bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marco regulatório do transporte rodoviário interestadual de passageiros e opções reais
Authors: Rocha Carlos Henrique , Britto Paulo Augusto P. de
Published: October 2014

A doutrina jurídica referente ao transporte rodoviário interestadual de passageiros (TRIP) não estabelece o início da oferta do serviço diferenciado na respectiva linha do serviço convencional. Este artigo mostra que se pode fixar calendário para o início desse serviço no TRIP. O calendário é construído à luz de um ramo da teoria de economia financeira, especificamente, da teoria das opções reais. Demonstra-se que é possível ter: (a) linhas sem a oferta do serviço diferenciado durante toda a permissão do serviço convencional, (b) linhas que ofertarão o serviço anos após o início da permissão do convencional e (c) linhas que ofertarão imediatamente o serviço diferenciado. Defende-se que as normas que dispõem sobre o TRIP sejam emendadas. Advoga-se que a metodologia proposta seja empregada pelo ente regulador do transporte interestadual de passageiros por ônibus para se determinar se e quando uma dada linha deve ser servida por serviço diferenciado.
Modelagem de previsão de navegabilidade em rios da Amazônia: ferramenta web de suporte aos usuários do transporte aquaviário
Authors: Kuwahara Nelson , Lago Neto João Caldas do , Abensur Themis da Costa
Published: October 2014

Na Amazônia observou-se nas últimas décadas crescimento de registros de impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais provocados pela redução abrupta dos níveis dos rios. Os eventos de seca na região nos anos de 2010 e 2005 resultaram em graves problemas. Em 25/10/2010 o Rio Negro Atingiu a cota mínima de 13,63 metros, 1 cm menor do que a maior registrada no histórico de medições que foi de 13,64 em 30/10/1963. Em vários momentos destes períodos de Seca decretou-se estado de emergência em grande número de municípios, face ao isolamento provocado pela interrupção na mobilidade e acessibilidade, pois em grande parte destes a única forma de acesso é por transporte aquaviário. Assim, visando dar suporte à prevenção de efeitos adversos do "Isolamento na Amazônia" realizou-se modelagem da dinâmica hidrológica para previsão das variações de cotas dos rios. A ferramenta está baseada em modelo estatístico ARIMA, e como variável de análise e sustentação do modelo as cotas de rios. A ferramenta possibilitou processamento, análise e geração de informações de previsão de níveis dos rios e por consequência planejamento de viagens nas embarcações, com uso de sistema web para disponibilizar o acesso ao modelo.
Capacidade e nível de serviço do terminal de passageiros de um aeroporto regional - o caso de Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Coelho Lígia Gesteira , Silva Antônio Nélson Rodrigues da , Dinato Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2014

Com o rápido crescimento do transporte aéreo observado recentemente no Brasil, vários aeroportos estão convivendo com demandas que afetam o nível de serviço de terminais de passageiros. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de serviço oferecido no terminal de passageiros de um aeroporto regional. O caso estudado foi o aeroporto de Ribeirão Preto, no estado de São Paulo. A avaliação, com o método de Medeiros (2004), foi realizada em dois momentos: o atual (neste caso, a demanda observada em 2010) e para o ano de 2015. Os resultados mostraram que o atual nível de serviço dos componentes avaliados do terminal (que vão desde infraestruturas para embarque e desembarque até sanitários) é predominantemente Regular ou Insuficiente, com 69 % destes componentes incluídos em uma dessas duas classificações. No entanto, apesar do crescimento da demanda previsto para o futuro próximo, a avaliação realizada para 2015 não indica uma deterioração significativa do nível de serviço no terminal de passageiros, talvez explicado pelo nível de serviço global relativamente baixo hoje oferecido.
Partir do aeroporto de Congonhas é mais caro que de Guarulhos? Um estudo econométrico dos preços das passagens aéreas
Authors: Ueda Thiago Vinicius Alves
Published: October 2014

O presente artigo visa identificar, através de um modelo de regressão linear com estimador de efeitos fixos para dados em painel, evidências que determinassem o aeroporto de partida mais barato partindo de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram que bilhetes aéreos partindo de Congonhas são quase 5% mais caros, entretanto, a situação tende a mudar, pois a crise financeira global afetou distintamente estes dois aeroportos. Ao se analisar a sazonalidade das estações do ano, tem-se que bilhetes aéreos adquiridos no verão e inverno, períodos que compreendem a alta estação, são mais caros em Guarulhos do que em Congonhas. E por fim, bilhetes aéreos adquiridos com antecedência apresentam maiores descontos em Guarulhos do que em Congonhas. Passagens adquiridas com 60 dias de antecedência bilhetes partindo de Guarulhos significam 41% de desconto nas passagens, enquanto que em Congonhas significam 38%.
Assimetrias de informação e o provimento obrigatório de dados de firmas reguladas: estudo de caso do transporte aéreo
Authors: Salgado Lucia Helena , Oliveira Alessandro V. M.
Published: October 2014

Toda regulação econômica setorial contém elementos de assimetrias de informação entre autoridade regulatória e regulados. Ao desempenhar suas atribuições de estabelecer regulamentos, medidas e ações que induzem e promovem o bem-estar econômico, o regulador rotineiramente encontra-se na situação de baixo nível informacional em virtude da escassez de dados, ou, o que é mais comum, baixa abrangência, nível de desagregação inadequado e parca qualidade da informação disponível. Assim, não é incomum observar reguladores desenhando regulamentos de maneira subótima. Adicionalmente, planos de investimentos na expansão da infra-estrutura básica de acesso ao mercado - recursos essenciais -, bem como a sua própria regulação, podem ser concebidos usando-se informação coletadas de forma imperfeita, ou seja, com ruído. Isso aumenta as incertezas inerentes à regulação - e também à implementação da política antitruste e às políticas governamentais - além de aumentar o custo dos investimentos setoriais. O presente trabalho visa estudar o caso das assimetrias de informação no setor de transporte aéreo. Maior ênfase é dada ao detalhamento dos esforços das autoridades do setor em realizar a regulação do provimento dos dados dos regulados, com vista a embasar a regulação e assistir ao consumidor em suas escolhas. Um estudo de caso do arcabouço de coleta, manuseio e disseminação dos dados setoriais implementados pelo regulador norte-americano, o US Department of Transportation (DOT). E por fim apresentar algumas propostas que poderão alterar a questão do provimento de informações por parte da ANAC, possibilitando assim maior fiscalização por parte da sociedade.
Procedimento e protótipo computacional para dimensionamento de uma praça de pedágio
Authors: Faria Bruno Santana de , Campos Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa
Published: October 2014

Este artigo propõe um procedimento para o dimensionamento do layout de praças de pedágio como forma de subsidiar a implantação destas praças em novas concessões ou na melhoria das existentes, visando um melhor nível de serviço para o usuário. Para agilizar e facilitar as análises foi desenvolvido um protótipo computacional que define as características da praça de pedágio a partir de um nível de serviço desejado. Para tanto, inicialmente, apresenta-se neste trabalho uma caracterização das praças de pedágio quanto à forma de pagamento da tarifa, a localização da praça no sistema, o layout e seus principais elementos e posteriormente os métodos de dimensionamento. Com base nessas análises, propõe-se um procedimento para dimensionamento de uma praça de pedágio considerando a relação entre as características da praça e o nível de serviço para o usuário.
Análise dos efeitos do ruído aeronáutico em zonas residenciais circunvizinhas ao Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília
Authors: Carvalho Júnior Edson Benício , Garavelli Sérgio Luiz , Maroja Armando Mendonça
Published: October 2014

Esse trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a percepção de incômodo causado pelo ruído aeronáutico em zonas residenciais circunvizinhas ao Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília (SBBR). O estudo foi dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, foram realizadas medições acústicas em três áreas e o nível de ruído determinado pelos parâmetros: Leq, Lmax, Lmin, RF, SEL e IPR. Na segunda parte, aplicou-se, um questionário adaptado do projeto Eurocontrol (European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation). Os resultados das medidas de campo indicam regiões com qualidade acústica comprometida e com potencial de incômodo, principalmente no período noturno. Da análise dos questionários obteve-se que os pesquisados do sexo feminino mostraram-se mais incomodados com o ruído de automóveis e aviões e percebem de forma mais vigorosa o barulho do tráfego rodoviário e aéreo. Também constatou-se insatisfação quanto às interferências provocadas pelo barulho das aeronaves na realização de atividades cotidianas e indicaram como reações associadas ao ruído dores de cabeça, distúrbios no sono, estresse e dificuldade de concentração. Destaca-se que na região com menor ruído ambiente os respondentes são mais sensíveis ao barulho dos aviões e os valores dos parâmetros acústicos medidos justificam as reações negativas dos respondentes ao ruído aeroviário. Além disso, verificou-se uma relação direta entre a percepção de incômodo e desconforto com os níveis de pressão sonora medidos.
Infraestrutura de transporte e crescimento econômico no Brasil
Authors: Bertussi Geovana Lorena , Ellery Junior Roberto
Published: October 2014

O artigo investiga o impacto dos gastos públicos em transportes sobre o crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros entre 1986 e 2007 utilizando dados em painel. Além do modelo tradicional de efeitos fixos, optou-se por rodar também um modelo de regressão quantílica. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho mostraram que o investimento público no setor de transportes provoca efeito positivo e estatisticamente significante sobre o desempenho econômico de longo prazo dos estados brasileiros e contribui potencialmente para a redução da desigualdade de renda entre eles. Ainda de acordo com as evidências empíricas encontradas, os gastos públicos em infraestrutura de transporte são mais produtivos nas regiões menos desenvolvidas do país (regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste). Dessa forma, mostra-se que as políticas públicas implementadas no país são de extrema relevância para a promoção do crescimento econômico e do desenvolvimento regional brasileiro.
Planejamento aeroportuário no Brasil: discussão sobre contribuições da prospectiva estratégica
Authors: Linhares George Christian
Published: October 2014

O artigo aborda o planejamento aeroportuário enquanto problema de política pública, inserindo-o na perspectiva das relações de poder entre agentes envolvidos ou interessados no processo de planejamento (stakeholders). O objetivo é apresentar referências oriundas do campo da prospectiva estratégica que possam ser de interesse para o trato do problema do planejamento aeroportuário no Brasil. Importante elemento da infraestrutura de uma região, decisões sobre o desenvolvimento de um aeroporto são interesse legítimo de diversos atores e, assim, se demonstram adequadas as contribuições da prospectiva estratégica, que considera os interesses dos atores envolvidos na problemática analisada. Fundamentado em revisão bibliográfica e análise do planejamento aeroportuário no contexto brasileiro, o artigo reforça a natureza complexa do planejamento de aeroportos e traz como conclusões a necessidade de analisar os objetivos e interesses das partes interessadas e a defesa do uso de metodologias prospectivas para o ambiente de planejamento nacional indicando espaço para ensaios de aplicação do método MACTOR.
Uso de automóveis e o caos urbano: considerações sobre o planejamento de transportes das grandes cidades
Authors: Ramis Jacqueline Elhage , Santos Emmanuel Antônio dos
Published: October 2014

A redução do uso de automóveis em grandes cidades envolve mudanças de caráter comportamental individual e coletivo, além de transformações na infraestrutura urbana existente. Para se operarem estas mudanças, é necessário o envolvimento das esferas municipal e federal do governo, além da participação da população. Na esfera federal, o governo deve desacelerar os incentivos financeiros às compras de veículos novos. Dentro das municipalidades, o governo precisa melhorar as condições de acessibilidade nos centros urbanos, para que o transporte coletivo atenda às necessidades de mobilidade de modo eficiente e eficaz. Por fim, a população deve buscar alternativas ao modo escolhido para seus deslocamentos diários. A análise de estudos internacionais que sobre a redução do uso carro apontou que a oferta de transporte coletivo de boa qualidade aliada a políticas públicas para atração de novos usuários deve ser um trabalho contínuo e constante. Tais mudanças podem trazer vantagens como melhores condições de translado, economia de combustível, diminuição das emissões de gases na atmosfera, menos congestionamentos nas ruas, diminuição do ruído urbano e, não menos importante, a apropriação efetiva do espaço público pelo pedestre.
O desafio logístico na implantação de um aeroporto indústria no Brasil
Authors: Matera Roberta de Roode Torres
Published: October 2014

À medida que a relação comercial entre os países aumenta, existe a necessidade que os órgãos governamentais incentivem as indústrias nacionais a procurar novos caminhos, para que elas possam se inserir com maior competitividade no mercado externo, trazendo assim um maior equilíbrio à balança comercial e ao crescimento do país. Para se atingir um sistema de distribuição mais barato e potencialmente mais estável, o sistema logístico inteiro deve ser eficiente. O conceito de Aeroporto-Indústria consolida esta necessidade de se intensificar a transformação dos sistemas de transporte e logísticos do país, proporcionando a instalação de plantas industriais em aeroportos internacionais com vista à exportação, com desburocratização, simplificação de procedimentos e redução de custos tarifários, tributários e logísticos, aumentando a competitividade das indústrias do país no mercado internacional. Com base neste contexto, este trabalho pretende mostrar a relação de dependência da cadeia logística eficiente no amparo à implantação de um Projeto Aeroporto-Indústria.
Proteção e liberalização no transporte marítimo de cabotagem: o uso da regulação nos mercados canadense e brasileiro
Authors: Nascimento Marcus Vinícius
Published: October 2014

O transporte marítimo de cabotagem, representado pela movimentação de mercadorias ao longo da costa marítima, tem demonstrado significante competitividade em relação a outros modais, principalmente pelo seu baixo custo de frete. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o que a literatura traz sobre a regulação deste modal e desenvolver uma comparação entre o cenário canadense e o brasileiro. Nota-se que, no Canadá, o sistema passa por problemas de eficiência produtiva, principalmente pelo curto prazo de permanência permitido aos containeres estrangeiros no país. Em contraposição ao Canadá, a extensa costa e as altas taxas de importação, contribuem com o desenvolvimento deste modal no Brasil. Todavia, as políticas do Mercosul impedem a cabotagem de longo curso para os outros países da mesma costa (i.e. Argentina), fato que facilitaria as trocas comerciais entre os países.
Updated Product Label Allows Home Administration of Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate
Authors: Shen Ann Q. , Munteanu Mihaela , Khoury Hanna Jean
Published: October 2014

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's accelerated approval of omacetaxine mepesuccinate for the treatment of chronic-phase or accelerated-phase chronic myeloid leukemia has been converted to full approval. Approved changes to the omacetaxine administration guidelines to allow home administration using syringes prepared by a health care professional will improve patient access to treatment by alleviating the need for daily visits to a medical facility during treatment, while also addressing concerns regarding the ability of patients or caregivers to accurately prepare and administer injections safely.
A Phase II Study of Ifosfamide, Methotrexate, Etoposide, and Prednisolone for Previously Untreated Stage I/II Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: A Multicenter Trial of the Korean Cancer Study Group
Authors: Kim Tae Min , Kim Dong-Wan , Kang Yoon-Koo , Chung Jooseop , Song Hong-Suk , Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Byung Soo , Lee Jong-Seok , Kim Hawk , Yang Sung Hyun , Yuh Young Jin , Bae Sung Hwa , Hyun Myung Soo , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Kim Chul Woo , Heo Dae Seog
Published: October 2014

Background.

Combination chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, methotrexate, etoposide, and prednisolone (IMEP) was active as first-line and second-line treatment for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NTCL).

Methods.

Forty-four patients with chemo-naïve stage I/II NTCL were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, phase II study and received six cycles of IMEP (ifosfamide 1.5 g/m2 on days 1–3; methotrextate 30 mg/m2 on days 3 and 10; etoposide 100 mg/m2 on days 1–3; and prednisolone 60 mg/m2 per day on days 1–5) followed by involved field radiotherapy (IFRT).

Results.

Overall response rates were 73% (complete remission [CR] in 11 of 41 evaluable patients [27%]) after IMEP chemotherapy and 78% (CR 18 of 27 evaluable patients [67%]) after IMEP followed by IFRT. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were documented in 33 patients (75%) and 7 patients (16%), respectively. Only 8 patients (18%) experienced febrile neutropenia. Three-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 66% and 56%, respectively. High Ki-67 (≥70%) and Ann Arbor stage II independently reduced PFS (p = .004) and OS (p = .001), respectively.

Conclusion.

Due to the high rate of progression during IMEP chemotherapy, IFRT needs to be introduced earlier. Moreover, active chemotherapy including an l-asparaginase-based regimen should be use to reduce systemic treatment failure in stage I/II NTCL.
WISP1 Is a Novel Adipokine Linked to Inflammation in Obesity
Authors: Murahovschi Veronica , Pivovarova Olga , Ilkavets Iryna , Dmitrieva Renata M. , Döcke Stephanie , Keyhani-Nejad Farnaz , Gögebakan Özlem , Osterhoff Martin , Kemper Margrit , Hornemann Silke , Markova Mariya , Klöting Nora , Stockmann Martin , Weickert Martin O. , Lamounier-Zepter Valeria , Neuhaus Peter , Konradi Alexandra , Dooley Steven , von Loeffelholz Christian , Blüher Matthias , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Rudovich Natalia
Published: October 2014

WISP1 (Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1, also known as CCN4) is a member of the secreted extracellular matrix–associated proteins of the CCN family and a target gene of the Wingless-type (WNT) signaling pathway. Growing evidence links the WNT signaling pathway to the regulation of adipogenesis and low-grade inflammation in obesity. We aimed to validate WISP1 as a novel adipokine. Human adipocyte differentiation was associated with increased WISP1 expression and secretion. Stimulation of human macrophages with WISP1 led to a proinflammatory response. Circulating WISP1 and WISP1 subcutaneous adipose tissue expression were regulated by weight changes in humans and mice. WISP1 expression in visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue was associated with markers of insulin resistance and inflammation in glucose-tolerant subjects. In patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we found no correlation among disease activity score, liver fat content, and WISP1 expression. Insulin regulated WISP1 expression in adipocytes in vitro but had no acute effect on WISP1 gene expression in subcutaneous fat tissue in overweight subjects who had undergone hyperinsulinemic clamp experiments. The data suggest that WISP1 may play a role in linking obesity to inflammation and insulin resistance and could be a novel therapeutic target for obesity.
Acute Activation of Cannabinoid Receptors by Anandamide Reduces Gastrointestinal Motility and Improves Postprandial Glycemia in Mice
Authors: Troy-Fioramonti Stephanie , Demizieux Laurent , Gresti Joseph , Muller Tania , Vergès Bruno , Degrace Pascal
Published: October 2014

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with an alteration of glucose homeostasis dependent on cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) activation. However, very little information is available concerning the consequences of ECS activation on intestinal glucose absorption. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with anandamide, an endocannabinoid binding both CB1R and CB2R. We measured plasma glucose and xylose appearance after oral loading, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose transepithelial transport using the everted sac method. Anandamide improved hyperglycemia after oral glucose charge whereas glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were impaired, pointing out some gastrointestinal events. Plasma xylose appearance was delayed in association with a strong decrease in gastrointestinal transit, while anandamide did not alter transporter-mediated glucose absorption. Interestingly, transit was nearly normalized by coinjection of SR141716 and AM630 (CB1R and CB2R antagonist, respectively), and AM630 also reduced the delay of plasma glucose appearance induced by anandamide. When gastric emptying was bypassed by direct glucose administration in the duodenum, anandamide still reduced plasma glucose appearance in wild-type but not in CB1R−/− mice. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that acute activation of intestinal ECS reduced postprandial glycemia independently on intestinal glucose transport but rather inhibiting gastric emptying and small intestine motility and strongly suggest the involvement of both CB1R and CB2R.
Learning Geometry Problem Solving by Studying Worked Examples
Authors: Bokosmaty Sahar , Sweller John , Kalyuga Slava
Published: October 2014

Research has demonstrated that instruction that relies heavily on studying worked examples is more effective for less experienced learners compared to instruction emphasizing problem solving. However, the guidance associated with studying some worked examples may reduce the performance of more experienced learners. This study investigated categories of guidance using geometry worked examples. Three conditions were used. In the theorem and step guidance condition, students were provided with the solution steps required to reach the answer and the theorems used to justify the steps. In the step guidance condition, learners were only provided with the sequence of steps needed to reach the answer but not with the theorems explaining the steps. The problem-solving condition required learners to solve problems without any guidance. It was hypothesized that for students who had already learned the relevant theorems, the major task was to learn to recognize problem states and their associated solution moves. The step guidance condition should best facilitate such knowledge, compared to a problem-solving or a theorem and step guidance approach. For students who had not yet fully learned the theorems, the theorem and step guidance approach should be superior. Two geometry instruction experiments supported these hypotheses. Information concerning theorems should only be provided if students have yet to learn and automate theorem schemas.
Petites natures - enquête
Authors: Easterman-Ulmann Rachel , Bonifassi Catherine , Ildefonse Frédérique , Renouard Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé « Un scorpion veut traverser le fleuve. Mais il ne sait pas nager. Il avise un hippopotame et lui demande : — Puis-je monter sur ton dos pour traverser le fleuve ? L’hippopotame lui répond : — Tu me prends pour un imbécile ? Si je te prends sur mon dos pour traverser le fleuve, tu vas me piquer, et je mourrai. — Mais non, dit le scorpion, car si je te pique, je vais me noyer. — D’accord, dit l’hippopotame. Le scorpion grimpe sur son dos, et ils entament la traversée. Au milieu du fleuve, le scorpion pique l’hippopotame. — Qu’est-ce qui t’a pris ? dit l’hippopotame, en sombrant. Tu vas mourir aussi. — Je n’y peux rien, dit le scorpion. C’est ma nature. » Nous avons adressé quatre questions à différentes personnes qui, par leurs activités, sont confrontées d’une manière ou d’une autre à la nature.
Les fécondations artificielles, le droit et la nature
Authors: Iacub Marcela
Published: October 2014

Résumé Les lois bioéthiques semblent avoir adopté à l’égard des techniques de procréation artificielle une position paradoxale. Elles n’interdissent d’emblée aucune des techniques procréatives présentes ou futures (hormis les maternités de substitution et l’ectogénèse). Elles ont le souci de faire croire que les enfants nés par cette voie sont conçus par la voie sexuelle ; que la nature n’a pas été troublée.
Un franc-tireur minuscule
Authors: Saint-Saëns Isabelle , Revel Jeanne , Perrier Jean-François
Published: October 2014

Résumé Dans Vacarme n? 13, nous avions publié un dossier sur le 17 octobre 1961. Ce n’est pas uniquement parce que nous avons l’esprit d’escalier que nous revenons cette fois-ci à la charge, en interrogeant Robert Bonnaud. Historien des cycles, il s’intéresse aux tournants de l’histoire universelle, aux « régressions, au non-progrès, aux zigzags » comme en témoignent Le Système de l’histoire (Fayard) et Tournants et périodes (Kimé). Il aime aussi à se définir comme un témoin engagé : rappelé en Algérie en 1956, il publie dans Esprit en 1957 « La paix des némentchas », sur la “pacification”, et dans Vérité-Liberté en 1960 « Le grand refus », sur les déserteurs et les insoumis. Emprisonné aux Beaumettes en juin 61 pour ses activités de soutien au FLN, il ne sera libéré qu’un an plus tard, après les accords d’Evian. C’est justement le rapport entre l’activité de l’historien et celle de l’organisateur de réseaux, entre le théoricien de l’histoire universelle et le « transporteur » que nous avons voulu interroger. À l’intersection se dessine une drôle de figure de pédagogue : un militant pas tout à fait clandestin et un théoricien encore un peu isolé.
Autopsie d'un faux ami
Authors: Pagès Yves
Published: October 2014

Résumé Un vieux mot, tombé en disgrâce, refait aujourd’hui surface : l’« incivilité »
Les temps irréels
Authors: Sullo Pierluigi , Papathéodorou Aris
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le 30 septembre dernier, à Prague, plusieurs milliers de manifestants venus de divers pays d’Europe parvenaient à bloquer le sommet annuel du Fonds monétaire international et de la Banque mondiale, malgré la brutalité de la police tchèque et dans l’indifférence de la presse. On peut évidemment trouver à redire au mouvement de résistance à la mondialisation libérale : la généralité de son objet ; la manière dont il détourne les énergies militantes dont manquent cruellement, en ce moment, les mouvements locaux (...)
« choisis, contrôlés, placés »
Authors: Morice Alain
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le savoir d’Alain Morice, chercheur au CNRS, est une alternative précieuse à celui des experts. Il nous livre ici une critique du nouveau discours européen de l’immigration « utile », celui des caisses de retraite et des gestionnaires de main-d’oeuvre, dont il montre que la modernité n’est que relative. Car, autant qu’un texte de police, la bonne vieille ordonnance du 2 novembre 1945 est un plan d’emploi : depuis toujours, un bon immigré est un immigré au travail. En creux, cette critique ouvre aussi à quelque chose comme une autre approche de l’immigration : il faudrait penser les mobilités au ras du sol, telles qu’elles se pratiquent réellement et à la première personne, avec les problèmes qu’elles nous posent. Liquider la question « comment les employer ? », c’est en libérer une autre, bien plus intéressante : « Pourquoi nous déplaçons-nous ? »
« Ce poids d'ici-bas »
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe , Wajeman Lise
Published: October 2014

Résumé Entretien avec Claire Denis.
L'areligion
Authors: Nancy Jean-Luc
Published: October 2014

Résumé Sur « Beau travail », de Claire Denis.
Être ensemble en restant singuliers
Authors: Triau Christophe
Published: October 2014

Résumé Depuis quelques années, Frédéric Fisbach s’est imposé comme l’un des metteurs en scène les plus intéressants du théâtre français ; la saison dernière a particulièrement été marquée par ses deux derniers spectacles, Tokyo notes, d’Horiza Hirata, et Forever Valley, « opéra de chambre » de Gérard Pesson et Marie Redonnet. Il montera ce printemps Bérénice, en collaboration avec le chorégraphe Bernardo Montet.
Dans l'image
Authors: Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé Le 8 janvier, dans le cadre d’une série intitulée « Journaux intimes », Canal+ diffuse Ceci est une pipe de Pierre Trividic et Patrick Mario Bernard (avec la collaboration de Xavier Brillat). Une réflexion sur les pouvoirs de l’image, sur la représentation des corps et de la sexualité, sur la fabrication d’un film, sur l’intime et le public, sur la confusion des genres.
En cas de noyade
Authors: Doppelt Suzanne
Published: October 2014

Résumé Avis concernant les personnes qui paraissent mortes et qui, ne l’étant pas, peuvent recevoir des soins. Paris, 1772
Avant-propos
Authors: Chottin Ariane
Published: October 2014

Résumé un dossier sur l’accompagnement artistique du tramway de Strasbourg
L'échappée belle
Authors: Chottin Ariane
Published: October 2014

Résumé Réimplantation d’un tramway à Strasbourg : entretien avec Christian Bernard.
Vers une approche interactionnelle en didactique des langues et une extension du domaine de la tâche – Les atouts du web 2.0
Authors: Ollivier Christian
Published: October 2014

Cette contribution développe le concept d'approche interactionnelle et celui de tâche ancrée dans la vie réelle réalisable sur des sites participatifs du web 2.0. En reprenant des résultats de recherche publiés ces dernières années, nous mettons en lumière le fort potentiel de ce type de tâche comme solution aux diverses limites des cours de langues, que plusieurs études ont fait ressortir depuis les années 70, notamment le problème de bi-focalisation, l'apprenant se concentrant souvent plus sur l'apprentissage de la langue que sur la communication / l'action en tant que telle.Cette partie théorique est complétée par des exemples de tâches de la vie réelle permettant aux apprenants d'utiliser la langue au sein d'interactions sociales dépassant celles du groupe enseignant-apprenants.
How does it feel to travel through a tunnel?
Authors: Lanng Ditte Bendix
Published: October 2014

This paper opens a pathway for a constructive vision of atmospheric qualities of transit space design. It focuses on an ordinary tunnel for pedestrians and cyclists in a suburban district of Aalborg, Denmark. By way of functionalist design and traffic segregation the tunnel facilitates the passage of daily life journeys. Through unpacking concrete mobile situations that occur on a journey home from school and through speculative architectural explorations into a possible re-design of the tunnel, an underused potential is identified for transit space to be a sensorial and social public space. One way of approaching this potential, it is argued, is to work with transit spaces as atmospheric spaces of wayfaring, drawing to the forefront of design considerations the affective engagement between travellers and the material environment. Inherent in this proposition is a critique of the assumptions that daily life travelling can be reduced to a desensitized and passive transport practice and that transit spaces are placeless.
Anti-GITR Agonist Therapy Intrinsically Enhances CD8 T Cell Responses to Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), Thereby Circumventing LCMV-Induced Downregulation of Costimulatory GITR Ligand on APC
Authors: Clouthier Derek L. , Zhou Angela C. , Watts Tania H.
Published: October 2014

The costimulatory TNFR family member GITR can provide important survival signals for CD8 T cells. However, little is known about the regulation of this pathway during a chronic infection. In this study, we show that GITR ligand (GITRL) is maximally induced on APCs at day 2 post–lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 infection, but is downregulated to below baseline levels by day 8 postinfection (p.i.), and remains so at the chronic stage of infection. At its peak, GITRL expression is highest on macrophages, with lower expression on conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. GITR expression was highest on T regulatory cells but was also detected on Th1 and LCMV-specific CD8 T cells at day 8 p.i. and was maintained at low, but above baseline levels at the chronic stage of LCMV infection. As GITRL was limiting at the chronic stage of infection, we investigated the potential of therapeutic stimulation of GITR at this stage using agonistic anti-GITR Ab. Anti-GITR treatment at day 21 p.i. increased the frequency and number of LCMV-specific CD8 T cells, resulting in increased in vivo CTL activity and a concomitant decrease in viral load, despite the persistence of PD-1 expression. These effects of anti-GITR were CD8 T cell intrinsic, with no detectable effects on Th1 or T regulatory cells. In contrast to other TNFR agonists, such as anti–4-1BB, which can cause immune pathology, a single therapeutic dose of anti-GITR did not induce splenomegaly or increase serum alanine transaminase. These studies identify GITR as a promising therapeutic target for chronic infection.
Pristane-Induced Granulocyte Recruitment Promotes Phenotypic Conversion of Macrophages and Protects against Diffuse Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Mac-1 Deficiency
Authors: Shi Yiqin , Tsuboi Naotake , Furuhashi Kazuhiro , Du Qiuna , Horinouchi Asuka , Maeda Kayaho , Kosugi Tomoki , Matsuo Seiichi , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: October 2014

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage (DPH) is an uncommon but critical complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Peritoneal administration of 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) can recapitulate a lupus-like syndrome in mice, which can develop into DPH within a few weeks, especially in C57BL/6 mice. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), a leukocyte adhesion molecule, is known to play a role in inflammation by regulating migration of leukocytes into injured tissue. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of Mac-1 in pristane-induced DPH, using Mac-1−/− and wild-type (WT) mice on a C57BL/6 background. After pristane injection, Mac-1−/− mice showed reduced prevalence of DPH and attenuated peritonitis compared with WT mice. Analysis of the peritoneal lavage on days 5 and 10 after pristane treatment revealed increased numbers of eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages, but decreased numbers of neutrophils and classically activated macrophages in Mac-1−/− mice compared with WT. Enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-13, both key mediators of macrophage polarization toward the mannose receptor+ (MMR+) phenotype, was observed in the peritoneal cavity of Mac-1−/− mice. Depletion of neutrophils and eosinophils or adoptive transfer of classically activated macrophages resulted in the exacerbation of pristane-mediated DPH in both WT and Mac-1−/− mice. Moreover, peritoneal transfer of F4/80highMMR+ alternatively activated macrophages successfully reduced the prevalence of DPH in WT mice. Collectively, Mac-1 promoted acute inflammatory responses in the peritoneal cavity and the lungs by downregulating granulocyte migration and subsequent phenotypic conversion of macrophages in a pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus model.
Relationship Status Moderates Men’s Conspicuous Consumption of Smartphones
Authors: Hennighausen Christine , Schwab Frank
Published: October 2014

By applying the handicap principle, researchers have investigated men’s conspicuous purchases of high-status products as part of sexual signaling systems. Studies have suggested that, as part of short-term mating strategies, men are particularly willing to engage in conspicuous consumption to attract mates. Yet, this research has neglected to examine how relationship status influences conspicuous consumption. In our web-based study involving 352 participants (229 women), men tending towards short-term mating reported greater purchase intentions for a high-status smartphone only when single or in uncommitted relationships, while no association surfaced between mating strategy and conspicuous consumption among men in committed relationships. Results also revealed that, independent of mating strategy and income, single men and men in uncommitted relationships were more willing to purchase a low-status smartphone. Relationship status did not affect women’s conspicuous consumption. With these findings, we argue that relationship status significantly moderates men’s conspicuous consumption, as well as discuss purchases of low-status products as possible signals of men’s interest in long-term mating.
Ein nanoskaliges Supramolekül jenseits der Fulleren‐Topologie
Authors: Dielmann Fabian , Heindl Claudia , Hastreiter Florian , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Virovets Alexander V. , Gschwind Ruth M. , Scheer Manfred
Published: October 2014

Die Reaktion von [CpBnFe(η5‐P5)] (1) (CpBn=η5‐C5(CH2Ph)5) mit CuI ergibt selektiv das neue sphärische Supramolekül (CH2Cl2)3.4@[(CpBnFeP5)12{CuI}54(MeCN)1.46] (2), welches eine Verknüpfung von Gerüstatomen jenseits der Fulleren‐Topologie zeigt. Sein ausgedehntes CuI‐Gerüst weist einen Außendurchmesser von 3.7 nm auf – eine Größe, die bisher nicht erreicht wurde, wenn fünffach symmetrische Bausteine hierfür verwendet wurden. Weiterhin weist 2 eine bemerkenswerte Löslichkeit in CH2Cl2 auf, und NMR‐Experimente belegen, dass das Gerüst des Supramoleküls in Lösung intakt bleibt. Zusätzlich wurde das neue 2D‐Polymer [{CpBnFe(η5‐P5)}2{Cu6(μ‐I)2(μ3‐I)4}]n (3) mit einem ungewöhnlichen Strukturmotiv isoliert. Seine Bildung kann durch einen großen Überschuss an CuI in der Reaktion mit 1 verhindert werden.
One‐Pot Transformation of Simple Furans into 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclopentenones in Water
Authors: Kalaitzakis Dimitris , Triantafyllakis Myron , Alexopoulou Ioanna , Sofiadis Manolis , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: October 2014

A highly efficient one‐pot transformation of readily accessible furans into 4‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclopentenones in H2O, using singlet oxygen as oxidant, has been developed.
An Ylide Transformation of Rhodium(I) Carbene: Enantioselective Three‐Component Reaction through Trapping of Rhodium(I)‐Associated Ammonium Ylides by β‐Nitroacrylates
Authors: Ma Xiaochu , Jiang Jun , Lv Siying , Yao Wenfeng , Yang Yang , Liu Shunying , Xia Fei , Hu Wenhao
Published: October 2014

The chiral RhI–diene‐catalyzed asymmetric three‐component reaction of aryldiazoacetates, aromatic amines, and β‐nitroacrylates was achieved to obtain γ‐nitro‐α‐amino‐succinates in good yields and with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. This reaction is proposed to proceed through the enantioselective trapping of RhI‐associated ammonium ylides by nitroacrylates. This new transformation represents the first example of RhI‐carbene‐induced ylide transformation.
Understanding the Role of Gold Nanoparticles in Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Manganese Oxides in Water Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Kuo Chung‐Hao , Li Weikun , Pahalagedara Lakshitha , El‐Sawy Abdelhamid M. , Kriz David , Genz Nina , Guild Curtis , Ressler Thorsten , Suib Steven L. , He Jie
Published: October 2014

The Earth‐abundant and inexpensive manganese oxides (MnOx) have emerged as an intriguing type of catalysts for the water oxidation reaction. However, the overall turnover frequencies of MnOx catalysts are still much lower than that of nanostructured IrO2 and RuO2 catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that doping MnOx polymorphs with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can result in a strong enhancement of catalytic activity for the water oxidation reaction. It is observed that, for the first time, the catalytic activity of MnOx/AuNPs catalysts correlates strongly with the initial valence of the Mn centers. By promoting the formation of Mn3+ species, a small amount of AuNPs (<5 %) in α‐MnO2/AuNP catalysts significantly improved the catalytic activity up to 8.2 times in the photochemical and 6 times in the electrochemical system, compared with the activity of pure α‐MnO2.
Highly Specific Electrochemical Analysis of Cancer Cells using Multi‐Nanoparticle Labeling
Authors: Wan Ying , Zhou Yi‐Ge , Poudineh Mahla , Safaei Tina Saberi , Mohamadi Reza M. , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: October 2014

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be collected noninvasively and provide a wealth of information about tumor phenotype. For this reason, their specific and sensitive detection is of intense interest. Herein, we report a new, chip‐based strategy for the automated analysis of cancer cells. The nanoparticle‐based, multi‐marker approach exploits the direct electrochemical oxidation of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to report on the presence of specific surface markers. The electrochemical assay allows simultaneous detection of multiple different biomarkers on the surfaces of cancer cells, enabling discrimination between cancer cells and normal blood cells. Through multiplexing, it further enables differentiation among distinct cancer cell types. We showcase the technology by demonstrating the detection of cancer cells spiked into blood samples.
Liquid‐Free Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Balaish Moran , Peled Emanuel , Golodnitsky Diana , Ein‐Eli Yair
Published: October 2014

Non‐aqueous lithium–oxygen batteries are considered as most advanced power sources, albeit they are facing numerous challenges concerning almost each cell component. Herein, we diverge from the conventional and traditional liquid‐based non‐aqueous Li–O2 batteries to a Li–O2 system based on a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE‐) and operated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the polymer electrolyte, where useful and most applicable conductivity values are easily achieved. The proposed SPE‐based Li‐O2 cell is compared to Li–O2 cells based on ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme) through potentiodynamic and galvanostatic studies, showing a higher cell discharge voltage by 80 mV and most significantly, a charge voltage lower by 400 mV. The solid‐state battery demonstrated a comparable discharge‐specific capacity to glyme‐based Li–O2 cells when discharged at the same current density. The results shown here demonstrate that the safer PEO‐based Li–O2 battery is highly advantageous and can potentially replace the contingent of liquid‐based cells upon further investigation.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Mandelic Acid Esters by N,N′‐Dioxide–Scandium‐Complex‐Catalyzed Enantiomer‐Selective Acylation
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Liu Xiaohua , Zhou Lin , Wu Wangbin , Huang Tianyu , Liao Yuting , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: October 2014

A simple and efficient acylative kinetic resolution of racemic mandelic acid esters was accomplished with a chiral N,N’‐dioxide–scandium(III) complex under mild and base‐free reaction conditions. A variety of mandelic acid esters performed well in the reaction, obtaining both acylated products (up to 49% yield, 97% ee) and recovered substrates (up to 49% yield, 95% ee) in high enantioselectivities with perfect selectivity factors (up to 247). The enantioselective recognition and catalytic models were also proposed for the catalytic KR reaction.
Green Colorants Based on Energetic Azole Borates
Authors: Glück Johann , Klapötke Thomas M. , Rusan Magdalena , Stierstorfer Jörg
Published: October 2014

The investigation of green‐burning boron‐based compounds as colorants in pyrotechnic formulations as alternative for barium nitrate, which is a hazard to health and to the environment, is reported. Metal‐free and nitrogen‐rich dihydrobis(5‐aminotetrazolyl)borate salts and dihydrobis(1,3,4‐triazolyl)borate salts have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and vibrational spectroscopy. Their thermal and energetic properties have been determined as well. Several pyrotechnic compositions using selected azolyl borate salts as green colorants were investigated. Formulations with ammonium dinitramide and ammonium nitrate as oxidizers and boron and magnesium as fuels were tested. The burn time, dominant wavelength, spectral purity, luminous intensity, and luminous efficiency as well as the thermal and energetic properties of these compositions were measured.
Thermodynamic Study of Dihydrogen Phosphate Dimerisation and Complexation with Novel Urea‐ and Thiourea‐Based Receptors
Authors: Bregović Nikola , Cindro Nikola , Frkanec Leo , Užarević Krunoslav , Tomišić Vladislav
Published: October 2014

Complexation of dihydrogen phosphate by novel thiourea and urea receptors in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide was studied in detail by an integrated approach by using several methods (isothermal titration calorimetry, ESI‐MS, and 1H NMR and UV spectroscopy). Thermodynamic investigations into H2PO4− dimerisation, which is a process that has been frequently recognised, but rarely quantitatively described, were carried out as well. The corresponding equilibrium was taken into account in the anion‐binding studies, which enabled reliable determination of the complexation thermodynamic quantities. In both solvents the thiourea derivatives exhibited considerably higher binding affinities with respect to those containing the urea moiety. In acetonitrile, 1:1 and 2:1 (anion/receptor) complexes formed, whereas in dimethyl sulfoxide only the significantly less stable complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry were detected. The solvent effects on the thermodynamic parameters of dihydrogen phosphate dimerisation and complexation reactions are discussed.
Mechanistic Study of Silver‐Mediated Furan Formation by Oxidative Coupling
Authors: Daru János , Benda Zsuzsanna , Póti Ádám , Novák Zoltán , Stirling András
Published: October 2014

Density functional calculations and experiments have been carried out to unravel the mechanism of a silver‐mediated furan formation by oxidative coupling. Various possible reaction paths were considered and the most favorable channel has been identified on the basis of the calculated solvent‐corrected Gibbs free‐energy profiles. The mechanism represented by this route consists of a radical and a subsequent ionic route. The silver cation has a double role in the mechanism: it is the oxidant in the radical steps and the catalyst for the ionic steps, which is in accordance with the experimental observations. The two most important aspects of the optimal route are the formation of a silver–acetylide, reacting subsequently with the enolate radical, and the aromatic furan‐ring formation in a single step at the latter, ionic segment of the reaction path. Our findings could explain several experimental observations, including the “key‐promoter role” of silver, the preference for ionic cyclization, and the reduced reactivity of internal acetylides.
A Well‐Defined Monomeric Aluminum Complex as an Efficient and General Catalyst in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley Reduction
Authors: McNerney Brian , Whittlesey Bruce , Cordes David B. , Krempner Clemens
Published: October 2014

The metal‐catalyzed Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction allows for the mild and sustainable reduction of aldehydes and ketones but has not found widespread application in organic synthesis due to the high catalyst loading often required to obtain satisfactory yields of the reduced product. We report here on the synthesis and structure of a sterically extremely overloaded siloxide‐supported aluminum isopropoxide capable of catalytically reducing a wide range of aldehydes and ketones (52 examples) in excellent yields under mild conditions and with low catalyst loadings. The unseen activity of the developed catalyst system in MPV reductions is due to its unique monomeric nature and the neutral donor isopropanol weakly coordinating to the aluminum center. The present work implies that monomeric aluminum alkoxide catalysts may be attractive alternatives to transition‐metal‐based systems for the selective reduction of aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols.