bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage control surgery for grade IV blunt hepatic injury with multiple organ damage in a child: a case report
Authors: Soma Jun , Ishii Daisuke , Miyagi Hisayuki , Ishii Seiya , Motoki Keita , Kawabata Hidemasa , Ishitoya Shunta , Hagiwara Masahiro , Kokita Naohiro , Hirasawa Masatoshi
Published: December 2021

Background

Intra-abdominal hemorrhage caused by blunt hepatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with abdominal trauma. Some of these patients require laparotomy, and rapid decision-making and life-saving surgery are essential. Damage control (DC) surgery is useful for treating children in critical situations. We performed this technique to treat an 8-year-old boy with grade IV blunt hepatic injury and multiple organ damage. This is the first report of the use of the ABTHERA Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System (KCI, now part of 3 M Company, San Antonio, TX, USA) for DC surgery to rescue a patient without neurological sequelae.

Case presentation

An 8-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department of our hospital after being run over by a motor vehicle. He had grade IV blunt hepatic injury, thyroid injury, and bilateral hemopneumothorax. Although he was hemodynamically stable, the patient’s altered level of consciousness, the presence of a sign of peritoneal irritation, and suspicion of intestinal injury led us to perform exploratory laparotomy. As part of a DC strategy, we performed gauze packing to control hemorrhage from the liver and covered the abdomen with an ABTHERA Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System to improve the patient’s general condition. Eighteen days after admission, the patient was diagnosed with a biliary fistula, which improved with percutaneous and external drainage. He had no neurological sequelae and was discharged 102 days after injury.

Conclusion

The DC strategy was effective in children with severe blunt hepatic injury. We opted to perform DC surgery because children have less hemodynamic reserve than adults, and we believe that using this strategy before the appearance of trauma triad of death could save lives and improve outcomes. During conservative management, it is important to adopt a multistage, flexible approach to achieve a good outcome.
24-Hour Physical Behavior Balance for Better Health for All: “The Sweet-Spot Hypothesis”
Authors: Holtermann Andreas , Rasmussen Charlotte Lund , Hallman David M. , Ding Ding , Dumuid Dorothea , Gupta Nidhi
Published: December 2021

“Sit less–move more” has been the univocal advice to adults for better health. Predominantly, this advice is based on research of physical behaviors during leisure-time. A recent study among > 100,000 adults indicates a u-shaped association between leisure-time physical activity and risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality among adults in physically active occupations. This may be explained by the considerable difference in 24-h physical behaviors between adults in sedentary and physically active occupations. Thus, the advice “sit less–move more” might not be the best for health among adults in physically active occupations. To provide a scientific approach and encourage research on 24-h physical behaviors and health for those in physically active occupations, we propose the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis.” The hypothesis postulates that the “Sweet-Spot” of 24-h physical behaviors for better health differs between adults, depending on their occupation. Specifically, the hypothesis claims that the advice “sit less–move more” does not bring adults in physically active occupations toward their “Sweet-Spot” of 24-h physical behaviors for better health. The purpose of our paper is to encourage researchers to test this proposed hypothesis by describing its origin, its theoretical underpinning, approaches to test it, and practical implications. To promote health for all, and decrease social health inequalities, we see a great need for empirically testing the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis.” We propose the “Sweet-Spot Hypothesis” to encourage discussion, debates, and empirical research to expand our collective knowledge about the healthy “24-h physical behavior balance” for all.
Perimortem changes in clinical parameters in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Yoshida Tadashi , Morimoto Kohkichi , Nakayama Takashin , Torimitsu Takuto , Kosugi Shotaro , Oshida Takuma , Yamaguchi Nobuko , Oya Mototsugu
Published: December 2021

Background

End-of-life medical care for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy has become an increasingly important issue worldwide. Thus far, no clear indicators and/or biomarkers exist regarding the timing of HD therapy withdrawal.

Methods

To clarify the perimortem circumstances, we examined temporal changes in multiple clinical parameters during the last 10 serial HD sessions of 65 terminal patients with end-stage renal disease who had undergone maintenance HD and died in our hospital.

Results

The results showed that, while most of the laboratory data were unaltered, the physical parameters, such as systolic blood pressure and consciousness levels, gradually and significantly deteriorated toward the last HD session prior to death. The frequency of the use of vasopressors and O2 inhalation tended to increase. The accumulation of such severe conditions was observed at the last HD session. Of interest, the accumulation of severe conditions at the last HD session in patients with malignancies was significantly less than those with cardiovascular diseases or infectious diseases. The accumulation of severe conditions at the last HD session did not differ between patients who withdrew HD versus those who continued HD.

Conclusion

The results of the present study suggest that predicting the timing of maintenance HD therapy withdrawal is likely to be difficult and that the timing of maintenance HD therapy termination may differ among patient groups with distinct comorbid conditions.
Atypical bilateral ventilation/perfusion mismatches in an asymptomatic patient suffering from metastatic thyroid cancer
Authors: Kersting David , Rischpler Christoph , Plönes Till , Aigner Clemens , Umutlu Lale , Herrmann Ken , Hautzel Hubertus
Published: December 2021

Background

Pulmonary embolism is indicated by ventilation/perfusion (V/P) mismatches in ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy. However, other pathologies may also evoke segmental or lobar mismatches. Thus, diagnosis can be difficult in asymptomatic patients with equivocal clinical presentation.

Case presentation

We present a case of multiple bilateral pulmonary ventilation/perfusion mismatches in a poorly differentiated thyroid cancer patient. Exact diagnosis was difficult, as the patient was asymptomatic and pulmonary embolism is commonly unilateral in tumour patients and not typical for thyroid cancer. External pulmonary artery compression by aortic aneurysm, multiple metastases or additional bronchopulmonary malignancies were considered as differential diagnosis. After unilateral pulmonary and hilar metastasectomy, perfusion normalised on the operated side. Pulmonary perfusion defects due to pulmonary artery compression by hilar metastases were finally diagnosed. Pulmonary embolism was deemed unlikely due to the left-sided post-operative normalisation, persistence of right-sided V/P mismatches, and the lack of clinical symptoms.

Conclusion

Pulmonary artery compression may mimic pulmonary artery embolism in lung perfusion scintigraphy and should be considered in bronchopulmonary tumour patients with hilar metastases and unilateral ventilation/perfusion mismatches affecting a complete lobe or even lung. Following the presented case, also bilateral segmental and subsegmental mismatches in patients with hilar metastases from non-bronchopulmonary cancer entities should be carefully evaluated.
The effectiveness of e-learning in patient education delivered to patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The WebRA study—protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Raunsbæk Knudsen Line , Lomborg Kirsten , Ndosi Mwidimi , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , de Thurah Annette
Published: December 2021

Background

Patient education is integral to the treatment and care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Change is taking place in the organisation of healthcare systems because of a demographic shift towards ageing populations, an increasing use of technology and advancements in digital technologies, allowing for new interventions. This study will aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly developed e-learning patient education programme based on self-management that targets patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

A pragmatic multi-centre randomised controlled trial is planned. We intend to recruit approximately 200 patients with a new diagnosis (< 3 months) of rheumatoid arthritis. Participants will be randomised 1:1 to web-based patient education delivered through an e-learning programme at home or standard face-to-face patient education provided at the hospital. The primary outcome is self-efficacy. Secondary outcomes are improved knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis, adherence to medication, health literacy level and quality of life. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and follow-up occurring 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after enrolment. Furthermore, data on healthcare utilisation and utilisation of the e-learning programme will be assessed at the 12-month follow-up. Statistical analysis, including differences between groups, will be evaluated using the chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Statistical analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle, and analysis of variance will be used to evaluate the within- and between-groups differences testing the hypothesis of the ‘superiority’ of web-based patient education over standard face-to-face education provided at the hospital. Per protocol analysis will be used to assess the impact of missing data. Enrolment started in February 2021 and will end in June 2022.

Discussion

The study is expected to contribute to the evidence on the effectiveness of web-based patient education within rheumatic diseases. If the e-learning programme is effective, it will be incorporated into existing services to improve the self-management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Further, this mode of providing patient education may impact the organisation of health care for both rheumatic diseases and other chronic diseases by offering different modes of delivering patient education based on the needs and preferences of patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04669340. Registered on November 27, 2020.https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04669340?term=e-learning&cond=Rheumatoid+Arthritis&draw=2&rank=1. See Additional file 1 for detailed information on the dataset according to the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set.
An aborted case suspected to CHARGE Syndrome; A rare case with cardiac, intestinal and kidney abnormalities
Authors: Ahmadpour Shahriar , Foghi Khadijeh , Rezaei Faezeh
Published: December 2021

Background

CHARGE syndrome is a life-threatening congenital anomaly. The syndrome associations consist of coloboma, heart disease, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia/genitourinary anomalies, and ear anomalies and or hearing loss. The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss a rare case of CHARGE syndrome.

Case presentation

During the routine dissection, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta from both ventricles, patent ductus arteriosus, duodenal anomaly, absent pancreas, right side descending and sigmoid, intestinal herniation in lesser sac, and left kidney anomaly were observed.

Conclusions

This rare case is of importance in re-considering the criteria of CHARGE and understanding the importance of the orchestrated morphologic driving forces of embryonic development.
Psychological factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Indonesia
Authors: Yanto Theo Audi , Octavius Gilbert Sterling , Heriyanto Rivaldo Steven , Ienawi Catherine , Nisa Haviza , Pasai H. Emildan
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Increasing the rate of vaccination is crucial in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a survey of 112,888 Indonesians found that only 64.8% Indonesians were willing to be vaccinated, with 7.6% refusing all vaccines and 27.6% are unsure. Several factors were related to this vaccine hesitancy and refusal, such as cognitive reflection, trust in authoritative figures, and personality traits. This study aims to identify psychological determinants and other factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal. This was a cross-sectional study with data collection done in March 2021 using a questionnaire. We collected demographic data, respondents' stance on vaccination, as well as their psychology measurement. IBM SPSS 26.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis.

Results

The data of 190 respondents were collected for this study. There are 165 respondents (86.8%) who belong to “vaccine acceptance”, while 25 are “vaccine hesitance” or “vaccine resistance.” Multivariate analysis shows that frequency of COVID-19 tests (p = 0.03), smoking status (p = 0.035), agreeableness trait (p = 0.001), trust in government (p = 0.04) and trust in scientist (p = 0.049) are significantly associated with the two population.

Conclusion

Several demographic and psychological factors affect the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The government and other related parties should consider these factors when adjusting for future policies controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing the vaccination rate.
Preliminary sub-acute toxicological assessment of methanol leaves extract of Culcasia angolensis (Araceae) in Wistar rats
Authors: Abraham Idagu Godwin , Ahmad Mubarak Hussaini
Published: December 2021

Background

The plant Culcasia angolensis (Araceae) has diverse ethnomedicinal uses, including the management of rheumatic pain, healing of cuts, dislocations, and bruises. Despite its potential therapeutic uses, the toxicity profile of Culcasia angolensis has not been evaluated. This study assessed the sub-acute toxicity effects of Culcasia angolensis leaves extract (CAE). The phytochemical determination of the CAE was conducted as per the standard protocols. The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 guideline. Besides, the sub-acute toxic effects of the CAE (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) were investigated following administration of the CAE daily for 28 consecutive days as per the OECD 407 guideline. The weekly body weights were recorded. The animals were euthanized on the 29th day, and blood samples were obtained for haematological and biochemical investigations. The heart, kidney, liver, and lungs were collected for histological examinations. Besides, the relative organ weights (ROW) were determined.

Results

The CAE contains cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids. The oral LD50 was above 5 g/kg. There was a remarkable decline in the weekly body weight at all the CAE doses. The CAE increased the lymphocytes, aspartate transaminase, and urea. However, the levels of alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated remarkably. The histological studies did not reveal any serious organs abnormalities.

Conclusion

The CAE is relatively safe on acute administration. However, it may be slightly toxic on sub-acute administration, especially to the liver and kidney.
Impact of zinc oxide, benzoic acid and probiotics on the performance and cecal microbiota of piglets
Authors: da Silva Caio Abercio , Bentin Leonardo Aparecido Teixeira , Dias Cleandro Pazinato , Callegari Marco Aurélio , Facina Vitor Barbosa , Dias Francine Taniguchi Falleiros , Passos Adsos , da Silva Martins Cláudia Cassimira , Costa Marcio Carvalho
Published: December 2021

Background

Intestinal health remains a key factor in animal production because it is essential for digestion, absorption and bacterial fermentation. Feed additives have been used to attenuate the weaning stress such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and benzoic acid (C7H6O2). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of of benzoic acid and probiotics (BA + P) on performance, diarrhea and cecal microbiota of piglets in the nursery phase (23 to 65 days).

Results

One hundred and sixty weaned piglets with an initial weight of 6.335 ± 0.698 kg and 23 days of age were submitted to four treatments: supplementation with 2500 ppm of Zinc oxide (ZnO), supplementation with a commercial blend of benzoic acid and probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415; Vevogut P®) (BA + P), supplementation with Zinc oxide plus benzoic acid and probiotics (ZnO + BA + P), and controls receiving only the basal diet without any supplementation. At 65 days of age, 32 piglets (n = 8 per treatment) were slaughtered for the evaluation of the cecal microbiota. Supplementation with ZnO and BA + P were associated with better feed conversion (P < 0.05) in the early stage (23 to 49 days) and with an improvement in all performance parameters over the entire experimental period. The occurrence of diarrhea was lower (P < 0.05) in the BA + P group. The 4 most abundant phyla along with unclassified bacteria represented 93% of all sequences. Firmicutes dominated the cecal microbiota of all groups, followed by Bacteroidetes. Richness represented by the observed number of genera and by the Chao index were statistically lower in ZnO and ZnO + BA + P supplemented animals compared to controls. The beta diversity analysis that compares similarities between bacterial communities demonstrated formation of two distinct clusters containing samples with and without supplementation with ZnO, confirming a strong influence of ZnO on the intestinal microbiota.

Conclusion

The use of Benzoic acid with probiotics yields similar performance results with lower impact on the gut microbiota compared to ZnO, and it should be considered as a potential alternative in swine production.
Sotrovimab: is it effective in early treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19 infections? A retrospective study
Authors: Elesdoudy Ahmed
Published: December 2021

Background

The monoclonal antibody sotrovimab is manufactured to antagonize many types of coronaviruses including the SARS-CoV-2. It is used mainly to treat mild and moderate COVID-19 infection and to prevent the progression of the disease from critical disease to severe.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of sotrovimab in the early treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19 infections and prevention of disease progression to severe and critical disease.

Methods

This study was performed on 220 outpatients who have already received sotrovimab in Obaidullah Hospital, United Arab Emirates. All patients underwent the following before receiving sotrovimab: routine laboratory studies (CBC, liver function tests, and kidney function tests) and other laboratory tests (C reactive protein (CRP), D dimer, and chest x-ray). All patients received sotrovimab in a dose of 500 mg once intravenous infusion over 30 min. All laboratory studies and CXR are repeated after 1 week of receiving the dose of sotrovimab.

Results

The outcome was 43 patients deteriorated (19.5%) and 177 patients improved (80.5%). The progress of patients’ symptoms after receiving sotrovimab where the shortness of breath (SOB) deteriorated in 43 patients (19.5%) and improved in 177 patients (80.5%). The cough symptom deteriorated in 43 patients (19.5%), improved in 177 patients (80.5%). The progress of patients' radiology (chest x-ray) where it is deteriorated in 43 patients (19.5%) and improved in 177 patients (80.5%). The rate of hospitalization after receiving sotrovimab where 41 patients were hospitalized (18.6%) and 179 patients were not hospitalized (81.4%). There was a statistically significant difference before and after using sotrovimab in vital signs, inflammatory markers, kidney function tests, electrolytes, endocrine functions, and hepatic profile.

Conclusion

Among adults with mild and moderate COVID-19, the use of sotrovimab significantly improved resolution of symptoms, outcome, radiology, or laboratory marker and decreased hospitalization. The findings support using sotrovimab in the early treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19. Wide-scale studies may be required for clarifying the effects of sotrovimab in the treatment of mild and moderate COVID-19 infections.
Brenner tumors
Authors: Costeira Filipa de Sousa , Félix Ana , Cunha Teresa Margarida
Published: December 2021

Brenner tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms composed of ovarian transition cells surrounded by dense fibrous tissue. Most of them are small tumors (<2 cm), detected incidentally in asymptomatic women. Its predominantly fibrous content results in relatively low signal on T  2 weighted images, establishing differential diagnosis with ovarian fibroma and thecoma. Their imaging features are very similar, the differentiation is based on secondary characteristics, such as signs or symptoms of estrogen excess and the presence of a second ovarian neoplasm, which has been reported in up to 30% of patients with Brenner tumor. Although originally thought to be universally benign, there have been scattered reports in the past decades of borderline and malignant forms of Brenner tumors.
Bringing Lived Lives to Swift’s Asylum: a psychiatric hospital perspective
Authors: Malone Kevin M. , Cleary Eimear , Kelleher Cecily C. , Jefferies Janis , Lane Abbie , Lucey James V. , McGuiness Seamus
Published: December 2021

Background: Few “interventions” around suicide and stigma have reached into psychiatric institutions. Lived Lives is a science-arts approach to addressing suicide and stigma, informed by a psychobiographical and visual arts autopsy. The resulting artworks and mediated exhibition ( Lived Lives), has facilitated dialogue, response and public action around stigma-reduction, consistent with a community intervention. Recent evidence from Lived Lives moved us to consider how it may situate within a psychiatric hospital.

Methods: Lived Lives manifested in St. Patrick’s University Hospital (Ireland’s oldest and largest psychiatric hospital) in November 2017.   A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the exhibition as a potential intervention to address stigma around suicide, with quantitative and qualitative data collected via written questionnaire and oral data collected via video documentation.  Bereavement support was available. A Clinician and an artist also provided independent evaluation.

Results:  86 participants engaged with the exhibition, with 68 completing questionnaire data. Audiences included service users, policy makers, health professionals, senior hospital administrators and members of the public. 62% of participants who completed questionnaires were suicide-bereaved; 46% had experienced a mental health difficulty, and 35% had been suicidal in the past. 91% thought Lived Lives could be of benefit in the aftermath of a suicide death. Half of participants thought Lived Lives could help reduce suicidal feelings, whereas 88% thought it could benefit those with Mental Health difficulties. The emotional response was of a visceral nature, including fear, anger, sadness, disgust and anxiety.

Conclusions: Lived Lives sits comfortably in discomfort, unafraid to call out the home-truths about stigma and its pervasive and pernicious impact, and with restoring identity at its core. Lived Lives can operate within a psychiatric hospital, as well as in community. The challenge is to move it forward for greater exposure and impacts in at-risk communities.
Kraasna nominal derivation
Authors: Ernits Enn
Published: December 2021

This article examines the derivation of Kraasna nominals using suffixes. Despite limited documentation, it was possible to find a large number of nominal derivatives using 18 derivational suffixes formed from 20 primary suffixes and 21 suffixes formed from 21 secondary suffixes. Kraasna suffixes mostly resemble those of Seto. Only the compound suffixes (-i)s-to, -la-s, and -ži-ne, which derive just a few words (kaklas, laanist, soomist, ammuužine) are not characteristic of Seto. The suffixes *-ek and *eš occur as the assimilated form -eh in Kraasna, but as -eh and -eq in Seto. In oblique cases, the derivational suffix -eh still occurs in a mid-19th century folk song but had been lost by the early 20th century. The Kraasna dialect is surprisingly similar to Seto, from which it separated 300 years before its documentation in the early 20th century. It would be interesting to know to what extent later connections with Setomaa harmonised both dialects.

Kokkuvõte. Enn Ernits: Kraasna noomenituletus. Vaatamata talletatud sõnavara piiratusele ilmneb Kraasna murrakus rohkesti käändsõnatuletisi. Need on moodustatud 20 primaarsufiksist tekkinud 18 liite ja 21 sekundaarsufiksist kujunenud sama arvu liidete abil. Kraasna sufiksid sarnanevad seto omadega. Ainult liitliited (-i)s-to, -la-s ja -ži-ne, mis tuletavad vaid üksikuid sõnu (kaklas, laanisto, soomisto, ammuužine), pole seto murrakutele omased. Viimatimainitud sufiks esineb ka Hargla, leivu ja lutsi murrakutes. Kraasna murrakule oli iseloomulik liidete *-ek ja *eš sarnastunud kuju -eh, seevastu seto murrakutes võivad need esineda paralleelselt -eh ja -eq kujul. Obliikvakäändes derivatiivsufiks -eh esines XIX sajandi keskpaiku veel ühe rahvalaulu sõnas *valgõ-hõ-ta, XX sajandi alguseks oli taandunud, vrd *valgõt. Kraasna murrakus kasutati rohkesti deminutiivliidet -kanõ. Enamikul Kraasna käändsõnatuletistel on vasted seto murrakutes, üksnes vähestel juhtudel see puudub, sh kipõküüdzüs ‘kurivaim’, mako ‘magamine’, tukim ‘tugi’ ja vadõridzõq ‘vaderid’. Teadaolevalt ainult Kraasna murrakus esinevad sõnad laudadzõq ~ laadadzõq ‘lehmakahi’ ja puzanõ ‘mõrkjas’. Kraasna murrak, mis irdus setost XX sajandi alguse kirjapanekutega võrreldes 300 aastat varem, on viimasega üllatuslikult sarnane. Tuleks uurida, kuivõrd suutsid murrakuid ühtlustada hilisemad seosed Setomaaga.
Harmonization of the Russian Federation Legislation with Current International Recommendations
Authors: Kochetkov O. , Klochkov V. , Samoylov A. , Shandala N.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Harmonization of the Russian Federation legislation with current international recommendations

Results: The concept of the radiation safety system has been significantly modified by recommendations of ICRP (2007) and IAEA (2014). An analysis of existing international regulatory framework for radiation safety allowed to identify the main provisions to be implemented in the Russian legal and regulatory framework. It’s showed that the current Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No. 3-FZ «On Radiation Safety of Population» must be ultimately revised to be harmonized with international documents. General approaches to legal regulation of radiation safety should be essentially modified to create a strong relationship between this law and other regulatory and legal documents in force in the Russian Federation.

Conclusion: An article-by-article analysis of the current Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No. 3-FZ «On Radiation Safety of Population « showed the need to modify 22 existing articles and add 12 new articles in order to harmonize it with international documents. Given such a large volume of modification it is advisable to pass a new law with simultaneous abolition of the current federal law. A new name has been proposed: Federal Law of the Russian Federation «On Radiation Safety in the Russian Federation».

The enactment of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation «On Radiation Safety in the Russian Federation» with the main by-laws approved by the Russian Federation Government – «Radiation Safety Standards» and «Basic Rules for Ensuring Radiation Safety» – will allow to establish an actual regulatory framework for ensuring radiation safety of personnel and population in Russia.
Boris Belousov, Talented Scientific Chemist Dedication Page of Biography
Authors: Efimova I.
Published: December 2021

The article contains material on scientific activity of the famous scientific chemist B. Belousov, the head of the laboratory of the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of health of the USSR, the creator of an effective anti-radiation drug, the author of the invention of the vibrational reaction Belousov-Jabotinsky.
Determination of Monitor Doses in Neutron Therapy Using the U-120 Cyclotron
Authors: Lisin V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose Analyze the various methods for determining the monitor doses in neutron therapy using the U-120 cyclotron and to choose the monitoring method that provides the highest accuracy in dose delivery to the tumor.

Material and methods The distributions of the absorbed dose of the therapeutic beam from the U-120 cyclotron were measured in a tissue-equivalent medium using the differential method, in which two ionization chambers with different sensitivity to neutron radiation were used. A comparison of radiation effects on tissues using various techniques of determining the monitor doses was made. The linear-quadratic model was used to assess responses to ionizing radiation.

Results Dosimetry studies revealed that the therapeutic beam of the U-120 cyclotron contains concomitant gamma radiation, the contribution of which to the total neutron-photon dose increases with increasing depth of the irradiated medium. The presence of gamma radiation in the neutron beam dictate the need to find the correct method for monitoring neutron therapy. A comparison of radiation effects on the tumor tissue using different techniques of determining the monitor doses was made. It was found that at equal neutron-photon doses, the neutron dose in the tumor changed depending on its depth. It can lead to an incorrect conclusion about the effectiveness of neutron therapy depending on a single dose as well as in relation to various dose fractionation schedules.

Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained showed that the problem can be most accurately solved using a technique in which the monitor coefficient and monitor doses are determined from the distribution of the neutron dose, taking into account the contribution of the gamma radiation dose to the total neutron-photon dose.
„Cudowna broń” Wehrmachtu przeciwko Powstańcom Warszawskim. O książce Norberta Bączyka i Grzegorza Jasińskiego, Dawid kontra Goliat. Niemieckie środki specjalne w Powstaniu Warszawskim
Authors: Brudek Paweł Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Streszczenie : Artykuł zawiera recenzję książki Norberta Bączyka i Grzegorza Jasińskiego poświęconej zastosowaniu przez Niemców eksperymentalnych rodzajów broni w walkach ulicznych przeciwko Powstańcom Warszawskim. Zostały omówione rozmaite rodzaje broni zaprojektowanej do walki w mieście (Goliat, Tajfun, Borgward, broń rakietowa, ciężkie moździerze, działa kolejowe), taktyka ich użycia, oraz problemy związane z logistyką, konfliktami kompetencyjnymi i słabnącym morale niemieckich żołnierzy. Techniczne środki walki, pomimo swojej ograniczonej skuteczności, nie zapewniły Niemcom szybkiego i łatwego zwycięstwa.
Federalismo e Covid-19 no Brasil
Authors: Gomes José Vitor Lemes
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo objetiva responder: quais as consequências políticas do federalismo brasileiro na autuação e relação dos entes federativos no enfrentamento da pandemia COVID-19? Buscamos refletir essa questão através da análise dos princípios legais e institucionais do federalismo brasileiro e pelo levantamento de informações sobre fatos políticos relevantes, ocorridos no desenrolar da pandemia no país. Reconhecendo o impacto da pandemia, o estudo se justifica na importância de compreender os dilemas políticos das autoridades responsáveis pela saúde pública. Conclui-se que o federalismo assegurou a autonomia dos entes subnacionais em relação à União para a adoção de medidas voltadas ao enfrentamento da pandemia. Desse modo, o desenho institucional do estado federal manteve-se preservado.
What drove the reduction in myocardial infarction admissions during COVID-19? Reasons and implications
Authors: Cajanding Ruff Joseph
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 represents a major public health threat. With the emphasis on self-isolation and the implementation of social restrictions such as lockdowns to reduce disease transmission, significant changes in health practices have occurred worldwide. This includes a substantial reduction in the number of patients being admitted for acute coronary syndrome and acute myocardial infarction, particularly among patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. A combination of patient- and system-related factors have contributed to this decline, including human behaviour, the delivery of healthcare services and changes in the prevalence of risk factors and environmental conditions. This article reviews current knowledge regarding admission rates for acute coronary syndrome and acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic and explores the reasons for this decline, as well as the potential impact on patients and implications for nursing and healthcare practice.
Generation and characterization of isolated attosecond pulses at 100  kHz repetition rate
Authors: Witting Tobias , Osolodkov Mikhail , Schell Felix , Morales Felipe , Patchkovskii Serguei , Šušnjar Peter , Cavalcante Fabio H. M. , Menoni Carmen S. , Schulz Claus P. , Furch Federico J. , Vrakking Marc J. J.
Published: December 2021

The generation of coherent light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region with attosecond pulse durations constitutes the foundation of the field of attosecond science. Twenty years after the first demonstration of isolated attosecond pulses, they continue to be a unique tool enabling the observation and control of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, and solids. It has long been identified that an increase in the repetition rate of attosecond light sources is necessary for many applications in atomic and molecular physics, surface science, and imaging. Although high harmonic generation (HHG) at repetition rates exceeding 100 kHz, showing a continuum in the cutoff region of the XUV spectrum, was already demonstrated in 2013, the number of photons per pulse was insufficient to perform pulse characterization via attosecond streaking, let alone to perform a pump-probe experiment. Here we report on the generation and full characterization of XUV attosecond pulses via HHG driven by near-single-cycle pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The high number of

10
6

XUV photons per pulse on target enables attosecond electron streaking experiments through which the XUV pulses are determined to consist of a dominant single attosecond pulse. These results open the door for attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy studies at a repetition rate 1 or 2 orders of magnitude above current implementations.
Ausgestaltungs- und Anwendungspotenziale von Virtual und Augmented Reality Technologien im Kontext von Coworking Spaces
Authors: Mirbabaie Milad , Hofeditz Lennart , Schmid Leon
Published: December 2021

Coworking Spaces (CSPs) sind geteilte Arbeitsplätze für Selbstständige, Freelancer*innen, Mikrounternehmen und Startups, die Isolation entgegenwirken und zum interdisziplinären Wissensaustausch anregen können. Jedoch existieren auch Barrieren, die Nutzer*innen davon abhalten, zu anderen Coworker*innen Kontakt aufzunehmen, da oft unklar ist, wann und ob jemand zum kreativen Austausch oder zum Anbieten von Hilfe bereit ist. Durch die Covid-19 Pandemie wurde die Unsicherheit bei der gegenseitigen Kontaktaufnahme noch weiter erschwert und viele CSPs mussten zeitweise schließen. Um Barrieren bei der Kontaktaufnahme zu reduzieren und die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zu fördern, können Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien eingesetzt werden. Virtual Reality (VR) und Augmented Reality (AR) sind Technologien, die sich durch einen besonders hohen Grad an Immersion und sozialer Präsenz auszeichnen. Deshalb zeigen wir in diesem Beitrag, wie VR- und AR-Technologien gezielt eingesetzt werden können, um den interdisziplinären Wissensaustausch und Zusammenarbeit sowohl in CSPs als auch ortsunabhängig zu fördern. Dazu präsentieren wir positive Effekte, die durch den Einsatz einer der beiden Technologien im Zusammenhang mit CSPs erzielt werden können und leiten konkrete Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Anwendungsentwickler*innen, Unternehmen sowie Betreiber*innen von CSPs ab. Diese Gestaltungsempfehlungen basieren sowohl auf den neuesten Erkenntnissen aus der Fachliteratur als auch auf Interviews mit Expert*innen aus Forschung und Praxis mit Erfahrung im Bereich CSPs, VR und AR. Unsere Anwendungsszenarien können Entwickler*innen, Unternehmen und Betreiber*innen von CSPs als Grundlage dienen, vom Einsatz beider Technologien zu profitieren.
Acceptability and perceived facilitators and barriers to the usability of biometric registration among infants and children in Manhiça district, Mozambique: A qualitative study
Authors: Cambaco Olga , Gachuhi Noni , Distler Rebecca , Cuinhane Carlos , Parker Emily , Mucavele Estevão , Bassat Quique , Chaúque Célia , Saute Franscisco , Munguambe Khátia , Sacoor Charfudin
Published: December 2021

In low-and middle-income countries, many infants and children remain unregistered in both civil registration and healthcare records, limiting their access to essential rights-based services, including healthcare. A novel biometric registration prototype, applying a non-touch platform using smart phones and tablets to capture physical characteristics of infants and children for electronic registration, was tested in rural Mozambique. This study assessed acceptability and perceived barriers and facilitators to the usability of this biometric registration prototype in Manhiça district, southern Mozambique. The study followed a qualitative design consisting of 5 semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers, 7 focus group discussions with caregivers of infants aged between 0 and 5 years old, and 2 focus group discussions with data collectors involved in the implementation of the biometric registration pilot project. Data were thematically analysed. The results of this study show that there is wide acceptability of the biometric registration prototype among healthcare providers and caregivers. Participants were aware of the benefits of the biometric registration prototype. The perceived benefits included that the biometric registration prototype would solve the inefficiency of paper-based registration, and the perception of biometric registration as “healthcare norm”. Perceived potential barriers to the implementation of the biometric registration prototype included: myths and taboos, lack of information, lack of time, lack of father’s consent, and potential workload among healthcare providers. In conclusion,the biometric prototype was widely accepted due to its perceived usefulness. However, there is a need to address the perceived barriers, and involvement of children’s fathers and/or other relevant family members in the process of biometric registration.
Different domains of dengue research in the Philippines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of questionnaire-based studies
Authors: Guad Rhanye Mac , Carandang Rogie Royce , Solidum Judilynn N. , W. Taylor-Robinson Andrew , Wu Yuan Seng , Aung Yin Nwe , Low Wah Yun , Sim Maw Shin , Sekaran Shamala Devi , Azizan Nornazirah
Published: December 2021

Background

Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease of humans worldwide, including southeast Asia region. This review provides a comprehensive overview of questionnaire-related dengue studies conducted in the Philippines and evaluates their reliability and validity in these surveys.

Methods

A review protocol constructed by a panel of experienced academic reviewers was used to formulate the methodology, research design, search strategy and selection criteria. An extensive literature search was conducted between March–June 2020 in various major electronic biomedical databases including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect. A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were selected as the preferred item reporting method.

Results

Out of a total of 34 peer-reviewed dengue-related KAP studies that were identified, 15 published from 2000 to April 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Based on the meta-analysis, a poor mean score was obtained for each of knowledge (68.89), attitude (49.86) and preventive practice (64.69). Most respondents were equipped with a good knowledge of the major clinical signs of dengue. Worryingly, 95% of respondents showed several negative attitudes towards dengue prevention, claiming that this was not possible and that enacting preventive practices was not their responsibility. Interestingly, television or radio was claimed as the main source of gaining dengue information (range 50–95%). Lastly, only five articles (33.3%) piloted or pretested their questionnaire before surveying, of which three reported Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (range 0.70 to 0.90).

Conclusion

This review indicates that to combat the growing public health threat of dengue to the Philippines, we need the active participation of resident communities, full engagement of healthcare personnel, promotion of awareness campaigns, and access to safe complementary and alternative medicines. Importantly, the psychometric properties of each questionnaire should be assessed rigorously.
Crisis propagation in a heterogeneous self-reflexive DSGE model
Authors: Morelli Federico , Benzaquen Michael , Bouchaud Jean-Philippe , Tarzia Marco
Published: December 2021

We study a self-reflexive DSGE model with heterogeneous households, aimed at characterising the impact of economic recessions on the different strata of the society. Our framework allows to analyse the combined effect of income inequalities and confidence feedback mediated by heterogeneous social networks. By varying the parameters of the model, we find different crisis typologies: loss of confidence may propagate mostly within high income households, or mostly within low income households, with a rather sharp transition between the two. We find that crises are more severe for segregated networks (where confidence feedback is essentially mediated between agents of the same social class), for which cascading contagion effects are stronger. For the same reason, larger income inequalities tend to reduce, in our model, the probability of global crises. Finally, we are able to reproduce a perhaps counter-intuitive empirical finding: in countries with higher Gini coefficients, the consumption of the lowest income households tends to drop less than that of the highest incomes in crisis times.
Perceção dos alunos de uma escola em ambiente urbano, sobre o impacte dos incêndios rurais na sociedade, no território e no ambiente
Authors: Borges Marília Correia , Bateira Carlos , Bento-Gonçalves António
Published: December 2021

A temática dos incêndios rurais é abordada na disciplina de Geografia no 9.º ano de escolaridade, do ensino regular. Por isto, é pertinente refletir de que modo é que esta disciplina pode ter um papel interventivo na sensibilização e corresponsabilização dos alunos. O principal objetivo desta investigação foi incitar à reflexão dos alunos e à análise da perceção por parte dos mesmos sobre os impactes dos incêndios rurais na sociedade, no território e no ambiente. A metodologia foi dividida em duas fases, na primeira os alunos realizaram um teste diagnóstico, o qual foi aplicado através da ferramenta Socrative. Na segunda fase realizaram uma pesquisa em grupo, na qual cada grupo selecionou e analisou um distrito e respetivos parâmetros de análise previamente estabelecidos no guião de trabalho. Em termos globais, foi possível constatar que a perceção dos alunos ultrapassou as expectativas iniciais, uma vez que os alunos identificaram os impactes ao nível ambiental e territorial. No entanto, em relação ao nível social os alunos manifestaram algum desconhecimento. A nossa investigação decorreu no Colégio Nossa Senhora de Lourdes, localizado no município do Porto.
Gestão de Riscos de Desastres relacionados a deslizamentos sob a perspectiva da ecologia de saberes: desafios à rede para gestão de riscos da bacia do Córrego d’Antas
Authors: Freitas Leonardo Esteves de , Coelho Netto Ana Luiza
Published: December 2021

O desastre na região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 2011, decorrente de deslizamentos e inundações repentinas, matou mais de mil pessoas e mostrou uma cultura incipiente para enfrentamento dos riscos. No município de Nova Friburgo, pesquisadores, comunidades afetadas e gestores públicos criaram, em 2014, a Reger-CD/Rede para Gestão de Riscos da Bacia do Córrego d’Antas, a partir de um diálogo horizontal, fundamentado na Ecologia de Saberes. Esta rede elaborou pesquisas e produtos fundamentados numa cultura de gestão participativa voltada à redução de riscos. Esse trabalho foi conflituoso e, muitas vezes, ocorreu a tentativa de imposição do saber técnico-científico sobre o saber popular. A valorização radical de ambos os saberes fortaleceu a construção da Rede. O aumento de participação de pessoas (de 8 para mais de 150) e instituições (de 2 para 16) nos projetos realizados mostra que o processo tem sido exitoso. Compreender conflitos e avaliar soluções relacionados à Reger-CD retroalimenta outras iniciativas que possam fortalecer a construção de um novo modelo de gestão participativa de riscos.
Diálogo: conceito, princípios epistemológicos e implicações éticas
Authors: Monteiro Rafael de Araujo Arosa , Toledo Renata Ferraz de , Jacobi Pedro Roberto
Published: December 2021

Neste ensaio teórico, desenvolvido por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, buscamos elaborar uma compreensão teórica a respeito do diálogo, entendido como um modelo participativo de interação, a partir das dimensões epistemológica e ética do ser humano. Com isso, enunciamos as noções de antidialogicidade e dialogicidade, cada qual caracterizada por uma forma particular de pensar, conversar, agir e aprender, como caminhos orientadores possíveis de nossas relações interpessoais.
Eleições 2018 à luz da Folha de S. Paulo: a intersecção religiosa e neoliberal no discurso jornalístico
Authors: Vaz Aline , Barba Santos Marcela , Prado Junior Tarcis
Published: December 2021

O estudo objetiva discutir como os tópicos religião e neoliberalismo se articulam no discurso jornalístico, durante as eleições presidenciais de 2018. Como corpus desta pesquisa, seleciona-se 69 notícias, que interseccionam menções religiosas e neoliberais, veiculadas no caderno especial “Eleições 2018” do jornal Folha de São Paulo. A partir de questões relacionadas às temáticas, religiosidades e candidatos em destaque, o estudo se desenvolve por meio de uma análise sistemática de conteúdo, incluindo a categorização e codificação das notícias. Logo, buscando perceber a confluência entre religião e neoliberalismo, durante a eleição corrente, conseguimos observar que o material jornalístico em estudo valorizou um discurso associado a moral e a segurança individual do sujeito, por vezes, apontando o cinismo e até mesmo as ditas fakenews.