bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Structuring and Variation in a Nonprofit Subfield: Examining Institutional and Regional Pressures in U.S. Historic Preservation Nonprofits
Authors: Velez Anne-Lise Knox
Published: August 2018

Public administration and management recognizes key subsectors in the public sphere as nested within and shaped by institutional fields. However, we know little about the forces that influence their development at different levels or how patterns in institutional fields and in forces shaping these fields vary by level and location. We therefore understand little about potential levels for shaping nonprofit advocacy, decision-making, and organizational capacity in nonhomogenous subsectors. This mixed methods study examines nested pressures shaping a U.S. nonprofit subsector, focusing on two ecological levels of influence in historic preservation nonprofits. I use data from 96 interviews with National Trust Partner organizations in 44 states to develop typologies of professional approaches to preservation and capacity. Findings indicate that both national and regional pressures shape scope and capacity in these nonprofits, underscoring the importance of considering institutional contexts structuring subsectors rather than assuming sector-wide patterns and behaviors. This study provides a baseline for future research on developments in the U.S. nonprofit historic preservation subsector and provides insight for practitioners and legislators into the levels that shape scope and capacity in nonprofit subsectors.
A Nonprofit Organization’s Approach to Cognize Community Responses to Historic and Perpetuated Structural Racism in Baltimore City
Authors: McLeod Branden A. , Gilmore Jasmine , Daughtery Laura G. , Jones, Jr. Joseph T.
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this manuscript is to illustrate how a local nonprofit organization in Baltimore City attempted to cognize, depict, and frame the perspectives of community stakeholders concerned about structural racism in the city. Six months after the death of Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old unarmed black man who died in a hospital from spinal cord injuries sustained while in police custody in West Baltimore, the authors were invited to participate in a community conversation aimed at identifying solutions to structural racism. In partnership with the host community agency, which is located in West Baltimore, the authors developed a survey that was used to depict the conversation and analyzed the survey results. Within this manuscript, key findings and a narrative are provided to give readers an understanding of the context and tone of the conversation. This manuscript further provides an approach by nonprofit organizations, public agencies, and/or policymakers to engage in meaningful discourse with economically marginalized communities around issues of structural oppression and inequality.
Trends in Dam Upgrading in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Takashi ,   National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management 1 Asahi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0804, Japan, Kondo Masafumi
Published: August 2018

Japan is subjected to harsh weather conditions, with a high overall annual rainfall, a rainy season, and concentrated torrential rains during the typhoon season. Moreover, rivers in Japan generally have a steep gradient and are characteristically subjected to sudden rises of water level that cause flooding, or the falling of water level over a short period when the rain ends, causing the water shortage. Although dams have been constructed according to river basin characteristics to handle flooding and water usage issues, the number of favorable dam sites in Japan is rather small. Thus, extensive dam upgrading, aimed at strengthening the function of existing dams, has recently been carried out. In this report, examples of past dam upgrading projects as well as the status of dam upgrading are reviewed. In particular, the technological issues of dam heightening and additional installation of discharge facilities are discussed for upgrading projects in which structural retrofitting is carried out while the dam is in operation. Moreover, the required measures are considered.
Field Verification and Evaluation of Technology Towards Introduction of Underwater Inspection Vehicle
Authors: Nitta Yasushi , Yoshida Takashi ,   National Research and Development Agency Public Works Research Institute
 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8516, Japan,   Advanced Construction Technology Center, Tokyo, Japan
Published: August 2018

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) aims to perform underwater inspection of dams using vehicles instead of divers, to address the deterioration of infrastructures, considering the shortage of engineers and technicians in the near future, in order to improve inspection safety. To this end, the technology for underwater inspection vehicles was publicly invited to conduct the verification of the technology at the concrete gravity dams and concrete arch dams, managed by MLIT. This paper reports the contents of the field verification, evaluation of the technology, and the results of the trial introduction, assuming practical operation.
The Effect of Brine on Organisms-Hydrobionts
Authors: A. U. Issayeva , V. K. Bishimbayev , A. I. Zhumagulyeva
Published: August 2018

The problem of salinization of water resources associated with the drying of the Aral sea is one of the urgent problems of Kazakhstan. Annual salt storms cover hundreds of kilometers around the sea with a salt layer. Salinization of water resources leads to changes in the population structure of aquatic organisms. On the other hand, the influence of brine on aquatic organisms is not well understood. As a result of the work it was found that the introduction of the surface brine of lake Zhaksy-Klych, located near the Aral sea, into the aquatic environment in a ratio of 1:1 causes the death of all protozoal organisms, and in the cells of filamentous algae there was a convex plasmolysis. The most resistant diatoms in which the introduction of brine into the water causes a gradual plasmolysis of convex and convulsive form.
The Case for Comanagement and Care Pathways for Osteoporotic Patients with a Hip Fracture
Authors: Swart Eric , Kates Stephen , McGee Sarah , Ayers David C.
Published: August 2018

* Rapid preoperative evaluation and clearance is an essential component of hip fracture care. Evidence-based guidelines should be used to reduce unnecessary testing and minimize delays.

* Current practice guidelines recommend surgery within 24 to 48 hours of presentation, and a well-designed pathway can typically facilitate rapid surgery for all but the most medically unstable patients.

* Institutionalized initiation of osteoporosis management in patients with a hip fracture improves patient outcomes and is cost-effective but must overcome multiple barriers. Several pragmatic programs have been developed to help orthopaedic surgeons facilitate this process.

* Comanagement services need substantial work to establish, require teamwork among multiple engaged teams, and should create a culture of continuous process improvement.

* When implemented successfully, comanagement services with dedicated care pathways can improve outcomes, reduce complications, streamline care, and result in cost savings.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Woznak Catherine E. , Sadowski Catherine K.
Published: August 2018

Women are 8 times more likely than men to injure an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The female ACL has estrogen and relaxin receptors, which affect the integrity of the tissue as the hormones rise and fall. Relaxin, a hormone produced by the corpus luteum, affects connective-tissue elasticity by decreasing collagen, thus weakening the tissue’s strength. Women may be more susceptible to ACL injuries during the menstrual cycle. Taking oral contraceptive pills may decrease a woman’s risk of injuring the ACL by preventing cyclic fluctuations in hormone levels.
Construcción y validación del Inventario de Relaciones Interpersonales y Dependencias Sentimentales (IRIDS-100)
Authors: Sirvent Ruiz Carlos , Moral Jiménez María de la Villa
Published: August 2018

Se analiza la Dependencia Emocional, descrita como un comportamiento desadaptativo contingente a una interrelación afectivo-dependiente, así como la Codependencia (síndrome de cuidador-heterocontrolador) y la Bidependencia (dependencia afectiva injertada sobre una dependencia de sustancias). El propósito de este trabajo es construir y validar el Inventario de Relaciones Interpersonales y Dependencias Sentimentales (IRIDS-100). La muestra total está integrada por 880 sujetos, de los cuales 100 (11,4%) están filiados como dependientes emocionales; 52 (n= 5,9%) como codependientes y 75 (n=8,5%) como bidependientes. Se han seleccionado mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple 311 (35,3%) sujetos de población general y varias muestras de comparación (adictos y familiares no codependientes). Se ha empleado un AFE (método de extracción componentes principales) y se evaluaron criterios de confiabilidad, consistencia interna y validez de contenido y decisión. Se han confirmado las garantías psicométricas del IRIDS-100 y se ha hallado una estructura factorial integrada por siete dimensiones explicativas: Triada Dependiente, Acomodación. Autoengaño, Sentimientos Negativos, Caracterosis, Antecedentes personales y Triada codependiente. Los constructos analizados poseen entidad y razón de ser por el impacto sociosanitario de los mismos: un 8,66% de la población general (grupo control) presenta un nivel notable de dependencia relacional. Proponemos profundizar sobre el fenómeno de las dependencias relacionales y factores asociados por su doble utilidad evaluativa y terapéutica.
Consejo Breve y Atención Plena para dejar de fumar: un estudio de caso
Authors: Almaraz Castruita Diana Aracely , Alonso Castillo María Magdalena
Published: August 2018

Se presenta un caso clínico de un hombre de 51 años con dependencia al tabaco con una media de 52 cigarros fumados diariamente. Objetivo terapéutico: abandono del uso de tabaco, mediante estrategias que reduzcan  el síndrome de abstinencia, el estrés y ansiedad. Método: Se aplicó un programa de 10 sesiones compuesto por Atención Plena y Consejería Breve. Para la redacción de este caso clínico se han seguido las normas de Buela-Casal y Sierra. Resultados: Al finalizar el tratamiento y durante el seguimiento el paciente se mantuvo abstinente, comprobado mediante un marcador biológico de cotinina en orina, así como una clara mejoría en los síntomas de ansiedad y estrés.
Consumo de drogas asociadas al contagio de infecciones de trasmisión sexual en jóvenes de México
Authors: Palacios Jorge , Álvarez Mónica
Published: August 2018

Las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual son el problema de salud pública más prevalente en la población mundial y se estima que el 75% de la población en edad fértil será infectada en algún momento de su vida; aunque se ha establecido que la mayor prevalencia se encuentra en adolescentes y jóvenes entre 15 y 25 años. El objetivo de la esta investigación fue identificar los factores de riesgo conductuales que influyen en el contagio de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1012 jóvenes de la Ciudad de México de los cuales 531 eran hombres y 481 eran mujeres, entre 14 y 22 años. La conducta sexual de riesgo se midió considerando la edad de inicio sexual, la frecuencia de relaciones sexuales, el tipo de relaciones sexuales (vaginal, oral o anal), el número de parejas sexuales en toda la vida, el uso del condón en sus relaciones sexuales y el número de ITS. Para medir o evaluar el consumo de drogas se preguntó el consumo de alcohol, tabaco, marihuana, cocaína y anfetaminas alguna vez en la vida. Los resultados muestran mayor frecuencia de relaciones sexuales, falta de uso del condón, el número de parejas sexuales con el consumo de marihuana. El consumo de marihuana aumenta el riesgo de presentar una ITS en comparación de aquellos jóvenes que no consumen.
Structure-Based Docking Studies of GLUT4 Towards Exploring Selected Phytochemicals from Solanum xanthocarpum as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Oyinloye Babatunji Emmanuel , Adekiya Tayo Alex , Aruleba Raphael Taiwo , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan
Published: August 2018

Background:

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the global burden of cancer which has been associated with several factors including environmental influence, aging, diet, infectious agents, hormonal imbalance and chronic inflammation, among others. Cancerous cells utilize more glucose for its proliferation and survival than normal cells. Thus, the regulation of glucose consumption of cancerous cells through the inhibition of glucose transporter-4-protein (GLUT4) encoded by solute carrier family-2-member-4-gene (Slc2a4) by selected phytochemicals from Solanum xanthocarpum may serve as a new therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cancer.

Methods:

The seven identified potential inhibitors of GLUT4 from Solanum xanthocarpum were retrieved from PubChem database. Examination of their drug-likeness, toxicity prediction and molecular docking studies of these compounds with GLUT4 were carried out using online tools such as Molinspiration, PreADMET V.2.0 and Patchdock server.

Results:

The findings revealed that, five out of the seven compounds fulfil oral drugability of Lipinski’s rule of five (RO5) while two slightly meet the criteria of RO5. Conversely, five of the compounds are predicted to be mutagen while the remaining two are predicted to be safe for the body. Additionally, stigmasterol glucoside has higher binding-affinity (7590) with GLUT4 when compared to doxorubicin (6600) the control.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that stigmasterol glucoside from Solanum xanthocarpum could be a promising therapeutic agent with better therapeutic efficacy than doxorubicin in the treatment of cancer via the inhibition of GLUT4.
A Review on Influence of Spray Drying Process Parameters on the Production of Medicinal Plant Powders
Authors: Gallo Loreana , Bucalá Verónica
Published: August 2018

Medicinal plants are used by 80% of the world population as primary health care and the
phytomedicine market is growing exponentially. Currently, the production of phytopharmaceuticals
with proper efficacy, safety and consistent quality constitutes a relevant challenge. The dried dosage
forms of medicinal plants are preferred than liquid presentations because of their higher stability.
The spray drying technology is the most employed process to produce dried extracts from medicinal
plant liquid extracts. These powders need to meet certain physicochemical (e.g., moisture
content, hygroscopicity, particle size, density, the concentration of active ingredients) and mechanical
(e.g., flowability and compressibility) properties to be used in a solid pharmaceutical form. In
addition, high process yields and good powder quality can be obtained by selecting suitable process
parameters: spray drying operating conditions and type/concentration of carriers (drying coadjuvants).
The optimal process parameters are strongly affected by the chemical nature of the medicinal
plant extract. This review aims to give a general guide to understand the effect of the process
parameters on the product properties and process yield. This guideline could help practitioners
and researchers to initially select the levels of the process variables to decrease the time and cost of
the development stage of medicinal plants powders.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiourea Derivatives as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
Authors: Ravichandran Veerasamy , Shalini Sivadasan , Kumar Krishnan Suresh , Rajak Harish , Agrawal Ram Kishore
Published: August 2018

Background:

The development of drug-resistant by bacteria appears rapidly and thus making
the effectiveness of antibiotics severely limited.

Methods:

A series of thiourea derivatives was synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro
antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities.

Results:

Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental and spectral
analysis. The biological results showed that some of the target compounds displayed comparable antimicrobial
and antiviral activities with reference drugs. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that
the ortho- chloro or fluoro substituted phenyl at Ar1 and substituted pyridinyl at Ar2 positions of the
thiourea nucleus are essential for their in vitro antimicrobial and anti-HIV activity. In particular, compounds
8 and 10 showed better activity against the tested bacteria, fungi and viral strains than other
synthesized PET derivatives reported in the present study.

Conclusion:

These results provide an encouraging lead that could be used for the development of new
potent antiviral and antimicrobial agents
Parental Burden and its Correlates in Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multicentre Study with Two Comparison Groups
Authors: Picardi Angelo , Gigantesco Antonella , Tarolla Emanuele , Stoppioni Vera , Cerbo Renato , Cremonte Maurizio , Alessandri Guido , Lega Ilaria , Nardocci Franco
Published: August 2018

Background:

The effects of having a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on parents are multifaceted and pervasive. While ample evidence has been provided that these families are under severe stress, there are still several knowledge gaps and unresolved questions.

Objective:

This study aimed at quantifying the subjective and objective burden of ASD in mothers and fathers, and at improving the understanding of the interplay between parental burden, child’s characteristics, and parents’ coping resources and strategies.

Methods:

The parents of 359 children/adolescents with ASD were compared to parents of age-matched patients with Down syndrome (N=145) and Type 1 diabetes mellitus (N=155). Child’s clinical characteristics and parents’ caregiving burden, psychological distress, coping resources and strategies were assessed.

Results:

The parents of children with ASD reported higher objective and subjective burden, more frequent psychological distress, lower social support. Mothers reported greater subjective burden than fathers. Structural equation modeling showed that the most consistent positive and negative predictors of objective and subjective burden were ASD symptom severity and social support, respectively. Other positive predictors were engagement, distraction and disengagement coping, intellectual disability, and adaptive functioning. Other negative predictors were spiritual wellbeing and hardiness. Some effects were indirect through social support and coping strategies.

Conclusion:

This study confirmed that parents of children with ASD carry a huge caregiving burden, and added to our understanding of the factors associated with burden. The findings may help inform the design of effective interventions aimed at reducing burden among the parents of children with ASD.
Evaluation of A Novel GLP-1R Ligand for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yue Yuanyuan , Xu Yuping , Huang Lirong , Pan Donghui , Bai Zhicheng , Wang Lizhen , Yang Runlin , Yan Junjie , Song Huizhu , Li Xiaotian , Yang Min
Published: August 2018

Background:

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an important biomarker for diagnosis and therapy of the endocrine cancers due to overexpression. Recently, in human prostate cancer cell lines the receptor was also observed, therefore it may be a potential target for the disease. 18F-Al-NOTA-MAL-Cys39- exendin-4 holds great promise for GLP-1R. Therefore, the feasibility of the 18F-labeled exendin-4 analog for prostate cancer imaging was investigated.

Methods:

New probe 18F-Al-NOTA-MAL-Cys39-exendin-4 was made through one-step fluorination. Prostate cancer PC3 cell xenograft model mice were established to primarily evaluate the imaging properties of the tracer via small animal PET studies in vivo. Pathological studies and Western Blots were also performed.

Results:

PC-3 prostate xenografts were clearly imaged under baseline conditions. At 30 and 60 min postinjection, the tumor uptakes were 2.90±0.41%ID/g and 2.26±0.32 %ID/g respectively. The presence of cys39-exendin-4 significantly reduced the tumor uptake to 0.82±0.10 %ID/g at 60 min p.i. Findings of ex vivo biodistribution studies were similar to those of in vivo PET imaging. The tumors to blood and muscles were significantly improved with the increase of time due to rapid clearance of the tracer from normal organs. Low levels of radioactivity were also detected in the GLP-1R positive tumor and normal organs after coinjection with excessive unlabeled peptides. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blots results confirmed that GLP-1R was widely expressed in PC-3 prostate cancers.

Conclusion:

18F-Al labeled exendin-4 analog might be a promising tracer for in vivo detecting GLP-1R positive prostate cancer with the advantage of facile synthesis and favorable pharmacokinetics. It may be useful in differential diagnosis, molecularly targeted therapy and prognosis of the cancers.
Mexico Evidence on the Regional Retail Impacts of Violent Crime
Authors: Fullerton, Jr. Thomas M. , Walke Adam G.
Published: August 2018

Prior research reports mixed results regarding the economic impacts of crime. This study employs data from all regions of Mexico, including border regions in both the north and the south, to examine the effects of homicides on retail activity across Mexico during a period of escalating violence. The results indicate that one additional homicide within a municipality eliminates one retail establishment and one paid job in the retail sector. Furthermore, the negative consequences of violent crime for retailers are augmented by proximity to an international border. This is consistent with previous research findings that cross-border shopping is a key feature of commerce along the international boundaries of Mexico. It suggests that crime waves may disproportionately impact border city retail activity by partially diverting customer traffic to stores located in neighboring countries. This result is also consistent with the finding of recent research that violent conflict in northern Mexico resulted in increased retail activity in some United States border cities.
STUDY OF ELECTROLYTES AND LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IN CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: Gill Gurpreet Kaur , Kataria Juhi , Singh Amandeep , Thakur Lalit , Kaur Daljit
Published: August 2018

Objective: Alcohol abuse is considered one of the major health issue in India, which can impair the electrolyte balance in chronic patient of alcoholism. In the present study, investigation has been conducted to estimate the levels of calcium, magnesium, SGOT, SGPT, total protein and urea in the chronic alcoholic patients and their comparison was determined with normal healthy controls.Methods: A total of 50 male alcoholics consuming variable amount of alcohol from more than past 5 years in the age frame of 30–70 years were taken. Equal number of age-matched normal healthy individuals without the family history of any disease served as controls. Levels of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and other biochemicals, namely urea and total protein, transaminases, namely serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvic transaminase were estimated colorimetrically in all the subjects consuming variable amount of alcohol.Results: Alcoholics were found to have lower magnesium, calcium, and total protein levels as compared to non-alcoholics, whereas transaminases were higher in alcoholics, predicting hepatocytes injury. Catalytic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase produced highly reactive acetaldehyde forming adducts with membrane proteins, leading to organ damage. Alcohol disturbed the electrolytes balance produced hypomagnesia and hypocalcemia and severely affected liver function tests.Conclusion: Magnesium levels and other related parameters could be considered as diagnostic predictors of alcohol-related toxicity. Age advances the alcohol-related health consequences, and this could be due to the cumulative effect of reduced intestinal absorption, dietary deficiencies, and alcohol toxicity.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL FROM LEAVES OF AJUGA PARVIFLORA BENTH
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Javed Mohammad S , Kumar Pawan , Kumar Rishendra
Published: August 2018

Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the phytogenic chemical compounds and assess their antibacterial and antioxidant activity of essential oil of Ajuga parviflora Benth. growing in the Himalayan region. Methods: In the present study, the phytochemical constituents of essential oil were isolated by steam distillation and screened by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis from A. parviflora is rich in oxygenated monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The essential oil was further evaluated for their antibacterial by well-diffusion method and antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay at various concentrations. Results: The major chemical constituents were α-cadinol (21.36%), α-muurolol (14.2%), cubebol (12.76%), germacrene D-4-ol (9.6%), germacrene D (4.32%), farnesyl acetate (3.58%), longifolol acetate (2.76%), and β-bourbonene (2.35 %) whereas monoterpenoids were minor constituents. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) shown by essential oil against test bacterial strains at concentration of 500 μg/ml to Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.6 mm), Escherichia coli (5 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (8.6 mm), and Proteus vulgaris (10.7 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (8.3 mm). At the same time, ZOI of standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against test bacterial strains was P. aeruginosa (9.6 mm), E. coli (14.3mm), S. typhimurium (19.3 mm), P. vulgaris (17.8 mm), and B. subtilis (20.6 mm), respectively. The free radical scavenging property of A. parviflora employed by in vitro assay methods like scavenging activity of DPPH was 81% at 500 μg/ml concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed that α-cadinol, α-muurolol, and cubebol as the major components in this oil which was absent in previous findings of A. parviflora and essential oil had potent antibacterial and antioxidant activity, respectively.
CYTOTOXICITY OF METABOLITES PRODUCED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGUS CLADOSPORIUM SP. ISOLATED FROM MARINE MACROALGAE ON IN­VITRO MCF­7, HELA, AND DU-145 CELL LINES
Authors: Wulandari Asri Peni , Examinati R. R. Indry Noviarin , . Madihah , Huspa Desi Harneti Putri , Andayaningsih Poniah , Andayaningsih Poniah
Published: August 2018

Objective: To investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of the crude ethyl acetate extract of Cladosporium sp. on MCF-7, HeLa, and DU-145 cell lines.Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by tetrazolium reduction assay. The percentage of cell inhibition was analyzed using probit analysis to obtain 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Morphological alteration of the cell lines after exposure with extract was observed under an inverted microscope.Results: The ethyl acetate extract of the metabolite performed an anticancer activity for cancer cell line MCF-7, HeLa, and DU-145 with IC50 respectively 8.46 μg/ml; 9.87 μg/ml; and 98.03 μg/ml. The extract shows greater the anticancer activity and has strong antiproliferative on MCF-7 and HeLa cell line than DU-145. Confirmation morphological were observed under the inverted microscope showed a morphological change in cancer cells when incubated with the extract.Conclusion: From the performed assay, the crude extract of Cladosporium sp. exhibit cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HeLA, and DU-145.
SYNTHESIS, EVALUATION AND DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL FORMAZAN DERIVATIVES AS AN ENOYL-ACP REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Thangavelu Prabha , Cellappa Selvinthanuja , Thangavel Sivakumar
Published: August 2018

Objective: To synthesize, evaluate and performing the docking studies of novel formazan derivatives as enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors.Materials: In the present investigation, a series of formazans (Ia-d) were synthesized by stirring aryl diazonium salts solution with Schiff's base at 0-5˚C for 2 h. The intermediate azomethine (Schiff base) itself was synthesized by condensation of para aminobenzoic acid with dimethylamino benzaldehyde in presence of a glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. The antimicrobial activity was done for these synthesized compounds by cup plate method. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity was further confirmed by its molecular docking approach study by using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) 2009.10 software.Results: In the present study all the synthesized compounds (Ia-Id) showed the enhanced zone of inhibition against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and S. typhi (5±0.12 to 12±0.45) whereas, the antifungal activity against A. niger and C. albicans were showed the zone of inhibition in the range of 9±0.51 to 12±0.43 when compared to that of the standard drug.Further the docking study reveals that, only three of the formazan compounds under observation (Ia, Ib and Ic) have higher binding affinity with the receptors enzymes enoyl-ACP reductase, which is in the narrow range of binding energy for the protein PDB: 1C14 is-24.4598 to-23.9377 kcal/mol, which shows the further confirmation of these formazan compounds as better microbial inhibitor.Conclusion: Therefore our present report shows that formazans could be the potential drug candidate that inhibits the microbial activity by interacting and inhibiting the enoyl-ACP reductase enzyme which is confirmed by its both in vitro antimicrobial study and as well as from its docking study.
ASSESSMENT OF KIDNEY FUNCTION, ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN HIV SEROPOSITIVE SUBJECTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN NNEWI
Authors: Onwubuya Emmanuel Ikechukwu , Ukibe Nkiruka Rose , Kalu Ofia Anya , Ukibe Solomon Nwabueze , Obasi Imo John
Published: August 2018

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is anticipated to result in an increase in long-term survival in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, but may present with the development of associated complications including kidney damage. The present study aimed at assessing the kidney function estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate and body mass index (BMI) of HIV seropositive subjects with or without HAART at Nnewi, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 90 subjects were recruited comprising of 30 HIV-seropositive on highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 30 HIV-seropositive drug naive, and 30 HIV-seronegative (control subjects). Anthropometric parameters of the subjects were assessed using a well-structured questionnaire. Five millilitres of blood sample was collected from the patients and used for the estimation of urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum total protein and cluster of differentiation (CD4) T-cell counts using diacetyl monoxime method, Jaffe-slot method, Caraway phosphotungstic acid method, refractometry and flow cytometric method respectively.Results: The result shows significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels in HIV seropositive drug-naive subjects and HIV seropositive subjects on HAART when compared with control (p<0.05). Similar observation were made with same parameters between HIV seropositive drug-naive subjects and HIV subjects on HAART (p<0.05). However, total protein and CD4 T-cells counts were significantly lower in HIV seropositive drug-naive subjects compared with HIV subjects on HAART and controls (p<0.05). Based on the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, 6 (20.0%) of HIV seropositive subjects on antiretroviral therapy had a mild renal impairment, while 2 (6.6%) had a moderate renal impairment. Based on the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation, 7 (23.3%) of HIV subjects on therapy had mild renal impairment while 2 (6.6%) had a moderate renal impairment. Among the HIV drug naïve subjects, 8(26.7%) had mild renal impairment based on both equations. However, there were no significant differences in BMI and eGFR between HIV seropositive subjects on therapy and HIV seropositive drug-naive subjects.Conclusion: The present study shows evidence of significant alterations in serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels with mild and moderate state of renal impairment in HIV infected subjects with or without therapy. The significantly lower CD4 count and serum total protein in HIV naive subjects compared with HIV on HAART and control indicates reduced cellular immunity. Routine kidney function test using longitudinal study and more sensitive predictors for renal damage are recommended to ascertain the clearer picture of renal disease burden among HIV subjects in this environment.
DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL DIMETHYL SULFATE IN METHOXSALEN DRUG SUBSTANCE BY PRE-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION WITH STATIC HEADSPACE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Anerao Ajit , Patil Bhushan , Pradhan Nitin
Published: August 2018

Objective: Dimethyl sulfate has been highlighted as potential genotoxic and carcinogenic impurity. A sensitive Headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) method with pre-column derivatization was developed and validated for the determination of dimethyl sulfate impurity in methoxsalen active pharmaceutical ingredient.Methods: HS-GC method on the column Agilent DB-5, 30m X 0.53 mm, film thickness 1.5 µm, with flame ionization detector (FID) was used. Derivatization reagent concentration, time of reaction and pH of the solution were optimized during method development. This analytical method was evaluated by performing method validation as per ICH guideline.Results: The proposed method was specific, linear, accurate, rugged and precise. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.5 μg/ml to 3.0 μg/ml and the correlation coefficient was 0.999. Method had very low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) 2.0 μg/g and 5.0 μg/g respectively. Accuracy was observed within 98.1%–104.5%.Conclusion: The developed method was demonstrated to be accurate, robust and sensitive for the determination of dimethyl sulfate impurity in methoxsalen drug substance.
Avances, estancamiento y limitaciones de la política de saneamiento en México 1998-2014
Authors: Maya Rodríguez Jesús Miguel , Pineda Pablos Nicolás
Published: August 2018

El artículo revisa las leyes, normas, planes y programas de saneamiento en México para contrastarlos con los resultados obtenidos hasta 2014. Se observa que, a pesar de que se han propuesto objetivos de cobertura total y de que se han logrado importantes avances, la meta de cobertura total aún está lejos de alcanzarse. Si bien se ha avanzado en la construcción de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, aproximadamente la quinta parte de las plantas construidas no está en operación; lo que se interpreta como una falta de financiamiento para la operación. Se propone que el saneamiento debe vincularse con la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos y orientarse a la construcción de ciudades sostenibles con la responsabilidad conjunta de las tres esferas de gobierno.
Una mirada al logro educativo mexicano en lenguaje, matemáticas y ciencias
Authors: Rodriguez-Pichardo Catalina María , González Medina Mario Alberto
Published: August 2018

El objetivo de esta contribución es determinar la asociación entre los factores personales, contextuales y tecnológicos con el logro educativo en estudiantes de Educación Media Superior en México. El estudio fue no experimental, descriptivo y correlacional con una muestra de 7,568 estudiantes que presentaron la prueba PISA 2015, en los 32 estados de la República Mexicana. Se construyó un modelo teórico a través de ecuaciones estructurales, considerando los enfoques humanista y sistémico. Los resultados muestran que existen asociaciones positivas del logro educativo con los factores: el uso tecnológico, ambiente escolar, autosuperación, dedicación escolar, profesor constructor, apoyos de padres/madres, y aprendizaje colaborativo; así como asociaciones negativas con: el ausentismo, disregulación emocional y profesor dominante. El modelo empírico construido muestra otras asociaciones: profesor constructor y mejor ambiente escolar; profesor limitador y ausentismo; disregulación emocional y falta de autosuperación. En conclusión, se propone la integración tecnológica, la transformación docente, la sinergia formativa y la activación de centros psicopedagógicos.
Capacidades organizacionales y ventaja competitiva: análisis en empresas mexicanas exportadoras de autopartes
Authors: Maynez-Guaderrama Aurora Irma , Valles-Monge Leticia , Hernández-Gómez Jesús Andrés
Published: August 2018

En el contexto de empresas autopartistas de exportación mexicanas, el objetivo de trabajo fue analizar la influencia de las capacidades de absorción, innovación y agilidad, sobre la ventaja competitiva de empresas socias de la cadena de suministros. El método de investigación fue cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional-causal, no probabilístico, y no experimental. De acuerdo a los resultados, existen relaciones virtuosas entre las capacidades estudiadas y la ventaja competitiva. Ya que son pocos los trabajos que indagan en la cadena de suministros desde la perspectiva de capacidades, y es escasa la investigación sobre los vínculos de éstas con la ventaja competitiva, los hallazgos aportan evidencia empírica que abona en beneficio de la construcción de conocimiento. Entre las limitaciones se encuentra el tipo de muestra y el sector estudiado, por lo que se recomienda replicarlo con un diseño de investigación probabilístico, y estudiar las relaciones propuestas en otros sectores y contextos.
ISLAMIC BANK AND SHARIA BUSINESS UNIT IN INDONESIA: A COMPARISON ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE PRATICES
Authors: Ulum Ihyaul , Amdini Ismi’ Nor , Setyawan Setu , Mohamed Nafsiah
Published: August 2018

This study aims to compare the intellectual capital disclosures (ICD) in annual reports between Islamic Banks and Sharia Business Unit in 2015. Intellectual capital (ICD) is divided into three main components namely; Human capital, Structural capital and relational capital.  The components used in this study is the ICD-In framework written by Ulum (2015) which consists of 36 items of intellectual capital. This study uses purposive sampling to determine the sample of Islamic bank and Sharia business units registered in Bank Indonesia in 2015, with a sample of 34 banks. The results indicate that there was a difference practices on intellectual capital disclosures of Islamic banks and Sharia business unit. Islamic banks disclosed on IC higher than Sharia business unit.
PENGARUH VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE TERHADAP EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT
Authors: Setyabudi Teguh Gunawan
Published: August 2018

This study aims to examine and obtain empirical evidence on the effects of voluntary disclosure of earnings response coefficient. Research conducted at the manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The results showed that the voluntary disclosure significant effect on earnings response coefficient. From the results of the regression analysis, it can be said that the greater voluntary disclosure, the lower the market response on earnings announcements. It is possible that the information voluntarily disclosed by the company are not sufficiently represent the expected future profits of investors, so that the shareholders would prefer to use the information in real income in the financial statements alone. Shareholders are not quite sure use voluntary information in making investment decisions that are not directly responding on the market. Variable quality auditor shown to have a significant effect on earnings response coefficient. Meanwhile, the variable leverage proven no effect on earnings response coefficient.
PENGARUH MASA PERIKATAN AUDIT, ROTASI AUDIT DAN UKURAN KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Paputungan Rahmita Dwinesia , Kaluge David
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study is to examine empirically the affect of audit tenure, audit rotation and public accounting firm size towards audit quality. Audit quality is proxied by using a going concern opinion which is an auditor’s opinion that explain a going concern of their client’s entity in where they do the audit. This study use purposive sampling to determine samples from manufacturing firms listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the year 2010–2016, focus study from 2011-2016, with total observations 105 samples from 143 populations. Data analysis techniques that used is in the form of a logistic regression analysis. The result of this study shows that audit tenure and audit rotation has no significant affect towards audit quality meanwhile public accounting firm size significantly affect the audit quality with negative direction.
Protestantismo na fronteira operária brasileira: a solidariedade fiel na relação com o operariado brasileiro - 1963
Authors: Bousfield André Augusto
Published: August 2018

Este artigo visa apresentar um missionário estadunidense que trabalhara na década de 1940 nos EUA com operários mineiros de carvão mineral, bem como com suas famílias. Esse missionário, Richard Charles Smith, também trabalhou nesse mesmo perfil no Brasil no início da década de 1960. Embora membro da PCUSA, no Brasil trabalhara junto com a Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (IPB) na região carbonífera de Santa Catarina (1960-1963) e posteriormente por um ano e meio na cidade de São Paulo. Defendemos a tese de que a teologia de Richard C. Smith, intitulada Solidariedade Fiel, é filha direta do Evangelho Social estadunidense, e que ao se deparar com a realidade brasileira, percebeu um problema já percebido em outros contextos de industrialização do mundo: um distanciamento e uma desconfiança dos protestantismos históricos em relação ao operário comum, suas famílias e seus dilemas. No Brasil, Smith bradou esses alertas no principal veículo de comunicação da IPB: o jornal Brasil Presbiteriano. O título do artigo: A Igreja na fronteira operária, e um dos subtemas ligados ao contexto brasileiro especificamente: Províncias abandonadas do protestantismo. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma análise desses alertas de Richard C. Smith à IPB e ao mundo protestante brasileiro, sobretudo em relação ao seu distanciamento da classe trabalhadora, e a percepção consciente dessa classe diante desse abandono.
Um diálogo possível entre teologia e sociedade: assistência espiritual nos cuidados em final de vida
Authors: Chemin Marcia Regina Chizini , Souza Waldir
Published: August 2018

Desafios se apresentam à Teologia na esteira do desenvolvimento tecnológico, em especial, devido às consequências que levam o ser humano mesmo gravemente doente a viver por mais tempo. A longevidade em si, também aumentada pelos efeitos do desenvolvimento das ciências médicas, traz à cena cotidiana cada vez mais idosos com doenças crônico-degenerativas. Todos, a seu modo, apresentarão quadro de doença crônica, que se estenderá por anos, e, muito provavelmente, ao entrarem em fase final de doença, serão pacientes elegíveis aos Cuidados Paliativos. A morte não se dará em um instante inesperado, ao contrário, será esperada e prevista. A vida que se alonga apresenta uma nova realidade: experiências humanas que não existiam no passado. Assim, uma nova reflexão teológica surge provocada pela realidade experimentada. A questão está posta à Teologia, pois implica o ser humano, sua espiritualidade e sua busca por sentido de viver. O cuidado humanizado e integral que respeite o protagonismo do paciente é preocupação da Bioética no auxílio à prática do cuidado médico. A partir de breve revisão bibliográfi ca, observou-se que há confusão entre conceitos determinantes como religião e espiritualidade, e que há necessidade de formar assistentes espirituais para atuarem no cuidado aos enfermos como facilitadores de tratamento.
PIBID de Ensino Religioso: uma proposta de educação para relações de equidade em contextos de diversidade religiosa
Authors: Rodrigues Elisa , De Oliveira Tania Alice
Published: August 2018

O artigo apresenta o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) como política pública de formação de docentes, que na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) promoveu o subprojeto Ensino Religioso, proposto pelo Departamento de Ciência da Religião responsável pela licenciatura em Ensino Religioso. Esse subprojeto (2014-2018) aborda o tema religião na escola pública e contribui para a formação de futuros docentes. Além disso, colabora para uma discussão sobre as diferentes tradições religiosas brasileiras em perspectiva compreensiva. A partir da concepção de que as tradições religiosas enquanto área cognoscível também contribuem para explicar a realidade, o PIBID intenciona oferecer novas fontes de conhecimento fundamentadas pelo respeito à laicidade da escola pública.
Transdisciplinaridade, o campo das Ciências da Religião e sua aplicação ao Ensino Religioso
Authors: Aragão Gilbraz , Souza Mailson
Published: August 2018

O Ensino Religioso pode desempenhar um papel importante na construção de culturas pluralistas e sociedades democráticas, desde que aprofunde seus fundamentos e desenvolva metodologias apropriadas. Procurando colaborar nesse sentido, o presente ensaio demonstra que uma postura transdisciplinar ajuda a criar conteúdo dialógico no campo das Ciências da Religião e a traduzir pedagogicamente, em processos de aprendizagem libertários, tais conhecimentos religiosos para o Ensino Religioso laico, plural e republicano. A área de conhecimento das Ciências da Religião surgiu para interpretar as experiências de sagrado, de forma aberta à complementariedade das disciplinas científicas e alicerçada sobre uma epistemologia das controvérsias. Em uma linha de desenvolvimento da metodologia interdisciplinar, a transdisciplinaridade pode desenvolver esses fundamentos científico-culturais, construindo conhecimentos através e além das ciências, engendrando uma atitude transcultural e transreligiosa em nossos estudos de religião, que é muito apropriada para sua aplicação ao Ensino Religioso
Breeding value bulls in conjunction with various physiological factors
Authors: Shergaziev U A , Kubatbekov T S
Published: August 2018

The article discusses the role and particular importance to highly productive cows in the breeding of dairy cattle. Currently, one of the priorities of the agricultural sector is the creation of highly productive dairy herd, since it is by far a priority, and it is the country’s food security. We have studied the question of variability genotype bulls under the influence of the physiological state of the mothers, in particular the impact of the intensity and duration of maternal lactation dairy cows in the tribal days Quality sons. The physiological condition of cows is characterized by the level of activity of lactation, and reproductive functions, ie fertility, duration of service period and the number of milking days. As is known, there is a very close link between these functions. Cow fertility depends primarily on coherence of physiological functions. The beginning of all this is a normal metabolism in the body, which is of utmost importance for selection vysokomolochnyh cows. Metabolic disorders in the body vysokomolochnyh cows (ketosis), caused by an unbalanced feeding, shortage of certain nutrients and elements, as well as excessive razdaivaniem with a high proportion of concentrated feed leads to the breakdown of the body’s physiological functions, especially the reproductive organs. In this regard, we consider these factors creates unfavorable conditions for the normal maturation of the egg, the birth and fetal growth retardation. Therefore, when selecting herd replacements necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment, including whether the physiological state of the mother during the birth of offspring.