bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS VEGETASI DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM (TWA) SUNGAI DUMAI, RIAU
Authors: Ikhsani Hanifah
Published: March 2021

TWA Sungai Dumai is a tourist forest area and ensuring the preservation of natural potential. However, there are problems that can disrupt the sustainability of it, including forest and land fires and conversion of land use to agriculture and oil palm plantations. Until now, there is no vegetation analysis using satellite imagery in TWA Sungai Dumai, so it is important to do so that can be managed sustainably. This study  classification of vegetation density classes which are presented in the form of a vegetation density class map in it. This research uses Landsat-8 OLI / TIRS images from October 2017 and October 2020 which are processed to determine density class using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index algorithm. The vegetation density class with the highest area in 2017 was the vegetation density class (2380,832 ha or 66,819% of the total area), while the lowest area was the non-vegetation class (75,737 ha or 2,126% of the total area). The vegetation density class with the highest area in 2020 in TWA Sungai Dumai is dense vegetation density class (3205,039 ha or 89,950% of the total area), while the lowest area is non-vegetation class (1,637 ha or 0.046% of the total area)
Association of MMP-9 and PCNA Protein Expression in Osteosarcoma are Associated with Clinical Stage, Metastasis, and Prognosis
Authors: Zhao Bo
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Present work studies the expressions of MMP-9 and PCNA in osteosarcoma patients and its correlation with clinical stage. 53 specimens of osteosarcoma were surgically removed and 28 osteochondroma tissues were used for immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The expression rates of MMP-9, as well as PCNA, were 75.5 percent and 86.8 percent in osteosarcoma, while were 10.7 percent and 7.5 percent in osteochondroma, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of MMP-9, PCNA, and the total survival time were connected with the Enneking stage. It shows an upward trend for the expression levels of PCNA and MMP- 9 in osteosarcoma tissues. The expression levels of MMP-9 and PCNA are related to the clinical stage, metastasis, and prognosis.
The Impact of COVID-19 on African Migrants and Mobility in South Africa
Authors: Adedolapo Ola Adegboyega
Published: March 2021

he coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which started in December 2019, is one of the greatest challenges currently facing the world. It has adversely affected various sectors of the world, including the transportation system and the movement of individuals. To curb the spread of the disease, governments of various nations, including South Africans state, have taken various steps and measures that include movement restrictions, border closure, massive testing, contact tracing and quarantines. In the absence of a face-to-face interview or data collection measures due to COVID-19 safety measures, the study took its data from social media observations and online secondary sources (official gazette), while the analysis is descriptive. The study analysed the various effects of COVID-19 on African migrants and their mobility in South Africa, along with the various income sources and remittance challenges. Finally, the study avers that the wellbeing and welfare of migrants should be taken into consideration during the pandemic.
Numerical simulation of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible liquid in flat channels of arbitrary shape of heat exchangers
Authors: Chоvniuk Y. , Kravchuk V. , Moskvitina A. , Pefteva I.
Published: March 2021

Reasonable development and creation of any device in which there is an interaction between the fluid flow and the elements of the flow parts (for example, heat exchangers, transport and power machines, main pipelines), is impossible without detailed information about the characteristics of the flow, about the forces on the surfaces that are around, about vibroacoustic phenomena, etc. Among the various methods of obtaining information about the characteristics of the flow, about the forces on surfaces that are flown around, about vibroacoustic phenomena, an important role is played by theoretical methods that rely on the equation of hydrodynamics and numerous ways to solve them. In this case, the main efforts are aimed at solving the system of Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper, a general method is described for the numerical solution of the problem of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in flat channels of an arbitrary shape of heat exchangers. An effective solution to the problem is achieved by using adaptive networks. The mathematical model of the flow is based on the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the variables "flow function - vortex" and the Poissonequation for pressure, which are solved on the basis of the finite-difference method. A numerical simulation of the fluid flow in a flat curvilinear elbow is carried out at the Reynolds number Re = 1000. This form reflects the most characteristic features of the flow paths of various hydraulic machines, heat exchangers, hydraulic and pipeline systems. The presentation of the numerical results was carried out on the basis of the VISSIM graphic processing package. One of the main problems (difficulties) in the numerical solution of problems of mathematical physics is the representation of boundary conditions for regions of arbitrary shape. The implementation of various artificial methods that are now used in the approximation of both the curvilinear boundaries themselves and the boundary conditions on them can lead to significant losses in the accuracy of the solution. This is especially evident in problems in which solutions in the boundary region have maximum gradients. An effective method for solving this problem is the use of adapted grids for the computational domain. The essence of this method lies in the fact that such a coordinate system, not necessarily orthogonal, is found in which the boundary lines (surfaces) of the region coincide with the coordinate lines (surfaces). In the flat case, the computational domain is transformed into a rectangular one, and the limit curve is displayed on the sides of the rectangle. In practice, the problem of constructing an adapted mesh is reduced to finding functions that describe the mappings of the canonical (rectangular) region onto the region for which the problem was originally formulated, that is, for the two-dimensional case, the functions x (ξ, η), y (ξ, η) are determined.
Stress-strain state of a three-layer cylindrical shell under internal axisymmetric pulse load
Authors: Gaidaichuk Viktor , Kotenko Kostiantyn
Published: March 2021

The problem of dynamic deformation of a three-layer cylindrical shell under non-stationary loads in the case of rigid clamping of the shell ends is considered. The article presents the results of assessing the stress-strain state of a three-layer cylindrical shell, taking into account its structural feature, the ratio of the sheathing thickness and the physical and mechanical characteristics of a one-piece polymer filler. Calculations were performed by software complex Nastran. The values of displacements and stresses were calculated by the algorithm of direct transient dynamic process. The step duration of the time interval was 0.0000025 s, and the total number of steps was 200. The choice of the type of three-dimensional finite element was due to obtaining more detailed and accurate calculation results. The finite element model included 19000 three-dimensional finite elements and numbered 20800 nodes.
The influence of geometrical parameters of shell layers with different physical and mechanical properties of one-piece filler on the stress-strain state under axisymmetric internal impulse load is investigated. Numerical results on the dynamics of the three-layer structure, obtained by the finite element method, allow to characterize the stress-strain state of the three-layer elastic structure of the cylindrical type at any time in the studied time interval. Optimization of the shell design is recommended. Changing the ratio of the thickness of the internal and external shells of the shell significantly affects the stress-strain state of the shell and its performance. Increasing the thickness of the internal layer of the shell significantly contributes to the increase of the latter. Comparison of the given results with materials of other similar researches and positions, testify to objectivity of the made approach.
Influence of air shock wane on buildings and structures
Authors: Shyshanov Mykhailo , Маliuha Volodymyr , Koval Volodymyr , Mirnenko Volodymyr , Fil Viktor , Hannenko Svitlana , Duzhyi Roman
Published: March 2021

The destruction of buildings and structures occurs as a result of natural disasters, accidents, or terorist attactacts which in many cases are accompanied by explosions.
The action of an air shock wave on a building is characterized by a complex set of loads: excess pressure, reflection pressure, velocity pressure, leakage pressure, load from seismic waves.
Ensuring the preservation and restoration of buildings and structures includes measures to assess the possible degree of destruction of buildings and structures. Therefore, in modern conditions, the design of buildings, structures and their elements is not possible without taking into account the dynamic effects. When designing and constructing buildings and structures, it is always necessary to take into account the resistance of structural elements to the action of damaging factors, both the explosion in general and the shock wave of the explosion in particular, which will help avoid future possible human losses.
Therefore, the article considers the general characteristics of the processes of interaction of the air shock wave with the building, the method of calculating the time of destruction of prefabricated buildings and the main parameters of the air shock wave which flows as a result of an explosion in a building, structure with windows, doorways and openings, which arose as a result of the destruction of floor structures or walls.
Studies have shown that the load on the structure depends on the parameters of the wave that flows through the holes in the buildings and through the holes formed by the destruction of the walls of the building, the comparison of calculated and experimental data indicates their sufficient convergence.
Peculiarities of wave propagation processes in poroelastic media
Authors: Kara Iryna
Published: March 2021

During analyzing of wave propagation processes in the fluid-saturated porous media unlike the theory of elasticity should be applied proposed by Biot the two phase model of media in which porous the solid elements are belonging to the first phase and the elements of pores fluid filler are belong to the second phase. Sometimes, for solving problems three phase model are used in which porous skeleton is partially saturated by fluid and partially saturated by gas. For the elastic porous media are introduced parameters such as: the porosity, the fluid viscosity, the permeability, the Biot coefficient of effective stress, the shear modulus and the bulk modulus, the mass densities and the total density of the porous material. Also the fundamental characteristic of the porous media is propagation of three different compression waves: the longitudinal fast wave, the second longitudinal slow wave, and the third transversal slow wave. One of the methods that are used for solving problems of poroelasticity is the Boundary Integral Equation Method. The algorithmic bases of it are the boundary analogues of Somiliani’s formulas for the solid displacements and the fluid pressure. The boundary integral equations and the fundamental solutions that are comprised in the poroelastic equations are different from the theory of elasticity analogues because the body with fluid-saturated pores is differ from the continuous homogeneous elastic media. Figures show that the graphs for the poroelastic region may be gradual approximated to the elastic analogues during changing some parameters. The biggest influence for displacements functions has change of the parameter R especially gradual increase of it for the some order. When for changing the functions graphs of the generalized derivatives one gradual increase of the parameter Q for one order is enough.
Сomprehensive content of safety of vital activity
Authors: Gennadiy N. Sadicov  , Petro G. Kyrienko  , Sergii O. Lobov
Published: March 2021

The discipline “Safety of vital activity” emergence as a mandatory subject in schools and universities is related to increased amount and the “quality” of risks generated by scientific and technological progress and appearance of environmental changes within the modern society the technosphere. The safety of vital activity initial foundations is initiated in the family and are subsequently formed and developed in the preschool institution. From the socialization perspective of the individual, the school years are classified as primary school age, adolescence, youth, that characterize socially constructed age periods. This indicates the necessity of creative approaches with including the training programs for safety of vital activity basics. In many cases the training programs and manuals on safety of vital activity programs contains a list of emergencies and the rules of conduct within the occurrence of it, in the absence of the causal analysis, of the medium and long-term consequences of their impact, which is the fundamental in understanding of the essence, predicting and preventing such situations. An alternative to resolving such contradictions can be the introduction of “Ecology” and “Valeology” as mandatory subjects, which appeared concurrently with the “Safety of vital activity”, and then disappeared from many educational programs. This range of educational programs represents the organic unity and internalinter connection and focusing increasingly on solving practical problems with concrete results in ensuring the safety of society. The Valeology is the branch of modern preventive medicine aimed to promoting healthy lifestyles. The achievement of Valeology is the separation between health and illness of an intermediate, “third state”, when a person is not sick yet, but is no longer healthy. The above characteristics of Ecology and Valeology, which makes visible the organic unity and internal relationship with the “Safety of vital activity”. The full pedagogical content of safety and life, and activities in modern conditions of societies existence can be considered as a single set.
Еnergy-saving technology for processing of galvanic sludge with obtaining of radio-absorbing materials
Authors: Dmitry N. Samchenko  , Gennadii М. Kochetov  , Aleksey Vasiliev
Published: March 2021

The prospective for increasing of environmental safety level of industrial enterprises is considered as result of realization of energy- and resource saving technology for processing galvanic sludge by hydrophase ferritisation method. The possibility of obtaining Ni-Cu-Zn ferrites by processing of galvanic sludge based on of ferritization technology has been studied. Influence of different technological parameters and activation methods of the ferritisation process: thermal and electromagnetic pulse at temperatures of 75°С and 20°С, respectively, on qualitative and quantitative phase content of ferrite sediments has been experimentally determined. The method of electromagnetic pulse activation provides the appropriate degree of heavy metal ions extraction – 99.96%, and also has undeniable energy advantages over thermal, since energy consumption is reduced more than 60%. The efficiency of electromagnetic pulse discharges with magnetic induction amplitude of 0.298 T and a pulse frequency from 0.5 to 10 Hz to obtain environmentally friendly ferrite precipitates has been confirmed. The use of Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite powder for production of coatings that shield the electromagnetic rays in the ultrahigh frequency range is proposed. Obtained sediments have maximum content of crystalline ferromagnetic phases of ferrites – more than 93%. The proposed resource-saving ferritisation process prevents environmental pollution, ensures efficient and rational use of raw materials and energy in industry, as well as allows to obtain marketable products from industrial waste.
Рhysical simulation of erosion of bottom pits
Authors: Iryna M. Gorban  , Anna S. Korolova  , Georgiy P. Sokolovsky  , Pavlo Y. Romanenko  , Stepan M. Srebnyuk
Published: March 2021

The present paper is devoted to research of the erosion of large-scale sand pits in the water flow. The investigations were performed in the hydrodynamic flume with sandy bottom. To provide suitable conditions for sediment transport in the flume, the analysis of the factors leading to the motion of sediments was carried out in accordance with the Shields diagram. It was shown that the flow regime created in the laboratory channel promotes the development of natural bed forms such as ripples. Estimations of the velocity of movement of the ripples were obtained. The experiments with large sand pits on the flume bottom demonstrated that those disturb the balance of sediments and cause the reformatting of the water flow. To assess the influence of the pit configuration on the erosion process, two-dimensional triangular and trapezoidal pits were considered. It was found that the longitudinal profile of the triangular pit changes due to sediment deposition on its upper slope and erosion of the lower slope. The pit upper slope levels out and shifts forward due to the continuous flow of sediment in this region. The depth of the unevenness also decreases owing to deposition of the sediment directly on its bottom. Due to the blow of water jet to the pit lower slope, the zone of maximum erosion of the bottom surface is observed here. The bottom reformatting leads to the displacement of the pit downstream. Studies of the erosion of the trapezoidal pit have shown that its upper slope is first shifted toward the lower slope until the trapezoidal profile turns into a triangular one. The pit erosion causes also the deformation of natural forms of the channel bed and destabilization of sediment discharge. The analysis of the obtained data demonstrated that the reformation of channel bed is a durable process depending of the ratio of pit scales to the volume of sediment. The present study is useful for development of engineering solutions directed to reduction of risks caused by the interaction of sand quarries with hydraulic structures in rivers.
Desarrollo agrícola y bienestar social
Authors: Suárez y Suárez Andrés
Published: March 2021

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El corporativismo en el "Mater et Magistra"
Authors: Brugarola. S. J. Martín
Published: March 2021

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Doctrina económico-social de la iglesia ante el hombre moderno
Authors: Vela S.J. Juan Andrés
Published: March 2021

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Instituciones sociales modernas:
Authors: Brugarola. S. J. Martín
Published: March 2021

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Actitud religiosa de los obreros cristianos en Bélgica
Authors: De Volder P.
Published: March 2021

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Instituciones sociales modernas:
Authors: B. M.
Published: March 2021

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II.-Crónica Internacional
Authors: Mas. M.
Published: March 2021

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PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS MAJELIS TAKLIM: PENGUATAN DAN PERANANNYA DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPRIBADIAN MUSLIMAH
Authors: Mariam Mariam
Published: March 2021

Social development should be recognized as not optimal and optimal. This study was formulated, how is the understanding of Islamic religion and internalization of moral values ​​in shaping Muslim personalities in Majlis ta'lim Tarbiyatul Ummahat Pagelaran and At-Tauhid Karang Tanjung Pandeglang. The purpose of the research to describe and analyze Islamic religious understanding and internalization of moral values ​​in morality majlis ta'lim At-Tauhid and Tarbiyatul Ummahat, so as to shape the personality of Muslim women. The method of this study used qualitative approach to obtain comprehensive data. The results showed that the process of understanding religion and internalizing moral values ​​can be categorized properly, the indications can be seen from the habits or traditions carried out by Muslim women in the formation of personality including: morals towards Allah SWT, by performing worship according to syari’ah, morals towards the Prophet Muhammad SAW, by reading lots of blessings and imitating the morals of the Messenger of Allah, morals towards oneself that is by instilling politeness in daily life, morality towards others is done by building good communication and interaction based on mutual attitudes respect. The process of understanding religion and internalizing moral values ​​in Muslim women is carried out in two ways, namely through moral material and methods of moral formation. The habit which is oriented to the formation of morality, is the implementation of moral material taught in the two majlis ta'lim.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN SOSIAL PONDOK PESANTREN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM
Authors: Sa'adah Dede
Published: March 2021

Qothrotul Falah is the Islamic traditional education (pesantren) based on salafi approach. In the research process, the article the focused on issues that has formulated related to the topic of social marketing and marketing strategy, which is implementing by pesantren of Qothrotul Falah. This study aims: 1) to identify the education marketing strategy at the pesantren of Qothrotul Falah, and 2) to analyze the social marketing to improve educational strategy in the competitive era. The method of this research used qualitative research that had developed with descriptive analysis. This study finding that the educational marketing which had been implementing by Qothrotul Falah consist fourteen (40) types: Kyai, writing skills, publications (Mass Media, Banner, Brochure, Calendar, Bulletin, Radio Broadcasting), social media (Facebook, Instagram, Website, WhatsApp), community participation, and alumni. According to educational development in the competitive era, Head of pesantren had been responding its conditions. For example, he included the modern system of Arabic teaching, English and established formal education (Junior and Senior Islamic Schools), and several supporting activities for studenst, including: Student Organizations, Scouting, Student Health Organization, Sports, Music, Marawis, Computer Course, Muhadharah and Qira'ah al-Qur'an.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PEREKONOMIAN MELALUI OBYEK WISATA WADUK MALAHAYU
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: March 2021

The needs and potential of the community are the main considerations in empowerment activities. Some natural, social and cultural resources of the region also have the potential to be developed into tourist destinations. The development of the potential of this tourist area can be a potential resource for generating income, creating jobs, and can condition the attitudes and behaviors of a dynamic community to develop. In its development and development, of course it cannot be separated from the participation of the surrounding community. This reseacrh aims to explain: To find out community participation in the development and construction of Waduk Malahayu. And To find out the impact of community economic development through Waduk Malahayu. This reseach uses qualitative methods where the research procedure produces descriptive data in the form of written words from the people observed. As for data collection using observation, interviews and documentation. Based on research conducted that community participation in the development of the Waduk Malahayu is participation in the form of delivering ideas, participation in the form of energy, participation in the form of expertise and participation in the form of property. Furthermore, there are several impacts felt by the community with the development of Waduk Malahayu, namely, increased community skills, increased community walfare, availability of jobs, infrastructure development, and availability of entertainment.
A importância dos princípios constitucionais no processo civil em face da informatização de dados para a otimização da relação jurídico-processual
Authors: Frighetto Édio , Souza Maria Carolina Rosa de
Published: March 2021

Os princípios fundamentais consagrados no artigo 5º da Constituição Federal de 1988 são os pilares que sustentam toda a estrutura processual na Jurisdição brasileira. Diante da perspectiva constitucional em coligação com o Código de Processo Civil de 2015, o escopo deste artigo visa descrever os preceitos fundamentais para a operacionalização das normas processuais, abordando a relevante função do processo judicial eletrônico como garantia de promoção célere no Poder Judiciário. Pontua-se então, que toda a sociedade tem assegurada a prerrogativa de acesso à justiça, em função disso, o processo civil é o instrumento pelo qual as relações entre os particulares são resolvidas pelo Estado promovedor das funções essenciais à justiça, aplicando a lei de forma precisa e imparcial com o intuito de promover a tutela de interesses. O direito é dinâmico e precisa acompanhar a evolução social, por esta razão, a instrumentalização eletrônica do processo nas plataformas dos tribunais vem ao encontro do ordenamento para agilizar a resolução de gargalos e asseverar para a comunidade que a via processual seja desempenhada com efetividade. Deste modo, com a convergência de esforços, a fim de tornar o Poder Judiciário menos moroso e engajado no acompanhamento de tendências, a justiça precisa ser desempenhada com mais prontidão para que então, se possam cumprir os ideais do Estado Democrático de Direito.
FORTIFIKASI TEPUNG DAUN KELOR TERHADAP DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN GIZI MI KERING BERAS HITAM
Authors: Nur Astuti
Published: March 2021

Produk mi merupakan makanan yang praktis, mudah diolah, serta dapat dengan cepat disajikan.  Jenis produk mi yang mampu bersaing dipasar ialah mie kering. Bahan baku pembuatan mi pada umumnya adalah tepung terigu yang terbuat dari gandum. Substitusi dan fortifikasi parsial dengan bahan lain adalah salah satu bentuk inovasi sebagai usaha mengurangi ketergantungan tepung terigu seperti beras hitam dan daun kelor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya terima dan kandungan gizi mi beras hitam dengan fortifikasi tepung daun kelor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan formula fortifikasi tepung daun kelor, yaitu: F1 (0%), F2 (5%), F3 (10%), F4 (15%) yang diitambahkan dalam formula mie beras hitam. Daya terima dinilai dari uji organoleptik yang dilakukan pada panelis semi terlatih sebanyak 30 orang dan kandungan gizi dari hasil uji laboratorium menggunakan uji proximat. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik dan hasil pembobotan nilai, F2 memiliki daya terima lebih tinggi dari formula yang lain dengan skor 61,37. Formulasi yang terpilih kemudian diuji proksimat dan diperoleh kandungan protein sebanyak 18.66%, lemak 2.30%, air 8,9%, serat 7,2%, karbohidrat 82,06%.
Literatur Review: Potensi Asam Askorbat dalam Penanganan Gangguan Kesehatan Mental
Authors: Pasaribu Sudana fatahillah , Herviana Herviana , Usman Fahmil
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang:Gangguan kesehatan mental menurut WHO seperti skizofrenia, depresi, cacat intelektual, penyalahgunaan narkoba, gangguan afektif bipolar, demensia, cacat intelektual dan gangguan perkembangan termasuk autisme. Gangguan kesehatan mental dapat tangani dengan bermacam terapi. Asam askorbat merupakan salah satu vitaminyang berfungsi dalam penurunan masalah kesehatan mental sebab asam askorbat berperan penting dalam memberikan fungsi sebagai kofaktor enzimatik yang berpartisipasi dalam biosintesis myelinsheatholeh sel schwann, dan norepinefrin dalam pengaturan mood.Tujuan: Tinjauan literaturini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui potensi asam askorbat dalam penanganan gangguan kesehatan mental.Metode:Metodeyang digunakan pada tinjauan literatureyaitu menggunakan metode berbentuk naratif. Data diambildaribeberapa artikelpenelitianyang memenuhi kriteria inklusi.Hasil:Hasil tinjauan liteatur ditemukan 4 artikelsesuai kriteria inklusi, asam askorbatdidalam otak memiliki konsentrasi sangat tinggi dibandingkan dengan organ lain, konsentrasi asam askorbat dalam otak mencapai 10 mmol / L. Berdasarkan empat penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam askorbat dapat menurunkan gangguan kesehatan mental dikarenakan peran asam askorbat dalam pembentukan norepinefrinkatekolamin, myelinsheatholeh sel schwann, pelepesan asetilkolindan keseimbangan glutamateregik. Kesimpulan: Pada tinjauan literatur ini dapat disimpulkan konsumsi asam askorbat yang cukup dapat menurunkan gangguan kesehatan mental.
Productive performance of rabbits fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa)- or white clover (Trifolium repens)- based diets
Authors: Sosa-Montes Eliseo , Alavez-Ordoñez Josué , Estevané-Guzmán José Enrique , Pro-Martínez Arturo , Alejos-de la Fuente José Isidro , González-Cerón Fernando
Published: March 2021

Objective: Evaluate the productive performance of rabbits fed alfalfa- and white clover-based diets.Design/ methodology/ approach: Rabbits can consume high-fiber diets. Therefore,this study evaluated a white clover-based diet (Diet 1) and an alfalfa-based diet (Diet 2).The experiment was carried out during the Fall-Winter season of 2018. This study used111 rabbits (males and females), weaned at 31 days of age. Diets were randomlyassigned to 20 cages, four to six animals per cage. In total, 56 rabbits received Diet 1and 55 Diet 2. All animals had free access to feed and water during the 35-day growthperiod. The weekly recorded response variables were live weight (LW), daily weight gain(DWG), and feed conversion (FC). At 67 days of age, hot carcass yield (HCY) and coldcarcass yield (CCY) were determined.Results: At the end of the fattening period (31 to 66 days of age), there were nosignificant differences between the two experimental groups. The results for Diet 1 and2, respectively, were the following: LW = 2012±36 and 1960±37 g, DWG = 32.2±1.572and 28.4±1.60 g/animal, FC = 3.3±0.2 and 3.4±0.2 g/g, HCY = 48.0±0.5 and 55.9±0.6%,and CCY = 48.1±0.5 and 55.8±0.7%.Limitations/ implications: Due to the lack of significant differences (P?0.05), furtherstudies are required to better understand these legumes.Findings/ conclusions: White clover could completely replace alfalfa in rabbit diets.
Analysis of the productive and immune response of lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and fed with saccharin
Authors: González-Garduño Roberto , Silva-Torres Luis Matias , Torres-Hernández Glafiro , López-Arellano María Eugenia , Flores-Santiago Ever del Jesus , Aguilar-Caballero Armando Jacinto , Vargas-Villamil Luis Manuel , Zaragoza-Vera Claudia
Published: March 2021

Objective: Determine the productive and immune response of Blackbelly lambs infectedwith gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and fed with saccharin.Design/ methodology/ approach: A total of 18 Blackbelly lambs, with an initial live weight (LW) of 13.9 + 3.2 kg, were randomly assigned to three different treatments (T): T1, anthelmintic treatment + basal diet (CTah); T2, basal diet without anthelmintic treatment (STah); and T3, grazing lambs without anthelmintic treatment (STPS). This experiment followed a completely randomized design with repeated measures over time; mean values were compared using Lsmeans. The parameters evaluated included live weight (LW), fecal egg count per gram (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV), plasma protein (PP), white blood celldifferential count (LEU), and IgA concentration by ELISA with Haemonchus contortusand Trichostrongylus colubriformis antigens.Results: STah and CTah lambs showed higher FEC (885 ± 142) and LW (29.73 ± 5.06kg). Grazing lambs (STPS) had lower PCV (26.4 ± 0.5%) compared to the STah andCTah lambs (27.4 to 28.4%) due to the high prevalence of H. contortus. The IgAconcentration in grazing lambs ranged from 20.2 to 24.5% of the positive standardserum titer. The feedlot lambs (STah and CTah) showed values close to 5%.Study limitations/ implications: Due to anthelmintic resistance problems, it wasimpossible to maintain grazing lambs free of infection; therefore, this group was notincluded.Findings/ conclusions: Saccharin increases sheep resilience and achieves adequateweight gains in parasitized lambs.
Asexual reproduction: an alternative for the propagation and conservation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) native to Guerrero, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Castro Elías , Rojas-López Arlae , Valenzuela-Lagarda José Luis , Sabino-López Juan Elías , García-Escamilla Paul , Monteon-Ojeda Abraham
Published: March 2021

Objective: Evaluate the effect of three types of substrate and different shoot lengths onthe rooting of Carica papaya L. shoots.Design/ methodology/ approach: This experiment followed a completely randomizeddesign with a 2×3 factorial arrangement. Shoots of 30 and 40 cm of length werecollected in March 2018 from the lateral branches of papaya plants (Carica papaya L.)native to various regions of Guerrero. Shoots were placed in different substrates: 1)sand, 2) Peat Moss®, and 3) sand and Peat Moss® mixture (70:30, v/v). Sixty days afterplanting, rooting percentage, root length, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves,crown diameter, biomass fresh weight, biomass dry weight, root fresh weight, and rootdry weight were evaluated. Data were analyzed through an analysis of variance and amean difference test (Tukey, p?0.05).Results: The rooting of 40- and 30-cm shoots was 60 and 50%, respectively. Plantswith the highest height, number of leaves, root length, and crown diameter derived from 240-cm shoots. Sand was the best substrate for rooting, where plants with higher freshbiomass were significantly developed.Study limitations/ implications: Continue study during the flowering and fruitingstages.Findings/ conclusions: This protocol allows the rooting of papaya shoots.
Scarification treatments in chepil seeds (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn.) used to improve their germination
Authors: Rojas-García Adelaido R. , Maldonado-Peralta María de los Á. , Sánchez-Santillán Paulino , Ayala-Monter Marco A. , Álvarez-Vázquez Perpetuo , Ramírez-Reynoso Omar
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective was to evaluate different scarification treatments to improvegermination in chepil seeds (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn.).Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was established in the School of VeterinaryMedicine and Zootechnics N. 2 of the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. The chepilseeds were weighed and counted; 2 experiments were established through a CRD with4 treatments of 4 repetitions each. Imbibition and germination were evaluated. The datawere analyzed with the statistical software package SAS® 9.0.Results: The use of water at different temperatures and times presented positive resultsin imbibition and increased the germination percentages. The treatment with water at100°C until cooling reached a germination of 80%, and the control of 12.3%.
Study Limitations/Implications: Chepil is a wild species that has seeds with physicaldormancy, which is something that requires more research in order to accelerate andincrease the germination percentages.Findings/Conclusions: The imbibition and germination was affected by the treatmentsapplied. Chepil seeds presented physical or superficial dormancy that may be eliminatedwith the use of heat treatments; however, evaluations still need to be performed toaccelerate and find a higher percentage of germination.
Morphological characteristics of okra fruits [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] cultivated in the dry tropic
Authors: Maldonado-Peralta Ramiro , Rojas-García Adelaido R. , Romero-Bautista Alejandro , Maldonado-Peralta María de los Á. , Salinas-Vargas Delfina , Hernández-Castro Elias
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of okra fruit[Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.], an endemic crop of the Afro-Mexican region, inthe dry tropics.Design/Methodology/Approach: Materials were collected in Cuajinicuilapa, in thestate of Guerrero in Mexico. Using a completely randomized design (CRD), 4 repetitionsof 100 fruits were selected, and each was evaluated for the following: weight, number,size and shape of fruits and seeds. Data were analyzed using measures of centraltendency, utilizing SAS.Results: The fruits are heterogeneous and some are deformed, they have a long andfluted shape, with an average weight of 10.4 g and 95 seeds each weighing 0.05 g. Theseeds are round with a conical micropyle, the testa is dark grey, and the embryo white.Study Limitations/Implications: It is necessary to keep studying the morphologicalcharacteristics of okra fruit for a longer period of time and to establish farming in orderto widen the outlook of decision making.
Findings/Conclusions: Okra fruits from backyard farming have better quality andpotential for fresh or processed consumption. There is a lack of management andimprovement of this crop.
Productive Performance of Sheep in an Agropastoral System on the Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Castañeda-Hidalgo Ernesto , Barriga-García Carlos , Hernández-Bautista Jorge , Santiago-Martínez Gisela M. , Villegas-Aparicio Yuri , Pérez-León María I.
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the prolificacy and weight of lambs at birth (BW) in twogenotypes of hair sheep within an agropastoral system on the coast of Oaxaca, Mexico,and to evaluate the effect of two sources of selenium on the performance of lambs fromsaid system during the fattening phase.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was carried out in an agropastoral system(coconut palm and Cynodon dactylon grass) in Río Grande, Oaxaca. Two experimentswere conducted; the first studied 58 ewes distributed in a completely randomized design(CRD) with factorial arrangement of 2x2x3, and focused on the following fixed effects:genotype, number of births, and body condition (BC). The measured variables wereprolificacy and BW. The second experiment studied 23 lambs of 4 months in age thatwere offspring of the females in experiment 1. They were distributed in a CRD withthree treatments: T1, without selenium provided; T2, with barium selenate provided; T3,with selenomethionine provided. The dependent variables were daily weight gain(DWG), dry material consumption (DMC), and feed conversion (FC).
Results: The Pelibuey ewes with one and two births and the Black Belly ewes with onebirth demonstrated the highest averages in prolificacy (P?0.05). The lowest averages(P?0.05) were detected in ewes with BC 4 irrespective of number of births. The BW wasaffected (P?0.05) by genotype; Black Belly lambs weighed 680 g (P?0.05) more thatPelibuey lambs. The DWG, DMC and FC behaved similarly (P?0.05) betweentreatments and their general averages were 0.114 kg day -1 , 0.679 kg day -1 , and 6.18,respectively.Study Limitations/Implications: In the agropastoral system, the BC of ewes limitstheir reproductive performance. The weight of the lambs at the start of fatteningdetermines their performance during fattening.Findings/Conclusions: In the agropastoral system, Pelibuey and Black Belly femalespresent adequate prolificacy averages and BW; however, it is very important that theyremain within BC 3. Neither of the two sources of selenium improves DWG, DMC, andFC of lambs fattened in pens in the agropastoral system.
First report of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in Apaxtleco chili (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in greenhouse
Authors: Sabino-López Juan Elías , García-Escamilla P. , Espinosa-Rodríguez M. , Durán-Trujillo Y. , Talavera-Mendoza O. , Hernández-Castro E.
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To generate information about a new host of the Polyphagotarsonemuslatus (Banks) mite, and to understand the damages caused by the cultivation ofApatlexco chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the northern region of the state ofGuerrero.Design/Methodology/Approach: The identification of the mite was carried out throughtaxonomic keys and the damages caused in vegetative shoots, mature leaves andflower buds were described.Results: The P. latus mite was identified as causing important damage to the crops ofAplaxtleco chili pepper grown in greenhouses in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, and thisis the first report of this mite in the Aplaxtleco chili pepper crop grown in greenhouses inthe state of Guerrero, Mexico.Findings/Conclusions: Economic income is obtained from the cultivation of Aplaxtlecochili peppers, a characteristic crop of the municipality of Aplaxtla, in the northern zone of Guerrero; therefore, knowing the identity of the P. latus mite in the Aplaxtleco chili cropwill help to suggest effective control methods to obtain higher yields.
Fertility in Cebú × brown Swiss cows treated with prostaglandins, progesterone and eCG
Authors: Ventura - Ríos Joel , Lara - Bueno Alejandro , Carrillo - López Pedro , Álvarez - Vázquez Perpetuo , Cigarroa - Vázquez Francisco A. , Encina - Domínguez Juan A.
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the application of one or two doses of prostaglandin F2?(PGF2?), the application of a progestogen on different days of the estrous cycle and theusage of eCG in the estrus synchronization and fertility of Zebu × Brown Swiss cows.Design / methodology / approach: The study was based on three protocols. The firstconsisted of two treatments: PGI) 26 cows were injected with a single 25 mg dose ofPGF2? and 10 cows with two 25 mg doses of PGF2? at a 14-day interval. Protocol 2consisted of two treatments: NG14) 11 cows were implanted with 3 mg of Norgestometon day 7 of their estrous cycle and NG7) 11 animals received the same dose on day 14.In protocol 3 all cows were implanted with 3 mg of Norgestomet for 9 days, 48 h beforeremoving the implant, 25 mg of PGF2? was applied. Once the implants were removed,they were distributed into two treatments. Norgestomet (n = 11) without eCG andNorgestomet + eCG (500 IU) (n = 11).
Results: The application of PGF2? at two times had no influence (p > 0.05) in theestrous percentages and conception. The NG7 achieved estrous synchronization in 81.8% of the cows, in between 24 and 36 h, compared to 45.4 % of the NG14; however, theconception rate was lower (p ? 0.05). The eCG application synchronized 90.9 % ofestrous between 24 and 36 h, compared with 36.4 % of the group with no eCGapplication.Study limitations / implications: Transrectal ultrasounds are required to assess theovarian structures present at the time of the estrus onset in a synchronization protocol.Findings / conclusions: Cows that present corpus luteum do not require more thanone injection of PGF2?, the pregnancy percentage increases when Norgestomet isimplanted on day 14 of the estrous cycle, in addition the application of eCG increasesthe synchronization percentage of the heat between 24 to 36 h after the progestogenwithdrawal.
Perenial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) yield as a response to fitoregulators produced in digestates
Authors: Castro-Ramos Job J. , Castro-Rivera Rigoberto , Solís-Oba María M. , Osorio-Cortes Guadalupe , Romero-Rodríguez Angélica , Juárez-Rangel Ana P.
Published: March 2021

Objective: To assess the effect on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a response tophytoregulators produced in digestates obtained from the anaerobic digestion of cow manure, at different initial Ph.Design / methodology: Anaerobic cow manure digestions were set up at differentinitial 5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5 pH values and 4, 8 and 20 days of digestion, from these, gibberellic acid (AG 3 ) and indole acetic acid (IAA) were quantified. Thesedigestates were applied to ryegrass grown in containers: on 6 months pasturesapplying all the digestates and in 45 days pastures digestates at 4 days of digestion. The assessed variables were height, fresh and dry weight and number of. The control was developed on unfertilized soil.
Results: The initial pH of the digestion influenced the production ofphytoregulators, being higher at pH 5.5 and 6.5; no IAA production was recorded atbasic pH. The application of the digestates had a different effect depending on thepastures age, was greater on the leaf weight variable. In 6 months pastures the increase was between 21 and 24%, in young pastures from 48 to 115% respect to the control. Likewise, there were between 50 and 60% greater number of stems than in the control, applying digestate at 4 days of digestion.Limitations / Implications: The study took place on ryegrass, it would be of interest in the area to evaluate it in other crops .Findings / Conclusions: The initial manure pH has a higher effect on the digestates properties the those of the time of digestion. Digestates can be a fertilizer for ryegrass, its effect is better in young grasses. The digestate even with 4 days of digestion has a positive effect on ryegrass development.
Productive response of creole lambs fed integral diets with Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. pods
Authors: Herrera-Pérez Jerónimo , Carbajal-Márquez Ulises , Torres-Salado Nicolás , Sánchez-Santillán Paulino , Ramírez-Reynoso Omar , Rojas-García Adelaido R. , Ayala-Monter Marco Antonio
Published: March 2021

Objective: To evaluate the productive variables and the digestibility of the nutrients of an integral diet for lambs with increasing inclusion of Samanea saman pods.

Design/methodology/approach: 24 creole lambs (initial weight of 20.6 ± 0.3 kg) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design were used. The treatments were: T1, 0%, T2, 12.5%, and T3, 25% of Samanea saman pod inclusion. The productive variables and the digestibility of the nutrients were evaluated and compared with the Tukey test (? = 0.05); meanwhile, the response to the increasing content of Samanea saman was evaluated by orthogonal contrasts. The variables dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) showed no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments.

Results: Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) increased (p <0.05) linearly, with increasing pod content. The digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber (DNDF) and acid (DADF) decreased (p < 0.05) linearly as the inclusion of Samanea saman pod increased in the diets.

Limitations on study/implications: The substitution of soybean pulp by Samanea saman pod in integral diets does not affect the productive response of fattening lambs.

Findings/conclusions: The use of S. saman pod is proposed as a regionally available food alternative in the feeding of ruminants in the tropics.
Genetic transformation of Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu., mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biolistic system
Authors: Castillo-Martínez Carlos R. , Gutiérrez-Espinosa Ma. Alejandra , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Buenrostro-Nava Marco T. , Martínez-Sias Valeria
Published: March 2021

Objective: The most appropriate conditions for genetic transformation through direct (bioballistic) and indirect (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) transformation systems in Paulownia elongata were established.

Design/methodology/approach: Starting from in vitro propagation through both direct and indirect organogenesis, internodal stem segments with 0.5 to 1 cm length were determined as the best explant. The optimum dose for selection media was determined to be 15 mg L-1 of kanamycin. It was possible to obtain transgenic plants under both transformation systems. In the case of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, two hours of incubation, 48 h of co-cultivation, and optical density of 0.9 were used; while for bioballistics, the best conditions were 120 PSI of shot pressure, shot height at level 6 (16 cm), and vacuum pressure of 22 Hg mm, with particle inflow gun system (PIG).

Results: Both systems produced complete transformants, chimeras, as well as those confirmed by histochemical X-GLUC and PCR analysis, producing a total of 14 positive plants by A. tumefaciens transformation from 26 trials and ten positive plants by the bioballistic system from 30 trials; a construction with chitinase and glucanase, NPT II selection gene and the GUS reporter gene were used.

Findings/conclusions: So far, this has been the first report including integration of chitinase and glucanase genes.