bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERBEDAAN KOPERASI DENGAN ORGANISASI LAINNYA
Authors: Halim Ismail
Published: May 2022

Suatu badan usaha didefenisikan sebagai organisasi yang terstruktur dalam mengelola faktor-faktor produksi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Salah satu karakteristik yang penting dari badan usaha adalah manajemen yang baik. Jika suatu badan usaha dikelola dengan baik dapat meningkatkan kinerja badan usaha dan akan meningkatkan nilai badan usaha bagi para pemegang saham. Ada beberapa bentuk badan usaha antara lain, Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Badan Usaha Milik Swasta (BUMS), Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD), dan Badan Usaha Campuran. Sedangkan pengertian koperasi berdasarkan pasal 1 undang-undang nomor 25 tahun 1992 tentang perkoperasian diberikan pengertian sebagai berikut “koperasi adalah badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang-orang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan berlandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan”. Adapun perbedaan koperasi dengan badan usaha lain yaitu, satu anggota dalam sebuah koperasi memiliki satu suara yang tidak dapat diwakilkan orang lain. Sementara dalam badan usaha lain, satu suara atau lebih dapat dimiliki oleh pemodal. Simpanan anggotan menjadi modal badan usaha lainnya diperoleh dari penjualan saham, perorangan, atau kelompok.
Pendidikan agama Kristen bagi anak dan remaja dalam menghadapi pergaulan saat ini
Authors: ta'dung Tadius
Published: May 2022

Dari penulisan ini memberikan pandangan terhadap anak dan remaja dalam menghadapi pergaulan khususnya pergaulan saat ini. Karena kita tahu sekarang ini pergaulan anak dan remaja itu sangat berdampak bagi masa depan anak dan remaja. Dalam penerapannya itu juga contoh perlu ditekankan kepada anak dan remaja akan pengenalan akan Kristus dan bagaimana menghadapi tekanan dunia sekarang. karena kita tahu jaman sekarang anak mudah sekali terbawa oleh arus atau dunia sekitar yang dapat menjerumuskan dalam hal-hal tidak baik. Dalam penulisan ini metode yang digunakan adalah memberikan arahan terkait dengan kenyataan yang di alami oleh anak dan bisa juga memberikan pengajaran serta pandangan yang membahas tentang sikap kognitif anak dalam merangsang lingkungan untuk mengacu perkembangan anak dengan baik.
Tác động của khoa học công nghệ tới cơ hội việc làm của con người
Authors: Huyen Nguyen , Ngọc Trần Thị Thanh , Huyền Nguyễn Khánh , Linh Nguyễn Phương , Châu Mạc Thị Minh
Published: May 2022

Trong các nguồn lực phát triển kinh tế - xã hội, khoa học và công nghệ là một trong những nhân tố đóng vai trò quan trọng hàng đầu. Cách mạng khoa học và công nghệ đang tạo tiền đề, điều kiện và cũng là động lực hình thành và thúc đẩy hàng loạt các hiện tượng, công việc khác của con người trong đời sống, xã hội (KH&CN, 2021). Khoa học - công nghệ góp phần mở rộng khả năng phát hiện và khai thác có hiệu quả các nguồn lực, sản phẩm khoa học - công nghệ đóng góp trực tiếp vào GDP, đồng thời quyết định tăng trưởng trong dài hạn và chất lượng tăng trưởng, tạo điều kiện chuyển đổi từ chiều rộng sang chiều sâu. Khoa học - công nghệ ngày càng phát triển kéo theo sự ra đời hàng loạt của các công nghệ mới, hiện đại như: vật liệu mới, công nghệ nano, công nghệ sinh học, điện tử, viễn thông… làm tăng các yếu tố của sản xuất - kinh doanh, tăng thu nhập, điều đó dẫn đến sự gia tăng chi tiêu cho tiêu dùng của người dân và do đó cũng tăng đầu tư cho cả nền kinh tế (G.Hưng, 2020).Sự phát triển công nghệ luôn mang đến những điểm đột phá, và cách thức vận động mới cho nền kinh tế thị trường. Thế nhưng đã có nhiều câu hỏi được đặt ra là liệu rằng công nghệ có đang thực sự mang lại cho con người cơ hội làm việc hay là hay là đang lấy đi những công việc từ tay của những người công nhân? Máy móc có đang chiếm lấy công việc của chúng ta? Hay chính người công nhân đã trở nên lỗi thời bởi trí tuệ nhân tạo và robot? Để trả lời cho những câu hỏi trên, nhóm 3 chúng tôi đã quyết định viết bài luận này nhằm nghiên cứu những vấn đề xung quanh tác động của khoa học công nghệ tới cơ hội việc làm của con người trên toàn thế giới. Cấu trúc bài luận bao gồm ba phần như sau: Thực trạng; Tác động; Nguyên nhân; Giải pháp.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN IMAN KRISTEN TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK
Authors: Ines
Published: May 2022

Jurnal ini bertujuan bagaimana mengimlementasikan pendidikan dan iman untuk lebih membentuk karakter anak Kristen. Pendidikan dan iman tentang kekristenan sebenarnya merupakan suatu hal yang tidak terpisahkan dalam karakter kerohanian anak. Pada umumnya lebih banyak ditemukan ketika anak menempuh pendidikan di sekolah formal yaitu Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Dalam artian bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran harus bisa membentuk dan mengembangkan karakter rohani baik. Membangun karakter rohani anak berarti membangun suatu pola sikap untuk disampaikan hubungannya satu dengan yang lain yang sesuai dengan karakter rohani yang semestinya. Sehingga dapat dijelaskan bahwa pendidikan dan iman Kristen dapat menghasilkan karakter rohani. Pembentukan Karakter rohani harus ditekankan dengan baik.
Surface action and holographic action. Ver 2
Authors: Vit Ku
Published: May 2022

Surface action and metric membrane
Teori Ceramah & Pemberian Tugas Dalam Sekolah Mengah Pertama (SMP) di Lingkungan Kelas Dalam Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Yuliyanti Nadila
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode-metode apa aja yang di ajarkan oleh guru di lingkungan sekolah menengah pertama SMP. Kesulitan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran terbimbing antara lain merumuskan masalah dan hipotesis. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah siswa belum memahami demonstrasi yang disajikan oleh guru karena masih kurang bersifat multi representatif. Menurut rumus masalah, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode ceramah dan pemberian tugas untuk meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dan memanfaatkan guru di lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber pelajaran IPS di sekolah mengah pertama SMP.
Metric Fisher and holographic Flow
Authors: Vit Ku
Published: May 2022

Metric Flow and bound Bousso
Disiplin Asketisme Sebagai Upaya Menciptakan Generasi Pemimpin Dalam Gereja Dengan Pendekatan Model Transendental
Authors: Sulastri
Published: May 2022

Kajian dalam tulisan ini hendak memaparkan beberapa pandangan sebagai hasil berbagaipenelitian yang dikaji melalui topik tentang kepemimpinan dan pendidikan genarasi milenial.Kalangan pemuda Kristen yang mampu berperan dalam upaya untuk menciptakan generasipemimpin dalam gereja dengan keyakinan iman yang dimiliki oleh seseorang. Walaupunsifatnya transendental, tetapi kepercayaan yang kita yakini mendatangkan manfaat bagikehidupan kita.
RESUME PERMINTAAN
Authors: amel
Published: May 2022

catatan tugas resume ekonomi mikro tentang permintaan
Ten simple rules for reviewing a paper
Authors: Eklund Anders
Published: May 2022

Peer review is one of the major cornerstones in the academic society, but howto review papers is often something that each researcher has to learn on theirown. Several available resources on how to review papers do, in my opinion,lack several important aspects such as checking the sample size and checkinghow multiple comparison correction was performed. In this short paper I provideten simple rules for how to review a paper.
Network Ties and Organizational Action: Explaining Variation in Social Service Provision Patterns
Authors: Fulton Brad R.
Published: May 2022

This study integrates social capital theory and network analysis to explore the relationship between interorganizational networks and organizational action. It analyzes the collaborative partnerships that religious congregations form to provide social services, and it examines how these ties are associated with the number and types of programs they offer. Using cross-sectional and panel data from a national study of congregations, the analysis finds significant relationships between congregations’ interorganizational ties and their social service provision patterns. Congregations that collaborate with other organizations offer more programs, and the effect is even greater for congregations with a diverse portfolio of collaborators. Furthermore, a network analysis indicates that congregations with a similar portfolio of collaborators offer a similar menu of services. This study demonstrates that an organization’s collaborative ties, above and beyond its internal characteristics, are significantly associated with both the volume and scope of its activity.
Field research when there’s limited access to the field: Lessons from Japan
Authors: Amano Kenya , Dominguez Melanie Sayuri , Fraser Timothy , Gagnon Etienne , Incerti Trevor , Jang Jinhyuk , McClean Charles T. , Mitchell Austin M. , Miyano Sayumi , Moreshead Colin , Saijo Harunobu , Stanescu Diana , Teraoka Ayumi , Yamagishi Hikaru , Willis Charmaine , woo Yu Jin , Crabtree Charles
Published: May 2022

How can scholars conduct field research when there is limited access to the field? The paper first identifies how limited and uncertain field access can affect field research and then provides recommendations to address these challenges. We focus on doing field research in Japan because of our substantive expertise, but we think that problems and solutions we outline should be applicable to a broad range of countries. Our hope is that this paper contributes to the developing literature on conducting research during times of emergency and the larger literature on best practices for field research.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN ELEKTRONIK DAN TANTANGAN GURU ABAD 21
Authors: Damayanti Dea
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat pesat pada abad ini membawa dampak yang sangat signifikan terhadap dunia pendidikan, di mana, proses peralihan dari abad industrialisasi ke abad pengetahuan menuntut setiap bidang dalam kehidupan berubah sangat cepat dan harus dapat beradaptasi dengan cepat. Memasuki abad 21 kemajuan teknologi telah memasuki berbagai sendi kehidupan, tidak terkecuali di bidang pendidikan. Guru dan siswa, dosen dan mahasiswa, pendidik dan peserta didik dituntut memiliki kemampuan belajar mengajar di abad 21 ini. Sejumlah tantangan dan peluang harus dihadapi siswa dan guru agar dapat bertahan dalam abad pengetahuan yang diwarnai dengan timbulnya berbagai inovasi pendidikan.inovasi yang berkembang cukup pesat adalah pembelajaran elektronik (electronic learning) atau e-learning. E-learning adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh (distance learning) yang memanfaatkan teknologi komputer, jaringan komputer dan/atau internet. Inovasi pembelajaran elektronik ini memungkinkan pembelajar untuk belajar melalui komputer di tempat mereka masing-masing tanpa harus secara fisik pergi mengikuti pelajaran/perkuliahan di kelas. Oleh karena itu, pendidik dan calon pendidik di abad 21 ini perlu dipersiapkan untuk mampu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan IPTEK.
Pelaksanaan Teknik Ceramah dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Hapsah Siti
Published: May 2022

Belajar adalah acara harian di sekolah. Belajar adalah hal yang kompleks. Kompleksitas pembelajaran dapat dilihat dari dua mata pelajaran, yaitu siswa dan guru. (Dimyati dan Mujiono, 2006: 17). Pendidikan adalah bagian penting dari pengembangan dan kemajuan suatu bangsa. Pendidikan sebagai kendaraan adalah forum dengan tujuan memberdayakan dan meningkatkan sumber daya manusia berkat proses pendidikan umumnya, proses pembelajaran secara khusus. Mengajar bukan hanya konferensi dan berdiri di depan kelas, tetapi bagaimana teknik dan strategi guru untuk mengomunikasikan materi pembelajaran, berinteraksi, mengatur, dan mengelola siswa sehingga mereka berhasil dan mencapai tujuan yang ditetapkan. Salah satu kunci untuk belajar kesuksesan adalah ketika metode pembelajaran guru dan master. Tidak sedikit kegagalan guru pengajar karena kelemahan penguasaan dan metode pengajaran. Di sisi lain, tidak jarang kegagalan siswa disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan, keterampilan, metode pengajaran dan kemampuan guru untuk memahami tugas -tugas yang harus dilakukan di sekolah. Akibatnya, seorang guru harus memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih luas untuk mengirimkan apa yang telah dipelajari sebelumnya dan di samping itu bahwa guru juga harus percaya diri dan percaya diri untuk menyediakan peralatan sehingga siswa rajin, antusias dengan gagasan untuk menerima pembelajaran yang diberikan.
TANTANGAN SERTA PERAN SEORANG PENDIDIK DALAM PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI ABAD 21
Authors: Wafa Itmamil
Published: May 2022

Secara umum diterima bahwa dunia pendidikan adalah jalan yang digunakan umat manusia sepanjang hidupnya untuk menjadi sarana komunikasi dan transformasi baik nilai maupun pengetahuan. Oleh karena itu, dunia pendidikan yang strategis sebagai sarana transmisi dan transformasi nilai dan ilmu pengetahuan untuk menanamkan dan mengembangkan karakter bangsa ini tidak lepas dari peran yang dimainkan oleh dunia pendidikan. Karena pendidikan karakter penting bagi kehidupan manusia, peran yang dimainkan dunia dalam pendidikan tidak hanya harus menunjukkan pengetahuan moral, tetapi juga cinta dan kemauan untuk mengambil tindakan moral.
CONTEMPORARY TURKEY’S FOREIGN POLICY: REGIONAL POWER IN NEOIMPERIAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Belyakova Arina
Published: May 2022

The article examines the conceptual foundations of Turkey's contemporary foreign policy. Based on comparing a range of empirical data with a list of theoretical indicators compiled by D. Nolte the author classifies Turkey as a regional power and at the same time highlights the concept’s insufficient explanatory capacity for analyzing the country’s contemporary foreign policy. The author forms a hypothesis consistent with H. Spruyt's theory of institutional competition between political forms and of their selection. The hypothesis states that the current political dynamics lead to the emergence of novel political entities – neoempires. To test it, the autor defines ‘neoempireness’ as a feature of foreign policy and undertakes a comparative analysis of ‘empireness’, ‘post-empireness’ and ‘neoempireness’. It is noted that the term ‘post-empireness’ reflects spontaneous, unintended influence of the imperial past on the subsequent development of the former empire's core and peripheries as independent national states, whereas ‘neoempireness’ implies deliberate adaptation of the imperial experience to the contemporary realities for the purpose of engaging in the global competition more efficiently. The analysis of a range of significant political decisions and actions recently taken by the Turkish government allows to make the conclusion that its foreign policy has assumed a neoimperial nature.
Formulation and evaluation of sustained release venlafaxine tablets using hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymer combinations by melt granulation
Authors:   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Az-Zawiyah, Libya, Katakam Prakash , Reddy Maninder B.V. ,   Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Guntur, India, Hwisa Nagiat T. ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Az-Zawiyah, Libya, Assaleh Fathi H. ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Az-Zawiyah, Libya, Dey Baishakhi ,   School of Medical Science & Technology, IIT Kharaghpur, India, Murthy Satyanarayana V. ,   University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India, Chandu Babu R. ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Zawia, Az-Zawiyah, Libya, Adiki Shanta K. ,   Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Guntur, India
Published: May 2022

The current research aims to formulate Venlafaxine Sustained Release (VHL-SR) tablets using hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymers combination blends by melt granulation technique which highlights the novelty. The polymers selected for the present study have matrix forming properties. Results of FTIR studies have shown that there were no interactions between the polymers used and the drug VHL. Various formulations of VHL- SR tablets (F1-F16) using different combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers viz. Carbopol 71G, HPMC K15M, PEO, sodium CMC, Eudragit RS100 and precirol were formulated. Prior preformulation studies carried out on powder blend showed good flow properties. Routine quality evaluations of the VHL-SR tablets showed the diameter of the tablets of all formulations were found to be 9.0±0.0 mm and thickness ranged between 2.08±0.08 to 2.25±0.14 mm, hardness 4.08±0.20 - 5.50±0.31 kg/cm2 , percentage friability 0.24±0.03 - 0.45±0.01%, weight variation from 0-1.15%, drug content uniformity from 98.17±0.68 to 101.89±0.73%, all within Pharmacoepial limits. Results of in-vitro drug release study indicated that the formulation containing Carbopol 71G (50 mg), Xanthan gum (75 mg) and MCC (50 mg) extended the release of the VHL. Formulation F15 was the optimized one which gave satisfactory release (95.2%) for 16 hr and with a similarity factor (f2) 68.46, the release kinetics best explained by the Korsmeyer-peppas and Higuchi diffusion models. The “N” values between 0.5-1.0 in all the formulations exhibiting a non-Fickian release behavior controlled by a combination of diffusion and chain relaxation mechanism. The formulation showed appreciable stability under accelerated conditions after 2 m.
Antioxidative enzyme responses under single and combined effect of water and heavy metal stress in two Pigeon pea cultivars
Authors:   Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India, Battana Swapna , Ghanta Rama Gopal ,   Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India
Published: May 2022

Heavy metal toxicity and water stress are the two frequently co-occurring abiotic stresses restraining the growth of crop plants as the metal contaminated sites are over alarmingly increasing due to industrial pollution. The present study is to evaluate the effect of heavy metals (Cadmium, Chromium), PEG induced water stress and their combination on antioxidative enzyme activities in two Pigeon pea cultivars LRG-41 and Yashoda-45. The activities of antioxidative enzymes Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Polyphenol Oxidase and Glutathione Reductase registered higher values in both roots and shoots with all the single stress treatments when compared to their controls. The levels of antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were high in cv. Yashoda-45 than cv. LRG-41. Overall, cv Yashoda-45 has shown better tolerance to both heavy metal and water stress. These results may show the novel insight in to the responses associated with combined stress in the cultivars of economically important crop, Pigeon pea.
Natural gums and its pharmaceutical application
Authors:   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra Reclamation, Bandra, Mumbai-400050, India, Goswami Sunil , Naik Sonali ,   MET Institute of Pharmacy, MET Complex, Bandra Reclamation, Bandra, Mumbai-400050, India
Published: May 2022

Gums are widely used natural excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms. With the increasing interest in polymers of natural origin, the pharmaceutical world has compliance to use most of them in the formulations. In recent years, there has been a tremendous development in natural products, which are needed to be used for a variety of purposes. Nature has provided us a wide variety of materials to help improves and sustains the health of all living things either directly or indirectly. These natural materials have advantages over synthetic ones since they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable and widely available. They can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor made materials for drug-delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Moreover, the tremendous orientation of Pharma world towards these naturally derived polymers has become a subject of increasing interest to discover, extract and purify such compounds from the natural origin. Gums are the potent candidates to be used in various pharmaceutical formulations as a potential candidate for novel drug delivery system (NDDS). In this review, we describe the developments in natural gums for use in the pharmaceutical sciences.
Chronic anxiolytic activity of ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca bark in wistar albino rats
Authors:   Professor, Department of Pharmacology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Kuntikana, Mangalore 575004, Karnataka, India, V.R Manohar , R Chandrashekaw ,   Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India, Chandrashekaw Rashmi ,   Junior Research Fellow, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India, Rai Mohandas ,   Senior Prof & Head, Department of Pharmacology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Kuntikana, Mangalore 575004, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Objective: Anxiety is characterized by psychologically affected abnormal cognitive, somatic, emotional, and behavioral components. Anxiety is usually a normal reaction to stress in day to day life. But, when it becomes excessive, it comes under anxiety disorder. Commonly benzodiazepines (BZDs) are the major class of drugs used in anxiety and related disorders but, long-term use of the same may cause many adverse psychological and physical effects which vary from mild to severe. The objective of our study was to evaluate the chronic anxiolytic effect of Ethanolic Extract of Saraca asoca Bark (EESAB) in Wistar Albino Rats. Material and Methods: The rats weighing 150–200 gm were divided into 5 groups containing 6 animals for each dose and were housed for 10 days prior to testing. In this study, control (1% Gum acacia), test drug EESAB (100, 200 & 400 mg/ kg) and standard drug Diazepam (1.0 mg/kg) were administered orally once a day for ten days and one hour before the experiment on tenth day. Experiments were conducted by Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Results and Conclusions: Our results suggest that, behavioral disinhibitory effects of EESAB exhibited chronic anxiolytic activity at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg compared to control.
Nutritional composition, antinutritional factors and effect of boiling on nutritional composition of Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) tubers
Authors:   Department of Food Technology and Process Engineering, Wollega University P.O.Box:395, Ethiopia, Gemede Habtamu Fekadu
Published: May 2022

The raw and boiled Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) tubers were studied and compared for their nutritional composition: moisture, crude protein, total ash, crude fiber, crude fat, utilized carbohydrate and gross energy; minerals: Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, and P and antinutritional factors: phytate, oxalate, tannin and cyanide. The raw, boiled after peeling and boiled before peeling Anchote tubers had respective contents (g/100 g) of moisture 74.93, 81.74, and 76.73; for crude protein contents were 3.25, 2.67 and 3.14; of total ash contents were 2.19, 1.33, and 1.99; for crude fiber contents were 2.58, 3.71, and 2.77; for crude fat contents were 0.19, 0.13, and 0.14; for utilized carbohydrate contents were 16.86, 10.42 and 15.23; for gross energy contents were 82.12, 53.48 and 75.26. The raw, boiled after peeling and boiled before peeling Anchote tubers had respective contents (mg/100 g) of Ca 119.50, 115.70, and 118.20; for Fe contents were 5.49, 7.60, and 6.60; for Mg contents were 79.73, 73.50, and 76.47; for Zn contents were 2.23, 2.03, and 2.20; and for P contents were 34.61, 28.12, 25.45. The raw, boiled after peeling and boiled before peeling Anchote tubers had respective contents (mg/100g) of phytate 389.30, 333.63 and 334.74; for oxalate contents were 8.23, 4.23, and 4.66; for tannin contents were 173.55, 102.36 and 121.21; for cyanide contents were 12.67, 8.16 and 11.14..
QSPR study of maximum absorption wavelength of various flavones by multivariate image analysis and principal components-least squares support vector machine
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran, Khorshidi Neda , Sarkhosh Maryam ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran, Niazi Ali ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
Published: May 2022

A novel quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) model has been developed for the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) of 69 flavones. Modeling of λmax of these compounds as a function of the bidimensional images as descriptors was established by chemometrics methods. The resulted descriptors were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and the most significant principal components (PCs) were extracted. Multivariate image analysis applied to QSPR modeling was done by means of principal component-least squares support vector machine (PC-LSSVM) method. This model was applied for the prediction of the λmax of flavones, which were not in the modeling procedure with low standard errors and high correlation coefficient. The resulted model showed high prediction ability with root mean square error of prediction of 0.3815 for PC-LSSVM.
Evaluation of diuretic activity of gallic acid in normal rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, A.J. Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Mangalore 575004, India, Kateel Ramya , Rai Mohandas S. ,   Department of Pharmacology, A.J. Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Mangalore 575004, India, J. Ashok Kumar ,   Department of Biochemistry, A.J. Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Mangalore 575004, India
Published: May 2022

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the diuretic activity of Gallic acid in wistar albino rats. Methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rat each. Group 1 and group 2 served as control and standard group respectively where as group 3 and 4 were test group which were treated with Gallic acid either at the dose of 25 mg/kg or 50 mglkg orally. All the animals were fasted for 18hr before the experiment. All the animals were given with 2.5 ml/kg of normal saline to impose uniform salt load which was followed by drug treatment for each group. After that animals were kept individually in metabolic cages and observed for amount of urine collected. 24hr Urine samples were collected and analyzed for amount of sodium, potassium and chloride. Results: There was statistically significant increase in urine volume of standard and both the doses of Gallic acid (p<0.001). Urinary excretion of sodium and chloride were increased when compared to control group (p<0.001), Potassium excretion was also increased significantly in standard (p<0.001) and Gallic acid treated group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The result from present study shows that Gallic acid at the dose of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg posses significant diuretic activity.
Role of government in public health issues
Authors:   PG Resident (MD Community Medicine), AFMC Pune, India, Kulkarni Aniket , Kotwal Atul ,   Prof, Department of Community Medicine, AFMC Pune, India, Hiremath Ravishekar N ,   Deputy Assistant Director Health, Ranchi Division, Ranchi, India, Verma A K ,   Prof, Department of Community Medicine, AFMC Pune, India, Bhalla Sandeep ,   Senior Advisor (PSM), Jaipur, India, Singh Harpreet ,   Deputy Assistant Director Health, Northern Division, India
Published: May 2022

Health status of any country is represented by health care & demographic indicators which also measure government‟s efficiency and performance in health sector. Also, it has relevance in national progress. Governments have the responsibility for the health of the people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health & social measures”. Role of government in public health issues is multi-disciplinary and multi-directional, fulfilling roles of insurer, provider and regulator of health care. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched in 2005 has major innovations in the creation of a cadre of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and improved hospital care, decentralization at district level to improve intra and intersectoral convergence and effective utilization of resources. The various challenges government is facing include population growth, poverty, unexpected natural and manmade disasters, global pandemic of AIDS or influenza (H1N1), poor coverage in rural and remote areas and the constant threat of biomedical warfare. Lifestyle diseases are emerging to a great extent. Various solutions can be sought like prompt and effective health service delivery, health care financing and health legislative measures which are important to safeguard and to protect health of public. These must be strict and should clarify and articulate the role and functions of public health. To improve the purchasing power of community, government should focus on the creation of various job opportunities at individual local places wherever it is possible. For the industries, safe occupational environment must be ensured. Government should aim at ensuring highest possible level of physical, social and psychological wellbeing amongst the workers of all the populations. Thus role of government remains to ensure the availability, accessibility, quality and accountability of medical care to the community following the principle of equity. Thus, an organized and decentralized public health service system which will use the resources adequately with prioritization and by ensuring the strong political commitment, community participation, health legislation, health investment and more importantly bringing health care as a priority is the need of the hour.
Callus induction and shoot regeneration of Atropa acuminata Royle-a critically endangered medicinal plant species growing in Kashmir Himalaya
Authors:   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India, Maqbool Farhana , Singh Seema ,   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India, Kaloo Zahoor A ,   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India, Jan Mahroofa ,   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India, Meraj Maryum ,   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India
Published: May 2022

Atropa acuminata Royle, family Solanaceae, is an important medicinal plant species growing in Kashmir Himalaya. During the present study an efficient in vitro protocol has been standardized viz; Callus development and shoot regeneration. Callus development has been achieved from the leaf explant. Callus was obtained when leaf explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l after 62 days of inoculation. Callus developed from leaf explants differentiated into shoots on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins (IAA, NAA) and cytokinins (BAP). Maximum shoots regenerated on MS medium supplemented with BAP and IAA (3.0 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l) after 19 days.
Bioactivity of crude extracts of Nerium oleander Linn. extracted in polar and non polar solvents
Authors:   Department of Botany, Laboratory of Plant Tissue culture and Secondary Metabolites, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India., Fartyal Meenakshi , Kumar Padma ,   Professor, Department of Botany, Laboratory of Plant Tissue culture and Secondary Metabolites, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur302004, Rajasthan, India.
Published: May 2022

Today, the world is gradually turning to herbal formulations, which are known to be effective against a large repertoire of diseases and ailments. More importantly, they are not known to cause any notable derogatory effects and are readily available at affordable prices. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) Linn. Crude extracts from different parts (root, stem and leaf) of the plant were extracted using polar (Water and Methanol) and Non-polar (Petroleum ether) solvents and were screened for antibacterial activity by „Disc Diffusion Assay‟ against three Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Agrobacterium tumifaciens) and two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration and total activity of extracts against each sensitive pathogen have also been evaluated. Mean and Standard Deviation have also been calcultated. B. subtilis found to be the most susceptible organism followed by K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and E. coli. Pet ether extract of root (IZ=24 mm, MIC=0.078 mg/ml, MBC=0.039 mg/ml, TA=141.02 ml/g) and stem (IZ=20 mm, MIC=0.156 mg/ml, MBC= 0.078 mg/ml, TA= 16.02 ml/g) showed the best antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae respectively. Methanolic and water extract of leaf, stem and root, Pet ether extract of stem, Methanolic and water extract of stem and Pet ether extract of root and stem also showed very good activities against B. subtilis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and A. tumifaciens respectively. The range of MIC and MBC was found to be 1.25-0.078 mg/ml and 0.625-0.039 mg/ml respectively. Results reveal the great antimicrobial potency of tested extracts.
Clinico microbiological profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from diabetic foot ulcer
Authors:   MS General surgery, Assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, 585401, India, Kamtikar Rajesh , Mitra Nagaraj ,   MS General surgery, Senior resident, Department of Surgery, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar, 585401, India
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem, rapidly expanding worldwide. In India, it is projected that around 80 million will be affected by DM. Asia contributes to >60% of the world's population with diabetes, of which two nations; India and China contribute the largest. In developing countries like India, diabetic foot ulcerations and infections are one of the most common causes of hospitalization and often resulting in amputation, osteomyelitis, mortality and morbidity. Infection is most often a consequence of foot ulceration, which typically follows trauma to a neuropathic foot. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of P. aeruginosa from diabetic foot infections and to assess their susceptibility to the commonly used antibiotics. This was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South India conducted from January 2013 to August 2013. Culture materials from all the wounds were obtained, either by washing the wound with sterile physiological saline and then making a puncture-aspiration from the base of the wound or by applying a sterile cotton swab to the wound. A total of 77 patients were included in the study. 104 bacteria were isolated from 77 patients. Out of 104 bacteria, 39 (37.5%) were P. aeruginosa. Infection was polymicrobial is some cases and Gram negative bacteria were the most common organisms isolated. P. aeruginosa showed resistnce to most commonly used antibiotics, highest resistance was seen with Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin and least with Aztreonam an Imipenem. Other studies have reported similar findings. The major concern is emergence of resistance to third and fourth generation of Cephalosporins and even more alarming is Carbapenem resistance surfacing nowadays. The increasing prevalence of multi drug resistance in P. aeruginosa is a cause for concern. The selection of the antibiotic treatment should be based on the predominant organisms which are isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Sibr (Aloe vera) and its therapeutic efficacy described in Unani Medicine: A Review
Authors:   PG Scholars (MD), Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, India, Husain Sadique , Alam Md. Anzar ,   PG Scholars (MD), Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, India, Jahan Nasreen ,   Lecturer (MD), Dept. of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore560091, India, Ahmed Shamim ,   PG Scholars (MD), Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, India, S. Heena Kauser ,   PG Scholars (MD), Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore-560091, India
Published: May 2022

Elva is described in the Unani literature in the name of Sibr which is scattered throughout the world. During 1550 BCE the Ebers Papyrus describe the healing benefits of aloe for both internal and external conditions. Internally used for the cure of digestive system, including Qabz (constipation), Zofe Ishteha (Loss of appetite), Qarhae Medi (peptic ulcers), irritable bowel syndrome, Qaulanj (Colitis) as well as, Zeequn Nafas (asthma), Ziabetus Shakri (diabetes), Sartan (Cancer) and Taqwiyate Manat (enhancement of the immune system), and externally for eczema, dermatitis, sunburn et.. After analysis of literature review of classical text and scientific papers, it is shown some remarkable pharmacological activities such as Mushil (purgative), Mulayyin (Laxative), Dafe Iltehab (anti-inflammatory), Dafe Ziabetus (Hypoglycemic), Dafe Sartan (anticancer), Taqwiyate Qalb (Cardioprotective), Mundamile Qurooh (Anti-ulcer), anti-aging effect, antiviral, antioxidant, antiseptic and moisturizing. This review is an endeavor to emphasize the various traditional uses as well as pharmacological information on Elva.
Corporate Governance Practices in India: A Comparative Analysis of Senior and Middle Managers
Authors: Grover Dimple
Published: May 2022

Employees create wealth and bring sustainability to an organization. The organizations are building on their strength by adopting to the best governance mechanisms making employees as the enablers. The current paper investigates the perceptual differences of Senior & Junior Managers in the context of CG practices within an organization.  A sample of 255 employees from various public and private sector were assessed. The findings point towards difference between Senior and Junior Managers. Management Processes emerged as a significant variable.
Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 9, Issue-2: 63-66.
Morphological evaluation of styloid processes and their correlation with gender and age using Multidetector Computed tomography
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Lalchan Subita , KC Subhash , Gyawali Merina , Paudel Asheem , Koirala Krishna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The styloid process (SP) extends inferiorly from the temporal bone. Many neurovascular structures are closely related to its tip. Alteration in the length, angle and morphology of styloid process may lead to symptoms related to neurovascular compression. Hence it is necessary to know the normal variations before delineating the exact cause of symptoms related to head and neck region. This study was conducted to assess the variations in length, angle and morphology of styloid process and to correlate it with gender and age group.
Methods: The Patients of trauma undergoing Paranasal Sinus Computed Tomography (CT) scan who were otherwise asymptomatic prior to the trauma were included in the study. Images were evaluated in dedicated work station. Length of bilateral styloid process were measured. Angulation of the SP was defined in the coronal and sagittal planes, respectively and morphology was identified as type I, II, III and IV. Findings were correlated with gender and age group.
Results: A total of 192 patients were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 86 years. Mean length of right styloid process was 26.6±8.6 mm and mean length of left styloid process was 27.0±8.2 mm. There was no significant difference between the length of styloid process in males and females. Males had a significantly larger coronal angle as compared to females. There was a linear, weak, positive correlation between the length of styloid process and advancing age.
Conclusion: There was a wide variation in length, angle and morphology of styloid process.
Morphometric analysis of lumbar vertebrae using CT scans in Nepalese population
Authors: Paudel Suman , Paudel Ananta Hari , Paudel Anuj Krishna , Pun Benju Tilija , Kshetri Bikash Jang , Bastakoti Sanjiv , Jha Avinash Kumar , Jha Matsendra
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Understanding anatomy of the lumbar vertebrae is necessary to achieve clinical success during surgery, for the development of the spinal implants and instruments and to understand changes in elderly and in male and female patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 50 patients in Nepal to study the lumbar morphometric analysis of the vertebral body, intervertebral disc and spinal canal. Patients who underwent CT IVU for nephrolithiasis at our center were included for analysis of the lumbar morphometry. All the traumatic cases and pathological lesions, such as infection, tumor were excluded from the study. Patients having low backache due to probable intervertebral disc pathology were also excluded from the study. Data analysis was done from Microsoft excel and the mean, standard deviation and range were calculated.
Results: The anterior-posterior diameter of the vertebral body, varied from 25.97 mm at L1 to 29.39 mm at L5. The transverse diameter of the body ranged from 31.55 mm at L 1 to 44.13mm at L5. There were changes in height of body. First from L1 - L3 there was increase in height and from L4-L5 there was decrease in height with least height at L5 (22.71mm). According to our study the L1 vertebra has narrowest transverse diameter of spinal canal(21.25mm) whereas L4 has narrowest antero-posterior diameter of spinal canal(12.37mm).
Conclusion: In the lumbar area, detailed anatomical knowledge is critical for performing a safe operation. These findings give guidance to the surgeons during various approach while performing operative procedure like pedicle screws, vertebral body screws, cages and laminar hooks.
Improvement of practical training of professional teachers in commodity science
Authors: Koziy Tatyana
Published: May 2022

The subject of research: the need to improve the professional competence of the applicant by introducing new components of the curriculum and acquiring skills during practical work. The purpose of the study is to identify the main aspects and directions of professional competence, as well as its formation, which should be carried out in the process of training a teacher of vocational training in commodity science in higher education from the standpoint of modern practical approach. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of higher education institutions to increase the effectiveness of practical training of teachers of vocational training in commodity science. The results of the research and conclusions. On the basis of the conducted research, the improvement of the formation of professional competence of future teachers of professional training in commodity science is revealed, which is deepened and consolidated during the internship. Professional and practical training of bachelors is one of the main elements of the educational process and a prerequisite for their successful employment.
Interference inhibition of Plum pox virus, induced by a hairpin-RNA of viral origin, provides long-term resistance to PPV infection in adult plants of the Startovaya (Prunus domestica L.) variety
Authors: Sidorova T. N. , Mikhailov R. V. , Pushin A. S. , Miroshnichenko D. N. , Dolgov S. V.
Published: May 2022

In modern horticulture Plum pox virus (PPV) imposes serious threats to commercial plantations of a wide range of fruit species belonging to genera Prunus. Given the lack of natural genetic resources, which display reliable resistance to PPV infection, there has been considerable interest in using genetic engineering methods for targeted genome modification of stone fruit trees to control Sharka disease caused by PPV. Among the many virus defense mechanisms, RNA interference is shown to be the most promising transgenic disease-control strategy in plant biotechnology. The present study describes the production of transgenic PPV resistant European plum `Startovaya` (P. domestica L.) through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro leaf explants. Due to organogenesis from leaves, the established protocol allows the genetic engineering of the plum genome without losing clonal fidelity of original cultivar. Seven independent transgenic plum lines containing the self-complementary fragments of PPV-CP gene sequence separated by a PDK intron were generated using hpt as a selective gene and uidA as a reporter gene. The transformation was verified through the histochemical staining for β-glucuronidase activity, PCR amplification of appropriate vector products from isolated genomic DNA and Southern blot analysis of hairpin PPV-CP gene fragments. To clarify the virus resistance, plum buds infected by PPV-M strain were grafted onto 1-year-old transgenic plants, which further were grown into mature trees in the greenhouse. As evaluated by RT-PCR, DAS-ELISA, Western blot, Immuno Strip test, and visual observations, GM plum trees remained uninfected over 9 years. Infected branches that developed from grafted buds displayed obvious symptoms of Sharka disease over the years and maintained the high level of virus accumulation, whereby host transgenic trees had been constantly challenged with the pathogen. Since the virus was unable to spread to transgenic tissues, the stable expression of PPV-derived gene
Modern bioengineering approaches to creating resistance to the Plum pox virus in stone fruit crops
Authors: Dolgov S. V. , Kulikov I. M. , Burmenko Yu. V.
Published: May 2022

In recent years, Plum pox virus (PPV) has become a major threat to the cultivation of stone fruit plants. This virus has caused enormous economic damage and caused a significant decrease in production areas in eastern Europe and the Mediterranean. Plum pox virus has spread around the world and is classified by plant quarantine services as the most dangerous pathogen for apricots, plums and peaches Unfortunately, at present, science cannot offer any ways to treat viral plant diseases, and the destruction of infected trees remains the only way to contain the spread of viruses. Given the seriousness of the disease, the difficulty of controlling its spread, the lack of disease-resistant existing varieties, the need to create commercial varieties with increased resistance to this pathogen is obvious. Modern methods of genetic engineering make it possible to significantly accelerate the processes of creating highly productive plum varieties with increased or complete resistance to viruses, unattainable by traditional breeding methods. However, most of the work on the modification of the genomes of stone fruit crops was carried out using juvenile material of zygotic origin, which has a higher morphogenetic potential compared to varieties. The use of modern bioengineering techniques in the selection of stone fruit plants is hampered by the lack of reliable techniques that can provide a sufficiently high frequency of regeneration of shoots from somatic tissues. These and other reasons call for the development of an effective genotype-independent system for regenerating and modifying the genomes of commercial plum varieties. Given the rapid development of plant genome editing techniques, targeted mutation of host genes involved in replication and widespread PPV in infected tissues may be a promising approach for engineering resistance to viruses that exclude the introduction of foreign sequences into the plum genome.
Foreign Policy of India towards Pakistan: A Critical Analysis of BJP's Era
Authors: Sajjad Nimra , Batool Sara , Munir Tajjalla
Published: May 2022

Since the Indian nationalist party Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP)’s leader took the charge of the state, bilateral relations between India and Pakistan became rigid. The period from 2014 to 2020 has been discussed in the study. In Prime Minister Modi’s era, the tension between India and Pakistan over Kashmir has escalated because, in the second term, Prime Minister Narendra Modi revoked articles 370 and 35A, which gave the special status to Indian administered Kashmir. This study examines the basis of Indian foreign policy under the BJP’s administration and how Prime Minister Modi’s policy towards Pakistan and provides policy recommendations for practitioners to improve the bilateral ties with India.