bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics profiling reveals new aspects of dolichol biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Zimbres Flavia M. , Valenciano Ana Lisa , Merino Emilio F. , Florentin Anat , Holderman Nicole R. , He Guijuan , Gawarecka Katarzyna , Skorupinska-Tudek Karolina , Fernández-Murga Maria L. , Swiezewska Ewa , Wang Xiaofeng , Muralidharan Vasant , Cassera Maria Belen
Published: August 2020

The cis-polyisoprenoid lipids namely polyprenols, dolichols and their derivatives are linear polymers of several isoprene units. In eukaryotes, polyprenols and dolichols are synthesized as a mixture of four or more homologues of different length with one or two predominant species with sizes varying among organisms. Interestingly, co-occurrence of polyprenols and dolichols, i.e. detection of a dolichol along with significant levels of its precursor polyprenol, are unusual in eukaryotic cells. Our metabolomics studies revealed that cis-polyisoprenoids are more diverse in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum than previously postulated as we uncovered active de novo biosynthesis and substantial levels of accumulation of polyprenols and dolichols of 15 to 19 isoprene units. A distinctive polyprenol and dolichol profile both within the intraerythrocytic asexual cycle and between asexual and gametocyte stages was observed suggesting that cis-polyisoprenoid biosynthesis changes throughout parasite’s development. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of an active cis-prenyltransferase (PfCPT) and that dolichol biosynthesis occurs via reduction of the polyprenol to dolichol by an active polyprenol reductase (PfPPRD) in the malaria parasite.
Molecular investigation into the effect of carbon nanotubes interaction with CO2 in molecular separation using microporous polymeric membranes
Authors: Pishnamazi Mahboubeh , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Taleghani Arezoo Sodagar , Marjani Azam , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Shirazian Saeed
Published: August 2020

The use of nanofluids has been recently of great interest to separate acidic contaminants such as CO2. The main objective of this research is to assess the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) addition to distilled water on enhancing the CO2 molecular separation through a porous membrane contactor (PMC). For this aim, a comprehensive model is developed based on non-wetted and counter-current operational modes to evaluate the principal mass and momentum transport equations in tube, membrane and shell compartments of PMC. Consequently, a CFD-based axisymmetrical simulation is implemented according to finite element technique (FET) to prognosticate the results. It is found from the results that the addition of 0.1 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) particles to water significantly enhances the mass transfer and consequently the CO2 molecular separation efficiency from 38 to 63.3%. This considerable enhancement can be justified due to the existence of two momentous phenomena including Brownian motion and Grazing effect, which enhance the mass transport of CO2 molecules in the PMC. Moreover, the effect of CNTs concentration, some membrane's parameters such as number of hollow fibers and porosity and also some module's design parameters including module radius and length on the CO2 separation performance are investigated in this paper as another highlight of the current work.
Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals
Authors: Chimento Nicolás R. , Agnolin Federico L.
Published: August 2020

The Litopterna is an extinct clade of endemic South American ungulates that range from Paleocene up to late Pleistocene times. Because of their unique anatomy, litopterns are of uncertain phylogenetic affinities. However, some nineteenth century authors, considered litopterns as related to perissodactyl ungulates, a hypothesis recently sustained by molecular data. The aim of the present contribution is to include litopterns and other South American related taxa in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis together with several extant and extinct basal perissodactyl ungulates. The analysis resulted in the nesting of litopterns and kin as successive stem-clades of crown Perissodactyla. Further, litopterns are not phylogenetically grouped with any North American basal ungulate, in agreement with some previous proposals. Presence of pan-perissodactyls in South America and India indicates that southern continents probably played an important role in the early evolution of hoofed mammals.
Exceptionally high strain-hardening and ductility due to transformation induced plasticity effect in Ti-rich high-entropy alloys
Authors: Eleti Rajeshwar R. , Klimova Margarita , Tikhonovsky Mikhail , Stepanov Nikita , Zherebtsov Sergey
Published: August 2020

Ti-rich body-centered cubic (BCC, β) high-entropy alloys having compositions Ti35Zr27.5Hf27.5Nb5Ta5, Ti38Zr25Hf25Ta10Sn2, and Ti38Zr25Hf25Ta7Sn5 (in at%) were designed using bond order (Bo)-mean d-orbital energy level (Md) approach. Deformation mechanisms of these alloys were studied using tensile deformation. The alloys showed exceptionally high strain-hardening and ductility. For instance, the alloys showed at least twofold increment of tensile strength compared to the yield strength, due to strain-hardening. Post-deformation microstructural observations confirmed the transformation of β to hexagonal close packed (HCP, α′) martensite. Based on microstructural investigation, stress–strain behaviors were explained using transformation induced plasticity effect. Crystallographic analysis indicated transformation of β to α′ showed strong variant selection (1 1 0)β//(0 0 0 1)α′, and [1 − 1 1]β//[1 1 − 2 0]α′.
Author Correction: Baseline and Disease-Induced Transcriptional Profiles in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Creary Susan , Shrestha Chandra L. , Kotha Kavitha , Minta Abena , Fitch James , Jaramillo Lisa , Zhang Shuzhong , Pinto Swaroop , Thompson Rohan , Ramilo Octavio , White Peter , Mejias Asuncion , Kopp Benjamin T.
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Near-infrared-emitting nanoparticles activate collagen synthesis via TGFβ signaling
Authors: Kang Myung Hyun , Yu Han Young , Kim Goon-Tae , Lim Ji Eun , Jang Seunghun , Park Tae-Sik , Park Joung Kyu
Published: August 2020

Research efforts towards developing near-infrared (NIR) therapeutics to activate the proliferation of human keratinocytes and collagen synthesis in the skin microenvironment have been minimal, and the subject has not been fully explored. Herein, we describe the novel synthesis Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) by using a sonochemical method and reveal the effects of NIR irradiation on the enhancement of the production of collagen through NIR-emitting Ag2S NPs. We also synthesized Li-doped Ag2S NPs that exhibited significantly increased emission intensity because of their enhanced absorption ability in the UV–NIR region. Both Ag2S and Li-doped Ag2S NPs activated the proliferation of HaCaT (human keratinocyte) and HDF (human dermal fibroblast) cells with no effect on cell morphology. While Ag2S NPs upregulated TIMP1 by only twofold in HaCaT cells and TGF-β1 by only fourfold in HDF cells, Li-doped Ag2S NPs upregulated TGF-β1 by tenfold, TIMP1 by 26-fold, and COL1A1 by 18-fold in HaCaT cells and upregulated TGF-β1 by fivefold and COL1A1 by fourfold in HDF cells. Furthermore, Ag2S NPs activated TGF-β1 signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. The degree of activation was notably higher in cells treated with Li-doped Ag2S NPs, mainly caused by the higher PL intensity from Li-doped Ag2S NPs. Ag2S NPs NIR activates cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in skin keratinocytes and HDF cells, which can be applied to clinical light therapy and the development of anti-wrinkle agents for cosmetics.
A double quantum dot spin valve
Authors: Bordoloi Arunav , Zannier Valentina , Sorba Lucia , Schönenberger Christian , Baumgartner Andreas
Published: August 2020

A most fundamental goal in spintronics is to electrically tune highly efficient spin injectors and detectors, preferably compatible with nanoscale electronics and superconducting elements. These functionalities can be obtained using semiconductor quantum dots, spin-polarized by a ferromagnetic split-gate, which we demonstrate in a double quantum dot spin valve with two weakly coupled quantum dots in series, with individual split gates magnetized in parallel or anti-parallel. In tunneling magnetoresistance experiments we find a strongly reduced spin valve conductance for the two anti-parallel configurations, with a single dot polarization of ~27%. This value can be significantly improved by a small external magnetic field and optimized gate voltages, which results in a continuously electrically tunable quantum dot spin polarization of ±80%. Such versatile quantum dot spin filters are compatible with superconducting electronic elements and suitable for single spin projection and correlation experiments, as well as initialization and read-out of spin qubits.
An electrochemical sensor based on an Eriochrome Black T polymer and deep eutectic solvent for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole and lansoprazole
Authors: Mostafiz Bahar , Fotouhi Lida , Dorraji Parisa Seyed
Published: August 2020

Here we report the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of the concentrations of omeprazole (OMZ) and lansoprazole (LAN) in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals in Britton–Robinson buffer solution (pH 6.0).
Ion-mediated self-assembly of Cys-capped quantum dots for fluorescence detection of As(iii) in water
Authors: Wu Yingben , Liu Yan , Liu Huizhi , Liu Biao , Chen Wei , Xu Lijuan , Liu Jianbo
Published: August 2020

A sensitive As(iii) ion detection method has been developed based on target ion-mediated self-assembly of cysteine (Cys)-capped quantum dots (QDs), and fluorescence quenching.
Intracellular photoswitchable neuropharmacology driven by luminescence from upconverting nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ellis-Davies Graham C. R.
Published: August 2020

Upconverting nanoparticles absorbing 975 nm light enable remote control of a photoswitchable azobenzene drug inside cells in brain slices, accelerating cis to trans isomerisation, leading to block of neuronal potassium channels.
Solvent vapor-induced polarity and ferroelectricity switching
Authors: Kobayashi Fumiya , Akiyoshi Ryohei , Kosumi Daisuke , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya
Published: August 2020

A new example of vapor-induced reversible polarity and ferroelectricity switching system has been demonstrated in mononuclear iron(iii) complexes.
Conformation change significantly affected the optical and electronic properties of arylsulfonamide-substituted anthraquinones
Authors: Takeda Takashi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: August 2020

Simple N-methylation induced dynamic structural change of arylsulfonamide-substituted anthraquinone, which induced drastic change in optical and electronic properties.
Spin-transfer-torque mediated quantum magnetotransport in MoS2/phosphorene vdW heterostructure based MTJs
Authors: Behera Sushant Kumar , Deb Pritam
Published: August 2020

Spin-transfer-torque mediated quantum magnetotransport behaviour can be realized via magnetization density switching in 2D van der Waals heterostructures for device applications.
Polymer models for the mechanisms of chromatin 3D folding: review and perspective
Authors: Zhou Rui , Gao Yi Qin
Published: August 2020

In this perspective paper, classical physical models for mammalian interphase chromatin folding are reviewed.
Single-molecule level dynamic observation of disassembly of the apo-ferritin cage in solution
Authors: Maity Basudev , Li Zhipeng , Niwase Kento , Ganser Christian , Furuta Tadaomi , Uchihashi Takayuki , Lu Diannan , Ueno Takafumi
Published: August 2020

The 24-mer iron-storage protein, ferritin cage assembly plays important role in nanomaterials synthesis and drug delivery. Herein we explored the disassembly process of the cage by high-speed AFM in combination with all-atom MD simulations.
Solubilization power of surfactant-free microemulsions
Authors: Schöttl Sebastian , Matubayasi Nobuyuki , Horinek Dominik
Published: August 2020

An octanol/ethanol/water surfactant-free microemulsion solvates hydrophobic propane in small octanol/ethanol aggregates similar to traditional micelles.
Microfluidic lumen-based systems for advancing tubular organ modeling
Authors: Virumbrales-Muñoz María , Ayuso José M. , Gong Max M. , Humayun Mouhita , Livingston Megan K. , Lugo-Cintrón Karina M. , McMinn Patrick , Álvarez-García Yasmín R. , Beebe David J.
Published: August 2020

Microfluidic lumen-based systems are microscale models that recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of tubular organs. Here, we review recent microfluidic lumen-based systems and their applications in basic and translational biomedical research.
Quasi-homogeneous catalytic reaction and heterogeneous separation over Pd nanoparticles supported on modified poly(methyl methacrylate) with an upper critical solution temperature
Authors: Cheng Jinyu , Zhou Juan , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhang Minghui
Published: August 2020

A smart hydrogenation catalyst based on modified poly(methyl methacrylate) was prepared and showed excellent catalytic performance.
Boron isotopic analysis using molecular emission from double-pulse laser-induced plasma in aqueous boric acid solution
Authors: Choi Sung-Uk , Han Sol-Chan , Lee Jun-Yeop , Yun Jong-Il
Published: August 2020

The molecular emission of BO and BO2 radicals in laser-induced plasma has been investigated to analyze the boron isotopes in aqueous boric acid solution.
Identification of 6-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines with in vivo efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Thomas Michael G. , De Rycker Manu , Ajakane Myriam , Crouch Sabrinia D. , Campbell Lorna , Daugan Alain , Fra Gloria , Guerrero César , Mackenzie Claire J. , MacLean Lorna , Manthri Sujatha , Martin Franck , Norval Suzanne , Osuna-Cabello Maria , Riley Jennifer , Shishikura Yoko , Miguel-Siles Juan , Simeons Frederick R. C. , Stojanovski Laste , Thomas John , Thompson Stephen , Velasco Raul F. , Fiandor Jose M. , Wyatt Paul G. , Read Kevin D. , Gilbert Ian H. , Miles Timothy J.
Published: August 2020

The development of a chemical series with oral efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis is described.
Correction: Leishmania infantum isolates exhibit high infectivity and reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B
Authors: Faral-Tello Paula , Greif Gonzalo , Satragno Dinora , Basmadjián Yester , Robello Carlos
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Leishmania infantum isolates exhibit high infectivity and reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B’ by Paula Faral-Tello et al., RSC Med. Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0md00073f.
Developmental bioengineering: recapitulating development for repair
Authors: Goldfield Eugene C. , Coppens Marc-Olivier
Published: August 2020

A systematic, nature-inspired solution framework for bioengineering is presented. It applies universal concepts in natural development to inform designs for organ repair. The methodology is illustrated by considering retina and spinal cord repair.
Photoswitchable Cu(ii)/Cu(i) catalyses assisted by enzyme-like non-covalent interactions in Cu(ii)–melamine coordination polymers for installing CO2/CS2 and CF3 groups in heterocycles
Authors: Zhang Tiexin , Zang Hanbin , Gai Fangyuan , Feng Zhi , Li Mochen , Duan Chunying
Published: August 2020

This study describes photoswitchable Cu(ii)/Cu(i) catalyses and enzyme-like interactions in Cu–TDPAT for installing CO2/CS2 and CF3 groups in heterocycles.
High-performance amorphous organic semiconductor-based vertical field-effect transistors and light-emitting transistors
Authors: Gao Haikuo , Liu Jinyu , Qin Zhengsheng , Wang Tianyu , Gao Can , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: August 2020

Two kinds of vertical organic optoelectronic devices were constructed based on amorphous organic semiconductors and high device performances were achieved.
Conformation modification of terthiophene during the on-surface synthesis of pure polythiophene
Authors: Liu Liqian , Miao Xinrui , Shi Tingting , Liu Xiaogang , Yip Hin-Lap , Deng Wenli , Cao Yong
Published: August 2020

The on-surface reaction mechanism is Ullmann-type coupling to form ordered chains as well as Ullmann-type and dehydrogenative C–C coupling to fabricate cross-linked networks.
Copper nanocrystals anchored on an O-rich carbonized corn gel for nitrogen electroreduction to ammonia
Authors: Li Chang , Zhang Shengbo , Ding Zhenhua , Zhou Hongjian , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin
Published: August 2020

Copper nanocrystals anchored on an O-rich carbonized corn gel for electrochemical N2fixation to NH3with a faradaic efficiency of 25.89% and an NH3yield rate of 1514 μg h−1mgCu−1at −0.3 Vversusan RHE in 0.1 M Na2SO4.
Orientation mapping of Rabi frequencies in a rare-earth molecular qudit
Authors: Fang Yu-Hui , Liu Zheng , Wang Ye-Xin , Zhou Shen , Jiang Shang-Da , Gao Song
Published: August 2020

Utilizing the S = 7/2 4f spin and the D4 symmetry of a Gd(iii) complex, we propose and demonstrate an eight-leveled rare-earth molecular qudit, which can be coherently manipulated between adjacent energy levels with precompiled pulse durations.
Water-triggered union of multi-component reactions towards the synthesis of a 4H-chromene hybrid scaffold
Authors: Kumaravel Kandhasamy , Rajarathinam Balakrishnan , Vasuki Gnanasambandam
Published: August 2020

A union of multi-component reactions to construct pyrazole- and pyranopyrazole-adorned 4H-chromene from simple reactants in water at RT is reported. 2 distinct four-component reactions occur transiently to form 4 new heterocycles via 10 covalent bonds in a single step.
Hierarchical two-dimensional molecular assembly through dynamic combination of conformational states at the liquid/solid interface
Authors: Maeda Matsuhiro , Nakayama Ruri , De Feyter Steven , Tobe Yoshito , Tahara Kazukuni
Published: August 2020

Self-sorting of multiple building blocks for correctly positioning molecules through orthogonal recognition is a promising strategy for construction of a hierarchical self-assembled molecular network (SAMN) on a surface.
Fully oxygen-tolerant atom transfer radical polymerization triggered by sodium pyruvate
Authors: Szczepaniak Grzegorz , Łagodzińska Matylda , Dadashi-Silab Sajjad , Gorczyński Adam , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

A novel photoinduced ATRP system enabling a well-controlled polymerization in both aqueous and organic solvents in an ambient atmosphere.
Coordinative-to-covalent transformation, isomerization dynamics, and logic gate application of dithienylethene based photochromic cages
Authors: Zhang Jian-Hua , Wang Hai-Ping , Zhang Lu-Yin , Wei Shi-Chao , Wei Zhang-Wen , Pan Mei , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: August 2020

Metal-templated component self-assembly and then demetalation affords photochromic covalent organic cages applicable for upconversion PL-color tuning for logic gates.
Development of photo- and chemo-stable near-infrared-emitting dyes: linear-shape benzo-rosol and its derivatives as unique ratiometric bioimaging platforms
Authors: Dai Mingchong , Reo Ye Jin , Song Chang Wook , Yang Yun Jae , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: August 2020

NIR-emitting benzo-rosol and -rosamine dyes offer novel ratiometric imaging platforms with high pohoto- and chemo-stability.
The influences of carbon donor ligands on biomimetic multi-iron complexes for N2reduction
Authors: Nagelski Alexandra L. , Fataftah Majed S. , Bollmeyer Melissa M. , McWilliams Sean F. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Lancaster Kyle M. , Holland Patrick L.
Published: August 2020

High-spin diiron alkylidenes give insight into the electronic structure and functional relevance of carbon in the FeMoco active site of nitrogenase.
Pd-catalyzed stereoselective tandem ring-opening amination/cyclization of vinyl γ-lactones: access to caprolactam diversity
Authors: Xie Jianing , Li Xuetong , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: August 2020

A Pd-mediated stereoselective tandem process has been developed towards a large variety of functional caprolactam synthons.
Asymmetric synthesis of γ-chiral borylalkanesviasequential reduction/hydroboration using a single copper catalyst
Authors: Han Jung Tae , Lee Jin Yong , Yun Jaesook
Published: August 2020

Copper-catalyzed reductive hydroboration of γ,γ-disubstituted allylic substrates enables preparation of γ-chiral alkylboron compounds in a one-pot cascade manner.
Intermittent flow and transient congestions of soft spheres passing narrow orifices
Authors: Harth Kirsten , Wang Jing , Börzsönyi Tamás , Stannarius Ralf
Published: August 2020

Soft, low-friction particles can show intermittent flow features when passing narrow orifices.
Spinning elastic beads: a route for simultaneous measurements of the shear modulus and the interfacial energy of soft materials
Authors: Carbonaro Alessandro , Chagua-Encarnacion Kennedy-Nexon , Charles Carole-Ann , Phou Ty , Ligoure Christian , Mora Serge , Truzzolillo Domenico
Published: August 2020

We demonstrate that the elastic modulus and the surface energy constant of soft elastic materials can be simultaneously measured by analysing the deformation of millimetric beads under centrifugal forcing.
Bridging experiments and theory: isolating the effects of metal–ligand interactions on viscoelasticity of reversible polymer networks
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Vidavsky Yuval , Aharonovich Sinai , Yang Steven J. , Buche Michael R. , Diesendruck Charles E. , Silberstein Meredith N.
Published: August 2020

A systematic study of the effect of metal–ligand interactions on the viscoelastic properties of the reversible polymer networks.
Morphology regulation of metal–organic framework-derived nanostructures for efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Yuwen , Lu Mengting , Wu Yuhang , Ji Qinghong , Xu Hui , Gao Junkuo , Qian Guodong , Zhang Qichun
Published: August 2020

A series of morphology-regulated oxygen-evolution electrocatalysts including nanosheets, nanoflowers, nanotubes and aggregations derived from Hofmann-type metal–organic frameworks have been developed and demonstrated efficient catalytic properties.
SYPRO Orange – a new gold standard amyloid probe
Authors: Mora Aruna K. , Nath Sukhendu
Published: August 2020

SYPRO Orange, a zwitterionic molecule, shows a significantly lower amyloid detection limit than the present gold standard amyloid probe, thioflavin T.
Correction: Potent and regularizable crosslinking of ultrafine fibrous protein scaffolds for tissue engineering using a cytocompatible disaccharide derivative
Authors: Xu Helan , Liu Peng , Mi Xiang , Xu Lan , Yang Yiqi
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Potent and regularizable crosslinking of ultrafine fibrous protein scaffolds for tissue engineering using a cytocompatible disaccharide derivative’ by Helan Xu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 3609–3616, DOI: 10.1039/C4TB02100B.
Multi-Body Dynamics Simulation of Hoisting Wire Rope and Its Stress Analysis
Authors: Qin Zhi , Huang Qing , Jin Hongrui , Xue Hongqian
Published: August 2020

As a key component of the hoisting system of the crane, the steel wire rope will bear a variety of loading actions such as stretching, bending, vibration and impact in the process of traction hoisting. Therefore, it is important to determinate the dynamic characteristics of the steel wire rope under complex loads and understand the stress-strain state to predict the risk of hoisting operation in advance. This article takes the bridge crane as the engineering background, first, a dynamic model of a steel wire rope lifting system based on ADAMS/Cable was established, and the dynamic stress spectrum of the steel wire rope during the lifting process was calculated and obtained. Secondly, by establishing the geometric model and finite element model of the wire rope, the tensile stress and wire displacement distribution of the wire rope and the contact stress between the wire rope and the pulley and the wires inside the wire rope are analyzed during the lifting process of the crane. The final results show that the instantaneous acceleration of the steel wire rope increases the maximum tensile stress of the steel wire rope by 37% compared with the stable lifting stage at the instant of starting the steel wire rope, causes an increase in the stress amplitude of the wire rope cross section, and the lifting process of the steel wire rope is accompanied by unstable vibration loads. The analysis found that the outermost cross-section of the steel wire rope's outer strand was subjected to the greatest stress, and its local maximum tensile stress amplitude was increased by 56% compared to the stable lifting stage. The contact stress generated by the contact between the steel wire rope and the pulley causes contact wear on the external and internal strands of the steel wire rope, and promotes fatigue fracture of the steel wire rope.
Improved Model for On-Board Real-Time by Constructing Empirical Model via GMM Clustering Method
Authors: Sun Hao , Guo Yingqing , Zhao Wanli
Published: August 2020

The method of constructing an empirical model is used to compensate the deviation between the output of the on-board real-time model and the engine measurement parameters, and improve the parameter tracking and estimation performance of the on-board adaptive model in the full flight envelope. Due to the large amount of data acquired online, the clustering method based on Gaussian mixture model is implemented to realize data compression for offline training and updating the empirical model. The present empirical model is applied to the on-board adaptive model of civil large bypass ratio turbofan engine. The simulation results show that the empirical model based on Gaussian mixture model can reduce the output error of on-board real-time model, and the accuracy of the health parameter estimation and engine component fault isolation performance of the on-board real-time adaptive model with empirical model are improved.
Photovoltaic Equalizer Based on Single-Input Multi-Output Push-Pull Converter
Authors: Zhao Ben , Ma Rui , Huangfu Yigeng , Wei Jiang
Published: August 2020

Component mismatch often happens in the module-series photovoltaic system(including centralized, string, multi-strings PV system) due to partial shadowing, which causes a large loss of power generation. Photovoltaic equalizer can process the differential power under the condition of mismatching through parallel power electronic converter without changing the existing photovoltaic system architecture, so that all the modules can work near their maximum power points, which can greatly improve the power generation of the system under the condition of mismatching. This paper proposes a photovoltaic equalizer based on single-input multi-output push-pull converter. The topology has the advantages of simple structure and less switching devices. Firstly, the paper introduces the partial shadowing problem of photovoltaic modules and the principle of photovoltaic equalizer. Then, the topological structure and working principle of the proposed photovoltaic equalizer system are analyzed in detail. Finally, the simulation and verification of the designed photovoltaic equalizer are carried out. The simulated results show that the proposed equalizer can greatly improve the generation capacity of photovoltaic system under mismatching conditions, and the maximum increment can be up to 41%.
A High Precision Adaptive Back-Stepping Control Method for Morphing Aircraft Based on RBFNN Method
Authors: Qiao Fuxiang , Shi Jingping , Zhang Weiguo , Lyu Yongxi , Qu Xiaobo
Published: August 2020

To overcome the uncertainties of the nonlinear model of a morphing aircraft, this paper presents a high-precision adaptive back-stepping control method based on the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). Firstly, based on the analysis of static and dynamic aerodynamic parameters of the morphing aircraft, its nonlinear control law is designed by using the conventional back-stepping method. The RBFNN is introduced to approximate online the uncertain terms of the nonlinear control law so as to improve its robustness. The robust term is designed to eliminate the approximation error caused by the RBFNN. Secondly, the tracking differentiator is designed through solving the virtual control variables, thus solving the "differential expansion" problem existing in the traditional back-stepping method. The Lyapunov stability analysis proves that our method can ensure that the tracking error of a closed-loop system converges finally and that its signals are uniformly bounded. Finally, the digital simulation model of the morphing aircraft is established with the MATLAB/Simulink; our method is compared with the conventional back-stepping control method. The simulation results show that our method has a higher control precision and stronger robustness.
A Neural Network Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control Method for Launch Vehicles with the Limited Faults
Authors: Zhu Haiyang , Wu Yansheng , Rong Yi , Qin Xudong , Chen Yu
Published: August 2020

To tolerate the limited faults such as thrust decline or actuator jamming of launch vehicles, an adaptive fault-tolerant control method based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed in this paper. The method is based on a limited faults dynamics model, and the baseline controller is designed based on the pole placement, using RBFNN to online identify and compensate the fault parameters and uncertain disturbances in the model. Then an adaptive fault-tolerant control law is designed based on Lyapunov theory. The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive control method can effectively ensure the attitude stability as well as control accuracy under the limited faults of launch vehicles, compared with the traditional PD control method.
Briefing: task force for climate financial disclosures (TCFD) for the property and construction industry
Authors: Siew Renard
Published: August 2020

The property and construction industry are known to be a main contributor to climate change contributing more than 40% of the world's emissions. In direct response to this, there has been a call for corporations to be more transparent and align themselves to the requirements of the task force for climate financial disclosures (TCFD). This paper seeks to provide a briefing on the requirements of the TCFD. It highlights common challenges faced by the property and construction industry in implementing TCFD such as the difficulty in integrating climate related risks and translating them into quantitative measures, lack of capability within the industry to understand the complexities of climate risks and data collection issues among others. Recommendations are proposed to address these issues including setting up an industry specific network to share best practices in TCFD, harmonisation of existing frameworks to include TCFD requirements and exploring opportunities for incentivisation and rewards for early movers. This paper will be useful to property and construction industry practitioners who are looking at aligning to the requirements of the TCFD.
A light weight regularization for wave function parameter gradients in quantum Monte Carlo
Authors: Pathak Shivesh , Wagner Lucas K.
Published: August 2020

The parameter derivative of the expectation value of the energy, ∂E/∂p, is a key ingredient in variational Monte Carlo (VMC) wave function optimization methods. In some cases, a naïve estimate of this derivative suffers from an infinite variance, which inhibits the efficiency of optimization methods that rely on a stable estimate of the derivative. In this work, we derive a simple regularization of the naïve estimator, which is trivial to implement in existing VMC codes, has finite variance, and a negligible bias, which can be extrapolated to zero bias with no extra cost. We use this estimator to construct an unbiased, finite variance estimation of ∂E/∂p for a multi-Slater–Jastrow trial wave function on the LiH molecule and in the optimization of a multi-Slater–Jastrow trial wave function on the CuO molecule. This regularized estimator is a simple and efficient estimator of ∂E/∂p for VMC optimization techniques.
Spin injection efficiency through the pumping in epitaxial Co2MnSi/Pt thin film
Authors: Sasaki Y. , Sugimoto S. , Takahashi Y. K. , Kasai S.
Published: August 2020

The spin injection efficiencies in epitaxial Co2MnSi (CMS)/Pt thin films were investigated in spin pumping configuration. The inverse spin Hall (effect) voltage significantly depends on the post-annealing temperature Ta of CMS, which shows one order larger values than those of Fe and CoFe at Ta = 400 °C. The effective spin mixing conductance derived by the analytical model reaches 6.5 × 1019 m−2. Our findings suggest that the Co-based Heusler alloys could be promising material candidates as the spin injection source with spin pumping.
Effects of elasticity on unsteady forced convective heat transfer of viscoelastic fluid around a cylinder in the presence of viscous dissipation
Authors: Minaeian Ali , Nili-Ahmadabadi Mahdi , Norouzi Mahmood , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: August 2020

The effects of elasticity on flow structures and forced convection heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid around a cylinder were studied numerically using a finite volume method for the first time. In addition, the effects of viscous dissipation on flow and heat transfer parameters were studied over a wide range of Brinkman number (Br). The accurate non-linear Phan-Thien–Tanner model was used to describe the viscoelastic behavior of a polymer solution with a high retardation ratio (β = 0.6) over a wide range of Weissenberg (Wi) and Reynolds numbers (Re). The fluid properties were considered to be temperature-dependent. The results showed that the role of elastic effects in vortex shedding is a depreciator for Wi < 0.5 and an amplifier for Wi > 0.5. The Nusselt number was monotonically increased up to 52.2% with increasing Wi, β, Prandtl number (Pr), and Br over a wide range. The elastic forces affected the physical parameters by contrasting with the viscous forces so that the effects of elastic forces were weaker for high Reynolds numbers. Both hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers were thinner in a viscoelastic fluid, compared to a Newtonian fluid. In addition, a correlation for variations of the drag coefficient with Wi and two correlations for variations of drag coefficient and Strouhal number with Re for Newtonian and viscoelastic fluid were proposed. Finally, the effects of Wi, Pr, Br, and model parameters on the Nu, St, drag, and lift coefficient and the distribution of stress components, velocity, and temperature were examined.
Hierarchies of new invariants and conserved integrals in inviscid fluid flow
Authors: Anco Stephen C. , Webb Gary M.
Published: August 2020

A vector calculus approach for the determination of advected invariants is presented for inviscid fluid flows in three dimensions. This approach describes invariants by means of Lie dragging of scalars, vectors, and skew-tensors with respect to the fluid velocity, which has the physical meaning of characterizing tensorial quantities that are frozen into the flow. Several new main results are obtained. First, simple algebraic and differential operators that can be applied recursively to derive a complete set of invariants starting from the basic known local and nonlocal invariants are constructed. Second, these operators are used to derive infinite hierarchies of local and nonlocal invariants for both adiabatic fluids and homentropic fluids that are either incompressible or compressible with barotropic and non-barotropic equations of state. Each hierarchy is complete in the sense that no further invariants can be generated from the basic local and nonlocal invariants. All of the resulting new invariants are generalizations of Ertel’s invariant, the Ertel–Rossby invariant, and Hollmann’s invariant. In particular, for an incompressible fluid flow in which the density is non-constant across different fluid streamlines, a new variant of Ertel’s invariant and several new variants of Hollmann’s invariant are derived, where the entropy gradient is replaced by the density gradient. Third, the physical meaning of these new invariants and the resulting conserved integrals is discussed, and their relationship to conserved helicities and cross-helicities is described.
Space-filter techniques for quasi-neutral hybrid-kinetic models
Authors: Cerri S. S. , Camporeale E.
Published: August 2020

The space-filter approach has been proved as a fundamental tool in studying turbulence in neutral fluids, providing the ability to analyze scale-to-scale energy transfer in configuration space. It is well known that turbulence in plasma presents challenges different from neutral fluids, especially when the scale of interest includes kinetic effects. The space-filter approach is still largely unexplored for kinetic plasma. Here, we derive the space-filtered (or equivalently “coarse-grained”) equations in configuration space for a quasi-neutral hybrid-kinetic plasma model, in which ions are fully kinetic and electrons are a neutralizing fluid. Different models and closures for the electron fluid are considered, including finite electron-inertia effects and full electrons' pressure-tensor dynamics. Implications for the cascade of turbulent fluctuations in real space depending on different approximations are discussed.
Liquid slippage on rough hydrophobic surfaces with and without entrapped bubbles
Authors: Zuo Hong , Javadpour Farzam , Deng Shouchun , Li Haibo
Published: August 2020

The process of liquid slip on rough-walled hydrophobic surfaces with and without entrapped gas bubbles is modeled. Here, starting with the Navier–Stokes equations, a set of partial differential equations (PDE) and boundary conditions for the general effective slip tensor of a rough hydrophobic surface are constructed by an asymptotic analysis. The intrinsic slip and surface roughness are considered as the characteristics of the surface. The solution is based on a weak variation form that fully recovers the set of PDE and Navier slip boundary. For the surface with entrapped bubbles, a semi-analytical model based on eigenfunction expansion is developed. In addition to the surface characteristics, the size and contact angle of the bubbles are considered in the semi-analytical solution. Both models are validated with the published data as well as direct numerical simulation. Based on the model results, we present correlations of effective slip length with surface characteristics and entrapped bubbles. We found that surface roughness reduces liquid slippage on a surface. However, if the asperities on a surface are filled with gas bubbles, the effective slip length can significantly increase as long as the bubble contact angle is small. Interestingly, bubbles with a larger contact angle could act inversely and change a hydrophobic surface with a large intrinsic slip to a no-slip or even a sticky surface. These results shed light on the controversy over the order of magnitude of the actual slip length of water flow in carbon-based nanotubes and nanochannels. The model results also help understand the anomalies of high water production and high amounts of hydraulic fracturing fluid leak-off observed in tight oil and shale gas reservoirs.
Thermal stability of interface dipole modulation in atomic layer-deposited HfO2/SiO2 multi-stack structures
Authors: Asanuma Shutaro , Sumita Kyoko , Miyaguchi Yusuke , Horita Kazumasa , Jimbo Takehito , Saito Kazuya , Miyata Noriyuki
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we report on an interface dipole modulation (IDM) loss occurring in HfO2/atomically thin TiO2/SiO2 stack structures prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The IDM characteristic, which is observed as a capacitance–voltage (C–V) hysteresis curve, disappears when the temperature during ALD or post-deposition annealing exceeds its respective critical temperatures, even though the HfO2/SiO2 stack structure is maintained. We found a correlation between Ti suboxide formation and IDM loss and speculated the effect of impurities and defects introduced during the ALD process on IDM operation.
Finite-size corrections for the static structure factor of a liquid slab with open boundaries
Authors: Höfling F. , Dietrich S.
Published: August 2020

The presence of a confining boundary can modify the local structure of a liquid markedly. In addition, small samples of finite size are known to exhibit systematic deviations of thermodynamic quantities relative to their bulk values. Here, we consider the static structure factor of a liquid sample in slab geometry with open boundaries at the surfaces, which can be thought of as virtually cutting out the sample from a macroscopically large, homogeneous fluid. This situation is a relevant limit for the interpretation of grazing-incidence diffraction experiments at liquid interfaces and films. We derive an exact, closed expression for the slab structure factor, with the bulk structure factor as the only input. This shows that such free boundary conditions cause significant differences between the two structure factors, in particular, at small wavenumbers. An asymptotic analysis of this result yields the scaling exponent and an accurate, useful approximation of these finite-size corrections. Furthermore, the open boundaries permit the interpretation of the slab as an open system, supporting particle exchange with a reservoir. We relate the slab structure factor to the particle number fluctuations and discuss conditions under which the subvolume of the slab represents a grand canonical ensemble with chemical potential μ and temperature T. Thus, the open slab serves as a test-bed for the small-system thermodynamics in a μT reservoir. We provide a microscopically justified and exact result for the size dependence of the isothermal compressibility. Our findings are corroborated by simulation data for Lennard-Jones liquids at two representative temperatures.
Biochar augmentation improves ectomycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and soil fertility
Authors: Verma Balwant , Reddy M. Sudhakara
Published: August 2020

Synergistic effects of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal inoculation and biochar augmentation on plant growth, nutrient uptake and soil enzymes were investigated. A nursery experiment was conducted to assess the influence of ECM fungi (Suillus indicus and S. sibiricus) and biochar amendment (2% v/v) on the growth of Pinus wallichiana seedlings. Mycorrhizal colonisation significantly increased in biochar-amended soil compared to without biochar. Inoculation with ECM fungi in biochar-amended soils significantly increased the growth, biomass and phosphorus and nitrogen uptake of P. wallichiana seedlings compared with control as well as without biochar. The physicochemical properties of the soil were improved due to biochar augmentation and ECM inoculation. Activities of soil enzymes such as acid phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase and protease were significantly increased in biochar-amended soil along with ECM fungal inoculation. These results suggest that combined use of ECM fungal inoculation and biochar amendment had a positive impact on growth, nutrient uptake and mycorrhizal colonisation of P. wallichiana seedlings. Also, biochar prepared from pine needles has potential for enhancing plant growth and soil fertility.
How linguistic meaning harmonizes with information through meaning conservation
Authors: Mondal Prakash
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to characterize the relationship between information as defined in the information-theoretic approach and linguistic meaning by way of formulation of computations over the lexicon of a natural language. Information in its information theoretic sense is supposed not to be equivalent to linguistic meaning, whereas linguistic meaning has an intrinsic connection to information as far as the form and structure of the lexicon of a language (in a non-lexicological sense) is concerned. We argue that these two apparently conflicting aspects of the relationship between information and linguistic meaning can be unified by showing that information conserves linguistic meaning, only insofar as computations of a certain kind are defined on the symbolic elements of a lexicon. This has consequences not merely for the nature of lexical learning – natural or artificial or otherwise – but also for the conservation of information in axiomatic systems.
Now, never, or coming soon?
Authors: Rappe Sofiia
Published: August 2020

The general principles of perceptuo-motor processing and memory give rise to theNow-or-Never bottleneckconstraint imposed on the organization of the language processing system. In particular, the Now-or-Never bottleneck demands an appropriate structure of linguistic input and rapid incorporation of both linguistic and multisensory contextual information in a progressive, integrative manner. I argue that the emerging predictive processing framework is well suited for the task of providing a comprehensive account of language processing under the Now-or-Never constraint. Moreover, this framework presents a stronger alternative to theChunk-and-Passaccount proposed by Christiansen and Chater (2016), as it better accommodates the available evidence concerning the role of context (in both the narrow and wider senses) in language comprehension at various levels of linguistic representation. Furthermore, the predictive processing approach allows for treating language as a special case of domain-general processing strategies, suggesting deep parallels with other cognitive processes such as vision.
Pragmatic awareness and second language learning motivation
Authors: Yang He , Ren Wei
Published: August 2020

Motivation has an effect on the rate and success of second language (L2) learning. However, little is known about its role
in students’ levels of L2 pragmatic awareness. This study investigated whether and to what extent students’ L2 motivation influences their
pragmatic awareness. A total of 498 Chinese university students completed a two-part web-based survey (an appropriateness judgement task and
a motivation questionnaire), of whom 12 were subsequently interviewed. The quantitative results show that pragmatic awareness correlates
positively with attitudes towards the L2 community and the intended learning efforts. Moreover, a model combining the intended learning
efforts, attitudes towards the L2 community and attitudes towards learning English can significantly predict pragmatic awareness. The
analysis of semi-structured interviews reveals a mismatch between students’ immediate needs when learning English and outcomes of pragmatic
acquisition, which may contribute to the absent correlation between overall levels of L2 motivation and pragmatic awareness.