bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntactic Means of Forming the Image of a Politician in Headlines of Leading American Newspapers
Authors: Shuyskaya Yu. V. , Anisimov R. Yu. , Drozdova E. A.
Published: April 2021

Syntactic means of forming the image of a politician in the headlines of English-language newspapers on the material of the websites of the corresponding publications are considered in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in 2020—2021 online media acquired particular importance: in the conditions of isolation associated with the pandemic, many readers, instead of the printed version of the newspaper, began to read the online version, the design of which allows you to read the headline and lead without seeing the main text of the titled material. The question is raised about the order of words and the position of the leader’s sur-name in the sentence as a means of positioning the figure of a political leader. The results of a comparative analysis of the headlines of “The New York Times” and “The Washington Post” for the period January 20, 2009 — February 20, 2009, Jan-uary 20, 2017 — February 20, 2017, January 20, 2021 — February 20, 2021 are presented. These periods correspond to the first month in office of US President Barack Obama (2009], Donald Trump (2017) and Joseph Biden (2021]. It has been proven that news-papers use manipulative technologies in headlines, relying on the communicative role of the subject and its place in the structure of the sentence. In particular, the president supported by this media is positioned as an active politician and the main character, while the unsupported president is positioned as a secondary and inactive one.
An Intellectual and a Peasant in Gleb Uspensky’s Cycle “Peasant and Peasant Labor”: Dynamics of Interaction in Context of Idea of “Merging with People”
Authors: Dyachuk T. V.
Published: April 2021

The cycle of essays by G. I. Uspensky “The Peasant and the Peasant Labor” in the aspect of the actual for Russian literature of the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries problems of relations between the people and the intellectuals are analyzed in the article. The crisis in the study of the “peasant” cycles of Uspensky, caused by the predominance of ideological interpretation, is stated. It is argued that Uspensky finds the key to understanding the peasantry not in the socio-economic conditions of his life, but in the field of aesthetics. The point of convergence, in which the peasant and the intellectual appear as equal subjects of communication, is, according to Uspensky, the aesthetic attitude to work. An implicit correspondence is established between peasant labor and the creative effort of the artist. Therefore, the intellectual turns out to be a necessary mediator in the process of the peasantry acquiring its own “voice”. It is proved that the aesthetic utopia in the cycle “Peasant and Peasant Labor” was crushed by the ethical maximalism of the writer. The peasant economy is represented by the Uspensky reasonably organized order, the anthroposphere, in which the working peasant was likened to the monarch and the Creator. In turn, the intellectual was declared an impostor, marked by the “antichrist” seal. In Uspensky’s creative consciousness, the aesthetic and ethical found themselves in a tragic and hopeless contradiction, and the prospect of “merging with the people” was illusory.
Features of Poetic Ecphrasis in A. Pushkin’s Poem “The Commander” (1835): from Draft to Clean Copy
Authors: Kiselyova I. A. , Potashova K. A.
Published: April 2021

The urgency of the matter is associated with the need to clarify the features of Pushkin's pictorial ecphrasis. For the first time it is indicated that the originality of the ecphrasis in the poem “The Commander” is determined by its odic genre content, characterized by plasticity, kaleidoscopicity, and spatial dimensionality. The role of lexical and grammatical semantics, semantics of syntactic constructions in the visualization of the verbal image and the verbalization of the pictorial artifact was determined by comparing the drafts and the clean copy of the poem “The Commander”. Particular attention is paid to verbs with visual and mental meaning, creating the effect of presence, the effect of visual allusions, the effect of a revived picture, creating a psychological portrait of the hero. The role of adverbs and demonstrative pronouns with deictic semantics, contributing to the creation of the effect of presence and serving as a means of designating spatial coordinates, is indicated. The role of reception of movement and reception of contrast in creating the illusion of a visually perceived image is emphasized. Through an analytical analysis of the ecphrasis of the poem "The Commander", Pushkin's concept of the image of General M. B. Barclay de Tolly, who appears as a rejected and unappreciated heroic figure by the crowd. The hypothesis is put forward that by verbalizing the portrait of the work of J. Dow, Pushkin canonizes in the mind of the reader the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, poetically transforming his portrait into an icon.
Rural Educational Institutions of Western Siberia in End of 19th — Beginning of 20th Centuries: Sanitary and Hygienic Conditions
Authors: Zverev V. A. , Tatarnikova A. I.
Published: April 2021

The study is devoted to the study of the problem of the sanitary-technical and hygienic state of school buildings and premises during the period of intensive development of the network of educational institutions in the West Siberian region in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. The purpose of the work is to characterize the conditions for the functioning of rural educational institutions in a remote province, to show their influence on the implementation of the educational process in the designated period. The authors consider the measures taken by the authorities, medical representatives, teachers and community activists to improve the learning environment for students in educational institutions. Considering such characteristics of the functioning of educational institutions as the presence / absence of their own building, floor area for each student, air composition, the ratio of the area of windows as conductors of light to the floor area, water supply sources, heating, ventilation, location and number of latrines (toilets), the frequency and methods of cleaning school premises, the most com-mon diseases of schoolchildren.  The conclusion is made about positive shifts in the organization of medical and sanitary supervision of schools, manifested in the organization of periodic audits of schools (their compliance with the current spatial planning and sanitary requirements was checked), intensification of efforts to update school furniture and its repair, as well as sanitary and hygienic education of students.
Hunger and Food Policy of Russian Empire in Late 19th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Rogozhina A. S.
Published: April 2021

The question of the causes and circumstances of overcoming hunger in Russia in the late 19th — early 20th centuries is considered in the article. Attention is paid to the analysis of historiographic material on the research topic. A review of food campaigns in Russia during the specified period is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the issue related to the circumstances of the 1891—1892 campaign, which demonstrated the inconsistency of the Food Regulations in effect in Russia since 1834. The author dwells on the issues of reforming the state food system. The main changes that took place in the state food system and associated with the approval of the food rules of 1900 are considered. The question is raised about the role of local governments in the state food policy of the period under study, as well as the perniciousness of the principle of “self-help”, which is the basis of the state food system. Attention is paid to the organization of charitable assistance to the population in the context of food campaigns. It is proved that the Russian village in the 90s of the XIX — early XX centuries was in a state of permanent food crisis due to the lack of a working model of the state food system.
Interpretation of Predicative Non-Assertive Relations in Structure of Utterance in Discourse of Russian Orthodox Sermon
Authors: Burtsev V. A.
Published: April 2021

The categorical affiliation and semantic characteristics of propositions that do not have the status of assertions in the current utterance are considered. Such propositions are denoted by the term “pre-conservative”. It is shown that the preassertive status of propositions is determined by two main factors: the grammatical factor of precedence / following of explicit or implicit predication with respect to the moment of speech and the discourse factor of presentation in the proposition of the preassertive information reflecting religious mentality and religious ideology. The action of these factors gives rise to the phenomenon of asubjectivation. With asubjectivization, the semantic content of a linguistic expression is determined only by the properties of the described situation, and not by the locutionary activity of the subject of speech. It has been established that whole sentences, including those with non-propositional meanings, can receive the “pre-passive” status. It is shown that, in terms of some properties, the preassertive is comparable to a number of units of different articulations of the semantic-syntactic structure of an utterance, however, its specific manifestation in connection with asubjectivation proves that this is a special category in relation to explicit predication. The research was carried out on the basis of the material of the Russian Orthodox sermon. The novelty of the research consists in the characterization of the preassertive as a new syntactic relation on the axis “assertion — non-assertive component” of the utterance. Relevance is determined by the fact that the work develops a fundamentally new aspect of the study of subjectivity in language.
Die Bedeutung personaler und sozialer Ressourcen für die Unterrichtsplanung in der Berufseinfindungsphase
Authors: Freisler-Mühlemann Daniela , Schafer Yves , Winkler Anja
Published: April 2021

In diesem Beitrag wurden mit einem explanativen Mixed-Methods-Design bedeutsame personale und soziale Ressourcen von Lehrpersonen für den Berufseinstieg im Bereich der Unterrichtsplanung untersucht. Die Analysen zeigen, dass das erste Jahr der eigenverantwortlichen Berufstätigkeit Anforderungen an Lehrpersonen stellt, die sie herausfordern und Ressourcen erfordern. Die Nutzung entsprechender personaler und sozialer Ressourcen hilft den Lehrpersonen, in ihrer Professionalisierung voranzukommen. Gewissenhaftigkeit und Widerstandskraft wirken sich positiv auf die Unterrichtsplanung aus, während soziale Unterstützung dann hilfreich ist, wenn eine verantwortliche und kooperationsbereite Ansprechperson in der Schule individuelle Lernbegleitung leistet. Dies schafft wichtige Voraussetzungen dafür, dass Lehrpersonen ihren Weg in den Beruf finden.
The Values of Dark Heritage Post-disaster: A Study of Tsunami Cases in Banda Aceh
Authors: Meutia Zya Dyena , Rosyidie Arief , Zulkaidi Denny , Maryati Sri
Published: April 2021

The 2004 tsunami disaster that hit Banda Aceh, one city in Indonesia as the worst affected area, has left various relics that need to be considered for their preservation. Nevertheless, it is still a debate so far because heritage preservation refers to the ordinary heritage with positive values from dark heritage after a disaster. It is important to know the significance of values in preserving relics post-disaster as commemoration and learning. In literature, there is still a lack of research about dark heritage values because of natural disasters. The purpose of this research is to explore the community's dark heritage values in encouraging post-disaster area conservation planning. Thus, the purpose of this research is to reveal and explain post-disaster area planning through the approach of dark heritage values. This research was conducted from December 2019 to April 2020 in the post-tsunami area of Banda Aceh as the most affected area with in-depth interviews with 36 informants from the local community, survivors, tourists, experts, and government to know their values. This study uses an interpretative approach because it seeks to construct the existence of dark heritage values in people's perception of seeing a post-disaster area as a heritage. The study results provide new insights that understanding a historic area is not always seen from values with a positive side. Still, dark side values also become a reference that needs to be considered to be preserved for the area's sustainability. The results showed that communities have memory, symbolic, narrative, religious, and scientific values in the post-disaster landscape.
21. A Stylistic, Spatial and Cultural Assessment of the Bovid Petroglyphs from Humayma
Authors: Welsh Emily
Published: April 2021

During the summer of 2014, more than 150 petroglyphs were discovered in the sandstone ridges west of the ancient town Hawara (modern day al-Humayma). The site, located in southern Jordan’s Hisma desert, boasts a diverse occupational history spanning from the Neolithic period to the present and representing many diverse cultural groups. The petroglyphs discovered west of the site depict various imagery, including animals, humans, and footprints. Among the animals, various representations of bovids were discovered, including ibex, gazelle and oryx. This study analyzed the bovid petroglyphs, focusing on their spatial relationships with one another and the environment, as well as the various stylistic depictions observed and potential genus identifications. A cultural assessment was also completed to examine the animals’ role through time, and other petroglyph representations discovered in the region were examined to pursue potential meanings for the newly discovered bovid petroglyphs. The petroglyphs depicted different artistic styles and could be sorted into categories based on artistic design and themes. The themes included solitary animals, interacting animals, predator/prey relationships and human hunting. The occurrence of the categories was analyzed across three study areas and in relation to the environment allowing potential explanations for their meanings to be proposed, each linked to the cultural groups that theoretically produced these petroglyphs.
Developing the Upcoming Generation of Leaders in the Workplace
Authors: Ismail-Teja Ruhee
Published: April 2021

This project is designed to understand the different generations coexisting in the workplace and create recommendations for corporate leadership on most effectively managing and developing leadership competencies in the younger generation. This investigation, examined through secondary sources and interviews with 20-35 year-olds, provides insight on the tools upcoming leaders need in order to build on current corporate success. Current research from psychology and business journals, and publications released by consulting companies and other sources was consolidated to evaluate the status of the workforce given the recent generational spread. Interviews were conducted with twelve employees and consultants from various industries in Calgary to understand their workplace values, definition of effective leadership, career aspirations, and views on their needs from current employers. Gen Yer’s and Traditionalists want to learn from one another in order to combine skills and strengths. This learning should take the form of both structured and informal mentorship as well as 360-degree feedback. The incoming generation wants a company to invest in them, which many companies are reluctant towards because they accurately believe Gen Xer’s and Yer’s have less longevity. The paradox lies in the reality that this generation is drawn to an environment in which their capacity for learning and opportunities are extensive. They are eager to build their careers with a company that helps them access a range of experiences, understand the ‘big picture’, and fosters challenging and meaningful work. Younger workers expect a culture of transparency, teams over hierarchies, respect for personal life, and trust.
The Effects of Social Environment on Pronouns as a Measure of Self-Awareness
Authors: Persall Nicole
Published: April 2021

By analyzing the types of words used in people’s writing, we can make inferences about the different psychological states individuals may be in. According to previous research, the types of pronouns people express in their language can give information about their focus of attention. Greater use of first person singular pronouns is indicative of higher levels of self-awareness. People's focus of attention can be shifted towards the self by placing a mirror in front of them, or shifted to others by having other people present. This study manipulated levels of self-awareness in individuals, and then measured the pronoun usage in their writing using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC2007). The results showed that the mirror condition displayed a significantly higher frequency of first person pronouns compared to the group condition. These results indicate that an individual setting with a mirror increases self-awareness, and that a group setting with no mirror reduces self-awareness. Researching self-awareness is important because it is a basic trait in humans, and a lack of, or excessive levels of self-awareness may indicate psychological problems, thus it can be applied to the study of mental disorders such as depression and mania.
5. Creating a Master Plan for Parrot's Bay Conservation Area
Authors: Corrigan Amelia , Bienkowski Michelle , Buttery Jessica , Clark Terri , Cyr Kaitlyn
Published: April 2021

Over the past 20 years the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority (CRCA) has been purchasing the area surrounding Parrot’s Bay in hopes to conserve wildlife habitat. By collaborating with CRCA, our aim is to gain insight through research of the surrounding area and examination of case studies from other conservation areas, to create the most effective conservation plan for Parrot’s Bay. The goal is to minimize the negative impacts of recreational trails and activities on wildlife within the conservation area. Such impacts include the disruption of migratory patterns, the relocation of animals into the area and fragmentation of habitat due to trail location. By identifying key species and their migration patterns within Parrot’s Bay we will design a plan that will cater to the species inhabiting the land while minimizing the anthropogenic effects on the natural habitats. Another key factor in the design of Parrot’s Bay is the issue of urban sprawl, which is very prevalent in this region. Our project will seek to minimize the effects of urban sprawl on the conservation area through the use of land planning and management policies. The outcome we hope to achieve is the formation of a master plan for Parrot’s Bay, to link all acquired land in order to prioritize and manage wildlife species most effectively.
22. Environmental Degradation in the Pursuit of Profit: Evaluation of Solar Panel Installation at the Queen’s University Biological Station and its Impact on Wildlife and Research
Authors: Szenteczki Mark , Rueckwald Megan , Serdetchnaia Anna , Trick Sarah , Zeng Diana
Published: April 2021

Queen’s University intends to install a 10 megawatt ground-mounted solar photovoltaic array on 80-110 acres of Queen’s University Biological Station (QUBS) land. The installation is proposed for Bracken Tract, a QUBS property that is an important habitat and breeding area to several threatened populations. For instance, certain bird populations inhabiting Bracken Tract have been the focus of numerous long-term studies, some of which are ongoing. The QUBS portion of the proposed solar project will account for ~90% of the solar energy Queen’s University anticipates producing. The project is expected to generate 2.5-4.7 million dollars in annual revenue under a Feed-In-Tariff pricing schedule. This not only provides a long-term financial profit, but also reaffirms Queen’s University as a national leader with a commitment to sustainability. Despite the additional revenue and contribution to the Queen’s Carbon Management Strategy, the proposed project will require the disruption of natural habitats and associated research. Combined with a lack of financial benefit to QUBS, this project has the potential to depreciate QUBS’ unique presence in the research community.  This analysis will use environmental assessment tools, consult with stakeholders, and perform a comprehensive literature review, in order to identify and resolve potential issues with the proposed solar project. Mitigation strategies and possible solutions will be explored – such as bird relocation plans or alternate solar farm layouts – to abate anticipated problems as well as ensure the proposed solar farm is environmentally sustainable and financially responsible.
Optimization of antibacterial therapy in patients with endo-periodontal lesions
Authors: Saleev R. A. , Blashkova S. L. , Krikun E. V. , Saleeva G. T. , Blashkova J. V. , Valeeva E. V.
Published: April 2021

To improve the quality and effectiveness of medical care for patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases, it is necessary to search for new approaches in both diagnosis and treatment. The aim of our study is to determine the effect of the diode laser on the pathogenic microflora of periodontal pockets and root canals in patients with endo-periodontal lesions (EPL). We carried out a comparative assessment of the bacterial contents of the root canals and periodontal pockets by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) before and after treatment with a diode laser (Doctor Smile Simpler, wavelength 980 nm) for 54 patients with EPL. The control group consisted of 56 patients who were treated according to the generally accepted method, including professional oral hygiene, endodontic treatment, and curettage of periodontal pockets. Evaluation criteria were a qualitative assessment of the content of periodontopathogens in the root canal and periodontal pocket before and after and treatment. As a result of our study, we found a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction in the colonization of periodontal pockets and root canals in patients with EPL after laser decontamination. The high technological effectiveness of the methods used in combination with the low risk of complications at the stages of endodontic and periodontological treatment provides an antibacterial effect and reduces the duration of inflammation. The results of treatment of patients using a diode laser give reason to recommend their use in the dental practice.
Factores psicosociales asociados con violencia de pareja entre hombres homosexuales mexicanos con VIH
Authors: Alderete-Aguilar Cecilia , Robles-García Rebeca , Ramos-Lira Luciana , Benjet Corina , Alvarado-Sánchez Nayelli , Lazcano-Ramírez Marlene
Published: April 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo central comparar los factores psicosociales en hombres homosexuales (HH) con y sin violencia de pareja (VP) en una muestra de pacientes de una clínica de atención del VIH en la Ciudad de México. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos tanto por sus características individuales como por variables propias de la comunidad gay que parecen evidenciar la asociación entre el rechazo y violencia social hacia minorías sexuales incluyendo la VP en esta población. Los hallazgos sugieren que el fenómeno de la VP entre HH con VIH requiere el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas para individuos, familias y comunidades.
Pengaruh penambahan tepung daun Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) dalam pakan terhadap kandungan kimia telur Ayam Arab
Authors: Surajat Asis , Mustika Ibrahim Anita
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan tepung daun Indigofera zollingeriana terhadap kualitas kimia telur ayam arab. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan di kelompok peternakan unggas Permata Kelurahan Wua - wua, Kendari. Pengujian kandungan kolesterol, lemak, dan protein telur dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Ransum perlakuan menggunakan persentase tepung daun Indigofera zollingeriana yang diuji terdiri atas: P0= 0% (kontrol), P1= 10%, P2= 15%, dan P3= 20%. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar lemak, protein, dan kolestrol telur ayam arab. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Apabila perlakuan berpengaruh nyata maka dilakukan Uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan tepung daun Indigofera zollingeriana pada pakan hingga 20% tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kadar protein, lemak, dan kolestrol telur Ayam Arab (P>0,05). Penggunaan tepung daun Indigofera zollingeriana sampai dengan 20% dalam pakan tidak mempengaruhi kualitas kimia telur ayam arab.
Hubungan antara Stres Akademik dengan Kecenderungan Gejala Somatisasi pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Tingkat Akhir Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Angkatan 2015
Authors: Irlaks Viton Surya , Murni Arina Widya , Liza Rini Gusya
Published: April 2021

Stres akademik merupakan suatu keadaan emosional yang paling umum dialami oleh mahasiswa selama masa studi. Stres yang tidak dikontrol dengan baik dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya gejala somatisasi. Tujuan: Menentukan hubungan antara stres akademik dengan kecenderungan gejala somatisasi pada mahasiswa program studi kedokteran tingkat akhir Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas angkatan 2015. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Responden penelitian adalah 100 orang mahasiswa program studi kedokteran tingkat akhir Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Angkatan 2015. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner Medical Student Stress Questionnaire (MSSQ) dan The Somatic Symptom Scale - 8 (SSS-8). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji bivariat Fisher’s exact. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan 43 orang (43%) adalah laki - laki dan 57 orang (57%) adalah perempuan. Usia terbanyak adalah 21 tahun (74%) dan paling sedikit 20 tahun (9%). Tingkat stres akademik 56 orang sedang (56%) dan 4 orang sangat berat (4%). Tingkat kecenderungan gejala somatisasi 26 orang sedang (26%) dan 11 orang sangat ringan (11%). Sebanyak 24 orang yang mengalami stres akademik memiliki kecenderungan gejala somatisasi sedang (27,9%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara stres akademik dengan kecenderungan gejala somatisasi pada mahasiswa program studi kedokteran tingkat akhir Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas angkatan 2015.Kata kunci: stres akademik, gejala somatisasi, mahasiswa tingkat akhir
Studi Awal Analisis Molekuler Human Papillomavirus dari Apusan Glans dan Batang Penis
Authors: Savira Maya , Yuwandari Resty , Maryanti Yossi , Kemal Rahmat Azhari , S Donel
Published: April 2021

Pria juga dapat mengalami keganasan akibat infeksi Human Papillomavirus (HPV) serta bertindak sebagai reservoir virus. Metode skrining HPV pada wanita telah terstandardisasi, namun belum ada standar metode skrining pada pria di Indonesia. Beberapa studi pada populasi pria di luar negeri menunjukkan potensi sampling pada daerah genitalia eksterna untuk skrining HPV. Tujuan: mengoptimasi metode skrining HPV secara molekuler pada pria. Metode: Responden adalah partner seksual wanita pansien kanker serviks di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Apusan dari glans dan batang penis diambil menggunakan nylon-flocked swab yang kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam 350µl viral transport medium terpisah. DNA diisolasi dari sampel yang kemudian dianalisis untuk mendeteksi gen human β-globin dan HPV. Hasil: Optimasi awal menunjukkan gen β-globin dapat terdeteksi dari hasil ekstraksi dengan kit Zeesan Viral RNA Extraction. Pita HPV hasil PCR dengan primer MY09 dan MY11 dapat muncul namun masih tipis. Simpulan: Studi awal ini menunjukkan bahwa apusan glans dan batang penis dapat digunakan untuk deteksi HPV secara molekuler pada pria, namun proses pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi DNA, dan PCR masih perlu dioptimasi.Kata kunci: apusan, glans, HPV, penis
Actividad disuasiva y biocida de Salvia officinalis con inducción de malformaciones en Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Castillo-Morales Ruth M. , Duque Luna Jonny Edward
Published: April 2021

Diferentes estudios han evaluado la actividad biocida de aceites esenciales (AEs) en larvas de mosquitos de importancia médica. Sin embargo, son limitadas las investigaciones que analizan los efectos de los AEs en todos los estadíos del ciclo de vida de Aedes aegypti. Este estudio evalúa la actividad biológica del AE de Salvia officinalis frente a Ae. aegypti. Se evaluó la actividad ovicida a concentraciones de 1, 5, 37 y 50 mg.L-1 en huevos de 0-12 h y huevos de 0-72 h. La actividad larvicida, pupicida y adulticida fue evaluada a concentraciones exploratorias (CE) y múltiples. Para la actividad repelente se empleó una CE de 1.000 mg.L-1 en intervalos de 0-2 min y de 2-15 min de exposición en antebrazos de voluntarios. La actividad disuasiva de oviposición se estimó a CE de 5, 50 y 200 mg.L-1. El AE causó malformaciones en embriones y alteración de las larvas. La mayor actividad larvicida fue a 63 y 76 mg.L-1 (27 ± 13,4 y 37 ± 18,6 %) a 24 h. La mayor mortalidad pupicida fue a 310 y 390 mg.L-1 (89 ± 1,53 and 100 ± 0 %) a las 48 h. La mortalidad adulticida a 300 mg.L-1 fue de 57,5 ± 0 % y el porcentaje de repelencia fue de 42 ± 4,7 %. La acción disuasiva a 200 mg.L-1 fue de 97 ± 4,81 %, con un índice de actividad de ovipostura de -0,94. S. officinalis mostró un efecto biocida en embriones y mortalidad de pupas y adultos, lo que revela que tiene un uso potencial en programas de control focalizados en estos estadios de desarrollo.
Las hormigas Pheidole (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) en el bosque seco tropical de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Camargo-Vanegas José Juan , Guerrero Roberto Jose
Published: April 2021

Las hormigas son un componente biótico conspicuo dentro del bosque seco tropical, debido a su gran diversidad tanto a nivel de especies como funcional. Del conjunto de hormigas se destacan las del género Pheidole (Formicidae: Myrmicinae), categorizadas como grupo hiperdiverso por el alto número de especies que presenta en cualquier tipo de bosque tropical. Esta característica hace de este grupo un reto taxonómico durante el desarrollo de estudios de diversidad y ecología, por lo tanto, estudios locales que ofrezcan información sobre la identidad de las especies de Pheidole de un área determinada, se convierten en un recurso importante para la toma de decisiones. En este trabajo se documentó la fauna de hormigas del género Pheidole en diferentes formaciones de bosque seco tropical en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se registran 13 especies de las cuales Pheidole guajirana amplía su distribución al departamento del Magdalena, mientras que P. impressa y P. leptina son registradas por primera vez en el país. También se ofrece la diagnosis y descripción de la nueva especie P. urbana y sus rasgos morfológicos son comparados con especies similares del grupo informal “flavens”. Se evalúa y discute la riqueza de especies del género en los diferentes sitios de muestreo. Se ofrecen características morfológicas distintivas para cada una de las especies. Además, se discute la variabilidad morfológica y se incluyen fotografías a color para las soldados (= obrera mayor) y obreras (= obrera menor) de cada una de las especies registradas.
Incidencia de plagas en material poscosecha de nueve cultivares de hortensia tipo exportación, en Antioquia (Colombia)
Authors: Molina-Acosta Maria Daniela , Calvo Samir Julián , Palacio Magda Milena , Giraldo Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2021

El sector floricultor en Colombia genera gran impacto económico y social desde hace más de 40 años. Las hortensias tienen los mayores incrementos en áreas sembradas y exportaciones, pero muy poco se tiene documentado sobre las principales plagas y enfermedades que afectan los cultivos. Este trabajo evaluó las plagas presentes en flores de hortensia inspeccionadas en una comercializadora del oriente antiqueño. Durante cinco meses se evaluaron 6.272 muestras (31.360 flores), de nueve cultivares procedentes de 86 predios en seis municipios. El 8,61 % de las muestras presentaron algún individuo limitante para su comercialización. Los artrópodos de mayor incidencia (75,19 %) fueron los ácaros, tanto huevos como formas móviles, y en menor proporción áfidos, trips y babosas. Los cultivares más afectados fueron los de flores azules. El 90 % de los predios (n = 86) presentaron algún evento de interceptación, sin un patrón de afectación espacial asociado al municipio de procedencia. El análisis sugiere que la interceptación por plagas cuarentenarias se asocia al manejo del cultivo y al tratamiento poscosecha, más que a los cultivares o localización geográfica de los mismos. Este trabajo presenta por primera vez información referente a las plagas de mayor incidencia en hortensias tipo exportación, y aporta información que puede ayudar a identificar plagas, sectores y cultivares prioritarios para inspección y evaluación en campo.
Efecto de la temperatura en la expresión fenotípica de caracteres de las manchas costales de Nyssorhynchus triannulatus (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae)
Authors: González Obando Ranulfo , Cárdenas Henao Heiber , Marín Londoño Omar Alejandro
Published: April 2021

En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura sobre la expresión fenotípica del tamaño, el alargamiento (largo/ancho) y las manchas costales de las alas entre familias, progenies y sexos, mediante morfometría tradicional en Nyssorhynchus triannulatus del sur de Colombia. En las progenies de 11 familias, criadas a 20, 24 y 28 °C, las alas presentaron cuatro patrones de manchas costales. El patrón I estuvo presente en las tres temperaturas como el más frecuente. Dentro de familias la tasa promedio largo/ancho de las alas fue significativamente mayor en machos respecto a hembras, mientras que las variaciones por sexo de esta característica fueron similares. Entre las familias, la temperatura influyó de manera variable sobre los tamaños de las alas y las manchas costales. En los componentes de la variación fenotípica, no se detectó efecto significativo de la temperatura de crianza sobre la longitud del ala y varios de los caracteres analizados, pero la tasa longitud de la mancha subcostal clara sobre la longitud de la mancha sectorial oscura distal (SCP/DSD) fue la más sensible a los cambios de temperatura. El aporte genético del tamaño del ala y la longitud de los caracteres medidos, así como el efecto de las familias (origen) en la variación fenotípica, fue significativo en casi todos los caracteres analizados. El efecto de los sexos sobre la variación fenotípica de los caracteres estudiados solo fue significativo para algunos de ellos y se observaron pocas interacciones significativas entre los tres factores analizados (temperatura, familia y sexo) con efecto bajo sobre la variación fenotípica.
Intestinal perforation caused by ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Authors: Noskiewicz Jakub , Kopaczewski Bartłomiej , Rzanny-Owczarzak Małgorzata , Jarmusz Krzysztof , Kocąb Barbara , Mańkowski Przemysław
Published: April 2021

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation is one of the most common procedures in paediatric neurosurgery. Although the procedure is used often in general neurosurgical practice and regarded as a safe intervention, it has several usual and unusual complications. About a half of these complications involve the peritoneal catheter. Spontaneous transanal protrusion of ventriculoperitoneal shunt is very rare. A 4-month-old baby was admitted to hospital due to spontaneous, asymptomatic transanal protrusion of ventriculoperitoneal catheter. The boy was put on intravenous antibiotics and taken to surgery. Treatment consisted of extrusion of the peritoneal catheter through the anus and temporary externalisation of the proximal part of the shunt. The previously implanted valve was preserved. Laparotomy was not necessary. Postoperative parenteral nutrition was used. No gastrointestinal complications were found on postoperative observation. Finally, a new peritoneal catheter was implanted.
Perioperative management of an adult diabetic patient for elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Wadełek Jacek
Published: April 2021

Patients with diabetes mellitus are more likely to require admission to hospital for conditions other than the diabetes itself and are more likely to undergo colorectal surgery. The paper presents guidelines for the preoperative management in diabetic patients scheduled for elective colorectal surgeries. Colorectal cancer and diabetes are increasingly common diseases. A major colorectal surgery may affect metabolic control in diabetes. Surgical procedure, perioperative fasting and interruptions in therapy contribute to poor glycaemic control, which in turn is a significant factor increasing mortality, morbidity and the length of hospital stay among patients with diabetes. Minimising such effects may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. An extended elective colorectal surgery should be postponed if possible in patients with poor preoperative glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 9%). The target range for the perioperative period is between 140 and 180 mg/dL. Hypoglycaemia should also be avoided. This paper presents preoperative management in adult patients with diabetes mellitus scheduled for elective colorectal surgery. Glycaemic control is a key aspect in the perioperative management. For minor surgeries, blood glucose should be monitored before and immediately after surgery in all patients.
Selected complications of colonoscopy – an anaesthetist’s point of view
Authors: Wadełek Jacek
Published: April 2021

Colonoscopy is a commonly performed procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of conditions and symptoms, as well as for the screening and surveillance of colorectal neoplasia. Serious complications, such as bleeding and perforation, are reported in patients undergoing colonoscopy, especially during polypectomy. Bleeding is the most common complication of colonic polypectomy. It can occur immediately following polypectomy or be delayed from hours to up to days. Acute post-polypectomy haemorrhage is usually immediately apparent and amenable to endoscopic therapy. Nonendoscopic treatment modalities include angiographic embolization and surgery. Acute massive bleeding (internal bleeding/haemorrhage) into the lower gastrointestinal tract may cause hypovolaemia, which decreases cardiac output and tissue oxygen supply, which may require emergency surgery. Although colonic perforation is a rare complication, it is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. This unpleasant complication could result in surgical intervention, stoma formation, intra-abdominal sepsis, prolonged hospital stay, and even death. An extra-intestinal structure identified during endoscopic examination is the most common clinical feature of colonic perforation. The management of patients with colonic perforation should be individualized based on patients’ clinical status and underlying diseases, the nature of perforation, and concomitant colorectal pathologies. Patients with both acute massive bleeding and lower gastrointestinal perforation may need emergency laparotomy, which requires perioperative cooperation of an endoscopist, a surgeon and an anaesthetist.
Defecography in contemporary coloproctological diagnostics
Authors: Popiel Monika
Published: April 2021

Evacuatory difficulty is a common problem covering a large spectrum of disorders, from constipation to faecal incontinence. In addition to a visit to a surgeon-proctologist, the diagnosis of impaired defecation often requires urological and gynaecological evaluation. Many pathologies causing evacuatory difficulty, such as full thickness rectal prolapse, reduced sphincter tone and haemorrhoidal disease, can be detected by clinicians already at the stage of physical examination. A large group of pathologies may be detected using standard diagnostic techniques such as colonoscopy and pelvic imaging, e.g. computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and transabdominal/transrectal/transvaginal ultrasonography. However, certain abnormalities are only visible during functional pelvic examination. These include rectocele, sigmoidocele, enterocele, internal intussusception, cystocele, and spastic pelvic floor syndrome. Defecography is guided by either X-ray or MRI. Pelvic function may be also assessed using transperineal ultrasonography. Defecography involves 4 phases: rest, forced contraction, strain, and defecation. The anorectal angle and, in the case of MRI, the PCL line (which is a reference point for most measurements), are determined in order to evaluate the position and mobility of pelvic organs. Pelvic function evaluation helps differentiate patients with evacuatory difficulties requiring surgical intervention from those who need conservative treatment (exercises, electrostimulation). Furthermore, it helps choose an appropriate technique and surgical access, as well as select patients requiring a more interdisciplinary approach.
THE DIVERSITY IN THE CRITICAL ESSAY GENRE IN WESTERN UKRAINIAN PERIODICALS OF 1920 – 1930s
Authors: Кучма Наталія , Деркач Галина
Published: April 2021

Стаття стосується жанрових різновидів літературно-критичного есе (рецензії, фейлетони, нариси, портрети, серії есе), що функціонував у періодичних виданнях Західної України у 20-30-ті роки XX століття. Авторипоказали, як завдяки взаємопроникненню компонентів різних жанрів літературної критики сформувалисяосновні стилістичні особливості творів провідних критиків зазначеного часу та регіону, особливо Є.-Ю.Пеленського, М. Рудницького, М. Ковальського, Л. Нигрицького та С. Гординського. Домінуючі критерії критичних оцінок та спостережень показані на конкретних прикладах.
ЗОВНІШНЄ НЕЗАЛЕЖНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ МЕНШИНИ ЗАКАРПАТТЯ
Authors: Белей Лесь
Published: April 2021

У статті проаналізовано рівень освіти представників угорської та румунської меншини Закарпаття. Зіставлено результати зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання з української мови та літератури (протягом 2016 – 2020 рр.), історії України, математики, фізики, хімії, біології (2020 р.), зокрема відсоток нескладених іспитів та середній бал. Показники представників національних меншин порівнюються з показниками українських школярів для оцінки рівності можливостей під час вступу до вищих навчальних закладів та потенціалу реалізації права на освіту.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF BUSINESS LETTERS (ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN PARALLELS)
Authors: Блашків Ольга
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on one of the central issues of comparative linguistic and stylistics which consists in singling out of convergent and divergent linguistic features of official-business letters written in different languages. It aims to describe those most conspicuous homologous and distinguishing characteristics of English and Ukrainian official-business style documents that should constitute the subject of special attention in situations of interlanguage communication. The revealed peculiarities are explained taking into account the intercultural specifics of the participants of business written communication. In particular, the national specifics of the construction of English and Ukrainian written language, socio-cultural properties of the written language.
ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ДИДАКТИЧНОЇ ЛЕКСИКИ В СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ ТЕКСТАХ
Authors: Плавуцька Ольга , Пасічник Наталія
Published: April 2021

У статті проаналізовано поєднання як спосіб функціонування дидактичної лексики у спеціальних текстах. аналізуються погляди провідних лінгвістів, проводяться паралелі між сумісністю та валентністю як маркерами функціонування професійної лексики в освітній галузі. Відзначено, що в навчальному процесі текст функціонує як основна одиниця спілкування і, обслуговуючи сферу організованого навчання, виконує властиві лише йому функції, а саме інформаційну, розвивально-виховну, трансформаційну дидактичну. Вказано, що лексичний склад наукового тексту, до якого належать окремі види дидактичних текстів, містить загальновживані слова, терміни та слова загальнонаукової комунікації. Особливістю лексичного складу дидактичного тексту є те, що дидактичні терміни мають властивість переходити до групи слів загальної мови і навпаки, що свідчить про незавершеність формування дидактичної терміносистеми, її відкритість до залучення нових терміноодиниць. Підтверджено, що двобічність функціонування дидактичного тексту (як джерело і засіб педагогічного спілкування) свідчить про його універсальність, а відтак створює умови для аналізу особливостей лексичних одиниць у дидактичних текстах під різним кутом зору. Зроблено висновок, що сполучуваність як маркер функціонування спеціальних текстів потребує подальшого дослідження
ТЕОРИЯ КОГНИТИВНЫХ ПРЕЦЕДЕНТОВ
Authors: Заика Владимир
Published: April 2021

Стаття є рецензією монографії польських лінгвістів Олега Лещака і Світлани Лещак, присвяченої аналізукогнітивних прецедентних одиниць соціально-етичного та сакрального характеру, характерних дляідіостилю російського рок-поета Бориса Гребенщикова. Відзначається новаторський теоретичний характер дослідження і ретельність зробленого аналізу матеріалу.
KRYTYCZNE KOMPENDIUM TEONIMII SŁOWIAŃSKIEJ W UJĘCIU FUNKCJONALNYM
Authors: Лещак Олег
Published: April 2021

Artykuł stanowi recenzję nowej monografii polskiego badacza Michała Łuczyńskiego, poświęconej historycznej analizie teonimii słowiańskiej. W artykule została poddana ocenie zaproponowana przez autora monografii metoda funkcjonalnej analizy historycznej.
Desigualdade racial no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro
Authors: Silva Lucas Adriano , Faria Antônio Cláudio Lopes de , Teixeira Evandro Camargos
Published: April 2021

O acesso ao mercado de trabalho apresenta diversas discrepâncias a depender das características dos trabalhadores. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar o efeito da cor/raça na probabilidade dos indivíduos estarem inseridos no mercado de trabalho formal. Como a cor/raça é uma característica sem relação com a produtividade, possíveis diferenças observadas sobre tal probabilidade podem estar relacionadas a discriminação. Para a consecução do estudo, foram estimados modelos de escolha qualitativa Probit, avaliados a partir da curva ROC, sendo posteriormente elaborados diferentes Cenários para homens e mulheres sobre a probabilidade dos mesmos trabalharem formalmente mediante suas características.  A base de dados utilizada correspondeu aos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2015. Os resultados demonstram que existem diferenças no acesso ao mercado de trabalho formal entre indivíduos brancos e não brancos tanto para homens quanto para mulheres. Esses resultados apontam para a necessidade de elaboração de políticas públicas que reduzam as disparidades verificadas a partir da cor/raça dos indivíduos.