bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Master's-Level Clinical Training: A Ten Year Appraisal
Authors:   , Guydish Joseph
Published: February 2023

The present study is a program evaluation of clinical psychology training at Fort Hays State University, aimed at gathering consumer oriented information regarding achievement of programmatic goals as well as program strengths and weaknesses. Program goals were examined and stated, and hypotheses were generated based on these goals. Information regarding research hypotheses was gathered from two survey groups: (1) Those students completing the clinical psychology training program from 1971 to 1981, inclusive and (2) Initial post-degree employers of the more recent graduates (1977-1981). Results confirmed most research hypotheses, indicating achievement of all stated programmatic goals. Incidental findings and program strengths and weaknesses are discussed, and suggestions for positive programmatic modification are presented.
Decreasing Speech Volume of Mentally Retarded Adults Using Feedback and Social Reinforcement
Authors:   , Young Ann
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the conditionability of mentally retarded adults with speech intensity disorders using feedback and various schedules of reinforcement. A voice volume feedback apparatus was used in training with six female subjects who spoke too loudly. Five of these subjects also received social reinforcement in the form of verbal praise when they spoke at an appropriate level. Subjects were randomly assigned to feedback only, continuous reinforcement, fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, and variable ratio conditions. The results indicated that: the combination of visual feedback and social reinforcement were effective with these subjects, as they were able to significantly (p= .001) decrease voice volume. Information on the schedules of reinforcement alone was inconclusive due to the confounding effect of change in room size. The decreases in speech volume did appear to generalize to a non-training setting. Explanations of the results are discussed and several improvements for future application of the method are suggested.
The Recruitment of Foreign Service Personnel in Taiwan Since 1950
Authors:   , Hwang Johnson
Published: February 2023

In an early civilized country like China, the Chariot Diplomacy emerged many years before with its colorful practices. If we look back some twenty-four centuries, we see that there have been many states on the Asiatic Continent. Numerous diplomats have scored remarkably well with their meritorious records, thrilling sophistry and solid achievements, glorifying the pages of our ancient history.
America's Nuclear Family
Authors:   , Nolan Jennifer
Published: February 2023

I am attracted to clay because it allows me to express my concepts in three dimensions with a small amount of unpredictability. It also helps me remember my connection to the land, clay being a natural material.
A Search for Visual Meaning Using Linear Construction and an Exaggerated Palette
Authors:   , Salter Shan
Published: February 2023

To establish the main purpose of this thesis, let me start with identifying the subject matter - the human form. Being studies in abstraction, these forms are not discernable at first glance, for they are only points of departure, the true meaning lying in the emotional element evoked. Although there are a few distinguishing lines to close in the figure, the most important aspect of my paintings and my goal in painting them was to find the human element in a personal manner using a linear construction and an exaggerated palette, as the interpreters.
A Comparison Of Therapeutic Heating Modalities And Stretching Techniques To Increase Hip Flexion
Authors:   , Stapleton Amee
Published: February 2023

Individuals can positively benefit from increasing flexibility. These benefits include: preventing injury, improving blood flow to soft tissues, improving posture, and decreasing low back pain. Traditionally, stretching is used to increase flexibility. However, stretching in combination with heating modalities have shown to increase flexibility as well. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD) on hamstring flexibility using static stretch versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facility (PNF) contract relax as compared to superficial heat and static stretch. This study examined 30 college-aged individuals who had 90º or less of hip flexion. Participants were randomly divided into one of three groups: pulsed shortwave diathermy combined with PNF contract relax stretching, pulsed shortwave diathermy combined with static stretching, or moist heat pack combined with static stretching. The participants had a pre-test hip flexion measure followed by a heating and stretching protocol three times a week for five weeks and finished with a post-test measure. There was a significant difference in pre- and post-test scores of flexibility in the PSWD combined with PNF contract relax stretching group (t=13.5171 and p= < .001), PSWD combined with static stretching group (t=12.2241 and p= < .001) and moist heat pack combined with static stretching group (t=6.4398 and p=.0001). There was a significant difference between post-test scores of flexibility between the PSWD combined with PNF contract relax stretching group and the PSWD combined with static stretching group (t=2.4687 and p=.0122) and the PSWD combined with PNF contract relax stretching group and the moist heat pack combined with static stretching group (t=3.0917 and p=.0035). There was no significant difference in post-test scores of flexibility in the PSWD combined with static stretching group and the moist heat pack combined with static stretching group (t=1.1984 and p=.1247). This study concluded PSWD combined with PNF contract relax stretching technique had the greatest increase in range of motion over a five-week period. In order for athletes to gain maximum range of motion results, athletic trainers should use a combined approach of PSWD application followed by a PNF contract-relax stretching technique.
An Exploratory Study of Self-Concept
Authors:   , Stafford Debra
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate self-concept in selected groups of college students. The impact of five independent variables upon self-concept was investigated. The five variables were: college classification levels; sex-class membership; age levels; CPA levels; and Self-Criticism levels. The sample consisted of 130 students selected from four classes on the campus of Fort Hays State University. The instrument used was the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Five hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Three of the hypotheses were rejected and two were accepted. Results of the present study indicated that a difference did exist among the mean self-concepts for different college classification levels. Graduates had significantly higher self-concepts on the following scales: Physical Self; Moral Ethical Self; Social Self; Self-Satisfaction; Behavior; and Self-Esteem. It was found that juniors had significantly lower self -concepts on the Physical Self Scale, Moral Ethical Self Scale, Social Self Scale, Self-Satisfaction Scale, Behavior Scale, and Self- Esteem Scale. Sophomores had significantly higher self-concepts on the Social Scale, Self-Satisfaction Scale and Self-Esteem Scale. Freshmen had significantly higher self-concepts on the following scales: Physical Self; Behavior; and Self-Esteem. No significant differences were found to indicate that a difference existed among the mean self-concepts for different age levels or different GPA levels. The following significant differences existed among the mean self-concept for different self-criticism levels: on the Family Self Scale, a significantly higher mean was found for total self-criticism level three and a significantly lower mean on total self-criticism level one; on the Social Self Scale, total self-criticism levels three and two had significantly higher means and total self-criticism level one had significantly higher means. The results of the present study would seem to support the following generalizations: (1) differences exist among college classification levels; (2) males and females differed in terms of self-concept pertaining to physical self; (3) Self-Concept is independent of age of co11ege students; (4) Se1f -concept is independent of GPA of college students; and (5) there is a relationship between self-concept and self-criticism.
Watercolor as a Medium of Creative Expression
Authors:   , Shouse Mary
Published: February 2023

The problem of the modern artist is not intrinsically different from that of the artist of any age. While men of science seek to break the physical bounds in which our world is confined to seek new life in the seemingly infinite reaches of space, the artist will seek to find his own window looking up on the infinite. This piercing through the dark is not a matter for consideration of the artist alone. His must be the gift of light to all mankind. Yet, in his search for truth and beauty, the artist is confronted with a number of problems which make necessary a wide variety of choices and decisions on his part. One of the most important of these decisions is the choice of a medium in which to clothe his ideas. This choice will in turn depend on several factors. One of the most pertinent of these is the artist’s own temperament and method of working. The choice of watercolor as a medium was, on my part, at first a matter of expedience; it seemed best suited to the conditions under which I should have to perform as a student of art. But almost with the first brushful of color, the challenge of watercolor as an expressive medium became apparent. After that experience there was no turning back. To use watercolor effectively as an expressive medium I have found that, performance is necessary preliminary to the actual painting. This includes much sketching, planning, and thinking. The conceptual idea of the picture I am about to paint lives with me, and I with it in a sort of communion. Finally there comes a day and an h our when the vision can begin to take shape on the paper. I say begin, because the idea does not often emerge clearly at the first painting. The search may lead to another and better idea, or the first vision may be lost in the clutter, to be vaguely visible, only to be clarified later. The subject may be something near at hand: white roses, a weed, a bit of grass, or the city on a rainy night. The subject may be compounded of many experiences such as the daily mystery of the setting sun. What is pictured is not so much what has been seen as what has been conceived. A painting of a tree does not merely represent a tree; it more nearly represents all trees and the elements of birth and growth, of conflict and conquest, of life and death which are present in all creation, and especially in the life of man. After all preparations have been made, the actual painting of the picture becomes a matter of instantaneous decisions in which quick brush strokes are applied to the paper. Indeed, it is this urgency of execution which constitutes the real challenge of using watercolor as an expressive medium. Even if preliminary sketching on the paper has been done, there is a host of decisions to be made in the flick of an eye as the work progresses. This necessity points up an unending quest. When there is no longer any impetus to search, when the artist's technique has congealed into a formula, when he thinks he has produced the perfect picture, then it is time for the painter to look within himself. His life as an artist has come to an end.
Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes of People Termed Mentally Retarded and People Termed Normal
Authors:   , Mann Alvin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the investigator was to investigate knowledge and attitudes of normal and mentally retarded people concerning human sexuality. A further purpose was to investigate the ways in which the knowledge and attitudes of mentally retarded people are similar and different from people termed normal concerning sexuality. The results of the present study would seem to support the following generalizations: (1) the similarities in knowledge of the retarded subjects and the normal subjects concerning human sexuality would appear to be due to a common cultural background; (2) the differences in knowledge of the retarded subjects and the normal subjects concerning human sexuality would appear to be due to a lack of sex education for the retarded; (3) the similarities in attitudes of the retarded subjects and the normal subjects concerning human sexuality would appear to be due to a common cultural background; and (4) the differences in attitudes of the normal subjects and the retarded subjects concerning human sexuality would appear to be due to the normal subjects ability to use resources such as reading to better advantage than the retarded.
An Ecological Study of the Vertebrates of a Streambank Community in Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Smith Jerrell
Published: February 2023

This investigation was conducted on Big Creek near Hays, Kansas. The study area, in the mixed-prairie association, is in the post-climax stage of succession. The principal plants of the area were: American elm, green ash, catalpa, Virginia wild rye, giant ragweed and western wheatgrass. The principal purpose was to make a complete list of the vertebrates, and to describe, as far as the data permitted, their ecological roles in the study area. Several methods were employed to sample the various populations. Amphibians were collected by hand, reptiles by means of barrier traps, and small mammals by snap traps. In the case of birds and large mammals observations and other indications of their presence was the only means of identification. A total of 165 amphibian specimens representing six species, five genera, four families and two orders was collected. The reptiles were composed of 15 specimens representing 16 species, 14 genera, and five families. Ninety species of birds representing 10 genera, 69 families and 12 orders were observed. In the case of the small mammals, 218 specimens were captured in a total of 2160 trap nights representing seven species. Large mammals present in the area either permanently or sporadically were composed of 14 species, 13 genera, nine families and five orders. Considerable information pertaining to food habits, habitat preference, and seasonal migrations was recorded.
Multidimensional Scaling of Nonclient Preferences About Psychotherapy
Authors:   , Campbell Bob
Published: February 2023

A multidimensional scaling method was applied to nonclient preferences about psychotherapy as a beginning step toward establishing the basic dimensions along which therapy preferences may be described. Fifty-one therapy preferences statements were generated on the basis of a conceptual framework involving a miscellaneous category and Rosen’s (1967) five a priori categories (Counselor Attributes; Counselor Personality; Counseling Procedures; Problems and Topics; Counseling Resources). These preferences were then presented to 84 nonclient university students in the form of a card deck, with one preference typed on each card. Participants were asked to sort the 51 preferences into five categories on the basis of similarity. The number of times any two preferences were placed together was recorded and entered into a data matrix. The matrix was then analyzed by the ALSCAL program in the SAS computer system. A four-dimensional solution appeared to provide the most satisfactory representation of the data. Dimension 1 seemed to represent the preferences in terms of what type of help is preferred: preference for a non-psychotherapeutic, medical type of help seemed reflected at the positive end of this dimension while preferences for a psychotherapeutic relationship seemed reflected by the negative end. The positive and negative extremes of Dimension 2 appeared to represent preferences about therapist attributes and therapy content (problems and topics), respectively. The third dimensions seemed to have one uninterpretable end while the other end seemed exemplary of preferences with regard to therapy resources. Dimensions 4 also appeared to have an uninterpretable extreme, with the other extreme seeming to concern preferences about therapy procedures. These findings were discussed in terms of the adequacy of Rosen’s categories as a conception of the domain of therapy preferences. While the results appeared to confirm four of the categories, none of the categories seemed to clearly reflect the non-psychotherapeutic extreme of Dimension 1. Also, the Counselor Personality category appeared to be only partly and obliquely reflected in the psychotherapeutic extreme of Dimension 1 (and to a lesser extent in the extremes of any other dimension). It was suggested that whether Rosen’s categories need refinement could best be determined by further studies to investigate the reliability of Dimension 1. These studies would need to include items that made a clear distinction between preference for help afforded by an interpersonal relationship and preference for help afforded by the application of a relatively impersonal procedure (e.g., course of medication, relaxation exercises). Finally, the present findings were viewed as suggesting that it may be closer to an individual’s experience to construe therapy preferences as unipolar dimensions (involving greater or lesser quantities of a characteristic) rather than as true, bipolar dimensions.
The Combination of Animal and Organic Forms in Wood
Authors:   , Stevens Charles
Published: February 2023

A collection of photographs of wood sculptures.
Microhabitat Selection and Pit Effectiveness of Myrmeleon Immaculatus Degeer Antlion Larvae in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Carrow Sarah
Published: February 2023

I tested four abiotic environmental factors (soil surface temperature, light, soil moisture, and soil particle size) on the habitat selection of antlion larvae (Myrmeleon immaculatus DeGeer: Myrmeleontidae). 101 larvae were maintained and tested under laboratory controlled conditions. Larvae made habitats in intermediate soil particle size, unshaded habitats, and in habitats of dry soil significantly more often than expected by chance. No preference was demonstrated for habitat selection concerning the soil surface temperature within the range of temperatures provided. The handling time of prey by the antlion larvae did not differ among treatments. However, time for prey to encounter a pit was, in some treatments, positively correlated with pit diameter. The results suggested that antlion larvae might select habitats that allow for efficient pit construction to improve the chance of capturing prey.
Privileged Information : Subjects' Attitudes and Behavior
Authors:   , O'Hara Kirk
Published: February 2023

The present experiment was designed to assess the subject's attitude and overt behavior towards release of privileged information. It was a completely randomized 2x2x2 factorial with the following three independent variables: (a) participation or nonparticipation in an experiment, (b) receiving a survey requesting either personal or impersonal information, and (c) receiving the survey in either a group or individual setting. The two dependent variables were the subject's attitude (as shown by a 5-point Likert scale) concerning release of privileged information to be placed in the subject's official University file and the subject's actual behavior as shown by his depositing the survey in either a box marked \For Official University Files \ or \Confidential -- For Experimental Purposes Only.\ It was hypothesized that more subjects in the experiment condition would consent to release of the information than subjects in the no experiment condition. It was also hypothesized that more subjects in the individual setting would consent to the release than subject s in the group condition. The results showed that females were significantly more amenable towards release of the information than were males and that there was a moderate positive relationship between a subject's expressed attitude and the subject's overt behavior.
Subtleties
Authors:   , Robl Phillip
Published: February 2023

In our surroundings, many subtle markings and variations of color go largely unnoticed or ignored. Surfaces, such as those found on weathered traincars, alley walls and oil tanks, show their history through many layers of paint which have been applied by people and attacked by the elements.; resulting in very rich surfaces of partial layers of paint, one on top of the other.
The Effects of Cattle Enclosures on Small Mammals
Authors:   , Hanzlick William
Published: February 2023

An investigation to determine the effects of cattle exclosures on the habits and activities of small mammals within and surrounding these protected areas was conducted from September to November of 1958. Four exclosures located in a 750 acre moderately grazed mixed prairie near Hays, Kansas that were sampled included a shortgrass exclosure, a little bluestem exclosure, and two exclosures diagonally dissected by a transition area. Live-traps were placed inside each exclosure in a grid with 10 feet intervals. The species, sex, and approximate age of each individual were recorded. Each exclosure was live-trapped from 10 to 14 days. Snap-traps were used outside each exclosure to determine the distance the marked rodents travelled from within the exclosure. Four concentric rings of snap-traps were placed around each exclosure. The rings were 10 feet apart and the intervals between traps varied from five to 10 feet. The snap-traps were checked daily at each exclosure for a period of seven to 14 days. The point contact method was used to determine the percentage composition and basal cover of the vegetation within and surrounding each exclosure. The principle species of small mammals captured during the study were (Peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis), (Microtus ochrogaster haydenii), (Sigmodon hispidus texianus), and (Onychomys leucogaster leucogaster). Peromyscus were the most commonly captured mammals at the four exclosures, and were generally taken in sparsely vegetated hillside areas. Microtus and Sigmodon were captured almost exclusively in the heavy vegetation within or adjacent to the protected areas. When Microtus and Sigmodon were found together, Sigmodon occupied the more favorably vegetated areas. Onychomys occurred in greatest numbers within or adjacent to sparsely vegetated hillside areas.
Parallelism in Romans
Authors:   , Biays Paul
Published: February 2023

This thesis concerns a study of the epistle to the Romans in light of the ancient Jewish poetical trait of parallelism. The intent is to show the influence of this poetical trait in Paula’s most systematic prose writing. No consideration of theological issues is taken up, for the study is conducted on a strict literary basis. Examples of parallelism are quoted from the American Standard Version and are written in such a way as to show the coextension of ideas. In the eighteenth century, Bishop Lowth finally saw through the strict prose printing of the 1611 King James Version of the Bible. This discovery is discussed as it pertains to the intent of the thesis. His lectures of Hebrew poetry are indeed epochmaking and have an important place in any consideration of Hebrew parallelism. John Forbes, who recognized the presence of parallelism in New Testament writers is also given a great deal of consideration. The entire epistle to the Romans has not been exhausted. Dispersed examples of parallelisms from the various chapters are called to the reader’s attention and commented on. The fourth chapter of Romans is treated in great detail to show that the Hebrew influence on Paul was pronounced enough to make parallelism the characteristic trait of this letter. Any of the sixteen chapters could have been used to illustrate the same point. Types of parallelism are unfamiliar to most students of literature, therefore great care is devoted to an explanation of synonymous, synthetic and antithetic parallelism. These three major types are often used in a specific form called “inversion”. Paula’s use of inverted parallelism is profuse and an extended explanation utilizing examples from both the Old and New Testament is given. The metaphoric element of the Hebrew language is important is understanding their use of parallelism. This element is discussed in relation to the correspondence of ideas. To simplify understanding and explanation of the various strophes, tristich (three clauses), tetrastichs (four clauses), pentastich (five clauses), and hexastich (six clauses) are used to define certain parts of long passages. For instance, eleven lines may be quoted from the Old Testament; the explanation of these lines may be quoted from the Old Testament; the explanation of these lines may first of all involve the first pentastich (the first five lines) and later, the concluding hexastich (six lines). The reader will notice the strong element of antithetical parallelism. Often, diatribes are the mode used to express antithetical ideas; at other times, Paul will begin a long discourse and write strophe after strophe of antithesis. Certainly, Paul can be understood, admired and enjoyed to a greater degree, if one is familiar with this very definite characteristic of his writings: that of parallelism.
Identification and Distribution of Sorex Cinereus and Sorex Haydeni on the Great Plains
Authors:   , Bartels Brian
Published: February 2023

Both Sorex cinereus and Sorex haydeni have been reported and mapped as occurring on the northern and central Great Plains. However, these species are difficult to distinguish and commonly are misidentified. Moreover, comments by various authorities on their geographic distributions and preferred habitats have resulted in confusion. I conducted discriminant function analysis to ascertain the identity of long-tailed shrews in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. I used genetically identified individuals as reference specimens. Discriminant function analysis revealed that the characters I measured cannot be used with confidence to distinguish between the species. Based on genetically identified specimens, S. cinereus and S. haydeni occur sympatrically in North Dakota and South Dakota, but only S. cinereus occurs in Nebraska and Kansas.
Lateral Eye Movements and Hemispheric Asymmetry
Authors:   , Graham John
Published: February 2023

The direction a person gazes while pondering a question has been shown to correlate with hemispheric activation. Verbal questions tend to elicit Lateral Eye Movements (LEMs) opposite the verbal hemisphere; nonverbal questions tend to elicit LEMs opposite the nonverbal hemisphere. Twenty-four right-handed male college students were observed for right, left or no LEMs via electrooculogram following verbal and nonverbal questions presented via slide projection and tape recording in a 2x2 factorial design. Results supported previous studies in that frequency of eye movement was greater for verbal than for spatial questions when they were presented via tape recording. There was no significant difference in the direction of LEMs following tape recorded verbal and spatial questions. Slide projected questions provided significantly stronger left LEM stimulation than tape recorded questions suggesting that visual presentation may enhance the effectiveness of questions in activating the right (nonverbal) brain hemisphere.
The Effect of Environment Context Upon the Content of Early Recollections
Authors:   , Holness Denzil
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the environmental context in which early recollections (ERs) were collected would exercise some effect on the nature of their contents. Twenty six female third-year nursing majors and twenty six female third-year education majors were asked to write three ERs each, under either major area classroom (In-Context) or Ecumenical Center (Neutral Out-Context) conditions. Two judges scored their ERs for the frequency of references to religious, medical-health, and educational-teaching themes. It was expected that the Ecumenical Center would not increase the frequency of religious themes, since neither student subject groups were in training for religious careers. It was expected, however that each specific subject group would produce more major- relevant themes in their major-relevant classrooms than in their major-irrelevant setting. There was a strong trend in the data supportive of the first hypothesis but to a lesser extent in the case of the second hypothesis. However, the trends in the data were promising enough to justify its replication with certain methodological improvements. From Adlerian theory one would have expected that each major group would have produced significantly more ERs supportive of their occupational choice, one major component of lifestyle, but such was not the case in this study. The value of this study would seem to lie in its suggesting another perspective from which ERs may be investigated in the absence in the literature of any attempt to do so.
Creative Dust: Final Beginning
Authors:   , Yoachim Jeff
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study in clay is to explore three-dimensional space through free forming pieces and the platter form.
Real Property Assessment Variations In Dickinson County, Kansas, and Their Effect On School Finance
Authors:   , Gilkison Robert
Published: February 2023

The problem of this thesis is indicated in the title, \Real Property Assessment Variations in Dickinson County Kansas and Their effect on School Finance.” This problem will be considered under two major phases: (1) a critical analysis of the 1938 assessment of all rural real property in Dickinson County, Kansas to determine what irregularities exist and what the cause for these irregularities appear to be, and (2) to ascertain the effect of these inequalities upon the financing of the public schools of the county. The schools in the two second class cities of the county will not be included in the study for little or none of the rural real property is included within these districts. The purpose of the study is to endeavor to formulate a plan for a more equitable means of assessment and to determine the probable benefit to be gained by the schools of the county through such a plan.
A Comparison of Personality Characteristics of College Football Players and Non-Football Athletes with an Emphasis on the Variable Aggression
Authors:   , Lynch Roger
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare personality characteristics of varsity football players and non-football athletes with an emphasis on the variable aggression. This study of aggression may aid in the abolishment of the belief that interscholastic football contributes to the building of over-aggressive tendencies. The scope of the study was to compare varsity football players and non-football athletes on aggressiveness at Fort Hays Kansas State College. This study was limited by these factors: First, it involved twenty-five varsity athletes of Fort Hays Kansas State College who had participated in football. Second, it involved twenty-five non-football athletes of Fort Hays Kansas State College who did not participate in interscholastic athletics. Third, the measurement of the degree of aggressive tendencies was limited to those evaluated by the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule.
A History of The National Group Settlements In Republic County, Kansas
Authors:   , Smith Ida
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a history of the early settlements of Republic County, Kansas covering the years 1806-1933.
A Factor Analysis of Verbal Ability
Authors:   , Reynolds Floyd
Published: February 2023

For many years the practical value of tests of intelligence, aptitude and other qualities has been demonstrated. As the “testing movement” has grown, a multitude of tests has been devised and is now available for testing of human abilities. Two of the most important attempts to understand intellectual abilities are found in the theories and methods of Spearman and Thurstone. There is a possibility that the statistical studies of these theorists have overlooked a valuable source of information, that is existing experimental information about different processes included in mental ability. It is this possibility that prompted this study.
Unveiling the Sanctity of the Jury
Authors:   , Koett Imelda
Published: February 2023

The jury is perhaps the most discussed and the least understood aspect of the American system of jurisprudence. The origin and development of the jury system are shrouded in mystery. Although most historians defend their own pet theories as to the origin of the jury, it is safe to say that no one has actually proven its parentage.
Modification of the Pascaul Equation for Steric and Field Influences
Authors:   , Shulsky Michael
Published: February 2023

This investigation was conducted to ascertain the extent of influence of these steric interactions on the chemical shift of the protons on the double bond of the olefin. Eventually, it is hoped that a new term can be added to calculations to accommodate steric influences.
Attitudes of Rural Nurses Toward Homosexuals and Willingness to Care for AIDS Clients
Authors:   , Hoskins Connie
Published: February 2023

Research on attitudes about Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) indicates that stigma and stereotyping of AIDS victims, homosexual or not presents a real problem in the delivery of quality, nurturant care. The purpose of this investigation was to see if a correlation existed between attitudes of rural nurses toward homosexuals and willingness to care for AIDS clients. A mail-survey aimed at registered nurses (N= 740) living in rural northwestern Kansas was employed. Sixty-four percent of the surveys (N = 471) returned were usable. Transcultural nursing and human care theory (Leininger, 1978) served as the theoretical framework for this investigation. Transcultural nursing is sensitive to the needs of diverse cultural populations within a society and asserts that knowledge or a given culture decreases potential bias and prejudice. The homosexual community can be viewed as a culture with its own set or beliefs and practices. A significant relationship(r=.41, p < .0001) existed between the variables, attitudes toward homosexuals and willingness to care for AIDS clients. If assigned, 82% of the respondents said they would not refuse to care for an AIDS client, and most (76%) felt they had enough information to protect themselves against AIDS in the workplace. Only 15 percent said AIDS victims should be quarantined. Data obtained from this investigation could lend support in formulating transcultural nursing models of care which could be used to direct educational programs geared to altering potential bias, beliefs and attitudes of nurses toward populations at risk for AIDS.
Direct Carving in Wood Emphasizing Line and Shape
Authors:   , Schanou Charles
Published: February 2023

Manuscript contains photographic slides not appended to this PDF.
A History of The Hays, Kansas, Daily News
Authors:   , Spangler Robert
Published: February 2023

The report of this history has been arranged to provide, first, an understanding of the background and antecedents of the Hays Daily News; second, a thorough description of the first issues of the new paper; third, a brief insight into the character and personality of the founder and editor, and fourth, a survey of the evolution of the daily from 1929 to the present. A summary of the study concludes the report.
The Smoky Hill Trail In Western Kansas, 1859-1869
Authors:   , Neyer John
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to point out the importance of the Smoky Hill Trail. The major emphasis is placed upon the section of the trail between the present day Ellsworth, Kansas, and the western boundary of Kansas, since this section has received but small notice in previous studies.
Possible Role of Integrins in Cervical Ripening During Late Pregnancy
Authors:   , Su Chiao-Ju
Published: February 2023

Integrins are Î±Î² heterodimeric transmembrane proteins. Integrins mediate cytoskeletal interactions at the inner face of the membrane and attach to extracellular matrix (ECM) at sites of cell substratum or cell-cell interaction to mediate adhesion, events. The biological functions of integrins include cell adhesion, cell spreading, cytoskeletal organization, cell migration, matrix assembly, and signal transduction. The extracellular matrix is composed of a variety of proteins (collagen, elastin), and ground substance (proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans) to form a meshwork surrounding stromal cells. Functions of the extracellular matrix include not only support but also include regulation of cell division, adhesion, cell motility, migration, and differentiation during embryonic development. Pregnancy involves both histological and biochemical changes in the cervix. Experimental evidence indicates that a variety of biochemical changes occur in the cervix during late pregnancy. These changes include increased hyaluronic acid concentration, collagen solubility and collagenase concentration. The vascularity of the cervix also increases. Dermatan sulfate concentration and collagen concentration decrease. Histological changes include collagen fibers becoming dispersed and disorganized; luminal epithelium undergoes stratification and folding, and becomes more vacuolated. It has reported that Î±1Î²I integrins induce downregulation of collagen gene expression and Î±2Î² I integrins mediate the induction of matrix metalloprotien-1 (collagenase). Recent studies indicate that collagenases are responsible for the degradation and loss of collagen fibers involved in the process of ripening and dilatation of the cervix in late pregnancy. These studies suggest that the integrin Î²1 subunits that bind to the cytoskeleton contain tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Tyrosine phosphorylation triggers several intracellular signaling protein complexes to transducer the signals into the cell interior. These signals can control gene expression in target cell, and change the cell's behavior. Therefore, we hypothesized that integrin Î²I subunits might regulate gene expression that influences histological and biochemical changes in the cervix during late pregnancy. In this thesis, we report that the mRNA for integrin Î²1 subunits was expressed at a higher level in late pregnant rats, compared with non-pregnant rats based on Northern blot analysis. The probe used for the Northern blots was a cDNA for rat integrin Î²1 subunit, encoded from a rat cerebral cortex oligodendroglia cDNA library, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cDNA probes were labeled nonisotopically and hybridized with cervical mRNA on nylon membranes. This experiment indicates integrin Î²I subunits may play an essential role in biochemical and histological changes associated with cervical ripening in rats.
The Costumes of Chaucer'S Pilgrims
Authors:   , Easterly Hettie
Published: February 2023

The collected poems from the pen of Geoffrey Chaucer form a volume of rare and delightful readings, readings which are of a tender and luminous beauty; they are woven with a tremulous ingenuity that frequently repels the superficial reader, tries the endurance of the casual reader, and interests and attracts the earnest reader. Students who enroll in a course in Chaucer will not find it drudgery but will thoroughly enjoy its sparkling beauty and brilliance. when work was started toward a Master's Degree, a season of study had been completed on Chaucer . There was a desire on the part of the author to combine Chaucer and art. After a conference with Dr. Coder, he granted his permission. Certain people had attempted to draw pictures of the Canterbury pilgrims, yet nothing authoritative had been done to ascertain these findings. The procedure seemed quite simple, but was indeed difficult; this was to be authentic. Every obtainable clue, giving a thin thread of hope, was completely and thoroughly examined. Bit by bit, the reconstruction of the mosaic of the long for gotten past has been brought to a conclusion . This thesis was written with the hope of contributing a better understanding, a clearer interpretation, and a greater appreciation of Chaucer's characters, that these may be to others, as they have been to me, a source of unfeigned delight.
Ideas in Clay Incorporating Slab and Coil Forming Methods
Authors:   , Doerfler Gerald
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis has been to create ideas in clay using the slab method and coil method of handbuilding to achieve an art form where each forming method is essential to the other and to the total piece. Throughout my entire thesis I used only the surfaces which result from the coil and pinch methods or surfaces scraped during the leather hard stage with a steel scraper. The form and surface are not complete without each other, but placed together are a fulfillment of a complete ceramic form.
Educating Across Borders, Communicating Among Cultures : The Rhetorical Impact of Culture on an International Partnership in Higher Education
Authors:   , Liu Qian
Published: February 2023

This thesis examines the partnership between Fort Hays State University, a public, state-supported institution in the United States, and Sias International University, a private university in China. The purposes of this thesis include analyzing the strategies that FHSU and Sias used to solve their challenges III intercultural communication and to meet the demand of Chinese culture related to the different understandings of distance learning and examining how and if those strategies worked. This thesis surveys the literature on international partnerships, intercultural communication, partnering with the Chinese, and distance learning. The study concentrates on the administration level of the partnership, but will include other levels as background. A five-step rhetoric analysis lays bare the intercultural strategies allied at meeting Chinese cultural demands.
Systematics of the Northern Grasshopper Mouse (Onychomys Leucogaster) on the Central Great Plains
Authors:   , Engstrom Mark
Published: February 2023

Systematic relationships of populations of the northern grasshopper mouse, Onychomys leucogaster, on the central Great Plains are assessed based on study of molts and pelages and on morphometric analyses. Variation in color of any one population of Onychomys on the central plains reflects differences in three developmental pelages, with two intervening, maturational molts, and one annual molt and pelage. Geographic variation in color of pelage is clinal, the dorsum gradually changing from pale in the west to darker in the east, whereas variation in mensural characters is slight and not entirely coincident with that of pelage. Two nominal subspecies of O. leucogaster, O. 1. arcticeps Rhoads to the west and O. 1. breviauritus Hollister to the east, have been recognized on the central Great Plains. These two taxa herein are regarded as synonymous, with the name O. 1. arcticeps having priority. Populations in Moffat and Jackson counties in the intermontane region of northwestern Colorado, currently recognized as pertaining to the plains taxon O. 1. arcticeps, are reassigned to the Great Basin subspecies, O. 1. Brevicaudus Merriam. Populations inhabiting the Missouri lowlands of northeastern Nebraska (herein referred to O. 1. arcticepts possibly should be reassigned to O. 1. leucogaster (Wied-Neuwied), but additional data are needed to substantiate this hypothesis.
General Dwight David Eisenhower: The Development of the Amphibious Assault in Europe
Authors:   , VanderGiesen William
Published: February 2023

A few days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrived at the War Department in Washington, D.C. to begin his assignment as chief of the Pacific planning section. This assignment marked the beginning of a war-time service that ultimately led to the command of the largest amphibious assault in modern history. His war-time service took him from Washington to London and then on to North Africa. From there, he commanded operations in Sicily and the Italian mainland, before returning to England for the Normandy invasion. As commander of nearly every major Allied landing in Europe, Eisenhower encountered numerous problems and dilemmas that, in turn, helped him develop a level of expertise in amphibious warfare that shaped his planning and command of the Normandy invasion. Eisenhower's education in amphibious operations began long before his first command during the Second World War, however. From assignments that began immediately after the First World War, he learned about the logistical requirements of invading hostile shores. Additionally, he served in the Philippines in the late 1930's and attempted to help develop a defensive plan to protect the islands in the event of invasion by enemy forces. Soon after the Second World War began, his education continued at the War Department, where he acquired an intimate knowledge of the command problems in the Pacific theatre in addition to learning the difficulties of supplying a two front war. From this post, Eisenhower moved to England to assume command of American forces in Europe. He participated in the planning for the anticipated European invasion in 1942 and, when that was cancelled, he assumed command of the invasion of North Africa. As the first major allied operation in Europe, North Africa served as Eisenhower's classroom on amphibious warfare. The lessons Eisenhower learned there shaped planning for the invasion of Sicily, and these lessons were again applied to the invasion of the Italian mainland. These lessons included technological innovations, the difficulty of assaulting a defended port, and the necessity of a unified command, along with others. The final test for Eisenhower came when he became the supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in preparation for the Normandy invasion.
John Wilkes and the Boston Patriots
Authors:   , Meyer Richard
Published: February 2023

An effective challenge to the activities of the English government in the 1760s was presented by John Wilkes. His vitriolic attacks on the chief ministers and on King George III established Wilkes and the forty-fifth issue of his newspaper, North Briton, as symbols of liberty. Exile and eventual imprisonment befell Wilkes because of his resistance to what he considered the arbitrary acts of the government during the decade, but these did not diminish his reputation as a friend of English liberty and its chief defender. In America during the 1760s there was also a growing resistance to the acts of the English government, and in the period certain American patriots began to link their cause with John Wilkes, who was a symbol of liberty. Letters were transmitted across the Atlantic by both Wilkes and the patriots, and, upon occasion, the Americans would send gifts to the English radical. More importantly, however, \Wilkes and Liberty\ and the symbolic use of the number \45\ were adopted by many Americans. Thus, John Wilkes played a significant role in establishing the environment necessary for the events of the 1770s.