bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Market Power in the Hungarian Dairy Industry: A Plant-Level Analysis
Authors: Perekhozhuk Oleksandr , Hockmann Heinrich , Fertő Imre , Bakucs Lajos Zoltán
Published: May 2013

The objective of this paper is to provide an alternative model which can be used to test for oligopsony market power applying plant-level data. For this purpose, we took into account empirical studies and specific developments in the Hungarian dairy industry and specified a model that provides useful benchmarks for an econometric test of market power. The results of the econometric analysis show that the effects from policy changes in Hungary, as well as from plant specific issues are highly statistically significant, and produce evidence suggesting the exercise of oligopsony market power in the Hungarian dairy industry.
Developing a Family-Based Hiv Prevention Intervention in Rural Kenya: Challenges in Conducting Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: Puffer Eve S. , Pian Jessica , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Ogwang-Odhiambo Rose A. , Broverman Sherryl A.
Published: May 2013

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) introduces new ethical challenges for HIV prevention studies in low-resource international settings. We describe a CBPR study in rural Kenya to develop and pilot a family-based HIV prevention and mental health promotion intervention. Academic partners (APs) worked with a community advisory committee (CAC) during formative research, intervention development, and a pilot trial. Ethical challenges emerged related to: Negotiating power imbalances between APs and the CAC; CAC members' shifting roles as part of the CAC and wider community; and anticipated challenges in decision making about sustainability. Factors contributing to ethical dilemmas included low access to education, scarcity of financial resources, and the shortage of HIV-related services despite high prevalence.
Reported Goals of Instructors of Responsible Conduct of Research for Teaching of Skills
Authors: Plemmons Dena K. , Kalichman Michael W.
Published: May 2013

The national institutes of Health (NIH) training grant requirement to provide training in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) is now more than 20 years old. Implicit in the requirement is that this training will have an impact not only on what trainees know, but on what they know how to do. There is, however, a range of responses about what skills are seen to be necessary for the ethical practice of science. As part of a larger, earlier study examining RCR instructors' overall goals in teaching RCR, we asked 50 RCR instructors from 37 different institutions what their goals were for teaching skills in their RCR courses. The responses about what constituted necessary skills were wide ranging, from a focus on teaching the skill of ethical decision making to the perceived importance of ensuring that trainees understand the importance of the community in some research relationships. This diversity in responses about what skills should be taught in RCR courses is not especially surprising, given the variation in instructors, formats, instruction, goals, and outcome measures for RCR courses, but it does reinforce the necessity of giving more thought to what goals are to be achieved. This is true not only of skills to be learned, but of any other objectives one might have for research ethics teaching and learning.
A Quality-Improvement Collaborative Project to Reduce Pressure Ulcers in PICUs
Authors: Visscher Marty , King Alice , Nie Ann Marie , Schaffer Pat , Taylor Teresa , Pruitt David , Giaccone Mary Jo , Ashby Marshall , Keswani Sundeep
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Pediatric patients are at risk for developing pressure ulcers (PUs) and associated pain, infection risk, and prolonged hospitalization. Stage III and IV ulcers are serious, reportable events. The objective of this study was to develop and implement a quality-improvement (QI) intervention to reduce PUs by 50% in our ICUs.

METHODS:

We established a QI collaborative leadership team, measured PU rates during an initial period of rapid-cycle tests of change, developed a QI bundle, and evaluated the PU rates after the QI implementation. The prospective study encompassed 1425 patients over 54 351 patient-days in the PICU and NICU.

RESULTS:

The PU rate in the PICU was 14.3/1000 patient-days during the QI development and 3.7/1000 patient-days after QI implementation (P < .05), achieving the aim of 50% reduction. The PICU rates of stages I, II, and III conventional and device-related PUs decreased after the QI intervention. The PU rate in the NICU did not change significantly over time but remained at a mean of 0.9/1000 patient-days. In the postimplementation period, 3 points were outside the control limits, primarily due to an increase in PUs associated with pulse oximeters and cannulas.

CONCLUSIONS:

The collaborative QI model was effective at reducing PUs in the PICU. Pediatric patients, particularly neonates, are at risk for device-related ulcers. Heightened awareness, early detection, and identification of strategies to mitigate device-related injury are necessary to further reduce PU rates.
Safety and Utilization of Influenza Immunization in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Benchimol Eric I. , Hawken Steven , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Wilson Kumanan
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

Influenza immunization is recommended for children with IBD, however safety concerns may limit uptake. This study assessed whether immunization was associated with adverse events in IBD patients using a population-based database of children with IBD.

METHODS:

All children <19 years diagnosed with IBD in Ontario, Canada between 1999–2009 were identified using health administrative data, and matched to non-IBD controls. Self-controlled case series (SCCS) analyses determined health services event rates (outpatient visits, hospitalizations and emergency visits) in any 2-week risk period to 180 days post-immunization compared to a no-risk control period. Relative incidence (RI) was calculated for overall and IBD-related events and rates were compared between IBD cases and controls using relative incidence ratios (RIR).

RESULTS:

A total of 4916 IBD patients were matched to 21 686 controls. IBD patients were more likely to have received immunization than controls (25.3% vs 13.2%, P < .001). No increased event rates existed in IBD cases during risk periods (pooled RI 0.95, 95% CI 0.84–1.07), including hospitalizations and emergency visits. There was a slightly higher event rate in IBD cases versus controls for days 3–14 (RIR 1.60, 95% CI 1.05–2.44, P = .03). IBD-related visit rates were lower in risk periods compared to control period (pooled RI 0.81, 95% CI 0.68–0.96).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no increase in health services use in the post-vaccine risk period in IBD patients, and there was evidence for a protective effect of influenza immunization against IBD-related health services use. Influenza immunization is safe in children with IBD and should be encouraged to improve poor coverage rates.
Honey Pacifier Use Among an Indigent Pediatric Population
Authors: Benjamins Laura J. , Gourishankar Anand , Yataco-Marquez Vanessa , Cardona Elizabeth Hernandez , de Ybarrondo Lisa
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:

Use of honey pacifiers by infants presenting to a pediatric clinic at a county hospital in Houston, Texas, was observed by several of our staff members. Although we could not find any published studies linking the use of honey pacifiers to infant botulism, we also could not find any studies assessing the prevalence of honey pacifier use in general.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study using a novel survey that had 19 items. The survey was administered to the parents of children up to age 12 months presenting to a county hospital pediatric clinic for well-child care in Houston, Texas, from February 2010 to April 2011.

RESULTS:

There were 397 respondents. Approximately 11% of the respondents reported using honey pacifiers with their infant children. Reasons for use included tradition, infant preference, and perceived health benefits (eg, helps with constipation or colic). Approximately 20% of the honey pacifier users and 23% of the entire group reported knowledge of honey potentially causing an illness in children <12 months of age. Nearly 40% of all respondents also reported using herbal or folk remedies.

CONCLUSIONS:

Honey pacifier use was relatively common among this population, seen in ∼1 out of 10 respondents. A majority of the mothers surveyed (∼80%) were unaware of the potential dangers of giving honey to infants under age 12 months. Herbal medicine use was also common.
Pediatric Hydrocarbon-Related Injuries in the United States: 2000–2009
Authors: Jolliff Heath A. , Fletcher Erica , Roberts Kristin J. , Baker S. David , McKenzie Lara B.
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:

To generate national estimates of hydrocarbon-related exposures occurring in children ≤5 years of age who were treated in US emergency departments or called a regional poison control center.

METHODS:

This retrospective review compared hydrocarbon-related injuries that occurred from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2009, that were reported to the National Poison Data System and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children ≤5 years of age.

RESULTS:

From 2000 through 2009, the National Poison Data System reported 65 756 actual calls to regional poison centers, and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System reported an estimated 40 158 emergency department visits for hydrocarbon-related injuries. Individuals involved were predominantly male and 1 to 2 years of age. Ingestion was the most common mechanism of injury, and most injuries did not result in hospitalization. The rate of emergency department visits and calls to poison centers decreased significantly (P < .0001) over the 10-year study period. Exposures to hydrocarbons demonstrated seasonal variation, with more occurrences in the summer months.

CONCLUSIONS:

The comparison of the two data sets illustrates a similar trend in hydrocarbon-related injuries in children. Although cases have declined, most likely due to existing prevention efforts, hydrocarbons are still a large source of preventable exposure and injury in children.
Life story – development and pathology. The benefits of the narrative approach in psycho-diagnostics and in psychotherapy
Authors: Péley Bernadette
Published: May 2013

Az utóbbi egy-két évtizedben a pszichoterápia kereteiben végzett kutatások, valamint a gyakorlati tapasztalatok azt mutatják, hogy a narratívum és a pszichoterápia szemléletbeli és módszertani összekapcsolása meghatározó alapja lehet a terápiás gondolkodás és gyakorlat megújításának. A narratív szemlélet megújító hatása nem korlátozódik egyetlen terápiás megközelítésre sem, azaz különböző terápiás irányzatok képviselői látnak kiaknázható lehetőségeket ennek a szemléletnek a tudatos beépítésében.
A tanulmány áttekinti az élettörténet fejlődésére vonatkozó kutatásokat és a narratív elemzésnek a pszichoterápiában történő alkalmazásait. A narratív tartalomelemzés új eljárásaira támaszkodva a patológiák kategoriális megközelítése helyett mind a diagnosztikában, mind a terápiás folyamat megtervezését és a terápia hatásának vizsgálatát illetően a személyiségfejlődés állapotainak dimenzionális megközelítését javasolja.
Attachment theory and developmental psychopathology: Perspectives, models, mediating mechanisms
Authors: Láng András , Nagy László
Published: May 2013

Tanulmányunkban arra vállalkozunk, hogy a kötődéselméletet a fejlődési pszichopatológia szemszögéből vizsgáljuk és mutassuk be. A téma rendkívül szerteágazó, ezért megpróbáltuk a kötődéselmélet és fejlődési pszichopatológia érintkezési pontjaira vonatkozó, általunk legfontosabbnak és legújszerűbbnek gondolt elméleti megfontolásokat bemutatni. Tanulmányunkat egy rövid történeti bevezetéssel kezdjük, majd a két terület – kötődéselmélet és fejlődési pszichopatológia – szemléleti illeszkedését mutatjuk be. Ezt olyan különböző elméleti modellek felsorolása követi, amelyekben a kötődési minőség lelki zavarokra gyakorolt hatásának lehetséges útvonalait kutatjuk. Ezután a kutatási eredmények tükrében a biztonságos és a dezorganizált kötődésnek a patológiás lelkiállapotok kialakulásában játszott szerepét mutatjuk be. Itt az összefüggések mellett a fejlődési pszichopatológia igényeinek eleget téve a lehetséges közvetítő változókat, közvetítő folyamatokat hangsúlyozzuk. Az összegzésben a kötődéselmélet gyakorlati, diagnosztikai és terápiás hasznosságát tárgyaljuk.
Adaptive strategies of maltreated children
Authors: Révész György
Published: May 2013

A gyermekekkel szembeni rossz bánásmód (bántalmazás, elhanyagolás) gyakorisága és következményei a felnőtt világ folyamatos problémái világszerte. A fejlődési pszichopatológia a biológiai, pszichológiai és szociális tényezők kölcsönhatásainak tanulmányozása révén egyre pontosabb képet nyújt az elhanyagolt és bántalmazott gyerekek adaptációs erőfeszítéseiről, azokról a egyedfejlődési útvonalakról, ahol az eltérések (érzelemszabályozás, kötődés, társas viselkedés stb.) hátterében fontos szempont a rossz bánásmód időpontja, súlyossága, időtartama a gyermek életében. Ez az integratív szemlélet bepillantást nyújt a tünetképződés vs. alkalmazkodási erőfeszítések dinamikájába, a rossz bánásmód transzgenerációs következményeibe éppúgy, mint a kockázati vs. kompenzációs faktorok ismeretében a prevenció szélesebb lehetőségeibe.
Combined l-thyroxine and l-triiodothyronine replacement therapy in congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Péter Ferenc , Muzsnai Ágota
Published: May 2013

Introduction: L-thyroxine replacement therapy is the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism. Recently, several studies suggested to complete it with l-triiodothyronine in acquired hypothyroidism. Aim: To study the role of combined l-thyroxine and l-triiodothyronine therapy in special cases with congenital hypothyroidism. Method: Data of 16 patients (age: 11.9±6.3 years; mean±SD) are presented who had high serum free thyroxine values or even above the upper limit of reference range (21.16±2.5 pmol/l) together with nonsuppressed TSH levels (15.7±5.7 mIU/l), and therefore received l-triiodothyronine in completion (0.18±0.09 μg/kg) once a day. Results: The combined replacement therapy resulted in a rapid improvement of the hormone parameters (TSH: 4.2±3.15 mIU/l; free thyroxine: 16.55±2.4 and free triiodothyronine: 7.4±1.8 pmol/l). The efficiency of this combined therapy proved to be more evident (TSH: 4.33±3.2 mIU/l; free thyroxine: 16.85±3.1 and free triiodothyronine: 6.4±0.85 pmol/l) in 10 patients treated for a longer period of time (duration of treatment: 2.9±2.0 years). The dose of thyroxine substitution decreased from 2.6±0.9 to 2.18±0.6 μg/kg/day), the ratio of these hormones was between 5:1 and 19:1 and the quotient of free fractions was normalized (3.8±0.4→2.6±0.3) during the replacement therapy. Conclusions: According to the observation of the authors a serious disturbance of feed-back mechanism may develop in some (>5%) children with congenital hypothyroidism (increased TSH release despite elevated free thyroxine level) after normal function of the feed-back system for years. Hormone parameters of these patients improve, then become normal on combined therapy supporting the rationale for this treatment method. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 738–744.
The role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures
Authors: Salamon Antal , Biró Csaba , Toldy Erzsébet
Published: May 2013

The diverse effects of vitamin D in human body became known during the last years. Vitamin D deficiency causes many problems in medical care. Important roles of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium metabolism and the effect on bone metabolism. The authors review literature data on vitamin D deficiency recognized as an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures and they call attention of Hungarian physicians to the importance of vitamin D substitution. Supplementation of vitamin D deficiency is particularly important in the elderly age-group. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 731–736.
Evidence-Guided Practice: Integrating the Science and Art of Social Work
Authors: Gitterman Alex , Knight Carolyn
Published: May 2013

Social work educators and practitioners have had an ongoing debate whether the profession is primarily a science or an art. The pendulum has swung back and forth, with the current tilt toward scientific explanations and formulations. Evidence-based practice is the most symbolic manifestation of this tilt. The authors propose an alternative approach to practice that integrates, rather than separates, the art and science traditions. Evidence-guided practice incorporates research findings, theoretical constructs, and a repertoire of professional competencies and skills consistent with the profession's values and ethics and the individual social worker's distinctive style. Major assumptions, as well as challenges, associated with the model are identified. A case example illustrates major concepts of the model.
Evidence-Based Practice or Evidence-Guided Practice: A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet [Invited Response to Gitterman & Knight's “Evidence-Guided Practice”]
Authors: Thyer Bruce A.
Published: May 2013

Gitterman and Knight (2013) expand upon the original model of evidence-based practice (EBP) by proposing an approach they label evidence-guided practice (EGP). They justify this by highlighting some supposed limitations of the original EBP model and by presenting some additional features to amend EBP into EGP. I attempt to show that the limitations they say characterize EBP are not actually a part of the real EBP model and are based upon either a misreading of the EBP literature, or by overlooking some of the features of EBP. I also try to demonstrate that most of the add-on elements to EBP they propose to label EGB are actually already present in the original model of EBP. One of their add-ons, an increased reliance upon formal theory as evidence, in addition to empirical research, seems to me a retrograde step and will perpetuate the harmful influence of some aspects of theory in social work practice. However, I judge their EGP model to be an improvement upon current social work practice, which largely tends to ignore empirical research findings to assist in decision making.
The Sanctuary Model: Theoretical Framework
Authors: Esaki Nina , Benamati Joseph , Yanosy Sarah , Middleton Jennifer S. , Hopson Laura M. , Hummer Victoria L. , Bloom Sandra L.
Published: May 2013

This article provides a theoretical framework for the Sanctuary Model®. The Sanctuary Model is a trauma-informed organizational change intervention developed by Sandra Bloom and colleagues in the early 1980s. Based on the concept of therapeutic communities, the model is designed to facilitate the development of organizational cultures that counteract the wounds suffered by the victims of traumatic experience and extended exposure to adversity. Details of the Sanctuary Model logic model are presented.
A Self-Care Framework for Social Workers: Building a Strong Foundation for Practice
Authors: Lee Jacquelyn J. , Miller Shari E.
Published: May 2013

Self-care is widely recognized as critical to social work practice, yet little empirical support or practical guidance exists in the literature to steer social workers in its implementation. Self-care may not only be crucial in preventing secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and high staff turnover, but it can serve as a means of empowerment that enables practitioners to proactively and intentionally negotiate their overall health, well-being, and resilience. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) to explore current conceptualizations of self-care; (b) to provide a clear conceptual definition of and an applied framework for self-care; and (c) to explicate the utility of this framework for social work practitioners, students, educators, and social service agencies' supervisors and administrators.
Fire drives functional thresholds on the savanna–forest transition
Authors: de L. Dantas Vinícius , Batalha Marco A. , Pausas Juli G.
Published: May 2013

In tropical landscapes, vegetation patches with contrasting tree densities are distributed as mosaics. However, the locations of patches and densities of trees within them cannot be predicted by climate models alone. It has been proposed that plant–fire feedbacks drive functional thresholds at a landscape scale, thereby maintaining open (savanna) and closed (forest) communities as two distinct stable states. However, there is little rigorous field evidence for this threshold model. Here we aim to provide support for such a model from a field perspective and to analyze the functional and phylogenetic consequences of fire in a Brazilian savanna landscape (Cerrado). We hypothesize that, in tropical landscapes, savanna and forest are two stable states maintained by plant–fire feedbacks. If so, their functional and diversity attributes should change abruptly along a community closure gradient. We set 98 plots along a gradient from open savanna to closed forest in the Brazilian Cerrado and tested for a threshold pattern in nine functional traits, five soil features, and seven diversity indicators. We then tested whether the threshold pattern was associated with different fire regimes. Most community attributes presented a threshold pattern on the savanna–forest transition with coinciding breakpoints. The thresholds separated two community states: (1) open environments with low‐diversity communities growing in poor soils and dominated by plants that are highly resistant to high‐intensity fires; and (2) closed environments with highly diverse plant communities growing in more fertile soils and dominated by shade‐tolerant species that efficiently prevent light from reaching the understory. In addition, each state was associated with contrasting fire regimes. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that forests and savannas are two coexisting stable states with contrasting patterns of function and diversity that are regulated by fire–plant feedbacks; our results also shed light on the mechanism driving each state. Overall, our results support the idea that fire plays an important role in regulating the distribution of savanna and forest biomes in tropical landscapes.
Herbivores mediate different competitive and facilitative responses of native and invader populations of Brassica nigra
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O. , Strauss Sharon Y. , García Yedra , Cascales Modesto Berbel , Gómez José M.
Published: May 2013

Differences in plant and herbivore community assemblages between exotic and native ranges may select for different levels of plant traits in invasive and native populations of plant species. Little is currently known of how herbivores may mediate competitive and facilitative interactions between invasive and native populations of plant species and their plant neighbors. Here, we conducted a common‐garden field experiment to test whether invasive and native populations of Brassica nigra differ in phenotypic expressions of growth (biomass and plant height) and reproductive (seed yield) traits under different plant neighbor treatments and ambient vs. reduced level of insect herbivore damage on the B. nigra plants. We found significant interactive effects of plant neighbor treatments, level of insect herbivore damage on B. nigra plants, and invasive status of B. nigra on the phenotypic trait expressions. Plant neighbor treatments had minimal effects on phenotypic trait expressions by invasive populations of B. nigra under either level of insect herbivore damage. In contrast, for native populations of B. nigra, ambient level of insect herbivore damage resulted in plant neighbors facilitating expression of the traits above, while reduced damage resulted in plant neighbors competitively suppressing trait expression. Our results suggest that insect herbivores and plant neighbors interactively shape expression of plant traits in native and exotic ranges of invasive plants. Such interactions could potentially lead to different selection pressures on traits that determine antiherbivore defenses and plant–plant interactions.
Beta diversity of marine bacteria depends on temporal scale
Authors: Hatosy Stephen M. , Martiny Jennifer B. H. , Sachdeva Rohan , Steele Joshua , Fuhrman Jed A. , Martiny Adam C.
Published: May 2013

Factors controlling the spatial distribution of bacterial diversity have been intensely studied, whereas less is known about temporal changes. To address this, we tested whether the mechanisms that underlie bacterial temporal β‐diversity vary across different scales in three marine microbial communities. While seasonal turnover was detected, at least 73% of the community variation occurred at intra‐seasonal temporal scales, suggesting that episodic events are important in structuring marine microbial communities. In addition, turnover at different temporal scales appeared to be driven by different factors. Intra‐seasonal turnover was significantly correlated to environmental variables such as phosphate and silicate concentrations, while seasonal and interannual turnover were related to nitrate concentration and temporal distance. We observed a strong link between the magnitude of environmental variation and bacterial β‐diversity in different communities. Analogous to spatial biogeography, we found different rates of community changes across temporal scales.
Increased Nucleic Acid Receptor Expression in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Sahingur S. Esra , Xia Xia‐Juan , Voth Stephanie C. , Yeudall W. Andrew , Gunsolley John C.
Published: May 2013

Background: Nucleic acid sensing has emerged as one of the important components of the immune system triggering inflammation. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of bacterial DNA sensors, including Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9), DNA‐dependent activator of interferon‐regulatory factors (DAI), and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) in chronic periodontitis (CP versus healthy) (H) tissues.

Methods: Thirty‐five CP and 27 H gingival biopsies were included. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine mRNA levels of AIM2, DAI, and TLRs (TLR‐1 through TLR‐9). The difference in gene expression for each sensor between CP and H tissues was calculated using analysis of covariance. The Spearman test was used to determine correlations among innate receptors. The expression of TLR‐9, AIM2, and DAI in gingival tissues was further confirmed using immunohistochemistry.

Results: The present results reveal statistically significant upregulation of TLR‐9 (P <0.006), DAI (P <0.001), and TLR‐8 (P <0.01) in CP tissues compared to H sites. Although mRNA expression was not changed significantly between groups for other receptors, the present results reveal significant correlations between receptors (P <0.05), suggesting that cooperation between multiple components of the host immune system may influence the overall response. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed expression of TLR‐9, AIM2, and DAI in gingival tissues.

Conclusions: This study highlights a possible role for nucleic acid receptors in periodontal inflammation. Future investigations will determine whether cytoplasmic receptors and their ligands can be targeted to improve clinical outcomes in periodontitis.
Combining Salivary Pathogen and Serum Antibody Levels Improves Their Diagnostic Ability in Detection of Periodontitis
Authors: Liljestrand John M. , Gursoy Ulvi K. , Hyvärinen Kati , Sorsa Timo , Suominen Anna L. , Könönen Eija , Pussinen Pirkko J.
Published: May 2013

Background: Initiation and progression of periodontitis correlates with increased quantities of periodontitis‐associated bacteria in periodontal biofilms. In the present study, the aim is to measure Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis amounts in saliva and their antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig]A and IgG) levels in serum and evaluate their diagnostic abilities, together or alone, in chronic periodontitis.

Methods: The study population comprised 230 Finnish dentate adults: 84 with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), 65 with localized chronic periodontitis (LCP), and 81 controls without periodontitis. General and oral health information was obtained by questionnaires, interviews, and clinical and radiographic examinations. Salivary and serum samples were analyzed by quantitative single copy gene–based real‐time polymerase chain reaction and multiserotype enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.

Results: Pathogen carriers suffered mostly from GCP and seldom from LCP. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis quantities in saliva were strongly associated with corresponding serum IgA and IgG values (P <0.001) and with severity of disease (P <0.001). P. gingivalis exhibited more straightforward associations among salivary bacterial burdens, corresponding antibody formation, and periodontitis severity than A. actinomycetemcomitans. The combination of information on age, sex, smoking, and P. gingivalis results provided an area under the curve of 0.817 (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.87, P <0.001) for GCP.

Conclusion: The combination of saliva P. gingivalis quantity with pathogen‐specific host response may be used to diagnose periodontitis with high accuracy.
Densities, refractive indices and viscosities of the binary mixtures of dimethyl phthalate or dimethyl adipate with tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Knezevic-Stevanovic Andjela , Smiljanic Jelena , Serbanovic Slobodan , Radovic Ivona , Kijevcanin Mirjana
Published: May 2013

Densities, refractive indices and viscosities of the binary mixtures of
dimethyl phthalate (or dimethyl adipate) + tetrahydrofuran have been measured
at eight temperatures (288.15 to 323.15 K) and atmospheric pressure. All
measurements were performed using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 digital
vibrating-tube densimeter, Anton Paar RXA 156 refractometer and Anton Paar
SVM 3000/G2 digital Stabinger viscometer, respectively. From the experimental
densities, refractive indices and viscosities, the excess molar volumes, VE,
deviations of refractive indices, DnD, and viscosity deviations, Dh, were
calculated.
Blood transfusion in cardiac surgery: Does the choice of anesthesia or type of surgery matter?
Authors: Neskovic Vojislava , Milojevic Predrag , Unic-Stojanovic Dragana , Slavkovic Zoran
Published: May 2013

Background/Aim. In spite of the evidence suggesting a significant morbidity
associated with blood transfusions, the use of blood and blood products
remain high in cardiac surgery. To successfully minimize the need for blood
transfusion, a systematic approach is needed. The aim of this study was to
investigate the influence of different anesthetic techniques, general vs
combine epidural and general anesthesia, as well as different surgery
strategies, on-pump vs off-pump, on postoperative bleeding complications and
the need for blood transfusions during perioperative period. Methods.
Eighty-two consecutive patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery
were randomized according to surgical and anesthetic techniques into 4
different groups: group 1 (patients operated on off-pump, under general
anesthesia); group 2 (patients operated on off-pump, with combined general
and high thoracic epidural anesthesia); group 3 (patients operated on using
standard revascularization technique, with the use of extracorporeal
circulation, under general anesthesia), and group 4 (patients operated on
using standard revascularization technique, with the use of extracorporeal
circulation, with combined general and high thoracic epidural anesthesia).
Indications for transfusion were based on clinical judgment, but a
restrictive policy was encouraged. Bleeding was considered significant if it
required transfusion of blood or blood products, or reopening of the chest.
The quantity of transfused blood or blood products was specifically noted.
Results. None of the patients was transfused blood or blood products during
the surgery, and as many as 70/81 (86.4%) patients were not transfused at all
during hospital stay. No difference in postoperative bleeding or blood
transfusion was noted in relation to the type of surgery and anesthetic
technique applied. If red blood cells were transfused, postoperative bleeding
was the most influential parameter for making clinical decision. Conclusion.
No influence of off-pump surgery or epidural anesthesia on blood transfusion
requirements during a perioperative period was confirmed by this study. It
seems, however, that encouraging lower hemoglobin triggers in clinical
decision-making could result in less transfusions during surgery or hospital
stay.
The evaluation of malignant astrocytoma score (MAS)
Authors: Kojadinovic Zeljko , Vulekovic Petar , Jajic Djordje , Cigic Tomislav , Papic Vladimir , Djilvesi Djula , Horvat Igor , Karan Mladen
Published: May 2013

Background/Aim. At the moment there are few scoring systems for malignant
astrocytoma but they are not widely accepted. The aim of this study was to
evaluate malignant astrocytoma score (MAS) on a new group of patients with
malignant astrocytoma, to compare MAS with other prognostic tools and to
describe the use of MAS in everyday practice in neurooncology. Methods. The
study was performed on 124 patients with supratentorial malignant
astrocytoma grade III or IV. They were operated on and subsequently
irradiated with 50-60 Gy. Results. The mean age of the patients was 57.3
years. The mean Karnofski performance status (KPS) of the functional
inpairment was 54. The removal of the tumor > 90% was done in 59.7% of
patients. The mean survival was 9.1 months, and 27.4% of patients had a
12-month survival. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
curve (AUC) of the MAS for predicting 6-, 12- and 18-month survival was
0.754, 0.783 and 0.882, respectively. We compared the MAS with the two
mostly cited scoring systems. The AUC for the same prediction for medical
research council (MRC) was 0.601, 0.693, 0.772 respectively. For the
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) the AUC was 0.732, 0.765, 0.827,
respectively. Conclusion. MAS represents a useful scoring system for
determining illness severity and prognosis in patients with malignant
supratentorial astrocytoma. It can be helpful in comparing single patients
or groups of patients, as well as results of different treatments and in
controlling the quality of hospital treatment and so on.
Mutational analysis of ATP7B gene and the genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with Wilson's disease in Serbia
Authors: Tomic Aleksandra , Dobricic Valerija , Novakovic Ivana , Svetel Marina , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Kresojevic Nikola , Potrebic Aleksandra , Kostic Vladimir
Published: May 2013

Background/Aim. Wilson?s disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder
which is characterized with a marked clinical heterogeneity. The gene
responsible for WD is located in 13q14.3 chromosome, contains 21 exons and
codes for copper specific transporting P-type adenosinetriphosphatase
(ATPase) (ATP7B). Mutations in ATP7B gene change biosynthetic and
transporting role of ATPase in cell leading to damaged billiary excretion of
copper and its accumulation in the liver, brain, cornea and other tissues.
Until now, it has been described more than 400 mutations in ATP7B gene with
characteristic geographic distribution. The aim of this study was to assess
the spectrum of mutations of ATP7B gene on a large number of patients in
Serbian population and to make a correlation between particular genotypes and
specific phenotypes. Methods. Eighty-six consecutive patients with WD from WD
Clinical Research programme were included in this study. Genetic analysis was
performed by direct gene sequencing method. Results. Mutations in ATP7B gene
were found in 93% analyzed patients (81.4% of all alleles analyzed). Thirteen
mutations were identified, one of which (G998E) was the novel one, so far
undescribed in the literature. The most frequent mutation in our population
was H1069Q, which was present in 38.4% patients, and the second most frequent
mutation was 2304-2305insC (11.6%). Also, a great number of gene
polymorphisms of DNA sequences, which do not disturb the ATP7B gene function,
was identified. Although neurological form of the disease was more frequent
in the group of homozygous for H1069Q and the group of non- H1069Q carriers,
there was no statistically significant difference between the groups.
Conclusion. Our research showed that genetic diagnosis of WD can be done in
80% of cases by analysis of 5 most common mutations in our population, which
facilitate diagnosis significantly. There was no correlation between
different genotypes and specific phenotypic features of WD, the presence of
psychiatric disturbances and cognitive deterioration.
The use of total ossicular replacement prosthesis after radical tympanomastoidectomy
Authors: Rancic Dejan
Published: May 2013

Background/Aim. This paper presents our operative method for hearing recovery
after the previous radical tympanomastoidectomy, radical trepanation of the
temporal bone (trepanatio radicalis ossis temporalis - TROT) in eight
patients submitted to operations for giant cholesteatotoma. Methods. All the
patients were admitted to our clinic after TROT. There were no signs of
cholesteatoma or infection. The patients refused any stent implantations or
any hearing aids due to possible aesthetic problems. The described procedure
developed in two steps. The first one was to restore the destroyed cavum
tympany and to covert with chondroperichondral new membrane with a pin-like
?guide? as collumela. The second step was to insert a TORP (total ossicular
replacement prosthesis) after guide excision. Results. After the first
operation (stage one) there were no infections in the operated area nor
chondroperichondral graft rejection. Postoperative audiometry (6 to 8 weeks)
was done to demonstrate the improvement of air conduction. Three months
following the first, the second (stage two) operation was performed and 2.5
to 3 months after this operation even greater audiometry revealed hearing
improvement in air- and bone-conduction. The patients were dismissed from the
hospital 2 days after each procedure without any complications. They did not
experience any dizziness, vomiting nor a severe pain. Three months after the
second operative stage, otoscopic findings were very good. The audiometry
findings after a 3-months period (after stage one) and 3 months after final
TORP insertion was done for each of the patients. After one year, the
audiometric curve was the same. Clinical and audiometry follow up
demonstrated a hearing recovery and closure of air bone gap (ABG) to values
of 5 to 15 dB. Conclusion. The use of TORP after radical tympanomastoidectomy
is feasible. The first step of the procedure is the fixation of a
neomembrane. A stabilized neomembrane is essential for light overpressure on
the prosthesis and this is important for optimal or better conductivity. A
better hearing recovery is confirmed with audiometric findings and ABG
reduction to 5-15 dB. This method could be performed in all patients (with
good boneconduction) after radical tympanomastoidectomy for better hearing.
Improving mechanical properties of flowable dental composite resin by adding silica nanoparticles
Authors: Balos Sebastian , Pilic Branka , Petronijevic Branislava , Markovic Dubravka , Mirkovic Sinisa , Sarcev Ivan
Published: May 2013

Background/Aim. The main drawback of flowable dental composite resin is low
strength compared to conventional composite resin, due to a low amount of
filler, neccessary for achieving low viscosity and ease of handling. The aim
of this study was to improve mechanical properties of flowable dental
composite resin by adding small amount of nanoparticles, which would not
compromise handling properties. Methods. A commercially available flowable
dental composite resin material was mixed with 7 nm aftertreated hydrophobic
fumed silica and cured by an UV lamp. Four sets of samples were made: control
sample (unmodified), the sample containing 0.05%, 0.2% and 1% nanosilica.
Flexural modulus, flexural strength and microhardness were tested. One-way
ANOVA followed by Tukey?s test with the significance value of p < 0.05 was
performed to statistically analyze the obtained results. Furthermore,
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and SEM analysis were performed. To
asses handling properties, slumping resistance was determined. Results. It
was found that 0.05% is the most effective nanosilica content. All the tested
mechanical properties were improved by a significant margin. On the other
hand, when 0.2% and 1% nanosilica content was tested, different results were
obtained, some of the mechanical properties even dropped, while some were
insignificantly improved. The difference between slumping resistance of
unmodified and modified samples was found to be statistically insignificant.
Conclusions. Low nanosilica addition proved more effective in improving
mechanical properties compared to higher additions. Furthermore, handling
properties are unaffected by nanosilica addition.
Optimal use of prostate specific antigen for prostate cancer screening
Authors: Miocinovic Ranko , Bumbasirevic Uros , Djordjevic Miroslav , Bojanic Nebojsa , Milojevic Bogomir , Tulic Cane , Stephenson Andrew
Published: May 2013

nema
Dynamics of electrocardiographic changes, brain-natriuretic peptide and cortisol levels in a patient with stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Djuric Ivica , Obradovic Slobodan , Gligic Branko
Published: May 2013

Introduction. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a transient acute heart failure
syndrome caused by stress that provokes left ventricular mid-apical akinesis
and mimics acute coronary syndrome. Case report. A 66-year-old woman had
chest pain and dispnoea a few hours before hospitalization. A sudden
emotional stressful event preceded the symptoms. Electrocardiographic
abnormalities - precordial ST elevation and modest increase of cardiac
troponin mimiced acute myocardial infarction. However, echocardiographic
examination showed apical ballooning with markedly diminished left ventricle
ejection fraction and the obstruction in the outflow tract of the left
ventricle. Coronary angiography at admission showed no coronary stenosis and
slower blood flow through the left anterior descending artery. According to
anamnesis, echocardiography and coronarography finding we established the
diagnosis of stress cardiomyopathy - takotsubo cardiomyopathy. We described
in details the slow but dynamic electrocardiographic changes, levels of brain
natriuretic peptide, cortisol and echocardiography evolution of disease
during a 4-month follow-up till the full recovery. Conclusion. Stress
(takotsubo) cardiomyopathy - became an important differential diagnosis of
acute anterior myocardial infarction and it should be reconsidered every time
when emotionally stressed patients with transient-apical akinesis or
dyskinesis of the LV are present.
Giant primary retroperitoneal myxoid leiomyoma: A case report
Authors: Radojkovic Milan , Stojanovic Miroslav , Gligorijevic Jasmina , Stanojevic Goran , Kovacevic Predrag , Radjenovic-Petkovic Tatjana , Pecic Vanja , Rancic Zoran
Published: May 2013

Introduction. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors that usually arise
from the uterus. Case report. We present a patient with a 6-month history of
vague abdominal discomfort, occasional nausea, vomiting and urinary
incontinence. On examination, there was an extremely large firm unpainfull
palpable abdominal mass. Laboratory investigation revealed mild leukocytosis
and blood creatinine elevation. Abdominopelvic ultrasonography and computed
tomography revealed a massive well bordered, encapsulated intraabdominal
tumor, extending from the pelvis to epigastrium and almost completely
fulfilling the pelvic and abdominal cavity. At laparotomy, tumor arising from
the retroperitoneum was excised in toto. Histopathological examination
disclosed that the tumor was composed mainly of smooth muscle cells and very
rare fibrous connective tissue elements with myxomatous alteration and with
no mitotic activity. The negative results of numerous additional parameters
analyzed (pancytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, CD68,
CD34, desmin, aktin) ruled out different origin of a tumor. One year after
resection the patient had no complaints and no radiological evidence of tumor
recurrence. Conclusion. Considering current limitations in radiological
diagnosis, in toto resection of these tumors is necessary to rule out
malignancy.
Exaggerated Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Response Is Important for Improved β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jørgensen Nils B. , Dirksen Carsten , Bojsen-Møller Kirstine N. , Jacobsen Siv H. , Worm Dorte , Hansen Dorte L. , Kristiansen Viggo B. , Naver Lars , Madsbad Sten , Holst Jens J.
Published: May 2013

β-Cell function improves in patients with type 2 diabetes in response to an oral glucose stimulus after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. This has been linked to the exaggerated secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but causality has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GLP-1 in improving β-cell function and glucose tolerance and regulating glucagon release after RYGB using exendin(9-39) (Ex-9), a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)–specific antagonist. Nine patients with type 2 diabetes were examined before and 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Each visit consisted of two experimental days, allowing a meal test with randomized infusion of saline or Ex-9. After RYGB, glucose tolerance improved, β-cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS) doubled, the GLP-1 response greatly increased, and glucagon secretion was augmented. GLP-1R blockade did not affect β-cell function or meal-induced glucagon release before the operation but did impair glucose tolerance. After RYGB, β-GS decreased to preoperative levels, glucagon secretion increased, and glucose tolerance was impaired by Ex-9 infusion. Thus, the exaggerated effect of GLP-1 after RYGB is of major importance for the improvement in β-cell function, control of glucagon release, and glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The Net Black Advantage in Educational Transitions
Authors: Merolla David M.
Published: May 2013

Recent studies have found a net Black advantage in educational attainment. This pattern indicates that after controlling for socioeconomic and academic characteristics, Black students are more likely to continue education than are their White counterparts. Using an educational careers approach, this study examines selection and student expectations and parental aspirations as potential explanations of this pattern. Results indicate that a net Black advantage exists from high school entry through postsecondary enrollment and that student expectations and parental aspirations partially explain the net Black advantage. These findings call into question selection explanations of the net Black advantage, underscore the role of socioeconomic disparities for educational stratification, and highlight the utility of an educational careers approach for understanding how race structures educational attainment.
Editorial
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2013

Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5, 2011, Page i DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bodhi.v5i1.8041
Tribes of Odisha: Issues of social inclusion, exclusion and cultural assimilation
Authors: Mohapatra Tanuja
Published: May 2013

Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5, 2011, Page 16-33 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bodhi.v5i1.8043