bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilayer structural analysis and application of overlap structure for cord–rubber composite
Authors: Liu Shouyao , Wu Jian , Luo Hang , Yang Jishen , Wu Yuanyuan , Su Benlong , Wang Youshan
Published: January 2023

As an advanced composite material with a flexible structure, cord–rubber composite has the advantages of high strength, high modulus, and lightweight, widely used in aerospace and other fields. Compared with our previous work, we focus on the effects of three kinds of overlap structures (positive–positive, positive–invert, concave–convex) on the mechanical properties of cord–rubber composites through uniaxial tensile tests and finite element simulation. When the interlaced distance is 5 mm, the concave–convex overlap structure reaches the maximum tensile strength (74.79 MPa). With the increased interlaced distance, the failure form of the cord rubber composite gradually transfers from the overlap end to the interface slip and fixture end. The maximum Von Mises stress distribution of cord–rubber composite flexible support tends to be uniform through rational design by the mechanical characteristics of the three kinds of overlap structures.
Terahertz Spectral Signatures of Ultrafast Spin Transports in Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloy
Authors: Jin Zuanming , Guo Yingyu , Peng Yan , Zhang Zeyu , Pang Jinyi , Zhang Zongzhi , Liu Fan , Ye Bin , Jiang Yexin , Ma Guohong , Zhang Chao , Balakin Alexey V. , Shkurinov Alexander P. , Zhu Yiming , Zhuang Songlin
Published: January 2023

Although the Co‐based Heusler compounds are predicted to be half‐metals, their sub‐picosecond demagnetization dynamics upon laser excitation show a transition‐metal‐like behavior. Any possible role of ultrafast nonlocal spin transport on the ultrafast demagnetization of half‐metallic Heusler compounds has only been inferred indirectly by time‐resolved magneto‐optical Kerr effect. Here, an ultrafast optically driven spin current traveling from Co2FeSi half metal into an adjacent Pt layer by using terahertz (THz) emission time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS) is demonstrated. By varying the magnetic field and excitation symmetry, the sizable THz generation from Co2FeSi/Pt stack arises from optically induced spin transport across the Co2FeSi/Pt interface in conjunction with spin‐to‐charge current conversion, via the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). The chemical ordering, interface roughness and magnetization of the samples become vital to engineer the THz emission properties. The amplitude of THz emission is comparable to that of CoFeB/Pt stack, thereby indicating Co2FeSi as an efficient ultrafast light‐driven spin current injector. Finally, by varying the pumping energy, the contributions are distinguished to the ultrafast spin current from thermalization and optical excitation of majority spins in Heusler alloy. This work illustrates THz emission TDS as a powerful tool to investigate the ultrafast spintronic properties of Heusler alloy/normal‐metal bilayers.
Advances in the Synthesis of Chemically Recyclable Polymers
Authors: Li Xin‐Lei , Ma Kai , Xu Fei , Xu Tie‐Qi
Published: January 2023

The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials. However, the accumulation of polymer materials and their evolution in the environment causes not only serious environmental problems, but also waste of resources. Although physical processing can be used to reuse polymers, the properties of the resulting polymers are significantly degraded. Chemically recyclable polymers, a type of polymer that degrades into monomers, can be an effective solution to the degradation of polymer properties caused by physical recycling of polymers. The ideal chemical recycling of polymers, i. e., quantitative conversion of the polymer to monomers at low energy consumption and repolymerization of the formed monomers into polymers with comparable properties to the original, is an attractive research goal. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the design of recyclable polymers, enabling the regulation of the “polymerization‐depolymerization” equilibrium and closed‐loop recycling under mild conditions. This review will focus on the following aspects of closed‐loop recycling of poly(sulfur) esters, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyolefins, and poly(disulfide) polymer, illustrate the challenges in this area, and provide an outlook on future directions.
Iodine‐Catalyzed Claisen‐Rearrangements of Allyl Aryl Ethers and Subsequent Iodocyclizations
Authors: Arndt Thiemo , Raina Abhinav , Breugst Martin
Published: January 2023

Iodine can be considered as the simplest halogen‐bond donor. Previous investigations have revealed its remarkable catalytic effect in various reactions. The catalytic activity of iodine can often even compete with that of traditional Lewis acids. So far, iodine was typically used to activate carbonyl derivatives like Michael acceptors. We now demonstrate that iodine can also be used to activate allyl aryl ethers in Claisen rearrangements. The formed ortho‐allylic phenols rapidly undergo iodocyclizations to afford dihydrobenzofurans, which are important building blocks for medicinal applications. A comparison with different catalysts further highlights the potential of iodine catalysis for this reaction. Computational and mechanistic investigations provide deeper insights into the underlying non‐covalent interactions and their role for the catalysis.
Quantified analysis of facial movement: A reference for clinical applications
Authors: Sarhan François‐Régis , Olivetto Matthieu , Ben Mansour Khalil , Neiva Cécilia , Colin Emilien , Choteau Baptiste , Marie Jean‐Paul , Testelin Sylvie , Marin Frédéric , Dakpé Stéphanie
Published: January 2023

Most techniques for evaluating unilateral impairments in facial movement yield subjective measurements. The objective of the present study was to define a reference dataset and develop a visualization tool for clinical assessments. In this prospective study, a motion capture system was used to quantify facial movements in 30 healthy adults and 2 patients. We analyzed the displacements of 105 reflective markers placed on the participant's face during five movements (M1–M5). For each marker, the primary endpoint was the maximum amplitude of displacement from the static position (M0) in an analysis of variance. The measurement precision was 0.1 mm. Significant displacements of markers were identified for M1–M5, and displacement patterns were defined. The patients and age‐matched healthy participants were compared with regard to the amplitude of displacement. We created a new type of radar plot to visually represent the diagnosis and facilitate effective communication between medical professionals. In proof‐of‐concept experiments, we collected quantitative data on patients with facial palsy and created a patient‐specific radar plot. Our new protocol for clinical facial motion capture (“quantified analysis of facial movement,” QAFM) was accurate and should thus facilitate the long‐term clinical follow‐up of patients with facial palsy. To take account of the limitations affecting the comparison with the healthy side, we created a dataset of healthy facial movements; our method might therefore be applicable to other conditions in which movements on one or both sides of the face are impaired. The patient‐specific radar plot enables clinicians to read and understand the results rapidly.
Strategies for organ preservation: Current prospective and challenges
Authors: Tripathy Seema , Das Saroj Kumar
Published: January 2023

In current therapeutic approaches, transplantation of organs provides the best available treatment for a myriad of end‐stage organ failures. However, shortage of organ donors, lacunae in preservation methods, and lack of a suitable match are the major constraints in advocating this life‐sustaining therapy. There has been continuous progress in the strategies for organ preservation since its inception. Current strategies for organ preservation are based on the University of Wisconsin (UW) solution using the machine perfusion technique, which allows successful preservation of intra‐abdominal organs (kidney and liver) but not intra‐thoracic organs (lungs and heart). However, novel concepts with a wide range of adapted preservation technologies that can increase the shelf life of retrieved organs are still under investigation. The therapeutic interventions of in vitro‐cultured stem cells could provide novel strategies for replacement of nonfunctional cells of damaged organs with that of functional ones. This review describes existing strategies, highlights recent advances, discusses challenges and innovative approaches for effective organ preservation, and describes application of stem cells to restore the functional activity of damaged organs for future clinical practices.
Improved left atrial appendage closure procedural efficiency using radiofrequency transseptal wire system
Authors: Whitler Cameron , McClellan Brittni , Patel Harshil , Rajpurohit Dhruv , Kalaba Frank , Kado Herman , David Shukri , Shah Dipak
Published: January 2023

Objective

The radiofrequency (RF) needle has been shown to improve transseptal puncture efficiency and safety compared to mechanical needles. This study aimed to investigate the use of VersaCross RF transseptal wire system (Baylis Medical) to improve procedural efficiency of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) compared to the standard RF needle‐based workflow.

Methods

Eighty‐one LAAC procedures using WATCHMAN FLX were retrospectively analyzed comparing the standard RF needle‐based workflow to a RF wire‐based workflow. Study primary endpoint was time to WATCHMAN device release, and secondary endpoints were transseptal puncture time, LAAC success, fluoroscopy use, and procedural complications.

Results

Twenty‐five cases using standard RF needle‐based workflow were compared to 56 cases using the RF wire‐based workflow. Baseline patient characteristics were similar between both groups. LAAC was successful in all patients with no differences in intraprocedural complication rates (p = 0.40). Transseptal puncture time was 1.3 min faster using the RF wire‐based workflow compared to the standard RF needle‐based workflow (6.5 ± 2.3  vs. 7.8 ± 2.3 min, p = 0.02). Overall, time to final WATCHMAN device release was 4.5 min faster with the RF wire‐based workflow compared to the RF needle‐based workflow (24.6 ± 5.6 vs. 29.1 ± 9.6 min, p = 0.01). Fluoroscopy time was 21% lower using the RF wire‐based workflow (7.6 ± 2.8 vs. 9.6 ± 4.4 min; p = 0.05) and fluoroscopy dose was 67% lower (47.1 ± 35.3 vs. 144.9 ± 156.9 mGy, p = 0.04) and more consistent (F‐test, p ˂ 0.0001).

Conclusions

The RF wire‐based workflow streamlines LAAC procedures, improving LAAC efficiency and safety by reducing fluoroscopy, device exchanges, and delivery sheath manipulation.
Nickel Catalyzed Alkylation of Oxindoles with Alkyl Alcohols
Authors: Ghosh Adrija , Bera Atanu , Banerjee Debasis
Published: January 2023

Herein, a simple and efficient nickel‐catalyzed C‐3‐selective alkylation of 2‐oxindoles using primary alkyl and allylic alcohols have been demonstrated. The catalytic protocol enables transformations in the presence of free hydroxyl group, amine, cycloalkanes, olefins, and lactam including more challenging C2‐C4 alcohols, citronellol and oleic acid derived alcohol in up to 96 % yield. Initial mechanistic studies and deuterium labelling experiments were performed. Synthetic modulations of the lactam enabled new routes for the synthesis of C‐3‐substituted indoles, indolines, and un‐symmetric urea derivatives.
La distance psychologique en sciences de gestion: Apports et limites de la théorie des niveaux de représentation
Authors: Didi Alaoui Mohamed
Published: January 2023

This article explains how construal level theory (CLT) expand knowledge of management sciences related to the effect of psychological distance on the organization's stakeholders. This work also highlights different limits of this framework and sets out a research agenda to overcome them. The main limits concern 1) a lack of precision regarding the modification of construal level as a function of psychological distance; 2) a prevalence of research on temporal and social distance to retranscribe the effects of a psychological distance theorized as a global concept; 3) numerous inconsistencies regarding multiple distances. Managerial implications are also suggested to handle the psychological distance of the stakeholders.
Emission‐Tunable Nanofluorophores through Self‐assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: toward Application in Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhang Shensong , Qi Shuang , He Xiongfei , Xu Pan , Song Bo
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Nanofluorophores based on aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) dyes have recently received considerable attention because of their unique optical properties and biocompatibility. In this work, we report an emission‐tunable nanofluorophore constructed by the self‐assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer (denoted by PTN). The diblock copolymer was synthesized by RAFT polymerization. A polyethylene glycol‐based trithiocarbonate was employed as the macromolecular chain transfer agent, and a near‐infrared emitting tetraphenylethylene derivative with a vinyl terminal group was designed as the monomer. The block copolymers self‐assembled in an aqueous solution to form nanospheres, which showed near‐infrared emission at approximately 720 nm with a significant Stokes shift of approximately 260 nm. Furthermore, nanofluorophores have excellent biocompatibility, photostability, and pH‐independent emission‐tunable properties, and were successfully applied to label HeLa cells for fluorescence imaging.
Regression model selection via log‐likelihood ratio and constrained minimum criterion
Authors: Tsao Min
Published: January 2023

Although log‐likelihood is widely used in model selection, the log‐likelihood ratio has had few applications in this area. We develop a log‐likelihood ratio based method for selecting regression models by focusing on the set of models deemed plausible by the likelihood ratio test. We show that when the sample size is large and the significance level of the test is small, there is a high probability that the smallest model in this set is the true model; thus, we select this smallest model. The significance level of the test serves as a tuning parameter of this method. We consider three levels of this parameter in a simulation study and compare this method with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to demonstrate its excellent accuracy and adaptability to different sample sizes. This method is a frequentist alternative and a strong competitor to AIC and BIC for selecting regression models.
Learning about the concept of critical raw materials in chemistry teaching by a digital learning environment
Authors: Bütow Jana‐Christin , Eilks Ingo
Published: January 2023

Die Wirtschaft eines jeden Landes ist abhängig von der Versorgung mit Rohstoffen. Einige dieser Rohstoffe sind aber selten oder auf der Erde sehr ungleichmäßig verteilt. Dies führt zu einem Versorgungsrisiko, das mit dem Konzept der kritischen Rohstoffe beschrieben wird. Die Europäische Union (EU) analysiert dies und veröffentlicht alle drei Jahre eine Liste mit Rohstoffen, die kritisch für die Wirtschaft in der EU sind. Da eine funktionierende Wirtschaft auch Teil einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung ist, wird hier vorgeschlagen, mithilfe einer digitalen Lernumgebung einmal explizit über das Konzept der kritischen Rohstoffe zu lernen. Erste Erfahrungen aus dem Unterricht werden berichtet.
PROTOCOL: The effects of resettlement/re‐entry services on crime and violence in children and youth: A systematic review
Authors: Wong Jennifer S. , Lee Chelsey , Beck Natalie
Published: January 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The goal of the study is to examine the impacts of aftercare/resettlement interventions on youth with respect to criminogenic outcomes, and to examine factors related to intervention success. Specific objectives are as follows: (1) What is the impact of aftercare/resettlement interventions on youth with respect to outcomes of crime and violence? (2) How is the treatment effect of aftercare/resettlement interventions on crime and violence outcomes moderated by factors such as participant (e.g., age, race, ethnicity, sex, offender type), treatment (e.g., intensity and quality of implementation), methodological (e.g., measurement of crime, study design, timing of follow‐up measures), and study characteristics (e.g., date of publication, peer‐reviewed status)? (3) Are some types of aftercare/resettlement interventions more effective than others? (4) What are the barriers and facilitators to effective implementation of aftercare/resettlement interventions? (5) What are the mechanisms (theory of change) underlying aftercare/resettlement interventions? (6) What does the available research suggest regarding the cost of aftercare/resettlement interventions?
Study on Photoelectric Conversion Properties for Near‐infrared Absorbing Materials
Authors: Liu Bo‐Tau , Yang Hong‐Zhi , Lai Long‐Xin , Rachmawati Diana
Published: January 2023

The feasibility of near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing material Cs0.33WO3 to transform NIR to photocurrent in a solid‐state device is reported. The electrical properties and energy levels of Cs0.33WO3 and the impedance of the devices are analyzed in detail to realize the photovoltaic transformation mechanism further. Polyvinylpyrrolidone incorporation into the Cs0.33WO3 layer can effectively suppress electron‐hole recombination and raise the photocurrent density from 2.5 to 22.2 
(a 788% increase), which is much larger than that in a liquid‐electrolyte device. Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) used as a hole transport material can lead to a lower energy barrier and faster response than NiOX, but resulting in worse device stability.
Effect of elastic oral appliance chewing on frontal lobe activity
Authors: Yamamoto Yuu , Ryu Masahiro , Ueda Takayuki , Sasaki Yoshinori , Sakurai Kaoru
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Chewing increases frontal lobe activity, resulting in improved memory, learning ability, and response reaction time. This study aimed to assess the effects of elastic oral appliance chewing on the activities and functions of the frontal lobe.

Methods

The study participants were 15 healthy men with full dentulous (mean age, 27.4 ± 4.1 years). A prospective crossover design was used to assess frontal lobe activities and functions. Changes in frontal lobe activities were measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). At baseline, the participants were assessed in the resting state. Changes in channels #7, representing right frontal lobe activities by NIRS, and #10, representing left frontal lobe activities, during the first and second chewing periods in a total of two periods were evaluated. Frontal lobe functions were measured using the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT‐A) in the resting state and after elastic oral appliance or gum chewing. These values were compared with each period.

Results

Elastic oral appliance chewing caused significant differences between the baseline and first chewing periods for channel #7 (p = .032) and significant differences between the baseline and second chewing periods for channels #7 and #10 (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively) using NIRS. Moreover, significant differences were found in the TMT‐A results between the resting state and elastic oral appliance chewing (p = .04).

Conclusions

Elastic oral appliance chewing improves frontal lobe activities to a level similar to that obtained with gum chewing.
How do financial markets reward companies tackling climate change concerns? A natural experiment based on the Brexit referendum
Authors: Rodella Riccardo , De Giacomo Maria Rosa
Published: January 2023

This paper explores whether environmental management activities and corporate commitment to tackle climate change concerns play a role in hedging a company's market valuation after a political or economic shock. Based on the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and insurance‐like effects, this study advances knowledge on the impact of companies' engagement to tackle climate change on share price variation after the 2016 Brexit Referendum. The study also contributes to the limited number of studies using a difference‐in‐differences (DID) methodology in the CSR and climate change research area. Specifically, it uses DID, a natural experimental research design, and a multi‐variate regression analysis. The paper concludes that companies' concrete commitment to climate change has a buffer role in mitigating uncertainty related to Brexit. As the study found that financial markets reward companies that pay attention through the adoption of concrete actions and best practices on environmental issues during uncertain periods with respect to those that do not, the findings are in line with previous literature suggesting that corporate environmental commitment plays a buffering role during troubling periods. Results on the buffer role played by screenings, assessments, or disclosure activities to address environmental issues are unclear. We thus argue that during uncertain times, markets sustain companies taking proactive actions to tackle climate change.
A review of Doherty power amplifier and load modulated balanced amplifier for 5G technology
Authors: Makhsuci Saeedeh , Masoumeh Navidi Seyedeh , Sanduleanu Mihai , Ismail Mohammed
Published: January 2023

In this paper, functionality of the Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) along with their design constraints such as DPA combining techniques are reviewed. This is because power amplifier (PA) is a key building block in the design of fifth generation (5G) communication systems. A significant trend is the DPA bandwidth enhancement technique, which is the subject of numerous papers in the literature. So, we will review some papers with different solutions to address DPA's bandwidth limitations. There are also different works in the literature that have focused on high‐efficiency PA structure designs, which are also discussed in this paper. An excellent option for effective power combining in broadband designs is using balanced amplifiers. We have discussed load modulated balanced amplifiers (LMBA) in this paper because designing an effective PA with a wide bandwidth is crucial. We also covered some papers that have proposed techniques based on the linearization method to bring the efficiency and linearity of DPAs to a fair level.
Molten salt electro‐preparation of graphitic carbons
Authors: Zhu Fei , Ge Jianbang , Gao Yang , Li Shijie , Chen Yunfei , Tu Jiguo , Wang Mingyong , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: January 2023

Graphite has been used in a wide range of applications since the discovery due to its great chemical stability, excellent electrical conductivity, availability, and ease of processing. However, the synthesis of graphite materials still remains energy‐intensive as they are usually produced through a high‐temperature treatment (>3000°C). Herein, we introduce a molten salt electrochemical approach utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) or amorphous carbons as raw precursors for graphite synthesis. With the assistance of molten salts, the processes can be conducted at moderate temperatures (700–850°C). The mechanisms of the electrochemical conversion of CO2 and amorphous carbons into graphitic materials are presented. Furthermore, the factors that affect the graphitization degree of the prepared graphitic products, such as molten salt composition, working temperature, cell voltage, additives, and electrodes, are discussed. The energy storage applications of these graphitic carbons in batteries and supercapacitors are also summarized. Moreover, the energy consumption and cost estimation of the processes are reviewed, which provides perspectives on the large‐scale synthesis of graphitic carbons using this molten salt electrochemical strategy.
Henckelia arupii (Gesneriaceae): A new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Taram Momang , Tag Hui
Published: January 2023

Henckelia arupii, a new species discovered from Arunachal Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. The new species is superficially similar to Henckelia adenocalyx and three other Northeast Indian species in habit, in the broadly ovate foliaceous bracts covering the flower buds, in the parallel‐convergent venation of the bracts and in the infundibuliform corolla. However, it differs in having cymes reduced to solitary flowers, a campanulate, narrowly pleated calyx and lanceolate to elliptic revolute calyx segments. A detailed description and photographic illustration of the morphological characters is presented. So far, Henckelia arupii is only known from the type locality.
A sensory characterization of some N‐heterocycles in model spirit matrix: Influence of ethanol and several chemical features on aroma perception
Authors: Goullet Agathe , Hanaei Farnaz , Vallet Nadine , Nonier Marie‐Françoise , Vivas Nathalie , Vivas Nicolas , Picard Magali
Published: January 2023

The qualitative spirit ageing bouquet, developed during maturation in oak casks through a complex transformation process, can result in a broad palette of nuances where roasted and nutty aromas are often identified. Nitrogen heterocycles (pyrazines, thiazoles, pyrroles), produced during the heating step of the barrel‐manufacturing, contribute to the perception of these nuances. However, their specific sensory characteristics within the spirit matrix have been poorly studied until now. The current study consisted in an overall olfactory characterization of nine targeted N‐heterocycles molecules previously identified in oak wood and detected in spirits. In a first step, the olfactory perception thresholds (detection and recognition) were measured in a spirit model medium (23% hydroalcoholic solution, pH 4), revealing that the presence of ethanol at such level minimally affected the olfactory perception of the studied compounds. A first sensory description of the set of N‐heterocycles also highlighted a large spectrum of aromatic nuances, mostly related to the semantic field of wood (nut, roasted, smoky, spicy). In a second step, a profile of the key aromatic attributes of the studied molecules was compiled, on the basis of their corresponding intensity scores given by a trained expert panel. Principal Component Analysis followed by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis categorized the pool of N‐heterocycles according to their sensory similarities. The presence of ethanol in spirit model matrix did not affect detection and recognition thresholds of studied N‐heterocycles. Wood‐derived nuances accounted among the most representative aromas characterized the studied N‐heterocycles. Functionals groups carried out by the chemical ring modified the aromatic perception of N‐heterocycles.
Impact of Digital Marketing Practices on Energy Consumption, Climate Change, and Sustainability
Authors: Thangam Dhanabalan , Chavadi Chandan
Published: January 2023

The term “sustainability” is now omnipresent in all sectors of the economy, particularly today in the business sector. Consumers are pressuring businesses to improve their day‐to‐day operating processes by becoming more environmentally friendly and minimizing their negative impacts on society and the environment. Prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, online shoppers worldwide began rejecting goods and services from companies that violate social norms as well as personal values. The longer‐term remote work status of a large percentage of the global population following the pandemic has served to fuel the sustainability movement throughout the world, as consumers have transitioned from offline to online businesses. As a result, online businesses have begun promoting their products vigorously through digital marketing and advertising. This transition is realizing significant environmental and sustainability benefits through the reduction of energy consumption and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated. Against this backdrop, this article attempts to explain the impact of digital marketing on climate change and sustainability, including the estimation of possible environmental damages resulting from digital marketing, why digital marketing companies need to have a sustainable business strategy, and future efforts needed to ensure a sustainable environment.
A novel PPP2R2A::PRKD1 fusion in a cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland
Authors: de Jager Vincent D. , de Visscher Sebastiaan A. H. J. , Schuuring Ed , Doff Jan J. , van Kempen Léon C.
Published: January 2023

Cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland (CASG) is a rare, salivary gland tumor. In this report, we describe a case of CASG harboring a novel PPP2R2A::PRKD1 fusion. A 58‐year‐old female presented with an intraoral mass adjacent to the lower left third molar region. Morphological features at histological examination, immunohistochemical staining (p63+, p40−), and tumor location were indicative of CASG. However, due to the potential focal presence of a biphasic component within the tumor, RNA sequencing was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The subsequently found novel PPP2R2A::PRKD1 fusion adds to the rapidly evolving molecular landscape of salivary gland tumors. Additionally, we report that CASG may show some entrapment of pre‐existent salivary gland ducts, which may be misinterpreted as tumor cells with myoepithelial differentiation.
Tailoring STrAtegies for RelaTives for Black and South Asian dementia family carers in the United Kingdom: A mixed methods study
Authors: Webster Lucy , Amador Sarah , Rapaport Penny , Mukadam Naaheed , Sommerlad Andrew , James Tiffeny , Javed Sabrina , Roche Moïse , Lord Kathryn , Bharadia Trishna , Rahman‐Amin Malayka , Lang Iain , Livingston Gill
Published: January 2023

Objectives

We culturally adapted STrAtegies for RelaTives (START), a clinically and cost‐effective intervention for dementia family carers, for Black and South Asian families. It had previously been delivered to family carers around the time of diagnosis, when most people with dementia had very mild, mild or moderate dementia.

Methods

We interviewed a maximum variation sample of family carers (phase one; n = 15 South Asian; n = 11 Black) about what aspect of START, required cultural adaptation, then analysed it thematically using the Cultural Treatment Adaptation Framework then adapted it in English and into Urdu. Facilitators then delivered START individually to carers (phase two; n = 13 South Asian; n = 8 Black). We assessed acceptability and feasibility through the number of sessions attended, score for fidelity to the intervention and interviewing family carers about their experiences. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. to examine whether immediate changes in family carers' mental health were in line with previous studies.

Results

In phase one we made adaptations to peripheral elements of START, clarifying language, increasing illustrative vignettes numbers, emphasising privacy and the facilitator's cultural competence and making images ethnically diverse. In phase two 21 family carers consented to receive the adapted intervention; 12 completed ≥5/8 sessions; four completed fewer sessions and five never started. Baseline HADS score (n = 21) was 14.4 (SD = 9.8) but for those who we were able to follow up was 12.3 (SD 8.1) and immediately post‐intervention was 11.3 (n = 10; SD = 6.1). Family carers were positive about the adapted START and continued to use elements after the intervention.

Conclusions

Culturally adapted START was acceptable and feasible in South Asian and Black UK‐based family carers and changes in mental health were in line with those in the original clinical trial. Our study shows that culturally inclusive START was also acceptable. Changes made in adaptations were relevant to all populations. We now use the adapted version for all family carers irrespective of ethnicity.
“Healthy Kids”—A capacity building approach for the early childhood education and care sector
Authors: Brown Alice , Philipson Alanna , Dunstan Kym , Frazer‐Ryan Skye
Published: January 2023

Issue Addressed

Queensland children have a higher level of developmental vulnerability compared to the Australian average. This paper reports on Healthy Kids—a capacity building strategy for the early childhood education and care (ECEC) sector targeting communities experiencing socio‐economic and child development vulnerabilities. These communities may face additional barriers when engaging and participating in health promotion models. This paper reports on the development, key components and principles of a capacity building model referred to as Healthy Kids, that strategically responds to these barriers and supports these communities.

Methods

The development of the Healthy Kids model emerged through a quality improvement process that included an environmental scan, and review of existing capacity building, health promotion, and workforce development approaches. It also involved consultation and engagement with the ECEC sector.

Results

Evidence indicates Healthy Kids to be an innovative health promotion model focussed on building capacity through a workforce development strategy for the ECEC sector in a way that is accessible, low cost, and sustainable.

So What?

This paper shares a model for building capacity through the establishment of localised cross‐sector communities of practice across a large geographic region with a centralised coordinating hub. The hub and spoke model has facilitated community ownership to grow and be sustained over time. This model offers opportunities for partnerships, transferability, and contextualisation for those interested in contemporary health promotion, capacity building, and workforce development. The model offers an approach for those willing to step outside traditional boundaries to work across sectors and settings to achieve sustainable knowledge and skills, processes and resources that enables a collective commitment to improving health outcomes.
Food purchasing practices in various retail settings and dietary intake: A cross‐sectional survey of Australian adolescents
Authors: Chen Yan Jun Michelle , Haynes Ashleigh , Scully Maree , Gascoyne Claudia , McAleese Alison , Dixon Helen , Morley Belinda , Wakefield Melanie
Published: January 2023

Background/Aims

Discretionary, energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor food and drinks are heavily marketed and readily available in retail settings frequented by adolescents. This study examines associations between food purchasing practices in various retail settings and dietary intake among Australian adolescents.

Methods

Participants were students in years 8 to 11 (ages 12‐17 years) who completed the 2009‐10 (n = 13 790), 2012‐13 (n = 10 309) or 2018 (n = 9102) National Secondary Students' Diet and Activity (NaSSDA) cross‐sectional survey. Multistage stratified random sampling was used. An online survey completed at school assessed self‐reported frequency of food purchasing practices in various retail settings and consumption of discretionary food, sugary drinks, fruit and vegetables. Generalised linear regression models examined associations between food purchasing practices and dietary behaviour.

Results

Relative to students who brought lunch from home, those who purchased lunch from school or nearby outlets reported higher intake of discretionary food and sugary drinks and lower fruit intake. Buying lunch from school was also associated with lower vegetable intake. Buying food or drinks on the school commute, outside school grounds during school hours, from supermarket checkouts, and using mobile phone apps were each associated with higher discretionary food and sugary drink intake (all P < .01).

Conclusions

Purchasing food or drink in various retail settings is associated with higher intake of discretionary food and drink among Australian adolescents, and some purchasing practices appeared to displace fruit and vegetable intake.

So What?

These findings highlight a need to improve the accessibility and promotion of healthier food and drink options in schools and other retail settings.
Hydrologic‐based modelling of burn depth potentials in degraded peat soils
Authors: Link Nicholas T. , McLaughlin Daniel L. , Stewart Ryan D. , Strahm Brian D. , Varner J. Morgan , Word Clayton S. , Wurster Frederic C.
Published: January 2023

Peatland drainage may degrade system resilience to high intensity, soil‐consuming fires. Peat soil fires are unique in that they can smoulder vertically through the soil column, with a multitude of consequences including large carbon emissions, altered hydrology, and dramatic shifts in vegetation communities. In this work we developed and verified a new method to model peat burn depths with readily available water level and peat hydraulic property data at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (VA and NC, USA). To model peat burn depths across 11 sites in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge we combined water table time series data and soil moisture release curves, developed at multiple depths, with moisture‐to‐ignition thresholds. A subset of the results from this empirical modelling approach of peat burn depth severity were compared against those made using a mechanistic model of soil moisture, HYDRUS 1‐D. By comparing modelled burn depth potentials between these two approaches for a range of peats, we confirmed that our simpler, water table‐based approach had similar performance to HYDRUS 1‐D in drained and degraded peats, like those found in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge. A comparative analysis of modelled burn depths across our study site found that water table position and peat water holding capacity were the key governing controls on burn depth potential. Our findings suggest that drainage weakens both short‐ and long‐term controls on peat burn depths by reducing soil moisture and by decreasing peat water holding capacity. This new approach offers land managers with an additional tool for assessing risk while offering insight into the drivers of peatland wildfire severity.
3′ Untranslated Region Structural Elements in CYP24A1 Are Associated With Infantile Hypercalcemia Type 1
Authors: Ball Nicole , Duncan Susan , Zhang Yueying , Payet Rocky , Piec Isabelle , Whittle Eloise , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Schoenmakers Inez , Lopez Berenice , Chipchase Allison , Kumar Arun , Perry Leslie , Maxwell Heather , Ding Yiliang , Fraser William D. , Green Darrell
Published: January 2023

Loss‐of‐function mutations in the CYP24A1 protein‐coding region causing reduced 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) catabolism have been observed in some cases of infantile hypercalcemia type 1 (HCINF1), which can manifest as nephrocalcinosis, hypercalcemia and adult‐onset hypercalciuria, and renal stone formation. Some cases present with apparent CYP24A1 phenotypes but do not exhibit pathogenic mutations. Here, we assessed the molecular mechanisms driving apparent HCINF1 where there was a lack of CYP24A1 mutation. We obtained blood samples from 47 patients with either a single abnormality of no obvious cause or a combination of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrolithiasis as part of our metabolic and stone clinics. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) to determine serum vitamin D metabolites and direct sequencing to confirm CYP24A1 genotype. Six patients presented with profiles characteristic of altered CYP24A1 function but lacked protein‐coding mutations in CYP24A1. Analysis upstream and downstream of the coding sequence showed single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the CYP24A1 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Bioinformatics approaches revealed that these 3′ UTR abnormalities did not result in microRNA silencing but altered the CYP24A1 messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structure, which negatively impacted translation. Our experiments showed that mRNA misfolding driven by these 3′ UTR sequence‐dependent structural elements was associated with normal 25OHD but abnormal 1,25(OH)2D catabolism. Using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing, we developed an in vitro mutant model for future CYP24A1 studies. Our results form a basis for future studies investigating structure–function relationships and novel CYP24A1 mutations producing a semifunctional protein. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Consequences of post‐weaning sleep deprivation on behaviour and oxidative stress parameters in rat plasma and brain
Authors: Wearick‐Silva Luis Eduardo , Nunes Magda Lahorgue , Luft Carolina , Camargo Nathalia F. , Fernandes Nathalia F. , Taurisano Melissa R. G. , de Oliveira Jarbas R.
Published: January 2023

Sleep is essential for health: Adequate sleep is essential for healthy development and sleep deprivation results in several consequences. Indeed, sleep deprivation early in life is associated with poor behaviour and cognition, as well as impaired mental and physical health. Preclinical studies have shown that sleep deprivation alters several physiological functions later in life such as the cardiovascular, immune and endocrine systems, resulting in altered oxidative states. Most of the preclinical literature is focused on adult animals, and little is known about oxidative alterations during development, especially in the context of sleep deprivation. Hence, we adapted a classic and well‐documented model of sleep deprivation, paradoxical sleep deprivation using multiple platforms, for juvenile rats and explored central and peripheral oxidative parameters, as well as the behavioural consequences of sleep deprivation post‐weaning. We showed that 96 h of paradoxical sleep deprivation induced a significant reduction in body weight, decreased sucrose preference—a behaviour suggestive of anhedonia—and increased glucose and decreased cholesterol in the plasma. In the brain, we observed a decrease in reduced glutathione levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in the hypothalamus, indicating oxidative damage in these regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that paradoxical sleep deprivation during development induces anhedonic behaviour and promotes central and peripheral alterations in oxidative parameters.
Quasi‐continuous infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization source coupled to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for direct analysis from well plates
Authors: Arciniega Cristina , Garrard Kenneth P. , Guymon Jacob P. , Manni Jeffrey G. , Apffel Alex , Fjeldsted John C. , Muddiman David C.
Published: January 2023

High‐throughput screening (HTS) is a technique mostly used by pharmaceutical companies to rapidly screen multiple libraries of compounds to find drug hits with biological or pharmaceutical activity. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a popular option for HTS given that it can simultaneously resolve hundreds to thousands of compounds without additional chemical derivatization. For this application, it is convenient to do direct analysis from well plates. Herein, we present the development of an infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) source coupled directly to an Agilent 6545 for direct analysis from well plates. The source is coupled to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) mass spectrometer to take advantage of the high acquisition rates without sacrificing resolving power as required with Orbitrap or Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) instruments. The laser used for this source operates at 100 Hz, firing 1 pulse‐per‐burst, and delivers around 0.7 mJ per pulse. Continuously firing this laser for an extended duration makes it a quasi‐continuous ionization source. Additionally, a metal capillary was constructed to extend the inlet of the mass spectrometer, increase desolvation of electrospray charged droplets, improve ion transmission, and increase sensitivity. Its efficiency was compared with the conventional dielectric glass capillary by measured signal and demonstrated that the metal capillary increased ionization efficiency due to its more uniformly distributed temperature gradient. Finally, we present the functionality of the source by analyzing tune mix directly from well plates. This source is a proof of concept for HTS applications using IR‐MALDESI coupled to a different MS platform.
How does SARS‐CoV‐2 infection impact on immunity, procession and treatment of pan cancers
Authors: Xiong Nan , Sun Qiangming
Published: January 2023

We identified 14 immune‐related differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between COVID‐19 patients and normal controls and the receiver operator characteristic curve results showed that they could be used to discriminate COVID‐19 patients from healthy controls. Single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORT analysis displayed immune landscape of COVID‐19 patients that the fraction of immune cells (like B cell subtypes and T cell subtypes) decreased distinctly in the first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection which may further weaken immunity of cancer patients and increasing inflammatory cells (Neutrophils and Macrophages) may further promote inflammatory response of cancer patients. Based on expression levels of 14 DEGs we found that first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may accelerate progression of cancer patients by Kaplan–Meier survival, immune subtypes and tumor microenvironment analyses, and may weaken anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody treatment effect of cancer patients by weighted gene co‐expression network, tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability analysis. The second SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was beneficial to control development of tumor seemingly, but it may be difficult for cancer patients to experience destroy successfully from first SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, let alone benefits from second SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In addition, this study also emphasized significance of multi‐factor analysis when analyzing impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on cancer patients.
Supervised machine learning for theory building and testing: Opportunities in operations management
Authors: Chou Yen‐Chun , Chuang Howard Hao‐Chun , Chou Ping , Oliva Rogelio
Published: January 2023

Machine learning's (ML's) unique power to approximate functions and identify non‐obvious regularities in data have attracted considerable attention from researchers in natural and social sciences. The emergence of predictive modeling applications in OM studies notwithstanding, it remains unclear how OM scholars can effectively leverage supervised ML for theory building and theory testing, the primary goals of scientific research. We attempt to fill this gap by conducting a literature review of recent developments in supervised ML in OM to identify vacancies in the extant literature, shedding light on how ML applications can move beyond problem‐solving into theory building, and formulating a procedure to help OM scholars leverage ML for exploratory theory development. Our procedure employs the random forest with well‐developed properties and inference toolkits that are crucial for empirical research. We then expand the boundary of ML usage and connect supervised ML to the explanatory modeling and hypothesis testing employed by OM empiricists for decades, and discuss the use of supervised ML for causal inference from observational data. We posit that contemporary ML can facilitate pattern exploration and enhance the validity of theory testing. We conclude by discussing directions for future empirical OM studies that aim to leverage ML.