bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reinigung und Gewinnung des arom‐Aggregates von Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Bode R. , Kunze G.
Published: July 2010

The five enzymes that catalyzing steps two through six in the prechorismate polyaromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway are physically associated and have been purified up to 400‐fold from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The native arom aggregate has a molecular weight of approx. 140,000–145,000 based on gel filtration, glycerol‐density‐gradient centrifugation, and polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Similarities between the S. pombe arom aggregate and that of Neurospora crassa and Euglena gracilis are discussed.
Recombinogenic activity of nalidixic acid for artificial hybrids but not for natural strains of Candida albicans: Evidence for the monoploidy of natural strains
Authors: Sarachek A.
Published: July 2010

Nalidixic acid induces segregation of auxotrophs from prototrophic hybrids of Candida albicans artifically produced by fusing complementing auxotrophic protoplasts. The auxotrophies recovered are limited to those introduced through the fusion process, and patterns of segregations for linked auxotrophic markers demonstrate the segregants are products mitotic cossing‐over. Nalidixic acid does not induce auxotrophies of any sort in clinical isolates of C. albicans. These findings are contrary to a current hypothesis that natural strains of C. albicans are diploid and heterozygous for a variety of auxotrophic mutations.
Inhibition of fungal NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase by citric acid
Authors: Agrawal P. K. , Bhatt C. S. , Viswanathan L.
Published: July 2010

The variations observed during earlier studies in the activity of NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.42) in a strain of Aspergillus niger were found to be related to the extent of washing of mycelium. As a result the mycelium washed four times with phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.5), the enzyme activity present in 4 and 8 days old fungal mycelia increased five‐ and two‐fold, respectively.

In vivo studies showed a complete loss of enzyme activity in mycelia resuspended in HCl‐KCl buffer (0.02 M, pH 2.2) containing citric acid (13 mM or more). The in vitro studies revealed 50% loss of enzyme activity in presence of 3.6 to 5.2 mM citric acid. However, in case of Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, which produced less citric acid than the above strain, a much higher citric acid concentration (13 to 26 mM) was required to cause 50% loss of enzyme activity. These findings suggest a correlation between citric acid inhibition of NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase and the ability of A. niger to accumulate citric acid in the medium.
Cyanide‐resistant respiration in Streptomyces citreofluorescens
Authors: Hänel F. , Gräfe U. , Trutko S. M. , Akimenko V. K.
Published: July 2010

The capacity of Streptomycetes to carry out cyanide‐resistant respiration was investigated. With the model strain, Streptomyces citreofluorescens, it was shown that deprivation of glucose followed by transition from exponential to stationary growth was coupled with declining sensitivity of cellular respiration to cyanide ions. Cyanide‐resistant oxidase is located within the cytoplasmic membrane. The occurrence of the cyanide‐resistant oxidase did not correspond to qualitative changes of cytochrome spectrum. Cytochrome d is involved neither in cyanide‐sensitive nor in cyanide‐resistant rspiratory chain.
Einfluß von Phosphat auf die Bildung von Tentoxin durch Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler
Authors: Brückner B. , Hänel I. , Hänel F. , Tröger R.
Published: July 2010

Alternaria alternata (FR.) KEISSLER produces a phytotoxic substance tentoxin. The influence of inorganic phosphate on the formation of this secondary metabolite was analyzed. Distinct phases of growth and metabolite formation can be defined. The first phase shows exponential growth, high Qo2, protein and nucleic acid values and a rapid uptake of inorganic phosphate from the medium. The second phase shows linear growth and active tentoxin formation takes place. The highest yields of tentoxin are obtained, when inorganic phosphate in the medium was limited. The phosphate level also influences the ATP‐pool of the mycelium. The role of ATP as an effector in phosphate mediated control of tentoxin synthesis was discussed.
Bioconversions of a macrolide glycoside by growing L‐form cells of Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Authors: Gräfe U. , Gumpert J.
Published: July 2010

Growing L‐form cells of Streptomyces hygroscopicus were shown to carry out 3‐0‐acylation and 14‐C‐hydroxylation of a macrolide glycoside suggesting that both types of bioconversion do neither require the intact cell wall nor the periplasmic space.
Methylosin A und B, Pigmente aus Methylosinus trichosporium
Authors: Strauss D. G. , Berger U.
Published: July 2010

Screening for methanotrophic bacteria led to the isolation of a Methylosinus trichosporium strain which was characterized by the ability to produce a bright red‐violet pigment, which was found to be nearly insoluble in water. This communication reports on the formation, isolation, and purification of the pigment and its separation into the components methylosin A and B.

By comparison of physico‐chemical parameters we identified the pigment as a prodiginine‐type compound. The chemical constitution of methylosin B was established. To our knowledge this is the first observation of prodiginine‐type compounds to be metabolites of methanotrophic bacteria.
Development of a fracture osteomyelitis model in the rat femur
Authors: Robinson Duane A. , Bechtold Joan E. , Carlson Cathy S. , Evans Richard B. , Conzemius Michael G.
Published: July 2010

Osteomyelitis contributes significantly to fracture morbidity. Our objective was to develop a model of induced implant‐associated osteomyelitis following fracture repair by modifying an existing rat femur fracture model. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups (Control, Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus + ceftriaxone). The closed femur fracture model (right femur), stabilized with an intramedullary pin, was combined with inoculation of 104 colony‐forming units (CFU) of S. aureus. Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 and were evaluated by individuals blinded to treatment group. At necropsy the CFU of S. aureus per femur and pin were determined and synovial tissue and blood were cultured. The fractured femur from two rats in each group was evaluated histologically. A statistically significant difference in the CFU/femur and CFU/pin was found across treatment groups, with the highest CFU in the S. aureus group and the lowest in the Control group. Cultures of synovial tissue were positive in 11/19 of inoculated limbs. Osteomyelitis was present both radiographically and histopathologically in both S. aureus groups but not in the controls. No rats were systemically ill or had positive blood cultures at the study endpoint. This model will be useful for the evaluation of treatments or prophylactics designed for use in implant‐associated osteomyelitis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:131–137, 2011
The tribological properties of (quinazolin‐4‐ones)‐3‐methyl‐dibutyl borate as a novel additive in liquid paraffin
Authors: Ouyang Ping , Chen Guo Xu , Li Hua Feng , Zhao Li Tao
Published: July 2010

An organic compound containing N, B and O was synthesised by reacting 3‐hydroxymethyl‐quinazolin‐4‐ones and formalin in 1, 4‐dioxane solution, the resulting product then being reacted with butanol and boric acid in dimethylbenzene solution. The tribological performance of the novel compound when added to liquid paraffin was evaluated using a four‐ball tester and a ring‐on‐block machine. The relationship between performance and concentration was analysed, and the results showed that the compound possesses good anti‐wear, friction‐reducing and load‐carrying properties. The mechanism of action of the additive was investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface analysis indicated the formation of a protective film containing borate, Fe3O4, and an organonitrogen compound. This protective film formed during sliding processes contributes to the increase in wear resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved rat steatotic and nonsteatotic liver preservation by the addition of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I to University of Wisconsin solution
Authors: Zaouali Amine M. , Padrissa-Altés Susagna , Mosbah Ismail Ben , Alfany-Fernandez Izabel , Massip-Salcedo Marta , Casillas-Ramirez Araní , Bintanel-Morcillo María , Boillot Olivier , Serafin Anna , Rimola Antoni , Rodés Juan , Roselló-Catafau Joan , Peralta Carmen
Published: July 2010

This study examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) supplementation to University of Wisconsin solution (UW) in steatotic and nonsteatotic livers during cold storage. Hepatic injury and function were evaluated in livers preserved for 24 hours at 4°C in UW and in UW with EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination) and then perfused ex vivo for 2 hours at 37°C. AKT was inhibited pharmacologically. In addition, hepatic injury and survival were evaluated in recipients who underwent transplantation with steatotic and nonsteatotic livers preserved for 6 hours in UW and UW with EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination). The results, based on isolated perfused liver, indicated that the addition of EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination) to UW reduced hepatic injury and improved function in both liver types. A combination of EGF and IGF-I resulted in hepatic injury and function parameters in both liver types similar to those obtained by EGF and IGF-I separately. EGF increased IGF-I, and both additives up-regulated AKT in both liver types. This was associated with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibition in nonsteatotic livers and PPARγ overexpression in steatotic livers. When AKT was inhibited, the effects of EGF and IGF-I on GSK3β, PPARγ, hepatic injury and function disappeared. The benefits of EGF and IGF-I as additives in UW solution were also clearly seen in the liver transplantation model, because the presence of EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination) in UW solution reduced hepatic injury and improved survival in recipients who underwent transplantation with steatotic and nonsteatotic liver grafts. In conclusion, EGF and IGF-I may constitute new additives to UW solution in steatotic and nonsteatotic liver preservation, whereas a combination of both seems unnecessary. Liver Transpl 16:1098-1111, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Tuning Cell Adhesion by Incorporation of Charged Silicate Nanoparticles as Cross‐Linkers to Polyethylene Oxide
Authors: Schexnailder Patrick J. , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Bartlett II Rush L. , Seal Brandon L. , Schmidt Gudrun
Published: July 2010

Controlling cell adhesion on a biomaterial surface is associated with the long‐term efficacy of an implanted material. Here we connect the material properties of nanocomposite films made from PEO physically cross‐linked with layered silicate nanoparticles (Laponite) to cellular adhesion. Fibroblast cells do not adhere to pure PEO, but they attach to silicate containing nanocomposites. Under aqueous conditions, the films swell and the degree of swelling depends on the nanocomposite composition and film structure. Higher PEO compositions do not support cell proliferation due to little exposed silicate surfaces. Higher silicate compositions do allow significant cell proliferation and spreading. These bio‐nanocomposites have potential for the development of biomedical materials that can control cellular adhesion.

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Fibrinogen Adsorption on Biomaterials – A Numerical Study
Authors: Siegismund Daniel , Keller Thomas F. , Jandt Klaus D. , Rettenmayr Markus
Published: July 2010

A model for the adsorption of fibrinogen or, in general, non‐globular shaped proteins on solid surfaces are presented. Two‐dimensional cellular automata simulations of the adsorption of fibrinogen on two different surfaces were performed. The model includes mass transfer toward the surface, adsorption of fibrinogen molecules, and surface diffusion mechanisms for both fibrinogen molecules and clusters. We show that the major physical processes are represented in the recent model. Particularly, the influence of the surface hydrophobicity on the behavior of fibrinogen. Atomic force microscopy images of fibrinogen adsorption on Si model surfaces with different hydrophobicity are compared to the results.

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New Carbazole‐Based Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer with Good Hole‐Transporting Properties
Authors: Li Zhong'an , Jiang Zuoquan , Qiu Guofu , Wu Wenbo , Yu Gui , Liu Yunqi , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen
Published: July 2010

A copper‐catalyzed Ullmann C–N coupling reaction was used for the preparation of a new carbazole‐based HPU in good yield with a high molecular weight through a facile “AB2 + A2 + B2”‐type approach. The HPU exhibited good solubility, high thermal stability with a Tg of 196 °C, as well as a suitable HOMO level for good hole injection and transporting properties. A two‐layer OLED device, using HPU as hole‐transporting layer (HTL) and Alq3 as the light‐emitting layer, was fabricated to investigate the hole‐transporting properties of HPU. The luminance efficiency reached 1.14 cd · A−1 at the maximum current density of 1 240 mA · cm−2, while the maximum luminance efficiency was 1.65 cd · A−1, indicating the high morphological and thermal stability of HPU.

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Plastic Transmissive Infrared Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Holt Amanda L. , Wehner Justin G.A. , Hammp Andreas , Morse Daniel E.
Published: July 2010

Poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) was used to build a thin‐layer, electrically switchable infrared shutter. Electrochromic materials are typically studied in the visible, whereas we focused on P3HT electrochromic behavior in the infrared where morphology changes may have greater impact. Devices were fabricated on ITO‐coated silicon and germanium and their performance was characterized in the mid infrared (2–6 µm). Thicker polymer films increased device switching time and did not improve optical contrast. Choice of salt in the electrolyte significantly affects switching dynamics and salt concentrations affect maximum optical contrast. These results are potentially important for the integration of polymer technology into infrared imaging and detection applications.

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Rigorous Free Energy Calculations in Structure‐Based Drug Design
Authors: Michel Julien , Foloppe Nicolas , Essex Jonathan W.
Published: July 2010

Structure‐based drug design could benefit greatly from computational methodologies that accurately predict the binding affinity of small compounds to target biomolecules. However, the current scoring functions used to rank compounds in virtual screens by docking are not sufficiently accurate to guide reliably the design of tight binding ligands. Thus, there is strong interest in methodologies based on molecular simulations of protein‐ligand complexes which are perceived to be more accurate and, with advances in computing power, amenable to routine use. This report provides an overview of the technical details necessary to understand, execute and analyze binding free energy calculations, using free energy perturbation or thermodynamic integration methods. Examples of possible applications in structure‐based drug design are discussed. Current methodological limitations are highlighted as well as a number of ongoing developments to improve the scope, reliability, and practicalities of free energy calculations. These efforts are paving the way for a more common use of free energy calculations in molecular design.
Improved renal perfusion measurement with a dual navigator‐gated Q2TIPS fair technique
Authors: Song Ruitian , Loeffler Ralf B. , Hillenbrand Claudia M.
Published: July 2010

A dual navigator‐gated, flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) true fast imaging with steady precession (True‐FISP) sequence has been developed for accurate quantification of renal perfusion. FAIR methods typically overestimate renal perfusion when respiratory motion causes the inversion slice to move away from the imaging slice, which then incorporates unlabeled spins from static tissue. To overcome this issue, the dual navigator scheme was introduced to track inversion and imaging slices, and thus to ensure the same position for both slices. Accuracy was further improved by a well‐defined bolus length, which was achieved by a modification version of Q2TIPS (quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction, second version with interleaved thin‐slice TI1 periodic saturation): a series of saturation pulses was applied to both sides of the imaging slice at a certain time after the inversion. The dual navigator‐gated technique was tested in eight volunteers. The measured renal cortex perfusion rates were between 191 and 378 mL/100 g/min in the renal cortex with a mean of 376 mL/100 g/min. The proposed technique may prove most beneficial for noncontrast‐based renal perfusion quantification in young children and patients who may have difficulty holding their breath for prolonged periods or are sedated/anesthetized. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved carotid intraplaque hemorrhage imaging using a slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (SPI) sequence
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Ferguson Marina S. , Balu Niranjan , Yuan Chun , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Börnert Peter
Published: July 2010

Intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with accelerated plaque growth as well as exacerbation of clinical symptoms. The identification of intraplaque hemorrhage using magnetic resonance imaging primarily relies on the detection of methemoglobin on T1 weighted images. Current techniques are limited by insufficient intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast and poor blood suppression. In this study, a slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (SPI) technique is proposed by combining a phase‐sensitive reconstruction with a T1 weighted sequence specifically designed to achieve improved intraplaque hemorrhage imaging. The SPI sequence was optimized and then used on ex vivo plaque specimens for histology based validation and intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio comparison with magnetization‐prepared 3D rapid acquisition gradient echo MP‐RAGE. SPI and MP‐RAGE were also tested on a group of atherosclerosis patients to compare in vivo intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio and blood suppression effectiveness. On ex vivo specimens SPI had better intraplaque hemorrhage identification accuracy and a significantly higher intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio (P = 0.01) than MP‐RAGE. Similar results were found in the in vivo test: Slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery provided a significantly improved intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio (P < 0.01) and blood suppression efficiency (P < 0.01). In conclusion, SPI is a novel technique optimized for intraplaque hemorrhage detection and validated against histology. It has demonstrated its capability for improved in vivo intraplaque hemorrhage identification and blood suppression in atherosclerosis patients. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the robustness and efficiency of integration algorithms for a 3D finite strain phenomenological SMA constitutive model
Authors: Arghavani J. , Auricchio F. , Naghdabadi R. , Reali A.
Published: July 2010

Most devices based on shape memory alloys experience large rotations and moderate or finite strains. This motivates the development of finite‐strain constitutive models together with the appropriate computational counterparts. To this end, in the present paper a three‐dimensional finite‐strain phenomenological constitutive model is investigated and a robust and efficient integration algorithm is proposed. Properly defining the variables, extensively used regularization schemes are avoided and a nucleation–completion criterion is defined. Moreover, introducing a logarithmic mapping, a new form of time‐discrete equations is proposed. The solution algorithm as well as a suitable initial guess for the resultant nonlinear equations are also deeply discussed. Extensive numerical tests are performed to show robustness as well as efficiency of the proposed integration algorithm. Implementation of the integration algorithm within a user‐defined subroutine UMAT in the commercial nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS/Standard makes also possible the solution of a variety of boundary value problems. The obtained results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach and confirm the improved efficiency (in terms of solution CPU time) when a nucleation–completion criterion is used instead of regularization schemes, as well as when a logarithmic mapping is used for the time‐discrete evolution equation instead of an exponential mapping. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrimination of geographical origin and adulteration of radix astragali using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
Authors: Zhang Lei , Nie Lei
Published: July 2010

Introduction – Radix Astragali, one of most widely used and important traditional Chinese medicines, is cultivated in different geographical regions. Because of varying growing conditions, the qualities of Radix Astragali vary, which can give rise to differences in clinical therapy. Detecting adulteration is a routine requirement in pharmaceutical practice.

Objective – To develop a simple and accurate approach to discriminate the geographical origin and potential adulteration of Radix Astragali, derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fischer) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) Hsiao, using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and chemometric methods.

Methodology – To obtain characteristic IR spectra for accurate discrimination, a one‐solvent extraction method was utilised following a novel evaluation method for selecting appropriate solvents. Samples of Radix Astragali from different geographical origins were discriminated using FT‐IR spectroscopy and discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) methods. FT‐IR spectroscopy combined with Mahalanobis distance was employed to detect adulteration of Radix Astragali.

Results – In comparison with other solvents, butanone was more effective at extracting samples. Radix Astragali samples were accurately assigned to their corresponding geographical origins by using FT‐IR spectroscopy and DPLS method. Most adulterated samples were detected accurately by application of FT‐IR spectroscopy combined with Mahalanobis distance.

Conclusion – FT‐IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric method was developed and demonstrated to be a useful tool to discriminate geographical origin and adulteration of Radix Astragali. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of pediatric dyslipidemia: comparison of a population‐based claims database to national surveys
Authors: Li Jie , Motsko Stephen P. , Goehring Earl L. , Tave Arlene , Pezzullo John C. , Jones Judith K.
Published: July 2010

Objective

To determine the prevalence of pediatric dyslipidemia in a large US medical insurance claims database and to compare the resulting estimate to the prevalence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Patients and Methods

Children 10–18 years old who had laboratory‐defined dyslipidemia were identified from the Integrated Healthcare Information Services (IHCIS) database 2003–2006. For comparison purposes, the corresponding prevalence among the US children of same age was estimated from the NHANES 1999–2004 data.

Results

Among the 273 064 children with at least one laboratory lipid value in the IHCIS database, 22.9% (n = 62 451) had laboratory‐defined dyslipidemia. This prevalence was the same as the NHANES estimate (23.9%, 95%CI: 21.6–26.3). Elevated triglyceride (TG) was the most common type of dyslipidemia, detected among 13.2% of the IHCIS children and 14.2% of the US children, followed by elevated total cholesterol (TC), 7.7 and 9.6%, respectively. Among IHCIS dyslipidemic children, older teenage boys had higher rates than younger boys for high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) abnormality, but lower rates for elevated TC and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). These age‐related trends were also seen among NHANES dyslipidemic children.

Conclusions

Analyses of a population‐based claims database revealed the same prevalence of pediatric dyslipidemia as that among the US children assessed in the NHANES data. Among dyslipidemic children in the claims database, the occurrence of specific dyslipidemias appeared to vary by age and gender, a trend that was also seen among the dyslipidemic children in the US. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The physiological relevance of wet versus dry differential scanning calorimetry for biomaterial evaluation: a technical note
Authors: Zeugolis Dimitrios I , Raghunath Michael
Published: July 2010

Collagen and its denatured form, gelatin, have been extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering and tissue repair applications. Denaturation temperature, commonly measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), for biomaterial applications is a significant physical property that will determine the stability of a potential implant at body temperature. In order to imitate a clinical setting, DSC should be run under fully hydrated conditions. We show here that for hydrophobic polymers such as poly(ε‐caprolactone) and chitosan there is no significant difference between dry and wet DSC operation (p > 0.05). In contrast, for hydrophilic polymers such as collagen, gelatin, poly(ethylene glycol) (40 kDa) and poly(ethylene oxide) (900 kDa) significant differences occur between measurements in the dry and the wet state (p < 0.0011). Moreover, we demonstrate that only when wet DSC is carried out are we able to separate the unique crystalline structure of collagen from its randomly coiled heat‐denatured by‐product gelatin (p < 0.0005). We therefore recommend running DSC under fully hydrated conditions when the function and properties of a biomaterial are under investigation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Empowering Latino families: Effects of a culturally responsive intervention for low‐income immigrant Latino parents on children's behaviors and parental stress
Authors: Ceballos Peggy L. , Bratton Sue C.
Published: July 2010

This randomized, controlled study examined the effectiveness of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) in school settings with 48 low‐income Latino immigrant parents whose children were identified with behavioral concerns. Results from a 2 (group) × 2 (measures) split plot analysis of variance indicated that parents who participated in 11 weeks of CPRT reported statistically significant decreases (p < .001) in child behavior problems and parent–child relationship stress. Large treatment effects were demonstrated for all dependent variables. Clinical significance of findings and cultural considerations are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Children's self‐regulated learning profile in language and mathematics: The role of task value beliefs
Authors: Metallidou Panayiota , Vlachou Anastasia
Published: July 2010

This study explored the self‐regulated learning (SRL) profile of upper elementary (fifth and sixth grade) school children who were differentiated in their task value beliefs (low and high) in language and mathematics. Students' SRL profile involved their teachers' ratings of achievement outcomes and SRL behaviors. The subscale of task value beliefs from the Motivational Self‐Regulated Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was administered to the children, and their teachers completed a battery of scales and measurements concerning students' achievement and SRL behaviors. The results confirm previous evidence indicating that SRL involves high levels of motivation, metacognition, and strategic action. Furthermore, the results support the domain‐specific character of task value beliefs. Differences in teachers' evaluations about the achievement outcomes and SRL behaviors regarding the two groups of students (low and high in task value beliefs) were found significant mostly in the domain of mathematics. Students with high value beliefs in mathematics were described as more cognitively, metacognitively, and motivationally competent learners as compared to students with lower value beliefs. The results suggest that future intervention studies should focus on strengthening task value beliefs in “threatening” school subjects, such as mathematics, from the elementary school years. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus case decisions: Health‐related service considerations for school psychologists
Authors: Schmitt Ara J. , Wodrich David L. , Lazar Susan
Published: July 2010

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic illness that can impact learning and often requires medical management in the school setting. School psychologists must therefore be knowledgeable of special service eligibility criteria associated with T1DM, the health‐related services often required of such students, and what health‐related services schools are obliged to provide. Although federal regulations speak to special service eligibility criteria to consider for children with T1DM, such codes do not outline what health services schools are expected to provide. One way to glean this information is by examining published case decisions involving diabetes health‐related services in the schools. Themes and examples in five decision categories provide vital information for school psychologists regarding school service planning for T1DM. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying predictors of emotional exhaustion among special education paraeducators: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Shyman Eric
Published: July 2010

The purpose of this preliminary study was to identify predictors of emotional exhaustion among special education paraeducators. A sample of 100 paraeducators in public and specialized alternative setting schools was used to determine whether self‐reported levels of emotional exhaustion and other job‐related factors were reported. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the researcher investigated whether predictors of emotional exhaustion could be determined. Results indicated that a notable level of emotional exhaustion was reported among the sample and that role conflict, emotional demand, sense of efficacy, and supervisor support were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion. The results of this study are intended to be used to guide future studies to further investigate this topic. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reciprocal peer tutoring and repeated reading: Increasing practicality using student groups
Authors: Oddo Maria , Barnett David W. , Hawkins Renee O. , Musti‐Rao Shobana
Published: July 2010

Previous research has investigated the efficacy of peer‐mediated repeated reading (RR) interventions carried out by student dyads. This research extends the existing research by investigating the impact of RR on oral reading fluency and comprehension when carried out by a teacher in small groups of fourth‐grade students. Outcomes were analyzed using a multiple baseline single case design across groups in addition to supplementary analyses (dual level and trend criteria, percentage of non‐overlapping data, class box plots). Visual analysis of results indicated that RR was effective in improving levels of reading fluency and reading comprehension skills of four targeted students as well as classwide performance in fluency and comprehension. Acceptability ratings showed that the small group format was easy to implement and acceptable to the teacher and students. Despite positive findings, RR may need to be supplemented by other instructional and practice strategies to promote consistent and comprehensive changes beyond fluency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic analysis identifies highly antigenic proteins in exosomes from M. tuberculosis‐infected and culture filtrate protein‐treated macrophages
Authors: Giri Pramod K. , Kruh Nicole A. , Dobos Karen M. , Schorey Jeff S.
Published: July 2010

Exosomes are small 30–100 nm membrane vesicles released from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells and function to promote intercellular communication. They are generated through fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane and release of interluminal vesicles. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that macrophages infected with Mycobacterium release exosomes that promote activation of both innate and acquired immune responses; however, the components present in exosomes inducing these host responses were not defined. This study used LC‐MS/MS to identify 41 mycobacterial proteins present in exosomes released from M. tuberculosis‐infected J774 cells. Many of these proteins have been characterized as highly immunogenic. Further, since most of the mycobacterial proteins identified are actively secreted, we hypothesized that macrophages treated with M. tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) would release exosomes containing mycobacterial proteins. We found 29 M. tuberculosis proteins in exosomes released from CFP‐treated J774 cells, the majority of which were also present in exosomes isolated from M. tuberculosis‐infected cells. The exosomes from CFP‐treated J774 cells could promote macrophage and dendritic cell activation as well as activation of naïve T cells in vivo. These results suggest that exosomes containing M. tuberculosis antigens may be alternative approach to developing a tuberculosis vaccine.
The impact of cultural characteristics on colorectal cancer screening adherence among Filipinos in the United States: a pilot study
Authors: Ferrer Rizaldy R. , Ramirez Marizen , Beckman Linda J. , Danao Leda L. , Ashing‐Giwa Kimlin T.
Published: July 2010

Objectives: Studies on colorectal cancer screening among specific Asian American groups are limited despite the fact that Asians are comprised of culturally distinct subgroups. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cultural characteristics on colorectal cancer screening adherence among Filipinos in the United States.

Methods: One hundred and seventeen Filipino men and women aged 50 years or older participated in the cross‐section research design. Lifetime proportion of immigration, language preference and cultural beliefs of personal control regarding health outcomes measured cultural characteristics. Demographic and healthcare variables were also measured to describe the study sample. Participant recruitment employed culturally responsive sampling methods.

Results: There was no significant association between language preference and screening. Likewise, perceived personal internal control of health outcome was not related to screening. However, personal external control revealed a marginally significant association. The percent of lifetime residence in the United States was significantly greater among those who were adherent to screening than those who were not adherent. After adjusting for demographic and healthcare variables, the relationship between length of immigration and screening adherence was no longer significant. Finally, age and doctor's recommendation showed significant impact on colorectal cancer screening adherence.

Discussion: This pilot study adds to the knowledge regarding cultural factors associated with colorectal cancer screening behaviors among Filipino Americans. Future research is needed to confirm findings that will be useful in developing culturally appropriate strategies to increase screening adherence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulsed Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Poly(allyl alcohol) onto Natural Fibers
Authors: Malkov Galiya S. , Fisher Ellen R.
Published: July 2010

Pulsed plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition was used to coat natural fibers of silk, wool, and cotton with poly(allyl alcohol) films. Untreated and coated fibers were characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and scanning electron microscopy. Coated fibers had very similar XPS high resolution C1s spectra, suggesting the coatings are uniformly and conformally coated, regardless of fiber type. EPR data show strong signals from incorporated radicals in all three of the coated fibers, with the strongest signal arising from the coated cotton fibers, indicating more free radicals are formed during plasma treatment of cotton. Tensile strength tests reveal coated wool and silk fibers were significantly stronger than their uncoated counterparts.

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Depressive symptoms in children with cystic fibrosis and parents and its effects on adherence to airway clearance
Authors: Smith Beth A. , Modi Avani C. , Quittner Alexandra L. , Wood Beatrice L.
Published: July 2010

Background

Little is currently known about the co‐morbidity of depression and cystic fibrosis (CF) and there is currently no empirical research on the effects of depressive symptoms on adherence in children and adolescents with CF. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with CF and their parents, and determine whether depressive symptoms in the child and/or parent was associated with adherence to airway clearance. We also evaluated whether children's perceptions of relational security with a parent were associated with adherence to airway clearance.

Methods

Participants included 39 children with CF ages 7–17 years and their primary caregivers. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale (CES‐D). The Relatedness Questionnaire assessed the quality of parent–child relational security. Adherence to airway clearance was measured using the daily phone diary (DPD), an empirically validated adherence measure for youth with CF.

Results

Rates of depressive symptoms were elevated in children with CF and their parents (29% for children; 35% for mothers; 23% for fathers). Child depressive symptoms were significantly associated with lower rates of adherence to airway clearance, after controlling for demographic variables (r = −0.34, P = 0.02). Child depressive symptoms were associated with worse perceptions of parental relationships (t(35) = 3.2; P = 0.002) and the quality of this relationship was also related to worse adherence (r = 0.42, P = 0.005).

Conclusions

A large percentage of youth with CF and their parents reported elevated symptoms of depression. Children scoring in the depressed range on a standardized screening measure and those with less secure parent–child relationships were at greatest risk for poor adherence. Thus, depressive symptoms and family relationships are appropriate targets for adherence promotion interventions, which may ultimately improve health outcomes. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:756–763. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel surgical technique for insertion of pleuroperitoneal shunts for bilateral chylous effusions in Ex preterm infant at term corrected age
Authors: Vasu V. , Ude C. , Shah V. , Lim E. , Bush A.
Published: July 2010

Neonatal chylothorax is a relatively uncommon condition. Here we describe the case of an extremely preterm infant with bilateral chylous effusions which were resistant to conventional medical management and were ultimately managed with the insertion of pleuroperitoneal shunts using a novel surgical technique. Subsequently the infant recovered and the shunts could be removed. We report this case to highlight that such shunts can be inserted even in tiny preterm infants with minimally invasive techniques, and be extremely successful in managing chylothorax, pending spontaneous recovery. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:840–843. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemosensory function and food preferences of children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Laing David G. , Armstrong Jessica E. , Aitken Maggie , Carroll Alistair , Wilkes Fiona J. , Jinks Anthony L. , Jaffé Adam
Published: July 2010

A major problem for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is the maintenance of adequate nutrition to maintain normal growth. The hypotheses that poor nutrition could be due to smell and/or taste dysfunction has been pursued in several studies with contradictory results. None, however, investigated whether inadequate nutrition is due to CF patients having different liking for foods compared to healthy children and whether liking can be linked to specific changes in smell or taste function. Here, the relationships between food liking, BMI, and smell and taste function in 42 CF and 42 healthy 5‐ to 18‐year olds is pursued. A three‐choice 16‐item odor identification test and a gustatory identification test involving five concentrations of sweet, sour, bitter, and salty tastes, were used to assess chemosensory function. Food liking was assessed using a 94‐item questionnaire. Patients identified significantly fewer odors than controls (89.8% vs. 95.7% correct; P < 0.001). However, only a few patients were affected and their loss of olfactory function was not substantial and unlikely to affect their liking for foods. Taste identification was similar for the two groups (patients 92.6% vs. controls 94.2% correct). There was no correlation between age and odor identification ability, but taste performance improved with age (r = 0.39, P < 0.05), suggesting cognition was the cause. Patients liked several types of foods and high‐fat foods more than the controls. Both groups had a similar liking for low‐fat foods and both liked high‐fat foods more than low‐fat foods. No significant relationships existed between FEV1 and smell or taste function or liking for foods, the BMI of the groups were similar and there was no relationship between BMI and smell or taste function. The results indicate that the abnormal eating behavior reported for many CF patients is not due to changes in chemosensory function which remains normal in most CF patients at least to 18 years of age. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:807–815. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baseline Characteristics and Factors Associated With Nutritional and Pulmonary Status at Enrollment in the Cystic Fibrosis EPIC Observational Cohort
Authors: Rosenfeld Margaret , Emerson Julia , McNamara Sharon , Joubran Kelli , Retsch‐Bogart George , Graff Gavin R. , Gutierrez Hector H. , Kanga Jamshed F. , Lahiri Thomas , Noyes Blake , Ramsey Bonnie , Ren Clement L. , Schechter Michael , Morgan Wayne , Gibson Ronald L. ,   for the EPIC Study Group
Published: July 2010

Background

The EPIC Observational Study is an ongoing prospective cohort study investigating risk factors for and clinical outcomes associated with early Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) acquisition in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Objectives and Hypothesis

To describe the baseline characteristics of the cohort and evaluate associations between potential risk factors and nutritional and respiratory characteristics at enrollment. We hypothesized that distinct demographic and environmental risk factors could be identified for poorer nutritional status and lung function at enrollment.

Methods

During 2004–2006, 1,700 children with CF were enrolled at 59 US CF centers. Children ≤12 years were eligible if they had no prior Pa infection (Pa‐Never) or, if prior isolation of Pa from respiratory cultures, at least a 2‐year history of Pa negative cultures (Pa‐Past).

Results

One thousand one hundred seventeen participants (65.7%) were Pa‐Never and 583 (34.3%) Pa‐Past. Pa‐never patients had a lower proportion of CFTR genotypes with both mutations in functional classes I, II, or III), higher lung function and less respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis after newborn or prenatal screening was associated with significantly higher mean weight, height, and FEV1 at enrollment, while maternal smoking during pregnancy appeared to worsen these parameters.

Conclusions

Children in this cohort with a remote history of Pa infection had a higher proportion of CFTR genotypes associated with severely reduced CFTR function as well as lower lung function and more respiratory symptoms than those without prior Pa infection. These observed differences in respiratory indices may reflect the impact of prior Pa airway infection and/or of CFTR genotype or other genetic factors predisposing both to earlier Pa acquisition and more severe lung disease. Key characteristics associated with nutritional and pulmonary status at enrollment included diagnosis after prenatal or neonatal screening (protective) and in utero cigarette exposure (harmful). Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:934–944. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wrapping effects in supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Fiamberti F.
Published: July 2010

Several perturbative computations of finite‐size effects, performed on the gauge side of the AdS/CFT correspondence by means of superspace techniques, are presented. First, wrapping effects are analyzed in the standard 𝒩 = 4 theory, by means of the calculation of the four‐loop anomalous dimension of the Konishi operator. Then, a similar computation at five loops is described. Afterwards, finite‐size effects are studied in the β‐deformed case, where thanks to the reduced number of supersymmetries the simpler class of single‐impurity operators can be considered, so that the leading corrections to the anomalous dimensions at generic order can be reduced to the computation of a class of integrals. Explicit results are given up to eleven loops. A further chapter is dedicated to the computation of the leading finite‐size effects on operators dual to open strings. In the end, some comments are made and proposals for future developments are discussed.
p53 Pro72Arg polymorphism and prostate cancer in men of African descent
Authors: Ricks‐Santi L. , Mason T. , Apprey V. , Ahaghotu C. , McLauchlin A. , Josey D. , Bonney G. , Dunston G.M.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND

p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis. A variant at codon 72, rs1042522, results in altered activities for p53 and is, notably, differentially distributed among different ethnic populations. However, associations of this variant with cancer in men of African descent have not been explored. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that rs1042522 was associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Genotypes were determined by PCR‐RFLP methods in a study population of African descent consisting of 266 PCa patients and 196 male controls.

RESULTS

Our results indicate that the p53 polymorphism may be associated with increased risk of PCa. Genotypes were significantly and marginally associated with PCa risk using the dominant and log‐additive genetic models (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.02–2.29, P = 0.04; OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.99–1.78, P = 0.06, respectively). After adjusting for age, the associations with PCa remained, but results were not statistically significant (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.95–2.31, P = 0.08; OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.95–1.80, P = 0.10, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study demonstrates that population‐dependent differences in allele frequencies associated with health disparities provide a valuable framework for the interrogation of complex diseases in all populations. Prostate 70: 1739–1745, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of integrated pest management for the control of mushroom sciarid flies, Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) and Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock), in cultivated mushrooms
Authors: Shamshad Afsheen
Published: July 2010

Mushrooms are susceptible to a range of diseases and pests that can cause serious crop loss. Effective pest and pathogen control is a very important factor for the maintenance of efficient production of cultivated mushrooms. Integrated pest management in mushrooms is reliant upon four main principals/elements: sanitation, exclusion, monitoring and pest control. Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock) and Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) (Diptera: Sciaridae) are major pests of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. These pests cause losses in yield through larval damage of the compost, mycelium and sporophores, and affect the structural features of the compost itself. Adult flies of these species also act as vectors for the introduction of mites and fungal diseases in cultivated mushrooms. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry