bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADEN ECO-TOURISM: REALITY AND OBSTACLES
Authors: Mahfood Ibtehal
Published: June 2023

This research aims to shed light on the reality of eco-tourism in Aden and on glitches that restrict its improvement. In order to achieve objectives of the research, descriptive method was employed to describe reality (research subject-matter). The researcher concluded a number of results including the fact that Aden has many factors, both natural and human, that enable it to host eco-tourism, but this is prevented by various obstacles. Based on the research conclusions, recommendations were presented to contribute to developing and reviving eco-tourism if considered seriously. The most important such recommendations are: providing financial resources, drawing development plans, policies and programs, working on attracting national and international investments in this field while taking into account all ecological considerations and support for infrastructure, protecting and developing all aspects of the city’s natural and historical heritage.
Islamic sukuk industry in the Arab world between the leadership of countries and the start of other countries - Analytical study of a group of Arab experiences-
Authors: Ayache Zoubier , Fenazi Fatima Zahra
Published: June 2023

This study examines the reality of the Islamic Sukuk industry in the Arab countries. The objective of this paper is to investigate the factors and reasons behind the success of sukuk industry in some Arab countries by presenting and analyzing the leading Arab experiences in this field, to benefit from their expertise for other countries seeking to establish and develop a market for the industry Islamic Sukuk, which is one of the most prominent Islamic financing tools, It is a legitimate financing tool that absorbs great economic potentials, which can be applied for various purposes, including: use as a tool of monetary policy to manage excess liquidity, And the financing of the resources of Islamic financial institutions and economic institutions.
The importance of achieving security culture in enhancing the status of companies: the Egyptian airlines as a case study
Authors: Acharbini Mohamed
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to identify the importance of security culture in enhancing the stability of companies, in addition to identifying the obstacles facing the enhancement of this culture among employees of the Egyptian airlines. The study found that spreading the security culture among the employees of the airlines is of great importance. It will help in preparing employees capable of facing the security threats and improving the mental image of the security situation of the Egyptian airlines. Among the most important obstacles was the lack of funds allocated to spread security culture and training in various security situations.
The Role of The Industrial Policy in Developing The Algerian Industrial Sector Le Rôle De la Politique Industrielle Dans le Développement Du Secteur Industriel Algérien
Authors: Djemai Samira , Billami Meryem
Published: June 2023

The study aims to reveal and identify the position of industry in the Algerian economy for itsgreat importance in developing the economic wheel. To fulfill this aim, therefore, data o aneconomic indicators during 2007-2016 were analyzed to figure their contribution. The resultscame out that industry has a considerable contribution to the gross domestic product” GDP “andthe added value whereas its modest participation in the labor force showed no more than 30%.However, these contributions cannot be considered real because the extractive industry dominatesthe industrial sector in Algeria and it is considered the mainstay of the Algerian economy, thus itmakes it vulnerable to crises due to changes in oil prices.
دور الاستثمارات الأجنبية المباشرة في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية د ا رسة حالة الجزائر
Authors: Hadji Assmaa
Published: June 2023

Cette étude vise à examiner la question de l'investissement étranger direct et de mettre en évidence le rôle qu'il joue dans la réalisation du développement économique, Cette étude présente un survol des fondements théoriques et des études et recherches relatives à la compréhension de l'investissement direct étranger (IDE), de ses diverses apparences, ses caractéristiques et son importance dans le développement économique. La première parties est consacrée au la relation et le rôle de l'IDE dans la théorie économique et précisément dans les théories de développement. et en deuxième partie na savon examinés cette relation en Algérie durant la période 2006-2015. Nous avons suivis l’évolution des chacun des effets d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) sur les variables globale de l’économie algérienne, mais la relation théorique solide n’était pas la même influence et la puissance pour l'Algérie, où nous avons noté la faiblesse du volume des investissements en Algérie, ce qui a réduit l'importance de sa contribution au produit intérieur brut et dans l’emplois, ce qui a fait le rôle de l'investissement étranger dans la réalisation du développement économique sans le niveau des ambitions et des capacités qui abondent en Algérie dans divers domaines.
Role of Dimensions of Business maintenance in enhancing the Social Responsibility " An explanatory study in the general company of manufacturing Drugs & medicine equipments in Iraq " / Samarra
Authors: Jssem Mohamed Qusay
Published: June 2023

The research aims at knowing the role of dimensions of business maintenance in enhancing the socialresponsibility in the researched organization ( the general company of manufacturing Drugs & medicineequipments in Samarra / Iraq) through analysis of the content of the relation and effect among the valuables.The researcher tried to raise a number of research enquiries about the problem of the study as follows:a- Does the researched organization have a clear idea about the dimensions of business maintenance؟b- Does the dimensions of business maintenance have a big role in enhancing the social responsibility of theresearched organization؟c- Does the organization realize its social responsibility towards society, environment and employees؟To achieve the aims of the study a hypothetical diagram is adapted with a number of tools and methods forcollecting data and information to answer the problem of the study. For measuring the relationship andexamining the hypotheses (SPSS) program is used.
Impact of the auditor's ethical rules to reduce creative accounting practices Field study of companies in Iraq
Authors: Fakhri Mohamed Mohammad
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to identify the impact of auditors' commitment toethical standards to reduce creativeaccounting practices, andbased research on a key premise that is There are no statistically significantdifferences between the auditor's commitment to business ethics and the use of creative accountingtechniques To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive, analytical and descriptive approaches wereused through a questionnaire list prepared for this purpose, and the study reached a series of results, themost important of which is the commitment of auditors in the Iraqi business sector to a high degree of theethical standards of the auditor The general mean (4.17) There was a statisticallysignificantcorrelationbetween the auditor's commitment to ethical norms and the use of creative methods of accountingTest value(T) (13.81) The study recommended that legislation should be introduced to protect the auditor so that itcould cope with the pressures exercised by the management to exercise creative accounting.
The Role of Free Zones in Economic Development in Oman (Field study on Salalah Free Zone)
Authors: Ahmed Hafid Braham Baamr Adbelkader , Fatouh Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

The study aims to identify the role of free zones in achieving economic development in the Sultanate ofOman. The study society consists of employees working in the companies investing in Salalah Free Zone.The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in this study. 100 questionnaires were distributedamong the sample of the study and only 83 questionnaires were good for statistical analysis. The studyconcluded that there is a statistically significant for the role of free zones in the economic development, alsofound the existence of an statistical significance effect of the laws and exemptions from taxes and fees ineconomic development; as well as the existence of statistic ally influence significant of incentives forinvestment in economic development, and the existence of a statistically significant effect of infrastructurein economic development from the point of view of the employees working in companies invested in thefree zone in Salalah. The Study recommends the establishment of an authority specialized in free zones.Also, it recommends increasing the budget of Salalah free zone to suit the size of the projects which areinvested in Salalah free zones.
Contribution of the green marketing mix to sustainable development Study of a sample of employees of EL-Zahra Hydro-oil Foundation in Wilayat of the El-Oued
Authors: Aouadi Abdelkader , Mraoui Rachida , Aouadi Mostapha
Published: June 2023

This study aims to show how the green marketing mix contributes In achieving sustainabledevelopment in economic institutions, It is one of the most important green economic topics this is due tothe importance of the environment, It makes the institution green adapted to environmental variables andneeds it is also earned by environmentally conscious consumers. This leads to the promotion of sustainabledevelopment, and in order to achieve this goal a study was conducted for a sample of the staff of the ZahraHydrol Foundation in the Wilayat of the El-Oued.The results of this study were: The elements of the green marketing mix play a role in achieving sustainabledevelopment this is because of its relationship to the environmental dimension, The green marketing cultureowned by consumers gives them sufficient environmental awareness and this is what makes the greencompany follow the green marketing strategy in order to preserve the environment.
The Role of Small and Medium Enterprisesin Economic Development in Palestine
Authors: Hamdan Badr
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to measure the impact of small and medium enterprises on the economic development inPalestine.Through multiple regression models, to illustrate the relationship between the dependent variable(GDP at constant prices) and the independent variables (number of workers in small and mediumenterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises, Value Added for SMEs and Investment in Palestine) during theperiod 1995-2017, using the ordinary least square OLS method.The study founda number of results, including a strong positive relationship between the independentvariables and the dependent variable, and the coefficient of regression of the number of small and mediumenterprises (0.053). Based on the study results, the study recommended providing financing facilities andlow interest rates for small and medium enterprises by banking institutions. Therefore, those small andmedium enterprises in Palestine can continue production.
The role of modern monetary policy in targeting inflation in Algeria is a standard (study for the period (2001-2017
Authors: Mir Ahmed , Bouraada Hanane
Published: June 2023

Despite the success of modern monetary policy based on the adoption of inflation targetingstrategy in the achievement of low inflation rates during the last decade in many countries, and theincreasing demand for this policy on a continuous basis, but there is some doubts that it can be appliedeffectively in Algeria under the Regulatory and structural monetary conditions that coincided with thebeginning of the implementation of the three development programs in the period from 2001 to 2017, inorder to achieve the ultimate goal of controlling the overall level of prices. The study, using the ARDLmethod, found that the lack of conditions for applying this policy in the Algerian economy prevented thedesired results from being achieved. However, this method can be used to manage future monetary policy.In a phased manner, preceded by overcoming difficulties in their implementation.
Strategies to Develop Agricultural Insurance in Algeria Les stratégies de développement de l’assurance agricole en Algerie
Authors: Aguenarous Mohamed Lamine
Published: June 2023

The State ever pays close attention to agricultural development. Regardless,the level of agricultural insurance development over recent years can’t meet therequirements of agricultural basic status and fails to compensate the losses of agriculturecaused by natural calamities.But agricultural insurance which functions as both booster and stabilizer plays asignificant role in enhancing the ability of risk resistence and the development level ofsocial insurance.In view of current problems existing in agricultural insurance, the article put forwardseven proposals to develop agricultural insurance.
Tax Havens and their Role in International Tax Evasion Case of the Google’s Double Irish, Dutch sandwich
Authors: Dhaferi Rima , Belkhiri Mohammed Saadeddin
Published: June 2023

Modern international tax evasion mechanisms rely on using tax havens, thus companies and prominentpeople develop new ways to use these places to their advantage. This paper aims to address the issue of taxevasion through tax paradises which is a, important phenomenon that causes a lot of damage to manycountries and economies nowadays. In order to highlight the possible aspects of this phenomenon we reliedon a case study of the Google company complex that uses a method known as double Irish and Dutchsandwich to reduce the tax burden and evade payment of its obligations
An econometric study of the effect of changes in oil financial returns on unemployment rates in Algeria for the period 1997-2017
Authors: Benamoura Soumia , Latreche Djamel
Published: June 2023

le but de cette recherche, est de connaitre l'étendue de l'impact des variations des recettes financierspétroliers sur les taux de chômage en Algérie pour la période 1997-2017, et ce en utilisant la méthodestandard et en adoptant un modèle vectoriel d'auto régression (VAR), nous avons conclu que les revenuesfinanciers élevés du pétrole en Algérie résultaient de la hausse de ses prix au niveau du marché mondial cedernier est entraine de baisse les taux de chômage, à travers l'augmentation des dépenses de l'état sur lesprojets d'investissement , mais ses résultats sont faibles et limités, car la plupart des nouveaux postes créésne sont pas permanents, et il est nécessaire de la stabilité des revenus pétroliers à des niveaux élevés ,afin que l'État puisse Poursuite des dépenses, sous forme d'absorption du chômage à moyen et long terme.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE REALITY OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN ALGERIA
Authors: Sifari Iman
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze multidimensional poverty in Algeria as it is a supplement to poverty inmonetary terms, because it is important to face the severe deprivations that prevent achieving sustainabledevelopment, by relying on the inductive approach to analyze the three dimensions of poverty represented inhealth and education and the level of living.we concluded that Algeria is not a poor country compared to the average global indicators and inorder to eradicate poverty, attention must be paid to school dropout at the secondary level in addition toincreasing government spending on both sectors of education and health, improving infrastructure andproviding all amenities for population by eliminating corruption in the first place, especially in developingthe infrastructure
Contribution of unconventional funding in addressing the public budget deficit in Algeria “An analytical study 2014-2019”
Authors: Mekaoui Hadjira
Published: June 2023

In this paper we will try to see how unconventional funding has contributed to addressing thepublic budget deficit in Algeria, unconventional funding is an unconventional monetary policy tool used bycentral banks to stimulate the national economy in the Exceptional Circumstances. The study found thatunconventional financing policy in A relies on funding through printing money without cover. Excessivepolicy would creat a set of risks Of currency collapse and high inflation.One of the most important recommendations in this study is to give the monetary authoritygreater independence while strength the credibility of the Bank of Algeria and the need to rationalize Publicspending in general and reduce the tax burden to support the purchasing power of the citizen
The role of human resources management in promoting international business
Authors: Khetiri Wahiba , Bouallags Noura , Boulhout Abdelmadjid
Published: June 2023

The study aims to identify the role that human resources management plays in improving business performance at the international level, by identifying the nature of the relationship that links the administrative side to international business. In order to reach this goal, an analytical study has been drawn on the human resource that is active outside the borders of The state, the nature of the activity of the institutions attracted to it and its aspirations to preserve it was concluded that the necessity of providing a suitable climate for the human resource in order to move its motivations and encourage it to work outside the borders of its state, with an interest in its training and formation on an ongoing basis because it constitutes the strength of the institution and one of its sources of advantage Witch.
Evaluation the impact of Earning quality on banking Hedging ، an applied study on the sample of banking which are listed on the IRAQI Stock Exchange for the period(2014-2017)
Authors: Ahmed youcef Raoue , Riyad abdellah Raghad
Published: June 2023

This research deals with subject of the quality of bank profits, as one of the important topics related to the banking safety .Through apply the theoretical and practical analysis of the each of profit quality and banking safety . As well as , measuring the impact of profit quality on the banking safety for the sample of banking which are listed on the IRAQI STOCK Exchange for the period (2014-2017 ) . for achieving the research objectives , require formulated the hypothesis that refer to there is a significant effect of the quality of profits on the banking safety . Where this hypothesis have been examined statistically by using SPSS program .The research reach to a set of conclusions , the most important one of which the existence a relationship between the two variables of study . Also , there is a significant impact of the quality of profits on banking safety .Finally , the research presented a set of recommendations , like the bank managers need to pay attention for achieving the high-quality profits for their importance and significant impact on banking safety .
Multinational Companies and their Impact on Creating Economic Crises in Developing Countries
Authors: عبد الحفيظ محمد حمد خالد
Published: June 2023

The research aimed to explain the social, administrative, political and technical impacts of multinationals on developing countries. And identify some economic threats resulting from the activity of these companies and explain their impact in creating economic crises with a view to reaching results around them. The research adopted the use of the historical approach, in addition to the descriptive approach. This study came to a number of conclusions, the most important of which is: These multi- national companies are influenced by a number of variables such as technological, demographic, economic and social variables. These companies go into business with developing countries according to their specific characteristics. The study concluded to some directives to developing countries. The first priority for investment is local savings. Foreign investment should be directed to productive sectors and not to consumer or services sectors.
Adoption of Membership Level for Critical Activities In Knowledge Chain Model Building An Investigation Analytical Study Depending on Fuzzy Logic Architecture for Organizations Pushed by Knowledge
Authors: Abd aldjaber IBRAHIM Alsammak Manal , Hazem soultane Walaa , Ali Eman
Published: June 2023

The aim of this research is to concentrate on the initial activities such as: (Acquisition, Selection, Generation, Assimilation, Emission) knowledge, and Support activities such as: (Measurement, Control, Coordination, Leadership) that is manipulate and controlling in achieving knowledge management cases in organization, that’s is leads to knowledge chain model, then determining the level of membership for these activities to knowledge chain model in a sample of Iraqi organization pushed by knowledge (Universities). The research depends on check list for gaining the data required, theses check list designed by apparently in diagnosing research dimensions and measurement mechanism. In the field domain, the researchers adopted the Fuzzy Logic architecture in checking the initial and support activities and its membership. The researchers concluded that the determining the level of membership function for these activities for building the knowledge chain model in Mosul and Mustansiriyah universities. The researchers suggests to all Iraqi Managements and the management in pushed by knowledge organization about the necessity of perception of gap between (Theoretical- Field) domains in appliance the knowledge management by movement to dependence the program and modern quantitative methods in explanation the theoretical reality.
Modelling Inflation Rates Volatility in Alegria Using ARCH Models.
Authors: BOUDAB Siham , BEN DJEDDOU SAMI
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to modeling the inflation rates in Algeria using the ARCH model during the period January 2000 to December 2018. The results show that the GARCH (1.1) model is the best in modeling and forecasting Algerian’s monthly rates of inflation.
The role of Islamic banks in Qatar in financing the industrial sector between 2013-2018
Authors: Ahmed Elmoughni Mohamed , Fayze Elharche Ahmed
Published: June 2023

The Qatari industrial sector has witnessed a significant development during the past years, and it has been able to meet the market needs of goods and products. The Islamic banking sector in Qatar has also witnessed a significant development in assets, deposits and financing, and financing has grown in the years 2013-2018 at a CAGR of 9.2%. Islamic banks in their turn to finance the industrial sector using several forms. This study attempts to monitor this role to represent a qualitative addition by focusing on a practical case study, and identifying the reality of industrial sector financing, the challenges it faces, and ways to overcome it. To achieve this goal, the researcher followed the descriptive approach and the analytical approach, in addition to the qualitative approaches adopted in the analysis of interviews that This study was conducted with a number of finance officials in Islamic banks and experts in financing. This study concluded the positive role that Islamic finance contributes to the industrial sector. The study recommended a number of recommendations to develop the role of Islamic banks in Qatar and overcome challenges and obstacles in financing the industrial sector in Qatar.
Regulating the building of contracts in the Islamic economy
Authors: Fayze Elharche Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Contracting is considered one of the foundations of the economic construction of trade exchanges in countries, and since its construction on solid foundations is a cause for economic and social advancement, Islamic legislation has been keen on the proper construction of the contract. The study sought to clarify the wisdom of restricting some contracts in economic activity. The study concluded that the construction of contracts in the Islamic economy has laid the foundations of justice and charity between the two parties to the contract, and that legislation excluded types of contracts due to their negative role in economic activity, and the study showed the wisdom of preventing some contracts and other legislation because of the achievement of the interests of the contractors and an affirmation of the purposes of the Sharia.
The Effect of Government Expenditure on Developing Corruption levels in Algeria: An empirical study for the period (2003-2018)
Authors: بلعابد أديب , مزهود هاجر
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Public spending in Algeria has increased continuously since the beginning of the third millennium, with the aim of improving the country's economic situation, and the overall indicators of the nationaleconomy. but after nearly two decades of adopting an expansionary spending policy, most of the internaland external balance indicators have deteriorated and corruption levels have developed in the country. Theaim of this study is to find out whether public spending has a role in the spread of corruption. The studyfound, using the vector self-regression model (VAR), that capital expenditures contributed to thedevelopment of corruption levels, while operating expenses contributed to reducing levels of corruption inAlgeria during the period 2003-2018.
Ownership structure and dividend policy in Jordan
Authors: Al-Nsour Osama
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on dividend policy ofJordanian manufacturing companies listed in Amman stock exchange. More specifically, the studyexamine several hypotheses regarding the relationship between ownership structure (namely:concentration, foreign, institutional, and managerial) and dividend policy. To achieve studyobjective, this study uses a combination of time-series and cross-section data. Five year (2014-2018) panel data of 61 companies are examined. In order to test the study hypotheses, the studyconduct F-test, Lagrange Multiplier test (LM- test), and the Hausman test to determine the beststatistical method (ordinary least squares method (OLS), fixed effects or random effects models).The empirical findings of this study show that all the ownership variables (ownershipconcentration, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership are insignificant in affecting thedividend policy, and the direction of the relationship is positive except a negative relationshipbetween foreign ownership and dividend policy. Also, the empirical finding showed that thecompany size and return on assets (ROA) were found to have a significant positive effect ondividend policy, where as leverage was found to have a significant negative effect on dividendpolicy.
Small and Medium Enterprises in Algeria- Between Reality and the Hope for the Future –
Authors: Miloudi Oum elkheir , Boukhedouni Ouahiba
Published: June 2023

The study aims to diagnose the reality of small and medium enterprises and what is expected to be achieved in the future by revealing obstacles and difficulties that prevent them from being promoted and achieving their future goals while presenting the solutions proposed by the trustees to eliminate financial, organizational and managerial restrictions for their development and development to contribute to economic and social development, To address the various aspects related to the study, a descriptive analytical approach was used to present and analyze all aspects related to the reality of small and medium enterprises in Algeria.

            The results showed that, despite all the problems encountered and still facing small enterprises, they still play an essential and important role in the national economy by creating new jobs and providing added value in all sectors. Despite the development in the number of small enterprises and construction that appears every year, these institutions are still It suffers from problems and obstacles preventing it from continuing, and this is what we have noticed through the statistics of the deaths of small enterprises that were written off in 2018, which were estimated at 25,63 percent of the total.
Modeling the Impact of Creating New Investments in the Small and Medium Enterprises Sector on Its Competitiveness in Algeria: A Standard Analytical Study Using the Panel Data Analysis Model
Authors: Bouaziz Ibrahim , Amoukran Mounir
Published: June 2023

This study aimed at analyzing and modeling the impact of new investments in the small and medium enterprises sector on their competitiveness, according to the various economic activity sectors operating in them in Algeria, through the factors of time and development in the number of institutions, The results of the study have demonstrated that the weak competitiveness of small and medium enterprises through their permanent cessation of activity is positively related to the development of re-activity for small and medium enterprises, and the increase in the volume of investments through the creation of new institutions, which explains an increase in the volume of production and competition.
Mechanisms of Poverty Reduction, the Vietnamese Experience as a Model
Authors: Boukhatem Lakhdar
Published: June 2023

The phenomenon of poverty was and still is a major challenge for various countries at the global level, Because of its negative impact on various aspects like Social and Economic life, That is why finding appropriate mechanisms to combat poverty and reduce its levels was a fundamental focus of all public policies and strategies adopted by countries, This study aimed to identify the Vietnamese experience as one of the most important experiences at the global level in combating the phenomenon of poverty.

The study concluded, through analyzing and studying various statistics, that Vietnam succeeded in reducing poverty levels through legislative and legal reforms, investing in the human resource and opening the way to foreign capital all this contributed to achieving an economic renaissance that helped the country reduce the level of poverty and become an international model cited by all international bodies, such as the World Bank and OECD.
Enhancing Waqf Contribution to Reducing Unemployment (Gaza as an Example)
Authors: Samir Moslim Alakhras
Published: June 2023

This study examines the contribution of Islamic endowment (Waqf) in addressing the unemployment problem in Gaza Strip, and seeks to analyze the role of Waqf in the wider context of social development. The ideal use of Waqf could help allocate funds for investment and development projects that result in positive outcomes for the society.

The article studies the status of Waqf in Gaza Strip, particularly in terms of size, administration, and challenges. It concludes that Waqf plays a significant role in society as it offers job opportunities in the face of unemployment, and reduces poverty. The Waqf provides sources of funding for appropriate and long term solutions concerning economic and social developments. The study proposes to promote the development dimension of Waqf through dimension through modern ways, and avoid a mere focus on handouts.
Major Ethical Issues in Marketing “A Descriptive Approach”
Authors: Bensalah Abderrezak
Published: June 2023

A significant number of studies have been conducted in order to show the importance of ethical conducts in the marketing practice, caused by irresponsible practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a set of marketing ethical issues governing marketing practices, through a conceptual perspective, the proposed framework is based on the presentation of the marketing ethics definition, its role in improving marketing outcomes, and finally, a list of the major ethical issues have been highlighted.
The Efficiency of the Maghreb Financial Markets: Tests of the Weak Form.
Authors: Sekkal Ilhem Farida Ilhem Farida , Benbouziane Mohammed
Published: June 2023

The concept of efficient financial markets implies that the prices of financial assets correctly and fully reflect all available information. There are three forms of efficiency (weak, semi strong and strong). In this work, we present an empirical analysis of the weak form over a period of 10 years from 01/01/2010 to 12/31/2019 of the Maghreb financial markets (Moroccan, Tunisian and Algerian) through the monthly returns of their respective index (Masi, Tunindex and Dzairindex). For this, we used random walk tests (correlation tests, runs, stationarity and variance ratio). The advanced results are rather mixed because the stationarity tests (Dickey Fuller, Dickey Fuller Augmented and Phillips Perron) rejected this form for the three indices; correlation tests (Box-Pierce, Box - Ljung) have validated it for Masi and Tunindex; the runs test and the variance ratio test validated it for the three Maghrebian indices.
Measuring the Effect of Marketing Communication Strategy on Generating Positive Word of Mouth among the Client of the Telecommunications Sector Companies in Algeria Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS- SEM)
Authors: بوجنانة فؤاد , الداوي الشيخ
Published: June 2023

this study aimed to measure and analyse the effect of marketing communication strategy tools             (advertising, personal communication, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing) on generating positive word of mouth, among client of telecommunications sector companies in Algeria. we collected data from 400 clients in Mila province, using structured questionnaire, Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS- SEM), using the smart PLS 3.2.8 software, the study results show that al tools of marketing communication strategy have had a  positive  significant effect on generating positive word of mouth, except personal communication tool.
The Ecological Efficiency of Green Fuel’s Distribution in NAFTAL Laghouat Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
Authors: Bessaoud Meriem Manel , Timmaoui Abdelmadjid
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the ecological efficiency of fuel Distribution practices in NAFTAL company. With the using the data envelopment analysis 'DEA' as a tool measurement.

The results show that technical efficiency under the variable scale yield, the values θ was less than 1, (0.204,0.299) in the stations, This implies that it is possible to increase other ways in fuel transportation assured the minimum of CO2 emission ratio.he minimum of CO2 emission ratio.
COVID-19 Virus and International Tourism: Between Economic Impact and Recovery Scenarios -An Analytical Study -
Authors: درويش صفية , مسكين عبد الحفيظ , غريبي فتحية
Published: June 2023

The study aims at analyzing the economic consequences of the global health of the international health crisis Covid-19 virus On international tourism and projected recovery scenarios. To achieve the above goal, will be based on the analytical descriptive approach through a study  one of the most prominent health crises affecting the tourism sector in the world, which is the Covid-19 crisis, as the results confirmed that the widespread spread of the virus caused effects Different and to varying degrees on international tourism indicators. Also indicated three scenarios analyzing the status of international tourism for the year 2020 Their content reflects the uncertainty of tourist prospects.  In addition, all 2021-2024 scenarios indicate a strong recovery that you will know International tourism on the assumption that the epidemic is declining, improving the confidence of travelers and lifting travel restrictions.
An analytical study of knowledge indicators in Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco during 2017-2020
Authors: معزوز فتح الله , عزوز أحمد
Published: June 2023

Through this research, we tried to study and analyze the knowledge economy index for the countries of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, based on the latest report of this indicator issued by the United Nations Development in partnership with the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation, which dealt with many of the main and subsidiary indicators of the knowledge index that have implications, directly or indirectly. Directly on knowledge and its applications on economic and social aspects, this indicator that is concerned with education in its various stages, scientific research and development, information and communication technology and finally the infrastructure. All these indicators are trying to clarify the location of the countries under study and the most important points that make them a pioneer in order to progress and compete with the leading countries. at this time.
The Impact of High Oil Prices on Foreign Trade Variables in Algeria: An Empirical Study during the Period (1980-2018) Using the VECM Model
Authors: قاوي معمر , بوشول السعيد , بنين بغداد
Published: June 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of high oil prices on foreign trade variables during the period 1980-2018, using the error correction vector model (VECM), The results of Johansen test indicate the existing of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the study variables. The impulse response function (IRF) proved that the oil price rising positively affects the foreign trade variables. The results of the variance decomposition showed that the oil price explains most of the changes that occur in Exports and imports, as well as the weak percentage of the changes that happen in both real exchange rate in the short and long term, The causality test results also proved the existence of a two-way relationship between exports and the price of oil, and a one-way causal relationship moving from the oil price and the exchange rate to imports
The problem of confidence in the Algerian banking sector
Authors: داودي حمزة
Published: June 2023

Confidence is an essential pillar for building relationships and transactions in all fields, especially in the banking sector, because the success of its activities and their development in light of fluctuations and instability requires strong confidence that clients are linked to banks. Confidence with stressful financial conditions may push banks into bankruptcy and plunge the economy into a spiral of problems. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the issue of confidence and work to strengthen it.

This paper tried to discuss the issue of confidence in the banking sector, its effects and the factors of its construction, then analyze the reality of confidence in the Algerian banking sector, the latter suffering a crisis of confidence that led to its weakness and inability to play its role as an engine of the economy, and one of the most important reasons for undermining the confidence of the sector is the ineffectiveness of regulations and laws Weak financial knowledge and digital confidence for individuals, in addition to poor financial inclusion, information technology and transparency, and the most important measures to restore confidence in the banking sector are the establishment of strict regulations and laws that impose transparency and prudence, as well as building good financial knowledge for individuals, and expanding financial inclusion.
The reality of ethical finance in the active commercial banks in Algeria A case study of a sample of banking agencies in Bordj Bou Arreridj and Setif
Authors: ريغي أسماء , قايدي خميسي
Published: June 2023

Through this study, we aim to know the reality of the Algerian commercial banks ’adoption of ethical financial dimensions and principles, through a field study of twenty-four active banking agencies in the states of Bordj Bou Arreridj and Setif, then doing a statistical treatment of the information and data obtained using the SPSS program and analyzing it economically

This research reached a set of results, which are the complete absence of an ethical financial culture in commercial banks active in Algeria. There are some governmental banks that participate in social projects, but its contribution remains limited and falls within the implementation of the directives of the Central Bank and its monetary policy, and not for adopting the dimensions and principles of ethical finance.
The Impact of the Tax Amendment on Salaries and Wages According to Article 09 of the Complementary Finance Law 2020.
Authors: عبد الرحيم نادية
Published: June 2023

The study aims to analyze the impact of the amendments introduced by Article 09 of the complementary Finance Law 2020 on salaries and wages which are affected by. So, it turns out that the exemptions and reductions approved didn’t have the desired effect. It was very weak and didn’t lead to improving the level of concerned income
The Reality of The Foreign Direct Investment Climate in Algeria Analytical and Econometrics Study for the Period: 1999-2019
Authors: عقون شراف , غضبان مليكة
Published: June 2023

In this research paper, we dealt with the legal development of foreign direct investments in Algeria with an analytical study of foreign direct investments coming to Algeria during the period: 2000-2018. In 2017, based on the Eviews10 program, we presented a standard study of foreign direct investment flows, so that the study model was formed from a dependent variable, which is foreign direct investment, and two independent variables, namely, GDP and inflation, during the period: 1999-2019, and the study concluded that there is a positive effect of the output Gross domestic on foreign direct investment As for inflation, the study proved the existence of a negative impact, and this is consistent with the economic theory.
The Role of Internal Audit Quality in Reducing Creative Accounting Practices in Light of International Auditing Standards
Authors: ساعد بخوش حسينة , بوطلاعة محمد
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to identify the impact of the quality of internal auditing in limiting creative accounting practices in light of international internal auditing standards from the point of view of practitioners of the profession of auditing and accounting in Algeria, and to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed based on similar previous literature. The study found that there is a positive and significant statistical impact of the quality of auditing in reducing creative accounting practices, and the quality of internal auditing in the absence of internal auditing standards affects massively compared to the application of internal auditing standards from the point of view of the vocabulary of the sample
The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management on the Relationship between Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Performance: Case Study of Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences and Management Sciences in Tahri Muhammed University Becher -Algeria
Authors: الهزام محمد , عيساوي فاطمة
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to identify the direct impact of HRM practices on organizational performance, and the indirect impact through knowledge management at Tahri M. Bechar University, Algeria. In order to achieve the goal of the study, a questionnaire was designed based on relevant studies to collect data from the study sample,which is represented by 48 teachers. The study found a number of results, the most important are:The existence of a statistically significant effect of HRM practices on organizational performance, and the existence of a statistically significant effect of knowledge management as a mediator in the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance at Tahri. M Bechar University, Algeria. The most important recommendations are: The need to use HRM practices effectively in order to be able to develop its performance, and the necessity of alignment between the strategy of HRM with the strategy of applying knowledge management to ensure a high level of organizational performance
Developing Algeria’s Tourism Sector: The Search for a Wealth-Generator
Authors: Erabti Hana , Aimar Abdelhafid
Published: June 2023

Abstract:

The tourism sector in Algeria is facing serious challenges and its contribution to the country’s economy is still limited, despite tremendous natural and cultural potentials, as well as an important tourism infrastructure. Indeed, Algeria is still among the bottom rankings of tourist destinations. This paper tries to put forward a number of ways to develop Algeria’s tourism sector. It seeks to make a contribution to the solution of the various problems and challenges facing the tourism industry in Algeria. It highlights the necessity of boosting domestic and foreign investment in this sector to help generate wealth and jobs to alleviate the impact of the on-going drastic decline in oil and gas prices in world markets on the national economy.
The Role of Entrepreneurship and Small and Medium Enterprises on Economics’ Development
Authors: صندرة سايبي
Published: June 2023

Entrepreneurship and small units constitute one of the most important inputs to economic. Several studies were trying to prove that. Despite this, we remain today many difficulties facing the process of quantifying the role of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises and its location within other links related to economic development, such as those derived from big firms, so we will try with this article to clarify the role of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises in the development Economy.

Through this study, we can see the positive impact of entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises on the renewal of the enterprises tissue, the labors creation and their prominence as a solution to unemployment’s problems. It also contributes to social development, by its equitable distribution of incomes comparing with big firms institutions, thus reducing poverty. It was also found that it greatly affects of exports by subsidizing them and filling part of the needs of domestic demand.
The Reality of the Tourism Services and Travel Agencies in Mila Province and its Impact on Activating Internal Tourism from the Customer's Point of View
Authors: صكري أيوب , بلخير عبد الحكيم
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to know the reality of the services tourism provided by the tourism and travel agencies in Mila province and the extent of their impact on activating internal tourism from the customer's point of view. To achieve this goal, the study based on the approach descriptive and analytical, and the elaboration of a questionnaire consisting of (15) items as a tool for collecting information, and it was distributed to the study sample represented by tourism clients and travel agencies in Mila province, who made internal tourist trips through these agencies.(200) questionnaires were distributed, of which 169 were retrieved for analysis. After the statistical treatment by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program, a set of results was reached, the most important of which is the existence of a positive correlation and impact between the extent of providing tourism services by tourism and travel agencies in Mila province and the revitalization of the internal tourism.
The Higher Education Sector and the Trend towards the Entrepreneurial University - With Reference to Algeria -
Authors: بن شواط سمية , قادري رياض
Published: June 2023

The research paper aims to present the three European higher education models: the Humboltian, Napoleon, and Anglo-Saxon model in addition to the Anglo-American model, while presenting the third mission of the university with an explanation of the transition from mode 1 to mode 2 and mode 3 in the production of knowledge and the trend towards entrepreneurial universities with triple helix and the academic model of entrepreneurship, then presenting a summary of the efforts of the higher education sector in Algeria currently in response to the changes taking place in the light of the knowledge society. The study found that the higher education sector in Algeria is trying to adapt to the environmental changes taking place as a result of the developments that have imposed on universities contributing to the knowledge society by creating relationships with various government and industry agencies to support graduates and instill a spirit of creativity and innovation and push them to participate in social and economic development through the various facilities that It is established by the university in the framework of cooperative relations.