bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF PROPER NAMES
Authors: TORCHYNSKYI M. , TORCHYNSKA N. ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: March 2023

Despite the availability of a sufficient number of studies, there is still no comprehensive work that would summarize information about the grammatical features of proper names of the Ukrainian language. However, there is an indisputable need for such conclusions, which determines the relevance of the topic of our scientific article. The purpose of the study is to systematize the morphological and syntactic features of the proprietary units of the Ukrainian language. Methods of classification and systematization (to group proper names), descriptive method using stratigraphic, genetic, etymological, word formation, formant, comparative and other methods (to characterize the Ukrainian onomastіcon) and the method of quantitative calculations (to determine the productivity of different types of proper names) were used in the work. The study found that the grammatical attributes of onyms are inextricably linked with similar features of common names, but it is appropriate to emphasize their specificity. In particular, proper names have a number of differential characteristics in the definition lexico-grammatical and grammatical categories, and the main types of word change are declension (noun and noun-adjective), declension-invariant (construction “noun + noun”) and invariant (especially when the proper name is combined with an appellative indicating a denotation). We often record the transition from a proper name to common names, less often – the pluralization of onyms. The syntactic role of simple subjects, objects, attributes, appositions, adverbial modifiers of place and direct address is dominant for onyms (according to semantic-syntactic criterions – substantial subject, object and addressee and secondary attributive, vocative and adverbial locative syntaxes). Compound models, in particular phrases and predicates, are specific to proper names. Phonetic, lexical and other features of proper names can be described in more detail in the following generalized articles.
COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL GROUP “SCHOOLCHILD”: THE OPPOSITION LITERARY LANGUAGE – NON-LITERARY FORMS (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY ANDRII KOKOTYUKHA “ZOO, OR CHILDREN UNDER 16”)
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, CHUCHVARA A.
Published: March 2023

Using the linguistic indicator “correspondence of the lexical means of the artistic text to the literary language – non-literary forms”, the paper discloses the means of expressing the verbal-semantic level in the structure of the writer’s language and personality. The forms of colloquial language, colloquial speech (surzhyk), slang vocabulary and vulgarisms have been distinguished as examples of communication (mediated by the speech personality of the artistic work’s author) in the social group “schoolchild”. The descriptive method was used for the analysis. Correspondence to the colloquial literary language was evidenced by nouns (‘elektrychka’ – electric train), ‘zahranka’ – a trip abroad), verbs (‘vidchepytysia’ – get away, ‘dokopatysia’ – find out), adjectives (‘babskyi’ – womanly, ‘idiotskyi’ – idiotic), idioms (‘daty po shyi’ – to hit the neck, ‘mozolyty banky’ – to be an eyesore). Correspondence to non-literary forms. These are cases of the use of colloquial speech (surzhyk) – violation of lexical norms (‘vidminyatysia’ – get cancelled, ‘v pershu cherhu’ – first of all), grammatical norms (‘davai vyidemo’ – let’s go out, ‘davai hovory’ – talk now), of the orthographic norm (‘viyskomat’). Jargon words and inflections in the direct speech of schoolchild characters – nouns (‘babky’ – money, zanachka – saved money), verbs (‘valyty’ – leave, ‘zakumaryty’ – bore), adjectives (‘hnylyi’ – rotten, ‘dovbanyi’ – damned), adverbs (‘kliovo’ – cool, ‘chiki-piki’ – well), stable expressions (‘rozkataty hubu’ – want too much, ‘sto pudiv’ – definitely). Swear words and phrases in the dialogues of the characters, there are also nouns (‘mudak’ – idiot), verbs (‘zherty’ – eat too much), adjectives (‘debilnyi’ – moron), fixed expressions (‘khrin yoho znaye’ – nobody knows). School nicknames also served as a marker of communication in the social group “schoolchild”. The results of the research can be used as materials for practical classes in sociolinguistics, language culture, social onomastics, and text linguistics.
Procesos cognitivos básicos orientados a la comprensión lectora de textos literarios
Authors: Maestre Rodríguez Line Cecilia , González Roys Gustavo Adolfo
Published: March 2023

El siguiente proyecto se realizó con el objetivo de analizar los efectos del desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos básicos orientados a la comprensión lectora de textos literarios en los estudiantes de tercer grado de primaria de la I.E. Bello Horizonte sede Villa Yaneth; dicho propósito se llevó a cabo a través de un proceso metodológico de enfoque cualitativo, basado en la investigación acción, con un alcance descriptivo; se aplicó la técnica de observación a 1 docente y 27 estudiantes de grado tercero. Los resultados evidenciaron que la expresión de procesos cognitivos básicos fue inconsciente, por ello, los niños presentan dificultades para comprender los términos: analizar, comparar, clasificar. Con respecto al nivel de comprensión lectora que poseen los estudiantes, se evidenció que pueden comprender los elementos explícitos en la lectura; en cuanto al nivel inferencial, difícilmente pueden extraer situaciones implícitas, y en cuanto al nivel crítico, no se evidenció argumentación con criterios propios. Por lo tanto, al aplicar las estrategias diseñadas, se concluyó que estas influyen en la activación de los procesos cognitivos básicos, lo cual facilita el proceso de comprensión lectora, de esa manera, el estudiante pudo obtener una visión amplia de lo que el texto representa, anticipando elementos que guardan relación con la lectura y, de esa manera, consolidar un nivel literal. Además, mejoraron en aspectos inferencial y en la argumentación de aspectos críticos, estableciendo relación con el contenido del texto y las experiencias y conocimientos previos.
Comprensión lectora en los estudiantes de séptimo grado mediante la literatura afrocolombiana
Authors: Cuello Cuello Lohorquis Esther , Martínez Arredondo Leonardo Enrique , González Roys Gustavo Adolfo
Published: March 2023

La comprensión lectora es entender lo que se lee, involucra la capacidad para extraer la información explícita e implícita del texto; es una habilidad para ordenar las ideas y constituir relaciones dentro de lo escrito. Sobre esta concepción epistémica se fundamentó este estudio, cuyo objetivo fue fomentar la comprensión lectora mediada por la literatura afrocolombiana de Mary Grueso, como estrategia didáctica para la comprensión lectora de los estudiantes de séptimo grado. Metodológicamente se enmarca en el paradigma pospositivista, bajo el método investigación acción pedagógica. Se utilizó como instrumento una prueba escrita y una bitácora de observación. Los resultados indicaron que, con la estrategia, los estudiantes comprendieron los textos leídos, realizaron inferencias, argumentaciones sobre un tema, teniendo consistencia en el discurso; de igual forma, se logró aumentar las competencias comunicativas y la fluidez lectora en los estudiantes, además, ampliaron su vocabulario a través del uso del diccionario, al encontrar términos desconocidos.
Pensamiento crítico en educación ambiental en niños y niñas de la Institución Educativa Colegio de San Simón, Ibagué
Authors: Bueno Lugo Andrés Felipe , Velásquez Sarria Jairo Andrés , Ruiz Lozano Robinson
Published: March 2023

Este artículo da cuenta del diseño y aplicación de una unidad didáctica sobre conservación de la biodiversidad del Tolima, dirigida a promover pensamiento crítico en educación ambiental en niños y niñas de una institución educativa pública del municipio de Ibagué. El problema de investigación se ubicó en la ausencia de procesos didácticos para el desarrollo de pensamiento crítico en educación ambiental en los niños y niñas de la institución educativa. Para favorecer esta investigación, se trabajó desde la habilidad de la argumentación. La metodología fue cualitativa con enfoque de investigación-acción. La muestra estuvo conformada por 10 estudiantes y la información se recolectó a través de las diferentes actividades propuestas en la unidad didáctica. El tratamiento de la información se hizo a partir de la adaptación del modelo de análisis de textos argumentativos de Toulmin (1993). Los resultados demostraron que, los estudiantes en la etapa inicial tenían falencias en la construcción de textos argumentativos, la mayoría eran incompletos; esta dificultad evidenció el poco conocimiento que tenían acerca de su territorio, así como falencias argumentativas. La unidad didáctica posibilitó su evolución, de modo que los textos pasaron, en buena medida, de ser incompletos a completos. A manera de conclusión, la argumentación es una dimensión constituyente del pensamiento crítico en la educación ambiental; para desarrollar esta forma de pensar, se requiere tener conocimiento y capacidad escritural.
PENGARUH SUBTITUSI TEPUNG KOMPOSIT TERHADAP KADAR SERAT KASAR, KADAR PROTEIN DAN DAYA TERIMA MUFFIN
Authors: Redhanie Akhmad , Novita Sari
Published: March 2023

Muffin merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang diminati di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan tampilan dan cita rasa muffin yang bervariasi serta pembuatannya yang mudah dan tidak lama. Subtitusi tepung komposit dari tepung kulit singkong dan kacang tunggak dalam pembuatan muffin diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kadar serat kasar dan kadar protein juga mengurangi ketergantungan pada tepung terigu. Muffin tersebut dapat dikonsumsi oleh semua masyarakat khususnya penderita degeneratif dan kekurangan energi protein (KEP). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi tepung komposit terhadap kadar serat kasar, kadar protein dan daya terima muffin. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali replikasi. Perbandingan komposisi tepung terigu dan komposit 100% : 0% (P0), 90% : 10% (P1), 80% : 20% (P2), 70% : 30% (P3) dan 60% : 40% (P4). Uji kadar serat kasar menggunakan metode SNI 01-2891-1992, uji kadar protein menggunakan metode Kjeldhal. Analisis data menggunakan analisa One Way Anova, analisis uji daya terima dengan skala hedonic scale menggunakan uji statistik fridman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar serat kasar muffin berkisar 1,18%-1,79. Kadar protein muffin berkisar 6,09%-6,97%. Uji daya terima warna, aroma dan rasa muffin yang paling disukai pada P1 (80% : 20%). Terdapat pengaruh subtitusi tepung komposit terhadap kadar serat kasar, kadar protein dan daya terima (warna, aroma dan rasa) pada muffin..
Status Gizi, Kebiasaan Olahraga dan Masa Kerja dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pekerja
Authors: Aprianti Aprianti , Nur Deviana
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang : Kelelahan kerja merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja yang memicu terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Kelelahan kerja pada pekerja dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan produktivitas kerja. Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa 3 dari 5 pekerja di Instalasi Gizi RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin mengalami kelelahan kerja. Tujuan : mengetahui hubungan status gizi, kebiasaan olahraga dan masa kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di Instalasi Gizi RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Metode :  Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik. Rancangan penelitian yaitu cross sectional yang diuji statistik menggunakan spearman. Populasi yaitu seluruh pekerja Instalasi Gizi RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin dan sampel berjumlah 31 pekerja yang diambil dengan cara acak sederhana dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil : Hasil uji statistik penelitian ini menunjukkan responden terbanyak mengalami kelelahan sedang sebanyak 54,8%. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi (p value = 0,076), kebiasaan olahraga (p value = 0,373) dan masa kerja (p value = 0,397) dengan kelelahan kerja. Kesimpulan : Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi, kebiasaan olahraga dan masa kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja pada pekerja di Instalasi Gizi RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin. Saran : Pihak Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit disarankan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan penyuluhan terkait kelelahan kerja agar pekerja dapat mengetahui dampak dan dapat mencegah kelelahan berkepanjangan. Serta disarankan melakukan rotasi kerja sesuai bidangnya untuk mencegah kejenuhan kerja. Sebaiknya pekerja juga menjaga pola makan dan pola hidup yang baik agar produktivitas kerja meningkat.
Kata Kunci : Kelelahan Kerja, Instalasi Gizi, Kuesioner IFRC
Perbedaan Tingkat Kepatuhan Penggunaan APD (Alat Pelindung Diri ) Dan Tingkat Higiene Tenaga Di Instalasi Gizi (Studi di dua Rumah Sakit Swasta di Kota Banjarmasin Tahun 2018)
Authors: Sari Yulianti Nur Wulan , Abdurrachim Rijanti
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang : Penjamah makanan sebagai salah satu kontributor terjadinya  kontaminasi  makanan. Higiene tenaga perlu diperhatikan dalam pengolahan makanan. Dalam pencapaian dan terlaksananya higiene tenaga penyelenggaraan makanan, perlunya penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) yang berguna agar keamanan makanan pasien terjamin serta menghindari kecelakaan kerja saat bekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui  perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan APD dan tingkat higiene tenaga di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit A dan Rumah Sakit B Banjarmasin. Metode :  Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik menggunakan penelitian komparatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah petugas di Ruang Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Bdan Rumah Sakit Islam Banjarmasin. Sampelnya yaitu 42 orang yang terdiri dari kriteria inklusi yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil : tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan APD di Instalasi Gizi Rumah SakitAjumlah terbanyak dikategori cukup patuh yaitu 39% dan di Rumah Sakit B Banjarmasin dikategori tidak patuh yaitu 54%. Pada tingkat higiene tenaga di Instalasi Gizi Rumah SakitAkategori baik sebesar 78% dan kategori sedang sebesar 22% dan di Rumah Sakit B Banjarmasin kategori baik sebesar 63% dan kategori sedang sebesar 38%. Kesimpulan : Tidak ada perbedaan pada tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan APD dan higiene tenaga di Instalasi Gizi Rumah SakitAdan Rumah Sakit BBanjarmasin.  Saran : Bagi kedua Rumah Sakit disarankan untuk lebih tegas dalam hal pengawasan dan sanksi agar tenaga penyelenggaraan makanannya lebih mematuhi dalam peraturan atau SOP yang telah ditetapkan.
 
Kata Kunci : Kepatuhan Penggunaan APD, Higiene Tenaga, Instalasi Gizi,Tenaga Penyelengaraan
Makanan
RELATIONSHIP OF FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND INSTANT BEVERAGES, VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AND FRUIT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES, STRESS LEVELS WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HYPERTENSION PATIENTS (Study in Banjarbaru Sungai Besar Health Center Work Area)
Authors: Yanti Helda , Dewi Zulfiana
Published: March 2023

Hipertensi merupakan PTM atau salah satu penyakit sistem kardiovaskuler yang paling banyak ditemui dibandingkan dengan penyakit sistem kardiovaskuler lain. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi makanan dan minuman instan, sayur buah, aktivitas fisik, tingkat stres dengan status gizi pada penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sungai Besar Banjarbaru Tahun 2019.
Metode ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian  adalah semua pasien hipertensi yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sungai Besar Banjarbaru sebanyak 160 dan sampel sebanyak 62 orang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data primer dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan pengukuran sedangkan data sekunder dengan cara pencatatan langsung arsip Puskesmas. Analisis data dengan uji Korelasi Rank Sperman dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (Î±=0,05)
Hasil penelitian menjukkan 50%  pada usia â‰¥ 36 tahun, 69,4% lebih banyak pada perempuan, 61,3% sering mengkonsumsi makanan dan minuman instan,  56,5% jarang mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah, 51,6% aktivitas ringan, 43,5% tingkat stres sedang, 38,7% status gizi gemuk. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pola konsumsi makanan dan minuman instan dengan status gizi, ada hubungan antara pola konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan status gizi, ada hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan staus gizi, dan tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan status gizi.
Saran kepada responden agar mengurangi konsumsi makanan dan minuman instan diganti dengan makanan yang bergizi seimbang dan perbanyak buah dan sayur serta berolahraga secara rutin. Bagi Puskesmas diharapkan agar meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan khususnya bagi penderita hipertensi
HUBUNGAN BODY IMAGE, TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PRAKTIK PERSONAL HYGIENE TENAGA PENJAMAH MAKANAN
Authors: Lestari Widya , Aprianti Aprianti
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang Personal hygiene tenaga penjamah makanan merupakan hal penting mengingat makanan yang disajikan kepada konsumen harus terjaga dan terjamin kualitasnya demi keamanan pangan. Hasil studi pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa praktik personal hygiene tenaga penjamah makanan di Rumah Makan Ayam Bakar Wong Solo Jalan Ahmad Yani KM 34.5 Banjarbaru sebanyak 60% buruk. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan body image, tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap praktik personal hygiene tenaga penjamah makanan (di Rumah Makan Ayam Bakar Wong Solo Banjarbaru). Metode jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 30 tenaga penjamah makanan di Rumah Makan Ayam Bakar Wong Solo Jalan Ahmad Yani KM 34.5 Banjarbaru dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen menggunakan kuesioner. Variabel pada penelitian ini adalah praktik personal hygiene, body image, tingkat pengetahuan, dan sikap. Penghubungan data menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden memiliki personal hygiene baik 83.3% dan yang sedang 16.7%. Sebanyak 86.7% memiliki body image positif dan 13.3% memiliki body image negatif. Responden memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 86.7% dan pengetahuan sedang 13.3%. Sebanyak 76.7% memiliki sikap positif dan 23.3% memiliki sikap negatif. Kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara body image, pengetahuan, dan sikap dengan praktik personal hygiene tenaga penjamah makanan. Rumah Makan perlu melakukan pengawasan agar tenaga penjamah makanan memperhatikan higiene seperti menggunakan masker menutupi hidung dan mulut, sarung tangan, tidak menggunakan perhiasan dan berbicara pada saat bekerja serta perlunya penambahan pengetahuan higiene dengan cara pelatihan terhadap tenaga penjamah makanan.
Middle Iron Age tombs from Noratus (Sevan region, Armenia)
Authors: Yengibaryan Nora
Published: March 2023

The cemetery under discussion is located to the north of Noratus village (Gegharkunik region, Republic of Armenia), on the left side of the Sevan-Vardenis highway, in the neighbourhood of the fortress-settlement called ‘Seven Springs’. It was excavated during 1989-1990. The subject of this study are three tombs (nos 18, 21 and 22) belonging to the Middle Iron Age (8th-6th centuries BC) and corresponding to the period of expansion of the Urartian Kingdom in the northern territories of the Armenian Highland. The tomb no. 22 was destroyed during agricultural works and the tombs no. 18 and 21 were managed to excavate. The materials unearthed from the mentioned tombs (pottery, weapons, objects related to the horse harness, working tools and embellishments, objects of adornment and outfit as well as seals) demonstrate the high level of material culture in the region, known as Uduri-Etiuni in Urartian written sources. The archaeological materials considered in this study coincide with historical data on coexistence of local and imported elite traditions of material culture within the same region.
Preliminary results of the Getahovit-2 Cave excavations in 2018
Authors: Irena Kalantaryan , Ghanem Ghanem
Published: March 2023

Except for the newly discovered archaeological sites that can be determined as classical models (keys), additional, deeper, information and examination in the study of the Chalcolithic period of Armenia can be found in the caves, rock shelters and open-air camps. In that list, Getahovit-2 cave has its own niche, in terms of the environmental context and its being very well stratified and dated due to systematic excavations. Moreover, the cave is the perfect example of a place that was used by pastoralist groups as a sheep and goat keeping place during the Chalcolithic period in the region and the first, where the phenomenon has been fixed and studies as well. The cave is located in the valley (N 40°54’38.5’’, E 045°05’59.7’’) formed by the Khachaghbyur River (the tributary of Aghstev River) at an elevation of c. 968 m.a.s.l., between the modern villages of Yenokavan and Getahovit (Tavush region). It consists of two halls: the first, opening to the south, covering an area of 64 m2, and the second accessed through a narrow passageway. The excavations, conducted by the Armenian-French joint project, began there in 2011 and continued until 2017. The results yielded cultural deposits nearly 2 m deep, with Medieval horizons, overlaying the Chalcolithic period. Finally, the Upper Palaeolithic horizon has been fixed by deep test sounding. With its radiocarbon dates, the Chalcolithic period attested from Getahovit-2 cave is placed very well in the middle sequence of the chronological chart based on radiometric dating. Additionally, one result showed very early Chalcolithic period presence (5289-4995 cal BC), which is extremely interesting. This contribution presents the preliminary results of the 2018 excavations undertaken by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, NAS RA, with the financial support of the Ijevan Wine-Brandy Factory. Although only the preliminary results will be presented, some important particularities will be stressed in terms of the typological and technological differences of the pottery in comparison with the previous collections found in the cave. The discussion will concern the general situation and description of the newly excavated Chalcolithic layers after they were covered by mud streams mixed with small stones flowing into the hall. Some questions of stratigraphy will be presented which could be correlated with previous seasons’ excavations.
Update on Hittite latti: an Anatolian-Greek isolexeme?
Authors: Puhvel Jaan
Published: March 2023

Critically reconsidering, updating, and improving the treatment of the noun latti- in earlier work, weighing a semantic and/or etymological affinity as ‘share, lot, part’ with the Greek verbs νέμω and λαγχάνω.
Inscribed stelae fragments and a stela base recently found at Karahan, eastern Turkey, and the problem of Karahan in Urartian epigraphy
Authors: Işık Kenan , Genç Bülent , Gökce Bilcan , Kuvanç Rıfat
Published: March 2023

Stelae fragments found at Karahan from the end of the 19th century onwards have an important place in studies of Urartian inscriptions. Works in this field and the continued finds of inscribed stelae during every expedition have raised many questions and problems. In this contribution, we attempt to understand the reasons for the existence of these inscribed stelae and blocks at this site, and the continued increase in their numbers. Karahan’s location in the Lake Van Basin and the possibilities of transport of stelae to the site via various itineraries, including sea routes, are discussed. Possible locations from where the stelae fragments were brought are discussed in terms of toponyms and phrases mentioned in the inscriptions.
Alliance with Hell: Romans vs Armenians and Arabs
Authors: Cinemre İlhami Tekin
Published: March 2023

After the fall of the Sāsānian Empire, Armenians under Arab pressure asked for help from the Roman Emperor Constans II, whereupon, declared Tʿēodoros Ṙštuni as patrik and then tried to tie the Armenian Church to Constantinople. Armenians, however, rejected the attempt and formed an alliance with Arabs. Sebēos, Armenian historian and bishop noted, ‘All the Armenian princes made a pact with death and contracted an alliance with hell’. In this context, the purpose of this contribution is to indicate the choice of Tʿēodoros Ṙštuni between two poles, to emphasise the historical context of this ‘alliance with hell’, and to examine the gains and losses of the Armenians after this pact.
‘Looking for the tombs of dragons’: preliminary results of archaeo-geochemical prospecting studies at Tirinkatar - Karmir Sar area, southern slopes of Mt Aragats, Armenia
Authors: Hovhannisyan Arshavir , Arakelyan Dmitri , Von der Osten Harald , Hnila Pavol , Gilibert Alessandra , Siradeghyan Varduhi , Bobokhyan Arsen
Published: March 2023

An interdisciplinary archaeogeochemical research on vishaps (stone stelae also known as dragon stones) has been carried out for the first time in Armenia. The survey area is situated in the neighborhood of Tirinkatar and Karmir Sar volcanoes on southern slopes of Mt. Aragats. The geochemical prospecting studies have been realised on a high mountain meadow (2850 m asl) with 12 vishaps and numerous circular stone structures known as cromlechs. Five cromlechs excavated until now did not yield any human remains and the main aim of the geochemical prospection was to check whether other cromlechs detected by archaeological surface survey and by ground-penetrating radar contained burials. The geochemical haloes of some chemical elements indicate their anthropogenic character and a very high probability that some of the cromlechs were tombs.
Once more on the so-called ‘Felstreppentunnel’ in the Armenian Highlands
Authors: Dan Roberto
Published: March 2023

The present article is aimed to discuss the problem of the dating of the ‘stepped rock-cut tunnels’, also known in the literature by the German term ‘Treppentunneln’ or ‘Felstreppentunnel’. The last section is dedicated to further thoughts on the problems involved in dating most of the Urartian archaeological remains currently known, from a wider perspective.
The Armenian-German Artaxata Project: preliminary report on the excavations in Artashat 2019
Authors: Lichtenberger Achim , Zardaryan Mkrtich H. , Schreiber Torben , Hamer Ute , Orendi Andrea
Published: March 2023

The paper deals with the second campaign of the Armenian-German Artaxata Project undertaken in 2019. The classical city of Artashat-Artaxata was founded in the 2nd century BC as the capital of the Armenian kingdom. The city stretches over the 15 hills of the Khor Virap heights and the adjacent plain in the Ararat valley. The new project, started in 2018, focusses on Hill XIII and the Lower city to the south and the north of it. This area was investigated by magnetic prospections in 2018 and on the basis of its results, in total eleven 5 × 5 m trenches were excavated. On the eastern part of Hill XIII several structures of possibly domestic function were uncovered. They were laid out according to a regular plan and in total three phases could be determined. According to C14 data, the first phase already dates to the 2nd-1st centuries BC while the subsequent two phases continue into the 1st century AD. In the 2019 campaign, the overall layout and exact function of the structures could not be determined and more excavations will be undertaken in the forthcoming years. North and north-west of Hill XIII the foundations of piers of an unfinished Roman aqueduct on arches were excavated. This aqueduct is attributed to the period 114-117 AD when the emperor Trajan in vain tried to establish the Roman province of Armenia with Artaxata being its capital. The excavated aqueduct is a unique architectural structure in Armenia and adjacent regions of the Near East.
The Paleolithic archaeology of Shirak Province and the open-air site of Aghvorik
Authors: Glauberman Phil
Published: March 2023

Shirak Province in the Republic of Armenia is very rich in Paleolithic sites. Since the first discovery of Paleolithic artifacts in the 1930s, chance finds and field investigations by numerous scholars and archaeological expeditions have brought to light several new localities and findspots, among which the open-air site complex at Aghvorik is currently the most prominent. The Paleolithic sites of Shirak are geomorphologically associated with the Ashotsk Plateau in the north, the Shirak Depression and northwestern slopes of Mt. Aragats in the south, and the Akhuryan River gorge in the west. These areas contain several sources of high-quality lithic raw materials, including dacite, obsidian, and flint. The geomorphic and topographic locations of Paleolithic sites relate to phases of Plio-Pleistocene volcanism, glaciations in high elevation uplands, and the lacustrine and alluvial dynamics that formed the paleorelief and paleoenvironment. Lithic artifact assemblages generally present techno-typological characteristics consistent with early and late phases of the Acheulian, as observed at Lower Paleolithic sites in the Armenian Highlands and Southern Caucasus. While currently fewer in number than Lower Paleolithic finds, Middle Paleolithic artifacts obtained from sites in Shirak tend to be better preserved and made mainly of obsidian, while some dacite artifacts have also been documented. Shirak is also rich in paleontological, or zooarchaeological sites that have yielded a range of Pleistocene macro- and micro-faunal remains. While the Paleolithic archaeological, biostratigraphic, and geological records of Shirak have not yet been subject to systematic documentation and synthesis, the area holds great potential for future research to enlarge and complement the database of Pleistocene human occupation and environment in the broader region.
Die Mär vom griechischen und/oder wölfischen Ursprung von Lykiern, Lykaonen, Lukkā und Luwija
Authors: Schürr Diether
Published: March 2023

The Greek name for the Trm͂mili people in Asia Minor was Λύκιοι, naturally explained by some Greek authors as from λύκος, ‘wolf’, either directly or via a personal name. This has inspired modern explanations by means of the same word. The first was that the Hittite country of Luwija was, just like Lycia, named after wolves, i.e. from a word for ‘wolf’ cognate with the Greek word, whereas the Akkadian name-form Lukku of another country have been influenced by the Greek form. The second explanation was that the Lycians, the Lycaonians and even the Hittite land of Lukkā were named after λύκος, but that this would be a word of pre-Greek origin. The third retains λύκος as a Greek word, making out that Lycians and Lycaonians, together with Lukkā, were originally Greek worshippers of a wolfish Apollo. The fourth turns the Lycians – and then also Lukkā – in the wake of the racist ‘Männerbund’ ideology, into a wolfish Greek ‘Jungmannschaft’, which became the ruling class in the later Lycia. This is certainly a fantasy without any linguistic or archaeological basis, and the explanation of Lukkā via a non-Greek but Proto-Anatolian *lukos ‛wolf’ is not a viable alternative. And there is no need to explain the name of the Bronze Age land of Luwiya via a putative Proto-Indo-European *lukwos either. Lukkā, Lykioi and Lykaones are more plausibly derived from the PIE root *leuk-/louk-/luk-, like English light. An independent attempt, which depicts the Lycians as former Aegean migrants who abandoned their Greek language, is based on two Greek loanwords, a putative link between a Lycian and a Greek word, and two phonological developments which have parallels in Greek, but are of a very different age. This is certainly not enough to corroborate that hypothesis.
Feminine figurine of Shengavit and its parallels
Authors: Azizyan Anna
Published: March 2023

It is widely believed that anthropomorphic, especially feminine images are characteristic to early agricultural cultures. Unlike Mesopotamia, anthropomorphic statues are not very common in the Armenian Highlands. The present article discusses female figurines of Shengavit culture of Early Bronze Age with particular case from the settlement Shengavit. Our inquires demonstrate, that some feminine figurines are shaped in a generalized-realistic way, and some in a schematic-symbolic style. Feminine figurines have been found in dwellings, in hearthsand around them, sometimes also in ritual structures. They are mostly depicted nude. The female figurines were probably used during ritual ceremonies, which, apparently, took place around the hearths. During these ceremonies, the limbs of the figurines - arms and legs, sometimes the body and the head - were dismembered. Female statuettes with animal heads probably symbolized and at the same time attributed to the symbolic features of the animal. Female statues symbolized fertility and maternal deities, which were used in rituals.
Twenty years of Kura-Araxes research at Tel Bet Yerah: What we have learned
Authors: Greenberg Raphael , Iserlis Mark , Paz Sarit
Published: March 2023

Tel Bet Yerah has provided us with an opportunity to advance the study of diasporic Kura-Araxes research in multiple ways. Reflecting on what we have learned in twenty years at the site, we summarize the evidence for an assemblage that goes far beyond Khirbet Kerak ceramics, and includes the organization of space, miniature art, stone and metal artifacts, food and fuel acquisition and consumption practices. We also reflect on our evolving understanding of migration and interaction with local cultures and on the role of intentionality in maintaining cultural and political distinction.
The story of Karaz: A brief history of the research, and an understanding of the process of the Kura-Araxes culture in the Erzurum Highlands
Authors: Işıklı Mehmet
Published: March 2023

The Kura-Araxean culture, which roughly characterizes the EBA period of the mountainous belt between the Taurus Mountains and the Caucasus, draws attention primarily with its geographical and chronological size. This cultural phenomenon, which has been influential in most of the Near Eastern geography for a long time, has been a subject that has been studied extensively by archaeologists and historians. Archaeological traces of this culture, which transcends today’s political borders, have been detected in the territory of almost more than ten countries. In this respect, culture has an important place in the cultural inventory and heritage of the Caucasus and related countries. Its geographical and chronological size is the source of both the richness and problems of this cultural phenomenon. These problems range from terminology to chronology. For example, in terms of terminology, culture has been called by different names in each region, depending on the regional dynamics throughout the research history of that region. A remarkable example in this regard is the name ‘Karaz’, which was given to the culture with the early researches in the Eastern Anatolian plateau, which is also the subject of this article. This article aims to tell a story of the ‘Karaz Culture’, from its emergence to its intelligibility, that is, its long journey.
On the Kura-Araxes expansion
Authors: Kosyan Aram
Published: March 2023

Towards the end of the 4th millennium BC Kura-Araxes culture of Transcaucasia (Early Transcaucasian culture) was terminated and later replaced by heterogeneous Kura-Araxes II. The settlements ceased to exist, in some cases due to destruction and/or conflagration. In archaeological literature had been expressed different views in regard to the termination of the Kura-Araxes I which mostly concern its possible causes. The study of this problem in the context of contemporary Near Eastern and Egyptian history and the so-called 5.2 k. BC climate event as well, the end of the Kura-Araxes I and the appearance of its different artifacts in Eastern Asia Minor, Lake Urmiya basin, and Syria-Palestine shows that, probably, this event was the result of global changes in the environment. The article is an attempt to suggest some remarks concerning the motives of the Kura-Araxes expansion, based upon the current understanding of this culture.
Zoomorphic clay figurines from the Early Bronze Age settlement of Harich
Authors: Saribekyan Mariam
Published: March 2023

Harich is one of the Early Bronze Age archaeological sites of Armenia. The site is also known with its anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines dated to that period, the subject-matter of this article. These figurins that are now kept in the archaeological funds of the History Museum of Armenia could serve as an important group of artefacts that would help us to deepen our knowledge about the lifestyle and beliefs of the ancient population of that period.
Study of the Stone Age in the Republic of Armenia (Part 1 – Lower Palaeolithic)
Authors: Gasparyan Boris , Adler Daniel S. , Wilkinson Keith N. , Nahapetyan Samvel , Egeland Charles P. , Glauberman Philip J. , Malinsky-Buller Ariel , Arakelyan Dmitri , Arimura Makoto , Dan Roberto , Frahm Ellery , Haydosyan Hayk , Azizbekyan Hayk , Petrosyan Artur , Kandel Andrew W.
Published: March 2023

The area encompassing the modern Republic of Armenia lies within the Armenian highlands and is situated at the very core of a dynamic corridor between Africa and Eurasia. As such, Armenia proves critical for understanding the initial stages of human settlement and the formation of ancient civilisations in the Near East and beyond. Stone Age artefacts have been known to exist within the territory of Armenia since the end of the 19th century, and they indicate that the area attracted a variety of Stone Age populations, from early hominids to early complex societies of the Chalcolithic. Presented work is the first attempt to summarise the results and achievements of the Stone Age archaeology in Armenia which is counting its history more than a century.
Gleanings from the history of Armenian-German archaeological relations
Authors: Bobokhyan Arsen
Published: March 2023

Armenian-German archaeological contacts go back some 200 years. Interest by German archaeologists in Armenia, and the Caucasus in general, is based on several factors. On the one hand, Armenia was an important part of the ancient world, and, together with its cuneiform tradition, it readily became the focus for archaeological research. Moreover, during the 19th century Armenia and the Caucasus evolved into an area where answers to many questions related to newly discovered ancient cultures were looked for. Additionally, there had been a cluster of German communities in the region since the beginning of the 19th century – as well as German economic and political interests. In the meantime, for the Armenian society Germany represented one of the most important centres of the modern civilised world, especially in terms of its prestigious universities that attracted many Armenian students keen to study, acquire qualifications, and return to their native land to usher in change and develop their country.
Recent investigations in the Province of Lori
Authors: Herles Michael , Davtyan Ruben
Published: March 2023

Since 2016 an Armenian-German team has been resuming surveys in the province of Lori. After extensive surveys in the two northern districts of Stepanavan and Tashir in 2016, corresponding explorations were conducted in the southern districts of Spitak and Gugark in the following year 2017. In the eastern district of Tumanian our team has hardly done any work up to date. During the two surveys of 2016 and 2017, a total of 52 sites (Figure 1) were inspected, twelve of which are located in the district of Stepanavan, eleven in the district of Tashir, 19 in the district of Spitak, nine the district of Gugark, and one in the district of Tumanian. All sites bear a serial number with the abbreviation LS (= Lori Survey) and are listed in the appendix of this report.
The archaeological mission of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia and the National Research Council of Italy, 1994-2014
Authors: Biscione Raffaele , Hmayakyan Simon
Published: March 2023

In 1993 the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute for Mycenaean, Aegean and Anatolian Studies (ISMEA) of the Italian National Council of Research (CNR) signed an agreement of co-operation that led to the joint archaeological survey in the Lake Sevan basin in the following years. The main aim of ISMEA, that had a long tradition of Urartian studies, was the study of that area as the north-eastern frontier of the Urartian kingdom, focusing in particular on the systems of territorial control.
Ervandashat : résumé d’une étude archéologique de 2005-2014
Authors: Parsamyan Arevik , Gabrielyan Armine
Published: March 2023

Le site d’Ervandashat se situe entre les villages d’Ervandashat et de Bagaran, près du confluent de l’Araxe et de l’Akhurian, dans la région d’Armavir (carte n° 1). Le territoire entre ces deux villages est non seulement riche en monuments historiques, mais fait aussi partie de ces territoires uniques où il est possible de trouver des matériaux ethnographiques remarquables. Ici, les monuments historiques, les sites archéologiques, les khatchkars et les stèles cultuelles, auxquels il faut ajouter le paysage magnifique, créent un remarquable ensemble culturel.
Babken Arakelyan
Authors: Zardaryan Mkrtich H.
Published: March 2023

It is not easy to gather and organise your thoughts in order to write about an individual that had a significant impact on your professional and (partially) personal life. Babken Arakelyan was exactly that person for me, the author of these lines.Much has been written about the life and accomplishments of Academician, Professor Arakelyan. In fact, he was worthy of all that. This scholar, a student of the noteworthy Armenologist, Orientalist, Director of the Hermitage, Hovsep Orbeli, composed many valuable works regarding the history and culture of Classical and Medieval Armenia. For decades, he was in charge of the excavations of Garni, Armavir, Artashat, and other sites. He was also the founder of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography NAS RA, taught for many years, and was the supervisor of dozens of dissertations. Armenia’s school of Classical archaeology was formed through his efforts. However, there is no need to list all the accomplishments of this meritorious scholar’s fruitful life in detail here, since that is accessible on the NAS RA official website. I would more likely stress out all of Babken Arakelyan’s personal qualities that characterised him especially as a TEACHER.
Substitusi Tepung Sagu dan Modified Cassava Flour (Mocaf) pada Produk Makanan Tradisional Ilepa’o
Authors: Zainuddin Asniwati , Xyzquolyna Deyvie , Laboko Asriani I , Anto Anto , Mokoginta Sri Yuniati
Published: March 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kadar air, kadar abu, kadar  protein dan tingkat penerimaan panelis terhadap produk tradisional Ilepa’o yang diolah dengan mensubstitusi tepung mocaf pada tepung sagu. Penelitian ini menggunakan  rancangan acak lengkap atau (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian diperoleh yaitu P1 = 50g tepung sagu, P2 = 50g tepung mocaf, P3= 10g tepung sagu+40g tepung mocaf, dan P4=25g tepung sagu+25g tepung mocaf.  Hasil analisa yang di peroleh adalah kadar air P1= 50,41%, P2= 58,90%, P3= 57,86%, dan P4= 55,02%. Kadarabu P1= 1,16%, P2= 2,15%, P3=2,38%, dan P4=2,33%. Kadar protein P1= 11,84%, P2= 11,87%, P3= 9,16%, dan P4= 9,56%. Hasil uji organoleptikpada makanan tradisional ilepao yang paling di sukai oleh panelis (dari segi rasa, aroma, dan tekstur)    adalah perlakuan P4 yaitu dengan formulasi 25gtepung sagu+25g tepung mocaf. Penambahan tepung mocaf memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap kadar air dan kadar protein, sedangkan pada kadar abu memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada produk ilepa’o.
Level of Poverty in Cities and Regencies
Authors: Br Sitepu Sri Nathasya
Published: March 2023

This study analyzes the poverty rate of regencies/cities on the island of Sumatra using quantitative methodology. Panel data regression analysis techniques with Pooled least Square (PLS), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The panel data in the study is a combination of time series data for 2010-2019 with cross-section data from 153 regencies/cities on the island of Sumatra. The purpose of the study was to find the best panel data regression model and determine the variables that affect the poverty rate of regencies/cities on the island of Sumatra. The results of the research analysis found a fixed effect model (FEM) as the best model for analyzing the poverty rate (P0) of regencies/cities on the island of Sumatra. Access to electricity, access to adequate drinking water, acquisition of GRDP and government capital expenditure are variables that have a significant impact on the poverty rate (P0). Access to sanitation and population are not variables that affect the level of poverty (P0). The managerial implications of the government prioritize increasing district/city GRDP to reduce poverty.
Ectoplasma: O Poder da Cura Através da Manipulação dos Fluídos
Authors: Souza Nilva Regina de
Published: March 2023

O presente trabalho objetivou contextualizar através de revisão bibliográfica, a importância do conhecimento do Ectoplasma e a sua manipulação para a cura de diversas doenças que muitas vezes não são diagnosticadas por médicos e especialistas da área de saúde, portanto, há a necessidade de um novo olhar para o ser e para a saúde, observando que a verdadeira cura que acontece no ser é a cura espiritual, apontando que a religiosidade/ espiritualidade estão presentes no nosso dia-a-dia, e que devem ser reconhecidas como fatores importantes na promoção da saúde e cura de diversas doenças. O ectoplasma vem sendo estudado por pesquisadores e utilizado no equilíbrio e na cura de doenças principalmente nos centros espíritas, que através dos médiuns, são manipulados e utilizados para refazimento do ser. O conhecimento e a manipulação do fluido chamado ectoplasma poderá ser um grande aliado no tratamento da saúde e cura de doenças se utilizados de forma séria e comprometida por profissionais da saúde, assim como também poderá ser utilizado por demais pessoas interessadas e conhecedoras do ectoplasma que estejam aptas em realizar esse tipo de tratamento.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИСВІТЛЕННЯ ГЕНДЕРНИХ КОНЦЕПТІВ В СУЧАСНОМУ МАС-МЕДІЙНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ
Authors: Чорнодон Мирослава
Published: March 2023

У статті з’ясовано особливостігендерних концептів сучасної періодики для жінок і чоловіків. Проблема гендерної концептосфери розглядається у векторі психолінгвістичного аспекту. Проведене дослідження дало змогу визначити, які тлумачення концептів «жінка» та «чоловік» можна виявити на сторінках сучасної гендерно маркованої періодики і таким чином детально проаналізувати гендерну концептосферу через призму видових характеристик концептів. Визначено особливості вживання гендерних концептів у сучасній періодиці для жінок та чоловіків. Виявлено найчастіше вживані похідні цих макроконцептів, тобто їх мікроконцепти та детально їх проаналізовано. З’ясовано, що видання для жінок та чоловіків насичені різноманітними гендерними концептами, які вживаються у різних контекстах. Гендерні стереотипи, які реалізовані в концептах-мінімумах та максимумах, використовується в різних сферах життєдіяльності – в тому числі сферах діяльності, які ніби не пов’язані з проблемами взаємовідносин між статями – тому, що стать легко ідентифікується індивідом; стереотипні уявлення про чоловіків та жінок співвідносні з його особистим досвідом, а взаємини між статями сприймаються як найбільш очевидні, а відповідно, легітимні.
МОВА ТА КОМУНІКАЦІЯ В АСПЕКТІ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: Дрейчук Олеся , Ільченко Оксана
Published: March 2023

У статті розглянуто явище мови як складової людської культури в умовах світової глобалізації, рівні та засоби міжнародної комунікації, проаналізовані процеси та рушій¬ні чинники процесу становлення англійської мови як мови міжна¬родної комунікації. Досліджено, як вивчення мови ефективно впливає на подальше вивчення культури носія мови. Розглянуто питання культури в аспекті проблеми глобалізації. Досліджено основні історичні процеси, що привели до становлення англійської як міжнародної мови. Розглянуто використання англійської мови в різних сферах міжнародної комунікації та її ефективність у зв’язку з поставленими завданнями, які існують перед мовою, що виступає як офіційний комунікативний крите¬рій. Досліджено вплив англійської мови на виведення міжнародної комунікації на новий, більш ефективний рівень.