bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetische Theorie der Viskosität amorpher Stoffe
Authors: Kochendörfer Albert
Published: March 2019

Ausgehend von der Annahme, die begründet wird, daß ein Körper im viskosen Zustand Körper gegenüber den kurzzeitigen statistischen Elementarvorgängen des Fließeng eine Schubelastizität von derselben Größenordnung wie im festen Zustand besitzt, wird auf der Grundlage der Theorie der Plastizität der Kristalle eine Theorie der Viskosität der amorphen Stoffe entwickelt. Sie führt auf eine Beziehung für log Y) , die außer der Temperatur und dem Schubmodul nur allgemeine Molekülkonstanten enthält. Sie ergibt, wie am Beispiel eines Glases mit bekanntem Schubmodul gezeigt wird, die Viskosität und ihren Temperaturverlauf in guter Übereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung wieder. Bei Metallschmelzen, deren Schubmodul nicht bekannt ist, ergibt sich unter Benutzung der Meßwerte der Aktivierungsenergie ebenfalls gute Übereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung. Die Bedeutung dieser rein kinetischen Theorie gegenüber den bisherigen Theorien, die stets ein phänomenologisches Zwischenglied enthalten, wird diskutiert
Analysing the Efficiencies of Partially Entangled Three-Qubit States for Quantum Information Processing Under Real Conditions
Authors: Faujdar Jyoti , Kumar Atul
Published: March 2019

In this article, we revisit the question of analysing the efficiencies of partially entangled states in three-qubit classes under real conditions. Our results show some interesting observations regarding the efficiencies and correlations of partially entangled states. Surprisingly, we find that the efficiencies of many three-qubit partially entangled states exceed that of maximally entangled three-qubit states under real noisy conditions and applications of weak measurements. Our analysis, therefore, suggests that the efficiencies of partially entangled states are much more robust to noise than those of maximally entangled states at least for the GHZ (Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger) class states, for certain protocols; i.e. less correlations in the initially prepared state may also lead to better efficiency and hence one need not always consider starting with a maximally entangled state with maximum correlations between the qubits. For a set of partially entangled states, we find that the efficiency is optimal, independent of the decoherence and state parameters, if the value of weak measurement parameter is very large. For other values of the weak measurement parameter, the robustness of the states depends on the decoherence and state parameters. Moreover, we further show that one can achieve higher efficiencies in a protocol by using non-optimal weak measurement strengths instead of optimal weak measurement strengths.
FERTILITY PRESERVATION: Testicular transplantation for fertility preservation: clinical potential and current challenges
Authors: Kilcoyne Karen R , Mitchell Rod T
Published: March 2019

Transplantation of testicular tissues and cells has been proposed as a future clinical option for patients who have had testicular tissue cryopreserved prior to receiving gonadotoxic therapies. Whilst this approach remains experimental, success using animal models and successful transplantation of ovarian tissue resulting in live births in female patients provides optimism for the development of clinical applications involving transplantation of testicular tissue in males. Careful consideration must be given to patient groups that may benefit from this approach in the future. Current research is focused on optimising patient selection, methods for tissue cryopreservation and development of transplantation techniques that might restore sperm production or future fertility in males. Crucially, attention must be focused on ensuring safety of transplantation, including eliminating the potential for infection or re-introducing malignancy. Furthermore the genetic/epigenetic integrity of any gametes generated must be ensured to allow generation of normal offspring. This review will provide an overview of the current status of transplantation of testicular tissue and cells for fertility preservation in males.
Ram seminal plasma and its functional proteomic assessment
Authors: Leahy T , Rickard J P , Bernecic N C , Druart X , de Graaf S P
Published: March 2019

Ejaculation results in the confluence of epididymal spermatozoa with secretions of the accessory sex glands. This interaction is not a prerequisite for fertilisation success, but seminal factors do play a crucial role in prolonging the survival of spermatozoa bothin vitroandin vivoby affording protection from handling induced stress and some selective mechanisms of the female reproductive tract. Reproductive biologists have long sought to identify specific factors in seminal plasma that influence sperm function and fertility in these contexts. Many seminal plasma proteins have been identified as diagnostic predictors of sperm function and have been isolated and appliedin vitroto prevent sperm damage associated with the application of artificial reproductive technologies. Proteomic assessment of the spermatozoon, and its surroundings, has provided considerable advances towards these goals and allowed for greater understanding of their physiological function. In this review, the importance of seminal plasma will be examined through a proteomic lens to provide comprehensive analysis of the ram seminal proteome and detail the use of proteomic studies that correlate seminal plasma proteins with ram sperm function and preservation ability.
Vaticano II: integrando en la moralidad un nuevo aporte
Authors: Métivier Pierre André
Published: March 2019

La otra ética de Tomás de Aquino, es decir, la otra estructura posible de nuestro ideal de vida, nos permite acoger la enseñanza del Vaticano II, que define nuestra relación con el mundo. Además del apoyo textual, ella se beneficia de estar cimentada sobre las sólidas bases del amor y de la caridad, que son el fundamento de nuestras vidas. Esta ética apunta a un doble movimiento, el de la manifestación (aquello más valioso en nosotros se mediatiza en acciones y les comunica a ellas toda nuestra riqueza) y el del surgimiento del ser (estas acciones se desarrollan en el sujeto mismo del cual provienen). Esta otra presentación de nuestro ideal de vida manifiesta a un Dios que ya está presente en nosotros, que nos hace cómplices de su amor por el mundo. Correspondería a la etapa de la madurez en nuestras vidas: nuestras acciones, una vez rectificadas, son unificadas en el amor que las lleva.
Developmental Control of the Cell Cycle: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kipreos Edward T , van den Heuvel Sander
Published: March 2019

During animal development, a single fertilized egg forms a complete organism with tens to trillions of cells that encompass a large variety of cell types. Cell cycle regulation is therefore at the center of development and needs to be carried out in close coordination with cell differentiation, migration, and death, as well as tissue formation, morphogenesis, and homeostasis. The timing and frequency of cell divisions are controlled by complex combinations of external and cell-intrinsic signals that vary throughout development. Insight into how such controls determine in vivo cell division patterns has come from studies in various genetic model systems. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has only about 1000 somatic cells and approximately twice as many germ cells in the adult hermaphrodite. Despite the relatively small number of cells, C. elegans has diverse tissues, including intestine, nerves, striated and smooth muscle, and skin. C. elegans is unique as a model organism for studies of the cell cycle because the somatic cell lineage is invariant. Somatic cells divide at set times during development to produce daughter cells that adopt reproducible developmental fates. Studies in C. elegans have allowed the identification of conserved cell cycle regulators and provided insights into how cell cycle regulation varies between tissues. In this review, we focus on the regulation of the cell cycle in the context of C. elegans development, with reference to other systems, with the goal of better understanding how cell cycle regulation is linked to animal development in general.
Some features of the influence of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on soils in arid conditions
Authors: Gorban V. A. , Huslystyi A. O.
Published: March 2019

Some features of the influence of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) on soils in arid conditions The modern scientific sources concerning the peculiarities of the influence of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on soils under arid conditions have been analyzed. As a result of the performed analysis, it turned out that the largest number of scientific sources is devoted to the highlighting of the specifics of the influence of plantings on the content of organic substances, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, soil moisture, as well as erosion processes and the process of recultivation of disturbed lands. The main influence of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on the organic matter content is manifested in increasing the soil organic carbon content in the upper layers of soils, as well as in its increase in soil content, preferably up to a depth of 50 cm, compared with some other trees and herbaceous plants. Nitrogen is the main biophilic chemical element that is actively accumulated by black locust plantings. At the same time, the positive effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. on the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in soils was found, which positively affects the increase of soil fertility under plantings. An analysis of literary sources has revealed that there are results of researches that confirm the use of black locust from moisture from both surface and deep layers of soils. Plantings of Robinia pseudoacacia L. are actively used in arid conditions to overcome the manifestations of erosion processes. In this case, an additional mechanism of anti-erosion stability of the plantation, some authors consider the formation of forest litter in black locust forest stands. Robinia pseudoacacia L. due to its adaptations is successfully used in the recultivation of disturbed lands, actively improving their properties and increasing their fertility. It should be noted, however, that most European countries regard Robinia pseudoacacia L. as an invasive species whose invasion negatively affects indigenous plant communities. At the same time, the countries, a significant part of which falls on arid lands, actively use black locust for afforestation and improvement of the state of their soils.
Perculiarities of introduction of Araliaceae Juss. in botanical gardens (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Authors: Morozko A. P. , Leshchenko O. Y. , Kolesnichenko O. V. , Lykholat Y. V. , Zemnianska M. , Bidolakh D. I. , Tsarenko O. N.
Published: March 2019

The results of physiological, morphological, anatomical peculiarities of introduced plants of Araliaceae Juss. have been given. Study of seasonal growth and development peculiarities of Araliaceae Juss.  showed that most of these plants were introduced successfully but the process was complicated by climatic conditions of the area in city Kiev. According to a comprehensive assessment a large number of studied species were highly evaluated for decorative effect. Introduced species of family Araliaceae Juss. are characterized by high-level adaptation to local soil and climatic conditions in Botanical gardens of Kiev. The vast majority of them bloom but not all can form seeds. Thus, among the introduced plants only five representatives of genus Acanthopanax – Acanthopanax lasiogyne, Acanthopanax divaricatus, Acanthopanax sieboldianus, Acanthopanax trifoliatus and Acanthopanax wardii have high level of adaptation. To determine the prospect of cultivating research species we assessed the degree of winter resistance by the 5-point M. K. Vechova scale on the basis of visual observations in conditions of the open ground. The level of adaptation of plants was evaluated in the city Kyiv using the estimation scale measured in points and in percentages. Results of researches showed that the species have a high resistance to the effects of adverse factors. All types of this family are promising for introduction into culture and can be widely used in various branches of the national economy.  A comprehensive assessment of the decorative effect of ornamental plant species was carried out by the O. G. Horoshyh and O. V. Horoshyh scales, according to which the decorative effect of the vast majority of studied species was highly appreciated. The results of our study shows that the introduced species of Araliaceae Juss. have a good prospect for further their use in ornamental gardening, urban greening and landscape design in private territories of citizens.
Diagnostic role of soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone
Authors: Gorban V. A.
Published: March 2019

For the current stage of the development of soil science it is relevant to search for objectively existing interactions between the various soil properties. Solving this issue most appropriately should be based on the establishment of pedotransfer functions. Pedotransfer functions appeared at the time of the birth of quantitative soil science, when one of the properties of the soil tried to predict others when it became clear that everything in the soil is interrelated when it was established that there is a well-defined number of fundamental, basic properties of the soil, which is basically defines its other properties. Accordingly, the purpose of our work is to establish the diagnostic value of the individual soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the steppe by means of determining the existing interconnections between them and other properties and characteristics of these soils. The solution of this issue is one of the tasks of developing research on the soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The diagnostic value of granulometric and structural-aggregate composition, density and permeability for determining the general state of soils due to the existence of certain interactions between the indicated parameters and other soil properties is considered. The granulometric composition is a fundamental soil characteristic that determines not only the physical state, but also all the main soil properties and regimes of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The structural and aggregate composition is an important complex diagnostic feature of chernozem, which helps to reveal the peculiarities of their genesis under the influence of forest vegetation, in particular as a result of changes in the content and composition of organic matter, exchange cations, the influence of root vegetation systems, etc. The soil density, due to existing interactions with other soil properties, is an important diagnostic feature that reflects the features of their genesis and regimes, which determines the specificity of the ecological functions of the soils of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. Water permeability can be considered as a complex characteristic of soils, which to a certain extent reflects their granulometric composition, porosity, structural and aggregate composition, determines the features of the water-air regime. The differences of physical properties of zonal chernozems and chernozems, the genesis of which are connected with artificial and natural forest biogeocoenoses within the steppe zone of Ukraine, are analyzed. The relevance of the further search for relationships between physical indicators that are easily and promptly analyzed, and other soil properties for expanding diagnostic possibilities with respect to their genesis is pointed out.
Analysis of morphological features connections in representatives of saprophages (case study Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927)
Authors: Pokhylenko A. P. , Didur O. O.
Published: March 2019

Among the natural mechanisms that positively influence on the optimization of anthropogenically transformed soils, on sustainability of natural soils, there is saprophages’ pertinent activity. Typical representatives of saprophages within such functional group as «ecosystem engineers» are diplopoda. Their trophometabolic (excretory) function is a significant factor in the fertility soil rising. The object of the study – Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927), the representative of Diplopoda (Julidae). The aim of the paper is studing the interdependence morphological features among R. kessleri individuals from different forest ecosystems (natural ash-maple oakery within subwatereshed-ravine landscape, natural maple-aspen oakery within terrace flood plain, maple standing forest within subwatereshed-ravine landscape) within the steppe zone of Ukraine. Statistical analysis, on the criterion of multiple comparison of averages (test Tukey) for females from three forest types, revealed statistically significant (P ≤ 0,05) differences in average width and length of it’s body, and in the length of the collum. For males from three forest types, significant differences (P ≤ 0,05) was found in width and length of the antennae, meanwhile for lingular plates’ length and width, and for length and width of the gnathochilarium, differences was not established. Analysis of morphological features connections was carried out using multiple regression methods, which allowed to develop mathematical models with high predictive power. It is established that morphological changes of some diplopoda’s structural features are correlated with one or several other ones. Multiple regression methods showed standing assemblages of quantitative characteristics that might be predicted by certain morphometric features both for males and females (for example by linear size of its body, or size of gnathochilarium elements). It is shown that antennae’s length and width, correlate with body length (for females) and body width (for males) respectively. As for gnathochilarium elements, for females a great number of features were determined as remained in mathematical models after statistical processing. Thus, lingular plates’ length and width might be predicted by additive (total) contribution of body’s length and width, and gnathochilarium length for females, and for males, respectively, only the by gnathochilarium width and by body’s length. The identified features are elements of morphological integration, which makes structural and functional integrity of organisms as a system.
Effect of zoogenic litter on soil’s chemical properties in forest biogeocoenoses of steppe Prydniprovia
Authors: Shulman M. V. , Pakhomov O. Y.
Published: March 2019

The aspects of the process of decomposition and recycling of zoogenic litter (dead animals of different classes) were first ascertained for the steppe Prydniprovia. Influence of destruction of necrotic organic matter on soil properties (pH, NPK-complex) in forest ecosystems in the steppe zone of Ukraine was estimated. Decomposition and recycling processes of dead animals (chickens, rats) on the experimental plots in biogeocoenoses with artificial oak plantations, sampling soil under dead bodies after the active stages of decomposition with different soil horizons at the same time with control samples, its chemical analysis allowed to determine the effect of degradation necrotic organic matter on the pH value and the content of some chemical elements (N, P, K) in the soil studied ecosystems. In this article the results of investigation of the effect of zoogenic litter on some chemical properties of soil in forest biogeocoenoses of steppe Prydniprovia are presented. The effect of chickens and rats corpses’ decomposition on the pH of soil, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium indexes in the soil is analyzed. The influence of the expansion of animal carcasses on soil chemical properties in different soil horizons compared with control values (without the presence of animal carcasses) is identified. It was found that under the effect of decomposition of animals’ corpses the pH of the soil increases. Under the corpses of chickens pH increases by 6,4–16,7 %, and rats – 2,2–14,2 % compared to control values. The content of nitrogen in the soil under the corpses of chickens increases by 9,5–42,2 %, and under the corpses of rats – to 25,5–25,7 %. Phosphorus content under the corpses of chickens increases by 28,4–107,7 % of rats – to 57,5–75,7 %. The content of potassium in the soil under the corpses of chickens increased by 3,63 % to 69,8 %, and the corpses of rats – by 6,8–23,0 %. Consequently zoogenic litter is an important factor in the accumulation of NPK-complex in the soil. Thus process of animal corpse decomposition has positive effect for chemical properties of forest soil and biogeocoenoses generally.
A enunciação enquanto fenômeno integrador dos estudos discursivos e literários
Authors: Delanoy Cláudio Primo , Cavalheiro Juciane Dos Santos , Boenavides Débora Luciene Porto
Published: March 2019

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Relationship between growth traits and yield formation in Indica-type rice crop
Authors: Maqueira López Lazaro Alberto
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Climatic variation is one of the causes for the decrease in yield and its variability in Indica-type rice (Oryza sativa L.). This evidences the necessity of the study of the interaction of meteorological variables with the behavior of rice cultivars, to establish the base of management of the harvest and increase of the yield. Objective. The objective of the present study was to relate the yield of rice with variables of plant growth. Materials and methods. Four rice cultivars were planted in the “dry” season of December 2004, February 2005 and January 2006, and in the rainy season of March 2006, April 2008 and 2009, in Los Palacios, Pinar del Río province, Cuba. The yield and its components, the dynamics of plant growth (LAI and dry matter), the variation of the dry matter of the internodes, peduncle, flag leaf, leaf and leaf sheath during the grain filling phase were evaluated the panicle growth in addition to the meteorological data. A multivariate analysis was used to relate the performance to the characteristics of the plants evaluated. Results. The yield was higher in the “dry” season and to obtain higher yields, the growth dynamics of the plant and the variation of the dry matter of the third internode during the grain filling were important. In both seasons, different source-sink relationships were established and these situations depended mainly on the temperature regime at which the plants were subjected. Conclusion. Breeders, in order to increase potencial yields, may fows their atttention in grow traits during vegetative stages.
Suplementación de gallinas ponedoras con selenio orgánico y su transferencia al huevo
Authors: Rodríguez-Alfaro Marisol , Salas-Durán Catalina , Orozco-Vidaorreta Carlos
Published: March 2019

Introducción. El selenio es un mineral traza esencial para la salud humana y animal, forma parte de las selenoproteínas, que tienen función antioxidante, previenen y reducen el daño que causan los radicales libres en el organismo. Objetivo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación dietaria con selenio orgánico en gallinas ponedoras sobre los rendimientos zootécnicos, la calidad de huevo y su transferencia al huevo de consumo humano. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron dos ensayos con lotes de 33 000 gallinas ISA Brown (de 32 y 40 semanas de edad) en la provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica, durante el primer semestre del 2013. Después de un periodo control (cuatro semanas), se suplementó el alimento con 0,4 ppm de selenio orgánico (tres semanas adaptación y tres semanas enriquecimiento), y se tuvo un periodo de retiro (tres semanas). El porcentaje de postura, huevos acumulados, mortalidad, consumo de alimento, peso y masa de huevo y conversión alimenticia fueron monitoreados semanalmente; se tomó una muestra de cincuenta aves por lote para evaluar peso corporal. Se determinaron semanalmente las variables unidades Haugh, grosor de cáscara y color de yema en quince huevos frescos, quince huevos de siete días y quince huevos de catorce días de puestos. La concentración de selenio en huevo se midió en los tres periodos (seis huevos por periodo). Resultados. No se observaron variaciones en los parámetros zootécnicos atribuibles a la adición del selenio. La suplementación dietaria con selenio orgánico de gallinas ponedoras aumentó el contenido de este mineral en los huevos, el cual varió, de no ser detectado en los periodos control de ambos ensayos, a 0,14 µg/g y 0,39 µg/g, durante el periodo de suplementación de cada ensayo. El almacenamiento del huevo afectó significativamente (p<0,05) las unidades Haugh y el color de la yema en ambos ensayos; y en el ensayo 1 también afectó el peso y la masa del huevo. Conclusión. La suplementación dietaria de gallinas ponedoras con selenio orgánico puede llevar a producir huevos con valor agregado.
Adaptación de diez cultivares de Lolium sp. en el trópico alto de Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Cadena-Guerrero Máryory Maricela , García-Dávila Mario Augusto , Meneses-Buitrago Diego Hernán , Morales-Montero Sonia Patricia , Castro-Rincón Edwin
Published: March 2019

Introducción. Los sistemas de producción de leche en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia, se caracterizan por la predominancia del pasto kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus), el cual presenta susceptibilidad a heladas, plagas y patógenos, lo que reduce su productividad. Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la adaptación de diez genotipos de raigrás en tres localidades de la zona alta de Nariño (2905-3157 msnm) durante época seca y lluviosa. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló de febrero de 2016 a febrero 2017. Se usó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo multifactorial, y los factores genotipos (diez), localidad, época (seca y lluviosa) y edad de cosecha (25, 30, 35 y 40 días). Se midió la altura de planta, la cobertura, la severidad de enfermedades y el rendimiento de materia seca. Resultados. La respuesta de los genotipos estuvo afectadada por la época. En la localidad de Pasto, en época lluviosa, los valores más altos para altura de planta, cobertura y rendimiento de materia seca se obtuvieron con los genotipos Conquistador (46,33 cm), Aubade (99,67%) y Tetralite II, Bestfor Plus, Aubade y Boxer (2,22-2,09 t/ha/corte), respectivamente; la severidad de enfermedades más baja en esta localidad la presentó Samson (1,14). Para las mismas variables en Cumbal, en época lluviosa, se destacaron Bestfor (32,60 cm), Aubade (90,62%), Bestfor y Tetralite II (1,60 t/ha/corte) y Boxer (1,06); y en Sapuyes fueron Bestfor (25,33 cm), Boxer (98,53%), Bestfor y Tetralite II (0,66 y 0,65 t/ha/corte) y Samson, Conquistador y Angus (con valores de 1,0). Conclusión. La época lluviosa afectó positivamente la respuesta de los genotipos con mayores rendimientos de materia seca, altura de planta y cobertura. La respuesta de los genotipos se afectó por las épocas seca y lluviosa, se afectó el rendimiento de materia seca, altura de planta y cobertura. Los genotipos con buen comportamiento agronómico se sugieren para validación comercial para diversificar la oferta forrajera en las localidades estudiadas.
Polietilenglicol 8000 para identificar maíz tolerante al estrés hídrico durante la germinación
Authors: Rangel-Fajardo Maria Alma , Gómez-Montiel Noel , Tucuch-Haas Jorge Ismael , Basto-Barbudo Dianelly De la Cruz , Villalobos-González Antonio , Buros-Díaz Johnny Abraham
Published: March 2019

Introducción. La disponibilidad de agua para la producción agrícola es esencial. La producción de maíz, sujeta al periodo de lluvias, en México supera el 70%. En las regiones agrícolas de la península de Yucatán se reportan producciones en condiciones de bajas precipitaciones o muy erráticas, que pueden provocar pérdidas totales. Una condición crítica para el establecimiento de un cultivo es contar con la humedad necesaria que permita la germinación. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar materiales de maíz bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico simulado por medio de soluciones osmóticas con la finalidad de identificar los que toleren estas condiciones. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Campo Experimental Mocochá del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, durante el 2017; abarcó la fase de germinación y establecimiento. Se emplearon veinticinco materiales de maíz bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial. Se realizó una prueba de germinación bajo dos condiciones de estrés simulado por medio de PEG 8000 (-0,5 y -0,75 MPa), además se empleó un testigo (0 MPa). Se realizaron cuatro repeticiones de veinticinco semillas cada una. Las semillas se expusieron por 24 h al PEG 8000, posteriormente, se hicieron riegos con agua destilada. Se realizaron conteos de las semillas germinadas al séptimo día y se reportó como porcentaje de germinación. En una muestra de diez plántulas de cada repetición, se midió la longitud y el peso, por separado, de la parte aérea y la raíz. Resultados. De los materiales evaluados los híbridos H-563, H-565 y H-568 soportaron estrés de -0,5 MPa, y el H-520, H-567 y HEV3B presentaron germinación con -0,75 MPa y resaltaron en todas las variables evaluadas. Conclusión. Es posible identificar materiales que toleraran las condiciones de estrés durante la etapa de germinación.
Antibiosis de proteínas y metabolitos en especies de Trichoderma contra aislamientos paraguayos de Macrophomina phaseolina
Authors: Cubilla-Ríos Alberto Anastacio , Ruíz-Díaz-Mendoza Dani Daniel , Romero-Rodríguez María Cristina , Flores-Giubi María Eugenia , Barúa-Chamorro Javier Enrique
Published: March 2019

Introducción. Macrophomina phaseolina es un hongo necrotrófico de difícil control. Hongos biocontroladores, como las especies del género Trichoderma, son una alternativa para cultivos afectados por este fitopatógeno. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la capacidad de antibiosis de Trichoderma arundinaceum, T. brevicompactum y T. harzianum, contra dos aislamientos de M. phaseolina. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo se efectuó entre octubre de 2015 y marzo del 2016. Se utilizaron tres cepas de referencia de Trichoderma: T. arundinaceum (IBT40837), T. brevicompactum (IBT40841) y T. harzianum T34 (CECT2413) y de M. phaseolina dos aislamientos (FCQ6 y FCQ9). Se realizaron ensayos de confrontación directa, antibiosis y análisis del perfil de proteínas y metabolitos secretados por Trichoderma. Resultados. Las especies de Trichoderma empleadas inhibieron de forma significativa el crecimiento de los dos aislamientos de M. phaseolina en los ensayos de confrontación directa, membrana de celofán y/o membrana de diálisis. En el ensayo de confrontación directa la mayor inhibición del crecimiento de los hongos se observó a las 96 h. El hongo aislado de sésamo (Sesamun indicum L., variedad Escoba blanca), permitió la evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de las moléculas de alto y bajo peso molecular incluso hasta las 120 h, donde T. arundinaceum mantuvo 100% de inhibición del crecimiento; en este mismo tiempo de exposición, los hongos T. brevicompactum y T. harzianum demostraron la importancia de las moléculas de alto peso molecular para el mantenimiento de la actividad antifúngica. Los resultados mostraron la diversidad de metabolitos secundarios y proteínas secretadas por las tres especies de Trichoderma. Conclusión. Este trabajo constituye la primera descripción de la actividad antifúngica de T. arundinaceum y T. brevicompactum contra M. phaseolina, y además, se destaca el potencial de hongos aislados de suelo nativo como alternativa biológica para el control de hongos fitopatógenos de importancia agrícola.
AI Generality and Spearman’s Law of Diminishing Returns
Authors: Hernandez-Orallo Jose
Published: March 2019

Many areas of AI today use benchmarks and competitions with larger and wider sets of tasks. This tries to deter AI systems (and research effort) from specialising to a single task, and encourage them to be prepared to solve previously unseen tasks. It is unclear, however, whether the methods with best performance are actually those that are most general and, in perspective, whether the trend moves towards more general AI systems. This question has a striking similarity with the analysis of the so-called positive manifold and general factors in the area of human intelligence. In this paper, we first show how the existence of a manifold (positive average pairwise task correlation) can also be analysed in AI, and how this relates to the notion of agent generality, from the individual and the populational points of view. From the populational perspective, we analyse the following question: is this manifold correlation higher for the most or for the least able group of agents? We contrast this analysis with one of the most controversial issues in human intelligence research, the so-called Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR), which basically states that the relevance of a general factor diminishes for most able human groups. We perform two empirical studies on these issues in AI. We analyse the results of the 2015 general video game AI (GVGAI) competition, with games as tasks and "controllers" as agents, and the results of a synthetic setting, with modified elementary cellular automata (ECA) rules as tasks and simple interactive programs as agents. In both cases, we see that SLODR doesnot appear. The data, and the use of just two scenarios, does not clearly support the reverse either, a Universal Law of Augmenting Returns (ULOAR), but calls for more experiments on this question.
MÜZİK VE RESİM İLİŞKİSİ: RESİM SANATINDA MÜZİĞİN YENİDENÜRETİMİNE İLİŞKİN ÖRNEKLER
Authors: ONAL M. Ayça
Published: March 2019

1960lı yıllarda disiplinlerin
karşılıklı verilerini tüketmeleriyle birlikte yapıtlar metinlerarası bir bakış
ile incelenmeye başlanmış ve böylece metinlerarasılık yapıtların temel bir
özelliği durumuna gelmiştir (Aktulum, 2008:28-36). Bu bakış açısıyla birlikte
oluşan “çokseslilik” özelliği ile farklı disiplinlerin verileri tek bir yapıtta
toplanarak geçmiş ile günümüz arasında bir köprü kurulmuş; farklı amaç ve
işlevler doğrultusunda yeni yapıtlar üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Farklı
disiplinler arasındaki metinlerarası yöntemler ise göstergelerarasılık
kapsamında incelenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda göstergelerarasılık kavramı; bir
sanat yapıtının başka bir sanat yapıtındaki somut varlığı olarak
algılanmaktadır. Bu bakış açısıyla oluşan çokkatmanlı ya da çoksesli bir
özelliğe bürünen yapıtlar postmodern sanat yapıtı biçeminin de içeriğini
oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada XX. yüzyıl sanatına zemin hazırlayan, resim
sanatında müziksel verilerin kullanımına ilişkin tarihsel süreçten örnekler
verilerek; XX. yüzyıl müzik ve resim sanatı arasındaki göstergelerarası işlemi
müziksel verilerin resim sanatında yenidenüretimi olarak incelenmektedir. Bu
konuda J.Whistler (1834-1903), Van Gogh (1853-1890), Wassily Kandinsky
(1866-1944), Matisse (1869-1954), F. Kupka (1871-1957), A. Macke (1887-1914) ve
Hülya Düzenli (1957- ) gibi ressamların yapıtlarındaki müziksel verilerin
resimsel simgelere dönüşümü örneklerle verilmektedir.
Basic properties of sumudu transformation and its application to some partial differential equations
Authors: KAYA Fatma , YILMAZ Yalçın
Published: March 2019

One of the solution methods of ordinary and partial differential
equations is integral transform. Newly introduced Sumudu transform provides an
alternative integral transform which gives us an efficient tool to solve
initial-boundary value problems. In this work, it is obtained solutions to some
dynamic problems which arise in physics and engineering.
Chemical and mechanical properties analysis of extruded polyvinyl choloride (PVC)/sepiolite composite
Authors: ÖTEYAKA Mustafa Özgür , ÖTEYAKA Hasan Candan
Published: March 2019

In this
study, poly vinyl chloride (PVC)/ sepiolite composites were produced using an
extruder. Two different sepiolite powders: white and gray were added to the PVC
in order; 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 20 wt.%. The morphology alteration,
chemical behavior and mechanical properties of the powders and the composites
were examined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), tensile test, X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). The results showed that the
sepiolite white powder had 20.72 wt.% CaO and approximately half of the 20.81
wt.% SiO2 as compared to the sepiolite gray powder. The XRD analysis confirmed
that the structure of calcined white sepiolite contained dolomite, while gray calcined-sepiolite
contained zeolite. The composites with 5 wt.% sepiolite white or gray powders
exhibited higher tensile strength. Increasing the quantity of both sepiolite
powders in the composites deteriorated the surface with cracks and shifted the thermal
degradation of the sepiolite gray toward higher temperatures.
Long-time Behaviour of Solution to Inverse Problem for Higher-order Parabolic Equation
Authors: YAMAN Metin
Published: March 2019

We consider an inverse problem for the fourth-order
parabolic equation. Long time behavior of the solution for the higher-order
nonlinear inverse problem is established. Additional condition is given in the
form of integral overdetermination.
Educação superior a distância: possível coadjuvante no desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Nunes Lins Hoyêdo
Published: March 2019

O trabalho sustenta a argumentação de que, especialmente no âmbito das ciências sociais aplicadas, a educação superior a distância pode representar a criação de conhecimento sobre as realidades dos estudantes e contribuir para a promoção do desenvolvimento regional. É usada como base a experiência do curso de graduação em Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, iniciado em 2008. O texto destaca o papel das universidades em geral na promoção desse desenvolvimento, inclusive pela formação e capacitação de pessoas para gerar e disseminar conhecimento sobre as condições econômicas, sociais e políticas nesse plano. A modalidade do ensino a distância sobressai nesse processo quando estimula o estudo de problemas que marcam o cotidiano dos alunos. No curso de graduação em Ciências Econômicas a distância da UFSC, é forte a presença de temas locais e regionais – considerando-se os municípios de residência dos alunos – observados nas monografias de conclusão da formação, nas várias turmas. Neste estudo, são evidenciados quatro desses trabalhos, orientados pelo autor e ligados à disciplina de Economia Regional e Urbana: observa-se proximidade com questões de desenvolvimento regional ou local, inclusive pelas sugestões no tocante à formulação de políticas ou medidas de promoção.
O fluxo de conhecimento na produção de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem
Authors: Fonseca Alarcon Dafne , Spanho Fernando José
Published: March 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo identificar e discutir os resultados do fluxo de conhecimento na produção de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVAs) aplicados a Educação a Distância (EaD). Este mapeamento foi realizado, a partir da revisão da literatura, orientada aos serviços e processos na EaD com foco no trabalho das equipes multidisciplinares envolvidas em projetos e programas desta modalidade educacional. Assim, a proposta deste artigo é auxiliar as equipes envolvidas na gestão e compartilhamento de conhecimentos, a fim de almejar e alcançar a consequente melhoria da qualidade e organização em processos e serviços que envolvem a EaD.
A Pilot Study of Fan Fiction Writer’s Legal Information Behavior
Authors: Katz Rebecca Jennifer
Published: March 2019

Fan fiction, a genre using pre-existing and often copyrighted media as a springboard for new stories, raises several legal challenges. While fans may benefit from copyright limitations, their actual knowledge of and ability to exercise their legal rights is unclear, due to limited empirical work with fan writers on this subject. This is especially true of Canadian fans, who are underrepresented in the literature.

This paper reports on a pilot study of Canadian and US fan writers’ legal knowledge, information behavior, and overall perceptions of law. It addresses background, methods, preliminary results, and future directions.
Binary synthetic template oligonucleotide positve control for in-house diagnostic real-time RT-PCR v1
Authors: M Mackay Ian , A Northill Judy
Published: March 2019

This protocol details how to make and use a pair of synthetic template oligonucleotides (STOs) for use as real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) controls. The method can also be used for PCR controls. This binary positive control approach is easy to replicate once mastered, quick to produce, results in enough RNA stock for years of PCR runs, and provides several benefits over the use of a wild-type positive control such as the nucleic acids extracted from virus culture or from a known previously-positive clinical specimen. The method is an adaptation of a previsouly published approach [Ref 1] and has recently been described in some publications.[Ref 2] Our approach to a positive control requires that each PCR run includes two additional reactions. one controls for primer function (PRIMER control). This STO includes hybridisation sites for the specific target assay's primers bouding a generic probe hybridisation target site one controls for probe function (PROBE control). This STO includes a hybridisation site for the specific target assay's probe(s), bounded by a pair of generic primer hybridisation target sites REFERENCES. Smith G, Smith I, Harrower B, Warrilow D, Bletchly C. A simple method for preparing synthetic controls for conventional and real-time PCR for the identification of endemic and exotic disease agents. J Virol Methods. 2006 Aug;135(2):229-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677717 Hall-Mendelin S, Pyke AT, Moore PR, Mackay IM, McMahon JL, Ritchie SA, Taylor CT, Moore FA, van den Hurk AF. Assessment of Local Mosquito Species Incriminates Aedes aegypti as the Potential Vector of Zika Virus in Australia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Sep 19;10(9):e0004959. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27643685 Transcription of RNA templates by T7 RNA polymerase. Nucl. Acids Res. (1998) 26 (15): 3550-3554. Arnaud-Barbe et al.
RNA extraction with PGTX v1
Authors: LCB Berwanger Lutz
Published: March 2019

This protocol is used for RNA extraction in cyanobacteria after Pinto et al. 2009. Pinto, Fernando Lopes; Thapper, Anders; Sontheim, Wolfgang; Lindblad, Peter (2009): Analysis of current and alternative phenol based RNA extraction methodologies for cyanobacteria. In: BMC molecular biology 10, S. 79. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-79 .
Binary synthetic template oligonucleotide positive control for in-house diagnostic real-time RT-PCR v3
Authors: M Mackay Ian , A Northill Judy
Published: March 2019

This protocol details how to make and use a pair of synthetic template oligonucleotides (STOs) for use as real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) controls. The method can also be used for PCR controls. This binary positive control approach is easy to replicate once mastered, quick to produce, results in enough RNA stock for years of PCR runs, and provides several benefits over the use of a wild-type positive control such as the nucleic acids extracted from virus culture or from a known previously-positive clinical specimen. The method is an adaptation of a previsouly published approach [Ref 4; see Steps section] and has recently been described in some publications.[Ref 5] Our approach to a positive control requires that each PCR run includes two additional reactions. one controls for primer function (PRIMER control). This STO includes hybridisation sites for the specific target assay's primers bouding a generic probe hybridisation target site one controls for probe function (PROBE control). This STO includes a hybridisation site for the specific target assay's probe(s), bounded by a pair of generic primer hybridisation target sites
Loop and uLoop assembly v5
Authors: Pollak Bernardo
Published: March 2019

This protocol is used for performing Type IIS assembly by either BsaI or SapI-mediated restriction/ligation using Loop assembly with either Loop or uLoop plasmids. Loop assembly comprises8receiver plasmids in odd and even levels (4 per level), which containdirectional overhangs for higher level assembly. Odd and even level receiver plasmids are used in a recursive schemafor assembly initerative 'loops'. Any assembly (except for L0 part composition into a L1 transcriptional unit) requires the usage of 4 donorplasmids (each ina specific position) and one receiver plasmid. BsaI is used for assembly into odd levels using kanamycin selection, and SapI is used in even levels using spectynomycin selection.Loop odd receivers use theCommon Syntax standard for L0 part assembly into TUs (Patron,et al.2015 [10.1111/nph.13532]). Then, 4 L1 plasmids (positions 1-4) are assembled into aneven receiver plasmid to provide a L2 assembly (4 TUs). For higher level assemblies the same assembly structure is followed, 4 L2 plasmids (positions 1-4)with anodd receiver to yield a L3 assembly (16 TUs). TheLoop type IIS assembly protocol is based on: “Patron, NJ (2016) DNA Assembly for Plant Biology. Current Protocols in Plant Biology 1:1-13 [doi: 10.1002/cppb.20038]”, but with slight modifications for DNA concentrations: Thisprotocol uses a target amount of each donor DNA of 15 fmol and 7.5 fmol forreceiver plasmid DNA in a 10 µL reaction. In order to performaccurate dispensing, the plasmid DNA is diluted to their correspondingconcentration of 15 fmol/µL for donor parts and of 7.5 fmol/µL for the receiver plasmid, and then 1 µL of each plasmid is added to the DNA mix.Theplasmid part target concentration(in ng/uL) equals to eachdonor plasmid length / 100, and of the receiver plasmid length / 200. Volumes CAN be reduced by half, but expect more variability from aliquoting.
Structured Interview for Protocol Use v1
Authors: A. Palinkas Lawrence
Published: March 2019

This article describes the Standard Interview for Evidence Use (SIEU), a measure to assess the level of engagement in acquiring, evaluating, and applying research evidence in health and social service settings. Method: Three scales measuring input, process, and output of research evidence and eight subscales were identified using principal axis factor analysis and parallel analysis of data collected from 202 state and county child welfare, mental health, and juvenile justice systems leaders. Results: The SIEU scales and subscales demonstrate strong internal consistency as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The SIEU is easy to use and can be administered as a complete scale or as three smaller scales to separately examine evidence in acquisition, eva-luation, or application. The measure demonstrates potential in understanding the role of research evidence in service settings and in monitoring the process of evidence-based practice and application of scientific principles in social work practice.
Coding Manual for Childhood Obesity-Relevant Policy Documents v2
Authors: Yanovitzky Itzhak , S. Weber Matthew
Published: March 2019

This is a new version of the protocol - after doing our study, we found that codes x through y didn't really help us much so we changed them in particular ways •Studies about policymakers’ use of research evidence frequently track ‘evidence’ as opposed to tracking ‘use’. •Policymakers use evidence to inform their thoughts and decisions but also to influence those of others. •Policymakers’ communication with and about evidence is a reliable proxy of how and for what purpose they use evidence. •Methods from the field of persuasive communication can yield a rich and nuanced account of policymakers’ evidence use. This is a protocol to code documents about the policymaking process using a theory-grounded content analysis methodology. It looked at policymaking within U.S. Congress and the type and content of documents and evidence that was cited in deliberations