bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of wounds due to animals at an emergency department
Authors: KODİK Meltem Songür , GÖKÇEK Kemal , UZ İlhan , KIYAN Güçlü Selahattin
Published: June 2020

Aim: Due to the risk of rabies contamination and infection, wounds by animals are a significant public health concern. Rabies are still encountered in Turkey. The knowledge of the epidemiology and surveillance of animal bites and rabies prophylaxis is critical in combating this disease. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of wounds due to animals and rabies prophylaxis at the emergency department of Ege University Faculty of Medicine.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and retrospective study, the medical records of patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Ege University Faculty of Medicine between 01.03.2016 and 01.12.2018 with wounds due to animals were reviewed. Of the 427 cases reviewed, four cases (0.9%) due to rats and two patients (0.5%) wounded by bats were not included in the analysis.‎

Results: Of the 421 applicants, 266 were males (63.2%), and 155 were females (36.8%). Forty-five patients (10.6%) were aged ≤10 (10.6%). Adults aged 18-59 years constituted 78.8% (n=332) of the applications. Most commonly, the wounds were in the lower extremities (220, 53.3%). The attacks were made commonly by dogs (n=312, 74.1%). Immunoglobulins were administered to patients who had injuries extending to the subcutaneous tissues (n=23, 5.5%). The majority of the patients were wounded by stray animals (288, 68.4%). All these patients received the rabies vaccine. On the other hand, the majority of patients wounded by owned animals (n=69, 16.4%) got a rabies vaccine as well (n=59, 85.5%).

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the most significant risks were due to stray animals. It can be concluded that controls and vaccination of owned animals are insufficient, requiring immunization after the injuries. Additionally, to reduce animal bites and prevent rabies, public education about animal bites will be useful as well.
Gotowość do złożenia zawiadomienia o popełnieniu przestępstwa w kontekście sytuacji psychologicznej osoby pokrzywdzonej
Authors: Leśniak Barbara , Leśniak Marek
Published: June 2020

The authors rely on Tadeusz Tomaszewski’s theory of psychological circumstance. The theory distinguishes between normal and difficult circumstances. A person’s par-ticular circumstances (for example a crime victim’s circumstances) may be analyzed objectively and subjectively. The first of these assumes that elements of the situation are described from the outside (independently on the entity’s psychological features and his or her experience). The second demands finding the situation from the entity’s per-spective. Law enforcement personnel should be able to determine a victim’s subjective psychological circumstances and be able to adjust it to the situation. It allows to reduce a victim’s resistance against crime reporting and allows the reduction of the impact of vic-timization and secondary victimization. This approach requires adequately trained stuff.
Karać czy zasądzać — dylematy towarzyszące odpowiedzialności karnej za zniesławienie
Authors: Kotas Jarosław
Published: June 2020

The Polish debate concerning the appropriate scope of freedom of expression and freedom of the press has a long history dating back almost 30 years. One of the crucial points in this debate is the criminal character of defamation in Poland. The text attempts to present the contemporary Polish legal regulations on defamation and also mentions some foreign solutions. The author analyses the normative notion of freedom of expres-sion in Polish constitutional circumstances and within the light of national and inter-national jurisprudence, concerning the limits of state intervention into the rights of free expression. The article postulates changes in the Polish regulations, at least the removal of restrictions and imprisonment from the Penal Code. Instead, the civil procedure shall be reformed to become friendlier and accessible for victims of violations of their per-sonal dignity and the public picture. The prospects for this to occur in the existing Polish political reality are rather doubtful.
La corte del califa. Cuatro años en la Córdoba de los omeya
Authors: Elices Ocón Jorge
Published: June 2020

Eduardo Manzano Moreno, La corte del califa. Cuatro años en la Córdoba de los omeyas, 2019, Crítica, Serie Mayor, Barcelona, 475 págs. ISBN: 978-84-9199-028-4
Mujeres, Dones, Mulleres, Emakumeak. Estudios sobre la historia de las mujeres y del género
Authors: Lemus Encarnación
Published: June 2020

Teresa Ortega López, Ana Aguado Higón, Elena Hernández Sandoica, E., Mujeres, Dones, Mulleres, Emakumeak: Estudios sobre la historia de las mujeres y del género, Madrid, Cátedra, 2019, 421 págs, ISBN 978-84-376-3977-2
Analisis Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Secara Elektronik pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Gresik
Authors: Mulyono* Purnomo Edi
Published: June 2020

Benefits of e-procurement is not only for the agency or the developer of the system itself but also for the providers of goods and services and the general public who want to know the process of procurement of goods and services procurement organizers get More bid prices and more simple nobility processes. As for the provider of goods/services can expand the business opportunity, create a healthy business competition, open the opportunity of business actors openly for anyone and reduce administrative costs. Additionally, e-procurement is also believed to improve collaboration between buyers and suppliers, reducing personnel needs, improving coordination, reducing transaction costs, shorter buying and selling of goods, facilitating Greater inventory and transparency. Information technology can make costs more effective and public procurement systems are more innovative.
Personal Guarante Terhadap Perjanjian Kredit Dengan Jaminan Hak Tanggungan
Authors: Sukmawati, SH* Murlyta Nevi
Published: June 2020

Didalam pengaturan Hukum Keperdataan Personal guarantee termasuk kedalam kategori penanggungan utang yang dalam sistem hukum nasional kita diatur dalam Pasal 1820-1850 Burgerlijk Wetboek (Selanjutnya disebut BW). Dalam Pasal 1820 BW disebutkan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan penanggungan adalah suatu perjanjian, dimana pihak ketiga, demi kepentingan kreditor, mengikatkan dirinya untuk memenuhi perikatan debitur, bila debitor itu tidak memenuhi perikatannya. Debitor dalam mengajukan utang tidak jarang untuk dimintai jaminan sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap terhadap hak kreditor. Tetapi dalam hal ini biasanya yang dijadikan objek jaminan bukan merupakan benda yang dimiliki oleh debitor melainkan pihak ketiga. Dalam lembaga jaminan hak tanggungan sering ditemukan bahwa pihak yang menjaminkan tanahnya sebagai objek hak tanggungan bukanlah si debitor, melainkan pihak ketiga diluar perjanjian kredit yang secara sukarela mengikatkan dirinya. Dalam hal ini penulis akan menyajikan penelitian secara normatif tentang Personal Guarantee dalam   perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan Hak Tanggungan.
Secondary Syphilis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Case Report
Authors: Fernandes Ade , Ervianti Evy
Published: June 2020

Background: Recently, the incidence of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) has increased rapidly, especially among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected MSM. Coinfection with these two organisms alter the symptoms and signs, progression of the disease, and the risk of progressing to the tertiary stage. Purpose: To report a case of secondary syphilis in HIV-infected MSM.  Case: A 24-year-old male complaint of multiple redness macule for 1-month duration on his chest, back, groin, palm, and soles. The rash was neither painful nor pruritic. He also complains of hair loss resulting "moth eaten" alopecia. One month before, he had a painless ulcer on his genital, which resolved without treatment. His HIV infection was diagnosed two years earlier. He had been sexually active with multiple homosexual partners without using a condom since 2010. The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) titer was 1/32, and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) was 1/20480. Initial treatment was a single dose of 2.4 million units of benzathine penicillin. Serologic examination was reevaluated on month 1, 3, 6, and 9 after therapy and declined in the third month. Discussion: For HIV-infected persons, the clinical manifestations of syphilis in most of the cases remain the same. However, the lesions are more aggressive, and coexistence of primary and secondary syphilis is more frequent. Serologic tests are accurate and reliable for the diagnosis and for following a patient’s response to treatment. Penicillin is effective but physical and serological follow up is needed. Conclusion: HIV-infected MSM have higher risk of syphilis. Staging is needed to determine the treatment. Serologic examination should be repeated and long enough to monitor the treatment success.
PENGARUH LAMA WAKTU PENGHITUNGAN STRAW DAN POSISI JARAK STRAW DIATAS PERMUKAAN NITROGEN CAIR TERHADAP MOTILITAS DAN VIABILITAS SEMEN BEKU SAPI MADURA POST THAWING
Authors: Ardiana Lutfi , Hardijanto Hardijanto , Damayanti Ratna , Sardjito Trilas , Mustofa Imam , Utomo Budi
Published: June 2020

Aims of this research was to determine the effect of the duration of straw count and the position of straw from liquid nitrogen surface to the motility and viability of post thawing frozen Madura cattle. This study used a sample derived from Madura cattle (Pasean OO 1220) from BBIB singosari as much as 54 straw divided into 9 treatments. P1 (1cm 10 sec), P2 (1cm 20 sec), P3 (1cm 40 sec), P4 (2cm 10 sec), P5 (2cm 20 sec), P6 (2cm 40 sec), P7 (3cm 10 sec), P8 (3cm 20 sec), P9 (3cm 40 sec) and repeated as much as 6 times then observed for motility and viability of post thawing spermatozoa. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. The results showed that the duration of straw count and the position of straw from liquid nitrogen significant (P<0,05) on post thawing motility. The position of straw from liquid nitrogen signifant (P<0,05) on post thawing viability. The conclusion of this research showed that 1 cm 40 sec give the higher post thawing motility.
KUALITAS MOTILITAS DAN VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA DARI SEMEN AFKIR SAPI LIMOUSIN PADA PENGENCER SUSU SKIM KUNING TELUR SITRAT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI KADAR GLUKOSA
Authors: Irvanto Rudi , Hardijanto Hardijanto , Paramita Widya , Susilowati Suherni , Damayanti L Tita , Safitri Erma
Published: June 2020

Quality of spermatozoa motility and viability from rejected limousin bull semen diluted with skim milk egg yolk sitrat added with various levels of glucose. Glucose level used were 0%, 0,5%, 1,5%, 2,5%, and 3,5%. Writer was using on four years old Limousine bull. Bull semen used in this research was bull rejected semen with bellow 70% motility. Semen observation was done at 0 hour, 24 hours and 48 hours. Research design used in this study was completely randomized design with faktorial pattern with 5 replicates. Highest result in motility this research was showed at 24 hours with 30% value in glucose 2,5% treatment and 48 hours with 10% value. The lowest result showed in glucose 0% treatment at 24 hours and 0% at 48 hours. Highest result in viability showed on glucose 2,5% treatment with 62,6% value at 24 hours and at 48 hours with 53,4% value. Lowest result in viability showed on glucose 0% treatment with 44,2% value at 24 hours and 31,4% value at 48 hours.
PENGARUH PENEMBAKAN LASERPUNKTUR PADA TITIK REPRODUKSI ITIK CAMPBELL (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) BETINA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TELUR
Authors: Renata Sena Sangga , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Estoepangestie A.T Soelih , Adikara R.T. Santanu , Tehupuring Benjamin Chr. , Hidanah Sri
Published: June 2020

The technology of laserpuncture in livestock is an acupuncture technique using Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) that is fired at acupuncture points as biological receptors that are related to organs that can provide stimulatory effects. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Airlangga University for 30 days using a sample of 18 cambell ducks divided into 3 treatments and laser shot with 3 days interval. Treatment 0 as control, treatment 1 got laser treatment dose 0,2 joule and treatment 2 got laser treatment dose 0,5 joule. On the final result of the eggs that have been in the production of duck research for 29 days. P2 given laser shootings with a dose of 0.5 joule yielded more eggs with 158 grains compared to P1 given laser shootings with a dose of 0.2 joules yielding 126 grains and P0 with inactivated laser yielding a total of 86 grains. The conclusion of this study is the shooting of laserpuncture dose of 0.2-0.5 joule can increase egg productivity
PENGARUH BAHAN PENGENCER SARI KACANG KEDELAI (Glycine max) TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN NEKROSIS SPERMATOZOA DOMBA SAPUDI
Authors: Immelda Kicky Hanis , Susilowati Suherni , Yudaniayanti Ira Sari
Published: June 2020

The purpose of  study  was  to find out the effect of different concentrations of  soya bean extractin sperm diluter, stored at 5°C toward sperm viability and necrosis. The semen was divided into four groups :  P0: 0.1 ml sapudi ram  + 1 ml of diluent yolk citrate, P1: sapudi ram  0.1 ml + 1 ml diluent  soybeans extract konsentration 5%,  P2: 0.1 ml sapudi ram  + 1 ml diluent soybeans extract konsentration 10%,  P3: 0.1 ml sheep semen + 1 ml diluent soybeans konsentration 15%. The result showed that the dose of  soya bean extract diluter konsentration of  15% could increase the viability percentage and could decrease the necrosis percentage of sperm.
PERSENTASE KEJADIAN KAWIN BERULANG SAPI PERAH YANG TELAH DI IB (INSEMINASI BUATAN) TINGKAT PETERNAK DESA NYAWANG KIDUL DI KUD TANI WILIS KECAMATAN SENDANG KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Setyadi Arda Wahyu , Srianto Pudji , Widodo Oky Setyo , Wurlina Wurlina , Samik Abdul , Restiadi Tjuk Imam
Published: June 2020

Dairy cows farm business level of KUD Tani Wilis in Nyawang Kidul, Sendang district, Tulungagung city has some problems resulting low livestock productivity. One of the causes of low levels of dairy reproductivity is the incidence of repeat breeder. Repeat breeder is a condition of a female cow that failed to breed after being mated three or more times with a normal and healthy fertilized bull. The main purpose of this research is to know the risk factor of repeat breeder in dairy cows at farmer level of KUD Tani Wilis in nyawang kidul, Sendang district, Tulungagung city. The type of research is descriptive research. This research was using 32 dairy cows from 6 breeders, the selection of cattles used Simple Random Sampling method. The collection data using questionnaires and direct observations in farms resulted that the evidence rate of dairy cattle's repeat breeder in this research is 45.7%. The results also showed that the influence of knowledge of farmers on disease or reproductive disorders positively correlated with the evidence of repeat breader.
Kualitas spermatozoa post-thawing pejantan sapi Friesian Holstein pada umur yang berbeda
Authors: Ristiani Widya Aulia , Yunus Muhammad , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu , Srianto Pudji , Mustofa Imam , Rimayanti Rimayanti
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to determine the post-thawing spermatozoa quality of Holstein-Friesian (HF) bulls at different ages. The samples were HF frozen semen of 3, 5, and 8-years -old age group produced by the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center.  Nine samples of each group were randomly purposive sampling, thawed in 37ºC water for 15 seconds, and assessed on the percentage of viability, motility, and abnormality of spermatozoa. The obtained data were analyzed using the ANOVA method, followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. The result showed that post-thawing spermatozoa viability in 5 and 8-year-old HF bull were 67 ± 6.67%, and 78 ± 7.59, both were higher (p <0.05) compared to 62.78 ± 5.76% in HF bulls 3-yearsold group. Likewise, the motility of those bull aged 5 and 8 years (69.44 ± 6.82 and 65.00 ± 9.68%, respectively) were higher (p <0.05) compared to 55, 56 ± 5.83% in 3-year-old HF bull. Meanwhile, the percentage of post-thawing spermatozoa abnormalities in the three age groups were 4.33 ± 1.96%, 5.89 ± 1.90%, and 5.33 ± 1.41%, not significantly different (p> 0.05) respectively. It concluded that the best quality of post-thawing HF semen based on the percentage of viability, motility, and morphologic abnormality was collected from 5-8 years old bull. Nevertheless, spermatozoa from the three age goups still meet the Indonesia standard quality of frozen semen for artificial insemination.
Profil bakteri non spesifik dalam lendir serviks sapi perah pada fase folikuler dan fase luteal
Authors: Nur Maysarah Oktavia , Mulyati Sri , Sardjito Trilas , Chusniati Sri , Tyasningsih Wiwiek , Mafruchati Maslichah
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to identify non-specific bacteria found in the cervical mucus of dairy cattle in the follicular and luteal phase. Twenty cervical mucus samples were collected from ten cows during their follicular phase and ten cows during their luteal phase. Sampling was carried out with the help of an artificial insemination gun and a plastic sheath, which were protected by a sheath cover. After insertion into cervix, the tip of the plastic sheath was cut and put into a tube prefilled with phosphate buffered saline. All samples were cultured in Blood Agar media and isolated in Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, Mac Conkey Agar, and Manitol Salt Agar. Gram staining was applied to distinguish gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; and followed with the catalase, spore, motility, and biochemical tests to further identify bacteria. The bacteria identified were of the genus Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Pasteurella. It could be concluded that non-specific bacteria of the same genus were identified in cervical mucus of dairy cows in their follicular and luteal phase, in a various of percentages.
Penggunaan kombinasi Gonadotropin untuk pengobatan hipofungsi ovarium pada sapi perah
Authors: Masruro Novia Alfi , Mulyati Sri , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Samik Abdul , Ratnani Hermin , Harijani Nenny
Published: June 2020

This case report aims to determine the response of estrus and pregnancy rates in dairy cows with ovarian hypofunction by administering a combination of gonadotropin hormones. The sample used was ten dairy cows that had been calving, were not pregnant, showed no signs of estrus for more than 60 days after the last calving and had ovarian hypofunction based on rectal palpation. All dairy cows were injected 300 IU PG-600, then divided into two groups, each injected with 100 and 300 IU hCG respectively for first group and second group, intramuscularly at the time of insemination. The results showed that the estrus response occurred in all cows, in 6-8 (6.8 ± 0.84) days (first group), and 6-7 (6.2 ± 0.45) days (second group). Trans-rectal palpation pregnancy diagnosis 60 days after artificial insemination showed that all dairy cows in both groups were pregnant. It could be concluded that the treatment of dairy cows suffering from ovarian hypofunction with a combination of 300 IU PG-600 and 100 IU hCG was sufficient to induce 100% estrus rates and 100% pregnancy rates.
Determinants of Toddler Toilet Training Readiness in the Kenjeran Community Health Center in Surabaya
Authors: Fatmawati Kartika , Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Toilet training for children is an attempt to train children to control bowel movements and urination. Besides, children are encouraged to be able to defecate and urinate in the specified place. The success of toilet training depends on the readiness of the child and family. This study aims to determine the factors that affect toilet training readiness for toddlers.Methods: The research design used is descriptive analysis, with a cross-sectional approach. The population at Kenjeran Community Health Center is 2.755 toddlers, and the sample used in this study is 25 toddlers with purposive sampling. The instrument used in this study was a children's toilet training questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the crosstab and chi-square analysis.Results: This study showed a relationship between the child's age and the child's sex with the readiness of the child's toilet training with p = 0.00 (α = 0.05).Conclusion: Nurses as health workers are expected to be educators to parents about the importance of toilet training in children by taking into account both physical, psychological, and environmental aspects in supporting the process of toilet training.
Les consommateurs, l’agriculture, la qualité et la sécurité des aliments : une analyse du questionnement des consommateurs et des réponses apportées
Authors: BONNY S.
Published: June 2020

L’article analyse les questionnements et les critiques souvent formulées aujourd’hui envers l’agriculture et l’alimentation modernes, et les réponses apportées par les acteurs concernés. Dans un premier temps, on cherche à mieux connaître la perception des risques par les consommateurs en matière de qualité et de sûreté des produits alimentaires en s’appuyant notamment sur diverses enquêtes récentes. L’article présente ensuite divers facteurs explicatifs du questionnement envers le type d’agriculture et d’alimentation actuel. A partir de là, on examine si les solutions proposées aux risques dénoncés et à la crise de confiance semblent adaptées. Or celles-ci apparaissent souvent comme des réponses essentiellement techniques à une demande ou des préoccupations qui ne sont pas seulement d’ordre technique.
Le volume d’herbe disponible par vache : un indicateur synthétique pour évaluer et conduire un pâturage tournant
Authors: DURU M.
Published: June 2020

Gérer un système de pâturage nécessite de définir de manière cohérente trois types de règles. Les règles de planification s’appuient le plus souvent sur des référentiels régionaux (chargement par saison en fonction des apports d’azote). Les règles opératoires (hauteur d’herbe résiduelle, intervalle entre deux utilisations) sont issues d’expérimentations. Les règles d’adaptation ne sont généralement pas spécifiées précisément ; cependant des moyens d’adaptation sont proposés (ajout ou retrait de parcelles) ainsi que des indicateurs de déclenchement de ces adaptations (état de l’herbe par exemple). La difficulté de conduite d’un système de pâturage est de rendre cohérent ces trois ensembles de règles. Il s’agit par exemple de dimensionner la surface allouée par vache de façon à obtenir une hauteur d’herbe résiduelle permettant une efficience agronomique élevée, tout en minimisant les adaptations à faire entre saisons et années.
A partir de suivis de pâturage dans trois réseaux d’élevage, nous montrons que le volume d’herbe disponible par équivalent vache - VHD - (somme des produits surface x hauteur de l’herbe des différentes parcelles, divisée par le nombre de vaches) est un indicateur permettant de relier les différentes règles de conduite du pâturage. En outre, les observations détaillées de la structure de la prairie pâturée pour différentes valeurs de VHD permettent de définir des seuils pour concilier les recommandations à l’échelle de la parcelle et la simplicité de conduite.
ADN et chromosomes
Authors: HAYES H.
Published: June 2020

Chaque chromosome contient une seule molécule d’ADN. L’ADN déroulé d’un noyau de cellule humaine mesurerait environ 1,8 m : chaque molécule d’ADN est enroulée et compactée en plusieurs étapes, grâce à l’association de différentes protéines, et loge dans le noyau de 6 µm de diamètre. Le degré de condensation de l’ADN est variable selon les régions chromosomiques et les régions les moins condensées sont les plus riches en gènes. L’ADN est composé d’une variété de séquences codantes ou non et répétées ou non dont l’organisation dans le chromosome est caractéristique de la métaphase. Certaines séquences peuvent être corrélées en partie avec les motifs de bandes spécifiques de chaque paire chromosomique produits par les techniques de marquage chromosomique.
Origine du polymorphisme de l’ADN
Authors: SCHIBLER L. , VAIMAN D. , CRIBIU E.P.
Published: June 2020

Le développement des techniques de biologie moléculaire a permis la mise en évidence d’une très importante variabilité de l’ADN tant au niveau chromosomique (remaniements) qu’au niveau nucléotidique (mutations ponctuelles). Les différentes sources de variabilité sont décrites. Les mécanismes potentiellement impliqués dans la genèse de ces polymorphismes sont passés en revue.
Polymorphismes moléculaires et phénotypes
Authors: TIXIER-BOICHARD M.
Published: June 2020

Les relations entre génotype et phénotype, initialement formalisées par la génétique mendélienne, peuvent être décrites plus précisément grâce à l’identification de la nature moléculaire d’une mutation et à l’étude des conséquences fonctionnelles de cette mutation. Sur un plan fonctionnel, les mutations peuvent être classées en trois catégories : perte de fonction, maintien partiel de la fonction avec interférences (action dominante négative), gain de fonction. Les anomalies génétiques fournissent les exemples les plus didactiques pour la compréhension de la relation génotype-phénotype. De nombreux travaux ont montré la grande diversité moléculaire des mutations responsables de maladies génétiques. Les effets sur le phénotype ne dépendent pas tant de la nature de la mutation que de sa localisation et de ses conséquences sur le fonctionnement du gène. Un polymorphisme peut affecter l’expression du gène (quantité ou structure des transcrits) ou peut modifier uniquement la structure de la protéine produite. Les conséquences fonctionnelles dépendront du mode d’action de la protéine modifiée, avec ou sans effet de dosage, avec ou sans interaction avec d’autres protéines ou des facteurs du milieu.
Etat des lieux de la cartographie du génome des ruminants
Authors: LEVÉZIEL H. , CRIBIU E.P.
Published: June 2020

Des progrès extrêmement rapides ont été réalisés au cours des dix dernières années dans la cartographie du génome des ruminants. Aujourd’hui, des informations sont disponibles pour près de 2600 (dont 600 gènes), 1000 (350) et 600 (250) loci respectivement chez les bovins, les ovins et les caprins. Des cartes génétiques couvrant plus de 90 % du génome ont été élaborées, avec un intervalle moyen entre marqueurs contigus qui, selon les espèces, est de l’ordre de 3 à 14 cM. Cet article résume les travaux récents et leur évolution.
Notion de gène candidat
Authors: MILAN D.
Published: June 2020

Lorsque l’analyse de performances permet de montrer qu’un gène gouverne une part importante de la variabilité d’un caractère, diverses approches sont possibles pour l’identifier : l’étude de candidats physiologiques afin d’identifier le gène recherché parmi les gènes connus intervenant dans ce caractère ; la cartographie fine de la région pour déterminer très précisément la position du gène recherché, jusqu’à ne plus trouver qu’un seul gène à cet endroit (démarche de clonage positionnel). Le plus souvent, le gène responsable est identifié par une combinaison de ces deux approches, en trouvant un candidat positionnel situé dans l’intervalle restreint où il est attendu. Dans certains cas cependant, l’étude de gènes connus ayant un effet similaire dans une autre espèce, permettra d’identifier rapidement le gène responsable.
Cartographie fine d’un gène et clonage positionnel
Authors: EGGEN A.
Published: June 2020

Le clonage positionnel consiste à identifier un gène d’intérêt à partir de la seule connaissance de sa localisation chromosomique. Cette stratégie est utilisée lorsqu’il n’existe aucun gène candidat évident ou aucun défaut biochimique spécifique. Elle comprend une localisation primaire, faite généralement par une analyse de liaison classique, puis une cartographie fine de la région d’intérêt permettant de réduire progressivement l’intervalle critique contenant le gène, d’identifier un ensemble de clones chevauchant et couvrant la région, de mettre en évidence les séquences codantes contenues dans cette région et enfin d’identifier le gène responsable du caractère étudié. Etant donné qu’une approche de clonage positionnel pure est lourde et longue à mettre en oeuvre, elle est souvent associée à une approche de cartographie comparée et de gènes candidats.
Exemple de cartographie fine : le cas du gène RN chez le porc
Authors: MILAN D. , ROBIC A. , CHARDON P. , IANNUCCELLI N. , CARITEZ J.C. , YERLE M. , GELLIN J. , LOOFT C. , ANDERSSON L. , ELSEN J.M. , LE ROY P.
Published: June 2020

En 1986, un gène majeur ayant un effet défavorable sur le rendement à la cuisson de la viande de porc a été mis en évidence. La constitution de familles informatives nous a permis de cartographier ce gène appelé RN sur le chromosome 15. Pour identifier le gène RN, nous avons successivement réalisé : la cartographie génétique fine de RN, la cartographie cytogénétique de marqueurs proches, des études de carte comparée, le développement de cartes d’irradiation de la région de RN chez le porc et chez l’Homme, le développement d’un contig de BAC couvrant près de 2 Mb, le développement d’une carte du déséquilibre de liaison de la région de RN chez le porc, le séquençage d’un BAC contenant le gène RN, l’identification d’un gène encore inconnu membre d’une famille de gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme du glucose/glycogène, l’identification d’une mutation causale dans la séquence codante de ce gène.
Recherche de gènes associés à des fonctions : l’approche fonctionnelle
Authors: HATEY F.
Published: June 2020

L’objectif est ici de partir de la fonction pour identifier les gènes d’intérêt. Cette identification passe par le séquençage des extrémités des ADN complémentaires pour donner des «étiquettes». Cette stratégie est très efficace, même si, compte tenu des mécanismes de transcription et des contraintes expérimentales, des étiquettes différentes peuvent correspondre à un même gène. L’analyse de l’expression différentielle entre des animaux extrêmes pour un caractère permet d’accéder directement aux gènes d’intérêt pour ce caractère. Les analyses peuvent être ciblées sur les gènes régulés ou être systématiques ; c’est le cas des filtres haute densité et des microréseaux qui permettent d’étudier un répertoire très large de transcrits. Le projet Asteroger lancé par l’INRA a pour objectif d’établir un tel répertoire dans quatre espèces animales. Ce répertoire va constituer un outil précieux aussi bien en physiopathologie qu’en génétique où il facilitera la mise en oeuvre de la stratégie d’identification des gènes majeurs et des QTL par l’approche ‘candidat positionnel’.
La génomique fonctionnelle de la glande mammaire des ruminants
Authors: LE PROVOST F. , LEROUX C. , MARTIN P.
Published: June 2020

Dans la perspective de proposer de nouveaux critères d’amélioration génétique des caractères laitiers, il est essentiel d’identifier l’ensemble des gènes ayant un effet majeur sur l’expression de ces caractères et de rechercher ensuite une éventuelle relation entre le polymorphisme de ces gènes et les performances individuelles. La caractérisation fonctionnelle des gènes transcrits dans la glande mammaire des ruminants a été entreprise, dans notre équipe, par deux approches : l’approche globale, qui permet de répertorier les gènes exprimés dans ce tissu et d’estimer leur niveau d’expression, et l’approche différentielle, qui consiste à identifier les gènes dont l’expression est spécifiquement induite par un événement (changement de stade physiologique …).
Données de base sur la transgenèse
Authors: ESSALMANI R. , SOULIER S. , BESNARD N. , HUDRISIER M. , COSTA DA SILVA J. , VILOTTE J.L.
Published: June 2020

La transgenèse permet d’introduire dans le génome d’un animal un fragment d’ADN qui sera ensuite transmis de génération en génération. Elle utilise différentes approches méthodologiques. Certaines, encore limitées à peu d’espèces, permettent des modifications très fines du génome. La transgenèse, associée au développement de la biologie moléculaire, offre des applications multiples tant dans la recherche fondamentale qu’appliquée. Elle est de fait devenue un outil indispensable pour l’analyse de la régulation de l’expression des gènes et la compréhension de leur fonction.
La recherche de QTL à l’aide de marqueurs : résultats chez les bovins laitiers
Authors: BOICHARD D. , GROHS C. , BOURGEOIS F. , CERQUEIRA F. , FAUGERAS R. , NEAU A. , MILAN D. , RUPP R. , AMIGUES Y. , BOSCHER M.Y. , LEVÉZIEL H.
Published: June 2020

Un programme de détection de QTL est conduit dans les races bovines Prim’Holstein, Normande et Montbéliarde. Ce dispositif dit ‘petites-filles’ implique 1554 taureaux d’insémination artificielle, fils de 14 pères et indexés sur descendance pour 24 caractères de production laitière, conformation, fertilité, résistance aux mammites et facilité de traite. Ces taureaux sont génotypés pour 169 marqueurs répartis sur le génome. La recherche de QTL est réalisée par régression linéaire intra père, en prenant en compte toute l’information marqueurs par groupe de liaison. Des QTL sont détectés pour chaque caractère, y compris pour les caractères peu héritables. L’effet de substitution allélique est souvent compris entre 0,6 et 1 écart type génétique. Une minorité de pères (entre 1 et 5 seulement sur 14) apparaissent hétérozygotes pour chaque QTL identifié. La localisation des QTL est peu précise, l’intervalle de confiance étant toujours supérieur à 20 cM. Ce travail se poursuit d’une part avec la mise en place d’une sélection assistée par marqueurs, d’autre part avec la caractérisation de certains QTL dans le cadre du programme européen Euribdis.
Utilisation de marqueurs génétiques pour la traçabilité. Intérêt des gènes de la coloration de la robe chez le bovin
Authors: ROUZAUD F. , MARTIN J. , GALLET F. , DELOURME D. , PETIT J.M. , LEVÉZIEL H. , JULIEN R. , OULMOUDEN A.
Published: June 2020

Les marqueurs génétiques, qu’ils soient anonymes (microsatellites) ou responsables de phénotypes (gènes de la coloration, par exemple), constituent des outils efficaces pour identifier les individus ou les populations (races) et pour assurer leur traçabilité. On montre ici l’intérêt du gène extension pour le génotypage des bovins.
Slope Matched Highly Birefringent Hybrid Dispersion Compensating Fiber Over Telecommunication Bands with Low Confinement Loss
Authors: Halder Amit
Published: June 2020

This article reveals a best possible design for hybrid dispersion compensating fiber (HyDCF) with high birefringence established on modified broadband compensating structure through S, C and L telecommunication bands. The simulation outcome exhibits relatively higher birefringence of 3.76×10-2 at wavelength of 1550 nm. The suggested fiber also has dispersion compensation characteristics in an inclusive series of wavelengths which covers 1400-1625 nm. The reported design can achieve dispersion quantity of – 606 ps/ (nm.km) at 1550 nm effective wavelength. The reported fiber design matches the relative dispersion slope (RDS) 0.003694 nm-1 similar to single mode fiber at 1550 nm operating wavelength. This fiber demonstrates negatively flattened effective dispersion of – 2.703 ± 0.734 ps/ (nm.km) within 180 nm flat band ranging from 1460-1640 nm wavelength. It is also convenient to optical high bit rate communication systems. The low confinement loss is found 3.756×10-10 dB/m at the operating wavelength. This design also achieves highly nonlinear coefficient of 50.34 W-1km-1. In some cases, it can also be used in sensing applications.
Witnessing Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 through Comparative Phylogenomics: The Proximate Origin is Guangdong, not Wuhan
Authors: Doğan Özgül , Korkmaz Ertan Mahir , Budak Mahir , Çıplak Battal , Başıbüyük Hasan Hüseyin
Published: June 2020

A new form of coronavirus called severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a pandemic. A six-month evolutionary history of SARS-CoV-2 is witnessed by characterising the total genome of 821 samples using comparative phylogenomic approaches. Our analyses produced striking inclusive results that may guide scientists/professionals for the past/future of pandemic. Phylogenetic and time estimation analyses suggest the proximate origin of pandemic strain as Guangdong and the origin time as first half of September 2019, not Wuhan and December 2019, respectively. The viral genome experienced a substitution rate similar to other RNA viruses, but it is particularly high in some of the peptides encoding sequences such as leader protein, E gene, orf8, orf10, nsp10, N gene, S gene and M gene and nsp4, while low in nsp11, orf7a, 3C-like proteinase, nsp9, nsp8 and endoRNase. Most strikingly, the divergence rate of amino acid sequences is high proportional to nucleotide divergence. Additionally, specific non-synonymous mutations in nsp3 and nsp6 evolved under positive selection. The exponential growth rate (r), doubling time (Td) and R0 were estimated to be 47.43 per year, 5.39 days and 2.72, respectively. Comparison of synapomorphies distinguishing the SARS-CoV-2 and the candidate ancestor bat coronavirus indicates that mutation pattern in nsp3 and S gene enabled the new strain to invade human and become a pandemic strain. We arrive at the following main conclusions: (i) six months evolution of viral genome is nearly neutral, (ii) origin of pandemic is not Wuhan and predates formal reports, (iii) although viral population is ongoing an exponential growth, the doubling time is evolving towards shortening, and (iv) divergence rate of total genome is similar to other RNA viruses, but it is prominently high in some genes while low in some others and evolution in these genes should be closely monitored as their protein products intervening to pathogenicity, virulence and immune response.
Detection and Survival of SARS-coronavirus in Human Stool, Urine, Wastewater and Sludge
Authors: Singer Andrew , Wray Rachel
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed many knowledge gaps with implications toward the speed and nature of our response to contain, assess and mitigate risk. The routine discharge of treated and untreated wastewater into rivers and coastal waters has placed SARS-CoV-2 viability in wastewater at the centre of an emerging hazard and potential risk to water industry workers and the public who come into contact with sewage-impacted water. Here we provide a review of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus primary literature that presents the evidence base pertaining to the key questions of whether the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 is shed in stool and urine, is recoverable, and infectious in wastewater. We discuss the challenges posed by the current literature base and the extent to which the current evidence is fit for the purpose of informing robust human and environmental risk assessments.
Drought-induced Regulatory Cascades and Their Effects on the Nutritional Quality of Developing Potato Tubers
Authors: Da Ros Letitia , Elferjani Raed , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Kagale Sateesh , Pahari Shankar , Kulkarni Manoj , Wahab Jazeem , Bizimungu Benoit
Published: June 2020

Potato is among one of the most important food crops, yet maintaining plant productivity in this drought-sensitive crop has become a challenge. Competition for scarce water resources and the continued effects of global warming exacerbate current constraints on crop production. While plants’ response to drought in above-ground tissues has been well documented, the regulatory cascades in developing tubers have been largely unexplored. Using the commercial Canadian cultivar ‘Vigor’, plants were subjected to a drought treatment under high-tunnels causing a 4 ℃ increase in canopy temperature when compared to the well-watered control. Tubers were sampled for RNAseq and metabolite analysis. Approximately 2600 genes and 3898 transcripts were differentially expressed by at least four-fold in drought-stressed potato tubers, with 75 % and 69 % being down-regulated respectively. A further 229 small RNAs were implicated in gene regulation during drought. The comparison of protein homologues between Solanum tuberosum L. and Arabidopsis thaliana L. indicates that downregulated genes are associated with phenylpropanoid, carotenoid, and patatin biosynthesis. This suggests that there may be nutritive implications to drought stress occurring during the potato tuber bulking phase in sensitive cultivars.
Complementary Application of the Ozonized Saline Solution in Moderate and Severe Patients with Pneumonia Covid-19: Efficacy and Tolerability
Authors: Schwartz Adriana , Martínez-Sánchez Gregorio , Menassa de Lucía Alejandra , Mejía Viana Sergio , Alina Mita Constanta
Published: June 2020

Currently, there is no effective antiviral therapy recommended for the new coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia (COVID-19). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ozonized Saline Solution (O3SS) used as a complementary therapy in adult patients with mild to severe COVID-19. Twenty-five adult patients who were hospitalized with mild to severe COVID-19 symptoms, who met the inclusion criteria and were being treated from April 3rd to April 26th, 2020, at the Viamed Virgen De La Paloma Hospital, Madrid, Spain were included in this study. Patients were allocated to receive standard care (SC) that included 200-400 mg hydroxychloroquine twice daily for 5-7 days plus Tocilizumab 400 mg twice daily for 5 days, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and 40 mg-60 mg metil-prednisone plus O3SS, 200 mL, 3-5 µg/mL daily for 10 days. Primary outcomes of treatment with O3SS were an improvement of clinical symptoms and a reduction in mortality. Secondary end points evaluated included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and duration of viral shedding. None of the patients treated with SC + O3SS died. Improvements in symptoms such as dyspnea, weakness, and reduction in body temperature were observed and corresponded with an improvement of laboratory finding including D-dimer, fibrinogen, LDH, and CRP. No side effects from the O3SS treatment were observed. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with mild to severe symptoms who received intravenous O3SS as a complementary therapy demonstrated improved clinical symptoms, improved laboratory values and a reduction in mortality.
Analysis of Fake News In Social Medias for Four Months during Lockdown in COVID-19
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , DUTTA SHAWNI
Published: June 2020

All over the world, development of micro blog and other social platform indicate that Social Media is now the focus and trend of the Internet. Daily life, study and work are influenced by news in Social Medias . Micro blog is new emergent type of media and it spreads information rapidly in the crowd in recent years. Suppose an user searches for specific information about one topic on micro blog. He/she found easily plenty of information related to his/her search in social medias. The problem is to find out the correct information. Normally, multi-document summarization method deals with a collection of documents about one topic for extracting the valuable points and discards useless information. Actually, it needs to extract the topic content by adding topic factors and social patterns. Topic factor is the lexical information related to the topic. Social pattern relates to special interactive mode owned by online social network, such as comment and repost. People has been seen the fake news on mobile/internet during lockdown period. It is of no doubt that anyone with a social media account has seen at least one example of this.Humanity’s greatest challenges are to detect false information. Fake news are collected from 150 persons using social media The aim of the paper is to investigate the truthfulness of the news people share on social media using K-nearest Neighbour (KNN) based Classifier method.
The State of Experimental Research on Community Interventions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions - A Systematic Review
Authors: Biglan Anthony , Bonner Andrew C. , Johansson Magnus , Ghai Jessica L. , Van Ryzin Mark J. , Dubuc Tiffany L. , Seniuk Holly A. , Fiebig Julia H. , Coyne Lisa W.
Published: June 2020

This paper reviews research on community efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We conducted a systematic search of relevant literature and supplemented our findings with an analysis of review papers previously published on the topic. The results indicate that little experimental evaluation exists on community interventions to reduce greenhouse gases, limiting the conclusions which can be made about the efficacy of these efforts. As a result, we are not accumulating effective interventions and some communities may be implementing strategies that are not effective. We advocate the development of interdisciplinary programs of research that experimentally evaluate comprehensive community interventions. Such interventions would attempt to engage every sector of the community in identifying and implementing policies and practices to reduce emissions. Such interventions are likely to have synergistic effects, such that the total impact is greater than the sum of impact of individual components. We describe the value of interrupted time-series designs as an alternative to randomized trials because these designs are more feasible for evaluating strategies in entire communities.
COVID-19 Comorbidity and Metabolic Syndrome: Is There a Molecular Basis?
Authors: Basu Madhurima , Saha Chinmay , Roy Choudhury Kamalika , Dutta Susmita , Ghosh Sujoy , Chowdhury Subhankar , Mukhopadhyay Satinath , Bhattacharyya Nitai P.
Published: June 2020

The risk factors associated with COVID-19 related severity, morbidity, and mortality, i.e., obesity (often associated with NAFLD), hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia all cluster together as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Instead of studying association of these risk factors with COVID-19, it makes sense studying the association between MetS on one hand and COVID-19 on the other. This study explores a molecular basis underpinning the above association. Severity of COVID-19 patients with MetS could be due to functional alterations of host proteins due to their interactions with viral proteins. We collected data from Enrichr (https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/Enrichr/), DisGeNET (https://www.disgenet.org/) and others and carried out enrichment analysis using Enrichr. Various biological processes and pathways associated with viral protein interacting partners are known to involve in metabolic diseases. The molecular pathways underlying insulin resistance, insulin signaling and insulin secretion are not only involved in diabetes but also in CVD and obesity (associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD). Lipid metabolism/lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and inflammation are associated with MetS. Viral interacting host proteins are associated and enriched with terms like hyperglycemia, coronary artery disease, hypertensive disease related to CVD and liver diseases in DisGeNET. Association of viral interacting proteins with disease-relevant biological processes, pathways and disease-related terms suggests that altered host protein function following interaction with viral proteins might contribute to frequent occurrence and/or severity of COVID-19 in subjects with MetS. Such analysis not only provides a molecular basis of comorbidity but also incriminates host proteins in viral replication, growth and identifies possible drug targets for intervention.