bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Adolescent », dites-vous ?
Authors: Bonnellier Roseline
Published: May 2021

Le vocabulaire dont Freud dispose pour parler de la « personne adolescente » est significatif d’une situation historico-culturelle qui diffère pour la fille / jeune fille par rapport au garçon et « jeune homme », en fonction de la puberté et en continuité avec la théorie de l’Œdipe. Dans une culture freudienne, le topos du Jüngling couplé avec le Knabe du classico-romantisme allemand, s’inscrit dans le mythe du héros observé ici en « retour à Goethe » sur la pierre de touche du héros faustien.
Management of Limbal Dermoids by Simple Excision in Young Children
Authors: Promelle Veronique , Lyons Christopher J.
Published: May 2021

Purpose:

To report the visual outcomes, refractive results, and complications of simple excision for limbal dermoid in the first 8 years of life.

Methods:

This retrospective chart review included all children aged 8 years or younger who underwent excision of a grade I or II limbal dermoid without involvement of the visual axis between the years 2000 and 2019.

Results:

Nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 4.2 ± 2.0 years (age range: 9 months to 8 years). The mean change in visual acuity was +1 ± 2.3 lines. The mean astigmatism was 3.20 ± 1.80 diopters (D) preoperatively and 3.50 ± 2.20 D at the last visit; the mean change in the astigmatism power was +0.20 ± 1.20 D (range: −1.50 to +2.75 D). Epithelial healing occurred in a mean of 8 days. No complications such as perforation were encountered. All patients had a good cosmetic outcome.

Conclusions:

Reepithelialization led to good cosmetic outcomes after this quick, simple, and uncomplicated procedure. There was no significant change in visual acuity or astigmatism, so amblyopia and astigmatism reduction are poor indications for limbal dermoid excision. Families should be counseled preoperatively that correction of the astigmatism and patching will remain essential in the postoperative management of amblyopia.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2021;58(3):196–201.]
Tai Chi Interventions Promoting Social Support and Interaction Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Koren Yael , Leveille Suzanne , You Tongjian
Published: May 2021

Tai chi is known to improve balance and reduce falls in older adults. Yet, little is known about the impact of group tai chi on perceived social support and its relationship with participant self-efficacy and adherence. The current systematic review, guided by Social Cognitive Theory and Successful Aging, includes an overview of tai chi interventions with and without enhancements (e.g., music, mentorship, group practice) that evaluated social support among their outcomes (
N
= 10). PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies eligible under the inclusion criteria: sample population aged ≥60 years and published between 1999 and 2019. Four articles reported on tai chi interventions with specific enhancements to promote social interaction and reported increased perceived social support (
p
< 0.05). Six studies evaluated social support outcomes of tai chi programs without specific modifications to promote social engagement. Four of the six traditional tai chi intervention studies reported improved social support (
p
< 0.05). Group tai chi interventions for older adults may increase social support and therefore further increase health benefits of tai chi exercise among this population. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 14
(3), 126–137.]
Aux frontières du fact-checking
Authors: Jaubert Elsa , Rivron Vassili
Published: May 2021

Le propos de cet article est d’analyser le rapport des principaux services français de fact-checking aux « théories du complot » et à la façon par laquelle les stratégies de contournement de cette catégorie repoussoir contribuent à définir les « théories du complot » comme déviances informationnelles et à réaffirmer la légitimité du travail de fabrication des « faits journalistiques » dans une démocratie. Après avoir analysé le discours des fact-checkeurs à propos du « complotisme », nous examinons comment cette catégorie opère dans la mise en œuvre des critères de sélection et de traitement des sujets à vérifier. Nous montrons ensuite comment l’un des enjeux de ce nouveau produit journalistique est de rétablir un lien de confiance auprès de publics vulnérables aux « lectures complotistes de l’actualité », d’une part en s’investissant d’une mission pédagogique et d’autre part en déployant des efforts de communication directe avec les lecteurs.
Dévoiler les « bobards » des médias dominants
Authors: Stephan Gaël , Vauchez Ysé
Published: May 2021

Le courant de la « réinformation » désigne un groupe d’acteurs militants alliant un ancrage idéologique identitaire et un répertoire d’action fondé sur une pratique informationnelle. Ainsi leur existence se fonde-t-elle sur une prétention à énoncer « la vraie vérité », tout en dénonçant ceux qui, selon eux, trahiraient les exigences professionnelles et éthiques du journalisme : les médias « mainstream ». L’étude ici proposée se concentre sur un moment de sociabilité important pour le mouvement : les Bobards d’Or, une cérémonie annuelle parodique récompensant « [les journalistes] qui n’hésitent pas à mentir délibérément pour servir le politiquement correct », organisée à Paris par la Fondation Polémia. En croisant l’observation ethnographique de plusieurs éditions de la cérémonie, et une analyse statistique des 111 « mensonges » proposés au vote des internautes entre 2012 et 2019, nous analysons les modalités par lesquelles ces acteurs construisent une légitimité hybride, affichant des positions militantes tout en se réclamant de la grammaire du journalisme professionnel. Par un usage stratégique de leur statut d’outsiders, dans leurs discours et dans leurs pratiques, les réinformateurs cherchent à inscrire leurs pratiques comme conformes aux valeurs et standards du journalisme dit « mainstream ». Ce faisant, ils prétendent endosser les normes dont ils sont accusés de dévier.
Pour une théorie critique de la gouvernance algorithmique et de l’intelligence artificielle
Authors: OUELLET Maxime
Published: May 2021

Dans une perspective dialectique, cet article cherche à saisir les fondements sociohistoriques des catégories centrales qui sont mobilisées dans le domaine de l’intelligence artificielle : la communication, la commande, le contrôle et l’information. L’intention est de poser les bases conceptuelles de l’élaboration d’une théorie critique de la gouvernance algorithmique en montrant comment les développements contemporains de l’intelligence artificielle participent d’une disqualification de la lettre au profit du nombre, c’est-à-dire à la substitution de la langue par le code (informatique). Au plan sociopolitique, cette mutation conduit à la mise en place d’une nouvelle forme algorithmique de régulation de la pratique sociale, la gouvernance algorithmique, qui repose sur un processus d’automatisation de la production de connaissances.
Langage, post-politique et automatisation : critique préventive de l’argumentation artificielle
Authors: COSSETTE Samuel
Published: May 2021

Cet article met en discussion les concepts de post-politique, de gouvernementalité algorithmique et de langage en traçant un portrait des recherches récentes dans le champ de l’argumentation mining, un champ de recherche en Big Data et en linguistique computationnelle. Il montre que les recherches en argumentation mining portent un intérêt particulier au débat politique, et offrent des méthodes qui participent au processus de dépolitisation du débat, mais sont encore loin de pouvoir saisir toutes les spécificités du langage.
Algorithmes de recommandation et culture technique : penser le dialogue entre éducation et design
Authors: CLAES Arnaud , WIARD Victor , MERCENIER Heidi , PHILIPPETTE Thibault , DUFRASNE Marie , BROWET Arnaud , JUNGERS Raphaël
Published: May 2021

Pour répondre à la démultiplication de contenus médiatiques accessibles en ligne, de nombreuses plateformes ont aujourd’hui recours à des algorithmes de recommandation pour structurer et hiérarchiser les flux d’information. Ces dispositifs sont critiqués pour l’importance qu’ils accordent à la satisfaction immédiate de l’utilisateur, menaçant la diversité d’opinion accessible au sein d’espaces médiatiques de plus en plus personnalisés. En croisant les résultats de recherches en sciences sociales et en sciences informatiques, cet article examinera la pertinence de la théorie de la « bulle de filtres ». A travers l’analyse de deux cas d’étude portant respectivement sur les modalités d’appropriation de systèmes de recommandation par des jeunes et sur la modélisation de dispositifs alternatifs, nous examinerons en quoi la mise en dialogue de l’éducation aux médias et du design peut contribuer à renégocier nos rapports avec des technologies dites « intelligentes ».
Éthique de l’intelligence artificielle et ubiquité sociale des technologies de l’information et de la communication : comment penser les enjeux éthiques de l’IA dans nos sociétés de l’information ?
Authors: BRUNEAULT Frédérick , LAFLAMME Andréane SABOURIN
Published: May 2021

L’intelligence artificielle (IA) occupe une place importante dans les discussions actuelles sur les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et les nouveaux modes de gouvernance algorithmique. Elle est une dimension incontournable de ce que seront à l’avenir les médiations sociales et les modes de reproduction de nos sociétés de l’information. Si plusieurs travaux en éthique de l’intelligence artificielle (EIA) se penchent sur des questions éthiques propres à certains domaines d’expertise, ces réflexions éthiques demeurent souvent confinées à des domaines restreints d’application, sans prendre en compte les enjeux éthiques globaux dans lesquels elles s’inscrivent. Nous nous proposons donc de clarifier les principales approches en EIA, leurs présupposés philosophiques et les caractéristiques propres à chacune, afin d’identifier la démarche la plus prometteuse pour élaborer une réflexion éthique sur le déploiement de l’IA dans nos sociétés.
Stratégies des Premiers Peuples au Canada concernant les données numériques : décolonisation et souveraineté
Authors: GENTELET Karine , BAHARY-DIONNE Alexandra
Published: May 2021

Dans cet article, nous proposons une réflexion à partir d’une posture d’alliées sur les enjeux de décolonisation informationnelle et de souveraineté des données. Considérant le recours croissant aux données numériques par une pluralité d’acteurs, nous cherchons à contribuer aux réflexions sur la gouvernance du numérique en y intégrant certains enjeux informationnels auxquels font face les Premiers Peuples au Canada. Nous proposons alors différentes observations qui appuient la thèse selon laquelle les stratégies numériques des Premiers Peuples, fondées sur des épistémologies traditionnelles et sur certaines structures de contrôle informationnel, ont le potentiel de mettre en œuvre une gouvernance décolonisée des données numériques qui les concernent. Ces stratégies témoigneraient alors de l’agentivité numérique des Premiers Peuples.
Active Technology and Accessories
Authors: Fletcher Jared R. , Tomkins-Lane Christy
Published: May 2021

Active technology (i.e. ‘wearables' and accompanying health tracking apps) is a multi-billion-dollar industry. Nearly one in every 10 people worldwide generates physiological and biomechanical data from wearable devices every day. This data allows users to evaluate their performance over time, to share with friends, to find like-minded training partners and share this data with their primary healthcare providers. Population-based research related to health, wellness, and physical activity is now feasible as a result of data generated from wearables. This chapter will highlight the major current trends and future applications for wearable devices from a user and research-based perspective across the active economy. The authors aim to highlight the practical and clinical utility of wearables to monitor training, fatigue, and performance on the athletic field, the workplace, and the clinical environments. The goal is to improve health, mobility, and quality of life of the end-user.
Design and Infrastructure in an Active Economy
Authors: Dawe Chris , Hentze Mark
Published: May 2021

This chapter provides a high-level overview of the elements that make up the active economy infrastructure. This includes a focus on urban design, master planning, and a review of facility types. Further discussion involves types of play that occur within various infrastructure, with a particular focus on parks. Finally, the operation of infrastructure is reviewed along with the trends that are impacting the design of active infrastructure.
Relatively-Integrated Ship Navigation by H¥ Fusion Filters
Authors: Yang Yanping , Li Ruiguang
Published: May 2021

For the system with unknown statistical property noises, the property that the energies of the system noise and the observation noise are limited is utilized in this paper. On this basis, two novel fusion algorithms are proposed for ship integrated navigation with the relative navigation information, broadcasted by the Automatic Identification Systems (AISs) in the adjacent ships. Firstly, an H∞ fusion filtering algorithm is given to deal with the navigation observation messages, under the centralized fusion framework. The integrated navigation method based on this algorithm cannot deal with the asynchronous navigation messages in real time. Therefore, a sequential H∞ fusion filtering algorithm is also given to sequentially deal with the asynchronous navigation messages, secondly. Finally, a computer simulation is employed to illustrate the validity and feasibility of the sequential method.
We Are Martinsville (WAM)
Authors: El Khafif Mona , Wibberly Kathy Hsu , Cleckley Elgin , Nguyen Tho H. , Divers Marcus H.
Published: May 2021

Rural communities in Virginia have experienced a decline caused by national economic trends. Formerly vibrant towns with rich histories and cultures increasingly suffer from a shrinking population and a lack of new investment, directly impacting the quality of life and services like education or healthcare. The loss of identity is a hindrance to innovative planning strategies and entrepreneurship. This paper reflects on an ongoing serious game effort developed by the University of Virginia and piloted in Martinsville, VA. That city's once-vibrant community faces challenges like unemployment, opioid addiction, and obesity. We Are Martinsville (WAM) recognizes Martinsville's rich ties to its history and cultural assets, offering a digital tool in support of a creative placemaking strategy. WAM fosters community engagement while simultaneously increasing outdoor activities and allowing stakeholders to generate place-based game content. This paper describes the findings of the pilot project.
Novel Classification of IoT Devices Based on Traffic Flow Features
Authors: Cvitić Ivan , Peraković Dragan , Periša Marko , Stojanović Mirjana D.
Published: May 2021

The concept of IoT (Internet of Things) assumes a continuous increase in the number of devices, which raises the problem of classifying them for different purposes. Based on their semantic characteristics, meaning, functionality or domain of usage, the system classes have been identified so far. This research purpose is to identify devices classes based on traffic flow characteristics such as the coefficient of variation of the received and sent data ratio. Such specified classes can combine devices based on behavior predictability and can serve as the basis for the creation of network management or network anomaly detection classification models. Four generic classes of IoT devices where defined by using the classification of the coefficient of variation method.
Access Control & Security Alarm System for BTS Management with Microcontroller
Authors: Karawita W.S.R.M. Charls , Dhammearatchi Dhishan , De Silva Rajeewa
Published: May 2021

This paper describes the design of Microcontroller based security and Access control system for use in Mobile base station premises. The system combines Microcontroller technology and Mobile Network to accomplish the required task. When the Visitor sends Short Message Service (SMS) to the centre office, the Centre office detects a mobile number, and then the system captures the user image and scans the database for a match. If both the Database image and captured image belong to a registered user, access is granted. When an unauthorized user opens the base station door without permission from centre office system turns on the alarm and the system captures the unauthorized user image. That system captures and sends the unauthorized user image to the centre office and the system turns on the alarm.
Efficacy and Safety of Azithromycin for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mangkuliguna Ghea , Glenardi  , Natalia  , Pramono Laurentius A.
Published: May 2021

Background: The lack of effective medications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a trend of drug repurposing such as the case of azithromycin which shows immunomodulatory and anti-viral effect. Several clinical trials have shown conflicting results. It is currently unclear whether the available evidence is in favor or against the use of azithromycin in COVID-19 patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Four independent reviewers selected relevant studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and ProQuest published prior to March 2021. The protocol used in this study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020224967). Results: We included 17 studies and found that the mortality rate (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.19), need of respiratory support (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.98–1.73), hospitalization rate (standardized mean difference, 0.12; 95% CI, –0.02 to 0.27), and intensive care unit transfer (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.79–1.86) of azithromycin-treated group did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from those of the control group. Azithromycin treatment did not significantly increase the risk of getting secondary infection (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.83–1.82), hypoglycemia (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.38–1.40), gastrointestinal problems (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73–1.45) or electrocardiogram abnormalities (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94–1.42). The overall quality of evidence ranged from low to very low. Conclusion: Azithromycin did not result in a superior clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients, although it was well-tolerated and safe to use.
Recruiting and Retaining Racially Minoritized Students into Professional Postbaccalaureate Athletic Training Programs
Authors: White Kimberly Ann , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Edler Nye Jessica R. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: May 2021

Context

Racially diverse individuals are underrepresented in the field of athletic training. Previous research identified multiple factors that may contribute to diversity concerns including a lack of access to higher education, underrepresentation, financial instability, lack of programming, and mentoring for minoritized students through matriculation in health care education programs.

Objective

To identify current recruitment and retention strategies aimed at racially minoritized students in athletic training programs.

Design

Consensual qualitative research.

Setting

Individual interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 14 professional athletic training program directors (age = 47 ± 7 years; years credentialed = 25 ± 7 years; years in role = 13 ± 7 years).

Main Outcome Measures

This qualitative study used consensual qualitative research methodology with the incorporation of multianalyst triangulation and member checking to establish trustworthiness. The interview protocol consisted of questions regarding current recruitment and retention strategies used by directors of professional master's programs.

Results

Four domains emerged from the study: (1) benefits of diversity, (2) marketing, (3) individualized support, and (4) enrollment management strategies. Participants expressed that diversity could lead to a more inclusive and positive learning environment and could improve patient care through establishing race concordance on the program Web site, social media, and other print materials. Program directors demonstrated a lack of awareness relative to available professional resources and the difference between creating equal versus equitable resources. Participants demonstrated variability in their awareness of enrollment management strategies, specific to admissions resources and professional resources.

Conclusions

Program directors appreciate the benefits of racial diversity and are actively engaged in marketing strategies to recruit minoritized students. They are also working to retain minoritized students but may be providing equal, rather than equitable, resources. Professional athletic training programs must continue to develop and promote effective strategies for admissions, support matriculation, and increase identifiable and equitable resources to better serve minoritized students.
High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging in Primary Angiitis of Central Nervous System
Authors: Sundaram Soumya , Kumar P Naveen , Sharma Dev Prakash , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Sreedharan Sapna Erat , Prasad B Arun , Sylaja PN
Published: May 2021

Background:

High-resolution vessel wall imaging (HRVWI) can aid in differentiating the various intracranial vasculopathies, but has been sparingly used in the diagnosis of primary angiitis of central nervous system (PACNS). This study is aimed to describe the vessel wall imaging characteristics of PACNS.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with confirmed diagnosis of PACNS according to the Calabrese and Mallek criteria who had abnormal HRVWI were included in this retrospective descriptive study. Magnetic resonance image of brain, conventional four-vessel cerebral digital subtraction angiogram, and HRVWI were read by a neuroradiologist. The vessel wall parameters assessed were T1W and T2W appearances, pattern of wall thickening and contrast enhancement, and remodeling index.

Results:

HRVWI done in 21 patients with PACNS yielded abnormality in 20 (95.2%) who were included in the analysis. The mean age at presentation was 42.55 ± 9.48 years and 14 (70%) were males. The median number of vessels involved were four (range 2–12). The commonest vessels affected were proximal middle cerebral artery (70%) and internal carotid artery (55%). Vessel wall thickening was concentric, eccentric, and absent in 12 (60%), 1 (5%), and 7 (35%) patients, respectively. Vessel wall enhancement was diffuse in 17 (85%), eccentric in 1 (5%), and absent in 2 (10%) patients. One patient had T2W hyperintense stenotic lesion. Remodeling index was negative in 11 (55%) patients.

Conclusion:

Distinctive vessel wall appearances were observed by HRVWI in PACNS, concentric vessel wall thickening and enhancement being more frequent. Hence, HRVWI can be considered as an additional noninvasive imaging modality in the diagnosis of PACNS.
The Association of Myositis Specific Antibodies in Patients with Inflammatory Myositis
Authors: Negalur Natasha Vijay , Ekbote Gayatri G. , Raval Dhiren N. , Tanna Dhaval V. , Kazi Wasim S. , Bindroo Muzaffar A. , Yadavalli Durgarao J. , Gupta Rajiva
Published: May 2021

Context:

Autoantibodies have a role in the diagnosis and prognosis in Autoimmune Inflammatory Myositis (AIM).

Aims:

The aim of this work was to study the prevalence and clinical correlation of myositis specific and associated antibodies (MSA and MAA) in AIM.

Setting and Design:

This was a cross-sectional observational study.

Methods and Materials:

Consecutive AIM patents were divided into groups as dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), CTD-associated myositis (CTD-M), cancer-associated myositis (CAM) and juvenile myositis (JM). Their data along with serum samples were collected after obtaining informed consent. Sera was analyzed for IgG antibodies against Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, SRP, Mi-2, MDA-5, TIF1γ, SAE1, SAE2, NXP2 and SSA/R052kD using the microELISA technique. The institutional ethics committee approved the study.

Statistical Analysis:

SPSS software (version 24.0) was used. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

There were 48 patients (DM = 19, PM = 19, CTD-M = 5, CAM = 2, JM = 3) included. MSA were positive in 37.5% patients. Antibodies against Mi-2 were present in 6 (12.5%), Jo-1 in 5 (10.4%), 2 (4.1%) each had PL-7 and SRP antibodies. One patient (2%) each had MDA-5, NXP2 and TIf1g antibodies. Jo-1 antibody was associated with mechanic's hands and ILD. There was a significant association of rash in the Mi-2 group with none of the patients having ILD. Malignancy screening was negative in NXP2 and TIF1g antibody-positive patients. Ro52 was the most common MAA (33.3%) and was associated with mechanic's hand.

Conclusion:

MSA was present in almost 40% of the cohort. Anti Jo-1 antibody was associated with mechanic's hands and ILD. None of the Mi-2 patients had ILD, which may point to a protective role of this antibody for ILD. The association of newer antibodies in Indian patients needs to be further studied in larger cohorts.
Comprehensive Functional Evaluation of the Spectrum of Multi-System Atrophy with 18F-FDG PET/CT and 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT
Authors: Seniaray Nikhil , Verma Ritu , Ranjan Rajeev , Belho Ethel , Mahajan Harsh
Published: May 2021

Aim:

To elucidate the patterns of characteristic hypometabolism on 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in multisystem atrophy (MSA) and their correlation with the patterns of uptake on dopamine transporter imaging with 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with clinically diagnosed MSA was performed. All the subjects underwent 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning on two separate days. The 99mTc-TRODAT-1 scans were analyzed visually for asymmetry and rostro-caudal gradient. The FDG uptake patterns were recorded, and areas of hypometabolism that were two standard deviations from the mean were considered abnormal.

Results:

All the subjects had an abnormal pattern of FDG uptake on PET scan, both on a visual inspection and semiquantitative analysis. In MSA-P subjects (n = 29), diffuse predominant hypometabolism of the globus pallidus-putamen complex was noted, with relative sparing of the caudate nuclei. In MSA-C subjects (n = 25), characteristic hypometabolism was noted in the cerebellum and brainstem. In mixed subtypes (n = 13), variable involvement of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem was noted with frontoparietal hypometabolism. A statistically significant difference between MSA-P and MSA-C for gradient reduction and asymmetry with gradient reduction was observed.

Conclusion:

Dopamine transporter imaging with 99mTc TRODAT-1 SPECT not only helps in confirmation of parkinsonian disorders but also demonstrates varying patterns of distribution in different subtypes of MSA. Characteristic patterns of hypometabolism in 18F-FDG PET may help in the differentiation of the subtypes of MSA in the presence of clinically overlapping symptoms.
Assembling an Ecosystem
Authors: Ungar Paula
Published: May 2021

In Colombia in 2016, extraordinary upper mountain ecosystems known as páramos were legally delimited by the central state as strict conservation areas, based exclusively on maps produced with biophysical information. Inside their boundaries, most human activities were forbidden, although most páramos have been inhabited and used for centuries. I interrogate the making of these exclusionary state páramos using the analytic of assemblage. This framework allows me to go beyond the understanding of fields of state control as merely the product of a process of top-down authoritarian territorialisation, and make the practices of heterogeneous subjects around the production of delimited páramos visible. It also helps me investigate what happened to these subjects in the process, and contribute to a critical understanding of their roles in the establishment of conservation areas. I argue that this process had three interrelated outcomes: the state was pushed away from a liberal government of upper mountains, and towards a centralised, authoritarian scheme; scientific practices resisted state power around conservation; and some social organisations became instrumental to a simplifying grand scheme. I propose that the threat of mining extractivism in the 2010s influenced the practices of these three subjects, and catalysed the assemblage of coercively delimited páramos and their exclusion from the productive grid.
Plasmalyte versus normal saline as resuscitation fluid in children
Authors: Arya Vandana , Kavitha M , Mittal Kundan , Gehlawat Virender Kumar
Published: May 2021

Background:

Plasmalyte A, a balanced solution is reported to be associated with a reduced incidence of hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis when compared with 0.9% NaCl among adults. Considering the paucity of evidence in the pediatric population, the present study was conducted with an objective to compare the efficacy and safety of plasmalyte and normal saline as intravenous fluid bolus therapy in children with shock in terms of Electrolytes and Acid-base balance at admission and at 6 h.

Subjects and Methods:

This double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the pediatric emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital among children aged 1 month to 14 years who presented to the ED with shock. A total of 400 children were randomized to receive either plasmalyte or 0.9% saline solution as intravenous fluid bolus therapy. Changes in laboratory parameters including pH, serum bicarbonate levels, serum lactate level, and serum electrolytes-sodium, potassium, chloride levels from baseline (hour 0) to hour 6 were compared in both groups. Secondary outcomes included the need for vasopressors, duration of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality.

Results:

The two groups were similar in terms of baseline clinical characteristics. Patients receiving plasmalyte demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the pH (P = 0.001), bicarbonate (P = 0.001) and lactate levels (P = 0.03) compared with patients receiving normal saline. In addition, normal saline group patients had a higher rise in sodium (P = 0.11) and chloride levels (P = 0.02) as compared to the plasmalyte group. The children who received plasmalyte had a significantly lesser need for vasopressors (P = 0.04), shorter mean duration of hospital stay (P = 0.01), and lower mortality (P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Plasmalyte was superior to Normal saline when used as a resuscitation fluid in children with shock, in terms of better improvement of acid-base balance after fluid bolus therapy, a lower rise in serum chloride level at 6 h from baseline, shorter hospital stay, lesser need for vasoactive drugs and lower mortality.
Validation of the Malayalam version of the parental stressor scale
Authors: Sethuraman Janani , Venkateswaran Chitra
Published: May 2021

Background:

For any research, it is important to ensure that an establish instrument conforms to the culture of the population in focus. The objectives of this study include translation of the Parental Stressor Scale: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PSS: PICU) questionnaire into Malayalam and the analysis of its psychometric properties.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study of 201 parents of children admitted to the PICU. The PSS: PICU questionnaire was first translated into Malayalam language using the standard “Forward-Backward” procedure. Following consent, parents completed the demographic sheet and the Malayalam version of PSS: PICU scale within 30 min.

Results:

Analysis showed good psychometric properties for the Malayalam PSS: PICU questionnaire when compared to the original English version. The principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation was used to assess the validity and was found to favor the conceptual dimensions of the original English questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient used to assess reliability was 0.865 for the entire scale reflecting good internal consistency.

Conclusion:

The PSS: PICU questionnaire was translated to Malayalam and the psychometric properties of the Malayalam version were found to be adequate, albeit requires further exploration before extensive use.
The Potential Role of Pharmacogenomics in Optimizing Drug Regimens for Older People with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Cox Jarvett M. , Marshall Leisa L.
Published: May 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder common in older individuals. While many clinical guidelines endorse the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as first-line therapy in the treatment of MDD, the use of SSRIs in older populations can result in medication-related
adverse events. The use of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing as a personalized tool to determine optimal SSRI therapy could offer a means to decrease morbidity and improve overall quality of life in older people. This manuscript will review the epidemiology and criteria of MDD according to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), discuss the prevalence of MDD in older individuals, review the clinical treatment guidelines for the use of SSRIs in MDD, provide a brief overview of PGx testing, and present evidence for SSRI therapy modifications
based on PGx testing.
Early Outcome of Laparotomy Wounds in Pediatric Patients in TASH, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Six-Months Prospective Study
Authors: Fisseha Temesgen  , Abay Gosaye  , Nichole Starr  , Woubedil Kiflu  , Hana Getachew  , Belachew Dejene  , Amezene Tadesse  , Miliard Derbew  , Tihitena Negussie
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Surgical Site Infection (SSI) and wound dehiscence are two early complications of laparotomy causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of SSI and wound dehiscence in pediatric surgical patients.METHODS: We performed a prospective observational study of all pediatric surgical patients who underwent laparotomy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, from December 2017 to May 2018. Data collected included demographics, operative indication, nutritional status, prophylactic antibiotics administration, and duration of operation. Primary outcome was SSI; secondary outcomes were hospital stay and other postoperative complications, including wound dehiscence and mortality. Data were analyzed using SPSS, Version 23. Fisher’s exact and Chi-squared tests used to report outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with SSI, wound dehiscence and other outcomes.RESULTS: Of 114 patients, median age was 46 months [range: 1day-13years]; 77(67.5 %) were males. Overall SSI rate was 21.05%. Nine (7.9%) developed wound dehiscence while 3(2.6%) had abdominal contents evisceration. Overall mortality rate was 2.6%. In multivariate analysis, prophylactic antibiotics administration (AOR=13.05, (p=0.006)), duration of procedure (AOR=8.62, (p=0.012)) and wound class (AOR=16.63, (p=0.034)) were independent risk factors for SSI while SSI was an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay, >1 week (AOR=4.7, p=.003,) and of wound dehiscence (AOR=33. 96,p=0.003). Age (p=0.004) and malnutrition (p<0.001) were significantly associated with wound dehiscence.CONCLUSION: SSI and wound dehiscence are common in this setting. Wound contamination, antibiotics administration >1 hour before surgery and operative time >2 hours are independent predictors of SSI.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolates from Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Attending A Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Daniel Kahase  , Kassu Desta  , Zelalem Yaregal  , Bazezew Yenew  , Getu Driba  , Hilina Molalign  , Absra Solomon  , Fitsum Bekele
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND፡ Mycobacterial infections are known to cause a public health problem globally. The burden of pulmonary disease from nontuberculous mycobacteria is reportedly on the rise in different parts of the world despite the fact that there is limited data about the disease in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Hence, we aimed to assess the magnitude of M. tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending St. Paul’s hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 20/2016. Morning sputum specimens were collected, processed and cultured in Lowenstein Jensen medium and BACTEC MGIT 960 media. The nontuberculous mycobacteria were further confirmed and characterized by Genotype CM/AS assays. The socio-demographic, clinical and chest x-ray data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.RESULTS: Out of 275 presumptive tuberculosis patients enrolled in the study, 29(10.5%) were culture positive for Mycobacteria. Of these, 3(10.3%) were found to be NTM and 26(89.6%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Of the NTM, two were unidentified and one typed as M.peregrinum. There was no coisolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria. Overall, 6(23.1%) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates were resistant to at least one antituberculosis drug. Of these, two were multidrug resistanttuberculosis cases (7.7%) detected from previously treated patients.CONCLUSION: Relatively low magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates were seen in the study area. Therefore, further study using a large sample size is needed to be done to consider nontuberculous mycobacteria infection as a differential diagnosis in presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Management Strategies for Funding and Sustaining Early Childhood Education in Nigeria
Authors: Alabi AT , Ijaiya NYS
Published: May 2021

This paper examined the existing management strategies for funding Early Childhood Education (ECE) in Nigeria with a view towards its better funding and sustenance. It recognised the commitment of the Nigerian Governments and the support of the community, individuals and foreign sponsors in funding ECE programmes. It argued that, nevertheless, much more needs to bedone towards providing adequate funds for quality teachers/ caregivers, supply of appropriate facilities and stimulating learning materials as well as supervision of ECE programmes. Towards this end, increased government allocations, sustained international support, financial allocation to ECE teacher training institutions, equity funding and cost-sharing strategies were recommended.Keywords · Early Childhood Education · Management Strategies · Funding
Research as a Cornerstone of Quality Assurance in University Education with specific Reference to Uganda Martyrs University
Authors: Okoth PG
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses the nexus between research and quality assurance in contemporary higher education, with specific reference to Uganda Martyrs University. Starting with discussion of the concept of research—touching on the conceptualization of what constitutes research; disambiguation of key terms and concepts in research; and discussion of major research paradigms and designs—the paper discusses the place of research as an aspect of quality assurance in university education. Thereafter, it articulates a case for research in higher education and discusses the state of research, quality assurance and the meeting points of the two at Uganda Martyrs University.Keywords · Research · Quality assurance · Higher education
Potential Contribution of Tamale International Airport to the Development of Northern Ghana
Authors: Moomen A-W
Published: May 2021

Empirical analysis of the socio-economic benefits and challenges of air transport in Ghana has not received much attention. This is in spite of the fact that policy makers and aviation operators need such analysis to implement regional development initiatives. The general objective of this study, therefore, is to examine the economic effects and challenges of air transport in Ghana, with the feasibility of the proposed development of the Tamale Airport to International status as the prime focus. Information is derived from the literature, work place counts and resource persons. Amajor finding of the study is that air transport contributes immensely to economic growth and poverty alleviation--through direct and indirect employment and through tax revenue generation (from its catalytic impact on other industries like tourism). It is argued that developing TamaleAirport must be considered as a complete business environment and a leading West African main Airport, by virtue of its strategic location. This is crucial to the growth prospects of the three regions of Northern Ghana expressed in the establishment of the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA).Keywords · Aviation · Economic growth and development · Ghana
Removal of Public Officers from Office: Law and Justice in a Flux
Authors: Fayokun KO
Published: May 2021

This paper examined the state of the law on removal of public officers from office. It observed that there are competing interests of labour and industry to be served by the rules on disengagement from public office. Workers need security of employment while industries need discipline and efficiency to survive. The courts have striven with changing trends in ensuring balance and justice for both the workers and the industries. The author’s appraisal of case law puts in view the state of both substantive and procedural law on the discipline of public officers as expounded by judges in the exercise of their power of judicial review. On the one hand is the attempt to maintain freedom of contract, which assumes the equal bargaining power of the parties. On the other hand is the need to give effect to statutory provisions which secure the tenure of public officers above that of the ordinary employee through legislation. The paper concluded that the divergent interests are not necessarily in conflict; they can be reconciled and adjusted to be mutually complementary.Keywords · Public officers · Discipline · Public management
Neglected Outcomes of Customer Orientation in Urban Public Water Utilities in Uganda and Tanzania
Authors: Mukokoma MMN , Ssemwogere E
Published: May 2021

We used 30 decision making units (DMUs) of National Water and SewerageCorporation (NWSC) in Uganda and Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Corporation [DAWASCO] in Tanzania to collect data from customers and workers/regulators of the two utilities. We also collected secondary data on the performance of the utilities in 2010. We used this data to calculate the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for the DMUs. The results indicate highadoption of customer orientation in NWCS’ DMUs (mean score = 86%) while in DAWASCO’s DMUs the mean score is 44%. The results from DEA analysis show a mean efficiency score of 93% for NWSC and 71% for DAWASCO. Also, the findings indicate a service quality gap of -1.98 forNWSC and -2.81 for DAWASCO. We found that there is a positive correlation between customer orientation and efficiency (0.58 [p<0.01]); a positive correlation between customer orientation and customer satisfaction (0.36 [p>0.01]); and an inverse correlation between customer satisfaction and efficiency (0.043% [p>0.01]). These results imply that increased  adoption of customer orientation reforms enhances technical efficiency albeit the resultant improvement in customer satisfaction is statistically insignificant.Keywords · Customer orientation · Service quality · DEA
La Corresponsabilidad Familiar en la Restitución de Derechos de los Adolescentes en Conflicto con la Ley en el Cantón Guayaquil
Authors: Álvarez-Santana Carmita , Peñafiel-Tircio Karina
Published: May 2021

Este estudio se realiza mediante el objetivo que permite identificar en la familia su corresponsabilidad en el proceso de la restitución de derechos en los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley en el Cantón Guayaquil 2019-2020, los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley presentan conductas asociales o comportamientos delictivos incurriendo en el cometimiento de delitos ,debido a ello se establecen medidas cautelares y socioeducativas que pueden ser privativas o no privativas de libertad; existiendo una vulneración de sus derechos y la discriminación con la sociedad .Por otra parte en el momento en que el adolescente se encuentra en un proceso de reinserción debería de tener el apoyo tanto del Estado, la familia y la sociedad con el fin de lograr una reinserción familiar asertiva sin que preceda incluso a la reincidencia de los delitos. La investigación tiene un enfoque de intervención social, aplicando el método de investigación cuali-cuantitativo, siendo de tipo descriptivo y bibliográfico que permitirá conocer teóricamente las variables de estudio, a su vez la población objeto de estudio serán los adolescentes, padres de familia y profesionales inmersos en el campo de estudio, en donde se realiza a través de un seguimiento de los adolescentes que se encuentran en un proceso de reinserción en el Cantón Guayaquil y sus familias, la misma que tiene como fin conocer la corresponsabilidad familiar, la influencia o aportación que tienen en el adolescente en conflicto con la ley en la restitución de sus derechos y de su reinserción a la familia y a la sociedad..

Palabras claves: Adolescentes infractores, Corresponsabilidad familiar, reinserción social, restitución de derechos, seguridad jurídica.
Argument-Driven Inquiry Learning Model: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fakhriyah Fina , Rusilowati Ani , Wiyanto Wiyanto , Susilaningsih Endang
Published: May 2021

The learning approach is an important component of education. ADI learning model allows learners to argue actively based on the surrounding observable phenomena in the laboratory. This research aims to review national diversities that represent or contribute to studies by applying the ADI learning model and the research type varieties and characteristics and stages of Argument-Driven Inquiry learning model applied by other researchers; research subjects, the applied content materials for investigation, and the impact of Argument-Driven Inquiry learning model. This research is a systematic literature review (SLR) with published article databases from Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The applied keywords were "Argument-Driven Inquiry" and "Science Education." The findings showed twenty-three articles were in line with the categories. Then, the analysis and classification could be done for each article. The ADI learning model implementation had been frequently found to improve learners' scientific argumentative skills rather than analytical skills or critical thinking skills. The applied content materials were mostly chemical materials, biology, and rarely found in physics. Most applied research types from the articles were quasi-experimental research. The implication of this research is to provide insight for further reviewing the argument-driven inquiry model (ADI) to improve science learning quality.