bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population bursts in a modular neural network as a mechanism for synchronized activity in KNDy neurons
Authors: Blanco Wilfredo , Tabak Joel , Bertram Richard
Published: July 2024

The pulsatile activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons (GnRH neurons) is a key factor in the regulation of reproductive hormones. This pulsatility is orchestrated by a network of neurons that release the neurotransmitters kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin (KNDy neurons), and produce episodic bursts of activity driving the GnRH neurons. We show in this computational study that the features of coordinated KNDy neuron activity can be explained by a neural network in which connectivity among neurons is modular. That is, a network structure consisting of clusters of highly-connected neurons with sparse coupling among the clusters. This modular structure, with distinct parameters for intracluster and intercluster coupling, also yields predictions for the differential effects on synchronization of changes in the coupling strength within clusters versus between clusters.
Probabilistic neural transfer function estimation with Bayesian system identification
Authors: Wu Nan , Valera Isabel , Sinz Fabian , Ecker Alexander , Euler Thomas , Qiu Yongrong
Published: July 2024

Neural population responses in sensory systems are driven by external physical stimuli. This stimulus-response relationship is typically characterized by receptive fields, which have been estimated by neural system identification approaches. Such models usually require a large amount of training data, yet, the recording time for animal experiments is limited, giving rise to epistemic uncertainty for the learned neural transfer functions. While deep neural network models have demonstrated excellent power on neural prediction, they usually do not provide the uncertainty of the resulting neural representations and derived statistics, such as most exciting inputs (MEIs), from in silico experiments. Here, we present a Bayesian system identification approach to predict neural responses to visual stimuli, and explore whether explicitly modeling network weight variability can be beneficial for identifying neural response properties. To this end, we use variational inference to estimate the posterior distribution of each model weight given the training data. Tests with different neural datasets demonstrate that this method can achieve higher or comparable performance on neural prediction, with a much higher data efficiency compared to Monte Carlo dropout methods and traditional models using point estimates of the model parameters. At the same time, our variational method provides us with an effectively infinite ensemble, avoiding the idiosyncrasy of any single model, to generate MEIs. This allows us to estimate the uncertainty of stimulus-response function, which we have found to be negatively correlated with the predictive performance at model level and may serve to evaluate models. Furthermore, our approach enables us to identify response properties with credible intervals and to determine whether the inferred features are meaningful by performing statistical tests on MEIs. Finally, in silico experiments show that our model generates stimuli driving neuronal activity significantly better than traditional models in the limited-data regime.
A fast adaptive spatio-temporal fusion method to enhanced Fit-FC
Authors: Jiang YueSheng , Yang Kun , Shang ChunXue , Luo Yi
Published: July 2024

Space-time fusion is an economical and efficient way to solve "space-time contradiction". Among all kinds of space-time fusion methods, Fit-FC space-time fusion method based on weight Function is widely used. However, this method is based on the linear model to depict the phase change, but the phase change in the real scene is complicated, and the linear model is difficult to accurately capture the phase change, resulting in the spectral distortion of the fusion image. In addition, pixel-by-pixel scanning with moving Windows leads to inefficiency issues, limiting its use in large-scale and long-term tasks. To overcome these limitations, this paper developed a simple and fast adaptive remote sensing image Spatio-Temporal fusion method based on Fit-FC, called Adapt Lasso-Fit-FC (AL-FF). Firstly, the sparse characteristics of time phase change between images are explored, and a time phase change estimation model based on sparse regression is constructed, which overcomes the fuzzy problem of fusion image caused by the failure of linear regression to capture complex nonlinear time phase transition in the weighted Function method, making the algorithm better at capturing details. Secondly, an adaptive window selection Function is established to overcome the problem of manually setting parameters on different data sets, improve the convenience of the algorithm and robustness of the application on different data sets, and make the algorithm simpler and more efficient. Finally, the improved AL-FF algorithm is compared with other algorithms to verify the performance improvement. Compared with the current advanced Spatio-Temporal fusion methods, AL-FF algorithm has stronger detail capture ability and can generate more accurate fusion results. In addition, the computational efficiency is significantly improved, and the efficiency is increased by more than 20 times compared with the current mainstream method.
Research on China insurance demand forecasting: Based on mixed frequency data model
Authors: Wang Cheng , Xu Mengnan , Wang Zheng , Sun Wenjing
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we introduce the mixed-frequency data model (MIDAS) to China’s insurance demand forecasting. We select the monthly indicators Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), China Economic Policy Uncertainty Index (EPU), Consumer Price Index (PPI), and quarterly indicator Depth of Insurance (TID) to construct a Mixed Data Sampling (MIDAS) regression model, which is used to study the impact and forecasting effect of CCI, EPU, and PPI on China’s insurance demand. To ensure forecasting accuracy, we investigate the forecasting effects of the MIDAS models with different weighting functions, forecasting windows, and a combination of forecasting methods, and use the selected optimal MIDAS models to forecast the short-term insurance demand in China. The experimental results show that the MIDAS model has good forecasting performance, especially in short-term forecasting. Rolling window and recursive identification prediction can improve the prediction accuracy, and the combination prediction makes the results more robust. Consumer confidence is the main factor influencing the demand for insurance during the COVID-19 period, and the demand for insurance is most sensitive to changes in consumer confidence. Shortly, China’s insurance demand is expected to return to the pre-COVID-19 level by 2023Q2, showing positive development. The findings of the study provide new ideas for China’s insurance policymaking.
Effects of dry bio-slurry and nitrogen fertilizer on potato and wheat yields under rotation cropping system
Authors: Addis Zelalem , Amare Tadele , Kerebih Bitewlgn , Abewa Anteneh , Feyisa Tesfaye , Awoke Abrham , Tenagne Abere
Published: July 2024

Integrated nutrient management and crop rotation are important farming practices, which enhance the nutrient use efficiency of crops and reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests. The study was carried out to address the gap in using integrated nutrient management in crop rotation systems for soil qualities and crop yield improvement. That was done by adjusting the balance ratio of dry bio-slurry and nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment was containing ten levels; Control (0,0), recommended nitrogen, 50% dry-bio slurry, 100% dry-bio slurry, 75% dry-bio slurry, 75% dry-bio slurry+25% recommended nitrogen, 50% dry-bio slurry+50% recommended nitrogen, 25% dry-bio slurry+75% recommended nitrogen, 100% dry-bio slurry + 25% recommended nitrogen and 100% dry-bio slurry + 50% recommended nitrogen that was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications for three years. The data on soil properties and yield components of potatoes and wheat were collected and analyzed using statistical analysis system software 9.4. An application of dry bio-slurry with nitrogen fertilizer was significantly affected both crop yield and soil properties in the rotation system. The application of 25% dry bio-slurry with 75% recommended nitrogen gave the highest tuber yield of potato (27.6 tha-1) as compared to control. Similarly, using 100% and 75% sole dry bio-slurry resulted in the highest grain yield (3.85 tha-1) and above-ground biomass (9.59 tha-1) of wheat. The combination of 25% dry bio-slurry with 75% recommended nitrogen scored the highest net benefit (2889.2 US$) with an acceptable marginal return (4463.3%) via by improving crops yield in the system. So, an application of 25% dry bio-slurry with 75% recommended nitrogen could be promoted for yield-soil improvement in the study area and similar agroecology.
Effects of short inter-pregnancy/birth interval on adverse perinatal outcomes in Asia-Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hassen Tahir Ahmed , Harris Melissa L. , Shifti Desalegn Markos , Beyene Tesfalidet , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Feyissa Tesfaye Regassa , Chojenta Catherine
Published: July 2024

Background

Short inter-pregnancy or birth interval is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, some emerging evidence questions this association and there are also inconsistencies among the existing findings. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence regarding the effect of short inter-pregnancy or birth intervals on adverse perinatal outcomes in the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods

A comprehensive search of five databases was conducted targeting studies published between 2000 to 2023. Studies that reported on short inter-pregnancy or birth interval and examined adverse perinatal outcomes, such as low birthweight (LBW) preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and neonatal mortality were included and appraised for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Three reviewers independently screened the studies and performed data extraction. Narrative synthesis and meta-analyses were conducted to summarise the key findings.

Results

A total of 41 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. A short-interpregnancy interval was associated with an increased risk of low birthweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95%CI:1.39, 1.95), preterm birth (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.35, 1.66), and small for gestational age (OR = 1.24; 95%CI:1.09, 1.41). We also found elevated odds of early neonatal mortality (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.11, 3.29) and neonatal mortality (OR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.25, 2.55) among women with short birth intervals.

Conclusion

This review indicates that both short inter-pregnancy and birth interval increased the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This underscores the importance of advocating for and implementing strategies to promote optimal pregnancy and birth spacing to reduce the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes. Reproductive health policies and programs need to be further strengthened and promote access to comprehensive family planning services and increase awareness about the importance of optimal pregnancy and birth spacing.
Bonnie Bennett and the beyond: An exploration of one representation of the afterlife in The Vampire Diaries
Authors: Wilson Amy Williams
Published: July 2024

The contemporary vampire story is an apt place to explore immortality, the afterlife and other dimensions in general. Additionally, there are numerous parallels between the vampire story and the Christian story. The vampire’s ‘maker’, for example, can be compared to God, also known as ‘maker’, and a vampire’s immortality offers a relevant parallel to the Christian idea of immortality in the afterlife. The CW network series The Vampire Diaries (2009–17) houses various narratives offering such comparisons, especially with regards to alternative dimensions (‘worlds’) that can potentially be construed as commentary on the afterlife. Interestingly, though, I believe that the most compelling narrative in this regard involves the witch Bonnie Bennett and not an actual vampire. Also interestingly, Bonnie often seems to hold more power than the vampires, even though she is not necessarily immortal (she is, however, considered a supernatural being). She perpetually saves her friends throughout the series, regularly willing to sacrifice her life for theirs and actually dies in Season 4 in effort to bring Jeremy Gilbert back to life. She embodies the New Testament verse in the book of John that states, ‘[g]reater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends’. Despite that she is dead, she lives in a concurrent dimension, and only Jeremy is aware of her and can hear her. She is with him in the present. I posit that the storyline pertaining to Bonnie’s character and her death in Seasons 4 and 5 in particular offers a possible and even compelling read on the biblical description of heaven and the afterlife – and God on the whole – per Judeo-Christian scripture and scriptural interpretation.
Ads from HELL: Complaining about the use of religion in advertising
Authors: Fastnedge Daniel , Gould Melissa L.
Published: July 2024

HELL Pizza’s advertising is characterized by its provocative art, audacious copy and bold tactics that relishes in its hellish reputation. Rather than merely relying on attention-grabbing stunts, the brand employs strategies that tap into the deep-seated cultural norms of its audience. Often deemed controversial, HELL’s advertising elicits strong public reactions, serving as a mirror reflecting the evolving cultural and moral sensitivities and the place of Christianity in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article critically examines the official complaints about the use of religious references in HELL’s advertising to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Using thematic analysis, we analyse how ‘offense’ and references to Christianity are navigated by the public complainant, the ASA and the brand, in 79 rulings between 2005 and 2021. We conclude that while the brand consistently negotiates a fine line between edgy humour and potential offense, the ASA rulings suggest a societal trend leaning towards freedom of artistic expression, even when intertwined with religious undertones, particularly when a brand has a well-established identity.
The big picture: Objectives, strategies, attributes, financing, participants, leaders and the significance of educational theatre programmes in Hungary
Authors: Cziboly Ádám , Bethlenfalvy Ádám
Published: July 2024

During the second half of the 2012–13 theatre season, we mapped all then-existing educational theatre practices in Hungary against a standardized set of criteria. We contacted a total of 298 institutions and observed 118 programmes in person. For each programme, we collected data from six sources: children or youth participating in the programmes; teachers accompanying the participants; organizational contact persons; creators/performers of the programmes; observing of the programmes by independent observers; and secondary research on the internet. In this article, we present the descriptive statistical analysis of the findings. Areas covered include the role and significance of educational theatre; programme financing; participants and programme admission; number and length of sessions; programme venues; strategies and interactivity; aims and objectives; impacts; opinions; and relevance.
What Computers Still Can’t Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason, Hubert Dreyfus (1972)
Authors: Corr Matt
Published: July 2024

Review of: What Computers Still Can’t Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason, Hubert Dreyfus (1972)

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 354 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-26254-067-4, p/bk, $13.95
Rebels and criminals on the small screen: How Swedish youth delinquency film turns televisual in the 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Vesterlund Per
Published: July 2024

From the mid-1940s until the early 1960s, youth delinquency was such a frequent motif in Swedish cinema that it was almost regarded as a genre of its own. This article investigates how the theme survived in Swedish television in the 1960s, focusing on three case studies, Trängningen (‘The squeeze’) (1962), Väcka åtal (‘Prosecution’) (1970) and Konfrontation (‘Confrontation’) (1969).
Incursões na edição engajada em Portugal: análise exploratória do catálogo da Ulmeiro
Authors: Melo Daniel
Published: July 2024

This text seeks to address publisher and bookseller catalogues as central primary sources with a view to discussing the historiography of the book and of publishing. The aim of this work is to understand and explore these documents as strategic resources that acknowledge editorial and bookseller projects, the attraction of readers, the circulation of the respective printed materials and the organization of content.
To this end, we will endeavour to analyse and problematize catalogues for publishing houses and booksellers. The catalogues of Ulmeiro bookstore-distributor and publishing house will be the object of our research, as it represents a certain publishing and book-handling tendency, linked to political books but also to resistance and counterculture publishing in a broader sense, ie, publishing which is politically engaged in the various dimensions, adopting a position that is interventionist, alternative and of protest. A qualitative discussion approach will be adopted, contextualizing Portuguese publishing and the international publishing contexts, with a view to identifying the most striking features, but including quantitative information, as it can help to clarify some features of our study or reveal others.
For this purpose, specific updated bibliography from different sources will be used.
We hope this contribution will help to bridge the gap in research on this topic of publishing studies in the Portuguese context.
Os Jesuítas e o Budismo na China
Um manuscrito enviado de Pequim para imprimir em Goa (década de 1680)
Authors: Pina Isabel Murta
Published: July 2024

In China, by the late sixteenth century, the association of Christianity with Buddhism was succeeded by its rejection, though it meant that Jesuit missionaries had devoted some attention to Buddhism. Nevertheless, after defining the crucial aspects of anti-Buddhist argument, a lack of interest for its doctrine and canonical texts quickly prevailed, which was the opposite process of what happened with Confucianism. The superficial and repeated nature of the information provided by missionaries to their European audiences about Buddhism also mirrored this lack of interest. However, in the 1680s, a small treatise on the life of Siddhārta Gautama appeared breaking away with this pattern. This narrative was prepared in Beijing by Tomás Pereira, following the request of his confrere Fernão Queirós living in Goa. This detailed account is, to the best of our knowledge, the first biography of the historical Buddha composed in a European language based on a Chinese book. Pereira’s text, despite its originality, would end up having an irrelevant impact, since the manuscript sent from Beijing to Goa was included, as planned, in the Conquista Temporal e Espiritual de Ceylão, but as this work remained unpublished until the beginning of the twentieth century, so did Pereira’s manuscript.
Gabriel Alonso de Herrera: o jardineiro que escreveu um tratado de agricultura
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Duarte
Published: July 2024

In the very particular context of Granada, after it was conquered from the Moors by the Catholic Monarchs, Gabriel Alonso de Herrera, a priest with a passion for gardening, wrote the Libro de Agricultura (1513), under the patronage of Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros. From an analysis of his biography and what the author discusses in his book,
we will show that Herrera is a hybrid case between a “superior artisan” and a natural philosopher. In addition, by focusing on agronomy, this study illustrates how classical, Christian and Islamic cultures converged in the Iberian Peninsula.
Estrategias de descortesía verbal sexista hacia Irene Montero en los comentarios de Twitter (X)
Authors: Melero Carnero Laura
Published: July 2024

Twitter, también conocido actualmente como X, es una red social que permite la publicación y difusión rápida de mensajes breves de 280 caracteres. Sin embargo, a pesar de que su idea principal es compartir ideas entre miembros de la comunidad, en ocasiones se dan agresiones verbales hacia otros miembros. Actualmente uno de los colectivos que está recibiendo ataques es el de las mujeres, especialmente las que representan cargos públicos, como son las políticas. A partir del marco de la descortesía verbal, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los mecanismos descorteses que emplea la comunidad de Twitter para atacar a las políticas. En este caso, nos centramos en Irene Montero, ministra de Igualdad del Gobierno de la XIV Legislatura de España, quien ha recibido numerosas críticas en su mandato por sus políticas de igualdad y por sus discursos en defensa del feminismo. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se ha diseñado un corpus con una muestra de 1356 comentarios procedentes de los tuits más destacados de Montero, escritos entre 2020 y 2023. A continuación, mediante Sketch Engine, se analiza cuantitativamente los términos descorteses más frecuentes en el corpus a la hora de descalificar a la ministra. Por otra parte, atendiendo a los tipos de descortesía, pretendemos averiguar cualitativamente qué estrategias de descortesía son más frecuentes para descalificarla. Los resultados mostraron que el sexismo y el uso del morfema inclusivo –e son componentes que están presentes en los términos y en las estrategias descorteses, con los que se ridiculiza su discurso o se hace referencias al hecho de ser, en su momento, la pareja del ex vicepresidente del Gobierno y ex dirigente de Unidas Podemos, Pablo Iglesias.
España y Francia en el siglo XIX (1810-1890). La clase, el género y la profesión de médico: representación visual en el espejo del discurso profesional
Authors: Martykánová Darina , Gilarranz-Ibáñez Ainhoa , Núñez García Víctor Manuel
Published: July 2024

El artículo analiza las representaciones de los médicos en la cultura visual decimonónica en España y en Francia. El análisis de las imágenes, que estaban en gran parte fuera del control de los profesionales, refleja bien las grandes transformaciones en la profesión y en la ciencia médica (prestamos más atención a la primera vertiente) y también las grandes tensiones internas en la profesión durante aquella época: el afán de situarse como individuos y como colectivo entre as élites sociales, la oscilación entre el énfasis en el heroísmo desinteresado y la voluntad y necesidad de reclamar honorarios dignos de un caballero, las pugnas en torno al lugar que debían ocupar las mujeres en e campo de la salud. Desde una perspectiva comparada y transnacional, el artículo moviliza la cultura visual para entender el lugar de clase social y de género en la transformación de la medicina no tanto como ciencia, sino como profesión.
Bioactive compounds and physico-chemical characteristics of guavas bagged with different materials
Authors: Barreto Caroline Farias , Kirinus Marines Batalha Moreno , Silva Pricila Santos da , Martins Carlos Roberto , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa
Published: July 2024

There are several alternatives to bags used for field fruit bagging but little is known about their management in the orchards and the influence of the materials on the phytochemicals and on the physicochemical properties of the fruits after harvest. This study aimed at evaluating fruit bagging with different materials regarding its management and interference in bioactive compounds and physico-chemical features of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’, which were cultivated in an organic farming system. The experiment was carried in Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 harvests. Guavas underwent the following treatments: no bagging (witness); non-woven fabric (TNT); kraft paper; white paper and transparent perforated polyethylene. The following fruit quality variables were analyzed: total phenols; antioxidant activity; carotenoids; peel color; soluble solids; pH; and titratable acidity. This study found that bagging materials interfered both in the phenol content and in the antioxidant activity of the three guava cultivars even though they did not affect pulp carotenoids. Fruit bagging with TNT and transparent perforated polyethylene provided more resistance against weather adversities. Bagging of guava cultivars ‘Paluma’, ‘Século XXI’ and ‘Pedro Sato’ changed the phytochemical and physicochemical features of the fruits.
Fertigation of arugula crops grown in saline soils
Authors: Torres Márcia Batista , Lima Antônio Fábio da Silva , Souza Maria Vanessa Pires de , Sousa Alan Bernard de Oliveira , Taniguchi Carlos Alberto Kenji , Silva Alexsandro Oliveira da
Published: July 2024

Arugula is a leafy vegetable that has been standing out in terms of consumption due to its nutritional content. The crop has low tolerance to water salinity (ECw), and information on the management of fertilization in saline environments is scarce. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the nutritional aspects of arugula under different soil salinity levels and fertilization doses via fertigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during two production cycles in 2021 in a randomized block design and a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four soil salinity levels (ECse = 0.57, 1.3, 2.3, and 3.3 dS m−1) and three doses of a mineral fertilizer based on the recommended fertilization via fertigation (F1 = 100%, F2 = 50%, and F3 = 25%). The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn were evaluated after harvesting. Salinity directly affected the concentration of mineral elements in arugula leaf during the first cycle, mainly Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn. The fertigation strategy with 100% of the recommended fertilization showed better results than the other doses for N, P, K, and S. In the second cycle, all elements showed a reduction due to the high ECse, mainly the value of 3.3 dS m−1. The fertigation strategy that used 100% of the recommended fertilization promoted higher nutrient accumulation in arugula. The order of nutrient accumulation in arugula leaf was K>N>Ca>S>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu.
Turning the project of dictatorship into an example of democracy? Chances and risks of participation at the Nazi relic Prora
Authors: Rietmann Florian
Published: July 2024

This article explores a participatory process organised to deal with the highly contested former Nazi project Prora on the Baltic island of Rügen. It was carried out on behalf of the German government in 1996. The participatory process was an exceptional way of dealing with a heritage that remains difficult for Germany to this day. Key aspects shifted in Prora as a result of the procedure: away from the ideal of conscientious and careful conservation of the building as a memorial to past dictatorships and towards an active process of highlighting, rejecting and changing qualities of Prora for the construction of a new and alternative future. The main focus shifted from memory work to different present-day demands of the local population and the associated future scenarios for their island. The article argues that during the participatory process Prora was a real-life laboratory in which many things were tried out that were to become important pioneering approaches in heritage management over the next two decades. However, the participatory process in Prora is not only an impressive example of the potential that lies in such approaches; as an experiment it also points to new problems that are associated with them.
Land Use in the Andes from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to 1950
Authors: Cuvi Nicolas , Viera Delfín
Published: July 2024

This is a story about the complex relationship between biomass and human beings, told through their shared becoming into plantations or locations of extractivisms in the tropical Andes. Barks, trunks, resins, flowers, fruits, seabird droppings, feathers, or mammalian meat and skins are some of the actors of this narrative. Submitted through greater or lesser violence, with axes, saws, or other technologies for extraction or domestication, medicines, textile fibers, food, gums, dyes, fertilizers, stimulants, as well as museum and decorative objects were obtained from these and other non-human actors. To do so, human beings had to deal with uncertainty in the form of climate changes, pests, fluctuating markets, among other difficulties. They also built relationships of subjugation towards each other, marked by the construction of otherness and dispossession, on different scales: local, national, regional, global. And there were those who questioned servile relationships and the destruction of nature, determined to transform them through policies. This chapter concentrates on the land use change processes in the four countries that occupy most of the tropical Andes: Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia (leaving aside the other tropical Andean territories of Chile, Argentina, and Venezuela).
A Interpretação do SNI em relação às associações religiosaas empenhadas na questão indígena durante a Ditadura Militar (1964-1985)
Authors: Piovani Luan , Lanza Fabio , Neves Júnior José Wilson Assis , Correia João Pedro Pereira e , Vandresen Guilherme Heerdt
Published: July 2024

O Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI) foi o principal órgão de vigilância estratégica durante a ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985). Em um levantamento prévio dos arquivos inéditos do SNI disponibilizados no Núcleo de Documentação e Pesquisa Histórica (NDPH) da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), foi identificada a preocupação do órgão com três diferentes entidades religiosas associadas às questões indígenas: Associação das Igrejas do Cristianismo Decidido; Associação Nacional de Apoio ao Indígena (ANAI); e Conselho Indigenista Missionário (CIMI), o qual identificavam como potencialmente subversiva. Pretende-se, dessa forma, aprofundar-se nos documentos do SNI e expor sua visão sobre a relação entre o órgão investigativo da ditadura e os grupos supracitados, identificando quais ações buscavam tomar e como entendiam o elo entre os mesmos e as populações originárias. Analisa-se neste trabalho tanto a perspectiva do governo brasileiro da época sobre os povos indígenas quanto as diferentes associações que estes fizeram para resistir às opressões historicamente sofridas e ampliadas naquele momento pela falta de amparo da sua principal entidade, a Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI).
Editorial
Authors: Lenine Tito Tolentino Thiago
Published: July 2024

Editorial do Dossiê "Educação, Religião e Religiosidade: conexões histórico-sociais", publicado no Volume 37, nº 1 de 2024, da Revista Cadernos de Pesquisa do CDHIS.
Veiled intent or advancing children’s right to education? The legality of payments for extra lessons in Zimbabwe’s education system
Authors: Sibanda Sibanda ,   University of the Western Cape
Published: July 2024

Extra lessons in Zimbabwe were initially designed by the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education to assist learners with lagging aspects of their formal school learning areas. However, in the past few years, extra lessons have taken a new dimension, including the intent to reinforce a learner’s knowledge and ability to understand lessons taught. Although payment for extra lessons in the formal education setting was declared illegal by the government, the practice continues to be a challenge in Zimbabwe as payments are still demanded for extra lessons conducted in and outside the school premises. The situation worsened due to the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in some teachers taking advantage of the prolonged schools closure and conducting extra lessons in their homes wherein parents and guardians had to pay a certain amount for their children to undertake these extra lessons. Extra lessons have become a mixture of entrepreneurship and exploitation, with many parents failing to afford and some children missing out.
Influence of the speed of stretching the rolled strip on the occurrence of self-oscillations of the tension station of the cold rolling mill 2000.
Authors: Krasnov M.L. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russia, Kachurin P.L. , Vishnyakov S.G. , Chernjavsky А.O. , Vasilyev V.A. , Savchenko Yu.I. , Nitskiy A.Yu. , Ivanov A.I. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russia,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk, Russia,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk, Russia,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russia,   Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation,   SIGMA Scientific and Technical Center, Chelyabinsk, Russia
Published: July 2024

The self-oscillations of the roller of the tension station of the loop accumulator of the cold rolling mill lead to the appearance of cracks on the outer surfaces of the roller during operation. In order to determine the causes of self-oscillations of the crack, we conducted a screening industrial experiment to assess the influence of technological and diagnostic parameters on the state of the tension station of the etching unit of mill 2000. The database of technological and vibration parameters of the mill and the roller of the tension station is a single hybrid database combined with a graphical shell. An industrial experiment is, as a rule, a passive experiment. It is an experiment in which the experimenter does not have the opportunity to interfere in the process of conducting the experiment. But in the case of a cold rolling mill, one single independent experiment requires only 5–6 minutes. Each roll is of different thickness, width, different chemical composition and, accordingly, with different mechanical properties. In addition, the rolling speed, strip tension, strip compression, different friction forces at the tension station are different. Each roll is an independent experiment. If information about technological and diagnostic parameters is stored for a long time, for example, a year or two, this information is enough to work with it as with a laboratory experiment. With a time lag, but with enough information to plan the experiment. It is only necessary to select information from the data array that corresponds to the experiment plan. Using a database a Digital Twin, we carried out an industrial experiment to determine the conditions for the occurrence of self-oscillations of the roller of the tension station and the rolled strip. The results obtained revealed a clear dependence of the occurrence of HC8 self-oscillations on the speed of stretching the strip at the time of cutting out a non-metallic inclusion (Class 3). The stretching speed should be in the range from 0.5 to 1.0 m/s. At stretching speeds in the range from 2.0 to 2.5 m/s, self-oscillations do not occur. There are no conditions for the occurrence of cracks on the end surfaces of the roller.
Experimental study of a vortex-type shut-off device
Authors: Khabarova D.F. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Ismagilov A.R. , Podzerko A.V , Lazarev I.I. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: July 2024

Modern technologies for obtaining materials include chemical reactions occurring at excess pressure and high temperatures accompanied by phase transitions. Such processes take place in devices for sulfuric acid production, heterogeneous catalysis and chemical synthesis, in devices for drying, burning and melting bulk materials and other furnaces. The technological processes under consideration are accompanied by the loading of bulk material into the internal cavity of the apparatus – the reactor. In this case, the material loading window is sealed by a mechanical locking device which opens at the stage of the technological process, accompanied by loading of raw materials into the reactor. In this case, the air-tightness of the reactor is broken and gases can be released into the environment, which poses a threat to the health of the working staff and the environment as a whole. The article focuses on an experimental study of the gas-dynamic characteristics of the air flow at the exit of the annular nozzle of a vortex-type pneumatic shut-off device. The paper analyzes the methods for studying hydro-gas-dynamic parameters of vortex flows with justification for the choice of the study method. It also describes the laboratory setup and instrumentation for the study. The results of the research include the distribution of total pressure from the axial component of velocity and its structure. We also constructed the diagrams of the distribution of the axial component of the active air velocity and obtained a refined velocity distribution along the nozzle radius. The results of the study indicate the operability of the device and can be used in the physical and mathematical description of the working process of a vortex pneumatic shut-off device, as well as in the development of methods for optimal profiling of the device.
From “minimalists” to “professional all-rounders”: Typologizing Swiss universities’ communication practices and structures
Authors: Fürst Silke , Vogler Daniel , Schäfer Mike S. , Sörensen Isabel
Published: July 2024

In the past two decades, the public communication of universities has become more important and received increased scholarly attention. While many studies have focused on individual university communicators (micro level) or all such practitioners in one country (macro level), our study analyzes organizational differences. It is the first-ever study to typologize universities’ communication practices and structures at the organizational level across an entire country. Based on a survey of communication practitioners in the central communication offices at all universities in Switzerland and using hierarchical cluster analysis, we classify 37 universities into four types of communicating universities: minimalists, well-resourced competitors, specialized strategists, and professional all-rounders. Those types are further characterized on the basis of official statistics. The analysis shows that the four types of universities differ considerably in their communication patterns and organizational characteristics and that the amount of resources available for communication is only loosely coupled with professional and strategic communication practices.
Chemotaxonomic and anatomic wood species identification in bleached pulp: blind test and method validation
Authors: Flaig Max L. , Berger Jens , Helmling Stephanie , Olbrich Andrea , Schaffrath Heinz J. , Zahn Daniel , Saake Bodo
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the blind test outcomes of two independent methods for the identification of tropical wood species in pulp and paper products. Both, the established anatomical and the relatively new chemotaxonomic method support the European Deforestation Regulation 2023/1115 (EUDR), which aims to ensure that only legally harvested timber that has not contributed to deforestation is traded in the EU. The blind test involved 570 decisions on 15 test sheets of 37 self-manufactured mixed tropical hardwood pulps and an industrial beech pulp, used as a matrix. Both detection techniques demonstrated robust performance with over 80 % hit rates. The results show that the synergies and combination of the strengths of both methods can be utilized and lead to even better combined performance. In order to establish the chemotaxonomic identification method as a complement to the conventional anatomy-based method, statistical analyses were performed to assess its intermediate precision between three different GC-MS systems. In most cases, the method gave consistent results independent of the instrument used.
Two phase flow analysis of micro channel evaporator to investigate effect of geometry on pressure and heat transfer coefficient with respect to volume of fraction
Authors: Gavali Pradipkumar M. , Yadav Sanjay D. , Malwe Prateek D.
Published: July 2024

Pressure and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) are parameters used to measure the performance of microchannel evaporators (MCE). By keeping the same overall dimensions, optimised hydraulic diameters of three different port shapes, square, rectangle and trapezoid, are analysed using CFD software to study the effect of geometry on the performance characteristics of MCE. The number of square, rectangle, and trapezoid channels is 580, 986, and 812, respectively. CFD analysis of the evaporator using R134a refrigerant is performed using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) with the SST k-ω model and Lee model for interphase mass transfer trace. Variation of pressure and HTC concerning volume of fraction liquid refrigerant (α) is compared for these three port structures. The trapezoid port microchannel evaporator (MCE) exhibits the highest pressure drop compared to square and rectangular port MCEs. The rectangular port MCE demonstrates the highest heat transfer coefficient among the configurations studied. The rectangular port MCE outperforms both square and trapezoid port MCEs in overall performance.
The expression of quantity in Oneida: a study in syntactic and semantic variation
Authors: Koenig Jean-Pierre , Michelson Karin
Published: July 2024

One of the questions linguists try to answer is to what extent conceptual content is expressed similarly across languages. The null hypothesis is that languages express the same sorts of things but may differ in the particular morphological and syntactic constructions they use. This paper describes one semantic domain, quantification over objects in Oneida (Northern Iroquoian), where there is both variation in expression and variation in expressibility. Through a detailed and comprehensive description of quantificational expressions, we show that in Oneida quantification is pervasively and almost exclusively expressed by productive verb forms that are not number words; moreover, these verb forms head clauses (count clauses) adjoined to main clauses. We argue that to this morphosyntactic difference between Oneida and most languages corresponds a semantic difference, namely that in Oneida quantificational expressions denote properties of sets, whereas in most other languages they denote relations between sets (or between entities and sets), and this difference accounts for the systematic absence of proportional and partitive quantifiers in Oneida.
Efficient generation of octave-separating orbital angular momentum beams via forked grating array in lithium niobite crystal
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Wei Dan , Chang Chun , Liu Dingwei , Li Juntao , Wei Dunzhao
Published: July 2024

The concept of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has not only advanced fundamental physics research but also yielded a plethora of practical applications, benefitting from the abundant methods for OAM generation based on linear, nonlinear and combined schemes. The combined scheme could generate octave-separating OAM beams, potentially increasing the channels for optical communication and data storage. However, this scheme faces a challenge in achieving high conversion efficiency. In this work, we have demonstrated the generation of multiple OAM beams at both fundamental frequency and second harmonic (SH) wavelengths using a three-dimensional forked grating array with both spatial χ
(1) and χ
(2) distributions in a lithium niobate nonlinear photonic crystal platform. The enhancements of the fundamental and SH OAM beams have been achieved by employing linear Bragg diffraction and nonlinear Bragg diffraction, respectively, i.e., quasi-phase matching. The experimental results show that OAM beams with variable topological charges can be enhanced at different diffraction orders via wavelength or angle tuning, achieving conversion efficiencies of 60.45 % for the linear OAM beams and 1.08 × 10−4 W
−1 for the nonlinear ones. This work provides a promising approach for parallel detection of OAM states in optical communications, and extends beyond OAM towards the control of structured light via cascaded linear and nonlinear processes.
Four-channel graphene optical receiver
Authors: Yu Laiwen , Li Yurui , Xiang Hengtai , Li Yuanrong , Cao Hengzhen , Ji Zhongyang , Liu Liu , Xiao Xi , Yin Jianbo , Guo Jingshu , Dai Daoxin
Published: July 2024

Silicon photonics with the advantages of low power consumption and low fabrication cost is a crucial technology for facilitating high-capacity optical communications and interconnects. The graphene photodetectors (GPDs) featuring broadband operation, high speed, and low integration cost can be good additions to the SiGe photodetectors, supporting high-speed photodetection in wavelength bands beyond 1.6 μm on silicon. Here we realize a silicon-integrated four-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical receiver based on a micro-ring resonator (MRR) array and four p-n homojunction GPDs. These photo-thermoelectric (PTE) GPDs exhibit zero-bias responsivities of ∼1.1 V W−1 and set-up limited 3 dB-bandwidth >67 GHz. The GPDs show good consistence benefiting from the compact active region array (0.006 mm2) covered by a single mechanically exfoliated hBN/graphene/hBN stack. Moreover, the WDM graphene optical receiver realized 4 × 16 Gbps non-return-to-zero optical signal transmission. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first GPD-array-based optical receiver using high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene and edge graphene-metal contacts with low resistances. Apparently, our design is also compatible with CVD-grown graphene. This work sheds light on the large-scale integration of GPDs with high consistency and uniformity, enabling the application of high-quality mechanically exfoliated graphene, and promoting the development of the graphene photonic integrated circuits.
VISTORIA CAUTELAR:
Authors: LOPES DIEGO MEIRELES ,  Ribeiro Veronica
Published: July 2024

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar a presença abundante de construções prediais em todo o país e a necessidade de considerar o tempo de vida útil dessas estruturas e possíveis patologias que possam surgir. A análise de desabamentos e catástrofes, bem como a avaliação monetária de imóveis, exige vasto conhecimento e experiência, além da formação em engenharia. Neste estudo, abordaremos as principais patologias encontradas em sistemas construtivos, como trincas e fissuras, a fim de fornecer uma análise mais precisa da situação. Também examinamos a definição e classificação de laudos técnicos, além de destacar a importância do perito e do processo de perícia na construção civil. Para ilustrar o papel do perito, apresentamos um estudo de caso de uma investigação que culminou em um laudo técnico completo.