bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole Genome CRISPR Screening Strategy to Identify Genes Contributing to SARS-CoV-2 Spike and VSV-G Mediated Entry.
Authors: Hoppe Adam , Hossain Md Saddam , Kerkvliet Jason G.
Published: August 2023

Background Understanding the cellular host factors that promote
and inhibit viral entry is important for identifying viral
countermeasures. CRISPR whole genome screens can be used to rapidly
discover host factors that contribute to or impair viral entry. However,
when using the live viruses and cellular lethality for selection, these
screens can identify an overwhelming number of genes without specificity
for the stage of the viral infection cycle. New screening methods are
needed to identify host machinery contributing to specific steps of
viral infection. Here, we developed a CRISPR whole genome screen and
counter screen strategy based on a pseudoviral platform that allowed
identification of genes specific to SARS-CoV-2 spike and vesicular
stomatitis virus glycoprotein VSV-G mediated entry. Methods To
focus the screen onto the entry step, we used non-lytic fluorescent
reporters in combination with a comparative counter screen strategy to
distinguish host genes affecting the pseudoviral reporter from those
unique to envelope-mediated entry. Screening of SARS-CoV-2 spike and
VSV-G on the same lentiviral pseudovirus allowed identification of
entry-specific genes relative to genes associated with
retro-transcription, integration, and reporter expression from the
lentiviral pseudovirus. Second, a Cre-Gag fusion protein in the
pseudovirus was used to bypass retro-transcription and integration by
directly activating a floxed GFP reporter upon entry to reduce the
number of gene hits and increase specificity for viral entry.
Results Our approach correctly identified SARS-CoV-2 and VSV-G
receptors ACE2 and LDLR, respectively and distinguished genes associated
with retroviral reporter expression from envelope-mediated entry.
Moreover, the CRE-Gag fusion/flox reporter increased the screen
specificity for viral entry associated genes. Validation of a few hits
demonstrates that this approach distinguishes envelope-specific host
factors from genes affecting reporter expression. Conclusion
Overall, this approach provides a new strategy for identifying host
genes influencing viral entry without the confounding complexity of
live-viral screens which produce long gene lists associated with all
aspects of viral pathogenesis and replication. This approach provides a
pathway for increasing the specificity of CRISPR whole genome screens
for identifying host genes contributing to specific steps in viral
infection.
Molecular characterization of VP6 and NSP4 genes of unusual G and P Rotavirus group A isolated from children with acute gastroenteritis
Authors: Tatsi Elizabeth-Barbara , Dellis Charilaos , Koukou Dimitra-Maria , Filippatos Filippos , Vetouli Evaggelia-Eirini , Michos A. , Syriopoulou Vassiliki
Published: August 2023

Group A Rotavirus (RVA), which causes acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in
children worldwide, is categorized mainly based on VP7 (genotype G) and
VP4 (genotype P) genes. Genotypes that circulate at <1% are
considered unusual. Important genes are also VP6 (genotype I) and NSP4
(genotype E). VP6 establishes the group and affects immunogenicity,
while NSP4, as enterotoxin, is responsible for the clinical symptoms.
Aim of this study was to genotype and molecularly characterize the VP6
and NSP4 genes of unusual RVA. Unusual RVA strains isolated from fecal
samples of children ≤16 years with AGE, were genotyped in VP6 and NSP4
genes with Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetics was performed using the MEGA
11 program. In a 15-year period (2007-2021), 54.8% (34/62) of unusual
RVA were successfully I and E genotyped. Three different I and E
genotypes were identified; I2 (73.5%, 25/34) and E2 (35.3%, 12/34)
were the commonest. E3 genotype was detected from 2017 onwards. The
uncommon combination of I2-E3 was found in 26.5% (9/34) of the strains
and G3-P[9]-I2-E3 was the most frequent G-P-I-E combination (20.6%,
7/34). Statistical analysis showed that children infected with E2
strains had a higher relative frequency of dehydration (50%) compared
to those with the E3 genotype ( p=0.019). Multiple substitutions
were detected in both genes, but their functional effect remains
unknown. The results of this study highlight the genetic diversity of
RVA strains. Continuous surveillance of the RVA based on the whole
genome will provide a better knowledge of its evolution.
Single-stage procedure combining Nissen Fundoplication and Subtotal Functional Sialoadenectomy for neurologically impaired children with Chronic Lung Aspiration: “the best with the least” approach
Authors: Zarfati Angelo , BATTAGLIA Sonia , CAMANNI Daniela , ADORISIO Ottavio , PEPPO Francesco DE
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Lung Aspiration (CLA) is a major cause for
repeated hospitalizations in neurologically impaired (NI) children. This
can be due to both gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and drooling.
Successful surgical treatment of GERD alone does not guarantee the
prevention of further episodes of inhalation. The aim of the study was
to analyze our experience with combined surgical treatment of GERD and
drooling, consisting in a single-stage procedure combining Nissen
Fundoplication (NF) and Subtotal Functional Sialoadenectomy (SFS).
METHODS: retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated in our
pediatric tertiary center (period: 2012-20). Inclusion criteria: NI
pediatric patients with CLA, with simultaneous refractory GERD and
drooling, minimal follow-up (FU) ≥12 months. RESULTS: 17 patients were
included. Before surgery, 4 (24%) had ≤1 aspiration pneumonia/year,
while 13 (76%) had recurring episodes (≥2 per year) before surgery. The
median age at surgery was 8.2 years-old (range: 0.8-18.5). Three
patients (17%) had early major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa). No
surgery related death occurred. During the follow-up, the study
population showed a significant decrease in vomiting/regurgitation
(p=0.0004), drooling (p=0.0039), and mean episodes of pneumonia/year
(p=0.0009). One patient (6%) needed to re-do fundoplication for GERD
recurrence. One patient underwent tracheostomy due to respiratory
failure. Conclusions: A combination of NF and SFS may be considered for
NI patients with CLA caused by refractory GERD and drooling. This
approach could effectively treat symptoms and slow respiratory
deterioration in this high-risk subgroup of patients, reducing the rate
of patients necessitating a tracheostomy to manage pulmonary secretions.
Selection Over Small and Large Spatial Scales in the Face of High Gene Flow
Authors: Rumberger Camille , Armstrong Madison , Kim Martin , Melendez Josue , Ponce Raquel , DeBiasse Melissa , Caplins Serena , Bay Rachael
Published: August 2023

The interaction between selection and gene flow can determine to what
degree populations are able to adapt to local environmental conditions.
This presents a particular conundrum in marine systems, as many marine
species have high dispersal capacity resulting in nearly panmictic
populations. Increasingly, genomic studies find that even in systems
with little or no population structure divergence at particular loci may
indicate local adaptation in the presence of high gene flow. However we
are just beginning to understand which environmental variables might be
the strongest drivers of selection in marine systems and the functional
outcomes of genetic variants that are candidates for selection. Here, we
leverage fine-scale sampling across the California range of the Pacific
Purple Urchin (Strongylocentrutus purpuratus), a species with previous
evidence of both local adaptation and extremely high gene flow. We find
that despite complete absence of neutral population structure, sea
surface temperature and tidal height drive genetic differences among
populations, suggesting that balanced polymorphisms can lead to
adaptation across both large scale (latitudinal) and small scale
(subtidal v. intertidal) scales. Further, we find that genes that are
expressed at a single tissue or life history stage are more divergent
than expected across both latitudinal and tidal height comparisons,
suggesting that these genes have specific functions that might generate
phenotypic variation important for local adaptation. Together these
results suggest that even in panmictic populations genetic variation can
be sorted across even small spatial scales, potentially resulting in
local adaptation across a complex environmental mosaic.
A STUDY OF ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN SPHENOID SINUSES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH EXTENT OF DISEASE USING MODIFIED LUND MACKAY STAGING SYSTEM
Authors: Rajeev Karthika , S RAVISHANKARA , CHETHANA C.S
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to detect the incidence of
anatomical variations of sphenoid sinus and its association with the
extent of disease using Modified Lund Mackay staging system. METHOD:
Cross sectional study . SETTING: A tertiary care centre. PARTICIPANTS:
201 patients with history of chronic rhinosinusitis attended the
outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology were subjected for
CT-paranasal sinus from November 2016 to May 2018. MAIN OUTCOME
MEASURES: CT paranasal sinus was performed 16 slice CT machine .The
radiological findings of sphenoid were characterized by Modified
Lund-Mackay staging system and the points were awarded on both sides
separately. RESULTS: The mean age of study were 37.6(SD=11.4). Regarding
the incidence of anatomical variations in sphenoid sinus observations
were
hypoplasia(right-0.5%,left-2.5%),agenesis(right-0.5%),pneumatization
of pterygoid process(right-49.3%,left-40.3%),pneumatization of
anterior clinoid process(right-27.4%,left-15.9%),pneumatization of
greater wing of sphenoid(right-5%,left-4.5%),protrusion
(right-3.5%,left-1%) and dehiscence (right-1.5%,left-2.5%) of
internal carotid artery, protrusion (right-3.5%,left-3%) and
dehiscence (right-4%,left-4%) of optic nerve,protrusion
(right-4%,left-4%) and dehiscence (right-1%,left-1%) of maxillary
nerve, protrusion (right-37.3%,left-33.3%) and dehiscence
(right-1.5%,left-1.5%) of vidian canal,onodi
cell(right-7%,left-7%),conchal(right-0.5%,left-0.5%),sellar(right-85.1%,left-82.1%),presellar
(right-6%,left-4%), postsellar(right-7.5%,left-5.5%) and
intersphenoid septum – absent(1.5%),single(77.6%),accessory
(right-16.9%%,left-4.5%). There was statistically significant
association between pneumatization of pterygoid, anterior clinoid,
greater wing of sphenoid, protrusion of vidian canal and sphenoid
sinusitis. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to know the variations of
sphenoid sinus and care should be observed to avoid complications during
surgery on patients carrying these variations. KEYWORDS:
anatomical variations; chronic rhinosinusitis ; sphenoid sinus ; CT
paranasal sinus ; modified Lund Mackay staging  .
Source of radio emissions induced by the Galilean moons Io, Europa and Ganymede: in situ measurements by Juno
Authors: Louis Corentin Kenelm , Louarn Philippe , Collet Brieuc , Clément Noé , Saati Sariah Al , Szalay Jamey R. , Hue Vincent , Lamy Laurent , Kotsiaros Stavros , Kurth William S , Jackman Caitriona M , Wang Yuxian , Blanc Michel F. , Allegrini Frederic , Connerney John E. P. , Gershman Daniel J
Published: August 2023

At Jupiter, part of the auroral radio emissions are induced by the
Galilean moons Io, Europa and Ganymede. Until now, except for Ganymede,
they have been only remotely detected, using ground-based
radio-telescopes or electric antennas aboard spacecraft. The polar
trajectory of the Juno orbiter allows the spacecraft to cross the range
of magnetic flux tubes which sustain the various Jupiter-satellite
interactions, and in turn to sample in situ the associated radio
emission regions. In this study, we focus on the detection and the
characterization of radio sources associated with Io, Europa and
Ganymede. Using electric wave measurements or radio observations
(Juno/Waves), in situ electron measurements (Juno/JADE-E), and magnetic
field measurements (Juno/MAG) we demonstrate that the Cyclotron Maser
Instability (CMI) driven by a loss-cone electron distribution function
is responsible for the encountered radio sources. We confirmed that
radio emissions are associated with Main (MAW) or Reflected Alfvén Wing
(RAW), but also show that for Europa and Ganymede, induced radio
emissions are associated with Transhemispheric Electron Beam (TEB). For
each traversed radio source, we determine the latitudinal extension, the
CMI-resonant electron energy, and the bandwidth of the emission. We show
that the presence of Alfvén perturbations and downward field aligned
currents are necessary for the radio emissions to be amplified.
Upper-mantle anisotropy in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau revealed by fullwave SKS splitting intensity tomography
Authors: Lin Yi , Zhao Li
Published: August 2023

The southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has experienced complex
deformation since the Cenozoic, resulting in a high level of seismicity
and seismic hazard. Knowledge about the seismic anisotropy provides
important insight into the deformation mechanism and the regional
seismotectonics beneath this tectonically active region. In this study,
we conduct a fullwave multi-scale tomography to investigate the seismic
anisotropy in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Broadband
records from 470 teleseismic events at 111 permanent stations in the
region are used to obtain 5,216 high-quality SKS splitting intensity
measurements, which are then inverted in conjunction with 3D sensitivity
kernels to obtain the anisotropic model for the region with a
multi-scale resolution. Resolution tests show that our dataset recovers
anisotropy anomalies reasonably well on the scale of 1º x 1º
horizontally and ~100 km vertically. Our result suggests
that in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau the deformations
in the lithosphere and asthenosphere are decoupled. The anisotropy in
the lithosphere varies both laterally and vertically as a result of the
dynamic interactions of neighboring blocks as well as lithospheric
reactivation. The anisotropy in the asthenosphere largely follows the
direction of regional absolute plate motion, i.e. southeastward under
the Songpan-Ganzi Terrane and the Yangtze Craton and nearly east-west
south of 26ºN latitude. The SKS splitting observed at the surface can be
interpreted as the vertical integration of the contributions from
lithosphere and asthenosphere.
Physical and Unphysical Causes of Nonstationarity in the Relationship between Barents-Kara Sea Ice and the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Strommen Kristian , Cooper Fenwick
Published: August 2023

The role of internal variability in generating an apparent link between
autumn Barents-Kara sea ice (BKS) and the winter North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO) has been intensely debated. In particular, the
robustness and causality of the link has been questioned by showing that
BKS-NAO correlations exhibit nonstationarity in both reanalysis and
climate model simulations. We show that the lack of ice observations
makes analysis of nonstationarity using reanalysis questionable in the
period 1950-1970 and effectively impossible prior to 1950. Model
simulations are used to corroborate an argument that nonstationarity is
nevertheless expected due to changes in the ice edge variability due to
global warming. Consequently, changes in BKS-NAO correlations over time
may simply reflect that the ice edge has moved, rather than that there
is no causal link. We discuss potential implications for analysis based
on coupled climate models, which exhibit large ice edge biases.
Automated Detection of Short-term Slow Slip Events in Southwest Japan
Authors: Ma Yiming , Montiel Fabien
Published: August 2023

Inferring from the occurrence pattern of slow slip events (SSEs) the
probability of triggering a damaging earthquake within the nearby
velocity weakening portion of the plate interface is critical for hazard
mitigation. Although robust methods exist to detect long-term SSEs
consistently and efficiently, detecting short-term SSEs remains a
challenge. In this study, we propose a novel statistical approach,
called singular spectrum analysis isolate-detect (SSAID), for
automatically estimating the start and end times of short-term SSEs in
GPS data. The method recasts the problem of detecting SSEs as that of
detecting change-points in a piecewise signal. This is achieved by
obscuring the deviation from piecewise-linearity in the underlying SSE
signals using added noise. We verify its effectiveness on a range of
model-generated synthetic SSE data with different noise levels, and
demonstrate its superior performance compared to two existing methods.
We illustrate its capability in detecting short-term SSEs in observed
GPS data using 36 GPS stations in southwest Japan via the co-occurrence
of non-volcanic tremors, hypothesis tests and fault estimation.
Global-scale evaluation of coastal ocean alkalinity enhancement in a fully-coupled Earth system model
Authors: Palmiéri Julien , Yool Andrew
Published: August 2023

The Paris Climate Accords plan for “net-zero” carbon dioxide (CO2) by
2050. However, reducing emissions from some sectors is challenging, and
“net-zero” permits carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities. One CDR
scheme is ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), which proposes to dissolve
basic minerals into seawater to increase its total alkalinity (TA) and
buffering capacity for CO2. While modelling studies have often
investigated OAE by adding TA to the ocean’s surface at basin or global
scale, some proposals focus on readily-accessible coastal shelves, with
TA added through the dissolution of olivine sands. Critically, by
settling and dissolving sands on shallow seafloors, this retains the
added TA in near-surface waters in direct contact with atmospheric CO2.
To investigate this, we add dissolved TA to the global shelves
(<100m) of an Earth system model (UKESM1) running a high
emissions scenario. As UKESM1 is fully-coupled, wider effects of
OAE-mediated increase in ocean CO2 uptake –e.g. atmospheric xCO2, air
temperature and marine pH– are fully-quantified. Applying OAE from
2020-2100 decreases atmospheric xCO2 ~10 ppm, and
increases air-to-sea CO2 uptake ~8%. Due to advection
of added TA, ~50% of this uptake occurs remotely from
OAE operations. In-line with other studies, CO2 uptake per unit of TA
added occurs at a rate of
~0.8~mol~C~(mol~TA)$^{-1}$,
though this is elevated in enclosed regions. Meanwhile, changes in air
temperature and marine pH are indistinguishable from natural
variability. While practical uncertainties and model representation
caveats remain, this analysis estimates the effectiveness of this
specific OAE scheme to assist with net-zero planning.
Time resolved reflectivity measurements of convective clouds
Authors: Dolan Brenda , Kollias Pavlos , Heever Susan C van den , Rasmussen Kristen , Oue Mariko , Luke Edward P. , Lamer Katia , Treserras Bernat P , Haddad Ziad S , Stephens Graeme , Chandrasekar V
Published: August 2023

NASA’s Investigations of Convective Updrafts (INCUS) mission aims to
document convective updraft mass flux through changes in the radar
reflectivity (ΔZ) in convective cores captured by a constellation of
three Ka-band radars sampling the same convective cells over intervals
of 30, 90 and 120 s. Here, high spatiotemporal resolution observations
of convective cores from surface-based radars that use agile sampling
techniques are used to evaluate aspects of the INCUS measurement
approach using real observations. Analysis of several convective cells
confirms that large coherent ΔZ structure with measurable signal
(> 5 dB) can occur in less than 30 s and are correlated
with underlying convective motions. The analysis indicates that the
INCUS mission radar footprint and along track sampling are adequate to
capture most of the desirable ΔZ signals. This unique demonstration of
reflectivity time-lapse provides the framework for estimating convective
mass flux independent from Doppler techniques with future radar
observations.
Improved Parameterizations of Vertical Ice-Ocean Boundary Layers and Melt Rates
Authors: Zhao Ken , Skyllingstad Eric , Nash Jonathan D
Published: August 2023

Buoyancy fluxes and glacial melt rates at vertical ice-ocean interfaces
are commonly parameterized using theories derived for unbounded free
plumes. A Large Eddy Simulation is used to analyze the disparate
dynamics of free plumes and wall-bounded plumes; the distinctions
between the two are supported by recent theoretical and experimental
advances and demonstrate that unbounded plume theory does not adequately
represent plume/boundary layer dynamics at ice-ocean interfaces.
Modifications to parameterizations consistent with these simulations are
tested and compared to results from numerical and laboratory experiments
of meltwater plumes. These modifications include 50\%
weaker entrainment and a distinct plume-driven friction velocity in the
shear boundary layer up to 8 times greater than the externally-driven
friction velocity. Using these modifications leads to 40 times the
ambient melt rate predicted by commonly used parameterizations at
vertical glaciers faces, which is consistent (and necessary for
consistency) with observed melt rates at LeConte Glacier, Alaska.
Temperature and organic matter quantity drive CO2 and CH4 fluxes in isolated pools of non-perennial rivers
Authors: Silverthorn Teresa , Azougui Abdelkader , López-Rojo Naiara , Colas Fanny , Chanudet Vincent , Datry Thibault
Published: August 2023

Rivers are important contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG)
exchange with the atmosphere. However, much less is known about
biogeochemical dynamics in rivers when they dry, particularly in
isolated pools created by drying. Our objective was to examine the
effects of water temperature and allochthonous organic matter (OM)
quantity on carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes in isolated
pools. We used an automated analyzer to measure CO2 and CH4 from 36
mesocosms filled with sediments and water from a non-perennial river,
with temperature (20, 25, 30 °C) and Alnus glutinosa leaf litter (2g,
5g, 10 g) manipulations in triplicate. We found positive individual
effects of water temperature and OM quantity on CO2 fluxes, and a
synergistic effect of water temperature and OM on CH4 fluxes during the
late stages of the incubation. Given the increase in water temperature
and OM inputs in rivers associated with climate change, our results
indicate an associated increase in CO2, and a disproportionate increase
in CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere, potentially contributing towards a
positive climate feedback loop.
Distinct Mixing Regimes in Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Arieli Yael , Eytan Eshkol , Altaratz Orit , Khain Alexander , Koren Ilan
Published: August 2023

Understanding the nature of mixing between cloudy air and its
surroundings is an important and yet, open question. In this research,
we use high-resolution (10m) bin-microphysics LES of a cumulus cloud,
together with a Lagrangian passive tracer tracking method, to study
mixing. We analyze the passive tracers as a function of their
trajectories and the thermodynamic conditions they undergo inside and
outside the cloud. Three main mixing regimes (core, periphery, and skin)
are identified, each determining a subset of tracers with similar
trajectories. These mixing regimes can be observed throughout the
cloud’s lifetime. At the dissipation stage, a fourth regime is
identified: cloud-top entrainment followed by downdrafts.
Reconciling modelled and observed Δ17O(NO3-) in Beijing winter haze with heterogeneous chlorine chemistry
Authors: Zhang Zhongyi , Jiang Zhuang , Zhou Tao , Geng Lei
Published: August 2023

The air quality in Chinese megacities has been improved as indicated by
large decreases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) due to remarkable
decreases in key precursors (e.g., SO2, NOx) after the implementation of
strict mitigation strategies. However, nitrate concentrations in PM2.5
(p-NO3-) have not decreased and mass fractions of p-NO3- in PM2.5 have
increased, especially during wintertime haze events. Discerning chemical
mechanisms leading to nitrate growth during haze events is critical to
implement effective mitigation policies. Chemical transport models
incorporating oxygen isotope anomaly of nitrate (Δ17O(NO3-)) have been
widely used to investigate nitrate formation mechanisms, showing general
consensus on the modelled and observed Δ17O(NO3-). However, under
Beijing haze days, the same model tends to underestimate observed
Δ17O(NO3-). Here we compiled reported Δ17O(NO3-) data in Beijing haze
along with relevant observational parameters (e.g., OH total reactivity,
peroxyl radical concentrations), tested assumptions on Δ17O of key
precursors (e.g., OH and NO2), re-calculated Δ17O(NO3-) and compared
with observations. Our results indicate that considering heterogeneous
N2O5 reactions on Cl–containing aerosols with a ClNO2 yield of
~ 0.75 can explain the observed high Δ17O(NO3-).
According to the Δ17O(NO3-) data, this heterogeneous N2O5 + Cl-
chemistry can explain ~ 60% of nighttime nitrate
production and makes daytime and nocturnal pathways equally important in
winter Beijing haze. Meanwhile, the high yield of ClNO2 means that on
the following day the subsequent photolysis of ClNO2 would enhance
atmospheric oxidation capacity and promote haze pollution, highlighting
the critical role of reactive chlorine chemistry in air
pollution/chemistry in inland cities
Glutamine production by Glul promotes thermogenic adipocyte differentiation through Prdm9-mediated H3K4me3 and transcriptional reprogramming
Authors: Pan Xiaowen , Ye Lingxia , Guo Xiaozhen , Wang Weihua , Zhang Ziyin , Wang Qintao , Huang Jingjing , Xu Jingya , Cai Yanhan , Shou Xinxin , Wang Yuting , Feng Yu , Xie Cen , Shan Pengfei , Meng Zhuo-Xian
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes have been extensively investigated due to their energy dissipating property and therapeutic potential for obesity and diabetes. Besides serving as fuel sources, accumulating evidence suggests that intermediate metabolites play critical roles in multiple biological processes. However, their role in adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we report that human and mouse obesity is associated with marked downregulation of glutamine synthetase (Glul) expression and activity in thermogenic adipose tissues. Glul is robustly upregulated during brown adipocyte (BAC) differentiation and in brown adipose tissue (BAT) upon cold exposure and Cl316,243 stimulation. Further genetic, pharmacologic, or metabolic manipulations of Glul and glutamine levels reveal that glutamine cell-autonomously stimulates BAC differentiation and function, BAT tissue remodeling, and improves systemic energy homeostasis in mice. Mechanistically, glutamine promotes transcriptional induction of adipogenic and thermogenic gene programs through histone modification-mediated chromatin remodeling. Among all the glutamine-regulated writer and eraser genes responsible for histone methylation and acetylation, only Prdm9, a histone lysine methyltransferase, is robustly induced during BAC differentiation. Importantly, Prdm9 inactivation by shRNA knockdown or a selective inhibitor attenuates glutamine-triggered adipogenic and thermogenic induction. Further, Prdm9 gene transcription is regulated by glutamine through the recruitment of C/EBPb to its enhancer region. This work reveals glutamine as a novel activator of thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and uncovers an unexpected role of C/EBPb-Prdm9-mediated H3K4me3 and transcriptional reprogramming in adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis.

Article Highlight:

• Glutamine is a pivotal player in multiple biological processes and disease progression. However, its role in thermogenic adipocyte differentiation and function remains unclear.

• Through genetic, pharmacologic, or metabolic manipulations of Glul and glutamine levels, we investigated the role and mechanism of Glul/glutamine pathway in adipocyte thermogenesis and systemic homeostasis.

• We revealed that Glul-mediated glutamine production is critical for BAC differentiation, and uncovered an unexpected role of C/EBPb-Prdm9-mediated histone methylation and transcriptional reprogramming in this process.

• This work highlights the therapeutic and translational potential of targeting the Glul/glutamine/Prdm9 pathway to treat obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
Cultural and educational activities of the “Prosvita” society in the conditions of the border region of Galicia
Authors: Yuriy Mykhailo
Published: August 2023

The multifaceted nature of the boundary phenomenon causes difficulties in its application. Therefore, in order to study the phenomenon of the borderland, in the context of the ethno- geographical space, it is necessary to imagine the studied area as a borderland of cultures, ethnic groups, states, communities, traditions, norms and values or as a terrain in which social structures (spaces, dimensions) are superimposed on the geographical space of society, what is a goal of the article. The phenomenon of the border is that in its space of interaction new forms of solidarity of social communities arise, cross-border social networks are formed. The novelty of the study is formed in the processes of mutual attraction and mutual repulsion of cultural traditions and symbolic systems in the border zones became the arguments in favor of the study of borders as special socio-cultural phenomena with their own regional identity. As it turned out, these zones are characterized by a special system of interaction between “own” and “other”. Conclusions. The matrix of this interaction does not always coincide with territorial borders or demarcation lines. In the most general way the interpretation of the borderland as a category implies a constant stay on the border - between states, eras, cultures. One of its options is the territory of Halychyna, Bukovyna, Transcarpathia. When Ukrainians in difficult, dramatic conditions had to fight for their national self-identification through the development of Ukrainian education and culture in confrontation with foreign ruling state systems.
Analisis Praktik Citizen Journalism pada Akun Twitter Merapi Uncover dalam Menerapkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik
Authors: Agustina Dwi Pela , Jatmiko Adi Lugas
Published: August 2023

Advances in technology accompanied by the rapid development of social media have made it easier for people to disseminate information, from writing, reporting, to disseminating the information they encounter in everyday life. In producing information, an understanding of the journalistic code of ethics is needed so that the content shared does not create new conflicts in society. This research was conducted to find out how the journalistic code of ethics is applied to the Merapi Uncover Twitter account as a citizen journalism media. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, namely research that will describe, describe, explain, explain, or answer in more detail the existing problems. The following research results are obtained: (1) Merapi Uncover is included in citizen journalism because the information shared is a product of non-journalist citizens. (2) Merapi Uncover tries to apply journalistic elements, such as using the 5W+1H (What, Who, Where, When, Why, and How) writing guidelines. (3) Information produced by Merapi Uncover is prone to subpoenas, because the information produced is not always guided by a journalistic code of ethics.
Anatomical and Histological Development of the Union of Splice Grafting in Hazelnut
Authors: BALTA Fikri
Published: August 2023

The anatomical and histological development of the graft union in splice grafting in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) was examined. One-year suckers were used as rootstock and scion materials. Grafting was done manually in the first week of December. The grafted plants were kept for 28 days at 26-28 °C and 70-80% relative humidity conditions. The cross and longitudinal sections with a thickness of 12-20 microns taken from the graft union area by a rotary microtome 14, 18, 21, 26, 32, 52 ve 140 days after grafting were examined microscopically. Early callus proliferation from rootstock and particularly scion two weeks after grafting was generally slow. The initial cambial differentiations in callus tissues were seen in sections 18 days after grafting. Cambial continuity between rootstock and scion was established 32 days after grafting. The sections in the following periods exhibited that the graft partners were in vascular relationship. The development of the graft union was successfull with all its stages. It was observed that the amount of callus tissue proliferated during the first two weeks after grafting directed the subsequent development of the union. In this respect, it is thought that developing methods that encourage callus formation in the early periods of the union will increase the success in related studies. The anatomical and histological examinations revealed that rootstock and scion thicknesses that are very close to each other and accordingly well matching of graft partners from cambial zones affect the development of union positively and prepare a suitable basis for early vascular differentiation.
Tahrir Kayıtlarına Göre Dimetoka Mülkleri; Tımar ve Vakfa Dönüşümleri (1455-1530)
Authors: ÇOLAK Taner
Published: August 2023

Dimetoka, yaklaşık 5,5 asır Osmanlı Devleti hâkimiyeti altında kalan Balkan kasabalarından biridir. Osmanlıların Rumeli’deki ilk dönem fethettikleri yerler arasında sayılabilir. Bugün Yunanistan sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Dimetoka, Edirne’nin güneyinde, Uzunköprü’nün batısındadır. Bulunduğu coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Meriç nehri ile Kızıldeli çayının suladığı verimli topraklar üzerinde bulunmaktadır. Dimetoka, Osmanlı devletinin Rumeli’deki iskân coğrafyasında yer almaktadır. Şehrin iskânı ve imarı için Anadolu’dan Türk ve Müslüman halkın getirilerek yerleştirildiği bilinmektedir. Osmanlılar, şehirdeki iskân politikasını gerçekleştirmek için bölgeye yerleştirdiği halkı tımar, vakıf ve mülk sistemlerine adapte etmektedir. Bu nedenle Dimetoka, vakıfların, mülklerin ve çiftliklerin yoğun kurulduğu bir yerleşim yeri olduğu söylenilebilir. Bu makale Dimetoka’da var olan mülkler ile bunların tımar ve vakfa dönüşmesi üzerinde durmaktadır. 15. ve 16. asırlarda bu şehirdeki mülk kayıtları tahrir defterlerine kaydedilmiştir. Bu tahrir defterleri üzerinden yaptığımız çalışmada şehirdeki mülk araziler ve bunların tasarruf şekilleri hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Mülklerin edinilme şekilleri, sonraki kuşaklara aktarılma şekilleri, belirtilmiştir. Mülklerin kimlere nasıl verildiği ile nasıl tımar ve vakfa dönüştüğü üzerinde değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.
Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Tartışmalı Bir Bürokrat: Sururizâde Ali Nazif Bey (1865-1935)
Authors: AKPINAR Ozan Can
Published: August 2023

1865 yılında Antalya’da dünyaya gelen Sururizâde Ali Nazif Sururi, iyi bir eğitim alarak hukuk ile edebiyat alanlarında uzmanlaşmış ve çok sayıda eser kaleme almış bir bürokrattır. Memuriyet hayatına mülazemet görevini tamamladıktan sonra Amedî-i Divan-ı Hümayun gibi önemli bir dairede başlamış, 1901 yılında kendisine bürokratik anlamda ün kazandıracak olan Şura-yı Devlet azalığına tayin olmuştur. Ancak II. Abdülhamid’e sadık bir kişi olmasından ve hafiyelik yapmasından dolayı II. Meşrutiyet döneminde kadro harici kalmıştır. Hatta sonraki yıllarda Meşrutiyet aleyhtarlığı yaptığı gerekçesiyle sürgün dahi edilmiştir. Mütareke dönemine gelindiğinde ise bu sefer İngiliz Muhipleri Cemiyeti’nin kurucuları arasında yer almıştır. Fakat böyle bir geçmişi olmasına rağmen ilerleyen yıllarda Cumhuriyet yönetiminin savunduğu değerleri destekleyen yayınlar neşretmesi nedeniyle Cumhuriyet’in ilanının ardından kendisine dokunulmamış, bilakis devlet tecrübesinden faydalanılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu ifadelerle çalışmada, tartışmalarla dolu bir hayat hikayesi olan Sururizâde Ali Nazif Sururi’nin hayatı ve düşün dünyası dönemin ruhu içerisinde ele alınmıştır.
The effectiveness of Edel varieties cacao leaves extract as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis : an experimental study
Authors: Silvia Rizka Maya , Viandisa Chrysmyta Fiola , Prihanti Ayu Mashartini , Wahyukundari Melok Aris , Arina Yuliana Mahdiyah Da'at
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) are the two main bacteria that cause dental and oral disease. Cacao leaves have been reported to have antibacterial properties. However, the active compounds in cacao leaves vary depending on the age of the leaves and the place where these plants grow. This research aims to analyze the active ingredients and antibacterial effectiveness of the Edel varieties cacao leaves against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. Methods: This is an experimental study. The Cacao leaves from PTPN 12 Plantation Banjarsari Jember were extracted by the maceration technique in concentrations of 25, 50, 75%, and 100%. The  phytochemical test was then made using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The antibacterial activity of Cacao leaf extract against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was examined using the Disc Diffusion technique on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. Results: The Cacao leaf extract of the Edel varieties from Jember contained flavonoids, saponins, and tannins but did not contain alkaloids. In all concentrations tested, the Cacao leaf extract of the Edel varieties from Jember showed the inhibition zones of S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The concentration of 100% showed the greatest antibacterial activity (The highest antibacterial activity was observed at a concentration of 100%), which was moderate against S. aureus (10.98 mm ± 0,93) and strong against P. gingivalis (11.54 mm ± 0,41). There was a significant difference among concentrations in both the P.gingivalis and S.aureus bacterial groups (p<0.001). At the same concentration, there was no significant difference between P. gingivalis and S. aureus (p>0.001). Conclusion: Cacao leaf   extract of the Edel varieties contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins and has antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. gingivalis.KEYWORDScacao leaves extract, Edel varieties, antibacterial, S. aureus, P. gingivalis
La política exterior de China: 1978-1987
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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¿Para qué sirve conocer la historia social de la educación japonesa en la actualidad?
Authors: Mollis Marcela
Published: August 2023

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Agnes Smedley: radical y feminista
Authors: Botton Beja Flora
Published: August 2023

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La canción popular en la China medieval (Partes 4-6)
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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La duma de Wad Hamid de at-Tayyib Salih
Authors: Sanguinetti Adriana
Published: August 2023

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Robert S. Anderson y Walter Huber, The Hour of the Fox. Tropical Forests, the World Bank, and Indigenous Peoples in Central India. Seattle y Londres: University of Washington Press, 1988. 158 pp. Mapas y fotografías.
Authors: Devalle Susana B. C.
Published: August 2023

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Mamoru Iga, The Thorn in the Chrysanthemum. Suicide and Economic Success in Modern Japan, University of California Press, 1986, XIV + 213 pp.
Authors: Quartucci Guillermo
Published: August 2023

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Nguyen Van Canh, Vietnam under Communism, 1975-1982, Stanford, California, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1983, 312 pp. Archimedes L.A. Patti, Why Viet Nam? Prelude to America's Albatros, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1980, 612 pp.
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Linda Mason y Roger Brown, Rice, Rivalry and Politics. Managing Cambodian Relief, Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, 1983, 218 pp.
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Sexualidad y estratos sociales en el Japón premoderno
Authors: Quartucci Guillermo
Published: August 2023

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La teoría del dominó en el Sudeste asiático: el caso de Vietnam
Authors: Lamoyi Velázquez Sebastián
Published: August 2023

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Poesía erótica sánscrita
Authors: Preciado Solís Benjamín
Published: August 2023

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Luis González Reimann, Tiempo cíclico y eras del mundo en la India, El Colegio de México, México, 1989, 216 pp.
Authors: Preciado Solís Benjamín
Published: August 2023

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José Flavio Sombra Saravia, Formaçāo da Africa Contemporánea, Atual Editora, Ltda., São Paulo, 1987
Authors: Agudelo de Latapí Ma. Mercedes
Published: August 2023

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Robert A. Hill, y Barbara Bair, Marcus Garvey Life and Lessons, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1987.
Authors: Herrera Barreda María del Socorro
Published: August 2023

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Alex La Guma, And a Threefold Cord, Londres, Kliptown Books, 1988, 112 pp.
Authors: Fajer Flores Ana Luisa
Published: August 2023

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King C. Chen, China's War with Vietnam, 1979, Issues, Decisions and Implications, Standford, Hoover Institution Press, 1987. XIV-234 pp.
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Centro de Investigación sobre la Enseñanza de Idiomas, Instituto de Idiomas de Beijing, Xiandai Hanyü pinlüdician (Diccionario de frecuencia en el chino contemporáneo), Beijing, 1986. pp. Xviii + 1491.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Hugh B. O'Neill, Companion to Chinese History, Nueva York/Oxford, Facts of File Publications, 1987, pp. x + 397.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Corazones solitarios: los anuncios matrimoniales y la elección de la pareja en China
Authors: Botton Beja Flora , Cornejo Bustamante Romer
Published: August 2023

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Esbozo de una teología agraria hindú
Authors: Moreno Manuel
Published: August 2023

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Ralph Croizier, Art and Revolution in Modern China. The Lingnan (Cantonese) School of Painting, 1906-1951. University of California Press, Berkeley y Los Ángeles, 1988, xxiv + 224 pp.
Authors: Cornejo Bustamante Romer
Published: August 2023

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El cuento de Li Ji
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

Introducción y traducción: Russell Maeth Ch.
Poemas de Bei Dao
Authors: Cornejo Bustamante Romer , Ding Zixiong Tr. , Álvarez Mariela
Published: August 2023

Traducción del chino: Ding ZixiongVersión en español: Mariela ÁlvarezIntroducción: Romer Cornejo
Gustavo M. Vargas, Fusang; Chinos en América antes de Colón, Ed. Trillas, México, 1990, 168 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Kathleen Hartford y Steven M. Goldstein (comps.), Single sparks, China's rural revolutions, Armonk, Nueva York, M.E. Sharpe Inc., 1989, 216 pp. (Studies of the East Asian Institute Columbia University)
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Shum Kui-Kwong, The Chinese communists road to power the Anti-Japanese National United Front (1935-1945), Hong Kong, Oxford University Press, 1988, 312 pp.
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Stuart R. Schram (comp.), Foundations and limits of State power in China, School of Oriental and African Studies, Londres, 1987, pp. xxvii + 367 pp.
Authors: Haro Francisco Javier
Published: August 2023

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Religión y Estado: Islam y Occidente
Authors: Ruiz Figueroa Manuel
Published: August 2023

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La versión oficial
Authors: González Carmen
Published: August 2023

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Analogías y diferencias en el desarrollo agrícola de dos regiones tropicales: Los Altos de Chiapas (México) y Nghe-Tinh (Trung-Bo, Vietnam)
Authors: Nguyen Dac Simone A.
Published: August 2023

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Las canciones populares de Kabir
Authors: Álvarez Mariela , Lorenzen David
Published: August 2023

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Cuando los chinos traducen el chino al chino
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Indira Viswanathan Peterson, Poems to Shiva, The Hymns of the Tamil Saints, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1989, 382 pp. (Ilustraciones.) (Princeton Library of Asian Translations.)
Authors: Duque-Saberi Isabel A.
Published: August 2023

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Roger Daniels, Asian America. Chinese and Japanese in the United States since 1850, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1988, 384 pp.
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Pai Hsien-yung, Crystal Boys, Howard Goldblatt (trad.), San Francisco, Gay Sunshine Press, 1990, 330 pp.
Authors: Haro Francisco
Published: August 2023

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Kathleen Gough (1925-1990): antropóloga, asianista y crítica del papel de la antropología occidental
Authors: Devalle Susana B. C.
Published: August 2023

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Victor H. Mair, T'ang transformation Texts, Harvard, 1989, xxiii + 286 pp.
Authors: M. Ch. R.
Published: August 2023

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China: de la diplomacia revolucionaria a la diplomacia de paz y desarrollo
Authors: Connelly Marisela
Published: August 2023

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Abe Kooboo: la maleta
Authors: Quartucci Guillermo
Published: August 2023

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Pauline Huang y Carlos del Saz-Orozco (comps.). Poetas de la Dinastía T'ang. Barcelona, España: Plaza & Janes, 1983, 224 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Henry S. R. Kao y Runjahn Hoosain (comp.). Linguistics, Psychology, and the Chinese Language. Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, 1986, 333 pp.
Authors: Maeth Ch. Russell
Published: August 2023

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Islam, democracia y radicalismo: del coronel Gadafi al Ayatollah Jomeini
Authors: Cardona C. Diego
Published: August 2023

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En lidia con conceptos: ¿comunalismo o fundamentalismo?
Authors: Oberoi Harjot
Published: August 2023

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Violencia en la cultura política de India: ¿fundamentalismo o ultranacionalismo hindú?
Authors: Devalle Susana B. C.
Published: August 2023

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Violencia, resistencia campesina, etnicidad y religión en Mozambique
Authors: González López David
Published: August 2023

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Donde no hay política: lucha, rezos y traición en Chiapas
Authors: Larsson Martin , Cameras Myers Mariel
Published: August 2023

En la literatura antropológica actual, el uso del término “política” es muy extendido, aunque las reflexiones sobre su significado son menos comunes. Eso es particularmente cierto para las reflexiones que parten de los usos cotidianos del término. En este artículo, en contraste, nos enfocamos en los usos del término “política” entre miembros de diversas organizaciones en Chiapas, México. Argumentamos que esos usos reflejan una oposición discursiva entre la política, por un lado, y el pueblo, la fe y la moral, por el otro, lo cual nos muestran conceptualizaciones de la política que no se ven reflejadas en la literatura antropológica sobre el tema.
Effect of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on heart failure hospitalization rates and disparities: a National Inpatient Sample study
Authors: Ilelaboye Ayodeji I. , Vardar Ufuk , Baskaran Naveen , Shaka Abdultawab , DeAngelo Sean , Shaka Hafeez
Published: August 2023

The effect of the pandemic on patient care and health care delivery is unprecedented. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the epidemiological trends and disparities in the outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure. This was a retrospective study involving hospitalizations for HF. We sourced data from the NIS databases from 2016 through 2020. The study involved hospitalizations for HF as the principal diagnosis. These conditions were matched with CCSR categories. We obtained the admission rates per 100,000 adult hospitalizations during each calendar year. The outcomes were the admission rate, in-hospital mortality rate, mean length of hospital stay (LOS), and mean THC between 2019 and 2020 to estimate the pandemic effect. During the pandemic (2020) there was a significant decrease in the hospitalization rate (385 admissions in 2020 vs. 416 admissions in 2019 per 100,000 admissions). The mean age of patients admitted for HF pre-pandemic was 71.3 years while during the pandemic, it was 70.5 years. There was a significant increase in the inpatient mortality during the pandemic (2.76% vs 2.50% p-value <0.001) and reduction in the proportion of females that were admitted for HF (46.5% vs 47.5% p-value <0.001). In summary, we observed a reduction in patients admitted for HF during the pandemic, however there were worse outcomes in those admitted. Further studies to explore the pathophysiology of COVID in HF and the delicate management of this distinct patient group are encouraged.