bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of aggregation pheromones released by the stick tea thrips (Dendrothrips minowai) larvae and their application for controlling thrips in tea plantations
Authors: Xiu Chunli , Pan Hongsheng , Zhang Fengge , Luo Zongxiu , Bian Lei , Li Zhaoqun , Fu Nanxia , Zhou Li , Magsi Fida Hussain , Cai Xiaoming , Chen Zongmao
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The stick tea thrips, Dendrothrips minowai Priesner, is one of the most important sucking pests that seriously infest tea plants (Camellia sinensis) in China. Given that D. minowai exhibit aggregation behaviors in tea plantations, this study evaluated the potential of aggregation pheromones for their control.

RESULTS

H‐tube olfactometer assays showed that D. minowai larvae, adult females and adult males were significantly attracted to larvae rather than adult females and males under laboratory conditions. Subsequent gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of volatiles from larvae, identified two larva‐specific components: dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate. Electrophysiological and behavioral experiments confirmed the positive response of females and males to dodecyl acetate, tetradecyl acetate, and their blend (1:1.5). Deployment of these aggregation pheromones on sticky traps resulted in a 1.2‐ to 3.0‐fold increase in the capture of D. minowai adults compared with control traps. In addition, deployment of sticky traps baited with these aggregation pheromones within tea plantations resulted in a noteworthy reduction in the population of adult thrips per 100 leaves, 10 days following trap deployment. The reduction ranged from 29% to 59%, in comparison with the control.

CONCLUSION

D. minowai larvae produce aggregation pheromones, dodecyl acetate and tetradecyl acetate, that can be useful for controlling tea thrips. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tumor growth inhibition modeling in patients with second line biliary tract cancer and first line non‐small cell lung cancer based on bintrafusp alfa trials
Authors: Milenković‐Grišić Ana‐Marija , Terranova Nadia , Mould Diane R. , Vugmeyster Yulia , Mrowiec Thomas , Machl Andreas , Girard Pascal , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Khandelwal Akash
Published: December 2023

This analysis aimed to quantify tumor dynamics in patients receiving either bintrafusp alfa (BA) or pembrolizumab, by population pharmacokinetic (PK)‐pharmacodynamic modeling, and investigate clinical and molecular covariates describing the variability in tumor dynamics by pharmacometric and machine‐learning (ML) approaches. Data originated from two clinical trials in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC; NCT03833661) receiving BA and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; NCT03631706) receiving BA or pembrolizumab. Individual drug exposure was estimated from previously developed population PK models. Population tumor dynamics models were developed for each drug‐indication combination, and covariate evaluations performed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling (NLME) and ML (elastic net and random forest models) approaches. The three tumor dynamics’ model structures all included linear tumor growth components and exponential tumor shrinkage. The final BTC model included the effect of drug exposure (area under the curve) and several covariates (demographics, disease‐related, and genetic mutations). Drug exposure was not significant in either of the NSCLC models, which included two, disease‐related, covariates in the BA arm, and none in the pembrolizumab arm. The covariates identified by univariable NLME and ML highly overlapped in BTC but showed less agreement in NSCLC analyses. Hyperprogression could be identified by higher tumor growth and lower tumor kill rates and could not be related to BA exposure. Tumor size over time was quantitatively characterized in two tumor types and under two treatments. Factors potentially related to tumor dynamics were assessed using NLME and ML approaches; however, their net impact on tumor size was considered as not clinically relevant.
Numerical Simulation of Highly Sensitive Ga2O3 Pressure Sensor
Authors: Than Phuc Hong , Dao Tuan Ngoc , Takaki Yasushi
Published: December 2023

This article presents beta‐gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) strain/pressure sensors as a way to enhance sensitivity. The model consists of four piezoresistive strain gauges connected in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. The MEMS model is simulated from 0 Pa to 50 kPa, resulting in an output signal range of −3–16 mV and a responsivity of 0.38 mV kPa−1. The simulation also shows that as temperature increases, the resistance of the piezoresistive material in the MEMS decreases, leading to changes in the output signals. The reliable device effectively utilizes the full Wheatstone bridge configuration to compensate for temperature‐related influences. These early results suggest that Ga2O3‐based MEMS devices have great potential for use in high‐temperature pressure sensor applications in the future.
High Rate, Dendrite Free Lithium Metal Batteries of Extended Cyclability via a Scalable Separator Modification Approach
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Thakur Pallavi , Maity Dipak , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: December 2023

Owing to their great promise of high energy density, the development of safer lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has become the necessity of the hour. Herein, a scalable method based on conventional Celgard membrane (CM) separator modification is adopted to develop high‐rate (10 mA cm‒2) dendrite‐free LMBs of extended cyclability (>1000 hours, >1500 cycles with 3 mA cm‒2, the bare fails within 50 cycles) with low over potential losses. The CM modification method entails the deposition of thin coatings of (≈6.6 µm) graphitic fluorocarbon (FG) via a large area electrophoretic deposition, where it helps for the formation of a stable LiF and carbon rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) aiding a uniform lithium deposition even in higher fluxes. The FG@CM delivers a high transport number for Li ion (0.74) in comparison to the bare CM (0.31), indicating a facile Li ion transport through the membrane. A mechanistic insight into the role of artificial SEI formation with such membrane modification is provided here with a series of electrochemical as well as spectroscopic in situ/ex situ and postmortem analyses. The simplicity and scalability of the technique make this approach unique among other reported ones towards the advancement of safer LMBs of high energy and power density.
Simulation and Experimental Study of Fluid Flow and Solidification Behavior in Thin Slabs Continuous Casting Process under Secondary Electromagnetic Stirring
Authors: Gu Shuting , Sun Mingfei , Wang Bo , Zhang Jieyu
Published: December 2023

During the thin slab continuous casting process of silicon steel, electromagnetic stirring (EMS) can control the flow, heat transfer, and solidification of molten steel through electromagnetic force. Herein, a 3D mathematical model coupling the fluid flow, heat transfer, solidification, and the electromagnetic field is built. The effects of varied current intensities on the flow, heat transfer, and solidification of molten steel in the thin slab under secondary EMS are explored based on applying the electromagnetic brake in the mold region. In the findings, it is demonstrated that increasing the current intensity increases the flow rate and vorticity of the molten steel in the second cooling zone, eliminating the superheating phenomenon and improving the uniformity of the molten steel's temperature distribution. Meanwhile, based on the nucleation and growth parameters determined from thermal simulation experiments, the cellular automation finite‐element model is used to simulate the microstructure evolution during the solidification of thin slab. In the results, it is shown that the stirring energy increases when the current intensity increases, potentially promoting equiaxed crystal growth and grain refinement. Compared to the production sample, a reasonable qualitative agreement is achieved for the grain morphology, equiaxed crystal ratio, and columnar to equiaxed transition.
Influence of Quenching and Partitioning on the Mechanical Properties of Low‐Silicon 33MnCrB5 Boron Steel
Authors: Barella Silvia , Belfi Marco , Gruttadauria Andrea , Cetto Pietro , Liu Caiyi , Peng Yan
Published: December 2023

Quenching and partitioning (QP) is a heat treatment that is designed to enhance both the mechanical properties and ductility of low‐ and medium‐carbon steels. This treatment is performed on steels with a tailored chemical composition. Herein, QP treatments are designed and performed on commercial low‐silicon 33MnCrB5 boron steel. Different temperatures (evaluated using thermodynamic simulations) and times are tested. Scanning electron microscopy investigations are conducted to observe the microstructure, whereas X‐ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction analyses are performed to assess the presence and amount of retained austenite (RA). Tensile tests are performed to investigate the mechanical properties. The designed treatments introduce a fraction of up to 4.6% of RA in the final microstructure. Tensile tests show that the QP samples are characterized by high ultimate tensile strength (1633–1756 MPa) with an increased elongation at break with respect to the reference quenching and tempering condition (16–18% versus 9%). Hardening coefficients are linked to martensite tempering in the initial stages of plastic deformation, whereas at higher strains, they are mostly influenced by RA presence. The proposed treatments are successfully performed on 33MnCrB5 grade, leading to a set of tensile properties that are not exploitable with traditional treatments.
TheGeneral Crack Component Modelfor reversed cyclic shear
Authors: Ruggiero David M. , Bentz Evan C. , Calvi Gian Michele , Collins Michael P.
Published: December 2023

A growing body of research has shown that reversed cyclic shear loading of reinforced concrete (RC) causes effects that are not accounted for in monotonic behavioral models. Notable among these effects are a reduction in shear strength and significant plastic offsets. This paper presents the General Crack Component Model, a rational, mechanics‐based model that explicitly considers the constitutive behavior of cracks in RC. Cracked RC is treated as a series–parallel system of bonded and unbonded regions, where the crack interfaces have both crack closing hysteresis and a kinematic contact constraint. Validation was performed using data from monotonic and reversed cyclic experiments on panel elements, and has shown that this analytical model is able to accurately capture the salient features of reversed cyclic shear behavior.
Experimental and numerical study on eccentric compression performance of partially encased composite columns with corrugated web
Authors: Wang Wei , Cai Hengli , Bai Congyou , Bao Haiyang , Gao Boyuan , Yuan Zhiwei , Niu Jianhui
Published: December 2023

Partially encased composite (PEC) members are becoming increasingly popular because of their high strength and suitability for prefabrication and assembly. Corrugated steel plate has higher out‐of‐plane stiffness than flat steel plate. When it is combined with concrete, the bonding between corrugated steel plate and concrete is more obvious than that between flat steel plate and concrete. For this reason, a new type of corrugated web PEC column (CPEC column) was proposed in this paper, and its eccentric compression performance was studied by experiment and numerical method. Nine specimens were tested, of which two were subjected to axial compression and seven were subjected to eccentric compression. The key factors considered in the experiment were the loading direction, load eccentricity, link spacing, and width‐to‐thickness ratio of flange. A three‐dimensional finite element model of the CPEC columns was established and verified, and the influence of the wave angle of corrugated web on the behavior of CPEC columns under eccentric compression was investigated using a parametric study. Finally, the current design codes for estimating the interaction curve and bearing capacity of CPEC columns were assessed.
Climate catastrophe: The value of envisioning the worst‐case scenarios of climate change
Authors: Davidson Joe P. L. , Kemp Luke
Published: December 2023

Many now argue that we should think about the previously unthinkable risks of climate change, including societal collapses and human extinction. Calamitous images of the future are not pathological or counterproductive: it is both necessary and valuable to imagine the worst‐case scenarios of climate change. Critics of climate catastrophe often group together all visions of disastrous futures under labels like doomism or pessimism. This is unhelpful and greater nuance is required. We need to distinguish between climate doomists (who see catastrophe as imminent and unavoidable) and climate risk realists (who see catastrophe as one potential future that should be avoided). We also need to split apart the different ways of envisioning climate catastrophe to understand their distinct strengths and weaknesses. We outline and compare three alternative modes of viewing the worst‐case scenarios of climate change: foresight, agitation, and fiction. The first centers on modeling catastrophic climate scenarios, the second on the use of images of climate catastrophe for political action, and the third on fictional visions of future climate disasters. These different approaches are complementary and should be better integrated to create more comprehensive models of the future. All of them would benefit from viewing the future as uncertain, reflecting on the social position of the author, and guarding against the authoritarian “stomp reflex” that can be induced by discussions of crisis and emergency.

This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Augmented Nature-Based Solutions: A Possible Taxonomy of Technologies “in” and “for” Urban Greening Strategies
Authors: Mahmoud Israa , Morello Eugenio , Bisello Adriano , Kolokotsa Dionysia
Published: December 2023

The conceptualization and application of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the practice of planning and projects on urban and architectural scales have reached a level of maturity in the last 10 years, thanks to a strong push from European policies and funding for European projects and evidence from scientific literature. However, a systemic insight into the role of technology in supporting the spread of NBS has not yet been developed. The role of technology is understood here as fundamental to the very core concept of NBS, i.e., engineering solutions that integrate technological aspects to effectively increase nature’s potential. The authors, therefore, propose an investigation into the various opportunities offered by technology integrated “into” greenery and used “for” promoting greenery, based on the experience of two European Horizon 2020 projects, CLEVER Cities and VARCITIES, and from the application cases presented during the dedicated track at the SSPCR 2022 conference.
A Holistic Sustainability Evaluation of Positive Energy Districts—Planetary Boundaries Framing the Transformation of Districts
Authors: Haase Matthias , Baer Daniela
Published: December 2023

The development of districts requires a distinct understanding of the current situation as well as a vision of future districts to be able to develop suitable pathways for a sustainable transition. The concept of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) is one of the main initiatives in Europe for the clean energy transition in the built environment. While PEDs are mainly heading for the energy transition, little is known how they relate to the holistic concept of planetary boundaries (PB). To be able to build representative methodology for sustainability assessment of PEDs as well as define comparable, measurable, and reliable indicators specifically targeted for the district scale, we take a closer look at the concept of PB in order to analyze how this concept can help to establish a holistic sustainability evaluation of PEDs. Below we present an analysis of two PED concepts to discuss their interrelation with the PB concept. Our research is based on literature and document analysis. We identify the need for a comprehensive understanding of the different aspects impacting the sustainability assessment of PEDs. In this sense, although highly advisable, an integrated and systemic approach to the sustainability assessment of PEDs has still not been consolidated and the main environmental, economic, and social pillars are usually treated as separate spheres with limited interlinked issues.
Regional Metabolism: A Material and Product Flow Accounting Model for Trentino, Italy
Authors: Bastos Joana , Rosado Leonardo
Published: December 2023

Material flow accounting (MFA) can be applied to systematically quantify material inputs, outputs and throughputs to and from a geographical area, providing particularly relevant insights into managing resource flows and stocks, and identifying opportunities to close material cycles, moving from a linear to a circular economy. Remarkable advances in recent years have been made on the application of MFA to regions and cities, in particular going beyond material to product flows and providing increased details on life-cycle stages of products across these flows, which are crucial to estimate, understand and manage their associated environmental impacts. This chapter presents an MFA model of the Autonomous Province of Trento (Trentino) in northern Italy, and of the province’s capital city Trento. The main purpose is to establish a model to estimate direct material inputs (DMI) and domestic material consumption (DMC) in thousand tonnes per year (reference year 2019), relying on publicly available online data on domestic resource extraction, industrial production, trade, freight transportation and waste generation. The DMC was 12.8 and 13.5 tonnes per capita in the province and in Trento, respectively; the result is below the EU mean of 14.2, but significantly higher than the reported DMC for Italy in the same year of 8.3 tonnes per capita. Accounting and characterizing resource flows associated with urban areas and regions is crucial to increase resource efficiency and mitigate environmental impacts at local, regional and global levels. Advanced detailed MFA models at city and regional levels can inform and support environmentally sustainable planning and policymaking.
Energy Communities: The Opportunity for an Energy Transition Characterized by a Return to the Territory
Authors: Bolognesi Monica
Published: December 2023

The creation of energy communities represents an opportunity to overcome the traditional social acceptance paradigm and sector approach in the energy field. The case study of an energy community in the making in the Alpine region enables experimentation with a territorial and heritage approach to the energy transition. This research project tries to connect together territorial heritage, renewable energy sources, and the local community dimension, identified as a strategic field of action also by European directives on energy. The method of analyzing local heritage energy resources and their contribution to energy mix composition, as well as conducting interviews to identify potential stakeholders to involve in setting up the energy community, reveals the presence of untapped potential, both from energy and social capital perspectives. The enhancement of local energy potential, respecting the concept of limitation in resource use and consistent with the protection of territorial, environmental, and landscape heritage, shows the return to the territory in energy production as a sustainable energy transition perspective.
The Origins of Biographical and Life Course Research
Authors: Nilsen Ann
Published: December 2023

This chapter, on the origins of biographical and life course research, draws the lines from American pragmatism which started from a processual approach with time and temporality as central features. George Herbert Mead’s concept of the processual self provides an entry point for understanding biographical material. Crucial to the development of this approach was the meeting place provided by Hull House. The women at this charity, Jane Addams in particular, contributed to the methodological innovations of Chicago sociology. The funder of the charity provided a grant for William I Thomas study that he published with Florian Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. This first example of a sociological study that applied biographical material is presented. It discusses how this work only received recognition when Herbert Blumer chaired the Appraisal proceedings of it at an ASA session in 1938. C. Wright Mills’ book The Sociological Imagination made the dynamic history-biography relationship an inspiration for later biographical life course research. The chapter ends with a discussion of Glen Elder’s classic study Children of the Great Depression and demonstrates how Elder’s inspiration from Mills set his approach to the analysis of longitudinal data apart from those who sought to uncover ‘laws of social deviance’ through longitudinal studies.
The Revival of Biographical Research in Europe and America
Authors: Nilsen Ann
Published: December 2023

The revival of biographical research in Europe and America is the topic of this chapter. Some of the most important contributions to a revival of this tradition are presented and the places and period in which these revivals occurred are discussed. The section on pioneering biographical studies on the continent gives an overview and discusses of the revival of this approach in French sociology with Daniel Bertaux and Isabelle Bertaux-Wiame, and in German sociology with the works of Martin Kohli and others who provided important contributions to the theoretical perspectives as well as to quantitative life course studies. In the UK sociologist Ken Plummer and the oral historian Paul Thompson were important for the development of biographical studies. In Scandinavia the life course approach was adopted in what was then called ‘women’s research’. In America Elder’s study inspired a more quantitative approach but his groundbreaking longitudinal study of the cohorts living through The Great Depression introduced the contextualist life course approach and a range of concepts.
Continuous Engineering for Trustworthy Learning-Enabled Autonomous Systems
Authors: Bensalem Saddek , Katsaros Panagiotis , Ničković Dejan , Liao Brian Hsuan-Cheng , Nolasco Ricardo Ruiz , Ahmed Mohamed Abd El Salam , Beyene Tewodros A. , Cano Filip , Delacourt Antoine , Esen Hasan , Forrai Alexandru , He Weicheng , Huang Xiaowei , Kekatos Nikolaos , Könighofer Bettina , Paulitsch Michael , Peled Doron , Ponchant Matthieu , Sorokin Lev , Tong Son , Wu Changshun
Published: December 2023

Learning-enabled autonomous systems (LEAS) use machine learning (ML) components for essential functions of autonomous operation, such as perception and control. LEAS are often safety-critical. The development and integration of trustworthy ML components present new challenges that extend beyond the boundaries of system’s design to the system’s operation in its real environment. This paper introduces the methodology and tools developed within the frame of the FOCETA European project towards the continuous engineering of trustworthy LEAS. Continuous engineering includes iterations between two alternating phases, namely: (i) design and virtual testing, and (ii) deployment and operation. Phase (i) encompasses the design of trustworthy ML components and the system’s validation with respect to formal specifications of its requirements via modeling and simulation. An integral part of both the simulation-based testing and the operation of LEAS is the monitoring and enforcement of safety, security and performance properties and the acquisition of information for the system’s operation in its environment. Finally, we show how the FOCETA approach has been applied to realistic continuous engineering workflowsfor three different LEAS from automotive and medical application domains.
Holography and correlation functions of huge operators: spacetime bananas
Authors: Abajian Jacob , Aprile Francesco , Myers Robert C. , Vieira Pedro
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We initiate the study of holographic correlators for operators whose dimension scales with the central charge of the CFT. Differently from light correlators or probes, the insertion of any such maximally heavy operator changes the AdS metric, so that the correlator itself is dual to a backreacted geometry with marked points at the Poincaré boundary. We illustrate this new physics for two-point functions. Whereas the bulk description of light or probe operators involves Witten diagrams or extremal surfaces in an AdS background, the maximally heavy two-point functions are described by nontrivial new geometries which we refer to as “spacetime bananas”. As a universal example, we discuss the two-point function of maximally heavy scalar operators described by the Schwarzschild black hole in the bulk and we show that its onshell action reproduces the expected CFT result. This computation is nonstandard, and adding boundary terms to the action on the stretched horizon is crucial. Then, we verify the conformal Ward Identity from the holographic stress tensor and discuss important aspects of the Fefferman-Graham patch. Finally we study a Heavy-Heavy-Light-Light correlator by using geodesics propagating in the banana background. Our main motivation here is to set up the formalism to explore possible universal results for three- and higher-point functions of maximally heavy operators.
Remarks on QCD4 with fundamental and adjoint matter
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Lohitsiri Nakarin , Sulejmanpasic Tin
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We study 4-dimensional SU(N) gauge theory with one adjoint Weyl fermion and fundamental matter — either bosonic or fermionic. Symmetries, their ’t Hooft anomalies, and the Vafa-Witten-Weingarten theorems strongly constrain the possible bulk phases. The first part of the paper is dedicated to a single fundamental fermion or boson. As long as the adjoint Weyl fermion is massless, this theory always possesses a $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_{2N}^{\chi } $$

ℤ

2
N

χ

chiral symmetry, which breaks spontaneously, supporting N vacua and domain walls between them for a generic mass of the matter fields. We argue, however, that the domain walls generically undergo a phase transition, and we establish the corresponding 3d gauge theories on the walls. The rest of the paper is dedicated to studying the multi-flavor fundamental matter. Here, the phases crucially depend on the ratio of the number of colors and the number of fundamental flavors. We also discuss the limiting scenarios of heavy adjoint and fundamentals, which align neatly with our current understanding of QCD and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super Yang-Mills theory.
Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation
Authors: Lv Weihao , Zhang Qianqian , Li Yuanming , Liu Dan , Wu Xiuquan , He Xin , Han Yuanyuan , Fei Xiaowei , Zhang Lei , Fei Zhou
Published: December 2023

Objective

Proinflammatory necroptosis is the main pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) is a postsynaptic scaffolding protein that exerts anti-inflammatory effects in most central nervous system diseases. However, the relationship between Homer1 and proinflammatory necroptosis in ischemic stroke remains unclear.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the role of Homer1 in ischemia-induced necroptosis.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model (pMCAO). Homer1 knockdown mice were generated using adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection to explore the role of Homer1 and its impact on necroptosis in pMCAO. Finally, Homer1 protein was stereotaxically injected into the ischemic cortex of Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre +/− mice, and the efficacy of Homer1 was investigated using behavioral assays and molecular biological assays to explore potential mechanisms.

Results

Homer1 expression peaked at 8 h in the ischemic penumbral cortex after pMCAO and colocalized with neurons. Homer1 knockdown promoted neuronal death by enhancing necroptotic signaling pathways and aggravating ischemic brain damage in mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of Homer1 enhanced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, injection of Homer1 protein reduced necroptosis-induced brain injury inhibited the expression of proinflammatory factors, and ameliorated the outcomes in the Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre+/− mice after pMCAO.

Conclusions

Homer1 ameliorates ischemic stroke by inhibiting necroptosis-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. These data suggested that Homer1 is a novel regulator of neuronal death and neuroinflammation.
Different glycosylation profiles of cystatin F alter the cytotoxic potential of natural killer cells
Authors: Senjor Emanuela , Pirro Martina , Švajger Urban , Prunk Mateja , Sabotič Jerica , Jewett Anahid , Hensbergen Paul J. , Perišić Nanut Milica , Kos Janko
Published: December 2023

Cystatin F, a cysteine peptidase inhibitor, is a potent modulator of NK cytotoxicity. By inhibiting granule-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, cystatin F induces formation of non-functional NK cell stage, called split-anergy. We show that N-glycosylation determines the localization and cellular function of cystatin F. Cystatin F mostly exhibited high-mannose glycosylation in U-937 cells, both high-mannose and complex glycosylation in NK-92 and primary NKs, and predominantly complex glycosylation in super-charged NKs. Manipulating N-glycosylation with kifunensine increased high-mannose glycosylation of cystatin F and lysosome localisation, which decreased cathepsin C activity and reduced NK cytotoxicity. Mannose-6-phosphate could significantly reduce the internalization of extracellular cystatin F. By comparing NK cells with different cytotoxic potentials, we found that high-mannose cystatin F was strongly associated with lysosomes and cathepsin C in NK-92 cell line. In contrast, in highly cytotoxic super-charged NKs, cystatin F with complex glycosylation was associated with the secretory pathway and less prone to inhibit cathepsin C. Modulating glycosylation to alter cystatin F localisation could increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells, thereby enhancing their therapeutic potential for treating cancer patients.

Graphical abstract
Stereotactic body radiotherapy with volumetric intensity-modulated arc therapy and flattening filter-free beams: dosimetric considerations
Authors: Brekner Mark Christoph , Imhoff Detlef , Rödel Claus , Filmann Natalie , Licher Jörg , Ramm Ulla , Köhn Janett
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The present study comparatively evaluates the impact of energy-matched flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beams with different energy levels on the physical-dosimetric quality of lung and liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment plans.

Methods

For this purpose, 54 different lung and liver lesions from 44 patients who had already received SBRT combined with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were included in this retrospective planning study. Planning computed tomography scans already available were used for the renewed planning with 6 MV, 6 MV-FFF, 10 MV, and 10 MV-FFF under constant planning objectives. The treatment delivery data, dosimetric distributions, and dose–volume histograms as well as parameters such as the conformity index and gradient indices were the basis for the evaluation and comparison of treatment plans.

Results

A significant reduction of beam-on time (BOT) was achieved due to the high dose rates of FFF beams. In addition, we showed that for FFF beams compared to flattened beams of the same energy level, smaller planning target volumes (PTV) require fewer monitor units (MU) than larger PTVs. An equal to slightly superior target volume coverage and sparing of healthy tissue as well as organs at risk in both lung and liver lesions were found. Significant differences were seen mainly in the medium to lower dose range.

Conclusion

We found that FFF beams together with VMAT represent an excellent combination for SBRT of lung or liver lesions with shortest BOT for 10 MV-FFF but significant dose savings for 6 MV-FFF in lung lesions.
Deutsche Version der Northoff Skala für subjektives Erleben bei Katatonie (NSSC-dv)
Authors: Brandt Geva A. , Fritze Stefan , Krayem Maria , Daub Jonas , Volkmer Sebastian , Kukovic Jacqueline , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Northoff Georg , Kubera Katharina M. , Wolf Robert Christian , Hirjak Dusan
Published: December 2023

PatientInnen mit Katatonie zeigen oft starke motorische, affektive und verhaltensassoziierte Symptome, hinter welchen das subjektive Erleben häufig verborgen bleibt. In dieser Arbeit soll die eigene systematisch-empirische Untersuchung zum subjektiven Erleben katatoner PatientInnen einem deutschsprachigen Publikum vorgestellt werden. Auf Basis aktueller Evidenz und der klinischen Erfahrung der AutorInnen wurde die „Northoff Skala für subjektives Erleben bei Katatonie“ (NSSC) modifiziert, erweitert und validiert. Es handelt sich um einen einfach anwendbaren Selbstauskunftsfragebogen, bestehend aus 26 Items, die das subjektive Erleben der Katatonie in seiner gesamten klinischen Vielfalt erfassen. Insgesamt wurden 46 PatientInnen mit Katatonie gemäß Internationaler Klassifikation der Krankheiten (11. Revision, ICD-11) nach ihren subjektiven Erlebnissen während der akuten Krankheitsphase gefragt. Die NSSC zeigte eine hohe interne Konsistenz (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0,91). Der NSSC-Gesamtscore war signifikant mit der Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS; r = 0,43; p < 0,01), dem Gesamtscore der Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; r = 0,30; p < 0,05), der Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; r = 0,33; p < 0,05) sowie mit Trait-Ängstlichkeit (STAI; r = 0,64; p < 0,01) assoziiert, was ihre Validität unterstützt. Eine vorläufige Validierung der NSSC ergab gute psychometrische Eigenschaften. Die NSSC ist ein nützliches Instrument für den klinischen Alltag zur Beurteilung des subjektiven Erlebens von PatientInnen mit Katatonie, um passende psychotherapeutische Interventionen bereitstellen zu können.
Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern: alte und neue Erkenntnisse – Teil 1: Klinik und Diagnostik
Authors: Dodel Richard , Berg Daniela , Duning Thomas , Kalbe Elke , Meyer Philipp T. , Ramirez Alfredo , Storch Alexander , Aarsland Dag , Jessen Frank
Published: December 2023

Hintergrund

Die Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern (DLK) ist nach der Alzheimer-Krankheit die zweithäufigste neurodegenerative Demenzerkrankung. Patienten mit DLK haben oft eine schlechte Prognose, mit schlechteren Ergebnissen als Patienten mit der Alzheimer-Krankheit in Bezug auf wichtige Parameter wie Lebensqualität, Belastung der Pflegepersonen, gesundheitsbezogene Kosten, Einweisungshäufigkeit in Krankenhäuser und Pflegeheime, kürzerer Zeitraum bis zur schweren Demenz und eine geringere Überlebensrate. Die DLK wird häufig fehldiagnostiziert und ist oft unterbehandelt. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die DLK so früh wie möglich zu diagnostizieren, um eine optimale Versorgung und Behandlung zu gewährleisten.

Ziel der Arbeit

In diesem Übersichtsartikel sollen die wichtigsten neuen Erkenntnisse zu diagnostischen Instrumenten, der Epidemiologie und Genetik der Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern zusammengetragen werden.

Ergebnisse

Es existieren präzise klinischen Diagnosekriterien für die DLK, die eine ätiologische Zuordnung zulassen. Bildgebende Verfahren kommen standardmäßig bei der DLK zum Einsatz, insbesondere auch, um nicht neurodegenerative Ursachen auszuschließen. Insbesondere nuklearmedizinische Verfahren besitzen eine hohe diagnostische Aussagekraft.

Diskussion

Die Diagnose beruht in erster Linie auf der klinischen Symptomatik, obwohl die Entwicklung von In-vivo-Neurobildgebung und Biomarkern den Umfang der klinischen Diagnose sowie die Erforschung dieser verheerenden Krankheit verändert.
Cytoprotective potency of naringin against di-n-butylphthalate (DBP)-induced oxidative testicular damage in male rats
Authors: Anis Anis , El-Nady Sameh H. , Amer Hany A. , Elbaz Hamed T. , Elweza Ahmed E. , El-Borai Nermeen Borai , El-Ballal Salah S.
Published: December 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the protective potential of naringin (NG) against di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)- induced testicular damage and impairment of spermatogenesis in rats. Forty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into six equal groups, and treated orally, 3 times weekly for 8 successive weeks. Control vehicle group was administrated olive oil, naringin-treated group was administered NG (80 mg/kg), DBP 250- and DBP 500- intoxicated groups received DBP (250 mg/kg) and (500 mg/kg), respectively, NG + DBP 250 and NG + DBP 500 groups received NG, an hour prior to DBP 250 and 500 administration. The results revealed that DBP induced dose-dependent male reproductive dysfunctions, included a significant decrease in the serum testosterone level concomitantly with significant decreases in the sperm count, viability, and total motility. Meanwhile, DBP significantly increased the testicular malondialdehyde level with significant reductions of glutathione content and catalase activity. Histopathologically, DBP provoked absence of spermatozoa, degenerative changes in the cell layers of seminiferous tubules and a significant decrease in the thickness of the seminiferous tubules epithelium. Conversely, the concomitant treatment with NG, one hour before DBP 250 or 500- intoxication mitigated the dose-dependent reproductive dysfunctions induced by DBP, evidenced by significant increases of serum testosterone level, sperm motility, count and viability along with marked improvement of the oxidant/antioxidant status and testicular histoarchitecture. In conclusion, the findings recorded herein proved that NG could mitigate DBP-induced testicular damage and impairment of spermatogenesis, suggesting the perspective of using NG as a natural protective and therapeutic agent for alleviating the reproductive dysfunctions and improving reproductive performance, mainly via its potent antioxidant activity.
On the accuracy of the finite volume approximations to nonlocal conservation laws
Authors: Aggarwal Aekta , Holden Helge , Vaidya Ganesh
Published: December 2023

In this article, we discuss the error analysis for a certain class of monotone finite volume schemes approximating nonlocal scalar conservation laws, modeling traffic flow and crowd dynamics, without any additional assumptions on monotonicity or linearity of the kernel$$\mu $$μor the fluxf. We first prove a novel Kuznetsov-type lemma for this class of PDEs and thereby show that the finite volume approximations converge to the entropy solution at the rate of$$\sqrt{\Delta t}$$Δtin$$L^1(\mathbb {R})$$L1(R). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proof of any type of convergence rate for this class of conservation laws. We also present numerical experiments to illustrate this result.
Pork liver as a source of protein with excellent foaming properties
Authors: Feliu-Alsina Narcís , Saguer Elena
Published: December 2023

Pork liver is a protein-rich offal, generated in large quantities in the meat industry and considered non-allergenic, although not highly appreciated by Western consumers. The recovery of its proteins through a simple and easily scalable process with the purpose of obtaining economical and environmentally friendly techno-functional ingredients might be an alternative for its valorization. Of great interest are protein fractions with good foaming properties that can act as substitutes for other highly allergenic proteins in food formulation. In this study, protein extractions from fresh pork livers were performed using buffer solutions adjusted to different pH (from 4.0 to 8.5), without a subsequent concentration/purification step. The main parameters evaluated were yield and foaming properties of the recovered extracts; their physicochemical characteristics and the SDS-PAGE protein profiles were determined as well. Acceptable extraction yields (> 50% of the total protein) were obtained using buffer solutions adjusted to pH ≥ 4.80, but their foaming properties were poor. By contrast, the extracts recovered using buffers adjusted to pH ≤ 4.75 were capable of forming very voluminous and stable foams, although rather low yields were achieved under these conditions (31.5–36.0% of the total protein). In addition to the profile of solubilized proteins, a low fat and relatively high carbohydrate content in the extracts seem to contribute to their excellent foaming properties. Therefore, protein extracts from fresh pork liver obtained using buffer solutions adjusted to pH 4.0–4.5 (extract pH: 5.3–5.6) could be a real alternative to other protein foaming agents that cause food allergies, in a simple, cost-effective and sustainable way.
Psychological interventions to improve pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in children and adults with hypermobility spectrum disorders and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Clark Natalie L. , Kainth Gurvinder Singh , Johnson Melissa , Rangan Amar , Kottam Lucksy , Swainston Katherine
Published: December 2023

Hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) affect individuals across physical, psychological and social domains, making assessment and management difficult. Management for this condition primarily focuses on addressing the musculoskeletal complaints using physiotherapy rather than the additional manifestations such as fatigue, anxiety and depression. This systematic review aims to identify psychological interventions and assess whether they improve the lived experiences of individuals with HSD. It also aims to assess which psychological interventions were most effective, which symptoms were most effectively managed by a psychological intervention, and whether there were differences between children and adults. Studies were included if they were a randomised controlled trial or pre/post-test design, a sample of any age and clinical diagnosis of HSD (including Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), used a psychological intervention and assessed the effect of the intervention on lived experiences using appropriate outcome measures. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The results were narratively synthesised. Six studies were included in the review, one isolated psychological intervention and five incorporated a psychological intervention within a multidisciplinary programme. The interventions predominantly aimed to reduce pain including intensity, interference, pain-related fear and catastrophising, with anxiety and depression, affect, daily living, fatigue also being evaluated. The most beneficial psychological interventions were those delivered alongside physiotherapy in an outpatient or community setting, improving both the physical and psychological aspects of pain, subsequently improving quality of life. However, there lacks randomised controlled trials with larger samples to definitively confirm the significant findings discussed in this review.
Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery
Authors: Zhu Hai , Qu Siyuan , Deng Yongqin , Gong Mengdan , Xiang Yizhen , Teng Yaoshu , Ye Dong
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the application of organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery. It aims to shed light on the current advancements and future potential of organoid technology in these areas, particularly in addressing challenges like hearing loss, cancer research, and organ regeneration.

Methods

Review of current literature regrading organoids in the field of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery.

Results

The review highlights several advancements in the field. In otology, the development of organoid replacement therapies offers new avenues for treating hearing loss. In nasal science, the creation of specific organoid models aids in studying nasopharyngeal carcinoma and respiratory viruses. In head and neck surgery, innovative approaches for squamous cell carcinoma prediction and thyroid regeneration using organoids have been developed.

Conclusion

Organoid research in otolaryngology—head and neck surgery is still at an early stage. This review underscores the potential of this technology in advancing our understanding and treatment of various conditions, predicting a transformative impact on future medical practices in these fields.
Deconstructing depression by machine learning: the POKAL-PSY study
Authors: Eder Julia , Pfeiffer Lisa , Wichert Sven P. , Keeser Benjamin , Simon Maria S. , Popovic David , Glocker Catherine , Brunoni Andre R. , Schneider Antonius , Gensichen Jochen , Schmitt Andrea , Musil Richard , Falkai Peter ,   for the POKAL Group, Dreischulte Tobias , Henningsen Peter , Bühner Markus , Biersack Katharina , Brand Constantin , Brisnik Vita , Ebert Christopher , Gökce Feyza , Haas Carolin , Kaupe Lukas , Raub Jonas , Reindl-Spanner Philipp , Schillock Hannah , Schönweger Petra , von Schrottenberg Victoria , Vukas Jochen , Younesi Puya , Jung-Sievers Caroline , Krcmar Helmut , Lukaschek Karoline , Lochbühler Kirsten , Pitschel-Walz Gabriele
Published: December 2023

Unipolar depression is a prevalent and disabling condition, often left untreated. In the outpatient setting, general practitioners fail to recognize depression in about 50% of cases mainly due to somatic comorbidities. Given the significant economic, social, and interpersonal impact of depression and its increasing prevalence, there is a need to improve its diagnosis and treatment in outpatient care. Various efforts have been made to isolate individual biological markers for depression to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, the intricate and dynamic interplay between neuroinflammation, metabolic abnormalities, and relevant neurobiological correlates of depression is not yet fully understood. To address this issue, we propose a naturalistic prospective study involving outpatients with unipolar depression, individuals without depression or comorbidities, and healthy controls. In addition to clinical assessments, cardiovascular parameters, metabolic factors, and inflammatory parameters are collected. For analysis we will use conventional statistics as well as machine learning algorithms. We aim to detect relevant participant subgroups by data-driven cluster algorithms and their impact on the subjects’ long-term prognosis. The POKAL-PSY study is a subproject of the research network POKAL (Predictors and Clinical Outcomes in Depressive Disorders; GRK 2621).