bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Putting the Safe Back Into the Safeguards of Federalism: A Comparative Analysis of the Complexities of Political Safeguards
Authors: Burroughs Benjamin , Vilos Evan
Published: October 2019

To fully comprehend how the political safeguards of federalism actually guard federalism and preserve the Constitutional balance between State and national government, we must chart its history in order to better ascertain the implications of political safeguards in our day. In contrasting the work of Wechsler and Kramer with that of Smith, we are able to view the complexities concerning the debate as to how political parties and judicial reviews function to safeguard federalism. In building off Kramer’s views that informal means such as political parties constitute a political safeguard of federalism, we draw attention to the potential obstacles that interest groups pose to the safeguarding process [...]
Expanding the Federation? The Process of Devolution in the Yukon Territory
Authors: MacDonald Adam P.
Published: October 2019

Since the 1970s, the transition of jurisdictional authority, specifically resource management, from the federal government to the Yukon Territorial Government (YTG) has been an ongoing endeavor. To date the transfer of powers from Ottawa has been well absorbed by Whitehorse, which has developed the institutions and expertise needed to accept these new areas of responsibilities. While it appears unlikely that this process will result in provincehood due to an apathetic Yukon political culture regarding this matter and Ottawa’s unwillingness to reopen the Constitution, further devolution of powers, via federal statue, to Whitehorse in the future is expected. Devolution, however, in the Yukon is a dual process involving not just the federal government and YTG, but the Yukon First Nations as well. Aboriginal self-rule is a far more complex issue, with concerns over the lack of an experienced labour force and the cumbersome relationship with Whitehorse characterized by funding and decision-making process disputes. Ultimately, the level of autonomy and self-rule achieved by the Yukon First Nations will be dependent on their ability to secure immediate influxes in financial and technical assistance from both Ottawa and Whitehorse. This condition, however, is contingent upon the acceptance of the federal government and YTG of the Yukon Fist Nations as a legitimate level of government and, therefore, an increased willingness to develop strategies to address immediate concerns.[...]
Restoring Fiscal Equilibrium in the Canadian Federation: The Strides of the Harper Government
Authors: Chisholm Sarah
Published: October 2019

The Canadian federation is by no means a fiscal equilibrium and this imbalance has been a growing area of weakness for decades. However, the Harper Conservatives have acknowledged Canada’s fiscal imbalance and have placed it as a top priority for their government. Since 2006 Harper and his government have committed, and followed through with, several significant efforts towards fixing Canada’s fiscal imbalance through measures included in both the 2006 and 2007 federal budget plans. No other government in decades has taken such measures and actions to meet this goal. The paper begins by describing how Canadian fiscal relations have evolved into what has been termed the fiscal imbalance. The paper then outlines the actions the Harper Conservatives have taken to properly address the imbalance since 2006; including both the vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances and the corresponding changes to the CST, CHT, the Equalization Program and the TFF. Lastly, the paper discusses the fiscal imbalance in relation to municipal governments and Harper’s initiatives in that area.[...]
THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND AND VIDEOLAPAROSCOPY IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE SURGICAL DISEASES OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY ORGANS IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Surgery, ATSMU, Sultonov Sherali Rakhmonovich , Rasulov Said Sulaymonovich ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, ATSMU, Abdulloev Mahmadsodik Fayzalievich ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, ATSMU, Guriev Kholid Jomahmadovich ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, ATSMU
Published: October 2019

Objective: To improve the results of diagnostic and treatment of acute surgical diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity (ASDOAC) in children. Methods: The work is based on the study of 327 seek children with different ASDOAC at the age of 2 to 15 years. The boys were 125 (38.2%), girls – 202 (61.8%). The ASDOAC included: acute appendicitis and its complications – 163 (49.9%), pathology of pelvic organs – 139 (42.5%), intussusception – 14 (4.2%) and pathology of Meckel's diverticulum – 11 (3.3%) of cases, of which in 5 – Meckel's diverticulum was the cause of acute intestinal obstruction. Results: Suggested therapeutic and diagnostic tactics for ASDOAC in children with the extensive use of ultrasound and video laparoscopy is rational and very effective. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of ASDOAC was more than 92%. Video laparoscopy is also a highly informative, relatively safe and objective method for diagnosing ASDOAC in children and in 100% of cases, it allows to clarify the diagnosis and choose the optimal tactics for surgical treatment. Conclusion: Comparative analysis of diagnosis and treatment of ASDOAC convincingly proves that traditional methods are much inferior to video-laparoscopic operations on the severity of the operating period, the number of postoperative complications, the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters, the reduction in hospitalization of patients, and cosmetic results, especially in girls. Keywords: Ultrasound, video laparoscopy, acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity organs.
INFLUENCE OF THE MAIN LEFT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON THE LEFT VENTRICULAR CONTRACTILE FUNCTION IN THE LONG TERM PERIOD
Authors:   Department of Hospital Therapy with Courses of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics, Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Kuzmina Natalya Mikhaylovna
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study the dynamics of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the long-term period in patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Retrospectively studied the 155 medical histories of patients with the acute coronary syndrome, who underwent PCI. In two years later, 95 patients from the initial sample conducted 2D echocardiography on an apparatus of expert class "Vivid 7". Results: LVEF in the sample 2 years after PCI was significantly increased (56.7447±6.7233% and 58.2021±6.3544%, t=3.0499, p=0.0031). A direct statistically significant relationship was found between such parameters as: symptom-onset-to-balloon (SOTB) time and LVEF (r=0.3, p 0.05); SOTB and the number of dysfunctional LV regions (r=0.18, p 0.05); the body mass index and left main lesion (r=0.24, p 0.05) and the inverse statistically significant relationship between the left main lesion and the LVEF (r =-0.16, p 0.05 ). It is established that for left main stenosis more than 50%, the risk of a reducing in the LVEF is increased in four times. Conclusion: In case of hemodynamically significant stenosis of the left main, timely revascularization should be performed to improve the quality of life and increase the lifespan. This allows improving the contractile function of the LV and reducing the risk of developing severe chronic heart failure. Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, main left coronary artery, relative risk, ejection fraction.
MICRONUCLEAR TEST OF THE BUCCAL EPITHELIUM AS THE SCREENING METHOD IN ONCOLOGY
Authors:   Department of Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bulgakova Yaroslava Viktorovna , Dorokhov Evgeniy Vladimirovich ,   Department of Physiology, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Kosolapova Irina Vladimirovna ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Manukovskaya Olga Valerievna ,   Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Radiodiagnostics, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko; Department № 6, Voronezh Regional Oncology Dispensary
Published: October 2019

Objective: Assessment of dependence the number of nuclear anomalies of the buccal epithelium from the localization of malignant neoplasms; evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of the micronuclear test of buccal epithelium as a screening test for malignant neoplasms on the I, II stages. Methods: Two groups of patients in the oncological clinic for malignant neoplasms treated as test subjects: 10 patients from the Department of Head and Neck Pathology; 10 patients from the Gynecology Oncology Department. The control group consisted of 10 people without malignant neoplasms. Collection of materials, making preparations and colouring them with Azur-eosin by Romanovsky-Giemsa was carried out according to a standard method. The frequency of occurrence of cells with each type of nuclear anomalies was counted. Results: It was revealed that the number of nuclear anomalies of patients in the Department of Head and Neck Pathology and Gynecology Oncology Department patients significantly exceeded the control group indicators of the test subjects. This proves the possibility of using a micronuclear test of buccal epithelium for screening in oncology. In addition, the sum of all nuclear aberrations in patients of Gynecology Oncology Department has significantly exceeded this index in patients with head and neck pathology. Thus, it was revealed the inverse correlation between the number of nuclear anomalies in the buccal epithelium and the localization of the pathological process in the immediate vicinity of the buccal epithelium. It is connected probably due to the provoking factors of malignant neoplasms actions, which in the different measure is reflected on structures of the organism and buccal epithelium, in particular. Conclusion: Studies have shown the possibility of using the micronuclear test of buccal epithelium as a screening in oncology. Between the number of nuclear anomalies of buccal epithelium and the proximity of the location of the pathological process was revealed the inverse dependence. The technique is simple in use, non-invasive, and cheap. It can be a new method of early diagnosis of malignant neoplasms. Keywords: Micronuclear test, buccal epithelium, oncology, screening.
THE STUDY OF THE DEFECTS OF THE DENTITION PREVALENCE IN THE PLANNING OF ORTHOPEDIC DENTAL HEALTH SERVICE
Authors:   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Avicenna TSMU, Saburov Sabur Karimovich , Abdulaev Behruz Abdulaevich ,   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Avicenna TSMU
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study the prevalence of occlusive defects in the adult population in need of prosthetics. Methods: To determine the need for patients in orthopaedic dental care, a clinical and epidemiological examination of the teeth in 627 patients from 20 to 60 years carried out. Orthopaedic dental status assessed on the basis of a situational analysis complicated forms of caries and, respectively of removed and teeth to be removed according to the method developed by A.V. Alimsky in the Central Scientific Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Results: Structural analysis of occlusive defects in patients observed by us, showed that in the age of 20-29 years, the enclosed defect had 42.01±2%; ending defect – 6.11±0.09%, and full defect – 0.13±0.01% of patients; at the age of 30-39 years, these indicators corresponded to 41.42±2.32%, 7.43±0.09% and 1.75±0.02%; at the age of 40-49 years, enclosed and the ending defects were 35.29±2.20% and 12.31±0.24%, respectively. In the age category 50-59 years and older, the enclosed defects occurred in 44.35±2.16%; ending – in 17.72±0.39% and full defect – in 11.31±0.09% of patients. Conclusion: The results of the study show the need to improve orthopaedic dental care among the patients examined. Keywords: Defects of the dentition, prevalence, improvement of orthopaedic care.
APPLICATION OF SORPTION TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL AREA
Authors:   Department of Dentistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tazin Dmitry Ivanovich , Shakirov Mukhamedzhan Nigmatovich ,   Department of Dentistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tazin Ivan Dmitrievich ,   Department of Dentistry, Siberian State Medical University, Pleshko Raisa Ivanovna ,   Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University
Published: October 2019

Objective: To improve the results of treatment of patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area by using the drainage sorbent "VitaVallis". Methods: A total of 72 patients with odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial region aged 18 to 78 years were examined, of which 39 were men (54.1%), women – 33 (45.9%). All patients were divided into two clinical groups: the main (36 patients, 50%) and the comparison group (36 patients, 50%). The sorbent material «VitaVallis» carried out drainage of the concerned cell spaces in the patients of the main group. Assessment of the local course of the wound process was based on the nature and volume of exudate; the timing of wound cleansing, the preservation of infiltration, the appearance of granulations and marginal epithelization, as well as the application of secondary sutures and the length of hospitalization. The nature of the course of the wound process was evaluated based on cytological examination of smears-prints taken from different parts of the wound on the first, 3rd, 5th and 7th day of the postoperative period. Results: The use of sorption-application therapy has made it possible to reduce the duration of treatment of patients with odontogenic phlegmon of the maxillofacial region by 4.35±1.41 days (p 0.05). The use of the dressing material already for the first day of the study led to the predominance of previously destructive forms of neutrophils, which can speak of the enhanced effector function of these cells in conditions of sorption from the wound of microorganisms. On the 7th day of observation, neutrophil granulocytes (88.6%) prevailed in the smear from the bottom of the wound drained by the sorbent, including destructive changes (50.7%), but macrophophagal elements (7.7%) and phagocytic forms (3.5%), which indicated an active process of cleansing from microflora and detritus. Analysis of the control group showed that all over the monitoring the share of neutrophilic granulocytes remained almost unchanged throughout the observation period (94%, 94.3%, 94%, 93.3%, respectively), the macrophages reaction was noted only on the 5th day and was weakly expressed.
CORRECTION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN WOMEN IN PERIMENOPAUSE
Authors:   Obstetric Department, Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, RUSTAMOVA M.S. , BADALOVA M.KH. ,   Obstetric Department, Tajik Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, MUKHAMADIEVA S.M. ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, NEGMATOVA S.S. ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Postgraduate Education in Healthcare of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, RADJABOVA S.A. ,   City Health Center № 11, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
Published: October 2019

Objective: Study of the peculiarities of correction of metabolic disorders in women of the perimenopausal period Methods: 77 women were surveyed in perimenopause with metabolic syndrome (MS). Conducted analysis of hereditary prevalence and reproductive function; used clinical trails, studied carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, hormonal status; anthropometry, monitoring of arterial pressure, ultrasound of pelvic organs and liver. Results: Heredity in patients was burdened with cardiovascular diseases (58.4%), obesity (46.8%), diabetes mellitus (38.9%) and oncological pathology (18.2%). All interviewees have not given due attention to eating and enjoyed of food rich in carbohydrates in easily digestible form (81.8%). Patients showed: an increase in the body mass index (BMI) with an average value of 32±2.3 kg/m2, abdominal obesity (100%), insulin resistance (96.1%), dyslipidemia (84.4%), endocrinopathy (58.4%), hyperglycemia (55.8%), arterial hypertension (50.6%), androgen-dependent manifestations (32.5%), "Negroid acanthosis" (31,2%), steatosis of the liver (41.6%). Correction MS included a rational diet, increased motor activity, the appointment Metfogamma and Inoclim. The re-examination showed stabilization of the weight, reliable HOMA index reduction, general cholesterol content, low-density lipoprotein, and an increase of high-density lipoprotein level (p<0.05). Vegetovascular manifestations eliminated in 54.5% of women. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and correction of metabolic disorders in women of perimenopausal age normalizes the main metabolism, eliminates the manifestations of menopause syndrome and positively affects the quality of their lives. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, menopause, rational nutrition.
STATE OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY TO THE POPULATION OF MBAD OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Authors:   Department of Environmental Health, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Bakhtiyorova Nargis Buorikovna , Daburov Kamil Nizamovich ,   Department of Environmental Health, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Published: October 2019

Objective: Study of the state of drinking water supply to the population of MBAD of the Republic of Tajikistan Methods: Materials of surveys of 16 water structures and laboratory researches of 108 samples of drinking water on chemical and microbiological indices for 2016-2017 are used. Results: The urban population of the region is 18.7% provided with piped drinking water, the rest of the population of the region (81.3%) uses water from various sources of hazardous epidemiological relations (rivers, springs, aryks, houses, wells, etc.). To address water-related problems, over the past seven years (2010-2017), a number of projects on the provision of drinking water to the population were adopted at the regional and district levels by Khukumat. Conclusion: In the MBAD, the provision of safe drinking water to the population is still low, especially in rural localities. Positive changes in the provision of drinking water to the population will create satisfactory social and sanitary, epidemiological conditions and improve the quality of life population. Keywords: Drinking water, provision of the water supply to population, water pipes, water sources.
PROBLEMS OF PROVIDING THE POPULATION OF THE BOKHTAR AREA OF KHATLON REGION WITH SAFE DRINKING WATER
Authors:   Department of Environmental Health, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Egamnazarov Khuseyn Nazarovich , Daburov Kamil Nizamovich ,   Department of Environmental Health, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Bobodzhonov Fayzali Meglievich ,   Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Khatlon Region, Azimov Gurez Dzhalilovich ,   Medical College of Gissar City
Published: October 2019

Objective: To study the state of providing safe drinking water to the population of the Bohkhtar area of Khatlon region Methods: The objects of the study were: sources of drinking water supply, centralized systems of household and drinking water supply, water networks of 15 districts of the Bokhtar area. The hygienic assessment of drinking water sources, centralized water systems, sanitation zones and the quality of drinking water was carried out in accordance with Tajikistan’s water legislation. Results: The Bokhtar area population for 01.01.2019 is 2126494 people. Only 30% of the population of the region is provided with piped drinking water, and another part of the population (70%) use water from open water sources (rivers, canals, aryks, hauzi, etc.), therefore, there is high incidence of acute intestinal infections, which is more common in remote districts of rural areas. Of the total number of 125 functioning water pipes, 63% do not fully comply with sanitary regulations and norms. Water treatment and decontamination system are not implemented. The wear and breeding of water supply networks today fluctuates between 60-80%. It should be noted that about 40% of the population of the Bokhtar area uses water from irrigation canals that flow through their territory and are the main source of drinking water. Conclusion: In the cities and districts of the Bokhtar area, the issue of providing the population with good-quality drinking water is still low, especially in remote areas. Its solution is related to the implementation of a set of measures, such as: the improvement of water facilities, the construction and reconstruction of water pipes, the establishment of modern technologies to transport and purify water, to use local installations for water treatment, treatment and disposal, to carry out informational work with the population. Keywords: Bokhtar area, population, water supply problem, quality of drinking water, state of water pipes.
The Role of Human Resource Slack on the Total Quality Management Implementation “An Empirical study at College of Administration and Economics / University of Duhok”
Authors: Fouaad Tawfeeq R.
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to find the level of the human resource (HR) Slack, and investigate its impacts on implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) as perceived by teaching board members at college of administration and economic / university of Duhok.

The study adopted the descriptive approach, and utilized a questionnaire for data collection. The sample of the study consisted of (69) teaching board members whom were selected randomly from the study population during the academic year 2017/2018.

The findings of the study indicated that, there was a significant negative relationship at (α ≤ 0.05) between the level of HR Slack and the level of TQM implementation. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant impact of HR slack as independent variables on the depended variables (team working, continuous improvement ,Customer Focus , and employee involvement) with default significance at (α ≤ 0.05).

In light of the findings , the study presents a set of suggestions including ; the necessity of reducing HR slack by spreading the culture of compliance with the rules and regulations work and the official working hours between the employees of the surveyed college included in the research , whatever their job location ,as well as ,the top management of the surveyed college should consider TQM as a priority in its interests, and involving the surveyed college to TQM implementation at all levels.
Determinan Housing Mobility di Surabaya
Authors: Anastasia Njo , Kusuma Joshua Gondo
Published: October 2019

Every individual definitely will perform housing mobility in accordance to pursue his life purpose. This research aims to determine the influence of affordability, life-course, housing profile, and neighborhood to housing mobility decision in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data samples were collected from Surabaya societies who have ever moved before, and living in a self-owned home at the moment. The method of analysis used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results insinuate that affordability, and housing profile elucidates significant impact on housing mobility. Howbeit, life-course and neighborhood delineate insignificant impact on housing mobility. Therefore, individual's decision to perform a mobility is influenced by availability of wealth and physical appearance of the chosen house to be occupied.
Competititve strategy of taxi company in facing environmental changes
Authors: Athoillah Ahmad Saifi , Firdaus Muhammad , Sanim Bunasor
Published: October 2019

This study aims to analyze the satisfaction of taxi passengers, the internal and external factors in PT XYZ and formulate the competitive strategy with conventional taxi competitor and online taxi companies. The scope of this research is specifically focused on the competitive strategy in strategic business unit level. This study uses quantitative descriptive approach. The data analysis techniques used are IFE, EFE, IE, and QSPM. The result of this study on the analysis of EFE, PT XYZ shows that the highest strength is on a strategic distribution network of taxi in big cities. Meanwhile, the highest threats are standardization of tariff, number of taxi, and minimum identity of online taxi. Furthermore, IE matrix analysis shows that PT XYZ is in quadrant I (grow and build strategy). The decision making stage based on QSPM matrix has the order of strategic priority as follows: forward integration, backward integration, horizontal integration, product development, market penetration, and market development.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Denetim Odağı ve Öz Yeterlik İnançları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Hasan , MUTLU YENER Esra
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının denetim
odağı ve öz yeterlik inançları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırmada
öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağı ve öz yeterlik inançlarının düzeyi ve bu
düzeylerin cinsiyet, öğrenim görülen sınıf, mezun olunan lise türü
değişkenlerine bağlı olarak farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı, denetim odağı ve öz
yeterlik arasında ilişki olup olmadığı ve denetim odağının öz yeterliliği anlamlı
bir şekilde yordayıp yordamadığı incelenmiştir.

Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ve nedensel
karşılaştırmalı desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2017- 2018 eğitim
öğretim yılında İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 3611
öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini tabakalı örnekleme
yöntemiyle seçilen 347 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır.

                Araştırmada veri toplama aracı
olarak Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy ve Hoy (1998) tarafından geliştirilen
Türkçeye uyarlaması ise Çapa, Çakıroğlu ve Sarıkaya (2005) tarafından yapılan
“Öğretmen Öz Yeterlik Ölçeği” ve Dağ (2002) tarafından geliştirilen “Denetim
Odağı Ölçeği”  kullanılmıştır. Verilerin
analizi SPSS 22 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır.

Öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağı ve öz yeterlik
inançlarının düzeyini belirlemek için betimsel istatistikler kullanılmıştır.
Öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağı ve öz yeterlik inançlarının cinsiyet
değişkenine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek amacıyla t testi,
öğrenim gördükleri sınıf, mezun oldukları lise türü değişkenlerine göre
farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek için Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi
(ANOVA) yapılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağı ve öz yeterlik algıları
arasında ne düzeyde bir ilişki olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla Pearson Momentler
Çarpımı Korelasyonu kullanılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağına
ilişkin algılarının öz yeterliklerini ne düzeyde yordadığını belirlemek
amacıyla çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. 

Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının öz yeterlik
düzeyleri 3.72 ortalama ile “oldukça yeterli” düzeyde ve denetim odağı ise 2.59
ortalama ile “pek uygun değil” düzeyinde bulunmuştur.  Öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağının ve öz
yeterlik inançlarının cinsiyet, öğrenim görülen sınıf, mezun olunan lise türü
değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Denetim odağı ile öz
yeterlik inancı arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Öğretmen adaylarının denetim odağı, öz yeterlik inançlarını anlamlı bir şekilde
yordamakta ve öz yeterliliğe ilişkin varyansın yaklaşık %14’ünü açıklamaktadır.
Acil Servise Geriatrik Hastaların 72 Saat İçerisindeki Tekrar Başvuruları
Authors: Aslaner Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2019

Amaç: Geriatrik hastaların acil servise (AS) üç gün içerisindeki tekrar başvuruları ile ilgili literatürde yeterli veri yoktur. Bu çalışma ile bu hastaların karakteristik özelliklerini belirlemek ve sonrasında 90 günlük mortalite sonuçlarını saptamak amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışma Ocak 2018 tarihinde ikinci basamak bir devlet hastanesi acil servisinde gerçekleştirildi. Hasta popülasyonu 65 yaş ve üzeri hastalardan seçildi. Hastaların ilk başvuru ve 72 saat içerisindeki ikinci başvuru kayıtları not edildi. Bulgular: Çalışma süresince 1422 geriatrik hasta AS’e başvurdu ve bu hastalar içerisinde 85 (%6) hasta 72 saat içerisinde tekrar AS’e başvurdu. Bu hastaların %54,1’i kadındı ve hastaların ortanca yaşı 74’tü (IQR 70-80). Tekrar başvuru yap-an geriatrik hastaların %77,6’sı (n=66) ilk başvurusu ile benzer şikâyetlere sahipti. Tekrar başvuruları farklı tanılarla gerçekleşen hastaların 90 günlük mortalite oranları, aynı tanı ile başvuranlara göre daha yüksek izlense de aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (%26,3 ve %13,6; sırasıyla). Tüm tekrar başvurular içerisinde mortalite sonuçlarına bakıldığında, hastaların %16.5’inde (n=14) 90 gün içerisinde mortalite izlendi.Sonuç: Geriatrik tekrar başvuru oranları literatürle kıyaslandığında bir miktar daha yüksek izlendi. Benzer tanılarla tekrar başvuru oranları oldukça yüksekti. Çalışma içerisinde yaklaşık her altı hastadan birinin 90 gün içerisinde mortalite ile sonuçlandığı görüldü.
Usi funerari nel Caucaso Meridionale nell'Età del Bronzo Antico: il caso di Shida Kartli (Georgia)
Authors: Rova Elena
Published: October 2019

Based on the results of recent investigations, the paper discusses the transformation of funerary customs from the 4th to the end of the 3rd millennium BC in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia. In contrast with both the previous and the following phase, the Kura-Araxes culture is characterised by a weak differentiation in burial goods. The transition to the following Early Kurgan period, when wealthy individual graves in the shape of large barrows become common, appears to have been less sharp in Shida Kartli than elsewhere, and possibly mediated by the appearance of large collective pit graves. Hybridisation phenomena between Kura-Araxes and Early Kurgan funerary customs can also be observed.
La musica d'arte (maqom) tra Herat, Bukhara e Kashgar
Authors: De Zorzi Giovanni
Published: October 2019

Central Asian Art music (maqom) transcends nowadays national borders and belongs to a larger musical area where Art music was (and still is) calledmaqām. After a discussion on the many meanings of such a term and on the theoretical works of the so called first Arab-Islamic musicology, the present paper moves to the key figure of systematist musicologist and composer ‘Abd ul-Qādir ibn Ghaybi Marāghī (1360?-1435), who lived part of his life in Herat: from there, through disciples and sons his work, he influencedmaqāmconcept and practice both in the West, in the Ottoman lands, and in the East. In particular, from the 16th century, a musical tradition called Shash Maqom – which arrived to Uyghur’s six town oasis (altıshahr), where the musical tradition called On Ikki Muqam grew – flourished in the Uzbek/Tajik region once called by Greeks Transoxiana, between the cultural centres of Bukhara and Samarkand.
Il sostegno esterno ufficiale agli stati de facto nel Caucaso del sud
Authors: Comai Giorgio
Published: October 2019

De facto states in the South Caucasus are supported by a patron: Russia in the case of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Armenia in the case of Nagorno Karabakh. In spite of the contested international status of these territories, assistance to de facto states is often fully formalised, and relevant details are included in budget laws as well as documents issued by pension funds. This article presents relevant data and sources, and highlights the importance of taking them in consideration to inform analyses on the political economy of these territories, as well as to develop policies of engagement.
Nassella tussock current and potential distributions in New Zealand
Authors: Kriticos D.J. , Lamoureaux S. , Bourdôt G.W. , Pettit W.
Published: October 2019

Nassella tussock (Nassella trichotoma) occurs most frequently in droughtprone grasslands in several areas of New Zealand where it is the subject of surveillance and/or regional management strategies The potential range of nassella tussock in New Zealand was estimated using a climate model developed from global distribution data (excluding the known distribution for New Zealand) The climate suitability of New Zealand for nassella tussock was estimated using a gridded climate dataset with a spatial resolution of 10 minutes of arc The model projections encompassed all areas of current occupation as determined from the records of ten Local Authorities and revealed vast tracts of land particularly in southern Canterbury and Otago which are currently climatically suitable yet unoccupied by the weed This map will enable regional authorities to recognise sites most at risk of invasion (those with high climatic suitability that are nearby current or historical infestations) and factor this into their management programmes
Safety in New Zealand weed biocontrol a nationwide survey for impacts on nontarget plants
Authors: Paynter Q. , Fowler S.V. , Gourlay A.H. , Haines M.L. , Harman H.M. , Hona S.R. , Peterson P.G. , Smith L.A. , Wilson-Davey J.R.A. , Winks C.J. , Withers T.M.
Published: October 2019

The safety record of weed biocontrol was questioned recently when examples of damage to nontarget plants were reported overseas Until now systematic investigations of nontarget feeding have not been performed in New Zealand Results of surveys looking for evidence of nontarget damage caused by 20 biological control agents released against weeds in New Zealand are presented Most agents (16) are apparently hostspecific However two species (Tyria jacobaeae and Phytomyza vitalbae) were recorded attacking native plants although their attack was very minor and predictable from hostrange testing performed prior to release For two other species Bruchidius villosus and Cydia succedana nontarget attack was not predicted from hostrange testing Larval feeding by these species was confined to mainly weedy exotic plants that are closely related to their target plants The reliability of hostspecificity testing and overall safety record of weed biological control in New Zealand are discussed
Influence of dose and molecular weight on foliar mass uptake of surfactant
Authors: Nielsen C.M. , Steele K.D. , Forster W.A. , Zabkiewicz J.A.
Published: October 2019

Foliar uptake of model xenobiotics and active ingredients on a unit area basis can be related to the initial dose of compound applied per unit area Current concepts propose that ideally surfactants and active ingredients copenetrate into plants Other evidence has shown that this is not always the case with pesticides and surfactants influencing each others behaviour Hence it is relevant to determine whether surfactants follow a similar mass uptake relationship This study determined the uptake of five surfactants differing in structure and molecular weight (2901350) into two plant species (fathen and wheat) The results showed that surfactants follow the same mass uptake relationship found previously for model compounds and active ingredients ie the initial dose (nmol/mm2) of surfactant applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake per unit area However at the constant concentration () studied surfactant molecular weight also played a role in uptake
Influence of grass species on the foraging behaviour of Platygaster hiemalis a parasitoid of the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor
Authors: Withers T.M. , Harris M.O.
Published: October 2019

Platygaster hiemalis is an egg parasitoid of the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor a pest of both New Zealand wheat Triticum aestivum (Tribe Triticeae) and prairie grass Bromus willdenowii (Tribe Bromeae) The searching and ovipostion behaviour of P hiemalis females in relation to Hessian fly eggs oviposited on these two grass hosts was investigated Individual females (n15) were observed foraging for 60 min in an array of six wheat seedlings and six prairie grass seedlings with all plants bearing Hessian fly eggs (mean of 56 eggs) and plant type alternated within the array Before being released into the array the female had oviposited but had not experienced either plant type as an adult On average P hiemalis females made 77 visits to plants during the 60 min observation period with some of these being repeat visits to the same plant Wheat plants were visited twice as frequently as prairie grass plants Once on the plant females on prairie grass plants were just as likely to find eggs as females on wheat plants These results indicate that P hiemalis is potentially as effective at parasitising Hessian fly in prairie grass pastures as in wheat fields
Assays to determine the predatory ability of Pergamasus against clover flea
Authors: Eden T.M. , Wilson D.J. , Hackell D.L.
Published: October 2019

Clover flea (Sminthurus viridis) is found throughout New Zealand and is a major economic pest of white clover (Trifolium repens) in localised areas of the North Island Predatory mites are important biocontrol agents of clover flea in Australia but little is known of the efficacy of the predatory mite species present in New Zealand A major challenge to assessing mite efficacy has been poor survival of clover flea in laboratory assays It was found that adult clover flea survival was higher when they were contained with soil whereas soil was not essential for the survival of younger nymphs The predatory ability of Pergamasus is still unclear as there was significant mortality in one experiment containing the mites but no significant difference in mortality in the assay that followed
Latent periods of septoria tritici blotch on ten cultivars of wheat
Authors: Viljanen-Rollinson S.L.H. , Marroni M.V. , Butler R.C. , Deng Y. , Armour T.
Published: October 2019

A field trial was carried out to determine the length of latent periods of Septoria tritici blotch on 10 cultivars of wheat After artificial inoculation of the flag leaves of all cultivars on a single date lesions of S tritici showing pycnidia were produced over intervals of 21 to 37 days (273 to 459C days) after inoculation Latent periods varied between the cultivars tested with cv Domino having the shortest and cv Regency the longest latent periods The period of symptom expression for the different cultivars varied from 0 to 11 days (0 to 122C days) with a mean of 50 (544C days) This research provides information that can be used to develop disease models and forecast systems to assist growers with disease control decisions
Efficacy of several organic herbicides and glyphosate formulations under simulated rainfall
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A.
Published: October 2019

Glasshouse studies were conducted to determine the efficacy and rainfast interval of several organic and glyphosatebased herbicides marketed for use in home gardens The test species used were white clover (Trifolium repens) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and couch (Elytrigia repens) After spraying the 6weekold plants some pots were set aside and received no simulated rainfall while others were placed under the rainfall simulator (11 mm rain over 30 minutes) at 2 3 or 6 h after application Plants were visually assessed for herbicide efficacy and after 4 weeks all the new growth was harvested and dry matter measured Rainfall applied 2 or 3 h after application did not reduce the efficacy of organic herbicides In the case of glyphosate rain applied at 2 h after spraying reduced efficacy by 440 while rain 6 h after application reduced it by 020 depending on formulation and plant type
Long term ground cover options for apple orchards
Authors: Harrington K.C. , Hartley M.J. , Rahman A. , James T.K.
Published: October 2019

A trial was established in a new Hawkes Bay apple orchard in September 1998 to determine how well various ground cover treatments could control weed competition and influence tree production Results are presented after six growing seasons Competition during the first growing season resulted in effects on the trees that were still measurable many years later Dichondra (Dichondra micrantha) gave a good ground cover for the first few years but slowly regressed to hardtocontrol weed species The red fescue (Festuca rubra) plots survived better than dichondra although also had problems Bark mulch needed continual assistance from herbicides Some of the treatments were modified after two growing seasons to investigate establishing ground covers after initially using bark mulches Results are discussed in terms of using any form of ground cover as a weed control option in orchards looking at advantages disadvantages and effects on the weed flora
Optimal timing for post emergence applications of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A. , Trolove M.
Published: October 2019

Field trials were conducted over three growing seasons to ascertain optimal timing for post emergence application of nicosulfuron in maize when no preemergence herbicides were used Nicosulfuron (60 g/ha) was applied at 1 to 7 weeks after maize emergence Dry matter and leaf area of maize plants grass and broadleaf weeds were determined at the time of treatment Maize grain yields were used as the major determinant to assess the impact of different timings of postemergence weed control The early season (weeks 13) weed control achieved with nicosulfuron was excellent but subsequent germination of weeds occurred In weeks 47 the larger weeds took longer to brown off and die back Results showed that both the biomass and ground cover of weeds were important in determining the duration of the optimal application window When weeds remained uncontrolled and achieved 100 ground cover grain yields were significantly reduced This occurred at weeks 3 5 and 6 after emergence in the three trials
Evaluation of the costeffectiveness of sterile insect release strategies against painted apple moth Teia anartoides
Authors: Wee S.L. , Kean J.M. , Stephens A.E.A. , Suckling D.M.
Published: October 2019

Although the painted apple moth (PAM) eradication programme in West Auckland appears to have been successful the large volume of trade from Australia PAMs native range makes reinvasion likely Recent work has focused on modelling the spatial and temporal effects of optimal release strategies in the sterile insect technique (SIT) programme to enable assessment of the time required and likelihood of eradication success However the costeffectiveness of each strategy is not known Based on the rearing and operational costs from the past PAM SIT release programme the unit cost of a single irradiated male moth for a release programme has been quantified A simple economic model for cost analyses and comparison of a few selected SIT release strategies at ge;95 confidence level of eradication success is presented This model could be used to select an appropriate costeffective strategy thus aiding in prompt decisionmaking of PAM reincursion responses
Irradiation conditions affect the quality of irradiated painted apple moth
Authors: Stephens A.E.A. , Barrington A.M. , Fletcher N.M. , Suckling D.M.
Published: October 2019

Sterile painted apple moths have been released in Auckland in an attempt to assist with the eradication of this species from New Zealand Quality as measured by wind tunnel flight performance of irradiated insects decreased from 66 of unirradiated males in 20032004 to approximately 43 in 20052006 and recapture rates were lower A decrease in quality measures (ie emergence rate wind tunnel flight performance and recapture rate) was related to an increase in the length of pre and posttreatment time that the insects were held in the irradiation container potentially caused by container conditions Altering the irradiation container conditions to improve aeration led to an increase in posttreatment quality The surveillance grid in place for monitoring caught the sterile moths Higher recapture rates have increased confidence in the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique against this insect which is continuing in southeastern Auckland
Speciesspecific PCR primers for Guignardia citricarpa and Guignardia mangiferae
Authors: Everett K.R. , Rees-George J.
Published: October 2019

The plant pathogen Guignardia citricarpa causes citrus black spot and is not considered to be present in New Zealand Speciesspecific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to identify G citricarpa and G mangiferae a closely related saprotroph that is present in New Zealand These PCR primers were tested against a range of other saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi viz Botrytis cinerea Botryosphaeria dothidea B parva Cladosporium sp Colletotrichum acutatum C gloeosporioides Cryptosporiopsis sp Epicoccum sp Nigrospora sp Penicillium sp Pestalotia sp Phialophora sp Phlyctema sp Phoma sp Phomopsis sp Stemphylium sp and Venturia inaequalis The primers JRGGc were specific to G citricarpa and JRGGm to G mangiferae A 226 bp product was amplified from G mangiferae DNA using JRGGm primers and a 501 bp product was amplified from G citricarpa DNA using JRGGc primers These primers thus distinguished G citricarpa from G mangiferae and can be used to rapidly identify incursions by citrus black spot
Field application of biopolymercoated Beauveria bassiana F418 for clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) control in Waikato and Manawatu
Authors: Brownbridge M. , Nelson T.L. , Hackell D.L. , Eden T.M. , Wilson D.J. , Willoughby B.E. , Glare T.R.
Published: October 2019

Clover root weevil (CRW) (Sitona lepidus) continues to have a severe impact on white clover in pastures in the North Island of New Zealand Trials were established in October 2005 as part of a continuing evaluation of the insectpathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana F418 strain for management of this pest F418 was applied as a rice biopolymer formulation targeting CRW larvae in the clover root feeding zone (35 cm below the surface) Overall there was a reduction in CRW numbers at all of the test sites The number of larvae recovered was significantly lower in F418treated than control plots after 3 weeks and the number of pupae was similarly lower in F418 than control plots after 6 weeks Higher levels of fungal propagules were recovered from 06 cm in the soil profile than 610 cm
The effect of competition and use of fertiliser on the seedling emergence of introduced gorse (Ulex europaea) and Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius)
Authors: Ledgard N.J.
Published: October 2019

The effect of varying levels of rangeland vegetation competition as modified by application of fertiliser on the establishment of introduced Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) and gorse (Ulex europaeus) was monitored over a five year period Two growing seasons after fertiliser addition vascular plant cover in the fertilised plots was twofold greater than in the control plots After 5 years higher levels of vascular plant cover induced a highly significant (Plt;00001) threefold reduction in emergence of gorse from 37 in the control to 12 in the fertilised treatment (Plt;00001) However higher levels of vascular plant cover had no significant (Plt;064) effect on emergence of broom which was 42 in the untreated and 39 in the fertilised treatment with high vascular plant cover Implications for gorse and broom invasion and management are discussed
Influence of temperature and flowers on longevity of adult Platygaster demades
Authors: Sandanayaka W.R.M. , Charles J.G.
Published: October 2019

Failure by Platygaster demades to provide effective biological control of apple leaf curling midge (ALCM) may be because the second spring generation of the parasitoid is asynchronous with that of its host Asynchrony may result from relatively slow development of P demades at low temperatures in spring In laboratory experiments adult female P demades provided with honeyagar diet lived significantly longer at 11deg;C (479 28 days) than at 19deg;C (194 days) and 27deg;C (27 days) Platygaster demades were provided with fresh flowers of Anethum graveolens (dill) Coriander sativam (coriander) Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat) Lobularia maritime (alyssum) Phacelia tanacetifolia (purple tansy) and Sinapis alba (white mustard) Both sexes lived longest (and comparably to the honeyagar diet) when provided with buckwheat flowers The possibilities for using buckwheat in apple orchards to prolong the first generation of P demades sufficiently to synchronise with the second generation population of ALCM are discussed