bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of the surface layer composition formed on ML19 magnesium alloy during melting at protective gas atmospheres
Authors: Bazhenov V. E. , Koltygin A. V. , Titov A. Yu. , Rizhskiy A. A. , Belov V. D.
Published: November 2019

Currently the most common method of the magnesium alloys flux free melting is the melting under the gas protective atmosphere. This atmosphere consists of inert carrier gas with low addition of active gas. The ML19 casting magnesium alloy contains Y and Nd that enough active. The interaction of such alloys with gas protective atmospheres is poorly studied and has serious practical importance. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has a great influence on the global warming and because of that its application is limited. As a result, the number of countries cross over to HFC-R134a as the active gas. This paper presents the investigation of the effect of gas protective mixtures consisting of carrier gas (argon of nitrogen) and active gas (SF6 or HFC-134a) on the composition of protective layer formed on the surface of ML19 magnesium alloy melt. It was developed a special laboratory setup providing the contact of the protective gas mixture with the alloy during heating, melting and solidification of the samples and preventing the influence of the surrounding atmosphere. The loss of the alloying elements was negligible but in the case of using nitrogen as a carrier gas the Y and Nd content in alloy was lower than if the argon is used. If SF6 is used as an active gas, the Zr content in alloys was lower. Composition and thickness of oxide film that formed in both SF6 and HFC-R134a protective atmospheres are mostly the same. The surface film is consist of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) with admixtures of oxides, fluorides and nitrides of zirconium, yttrium and magnesium. The key difference of protective layer phase composition if HFC-R134a used as an active gas is presence of the large amount carbon in the form of compounds and in a free state. Additionally, it was established that using of HFC-134a in protective atmosphere requires more careful dosage given the fact of its percentage in the gas mixture of more than 1 vol.% leads to severe corrosion of the crucible inner surface during the melting.
Comparative study of coatings obtained by ESD method using TiC–NiCr and TiC–NiCr–Eu2O3 electrodes
Authors: Kiryukhantsev-Korneev Ph. V. , Sytchenko A. D. , Levashov E. A.
Published: November 2019

The study covers coatings obtained on 40Kh steel substrates by electro-spark deposition (ESD) using TiC–NiCr and TiC–NiCr– Eu2O3 electrodes. Coatings were deposited by the Alier-Metal 303 unit in argon environment under the normal pressure using direct and opposite polarity. The structure, elemental and phase composition of electrodes and coatings were studied using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, and optical profilometry. Mechanical and tribological properties of coatings were determined by nanoindentation and testing according to the «pin-disk» scheme including high-temperature conditions in the range of 20–500 °C. The tests conducted include abrasive wear tests using the Calowear tester, impact resistance tests using the CemeCon impact tester, and tests for gas and electrochemical corrosion resistance. Test results showed that electrodes contain titanium carbide, nickel-chromium solid solution, and europium oxide in case of a doped sample. Coatings exhibit the same phase composition but solid solution is formed on the iron base. Coatings with the Eu2O3 additive do not differ significantly in structural characteristics, hardness, friction coefficient, and exceed the base coatings in terms of their abrasive resistance, repeated impact resistance, heat and corrosion resistance. There was an increase in impact resistance by 1.2–2.0 times, a decrease in corrosion current by more than 20 times, and an oxidation index by almost 2 times during the transition to doped coatings.
Structure and phase composition of SHS products in titanium, carbon and aluminum reactive mixtures
Authors: Pribytkov G. A. , Krinitsyn M. G. , Korzhova V. V. , Baranovskiy A. V.
Published: November 2019

The TiC + Al binder metal matrix composites were obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in the reactive powder mixtures of titanium, carbon (carbon black) and aluminum. It was found that a steady-state wave combustion occurs when the aluminum powder content in reactive mixtures does not exceed 50 wt.%. Loose SHS cakes obtained during synthesis were crashed and screened to get lumpy, nearly equlaxial composite powders favorable to good flowability necessary for powder application in cladding and spraying of wear-resistant coatings. The synthesis products were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and local energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that the average size of carbide inclusions in the composite structure depends on the content of thermally inert aluminum powder in the reaction mixtures. The titanium carbide lattice parameter determined by XRD turned out to be slightly below the known values for equiatomic titanium carbide. However, no any dependence of the lattice parameter on the aluminum content in composites was found. TiC inclusions in the composite structure were investigated by EDX spectroscopy. Titanium content in the carbide was close to that in equiatomic titanium carbide. Titanium carbide contains up to 2.5 wt.% aluminum in addition to titanium and carbon. Aluminum dissolution in the carbide lattice can influence the lattice parameter.
Non-sensitizing Zr–O–N coatings for jewelry made of non-precious alloys
Authors: Bazhenov V. E. , Khramchenkova E. S. , Koltygin A. V. , Prishepov S. V. , Shkalei I. V.
Published: November 2019

Recent decades jewelry manufacturers put into practice using of non-precious alloys in order to decrease the production costs. Nevertheless, the large number of customers has allergic (sensitizing) body reaction on jewelries. Applying of non-sensitizing coating is able to decrease negative influence of jewelry material on human body. One of the biologically inert materials toward to human body tissues is zirconium. In the present work we examined the zirconium-based coatings applied by magnetron sputtering. Eleven coating regimes of AISI 430 steel substrates by zirconium oxynitride were investigated. Coatings corrosion test in Hank’s solution, microhardness measurements, color performance in CIE 1976 L*a*b* and RGB color spaces were carried out. The coating width was 0.4–1.2 μm. It was established that coatings have microhardness 2.5–3.0 GPa and can simulate jewelries colors. Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it was evaluated that coatings consist of Zr, N and O. We select the sputtering regimes which provides metallic type coatings with the high optical reflectivity in the energy range near the infrared part of spectrum (<1.7 eV) and has golden color with a high lightness. It was experimentally proved that coatings are not corroding in Hank’s solution. The allergy patch test of jewelry with zirconium oxynitride coating demonstrate a good result on respondents with sensitizing reaction to non-precious alloys jewelry. The obtained results allow us to recommend the application of a zirconium-based coating magnetron sputtering in manufacturing of the non-precious alloys jewelry.
Alterações sexuais no climatério do ponto de vista cinesiológico-funcional - revisão
Authors: Camilo Sabrina Narcizo , De Conto Carolina Lazzarim , Carneiro Nunes Erica Feio , Latorre Gustavo Fernando Sutter
Published: November 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: As mudanças físicas e psicológicas que a mulher enfrenta durante o climatério, podem prejudicar a sexualidade devido às alterações hormonais do período. OBJETIVOS: Com isso, o objetivo desta revisão é de investigar os possíveis recursos fisioterapêuticos usados sob um prisma cinesiológico funcional para minimizar os efeitos deste período. MÉTODOS: Uma busca eletrônica das seguintes bases de dados foi realizada: PubMed, Lilacs e Google Scholar. A pesquisa foi executada do ano de 2010 até o ano de 2018, utilizando as seguintes combinações de palavras: disfunção sexual feminina AND menopausa AND fisioterapia, com os termos em português e inglês. RESULTADOS: Durante o climatério ocorre uma atrofia vaginal, e essa condição pode levar a dores durante o intercurso sexual que, por sua vez, podem gerar contraturas nos músculos do assoalho pélvico (MAP).  Uma vez instaurada esta contratura a dor tende a aumentar, assim originando um ciclo vicioso de dor. Os MAP durante o climatério também sofrem uma queda da sua função muscular, podendo gerar disfunções pélvicas como a incontinência urinária, os prolapsos de órgãos pélvicos e prejudicar a função sexual da mulher. CONCLUSÕES: A fisioterapia tem um grande arsenal de recursos terapêuticos que podem incrementar a musculatura pélvica e melhorar a qualidade de vida nesse período de declínio hormonal. Apesar de se necessitar de mais estudos a esse respeito, as técnicas fisioterapêuticas que obtiveram maior eficácia no tratamento da dispareunia em mulheres no climatério, descritas nesta revisão, foram a termoterapia na MAP, liberação manual dos ponto-gatilhos miofasciais da MAP e treinamento dessa musculatura. Sendo assim, a fisioterapia pélvica deve ser uma linha terapêutica a ser prescrita no climatério.
Desenvolvimento de aplicativo de orientações domiciliares para indivíduos com encefalopatia crônica não progressiva da infância
Authors: Dias Amanda Caroline Lobato , Cabral da Paz Cássia Oliveira , Gomes Isabelle Farias , Costa Carina Alves , Moraes Janine Brasil de Araújo , De Carvalho Izidio Sousa , Rocha Larissa Salgado de Oliveira
Published: November 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: A Encefalopatia Crônica Não Progressiva da Infância (ECNPI) é uma condição de deficiência física não progressiva decorrente de uma lesão no sistema nervoso central em desenvolvimento. Ela apresenta desordens motoras, no tônus muscular e na postura, com isso provocando uma deficiência na coordenação da ação muscular e dos movimentos, incapacidade ou dificuldade na manutenção postural. Com o crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças pode ocorrer um agravo do quadro de saúde, como aparecimento de deformidades e contraturas que afetam a funcionalidade, com isso, para minimizar esses efeitos são necessárias medidas preventivas. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver um aplicativo de orientação familiar para o manejo de pacientes referente a posicionamento, transferências posturais e prevenção de contraturas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo constituiu-se de uma pesquisa de produção tecnológica, visando o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel para a plataforma Android. A produção do aplicativo dividiu-se em três etapas, pesquisa científica, através das bases de dados de acesso eletrônico como PUBMED, LILACS, MEDLINE e Scielo; elaboração de uma linguagem simplificada e desenvolvimento da aplicação Android. RESULTADOS: O resultado obtido foi um aplicativo móvel composto por 5 tópicos: informações gerais da ECNPI, alongamentos, transferências posturais, manuseio e referências bibliográficas CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se a importância de adequar a assistência em saúde aos avanços tecnológicos para melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
THE IMPACT OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING ‘WEEBLY BLOG’ ON STUDENTS’ ABILITY OF OFFERING OPINION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE LEARNING
Authors: Rezkhikha Rayindayu Dwi
Published: November 2019

This study was motivated by the low skill of expressing opinions in class VIII SMP Negeri 5 Bandung because students tend to participate less actively in in expressing opinions. The methods used in this research was quasi-experimental using the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The purpose of this study were to know the impact of the project based learning Weebly Blog  on the offering opinion skill in experimental class and control class. This study sample was taken with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques used in this study were essay tests and questionnaires. The researcher employed Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality as an analysis technique and hypothesis testing with t-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the study in the experimental class and the control class. It is known based on the acquisition of sig. (2-tailed), the average value of the experimental class pre-test of 57.6, while the control class is 64.7. After being given treatment, both of them get 68. Based on the statistical data processing, the average value of the experimental class was not able to achieve greater acquisition of the control class. That is, the implementation of Weebly Blog project-based learning is not effective in improving opinion skills compared to the application of portfolio-based project learning.Keywords: Project Based Learning, Weebly Blog, Offering Opinion Skill.
The Role of Scout Extracurricular in Effort To Student’s Social – Emotional Character Development (SECD) Competence
Authors: Syawal Insani Nur
Published: November 2019

This research is motivated by problems that have been found such as antipathy, lack of emotional control, undisciplined, ignorant of the environment, less communicative, and inability to make decisions. This study aims to look at the role of scouts extracurricular in the competence of students' social and emotional character development. The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach using a descriptive method, with a case study research design with the research subjects as supervisors, unit builders, board members and members of the scouts at 19 Junior High School, Bandung. Data collection techniques used by researchers are in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The results showed that the scout extracurricular contributed significantly to the development of social and emotional character including self-awareness, self-management (regulation), social awareness, relationship skills and responsible decision making. The author provides recommendations for schools to be more morally and materially supportive so that scouts extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 19 Bandung can be more advanced and produce more students who are achievers and smart at the social and emotional competence, also become a good educational activity, not just mere formalities.
Sensibilidad de aislamientos de Phytophthora infestans procedentes de Solanum tuberosum a tres fungicidas sistémicos
Authors: Chañag Harold Andrés , Álvarez Sandra Lorena , Lagos Luz Estela , Burbano-David Diana Marcela
Published: November 2019

Phytophthora infestans, es el agente causal de una de las enfermedades más limitantes de cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum) en el departamento de Nariño causando que los agricultores utilicen de forma intensiva diferentes fungicidas, llegando a representar el 30% de los costos de producción, siendo un grave problema ambiental y de salud pública. El propósito de esta investigación es apoyar los programas de manejo integrado de enfermedades a partir de la generación de una línea base de sensibilidad de 20 aislamientos de P. infestans del departamento de Nariño frente a tres fungicidas sistémicos comerciales compuestos por Metalaxil 8% + Mancozeb 64%, Cimoxanil 6% + Propineb 70% y Fluopicolide 6% + Propineb 66,7%. Este estudio se llevó a cabo siguiendo la metodología in vitro utilizando cinco dosis basadas en una escala exponencial. Los resultados mostraron un comportamiento heterogéneo donde algunos aislamientos presentaron resistencia al fungicida compuesto por Metalaxil + Mancozeb, alcanzando valores promedio de EC50 de 6,67 µg mL-1, mientras que para los fungicidas compuestos por Cimoxanil + Propineb y Fluopicolide + Propineb se presentaron niveles de sensibilidad intermedia y sensibles con valores de EC50 promedio de 1,57 µg mL-1 y 2,61 µg mL-1. Por otra parte, la tasa de esporulación se redujo en su totalidad para los tres fungicidas cuando se evaluaron las dosis de 100, 1.000, 10.000 µg mL-1.
Effect of fertilization with N on height, number of leaves, and leaf area in banana (Musa AAA Simmonds, cv. Williams)
Authors: Torres-Bazurto Jaime , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Sánchez Jaiver Danilo
Published: November 2019

The production of bananas (Musa AAA Simmonds, cv. Williams) for export in the Uraba area of Colombia represents economic and social benefits for the country, demanding improvements in agronomic practices, especially fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate plant height, leaf area and number of leaves in banana cv. Williams in two production cycles to adjust fertilizer recommendations according to the needs of the plants in the development phase. A sixth-generation crop was used, which was evaluated during five stages of development and two consecutive production cycles in 2011 and 2012. The multivariate approach was used for the analysis of variance of the repeated measures design, with two factors between subjects (fertilization and repetitions) and one intra-subject factor associated with the production cycle. The linear models were adjusted according to the phenological stage determined as when the vegetative structures were present, simultaneously evaluating responses in plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area. The effect of N doses on the developmental stages of the banana for production cycle and between cycles indicated that the doses of 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1 had the best yield. The dose of 483 kg ha-1 was the best one since it resulted in the highest plant growth.
METHODS OF USING ROLE-PLAYING GAMES IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF BANKING PROFESSIONALS ON A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE
Authors: Shishkina T.
Published: November 2019

In the scientific article the essence and significance of learning through play or game learning are determined in the training of future bank employees on a practical example of a role-playing game. Increasing demands on the quality of professional training of future bank employees for the effective work in terms of development of market relations of the current economic instability, crisis phenomena in the financial and banking sphere, the process of professional training of future bankers requires the use of modern methods and teaching methods, especially those that form the active creative activity of students.Learning through play or game learning is such active teaching method with modern advances of computer technology, the global Internet network. The methods of active learning are a set of means of organization and management of training and learning activity. These methods are characterized by the following factors: forced students' activity, independent decision making in conditions of increased motivation and emotionality, constant interaction of the educational system and students. The examples of teacher-student interaction were analyzed.In the scenario of role play the knowledge, skills and abilities are practically defined that student should learn after participating in the role-playing game. The complete scenario of the role-play "Credit insurance" is provided, which consists of the preparation of game, goals, the game content, time-stamped scenario and results. The head of the game is the teacher who conducts practical classes.The game is conducted at the practical lesson on the discipline "Insurance Culture" after the lecture "Insurance Culture in Deposit Insurance and Financial and Credit Risks"Students' activity is increasing during role and business games, which is an important factor in receiving of a significant amount of knowledge and building skills and competencies for the same period of time on the traditional method of teaching (seminars and practical classes).Key words: role-playing game, professional competencies, pedagogical method, role-playing game scenario.
New Semantic Shades of Literary Phraseology: the Black Council by P. Kulish
Authors: Syzonov Dmytro
Published: November 2019

The article deals with stylistic transformations of a phraseologism of literary origin THE BLACK COUNCIL, which in mass consciousness is connected with: a) the eponymous chronicle novel by P. Kulish; b) a historical event, nominated as Nizhyn General Council of 1663; c) usurpation of power during the Cossacks Age and further economic decline. In modern times, the phraseologism can be considered in other relevant contexts, primarily political ones. To clarify the deactivation of the notion of THE BLACK COUNCIL, the texts of media communication as one of the dominant spheres of the modern society have been used. The study presents data from electronic search engines in which the analyzed phraseologism acts as a time marker. The greatest media reflection on the phraseologism is observed during periods of social shifts: mass actions and revolutions (2004 and 2014), parliamentary crises (2006, 2014 and 2019), presidential campaigns, changing presidents and / or the political course of the country. In fact, the analyzed phraseologism is regarded as a certain ideologeme of the modern Ukrainian political discourse. To verify the author's ideas, the method of media monitoring was used, which allowed to correctly show the role of the phraseologism and its stylistic transformations in genre syncretism as well as the statistical method, which supported the conclusions made. The author also analyzes broad derivative potential of the investigated phraseologism, which leads to a change in semantics and evolution of Ukrainian literary language as a whole. The author's attention is drawn to new semantic shades of the analyzed phraseologism, which are related to: a) updating of the language resource in media communication, b) expansion of the world information field, c) adjustment of value guidelines of Ukrainians, d) changing of political situation in the country. In fact, the phraseologism THE BLACK COUNCIL is an effective stylistic resource for describing the political situation, and its semantic transformation enhances media influence on the recipient, given his background knowledge.
On the Influence of Shevchenko's Autobiography on Kulish's
Authors: Rosovetskii Stanislav
Published: November 2019

In honor of the 200th anniversary of P. Kulish's birth, the article offers a multi-level comparison of autobiographies of two prominent Ukrainian writers of the 19th century. In the categories and concepts of modern literary criticism, the hypothesis of literary influence of T. Shevchenko on P. Kulish's perception of artistic autobiography genre is checked and confirmed. For this purpose, three texts are compared: an autograph of "Autobiography" by T. Shevchenko, deeply edited by P. Kulish for printing in "People's Reading" journal, a version of T. Shevchenko's "Autobiography" and an autobiography "My Life" by P. Kulish. The comparison is carried out at narratological, compositional, genre and intertextual levels. The historical background of the creation of each of the texts is analyzed. It is proved that the autograph of T. Shevchenko's "Autobiography" and P. Kulish's "My Life" both belong to the genre of artistic autobiography and have a compressed narrative structure. It is confirmed that T. Shevchenko didn't have extra-literary reasons for creating a third-person autobiography, unlike P. Kulish, who, moreover, was very likely to come under the literary influence of the text of T. Shevchenko and developed T. Shevchenko's narrative structure in his artistic autobiography. At the same time, it is assumed that literary influence might not be the main argument in choosing a third-person narration, since there were extra-literary reasons for keeping P. Kulish's incognito. It is noted that the text "My Life" of P. Kulish is more functional in the aspects of orientation to objectivity, emotional pressure and moderation of the author's image in literary life. Its narrative structure is compressed precisely for the sake of objectivity, addressees and consignees are implicit and difficult to isolate on each of the layers of the narrative structure precisely to mimic the non-fiction. The text of a letter to the author integrated into "My Life" is the only exception. It is concluded that hypothesis about literary influence of T. Shevchenko on P. Kulish within the genre of artistic autobiography is reliable and well-reasoned. To the author's mind, further studies should focus on finding evidence of unconscious literary influence of T. Shevchenko on P. Kulish in other genres, chances of discovering which in future are rather high.
Deniz Taktik İşaretlerinin Yazılı İlk Kaynağı
Authors: Yarkın Derya Şerif , Atmaca Gökhan
Published: November 2019

Bir savaşta veya çatışmada etkin, hızlı ve
güvenilir iletişimin katkısı büyüktür. Deniz savaşlarında uygulanacak
iletişimin temelini, kullanılacak taktikler belirler. Deniz savaş biçimlerinde
ve araçlarında yaşanan tarihsel süreç dikkate alındığında, amiraller ve kaptanlar
arasındaki iletişimin önemi
her zaman yüksek olduğundan, etkin çözüm için sürekli yeni arayışlar içinde
olunmuştur. Bugüne değin araştırılmış/bilinen arşiv
bilgileri ışığında, Kaptan James Dolfin tarafından 9 Eylül 1365 tarihinde
Venedik filosu için yayınlanmış olan savaş talimatı, bu konuda bir ilktir ve
günümüzdeki uygulamaların da atası olmuştur. Latince dilinde ve Venedik
lehçesinde hazırlanmış olan bu talimat, zaman içinde önce İtalyancaya, daha
sonra da İngilizceye çevrilmiştir. Söz konusu direktifin içeriğinde kullanılan
gemici dili dikkate alındığında, çevirilerinin deniz subayları tarafından
yapılmış olması önemlidir; böylece bilginin güvenilirliği de artmıştır. Bu
çalışma, Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri’nde görevli taktisyen ve planlayıcılara konuyla
ilgili tarihsel bilgi sunmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. 
Acute effect of myofascial reorganization of the trapezius muscle in peripheral muscle oxygenation in asympomatic subjects – a case series
Authors: Sinhorim Larissa , Amorim Mayane , Torres Laureani Jaques , Wagner Janaína , Niza Nathália Tiepo , Lemos Francisco De Paula , Sonza Verônica Vargas Horewicz Anelise , Santos Gilmar Moraes
Published: November 2019

Background: Myofascial Reorganization (MFR) is a physiotherapy technique that mixes myofascial pressures and slips and has been used as a simple and non-invasive method that readjusts soft tissues, as well as myofascial adhesions and contractures that may cause decreased blood supply and consequently of physical activity. Objective: To verify if the MFR alters the tissue oxygenation of the trapezius muscle (TM) in subjects without the pain symptom in the evaluation day. Methods: The sample consisted of eight subjects with a mean age of 23 (± 6) years and a body mass index of 23.2 (±15.0) kg.m-2. Changes in muscle oxygenation were measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (Portamon, Artinis, the Netherlands) in TM before and after 15 minutes of intervention. The proposed MFR protocol lasted approximately 10 minutes and consisted of pressures, stretching and myofascial slippage of the upper, middle and lower TM fibers. Data normality was performed using the Shapiro Wilk test and due to the parametric nature of the data, the paired t-test was used for pre and post intervention comparison. Results: There was a significant increase in the tissue saturation index (TSI) in the trapezius muscle (80.7±2.7% vs. 89.4±4.6%; p= 0.002) in the pre and post intervention comparison. The pre-post variation delta of oxyhemoglobin - O2 Hb (8.1±11.2 g/dL), deoxyhemoglobin - HHb (-0.72±1.6 g/dL) and total hemoglobin - tHB (7.4±12.3 g/dL) showed no significant difference. However, there was an increase in O2 Hb, tHB levels and a decrease in HHb. Conclusion: The findings showed that the MFR applied on trapezius muscle increased the TSI, which reflects on peripheral muscle oxygenation in subjects without pain in the day of evaluation.
Organizational and Legal Transformations in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Kolotkov M. B.
Published: November 2019

The article scrutinises organizational and legal changes that took place in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. During that period, the Russian Government continued the course aimed at consistent reforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in general and the system of political investigation in particular. Special attention is paid to the process of redistribution of powers among chief executeves of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Also, attention is drawn to the implementation of the problem of determining the term for the regulatory acts expiration and, as a consequence, the loss of their legal force. The article concludes that the absence of a systematic and uniform approach to determining the limits of temporal scope of regulatory acts is one of the problems of the Russian legal system of the late 19th century. It is established that the main reason for the constant redistribution of functions between the Minister of Internal Affairs and his peers was a subjective approach of certain individuals who, in different periods, held the post of minister. Categories of feasibility and normative guidelines were gradually distorted, and individual personal interests came to fore, which certainly did not facilitate the improvement of the quality of the work of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The Institute of Guardianship in Muslim Family Law in the Early Middle Ages
Authors: Dadashev M. O.
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the rights of the child and parents in the Muslim family law of the early Middle Ages and its formation in the 8th-10th centuries. The key rights of the child were determined and explained: the right to life, the right to naming, the right to nafaka-the right to financial support-the right to the awareness of his or her genealogy, the right to breastfeeding and the right to up-bringing (al-hidana). In addition, the article provides for the following classifications of the rights in question: basic, financial-economic, religious-ethical. Also, the author considers the issue of prohibition of adoption and gives the definition of an orphan (jatim) under Muslim family law, elucidates peculiarities of the status of orphans, the mechanism for protecting property rights of orphans, rights and duties of guardians with respect of orphans and their property, powers of the kadia (judge) regarding the issue of protecting the rights of orphans, types of guardianship. The reasons and procedure for deprivation of guardianship are also examined. In addition, the author considers parental property rights regarding children.
The Concept and Essence of Estoppel
Authors: Roor K. A.
Published: November 2019

The article considers the issue of determining the legal nature of prohibition of changeable conduct committed for an unlawful purpose. The study is based on the analysis of civil law specific principles operation when estoppel is applied. The conclusion is drawn that the basis of estoppel lies in the operation of several principles of civil law, and the main principle is the principle of good faith. The rule of estoppel demonstrates the lack of consistency among civil law principles, when they are allowed to compete with each other. The article provides an overview of opinions with respect of estoppel definitions given in the Russian scientific literature. This is necessary to solve the problem of implementing rules concerning estoppel in the Russian legal system, since the law-maker has followed the path of enshrining certain kinds of estoppels in the legislation rather than formulating a universal rule that prohibits inconsistent and evasive behavior in the Civil Code of the RF. The author proposed an independent definition of estoppel as a universal category.
An Enterprise as an Object of Civil Rights in Subsoil Use: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Levochko V. V.
Published: November 2019

An enterprise as a holder of civil rights is a universal legal construction. When the I Part of the RF Civil Code was adopted, it was assumed that the enterprise would be the main participant of civil law transactions of the business. However, the introduced legal regime of the enterprise did not meet expectations. The study of theoretical standpoints with respect of the legal essence of the enterprise as a holder of civil rights shows the lack of unanimity of opinions among contemporary representatives of civil law. The most justified and logical approach to the development of legislation in this matter involves determination of a generic category "proprietary complex" and introduction of distinctive features in relation to its types, including the enterprise. The subsoil legislation and relevant jurisprudence analysis justifies the prospects for using the enterprise as a party to civil transactions in the subsoil use sphere, since its legal design allows to combine diverse property rights for their effective circulation, which, to a certain extent, will solve the problem of separate legal consequences for the rights to a subsoil plot and property inseparably attached to it, as well as the problem of the legal form of transfer of the right to subsoil use in certain cases.
The concept of "WTO law": The Debate Continues
Authors: Saliya M. R.
Published: November 2019

The phenomenon of the law of the World Trade Organization continues to be the starting point for the subject of study by international lawyers. The study of the provisions of the "package of WTO agreements", the practices of arbitration groups and the Appeals Body, the reports of the International Law Commission on fragmentation in international law and the scientific doctrine of various countries prove that "WTO law" is a "special treaty regime" existing in the international law framework. Its isolation is out of the discussion at least because the application of the norms of "WTO law" is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969. This article is an attempt to present the author's point of view on the existing problem.
Ocena atrakcyjności infrastruktury turystycznej Tunezji metodą wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej
Authors: Widz Monika
Published: November 2019

Tunezja należy do destynacji popularnych wśród zorganizowanych turystów masowych, dla których ważnym czynnikiem w procesie podejmowania decyzji nabywczych jest infrastruktura turystyczna. Celem opracowania była ocena jej atrakcyjności w ujęciu ilościowym w odniesieniu do całego obszaru kraju oraz do poszczególnych gubernatorstw. Ocenę tę przeprowadzono w ramach przyjętych elementów składowych infrastruktury (baz: noclegowej, gastronomicznej, komunikacyjnej i towarzyszącej) metodą wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej. Przyjęta procedura umożliwiła wymierne porównanie ze sobą 24 gubernatorstw jako obiektów wielocechowych przy wykorzystaniu sumarycznego wskaźnika cech. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że generalnie infrastruktura turystyczna Tunezji jest mało atrakcyjna. Natomiast w poszczególnych jednostkach administracyjnych jej atrakcyjność jest znacznie zróżnicowana. Jako najbardziej atrakcyjną oceniono infrastrukturę w gubernatorstwie Tunis w północnej części Tunezji, a najmniej – w gubernatorstwie Al-Kasrajn na zachodnim, górzystym obszarze kraju. Otrzymane rezultaty wskazują ponadto na konieczność lepszego wykorzystania infrastruktury w gubernatorstwie Tunis poprzez przygotowanie np. oferty skierowanej do turystów masowych.
Educational Administrators’ Technological Leadership Efficacy and Perceptions towards Implementation Levels of Teaching and Learning Activities
Authors: ULUKAYA Fatih , YILDIRIM Nail , ÖZEKE Vildan
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
okul yöneticilerinin teknoloji liderliği özyeterlikleri ile eğitim öğretim
işlerini gerçekleştirme düzeylerine ilişkin algılarını belirlemek ve teknoloji
liderliği özyeterliklerinin eğitim öğretim işlerini gerçekleştirme düzeyine
katkısını ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede Tokat ilinde görev yapan 112 okul
yöneticisine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde okul
yöneticilerinin teknoloji liderliği özyeterlik algılarının sadece dijital çağ
öğrenme kültürü boyutunda “yeterli düzeyde”, diğer alt boyutlarda ve genel
toplamda ise “orta düzeyde” olduğu görülmüştür. Okul yöneticilerinin eğitim
öğretim işlerini gerçekleştirme düzeylerine ilişkin analiz sonuçları
incelendiğinde, okul yöneticilerinin araştırmanın tüm alt boyutlarında ve genel
toplamda verdikleri cevapların “çok katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu görülmüştür.
Bu iki değişken, yaş, okul türü ve il/ilçede çalışıyor olma durumlarına göre
farklılaşmaktadır. Eğitim öğretim işleri gerçekleştirme düzeyleri toplamı ile
teknoloji liderliği özyeterlik algıları toplamı arasında da pozitif yönde, orta
düzeyde ve anlamlı bir ilişki görülmektedir. Eğitim öğretim işlerini
gerçekleştirme düzeylerine ilişkin varyansın %29’unun okul yöneticilerinin
teknoloji liderliği özyeterlik düzeyleri ile açıklandığı görülmüştür.
Farklı Öğretim Kademesindeki Öğrencilerin Işığın Yansıması Konusunu Anlama Düzeyleri
Authors: Ayvacı Hakan Şevki , Candaş Bahar
Published: November 2019

Işık soyut yapısından dolayı öğrencilerin
zihinlerinde yapılandırmakta zorluk çektiği kavramlardan biri olup, kavramın
günlük yaşamdaki yerinden dolayı kavramsal yapılanmanın erken gelişim
dönemlerinden itibaren doğru yapılanması önemlidir. Bu çalışma, farklı öğretim
kademesindeki öğrencilerin ışığın yansıması konusuna ilişkin kavramsal anlama
düzeylerinin gelişiminin biçimlendirici yoklama soruları ile belirlenmesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Kesitsel yöntem ile yürütülen çalışma, Trabzon ilinde öğrenim
gören 18 okul öncesi, 25 dördüncü sınıf, 20 yedinci sınıf ve 15 lise ikinci
sınıf öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Keeley tarafından ışığın yansımasına yönelik
geliştirilmiş beş biçimlendirici yoklama sorusu ile veriler toplanmıştır.
Öğrencilerin cevapları incelendiğinde, her öğretim kademesindeki öğrenci
grubunun cisimlerin gece ve gündüz ile karanlıkta görünmeleri ve düzlem
aynadaki görüntünün büyüklüğü ile ilgili yanlış ve alternatif kavramlarının
olduğunu ve kavramsal gelişimleri arasında ciddi farklılıklar olmadığını
göstermektedir. Fen öğretiminde gerçek yaşam problemleri çözümlenirken
kavramsal anlama ve muhakeme yerine matematiksel problemlerin ön planda
alınmasının bu durumun nedeni olduğu düşünülmektedir. Öğrencilerin bilişsel
farklılıklarının olmadığı düşünüldüğünde, ışığın yansımasına ilişkin
hazırlanacak ders içeriklerinin öğrencilerde kavramsal derinliği sağlayacak
şekilde hazırlanması önerilmektedir.
Issues in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies and Unethical Behaviors: An Overview
Authors: İlgaz Selçuk , Çelen Akif
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to compare of the
effect of Jigsaw and Student Teams Achievement Divisions methods based on
cooperative learning to sixth grade students’ academic achievement in social
studies course. In this study, pretest-posttest control ungrouped experimental
model was used. Research, at 2014-2015 academic years to 6. grade students in
Malatya province, has been made with the implementation the Jigsaw to
Experimental I and Student Teams Achievement Divisions to Experimental II
during 15 lesson. Achievement Test used as data collection tool had applicate
to experimental groups before experiment and after experiment, Pretest was
analyzed with parametric Independent Group T Test, Posttest was analyzed with
non-parametric Mann Whitney U Test. According to research results, there was no
significant difference between groups that implemented Jigsaw and Students
Teams Achievement Divisions methods
A NEW APPROACH FOR EVALUATING THE RANKINE CYCLE THROUGH ENTROPY GENERATION
Authors: KARAKURT Sinan , GUNES Umit
Published: November 2019

Increasing oil prices, the growing demand for energy, the adoption of new regulations for greenhouse gases and other harmful particulate emissions, as well as political instabilities and crises have necessitated the design of more efficient and environmentally-friendly plants. This paper presents a useful combination of mean cycle irreversibility (MCI) for thermodynamically optimizing the Rankine cycle using the MCI as the currently proposed criterion. The thermal irreversibilities and physical size of a system are evaluated together using the criterion that aims to minimize the ratio of the thermal irreversibilities or exergy destruction to a specified size that is characterized as the difference between the maximum and the minimum specific volumes of the cycle. The analyses consider the effects of different boiler-outlet or turbine-inlet pressures and temperatures, different condenser pressures, and different isentropic efficiencies on cycle performance. The results show that increasing the inlet temperature for a constant turbine-inlet pressure increases the MCI and increasing the turbine-inlet pressure at a constant inlet temperature decreases the MCI. With boiler pressure at 500 kPa, the boiler temperature increases from 500K to 600K, the MCI value increases nearly seven-fold, and thermal efficiency increases from 14% to nearly 16%. Also, the results show that the criterion gives more beneficial information to designers and engineers in terms of exergy destruction for designing more environmentally friendly and smaller thermal systems.
Is flap fixation an effective technique for reduction of postmastectomy seroma?
Authors: Gomaa Emaad , Helmy Mena Zarif , Ali Mohamed M.
Published: November 2019

Background: Seroma formation after breast cancer surgery cannot be avoided, but it can possibly be decreased by closing of the dead space surgically. Prospective trials have established that flap fixation after mastectomy, and consequently dead space diminution, can be very valuable.Methods: A clinical trial done in Sohag University Hospital. All patients undergoing mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy for invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were eligible for inclusion and divided into two groups: The control group (C) From, patients had conventional wound closure; and flap fixation group (FF) where patients underwent wound closure using flap fixation.Results: We found that the mean blood loss was significantly higher among C group compared to only 41 ml among FF group. Regarding seroma formation, the total number of patients developed seroma showed non-significant difference between the two groups; while the number of seroma requiring aspiration was significantly higher among C group (48%) compared to FF group (20%). Regarding skin dimpling, it was mild and temporary in the minority of FF group cases, persisted in only 8% of cases after 6 months postoperative. Shoulder mobility was normal in the vast majority of cases in the early postoperative period (28% among C group and 40% among FF group); and all of these cases returned to normal shoulder mobility after 6 months of physiotherapy.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that reduction of the dead space after mastectomy using flap fixation reduces seroma formation and seroma aspirations without significant rise in the complications such as skin dimpling and shoulder mobility limitations.
Evaluation treatment modalities of the pilonidal disease
Authors: Jaffar Al-Saadi Muhammed H.
Published: November 2019

Background: The pilonidal disease is a minor surgical pathology that has distressful complications. Many original and newer treatment modalities have been used in its management (including excisional and conservative surgical approaches). However, there is non-consensus on any one of them and the main reason is the significant recurrence rate. The objective of the study was to evaluate the excisional surgical modalities and conservative surgical approach in management the pilonidal disease.Methods: A prospective study enrolled 98 patients (80 males vs. 18 females) with chronic sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. The ages range is 15-42 years. Group IA were treated by simple excision with primary closure, group IB by simple excision with Z- plasty and group II by conservative surgical approach. The wound complications (wound disruption and infection), length of hospital stays, recurrence rate, patients' satisfaction, and the cosmetic appearance were recorded.Results: The excision and Z-plasy has the least recurrence rate, wound complications rate and average time off work days. The simple excision with primary closure has the highest patient's cosmetic satisfaction. Conservative surgical approach has the worst results (recurrence rate 75%, wound infection rate 65%, 21 days average time off work and two days average length of hospital stay)..Conclusions: The Z-plasty is superior to other methods (has the least recurrence rate). The conservative treatment has non-encouraging results, we recommend it for patients unwilling excisional surgery.
Surgical intervention using ellipse technique in treatment of gynecomastia
Authors: Elghotmy Mohamed Hamdy
Published: November 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcome of the ellipse technique in 10 Egyptian patients in contrast with state-of-the-art practice cited in the medical literature.Methods: A prospective comparative study was carried out on 10 consecutive patients with grade III (Simon’s classification) gynecomastia presenting to the outpatient clinic at Menoufia university hospital, Menoufia, Egypt during the period during from June 2015 to march 2018. History taking, local examination, radiological examination and laboratories investigation were done.Results: Mean age of patients was 29.3 years. The BMI of the patients ranged from 32.3 kg/m2 to 37 kg/m2 with a mean BMI of 34.82 kg/m2. All patients showed good wound healing when dressings were removed at the 10-day interval. The scars showed maturation at around 10 to 12 months. None of the patients had a major complication such as infection, hematoma, seroma, or nipple-areola complex necrosis. There were no early postoperative complications apart from moderate bruising in 3 patients. Late complications included slowly resolving hypoesthesia in two patients. This was a transient complication that resolved completely. No patient required revision surgery.Conclusions: The technique allows precise control of the final shape and contour of the corrected chest wall with proper positioning of the nipple-areola complex without a residual deformity. It has been shown to yield consistent and reproducible results in this subset of patients in an easy, quick and safe manner. The technique is also easily learned and taught. The resultant scarring is positioned along the lines of least skin tension and is quite inconspicuous and well hidden in patients with excess chest wall hair.
Comparative study of pattern of head injury in a rural community hospital and a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Patil Suhas , Huda Tanweerul , Jain Sheel C. , Pandya Bharati , Narang Ravinder
Published: November 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to compare clinical patterns of head injuries in reference to the Glasgow coma scale including neurological examination and also to determine morbidity and mortality in head injury patients admitted to a nodal tertiary care hospital and a rural community hospital.Methods: This prospective study was done at the emergency department of Kasturba Hospital attached to Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Sushrut Hospital, Maharashtra on a total of 1000 cases during one-year study duration. The severity of the head injury was analysed using a Glasgow coma scale and outcome in terms of management and death was assessed.Results: Out of 1000 cases with head injuries, 900 cases were admitted in tertiary care hospital and 100 cases in a rural hospital. A significant difference was observed in terms of age group (p=0.01), mode of trauma (p=0.04) and symptoms (p=0.03) among the patients admitted with head injuries in both hospitals. The mortality rate was 1% and 3% in tertiary care and rural hospitals respectively.Conclusions: Head injuries are predominantly affecting the male population and most of them are due to road traffic accidents. Early assistance of medical aid and emergency room care results in good outcomes with minimal deaths.