bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
9. The Wisdom of Ursula Wise
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: March 2023

In the late 1920s, Susan Isaacs began to give guidance to parents and others, such as nannies or nursery nurses, with responsibility for bringing up children. Her first book for parents, The Nursery Years, which sold well, was published in 1929. In the same year, she began writing a regular column for parents in the magazine, The Nursery World. Her advice was influenced by her psychoanalytic as well as her educational background. Thus, she encouraged parents to consider the possibility of underlying anxieties when looking for the source of behaviour difficulties. She was sympathetic to parents and did not try to minimise the problems they faced.

In contrast, her main competitor in the supply of advice to parents, the behaviourist, John B. Watson, suggested parents based their child -rearing methods purely on reward for appropriate and punishment for undesirable behaviour. Unlike her, Watson took little account of the negative feelings that children experience, their anger, hate and jealousies. Isaacs’s approach was able to give parents greater understanding of their children’s behaviour even if, at times, Watson provided more effective advice on ways of changing behaviour.
10. Teaching the Teachers
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: March 2023

During the 1930s, Susan and Nathan took led active social lives and took full advantage of the cultural opportunities London provided. They played a significant part in the upbringing of Karina, the daughter of Mallie, Nathan’s sister, who was an erratic, temperamental mother. Susan continued to write for teachers and, in 1932, published The Children We Teach, an inspiring book for teachers, encouraging them to give their pupils ample opportunity to appreciate the natural world around them. Her attachment to the ideas of Melanie Klein persisted and were given full rein in her second book, The Social Development of Young Children which was again based on the notes she had made at the Malting House School.

In late 1932, Susan was asked by Sir Percy Nunn, the Director of the London Institute pf Education, if she would consider becoming Head of a new Department of Child Development he was proposing to establish at the Institute. After initial reluctance, on realising she would be able to continue with part-time psychoanalytic practice, Susan agreed to take up the position in 1933. Her main task was the running of an Advanced Course in Child Development. There were two major interruptions to her work, one when she suffered a period of serious illness in mid-1937 and another, shortly afterwards, when she went as part of a group to lecture on educational topics in Australia and New Zealand.
12. Battling for the Minds of Children
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: March 2023

Ernest Jones had arranged for Sigmund Freud, his daughter, Anna and other members of his family to be evacuated from Vienna to London in June 1938. This move led to an exacerbation of the tension between the London and Vienna schools. Melanie Klein was bitterly resentful of the invasion of what she saw as her psychoanalytic territory. There was intense competition for training candidates as well as for patients.

In 1942, Susan Isaacs was deeply involved in bringing about changes in the constitution of the British Psychoanalytic Society to ensure power was no longer concentrated in a small number of the older members, especially Edward Glover. In early 1943, the Society set up a series of important discussions, hereafter known as the Controversial Discussions, on the most main points of disagreement between the Freudians and the Kleinians. The first two meetings were focused on Susan Isaacs’s paper on the nature of ‘phantasy’. These drew on Kleinian theory and were strongly criticised by the Freudian group. It took until 1946 before a compromise was reached allowing a separation of training groups allowing both Kleinians and Freudians a strong degree of autonomy.

By this time, Susan had experienced a recurrence of her breast cancer. Her two-year long terminal illness was marked by much painful suffering. Ten months before she died in October 1948, she was awarded the CBE, a recognition of her major contributions to both education and psychoanalysis.
2. The birth pangs of the Jewish working class
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev
Published: March 2023

Proletarianization was more difficult for Polish Jews than it was for other ethno-religious groups in Poland. Pauperized Christian peasants were hardened by physical labour and inured to subservience. Pauperized Jews, most of them from a background in trade, were less physically and psychologically prepared to become manual workers. Rather than entering factory production in large numbers, pauperized Jews therefore tended to enter artisanal work and cottage industry. However, where Jews became artisans and cottage workers early in the proletarianization process, before competition from peasant stock became intense, they later succeeded in establishing a substantial presence among factory workers. Then, over time, differences between Jewish and non-Jewish workers in their material demands and psychological outlook weakened.
5. A flood of small promissory notes
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev
Published: March 2023

A promissory note is a form of debt incurred in lieu of payment for a good or service. It is a signed commitment by the issuer to pay the provider of the good or service a specified sum on demand or by a certain date. The payment may include interest. Promissory notes may be sold at a discount to a third party. Promissory notes have become a second currency among Jews in the depressed, cash-poor, and unstable Polish economy, where even the slightest economic perturbation prevents the redemption of notes and creates repeated economic crises, including credit freezes and bankruptcies. The situation is exacerbated by the state offering much less credit to businesses run by Jews than to businesses run by non-Jews and regulating trade in a way that harms Jews in particular. Many solid old Jewish businesses have gone under in recent years and been replaced in part by high-risk businesses run by former salesclerks.
7. At night in the old market
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev
Published: March 2023

Up to one-eighth of Poland’s Jewish population barely scratches out a living by setting up stalls in urban markets and selling sundry products, including used clothes and boots, empty bottles, and hot beans. In this most lyrical and moving of Leshchinsky’s essays, he likens the market to a cemetery, the stalls to tombstones, and the impoverished petty merchants to zombies. A visit to the small merchants’ union in Lvov allows Leshchinsky to interview some of the merchants, who plead for miniscule sums of 5 to 25 zloty that might enable them to survive a little longer.
11. The superfluous
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev , Brym Robert , Jany Eli
Published: March 2023

Most Polish Jews are devout. However, even during the High Holy Days the number of suicides among Polish Jews is frighteningly high. This is the case even among those who are deeply embedded in family life. The main source of their despair is that hundreds of thousands of them are economically superfluous. The Jewish daily press recounts the particular circumstances that have led a growing number of Jews to take their own lives. The red thread running through all these accounts is that the victims’ businesses failed, they were unable find work, they could no longer support their families, their prospects had been dashed, and they no longer had hope. Their only means of “protest” was to commit suicide.
12. Emigration tragedies
Authors: Leshchinsky Yankev
Published: March 2023

It is incalculably more difficult for Jews to emigrate from Poland than it was before the First World War. Difficulties exist both in Poland and in potential receiving countries in North and South America, Western Europe, and Asia. The gates of receiving countries are practically shut, and obtaining information, visas, and money transfers from relatives abroad is an extraordinarily complicated bureaucratic process. HIAS, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, helps enormously with these difficulties but it can only do so much under the circumstances.
Introduction
Authors: Brym Robert
Published: March 2023

Yankev Leshchinsky was born near Kiev in 1876. He received a traditional Jewish education, left for Odessa where he completed Russian gymnasium, and studied for a time at the University of Bern in Switzerland. In 1903 he became active in the fledgling Labour Zionist movement, vacillating between labour Zionism and diasporism for the rest of his life. Leshchinsky became head of the Berlin office of the New York Jewish daily Forverts in 1921 and head of the Economics and Statistics section of Vilna’s Jewish Scientific Institute (YIVO) in 1925. He remained quite optimistic about the prospects for the Jewish community in Poland until 1932-33. In those years, the mounting popularity of the antisemitic political right, boycotts of Jewish businesses, a campaign to ban Jews from universities, the near exclusion of Jews from government employment, and increasingly numerous violent attacks on Jews caused Leshchinsky to develop a more realistic and pessimistic assessment of the future of Polish Jewry, evident in the following essays.
An Energy Budget Framework to Understand Mechanisms of Land–Ocean Warming Contrast Induced by Increasing Greenhouse Gases. Part II: Transient Climate State
Authors: Toda Masaki , Yoshimori Masakazu , Watanabe Masahiro
Published: March 2023

We investigate the land–ocean warming contrast mechanisms, ϕ, defined as the land-mean surface air temperature (SAT) change divided by the ocean-mean SAT change, in a transient climate response (TCR) obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) 1% per year CO2 increase experiments (1pctCO2). The energy budget framework devised in Part I is applied to 15 CMIP6 1pctCO2 simulations, and the climate response in year 140 when the CO2 concentration was quadrupled was compared with a near-equilibrium climate response (NEQ), defined as the last 30-yr mean in the abrupt CO2 quadrupling (abrupt4×CO2) experiments. It is shown that ϕ is larger in TCR than in NEQ by approximately 4%, although the difference is not statistically significant. In TCR, effective radiative forcing is large over land compared to the ocean, and this is the main contributor to ϕ as in NEQ. The time evolution of ϕ in 1pctCO2 can be reconstructed by means of the fast and slow components of climate response in abrupt4×CO2, indicating that the essential mechanism for the land–ocean warming contrast shown in Part I applies to TCR. Furthermore, our analyses reveal a compensation between land-to-ocean atmospheric energy transport that decreases ϕ and ocean heat uptake that increases ϕ. Regardless of the time scale of the response, these two processes are linked by the change in atmospheric circulation, leading to the small combined effect. As a result, the multimodel mean ϕ in 1pctCO2 is roughly time invariant at approximately 1.5 despite the continuous increase in CO2.

Significance Statement

The land–ocean warming contrast, which indicates large land surface warming compared to ocean surface warming in response to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, is a striking feature of human-induced global warming. This study focuses on temporal changes in the magnitude of the land–ocean warming contrast in transient climate change simulations and shows that the magnitude of the land–ocean warming contrast is nearly constant over time, maintaining a ratio of approximately 1.5, between land and ocean surface warming. This small temporal change is explained mainly by a compensation between land-to-ocean energy transport and ocean heat uptake, because both act in opposite directions to the land–ocean warming contrast.
Comparative Performance of Radar, Laser, and Waverider Buoy Measurements of Ocean Waves. Part I: Frequency Domain Analysis
Authors: Jangir Pramod Kumar , Ewans Kevin C. , Young Ian R.
Published: March 2023

Accurate ocean wave measurements are needed for the safe design and operation of offshore facilities, but despite many ocean wave measurements, the accuracy of wave measurement systems remains an ongoing issue. Of paramount importance are measurements during extreme sea states. This paper examines wave measurements made with an Optech Laser (Laser), a Rosemount WaveRadar (Radar), and a Datawell Waverider buoy at North Rankin A (NRA) platform, Australia; Ekofisk, North Sea; and several South China Sea locations. We evaluate the relative performance of these instruments based upon various frequency domain comparisons, including comparisons of their 1D frequency spectra using spectrograms, spectral moments, high-frequency tail slopes, and significant wave heights derived from their wave spectra. A spectral relationship (transfer function) in terms of mean spectral ratio of the instruments is developed, which can be used for spectral calibration. On average, Laser and Waverider spectral estimates agree well at all sea states. However, at low wind speeds, the higher-frequency spectral levels of the Laser are relatively high and noisy compared with the other two instruments. Radar higher-frequency spectral estimates are relatively low compared to the other two instruments, particularly at lower sea states. In addition, the higher-frequency tail slopes of all three instruments vary between f−4 and f−5. However, at higher sea states, the Waverider tail slopes become steeper than f−5. The Radar produces the lowest significant wave heights (Hm0) compared to the Laser and Waverider, but its second-moment period (Tm02) estimates are longer than the Laser and Waverider.
Zooming Versus Slacking: Videoconferencing, Instant Messaging, and Work-from-Home Intentions in the Early Pandemic
Authors: Schulz Jeremy , Wiborg Øyvind , Robinson Laura
Published: March 2023

This article explores key determinants of the intention to work from home (WFH) among U.S. adults in the early phase of the pandemic. Leveraging nationally representative survey data collected in the initial stages of the pandemic, it explores the role of modalities of communication alongside the more frequently studied behavioral, occupational, and sociodemographic factors in shaping WFH intentions as reported by survey respondents. Venturing beyond prior studies of remote work and remote work intentions, the study finds that the frequency of text messaging platform (e.g., Slack) usage and the frequency of videoconferencing (e.g., Zoom) exhibit diametrically opposed effects on the intentions to WFH in the future. Whereas a higher frequency of text messaging platform usage is linked to a preference for a preference for more frequent WFH in a hypothetical future WFH, a higher frequency of videoconferencing platform usage is associated with the opposite preference. Additionally, the effect of the intensity of respondents’ engagement with these two communication modalities on their intentions is mediated by pre-pandemic WFH experience as well as the intensity of interruptions in their WFH environment. Intensive videoconferencers (Zoomers) who work in high-interruption environments are particularly averse to future WFH. Conversely, intensive messagers (Slackers) who work from home substantially prior to the pandemic report express a preference for more frequent WFH in the future.
The Intersection of Race and Rurality and its Effect on Colorectal Cancer Survival
Authors: Tobin Edward Charles , Nolan Nicholas , Thompson Stephanie , Elmore Michael , Richmond Bryan Kelly
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Outcomes in colorectal cancer treatment are historically worse in Black people and residents of rural areas. Purported reasons include factors such as systemic racism, poverty, lack of access to care, and social determinants of health. We sought to determine whether outcomes worsened when race and rural residence intersected.

Methods

The National Cancer Database was queried for individuals with stage II–III colorectal cancer (2004-2018). To examine the intersectionality of race/rurality on outcomes, race (Black/White) and rurality (based on county) were combined into a single variable. Main outcome of interest was 5-year survival. Cox hazard regression analysis was performed to determine variables independently associating with survival. Control variables included age at diagnosis, sex, race, Charlson-Deyo score, insurance status, stage, and facility type.

Results

Of 463 948 patients, 5717 were Black-Rural, 50 742 were Black-Urban, 72 241 were White-Rural, and 33 5271 were White-Urban. Five-year mortality rate was 31.6%. Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated race-rurality was associated with overall survival ( P < .001), with White-Urban having the greatest mean survival length (47.9 months) and Black-Rural with the lowest (46.7 months). Multivariable analysis found that Black-Rural (1.26, 95% confidence interval [1.20-1.32]), Black-Urban (1.16, [1.16-1.18]), and White-Rural (HR: 1.05; (1.04-1.07) had increased mortality when compared to White-Urban individuals ( P < .001).

Conclusion

Although White-Rural individuals fared worse than White-Urban, Black individuals fared worst of all, with the poorest outcomes observed in Black individuals in rural areas. This suggests that both Black race and rurality negatively affect survival, and act synergistically to further worsen outcomes.
Utility of Cell Saver in Trauma Compared to Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Couch Brandon R. , Kim Eunjee , Shrestha Kripa , Dhanasekara Chathurika S. , Sabu-Kurian Anna , Dissanaike Sharmila D.
Published: March 2023

While reperfusion of autologous blood using the Cellsaver (CS) device is routine in cardiothoracic surgery, there is a paucity of evidence-based literature regarding its use in trauma. Utility of CS was compared in these two distinct populations at a Level 1 trauma center from 2017 to 2022. CS was successfully used in 97% and 74% of cardiac and trauma cases, respectively. The proportion of blood requirements provided by CS, compared to allogenic transfusion, was also significantly higher in cardiac surgery. However, there was still net benefit for CS in trauma surgery, with median salvaged transfusion volume of one unit, in both general & orthopedic trauma. Therefore, in centers where the cost of setting up CS, both in terms of equipment and personnel, is less than the cost of one unit of blood from blood bank, use of CS in trauma operations should be considered.
Patient and Family Mistreatment of Residents in the Surgical Learning Environment
Authors: Grover Amelia , Santen Sally , Hemphill Robin , Goldberg Stephanie , Savage Nastassia
Published: March 2023

Objective

Identify the frequency and types of mistreatment experienced by residents from patients and their families (P&F) and determine whether the types and frequency varied based on resident gender.

Design

An anonymous survey was distributed to residents to assess the types of P&F mistreatment toward residents and the association with resident gender.

Setting

The survey was distributed to the general surgery and urology programs at a large academic medical center in the mid-Atlantic. Participants: 23 of 53 residents (43% response rate) participated in the anonymous survey. Residents: 15 male residents (65%), 8 female residents (35%). Results: 12 of 23 responding residents (52%) indicated they experienced at least one form of mistreatment from P&F. Women were more likely to experience mistreatment (88% vs. 33%), with verbal assault was the most frequent (50% for female residents, 33% for male residents). Patients were more often the source than families (52% vs. 41%); verbal assault or threats of physical harm were the most common (50% for female residents, 33% for male residents).

Conclusions

Residents experience mistreatment from multiple sources. This paper provides insight into the experiences of surgical residents with mistreatment from their P&F, with differences in frequency of behaviors dependent upon the perpetrator group and resident gender. Patients and their family mistreatments are likely underreported and may be more difficult to prevent. It is important to identify mitigation strategies and ensure resources are available for those residents experiencing mistreatment. A strong culture against mistreatment and providing specific resources may minimize the experience and negative effects of mistreatment.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Outcome of Different Treatments for Innominate Artery Stenosis or Occlusion
Authors: Catasta Alexandra , Bianchini Massoni Claudio , Perini Paolo , Carli Anna Giulia , Freyrie Antonio
Published: March 2023

The present study reported the outcomes of different treatments for innominate artery (IA) atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion. We performed a systematic review of the literature (4 database searched; last search February 2022), including articles with ≥5 patients. We performed meta-analyses of proportions for different postoperative outcomes. Fourteen studies were included (656 patients; 396 underwent surgery, 260 endovascular procedures). IA lesions were asymptomatic in 9.6% (95% CI 4.6–14.6). Overall estimated technical success (TS) rate was 91.7% (95% CI 86.9–96.4); weighted TS rate was 86.8% (95% CI 75–98.6) in the surgical group (SG), 97.1% (95% CI 94.6–99.7) in the endovascular group (EG). Postoperative stroke in SG was 2.5% (95% CI 1–4.1) and 2.1% in EG (95% CI .3–3.8). Overall, 30-day occlusion was estimated .9% (95% CI 0–1.8) in SG and .7% (95% CI 0-1.7) in EG. Thirty-day mortality was 3.4% (95% CI .9–5.8) in SG and .7% (95% CI 0–1.7) in EG. Estimated mean follow-up after intervention was 65.5 months (95% CI 45.5–85.5) in SG and 22.4 months (95% CI 14.72–30.16) in EG. During follow-up, restenosis in SG were 2.8% (95% CI .5–5.1) and 16.6% (95% CI 5– 28.1) in EG. In conclusion, the endovascular approach seems to offer good short to mid-term outcomes, but with a higher rate of restenosis during follow-up.
Unmet Needs and Receipt of Supportive Care Services in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Prior to Oncologic Treatment: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Prestwood Courtney A. , Emmett Thomas R. , Eary Rebecca L. , Salley Jordan R. , Cerda Vanessa , Mayfield Arnold Elizabeth , Lee Simon Craddock , Tiro Jasmin A.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To characterize the supportive care (SC) needs and receipt of SC services among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients prior to oncologic treatment and to explore the influence of social determinants of health on these outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Newly diagnosed HNC patients were surveyed via telephone prior to oncologic treatment between 10/2019 and 1/2021 using a prospective, cross-sectional, bi-institutional, pilot study design. The primary study outcome was unmet SC needs (Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form34 [SCNS-SF34]). Hospital type (university- vs county safety-net) was explored as an exposure. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA16 (College Station, TX).

Results:

Among 158 potentially eligible patients, 129 were successfully contacted, 78 met the study criteria, and 50 completed the survey. The mean age was 61, 58% exhibited clinical stage III-IV disease, and 68% and 32% were treated at the university and county safety-net hospital, respectively. Patients were surveyed a median of 20 days after their first oncology visit and 17 days prior to initiation of oncology treatment. They had a median of 24 total needs (11 were met and 13 were unmet) and preferred to see a median of 4 SC services but received care from none. County safety-net patients had comparatively more unmet needs than university patients (14.5 vs 11.5, P = .04).

Conclusion:

Pretreatment HNC patients at a bi-institutional academic medical center report a high number of unmet SC needs with corollary poor receipt of available SC services. Novel interventions to address this significant gap in care are needed.
Literacy Intervention in Secondary Schools Exploring Educators’ Beliefs and Practices about Supporting Adolescents’ Literacy Learning
Authors: Lupo Sarah M. , Frankel Katherine K. , Lewis Mark A. , Wilson Ali M.
Published: March 2023

There is a need to better understand the complex landscape of adolescent literacy intervention as a shared responsibility across all educational stakeholders. To address this need, we examined the self-reported literacy beliefs and practices about secondary readers and literacy intervention among a group of educators (including administrators, teachers, and specialists) who participated in a year-long professional learning series focused on providing adolescents with rich and responsive literacy learning opportunities. We found that educators’ beliefs and practices shifted as they developed shared understandings of asset-based mindsets and ways of supporting students’ situated literacy learning and comprehension within disciplinary contexts. We offer suggestions for how to create shared learning opportunities for educators across roles and discuss implications for future research.
Enduring Problems, Rethinking Process, Fulfilling Promises: Reflections on the Continuing Shortage of Teachers of Color
Authors: Goodwin A. Lin
Published: March 2023

Thirty years ago, “Problems, process, and promise: Reflections on a collaborative approach to the solution of the minority teacher shortage” (Goodwin, 1991) offered a perspective on an approach to the minority teacher shortage. That piece represented the start of the author’s life-long work on teacher preparation, with a particular focus on the recruitment and retention of teachers of color in response to growing numbers of students of color juxtaposed against a predominantly white teaching force. Now, several decades later, this article is her opportunity to reflect on those early thoughts, framed by the question: What progress have we made (or not) as a profession, and a society, in addressing this imperative? In pondering this question, this piece returns to the focus of the original article to think anew about problems, process, and promise as conceptual lenses for assessing how far we have come and where we now need to go.
Perceived Government Transparency and COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs: The Mediating Role of Conspiracy Mentality
Authors: Besta Tomasz , Nęcka Julia , Jaśkiewicz Michał
Published: March 2023

As transparency is believed to be a key factor linked to trust in the government, we explore the link between the perceived lack of transparency and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. Two studies were conducted ( N1 = 264 and N2 = 113) using both correlational (Study 1) and experimental (Study 2) designs. The results show a positive relationship between the perception of a lack of transparencies in the context of pandemic policies (Study 1), general lack of transparency in the decision-making process (Study 2), and belief in conspiracy theories about the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and vaccines’ related fake news. This effect was mediated by a general conspiracy mentality. That is, people who evaluated policies as non-transparent presented a higher conspiracy mentality, and this, in turn, was related to belief in specific COVID-19 conspiracy theories.
Characterizing Organizational Health Equity Capacity Assessments for Public Health Organizations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Marcus Rachel , Monga Nakra Nidhi , Pollack Porter Keshia M.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Organizational health equity capacity assessments (OCAs) provide a valuable starting point to understand and strengthen an organization’s readiness and capacity for health equity. We conducted a scoping review to identify and characterize existing OCAs.

Methods:

We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and practitioner websites to identify peer-reviewed and gray literature articles and tools that measure or assess health equity–related capacity in public health organizations. Seventeen OCAs met the inclusion criteria. We organized primary OCA characteristics and implementation evidence and described them thematically according to key categories.

Results:

All identified OCAs assessed organizational readiness or capacity for health equity, and many aimed to guide health equity capacity development. The OCAs differed in regard to thematic focus, structure, and intended audience. Implementation evidence was limited.

Conclusions:

By providing a synthesis of OCAs, these findings can assist public health organizations in selecting and implementing OCAs to assess, strengthen, and monitor their internal organizational capacity for health equity. This synthesis also fills a knowledge gap for those who may be considering developing similar tools in the future.
Prior Emergency Medical Services Utilization Among People Who Had an Accidental Opioid-Involved Fatal Drug Overdose—Rhode Island, 2018-2020
Authors: Duan Kailai , Chambers Laura C. , Basta Melissa , Scagos Rachel P. , Roberts-Santana Carolina , Hallowell Benjamin D.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To help understand whether decreased emergency medical services (EMS) utilization due to the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to increased accidental fatal drug overdoses, we characterized recent EMS utilization history among people who had an accidental opioid-involved fatal drug overdose in Rhode Island.

Methods:

We identified accidental opioid-involved fatal drug overdoses among Rhode Island residents that occurred from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2020. We linked decedents by name and date of birth to the Rhode Island EMS Information System to obtain EMS utilization history.

Results:

Among 763 people who had an accidental opioid-involved fatal overdose, 51% had any EMS run and 16% had any opioid overdose–related EMS run in the 2 years before death. Non-Hispanic White decedents were significantly more likely than decedents of other races and ethnicities to have any EMS run ( P < .001) and any opioid overdose–related EMS run ( P = .05) in the 2 years before death. Despite a 31% increase in fatal overdoses from 2019 through 2020, corresponding with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, EMS utilization in the prior 2 years, prior 180 days, or prior 90 days did not vary by time frame of death.

Conclusion:

In Rhode Island, decreased EMS utilization because of the COVID-19 pandemic was not a driving force behind the increase in overdose fatalities observed in 2020. However, with half of people who had an accidental opioid-involved fatal drug overdose having an EMS run in the 2 years before death, emergency care is a potential opportunity to link people to health care and social services.
Collaborative Materials Design: How a School Teacher, a University Researcher, and a Professional Textbook Writer Interact
Authors: Xu Hao , Ren Wei , Yu Shulin
Published: March 2023

This paper reports on a study that examines how a school teacher, a university researcher, and a professional textbook writer interact when they collaborate in designing materials for English language teaching. Data were collected from interviews with the participants and audio recordings of their interaction in collaborative design supplemented with drafts of the designed materials. The findings showed that the three participants placed different emphases on the design of the teaching materials due to their individual principles, values, and approaches towards English language learning and teaching and materials design. Their values and beliefs were found to inform their practices in collaborative materials design and thus influenced the processes of interaction and negotiation. The study contributes to our understanding of the personalized and diversified principles and beliefs of the stakeholders regarding the development of teaching materials, and suggests that textbook writers and their publishers need to pay more heed to the parties for whom they are producing their materials.
Fluorophores-rich natural powder from selected medicinal plants for detection latent fingerprints and cyanide
Authors: Nugroho David , Chanthai Saksit , Oh Won-Chun , Benchawattananon Rachadaporn
Published: March 2023

Forensic science is currently fast-growing for the development detection of the latent fingerprint. Currently, chemical dust quickly enters the body through touch or inhalation and will be affected by the user. In this research, a study on the comparison of natural powder from four species of medicinal plants ( Zingiber montanum, Solanum Indicum L., Rhinacanthus nasutus, and Euphorbia tirucall) for the detection of latent fingerprints is carried out that has fewer adverse effects on the user's body by using such natural substances instead. In addition, the fluorescence properties of the dust have been found in some natural powder for sample detection and appear on multi-colored surfaces to show that the latent fingerprints are more pronounced than ordinary dust. In this study, medicinal plants have also been applied to detect cyanide, as it has been known that it is hazardous for humans and can be used as a poisonous compound to kill someone. The characteristics of each powder have also been analyzed using naked-eye detection under UV light, Fluorescence spectrophotometer, FIB-SEM, and FTIR. All the powder obtained can then be used for high potential detection of latent fingerprints on the non-porous surface with their specific characteristics and trace amounts of cyanide using turn-on-off fluorescent sensing method.
Between needs, goods and services: Ukrainian immigrants on the Polish religious market
Authors: Trzeszczyńska Patrycja , Pędziwiatr Konrad , Wiktor-Mach Dobrosława
Published: March 2023

This article seeks to address the intersection of migration and religion/religious affiliation of migrants in Central Europe. Increase in immigration from Ukraine to Poland observed since around 2015 has been challenging and remodeling religious relations in the relatively homogeneous country. Drawing on the qualitative research conducted in 2020 in Krakow, one of the key Polish destinations for the migrants, this article explores the strategies and choices of immigrants in relation to the religious market, and consequences of their decisions. Our research, embedded in the theoretical perspective of the economics of religion, shows the fluidity of religiosity in migration processes as well as inconsistencies in religious affiliations in the context of migration. We propose a concept of non-religious incentive for participation/church affiliation and argue that identified inconsistencies stem largely from the non-religious motivations related to the attractiveness of the goods and services offered by some religious communities.
How do Different Types of User-Generated Content Attract Travelers? Taking Story and Review on Airbnb as the Example
Authors: Li Sihan , Li Yongli , Liu Chao , Fan Ningyuan
Published: March 2023

User-generated content (UGC) has been validated as an important factor in travel decisions. However, it is still unclear whether different types of UGC function differently. Social cognitive theory was applied to investigate the different effects of two types of UGC, Story and Review on Airbnb, on attracting travelers through 2,271 accommodations in Beijing from December 2018 to September 2019 via the spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that, first, Story plays a positive direct role on reservation, implying that Story works as a push factor in attracting newcoming travelers to visit story-related accommodations; second, Review works as a pull factor by attracting extant travelers who have investigated nearby accommodations, based on the negative spatial spillover effect; and third, Review works as a moderating factor between Story and reservation. This research extends social cognitive theory to analyze different types of UGC functions in travel decisions.
The Tourism Demarketing Mix: Working to Reduce Revisits to Egyptian Nature Reserves
Authors: Elsetouhi Ahmed M. , Elshourbagi Mohamed E. , Hammad Ahmed A. , Elnazer Alaa A.
Published: March 2023

This study tests the impact of the tourism demarketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) on tourists’ intention to reduce revisits to nature reserves in Egypt. In particular, this work focuses on the moderating role of switching cost. Data were collected from 401 tourists of the Wadi Degla and Petrified Forest nature reserves in Egypt. Path analysis is employed to test the research hypotheses using WarpPLS 6. Findings confirm that the tourism demarketing mix significantly affects tourists’ perception and intention to reduce revisits to the nature reserves. Lower switching cost partially enhanced the relationship between the tourism demarketing mix and tourists’ intention to reduce revisits. Regarding implications, managers can use findings from this study to design marketing plans that contribute to sustainable stewardship of destinations and protect nature reserves. Limitations and conclusions were also provided.
Mitochondrial toxicity induced by linezolid causing lactic acidosis
Authors: Sharma Kunal , Keri Vishakh C , Kumar Tirlangi Praveen , Sethi Prayas , Dass Jasmita , Mishra Ritesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

Linezolid-induced lactic acidosis is a rare, but life-threatening complication of a commonly used drug. Patients present with persistent lactic acidosis, hypoglycaemia, high central venous oxygen saturation and shock. Linezolid causes mitochondrial toxicity due to impaired oxidative phosphorylation. This is evidenced by cytoplasmic vacuolations in the myeloid and erythroid precursors of bone marrow smear as illustrated in our case. Discontinuation of the drug, administration of thiamine and haemodialysis reduces lactic acid levels.
Preparation of skim natural rubber and polypropylene blends via melt blending: A study on physico-mechanical properties
Authors: Wijewardane DS , Senevirathna MASR , Siriwardena S , Edirisinghe DG , Sudusingha YCY
Published: March 2023

High percentage of non-rubbers in Skim Natural Rubber (SNR) has restricted its use in manufacture of advanced rubber products. SNR were melt blended with polypropylene (PP) at different blend ratios to generate thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Standard Lanka Rubber (SLR) and PP blends were also prepared for the purpose of comparison. Tensile, hysteresis, hardness, water absorption, and dynamic mechanical properties of unvulcanized (UV) and dynamically vulcanized (DV) SNR/PP and SLR/PP blends were compared. Stress-strain behavior and TPE characteristics of both blends were similar. Tensile strength and modulus of SNR/PP blends decreased with the increase of SNR percentage. Elongation at break showed a decrease in UV blends and maxima at 50:50 blend ratio for DV blends. Dynamic vulcanization of the rubber phase improved tensile properties and hardness of the blends. Water absorption studies showed significantly higher equilibrium moisture content in SNR/PP blends, while difference in this property diminished with the increase of rubber phase. Water absorption and equilibrium moisture content decreased with dynamic vulcanization of rubber phase. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed multi-phase microstructure of the blends. Both blend systems showed similar dynamic mechanical properties and almost comparable thermo-mechanical properties confirming the potential of SNR as an alternative to SLR for selected applications.
Bilateral Vocal Cord Abduction Paralysis after C1 Laminectomy in a Child with Type 1 Arnold Chiari Malformation.
Authors: Vafa Aliyar Zahedi , Hans Stéphane , Khalife Mohamad , Lechien Jérôme R
Published: March 2023

Background: Type 1 Arnold Chiari is a neurological malformation that may be associated with vocal cord paralysis in Children. In most cases, the vocal cord paralysis is related to protrusion of medulla and cerebellum in the foramen magnum, which led to compression on the vagus nerve.

Case report: A 12-year-old child underwent suboccipital decompression and C1 laminectomy for a symptomatic type 1 Arnold Chiari malformation. After the surgery, patient reported severe dyspnea, aphonia, and dysphagia. The videolaryngostroboscopy and neurological examinations reported a postoperative bilateral vocal cord abduction paralysis due to bilateral IX and X cranial nerve paralyzes and a bilateral paralysis of the tongue.

Discussion: The type 1 Arnold Chiari malformation clinical picture may present with unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralysis, which may resolve with an adequate management of the disease. However, the neurosurgical decompression and C1 laminectomy may result in bilateral lesion of the IX, X, and XII cranial nerves, and related severe swallowing, aspiration and vocal cord disorders.

Conclusion: We reported the first case of bilateral vocal cord abduction paralysis occurring post-neurosurgical decompression and C1 laminectomy in a child with type 1 Arnold Chiari malformation. This case highlights the importance of surgical steps of the procedure in front of the C1 vertebrae where there are IX, X, and XII cranial nerves.
Primary nasal tuberculosis: A rare case report
Authors: Zhang Zhijuan , Ma Zheng , Li Yanrong , Wang Jingyuan , Hou Li
Published: March 2023

Nasal primary tuberculosis (TB) of the upper respiratory tract is rare and barely reported in literature. Herein, we report a complicated case of nasal primary TB with otitis media. The patient visited the ENT clinic due to left-side nasal obstruction accompanied by rhinorrhea, and intermittent headaches. The diagnosis of nasal TB was confirmed with an acid-fast bacterial test and histopathological examination. After 3 months of treatment with anti-TB drugs, patient’s symptoms of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and other symptoms were remarkably relieved. The left ear purulence substantially reduced. The patient recovered well and had no recurrence post half a year of follow-up. Our case emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis and initiation of timely treatment. Additionally, when a patient has nasal TB complicated with otitis media, it is important to consider a diagnosis of middle ear TB.
Determining Who Is Worthy: Stakeholder Perspectives on a District’s De-Leveling Initiatives
Authors: Roegman Rachel , Hinze-Pifer Rebecca , Tanner Nathan , Studamire Danté , Thompson Faith
Published: March 2023

Background/Context:

Scholars and practitioners continue to work to identify ways to change structural conditions, school-level policy, and stakeholder mindsets to support minoritized youth in advanced coursework. Open access policies, in which students do not need a previous teacher’s approval or a prerequisite grade to enroll in an advanced offering, that are coupled with teacher training and student support are one positive direction. However, it is critical to consider whether open access policies are truly “open” and how students are placed in different levels of coursework.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question or Focus of Study:

The purpose of this article is to examine how key stakeholders, including students, counselors, and principals, understand and act on district initiatives in course placement decisions. Research questions are: (1) How do different stakeholders view their own role, and other stakeholders’ role, in determining who should be enrolled in more advanced coursework? (2) In what ways do different stakeholders understand educational equity in relation to the course placement process? (3) How are students’ reported experiences with course scheduling consistent with or in conflict with the practices and values reported by school administrators and counselors?

Research Design:

The district at the heart of this study was chosen because of its 10-year-long commitment to reducing barriers to advanced coursework, and implementation of many of the strategies identified as promising by prior research. We utilized a concurrent mixed-methods design involving interviews with principals and counselors and surveys of students, given that both quantitative and qualitative data provide partial perspectives on our research questions. Social reproduction theory served as an explanatory tool, as we considered how different stakeholders understood the idea of “choice” in students’ course-selection process. We looked specifically to ways that the district continues to classify students and contributes to the reproduction of ideas about who is “smart” and “worthy,” and who is not.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

To address the identified difficulties in reversing race- and class-based inequities in student course-taking, we outlined a set of comprehensive recommendations for policy and practice, at both the school and district level, and the teacher and leader preparation level. In part, these aim to address the variation that existed across the district, in terms of both mindset and policy implementation. Of note, technical solutions are not sufficient for equity-focused reforms, especially with socially constructed concepts such as “interest” and socially constrained pathways of “choice.”
Self-Reported Reasons for Divorce, Social Support, and Depression: An Exploratory Study With Hmong Women
Authors: Her Malina , Xiong Zha Blong
Published: March 2023

Contrary to other Asian Americans, Hmong, a subgroup of Southeast Asians, have seen a steady increase of divorce rates in prior decades. Due to their clan-based patrilineal system and collectivistic values, divorce is stigmatized and discouraged, especially for Hmong women. A mixed-methods approach was used to explore Hmong women’s reasons for divorce, divorce initiation, and the relationship of social support and depression levels. To analyze findings, a thematic content analysis of written responses in addition to regression models were conducted. Our qualitative findings show the most prominent reasons for divorce reported by Hmong women were personality or life differences, abusive behaviors, and infidelity. No statistical significance was found between initiation of divorce and perceived social support or depression and perceived social support. Implications of findings are shared.
Not WEIRD at all! Towards More Pluralistic Economies and Sustainable Livelihoods
Authors: Little Vicki Janine , Ho Helen Hui Ping , Eti-Tofinga Buriata
Published: March 2023

Sustainability discourses are dominated by Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) perspectives. Critics call for remedies to patriarchy, capitalism, and colonialism; and for work that is inclusive of women, non-market influences, and epistemologies of the global South. Focusing on women's work, this paper interrogates the epistemic and practical injustices of geography and gender. The empirical domain is a middle-income economy, offering insight from the space between WEIRD and subsistence extremes. 15 case studies of Malay female micro-entrepreneurs draw on interview, observational and secondary data, tracing the effects of market formalization on market actors. Despite subordinate social status, the women provide reliable income streams for their families. However, their livelihoods are threatened by rapidly formalizing markets. Market formalization crowds out the small and diverse in favor of the large and multinational. To address that problem, a pro-social systems view is required, based on pluralistic conceptions of economies and markets. Drawing on Gibson-Graham's diverse economies perspective we derive 12 propositions supporting sustainable livelihoods. Sustainable livelihoods support quality of life and wellbeing, are embedded in less damaging and more inclusive (vs patriarchal, colonial and capitalistic) provisioning systems, in turn embedded in epistemologies that are reflexively conscious of power dynamics and the WEIRD hegemony. In line with the paradoxes and tensions in sustainability thinking we call for pluralism: Conscious acceptance of all economic approaches, formal and informal, state and non-state, global and local, capitalist and planned; with an emphasis on physical, emotional and social well-being, self-determination, diversity, health, and happiness for the many rather than wealth for the few.