bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LATEST LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND ANTIBIOGRAM TESTING OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
Authors: Kaul Vinod , Zeyaullah Md. , Alalyani Mesheil
Published: August 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, after the human immune-deficiency virus (HIV). Millions of people die because of this disease. Tuberculosis is treatable disease, patients can be saved provided the disease is timely diagnosed. With the ambitious World Health Organization (WHO) goal to end the global TB epidemic, by 2035, with the targets of a 95% reduction in TB deaths and a 90% reduction in TB incidence (both compared with 2015). It becomes essential to focus on rapid laboratory diagnosis of the disease and subsequently starting effective first line treatment. The techniques reviewed in this paper, are conventional to automated culturing procedures. Moreover, among rapid techniques included Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification, Line Probe Assay, Ligase chain reaction, Real time PCR. The serological techniques include Gamma interferon release assays, Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. The old conventional manual techniques for culture have been replaced by more rapid and reliable automated techniques. As long as speed of reporting is concerned the automated culturing procedures have been supplemented by real time PCR which gives report of culture and antibiogram testing report within hours. It has been justified, in order to achieve the goal set by WHO, for the eradication of TB, it is essential to improve detection techniques, including latent forms of the disease as well and timely identification of resistance strains. Real time PCR would fulfil thiscriteria, which can be performed even on OPD basis. This technique can be used as commonly as Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining techniques were once used.
Detection of luxS gene expression under stressing factors for biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii
Authors: Romero Danitza Xiomara , AlegrÃ­a Oscar VÃ­ctor CÃ¡rdenas , Olguin VÃ­ctor Hugo Cavero , Aliaga MarÃ­a Teresa Ãlvarez
Published: August 2018

Gene expression constitutes an important role in cellular communication, setting mechanisms for biofilm formation. Genes can be used as molecular markers to monitor viability, stability and maintenance of biofilm eg. in biofilm reactors, bioremediation and biotransformation frequently under stressing conditions to enhance or limit the biofilm formation. In the present study, no pathogenic microorganisms of industrial interest were used. Propionibacterium freudenreichiisubsp. shermanii DSM 4902T and P. acidipropionici DSM 4900Tstrains cannot produce biofilm in culture conditions previously reported. In this regard, chemical culture conditions were modified to stimulate biofilm formation in both strains and determine that under stressing conditions such as 0.6 M NaCl, 1.8 M glucose and 10 gL-1 yeast extract both Propionibacterium produce biofilm. Finally, luxS expression was identified in biofilm of both strains by modified fluorescent in situ hybridization expression (FISH expression).
1,3-PROPANEDIOL: STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIUM TO IMPROVE PRODUCTION BY Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 791
Authors: Wischral Daiana
Published: August 2018

Biodiesel is a promising alternative biofuel, and as its production increases, so does production of the principal co-product, glycerol. The present study is aimed at maximizing the glycerol consumption and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production by C. beijerinckii DSM 791, using sequential experimental design methodology for optimization of nutrients concentration for the fermentation medium. Three sequential experimental designs were performed: Plackett-Burman, fractional factorial and central composite rotational. The following nutrients of the medium were evaluated: urea, yeast extract, C2H3NaO2, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, MgSO4.7H2O, MnSO4.H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, glycerol, butyric acid, glucose and CaCO3. Urea, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, MnSO4.H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, butyric acid, glucose and CaCO3 were removed from the medium optimization since they had an insignificant statistical effect on 1,3-PDO production. The optimal concentrations of yeast extract, C2H3NaO2, K2HPO4 and glycerol predicted by the optimization were as follows (g/l): 0.5, 0.005, 5 and 8, respectively, which were validated experimentally. Desirability function allows the maximization of the 1,3-PDO production and percentage glycerol consumption simultaneously, which resulted in yield of 0.58 mol/mol of 1,3-PDO and 100 % of glycerol consumption. The results showed that the use of sequential experimental design and the use of the desirability function led to the optimization of the 1,3-PDO fermentation by C. beijerinckii DSM 791.
Effect of a mixture of Centellaasiatica and Ginger on skin wound of cat
Authors: BouftiraIbtissem Dr , KyawZar Aung
Published: August 2018

The present study shows the effect of a mixture of C.asiatica and Z.officinale (Ginger). The plants powder was applied on injured cat skin caused by accident, with a proportion of 5g of each plant powder. After one week of treatment, the diameter of the wound skin decreases from 4 to 2 cm. The wound disappear totally after two weeks. The result can be explained by the effect of Asiaticoside (triterpene glycoside) present in C. asiatica powder on the wounded skin. The ginger act by its anti-inflammatory effect, the powder contains inhibitors against prostaglandin biosynthesizing enzyme (PG synthetize).
Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Cunila spicata Benth. (Lamiaceae) Based on Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers
Authors: Delamare Ana Paula Longaray , Echeverrigaray Sergio , Albuquerque Marcos , Zacaria Jucimar
Published: August 2018

Cunila spicata is an endangered aromatic and medicinal plant of South Brazil. In the present paper, the ISSR technique was employed to study the intra- and inter-population genetic diversity of this species. Nine primers generated a total of 109 amplification products, most of which were polymorphics. Low genetic diversity at population level (HE= 0.053) and species level (HT=0.196), and high differentiation among populations (GST= 0.727) were detected in C. spicata. The genetic diversity, low estimated genetic flow and absence of correlation between genetic distances, geographic distances and chemical composition, indicates that genetic drift and inbreeding may be the main factors involved in the genetic structure of C. spicata. Based on these findings, strategies are proposed for the genetic conservation and management of this species.Â
C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira maxima LJGR1: production, extraction and protection
Authors: Antonio Emma
Published: August 2018

C-phycocyanin (C-PC) overproduced by Arthrospira maxima LJGR1 under high urea and salt concentrations was extracted by different methods and evaluated as an antioxidant activity. A. maxima was grown in flat plate photobioreactors, using modified Zarrouk medium with 624 mg L-1 urea and 15 g L-1 NaCl to produce 11 mg C-PC L-1d-1. Agitation, sonication at 35 and 45Â°C and enzymatic lysis of the cell wall were tried. The C-PC yields, purity and inhibition of the oxidant radicals (DPPH & ABTS) obtained by the best extraction methods were 215 mg C-PC g-1, 0.74, 92% and 29%; when agitation and 221, 0.75, 87% and 27% using sonication at 45Â°C. Chia mucilage and amaranth flour coatings best preserved C-PC antioxidant activity from temperature variations and up to six days shelf life at 20Â°C. An activation energy of 160 kJ mol-1 has been obtained with chia mucilage, and the least color degradation rate (râˆ†E*) of 4.2 d-1 with amaranth flour.
Biogenic synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles via optimization of nitrate reductase Enzyme using statistical experimental design
Authors: Zaki Sahar
Published: August 2018

Statistically designed experiments were proceeded to evaluate nutritional and environmental parameters that affect nitrate reductase enzyme (NR) activity in Achromobacter sp. KT735046. Plackett-Burman design was performed for screening and identifying efficiently the significance of 15 culture conditions influencing NR activity. FeCl3Â·6H2O, Na2MoO4Â·2H2O and CuSO4.5H2O were the most significant variables positively influencing, whereas pH was the most significant negative contributors. The optimal levels of significant factors were further predicted from five level factorial designs, Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum parameter values were CuSO4.5H2O (60.375) mg/l, FeCl3Â·6H2O (240 mg /L), pH (6.135) and Na2MoO4Â·2H2O (150 mg /L). The biogenic Iron oxide nanoparticles "IONPs" were characterized; the dark brown IONPs exhibit maximum absorption from 400 to 464 nm, XRD reveals crystallite rhombohedral hematite, EDX confirms presence of 62% of iron, TEM illustrates formation of tiny IONPs, 1.4 and 2.8 nm in size, Î¾ potential and PDI recorded -42.9 mV and 0.268 respectively exhibiting high stability and monodispersed with no agglomeration by the help of biomolecules. This study conclude that Achromobacter sp. KT735046 consider being biofactory for synthesis nanoparticles by the help of NR enzyme andÂ  it may be the first time to optimize Achromobacter sp. KT735046 for IONPs biosynthesis using statistical designs.Â
AIRLIFT BIOREACTOR FLUID-DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATIONFOR THE CULTIVATION OF SHEAR STRESS SENSITIVEMICROORGANISMS
Authors: Rossi MÃ¡rcio JosÃ© , Nascimento FX , Giachini AJ , Oliveira VL , Jr A Furigo
Published: August 2018

Airlift bioreactors are considered very efficient for aerobic cultivation of microorganisms. In particular, for the cultivation of filamentous fungi, where low shear rates may be required. In this context, the main aim of this study was to design an airlift bioreactor built with an external loop, adequate for biomass production of microbial organisms, including ectomycorrhizal fungi. A 5-L airlift bioreactor was constructed and experimental studies performed under an air-salt solution system (0.15 mol/L NaCl), in order to characterize the reactorÂ´s fluid-dynamic in relation to the superficial gas velocity (Ug) in the range of 0.001 to 0.020 m/s. In order to evaluate the performance of the reactor, a preliminary assay was conducted with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogonnigrescens. Better gas separationreflected in better liquid circulation and higher oxygen transfer (0.0197 1/s at 1 vvm) when compared to an operating, 2.3-L prototype airlift. According to this study, volumetric coefficients for oxygen transfer (kLa) up to 0.020 1/s (specific airflow rates of 1.0 vvm) are sufficient to promote the growth of shear stress sensitive microorganisms, such as ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Improving the anti-oxidation of glucose oxidase with computer-aided structure optimization
Authors: Jiang Zheng-Bing , Song Hui-Ting , Xiao Wen-Jing , Yang Yi-Min , Zhao Yong , Gao Yuan , Liu Shi-Hui , Liu Zi-Lu , Xia Wu-Cheng , Li Rong , Li Nuo-Nan
Published: August 2018

Glucose oxidase (GOD) can be inactivated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced during glucose oxidation; thus, H2O2 is a competitive inhibitor of GOD. In this mechanism, methionine (Met), a sulfur-containing amino acid, can be oxidized by H2O2and converted into methionine sulfoxide, thereby inactivating GOD. In this study, to block GOD oxidation, the two-dimensional structures of three mutants were designed with computer-aided analysis, and the complex structures of GOD mutants and their substrate glucose were determined using the CDOCKER algorithm. Three mutant GODs and the wild-type GOD were expressed in Pichia pastoris. After purification, the activities and anti-oxidation capacities were evaluated. The activity of GOD was decreased substantially from 3.24 U/Î¼g in the wild-type protein to 0.05 U/Î¼g in the GOD-M523L-M524L mutant; in contrast, the activity of GOD-M524L-M528L was not different from that of the wild-type protein. Because the activity of GOD-M523L-M524L was negligible, we did not evaluate its anti-oxidative effects. However, the mutant GOD-M524L-M528L had better anti-oxidation capacity than the wild-type GOD. These results were consistent with the results of computer-aided analysis, suggesting that this method may be useful for enzyme structure optimization.
Involvement of the Selenium Level in Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Gravesâ€™ Disease and Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: MSEDDI Malek , GARGOURI Bochra , MNIF Fatma , ABID Mohamed , GUERMAZI Fadhel , ATTIA Hamadi , LASSOUED Saloua
Published: August 2018

Disturbed antioxidant enzymes activities was known to be associated to Auto-Immune Thyroid Diseases (AITD), but it is noteworthy that the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed the lowest activity and a selenium (Se) deficiency may be the major cause.Â  Most studies conducted on AITD are focused on the effect of the Se supplementation on the evolution of these pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Se level in plasma of Gravesâ€™ disease (GD) and Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT) patients and its relationship with the redox status of these AITD. For this purpose, the Se levels as well as the GPx activity were evaluated in the plasmas of 33 patients with AITD. Results were compared with those of 27 healthy controls and among the two groups of patients. Results concerning GD and HT patients revealed lower Se levels by comparison with healthy controls (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Just like the Se, the GPx activity was found to be significantly lower in GD and HT patients compared to controls (p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively). The comparison between AITD groups showed higher Se level for the HT group (p<0.05), whereas, no significant differences were noted for the GPx activity. The correlation study showed positive correlation between Se level and GPx activity in HT group (r=0.64, p<0.01); and negative correlations between Se and anti-thyroglobuline and anti-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor levels in GD group (r= -0.71, p<0.05 and r= -0.73, p<0.05 respectively). As a conclusion, our findings have shown that the Se deficiency may be involved in the redox misbalance in HT; further investigations are mandatory to elucidate the origin of the reduced GPx activity in GD patients.
Evaluation of Candida guilliermondii cell growth and one-pot fermentation for xylitol bioproduction
Authors: Modesto Luiz Felipe A. , Temtemples Manuela , Seidl Peter Rudolf , Jr. Nei Pereira
Published: August 2018

Xylitol is a polyalcohol with a high sweetener power that presents healthy benefits when compared to sucrose, such as prevention of caries and metabolism only partially dependent on insulin. Its bioproduction, besides being within the context of Biorefiney and Green Chemistry, presents advantages when compared to the traditional chemical process. This study analyzed Candida guilliermondii IM/UFRJ 50088 cells growth for three different operational strategies, two of them conducted on shake flasks and the other one held on instrumented bioreactor. The latter provided the best results, achieving a maximum cell productivity (Qx max) of 0.61 g/L.h while reaching cell concentrations higher than 20 g/L. For the one-pot fermentation assay, despite low xylitol yield (YP/Sâ‰ˆ0,1g/g) obtained, which shows that further research is necessary, the propagation steps were successful.Â
IMPLEMENTATION OF "PEST-ENTOMOFAG" PROCEDURE IN BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF COTTON IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Kh.K Yakhyaev , Kh.Z Abdullaeva
Published: August 2018

The problem of development of optimum plans of biological fabrics work for release of useful entomophages (trichogramma, bracon, laxe wing) against the cotton pests (Heliothis armigera) for different zones with using the methods of modeling and programming has been examined. The period of â€œownerâ€™s developmentâ€ (Heliothis armigera) and optimum periods of release of useful entomophages in dependence on weather conditions of the year were defined on the basis of algorithmsâ€™ working out.
A Carbohydrate Hydrolysis Enzymes encoding Genes in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Gedela Ravi
Published: August 2018

Neurospora crassa, NCU05882.7 (423aa) and NCU09774.7 (303 aa) (NCU, Neurospora 7 crassa unit) genes encoding a Cellulase, which hydrolysis the Cellulose. In addition to that, 8 reporting here other 35 Carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes encoding genes in N.crassa. A 9 metagenomic analysis for multiple sequences alignment and Phylogenetics analysis, the evaluated 10 result showed high sequence similarity and 99% homology to the other class of fungi; in the 11 bacterial species showed extremely very less sequence similarities and 100 % homology. 12 Where as in inter species between fungi and bacteria, the results showed extremely less sequence 13 similarities and 97 % homology. The studies on physiochemical properties of Cellulase using 14 GeneDoc, the evaluated results showed Cellulase was an amphoteric (polor), aromatic, aliphatic 15 and highly repeated amino acids of glycine and proline. These metagenomic studies could help 16 to straightforward isolation of Cellulase enzymes from NCU05882.7 (Chromosome/Linkage 17 Group-VII), NCU09774.7 (Chromosome Linkage Group- II) and other 35 Carbohydrate 18 hydrolysis enzymes encoding genes in N.crassa.
Study genetic diversity in maize inbreds and improved hybrid vigor in hybrids produce to determine commercial hybrids in Iraq
Authors: Abed Ziyad  A.
Published: August 2018

Â A field experiments was conducted in greenhouse to determinate the genetic diversity among 7 genotypes from maize(4 inbreds and 3hybrids) by using molecular markers with Random Amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),that shown high level of polymorphism among genotypes of maize ,where the percentage of polymorphism ranged from(66%) and (83.33%) the highest number of polymorphism band (16) and size fragment ranged between (3800 bp) with the primer ( Bnlg 1185 ) and the lowest 180 with the primer( Bnlg 1464).The genetic distance value ranged between (0.3451) and (0.6534) ,where the lowest genic distance between (k1 and k2),while the highest genetic distance between(k4) and (k3xk4).In this study RAPD markers were shown to be powerful to detect genetic diversity and provided us high polymorphism values within genotypes of maize ,also we can conclude for useful those primers for genetic studies in plant breeding programs for developing synthetic cultivars or improved inbreds of maize.Â
BIOBRAS-16 IMPROVES THE ACCLIMATIZATION OF SPANISH CARNATION (DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS L.) PLANTS OBTAINED IN VITRO
Authors: ValdÃ©s Yanelis Castilla , GonzÃ¡lez Vega MarÃ­a Esther
Published: August 2018

The Spanish carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most commercialized flowers worldwide. Its accelerated propagation is possible due to the utilization of micropropagation methods, especially if combined with the employment of different bioproducts, between them the brassinosteroid analogous, known as Biobras-16. However, up to the moment, there is a lack of references about the acclimatization of Spanish carnation plants, micropropagated with this brassinosteroid analogue. For this reason, in the present work we proposed the aim of determine the survival of plants of Spanish carnation acclimatized with the employment of Biobras-16. The plants were obtained from meristems, cultured in medium with different concentrations of Biobras-16 (10-1; 10-2 and 10-3 mgÂ·L-1), and from them, two propagations were made by cuttings, without the addition of Biobras-16 but respecting the treatments of origin of the plants. The plants obtained from the second propagation, were acclimatized under semi controlled conditions, using two assays: the first one, without treatment with Biobras-16, and the second one, with the application to the leaves of a solution with the same concentrations of Biobras-16 used in each treatment of the meristems culture. In general, in the control treatments was obtained an intermediate survival of the plants of Spanish carnation, confirming it is a bounding and transcendental stage for the successful culmination of the micropropagation process. In the first assay, the plants survival overcame significantly to the control in the treatmentwhich employed 10-3 mgÂ·L-1 of Biobras-16 during the micropropagation. In the second assay, in the treatments where the plants were sprayed with 10-1 and 10-3 mgÂ·L-1of brassinosteroid analogue, were obtained higher survival percentages than the obtained in the first assay. It was appreciated the feasibility of the use of the Biobras-16, because its use in the in vitro culture and its spraying during the acclimatization phase of the Spanish carnation vitroplants, it is capable to produce increases in the survival percentage between 12,5% and 17%, which increment the efficiency of the micropropagation process.
Comparative Proteomics Study of Outer Membrane Proteins from three Pathogenic Leptospira Species used in Vaccine
Authors: Aghaiypour Kolyani Khosrow , Shokri Rahman
Published: August 2018

Â Background and Objective: Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) have an important role in pathogenecity and immunogenecity of Leptospira introgans. The aim of this study was chemical and immunological analysis of OMP extracted from three vaccinal strains of pathogenic Leptospira (L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa & L. sejroae hardjo) by electrophoresis and western blotting.Materials and Methods: Outer membrane enriched fractions that are insoluble in sodium N- lauryl sarcosinate isolated and studied by Sodium dodecyl sulfate â€“ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For identifying of antigenic properties of different proteins in three strains, antiserums developed in rabbit against the whole three valent vaccine and also Â specific OMPs rom each of three Leptospira strains. The antiserum was used for immunological studies with immuno double diffusion and western blotting.Results: in SDS-PAGE five common protein bands with approximate molecular masses of 75,36,25,23 and 19 KDa were identified. After western blot studies identified four or five immunogenic band. In general, antiserum against L. grippotyphosa OMP has the highest ability in detecting common bands between three strains.Conclusion: Chemical and immunological comparisons between OMPs of the three strains which are being used in the commercial vaccine, provided useful documents to assess and maybe improve vaccine quality. Â It indicated that OMPs are one of the major Leptospira component contributing in immunity and protectivity. Comparison between individual OMPs of each serotype revealed that L. grippotyphosa ones could contribute more in vaccine induced protectively in comparison with the other two serotypes.
2G Ethanol Production From Palm Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Carvalho Leonard GuimarÃ£es , Modesto Luiz Felipe A. , Aranda Donato A. Gomes , Jr Nei Pereira
Published: August 2018

Brazil presents the world's largest potential for the production of palm oil due to nearly 75 million hectares of land suitable for palm culture and advantageous soil and climate. The biomass generated in the production of palm oil (palm pressed fiber, PPF) is mainly composed of lignocellulosic material that can be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars for further conversion to ethanol. This work evaluated alkaline pretreatment of this palm oil residue and subsequent Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), achieving a conversion of glucose to ethanol higher than 90% and a concentration equivalent to 22.40 g/L of the alcohol.
Bio-ethanol production from sweet potato using co-culture of saccharolytic molds (Aspergillus spp.) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC170
Authors: KUMAR A. , SADH P. K. , KHA SURE , DUHAN J. S.
Published: August 2018

In the present study, sweet potato which are in abundance and do not interfere with food security was subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process by co-culture of Aspergillus spices and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Reuse of Residual Biomass of Cellulose Industry for Second Generation Bioethanol Production
Authors: Junior Nei Pereira , Moraes Anelize de Oliveira , Modesto Luiz Felipe , Ramirez Ninoska Isabel Bojorge
Published: August 2018

This study aimed at evaluating the potential of pulp mill residue (PMR) as a feedstock for ethanol production. The simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was operated using 8 gL -1 of a commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae JP1 under optimal proportions of cellulase cocktail (24.8 FPU/g cellulose of CellicÂ® CTec2) and cellulosic residue (200 gL -1 ). After 48 hours of pre-hydrolysis at 50ÂºC and 200 rpm, the fermentation was carried out at 37 ÂºC, generating 48.5 gL -1 of ethanol in 10 hours and reaching a conversion efficiency of 53.3% from cellulose to ethanol and a volumetric productivity of 4.8 gL -1 h -1 that is within the range of values of first generation ethanol production (5-8 gL -1 h -1 ). These results showed that the pulp mill residue is an interesting and effective feedstock for the production of ethanol, which can be used for fuel purposes in the own pulp mills.
Genetic characterization of Entamoeba histolytica reveals a significant association of parasite genotype with disease outcome
Authors: Das Koushik , Chowdhury Punam , Nozaki Tomoyoshi , Ganguly Sandipan
Published: August 2018

Amoebiasis caused by the enteric parasite Entamoeba histolytica has variable disease outcomes. The association between parasite genotypes and outcome of amoebic infection still remains obscure and requires to be explored. Genetic characterization of clinical isolates is certainly a useful method to explore this relation. E. histolytica isolates from different disease outcomes has been genetically characterized based on the widely used repetitive marker, Serine rich E. histolytica protein gene (Srehp). Genetic organizations of our study isolates are unique in compare to previous reports. Most of the identified repeat patterns are outcome specific. Significant association between parasite genotypes and outcome of amoebic infection has also been established.
THE PLANT PERFORMANCES VARIATIONS RECORDING
Authors: KaraÄ‡ SlaÄ‘ana , BeloÅ¡eviÄ‡ Svetlana , SabovljeviÄ‡ Radovan , JovaniÄ‡ Predrag
Published: August 2018

The goal was to define and design, built and test autonomous system for nondestructive recording (monitoring) of the plants performance variations in real time, in laboratory and field conditions. The concept is based on moving, autonomous platform on which, needed/wanted, systems are mounted for analysis and characterization of targeted objects. Practically, with defined system, visual and IR portions of spectra should be covered. First pilot tests are made in the field of Rakovica monastery. The main problem of this heritage object, is that it was built on the water terain, on the underground creeks. So, the watering of plants, during summer, can be problem. The idea was to analyse reaction of the plants existing on the monestery field and their reaction to the additional water. The problmw with Serbian monestiries is that they where built near the water wells,on the terein with number of underground creeks.
Probiotic microorganisms involved in cassava fermentation for Gari and AttiÃ©kÃ©production
Authors: Aly SAVADOGO , Flibert GUIRA , FranÃ§ois TAPSOBA
Published: August 2018

Several fermented foods and beverages for human nutritionthat incorporate lactic acid bacteria and others beneficial microorganisms are produced throughout the world. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely distributed in nature and occur as natural microflora in many fermented foods (fermented milk, cereal fermented food, fermented fruit products, fermented roots products like cassava and others). This study gave characteristics, nutritional, Health and functional properties of probiotics microorganisms involved in cassava fermentation forGariand AttiÃ©kÃ© production. During cassava fermentation for Gariand AttiÃ©kÃ© production many microorganisms with probiotic properties were involved and gave benefic properties. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast involved in food fermentation or production particular in cassava products may possess probiotic properties.Probiotics may have potential roles, as natural barriers to pathogens associated with intestinal disease with functional role.Probiotic microorganisms role and importance in cassava fermentation for Gari andAttiÃ©kÃ©production for healthy nutrition for consumers were developed in this work.
AN INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF MOLECULAR AND TRADITIONAL APPROACHES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A STORAGE MITE, ALEUROGLYPHUS OVATUS (ACARI: ASTIGMATA: ACARIDAE) IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Che Lah Ernieenor Faraliana
Published: August 2018

A reliable and rapid taxonomic identification of a mite is the basis for a correct diagnosis of important mite associated allergies as they produce species-specific allergens. A double approach (molecular and morphological) to the taxonomic identification of Aleuroglyphus ovatus was presented. Molecular identification was performed with amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2), whilst morphological characters were examined under light microscope. The BLAST results obtained from molecular analysis of A. ovatus was shown to be in concordance with the morphological identification with 97% genetic similarity. Thus, the molecular identification based on the ITS2 region can be applied as a reliable and efficient tool for species identification of Aleuroglyphus and probably any other astigmatid mites. Our findings suggest the need for a broad taxonomic sampling especially from closely related species for an accurate identification of local mites using both DNA sequences and morphology.
Physicochemical quality of artisanal oils produced in Ouagadougou: case of four small companies of cottonseed oils and crude groundnut oils taken in the markets
Authors: Souleymane ZIO , Aly SAVADOGO , Laurencia ToulsoumdÃ© SONGRE-OUATTARA , FranÃ§ois TAPSOBA , Henri Nestor BASSOLE Imael , Cheikna ZONGO , Flibert NIKIEMA , Yves TRAORE
Published: August 2018

Artisanal oils dominate in the diet of the Burkinabe population.Among the food products, artisanal oils represent important sources of potential health risks. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of artisanal oils produced in Ouagadougou. A total of 30 samples of cottonseed oil and groundnut oil were collected on the sites of production and markets of Ouagadougou. The physicochemical parameters (refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, residual soap content, water and volatile materials content, Î²-carotene content, sterols and mineral oil) were determined by standard methods. The physicochemical parameters determined the case of non-compliance observed in the iodine and saponification values. The cottonseed oil showed 88.58 Â± 11.86 g of iodine / 100 g. This average is below the codex alimentarusstandard value. Sterols were detected in all samples. However no sample of oil showed traces of mineral oils. The averages of the physicochemical parameters according the type of oil presented significant variations (p Ë‚ 0.05)exceptedthose of the iodine value, the residual soap content, the water and volatile materials content. The overall analysis of the different results showed a general conformity with the Codex permissibility level for named vegetable oils. This compliance allows concluding that the quality of artisanal oils from Ouagadougou is quite good. It appears from this study that local producers have a mastery of the manufacturing process. But obtaining high quality of artisanal oil requires more strict application of good hygiene and manufacturing practices.
Production of Exopolysaccharides by Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and Concentration by Nanofiltration
Authors: Camelini Carla MaÃ­sa
Published: August 2018

Functional food may promote specific physiological benefits besides the properties of nourishing and feeding, thanks to the presence of physiologically healthy ingredients such as probiotics and prebiotics. Amongst the probiotics is Lactobacillus plantarum, which belongs to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Energy obtainment by these microorganisms occurs through carbohydrate fermentation, producing mainly lactic acid but also exopolysaccharides (EPS), which presents technological application on the food industry mainly by their prebiotic properties. In order to enable the obtainment of EPS, a production process of L. plantarum ATCC 8014 was established in aerobic conditions in an airlift bioreactor, using supplemented tofu whey as substrate. The process was compared to the generally employed MRS medium. EPS concentration was performed by nanofiltration (NF), carried at 35 Â°C and 6 bars, and samples analyzed via HPLC-IR. The cultivation allowed biomass yields of up to 3.2 g/L and 2.7 g/L, and EPS yields of 350 mg/L and 210 mg/L for the TWS and MRS media, respectively. On the NF process, the final concentrated extract was obtained with VRF (volume reduction factor) of 4.0, with increases of up to 80% on EPS contents. During membrane processing, it was verified that the greatest part of the flux resistance (60%) was caused by a polarized gel layer. This study showed that the use of tofu whey is applicable for EPS production and that nanofiltration is an efficient procedure to concentrate the prebiotic compounds obtained during the cultivation of L. plantarum ATCC 8014.
Attenuation of DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma by a novel synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Solanum villosum (Mill.) leaves
Authors: Rajendran Venkatesh , Krishnasamy Kalaivani
Published: August 2018

Objective: In todayâ€™s fast and furious life, the life style and food habits of people are changing drastically, due to which ninety percent of the population suffers with oxidative stress resulting as ageing process, arthritis, ischemia, neurodegeneration, chronic liver diseases and cancer. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anticancer potential of Solanum villosum leaves against the diethylnitrosamine induced experimental hepatocellular carcinoma in male wistar albino rats.Methods:Various biochemical, cancer markers, intermediatery enzymes and histopathology were studied systematically for different groups of rats. Results: The animals exposed to diethylnitrosamine showed significant alterations in all biochemical and metabolic enzymes. After administration of silver nanoparticles of Solanum villosum leaves (SNPs-AESVL 100 Î¼g/kg b.w) effectively suppressed the tumor growth induced by diethylnitrosamine. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that silver nanoparticles of Solanum villosum leaves are potential anticancer effect, preventing tumor growth and hepatocellular damage.
Technical sheet of inï¬‚uence of Freeze-Dried Yeast Starter Cultures on Volatile Compounds of Tchapalo, a Traditional Sorghum Beer from CÃ´te dâ€™Ivoire
Authors: Hermann COULIBALY WahauwouÃ©lÃ© , Jean-Paul BOUATENIN Koffi Maizan , Alfred KOUAME Kohi , Peggy RIGOU
Published: August 2018

The production of the Ivorian sorghum beer known as tchapalo remains more or less an empirical process. The use of starter cultures was therefore suggested as the appropriate approach to alleviate the problems of variations inorganoleptic quality and microbiological stability. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis to produce sorghum beer as freeze-dried starter in mixed or pure cultures. Beers produced with mixed freeze-dried cultures of S. cerevisiae F12-7 and C. tropicalis C0-7 showed residual sugars and ethanol contents similar to beers obtained with S. cerevisiae F12-7 pure culture, but the total sum of organic acids analyzed was the highest with the mixed culture (15.71 g/L). Higher alcohols were quantitatively the largest group of volatile compounds detected in beers. Among these compounds, 2-phenyl ethanol, a higher alcohol that plays an important role in beer ï¬‚avor, was highly produced with the mixed culture (10174.8 Âµg/L) than with the pure culture (8749.9 Âµg/L).
Hemoglobin A1C as an indicator of the accuracy of blood glucose measurement: comparative study of three technologies used for blood glucose measurements
Authors: Almarshad Hassan
Published: August 2018

In previous studies, the accuracy of glucose measurements were found with significant variations in different self-monitoring devices. This study suggests Hemoglobin a1c (Hba1c) to be used as as an indicator for the accuracy of blood-glucose monitoring devices. In this study, the association between the readings of glycohematoglobin HbA1C and the hyperglycemic readings of thirty hyperglycemic patients is used as an indicator of the accuracy of three types of glucometer devices. The association between hyperglycemic readings and the percentage of HbA1C for the same patients was investigated. The results showed significant association between levels of blood glucose and the percentage of HbA1C in three devices with statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Such relationship is suggested to be used as a relative accuracy of various types of blood glucose self-monitoring devices.
Alterations in Proteins and Amino Acids of the Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans in Response to Different Inorganic Formulations
Authors: Kumar Gajendra , Singh Gajendra Pal
Published: August 2018

Anacystis nidulans is a small, rod-shaped, unicellular, colonial, obligatory phototrophic microalga isolated from Sambhar Lake, Jaipur (Rajasthan). To find out the best inorganic composition cultures were grown in five different defined inorganic medium such as Modified BG-11 medium (pH 7.31), BG-11 medium (7.1), CHU-10 (pH 7.65), Zarroukâ€™s medium (pH 10.2) and Kratz & Myer medium (pH 9.5) and kept at the temperature of 25 Â± 2Â°C, illuminated with white fluorescent lamps at a light intensity of 2.5 Klux with 12:12 hours light/dark photoperiod in departmental laboratory. Protein content is determined by Bradford assay and qualitatively by SDS-PAGE. Protein expression levels were determined through densitometry. Highest protein and amino acid content were obtained in Modified BG-11 medium as compared to other medium. Two polypeptides of 54.3 and 56.2 kDa were uniquely observed, but the genotype of 35.8 kDa polypeptide was completely degraded under Modified BG-11 inorganic formulation. 35.8, 54.3, 56.2 and 61.8 kDa polypeptides were completely degraded in Zarroukâ€™s as well as Kratz and Myer medium. The expression of some polypeptides of 14.0, 34.1, 42.3, 45.9, 49.5 and 75.0 kDa were greatly reduced and expressed only 1mm level in Zarroukâ€™s and Kratz and Myer medium. Quantity of free amino acids maximum was in Modified BG-11 medium and minimum was in the Kratz and Myer Medium. Total 17amino acids were observed in the HPLC chromatogram. No detectable amount of asparagine, glutamine and tryptophan were found throughout the course of the algal life cycle
BIOSYNTHESIS OF pH RESPONSIVE SHAPE MEMORY HYDROGEL AND ITS BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL
Authors: GUMEL AHMAD MOHAMMED
Published: August 2018

Multifunctional hydrogels combining the capabilities of cellular pH responsiveness and shape memory, are highly promising for the realization of smart membrane filters, controlled drug released devices, and functional tissue-engineering scaffolds. Free radical biocatalytic polymerization catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was used to fabricate the pH-responsive and shape memory hydrogel using medium-chain-length poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates-co-polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PHA-PEGMA) as macromer. The accelerative wound healing potential of the biosynthesized smart PHA based hydrogel was evaluated herein. The thermal stability of the macromere highly depends on the PEGMA fraction from 10 to 50% (mass). Similarly, the change in PEGMA fraction was also found to highly influence the hydrogelâ€™s hydration rate (r) from 2.83 x 10-5 to 7.63  x 10-5  mL/s.  The hydrogelâ€™s equilibrium weight swelling ratio (qe), protein release and its diffusion coefficient (Dm) were all found to be pH dependent. For example, increasing the phosphate buffer pH from 2.4 to 13 resulted in increased qe from 2 to 16 corresponding to the enlarging of network pore size (Î¾) from 150 to 586 nm.The biomedical potential of the synthesized material based on its accelerative wound healing in rats was observed. Biochemical, histomorphometric and immunohistomorphometric analyses revealed a significant difference in area closure and re-epithelialization on days 7 and 14 in PPH or IntrasiteÂ® gel group compared to gum acacia or PEGMA-alone groups. Furthermore, wounds dressed with PPH or IntrasiteÂ® gel showed evident collagen deposition, enhanced fibrosis and extensively organized angiogenesis on day 14 compared to the negative control group. The findings suggested that topical application of PPH accelerated the ratsâ€™ wound healing process by improving angiogenesis attributed to the increased microvessel density (MVD) and expressions of VEGF-A in tissue samples. Thus, PPH has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cutaneous wounds in rats, and could be a potential novel agent in the management and acceleration of wound healing in humans and animals.
Extraction and Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan from Aspergillus niger, Synthesis of Silver-Chitosan Nanocomposites and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: Madhusudhan KN
Published: August 2018

The fungal species such as Aspergillus niger are the rich source of antimicrobial compounds. The chitin which is the cell wall component are being isolated and used as potential source of antimicrobial along with its derivates. In the present study, the chitin and chitosan were purified from the mycelial mat of the A. niger. By using the chitosan isolated from the fungi, the chitosan-silver nanocomposite was synthesized under lab conditions. The comparative antibacterial potential of chitin, chitosan and nanocomposites were screened against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, which are infecting mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) and humans respectively. The in vitro inhibition study results revealed that, Nanocomposites showed more inhibition of pathogens in comparison with other treatments along with positive control.  Further, the highest antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver nanocomposites may be due to presence of two potential antimicrobial compounds in combination. Based on the results of the present study, chitosan based nanocomposites can be used for the management of the bacterial diseases of silkworm. The nanocomposite derived in the present work can be used for management of medically important pathogens infecting humans.
A comparative Analytical Studies onAcaciapolyacantha gum Samples collected from three different locations in Sudan
Authors: Elhenawy Ahmed , A. Omer Elgaili. , A. Alomari Abdulaziz. , E. Osman Mohammed.
Published: August 2018

Acacia polyacanthagum(Kakamut gum) samples were collected as natural exudates, from three different locations in SudanÂ  named Abugarin, Gargadah and Layoon forest. Physicochemical properties of gum samples were studied (moisture , ash ,nitrogen , protein, specific rotation, intrinsic viscosity , refractive index, equivalent weight, pH , uronic acid and reducing sugars . Results showed significant differences within each location in most parameters studied, refractive index values were found to be constant in all samples (1.3337) . The effect of location on the properties  of gum samples was studied and the analysis showed generally insignificant difference  (p 0.05) in all properties studied, except moisture and uronic acid showed significant differences. The general characteristics of Acacia  gum might be described as a mean value of all properties studied  of all gum samples of the three different locations as follows ; 8.3% moisture, 2.9% ash ,0.35%nitrogen, 2.30% protein,-16.8  specific rotation,10.3ml/g intrinsic viscosity, 4.9 pH , 1348.68 equivalent weight,14.5%uronic acid, 1.3337 refractive index  and 0.20%reducing sugar . UV absorption spectra of gum samples were determined and the maximum  absorption  points were found the same ranging between wavelength (208 and 211nm) . The cationic composition of gum samples was also determined and the results showed that sodium(43.075ppm) has the highest value in all samples followed by iron(27.667ppm) ,zinc(14.297ppm),nickel(4.650ppm),copper(4.025),manganese(2.645ppm),calcium(1.284ppm) and trace amount of lead(0.667ppm),potassium(0.344ppm)andmagnesium(0.274ppm). Accordingly, these parameters, therefore, cannot be  recommended as qualifying indices.
Comparison of Chemical Composition and Toxicity of Essential Oils from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Extracted with Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation (MAH) and Conventional Hydrodistillation (HD) Methods
Authors: M Ranitha. , H. Nour Dr. Abdurahman , Sulaiman Ziad A. , H. Nour Azhari , Raj. S Thana
Published: August 2018

The demand of essential oil in current industry has increased due to its bioactive compound that shows various therapeutic effects. Therefore, the qualities of essential oil mainly depend on its constituents. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods on yield, chemical composition and toxicity of essential oil from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). A pale yellow oil yield of 1.46 % (90 min) and 1.38% (180 min) were obtained from MAHD and HD methods, respectively. GC-MS results shows a total of twenty compounds in MAHD oil and seven compound in HD oil. MAHD oil contained slightly higher amount of citral, which is the key component of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), compared to HD oil, 86.48% and 83.15%, respectively. However, hydrodistilled oil showed the presence of higher Î²-Myrcene, 9.91%, and only 3.96% were found in the MAHD oil. Other identified constituents, include Linalool, 1,6-Octadiene,3,5-dimethyl-,trans, Pinane, Geranic acid and 1,5-Octadiene. Cytotoxicity study was also carried out by using Artemia Salina (Brine shrimp) lethality bioassay. The Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil extracted using MAHD and HD gives LC50 value of 0.35µg/ml and 0.29µg/ml, respectively. A minor variation in the total chemical composition of essential oil may contribute for different level of biological activity expression.
Exploration of Bitumen (Natural Asphalt) using a combination of apparent Resistivity method and exploration drilling in Saleh-Abad area, Ilam Province Iran
Authors: Salimi Payam , Motlagh Asghar Teymoorian , Bisetooni Kamran Rahimi
Published: August 2018

Bitumen is a hydrocarbon material that accumulates near the earth's surface in the form of asphalt springs or in other forms under the act of hydrostatic pressures of oil reservoirs, it will form bitumen mines after undergoing polymerization process. This mineral (organic) matter is in close relationship to oil reservoirs present in the area, i.e. when oil moves or migrates from one place to another place some part of it will be separated and will remain in the form of streaks, lenses and etc. In this work, the exploration of bitumen resources in Saleh-Abad area, Ilam is carried out using geoelectrical data that were gathered in two-dimensional form, exploration drilling data and also geological data. Today the best method for underground studies and mineral explorations is geophysical studies and drilling exploration wells meanwhile. One of the best data acquisition methods in the Geoelectricity is two-dimensional data acquisition or in other words electrical imaging in two dimensions. Tomography or electrical apparent resistivity tomography is a geophysical technique that investigates underground structures in two or three dimensions. The advantage of ERT method in comparison with other traditional and routine methods is that it investigates the changes of electrical apparent resistivity either laterally (constant spacing traversing or CST) or vertically (vertical electrical sounding, VES) in space. Geophysical data acquisition of the mentioned mine was done using dipole-dipole array in two profiles upon which some points were proposed for exploration drilling. Exploration drilling was done in powder method on the geophysical profiles in six 15-meter bores which proved the high precision of apparent resistivity method for bitumen exploration. Interpretation and modeling of two profiles was carried out using RES2DINV and modeling of drilling Logs was done using LOGPLOT that both had a good conformity with geological data and surface outcrops.