bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fingerprinting shock-induced deformations via diffraction
Authors: Mishra Avanish , Kunka Cody , Echeverria Marco J. , Dingreville Rémi , Dongare Avinash M.
Published: May 2021

During the various stages of shock loading, many transient modes of deformation can activate and deactivate to affect the final state of a material. In order to fundamentally understand and optimize a shock response, researchers seek the ability to probe these modes in real-time and measure the microstructural evolutions with nanoscale resolution. Neither post-mortem analysis on recovered samples nor continuum-based methods during shock testing meet both requirements. High-speed diffraction offers a solution, but the interpretation of diffractograms suffers numerous debates and uncertainties. By atomistically simulating the shock, X-ray diffraction, and electron diffraction of three representative BCC and FCC metallic systems, we systematically isolated the characteristic fingerprints of salient deformation modes, such as dislocation slip (stacking faults), deformation twinning, and phase transformation as observed in experimental diffractograms. This study demonstrates how to use simulated diffractograms to connect the contributions from concurrent deformation modes to the evolutions of both 1D line profiles and 2D patterns for diffractograms from single crystals. Harnessing these fingerprints alongside information on local pressures and plasticity contributions facilitate the interpretation of shock experiments with cutting-edge resolution in both space and time.
Dermal bacterial LPS-stimulation reduces susceptibility to intradermal Trypanosoma brucei infection
Authors: Alfituri Omar A. , Mararo Enock M. , Steketee Pieter C. , Morrison Liam J. , Mabbott Neil A.
Published: May 2021

Infections withTrypanosoma bruceisp. are established after the injection of metacyclic trypomastigotes into the skin dermis by the tsetse fly vector. The parasites then gain access to the local lymphatic vessels to infect the local draining lymph nodes and disseminate systemically via the bloodstream. Macrophages are considered to play an important role in host protection during the early stage of systemic trypanosome infections. Macrophages are abundant in the skin dermis, but relatively little is known of their impact on susceptibility to intradermal (ID) trypanosome infections. We show that although dermal injection of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) increased the local abundance of macrophages in the skin, this did not affect susceptibility to IDT. bruceiinfection. However, bacterial LPS-stimulation in the dermis prior to ID trypanosome infection significantly reduced disease susceptibility. In vitro assays showed that LPS-stimulated macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells had enhanced cytotoxicity towardsT. brucei, implying that dermal LPS-treatment may similarly enhance the ability of dermal macrophages to eliminate ID injectedT. bruceiparasites in the skin. A thorough understanding of the factors that reduce susceptibility to ID injectedT. bruceiinfections may lead to the development of novel strategies to help reduce the transmission of African trypanosomes.
Macrosynteny analysis between Lentinula edodes and Lentinula novae-zelandiae reveals signals of domestication in Lentinula edodes
Authors: Smith Christopher Alan
Published: May 2021

The basidiomycete fungus Lentinula novae-zelandiae is endemic to New Zealand and is a sister taxon to Lentinula edodes, the second most cultivated mushroom in the world. To explore the biology of this organism, a high-quality chromosome level reference genome of L. novae-zelandiae was produced. Macrosyntenic comparisons between the genome assembly of L. novae-zelandiae, L. edodes and a set of three genome assemblies of diverse species from the Agaricomycota reveal a high degree of macrosyntenic restructuring within L. edodes consistent with signal of domestication. These results show L. edodes has undergone significant genomic change during the course of its evolutionary history, likely a result of its cultivation and domestication over the last 1000 years.
Multistability in a star network of Kuramoto-type oscillators with synaptic plasticity
Authors: Ratas Irmantas , Pyragas Kestutis , Tass Peter A.
Published: May 2021

We analyze multistability in a star-type network of phase oscillators with coupling weights governed by phase-difference-dependent plasticity. It is shown that a network with N leaves can evolve into $$2^N$$

2
N

various asymptotic states, characterized by different values of the coupling strength between the hub and the leaves. Starting from the simple case of two coupled oscillators, we develop an analytical approach based on two small parameters $$\varepsilon$$
ε
and $$\mu$$
μ
, where $$\varepsilon$$
ε
is the ratio of the time scales of the phase variables and synaptic weights, and $$\mu$$
μ
defines the sharpness of the plasticity boundary function. The limit $$\mu \rightarrow 0$$

μ
→
0

corresponds to a hard boundary. The analytical results obtained on the model of two oscillators are generalized for multi-leaf star networks. Multistability with $$2^N$$

2
N

various asymptotic states is numerically demonstrated for one-, two-, three- and nine-leaf star-type networks.
Rift Valley fever virus detection in susceptible hosts with special emphasis in insects
Authors: Gregor K. M. , Michaely L. M. , Gutjahr B. , Rissmann M. , Keller M. , Dornbusch S. , Naccache F. , Schön K. , Jansen S. , Heitmann A. , König R. , Brennan B. , Elliott R. M. , Becker S. , Eiden M. , Spitzbarth I. , Baumgärtner W. , Puff C. , Ulrich R. , Groschup M. H.
Published: May 2021

Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV, Phenuiviridae) is an emerging arbovirus that can cause potentially fatal disease in many host species including ruminants and humans. Thus, tools to detect this pathogen within tissue samples from routine diagnostic investigations or for research purposes are of major interest. This study compares the immunohistological usefulness of several mono- and polyclonal antibodies against RVFV epitopes in tissue samples derived from natural hosts of epidemiologic importance (sheep), potentially virus transmitting insect species (Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti) as well as scientific infection models (mouse, Drosophila melanogaster, C6/36 cell pellet). While the nucleoprotein was the epitope most prominently detected in mammal and mosquito tissue samples, fruit fly tissues showed expression of glycoproteins only. Antibodies against non-structural proteins exhibited single cell reactions in salivary glands of mosquitoes and the C6/36 cell pellet. However, as single antibodies exhibited a cross reactivity of varying degree in non-infected specimens, a careful interpretation of positive reactions and consideration of adequate controls remains of critical importance. The results suggest that primary antibodies directed against viral nucleoproteins and glycoproteins can facilitate RVFV detection in mammals and insects, respectively, and therefore will allow RVFV detection for diagnostic and research purposes.
Feasibility of large-scale population testing for SARS-CoV-2 detection by self-testing at home
Authors: Iruzubieta Paula , Fernández-Lanas Tatiana , Rasines Laura , Cayon Lorena , Álvarez-Cancelo Ana , Santos-Laso Alvaro , García-Blanco Agustín , Curiel-Olmo Soraya , Cabezas Joaquín , Wallmann Reinhard , Fábrega Emilio , Martínez-Taboada Víctor M. , Hernández José L. , López-Hoyos Marcos , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Crespo Javier
Published: May 2021

The simplicity and low cost of rapid point-of-care tests greatly facilitate large-scale population testing, which can contribute to controlling the spread of the COVID-19 virus. We evaluated the applicability of a self-testing strategy for SARS-CoV2 in a population-based, cross-sectional study in Cantabria, Spain, between April and May 2020. For the self-testing strategy, participants received the necessary material for the self-collection of blood and performance of a rapid antibody test using lateral flow immunoassay at home without the supervision of healthcare personnel. A total of 1,022 participants were enrolled. Most participants correctly performed the COVID-19 self-test the first time (91.3% [95% CI 89.4–92.9]). Only a minority of the participants (0.7%) needed the help of healthcare personnel, while 6.9% required a second kit delivery, for a total valid test result in 96.9% of the participants. Incorrect use of the self-test was not associated with the educational level, age over 65, or housing area. Prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV2 for subjects with a valid rapid test result was 3.1% (95% CI 2.2–4.4), similar to the seroprevalence result obtained using a conventional approach carried out by healthcare professionals. In conclusion, COVID-19 self-testing should be considered as a screening tool.
Mitigating belief projection in explainable artificial intelligence via Bayesian teaching
Authors: Yang Scott Cheng-Hsin , Vong Wai Keen , Sojitra Ravi B. , Folke Tomas , Shafto Patrick
Published: May 2021

State-of-the-art deep-learning systems use decision rules that are challenging for humans to model. Explainable AI (XAI) attempts to improve human understanding but rarely accounts for how people typically reason about unfamiliar agents. We propose explicitly modelling the human explainee via Bayesian teaching, which evaluates explanations by how much they shift explainees’ inferences toward a desired goal. We assess Bayesian teaching in a binary image classification task across a variety of contexts. Absent intervention, participants predict that the AI’s classifications will match their own, but explanations generated by Bayesian teaching improve their ability to predict the AI’s judgements by moving them away from this prior belief. Bayesian teaching further allows each case to be broken down into sub-examples (here saliency maps). These sub-examples complement whole examples by improving error detection for familiar categories, whereas whole examples help predict correct AI judgements of unfamiliar cases.
The microbial profile of a tissue necrosis affecting the Atlantic invasive coral Tubastraea tagusensis
Authors: Zanotti Aline Aparecida , Gregoracci Gustavo Bueno , Kitahara Marcelo Visentini
Published: May 2021

The Southwestern Atlantic rocky reef ecosystems are undergoing significant changes due to sun-corals (Tubastraea tagusensis and T. coccinea) invasion. At Búzios Island, on the northern coast of São Paulo State, where the abundance of T. tagusensis is particularly high, some colonies are displaying tissue necrosis, a phenomenon never reported for this invasive nor any other azooxanthellate coral species. Using next-generation sequencing, we sought to understand the relationship between T. tagusensis tissue necrosis and its microbiota. Thus, through amplicon sequencing, we studied both healthy and diseased coral colonies. Results indicate a wide variety of bacteria associated with healthy colonies and an even higher diversity associated with those corals presenting tissue necrosis, which displayed nearly 25% more microorganisms. Also, as the microbial community associated with the seven healthy colonies did not alter composition significantly, it was possible to verify the microbial succession during different stages of tissue necrosis (i.e., initial, intermediate, and advanced). Comparing the microbiome from healthy corals to those in early tissue necrosis suggests 21 potential pathogens, which might act as the promoters of such disease.
Developmental features and predicting airway failure risk in critically ill children with mandibular hypoplasia using 3D computational tomographic analysis
Authors: Kim Doo-Hwan , Gwon Eunseo , Ock Junheok , Choi Jong-Woo , Lee Jee Ho , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kim Namkug
Published: May 2021

In children with mandibular hypoplasia, airway management is challenging. However, detailed cephalometric assessment data for this population are sparse. The aim of this study was to find risk factors for predicting difficult airways in children with mandibular hypoplasia, and compare upper airway anatomical differences using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) between children with mandibular hypoplasia and demographically matched healthy controls. There were significant discrepancies in relative tongue position (P < 0.01) and anterior distance of the hyoid bone (P < 0.01) between patients with mandibular hypoplasia and healthy controls. All mandibular measures were significantly different between the two groups, except for the height of the ramus of the mandible. After adjusting for age and sex, the anterior distance of hyoid bone and inferior pogonial angle were significantly associated with a difficult airway (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02). Quantitative analysis of upper airway structures revealed significant discrepancies, including relative tongue position, hyoid distance, and mandible measures between patients with mandibular hypoplasia and healthy controls. The anterior distance of the hyoid bone and inferior pogonial angle may be risk factors for a difficult airway in patients with mandibular hypoplasia.
Factors contributing to discrepant estimated glomerular filtration values measured by creatinine and cystatin C in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nakashima Akikatsu , Horita Shigeto , Matsunaga Takahiro , Inoue Ryo , Zoshima Takeshi , Mizushima Ichiro , Hara Satoshi , Ito Kiyoaki , Fujii Hiroshi , Nomura Hideki , Kawano Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to clarify the factors underlying the discrepancy that has been noted between estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) measured using serum creatinine (Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (CysC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to identify those patients whose renal function should be evaluated using CysC. We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, disease activity, Steinbrocker radiological staging, and co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia) in 238 RA patients. eGFR using serum creatinine (eGFR-Cr) and eGFR using serum cystatin C (eGFR-CysC) were calculated using the new Japanese coefficient-modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation. To clarify the cause(s) of differences of 20% or more between the two eGFRs, we divided our RA patients into Group A (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC ≥ 1.2) and Group B (eGFR-Cr/eGFR-CysC < 1.2), and searched for factors independently related to Group A. Forty-five patients (18.9%) were assigned to Group A, and 193 (81.1%) to Group B. BMI (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.675–0.996), Hb (OR 0.633, 95% CI 0.433–0.926), CK (OR 0.773 per 10 units, 95% CI 0.644–0.933), NSAID use (OR 0.099, 95% CI 0.020–0.494), diabetes mellitus (OR 6.024, 95% CI 1.508–24.390) and stage 4 Steinbrocker radiological stage (OR 10.309, 95% CI 2.994–35.714) were identified as independent relevant factors for Group A by a multifactorial analysis. Renal function in RA patients with low BMI, diabetes, anemia and low CK may be overestimated using eGFR-Cr alone, and such patients need to be evaluated using eGFR-CysC.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates the intestinal stem cell state through CtBP2
Authors: Meijer Bartolomeus J. , Smit Wouter L. , Koelink Pim J. , Westendorp Barbara F. , de Boer Ruben J. , van der Meer Jonathan H. M. , Vermeulen Jacqueline L. M. , Paton James C. , Paton Adrienne W. , Qin Jun , Dekker Evelien , Muncan Vanesa , van den Brink Gijs R. , Heijmans Jarom
Published: May 2021

Enforcing differentiation of cancer stem cells is considered as a potential strategy to sensitize colorectal cancer cells to irradiation and chemotherapy. Activation of the unfolded protein response, due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, causes rapid stem cell differentiation in normal intestinal and colon cancer cells. We previously found that stem cell differentiation was mediated by a Protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) dependent arrest of mRNA translation, resulting in rapid protein depletion of WNT-dependent transcription factor c-MYC. We hypothesize that ER stress dependent stem cell differentiation may rely on the depletion of additional transcriptional regulators with a short protein half-life that are rapidly depleted due to a PERK-dependent translational pause. Using a novel screening method, we identify novel transcription factors that regulate the intestinal stem cell fate upon ER stress. ER stress was induced in LS174T cells with thapsigargin or subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) and immediate alterations in nuclear transcription factor activity were assessed by the CatTFRE assay in which transcription factors present in nuclear lysate are bound to plasmid DNA, co-extracted and quantified using mass-spectrometry. The role of altered activity of transcription factor CtBP2 was further examined by modification of its expression levels using CAG-rtTA3-CtBP2 overexpression in small intestinal organoids, shCtBP2 knockdown in LS174T cells, and familial adenomatous polyposis patient-derived organoids. CtBP2 overexpression organoids were challenged by ER stress and ionizing irradiation. We identified a unique set of transcription factors with altered activation upon ER stress. Gene ontology analysis showed that transcription factors with diminished binding were involved in cellular differentiation processes. ER stress decreased CtBP2 protein expression in mouse small intestine. ER stress induced loss of CtBP2 expression which was rescued by inhibition of PERK signaling. CtBP2 was overexpressed in mouse and human colorectal adenomas. Inducible CtBP2 overexpression in organoids conferred higher clonogenic potential, resilience to irradiation-induced damage and a partial rescue of ER stress-induced loss of stemness. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we identified a unique set of transcription factors for which DNA-binding activity is lost directly upon ER stress. We continued investigating the function of co-regulator CtBP2, and show that CtBP2 mediates ER stress-induced loss of stemness which supports the intestinal stem cell state in homeostatic stem cells and colorectal cancer cells.
Comparative transcriptomics between Drosophila mojavensis and D. arizonae reveals transgressive gene expression and underexpression of spermatogenesis-related genes in hybrid testes
Authors: Banho Cecilia A. , Mérel Vincent , Oliveira Thiago Y. K. , Carareto Claudia M. A. , Vieira Cristina
Published: May 2021

Interspecific hybridization is a stressful condition that can lead to sterility and/or inviability through improper gene regulation in Drosophila species with a high divergence time. However, the extent of these abnormalities in hybrids of recently diverging species is not well known. Some studies have shown that in Drosophila, the mechanisms of postzygotic isolation may evolve more rapidly in males than in females and that the degree of viability and sterility is associated with the genetic distance between species. Here, we used transcriptomic comparisons between two Drosophila mojavensis subspecies and D. arizonae (repleta group, Drosophila) and identified greater differential gene expression in testes than in ovaries. We tested the hypothesis that the severity of the interspecies hybrid phenotype is associated with the degree of gene misregulation. We showed limited gene misregulation in fertile females and an increase in the amount of misregulation in males with more severe sterile phenotypes (motile vs. amotile sperm). In addition, for these hybrids, we identified candidate genes that were mostly associated with spermatogenesis dysfunction.
Modifications of liver stiffness and CXCL4, TGF-β1 and HGF are similar in HCV- and HIV/HCV-infected patients after DAAs
Authors: Márquez-Coello Mercedes , Arizcorreta Ana , Rodríguez-Pardo María , Illanes-Álvarez Francisco , Márquez Denisse , Cuesta-Sancho Sara , Girón-González José-Antonio
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work was to identify predictive factors of fibrosis regression after direct antiviral agents (DAAs) in HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. This was a prospective study of HCV-monoinfected (n = 20), HIV/HCV-co-infected (n = 66) patients and healthy controls (n = 15). Patients had started DAAs and achieved sustained virological response. Liver stiffness (LS) and serum concentrations of profibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) and antifibrotic HGF hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were analyzed at baseline (M0) and 12 months after starting DAAs (M12). A M12 LS achievement of ≤ 9.5 kPa was considered the cutoff point to discharge from a liver clinic. The LS decrease from M0 to M12 was 34%. No significant differences were observed in LS decline between HCV- and HIV/HCV-infected individuals. Changes of serum CXCL4, TGF-β1 and HGF levels did not correlate with LS improvement. 16 out from 56 patients (28%) with a baseline LS > 9.5 achieved a M12 LS ≤ 9.5. HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV coinfected patients experienced a significant reduction of LS after sustained virological response. This improvement did not correlate with changes in serum profibrotic or antifibrotic markers. A 29% of those with a baseline LS > 9.5 achieved a LS under this cutoff point.
Spatial heterogeneity of hepatic fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis vs. viral hepatitis assessed by MR elastography
Authors: Reiter Rolf , Shahryari Mehrgan , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Klatt Dieter , Siegmund Britta , Hamm Bernd , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Asbach Patrick
Published: May 2021

Spatial heterogeneity of hepatic fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in comparison to viral hepatitis was assessed as a potential new biomarker using MR elastography (MRE). In this proof-of-concept study, we hypothesized a rather increased heterogeneity in PSC and a rather homogeneous distribution in viral hepatitis. Forty-six consecutive subjects (PSC: n = 20, viral hepatitis: n = 26) were prospectively enrolled between July 2014 and April 2017. Subjects underwent multifrequency MRE (1.5 T) using drive frequencies of 35–60 Hz and generating shear-wave speed (SWS in m/s) maps as a surrogate of stiffness. The coefficient of variation (CV in %) was determined to quantify fibrosis heterogeneity. Mean SWS and CV were 1.70 m/s and 21% for PSC, and 1.84 m/s and 18% for viral hepatitis. Fibrosis heterogeneity was significantly increased for PSC (P = 0.04) while no difference was found for SWS of PSC and viral hepatitis (P = 0.17). Global hepatic stiffness was similar in PSC and viral hepatitis groups, but spatial heterogeneity may reveal spatial patterns of stiffness changes towards enhanced biophysics-based diagnosis by MRI.
Structure and antimicrobial activity of NCR169, a nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptide of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Isozumi Noriyoshi , Masubuchi Yuya , Imamura Tomohiro , Mori Masashi , Koga Hironori , Ohki Shinya
Published: May 2021

A model legume, Medicago truncatula, has over 600 nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides required for symbiosis with rhizobia. Among them, NCR169, an essential factor for establishing symbiosis, has four cysteine residues that are indispensable for its function. However, knowledge of NCR169 structure and mechanism of action is still lacking. In this study, we solved two NMR structures of NCR169 caused by different disulfide linkage patterns. We show that both structures have a consensus C-terminal β-sheet attached to an extended N-terminal region with dissimilar features; one moves widely, whereas the other is relatively stapled. We further revealed that the disulfide bonds of NCR169 contribute to its structural stability and solubility. Regarding the function, one of the NCR169 oxidized forms could bind to negatively charged bacterial phospholipids. Furthermore, the positively charged lysine-rich region of NCR169 may be responsible for its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Sinorhizobium meliloti. This active region was disordered even in the phospholipid bound state, suggesting that the disordered conformation of this region is key to its function. Morphological observations suggested the mechanism of action of NCR169 on bacteria. The present study on NCR169 provides new insights into the structure and function of NCR peptides.
Active microbial sulfate reduction in fluids of serpentinizing peridotites of the continental subsurface
Authors: Glombitza Clemens , Putman Lindsay I. , Rempfert Kaitlin R. , Kubo Michael D. , Schrenk Matthew O. , Templeton Alexis S. , Hoehler Tori M.
Published: May 2021

Serpentinization of peridotites in Earth’s mantle is associated with the generation of hydrogen and low molecular weight organics that could support subsurface life. Studies of microbial metabolisms in peridotite-hosted environments have focused primarily on methanogenesis, yet DNA sequences, isotopic composition of sulfides and thermodynamic calculations suggest there is potential for microbial sulfate reduction too. Here, we use a sulfate radiotracer-based method to quantify microbial sulfate reduction rates in serpentinization fluids recovered from boreholes in the Samail Ophiolite, Oman and the California Coast Range Ophiolite, USA. We find that low levels of sulfate reduction occur at pH up to 12.3. These low levels could not be stimulated by addition of hydrogen, methane or small organic acids, which indicates that this metabolism is limited by factors other than substrate availability. Cellular activity drops at pH > 10.5 which suggests that high fluid pH exerts a strong control on sulfate-reducing organisms in peridotites.
Porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework membranes for high-performance molecular separation
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Tian , Yin Qi , Liu Bai-Tong , Chen Jun-Yu , Wang Rui , Liu Tian-Fu
Published: May 2021

Hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) membranes with excellent separation performance have been successfully fabricated via thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) method.
Biobased superhydrophobic coating enabled by nanoparticle assembly
Authors: Olson Emily , Blisko Jonathan , Du Chuanshen , Liu Yi , Li Yifan , Thurber Henry , Curtzwiler Greg , Ren Juan , Thuo Martin , Yong Xin , Jiang Shan
Published: May 2021

A biobased waterborne coating formulation, consisting of silica nanoparticle assembly in hydroxyethyl cellulose, is utilized to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface with strong adhesion, even after extended water immersion.
A mussel-bioinspired multi-functional hyperbranched polymeric coating with integrated antibacterial and antifouling activities for implant interface modification
Authors: Xu Huilin , Cai Yusong , Chu Xing , Chu Hetao , Li Jianshu , Zhang Dongyue
Published: May 2021

On the basis of a function integrating strategy, a mussel-inspired hyperbranched polymeric coating with antibacterial and antifouling properties was ingeniously designed and synthesized for the interface modification of implants.
A rhodamine–naphthalimide–benzamide trichromophoric system with solid-state and multiple solvent dependent aggregate emissive properties
Authors: Sharma Hemant , Hearn Kyle N. , Ranieri Anna Maria , Caporale Chiara , Massi Massimiliano , Pfeffer Frederick M.
Published: May 2021

The readily synthesised rhodamine–naphthalimide–benzamide trichromophoric system forms unique AIE emissive species in DMSO solutions with traces of water (<1%) and high water content (>50%) and responds to pH changes in both solution and solid state.
Ultra-specific genotyping of single nucleotide variants by ligase-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a modified ligation probe
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Han Bingjie , Sun Fangfang
Published: May 2021

An artificial mismatched base introduced in a ligation probe can effectively reduce nonspecific ligation and improve the specificity for SNV assay.
A biocompatible polypyrrole membrane for biomedical applications
Authors: Cui Shujun , Mao Jifu , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Elkoun Saïd , Zhang Ze
Published: May 2021

A reinforced soft polypyrrole membrane.
PhI(OAc)2-mediated intramolecular oxidative C–N coupling and detosylative aromatization: an access to indolo[2,3-b]quinolines
Authors: Wang Quan-Bing , Tang Shi , Wang Ying-Jie , Yuan Yue , Chen Tieqiao , Jia Ai-Qun
Published: May 2021

Under mild conditions, PIDA mediated oxidant C–N coupling to afford indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives has been developed with a decent substrate scope.
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), green alternatives to petroleum-based plastics: a review
Authors: Naser Ahmed Z. , Deiab I. , Darras Basil M.
Published: May 2021

The dwindling nature, high price of petroleum, concerns about climate change, as well as the ever-growing population are all urging the plastics industries to adapt sustainable natural biopolymers solutions such as PLA and PHAs.
Impulse response function for Brownian motion
Authors: Makris Nicos
Published: May 2021

Motivated from the central role of the mean-square displacement and its second time-derivative – that is the velocity autocorrelation function in the description of Brownian motion, we revisit the physical meaning of its first time-derivative.
Tuning CO binding strengthviaengineering the copper/borophene interface for highly efficient conversion of CO into ethanol
Authors: He Tianwei , Tang Cheng , Puente Santiago Alain R. , Luque Rafael , Pan Hui , Du Aijun
Published: May 2021

A novel 1D/2D interface with asymmetric metal and nonmetal catalytic active sites is proposed to efficiently convert CO into C2+products.
Establishing structure/property relationships in atomically dispersed Co–Fe dual site M–Nx catalysts on microporous carbon for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Kai , Liu Jiapeng , Tang Zhenghua , Li Ligui , Wang Zheng , Zubair Muhammad , Ciucci Francesco , Thomsen Lars , Wright Joshua , Bedford Nicholas M.
Published: May 2021

Atomically dispersed Co–Fe dual sites on nitrogen doped microporous carbon are constructed for ORR with superior performance, while XAS, differential PDF dPDF and DFT studies reveal the relationship between the catalytic performance and the local chemical environment.
Manipulating crystals through photoexcitation-induced molecular realignment
Authors: Shen Shen , Baryshnikov Gleb , Yue Bingbing , Wu Bin , Li Xuping , Zhang Man , Ågren Hans , Zhu Liangliang
Published: May 2021

A photoexcitation-induced molecular realignment strategy is demonstrated to yield steady-state crystals with fluorescence–phosphorescence behavior.
A stringent upper limit of 20 pptv for methane on Mars and constraints on its dispersion outside Gale crater
Authors: Montmessin F. , Korablev O. I. , Trokhimovskiy A. , Lefèvre F. , Fedorova A. A. , Baggio L. , Irbah A. , Lacombe G. , Olsen K. S. , Braude A. S. , Belyaev D. A. , Alday J. , Forget F. , Daerden F. , Pla-Garcia J. , Rafkin S. , Wilson C. F. , Patrakeev A. , Shakun A. , Bertaux J. L.
Published: May 2021

Context. Reports on the detection of methane in the Martian atmosphere have motivated numerous studies aiming to confirm or explain its presence on a planet where it might imply a biogenic or more likely a geophysical origin.

Aims. Our intent is to complement and improve on the previously reported detection attempts by the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). This latter study reported the results of a campaign that was a few months in length, and was significantly hindered by a dusty period that impaired detection performances.

Methods. We unveil 640 solar occultation measurements gathering 1.44 Martian years worth of data produced by the ACS.

Results. No methane was detected. Probing the clear northern summer season allowed us to reach 1σ upper limits of around 10 pptv (20 pptv at 2σ), with an annual mean of the smallest upper limits of 20 pptv. Upper limits are controlled by the amount of dust in the atmosphere, which impairs detection performance around the equator and during the southern spring and summer seasons. Observations performed near Gale crater yielded 1σ upper limits of up to four times less than the background values measured by the Curiosity rover during the corresponding seasons.

Conclusions. Reconciliation of the absence of methane in the TGO spectra with the positive detections by Curiosity is even more difficult in light of this annual survey performed by ACS. Stronger constraints are placed on the physical and chemical mechanism capable of explaining why the mean of the best overall upper limits of ACS is ten times below the smallest methane abundances measured by Curiosity.
Magnetic field of the eclipsing binary UV Piscium
Authors: Hahlin A. , Kochukhov O. , Alecian E. , Morin J. ,   the BinaMIcS Collaboration
Published: May 2021

Aims. The goal of this work is to study magnetic fields of the cool, eclipsing binary star UV Piscium (UV Psc). This system contains two active late-type stars, UV Psc A (G5V) and B (K3V). To obtain a complete picture, the properties of both global and local magnetic field structures are studied for both components.

Methods. High-resolution intensity and circular polarisation spectra, collected in 2016 with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, were used to analyse the magnetic field of UV Psc. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio, the multi-line technique of least-squares deconvolution (LSD) was used to obtain average Stokes IV profiles. Then, a Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) code was employed to obtain the large-scale magnetic field topology and brightness distribution for both components of UV Psc. In addition, the small-scale magnetic fields, not visible to ZDI, were studied using the Zeeman intensification of Fe I lines.

Results. The orbital and fundamental parameters of the system were revised based on the new radial velocity measurements. Maps of the surface magnetic field for both components of UV Psc were obtained, the large-scale magnetic fields feature strong toroidal and non-axisymetric components. UV Psc A and B have average global field strengths of 137 G and 88 G, respectively. The small-scale fields are notably stronger, with average strengths of 2.5 and 2.2 kG, respectively. Only ∼5% of the total magnetic field strength is recovered with ZDI. Our results are in agreement with previous studies of partly-convective stars. Overall, UV Psc A has a stronger magnetic field compared to UV Psc B. Due to the eclipsing binary geometry, certain magnetic field features are not detectable using circular polarisation only. An investigation into theoretical linear polarisation profiles shows that they could be used to reveal antisymmetric components of the magnetic field. This result also has implications for the study of exoplanetary transit hosts. The successful use of Zeeman intensification shows the method’s ability to extract information on magnetic fields for stars rotating significantly more rapidly than in previous studies.
Design and Optimal Clearing Model of Inter-Regional and Inter-Provincial Power Trading Mechanism Considering Network Constraints
Authors: Gao Chuncheng , Shi Shuhong , Yuan Mingzhu , Tan Hao , Kang Nan
Published: May 2021

The current inter-regional and inter-provincial power trading is organized by transaction path, and the buyers and sellers are the two regions or provinces through the transaction path, and the bidding range is small, which cannot optimize the allocation of resources in inter-provincial power trading, and it is difficult to break the provincial and regional barriers, therefore, this paper proposes the inter-regional and inter-provincial power market Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal clearing model for inter-regional and inter-provincial power market, which can expand the scope and scale of trading, realize sufficient market competition, give full play to the role of inter-regional and inter-provincial power trading, and realize the optimal allocation of energy resources in a larger scale, taking into account the network constraints.
Dynamic Phasor Modelling of LCC-HVDC System Based on a Practical Project
Authors: Li Huan , Qin Kang
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a detailed dynamic phasor modeling process of a line-commutated converter-based HVDC (LCC-HVDC) system. Firstly, the dynamic phasor models of the single-ended LCC rectifier station, inverter station and the DC line are established, respectively. Secondly, LCC-HVDC is an AC-DC-AC system. The interfaces are explained to connect the converter stations with the DC line. Through block modeling, it is helpful to simplify the process and verify the accuracy of each block. Finally, based on a practical project, the model is compared with the electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the accuracy of the dynamic phasor model.
Research on Vulnerability Identification Algorithm of Power Grid Based on Complex Network
Authors: Huang Jian , Li Chajuan , Wang Yanqi , Guo Ping , Wang Jing
Published: May 2021

This paper mainly studies the vulnerability of node combination of two kinds of networks, and verifies whether all networks can use the pinning control optimization point selection algorithm. One is the primitive network, in which the nodes correspond to the components in the power grid, and the other is the dual network, in which the nodes are mapped to the nodes of the dual model, It is mapped as an edge, and then the vulnerability of node combination is studied by containment control theory. In the experiment, IEEE57 nodes are used to study the original network, and different combination nodes are used to attack the original network to study the vulnerability. By studying the dual network with IEEE14 nodes, it is found that the eigenvalues of the residual matrix after deleting the control nodes are all zero. Therefore, the dual model of power grid can not use the pinning control theory, and it further shows that not any network can use the pinning control theory to select points.
Research on the error probability distribution of photovoltaic output prediction based on output fluctuation characteristics and Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Yan Peng , Xiang Chenmeng , Zhou Wen , Su Can
Published: May 2021

Photovoltaic power output forecast error exists objectively and inevitably, and it can provide a guarantee for safe and stable operation of the power system through analyzing its characteristics. In this paper, the influence of predicted output fluctuation characteristics (predicted output amplitude and power variation) on prediction error was studied based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The prediction error conditions were classified into six types based on the clustering of numerical characteristics of predicted output. Then, a Generalized Gaussian Mixture Model (GGMM) was proposed to fit the prediction error distribution of each type of photovoltaic output. The mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used as accuracy evaluation indexes. The example analysis showed that the GGMM can satisfy the asymmetry and kurtosis diversity of the error distribution after division by conditions, and the fitting result is better than that of the normal distribution, improved Laplace distribution and t Location-Scale distribution model.
Integrated Energy System Planning Method Considering Integrated Demand Response and Reliability Constraints
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Xuxia , Wang Yao , Liang Yan , Hu Yingying , Li Jia , Liu Hongli , Zheng Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

At present, most comprehensive energy planning methods aim at economy. A distributed integrated energy system planning method considering reliability and integrated demand response is proposed. This method considers that IDR can effectively realize the peak valley cutting of load characteristics, improve the system economy, and increase the reliability constraint penalty cost to make it more realistic. The example results show that the proposed method can consider the economy and reliability of configuration results under different conditions, and realize the selection of equipment.
Location planning of distributed energy stations based on improved P-median model
Authors: Meng Zhengji , Hao Xiaoguang , Liu Shiyan , Li Jianfeng
Published: May 2021

The integrated energy system creates the possibility for the interconnection and coordination of different energy sources, and is an effective means to improve the energy use of the system, increase energy efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution. At present, the planning of distributed energy stations for integrated energy systems mostly focuses on equipment selection and equipment capacity. However, there are relatively few studies on the location of energy stations and pipeline layout planning. Firstly, this paper proposes a distributed energy station location method based on the improved p-median model, which combines the energy supply path of the energy station with the actual transportation network, and introduces the weight coefficient of multi energy load to reflect the diversity of energy demand of load. Finally, the specific solution method is given, and the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by an example.
Economic Analysis of Heat Pump Recovery System for Circulating Water Waste Heat in Power Plant
Authors: Wang Ze , Shen Honghong , Gu Qunyin , Wen Daoyuan , Liu Gang , Gao Weijun , Ren Jianxing
Published: May 2021

The use of heat pump technology to recover the waste heat of circulating water from the power plant instead of steam extraction for heating can not only improve the thermal efficiency of the unit and reduce the loss of cold source, but also has great advantages in energy saving. This paper uses absorption and compression heat pumps to recover the waste heat of circulating water in the power plant to study its energy-saving benefits. Under the same heating load, the economics of the two heat pumps are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the energy-saving benefits of absorption heat pump units are far greater than compression units. But in terms of water saving, the water saving capacity of the compression heat pump unit is higher than that of the absorption heat pump.
Resilience Assessment for HDG under Extreme Events
Authors: Wang Saiyi , He Weiguo , Shen Haodong , Xu Tangyun , Zhou Shichao , Chen Jie , Zhao Yingying
Published: May 2021

The resilience assessment method of hybrid AC-DC distribution grid is the key and basis of measuring the tolerance of the distribution network in face of extreme events and testing the effect of the resilience improvement strategy of the distribution network. This paper fully considers the characteristics of different extreme natural disasters and proposes a targeted resilience assessment method. For natural disasters, the fault rate model of the line under the influence of the disaster is constructed, and the fault set is generated based on Monte Carlo sampling. According to the operating characteristics, a set of evaluation indicators focusing on the core characteristics of resilience, including capability of strain, defense and recoverability, is constructed. The objective weight of each indicator and the comprehensive assessment results are obtained based relatively on the entropy weight method and the approximate ideal solution sorting method.
A Data Encryption and Approximate Recovery Strategy Based on Double Random Sorting and CGAN
Authors: Liu Dong , Wang Haoda , Liu Quanhong , Zhou Yuangang
Published: May 2021

The measurement data in the power system may be attacked and tampered during the transmission. For this problem, a data encryption and approximate recovery strategy based on double random sorting and CGAN is proposed. The double random sorting encryption algorithm is proposed based on the form of measurement data in plaintext. The randomness of pseudo-random number, random sequence and random sequence insertion will ensure the uncertainty of data block number, sorting order and insertion location of random sequence, which will definitely improve the security of measurement data. Besides, an approximate recovery strategy used to approximately recovery abnormal samples is proposed on the base of CGAN, which can ensure the accuracy of decryption. Finally, the feasibility, and effectiveness of the proposed method are analyzed on wind power and photovoltaic power historical dataset.
Coordinated Planning of Electricity/gas/storage Distribution Network Based on LSTM and Demand Response
Authors: Xu Yongming , Ding Xi , Xu Jianxun , Li Yunqian , Ma Xueyu , Guo Chuangxin
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a collaborative planning method of an electricity-gas-storage regional integrated energy system based on LSTM neural network and demand response. First, the LSTM Neural network is used for load forecasting, and the energy hub structure of the electric gas storage system is established. Then, the mathematical models of power storage, gas storage, electric network topology, gas network topology, and P2G are established to minimize the expansion cost of the electricity-gas-storage system, and the collaborative planning of energy storage, power lines, and natural gas pipelines is proposed based on the existing electric gas coupling integrated energy system. The original model which is difficult to solve is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model by introducing auxiliary variables, and the CPLEX solver is called to solve it. Finally, the economic advantages of collaborative planning of electricity-gas-storage system are verified by an example, and the connection of power storage and gas storage can reduce system pressure and optimize equipment selection.
A non-intrusive load identification algorithm based on deep learning and a compound feature
Authors: Jiang Tong , Bai Ruyu
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the limitations of using a single feature for load identification, a non-intrusive load identification algorithm based on deep learning and compound features is proposed. The pixelated V-I trajectory characteristics and current harmonic characteristics are extracted by analyzing the load data under high-frequency sampling. Using the feature extraction capabilities of neural networks, the combination of pixelated V-I trajectory features and current harmonic features is realized. Finally, the composite feature is used as the new load feature to train the neural network for non-invasive load identification. The experimental results show that the two-layer neural network constructed by the algorithm can take advantage of the complementarity between the two features, thereby improving the load identification ability.
Two Level Control Strategy for Independent AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Based on Integrated Control
Authors: Liu Hanmin , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Shouxiang , Liu Qi , Zhang Guozhong , Tian Yunfeng , Shen Yu , Zhao Qianyu
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the independent AC/DC microgrid, a simple and effective multi time scale control strategy is proposed by adopting the combination of day ahead scheduling and real-time control. The day ahead scheduling strategy takes the minimum operation cost of AC/DC microgrid as the goal, and schedules the controllable loads in the AC/DC microgrid with particle swarm optimization, which makes full use of renewable energy. The real-time control strategy controls the output of the distributed generation, the load reduction and the switching of the diesel generator according to the real-time energy storage state of charge (SOC), which keep the power balance of the AC/DC microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed two-level control strategy is verified by a practical AC/DC hybrid microgrid. The results show that the proposed method can make full use of renewable energy and ensure the economic and reliable operation of AC/DC hybrid microgrid.