bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Prospective Teacher Students Errors in Making Math Test Instruments Based on Bloom's Taxonomy Revised
Authors: Adhitya Yusuf
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the errors of prospective teacher students in making math test instruments based on cognitive levels from the Bloom’s Taxonomy Revised (BTR). BTR consists of LOTS (C1-C3) and HOTS (C4-C6) levels. This research included descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 19 prospective teacher students, namely the mathematics education department in the Mathematics Learning Evaluation course. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that prospective teacher students made mistakes at both levels but more at the HOTS level. At the LOTS level, it is on the error level C3; at the HOTS level, it is spread at all levels, namely C4-C6. An indication of error that often arises is that prospective teacher students cannot compile questions according to their level of cognition. The questions made are often still below the level they should be. The level of the questions made is still below the level that it should be.
Study on the influence of processing technology on the properties of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy
Authors: He Jin , Feng Hongfeng , Wen Pengjun
Published: January 2024

2024-T3 aluminum alloy is widely recognized for its low density and excellent mechanical properties. However, it has some shortcomings at high temperatures. Using Abaqus simulation technology, the surface heat source during the VIES (Variable Input Energy Source) treatment process was simulated, with the energy originating from the discharge channel. Through orthogonal experimental methods, it was indicated that the distribution and depth of the molten pool varied under different process parameters. Meanwhile, electric spark surface strengthening mainly affected the surface of the workpiece, with minimal impact on the internal structure. When the impact frequency is constant, increasing the input current enlarges the maximum heat flux density (Qmax) at the center, leading to an expansion of the molten pool area. Conversely, when the input current is constant, increasing the impact frequency shortens the contact time between the electric spark and the plate, resulting in reduced heat input from the electric spark. Consequently, the surface molten pool area decreases.
Optimization of pipeline scheme for measuring rheological parameters of drilling fluid by pipe flow method
Authors: Zhao Jiahui , Rao Xin , Meng Xinle
Published: January 2024

Drilling fluid is known as the blood of drilling engineering, which plays an important role in drilling engineering. The real-time measurement of drilling fluid rheological parameters is crucial to the optimization and adjustment of drilling scheme. Pipe flow method is a common method of measuring drilling fluid rheology parameters, pipe flow method monitoring equipment is an important reason of the pipe flow method monitoring principle, the analysis of the reason, put forward the spiral development section optimization scheme, using F LUENT numerical simulation software for simulation, the optimization platform and verify the reliability of the optimization of numerical simulation results, greatly reduce the pipe flow, method monitoring equipment volume. It also provides a theoretical basis for other pipeline measurement fields.
Are Any Signs of Christ’s Coming in Matthew 24:1–31?
Authors: Thomas Jeremy
Published: January 2024

Dispensationalists continue to hold a wide variety of interpretations of Matthew 24–25. Views fall into two main groups: historical-futurist and strict futurist. Within the historical-futurist interpretation, there are the gap and chronological views. Both see the church, and sometimes the rapture and judgment seat of Christ, in Matthew 24 and 25. Within the strict futurist interpretation, there are the general to specific, chronological, and recapitulation interpretations. These views see only Israel in the discourse. Each interpretation is evaluated, and weaknesses are shown.
Histological effects of the use of chewing tobacco during pregnancy on ovaries of the offspring of rats.
Authors: Samreen Pandhian  , Muhammad Shahab Hanif  , Jahanzeb Khan  , Muhammad Saqib Baloch  , Dr. Hira  , Dr. Ayesha
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Exposure to smokeless tobacco products (Nicotine) is associatedwith the generation of reactive oxygen species, modulation of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of collagen synthesis and impairment of DNA repair capacity whichin some way may cause harmful effects on the ovaries of the offspring.Objectives: To observe the effects of chewing tobacco on the gross morphologicaland histological alterations on the ovaries of offspring’s rats.Methodology: Twenty pregnant rats were divided in two groups: Group. A(Control) 10 pregnant rats received normal diet and water ad libitum. Group. B(Experimental) 10 pregnant rats received 5% tobacco mixed with normal feed andwater ad libitum. After 21 days, the female offspring of both control and experimental groups were sacrificed, ovaries removed and stained with H&E stains formicroscopic examination.Results: The results clearly showed that smokeless tobacco consumption duringgestation reduces the weight and size of ovary along with the congested blood vessels, compact stroma and degenerative primordial follicles. Hence the practice ofchewing tobacco in mothers is directly related to the adverse effects in offspringhealth and ovaries.

Key words: Chewing Tobacco, Offspring, Ovaries, Rats.
Study of Treatment Pattern of Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Pakistani Context
Authors: Alina Atif
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Neurodegenerative disease is a multi-factorial disease which isattributed to the constant degeneration of the function and structure of central andperipheral nervous system. Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases are common degenerative diseases all over the world including Pakistan.Objectives: To find out the disease treatment pattern of neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson’s disease) in a Pakistani context. The studywill help the practicing neuro physicians in Pakistan to get an insight about the findings.Methodology: This study was conducted at private hospital of Karachi having 200indoor patients from Dec 2020 to June 2021. Patients selected through conveniencesampling by screening at two stages. At first the patients were screened at generalOPD or ER. The attending physician then referred the cases to consultant physicians.After confirmation at this level the cases referred to the neurologist. A total of 146patients were diagnosed for Alzheimer disease while 46 were diagnosed for Parkinson’s disease.Results: For this cohort 146 cases diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease; femaleoutnumber male and almost all were suffering from one or more other illness aswell. Mild grade seen mostly during 50-59 years of age. 48 cases were diagnosed asParkinson's disease, males affected more than female and most were in their fifties.In comparison to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease had a mild relationshipwith the independent variables for example motor symptoms and other comorbidity.

Keywords: Neurogenerative disorders, Parkinsonism, Alzheimer disease.
Risk Factors Associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Children.
Authors: Ashok Kumar  , Sana Muhammad Sadiq  , Junaid Hussain  , Allah Bux Mushtaq  , Sajid Rashid Nagra  , Furqan Mirza
Published: January 2024

Abstract:

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the foremost infections that cause disabling hearing loss among children in underdeveloped countries, ultimately leading to speech delay and a negative impact on children's intellect and mental health.

Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with chronic suppurative otitis media, for early detection of disease and prevention of its complications.

Methodology: It prospective study was conducted at the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, Suleman Roshan Medical College, Tando Adam, Sindh, from January 2022 to July 2022. All the children ≤ 15 years with a history of chronically discharging ears were included after parental consent. A detailed history was taken and a comprehensive ENT examination was done. Patients with co-existing external ear infections, congenital anomalies, and a history of previous ear surgery were excluded.

Results: A total of 396 children participated with male preponderance. The majority of the patients were residents of rural areas. The unilateral and mucosal diseases were more prevailed. The commonest communal co morbidity was a nasal allergy. Other risk factors included rural area residency, the low literacy rate of parents, particularly mothers, and high exposure to passive smoking. 

Conclusion: The occurrence of chronic suppurative otitis media is highly curable by spreading public education about child health care especially the institution of hygienic living conditions and avoidance of exposure to possible allergens especially tobacco smoke.

 

Keywords: Eustachian tube, Chronic suppurative otitis media, hearing impairment.
Breast Cancer Screening Awareness in Educated Pakistani Women.
Authors: Fareeha Shahid  , Capt. Abdul Shakoor  , Muhammad Ibrahim  , Hammad Ali  , Ghulam Muhayyudin  , Esha Khan  , Muhammad Intisar  , Muhammad Intisar  , Asfund Bashir  , Maaz Hassan
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer is the abnormal accumulation of breast cells, and the first symptom is typically a painless breast lump, though other symptoms, such as a change in size or shape, dimpling, redness, pitting, and the appearance of the nipple, or a change in the discharge from the nipple, may also be present.

Objective: To assess women's familiarity with breast screening practices and disseminate information about impact of early detection with favourable outcome.

Methodology: An online cross-sectional study was conducted and non-probability convenient sampling was used. Among 471 participants, complete data of 408 participants was available and used for the purpose of the study. Ethical considerations were followed and study approved by the ethical research committee of Bahria University Karachi. SPSS version 26 was used for the data analysis.

Results: The findings showed that participants had inadequate understanding about breast cancer screening. Women with advanced degrees fared no better in terms of knowledge than their less educated counterparts. Women with a strong family history of breast cancer found to have high levels of awareness about the disease.

Conclusion: The early diagnosis and treatment are key to reducing the risk of breast cancer progressing to a more advance stage. On the other hand, women at risk have limited knowledge about breast cancer that surely has detrimental effects on the diagnosis and management and adding increased mortality.

Keywords: Breast cancer, KAP, educated women, Breast Screening.
Elevated levels of serum uric acid and its correlation with unfavorable out-comes in individuals who experience acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airway disease.
Authors: Istikhar Ali Sajjad  , Awais Aslam  , Mehr Muhammad Imran  , Mehvish Aqil
Published: January 2024

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between increased levels of blood uric acid and unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methodology: This Prospective Cohort study was conducted at Pulmonology Department of Jinnah Hospital; Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore from Dec 2019 to May 2020. Total 142 patients (71 from exposed and 71 from un-exposed group) that satisfied the inclusion criteria were studied. Depending upon level of serum uric acid at the time of admission, before initiation of therapy, these patients were considered as exposed and unexposed. Demographics and all-cause mortality, ICU admission, need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and length of hospital stay (LOS) for AECOPD within 30 days was logged.Results: The 95% confidence interval for the relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality in the exposed group (raised serum uric acid at the time of admission) was 6.50 with a p-value of 0.003. Patients from exposed group also needed to stay in the hospital longer and more frequently, needed noninvasive breathing and ICU admittance at 30 days. There were in-creased number of exacerbations among exposed group as compared to unexposed (p-value = 0.002).Conclusion: The raised serum uric acid at the time of admission is linked to higher chance of morbidity and death in pa-tients of AECOPD. This finding may be helpful in identifying high risk patients so that intensive and rigorous treatment may be initiated early.Key words: COPD, AECOPD, Serum Uric Acid, Chronic Smokers.
Exploring Mother’s Perspectives about Routine Immunization in District Peshawar: A Cross Sectional Survey.
Authors: Hamna Khan  , Muhammad Imran Marwat  , Zumaira Sauleh  , Nimra Akhtar  , Shumaila Shahid  , Azra Shaheen
Published: January 2024

Objective: of this study was to investigate mothers' opinions and knowledge regarding regular immunization of their chil-dren.Methodology: Between July 2019 to January 2020, this descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatrics outpatient department, Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. Women aged between 19-44 years, having at least one child less than 5 years of age were asked to complete standardized questionnaire. After stratification of the collected data, regression analysis performed.Results: Mean age of participants was 27.72 ±4.07 years, 41.98% received elementary education, while 61.32% were housewives. We observed enough knowledge in 162(88.04%) patients aged 19-29 years as compared to 55 (93.22%) aged 30-44 years (p=0.002). Additionally, knowledge was noticeably greater in situations involving several children.Conclusion: Women having secondary school or higher education and several children has sufficient knowledge of im-munization.

Key words: KAP, Immunization, Mothers, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination
Measurement of distance between maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in dentate individuals.
Authors: Farzana Memon  , Rabia Chandio  , Rafia Khan  , Amber Faryal  , Ghulam Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Objective: To measure the distance amongst the incisive papilla’s centre and posterior border to the incisal edge of the upper central incisors in dentate individuals.Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Prosthodontics at Isra Dental Col-lege, Hyderabad from May, 2020 to Feb, 2021. During study period, 200 patients aged between 20-40 years of either gender were included. Impressions and casts made. On the cast and distance measured and recorded for maxillary central incisor and incisive papilla with the help of vernier calliper.Results: Mean distance between maxillary central incisive papilla’s centre was 9.20mm while it was 12.47mm from up-per incisor to the incisive papilla’s posterior border. Distance among the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla’s center and posterior border were significant statically in both genders.Conclusion: While fabricating removable prosthesis, the results of current study may used as primary point for position of maxillary incisors.

Key words: Anatomical landmarks, Central incisors & Incisive papilla. Removeable prosthesis
Etiology of acute gastroenteritis among pre-school children in Peshawar-KP Pakistan, a case control study.
Authors: Farid Ullah Shah  , Jahangir Anjum  , Muhammad Daud  , Wasim Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the etiology of acute viral gastroenteritis among preschool children in Pesha-war, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methodology: A total of 420 stool samples were gathered from children under five, displaying symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps. Recruitment took place at a Peshawar tertiary care hospital, approved by the institute's IRB. The cohort was split evenly into 210 cases and 210 controls. Healthy controls\ originated from the outpa-tient department with no diarrhea within the last 10 days, while cases were from the emergency, inpatient, and outpa-tient units. Diagnosis criteria encompassed at least one vomiting episode in the last 24 hours and over three loose stools daily, enduring less than 5 days. Moderate to severe cases included indicators like skin turgor loss, sunken eyes, IV treatment, dysentery, or gastroenteritis-related hospitalization. A 2-month follow-up tracked complications and mortal-ity, with parental consent secured.Results: Among participants, 60% (n=126/210) were male and 40% (n=84/210) were female. The average age was 20 months (range 1-50 months). Clinical symptoms were evident during enrollment; cases displayed watery diarrhea (4 episodes on average in 24 hours, lasting 2.50 days), and 48% (n=101) experienced vomiting (3 episodes on average in 24 hours). Acute gastroenteritis symptoms persisted for an average of 4.0 days. Severe and mild dehydration were ob-served in 12% (n=25) and 28% (n=58) of patients, respectively. Additional symptoms included fever (8%, n=17), ab-dominal pain (8%, n=17), and dysentery (5%, n=10). The majority (90%, n=189) received intravenous fluids, while 10% (n=21) were treated orally.Conclusion: The common causative organism for childhood diarrhea is adenovirus.

Key words: Acute gastroenteritis, Acute diarrhea, Vomiting, Nausea, Abdominal Cramps
Analysis of The Need for Applied Science Teaching Materials in Chemical Materials in Vocational School, Department of Culinary, Tangerang District
Authors: Nur Afinda Bella , Anwar Sjaeful , Sumarna Omay
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explain the need for teaching materials in the culinary arts vocational school which will be developed using the 4S TMD method. This research is based on the problem of not integrating chemistry subjects in supporting vocational subjects with culinary skills competence. So there are no teaching materials that are relevant to the competence of culinary expertise. The data collection instrument used was the relevance format between chemical content and vocational content. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were two lecturers of chemistry education, two teachers of applied science, and three teachers of productive culinary arts who acted as validators. The results of this study became the basis for researchers in developing chemistry books using the 4S TMD method on applied science teaching materials for chemistry relevant to vocational skills in culinary skills.
Problema de la Metafísica de Aristóteles en la antigüedad: una crisis prematura
Authors: León Florido Francisco
Published: January 2024

Este artículo trata de describir cómo la Metafísica de Aristóteles ha constituido desde la antigüedad una materia problemática. Las dudas se inician con su hipotética composición originaria en la escuela peripatética, su primera transmisión y su práctica desaparición. La edición canónica de Andrónico plantea cuestiones sobre el criterio de su ordenación, e incluso del título mismo. Mástarde se interpreta de diversas formas sentido de su contenido doctrinal, que, cada vez más, se inclina a una sistematicidad orientada hacia una finalidad teológica, tal como se entenderá la obra en su recepción medieval.
La visión de André de Muralt sobre la influencia de la teología medieval en la evolución histórica del pensamiento metafísico.
Authors: Fernández Polanco Valentín
Published: January 2024

En las líneas que siguen se expone la visión de la evolución del pensamiento metafísico que se puede obtener a partir de la obra de André de Muralt. Según esa visión, la historia de la metafísica se puede dividir en dos períodos fundamentales: el período antiguo y medieval, por un lado, y el moderno y contemporáneo, por otro. El primero de ellos se edifica sobre las soluciones platónica y aristotélica a la aporía parmenídea, y entra en crisis con la limitación impuesta al conocimiento metafísico por la teología crítica del siglo XIV. El segundo se presenta escindido en dos líneas paralelas: una línea que, al edificarse sobre cimientos escotistas, nace condenada a no poder superarlos, y otra que, aceptando las conclusiones de Guillermo de Ockham, declara resueltamente la completa imposibilidad de la metafísica. Ambas líneas confluyen en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en la misma era postmetafísica.
Franz Brentano ante el ocaso de la metafísica: su concepción de la providencia
Authors: Torrijos Castrillejo David
Published: January 2024

Brentano aborda la noción de la providencia dentro de sus reflexiones acerca de la teodicea, no sólo en sus escritos de tema metafísico sino también en los de tema ético. Junto a la cuestión del mal, en ellos se halla también el debate en torno al determinismo y el indeterminismo. El filósofo alemán desarrolla su pensamiento personal armonizando sus fuentes favoritas: Aristóteles, Tomás de Aquino y Leibniz. Ahora bien, también va más allá de ellas, introduciendo un determinismo extraño a Tomás de Aquino y eliminando de la vida futura los castigos divinos, apartándose así de la postura cristiana mantenida incluso por Leibniz. A Aristóteles se le acaban atribuyendo las ideas leibnizianas de Brentano: su Dios es el autor del mejor de los mundos posibles y, dentro de un paradigma determinista, lleva a todas las almas a una felicidad inmortal.
Naturalización inmanente de la significatio y el declive de la metafísica
Authors: Lázaro Pulido Manuel
Published: January 2024

En el presente artículo pretendemos mostrar como uno de los espacios de comprensión de la posición antimetafísica y de su declive la inmanentización de la significatio. Para ello presentaremos algunos apsctos del proyecto antimetafísico, realizaremos una visión panorámica de la metafísica entendida como significatio que tiene su equivalencia escolástica en la teología de la imagen y concluiremos señalando a modo de apunte la ruptura con la mediación como un proceso de inmanetización de la significación metafísica como soporte de la imagen y su consecuencia para le declive de la metafísica.
Yokai as the Edge of The World
Authors: Retsu Koda
Published: January 2024

Today in Japan, people continue to show considerable interest in yōkai. In the past, a yōkai craze centering on MIZUKI Shigeru’s work GeGeGe no kitarō, had swept the country. However, more recently in 2014 the role-playing game Yōkai Watch (launched by Level-5 Inc. in 2013) was turned into a television anime and is boasting explosive popularity. In addition, while kaidan (yōkai stories) used to be transmitted orally, now they have appeared on the internet, and unique tales continue to be spun. In this way, by continuing to encounter yōkai in some form or another, fixed images of them have been formed amongst people today. In most cases, these images are of grotesque things with a specific appearance, for example, an ‘umbrella-shaped ghost’, a ‘painted wall’, or a ‘haunting cat’. However, these popular images of yōkai are hindrances when engaging in academic research on the subject. Compared to those found at the popular level, researchers’ definitions of yōkai are not uniform. The aim of this paper is, while referring to efforts to reconsider the concept of yōkai in contemporary folklore studies, to decipher INOUE Enryō’s philosophically motivated Yōkai Studies (or, Mystery Studies), and above all, to inquire into its limits and possibilities through his late-year “Mutual Inclusion” theory. By taking as an unconscious ontological premise the non-existence of yōkai, yōkai research in contemporary folklore studies has come up against the ontologies of folklorists that speak of actual existence of yōkai. For this reason, we must newly inquire into the ontological premise of the yōkai concept. However, this requires not something that results in an ‘anything goes’ perceptual relativism, but rather a pluralistic methodology that allows the co-existence of diverse ontological viewpoints while unifying them on a meta-level. In this sense, the perspectival conception of the interrelated structure of matter, mind and principle in Enryō’s Yōkai Studies and his late period philosophy of the Mutual Inclusion of the ‘front’ and ‘back’ offer considerable clues. A research approach that is not partial to a specific view of yōkai and makes use of folklorists’ worldviews can provide a metatheory for yōkai research. However, Enryō did not fully traverse this path. In his own Yōkai Studies, he did not choose to adopt the perspective of the superimposition of time, space, mind and matter within mutual inclusion, or approach yōkai phenomena as the edge of the cosmos that is formed within this perspective. Drawing from Enryō’s ideas, the paper proposes to newly define the concept of yōkai as the edge of the cosmos. Yōkai are things that continually threaten the concepts of the cosmos that researchers and folklorists hold. Having inquired to this point, our questions reverse themselves. Perhaps it is us humans who are interrogated by yōkai.
What is the primary culprit that causes the "Doomsday Glacier" in Antarctica?
Authors: Zhang Jijun
Published: January 2024

Antarctica, situated in the southernmost part of the earth is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. It has an extremely important role in tuning global climate, both because of its geographic location, and its giant ice mass, that comprises ~90% of the world's ice. In the past decades, the Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica is undergoing the fastest recession in the region. The ice loss in Thwaites Glacier is currently responsible for roughly four percent of the global sea-level rise, which has been attributed to climate change and ocean warming. Due to the continuous collapsing and melting of Thwaites Glacier and the severe threat to humans, scientists gave it a terrifying name "Doomsday Glacier". With increasingly geological and geophysical studies conducted in West Antarctica, geothermal heat flux has been discovered to play a vital role in icesheet retreating. The rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pope glaciers are underlain by areas of largely elevated geothermal heat flow, which relates to the tectonic and magmatic history of the West Antarctic Rift System in this region, suggesting that this area is coupled to the dynamics of the underlying lithosphere. The collapsing and melting of the West Antarctic glaciers are without doubt a realistic and complex issue. From the current geological surveys, the heat flux of the crust of West Antarctica appears to be accelerating, coupled with frequent earthquakes and volcanoes. Geothermal features such as hot water lakes, thermal rivers, and giant ice caves beneath the glaciers have been continuously discovered. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that geothermal effects play a significant role in modifying the vast ice masses, causing glacier sliding, cracking, collapsing, and ultimately melting, and create conditions for a warming climate to melt West Antarctic glaciers. Many studies also suggest that warm ocean water is intruding beneath the glaciers across the grounding line, leading to melting of glacier bottom, which has been generally considered to be associated with human-emitted greenhouse gases, but it is thought here not to be a primary factor for glacier melting, but most likely a secondary factor. It is believed that primary and secondary factors, Milankovitch orbits, black body radiation, solar activities, human activities, and other factors are all interconnected to form a feedback loop between the glacier base and the ocean, or even a positive feedback loop, which further accelerates the collapsing and melting of the west Antarctic glaciers
Optimizing geological design of J-shaped deviation oil & gas well by deepening kickoff point
Authors: Huang Lei
Published: January 2024

In the geological design of 2-D J-shaped deviated oil and gas wells, once the coordinates of wellhead and production layer target are determined (restricted by specific ground conditions and underground understanding, respectively), the position of the kickoff point (KOP) becomes very sensitive. By deepening the kickoff point (KOP) based on the current conventional fixed upper position and the dog leg severity (DLS) remaining unchanged within the penetrated range, a smaller drill axis and an angle between the production layer and axis can be obtained at the same designated target point to extend the section of penetrated oil-bearing layers, expand the oil drainage area, increase proven reserves, and ultimately enhance the oil production and recovery during the contract period. In addition, after optimization, it is expected to save 1-2% of well drilling costs by reducing drilling time. With the help of drilling engineering and production engineering, drilling KOP can be achieved easily in deeper and harder rock formations, which is able to improve the efficiency of the electric submersible pump (ESP) and to avoid eccentric wear of the ESP, resulting in extension of the service life of the ESP. This optimized design also runs in parallel with various well stimulation programs and projects without any confliction of each other. This design can be either used for comparison of the parameters of the completed inclined wells with assumed ones of deepening KOP design to show how the deepening KOP can be used to differentiate the increased thickness of the penetrated target layers and the drainage area of target zones, or it can be utilized to compare any pair of parameters between inclined production wells within a range. In the same drilling field, any random increase of 1° inclination angle in a stable inclination section can lead to a corresponding increase in the thickness of the penetrated oil-bearing layer and production. Our research results quantitatively indicate that in the geological design of J-shaped deviation oil and gas wells, the KOP can be re-set from a shallower fixed position along the current conventional trajectory to a reasonable position as deep as possible, which shall be suitable for most situations of optimizing well performance, especially for some restricted complex surface conditions and energy-deficient reservoirs, which assign the KOP a new geological significance in line with the business strategy of rapid oil recovery
The limitations and constraints of ChatGPT: an annotated bibliography for researchers and professionals
Authors: He Shaoyi
Published: January 2024

This annotated bibliography delves into the intricate web of limitations and constraints that surround ChatGPT, a pioneering natural language processing AI model. As AI technologies continue to redefine human-computer interaction, understanding the boundaries and potential pitfalls of these systems becomes paramount. This comprehensive resource compiles a diverse array of sources, including academic studies, reports, and analyses, published between December 2022 and August 2023 and dedicated to unraveling specific facets of ChatGPT's limitations and constraints. Annotated entries not only provide succinct summaries of these limitations but also offer critical assessments, shedding light on their significance, credibility, and real-world implications. The annotated bibliography aims to be an essential guide for researchers, developers, policymakers, and users, navigating the complexities of ChatGPT's constraints while fostering responsible AI development, informed decision-making, and ethical AI usage. In an era where AI plays an increasingly integral role in our lives, understanding the limitations and constraints of such technologies is not merely an academic exercise but a crucial step toward harnessing their potential for the betterment of society
Preliminary discussion on pyrrhotite, gold killer in Wells-Barkerville, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Yin Jianzhao
Published: January 2024

The Wells-Barkerville area of the Cariboo gold mining district is situated within the Quesnel Highlands on the eastern edge of the Interior Plateau in central British Columbia, Canada of the eastern Circum-Pacific volcanicmetallogenic belt. Recorded gold production from the area totals more than 4.0 million ounces, including an estimated 2.7 million ounces from placer mining from 101 creeks and 1.3 million ounces from lode mining. There are five principal types of lode gold deposits in the district; namely, auriferous pyrite replacement, including replacement in limestone and that in calcareous clastic rock; pyrite-quartz vein/veinlet lode gold, including strike vein, diagonal vein, orthogonal vein, and quartz veinlets; basalt-hosted auriferous pyrrhotite-pyrite lode gold; and associated gold in porphyry copper styles. This area is historically a famous gold production area in western Canada, including the initial alluvial gold and later and current lode gold. This original short article uses drilling results to illustrate that pyrrhotite in this area is the killer of gold. Wherever there is pyrrhotite, the gold grade is very poor or even contains no gold. In other words, gold grade is inversely related to pyrrhotite content. Then, the spatial distribution characteristics of the pyrrhotite anomaly zone(s) existing in this area were summarized, including the approximate thickness of zone(s). On this basis, several deep drill holes are recommended to verify whether there is considerable gold mineralization beneath the pyrrhotite anomaly zone(s).
PENERAPAN METODE PAKEM (PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF, KREATIF, ‎EFEKTIF, MENYENANGKAN) DI MADRASAH
Authors: Wasilah Khairul
Published: January 2024

Penerapan metode PAKEM (Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif, Menyenangkan) di madrasah merupakan sebuah pendekatan dalam proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di lingkungan madrasah. Metode PAKEM memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk aktif dalam proses belajar-mengajar, mengembangkan kreativitas mereka, mencapai efektivitas pembelajaran, dan menciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan di kelas. Dalam penelitian ini, fokus diberikan pada penerapan metode PAKEM di madrasah sebagai alternatif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Metode ini melibatkan siswa secara langsung dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, baik melalui diskusi, tanya jawab, bermain peran, atau proyek-proyek kreatif lainnya. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengaktifkan siswa secara mental dan fisik sehingga mereka dapat terlibat secara aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, metode PAKEM juga menekankan pentingnya kreativitas siswa dalam mencari solusi dan menyampaikan pemahaman mereka tentang materi pelajaran. Dengan memberikan kebebasan kepada siswa untuk berpikir kritis dan mengembangkan ide-ide baru, metode ini mendorong siswa untuk menjadi pemikir mandiri dan inovatif. Efektivitas metode PAKEM juga dapat dilihat dari peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa. Dengan menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan menarik, siswa lebih termotivasi untuk aktif dan terlibat dalam proses pembelajaran. Ini akan berdampak positif pada pencapaian hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Dalam konteks madrasah, penerapan metode PAKEM juga memiliki nilai-nilai yang sejalan dengan pendekatan Islam dalam pendidikan. Metode ini mendorong siswa untuk berpikir kritis, berinteraksi dengan lingkungan, dan mengembangkan potensi mereka secara menyeluruh. Dengan demikian, penerapan metode PAKEM dapat membantu madrasah dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan Islam yang holistik.
PERAN GURU AKIDAH AKHLAK DALAM PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN ‎KARAKTER DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0‎
Authors: Ridho Ali
Published: January 2024

Artikel ini membahas peran guru akidah akhlak dalam menguatkan pendidikan karakter di era revolusi industri 4.0. untuk mencapai tujuan ini, dilakukan aktifitas pembelajaran penggunaan metode pengajaran yang interaktif dan kontekstual, mengaitkan ajaran agama dengan kehidupan sehari-hari siswi, memberikan teladan yang baik, mengadakan kegiatan keagamaan dan pengembangan spiritual, dan mengintegrasikan pembelajaran agama dengan mata pelajaran lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang peran penting guru akidah akhlak dalam menguatkan karakter siswa di era revolusi industri. Strategi-strategi yang diungkapkan dalam artikel ini dapat menjadi referensi dan panduan bagi para guru Pendidikan akidah akhlak, yaitu menerapkan nilai-nilai agama dalam setiap hari dan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang menarik dan relevan dengan budaya digital.
PENERAPAN MODEL KOGNITIF VARIASI EPISTEMIC GAMES BERBASIS PEMECAHAN MASALAH DI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Habibi Shaufan
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji perbedaan hasil belajar fisika antara menggunakan model kognitif variasi epistemic games berbasis pemecahan masalah dengan menggunakan model konvensional dan mendeskripsikan perbedaan hasil belajar fisika siswa jika menggunakan model kognitif variasi epistemic games berbasis pemecahan masalah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen murni dengan menggunakan desain pre-test post-test kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas sebelas Madrasah Aliyah Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata yang terdiri dari dua kelas. Satu kelas ditetapkan secara acak sebagai kelas kontrol, dan kelas yang lain ditetapkan sebagai kelas eksperimen. Kelas eksperimen diperlakukan dengan menggunakan model kognitif variasi epistemic games berbasis pemecahan masalah sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan model konvensional. Data hasil belajar siswa diperoleh melalui tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara menggunakan model kognitif variasi epistemic games berbasis pemecahan masalah dengan menggunakan model konvensional, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,00074795 lebih kecil dari pada α = 0,05. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa model kognitif variasi epistemic games berbasis pemecahan masalah dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
RNA Interference in Agriculture: Methods, Applications, and Governance
Authors: Vélez Arango Ana María , Darlington Molly , Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis , Kogel Karl-Heinz , Rathore Keerti , Smagghe Guy , Whyard Steve
Published: January 2024

RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism conserved across organisms with a clearly defined cell nucleus (eukaryotes). Gene silencing by RNAi through the degradation of a target messenger RNA (mRNA) has historically been used as a research tool to study the function of genes. Over the past two decades, silencing of vital genes through RNAi has been explored for agricultural applications, including managing plant insect pests and pathogens, improving plant agronomic traits, and increasing consumer desirability of food. Using RNAi for crop protection is especially attractive because of its high specificity, which minimizes unintended effects on non-target organisms and improves the safety profile of RNAi products. This paper describes how RNAi functions, its current applications in agriculture, the current regulatory views of RNAi-based pesticides, and concludes with a discussion of current challenges for the commercial application of RNAi in agriculture. The content presented is intended to serve as a resource for regulatory agencies, policy and lawmakers, private and public institutions, and the general public to inform regulatory assessments and consumer choice decisions.
Caracterización de los factores estratégicos para la sostenibilidad del sector cafetero. Caso del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Tróchez Diana Ximena , Rivera Martínez Wilfred Fabián , Osorio Arias María del Mar
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: caracterizar los factores estratégicos implicados en la sostenibilidad de las relaciones productivas, comerciales y sociales entre agricultores, microempresas y representantes de la institucionalidad implicados en el mercado del café especial en el Cauca, Colombia. Metodología: estudio cualitativo de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo, con diseño fenomenológico y análisis de discurso de cinco factores clave para la sostenibilidad del café especial, desde la perspectiva de 30 agricultores, 7 empresas y 60 representantes de las instituciones. Resultados: se documentaron I. beneficios y motivaciones para la producción, II. determinantes de la cadena de valor, III. necesidades de formación, IV. exigencias a las políticas públicas y V. determinantes socioorganizativos. Se identificaron la presencia de liderazgo femenino, buenas prácticas ambientales, gestión del conocimiento, trabajo en red, acciones colectivas para la construcción de paz y la necesidad de fortalecer los procesos de producción, comercialización, financiación y posicionamiento de marca. Limitaciones: dificultades en la identificación de productores de café especial, pues se trata de una línea productiva relativamente nueva con respecto a los sistemas de producción tradicionales. Implicaciones prácticas: ampliación del conocimiento en gestión empresarial y del conocimiento, liderazgo, trabajo en red, fortalecimiento de procesos de producción, comercialización, financiación y posicionamiento de marca, que es extrapolable a otros sectores económicos.
Mission : photo d’un objet juridique de mieux en mieux identifié
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan , Morteo Margaux , Ben Messaoud Yassine
Published: January 2024

Il y a quelques années la mission est apparue dans le paysage juridique des entreprises comme un OVNI. Notion étrange et surprenante à l’époque, elle est venue en enrichir d’autres gravitant dans le monde du droit des sociétés. Le juriste commence aujourd’hui à mieux la circonscrire, même si certains mythes sont encore tenaces. L’OVNI est de mieux en mieux identifié. Si la mission est une notion qui existe sans le droit, elle est en effet aujourd’hui saisie par le droit. L’apparition d’une nouvelle forme d’entreprise en témoigne : l’entreprise à mission. Cette entreprise n’est pas une, elle peut être spécifique ou certifiée. Elle est finalement l’objet d’un foisonnement normatif ainsi qu’en témoigne le projet de loi no 747 du Québec, mais présente un fil conducteur : démontrer une volonté de crédibiliser et d’asseoir les démarches éthiques et de responsabilité sociale des entreprises en s’appuyant sur une double mission sécurisée.
Être artiste aujourd’hui : quelques défis de protection de la liberté artistique dans l’espace numérique
Authors: Cuny Laurence
Published: January 2024

En application des textes internationaux de protection des droits de la personne et de la Convention de l’UNESCO de 2005 sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles, les États ont l’obligation de respecter, protéger et mettre en oeuvre la liberté artistique y compris dans l’espace numérique. Or, celui-ci soulève des opportunités et des défis en termes d’accès, de protection des droits économiques et sociaux des artistes et de liberté de création. Pour saisir les opportunités, les artistes doivent développer une présence en ligne ce qui nécessite des connaissances et une adaptation de la part de générations d’artistes qui n’ont pas été formées aux outils numériques. L’environnement numérique a modifié la chaîne de valeur de production artistique et fait apparaître de nouveaux acteurs, la plupart du temps privés, ce qui soulève des questions de régulation, autorégulation et co-régulation sur une matière en constante évolution technologique. Or, peu de pays disposent de cadres réglementaires pour relever les défis du numérique sur des questions essentielles comme la rémunération équitable des créateurs en ligne, la découvrabilité des contenus culturels numériques, l’accès égal à Internet et aux compétences numériques. À cela s’ajoutent des menaces en ligne et la modération de contenus algorithmiques qui entraînent la suppression d’expressions artistiques. L’absence de politiques de soutien et de protection peut conduire les artistes à l’autocensure avec pour conséquence la réduction de la diversité des expressions culturelles portant atteinte au droit de chacun de jouir des arts inscrit à l’article 27 de la Déclarationuniverselledesdroitsdel’Homme ainsi qu’aux dispositions de la Convention de 2005. La contribution présente le cadre international de protection de la liberté artistique et son applicabilité dans l’environnement numérique (Section 1), avant de s’intéresser aux défis de la transposition des droits en ligne notamment en termes d’accès et de diversité et de protection matérielle et physique des artistes (Section 2). Elle s’interroge enfin sur le rôle régulateur de l’État pour se conformer à ses obligations positives et négatives. (Section 3).
L’apport de la mise en oeuvre de la Convention de l’UNESCO de 2005 dans l’environnement numérique à la transmission intra et intergénérationnelle des langues
Authors: Tessier Charlotte
Published: January 2024

Alors que nous entamons la première année de la Décennie des langues autochtones 2022-2032 instaurée par les Nations Unies et que les appels à rédiger un nouvel instrument juridique en matière de diversité linguistique se multiplient, il est bon de s’intéresser à un instrument juridique déjà en vigueur et très pertinent en la matière : la Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles de 2005. Tandis que, sur les 7 000 langues documentées aujourd’hui, presque la moitié sont menacées d’extinction, en particulier les langues autochtones et minoritaires, l’avènement de l’environnement numérique dans le domaine culturel nous amène à considérer d’autres voies pour la protection, la promotion et la transmission intra et intergénérationnelle des langues. La Convention de 2005 s’avère être un soutien majeur pour la diversité linguistique dans l’environnement numérique, notamment depuis l’adoption des Directives opérationnelles sur la mise en oeuvre de la Convention dansl’environnementnumérique. L’étude de la mise en oeuvre de la Convention par les Parties démontre en effet que ces dernières prennent des mesures visant explicitement la protection et la promotion de leurs langues ou, du moins, des mesures qui y contribuent grandement, en particulier par la promotion de leurs contenus locaux.
Proposte di intreccio tra natura e cultura nelle aree protette: il festival Musica in Quota
Authors: Benetti Stefania , Cerutti Stefania
Published: January 2024

Abstract Proposals for Intertwining Nature and Culture in Protected Areas: the Musica in Quota Festival In a context where nature and culture always appear separate, this contribution aims to overcome this dichotomy, proposing a musical festival as an example. Musica in Quota takes place among mountains and protected areas of the Verbano Cusio Ossola province, in the northwest of Piedmont. In the various events of the traveling exhibition, nature becomes the theatre of musical performances. The particular attention to the environmental, social, and economic needs of the local context makes it a virtuous case of programming able to promote the reappropriation of protected spaces through sustainable and participatory cultural practices that translate into active conservation.
Remembering Yellowstone: Nature Conservation, Popular Culture and Belonging
Authors: Cisani Margherita
Published: January 2024

Abstract Yellowstone is globally recognised as the world’s first national park, but the depth of its meaning goes beyond the history of nature conservation. This paper presents the park as an assemblage of landscapes, memories and popular environmental discourses. It interweaves the debate around Yellowstone as a landscape idea with an analysis of its representation in popular culture, from The Yogi Bear Show to the more recent Yellowstone television series. Coupled with personal and subjective memoryscapes, the Yellowstone assemblage is presented as capable to inform the global debate on the role of protected areas, especially in relation to climate change, tourism and recreation, as well as matters of natural heritage kinship and belonging.