bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Métodos numéricos aplicados al conteo de operaciones para el cálculo del Costo computacional en Python
Authors: Guanga Chunata Deysi Margoth , Sarmiento Torres Luis Enrique , Inca Chunata Marianela de Jesús
Published: September 2019

En este artículo se aborda de manera general la calidad de un método numérico a través del conteo de operaciones para determinar el almacenamiento, cantidad de tiempo (número de operaciones), el efecto por error de redondeo de los códigos de programación en lenguaje Python sobre un microcontrolador como un mecanismo que permite inferir sobre el manejo de grandes cantidades de datos en una versión comparativa de calidad con el lenguaje de programación c++. La relevancia de la matemática aplicada en la evolución de las diferentes herramientas tecnológicas al servicio de la humanidad. El lenguaje de programación está construido sobre un número finito de líneas de código que permiten a los sistemas controlados ejecutar operaciones. El costo computacional ha sido calculado por la calidad del algoritmo de programación ejemplificando el método de eliminación de Gauss para correr tareas sin utilizar interrupciones.
Implementación de un Dron Anticolisiones Capaz de Seguir una Trayectoria Preestablecida para la Elaboración de un Mapa de la Tasa de Ocupación Vegetal en una Zona
Authors: Santacruz Sulca Fabricio Javier , Cabrera Aguayo Fausto Ramiro , Olmedo Carrillo Wilson Jhonatan , Tacuri Auquilla Jhonny Paul
Published: September 2019

Se implemento un sistema de vuelo no tripulado, el cual es capaz de detectar obstáculos y evitar colisiones. El drone es capaz de tomar imágenes para su posterior procesamiento con lo cual se logra obtener el porcentaje y tamaño de ocupación vegetal en las parcelas, mostradas gráficamente en una GUI en el programa de Matlab
Innovative Biomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Florea Denisa- Alexandra , Andronescu Ecaterina , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai
Published: September 2019

Currently, the transplant crisis is one of the main concerns in the healthcare systems all over the world, the lack of donors and the persons which are on the waiting list for a transplant being higher from year to year. The diseases at the bone tissue level are affecting about 75M in USA, Europe and Japan, the need of treatments in this
field becoming clear. During the last decades, the USA spent more than 20 billion dollars on treatments for bone trauma and more than 300.000 spinal fusions were conducted only in 2005. Moreover, the International Osteoporosis Foundation stated that the number of hip fractures may increase by four by 2050. Therefore, considering the data reported for the last decades and the predictions made for the near future, there are two main directions which must be considered: the drawbacks of the current treatments and the economic impact of the available options. In this regards, Tissue Engineering is relatively new field in the regenerative medicine area, which aims to develop cost-effective alternatives for different diseases/trauma in order to restore the function of a tissue and to undertake the transplant crisis.
Tailored Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: David Mădălina Elena , Grumezescu Alexandru Mihai
Published: September 2019

In recent years, nanomedicine focused on the development of functional AuNPs for biomedical imaging, attributed to the intriguing optical properties of these nanoparticles, which are discussed in this review. Moreover, are presented the most important in vivo diagnostic techniques which have benefited from the development of engineered AuNPs, such as computed tomography and photothermal/photoacoustic imaging. Another important advantage related to these nanoparticles refers to their excellent performance in recent in vivo studies and clinical trials. Also, side effects of conventional drugs have been minimized by conjugation of AuNPs.
Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP) Annual Report 2017
Authors: Coombs Geoffrey W , Daley Denise A , Lee Yung Thin , Pang Stanley ,   Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance
Published: September 2019

From 1 January to 31 December 2017, 36 institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP). The aim of ASSOP 2017 was to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that are antimicrobial resistant, with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the methicillin-resistant isolates. A total of 2,515 S. aureus bacteraemia episodes were reported, of which 77% were community-onset. Approximately one in five S. aureus (19.0%) were methicillin resistant. The 30-day all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-resistant SAB was 18.7% which was significantly higher than the 14.0% mortality associated with methicillin-susceptible SAB. With the exception of the β-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was rare. However in addition to the β-lactams approximately 42% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and approximately 14% resistant to co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin. When applying the EUCAST breakpoints teicoplanin resistance was detected in five S. aureus isolates. Resistance was not detected for vancomycin and linezolid. Resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials was largely attributable to two healthcare-associated MRSA clones: ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) is the predominant healthcare-associated clone in Australia. Seventy-five percent of methicillin-resistant SAB were due to community-associated clones. Although polyclonal approximately 74% of community-associated clones were characterised as ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland CA-MRSA), ST5-IV [2B], ST45-VT [5C2&5] and ST1-IV [2B]. CA-MRSA, in particular the ST45-VT [5C2&5] clone has acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and tetracycline. ST45-VT [5C2&5] accounted for 12.8% of CA-MRSA. As CA-MRSA is well established in the Australian community it is important antimicrobial resistance patterns in community- and healthcare-associated SAB is monitored as this information will guide therapeutic practices in treating S. aureus sepsis.
Annual Immunisation Coverage Report 2016
Authors: Hull Brynley , Hendry Alexandra , Dey Aditi , Beard Frank , Brotherton Julia , McIntyre Peter
Published: September 2019

This tenth annual immunisation coverage report shows data for the calendar year 2016 derived from the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) and the National Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Program Register. After a decade of being largely stable at around 90%, ‘fully immunised’ coverage at the 12-month assessment age increased in 2016 to reach 93.7% for the age assessment quarterly data point in December 2016, similar to the 93.4% for the age assessment quarterly data point in December 2016 for 60 months of age. Implementation of the ‘No Jab No Pay’ policy may have contributed to these increases. While ‘fully immunised’ coverage at the 24-month age assessment milestone decreased marginally from 90.8%, in December 2015, to 89.6% for the age assessment quarterly data point in December 2016, this was likely due to the assessment algorithm being amended in December 2016 to include four doses of DTPa vaccine instead of three, following reintroduction of the 18-month booster dose. Among Indigenous children, the gap in coverage assessed at 12 months of age decreased fourfold, from 6.7 percentage points in March 2013 to only 1.7 percentage points lower than non-Indigenous children in December 2016. Since late 2012, ‘fully immunised’ coverage among Indigenous children at 60 months of age has been higher than for non-Indigenous children. Vaccine coverage for the nationally funded seasonal influenza vaccine program for Indigenous children aged 6 months to <5 years, which commenced in 2015, remained suboptimal nationally in 2016 at 11.6%. Changes in MMR coverage in adolescents were evaluated for the first time. Of the 411,157 ten- to nineteen-year-olds who were not recorded as receiving a second dose of MMR vaccine by 31 December 2015, 43,103 (10.5%) of them had received it by the end of 2016. Many of these catch-up doses are likely to have been administered as a result of the introduction on 1 January 2016 of the Australian Government’s ‘No Jab No Pay’ policy. In 2016, 78.6% of girls aged 15 years had three documented doses of HPV vaccine (jurisdictional range 67.8–82.9%), whereas 72.9% of boys (up from 67.1 % in 2015) had received three doses.
EXPERTISE OF DISABILITY IN ESSENTIAL TREMOR
Authors: Onopriyenko O.P.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of our research was to study the medical and social expertise, early diagnostics, examples of the formulation of a clinical diagnosis, as well as current issues on the prevention of disability, and the principles of rehabilitation in essential tremor. Keywords: essential tremor, classification, treatment, expertise of disability, prophylaxis, rehabilitation.
Implementasi Peraturan Tentang Merek Di Kelurahan Sambung Jawa Makassar
Authors: Handayani Dwi
Published: September 2019

Makassar community is divided into sub-district,  urban village, hamlet, and neighborhood unit with all its issues. One of the problems is in the Sambung Jawa, Mamajang Sub-district where there is still lack of interest and awareness to understand the importance of knowledge about the rights and obligations of a trading business (legal entity). On the other hand, there are some people who have succeeded, but are more concerned with pursuing profits to meet their needs than caring about legal issues. The solution to these problems is providing legal assistance and socialization regarding the establishment of a business entity (formerly home industry) carried out in the communities of RW 6, 7, 8, and 9 who have business activities in clothing, crafts and food industry as UMK (Micro and Small Enterprises) entrepreneurs, procedures and terms of submission of brands, as well as providing information about brand rights.The aim of this activity is to increase legal awareness and provide legal protection by continuous (periodically) mentoring both during service and afterwards. The method that used are direct meeting with servants and local officials / community leaders and discussions with partners as well as with women's organizations which resulted in an agreement that counseling and assistance will be provided by the servant. The results of the implementation of community service provide a positive value for UMK entrepreneurs with very satisfying indicators of success. Public information about brand rights was received enthusiastically by the community and provided a great motivation to increase industrial business skills so that the turnover can increase even more.
PREDIKSI PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR DENGAN ALGORITMA NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Sukma Ardi Ramadhan
Published: September 2019

Intisari—Dalam dunia medis dan kesehatan sangat perlu untuk melakukan prediksi salah satu nya penyakit kardiovaskular pada pasien. Pada kesempatan kali ini digunakan berupa dataset di dalam penelitian sebanyak 220 record dan beberapa atribut. Prediksi dilakukan dengan menggunkan algoritma neural network. Lalu melakukan perhitungan menggunakan Rapidminer dari dataset penyakit kardiovaskular. Hasil dari perhitungan Rapidminer adalah akurasi 68.81% dengan nilai presese 65.85%, recall 79.41%, dan nilai AUC 0.745.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE WEB ENGINEERING DALAM MEMBANGUN SISTEM E-RESERVATION PEMESANAN KAMAR HOTEL
Authors: Yudiastuti Helda , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: September 2019

This research was conducted at Hotel Telaga Biru Pagaralam, aims to create a new system that can overcome the problems that occur in the Hotel, especially in terms of booking rooms. The current room booking system is still done manually, which is still recorded in the book when guests check in until check out, then it is given a receipt as proof of payment in advance to the guest according to the length of the guest staying. In addition to coming directly customers can book a room by contacting the hotel by phone. For this, researchers are doing the action of making a system engineering information-based hotel reservation with the system development strategy using the Web engineering method, the tools used in the design are Unified Modelling Language (UML), in the development of this application authors use the PHP and MySql programming language as the Database of room booking systems. This system generates a system that allows customers and hotel to make bookings.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE MULTI FACTOR EVALUATION PROCESS (MFEP) DALAM MEMBUAT KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MEMILIH ASURANSI KESEHATAN
Authors: Agustina Merry
Published: September 2019

The answer that arises when you get the question of the one most valuable thing in life is the family, because the family is home and home. Discussions about families with a lot of needs are one of them is the blindness of health insurance or medical insurance. Having health insurance for all family members is something that can not be ignored anymore even said to be absolute. Providing the best health insurance is one of the dear forms of computer cases for families. This reason also requires that we do not misselect a health insurance product. The research implements a multi-factor method of Evalation Process (MFEC) in the process of determining the best insurance product from 5 alternative companies asuransi based on 7 criteria/factor. Criteria/factors including complete Asuransi facility, extensive insurance provider, premium, cashless, existing short condition, insurance combination and insurance company's credibility. The results of the study received one of the best health insurance products based on calculation results using MFEP method with a value of 8
PENERAPAN METODE BERCERITA DENGAN BONEKA TANGAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK DONGENG SISWA KELAS II SD NEGERI 51 PEKANBARU
Authors: Nurjanah Wiwit
Published: September 2019

The background of this research is students who find it difficult to listen to learning. This study aims to determine the differences and increase in students' listening skills using the storytelling method with hand puppets. This research was conducted in class II of SD Negeri 51 Pekanbaru. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were differences in the skills of listening to fairy tales between the experimental class and the control class. In the final test of the experimental class and the control class obtained = 5.7697 ≥  = 1.666, so there are significant differences. Increased skills in listening to fairy tales also occurred in the experimental class from an average of 74, 44 to 86, 94 in the final test and a gain of 0.38 which included in the medium category. So, there is a difference and an increase in the skill of listening to fairy tales grade II students of SD Negeri 51 Pekanbaru using the method of telling stories with hand puppets.
MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU MEMBUAT RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) MELALUI SUPERVISI BIMBINGAN PRIBADI DI SDN 91/IX RENGAS BANDUNG
Authors: Basri Muhammad
Published: September 2019

The urgency of research is there are still many teachers who find it difficult to develop, establish, to adjust, and then set up to make the Learning Implementation Plan, the right one and according to the characteristics of teaching materials, the nature of teaching materials and student development in general. The purpose of this study is to improve the professionalism of teachers to make lesson plans through supervision of personal guidance. This type of research is the School Action Research which consists of four main stages namely planning, action, observation, the research subjects consisted of 11 teachers from SDN 91 / IX Rengas Bandung, which consisted eight civil governent of teachers and three governent of teacher contract. The success criteria is a percentage of 85% in general and individually. The results showed that the total score of 39.09 in the first cycle increased significantly to 44.55 in the second cycle, the percentage of success of teachers 78.18% in the first cycle increased to 89.09% in the second cycle. The results obtained in the second cycle means that the achievement of teacher professionalism makes the implementation plan of learning by 85% in general or individually, therefore, it can be concluded that the supervision of personal guidance can improve the professionalism of teachers to make a Learning Implementation Plan at SDN 91 / IX Rengas Bandung
DEVELOPMENT STATE, KOREA’S EXPERIENCE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: FOCUS ON THE SAEMAUL UNDONG DEVELOPMENT IN 1970’S
Authors: Yangso Yi
Published: September 2019

This study explains how Korean government and their citizens overcame poverty and achieved a development feat within one generational period. It illustrates the emergence of Saemaul Undong Development in the developmental state of Korea, that by instilling a new ethos on the basic ideals of diligence, self-help and cooperation, Saemaul Undong inspired the Koreans with a ‘can-do’ spirit in achieving ‘prosperity through hard work’. The study covers four key themes such as: Korean experiences in the 1970s, discussion on Saemaul Undong, success factors of Saemaul Undong, and Saemaul Undong as a community development strategy for developing countries. Government-established incentive systems and capacity-building activities accelerated Saemaul Undong’s nationwide implementation. Some aspects of Saemaul Undong are also helpful with the right policies and strategies, based on individual, politics, social, economic and political contexts. Adoption of Saemaul Undong will produce successful results if developing countries carefully study their situation and devise a workable and practical solution of their own.

Keywords: saemaul undong; developmental state; community development; green revolution
VILLAGE RESOURCES BASED COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT
Authors: Sartika Ika
Published: September 2019

Community development program being implemented in some villages in Indonesia has been running long enough; even some villages have managed to put together a program to reduce poverty with the help of a facilitator appointed by the national program of empowerment community. The preparation program should involve the participation of the community, especially the poor, but in fact much more dominated by the facilitators with limited understanding of the whole village resources. Therefore, program that had been developed theoretically feasible, but in practice still requires a deeper study. This study will try to complement poverty reduction programs in West Cileunyi village based on community empowerment through village resources. To assess the resources of the village could be the basis of empowerment and community expectations about future conditions used qualitative analysis, whereas to determine the priority of community empowerment programs used quantitative analysis with the approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the excellent resources of village were identified, the community development program disaggregated by specific target group. The result were: assisting management, innovation, and entrepreneurship to the industry and business owners target group, preservation of the environment for the target group of farmers and farmer groups, motivation to work for the target group drop out of the labor force, an increase in the ability of the administration to the target group of village officials, and the importance of social capital for the general public target group. 

Keywords: community empowerment program, priorities, target groups, village resources
Bureaucratic Reform and The Challange of Good Governance Implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Labolo Muhadam , Indrayani Etin
Published: September 2019

Bureaucratic reformation is the fundamental structuring efforts are expected to havean impact on changing systems and structures. The system deals with the relationshipbetween the unsure or the element that influence each other and are associated to makea form totally. The change in one element can influence the other elements in the system.The structure relates with the order of who arrayed a regular basis and systematically.Structure changes is also included with the mechanism and procedure, human resources,facilities and infrastructure, organization and organization’s environment in terms of theachievement of the efficiency of government bureaucracy. These changes include allowingall of the aspects of the bureaucracy has sufficient capacity to carry out the duties and thebasic function. Bureaucratic failure in a term for service the public until now representpoor government both at central and local government level. The urgency of bureaucraticreform in Indonesia is driven by a number of important note. First, the increased apparatusexpenditure is caused by increased of apparatus recruitment without unmeasured control.Second, the ballooning cost of democracy (election) affected the floated of local governmentbudget have increased significantly. The magnitude of the election budget and the impact ongovernmental bureaucracy resulted not ready to close the budget deficit. More than thesebureaucracy has loyalty dilemma caused by dispersed of concentration in every election’sactivity. Third, increased of develop the bureaucratic organization without planning andanalysis of the measured trigger financing and recruitment of apparatus that not less. Asa result, the bureaucracy in most areas are overload, or even lack in outside of Java. Inother side, less of local incomes make dependence to central government, while the localgovernment expenditure is to far from efficiency, even tend to be less controlled due to thehigh cost of the organization. Fourth, extensive corrupt behavior in almost all public sectorbureaucracy encourages lose confidence as a public servant.Keywords: Bureaucratic Reformation, bureaucracy design, local government, GoodGovernance
REFORMASI BIROKRASI DALAM TRANSISI
Authors: Kartika Dwi Indah
Published: September 2019

This book is discusses the sustainability of bureaucracy reform through sustaining publicsector innovation. This issue appears since the turn of leadership from Mr. Susilo BambangYudoyono to Mr. Joko Widodo. The authors explain scrutiny analysis on the relationshipbetween bureaucracy reforms public sector innovation by concept, practical applicationby analyzing historical period of transition span of pilot practices experiences in centralgovernment or local authority so far.An attempt to learn from the experience of its own repertoire, although the government hasissued guidelines for keeping legal protection and innovation can be applied in the respectivegovernment agencies. Innovation is something that is important but maintaining thecontinuity of the practice of innovation is not an easy thing, especially when undertaken for adecade and a half since the 1998 reform movement in the middle of political transformation,stabilization of economic growth and the limitations of formal legal framework for theadministration in regulating the action of the apparatus until today.
Máscara facial de protracción para el tratamiento temprano de maloclusión Clase III
Authors: Argote - Quispe Denise Milagros , Awapara - Flores Shereen
Published: September 2019

La maloclusión Clase III se caracteriza por una deficiencia en el creci-miento de la maxila (retrognatismo maxilar) o un crecimiento inadecua-do de la mandíbula (prognatismo mandibular) o una combinación de ambos.

Las interrogantes más frecuentes respecto al tratamiento de la Clase III son; el momento adecuado en el cual se debe llevar a cabo y cual aparato es el más adecuado, ya que actualmente se cuenta con una diversidad de aparatos, sin embargo hay poca evidencia disponible respecto a la efectividad.

Evidencia moderada demuestra que el tratamiento temprano con más-cara facial resulta en mejoras sustanciales así como también se resalta que el momento del tratamiento temprano es crucial para un resultado exitoso.

El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es evaluar la efectividad de la máscara facial en el tratamiento temprano de la maloclusión de Clase III.
Salud gingival post rehabilitación con coronas de zirconia en dientes deciduos
Authors: Calle-Sánchez María José , Hinostroza-Izaguirre María Cristina , Mungi-Castañeda Sabina
Published: September 2019

En los últimos años, se han desarrollado alternativas estéticas a las coronas metálicas preformadas debido a la alta demanda por parte de los padres para proporcionarles a sus niños restauraciones que les brinden una apariencia natural a los dientes deciduos. El presente estudio describe los casos de 3 niños pre escolares cuyas piezas fueron rehabilitadas con coronas de zirconia. Se les realizó un seguimiento a corto plazo, donde se consideró la evaluación del índice gingival (IG), índice de placa (IP), adaptación marginal (AM) e IHOS, para la evaluación de la salud gingival e higiene oral. Se halló que las coronas de zirconia preformadas permitieron la recuperación y conservación de la salud de los tejidos gingivales de los niños evaluados.
Konsep Ideal Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pungutan Liar Berdasarkan Asas Peradilan
Authors: Tiranda Irianto , Puluhulawa Fenty , Jasin Johan
Published: September 2019

Ketentuan yang mengatur bahwa peradilan dilakukan dengan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan terdapat dalam Pasal 2 ayat (4) Undang-undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Sebagai suatu sistem, peradilan mempunyai mekanisme yang bergerak menuju ke arah pencapaian misi dari Hakikat keberadaan peradilan. Sistem peradilan menuntut adanya visi yang jelas agar aktivitas atau pelaksanaan peran peradilan berproses secara efektif dan efisien. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa Asas Peradilan Cepat, Sederhana dan Biaya Ringan dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pungutan Liar belum terlaksana dikarenakan Proses Peradilan yang cukup lama, Biaya Penyidikan dan Pengacara yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan Nilai Uang dalam Tindak Pidananya sangat kecil. Selanjutmya Konsep Ideal dalam penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Pungutan Liar yakni Proses Pemeriksaan peradilan Penanganannya berdasarkan KUHAPidana sangat tepat menggunakan Acara Pemeriksaan Singkat sesuai Pasal 203 KUHAP.
Strawberry Extract as a Tooth Stain Remover
Authors: Yulita Ita , Karmawati Ita Astit , Budiarti Rahaju
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of strawberry extract with100%, 75%, 50% and 25% concentration in cleaning the extrinsic stain on the teeth. The sample of the study was 32 permanent anterior teeth that were already extracted, consisting of each 16 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and all samples have an extrinsic stain. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group consisting of 8 teeth was treated by applying the strawberry extract with the concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25%. After 5 minutes, the teeth were rinsed and dried. The study was conducted in vitro for five consecutive days with twice treatment daily. Intensity Score and Extension Score of the stain were measured using the Lobene Stain Index. All samples experienced a decrease in both the Intensity and Extension Scores, the largest decrease in Intensity and Extension Score were obtained from strawberry extracts with concentration of 100%. The significant decrease in the Intensity Score occurs on the third day and continues until the fourth and fifth days, while the significant decrease in the Extention Score occurs on the fourth day and continues until the fifth day. The four group of the strawberry extract concentrations gave a decrease in the score, which distinguishes the treatment frequency. The higher the concentration, the frequency would be less in lowering stain score, whereas at low concentration the decrease of score require more frequency.

Keywords: Extrinsic stain, Strawberry extract
A Novel Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor for Soil Moisture Estimation over Large Areas
Authors: Stevanato Luca , Baroni Gabriele , Cohen Yafit , Fontana Cristiano Lino , Gatto Simone , Lunardon Marcello , Marinello Francesco , Moretto Sandra , Morselli Luca
Published: September 2019

A correct soil moisture estimation is a fundamental prerequisite for many applications: agriculture, meteorological forecast, flood and drought prediction, and, in general, water accounting and management. Traditional methods typically provide point-like measurements, but suffer from soil heterogeneity, which can produce significant misinterpretation of the hydrological scenarios. In the last decade, cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has emerged as a promising approach for the detection of soil moisture content. CRNS can average soil moisture over a large volume (up to tens of hectares) of terrain with only one probe, thus overcoming limitations arising from the heterogeneity of the soil. The present paper introduces the development of a new CRNS instrument designed for agricultural applications and based on an innovative neutron detector. The new instrument was applied and tested in two experimental fields located in Potsdam (DE, Germany) and Lagosanto (IT, Italy). The results highlight how the new detector could be a valid alternative and robust solution for the application of the CRNS technique for soil moisture measurements in agriculture.
A New Approach to Farm Biodiversity Assessment
Authors: Świtek Stanisław , Sawinska Zuzanna , Głowicka-Wołoszyn Romana
Published: September 2019

A reduction in biodiversity due to farming operations has been broadly reported. As a solution, policy makers in the European Union have introduced several programs in recent years to enhance biodiversity on farms but these have met with only limited success. One of the main reasons for this lack of success is that the experience, knowledge and attitudes of farmers are not taken into account when biodiversity conservation programs are formulated. Farmers’ opinions must be taken into consideration in the creation of future programs, which should also include an assessment by the farmers of the value of the nature of their farms. In this study, farmers were asked to express their opinion on the attractiveness of their farm in relation to pollinators, game, birds, amphibians, reptiles, rodents and non-crop (wild) plants. Data were then analysed using a novel method in which each farm was assigned to one of four categories. High nature-value farms contained more natural features in the landscape, such as individual trees or ponds. Socio-economic factors, such as gender, also influenced the farm assessments; female farmers were more critical compared to their male counterparts. The establishment of field margins or watercourse by the farmers significantly increased the possibility that the farm would be classified as attractive.
A Novel Compost for Rice Cultivation Developed by Rice Industrial By-Products to Serve Circular Economy
Authors: Kadoglidou Kalliopi , Kalaitzidis Argyris , Stavrakoudis Dimitrios , Mygdalia Aggeliki , Katsantonis Dimitrios
Published: September 2019

Rice is the major staple crop worldwide, whereas fertilization practices include mainly the application of synthetic fertilizers. A novel compost was developed using 74% of rice industrial by-products (rice bran and husks) and tested in rice cultivation in Greece’s main rice producing area. Field experimentation was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons (2017 and 2018) and comprised six fertilization treatments, including four compost rates (C1: 80, C2: 160, C3: 320 kg ha−1 of nitrogen all in split application, C4: 160 kg ha−1 of nitrogen in single application), a conventional treatment, as well as an untreated control. A total of 21 morpho-physiological and quality traits were evaluated during the experimentation. The results indicated that rice plants in all compost treatments had greater height (8%–64%) and biomass (32%–113%) compared to the untreated control. In most cases, chlorophyll content index (CCI) and quantum yield (QY) were similar or higher in C3 compared to the conventional treatment. C2 and C3 exhibited similar or greater yields, 7.5–8.7 Mg ha−1 in 2017 and 6.3–6.9 Mg ha−1 in 2018, whereas the conventional treatment resulted in 7.3 Mg ha−1 and 6.8 Mg ha−1 in the two years, respectively. No differences were observed in most quality traits that affect the rice commodity. The current study reveals that in sustainable farming systems based on circular economy, such as organic ones, the application of the proposed compost at the rate of 6 Mg ha−1 can be considered sufficient for the rice crop nutrient requirements.
The Behavioural Effects of Innovative Litter Developed to Attract Cats
Authors: Frayne Jennifer , Murray Sarah MacDonald , Croney Candace , Flickinger Elizabeth , Edwards Michelle , Shoveller Anna Kate
Published: September 2019

Urination and/or defecation outside a designated location has been reported as the most common behavioural reason for surrendering a cat and comprises approximately 30% of cat intakes to shelters. The objective of this study was to determine whether cats would increase in-box elimination when provided a plant-based litter product with attractant (ATTRACT) compared to the same plant-based litter product without attractant (PLANT). Sixteen cats were split into two equal cohorts based on availability from the shelter and group-housed in an enriched room with eight identical litter boxes arranged in a circular pattern equidistant from each other. Following a two-week room acclimation and transition period from clay litter to PLANT litter, boxes were designated either PLANT or ATTRACT litter, balancing for cats’ prior box location preferences. For 14 days following litter allocation, cat behaviours such as sniffing, digging, covering, urinating, and defecating were video recorded for 12 h daily. The cats urinated more often in the ATTRACT litter, suggesting that they preferred the ATTRACT litter for urination more than the PLANT litter (p < 0.05). The most significant differences observed were between genders, with males spending significantly more time sniffing and performing urination behaviours (p < 0.05). These results suggest that litter with an attractant may be more effective in eliciting usage for urination, as compared to a litter without the additive.
Characterization of a Carbapenem-Resistant Kluyvera Cryocrescens Isolate Carrying Blandm-1 from Hospital Sewage
Authors: Li Ying , Luo Li , Xiao Zhijiao , Wang Guangxi , Li Chengwen , Zhang Zhikun , Zhou Yingshun , Zhang Luhua
Published: September 2019

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have been a global public health issue in recent years. Here, a carbapenem-resistant Kluyvera cryocrescens strain SCW13 was isolated from hospital sewage, and was then subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Based on WGS data, antimicrobial resistance genes were identified. Resistance plasmids were completely circularized and further bioinformatics analyses of plasmids were performed. A conjugation assay was performed to identify a self-transmissible plasmid mediating carbapenem resistance. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the core genome of publicly available Kluyvera strains. The isolate SCW13 exhibited resistance to cephalosporin and carbapenem. blaNDM-1 was found to be located on a ~53-kb self-transmissible IncX3 plasmid, which exhibited high similarity to the previously reported pNDM-HN380, which is an epidemic blaNDM-1-carrying IncX3 plasmid. Further, we found that SCW13 contained a chromosomal blaKLUC-2 gene, which was the probable origin of the plasmid-born blaKLUC-2 found in Enterobacter cloacae. Phylogenetic analysis showed that K. cryocrescens SCW13 exhibited a close relationship with K. cryocrescens NCTC10483. These findings highlight the further dissemination of blaNDM through clonal IncX3 plasmids related to pNDM-HN380 among uncommon Enterobacteriaceae strains, including Kluyvera in this case.
Tertiary Waves Measured during 2017 Pohang Earthquake Using an Underwater Glider
Authors: Lee Jung-Han , Ko Sung-Hyub , Jung Seom-Kyu , Hyeon Jong-Wu
Published: September 2019

An underwater glider equipped with a hydrophone observed the acoustic sounds of an earthquake that occurred on 15 November 2017 05:29:32 (UTC) in the Pohang area. The underwater glider observed the earthquake sounds after 19 s (05:29:51) at approximately 140 km from the Pohang epicenter. In order to distinguish the earthquake sound from the glider’s operation noise, the noise sources and Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the underwater glider were analyzed and measured at laboratory tank and sea. The earthquake acoustic signal was distinguished from glider’s self-noises of fin, pumped Conductivity-Temperature-Depth profiler (CTD) and altimeter which exist over 100 Hz. The dominant frequencies of the earthquake acoustic signals due to the earthquake were 10 Hz. Frequencies at which the spectra had dropped 60 dB were 50 Hz. By analysis of time correlation with seismic waves detected by five seismic land stations and the earthquake acoustic signal, it is clearly shown that the seismic waves converted to Tertiary waves and then detected by the underwater glider. The results allow constraining the acoustic sound level of the earthquake and suggest that the glider provides an effective platform for enhancing the earth seismic observation systems and monitoring natural and anthropogenic ocean sounds.
Alternative Visual Units for an Optimized Phoneme-Based Lipreading System
Authors: Bear Helen L. , Harvey Richard
Published: September 2019

Lipreading is understanding speech from observed lip movements. An observed series of lip motions is an ordered sequence of visual lip gestures. These gestures are commonly known, but as yet are not formally defined, as ‘visemes’. In this article, we describe a structured approach which allows us to create speaker-dependent visemes with a fixed number of visemes within each set. We create sets of visemes for sizes two to 45. Each set of visemes is based upon clustering phonemes, thus each set has a unique phoneme-to-viseme mapping. We first present an experiment using these maps and the Resource Management Audio-Visual (RMAV) dataset which shows the effect of changing the viseme map size in speaker-dependent machine lipreading and demonstrate that word recognition with phoneme classifiers is possible. Furthermore, we show that there are intermediate units between visemes and phonemes which are better still. Second, we present a novel two-pass training scheme for phoneme classifiers. This approach uses our new intermediary visual units from our first experiment in the first pass as classifiers; before using the phoneme-to-viseme maps, we retrain these into phoneme classifiers. This method significantly improves on previous lipreading results with RMAV speakers.
Quadcopter Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control: A New Approach via Backstepping Technique
Authors: Nguyen Anh Tung , Xuan-Mung Nguyen , Hong Sung-Kyung
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicles play important roles in several real-world applications and the improvement of their control performance has become an increasingly attractive topic of a great number of studies. In this paper, we present a new approach for the design and stability analysis of a quadcopter adaptive trajectory tracking control. Based on the quadcopter nonlinear dynamics model which is obtained by using the Euler–Lagrange approach, the tracking controller is devised via the backstepping control technique. Besides, an adaptive law is proposed to deal with the system parameterized uncertainties and to guarantee that the control input is finite. In addition, the vehicle’s vertical descending acceleration is ensured to not exceed the gravitational acceleration by making use of a barrier Lyapunov function. It is shown that the suitable parameter estimator is stable and the tracking errors are guaranteed to be asymptotically stable simultaneously. By prescribing certain flight conditions, we use numerical simulations to compare the control performance of our method to that of existing approaches. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Acoustic Pressure Pipette Aspiration Method Combined with Finite Element Analysis for Isotropic Materials
Authors: Maghzinajafabadi Mohammadali , Lamprecht Raphael , Semmler Marion , Sutor Alexander
Published: September 2019

A measurement setup combined with a numerical simulation by a linear finite element analysis is presented as a method to determine the elastic modulus of both artificial and real tissue as a function of frequency. At the end, the future goal is to develop and validate the method to measure the elastic modulus of in-vivo human vocal folds over the human phonation frequency range. In the present study, a miniaturized acoustic pressure pipette aspiration technique is developed to measure the material characteristics of an isotropic silicone specimen with similar characteristics as human vocal folds. In previous studies, friction and compression force effects of the pipette tip wall on the surface of the sample and the radius of the pipette were not investigated. Moreover, the large scale of the measurement setups made them impossible to use for clinical applications. Therefore, two different pipette sample cross-section boundary conditions and two different pipette radii were used. With the aim of ensuring reliable results, we tested our method with pipettes of two different radii on four silicone samples with different consistencies over a frequency range of 50–500 Hz. The simulation verified the measurement results in which the strong dependency of the elastic modulus on the excitation frequency, radius of the pipette, the pipette tip compression force and friction was revealed. By the simulation results, two different frequency dependent equations were developed for calculating elastic modulus of the silicone mixtures in the two cross-section boundary conditions. It was concluded that using a very small gap in between the pipette tip and the specimen can cancel the impact of the pipette tip force and friction which are the major cause of uncertainty. However, if a connection between the pipette and the surface is unpreventable, the contact force should be restricted to be absolutely zero.
Three-Dimensional Wind Measurements with the Fibered Airborne Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar LIVE
Authors: Augere Beatrice , Valla Matthieu , Durécu Anne , Dolfi-Bouteyre Agnès , Goular Didier , Gustave François , Planchat Christophe , Fleury Didier , Huet Thierry , Besson Claudine
Published: September 2019

A three-dimensional (3D) wind profiling Lidar, based on the latest high power 1.5 µm fiber laser development at Onera, has been successfully flown on-board a SAFIRE (Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement) ATR42 aircraft. The Lidar called LIVE (LIdar VEnt) is designed to measure wind profiles from the aircraft down to ground level, with a horizontal resolution of 3 km, a vertical resolution of 100 m and a designed accuracy on each three wind vector components better than 0.5 m.s−1. To achieve the required performance, LIVE Lidar emits 410 µJ laser pulses repeating at 14 KHz with a duration of 700 ns and uses a conical scanner of 30° total opening angle and a full scan time of 17 s.
Detection and Identification of Allergens from Canadian Mustard Varieties of Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea
Authors: L’Hocine Lamia , Pitre Mélanie , Achouri Allaoua
Published: September 2019

Currently, information on the allergens profiles of different mustard varieties is rather scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess protein profiles and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding patterns of selected Canadian mustard varieties. Optimization of a non-denaturing protein extraction from the seeds of selected mustard varieties was first undertaken, and the various extracts were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by means of protein recovery determination and protein profiling. The IgE-binding patterns of selected mustard seeds extracts were assessed by immunoblotting using sera from mustard sensitized and allergic individuals. In addition to the known mustard allergens—Sin a 2 (11S globulins), Sin a 1, and Bra j 1 (2S albumins)—the presence of other new IgE-binding protein bands was revealed from both Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea varieties. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the in-gel digested IgE-reactive bands identified the unknown ones as being oleosin, β-glucosidase, enolase, and glutathione-S transferase proteins. A bioinformatic comparison of the amino acid sequence of the new IgE-binding mustard proteins with those of know allergens revealed a number of strong homologies that are highly relevant for potential allergic cross-reactivity. Moreover, it was found that Sin a 1, Bra j 1, and cruciferin polypeptides exhibited a stronger IgE reactivity under non-reducing conditions in comparison to reducing conditions, demonstrating the recognition of conformational epitopes. These results further support the utilization of non-denaturing extraction and analysis conditions, as denaturing conditions may lead to failure in the detection of important immunoreactive epitopes.
Zebrafish: A Powerful Model for Understanding the Functional Relevance of Noncoding Region Mutations in Human Genetic Diseases
Authors: Mann Anita , Bhatia Shipra
Published: September 2019

Determining aetiology of genetic disorders caused by damaging mutations in protein-coding genes is well established. However, understanding how mutations in the vast stretches of the noncoding genome contribute to genetic abnormalities remains a huge challenge. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) or enhancers are an important class of noncoding elements. CREs function as the primary determinants of precise spatial and temporal regulation of their target genes during development by serving as docking sites for tissue-specific transcription factors. Although a large number of potential disease-associated CRE mutations are being identified in patients, lack of robust methods for mechanistically linking these mutations to disease phenotype is currently hampering the understanding of their roles in disease aetiology. Here, we have described the various systems available for testing the CRE potential of stretches of noncoding regions harbouring mutations implicated in human disease. We highlight advances in the field leading to the establishment of zebrafish as a powerful system for robust and cost-effective functional assays of CRE activity, enabling rapid identification of causal variants in regulatory regions and the validation of their role in disruption of appropriate gene expression.