bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman and infrared spectra of complex low energy tetrahedral carbon allotropes from first-principles calculations*
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Ze-Yu , Cai Xiao-Wu , Liu Zi-Han , Zhang Yong-Xiang , Lv Zhen-Long , Ju Wei-Wei , Liu Hui-Hui , Li Tong-Wei , Liu Gang , Li Hai-Sheng , Yan Hai-Tao , Feng Min
Published: June 2020

Up to now, at least 806 carbon allotropes have been proposed theoretically. Three interesting carbon allotropes (named Pbam-32, P6/mmm, and

I

4
¯

3
d

) were recently uncovered based on a random sampling strategy combined with space group and graph theory. The calculation results show that they are superhard and remarkably stable compared with previously proposed metastable phases. This indicates that they are likely to be synthesized in experiment. We use the factor group analysis method to analyze their Γ -point vibrational modes. Owing to their large number of atoms in primitive unit cells (32 atoms in Pbam-32, 36 atoms in P6/mmm, and 94 atoms in

I

4
¯

3
d

), they have many Raman- and infrared-active modes. There are 48 Raman-active modes and 37 infrared-active modes in Pbam-32, 24 Raman-active modes and 14 infrared-active modes in P6/mmm, and 34 Raman-active modes and 35 Raman- and infrared-active modes in

I

4
¯

3
d

. Their calculated Raman spectra can be divided into middle frequency range from 600 cm−1 to 1150 cm−1 and high frequency range above 1150 cm−1. Their largest infrared intensities are 0.82, 0.77, and 0.70 (D/Å)2/amu for Pbam, P6/mmm, and

I

4
¯

3
d

, respectively. Our calculated results provide an insight into the lattice vibrational spectra of these sp3 carbon allotropes and suggest that the middle frequency Raman shift and infrared spectrum may play a key role in identifying newly proposed carbon allotropes.
Analysis of stress-induced inhomogeneous electroluminescence in GaN-based green LEDs grown on mesh-patterned Si (111) substrates with n-type AlGaN layer*
Authors: Lv Quan-Jiang , Zhang Yi-Hong , Zheng Chang-Da , Gao Jiang-Dong , Zhang Jian-Li , Liu Jun-Lin
Published: June 2020

Inhomogeneous electroluminescence (EL) of InGaN green LEDs grown on mesh-patterned Si (111) substrate had been investigated. Sample with n-AlGaN inserted between the pre-strained layers and the first quantum well showed the inhomogeneous EL in the low current density range. Near-field EL emission intensity distribution images depicted that inhomogeneity in the form of premature turn-on at the periphery of the LED chip, results in stronger emission intensity at the edges. This premature turn-on effect significantly reduces the luminous efficacy and higher ideality factor value due to locally current crowding effect. Raman measurement and fluorescence microscopy results indicated that the partially relaxed in-plane stress at the edge of the window region acts as a parasitic diode with a smaller energy band gap, which is a source of edge emission. Numerical simulations showd that the tilted triangular n-AlGaN functions like a forward-biased Schottky diode, which not only impedes carrier transport, but also contributes a certain ideality factor.
Theoretical studies on alloying of germanene supported on Al (111) substrate*
Authors: Chen Qian-Xing , Yang Hao , Chen Gang
Published: June 2020

Using density functional theory, we study the alloying of the buckled hexagonal germanene superlattice supported on Al (111)-(3 × 3), the sheet composed of triangular, rhombic, and pentagonal motifs on Al (111)-(3 × 3), and the buckled geometry on Al (111)-(

7

×

7

)(19°), which are denoted, respectively, by BHS, TRP, and SRT7, to facilitate the discussion in this paper. They could be alloyed in the low doping concentration range. The stable configurations BHS, TRP, and SRT7 of the pure and alloyed germanenes supported on both Al (111) and its Al2Ge surface alloy, except the SRT7 pure germanene on Al2Ge, could re-produce the experimental scanning tunneling microscopy images. The relatively stable Al–Ge alloy species are the Al3Ge5 BHS-2T, Al3Ge5 TRP-2T, and Al3Ge3 SRT7-1T on Al (111) while they are the Al4Ge4 BHS-1T, Al3Ge5 TRP-2T, and Al27Ge27 SRT7-(3 × 3)-9T on Al2Ge (the n in the nT means that there are n Ge atoms per unit which sit at the top sites and protrude upward). In addition, the Al3Ge5 BHS-2T and Al4Ge4 BHS-1T are the most stable alloy sheets on Al (111) and Al2Ge, respectively. Comparing with the experimental studies, there exists no structural transition among these alloyed configurations, which suggests that the experimental conditions play a crucial role in selectively growing the pure or the alloyed germanene sheets, which may also help grow the one-atomic thick honeycomb structure on idea Al (111).
Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) to Detect Abnormalities in Lung Pediatric Radiography using Particle Swarm Optimization Method
Authors: Yuliansyah M L E , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S
Published: June 2020

The diagnosis of lung organ requires accurate analysis and interpretation. Abnormal parts such as nodules are sometimes covered by other complex lung tissue that is normal tissue. Therefore innovation is needed in analyzing and classifying normal tissue and the nodule. This study developed a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for radiographic of pediatric lung using segmentation Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to detect the abnormality in lung image. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based segmentation method is combined with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method and Wiener filter to refine the lung region and search for abnormalities, especially for pneumonia and tuberculosis, based on the value of the image pixel. The performance evaluation of this CAD was done by calculating the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) using 136 images and compared with the reference from doctor evaluation. The overall error of this method is 11.43% or has an accuracy value of 88.57%, while its sensitivity is 90.00%, specificity is 85.00%, and precision is 93.75%. This method has a good success rate in detecting abnormal lung image. However, this segmentation method cannot detect abnormalities located on the edge of the lung, caused by the superposition of the rib image.
Monte Carlo Study of Nuclear Fragmentation in Water Irradiated with Protons and 12C Ions for Particle Therapy Applications
Authors: Convicto V , Pamisa D R , Lintasan A , Quiñones C T
Published: June 2020

In this study, the nuclear fragmentation of the secondary particles produced when water is irradiated with protons and carbons were investigated. Proton beams with varying incident energies of 100 MeV, 130 MeV, 150 MeV and 160 MeV were used with corresponding 12C ion beams of about 187.50 MeV/u, 241.67 MeV/u, 285.42 MeV/u and 308.33 MeV/u respectively. The kinetic energy distribution and energy deposition of primary and secondary particles were studied via Monte Carlo simulation with the aid of GATE v.8.0 via GEANT4 simulation toolkit version 10.3.2 with 1 x 106 incident beams. The physics list used was QGSP_BIC (Quark Gluon String Pre-compound Binary Cascade). When the primary 12C ion and proton beams interact with water, secondary light-charged and heavy-charged particles are produced with atomic number Z > 2 are produced. In general, it was shown that the incident 12C ions are less scattered as they traverse mater compared to the incident protons. Thus, the energy deposition of 12C ions is well-defined and is better in terms of conformation.
Investigating the impact of collimator size variation on the single beam radiation of Gamma Knife PerfexionTM based on Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Junios  , Irhas  , Novitrian  , Soediatmoko E , Haryanto F , Su’ud Z , Fielding A.L.
Published: June 2020

The Gamma Knife PerfexionTM (Elekta Oncology Systems) is a specialized stereotactic radiotherapy device that uses 192 Cobalt-60 radioactive sources. A dynamic collimator system enables three circular field sizes of 4 mm, 8 mm, and 16 mm diameter to be delivered. This study investigates the dosimetric characteristics of the three different sized collimated beams using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The MC simulation made use of previously calculated phase space from a Monte-Carlo model of the encapsulated Cobalt-60 sources. The collimators were modelled using the FLATFILT component module of the BEAMnrc user code. The output of the single beam radiation was stored in a circular scoring plane with a radius of 1.4 cm at source surface distance (SSD) 17.20 cm in the phase space file. The simulation parameters were used 2.1 x 109 particles, electron cut off energy (ECUT) of 0.7 MeV, and photon cut off energy (PCUT) of 0.01 MeV. To investigate the physical full width at half maximum (FWHM) and penumbra width (80-20%), the single beam profiles and mean energy were obtained using BEAMnrc/BEAMDP code. Based on the results that there was an increase of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) with the size of the collimator on the beam profile and the mean energy. The FHWM of the energy fluence profile for the collimator 4, 8, and 16 mm are 2.22, 3.90, and 7.80 mm, respectively. The FHWM of the fluence profile for the collimator sizes 4, 8, and 16 mm are 1.87, 3.87, and 7.80 mm. The FHWM of mean energy as a function of position for the collimator sizes 4, 8, and 16 mm are 2.56, 4.20, and 7.94 mm, respectively. The maximum mean energy for the collimators decreases as much as 0.0185 MeV.
Dosimetry for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Technique Using Ion Chamber Matrix (MatriXX-FFF) with Back Projection Method (Usual 6MV and 10MV)
Authors: Widodo P , Pawiro S A , Susila I P
Published: June 2020

Dose verification needs to be carried out on pre-treatment to get dose characteristics when using Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) technique. One of the dosimetry tools is 2D-array of the ionization chamber detectors which gives the measurement result in real-time, and does not require periodic calibration. However, this dosimetry tool has limited spatial resolution, it depends on the size and shape of the detector, and its result is affected by secondary electron transport from the detector wall to detector volume. These factors may lead to low verification result (gamma parameter). One technique to overcome these problems is using back-projection method. In this study, the kernel function was obtained from a square field of 4 cm by deconvolution from the comparison of MatriXX-FFF and TPS. The obtained kernel was then applied using convolution with variations of a square field, no-Build-Up and Build-Up condition, and IMRT parameter. The analysis of the gamma parameter was used to analyse the effectiveness of this method. The analysis results showed the increasing of passing grade value for all fields (0 % - 15.9 %, μ = 4.84%, σ = 4.81 %), with the highest was on some square fields, such as 4 cm and 5 cm. This indicated the dependence of kernel function to the size of the field. Moreover, the result of applying IMRT to certain case led to the increase of passing grade values.
Evaluation of Dosimetric Characterization of Homemade Bolus for Radiation Therapy
Authors: Carina C C C , Sekartaji G , Aisyah S , Nazara T , Nainggolan A , Endarko
Published: June 2020

The bolus is also known a tissue compensation that has material similar to body tissue and placed directly onto the skin surface for radiation therapy. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the synthesized homemade bolus using Natural Rubber, Paraffin Candle, Play-Doh, and Paraffin Wax Pure for radiation therapy using a photon beam. Several dosimetry properties of the synthesized of the bolus, including relative electron density (RED), transmission factor, attenuation coefficient, and percentage of surface dose (PSD), were investigated. All the synthesized bolus made with the same dimension of 11×11 cm2 with the thickness is 1 cm. CT-Scan was used to measure relative electron density (RED) where as LINAC 2300iX with energies 6 and 10 MV were used to evaluate percentage of surface dose. The RED value of all bolus material is in accordance with the provisions of bolus as a tissue compensation of the human body, which is almost the same as the value of HU in breast organs, skin, fat and adult bones. Large transmission factors and attenuation coefficients of each bolus correspond to bolus from paraffin candles as the default bolus of the hospital. The maximum bolus dose value increases when compared to measurements without bolus.
The Impact of Corrected-MVCT Images to Dose Distribution on Adaptive Tomotherapy: Hepatocellular Carcinoma Case
Authors: Rosalina F , Nasution N , Wibowo W E , Pawiro S A
Published: June 2020

Position verification before the treatment is performed to ensure the actual position to the planning position, so the dose distribution received by the tumor target would be in accordance with the planned dose. In Helical Tomotherapy (HT) treatment, the image of Megavoltage CT (MVCT) could be used to verify the patient’s position by registering the image to Kilovoltage CT (KVCT) image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparison from the dose distribution resulted from MVCT and KVCT image registration with and without automatic position correction at high doses. The correction in MVCT image registration to KVCT image was performed with adjustment in four HT degrees of freedom (lateral, longitudinal, vertical and rotational direction). Nine MVCT patient images with Hepatocellular Carcinoma were used with high doses therapy in 4-10 fractions using HT at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Evaluation of the dose distribution in the verification variation (the corrected and uncorrected position) was analyzed with Homogeneity Index (HI), Conformity Index (CI) and Organ at Risk. The results show that HI ranges from 0.06 to 0.3, while CI varies from 0.7 to 1. Based on these results, the position correction may less contribute to the dose distribution to the tumor target.
Kinetic energy of secondary fragments of 12C at varying incident energies in different biological media – A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Lintasan A , Convicto V , Pamisa D R , Quiñones C T
Published: June 2020

This is a Monte Carlo study in GATE V8.0 investigating the nuclear fragmentation when 12C beams were incident at varying energies on different biological media. The researchers used one million monoenergetic pencil beam primary carbons irradiated to water, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and cortical bone phantoms. The target was a box with dimensions of 20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm to approximate the size of a human head. The energy was varied at 186.7 MeV/u, 241.7 MeV/u and 308.3 MeV/u. We obtained the number of the secondary particles produced in the fragmentation. We then chose the ten most abundant fragments and determined their kinetic energy distributions. 12C was most abundant in the fragmentation followed by proton. Either 3He or 11B had the least entries. The kinetic energy was inversely proportional to particles atomic number. In most cases proton and deuteron had the largest kinetic energy. The number of secondary particles increased with increasing incident energy. The kinetic energy had maximum increase at the stopping range, whose depth varied directly with incident energy and inversely with density of each material. The results were in agreement with the Bethe-Bloch formula.
Primary activity standardization of 177Lu for calibrating commercial dose calibrator
Authors: Agusbudiman Agung , Rahmah Hidayati Nur , Ramli Martalena , Holnisar
Published: June 2020

Primary activity standardization of 177Lu has been conducted at the Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology-National Nuclear Energy Agency (PTKMR-BATAN) to establish a national reference standard for 177Lu measurements. The standardization was performed using a 47i(3(LS)-y coincidence counting system with digital coincidence counting (DCC) technique. The activity standardization of 177Lu gave a result of 148 kBq/g + 1.78 kBq/g at a reference time with uncertainty value evaluated at k = 2. The result was then used to establish a secondary standard by calibrating the reference ionization chamber using the ‘dialing-in’ method. A dial setting value of 024 was obtained on the standard reference IC. The new dial setting will be used in the routine calibration services of commercial dose calibrator to ensure all measurements of 177Lu are traceable to the national standards.
Effect of Computed Tomography Slice Thickness on Calculated Coronary Artery Calcium Score in the Assessment of Possible Radiation Induced Cardiac Toxicity
Authors: Alexander C. , Rajapakshe R.
Published: June 2020

Studies have suggested that the occurrence of radiation induced cardiac toxicity in breast cancer patients is significantly higher in women with pre-existing cardiac risk factors. Therefore, it is important to quantify the relationship between radiation induced cardiac toxicity and a measurable level of pre-existing cardiac risk such as the patient’s coronary artery calcium Agatston score. To assess the extent of coronary artery calcium present in the walls of patients’ coronary arteries before they received treatment, Agatston scores may be calculated using thoracic CT scans acquired for external beam radiotherapy planning. However, these planning CT scans can vary in slice thickness and resolution, thus complicating the calculation of calcium scores using scans with slice thicknesses other than the 3mm routinely employed for traditional Agatston scoring. The objective of this project is to quantify the effect of varying CT scan slice thickness in the calculation of coronary artery calcium scores so that a method of standardization might be developed. This is accomplished through the design, fabrication, and scanning of an anthropomorphic phantom featuring calcium inserts of varying sizes. Analysis of how the scores change with increasing slice thickness is used to construct a simple linear scaling method of standardization which corrects for varying slice thickness and the resulting partial volume distortions. A linear scaling method was successfully validated for the calculation of coronary artery calcium Agatston scores across a range of slice thicknesses increasing from 0.625 mm to 5 mm. Scaling is applied by multiplying the score by the slice thickness and dividing by 3 mm. This method is potentially applicable in any clinical or research endeavour which calls for retroactive cardiac calcium quantification. With a simple linear scaling method, external beam radiation therapy planning CT scans with slice thicknesses ranging from 0.625 mm to 5 mm can be used to calculate coronary artery calcium Agatston scores and thereby measure a patient’s level of cardiac risk before treatment.
Development of a low-cost imaging performance evaluation phantom for a generic multi-detector CT scanner
Authors: Calleja C J , Caballar R C , Peralta A
Published: June 2020

For quality assurance, an evaluation phantom is an important tool used to assess the imaging performance of a multi-detector CT (MDCT) scanner. In doing so, this would help to prevent the production of low-quality images that may lead to misdiagnosis and repeats of x-ray exposure. However, imaging performance test phantoms available commercially are too costly for resource-limited CT facilities to procure. This study aims to design an imaging performance evaluation phantom, fabricate a low-cost prototype of the design, and assess the suitability of use of the fabricated phantom under existing performance testing protocols. The phantom was designed according to recommended specifications from IAEA and AAPM and the prototype of the design was manufactured using engineering plastics and industrial metals through computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining and stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. The fabricated phantom prototype was then tested with United Imaging 80-slice MDCT scanner and its usability was compared to Gammex ACR 464 phantom following the ACR QC assessment methods. This research was able to produce a three-module solid plastic phantom with a performance at par with the commercial phantom. Furthermore, the overall manufacturing cost for the fabrication of the phantom was 87% cheaper than the cost of acquiring a commercial phantom. Thus, local development of a quality assurance phantom for CT is a cost-effective solution for resource-limited facilities.
Calculation of Size-Specific Dose Estimation (SSDE) of The Pediatric’s Head for Tube Current Modulation (TCM) CT Examinations
Authors: Syaja’ah K N , Anam C , Lestari F P , Haekal M , Haryanto F
Published: June 2020

Computed Tomography (CT) examinations in the pediatric patient are sensitive to the impact of ionizing radiation, which gives long-term risk. In addition, the actual radiation dose delivered during CT examinations has not been well-described mainly when using tube current modulation (TCM) technique. To quantified this effect, an algorithm for calculating radiation dose is needed. Therefore, this study aims to calculate and analyze the estimated effective dose of head examinations from 3D CT images, based on the equivalent water diameter (Dw)For the TCM technique. Four pediatric patients in the 0-6-year-old age groups were examinations using Somatom Definition Flash with variation in the number of slices. CTDIvol and Tube current values were obtained from the DICOM header. There are two main parts algorithm for Dw calculation. First, images of CT data were converted to Hounsfield units (HU). Then, Dw values based on the patients contour using the K-mean cluster and morphological gradient algorithm were calculated for every slice. The coefficient factor is obtained by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) report 220. The values then multiplied by CTDIvolto acquire values of SSDE. The results showed that the relation between SSDE and tube current was strongly correlated with R2 values of 0.982.
Determination the Ischemic Stroke of Brain MRI Based On Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) with b Value Variation
Authors: Zuhriyah A. , Muzzamil A. , Astuti S.D. , Suhariningsih
Published: June 2020

The Research to Determination the Ischemic Stroke of Brain MRI Based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) with b Value variations. The purposes of this study were to find b valuevariations of Diffusion Weighted Image (DWI), determining the optimum b value to find out the Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) ischemic stroke lesion in DWI image, and To determine the Diffusion Coefficient range obtained from the ADC (Apparent Diffusion Coefficient) value between old ischemic stroke and new ischemic stroke. In this research, used are 0, 500 and 1000. The result obtained b value influenceon the quality of DWI were analyzed in 30 patients suspected with old ischemic stroke and new ischemic stroke. Data analysis was done quantitatively with the Region Of Interest (ROI) directly on computer MRI image planes and were conducted statistical tests Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR). The highest Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) found in b 0, while the highest Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) on the b 1000 s/mm
2. The statistics test show that significant SNR value of the Lesion, around the lesion, Liquor, WM, GM tissue is about 0,000 (p<0,05), while for the Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) of the lesion and around the lesion tissue is about 0,000 (p<0,05). This results showed that b value variation have a difference at lesion, around the lesion, Liquor, WM, GM tissue for MRI imaging quality. SNR and CNR are important aspect on imaging optimalization process to give the diagnose information. In this research, the diffusion coefficient value in new ischemic stroke is < 1 × 10−3, whereas the old ischemic stroke is > 1 × 10−3, the results showed that15 patients have new ischemic stroke and 15 patients have old ischemic stroke.
Measurement of the Whole Body, Eye Lens and Extremity Occupational Doses in Nuclear Medicine Staff at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Authors: Sisai S , Krisanachinda A
Published: June 2020

Nuclear medicine staff have handled several radionuclides of gamma and beta emitters which result in obtaining occupational radiation risk. In 2018, the Government of Thailand announced the reduction of the eye lens dose limit from 150 to 20 mSv per year for the consecutive 5 years as of ICRP No. 118 in 2011. In Thailand, the personal effective dose to whole body, Hp(10) and the personal equivalent dose to the extremity, Hp(0.07) have been measured using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) in nuclear medicine staffs while the personal equivalent dose to the eye lens, Hp(3) has never been measured. The objective is to measure Hp(10), Hp(3), and Hp(0.07) using OSLD in nuclear medicine staff who dispense high activity of radionuclides at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH). The correlations between the Hp(10), Hp(3) and Hp(0.07) were analyzed. The personal occupational dose has been measured in 10 nuclear medicine staff. Three sets of OSLD are attached at whole body, finger, and eye lens (left and right) of each personnel arranged by Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT). As some radionuclides emit beta and gamma, most staff perform best practice in routine work, the short exposure time and the short range of beta rays to reach eye dosimeters which result in the estimated annual whole body, eye lens and extremity were less than the annual dose limit. The correlations between Hp(3) and Hp(10), Hp(0.07) and Hp(10), Hp(3) and Hp(0.07) had been recorded, while Hp(3) could be estimated from Hp(10).
Investigation of Image Quality for Quantitative Lu-177 in SPECT imaging: A Phantom Study
Authors: Mu’minah I A S , Hidayati N R , Widodo P , Shintawati R , Soejoko D S
Published: June 2020

A lutetium 177 (177Lu) radiopharmaceutical has been used for a theragnostic agent in molecular radiotherapies. This study aimed to investigate the image quality of SPECT image from 177Lu from Jaszczak Cylindrical Phantom based on tomographic uniformity, local-sphere uniformity, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Data acquisitions were conducted using a SPECT/CT unit. For contrast measurement, six hollow sphere inserts with diameters of 9.9, 12.4, 15.6, 19.7, 24.8, and 31.2 mm were filled by 177Lu with radioactivity concentration 10 times higher than the warm background. Images were reconstructed using three different iterative reconstruction algorithms, including Flash3D, OSEM2D, and Wallis. All reconstructions were carried out with the same iteration number of 4, subset number of 4, and Gaussian Filter. Results for tomographic uniformity measurement were (112.47±8.40%), (114.30±9.59%), and (105.94±17.49%) counts for Flash3D, OSEM2D, and Wallis algorithms, respectively. Flash3D algorithm provided better tomographic uniformity than others, while Wallis algorithm yielded the highest noisy image with low SNR. Local-sphere uniformity and SNR tended to significantly increase for sphere diameters larger than 19.70 mm. It was concluded that the reconstruction method significantly affects the image quality in 177Lu quantification. Then, it seems that Flash3D is the best reconstruction method for 177Lu SPECT image acquisition.
Image Segmentation of Thyroid SPECT Using Edge-Based Active Contour Model
Authors: Rahmandinof Arif , Nazir Fadil , Dwihapsari Yanurita
Published: June 2020

Nuclear medicine is a reliable method to analyze or diagnose some type of diseases using functional imaging, for example SPECT imaging to obtain organs uptake and biodistribution. In order to get information needed, SPECT images have to be segmented first. Region of interest (ROI) method by the expertise is generally performed for image segmentation in SPECT imaging, but the task is daunting and time-consuming due to large number of images to be segmented. Among many methods that can be used for image segmentation, edge-based active contour is one of the most popular and widely used method in medical image segmentation. In addition to Level Set Method that fails to stop gradient magnitude by only using gradient information, here the edge-stop function (ESF) is proposed for edge-based active contour models to segment images with unclear boundaries using Matlab R2019a. In this study the Level Set Method with k-Nearest Neighbours classifier and fuzzy ESF are used to segment the thyroid images from the 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT imaging. The number of iterations and initialization are assessed to obtain better segmented images which closely related to segmented images using ROI technique from the experts. The results showed that the proposed method could be used for segmentation of thyroid SPECT images.
Synthesis of Bio-composite CHA/PVA/Alginate as Bone Substitute Material
Authors: Yauma Asra Dina , Dahlan Kiagus , Widya Sari Yessie
Published: June 2020

The main inorganic constituent of human bone is carbonated-hydroxyapatite (CHA). The CHA powder had been successfully synthesized by using chicken eggshell through microwave assisted precipitation methods. In the application, the biomaterials needed by orthopaedic doctors were in the form of scaffold. The addition of PVA and alginate to CHA can improve mechanical properties and affect the pores. The freeze-drying method was used to synthesize bio-composite scaffold. The FTIR result showed that spectrums correspond to functional group of PO4
3−, OH−, CO3
2− which were the characteristic of CHA. The elastic scaffold was produced in this research. The scaffold mechanical test results showed that the higher PVA content showed the higher mechanical properties. The phase composition was evaluated by XRD and indicated the presence of CHA. The morphology of the sample was evaluated by SEM which formed pores. These scaffolds showed good prospects for bone substitute material.
An Acoustic Analysis of Formants between Frequently Smoking Subjects and Non-smoking Subjects
Authors: Suwandi G R F , Mustajab M A , Haekal M , Khotimah S N , Haryanto F
Published: June 2020

Smoking is one of the factors that affect the respiratory health of human. A system of respiratory health indicators is needed to prevent the negative effects of smoking at an early stage. The relation between respiratory and vocal coordination can be analysed by measuring the formant frequencies, which indicate the spectral shaping of the human vocal tract. In this study, two groups of subjects with and without smoking habits were studied in terms of their formant frequencies. The results showed that there were statistical significance differences in the four formant frequencies between the two groups. The differences might be due to the changes in the elasticity of the oral cavity, which were affected by the smoke produced from cigarettes. Therefore, we conclude that a smoking person can be identified by the characteristics of their formant frequencies.
Study and Analysis of Electronic Stethoscope Signal Using MATLAB & LabVIEW as Effective Tools
Authors: Oktivasari P. , R. Amy H. S. , Freddy H. , Suprijadi
Published: June 2020

This paper trades effectively with the study and analysis of heart sound signal processing from Electronic Stethoscope by using the Matlab tool. Examination of heart sound signal includes generation and simulation of heart sound signal, acquisition of real-time heart sound data, heart sound signal filtering and processing, extraction of feature, comparison of different techniques for cardiac signal processing. Heart sound signal analysis used FFT and Wavelet transform, identification of normal heart sound, calculating Beat Per Minute (BPM), and so on using the most familiar and multipurpose Matlab functionality with user interface LabVIEW. The reasonable need for Matlab functions can contribute us to work in high accuracy and convenience with heart sound signals for processing and analyzing both in realtime and through simulation.
Epileptic Seizure Detection in EEGs by Using Random Tree Forest, Naïve Bayes and KNN Classification
Authors: Lestari Fauzia P. , Haekal Mohammad , Edmi Edison Rizki , Ravi Fauzy Fikry , Nurul Khotimah Siti , Haryanto Freddy
Published: June 2020

Epilepsy is a disease that attacks the nerves. To detect epilepsy, it is necessary to analyze the results of an EEG test. In this study, we compared the naive bayes, random tree forest and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification algorithms to detect epilepsy. The raw EEG data were pre-processed before doing feature extraction. Then, we have done the training in three algorithms: KNN Classification, naïve bayes classification and random tree forest. The last step was validation of the trained machine learning. Comparing those three classifiers, we calculated accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. The best trained classifier is KNN classifier (accuracy: 92.7%), rather than random tree forest (accuracy: 86.6%) and naïve bayes classifier (accuracy: 55.6%). Seen from precision performance, KNN Classification also gives the best precision (82.5%) rather than Naïve Bayes classification (25.3%) and random tree forest (68.2%). But, for the sensitivity, Naïve Bayes classification is the best with 80.3% sensitivity, compare to KNN 73.2% and random tree forest (42.2%). For specificity, KNN classification gives 96.7% specificity, then random tree forest 95.9% and Naïve bayes 50.4%. The training time of naïve bayes was 0.166030 sec, while training time of random tree forest was 2.4094sec and KNN was the slower in training that was 4.789 sec. Therefore, KNN Classification gives better performance than naïve bayes and random tree forest classification.
Vibration Sensor Based On Self-Mixing Interferometry To Identify Human Heart Rate
Authors: Yaqin M A , Yunifar R I , Ariyanti N D , Zulfikar A Z , Syamsudin S , Buka O , Nasori N , Endarko E , Rubiyanto A
Published: June 2020

The monitoring heart rate by vibration sensor based on self-mixing interferometry (SMI) had been done. Experimental schemes and the performance of vibration sensor based on SMI as a function of frequency and amplitude of human heart rate signals had been examined. The vibration sensor consists of a laser diode as a light source (λ = 785 nm) with integrated detector, a mirror as a vibrating target, and a simulated heart signal from ECG generator. ECG generator signals and audio amplifier are adjusted in frequencies of 1-100 kHz. The result showed that the feedback parameter of SMI signal could be identified at frequency 50 Hz. The heart signal was shown clearly at frequency 100 kHz.
Effect of ozone addition on virgin coconut oil using changes in light transmission polarization
Authors: Ainurrofik N , Azam M , Sugito H , Richardina V , Firdausi K S
Published: June 2020

Today, the investigation of ozonized cooking oil becomes a very interesting research development topic, in addition to the study of ozone interactions in liquids and its application to the treatment of skin cancer. This research was conducted to determine the change in the transmission polarization angle in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) that was interacted with ozone. Laser pointers with a wavelength of 650 nm were used as light sources. The polarization changes are proportional to the duration of ozonation, and the longer duration is accompanied by more accumulative numbers of free fatty acids. The interaction is considered to be quite effective, with supposedly one ozone molecule interacting with one symmetric triglyceride molecule to become a new asymmetric triglyceride molecule in the interaction. This interaction increases the active optical properties of VCO samples. In contrast to the latest sophisticated spectroscopic methods, the polarization method seems simpler by simply measuring the change in polarization of light. With the ability of the polarization method that can distinguish the characteristics of cooking oil before and after experiencing treatment, this method has a large chance to be developed in subsequent studies relating to polarization as an indicator of the interaction of light with the material in the field of biophysics and other related fields.
Simulation of single particle flowing in a microfluidic device using molecular dynamics method
Authors: Viridi Sparisoma , Haryanto Freddy , Anshori Isa , Haekal Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Blood cells are modeled as spherical particles that flow through a microfluidic device with one inlet and two outlet channels, which is designed as a separator of blood particles. Molecular dynamics (MD) method was used intuitively in the simulation with the help of Semi-Circle Segmented Path Generator (SCSPG) as an approximation in creating fluid profile along the device channel. The trajectories generated from SCSPG was advanced using a fully developed Poiseuille flow with maximum fluid speed on the trajectories and the tails of speed distribution which was extended to the size of the channel with speed of zero at the channel walls. It has been observed that for a single particle trajectory the outlet channel was chosen by the particle depends on the axial position of the particles. Mass of particle determines how hard the particle deflects due to fluid profile. A better design is proposed in this work for separating two groups of particles with different size.
Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography Image Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method
Authors: Fitriyah N , Kurniawati L D , Purwanti E , Astuti S D
Published: June 2020

This research aims to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease on x-ray radiography image using artificial neural network (ANN) method. The images, which were used such as images of healthy pulmonary, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary tumour. Pattern recognition was using an extraction feature of GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and back propagation method. Before being identified, the images were processed by median filter and adaptive histogram equalization. The GLCM features that used were homogeneity, energy, contrast, variance and correlation. The parameters were learning rate and hidden layer. Learning rate was 0.3 and hidden layer was 25. Back propagation training showed 100% accuracy, which all of 44 images were used had been successfully identified. From the result, the healthy pulmonary showed 60% accuracy, 83.3% for pulmonary tuberculosis and 100% for pulmonary tumor. Hence, the overall result showed 81.25% accuracy, which 13 of 16 images had been successfully identified. From these result, extraction feature of GLCM using back propagation method was capable to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease. However, due to narrow range of the feature, this application may not be used optimally for comparing features in every category of images. Therefore, the further research is needed to determine the best features and parameters of training back propagation.
Signal Comparison of Developed EEG Device and Emotiv Insight Based on Brainwave Characteristics Analysis
Authors: Harke Pratama Sra , Rahmadhani Andri , Bramana Andrian , Oktivasari Prihatin , Handayani Nita , Haryanto Freddy , Suprijadi  , Nurul Khotimah Siti
Published: June 2020

The usage of wireless system and dry electrode on electroencephalography (EEG) device becomes widely demanding, particularly in commercial purposes. While the wireless system is needed for lesser cable interference and practical function for mobility, the dry electrode is very important for signal consistency in longer period of brainwave acquisition. Previously, a wireless EEG device was developed in our laboratory; however, the evaluation of the acquired brainwave is needed for further usage and development. This research aimed to compare the signal acquired by the developed EEG device using Emotiv Insight device as a benchmark, which is already an established wireless and dry electrode-based EEG on the market. The brainwave acquisitions were conducted on the subject while resting with eyes closed. AF3 and AF4 of frontal lobe channels were used as the electrode placements. The results were then characterized using frequency band analysis, SNR comparison, and general signal inspection. The result showed that the signal patterns on both devices were visually similar. A minor difference on the amplitude scale can be adjusted by normalization method. The result of alpha band calculation, which is normally detected in resting activity, found similar on both devices. Furthermore, the SNR result from developed device was considered fairly close to the benchmarking device. This study showed that developed EEG device was considered comparable to Emotiv Insight in detecting alpha band extracted from resting frontal lobe, as well as in the brainwave filtering process and accuracy.
Preliminary Studies Comparing Heart Rate Measurement Using Optical Sensor Based on Self Mixing Interferometry and Photoplethysmography (PPG)
Authors: Yunifar R I , Yaqin M A , Ariyanti N D , Zulfikar A Z , Syamsudin S , Buka O , Nasori N , Endarko E , Rubiyanto A
Published: June 2020

Heart Rate is important information about the physiological and psychological condition of human. The pulse rate is directly related to the heart activity because of the impact of the volume changing of blood correlated to the heart which pumps blood throughout the body periodically. Heart rate measurement is used generally ECG (Electrocardiogram) or Blood Pressure Measurement in the medical world. In this paper the ratio of the heart rate is analyzed by using a technique photoplethysmography and optical sensor based on self-mixing interferometry. A typical self-mixing configuration consist of a laser diode as a light source (LD, 785 nm) and the photodetector which integrated in the package. Photoplethysmography consist of infrared (IR, 940 nm) acts as source of light, photodiode as a photo-detector, PPG circuit, arduino and PC. Photoplethysmography is non-invasive optical technique that can used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. The result show that human heart rate signals can be detected using the SMI method with a frequency of 100 kHz and input current 50 mA, but using PPG method the human heart signal was detected in the amplitude range of 2,070 to 2,080 mV.
Evaluation of radiation dose from coronary CT angiography (CCTA) examination associated with prospective ECG-triggering technique in multidetector 640-slice scanner
Authors: Shamsul Shahril , Sabarudin Akmal , Abdul Hamid Hamzaini , Abu Bakar Norzailin , Maskon Oteh , Khalis Abdul Karim Muhammad
Published: June 2020

In this study we evaluate radiation dose from a prospective ECG-triggered coronary CT angiography (CCTA) examination multidetector 640-slice CT and compares with other establish references. A total of 98 patient subjects were fall into inclusion criteria and related parameters has been recorded and analysed. It was estimated that the effective dose was at 5.23 ± 4.38 mSv (range 1.34 to 20.35 mSv) and it was significantly lower than that stated in the national dose reference level (NDRL) with 57% difference. It is highly recommended that the practice of using prospective ECG-triggering CCTA with low scanning range provides an optimum amount of radiation dose when compared to previous practice.
Solving the Optimization of Physical Distribution Routing Problem with Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhai Rongbing
Published: June 2020

In view of the deficiency of genetic algorithm in local search ability, a simulated annealing algorithm for optimization of physical distribution routing problem is constructed. Compared with the traditional optimization algorithm, the hybrid genetic algorithm has faster convergence speed, better distribution result and better application value.
Design and Construction of Information-based Teaching Cloud Space in Colleges and Universities under the Framework of TPACK
Authors: Gan Baiqiang , Wang Rongxia , Zhang Chi , Lv Peide
Published: June 2020

In order to improve the quality of information-based teaching in colleges and universities, promote the penetration of information technology into the classroom, and improve the teaching effect, based on the TPACK framework, this paper designs the information-based teaching cloud space in colleges and universities, and constructs the system framework by combining the learning theory and teaching needs with the characteristics of the cloud space. Teaching cloud space is to carry out research from four dimensions: technology dimension, teaching dimension, discipline dimension and deep learning dimension, to realize the integration of technology and education and teaching ideas, and to build a personalized teaching cloud space. The research results show that the information-based teaching cloud space based on TPACK theory can improve the teaching of practical courses and stimulate students’ curiosity and enthusiasm for learning.
The Design and Implementation of the Smart Trash Can based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Yujie , Xu Yanzhu , Zhang Bingchang , Zhang Junhong , Su Xinpu
Published: June 2020

Choosing MSP430F149 as the main control chip and using the human body sensor module, infrared ranging module, motor, ultrasonic module, GSM module as peripheral components, the Smart trash can proposed in this paper can realize automatic garbage classification and garbage overflow detection. The human body infrared sensor module senses the approach of the human body in real time, triggers the Single-Chip Microcomputer to work, and opens the lid of the trash can; The entry of garbage is monitored in real time, responding to the Single-Chip Microcomputer driving the LDC1000 metal sensor for metal detection; The purpose of garbage classification could be achieved through the forward and reverse rotation of the motor; After the motor returns to its original position, the ultrasonic module installed in the middle of the trash can is used to detect whether the garbage is overflowed. The GSM module determines whether to send a message according to the ultrasonic detection. The test of the device shows that the control effect is good and the expected design goal is achieved.
Innovating Computerized Social Insurance Management Model
Authors: Li QingPing
Published: June 2020

At this stage, the industry background of China’s social insurance management mechanism is facing reforms. In the process of reform, in accordance with relevant issues, through analysis and discussion, focus on properly handling issues, enhance the effectiveness of the organization’s work, take an information processing method, rely on computers Technology makes social insurance management tend to be automated, intelligent and efficient. By promoting the informationization of social insurance management, simplifying the steps of handling social insurance business, integrating the data, file, and teller system models, implementing streamlined fund payment business management and control procedures, maximizing the use of computer applications, and strengthening social insurance institutions work results, social insurance agency business model to achieve innovation.
A Modified Mean Shift Method for Fault Region Extraction in Infrared Image
Authors: Ni Hui , Xu Jinxia , Wang Ruoyue , Bi Jiangang , Wang Feng , Xu Xiaolu
Published: June 2020

Aiming to detect the fault of electrical equipment with infrared thermography, this paper presents a modified mean shift clustering method for finding the region of fault. At the beginning, the whole image is separated by the highest threshold, as to find the coarse fault region. Then the mean shift clustering method is modified by introducing the weight factor associated with the neighboring pixels, in order to cluster the region with similarity. Meanwhile, the original way of mean shift clustering method to iterate in the image is abandoned, and we propose a threshold segmentation mechanism to solve. It thereby promotes the speed of clustering, and extracts the region of fault effectively. Finally, the experiments on real world infrared images show that our method has higher performance than some existing methods, including original mean shift clustering method.