bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHELF LIFE EXTENSION PROGRAM: REVALIDATING THE EXPIRY DATE
Authors: pathak Kamla
Published: January 2022

From a Pharmacist's viewpoint expiry date is the time required for the drug content of a formulation to reduce to 90% of its labelled amount. Generally speaking, expiry date can be viewed as a guarantee from the manufacturer that drug formulation will maintain its potency within the specified period, in the storage condition recommended by them. The guarantee is conditional in as much as a drug formulation will maintain its potency within the period (Expiry date) if there has been no deviation from the recommended storage condition. The manufacturer's guaranteed life period of the products are disclosed to the consumers by printing the expiry date on the label.
Legal Mismatch on Illegal Sand Mining in Indonesia: an Example in Sleman, Indonesia
Authors: Putri Paramitha Susanti , Raharjo Trisno
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of regulations on illegal sand mining activities in Sleman Regency. The approach used is a legal regulation approach.

The results of the study found that the implementation of regulations in illegal sand mining activities in Sleman Regency had not been implemented properly. In fact there are many violations committed by miners in running their businesses, and many mining activities are carried out illegally without having a mining business permit. In addition, the obstacle faced in implementing the regulation is that the miners believe that the sand they take is a blessing due to the eruption of Mount Merapi, so they assume that they can mine in large quantities. In addition, there are limitations to regional budgets that often become obstacles in implementing reclamation as an act of restoring environmental damage carried out by the Environment Agency both at the provincial and district / city levels as well as the limited number of personnel and experts.
For The Many, Not the Few: Case Analysis of Bukit Duri Forced Eviction in Jakarta
Authors: Afriansyah Arie
Published: January 2022

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights allow states to conduct forced eviction as long as it is carried out within the given boundaries. This journal will comprehensively elaborate each standards given by the two international human rights covenants as well as the implementation of those standards in the cases of Human Rights Committee and Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The standards will then be applied to analyze the case of forced eviction in Bukit Duri, South Jakarta, in the year of 2016. Based on the literature review and the interviews that have been conducted, it can be concluded that states can justify their action of forced eviction if it fulfills the standards of ‘lawful’ and ‘non-arbitrary’. The Bukit Duri forced eviction did not fulfill those standards.
Increasing Referendum Participation in Accordance with the Philosophy of Samsen Resident’s in Thailand
Authors: Sangchan Barameeboon
Published: January 2022

Following the referendum on the draft Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. which was held on 7 August 2016, it revealed that most voters approved this draft constitution. Nevertheless, in this study of Samsen Community’s people who voted, they have their opinions about the political structure which are; Thailand is ready for the 2-party system, the qualification of the candidate should be graduated with a bachelor’s degree, and the head of the government should come from the party with a majority vote. Additionally, they disagree about the prime minister who comes from the senator’s nomination, and the senator should not have the authority of controlling the independent entity.
Political Motives in Term of Criminal Definition on Terorism Law in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Prayitno Imam , Kadir Abdul
Published: January 2022

In Law Number 5 Year 2018, the definition of terrorism with political motives is regulated. This is different from the previous regulation, namely Law Number 15 Year 2003 concerning the stipulation of Government Regulations in lieu of Law Number 1 Year 2002 concerning Eradication of Terrorism Criminal Acts. The issue raised is how the political motives as the goal of terrorism and what are the fundamental changes of the latest terrorism law. This research uses normative legal research in which the study legal material contains normative rules. With the ratification of the Terrorism Law, political motives are used as an element of the offense formula. Some changes are on the Definition of Terrorism, Terrorism Organizations, Military and Paramilitary Training, Incitement, involvement of children, time of detention, arrest, wiretapping, protection, victims' rights, prevention, BNPT, TNI involvement and oversight by the DPR.
The Corruption Behavior in The Behind of Fatsun Leadership of Kiai in The Region of Madura, Indonesia
Authors: Nadir Nadir , Wardani Win Yuli
Published: January 2022

New corruption of the autonomous regions take a place, so that the government is unable to control the regional government. This is because the lack of supervision in the area during this is becoming the main factors a trigger regional heads to conduct corruption, and abuse of authority behind legitimacy leadership kiai. In addition, people in the they felt unable to be afraid to monitor and regional leaders, because it is still of cling values trach kiai. Hence, regional head lost his control. Local government administration as the base behavior corruption behind legitimacy leadership kiai because some respects, namely: (1) of the lack of supervision of the central government towards the regional government. (2) the the breadth of affairs which is the authority of the regional government. (3) of religiousness loss of values in self leader. (4) the weak regulation criminal sanctions for investors. (5) the lack of supervision of the society to the regional government. (6) values still a cling obedience the community against the figure of kiai. While the supporters become factors behavior corruption increasingly exist in perspective regional government reversed legitimacy leadership kiai, namely: (1) an opportunity patient office / erceived opportunity. (2) desire or the will to do corruption. (3) living expenses as pressure (lavish lifestyle as a necessity / living beyond one' s means, polygamy as a cost not light, promising welfare, promising removal of civil servants for temporary, promising free health.
Estabilidad de color de dientes acrílicos inmersos en una solución pigmentante
Authors: Rojas Saldivar Jessica Paola , Díaz Suyo Juan Antonio
Published: January 2022

Introducción: El uso de prótesis parciales y totales son alternativas de tratamiento integral en rehabilitación oral que nos permite devolver la estética, autoestima y capacidad para socializar entre los pacientes que hacen uso de estas. Es importante que los dientes artificiales de resina acrílica que se usan en estas prótesis presenten propiedades beneficiosas como la estabilidad de color. Objetivo: Comparar la estabilidad de color de dientes acrílicos inmersos en una solución pigmentante. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, in vitro. El estudio se realizó en 40 dientes acrílicos de dos casas comerciales sumergidas en café y agua destilada (control), divididas en 4 grupos de 10 dientes cada uno, G1 (dientes Duratone-n® sumergidos en agua destilada), G2 (dientes Duratone-n® sumergidos en café), G3 Dientes Ivostar® sumergidos en agua destilada) y G4 para (Dientes Ivostar® sumergidos en café). Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en su respectiva solución  durante 10 minutos al día por un periodo de 14 días. Finalmente las muestras fueron almacenadas en una incubadora a una temperatura constante de 37°C. El color se registró en dos tiempos (tiempo inicial y a los 14 días) utilizando el espectrofotómetro Vita Easyshade® V. Una vez obtenidos los resultados se analizaron en el programa Stata 14. Resultados: Los dientes Ivostar®  sumergidos en café (2.24) y agua destilada (2.88) exhibieron los mayores valores de ΔE en comparación con los dientes Duratone-n®  sumergidos en café (1.53) y agua destilada (1.60). Conclusión: Se concluyó que después de la exposición al café los dientes de la marca Duratone-n® presentaron mayor estabilidad de color en comparación con los dientes de la marcar Ivostar®.
Experimental Test Setup for Deoiling Hydrocyclones Using Conventional Pressure Drop Ratio Control
Authors: Vallabhan K. G. Mishiga , Dudek Marcin , Holden Christian
Published: January 2022

Produced water is a major challenge in the oil and gas industry, especially with the aging of oil fields. Proper treatment of produced water is important in reducing the environmental footprint of oil and gas production. On offshore platforms, hydrocyclones are commonly used for produced-water treatment. However, maintaining the efficiency of hydrocyclones subjected to plant disturbances is a difficult task owing to their compact nature. This paper describes a new experimental test rig built at the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for testing industrial-scale hydrocyclones. The test setup can emulate first-stage separation and create plant disturbances, such as changes in flow rate, oil concentration, and oil droplet distribution at the inlet of the hydrocyclones. Also, the setup is capable of testing different control algorithms, which helps to maintain the efficiency of hydrocyclones in the presence of such disturbances. The test rig is equipped with various instruments that can monitor such parameters as pressure, flow, temperature, and oil concentration. A typical pressure drop ratio (PDR) control scheme for hydrocyclones is tested in the test rig, which can control the disturbances in the inflow rate. The PDR control scheme does not detect disturbances in the inlet oil concentration and changes in droplet distribution, and these scenarios are shown experimentally in this paper.
Experimental Study of Proppant Bridging in a Model of a Hydraulic Fracture
Authors: Golovin Sergey , Besov Alexey , Chebotnikov Aleksey , Ermanyuk Evgeny
Published: January 2022

In this article, we investigate formation of the local clogging (bridging) of proppant in a channel with gradually narrowing walls. The experimental facility allows us to simulate the process of the proppant transport in a hydraulic fracture by reproduction of the characteristic channel width, velocity of slurry, rheology of fracturing fluids, and typical concentrations of proppant. The goal of the study is to give qualitative description of the dynamics of the congestion of the proppant up to the complete blockage of the flow. In contrast to common practice of imposing bridging criteria by postulating certain threshold value of the width to proppant size ratio, we demonstrate that the bridging process involves several stages: clogging of two to three particles, growth of stable “islands,” connection of the islands by arches, and, finally, the total sandout of the cell by the bridged proppant. The observations of the paper gives better understanding of the bridging process giving the directions for more precise numerical simulations.
Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction Induced Heart Failure: Study Protocol of a Phase III Randomized Clinical Trial (Prevent-TAHA8)
Authors: Attar Armin , Monabati Ahmad , Montaseri Mohammad , Vosough Massoud , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Kojouri Javad , Abdi-Ardekani Alireza , Izadpanah Peyman , Azarpira Negar , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Ramzi Mani
Published: January 2022

BackgroundResults from recent clinical trials on bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation show that this intervention can help reduce the incidence of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, no study has evaluated the effect of the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on a clinical endpoint such as HF.MethodsThis single-blinded, randomized, multicenter trial aims to establish whether the intracoronary infusion of umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) helps prevent HF development after AMI. The study will enroll 360 patients 3 to 7 days following AMI. Only patients aged below 65 years with impaired LV function (LVEF < 40%) will be included. They will be randomized (2:1 ratio) to either receive standard care or a single intracoronary infusion of 107 WJ-MSCs. The primary outcome of this study is the assessment of HF development during long-term follow-up (3 years).DiscussionData will be collected until Nov 2024. Thereafter, the analysis will be conducted. Results are expected to be ready by Dec 2024. We will prepare and submit the related manuscript in accordance with the SPIRIT guidelines. This study will help determine whether or not the infusion of intracoronary WJ-MSCs in patients with AMI will reduce the incidence of AMI-induced HF.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05043610, Registered 14 September 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05043610
Serotonin regulation of behaviour via large-scale neuromodulation of serotonin receptor networks
Authors: Salvan Piergiorgio , Fonseca Madalena , Winkler Anderson , Beauchamp Antoine , Lerch Jason , Johansen-Berg Heidi
Published: January 2022

Although we understand how serotonin receptors function at the single-cell level, what role different serotonin receptors play in regulating brain-wide activity and, in turn, human behaviour, remains unknown. Here, we developed transcriptomic-neuroimaging mapping to characterise brain-wide functional signatures associated with specific serotonin receptors: serotonin receptor networks (SRNs). Probing SRNs with optogenetics-fMRI and pharmacology in mice, we show that activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons differentially modulates the amplitude and functional connectivity of different SRNs, showing that receptors’ spatial distributions can confer specificity not only at the local, but also at the brain-wide, network-level. In humans, using resting state fMRI, different sets of SRNs are linked to different behavioural phenotypes. These results provide compelling evidence that heterogeneous brain-wide distributions of different serotonin receptor types may underpin behaviourally-distinct modes of serotonin regulation. This suggests that dorsal raphe serotonin neurons may regulate multiple aspects of human behaviour via modulation of large-scale receptor networks.
Exploring Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy-Related Oral Mucositis
Authors: Kang Michelle , Schifter Mark , Whittle Terry , Curnow Jennifer , Veness Michael , Pritchard Aaron , Bedford Cheryl , Burns Melissa , Sundaresan Purnima
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Determine health professionals’ (HPs’) perceptions of oral mucositis (OM), including clinical presentation of chemotherapy (CT)-induced vs radiation therapy (RT)-induced OM, its assessment and management.
Methods
HPs involved in the care of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients receiving RT to the oral cavity/oropharynx and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients receiving mucositis-inducing CT regimens were invited to participate in a customised 20-question survey. Themes included OM presentation, assessment and management.
Results
Survey response rate was 81.4%. Most were nurses (33%) and specialist doctors/dentists (25%). Majority (45%) identified as part of the haematology service, followed by radiation oncology (32%). Most haematology and radiation oncology HPs (89% and 70%, respectively) agreed/strongly agreed that OM impacted patients’ ability to complete treatment. There was a significant association (p<0.01) between HPs’ specialty and their perceptions of OM manifestations. Most radiation oncology (85%) and all oral medicine HPs agreed/strongly agreed that clinical manifestations of CT-induced OM and RT-induced OM were different, whereas haematology HPs varied in their perceptions (11% disagreed, 41% were neutral and 48% agreed/strongly agreed). There was uncertainty regarding differences in management of CT vs RT-induced OM: 30% of haematology HPs and 45% of radiation oncology HPs agreed/strongly agreed but most (52% and 45%, respectively in each group) responded “neutral.”
Conclusion
OM was recognised to adversely impact HSCT and HNC RT patients’ ability to complete treatment. There were differences in HPs’ perceived understanding of OM manifestations and management. Interventions to address these may reduce unwanted variations in patient care and outcomes.
Stress and Its Association With Involvement in Online Classes: A Cross-sectional Study Among Undergraduate Students of a Medical College, South India
Authors: Motappa Rohith , Sachith Malavika , R Pracheth
Published: January 2022

BackgroundWith the implementation of lockdown and all students restricted to their houses, medical education has shifted towards the online mode. The objective of this study was to assess stress during the pandemic and the association between stress and involvement in online classes among students of a medical college in Mangalore, Karnataka, South India.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 undergraduate students at a medical college in Mangalore, Karnataka, South India. The extent of stress was assessed using a perceived stress scale (PSS), and a questionnaire was used to identify different stressors and to understand the participant’s involvement in online classes. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.ResultsIn this study, the mean perceived stress score was 21.66 ± 4. Moderate stress was observed in 262 (85%) students. The main stressors noted were inability to focus (173 (56.4%)) and fear of exams (153 (49.8%)). A significant association was noted between stress and involvement in online classes.Conclusion﻿This study thereby highlights the need for more attention to the various stressors among students and for making online classes student friendly.
Magnetic molecules as sensors of topological hysteresis of superconductors
Authors: Serrano Giulia , Poggini Lorenzo , Cucinotta Giuseppe , Sorrentino Andrea , Giaconi Niccolò , Cortigiani Brunetto , Longo Danilo , Otero Edwige , Sainctavit Philippe , Caneschi Andrea , Mannini Matteo , Sessoli Roberta
Published: January 2022

Superconductors and magnetic materials, including molecules, are key ingredients for quantum and advanced spintronic applications. However, only a little is known about how these materials are mutually influenced at their interface in hybrid architectures. Here, we show that a single layer of magnetic molecules, the Terbium(III) bis-phthalocyaninato (TbPc2) complexes, deposited on a superconducting Pb(111) surface is sensitive to the topology of the intermediate state of the superconductor, namely to the presence and evolution of superconducting and normal domains due to the magnetic field screening and penetration. The evidence of this sensitivity is found in the magnetisation dynamics of the TbPc2 sub-monolayer in its paramagnetic regime showing the fingerprint of the topological hysteresis of the superconducting substrate. This study reveals the great potentialities hold by thin layers of magnetic molecules for sensing local magnetic field variation in hybrid molecular/superconductor architectures, including spin resonators or spin injection devices for spintronics applications.
A Machine Learning Analysis of COVID-19 Mental Health Data
Authors: Rezapour Mostafa , Hansen Lucas
Published: January 2022

In late December 2019, the novel coronavirus (Sars-Cov-2) and the resulting disease COVID-19 were first identified in Wuhan China. The disease slipped through containment measures, with the first known case in the United States being identified on January 20th, 2020. In this paper, we utilize survey data from the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research and apply several statistical and machine learning models and techniques such as Decision Trees, Multinomial Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, Random Forests, Gradient Tree Boosting, XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, Synthetic Minority Oversampling, and Chi-Squared Test to analyze the impacts the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the mental health of frontline workers in the United States. Through the interpretation of the many models applied to the mental health survey data, we have concluded that the most important factor in predicting the mental health decline of a frontline worker is the healthcare role the individual is in (Nurse, Emergency Room Staff, Surgeon, etc.), followed by the amount of sleep the individual has had in the last week, the amount of COVID-19 related news an individual has consumed on average in a day, the age of the worker, and the usage of alcohol and cannabis.
Time-Varying Stock-Recruitment Model For Estimating Population Characteristics of Green Turtles
Authors: Monte-Luna Pablo del , Nakamura Miguel , Guzmán-Hernández Vicente , Cuevas Eduardo , López-Castro Melania , Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco
Published: January 2022

The stock-recruitment relationship (SR), customarily used in fisheries assessment, can be used to analyze demographic data of sea turtles to infer changes in hatchling production (R) as a function of nester abundance (S), recruitment rates and the influence of environmental conditions on these population features. The SR Cushing model (R=aS^b), where a and b are the model parameters) is well-suited for representing the dynamics of recovering populations, such as the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Campeche, Mexico. This study aimed to explore the SR Cushing model using a time series of the abundance of nesters and hatchlings (1984–2020). By applying local regressions (9-yr moving windows), we found that the time series of parameter b (the change in R as a function of S) and the recruitment rate (hatchlings per nester) were inversely correlated with a 26-yr cycle of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation –sea surface temperature (SST), over the Atlantic– (r^2=0.83) and (r^2=0.64), respectively, at a 3-yr lag). Model diagnostics using the time-dependent Cushing model substantiated that the log-normal distribution of hatchlings of C. mydas in Campeche depends on the abundance of nesting females and on a low frequency SST signal (r^2=0.98). The positive trend in nester numbers of green turtles in Campeche during the past 44 years may be the result of persistent conservation efforts, while the drastic and sporadic changes in the growth rate of annual arrivals and hatchling production are suggestive of population dynamics driven by low frequency, basin-wide environmental signals.
Hypoxia-Ischemia During a Neonatal Sensitive Period Alters Purkinje Neuron Dendritic Complexity Differently in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Arambula Sheryl E , Perez-Pouchoulen Miguel , Waddell Jaylyn , Leite Andressa Rejani Ribeiro , Graham Emily L , Mehrabani-Tabari Amir A , McCarthy Margaret M
Published: January 2022

Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major health issue with no effective therapies beyond head cooling. Notably, male infants are at a greater risk for HI and exhibit more extreme deficits than females. Extensive clinical evidence indicates that perinatal HI impacts the developing cerebellum, yet this region has been largely ignored in preclinical models. Using a modified version of the Rice-Vannucci rat model for HI injury at postnatal day 10, we find reductions in dendritic complexity of Purkinje neurons in males one week later. Females exhibited modest but opposite effects, with slight increases in dendritic complexity, based on Sholl analysis. A custom-made NanoString panel for quantifying mRNAs associated with development, inflammation, and sex differences found almost no commonality in the response to HI in males versus females, with males up-regulating genes associated with microglia activity whereas females increased expression of a protective complement protein, but also of enzymes associated with endocannabinoids and prostaglandins. Both sexes exhibited a reduction in the GABA-synthetic enzymes, GAD-65 and GAD-67, after HI, suggesting increased excitotoxicity, but why males suffered more damage to the Purkinje neurons is unknown.
Tropomyosin micelles are the major white components in the boiled soup of shellfish
Authors: Akihiro Takashi , Yasui Ryou , Yasuhira Shinji , Matsumoto Ken-ich , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Matsuo Yasuhiro , Shimazu Hidehisa , Matsuzaki Takashi , Matsumoto Shingo , Ishida Hideki
Published: January 2022

Basket clam soup, a popular Asian dish, is prepared by boiling clams in hot water. The soup is generally cloudy and considered more delicious as cloudiness increases. However, the identity of the whitening ingredients and their relationship with taste remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the components that contribute to the white color of the boiled soup. The white component was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and reacted positively with ninhydrin, indicating the presence of proteins. The proteins were separated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an intense band was observed at 33 kDa. Peptide mass fingerprinting of this band using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry revealed the protein to be tropomyosin. Basket clam tropomyosin expressed and purified from Escherichia coli turned the extracted solution white, confirming that tropomyosin contributed to the white color of clam soup.
First Manifestation of AQP4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Associated with the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2
Authors: Umezawa Shu , Ioka Katsura , Aizawa Satoshi , Tashiro Yuichi , Yoshizawa Kazuo
Published: January 2022

BNT162b2 is one of the effective COVID-19 vaccines. However, some researchers have also reported that the vaccines caused some neurological complications. Here, we present a case of a 52-year-old female who developed aquaporin (AQP) 4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) fourteen days after the first dose of BNT162b2. She experienced pain of the neck, weakness of the left arm and leg, numbness of the left hand, and impaired temperature sensation of the right leg. MRI showed T2WI hyperintense lesions in the area postrema and cervical spinal cord ranging from C1 to C6 level, and Gd-enhanced lesions from C3 to C5 level; especially left lateral column was predominantly enhanced. Cell-based assays showed anti-AQP4 antibody (AQP4Ab) was positive. We diagnosed AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD. After high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, she is showing improved symptoms. The present case was characterized by the findings that a Gd-enhanced lesion in the cervical cord localized dominantly at the left lateral column, consistent with the side of the shoulder where the vaccine was injected. Many studies suggested that AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD development has multistep mechanisms following the blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. We suspected that BNT162b2-associated immune responses lead to BBB disruptions. Through the limitedly damaged BBB, the plasma cells producing AQP4Abs might be recruited to CNS, and AQP4Abs might bind to the cervical cord and the area postrema. A large population-based study revealed that BNT162b2-associated complications were less likely to be observed than COVID-19 infectious symptoms. However, considering the present case, neurologists need to observe the conditions following vaccination.
Determination of Sex Ratio In Bovine Semen Using SYBR Green Real-Time PCR
Authors: Harshini Vemula , Karthickeyan S.M.K. , Kumarasamy K.G P. , Tirumurugaan  , Jeevan C.
Published: January 2022

A SYBR green real-time PCR assay was developed to find out the sex skewness in bovine sex-sorted semen samples. The qPCR assay of PLP and SRY genes revealed the mean values of X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa as 50.24 ± 0.65 and 49.75 ± 0.62 per cent in unsorted, and 91.80 ± 0.79 and 8.20 ± 0.73 per cent in X-enriched semen samples respectively.. The amplification efficiencies of the PLP and SRY primers were 99.25 and 98.03 per cent respectively. The method was validated by a series of repeatability and reproducibility assays which revealed low co-efficients of variations as 2.19 and 3.12 per cent respectively Thus becoming a reliable and inexpensive tool to evaluate the sorted semen on routine basis and validation of other sperm sexing technologies.
SARS-CoV-2 Delta AY.1 variant Cluster in an accommodation facility for COVID-19
Authors: Ohishi Takayuki , Yamagishi Takuya , Kurosu Hitomi , Kato Hideaki , Takayama Yoko , Anan Hideaki , Kunishima Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

This is a case report on a cluster infection of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 delta AY.1 variant at an accommodation facility and the subsequent attempts to isolate individuals who tested positive. The background that facilitated this cluster was investigated, and the conditions in which infection was established, the infection route, and the effectiveness of routine measures were evaluated. Ninety-nine staff members had been working at the accommodation facility at the time of infection, and it was estimated that 10 members were infected with the delta AY.1 variant. Our results suggest that infection of staff from a patient staying overnight should be excluded. The factors contributing to the cluster infection involved short-distance conversations with individuals wearing non-woven three-layer masks moved out of position (non-woven) and gathering together with individuals wearing non-woven masks in hypoventilated conditions. Our findings also indicate that this variant is possibly airborne and can infect individuals in enclosed spaces with poor ventilation, even when either infected or exposed individuals wear non-woven masks. The routine maintenance of systems established for the detection of infections and prompt and appropriate preventive measures following the identification of positive individuals will help prevent further cluster infections.
Uncovering the Potential Mechanism of Xue Fu Zhu Yu Decoction in the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xue Dao-jin , Zhen Zheng , Wang Ke-xin , Zhao Jia-lin , Gao Yao , Chen Yu-peng , Shen You-bi , Peng Zi-zhuang , Guan Dao-gang , Huang Tao
Published: January 2022

Background
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is characterized by “multi- compounds, multi-targets and multi-pathway”, which has advanced benefits for the preventing and treating complex diseases, but still exists unsolved issues, mainly include unclear material basis and underling mechanism of prescription. Integrated pharmacology is a hot cross research area based on system biology, mathematic and poly-pharmacology. It can systematically and comprehensively investigate the therapeutic reaction of compounds or drugs on pathogenic genes network, and is especially suitable for the study of complex CHM systems. Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the main causes of death among Chinese residents, which is characterized by high mortality and high disability rate. In recent years, the treatment of ICH by CHM has been deeply researched. Xue Fu Zhu Yu Decoction (XFZYD), one of the commonly used prescriptions in treating ICH at clinic level, has not been clear about its mechanism in treating ICH.
Methods
Here, we established a strategy, which based on compounds-targets, pathogenetic genes, network analysis and node importance calculation. Using this strategy, the core compounds group (CCG) of XFZYD was predicted and validated by in vitro experiments. The molecular mechanism of XFZYD in treating ICH was deduced based on CCG and their targets.
Results
The results show that the CCG with 43 compounds predicted by this model is highly consistent with the corresponding Compound-Target (C-T) network in terms of gene coverage, enriched pathway coverage and accumulated contribution of key nodes at 89.49%, 88.72% and 90.11%, respectively, which confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the effective compound group optimization and mechanism speculation strategy proposed by us.
Conclusions
Our strategy of optimizing the effective compound groups and inferring the mechanism provides a strategic reference for explaining the optimization and inferring the molecular mechanism of prescriptions in treating complex diseases of CHM.
Comparison of Electrophysiological Indices of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Comorbid With and Without Reading Disorder (ADHD & RD)
Authors: Chalabianloo Gh.Reza , keshtgar zahra , Noorazar Gh.Reza , Poormohammad Ahmad
Published: January 2022

BackgroundAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Most children and adolescents with ADHD have at least some developmental or mental disorders identified from the early years of elementary school. The most common of these are educational and learning problems in these children, which are probably due to the attention deficits of these children. Therefore, it is expected that the cortical activity pattern of ADHD children is different from ADHD comorbid with learning disabilities, which we have examined in this study.MethodsThis study evaluated the pattern of cortical activity in children 6 to 12 years old with ADHD comorbid with and without the reading disorder (ADHD & RD) using 21-channel electroencephalography. Multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures in a 2 * 3 * 7 design and T-test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe results show that in ADHD children, the activity of different bands increases compared to ADHD comorbid with RD children. In the ADHD group compared to the ADHD comorbid with RD group, the theta/beta ratio in all three regions, especially the anterior region, is higher than the theta/alpha activity in those areas, and this group has significantly higher activity in all three brain regions, especially the anterior region, compared to ADHD comorbid with RD patients.ConclusionsFunctional changes in the left parietal cortex, which is part of the frontoparietal attention network and involved in phonological processing, reading, and calculation, are evident in children with ADHD comorbid with and without the reading disorder (ADHD & RD). However, ADHD without reading disorder shows more activation of the frontoparietal network than ADHD comorbid with reading disorder, and therefore it can be said that ADHD without reading disorder exerts more cognitive control. Therefore, it is likely to be possible to prevent educational problems in these children by using neurofeedback or prescribing drugs that increase the activity of the areas involved in attention.
Development and Optimization of A High-Throughput 3D Rat Purkinje Neuron Culture to Study Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration
Authors: Uggerud Ida Margrethe , Krakenes Torbjorn , Hirai Hirokazu , Vedeler Christian Alexander , Schubert Manja
Published: January 2022

Improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disease has been hampered by the lack of robust cellular models that faithfully replicate in vivo features. Here, we present a refined protocol for generating age-dependent, well-developed and synaptically active rat Purkinje neurons in a 3D cell network culture which are responsive to a disease inducer. Using our model, we found that the application of autoantibody Yo, a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) inducer, alters the structure of the dendritic arbour of cultured Purkinje neurons. The numbers of dendrites per branch-order, the branch-order in itself and the dendritic length were reduced by anti-Yo, proving a functional role for anti-Yo in the pathogenesis of PCD. Our new ex-vivo model is flexible and can be used to investigate disease mechanisms that disturb Purkinje neuron function and communication in 3D. Since it is possible to use the approach in a multi-well format, this method also has high-throughput screening potential.
Impact of Multi-parametric Analyses on Normal Left Atrial Strain by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking
Authors: Eckstein Jan , Körperich Hermann , Paluszkiewicz Lech , Burchert Wolfgang , Piran Misagh
Published: January 2022

Left-atrial (LA) strain is the result of complex hemodynamics, increasingly assessed by feature-tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We investigate the value of multi-parametric regression (MPR) analyses and the influence of the heart rate on LA-strain. As LA-strain data remains limited, CMR-quantified sex- and age-dependent normal values were derived. After following a health assessment questionnaire, 183 healthy volunteers (11-70 years, 97 females, median 32.9±28.3 years) were recruited for LA-strain assessment. LA volumetric data, left ventricular strain, transmitral and pulmonary venous blood flow parameters were utilized to create clusters for MPR analyses for all subjects and heart rate-specific subgroups (range: 60–75 beats-per-minute, N=106). In comparison to the total cohort, subgroups showed no gender differences (p>0.05) for LA reservoir, conduit and booster strains (all: 47.3±12.7%; 29.0±15.5%; 17.6±5.4%) and strain rates (all: 2.1±1.0 s−1; -2.9 ± 1.5 s−1; -2.3 ± 1.0 s−1). MPR analyses identified parameter clusters with large effect size (|R²|≥0.26) for reservoir-, conduit- and booster strain and corresponding active and passive cardiac functional parameters. Increased correlations for the subgroup were found. In contrast to previous studies, heart rate selected subgroups showed no gender differences in LA-strain. MPR analyses improve characterization of LA-strain at selected heart rates.
DNA Aptamers Specific for Legionella Pneumophila: Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment in Whole Bacterial Cells
Authors: Xiong Lina , Xia Mingchen , Wang Qinglin , Meng Zhen , Zhang Jie , Yu Guohui , Dong Zhangyong , Lu Yongjun , Sun Yunhao
Published: January 2022

Legionella pneumophila is the major causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, which pose major public health problems. Rapid detection of L. pneumophila is important for global control of these diseases. Aptamers, short oligonucleotides that bind to targets with high affinity and specificity, have great potential for use in pathogenic bacterium detection, diagnostics, and therapy. Here, we used a whole-cell SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) method to isolate and characterize single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers against L. pneumophila. A total of 60 ssDNA sequences were identified after 17 rounds of selection. Other bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas syringae, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella quateirensis, and Legionella adelaidensis) were used for counterselection to enhance the specificity of ssDNA aptamers against L. pneumophila. Four ssDNA aptamers showed strong affinity and high selectivity for L. pneumophila, with Kd values in the nanomolar range. Bioinformatic analysis of the most specific aptamers revealed predicted conserved secondary structures that might bind to L. pneumophila cell walls. In addition, the binding of these four fluorescently labeled aptamers to the surface of L. pneumophila was observed directly by fluorescence microscopy. This is the first study to use SELEX to target L. pneumophila whole cells. The aptamers identified in this study could be used in the future to develop medical diagnostic tools and public environmental detection assays for L. pneumophila.
Modeling and Analysis of D–shaped Plasmonic Refractive Index and Temperature Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Tondro Amin Sayyad , sadeghi mojtaba , Kamaly Abbas , Adelpour Zahra , Emamghorashi A.
Published: January 2022

A plasmonic D–shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor for refractive index (RI) and temperature is designed and studied in this paper. The RI channel is made up of a silver thin layer deposited on the plane of the D–type structure, and the temperature sensing channel is formed by a silver nanowire and benzene filled in an elliptical hole in the PCF. The designed structure can be used for temperature and RI sensing via coupling between the core–guided modes and the surface plasmon modes around Ag nanowire and Ag thin layer. The coupling characteristic and sensing performance of the proposed dual–functional sensor is studied in the present work. Results show that the maximum sensitivity in terms of RI units (RIU) is 6.9 µm/RIU in the range of 1.33–1.38, and the maximum temperature sensitivity is 3 µm /°C in the range of 27°C–67°C.
Mitophagy Eliminates the Accumulation of SARM1 on the Mitochondria, Alleviating Programmed Axon Death in Acrylamide Neuropathy
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yong Hui , Zhang Cuiqin , Kang Kang , Song Mingxue , Yang Yiyu , Huang Zhengcheng , Wang Shu'e , Ge Haotong , Zhao Xiulan , Song Fuyong
Published: January 2022

Sterile-α and toll/interleukin 1 receptor motif containing protein 1 (SARM1) is the central executioner of programmed axon death (Wallerian degeneration). Although it has been confirmed to have a mitochondrial targeting sequence and can bind to and stabilize PINK1 on mitochondria, the biological significance for mitochondrial localization of SARM1 is still unclear. The relationship between mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and programmed axon death also needs to be clarified. Chronic acrylamide (ACR) intoxication cause typical pathology of axon degeneration involving early axon loss. Here, we demonstrated that the SARM1 dependent Wallerian axon self-destruction pathway was activated following ACR intoxication. Moreover, increased SARM1 was observed on the mitochondria, which interfered with the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. As a protective response to stress, mitochondrial components enriched in SARM1 were isolated from the mitochondrial network through an increased fission process and were degraded in an autophagy-dependent manner. Importantly, rapamycin (RAPA) administration eliminated mitochondrial accumulated SARM1 and inhibited axon loss. Thus, mitochondrial localization of SARM1 may be complement to the coordinated activity of NMNAT2 and SARM1, and may be part of the self-limiting molecular mechanisms of programmed axon death. In the early latent period, the mitochondrial localization of SARM1 will help it to be isolated by the mitochondrial network and to be degraded through mitophagy to maintain local axon homeostasis. When the mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are broken down, SARM1 will cause irreversible damage for axon death.
SPS-CTDI Dual-evaluation Model-oriented Nursing Undergraduate Gold Course Development and Implementation
Authors: Yan Wang , Nan Wang , Yingting Zhou , Yuanyuan Li
Published: January 2022

Objective: When applying the ”golden lesson” concept to pediatric nursing teaching, under the condition that the two evaluation models support each other, study the application effect of the new teaching concept in the teaching process.Method: Two classes of nursing major of 2018 were used as the golden lesson group and the tradition group. The tradition group used traditional teaching methods, and the golden lesson group used the ”golden class” concept combined with the ”Internet +” platform for teaching. After the course, compare the two groups of students’ problem-solving scores and their theoretical and practical scores.Results: The problem-solving ability of the students in the golden lesson group was better than the tradition group in terms of ”negative problem orientation”, ”avoidance style” and ”impulsive/negligence style” [(8.75±1.32VS12.59±4.7) points, (11.14±2.4) VS13.86±2.36) points, (8.59±2.55VS10.53±2.03)] (P<0.05).Conclusion: This teaching mode conforms to the professional development characteristics of nursing students, helps to improve students’ problem-solving ability and strengthens their thinking, but it also puts forward more requirements on teachers’ teaching and practical experience.
Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultivated in Serum Free Media
Authors: Lee Joo Youn , Kang Min Hee , Jang Ji Eun , Lee Jeong Eon , Yang Yuyeong , Choi Ji Yong , Kang Hong Seok , Lee Uiil , Choung Ji Woong , Jung Hyeryeon , Yoon Young-Chan , Jung Kyung Hee , Hong Soon–Sun , Yi Eugene C. , Park Sang Gyu
Published: January 2022

Stem cells are attractive candidates for the regeneration of tissue and organ. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for their potential applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy. For developing effective stem cell therapy, the mass production of consistent quality cells is required. The cell culture medium is the most critical aspect of the mass production of qualified stem cells. Classically, fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been used as a culture supplement for MSCs. Due to the undefined and heterologous composition of animal origin components in FBS, efforts to replace animal-derived components with non-animal-derived substances led to safe serum free media (SFM). Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) cultivated in SFM provided a more stable population doubling time (PDT) to later passage and more cells in a shorter time compared to FBS containing media. ADSCs cultivated in SFM had lower cellular senescence, lower immunogenicity, and higher genetic stability than ADSCs cultivated in FBS containing media. Differential expression analysis of mRNAs and proteins showed that the expression of genes related with apoptosis, immune response, and inflammatory response were significantly up-regulated in ADSCs cultivated in FBS containing media. ADSCs cultivated in SFM showed similar therapeutic efficacy in an acute pancreatitis mouse model to ADSCs cultivated in FBS containing media. Consideration of clinical trials, not only pre-clinical trial, suggests that cultivation of MSCs using SFM might offer more safe cell therapeutics as well as repeated administration due to low immunogenicity.
Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Religious and Spiritual Support in Sri Lankan Patients with Cancer
Authors: Weeratunga Eranthi , Senadheera Chandanie , Hettiarachchi Manjula , Perera Bilesha
Published: January 2022

Background: Religious and spiritual support (RSS) is considered a vital method of coping among patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Measuring religion and spiritual support received by cancer patients has very little evidence in Sri Lanka compared to the western countries. It would be affected on cancer care management and speedy recovery process of cancer patients; could be benefited to reduce long-term suffering of patients with cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure religion and spiritual support in patients with cancer. Methods: WHO guidelines were incorporated into the cross-cultural adaptation of the newly developed religious and spiritual support scale (RSSS). Internal consistency for the overall RSSS was investigated using Cronbach’s alpha. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the test-retest reliability of the RSSS for the same sample. Validity was checked using convergent and divergent validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to test factorial/construct validity.Results: The Sinhalese version of RSSS showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha-0.883). The scale revealed favourable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.981). The overall RSSS score correlated negatively and positively with depressive symptoms (r= - 0.338, p<0.05) and quality of life scores; overall (r=0.421, p<0.001), physical (r=0.340, p<0.05), psychological (r=0.279, p=0.08), social (r=0.373, p<0.05) and environmental quality of life (r=0.429, p<0.001) confirming satisfactory divergent and convergent validity of the Sinhalese version of the RSSS. Factor analysis with PCA extracted two factors explaining 74.47% of the variance.Conclusions: The Sinhalese version of RSSS is a reliable and valid scale to assess the religious and spiritual support of patients with cancer in Sri Lanka.