bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformational study on telaprevir by HPLC–DAD–MS and theoretical calculation
Authors: Sun Xiuying , Jiang Yuan , Ju Xiulian
Published: July 2019

Telaprevir is a potent, selective, peptidomimetic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3‐4A serine protease. it is used for the treatment of HCV infection in combination with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin. In the present work, the E–Z isomerization process of telaprevir in solution was revealed by online HPLC–DAD (diode array detector)–MS, variable‐temperature and variable‐gradient experiments. The molecular geometry information of the two isomers was established by molecular mechanics calculations, and good correlation between the two isomers' UV–vis spectra and their molecular geometry information was also discovered. In addition, it was revealed by molecular docking that the two isomers have different affinities to HCV NS3•4A protease, and the Z isomer, the minor form of telaprevir in solution, is the more effective inhibitor of HCV NS3•4A protease. The investigation can provide more structure information about telaprevir in solution and in the binding process of HCV NS3•4A protease.
Final analysis of a phase I/IIa trial of the folate‐binding protein‐derived E39 peptide vaccine to prevent recurrence in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Brown Tommy A. , Byrd Kevin , Vreeland Timothy J. , Clifton Guy T. , Jackson Doreen O. , Hale Diane F. , Herbert Garth S. , Myers John W. , Greene Julia M. , Berry John S. , Martin Jonathan , Elkas John C. , Conrads Thomas P. , Darcy Kathleen M. , Hamilton Chad A. , Maxwel George L. , Peoples George E.
Published: July 2019

Background

E39, an HLA‐A2‐restricted, immunogenic peptide derived from the folate‐binding protein (FBP), is overexpressed in multiple malignancies. We conducted a phase I/IIa trial of the E39 + GM‐CSF vaccine with booster inoculations of either E39 or E39′ (an attenuated version of E39) to prevent recurrences in disease‐free endometrial and ovarian cancer patients(pts). Here, we present the final 24‐month landmark analysis.

Patients and methods

HLA‐A2 + patients receiving E39 + GM‐CSF were included in the vaccine group (VG), and HLA‐A2‐ pts (or HLA‐A2 + patients refusing vaccine) were followed as the control group (CG). VG group received 6 monthly inoculations as the primary vaccine series (PVS) and were randomized to receive either E39 or E39′ booster inoculations. Demographic, safety, immunologic, and disease‐free survival (DFS) data were collected and evaluated.

Results

Fifty‐one patients were enrolled; 29 in the VG and 22 in the CG. Fourteen patients received <1000 μg and 15 received 1000 μg of E39. There were no clinicopathologic differences between VG and CG or between dose groups. E39 was well tolerated. At the 24 months landmark, DFS was 55.5% (VG) vs 40.0% (CG), P = 0.339. Patients receiving 1000 μg and boosted patients also showed improved DFS (P < 0.03). DFS was improved in the 1000 μg group after treatment of primary disease (90.0% vs CG:42.9%, P = 0.007), but not in recurrent patients. In low‐FBP expressing patients, DFS was 100.0% (1000 μg), 50.0% (<1000 μg), and 25.0% (CG), P = 0.029.

Conclusions

This phase I/IIa trial reveals that E39 + GM‐CSF is safe and may be effective in preventing recurrence in high‐risk ovarian and endometrial cancer when optimally dosed (1000 μg) to FBP low patients being treated for primary disease.
Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: A systematic review of randomized trials
Authors: Egan Grace , Robinson Paula D. , Martinez Juan P. D. , Alexander Sarah , Ammann Roland A. , Dupuis L. Lee , Fisher Brian T. , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Phillips Bob , Cabral Sandra , Tomlinson George , Sung Lillian
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To determine the efficacy and safety of different prophylactic systemic antibiotics in adult and pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and performed searches of Ovid MEDLINE, MEDLINE in‐process and Embase; and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if patients had cancer or were HSCT recipients with anticipated neutropenia, and the intervention was systemic antibacterial prophylaxis. Strategies synthesized included fluoroquinolone vs no antibiotic/nonabsorbable antibiotic; fluoroquinolone vs trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole; trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole vs no antibiotic; and cephalosporin vs. no antibiotic. Fluoroquinolone vs cephalosporin and levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin were compared by network meta‐analysis. Primary outcome was bacteremia.

Results

Of 20 984 citations screened, 113 studies comparing prophylactic antibiotic to control were included. The following were effective in reducing bacteremia: fluoroquinolone vs no antibiotic/nonabsorbable antibiotic (risk ratio (RR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41‐0.76), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole vs no antibiotic (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41‐0.85) and cephalosporin vs no antibiotic (RR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16‐0.58). Fluoroquinolone was not significantly associated with increased Clostridium difficile infection (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.31‐1.24) or invasive fungal disease (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.79‐2.08) but did increase resistance to fluoroquinolone among bacteremia isolates (RR 3.35, 95% CI 1.12 to 10.03). Heterogeneity in fluoroquinolone effect on bacteremia was not explained by evaluated study, population, or methodological factors. Network meta‐analysis revealed no direct comparisons for pre‐specified analyses; superior regimens were not identified.

Conclusions

Fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, and cephalosporin prophylaxis reduced bacteremia. A clinical practice guideline to facilitate prophylactic antibiotic decision‐making is required.
Developing targeted training strategies for exposure therapy
Authors: Kemp Joshua
Published: July 2019

Anxiety disorders are among the most common early mental health problems. If left untreated, anxiety disorders in childhood tend to follow an unremitting pattern that can lead to a number of developmental consequences. There are several treatment options for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, but the approach with the strongest empirical support is exposure‐based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In fact, it is recommended as the front‐line treatment for anxiety disorders (and obsessive‐compulsive disorder) by both the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Clinical Excellence, and its dissemination has been identified as a high health care priority.
Prenatal use of cannabis associated with preterm birth
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

Despite the fact that many women think cannabis is a cure for nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy — and that many states approve medical marijuana for such purposes — such use is associated with an increase in the rate of preterm birth, researchers report in a recently published study.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

the role of citalopram as adjunct to stimulant to improve irritability

draft recommendations for nicotine prevention for children from USPSTF
Genetic and environmental relationships between two kinds of irritability and DMDD proxy
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

Tonic irritability is the persistent anger, grumpiness, and perhaps related depression — irritable mood — that many children have; phasic irritability is characterized by temper outbursts, sometimes violent. Researchers have found that phasic irritability has a slightly more heritable feature than tonic irritability, and is also more stable. They have also found that environment plays a major role in the development of irritability and of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD).
Childhood irritability linked to adolescent depression
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2019

Childhood irritability contributes to adolescent depression, researchers have found. In particular, high rates of irritability in children with autism or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are linked to later depression.
Asylum evaluations: A call to action for mental health professionals
Authors: Walters Anne
Published: July 2019

Immigration policies have been a source of extensive controversy and intense media coverage of late. Within immigration law, one area particularly applicable to mental health professionals is the evaluation of asylum seekers for resettlement in the United States. The basis of current asylum law is found in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, followed by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, all meant to provide safety to individuals fleeing violence and conflict. In the United States, the main difference between refugees and asylum seekers is the location at the time of the application. Refugees are typically outside of the United States, and asylum seekers are physically present in the United States at application. Regardless of category, the process is lengthy and complex.
Mentally disordered offenders discharged from designated hospital facilities under the medical treatment and supervision act in Japan: Reoffending and readmission
Authors: Nagata Takako , Tachimori Hisateru , Nishinaka Hirofumi , Takeda Koji , Matsuda Taro , Hirabayashi Naotsugu
Published: July 2019

Background

Current Japanese forensic mental health legislation (Medical Treatment and Supervision Act [MTSA]) was enacted in 2003. Little is known, however, about the actual outcomes for the offender patients detained within hospitals under this provision.

Aim

This study aimed to quantify reoffending and readmission following patients' discharge from forensic psychiatric hospital units across Japan and explore related risk factors.

Methods

We followed up 526 offenders with mental disorder who had been detained under the MTSA and who were subsequently discharged from any of the 28 hospitals nationwide between 2007 and 2015.

Results

The total cumulative reoffence rate was found to be 2.5% (1.1–3.9%) after 1 year and 7.5% (4.6–10.4%) after 3 years. The rate of serious reoffending was 0.4% (−0.18% to 0.99%) after 1 year and 2.0% (0.4–3.6%) after 3 years. The cumulative admission rate to local psychiatric hospitals following a discharge was 21.8% after 6 months and 37.6% after 1 year. Patients who had been discharged from their MTSA order but transferred to a general psychiatric hospital before open community residence—because it was necessary to build community supports—were more likely to reoffend than those discharged directly to the community. Patients who had been diagnosed with a substance use disorder (F10–F19) and had one subsequent admission were at higher risk of further readmissions.

Conclusions

The low reoffending rates could be attributed to the intensive treatment and care plans required by the MTSA. The high rate of readmission to psychiatric hospitals may indicate shortcomings in community mental health services in Japan.
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Microreactors for Efficient Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline: Mechanisms and Energy Efficiency
Authors: Pu Xin , Zhang Bohao , Su Yuanhai
Published: July 2019

Aniline was synthesized from nitrobenzene through photo‐induced reduction in microreactors under UV irradiation. Nitrobenzene solution and the nanofluid prepared by a TiO2 nanocatalyst, PEG‐400, and deionized water were mixed in a capillary microreactor. The effects of catalyst composition, residence time, and substrate concentration on the reaction performance were systematically investigated. The conversion of nitrobenzene and the yield of aniline reached high values under optimized conditions. The excellent reusability of the photocatalyst was realized for four runs. A mechanism was proposed for this photocatalytic reduction process based on reaction kinetics. Both photo‐induced electrons and •CO2− could reduce nitrobenzene to aniline. The photonic efficiency in the microreactor was still much higher than that obtained in batch reactors, which was mainly attributed to the much larger effective radiation area of the microreactor.
High‐Field MRI Contrast Agents and their Synergy with Optical Imaging: the Evolution from Single Molecule Probes towards Nano‐architectures
Authors: Harris Michael , Biju Silvanose , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: July 2019

Contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging have historically been based on paramagnetic metal complexes, particularly Gd3+ chelates, which tend to lose their contrast enhancement ability with increasing magnetic field strength. Emerging high‐field MRI applications require the development of novel contrast agents that exhibit high relaxation enhancement as a function of magnetic field strength. Paramagnetic ions such as Dy3+, Tb3+ or Ho3+ incorporated into supramolecular or inorganic nano‐architectures represent promising platforms for the development of high field MRI contrast agents. Furthermore, such platforms allow facile inclusion of multiple imaging modalities, therapeutic loading, and targeting vectors. This Minireview examines the application of contrast agents for high‐field MRI, which range from single molecules to nanoparticles. Approaches to create multimodal agents by combining high‐field MRI contrast properties with another imaging modality are also discussed.
Redox‐Guest‐Induced Multimode Photoluminescence Switch for Sequential Logic Gates in a Photoactive Coordination Cage
Authors: Wu Kai , Hou Ya‐Jun , Lu Yu‐Lin , Fan Yan‐Zhong , Fan Ya‐Nan , Yu Hui‐Juan , Li Kang , Pan Mei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: July 2019

Molecular or supramolecular level photoluminescence (PL) modulation combining chemical and photonic input/output signals together in an integrated system can provide potential high‐density data memorizing and process functions intended for miniaturized devices and machines. Herein, a PL‐responsive supramolecular coordination cage has been demonstrated for complex interactions with redox‐active guests. PL signals of the cage can be switched and modulated by adding or retracting Fc derivatives or converting TTF into different oxidation states through chemical or photochemical pathways. As a result, reversible or stepwise PL responses are displayed by these host–guest systems because of the occurrence of photoinduced electron‐transfer (PET) or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FREnT) processes, providing unique nanodevice models bearing off/on logic gates or memristor‐like sequential memory and Boolean operation functions.
Non‐Heme FeII Diastereomeric Complexes Bearing a Hexadentate Ligand: Unexpected Consequences for the Spin State and Catalytic Oxidation Properties
Authors: Sénéchal‐David Katell , Buron Charlotte , Ségaud Nathalie , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Dos Santos Amandine , Farjon Jonathan , Guillot Régis , Herrero Christian , Inceoglu Tanya , Banse Frédéric
Published: July 2019

The reactivity and selectivity of non‐heme FeII complexes as oxidation catalysts can be substantially modified by alteration of the ligand backbone or introduction of various substituents. In comparison with the hexadentate ligand N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (TPEN), N,N′‐bis[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐N,N′‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (2MeL62) has a methyl group on two of the four picolyl positions. FeII complexation by 2MeL62 yields two diastereomeric complexes with very similar structures, which only differ in the axial/equatorial positions occupied by the methylated pyridyl groups. In solution, these two isomers exhibit different magnetic behaviors. Whereas one isomer exhibits temperature‐dependent spin‐state conversion between the S=0 and S=2 states, the other is more reluctant towards this spin‐state equilibrium and is essentially diamagnetic at room temperature. Their catalytic properties for the oxidation of anisole by H2O2 are very different and correlate with their magnetic properties, which reflect their lability/inertness. These different properties most likely depend on the different steric constraints of the methylated pyridyl groups in the two complexes.
On Demand One‐Pot Mild Preparation of Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Hybrid Forms: Advances through the Epoxide Route
Authors: Oestreicher Víctor , Jobbágy Matías
Published: July 2019

Epoxide ring opening driven alkalinization process was explored with the aim of preparing layered double hydroxide (LDH) phases on demand, at room temperature. Employing iodide as nucleophilic agent, the precipitation reaction can be driven under much lower halide concentrations. This scenario favors the selective intercalation of concomitant bulky oxo anions as nitrate or perchlorate in the LDH products, allowing for the one‐pot synthesis of an LDH able to delaminate in formamide. Even large dicarboxylic acids, −O2C‐(CH2)n‐CO2−, with n up to 8, can be quantitively intercalated within the growing LDH phase, providing a versatile one‐pot route for hybrid LDHs as well. Under the mild conditions employed, governed by a continuous pH rise from a starting acid condition, a MII to M*III ratio of 2 prevails, independently from the overall cationic composition. However, after moderate hydrothermal aging LDH phases bearing a cationic ratio higher than 2 could result. The solubility of a given chloride‐containing MII2M*III LDH can be approximated as a linear combination of the solubility of the pure hydroxylated phases of the constitutive cations, M(OH)2 and M*(OH)3.
Comparative Hydrodynamic Analysis of Narrow and Pilot‐Scale Bubble Columns with Internals
Authors: Möller Felix , Kipping Ragna , Schleicher Eckhard , Löschau Martin , Hampel Uwe , Schubert Markus
Published: July 2019

For a stable operation of exothermic processes in bubble column reactors, an appropriate heat control is required, e.g., through dense internal tube bundle heat exchangers. Their impact on hydrodynamic characteristics and scaling approaches is studied for columns of different scales. Two different column dimensions (DN100 and DN400) were equipped with two common tube patterns of triangular and square pitches to study local fluid dynamics. Based on geometrical tube bundle scaling quantities, hydrodynamic similarity as a scale‐up criterion with respect to average holdups, phase distributions, and local gas structures can be reached.
Prediction of pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity in draft tube conical spouted beds using genetic programming approach
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Hossein , Karami Mojtaba , Altzibar Haritz , Olazar Martin
Published: July 2019

The smart method of genetic programming (GP) is used to predict the operating pressure drop (ΔPs) and the minimum spouting velocity ums for conical spouted beds (CSBs) equipped with nonporous draft tubes. Accordingly, six dimensionless variables have been taken as model inputs, including crucial parameters associated with the bed and tube geometric and operating conditions. Two general correlations comprising almost all constitutive and operating variables have been derived for the first time by the GP approach. Both ΔPs and ums values predicted by the GP technique are in a fair agreement with the values corresponding to the experiments, with average absolute relative errors (AARE) of 18.9 and 19.9 %, respectively. The results of the proposed correlations show that the GP method is a powerful tool to make reasonable estimates.
Drosophila ammonium transporter Rh50 is required for integrity of larval muscles and neuromuscular system
Authors: Lecompte Mathilde , Cattaert Daniel , Vincent Alain , Birman Serge , Chérif‐Zahar Baya
Published: July 2019

Rhesus glycoproteins (Rh50) have been shown to be ammonia transporters in many species from bacteria to human. They are involved in various physiological processes including acid excretion and pH regulation. Rh50 proteins can also provide a structural link between the cytoskeleton and the plasma membranes that maintain cellular integrity. Although ammonia plays essential roles in the nervous system, in particular at glutamatergic synapses, a potential role for Rh50 proteins at synapses has not yet been investigated. To better understand the function of these proteins in vivo, we studied the unique Rh50 gene of Drosophila melanogaster, which encodes two isoforms, Rh50A and Rh50BC. We found that Drosophila Rh50A is expressed in larval muscles and enriched in the postsynaptic regions of the glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions. Rh50 inactivation by RNA interference selectively in muscle cells caused muscular atrophy in larval stages and pupal lethality. Interestingly, Rh50‐deficiency in muscles specifically increased glutamate receptor subunit IIA (GluRIIA) level and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Our work therefore highlights a new role for Rh50 proteins in the maintenance of Drosophila muscle architecture and synaptic physiology, which could be conserved in other species.
Intelligent pseudo‐location recommendation for protecting personal location privacy
Authors: Huang Guang‐Li , Deng Ke , Xie Zhijun , He Jing
Published: July 2019

Individuals' right to privacy includes control over access to their location information. With the advent of location‐based services and personal transport services (such as ridesharing), the risk of location privacy breaches is increased greatly. The potential negative effects of location privacy leakages include spam location‐based service flooding, threats to personal safety (such as physical attacks), and intrusion related to access to private places (such as homes and hospitals). Therefore, protecting the privacy of users' real locations is becoming increasingly important. This is often achieved using a pseudo‐location near the real location, but existing pseudo‐location generators, such as NRand and the uniform random method, suffer from statistical inference, which can infer the obfuscation domain to cover the real location. In this paper, we propose an intelligent pseudo‐location recommendation (IPLR) method to reduce the risk of a statistical inference attack. In IPLR, we generate a random substitute of the real location to attract the adversary and thus hide the real location. Then, the pseudo‐location is generated in the neighborhood of the random substitute location following a normal distribution; the random substitute location is changed frequently to confuse attackers. In particular, we define three levels of location privacy, ie, address level, street level, and district level, to evaluate the effectiveness of the IPLR method. Our experimental study using simulation data demonstrates that the proposed IPLR method achieves lower risk of location privacy leakage and higher probabilities of safety in all three levels of location privacy than NRand and the random method. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed IPLR to balance location privacy and service quality.
Dynamic service deployment for budget‐constrained mobile edge computing
Authors: Zhou Jingya , Fan Jianxi , Wang Jin , Jia Juncheng
Published: July 2019

Currently, Mobile edge computing (MEC) is facing a great challenge that is how to make full use of edge resources to provide a seamless support for compute‐intensive latency‐sensitive applications. Prior studies often make a simple assumption that tasks can be executed upon every edge server, but the assumption does not hold in practical scenarios. Because a specific application task often corresponds to a certain service that provides the corresponding running environment, whereas an edge server only has limited resources and cannot offer too many services. How to decide service deployment of so many types of services among multiple edge servers is also a big challenge. To address the challenge, we study dynamic service deployment for latency‐sensitive applications. We first model the long‐term budget‐constrained latency minimization problem as a multi‐slot latency minimization problem based on the Lyapunov framework. By doing this, the hardness of a problem is significantly reduced, since we never require future information to solve the long‐term optimization. Furthermore, we extend our study by joining the task scheduling optimization, where every edge server is fully utilized in an even more efficient collaborative manner. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithms can bring short latency with low cost.
JPEG steganography with particle swarm optimization accelerated by AVX
Authors: Snasel Vaclav , Kromer Pavel , Safarik Jakub , Platos Jan
Published: July 2019

Digital steganography aims at hiding secret messages in digital data transmitted over insecure channels. The JPEG format is prevalent in digital communication, and images are often used as cover objects in digital steganography. Optimization methods can improve the properties of images with embedded secret but introduce additional computational complexity to their processing. AVX instructions available in modern CPUs are, in this work, used to accelerate data parallel operations that are part of image steganography with advanced optimizations.
Predictors of acute outcomes for intensive residential treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Siwiec Stephan G. , Riemann Bradley C. , Lee Han‐Joo
Published: July 2019

For those who suffer with chronic and disruptive obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), who have not been sufficiently helped by outpatient treatments or medications, intensive residential treatment (IRT) is often the next best treatment option. To date, research of the predictors of treatment outcome in IRT for OCD are mixed and sometimes contradictory. Additionally, although comorbidity is common for patients in this setting, the inclusion of comorbidity as a potential predictor of outcome has been mostly lacking in research to date. The current study aimed to address these issues by utilizing optimal indices of treatment outcomes, while incorporating comorbidity into our analyses, in order to identify the predictors of treatment outcomes in the IRT for OCD setting. To this end, we analysed outcome data from 379 patients receiving IRT for OCD at the Rogers Memorial OCD Center between August 2012, and December 2017. Results indicated that the most important predictor of treatment outcome was obsession severity at admission. Specifically, higher obsession severity at admission predicted poorer treatment outcomes at discharge. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research were discussed in the manuscript.
The role of second‐order radial density gradient for helicon power absorption
Authors: Wang Runlong , Chang Lei , Hu Xinyue , Ping Lanlan , Hu Ning , Wu Xianming , Yao Jianyao , Sun Xinfeng , Zhang Tianping
Published: July 2019

To demonstrate the mysterious and still controversial mechanism of high ionization efficiency during helicon discharges, this work focuses particularly on the role of second‐order radial density gradient (SRDG) in helicon power absorption, both analytical and numerical. It was found that the positive or negative sign of SRDG and radial location of vanishing SRDG determine the radial profile of power absorption remarkably. First, by measuring SRDG at two radial locations (near plasma core and edge) where power absorption usually peaks, and varying it as a function of free parameter, we see that: (a) the power absorption from the antenna to plasma increases for positive SRDG and decreases for negative SRDG when viewed in the same x‐coordinate direction of SRDG and (b) the power absorption is maximized near the position where this local SRDG vanishes, consistent with the theory of radially localized helicon mode (B. N. Breizman and A. V. Arefiev, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84:3863, 2000). Second, by choosing the whole radial profiles of typical plasma distribution that have zero‐crossing SRDG, we find that the power absorption redistributes significantly when the location of vanishing SRDG moves radially outwards, and specifically when the radial locations of maximum power absorption and vanishing SRDG move in the same direction near the plasma core but noticeably in the opposite direction near the plasma edge. These findings are very interesting for helicon plasma applications that require certain power distribution or heat flux configuration, for example, material processing, which can be controlled by adjusting the radial profile of SRDG, especially the zero‐crossing SRDG.
A schema matching approach for integrated mobility service
Authors: Hirashima Yoko , Komoda Norihisa , Fujiwara Toru
Published: July 2019

We propose a schema matching method of transport service data in different schema from multiple data sources. Nowadays, open data about transport services are increasing. However, there are some challenges to use them, because they have complicated data structure such as deeply nested objects or linked small objects. And their disparate data structures make data matching more difficult. So, we present a method to make match transport services data by exploiting the data structure, terminology, and domain knowledge. The proposed method gradually adds linked objects to matching target in matching process to find corresponding attributes. Generally, wider matching target space raises false positive rate. So, our proposed method calculates similarity score of attributes taking into account reference relationships between linked objects. We experimentally evaluate the method in real‐world transport service data and confirm that the method can improve the matching accuracy.
The Co‐Assembly of Polyoxometalates and Quantum Dots for Hybrid Core‐Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Jie , Li Mu , Chen Kun , Yin Panchao
Published: July 2019

A co‐assembly protocol of quantum dots (QDs)‐polyoxometalates (POMs) hybrids is developed using Keggin‐type POMs as surface capping ligands. Phase transfer strategy is used to prepare POM‐QDs nanocomposites. These newly developed hybrid materials have been explored for their optical properties and aggregation behavior in solutions. UV/Vis and FT‐IR are used to reveal the optical properties of POM‐QDs. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are applied to characterize the co‐assembled core‐shell structures of POM‐QDs complexes under different reaction conditions. A general trend to be noted is that the average photoluminescence (PL) lifetime of QDs decreases after phase transfer. The lifetime attenuation is caused by the surface property change of newly obtained POM‐QDs complexes, which is resulted from the changed band edge recombination and shallow trap assisted recombination.
Oxygen heterocyclic compound screening in Citrus essential oils by linear retention index approach applied to liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector
Authors: Arigò Adriana , Rigano Francesca , Micalizzi Giuseppe , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi
Published: July 2019

To date, liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) detector is the main technique employed to analyse furocoumarins (FCs) in essential oils. This type of detection may lead to poor performance because of the low sensitivity and selectivity of PDA detection. In this work, the linear retention index (LRI) was used in combination with a UV‐Vis library for the identification of 35 oxygen heterocyclic compounds in Citrus essential oils, making it possible to distinguish compounds with very similar spectra. As opposed to retention time, which can significantly change with the instrument or laboratory used, LRI represents a kind of normalized relative retention time, as independent as possible from operating conditions. From a qualitative point of view, reproducibility results are provided to definitively assess the suitability of such an approach for inter‐laboratory use and for a fully automated process, even when pure and very expensive standard materials are not available, as just the LRI database and the UV‐Vis library are needed. From a quantitative point of view, calibration curves were created in pure solvent and by adding standard compounds to several blank matrices, with the aim of evaluating differences, overcoming matrix effects, achieving the correct limits of quantification, and providing the quantitative profile of real samples. The LRI system is not listed in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC as criteria for the Full Scan UV‐Vis detection; however, its validity and applicability are here investigated and proposed for future applications, in combination with the UV‐Vis library.
Comprehensive odorant analysis for on‐line applications using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS)
Authors: Langford Vaughan S. , Padayachee Diandree , McEwan Murray J. , Barringer Sheryl A.
Published: July 2019

Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) is a direct mass spectrometry technique developed for volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis. In this comprehensive review of the SIFT‐MS flavour literature, its flexibility and utility are evident. SIFT‐MS has found wide application in the analysis of formation and release of odorants in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds – including flavour and sensory optimization during cooking. Dairy products and poultry, red meat, and seafood also comprise a significant number of studies across processing, sensory, and shelf‐life studies. Edible oils, initially investigated for flavour and oxidative status, have recently been very successfully classified according to origin using a combined chemometrics and SIFT‐MS approach. Other recent developments – across different food groups – have been growth in applications to packaging (including meats in modified atmosphere packaging), and correlations of SIFT‐MS data with various types of sensory testing. The continuing growth of food odorant publications indicates that the SIFT‐MS technique has a significant role to play in understanding and managing favourable and unfavourable aroma formation in both academia and industry.
Physicochemical properties of vitreous and floury endosperm flours in maize
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Xu Guanghai
Published: July 2019

Three maize cultivars with different endosperm types (flint, semiflint, and dent maize cultivars) were studied to characterize vitreous endosperm flour properties compared with those of floury endosperm flour from the same maize kernels. Vitreous endosperm flour had higher amylose and protein contents, and lower starch content, higher percentage of large starch granule, bigger mean diameter of starch granule, higher iodine capacity, higher trough viscosity and final viscosity and setback, lower swelling power, lower peak viscosity and breakdown, and higher peak time and pasting temperature than the counterpart floury endosperm flour. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicated typical A‐pattern for starches of vitreous and floury endosperm flours. Floury endosperm flour showed the presence of greater crystallinity and higher enthalpy change (∆Hgel) than vitreous endosperm flour for three cultivars. Retrogradation enthalpy (∆Hret) and retrogradation percentage (R) of vitreous and floury endosperm flours ranged from 6.23 to 7.92 J/g and 52.72% to 73.62%, and from 5.46 to 6.45 J/g and 45.70% to 56.58%, respectively. In conclusion, vitreous and floury endosperm flours had significantly different physicochemical properties. Results of this study provide a foundation for better and valid utilization of different endosperm section during grain processing.
Status on Demonstration of Fuel Cell Based Micro‐CHP Units in Europe
Authors: Nielsen E. R. , Prag C. B. , Bachmann T. M. , Carnicelli F. , Boyd E. , Walker I. , Ruf L. , Stephens A.
Published: July 2019

Micro combined heat and power (micro‐CHP) systems can efficiently provide private homes or small commercial buildings with both heat and electricity. The European industry is ramping up demonstration of fuel cell based micro‐CHP units in the EU projects ene.field and PACE. Systems based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have been demonstrated.

More than 1,000 units have been tested in 10 European countries in the years 2012–2017. In the coming 5 years, additionally 2,500 units will be deployed via the EU funded program PACE. These field trials have been accompanied by analyses of end‐user satisfaction, environmental impact, and costs involved.

The end‐users participating in the field trials had a very positive perception of the fuel cell micro‐CHP technology. The environmental impact of fuel cell micro‐CHP was compared to that of heat pumps and gas condensing boilers in a life cycle assessment (LCA). The micro‐CHP units have a better environmental performance than these competing technologies in all the analyzed use‐cases.

Today, the capital costs of fuel cell based micro‐CHP are significantly higher than that of traditional heating technologies. However, as serial production begins, economies of scale will cause the costs to drop substantially and the micro‐CHP can become economically competitive.
Poverty and suicide risk in older adults: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Choi Jae Woo , Kim Tae Hyun , Shin Jaeyong , Han Euna
Published: July 2019

Objectives

We aimed to identify the impact of poverty on suicide risk in older adults.

Method

The data used in this study was obtained from the National Health Insurance Service‐Senior claims database from 2002 to 2013. A total of 558 147 individuals were followed for up to 12 years. Poverty was assessed from insurance premium levels, and causes of death were analysed by linking individuals' deaths to the data for causes of death from the National Statistics Office in South Korea. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between poverty and suicide deaths after adjustments for possible confounders.

Results

Among 558 147 older adults (aged 60‐119 years), the poverty group had an increased risk of suicide compared with the high‐income group (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22‐1.47), and poverty‐group males had a significantly higher risk of suicide than males in the high‐income group (AHR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33‐1.68). Adults aged 60 to 74 years in the poverty group had a higher risk of suicide than those with a high income in the same age group (AHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.27‐1.57). However, no statistically significant income gradient was found for females or adults aged 75 years or older.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that poverty is a risk factor for death by suicide in older adults. Suicide prevention strategies for older adults should be specifically tailored by income level.
The calendar year fallacy: The danger of reliance on calendar year data in end‐of‐life capacity and financial planning
Authors: Jones Rodney P.
Published: July 2019

Planners, actuaries, and others involved in forecasting capacity and costs must manipulate historical data. Data from calendar/financial year totals have been assumed to be adequate and reliable. This relies on the assumption that year‐to‐year differences do not arise from patterns concealed in the data. While the seasonal cycle is widely recognized, longer term patterns such as disease outbreaks will act to modify annual demand and costs. Monthly data relating to deaths in local government areas in England and Wales are used to demonstrate curious semipermanent bursts of high behavior. There is no seasonal pattern for the start of these events, and the sudden switch to high deaths can occur at any time, even in immediately adjacent areas. Higher deaths and related demand and costs endure for around 12 months before they suddenly revert to the former level where they stay until the next of these curious high events. In England and Wales (and many other countries), a period of unexplained higher deaths, reduced life expectancy, and health care and life insurance costs since 2011 appears to be coming to an end and looks to have arisen from a coincidence of these events at sub‐national level.
Magnetized squeezed flow of time‐dependent Prandtl‐Eyring fluid past a sensor surface
Authors: Shankar Usha , Naduvinamani N. B.
Published: July 2019

The present numerical investigation describes the influence of a transverse magnetic field on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of time‐dependent squeezed flow of Prandtl‐Eyring fluid past a horizontal sensor surface. The current physical problem is modeled based on the considered flow configuration. Also, the present problem is analyzed under the influence of Lorentz forces, to explore the impact of a magnetic field on the flow behaviour. The considered physical problem in the present study gives highly nonlinear coupled time‐dependent, two‐dimensional partial differential equations. The governing flow equations are reduced to the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by imposing the suitable similarity transformations on the laws of motion. Due to the inadequacy in the analytical methods, the present problem is solved by using the Runge‐Kutta fourth order integration scheme with shooting method. The flow and heat transfer behaviour of various control parameters are studied and presented in terms of graphs and tables. From the current investigation it is noticed that, the increasing magnetic parameter enhances the velocity field and diminishes the temperature profile in the flow region. Also, the magnifying permeable velocity parameter decreases the temperature field. The present similarity solutions are found to be in good agreement with previously published results.
Comparison of optically‐derived biomarkers in healthy and brain tumor tissue under one‐ and two‐photon excitation
Authors: Sibai Mira , Mehidine Hussein , Moawad Emile Kaadou , Juchaux Marjorie , Varlet Pascale , Devaux Bertrand , Abi Haidar Darine
Published: July 2019

The surgical outcome of brain tumor resection and needle biopsy is significantly correlated to the patient's prognosis. Brain tumor surgery is limited to resecting the solid portion of the tumor as current intraoperative imaging modalities are incapable of delineating infiltrative regions. For accurate delineation, in situ tissue interrogation at the submicron scale is warranted. Additionally, multimodal detection is required to remediate the genetically and molecularly heterogeneous nature of brain tumors, notably, that of gliomas, meningioma and brain metastasis. Multimodal detection, such as spectrally‐ and temporally‐resolved fluorescence under one‐ and two‐photon excitation, enables characterizing tissue based on several endogenous optical contrasts. In order to assign the optically‐derived parameters to different tissue types, construction of an optical database obtained from biopsied tissue is warranted. This report showcases the different quantitative and semi‐quantitative optical markers that may comprise the tissue discrimination database. These include: the optical index ratio, the optical redox ratio, the relative collagen density, spectrally‐resolved fluorescence lifetime parameters, two‐photon fluorescence imaging and second harmonic generation imaging.
Hybrid nanoreservoirs based on dextran‐capped dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for CD133‐targeted drug delivery
Authors: Zahiri Mahsa , Babaei Maryam , Abnous Khalil , Taghdisi Seyed Mohammad , Ramezani Mohammad , Alibolandi Mona
Published: July 2019

In this study, the chemical features of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) provided the opportunity to design a nanostructure with the capability to intelligently transport the payload to the tumor cells. In this regard, doxorubicin (DOX)‐encapsulated DMSNs was electrostatically surface‐coated with polycarboxylic acid dextran (PCAD) to provide biocompatible dextran‐capped DMSNs (PCAD‐DMSN@DOX) with controlled pH‐dependent drug release. Moreover, a RNA aptamer against a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker, CD133 was covalently attached to the carboxyl groups of DEX to produce a CD133‐PCAD‐DMSN@DOX. Then, the fabricated nanosystem was utilized to efficiently deliver DOX to CD133+ colorectal cancer cells (HT29). The in vitro evaluation in terms of cellular uptake and cytotoxicity demonstrated that the CD133‐PCAD‐DMSN@DOX specifically targets HT29 as a CD133 overexpressed cancer cells confirmed by flow cytometry and 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide assay. The potentially promising intelligent‐targeted platform suggests that targeted dextran‐capped DMSNs may find impressive application in cancer therapy.
Identification of methylation‐driven genes related to prognosis in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Qiujing , Zhu Qingqing , Liu Chengxiang , Nan Xueli , Wang Fuxia , Fang Lihua , Liu Jie , Xie Chao , Fu Shuai , Song Bao
Published: July 2019

With the participation of the existing treatment methods, the prognosis of advanced clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is poor. More evidence indicates the presence of methylation in ccRCC cancer cells, but there is a lack of studies on methylation‐driven genes in ccRCC. We analyzed the open data of ccRCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas database to obtain ccRCC‐related methylation‐driven genes, and then carried out pathway enrichment, survival, and joint survival analyses. More important, we deeply explored the correlation between differential methylation sites and the expression of these driving genes. Finally, we screened 29 methylation‐driven genes via MethylMix, of which six were significantly associated with the survival of ccRCC patients. This study demonstrated that the effect of hypermethylation or hypomethylation on prognosis is different, and the level of methylation of key methylation sites is associated with gene expression. We identified methylation‐driven genes independently predicting prognosis in ccRCC, which offers theoretical support in bioinformatics for the study of methylation in ccRCC and a new perspective for the epigenetic study of ccRCC.
Highly efficient and reversible absorption of SO2 by hydroxyl ammonium ionic liquids at low partial pressure
Authors: Qi Yanfei , Hu Xiude , Liu Yongzhuo , Sun Deshuai , Li Runhao , Zhu Hongtang
Published: July 2019

BLACKGROUND

The control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions is vital for the treatment of flue gases of combustion. The wet flue gas desulfurization process using limestone‐gypsum is now used widely, due to its high efficiency and reliability. However, it has the disadvantages of high cost and production of hazardous by‐products. Ionic liquids are new green organic solvents that can absorb acidic gases selectively. Hydroxyl ammonium ionic liquids with different anions were synthesized by neutralization and used to separate SO2 from simulated flue gas at low partial pressure of SO2.

RESULTS

The absorption capacities of SO2 using ionic liquids were 1.02 mol/mol, 1.19 mol/mol, and 3.34 mol/mol for [TEOA][AC], [TEOA][LA] and [TEOA][CA], respectively, at the SO2 partial pressure of 4 kPa. Viscosity of ionic liquid affected the absorption process. A longer time was required to attain absorption equilibrium in the case of [TEOA][CA]. Low temperatures favoured absorption because the process was exothermic. Water in flue gas accumulated in the ionic liquids, causing a reduction in absorption of SO2. A mixture containing different ionic liquids could decrease the viscosity and achieve optimal absorption capacities. The ionic liquids could be recycled and regenerated by desorption at high temperature. A reduction of ≈2% in absorption capacities was found after four cycles of regeneration. Analysis of the absorption mechanism indicated that nitrogen atoms in the cationic part of ionic liquid molecules were the predominant site for combined chemical and physical absorption processes.

CONCLUSION

Hydroxyl ammonium ionic liquids exhibited excellent potential for absorption of SO2 at low partial pressure by combined chemical and physical absorption processes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry