bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated radiosynthesis of pharmaceutical grade [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Lys40-Exendin-4 and demonstration of its efficacy for use in patients
Authors: Menon Sreeja Raj , Mitra Arpit , Chakraborty Avik , Kamaldeep  , Sahu Sudeep , Tawate Megha , Lad Sangita , Rakshit Sutapa , Upadhye Trupti , Ray Mukti Kanta , Banerjee Sharmila
Published: June 2024

The radiosynthesis of pharmaceutical grade [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Lys40-Exendin-4 was accomplished in a fixed tubing-based module, EZ Modular-Lab Standard. Purification of the product via hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge, yielded satisfactory results with radiochemical purity  > 98%. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) with 50 µg of Exendin-4[Lys40(NODAGA)] was (78.7 ± 0.8)%, which, by far, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest RCY reported till date, using an automated synthesizer. The quality control parameters were in accordance with that of gallium (68Ga) Edotreotide® Injections, featuring in the European Pharmacopoeia. Pre-clinical dosimetry studies in animal models, with co-administration of kidney protectant, demonstrates promising potential of the product towards clinical translation to insulinoma patients.

Graphical abstract
68Ge/68Ga composite CeO2-PAN generator: preparation, testing and use
Authors: Ondrák Fialová Kateřina , Adámek Kryštof , Kroftová Kristýna , Vlk Martin , Šebesta Ferdinand , Kozempel Ján
Published: June 2024

This work is focused on the testing of a new 68Ge/68Ga radionuclide generator based on cerium dioxide in polyacrylonitrile beads. During an 18-month period, parameters of elution were monitored, and basic radiolabelling studies were carried out. As current commercial solutions deal with high elution volume and low long-term stability, the constructed system offers several improvements. The composite sorbent provides uniformity of active component dispersion and high capacity for 68Ge. It enables minimal elution volume without fractionation (up to 1.8 mL) and stability of 68Ge breakthrough (under 0.001%) after initial period of wash-out and low cerium leakage (under 5 ppm).
Ice regimes, ice jams, and a changing hydroclimate, Saint John (Wolastoq) River, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Newton Brent , Beltaos Spyros , Burrell Brian C.
Published: June 2024

Ice formation, growth, and breakup along the Saint John River (SJR) affects its hydraulic and ecological regimes and leads to the potential for ice jamming that has caused severe flooding and ice runs resulting in loss of life, property damage, and loss of, or damage to, infrastructure. A synopsis of ice regimes and ice jamming along the SJR from Dickey, Maine, USA to Woodstock, New Brunswick, Canada is summarized in this paper. Trends in relevant hydroclimatic variables such as monthly mean air temperature (December to April), total winter snow (December to March), length of the ice season, rainfall, and monthly mean and peak winter and spring flows are discussed. Projections of future ice regimes under a changing climate are provided, with anticipated changes in the ice regime of the SJR explained in the wider context of changes to the cryosphere.
A Strategy for Designing a Research Project Using Critical Systems Heuristics: A Research Design Addressing Data Analytics Students’ Employability
Authors: Coetzee Wilma , Goede Roelien
Published: June 2024

Today’s complex problems require exceptional problem-solvers. Examples include global warming that devastates the climate and food production, and government incompetence and corruption that affect crime, service delivery, and inflation. These issues involve intricate systems where changes to one element can impact others. People with outstanding skills are needed to solve such problems. They have to consider the complications and relationships among the constituent parts and the likely outcomes of planned modifications. These problem-solvers need to be curious, courageous, strategic, big-picture thinkers. They are naturally in high demand by the industry, but how can they be developed? The objective of the study reported here is to propose and demonstrate a flexible framework for the purpose, which can be used by both industry and academia. The framework combines critical systems thinking – in particular, critical systems heuristics – and action research in a cyclical manner. It facilitates the inclusion of multiple perspectives, consideration of subsystems’ mutual effects and the critical reflection of normative assumptions made. The problem-solver is guided to “zoom out” to see the big picture and then “zoom in” to understand the details. This cycle is repeated to generate creative solutions. The framework is demonstrated by showing how to plan research to improve the employability of data analytics students. The framework is a versatile tool. It aids research planning and industry problem-solving and can be used to teach problem-solving skills and critical thinking. It places a valuable tool in the hands of researchers, educators and industry to take on the numerous challenges of our century.
Is the fine-tuning evidence for a multiverse?
Authors: Goff Philip
Published: June 2024

Our best current science seems to suggest the laws of physics and the initial conditions of our universe are fine-tuned for the possibility of life. A significant number of scientists and philosophers believe that the fine-tuning is evidence for the multiverse hypothesis. This paper will focus on a much-discussed objection to the inference from the fine-tuning to the multiverse: the charge that this line of reasoning commits the inverse gambler’s fallacy. Despite the existence of a literature going back decades, this philosophical debate has made little contact with scientific discussion of fine-tuning and the multiverse, which mainly revolves around a specific form of the multiverse hypothesis rooted in eternal inflation combined with string theory. Because of this, potentially important implications from science to philosophy, and vice versa, have been left underexplored. In this paper, I will take a first step at joining up these two discussions, by arguing that attention to the eternal inflation + string theory conception of the multiverse supports the inverse gambler’s fallacy charge. It does this by supporting the idea that our universe is contingently fine-tuned, thus addressing the concern that proponents of the inverse gambler’s fallacy charge have assumed this without argument.
Stated patient preferences for overnight at-home diagnostic assessment of sleep disorders
Authors: Braun Marcel , Dietz-Terjung S , Sommer U , Schoebel C , Heiser C
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The diagnostic workup for assessment of sleep disorders commonly involves overnight testing to assess sleep patterns and pathological events. So far, little is known about preferences for provision of home sleep tests to patients with sleep disorders. This study aims to close this gap by eliciting preferences for home sleep testing using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Methods

A DCE with seven attributes of at-home sleep testing and three levels per attribute was developed using a fractional factorial design. Patients with and without previous sleep testing experience were recruited from two large sleep centers in Germany. Coefficients for attribute levels were calculated using a conditional logit model to estimate their influence on choice decisions and calculate the relative importance of each attribute.

Results

305 patients (54.5 ± 13,1 years, 65.3% male) were enrolled, and 288 surveys with complete data included for analysis. Attributes with greatest relevance were Waiting time to discuss sleep study results; Waiting time to conduct sleep study, and Sleep quality during measurement. Of lowest importance was Diagnostic accuracy of sleep study, followed by Effort to apply sleep study device. Significant heterogeneity in choice behavior was found, including differences by gender, willingness-to-pay for sleep studies, and previous experience with sleep studies. Preferred location for conducting sleep testing was at-home in 50.7% and in-lab in 46.9%.

Conclusions

Preferences and relative importance of home sleep test attributes vary among different subgroups. Considering those preferences can be important for clinicians and policymakers when designing care pathways and planning of testing policies for sleep disorders.
Gate-to-grave assessment of plastic from recycling to manufacturing of TENG: a comparison between India and Singapore
Authors: Sharma Shreya , Lai Wei Liang , Roy Sunanda , Maji Pradip Kumar , Ramakrishna Seeram , Goh Kheng Lim
Published: June 2024

This study assesses the viability of recycled plastic-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for sustainable energy harvesting in India and Singapore, concurrently examining plastic waste management. Using material flow analysis and life cycle assessment, the findings revealed that in Singapore, waste-to-energy incineration has a lower environmental impact than landfilling and mechanical recycling, attributed to natural gas usage. In India, recycling offsets impacts from incineration and landfilling, contributing to a lower net environmental impact. Economic performance of a TENG module from PET recyclates showed a 20% carbon footprint reduction when scaling up from lab to industrial “freeze-drying” processes. Key challenges in TENG manufacturing processes are also assessed for future development. This research highlights the potential of recycled plastic-based TENGs in sustainable energy and waste management.
The neurovascular unit and its correlation with cognitive performance in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a canonical correlation analysis approach
Authors: van Dinther Maud , Voorter Paulien H. M. , Zhang Eleana , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Backes Walter H. , Staals Julie
Published: June 2024

Growing evidence indicates an important role of neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction in the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Individually measurable functions of the NVU have been correlated with cognitive function, but a combined analysis is lacking. We aimed to perform a unified analysis of NVU function and its relation with cognitive performance. The relationship between NVU function in the white matter and cognitive performance (both latent variables composed of multiple measurable variables) was investigated in 73 patients with cSVD (mean age 70 ± 10 years, 41% women) using canonical correlation analysis. MRI-based NVU function measures included (1) the intravoxel incoherent motion derived perfusion volume fraction (f) and microvascular diffusivity (D*), reflecting cerebral microvascular flow; (2) the IVIM derived intermediate volume fraction (fint), indicative of the perivascular clearance system; and (3) the dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI derived blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage rate (Ki) and leakage volume fraction (VL), reflecting BBB integrity. Cognitive performance was composed of 13 cognitive test scores. Canonical correlation analysis revealed a strong correlation between the latent variables NVU function and cognitive performance (r 0.73; p = 0.02). For the NVU, the dominating variables were D*, fint, and Ki. Cognitive performance was driven by multiple cognitive tests comprising different cognitive domains. The functionality of the NVU is correlated with cognitive performance in cSVD. Instead of focusing on individual pathophysiological mechanisms, future studies should target NVU dysfunction as a whole to acquire a coherent understanding of the complex disease mechanisms that occur in the NVU in cSVD.

Trial registration: NTR3786 (Dutch Trial Register).
Primary Versus Revisional Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in Patients with a Body Mass Index ≥ 50 kg/m2—90-Day Outcomes and Risk of Perioperative Mortality
Authors: Abu-Abeid Adam , Dvir Nadav , Lessing Yonatan , Eldar Shai Meron , Lahat Guy , Keidar Andrei , Yuval Jonathan Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Background

Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) is an effective treatment for patients with severe obesity. Patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and patients undergoing revisional surgery have a higher rate of major complications. This study purpose is to evaluate perioperative outcomes of patients with BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 undergoing BMS between 2015 and 2023 was conducted. A comparative analysis was performed between patients undergoing primary versus revisional surgery.

Results

A total of 263 patients were included in the study. Primary procedures were performed in 220 patients (83.7%) and revisional procedures in 43 patients (16.3%). BMS included one anastomosis gastric bypass (n = 183), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 63), and other procedures (n = 17). Mean BMI was 54.6 with no difference between groups. There was no difference in baseline characteristics except the revisional group was older (44.8 ± 9.6 versus 39 ± 13 years; p = 0.006), had higher rates of gastroesophageal reflux disease (21% vs 7.3%; p = 0.005), and fatty liver disease (74% vs 55%; p = 0.02). There was perioperative mortality in three cases (1.1%) with no significant difference between groups. Leak rates were higher, and length of stay (LOS) was longer in the revisional group (4.6% vs 0.45%; p = 0.018 and 2.9 vs 3.7; p = 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion

Revisional BMS in patients with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 is associated with increased leak rates and LOS. Mortality rate is 1.1% and is insignificantly different between groups. Further prospective and large-scale studies are needed to clarify the optimal surgical approach to patients with extreme BMI including revisional surgery.

Graphical Abstract
Dyslexia in the twenty-first century: a commentary on the IDA definition of dyslexia
Authors: Elliott Julian G. , Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: June 2024

In offering a commentary upon the IDA definition, we address its main components in turn. While each is technically accurate, we argue that, when taken together, the definition, or more accurately, the use to which it is often put, becomes problematic. We outline different current conceptions of dyslexia and conclude that the operationalisation of the definition for diagnostic purposes often results in scientifically questionable diagnoses and inadvertently leads to significant educational inequity. We propose a simpler definition that describes the primary difficulty, avoids reference to causal explanation, unexpectedness, and secondary outcomes, and redirects practitioner and policymaker focus to the importance of addressing and meeting the needs of all struggling readers.
Analysis of T follicular and T peripheral helper lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Sánchez-Gutiérrez Raquel , Martínez-Hernández Rebeca , Serrano-Somavilla Ana , Sampedro-Nuñez Miguel , Mendoza-Pérez Alejandra , de Nova José Luis Muñoz , Vitales-Noyola Marlen , González-Amaro Roberto , Marazuela Mónica
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Peripheral helper T (Tph) cells have an important role in the induction of humoral immune responses and autoantibody production. Accordingly, it is feasible that this lymphocyte subset has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this study we aim to analyze the levels and function of Tph cells in blood samples from patients with AITD.

Methods

We performed an observational study with cases and controls. Blood samples were obtained from nineteen patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), twenty-four with Graves’ disease (GD), and fifteen healthy controls. In addition, the levels of follicular T helper (Tfh) cells and Tph cells, the release of interleukin-21 (IL-21) by these lymphocytes and the number of plasmablasts were analyzed by multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses.

Results

Increased percentages of Tfh and Tph lymphocytes were detected in patients with HT and GD. Furthermore, an enhanced synthesis of the cytokine IL-21 by these cells was observed. Accordingly, we detected significant higher percentages of plasmablasts in patients with GD, and these values tended to be also higher in HT patients. Moreover, significant positive associations were observed between the levels of Tfh or Tph and the number of plasmablast or anti-TSHR Ab titers in patients with AITD.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that Tph lymphocytes may have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of AITD.
Human Male Body Size Predicts Increased Knockout Power, Which Is Accurately Tracked by Conspecific Judgments of Male Dominance
Authors: Caton Neil R. , Brown Lachlan M. , Zhao Amy A. Z. , Dixson Barnaby J. W.
Published: June 2024

Humans have undergone a long evolutionary history of violent agonistic exchanges, which would have placed selective pressures on greater body size and the psychophysical systems that detect them. The present work showed that greater body size in humans predicted increased knockout power during combative contests (Study 1a-1b: total N = 5,866; Study 2: N = 44 openweight fights). In agonistic exchanges reflective of ancestral size asymmetries, heavier combatants were 200% more likely to win against their lighter counterparts because they were 200% more likely to knock them out (Study 2). Human dominance judgments (total N = 500 MTurkers) accurately tracked the frequency with which men (N = 516) knocked out similar-sized adversaries (Study 3). Humans were able to directly perceive a man’s knockout power because they were attending to cues of a man’s body size. Human dominance judgments—which are important across numerous psychological domains, including attractiveness, leadership, and legal decision-making—accurately predict the likelihood with which a potential mate, ally, or rival can incapacitate their adversaries.
Drawing in the depths: spatial organization patterns related to Magdalenian cave art
Authors: Intxaurbe Iñaki , Garate Diego , Arriolabengoa Martin
Published: June 2024

The creation of rock art in the deep areas of caves was one of the most unique symbolic activities of Magdalenian societies in southwestern Europe between 13.5 and 21 thousand years ago. Previous research has suggested that these works of art were not placed in caves at random but rather their location corresponds to a pre-established structure. However, despite the suggestive idea of pre-planning the decoration of the endokarst, it is challenging to demonstrate the relationship between different works and between them and their immediate spatial context due to the lack of common objective criteria. In this study, we have examined the iconographic and spatial characteristics of 500 Magdalenian graphic units in nine caves in the Cantabrian and Pyrenees mountain ranges (southwestern Europe) to identify patterns of graphic construction based on their cave location. We designed a workflow that includes geomorphological analysis for a virtual reconstruction of the state of the caves during the Magdalenian, analysis of graphic units (GU) through geographic information systems (GIS) using a Python script, and multivariate statistical study of the spatial and iconographic parameters of these figures. This has allowed us to identify different groups of figures: some were specifically created to be seen, using various techniques and selecting locations with good visibility, accessibility, or capacity to accommodate people, while others sought the opposite. There is also a correlation between the techniques used and their location in caves, perhaps aiming for resource economization. These data support the existence of different uses for the deep sectors of caves during the Magdalenian period.
Devonian palaeoenvironmental dynamics in Colombia: An integrated sedimentological and geochemical exploration
Authors: Pastor-Chacón Andrés , Velasquez Diego , Sarmiento Gustavo , Parra Pedro
Published: June 2024

During the Devonian Period, many marine basins around the world reflected remarkably high global sea levels. In this context, the Devonian depocentres in northwestern South America offer a perspective on basin dynamics due to their distinct sedimentation and relatively low-deposition rates. This multidisciplinary study aims to understand these processes by characterising a well-preserved late Emsian-early Frasnian section in Colombia’s Floresta Massif. We integrated facies analysis, lithogeochemistry, and organic geochemistry to gain insights into the depositional systems shaping the basin's sedimentary architecture. We recognised five facies associations, corresponding to mixed transgressive platform environments with a predominance of siliciclastic and storm influence, gradually evolving into terrestrial environments. The depositional processes and geochemical proxies indicate conditions favourable to the proliferation of planktonic organisms, including water circulation, weathering, adequate salinity, nutrients, temperature, productivity, and low water turbidity. In this scenario, we observed thin, limited intervals exhibiting minimal influence from oxidation-reduction processes, whereas the overall sedimentary environment presents challenges for organic matter preservation, impacting its distribution and quality. The vertical stacking pattern analysis identified small cycles (less than 0.5m thick) and much larger-scale cycles (200–300 m thick) throughout the succession, which show alternations between transgressive and regressive phases. Additionally, the sedimentary input to the basin, while generally stable and not notably low (ca. 0.23 m/Ma), reveals subtle variations in sedimentation rates. These variations are evidenced by cycles with varying thicknesses and sedimentary condensation, aligning with global-sea level curves and previous tectonic models, suggesting the influence of a waning arc with restrained magmatic activity on the Colombian Devonian marine basin. By uncovering the unique sedimentation patterns and depositional environments of this region, we contribute valuable knowledge to the broader study of basin dynamics. While recognising the preliminary nature of the descriptions provided in the present study, our insights shed light on the complex processes shaping sedimentary systems, emphasising the need for further detailed investigations into the timing of Devonian events and cycles.
The Trans-facial Approach for Simultaneous Resection and Reconstruction of Retromolar Trigone Tumors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Bavaskar Manasi , Sharin Florida , Singhavi Hitesh , Shetty Rathan , Joshi Poonam , Nair Sudhir
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Early retromolar trigone (RMT) lesions are difficult to access and free tissue transfer is often an overkill for such small lesions. The aim was to devise a novel surgical approach that would aid the resection without raising a cheek flap and simultaneously provide a local reconstructive option for small lesions in the RMT.

Methodology

This study was to demonstrate the outcomes of the “trans-facial” approach used to simultaneously access and reconstruct small RMT tumors through an islanded nasolabial flap. Patients with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of RMT requiring surgery were included from January 2021 to September 2022. Case selection was done based on the location of the disease and its size (cT1/T2). All needed bone and soft tissue resection via per oral trans-facial approach, along with an ipsilateral neck dissection. The technique is described along with their post-operative and pathologic outcomes.

Results

Out of the eight patients included in this study, six underwent a bi-alveolar marginal resection and reconstructed using the trans-facial approach. No major complications were noted in the post-operative period. 50% were pT1 tumors and 75% were pN0 status. One patient had a close margin; while, the others had adequate resection margins. All patients were followed up for a median of 18 months with a locoregionally controlled status.

Conclusion

The trans-facial approach can be a suitable option with a reasonable oncologic outcome to address small RMT lesions.
Multiple-Population Discrete-Time Mean Field Games with Discounted and Total Payoffs: Approximation of Games with Finite Populations
Authors: Więcek Piotr
Published: June 2024

In the paper we present a model of discrete-time mean-field game with multiple populations of players. Its main result shows that the equilibria obtained for the mean-field limit are approximate Markov–Nash equilibria for n-person counterparts of these mean-field games when the number of players in each population is large enough. We consider two payoff criteria: $$\beta $$
β
-discounted payoff and total payoff. The existence of mean-field equilibria for games with both payoffs has been proven in our previous article, hence, the theorems presented here show in fact the existence of approximate equilibria in certain classes of stochastic games with large finite numbers of players. The results are provided under some rather general assumptions on one-step reward functions and individual transition kernels of the players. In addition, the results for total payoff case, when applied to a single population, extend the theory of mean-field games also by relaxing some strong assumptions used in the existing literature.
Social and Structural Determinants of Health and Social Injustices Contributing to Obesity Disparities
Authors: Williams Michelle S. , McKinney Sheila J. , Cheskin Lawrence J.
Published: June 2024

Purpose of Review

To analyze how social and structural determinants of health and social injustice impact the risk of obesity, its treatment and treatment outcomes, and to explore the implications for prevention and future treatment interventions.

Recent Findings

Racial and ethnic minorities, such as non-Hispanic Black adults and Hispanic adults, and adults with a low socioeconomic status have a greater risk of obesity than non-Hispanic white adults and adults with a high socioeconomic status. The underlying causes of obesity disparities include obesogenic neighborhood environments, inequities in access to obesity treatment, and lack of access to affordable nutrient-dense foods. Experts have called for interventions that address the social and structural determinants of obesity disparities. Population-based interventions that focus on improving neighborhood conditions, discouraging the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages, expanding access to obesity treatment, and ensuring equitable access to fruits and vegetables have been proven to be effective.

There is a growing body of evidence that shows the relationship between social and structural determinants of health and injustice on disparities in obesity among racial and ethnic minorities and individuals with a low SES. Population-based, equity-focused interventions that address the underlying causes of obesity disparities are needed to reduce obesity disparities and improve the health outcomes of minoritized and marginalized groups.
Global existence and stability results for a time-fractional diffusion equation with variable exponents
Authors: Aruchamy Akilandeeswari , Rayappan Saranya , Natarajan Annapoorani
Published: June 2024

This paper aims to study the existence and stability results concerning a fractional partial differential equation with variable exponent source functions. The local existence result for $$\alpha \in (0,1)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

is established with the help of the $$\alpha $$
α
-resolvent kernel and the Schauder-fixed point theorem. The non-continuation theorem is proved by the fixed point technique and accordingly the global existence of solution is achieved. The uniqueness of the solution is obtained using the contraction principle and the stability results are discussed by means of Ulam-Hyers and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability concepts via the Picard operator. Examples are provided to illustrate the results.
Effect of TPMS reinforcement on the mechanical properties of aluminium–alumina interpenetrating phase composites
Authors: Santos S. , Matos C. , Duarte I. , Olhero S. M. , Miranda G.
Published: June 2024

Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS)-based aluminium–alumina Interpenetrating Phase Composites (IPCs) manufactured through the combination of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and investment casting are explored in this study. Multiple alumina TPMS structures (Gyroid, Diamond, and Primitive) with different geometries and volume fractions were designed and fabricated using Digital Light Processing (DLP) AM technology. Afterwards, these ceramic structures were filled with an aluminium alloy via investment casting, uncovering an aluminium–alumina IPCs. A global characterization was performed, including ceramics shrinkage and mass loss; specimens’ morphology; chemical and crystalline characterization; density analysis and mechanical testing. Overall, DLP technology was found effective for producing these highly complex ceramic structures, with high surface quality. The sintered alumina structures presented a relative density of ca. 76.3% and a pseudo-ductile layer-by-layer failure behaviour, with Diamond-based TPMS exhibiting the highest compressive strength. Regarding the IPCs, the addition of aluminium significantly changed the compressive behaviour of the samples, presenting an energy absorption behaviour. The integration of the alumina phase into the aluminium alloy led to an improvement on the compressive offset stress of approximately 6% when compared to the aluminium alloy used. Diamond and Gyroid IPCs demonstrated similar mechanical behaviour and the highest mechanical performance.

Graphical Abstract
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived Ethics regarding the use of ChatGPT among generation Z university students
Authors: Acosta-Enriquez Benicio Gonzalo , Arbulú Ballesteros Marco Agustín , Arbulu Perez Vargas Carmen Graciela , Orellana Ulloa Milca Naara , Gutiérrez Ulloa Cristian Raymound , Pizarro Romero Johanna Micaela , Gutiérrez Jaramillo Néstor Daniel , Cuenca Orellana Héctor Ulises , Ayala Anzoátegui Diego Xavier , López Roca Carlos
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into higher education (HE), offering numerous benefits and transforming teaching and learning. Since its launch, ChatGPT has become the most popular learning model among Generation Z college students in HE. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, concerns, attitudes, and ethics of using ChatGPT among Generation Z college students in HE in Peru. An online survey was administered to 201 HE students with prior experience using the ChatGPT for academic activities. Two of the six proposed hypotheses were confirmed: Perceived Ethics (B = 0.856) and Student Concerns (B = 0.802). The findings suggest that HE students’ knowledge and positive attitudes toward ChatGPT do not guarantee its effective adoption and use. It is important to investigate how attitudes of optimism, skepticism, or apathy toward AI develop and how these attitudes influence the intention to use technologies such as the ChatGPT in HE settings. The dependence on ChatGPT raises ethical concerns that must be addressed with responsible use programs in HE. No sex or age differences were found in the relationship between the use of ChatGPTs and perceived ethics among HE students. However, further studies with diverse HE samples are needed to determine this relationship. To promote the ethical use of the ChatGPT in HE, institutions must develop comprehensive training programs, guidelines, and policies that address issues such as academic integrity, privacy, and misinformation. These initiatives should aim to educate students and university teachers on the responsible use of ChatGPT and other AI-based tools, fostering a culture of ethical adoption of AI to leverage its benefits and mitigate its potential risks, such as a lack of academic integrity.
Introducing the double validation metric for radar sensor models
Authors: Elster Lukas , Rosenberger Philipp , Holder Martin , Mori Ken , Staab Jan , Peters Steven
Published: June 2024

In automated vehicles, environment perception is performed by various sensor types, such as cameras, radars, lidars, and ultrasonics. Simulation models of these sensors, as required in virtual validation methods, are available in various degrees of detail. However, proving the validity of such models is a subject of research. New metrics and methods for credibility assessment of simulation are needed to standardize the validation process in the future. The so-called double validation metric (DVM) has shown advantages and allows an intuitive interpretability of the validation results. The DVM has so far only been applied to lidar sensor models. In this paper, an extension to the DVM is introduced, which is called the DVM Map. A static measurement scenario is conducted in reality and transferred into simulation. The novel method is demonstrated on the obtained real and simulated radar sensor data. In this simple scenario special focus is put on the position accuracy of GNSS reference sensors. Therefore, their impact on the result of sensor model validation is discussed. The paper shows that the method provides a more detailed and accurate validation in comparison to the state of the art of a radar simulation, revealing previously undetected simulation errors. Errors due to the environment model, signal propagation, and signal processing are separated and satellite imagery is used for intuitive visualization of the results. This method is a complementary tool to existing validation techniques to improve the interpretability and judging the trustworthiness of radar simulations.
Challenges related to transitioning from hospital to temporary care at a skilled nursing facility: a descriptive study
Authors: Ravn-Nielsen Lene Vestergaard , Bjørk Emma , Nielsen Marianne , Galsgaard Stine , Pottegård Anton , Lundby Carina
Published: June 2024

Purpose

With decreasing number of hospital beds, more citizens are discharged to temporary care at skilled nursing facilities, requiring increasingly complex care in a non-hospital setting. We mapped challenges related to the transition of citizens from hospital to temporary care at a skilled nursing facility in relation to medication management, responsibility of medical treatment, and communication.

Methods

Descriptive study of citizens discharged from Odense University Hospital to temporary care from May 2022 to March 2023.

Results

We included 209 citizens (53% women, median age 81 years). Most citizens (97%; n = 109/112) had their medication changed during hospital admission. Citizens used a median of eight medications, including risk medications (96%, n = 108). Medication-related challenges occurred for 37% (n = 77) of citizens and most often concerned missing alignment of medication records. Half of citizens (47%, n = 99) moved into temporary care with all medication needed for further dispensing. Nurses conducted in median three telephone calls (interquartile range [IQR 1–4]) and sent in median two correspondences (IQR 1–3) per citizen within the first 5 days. Nurses most often called the hospital physician (41% of telephone calls, n = 265/643) and sent correspondences to the general practitioner (55% of correspondences, n = 257/469). For 31% (n = 29/95) of citizens requiring action from nursing staff, this could have been avoided if the nurses had had access to the discharge letter.

Conclusion

We identified several challenges related to the transition of patients from hospital to temporary care, most often related to medication. A third of actions related to medication management were considered avoidable with improved practices around communication.
Individualized Educational Planning for Children and Adolescents in Residential and Semi-Residential Care Settings: A Participatory and Evaluation Model of Educational Intervention
Authors: Bastianoni Paola , Ronga Gisele
Published: June 2024

The research presented in this paper proposes a model of individualized educational planning (IEP) for children and adolescents. This model will be implemented as a mobile device application to be utilized, both, in residential and semi-residential care settings by caregivers. The development of this tool is part of a multi-decade national observation and research program that continues to this day. Through the utilization of this tool, the program pursues two main strongly interconnected objectives. Firstly, the program aims to encourage children and adolescents to participate and to be heard in the process of co-constructing individual educational plans in residential and semi-residential settings. Additionally, it seeks to stabilize the process of assessing the quality of care provided by caregivers in such settings. Following a description of the reasons for choosing this model of an individualized education project, as well as the methodological requirements for the use of this tool on a substantive and non-formal basis, we outlined how these features may be used to achieve these objectives.
A case study on more recent heat wave occurred in South Africa, based on background weather synoptic and dynamic characteristics analysis
Authors: Fazel-Rastgar Farahnaz , Sivakumar Venkataraman
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the characteristics of the more recent heat wave episode in South Africa during January 2023. The evaluation of several meteorological parameters using different reanalysis models and observational datasets have demonstrated that the domination of the anticyclonic pattern over the study area associated with a omega-blocking high. The dominant subtropical Botswana subtropical high along with the low-level omega blocking high pressure over South Africa is one of the main factors for the abnormally hot weather event. The upper-level anomaly wind analysis illustrates the weakening of the zonal wind accompanied by the Rossby waves meridionally stretching. Also, this is correlated to abnormal both tropical easterly and southern westerly jets meandering around an omega-blocking pattern weather system over South Africa which causes warm air mass trapping over the study region. The outcome model results prove the anomalies of the surface higher temperature happened close to the center of the blocking high, where an intensified southward shift of the easterly tropical jet along with the northward shift (jet entrance) of an intensified westerly jet formed two strong cores creating confluent. This research also shows that the January heat wave is demonstrated by an anomalous upper tropospheric anticyclonic inflow (southern hemisphere) causing the strong subsidence, resulting in the surface temperature increase. In comparison with the heat wave event in January 2016, the current study displays the high impact of the internal and local dynamical processes. Also, the current case study addressed in drier condition with less health risk than the previous case study noticed in 2016.
Computing Optimal Mitigation Plans for Force-Majeure Scenarios in Dynamic Manufacturing Chains
Authors: Ackermann Heiner , Diessel Erik , Helmling Michael , Jami Neil , Münch Johanna
Published: June 2024

We consider force-majeure supply disruptions in a dynamic, multi-product manufacturing supply chain with time-dependent parameters. We present a linear programming model that captures a specific force-majeure scenario with respect to several objective functions that can be combined in a multi-objective framework, e.g., minimization of loss, maximization of shortage-free time, or prioritization of mitigation types. Solving this model yields an optimal mitigation plan that describes how to best (re-)allocate supply and production operations. Supported mitigation options include plant-side safety stock, supplier-side inventories, and additional production thus reflecting the manufacturing setting of a large-scale industrial player. We describe a workflow for increasing the resilience of supply chains based on risk profiles generated by our approach.
Lithium ionic conductivity and structural studies of NASICON structured Li0.4Sr0.3Zr0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3
Authors: Siddiqui Saiqua , Singh Divyanshu , Singh Brajendra
Published: June 2024

Stable solid electrolytes have been the subject of intense research due to the growing demand for energy storage and portable energy sources in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. Sodium (NA) super (S) ionic (I) conductor (CON) abbreviated as NASICON are suitable for use as solid electrolytes due to their excellent ionic conductivity and chemical stability. We have reported the effect of partial doping of Sr at Li and Zr4+ at Ti4+ position on the structure and ionic conductivity of composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti2(PO4)3 (LSTP). The composition with formula Li0.4Sr0.3Ti2−xZrx(PO4)3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 2.0) were prepared by solid state reaction method. The phase and crystal structure were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The compositions were in rhombohedral phase with the space group R $$\overline{3}$$

3
¯

c. The doping of Zr4+ in LSTP causes the peaks in the XRD spectra for doped composition (x = 0.5, 2.0) to move towards lower angle. The displacement of the XRD peaks towards lower angle side show the expansion in the lattice of the Zr doped compositions Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 and Li0.4Sr0.3Zr2(PO4)3. The presence of stretching and bending modes of PO4 groups in the prepared compositions was identified by FTIR spectra. The enhanced bulk conductivity of 4.32 × 10–5 S/cm for Zr doped composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 and 3.20 × 10–5 S/cm for composition Li0.4Sr0.3Zr2(PO4)3 is observed at 25 °C. The modulus peaks in the Zr doped composition Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 is displaced towards higher frequencies at 450 °C, indicating the presence of the thermally produced dielectric relaxation phenomenon and charge carrier hopping. The cole cole plot consisting of one semicircle in case of Li0.4Sr0.3Ti1.5Zr0.5(PO4)3 discusses the contribution of bulk and grain boundary resistances and is fitted by equivalent circuit consisting of CPE and R element joined in parallel.
Climate change and seaports: hazards, impacts and policies and legislation for adaptation
Authors: Asariotis Regina , Monioudi Isavela N. , Mohos Naray Viktoria , Velegrakis Adonis F. , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Mentaschi Lorenzo , Feyen Luc
Published: June 2024

Seaports are critical for global trade and development but are at risk of climate change-driven damages, operational disruptions and delays with extensive related economic losses. The aim of the present contribution is to (a) provide an overview of the main impacts of climate variability and change (CV&C) on ports; (b) present recent research on trends and projections involving the main climatic factors/hazards affecting global ports; (c) provide an analytical overview of emerging international and regional policies and legislation relevant to port risk assessment and resilience-building under climate change; and (d) consider issues and areas for further action. As shown by projections under different climatic scenarios and timelines, many global ports will increasingly be exposed to significantly growing hazards under increasing CV&C, including extreme sea levels (ESLs), waves, and extreme heat events. Depending on scenario (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) by 2050, 55% to 59% of the 3630 global ports considered could face ESLs in excess of 2 m above the baseline mean sea levels (mean of the 1980–2014 period); by 2100, between 71% and 83% of ports could face ESLs of this magnitude. Ports in most tropical/sub-tropical settings will face the baseline (mean of the 1976 – 2005 period) 1-in-100 year extreme heat every 1 – 5 years, whereas with 3oC global warming, most global ports (except some in higher latitudes) could experience the baseline 1-in-100 years extreme heat event every 1 – 2 years. A range of policy and legal instruments to support climate change adaptation, resilience-building and disaster risk reduction have been agreed internationally as well as at regional levels. At the EU level, relevant legal obligations and related normative technical guidance aimed at ensuring the climate proofing of new infrastructure are already in place as a matter of supra-national law for 27 EU Member States. These could significantly enhance levels of climate-resilience and preparedness for ports within the EU, as well as for EU funded port projects in other countries, and may serve as useful examples of good practices for other countries. However, further action is needed to advance and accelerate the implementation of effective adaptation measures for ports across regions.
Evaluation of Different Numerical Approaches to Modeling Flood Flows Over Groynes
Authors: Yildiz Burhan , Ambagts Lindert , Yossef Mohamed F. M. , Mosselman Erik
Published: June 2024

The hydraulic resistance of groynes is an important factor in the determination of design flood water levels on rivers and the assessment of how much these levels are lowered by modifying the groynes. In standard one‐ or two‐dimensional numerical hydrodynamic models for flood risk management, groynes are commonly represented as subgrid features with a local energy loss according to a weir formula. We tested this representation by using a two‐dimensional horizontal mesh at various groyne submergence degrees by comparing the results with those of flume experiments. We also compared the results with simulations using different 2D and 3D approaches on finer grids that incorporate groynes in the bed topography. In one of the two tested 3D models, complete Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations were solved. The second tested 3D model was constructed simpler by assuming hydrostatic pressure distribution in the vertical direction. We employed Delft3D software in construction and execution of all models. One of the 3D models did predict the hydraulic resistance at low submergence better than the standard model, but it slightly underestimated the resistance at higher submergences. Despite differences in flow characteristics, weirs and groynes were found to produce similar flow resistances for the same height and boundary conditions. Simulations of groyne modifications showed that hydraulic resistance decreased nonlinearly with groyne lowering and streamlining.
Dissecting the Characteristics and Driver Factors on Global Water Use Efficiency Using GLASS Data Sets
Authors: Hu Z. Y. , Dai Q. H. , Yan Y. J. , Zhang Y. , Li H. Y. , Zhou H. , Yao Y. W.
Published: June 2024

Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is a crucial parameter for understanding the interaction between carbon and water cycles. However, the spatio–temporal evolution and drivers of WUE remain unclear. This study utilized global annual scale global land surface satellite gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration data from 1982 to 2018 to estimate WUE and analyze its spatio–temporal characteristics. Additionally, the study investigated the response of WUE changes to five environmental factors (precipitation [PRE], soil moisture, temperature [TEM], palmer drought severity index, and vapor pressure deficit [VPD]) on WUE changes using partial correlation and structural equation modeling. The results suggested that the global annual WUE increased markedly over the study period, at an average rate of 0.0016 gC m−2 mm−1 H2O year−1. In contrast to the existing knowledge on the drivers of WUE change, climate change was found to have a larger contribution to WUE changes at the global and regional scales, especially in terms of TEM and VPD. A positive correlation between TEM and WUE was observed, but extreme TEM could lead to a decrease in WUE. VPD had the most significant direct effect on WUE, and its negative effect offset the positive influence of TEM especially in hyper‐arid, semi‐arid, and arid regions. These findings offer new insights into the impact of VPD and global warming on WUE.