bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of crop flours based on protein contents using near infra-red spectroscopy and principle component analysis
Authors: Yuliyanda I , Masithoh R E , Khuriyati N , Saputro A D
Published: November 2019

Indonesia has abundant crops that can be used as carbohydrate sources. Those crops are made into flour to prolong the shelf life, as well to ease for handling and cooking. Crops as carbohydrate sources are usually high energy but low protein. The aim of this research was to classify flours made of various crops using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) and principle component analysis (PCA). The samples used in this study were six types of flour made of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). The reflectance data were taken using the NIRFlex N500 Fiber Optic Solids Cell at wavelengths of 1000-2500 nm. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.5.1. Three pre-processing methods were used, i.e. 1st Savitzky Golay Derivative, Normalization, and Standard Normal Variate (SNV). PCA was able to classify flours based on types of crops. The best transformation was SNV which was able to classify all groups of samples with 100% success rate. PCA model was also able to differentiate low and high protein level of samples aligned with the chemical analysis.
Development of android-based interface to determine color additives in food embedded with convolution neural networks technique
Authors: Pribadi W , Masithoh R E , Nugroho A P , Radi
Published: November 2019

Recent advanced technology enables Android smartphone suitable for quality evaluation of food. In this research, image processing technique was used to detect food color additives. In this research, a smartphone application was developed to determine the availability of color additives in food products. Local food namely geplak was made by adding food grade (i.e. tartrazine and erythrosine) and non-food grade (Rhodamin B and Methanyl Yellow) additives in three concentrations. A mobile phone captured geplak images resulting 1200 images which were divided into 1000 images for training and 200 images for validation. Image data was processed with the python programming language of tensorflow function. The output of python in nominal weight was then trained and tested by using a convolutional neural networks (CNN) method. The weights were then processed by Android Studio version 3.2.1 using.java as backend from CNN and.xml as an application layout. Validation result showed that the program successfully determined class of food additive in high degree accuracy of 98 %.
Optimization of waste combinations during decomposition of domestic organic waste using the response surface methodology
Authors: Aliwarga H K , Sutiarso L , Widada Jaka , Nugroho B D A
Published: November 2019

Accumulation of domestic organic waste needs to be processed because it can cause negative effects on the environment. Domestic organic waste can be decomposed into high value products of secondary metabolite by using bacteria like biopesticide. Composition of domestic organic waste as a substrate can affect the decomposition of that waste. This research aims to investigate the optimum composition of domestic waste and additional materials in treating domestic organic waste by using Streptomyces sp GMR-22. Composition of the waste and additional materials was determined by proximate nutrition factors of the ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents and optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The temperature and moisture was set to 37°C and 60% respectively. The response was demonstrated by the number of Streptomyces sp GMR-22 on the eight day of the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process. The results show that the highest cell number of Streptomyces sp GMR-22 on eight days was resulted from the combination of 5.25 g ash, 5.5 g protein, 1.5 g fat, and 41 g carbohydrate on resulting 2,8 x 109 cells/gram of substrate. The RSM results indicated that carbohydrate and protein contents were the main factors on the growth of Streptomyces sp. GMR-22. On the other hand, ash had a low significance and fat had no significant effect. In the processing of domestic organic waste through SSF which was based on the proximate value, the RSM results can be used to determine nutrition priorities that must be met.
Positioning of soil moisture sensors for actual conditions of crop water requirement in the controlled drip irrigation system
Authors: Rizqi FA , Murtiningrum  , Ngadisih
Published: November 2019

Controlled drip irrigation systems are one of the most efficient irrigation systems. The soil moisture sensor has a problem with positioning in the soil which causes errors in reading the actual moisture levels and failure to meet the actual crop water requirements. This research aims to determine the optimum position of the soil moisture sensor that represents the actual condition of the root crop water requirements. Knowledge of soil wetted arising from the infiltration of an efficient controlled irrigation system, determines the position of the sensor. The experiment used 26 soil moisture sensor and approached the ratio comparison between the observation of the volume wetting and the volume of the wetting sensor moisture in each segment with an interval of 6 minutes. Indicated the sensor at that location represented actual wetted these occurred in a controlled drip irrigation system. The results showed, the sensors of soil moisture numbers 16, 17 and 18 have the best R2 average value of 0.973, 0.953 and 0.931. These values showed that optimal position of the soil moisture sensor, which represents the actual condition of the crop water requirements. Thus, in the application of drip irrigation the position of the optimal soil moisture sensor is controlled at a depth of 10 cm at a radius of 5 cm from the emitter.
The use of oven as a device to temper molten Dark Chocolate
Authors: Kurniasari J , Cahyani A , Nafingah R , Rahayoe S , Harmayani E , Saputro A D
Published: November 2019

Tempering is one of the most important processes in chocolate making. Tempering is needed to ensure that chocolate has correct melting point, hardness, snap and gloss. After tempering, cocoa butter crystallises in polymorphic form beta V, resulting in chocolate with melting point in the range of 33-34°C. This work investigated the impact of crystal maturation duration and holding time of tempering process on hardness and appearance of dark chocolate. Five durations of crystal maturation, namely 1,3,5,and 7 days and five holding time namely 3,6,9,12,15 and minutes were used as variables. The results showed that hardness of chocolate had propensity to increase as the maturation duration was prolonged. Similar trend was also observed as the holding time increased. With regard to the colour, the L*, a* and b* values tended to decrease as the duration of crystal maturation increased. The use oven method, thus, seemed to have potential for small-scale production of dark chocolate.
Characteristic of Corn drying (Zea Mays L) using recirculated column dryer
Authors: Karyadi J N W , E Suganda E , Hikam F , Muklis E A , Bintoro N
Published: November 2019

The corn ussually are harvested at high moisture content ( more 25% w.b.), therefore at those conditions the corn will be very susceptible to damage such as attacked by fungi, bacteria, or physical damage. Drying using mechanical dryer is must conducted on those product to prevent deterioration. In Indonesia there are few resirculated column batch dryer machines with screw conveyor for circulation, however the information of the performance of this dryer is very limited. The objectives of this research is to determine the characteristic of corn drying using those machine. The material is using sheeled corn that have initial moisture 25-30% (w.b.). The corns were dried using the recirculated column batch dryer that have capasity of 2 tons/batch. The drying chamber has diameter of 2,0 m and the height of 3 m. Heat source of this drryer is from liquid petroleum gas that was delivered by high capacity of centrifugal blower. Drying temperature was controlled using automated thermostat that connectd to the gas pipe. Drying experiment was conducted using 45 oC, 55 oC and 65°C. The measurement of moisture content is used for the determination of the drying rate and the drying efficiency. The quality determination parameters used are bulk density, damage, and cleanliness. The results show that the dryer air temperature affected the drying rate, the efficiency of drying, and the quality of the material. The best drying rate with temperature 65°C average 4,95% / hour, high efficiention at dryer temperature 55°C and 65°C equal to 86,27% and 83,51%, and best material quality with dryer temperature 55°C.
Dynamic modeling of marketing channels to control the inventory of Black Rice in Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Putri A A , Ismoyowati D , Pamungkas A P
Published: November 2019

Black rice is anthocyanin-containing rice. Black rice farming can be found in several parts of Indonesia, including in Yogyakarta where the harvest is mainly used for self-consumption and to be marketed. In 2018, almost half of the farmers facing the problem to market the harvest. On the other hand, black rice distributors expressed their needs of more supply to meet Yogyakarta market demand. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on modeling the black rice marketing channel system to observe the behaviour of black rice inventory. This study aims to produce a black rice marketing system model and find out the black rice inventory system in Yogyakarta using a dynamic modeling. The sampling techniques used purposive and snowball sampling in the black rice marketing channels. The results show that the system consisted of farmers, collectors, distributors, retailers and consumers subsystems, and the best scenario in the simulation implied the collectors and distributors must increase the sale to other areas outside Yogyakarta.
The Potential Analysis of Sugarcane Litter Management With Mecahnization In Sugarcane Plantation Takalar Sugar Factory (PG Takalar) South Sulawesi
Authors: Iqbal  , Supratomo
Published: November 2019

Sugarcane plantation of Takalar (PG Takalar) have big potential organic waste alike sugarcane litter. Sugarcane litter is organic waste that could be processed into organic fertilizer in form of compost. The objectives of this study were to determine the potential of sugarcane litter and to determine the machinery requirement for sugarcane litter management in PG Takalar. The result showed that the average availability potential of sugarcane litter in PG Takalar was 19.96% or 20% from each stem of sugarcane. In total, with 4186 ha area of PG Takalar, the potential of sugarcane litter was 32860 ton/year. Nowadays, in PG Takalar, the management of sugarcane litter is done conventionally by burning the litter in the field. It is also found from the study that to manage the sugarcane litter in 4186 ha area, the number of machinery needed to support the mechanization of sugarcane litter management were 48 units of tractor, 13 units of trash rake, 31 units of trailer, 4 units of applicator, 18 units of chopper, 3 units of truck, 3 units of composting turner, and 3 units of loader.
Study of Optimization of Liquid Fertilizing on Red Spinach Cultivation in A Greenhouse
Authors: Pramuhadi G , Rusdi  , Tobing J
Published: November 2019

The objective of the research is to determine optimum liquid fertilizing on red spinach cultivation in a greenhouse. The research was conducted from March to April 2019 at the Sprayer Laboratory and in a greenhouse to determine parameters of droplet diameter, droplet density, effective spraying width, effective spraying debit, and harvested biomass weight. Spraying tools and material are SWAN F16 electric sprayer, air blower, and liquid fertilizer. Results of the research showed that the use of the electric sprayer and the use of the electric sprayer and the air blower produced minimum droplet diameter, maximum droplet density, maximum effective spraying width, and minimum effective spraying debit were 311-micron meter, 706 droplet cm−2, 56 cm, and 1.99 litre min−1 and 405.14-micron meter, 361 droplet cm−2, 72 cm, and 2.21 litre min−1 in average respectively. The use of the electric sprayer has produced maximum harvested biomass weight of 7.17 g/plant in average on walking speed of 0.9 m/s with 1.97 litre ha−1 liquid fertilizer dosage. The use of the electric sprayer and the air blower have produced maximum harvested biomass weight of 4.55 g/plant in average on walking speed of 0.5 m s−1 with 3 litre ha−1 liquid fertilizer dosage.
Effect of the addition of H2SO4 on the synthesis of sulfated oil from palm oil (Elaeis guinensis JACQ) on the chemical properties of sulfated oil
Authors: Kasmudjiastuti E , Murti R S , Rahmawati D , Griyanitasari G
Published: November 2019

This research aimed to determine the effect of adding sulfuric acid to the synthesis of sulfated oil from palm oil to the chemical properties of the resulting sulfated oil. The research method is the synthesis of sulfated oil from bulk palm oil, with a 98% H2SO4 emulsifier technically. The addition of H2SO4 varied with successive number of 10; 12.5; 15; 17.5; 20; 22.5 and 25% with sulphation time for 3 (three) hours. The resulting sulfated oil was chemically tested including water content, oil content, total alkalinity, saponification number, ash content, and SO3 levels are bound. The results showed that there was an effect of adding H2SO4 to the synthesis of oil sulfated. The addition of 25% H2SO4 is the best compared to other samples. Sulfated oil obtained by its solubility in water is more stable than other samples. The chemical properties of the sulfur oil produced have a water content of 6.47%; oil content of 81.28%; total alkalinity of 0.25%; and ash content of 2.77%; meet the requirements IS: 6357-1971, specifications of sulfated oil for leather.
Land use and land cover (LULC) modification on the climate and air quality variations
Authors: Najwa Shahrin Nurimanina , Asmat Arnis , Atiqah Hazali Nur , Sahak Nurainshafika
Published: November 2019

Land use and land cover change are one of the crucial climate change drivers in expanding cities. The land use conversion which alters physical and thermal properties of land surface has also affected the air quality of the urban atmosphere. The paper attempted to investigate how the land use land cover modification can be associated with climate and particle matter variation in Selangor for a decade (2007-2017). PM10 concentration, relative humidity, temperature and wind speed were interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) from six monitoring stations in Selangor and compared to chronological land use changes. The results showed that the land use conversion had induced the variation of particulate matter in the monitoring station located at urban and sub-urban areas. For a decade most land use/land cover had been converted from forest to vegetation areas in northern part and urbanization is expanding intensively to the western part of Selangor in year 2017. Both years have recorded high concentration for particulate matter in Kuala Selangor with concentration of 57.28 µg/m3 and 47.16 µg/m3 respectively. The concentration variation distribution is highly affected during monsoonal, where the stations are located is much significant to be affected by meteorological factor and modification of surrounding land use land cover.
Temporal and spatial distribution of the mid-tropospheric CO2 concentrations in Malaysia
Authors: Othman N H , Ash’aari Z H , Muharam F M , Othman M A , Othman M
Published: November 2019

Satellite observations of CO2 offer a unique opportunities to improve our understanding of the carbon sources and sinks. Due to the lack of studies of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in this region, we first confirmed the reliability of the mid-tropospheric Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) CO2 data using atmospheric CO2 concentration data from the only available Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) ground-based station observation in Malaysia. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of mid-troposphere CO2 in Malaysia from January 2009 to December 2012 was analyzed based on AIRS satellite product. The results show that the average CO2 concentrations were high in the eastern part of the study area and lower in the west. From January 2009 to December 2012, the mid-tropospheric CO2 concentrations increased gradually with annual growth rate about 1.293 ppmv/a. There was a significant seasonal CO2 variation with peak concentration was observed during the North-East monsoon (NEM) and the lowest was during South-West monsoon (SWM). The temporal distribution of CO2 concentrations was mainly affected by the amount of sunlight and precipitation received during both monsoons. The study suggested that mid-tropospheric AIRS CO2 data product was able to help in understanding the variations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations comprehensively.
Assessment of antifungal agent for the treatment of Culvularia sp. and Lichtheimia sp.
Authors: Darus F M , Misa N A A , Ismail Z S , Mahidin H
Published: November 2019

Fungal contamination in the indoor environment has become the major topic nowadays as it has been related to bad health impacts especially to children as they are more susceptible to diseases. An antifungal agent could act as the remediation to ensure indoor environment become less favorable to fungal growth. However, due to insufficient information on the use of antifungal agents in treating indoor fungal contamination, they were not widely considered for environmental application. The purposes of this study are to collect and identify the type of fungi present in indoor environment of preschool building, to obtain the pure culture of the collected indoor fungi in preschool building and lastly to access the efficacy and compare the efficiency of antifungal agents for indoor fungal remediation. The indoor fungi were collected using Anderson air sampler stage 6 at a classroom of Permata PKPS kindergarten. Wet-mount slide technique was used to identify the fungal colonies collected and they were identified up to their genus level. The fungal colonies were identified as Culvularia sp. and Lichtheimia sp. Pure culture of Curvularia sp. and Lichtheimia sp. were successfully obtained. The efficacy and efficiency of the antifungal agents were assessed using disc diffusion technique through the diameter of zone of inhibition formed. The five antifungal agents tested in this study were tea tree oil, lemongrass oil, vinegar, 70% ethanol and Febreze. Four out of five tested antifungal agents exhibited antifungal properties. They were tea tree oil, lemongrass oil, vinegar and Febreze. The finding of this study shows that lemongrass oil was the most effective antifungal agents as it completely inhibited the growth of both Curvularia sp. and Lichtheimia sp. and also have the ability to inhibit the production of spore of Curvularia sp. and Lichtheimia sp. Hence, lemongrass oil should be considered as remediation for fungal contamination in indoor environment to maintain good indoor air quality
A study on carbon reduction to prevent climate change by futures and options trading in ASEAN
Authors: Yu Zhang Shi , Chen Y T , Chen Colin W K
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a conceptual study of ASEAN countries, explore the possibility of developing carbon trading futures and options market from an economic perspective. Owing to market-based complementarity and an invisible hand in the economic market to influence the market and the difference in the development level of ASEAN countries, the joint planning of carbon trading mechanism (carbon trading emission rights mechanism) has become a great trend in the future. The ASEAN countries are currently at a stage of high industrial development; it also brings many pollution problems. How to maintain economic stability and even growth without prejudice to the environment is one aspect of the hard work of scholars studying environmental protection and economists jointly. This paper sets a framework for a carbon trading mechanism to study what impact it will have on the market economy and the environment. It is hoped that this creative idea will be realized and benefited mankind and nature in the future.
The development of Air Quality Indices using AOD-Retrieved Images during haze events in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ali Ahmed Ben Youssef Khaled , Makmom Abdullah Ahmad , Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri Helmi , Hanan Ashaari Zulfa
Published: November 2019

Advances in satellite sensors provide new datasets to assist in the observation of air quality at urban and local scales. Quantitative Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and qualitative true colour image data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on the Terra satellite have been widely used to assess air quality. In this study, both 3 km and 10 km MODIS aerosol products were used to provide an overview of the state of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) during haze episodes over Peninsular Malaysia covering the period 21 to 26 June 2013. The result showed a high concentration of PM during the haze period based on ground-level data, with an average level of PM2.5 (mean ± standard deviation) of 99.86 ± 23.99, 190.37 ± 105.59, and 205.191 ± 165.76 (µg/m3) in Tanah Merah station, Cheras station, and Putrajaya station, respectively. Meanwhile, the PM10 in the Tanah Merah, Charas, and Putrajaya stations was 100.56 ± 28.17, 181.31 ± 83.70, and 197.99 ± 74.67, respectively. Overall, the results showed a correlation between monitoring station measurements and satellite data. Satellite remote sensing analysis of atmospheric aerosols remain a great method for estimating haze distribution and can be further used to monitor the atmospheric environment in Malaysia.
The problem of pore fracture growth in a marginal part of a gas-bearing coal seam
Authors: Cherdantsev N V
Published: November 2019

The model of geomechanic state of the coal massif inclosing in-seam working driven along a gas-bearing seam is introduced in the paper. The model is built on the basis of the fundamental concepts of deformable body geomechanics and elastic fracture mechanics. It suggests that the massif is in the state of plane deformation loaded with a stress gravity field. It is assumed that strength characteristics of a coal seam are less than the strength characteristics of the inclosing seam rocks but higher than the strength characteristics along their contact. Coulomb-Mohr and Mohr-Kuznetsov strength criteria are taken as the condition for appearing of inelastic deformation. In this connection, the problem of stress-deformable state of a coal rock massif appears to be an elasticoplastic one. The pore gas pressure changes deep down the seam according to the hyperbolic tangent function. The model assumes that when setting the boundary condition on the seam contact with the side rocks the microfractures containing pore methane are oriented in the direction of a maximum principal stress.
Regional structure of oil export from Russia with differentiation by directions of supplies
Authors: Provornaya I V , Filimonova I V , Eder L V , Nemov V Y
Published: November 2019

In the article, the authors analyzed the stable trends in the development of export oil supplies from Russia. The purpose of this article is a short-term forecast of the export of Russian oil with differentiations in the areas of supply. Based on the trend modeling until 2025, a forecast of the total volume of oil exports was made with differentiation in the directions of the supply of liquid hydrocarbons. For each direction of supply, forecast confidence intervals are defined within the limits of which Russian oil exports may be found. The authors showed that export supplies of oil to the energy market of the Asia-Pacific region will increase annually and exports to the European market will decline. The article shows that in the structure of oil supplies from Russia, the main growth is accounted for by foreign countries. In 2018, oil supplies in this direction amounted to 239.6 million tons. At the same time, the share of oil supplies to the European market is annually reduced, reaching only 64% in 2018 (80% in 2011), which is associated with the redirection of oil exports to the Asia-Pacific oil market, primarily to China. In this region, the demand for Russian oil is provided by its higher quality and corresponding chemical composition.
Algorithm for the selection of public-private partnership projects for planning the resources allocation in road and transport infrastructure
Authors: Buyvis V A , Yu Yuryeva E , Novichikhin A V
Published: November 2019

Features of functioning of the modern road and transport infrastructure in terms of attracting private investments in infrastructure projects through the mechanisms of public-private partnership are identified. An additional set of indicators is proposed for evaluating the public-private partnership projects in the road and transport infrastructure. An algorithm was developed for selection of the projects implemented in the road and transport infrastructure using public-private partnership mechanisms. The problem of the preferred choice of projects for the construction of roads from a variety of alternatives was solved. The proposed algorithm for selecting public-private partnership projects in planning the resources allocation in the road and transport infrastructure, which contains additional tools in the form of a set of indicators of the functioning and resource allocation of the road and transport infrastructure, can be used to solve the problem of choosing a project that satisfies maximally all the requirements stated by the customer taking into account the level of investment opportunities.
Technical and technological platforms for creating robotized complexes for the development of thick seam deposits
Authors: Nikitenko M S , Kizilov S A
Published: November 2019

The article presents technical and technological solutions for the development of thick seam fields, considered as platforms for designing robotic coal extraction complexes. Enclosing-supporting power support with controlled release to the face conveyor in the long wall version and “support-gallery” design, as well as power complete enclosing-supporting walking support are presented as platforms. For each platform, taking into account the structural differences, the devices and processes of automation and robotization are systematized within the framework of the “rock-coal” boundary determination task, conveyor loading and coal outlet initiation assessment. The prospects for the neurocomputer interface integration into the control system for solving dispatching tasks are indicated.
The Northern Sea Route in the system of international transport corridors as a logistic basis for the development of Arctic resources
Authors: Petrov I V , Kharchilava Kh P , Pukhova M M , Bashkov D U , Shtanova K A
Published: November 2019

The paper assesses the significance of the Northern Sea Route for the development of Arctic resources and discusses the methodology for comparing potential transport corridors connecting Northern Europe and Southeast Asia. Due to the characteristics of the transport routes, including the length, travel time and fuel consumption, the authors were able to state the contents of the methodological analysis in several stages, at the end of which, using the optimal mathematical model, autocorrelation and multicollinear analysis, the conditional variance of a number of resulting indicators was estimated and the decision was made about using the model of autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (Arch) for forecasting. The paper contains the conclusion that the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is the most attractive waterway between Northern Europe and Southeast Asia, not only due to its distance and geographical factors, but also considering the economic feasibility of using this route for transportation of extracted minerals.
Development of integration risk on integrated management system in order to increase organizational performance of construction company
Authors: Masuin Ringgy , Latief Yusuf
Published: November 2019

The implementation of integration management system (Quality, Health and Safety, Environment management system) begins in the manufacturing industry, then develops in the health industry and so on currently being researched for its application in the construction industry. There are various risks in the standard management system. These risks are very influential on the operational process of an organization. The risks involved in an organization’s operations include quality risk, environmental risk, occupational health and safety risks, information system risks, and so on. If the risk can be recognized and managed well, will become a strategy for improving organization performance. So, this research discusses how risk management can be well managed so that improving organization performance. This research has survey method by giving questionnaires to experts and respondents to know the possible dominant risk. Then the survey results will be analysis through quantitative analysis using AHP method and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA).
Implementation of transportation modes in universitas indonesia campus based on fueled gas and electricity to reduce emission load
Authors: Saputra Asep Handaya , Shidqi Muhammad Luthfi
Published: November 2019

The emission load at the University of Indonesia, with a population data of 44,113 people, consists of 85.11% of students and 14.89% of lecturers and employees of 30,864 tons CO2 / year, where the highest emissivity rate is generated by the electricity sector of 25,564 tons CO2 / year and public transportation 582,000 tons CO2 / year. The assessment was carried out on various indoor facilities for CO2 emissions generated by the public transportation sector, namely gas procurement with CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) technology, hybrid electric-powered bus (PHEV), and electric tram (Transit Light Rail). Calculation is done with primary data base and secondary data with purpose. The calculation results of emission load for each mode of transportation in sequence namely; LRT of 0,000071 tCO2e / year, PHEV of 0.00028 tCO2e / year and CNG of 0.012958 tCO2e / year. CO2 emission load generated by a gas engine as a scenario 2 (PHEV) electricity feeder facility is 2.030995 tCO2e / MWh.
Behaviour of rebar shear connector in a push test for composite beam with cold-formed steel section
Authors: Armo Achmad Abraham S , Saggaff Anis , Tahir Mahmood Md , Ngian Shek Poi , Sulaiman Arizu , Salih Musab NA
Published: November 2019

Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) has been widely used for residential, commercial and light industries due to lightweight and ease to install. Development of suitable shear connector for composite beam systems with CFS is proposed in this research. This paper presents the performance of the proposed shear connector using rebar in CFS composite beam systems. A new method is introduced to install the proposed shear in composite beam system encased in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Three specimens are tested until failure for the rebar of a shear connector with different configurations with a dimension of 12 mm and 16 mm and interval distance longitudinally 200 mm and 330 mm for the standard push-out test. The shear capacity, ductility and failure modes are recorded from the test specimens. The experimental results are compared with Eurocode 4 to establish the relationship between theoretical value and experimental value. It can be concluded that the increased in dimension size and the reduced in intervals longitudinal distance of rebar contributed to an increase in the shear capacity.
Effects of crushed stone waste as fine aggregate on mortar and concrete properties
Authors: Prasetia Irfan , Maulana Achmad
Published: November 2019

In this study, effects of crushed stone waste from Katunun’s quarry as fine aggregate on mortar and concrete properties will be examined. Samples with varying crushed stone waste replacement ratio, ranging between 0% until 100%, will be analysed at 3, 7 and 28 days curing time. Mortar sample is using 0.5 w/c ratio, while concrete sample is using 0.45 w/c ratio. The mixture of mortar sample is based on SNI 03-6825-2002, whilst concrete sample is based on SNI 03-2834-2000. The examination of concrete samples workability was conducted based on the slump test according to SNI 1972:2008. Moreover, the compressive strength test of mortar sample is based on SNI 03-6825-2002. In addition, the compressive strength test of concrete sample is based on SNI 1974:2011. Regarding compressive strength of mortar samples, the average compressive strength results of mortar with crushed stone waste rose significantly in line with the increase in replacement ratio. As for the workability of fresh concrete, sample using natural river sand had better workability compared to sample using crushed stone waste. However, the workability of concrete with crushed stone waste is still meet the slump value specified in the job mix formula. In addition, it has been found out that the combination of 75% crushed stone waste with 25% river sand will give the highest compressive strength compared to others combinations. Based on these findings, the utilization of crushed stone waste from Katunun’s quarry in mortar and concrete mixture can be proposed.
Readines of Change Management in the Malaysian Public Organization
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Hafis , Ismail Syuhaida , Saleh Abd. Latif
Published: November 2019

In order to make a transition from its current state to some desired future states, organisational change must be carried out in minimising employee resistance and cost to the organization while simultaneously maximising the effectiveness of the change effort. This paper aims to assess the value of the change management of organisation in the Malaysian public organisation with its three objectives of (1) identifying the attributes of change management in the Malaysian public organisation; (2) investigating the current practice of organisation and employees in the Malaysian public organisation towards change management and (3) assessing the factors influencing readiness of organisation and employees in the Malaysian public organisation towards change management. It is found that change management is a structured approach for ensuring that changes are thoroughly and smoothly implemented to transitioning individuals, teams, and organisations to a desired future state by focusing on the wider impacts of change, particularly on people, where change does not happen in isolation thus impacts the whole organisation. Furthermore, based on literature content analysis, questionnaires survey and Relative Important Index (RII), it is found that current practice of organisation and employees in the organisation towards change management involved three main factors, namely trust in management, communication and organisational commitment; with the factor for trust in management is the positive vision for the future by management team, meanwhile for communication, it is found that there is good communication between supervisors and employees about the organisation’s policy toward the changes. The factor found in organisational commitment is employees enjoying discussing about their organisation with outsiders. The findings of this paper provide a positive impact on change management planning, which ultimately help in ensuring more effective change programme implementation in the public organisation in Malaysia.
Community base development at the implementation of rehabilitation and reconstruction project after earthquake in West Sumatera
Authors: Farni Indra , Zin Rosli Mohamad , Alzahri
Published: November 2019

This study aim to assessing and investigate the construction process of damaged houses during the rehabilitation and reconstruction phases due to the 2009 West Sumatran Earthquake. Community empowerment approach is adopted considering its sustainability to strengthen the capacity of community in order to reduce disaster risk. The community empowerment concept will run effectively if it is designed properly. Through self-help scheme, the social solidarity, voluntary, and self-reliance, the community is expected to be prepared to forge synergic partnership based on equality and interdependency. Community orientation not only mobilizes the potentials of internal resources but also takes the move to mobilize and utilize all parties involved such as outside community, local government, interested groups, and others. The partnership is very much needed to strengthen the community capacity and to expand its development efforts. People oriented development is formed based on community approach. The community approach is determined by individuals who are expected to build critical awareness and positive behavioral changes, self­reliance, and independence towards the rehabilitation and construction process. The individual behavior change that becomes the pillar for collective community behavioral change, resulting the capability of the community to build up and develop the social resilience of the community, housing and human settlements infrastructure and basic service independency, and economic reliance. The community implementation at community level, in principle, is adjusted to local priority needs of respective area by taking into account the three pillars of the balanced community. This study finds that the rehabilitation and reconstruction process in the aftermath of the 2009 West Sumatran Earthquake had not actively empowered the society. Therefore, development reorientation approach has to be done as a new paradigm and the development concept has to be started with community empowerment.
Feasibility of ISO shipping container as transitional shelter-a review
Authors: Hui Ling Philip Chie , Tan Cher Siang , Saggaff Anis
Published: November 2019

The arising of natural disasters had increased the demand of post-disaster shelter. Over the past decades, concept of transitional shelter had been introduced as a better alternative compared to conventional shelter provision. ISO shipping container had become potential material as transitional shelter. However, the suitability of shipping container as transitional shelter is questionable as there is lack of previous study concern on this issue from different perspective of views. The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the feasibility of ISO shipping container as transitional shelter. The literature review was taken and the context analysis was done using “Technical, Economic, Legal, Operational, Schedule” (TELOS) framework. The strength and weakness of the shipping container as transitional shelter were summarized based on the framework and recommendations were suggested. With the recommendation done, the potential of shipping container to be used as transitional shelter can be fully exploited and become an outstanding alternative for conventional construction method.
Determination residual strength concrete of post-fire using ultrasonic pulse velocity
Authors: Wuryanti Wahyu
Published: November 2019

Assessment of residual strength of concrete post fire is importance. Concrete exposed at high temperatures causes chemical and physical phenomena that cause various level of damage. Heat distribution unevenly causes different of hot spots on the concrete surface. The correlation between high temperature and duration heat raises the heat penetration depth differently which effect on the strength of concrete. The research aims determine substantial reduction of the compressive strength concrete the post-fire as result of the depth of heat penetration. Experimental method by vertical furnaces was used in this research. Specimens use two of the concrete panel which has 1065 mm x 1055 mm and 100 mm thickness and ten the cylinder concrete with the diameter 150 mm and 300 mm height. Combustion of the specimens was performed with gradual heat follow the heat curve according to SNI 1741: 2008. The combustion duration carried out for 2 hours and an hour that result the depth heat penetration differently. The depth heat penetration was measured with a set thermocouple that has embedded in the concrete panels with various depths. The residual concrete strength post-fire was measured using ultrasonic pulse velocity.
Properties of polymer concrete containing active micro filler of palm oil fuel ash
Authors: Khalid Nur Hafizah A , Sam Abdul Rahman Mohd , Mohamed Azman , Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor , Ariffin Nur farhayu
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the mechanical properties of polymer concrete (PC) containing active-mobilize micro filler of palm oil fuel ash (POFA). As known fact, the wrong chosen of filler for PC will lead to give poor properties of PC. In this study, the POFA was divided into two types; ground POFA and unground POFA. The fine micro filler of ground POFA was compared with calcium carbonate. While, coarse micro filler of unground POFA was compared with silica sand. Before the micro fillers being to be utilized in PC, the micro fillers were characterized under microstructure examinations; particle size distribution and morphology. Then, the mechanical properties of PC with different micro fillers were investigated under compression, flexural, and splitting tensile test. Further test on the denseness of PCs were carried out under ultra-pulse velocity (UPV) test. From the results, it was found that the PC with ground POFA had superior mechanical properties as compared to others. In conclusion, the ground POFA had active micro filler which functioning to fill the gap and to provide the dense packed structure in PCs.
Influences of Yield Strength and Section Depth to the Compression Capacity of Single Cold-Formed Channel Lipped
Authors: Boon-Kai Tan , Poi-Ngian Shek , Kueh-Beng-Hong Ahmad
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a parametric study on single cold-formed channel lipped section subject to axial compression load. The aim of this study is to investigate the influences of yield strength and depth of the section towards the compression capacity of a thin channel section. The study started with the calculation of effective area of a channel section followed by the calculation of compression capacity in accordance to BS EN 1993-1-1. The capacity of the section is then checked with experimental results for validation purpose. Parametric study is conducted to investigate the relationship between the yield strength, section depth and compression capacity. It is concluded that increment in yield strength tend to reduce the effective area of a thin channel section. On the other hand, the increment in section depth has a very little influence to the effective area of a cold-formed channel lipped section.
Finite Element State-Space Model of Edge Initiating Localized Interfacial Degeneration of Damped Composite Laminated Plates
Authors: Koo S.Q. , Kueh A.B.H.
Published: November 2019

In presence of commonly encountered edge delamination problem, a new finite element formulation to examine the effects of a localized interfacial degeneration on the dynamic performance of the cross-ply laminated composite plate adopting the state-space approach is carried out. The stiffness term of the laminate is constructed via the assemblage of the local contribution from each ply sub-element. This involves also the inclusion of an interface layer employing the virtually zero-thickness formulation to model the interfacial degeneration. In addition, the proportional damping and kinematically consistent mass matrix are expressed to form the complete governing formulation. To invoke interfacial degeneration, the degenerated areas are defined from the edge propagating inwards in a localized manner. As the degenerated area of the interface increases, a decreasing pattern is observed in the natural frequency, damped frequency and damping ratio of the plate whereas there exists a rise correspondingly in the loss factor.
Windcatcher as sustainable passive cooling solution for natural ventilation in hot humid climate of Malaysia
Authors: Nejat Payam , Jomehzadeh Fatemeh , Abd. Majid Muhd Zaimi Bin , Mohd Yusof Mohd Badruddin , Zeynali Iman
Published: November 2019

Two third of buildings’ energy consumption is associated to HVAC systems. Windcatcher is a green traditional method of natural ventilation which has been applied for centuries in Middle East. Nevertheless, tropical climate, this green feature is not a common architectural element. In Malaysia as a developing country, buildings account for 23% of total energy consumption and statistics reveals that the their CO2 emissions boomed in recent decade. Due, to high ambient temperature and humidity a great share of buildings energy consumption is related to cooling and ventilation systems. Windcatcher can reduce temperature and provide fresh air for occupants as well as reduction in CO2 concentration inside the building. This old traditional technique can be merged with new building designs to raise the green concept in the building sector. This paper aimed to present a perspective of windcatcher implementation in tropical climate of Malaysia.
Short range visible light communication for high-speed data transfer using low-cost optoelectronic components
Authors: Wijayanto Yusuf Nur , Pristianto Eko Joni , Mahmudin Dadin , Daud Pamungkas
Published: November 2019

High-speed wireless communication is required to carrying out high-quality data. It can be realized by increasing data capacity with enlarging operational bandwidth. As we know, light has very large operational bandwidth with a drawback of large propagation loss in free-pace (air). Therefore, high-speed communication can be realized using light with short coverage area. Light has wide spectrum include visible light region. The visible light is used as a lamp for lighting in a room. The lamp with laser emitting diode (LED) is widely used due to its characteristics of low electric power consumption with bright light. Visible light for communication is promising for smart home. In here, we report our research activity to realize and demonstrate visible light communication with low-cost optoelectronic devices such as laser diodes and photo detectors. Demonstration of the short range visible light communication to carry out digital data is reported.
The Comparison between types of electrodes in Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma for obtaining potable water: a review
Authors: Amri Djulil , Nawawi Zainuddin , Jambak Muhammad Irfan
Published: November 2019

Water is a basic human need in everyday life. However in some areas consumable clean water is still unattainable. There is an urgent need for water purification equipment. Several researches on water purification devices has been carried out with different methods. One of the methods amongst them is using the Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactors. This method applies appropriate temperatures to make it safe for use. This paper discusses about the various methods used in water purification. The previous researchers discussed a lot about the parameters of the ozone producing capability. They also explained the characteristics and effects of voltage related to voltage sources. Furthermore, the factor of non-potable water is also used as a research material. Based on these previous researches, the researcher reviewed and investigated two of the types of electrodes used - The screw and helix type. They were examined in the same reactor tube length, thickness and tube material dimensions.