bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gendertemas in Topsy Smith se Trompie-boeke
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, De Wet Corene
Published: September 2022

Die doel van hierdie artikel is tweeledig: (1) om deur die lens van Connell (1995) se manlikheidsteorie gendertemas in Topsy Smith se Trompie-boeke uit te wys en te bespreek en (2) om te bespiegel oor die moontlikheid om die Trompie-boeke as vertrekpunt te gebruik om ’n bewustheid van genderongelykhede by kinders te kweek. Vier-en-twintig van die oorspronklike Trompie-boeke (1950–6), wat gedurende die jare 2013 tot 2020 in agt omnibusse versamel en heruitgegee is, dien as data vir hierdie studie. ’n Interpretatiewe kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is gevolg. Drie gendertemas is met behulp van kwalitatiewe inhoudsontleding geïdentifiseer: (1) Die idealisering van Afrikanerseuns en mans. Trompie is die versinnebeelding van die “ideale” Afrikanerseun. Hy is dapper, avontuurlustig en sportief, besit ’n oormaat selfvertroue en is ’n gebore leier. Daarteenoor word verfynde en gekultiveerde seuns negatief uitgebeeld. Mans word as Afrikanerelite voorgehou. (2) Vrouekarakters in die patriargale Afrikanergemeenskap word óf uitgebeeld as versorgers en huisvroue of individue vasgevang in kenmerkende vroueberoepe, soos ontvangsdames en onderwysers, óf bespot. Die meisies wat paaie met Trompie kruis, word as oppervlakkige, geldgierige en ydel randfigure gestereotipeer. (3) Die patriargale Afrikanerhuisgesin is ’n geïdealiseerde huisgesin. Die pa is die broodwinner en die ma ’n gelukkige versorger wie se lewe om haar man en kinders draai. Hierdie gendertemas word teen die agtergrond van plaaslike en internasionale studies oor gendertemas in jeuglektuur bespreek. Die gevaar bestaan dat negatiewe genderstereotipering in jeugboeke tot ’n lae selfbeeld en minderwaardigheidsgevoel onder meisies en oordrewe selfvertroue onder seuns kan lei. Kennis moet dus geneem word van internasionale navorsingsbevindinge dat kinders se blootstelling aan nieseksistiese boeke ’n verandering in vooropgestelde gendersienings te weeg kan bring. Dit is voorts belangrik dat ouers en onderwysers ’n bewustheid van en kritiese ingesteldheid teenoor genderstereotipering en hegemoniese manlikheid by kinders kweek. Die moontlikheid om deur die kritiese lees van jeugboeke ’n sinvolle, verrykende bydrae tot die graad 7‒9-Lewensoriënteringsonderrigplan vir Suid-Afrikaanse skole te maak, word kortliks aangedui.
Die rol van afwykende (minderheids)uitsprake in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsbestel met verwysing na minagting van die hof in sivielregtelike konteks
Authors:   Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Swanepoel Neels
Published: September 2022

Die artikel oorweeg die rol van afwykende minderheidsuitsprake in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsbestel. Dit vind plaas teen die agtergrond van die sogenaamde siviele minagtingsreël wat ingevolge mosie verkry word. Die regspraak in die Konstitusionele Hof tussen die Zondo Kommissie van Ondersoek teen die vorige staatspresident, Jacob Zuma, word as kontekstuele agtergrond gebruik. Daar word na al drie uitsprake verwys en kritiek word uitgespreek teen die bewoording en redevoering in die minderheidsuitsprake wat in die tweede en derde aansoeke gelewer is. Die oplegging van ’n suiwere strafsanksie (onopgeskorte gevangenisstraf) in teenstelling met ’n gebiedende sanksie (wat opgeskorte gevangenisstraf as moontlikheid insluit) word toegelig as die kernverskil in die uitsprake van die meerderheids- en minderheidsuitsprake na die tweede aansoek. Beide die minderheidsuitsprake na die tweede en derde aansoeke word gekritiseer: in die geval van die tweede aansoek, op grond van die woordkeuses en redevoering daarvan; en in die derde aansoek, op sterkte van die redevoering en miskenning van ’n interne Konstitusionele Hof-praktyksreël. Minderheids-/afwykende uitsprake word dikwels deur die howe gelewer en is dus nie noemenswaardig in Suid-Afrikaanse regspleging nie. Minderheidsuitsprake lewer dikwels ’n waardevolle bydrae tot ewewigtige regspleging. Die kritiese ontleding lei egter noodwendig tot ’n heroorweging van die plek en rol van minderheids-/afwykende) uitsprake in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsbestel. Daar word betoog dat ten spyte van die voordele van afwykende uitsprake, vier riglyne gevolg kan word deur veral regters in die Konstitusionele Hof, wat selfbeheersing, nederigheid, behoorlike beraadslaging tussen regters en navolging van die hof se eie presedente insluit. Wat die substantiewe en prosedurele aspekte van siviele minagting betref, bied die uitspraak in die tweede aansoek nou gevestigde gesag vir die voortgesette grondwetlike erkenning van die siviele minagtingsreël. Verder, dat dit voortaan gesag bied vir die oplegging van ’n suiwer strafsanksie in buitengewone gevalle van siviele minagting, mits dit aan streng regverdigheidsnorme teenoor die contemnor voldoen.
Misplaaste weldade en griewe van die “Liquorice Allsorts-gesinnetjie”: ’n Regsletterkundige verkenning van Zelda Bezuidenhout se Die waarde van stil bure
Authors:   Universiteit van Suid-Afrika, Slabbert Magda , Labuschaigne Melodie
Published: September 2022

Die reg-en-letterkunde-vakterrein, in Suid-Afrika nog in ’n ontwikkelende fase, is ’n interdissiplinêre studieveld wat onder andere gemoeid is met die vertolking van regsaspekte in fiksie. Lesers word in staat gestel om krities te besin oor die rol en funksie van die reg in ’n breër konteks, asook om komplekse maatskaplike en regskwessies soos wetteloosheid, diskriminasie en ongeregtigheid binne ’n bepaalde konteks te evalueer. Die sentrale tema in Zelda Bezuidenhout se 2021-roman Die waarde van stil bure is ongeoorloofde stamselnavorsing en ’n stamselbehandeling, wat die konteks stel en die leser uitdaag om self krities te besin oor die etiese, regs- en morele geldigheid van die betrokke karakters se optrede. Stamselnavorsing is ’n nuwe en onverkende onderwerp in die Afrikaanse letterkunde. Fiksie is by uitstek geskik om sosiale bewusmaking van dié onderwerp te bevorder, wat uiteindelik sosiale belangstelling en betrokkenheid by die regulering van nuwe biomediese tegnologie, soos stamselnavorsing en -terapie, genoomnavorsing en genoomkartering, kan motiveer. Aan die hand van die gebeure wat sentreer rondom drie dogters – ’n wit tweeling en hul swart huiswerker se dogter – verken die roman die wetlikheid en etiese regverdigbaarheid van ongeoorloofde stamselnavorsing en -oorplanting, en belig vlugtig ook die onderliggende sosiale milieu van apartheid wat oor die jare heen die dogters se gedrag gevorm het. Die jukstaposisie van apartheid as ’n misdaad teen die mensdom (gemagtig en geïnstitusionaliseer deur wetgewing en godsdiens) en die onwettigheid, dóg morele regverdigbaarheid, van die stamselnavorsing in die roman laat die leser met ’n kragtige boodskap dat dít wat reg en verkeerd is, nie altyd ooglopend ’n duidelike binêre keuse is nie. Net soos alles op die oppervlak goed en gelukkig gelyk het in die “Liquorice Allsorts-gesinnetjie”, was die realiteit die teenoorgestelde.
A Long Way to Dodoma: Deconstructing Colonial Legacy by Relocating the Capital City in Tanzania
Authors: Kirey Reginald E.
Published: September 2022

The decision taken by the Tanzanian government to relocate its capital from Dar es Salaam to Dodoma in 1973 and the subsequent attempts to implement it is an important event that has not been thoroughly discussed by historians. Most of the knowledge of this event is in the form of the reports prepared by town planning experts during the 1970s. This paper addresses this lacuna by reconstructing a comprehensive history of the event in question. It examines, among other issues, the extent to which the decision to move the capital to Dodoma after independence was justified by the concepts of socialism (Ujamaa), national identity and the colonial legacy. An attempt is made to piece together the disjointed accounts from the various sources of information on the decisions and measures that were taken to move the capital after independence. This paper, unlike other studies, traces the idea of relocating the capital to the colonial period. It makes intensive use of archival information gathered from London and Dar es Salaam, and also benefits from the vast amount of information collected from newspapers and parliamentary records.
TUTORING EDUCATION FRANCHISE STRATEGY IN INDONESIA: A SWOT ANALYSIS
Authors: Sinaga Benny R. P.
Published: September 2022

Tutoring is one of the basic needs for parents who want the best education for their children. In order to reach the entire territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in producing equitable quality education, it is necessary to conduct an internal and external environmental analysis (SWOT analysis). Based on a literature study, Tutoring must implement a SWOT analysis strategy annually from year to year. In winning the competition in the franchise system, Tutoring needs to increase investment in information technology, internalize values to make the organizational structure more efficient and flexible, and strengthen and improve the clauses of the franchise contract by strengthening the reward and punishment system.
Barriers to Reporting Hate Crime and Hate Incidents in Victoria: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Vergani Matteo , Navarro Carolina
Published: September 2022

This report provides important evidence for all stakeholders involved in tackling hate in Victoria, including policy makers, law enforcement agencies and community organisations, to better understand how to address community reporting barriers.
Development of Student Worksheets (LKPD) With the Treffinger Learning Model to Improve Understanding and Creativity Learning Mathematics in High School Students
Authors: Nadrah Rangkuti Ummi
Published: September 2022

This development research aims to produce a product in the form of Student Worksheets (LKPD) with the Treffinger learning model on the material of valid criteria quadrilaterals and triangles. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) development of the ADDIE model which includes five stages, namely analysis, design, product development or production, implementation, and evaluation. However, in the modification, this research only reached the implementation stage. The analysis stage is the stage of gathering information that can be used as material for making products consisting of curriculum analysis, concept analysis, and student analysis. The design stage is carried out by designing learning in the form of Student Worksheets and Learning Implementation Plans as well as data collection instruments in the form of validation sheets. In the development stage, instrument validation was carried out in the form of a questionnaire to the validator by media experts, material experts, and teachers. The results of this study produced Student Worksheets with the Treffinger learning model to improve students' understanding and creativity on valid quadrilateral and triangle material. Based on the results of the validator assessment questionnaire of the Student Worksheet, the value of the validation results by media experts is 80% in the valid category, material experts by 85% in the valid category, and the teacher by 82% in the valid category. As well as the Learning Implementation Plan obtained by 80% with a valid category. Finally, at the implementation stage, the results of the validation of student responses to the Student Worksheet with a percentage of 90% and fall into the very good category. The results of the final recapitulation of the assessment of students' conceptual understanding are 80% with high criteria. And the results of the analysis of students' creativity tests using n-gain is 0.64 in the medium category
The Influence of Guided Discovery Learning Model Assisted by GeoGebra Software on Understanding Mathematical Concepts in Flat Shape Materials for Private MTs Darul Muttaqin Kandangan
Authors: Pratiwi AS Tria Ayunda , Maryanti Indra
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of guided discovery learning assisted by GeoGebra software on the understanding of mathematical concepts in the flat material of the Darul Muttaqin Kandangan students' private MTs. The population in this study were all students of class VIII MTs Swasta Darul Muttaqin Kandangan with a total of 90 students. While the sample used in this study was class VIII3 students of private MTs Darul Muttaqin cage with a total of 30 students. This research uses quantitative research and one-group pretest-posttest research design. The data analysis technique used in this research is the normality test using the Lilliefors test and hypothesis testing using the t test. Processing of data to be tested using Microsoft Excel program. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of the guided discovery learning model assisted by GeoGebra software on the understanding of mathematical concepts in the flat wake material of the Darul Muttaqin Kandangan students' private MTs. This can be seen from the calculation of the hypothesis test using the t test with tcount > ttable, namely 5.32 > 1.701 at a significant level = 0.05. So, it can be said that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected.
Anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) Wild. flowers in alloxan-treated diabetic rats
Authors: Thilagam Ellappan , Chidambaram Kumarappan , Raviteja Chinthamreddy , Vahana Thalu , Vasudevan Parameshwaran
Published: September 2022

Context: Saraca asoca (Leguminosae) has been widely used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for various ailments, and it has been used to treat diabetes as a folk medicine. Aims: To investigate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of ethanolic extracts of S. asoca (EESA) flowers in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The anti-hyperglycemic activity of EESA was evaluated by using normal and alloxan-induced (120 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetic rats. In the sub-chronic animal model of diabetes mellitus, EESA was orally administered to normal and alloxan-induced-diabetic rats at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. per day for 28 days. Results: Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, lipid profiles, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and body weights were monitored at the end of 28 days in the EESA treated diabetic rats. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of EESA was more pronounced at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg in alloxan-treated diabetic rats as compared with vehicle-treated rats. EESA also showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum insulin levels and body weights, while there was a significant reduction in the levels of ALP, HbA1c, serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. EESA also showed a significant anti-hyperlipidemic effect, as evidenced by the increased HDL-c level of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions: The results of the current investigation indicate that EESA possesses a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect and anti-hyperlipidemic effect.
Prediction of the physical stability and quality of O/W cosmetic emulsions using full factorial design
Authors: Navarro-Pérez Yisel M. , Cedeño-Linares Elisa , Norman-Montenegro Osvaldo , Ruz-Sanjuan Vivian , Mondeja-Rivera Yunisley , Hernández-Monzón Ana M. , González-Bedia Mirtha M.
Published: September 2022

Context: Full factorial design is effective in predicting the properties optimization and processing conditions of cosmetic emulsions. However, in most factorial designs, the technological quality and accelerated stability tests of emulsions are not included together as dependent variables. Aims: To predict the technological quality and physical stability of model cosmetic emulsions from the combination of formulation and processing factors using a 23 full factorial design. Methods: A 23 full factorial design with 95 % of confidence was generated in order to evaluate the influence of critical factors during the manufacture of cosmetic emulsions on their quality and physical stability. Emulsifier, concentration of stearic acid (formulation factors) and type of cooling (processing factor) were the independent variables, whereas spreadability, bulk density and pH were dependent variables for technological quality and centrifugation, heating-cooling and freeze-thaw cycles were dependent variables for physical stability of the emulsions. All cosmetic emulsions were prepared with a low stirring speed of 100 rpm. Results: The formulation containing 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.05% w/w stearic acid and prepared with continuous cooling, did not show indicative changes of physical instability by visual inspection after accelerated physical stability tests. These results were confirmed with emulsions stored for 12 and 24 months using real storage conditions. However, formulations containing an emulsifier blend composition (Tween 80: Sodium lauryl sulfate, 2:1 w/w), showed signs of creaming after these tests. Conclusions: Sodium lauryl sulfate at 1 % w/w, increased the physical stability of the emulsions by increasing their consistency and by other possible mechanisms. Real storage conditions confirmed the stability prediction performed using the combination of accelerated stability tests (centrifugation/cooling-heating/freeze-thaw cycles), aided by the purposed full factorial design.
Pharmacist perceptions of patient care competency: A survey in Vietnam
Authors: Ha Vo T. , Hai Tang V. , Xuan Ngo M. , Huong Nguyen T.L.
Published: September 2022

Context: In order to perform effectively in professional practice, a pharmacist should demonstrate crucial competencies on delivery of patient care. Aims: To evaluate current pharmacists’ perceptions on their delivery of patient care competencies. Methods: The evaluation divided into 8 domains of competencies with 35 behavioral statements was distributed to hospital and community pharmacists. Respondents were asked to self-evaluate their competencies on a four-point Likert scale. Results: Of 207 responses returned, there were 106 hospital pharmacists and 89 community pharmacists. The mean score ranged from 2.2 to 3.5. Respondents perceived themselves as the most competent in “Drug Specific Issues” and “Provision of drug product” cluster (3.5 ± 0. 68, 3.3 ± 0.84, respectively), whereas the lowest performance was noted in “Patient Consultation” and “Evaluation of Outcomes” (2.8 ± 1.01 and 2.8 ± 0.88, respectively). Pharmacists demonstrated the best performance in the behavioral statements pertaining to the “Appropriate route is ensured” (3.6 ± 0.63). The two behaviors with the lowest performance were “Recording Consultations” (2.2 ± 1.02) and “Record of contributions” (2.7 ± 0.93). There were no statistically significant differences in the competence cluster scores in terms of types of pharmacists, sex, age, education level, years of experience (p>0.05). Conclusions: This research represents the first self-assessment of Vietnamese pharmacists in patient care practice. Areas for additional professional education which were determined include recording patient consultation, obtaining patient consent, prioritization of drug-related problems, referrals to doctors, and assessment of patient outcomes.
Effects of commonly used medicinal herbs in Jordan on erythrocyte oxidative stress markers
Authors: Bilto Yousif Y. , Alabdallat Nessrin G. , Atoom Ali M. , Khalaf Noaman A.
Published: September 2022

Context: Much attention has been given recently to the antioxidant capacity of natural products, with particular interest on those that are frequently consumed by people. Aims: To evaluate the commonly used and frequently consumed edible herbs in Jordan to compare their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant properties were tested by pre-incubating washed human erythrocytes with a given herb extract and then exposing these erythrocytes to H2O2 to induce oxidative stress, and then measuring erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC) as a marker for protein oxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) as a marker for cellular antioxidant status and the percentage of hemolysis as an indicator for the anti-hemolytic activity of the herb. The in vivo antioxidant properties were tested by giving orally aqueous extracts of the herbs tested in vitro to healthy individuals on daily bases for five days, with two blood samples being collected from each individual to measure the above-mentioned markers. Results: Pre-incubation of human erythrocytes in vitro with methanolic extracts of Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia triloba, Verbena triphylla, Nigella sativa and Origanum syriacum significantly improved erythrocyte MDA, PC and oxidant hemolysis. Oral consumption by healthy individuals of aqueous extracts of the same herbs for 5 days significantly improved erythrocyte MDA, GSH, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the sixth day of administration. Conclusions: These results indicate that aqueous extracts of medicinal herbs can be absorbed well and appear in body tissues inflecting in vivo antioxidant properties similar to their in vitro properties.
The toxicogenic effect of Terminalia phanerophlebia Engl. & Diels leaf extract on oxidative stress parameters in an in vitro Hek293 model
Authors: Nyahada Marcilyn R. , Amoako Daniel G. , Somboro Anou M. , Arhin Isaiah , Khumalo Hezekiel M. , Khan Rene B.
Published: September 2022

Context: Medicinal plants are a highly sought-after alternative to current pharmaceutical drugs because they can be locally cultivated, inexpensive and possess minimal adverse effects. Given that Terminalia phanerophlebia (TP) possesses many useful properties and plays a role in modulating lethal diseases, the cytotoxic effect should be evaluated before its application for therapeutic use. Aims: To investigate the oxidative effect and molecular mechanisms of TP on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Methods: 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays were used to determine the cell viability whilst the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay was used to detect lipid peroxidation. Endogenous antioxidants, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, heat shock protein 70 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), were used as oxidative stress markers and were detected via western blotting. Results: A decrease in cell viability with an IC50 of 1.36 mg/mL and ATP were noted. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (p<0.005). Superoxide dismutase, Nrf2 and heat shock protein concentrations were increased. However, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were depleted. Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that Terminalia phanerophlebia extract is toxicogenic and induced oxidative stress in HEK293 cells.
Validating and developing TLC-based fingerprinting for Curcuma longa L.
Authors: Kartini Kartini , Andriani Yunita A. , Priambodo Widho , Jayani Nikmatul I.E. , Hadiyat Mochammad A.
Published: September 2022

Context: Curcuma longa (turmeric) is extensively cultivated as spices and herbal medicines in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Geographical origin is known to significantly determine the quality of the herbs used and, consequently, the safety and efficacy of their products. Aims: To validate and develop TLC-fingerprint combined with chemometrics to differentiate C. longa collected from various origins. Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed together with chemometric methods, i.e., Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA), to evaluate the quality of C. longa rhizomes collected from nine origins in Indonesia. Results: Chloroform, dichloromethane, and ethanol (64:64:1) were a suitable mobile phase for C. longa. The method used met the requirements for a stable and precise TLC system. As analyzed by the chemometric techniques, the TLC-fingerprints could discriminate C. longa from various origins. The PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PCs) and CA clearly distinguished two clusters of simples. Conclusions: When combined with PCA and CA, TLC-fingerprinting can discern the rhizomes of C. longa sourcedfrom various locations. TLC-fingerprints that are analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative marker-oriented method for evaluating the quality of C. longa.
Antibacterial, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of crude extract from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolate OQ-Fus-2-F from Euphorbia sp. plant
Authors: Al-Qaralleh Omar S. , Al-Zereini Wael A. , Al-Mustafa Ahmed H.
Published: September 2022

Context: Human life is contested with the emergence of new infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant pathogens, cellular deterioration due to oxidative stress, and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of crude extract from the endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. isolate OQ-Fus-2-F as a basis for medical application. Methods: Fusarium sp. isolate OQ-Fus-2-F was isolated from the stem of Euphorbia sp. plant. It was identified morphologically and based on 18S rRNA gene partial sequence. The isolated was cultivated in a malt extract glucose medium. Cell filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the crude extract was dried in vacuum. The crude extract was assessed for its antimicrobial activity through agar diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays; antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH and ABTS methods, and the anticholinergic activity was evaluated in terms of inhibition in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Results: Crude extract of Fusarium sp. isolate OQ-Fus-2-F was more potent in inhibiting the growth of B. subtilis with a MIC value of 125 µg/mL. Its antioxidant activity was highly detected in ABTS than DPPH assay with IC50 values 37.5 ± 3.5 µg/mL and 191.3 ± 17.6 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the extract inhibited the AChE activity with IC50 177.0 ± 13.7 µg/mL. Conclusions: Crude extract of Fusarium sp. isolate OQ-Fus-2-F has potential biomedical applications as it contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activates.
Natural products repurposing of the H5N1-based lead compounds for the most fit inhibitors against 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Parikesit Arli Aditya , Nurdiansyah Rizky
Published: September 2022

Context: COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 2.7 million mortality worldwide. Although the COVID-19 vaccine has been developed, the amount is still limited, and very few countries have reached ‘herd immunity’ level. In this regard, imported and community infections is still happening in the world. In order to complement the vaccine rollout, the drug is still necessary. Up to now, all the COVID-19 drugs in the market are still in emergency use, and their clinical application is still under tight surveillance. Thus, a breakthrough in drug development is necessary. Based on an extensive protein crystallography experiment, it is known that the 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in the pathogenicity of the virus. Several inhibitors have been developed for this protein, including remdesivir that served as the standard in this experiment. However, recent findings in the wet lab also showed possible significant bioactivities for the repurposed influenza, and human rhinovirus leads for SARS-CoV-2. Previous research has developed flavonoid-based leads as H5N1 virus inhibitors. Aims: To develop lead compounds to inhibit 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 from the existing H5N1 leads. Methods: The ligands and protein were prepared with energy minimization and the “add protonation” procedure. Then, the QSAR analysis was conducted to determine whether the ligands fit as leads for the 3C-like protease SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. Molecular docking simulation was deployed for the selected ligand toward the 3C-like protease enzyme. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation was devised to examine the protein flexibility of the protease ligands. Results: It was found that only 9 out of the 19 repurposed H5N1-leads elicited significant QSAR-based properties for general antivirus, influenza antivirus, and antihuman rhinovirus bioactivities. In this regard, the leads were screened further with molecular docking, in silico ADME-TOX prediction, and molecular dynamics methods. Based on the further screen, the ligands of M00009235 and M00006834 were selected as lead compounds for 3C-like protease SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Conclusions: The ligands of M00009235 and M00006834 were selected as the best leads for inhibiting 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 based on the virtual screening methods.
Phenolic fraction concentrate of Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds: A promising antioxidant and glucose regulator
Authors: Bikri Samir , Aboussaleh Youssef , Abuelezz Nermeen , Benmhammed Hajar , Berrani Assia , Louragli Ismail , Ahami Ahmed Omar Touhami
Published: September 2022

Context: The beneficial effects of natural polyphenolic compounds are increasingly emerging as powerful antioxidants and digestive boosters. Phoenix dactylifera seeds are recently identified as a healthy functional food with rich amounts of phenolic compounds. Aims: To analyzing the phenolic profile obtained from Moroccan variety of date seeds and evaluating the inhibitory capacity against digestive enzymes and the antioxidant potential of phenolic fraction concentrate (PFC) of date seeds as a promising antihyperglycemic agent. Methods: Lineweaver–Burk plot analysis was performed to evaluate PFC inhibitory effect against digestive enzyme activity in the presence of different doses of a substrate. Wistar rats were recruited to determine the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of PFC. Finally, the optimal dose of PFC was selected and its effects on metabolic, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined. Results: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that PFC contains abundant amounts of phenolic acid: Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. PFC showed powerful antioxidant activity as determined by scavenging and reducing assays. PFC significantly inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by 87.3% and 78.7%, respectively, via mixed manipulation of Km and Vmax. Acute toxicity examinations revealed PFC to be practically non-toxic with LD50 > 5000mg PFC/kg for both sexes of rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) for oral administration of PFC were 1000 and 2500 mg/kg for both sexes. Finally, the sub-acute study showed that a PFC dose of 50 mg/kg did not cause any changes in metabolic, biochemical and hematological parameters and was considered to be the optimal healthy dose for rats. Consequently, it induces improvement in glucose concentration in rats. Conclusions: The rational use of phenolic date seeds fraction presents powerful antioxidant and blood glucose regulating nutraceutical that could aid in diabetes mellitus management.
Gender and COVID-19 Vaccine Policy Development
Authors:   Global Health 50/50,   African Population and Health Research Center,   International Center for Research on Women,   Spark Street Advisors
Published: September 2022

Interviews with 17 COVID-19 vaccination experts reveal recommendations for integrating gender in the development of COVID-19 vaccine policies including sex-disaggregated data as evidence and a monitoring tool. Despite the widely known gendered impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine policies set in the first 18 months of the pandemic ignored gender norms, roles, and relations as drivers of health outcomes. Experts identified a number of areas for improvement including using funding to incentivise the inclusion of gender, using measurable gender goals and actionable items, and more inclusive policy-making bridging public health and gender experts. The brief provides recommendations for some of the obstacles to including gender in COVID-19 vaccine policies. These obstacles include a lack of sex-disaggregated data, a lack of representation from gender experts in policy development leadership, and the fact that existing decision-making mechanisms did not require a gender focus.
Management Development Post Strategic Partnership Jordan Telecom Group as a Case Study
Authors: Khalaf Alateyyat Salem
Published: September 2022

This research aims at identifying the level of management development practices in the company 10 years after the successful partnership with the strategic partner. The research employed an instrument to measure management development dimensions in the company (skills, Organizational Learning, Relationships and Participation, Leadership and Supervision, and Management Development obstacles). The survey was distributed to the study sample (150) supervisors and managers, but only (124) valid questionnaires were analyzed. The study concluded that the company has a moderate level of management development ranging from about 71% for Skills, and leadership and supervision dimensions, to about 73% for Organizational Learning, and relationships and participation dimensions. In addition, the perceived management development obstacles according to obstacles dimensions scored at 71.6% with a moderate level as well. The study results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of managers and supervisors towards management development dimensions due to demographic and organizational variables, with the exception of the variable of scientific specialization. The study found that there are differences in the attitudes of managers towards the relationships and participation dimension due to the scientific specialization variable, and the administrative sciences specializations got the largest average of the direction of managers towards relationships and participation. The study recommended the need to pay more attention to management development practices by concerned people, by adopting the latest development methods, managing and retaining local talents and competencies by providing necessary support and compensation schemes. The research also made suggestions regarding some future studies.
Impact of SMEs on Economic Development: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Alaghbari Mohammed
Published: September 2022

SMEs are considered the driving force of the country’s economic growth via the entrepreneurship process. SMEs also impact economic development based on various aspects such as competitive market orientation, employment generation, capacity building and technology innovation. Therefore, using a systematic review approach, the current study will investigate the SME’s impact on developing economies. The systematic review will adopt database searches based on keywords, authorship, citations, titles, journal lists, and topmost enterprises in the context of Bahrain. The review will be analyzed using various database tools such as EDS, Scopus and Web of Science to collect sample of n=8 peer reviewed journals published between 2018 to 2022. The findings shows that SME’s plays an essential role in economic development through capacity development, technological innovation, employment creation and competitive orientation.
Medio Ambiente, Ciencias y Sociedad
Authors: Bedoya Vásquez Rosa Mercedes , Caicedo Hinojosa Luis Antonio , Díaz Barzola Alex Enrique , Pino Icaza Galo Wilfrido
Published: September 2022

En el campo de las ciencias sociales se ha posicionado la noción de complejidad. Aceptamos que lo que conocemos como realidad son sistemas complejos y adaptativos, interconectados, en los que intervienen de manera simultánea enorme cantidad de factores y variables cuyas propiedades están en constante transformación, mientras emergen de los intercambios sociales nuevas propiedades. Esas son las visiones adecuadas para la reflexión y explicación de los fenómenos eco sistémicos, más aún cuando a estas alturas del siglo XXI los cuestionamientos a las concepciones duales hombre/naturaleza, cultura/medio han venido ganando creciente legitimidad. En ese mismo contexto se disputa la primacía de la biología y de las otras disciplinas científicas y técnicas para el estudio y explicación de los referidos fenómenos.
PERAN PEMERINTAH MELALUI PROGRAM PELATIHAN DAN JOB FAIR DALAM MENGURANGI JUMLAH PENGANGGURAN MENURUT PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM (STUDI PADA DINAS KETENAGAKERJAAN KABUPATEN ASAHAN)
Authors: Suci Ramadhani Siregar  , Zuhrinal M. Nawawi  , Mawaddah Irham
Published: September 2022

The role of the government through training activities and job fairs to reduce unemployment in Asahan Regency is seen from 3 indicators from the vision of the Asahan Regency Manpower Office, namely creating a competitive, productive, and prosperous workforce. This study aims to determine how the government's role in training programs and job fairs and the results of the analysis of the government's role in training and job fairs to reduce the number of unemployed according to the perspective of Islamic economics. The research methodology used is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques using interviews and documentation. The results of this study can be concluded that the government's role in reducing unemployment through training programs and job fairs is seen from the 3 indicators from the vision of the Asahan District Manpower Office that has played an optimal role and the results of the analysis of the government's role in training and job fairs to reduce the number of unemployed workers have not been able to reduce unemployment. The number of unemployment rates in Asahan Regency is still increasing every year, when viewed from the basic values ​​of Islamic Economics, the government's role in conducting training programs and job fairs to reduce the unemployment rate is fair and responsible, but the social security provided by the government can be said to be lacking effective because there are still many people who have not got a job after participating in the job fair.
KONSEP PENGELOLAAN HOTEL ZAM-ZAM SYARIAH DITINJAU DARI FATWA MUI NOMOR 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 (STUDI KASUS HOTEL ZAM-ZAM SYARIAH PURBA BARU KEC. LEMBAH SORIK MARAPI)
Authors: Muhlisah Lubis  , Yusuf Asroi
Published: September 2022

Commercially, and fulfills the requirements set by the government. One of the components of the sharia tourism industry in the Mandailing Natal district is the Zam-Zam Syariah Hotel. Hotels that are in accordance with sharia principles are hotels which, in providing lodging, eating and drinking services and other services for the public, are managed and do not conflict with sharia principles. In fact, not all of these efforts have implemented sharia principles as a whole in accordance with the Fatwa of the DSN MUI No. 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Tourism Based on Sharia Principles. The type of research used is field research (Field Research) with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Inductive analysis technique is to draw things that are specific to things that are general. The results of the study state that, First, the prohibition of checking in for non-Muslims by implementing a screening process for hotel guests, Hotel Zam-Zam Syariah provides adequate facilities, equipment, and facilities in the implementation of worship, Hotel Zam-Zam Syariah does not provide entertainment facilities that leads to disobedience such as cafes, karoeke, swimming pools, and therapeutic facilities and only provides entertainment facilities for children. Hotel Zam-Zam Syariah has implemented and used the Ijarah contract with hotel guests. Second, the Sharia Zam Zam Hotel has not complied with the guidelines for establishing sharia tourism as stated in the Fatwa of the DSN MUI No. 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Tourism Based on Sharia Principles because it has not met the criteria set by the Indonesian Ulema Council.
Screening, Characterization, and Isolation of Pigments from Bacteria in Mesophotic Depths of the Benham Bank Seamount, Philippine Rise Region
Authors: Batbatan Christopher , Rosana Albert Remus , Fernandez Kleinberg , Rojas Saul , Nacorda Hildie Maria , Raymundo Asuncion , Lantican Nacita
Published: September 2022

The exploration for pigment-producing bacteria and structurally novel pigment continues to increase, and the marine environment has recently become an attractive research site for these investigations because of its rich yet untapped biodiversity. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) profiling of the microbial pigments produced by marine heterotrophic bacteria were described. Seven phenotypically distinct isolates of marine pigmented heterotrophic bacteria (MPHB) were isolated from near-bottom waters and coral reef sediments at mesophotic depths of the Benham Bank Seamount – namely, isolates BR14, BR61, BR63, BR100, BR101, BR144, and BR146. Four promising isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and revealed that strains BR61 and BR100 were related to members of the genus Cytobacillus, whereas isolates BR144 and BR146 clustered with Meridianimaribacter flavus and Pseudoalteromonas rubra, respectively. Growth of the seven isolates on three media – natural sea water (NSW) Reasoner’s 2A (R2A), marine agar (MA), and tryptic soy agar – revealed variable pigment production and growth yield. MA appeared to be a superior substrate, resulting in darker pigmentation and higher biomass yield. Through a liquid-liquid partitioning approach, isolates BR14 and BR100 produced pigments that were acetone-soluble, whereas isolates BR101, BR144, and BR146 are hexane soluble. Moreover, the BR146 red pigment was proposed to be a mixture of putative prodiginine analogs. The putative prodiginines produced by isolate BR146 can stain fabrics, supporting a proof-of-concept that marine bacteria can be utilized as fabric colorants. The data presented here provided new insights into the utilization of local Philippine marine microbial resources for natural marine pigments with industrial applications.
Numerical Validation of the Hydrodynamic Drag of a Surfaced and Fully Appended Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Courdier Mathieu , Leong Zhi , Duffy Jonathan , Binns Jonathan , Conway Alexander
Published: September 2022

Underwater Vehicles (UV) are required to travel on the surface for periods of time to complete mission requirements. However, knowledge on the drag of a surfaced UV is scarce in the public domain and the knowledge on the behaviour of surface craft is generally not applicable due to substantial differences in hull form. This paper presents a numerical study on the drag coefficient of a surfaced and fully appended BB2 UV in calm water. The results were firstly validated with the available experimental drag data for a range of speeds. Secondly, the free surface elevation along the length of the UV photographed during physical model scale experiments is compared to the free surface elevation predicted by CFD. This research has shown that a multiphase CFD model can accurately predict the drag due to the forward motion of a surfaced UV in calm water.
Mental Workload (MWL) Measurement of Officers in Simulated Ship Navigation; Determining the Redlines of Performance
Authors: Özsever Barış , Tavacıoğlu Leyla
Published: September 2022

The main aim of this study is to measure the MWL of the operators according to the increasing workload during simulated ship navigation and it is aimed to contribute to the clarification of upper redline of task demands. Eye responses and performance results of 12 participants were recorded during the measurements carried out in bridge simulator. In addition, NASA-TLX was used for 12 participants at the end of each step of the scenarios. The results showed that MWL of the participants increased as the task load increased and their performance decreased. It has been observed that the developed ANN model can predict the MWL based on eye response indices (accuracy: 79.2%). The results of this study also showed that the task demand, whose upper red line became apparent, drew a set of projections and possibilities in which navigation conditions could not be performed by a single operator.
Kann man Aristoteles’ Philosophie der Wahrnehmung noch für wahr nehmen?
Authors: Hahmann Andree
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The majority of current interpreters of Aristotle’s theory of perception assume that perception must be understood as a passive process. This assumption is mainly justified by systematic considerations. Particularly influential for the ongoing debate on the proper understanding of Aristotle’s theory is the work of Myles Burnyeat, whose interpretation amounts to a devastating critique of the Aristotelian philosophy of perception. This paper wants to shed some light on the kind of activity that is involved in perception. It will be shown that by considering the special kind of activity with which Aristotle identifies perception many of the problems that are seen by Burnyeat and others can be circumvented and a coherent interpretation can be provided, which, in turn, must be considered to be essential in order to judge the systematic relevance of Aristotle’s theory of perception.
Kants metaphysische Deduktion der Ideen in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant discusses the ideas in the context of the conception of reason in terms of formal logic according to which it is the faculty of inferring mediately. By this, the impression widespread in secondary literature arises that the pure concepts of reason according to Kant have a syllogistic sense, i. e. are either based on syllogisms or stand otherwise in relation with them. This paper argues instead: that Kant derives the ideas – similar to the pure concepts of understanding – by means of a metaphysical deduction from the functions of all thinking in the so-called table of judgements; that accordingly – as the categories – they demand a consequent judgement-theoretical explanation; yet, that here the thinking functions that fall under the title of relation find a different employment; and that therefore the judgements which result from this possess the status of final principles for human experience wherein the conception of reason in terms of transcendental logic consists.
Theodizee als Anthropodizee. Zum transzendentalen Theodizeebegriff bei Kant
Authors: Sargentis Konstantinos
Published: September 2022

Abstract. For the sake of completeness, Kant’s teleological thinking should cover not only what is purposive, but also what is contrapurposive. Kant fulfils this systematic requirement by means of the concept of theodicy, which is typical of his general critical parting from traditional Metaphysics. Within the transcendental framework of the teleological reflection upon world and nature, theodicy could no longer proceed theoretically and speculatively, but had to gain a new foundation on practical grounds. And insofar as, within this framework, the standpoint of God is made dependent on the human cognitive faculties, theodicy could no longer count as a theo-, but should instead become an anthropodicy. To show this, I rely on the conceptual pair “doctrinal – authentic” and I argue that the former is not a description of traditional theodicies (as is held in the relevant literature), but plays a constitutive role in Kant’s own account of theodicy.
An alternative model for understanding Anaxagoras’ mixture
Authors: Castrillejo David Torrijos
Published: September 2022

Abstract. For Anaxagoras, both before the beginning of the world and in the present, “all is together” and “everything is in everything.” Various modern interpretations abound regarding the identity of this “mixture.” It has been explained as an aggregation of particles or as a continuous “fusion” of different sorts of ingredients. However—even though they are not usually recognized as a distinct group—there are a number of other scholars who, without seemingly knowing each other, have offered a different interpretation: Anaxagoras’ mixture as an “interpenetration” of different ingredients, which are as far-extended as the whole mixture is. As a result, there are different entities occupying the same place at the same time. This explanation assigns to Anaxagoras the same model of mixture which was later used by the Stoics. A new book by Marmodoro helps us to clarify this position.