bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible Light‐Promoted Cascade Sulfonylation‐Cyclization‐Aromatization of Tertiary Enamides to Access Multi‐Substituted Pyridines and 1,2‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Xu Xin‐Ming , Wang Jiping , Chen Sen , Chen Xiaoxu , Chen Jinchun , Liu Qian , Wang Zu‐Li , Tian Miao , Sun Kai
Published: January 2025

Functionalized pyridines and 1,2‐dihydropyridines are crucial organic entities in natural products, organic materials, drugs and catalysts. Despite progress, a facile and eco‐friendly synthesis remains desirable so far. In this context, we disclose a novel visible light‐promoted radical cascade sulfonylation‐cyclization‐aromatization of N‐propargyl enamides with selenosulfonates. This approach avoids the use of metal‐ or photocatalyst, bases and external oxidants, marking a significant advance in sustainable and green chemistry accords. Utilizing this protocol, we successfully synthesized a diverse range of sulfonated 1,2‐dihydropyridines and pyridines, featuring good functional group compatibility, simple operation and mild condition.
Optimal Neutron Spectrum Database for In‐reactor 238Pu Production
Authors: Pan Qingquan , Liu Xiaojing , Cai Yun
Published: January 2025

Plutonium‐238 (238Pu) is a scarce heat‐source radioisotope used in nuclear batteries, which is produced by in‐reactor irradiation of Americium‐241 (241Am) or Neptunium‐237 (237Np). Optimizing the neutron spectrum can improve the production efficiency of 238Pu, but currently, it is still a lack of knowledge about the optimal neutron spectrum for 238Pu production. Genetic algorithms and burnup algorithms are combined to identify optimal neutron spectra for 238Pu production under various irradiation times and flux levels, and build an optimal neutron spectrum database, which answers the questions “What is the optimal neutron spectrum for 238Pu production?” and “What is the maximum efficiency for 238Pu production” once and for all. This database can be referred to for determining the optimal neutron spectrum, guiding the neutron spectrum regulation process to improve the yield of 238Pu. Moreover, these results find that the production method of in‐reactor irradiation 237Np not only has a higher yield but also achieves a higher purity of 238Pu than that of in‐reactor irradiation 241Am, which conflicts with the traditional experiences, providing with previously unknown insights and helping break through the efficiency limit of traditional methods, maximizing 238Pu production.
Unlocking Interpretable Prediction of Battery Random Discharge Capacity With Domain Adaptative Physics Constraint
Authors: Che Yunhong , Guo Jia , Zheng Yusheng , Stroe Daniel‐Ioan , Liu Wenxue , Hu Xiaosong , Teodorescu Remus
Published: January 2025

Tracking the battery discharge capacity is significant, yet challenging due to complicated degradation patterns as well as varying or even random usage scenarios. This work proposes a physics‐constrained domain adaptation framework to predict the capacities during random discharge with non‐destructive mechanism diagnosis using early or random discharging information. By imposing the impedance as physical constraints in a domain adaptative layer, the interpretability and generalization of the model can be improved as the physics‐constrained layer provides physical insights into the battery mechanism characteristics, enabling onboard and non‐destructive diagnosis without complex tests. The learned impedances in the physics‐constrained layer are well‐fitted to the real ones, suggesting accurate physical insights and, therefore, good interpretability of the trained model. Furthermore, apart from capacity prediction, the aging mechanisms of the cell can be interpreted through the learned physics from this deep learning framework without impedance measurement. Such interpretation has also been validated experimentally through post‐mortem analysis. This work provides an example of grey‐box modeling of complex dynamic systems where deep learning models can provide certain physical details to increase the model's interpretability.
Advancing Thermoelectrics in Lead‐Free Rhombohedral GeTe via Interfacial Engineering With MXene
Authors: Xu Fang , Liu Bo , Ang Ran
Published: January 2025

Lead‐containing GeTe‐based thermoelectric (TE) materials exhibit outstanding performance, but the toxicity of lead (Pb) limits their practical applications. Lead‐free GeTe‐based TE materials present a promising alternative for environmentally sustainable and scalable applications. Here, Bi doping is used to reduce the majority carrier concentration in GeTe, combined with uniform incorporation of nanoscale layered MXene via high‐energy ball milling. This approach significantly enhances the structural symmetry of GeTe, while MXene further reduces carrier concentration and improves carrier mobility. Consequently, the Ge0.93Bi0.07Te‐0.6 mass% MXene sample achieves an impressive average power factor of ≈28.40 µW m−1 K−2 across 303–603 K. Moreover, point defects, multilayer nanostructures, and grain boundaries reduce thermal conductivity to ≈1.04 W m−1 K−1 at 603 K. A maximum ZTmax of ≈2.1 at 603 K, an average ZTavg of ≈1.1, and a Vickers microhardness of ≈ 236.75 Hv are obtained. In particular, a high power density of ≈1.54 W cm−2 and a maximum conversion efficiency of ≈7.5% at a temperature difference of 300 K are achieved in a 7‐pair TE module. These outcomes represent the highest performance levels for lead‐free GeTe‐based materials. This work uncovers a straightforward method to enhance the structural symmetry of GeTe‐based compounds, providing insights for advancing lead‐free TE technologies.
Energy‐Efficient Online Training with In Situ Parallel Computing on Electrochemical Memory Arrays
Authors: Lu Yingming , Yang Zhen , Tao Yaoyu , Cai Lei , Zhang Teng , Yan Longhao , Huang Ru , Yang Yuchao
Published: January 2025

The rapid development of deep learning enables significant breakthroughs for intelligent edge‐terminal devices. However, neural network training for edge computing is currently overly dependent on cloud service platforms, resulting in low adaptivity for fast‐changing real‐world environments. The training energy efficiency is also strictly constrained by the traditional Von‐Neumann architecture with separate memory and processing units. To improve the adaptability and energy efficiency of edge‐terminal devices, a fully parallel online neural network training scheme based on electrochemical random‐access memory (ECRAM) arrays is proposed and validated. By exploiting the intrinsic linearity and nonlinearity functionalities of ECRAMs brought by varying numbers and amplitudes of programming pulses, a physical implementation of in situ multiplication using pulse‐based training is achieved, realizing fully parallel in situ computation and storage of outer product between two vectors. It can not only greatly accelerate the computation of weight gradients in neural network training but also significantly reduce the time complexity, latency, and energy overheads associated with data handling compared to traditional hardware implementations for this task. The ECRAM‐based online training system reduces the energy overhead of the training process by 30× when compared to the same training process executed on traditional computing hardware.
A Multi‐Component Reaction of Hexafluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with N‐Heterocycles and Active Methylene Compounds: A Straightforward Approach to Polyfluorinated Zwitterions
Authors: Kudryavtseva Ekaterina N. , Lichitsky Boris V. , Tretyakov Evgeny V.
Published: January 2025

For the first time, multi‐component condensation of hexafluoro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with nitrogen‐containing heterocycles and active methylene compounds was studied. It was shown that the aforementioned process leads to the formation of a previously undescribed type of zwitterionic derivatives. Based on the results, a general one‐step method for preparation of polyfluorinated pyridine‐containing betaines was developed. Advantages of the proposed synthetic protocol are atom economy, readily available starting materials and simple isolation of target products without chromatographic purification. The obtained zwitterions were utilized as precursors for the preparation of new fluorinated polycyclic compounds: pyrido[1,2‐a]indole‐6,11‐diones and naphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones.
Soluble Covalent Organic Frameworks as Efficient Lithiophilic Modulator for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Shen , Naren Tuoya , Zhao Yanwei , Gu Qianfeng , Wai Lau Ting , Lee Chun‐Sing , Chen Fu‐Rong , Yin Jun , Chen Libao , Zhang Qichun
Published: January 2025

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as the potential alternative of lithium‐ion batteries due to their ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1). However, severe instability and safety problems caused by the dendrite growth and inevitable side reactions have hindered the commercialization of LMBs. To solve them, in this contribution, a design strategy of soluble lithiophilic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is proposed. By introducing polyethylene glycol as the side chains, two COFs (CityU‐28 and CityU‐29) not only become soluble for the facile coating technique, but also can facilitate the lithium‐ion migration in batteries. Furthermore, when coated on the lithium anode of LMB, both COFs can act as artificial solid electrolyte interphase to prevent dendrite growth thus enabling the long‐term stability of the cells. Notably, the symmetric CityU‐29@Li cell can work for more than 5000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 and an areal capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. A remarkable capacity retention of 78.9 % after 1500 cycles and a Coulombic efficiency of about 99.9 % at 1.0 C can also be realized in CityU‐29@Li||LiFePO4 full cell. This work could provide a universal design strategy for soluble COFs and enlighten their application in diverse scenarios, especially energy‐related fields.
Exceptional Battery‐level Safety of High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Non‐Flammable and Low‐Exothermic Localize High Concentration Electrolytes
Authors: Qiu Huamin , Jia Hao , Zhou Yifan , Wang Jun , Zhao Wenguang , Xu Kaiyang , Li Zimu , Song Shuqin , Wang Yi
Published: January 2025

The poor safety performance of high energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is drawing increasing public concern. To enhance the safety performance on the battery level, it is indispensable to design safe electrolytes that are both non‐flammable and low exothermic under abusive conditions. By rational design, a safe localize high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) with non‐flammability and extremely low exothermicity is formulated. Compared with conventional LiPF6‐organocabonate electrolytes and previous LHCEs, the heat generated by the reaction between the safe LHCE and fully charged electrodes under abusive conditions is significantly reduced. Because of the non‐flammability and low‐exothermicity of the safe LHCE, high energy density LIB (1800 mAh Gr||LiNi0.7Mn0.2Co0.1O2, fully charged to 4.3 V) with the safe LHCE successfully passes the nail penetration test. Because of the excellent interphasial properties of the safe LHCE, the cycle life and the rate capability of high energy density LIBs are significantly improved when the safe LHCE is adopted. This work sheds light on the design principles of electrolytes for achieving battery‐level safety.
Asymmetric Functionalization Harnessing Radical‐Mediated Functional‐Group Migration
Authors: Chen Fushan , Cao Zhu , Zhu Chen
Published: January 2025

Along with the renaissance of radical chemistry, the past decade has witnessed rapid development in radical‐mediated rearrangement reactions. A wide diversity of radical approaches harnessing functional‐group migration (FGM) have been devised to enhance both synthetic efficiency and molecular complexity. However, the application of FGM reactions to construct stereogenic centers remains underexplored owing to the inherent challenges of asymmetric radical reactions. In this Minireview, we summarize the emerging area of asymmetric functionalization involving radical‐mediated FGM reactions. Enantioselectivity can be regulated by chiral substrates, auxiliaries or reagents, or achieved through asymmetric transition‐metal catalysis. This synthetic strategy demonstrates its superiority in the production of valuable complex molecules that are otherwise difficult to obtain by conventional methods.
The First Kleinman‐type Second‐Harmonic Generation Circular Dichroism On/Off Switchable Ferroelectrics
Authors: Peng Hang , Qin Yan , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Song Xian‐Jiang , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Liao Wei‐Qiang
Published: January 2025

Chiral ferroelectrics have recently received considerable interest due to their unique chiroptical properties. They can adopt Kleinman symmetry second‐harmonic generation (SHG)‐active chiral‐polar point groups in the ferroelectric phase while Kleinman symmetry SHG‐inactive chiral‐nonpolar point groups in the paraelectric phase, providing a great opportunity to realize on/off switching of SHG circular dichroism (SHG‐CD) response. However, the SHG‐CD effect was rarely explored in chiral ferroelectrics, and the on/off switchable SHG‐CD has never been reported. Herein, we report the first crown ether‐based chiral ferroelectrics (R/S‐CS)Ca(18‐crown‐6) (CS=camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid), which undergo a 422F2 type ferroelectric phase transition at around 336 K from Kleinman symmetry SHG‐active point group 2 to Kleinman symmetry SHG‐inactive point group 422. Notably, they exhibit obvious SHG‐CD responses with an anisotropy factor of up to 0.31. More importantly, the SHG‐CD response can be switched between SHG‐CD active (SHG‐CD on) and inactive (SHG‐CD off) states during the ferroelectric phase transition, which is unprecedented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of Kleinman‐type SHG‐CD on/off switchable ferroelectric. Our findings open up a new way to switch SHG‐CD response based on chiral ferroelectrics, which would greatly inspire the further exploration of switchable SHG‐CD effects in chiral ferroelectrics.
Towards Solid‐State Batteries Using a Calcium Hydridoborate Electrolyte
Authors: Skov Lasse N. , Grinderslev Jakob B. , Kjær Therese S. S. , Kristensen Lasse R. , Jensen Torben R.
Published: January 2025

Solid‐state batteries created from abundant elements, such as calcium, may pave the way for cheaper and safer electrical energy storage. Here we report a new type of solid calcium hydridoborate electrolyte, Ca(BH4)2 ⋅ 2NH2CH3, with a high ionic conductivity of σ(Ca2+) ~10−5 S cm−1 at T=70 °C, which is assigned to a relatively open and flexible structure with apolar moieties and weak dihydrogen bonds that facilitate migration of Ca2+ ions in the solid state. The compound display a low electronic conductivity, providing an ionic transport number close to unity (tion=0.9916). Calcium plating is observed for a Ca|Ca(BH4)2 ⋅ 2NH2CH3|Pt electrochemical cell and the electrodes are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) that reveal a rugged Ca anode surface owing to the stripping process and the presence of Ca‐containing domains on the Pt working electrode from the plating process. Improved electrochemical reversiblity was achieved in a three‐electrode cell configuration using a CaxSn counter and reference electrode and a Sn working electrode, CaxSn | Ca(BH4)2 ⋅ 2NH2CH3 | Sn, providing reversible Ca plating and stripping.
Manipulating Dynamic Light‐Driven Solid‐Liquid Transition and Static Reversible Photochromism by an Organic Cocrystal Strategy
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Huang Xueyong , Xing Menghao , Zhao Dongpu , Li Sitong , Cao Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

Developing of molecular crystalline materials with light‐induced multiple dynamic deformation in space dimension and photochromism on time scales has attracted much attention for its potential applications in actuators, sensoring and information storage. Nevertheless, organic crystals capable of both photoinduced dynamic effects and static color change are rare, particularly for multi‐component cocrystal system. In this study, we first report the construction of charge transfer cocrystal allows their light‐induced solid‐to‐liquid transition and photochromic behaviors to be controlled by trans‐stilbene (TSB) as an electron donor and 3,4,5,6‐tetrafluorophthalonitrile (TFP) as an electron acceptor. In this case, the dynamic photo‐responsive solid‐to‐liquid phase transition is due to the photoisomerization of TSB under UV light irradiation, while the accumulation of melted droplets during solid‐state photochemical process causes mechanical deformation of TSB‐TFP cocrystals. The subsequent reversible photochromic behavior is attributed to the emergence of free radicals through a photo‐induced electron transfer. Moreover, TSB‐TFP microcrystals present typical excitation wavelength dependent emission (EWDE) fluorescence by surfactant‐mediated method. This work realizes the dynamic‐static photochemical cascade processes in response to UV light irradiation in an organic cocrystal system, providing the effective method for a new type of smart photo‐responsive materials.
Ribose Sugar Alters Conformational Sampling of G⋅T Mismatched Duplex DNA
Authors: Jaisal Manjula , Sannapureddi Rajesh Kumar Reddy , Ash Subhaprad , Sathyamoorthy Bharathwaj
Published: January 2025

Polymerases erroneously incorporate Guanine‐Thymine (dG⋅dT) mismatches in genomic DNA that further evades repair by transient sampling of tautomeric/ionic states compromising fidelity of repairing dG⋅dT mismatches. In conjunction, significant frequency of ribose (mis)incorporation in duplex DNA permits for misincorporated‐mismatch in the genome. Ribose incorporated G (rG) mismatched with T (rG⋅dT) is the most stable across all misincorporated‐mismatch calling into question the conformational consequences of the ribose sugar in addition to the mismatch. In this work, the effects of single rG⋅dT is investigated within a dodecamer DNA duplex employing solution‐state NMR spectroscopy, partial anisotropic measurements in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the impact on base pairs and the overall duplex structure. It is observed that rG⋅dT pairs exhibit enhanced flexibility in both base‐pair and sugar dynamics compared to dG⋅dT, and the perturbations are enhanced in comparison to a ribose incorporated adenine‐thymine (rA−dT) pair. The structural perturbations compared between rG⋅dT and dG⋅dT provides clues on plausible recognition modes of ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) pathway that looks for misincorporated ribose and mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes that scout for a mismatch.
Investigating the impact of synonymous gene recoding on a recombinantly expressed monoclonal antibody under different process parameters
Authors: Kaissarian Nayiri M. , Sandefur Stephanie L. , Ghosh Arnab , Katneni Upendra K. , Walton Wendy , Frye Christopher C. , Komar Anton A. , Kimchi‐Sarfaty Chava
Published: January 2025

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are commonly used biologic therapeutics with a wide variety of clinical applications. During the development process, manufacturers consider different production parameters to improve protein yield and achieve appropriate quality of the product. Synonymous gene recoding is one of such attributes that is often considered and implemented to enhance protein expression. However, it has to be used with caution, as it may lead to protein misfolding and ER stress, which complicates efforts to manufacture the desired mAb. To investigate how changing mRNA sequence composition under different protein production parameters might affect the quality of recombinantly produced mAbs, we performed a comprehensive and systematic study assessing impact of synonymous gene recoding (commonly referred to as codon optimization) strategies in the context of varied cell culture parameters on product quality, biochemical and functional characteristics. We report the impact of these parameters on mAb glycosylation profiles, charge variant profile, aggregation, fragmentation, and mAb functional response from combinations of different production parameters. These results uncovered a complex interplay of sequence composition and manufacturing parameters and emphasize the importance of assessing changes to key quality attributes when optimizing mAb manufacturing, including the use of synonymous gene recoding.
Conducting a Co‐Operative Inquiry in the Field of Counselling: Critical Reflections and Learnings From a ‘First‐Time’ Inquirer
Authors: McGarry Amanda
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Co‐operative inquiry, a form of participatory action research, has been utilised as a method within the counselling field for some time, and whilst reflections have been shared about the use of this outside of the field, little commentary has been offered from within it. This paper outlines critical reflections and learnings from conducting a co‐operative inquiry as a ‘first time inquirer’ to provide insight for other ‘first timers’, and those conducting this method within the counselling field.

Method

Nine co‐researchers met on 11 occasions from March to October 2022, exploring various aspects in relation to the research topic. Thoughts and experiences were communicated in a variety of ways, through poetry, storytelling, and journaling. The researcher kept a reflexive journal throughout the co‐operative inquiry process, noting the importance of this process to participatory research.

Findings and Discussion

The reflections highlighted are based around key areas of the inquiry, such as how the group set off, the nature of meetings, and how the data analysis process was managed. Various points of discussion are highlighted such as the use of a working agreement, power dynamics, and the impact of the day job. In addition, this paper outlines a pragmatic approach to co‐operative inquiry suitable for doctoral level research.
Synthesis, Biological Activities, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking Studies of O‐Methyl‐Inositols
Authors: Aksu Kadir , Ayvaz Melek Çol , Çelik Ömer Faruk , Serdaroğlu Goncagül , Üstün Elvan , Kelebekli Latif
Published: January 2025

The concise synthesis of O‐methyl‐d‐inositol derivative and conduritol derivatives was obtained starting from p‐benzoquinone. Spectroscopic methods have been performed for the characterization of newly synthesized compounds. Cyclitols are useful molecules with anticancer, antibiotic, antinutrient, and antileukemic activities. Inositol class molecules, known as the most important cyclitol derivatives, were examined in this study for their 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radical scavenging and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and glycosidase inhibition activities. It was observed that compound 5, in particular, showed efficacy that competed with the standards in terms of both antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitor potential. Additionally, compound 5 shows effective antimicrobial activity. The water‐soluble characteristics and lipophilic properties of the compounds were also considered and discussed. Moreover, the quantum chemical analyses were performed in light of the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311G** level computations to elucidate/compare the studied inositols’ possible reactivity directions. Additionally, the interactions of the molecules were analyzed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), peroxiredoxin 5, and DNA gyrase by molecular docking methods. Cholinesterase inhibitors have an important status as the most important drug group used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease today. Considering the effects of inhibition of the α‐glucosidase enzyme by inhibitors, such molecules can also be used as therapeutic components in the treatment of diabetes.
A Review of Bavachinin and Its Derivatives as Multi‐Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Zeng Jun Lin , Lan Jin Xia , Dai Wei , Liu Sheng Lan , Huang Hao , Shu Guang Zhao , Huang Le Jun , Kang Si Shuang , Chen Bin , Hou Wen
Published: January 2025

Extracting natural active ingredients from plants is an effective way to develop and screen modern drugs. Psoralea corylifolia (PC) is a leguminous plant whose seeds have long been used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat psoriasis, rheumatism, dermatitis, and other diseases. To date, several main compounds, including coumarins, flavonoids, monoterpene phenols, and benzofurans, have been identified from the seeds of PC. Among them, bavachinin is a type of flavonoid with various biological activities. In this article, the biological activities and mechanisms of action of bavachinin and its derivatives are reviewed. It includes the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bavachinin and its derivatives, as well as its prominent anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and antiviral pharmacological activities and related metabolic studies. Bavachinin displayed these activities through different receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs), as well as multiple signaling pathways and enzyme systems. In summary, bavachinin and its derivatives have potential drug development value in many fields, such as anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, nervous system disease, and diabetes. We believe that this review will lay a foundation for bavachinin‐based drug development throughout the world.
Delving Into lncRNA‐Mediated Regulation of Autophagy‐Associated Signaling Pathways in the Context of Breast Cancer
Authors: Hsu Chou‐Yi , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Bansal Pooja , Kaur Harpreet , Ahmad Irfan , Saud Abdulnaser , Deorari Mahamedha , Al‐Mashhadani Zuhair I. , Kumar Abhinav , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is a multifaceted and prevalent malignancy, impacting a considerable proportion of women globally. Numerous signaling pathways intricately regulate cellular functions such as growth, proliferation, and survival. Among the various regulators, lncRNAs have emerged as significant players despite their inability to encode proteins. An expanding body of literature underscores the pivotal roles lncRNAs play in cancer biology, particularly in the context of breast cancer. Autophagy, the cellular process dedicated to the degradation and recycling of cellular components, is now recognized as a crucial factor in cancer initiation and progression. The interplay between lncRNAs, various signaling pathways, and autophagy in the pathophysiology of breast cancer remains an active area of investigation. Researchers have identified specific lncRNAs that are dysregulated in breast cancer patients, influencing the modulation of key signaling pathways. Using experimental methodologies and bioinformatics approaches, multiple lncRNAs have been elucidated, providing deeper insights into their contributions to breast cancer pathogenesis and metastatic processes. In summary, the pathophysiological landscape of breast cancer is characterized by the complex interactions involving lncRNA‐mediated autophagy. This understanding paves the way for identifying novel therapeutic targets, prognostic markers, and diagnostic markers, ultimately contributing to improved treatment outcomes in breast cancer management.
Improving the Nutritional Quality of Instant Noodles Made From Wheat Flour Using Dry and Wet Fractionated Mungbean Protein Ingredients
Authors: Skylas Daniel J. , Whiteway Chris , Webster Theo , Messina Valeria , Richard Sonya , Siah Siem Doo , Quail Ken J.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

The nutritional quality of instant noodles can be improved using dry and wet fractionated mungbean protein ingredients. Wheat flour was blended with mungbean protein concentrate and protein isolate to produce high‐protein instant noodles of around 15%, 20%, and 25% protein. The effects on nutritional composition, protein quality, texture, cooking, and color properties of instant noodles were investigated.

Findings

Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the nutritional, physico‐chemical, and functional properties of wheat flour and mungbean protein ingredients. Water and oil holding capacities were higher for mungbean protein isolate and protein concentrate compared to mungbean and wheat flour ingredients. Blends of wheat flour with mungbean protein concentrate and protein isolate produced instant noodles with significantly higher (p < 0.05) protein and mineral content, and lower fat content, compared to the wheat flour control. The protein content of instant noodles ranged from 9.1 to 23.6 g/100 g (db.). Linear regression analysis showed a strong relationship between protein content and noodle firmness (R = 0.965). There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in lysine content (1.7–11.5 mg/g flour) with the addition of protein concentrate and isolate, improving the amino acid score of lysine from 0.34 to 0.91. The color properties of fried instant noodles showed increased redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), and lightness (L*) decreased with increasing protein content. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in cooking losses but there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in water uptake, being lower for instant noodles blended with protein isolate.

Conclusions

Instant noodles blended with wheat flour and mungbean protein concentrate and isolate had higher protein content, with improved nutritional composition and protein quality. Instant noodles blended with protein concentrate had significantly lower (p < 0.05) levels of fat and sodium content, and higher levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, compared to those blended with protein isolate. Instant noodles with improved nutritional composition have the potential to deliver increased health benefits to consumers.

Significance and Novelty

The key findings from this study will inform food manufacturers of the health benefits of mungbean and encourage the use of dry fractionated mungbean protein concentrate ingredients in popular and widely consumed food products.
Atrial Tachyarrhythmia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Shriya , Giri Ganesh , Khadka Sadiksha , Goswami Rohan
Published: January 2025

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heritable myocardial condition that mostly affects the right ventricle (RV). Atrial involvement is poorly understood and the evidence for atrial involvement remains limited. In this case report, we describe an 18‐year‐old woman who had ARVC with the atrial tachyarrhythmia and initially presented with palpitations. As a rare disorder, ARVC requires a careful diagnosis to prevent unnecessary delays in patient care. In our case, the definitive diagnosis of ARVC was made as per Revised International Task Force Criteria 2010.
Well‐Controlled Block‐Type Cyclic Olefin Copolymers with High Heat Resistance, Outstanding Strength and Low‐Temperature Toughness
Authors: Huang Dong , Li Jin , Lu Xu , Zhang Kunyu , Wang Fei , Wu Di , Wang Yafei , Pan Li , Li Yang , Li Yuesheng
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive Summary

As an important class of transparent polyolefins, cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) exhibit a wide range of properties, from soft (low cyclic unit content in a random copolymer) to hard (high cyclic unit content in a random copolymer) thermoplastics. A higher cyclic unit content in a random copolymer results in increased rigidity and heat resistance, but at the expense of material toughness, especially under low temperature. To achieve a trade‐off, block‐type COCs composed of well‐defined hard‐soft and hard‐soft‐hard segments with high molecular weights (Mn > 200 kDa) and relatively narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.42) were prepared via quasi‐living copolymerization. Compared to random copolymers, di‐block COCs retained satisfactory heat resistance and optical transparency and exhibited superior tensile properties (tensile strength: 56.2 MPa, elongation at break: 254.4%), while tri‐block COCs with the same hard‐soft segments and an additional hard segment exhibited even better tensile properties, achieving a tensile strength of 67.3 MPa, elongation at break of 286.9%, all while maintaining high optical transmittance (> 90%). Even at temperatures below 0 °C, the tri‐block copolymers EN52‐b‐EN19‐b‐EN46 demonstrated a satisfactory tensile strength (> 64.0 MPa) and elongation at break (> 65.6%), highlighting the advantages of the alternating hard‐soft segment structural design in COCs.
Incidence and Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Real‐Life Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors: The Follow‐Up Results of the ANATOLIA‐AF Study
Authors: Kocabaş Umut , Ergin Isil , Sönmez Sadi Can , Yavuz Veysel , Murat Selda , Özdemir Ibrahim Halil , Genç Ömer , Tüner Haşim , Meriç Bengisu Keskin , Aslan Onur , Dal Ahmet , Taşkın Uğur , Şen Taner , İbişoğlu Ersin , Erdoğan Aslan , Özgeyik Mehmet , Demir Mevlüt , Urgun Örsan Deniz , Doğduş Mustafa , Çakal Sinem , Çayırlı Sercan , Güler Arda , Karabulut Dilay , Dalgıç Onur , Murat Bektaş , Karabulut Umut , Öztekin Gülsüm Meral Yılmaz , Biter Halil İbrahim , Sinan Ümit Yaşar , Barış Veysel Özgür , Kaplan Mehmet , Altın Cihan , Kıvrak Tarık
Published: January 2025

Objective

The main objective of this study is to determine the incidence and predictors of clinical outcomes in patients with AF treated with factor Xa inhibitors in a real‐world setting.

Methods

The present study was a multicentre and observational study that included patients with AF who were treated with factor Xa inhibitors. The primary outcome was the composite of ischemic stroke, TIA, systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all‐cause mortality.

Results

A total of 1162 patients from 26 cardiology centers were included in this study, with a median age of 72 years. During the median 12‐month follow‐up period, the primary outcome occurred in 195 patients (16.8%). Treatment with rivaroxaban compared with apixaban and edoxaban showed a lower rate of ischemic stroke, TIA, and/or systemic embolism (2.2% vs. 4.7% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p = 0.014). The major bleeding rate was similar between all three factor Xa inhibitors. The all‐cause mortality rate in the rivaroxaban group was lower compared with the apixaban and edoxaban groups (9.8% vs. 15.1% vs. 12.4%, respectively, p = 0.042). Overall, the frequency of primary outcome was 13.8%, 19.6%, and 20.6% for patients treated with rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, respectively (p = 0.019). Older age, male sex, low body weight, high bleeding risk, heart failure, hypertension, liver failure, and treatment with apixaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. were independently associated with the development of primary outcome.

Conclusion

The follow‐up data from the ANATOLIA‐AF study provides detailed data about the incidence and independent predictors of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AF treated with factor Xa inhibitor treatment.
Analyzing Pathophysiology and Immune Cells and Their Cytokines and Mediators in Precision‐Cut Slices of the Murine Lung
Authors: Tatcheff Michaela , Carvalho Christine , Willar Jonas , Nendel Elvedina , Krammer Susanne , Chiriac Mircea T. , Zhou Shuting , Geppert Carol I. , Finotto Susetta
Published: January 2025

Understanding the dynamic pathophysiology of diseases in the lung, such as asthma and chronic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, is crucial for the treatment, analysis, and outcome of these diseases. Unlike other traditional models, we suggest a protocol that is sustainable and reproducible and offers different analysis methods while maintaining in vivo lung architecture and immune dynamics. This protocol allows one to study the pathophysiological changes, including changes to the immune cells, cytokines, and mediators, in 30 precision‐cut lung slices from a single murine lung. To accomplish this, the murine lung is infused with 2.5% low‐melting‐point agarose and is precision‐cut‐sliced. Our method also supports cell culture in refined medium and stimulation with clinically relevant stimuli, which helps to clarify the mechanisms of the disease. Evaluation of the samples and their supernatant includes multiplex assays, ELISA, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Additional sections are used to extract RNA for quantitative real‐time PCR and RNA sequencing and/or other selected analysis, like flow cytometry. Using this method, we obtained murine lung slices that preserve the pathophysiology of the disease and allow a comprehensive analysis unlike other already‐existing protocols. By retaining the dynamic immune mechanisms, we are able to see the histological damage caused by each disease. The results of this protocol can be used to improve our understanding and therapy options. © 2025 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Obtaining precision‐cut lung slices (PCLSs) from the murine lung

Support Protocol 1: LL/2 cell treatment with G‐418 solution

Support Protocol 2: Murine model of lung adenocarcinoma and in vivo imaging

Support Protocol 3: H&E staining of PCLS sections

Support Protocol 4: Measuring cytokines by ELISA

Support Protocol 5: Measuring cytotoxic activity in PCLS conditioned medium

Support Protocol 6: Analysis of RNA from PCLSs by real‐time PCR

Support Protocol 7: Flow cytometry analysis of cells isolated from PCLSs
A User Pairing Algorithm for the Uplink NOMA With Imperfect CSI
Authors: Sameti Zahra , Abolhassani Bahman , Farahmand Shahrokh
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the problem of user pairing across subcarriers is investigated for the uplink non‐orthogonal multiple‐access (NOMA) systems, in which every subcarrier is assigned to exactly two users. Considering fixed transmit power for all users, we pair users such that sum‐rate is maximized over all subcarriers. While different (near) optimum allocation schemes exist in the literature, they pertain to perfect channel state information (CSI), which is impractical. To overcome this limitation, we assume statistical CSI is available in the form of the first two moments of channel gains. Then, we maximize a lower bound on the sum rate over user pairings utilizing a block coordinate ascent (BCA) approach with guaranteed convergence to a suboptimal solution. Numerical results corroborate a satisfactory performance for our proposed algorithm versus the perfect CSI benchmark and a simple random assignment approach. For high signal to noise ratios (SNRs) and the more challenging frequency selective fading setup, the solution of our proposed algorithm comes close to those of the optimal pairing with perfect CSI. Furthermore, simulations revealed that if the proposed BCA is utilized assuming perfect CSI, it performs similar to the well‐known global optimum in the frequency flat fading setup and outperforms the best existing near‐optimal solution in the frequency selective fading scenario. These observations offer a testament to the strength of the proposed BCA algorithm in both perfect and imperfect CSI conditions.
Novel Distributed Downlink Resource Allocation Methods for Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Altin Ilke , Akar Mehmet
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes novel distributed subchannel and power allocation algorithms for heterogeneous networks. First, we introduce a subchannel allocation algorithm that minimizes the maximum effective interference experienced by users in the network. We analytically prove that the proposed subchannel allocation algorithm minimizes the effective interference in the network. Subsequently, two power control algorithms are presented for the power allocation problem, and their convergence analysis is given. Afterward, the improvement in throughput by utilizing the proposed power control algorithm is shown by simulations. Finally, the proposed subchannel and power allocation algorithms are combined to form a joint resource allocation method, which is shown to outperform existing distributed resource allocation methods in the literature.
Recent Update on Teledermatology
Authors: Babaei Mahsa , Gholizadeh Nasim , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Teledermatology, a branch of telemedicine, utilizes telecommunication technologies for remote dermatological care, covering diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. This study presents a review of the latest advances in teledermatology.

Method

Database searches were performed within PubMed, EMBase, and Google Scholar using the keywords “Artificial Intelligence,” “Teledermatology,” “Telemedicine,” and “Dermatology.” All relevant documents were screened and included in the study.

Results

Teledermatology employs synchronous and asynchronous interactions alongside remote monitoring, breaking geographical barriers to access dermatologic expertise. Supported by digital imaging, secure communication platforms, and artificial intelligence, teledermatology aids in diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up. In education, teledermatology facilitates remote learning, case review, and interdisciplinary collaboration, providing access to diverse patient populations and mentorship opportunities. It also contributes to continuing medical education and telemedicine skill development. In research, teledermatology supports epidemiological studies, diagnostic accuracy assessments, clinical trials, and quality improvement initiatives. Despite its benefits, challenges like image quality, regulatory issues, and the digital divide persist.

Conclusion

The evolution of teledermatology depends on technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and reimbursement models. By addressing challenges and embracing innovation, teledermatology promises to enhance dermatologic care, patient outcomes, and healthcare efficiency in the digital era.
Continuous risk monitoring and management of heart failure: Rationale and design of the ALLEVIATE‐HF trial
Authors: Butler Javed , Kahwash Rami , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Gerritse Bart , Laechelt Aimee , Wehking Jennifer , Sarkar Shantanu , van Dorn Brian , Laager Verla , Patel Nirav , Zile Michael R. ,   on behalf of the ALLEVIATE‐HF Investigators
Published: January 2025

Aims

Early identification and management of worsening heart failure (HF) is necessary to prevent disease progression and hospitalizations. The ALLEVIATE‐HF (Algorithm Using LINQ Sensors for Evaluation and Treatment of Heart Failure) trial is a prospective, randomized, controlled, double‐blind, multicentre trial that aims to assess the safety and efficacy of using the Reveal LINQ™ insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) in patients with HF to continuously monitor and evaluate HF risk status and guide timely interventions.

Methods

The ICM algorithm uses parameters derived from electrocardiogram (atrial fibrillation [AF], ventricular rate during AF, heart rate variability, and night heart rate), three‐axis accelerometer (patient activity duration), and subcutaneous bioimpedance (fluid volume, respiration rate). The trial will enroll ~760 patients with New York Heart Association class II or III HF with recent hospitalization for HF or needing intravenous diuretics in the outpatient setting or elevated natriuretic peptide levels, who do not have an implanted cardiac implantable electronic device or haemodynamic monitor. Patients are randomized to an observation or an intervention arm, where the latter will receive an intervention pathway with remote nurses implementing individualized pro re nata (PRN or ‘as needed’) 4‐day medication interventions for acute volume management upon high risk. After 13 months of randomized follow‐up, all patients enter an unblinded prolonged follow‐up phase with PRN interventions upon high risk. The primary hierarchical composite endpoint for the study includes cardiovascular death, HF events, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score, and 6‐min walk test distance.

Conclusion

ALLEVIATE‐HF will evaluate how ICM‐based HF management can impact the outcomes of patients with HF regardless of ejection fraction.
Pitfalls in Early Bioprocess Development Using Shake Flask Cultivations
Authors: Brauneck Gesa , Engel Dominik , Grebe Luca Antonia , Hoffmann Maximilian , Lichtenberg Philipp Georg , Neuß Anne , Mann Marcel , Magnus Jorgen Barsett
Published: January 2025

For about 100 years, the shake flask has been established for biotechnological cultivations as one of the most important cultivation systems in early process development. Its appeal lies in its simple handling and highly versatile application for a wide range of cell types—from bacteria to mammalian cells. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on the shake flask, to not perform processes blindly but to gain a deeper understanding of the various process parameters, phenomena, and their impact on the process. Although the characterization of the shake flask is now well‐established in literature, many publications show that this knowledge is often inadequately applied. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on various topics related to the shake flask. We first present the key process parameters and their influence on different physical phenomena, such as power input, the largely unknown in‐phase/out‐of‐phase phenomenon, as well as temperature and mass transfer. Then, the most common online monitoring systems that have been established for shake flasks are discussed. Finally, various pitfalls that often arise from inadequate knowledge of handling shake flask cultivations are discussed and guidance on how to avoid them is provided.
Effective Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Network
Authors: Ananth J. P. , Kumar Pankaj , Belsam Jeba Ananth M. , Cristin R.
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) are developed by diverse industries as a substitute for vehicles with internal combustion engines, with many compensations that are environment‐friendly. The amount of EVs is likely to rise fast in the approaching ages. However, uncoordinated vehicle charging may significantly stress the power grid. The main objective of the devised model is to minimize the charging time and waiting time for EVs by distributing equal power resources. Therefore, an energy‐aware multi‐objective system in a cloud‐internet of things (IoT)‐based electric vehicular network for a priority‐based charge‐scheduling scheme is proposed here and established as follows. Initially, the network with the EV location as well as the charge station (CS) location is simulated. Then, the charging planning is performed by determining the CS selection using the fractional spotted hyena jellyfish optimization (FSHJSO) considering a multi‐objective function. Subsequently, the charge scheduling is performed using the established hybrid deep learning (DL) approach namely MobileNet neural network (MNN‐Net) based on various objectives. The integration of MobileNet with deep neural network (DNN) forms the MNN‐Net. By employing deep neuro‐fuzzy network (DNFN), the power prediction is done. The efficiency of the developed MNN‐Net is validated with some methods and achieved superior performance with an average waiting time of 11.796 s, distance 0.067 m, available power 53.657 W and number of EVs charged 63.
Advancing health equity: Why guideline development must prioritize fairness and justice
Authors: Dewidar Omar , Pardo Jordi Pardo , Peña‐Rosas Juan Pablo , Thomas Rebecca , Welch Vivian , Tugwell Peter
Published: January 2025

Health equity should be regarded as a fundamental principle and a priority for all guideline development organizations. Yet, this principle has not been consistently prioritized in the creation of mainstream guidelines. In this commentary, we examine a real‐world example from leprosy management, where the initial lack of integration of health equity considerations in the guideline recommendations did not consider the potential impact of the recommendations on the health of populations most affected by leprosy. We also highlight subsequent changes in the guideline development process that reflect stronger consideration of health equity, addressing some of the previous issues propagated with historical practices. We also draw on other examples from several fields to further illustrate the impact of integrating health equity considerations in guidelines. Building on evaluations of guidelines for health equity and real‐world experiences, we highlight some of the common challenges in integrating health equity considerations in the guideline development process. We propose potential solutions using existing tools and frameworks and outlining key research priorities to further advance this goal.