bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMUNICATIVE SPACE OF THE TRANSBAIKAL REGION AS A FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF THE REGIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Matafonova Yu. , Gordeeva T. ,   Transbaikal State University, Chita
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of informatization, digitalization and complication of the communicative space, the ability of authorities to effectively build communication with the regional community is gaining more and more influence on the functioning of regional political systems. The sustainability of regional political systems is of particular importance within the framework of the federative organization of the territorial space. Based on previous studies, the authors differentiate the factors affecting the sustainability of the regional political system in accordance with the functional role methodology of G. Almond into five main groups: institutional, normative, ideological, cultural and communicative. This article focuses on the communicative factors and their impact on the regional political system sustainability. The object of the research is the sustainability of the regional political system. The subject of the research is the parameters of the communicative space of the Transbaikal Territory and their impact on the regional political system sustainability. The purpose of the article is to establish a verifiable relationship between the parameters of the communicative subsystem and the regional political system sustainability on the case of the Transbaikal Territory. The methodological basis of the research is a set of methodological approaches: structural-functional, systemic, political-communicative approach, interdisciplinary. In this research, the authors proceeded from the fact that the communicative subsystem of the subject of the Federation is a fundamental segment of the public political space for the implementation of the idea of federalism, its structure includes not only communications arising in connection with power relations, but also the entire spectrum of communications within the subject of the Federation. Therefore, the regional community, as a subject of the communicative subsystem, having certain characteristics and possibilities of inclusion in the communicative process, will affect both the functioning of this subsystem and the sustainability of the regional political system as a whole. The main result of the research is the establishment of a statistically significant relationship between the analyzed parameters of the communicative space of the Transbaikal Territory (involvement, competence of the recipient (participant), trust /quality of information) and the regional political system sustainability. The reported study was funded by RFBR and EISR, project number 21-011-31406
POVERTY IN PANDEMIC COVID-19: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS (PART 1. POVERTY AND ITS REASONS IN THE XX-XXI CENTURIES)
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Ivanova M.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problem of pandemic poverty in the context of public policy and international relations. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing number of needy population on the planet in conditions of COVID-19 and the need for policy measures to reduce it. Object of the study: the phenomenon of poverty in the context of the pandemic. Subject of the research: the main political factors influencing the dynamics of poverty in the context of the pandemic. Objective of the study: to identify the potential of public policy and international relations in the fight against poverty in the context of the pandemic. Research objectives: 1) to clarify the categorical apparatus of poverty research, 2) to give a system characteristic of the features of the world community in the XX-XXI centuries, which changed the phenomenon of consumption, 3) to analyze the influence of international relations on the dynamics of poverty during the pandemic, 4) to determine the difficulties and opportunities of Russian state policy aimed at overcoming poverty in the conditions of the pandemic. The study used a systemic approach, formational, stadial-civilizational, anthropological and logical methods. As a result of studies of poverty and the current political situation in the world, scientists defined the concept of poverty, its criteria, presented a classification of its types and causes, as well as ways to combat it. The impact of the pandemic on the growth of poverty was analyzed, the main contradictions in modern international relations were identified. The author's scientific contribution consists in the analysis of the main political factors of influence on the dynamics of poverty in the pandemic. The author's contribution is represented by the following results. If before the middle of the XX century the technical and technological causes of poverty were the determining ones, in the modern society the political causes of poverty dominate. In the conditions of the pandemic, such traditional political factors of negative impact on the dynamics of poverty, as a high level of corruption in the field of management and instability in international relations, distracting a huge part of the budget to the sphere of defense are intensified. This article is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the social analysis of poverty and its causes in the XX-XXI centuries. The second part presents an analysis of the political factors influencing the dynamics of poverty in the pandemic
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF COALS IN PERMAFROST CONDITIONS
Authors:   The Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Chemezov E. , Fedorov K. ,   The Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk
Published: April 2022

Taking into account the prospects for the growth of coal production in the conditions of the North-East, the countries require further development of research to more reliably justify measures to prevent endogenous fires in the permafrost zone, which cause serious economic damage and worsen the environmental situation due to the release of large amounts of toxic gases. The authors have studied the chemical activity and tendency to spontaneous combustion of coals in the permafrost zone. The effect of ambient temperature on the dynamics of oxidative processes in coal accumulations is shown. These studies have identified the main factor in preventing the endogenous fire hazard of coal deposits in the North-East of the country, which consists in maintaining negative or low air temperatures to prevent the intensification of oxidative processes in the coals of the permafrost zone. In laboratory conditions, the influence of physical and chemical factors on the process of spontaneous combustion of frozen coals was studied. Field experiments were carried out on many coal mines in the permafrost area. A system analysis and generalization of domestic and foreign methods of prevention of spontaneous combustion of coals has been carried out. Antipyrogenic compositions have been proposed to reduce the oxidizing ability of coals
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COUNTERACTION TO RELIGIOUS THREATS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Romanova N. , Mladenov, V. ,   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Zhukov А. ,   Transbaikal State University, Chita
Published: April 2022

The artic丨e ana丨yzes the inf丨uence that modern re丨igions have on contemporary Russian reality. The authors argue that in the confessional space of the country there are different types of religious associations, which have a multidirectional impact on society, due to the origins of some in the globalizing culture and others with a long history of development on the territory of Russia. The object of the study is the social security discourse in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is religious threats in the discourse of social security in the Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to show the specifics of the Russian confessional space, in which a battle for confessional influence is taking place that goes beyond secularization and takes a form that actualizes the contradiction between traditional religions as a bastion of social security and non-traditional religions as a threat to the foundations of Russian society. The authors carry out the task of explaining the policy of the authorities of the Russian Federation, who direct the society to organize opposition to the activity of non-traditional religious associations, which is understood as a threat to traditional social foundations. The significance of the article is determined by the recommendation to protect the rights of all believers, including members of non-traditional religious associations, to freely practice their chosen religion. The methodological basis of the study is the historical and systematic approaches used in the analysis of the modern religious impact on the consciousness of believers. The authors have used structural-functional analysis, comparison, problematization, analysis, synthesis as well as a set of philosophical methods, including as a basis the method of structural-functional analysis, supplemented by scientific methods of history, sociology, ethnography, linguistics, and also general scientific methods, such as comparison, conceptualization, problematization, modeling, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, abstraction, ascending from the abstract to the concrete
THE CONCEPT OF FORMING A BREAKTHROUGH INVESTMENT POLICY OF A TRADING COMPANY
Authors:   Transbaikal Institute of Entrepreneurship - Branch of the Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation,Chita, Gorodkova S. , Shalanov N. ,   Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk, Saliy V. ,   Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk
Published: April 2022

n modern conditions, the formation of an optimal investment policy for trading enterprises is an urgent issue. The object of the research was the development of investment processes; the subject of the research is the investment policy of trading enterprises. The research was conducted in order to develop directions for improving the methodological and instrumental support of the investment policy of trading enterprises. The article proposes the formation of a breakthrough investment policy, which consists in investing in elements of resource potential in proportion to their significance as an instrument of optimal management of a trading enterprise. The authors1 research technology was based on the application of methods of system analysis and mathematical modeling. The claimed methodology appears to be an instrument of the optimal level of management decisions in the field of investments. The principle of structuring the subject of the research is chosen as the main methodological principle, which contributes to the identification of measures of a new level of management of commercial enterprises. The authors substantiate an approach to assessing the efficiency of economic activity, taking into account the hierarchical decisions of the investment policy of trading enterprises, which makes it possible to more objectively determine the priority of investment objects based on the structuring of resource potential. In fact, the investment policy is a strategy for the development of the enterprise. An algorithm for the formation of a breakthrough investment policy of an enterprise is presented, including the determination of the weight of signs and blocks, their proportions, the optimal structure of investments, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of investment activities. The methodology of forming a breakthrough investment policy is illustrated by an exact example, the results are systematized and presented by the optimal structure of investments in blocks and elements of resource potential according to the breakthrough investment policy. The calculation of the effectiveness of the implementation of this type of investment policy is given and the necessity of using an approach taking into account the hierarchical decisions of the investment policy of trading enterprises is proved
ABOUT THE ESSENCE OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors:   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Korsun T. , Badmaeva S. ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude
Published: April 2022

n modern conditions, the development of investment entrepreneurship is one of the factors of increasing the competitiveness of entrepreneurial structures, the economy as a whole; therefore, the study of the issue is relevant. The object of the study was the development of innovative entrepreneurship, the subject o^ the study was the innovative activity of entrepreneurial structures. The purpose o^ the study is to identify the essence and characteristics of innovative entrepreneurship. The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence of innovative entrepreneurship. Methodology and methods o^ research. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature devoted to the formation and development of innovative entrepreneurship, analysis of statistical reporting, analysis of national and international surveys and indices. The raw materials approach in the development of the Russian economy has exhausted its possibilities. The continuation of the movement for the development of raw materials industries makes economic sense, due to the growth of the economies of the Asia-Pacific region. The leading direction for ensuring the economic growth of the country at the present stage is the structural reform of the economy in favor of the development of high-tech and innovative industries. The results of the study. The authors have analyzed various theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence and content of the concept of “innovative entrepreneurship”. The assessment of the level of development of innovative business structures in comparison with developed countries is given. The reasons for the lag of domestic innovative business structures from global trends are identified, and reserves and growth potential are identified. The authors have also analyzed the main directions of state support for the development of innovative entrepreneurship. The need for a strategically long-term system of interaction between production, science, education and the state in the field of innovative entrepreneurship is identified and justified. Conclusions. Innovative entrepreneurship is defined as the modern dominant factor of public production, necessary for the transition to a new highly efficient economy
ECONOMIC BASIS FOR FORECASTING THE VOLUME OF BULK CARGO SHIPPING
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, St. Petersburg, Marchenko S.
Published: April 2022

T his article deals with the actual problem of planning and forecasting the development of sea transportation of bulk cargoes; the solution of this problem in the modern conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially significant. The author has created and researched a set of statistical data on the world sea transportation of the three main bulk cargoes, which include iron ore, coal and grain. A linear diagram with areas was formed, which visually characterizes the structure of sea transportation of the main bulk cargoes, as well as positive trends in its change over 37 years. The average annual growth rate of the maritime transportations of the considered cargo types was analyzed. A correlation field for sea transportations of the main bulk cargoes for the last 39 years has been constructed. An econometric model was developed, characterizing a linear relationship between the world volume of sea transportations of basic bulk cargoes and the year of their realization, which can be practically used by domestic shipping companies in planning their future financial results. The purpose of the research. Creation of an economic-mathematical model, which will be the methodological basis for forecasting the global volume of marine transportation of basic bulk cargoes when making management decisions by domestic shipping companies in the development of their bulk fleet. Methods. General scientific methods of system analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical statistics are used in the given research. Results. The economic-mathematical model of forecasting the global volume of sea transportation of iron ore, coal and grain has been developed and used to define a possible value of sea transportation of the main bulk cargoes for 2025, which will increase by 2,4 % compared to 2019
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF FAITH IN THE NEED FOR CHANGE AND A PROACTIVE VISION OF THE FUTURE
Authors:   East-Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Belomestnov V. , Belomestnov I. ,   Rosgranstroy, Moscow
Published: April 2022

T he article is devoted to the basics of the concept of strategic development management based on the belief in the necessity and effectiveness of changes, as well as a preactive vision of the future. The object of the research is the economic system of the state. The subject of the research is organizational-economic and managerial relations in the process of strategic development during the crisis. The purpose of the research is to develop approaches to the implementation of the concept of managed development based on the belief in the necessity and effectiveness of change, as well as a preactive vision of the future. Research objectives are the following; to analyze the directions of strategic changes in the economy and features of the current crisis; to reveal trends and features of the industrial, environmental and energy revolution as key areas of strategic change; to identify the main innovative problems and political risks of targeted development management. The directions of strategic changes in key areas of life are considered. It is shown that these changes are increasingly leading to crises that take on a systemic character. The nature and consequences of today's crisis are determined. The basics of the methodology of proactive management and preactive planning are considered. As examples of managed development based on the belief in the necessity and effectiveness of changes, the trends and features of the industrial, environmental and energy revolution are shown. On the example of the energy sector, the main innovative problems and political risks of targeted development management based on the belief in the need and effectiveness of changes, as well as a preactive vision of the future, are identified. The necessity of using the creative potential, innovative competencies, entrepreneurial and innovative activity of people in the management of strategic transformations is shown. The need for Russia to build a new economic system, to some extent less dependent on external influence, aimed at ensuring economic security, is revealed. It is shown that there is a need for consolidation of interests, a willingness to compromise for the sake of implementing managed development based on the belief in the need and effectiveness of changes, as well as a preactive vision of the future
Virtual Reality in Language Teaching
Authors: Tschanz Nathaly , Baerlocher Bianca
Published: April 2022

Virtual reality (VR), which is based on three fundamental principles, namely immersion, interaction and user involvement, is seen as having great a potential in language learning (Merchant et al. 2014; Chen 2016; Lloyd, Rogerson, and Stead 2018). This paper presents the experience of developing VR sequences in language teaching in the ‹Around the world in 5 days› project. The analysis presented here draws on the sociological perspective of ‹Science and Technology Studies› (STS) to take a critical look at human-machine interaction. Each phase of the project, from the development of lesson planning and VR sequences to user testing and classroom use, was documented and scientifically monitored. The article first gives an overview of approaches to VRLEs in terms of ‹immersion› and ‹presence›, presents the main findings made from theoretical conception to technical implementation.
Effect of Cryptocurrency Trading and Monetary Corrupt Practices on Nigerian Economic Performance
Authors: Fakunmoju Segun Kamoru , Banmore Olawale , Gbadamosi Abiodun , Okunbanjo Olajide Idowu
Published: April 2022

Digital financial trading has brought a new dimension of financial technology transactions to the globe. Cryptocurrency trading is one of the new dimensions. However, cryptocurrency trading is plagued with unlawful and monetary corrupt practices, unregulated foreign currency markets, and unknown party participants. Thus, it creates the unpredicted challenge of instigating fear in the investors’ minds and scaring away economic agents, and in turn, it adversely affects economic activities. The research investigated the effects of cryptocurrency on the performance of the Nigerian economy. The specific objective was to examine the effect of cryptocurrency trading and monetary and monetary corrupt practices on Nigerian economic performance. The research used primary data through 98 copies of the questionnaire. Tobit regression method of analysis was applied to analyze the data. The finding reveals that cryptocurrency and monetary and monetary corrupt practices have a negative but significant effect on Nigerian economic performance with marginal effects of -0,172 and -0,734 with P < 0,05 as the significance level. The research concludes that cryptocurrency and monetary corrupt practices affect Nigerian economic performance. The research recommends that the government, through the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), should regulate and control cryptocurrency trading by using global digital financing system software. The software will monitor and control cryptocurrency trading in Nigeria to enhance cryptocurrency trading to contribute to and increase Nigerian economic activities.
The Intention to Use Blockchain in Indonesia Using Extended Approach Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Saputra Upayana Wiguna Eka , Darma Gede Sri
Published: April 2022

Globalization has quickly transformed the economy and society, marked by the rapid integration of data and information, supply chains, and increasingly huge use of technology. The research aims to analyze the level of intention to use blockchain in Indonesia, especially the My-T Wallet developed by Tokoin using the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. The research modifies the TAM by adding other variables that play an essential role in making decisions about using blockchain. The target population is that the respondents at least know about blockchain developments, in this case, My-T Wallet from Tokoin. The research obtains as many as 103 respondents who fill out the questionnaire through the purposive sampling technique. The data are collected through online surveys and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach with the SmartPLS software. The findings highlight that the perception of the usefulness of the My-T Wallet application is most strongly influenced by public influence. Meanwhile, perceived ease of use is most influenced by the user interface in My-T Wallet. Then, the intention to use My-T Wallet application is strongly influenced by users’ positive behavior. On the other hand, the level of trust of application users must continuously be increased by paying more attention to government regulations and security aspects.
Evaluation of Customer Satisfaction on Indonesian Banking Chatbot Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mulyono Jeffrey Arief , Sfenrianto Sfenrianto
Published: April 2022

The new normal lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic encourages every individual to change their behavior towards digital transformation. A banking chatbot is one of the financial technologies promoted by the banking industry to meet the needs of its customers during the pandemic. However, there is still a gap between the quality of the developed chatbot service and customer expectations. The research is conducted to evaluate the factors that affect customer satisfaction with Indonesian banking chatbot services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data are collected through filling out questionnaires by 222 respondents using the snowball sampling technique. Only 100 respondents are selected and fit into the research criteria consisting of them who domicile in the JABODETABEK area and experience using Indonesian banking chatbot services. The number of respondents used as many as 100 people is also determined based on the ten times rule method and Slovin method. The variables analyzed in the research are system quality, information quality, service quality, trust, perceived value, situational factor, and personal factor. Each variable is observed for its effect on the intention to use and customer satisfaction in using Indonesian banking chatbot services. Then, the obtained data are analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that system quality, service quality, and information systems significantly positively affect customer satisfaction using Indonesian banking chatbot services. Moreover, information quality and personal factor also affect intention to use Indonesian banking chatbot services significantly and positively. The results are expected to recommend the banking industry to develop banking chatbot services to increase customer satisfaction and intention to use banking chatbot services.
Securing Medical Records of COVID-19 Patients Using Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) in Blockchain
Authors: Andi Andi , Juliandy Carles , Robet Robet , Pribadi Octara
Published: April 2022

The rapid and dangerous spread of COVID-19 has forced governments in various countries to provide information on patients’ medical records to the public in the context of prevention. Meanwhile, patients’ medical records are vital and confidential because they contain patients’ privacy. Changing and falsifying a patient’s medical record leads to various dangerous consequences, such as mishandling which results in the patient’s death. From these problems, the research introduces a new model with a combination of blockchain technology and the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to secure the medical records of COVID-19 patients. This model is an improvement from the model and framework proposed by previous researchers. The proposed model consists of two big parts (front and back end). Then, the simulations are carried out to measure and prove the level of security of blockchain technology in securing patient medical records. The research results show that the ECDSA algorithm can protect patients’ medical records from being opened by unauthorized parties. Then, blockchain technology can prevent changes or manipulation of patient medical records because the information recorded on the blockchain network is impossible to change and will be immutable. The research has successfully introduced a new model in securing patient medical records.
Method of moments in the problem of inversion of the Laplace transform and its regularization
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lebedeva Anastasia V. , Ryabov Victor M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2022

Integral equations of the first kind are considered, which belong to the class of ill-posed problems. This also includes the problem of inverting the integral Laplace transform, which is used to solve a wide class of mathematical problems. Integral equations are reduced to illconditioned systems of linear algebraic equations, in which the unknowns are the coefficients of the expansion in a series in the shifted Legendre polynomials of some function that simply expresses in terms of the sought original. This function is found as a solution to a certain finite moment problem in a Hilbert space. To obtain a reliable solution to the system, regularization methods are used. The general strategy is to use the Tikhonov stabilizer or its modifications. A specific type of stabilizer in the regularization method is indicated, focused on a priori low degree of smoothness of the desired original. The results of numerical experiments are presented, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed inversion algorithm.
Modeling vibrational relaxation rate using machine learning methods
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bushmakova Maria А. , Kustova Elena V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study is to develop an efficient algorithm for simulating nonequilibrium gas-dynamic problems using the detailed state-to-state approach for vibrationalchemical kinetics. Optimization of the vibrational relaxation rate computation using machine learning algorithms is discussed. Since traditional calculation methods require a large number of operations, time and memory, it is proposed to predict the relaxation rates instead of explicit calculations. K-nearest neighbour and histogram based gradient boosting algorithms are applied. The algorithms were trained on datasets obtained using two classical models for the rate coefficients: the forced harmonic oscillator model and that of Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld. Trained algorithms were used to solve the problem of spatially homogeneous relaxation of the O2-O mixture. Comparison of accuracy and calculation time by different methods is carried out. It is shown that the proposed algorithms allow one to predict the relaxation rates with good accuracy and to solve approximately the set of governing equations for the fluid-dynamic variables. Thus, we can recommend the use of machine learning methods in nonequilibrium gas dynamics coupled with detailed vibrational-chemical kinetics. The ways of further optimization of the considered methods are discussed.
Equilibria and oscillations in a reversible mechanical system
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Lubimov Daniil N. ,   Novosibirsk State University,   Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lezhnev Evgeny V. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,   Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rudyak Valery Ya. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: April 2022

The method of stochastic molecular modeling, developed by the authors for calculating the transport coefficients of rarefied gas in a free medium, is generalized to describe transport processes in confined conditions. The phase trajectories of the studied molecular system are simulated stochastically, and the simulation of the dynamics of the molecule is split into processes. First, its shift in the configuration space is realized, and then a possible collision with other molecules is played out. The calculation of all observables, in particular, the transport coefficients is carried out by averaging over an ensemble of independent phase trajectories. The interaction of gas molecules with the boundary is described by mirror or mirror-diffuse laws. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by calculating the selfdiffusion coefficient of argon in the nanochannel. The accuracy of modeling is investigated, its dependence on the number of particles and phase trajectories used for averaging. The viscosity of rarefied gases in the nanochannel has been systematically studied. It is shown that it is non-isotropic, and its difference along and across the channel is determined by the interaction of gas molecules with the channel walls. By changing the material of the walls, it is possible to significantly change the viscosity of the gas, and it can be several times greater than in volume, or less. The indicated anisotropy of viscosity is recorded not only in nano-, but also in microchannels.
Numerical modeling of collisions of spheroidal galaxies: Mass loss efficiency by baryon components
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Titov Alexander V. , Khoperskov Alexander V. ,   Volgograd State University
Published: April 2022

The dynamics of the collision of two spheroidal galaxies, each of which consists of stellar and gas components inside a live massive dark halo, is considered in detail based on numerical simulations. Dark matter and stars are collisionless components, so their dynamics is modeled by the system of N body particles, and the gas component is described by the equations of gas dynamics. The calculation of gravitational forces is based on the direct summation method of the gravitational contribution from each particle, which provides the highest possible accuracy. We vary the impact parameter, the initial collision velocity, the masses of the three components for each model of galaxies in order to estimate the relative fractions of the masses that are lost by both galaxies as a result of close interactions, as well as the masses of gas and stars that are exchanged between the two galaxies during the scattering process. Estimating this exchanged mass of gas requires a Lagrangian approach to simulate gas dynamics, and the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method tracks the trajectory of each smoothed particle. There are two regions of parameters that separate the merging of two objects into one (large merging) and the case of scattering, when both gravitating systems move away from each other after interaction. Collisionless components (dark matter + stars) in the interaction of approximately the same galaxies lose their maximum mass at parameters close to the boundary between merging and scattering. If the initial masses of colliding galaxies differ greatly then the lost fraction of mass is large for a low-mass object and small for a massive galaxy. The formation of global shock waves in colliding systems is a key factor determining the efficiency of sweeping gas out of the gravitational potential well. The efficiency of the stellar component transition from one object to another is negligible. Gas exchange can exceed 10 percent of the mass for a certain range of values of the impact parameter and the initial collision velocity.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE JOYCE’S PRINCIPLE OF COLLAGE-EDITING TECHNIQUE IN M. SHISHKIN’S NOVEL “MAIDENHAIR”
Authors: Markov Alexander V. , Myslina Julia N.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the development of Joyce’s collage-editing technique of the collection “Dubliners” in M. Shishkin’s novel “Maidenhair”. The aim of the work is to investigate the rules of the transition of Joyce’s surrealist collage into Shishkin’s collage-editing principle, where a new type of collage, as an intellectual concernment, made it possible to comprehend editing, avant-garde and the destinies of culture in a situation of intercultural communication. The subject of this research is the specificity of Shishkin’s collage-editing technique in its dynamic development. The study required not only a comparatively-comparable method, but also a constant consideration of the general context of the evolution of the terms “collage” and “editing” in the 20th-21st centuries. And the approval of their standard literary significance. The analysis made it possible to reveal Joyce’s technique, that was close to surrealistic collage, in describing the general paralysis of Dublin at the beginning of the 20th century, is reinterpreted by Shishkin into a postmodern collage, where Russian reality was presented as initially non-integral, which had been in a state of paralyzed consciousness for a long time. And only love, according to both authors, serves to overcome such disunity. It turns out that true love on earth is unattainable, therefore, to form a general impression of its loss, Joyce turns to the editing technique that allows various love stories to collide each other, increasing the effect of alienation at the boundaries of their touch. Shishkin, rethinking Joyce’s type of editing into a postmodern editing principle, declares the hope of finding eternal love on earth, equal to vital energy. In the collection “Dubliners” and the novel “Maidenhair”, the theme of death represents a combination of collage and editing techniques at the same time. Where Joyce’s longing for a departed ideal is supplemented by the significance of the birth of something new (organization, idea etc.), but in Joyce’s world, death completes the life cycle of a person; and in Shishkin’s work, the boundaries between life and death have already been fundamentally erased, which allows the heroes, more precisely the stories as their embodiments after their death, to continue their existence.
LOUIS XIV AND THE BANKER BERNARD: A STORY OF A WALK
Authors: Sidorenko Maksim A.
Published: April 2022

Due to the Memoirs of the Duke de Saint-Simon, the walk of Louis XIV in the company of the banker of the royal court, Bernard, in the gardens of Marly on 6 May 1708, has become one of the most popular historical anecdotes about the Great Age and the Sun King. Moreover, not only for the public, but also for many historians. Thus, this seemingly insignificant event during the War of the Spanish Succession frankly escaped the due attention of the scientific community. The purpose of the proposed study is to reconstruct the meeting of the monarch and the financier, to refer to the history of the domain of Marly, to the exclusive place of this royal residence in the court policy of Louis XIV in the second half of his reign. Unfortunately, the main source of such research, Marly Castle itself, has not been preserved. However, numerous written testimonies of contemporaries and a rich iconography of the domain have come down to us — the author relies on these sources in his work. The perspective chosen by the researcher for studying the domain of Marly and its role in the management of the court society by the monarch makes it possible to significantly enrich the historiography of the French royal court of the Old Order. For what purpose did the king, who already had the Palace of Versailles and the Grand Trianon at his disposal, build Marly? Who exactly from the monarch’s entourage had the right to visit this castle during the moments of the royal family’s stay there? In addition, the article touches upon another important and relevant topic — the strategies of the ruler’s behavior and their success in crisis situations, since the fate of France depended on the personal diplomacy of Louis XIV in 1708, a year of serious trials for the kingdom.
SIMULATION MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE OPERATION OF A PARALLEL SERVER WITH FAILURES IN ANYLOGIC
Authors: SENKEVICH Lyudmila B. , SABITOV Marat A.
Published: April 2022

Modern scientific research is increasingly raising issues of the processing of large amounts of data. The widespread use of client-server interaction technology and cloud computing at the moment raises questions about the efficiency of a parallel server, as well as the ability to predict results depending on the degree of load and characteristics of the equipment.
This article simulates a parallel server with failures in the AnyLogic environment, and then performs multidimensional optimization by the weighted sum method. As part of the study, a simulation model of a queuing system with failures was built. It contains a server simulator, terminals, a failure simulator and statistics collection segments. The used parallel server model is abstract and rather generalized and makes it possible to concretize it by introducing additional dependencies and refining characteristics. The experiment with optimal parameters allowed to obtain the following gain in system efficiency indicators: processor load parameter (by memory) — a gain of 7%; processor load parameter (by load factor) — a gain of 8%; probability of terminal downtime — a gain of 5.7%; the failure rate of the main computer — 36 times less than the initial configuration; the number of interrupted programs — 7 less. In addition, it should be noted that the total number of completed requests remained at the same level — 462-465, for the reason that the intensity of the terminals did not vary.
Since the results of replications (“runs”) are unique and the values of the optimized function vary for different replications, the built-in possibility of a variable number of replications (from 5 to 10) with a confidence probability of 95% and an error level of 0.5 was used. The obtained results suggest the possibility of further research of the model and its development in the AnyLogic environment.
The Trend Towards Developing Social Investment
Authors: Galanov V. A. , Galanova A. V.
Published: April 2022

Social investment means investment not only into market economy but in society development. Green color is often used to mark such investment. In social investing both the character of investment project and the method of attaining result are important, the latter does not imply only investment and project profitability. As a result social investment is characterized by lower profit-making capacity. It builds the economic foundation for relatively cheap transition of economy to a new material base in the field of advanced power engineering and in respect to the environment. Social investing is also characterized by morality, therefore it turns into a specific opposition to traditional market investing, which, in spite of low profit-making capacity of social investing, does not motivate saving owners to increase private consumption. The authors show that social investing can be used as a tool of political struggle in today’s world. Under the pretext of obligatory investing into attaining universal human goals industrialized countries try to retain their leading position in the world.
Formulation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Study of Microsponge-
Loaded Gel of Clarithromycin for Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Pahwa Shilpa , Tomar Mohit Kumar , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Gupta Chitra , Maan Preeti , Sethi Vandana Arora
Published: April 2022

Background:

Microsponge drug delivery systems comprise spherical and porous micro-spheres for prolonged topical drug delivery. These systems considerably reduce the undesirable side effects, offering improved patient compliance and reduced dosing frequency.

Objective:

The present study focused on developing topical controlled release preparations of microsponges-loaded gel of clarithromycin to cure bacterial skin infections.

Materials and Methods:

Four batches of microsponges (F1, F2, F3, and F4) of clarithromycin (CLR) containing fixed amounts of clarithromycin (100 mg), dichloromethane (5 ml), polyvinyl al-cohol (5 % w/v) and distilled water (25 ml) with varying polymer concentrations were prepared by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and evaluated for % Production Yield, % drug content, % encapsulation efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and % drug release characteris-tics. The selected microsponge formulation (F3) was incorporated in Carpopol 934 gel for topical application. The prepared gel (CLRMS-F3 Gel) was evaluated for physical characteristics, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and in vitro drug release. Furthermore, the gel formulation was compared with pure clarithromycin gel for antibacterial activity against the gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative strain (E. coli.) using the cup and plate method.

Results and Discussion:

The F3 microsponge formulation exhibited a production yield of 83.75%, drug content (21.5 ± 0.50 %), and encapsulation efficiency of 86.04 ± 2.30%. Their particle size was satisfactory (3.80 ± 0.01 μm), and they were found to be spherical and porous in nature. F3 microsponges released 69.36 ± 1.27% of the drug over a period of 8 hrs and were incorporated into the gel formulations. The gel prepared using F3 microsponges was transparent, homogenous, and exhibited a pH of 6.8 ± 0.02, spreadability of 9.92 ± 0.44 g/cm, and viscosity of 35370.17 ± 493.09 centipoises. The CLRMS-F3 gel released 82.13 ± 0.47% drug in 12 hrs using a zero-order kinetic. The antibacterial activity studies revealed a higher potency against both S. aureus and E. coli of the prepared CLRMS-F3 gel compared to pure CLR gel and azithromycin standard.

Conclusion:

Based on the above study, it may be concluded that microsponges’ gel formulation can be potentially useful in improving topical drug delivery of antibacterial agents and can give better therapeutic efficacy.
The Theory of Planned Behavior to Identify Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Bystanders' Intentions
Authors: Ilmiyah Zenita Habibatul , Andarini Sri , Suharsono Tony
Published: April 2022

The theory of planned behavior states that intention is the best predictor of behavior. The intention to perform a behavior is determined by a person's attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. As volunteers in the health sector, volunteers of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) have been equipped with knowledge and skills regarding the role of an OHCA bystander. Besides, the intentions of PMI volunteers greatly affect a person's tendency to be willing or unwilling to become an OHCA bystander. This study aims to apply the theory of planned behavior in identifying the factors that influence the intentions of PMI volunteers in acting as OHCA bystanders and the dominant factors that affect intentions. This study used an observational research type with a cross-sectional approach. The respondents in this study were 105 PMI volunteer members in Tuban Regency, which were conducted using the purposive sampling technique. In determining the most dominant factor that influenced intention, ordinal logistic regression analysis was used in which it was shown that the variable used in the last modeling analysis stage was the subjective norm (OR= 6.19). Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that subjective norms are the most predictor factor that influences intentions.
The Associations Between Racially/Ethnically Stratified COVID-19 Tweets and COVID-19 Cases and Deaths: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Kar Bandana , Montiel Ishino Francisco Alejandro , Onega Tracy , Williams Faustine
Published: April 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing racial/ethnic health disparities in the United States. Monitoring nationwide Twitter conversations about COVID-19 and race/ethnicity could shed light on the impact of the pandemic on racial/ethnic minorities and help address health disparities.

Objective

This paper aims to examine the association between COVID-19 tweet volume and COVID-19 cases and deaths, stratified by race/ethnicity, in the early onset of the pandemic.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used geotagged COVID-19 tweets from within the United States posted in April 2020 on Twitter to examine the association between tweet volume, COVID-19 surveillance data (total cases and deaths in April), and population size. The studied time frame was limited to April 2020 because April was the earliest month when COVID-19 surveillance data on racial/ethnic groups were collected. Racially/ethnically stratified tweets were extracted using racial/ethnic group–related keywords (Asian, Black, Latino, and White) from COVID-19 tweets. Racially/ethnically stratified tweets, COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 deaths were mapped to reveal their spatial distribution patterns. An ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was applied to each stratified dataset.

Results

The racially/ethnically stratified tweet volume was associated with surveillance data. Specifically, an increase of 1 Asian tweet was correlated with 288 Asian cases (P<.001) and 93.4 Asian deaths (P<.001); an increase of 1 Black tweet was linked to 47.6 Black deaths (P<.001); an increase of 1 Latino tweet was linked to 719 Latino deaths (P<.001); and an increase of 1 White tweet was linked to 60.2 White deaths (P<.001).

Conclusions

Using racially/ethnically stratified Twitter data as a surveillance indicator could inform epidemiologic trends to help estimate future surges of COVID-19 cases and potential future outbreaks of a pandemic among racial/ethnic groups.