bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Bundaberg Bee Virus 4 Genome Identified in Hawaii
Authors: Doherty James , Khadka Vedbar , Kondo Beatrice , Panee Jun
Published: July 2023

To identify genetic markers of different cultivars of Stevia rebaudiana (stevia), leaf samples from twenty-three genetically unique stevia plants were subjected to RNA sequencing. Unexpectedly, transcriptome annotation revealed a ‘viral polyprotein’ contig, which was identified as the Bundaberg Bee Virus 4 (BBV4), a virus that has not been found in Hawaii before. BBV4 expression was found in twelve samples, and the expression levels ranged from 0.08-339.18 transcripts per million (TPM). A ‘BBV4-Hawaii’ consensus sequence was generated from 227,427 reads and shares 99.7% identity with the BBV4 reference sample from Australia. A phylogenetic tree estimation constructed using three viral domains placed BBV4 in a monophyletic clade with other members of Iflaviridae, supporting an Iflaviridae classification. A BBV4 intergenic region (IGR) was found to contain a ‘slippery sequence’ within a region that is predicted to contain the unique structure required for Programmed Ribosomal Shifting (PRS). A homological comparison of the BBV4 IGR to two other Picornavirales that utilize alternative translation revealed an area of overlap in the analogous regions. These results suggest that BBV4 may utilize alternative translation and that its IGR is involved in the process. This study also demonstrates the utility of repurposing large Next Generation Sequence (NGS) datasets with sufficiently deep coverage for viral genome identification, quantification, and characterization. The results herein represent the first full capture of the BBV4 genomic sequence and the second reported observation of the virus worldwide.
The Administration of 2% Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Extract Cream Inhibited the Increase of Tyrosinase Enzyme Expression and the Amount of Skin Melanin in Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Skin Exposed to UV B Light
Authors: Damayanti Wahyuningsih Mila , Pangkahila Wimpie , Winarti Ni Wayan
Published: July 2023

Medical science has progressed a lot and Anti Aging Medicine (AAM) is one of the sciences in the medical world that brings a new paradigm. Hyperpigmentation is one of the most common skin problems caused by excessive pigment melanin production. Plums are nutrient-rich and can be eaten raw, dried, or processed. This research aimed to evaluate the administration of 2% plum extract in inhibiting the increase of tyrosinase enzyme expression and the amount of skin melanin in male guinea pigs’ skin exposed to UV B light. This was a randomized post-test-only control group design using 30 male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), aged 12-16 weeks, weight 300-350 grams, and divided into three groups, the control group did not get any cream, treatment group 1 received cream base, and treatment group 2 got 2% plum extract cream. Creams were applied daily 0.1 mg/cm2 at 09.40 and 14.00 WITA. All guinea pigs received UV-B irradiation, three times a week with a total dose of 390 mJ/cm2. Tyrosinase enzyme expression was examined by calculating the percentage of cells expressing the enzyme using immunohistochemical methods. On the other hand, the amount of melanin was obtained by calculating the melanin percentage that appeared on histopathological preparations using Masson-Fontana staining. The data obtained were analyzed using the One-way ANOVA test with a significance value of p<0.05. The expression of the tyrosinase enzyme in the control group and group with base cream was not significantly different (22.75 ± 5.50% vs. 21.30 ± 6.50%, p = 0.601). Similarly, the mean amount of melanin (4.42 ± 1.57% vs 4.27 ± 1.63%, p = 0.775). On the other hand, the results of the mean tyrosinase expression and the mean amount of melanin in the group receiving 2% plum extract were significantly lower than the treatment group receiving base cream (7.06 ± 5.18% vs 21.30 ± 6.50% and 0.42 ± 0.19% vs. 4.27 ± 1.63%) with p-value < 0.000. It can be concluded that the administration of 2% plum (Prunus domestica L.) extract cream inhibited the increase in the expression of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin in the skin of male guinea pigs (C. porcellus) exposed to UVB light.
ENSURING FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SHADOW BANKING
Authors: Riazanova Nataliia
Published: July 2023

A scientific approach to financial and economic security based on the use of digital financial monitoring technologies in the growth of financial operations of shadow banking, which allows in the transition to a digital economy to reduce threats to financial and economic security by reducing the possibility of anonymous capital management using impersonal electronic transactions , including remote cross-border management of financial assets in offshore areas and low-tax jurisdictions that hide real participants and beneficiaries of financial transactions from state control. It is substantiated that the introduction of various digital technologies in the implementation of financial transactions makes it necessary to prioritize the control of operators that provide non-transparent maneuverability of operations related to shadow banking. This stimulates the growth of uncontrolled assets for official bodies, including the regulator, creating a basis for new risks and threats to the financial stability of the country's economy and requires strengthening the state's function to protect national interests and increase financial and economic security. The possibility and expediency of automated formation of a distributed group of online registers in which each transaction is controlled, confirmed and registered is determined. This creates a reliable history of transactions with automated identification of all participants in financial transactions based on the inclusion of shadow banking operations in distributed databases containing records of all transactions that cannot be changed or forged, which meets the requirements of automation of control activities. Conceptual provisions on protection of national interests of the country and the decision of a problem of criminalization of a society and liquidation of shadow economy on the basis of increase of transparency of financial operations within the limits of the existing dishonest practices realized by structures of shadow banking are formulated. The priority directions of financial and economic security in the conditions of shadow banking on the basis of formation of the cross-border information environment based on a digital transaction platform are defined by building uniform logic of processes of control activity, rules and coordination possibilities at functioning of the system of the control bodies carrying out monitoring and preventive actions. regarding shadow banking.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART SPECIALIZATION IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Slynko Mykola
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the adequacy of the existing regulatory framework for the successful implementation of smart specialization in the regions of Ukraine. The work is justified the relevance of the study of the issues of regulatory and legal regulation of procedures for the implementation of smart specialization at the regional level in Ukraine. The scientific novelty of work is, firstly, in a reasonable analysis of the regulatory framework for the implementation of innovation activities in Ukraine with the determination of its effective impact on the country's position, which it occupies among the countries of the world on innovation activity, and, secondly, in the systematization of evaluation indicators of various aspects Implementing smart specialization projects with the addition of the existing system with new indicators.

The chronology of formation in Ukraine has been established, since its independence, the system of regulatory and legislative regulation of innovative activities of business entities, as a key factor in the country's conclusion from the crisis state. The effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework for the intensification of innovative activities in Ukraine through the dynamics of the rating in Global Innovation Index and its place to the percentage of R & D spending in GDP and on the percentage of exporting high-tech goods in industrial exports among the countries of the world has been analyzed.

The state of regulatory and legal and organizational support for the implementation of smart specialization in Ukraine was investigated. It was established that in Ukrainian regulatory acts there is only a statement of the need for the implementation of smart specialization in the territory of the regions of Ukraine. The state regulatory documents are proclaimed that Ukraine joins the implementation of the principles of smart specialization through S3 Platform, which is given the role of a methodological, information and coordinating center. The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating unified guidelines or guidelines in Ukraine, which would provide specific explanations on key aspects of the implementation of smart specialization projects, the list of which is specified in the work.

The indicators are systematized, with the help of which a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of the degree of dissemination and effectiveness of smart specialization procedures at the regional level in the country are systematized. The feasibility of introducing new indicators of estimating the intensity of the implementation of smart specialization projects is substantiated.
MODELING THE EVOLUTION OF AN AGGRESSIVE TOTALITARIAN REGIME: A GEOMETRIC APPROACH
Authors: Zagoruiko I.O. , Petkova L.O.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the methodology of modelling the evolution of an aggressive totalitarian regime. The methodology is grounded on the macroeconomic functions and their geometric reflection. Several models are built and analyzed in the article, such as the socio-political, military-economic and socio-economic evolution of totalitarian society; evolution of labour potential; goods’  net exports and production capacity of the country with a variable level of nationalization of the economy; changing economic potential during the war between a large totalitarian country and a small democracy country.

The nowadays totalitarian regime (similar to the previous one) is based on the nationalization of the economy and the manipulation of information. The nationalization isn’t total now, but the means of manipulation have improved significantly. The authors suggested that the reduction of repression in a totalitarian country is not a sign of its liberalization. The economic growth leads to the impoverishment of the population, and economic crises – to its disqualification in quasi-market circumstances. Together they strengthen the regime's social base. High prices for low-tech goods increase the level of nationalization of the economy and, consequently, reduce the country's productive potential. Specialization in low-tech exports puts it in a "trap of nationalization", where the positive trade balance becomes impossible to even with lower levels of government regulation. Deteriorating global conditions for trade in low-tech goods create a situation of uncertainty when the level of nationalization can both fall and rise. The excess of maximum allowable losses over the minimum possible losses of a large totalitarian country becomes the "trigger" for open aggression. The fundamental asymmetry like the losses for the military-and-economic potential of a large totalitarian country and a small democratic country is the peculiarity of the clash between them.
BUSINESS STRUCTURES OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MARITAL STATE: PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONING
Authors: Kolomytseva Olena , Prodanova Larysa
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to studying the state of business structures of Ukrainian territorial communities, in which they found themselves due to large-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine. The article aims to analyze the conditions and identify the problems of functioning of business structures of territorial communities in wartime conditions. The state of Ukrainian business provision with the essential production resources, human, material, and financial resources in particular, which determine the possibilities not only of its survival but also of practical work to secure or resuscitate the economy and social sphere of territorial communities in conditions of war, is analyzed. The population displacement trends within the country and abroad, as well as the employment of internally displaced persons, are characterized. The total losses of the state territorial communities' economy from the damage to the infrastructure as a result of military actions are analyzed. The trends of the leading indicators of local budgets, particularly the amount and structure of income and expenses, are determined. The experience of business relocation from the places of active hostilities to territorial communities in relatively safe regions of the state and the experience of restoring the relocated business structures are summarized. It is emphasized that among the main problems of the business functioning of territorial communities of Ukraine in wartime conditions are: limited material resources, lack of qualified personnel and working capital, inflation and devaluation, in particular, the rise in prices for raw materials, the destruction of business and partnership ties, and problems with logistics, a drop in solvent demand on the market. In the conditions of the military economy, a working business must provide the owners' income and the employees' payment. Most importantly, it provides the income of the state budget and the budgets of territorial communities of various levels, which allows to solve such vital problems as the financial capacity of millions of Ukrainian citizens and the preservation of solvent demand of domestic market, the financial capacity of territorial communities to quickly resolve the most important socio-economic issues, in particular in terms of ensuring the operation of critical infrastructure facilities, and the financial ability of the state to accumulate and concentrate funds to support the armed forces of Ukraine, ensure social benefits and national socio-economic stability.
Assessing EFL Students Speaking in the classroom from Kurdish Instructors’ perspectives
Authors: Qarani Zahraa S.
Published: July 2023

Nowadays, students are required to improve their speaking skill more than any other language skill. Since, speaking skill is difficult to develop in EFL classes teachers need to use effective strategies to teach and assess this skill. A student's ability to speak is determined by their ability to explain something or express themselves verbally. This paper aims at finding out  Kurdish instructors ‘perspectives  on their role on assessing EFL students in the classroom and   the strategies used for assessing speaking in EFL classes. This paper tries to find out an answer to the following question: what is the Instructor’s role in the assessment process? Moreover,  what are the strategies for assessing speaking in EFL classes from instructors’ perspective? Furthermore, the paper has been limited to instructors of Cihan University-Erbil and Salahaddin University-Erbil for the academic year 2022-2023. The population was (21) instructors College of Language, Education and Basic Education. The data has been conducted by questionnaire, the Tool adopted for analyzing the data is SPSS.  It is concluded that the most common strategies applied by the instructors in assessment of speaking sessions were direct question and answer, interview and storytelling. Moreover, the data analysis presented that the main role that majority of the instructors gave importance to were objective assessment and rubric, taking into consideration the students interest in the topic, and the content of the conversation or discussion in addition to the interaction.
A System Based on Fuzzy Logic to Manage Operations in Container Yards
Authors:   Aston Business School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK, Al-Bazi Ammar , Al-Salami Qusay ,   Departments of Business Administration, College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Abbas Ali ,   Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing Coventry University, UK, Jerjees Zina ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the assignment of arrived containers to pre-existing stacks stored in one of the container yards, particularly when the containers' date of departure and time are unknown. This becomes more difficult when different-sized, typed, and weighted containers needs be stored in pre-existing containers yard. The main objective is to create a Fuzzy Knowledge-Based System (FKB_CYM) that considers practical factors and limitations such as container quantity per stack and customer, type, size, and weight. Various tools and methodologies are used, including Discrete Event (DE), Fuzzy Knowledge-Based Modelling (FKBM), and a Neighborhood Algorithm (NA). The paper thoroughly discusses and evaluates the system's findings.
Environmental rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories as a component of environmental safety
Authors: Pakholok Yu.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to determining the content of environmental rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories as a component of environmental safety. The article carries out a theoretical and legal analysis of environmental security, examines the main doctrinal approaches to determining its content and main components. The article also provides the author’s definition of ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories as a component of environmental safety, outlines the purpose and tasks of the specified process. 

The author determined that the key factor in the implementation of effective ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories is the provision of the appropriate amount of funding. In turn, the amount of financing measures for the ecological improvement of radioactively contaminated territories depends on the priorities of the government of each state. In the case of limited financing of measures for the ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories, the state government should develop a comprehensive strategy for the ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories and objects. Provision of financing for the implementation of measures in the field of ecological rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories should be done in such a way as not to transfer the burden to future generations.

Based on the analysis, it was concluded that there is a need to improve the current legislation of Ukraine in terms of the legal regulation of environmental rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated territories, namely, to enshrine at the legislative level the procedure for the formation and use of funds intended for the termination of activities of radioactively contaminated objects, the procedure for involving the public in activities in the field of remediation of radioactively contaminated territories, effective mechanisms of management and assessment of developed projects, since the current legislative framework of Ukraine, which regulates the issue of ecological remediation of radioactively contaminated territories in general, is absent. The norms contained in the laws are of a local nature: they apply only to the territories affected by the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Assessment of hybrid threats and capabilities to counter them in the formation of strategic communications
Authors: Korystin O. , Svyrydiuk N.
Published: July 2023

The article focuses on the development of strategic communications. Emphasis is placed on the objectivity of the formation of a knowledge system in the development of appropriate public policy.

Based on a unique empirical base formed by a survey of the subjects of the public security and civil defense system of Ukraine, the author proposes approaches to assessing the risks of the spread of hybrid threats related to the information environment, assessing the capabilities of the relevant system to reduce these risks, and, based on the analysis of statistical patterns, substantiates proposals for the formation of strategic communications in the defined security sector of Ukraine.

Based on the assessment of the risks of the spread of hybrid threats related to the information environment, the key threats are identified, in particular, stimulation and encouragement of Ukrainian citizens living in the border regions to obtain a second citizenship in violation of the laws of Ukraine (53%); control by the aggressor of content in regions close to hostilities and border areas (51%); creation and support (including financial support) of various political projects aimed at undermining the socio-political situation, discrediting the state leadership, inciting the population to civil disobedience (51%), which directly indicate the aspects and directions of strategic communications development; influence on the minds of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs through targeted discrediting aimed at reducing confidence in the political elite in the country (44%).

It is emphasized that hybrid threats in the form of disinformation are an instrument of hybrid aggression that cannot be prevented by traditional law enforcement measures, and therefore there is a need to form an appropriate system of resilience that depends not on the nature or level of hybrid threats, but on the vulnerability of society and the ability of the national law enforcement system to ensure an adequate level of security.

Based on a linear regression model, the author optimizes the list of capabilities that have the greatest impact on the hybrid threat selected for analysis.
Administrative and legal responsibility of a private notary for corruption or corruption-related offenses
Authors: Ladina L.
Published: July 2023

The article examines the specifics of administrative and legal liability of notaries for corruption and corruption-related offenses. Anti-corruption is one of the important tasks of the state, therefore anti-corruption legislation is reformed quite often, as a result of which gaps and inconsistencies between individual legal acts may arise. A notary public is a person authorized by the state to perform notarial activities. Official duties and status of notaries contribute to increasing the trust of citizens, so private notaries can use their official powers for personal purposes, as a result of which damage may be caused to public values and the state.

The administrative and legal responsibility of notaries for corruption offenses is aimed at preventing the commission of such offenses, educating the notary public and protecting the professional sphere of notaries. The administrative responsibility of a notary is a guarantee and a means of ensuring the rights and legal interests of citizens and legal entities when performing notarial and registration actions.

Based on the analysis of normative legal acts, a discrepancy was found in the aspect of administrative and legal responsibility of notaries for corruption or corruption-related offenses. Thus, private notaries are among subjects who can commit corruption-related offenses, while the legislation on notaries today does not provide for bringing a notary to administrative responsibility.

It was determined that, in this aspect, it is important to increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption in the field of activity of notaries and it is expedient to eliminate the shortcomings in the legislation and implement the electronic form of the state registration procedure. With the help of the implementation of the specified measures, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of the legislation on the administrative and legal responsibility of a private notary for corruption and corruption-related offenses. Further research is possible in the directions of improving the legislation on the administrative and legal responsibility of notaries for corruption and corruption-related crimes.
Actual issues of interaction between water police units and territorial bodies of the State Fisheries Agency during fish protection raids
Authors: Sakhno A. , Kovalenko Ya.
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes current issues of interaction between water police units and territorial bodies of the State Fisheries Agency during fish protection raids. It was established that the interaction of water police units and territorial bodies of the State Fisheries Agency is an important component of the cooperation of these public administration entities. It has been proven that a strong legal basis has been formed for the cooperation of water police units and territorial bodies of the State Fisheries Agency in the field of fish protection raids, which includes both the organizational aspects of the interaction of the above-mentioned subjects and determines their jurisdictional powers in the field of fish protection. Areas of interaction between water police units and territorial bodies of the State Fisheries Agency are highlighted, which include: detection of fishing violations; protection of water resources; implementation of control over the fulfillment of license conditions for carrying out economic activities in the field of fishing; prevention of administrative and criminal offenses in the field of fish protection; emergency response; ensuring control over the import and export of fish and seafood across the state border of Ukraine, etc. It is emphasized that one of the key areas of cooperation between the units of the water police and the territorial bodies of the State Fisheries Agency is the monitoring of compliance with the legislation in the field of fish protection in the form of conducting fish protection raids. The legal regulation in the field of organization and implementation of law enforcement raids was analyzed and the need to improve the current administrative legislation in this field of public administration was substantiated by giving water police units jurisdictional powers in the field of fish protection. The expediency of carrying out a theoretical and legal analysis of the regulatory support of the powers of water police units in the field of fish protection has been determined, with the aim of developing proposals for the preparation of a draft departmental specialized regulatory act aimed at regulating the administrative and legal status of the specified units of the National Police of Ukraine.
State regulation of trade activity in Ukraine in the contex of modern global challenges
Authors: Syrotko M.
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the current state of legal regulation of trade activities in Ukraine and its impact on current global challenges. The topic’s relevance is due to the growing importance of the role of both domestic and international trade and the need to create effective mechanisms of state regulation to ensure the country’s economic development and its integration into the world market.

The study aims to analyze the changes in state regulation of trade in Ukraine caused by global challenges, particularly the war in Ukraine.

To achieve this goal, the research methods used were analyzing regulatory acts and scientific works by scientists, as well as studying statistical data, expert opinions, and reports.

The study results show that Ukraine has made significant progress in implementing state regulation mechanisms, such as tariffs, licenses, quotas, currency controls, trade agreements, and subsidies. Ukraine has undergone significant changes in its foreign trade policy, especially regarding the direction and position of the EU and the refusal to cooperate with Russia and Belarus. Before the outbreak of the full-scale war, most of Ukraine’s trade was carried out by the sea. However, since March, there has been a shift in trade activity toward land transportation. Moreover, the EU has become both a transit and consumer market for Ukraine, which has implications for the structure and volume of the country’s trade.

The article reveals and systematizes the news of the legislative framework related to tariff regulation, licensing, and quotas for trade activities. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of its use for enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity in Ukraine under martial law.
The problem of determining the analyzed composition of article 4351 of the Criminal Code оf Ukraine «insult of honor and dignity of a serviceman, threat to a serviceman»
Authors: Klapouschak D.
Published: July 2023

Within the framework of this publication, the problem of defining the basic composition of the criminal offense provided for in Article 4351 of the Criminal Code, which was added to the code with the beginning of the Russian full-scale invasion, was considered. Criminally punishable under this norm is an insult to honor and dignity, a threat of murder, violence or destruction or damage to the property of a serviceman who carries out measures to ensure national security and defense, repel and deter armed aggression of the Russian Federation, his close relatives or family members. The purpose of the work is to clearly define the composition provided for in Article 4351. to establish liability for offenders in the event of an insult to the honor and dignity of a serviceman or a threat to such a subject, especially in the conditions of martial law. The relevance of the study is due to the need to interpret similar norms. The article elaborates the aspect of the importance of distinguishing and understanding all elements of the composition within the limits of a specifically defined article. Formulations found within the CCU and how their interpretation directly affects Art. 4351 of the Criminal Code. The complexity of the definitions of certain concepts in the disposition of a certain article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is emphasized, which can lead to the incorrect qualification of the actions of individuals and the establishment of wrongful responsibility. The return to the modern criminal legal conceptual apparatus of such a form of the objective side of the composition of a criminal offense as an insult to the honor and dignity of a serviceman, threats of murder, violence, destruction or damage to property is defined. Attention is drawn to the problem of defining the subject and the analysis of the subjective side. The establishment of the main direct and additional object is also emphasized. Attention is paid to the issue of law enforcement of the above-mentioned article in connection with its assignment to two bodies of pre-trial investigation, and proposals are made to change the legislation in this part. Other problems of legal regulation of this norm are identified, which complicate its application in practice.
Forms of domestic violence, mechanisms of protection and legal regulation of its manifestations
Authors: Kovalenko І.
Published: July 2023

The article examines the forms and types of occurrence of domestic violence in Ukraine. As well as legal regulation of manifestations of domestic violence.

Violence is a consequence of inequality between women and men in society. This is supported by a culture of intolerance and denial. Unequal power relations between the sexes make it difficult for women to avoid violence. Discrimination and attitudes towards women make it difficult for them to avoid violent situations. Experienced violence is not always taken seriously by the community and authorities, which increases women's vulnerability to further violence and even murder.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than one third of women in the world have experienced physical or sexual violence, which was carried out by a partner or a stranger. In many countries, the lack of effective measures to prevent and respond to domestic violence, as well as insufficient attention to this problem in society, lead to the fact that many people are left without help and support.

Therefore, the study of the problem of protection against domestic violence is important and will help to understand the mechanisms of this problem, ways to prevent it and fight against it. In addition, the development of effective strategies to protect against domestic violence can ensure the safety and well-being of people affected by this problem. Therefore, it can be argued that the topic "protection from domestic violence" is very relevant and needs further research. The problem of domestic violence is intensifying in connection with the recent events that Ukraine is experiencing. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has worried the state and its population in recent years. Due to the strict quarantine and remote work at home, the home has become the most dangerous place for many women. Many women were forced to spend more time with their abusers. This put women's lives and safety at risk.

Currently, in wartime conditions, domestic violence has not receded. At the beginning of a new period in the history of our country, many people lost their jobs, even working at home became impossible. If during the quarantine, you people were somehow distracted, then in the conditions of war you are left alone with your family. Due to constant stress, many people literally lost their minds and began to behave very badly. It is because of this that domestic violence takes place.

The problem of domestic violence is relevant all over the world. Domestic violence is a gross violation of human rights. Every day it encroaches on the most valuable goods of a person - life and health, honor and dignity. Such a dangerous phenomenon is also known to modern Ukrainian society, which is confirmed by the data of sociological surveys of the population of Ukraine, according to which almost half of the population has experienced its various forms.
Features of the application of temporary access to things and documents in the process of criminal procedural evidence
Authors: Bespalko І.
Published: July 2023

In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 93 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Procedure Code), the prosecution, as a subject of evidence in a judicial investigation, obtains evidence through conducting investigative (detective) actions and covert investigative (detective) actions, requesting and receiving things, documents, information, experts' conclusions, audit conclusions and inspection reports from public authorities, local self-government bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations, officials and individuals, as well as carrying out other procedural actions provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. Other procedural actions that can be ways of obtaining evidentiary information include: filing motions, complaints, statements, objections, as well as separate measures to ensure criminal proceedings, in particular, temporary access to things and documents, temporary seizure of property, seizure of property. In this article, I would like to consider in more detail the specific features of such a procedural action as temporary access to things and documents, provided for in Chapter 15 of the Criminal Procedure Code. A system analysis of the provisions of the given chapter, other norms of the current the Criminal Procedure Code, as well as the application thereof, suggest a conclusion that there is an imperfection in the legislative regulation on the issue of applying temporary access to things and documents in the process of criminal procedural evidence.

The publication comments on a number of norms of the Criminal Procedure Code which establish the specifics of the application of the given measure of ensuring criminal proceedings in the process of criminal procedural evidence during the pre-trial investigation, and proposes approaches to eliminating their shortcomings, based on the analysis of the specifics of the normative regulation of temporary access to things and documents. This issue is evaluated differently by both practitioners and scientists and is actively used during criminal proceedings, which is confirmed by court statistics. Theoretical and practical aspects of the given issue are considered. The article claims that despite the widespread use of the given institute, there is a significant amount of misunderstandings and contradictions between theory and practice. The paper contains critical remarks regarding the procedure of normative regulation and the use of temporary access to things and documents in the process of criminal procedural evidence. The materials of the article are both of theoretical and practical value. They can be used for further scientific research on the specifics of the application of measures to ensure criminal proceedings in the process of criminal procedural evidence, as well as for the proper understanding and implementation of law-enforcement criminal procedural activities.
Reflections on the constitution of part one of article 459 of the criminal procedure code of Ukraine
Authors: Kostiuchenko O.
Published: July 2023

In this publication, in connection with the consideration by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of proceedings on the constitutionality of part one of Article 459 of the CPC of Ukraine, the author's position on this issue is given. A comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of the powers of investigating judges in judicial control over the observance of the rights, freedoms and interests of persons in criminal proceedings makes it possible to conclude that by exercising these powers, the investigating magistrate exercises the constitutional powers of the court, and all his rulings are court decisions. The investigating magistrate acts on behalf of the court as a judge – the bearer of judicial power. The exercise by the investigating judge of the powers of judicial control over the observance of the rights, freedoms and interests of persons in criminal proceedings is an integral element of the implementation of the justice function. Answering the question: "whether part one of Article 459 of CPC directly or in connection with other provisions of the Code prohibits reviewing rulings of investigating judges under newly discovered circumstances", it should be noted that part one of Article 459 of CPC does not contain a direct ban on reviewing rulings of investigating judges under newly discovered circumstances. However, there is no direct indication of the right of appeal and review. In fact, an illegal and unfair decision of the investigating magistrate enters into legal force and must be enforced. Such a situation is unacceptable, since the correction of an erroneous decision of the investigating magistrate in the form of a ruling should take place and be as close as possible in time to its review and correction of the judicial error. Deprivation of the right of access to court in the form of reviewing the ruling of the investigating magistrate under newly discovered circumstances should be considered immeasurable in relation to the goal, which indicates the inconsistency of part one of Article 459 of CPC with part 1 of Article 8 of the Constitution of Ukraine in terms of the principle of legal certainty as a component of the rule of law. And since the right of access to court was restricted in such a disproportionate way, this norm for the same reasons contradicts part two of Article 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine. The possibility of reviewing the rulings of investigating judges under newly discovered circumstances will fully comply with the principle of the rule of law and the basic principles of justice defined by the Constitution of Ukraine.
Criminal sanctions in articles on public appeals to commit criminal offenses against the foundations of national security of Ukraine
Authors: Kryvopuskova К.
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of penal sanctions of criminal law provisions on public calls for committing criminal offences against the foundations of national security of Ukraine (part 2, 3 of article 109, part 1, 2, 3 of article 110, part 1, 5 of article 1111 of the Criminal code of Ukraine). The author identifies the shortcomings of the penal sanctions of these criminal law provisions.

The author classifies the penal sanctions of the articles for public calls to commit criminal offences against the foundations of national security of Ukraine. It is established that the sanctions of the elements of public calls for committing criminal offences against the foundations of national security of Ukraine (except for the sanction provided for in part 1 of article 1111) are cumulative and provide for the possibility of additional punishment in the form of confiscation of property (part 2, 3 of article 109, part 1, 2, 3 of article 110, part 5 of article 1111 of the Criminal сode). At the same time, part 5 of article 1111 of the Criminal сode of Ukraine contains two cumulative penal sanctions (mandatory and optional).

The article analyses the proposals of Ukrainian legal scholars concerning the improvement of penal sanctions under the provisions on public calls for criminal offences against the foundations of national security of Ukraine. In particular, the author provides the arguments which demonstrate the need to provide for imprisonment as the main punishment in part 1 of article 1111 of the Criminal сode of Ukraine. In addition, the author supports the proposal of scholars to provide for deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities as an additional punishment in part 1 of article 1111 of the Criminal сode of Ukraine.

The analysis of the existing sanctioning provisions proves that the legislator uses a non-systematic approach when assessing the public danger of public calls for criminal offences against the foundations of national security of Ukraine. Given the need to strengthen the protection of Ukraine’s national security in the context of Russia’s full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine, the author identifies the ways to improve the system of penal sanctions under criminal law provisions on public calls for criminal offences against the foundations of Ukraine’s national security.
Some problematic issues of ensuring the conclusion of a plea agreement
Authors: Sydiy Ya.
Published: July 2023

In the article, the author examines some problematic issues of tactical and forensic support of one of the compromise procedures provided for in the current Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine - the plea agreement.
The most typical abuses of the procedural right by the prosecution during the conclusion of the specified agreement are considered, when using the presence of certain shortcomings in the regulation of the procedure for concluding a plea agreement (initiations, negotiations, the performance of certain actions, or the provision of certain guarantees by the parties to the agreement, etc.), the prosecutor and the investigator from a certain motivations and interests that do not always correspond to the content of the public interest, use situations that are characterized by an increased risk for the abuse of procedural law, as a result of which the rights, freedoms and interests of the parties or other persons may be grossly violated or limited.
We are considering the situation of concluding such an agreement only in order not to examine all the evidence in court, because the pre-trial investigation made mistakes that cannot be corrected. The "artificial" creation of prejudice occurs when the prosecutor, contrary to the general rules of prejudice, uses a guilty verdict that approved a plea agreement to limit the rights of a person who is not a party to the criminal proceedings. As well as the prosecution's use of the uncertainty of the victim's status and powers in situations provided for in Part 4 of Article 469 of the Criminal Procedure Code, when the victim consents to the conclusion of a plea agreement in proceedings for the commission of particularly serious crimes, etc.
It is substantiated that in addition to improving the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code and eliminating certain deficiencies in the regulation of the procedure for concluding a plea agreement, in forensic methods and recommendations for forensic support of pre-trial investigation and maintaining a public prosecution, it is necessary to provide for typical situations of abuse of procedural law by the prosecution, which can be used in the implementation evidence in court during the initiation and conclusion of a plea agreement.
Correlation between the categories «law» and «morality» in the context of the practice of advocacy
Authors: Zaborovskyy V. , Manzyuk V. , Kopcha І.
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes both the common features and the features that distinguish the categories of «law» and «morality» primarily through the prism of the specifics of the legal status of a lawyer and the lawyer's activity as a whole. The positions of scientists regarding the definition of the relationship between these categories are analyzed. Attention is focused on the fact that most scientists consider such a relationship through the prism of the complementarity of the institutions of law and morality as regulators of social relations.

Within the framework of this article, the relationship between the categories «law» and «morality» was investigated precisely through the prism of the lawyer's professional activity. A conclusion is drawn according to which, in the process of lawyer activity, there is a coincidence (combination) of legal and purely moral aspects (the norms of law and morality are inextricably linked), and such activity by its nature should be perceived precisely through the prism of morality, taking into account the special role of moral principles for the profession of a lawyer (a lawyer should proceed from a deeper understanding of the categories «justice», «justice», «honor», «dignity», «good faith», «responsibility», etc. both in carrying out his professional activities and in everyday life).

Attention is drawn to the fact that a lawyer in any of his activities, including in everyday life, must first of all strictly observe the moral duties imposed on him by his special status (his profession), which, in combination with legal ones, embody his a professional duty, the failure of which entails disciplinary responsibility.

In order to achieve the set goal and reveal the stipulated tasks, the authors used the methods characteristic of legal science, and the research itself was conducted using primarily systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as the dialectical method of learning legal reality.