bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the magnetotail lobes with Cluster magnetometer data
Authors: Coxon J. C. , Jackman C. M. , Freeman M. P. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J.
Published: January 2016

We describe a novel method for identifying times when a spacecraft is in Earth's magnetotail lobes solely using magnetometer data. We propose that lobe intervals can be well identified as times when the magnetic field is strong and relatively invariant, defined using thresholds in the magnitude of BX and the standard deviation σ of the magnetic field magnitude. Using data from the Cluster spacecraft at downtail distances greater than 8 RE during 2001–2009, we find that thresholds of 30 nT and 3.5 nT, respectively, optimize agreement with a previous, independently derived lobe identification method that used both magnetic and plasma data over the same interval. Specifically, our method has a moderately high accuracy (66%) and a low probability of false detection (11%) in comparison to the other method. Furthermore, our method identifies the lobe on many other occasions when the previous method was unable to make any identification and yields longer continuous intervals in the lobe than the previous method, with intervals at the 90th percentile being triple the length. Our method also allows for analyses of the lobes outside the time span of the previous method.
Tracks to a Medical Diagnosis: Expertise Differences in Visual Problem Solving
Authors: Jaarsma Thomas , Boshuizen Henny P. A. , Jarodzka Halszka , Nap Marius , Verboon Peter , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G.
Published: January 2016

This study focuses on the visual problem‐solving process of clinical pathologists. Its aim is to find expertise‐related differences in the temporal arrangement of this process, with a special focus on the orientation phase. A theoretical model of the visual diagnostic process of medical specialists is extended with general problem‐solving theory. Participants were 13 experts, 12 intermediates, and 13 novices, who all diagnosed seven microscopic images. Their microscope movements and thinking aloud were recorded. To study temporal arrangement of the process, we applied a time‐grid to the data. The results reflected several aspects of general problem‐solving theory. Experts and intermediates showed a more extensive orientation phase and more refined schemata than novices. Intermediates also showed a control phase at the end of the diagnostic process. Novices showed a uniform process. These phases were reflected in microscope navigation and thinking aloud, which justifies the extension of the theoretical model.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ti–43Al–9V–0.3Y Alloy Joints Brazed With Ti–Zr–Ni–Cu + Mo Composite Filler
Authors: Wang Ying , Qiu Qiwen , Yang Zhenwen , Wang Dongpo
Published: January 2016

Ti–Zr–Ni–Cu + Mo composite filler with the Mo content from 0 to 10 wt% is developed to braze Ti–43Al–9V–0.3Y (at%) alloy. The effects of Mo content and brazing time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the brazed joints are investigated. Four phases, including γ‐(Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni), β‐Ti, α2‐Ti3Al, and B2, formed in the brazed joint. The Mo additive inhibits the eutectoid transformation of β phase during cooling. The joint microstructure becomes fine and homogeneous with the increase of Mo content. The shear strength of the joints firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of Mo content and brazing time. The maximum shear strength of 268 MPa is obtained for the joint brazed with Ti–Zr–Ni–Cu + 8wt% Mo at 1 000 °C for 20 min. The fracture is brittle and primarily propagated in γ matrix nearby α2‐Ti3Al.
Interface Engineering and Controlling the Friction and Wear of Ultrathin Carbon Films: High sp3 Versus High sp2 Carbons
Authors: Dwivedi Neeraj , Yeo Reuben J. , Zhang Zheng , Dhand Chetna , Tripathy Sudhiranjan , Bhatia Charanjit S.
Published: January 2016

Understanding and engineering interfaces, and controlling the friction and wear of materials, are extremely important for many technological applications, particularly for magnetic storage technologies and micro‐ and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), where one sliding/moving surface comes into contact with another. Ultrathin carbon films are generally employed in most of these technologies. However, their wear and friction mechanisms are not well understood, especially the role of the film–substrate (FS) interface has not been deeply explored and discussed to date. This limits further developments in this field. Through experimental and theoretical experiments, we are able to report on the engineering of a FS interface consisting of high sp3‐ and high sp2‐bonded ultrathin carbon films on Al2O3–TiC substrates by introducing a silicon nitride (SiNx) interlayer and tuning the carbon ion energy. All carbon‐based overcoats show a low coefficient of friction (COF) in the range of 0.08–0.16; however, the high sp3‐bonded C/SiNx bilayer overcoat reveals the lowest and most stable friction. The friction mechanism is explained using an integrated framework of surface passivation, rehybridization, material transfer, tribolayer formation, and interfaces. We discover that FS interface engineering substantially reduces the wear of ultrathin carbon films while maintaining/reducing the friction. In general, this approach can be applied to control the friction and wear of ultrathin films of diverse materials.
Dual‐Targeting Lactoferrin‐Conjugated Polymerized Magnetic Polydiacetylene‐Assembled Nanocarriers with Self‐Responsive Fluorescence/Magnetic Resonance Imaging for In Vivo Brain Tumor Therapy
Authors: Fang Jen‐Hung , Chiu Tsung‐Lang , Huang Wei‐Chen , Lai Yen‐Ho , Hu Shang‐Hsiu , Chen You‐Yin , Chen San‐Yuan
Published: January 2016

Maintaining a high concentration of therapeutic agents in the brain is difficult due to the restrictions of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and rapid removal from blood circulation. To enable controlled drug release and enhance the blood–brain barrier (BBB)‐crossing efficiency for brain tumor therapy, a new dual‐targeting magnetic polydiacetylene nanocarriers (PDNCs) delivery system modified with lactoferrin (Lf) is developed. The PDNCs are synthesized using the ultraviolet (UV) cross‐linkable 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomers through spontaneous assembling onto the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to form micelles‐polymerized structures. The results demonstrate that PDNCs will reduce the drug leakage and further control the drug release, and display self‐responsive fluorescence upon intracellular uptake for cell trafficking and imaging‐guided tumor treatment. The magnetic Lf‐modified PDNCs with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual‐targeting ability can enhance the transportation of the PDNCs across the BBB for tracking and targeting gliomas. An enhanced therapeutic efficiency can be obtained using Lf‐Cur (Curcumin)‐PDNCs by improving the retention time of the encapsulated Cur and producing fourfold higher Cur amounts in the brain compared to free Cur. Animal studies also confirm that Lf targeting and controlled release act synergistically to significantly suppress tumors in orthotopic brain‐bearing rats.
Cognitive and psychological functioning in focal dermal hypoplasia
Authors: Deidrick Kathleen K.M. , Early Martha , Constance Jordan , Stein Margot , Fete Timothy J.
Published: January 2016

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is a condition caused by heterozygous mutation of the PORCN gene on chromosome Xp22.3. It impacts the primitive ectoderm and mesoderm, affecting skin, teeth, nails, hair, musculoskeletal development, and vision and hearing. To date, there has been no systematic research examining the psychoeducational impact of the disorder. The current study examined emotional, behavioral, adaptive, and intellectual ability in 17 subjects with ages ranging from 3 to 55 with FDH attending the 2013 Annual Family Conference of the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias. Findings suggested overall average functioning in all areas. However, wide variability was noted in this sample, with 3 participants (18%) exhibiting overall cognitive ability in the borderline to impaired range. These findings are consistent with previous reports suggesting intellectual impairment in 15% of persons with FDH. Similarly, a subgroup of children was rated by parents as exhibiting difficulties with behavior (2 out of 11; 18%) and emotions (5 out of 11; 45%). Of particular concern was withdrawn behavior, reported by 65% of parents. These findings suggest that clinicians should routinely screen persons with FDH to rule out cognitive and emotional/behavioral difficulties and offer timely treatment. Future research should focus on identifying risk factors for psychoeducational problems in this population. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual crosslinked carboxymethyl sago pulp/pectin hydrogel beads as potential carrier for colon‐targeted drug delivery
Authors: Tan Hui Li , Tan Li Shan , Wong Yeon Yin , Muniyandy Saravanan , Hashim Kamaruddin , Pushpamalar Janarthanan
Published: January 2016

Carboxymethyl sago pulp (CMSP)/pectin hydrogel beads were synthesized by calcium crosslinking and further crosslinked by electron beam irradiation to form drug carrier for colon‐targeted drug. Sphere‐shaped CMSP/pectin 15%/5% hydrogel beads is able to stay intact for 24 h in swelling medium at pH 7.4. It shows pH‐sensitive behavior as the swelling degree increases as pH increases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the absence of chemical interaction between hydrogel beads and diclofenac sodium. Differential scanning calorimetric and X‐ray diffraction studies indicate the amorphous nature of entrapped diclofenac sodium. The drug encapsulation efficiency is up to about 50%. Less than 9% of drug has been released at pH 1.2 and the hydrogel beads sustain the drug release at pH 7.4 over 30 h. This shows the potential of CMSP/pectin hydrogel beads as carrier for colon‐targeted drug. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43416.
The role of ultrasound in graduate anatomy education: Current state of integration in the United States and faculty perceptions
Authors: Royer Danielle F.
Published: January 2016

Ultrasound (US) is increasingly taught in medical schools, where it has been shown to be a valuable adjunct to anatomy training. To determine the extent of US training in nonmedical anatomy programs, and evaluate anatomists’ perceptions on the role of US in anatomy education, an online survey was distributed to faculty in anatomy Master's and Doctoral programs. Survey results sampled 71% of anatomy graduate degree programs nationally. Of the faculty surveyed, 65% report little to no experience with US. Thirty‐six percent of programs surveyed incorporate exposure to US, while only 15% provide hands‐on US training. Opportunities for anatomy trainees to teach with US were found in 12% of programs. Likert responses indicated that anatomists hold overwhelmingly positive views on the contributions of US to anatomy education: 91% agreed US reinforces anatomical concepts (average 4.33 ± 0.68), 95% agreed it reinforces clinical correlates (average 4.43 ± 0.65). Anatomists hold moderately positive views on the value of US to the future careers of anatomy graduates: 69% agreed US increases competitiveness on the job market (average 3.91 ± 0.90), 85% agreed US is a useful skill for a medical school teaching career (average 4.24 ± 0.75), and 41% agreed that US should be required for a medical education career (average 3.34 ± 1.09). With continued improvements in technology and the widespread adoption of US into diverse areas of clinical practice, medical education is on the cusp of a paradigm shift with regards to US. Anatomists must decide whether US is an essential skills for the modern anatomist. Anat Sci Educ 9: 453–467. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.
A Novel Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Second‐order Mechanical Systems
Authors: Sheng Yongzhi , Wang Liang , Liu Xiangdong
Published: January 2016

This paper considers the tracking control problem of a class of second‐order mechanical systems involving parametric uncertainty and external disturbance by a sliding mode control (SMC) without reaching phase. Specifically, an SMC strategy with modified variable‐gain proportional–integral–derivative (PID)‐type sliding function is proposed, by which the existence of a sliding mode throughout an entire response of the system starting from the initial time instance is ensured. Meanwhile, the introduction of a variable gain in the sliding function design effectively solves the dilemma between quicker response and smaller overshoot. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by both theoretical analysis and simulation results.
RGS proteins as targets in the treatment of intestinal inflammation and visceral pain: New insights and future perspectives
Authors: Salaga Maciej , Storr Martin , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Fichna Jakub
Published: January 2016

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins provide timely termination of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) responses. Serving as a central control point in GPCR signaling cascades, RGS proteins are promising targets for drug development. In this review, we discuss the involvement of RGS proteins in the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal inflammation and their potential to become a target for anti‐inflammatory drugs. Specifically, we evaluate the emerging evidence for modulation of selected receptor families: opioid, cannabinoid and serotonin by RGS proteins. We discuss how the regulation of RGS protein level and activity may modulate immunological pathways involved in the development of intestinal inflammation. Finally, we propose that RGS proteins may serve as a prognostic factor for survival rate in colorectal cancer. The ideas introduced in this review set a novel conceptual framework for the utilization of RGS proteins in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation, a growing major concern worldwide.
Biocompatible Azide–Alkyne “Click” Reactions for Surface Decoration of Glyco‐Engineered Cells
Authors: Gutmann Marcus , Memmel Elisabeth , Braun Alexandra C. , Seibel Jürgen , Meinel Lorenz , Lühmann Tessa
Published: January 2016

Bio‐orthogonal copper (I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been widely used to modify azide‐ or alkyne‐bearing monosaccharides on metabolic glyco‐engineered mammalian cells. Here, we present a systematic study to elucidate the design space for the cytotoxic effects of the copper catalyst on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and on HEK 293‐F cells. Monitoring membrane integrity by flow cytometry and RT‐PCR analysis with apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic markers elucidated the general feasibility of CuAAC, with exposure time of the CuAAC reaction mixture having the major influence on biocompatibility. A high labeling efficiency of HEK 293‐F cells with a fluorescent alkyne dye was rapidly achieved by CuAAC in comparison to copper free strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). The study details effective and biocompatible conditions for CuAAC‐based modification of glyco‐engineered cells in comparison to its copper free alternative.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Strong Incommensurate Modulation in a Tungsten‐Bronze‐Type Relaxor PbBiNb5O15.
Authors: Xing Xianran , et al.
Published: January 2016

The new title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of PbO, Bi2O3, and Nb2O3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Binuclear [CrLn] (Ln: Gd or Dy) and Trinuclear [Cr2Ln] (Ln: Gd, Dy, or Tb) Heterometallic Clusters with 2,2′‐Bipyridine as Ligand.
Authors: Li Zhong‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Qun , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Liu Shu‐Qin , Ni Jun , Sun Ying‐Ji
Published: January 2016

The crystal structures of compounds (III) and (IV) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Bicarbonate Revealed as a Basic Carbonate.
Authors: Rincke Christine , Bette Sebastian , Dinnebier Robert E. , Voigt Wolfgang
Published: January 2016

Ni12(CO3)8(OH)8· (x‐1)H2O or Ni12(CO3)8 (OH)6O·xH2O (x = 6‐8) is prepared by two hydrothermal methods employing an aqueous solution of Ni(NO3)2 and urea (autoclave, 1120 °C, 5 h) or by mixing Ni(NO3)2 and NaHCO3 to form amorphous nickel carbonate which is dried and brought together with H2O and solid CO2 in an autoclave (220 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Cinchona Alkaloid‐Based Chiral Catalysts Act as Highly Efficient Multifunctional Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Malonates to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Ashokkumar Veeramanoharan , Siva Ayyanar
Published: January 2016

Catalyst (I) and its O‐allylated derivative (not shown) are tested in asymmetric Michael addition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Iodine(III)‐Mediated Synthesis of α‐Tosyloxy Ketones: Breaking the Selectivity Barrier.
Authors: Basdevant Benoit , Legault Claude Y.
Published: January 2016

The oxidation of IPNP with MCPBA in the presence of Tos‐OH leads to a crude intermediate iodane, which reacts readily with enol acetates to afford chiral α‐tosyloxy ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions in Water Enabled by Micellar Catalysis.
Authors: Isley Nicholas A. , Linstadt Roscoe T. H. , Kelly Sean M. , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: January 2016

Use of a nonionic surfactant, TPGS‐750‐M, in water enables nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur nucleophiles to participate in SNAr reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Transfer of Dihydrogen from One Unsaturated Hydrocarbon to Another.
Authors: Chatterjee Indranil , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Oestreich Martin
Published: January 2016

An uncommon alkene hydrogenation catalyzed by a main‐group element is described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Catalytic Ring Expansion Approach to O‐Fluoronaphthols and o/p‐Fluorophenols from Indanones and 2‐Cyclopentenones.
Authors: Chang Jian , Song Xiaoning , Huang Wanqiao , Zhu Dongsheng , Wang Mang
Published: January 2016

The reaction is compatible with 1‐ and 2‐indanones as well as 3‐cyclopentenones and tolerates multiple functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Coupling of Propargyl Ethers with Alcohols: Siloxy‐Crotylation via Hydride Shift Enabled Conversion of Alkynes to π‐Allyls.
Authors: Liang Tao , Zhang Wandi , Chen Te‐Yu , Nguyen Khoa D. , Krische Michael J.
Published: January 2016

This is the first enantioselective carbonyl siloxy‐crotylation using TIPS‐protected propargyl ethers, which upon deprotection and reduction give 1,4‐diols (III), (VI), (VIII), and (X) with high regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino Reactions Containing Different Types of Heck Reactions for Selective 3,3‐ and 1,3‐Diarylations of Propenol with Aryl Halides by Triple Catalysis.
Authors: Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , He Jian‐Shi , Wang Hai‐Jun , Huang Zhi‐Zhen
Published: January 2016

A new domino Heck‐isomerization/Saegusa/Heck reaction of propenol with various aryl iodides is reported for the synthesis of 3,3‐diaryl propenals by transition‐metal catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Fe—ppm Pd Nanoparticle Catalysis of Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings in Water.
Authors: Handa Sachin , Wang Ye , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: January 2016

Commercially available ferric chloride derived from iron which naturally contains ppm levels of palladium is in situ converted to nanoparticles in the presence of methylmagnesium chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Improving Reactivity and Selectivity of Aqueous‐Based Heck Reactions by the Local Hydrophobicity of Phosphine Ligands.
Authors: Roberts Gina M. , Zhang Shiyong , Zhao Yan , Woo L. Keith
Published: January 2016

The enhanced reactivity is achieved by introducing a cholate moiety in the ligand SKL.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Continuous‐Flow Trapping Metalations of Functionalized Arenes and Heteroarenes Using TMPLi in the Presence of Mg, Zn, Cu, or La Halides.
Authors: Becker Matthias R. , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2016

Continuous‐flow lithiation of arenes and hetarenes with lithium tetramethylpiperidide and direct in‐situ trapping with various metal salts is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of α‐Cyanoketene Dithioacetals with Olefins.
Authors: Yang Xiaoge , Liu Zhuqing , Sun Chenglin , Chen Jiping , Yu Zhengkun
Published: January 2016

α‐Cyanoketene dithioacetals and a related ketone (IX) readily undergo Pd‐catalyzed oxidative direct olefination with different olefins through C—H activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition Reaction of α‐Aryl‐Substituted Lactams Catalyzed by Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids: A New Short Synthesis of (+)‐Mesembrine.
Authors: Nunokawa Shiori , Minamisawa Masamitsu , Nakano Keiji , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo
Published: January 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of (+)‐mesembrine (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of E‐Alkyl Alkenes from Terminal Alkynes via Ni‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with B‐Alkenyl‐9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes.
Authors: Di Franco Thomas , Epenoy Alexandre , Hu Xile
Published: January 2016

The Ni‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of primary and secondary alkyl halides with B‐alkenyl‐9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes (II) leads to desired (E)‐alkenes (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of α‐Diazocarbonyls by Organic Catalysts: Diazo Group Acting as a Strong N‐Terminal Electrophile.
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Jia‐Jia , Li Yi‐Jin , Bu Xiu‐Bin , Liu Qun , Zhao Yu‐Long
Published: January 2016

For the first time, α‐diazocarbonyls are used as highly active N‐terminal electrophiles in the presence of DBU as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldehyde‐Promoted One‐Pot Regiospecific Synthesis of Acrylamides Using an in situ Generated Molybdenum Tetracarbonyl Amine [Mo(CO)4(amine)2] Complex.
Authors: Nagarsenkar Atulya , Prajapti Santosh Kumar , Guggilapu Sravanthi Devi , Nagendra Babu Bathini
Published: January 2016

The molybdenum‐amine system acts as both a complexing agent and a CO donor.
ChemInform Abstract: tert‐Butyl Hypochlorite Mediated Oxidative Chlorination of S‐Alkylisothiourea Salts: Synthesis of Sulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Qiu Kui , Wang Rennan
Published: January 2016

Various S‐alkylisothiourea salts, in situ obtained from the corresponding alkyl halides or sulfates and thiourea, are converted to alkenesulfonyl chlorides under neutral and environmentally benign reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Benzocyclobutenes from Substituted Oxocycloocta‐2,8‐diene‐1,2‐dicarboxylates.
Authors: Bezensek Jure , Groselj Uros , Pockaj Marta , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: January 2016

Cyclooctadienes (I) and (III) undergo electrocyclization followed by elimination of dimethylamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternate Method for the Synthesis of Six‐Membered Carbocycles with Five Stereocenters: 1,2,3,4,6‐Pentasubstituted‐4‐hydroxy‐cyclohexanes.
Authors: Gezegen Hayreddin , Ceylan Mustafa
Published: January 2016

A simple method for the chemoselective synthesis of multisubstituted cyclohexane derivatives from ketones and aldehydes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and General ipso Iodination of Arylboronic Acids Using N‐Iodomorpholinium Iodide (NIMI) as a Novel Iodinating Agent: Mild and Regioselective Synthesis of Aryliodides.
Authors: Tale R. H. , Toradmal G. K. , Gopula V. B.
Published: January 2016

A catalytic amount of CuI is found to promote the rate enhancement of the iodination reaction and a drastic increase in the yield depending on the nature of the boronic acid is observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Formation of α‐Aryl Ketones by C—H Functionalization with Cyclic Alkenyl Carbonates and One‐Pot Synthesis of Isocoumarins.
Authors: Hara Yusuke , Onodera Shunsuke , Kochi Takuya , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi
Published: January 2016

The Rh‐catalyzed α‐acylalkylation of arenes containing a heteroaryl or amide directing group proceeds in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Salt Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2‐Diols with a Quaternary Carbon Center.
Authors: Wu Quanquan , Liu Shulei , Wang Fangyuan , Li Qingqing , Cheng Kangli , Li Juan , Jiang Jun
Published: January 2016

The efficient reaction between hydroxyacetone and aryl substituted α‐keto esters provides the products in high yields and with high dia‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Iron‐Catalyzed Direct Approach to Amides from Benzyl Azides via C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Ou Yang , Qin Chong , Song Song , Jiao Ning
Published: January 2016

Alkyl substituted benzyl azides as well as symmetrically substituted arylbenzylazides deliver arylamides in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,1‐Fluoroarylation of Aminoalkenes.
Authors: He Ying , Yang Zhenyu , Thornbury Richard T. , Toste F. Dean
Published: January 2016

Benzylic fluorides are obtained by a three‐component coupling of unactivated amino‐alkenes, arylboronic acids, and Selectflour through an oxidative Heck mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Soft Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Boronic Acids: The Crucial Role of Water.
Authors: Glenadel Quentin , Alazet Sebastien , Tlili Anis , Billard Thierry
Published: January 2016

The reaction tolerates aryl, hetaryl, and alkenyl substituents endowed with a diverse range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Approach to Carboxylic Acids by Oxidation of Alkyl, Aryl, or Heteroaryl Alkyl Ketones or Arylalkynes.
Authors: Aravinda Kumar K. A. , Venkateswarlu Vunnam , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: January 2016

A mild and efficient method for the oxidation of various ketones and alkynes to carboxylic acids using Oxone and trifluoroacetic acid is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Directed ortho Metalation: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Amide‐Directed CAr—OMe Activation/Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Naphthamides with Aryl Boronates.
Authors: Zhao Yigang , Snieckus Victor
Published: January 2016

The first catalytic tertiary amide‐directed C—OMe activation/C—C cross‐coupling reaction in the ortho‐methoxy naphthamide series for the synthesis of biaryl and heterobiaryl molecules is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 2‐Substituted 1‐Amino‐4‐bromoanthraquinones (Bromaminic Acid Analogues) — Precursors for Dyes and Drugs.
Authors: Malik Enas M , Baqi Younis , Mueller Christa E
Published: January 2016

The bromination of 2‐substituted 1‐aminoanthraquinones (I) is the key step of the title synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cascade Aza‐Michael/Michael Addition Sequence for Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Spiro[pyrrolidine‐3,3′‐oxindole]s.
Authors: Zhao Bo‐Liang , Du Da‐Ming
Published: January 2016

A wide range of the title spirocompounds are obtained with excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity using a chiral bifunctional tertiary amine‐squaramide catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Chemistry of Furans: Synthesis of Functionalized Bis(furan‐2‐yl)methanes and 1,6‐Dihydropyridazines.
Authors: Lopes Susana M. M. , Henriques Marta S. C. , Paixao Jose A. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: January 2016

Hetero‐Diels‐Alder reactions of hydrazones or oximes with furylmethanes give annulated pyridazines and oxazines, respectively, which are easily transformed into the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Approach Towards Fully Functionalized Tetronic Acids: The Use of 1,3‐Dioxolane‐2,4‐diones as Novel Protected‐Activated Synthons of α‐Hydroxy Acids.
Authors: Prousis Kyriakos C. , Markopoulos John , Mckee Vickie , Igglessi‐Markopoulou Olga
Published: January 2016

Utilization of optically active α‐hydroxy acids allows for the enantiocontrolled preparation of tetronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Halogenation of C—H Bonds on Porphyrin Rings Using NaX/H2O2.
Authors: Tian Mi , Chen Shi , Sheng Wenbing , Huang Hui , Guo Cancheng
Published: January 2016

The selective oxidative halogenation of C—H bonds on porphyrins by halides/H2O2 is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalization of Indoles Using an Axially Chiral 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligand.
Authors: Gao Xiang , Wu Bo , Huang Wen‐Xue , Chen Mu‐Wang , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: January 2016

These transformations represent the first successful application of bipyridine ligands with axial chirality in palladium‐catalyzed carbene migratory insertion reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloaminocarbonylation of 2‐Aminomethyl‐ and 2‐Alkylcarbamoylaryl Tosylates with CO.
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Yan , Liao Benren , Zhang Chunlei , Zhou Xigeng
Published: January 2016

The title reaction allows the synthesis of a wide variety of substituted isoindolinones and isoindoline‐1,3‐diones in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Aerobic Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrazones via sp3 C—H Functionalization.
Authors: Wu Xuesong , Wang Mian , Zhang Guangwu , Zhao Yan , Wang Jianyi , Ge Haibo
Published: January 2016

The title reaction gives substituted pyrazolines as the products and it is the first example of Cu‐catalyzed intramolecular diastereoselective coupling reaction via an iminium ion intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aryne‐Based Route to Substituted Benzoisothiazoles.
Authors: Chen Yiding , Willis Michael C.
Published: January 2016

The reaction of 3,4‐disubstituted thiadiazoles with arynes, generated in situ from corresponding 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates (II), leads to desired 3‐substituted benzoisothiazoles in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐4H‐imidazo[1,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles and 6‐Aryl‐thiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles.
Authors: Krishnaraj T. , Muthusubramanian S.
Published: January 2016

Some of the bicyclic products exhibit antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Aza‐Michael Addition of 4‐Phenylurazole to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Gholamhassan Imanzadeh , Hemayat Hooshmand
Published: January 2016

The reaction tolerates numerous alkylacrylates, but fails using methacrylates.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Route to 3‐Vinylchromones in Aqueous Micellar Media.
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Chatterjee Amrita , Banerjee Mainak
Published: January 2016

By a simple and mild procedure pharmacologically interesting 3‐formylchromanes are synthesized in micellar solution by Knoevenagel condensation with various active methylene compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Oxidative Radical Decarboxylation/Cyclization for the Construction of 6‐Alkyl/Aryl Phenanthridines.
Authors: Lu Shichao , Gong Yaling , Zhou Demin
Published: January 2016

A novel cascade decarboxylation/cyclization reaction of 2‐isocyanobiphenyls with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids under transition metal‐free conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,8‐Naphthyridine Derivatives from Heterocyclic Ketene Aminals, Malononitrile Dimer, and Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Sun Feilong , Zhu Fengjuan , Shao Xusheng , Li Zhong
Published: January 2016

Ethyl 2‐imidazolidinylideneacetate and 2‐imidazolidinylideneacetonitrile do not react possibly due to the weaker electron‐withdrawing capability compared to NO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Nb‐Thioacyltryptamine Derivatives by a Three‐Component Willgerodt—Kindler Reaction, and Their Transformation to 1‐Substituted‐3,4‐dihydro‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: Milen Matyas , Slegel Peter , Keglevich Peter , Keglevich Gyoergy , Simig Gyula , Volk Balazs
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of tryptamine derivatives (III) is advantageous with regards to wide substrate scope, good yields, and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Design of Experiments (DoE) Optimization to the One‐Pot Synthesis of 4,6‐Dihydropteridinones.
Authors: Stone Steven , Wang Tiansheng , Liang Jianglin , Cochran John , Green Jeremy , Gu Wenxin
Published: January 2016

A one‐pot procedure to synthesize title compounds such as (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) from pyrimidines (I) and amino acid derivatives is studied and the reaction parameters are optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Friedel—Crafts Acylation Reactions of 2‐Arylphenoxyacetic Acids: A Simple and Efficient Methodology to Synthesize Dibenzoxepine and Arylcoumaranone Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Jialin , Liu Jiaqi , Lan Hao , Chu Wenyi , Sun Zhizhong
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of the substrates via Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of substituted 2‐(2‐bromophenoxy)acetates with various aryl boronic acids is described.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Mediated [4 + 4]‐Domino Annulation: Access to Functionalized Eight‐Membered Cyclic Ethers.
Authors: Liang Ling , Li Erqing , Dong Xuelin , Huang You
Published: January 2016

DABCO‐mediated reaction of ynones such as (I) with α‐cyano‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones affords eight‐membered cyclic ethers (III) (21 examples) in good yields under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of HOMSi Reagents via sp2 C—H Silylation.
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Komiyama Takeshi , Hiyama Tamejiro
Published: January 2016

A method is described for the silylation of heteroarenes and terminal alkenes to give several silylated compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: anti‐HIV Terpenoids from Daphne aurantiaca Diels. Stems.
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Zhuo , Zhang Xuan , Ma Qing‐Yun , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Dai Hao‐Fu , Wang Qi , Zhou Jun , Zhao You‐Xing
Published: January 2016

A series of terpenoids including new (six guaiane type auranticanols A‐F and seven carotene type auranticanols G‐M), and known (14 examples) sesquiterpenoids, and known tigliane diterpenoids are isolated from the stems of Daphne aurantiaca Diels.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of D‐Fructose‐Derived Spirocyclic 2‐Substituted‐2‐oxazoline Ribosides
Authors: Vangala Madhuri , Shinde Ganesh P
Published: January 2016

using a “Ritter‐like” reaction
ChemInform Abstract: α‐C‐Glycosides via syn Opening of 1,2‐Anhydro Sugars with Organozinc Compounds in Toluene/n‐Dibutyl Ether.
Authors: Wagschal Simon , Guilbaud Johan , Rabet Pauline , Farina Vittorio , Lemaire Sebastien
Published: January 2016

The diastereoselective addition of organozinc species to 1,2‐anhydro sugars in toluene/n‐dibutyl ether solvent is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐Zinc Promoted Diastereoselective C‐Arylation of 1,2‐Anhydrosugars from Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Tatina Madhu Babu , Kusunuru Anil Kumar , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: January 2016

The title reaction features broad substrate scope, milder reaction conditions, complete α‐selectivity, and no need of using ligand and base.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromotyrosine‐Derived Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Aplysina lacunosa.
Authors: Goethel Qun , Sirirak Thanchanok , Koeck Matthias
Published: January 2016

Three new alkaloids, deoxyfistularin‐3 (I), aplysinin A (II), and aplysinin B (III), together with other 15 known compounds are isolated from title sponge.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Alkaloid Glycoside and Quinoline Alkaloid Derivates from the Stems of Clausena lansium.
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Chuang‐Jun , Ni Lin , Yang Jing‐Zhi , Li Li , Zang Cai‐xia , Bao Xiu‐Qi , Zhang Dan , Zhang Dong‐Ming
Published: January 2016

Six new alkaloid glycosides, clausenasides A‐F, and two novel quinoline alkaloids, clausenasides G‐H, are isolated along with ten known compounds from the stems of C.
ChemInform Abstract: Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO3/SrO Supported on SrZrO3.
Authors: Rhodes Nathan R. , Barde Amey , Randhir Kelvin , Li Like , Hahn David W. , Mei Renwei , Klausner James F. , AuYeung Nick
Published: January 2016

Equimolar amounts of SrO and 8 mol% Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) as a support material are fired in air (1500 °C, 8 h) to produce Y‐stabilized SrZrO3 for use as sintering inhibitor for a thermochemical storage system based on SrO/SrCO3 carbonation cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Phase‐Controlled Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Noble Metal Nanomaterials
Authors: Fan Zhanxi , Zhang Hua
Published: January 2016

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Investigation and Calculation of the Phase Diagram of the Binary System (NaNO3 + TlNO3)
Authors: Abdessattar Abdelkader , Hellali Dalila , Boa David , Zamali Hmida
Published: January 2016

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Katsuki Catalysts for Asymmetric Oxidation: Design Concepts, Serendipities for Breakthroughs, and Applications
Authors: Irie Ryo , Uchida Tatsuya , Matsumoto Kazuhiro
Published: January 2016

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Adamantyl Aminoguanidines — A New Class of Potentially Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Sekutor Marina
Published: January 2016

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Silylations of Arenes with Hydrosilanes: C—X Bond Cleavage or C—H Bond Activation Synchronized with Si—H Bond Activation
Authors: Xu Zheng , Huang Wei‐Sheng , Zhang Jin , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: January 2016

Review: [70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: TADDOL‐Based Phosphorus(III)‐Ligands in Enantioselective Pd(0)‐Catalyzed C—H Functionalizations
Authors: Pedroni Julia , Cramer Nicolai
Published: January 2016

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexacene: Synthesis, Properties and Future Perspectives
Authors: Chow Tahsin J.
Published: January 2016

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Properties of Amino Acids and Peptides Containing a Tetrazolyl Moiety
Authors: Popova E. A. , Trifonov R. E.
Published: January 2016

Review: literature data published mainly in the last 15 years; 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bigger Data Open Innovation: Potential Applications of Value‐Added Products from Milk and Sustainable Valorization of By‐Products from the Dairy Industry
Authors: Ortega‐Requena S. , Rebouillat S.
Published: January 2016

Review: 107 refs.
Cysteine Radical/Metal Ion Adducts: A Gas‐Phase Structural Elucidation and Reactivity Study
Authors: Lesslie Michael , Lau Justin Kai‐Chi , Lawler John T. , Siu K. W. Michael , Steinmetz Vincent , Maître Philippe , Hopkinson Alan C. , Ryzhov Victor
Published: January 2016

The formation and investigation of sulfur‐based cysteine radicals cationized by a group 1A metal ion or Ag+in the gas phase are reported. Gas‐phase ion–molecule reactions (IMR) and infrared multiple‐photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy revealed that the Li+, Na+, and K+adducts of the cysteine radical remain S‐based radicals as initially formed. Theoretical calculations for the three alkali metal ions found that the lowest‐energy isomers are Cα‐based radicals, but they are not observed experimentally owing to the barriers associated with the hydrogen‐atom transfer. A mechanism for the S‐to‐Cαradical rearrangement in the metal ion complexes was proposed, and the relative energies of the associated energy barriers were found to be Li+>Na+>K+at all levels of theory. Relative to the B3LYP functional, other levels of calculation gave significantly higher barriers (by 35–40 kJ mol−1at MP2 and 44–47 kJ mol−1at the CCSD level) using the same basis set. Unlike the alkali metal adducts, the cysteine radical/Ag+complex rearranged from the S‐based radical to an unreactive species as indicated by IMRs and IRMPD spectroscopy. This is consistent with the Ag+/cysteine radical complex having a lower S‐to‐Cαradical conversion barrier, as predicted by the MP2 and CCSD levels of theory.
Cell therapy for heart disease: Trial sequential analyses of two Cochrane reviews
Authors: Fisher SA , Doree C , Taggart DP , Mathur A , Martin‐Rendon E
Published: January 2016

Meta‐analyses of cell therapy trials for heart disease have yielded discrepant results. To resolve limitations associated with meta‐analyses, such as imprecision and accumulation of random errors, we conducted trial sequential analysis (TSA). Randomized controlled trials that administered autologous bone marrow‐derived cells to patients who suffered acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart failure (HF) were included. TSA has been applied to two clinical outcomes, all‐cause mortality and hospitalization for HF, and to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as a surrogate of heart function. The results suggest that there is evidence of reduction of the risk of mortality and hospitalization in HF, but insufficient evidence to determine treatment effect in AMI. Moreover, the treatment does not improve LVEF by more than a mean difference of 4% when administered to either AMI or HF patients. The required number of participants to include in a meta‐analysis to detect treatment effect was also estimated.
Developmental nicotine exposure disrupts dendritic arborization patterns of hypoglossal motoneurons in the neonatal rat
Authors: Powell Gregory L. , Gaddy Joshua , Xu Fei , Fregosi Ralph F. , Levine Richard B.
Published: January 2016

Maternal smoking or use of other products containing nicotine during pregnancy can have significant adverse consequences for respiratory function in neonates. We have shown, in previous studies, that developmental nicotine exposure (DNE) in a model system compromises the normal function of respiratory circuits within the brainstem. The effects of DNE include alterations in the excitability and synaptic interactions of the hypoglossal motoneurons, which innervate muscles of the tongue. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that these functional consequences of DNE are accompanied by changes in the dendritic morphology of hypoglossal motoneurons. Hypoglossal motoneurons in brain stem slices were filled with neurobiotin during whole‐cell patch clamp recordings and subjected to histological processing to reveal dendrites. Morphometric analysis, including the Sholl method, revealed significant effects of DNE on dendritic branching patterns. In particular, whereas within the first five postnatal days there was significant growth of the higher‐order dendritic branches of motoneurons from control animals, the growth was compromised in motoneurons from neonates that were subjected to DNE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1125–1137, 2016
A Tie2‐driven BAC‐TRAP transgenic line for in vivo endothelial gene profiling
Authors: Santhosh Devi , Huang Zhen
Published: January 2016

Recent technological innovations including bacterial artificial chromosome‐based translating ribosome affinity purification (BAC‐TRAP) have greatly facilitated analysis of cell type‐specific gene expression in vivo, especially in the nervous system. To better study endothelial gene expression in vivo, we have generated a BAC‐TRAP transgenic mouse line where the L10a ribosomal subunit is tagged with EGFP and placed under the control of the endothelium‐specific Tie2 (Tek) promoter. We show that transgene expression in this line is widely, but specifically, detected in endothelial cells in several brain regions throughout pre‐ and postnatal development, as well as in other organs. We also show that this line results in highly significant enrichment of endothelium‐specific mRNAs from brain tissues at different stages. This BAC‐TRAP line therefore provides a useful genetic tool for in vivo endothelial gene profiling under various developmental, physiological, and pathological conditions. genesis 54:136–145, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs as regulators of innate immune cell development and inflammatory gene expression
Authors: Elling Roland , Chan Jennie , Fitzgerald Katherine A.
Published: January 2016

The innate immune system represents the first line of defense during infection and is initiated by the detection of conserved microbial products by germline‐encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Sensing through PRRs induces broad transcriptional changes that elicit powerful inflammatory responses. Tight regulation of these processes depends on multiple regulatory checkpoints, including noncoding RNA species such as microRNAs. In addition, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently gained attention as important regulators of gene expression acting through versatile interactions with DNA, RNA, or proteins. As such, these RNAs have a multitude of mechanisms to modulate gene expression. Here, we summarize recent advances in this rapidly moving and evolving field. We highlight the contribution of lncRNAs to both the development and activation of innate immune cells, whether it is in the nucleus, where lncRNAs alter the transcription of target genes through interaction with transcription factors, chromatin‐modifying complexes or heterogenous ribonucleoprotein complexes, or in the cytosol where they can control the stability of target mRNAs. In addition, we discuss experimental approaches required to comprehensively investigate the function of a candidate noncoding RNA locus, including loss‐of‐function approaches encompassing genomic deletions, RNA interference, locked nucleic acids, and various adaptions of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Identification of a G-Protein Subunit-α11 Gain-of-Function Mutation, Val340Met, in a Family With Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia Type 2 (ADH2)
Authors: Piret Sian E , Gorvin Caroline M , Pagnamenta Alistair T , Howles Sarah A , Cranston Treena , Rust Nigel , Nesbit M Andrew , Glaser Ben , Taylor Jenny C , Buchs Andreas E , Hannan Fadil M , Thakker Rajesh V
Published: January 2016

Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) is characterized by hypocalcemia, inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone concentrations and hypercalciuria. ADH is genetically heterogeneous with ADH type 1 (ADH1), the predominant form, being caused by germline gain-of-function mutations of the G-protein coupled calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and ADH2 caused by germline gain-of-function mutations of G-protein subunit α-11 (Gα11). To date Gα11 mutations causing ADH2 have been reported in only five probands. We investigated a multigenerational nonconsanguineous family, from Iran, with ADH and keratoconus which are not known to be associated, for causative mutations by whole-exome sequencing in two individuals with hypoparathyroidism, of whom one also had keratoconus, followed by cosegregation analysis of variants. This identified a novel heterozygous germline Val340Met Gα11 mutation in both individuals, and this was also present in the other two relatives with hypocalcemia that were tested. Three-dimensional modeling revealed the Val340Met mutation to likely alter the conformation of the C-terminal α5 helix, which may affect G-protein coupled receptor binding and G-protein activation. In vitro functional expression of wild-type (Val340) and mutant (Met340) Gα11 proteins in HEK293 cells stably expressing the CaSR, demonstrated that the intracellular calcium responses following stimulation with extracellular calcium, of the mutant Met340 Gα11 led to a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve with a significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced mean half-maximal concentration (EC50) value of 2.44 mM (95% CI, 2.31 to 2.77 mM) when compared to the wild-type EC50 of 3.14 mM (95% CI, 3.03 to 3.26 mM), consistent with a gain-of-function mutation. A novel His403Gln variant in transforming growth factor, beta-induced (TGFBI), that may be causing keratoconus was also identified, indicating likely digenic inheritance of keratoconus and ADH2 in this family. In conclusion, our identification of a novel germline gain-of-function Gα11 mutation, Val340Met, causing ADH2 demonstrates the importance of the Gα11 C-terminal region for G-protein function and CaSR signal transduction. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).