bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the applicability of a terrain-based floodplain delineation tool for a broad-scale assessment of flood exposure of tailings deposits
Authors: Pérez-Murillo Gabriel , McIntyre Neil , Cohen Raymond C. Z. , Prakash Mahesh
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Construction and abandonment of mine tailings deposits in river floodplains have created environmental risks associated with the release of toxic substances during floods. Assessment tools are needed to understand levels of risk and to prioritize sites for management. These tools need to be computationally efficient over wide areas, potentially whole river basins, which generally excludes reliance on 2D hydrodynamic models. This research evaluates the applicability of a terrain-based floodplain delineation tool (GFPLAIN) to assess flood exposure of tailings deposits by comparing its results against a 2D hydrodynamic model, the Shallow Water Integrated Flood Tool (SWIFT). For this compassion, the case study area of Copiapó River Basin (Atacama, Chile) was used to model two flood scenarios, the extreme flood event of March 2015, and a hypothetical flood with a 100-year return period. Overall, the GFPLAIN flood maps showed limitations in reproducing the list of tailings deposits identified as exposed by SWIFT, with some agreement between some of the top 10 deposits prioritized by these tools. We conclude that GFPLAIN, while fast to apply and potentially able to prioritize sites at risk, has limitations in providing an accurate and complete assessment due to its limited consideration of local terrain and flood dynamics.
Effects of climate and forest composition on soil carbon cycling, soil organic matter stability and stocks in a humid boreal region
Authors: Paré David , Laganière Jérôme , Larocque Guy R. , Boutin Robert
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The maintenance of the large soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks of the boreal forest under climate change is a matter of concern. In this study, major soil carbon pools and fluxes were assessed in twenty-two closed-canopy forests located along an elevation and latitudinal climatic gradient expanding 4 °C in mean annual temperature (MAT) for two important boreal conifer forest stand types: balsam fir (Abies balsamea) a fire avoider and black spruce (Picea mariana) a fire-tolerant species. SOC stocks were not influenced by climate or forest type. However, carbon fluxes, including aboveground litterfall rates as well as total soil respiration (Rs), heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic soil respiration (Ra) were linearly related to climate (cumulative degree days >5 °C). The sensitivity of SOM degradation to temperature, assessed by comparing Q10 (rate of change for a T increase of 10 °C) of soil respiration and Rs10 (soil respiration rates corrected to 10 °C) did not vary across the climate gradient, while the proportion of labile carbon and nitrogen showed higher values for balsam fir and for warmer sites. Balsam fir forests showed a greater litterfall rate, a better litter quality (lower C:N ratio) as well as a higher Rs10 than black spruce ones, suggesting that their soils cycle a larger amount of C and N under a similar climate regime. Altogether, these results suggest that a warmer climate and balsam fir forest composition induce a more rapid SOC turnover. Contrary to common soil organic matter stabilization hypotheses, greater SOC cycling rates did not lead to higher total SOC stocks nor to the depletion of labile soil C and N. Positive effects of warming both on fluxes to and from the soil as well as a potential saturation of stabilised SOC could explain these results which apply to the context of this study: a cold and wet environment and a stable vegetation composition along the climate gradient.
Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020)
Authors: Doglioni Francesca , Ricker Robert , Rabe Benjamin , Barth Alexander , Troupin Charles , Kanzow Torsten
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Satellite altimetry missions flying over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean have been opening the possibility to further understand recent changes in the surface circulation. The use of these data has been however deferred by the need for dedicated processing, with efforts to generate consistent Arctic-wide datasets ongoing. The aim of this paper is to provide and assess a new gridded dataset of sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic velocity, extending over both the ice-covered and open ocean areas of the Arctic. Data from the Cryosat-2 mission in the period 2011–2020 were gridded at one month intervals, up to 88° N, using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) method. To examine the robustness of our results, we compare our dataset to independent satellite and in-situ data. We find that our dataset is well correlated with independent satellite data at monthly time scales and agrees with in-situ observed variability at seasonal to interannual time scales. Our geostrophic velocity fields can resolve the variability of boundary currents wider than about 50 km. We further discuss the seasonal cycle of sea surface height and geostrophic velocity in the context of previous literature. Large scale features emerge: a wintertime Arctic-wide maximum in sea surface height, with the highest amplitude over the shelves, and basin wide seasonal acceleration of Arctic slope currents in winter. We suggest that this dataset can be used to study not only the large scale variability of sea surface height and circulation but also the regionally confined boundary currents.
Vectorized dataset of roadside noise barriers in China using street view imagery
Authors: Qian Zhen , Chen Min , Yang Yue , Zhong Teng , Zhang Fan , Zhu Rui , Zhang Kai , Zhang Zhixin , Sun Zhuo , Ma Peilong , Lü Guonian , Ye Yu , Yan Jinyue
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Roadside noise barriers (RNBs) are important urban infrastructures to develop a liveable city. However, the absence of accurate and large-scale geospatial data on RNBs has impeded the increasing progress of rational urban planning, sustainable cities, and healthy environments. To address this problem, this study proposes a geospatial artificial intelligence framework to create a vectorized RNB dataset in China using street view imagery. To begin, intensive sampling is performed on the road network of each city based on OpenStreetMap, which is used as the geo-reference to download 5.6 million Baidu Street View (BSV) images. Furthermore, considering the prior geographic knowledge contained in street view images, convolutional neural networks incorporating image context information (IC-CNNs) based on an ensemble learning strategy are developed to detect RNBs from the BSV images. Subsequently, the RNB dataset presented by polylines is generated based on the identified RNB locations, with a total length of 2,227 km in 215 cities. At last, the quality of the RNB dataset is evaluated from two perspectives: first, the detection accuracy; second, the completeness and positional accuracy. Specifically, based on a set of randomly selected samples containing 10,000 BSV images, four quantitative metrics are calculated, with an overall accuracy of 98.61 %, recall of 87.14 %, precision of 76.44 %, and F1-score of 81.44 %. Moreover, a total length of 254 km of roads in different cities are manually surveyed using BSV images to evaluate the mileage deviation and overlap level between the generated and surveyed RNBs. The root-mean-squared error for mileage deviation is 0.08 km, and the intersection over union for overlay level is 88.08 % ± 2.95 %. The evaluation results suggest that the generated RNB dataset is of high quality and can be applied as an accurate and reliable dataset for a variety of large-scale urban studies. The generated vectorized RNB dataset and the labelled BSV image benchmark dataset are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Others.tpdc.271914 (Chen, 2021).
Operationalizing equity in multipurpose water systems
Authors: Yang Guang , Giuliani Matteo , Castelletti Andrea
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Participatory decision-making is a well-established approach to address the increasing pressure on water systems induced by growing multi-sectoral demands and increased competition among different water users. Yet, most existing approaches search for system-wise efficient solutions and do not quantify their distributional effect among the stakeholders. In this work, we investigate how to operationalize equity principles to design improved water systems operations that better balance efficiency and justice. More specifically, we explore to which extent the inclusion of equity principles reshapes the space of efficient solutions. Numerical experiments are conducted on the Lake Como system, Italy, operated primarily for flood control and irrigation water supply while also providing recreation and river ecosystem services. Our results show how incorporating equity considerations into the design of water system operations enriches the solution space by generating more compromise solutions than those obtained using a traditional multi-objective optimization. Moreover, we find that including equity in the operating policy design can indirectly improve the performance of marginalized sectors, such as recreation and ecosystem, which are not explicitly considered by the current lake operation. Lastly, we illustrate how the aggregation of multi-sectoral interests into an equity index strongly shapes our results. Eliciting the preference structure of stakeholders and policymakers thus becomes paramount for the identification of a fair balance across competing interests. This work bridges the gap between multi-objective optimization approaches and equity-informed decision-making for real-world water resources planning and management, providing an effective tool to promote efficient and equitable policies.
Drought impact links to meteorological drought indicators and predictability in Spain
Authors: Torelló-Sentelles Herminia , Franzke Christian L. E.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Drought affects many regions worldwide, and future climate projections imply that drought severity and frequency will increase. Hence, the impacts of drought on the environment and society will also increase considerably. Monitoring and early warning systems for drought rely on several indicators; however, assessments of how these indicators are linked to impacts are still lacking. Here, we explore the links between different drought indicators and drought impacts within six
sub-regions in Spain. We used impact data from the European Drought Impact Report Inventory database and provide a new case study to evaluate these links. We provide evidence that a region with a small sample size of impact data can still provide useful insights regarding indicator–impact links. As meteorological drought indicators, we use the Standardised Precipitation Index and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index; as agricultural and
hydrological drought indicators, we use a Standardised Soil Water Content Index
and a Standardised Streamflow Index and a Standardised Reservoir Storage Index. We also explore the links between drought impacts and teleconnection patterns and surface temperature by conducting a correlation analysis, and then we test the predictability of drought impacts using a random forest model. Our results show that meteorological indices are best linked to impact occurrences overall and at long
timescales between 15 and 33 months. However, we also find robust links for agricultural and hydrological drought indices, depending on the sub-region. The Arctic Oscillation, Western Mediterranean Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation at long accumulation periods (15 to 48 months) are top predictors of impacts in the northwestern and northeastern regions, the community of Madrid, and the southern regions of Spain, respectively. We also find links between temperature and drought impacts. The random forest model produces skilful models for most sub-regions. When assessed using a cross-validation analysis, the models in all regions show precision, recall, or R2 values higher than 0.97, 0.62, and 0.68, respectively. Thus, our random forest models are skilful in predicting drought impacts and could potentially be used as part of an early warning system.
Brief communication: Hydrologic connectivity of a tidewater glacier characterized with Sentinel-2 satellite images – a case study of Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Kavan Jan , Haagmans Vincent
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Direct measurements of glacier hydrological processes are usually restricted to short periods and a limited number of sites due to logistical, financial, and meteorological constraints. As a result, the indirect study of glacier hydrology through remote sensing has gained traction while the accessibility of high-resolution publicly available remote sensing data has also increased. By quantifying the areal extents of key dynamic features of a tidewater glacier (i.e. the evolution of sea ice, supraglacial lakes, meltwater plumes) as proxies of its hydrological cycle using Sentinel-2 observations, a simple alternative amidst the outlined logistical constraints is potentially available. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of Sentinel-2 satellite images as a simple and accessible tool with high temporal coverage for studying glacier hydrology. To make this case for the Nordenskiöld tidewater glacier, the evolution of its supraglacial hydrological system and respective meltwater plumes areal extents were monitored for the 2016–2020 melting seasons. Hydrological connectivity of supra- and subglacial systems and the resulting meltwater plumes are illustrated. Meltwater is stored on the glacier surface at the beginning of the melt season (June) which is observed through the filling of the supraglacial lakes. The stored meltwater is later released (June/July), probably through englacial conduits and moulins, and consequently reaches the subglacial drainage system. The resulting occurrence of meltwater plumes clearly indicates the latter in Adolfbukta at the glacier terminus. This signals the transport of significant volumes of water in contact with the glacier bed. The meltwater plume activity peaks during late July, and its appearance continues until mid-September. The duration of the glacier melt season is reflected through the filling of supraglacial lakes and later in the appearance of meltwater plumes. The temporal pattern of the hydrologic processes is relatively uniform during the study period, contrasting the large variability of sea ice cover duration. The observed behavior of Nordenskiöld’s supraglacial lakes is in good agreement with similar tidewater glaciers in Svalbard.
Glacier extraction based on high spatial resolution remote sensing images using a deep learning approach with attention mechanism
Authors: Chu Xinde , Yao Xiaojun , Duan Hongyu , Chen Cong , Li Jing , Pang Wenlong
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Accurate and quick extraction of glacier boundaries plays an important role in studies of glacier inventory, glacier change and glacier movement, and it faces great opportunities and challenges due to the increasing availability of high-resolution remote sensing images with larger data volume and richer texture informations. In this study, we improved the DeepLab V3+ as Attention DeepLab V3+ and designed a complete solution based on the improved network to automatically extract glacier outlines from the Gaofen-6 PMS images with a spatial resolution of 2 m. In the solution, the Test-Time Augmentation (TTA) was adopted to increase model robustness, and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) was added into the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Poolin (ASPP) structure in DeepLab V3+ to enhance the weight of the target pixels and reduce the impact of useless features. The results show that the improved model effectively improves the robustness of the model, enhances the weight of target image elements and reduces the influence of non-target elements. Compared with deep learning models such as FCN, U-Net and DeepLab3+, the improved model performs better, with OA and Kappa coefficients of 99.58 % and 0.9915 for the test dataset, respectively. Moreover, our method achieves the highest OA and Kappa of 99.40 % and 0.9846 for glacier boundary extraction in parts of the Tanggula Mountains and Kunlun Mountains based on Gaofen-6 PMS images, showing its excellent performance and great potential.
Economics of milk production among different types of dairy farms in Kerala
Authors: George Sabin , Saseendran P.C. , Anil K.S. , Gleeja V.L. , Pramod S.
Published: April 2022

The present study was carried out to study the variation in the cost of milk production among different types of dairy farms in Kerala. A stratified multistage random sampling procedure was used to select the area of study and respondents. The farmers/farm households were categorized into small or subsistence farms (1-3 cows), medium (4-10 cows), and large farms (more than 10 cows). When calculated on a milch animal basis, the average costs of production per litre of milk (cost B) were rupees 28.09, 28.49, 25.68, and 27.69 in small, medium, large and overall farms, respectively. The average costs/litre of milk after deduction of imputed family labour (cost A) were 19.93, 22.78, 24.93, and 21.81 in small, medium, large, and overall farms, respectively. It was observed that on the milch animal basis, the average cost/litre of milk (cost B) were 32.51, 34.29, 29.08, and 32.29 in small, medium, large, and overall farms, respectively. The average cost per litre of milk after deduction of imputed family labour cost (cost A) were 22.02, 26.33, 27.08, and 24.34 in small, medium, large, and overall farms, respectively. The present study indicated that the average cost of milk production in the state of Kerala was very high, and the milk price has to be regulated accordingly so that dairy farming becomes a lucrative livelihood opportunity for poor farmers.
Phylogenetic analysis of Nilgiri langur using mitochondrial cytochrome B gene
Authors: Meganath K. V. , Asaf Muhasin , Radhika G. , Chandy George , Manoj M. , Dinesh C. N. , Alexander Jacob , Muhammed E. M. , Rojan P. M.
Published: April 2022

Old world monkeys comprise 28 Langur species which belong to subfamily Colobinae under family Cercopithecidae. Nilgiri Langurs (Trachypithecus johnii) are endemic to the rain forests of the Western Ghats. The current study is an attempt at comparative phylogeny based on mitochondrial CYTB (mtCYTB) gene of Nilgiri Langur with other langurs. Faecal sample was collected from Nilgiri langur and the genomic DNA was isolated. The 1140 bp mitochondrial CYTB was amplified and sequenced using Sanger’s di-deoxy method. The amplified sequence along with the 27 sequences of Trachypithecus and Semnopithecus that were retrieved from the GenBank database were used for analysis. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method in MEGA X. The analysis showed the clustering of Nilgiri langur with other langurs of the Semnopithecus sp. as a single clade.
Burn inducing device with temperature control to generate experimental cutaneous burn wounds in animal models
Authors: Satheesh Anjana , Padukana Abhijith , Varghese Reji , Radhakrishnan Anandu , Dinesh P.T. , Chandy George
Published: April 2022

Extensive research is being carried out to replicate different aspects of burn injury, understand the unique pathophysiology as well as to develop novel treatment modalities for the burn wounds. Adequate research using different burn models thus play a major role in the development of novel treatments. One of the major constraints in burn animal model is a lack of reproducible burn inducing device which could be used for producing uniform burn wounds. Here we have developed simple, reproducible burn inducing device with temperature control for the creation of uniform burn wounds in animal models.
Evaluation of chemical properties of organic briquettes developed from slaughterhouse waste
Authors: Sankar K. J. Arun , Vasudevan V. N. , Sunil B. , Latha A. , Irshad A. , Mathew D. K. Deepak , Saifuddeen M. Safeer
Published: April 2022

Service slaughter houses in the country generate large quantities of animal blood, manure and rumen contents as waste material. Eco-friendly disposal of such waste often requires long time or expensive equipment. The study was conducted to develop organic briquettes using biomass originating from slaughterhouse wastes and to investigate its chemical properties to be used as an organic nutrient source in crop cultivation. Dried rumen contents were mixed with fresh blood collected after bleeding of animals in different proportions and dried using tray drier. The dried rumen content-blood (RB) mixture was further mixed with commercially available coir pith in 12 different proportions. The rumen content-blood-coir pith (RBC) mixture was formed into briquettes using a hydraulic biomass briquetting machine. Each organic briquette was five centimetres in diameter and had an average weight of 30-40 grams. The treatments were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen and carbon: nitrogen ratio. The organic briquette that had rumen content with 100 per cent blood and 80 per cent coir pith (T10) recorded the highest total nitrogen (1.76±0.09 per cent) and lowest carbon: nitrogen ratio while highest organic carbon content (45.97±0.93 per cent) was noted in organic briquette that had rumen content with 80 per cent blood and 60 per cent coir pith (T8 ). The study showed that there is considerable potential for development of organic briquettes that are compact, easy to transport and market, and ideal for grow bag cultivation and garden nurseries by using slaughter house wastes as sources of organic nutrient.
A Pilot Study of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy Group Skills Training in Patients with Substance Use Disorder: Changes in Substance Use Severity, Mood and Relationship Skills
Authors: Bilican F. Isil , Çetinkaya Mustafa , Çelebi Elif , Gülen Birgül , Barham Huzeyfe
Published: April 2022

Objective: This pilot study aimed to investigate effects of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Group Skills Training (DBT-ST) on patients’ severity of substance use status, mood and other psychological symptoms, difficulties in emotion regulation, interpersonal problem solving skills, and social competence. Method: Nine outpatient males with substance use disorders were administered the DBT-ST for 20 weeks. Age ranged between 17 and 34. Average years of substance use was 1.61 (SD=.29). DBT-ST modules (mindfulness, emotion regulation, interpersonal skills, and distress tolerance) were administered for 20 weeks. Urine toxicology screenings, the Addiction Profile Index (API), the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory, and the Perceived Social Competence Scale were administered at pre and post-treatment. Results: There were significant decreases in the severity of substance use with decreased number of positive drug screening test results and an increase in emotion regulation; decreases in the API total score, dependency diagnosis, and the effects of substance use on the user sub-scale scores; depression, hostility, and phobic anxiety sub-scale scores on the SCL-90-R; the BDI total score; and nonacceptance, strategies, clarity and impulsivity sub-scale scores of the DERS. Conclusion: The findings indicated a 20 week DBT-ST helped participants increase their days of abstinence, regulate emotional regulation, decrease depressive and anxiety symptoms, and substance related difficulties.
Travmatik Yaşantıların Bağımlılık Tedavi Sürecine Etkisi
Authors: Tuncer Süheyla Betül , Şimşek Zeynep
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Madde bağımlılığı öncelikli toplum sağlığı sorunlarından biridir. Bu çalışmada madde bağımlısı bireylerin ve ailelerinin yaşadıkları travmatik yaşantıların bağımlılık tedavi sürecine etkisi incelenmiştir.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini bir İlçe Sağlık Müdürlüğü Bağımlılık Birimi’nin sürveyans sisteminde kayıtlı hastalar ile özel bir hastanenin bağımlılık kliniğinde tedavi olan bireyler ve aileleri oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılara Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu, Travmatik Yaşantılar Listesi ve Bağımlılık Profil İndeksi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan toplam 82 kişinin %52,4’ünü toplum içinde yaşayanlar, %47,6’sını ise hastanede tedavi görenler oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar 17 ile 55 yaşları arasında olup (ortanca yaş 28), %93’ü erkektir. Bireylerin %66,2’si madde bağımlılığı öncesinde, %86,2’si bağımlılık sırasında, %33,8’i ise bağımlılık tedavisi sırasında travmatik bir olay yaşadığını bildirmiştir. Travma yaşantısı olan bireylerin %85,7’si tedavi sürecinde travmatik yaşantılarıyla ilgili görüşülmediğini, yalnızca %14,3’ü psikolojik destek aldığını ifade etmiştir. Bireylerin aile üyeleriyle ilişkisinin niteliği, bağımlılık öncesi bireyin travmatik yaşantısı ve bakım verenin tedavi sırasındaki travmatik yaşantılarıyla tedaviye uyum arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bulgular madde bağımlılığı olan bireylerde ve ailelerinde travmatik yaşantı sıklığının yüksek olduğunu, madde bağımlılığı tedavisinin travmaya duyarlı olması gerektiğini ve aile destekli psikososyal müdahalelerin geliştirilmesinin önemini düşündürmektedir.
A comunicação, a divulgação e a política da valorização nas coleções científicas de paleontologia e geologia em âmbito universitário
Authors: Lima Jéssica Tarine Moitinho de , Carvalho Ismar de Souza
Published: April 2022

É apresentada uma análise da comunicação museológica existente nas coleções de geologia e paleontologia relacionadas ao ambiente universitário, no Brasil, respaldada pela função social da universidade e na função que cada coleção possui. Em pesquisa concluída em 2020, foram analisadas as políticas de curadoria e preservação em acervos de geologia e paleontologia no âmbito nacional. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na coleta de dados e análise comparativa com a literatura através da aplicação de um questionário a curadores de 41 coleções pertencentes a 23 instituições brasileiras. Estes dados possibilitaram uma análise de aspectos como a valorização, comunicação e divulgação científica a partir das coleções universitárias. Constata-se que os problemas enfrentados no gerenciamento das coleções, tais como a ampliação das coleções, a qualificação dos profissionais que nelas atuam, as formas de documentação e preservação são diversos, assim como as soluções mais eficazes de gerenciamento, que podem ser aplicadas em outras coleções. Com estes resultados espera-se prover aos gestores das coleções analisadas e semelhantes, uma avaliação nacional das ferramentas utilizadas de forma adequada para a preservação dos acervos, possibilitando assim, a divulgação das boas práticas e das possibilidades de aplicação das mesmas.
PECULIARITIES OF REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY AND CATECHOLAMINES IN POST-COVID BACKGROUND
Authors: CHIPASHVILI ANA , BULEISHVILI MAKA , ZEIKIDZE SOLOMON , NIKOLAISHVILI MARINE , PITIURISHVILI ELENE
Published: April 2022

The phenomenon of abnormal sinus tachycardia in patients with post-acute Covid-19 syndrome should be emphasized. Therefore, post-covid tachycardia syndrome should be considered as a phenotype or subsyndrome of post-acute Covid-19 syndrome. This provides safety for those who have few symptoms other than tachycardia. Post-covid tachycardia syndrome may present as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome or inappropriate sinus tachycardia, which may explain the development of several symptoms such as physical and mental impairments in post-acute Covid-19 syndrome. Future research should focus on the biological and clinical characteristics of this new clinical syndrome, as well as intervention studies based on established and testing new pharmacological approaches.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE CEMENT-ENAMEL JUNCTION AND ITS CLINICAL USAGE
Authors: ZARKUA EKATERINE , MAMALADZE MARINE , BURKADZE GEORGE
Published: April 2022

In the study of cement-enamel junction (CEJ), as an anatomical and clinical unit, its location and evaluation play a crucial role in identifying various pathologic lesions and for their optimal treatment. Dental caries is the most common lesion of teeth, which develops in hard dental tissues. In the development of caries and non-carious lesions, the anatomical border of the cement-enamel adhesion is extremely important and shows distinct diversity. The profile of the anatomical border of the cement-enamel adhesion and its variation in the same and different teeth distinguishes predisposition to external cervical resorption (ECR). The manufacture of adhesion systems is oriented to modify such chemically functional monomers which will improve the quality of adhesion composites and enable much stronger and prolonged performance. Which itself will show much harmonic compatibility to dental strong tissues and is of utmost importance in the treatment of cervical defects.
Sensitivity to geometry in humans and other animals
Authors: Placi Sarah
Published: April 2022

Geometry can be defined as the mathematical formalization of space. Amongst all theories of geometry, Euclidean geometry is considered the most intuitive of all for humans. The reason for this, it has been argued, is that humans (and maybe other animals) spontaneously categorize geometric objects based on their Euclidean properties. In this paper, I briefly review the evidence suggesting that humans and other animals are sensitive to objects' geometric features. I further address the question whether Euclidean principles underlie humans' and other animals' sensitivity to geometry and if not, whether other principles can better account for animals’ categorization of geometric objects. The conclusion of the paper is that animals, including humans, do not spontaneously categorize geometric objects based on their Euclidean properties; however they can learn or be probed to do so. When this is not the case, other non-Euclidean properties, e.g., objects’ topological properties or physical properties, seem to be relevant both for human and nonhuman animals. Humans, however, seem to be special in their ability to analyse objects in terms of more abstract Euclidean concepts.
優秀男子羽球選手於訓練期與比賽期之心肺功能分析比較
Authors: 吳昇光 吳昇光 , Sheng-Kuang Wu 吳思嚴 , Sz-Yan Wu 黃明祥 , Ming-Hsiang Huang 宋岱芬 , Tai-Fen Song 江慶修
Published: April 2022

目的：分析優秀男子羽球選手在不同訓練時期之心肺功能變化。方法：本研究共有14位大學甲組層級的男子羽球選手，並於訓練期與比賽期使用肺功能機、血壓機、20公尺折返跑來測試運動員之心肺功能，包括收集選手的基本資料及選手在心肺功能測驗時所測得之肺功能、安靜時之心跳率與血壓、預測之最大耗氧量等，所檢測的數據以Wilcoxon Signed Ranked test進行統計分析比較兩時期之心肺功能變化及差異。結果：在肺功能的部分，雖然潮氣容積、肺活量與最大換氣量在訓練期與比賽期無顯著差異，然而比賽期的第一秒用力吐氣量有低於訓練期的趨勢，而在75%、50%與25%最大肺活量的用力呼氣速率卻為比賽期顯著低於訓練期。再者，除了比賽期的心跳有較低的趨勢外，其餘心血管參數在兩個時期皆無差異，但是比賽期的預測最大耗氧量有較訓練期為佳的現象。結論：研究發現大學男子羽球選手的心肺功能在訓練期與比賽期差異不大，僅有比賽期的用力呼氣速率顯著低於訓練期，但是預測最大耗氧量仍優於訓練期。

 

Purpose: To compare the cardiopulmonary function of elite male badminton players between training and competition periods. Methods: Fourteen male college badminton players were recruited for this study. Data were collected using the lung spirometry, blood pressure instrument, and 20-meter shuttle run in training and competition periods. Basic data including name, age, body fat percent, body mass index, training years and information, body fat, and smoking habit, and cardiopulmonary data including tidal volume (VT), force vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0), maximal ventilation volume (MVV), resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) were analyzed. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare these parameters of cardiopulmonary functions of badminton players between different stages. Result: In the lung function part, although there was no difference in the VT, FVC and MVV between training and competition periods, there was a tendency that the FEV1.0 was lower than in training period. Furthermore, the forced expiratory flow at 75%, 50% and 25% of VCmax in the competition period were significantly slower than the training period. Secondly, there was no difference in the cardiovascular parameters between two periods, except the heart rate was slightly slower than the training period. But the predicted VO2max in the competition period was significantly better than the training period. Conclusion: This study showed the minor change of cardiopulmonary functions of college male badminton players between pre- and post-competition periods. Specifically, the forced expiratory flow was significantly slower in the competition period, but the VO2max was better.

 
Lógica y concepciones del derecho
Authors: Redondo Cristina
Published: April 2022

Los estudios sobre la estructura formal del derecho no se encuentran actualmente en el centro de interés de los filósofos del derecho. Puede decirse que, tanto desde un punto de vista axiológico como lógico, hoy en día interesa fundamentalmente el estudio del derecho como un caso especial de los problemas que conciernen a la filosofía práctica. Las preguntas que en ese marco se plantean son, por ejemplo: ¿El derecho puede justificar nuestras decisiones y acciones?, ¿bajo qué condiciones el derecho genera razones para actuar?, ¿puede haber conflictos entre deberes? Si los hay, ¿cómo se resuelven?
Derrotabilidad, indeterminación del derecho y positivismo jurídico
Authors: Bayón Juan Carlos
Published: April 2022

It is the job of a philosopher, so far as possible, to give an account of our practice rather than to tell us that we all ought to be doing something else. To the extent that this cannot be done, it is normally a fault in the philosophy rather than in the practice
El encaje de las piezas del derecho (primera parte)
Authors: Moreso José Juan
Published: April 2022

El libro de Manuel Atienza y Juan Ruiz Manero Las piezas del Derecho. Teoría de los enunciados jurídicos (Barcelona, Ariel, 1996) constituye una excelente aportación a la teoría general del Derecho, una aportación que, según nos hacen saber los autores al inicio de la presentación, forma parte de un proyecto más amplio que conducirá a la realización de una teoría general del Derecho, cuando la teoría de los enunciados jurídicos sea completada con una teoría de la relación jurídica y una teoría del ordenamiento y de los procedimientos jurídicos.
Guastini sobre la ponderación
Authors: Moreso José Juan
Published: April 2022

Sólo cabe felicitarse por la presencia en la cultura jurídica en lengua castellana de esta obra de Riccardo Guastini. 1 El libro ofrece una magnífica panorámica sobre los problemas centrales de la teoría del derecho así como muchas propuestas sustantivas y originales de indiscutible valor teórico. El lector encontrará en él una concepción de la teoría jurídica y de sus fundamentos en la filosofía analítica, reflejada en el espejo de dos grandes maestros de la filosofía del derecho italiana: Norberto Bobbio y Giovanni Tarello. Hallará además algunos relevantes estudios sobre teoría de las fuentes y teoría de la norma jurídica
Justicia constitucional y esfera de los indecidible en Luigi Ferrajoli
Authors: Rentería Adrián
Published: April 2022

Alguien ha dicho que en la vida de un estudioso, aun en presencia de una rica bibliografía, es posible identificar un único libro, un único argumento, que viene retomando una y otra vez y, paso a paso, llevado a sus extremas consecuencias.
Tipos de reglas y el concepto de obligación jurídica
Authors: Perot Pablo
Published: April 2022

En el siglo veinte la teoría del derecho ha recibido la influencia decisivas de dos grandes filósofos que delinearon las bases teóricas del positivismo jurídico: Hans Kelsen y H. L. A. Hart.
Investigación jurídica
Authors: Sarlo Oscar
Published: April 2022

En esta ponencia me propongo a sostener que: a) la metodología de la investigación jurídica en Latinoamérica no se ha beneficiado ni de la epistemología general ni de los desarrollos contemporáneos de la teoría jurídica.
Contra la lengua invisible
Authors: Pou Francesca
Published: April 2022

En su controvertido libro sobre la sociedad multiécnica, Giovanni Saltori se esfuerza por trazar un claro contraste entre el pluralismo un término que toma en su acepción valorativa y al que sitúa en el núcleo de lo que él entiende por una "sociedad buena".
Rawls, filosofía y tolerancia
Authors: Rivera Faviola
Published: April 2022

El principio de tolerancia recibe un giro novedoso en la obra de John Rawls con su propuesta de aplicarlo a la filosofía misma.
Guerra, justicia y Derecho Internacional
Authors: Ruiz Miguel Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Mi contribución a este Simposio pretende situar el debate en un marco muy general, casi de filosofía de la historia, está escrita -o, mejor, reescrita- 1 en un momento bien concreto, pocos meses después del ataque e invasión de Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido a Irak. Precisamente por ello, no me parece inútil comenzar haciendo un comentario sobre ese reciente conflicto bélico. Aunque Francis Bacon escribió que "hay tal justicia en la naturaleza del hombre que no entra en las guerras (que tantas calamidades producen) sino con ciertos motivos y querellas al menos plausibles", 2 me parece muy clara la implausibilidad de las causas de la invasión de Irak: ninguno de los motivos alegados ha resistido la prueba de los hechos: ni terrorismo fundamentalista, ni armas de destrucción masiva, ni intervención por la democracia.
Derechos subjetivos e intereses jurídicos
Authors: Salazar Pedro
Published: April 2022

Quiero comenzar esta nota crítica felicitando a Juan Antonio por el artículo que comento. Se trata del texto “Derecho Subjetivo e interés jurídico en la Jurisprudencia mexicana” que fue publicado en los Cuadernos de Investigación del Instituto de la Judicatura Federal en el 2003.
Jurisprudencia y formulación judicial del derecho (Principium)
Authors: Tamayo y Salmorán Rolando
Published: April 2022

La idea de que las decisiones judiciales son obligatorias no sólo para las partes no es nueva. De hecho, hubo un tiempo en que éstas constituían el único derecho. Por ello, los rasgos distintivos del derecho (dikaion, ius, Reth), i.e. sus características definitorias, fueron sólo perceptibles como creación judicial.
Constitucionalismo y democracia
Authors: Ruiz Miguel Alfonso
Published: April 2022

Constitucionalismo” y “democracia” son dos términos con muy distintos significados, pero no me voy a detener apenas en el término “democracia” salvo para indicar que su significado común y mínimo durante los últimos siglos y en la polémica de la que voy a hablar enseguida se refiere al sistema representativo que garantiza, además de los derechos básicos de libertad y seguridad personal, la participación popular en el poder político al menos mediante la libre y reiterada elección del parlamento.
Acerca de la calificación moral de la corrupción
Authors: Garzón Valdés Ernesto
Published: April 2022

A primera vista, una reflexión acerca de la calificación moral de la corrupción podría parecer una empresa superflua. No habría duda alguna de que la corrupción sería siempre moralmente condenable; ya la misma palabra “corrupción” tiene la connotación negativa de destrucción de algo que se considera valioso. En muchos casos es sinónima de “putrefacción”, “disolución”.
Jueces y política
Authors: Taruffo Michele
Published: April 2022

Las relaciones entre jueces y política pueden analizarse desde numerosos puntos de vista. Dado que no es posible agotar en este texto un campo de argumentos tan complejo, desarrollaré algunas consideraciones teniendo como punto de partida definiciones específicas de los dos términos, “jueces” y “política” que están relacionados con el tema del seminario.
La filosofía política de Kant en el horizonte contemporáneo
Authors: Attili Antonella
Published: April 2022

Desde el horizonte de la política internacional contemporánea y adaptando las preguntas canónicas del filósofo de Könisberg queremos precisar qué podemos saber de la política y qué podemos esperar de ella a partir de Kant. La pregunta por la posibilidad de una reconciliación entre lo pasional y lo racional en la historia futura, planteada en su teoría política, es ocasión para subrayar el realismo y la relevancia de su lección, para pensar con él las posibilidades de una política dentro los límites de la razón en nuestros días.
Crítica al constitucionalismo garantista de Ferrajoli como proyecto político
Authors: Noguera Fernández Albert
Published: April 2022

Luigi Ferrajoli no presenta su teoría del garantismo, únicamente, como un modelo normativo, sino también como un proyecto político. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una crítica al constitucionalismo garantista como proyecto político, desarrollando algunas de las limitaciones y problemas que éste presenta para poder conformarse, por sí solo, en un proyecto válido para garantizar dignidad en las sociedades de las próximas décadas. Como señalaremos, en las sociedades de la segunda mitad del siglo XXI, este sólo puede ser un programa político insuficiente por sí solo, si no se combina con otras corrientes como la del pluralismo jurídico y el autonomismo.
Intereses permisivos y el poder (moral) del consentimiento
Authors: Parmigiani Matías
Published: April 2022

Intento criticar en el presente trabajo el enfoque sobre el poder (moral) del consentimiento defendido por David Owens. Según este enfoque, la capacidad de consentir responde a un interés normativo característico, el cual consistiría en permitir que ciertas obligaciones personales sean incumplidas, sin importar lo que materialmente se siga de ello, como la transgresión de nuestros intereses no normativos. Aquí sostendré que el enfoque de Owens confundiría dos planos de consideraciones: el plano relativo a la capacidad general de consentir y el plano relativo al ejercicio de dicha capacidad en casos concretos. Para comprender el primer plano, el enfoque puede ser provechoso. No obstante, para comprender el segundo, lo más razonable sería apelar a la idea de razones personales para actuar, una idea que no parece haber recibido suficiente atención en la literatura habitual sobre el consentimiento.
Elementos técnicos y racionales para la valoración de la confiabilidad de la prueba científica: referencia a tres áreas de la Ciencia Forense
Authors: García Castillo Zoraida , López-Olvera Carmen Patricia , López-Escobedo Fernanda , Villavicencio-Queijeiro Alexa , Loyzance Chantal , Castillo-Alanís Alejandra , Suzuri-Hernández Luis Jiro
Published: April 2022

La instauración del sistema penal acusatorio en varios países de Latinoamérica ha enfrentado el reto, entre muchos, de configurar nuevos estándares para la actuación judicial. Este artículo se centra en el reto que representa para los juzgadores valorar la confiabilidad de la prueba científica, dado que su naturaleza excede el conocimiento de la mayoría de ellos. Evaluar la confiabilidad y corrección de la prueba científica para asignarle un peso específico en el acervo probatorio es una labor para la que el juez requiere de un análisis multidisciplinario. A manera de guía para el juzgador y como una herramienta innovadora en el ambiente judicial latinoamericano, se proponen lineamientos generales y específicos a seguir en la valoración de la confiabilidad de la prueba en tres áreas forenses (genética, dactiloscopía y comparación forense de voz).
Legal Realism as a Positivistic Theory of Law
Authors: Guastini Riccardo
Published: April 2022

El realismo jurídico como teoría positivista del derecho
Desde los años sesenta del siglo XX, siguiendo a Bobbio, todo el mundo puede (o debería) distinguir entre tres formas de positivismo jurídico (LP): (a) metodológico, (b) teórico, y (c) ideológico. Por cierto, en la literatura iusfilosófica italiana, a menudo se contrapone el LP al realismo jurídico (LR). Sin embargo, ¿de qué tipo de LP y de LR estamos hablando?  En cuanto al LR, los iusfilósofos que oponen realismo y positivismo tienen en mente esencialmente el realismo escandinavo, especialmente Olivecrona y Ross. En cuanto al LP, aquellos iusfilósofos que oponen realismo y positivismo tienen en mente, o bien la teoría del derecho dominante en el siglo XIX, o bien la teoría pura de Kelsen. La oposición entre el LR y la teoría pura es fundada. No obstante, tal oposición no surge de una supuesta postura anti-positivista del LR. Depende más bien de dos tesis kelsenianas no positivistas : el concepto de validez como fuerza vinculante, y la teoría normativa de la ciencia jurídica, concebida como un conjunto de oraciones deónticas (no fácticas) que se hacen eco de normas válidas (es decir, vinculantes). La oposición entre el LR y el LP del siglo XIX es igualmente fundada, pero no tiene sentido cuando referida al LP contemporáneo, que consiste principalmente en una actitud metodológica (“Benthamita”) hacia el derecho.  El LR es una visión abiertamente positivista del derecho. Sin duda, no todos los juristas positivistas son realistas, pero todos los realistas son positivistas (“duros”).
Nota editorial
Authors: Puppo Alberto
Published: April 2022

En la nota editorial del número 52 señalamos la casual y estimulante convergencia entre los temas de casi todos los artículos publicados. Este número parece haber querido mostrar exactamente lo opuesto: los artículos que publicamos cubren áreas temáticas completamente distintas, desde la filosofía moral a la epistemología de la prueba, desde la interpretación jurídica al análisis económico del derecho. Tal variedad demuestra sin duda la riqueza de la filosofía jurídica, eje central hacia el cual, muy a menudo, confluyen otras disciplinas, como la filosofía moral (o ética), la economía o incluso la ciencia médica.
Rights of Conquest, Discovery and Occupation, and the Freedom of the Seas: a Genealogy of Natural Resource Injustice
Authors: Gümplova Petra
Published: April 2022

Los derechos de conquista, descubrimiento y ocupación, y la libertad de los mares: una genealogía de la injusticia sobre los recursos naturales
Este artículo analiza los orígenes coloniales de tres principios del derecho internacional: el derecho de conquista, el derecho de descubrimiento y ocupación, y la libertad de los mares. Argumento que cada uno de estos derechos se estableció como principio jurídico internacional para facilitar la colonización de pueblos lejanos, sus territorios y tierras, y con el fin de acumular sus recursos naturales. El artículo analiza cómo se justificaron estos derechos, qué conjunto de facultades e inmunidades exclusivas conferían, y cómo están vinculados a tres regímenes jurídicos modernos distintos de derechos sobre el espacio natural y sus recursos: la soberanía territorial, los derechos de propiedad privada sobre tierras extranjeras y los bienes marítimos comunes mundiales. En tanto expongo los orígenes moralmente arbitrarios de cada uno de estos principios de derecho internacional, que reflejan las condiciones y los objetivos específicos de determinados proyectos coloniales, también sostengo que los regímenes de derechos sobre los recursos naturales que estos institucionalizaron son convergentes en el sentido de que permitieron una apropiación y una explotación distintivamente injustas de los recursos naturales. El artículo también señala las formas en que la lógica y el funcionamiento de estos regímenes siguen dando forma al uso injusto de los recursos naturales hasta el día de hoy.
Positivismo jurídico interno: ¿epistemología o ideología del derecho?
Authors: Scavuzzo Natalia
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo presenta una interpretación de los enunciados internos hartianos basada en la filosofía del lenguaje de Wittgenstein y la metodología del conocimiento social de Winch. Según esta lectura, la distinción entre enunciados internos y externos representa una forma de contextualismo en la teoría analítica del derecho. En el trabajo se defiende que el discurso descriptivo sobre lo que en un ordenamiento jurídico es obligatorio, permitido o prohibido es siempre un discurso interno respecto de los criterios de pertenencia de ese ordenamiento. Además, se argumenta que esta forma de discurso interno no tiene una función ideológica sino cognoscitiva y permite aún distinguir entre cuestiones de validez y de legitimidad de las normas.