bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Rational Crystal Orientation and Tunable Sulfur Vacancy on Metal‐Sulfides toward Advanced Ultrafast Ion‐Storage Capability
Authors: Zhao Wenqing , Yuan Shaohui , Lei Shuya , Zeng Zihao , Dong Jinfeng , Jiang Feng , Yang Yue , Sun Wei , Ji Xiaobo , Ge Peng
Published: November 2022

Attracted by high energy density and power density, metal‐sulfides anodes have promising application prospects in fast charging batteries. However, they still suffer from low electrical conductivity and sluggish electrochemical kinetics, resulting in poor fast charging capacity. Herein, spindle‐like antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is rationally tailored with favorable (hk1) crystal orientation and rich S‐vacancies using a simple hydrothermal method, which improve electric conductivity significantly. Triggered by S‐vacancies lattice defects, SbOC interfacial bonds and S‐doped carbon layer are built successfully. Under their multiple‐controlling synergistic effects, electrochemical kinetics and reaction reversibility are promoted effectively. As expected, Sb2S3/HTAB@C show high average initial coulombic efficiency of 86.12%, and deliver 624.5 and 428.4 mAh g−1 after cycling 100 cycles at 10.0 and 30.0 A g−1 respectively in Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Electrochemical kinetic analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that superior ultrafast charging capacity originates from quickened interfacial electron/ions transferring and alleviates electrochemical polarization. Ex situ technologies powerfully prove good stability of (hk1) orientation, SbOC bonds and S‐doped carbon layer. Notably, full LIBs of SS/H@C versus LiFePO4@C display 500.9 and 398.3 mAh g−1 at 5.0 and 10.0 A g−1, respectively. This study is anticipated to open avenue to develop advanced metal‐sulfides anodes for fast charging batteries.
Regulating Charge Carrier Recombination in the Interconnecting Layer to Boost the Efficiency and Stability of Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Haidi , Chen Weijie , Yu Yuan , Shen Yunxiu , Yang Heyi , Li Xinqi , Zhang Ben , Chen Haiyang , Cheng Qinrong , Zhang Zhichao , Qin Wei , Chen Jing‐De , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2022

The charge carriers of single‐junction solar cells can be fluently extracted and then collected by electrodes, leading to weak charge carrier accumulation and low energy loss (Eloss). However, in tandem solar cells (TSCs), it is a considerable challenge to obtain a balance between the densities of the holes and electrons extracted from the two respective subcells to facilitate an efficient recombination in the interconnecting layer (ICL). Herein, a charge‐carrier‐dynamic management strategy for inorganic perovskite/organic TSCs is proposed, centered on the simultaneous regulation of the defect states of CsPbI1.9Br1.1 perovskite in the front subcell and hole transport ability from the perovskite to ICL. The target hole density on the perovskite surface and the hole loss before reaching the ICL are significantly improved. As a result, the hole/electron density offset in the ICL can be effectively narrowed, leading to a balanced charge carrier recombination, which reduces the Eloss in TSCs. The resulting inorganic perovskite/organic 0.062‐cm2 TSC exhibits a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.17% with an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.15 V, and the PCE of the 1.004‐cm2 device (21.69%) exhibited a weak size‐dependence. This charge‐carrier‐dynamic management strategy can also effectively enhance the operational and ultraviolet‐light stabilities of the TSCs.
CeOx as Surface Passivation and Hole Transfer Catalyst Layer Boosting Solar Water Oxidation of ZnFe2O4 Nanorods Photoanode
Authors: Maity Dipanjan , Pal Debashish , Saha Soham , Punetha Pooja , Sarkar Debasish , De Debasis , Khan Gobinda Gopal , Mandal Kalyan
Published: November 2022

Severe surface photocarrier recombination and poor electronic conductivity are the major factors behind the sluggish photoelectrochemical water oxidation kinetics of the ZnFe2O4 photoanode. Here, the CeOx catalyst overlayer has been coupled with the reduced ZnFe2O4 nanorods (NRs) to reduce the surface charge recombination on the photoanode significantly. The density functional theory (DFT) studies indicate that the oxygen vacancy defect‐rich CeOx catalyst constructs a favorable band alignment with ZnFe2O4 promoting rapid photocarrier separation and serves as a conducting photocarrier transfer pathway accelerating the hole transportation toward the electrode/electrolyte interface. The ZnFe2O4/CeOx nano‐heterostructure photoanode exhibits a current density of 0.64 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE under AM 1.5 G illumination, which corresponds to >167% increase over that of the ZnFe2O4 NRs photoanode. The CeOx coupling reduces the onset potential cathodically by 180 mV over the ZnFe2O4 NRs photoanode. The ZnFe2O4/CeOx nano‐heterostructure photoanode also exhibits excellent charge transfer efficiency (≈64% at 1.23 V vs RHE) and photostability. The results indicate the superior catalytic performance of oxygen vacancy defect‐rich CeOx in the PEC process. This work demonstrates the multifunctional role of CeOx as a surface passivation overlayer, hole transfer layer, and efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalyst.
Enhanced Electron Correlation and Significantly Suppressed Thermal Conductivity in Dirac Nodal‐Line Metal Nanowires by Chemical Doping
Authors: Coughlin Amanda L. , Pan Zhiliang , Hong Jeonghoon , Zhang Tongxie , Zhan Xun , Wu Wenqian , Xie Dongyue , Tong Tian , Ruch Thomas , Heremans Jean J. , Bao Jiming , Fertig Herbert A. , Wang Jian , Kim Jeongwoo , Zhu Hanyu , Li Deyu , Zhang Shixiong
Published: November 2022

Enhancing electron correlation in a weakly interacting topological system has great potential to promote correlated topological states of matter with extraordinary quantum properties. Here, the enhancement of electron correlation in a prototypical topological metal, namely iridium dioxide (IrO2), via doping with 3d transition metal vanadium is demonstrated. Single‐crystalline vanadium‐doped IrO2 nanowires are synthesized through chemical vapor deposition where the nanowire yield and morphology are improved by creating rough surfaces on substrates. Vanadium doping leads to a dramatic decrease in Raman intensity without notable peak broadening, signifying the enhancement of electron correlation. The enhanced electron correlation is further evidenced by transport studies where the electrical resistivity is greatly increased and follows an unusual dependence on the temperature (T). The lattice thermal conductivity is suppressed by an order of magnitude via doping even at room temperature where phonon‐impurity scattering becomes less important. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the remarkable reduction of thermal conductivity arises from the complex phonon dispersion and reduced energy gap between phonon branches, which greatly enhances phase space for phonon–phonon Umklapp scattering. This work demonstrates a unique system combining 3d and 5d transition metals in isostructural materials to enrich the system with various types of interactions.
Ultrasound‐Driven On‐Demand Transient Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Subcutaneous Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Imani Iman M. , Kim Bosung , Xiao Xiao , Rubab Najaf , Park Byung‐Joon , Kim Young‐Jun , Zhao Pin , Kang Minki , Kim Sang‐Woo
Published: November 2022

To prevent surgical site infection (SSI), which significantly increases the rate morbidity and mortality, eliminating microorganisms is prominent. Antimicrobial resistance is identified as a global health challenge. This work proposes a new strategy to eliminate microorganisms of deep tissue through electrical stimulation with an ultrasound (US)‐driven implantable, biodegradable, and vibrant triboelectric nanogenerator (IBV‐TENG). After a programmed lifetime, the IBV‐TENG can be eliminated by provoking the on‐demand device dissolution by controlling US intensity with no surgical removal of the device from the body. A voltage of ≈4 V and current of ≈22 µA generated from IBV‐TENG under ultrasound in vitro, confirming inactivating ≈100% of Staphylococcus aureus and ≈99% of Escherichia coli. Furthermore, ex vivo results show that IBV‐TENG implanted under porcine tissue successfully inactivates bacteria. This antibacterial technology is expected to be a countermeasure strategy against SSIs, increasing life expectancy and healthcare quality by preventing microorganisms of deep tissue.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Enabled Additive Manufacturing of Multifunctional 3D Architectures with Freeform Structures
Authors: Liu Fu , Gao Yan , Wang Guantao , Wang Dan , Wang Yanan , He Meihong , Ding Xilun , Duan Haibin , Luo Sida
Published: November 2022

3D printing has become an important strategy for constructing graphene smart structures with arbitrary shapes and complexities. Compared with graphene oxide ink/gel/resin based manners, laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is unique for facile and scalable assembly of 1D and 2D structures but still faces size and shape obstacles for constructing 3D macrostructures. In this work, a brand‐new LIG based additive manufacturing (LIG‐AM) protocol is developed to form bulk 3D graphene with freeform structures without introducing extra binders, templates, and catalysts. On the basis of selective laser sintering, LIG‐AM creatively irradiates polyimide (PI) powder‐bed for triggering both particle‐sintering and graphene‐converting processes layer‐by‐layer, which is unique for assembling varied types of graphene architectures including identical‐section, variable‐section, and graphene/PI hybrid structures. In addition to exploring combined graphitizing and fusing discipline, processing efficiency and assembling resolution of LIG‐AM are also balanceable through synergistic control of lasing power and powder‐feeding thickness. By further studying various process dependent properties, a LIG‐AM enabled aircraft‐wing section model is finally printed to comprehensively demonstrate its shiftable process, hybridizable structure, and multifunctional performance including force‐sensing, anti‐icing/deicing, and microwave shielding and absorption.
Ternary Synergism of Heterogeneous M1N4‐C‐M2N4‐C‐M3N4Single‐Atom Sites to Manipulate the Electrocatalytic Pathway for Zn‐Air Battery and Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Anzhou , Su Keying , Lei Wu , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu
Published: November 2022

Ternary metal catalysts hold great promise in complementary functionality and synergistic interplay, which are promising for combined reactions involving multi‐intermediates. However, simultaneously downscaling all three metal species into single‐atom level still remains challenge. Herein, a universal metal encapsulation‐segregation‐overlay strategy is designed to realize the fabrication of heterogeneous M1N4‐C‐M2N4‐C‐M3N4ternary single‐atoms (TSAs)‐based catalysts, with well‐defined configuration and threefold enhancement of single‐atom loading (IrPtCu TSAs, up to 21.24 wt%). Taking non‐precious‐metallic CoN4‐C‐NiN4‐C‐FeN4TSAs for instance, the integration of triple‐decker single‐atoms affords strong electronic reciprocity, with interbedded Ni donating electrons for both Fe and Co, thereby simultaneously enhancing the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution through a “site‐selective master‐servant” mechanism. Thanks to the mutually assisted tri‐functionality, the CoN4‐C‐NiN4‐C‐FeN4TSAs‐electrode takes on alternatating master/servant roles to enable outstanding recyclability for energy devices. This work breaks the obstructions in synthesis and fundamental study of TSAs, providing insights into atomic material design for complicated catalytic reactions.
Calling Ombuds: For Academic Disputes, the Dispute Resolver Must Be Independent from the Institution
Authors: Samuel Adam
Published: November 2022

There are two further issues with university disputes which are connected: the investigation of academic misconduct claims about both students and teachers, and the role of subject‐matter experts.
Selective Lanthanide‐Organic Catalyzed Depolymerization of Nylon‐6 to ϵ‐Caprolactam
Authors: Wursthorn Lukas , Beckett Kristen , Rothbaum Jacob O. , Cywar Robin M. , Lincoln Clarissa , Kratish Yosi , Marks Tobin J.
Published: November 2022

Nylon‐6 is selectively depolymerized to the parent monomer ϵ‐caprolactam by the readily accessible and commercially available lanthanide trisamido catalysts Ln(N(TMS)2)3(Ln=lanthanide). The depolymerization process is solvent‐free, near quantitative, highly selective, and operates at the lowest Nylon‐6 to ϵ‐caprolactam depolymerization temperature reported to date. The catalytic activity of the different lanthanide trisamides scales with the Ln3+ionic radius, and this process is effective with post‐consumer Nylon‐6 as well as with Nylon‐6+polyethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate mixtures. Experimental kinetic data and theoretical (DFT) mechanistic analyses suggest initial deprotonation of a Nylon terminal amido N−H bond, which covalently binds the catalyst to the polymer, followed by a chain‐end back‐biting process in which ϵ‐caprolactam units are sequentially extruded from the chain end.
Towards a Cradle‐to‐Cradle Polyolefin Lifecycle
Authors: Thevenon Arnaud , Vollmer Ina
Published: November 2022

Achieving efficient chemical depolymerization of waste polyolefins to monomers remains an unsolved challenge, while it could be an effective means to avoid further waste accumulation in the environment and generate economic benefits. In a recent publication by Conk et al., polyethylene (PE) is converted to propylene, the second most used monomer in the polymer industry. The conversion is achieved via a tandem catalysis approach in which partially unsaturated PE chains react with ethylene to generate propylene with yields as high as 87 %. The study is a first proof of concept showcasing a selective chemical depolymerization of PE to a monomer. Future research is expected to focus on the catalyst optimization, process design, and compatibility with contaminated and multi‐polymer waste streams.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of green synthesized silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic NPs on BHK‐21 cells and human blood lymphocytes using MTT and comet assay
Authors: Sher Naila , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Khan Rahmat Ali
Published: November 2022

In cancer therapy, nanoparticles (NPs) shall be applied possibly by inoculation in the veins of humans. This action will connect them with white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream before they reach their main targeted cancer cells. However, possible cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects of silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic NPs (Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs) on baby hamster kidney‐21 (BHK‐21) cells and human blood lymphocytes were studied here by comet and MTT assays. Here, Ag, Au, and their Ag/Au BNPs were synthesized by using Hippeastrum hybridum (HH) extract. These NPs were studied by UV‐visible spectroscopy, FT‐IR, XRD, and EDX, and SEM analysis. XRD analysis conferring the crystal structure with an average size of 13.3, 10.72, and 8.34 nm of Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs, respectively. SEM showed that Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs had irregular morphologies, with nano measures calculated sizes of 40, 30, and 20 nm, respectively. EDX spectrometers confirmed the presence of elemental Ag signal of the AgNPs with 22.75%, Au signal of the AuNPs with 48.08%, Ag signal with 12%, and Au signal with 38.26% of the Ag/Au BNPs. The comet assay revealed that H2O2 and BNPs prompt high rates of DNA damage compared to plant, Ag, Au NPs, and nontreated lymphocytes, which are represented as the total comet score (TCS). The BHK‐21cells were incubated in the existence of doxorubicin, plant extract, Ag, Au, and Ag/Au BNPs. The cytotoxic effects could be observed in a dose‐dependent mode; doxorubicin and Ag/Au BNPs were more toxic than plant extract, Ag, and Au NPs. It is demonstrated that NPs interact with blood lymphocytes and BHK‐21cells, causing significant DNA damage and reducing cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, to reduce the potential threats of NPs, further studies are recommended.
Perioperative Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemia After Noncardiac Surgery: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Nursing Implications
Authors: Harris David E.
Published: November 2022

Perioperative acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after noncardiac surgery increases the mortality rate of patients who experience it. Depending on the definition of AMI used and the patient population studied, perioperative AMI occurs in 0.01% to 10% of patients. Most instances of perioperative AMI occur within the first two days after surgery, do not present with classic myocardial infarction symptoms, and are the result of myocardial oxygen supply versus oxygen demand mismatch. Older patients; those with preexisting cardiovascular conditions; those undergoing thoracic, upper abdominal, or major vascular procedures; and those who experience perioperative hemodynamic instability are at particular risk. This article provides a clinically based review of the pathophysiology, perioperative risks, treatment options, outcomes, and nursing implications of perioperative AMI and ischemia. It provides evidence to assist perioperative nurses with meeting the physiologic and safety needs of their patients and highlights the evolving scientific understanding and clinical guidelines to promote current practice.
Quantifying Output Power and Dynamic Charge Distribution in Sliding Mode Freestanding Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Guo Xin , Shao Jiajia , Willatzen Morten , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2022

The general concept of dielectric polarization density (P) is a macroscopic description of the underlying microscopic structure in the presence of an external electric field and polarized materials itself. A time‐dependent polarization PS induced by a non‐electric field also exists in practice due to the mechanically driven relative motion of media owing to the effects of contact electrification or piezoelectricity. In this work, the starting point is to consider the difference between P and PS, and how PS enters into the governing equations, since it describes the dielectric polarization density without an applied electric field, finally modifying the constitutive relations, Faraday's law, and Maxwell's equations. On this background, a 3D mathematical‐physical model for the sliding mode freestanding triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is established that is taken as an example to confirm the relationship of free charge distribution and dynamics of output power. What needs to be emphasized is that the method of segmented uniform charge distribution is effective and the physical basis for modeling construction and analysis. Finally, we summarized the mathematical‐physical models of TENGs in rectangular coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, and spherical coordinates, building a bridge to reveal the underlying principle behind the microscopic polarization and energy conversion.
Quercetin alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage‐induced early brain injury via inhibiting ferroptosis in the rat model
Authors: Jiao Dian , Xu Jianmiao , Lou Chengjian , Luo Yuhuan , Ni Chengtao , Shen Guanghong , Fang Marong , Gong Xiangyang
Published: November 2022

Early brain injury (EBI) refers to a series of pathophysiological brain lesions that occur within 72 hr after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which is an extremely crucial factor in the poor prognosis of patients. In EBI, ferroptosis has been proven to cause neuronal death. Quercetin (QCT) is effective in deactivating reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and even chelating iron, but its role in SAH remains unclear. In this study, the mortality rate, severity grade of SAH, brain water content (BWC), blood–brain barrier permeability, and neurological function of the rats were detected. Moreover, mitochondrial morphology in cortical neurons were observed and their sizes were subsequently quantified. The levels of lipid peroxidation on glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) were determined, whereas the protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), SLC7A11 (xCT), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), and ferroportin‐1 (FPN1) were analyzed by western immunoblotting. The neurodegeneration involved in EBI was investigated by fluoro‐Jade C staining, while iron staining was utilized to measure iron content. Our results showed that inhibition of ferroptosis by QCT could suppress EBI and improve neurological function in SAH rats. QCT increased the expression levels of GPX4, xCT, and FPN1, while downregulated TfR1, and exerted protective effects on neurons as well as alleviated iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the cortex of SAH rats. In conclusion, our study revealed that QCT might alleviate the EBI by inhibiting ferroptosis in SAH rats.
A practice‐based study of cultural humility and well‐being among psychotherapy clients
Authors: Choe Elise J. Y. , Jankowski Peter J. , Sandage Steven J. , Crabtree Sarah A. , Captari Laura E.
Published: November 2022

One trend in psychotherapy research involves examining client factors to better understand change. Some have framed client factors as virtues. Humility is one virtue that has gained attention with evidence that suggests humility may help facilitate therapeutic change. A specific type of humility, cultural humility, however, has not been closely examined as a client factor. Cultural humility is a relational virtue that addresses an individual's ability to be open towards cultural differences and can be helpful in buffering diverse relational dynamics (e.g., student and teacher, family members and friends with different beliefs). In this study, we examined client change in cultural humility and well‐being using group‐based trajectory modelling. We also examined differentiation as a predictor of trajectory membership and compared trajectories on levels of symptoms. Results suggested that a subgroup of clients showed significant increases in cultural humility and well‐being. Further analyses found that clients with higher levels of initial differentiation were more likely to belong to the growth trajectory. This same trajectory also decreased in symptoms over time.
The Ethanol Extract of Syringa oblata Heartwood, a Mongolian Folk Medicine Containing Major Lignans, Exerts Analgesic and Sedative Effects on Mice
Authors: Xu Jixuan , Tai Badalahu , Jiao Shungang , Wuken Shana , Chen Hongying , Chen Panlong , Zhang Zefeng , Gao Xiaoli , Chai Xingyun
Published: November 2022

The heartwood of Syringa oblata Lindl. (SO) is one of Mongolian folk medicines to treat insomnia and pain, while its pharmacological evaluation and underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, the sedative effect of ethanol extract of SO (ESO) was evaluated with the locomotor activity test and the threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium‐induced sleep test in mice, and the hot plate test, acetic acid‐induced writhing test, and formalin test in mice were used to evaluate its analgesic effect. The underlying mechanism of ESO analgesia was explored by RT‐PCR and western blot analysis, which is associated with the regulation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Besides, the main constituents of ESO were characterized by LC/MS data analysis and comparison with isolated pure compounds. The current findings brought evidence for clinical application and further pharmacological and phytochemical studies on SO.
Isolated schwannoma originating from the infraorbital nerve: A case report
Authors: Shafie Mahan , Mayeli Mahsa , Rajabi Mohammad Taher
Published: November 2022

As a benign isolated and encapsulated tumor originating from the nerve sheaths, schwannomas rarely appear on the cranial nerves, among which infraorbital nerve schwannomas are highly uncommon. We report a case of isolated infraorbital nerve schwannoma in a 58‐year‐old male patient with a clinical manifestation of proptosis in the affected eye.
Functional denture obturator for marsupialization of residual cyst: A novel approach
Authors: Etemadi Sh Milad , Aghamohseni MohammadMostafa , Norouzi Atefeh , Sadeghi Sarina , Ranjbarian Parisa
Published: November 2022

In this report, we have introduced a novel technique for marsupialization treatment in a 50‐year‐old edentulous female patient with residual cysts in the mandibular bone. The clinical symptoms and para‐clinical founding in addition to the surgical procedure and post‐operative outcome have been discussed.
Successful endovascular repair of complicated pseudoaneurysm using Perclose ProGlide: A novel concept
Authors: Kodama Takahide , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Fujiwara Hideomi , Kuwabara Masanari
Published: November 2022

Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is common vascular complications of angiographic procedures. Patients with uncomplicated pseudoaneurysms can be managed with ultrasound‐guided techniques. However, for complicated pseudoaneurysms, surgical repair of the artery is mandatory. We report a case of successful repair of complicated pseudoaneurysm using an access‐site closure device, Perclose ProGlide™ without a surgical approach.
Compensation Effect in Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Balla Ancuţa , Marcu Cristina , Szücs-Balázs József-Zsolt
Published: November 2022

The compensation effect in heterogeneous catalytic reactions is related to an appropriate change in the activation energy. A compensation effect is expected if a linear relationship between activation energy and pre‐exponential factor, or activation enthalpy and entropy, takes place for a reaction in the presence of different catalysts. This study aims to identify the occurrence of the compensation effect in CO oxidation reaction to CO2 catalyzed by CuO/Al2O3, Ni/TiO2, Ni/Al2O3, and Pd/Al2O3.
A year of experience with COVID‐19 in patients with cancer: A nationwide study
Authors: Khosravifar Mina , Koolaji Sogol , Rezaei Negar , Ghanbari Ali , Hashemi Seyedeh Melika , Ghasemi Erfan , Bitaraf Ali , Tabatabaei‐Malazy Ozra , Rezaei Nazila , Fateh Sahar Mohammadi , Dilmaghani‐Marand Arezou , Haghshenas Rosa , Kazemi Ameneh , Pakatchian Erfan , Kompani Farzad , Djalalinia Shirin
Published: November 2022

Background

Cancer is a major public health problem and comorbidity associated with COVID‐19 infection. According to previous studies, a higher mortality rate of COVID‐19 in cancer patients has been reported.

Aims

This study was undertaken to determine associated risk factors and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with cancer using a nationwide COVID‐19 hospital data registry in Iran for the first time.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we used a national data registry of hospitalized patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) symptoms and patients with confirmed positive COVID‐19 PCR between 18 February 2020 and 18 November 2020. The patients were classified into two groups patients with/without malignancy. Logistic regression model was utilized to analyze demographic factors, clinical features, comorbidities, and their associations with the disease outcomes.

Results

In this study, 11 068 and 645 186 in‐patients with SARS symptoms with and without malignancy were included, respectively. About 1.11% of our RT‐PCR‐positive patients had cancer. In patients with malignancy and COVID‐19, older ages than 60 (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.29–2.74, p‐value: .001), male gender (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.16–1.77, p‐value: .001), concomitant chronic pulmonary diseases (CPD) (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.14–2.68, p‐value: .009), and presence of dyspnea (OR; 2.00, 95% CI: 1.60–2.48, p‐value: <.001) were associated with increased mortality rate.

Conclusion

Given the immunocompromised state of patients with malignancy and their vulnerability to Covid‐19 complications, collecting data on the comorbidities and their effects on the disease outcome can build on a better clinical view and help clinicians make decisions to manage these cases better; for example, determining special clinical care, especially in the shortage of health services.
Sustainability and firm value in the oil and gas industry—A vicious circle?
Authors: Kaupke Katharina , zu Knyphausen‐Aufseß Dodo
Published: November 2022

The relationship between sustainability (or CSR) and company value has been intensively researched in recent times. However, the specifics of individual industries have not been sufficiently taken into account. Our study aims to fill this research gap. We focus on the oil and gas industry as a particularly powerful and controversial industry. Based on legitimacy theory and institutional theory, we argue that the relationship between firm value and sustainability is negative in this industry. Our sample consists of 205 firms with 1515 observations. Using a simultaneous equation system (3SLS) to determine its direction, we find the two to be negatively interrelated in a vicious circle. Furthermore, we find evidence for a moderating role of the renewable energy share of a company's headquarter country as well as the company's industry segment. The explanatory power continues to hold with consideration of a profitability measure (Return on Sales) instead of firm value.
Neuroendocrine tumor of the ampulla of Vater treated with endoscopic papillectomy: A case report
Authors: Hamada Koichi , Irisawa Atsushi , Horikawa Yoshinori , Shiwa Yoshiki , Techigawara Kae , Ishikawa Masafumi , Nagahashi Takayuki , Fukushima Daizo , Nishino Noriyuki , Sakuma Hideo , Honda Michitaka
Published: November 2022

We report the case of a 62‐year‐old female with a 6.3‐mm low‐grade neuroendocrine tumor of the ampulla of Vater, who underwent an endoscopic papillectomy. An endoscopic papillectomy was performed without complications. In the 26 months of follow‐up, no local recurrence or metastasis occurred. Endoscopic treatment of ampullary neuroendocrine tumors is controversial. However, endoscopic papillectomy may be considered a treatment option if neuroendocrine tumors are small (<10 mm), have a low grade (G1), or do not have muscle layer or bile duct invasion.
Analysis of highly potent synthetic opioid nitazene analogs and their positional isomers
Authors: Kanamori Tatsuyuki , Okada Yuki , Segawa Hiroki , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kuwayama Kenji , Tsujikawa Kenji , Iwata Yuko T.
Published: November 2022

Four nitazenes (metonitazene, etonitazene, protonitazene, and isotonitazene), highly potent benzimidazole synthetic opioids, and their four nitro group positional isomers (isonitazenes) were synthesized and analyzed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). In addition, the agonistic activity of all compounds at the human μ‐opioid receptor was measured using a cell‐based assay system. In the IR spectra, characteristic peaks for nitazenes and isonitazenes were observed. In GC/MS, all compounds were well separated on the chromatogram, although distinguishing nitazenes from the corresponding isonitazenes by electron ionization mass spectra was difficult. In LC/MS, all compounds were detected in both positive and negative modes of electrospray ionization. Characteristic fragment ions were observed in the product ion spectra of isonitazenes, enabling nitazenes to be distinguished from isonitazenes. All nitazenes tested demonstrated higher agonistic activity at the human μ‐opioid receptors than the synthetic opioid fentanyl. The agonistic activities of isonitazenes were 11–35 times lower than those of the corresponding nitazenes. However, iso‐etonitazene and iso‐isotonitazene showed moderate activity similar to that of fentanyl, indicating that these drugs could cause poisoning at a comparable level as fentanyl, if these drugs are abused in the future.
Reduction in biomass of freshwater arctic vegetation by foraging and nesting hyperabundant herbivores shows recovery
Authors: Kellett Dana K. , Alisauskas Ray T.
Published: November 2022

Arctic‐nesting geese are specialist herbivores of grasses and sedges (collectively, graminoids). Under moderate grazing pressure, these migratory herbivores can create and maintain arctic grazing lawns with high nutritional content and low aboveground biomass. Nutrient and energy subsidies from southern agricultural landscapes during winter have improved survival among populations of Ross's (Anser rossii) and lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens), leading to marked population growth. Resulting goose hyperabundance has raised conservation concern for resilience of arctic ecosystems to withstand cumulative and intense pressures of herbivory and nest construction. We used both design‐based (experimental herbivore exclosures) and model‐based methods to investigate changes to plant community structure in direct response to foraging and nesting by these species within the Queen Maud Gulf (Ahiak) Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut, Canada. Annual nest construction and foraging by up to ~1.3 million geese at a large colony at Karrak Lake markedly reduced aboveground biomass of forage (graminoids) and non‐forage (foliose and fruticose lichens) vegetation, with spatial variation in reduction associated with intensity of use by geese. Within vast brood‐rearing regions, foraging reduced above‐ and belowground plant biomass of lowland plant communities by 61% and 29%, respectively, between 1994 (when herbivore exclosures were established) and 2017. In addition to landscape diversity associated with abiotic properties created by geomorphic processes, long‐term herbivory by geese further increased spatial heterogeneity in vegetation at the landscape scale. Although foraging geese nearly completely depleted aboveground plant biomass in some parts of their brood‐rearing areas, belowground biomass was largely conserved, and thus, plant communities had strong potential for aboveground regeneration. We propose that the effects of high‐density nesting and foraging by Ross's and lesser snow geese in the central Canadian Arctic, while extensive, are ephemeral and prone to reversion following cessation of grazing and nesting pressure, such as that afforded by shifts in herbivore distribution or local population decline.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Isoindolinones and Their Bis(isoindolinone)ethane Derivatives
Authors: Purohit Deepak , Singh Rawat Kundan , Parveen Sajiya , Prakash Vats Ravi , Prakash Sharma Chandra , Goel Atul
Published: November 2022

Highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of a series of substituted 3‐methylene‐isoindolinones (3 a–x), bis(isoindolinone)ethanes (4 a–d) and 3‐hydroxy‐isoindolinones (6 a–h) derivatives is portrayed from easily accessible starting materials such as 2‐cyanobenzaldehydes (1 a–h) and different aryl/heteroaryl methyl ketones (2 a–k). The structure of Z‐isomer of 3‐methylene‐isoindolinone 3 x was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray analysis. The reaction mechanism studies by control experiments and using O18‐labelled water revealed that the reaction was initiated by attack of a conjugate base of aryl/heteroaryl methyl ketones (2 a–k) to aldehyde group of 1 a–h followed by intramolecular oxidative cyclization involving nitrile functionality to furnish isoindolinone derivatives in good to excellent yields.
How a group of community colleges in San Antonio created an award‐winning program to help its students transfer to four‐year schools
Authors: D'Orio Wayne
Published: November 2022

When officials at the Alamo Colleges District in San Antonio started planning how to improve their students’ ability to transfer to four‐year colleges, they examined which courses would not only transfer but also apply to students’ intended majors.
How to make your diversity, bias training a positive experience
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2022

LAS VEGAS — “This is a training about how to make diversity training and bias training palatable to law enforcement,” Lewis Eakins, Ph.D., CPP, Vice President for Public Safety and Emergency Management at Ivy Tech Community College in Indiana, said. Eakins spoke at the recent annual conference for the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators.
The relevance of rich club regions for functional outcome post‐stroke is enhanced in women
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K. , Schirmer Markus D. , Bretzner Martin , Hong Sungmin , Regenhardt Robert W. , Donahue Kathleen L. , Nardin Marco J. , Dalca Adrian V. , Giese Anne‐Katrin , Etherton Mark R. , Hancock Brandon L. , Mocking Steven J. T. , McIntosh Elissa C. , Attia John , Cole John W. , Donatti Amanda , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Heitsch Laura , Holmegaard Lukas , Jood Katarina , Jimenez‐Conde Jordi , Kittner Steven J. , Lemmens Robin , Levi Christopher R. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Meschia James F. , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Ropele Stefan , Rosand Jonathan , Roquer Jaume , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Schmidt Reinhold , Sharma Pankaj , Slowik Agnieszka , Sousa Alessandro , Stanne Tara M. , Strbian Daniel , Tatlisumak Turgut , Thijs Vincent , Vagal Achala , Wasselius Johan , Woo Daniel , Zand Ramin , McArdle Patrick F. , Worrall Bradford B. , Jern Christina , Lindgren Arne G. , Maguire Jane , Wu Ona , Rost Natalia S. ,   the MRI‐GENIE and GISCOME Investigators and the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to investigate the influence of stroke lesions in predefined highly interconnected (rich‐club) brain regions on functional outcome post‐stroke, determine their spatial specificity and explore the effects of biological sex on their relevance. We analyzed MRI data recorded at index stroke and ~3‐months modified Rankin Scale (mRS) data from patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the multisite MRI‐GENIE study. Spatially normalized structural stroke lesions were parcellated into 108 atlas‐defined bilateral (sub)cortical brain regions. Unfavorable outcome (mRS > 2) was modeled in a Bayesian logistic regression framework. Effects of individual brain regions were captured as two compound effects for (i) six bilateral rich club and (ii) all further non‐rich club regions. In spatial specificity analyses, we randomized the split into “rich club” and “non‐rich club” regions and compared the effect of the actual rich club regions to the distribution of effects from 1000 combinations of six random regions. In sex‐specific analyses, we introduced an additional hierarchical level in our model structure to compare male and female‐specific rich club effects. A total of 822 patients (age: 64.7[15.0], 39% women) were analyzed. Rich club regions had substantial relevance in explaining unfavorable functional outcome (mean of posterior distribution: 0.08, area under the curve: 0.8). In particular, the rich club‐combination had a higher relevance than 98.4% of random constellations. Rich club regions were substantially more important in explaining long‐term outcome in women than in men. All in all, lesions in rich club regions were associated with increased odds of unfavorable outcome. These effects were spatially specific and more pronounced in women.
The Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity Effect What It Is, What It Is Not, And Why It Matters
Authors: Fransson J.
Published: November 2022

The chiral induced spin selectivity effect is an excited states phenomenon, which can be probed using photo‐spectroscopy as well as transport measurements. On the one hand such measurements represent averaged quantities, on the other hand nearly all theoretical descriptions, with only a few exceptions, have been concerned with energy dependent properties of the pertinent structures. While those properties may or may not be relevant for the chiral induced spin selectivity effect, many of those properties have been attributed as being the, or part of the, origins of the effect. Here, it is demonstrated that, for instance, the spin‐resolved transmission provides little, if any, information about the chiral induced spin selectivity effect. Moreover, although effective single‐electron theory can be used in this context, reasons are given for why such descriptions are not viable.
DISCRETE MODEL REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF NON‐MINIMUM PHASE SYSTEMS
Authors: Samson C.
Published: November 2022

A new approach of model reference adaptive control for non‐minimum phase systems is considered. The proposed adaptive controller ensures the stability of the closed‐loop system under a condition little restrictive in practice.
Developing supply chain resilience through integration: An empirical study on an e‐commerce platform
Authors: Qi Yinan , Wang Xiaorui , Zhang Min , Wang Qiang
Published: November 2022

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted supply chains and increased the uncertainties faced by firms. While firms are struggling to survive and recover from the pandemic, Chinese e‐commerce platforms have demonstrated resilient supply chains. We develop a framework that investigates the impacts of integration between an e‐commerce platform and suppliers on supply chain resilience and the moderating effect of the suppliers' product flexibility. An analysis of data from a Chinese e‐commerce platform using operational indicators finds that integration between the e‐commerce platform and suppliers in terms of information sharing, joint planning and logistics cooperation has positive impacts on supply chain resilience, while procurement automation has the opposite effect. Furthermore, product flexibility positively moderates the impacts of information sharing, joint planning and logistics cooperation. The results enhance current understandings of the factors that contribute to the development of supply chain resilience and reveal that the relationship between integration and resilience should be examined within a contingency framework. The findings also provide guidelines for managers taking measures to mitigate the negative influences of supply chain disruptions.
Diagnosis of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Abbasian Ardakani Ali , Mohammadi Afshin , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Faeghi Fariborz , Vogl Thomas J. , Acharya U. Rajendra
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Deep learning algorithms have shown potential in streamlining difficult clinical decisions. In the present study, we report the diagnostic profile of a deep learning model in differentiating malignant and benign lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid cancer.

Methods

An in‐house deep learning‐based model called “ClymphNet” was developed and tested using two datasets containing ultrasound images of 195 malignant and 178 benign lymph nodes. An expert radiologist also viewed these ultrasound images and extracted qualitative imaging features used in routine clinical practice. These signs were used to train three different machine learning algorithms. Then the deep learning model was compared with the machine learning models on internal and external validation datasets containing 22 and 82 malignant and 20 and 76 benign lymph nodes, respectively.

Results

Among the three machine learning algorithms, the support vector machine model (SVM) outperformed the best, reaching a sensitivity of 91.35%, specificity of 88.54%, accuracy of 90.00%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.925 in all cohorts. The ClymphNet performed better than the SVM protocol in internal and external validation, achieving a sensitivity of 93.27%, specificity of 92.71%, and an accuracy of 93.00%, and an AUC of 0.948 in all cohorts.

Conclusion

A deep learning model trained with ultrasound images outperformed three conventional machine learning algorithms fed with qualitative imaging features interpreted by radiologists. Our study provides evidence regarding the utility of ClymphNet in the early and accurate differentiation of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy.
Applicability of multidimensional convolutional neural networks on automated detection of diverse focal liver lesions in multiphase CT images
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Zhu Yajing , Chen Yinan , Wang Fang , Hu Xi , Ye Yuxiang , Dou Xin , Huang Yechong , Deng Liping , Zhou Wei , Liang Xiao , Hu Hongjie
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To investigate the applicability of multidimensional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) together with multiphase contrast‐enhanced CT images on automated detection of diverse focal liver lesions (FLLs).

Methods

We trained detection models based on 2.5D and 3D CNN frameworks using 567 patients with 3892 FLLs and validated on a relatively large independent cohort of 1436 patients with 4723 lesions. The detection performance across different phases (arterial, portal venous [PV], and combined phases) was assessed for the 2.5D model. The lesions were divided into two groups with a cutoff size of 20 mm, and further subdivided into four subgroups of <10, 10–20, 20–50, and ≥50 mm, to verify the detection rates for lesions of different sizes for the 2.5D and 3D models. McNemar's test was used to compare the detection sensitivities among different methods. In addition, sensitivity with 95% confidence intervals and free‐response receiver operating characteristics (FROC) curves were plotted for visualization of the detectability.

Results

In the 2.5D model, the detection rate of PV phase outperformed arterial phase, and a combination of the two phases further improved the performance over a single phase. The detection sensitivities in the arterial, PV, and combined phases were 0.737 versus 0.802 versus 0.832 for all lesions. The 3D model was superior to the 2.5D model for detecting benign lesions (0.896 vs. 0.807, p < 0.001), malignant lesions (0.940 vs. 0.918, p = 0.013), and all lesions (0.902 vs. 0.832, p < 0.001) regardless of size division. Particularly, the 3D model showed higher sensitivity than the 2.5D model in detecting lesions smaller than 20 mm (0.868 vs. 0.759, p < 0.001). For lesions larger than 20 mm, both the 3D and the 2.5D models achieved excellent detection performance.

Conclusions

The proposed CNN detection model was demonstrated to adaptively learn the feature representations of diverse FLLs and generalize well to a large‐scale validation dataset. The use of multiphase significantly improved the detectability of FLLs compared to single phase. 3D CNN framework showed an enhanced capability over the 2.5D in the detection of FLLs, particularly small lesions. The promising performance shows that the proposed CNN detection system could be a powerful clinical tool for the early detection of hepatic tumors.
Developing strategies “SATIA”: How to manage dysphagia in older people? A Delphi panel consensus
Authors: Zhang Huafang , Zheng Li , Tang Mengling , Guo Fanjia , Yang Lili , Liu Suxiang , Wang Jinyun , Chen Jie , Ye Chenxi , Shi Yajun , Li Sihan , Xue Wenfeng , Su Jie
Published: November 2022

Aim

To develop a set of evidence‐informed strategies to assist older people to improve swallowing functions and prevent further damage from complications.

Design

A two‐round Delphi survey.

Methods

An initial set of dysphagia care strategies with 74 relevant items for older people was formed based on a literature review by seven researchers. An online survey was conducted by 21 panellists, and data of experts' opinions were collected and analysed by improved Delphi method.

Results

The positive coefficients in the two rounds of expert consultation were 85.71% and 83.33%, respectively. Consensus was reached with 53 items included and was allocated into the following five sections: (1) screening, (2) assessment, (3) training, (4) interventions and (5) management. These strategies were named with the acronym of each section—“SATIA”. The management strategy can be applied to guide the management of older people with dysphagia.