bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insurance as a Double-Edged Sword: Quantitative Evidence from the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake
Authors: Poontirakul P , Brown C , Seville E , Vargo J , Noy Ilan
Published: April 2021

We examine the role of business interruption (BI) insurance in business recovery following the Christchurch earthquake in 2011. First, we ask whether BI insurance increases the likelihood of business survival in the immediate (3-6 months) aftermath of a disaster. We find positive but statistically insignificant evidence that those firms that had incurred damage, but were covered by BI insurance, had higher likelihood of survival post-quake compared with those firms that did not have any insurance. For the medium-term (2-3 years) survival of firms, our results show a more explicit role for insurance. Firms with BI insurance experience increased productivity and improved performance following a catastrophe. Furthermore, we find that those organisations that receive prompt and full payments of their claims have a better recovery than those that had protracted or inadequate claims payments, but this difference between the two groups is not statistically significant. We find no statistically significant evidence that the latter group (inadequate payment) did any better than those organisations that had damage but no insurance coverage. In general, our analysis indicates the importance not only of adequate insurance coverage, but also of an insurance system that delivers prompt claim payments.

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in 'The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice'. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41288-017-0067-y. The following terms of use apply: https://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/publication-policies/aam-terms-of-use.
بدائل معالجة مشكلة ازدحام السجون في الدول العربية في ضوء بعض التجارب الدولية
Authors: Shanteer Mohamed
Published: April 2021

تعد مشكلة ازدحام السجون بسبب تزايد النزلاء الذين يقضون مدة العقوبة، نتيجة جرائمهم والأحكام القضائية الصادرة ضدهم، من المشكلات التي ترهق المؤسسات العقابية والإصلاحية في الهيئات الشرطية، وذلك من حيث التكلفة الاقتصادية، ومتطلب وجود مستوى خدمات لائق في مرافق السجون، وأيضًا بسبب تعدد الجرائم وتفاوت مدد العقوبات للأشخاص المسجونين، وكذلك بسبب وجود نزلاء أجانب من دول أخرى، فإلى أي مدى تمثل هذه المشكلة واقعًا شديد الأهمية في الدول العربية عمومًا، والمملكة العربية السعودية ودول مجلس التعاون الخليجي الأخرى خصوصًا؟

لذلك تسعى هذه الورقة إلى تحليل بعض التجارب والسياسات العقابية الدولية، خاصة أفضل الممارسات والمعالجات لهذه الظاهرة والخيارات المتاحة، مثل: العقوبات البديلة أو التدابير غير الاحتجازية، خصوصًا في عقوبة السجن قصيرة المدة، أو تبادل الأشخاص المحكوم عليهم، الذين صدر ضدهم حكم قضائي باتٌ في إقليم دولة الإدانة، وجرى نقلهم إلى وطنهم الأصلي لتنفيذ العقوبة الواجبة، أو التوسع في بناء السجون، إلى غير ذلك من بدائل، وما يتطلبه ذلك من تطوير أطر تشريعية من قوانين ولوائح السجون، وأطر تنظيمية ومؤسسية تتعلق بتحسين المرافق والبنية التحتية للسجون وسعتها، وتطوير البرامج الإصلاحية لإدارات السجون، أو الفصل بين هذه المرافق، وتخصيص بعضها للمدد القصيرة، وأخرى للمدد المتوسطة وطويلة الأمد أو تنفيذ العقوبات البديلة.
تقنية التعرُّف إلى الوجه ومكافحة الجريمة في المطارات العربية
Authors: Aleathmani Mohammed
Published: April 2021

إن تحديد هوية الأفراد في المطارات العربية يعتبر هاجس أمني حقيقي مع تزايد التهديدات الأمنية وازدياد أعداد المسافرين، وتقدم أساليب التزييف والانتحال وصعوبة مواكبة التطور التقني للأساليب الإجرامية. تهدف تقنية التعرف على الوجه إلى تحديد هوية الأفراد من خلال صورة وجه الشخص محل الاهتمام والفحص من الجهات الأمنية، ومن استخدامات هذه التقنية في المطارات لتعزيز إجراءات الأمن والسلامة، تستعرض الورقة تقنية التعرف على الوجه أوجه القصور والتحديدات واقتراح استراتجيات أمنية تقنية تعتمد على تقنية التعرف على الوجه.
وتوصي الورقة إلى إجراء مزيدٍ من الاختبارات، الخاصة بدقة نتائج تقنية التعرُّف إلى الوجه؛ حتى يمكن التوصية بالأخذ بها على مستوى الدول العربية؛ لتأمين المطارات العربية من الخارجين على القانون والمطلوبين في القضايا القومية. كذلك تطوير الضوابط الأخلاقية والقانونية لتأطير تقنيات التعرُّف إلى الوجه، بسبب تداعياتها السلبية على الخصوصية والحريات الفردية.
وربط الأنظمة البيومترية باستخدام الخصائص الفسيولوجية الفريدة، مثل بصمات الأصابع وهندسة اليد وشبكية العين والقزحية والتوقيعات اليدوية، لتحديد هوية الفرد. أخيرًا أهمية الاستثمار في تطوير كاميرات
المراقبة التي تلتقِط الصور من جهات وزوايا مختلفة واستخدام تقنية التعرُّف إلى الوجه من خلال التعرُّف إلى النوع أو الجنس للوصول إلى نتائج دقيقة لهذه التقنية بغرض استخدامها في تأمين المطارات العربية.
Peningkatan hasil belajar pada subtema keindahan alam negeriku matapelajaran IPS dan bahasa Indonesia melalui model guided discovery pada siswa kelas IV semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 Di SDN 3 Karangsoko Kabupaten Trenggalek
Authors: Misriati Misriati
Published: April 2021

Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif jenis PTK. Data yang diperoleh meliputi data penerapan model guided discovery, data aktivitas guru dan siswa serta peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, tes, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata persentase aktivitas guru pada siklus I 91,7% (sangat baik) dan meningkat menjadi 100% (sangat baik) pada siklus II. Rata-rata persentase siswa pada siklus I 79,4% (baik) dan meningkat menjadi 98,5% (sangat baik) pada siklus II. Rata-rata hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan pada tahap pra tindakan hanya 64,9 (Cukup) dengan ketuntasan klasikal 41,2% (perlu bimbingan), meningkat menjadi 72,5 (baik) dengan ketuntasan klasikal 58,9% (cukup) pada akhir siklus I dan 91,5 (sangat baik) dengan ketuntasan klasikal 100% (sangat baik) pada akhir siklus II
Parkinson Disease Patient with Wheezing Manifestations: A Case Report
Authors: Zhou Mimi , Jing Siyuan , Chen Yue
Published: April 2021

The dosing of anti-Parkinson drugs is considered as the optimal control of the symptoms of PD, and increasing the dose of drugs is a common method to treat the aggravate state of PD. However, this is a case of PD elderly patient who had nephritic syndrome, with an increase in the dose, the symptoms did not get improved, but a series of other adverse effects appeared.
Identifying Priorities for Marine Tourism Development at Tanggamus Regency, Lampung
Authors: Annishia Fristi Bellia
Published: April 2021

This research aims to determine priorities for the development of marine tourism in Tanggamus Regency. To obtain recommendation for priority for marine tourism development, this research focuses on three marine tourism destinations that managed by Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) together with Tanggamus Government, namely Kiluan Bay, Karang Putih Beach, and Muara Indah Tourism Park. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) as well as questionnaire were conducted with informants from Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports Agency of Tanggamus Regency, and Pokdarwis representatives from management of the research location. This research uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and the priority preferences for the development of marine tourism are assessed from the aspects of connectivity (C1), governments program support (C2), potential problems (C3), and potential value-added locations (C4).  The results show indicators in each data cluster prioritize Kiluan Bay as the first priority to be developed. The results also recommend to increase tourism promotions in the airport area and optimizing the constructions of access roads (C1), synchronizing tourism development plans in the Regional Spatial Plan to the Lampung Province Medium-Long Term Development Plan and facilitating investors in the tourism sectors (C2), educating the public regarded the potential dangers of disasters (C3), supporting for accommodations, local communities attractions and culinary centers (C4).

Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process,  Marine Tourism, Priorities of Development.
From Planning to Tailoring and Implementing GEPs: Lessons Learned within the EQUAL-IST Project
Authors: Sangiuliano Maria , Gorbacheva Elena , Canali Claudia
Published: April 2021

This chapter is focused on the H2020 EQUAL-IST project outcomes and it analyzes the first iteration of Gender Equality Plans implementation taking place between October 2017 and May 2018 and focused on 4 main intervention areas, namely Institutional Communication, Human Resources and Management Practices, Teaching and Services for (Potential) Students, Research Design. Based on internal reports provided by the 6 involved research institutions, we classified all the implemented actions as ‘structural change actions’ or ‘preparatory actions’ (following up the study carried out in Chapter 1 by Sangiuliano, Canali, Madesi) and as ‘internally-oriented actions’ or ‘externally-oriented actions’. The peculiarities of GEP implementation in the Information Sciences and Technology (IST) and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) disciplines appeared to be a common effort from all involved institutions to attract more girls in ICT studies: indeed, the gender leak in the ICT-IST recruitment pipeline starts at the enrollment at university, with extremely low numbers of female students. We therefore aimed at critically understanding if the notable amount of actions to attract more female students, which were initiated within the EQUAL-IST project during the first iteration of GEP implementation, implies a risk to bend the process towards more externally-oriented actions, which are less likely to impact internal power structures, at least in the short run. The chapter also intends to explore whether structural change actions, which have the potential to go beyond mere raising awareness on the topics at stake, tend to be concentrated in the Human Resources and Management Practices area.
Preparation and Implementation Stages of Gender Equality Plan at Information Science and Technology Organization
Lithuanian Case
Authors: Gudoniene Daina , Rutkauskiene Danguole
Published: April 2021

Gender inequality in technological sciences is a problem, which discussed louder than ever. The number of women and men working in the technology sector still struggles to reach equality. The same applies to technological faculties of universities, as women often undertake roles, which include administrative work mostly. This case provides an analysis of the situation at the Kaunas University of Technology (KTU). In Lithuania, the distribution between men and women studying in the field of ICT is similar to the global trend. A big gap can be observed between boys and girls studying in the field of ICT and engineering. During the EQUAL-IST project implementation period, many positive structural changes implemented in the University not only in the faculty level but in the institutional level as well. The study illustrates the preparation and implementation stages of the KTU Gender Equality Plan.
Gender Composition of Boards of Directors and Sensitivity to Gender Issues in Italian University Strategic Plans
Authors: Mazzotta Romilda , Nardo Maria Teresa , Pastore Patrizia , Vingelli Giovanna
Published: April 2021

In the recent Italian regulatory framework, planning is the main point in the effective accomplishment of the mission of universities. Among the planning tools envisaged by the legislator, on one hand strategic plans outline the mission, the strategic guidelines and the objectives of the University, and on the other hand the integrated plan, which includes shorter-term objectives and strategies. Previous research suggests that women in boards of directors bring new perspectives to the board themselves. The objective of the essay is to verify if the gender composition of these bodies influences the quality of the planning process that produce effects on performance and achievement of results. The impact of board structure on gender sensitivity of the Italian state universities is thus explored, and it is verified considering both the process and the content of documents (Strategic Plans). In particular, we use the content analysis methodology in order to build a compliance indicator on the planning process and content. The empirical findings suggest that boards with higher gender diversity are positively related to the gender sensitivity of the strategic plans: the participation of women in the board of directors brings new perspectives to the board and addresses the gender sensitivity of the institution.
Проблемні питання щодо продовження (збільшення) строку дії призначених (встановлених) показників парашутної техніки та загальна методика проведення таких робіт
Authors: Сила І.М.
Published: April 2021

В роботі наведений огляд публікацій та проблемних питань щодо продовження термінів дії призначених показників парашутної техніки (ПТ) після її довгострокового зберігання та експлуатації. Обґрунтована технічна можливість та доцільність проведення робіт щодо продовження призначених показників ПТ після її довгострокового зберігання та експлуатації. Приведені основні положення удосконаленої, стосовно поточного фактичного стану справ галузі парашутобудування в Україні, загальна методика організації та проведення робіт з продовження термінів дії призначених показників ПТ.
Метод зниження бітової швидкості відеоданих в телекомунікаційних системах на основі кодування бітової структури трансформанти
Authors: Красноруцький А.О.
Published: April 2021

У статті показано, що в процесі рішення завдань підвищення продуктивності телекомунікаційних систем виникає необхідність в зменшенні бітової швидкості відеопотоку. Ефективність рішення таких задач залежить від якості надання відеоінформаційних послуг. Проте, на практиці бітова швидкість відеопотоку, збільшується кожен рік, та в даний час перевищує допустимі значення у декілька разів. Основною причиною з одного боку є великі об’єми відеоданих, а з іншого боку обмежені технічні характеристики телекомунікаційних систем. Це приводить до збільшення часу затримки та імовірності втрат пакетів при обслуговуванні пакетів на вузлах комутації. Один з напрямків рішення даної суперечності полягає у зменшені об’ємів відеоданих за рахунок використання методів стиску. В статті розроблено методи стиснення і відновлення зображень для зниження бітової швидкості відеопотоку в телекомунікаційних системах, що забезпечує зниження часу затримки та імовірності втрат пакетів в умовах обмежень за швидкодію обчислювальних систем та швидкістю передачі даних телекомунікаційних систем.
Direito, Justiça e Democracia em uma Ordem Liberal Segundo F. A. Hayek
Authors: Paz Anderson
Published: April 2021

No presente trabalho, visa-se a discutir a concepção de direito, justiça e democracia em uma ordem liberal para F. A. Hayek. Utiliza-se de metodologia exploratória através de revisão bibliográfica que se concentra, principalmente, na obra hayekiana Direito, Legislação e Liberdade. Destacar-se-ão as noções de normas de conduta justa, de descobrimento das leis e o papel do juiz, de justiça associal e de demarquia como um retorno ao ideal democrático. O objetivo de Hayek era evitar que as sociedades ocidentais adentrassem o caminho da servidão. Porém, a relação entre direito, democracia e justiça em Hayek levantam questões e críticas importantes, a saber, a liberdade e a justiça são concebidas apenas em seu sentido negativo, a democracia é entendida apenas nos sentidos formal e procedimental, e ao juiz é atribuído o dever de assumir um papel de Hércules no descobrimento da norma mais adequada aos casos concretos.
Política monetária e a (não) neutralidade da moeda
Authors: Santana Bernardo , Arantes Elaine
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é esclarecer a relação entre as diferentes visões das escolas Austríaca, Pós-Keynesiana, Novo-Clássica e Novo-Keynesiana sobre o impacto da moeda na economia e as recomendações de políticas monetárias.  O arcabouço teórico aborda estas quatro escolas e permite compreender suas percepções a respeito da neutralidade ou não neutralidade da moeda. As diferenças nas percepções estão ligadas às recomendações ou rejeições de interferências governamentais por meio de políticas monetárias. Apresentam-se estas percepções, comparando os efeitos da expansão monetária no longo prazo de acordo com cada escola. Discute-se a atuação do Banco Central como agente estimulador da economia de acordo com cada escola. Tratar a moeda como neutra ou não neutra não significa ter a mesma visão a respeito dos impactos que ela causa no sistema econômico. Cada escola tem suas hipóteses e um entendimento específico e diferenciado quanto às consequências da manipulação da moeda através de intervenções governamentais via políticas monetárias acomodatícias.  Uma visão clara sobre a moeda e seu papel é fundamental para se evitar políticas governamentais equivocadas que em certos momentos podem agravar ou criar mais problemas do que soluções. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com alcance explicativo fundamentada em levantamento bibliográfico.
Non-alcoholic septal reduction in a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with the use of coils
Authors: Lamas Edgar , Osti Alan , Pozetti Antonio , Cristóvão Letícia , Silva Camila
Published: April 2021

In patients with the obstructive variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, when symptomatic despite the medical therapy, septal reduction is a common treatment option. Among all the percutaneous approaches, therapeutic septal alcoholization is the most commonly used technique. Non-alcoholic septal reduction techniques have recently emerged as an additional treatment option, generating procedures with more predictable outcomes and lower complication rates. In this report, we describe a case of therapeutic septal reduction with embolization of the target branch using coils with excellent immediate results.
Sistem pencernaan, sistem ekskresi, sistem peredaran darah dan sistem respirasi pada serangga
Authors: situru Sahil , Fathoni A. Afif
Published: April 2021

Anatomi internal serangga membahasanatomi sistem organ yaitu sistem pencernaan merupakan sistem yangmembahas makanan yang masuk ke dalam tubuh, sistem respirasi merupakan sistem yang membahas pertukaran udara, sistem reproduksi merupakan sistem yang membahas tentang cara evolusi serangga, sistem otot merupakan sistem yang membahas bentuk bentuk ottot dan mekanisme kerjanya, sistem saraf merupakan sistem yang membahas informasi atau pesan pesan yang diterima oleh otak, sistem sirkulasi darah membahas pergerakan darah melalui serangkaian pembuluh
GURU SEBAGAI PROFESI
Authors: AMINULLAH MUHAMMAD
Published: April 2021

Profesi secara etimologi berarti“ sanggup ataupun pakar dalam sesuatu wujud pekerjaan”. Profesi bisa dimaksud selaku sesuatu pekerjaan ataupun jabatan yang menuntut kemampuan serta didapat lewat pembelajaran serta latihan tertentu, bagi persyaratan spesial mempunyai tanggung jawab serta kode etik tertentu. Guru merupakan sesuatu profesi yang berarti guru ialah sesuatu pekerjaan yang di perlukan kemampuan spesial buat memilikinya serta tidak bisa dicoba oleh sembarang orang diluar bidang pembelajaran. Guru bisa digolongkan selaku suatu profesi sebab tidak seluruh orang dapat jadi guru. Dalam Undang‐Undang Nomor. 14 Tahun 2005, dikatakan guru merupakan pendidik dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, memusatkan, melatih, memperhitungkan, serta mengevaluasi partisipan didik pada pembelajaran anak umur dini jalan pembelajaran resmi, pembelajaran dasar, serta pembelajaran menengah. Guru wajib professional supaya pendidikan aktif, efisien, serta efektif sehingga melahirkan sistem pendidikan bermutu serta mencerdaskan sehingga tingkatkan pembelajaran yag terdapat di Indonesia. Guru diharuskan mempunyai 4 kompetensi ialah Kompetensi Pedagogik, Kompetensi Karakter, Kompetensi Sosial, serta Kompetensi Professional.
Optimal Size-Performance Tradeoffs: Weighing PoS Tagger Models
Authors: Jacobsen Magnus , Sørensen Mikkel H. , Derczynski Leon
Published: April 2021

Improvement in machine learning-based NLP performance are often presented with bigger models and more complex code. This presents a trade-off: better scores come at the cost of larger tools; bigger models tend to require more during training and inference time. We present multiple methods for measuring the size of a model, and for comparing this with the model's performance.In a case study over part-of-speech tagging, we then apply these techniques to taggers for eight languages and present a novel analysis identifying which taggers are size-performance optimal. Results indicate that some classical taggers place on the size-performance skyline across languages. Further, although the deep models have highest performance for multiple scores, it is often not the most complex of these that reach peak performance.
Immigration within the European Union Increases Support for Eurosceptic Parties
Authors: Toshkov Dimiter
Published: April 2021

What are the political consequences of immigration? Theoretically, the mechanisms of intergroup contact and outgroup threat can lead to contradictory effects, and it remains uncertain which one would prevail in different contexts. In this article I study the impact of immigration from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) on support for Eurosceptic parties between 2004 and 2019 in the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Italy and Portugal. I find that higher levels of immigration from CEE are systematically related to higher voting shares cast for right-wing Eurosceptic parties at the local level in all of these countries, net of the influence of non-Western immigration. In most countries, the effects are also robust to including a rich set of local-level socio-economic controls. These effects can be found in elections for the European Parliament as well as in national elections. The effects have not diminished over the past 15 years and are most visible in mid-sized localities. The effect on left-wing Euroscepticism is positive in the Netherlands, but negative in Denmark, Sweden and Italy. These results highlight the tension between free movement and political support for European integration. Even in the European Union, immigration from other member states can trigger hostile political reactions.
TATANIAGA DAN MARGIN PEMASARAN IKAN TUNA DI KOTA GORONTALO
Authors: Usman Safri
Published: April 2021

Sampel berjumlah 16 nelayan aktif, 3 pedagang,15 pengecer, dan 1 eksportir. Ikan tuna tersebutdijual langsung ke pedagang grosir di Gorontalodan kemudian dijual ke eksportir di Bali,Makassar, Palu, dan Surabaya. Kemudianeksportir mengekspor tuna ke negara lain.Berdasarkan hasil analisis, Rp40.000 / kg,keuntungan masing-masing agen penjualanmeliputi Rp20.000 / kg untuk pengecer,Rp30.000 / kg untuk pedagang keliling danRp50.000 / kg untuk pedagang. Marginmaksimum adalah «55.56% dari pedagang.
Kinerja Mesin Pengolahan Tanah Pada Lahan Kering Di Kampung Sri Menanti Kabupaten Way Kanan
Authors: Riza Muhammad , Saheri Putra
Published: April 2021

Modernisasi dalam dunia pertanian saat ini adalah hal yang mampu untuk meningkatkan efektivitas kerja, efesiensi waktu dan hasil panen yang melimpah. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang mesin pengolah tanah pada lahan kering, menguji efisiensi pengolahan tanah dan membuat guludan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode rancang bangun dan uji funsional. Parameter dalam penelitian adalah lebar kerja, kedalaman kerja, kecepatan maju, kapasitas lapangan teoritis (KLT), kapasitas lapangan Efektif (KLE), kapasitas kerja (KK), efisiensi lapang (EFL), konsumsi bahan bakar (BBM), bentuk dan ukuran guludan. Setelah melakukan uji fungsional mesin pengolah tanah lahan kering (cultivator) yang telah dirancang mengunakan mesin pengerak 4,5 HP dan pola pengolahan tanah yang baik untuk mengunakan mesin ini adalah pola headland pattern from back furrow (pola tengah). Penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah mesin pengolah lahan kering yang ringan,dimensi kecil, meltifungsi dan menguji hasil rancangan yang telah dilakukan.
DEFINISI KONSEP PROFESI KEGURUAN
Authors: Ariani Nada
Published: April 2021

AbstrakProfesi secara etimologi berasal dari kata profession (inggris) yang berasal dari bahasa latin profesus yang berarti “mampu atau ahli dalam suatu bentuk pekerjaan” profesi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, yang didapat melalui pendidikan dan latihan tertentu, menurut persyaratan khusus memiliki tanggung jawab dank ode etik tertentu. Pekerjaan yang bersifat professional berbeda dengan pekerjaan lainnya karena suatu profesi memerlukan kemampuan dan keahlian khusus dalam melaksanakan profesinya. Profesi juga diartikan sebagai suatu jabatan atau pekerjaan tertentu yang mensyaratkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusu yang diperoleh dari pendidikan akademis yang intensif. Jadi profesi adalah suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian tertentu. Artinya suatu pekerjaan atau jabatanyang disebut profesi tidak dapat dipegang oleh sembarang orang, tetapi memerlukan persiapan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan secara khusus (Musriadi, 2016:27-30).Guru disebut juga sebagai profesi karena menjadi seorang guru adalah sebuah pekerjaan yang menuntut keahlian dan keterampilan khusus yang didapat melalui pendidikan akademis.Suatu jabatan profesi guru ini tidak dapat dipegang oleh sembarang orang,tetapi memerlukan persiapan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan secara khusus.Profesi juga merupakan bidang pekerjaan tertentu yang dinilai telah memenuhi kriteria. Guru merupakan suatu profesi, yang berarti suatu jabatan yang memerlukan keahlian khusus sebagai guru dan tidak dapat dilakukan oleh sembarang orang diluar bidang pendidikan. Walaupun pada kenyataannya masih terdapat guru yang tidak memiliki latar belakang pendidikan bidang keguruan (Heri Susanto, 2020:17).Kempetensi professional berasal dari dua kata yaitu kompetensi dan professional. Pengertian dasar kompetensi (competency) adalah kemampuan atau kecakapan. Dalam kamus besar bahasa Indonesia kompetensi berarti kewenangan/kekuasaan untuk menentukan (memutuskan sesuatu). Keputusan menteri pendidikan nasional No. 045/4/2002 menyebutkan kompetensi sebagai seperangkat tindakan cerdas dan penuh tanggung jawab dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas sesuai dengan pekerjaan tertentu. Sedangkan professional menunjuk pada dua hal, pertama orang yang menyandang suatu profesi, kedua penampilan seseorang dalam melakukan pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan profesinya.
Structure and Stress Field of the Lithosphere between Pamir and Tarim
Authors: Bloch Wasja , Schurr Bernd , Yuan Xiaohui , Ratschbacher Lothar , Reuter Sanaa , Kufner Sofia‑Katerina , Xu Qiang , Zhao Junmeng
Published: April 2021

The Pamir plateau protrudes ~300 km between the Tajik- and Tarim-basin lithosphere of Central Asia. Whether its salient location and shape are caused by forceful indentation of a promontory of Indian mantle lithosphere is debated. We present a new local-seismicity and focal-mechanism catalog, and a P-wave velocity model of the eastern part of the collision system. The data suggest a south-dipping Asian slab that overturns in its easternmost segment. The largest principal stress at depth acts normal on the slab and is orientated parallel to the plate convergence direction. In front (south) of the Asian slab, a volume of mantle with elevated velocities and lined by weak seismicity constitutes the postulated Indian mantle indenter. We propose that the indenter delaminates and overturns the Asian slab, underthrusts the Tarim lithosphere along a compressive transform boundary, and controls the location and shape of the Pamir plateau.
Pre-Talks, a new paradigm for an e-talk equivalent to preprints.
Authors: Bheemaiah Anil Kumar
Published: April 2021

Pre-Talks are introduced as an equivalent of pre-prints to be added to repositories for open publishing to accompany pre-prints, which can optionally be inherited in peer review as quality assurance, to be published in journals or conferences.We present an Alexa skill 8980, part of a pre-talk for a paper on Mixed reality in Neurodiversity, part of the CSIS 8980 course at UMN Twin Cities. ANother example is the inclusion of an academic CRM and SME system, for posters, based on DialogFlow presented at the Hamline Symposium, at Hamline University, as part of this conference, a poster with the SME was presented.Thus academic CRM systems and pre-talks are presented with the use of VUI for the offline and automated presentation of slide show talks and the use of VUI for academic customer relationship management, with query handling and automated QnA sessions.
Effort beats effectiveness in emotion regulation choice: Differences between suppression and distancing in subjective and physiological measures
Authors: Scheffel Christoph , Graupner Sven-Thomas , Gärtner Anne , Zerna Josephine , Strobel Alexander , Dörfel Denise
Published: April 2021

Emotion regulation (ER) can be implemented by different strategies which differ in their capacity to alter emotional responding. What all strategies have in common is that cognitive control must be exercised in order to implement them. The aim of the present preregistered study was to investigate whether the two ER strategies expressive suppression and distancing require different amounts of cognitive effort and whether effort is associated with personality traits. Effort was assessed subjectively via ratings and objectively via pupillometry and heart period. In two studies, N = 110 and N = 52 healthy adults conducted an ER paradigm. Participants used suppression and distancing during inspection of positive and negative pictures. They also had the choice to reapply either of the strategies at the end of the paradigm. Although distancing was more effective in downregulation of subjective arousal (Study 1: p < .001, ηp² = .20; Study 2: p < .001, ηp² = .207), about two thirds reapplied suppression, because it was perceived as less effortful. Effort was rated significantly lower for suppression compared to distancing (Study 1: p = .042, ηp² = .04; Study 2: p = .002, ηp² = .13). However, differences in effort were not reflected in pupillary data or heart period. Broad and narrow personality traits were neither associated with the preferred strategy, nor with subjective or physiological effort measures. Findings suggest that people tend to use the ER strategy that is perceived as less effortful, even though it might not be the most effective strategy.
Rewilding – the farmers perspective. Perceptions and attitudinal support for rewilding among the English farming community.
Authors: Mikołajczak Katarzyna , Jones Nikoleta , Sandom Christopher J. , Wynne-Jones Sophie , Beardsall Antonia , Burgelman Suzanna , Ellam Lucy , Wheeler Helen
Published: April 2021

1. Rewilding is an increasingly common conservation approach, aiming to restore fully functioning, autonomous ecosystems requiring minimal human intervention. Rewilding has the potential to profoundly change landscapes and people-nature relations. These issues prompt an ongoing debate about how and if rewilding should be done. 2. Farmers are key stakeholders in this debate; they stand to be both affected by and to influence the trajectory of rewilding initiatives developing in the UK and abroad. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of farmers' perceptions towards rewilding is lacking. 3. Here, we focus on how members of the farming community in England perceive common rewilding scenarios (beaver release, farm-level rewilding, and landscape-scale rewilding), and how these perceptions shape farmers' attitudinal support towards rewilding practices. 4. Using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 36 farmers and farming representatives, we show that the diversity of famers' attitudes can be understood through the prism of perceptions on five core issues: 1) the perceived need for restoration action, 2) the ecological effectiveness of rewilding, 3) rewilding's compatibility with ensuring food security, 4) rewilding's compatibility with rural lifestyles, livelihoods and economies, and 5) multidimensional justice of rewilding initiatives. These issues are rooted in cultural farming values and the perceptions on them are influenced by mental models, perceived social impacts, and perceived ecological outcomes of rewilding initiatives. Diverse perceptions result in a range of attitudes, from enthusiastic to strongly opposed.5. We argue that the scope to increase support for rewilding varies depending on the type of underlying negative perceptions. Where the negative perceptions are based on objectively verifiable causal beliefs (mental models), opponents minds’ may be changed through the provision of positive experiences, social learning, and adhering to good governance principles. However, where negative perceptions are based on values, e.g. a preference for traditional rural landscapes, they are unlikely to change easily. Accommodating for these values to increase rewilding's acceptability requires compromising on rewilding's own goals, whereas pursuing rewilding ambitions that clash with those values may risk social conflicts.
Entwicklung und Validierung eines praxistauglichen Evaluationsinstruments zur Messung und Optimierung von Lerntransfer
Authors: Sandmeier Anita , Hanke Ulrike , Gubler Martin
Published: April 2021

Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt, ausgehend von der Darstellung bereits existierender Messinstrumente und deren Vor- und Nachteilen, die Entwicklung eines praxistauglichen und zugleich wissenschaftlich validen Evaluationsinstrumentes zur Optimierung des Lerntransfers von Weiterbildungen. Der Fragebogen umfasst 31 Items zum Lernfeld (Weiterbildungsmaßnahme), zum Funktionsfeld (Arbeitsplatz, an dem die in der Weiterbildung erworbenen Kompetenzen eingesetzt werden sollen) sowie zum subjektiv eingeschätzten Transfererfolg. Analysen zu Reliabilität, Faktorstruktur und prädiktiver Validität zeigen, dass das neue Instrument trotz seiner Kürze wissenschaftlichen Anforderungen genügt und in der Praxis ökonomisch zur Evaluation von Lerntransfer von Weiterbildungen eingesetzt werden kann.
Dashboard-Lösungen als Instrument zur Beteiligung von Fachkräften in Evaluationen und Wirkungsanalysen
Authors: Ottmann Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Ergebnisse von Evaluationen und Wirkungsanalysen sollten so aufbereitet und zur Verfügung gestellt werden, dass Fachkräfte in den zu untersuchenden Projekten daraus Rückschlüsse und Konsequenzen für die eigene Arbeit ableiten können. Vielversprechend erscheint hier der Aufbau von regelmäßig aktualisierbaren Auswertungs-Dashboards, mit deren Hilfe Fachkräfte Daten selbständig analysieren können. Im Beitrag wird dargestellt, warum Dashboard-Lösungen im Rahmen von Evaluationen und Wirkungsanalysen sinnvoll sind und wie bei der Erstellung sinnvollerweise vorgegangen werden sollte. Anhand konkreter Beispiele wird die Umsetzung in der Praxis dargestellt, um am Schluss darauf aufbauend künftige Herausforderungen zu formulieren.
Simbolismos y enseñanzas médicas y sociales de unas máscaras precolombinas
Authors: Sotomayor Tribin Hugo Armando
Published: April 2021

Se presentan 4 máscaras precolombinas, tres de las cuales son ecuatorianas y una colombiana. Las primeras son de cerámica y se adscriben a la cultura Jama-Coaque y la tercera de concha Spondylus prínceps no tiene adscripción a ninguna en particular del Ecuador prehispánico, por no existir un estudio sistemático en Ecuador sobre la relación de esas máscaras con sus culturas costeras, la colombiana es de cobre. La primera de cerámica ecuatoriana por su tamaño, peso y elementos agregados – un material blanco que simula los dientes, tres piedras verdes que parecen los ojos y una incrustación sublabial, un bezote – hacen pensar en una máscara mortuoria de un personaje de poder y alto estatus social; la segunda de cerámica por presentar dieciséis nódulos faciales remite al observador a la llamada verruga peruana o bartonelosis, la tercera ecuatoriana fue elaborada posiblemente como un elemento votivo o de ofrenda para exhibir poder o invocar fuerza o protección dado el carácter de gran valor simbólico de esa concha roja. La máscara de cobre del Cauca medio o Quimbaya, en razón a su material, peso y color, con bastante probabilidad fue usada como adorno colocado sobre el pecho del personaje poderoso o de elevado estatus. Se compara la máscara con bartonelosis con otras dos que el autor ya había documentado, la de concha con otra del mismo tipo de material, la máscara de cobre con una pequeña de piedra jadeíta se referencia con una calavera enmascarada que el autor tuvo la oportunidad de estudiar hace varios años. Se concluye sugiriendo los usos tradicionalmente asignados a las máscaras: festivos, mortuorios y como adornos corporales para resaltar el poder de quien las exhibe. Las máscaras con la erupción tipo nódulos debieron jugar un papel similar a las estatuillas en cerámica y piedra que representan patologías con tanto realismo en el arte prehispánico, pudiendo ser una forma de enseñar, dentro de un pensamiento médico empírico analógico, como lo son los moldes en cera, las fotografías, los dibujos y pinturas en la medicina moderna basada en un pensamiento empírico analítico.
PENERAPAN FACE SAND PADA PASIR CETAK UNTUK MENGURANGI REJECT PRODUK DI PT. MITRA KARYA UTAMA
Authors: Lutiyatmi Lutiyatmi , Daryanto Tri , Abdillah Hamid
Published: April 2021

PT. Mitra Karya Utama (MKU) adalah salah satu industri pengecoran logam di Ceper yang menggunakan pasir cetak greensand sebagai bahan cetakan utama dalam pembuatan produk utamanya yaitu Silinder Linier. Produk ini dipesan oleh konsumen secara terus menerus (kontinyu) dan berkelanjutan. Kendala yang dihadapi, dalam proses produksi silinder linier ini mengalami kendala yang mempengaruhi hasil produk silinder linier. Cacat produk tersebut mengakibatkan kurang baik dan kurang berkwalitasnya produk tersebut dan mengakibatkan kerugian. Tujuan dari program ini adalah untuk mengatasi masalah produksi dan meningkatkan mutu produk. Program dilaksanakan dengan melakukan aplikasi penggunaan face sand pada cetakan produk. Penggunaan facesand dilakukan dengan membina operator industri mitra. Hasil yang diperolah adalah penerapan facesand pada cetakan mampu meningkatkan kuantitas produksi dan menurunkan rejek produk menjadi 10%.
Two Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Surgery: Operative Steps
Authors: B. Nerli R. , Patel Priyeshkumar , B. Nerli R. , C. Ghagane Shridhar , Gupta Pulkit , Patil Shashank , S. Dixit Neeraj
Published: April 2021

The placement of a penile prosthesis has been considered the most reliable and effective treatment for erectile dysfunction in men with failed medical treatment. The 2-piece system eliminates a need for separate reservoir making the surgery easy for the treating surgeon/urologist. We report the use of this two-piece prosthesis in a 50-year-old patient with erectile dysfunction and describe the surgical steps of the same.
Tensions and Challenges of Intellectual History in Contemporary Latin America
Authors: Breña Roberto
Published: April 2021

This article provides an overview of some prominent aspects of intellectual history as practiced today in Latin America, especially regarding conceptual history. It delves into the way this methodology arrived to the region not long ago and discusses the way some of its practitioners combine it with the history of political languages, often ignoring the profound differences between both approaches. Therefore, the text stresses some of the most significant contrasts between them. In its last part, the article is critical of the purported “globality” of global intellectual history, an issue that is inextricably linked with the pervasive use of the English language in the field. Throughout, the text poses several of the challenges that lie ahead for intellectual history in Latin America.
RESTORATION OF ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY AFTER CRYOPRESERVATION
Authors: Ramazanov V.V. , Semenchenko A.Yu. , Rudenko S.V.
Published: April 2021

During the erythrocyte transfusion, a significant part of the cells (~ 25%) is utilized by the spleen and liver in a day due to the deformations and damage to cell membranes that resulted from the hypothermic storage or cryopreservation. An increase in free iron in the blood during the decomposition of red blood cells leads to the stimulation of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as to dysfunction of the main organs. The primary indicator of damage to the membranes of erythrocytes can be detected through the changes in their morphology. The work investigated the morphological characteristics of erythrocytes after cryopreservation in a medium containing PEG-1500 and 1,2-PD. Erythrocytes washed after thawing and suspended in an isotonic NaCl solution are represented by echinocytes, at the same time, when placed into a solution with albumin, the cells demonstrate the restoration of their discoid shape. According to the well-established concept, the regulation of the shape of erythrocytes is determined by a change in the conformation of the anionic carrier, which is formed by the main integral membrane protein, the protein of band 3. The study has shown that the treatment of erythrocytes with DIDS, which leads to the fixation of the conformation of the carrier with the transport site facing the outer side of the membrane, does not change the morphomodulatory effect of albumin. At the same time, with a decrease in the medium pH, when the albumin charge approaches zero, its effect is eliminated. The results obtained suggest that, upon freezing-thawing of erythrocytes, the deterioration of hydrophobic interactions of transmembrane segments of the protein of band 3 is accompanied by a change in the balance of electrostatic interactions. Probably, the action of albumin is carried out due to the restoration and stabilization of the indicated balance of membranes, charactestic of the typical eruthrocyte discoid shape. Restoration of the morphology of cryopreserved erythrocytes before the transfusion can help reduce cell deformation, improve systemic hemodynamics and prevent the development of negative clinical consequences.
CONCEPTUAL DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPING MODEL OF REGIONAL CENTER OF CARDIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY BASED ON PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PRINCIPLES
Authors: Ivanyuk V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to substantiate conceptual directions for developing the model of regional center of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery based on the principles of public-private partnership. Material and methods. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, interpretation of scientific date, as well as systemic and structural functional approaches are used in the study. Results. There have been identified four components that are the basis for the conceptual directions in developing the model of regional center of cardiology and cardiovascular, this is a set of methods for a model development, modeling principles, the logical structure formation of the model functioning and modeling technology. At the same time, the conceptual directions of the model development serve as a practical methodology for the complex process of regional center of cardiology and cardiovascular modeling implementation and a strategy for long-term collaboration between the state and business in solving the socially significant task of innovative high-tech cardiological care, which is being created for the population of the region. Conclusions. Conceptual directions serve as a methodological tool for the creation of the modern model of a medical institution with private capital, market mechanisms, ensuring a stable economic progression and the possibility of developing technical base.
CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CRITERIA FOR LIKELYHOOD OF INFECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONGENITAL PNEUMONIA IN NEWBORN CHILDREN WITH CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION
Authors: Fesenko M. Yе. , Shaposhnikiva N. V. , Zyuzina L.S. , Kalyuzhka O. A. , Fastovets M. M.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Issues of the prevention of intrauterine diseases, and, in particular, congenital pneumonia, in newborns with Chlamydia infection, is still remaining unsolved due to the insufficiently developed criteria for diagnosis of the infection and identification of this pathology progression. The aim of this study is to develop clinical, laboratory and instrumental factors of the Chlamydia infection and the development of congenital pneumonia in newborns. Materials and methods. We examined 77 newborns (38 (49.3%) premature children, 39 (50.7%) full-term children). In the main group 54 newborns were diagnosed to have with congenital pneumonia, on them 25 (46.3%) premature and 29 (53.7%) full-term children. The control group included 23 "conditionally healthy" newborns, of the 13 (56.5%) premature and 10 (43.5%) full-term children. The diagnosis of congenital pneumonia in newborns with Chlamydia infection was confirmed based on the anamnesis, clinical criteria, risk factors over the ante-, intra- and postnatal periods, pathological changes detected on neurosonography, disorders of the intestinal microbiocenosis. Specific diagnosis was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with the detection of Chlamydia DNA in the blood serum of newborns. Results and discussion. Comprehensive examination of newborns with congenital pneumonia demonstrated that all newborns in this group were born to mothers infected with Chlamydia, who had burdened obstetric and gynaecological history, complicated pregnancy (due to the presence of a large percentage of extragenital and genital pathology and pathological course of childbirth of pregnant women). It was found that ventricular dilatation, cysts of vascular plexuses and leukomalacia, movement disorders and organic lesions of the central nervous system occurred only in children with congenital pneumonia. It has been demonstrated that the severity of congenital pneumonia in the examined newborns is determined by the contamination of the body with pathogenic flora (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, St. aureus, Klebsiella, Candida). Conclusion. Applying a set of diagnostic criteria for early detection of congenital pneumonia and its progression in children with Chlamydia infection enables to verify the diagnosis and timely prescribe etiotropic therapy in the first days of newborns’ life.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHARMACEUTICAL THERAPY OF HIGH-RISK PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Gogayeva O.
Published: April 2021

The number of patients after surgical myocardial revascularization is growing annually. New regional centres are being created, and the cardiologists are facing the pressing issues of managing patients after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pharmaceutical therapy for high-risk patients with coronary artery disease after surgical myocardial revascularization. Material and methods: a retrospective analysis of data from 194 high-risk patients (selected by random sampling) with coronary artery disease, who were operated on and discharged from Amosov National Institute of cardiovascular surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine for the period 2009–2019. The average age of the patients was 64.2+8.9 years. All patients underwent standard laboratory and clinical examinations, coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: dual antiplatelet therapy has been found out as optimal for the patients with sinus rhythm. A combination of an antiplatelet agent with a vitamin K antagonist or new oral anticoaguants is effective and can be recommended for the patients with atrial fibrillation. Lipid-lowering therapy is prescribed to all patients prior to the surgery and the following parameters as the control of low-density lipoproteins, liver enzymes, and serum creatinine should be under the constant control. Gastroprotective therapy with pantoprazole is indicated to all patients after myocardial revascularization. When prescribing antihypertensive therapy in the postoperative period, it is important to consider the severity of stenosis of the carotid arteries. Conclusions: Pharmaceutical therapy of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery should be carried out in a patient-centred manner and in accordance with the principle – “non nocere” (Do not harm), taking into account the cardiac status and comorbidity.