bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disturbed Prefrontal Cortex Activity in the Absence of Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Dysfunction inArc/Arg3.1Deficient Mice
Authors: Gao Xiaoyan , Grendel Jasper , Muhia Mary , Castro-Gomez Sergio , Süsens Ute , Isbrandt Dirk , Kneussel Matthias , Kuhl Dietmar , Ohana Ora
Published: September 2019

Arc/Arg3.1, an activity regulated immediate early gene, is essential for learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and maturation of neural networks. It has also been implicated in several neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia. Here, we used male and female constitutive and conditionalArc/Arg3.1knock-out (KO) mice to investigate the causal relationship betweenArc/Arg3.1deletion and schizophrenia-linked neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes. Usingin vivolocal field potential recordings, we observed dampened oscillatory activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the KO and early conditional KO (early-cKO) mice, in whichArc/Arg3.1was deleted perinatally. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from neurons in PFC slices revealed altered synaptic properties and reduced network gain in the KO mice as possible mechanisms underlying the oscillation deficits. In contrast, we measured normal oscillatory activity in the PFC of late conditional KO (late-cKO) mice, in whichArc/Arg3.1was deleted during late postnatal development. Our data show that constitutiveArc/Arg3.1KO mice exhibit no deficit in social engagement, working memory, sensorimotor gating, native locomotor activity, and dopaminergic innervation. Moreover, adolescent social isolation, an environmental stressor, failed to induce deficits in sociability or sensorimotor gating in adult KO mice. Thus, genetic removal ofArc/Arg3.1 per sedoes not cause schizophrenia-like behavior. Prenatal or perinatal deletion ofArc/Arg3.1alters cortical network activity, however, without overtly disrupting the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain and not promoting schizophrenia. Misregulation ofArc/Arg3.1rather than deletion could potentially tip this balance and thereby promote emergence of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe activity-regulated and memory-linked geneArc/Arg3.1has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but direct evidence and a mechanistic link are still missing. The current study asks whether loss ofArc/Arg3.1can affect brain circuitry and cause schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice. The findings demonstrate that genetic deletion ofArc/Arg3.1before puberty alters synaptic function and prefrontal cortex activity. Although brain networks are disturbed, genetic deletion ofArc/Arg3.1does not cause schizophrenia-like behavior, even when combined with an environmental insult. It remains to be seen whether misregulation ofArc/Arg3.1might critically imbalance brain networks and lead to emergence of schizophrenia.
Neuroscience and Sex/Gender: Looking Back and Forward
Authors: Hines Melissa
Published: September 2019

Phoenix et al. (1959) reported that treating pregnant guinea pigs with testosterone had enduring effects on the sex-related behavior of their female offspring. Since then, similar enduring effects of early testosterone exposure have been found in other species, including humans, and for other behaviors that show average sex differences. In humans, the affected outcomes include gender identity, sexual orientation, and children's sex-typical play behavior. The evidence linking early testosterone exposure to sex-typed play is particularly robust, and sex-typed play is also influenced by many other factors, including socialization by parents and peers and self-socialization, based on cognitive understanding of gender. In addition to influencing behavior, testosterone and hormones produced from testosterone affect mammalian brain structure. Studies using human autopsy material have found some sex differences in the human brain similar to those seen in other species, and have reported that some brain sex differences correlate with sexual orientation or gender identity, although the causes of these brain/behavior relationships are unclear. Studies that have imaged the living human brain have found only a small number of sex differences, and these differences are generally small in magnitude. In addition, they have not been linked to robust psychological or behavioral sex differences. Future research might benefit from improved imaging technology, and attention to other brain characteristics. In addition, it might usefully explore how different types of factors, such as early testosterone exposure and parental socialization, work together in the developmental system that produces sex/gender differences in human brain and behavior.
Multiple Functions of the Essential GenePpVinDrosophilaEarly Development
Authors: Liu Boyang , Sung Hung-wei , Großhans Jörg
Published: September 2019

Protein phosphatase V (PpV) encodes the Drosophila homolog of the evolutionarily conserved Protein Phosphatase 6 (PP6). The physiological and developmental functions of PpV/PP6 have not been well characterized due to lack of a genetically defined mutant. Here, we identified a PpV non-sense mutation and describe multiple mutant phenotypes in oogenesis and early embryogenesis. Specifically, we found that the defects in chromosome segregation during nuclear cycles are related to AuroraA function, which is consistent with the interaction of PP6 and AuroraA in mammalian cells. Surprisingly, we also identified a PpV function specifically in blastoderm cell cycle but not in cell proliferation in the follicle epithelium or larval wing imaginal discs. Embryos from PpV germline clones frequently undergo an extra nuclear division cycle. By epistasis analysis, we found that PpV functions in parallel with tribbles, but independently of auroraA for the remodeling of the nuclear cycles. Taken together, this study reports novel developmental functions of PpV and provides a framework for further genetic analysis under physiological conditions.
Germ Cell Lineage Homeostasis in Drosophila Requires the Vasa RNA Helicase
Authors: Durdevic Zeljko , Ephrussi Anne
Published: September 2019

The conserved RNA helicase Vasa is required for germ cell development in many organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster loss of PIWI-interacting RNA pathway components, including Vasa, causes Chk2-dependent oogenesis arrest. However, whether the arrest is due to Chk2 signaling at a specific stage and whether continuous Chk2 signaling is required for the arrest is unknown. Here, we show that absence of Vasa during the germarial stages causes Chk2-dependent oogenesis arrest. Additionally, we report the age-dependent decline of the ovariole number both in flies lacking Vasa expression only in the germarium and in loss-of-function vasa mutant flies. We show that Chk2 activation exclusively in the germarium is sufficient to interrupt oogenesis and to reduce ovariole number in aging flies. Once induced in the germarium, Chk2-mediated arrest of germ cell development cannot be overcome by restoration of Vasa or by downregulation of Chk2 in the arrested egg chambers. These findings, together with the identity of Vasa-associated proteins identified in this study, demonstrate an essential role of the helicase in the germ cell lineage maintenance and indicate a function of Vasa in germline stem cell homeostasis.
Influence of Noninvasive Respiratory Support Techniques on Gas Exchange in Cardiac Surgical Patients Suffering from Post-Operative Respiratory Failure
Authors: Eremenko A. A. , Polyakova Р. V. , Vyzhigina M. A.
Published: September 2019

Respiratory failure (RF) after tracheal extubation occurs in 5–25% of cardiac surgical patients. Various noninvasive respiratory support techniques are available for RF treatment.

The purpose of the studyis a comparative assessment of the effect on gas exchange of oxygen inhalation through a mask with noninvasive airway positive pressure mask ventilation, and high-flow lung ventilation during post-extubation respiratory failure in cardiac surgical patients.

Materials and methods.52 cardiac surgical patients with post-extubation respiratory failure (mean age 61 (55–67) years) were included in the study. Respiratory failure critera were as follows: PaO2/FiO2 _ 300 mm Hg or SpO2 _ 88% during room air breathing. Exclusion criteria included presentation of pleural effusion in patients, pneumothorax, diaphragm paresis. Every patient was subjected consecutively to arterial blood gases test during room air breathing, low-flow oxygen therapy using a mask with a pre-volume bag, high-flow ventilation (HFNC), and noninvasive positive pressure mask ventilation (NIPPV). Each method was applied during 1 hour prior to the test. Respiratory rate (RR) and capillary blood saturation (SpO2) were monitored throughout the whole study.

Results.PaO2/FiO2 during low-flow oxygen therapy was equal to 171 (137–243) mm Hg. At the background of HFNC, this index increased to 235 (183–305) mm Hg (P=0.00004), and upon transfer to NIPPV — to 228 (180–288) mm Hg (P=0.000028). SpO2 during HFNC and NIPPV increased from 95 (93–98)% to 98 (96–99)% (P=0.000006) and 97 (95–98)%, respectively (P=0.000006 andP=0.000069). PaCO2 was higher during oxygen mask breathing compared to air breathing: 41 (37–44) mm Hg and 38 (34–42) mm Hg, correspondingly,P=0.0017. Upon transfer to HFNC, PaCO2 lowered on average by 10% (37 (33–39) mm Hg,P=0.0000001), to NIPPV — by 7% (38 (36–42) mm Hg,P=0,0015). Differences were also significant when compred RR during oxygen mask breathing (20 (16–24) respirations/minute) vs. HFNC (16 (12–20) respirations/minute,P=0.0) and vs. NIPPV (18 (16–20) respirations/minute,P=0.018). Comparison of HFNC vs. NIPPV revealed reliable difference in RR (16 (12–20) respirations/minute against 18 (16-20) respirations/minute,P=0.016), PaCO2 (37 (33–39) mm Hg against 38 (36–42) mm Hg,P=0.0034), and SpO2 (98 (96–99)% against 97 (95–98)%,P=0.022).

Conclusion.HFNC and NIPPV exert a similar positive effect on the oxygenating function of lungs and gas exchange in cardiac surgical patients with post-extubation respiratory failure. Compared to NIPPV, high-flow ventilation renders most significant positive effect on elimination of CO2, RR and SpO2, and is better tolerated by patients.
Epidemiology of Sepsis in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a Multi-Specialty Hospital (Experimental Study)
Authors: Tyurin I. N. , Avdeikin S. N. , Protsenko D. N. , Cherpakov R. A. , Mullakaeva G. M. , Kozlov I. A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: to investigate the epidemiology of sepsis in patients with different locations of the infection focus, who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a multi-specialty hospital in 2014 and 2016.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of examination and treatment of 860 patients admitted to ICU of a multi-specialty hospital with the diagnosis ‘sepsis’ in 2014 and 2016 was carried out. Sepsis was diagnosed pursuant to the Sepsis-2 Guidelines and verified by blood procalcitonin test. The gender, age, main diagnosis, patient’s severity at the time of admission to ICU, duration in ICU, and peculiarities of intensive care and outcomes were studied.

Results. Sepsis was diagnosed at admission in 2014 in 361 (8.6%) patients out of 4175 patients, in 2016 — in 499 (10.5%) out of 4726 patients who were admitted to ICU and had infection foci of different location. Abdominal sepsis was diagnosed in 72.3% of patients, pulmonary — in 19.7%; in 8% of patients, sepsis complicated the terminal stage of various, mostly oncological, diseases. In 2016, sepsis detectability at admission to ICU increased by 22.1% vs. the 2014 level assumed as 100% (χ2=9.281; P=0.003). In case of the abdominal sepsis, mortality amounted to 50.3% and was not different from mortality in pulmonary sepsis — 52.1% (χ2=0,163; P=0.687). The ICU in-patient duration in case of pulmonary sepsis was considerably longer than in case of abdominal. The age was a predictor of mortality in case of abdominal sepsis (the age older than 65 years predicted the risk of lethal outcome with sensitivity equal to 58.8% and specificity equal to 59.9%), which was not true for pulmonary sepsis. The mortality prognosis during abdominal sepsis was improved by combined analysis of the SOFA score and patient’s age at admission: AUROC of the combined index was equal to 0.816 (95%-confidence interval: 0.783–0.846). Depending on the infection focus location, specificity of influence rendered on mortality by different clinical indices and management methods was determined.

Conclusion. Patients admitted to ICU with sepsis represent a group of a high mortality risk amounting to 50% approximately. During chronological analysis, sepsis detectability increases but mortality does not change. Patients with pulmonary sepsis at admission to ICU are characterized by a greater severity of condition due to multiple organ failure than in case of abdominal sepsis; in such patients it is impossible to predict the risk of mortality based on APACHE II and SOFA score. Taking into account heterogeneity of the sepsis patient population, deepening of the knowledge about peculiarities of pathogenesis and clinical pattern of abdominal and pulmonary sepsis is the basic requirement for improvement of the results of treatment of this complication.
Repercusiones del Dolor Crónico en las Dinámicas de Pareja: Perspectivas de Mujeres con Fibromialgia
Authors: Sanabria Mazo Juan Pablo , Gers Estrada Mariana
Published: September 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender las repercusiones del dolor crónico en las dinámicas de pareja, desde la perspectiva de mujeres con fibromialgia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico interpretativo en el cual se entrevistó a 15 mujeres. Las participantes reportaron inconformidad con el cambio de su rol en la relación. Además, ocultar el dolor fue una estrategia para evitar la sobreprotección y los conflictos. Las repercusiones en la percepción de la relación, los espacios compartidos, el apoyo de la pareja, la comunicación y la sexualidad se asociaron con la interferencia de los síntomas. Finalmente, la aparición de la enfermedad fue una oportunidad para fortalecer o fragmentar la relación.
Diferencias de Género en Distintas Dimensiones del Vínculo Humano-Perro: Estudio Descriptivo en Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Authors: Díaz Videla Marcos , Olarte María Alejandra
Published: September 2019

Las mujeres parecen presentar más respuestas de afecto positivo hacia los animales. Sin embargo, hombres y mujeres refieren tener un vínculo intenso con sus mascotas. Los estudios sobre el tema han recibido diversos cuestionamientos. Considerando esto, se realizó un estudio descriptivo que comparó hombres y mujeres adultos custodios de perros (n=425) en tres grupos etarios (i.e., jóvenes, mediana edad y mayores), en seis dimensiones relacionales (i.e., interacción, cercanía emocional, costos, antropomorfismo, voluntad de adaptación y beneficios). Las mujeres mostraron mayores puntajes de cercanía emocional y antropomorfismo. Además, solo los hombres jóvenes mostraron mayor percepción de costos que las mujeres jóvenes. No se observaron diferencias en las demás dimensiones de acuerdo con el sexo del custodio. Se discute la significancia de los resultados considerando algunos aspectos sociocognitivos potencialmente implicados.
Compromiso, Autorregulación e Intimidad en Parejas en Cohabitación: un Estudio Exploratorio en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Ripoll-Nuñez Karen Judith , Cifuentes Acosta Juan Esteban
Published: September 2019

Este estudio exploratorio examinó los efectos de razones para cohabitar, residencia antes de cohabitar, y duración de la relación en la autorregulación relacional, compromiso, e intimidad en uniones consensuales en Bogotá, Colombia. Una muestra autoseleccionada de 60 individuos (26 hombres y 34 mujeres) respondieron A cuestionarios de autorreporte en línea. Los resultados del MANOVA indicaron efectos de tres interacciones significativas (Sexo*Razones; Sexo*Residencia; Residencia*Razones) sobre la autorregulación. La duración de la relación tuvo un efecto significativo en el compromiso de tipo restricciones. Se presentan las implicaciones de estos resultados tanto para la investigación sobre cohabitación, como para las intervenciones clínicas para parejas que cohabitan.
Editorial
Authors: Corredor Javier
Published: September 2019

Los sistemas de clasificación de revistas y productos académicos impuestos por Colciencias han impulsado múltiples conversaciones, algunas de ellas de profunda belleza conceptual. Una de estas conversaciones gira alrededor de la idea según la cual darle un rol privilegiado a las revistas en los sistemas de medición va en detrimento de la calidad académica de la investigación. Dicha idea surge del supuesto de que los libros, y no los artículos, son los espacios donde se construye verdadera teoría, “las grandes ideas”, y que quienes usamos los artículos como medio primordial de comunicación somos, de alguna manera, intelectuales de segundo nivel. Desde esta visión, se considera que, de un lado, están los verdaderos pensadores, aquellos que escriben libros, y, del otro, se encuentran las hormigas obreras, los cargadores de ladrillos de la academia, quienes en “articulitos” simplemente establecen precedentes empíricos de poco vuelo conceptual.
The Mithraeum at Kempraten (CH) – Preliminary Results from a New Discovery in 2015/16
Authors: Lo Russo Sarah , Ackermann Regula , Flück Hannes , Peter Markus
Published: September 2019

During rescue excavations carried out near the vicus at Kempraten (municipality of Rapperswil-Jona, St. Gallen, Switzerland) in advance of a private construction project, a Mithraeum measuring approximately 8 by 10 m was unexpectedly discovered in the summer of 2015 and subsequently excavated and investigated in detail. This paper presents the preliminary results of the excavation, which was completed less than a year ago, and pays particular attention to the interdisciplinary approach used in the excavation. These included intense sampling of the features for the purposes of micromorphology and archaeobiology. Three construction phases with intermittent conflagrations were identified. The question as to whether there was an ante-chamber remains unanswered. The external areas are also quite difficult to interpret, at least for the time being. The rich assemblage of finds, which included numerous coins, pottery, animal bones and a range of religious artefacts (e.g. altars and a half relief), will only be dealt with in a cursory manner here. According to the range of coins, the Mithraeum undoubtedly dated from the late 3rd to the late 4th or early 5th centuries. The site will be analysed by an interdisciplinary team and preliminary work is already underway.
Between Metropolis and Wilderness: The Topography of Mithraea in Ager Poetoviensis
Authors: Preložnik Andrej , Nestorović Aleksandra
Published: September 2019

Traces of Mithraism in Slovenia are represented by a large number of Mithraea and finds of altars and stones carved with Mithraic symbols. Some of these have been systematically studied and are quite well-known, others are poorly documented and less known. This difference is largely a consequence of factors from antiquity, such as the social status of the dedicators of the monuments and the choice of the location.

Our contribution focuses on the location of these shrines in north-eastern Slovenia, especially at Drava Plain and Ager of Poetovio, one of the most important Mithraic centres. The questions we explore are: where and in what environment were Mithraea built; what is their relationship to other urban structures, traffic routes, natural resources and topography; and what role do they have in their setting within provincial and city boundaries.

The results of our analysis show the heterogeneity of responses to these questions and, consequently, the vitality of the cult of Mithras in the study area.
Mithras in Etruria
Authors: Luciani Nicola
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article is to cast a light on the nature of the mysteries of Mithras in central Italy, focusing on the administrative division of Roman Etruria. The Regio VII in fact, despite not being the richest Italian area in terms of Mithraic findings, has nevertheless emerged as a privileged territory to observe different aspects of the cult, due to the great variety of its artefacts.

Hence, starting from the material evidence and from its distribution across the region, the social classes that took part in the worship of Mithras are identified. Consequently, the active role played by public officials in promoting the spread of the mysteries is discussed, as well as the cult diffusion among the lower classes, and the interest demonstrated by the aristocratic elites from the Middle/Late Empire.

The conclusion will examine the last phases of the cult in Etruria, showing how the Mithraic mysteries ended following diverse modalities during the first decades of the 5th century AD, sometimes because of violent acts of destruction, and sometimes in a peaceful manner.
New Reliefs from Veii and Mithraic Reliefs from Etruria (Regio VII): Iconography, Chronology and Archaeological Context
Authors: Fusco Ugo
Published: September 2019

This paper discusses the Mithraic reliefs found in Etruria (Regio VII). The reliefs are analysed and their iconographic, archaeological and chronological features compared with a view to advancing new proposals on the cult of Mithras in the area concerned. The paper focuses first on the new Mithraic relief discovered in Veii and discusses the presence of a specific object that constitutes the most original iconographic feature of the relief. It can be seen aligned behind Mithras' head, which obscures its central part: considering its shape and the presence of the quiver over Mithras' right shoulder, the object can be identified as a bow. The object's specific position, probably connected to the symbolic importance of the bow in the mysteries of Mithras, is unique not only among Mithraic reliefs but also in the surviving Mithraic evidence from the Roman world. The other reliefs from Etruria are analysed, with a brief description of the type of iconography, the chronology and archaeological context of each piece. Comparing the reliefs allows us to pinpoint differences in size, style and chronology, highlighting the uniqueness of the new relief from Veii. These differences can be put down to factors that are yet to be examined in more detail, connected to the clients and the workshops operating in the region. The study concludes that the Veii relief can be considered not only the oldest and most stylistically refined of these pieces, but also one of the earliest attestations of the cult of Mithras in Etruria.
New records amplify the geographical distribution of Rondonops biscutatus Colli et al., 2015 (Squamata, Sauria, Gymnophthalmidae) into the Paraguay river basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Diogo da Silva Odair , Martins da Costa Thatiane , Silva Alves Vancleber Divino , Correa Fermiano Eder , Mudrek Jessica Rhaiza , Ramos Brum Bruno , Camara Gusmão Almério , Alves Nogueira Olinda Maira , Dalbem Barbosa Ana Paula , Souto Hall Silva Joselaine , Carniello Maria Antonia , Alves Ignácio Áurea Regina , Muniz Claumir César , Dos Santos Filho Manoel , José da Silva Dionei
Published: September 2019

Rondonops biscutatus is a gymnophthalmid litter-lizard which occurs in the Amazon rainforests and the transitional areas between Amazonia and Cerrado. This species’ distribution is strongly biased by a lack of data, possibly because it was recently described, small-bodied, and living in cryptic habits. Here, we present occurrence data of six specimens from four locations in transitional areas between forests in Amazonia and Cerrado (central Brazil), in the upper Paraguay River, at the northern end of the Pantanal, midwestern Brazil. We expand the distribution of this species 507 km east from its original range.​
Haunted Mountains, Supershelters, and the Afterlives of Cold War Infrastructure
Authors: Pike David
Published: September 2019

A dominant architectural form in the global North since the end of the Second World War, the deep-level supershelters, command centers, and hidden fortifications built within mountains mobilize an ambivalent imaginary called here the ‘bunker fantasy’. This cluster of images is simultaneously technologized and sacred. During the Cold War, imagined mountain bunkers in nuclear war fiction are shown to be haunted by what they exclude. After the Cold War, repurposed mountain-side bunkers and installations invoke new forms of the sacred as part of their reckoning with the past. Because the nuclear condition works against a progressive sense of history, it permits previously discredited or marginalized beliefs to begin recirculating in a new context. Through sacred mountains like Mount Shasta, the apocalyptic prospect of nuclear war becomes just one element within a cosmic and cyclical history that imagines alternate possibilities for the twentieth century.
Whitney A. Bauman (ed.), 'Meaningful Flesh: Reflections on Religion and Nature for a Queer Planet'
Authors: Keller Mary
Published: September 2019

Whitney A. Bauman (ed.), Meaningful Flesh: Reflections on Religion and Nature for a Queer

Planet (Goleta, CA: Punctum Books, 2018), 149 pp., $19.00 (pbk), ISBN: 9781947447325.
Outros tons do sertanejo:misoginia e feminícidio como marcas do cancioneiro rural brasileiro
Authors: Bruck Mozahir Salomão , Coelho Damiany
Published: September 2019

A prevalência do viés romântico do estilo sertanejo brasileiro não é difícil de perceber. Esta, aliás, é considerada uma de suas principais características. Mas mostra-se elucidativo, também, buscar rastrear exemplos, neste mesmo cancioneiro, de traços e elementos de misoginia e de estereotipização da figura feminina presentes em  algumas dessas canções consideradas românticas. No caso deste artigo, interessa-nos discutir alguns desses estereótipos que foram construídos e reproduzidos através da música sertaneja, observados aqui, especialmente, no contexto da violência contra a mulher. Para tanto, analisamos as letras de quatro músicas que se tornaram sucesso ao longo das últimas décadas, buscando nelas perceber os diferentes modos de idealização da mulher advindos de uma condição subalterna a qual ela foi submetida ao longo dos tempos, condição que se reflete nos dias de hoje.
Mídia digital e formação da preferência eleitoral
Authors: Lins Bernardo Estellita
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem um caráter prospectivo e compila conjecturas que já se encontram disponíveis a respeito da condução de campanhas eleitorais vitoriosas nos últimos anos. Examina-se a transição no uso da mídia em eleições majoritárias, buscando descrever os mecanismos subjacentes ao uso eficiente das redes sociais na última década. Um modelo descritivo é esboçado, tentando incorporar alguns aspectos de operacionalização de campanhas. Busca-se explicar como a relação entre equipes de campanha, consultorias especializadas em análise de dados e provedores de aplicação tornou-se um ativo essencial para uma comunicação de campanha eleitoral bem operacionalizada.
Multi-Task Deep Reinforcement Learning with PopArt
Authors: Hessel Matteo , Soyer Hubert , Espeholt Lasse , Czarnecki Wojciech , Schmitt Simon , Van Hasselt Hado
Published: September 2019

The reinforcement learning (RL) community has made great strides in designing algorithms capable of exceeding human performance on specific tasks. These algorithms are mostly trained one task at the time, each new task requiring to train a brand new agent instance. This means the learning algorithm is general, but each solution is not; each agent can only solve the one task it was trained on. In this work, we study the problem of learning to master not one but multiple sequentialdecision tasks at once. A general issue in multi-task learning is that a balance must be found between the needs of multiple tasks competing for the limited resources of a single learning system. Many learning algorithms can get distracted by certain tasks in the set of tasks to solve. Such tasks appear more salient to the learning process, for instance because of the density or magnitude of the in-task rewards. This causes the algorithm to focus on those salient tasks at the expense of generality. We propose to automatically adapt the contribution of each task to the agent’s updates, so that all tasks have a similar impact on the learning dynamics. This resulted in state of the art performance on learning to play all games in a set of 57 diverse Atari games. Excitingly, our method learned a single trained policy - with a single set of weights - that exceeds median human performance. To our knowledge, this was the first time a single agent surpassed human-level performance on this multi-task domain. The same approach also demonstrated state of the art performance on a set of 30 tasks in the 3D reinforcement learning platform DeepMind Lab.
The Oncology Data Network (ODN): A Collaborative European Data-Sharing Platform to Inform Cancer Care
Authors: Kerr David , Arnold Dirk , Blay Jean-Yves , Buske Christian , Carrato Alfredo , Gerritsen Winald , Peeters Marc
Published: September 2019

The rise of precision oncology has made clinical decision making more complex than ever before. The Oncology Data Network was established to enable the clinical community to efficiently access potentially practice-changing insights from an extended network of cancer centers. This article describes the progress to date and calls for greater collaboration.
Международная деятельность Евразийской экономической комиссии в сфере АПК
Authors: Бубен Станислав Брониславович , Аверьянова Елена Георгиевна
Published: September 2019

Определены цели, задачи, основные направления, формы и результаты сотрудничества Евразийской экономической комиссии с международными организациями и объединениями, а также с третьими странами, в частности с Венгрией и Аргентиной. Особое внимание уделено вопросам взаимодействия с ФАО, которое позволяет на основе использования передового опыта в рамках реализации различных направлений согласованной агропромышленной политики стран Евразийского экономического союза повысить конкурентоспособность аграрно-продовольственного экспорта, развивать кооперацию в сельском хозяйстве, разрабатывать новые и совершенствовать действующие стандарты по фитосанитарным мерам, развивать биотехнологии и селекцию сельскохозяйственных растений и животных, повысить уровень безопасности пищевых продуктов в Евразийском экономическом союзе.
Международное экономическое сотрудничество для преодоления цифрового неравенства
Authors: Смирнов Евгений Николаевич
Published: September 2019

Проанализированы возможности, представляемые цифровыми технологиями с точки зрения извлечения дополнительной выгоды развивающимися странами, а также выявления направлений экономического сотрудничества стран, которое будет способствовать преодолению цифрового неравенства. В результате проведенного анализа сформулирован основной вывод: дефицит цифровой инфраструктуры, слабость инновационной политики развивающихся стран, а также отсутствие должного международного сотрудничества в цифровой сфере являются ключевыми детерминантами продолжающегося отставания одних стран от других.
Single Cell Dissociation of Small Tumor Biopsies v1
Authors: Maynard Ashley
Published: September 2019

Dissociate small core biopies into single cells.
The Movement Planning of Mobile Robots in Performing Search Task Based on Probability Theory
Authors: Zenkevich S. L. , Nazarova А. V. , Zhai Meixin
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the development of searching and covering task in different areas, for example, for extinguishing fires, during search operations in the air, on the ground, etc. Two probabilistic models were created based on the characteristics of the sensors and the search zone, that is, the probability density of the target position and the conditional probability of detecting the target by the sensor under the conditions that the target is at the point of observation (depending on the distance between the sensor and the point of observation). Based on these models, the parameters and the search procedure were analyzed; more precisely, the relationship and formulas between the target detection probability, the search time and other parameters were found. The main difference of the proposed research lies in the fact that by optimizing the obtained relations and formulas it is possible to obtain an optimal distribution of time in the search process, as a result, to increase the probability of target detection. In the research process, at first, the case where the distribution probability of target position in the search area represents a discrete form (network map) is investigated, then a formula for the probability of target detection in a discrete and continuous probe is obtained. Using the method of Lagrange multipliers and dynamic programming, the optimal distribution of search time in each cell was obtained. Further, according to the result obtained, the study was expanded to a continuous distribution probability of target position in the search area, the functional probability of detecting the target of search time, probability density of target and the search trajectory (velocity) was derivated. As a result of solving this functional, for a given search time and probability density distribution of target, optimal control (trajectory and speed) was obtained. The simulation confirmed the efficiency of the proposed search method. The simulation result shows that the greater the probability density of target and the slower the agent’s movement speed, the greater the probability of target detection, for some values of the search parameters, the difference in probabilities of target detection reaches 75.3 %.
Comparison of Magnetic Flux Density for Six-Phase and Three-Phase Induction Motor using COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Faeq Dastan , Raafat Jwan , Ali Mohammed
Published: September 2019

The basic design of induction motors has not changed in the last years, with latest and good insulation materials, pre-simulation for design, computer optimization techniques in design and using automated manufacturing devices have resulted in motors of less cost per kW, heating reduction and smaller physical size. Due to standards by International of physical dimensions and frame sizes the motors from most manufacturers are physically interchangeable and they have similar performance characteristics, dimensions and electrical distribution of multiphase coils are affecting on magnetic field density, because of difficulty in measuring magnetic flux in each point of the machine computer simulations help in machine design to demonstrate and adjustments in magnetic flux distribution. Three-phase and six-phase induction motor electromagnetic models are developed in two-dimensions in the finite element method based software-tool Computer Solutions (COMSOL) Multiphysics. Frequency domain simulation result obtained magnetic field density comparison between three phase and six phase induction motors.
STUDY OF VEGF-A AND TGF-Β LEVELS IN BIOPTATES OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE TONGUE AND MOUTH FLOOR MUCOSA IN POLYCHEMOTHERAPY WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES – CETUXIMAB
Authors: Kit O. I. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Neskubina I. V. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Lyanova A. A. , Pogorelova Yu. A. , Shalashnaya E. V. , Еngibaryan M. A. , Sidorenko Yu. S.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of VEGF-A and TGF-β growth factors in tumor tissue bioptates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity depending on the effectiveness of polychemotherapy targeted therapy with cetuximab. Patients and methods. The study included 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and mouth floor mucosa (T3-4N0-1M0). All patients received 2 cycles of therapy: cisplatin 100 mg/m2 , intravenously, day 1, 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2 /day, intravenously, 96-hour continuous infusion in combination with targeted therapy (cetuximab 400 mg/ m2 on day 1 in a loading dose, then 250 mg/m2 on days 8 and 15). Patients were divided into two subgroups: target sensitivity of patients (partial regression and stabilization) n = 17 and target resistance (progression) n = 13. Levels of growth factors VEGF-A and TGF-β were determined in tumor tissue bioptates by ELISA using standard test systems (Bender Med System, Austria). Statistical processing of results was performed using the Statistica 6.0 program (Stat-Soft, 2001). Results. Polychemotherapy with cetuximab in some patients (n = 13), antitumor therapy with cetuximab did not result in statistically significant changes in levels of VEGF-A, TGF-β and the VEGF-A/TGF-β ratio compared to the initial values. In other patients (n = 17), the studied markers in tumor tissue bioptates were statistically significantly different from the initial values: VEGF-A was decreased by 1.46 times, TGF-β by 2.96 times, while the VEGF-A/TGF-β ratio was twice elevated. Conclusions. The results on levels of growth factors VEGF-A and TGF-β, as well as the VEGF-A/TGF-β ratio, are of a certain prognostic value and can be used as criteria for evaluating the efficacy of antitumor therapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and mouth floor mucosa.
A pesquisa jurídica: para além da revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Pinheiro Priscila Tinelli , Francischetto Gilsilene Passon P.
Published: September 2019

Desde a sua criação, os cursos jurídicos trazem como marcas do colonialismo a ausência da pesquisa, ou a sua restrição à revisão bibliográfica. No entanto, esta permanência histórica, fundada no tradicionalismo do ensino jurídico, precisa ser superada, tendo em vista que a complexidade da realidade social, objeto do direito, necessita da utilização de variados tipos de pesquisa para sua devida compreensão. Por meio da análise da entrevista, da história de vida e da observação participante, como técnicas alternativas à pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, discute-se a importância da investigação no curso de direito com base no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão, além de verificar as formas pelas quais a pesquisa jurídica pode se aproximar da realidade social que se propõe a estudar. Objetiva-se, por último, apresentar as modalidades de entrevista, os principais traços da pesquisa do tipo observação participante e a utilização da história de vida na pesquisa jurídica, tomando por base as exigências estabelecidas pela resolução nº 466/12, que instituiu a obrigatoriedade da aprovação das pesquisas que envolvem seres humanos por comitês de ética. Utilizaram-se, como principais referenciais teóricos, as obras de Verena Alberti (2004), Antônio Carlos Gil (2002), Marcos Masetto (2003) e Michel Thiollent (1998). Como principais resultados, destaca-se a necessidade de diversificação a fim de consolidar e ampliar o horizonte das pesquisas jurídicas.
O fenômeno do superendividamento do consumidor no contexto de desigualdade social no Brasil
Authors: Verbicaro Dennis , Nunes Luiza Correa Colares
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo, pelo método dedutivo, por meio de pesquisa teórico- bibliográfica nacional e estrangeira, objetiva compreender as principais causas e consequências do superendividamento dentro do contexto de desigualdade social no Brasil, de modo a compreender que o mesmo não incorre em um problema unicamente da classe baixa, mas de toda a sociedade. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se também a compreensão dos aspectos comportamentais dos indivíduos e o afastamento da responsabilidade exclusiva do ente sobre a condição de superendividamento. Em conclusão, o trabalho propõe alterativas, como o aprimoramento dos deveres informacionais do fornecedor, o controle da oferta do crédito e a promoção de educação financeira ao consumidor.
Responsabilidade da administração pública na terceirização dos serviços: análise sobre o ônus da prova
Authors: Perez Daisy Doro , Oliveira Lourival José de
Published: September 2019

O objeto deste artigo é a análise da responsabilidade subsidiária da administração pública pelo inadimplemento das obrigações trabalhistas nos casos de terceirização dos serviços e a questão do ônus da prova da sua culpa. O estudo justifica-se após a decisão do STF no recurso extraordinário nº 760.931-DF e objetiva perquirir a quem incumbe o ônus da prova nesse caso, os possíveis prejuízos aos trabalhadores e os riscos de violação aos princípios constitucionais, decorrentes da terceirização desenfreada. No decorrer do estudo, constatou-se que subsiste a responsabilidade subsidiária, desde que comprovada a culpa da administração, não tendo o STF se posicionado definitivamente acerca do ônus da prova; é dificultoso ao trabalhador produzir a referida prova, justificando-se a inversão do ônus probatório em seu favor; há possibilidade de violação dos princípios da administração pública e risco adicional da precarização da condição dos trabalhadores. Adotou-se o método dedutivo, com pesquisas jurisprudenciais, legislativas e doutrinárias.
THE VOICED CONSONANTS’ L AND R PRONUNCIATION CORRECTION OF 5 – 6 YEARS OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Upeniece Jolanta
Published: September 2019

Language development disorders in preschool tend to increase year by year. 5-6 years old children have to acquire a correct pronunciation. It is looked upon a correction of sound L and R pronunciation in a paper. Not pronouncing these sounds makes it difficult to acquire a reading and writing skills, which in time may cause learning and socializing disorders. That is why it is important to obtain a correct pronunciation of all sounds at the age of 5-6 years. The paper’s aim is to analyse the efficiency of methodological material about the voiced consonants L and R automation and differentiation for 5-6 years old children. The obtained data were coded and processed by the SPSS programme.
ADOLESCENT’S ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR DECREASE OPPORTUNITIES AT SCHOOL
Authors: Zuša Karīna
Published: September 2019

Prevalence of addictive behavior among young people is very rapid. Different preventive measures are being taken in schools to reduce addictive behavior, but often the youth age is the time when they want to experiment and self-testify using different intoxicants and often the form of organizing these preventive measures is not binding and effective for young people. The aim of the research is to reduce the addictive behavior of socio-pedagogical activity by developing social skills for young people. Research Methods: interviewing, questionnaires, mathematical processing of data. Mainly young people are starting to use addictive substances as a result of peer pressure, having problems with friends, out of curiosity, and family problems. However, the knowledge of the consequences discourages use of various intoxicating substances, the control of the parents, the fear and the fact that their friends also do not use. Skill, no, decision-making skills, critical thinking skills, skills to protect your opinion, and reasonable talk skills help refrain from using addictive substances.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND TERRITORIAL REFORM OF LATGALE IN THE CONTEXT OF NAUTRENI PARISH (1917–2016)
Authors: Zubko-Melne Andra , Ivanovs Aleksandrs
Published: September 2019

Major part of Public Administration are administrative territorial divisions. The original territorial classification of Latgale developed over a long cultural and historical time period. During the period of Soviet occupation changes in territorial breakdown occurred more frequently, adapting to USSR model. This article gives a general insight in reforms of administrative territorial classification of Latgale, starting from 1917 until 2016. In this article Nautreni parish, part of Rezekne municipality, is used as an example to explore these reforms in more detail. So far in studies territorial reforms in Latvia are reflected only in general without going into local scale of territorial boundary changes. But the local history research is vital to get better understanding of the historical concept and important part of this research are archive materials.
LŪZNAVA MANOR AND ITS PEOPLE 19th–20th CENTURIES
Authors: Brīvere Inese
Published: September 2019

The present research is performed based on the method of source analysis with the objective to study cultural history heritage of the manor at the end of XIX century. Stanisław Kierbedź purchased this property in 1870. The Kierbedź family purchased Naudvaris (pl. Nowy Dwór) Manor in 1789. The old castle only remained authentic nowadays. In the Latvian State Historical Archives case 731, description 174, fund 1679 “The Project of Division of Dluzneva Manor’s” there is a notice that the manor consisted of 42 buildings. Earlier documents (questionnaires of All-Russian population census in 1897) contain information about older manor construction with 11 buildings which were once purchased by the privy counsellor S.Kierbedź. In the manor every person was registered in a book – name, sex, kinship, age, family state, rank, belief, place of birth, mother tongue, education and occupation were recorded. Most of seventy-three people of Lūznava Manor and village of Jaudzemki were farmers.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF RAILWAY LINE CONNECTION BETWEEN KAUNAS FEZ AND KAUNAS INTERMODAL TERMINAL
Authors: Glušakovas Artūras , Ganelinas Aidas Aurelijus , Jankauskaitė Simona
Published: September 2019

Throughout the last decade, development in the logistics sphere is clearly visible. New logistics centers are being built. Trains, ships and road transport transfers cargos every day. Research shows that apparently in Lithuania most developed transportation method is car transport (Palšaitis, 2005). However, modernization of railway track and railway infrastructure, allows more and more companies to choose transportation by railways, which can help distribute cargos in bigger quantities and significantly reduced costs (Vilkevičius, 2012). Therefore this article tries to reveal the need for railway connection between Kaunas Free Economic Zone and the Intermodal Terminal of Kaunas and its future benefits.
RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF THE SUPPLY OF LUZNAVA MANOR OF REZEKNE DISTRICT
Authors: Semule Ingūna , Silicka Inese , Litavniece Lienīte
Published: September 2019

The author research main criteria which impact tourist decision. Tourism offer can characterize from hospitality management aspect – it’s mean that important role in competition among tourism companies has supply. This article show results of diploma paper where was research offer of Luznava’s Manor (Rezekne district). It’s a new tourism object in this region and for successful development it’s necessary to make clear development strategy. This research focused on discovering existing situation. Because author organize survey among Luznava Mannor visitors to know their reason about Manor, offers etc.questions. The main results show that manager of Luznava Manor must pay attention how visitors receive information, what kind of offers they would like to see etc. Within the results obtained through research analysis the author summarizes views of respondents in regard to formation of a multifunctional offer Luznava manor and evaluates the furthering of the current supply offers towards the market.
THE INTERACTION OF LAND MARKET AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES
Authors: Slavika Sintija , Volkova Jeļena , Čerpinska Aija
Published: September 2019

In the research are discovered land market specificity and development trends, are determined influencing factors of the economy and factors of land market development trends, which can influencing the process in Latvian economy. In conclusion, there are forward proposals for future of land market and economy development in Latvia.