bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the model representation of clouds based on visible and infrared satellite observations
Authors: Geiss Stefan , Scheck Leonhard , de Lozar Alberto , Weissmann Martin
Published: August 2021

Abstract. There is a rising interest in improving the representation of clouds in numerical weather prediction models. This will directly lead to improved radiation forecasts and, thus, to better predictions of the increasingly important production of photovoltaic power. Moreover, a more accurate representation of clouds is crucial for assimilating cloud-affected observations, in particular high-resolution observations from instruments on geostationary satellites. These observations can also be used to diagnose systematic errors in the model clouds, which are influenced by multiple parameterisations with many, often not well-constrained, parameters. In this study, the benefits of using both visible and infrared satellite channels for this purpose are demonstrated. We focus on visible and infrared Meteosat SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible InfraRed Imager) images and their model equivalents computed from the output of the ICON-D2 (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic, development version based on version 2.6.1; Zängl et al., 2015) convection-permitting, limited area numerical weather prediction model using efficient forward operators. We analyse systematic deviations between observed and synthetic satellite images derived from semi-free hindcast simulations for a 30 d summer period with strong convection. Both visible and infrared satellite observations reveal significant deviations between the observations and model equivalents. The combination of infrared brightness temperature and visible reflectance facilitates the attribution of individual deviations to specific model shortcomings. Furthermore, we investigate the sensitivity of model-derived visible and infrared observation equivalents to modified model and visible forward operator settings to identify dominant error sources. Estimates of the uncertainty of the visible forward operator turned out to be sufficiently low; thus, it can be used to assess the impact of model modifications. Results obtained for various changes in the model settings reveal that model assumptions on subgrid-scale water clouds are the primary source of systematic deviations in the visible satellite images. Visible observations are, therefore, well-suited to constrain subgrid cloud settings. In contrast, infrared channels are much less sensitive to the subgrid clouds, but they can provide information on errors in the cloud-top height.
High-temporal-resolution wet delay gradients estimated from multi-GNSS and microwave radiometer observations
Authors: Ning Tong , Elgered Gunnar
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We have used 1 year of multi-GNSS observations at the Onsala Space Observatory on the Swedish west coast to estimate the linear horizontal
gradients in the wet propagation delay. The estimated gradients are compared to the corresponding ones from a microwave radiometer. We have
investigated different temporal resolutions from 5 min to 1 d. Relative to the GPS-only solution and using an elevation cutoff angle of
10∘ and a temporal resolution of 5 min, the improvement obtained for the solution using GPS, Glonass, and Galileo data is an
increase in the correlation coefficient of 11 % for the east gradient and 20 % for the north gradient. Out of all the different GNSS
solutions, the highest correlation is obtained for the east gradients and a resolution of 2 h, while the best agreement for the north
gradients is obtained for 6 h. The choice of temporal resolution is a compromise between getting a high correlation and the possibility of
detecting rapid changes in the gradient. Due to the differences in geometry of the observations, gradients which happen suddenly are either not
captured at all or captured but with much less amplitude by the GNSS data. When a weak constraint is applied in the estimation of process, the GNSS
data have an improved ability to track large gradients, however, at the cost of increased formal errors.
Automatic calculation of the magnetometer zero offset using the interplanetary magnetic field based on the Wang-Pan method
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Wang Guoqiang , Pan Zonghao , Zhang Tielong
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The space-borne fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) needs regular in-flight calibration to obtain its zero offset. Recently, a new method based on the properties of Alfvén waves for the zero offset calibration was developed by Wang and Pan (2021). They found that there exists an optimal offset line (OOL) in the offset cube for a pure Alfvén wave, and the zero offset can be determined by the intersection of at least two non-parallel OOLs. Since no pure Alfvén waves exist in the interplanetary magnetic field, the calculation of the zero offset relies on the selection of the highly Alfvénic fluctuation event. Here, we propose an automatic procedure to find highly Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind and calculate the zero offset. This procedure includes three parts: (1) selection of highly Alfvénic fluctuation events, (2) evaluation of the OOL of the selected fluctuation events, and (3) determination of the zero offset. We test our automatic procedure by applying it to the magnetic field data measured by the FGM onboard Venus Express. The tests reveal that our automatic procedure is able to achieve as good results as the Davis-Smith method. One advantage of our procedure is that the selection criteria and process for the highly Alfvénic fluctuation event are simpler. Our automatic procedure might also be applied to find fluctuation events for the Davis-Smith method after proper modification.
Sea Ice Changes in the Southwest Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean During the Last 140,000 Years
Authors: Jones Jacob , Kohfeld Karen , Bostock Helen , Crosta Xavier , Liston Melanie , Dunbar Gavin , Chase Zanna , Leventer Amy , Anderson Harris , Jacobsen Geraldine
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Sea ice expansion in the Southern Ocean is believed to have contributed to glacial-interglacial atmospheric CO2 variability by inhibiting air-sea gas exchange and influencing the ocean’s meridional overturning circulation. However, limited data on past sea ice coverage over the last 140 ka (a complete glacial cycle) have hindered our ability to link sea ice expansion to oceanic processes that affect atmospheric CO2 concentration. Assessments of past sea ice coverage using diatom assemblages have primarily focused on the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 ka) to Holocene, with few quantitative reconstructions extending to the onset of glacial Termination II (~135 ka). Here we provide new estimates of winter sea ice concentrations (wSIC) and summer sea surface temperatures (sSSTs) for a full glacial-interglacial cycle from the southwestern Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean using fossil diatom assemblages from deep-sea core TAN1302-96 (59.09° S, 157.05° E, water depth 3099 m). We find that winter sea ice was consolidated over the core site during the latter part of the penultimate glaciation, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 (from at least 140 to 134 ka), when sSSTs were between ~1 and 1.5 °C. The winter sea ice edge then retreated rapidly as sSSTs increased during the transition into the Last Interglacial Period (MIS 5e), reaching ~4.5 °C by 125 ka. As the Earth entered the early glacial stages, sSSTs began to decline around 112 ka, but winter sea ice largely remained absent until ~65 ka during MIS 4, when it was sporadically present but unconsolidated (< 40 % wSIC). WSIC and sSSTs reached their maximum concentration and coolest values by 24.5 ka, just prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Winter sea ice remained absent throughout the Holocene, while SSSTs briefly exceeded modern values, reaching ~5 °C by 11.4 ka, before decreasing to ~4 °C and stabilizing. The absence of sea ice coverage over the core site during the early glacial period suggests that sea ice may not have been a major contributor to CO2 drawdown at this time. During MIS 5d, we observe a weakening of meridional SST gradients between 42° to 59° S throughout the region, which may have contributed to early reductions in atmospheric CO2 concentrations through its impact on air-sea gas exchange. Sea ice expansion during MIS 4, however, coincides with observed reductions in Antarctic Intermediate Water production and subduction, suggesting that sea ice may have influenced intermediate ocean circulation changes.
IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 62
Authors: Miyawaki Ritsuro , Hatert Frédéric , Pasero Marco , Mills Stuart J.
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The information given here is provided by the IMA Commission on New
Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification for comparative purposes and as a
service to mineralogists working on new species. Each mineral is described in the following format:
mineral name, if the authors agree on its release prior to the full
description appearing in press; chemical formula; type locality; full authorship of proposal; e-mail address of the corresponding author; relationship with other minerals; crystal system, space group, structure determined, yes or no; unit-cell parameters; strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern; type specimen repository and specimen number; citation details for the mineral prior to publication of the full description.
Citation details concern the fact that this information will be published in
the European Journal of Mineralogy on a routine basis as well as being added month by month to the commission's website. It is still a requirement for the authors to publish a full description of
the new mineral. No other information will be released by the commission.
Sea level dynamics and coastal erosion in the Baltic Sea region
Authors: Weisse Ralf , Dailidienė Inga , Hünicke Birgit , Kahma Kimmo , Madsen Kristine , Omstedt Anders , Parnell Kevin , Schöne Tilo , Soomere Tarmo , Zhang Wenyan , Zorita Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Abstract. There are a large number of geophysical processes affecting sea level dynamics and coastal erosion in the Baltic Sea region. These processes operate on a large range of spatial and temporal scales and are observed in many other coastal regions worldwide. This, along with the outstanding number of long data records, makes the Baltic Sea a unique laboratory for advancing our knowledge on interactions between processes steering sea level and erosion in a climate change context. Processes contributing to sea level dynamics and coastal erosion in the Baltic Sea include the still ongoing viscoelastic response of the Earth to the last deglaciation, contributions from global and North Atlantic mean sea level changes, or contributions from wind waves affecting erosion and sediment transport along the subsiding southern Baltic Sea coast. Other examples are storm surges, seiches, or meteotsunamis which primarily contribute to sea level extremes. Such processes have undergone considerable variation and change in the past. For example, over approximately the past 50 years, the Baltic absolute (geocentric) mean sea level has risen at a rate slightly larger than the global average. In the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, due to vertical land movements, relative mean sea level has decreased. Sea level extremes are strongly linked to variability and changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation. The patterns and mechanisms contributing to erosion and accretion strongly depend on hydrodynamic conditions and their variability. For large parts of the sedimentary shores of the Baltic Sea, the wave climate and the angle at which the waves approach the nearshore region are the dominant factors, and coastline changes are highly sensitive to even small variations in these driving forces. Consequently, processes contributing to Baltic sea level dynamics and coastline change are expected to vary and to change in the future, leaving their imprint on future Baltic sea level and coastline change and variability. Because of the large number of contributing processes, their relevance for understanding global figures, and the outstanding data availability, global sea level research and research on coastline changes may greatly benefit from research undertaken in the Baltic Sea.
Active rock glaciers of the contiguous United States: geographic information system inventory and spatial distribution patterns
Authors: Johnson Gunnar , Chang Heejun , Fountain Andrew
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In this study we present the Portland State University Active Rock
Glacier Inventory (n=10 332) for the contiguous United States, derived
from the manual classification of remote sensing imagery (Johnson, 2020;
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918585). Individually, these active rock
glaciers are found across widely disparate montane environments, but their
overall distribution unambiguously favors relatively high, arid mountain
ranges with sparse vegetation. While at least one active rock glacier is
identified in each of the 11 westernmost states, nearly 88 % are found in
just five states: Colorado (n=3889), Montana (n=1813), Idaho (n=1689), Wyoming (n=839), and Utah (n=834). Mean active rock glacier
area is estimated at 0.10 km2, with cumulative active rock glacier area
totaling 1004.05 km2. Active rock glaciers are assigned to a three-tier
classification system based on area thresholds and surface characteristics
known to correlate with downslope movement. Class 1 features (n=7042,
average area = 0.12 km2) appear to be highly active, Class 2 features
(n=2415, average area = 0.05 km2) appear to be intermediately
active, and Class 3 features (n=875, average area = 0.04 km2)
appear to be minimally active. This geospatial inventory will allow past
active rock glacier research findings to be spatially extrapolated, help
facilitate further active rock glacier research by identifying field study
sites, and serve as a valuable training set for the development of automated
rock glacier identification and classification methods applicable to other
large regional studies.
Identification of rock and fracture kinematics in high alpine rockwalls under the influence of elevation
Authors: Draebing Daniel
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In alpine environments, tectonic processes, past glaciation and weathering processes fracture rock and prepare or trigger rockfalls, which are important processes of rock slope evolution and natural hazards. In this study, I quantify thermally and ice-induced rock and fracture kinematics and place these in the context of their role in producing rockfall and climate change. I conducted laboratory measurements on intact rock samples and installed temperature loggers and crackmeters at four rockwalls reaching from 2585 to 2935 m in elevation in the Hungerli Valley, Swiss Alps. My laboratory data show that thermal expansion followed three phases of rock kinematics, which resulted in a hysteresis effect. In the field, control crackmeters on intact rock reflected these temperature phases, and based on thermal expansion coefficients of these observed phases, I modelled thermal stress. Model results show that thermal stress magnitudes were predominantly below rock strengths. Crackmeters across fractures revealed fracture opening during cooling and reverse closing behaviour during warming on daily timescales. Elevation-dependent snow cover controlled the number of daily temperature changes and thermal stresses affecting both intact and fractured rock, while the magnitude is controlled by topographic factors influencing insolation. On a seasonal scale, slow ice-segregation-induced fracture opening can occur within lithology-dependent temperature regimes called frost cracking windows. Shear plane dipping controlled whether fractures opened or closed irreversibly with time due to thermally induced block crawling on an annual scale. Climate change will shorten snow duration and increase temperature extremes and will, therefore, affect the number and the magnitude of thermal changes and associated stresses. Earlier snowmelt in combination with temperature increase will shift the ice-induced kinematic processes to higher elevations. In conclusion, climate change will affect and change rock and fracture kinematics and, therefore, change rockfall patterns in alpine environments. Future work should quantify rockfall patterns and link these patterns to climatic drivers.
The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Xiao-Ting , Deng Wei-Yu-Dong , Zhou Zhe-Kun , Wappler Torsten , Su Tao
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) played a crucial role in shaping the biodiversity in Asia during the Cenozoic. However, fossil records attributed to insects are still scarce from the QTP, which limits our understanding on the evolution of biodiversity in this large region. Fulgoridae (lanternfly) is a group of large planthopper in body size, which is found primarily in tropical regions. The majority of the Fulgoridae bear brilliant colors and elongated heads. The fossil records of Fulgoridae span from the Eocene to Miocene in the Northern Hemisphere, and only a few fossil species from Neogene deposits have been reported in Asia so far. Here, we report a new fossil record of Fulgoridae from the middle Eocene Lunpola Basin, central QTP. The specimen is in lateral compression, with complete abdomen, thorax, and part of the wings preserved, while most of the head is missing. It belongs to the “lower Fulgoroidea” judging by several strong lateral spines on the hind tibia and a row of teeth at the apex of the second metatarsomere. This fossil specimen is assigned to Fulgoridae by comparison with nine families of the “lower Fulgoroidea”. The specimen represents the earliest Fulgoridae fossil record in Asia and was considered a new morphotaxon based on the peculiar legs and wings. Based on the modern distribution of fulgorid and other paleontological evidence, we suggest a warm climate with relatively low elevation during the middle Eocene in the central QTP. Therefore, this new fossil record not only provides important information on insect diversity in the middle Eocene, but also gives new evidence on the paleoenvironment in the core area of the QTP from the perspective of an insect.
COSMO-CLM regional climate simulations in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) framework: a review
Authors: Sørland Silje Lund , Brogli Roman , Pothapakula Praveen Kumar , Russo Emmanuele , Van de Walle Jonas , Ahrens Bodo , Anders Ivonne , Bucchignani Edoardo , Davin Edouard L. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Dosio Alessandro , Feldmann Hendrik , Früh Barbara , Geyer Beate , Keuler Klaus , Lee Donghyun , Li Delei , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , Min Seung-Ki , Panitz Hans-Jürgen , Rockel Burkhardt , Schär Christoph , Steger Christian , Thiery Wim
Published: August 2021

Abstract. In the last decade, the Climate Limited-area Modeling Community (CLM-Community) has contributed to the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) with an extensive set of regional climate simulations. Using several versions of the COSMO-CLM-Community model, ERA-Interim reanalysis and eight global climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were dynamically downscaled with horizontal grid spacings of 0.44∘ (∼ 50 km), 0.22∘ (∼ 25 km), and 0.11∘ (∼ 12 km) over the CORDEX domains Europe, South Asia, East Asia, Australasia, and Africa. This major effort resulted in 80 regional climate simulations publicly available through the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) web portals for use in impact studies and climate scenario assessments. Here we review the production of these simulations and assess their results in terms of mean near-surface temperature and precipitation to aid the future design of the COSMO-CLM model simulations. It is found that a domain-specific parameter tuning is beneficial, while increasing horizontal model resolution (from 50 to 25 or 12 km grid spacing) alone does not always improve the performance of the simulation. Moreover, the COSMO-CLM performance depends on the driving data. This is generally more important than the dependence on horizontal resolution, model version, and configuration. Our results emphasize the importance of performing regional climate projections in a coordinated way, where guidance from both the global (GCM) and regional (RCM) climate modeling communities is needed to increase the reliability of the GCM–RCM modeling chain.
Remote sensing-aided large-scale rainfall-runoff modelling in the humid tropics
Authors: Arciniega-Esparza Saúl , Birkel Christian , Chavarría-Palma Andrés , Arheimer Berit , Breña-Naranjo Agustín
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Streamflow simulation across the tropics is limited by the lack of data to calibrate and validate large-scale hydrological models. Here, we applied the process-based, conceptual HYPE (Hydrological Predictions for the Environment) model to quantitively assess Costa Rica’s water resources at a national scale. Data scarcity was compensated using adjusted global topography and remotely-sensed climate products to force, calibrate, and independently evaluate the model. We used a global temperature product and bias-corrected precipitation from CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data) as model forcings. Daily streamflow from 13 gauges for the period 1990–2003 and monthly MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) potential evapotranspiration (PET) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) for the period 2000–2014 were used to calibrate and evaluate the model applying four different model configurations. The calibration consisted in step-wise parameter constraints preserving the best parameter sets from previous simulations in an attempt to balance the variable data availability and time periods. The model configurations were independently evaluated using hydrological signatures such as the baseflow index, runoff coefficient, and aridity index, among others. Results suggested that a two-step calibration using monthly and daily streamflow was a better option instead of calibrating only with daily streamflow. Additionally, including PET and AET in the calibration improved the simulated water balance and better matched hydrological signatures. Thus, the constrained parameter uncertainty increased the confidence in the simulation results. Such a large-scale hydrological model has the potential to be used operationally across the humid tropics informing decision making at relatively high spatial and temporal resolution.
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019
Authors: Solomon Amy , Heuzé Céline , Rabe Benjamin , Bacon Sheldon , Bertino Laurent , Heimbach Patrick , Inoue Jun , Iovino Doroteaciro , Mottram Ruth , Zhang Xiangdong , Aksenov Yevgeny , McAdam Ronan , Nguyen An , Raj Roshin P. , Tang Han
Published: August 2021

Abstract. The Arctic climate system is rapidly transitioning into a new
regime with a reduction in the extent of sea ice, enhanced mixing in the
ocean and atmosphere, and thus enhanced coupling within the
ocean–ice–atmosphere system; these physical changes are leading to ecosystem
changes in the Arctic Ocean. In this review paper, we assess one of the
critically important aspects of this new regime, the variability of Arctic
freshwater, which plays a fundamental role in the Arctic climate system by
impacting ocean stratification and sea ice formation or melt. Liquid and solid
freshwater exports also affect the global climate system, notably by
impacting the global ocean overturning circulation. We assess how freshwater
budgets have changed relative to the 2000–2010 period. We include
discussions of processes such as poleward atmospheric moisture transport,
runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet and Arctic glaciers, the role of snow on
sea ice, and vertical redistribution. Notably, sea ice cover has become
more seasonal and more mobile; the mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet
increased in the 2010s (particularly in the western, northern, and southern regions)
and imported warm, salty Atlantic waters have shoaled. During 2000–2010, the
Arctic Oscillation and moisture transport into the Arctic are in-phase and
have a positive trend. This cyclonic atmospheric circulation pattern forces
reduced freshwater content on the Atlantic–Eurasian side of the Arctic Ocean
and freshwater gains in the Beaufort Gyre. We show that the trend in Arctic
freshwater content in the 2010s has stabilized relative to the 2000s,
potentially due to an increased compensation between a freshening of the
Beaufort Gyre and a reduction in freshwater in the rest of the Arctic Ocean.
However, large inter-model spread across the ocean reanalyses and
uncertainty in the observations used in this study prevent a definitive
conclusion about the degree of this compensation.
What is the surface mass balance of Antarctica? An intercomparison of regional climate model estimates
Authors: Mottram Ruth , Hansen Nicolaj , Kittel Christoph , van Wessem J. Melchior , Agosta Cécile , Amory Charles , Boberg Fredrik , van de Berg Willem Jan , Fettweis Xavier , Gossart Alexandra , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , van Meijgaard Erik , Orr Andrew , Phillips Tony , Webster Stuart , Simonsen Sebastian B. , Souverijns Niels
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We compare the performance of five different regional climate models (RCMs) (COSMO-CLM2, HIRHAM5, MAR3.10, MetUM, and RACMO2.3p2), forced by ERA-Interim reanalysis, in simulating the near-surface climate and surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctica. All models simulate Antarctic climate well when compared with daily observed temperature and pressure, with nudged models matching daily observations slightly better than free-running models.
The ensemble mean annual SMB over the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) including ice shelves is 2329±94 Gt yr−1 over the common 1987–2015 period covered by all models. There is large interannual variability, consistent between models due to variability in the driving ERA-Interim reanalysis. Mean annual SMB is sensitive to the chosen period; over our 30-year climatological mean period (1980 to 2010), the ensemble mean is 2483 Gt yr−1. However, individual model estimates vary from 1961±70 to 2519±118 Gt yr−1. The largest spatial differences between model SMB estimates are in West Antarctica, the Antarctic Peninsula, and around the Transantarctic Mountains. We find no significant trend in Antarctic SMB over either period. Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) mass loss is currently equivalent to around 0.5 mm yr−1 of global mean sea level rise (Shepherd et al., 2020), but our results indicate some uncertainty in the SMB contribution based on RCMs.
We compare modelled SMB with a large dataset of observations, which, though biased by undersampling, indicates that many of the biases in SMB are common between models. A drifting-snow scheme improves modelled SMB on ice sheet surface slopes with an elevation between 1000 and 2000 m, where strong katabatic winds form. Different ice masks have a substantial impact on the integrated total SMB and along with model resolution are factored into our analysis. Targeting undersampled regions with high precipitation for observational campaigns will be key to improving future estimates of SMB in Antarctica.
The Logic of Dispossession
Authors: Mondal Lipon
Published: August 2021

One particular focus of world-systems analysis is to examine the historical trajectory of capitalist transformation in peripheral regions. This paper investigates the capitalist transformation in a specific peripheral area—the country of Bangladesh. In particular, it examines the role of dispossession in transforming an agricultural society into a neoliberal capitalist society by looking at the transformation of Panthapath Street in Dhaka, Bangladesh, since 1947. Building on the existing literature of dispossession, this article proposes an approach that explains the contribution of dispossession in capitalist accumulation. The proposed theory consists of four logics of dispossession: transformative, exploitative, redistributive, and hegemonic. These four logics of dispossession, both individually and dialectically reinforcing one another, work to privatize the commons, proletarianize subsistence laborers, create antagonistic class relations, redistribute wealth upward, and commodify sociopolitical and cultural aspects of urban life. This paper’s central argument is that dispossession not only converted an agricultural society into a capitalist society in Bangladesh, but that dispossession continues to reproduce the country’s existing capitalist system. This research draws on a wide range of empirical and historical evidence collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2017 and 2018.
Capitalizing on Green Debt
Authors: Ferrando Tomaso , De Oliveira  Junqueira Gabriela , Vecchione-Gonçalves Marcela , Miola Iagê , Marques Prol Flávio , Herrera Hector
Published: August 2021

Green bonds represent an increasingly popular way to match “environmental sustainability,” growth, and the aspirations of global financial capital. In this article, we leverage a world-ecology approach to unpack and make sense of green bonds as public/private constructions that shape and subordinate the complex ecologies of territories to the needs of finance and reproduce the global patterns of uneven development and capitalist accumulation. Through the study of recent green bond issuances realized by private companies active in the forestry sector in Brazil, we discuss how green bonds as a “new” form of “green” debt put nature at work and transform the territories and natural elements in the global south into “temporal and spatial fixes” for the needs of global financial capital.
Sex, sleaze and righteous anger: The rise and fall of gay magazines and newspapers in Australia
Authors: Fisher Jeremy
Published: August 2021

For much of the 20th century, homosexuality was illegal in Australia. The country was

also subject to draconian censorship; overt homosexual works were banned. In the late

1960s and early 1970s, however, social change was afoot and publications of the

homosexual rights and gay liberation movements began to appear, soon joined by more

commercial publications aligned to an increasingly overt gay sub-culture. These

publications prospered over the next three decades. Their focus ranged from earnest

proselytising to post-modern pornography. Most maintained strong links to their

readerships, even though many of them were distributed free of charge and relied on

advertising to survive. This paper chronicles the range of these publications and

examines how they helped develop and foster a gay, lesbian or queer readership (and

hence outside the mainstream); explores how and why the printed forms of these

publications gradually merged within the mainstream as same-sex relationships lost

their deviance; and notes that these publications have largely been replaced by digital

alternatives in the 21st century.
Modelling the creative and professional self: The magazine profile as narrative of transition and transformation
Authors: Williamson Rosemary
Published: August 2021

The profile, a magazine feature article with a biographical dimension, serves not only

to entertain but also to articulate the values and aspirations of communities formed

around magazines. This is seen in special-interest magazines aimed at a readership

united by an interest in a specific form of creative practice. To illustrate, this paper

provides an overview of profiles from three Australian magazines for quilt-makers:

Down under quilts, Australian patchwork & quilting and _Australian quilters

companion_. The paper draws on issues from 2010 to 2013 to identify recurring

narrative features of the profile, which for readers shapes ‘the quilter’ archetypically

and presents her many variations. The paper relates its findings to rhetorical theory on

narrative, and comments on the significance of its findings in the context of the

creative industries.
Magazine studies: Pedagogy and practice in a nascent field
Authors: Le Masurier Megan , Johinke Rebecca
Published: August 2021

This essay considers the status of magazine studies as a cohesive and coherent

discipline. We ponder why magazine studies, if considered at all, is usually conflated or

elided with periodical studies and question whether this should be the case. We suggest

that in addition to practical, methodological and disciplinary challenges (such as access

to comprehensive searchable digital archives), and unlike periodical studies, magazine

studies has been neglected because of associations with everyday culture and the

feminine. We argue that magazine studies offers many rewards for scholars working in

writing, literary and media studies and we offer up a case study of two of our

postgraduate coursework units of study as examples of pedagogy and practice in a

nascent field.
A relação público-privado como objeto de pesquisa no campo da Política Educacional: teoria gramsciana em foco
Authors: Sakata Kelly Letícia da Silva , Melo Douglas Christian Ferrari de
Published: August 2021

Este texto tem por objetivo refletir sobre as categorias gramscianas utilizadas em pesquisas que possuem como objeto de estudo a relação público-privado no campo da Política Educacional. Para tanto, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e estudo teórico ancorado na perspectiva marxista, discute-se a relação público-privado na Política Educacional brasileira e indica-se como determinados grupos da sociedade civil organizada se caracterizam como Aparelhos privados de hegemonia. Em seguida, identificam-se as categorias gramscianas utilizadas em pesquisas sobre a relação público-privado, no intuito de refletir sobre suas contribuições. Conclui-se que a relação público-privado é um relevante objeto de estudo, pois evidencia como as categorias Estado, hegemonia e intelectual orgânico estão presentes nas pesquisas, sendo fundamentais para a análise da relação público-privado no campo da Política Educacional.
Use of vitamin preparations in the skin care process
Authors:   Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomii, Prawa i Nauk Medycznych im. E. Lipińskiego w Kielcach, Marwicka Justyna , Gałuszka Aleksandra ,   Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
Published: August 2021

Vitamins exhibit a wide spectrum of activity. They take part in all vital processes in the organisms and are responsible for young and healthy appearance of the skin. Each of the vitamins is characterized by individual properties and their own way of activity. The aim of the study was to present the most common vitamins in cosmetic products and their influence on the condition of the skin, hair and nails. Vitamin deficiency can cause not only changes and diseases inside the body, but also may impair skin conditionssuch as: altered tone, grayish and bruising around eyes, visible blood vessels, discoloration and lack of elasticity. Synergistic supplementation of vitamins, both oral and external, can improve the appearance of the skin and reduce changes caused by environmental factors.
Competition as a form of promotion of the beauty salon on social media platform
Authors:   Kancelaria Radcy Prawnego Natalia Stojanowska, Stojanowska Natalia
Published: August 2021

There are many forms of promoting a company and its products that can be organized on social media platforms. The most popular ones are: premium sales, loyalty program, promotional lotteries, competition, and although they seem similar, they differ significantly, in particular with regard to formal requirements. The aim of the article is to discuss the outline of a competition organized in the form of a public promise of reward, indication of the requirements of popular social media platforms towards organizers of such promotional campaigns, and to draw attention to the most common mistakes. Beauty salon owners planning to organize a competition in social media should especially take care of its legal correctness, because it affects not only their legal liability, but also the public perception.
Manual scar therapy on the example of a caesarean section scar
Authors:   Unisono Medica, Daniszewska-Jarząb Iga , Jarząb Sławomir ,   Divison of Rehabilitation in Movement Disorders, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University
Published: August 2021

Surgical procedures (including cesarean section) or accidental cuts, may leave marks on the skin in the form of scars and accompanying ailments. There are many methods of scar treatment, including physiotherapeutic techniques. The aim of the study was to present the issues of manual work with a scar on the example of a scar after a caesarean section. Soft tissue manipulation techniques allow physiotherapists to be effective in removing the negative effects of poor wound healing, including restoring the aesthetics of visible tissues.
The South China Sea Impasse and Implications for World Politics
Authors: G.I. Sheriff , N. Esther
Published: August 2021

The paper examines the South China Sea impasse between China and its neighbours in the region as well as the United States, which tries to see the sea as an open maritime area for international navigation. Using the secondary documented literature, findings show that the South China Sea is naturally endowed with variegated natural resources ranging from oil, gas and habitable islands that can be developed and this is the reason behind the impasse. The paper concludes that the South China Sea is increasingly a hotspot of conflict between China and the US; it is the subject of several overlapping territorial disputes. Like in most geopolitical tensions, trade would be a prime casualty in case of an escalation. The paper recommends that China, which is the claimant of the South China Sea, and other countries involved should dialogue and come up with policies that are favourable to all parties involved.
Effect 1 of NMDA Receptor Agonist and Antagonist on Nicotine withdrawal induced Hyperexcitability in Mice
Authors: Patle Priti , Tenpe Chandrashekhar , Rathod Sumit , Gautam Durgesh
Published: August 2021

Kynurenic acid is a recognized broad-spectrum antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors with a particularly high affinity for the glycine co-agonist site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex. D- Cycloserine is a NMDA receptor partial agonist which facilitate in an initiation of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and dependence. Thus, the influence of kynurenic acid treatment on the development and expression of nicotine dependence was tested by using the nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability paradigm. Mice were provided with a nutritionally balanced control liquid diet as the sole nutrient source on day 0; from day 1–4 (nicotine 25µg), from day 5–7 (nicotine, 50ug) and from day 8–10 (nicotine, 100ug) was incorporated into the liquid diet. On day 11, the nicotine liquid diet was replaced with nutritionally balanced control liquid diet, and nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability signs were recorded. The results revealed that acute administration of kunurenic acid (50 and 100mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability signs, and these results were comparable to D- Cycloserine (50 and 100mg/kg, i.p.) Further, chronic administration of kunurenic acid (50 and 100mg/kg, i.p.) to the nicotine diet fed mice markedly attenuated the nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability signs. In conclusion, the results and evidence suggest that kinurenic acid exhibited an inhibitory influence against nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperexcitability signs, which could be mediated through its neuromodulatory action.
Dissolution and Dissolution Test Apparatus: A Review
Authors: Salve Priyanka M. , Sonawane Shital V. , Patil Mayuri B. , Surawase Rajendra K.
Published: August 2021

Dissolution is an official test. These used by pharmacopeias for evaluating drug release of solid and semisolid dosages forms. The application of the dissolution testing ensures consistent product quality and to predict in vivo drug bioavailability. The dissolution test, in its simplest form, placing the formulation in a dissolution apparatus containing suitable dissolution medium, allowing it to dissolved specified period of time and then using appropriate rational method to determine the amount of drug. Dissolution test are probative and analysis like drug degradation profile, shelf-life studies, stability, physical and mechanical testing of dosage forms. The present review outlines findings on various dissolution apparatus, various methods and their modification. Dissolution testing the of various dosage form like Delayed release dosage form, Immediate release dosage form, Extended-release dosage form, Powders, Chewable tablets, Transdermal delivery system, Buccal tablets, Soft gelatin capsule, Chewing gums, Suppositories, Aerosols and others semisolids. This article goal of the description of the all-official dissolution testing apparatus.
A Desk Top Allusion to The Rare Orphan Diseases and Orphan Drugs: Possessions to Discern by Every Healthcare Professional
Authors: Ahad Hindustan Abdul , Haranath Chinthaginjala , Kumar Bhupalam Pradeep , Roy Debaraj , Dharani Bhavani Haribabu Sai , Ayisha Momin Umaira
Published: August 2021

This article gives a brief knowledge about orphan diseases and drugs. An orphan disease is a rare illness lack market and resource data for the treatment and the drugs used for their treatment are called orphan drugs. The pharmaceutical firms show less interest in the development of drugs to treat them, and lack profit without government assistance. The authors reviewed published scientific literature and grouped a broad list of Orphan diseases and orphan drugs. The article summarizes the entire list of orphan diseases and drugs with their description.
Evaluation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
Authors: Kumar Ravi
Published: August 2021

In the “ecosystems-first” approach to the origins of life, networks of noncovalent assemblies of molecules (composomes), rather than individual protocells, evolved under the constraints of molecular complementarity. Composomes evolved into the hyperstructures of modern bacteria. We extend the ecosystems-first approach to explain the origin of eukaryotic cells through the integration of mixed populations of bacteria. We suggest that mutualism and symbiosis resulted in cellular mergers entailing the loss of redundant hyperstructures, the uncoupling of transcription and translation, and the emergence of introns and multiple chromosomes. Molecular complementarity also facilitated integration of bacterial hyperstructures to perform cytoskeletal and movement functions.
Immuno-Boosters as Health Accelerants to Tackle Viral Infections
Authors: Ahad Hindustan Abdul , Haranath Chinthaginjala , Tarun Ksheerasagare , Krishna Jyothi Vinay , Chandana Nichenametla , Chandana Nichenametla , Indrani Boya
Published: August 2021

The immune framework is one of nature's most entrancing creations. It is an astonishing assurance system intended to protect us against many microorganisms, infections, organisms, poisons and parasites. The immune framework is intricate. It is comprised of a few sorts of cells and proteins that have various tasks to take care of in battling against unfamiliar trespassers. On the off chance that the immune framework is working appropriately, we are shielded from perils brought about by organisms. If not, we endure disorder and illness. It is conceivable to intercede in this cycle and make our immune framework more grounded utilizing immune sponsors. Immune supporters work from various perspectives. They increment the number of white platelets in the immune framework armed force, train them to battle against microorganisms causing illnesses. This audit article gives a general view about some significant way of life and food propensities that support resistance.
Nanosuspension a Promising Tool for Solubility Enhancement: A Review
Authors: Raj H. Dode , Prasad S. Mogal , Ujwala N. Pagar , Jagruti J. Pansare , Rajendra K. Surawase
Published: August 2021

Nanotechnology is the science that manages the interaction that happens at sub-atomic level and of nano length scale size. Nano alludes to the molecule size in between of 1-1000nm. Nanosuspensions are going under nanotechnology. A drug Nanosuspension is characterized as finely colloid, biphasic, scattered strong medication particles in a fluid vehicle, size under 1 μm settled by surfactants and polymers arranged by reasonable techniques for drug conveyance applications. It gives effective conveyance of hydrophobic drugs and expands the bioavailability. Nanosuspension is an alluring and promising innovation to improve helpless solvency and bioavailability of the drugs. This survey article depicts the strategies for development, techniques and stability related study of nanosuspensions in the field of drug sciences.
Endocrine Disruptor—A threat to the animal world
Authors:   Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India, Das Diptatanu , Das Shantanu ,   Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, West Bengal, India
Published: August 2021

Various types of naturally occurring and artificially made chemicals cause disruption of endocrine processes among animals. They mimic biochemically with hormones and interfere with the normal signaling and activity of the endocrine system, causing enormous changes at the cellular level of animals from lower to higher organisms, including human being. These modified regulations of cellular activities as a result of endocrine disruptors have severe implications at the organismal level. Types and adverse effects of these natural and synthetic agents, especially estrogenic compounds causing biological threats have been discussed in details in this review.
Factores socio-laborales asociados a padecer ansiedad, depresión y estrés en profesionales de la salud de la serranía peruana durante la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Ambrosio Fleming , Torres-Santos Grace , Infante Rivera Lipselotte de Jesús , Rodriguez-Alarcón J. Franco , Mejia Christian R.
Published: August 2021

La COVID-19 ha generado una pandemia sin precedentes. Este escenario podría afectar la salud mental del personal sanitario, influyendo en su desempeño laboral con la posibilidad de dejar secuelas a largo plazo. El objetivo fue determinar los factores socio-laborales asociados a padecer ansiedad, depresión y estrés en profesionales de la salud de la serranía peruana durante la pandemia. Estudio transversal analítico. Se encuestó de forma virtual a médicos y otros profesionales del Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé, en la sierra peruana. La depresión, ansiedad y estrés se midieron con la escala DASS-21; a estos se les asoció distintas variables socio-laborales. Tuvieron más depresión severa a mayor edad y si algún familiar se había enfermado en casa, pero menos depresión severa los que tuvieron hijos, los que tuvieron más años de ejercicio profesional y al tener seguro social. Tuvieron menos ansiedad los que tuvieron hijos; menos ansiedad severa y los que tuvieron a un familiar fuera de casa que se enfermó; por el contrario, tuvieron mayor ansiedad moderada los que trabajaban más horas al día, severa si es que el encuestado se había enfermado y de ambos tipos si es que algún familiar había fallecido. Tuvieron más estrés los que trabajaban más horas al día y los que tenían un familiar fallecido. Las características más relevantes del personal de salud con problemas de su salud mental fueron tener mayor edad, antecedente familiar de COVID-19, antecedente de muerte de un familiar por COVID-19 y el tener más horas de trabajo.