de Vigo (n=29). El instrumento de medida que se ha utilizado es la Escala de Autoconcepto (Piers Harris), que valora tanto el autoconcepto global, como sus diferentes dimensiones. La finalidad de esta investigación es observar si existe relación entre el autoconcepto y la danza y cuáles son las dimensiones en las que ésta obtiene mayores puntuaciones, comparar con la realización de otras actividades físicas. Tras analizar los resultados obtenidos, hemos comprobado que la danza no mejora el autoconcepto global por encima de otras actividades físicas, sin embargo, cabe destacar que se observa una dimensión del autoconcepto que sí se ve favorecida por la práctica de la danza, concretamente, la felicidad-satisfacción, en la cual se valora la autoestima del sujeto.
SUMBANGSIH UJI PROTEIN TELUR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAWANG PUTIH PADA MATA PELAJARAN BIOLOGI MATERI MAKANAN KELAS XI SMA/MA
Authors: Syarifah Syarifah , Fatiqin Awalul , Istiroha Istiroha
Published: September 2017

Protein compounds containing amino acids, composed of atoms C, H, O and N. Eggs are thesource of animal protein that has the highest quality or biological value. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the value of protein in eggs and application in biology subjects. Thisresearch was conducted in June 2016 at IPA Laboratory UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Proteinanalysis using Kjedahl method. The result of protein analysis obtained was lowest with theaddition of garlic P3 (200 g) the average value of 9.25%, the addition of garlic P2 (150 g) andP1 (100 g) with the mean of 9.42% and 9.48% had the same result systematically. Contributionin biology subjects is given in the method of egg protein test work with the addition of garlic ina systematic manner. In this case it can be concluded Fcount> Ftabel, so the addition of garlicis able to maintain the quality of protein in eggs awake and its contribution in the biology lessonof food in the form LKS.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN “INQUIRY SMALL RESEARCH” UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP ILMIAH DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Yuhanna Wachidatul Linda , Retno Raras Setyo , Juwanita Juwanita
Published: September 2017

This research aims to implement Inquiry Small Research to improve the scientific attitude and achievement of students in vertebrate zoology This research was conducted in second semester with 38 students. This classroom action research is conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle through planning, action, observation and reflection. Data collection using observation sheet to know the scientific attitude and cognitive test to measure student achievement. The results showed that implementation of Inquiry Small Research for scientific attitude of students with good and excellent category experienced an increase from pre-cycle and cycle I by 54%, and from cycle I and II increased by 6%. Thus, overall from the pre-cycle stage to cycle II, students' scientific attitudes increased by 60%. The increase of student achievement by 27%, from pre cycle and cycle I, from cycle I and cycle II experienced 39% improvement. Thus, overall from pre-cycle stage to cycle II, student achievement has increased by 66%. The conclusion of this research is through implementation of Inquiry Small Research can improve scientific attitude and student achievement.
PENGGUNAAN METODE BELAJAR ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP AKTIFITAS BELAJAR ANAK SUB POKOK BAHASAN PENGENALAN HEWAN DARAT
Authors: Zusfindhana Inna Hamida
Published: September 2017

This research is motivated by the objective condition of children who have difficulty learning in knowing land animals. The method of learning role playing is one of the learning methods used to overcome it. The purpose of this study is to improve the learning activities of children of sub-subject of animal introduction. The method used in this research is qualitative method using observation and interview to dig the child data. The subjects of the study were children with intelectual disability aged 9 years amounted to one person. The results showed that: 1) The cognitive development of the child is still like 6 years old children, 2) The children need services that suit their needs through role playing learning method, 3) role playing method done six times, 4) role playing method can increase Learning activities of children in knowing land animals.
Imagens e vozes do passado: memória urbana na sala de aula
Authors: Campos Ana Lúcia Furquim de , Lima Cacilda Comássio , Gracioli Maria Madalena
Published: September 2017

Este artigo aborda a memória urbana como recurso didático a partir de oficinas que desenvolvemos com professores da rede estadual, Diretoria de Ensino de Franca, como parte de um projeto de leitura que propõe aos professores a utilização de uma diversa tipologia textual visando sanar sificuldades na compreensão de textos e motivar os alunos na construção do conhecimento, bem como na busca de identidade e exercício da cidadania.
Coreografias no samba
Authors: Andrade Marília de
Published: September 2017

O artigo apresenta uma proposta metodológica para analisar coreografias das danças do samba do Rio de Janeiro. Essas coreografias revelam fusões de diferentes técnicas de dança, além de re-inveções e improvisações. Entretanto, pode-se identificar suas matrizes coreográficas originais, para justificar a proposta de um estudo ainda mais aprofundado, visando a seu resgate e preservação. Discutem-se os conceitos de técnicas codificadas de dança em contraposição a improvisações e alguns exemplos de matrizes coreográficas do samba são apresentados.
Samba: tradição e modernidade na música popular brasileira
Authors: Fenerick José Adriano
Published: September 2017

A música popular é algo que carrega em si uma contradição latente. Por um lado, tal como se construiu ao longo do século XX, é filha da moderna sociedade capitalista, e por outro, se apresenta como uma espécie de depósito das tradições e da memória coletiva. Assim, este artigo procura investigar essa contradição por meio de análise de algumas das várias polêmicas travadas entre os sambistas, no momentomesmo em que a música popular brasileira se formava.
¿Debe la América Latina temerle a China?
Authors: Lora Eduardo
Published: September 2017

Este artículo compara las condiciones de crecimiento económico de China y de la América Latina con el fin de evaluar los temores de que la economía china desplace a la latinoamericana en los próximos decenios. Las fortalezas de China se basan en el tamaño de su economía, su estabilidad macroeconómica, la abundante mano de obra barata, la rápida expansión de la infraestructura física y la capacidad para innovar. Las debilidades de China tienen su origen en la poca separación que existe entre el mercado y el Estado e incluyen la débil gobernabilidad corporativa, un sistema financiero frágil y una mala asignación del ahorro. La América Latina y China comparten debilidades importantes: el imperio de la ley es débil, la corrupción endémica y la escolaridad es baja y mal distribuida. Aunque los temores de desplazamiento de los sectores industriales y de la inversión extranjera son exagerados, China puede ser una fuente de inestabilidad financiera internacional con efectos potencialmente muy dañinos para la América Latina.
Karakter Antomi Daun Tumbuhan Mangrove Akibat Pencemaran di Hutan Mangrove Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Samiyarsih Siti , Suparjana Tata Brata , Juwarno Juwarno
Published: September 2017

This research was aimed to observe the anatomical character of mangrove plants leave and examine the differences from leaves anatomical character of mangroves in Donan river and Tritih forest in Cilacap regency as an self-adaptation indicator. The method which is used was survey method by collecting leaves sample of each mangrove plants. The sample was preparated using embedding method, and stained with safranin 1% disolved in alcohol 70%. The parameter of variable which is observed in leaves anatomical character are thickness of leaves,  leaves mesophyll thickness, cuticle thickness, stomata length size, and amount of stomata and trichome per leaves unit area. The data were analyzed with t-test for examining anatomical character difference. The results showed that four usual types of mangrove plants such as Achantus ilicifolius, Rhizospora mucronata, Aegiceros corniculatum, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza have similar leaves anatomical structure. The anatomical character from polluted habitat were different from unpolluted habitat. This differences was showed in leaves mesophyll thickness, cuticle thickness, stomata length size, and amount of stomata and trichome per mm2 leaves unit area.
Survei Nyamuk Culex spp. sebagai Vektor Filariasis di Desa Cisayong, Kecamatan Cisayong, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Authors: Portunasari Wulan Dwi , Kusmintarsih Endang Srimurni , Riwidiharso Edy
Published: September 2017

Filariasis limfatik merupakan penyakit disebabkan oleh cacing filaria Wuchereria brancofti, Brugia malayi, dan Brugia timori yang menyerang saluran dan kelenjar getah bening. Cx. quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor filariasis bancrofti di daerah urban. Kecamatan Cisayong endemis filariasis dengan Microfilaria rate >1%. Eliminasi  filariasis di  Indonesia ditetapkan dua pilar kegiatan yaitu pemberian obat massal pencegahan filariasis (POMP filariasis) di daerah endemis dan pengendalian vektor. Pengendalian vektor dan potensi vektor dalam penularan filariasis dapat diketahui melalui berbagai hal diantaranya dengan mengetahui spesies Culex, infection rate, parity rate dan kepadatan larva Culex.Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui spesies nyamuk Culex, infection rate, parity rate, dan kepadatan larva nyamuk Culex. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode survei dengan teknik cluster sampling. Kelompok (Cluster) dalam penelitian ini yaitu RT berjumlah 39 RT yang ada di Desa Cisayong. Penangkapan sampel nyamuk dilakukan di 9 kelompok (RT) yang terpilih. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada malam  hari pukul 18.00-00.00 WIB. Hasil penelitan menujukkan bahwa spesies Culex yang ditangkap di Desa Cisayog diantaranya Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. hutchinsoni , Cx. sitien , Cx. vishnui , Cx. pseudovishnui , Cx. tritaeniorhynchus dan Cx. gelidus, infection rate 0%, sementara itu, parity rate Cx. quinquefasciatus 66%, Cx. hutchinsoni 17%, Cx. sitien 68%, Cx. vishnui 55%, Cx. pseudovishnui 21%, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 53%, dan Cx. gelidus 54%. Kepadatan larva Culex sp. yaitu 3,38/cidukan.
Gambaran Populasi Golongan Darah Subgroup A (A1, A2) di PMI Kulon Progo
Authors: Prasetya Hieronymus Rayi , Budianto Bambang Heru , Hernayanti Hernayanti
Published: September 2017

Subgroup A1 and A2 are the most important in the blood group A. Subgroup A1 has the A antigen more than A2 subgroup, the A2 subgroup can cause misidentification of blood group due to poor A antigen and genetic variation possessed. Misidentification of the blood group will increase the risk of transfusion reactions. This research aims to describe the A1 and A2 subgroup population in Kulon Progo district. This study was conducted with a cross sectional sampling technique. The sample in this study were taken from donors of blood group A in Kulon Progo Red Cross. Identification of A1 and A2 subgroup is done by using lectin (Dolichos biflorus extract). The result of the examination of 53 samples showed that 96,2% was A1 subgroup and 3,8% was A2 subgroup.Key words : Subgroup A1, Subgroup A2, Population, Kulon Progo
PERUBAHAN PERILAKU MALADAPTIF DENGAN JADWAL TERSTRUKTUR PADA ANAK AUTISME
Authors: Siti Nuraini Purnamawati Suprihatin,
Published: September 2017

This research aimed at discovering the maladaptive bevavior change of the subject that is turning his/her head towards the window, leaving the seat to search the bee during the lesson after the child had been given the treatment using a structured schedule which fit to the peculiar characteristics of his/her maladaptive behavior objective. The research was conducted at SLB Tegar Harapan in Sleman (IY) as from June through Novemebr 2012. The research subject was an autistic child continuaously showing maladaptive behavior as mentioned before that made him not concentrate to rthe lesson. As a Single Subject Research with ABA design, this research applied obervation method to collect the data to be analyzed with simple technique. The findings showed in general the frequency of maladaptive behavior showed by the subject tent to decrease up to 1. Based on the findings, the research suggested to implement this method for other autistic children /more population to prove the effectiveness of the method.
MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI ACTIVE LEARNING IN HIGH EDUCATION (ALIHE) PADA MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN IPA SD DI JURUSAN PGSD FIP UNJ
Authors: Supriatna A R
Published: September 2017

The improvement of instructional quality, particularly in the Natural Science Course, in Primary School Teacher Education Departement of the School of Education, State University of Jakarta, has not well implemented active learning as required in ALIHE. The lecture plays more role directing the students rather than motivating the students to be active learning. The purpose of this research was to improve the instructional quality by implementing ALIHE in this Course. Employing action research method, the research was conducted at Primary School Teacher Education Departement of the School of Education, State University of Jakarta, as from February through June 2012. The data were collected using the observatuin sheets prepared in collaboration with Natural Science Lecturers responsible for the Course of Natural Science Education for Primary School. The findings concluded thet ALIHE strategy can (1) improve the instructional quality including the lectureâ€™s performance and the learning effects for the students, (2) improve the appropriate instructional climate, (3) enable the the lecture or the lecture and the students design instructional materials and media which improve the learning achiievement, and (4) enable the lecture to determine more suitable instructional system.
High-accuracy approximation of piecewise smooth functions using the Truncation and Encode approach
Authors: Donat Rosa , López-Ureña Sergio
Published: September 2017

In the present work, we analyze a technique designed by Geraci et al. in [1,11] named the Truncate and Encode (TE) strategy. It was presented as a non-intrusive method for steady and non-steady Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in Uncertainty Quantification (UQ), and as a weakly intrusive method in the unsteady case.

We analyze the TE algorithm applied to the approximation of functions, and in particular its performance for piecewise smooth functions. We carry out some numerical experiments, comparing the performance of the algorithm when using different linear and non-linear interpolation techniques and provide some recommendations that we find useful in order to achieve a high performance of the algorithm.
Thumb Ossification Composite Index (TOCI) for Predicting Peripubertal Skeletal Maturity and Peak Height Velocity in Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Hung Alec L.H. , Chau W.W. , Shi B. , Chow Simon K. , Yu Fiona Y.P. , Lam T.P. , Ng Bobby K.W. , Qiu Y. , Cheng Jack C.Y.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Accurate skeletal maturity assessment is important to guide clinical evaluation of idiopathic scoliosis, but commonly used methods are inadequate or too complex for rapid clinical use. The objective of the study was to propose a new simplified staging method, called the thumb ossification composite index (TOCI), based on the ossification pattern of the 2 thumb epiphyses and the adductor sesamoid bone; to determine its accuracy in predicting skeletal maturation when compared with the Sanders simplified skeletal maturity system (SSMS); and to validate its interrater and intrarater reliability.

Methods:

Hand radiographs of 125 girls, acquired when they were newly diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis prior to menarche and during longitudinal follow-up until skeletal maturity (a minimum of 4 years), were scored with the TOCI and SSMS. These scores were compared with digital skeletal age (DSA) and radius, ulna, and small hand bones (RUS) scores; anthropometric data; peak height velocity; and growth-remaining profiles. Correlations were analyzed with the chi-square test, Spearman and Cramer V correlation methods, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Reliability analysis using the intraclass correlation (ICC) was conducted.

Results:

Six hundred and forty-five hand radiographs (average, 5 of each girl) were scored. The TOCI staging system was highly correlated with the DSA and RUS scores (r = 0.93 and 0.92, p < 0.01). The mean peak height velocity (and standard deviation) was 7.43 ± 1.45 cm/yr and occurred at a mean age of 11.9 ± 0.86 years, with 70.1% and 51.4% of the subjects attaining their peak height velocity at TOCI stage 5 and SSMS stage 3, respectively. The 2 systems predicted peak height velocity with comparable accuracy, with a strong Cramer V association (0.526 and 0.466, respectively; p < 0.01) and similar sensitivity and specificity on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The mean age at menarche was 12.57 ± 1.12 years, with menarche occurring over several stages in both the TOCI and the SSMS. The growth remaining predicted by TOCI stage 8 matched well with that predicted by SSMS stage 7, with a mean of <2 cm/yr of growth potential over a mean of <1.7 years at these stages. The TOCI also demonstrated excellent reliability, with an overall ICC of >0.97.

Conclusions:

The new proposed TOCI could provide a simplified staging system for the assessment of skeletal maturity of subjects with idiopathic scoliosis. The index needs to be subjected to further multicenter validation in different ethnic groups.
A Study on the Volatility of the Bangladesh Stock Market — Based on GARCH Type Models
Authors: Roni Bhowmik , Wu Chao , Jewel Roy Kumar , Wang Shouyang
Published: September 2017

The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) type models are used to investigate the volatility of Bangladesh stock market. The findings of the study demonstrate that the index volatility characteristics changes over time. The article shows that the data are divided into three sub-periods: pre crisis, crisis, and post crisis. Accordingly, the results of the findings indicate changes in the GARCH-type models parameter, risk premium and persistence of volatility in different periods. A significant “low-yield associated with high-risk” phenomenon is detected in the crisis period and the “leverage effect” occurs in each periods. The investors are irrational which is based on assumption of risk and return characteristics of assets. Consequently, the market is not as mature as developed market. It is found in the article that the threshold generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (TGARCH) model is more accurate for the model accuracy. Additionally, statistic error measurements indicate that GARCH model is more efficient than others and it has also more forecasting ability.
Knowledge management in future organizations
Authors: Johannessen Jon-Arild
Published: September 2017

The question addressed in this paper is linked to the future of knowledge management. The problem is that we don’t know how knowledge resources will benefit the organization of the future. The purpose in this article is to give some tentative answers to knowledge management, organizational design and leadership issues in the global knowledge economy.
Efecto de la demanda en las características del ganado ovino comercializado en el Altiplano Oeste Potosino
Authors: Ramírez López Artemio , Coronado Minjarez Martín Alexander
Published: September 2017

Las regiones áridas y semiáridas comprenden poco más de un tercio de la superficie terrestre. En el caso de México, las zonas áridas y semiáridas están conformadas por cerca de 854,000 km2 de pastizales naturales que son utilizados como agostaderos para la crianza de bovinos, ovinos y caprinos, actividad que se ha constituido como un medio de ahorro y disminución de pérdidas monetarias dentro de las actividades de subsistencia de los pequeños productores en estas zonas del país. El objetivo de este estudio fue encontrar diferencias entre las características raza, peso, edad y sanidad en el ganado ovino comercializado en el Altiplano Oeste Potosino (AOP), observando cuáles de éstas inciden en lo demandado por compradores al momento de la compra-venta dentro del eslabón primario de la cadena de ovino en dicha región. La información se obtuvo mediante una encuesta aplicada a 115 ovinocultores. Se utilizó la prueba Kruskal-Wallis para determinar diferencias entre las características demandadas según el municipio y una prueba de X2 para el tipo de comprador (local/foráneo). Mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria, se determinó la probabilidad de demanda para cada característica. Se encontró que no existen diferencias entre los municipios que conforman la región según las características demandadas. En lo respectivo a las características solicitadas por tipo de comprador, sólo hubo diferencias para la característica edad (P≤0.05), siendo la edad solicitada por un comprador local el doble a la solicitada por uno foráneo (6 meses). El modelo de regresión logística binaria indicó una mayor probabilidad de demanda para la característica raza (91.7%). La mayor preferencia se dio para la raza Dorper. La investigación reveló que la geografía de la región y el origen de los clientes no influyen sobre la demanda de las características peso, raza, sanidad y edad de los hatos ovinos. Se observó una cadena productiva poco competitiva y desintegrada. Debido a la importancia de esta cadena productiva en la región, se hace factible la implementación de estrategias que procuren la integración económica mediante el uso del conocimiento e información de la demanda de ganado ovino, pudiendo este elemento conformarse en un mecanismo de empoderamiento para ovinocultores y un soporte para innovaciones tecnológicas en los sistemas productivos locales.
Perfiles de resistencia a antibióticos y metales pesados en Pseudomonas aeruginosa potencialmente patógenas aisladas de agua de uso agrícola
Authors: Gutiérrez Cárdenas Oscar Giovanni , Navarro Ibarra Luis Fernando , Loeza Lara Pedro Damián , Del Río Rodríguez Oscar Guadalupe , Jiménez Mejía Rafael
Published: September 2017

El 70% del agua a nivel mundial se destina principalmente para las actividades agrícolas. Sin embargo, debido al crecimiento descontrolado de los asentamientos urbanos se ha acentuado la escasez y contaminación de los cuerpos de agua superficiales, de tal forma que cada vez este líquido de buena calidad es más escaso para la agricultura. Uno de los principales contaminantes son las bacterias potencialmente patógenas resistentes a los antibióticos. Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una bacteria que se encuentra normalmente en el agua y suelo, es patógeno de animales y plantas. Esta bacteria se ha considerado un fenómeno de resistencia debido a la diversidad de mecanismos que posee, por lo cual representa un riesgo potencial para la población.Método: Se colectaron muestras de agua de uso agrícola, a partir de las cuales se aislaron e identificaron a nivel bioquímico y molecular P. aeruginosa. En estas bacterias se determinó la distribución de 6 genes de virulencia por PCR. Mediante ensayos de difusión en disco y microdilución se analizó la resistencia a 20 antibióticos. Además mediante ensayos de microdilución se determinó la resistencia a metales pesados.Resultados: Se identificaron a nivel bioquímico y molecular 46 aislados de P. aeruginosa, éstas son potencialmente patógenas ya que en ellas se detectó la presencia de los genes de virulencia algD y toxA (100%), lasB (97.8%), plcH (95.6%), plcN (91.3%) y exoS (89.1%). Dichas bacterias presentaron altos índices de resistencia a ampicilina, ceftriaxona, cloranfenicol, cefalotina, cefotaxima, nitrofurantoína, kanamicina, estreptomicina y tetraciclina. De igual forma fueron muy susceptibles a ceftazidima, gentamicina, imipenem, ticarcilina, aztreonam, levofloxacina, netilmicina y carbenicilina. Todas las bacterias fueron multirresistentes ya que toleraron entre 8 y 11 antibióticos. De acuerdo a los patrones de resistencia observados, las bacterias se clasificaron en 11 grupos. Mientras que para los metales pesados se presentaron altos niveles de tolerancia para Cu+2, Zn+2, Ba+2, Pb+2 y Se+4.Conclusión: Las P. aeruginosa aisladas de agua de uso agrícola en la zona de estudio son potencialmente patógenas debido a la presencia de genes de virulencia. Además presentaron altos índices de resistencia a antibióticos y tolerancia metales pesados.
Effective biosorption of phenol by the thermophilic cyanobacterium Phormidium sp.
Authors: Karatay Sevgi Ertuğrul , Dönmez Gönül , Aksu Zümriye
Published: September 2017

The use of microbial biomass as biosorbent for phenol removal has been extensively studied, but its removal by biosorption by thermophilic cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. has not been investigated to the best of our knowledge. In the present study, some important parameters for biosorption process were optimized, starting with testing the effects of different pH values ranging from 1 to 12, and then initial phenol concentrations of 45.1, 115.3, 181.4, 243.3, 339.9 mg/L on phenol uptake. The efficiency of removal from aqueous solution was higher within the pH 6–8 range, with the maximum of 100% at pH 7 after 24 hours of adsorption time. The highest specific rate was observed as 165.1 mg/g in the presence of 339.9 mg/l initial phenol concentration. The Freundlich adsorption models were fitted to the equilibrium data, which indicated that phenol ions were favourably adsorbed by Phormidium sp.
(±)-3,5-Bis(substitutedmethyl)pyrrolidines: Application to the Synthesis of Analogues of glycine-L-proline-L-glutamic Acid (GPE)
Authors: da Costa Joana Ferreira , Garcia-Mera Xerardo , Poceiro David Silva , Caamano Olga
Published: September 2017

Backiground: Alzheimer's disease is a fatal, complex, neurodegenerative disease over 46 million
people live with dementia in the world characterized by the presence of plaques containing β-amyloid and neuronal
loss. The GPE acts as a survival factor against β-amyloid insult in brain and suggests a possible new
therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Central Nervous System injuries and neurodegenerative disorders. The
structural simplicity of GPE makes it a suitable lead molecule for the development of new drugs that to cross
the blood-brain barrier.

Objective:

With these aims in mind, we embarked on a synthetic program focused on the modification of the Lproline
residue of GPE in order to investigate its importance on the neuroprotective activities.

Method:

The general synthetic strategy involved the preparation of several modified proline residues, which
were subsequently coupled to N-Boc-glycine-OH and glutamic dimethyl ester hydrochloride.

Results:

the mixture of compounds 11 was obtained in good yields (72%) under these conditions, and this was
readily separated by column chromatography and the components were identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectral,
as well as by its EI HRMS.

Conclusion:

Compound (±)-8 was coupled with L-glutamic dimethyl ester hydrochloride gave a mixture of
dipeptides 9a and 9b in a satisfactory yield. The use of T3P as coupling agent of the mixture 10a and 10b with
Boc-glycine provided a new analogue of GPE, tripeptide 11, obtained with an overall yield of 65% from (±)-1.
Solvent-free Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Some Novel Furanone and Spiropyrimidone Derivatives
Authors: Elsayed Galal A. , Mahmoud Naglaa F.H. , Rizk Sameh A.
Published: September 2017

Background:

The regioselective synthesis of spiro-heterocyclic compounds is intriguing since those
compounds have unique non-planar structures and great potential for binding to biomolecules because of their
inherent rigid chiral structure. A novel class of furanone and spiro-heterocyclic derivatives were synthesized
and evaluated for antifungal activities to establish structure-activity relationship (SAR).

Results:

The synthesis was carried out through one-pot multicomponent reaction (MCR) of 4-aryl-4-oxo-2-
butenoic acids, camphor, urea, and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium ethoxide as a catalyst using a
microwave irradiation method and / or a traditional thermal method. They are used as key starting materials to
synthesize some heterocyclic compounds. Structures of all synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental
analyses and spectroscopic data.

Conclusion:

A facile and efficient method for the preparation of a new furanone, chalcone and spiropyrimidone
derivatives via the one-pot MCR with the microwave-assisted irradiation was established.
Sustainable CeO2/ZrO2 Mixed Oxide Catalyst For the Green Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1,4-Dihydropyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Shabalala Sebenzile , Maddila Suresh , van-Zyl Werner E. , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: September 2017

Aim and Objective:

Ceria loaded on solid zirconia was employed as heterogeneous catalyst for the
synthesis of pyridine derivatives via a one-vessel, four-component reaction consisting of substituted aldehyde,
malononitrile, dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate and dimethylaniline with good to excellent product yields (87 to
95%). The noteworthy advantages of the facile method with ethanol as solvent are excellent yields with short
reaction times. Catalyst is reusable with little loss of activity up to six rounds.

Materials and Method:

All the catalyst materials were synthesized by using simple wet-impregnation method.
The powder X-ray diffraction, TEM, SEM and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis techniques were employed
for the structural interpretation of CeO2/ZrO2, the identity of target products were established and confirmed by
diverse spectral (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 15N NMR, FT-IR and HRMS) techniques.

Results:

As convincingly demonstrated by the synthetic approaches reported in this review, MCRs have facilitated
many new methodologies with significant advantages for efficient and well organized synthesis of varied
pyrazole derivatives. The methodology involved variety of options for catalysts that can be chosen using different
solvents or solvent-free conditions and/or using alternative energy-efficient options such as microwave
irradiation and sonification. This review brings together ample material about synthesis of varied pyrazole derivatives
that may have prodigious scope, in drug design and therapeutics. It is anticipated that research efforts
in this direction will endure in the search for novel, atom efficient, small molecules with excellent drug-like
properties.

Conclusion:

In this study, we report on a green and efficient one-pot protocol for the synthesis of functionalized
1,4-dihydropyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate derivatives through a four-component reaction between malononitrile,
dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate, dimethylaniline and substituted aldehydes using 2.5% CeO2/ZrO2 as a
catalyst in EtOH and at room temperature. This methodology has several advantages such as short reaction
times (< 30 min), high product yields (87-95%), ease of handling, facile and green work-up. The easy recoverable
and reusable catalyst meets the industrial and environmental requirements and is versatile and cost effective.
Effect of Honey & Olive Oil Supplemented Bio-Yoghurt Feeding on Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose and Hematological Parameters in Rats
Authors: Ismail Magdy M. , Ammar El-Tahra M. , Khalil Abd El-Wahab E. , Eid Mohamed Z.
Published: September 2017

Background and Objective: Yoghurt, especially bio-yoghurt has long been recognized as a product with many health benefits for consumers. Also, honey and olive oil have considerable nutritional and health effects. So, the effect of administration of yoghurt made using ABT culture and fortified with honey (2 and 6%), olive oil (1 and 4%) or honey + olive oil (2+1 and 6+4% respectively) on some biological and hematological properties of rats was investigated.

Methods:

The body weight gain, serum lipid level, blood glucose level, serum creatinine level, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) activity, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) activity, leukocytes and lymphocytes counts of rats were evaluated.

Results:

Blending of bio-yoghurt with rats' diet improved body weight gain. Concentrations of Total plasma Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) significantly lowered in plasma of rats fed bio-yoghurt. Levels of TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG also decreased in rat groups feed bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil. LDL concentrations were reduced by 10.32, 18.51, 34.17, 22.48, 43.30% in plasma of rats fed classic starter yoghurt, ABT yoghurt, ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey, ABT yoghurt contained 4% olive oil and ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey + 4% olive oil respectively. The blood glucose, serum creatinine, GOT and GPT values of rats decreased while white blood cells and lymphocytes counts increased by feeding bioyoghurt contained honey and olive oil.

Conclusion:

The findings enhanced the multiple therapeutic effects of bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil.
Novel Spiro/non-Spiro Pyranopyrazoles: Eco-Friendly Synthesis, In-vitro Anticancer Activity, DNA Binding, and In-silico Docking Studies
Authors: Shukla Paritosh , Sharma Ashok , Fageria Leena , Chowdhury Rajdeep
Published: September 2017

Background:

Cancer being a deadly disease, many reports of new chemical entities are
available. Pyranopyrazole (PPZ) compounds have also been disclosed as bioactive molecules but mainly
as antimicrobial agents. Based on one previous report and our interest in anticancer drug design, we
decided to explore PPZs as anticancer agents. To the best of our knowledge, we found that a comprehensive
study, involving synthesis, in-vitro biological activity determination, exploration of the mechanism
of inhibition and finally in-silico docking studies, was missing in earlier reports. This is what the
present study intends to accomplish.

Methods:

Ten spiro and eleven non-spiro PPZ molecules were synthesized by environment-friendly
multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy. After subjecting each of the newly synthesized molecules to
Hep3b hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines assay, we selectively measured the Optical Density (OD) of
the most active ones. Then, the compound exhibiting the best activity was docked against human CHK-
1 protein to get an insight into the binding affinities and a quick structure activity relationship (SAR) of
the PPZs.

Results:

The two series of spiro and non-spiro PPZs were easily synthesized in high yields using microwave
assisted synthesis and other methods. Among the synthesized compounds, most compounds
showed moderate to good anticancer activity against the MTT assay. After performing the absorbance
studies we found that the non-spiro molecules showed better apoptosis results and appeared to bind to
DNA causing disruption in their structures. Finally, the docking results of compound 5h (having N,Ndimethylamino
substituted moiety) clearly showed good binding affinities as predicted by our experimental
findings.

Conclusion:

The paper describes a comprehensive synthesis, in-vitro and docking studies done on new
PPZs. The newly synthesized series of spiro and non-spiro PPZs were found to possess antineoplasmic
activity as evinced by the studies on hep3b cells. Also, the UV visible absorbance study gave clues to
the possible binding of these molecules to the DNA. Docking studies corroborated well with the experimental
results. Thus, these new molecules appear to be potential anticancer agents, but further studies
are required to substantiate and elaborate on these findings.
Intellectual Disability
Authors: Hepsiba - , Raju MVR.
Published: September 2017

Intellectual disability is a disability that occurs before age 18. People with this disability experience significant limitations in two main areas: 1) Intellectual functioning and 2) Adaptive behavior. These limitations are expressed in the person’s conceptual, social and practical everyday living skills. A number of people with intellectual disability are mildly affected, making the disability difficult to recognize without visual cues. Intellectual disability is diagnosed through the use of standardized tests of intelligence and adaptive behavior. In this article, we will examine the symptoms and causes of intellectual disability and go through the diagnosis of intellectual disability using standardized tests of intelligence and discuss the role of the community environment and needed support.
Homeschooling dalam masyarakat: Studi etnografi pendidikan
Authors: Purnamasari Iin , Suyata S. , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti
Published: September 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis: (a) homeschooling sebagai alternatif pada sebagian masyarakat, (b) peranan keluarga dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan homeschooling, (c) mengeksplorasi aspek-aspek kultur dalam pendidikan homeschooling, (d) mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai dalam pendidikan homeschooling, (e) menganalisis tantangan, harapan, dan pengembangan pendidikan homeschooling. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi yang berusaha mendapatkan informasi selengkap mungkin untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis homeschooling dalam masyarakat, sebagai salah satu alternatif pendidikan, dalam situasi yang ilmiah. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua homeschooling tunggal, dua homeschooling majemuk dan dua homeschooling komunitas. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan, analisis dokumen, wawancara mendalam, dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Penelitian etnografis dilaksanakan dengan mengikuti tahapan dan proses penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat induktif, yang terdiri dari tahapan alur penelitian maju bertahap (the Developmental Research Sequence/DRS). Penelitian menemukan  lima hal pokok yaitu; (a) pilihan terhadap homeschooling sebagai pendidikan alternatif dengan model praktik tunggal, majemuk dan komunitas memiliki alasan, motivasi, metode dan pendekatan serta pengembangan minat bakat anak serta upaya membangun masa depan anak. (b)  peran keluarga pada homeschooling tunggal dominan, majemuk diberdayakan, dan komunitas sebagai pendekatan, dimana masing-masing terpengaruh oleh penanaman nilai-nilai dalam budaya keluarga. (c) formula model pendidikan homeschooling berbasis kultur  yang meliputi penguatan keyakinan, toleransi, mandiri, kejujuran, tanggung jawab, percaya diri, disiplin, kompetitif, solidaritas, sosialisasi lintas usia, dan berpikir kritis, sesuai dengan kebutuhan pendidikan anak. (d) Nilai-nilai positif homeschooling antara lain: (a) anak terbentuk sebagai pembelajar mandiri dan terbiasa berpikir mendalam (critical thinking). (b) peran orangtua/keluarga sebagai pengelola pendidikan dan proses belajar. (c) pola pembelajaran customized, (d) penanaman nilai sosial budaya terbangun dari interaksi antara anak dengan orangtua/keluarga, para homeschooler dalam komunitas belajar. (e) terdapat tantangan, harapan dan kemungkinan pengembangan pendidikan homeschooling dalam masyarakat.
Variación génica intrapoblacional del caracol gigante africano (Achatina fulica) en el Valle del Cauca
Authors: Patiño-Montoya Angie , Giraldo Alan
Published: September 2017

Objetivo. Evaluar la variación genética intrapoblacional de A. fulica en el Valle del Cauca. Materiales y métodos. Se amplificaron diez loci microsatélites de muestras obtenidas en ocho municipios del Departamento. Se estimaron las frecuencias alélicas y descriptores de la diversidad genética intrapoblacional y se discriminó mediante un análisis bayesiano la cantidad de agrupaciones presentes en la zona de estudio. Resultados. Se identificaron dos agrupaciones en el Valle del Cauca (p>50%): una conformada por los individuos de los municipios del Norte y Centro, otra por los municipios del Sur y Occidente. Estas agrupaciones, fueron genéticamente diferentes (FST0.16; p<0.05), confirmándose además aislamiento por distancia (Mantel p 0.01; R20.06) y un alto nivel de endogamia a partir del déficit de heterocigotos en los loci evaluados (FIS0.45). Conclusiones. Se sugiere que la población de A. fúlica en el Valle del Cauca pudo tener más de un lugar de introducción o incluso más de una oleada de invasión. Además, el alto nivel de endogamia probablemente es el resultado de las actividades de control, las cuales eliminan individuos adultos de la población lo que conlleva al incremento de la deriva per se del efecto fundador.
Analiza porównawcza wybranych metod stosowanych do obliczania instalacji wodociągowych
Authors: Wichowski Piotr , Rutkowska Gabriela , Sawiak Przemysław
Published: September 2017

The article compares the methodology for the calculation of water installations according to PN-/B-01706:1992 and PN-EN 806-3:2006. For typically equipped flat we obtain the design flow by about 16% higher using the European standard. In addition, design flow-rate calculation for multifamily buildings was compared with formulas administered in the literature and the results of own research. Measured flows are average two to three times lower than the value determined by computing standards. They are comparable or slightly higher than those determined according to the models reported in the literature.