bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Findings on the Impact of the Idealization of Corrosion on the Brittle Failure of Steel
Authors: Biglu Michael , von Bock und Polach Franz , Ehlers Sören
Published: October 2022

Corrosion is mostly considered as homogeneous thickness reduction in construction guidelines of the maritime industry. Several studies concluded that besides a homogeneous thickness reduction the corroded non-uniform surface morphology is affecting the strength and strain behavior of steel. However, the effects of non-uniform corrosion on the behavior of steel is still not clearly assessed.

The effects of corrosion on the local behavior of steel structures under tensile loading were investigated by conducting tensile tests on naturally corroded steel specimens and analyzing the surface morphology based on surface scans. Influences of geometrical parameters on the strength and strains were determined by carrying out a correlation analysis combined with a Particle Swarm Optimization. Then a non-linear finite element analysis was performed to compare a homogeneous idealization with finite element models considering the naturally corroded surface morphology.

Both independent approaches conclude that non-uniform corrosion leads to a more brittle stress-strain behavior of steel compared to a homogeneous corrosion approach, including higher stresses and decreased total breaking strain. In addition we can confirm that pittings and surface roughness are leading to a decrease of the total breaking strain. In contrast to many other studies we highlighted that instead of the pitting corrosion in general, the volume or thickness loss are the primary driver for the ultimate tensile strength reduction.
The Challenges of Data Availability for the Life Extension of Steel Catenary Risers
Authors: Mekha Basim , Gordon Robin
Published: October 2022

Many offshore floating production systems including their risers are approaching the end of their original Design Life. Operators are faced with the choice of either decommissioning or demonstrating that the original Design Life can be extended (Life Extension). Life extension requires the Operator to perform detailed engineering analyses to verify that the system can be operated safely over the period of Life Extension. This generally requires detailed fatigue analysis of actual fabrication data to demonstrate that the fatigue damage still within the required design life and the original fabrication flaws or fatigue cracks that may have initiated over the original Design Life will not grow to a critical size resulting in failure. In some cases, the detailed engineering analysis is supplemented by an in-line inspection program.

The critical challenge that many operators face nowadays is finding the original design, fabrication and inspection records since they may be more than 20 years old. The use of actual procurement and fabrication data provides more credibility to the life extension engineering. Furthermore, the actual data could support the removal of at least some of the conservatism associated with the design of new risers.

This paper will review and discuss specific issues associated with the availability of procurement and fabrication data and how to optimize and use the available knowledge and information in cases where data is not available. Some focus will be placed on the fracture mechanics aspect of the fatigue and the Engineering Criticality Assessment (ECA) approach to determine the riser life extension based on the weld original flaws. Finally, the paper will provide guidance and examples of how to take advantage of in-line inspection to supplement the life extension analysis and provide increased confidence on the predicted life extension.
Benchmark Study of Welding Deformations in Stiffened Plate
Authors: Josefson B. L. , Chen B.-Q. , Gotoh K. , Wang F. , Liu K. , van Duin S. , Dong P.
Published: October 2022

The fabrication of ship hulls involves welding operations, one typical operation is fillet welding of stiffeners to plates (panels) a so-called T-joint. The residual stresses from the welding process will influence the fatigue life of the structure, and residual deformations will increase the risk for buckling of the panel and give poor fabrication tolerances which may complicate the assembly of a built-up structure.

Though this weld geometry has been frequently studied in the literature both experimentally and numerically, the focus has been on the residual stress field and if residual deformations are studied, the angular distortion and the typical V-shape seen in the welded plate (panel) are reported. This benchmark focusses on the residual shape after two-pass fillet welding of a stiffener to a plate (T-joint and the influence of the constraints used during welding. The information of the full welding residual deformations may be useful for the fabrication of larger complex welded structures.

The benchmark study clearly shows that careful consideration is needed when defining a reference plane for comparison of resulting deformations from FE-simulations and from experiments as well as good documentation of the actual boundary conditions and steps carried after the completion of the welding and before measuring residual deformations. The FE-simulations have shown that it is difficult to obtain the full antisymmetric, twisted shape of the plate as measured in the experiments, although a trend similar to the experiments can be seen as the plate tends to move upwards at the end of each weld pass, i.e a slight influence of the weld pass direction.
A Hybrid Numerical Wave Model for Extreme Wave Kinematics
Authors: Kim Jang , Park Sewan , Kyoung Johyun , Baquet Aldric , Shen Zhirong , Ha Yoon-Jin , Kim Kyong-Hwan
Published: October 2022

Numerical wave model that predicts realistic and correct wave kinematics such as wave elevation and particle velocity for the ocean waves become an essential part of the offshore platform design. A recent joint-industry effort, ‘Reproducible Offshore CFD JIP’, presented a systematic procedure to qualify the wave models and several wave models that satisfy the proposed qualification criteria. To name a few, Higher-Order Spectral Method (HOS, HOSM), HAWASSI, IGN, Reef3D::FNPF and TPNWT wave models have been verified for moderate to extreme sea states. They are all based on potential theory with an empirical wave-breaking model implemented.

In this paper, the numerical methods of the existing wave models are compared to derive a new numerical wave model combining superior features of them. The new model uses pseudo-spectral method that is used in the HOS / HOSM and HAWASSI for the time evolution of the surface variables — surface elevation and free-surface velocity potential, but the variational method for the Laplace equation for fluid volume that is used in IGN and TPNWT. The new hybrid model shows efficiency and accuracy of the spectral method and the robustness of the variational method.

The new numerical model is verified following the qualification criteria proposed in the ‘Reproducible Offshore CFD JIP’. The verification results of the new model show both robust convergence behavior and efficiency in practical numerical setup.
SCIENCE VERSUS INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE? Toward a Dialogical Approach
Authors: Barber Keith
Published: October 2022

In November 2019, three academics from Auckland University published an opinion piece in which they examined the relationship between science and mātauranga Māori. They concluded that, ‘Mātauranga Māori…subverts those aspects of science – namely objectivity, universality, and dedication to progress – that can further advance the understanding of nature and help find solutions to the major problems afflicting the planet.’ Part One of this paper examines the assumptions behind that conclusion and the sources of information used by the authors to construct their argument. It uncovers a fabric of wilful distortion, fabrication, omission, false comparisons and hyperbole. Part Two then addresses one of the major problems currently affecting the planet – the loss of biodiversity – and finds that the above-mentioned authors’ assumptions about science, indigenous knowledge and the planet’s problems are contradicted by the current global scientific consensus.
A four-element array design for the implementation of the third-order super-cardioid beam pattern
Authors: Wang Qiumu , Lan Yu , Fan Jun
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a practical acoustic source that can implement the third-order super-cardioid beam pattern (SCBP). Based on the product theorem of the array, the third-order dipole beam pattern can be implemented based on the first-order and second-order dipole beam patterns so that a four-element array is designed. In addition, the second-order dipole beam pattern can also be implemented by the same four-element array. Hence, a four-element array is designed to implement the third-order SCBP. Subsequently, the single-sided radiation flextensional transducer—which is a type of low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer—is selected as the array element of the four-element array that is studied and analyzed by means of the finite element method. Finally, a four-element array prototype is fabricated and tested leading to the conclusion that the special four-element array combined with the product theorem provides a practical way for the implementation of the third-order SCBP.
Sentinel
p16
INK4a+
cells in the basement membrane form a reparative niche in the lung
Authors: Reyes Nabora S. , Krasilnikov Maria , Allen Nancy C. , Lee Jin Young , Hyams Ben , Zhou Minqi , Ravishankar Supriya , Cassandras Monica , Wang Chaoqun , Khan Imran , Matatia Peri , Johmura Yoshikazu , Molofsky Ari , Matthay Michael , Nakanishi Makoto , Sheppard Dean , Campisi Judith , Peng Tien
Published: October 2022

We engineered an ultrasensitive reporter of
p16
INK4a
, a biomarker of cellular senescence. Our reporter detected
p16
INK4a
-expressing fibroblasts with certain senescent characteristics that appeared shortly after birth in the basement membrane adjacent to epithelial stem cells in the lung. Furthermore, these
p16
INK4a+
fibroblasts had enhanced capacity to sense tissue inflammation and respond through their increased secretory capacity to promote epithelial regeneration. In addition,
p16
INK4a
expression was required in fibroblasts to enhance epithelial regeneration. This study highlights a role for
p16
INK4a+
fibroblasts as tissue-resident sentinels in the stem cell niche that monitor barrier integrity and rapidly respond to inflammation to promote tissue regeneration.
Reconstructing CO
2
fixation from the past
Authors: Sharwood Robert E.
Published: October 2022

Analysis of Rubisco evolution could inform how to engineer a better enzyme
Fireball is traced to far edge of Solar System
Authors: Hand Eric
Published: October 2022

Rocky meteor suggests distant cloud of comets also contains asteroids
Lively Minds: improving health and development through play–a randomised controlled trial evaluation of a comprehensive ECCE programme at scale in Ghana
Authors: Augsburg Britta , Attanasio Orazio Pedro , Dreibelbis Robert , Nketiah-Amponsah Edward , Phimister Angus , Wolf Sharon , Krutikova Sonya
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Many children in developing countries grow up in environments that lack stimulation, leading to deficiencies in early years of development. Several efficacy trials of early childhood care and education (ECCE) programmes have demonstrated potential to improve child development; evidence on whether these effects can be sustained once programmes are scaled is much more mixed. This study evaluates whether an ECCE programme shown to be effective in an efficacy trial maintains effectiveness when taken to scale by the Government of Ghana (GoG). The findings will provide critical evidence to the GoG on effectiveness of a programme it is investing in, as well as a blueprint for design and scale-up of ECCE programmes in other developing countries, which are expanding their investment in ECCE programmes.

Methods and analysis

This study is a cluster randomised controlled trial, in which the order that districts receive the programme is randomised. A minimum sample of 3240 children and 360 schools will be recruited across 72 district school cohort pairs. The primary outcomes are (1) child cognitive and socioemotional development measured using the International Development and Early Learning Assessment tool, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and tasks from the Harvard Laboratory for Development Studies; (2) child health (measured using height/weight for age, height-for-weight Z scores). Secondary outcomes include (1) maternal mental health, (using Kessler-10 and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale) and knowledge of ECCE practices; (2) teacher knowledge, motivation and teaching quality (measured with classroom observation); (3) parental investment (using the Family Care Index and Home Observation Measurement of the Environment and the Child–Parent Relationship Scale); (4) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices; (5) acute malnutrition (using mid-upper arm circumference). We will estimate unadjusted and adjusted intent-to-treat effects.

Ethics and dissemination

Study protocols have been approved by ethics boards at the University College London (21361/001), Yale University (2000031549) and Ghanaian Health Service Ethics Review Committee (028/09/21). Results will be made available to participating communities, funders, the wider public and other researchers through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social and print media and various community/stakeholder engagement activities.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN15360698, AEARCTR-0008500.
Inequalities in healthcare disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 12 UK population-based longitudinal studies
Authors: Maddock Jane , Parsons Sam , Di Gessa Giorgio , Green Michael J , Thompson Ellen J , Stevenson Anna J , Kwong Alex SF , McElroy Eoin , Santorelli Gillian , Silverwood Richard J , Captur Gabriella , Chaturvedi Nishi , Steves Claire J , Steptoe Andrew , Patalay Praveetha , Ploubidis George B , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal
Published: October 2022

Objectives

We investigated associations between multiple sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, occupational social class, education and ethnicity) and self-reported healthcare disruptions during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Coordinated analysis of prospective population surveys.

Setting

Community-dwelling participants in the UK between April 2020 and January 2021.

Participants

Over 68 000 participants from 12 longitudinal studies.

Outcomes

Self-reported healthcare disruption to medication access, procedures and appointments.

Results

Prevalence of healthcare disruption varied substantially across studies: between 6% and 32% reported any disruption, with 1%–10% experiencing disruptions in medication, 1%–17% experiencing disruption in procedures and 4%–28% experiencing disruption in clinical appointments. Females (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.40; I2=54%), older persons (eg, OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.72; I2=77% for 65–75 years vs 45–54 years) and ethnic minorities (excluding white minorities) (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.35; I2=0% vs white) were more likely to report healthcare disruptions. Those in a more disadvantaged social class were also more likely to report healthcare disruptions (eg, OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.27; I2=0% for manual/routine vs managerial/professional), but no clear differences were observed by education. We did not find evidence that these associations differed by shielding status.

Conclusions

Healthcare disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic could contribute to the maintenance or widening of existing health inequalities.
Evaluation of rational prescribing in a hospital paediatric outpatient clinic in Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Blessing Ijeoma , Udemba Jacintha Chibuogwu , Ndugba Chinwendu Augusta , Okonkwo Justina Ijeoma , Obed Ebierinyo Andi
Published: October 2022

Background

Irrational prescribing is a continuing public health issue in low/middle-income countries. This study evaluated the drug use pattern of medicines in paediatrics aged below 12 years attending the outpatient paediatric clinic of Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Method

An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using patients’ medical records who attended the outpatient paediatric clinic from 1 January to 30 April 2022. The WHO prescribing indicators and guidelines for investigating drug use in health facilities were used.

Result

A total of 800 prescriptions containing 2723 drugs were analysed, with a mean number of drugs per prescription of 3.4. A total of 651 patients (81.3%) had at least one antibiotic, and the number of encounters with injection was 17.5% (140 patients). Prescribing by generic name was done for 1406 (51.6%) drugs; of the 2723 drugs prescribed, 2441 (89.6%) were from the WHO Pediatric Essential Medication List. In addition, 80% of the prescriptions contained antimalaria. Analgesics/antipyretics were the most frequently prescribed medicine (87.9%).

Conclusion

The findings of this study deviated from the WHO recommended standards. There is a need to target paediatric clinics further and enforce national strategies to tackle non-standard prescribing practices among the paediatric population.
Phenomenology, disability and sexual functioning in female Dhat syndrome: a study of tertiary care gynaecology outpatients
Authors: Joshi Shubha , Tripathi Adarsh , Agarwal Smriti , Singh Nisha , Gupta Bandna , Nischal Anil , Kar Sujita Kumar
Published: October 2022

Background

Dhat syndrome, a clinical condition related to semen loss in urine often found among males in India, has rarely been described as a separate clinical condition in females. Women with the syndrome complain of passing vaginal discharge and can be excessively concerned and preoccupied with it, often attributing various physical symptoms to the loss of vaginal fluids.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of female patients with Dhat syndrome and their perceived stress, disability and sexual functioning.

Methods

Sociodemographic details of 70 females with non-pathological vaginal discharge were evaluated with a semistructured sociodemographic assessment. The phenomenology of the vaginal discharge was assessed with the Scale for Assessment of Female Dhat Syndrome Questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Perceived stress in the past month and disability caused by the illness were assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale. In addition, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Level 2 Somatic Symptoms Scale was administered to rate the severity of somatic symptoms, and sexual functioning was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scale for women who had had sexual intercourse in the past month.

Results

The mean age of onset vaginal discharge was 23.0 (6.6) years. Biological factors, such as urinary tract infection, were the commonly attributed cause of the loss of vaginal fluids. Psychiatric comorbidity and perceived moderate stress in the past month were found in 38.6% and 68.6% of female patients with Dhat syndrome, respectively. Disability scores tended to be low. Among the females having had sexual intercourse in the past month, 48.3% had FSFI scores indicative of a female sexual disorder.

Conclusions

The clinical presentation of women with non-pathological vaginal discharge is similar to that of males with Dhat syndrome. It requires comprehensive assessment and management that targets the biological, social and psychological factors and cultural issues.
Renormalization of the Two-Dimensional Border-Collision Normal Form
Authors: Ghosh Indranil , Simpson David J. W.
Published: October 2022

All nondegenerate, continuous, piecewise-linear maps on [Formula: see text] with two pieces are equivalent to a member of a four-parameter family of maps known as the two-dimensional border-collision normal form. This paper shows how the powerful technique of renormalization can be applied to this family and reveals previously undescribed bifurcation structure in a succinct way. We partition a parameter region where the family is known to exhibit chaos robustly into infinitely many subregions in an explicit way. We then show the chaotic attractor has different numbers of connected components in different subregions. The results rely on a careful analysis of the global dynamics of the renormalization operator. This is challenging because the operator is essentially a quadratic map on [Formula: see text].
Dynamics of a Toxin Producing Plankton-Fish Model with Three-Dimensional Patch and Time Delay
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wei Chunjin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a toxin producing plankton-fish model with three-dimensional patch and time delay is proposed. We assume that a small part of phytoplankton gathers to form a patch to release toxins for self-defense and introduce a discrete-time delay in fish populations due to gestation. The sufficient conditions for the stability of the solution and the existence of Hopf bifurcation and transcritical bifurcation are obtained. Furthermore, the conditions of stability and direction of Hopf bifurcation in the time delay system are derived by using normal form theory and center manifold theorem. Finally, numerical simulation demonstrates the dynamical outcome such as periodic and chaotic solutions of the system, which validate our analytical findings.
About this title - A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System: Part 2
Authors: Servais T. , Harper D. A. T. , Lefebvre B. , Percival I. G.
Published: October 2022

The Ordovician is one of the longest and geologically most active periods in Phanerozoic history. The unique Ordovician biodiversifications established modern marine ecosystems, whereas the first plants originated on land. The two volumes cover all key topics on Ordovician research and provide a review of Ordovician successions across the globe.
Recent Developments in Theories of Inhomogeneous and Anisotropic Turbulence
Authors: Marston J.B. , Tobias S.M.
Published: October 2022

Understanding inhomogeneous and anisotropic fluid flows requires mathematical and computational tools that are tailored to such flows and distinct from methods used to understand the canonical problem of homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. We review some recent developments in the theory of inhomogeneous and anisotropic turbulence, placing special emphasis on several kinds of quasi-linear approximations and their corresponding statistical formulations. Aspects of quasi-linear theory that have received insufficient attention in the literature are discussed, and open questions are framed.
Fast Retrieval Method of Portal Information Based on a Chaotic Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Tong , Tai Jingjing
Published: October 2022

The traditional retrieval method cannot respond to the influence of the change in the portal website’s information characteristics, resulting in low efficiency. In this regard, a fast information retrieval method based on a chaotic genetic algorithm is proposed. According to the relevant theory of association rules, the correlation between information data of dynamic portal websites is calculated; different portal website information is retrieved based on the Markov model output; a chaotic genetic algorithm is used to fuse different portal website information. The information data constructs a decision tree for rapid retrieval of portal information, uses the vector form to express the characteristics of portal information, and finally realizes the rapid retrieval of portal information. The experimental results show that the designed method takes up to 15 ms when the sample complexity is high, which shows that the designed method has high efficiency and is of great significance in practical applications.
Pavement Disease Detection through Improved YOLOv5s Neural Network
Authors: Chu Yinze , Xiang Xinjian , Wang Yilin , Huang Binqiang
Published: October 2022

An improved Ghost-YOLOv5s detection algorithm is proposed in this paper to solve the problems of high computational load and undesirable recognition rate in the traditional detection methods of pavement diseases. Ghost modules and C3Ghost are introduced into the YOLOv5s network to reduce the FLOPs (floating-point operations) in the feature channel fusion process. Mosaic data augmentation is also added to improve the feature expression performance. A public road disease dataset is reconstructed to verify the performance of the proposed method. The proposed model is trained and deployed to NVIDIA Jetson Nano for the experiment, and the results show that the average accuracy of the proposed model reaches 88.17%, increased by 4.01%, and the model FPS (frames per second) reaches 12.51, increased by 184% compared with the existing YOLOv5s. Case studies show that the proposed method satisfies the practical application requirements of pavement disease detection.
Changes in T-Cell Subsets and Serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE Levels in Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Capillary Bronchitis and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: Zhang Yao , Luo Jianfeng , Wu Huajie , Wang Hao , Sun Xin
Published: October 2022

Objective. To investigate the changes in T-cell subsets and serum IFN-γ, IL-17, and IgE levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis and their clinical significance. Methods. The clinical data of 50 children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis admitted to our hospital between July 2020 and June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed, and they were included in the observation group, while 50 children with a healthy physical examination during the same period were chosen as the control group. The T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8) and serum IL-4, IL-8, IFN-, IL-17, and IgE levels of children in the two groups were compared, and the clinical significance of the changes in the levels of the indices mentioned above was analyzed. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in T-cell subset levels (CD4 and CD8) between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

); the level of CD4/CD8, IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, and IgE in the observation group were substantially higher than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

), while the serum IFN-γ levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Increased CD4/CD8 levels in children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis cause an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 immune response, similar to changes in bronchial asthma, suggesting a link between the two diseases. Increased serum levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-17, and IgE and decreased serum levels of IFN-γ have been seen in children with respiratory syncytial virus capillary bronchitis, suggesting the severity of the children’s disease may in part be reflected in the levels of the aforementioned serum indicators.
Spatio-Temporal Traffic Data Tensor Restoration Method Based on Direction Weighting and P-Shrinkage Norm
Authors: Wu Jiangnan , Zhao Yongmei , Zhang Hongmei , Hu Gang , Zeng Hang , Li Song
Published: October 2022

Due to the influence of data collection methods and external complex factors, missing traffic data is inevitable. However, complete traffic information is a necessary input for route planning and forecasting tasks. To reduce the impact of missing data problems, this paper uses the low-rank tensor completion framework based on T-SVD to complete the missing spatio-temporal traffic data, the aim is to recover a low-rank tensor from a tensor with partial observation terms, and the WLRTC-P model is proposed. We use the idea of direction weighting to solve the dependence of the original model on the data input direction, extract each direction correlation information of the tensor spatio-temporal traffic data, and use the p-shrinkage norm to replace the tensor average rank minimization problem, and the study shows that the p-shrinkage norm is tighter than the tensor nuclear norm and, finally, uses the alternating direction method of multipliers to solve this model. Experiments on two publicly available spatio-temporal traffic datasets verified the conjecture of data input direction’s influence on the completion accuracy, and compared with the existing classical model methods, WLRTC-P has high precision and generalization ability.
[Retracted] Meta‐Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Risk of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Huang Ruizhen , XinYang  , Zhu Rui , Song Junkun , Luo Mei , Chen Di-ang
Published: October 2022

Objective. To investigate the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases induced by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by meta‐analysis. Methods. Relevant literature was searched from Wanfang Medical Center, CNQI, VIP, PubMed, and other domestic and foreign literature databases for the research direction, and the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases induced by MMPs was meta‐analyzed using the fixed‐effect model and random‐effect model. Results. MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 were risk factors for cardiovascular diseases by fixed and random‐effect model analysis, respectively, while MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were risk factors for increased neurodegenerative diseases by random‐effect model analysis. Conclusion. MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 are major factors for increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. MMP‐1, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 can be used as new targets for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research of subsequent cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia in Orthopaedic Surgery of Elderly Patients
Authors: Li Wei , Fan Yingming , Chen Wanghao
Published: October 2022

Objective. Combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA) is applied to lower limb orthopaedic surgery in the elderly. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of CSEA in orthopaedic surgery of elderly patients. Methods. A total of 40 elderly patients with femoral fracture needing hip replacement or femoral head replacement in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected as the research objects. The subjects were divided into observation group (

n
=
20

) and control group (

n
=
20

) by random number table method. The control group was given epidural anesthesia, while the observation group was given CSEA. Hemodynamic indexes (heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score changes, anesthetic effects, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results. After operation, the observation group had lower HR and MAP values than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The dosage of local anesthetics in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The onset time and improvement time of sensory block in the observation group were significantly faster than those in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The observation group had a lower VAS score than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). There was no significant difference in Bromage score or incidence of complications between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. The use of CSEA has good anesthetic effect. It has the disadvantage of no headache after traditional spinal anesthesia, is not limited by time, and can be used for postoperative analgesia, which is more suitable for the anesthesia of lower limb orthopaedic surgery in the elderly.
On the Willingness of Fujian Farmers to Sell Agricultural Products by Means of New Media from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization: Analysis Model Design Based on Programmed Grounded Theory
Authors: Lin Li , Zhou Xiong , Zhang Shenghua , Fan Jinwang
Published: October 2022

In the post-epidemic era, it is difficult for farmers to sell agricultural products offline due to their characteristics, and farmers once again fall into the situation of “difficult sales.” New media marketing of agricultural products, as an emerging form conforming to the trend of the times, not only increases farmers’ income but also promotes industrial integration and development. However, as this model is still in the early stage of development, a large number of farmers are not willing to transform the traditional sales channels into new media marketing for agricultural product sales. In this study, the interview data of 76 new-type professional farmers in Fujian were analyzed by three-level coding based on programmed grounded theory. It is found that core factors, and macro- and microfactors such as farmers’ characteristics and sales situation will affect farmers’ willingness to sell agricultural products through new media. Therefore, this study deeply explores the relationship between farmers’ willingness and various factors and puts forward three suggestions for solving the actual problems of agricultural product sales.
Component-Based Software Testing Method Based on Deep Adversarial Network
Authors: Fu Weiyu , Wang Lixia
Published: October 2022

With the continuous updating and application of software, the current problems in software are becoming more and more serious. Aiming at this phenomenon, the application and testing methods of componentized software based on deep adversarial networks are discussed. The experiments show that: (1) some of the software has a high fusion rate, reaching an astonishing 95% adaptability. The instability and greater potential of component-based software are solved through GAN and gray evaluation. With the evaluation system, people are dispelled. Trust degree. (2) According to the data in the graph and table, the deep learning adversarial network solves the vulnerability and closedness of the general network, and the built-in test method with experimental data reaching an average accuracy rate of 90% is the best test method for this system. With the deep learning adversarial network, the average test level of component-based software reaches level 7, which makes the new software industry of component-based software have a long way to go.
Exponential Dichotomy of the Two‐Dimensional Linear Differential System
Authors: Hua Ni , Jing Wang , Min Bai
Published: October 2022

This paper deals with a class of two‐dimensional linear differential systems with periodic coefficients. A sufficient condition for the exponential dichotomy of the linear system is given by the fixed point theorem and variable substitution, and some new results are obtained.
Optimization of Dual Coating Using Electroless Ni‐P‐Nano‐TiO2 and Plasma Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia on Piston Crown and Cylinder Liner in CI Engine
Authors: Shaisundaram V. S. , Balambica V. , Sendil Kumar D. , Nithish S. , Chandrasekaran M. , Shanmugam Mohanraj , Likassa Dabala Misgana
Published: October 2022

Most of the automobile engine components are made up of cast iron because of its low cost, damping characteristics, castability, and commercial considerations. In modern days, the blended biodiesels are introduced into the CI engine to reduce the usage of petroleum fuels. The following problems are identified in utilizing the biodiesels, they are lower efficiency, power, wear in the engine cylinder and piston crowns, more emission from the exhaust, and performance. To overcome the wear problem in cylinder liner and piston crown, the dual coating is developed using electroless coating and plasma spray coating, and this deposit acts as a thermal barrier to the engine. The electroless Ni‐P‐TiO2 composite coating process parameters are optimized using the Taguchi technique with multiresponse grey relational analysis. The plasma spray coating is developed over electroless Ni‐P coating using Yttria‐stabilized Zirconia for the total thickness of 2 mm. The coated components are installed in the CI engine for further testing and analysis. The morphology of the coated surfaces is tested using the scanning electron microscope. The optimization process used to improve the Ni‐P coating thickness, surface roughness, and thermal resistance of the engine components. Also, the performance and emissions in the engine are reduced significantly. The emission from the CI engine such as NOx, COx, and HC are reduced significantly. The emissions of CI engine such as NOx, CO2, CO, and HC of the noncoated engine shows higher, and EPSCE engine condition shows less pollution. The percentage of improvement in terms of emissions are 27%, 70%, 6.4%, and 21%, respectively. The performance is improved to 3% and 27.8%, respectively, for specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency.
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in the Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lu Huijuan , Shen Jun , Sun Jieqiong , Sun Jia
Published: October 2022

Background. Primary membranous nephropathy (MN), sometimes referred to as idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), is a kind of MN whose pathogenesis is yet unclear. According to research reports, the incidence of IMN is about 9.8–26.8%, and it is on the rise. Methods. The computer retrieves eight databases to obtain controlled trials at home and abroad on the rituximab (RTX) actions in IMN management. After a rigorous literature quality evaluation, software called RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Results. This meta-analysis finally contained 8 papers. They were all regarded as controlled trials. Six studies reported serum creatinine (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −6.87; 95% CI: −14.09, 0.35;P=0.062), ALB (SMD: 1.91; 95% CI: −0.31, 4.14;P=0.092), and adverse reactions (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.90;P<0.01), all of which were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.76;P<0.01) Conclusion. The overall effective rate, serum creatinine, adverse effects, and ALB of this trial indicate that RTX may be beneficial for individuals with IMN, but further high-quality research is required to confirm these findings.
MFG-E8 Exerts Neuroprotection in Neural Stem Cells Induced by Anesthetic Sevoflurane via Regulating the PI3K/AKT Pathways
Authors: Cai Minmin , Sheng Liufang
Published: October 2022

MFG-E8 has shown tissue protection effects in various models of organ injury. In this study, the function of MFG-E8 in SEV-induced neural stem cells (NSCs) was studied. The cell viability and apoptosis affected by rhMFG-E8 were tested by MTT and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Then, the mRNA expression of MFG-E8 was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of SOD, GSF-Px, and MDA was assessed using ELISA assay. Western blot analysis was applied for assessing the expression of MFG-E8, BCL2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3, GRP-78, XBP-1, ATF-6, ATF-4, CHOP, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, and AKT. The pharmacological experiments suggested that both mRNA and protein expression of MFG-E8 were significantly decreased after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment with SEV, and the Western blot results displayed that 50 and 100 μg/ml rhMFG-E8 could evidently promote the expression of MFG-E8 in NSCs induced by SEV. Next, rhMFG-E8 reduced the apoptosis of NSCs induced by SEV through upregulating Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulating Bax. Moreover, rhMFG-E8 alleviated the endoplasmic reticulum pressure of NSCs induced by SEV through decreasing the expression of GRP-78, XBP-1, ATF-6, ATF-4, and CHOP. In addition, the rhMFG-E8 could promote the expression of SOD and GSH-Px and inhibit the expression of MDA and LDH detected by the ELISA assay and LDH kit. Moreover, rhMFG-E8 elevated the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, which were inhibited by SEV in NSCs. The results of this project supported that rhMFG-E8 protects neural activity in neural stem cells induced by anesthetic sevoflurane via regulating the PI3K/AKT pathways.
Clinical Study on Blood Pressure Variability, Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Arteriosclerosis Index in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Treated with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine by Invigorating Kidney and Removing Blood Stasis
Authors: Wang Tianzhan , Liang Fang , Wang Yuxin , Huo Qingping , Wang Bing
Published: October 2022

Objective. To explore the clinical improvement in blood pressure variability, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and angiosclerosis index in patients with cerebral small vessel disease treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Methods. A randomized controlled study of patients with cerebral small vessel disease who were treated in our hospital from November 1, 2018, to January 31, 2022. The enrolled patients were randomized into 2 groups according to the random numbers: an observation group treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine and a control group treated with Western medicine only. Blood pressure variability, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and angiosclerosis index were compared between the two groups. Results. There were 71 qualified cases in the observation group and 58 qualified cases in the control group. Before treatment, the indicators between the two groups were comparable (

P
>
0.05

). After treatment, the mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly decreased (

P
<
0.05

); the decrease of 24hSBP-coefficient of variation (CV), daytime SBP (dSBP)-CV, 24hSBP-standard deviation (SD), and dSBP-SD in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group; the MoCA scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ((

P
<
0.05

); the ABI and PWV were significantly different between the two groups (

P
<
0.05

); TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C in observation group decreased after treatment, and HDL-C increased significantly (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment can further reduce the blood pressure variability, especially systolic blood pressure; improve the MoCA score and cognitive function, increase the ankle-brachial index, reduce pulse wave velocity and the degree of arteriosclerosis; and improve lipid metabolism a comprehensive intervention role.
Development of an Auxiliary Device for Patellar and Femoral Joint Tangential Axial Radiographic Imaging and a Method for Obtaining an Optimal Radiographic Image Using the Development
Authors: Rhee Do-Byung , Kim Hee-June , Kwon Deok-Mun , Kim Jung-Su , Choi Hyun-Woo , Kim Jong-Ki
Published: October 2022

This study evaluated the accuracy of tangential axial radiography of the patellar and femoral joint using an auxiliary device based on three image evaluation criteria, which we named the patellofemoral joint radiography auxiliary device (PJR). To compare the PJR method with conventional radiographic methods, such as Laurin, Merchant, and Settegast, a whole-body phantom (PBU-31) was used and three image evaluation items were set. The radiographic method, the smallest inclination of the patellar and showed the best half lateral image of the patella, is Settegast, and the measurement is 9.40. The second-best PJR measurement is 9.97, and the difference between the two measures is 5.76% (

p
=
0.001

). The radiographic method showing the image with the largest distance between the patellar and femoral joint space is PJR which a measurement is 12.35. The second best Merchant measure is 10.55, and the difference between the two measures is 14.54% (

p
=
0.001

). The method in which the two bones were well overlapped (i.e., evaluate the distortion of the image by measured as the distance between the femoral trochlear groove and the tibial tuberosity) is the PJR and the measurement is −0.37. The second-best Merchant measure is 3.93, and the difference between the two measures is 91.4% (

p
=
0.001

). The Settegast has the image with the smallest inclination of the patella, but the PJR has the image that best describes the patellar–femoral joint and the least distortion of the image. As a result of the comprehensive evaluation, when using PJR, bending the knee by 40° and setting a 140° angle between the long axis of the femur and the long axis of the lower leg were considered to be the most beneficial conditions. Therefore, we propose the use of PJR for tangential axial radiography of the patellar–femoral joint.
Application Research of Advanced Intelligent Big Data Analysis Based on Intelligent Sensor Network in the Design of Personalized Education Management System and the Construction of Innovation System
Authors: Deng Jiangping , He Jianni , Duan Xuanfeng , Liu Yang
Published: October 2022

With the continuous innovation and development of information technology and communication technology, human beings have entered a huge data center. In terms of big data, in-depth discussion on the in-depth application of big data is the current situation and development direction. Based on the intelligent sensor network, this paper conducts theoretical and empirical analysis combined with the application of individualized teaching in teaching and provides some reference opinions for the future development of individual pedagogy. On the basis of the research, the meaning of big data is explained from multiple perspectives. In the empirical research part, based on big data, based on real big data, and using relevant technologies in data mining, the relevance of each training program is analyzed. Mining was carried out using the FP-Growth method to analyze the correlation of each training scheme and optimize the FP-Growth method accordingly. The results of this experiment show that the use of big data can not only help teachers understand their students’ daily life, study habits, and consumption records but also make teachers’ work more dynamic, early warning, and subsidized. The research results are of great significance for guiding colleges and universities to formulate educational programs that are beneficial to students’ development, keep pace with the times, and cultivate modern educational technicians with modern significance.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Elbow
Authors: Afana Hatem B. , Nau Thomas
Published: October 2022

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disorder of synovium that surrounds the joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. The elbow is rarely affected, making it difficult to establish treatment guidelines. This article relates on a case of a male patient who presented with elbow pain and decreased range of motion. Diagnosis was established with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy, followed by arthroscopic removal and synovectomy. The patient was pain free shortly after surgery and gained free range of motion after six weeks. At the most recent follow-up after six months, he remained clinically well. The most recent MRI did not reveal any recurrence.
Building an Open Sharing Platform for ELT Courses: The Example of MOOC Network
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Yitian
Published: October 2022

English language teaching (ELT) has become an essential and indispensable part of primary education in today’s increasingly frequent international exchanges, and MOOC, as a massive online teaching model integrating content and learning support services, is leading a pedagogical transformation, providing a historic opportunity to build an open sharing platform for ELT. However, developing an open sharing platform around MOOC networks is still challenging, especially for English courses, where various course designs significantly increase the difficulty of tracking students’ learning status. Therefore, we introduce RNN-based sequence-to-sequence knowledge tracing models as the software foundation of the shared platform. The transformer model is further chosen to simulate students’ historical learning trajectories to solve the problem of long-term dependency in traditional models. The research results have important theoretical and practical implications for building an open sharing platform for ELT courses.