bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicide in Young Age Group
Authors: Monsur MA , Rahman MM , Saha KP , Haque R , Mahmood S
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the  study  of  200  cases  of  death  which  were  'suicidal in  nature'  received  in the dept. of Forensic Medicine, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Comilla Medical College, Comilla and Faridpur Medical College, Faridpur for Post Mortem examination (PME), during the period of 2007 to 2009, The post mortems were conducted by the authors. Out of 200 PME of Suicide cases 98 {49%) were hanging by neck, 86 (43%) were poisoning and 16 (8%) by other methods.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 194-197
A Study on Types of Work and Wages in Relation to Age of Child Labor at Rajshahi City
Authors: Rahman ME , Lslam MR , Haque ME
Published: July 2018

The study was conducted at Rajshahi city and 180 child workers were selected randomly from different working places such as hotel and restaurant, motor garage, general shops, poultry farm, domestic house, private clinics and private diagnostic centers from January 2009 to March 2009. The study revealed certain variables such as gender, educational level, types of works and wages per month including duration of work of the child workers in relation to their age and the study showed that male were highest in age group 5-9 years and female were highest in age group 13-17 years. The educational level of the respondents was poor in general and in the age group 5-17 years 128 (45.7%) could not read or write at all. The maximum children 44 (15.7%) and 41 (14.6%) respondents were engaged in private diagnostic center and private clinics respectively. The findings could be due to more prevalence of domestic labor at Rajshahi and more prevalence of hotel, private clinics and private diagnostic centers at Rajshahi. Monthly wages of the study respondents was very poor. The study revealed that 54 (19.3%) respondents did not get any wage and they worked for food only. 188 (67.1%) and 38 (13.6%) respondents had wage <500 and in between 500-1000 taka only. The study showed that significant number of children that 238 (85%) had worked more than 8 hours in a day.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 227-230
Retrograde Jejunogastric l ntussusception (RJGI): Two Case Reports
Authors: Islam B , Hassan M , Haque MM
Published: July 2018

Retrograde  jejunogastric   intussusception (RJGI)   is   a   rare   but    potentially   very   serious complication of gastrojejunostomy or partial gastrectomy. Around 200 cases have been reported in literature till now. This paper reports two cases of RJGI of efferent loops developed 20 years and 10 years after gastrojejunostomy of a 70 years and 78 years old man respectively. Both the patients presented with sudden ab dominal  pain and hematemesis. Upper GI-endoscopy established the diagnosis. On emergency basis laparotomy was done and intussusception was reduced through gastrotomy. Efferent loop was found viable in case no 01, but gangrenous in case no 02, where resection was done. In both the cases the efferent loops were fixed to anterior parietal wall to prevent recurrence. Postoperative recovery were uneventful except minor superficial wound infection in the second case.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 257-260
Pancreatic Tuberculosis: A Case Report
Authors: Sarkar H , Hassan M , Ali S , Laila RN
Published: July 2018

The pancreas is rarely affected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, probably because of the presence of pancreatic enzymes and only few cases are reported. The differential diagnosis with pancreatic carcinoma represents a challenge because of clinical and radiological similarities. We report a case of 30 year-old women presented with pain and lump in epigastric region with constitutional symptoms - weight loss, nausea and occasional vomiting. Preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion and usually its diagnosis is established after surgical treatment. The diagnosis of this reported case was confirmed by histopathological analysis following laparotomy. The response of the disease to anti tubercular drugs was good.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 264-268
Detection, Identification and Titration of Anti- C (RJ I4) Allo-Antibody in a Multi-Transfused HHA Patient Referred to the Department of Transfusion Medicine of BSMMU
Authors: Khatun A , Biswas J , Habibullah MM , Shill N , Salam A , Alam MM
Published: July 2018

It is a Report of a case of transfusion induced alloimmunization of anti-c (Rh-4) in multi transfused HHA.Following top-up transfusion DHTR resu lted in this multi transfused HHA. Patients was referred to the transfusion medicine department of BSMMU to detect the cause/s of DHTR from the Hematology department of Bogra MCH. High titrated (1: 256) anti-c alloantibody were detected, identified in this patient by the standardized sensitive method of immunohematological testing at the department of transfusion medicine, BSMMU. When incompatible RCCs arc transfused the amount of antibody in recipient's serum may be too low to effect red cell destruction or even to be not detected by sensitive compatibility tests. However Transfusion may provoke as anamnestic immune response so that a few days after transfusion a rapid increased in antibody concentration develops and rapid destruction of transfused red cells occur. Hemoglobinuira is not uncommon in DHTRs. and causes HDN During TOP-UP transfusion to each and every HHAs genotypically matched antigen negative RCC to be practiced to avoid DHTR. Unlike AIHA it is possible to identify and detect alloantibody responsible for the DHTR by meticulous immunohematological testing and processing.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 272-275
Positive Outcome of Heterotopic Pregnancy Following Ovulation Induction: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Jesmin S , Akhte N , Naha N , Shamima N
Published: July 2018

We report a combined intra-uterine and ruptured tubal pregnancy following ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate (cc) and timed intercourse. The diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is the major problem until occurrence of tubal rupture. Because HP is a life threatening condition, the diagnosis should be made as soon as possible. In a spontaneous conception HP is a rare event. The risk of HP significantly increases after ovulation induction. Clomiphene itself should be associated with a high HP rare. We present a case with normally developing intra uterine singleton pregnancy successfully with synchronous tubal pregnancy following ovulation induction by cc.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 287-288
Bariatric Surgery for Severe Obesity
Authors: Biswas PK , Mahmood I
Published: July 2018

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, debilitating, life-long disease. It is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or more, affects 1.7 billion people world-wide. It is a complex, multifactorial chronic disease. Its medical treatment is not effective, and costly. Obesity is the harbinger of many diseases that affects many organ system of the body. Bariatric surgery is long lasting, cost-effective, and reduces co-morbidity efficiently. The procedures are, adjustable gastric banding, Rou x-en-Y gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, and vertical banded gastroplasty, of which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the gold standard. Indications are BMI >40 kg/m2 or BMI >35 kg/m2 with co-morbidity. Lifelong follow-up is required for appropriate weight loss. Bariatric surgery should be considered as a main stream of surgical specialty and should be practiced in our context.TAJ 2009; 22(1): 319-323
Sarcopenia and Frailty in PD: Impact on Mortality, Malnutrition, and Inflammation
Authors: Kamijo Yuka , Kanda Eiichiro , Ishibashi Yoshitaka , Yoshida Masayuki
Published: July 2018

Background

It is known that sarcopenia is related to malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome and is an important problem in dialysis patients. The notion of frailty includes various physical, psychological, and social aspects. Although it has been reported that sarcopenia is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hemodialysis, reports on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are rare. In this study, we examined the morbidity and mortality of sarcopenia and frailty in PD patients. We also investigated the MIA-related factors.

Methods

We evaluated 119 patients cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) were used to diagnose sarcopenia and frailty. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality with sarcopenia and frailty. The secondary outcome is the relationship between various MIA-related factors.

Results

Morbidity of sarcopenia and frailty in PD patients was 8.4% and 10.9%, respectively. Old age, high values of Barthel Index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, CFS, and low values of body mass index (BMI), muscle strength, muscle mass, and slow walking were associated with sarcopenia. Interleukin-6, albumin, and prealbumin were significantly correlated with muscle mass. During follow-up, the presence of sarcopenia or frailty was associated with the risk of mortality. In multivariate analysis, CFS was related to the mortality rate of PD patients.

Conclusions

The presence of sarcopenia or frailty was associated with a worse prognosis.
Cationic cobalt-catalyzed [1,3]-rearrangement of N-alkoxycarbonyloxyanilines
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Owada Mao , Jo Takeru , Terada Masahiro
Published: July 2018

A cationic cobalt catalyst efficiently promoted the reaction of N-alkoxycarbonyloxyanilines at 30 °C, affording the corresponding ortho-aminophenols in good to high yields. As reported previously, our mechanistic studies including oxygen-18 labelling experiments indicate that the rearrangement of the alkoxycarbonyloxy group proceeds in [1,3]-manner. In this article, we discuss the overall picture of the cobalt-catalysed [1,3]-rearrangement reaction including details of the reaction conditions and substrate scope.
No Surviving Companion in Kepler's Supernova
Authors: Ruiz-Lapuente Pilar , Damiani Francesco , Bedin Luigi , González Hernández Jonay I. , Galbany Lluís , Pritchard John , Canal Ramon , Méndez Javier
Published: July 2018

We have surveyed Kepler’s supernova remnant in search of the companion star of the explosion. We have gone as deep as 2.6 L
⊙ in all stars within 20% of the radius of the remnant. We use FLAMES at the VLT-UT2 telescope to obtain high-resolution spectra of the stellar candidates selected from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images. The resulting set of stellar parameters suggests that these stars come from a rather ordinary mixture of field stars (mostly giants). A few of the stars seem to have low [Fe/H] (<−1) and they are consistent with being metal-poor giants. The radial velocities and rotational velocities v
rot sin i are very well determined. There are no fast rotating stars because v
rot sin i < 20 km s−1 for all the candidates. The radial velocities from the spectra and the proper motions determined from HST images are compatible with those expected from the Besançon model of the Galaxy. The strong limits placed on luminosity suggest that this supernova could have arisen either from the core-degenerate scenario or from the double-degenerate scenario.
The Effect of Rotation on Fingering Convection in Stellar Interiors
Authors: Sengupta S. , Garaud P.
Published: July 2018

We study the effects of rotation on the growth and saturation of the double-diffusive fingering (thermohaline) instability at low Prandtl number. Using direct numerical simulations, we estimate the compositional transport rates as a function of the relevant nondimensional parameters—the Rossby number, inversely proportional to the rotation rate, and the density ratio that measures the relative thermal and compositional stratifications. Within our explored range of parameters, we generally find rotation to have little effect on vertical transport. However, we also present one exceptional case where a cyclonic large-scale vortex (LSV) is observed at low density ratio and fairly low Rossby number. The LSV leads to significant enhancement in the fingering transport rates by concentrating compositionally dense downflows at its core. We argue that the formation of such LSVs could be relevant to solving the missing-mixing problem in RGB stars.
Optically Thick H i Does Not Dominate Dark Gas in the Local ISM
Authors: Murray Claire E. , Peek J. E. G. , Lee Min-Young , Stanimirović Snežana
Published: July 2018

The local interstellar medium (ISM) is suffused with “dark” gas, identified by excess infrared and gamma-ray emission, yet undetected by standard ISM tracers such as neutral hydrogen (H i) or carbon monoxide emission. Based on observed dust properties from Planck, recent studies have argued that H i mixed with dust is strongly saturated and that dark gas is dominated by optically thick H i. We test this hypothesis by reproducing this model using data from Planck and new 21 cm emission maps from GALFA-H i—the first large-area 21 cm emission survey with comparable angular resolution to Planck. We compare the results with those from a large sample of H i column densities based on direct observations of H i optical depth, and find that the inferred column density corrections are significantly lower than those inferred by the Planck-based model. Further, we rule out the hypothesis that the pencil-beam H i absorption sight lines preferentially miss opaque “blobs” with small covering fraction, as these structures require densities and pressures that are incompatible with ISM conditions. Our results support the picture that excess dust emission in the local ISM is not dominated by optically thick H i, but is rather a combination of intrinsic changes in dust grain emissivities and H2 missed by CO observations.
Gamma-Ray Burst/Supernova Associations: Energy Partition and the Case of a Magnetar Central Engine
Authors: Lü Hou-Jun , Lan Lin , Zhang Bing , Liang En-Wei , Kann David Alexander , Du Shen-Shi , Shen Jun
Published: July 2018

The favored progenitor model for Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) with Supernova (SN) association is the core collapse of massive stars. One possible outcome of such a collapse is a rapidly spinning, strongly magnetized neutron star (“magnetar”). We systematically analyze the multi-wavelength data of GRB/SN associations detected by several instruments before 2017 June. Twenty GRB/SN systems have been confirmed via direct spectroscopic evidence or a clear light curve bump, as well as some spectroscopic evidence resembling a GRB-SN. We derive/collect the basic physical parameters of the GRBs and the SNe, and look for correlations among these parameters. We find that the peak brightness, 56Ni mass, and explosion energy of SNe associated with GRBs are statistically higher than other Type Ib/c SNe. A statistically significant relation between the peak energy of GRBs and the peak brightness of their associated SNe is confirmed. No significant correlations are found between the GRB energies (either isotropic or beaming-corrected) and the supernova energy. We investigate the energy partition within these systems and find that the beaming-corrected GRB energy of most systems is smaller than the SN energy, with less than 30% of the total energy distributed in the relativistic jet. The total energy of the systems is typically smaller than the maximum available energy of a millisecond magnetar (2 × 1052 erg), especially if aspherical SN explosions are considered. The data are consistent with—although not proof of—the hypothesis that most, but not all, GRB/SN systems are powered by millisecond magnetars.
Resolving Quiescent Galaxies at z ≳ 2. I. Search for Gravitationally Lensed Sources and Characterization of Their Structure, Stellar Populations, and Line Emission
Authors: Newman Andrew B. , Belli Sirio , Ellis Richard S. , Patel Shannon G.
Published: July 2018

Quiescent galaxies at z ≳ 2 are compact and have weak or absent emission lines, making it difficult to spatially resolve their kinematics and stellar populations using ground-based spectroscopy. Gravitationally lensed examples provide a promising route forward, but such objects are very rare. We describe a search in the fields of 232 galaxy clusters that has uncovered five bright (H
AB < 20) lensed galaxies with red near-infrared colors. These include MRG-M0138, which is the brightest lensed galaxy known in the near-infrared. Analysis of near-infrared spectra and multiband photometry confirms that all are quiescent galaxies at z = 1.95–2.64 with stellar ages of 0.5–1.4 Gyr (corresponding to formation epochs z
form ≃ 3–4) and stellar masses of

, where μ is the magnification. In three cases, we derive lens models and reconstruct the source structure; these galaxies are massive (

) and follow the mass–size relation defined by unlensed samples. In two of these three galaxies, the main structural component is an inclined disk. Weak emission lines are detected in four of five galaxies with high ratios [N ii]/Hα ≃ 2–6 that are inconsistent with a star formation origin. Based on the line ratios, the Hα equivalent widths, and the distribution and kinematics of the gas, we infer that shocks are likely to be present in at least two galaxies and could be present in all of the line emitters. We speculate that these could be analogs of local galaxies in which AGN jet-driven outflows are thought to heat the interstellar medium and suppress star formation. In further papers, we will present spatially resolved measurements of the stellar populations and kinematics of this unique sample.
Resolving Quiescent Galaxies at z ≳ 2. II. Direct Measures of Rotational Support
Authors: Newman Andrew B. , Belli Sirio , Ellis Richard S. , Patel Shannon G.
Published: July 2018

Stellar kinematics provide insights into the masses and formation histories of galaxies. At high redshifts, spatially resolving the stellar kinematics of quiescent galaxies is challenging due to their compact sizes. Using deep near-infrared spectroscopy, we have measured the resolved stellar kinematics of four quiescent galaxies at z = 1.95–2.64, introduced in Paper I, that are gravitationally lensed by galaxy clusters. Analyses of two of these have previously been reported individually by Newman et al. and Toft et al., and for the latter, we present new observations. All four galaxies show significant rotation and can be classified as “fast rotators.” In the three systems for which the lensing constraints permit a reconstruction of the source, we find that all are likely to be highly flattened (intrinsic ellipticities of ≈0.75–0.85) disk-dominated galaxies with rapid rotation speeds of V
max = 290–352 km s−1 and predominantly rotational support, as indicated by the ratio

Compared to coeval star-forming galaxies of similar mass, the quiescent galaxies have smaller V/σ. Given their high masses,

, we argue that these galaxies are likely to evolve into “slow rotator” elliptical galaxies whose specific angular momentum is reduced by a factor of 5–10. This provides strong evidence for merger-driven evolution of massive galaxies after quenching. Consistent with indirect evidence from earlier morphological studies, our small but unique sample suggests that the kinematic transformations that produced round, dispersion-supported elliptical galaxies were not generally coincident with quenching. Such galaxies probably emerged later via mergers that increased their masses and sizes while also eroding their rotational support.
The Radio Ammonia Mid-plane Survey (RAMPS) Pilot Survey
Authors: Hogge Taylor , Jackson James , Stephens Ian , Whitaker Scott , Foster Jonathan , Camarata Matthew , Roshi D. Anish , Di Francesco James , Longmore Steven , Loughnane Robert , Moore Toby , Rathborne Jill , Sanhueza Patricio , Walsh Andrew
Published: July 2018

The Radio Ammonia Mid-Plane Survey (RAMPS) is a molecular line survey that aims to map a portion of the Galactic midplane in the first quadrant of the Galaxy (l = 10°–40°,

) using the Green Bank Telescope. We present results from the pilot survey, which has mapped approximately 6.5 square degrees in fields centered at l = 10°, 23°, 24°, 28°, 29°, 30°, 31°, 38°, 45°, and 47°. RAMPS observes the NH3 inversion transitions NH3(1,1)–(5,5), the H2O 61,6–52,3 maser line at 22.235 GHz, and several other molecular lines. We present a representative portion of the data from the pilot survey, including NH3(1,1) and NH3(2,2) integrated intensity maps, H2O maser positions, maps of NH3 velocity, NH3 line width, total NH3 column density, and NH3 rotational temperature. These data and the data cubes from which they were produced are publicly available on the RAMPS website (http://sites.bu.edu/ramps/).
Spatial Organization of Seven Extreme Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Kocharov Leon , Pohjolainen Silja , Reiner Mike J. , Mishev Alexander , Wang Haimin , Usoskin Ilya , Vainio Rami
Published: July 2018

Emission of relativistic protons and helium responsible for extreme solar particle events (ground level enhancements (GLEs)) is often structured. We investigate its organization depending on the eruption stage characterized by the heliocentric height of associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Seven GLEs are considered: events on 1997 November 6, 1998 May 2, 2000 July 14, 2001 December 26, 2003 November 2, 2006 December 13, and 2012 May 17, which are half of the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO
)-era GLEs, excluding very weak events. Count-rate profiles of the GLEs plotted as a function of the CME height reveal two types (or two components) of the high-energy particle emission. The first component rises in a step-like manner during the CME transit from 2 R
⊙ to 3 R
⊙, when the CME exits from predominantly closed coronal magnetic structures, irrespective of the CME speed (type H). This component is of coronal origin. The second component of the GLE-producing particles starts to rise when CME is at about 4 R
⊙, achieves its maximum at 6–10 R
⊙, and declines shortly after that (type J). The type J particle injection into the interplanetary space coincides with the decametric–hectometric radio burst complex that includes enhanced emission of type II and concurrent low-frequency type III bursts, indicative of the CME interaction with a streamer-like structure at a few solar radii from the Sun. Those could be delayed particles from the flare region. A possible additional contribution of the CME-bow-shock acceleration in unstructured solar wind is not large in the two considered types of events.
Fading of the X-Ray Afterglow of Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB 170817A at 260 Days
Authors: Nynka Melania , Ruan John J. , Haggard Daryl , Evans Phil A.
Published: July 2018

The multi-wavelength electromagnetic afterglow from the binary neutron star merger GW170817/GRB 170817A has displayed long-term power-law brightening, and has presented challenges to post-merger models of the non-thermal emission. The most recent radio observations up to 200 days post-merger suggest that the afterglow has finally peaked and may now be fading, but fading has not been confirmed in the X-rays. We present new, deep Chandra observations of GW170817/GRB 170817A at 260 days post-merger that reveal an X-ray flux of

erg s−1 cm−2, and confirm that the X-ray light curve is now also fading. Through rigorous comparisons with previous Chandra observations of GW170817/GRB 170817A, X-ray fading is detected between 160 and 260 days post-merger at a 4.4σ significance on the basis of the X-ray data alone. We further constrain the X-ray photon index to steepen by <0.5 at 3.1σ significance during this period, which disfavors the passing of the synchrotron cooling frequency through the X-ray band as the cause of the observed fading. These observations remain consistent with optically thin synchrotron afterglow emission. If this afterglow emission arises from a quasi-spherical mildly relativistic outflow, the X-ray fading suggests that the outflow is now decelerating. Alternatively, if this afterglow arises from a successful off-axis structured jet, the X-ray fading suggests that emission from the jet core has already entered the line of sight.
Revision of the Quedius fauna of Middle Asia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae)
Authors: Salnitska Maria , Solodovnikov Alexey
Published: July 2018

Twenty eight species of the genusQuediusfrom Middle Asia comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, are revised.QuediusaltaicusKorge, 1962,Q.capitalisEppelsheim, 1892,Q.fusicornisLuze, 1904,Q.solskyiLuze, 1904 andQ.cohaesusEppelsheim, 1888 are redescribed. The following new synonymies are established:Q.solskyiLuze, 1904 =Q.asiaticusBernhauer, 1918,syn. n.;Q.cohaesusEppelsheim, 1888 =Q.turkmenicusCoiffait, 1969,syn. n., =Q.afghanicusCoiffait, 1977,syn. n.;Q.hauseriBernhauer, 1918 =Q.peneckeiBernhauer, 1918,syn. n., =Q.ouzbekiscusCoiffait, 1969,syn. n.;Q.imitatorLuze, 1904 =Q.tschinganensisCoiffait, 1969,syn. n.;Q.novusEppelsheim, 1892 =Q.dzambulensisCoiffait, 1967,syn. n.,Q.pseudonigricepsReitter, 1909 =Q.kirklarensisKorge, 1971,syn. n.Lectotypes are designated forQ.asiaticusBernhauer, 1918,Q.fusicornisLuze, 1904,Q.hauseriBernhauer, 1918,Q.imitatorLuze, 1904,Q.novusEppelsheim, 1892 andQ.solskyiLuze, 1904. For all revised species, taxonomy, distribution and bionomics are summarized.Quediusfuliginosus(Gravenhorst, 1802),Q.sundukoviSmetana, 2003 andQ.pseudonigricepsReitter, 1909 are recorded for Middle Asia for the first time. One species from theQ.coloratus-group, found to be new to science is not described due to shortage of material. Another possibly new species is tentatively identified asQ.fulvicollisStephens, 1833 until the taxonomy of that widespread species is revised. An identification key to all species is provided.
Styles de gestion de portefeuille et gouvernance des entreprises
Authors: Jacquillat Bertrand
Published: July 2018

La montée en puissance de la gestion passive dans la gestion de l’épargne par les investisseurs institutionnels s’est très fortement accentuée au cours des dix dernières années. Elle traduit la conversion d’une partie des investisseurs au concept de l’efficience des marchés et l’attention portée aux coûts de la gestion active. Cette évolution a pu être jugée inquiétante car l’une de ses conséquences possibles était l’absence de surveillance des sociétés dans lesquelles cette épargne est investie. Toutefois, ces craintes semblent aujourd’hui infondées car à l’instar de Blackrock les principaux gestionnaires de gestion passive ont pris conscience de leur rôle sociétal et renforcé leurs équipes de suivi de la gouvernance. D’autres enjeux de gouvernance apparaissent néanmoins avec le développement des structures duales d’actionnariat dans les entreprises hightech cotées, le recours à l’intelligence artificielle et la forte croissance des marchés financiers chinois. Classification JEL : G11, G23, G32.
La notation de la responsabilité sociale et éthique des banques : profil d’un secteur à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Benseddik Fouad
Published: July 2018

Au cours de cette dernière décennie, les entreprises du secteur bancaire ont défrayé la chronique par leurs nombreuses condamnations et leurs amendes records, totalisant plusieurs centaines de milliards d’euros. Aux pratiques contraires à l’éthique des affaires et aux défaillances des systèmes de contrôles internes s’ajoutent les montants soustraits aux autorités fiscales, dont le coût représenterait 2 % à 5 % du PIB mondial, ainsi que des incidences environnementales et sociales non ou insuffisamment prises en compte dans leurs opérations de financement et de prêt. La notation par Vigeo Eiris de la responsabilité sociale de plus de 350 établissements financiers à travers le monde confirme que ce secteur a encore du mal à rassurer sur sa capacité à assumer ses devoirs de conformité et à prévenir ses risques éthiques et de durabilité. Le score global moyen issu de la notation des banques et des institutions financières demeure limité (30,8/100), bien que supérieur au score moyen des 4 000 entreprises notées tous secteurs confondus (24,2/100). Le secteur apparaît comme étant à la croisée des chemins : derrière une minorité de leaders aux engagements et pratiques innovantes, la majorité des opérateurs du secteur fait preuve de difficultés à s’engager et à rendre compte de ses efforts sur le chemin de la durabilité. Classification JEL : G21, G24, G34, G38, M14.
Environmental associations ofHesperia dacotae(Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Seidle Kelsey M. , Lamb Eric G. , Bedard-Haughn Angela , DeVink Jean-Michel
Published: July 2018

The Dakota skipper,Hesperia dacotae(Skinner, 1911) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), is an at-risk butterfly that inhabits mesic mixed-grass prairie. Loss of native prairie is the main factor driving declines in Dakota skipper abundance. Currently, there is little knowledge on the environmental and habitat requirements of Saskatchewan, Canada populations. Our objective was to determine environmental associations of Dakota skipper in Saskatchewan through landscape, vegetation, soil, climate, microclimate, and Hesperiidae butterfly occupancy. Data collection was conducted in 2015 and 2016; a total of 46 sites were surveyed; nine of these were Dakota skipper positive (i.e., present) sites and 37 were negative (i.e., non-detected) sites. Results indicate that plant composition is not a significant predictor of Dakota skipper presence, but three plant species are significantly associated with the species;Pediomelum argophyllum(Pursh) Grimes (Fabaceae),Zizia aptera(Gray) Fernald (Apiaceae), andSchizachyrium scoparium(Michaux) Nash (Poaceae). No soil or climate variables were significant predictors of Dakota skipper presence; however it is significantly associated with steep slopes. Warmer maximum and average ground-level temperatures are also associated with Dakota skipper presence. Findings indicate that additional Dakota skipper populations are likely in Saskatchewan and future targeted surveys will allow for a full evaluation of the distribution of this species and conservation status.
Sustainable supply chain initiatives in reducing greenhouse gas emission within the road freight industry
Authors: Makan Hemisha , Heyns Gert J.
Published: July 2018

Background: Global supply chains have evolved from a traditional simple supply chain to one that is filled with complexities and uncertainties. The increase in road freight transportation has resulted in an escalation in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere, impacting climate change.Objectives: The purpose of this article was to investigate the implementation of sustainable supply chain initiatives in reducing GHG emissions within the South African road freight transport industry.Method: This research utilised a case study approach and used primary data, obtained through self-administered questionnaires, to explore the adopting sustainable transport management practices.Results: The main drivers for implementing sustainable initiatives are pressure from consumer and brand protection, pressure from top management, and cost saving and revenue. Eco-driving, eco-routing and increasing vehicle carrying capacity are the most adopted sustainable supply chain initiatives implemented. The key benefits resulting from implementing sustainable initiatives were operational cost savings, improved competitive advantage and enhanced supplier relationships. Also, the lack of government support, lack of understanding of the cost and insufficient manpower were identified as the foremost challenges associated with the implementation of these sustainable initiatives.Conclusion: The results reveal that organisations are placed under enormous pressure to implement sustainable practices. This study identifies various sustainable initiatives to reduce GHG emissions and addresses the associated benefits and challenges when implementing these initiatives.
Music-inspired free play to foster scientific exploration in early childhood
Authors: Van Vreden Mignon
Published: July 2018

Background: The importance of music and play in early childhood development is widely acknowledged. However, no recent studies have investigated the potential of music-inspired free play to foster scientific exploration. Aim: The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explain the rationale in utilising musical skills, knowledge and experiences during free play to foster scientific exploration, applying a constructivist approach with the learner placed at the centre of the educational process, while the teacher acts as observer and facilitator. Setting: Data were primarily collected through documents to create a concept map that informed observations of preschoolers during free play at two day-care centres in Mohadin in the North-West Province of South Africa. Methods: An explanatory case study provided the context for this study and a document analysis informed the findings. Results: Through data analysis, key themes were identified from the literature and observations to generate a conceptual model that illustrates the influence of music-inspired free play to foster scientific exploration by stimulating creativity and emphasising the necessity of free play in preschool settings. Conclusion: The conclusion of this investigation was a better understanding of the capacity of young learners to apply scientific exploration, utilising a transdisciplinary approach for teaching and learning the sciences in the early years to develop a better understanding of their world through music-inspired free play.
An evaluation of interest deduction limitations to counter base erosion in South Africa
Authors: Van der Zwan Pieter , Schutte Daniel P. , Krugell Waldo
Published: July 2018

Background: The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) made a number of recommendations in relation to interest deduction limitations as part of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. In 2016 the South African National Treasury indicated that the interest deduction limitations contained in the Income Tax Act would be reviewed in the light of these recommendations. Aim: This paper aimed to describe funding structures of companies in South Africa liable for tax and how this relates to other characteristics, including ownership, of the companies. Setting: The research was performed using data from tax returns submitted by companies liable for income tax in South Africa. Methods: This paper reports on descriptive analyses of the research conducted. Results: The results showed that the mean interest-to-earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation (EBITDA) ratio for certain foreign-owned entities differed significantly from that of domestically owned entities. Conclusion: The results may present evidence of profit-shifting activities. They also highlight trends in interest-to-EBITDA ratios that may be of relevance for future legislative developments. Further related research is required if interest deduction limitations in the South African tax legislation are to be reviewed in light of the OECD proposals.
The influence of a 360-degree performance appraisal on labour productivity in an automotive manufacturing organisation
Authors: Zondo Robert W.D.
Published: July 2018

Background: South Africa’s (SAs) decline in labour productivity in the manufacturing sector is a cause for concern. The sector turns to employees for innovative productivity improvement initiatives. Employees need to know what activities they are currently performing that need to improve. This is where a 360-degree performance appraisal system plays a growing role. The 360-degree performance appraisal is a valuable tool that provides an opportunity for employees to work together to identify strengths and areas that need improvement. Aim: This study investigates the influence of a 360-degree performance appraisal system for the improvement of labour productivity in the automotive parts manufacturing sector in SA. Settings: The study investigated the production and related experiences of an automotive parts manufacturing company that has adopted a 360-degree strategy. The company operates in the eThekwini district Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. It assessed if 360-degree performance appraisal is responsible for the company’s labour productivity improvements. Methods: The investigation was achieved by collecting pre- and post-360-degree quarterly data for spoilage, absenteeism, capital investment and labour productivity. Results: The 360-degree performance appraisal has no influence on labour productivity improvement. However, past capital investment plays a significant role in labour productivity increase. Results also showed a relationship between spoilage rate and labour productivity improvement. Conclusion: In order to maximise performance, a comprehensive performance policy must be developed, which aligns employee appraisal to performance. The study uncovered the strengths and weaknesses of a 360-degree performance appraisal system for labour productivity improvement in SA.
Die kerkorde van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk 2013: Kanaal of hindernis vir kerklike tug?
Authors: Strauss Piet J.
Published: July 2018

The church order of the Dutch Reformed Church of 2013: Channel or stumbling block for church discipline? There is a widely accepted stand in reformed churches not to accept detailed prescriptions in its church order for church discipline. Church assemblies tasked with church discipline need space to undertake this according to God’s Word, with a pastoral approach, the well-being of the church and its members in mind, and a good deal of common sense. Despite this, the Dutch Reformed Church accepted detailed rules and regulations for discipline as a binding addendum to its church order in 1974. This addendum was scrapped in 1998. However, a new addendum was again accepted in 2011. This article asks the question whether the binding articles and regulations of this church is a proper channel or a stumpling block for discipline in its midst.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is based on a philosophical-sociological distinction between the discipline of the church as a society of faith and discipline in other institutions of society. The discipline of the church implies that the church is as an institution of faith, in this case, must also act according to the natural rules of justice and justice in terms of its own calling as an institution of the Christian faith. These rules and the church order as an instrument for procedure in the church, are the grounds on which a civil court, when asked to, can rehearse a decision of an assembly of the church. This is not about the merit of the church content of the decisions, but the procedure. The article also makes extensive use of ecclesiological matter or a dogmatic church concept that must be maintained in criminal matters. The challenge: the church remains theoretically and in practice church.
Minimum intervention management of diastema closure using cordless displacement system and laminate veneers: A 2-year follow-up
Authors: Maluly-Proni Ana Teresa , Oliveira-Reis Bruna , Assunção Wirley Gonçalves , Santos Paulo Henrique Dos
Published: July 2018

This case report presents a minimally invasive diastema treatment using cordless gingival displacement system allowing a very conservative intervention. A 32-year-old female patient who presented with diastema in her upper front teeth opted for a treatment using laminate veneers to ensure achieving adequate tooth proportion and gingival levels. Having a displacement material that exerts excessive pressure during the displacement process can lead to disruption of the junctional epithelium and damage to periodontal tissues. This case report focuses on the effectiveness of the use of a minimally invasive method of gingival management. Two-year follow-up no infiltration, sensitivities, or fractures were detected on teeth, and indirect restorations, the purposed treatment allowed a quick, effective, and durable resolution for diastema.
Oral health literacy and its determinants among adults in Southeast Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Tayebeh Malek , Malekmohammadi Mahsa , Hajizamani Hamid Reza , Mahani Shahla Ayobi
Published: July 2018

Objective: The present study aimed to assess oral health literacy level and its related factors among adult patients visiting Kerman Dental School. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman Dental School clinic, among the first-time adult visitors. Individuals were selected randomly from volunteers who signed study consent forms. Background information and oral health literacy levels were acquired through the oral health literacy-adult questionnaire. Statistical analysis including the Chi-square test and independent t-test served for statistical evaluation of the study data. Results: Participants were 264 adults which consisted of 72.3% women and the mean age of 37 ± 8 years old. The mean oral health literacy score was 12.07 (out of 17), and 62.5% of the participants had an adequate oral health literacy level. There was a significant relationship between oral health literacy scores with gender, high level of education, and oral health behavior. Conclusion: The study participants had a good level of oral health literacy which can be correlated with their educational status and oral health information sources. An oral health educational program for less educated people is recommended.
Endodontic irrigants: Different methods to improve efficacy and related problems
Authors: Dioguardi Mario , Gioia Giovanni Di , Illuzzi Gaetano , Laneve Enrica , Cocco Armando , Troiano Giuseppe
Published: July 2018

Shaping and cleaning a root canal system along with the preservation of the surrounding periodontal tissues are the principal goals of an endodontic treatment. While most of the attention is paid to the mechanical aspects of a root canal treatment, an essential feature of it is the irrigation. All over the years, many materials have been used to clean the root canal of a tooth, and certainly, the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions are the most used and most reliable ones. Putting them inside of a canal is mostly done using a normal syringe, but many techniques have been involved in this process, including the use of sonic/ultrasonic instruments, the use of shaping files, and even laser, to increase the efficacy of irrigant solutions, especially of NaOCl one. Each one of this technique faces some disadvantages, just as the vapor lock effect and the apical extrusion, and has a different action on features such as the reaction rate and the shear stress of an endodontic irrigant solution. In this narrative review, we describe the different features of many irrigant solutions and the different ways of upgrading their efficacy in the cleaning of a root canal system, with the use of tables to summarize the entire description, and drawing the readers' attention to a photographic illustration for a better understanding of the topic.
Diffusion of calcium hydroxide through dentinal tubules of retreated root canals: An in vitro study
Authors: Mustafa Mohammed , Alaajam Wafa Hassan , Azeim Ahmed Abdul , Alfayi Najla Aedh , Alqobty Rahaif Misfer , Alghannam Shahad
Published: July 2018

Objective: Studies about the dispersion of hydroxyl ions through dentin of endodontically retreated teeth are scarce. The present study aims at examining the diffusion of calcium hydroxide in vitro by recording the pH changes of retreated root canal using two types of calcium hydroxide preparations. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 recently extracted single-rooted mandibular first premolars were collected and cleaned from calculus and remains of periodontal tissue. The teeth so collected were stored in thymol 10% solution till use. During collection, teeth with cracks, open apices, and restorations were excluded. Root canal preparations were performed using Protaper rotary system files, till #F3 file. All canals were obturated using cold lateral condensation and zinc oxide-based sealer. After 7 days, all gutta-percha were removed and the canals were irrigated with normal saline. The teeth were then randomly distributed into three groups. Canals in Group I were kept empty without any dressing to serve as a negative control group, Canals in Group II were filled with a freshly prepared mixture of calcium hydroxide powder with normal saline solution, and Group III was filled with Metapex. Periodically, the calcium hydroxide material was removed and the pH was measured using pH meter at 7, 10, 14, and 30 days. Results: The pH values of Group II and III ranged between 9.2 and 11.2. This was found to be highly significant against the negative control group. After 7 and 10 days, freshly mixed Ca(OH)2 showed the higher pH than the creamy Metapex, and statistically the difference was highly significant after 10 days (P<0.001). After 14 days, Metapex group pH was higher than freshly mixed Ca(OH)2, but it was not statistically significant as they reached nearly the same pH after 30 days (P>0.05). Conclusion: All Ca(OH)2 preparations had high pH around the roots after 7 and 10 days. Metapex continued to have higher pH after 14 days.
Cone-beam computed tomography analysis on root and canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molar among multiracial population in East Coast Malaysian population
Authors: Deng Prunella Ubung , Halim Mohamad Syahrizal , Masudi Sam'an Malik , Al-Shehadat Saaid , Ahmad Basaruddin
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the number of root and canal in the mandibular first permanent molars (MFPMs) teeth in East Coast Malaysian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images which show MFPMs recorded in HUSM Dental Clinic between January 2015 and June 2016 was obtained and analyzed for their number of roots and canals. A total of 208 CBCT images of MFPMs were collected; 118 patients had unilateral molars and 90 patients had bilateral molars. The following observations were made: (1) root number; (2) number of canals per root; and (3) comparisons of number of roots and canals according to gender, ethnicity, and position. Results: The majority of cases of bilateral MFPM had the same number of roots (95.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.01%, 98.78%) on both the right and left side and only 4 cases (4.4%, 95% CI: 1.22%, 10.99%) had 3 roots on the right and 2 roots on the left sides. The majority of cases had the same number of canals on both sides (66.7%, 95% CI: 55.95, 76.26%) and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.74%, 44.05%) with unequal number of canals. The occurrence of the number of canals was not independent of the sides of the arch (P < 0.001) and there was statistically significantly greater proportion of cases who had greater number of canals on the right side than the left (P = 0.03). The prevalence of right single-rooted MFPM was very small at 0.3% (n = 1) in a Malay male (95% CI: 0.00, 1.83) and the most prevalent was two roots first molar (88.4%). The number of roots was not associated with sex or ethnic group (P > 0.05). The MFPM with a single root was found to have only one mesial canal. For two rooted MFPM, the most prevalent occurrence was two canals at the mesial and one canal at the distal roots (59%); followed by single canals in each mesial and distal (21%) and double canals per root (18%). Three roots MFPM have either single or double canals in the mesial root and double canals in the distal root. Conclusions: The majority of population in the East Coast region of Malaysia has two roots and three root canals in their MFPMs. There was no difference in the number of roots between gender and ethnic and canals between ethnic.
Tomosynthesis-Guided Core Biopsy of the Breast: Why and How to Use it
Authors: Shin Kyungmin , Teichgraeber Davis , Martaindale Sarah , Whitman Gary J
Published: July 2018

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has become an important tool in breast imaging. It decreases the call-back rate while increasing the cancer detection rate on screening mammography and is useful for diagnostic examination of noncalcified lesions and for the evaluation of patients presenting with clinical symptoms. Management challenges and dilemmas that are encountered with abnormalities detected on DBT and lacking a sonographic correlate can now be addressed with tomosynthesis-guided core biopsy.