bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chlamydia psittaci EN AVES PSITACIDAS EN DOS PARQUES ZOOLÓGICOS DE VENEZUELA
Authors: Leo Jose Rodriguez , Hernández Vianellys , Abou Orm Sandra , Diaz Yender , Camacho Daria , Naillet Arraiz , Useche Elianee
Published: August 2017

La determinación de Chlamydia psittaci (Cp) en aves psitácidas en parques zoológicos de Venezuela representa una estrategia de conservación y preservación para este grupo de aves, donde múltiples especies se encuentran amenazadas de extinción y otras han perdido su capacidad de reincorporación a su hábitat natural. A través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa anidada (PCR) fue amplificada la subunidad 16S del ADNr de Cp en 50 muestras de hisopado cloacal de aves psitácidas, reportando una frecuencia de 62 %. El trabajo fue realizado en el  Parque Zoológico Las Delicias (PZD) 8 % y el Aquarium de Valencia (AV) 54 %. La elevada frecuencia fue asociada a un genotipo de baja concentración y virulencia debido a la ausencia de signos clínicos de clamidiosis aviar. Estos resultados demuestran la necesidad de promover la detección de Cp, principalmente para el AV que actúa como centro de recepción de ejemplares de decomiso, y, al igual que el PZD, poseen otras especies vulnerables a la extinción con riesgo de infección a Cp.
Identificação de risco cardiovascular pela razão triglicerídeo/HDL-colesterol em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise
Authors: Moraes Luciana Leitão , Dos Santos Alinne Lorrany Gomes , Dias Luciana Pereira Pinto , Oliveira Dyanara De Almeida , Mafra Denise , Martins Isabelle Christine Vieira da Silva
Published: August 2017

***Identification of cardiovascular risk by triglyceride/HDL- cholesterol ratio in patients with chronic renal disease in hemodialysis***AIMS: To identify cardiovascular risk by triglyceride/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) and to verify its association with socio-demographic factors, clinical parameters and body mass index in patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis.METHODS: Cross-sectional study, in which patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis were evaluated. A non-probability convenience sampling was used. Sociodemographic data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire interview, and clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the medical records. For the identification of cardiovascular risk, the TG/HDL-c ratio was calculated from plasma triglycerides (mg/dL) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL). The cut-off point for TG/HDL-c considered to be indicative of cardiovascular risk was ≥3.8 mg/dL. For statistical analysis, the chi-square test was used, and the significance level was set at 5% (p <0.05).RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 49.9±13.2 years, being 28 women (50.1±13.2 years) and 43 men (49.7±13.2 years). Among the 71 patients, 31 (43.66%) had cardiovascular risk characterized by the TG/HDL-c ratio ≥3.8 mg/dL. In general, the profile of patients with and without cardiovascular risk was similar. However, in patients with cardiovascular risk there was a higher proportion of males (77.42%), while in those who did not have this risk, the female gender was more frequent (52.50%). This variable showed a significant difference between the groups with and without cardiovascular risk (p=0.011).CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis, the TG/HDL-c ratio identified a high cardiovascular risk index, which was significantly associated with males.
From the past to the future – glacial refugia, current distribution patterns and future potential range changes of Diodonopsis (Orchidaceae) representatives
Authors: Kolanowsca Marta , Rykaczewski Max
Published: August 2017

The distribution patterns of Neotropical orchid genus Diodonopsis were analysed and the location of its glacial refugia was reconstructed. The possible changes in the coverage of suitable niches of Diodonopsis representatives were evaluated using three different scenarios. The results of ecological niche modeling indicated that the range of studied taxa is in regression since last glacial maximum. The climatic niches of three Diodonopsis species are well separated.
Management Strategies and Outcomes for VHL-related Craniospinal Hemangioblastomas
Authors: Ordookhanian Christ , Kaloostian Paul E. , Ghostine Samer S. , Spiess Philippe E. , Etame Arnold B.
Published: August 2017

Hemangioblastomas are rare and benign tumors accounting for less than 2% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The vast majority of hemangioblastomas occur sporadically, whereas a small number of cases, especially in younger patients, are associated with Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) syndrome. It is thought that loss of tumor suppressor function of the VHL gene results in stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha with downstream activation of cellular proliferative and angiogenic genes that promote tumorigenesis. VHL-related hemangioblastomas predominantly occur in the cerebellum and spine. Lesions are often diagnosed on contrast-enhanced craniospinal MRIs, and the diagnosis of VHL occurs through assessment for germline VHL mutations. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment modality for symptomatic or worrisome lesions, with excellent local control rates and neurological outcomes. Stereotactic radiotherapy can be employed in patients who are deemed high risk for surgery, have multiple lesions, or have non-resectable lesions. Given the tendency for development of either new or multiple lesions, close radiographic surveillance is often recommended for asymptomatic lesions.
Estimating measurement uncertainty for particulate emissions from stationary sources
Authors: Woollatt GB
Published: August 2017

The estimation of measurement uncertainty with regards to hazardous air pollution emissions from stationary sources is currently the most uncertain element associated with respect to obtaining relevant, valid particulate matter (PM) emission data in South Africa. This project is aimed at developing an appropriate method to evaluate the uncertainty associated with PM measurements conducted for stationary source emissions in the South African context. A series of In-Stack measurements were taken in accordance with recognized international methodology (ISO 9096:1992 and 2003) on two different industrial processes, representing a compliant and non-compliant scenario. A comparison between the two scenarios was made in an attempt to establish what components of the sampling technique have the greatest error. The overarching goal of this project was to establish an estimate of the cumulative uncertainty on the final emission values obtained, inclusive of both analytical, field sampling and process related variables that may result in a cumulative error associated with quantifying stationary source PM emission values. The results of the study found that the estimated combined expanded uncertainty for both sets of data was calculated to be between 62 – 72%. Upon closer analysis of the data it was ascertained that the data obtained were inadequate and the calculation of the uncertainty of the results both with the compliant and non-compliant sampling campaigns revealed that the variability of the results was too great for both scenarios to make any statistically valid observations or conclusions about the data. In lieu of this the author has developed an alternative tool (a sampling suitability matrix) for assessing the quality and reliability of reported emission figures. It is expected to add significant value to the interpretation of the quality and reliability of the final emission results reported.
ultrastructural analysis v1
Authors: Song Kai , Fu Jianxin , Song Jianhua , H Herzog Brett , Bergstrom Kirk , Kondo Yuji , Michael McDaniel J. , McGee Samuel , Silasi-Mansat Robert , Lupu Florea , Chen Hong , Bagavant Harini , Lijun Xia and
Published: August 2017

Mouse kidney tissues were harvested, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) and embedded in paraffin. All sections (3 micrometers in thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS, Thermo Scientific) or Masson’s trichrome staining (MTS, Sigma) according to the standard procedures or manufacturer’s instructions. For transmission electro micrographs (EM), kidneys were fixed in Karnovsky’s fixative containing 2% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1% cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2 for 2 hrs at room temperature, followed by postfixation with 1% osmunim tetraoxide in cacodylate buffer for 90 min at 4˚C and mordanting with 1% tannic acid in cacodylate buffer.. Ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined with a Hitachi H-7600 transmission electron microscope located in the Imaging Core Facility of the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. We followed previously described histological scoring methods (33).
The Differentiated Directions of Psychological Correction in Families with Children with Asthma
Authors: Nikolskaya Tatyana I. , Galitsyna Elena Yu.
Published: August 2017

The current article analyzes the parental defensive styles, codes and types of upbringing in families with children diagnosed with asthma in comparison with families of healthy children. The study involved 80 families. Of these, 41 families with children with asthma (41 mothers and 37 fathers) and 39 families with children without chronic diseases (39 mothers and 38 fathers). It was revealed that the fathers of children with asthma differ in educational insecurity, and mothers have persistent educational stereotypes that interfere with effective interaction with the child. In mothers of children with asthma, non-adaptive protective styles predominate, and fathers distort, whereas in the parents of healthy children adaptive protective styles are expressed. With the cluster analysis, three groups of families with children with asthma are distinguished, differing in the level of effectiveness of family functioning. The conjugation of violations of family functioning and the severity of the asthma in a child was determined. Based on the data obtained, differentiated directions of psycho-correction for families with children with asthma are described, depending on the severity of the child's disease and the level of effectiveness of family functioning. A trial program of psychological correction was conducted, according to the described directions. The analysis of the results of the second study showed the effectiveness of the proposed program of psychological correction for families with children suffering from bronchial asthma.
85 years of teaching latin in St Petersburg state pediatric medical university (the first 50 years in the history of the department of Latin)
Authors: Ivakhnova-Gordeeva Anna M. , Bakhvalova Olga Yu.
Published: August 2017

The article outlines the early formative years in the history of the Department of Latin language in the Pediatric Medical Institute and traces the development in approaches to teaching Latin medical terminology, first introduced in 1932. After the abolition of gymnasium education the higher school had to deal with a lack of knowledge of classical languages. At the beginning, teaching Latin as the language of medicine was based on traditional methods of gymnasium education. Archival documents show the subject scope of the department which was in constant search for text material and special means of target training of medical students. Methodological problems of teaching and criteria for evaluation of knowledge were being gradually developed over the years in discussions with teachers at department meetings. The article offers details on the life and achievement of the first head of the department Konstantin P. Avdeev, together with an analysis of his scientific and practical activities. Avdeev’s wide interests and erudition come to the fore in his active work as a lecturer at a number of scientific organizations in Leningrad. Having amassed a unique library of over 7 thousand volumes, he was a famous bibliophile, an expert and a collector of bookplates (ex libris). The depth of his knowledge and a wide range of interests have shaped the values and promoted a creative approach to teaching medical Latin that still remains an important part of teaching the subject to first-year medical students. The article also provides brief information on Nora N. Zabinkova, his successor, whose activity has coincided with qualitative changes in the methods of teaching Latin. These changes were inspired by professor Maxim N. Chernyavsky, the head of the Department of Latin at the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The Department of Latin in Leningrad Pediatrical Medical Institute was among the few in first introducing and then spreading the new methods of teaching Latin and medical terminology in all medical schools across the country.
Detection, diagnosis and clinical tuberculosis in children with hiv infection
Authors: Vasilieva Elena B. , Lozovskaya Marina E. , Klochkova Ludmila V. , Yarovaya Iulia A. , Noskova Olga M.
Published: August 2017

The problem of combination of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV remains relevant. Majority of HIV patients are young adults, 90% of which are women of childbearing age, thereby increasing the perinatal HIV transmission rate. In 2014 in Saint Petersburg, >5,000 children with perinatal contact HIV were reported and >300 children were confirmed with HIV infection. We present a comparative analysis of the case histories of 20 children with TB-HIV and 30 with tuberculosis without HIV infection. The analysis identified several cases of delayed diagnosis. In >50% of the cases, the diagnosis of HIV infection was confirmed after 1 year. Four children with HIV infection were diagnosed at school age and connected to suspected cases of tuberculosis. The clinical detection of TB occurs more commonly in children with HIV infection than in those without HIV infection (25% and 5%, respectively). In both groups, tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes was predominantly observed; however, generalized forms of TB were also diagnosed in the group with co-infection (25% of the cases). HIV patients often have decreased body mass, low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and anemia. Hepatosplenomegaly was equally observed in both groups. More than one third (35%) of patients with co-infection had negative sensitivity to tuberculin, and Diaskintest was positive in 50% of the cases. The prevalence and severity of TB in children with HIV infection correlates with the severity of immunosuppression.
The role of hypocalcemia and vitamin D3 in pathogenesis of phobias in chronic autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Stroev Yuri I. , Sobolevskaya Polina A. , Churilov Leonid P. , Utehin Vladimir J.
Published: August 2017

Today, autoimmune Hashimoto´s thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones are involved in almost all metabolic processes, their deficiency leads to disruption of metabolic processes in all organs and systems, which is the reason for the rich clinical picture and variety of symptoms of hypothyroidism. The deficiency of thyroid hormones also has a significant negative impact on a person's mental health, identifying a diverse clinical picture – from mild disorders to serious mental disorders. For hypothyroidism, such psycho-neurological changes as drowsiness, weakness, loss of interest in the surroundings, loss of memory and intelligence are also characteristic. Delirious and delirious-hallucinatory conditions are described, as well as anxious and depressive conditions. Hypothyroid psychoneurological disorders have recently become more common, and therefore their diagnosis and correction are becoming more urgent. Persons with hypothyroi dism often mistakenly go not to the endocrinologist, but to a psychiatrist and receive therapy, but psychotropic drugs and antidepressants in hypothyroidism don´t give the proper effect and even are contraindicated. Hypocalcemia is very often observed with Hashimoto´s thyroiditis, it can be explained by autoimmune parathyroiditis with a hypoparathyroid clinic, that is, with autoimmune thyroiditis, the function of parathyroid glands may be disrupted. The article presents the results of our own research. A group of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism was examined. Complaints, anamnesis and clinic of the disease, levels of TSH, thyroid hormones, total and ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus, vitamin D3 were studied.
Features of delivery in patients with perinatal fetal death
Authors: Ivanova Lidiya A. , Titkova Elena V.
Published: August 2017

The article presents the features of the course of the birth act in patients with perinatal fetal death, in comparison with the control group of women who gave birth to children who survived 7 days of life. The comparison of the anthropometric data on the parturient (weight at the time of delivery, the results of pelviometry), the incidence of various anomalies of the bone pelvis in women, the sex of the newborn, the timing of delivery, the presentation of the fetus, the duration of the anhydrous interval, the first, second and third periods of labor, Epidural anesthesia, perineotomy and episiotomy, the imposition of obstetric forceps, the imposition of a vacuum extractor, the provision of a medical sleep, labors induction, labors stimulation, amniotomy, manual examination of the uterus cavity, blood transfusion) and surgical delivery by cesarean section. A number of significant differences in the main group and the comparison group that can be regarded as predictors of perinatal fetal death are revealed. For example, women with various abnormalities of the pelvis, in particular the uniformly deformed and transversely pelvic pelvis, children born from premature pregnancy, in the pelvic presentation, with a reduction in the duration of the first period of labor, an increase in the duration of the second and third periods of labor, are at risk for perinatal fetal death, Performance of amniotomy, manual examination of the uterine cavity, blood transfusion at the puerpera. At the same time, the frequency of most obstetric manipulations in both groups does not differ significantly.
Inherited disorders (dysplasia) of the connective tissue. Which of the two existing national recommendations is preferable?
Authors: Zemtsovsky Eduard V. , Timofeev Evgeniy V. , Malev Eduard G.
Published: August 2017

The article describes the current algorithms of diagnostics of inherited (dysplasia) of connective tissue (DCD) that are currently in force in the territory of the Russian Federation, compared in terms of identification of morpho-functional cha racteristics of heart. Describes the shortcomings of these algorithms do not take into account the gender features of the prevalence of signs. According to the algorithm, developed by experts of Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC), highlight dysplastic phenotypes, most of which is now a marfanoid habitus (MH). Revision of the diagnostic algorithm, which takes into account the specificity of individual MH bone signs and their gender dimensions. It is proved that for young people with MH is characterized by increased frequency of cardiac anomalias (atrial Septal aneurysm, the functional asymmetry of the aortic valve), identified structural features heart-relative myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle, increasing the diameter of the aorta. The features of heart rate in patients with MH – relative tachycardia during daylight hours, reducing the symptoms of sinus arrhythmia, decreased heart rate variability power spectral. It is shown that for boys with MH is characterized by lengthening the electrical systole (QT interval), 21.4% of cases greater than 480 Ms. At the same time, the DCD diagnostic algorithm that is described in the recommendations of the Russian Scientific Society of therapists (RSSIM leads to over diagnosis this condition in young age does not allow to identify the structural and functional features of the heart and could not be recommended for practical use.
Biochemical profile of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of various gravity and its correction with Remaxol
Authors: Trashkov Alexander P. , Brus Tatiana V. , Vasiliev Andrey G. , Artyomenko Margarita R. , Pechatnikova Valeria A. , Gumennaya Maria A.
Published: August 2017

Despite the long period of studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, its timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment remains one of the most pressing problems of medicine. However, the arsenal of effective and safe medicines used for this task is limited. The goal of this study was to elaborate a model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of varying severity in laboratory rats, and to analyze the influence of hepatoprotector medicine Remaxol upon the dynamics of biochemical parameters in experimental groups. The model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in laboratory rats permits to reproduce disease of va rying severity: semi–light severity of the disease (non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis) and average degree of severity (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). The introduction of the test drug was carried out daily during 10 days of experiment starting from day 28th. Used model in experimental animals was characterized by the development of bilirubinemia, cholesterolemia (mainly due to triacylglycerides), activation of peroxidation, cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. The severity of metabolic disturbances in the rats depended on the severity of the simulated disease. The analysis of the functional activity of the liver changes on the background of the application of Remaxol was performed for 11 parameters, yielding a complete picture of their condition. Distinct therapeutic effect of infusion of Remaxol on the model of liver steatosis (mild fatty liver) and in models of moderate severity (steatohepatitis), aimed at correcting observed violations was demonstrated in the study.
Сerebral oxymetry in neonatology
Authors: Evsyukova Inna I.
Published: August 2017

The frequency of disturbance the functional development of newborn brain after intrauterine and birth asphyxia determines the necessity the finding objective methods of timely diagnosis the alteration of brain oxygenation for the target therapy. During last years the special attention of investigators was attracted to use for this purpose in newborns the noninvasive, informative and portable method near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Cerebral oxymetry successfully used for estimation brain circulation of the blood and blood volume in the brain vessels with combination constant monitoring blood pressure. This review outlines the basic principles, advantages NIRS technology in clinical studies brain oxygenation in healthy full term and premature newborns and also after asphyxia, vacuum extraction and cesarean section. Monitoring brain oxygenation in newborns which received cooling after heavy asphyxia permits during first 10 hours after birth to prognosis unfavorable outcome or fix the further strategy of treatment cerebral ischemia. Presented clinical use this method for treatment premature newborns with respiratory distress and circulatory insufficiency. It may help to determine the optimal target oxygen saturation. It is alsow useful monitoring during intensive therapy of extremely preterm neonates, due to the risk of impaired cerebral blood flow auto regulation in these patients. Indicated the perspectives of cerebral oxymetry in neonato logy for new diagnostic, treatment and prophylactic perinatal CNS damage.
Experience teaching cycle "Examination of temporary disability" in Saint Petersburg state pediatric medical university
Authors: Orel Vasily I. , Gureva Natalya A. , Menshakova Iryna V. , Sharafutdinova Lyubov L.
Published: August 2017

The main purpose of the temporary disability expertise is to evaluate the patient's health status, the quality and effectiveness of the treatment, the ability to carry out professional activities, as well as determining the extent and timing of temporary disability. One of the main tasks of examination of temporary disability, along with the adoption of science-based decisions about the patient's working capacity and determination of temporary disability is the identification of the employee long-term or permanent disability to the established procedure for survey on mediko-social examination. Regulatory documents there are levels of examination of temporary disability in a medical organization: the attending physician and the medical Commission of the medical organization. The right medical organization for conducting work and services in examination of temporary disability is determined by the presence of the license for medical activity and the examination of temporary disability. The participants in the expert process should have a document enhance the skills of professionals involved in the declared works (services). This article presents the experience of the Department of social pediatrics and public health, faculty of postgraduate and additional professional education SPbSPMU for training physicians, Deputy chief physicians in the examination of temporary disability, chairmen and members of medical commissions, the organization and carrying out examination of temporary incapacity.
Serum and peritoneal fluid levels of ischemia modified albumin in moderate/severe endometriosis
Authors: Gok Koray , Tasci Yasemin , Dilbaz Berna , Demirtas Selda , Ozdemir Sedat , Caglar Gamze Sinem
Published: August 2017

Background: Recently, the role of oxidative stress in progression of endometriosis has been reported. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a marker of protein oxidation and very limited number of studies has evaluated the role of IMA in endometriosis. This study was designed to evaluate the serum and peritoneal fluid IMA levels in moderate/severe endometriosis as a marker for oxidative stress.Methods: This study was designed as a prospective controlled clinical trial. The study group consisted of 35 cases who underwent laparoscopy and with a diagnosis of moderate/severe endometriosis. The control group (n=35) was cases without endometriosis that underwent laparoscopy for tubal sterilization. The serum and peritoneal fluid IMA levels were measured spectrophotometrically by colorimetric method with complex of albumin non-binding cobalt and dithioerthreitol.Results: Although the median serum IMA levels in study and control groups were similar (p=0.553), the levels of peritoneal fluid IMA were significantly higher in study group (p=0.044). In endometriosis cases with dysmenorrhea peritoneal fluid IMA levels were much higher than cases without dysmenorrhea (p=0.018).Conclusions: The increased levels of IMA in peritoneal fluid of endometriosis support the possible role of oxidative stress in endometriosis. With this study, peritoneal fluid IMA levels are initially documented in endometriosis cases.
Awareness, attitude and preference of long-acting reversible contraceptives by Tanta University contraceptive clinic attendants
Authors: Dawood Ayman Shehata , Dawood Abdelghaffar Said
Published: August 2017

Background: Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) had a very high efficacy in lowering unintended pregnancies and their poor health sequalae. Although their reported efficacy, these methods are not widely used among patient’s due to non-awareness and faulty concepts linked to these methods.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the degree of awareness, attitude and preference of LARC by attendants of Tanta University contraceptive clinic in the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. All patients were counseled with thorough discussion about LARC methods. The following issues were determined: age, parity, mode of previous delivery, residence, medical diseases, socioeconomic state of family, type of LARC method used, how she know about this method and why she preferred that type.Results: 391 women underwent this study with age range of 21-46 years, and BMI range of 20.46-31.87. LARC were preferred by 72.38% of patients and mainly IUDS (52.94%) while other LARC methods were of very low awareness. Most patients take their knowledge from paramedical staffs (49.87%). Occupation, education, residence and religion were not affecting patients' attitude and preference of one LARC over the other methods. Age was the most effective factor for determining whether to use LARC or not. Counseling revert a lot of faulty concepts and misbelieves about LARC.Conclusions: LARC were not widespread among Tanta University attendants for contraception except for IUDs. Young patients had no motivations towards LARC due to a lot of faulty concepts that need a lot of work to be eradicated.
Association of FSH receptor promoter’s polymorphisms with IVF-failure in Iranian women
Authors: Bonyadi Khadijeh , Damavandi Elia , Chibine Hamid , Kabuli Majid , Aghahosseini Marzieh , Ghadami Mohsen
Published: August 2017

Background: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene shows five Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region at positions -29, -37, - 114, -123 and -138 that have been reported to be associated with higher levels of FSH and various ovarian responses to FSH in IVF (In-vitro fertilization) treatment at different populations.  Hence, they are important regulators of hormone activity at the target level in IVF process. This study was performed to investigate the association between FSHR gene polymorphisms and IVF failure in Iranian women.Methods: SNPs in the promoter region of FSHR gene were analyzed by PCR and direct sequencing technique in 90 women in three equally sized groups of IVF failure, IVF success and normal fertile women, using genomic DNA extracted from white blood cells.Results: No significant differences were found in allelic variants frequency and genotype distribution between each category of subjects when analyzing the FSHR SNPs in the promoter region (p-value >0.05).   However, analysis of the data revealed that the subjects with A/A genotype at the –29 position received higher amount of exogenous FSH for ovulation induction compared to G/G genotypes.Conclusions: These results indicate that the FSHR SNP at position –29 may influence sensitivity of the FSHR to FSH for ovulation induction in IVF treatment.  It may be concluded that the A/A genotype at position –29 is associated with poor ovarian response to FSH so that subjects with A/A genotype at the –29 position may require higher doses of exogenous FSH for ovulation induction during IVF process.
Feto maternal outcome in eclampsia after 28 weeks of pregnancy: vaginal delivery versus caesarean section
Authors: Madan Bhawna
Published: August 2017

Background: Eclampsia is the occurrence of convulsions or coma unrelated to other cerebral condition with signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. Objective of present study was the comparison of maternal and fetal outcome of women with more than 28 weeks gestation complicated by antepartum eclampsia when terminated either by caesarean section or by vaginal delivery.Methods: 200 Women with more than 28 weeks of gestation with antepartum eclampsia were studied from admission to discharge or death. Depending upon the mode of delivery, they were divided into two groups: C.D. group. Where caesarean section was performed and V.D. group, where vaginal delivery was carried out. Maternal and Perinatal outcome were studied in the two groups and compared.Results: Of the 200 cases, caesarean section was done in 40% of the cases, while vaginal delivery was carried out in 60%. Maternal complications were seen in 15% of the cases in the C.D group and 60% of the cases in the V.D. group. Maternal deaths occurred in none of the case in the C.D group and in 33% of the cases in the V.D group. The incidence of live births, still births and neonatal deaths was 87.8%, 2.43% and 9.75% respectively in the C.D group, while it was 49.16%, 45.16% and 9.67% in the V.D group The Corrected perinatal mortality was 9.75% in the C.D group and 43.55% in the V.D group. Apgar score less than 5 at l minute was seen in 35% cases in the C.D group and 82.35% cases in the V.D group.30% of the cases in the C.D group and 76.47% of the cases in the V.D group required NICU admission.Conclusions: Timely caesarean section reduces maternal and Perinatal mortality and improves their outcome in antepartum eclampsia, especially in women with more than 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in elective obstetric and gynaecological surgeries-a descriptive study
Authors: Mohan Jayanthi , T. Thangaroja , Menon Maya
Published: August 2017

Background: Wound infection is a common complication of obstetric and gynaecological surgeries. It is not clear whether single dose perioperative prophylaxis with antibiotics is sufficient to prevent wound infections. This study was conducted to assess whether perioperative single dose antibiotic is effective in preventing post-operative infections in women undergoing elective obstetric and gynaecological surgeries.Methods: Participants were administered a single dose of 1gm Cefotaxime intravenously before obstetric and gynecological surgery and followed up for the incidence of post-operative complications such as wound infections, wound resuturing etc.Results: Study included 154 electives obstetric and gynecologic cases. 86 were obstetric cases and 68 were gynecologic surgeries. For gynecologic surgeries Cefotaxime injection 1g IV was given 30 minutes before surgery and for obstetric surgeries the same was given after cord clamping. Incidence of febrile morbidity was 5.8% in obstetric cases and 10.3% in gynecologic cases. Incidence of wound infection was 2.32% in obstetric cases and 1.47% in gynecologic cases. Three cases had wound infection, the organisms isolated in wound infection were E. coli, Pseudomonas, Methicillin resistant staphylococcus which were sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactum and linezolid. The mean duration of hospital stay was 8.2 days in obstetric and 8.03 days for gynecologic patients.Conclusions: Single dose Cefotaxime prophylaxis is equally effective compared to conventional multi-dose antibiotic therapy. It is cost effective and safe for both obstetric and gynecological surgeries.
A clinical study to compare drain versus no drain in post cesarean section
Authors: Bindal Jyoti , Munda Geetanjali
Published: August 2017

Background: Cesarean section is one of the commonest hospital based surgical procedure in obstetric mainly done to facilitate delivery in case where vaginal delivery is either not feasible or poses undue risk to mother, baby or both. The most common complications of CS are superficial surgical site complications including sepsis, seroma formation and breakdown.Methods: A prospective study done on 100 patients admitted in labour room of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamla Raja Hospital, G.R.M.C., Gwalior between November 2015 to March 2016. Study divided into two groups: group I, including women who had no subcutaneous drain left and group II, including women who had a subcutaneous drain left before closure of the skin; Each group has 50 patients. The study included term pregnant women with pre-operative Hb >9 gm%, BMI >30 kg/m2 and were taken for emergency cesarean sections (for cephaloppelvic disproportion, fetal distress, abnormal presentations) with no intraoperative complications (hemorrhage, blood transfusion).Results: VAS median grade in patients without drain was G3 (46%), followed by G2 (28%), G4 (14%). VAS median grade in with drain group was G2 (68%), followed by G1 (24%) and then G3 (08%). Wound infection was noted in 4 (08%) patients in both the groups. Both groups were administered same group of intravenous antibiotics for 5 days. The mean hospital stay in patients without drain were 9.4 days and patients with drain were 8.2 days. The mean haemoglobin in patient with drain was 8.6 gm% and patients without drain was 9.4 gm%. Wound seroma in 13 cases and superficial breakdown in 4 cases in non-drain group versus 5 cases and 2 cases in drain group respectively. There is significant difference in postoperative pain and non-significant difference in postoperative fever.Conclusions: Patients in with drain group have reduced rates of wound seroma, postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, but there is insignificant benefit regarding post-operative fever, superficial SSI, wound breakdown and hemoglobin concentration.
Prevalence of ovarian tumours among ovarian mass lesions in Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India
Authors: Bindal Jyoti , Bankey Sangeeta
Published: August 2017

Background: Ovarian tumor is one of the most common gynecological tumors seen in female although there are different types of ovarian tumor but epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women. It is often called the “silent killer” because the disease is not often detected until it reaches an advance stage.Methods: This observational study conducted on 130 patients from February 2015 to March 2017 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior. Clinical details of the patients included age, gynaecological and obstetric history, presenting symptoms, and surgery details. Histopathological reporting was done at our Pathology department.Results: Out of total 130 patients with ovarian tumours studied 49.2% were > 60 years of age group, most of them were nullipara (53.8%), 54.6% with ovarian tumours presented after one-year development of symptoms. most of the symptoms were vague and nonspecific. Benign tumours were the most prevalent (79.2%), 19.2% were malignant tumours and 1.5% were borderline. Histological pattern of distribution of ovarian tumour shows that most of ovarian tumour were surface epithelial tumour (72 patients) followed by germ cell tumour (58 patients). Age wise distribution of study population showed that most of the surface epithelial tumour were more common in 3rd to 5th decade while most of germ cell tumour were more frequent in 2nd and 3rd decade.Conclusions: For better prognosis and patient survival, early detection and treatment is mandatory, which may reduce mortality. There is need to increase awareness of population. Abdominal and pelvic bimanual examination should be carried out in every patient presenting with gynecological problem. Appropriate investigations in post-menopausal women in early period to diagnose the disease at an early stage.
Effectiveness of prenatal teaching on prevention of breast engorgement
Authors: S. R. Padmasree , Varghese Linda , S. Krishnan Aswathy
Published: August 2017

Background: Breast engorgement is a major issue in the early postpartum period under the influence of hormonal shift and increase milk production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevention, recognition and management of breast engorgement.Methods: Quasi Experimental, quantitative study conducted in AIMS, Kochi among sixty mothers by Convenience sampling technique. The design used was pre-test post-test control group design. A semi structured knowledge questionnaire, Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Tool and an Observational checklist were used to collect the data. Prenatal teaching provided to the Experimental group.Results: The mean pre-test knowledge level of control group was 9.83 and the post-test knowledge was 10.03. In the Experimental group, the mean pre-test level was 10.20 and the post-test level is 20.76. The ‘t’ value of control group was 0.71 and that of Experimental group was 12.83 which was highly significant at 0.001 level. There was a significant increase in knowledge score in Experimental group. Comparing the breastfeeding practices regarding positioning and attachment in both groups, showed a significant difference at the level of 0.001 but other two aspects, sucking and swallowing were not significant. Comparing the incidence, 13.3% mothers reported in experimental group whereas 63.3% in the control group, which showed a remarkable decrease in the incidence of breast engorgement in the former group.Conclusions: The prenatal teaching was effective in improving the health of mothers as well as practices of breastfeeding and it helped in reduction of the incidence of breast engorgement.
Fetomaternal outcome in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: a retrospective study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Pillai Shobha Sreedharan
Published: August 2017

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. In India, they account for the third most important cause of maternal mortality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcome and complications in cases with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 110 women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia in a tertiary care referral centre over a period of 15 months. Only those cases with initial B.P reading of ≥160/110 mm Hg or presenting with eclampsia were included in the study. Investigations and management were carried out as per standardized department protocol and maternal and fetal outcomes were analyzed.Results: 42% of the cases were in the age group of 26-30 years, nearly 61% were primigravidae and the majority (64) were referred from peripheral hospitals. Liver function tests were deranged in 19% of the patients and 17% had abnormal renal function. Nifedipine was the most commonly used antihypertensive and magnesium sulphate was the anticonvulsant used in all the cases.  Lower segment caesarean section was the mode of delivery in 64.5% of the cases. Commonest maternal complication was atonic PPH. There was no maternal mortality but there were 3 maternal near-miss cases due to DIC. 65% of the cases had a preterm delivery and 39% of the babies needed NICU admission. There were 10 neonatal deaths.Conclusions: Accessible health care and health education and awareness regarding antenatal check-ups for all women will lead to early detection of severe preeclampsia.  Prompt treatment and management of its complications will certainly improve the maternal and fetal outcome.
Obstetrical outcome in women with congenital uterine anomalies
Authors: Liston Poonguzhali , E. Gomathy
Published: August 2017

Background: Congenital uterine anomalies are associated with higher incidence of reproductive failure and adverse obstetrical outcomes. The association of congenital anomalies and early pregnancy loss has been well established but its adverse effect on late pregnancy in from of malpresentation, preterm deliveries has not yet been elaborated. Thus, this study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital uterine anomalies.Methods: This is a retrospective study evaluating the obstetric outcomes of 32 patients with congenital abnormalities.Results: Among 32 women with uterine anomalies 6 delivered preterm, 16 malpresentations were seen (50%).Infants born to mothers having congenital uterine anomalies were of lower birth weight. Therefore, it can be concluded the women with congenital uterine anomalies had a higher risk of malpresentation and preterm deliveries. They also had a higher incidence of small for gestational age neonates.Conclusions: Presence of congenital uterine anomalies has adverse effect on obstetrical outcome. This knowledge warrants the need for a larger case control study to extrapolate these findings to the general population and also to recommend the need for universal Prenatal Screening for uterine anomalies so as to improve the obstetrical outcome in patients with uterine anomalies.
Relevance of sociodemographic characteristics in care of HIV reactive pregnant women in the context of upscaled antiretrovial therapy in India
Authors: Samant Padmaja Y. , Puri Juhi Jayadev
Published: August 2017

Background: The burden of HIV and AIDS comes with social, monetary and health related consequences. HIV is reported to be a pandemic, but the maximum burden of the disease is in the low and middle income \ countries. In obstetric context, sociodemographic factors influence health seeking, compliance and adherence to the advised regimen. These determine vertical transmission. Present study was undertaken to study the demographic characteristics among pregnant and postpartum HIV positive women, to study the high risk obstetric conditions, morbidities and obstetric outcome, among the women, to study the neonatal outcomes among HIV reactive women and to study the postnatal choices and compliance in these women.Methods: The study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethics committee. All antenatal patients delivering at the institute in the one and a half year of study duration, who consented to be a part of the study, were enrolled in the study. The mother-baby pair was followed up for six weeks postpartum.Results: Eighty patients formed the study cohort as per the inclusion criteria. 44% belonged to the age group of 26-30 years. 56.2% had attended up to secondary schooling, 55% belonged to class III of the Kuppuswamy socio-economic class, 96.2% were married. 91.2% were homemakers. 41.8% spouses were seropositive, 25.3% spouses were not willing to be tested. 75% were registered pregnancies out of which 56% had registered before 20 weeks of gestation. 25% of neonates weighed between 2.7-2.9 kg closely followed by those more than 3 kg. Fifty-four patients opted for top feeding (66.7%). Seven mother-baby pair did not follow-up.Conclusions: Social class and educational status play a vital role in establishing awareness and ensuring the antenatal care and compliance. Empathetic, inclusive and responsive by health care providers in convincing women to get tested goes a long way.
Prevalence, clinical presentation and complications of diabetes mellitus in obstetric patients attending a medical college hospital
Authors: Joshi Prajakta Ganesh , Joshi Ganesh Arun
Published: August 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) may be present in the patient before the conception or it may appear during pregnancy. Obstetric management shall ensure prevention of diabetic embryopathy and early detection and management of diabetic complications in pregnancy.Methods: A descriptive observational study was undertaken on participants from a Medical College Hospital. The pre-existing medical disorders, blood sugar, routine antenatal investigations, type of delivery, ultrasound findings, complications of delivery, foetal outcome etc. were recorded. The participants were advised diet, exercise and pharmacotherapy. The intranatal and postnatal events were recorded. The results were compared with related literature.Results: The study had total 89 participants. Five participants (5.6%) had abnormal blood sugar values. Out of these, 2 participants were having pregestational DM and 3 were having gestational DM. Although all the participants who had abnormal blood sugar levels required caesarean section, two could not be operated. One participant with gestational DM who did not follow management advice delivered a macerated still born baby after shoulder dystocia. Another participant having gestational DM, who complied strictly as per dietary advice and exercise, could be managed well without insulin and delivered a healthy baby. The requirement of insulin increased in pregnancy in patients with pregestational diabetes.Conclusions: It is essential to ensure compliance on all three pillars of management of diabetes viz. diet, exercise and insulin during pregnancy. Hence health education for diabetes with special emphasis on obstetric care in pregnancy with diabetes should be promoted.