bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA
Authors: Lin Chien-Hsiang , Nolf Dirk
Published: April 2022

The fossil otoliths of the southern USA have been known for more than 130 years and are among the richest assemblages worldwide. However, previous studies are often scattered and with outdated systematic scheme. A collection of over 25000 otoliths ranging in age from the Lutetian to the Priabonian from 47 sites in five states in the eastern and southern USA is analysed here. Combined with the earlier described material, at least 101 otolith-based taxa are documented, of which 83 are identified at species level. Fourteen of these are introduced as new species: Elopothrissus bernardlemorti sp. nov., “Muraenesox” barrytownensis sp. nov., Pseudophichthys texanus sp. nov., Paraconger wechesensis sp. nov., Neoopisthopterus weltoni sp. nov., “aff. Glyptophidium” stringeri sp. nov., Symmetrosulcus dockeryi sp. nov., Mene garviei sp. nov., “Citharus” varians sp. nov., Waitakia beelzebub sp. nov., Astroscopus compactus sp. nov., Parascombrops yanceyi sp. nov., Anisotremus rambo sp. nov., and Pagellus pamunkeyensis sp. nov. The assemblages are distinct fom contemporary European faunas by the complete lack of mesopelagic fish otoliths, and by the presence of sciaenids. Dominant taxa in the American Eocene are the Ophidiidae, Sciaenidae, Lactariidae, and Congridae. They indicate shallow-water environments for all the sampled sites. The notable abundance of those taxa suggests that they could have a higher turnover rate, and provided fundamental nutrition in the local Paleogene marine ecosystem. Further analyses of the species in the stratigraphic succession revealed that a faunal turnover between the Claiborne and Jackson seas was evident in teleosts, and it might be more widespread in other marine organisms in the region.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemics on advanced neuroscientific R &D activities: a focus on job age
Authors: Crivelli Davide , Angioletti Laura
Published: April 2022

Notwithstanding the implementation of strategic responses to recover habitual levels of performance and productivity, global data points out that the outbreak and diffusion of COVID-19 have imposed a high cost on research activities. Starting from a national survey investigating the impact of pandemics on Italian research in neuroscience, we here specifically aims at exploring its effects on scientific productivity across junior-to-senior professionals. Data highlighted that, given a generalized decrease of objective markers of scientific productivity (i.e. submitted projects or papers), the extent of such decrease was most notable in junior, mid-level and early senior researchers. Also, subjective measures of impact of the pandemics on professional life and work efficiency revealed a coherent profile, with junior and mid-level research professionals referring the highest perceived impact, while the impact of pandemics at psychological and socio-relational levels was rated almost similarly by researchers with different levels of seniority.
Riego y drenaje en la cuenca media del río Bogotá: el caso del distrito de riego de La Ramada, 1939-2000
Authors: Ramírez Espinosa Gilberto
Published: April 2022

Objective/Context: This article analyzes the evolution and history of water uses of the Bogotá River and its basin, with a special focus on irrigation uses. Throughout the twentieth century, these uses maintained competition for water resources against aqueduct service and electric power generation uses for the city of Bogotá. Methodology: The article reconstructs water uses for irrigation from the Bogotá River and its basin during the twentieth century from the creation of the La Ramada irrigation district to its operation at present by entities such as the Regional Autonomous Corporation of Cundinamarca (car, for its initials in Spanish). For this purpose, it uses the publications of engineer and farmer associations and state officials in charge of agricultural promotion. Originality: Given the prominence that the Savannah of Bogotá region— corresponding to the basin of the river of the same name—has had in environmental history studies in Colombia, this article examines modern irrigation uses of the Bogotá River, in comparison with the most studied uses that correspond to aqueduct services and electric power generation, which allowed understanding not only the subordination of natural resources such as water in the Savannah of Bogotá to the urban growth of Bogotá, but also the conflict of assigning priorities between these uses. Conclusions: The article aims to visualize the importance of irrigation uses of the Bogotá River and its basin within multiple works of modern hydraulic engineering that have sought to exploit and conserve water in the region. It also highlights the importance of considering these uses for more detailed studies of environmental history in the future.
Prognostic significance of platelet-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-neutrophil ratios in patients with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Kim Seon-yeop , Yi Ho Jun , Shin Dong-Seong , Kim Bum-Tae
Published: April 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the correlation between platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) with prognosis of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT).Methods: A total of 432 patients was included, PLR and PNR were calculated from laboratory data on admission. Prognosis was evaluated with a modified Rankin Scale at 3 months after MT. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, optimal cutoff values of PLR and PNR were identified to predict the prognosis after MT. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the relationship of PLR and PLR with prognosis of MT.Results: Patients with favorable outcomes had a lower mean PLR (135.0, standard deviation [SD] 120.3) with a higher mean PNR (47.1 [SD] 24.6) compared with patients with unfavorable outcomes (167.6 [SD] 139.3 and 35.4 [SD] 22.4) (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). In ROC analyses, the optimal cutoff value of PLR and PNR to predict the 3 months prognosis were 145 and 41, respectively (p=<0.001 and p=0.006). In multivariate analysis, PLR less than 145 (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.06; p=0.016) and PNR greater than 41 (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.62; p=0.022) were predictors of favorable outcome at 3 months.Conclusions: In patients with MT, PLR and PNR on admission could be predictive factors of prognosis and mortality at 3 months. Decreased PLR and increased PNR were associated with favorable clinical outcome 3 months after MT.
Silicate-based erbium-doped fiber extended to L-band and its amplification performance
Authors: He Le , Chu Ying-Bo , Dai Neng-Li , Li Jin-Yan ,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: April 2022

With the continuous development of mobile internet, cloud computing, Internet of things, and 5G, the annual growth rate of the existing communication transmission capacity is far from meeting the growing demand. The gain bandwidth of L-band erbium-doped fiber amplification (EDFA) has become the main factor for limiting the bandwidth extension. Owing to its negative effect on the gain and noise figure after 1580 nm, the excited state absorption (ESA) is regarded as a key factor that directly limits the L-band expansion of EDFA. If the ESA coefficient has the same value as the stimulated emission coefficient, the net gain coefficient becomes zero. At the same time, signal amplification cannot be obtained no matter how the pump power and fiber length are adjusted. Improvements from the perspective of erbium-doped fibers, such as changing the host glass and doping components, are extremely beneficial to L-band extension based on simple amplifier configurations. In the present study, an erbium-doped fiber extended to the L-band is fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition technology. The saturation curve of the fiber is measured, and then the rate of clustering is obtained. In addition, the absorption coefficient and emission coefficient of the fiber are tested by the truncation method, then the effect of ESA is studied. We demonstrate that modulating the ratio of P to Al in the fiber core has a significant inhibitory effect on the ESA of Er3+. To better characterize the amplification performance of the fiber, a single-stage and a multi-stage amplifier system are built respectively. At an input signal injection with a power value of –9 dBm, the fiber exhibits a gain of 10.5 dB with a maximum noise figure of 5.9 dB at 1625.3 nm, based on a single-stage amplifier system under a 980 nm forward-pumping excitation. It indicates that the amplification performance of the fiber in the long-wavelength has improved, which is consistent with the conclusion of the suppression effect on the ESA. By optimizing the fiber length for the first, second and third stage to 19 m, 26 m and 10 m, respectively, a gain of 23.4 dB is obtained at the longest wavelength. The maximum noise figure is 6.3 dB, and the saturation output power is 24.8 dBm. In the meantime, the pump conversion efficiency arrives at 13%. This is the first report on the L-band extended silicate-based erbium-doped fiber that can achieve long-wavelength gain extension to 1625.3 nm.
Modeling the consequences of the dikaryotic life cycle of mushroom-forming fungi on genomic conflict
Authors: Auxier Benjamin , Czárán Tamás L , Aanen Duur K
Published: April 2022

Generally, sexual organisms contain two haploid genomes, one from each parent, united in a single diploid nucleus of the zygote which links their fate during growth. A fascinating exception to this is Basidiomycete fungi, where the two haploid genomes remain separate in a dikaryon, retaining the option to fertilize subsequent monokaryons encountered. How the ensuing nuclear competition influences the balance of selection within and between individuals is largely unexplored. We test the consequences of the dikaryotic life cycle for mating success and mycelium-level fitness components. We assume a trade-off between mating fitness at the level of the haploid nucleus and fitness of the fungal mycelium. We show that the maintenance of fertilization potential by dikaryons leads to a higher proportion of fertilized monokaryons, but that the ensuing intradikaryon selection for increased nuclear mating fitness leads to reduced mycelium fitness relative to a diploid life cycle. However, this fitness reduction is lower compared to a hypothetical life cycle where dikaryons can also exchange nuclei. Prohibition of fusion between dikaryons therefore reduces the level of nuclear parasitism. The number of loci influencing fitness is an important determinant of the degree to which average mycelium-level fitness is reduced. The results of this study crucially hinge upon a trade-off between nucleus and mycelium-level fitness. We discuss the evidence for this assumption and the implications of an alternative that there is a positive relationship between nucleus and mycelium-level fitness.
Computed tomographic analysis of the dental system of three Jurassic ceratopsians and implications for the evolution of tooth replacement pattern and diet in early-diverging ceratopsians
Authors: Hu Jinfeng , Forster Catherine A , Xu Xing , Zhao Qi , He Yiming , Han Fenglu
Published: April 2022

The dental system of ceratopsids is among the most specialized structure in Dinosauria by the presence of tooth batteries and high-angled wear surfaces. However, the origin of this unique dental system is poorly understood due to a lack of relevant knowledge in early-diverging ceratopsians. Here, we study the dental system of three earliest-diverging Chinese ceratopsians: Yinlong and Hualianceratops from the early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang and Chaoyangsaurus from the Late Jurassic of Liaoning Province. By micro-computed tomographic analyses, our study has revealed significant new information regarding the dental system, including no more than five replacement teeth in each jaw quadrant; at most one replacement tooth in each alveolus; nearly full resorption of the functional tooth root; and occlusion with low-angled, concave wear facets. Yinlong displays an increase in the number of maxillary alveoli and a decrease in the number of replacement teeth during ontogeny as well as the retention of functional tooth remnants in the largest individual. Chaoyangsaurus and Hualianceratops have slightly more replacement teeth than Yinlong. In general, early-diverging ceratopsians display a relatively slow tooth replacement rate and likely use gastroliths to triturate foodstuffs. The difference in dietary strategy might have influenced the tooth replacement pattern in later-diverging ceratopsians.
Population biological traits of Periophthalmus chrysospilos Bleeker, 1853 in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Authors: Dinh Quang Minh , Nguyen Ton Huu Duc , Nguyen Tien Thi Kieu , Lam Tran Thi Huyen , Truong Ngon Trong , Tran Dinh Dac
Published: April 2022

Periophthalmus chrysospilos is an amphibious fish living in mudflats from eastern India to Indonesia, including the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Population biological traits play an important role in fishery assessment, but understanding is limited for this species. In total 1,031 specimens were caught in two regions covering four provinces, including the TVST (Duyen Hai, Tra Vinh and Tran De, Soc Trang) and BLCM (Dong Hai, Bac Lieu and Dam Doi, Ca Mau). Results found that the sex ratio was close to 1:1. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy in TVST were L∞ = 12.8 cm, K = 0.41 yr−1, t0 = −0.10 yr and in BLCM were 12.7 cm, 0.38 yr−1 and −0.08 yr, respectively. Although the growth coefficient (Φ′) in BLCM (1.79), was lower than that in TVST (1.83), the species shared a similar size at first capture (7.9 cm in TVST and 7.9 cm in BLCM). The species suffered from heavy pressure of fishing in TVST as fishing mortality in TVST (2.32 yr−1) was higher than that in BLCM (1.38 yr−1), leading to the higher total mortality (Z = 3.60 yr−1) in TVST compared to BLCM (Z = 2.59 yr−1). By contrast, the species showed similar natural mortality over both sites (1.20 yr−1 in TVST and 1.22 yr−1 in BLCM). The Periophthalmus chrysospilos population was reasonably exploited because E values (0.64 in TVST and 0.53 in BLCM) were lower than E10 (0.706 in BTTV and 0.705 in STBL). Nonetheless, to avoid the consequences of overfishing, some sustainable fisheries practices should be implemented, such as protecting mangrove forests, restricting fishing during the recruitment period, using appropriate fishing tools and increasing mesh size.
Modification of the association between experience of economic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and behavioral health outcomes by availability of emergency cash reserves: findings from a nationally-representative survey in Thailand
Authors: Wichaidit Wit , Prommanee Chayapisika , Choocham Sasira , Chotipanvithayakul Rassamee , Assanangkornchai Sawitri
Published: April 2022

Background

Studies have suggested that economic distress is associated with behavioral health outcomes, while availability of cash reserves for emergencies is associated with a reduction in economic distress. The objective of this study was to assess the extent that the availability of emergency cash reserves modified the association between experience of economic distress during the COVID-19 pandemic and behavioral health outcomes in the general adult population of Thailand.

Methods

We conducted a nationally-representative phone-based survey in late April 2021. Survey questions included questions on experience of economic distress, and a question on what participants would do to cover a 5,000 Thai Bahts (THB) emergency expense within one week, anxiety and depression screening questions, and questions regarding sleep, exercise, gambling, smoking, and drinking behaviors. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjustment for complex survey designs, and stratified analyses with assessment of heterogeneity of odds ratios between strata and assessment of additive and multiplicative interactions.

Results

A total of 1,555 individuals from 15 provinces participated in the survey (participation rate = 68.3%). Approximately 19.6% ± 1.0% of the participants reported that they would cover the 5,000 THB emergency expense only with cash or cash equivalent without resorting to other means. Experience of economic distress was associated with anxiety disorder after adjusting for covariables (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.47; 95% CI [1.45–4.19]). There was no evidence that availability of emergency cash reserves significantly modified the stated association, nor the association between experience of economic distress and other outcomes. However, with regard to anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and history of gambling in past 30 days, the p-for-trend values (p-for-trend < 0.001) suggested that those with emergency cash reserves had lower prevalence of these outcomes than those without emergency cash reserves.

Conclusions

The study findings did not support our hypothesis that availability of emergency cash reserves modified the association between experience of economic distress and behavioral health outcomes. Nonetheless, the study findings can serve as potentially useful basic information for relevant stakeholders. Future studies should consider qualitative data collection and longitudinal study design in order to explore these associations at greater depths.
The fecal microbiota of Thai school-aged children associated with demographic factors and diet
Authors: Gruneck Lucsame , Gentekaki Eleni , Kespechara Kongkiat , Denny Justin , Sharpton Thomas J. , Marriott Lisa K. , Shannon Jackilen , Popluechai Siam
Published: April 2022

Background

Birth delivery method and breastfeeding practices contribute to microbiota colonization. Other factors including diet and demographic factors structure the gut microbiome assembly and diversity through childhood development. The exploration of these factors, especially in Southeast Asian children, remains limited.

Methods

We investigated the fecal microbiota of 127 school-aged children in Thailand using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the influence of diet and demographic factors on the gut microbiota. Multivariate analysis (multiple factor analysis (MFA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)) were used to link particular gut microbes to diet and demographic factors.

Results

Diet and demographic factors were associated with variation among gut microbiota. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria increased in children with infrequent intake of high fat foods. Obese children possessed a lower level of Firmicutes and Ruminococcus. Bifidobacterium was enriched in pre-teen aged children and detected at lower levels among formula-fed children. Prevotella was more abundant in children who were delivered vaginally. While ethnicity explained a small amount of variation in the gut microbiota, it nonetheless was found to be significantly associated with microbiome composition.

Conclusions

Exogenous and demographic factors associate with, and possibly drive, the assembly of the gut microbiome of an understudied population of school-aged children in Thailand.
Left Gastric Artery Pseudoaneurysm within a Pancreatic Pseudocyst: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Budumuri Gautam V , Beeram Prasanna Kumar , Chauhan Udit , Patnaik Itish , Gupta Rohit
Published: April 2022

Left gastric artery Pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is a rare vascular complication of Acute Pancreatitis (AP), resulting from erosion of the pancreatic or peripancreatic artery into a pseudocyst. The splenic artery is the commonest artery involved, followed by the gastroduodenal artery and pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The occurrence of left gastric artery PSA within a Pancreatic Pseudocyst as sequelae of AP is rare but a significant life-threatening complication. Only a few cases have been reported on left gastric PSA causing haemorrhagic pseudocyst. The authors report a case of AP in a 57-year-old male with history of significant alcohol consumption who presented with pain in abdomen of pancreatic origin. On evaluation, he had a pseudocyst in the pancreatic head. After transpapillary drainage of the pseudocyst, it started draining bloody contents. An abdominal computed tomography was obtained, which showed a small left gastric artery PSA. The patient underwent successful angiographic coil embolisation of the PSA.
A Case Report on Management of Recurrent Ectopic PregnancyA Medical Success
Authors: Seeni Shyma Thondalil , Wills Vinitha , Sreedevi NS
Published: April 2022

Recurrent ectopic cases have been on the rise as there is increase in Artificial Reproductive Techniques (ART) recently. Earlier patient presentation and more precise diagnosis by proper clinical examination and with proper interpretation of serial β-human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β-hCG) allows identification of an ectopic pregnancy before ruptures and differentiates from other common conditions like infection, miscarriage, degenerating leiomyomas or pain around ligament. Various studies have been conducted over time to set a discriminatory zone for β-hCG. Initially, the cut-off for β-hCG was taken to be 1000-2000 mIU/mL. But now the cut-off has been increased to 3510 mIU/mL. Methotrexate has been used as first line drug in medical management of ectopic pregnancy for a long time. But methotrexate has been used with caution when laboratory values show a high β-hCG. Here, authors report a case of a 29- year-old female with recurrent ectopic pregnancy which was successfully managed with methotrexate therapy despite the initial high β-hCG values thus avoiding a surgical intervention.
A Cross-sectional Study of the Patterns and Impact of Socio-demographic Factors in Anxious and Depressed Alcohol Dependent Patients
Authors: Mathur Puneet , Pawar Sunil Kumar , Sengupta Nabanita , Bhargava Rahul
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Socio-demographic factors may play a pivotal role in anxious and depressed alcohol dependent patients. Identifying the patterns and impact of these factors may be important in the successful management of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). Aim: To assess the patterns and impact of socio-demographic factors in anxious and depressed alcohol dependent patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Center Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India, from August 2018 to January 2020. Patients with history of substance dependence, gross brain damage, severe medical complications, or evidence of drinking during the hospital stay were excluded. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) was used to rate the extent of alcohol dependence and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D or HDRS) to rate depression. Sociodemographic data was recorded in each patient which included age, gender, background, education level, employment status, occupation, marital status, and family type. The severity of anxiety symptoms was measured on Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The total of 90 alcohol dependent patients with mean age of 37.6±9.3 years and mean HDRS score was 8.5±4.3. The overall prevalence of depression cohort was. Out of these 30 (33.3%) had mild and 6 (6.7%) had moderate depression, respectively. The mean Hamilton anxiety scale score was 18.6±5.2. Patients who had a lower Socio-economic Status (SES) (p-value= 0.049 and 0.004), were martially separated (p-value<0.001 and 0.027), living in a nuclear family (p-value=0.005 and <0.001) and were unemployed (p-value<0.001 and p-value<0.001) had significantly higher depression and anxiety scores, respectively. Conclusion: In anxious and depressed alcohol dependent patients, lower SES, martial separation, living as a single family and unemployment significantly influenced depression and anxiety
Impact Assessment of Front-Line Demonstration (FLDs) on the Yield of Greengram
Authors: Umale S. M. , Rajput U. U. , Borde S. A.
Published: April 2022

The green gram cluster frontline demonstrations were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalgaon Jamod during 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19 in Kharif season and covered 30 ha of land with 75 demonstrations in total 15 villages in 2 clusters of Buldana District of Maharashtra. In front-line demonstrations, improved quality seed variety, seed treatment, recommended fertilizers doses, Rhizobium culture, PSB bio-fertilizers and crop protection management approaches were exhibited in farmers’ fields.  The results showed that the highest grain yield was obtained in the demonstration plot with an average of 6.15 q/ha compared to 4.66 q/ha in the farmers’ practice. A higher average net return (Rs.19,712/ha) was obtained in the demonstration plots compared to the farmers’ plot (Rs.13,250/ha). The average B: C ratio was 2.10 in demonstrated plot compared to 1.80 in farmers plot. The average increase in demonstration yield over farmers practice was 32 percent and the increase in net return over farmer practice was 49 %. This is due to both improved technology and improved varieties. The level of return was significantly low for local practices due to a significant difference in the extent of adoption of recommended practices versus the level of risk in terms of cost-benefit, skill and knowledge of the practices involved.
Attitude and Adherence to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) among Malaysians
Authors: Maung Theingi Maung , Oo Win Myint , May Goay Xin , Huey Yi Chin , Pathmanafan Jayamayuri , Pai Varun
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 cases in Malaysia increased dramatically and every individual must comply with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to prevent the high burden on health facilities. Since it has no effective treatment; nonetheless, early recognition of the disease and applying prevention strategies will help to mitigate the virus propagation.  This study aimed to determine the attitude and adherence of COVID SOPs among Malaysians.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted through an online and a total of 206 participants from different states of Malaysia took part in this survey by convenience sampling method. Those who scored ≥ 80% were considered as having a favourable attitude and good adherence to COVID SOPs. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were applied to assess the association between sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, attitude and adherence of COVID SOPs. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: More than two thirds of the respondents had favourable attitude (70.9%; 95% CI: 64.7%, 77.1%) and good adherence to SOP (69.4%; 95% CI: 63.1%, 75.5%). A  compliance of < 60% .with SOP measures like carrying hand sanitizers, avoiding visiting the crowded places and red zone areas were common among the respondents. The finding of this study showed that gender has a significant association with attitude (p=0.002).Females were three times more likely to have a positive attitude than males.

Conclusion: The Malaysian population studied exhibited a good knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to COVID 19 SOP’s. Self-regulation is notably higher among the Malaysian population however, observing total compliance will require enforcement by the authorities.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN SDTK PELANGI KRISTUS OLEH ORANG TUA MURID
Authors: Sewalangi Dama Yanti
Published: April 2022

Pada zaman sekarang, belum semua orang tua menerapkan pendidikan Kristen di dalam keluarga. Secara umum, pendidikan Kristen pada anak dianggap tugas sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan pendidikan Kristiani yang diterapkan oleh orang tua murid. SDTK Pelangi Kristus yang kurikulumnya secara khusus didesain untuk berpartner dengan orang tua dalam pendidikan Kristen untuk anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada beberapa informan yang menunjukkan ragam latar belakang. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa orang tua murid SDTK Pelangi Kristus telah menerapkan pendidikan Kristen untuk anak dalam kadar yang bervariasi. Penerapan ini dilakukan dengan cara mengasihi anak, mendidik anak, menghormati anak, memberikan teladan, mendampingi anak, memberikan pendidikan yang terbaik, dan mengikuti program yang dilaksanakan oleh sekolah. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa variasi penerapan pendidikan  Kristen di dalam keluarga dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang orang tua yakni sebagai hamba Tuhan, pendidik dan pengusaha.
The beginning of the life story: The meaning of the earliest autobiographical memory from an adult perspective
Authors: Hutmacher Fabian , Morgenroth Karolina
Published: April 2022

Earliest autobiographical memories mark a potential beginning of our life story. However, their meaning has hardly been investigated. Against this background, participants (N = 182) were asked to think about two kinds of meaning: the meaning that the remembered event might have had in the moment of experience and the meaning that the memory of the event has for their present life situation. With respect to the meaning in the moment of experience, participants most frequently referred to situational characteristics. The meaning for the present life situation was most frequently related to aspects of the memory that told something about the person beyond the immediate context of the remembered event. Moreover, these meanings were more frequently associated with continuity than with a contrast between then and now. Apart from these overarching commonalities, our data also show that the earliest autobiographical memories of different people can tell very different stories.
Tuning the Electrical Performance of 2D Perovskite Field‐Effect Transistors by Forming Organic Semiconductor/Perovskite van der Waals Heterojunctions
Authors: Guo Jing , Liu Yu , Chen Ping‐An , Qiu Xincan , Wei Huan , Xia Jiangnan , Chen Huajie , Zeng Zebing , Liao Lei , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: April 2022

The development of techniques for tuning/controlling the properties of electronic devices such as field‐effect transistors (FETs) is important for the optimization of device performance or the realization of custom‐designed device functions. Here, a simple method for tuning the performance of 2D perovskite ((PEA)2SnI4) FETs by transferring organic semiconductor PDVT‐10 films onto (PEA)2SnI4 films to form van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs) is presented. By varying the electrical properties of PDVT‐10 with doping technique, the performance of (PEA)2SnI4 FETs can be effectively tuned in terms of on‐state current, threshold voltage, and mobility, with mobility increased from 0.10 cm2 V−1 s−1 for pristine (PEA)2SnI4 FETs to 0.46 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the vdWH‐based FETs. This phenomenon can be attributed to the holes transfer occurring at heterojunction interface. More interestingly, the performance of the (PEA)2SnI4 FETs can be almost fully recovered once the PDVT‐10 films are removed, indicating the reversibility of the method. Such method of tuning semiconductor device performance by forming vdWHs can be also extended to other semiconductors and devices.
A High‐Performance Ag/TiN/HfOx/HfOy/HfOx/Pt Diffusive Memristor for Calibration‐Free True Random Number Generator
Authors: Lu Yi‐Fan , Li Hao‐Yang , Li Yi , Li Li‐Heng , Wan Tian‐Qing , Yang Ling , Zuo Wen‐Bing , Xue Kan‐Hao , Miao Xiang‐Shui
Published: April 2022

True random number generators (TRNGs) that can generate unpredictable data by exploiting physical entropy sources are the main security primitive. Despite impressive demonstrations of TRNGs with various memories by exploiting their spatiotemporal variability, realizing efficient and reliable TRNGs without calibration remains a significant challenge. Diffusive memristors with rich stochastic switching behaviors offer an attractive alternative to designing efficient TRNGs, but they are still plagued by difficulties in improving device performance and inefficient circuit calibration. Here, the authors report a Ag/TiN/HfOx/HfOy/HfOx/Pt diffusive memristor with superior threshold switching characteristics, enabled by the good control of switching dynamics by introducing a TiN barrier and trilayer‐hafnia with different ion mobility and migrate barriers. The random integrate‐and‐fire behaviors of the memristor are exploited as excellent intrinsic entropy sources for random number generation with robustness to device variation and without extra calibration. Experimental measurements validate the highly stochastic, compact, self‐clocking TRNG design with a high throughput of ≈108 kb s‐1. The generated random bits have successfully passed all 15 National Institute of Standards and Technology randomness test benchmarks. This work demonstrates that high‐performance diffusive memristors can play an important role in hardware security electronics deployed in edge computing systems.
A lasting impact? Exploring the immediate and longitudinal impact of an emergency department service learning help desk program
Authors: Cohen Adam Scott , Hu Sophia , Bellon Margot , Wang Nancy Ewen , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S.
Published: April 2022

Background

The emergency department (ED) help desk is an undergraduate‐run service learning program that screens ED patients for social needs, connects them to community resources, and follows‐up to promote connections with resources. Students accepted to the program participate in a didactic course on the fundamentals of social emergency medicine as well as available community resources. Students also receive training around interviewing patients and use of screening software. Students commit to at least three quarters of service, during which they attend weekly team meetings.

Methods

This qualitative study explores the impact of this service learning experience for students. Current and former students were identified by the director of the program. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to select a sample of participants that participated in a semistructured interview. Our codebook was developed inductively using thematic analysis. Themes were presented and discussed with the entire research team for further analysis and refinement. Data collection and analysis used a constant comparative approach, and data collection ceased when saturation was achieved.

Results

Study participants consisted of current and former ED help desk student volunteers (n = 21). All participants believed that the ED help desk service learning experience prepared them for future careers by providing an experience that filled a gap in their education. We identified four main themes: (1) participants’ perceived impact on patients, (2) learning from patients’ experiences and differences, (3) appreciating patients’ vulnerability and collaboratively addressing patients’ needs, and (4) learning to navigate patients’ social needs within the broader health care system.

Conclusions

Our ED help desk service learning program offers a unique experience for students to learn about patients’ social needs, participate in meaningfully interactions with patients, and empower themselves and patients to work together as coproducers of patients’ care.
Development of a risk score model for 1‐year graft loss after adult deceased donor liver transplantation in Japan based on a 20‐year nationwide cohort
Authors: Takemura Yusuke , Shinoda Masahiro , Takemura Ryo , Hasegawa Yasushi , Yamada Yohei , Obara Hideaki , Kitago Minoru , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo , Umeshita Koji , Eguchi Susumu , Ohdan Hideki , Egawa Hiroto , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: April 2022

Aim

Using nationwide data collected over the past 20 years, we aimed to investigate deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) outcomes to develop a unique risk model that can be used to establish a standard for organ acceptance in Japan.

Methods

Data were collected for 449 recipients aged ≥18 years who underwent DDLT between 1999 and 2019. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was utilized to develop an original risk score model for 1‐year graft loss (termed the Japan Risk Index [JRI]). We developed risk indices according to recipient, donor, and surgery components (termed JRI‐R, D, and S, respectively). The JRI was validated via a 5‐fold cross‐validation. We also compared DDLT outcomes and risk indices among Era1 (−2011), Era2 (−2015), and Era3 (−2019).

Results

The 1‐year graft survival rate was 89.5% and improved significantly, reaching 84.7%, 87.6%, and 93.9% in Era1, Era2, and Era3, respectively. The JRI was calculated as JRI‐R (re‐transplantation, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, medical condition in intensive care unit) × JRI‐D (age, catecholamine index, maximum sodium, maximum total bilirubin) × JRI‐S (total ischemic time) × 0.84. The risk model achieved a mean C‐statistic value of 0.81 in the validation analysis. The risk index was significantly lower in Era3 than in Era2.

Conclusion

Changes in the risk index over time indicated that avoiding risks contributed to the improved outcomes in Era3. The JRI is unique to adult DDLT in Japan and may be useful as a reference for organ acceptance in the future.
A cobalt‐based metal–organic framework for efficient separation of propene from propane via electrostatic effect
Authors: Chen Yongwei , Tu Shi , Fu Peng , Wu Houxiao , Wang Xingjie , Wu Ying , Li Zhibo , Xia Qibin
Published: April 2022

Exploring porous materials for efficient adsorption separation of propene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) mixture to replace the energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation remains a daunting challenge due to the similar physiochemical properties of the two gases. Herein, we report a cobalt‐based metal–organic framework, MUF‐17, for efficient separation of C3H6/C3H8by exploiting the electrostatic effect. MUF‐17 exhibits a moderate C3H6uptake of 2.44 mmol/g and good C3H6/C3H8selectivity of 3.8 at 298 K and 1.0 bar. Breakthrough experiments confirm the excellent C3H6/C3H8separation with the C3H6captured productivity of 1.26 mmol/g. Molecular simulations reveal that MUF‐17 enables effective trapping of C3H6and discrimination from C3H8, due to the electrostatic potential compatibility well fitting for C3H6within the confined pore space that provides the stronger binding sites of C3H6than C3H8. Furthermore, other combinational features of moisture stable, low‐cost, ready large‐scale synthesis, and good recyclability are observed for MUF‐17, making it a promising candidate for C3H6/C3H8separation.
Modeling of three‐phase continuously operating open‐cell foam catalyst packings: Sugar hydrogenation to sugar alcohols
Authors: Najarnezhadmashhadi Ali , Braz Catarina G. , Russo Vincenzo , Eränen Kari , Matos Henrique A. , Salmi Tapio
Published: April 2022

An advanced comprehensive and transient multiphase model for a trickle bed reactor with solid foam packings was developed. A new simulation model for isothermal three‐phase (gas–liquid–solid) catalytic tubular reactor models was presented where axial, radial, and catalyst layer effects were included. The unique feature of this model is that the material balances include most of the individual terms (i.e., internal diffusion, gas–liquid, and liquid solid mass transfer, kinetics) for solid foam packing which is seldom done. Hydrogenation of arabinose and galactose mixture on a ruthenium catalyst supported by carbon‐coated aluminum foams was applied as a fundamentally and industrially relevant case study. Parameter estimations allowed to obtain reliable and significant parameters. The effect of the kinetic parameters and the operation conditions on the arabinose and galactose conversions was studied in detail by sensitivity analysis. The model described is applicable for other three‐phase continuous catalytic reactors with solid foam packings.
Robust dynamic optimization for nonlinear chemical processes under measurable and unmeasurable uncertainties
Authors: Liang Enzhi , Yuan Zhihong
Published: April 2022

We formulate an integrated framework for the robust dynamic optimization of nonlinear chemical processes under measurable and unmeasurable uncertainties. An affine decision rule is proposed to approximate the causal dependence of the wait‐and‐see decision variables on the gradually revealed measurable uncertainties. To overcome the computational intractability of the proposed model, a linearization technique based on the first‐order Taylor expansion is introduced around the nominal values of uncertainties to derive the robust dynamic counterpart, which can be discretized to a large‐scale nonlinear programming (NLP) formulation. Effects of first discretizing the dynamic models or introducing the affine decision rule are investigated. The proposed framework is also compared with the state‐of‐the‐art re‐optimization and traditional robust optimization approaches. An illustrative example and an industrial semi‐batch 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole production case are involved to demonstrate the advantages and applicability of the proposed framework.
Late‐onset Proteus syndrome with cerebriform connective tissue nevus and subsequent development of intraductal papilloma
Authors: Modlin Emily W. , Slavotinek Anne M. , Darling Thomas N. , Lipkowitz Stanley , Barr Frederic G. , Munster Pamela N. , Biesecker Leslie G. , Ours Christopher A.
Published: April 2022

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare segmental overgrowth disorder caused by a mosaic activating variant in AKT1. The features of PS are often not present at birth but develop during the first few years of life. We describe a 55‐year‐old female, whose first symptom of overgrowth, a cerebriform connective tissue nevus, occurred at 19 years of age. We report the identification of the AKT1 c.49G > A p.(Glu17Lys) variant in this progressive lesion, the bony overgrowth, and recurrence after surgical intervention. In the sixth decade of life, this individual developed intraductal papillomas within her right breast which were confirmed to contain the same activating AKT1 variant as the connective tissue nevus. While similar neoplasms have been described in an individual with Proteus syndrome, none has been evaluated for the presence of the AKT1 variant. The tumor also contained two likely pathogenic variants in PIK3R1, c.1392_1403dupTAGATTATATGA p.(Asp464_Tyr467dup) and c.1728_1730delGAG p.(Arg577del). The finding of additional genetic variation putatively affecting the PI3K/AKT pathway in the neoplastic tissue may provide preliminary evidence of a molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis in PS. The late onset of symptoms and molecular characterization of the breast tumor expand the clinical spectrum of this rare disorder.
Epoxy/hybrid graphene‐copper nanocomposite materials with enhanced thermal conductivity
Authors: Lopez‐Barajas Fabiola , Ramos‐deValle Luis Francisco , Sanchez‐Valdes Saul , Ramirez‐Vargas Eduardo , Martinez‐Colunga Juan Guillermo , Espinoza‐Martinez Adriana Berenice , da Silva Luciano , Hernandez‐Gamez Jose Francisco , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Oliverio Santiago , Beltran‐Ramirez Flora Itzel , Zuluaga‐Parra Jose David
Published: April 2022

Thermal conductivity of epoxy resins was highly improved (up to 1.95 W/mK) with the addition of 7, 10, and 15 wt% of a hybrid filler composed of 70–30 wt% ratio of graphene and copper nanoparticles, respectively. Hybrid filler was obtained by high energy mechanical milling in two manners; just the two nanoparticles “dry milling” and with the addition of ethylene‐glycol “wet milling.” The crystalline structure was severely destroyed with dry milling but not with wet milling. Wet milling was thereafter used to obtain the hybrid filler that was later used in producing the epoxy nanocomposites. Raman spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron microscopy were used to determine the interaction between both nanoparticles in the obtained hybrid graphene‐copper filler. XPS findings suggest that certain amount of copper is bonded to the graphene surface nanoparticles. This bonding could be carried out by the charge‐transfer interaction between graphene and copper or by physisorption of copper between the graphene nanosheets. The signals in 119.2 and 120.7 eV, observed in the deconvolution of Cu3s signal, correspond to copper carbon bonds Cu═C and CuC, respectively. This “wet” mechanical milling methodology represents a good option to prepare graphene/metal (hybrid) fillers.
Neues BAWMerkblatt zur Bauwerksüberwachung – Nachhaltiges Infrastrukturmanagement an Bundeswasserstraßen
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Kloé Katrin , Johmann Stephan , Bödefeld Jörg
Published: April 2022

Mit Einführung der neuen Verwaltungsvorschrift VV‐WSV 2101 Bauwerksinspektion wird das Inspektionsregime der Bundeswasserstraßen feiner abgestimmt. Neuerdings in Inspektionskategorie B eingruppierte Bauwerke weisen zwar grundsätzlich ein besonderes Gefährdungspotenzial im Hinblick auf die zu gewährleistende Verkehrssicherheit auf, sind aber bautechnisch nicht so komplex, als dass es bei ihnen – im Unterschied zur Inspektionskategorie A – einer Bauwerksprüfung durch sachkundige Ingenieure bedarf. Hier wird zukünftig eine Bauwerksüberwachung erforderlich. Das zugehörige, neu erarbeitete BAWMerkblatt Schadensbewertung an Verkehrswasserbauwerken der Inspektionskategorie B (MSV‐B) gruppiert die betrachteten Bauwerke und gibt Vorgaben für die systematische Erfassung und Bewertung von Schäden an diesen. Mithilfe einer weitgehenden Standardisierung bedient das Merkblatt sowohl die Anforderungen an eine effiziente Datenerhebung vor Ort als auch an die Dokumentation der Ergebnisse im Programmsystem des Infrastrukturmanagements, WSVPruf. Nach eng konzertierter Entwicklung und Ausarbeitung in 2021, innerhalb der Verwaltung verteilt angelegter Qualitätssicherung und breit gestreuter Schulung mittels digitaler E‐Learning‐Formate wurde das Merkblatt im März 2022 eingeführt.
Carbon dots‐modified paper‐based chemiluminescence device for rapid determination of mercury (II) in cosmetics
Authors: Al Yahyai Iman , Al‐Lawati Haider A. J. , Hassanzadeh Javad
Published: April 2022

Here, a simple and portable paper‐based analytical device (PAD) based on the inherent capability of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to serve as a great emitter for the bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO)–hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) chemiluminescence (CL) reaction is introduced for the detection of harmful mercury ions (Hg2+). The energy is transferred from the unstable reaction intermediate (1,2‐dioxetanedione) to CQDs, as acceptors, and an intensive orange‐red CL emission is generated at ~600 nm, which is equal to the fluorescence emission wavelength of CQDs. The analytical applicability of this system was examined for the determination of Hg2+. It was observed that Hg2+ could significantly quench the produced emission, which can be attributed to the formation of a stable and nonluminescent Hg2+–CQDs complex. Accordingly, a simple and rapid PAD was established for monitoring Hg2+, with a limit of detection of 0.04 μg ml−1. No interfering effect on the signal was found from other examined cations, indicating the acceptable specificity of the method. The designed assay was appropriately utilized to detect Hg2+ ions in cosmetic samples with high efficiency. It was characterized by its low cost, ease of use, and was facile but accurate and high selective for the detection of Hg2+ ions. In addition, the portability of this probe makes it suitable for on‐site screening purposes.