bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A General Equilibrium View of Population Ageing Impact on Energy Use via Labor Supply
Authors: Wei Taoyuan , Zhu Qin , Glomsrød Solveig
Published: August 2017

Globally, population ageing is accelerating, i.e., the share of older persons in the population is increasing. The population ageing can have considerable impacts on economic growth, energy use and related carbon emissions, affecting sustainable development. A few studies have analyzed the issue by econometric methods, decomposition and CGE modeling. To facilitate understanding of the simulated results from empirical studies, we developed an analytical general equilibrium model to study the population ageing impact on energy-related emissions, focusing on the long-term potential of economic development by considering the interactions between key productive resources, including labor, capital, and energy. Based on a special case of Cobb–Douglas production function, we show that population ageing can result in considerably less emissions at a lower rate than the ageing in the long term. For example, the reduced global emissions in 2050 can be equivalent to one-recent-year emissions in Japan in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario. We also find that the price elasticity of energy supply is the most important parameter to determine the potential impact of population ageing on energy use and related emissions. In the future, the price elasticity of energy supply may become more inelastic than today due to strict climate policy and increasing extraction cost of fossil fuels. Hence, the ageing impact on emissions may be diminishing over time.
Overheating and Daylighting; Assessment Tool in Early Design of London’s High-Rise Residential Buildings
Authors: Nebia Bachir , Tabet Aoul Kheira
Published: August 2017

High-rise residential buildings in dense cities, such as London, are a common response to housing shortage. The apartments in these buildings may experience different levels of thermal and visual comfort, depending on their orientation and floor level. This paper aims to develop simplified tools to predict internal temperatures and daylighting levels, and propose a tool to quickly assess overheating risk and daylight performance in London’s high-rise residential buildings. Single- and double-sided apartments in a high-rise building were compared, and the impact of their floor level, glazing ratio, thermal mass, ventilation strategy and orientation was investigated. Using Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IES VE), temperature and daylight factor results of each design variable were used to develop early design tools to predict and assess overheating risks and daylighting levels. The results indicate that apartments that are more exposed to solar radiations, through either orientation or floor level, are more susceptible to overheat in the summer while exceeding the daylighting recommendations. Different design strategies at different levels and orientations are subsequently discussed.
The Mouse Papillomavirus Infection Model
Authors: Hu Jiafen , Cladel Nancy , Budgeon Lynn , Balogh Karla , Christensen Neil
Published: August 2017

The mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) was first reported in 2011 and has since become a powerful research tool. Through collective efforts from different groups, significant progress has been made in the understanding of molecular, virological, and immunological mechanisms of MmuPV1 infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. This mouse papillomavirus provides, for the first time, the opportunity to study papillomavirus infections in the context of a small common laboratory animal for which abundant reagents are available and for which many strains exist. The model is a major step forward in the study of papillomavirus disease and pathology. In this review, we summarize studies using MmuPV1 over the past six years and share our perspectives on the value of this unique model system. Specifically, we discuss viral pathogenesis in cutaneous and mucosal tissues as well as in different mouse strains, immune responses to the virus, and local host-restricted factors that may be involved in MmuPV1 infections and associated disease progression.
Long-Term Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Tennessee Valley Authority Reservoir Operations: Norris Dam
Authors: Rungee Joseph , Kim Ungtae
Published: August 2017

Norris Reservoir is the oldest and largest reservoir maintained and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Norris Dam received a new operating guide in 2004; however, this new guide did not consider projected climate change. In an aging infrastructure, the necessity to assess the potential impacts of climate change on water resources planning and management is increasing. This study used a combined monthly hydrologic model and a general circulation model’s (GCM) outcome to project inflows for three future time spans: 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. The current operating guide was then assessed and optimized using penalty-function-driven genetic algorithms to gain insight for how the current guide will respond to climate change, and if it can be further optimized. The results showed that the current operating guide could sufficiently handle the increased projected runoff without major risk of dam failure or inundation, but the optimized operating guides decreased operational penalties ranging from 22 to 37 percent. These findings show that the framework used here provides water resources planning and management a methodology for assessing and optimizing current systems, and emphasizes the need to consider projected climate change as an assessment tool for reservoir operations.
Sound influence on spa park perception in feelings of visitors
Authors: Sztubecka Małgorzata , Mrówczyńska Maria , Bazan-Krzywoszańska Anna , Skiba Marta
Published: August 2017

Noise can have many harmful effects on the recipients, however people exposed to noise on a long-term and regular basis can get used to it, even if the permissible levels are exceeded. In cities, green areas and park systems are provided to create a climate for rest and relaxation. Spa parks are a special kind of such park systems, which – in addition to the above-mentioned features – support therapies offered by spa facilities located there. On the one hand, patients and visitors appreciate various social and entertainment events held there, but – on the other – a multitude of sounds associated with them may reduce the comfort of their stay.
The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the results of noise measurements and the human perception of noise within the impact zone. The examined area is a spa park in the health resort district of Inowrocław, where seasonal measurements (taken in summer and winter) provided a basis for the determination of the connection between the measured values of equivalent sound level and the noise level perceived by surveyed people. A statistical analysis was performed to take into account the correlation between the obtained measurement results and the human perception of noise. It shows some differences in the perception of heard sounds. The results allow an evaluation of the soundscape of the analysed area.
The Study of the Properties of Concrete Containing Waste Powder as a Fine Aggregate
Authors: Dobiszewska Magdalena , Wrzecion Krzysztof
Published: August 2017

Concrete production consumes much energy and large amounts of natural resources. It causes environmental, energy and economic losses. Cement industry contributes to production for about 7% of all CO2 generated in the world. Every ton of cement production releases nearly one ton of CO2 to atmosphere. Thus the concrete and cement industry changes the environment appearance and affects it to a great extent. On the other hand, there is an increase in demand and decrease in natural sources of concrete constituents, like sand. The use of rock dust as the replacement for natural sand will solve the problem of dust disposal. The present study shows the results of the research concerning the modi-fication of concrete with waste dust. It is the waste from the preparation of aggregate used in asphalt mixture production. Concrete modification consists in that the powder waste is added to concrete as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Previous studies have shown that analysed waste has a beneficial effect on compressive strength, flexural strength as well as freeze resistance. The use of mineral powder as the partial substitution of fine aggregate allows for the effective management of industrial waste and improves some properties of concrete.
Sustainable Concretes – Through Reducing the Water Absorptivity
to Improved Durability
Authors: Figmig Róbert , Eštoková Adriana , Smoláková Michaela
Published: August 2017

Water absorptivity (WA) is one of the crucial parameters affecting the penetration of aggressive ions when concrete
material is exposed to an aggressive environment and is closely linked with a depth of penetration of water under pressure into
the concrete. Concrete used for prefabricated elements and structures as cesspits, manholes, pipe lines or parts of the wastewater
treatment plants, has to meet a requirement for maximum water absorptivity of 6.0 wt. % in accordance with national and
international standards. The article deals with a study of concretes’ water absorptivity of the pre-cast products for environmental
purpose, where the exposure class XA (chemical attack) is required. The research is focused on reducing WA by using various
modification of standard mix design (Portland cement, water, fine and coarse aggregate, plasticizer), e.g. by using different
cement types, cementous supplementary additives, admixtures, finest aggregate particles or by reducing water/binder ratio.
The concretes of various mix design modifications were compared with a reference concrete in relation to the standard. The
economical and environmental aspects were also taken into consideration.
Analysis of Carbon Dioxide in Kindergartens in Poland
Authors: Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk Katarzyna , Jachimowicz Sebastian
Published: August 2017

Children in kindergartens spend between five and ten hours a day, the quality of air inside is very important. Kindergartens
are public buildings. Kindergartens in Poland do not have mechanical ventilation, most often use stack ventilation,
which is frequently aided by airing. The three considered buildings were located in eastern Europe. The main objective of the
research was to evaluate the interior conditions, especially with regard to carbon dioxide concentration.
In the afternoon, the permissible level of carbon dioxide concentration was substantially exceeded (by 190% at the most in first
series of measurement).
The present research has resulted in considerable improvement of indoor conditions in the analyzed kindergartens (less than
140% in third series of measurement).
The presence of children and ventilation habits seemed to be the main determinants of IAQ and carbon dioxide.
Theoretical End Experimental Evaluation of Perforations Effect
on Sound Insulation
Authors: Khrystoslavenko Olga , Grubliauskas Raimondas
Published: August 2017

To design a sound-absorbing panel, it is important to identify factors that affect the maximum sound absorption
of low, middle and high frequency sounds. Perforation effect is very important for the noise-reducing and noiseabsorbing
panels. Perforations are often used for sound reduction. Experimental data shows that the perforation is very
effective to absorb low-frequency noise. In the presented study, influence of perforation coefficient of noise reduction
was analyzed with theoretical and experimental methods. The experiments were conducted in noise reduction chamber
using an perforated construction with glass wool filler. Sound reductions index of 15 dB indicates good acoustic properties
of the panel.
Effect of Applied Weather Data Sets on the Computational Assessment of Hygrothermal Performance of Historical Masonry
Authors: Kocí Jan , Cerný Robert
Published: August 2017

Several historical wall assemblies together with several weather data sets are investigated in order to study the effect of environmental load on hygrothermal performance of historical buildings. The effect of weather data is assessed using several damage functions with the emphasis placed on frost induced damage. The climatic data are represented by six different weather data sets, namely by the test reference year, positive and critical weather years, together with the meteorological data measured by the autors during the time period of 2013–2015. Special attention is paid to the recent weather data as there is an apparent trend of average temperature increase in the Central Europe in last few years. The results presented in the paper confirm the warming trend which is manifested by virtually no frost induced damage observed for weather years 2014 and 2015 in the analyzed historical building envelopes.
Experimental Research of Biogas Yield and Quality
Produced from Chicken Manure
Authors: Kolodynskij Vitalij , Baltrėnas Pranas
Published: August 2017

Biogas is a fuel, which can be produced from a renewable energy source – biomass. Such a gas can be freely
used in small farms or food industry to produce heat or electricity. Two main components of biogas – metahne CH4 and
carbon dioxide CO2. In some case, if biomass has a big amount of proteins, there can be an aggressive to different
constructions gas – hydrogen sulphide H2S in biogas composition. Also, there can be other gases, such as ammonia or
hydrogen, but their concentrations are very low. Nowadays it’s extremely important to find a biomass with high energy
potential not only to produce “green” energy, but to save the environment from gaseous emissions (greenhouse gases)
and soil pollution. The aim of this study – to examine biogas yield and quality, which was produced from chicken
manure biomass. To implement research, a small-sized bioreactor of periodic operation (total volume – 30 l, operating
volume – 20 l) was used. One of the important parameters of biomass is total quality of volatile solids (VS) and quantity
of organic matter in one liter of biomass (organic load – VS/l). In this research, there were examined two chicken manure
biomasses with different VS and VS/l. The first one reached relatively 3188 g and 160 g/l. The second’s biomass volatile
solids quantity reached 1993 g and organic load was 100 g/l. Both biomasses were of the same type and organic matter
(chicken manure with 39.85 % concentration of organic matter). During the experimental research, the temperature of
anaerobic digestion was mesophilic (35–37 oC). The operation of bioreactor was periodic, this means, that the biomass
was held in anaerobic condition till the complete degasation without any partial refill. The total experiment duration
reached 66 days. It was found, that the maximum CH4 concentration reached 72.2% (biomass with organic load 100
g/l). To compare biogas yield from biomasses with different organic loading, it must be recalculated to an amount of
biogas produced per day from 1 kg of volatile solids (l/d/kg VS). By implementing gained data analysis, it was discovered,
that the maximum biogas yield is 7.8 l/d/kg VS (biomass with organic load 100 g/l). According to this research, it
will be possible to create and use a small-sized bioreactor with chicken manure biomass in small farms to reduce pollution
and generate energy.
Pervious Concrete as a Sustainable Solution for Pavements in Urban Areas
Authors: Kovác Marek , Sicáková Alena
Published: August 2017

In the last few years, the use of pervious concrete as a pavement material in low-volume road applications (parking lots, residential roads, pedestrian zone or sidewalks) has gained importance due to its positive environmental aspects. Pervious concrete is one of the most promising sustainable material nowadays. It is a mixture of cement, coarse aggregate, water and admixture, while contains no or little amount of fine aggregates. Comparing a conventional concrete pavement, the pervious concrete system is designed to have enhanced amount of interconnected voids allowing water to percolate through the material. Population growth, continuing urbanization and the growth of impervious urban areas lead to specific environmental and societal impacts, especially urban heat island effect, risk of flash flood, worsening quality of water in river courses and so on. Pervious concrete has remarkable potential to counteract these adverse impacts while providing necessary structural integrity, thus supporting continued urbanization. Pervious concrete is currently under serious research and development in many countries because of enhanced interest of its properties. The paper is intended to bring comprehensive information on characterization, environmental benefits, performance issues and utilization possibilities of pervious concrete.
Vertical Distribution of Cottus poecilopus Heckel, 1837 in Streams of
Tatra National Park in Poland
Authors: Kozłowski Krzysztof , Dynowski Piotr , Kozłowski Jacek , Zróbek-Sokolnik Anna , Wolter Konrad , Vilmos Józsa
Published: August 2017

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Cottus poecilopus in the main streams of the Tatra
National Park in Poland. Fishing research was conducted within the summer and in the autumn of 2014 for fourteen
streams. The catches were made with pulse fishing device (IUP-24) wading up stream. During fishing caught fishes
have been characterized and habitat has been characterized by noting the speed of the current, the presence of obstacles
and hiding places for fish, width, type and size of the bottom substrate, the presence of wood and shade. The beginning
and end of each transect was described by the geographic coordinates using a Garmin GPS device. Based on the geographical
coordinates the project was created in GIS (using ArcMap software 9.3.1) and determined the amount of
occurrence of fish above sea level. In the course of fishing three species of fish were found: Cottus poecilopus, Salmo
trutta m. fario and Salvelinus fontinalis. In the studied streams Cottus gobio was not found. The most numerous Cottus
poecilopus were represented, a total of 485 individuals in 12 streams. Stream Chochołowski Potok (1077.3 m above sea
level) was the highest position where the genre occured.
Triple Blending with Superfine Natural Zeolite and Condensed Silica
Fume to Improve Performance of Cement Paste
Authors: Ng P.L. , Chen J.J. , Kwan A.K.H.
Published: August 2017

Superfine natural zeolite (SNZ) is obtained by grinding natural zeolite to micro-fine size, whereas condensed silica
fume (CSF) is by-product of ferrosilicon industry. Both SNZ and CSF are environmentally-friendly supplementary cementitious
materials for mortar and concrete production. Owing to the high fineness and favourable grading of SNZ and CSF (the
median particle sizes were 4 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively), the addition of SNZ and CSF could successively fill the voids
between ordinary Portland cement (OPC) grains and increase the packing density of the binder, so as to reduce the volume of
voids to be filled with water. Therefore, triple blending of OPC+SNZ+CSF can benefit the overall performance of cement
paste by releasing more water for flowability improvement at the same water/binder (W/B) ratio, or adopting a lower W/B
ratio for strength improvement at the same flowability requirement. This study evaluated the effects of adding SNZ and CSF
on the packing density and water film thickness of binder. The experimental results proved that triple blending with SNZ and
CSF could increase the packing density and improve the flowability and cohesiveness of cementitious paste.
Application of Econometric Model for Water Economy Management
Authors: Ramczyk Marek
Published: August 2017

The econometric model can be a precise instrument for the analysis of the impact of the natural environmental
degradation on the fishing economy. This paper aims at analysing the influence of the water quality changes in
Charzykowskie Lake on the fishing economy. The economic-ecological models have been constructed, explaining the
changes of economic effects of the lake fishery in the conditions of an increasing water pollution in the hypolimnion on
the example of the catch of Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna, Coregonus lavaretus, Anguilla anguilla and Esox lucius in
Charzykowskie Lake. Performed empirical research focuses on the influence of the environmental factors on the size of
fish catch. Calculations and analysis show clearly that even though the habitat factors have an influence on the catch
size of each studied fish species, they do it with different intensity and in various combinations. Both, lake water quality
and climate factors changes, cause measurable effects on fishing industry of Charzykowskie Lake. Among the examined
Rutilus rutilus and Blicca bjoerkna, Blicca bjoerkna has the highest high environmental requirements regarding the
water quality. Empirical calculations showed as well that Coregonus lavaretus has considerably higher water cleanness
requirements than Rutilus rutilus and Blicca bjoerkna. While considering Rutilus rutilus and Blicca bjoerkna, most
water characteristics still rather stimulate a development of these species, but when it comes to Coregonus lavaretus, in
general they suppress its development. The model has also proved quite high habitat requirements for Anquilla anquilla
and correctness of the thesis that Esox lucius avoids polluted water. Climatic factors influence is significant for the
endogenous variables. The above prejudges the itineration of Rutilus rutilus, Blicca bjoerkna, Coregonus lavaretus,
Anquilla anquilla and Esox lucius catch in Charzykowskie Lake. The results of the modelling can be used in managing
the fishing economy of the lake.
Assessment of heavy metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) and
genotoxicity response induced by metal mixture in Salmo salar tissues
Authors: Sauliutė Gintarė , Stankevičiūtė Milda , Svecevičius Gintaras , Baršienė Janina , Valskienė Roberta
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate metals bioconcentration factor (BCF) in gills, liver, kidneys and muscle
in relation with genotoxicity effects of metal mixture in peripheral blood, kidneys, gills and liver erythrocytes of the
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish were exposed to maximum-permissible waterborne concentrations of Zn – 0.1, Cu –
0.01, Ni – 0.01, Cr – 0.01, Pb – 0.005 and Cd – 0.005 mg/L, respectively for 7 and 14 days. Genotoxicity was studied
using the micronucleus test. In addition, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) were analysed. Our study indicates
that metal BCF in Atlantic salmon is tissue-dependent. Based on the BCF classification scale, the relatively low values
of metals bioconcentration were assessed, except for Zn (gills) and Cu (liver) (359.6 and 594.0, respectively). Zn intensively
concentrated in fish tissues, while Pb – least of all. Overall, metals were concentrated mostly in the liver, least –
in the muscle. Significant differences among BCF values of Pb in gills and muscle and Cd in gills were measured
between 7 and 14 d exposure groups. Treatment with metal mixture significantly increased micronucleus frequencies
after 7 d of exposure in liver and peripheral blood erythrocytes. Significant genotoxicity response was not observed after
14 d treatment. The erythrocytic nuclei abnormalities determined in S. salar blood were nuclear bud on filament (NBf),
nuclear bud (NB), blebbed (BL), kidney shaped, vacuolated (VacNuc), 8-shaped nuclei and fragmented-apoptotic (FA)
erythrocytes. Significant elevation in total ENAs level was detected in kidneys and liver erythrocytes after 7 d treatment,
while after 14 d – in gills and kidneys erythrocytes. No significant differences among analysed responses were measured
between 7 and 14 d exposure groups, except total ENAs level in liver erythrocytes.
Developing Novel Photocatalytic Cementitious Permeable Pavements for Depollution of Contaminants and Impurities in Urban Cities
Authors: Tota-Maharaj Kiran , Coleman Nichola
Published: August 2017

Photocatalyst such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) has been recently introduced as a nanoparticle into cementitious permeable pavements. Combining photocatalytic compounds within concrete permeable pavements can aid with depollution of several contaminants found in urban water streams and air impurities. This paper presents research carried out at the University of Greenwich, UK using photocatalytic concrete with varying percentages of TiO2 (0 %, 1% and 5%) to assess the levels depollution which can be achieved. Concrete samples were testing against the degradation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, a harmful chemical found in herbicides. This advanced oxidation process can aid in the reduction of urban pollution from an air and water perspective, improving sustainability for urban cities. Self-cleaning benefits of photocatalytic concrete permeable pavements can be used to keep urban infrastructure cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing. Experimental tests were carried out on the characterisation of inorganics through X-Ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to ensure that the structures of the concrete samples were not altered by addition of the nanoparticles (photocatalyst). Experimental results were compared to that found in previous literature and confirmed that the addition of 5% TiO2 did not affect the structure of the concrete samples and can be a viable option used in urban infrastructure such as permeable pavements.
Zero Waste MSW Management Challenges in Klaipėda District
Authors: Tumaševičiūtė Rasa , Zigmontienė Aušra
Published: August 2017

Production volumes are increasing by growing economy and consumption processes. Industry and other economic
activities generate municipal solid waste stream. With growth of the industry, economy and pace of consumption major
key is to avoid municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The majority of developing countries are seeking to alter the prevailing
waste management practices and to adapt the concept of Zero Waste society. This study aims to provide guidance in
Klaipėda district and gives an opportunity to become the first district in Lithuania, which provides an objective assessment of
the public municipal waste management service area and identifies the real situation of the municipal waste management sector.
This paper develops that the path towards Zero Waste society is essential for the approximation of the different waste treatment
technologies. To achieve this objective is a difficult task because the solution requires a holistic approach to waste generation,
collection, processing and disposal. The main conclusions of the study offers a major challenges faced by Klaipėda district
of limited data quantifying and characterizing waste generation patterns also suggesting that “way to Zero Waste” society
require renewed governmental leadership as well as founding of effective national regulatory framework to reduce
waste generation or conserve resources.
The Deficient Harvesting Rainwater System in Kuala Lumpur and the Human-made Water Pollution Conditions
Authors: Bonasif Jorge
Published: August 2017

Rainwater harvesting is a method to collect water from rain, in forms such as direct from the roof, tanks deposits, ponds or artificial lakes. In the city of Kuala Lumpur (1.7 million inhabitants) the process has in consideration flash flood, river pollution, soil erosion. With an annual rainfall of 2486 mm, and build-up area reaching 1663.23 km2 in 2014 while forest area has suffered reductions of 8.3% in 2014.
The paper examines the conditions that exert pressure in the infrastructure of Kuala Lumpur whose center has experienced an increase in the number of violent flooding yet at the same time prevent an effective harvesting of stormwater.
The primary methodology used is consultation of the available literature, journals, published reports, interview with experts and survey at impacted neighbourhoods. A secondary source of information is the observation in situ with a sample case, to help to support the validation of the conclusions.
The deficiency in the control of the flooding system in a negative correlation to the city’s development. This fact is related to the insufficient drainage system, narrowed stretches in rivers, low prices of water, and the lack of an adequate incentive policies and low volume of information to the population.
Research on Fluoride Removal from Membranes Rejected Water
Authors: Boussouga Youssef-Amine , Valentukeviciene Marina , Zurauskiene Ramune
Published: August 2017

The excess of fluoride in water intended for human consumption can cause some problems in health of consumers from concentrations over than 1.5 mg/L. A detailed study has been carried out for the removal of fluoride from concentrated rejected water overcoming the drawback of membrane processes by using sorption techniques. Opoka mineral which is a natural sorbent and polonite have been chosen and valorized in this present work as fluoride sorbents for rejected water by membranes of the water treatment plant. These sorbents have been selected in order to reduce the treatment cost and to meet the standards of rejected water especially in term of fluoride. Opoka sorbent and polonite have shown effective results for fluoride removal from rejected water with efficiency over than 77%. In order to understand the sorption phenomenon and to validate the results with sorbents, we have applied experimental data on Freundlich Isotherm and SEM microscopic technique.
Preliminary Investigation of Primary Sludge Hydrolysis
Authors: Dauknys Regimantas , Mažeikienė Aušra , Haluza Anna , Halauniou Illia , Yushchenko Victor
Published: August 2017

One of reasons of non-effective biological nutrient removal from wastewater is lack of readily biodegradable organic matter. This problem could be solved by application of sludge hydrolysis process. The conditions for hydrolysis of primary sludge could be created performing the recirculation of the primary sludge and ensuring the required sludge retention time. In the period of preliminary investigation, the following conditions were created in the primary sedimen-tation tank of Vitebsk WWTP: average sludge recirculation was 4.8 % of the inlet flowrate to the sedimentation tank and average SRT was 5 days. Obtained results showed that hydrolysis process allowed improving the ratio between organic matter and nutrients in wastewater.
Modelling of Combined Sewer Overflow Impacts on the Receiving Water Quality: Case Studies Hron and Drava
Authors: Sokáč Marek , Jerković Marta
Published: August 2017

Paper analyses the influences of combined sewer overflows (CSO’s), on the receiving water quality, but generally deals also with various types of storm water management in urban areas. The first case study analyses the impacts of the continuous (wastewater treatment plant in the town Osijek) and discontinuous pollution sources (CSO’s in the town Osijek) on the quality of the receiving water – the Drava river (Croatia). The second modelling case study was performed on the river Hron (Slovak republic). In this study, the impacts on the water quality from combined sewer overflows form the biggest town on Hron River – Banská Bystrica were studied, as well as four feasible alternatives of storm sewer management (different mixing ratio, different size of storm tanks) were analysed. For both case studies, the mathematical simulation model MIKE11 (Danish Hydraulic Institute, DHI) was used.
Ohmic Dissipation in Mini-Neptunes
Authors: Pu Bonan , Valencia Diana
Published: August 2017

In the presence of a magnetic field and weakly ionizing winds, ohmic dissipation is expected to take place in the envelopes of Jovian and lower-mass planets alike. While the process has been investigated on the former, there have been no studies done on mini-Neptunes so far. From structure and thermal evolution models, we determine that the required energy deposition for halting the contraction of mini-Neptunes increases with planetary mass and envelope fraction. Scaled to the insolation power, the ohmic heating needed is small:

∼

10

−
5

orders of magnitude lower than for exo-Jupiters

∼

10

−
2

. Conversely, from solving the magnetic induction equation, we find that ohmic energy is dissipated more readily for lower-mass planets and those with larger envelope fractions. Combining these two trends, we find that ohmic dissipation in hot mini-Neptunes is strong enough to inflate their radii (

∼

10

15

W for

T

eq

=
1400

K

). The implication is that the radii of hot mini-Neptunes may be attributed in part to ohmic heating. Thus, there is a trade-off between ohmic dissipation and H/He content for hot mini-Neptunes, adding a new degeneracy for the interpretation of the composition of such planets. In addition, ohmic dissipation would make mini-Neptunes more vulnerable to atmospheric evaporation.
What Distinguishes the Host Galaxies of Radio-loud and Radio-quiet AGNs?
Authors: Kozieł-Wierzbowska D. , Asari N. Vale , Stasińska G. , Sikora M. , Goettems E. I. , Wójtowicz A.
Published: August 2017

We compare the optical properties of the host galaxies of radio-quiet (RQ) and radio-loud (RL) Type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to infer whether the jet production efficiency depends on the host properties or is determined just by intrinsic properties of the accretion flows. We carefully select galaxies from SDSS, FIRST, and NVSS catalogs. We confirm previous findings that the fraction of RL AGNs depends on the black-hole (BH) masses, and on the Eddington ratio. The comparison of the nature of the hosts of RL and RQ AGNs, therefore, requires pair-matching techniques. Matching in BH mass and Eddington ratio allows us to study the differences between galaxies hosting RL and RQ AGNs that have the same basic accretion parameters. We show that these two samples differ predominantly in the host-galaxy concentration index, morphological type (in the RL sample the frequency of elliptical galaxies becoming larger with increasing radio loudness), and nebular extinction (galaxies with highest radio loudness showing only low nebular extinction). Contrary to some previous studies, we find no significant difference between our radio-loud and radio-quiet samples regarding merger/interaction features.
Patriarchy and (Un)Doing Factory of Women's Collective Identity in Sri Lanka's Localised Global Apparel Industry
Authors: Jayawardena Dhammika
Published: August 2017

Systemic manifestations of women's subordination, such as the glass ceiling, are still a reality in organisations. Yet, the glass ceiling effect in the Global South is often conceptualised vis-à-vis (white) women's experience in ‘gendered organisations' and women's domestic role in the Southern societies. In this context, this chapter, based on a fieldwork research conducted in Sri Lanka's apparel industry, critically examines the glass ceiling effect of glass ceiling on women's career advancement in the Global South. Alongside the notion of ‘universal' patriarchy, it problematises the ‘universal' structure of the glass ceiling. And it shows that (un)doing factory women's collective identity—as lamai (little ones)—and the glass ceiling intermingle in the process of women's subordination in the apparel industry. The chapter concludes that, in the apparel industry, the role of managerial women —as well as of men in (un)doing factory women's collective identity—is crucial in keeping the glass ceiling in place.
Gender, Organization, and Change in Sudan
Authors: Abdel-Hameid Shahira O. , Wilson Elisabeth
Published: August 2017

The position of women and role of gender in Sudan has been researched from anthropological, sociological and economic traditions. This study will review the position of Sudanese women within the formal employment sector, setting this within the specific political, economic and social context of the country. In addition, it will examine women in political and voluntary settings, as these are also important decision making arenas. There has been little published material previously on this topic. The study draws on secondary data from unpublished studies and master's dissertations, and also grey material available in Sudan. In addition, semi-structured interviewing of a purposive sample of selected informants was used. The data were analysed thematically. The findings were that many behavioural patterns seen elsewhere were evident in Sudan, such as stereotyping and discrimination. However, educated Sudanese women sought equality within a man's world, unlike the equal but different gender roles found by Metcalfe (2007) in parts of the Middle East.
Women's Commuting Environment in Public Buses in Dhaka City
Authors: Das Arunima Kishore
Published: August 2017

The constitution of Bangladesh aims to ensure a discrimination free world guaranteeing women equal access to political and public life. The ratification of CEDAW, adaptation of both MDG and SDG by the government also promote this goal. Dhaka requires an efficient transportation system to ensure the freedom of mobility for all. However, the public buses of Dhaka are insecure, unreliable, congested and unsafe. As a result, the women and children suffer the most while boarding a bus. They have to face both physical and emotional pain. This consequently restricts women's mobility rights. As men are responsible for creating a gender insensitive commuting environment inside public buses, their perceptions on the fact is to be explored. This chapter with the help of the researcher' research data (for Masters' thesis) from 2015-2016, highlights on men's perceptions of commuting environment women experience in public buses in Dhaka city. How these perceptions are shaped as an outcome of hegemonic masculinity is also analysed in this chapter using Connell's theory of hegemonic masculinity.
Structuring the “Expected”
Authors: Khuntia Devanjan
Published: August 2017

This paper based on empirical research attempts to deal with the question of media imagination and the marginalization of women migrants in Indian Megapolis. Foregrounding on the emerging social fact regarding the urban settings catering to one-third of country's population as migrants of which more than two-thirds are women categorically from non-urban rural areas. Further, in the backdrop of the internet and the new media penetration of rural population by half of total usage in India by 2020, the functions of the mediated imageries of the sexes need to be re-examined within the rural-urban continuum for a better clarity of media-gender relationship. The popular media imageries many of which disseminate unrealistic, stereotypical, and restrictive perceptions resulting in portrayal of women in stereotypical ways contradicts the general perception of non-urban women-emancipation through consumption of media texts which is highly urban centric. Such contestation of media effects raises a need to investigate how women migrant to the urban setting consider, analyse, internalize and utilize such portrayal of themselves in the media thus reflecting the actual consumption pattern of media texts and gender roles fixations. This paper particularly looks at an unexplored area of new media consumption within the non-urban migrants to Indian metropolis. It is an attempt to locate affordable alternative communication technology to understand the renewed social interactions of women migrants via virtual social networks in urban centres and how it infers and shape their social identity formation.
Towards a More Gender-Inclusive Climate Change Policy
Authors: Kabir Farah
Published: August 2017

Climate change is a reality, and poses a serious long term threat to society and to the environment. Much has been written on the negative effects of climate change across the globe focusing on the greater vulnerability of least developed countries and developing countries. Numerous studies back up the argument that “countries that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change tend to be poorer with a wider gender gap. In contrast, countries that rank high in environmental performance and gender equality, are among the richest nations of the world” (Samy, 2011, p. 100). Women are often denied of their basic rights due to discriminatory social practices and gender blind policies. Impacts of climate change affect life and livelihood of women, and diverse work responsibilities of women augment their exposure to climate hazards. Due to less access or rights to financial and productive resources, information and services that may help them cope with impacts of stresses and shocks, are not present as a result of the gaps in policies, development agendas, thus leaving women in a greater vulnerable condition. Primarily, these are the reasons slowing the progress on achieving overall gender equality. The objective of this paper is to look at the Post 2015 Arrangements. These are numerous international frameworks and agreements ie SFDRR, SDG and the Paris Agreement, that will determine sustainable development for humanitarian response and climate politics as well as policies for the next fifteen years. They focus on development from a climate change and gender equality point of view, in particular how the policies are enabling ‘gender equality', taking common but differentiated responsibilities, and equity, justice and fairness as principles.
Development Interventions and Masculinity in Transition
Authors: Safa Noorie
Published: August 2017

Intent of the study was to trace the shifts in masculinities among three generation's indigenous Marma men due to their increased affiliation with development interventions and its impact on gender relationship in Marma community. Following qualitative methodology, total 28 in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions were carried out at Bandarban Sadar, Tigerpara and Balaghata areas. Study covered 70 Marma men of three different generations, where age ranged from 13 to 60 years above. It reflected that to keep pace with modernization or to fill up increased gap with Bengali settlers, indigenous men are moving from primitive non hegemonic order to hegemonic order as existing situation is forcing them to grow up with competitive mind for survival purpose. Gigantic gap among men of three generations, in terms of their perception on what it ought to be a ‘real man' signifies how stereotypical gender norms, values, practices are getting engrossed in indigenous Marma communities which is putting serious impact in gender relationships by leaving indigenous women in vulnerable state.
Technology Intelligence Systems in Industry and Academic Networks
Authors: De Coster Rebecca , Phillips Scott
Published: August 2017

High technology firms are under many competitive pressures, which necessitates ongoing innovation and new product development. In this chapter, the early stages of the innovation process, where it is unclear which technologies have the potential to prevail and take hold in a sector, are examined. Technology intelligence systems, which support innovation in two contexts, are assessed; firstly, industry networks which are under pressure to produce successive innovations on a commercial basis, and secondly, academic networks which address innovation on a less commercial basis. This chapter outlines three different technology intelligence systems based on industry and academic networks and describes the implications in terms of technology management. The first system is based around industry based R&D centres, the second around trade associations, and the third around academic centres.
Let It Go
Authors: Friesem Yonty , Jennings Brien J. , Prest Carol
Published: August 2017

This case study introduces a two-year process in which a fourth grade teacher working with a library media specialist experienced a successful integration of digital and media literacy practices. During that time the fourth grade teacher adopted a less protectionist approach by having her students explore different multimedia production projects to enhance their learning in social studies. This book chapter introduces the process of both the fourth grade teacher as she explored new instructional strategies to incorporate media production and the Common Core State Standards and the library media specialist as a support team member. The standards index and its media production application can help educators integrate media production into their classrooms. This case study can help promote media production activities as they foster 21st century skills in elementary students.
Beyond Babel
Authors: Fantin Monica
Published: August 2017

This article highlights the importance of the concepts of media literacy, and digital and informational literacy to understand the multimodal meaning of multiliteracies and their interfaces. An analogy with Babel is used to understand the different ways in which this concept articulates the linguistic, visual, audio, spatial, and gestural dimensions in digital culture. In this framework, the question of convergence is highlighted in learning experiences undertaken in formal and informal contexts. To qualify the meaning of this learning for the subject, the article mentions the concept of personal literacy to locate the importance of subjectivity in the interactions that the multiliteracies offer. Finally, in an exercise of representation of the components of the multiliteracies, the article presents a diagram that highlights the importance of mediation and the forms of appropriation that express concepts and experiences in search of a transformative pedagogical practice, as an opportunity to understand the multiliteracies as a condition of dialog, expression and participation in the culture.
Exploring How Women Entrepreneurs Use Technology for Idea Generation
Authors: Ndinguri Erastus , Machtmes Krisanna , Machtmes Ryan J. , Hill Jessica
Published: August 2017

The study explores the relationship between the extent of use and access to emerging technology in business by women entrepreneurs and the different characteristics that may trigger generation of business ideas. The study was conducted through use of an interpretive scale of how women entrepreneurs use emerging technology. Several research questions were answered, including: “Do demographic characteristics play a role in knowing and using emerging technology?”; “Are there differences between the extent of use of emerging technologies and different entrepreneur women characteristics?” and “Is there a possible predictive model of idea generation and business formation, as measured by use of technology overall item mean score?”
Three Instructional Models to Integrate Technology and Build 21st Century Literacy Skills
Authors: Bledsoe Christie , Pilgrim Jodi
Published: August 2017

Does using technology as a supplemental resource in today's classroom sufficiently complement current practices or can technology form an integral component of instruction and learning? Traditionally, the American education system consisted of classroom learning with the teacher as the primary source of content delivery and textbooks as the chief resource. Presently, technology influences instruction, and its impact will only increase. Many students have constant access to technology via the Internet at home and mobile devices. Therefore, today's learners must develop information literacy and media literacy skills to communicate by way of 21st Century tools. Whereas the availability of technology in the classroom varies among states and districts, instructional strategies, such as problem-based learning, can frame technology as an integral component of education. This chapter will focus on project-based learning, problem-based learning, and challenge-based learning as pedagogies that readily integrate technology to promote new literacies.