bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lake temperature and morphometry shape the thermal composition of recreational fishing catch
Authors: Wszola Lyndsie , Sievert Nicholas A. , Lynch Abigail J. , Embke Holly S. , Kaz Anna L. , Robertson Matthew D. , Midway Stephen R. , Paukert Craig P.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Managing freshwater fisheries in warming lakes is challenging because climate change impacts anglers, fish, and their interactions.

Methods

We integrated recent models of current and future lake temperatures with recreational fisheries catch data from 587 lakes in three north-central U.S. states (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) to evaluate how the thermal composition of recreational fisheries catch varied as a function of temperature, ice coverage, and lake morphometry.

Result

We found that warmwater catch share (WCS), defined as the proportion of fish in recreational angling catch that belonged to the warmwater thermal guild (final temperature preferendum [FTP] > 25°C), increased with average annual lake surface temperature and decreased with survey ice coverage. However, we also found that WCS decreased with increased lake area and depth. Using mid-century (2040–2060) water temperature and ice projections while holding all other variables constant, we predicted that WCS will likely increase as the climate warms but that significant thermal heterogeneity will persist.

Conclusion

Lakes that are large (>100 ha) and deep (>10 m) and those with cooler (<3700 annual growing degree-days) predicted future temperatures will likely hold thermal refugia for coolwater (FTP = 19–25°C) and coldwater (FTP < 19°C) fish even as average lake temperatures rise, creating the potential for management actions to resist the shift from coolwater to warmwater fisheries. Managers of smaller and more rapidly warming lakes may want to consider strategies that accept or direct emerging warmwater fishing opportunities. We suggest that the most viable path to climate adaptation in landscapes of diverse lakes may be to resist warmwater shifts where possible and to accept or direct the rise of warmwater fishing opportunities where necessary.
Hot issues on Chinese expert consensus of prostate cancer management
Authors: Han Sujun , Sheng Xinan , Qin Xiaojian , Wu Peng , Yang Zhonghua , Zeng Hao , Liu Hao , Wang Baojun , Zhou Zhien , Song Gang , Ye Dingwei , Qin Weijun , Wang Xinghuan , Wei Qiang , Huang Jian , Lin Tianxin , Zhang Xu , Ji Zhigang , Xing Nianzeng
Published: October 2024

Prostate cancer is one of the most common solid tumors in men, and its incidence continues to rise in China. Several guidelines have been developed and published to facilitate the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. However, there are still many challenges and issues in clinical practice that lack high‐level evidence. A panel of recognized domestic experts including urologists, medical oncologists, and radiologists was organized and invited to discuss and vote on the key issues of lacking high‐level evidence and unified guideline recommendations questions. Following careful selection and voting processes, 19 questions were identified, leading to the establishment of a consensus based on collective agreement regarding these hot issues. The aim of this consensus is to provide a reference for managing the whole patient journey of prostate cancer for Chinese clinicians.
Optimal results through enhanced recovery: Achieving textbook outcomes with high compliance in elective liver surgery
Authors: Gosse Juliette , Mariani Pascale , Cotte Eddy , Passot Guillaume , Germain Adeline , Detry Olivier , Kaba Abdourahamane , Dupre Aurélien , Bouhadiba Toufik , Ayav Ahmet , Thierry Gabriel , Combari.‐Ancellin Prisca , Atallah Aziz , Sommacale Daniele , Amaddeo Giuliana , Slim Karem , Brustia Raffaele
Published: October 2024

Background

Existing studies suggest a positive correlation between high compliance with enhanced recovery programs (ERP) and improved outcomes. While individual outcome measures have advantages, composite benchmarks, such as textbook outcome (TO), offer a more comprehensive assessment of healthcare performance. Given the link between ERP and postoperative outcomes, this study aims to investigate the impact of ERP on TO attainment after liver surgery (LS).

Methods

A prospective multicenter cohort of patients undergoing LS and exposed to ERP from 2016 to 2022 in France was analyzed. The primary outcome was to compare the rates of TO achieved between patients with high ERP compliance (>70%) and those with low ERP compliance (<70%) after LS.

Results

A total of 706 patients were included in the study, and 217 (30.7%) achieved TO: 170 patients with high ERP compliance (24%) versus 47 patients (6.6%) with low ERP compliance attained TO (p < 0.001). High ERP compliance was associated to an increased likelihood of achieving TO [odds ratio (OR) = 1.49 (95% CI: 1.01, 2.24); p = 0.049], while cholangiocarcinoma [OR = 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.39); p = 0.003], high complexity LS [OR = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.36); p < 0.001], intraoperative hypotension requiring vasopressors [OR = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.68); p = 0.010], and post‐operative ileus [OR = 0.08 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.37); p = 0.013] were negatively associated to the likelihood of achieving TO.

Conclusions

Patients with high ERP compliance after LS experience elevated rates of TO, compared to those with low ERP compliance.
Ranavirus Taxonomy and Phylogeny
Authors: Waltzek Thomas B. , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Jancovich James K.
Published: October 2024

The phylum Nucleocytoviricota, known informally as the Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV), is a monophyletic assemblage of viruses that infect eukaryotes, ranging from single-celled organisms to humans, worldwide. The NCLDV phylum encompasses two classes (Megaviricetes, Pokkesviricetes), five orders (Pimascovirales, Imitervirales, Algavirales, Asfuvirales, Chitovirales), and 11 families, including the family Iridoviridae (https://ictv.global/). Members of the NCLDV group have some of the largest known viral genomes. For example, members of the family Mimiviridae have genomes that are ~1.2 million base pairs (bp) in size and encode more than 1000 viral genes (Raoult et al. 2004). Members of the phylum replicate within the cytoplasm of infected cells, although some members (e.g., family Iridoviridae) also include a nuclear stage during their replication cycle. As a result, NCLDV members encode many of the genes necessary for replication within the cytoplasm but still rely completely on the host translational machinery along with a number of other host encoded proteins. Comparative analysis of NCLDV genomes reveals a core set of five viral genes that are conserved among the NCLDV (Colson et al. 2013), supporting the hypothesis that this large assemblage of viruses originated from a common ancestor. Although the best-characterized family within the NCLDV is the Poxviridae, which includes a major human pathogen (smallpox virus), our understanding of the molecular biology, ecology, and infection dynamics of other families within the NCLDV, particularly members of the family Iridoviridae, has increased significantly in recent decades.
Immune Defenses Against Ranavirus Infections
Authors: Grayfer Leon , Edholm Eva-Stina , Chinchar V. Gregory , Sang Yongming , Robert Jacques
Published: October 2024

Ranaviruses (RV, family Iridoviridae) infect fish, amphibians, and reptiles, raising considerable ecological and commercial concerns due to the escalating infection prevalence and the resulting die-offs of wild and aquacultural species. Notably, ranaviruses exhibit uncanny capacities to cross host species barriers, likely owing to their potent immune evasion mechanisms. In turn, the species infected by these pathogens possess immune systems that are less well understood than those of mammals and often encode unique antiviral genes or multiple orthologs of single hallmark mammalian immune factors. Thus, garnering insight into ranavirus infection strategies is largely contingent on gaining greater understanding of host immune barriers faced by these emerging infectious agents. Accordingly, here we coalesce and update the current state of understanding of the distinct facets of ectothermic vertebrate immune responses to ranaviral infections and underline the most current perspectives of the evasion strategies by which these pathogens circumvent host defenses.
Transient dynamics of quasinormal mode sums
Authors: Carballo Javier , Withers Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Quasinormal modes of spacetimes with event horizons are typically governed by a non-normal operator. This gives rise to spectral instabilities, a topic of recent interest in the black hole pseudospectrum programme. In this work we show that non-normality leads to the existence of arbitrarily long-lived sums of short-lived quasinormal modes, corresponding to localising packets of energy near the future horizon. There exist sums of M quasinormal modes whose lifetimes scale as log M. This transient behaviour results from large cancellations between non-orthogonal quasinormal modes. We provide simple closed-form examples for a massive scalar field in the static patch of dSd+1 and the BTZ black hole. We also provide numerical examples for scalar perturbations of Schwarzschild-AdSd+1, and gravitational perturbations of Schwarzschild in asymptotically flat spacetime, using hyperboloidal foliations. The existence of these perturbations is linked to certain properties of black hole pseudospectra. We comment on implications for thermalisation times in holographic plasmas.
A comprehensive review of natural compounds and their structure–activity relationship in Parkinson’s disease: exploring potential mechanisms
Authors: Merghany Rana M. , El-Sawi Salma A. , Naser Asmaa F. Aboul , Ezzat Shahira M. , Moustafa Sherifa F. A. , Meselhy Meselhy R.
Published: October 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells in the Substantia nigra region of the brain. Complementary and alternative medicine approaches have been utilized as adjuncts to conventional therapies for managing the symptoms and progression of PD. Natural compounds have gained attention for their potential neuroprotective effects and ability to target various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PD. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the molecular targets and mechanisms of natural compounds in various experimental models of PD. This review will also explore the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of these compounds and assess the clinical studies investigating the impact of these natural compounds on individuals with PD. The insights shared in this review have the potential to pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies and interventions for PD.
Response of Alternaria and Fusarium Species to Low Precipitation in a Drought-Tolerant Plant in Morocco
Authors: Legeay Jean , Basiru Sulaimon , Ziami Abdelhadi , Errafii Khaoula , Hijri Mohamed
Published: October 2024

The plant mycobiome plays a crucial role in the host life cycle, influencing both healthy and diseased states, and is essential for plant tolerance to drought. In this study, we used ITS metabarcoding to investigate the fungal community of the drought-resistant plant Malva sylvestris L. in Morocco along a gradient of precipitation, encompassing subhumid and semi-arid environments. We sampled three biotopes: rhizosphere, bulk soil, and root endosphere. Our findings revealed an absence of beta-diversity differences between bulk soil and rhizosphere, indicating that the plant does not selectively influence its rhizosphere mycobiome. Additionally, ASVs belonging to the genus Alternaria represented up to 30% of reads in the plant’s roots and correlated with drought (p = 0.006), indicating a potential role for this fungal genus in mitigating drought, possibly as part of the dark septate endophyte group. Root staining and microscopic observation revealed extensive colonization by fungal hyphae and microsclerotia-like structures. Furthermore, ASVs identified as Fusarium equiseti were also correlated with low precipitation and recognized as a hub taxon in the roots. However, it remains uncertain whether this species is pathogenic or beneficial to the plant. These insights contribute to our understanding of the plant mycobiome’s role in drought tolerance and highlight the importance of specific fungal taxa in supporting plant health under varying environmental conditions. Future research should focus on characterizing these taxa’s functional roles and their interactions with the host plant to further elucidate their contributions to drought resistance.
Coral carbonate production across depth: homogenisation after bleaching?
Authors: Sannassy Pilly Sivajyodee , Roche Ronan C. , Lange Ines D. , Perry Chris T. , Mogg Andrew O. M. , Dawson Kathryn , Turner John R.
Published: October 2024

Recurrent climate-driven warming events, which can induce severe coral bleaching and mortality on tropical reefs, are predicted to cause homogenisation of coral communities and loss of ecosystem functions in shallow reef systems (< 30 m). However, data documenting the variation in coral carbonate production across depth are limited. Here we explore differences in coral cover, community composition, coral colony size structure and carbonate production rates between two depths (10 m and 17.5 m) across four atolls in the remote Chagos Archipelago. We show higher coral carbonate production rates at 10 m (4.82 ± 0.27 G, where G = kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) compared to sites at 17.5 m (3.1 ± 0.18 G). The main carbonate producers at 10 m consisted of fast-growing branching and tabular corals (mainly Acroporids) and massive corals (mainly Porites), with high abundances of medium- and large-sized colonies. In contrast, coral carbonate production at 17.5 m was driven by slow-growing encrusting and foliose morphotypes and small colony sizes. Utilising a dataset following 6–7 years of recovery after the 2015–2017 bleaching event, our results show that depth-homogenisation of coral communities was temporary and carbonate production rates at 10 m depth recovered quicker at 3 of 4 studied atolls. The exception is Great Chagos Bank where slower recovery of branching and tabular corals at 10 m has led to a longer-lasting depth-homogenisation of carbonate production rates. The latter example cautions that more frequent bleaching events may drive increasing homogenisation of carbonate production rates across depth gradients, with implications for vital reef geo-ecological functions.
The labour share along global value chains: perspectives and evidence from sectoral interdependence
Authors: Riccio Federico , Cresti Lorenzo , Virgillito Maria Enrica
Published: October 2024

This article proposes a novel framework to investigate how globalisation affects workers’ share of value added. We explore functional income distribution by looking at industrial interdependence and thus identifying Global Value Chains (GVCs) as the unit of analysis; we then track inputs’ composition and their labour share evolution along the value chains. First, we find widespread heterogeneous patterns across value chains’ components, accounting for the direct, domestic and foreign requirements of the chains, inside an overall declining trend in the vertical labour share. Second, through a shift-share analysis, we investigate what drives such decline in the vertical labour share: albeit country-industry idiosyncratic factors accounted by the within-input component contribute the most, between-input reallocation—GVCs restructuring—matters, particularly highlighting the role played by foreign contributions. Finally, through a parsimonious regression estimation, we confirm the main results found in the shift-share analysis highlighting the role played by countries’ development level and structural change towards services. In essence, we provide evidence of the recombination of inputs toward emerging economies and service-based activities. Such recombination negatively affects GVCs labour share dynamics. Overall, our methodology contributes to linking the processes of fragmentation of production and the changing international division of labour with the ensuing implications for functional income distribution.
Changes in Antipsychotic Medication Adherence Among Medicaid Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia During COVID-19
Authors: Shen Siyuan , Yang Catherine , Candon Molly , Lorenc Emily , Jang Min , Mandell David
Published: October 2024

To identify patterns of medication adherence during the pandemic and factors associated with these patterns among Medicaid-enrolled individuals with schizophrenia who had highly adherent medication use prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used Medicaid claims from Philadelphia to identify individuals with schizophrenia ≥ 18 years of age, their demographic characteristics, and health service use. We used group trajectory models to identify adherence trends, and ANOVA to examine associations between adherence groups and demographic characteristics and service use. The sample included 1,622 individuals. A 4-group trajectory model best fit our data. Seventy percent of individuals averaged about 92% adherence throughout the study period; 10% experienced a pronounced decline when the pandemic started (pandemic non-adherers); 11% experienced a sharp decline mid-pandemic (late non-adherers); and 9% experienced a sharp decline at the beginning of the pandemic and returned to higher adherence after a year (disrupted adherers). Adherers were least likely to be diagnosed with a substance use disorder, and had more telehealth visits, mental health outpatient visits, and fewer emergency department visits on average. Late non-adherers were more likely than adherers to have substance use disorders and physical health conditions. Pandemic non-adherers had more co-occurring psychiatric disorders than adherers and had the lowest use of case management. Three in ten previously adherent individuals with schizophrenia became less adherent to antipsychotic medications, either at the onset or later in the pandemic. Our findings point to telehealth and case management as critical strategies for treatment engagement, especially during public health crises, and well as the need to address co-occurring conditions.
Australien: Medienkonzentration und Medienregulierung
Authors: Schapals Aljosha Karim
Published: October 2024

Australiens Medienmarkt gehört weltweit zu den Medienmärkten mit der höchsten Medienkonzentration. Zwei bedeutende Medienkonglomerate – Rupert Murdochs News Corp. und der im Jahr 2018 bekanntgegebene Fairfax Media/Nine Entertainment-Zusammenschluss – machen den Löwenanteil des Marktes aus, wobei Erstere mehr als die Hälfte der wichtigen australischen Titel besitzt. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet die australische Medienlandschaft: zunächst wird ein Überblick über die wichtigsten australischen Medien und die Art ihrer Nutzung gegeben; dann auf den Zustand des Journalismus, einschließlich der Notwendigkeit, ein nachhaltiges Geschäftsmodell für das digitale Zeitalter zu finden; und schließlich wird die Rolle der sozialen Medien betrachtet, besonders der „Big Tech“-Unternehmen wie Google und Facebook und deren Macht gegenüber den großen Medienunternehmen. Weiter fokussiert er kritische Momente und derzeitige Herausforderungen, denen die Medienlandschaft sich gerade ausgesetzt sieht, und zieht Parallelen zu Entwicklungen in anderen Ländern. Auch wird sowohl ein kurz- als auch mittelfristiger Ausblick gegeben, und schließlich werden die wichtigsten Punkte zusammengefasst und relevante Lektüre empfohlen.
Association between attachment dimensions and empathy with future orientation and resilience in a sample of women in detention: a multicenter study
Authors: Lai Carlo , Valentini Mariarita , Luciani Federica , Campedelli Virginia , Veneziani Giorgio , Rocchi Giulia , Reho Matteo , Marsili Eleonora , Di Maio Margherita , Caroppo Emanuele
Published: October 2024

The well-being of women in detention has been associated with specific psychological variables. Future orientation and resilience could improve well-being and promote successful reintegration into society. Noteworthy, these variables could be influenced by the quality of primary relationships and empathic abilities. Considering the previous research, studying these associations in women in a detention context could be relevant. The present research aims to examine the associations between attachment dimensions, empathy, nationality, and civil status, with future orientation in a sample of women prisoners in Italy. Ninety women in detention completed three self-report scales (Attachment Style Questionnaire, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Design my Future) and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Results showed an association between a secure attachment dimension, higher ability to fantasize, lower personal distress, and the presence of romantic experiences with higher resilience. Moreover, a secure attachment dimension and a migrant condition were associated with a higher future orientation. Personalized psychological interventions should help women in detention to build secure and trusting relationships -both real and internalized ones- supporting empathic abilities, increasing their resilience, and developing realistic plans for the future. The role of the specific expectations related to romantic experiences and different cultural conditions should be considered in the personalized psychological intervention.
Targeting Canonical Wnt-signaling Through GSK-3β in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Conservative or Progressive?
Authors: Low Brandon Shu Huang , Asimaki Angeliki
Published: October 2024

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a primary myocardial disease and a major cause of sudden death in all populations of the world. Canonical Wnt signalling is a critical pathway controlling numerous processes including cellular differentiation, hypertrophy and development. GSK3β is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase, which acts downstream of Wnt to promote protein ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Several studies now suggest that inhibiting GSK3β can prevent and reverse key pathognomonic features of ACM in a range of experimental models. However, varying concerns are reported throughout the literature including the risk of paradoxical arrhythmias, cancer and off-target effects in upstream or downstream pathways.

Clinical Relevance

In light of the start of the phase 2 TaRGET clinical trial, designed to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of GSK3β inhibition in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, this report aims to review the advantages and disadvantages of this strategy.

Graphical Abstract
Membrankontaktstellen: wie Organellen miteinander reden
Authors: Büttner Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Membrane contact sites exist between virtually all organelles and in all eukaryotic cells. They allow direct communication between cellular subcompartments via exchange of small molecules and thus integrate the different organellar activities. These contact sites are emerging as hubs for metabolic adaptation. Here, two contact sites that change dramatically in response to starvation serve as examples to illustrate the remodeling of the membrane contact site landscape upon metabolic stress.
Hochauflösende Strukturanalysen von eukaryotischen Zell-Maschinen
Authors: Kellner Nikola , Hurt Ed
Published: October 2024

Chaetomium thermophilum is an eukaryotic thermophilic fungus that holds great potential for broad biochemical and biotechnological applications. We have developed a tool box for its genetic manipulation rendering this organism amenable as resource for structural biology. Here, we elucidate these approaches as a foundation for affinity purification of thermostable macromolecular complexes, like nucleoporin complexes and pre-ribosomal particles.
Alteration by natural processes or anthropogenic manipulation? Assessing human skull breakage through machine learning algorithms
Authors: Marginedas Francesc , Moclán Abel , Cubas Miriam , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Saladié Palmira , Rodríguez-Hidalgo Antonio
Published: October 2024

Bone breakage is one of the most common features in the archaeological record. Fractures occur at different times and are classified as fresh or dry depending on the presence or absence of collagen in the bone. In the study of human remains, the timing of the occurrence of a fracture is of crucial importance as it can sometimes be linked to the cause of death. Types of skull breakage can be classified based on when they occurred, though not all fractures correspond to the expected features. This variability is added to the challenge of working with bones covered in consolidant, which obstructs the bone surface and hinders taphonomic analysis. This is the case of the Txispiri calotte, which was categorized as a skull cup in the early 20th century, though this classification was later rejected in the 1990s. In this study, we used statistics and machine learning (ML) to test the breakage characteristics of one set of skull fragments with fresh fractures, another set with dry fractures, and the Txispiri calotte. For this purpose, we considered the fracture type, trajectory, angles, cortical delamination and texture of each of the individual fractures. Our results show that the 13 fractures of the Txispiri calotte correspond to dry breakage and bear no relation to artificially produced skull cups. This study shows the potential of ML algorithms to classify fresh and dry fractures within the same specimen, a method that can be applied to other assemblages with similar characteristics.
Measuring Caribbean stress and resilient coping: Psychometric properties of the PSS-10 and BRCS in a multi-country study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Campbell Michael H. , Gromer-Thomas Jill , Khan Katija , Sa Bidyadhar , Lashley Paula M. , Cohall Damian , Chin Christine E. , Pierre Russell B. , Ojeh Nkemcho , Bharatha Ambadasu , Harewood Heather , Adams O. Peter , Majumder Md. Anwarul Azim
Published: October 2024

Caribbean health research has overwhelmingly employed measures developed elsewhere and rarely includes evaluation of psychometric properties. Established measures are important for research and practice. Particularly, measures of stress and coping are needed. Stressors experienced by Caribbean people are multifactorial, as emerging climate threats interact with existing complex and vulnerable socioeconomic environments. In the early COVID-19 pandemic, our team developed an online survey to assess the well-being of health professions students across university campuses in four Caribbean countries. This survey included the Perceived Stress Scale, 10-item version (PSS-10) and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). The participants were 1,519 health professions students (1,144 females, 372 males). We evaluated the psychometric qualities of the measures, including internal consistency, concurrent validity by correlating both measures, and configural invariance using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Both scales had good internal consistency, with omega values of 0.91 for the PSS-10 and 0.81 for the BRCS. CFA suggested a two-factor structure of the PSS-10 and unidimensional structure of the BRCS. These findings support further use of these measures in Caribbean populations. However, the sampling strategy limits generalizability. Further research evaluating these and other measures in the Caribbean is desirable.
Advancing psychiatric nosology through philosophical inquiry
Authors: Arjmand Shokouh , Saboori Amleshi Reza , Guimarães Francisco S. , Wegener Gregers
Published: October 2024

Here, we have utilised the concept of fuzzy logic and Karl Popper’s notion of verisimilitude to advocate navigating the complexity of psychiatric nosology, emphasising that psychiatric disorders defy Boolean logic. We underscore the importance of embracing imprecision and collecting extensive data for a more nuanced understanding of psychiatric disorders, asserting that falsifiability is crucial for scientific progress. We encourage the advancement of personalised psychiatric taxonomy, urging the continual accumulation of data to inform emerging advancements like artificial intelligence in reshaping current psychiatric nosology.
Mating behaviour and cholesterol nutritional strategies promoted ovarian development of female swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus)
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Jin Min , Luo Jiaxiang , Yang Yuhang , Li Xiangkai , Peng Hongyu , Shen Yuedong , Zhou Qicun
Published: October 2024

Female crabs enter a stage of rapid ovarian development after mating, and cholesterol is a substrate for steroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, in this experiment, an 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of mating treatments (mated crab and unmated crab) and three dietary cholesterol levels (0·09 %, 0·79 % and 1·40 %) on ovarian development, cholesterol metabolism and steroid hormones metabolism of adult female swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus). The results indicated that crabs fed the diet with 0·79 % cholesterol significantly increased gonadosomatic index (GSI) and vitellogenin (VTG) content than other treatments in the same mating status. Moreover, mated crabs had markedly increased GSI and VTG content in the ovary and hepatopancreas than unmated crabs. The histological observation found that exogenous vitellogenic oocytes appeared in the mated crabs, while previtellogenic oocytes and endogenous vitellogenic oocytes were the primary oocytes in unmated crabs. The transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that when fed diet with 0·79 % cholesterol, the unmated crabs contained more rough endoplasmic reticulum and mated crabs had higher yolk content than other treatments. Furthermore, mating treatment and dietary 0·79 % cholesterol level both promoted cholesterol deposition by up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression levels of class B scavenger receptors 1 (Srb1), while stimulating the secretion of steroid hormones by up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star). Overall, the present results indicated that mating behaviour plays a leading role in promoting ovarian development, and dietary 0·79 % cholesterol level can further promote ovarian development after mating.
Patterns of beverages consumption and prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases
Authors: Lavôr Layanne Cristina de Carvalho , Viola Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca , Sousa Paulo Víctor de Lima , Campos Felipe da Costa , Crisóstomo Jany de Moura , Nascimento Larisse Monteles , Frota Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves
Published: October 2024

Beverages consumption influences diet quality in general and has been associated with the development of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD). We aimed to verify the association between beverage consumption patterns and the prevalence of NCCD. A cross-sectional household and population-based study was conducted with 489 individuals aged 20 years and older. The presence of NCCD (arterial hypertension, diabetes, cancer and hypercholesterolemia) was obtained by self-report, while obesity was diagnosed by measuring body weight, height and waist circumference. Beverage consumption patterns were obtained by principal component analysis. The association between beverages patterns and the prevalence of NCCD was verified using Poisson regression, expressed as prevalence ratio (PR) and adjusted for potential confounding factors. Three beverage patterns were identified: ‘ultra-processed beverages’, ‘alcoholic beverages’ and ‘healthy beverages’. Individuals with greater adherence to the Ultra-processed Beverages Pattern had a 2·77 times higher prevalence of cancer (PR: 3·77; 95 % CI 1·57, 9·07). Higher adherence to the Alcoholic Beverages Pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity (PR: 1·97; 95 % CI 1·13, 3·44). In contrast, individuals in the second tertile of adherence to the Healthy Beverages Pattern had a 39 % lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (PR: 0·61; 95 % CI 0·40, 0·92), and individuals in the third tertile had a 10 % lower prevalence of abdominal obesity estimated by the waist-to-height ratio (PR: 0·90; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·97). Beverage consumption patterns may be associated with a higher prevalence of NCCD, regardless of other risk factors. It is therefore important to conduct more studies investigating the impact of beverages patterns on health.
Accuracy of the international growth charts to diagnose obesity according to the body composition analysis in US children and adolescents
Authors: de Oliveira Mariane Helen , Mazzeti Camila Medeiros da Silva , Araújo Joana , Severo Milton , Pereira Débora Borges dos Santos , Conde Wolney Lisboa
Published: October 2024

This study verified the accuracy of the international BMI references and the allometric BMI reference to diagnose obesity in children and adolescents from the USA. Data from 17 313 subjects were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the years 1999–2006 and 2011–2018. Fat Mass Index, Allometric Fat Mass Index and fat mass/fat-free mass were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were estimated to evaluate the accuracy of the growth references for diagnosing obesity. The International Obesity Task Force, MULT BMI 17 years, MULT BMI 18 years and allometric BMI 19 years achieved the best sensitivity-specificity trade-off for boys, with sensitivities ranging from 0·92 to 0·96 and specificities of 0·94, with positive likelihood ratio of 15·51, 16·17, 13·46 and 18·01, respectively. The negative likelihood ratios were notably low, ranging from 0·04 to 0·08. In girls, the International Obesity Task Force, MULT BMI 17 years and MULT allometric BMI 17 years also demonstrated high sensitivity (0·95–0·97) and specificity (0·92), with positive likelihood ratio values of 11·54, 11·82 and 11·77, respectively and low negative likelihood ratio values (0·03–0·05). In summary, these international growth references presented satisfactory performance to diagnose obesity. However, the MULT growth reference performed better, and the MULT allometric BMI was the only indicator capable of detecting that girls have a higher proportion of fat mass than boys for the same index values. These findings suggest that the MULT growth reference may be a better tool to assess the nutritional status of children and adolescents internationally.
Neonatal undernutrition induced by litter size expansion alters testicular parameters in adult Wistar rats
Authors: Menezes Ana Camila Ferreira , Wunderlich Ana Luiza Machado , Luiz Karen Gomes , Frigoli Giovanna Fachetti , Costa Ivana Regina D , Stopa Larissa Rugila dos Santos , Souza Camila Franciele , Guergolette Rhauany Pelisson , Shishido Polyana Keiko , Aquino Ana Beatriz Oliveira , Forcato Simone , Gerardin Daniela Cristina Ceccatto , Zaia Cássia Thaïs Bussamra Vieira , Uchoa Ernane Torres , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo Alves
Published: October 2024

Several models of maternal undernutrition reveal impairment of testicular development and compromise spermatogenesis in male offspring. The expansion of the litter size model, valuable for studying the impact of undernutrition on early development, has not yet been used to evaluate the consequences of early undernutrition in the adult male reproductive system. For this purpose, pups were raised in either normal litter (ten pups/dam) or large litter (LL; sixteen pups/dam). On postnatal day 90, sexual behaviour was evaluated or blood, adipose and reproductive tissues were collected for biochemical, histological and morphological analysis. Adult LL animals were lighter and thinner than controls. They showed increased food intake, but decrease of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue weight, glycaemia after oral glucose overload and plasma concentration of cholesterol. Reproductive organ weights were not altered by undernutrition, but histopathological analysis revealed an increased number of abnormal seminiferous tubules and number of immature spermatids in the tubular lumen of LL animals. These animals also showed reduction in total spermatic reserve and daily sperm production in the testes. Undernutrition decreased the number of Sertoli cells, and testosterone production was increased in the LL group. Mitochondrial activity of spermatozoa remained unchanged between experimental groups, suggesting no significant impact on the energy-related processes associated with sperm function. All animals from both experimental groups were considered sexually competent, with no significant difference in the parameters of sexual behaviour. We conclude that neonatal undernutrition induces histological and physiological testicular changes, without altering sperm quality and sexual behaviour of animals.
Singing songs for a secular society? The elusive politics of cultural activism in contemporary Bangladesh
Authors: Schulz Mascha
Published: October 2024

In Bangladesh, many secularists pursue their political goals through cultural activism. While committed to achieving a secular, progressive, and non-communal society, they often refrain from explicitly articulating their politics due to the sensitivity of their goals. Instead, cultural performances allow them to instantiate and embody a secular ethos with transformative potential, expressed through distinct cultural genres that become recognized as secular aesthetics. While activists consider culture to be a morally superior and ‘purer’ way to promote their political aims than party politics, which they perceive as ‘dirty’ and corrupt, cultural traditions are hardly neutral ground from which to enact secular aspirations. This article explores the ethical struggles that emerge from this position to illuminate what it means to act politically while trying to avoid politics, and why people might choose comparatively elusive forms of political engagement despite their strong commitment to a cause. Attending to less tangible forms of politics encourages us to rethink the role of political messages and visibility in social movements by highlighting the significant role, as well as contradictory implications, of aesthetics, embodiment, and gestures in political action. Conversely, the elusive politics of cultural activism underlines the need to go beyond analysing national discourses to understand the contested nature of secularism in Bangladesh.
Is Monogamy Part of ‘Who We Are’? Romantic Norms, Defensiveness, and Collective Identity
Authors: Jenkins Carrie
Published: October 2024

I discuss a certain kind of emotionally charged negative reaction to defences of non-monogamous love, which I call collective-identity reactions. Expanding on work by Audrey Yap and Jonathan Ichikawa, who consider defensive reactions grounded in individual identity, I argue that collective-identity reactions are characteristically associated with claims about who we are, and motivated by a sense that the relevant we is in some way under threat. Looking into which we might be threatened by defences of non-monogamy, and why, reveals that this apparently personal subject matter is in fact entangled with global political issues like capitalism and American cultural imperialism. I conclude with some thoughts about ameliorative strategies for situations structurally similar to this one.
Making Sense of Emoji
Authors: McDonald Lucy
Published: October 2024

Many online messages now contain emoji – these small images have quickly become an important means of communicating. Yet they have not yet been taken seriously in philosophy of language. In this exploratory paper, I attempt to remedy this neglect by analysing the communicative functions of emoji. I argue that emoji have at least three communicative functions. Firstly, they can serve a replicative function, in that they can play the same role as words and punctuation, thereby replicating the function of existing written communicative devices. Secondly, they can serve a compensatory function, in the sense that they can be used to make up for features of face-to-face conversation which are lost in written online conversation. Thirdly, they can serve supplementary functions, in that we can perform new communicative acts with emoji which we could not previously perform either in written or face-to-face communication.
Going Underground: The Author’s Body and the Mining Workplace in the Writing about Miners in Modern China
Authors: Ma Xi
Published: October 2024

This article highlights the author’s body and its physical experience in labor history, by a focus on their historical implication for the emergence of writings about miners in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth century China. Miners and their workplace entered Chinese textual and pictorial representations at the turn of the twentieth century, as a result of the growing importance of the mining industry, the dissemination of new mining knowledge, and the formation of new social groups. Later in the 1920s, literary movements tied up with the revolutionary agenda under the influence of Marxism brought new conceptualizations of miners’ position in society and their relationship with intellectuals. When authors turned to write about miners in the late 1920s and early 1930s, they chose to legitimize their writing by descending into mine shafts to acquire the experience in the underground mining workplace and to incorporate the bodily experience into their writings. The mining lamp in texts and images from this period provides a prime example to illustrate how the author’s experience in the underground mine was embodied in the author’s and the miner’s corporeal visions and contributed a new way of seeing and representing miners. Drawing upon materials about miners of various genres, this article reveals the formulation of Chinese visual modernity within Chinese social interactions and brings the author’s body into labor history by calling attention to both its material presence in the workplace and its agentic power to inscribe workers.
The Myth of the Classless Society: Henry Carey and the Anti-Labor Origins of U.S. Political Economy (1820s–1830s)
Authors: Rossi Matteo M.
Published: October 2024

The essay argues that the idea of the United States as a classless society was never a faithful representation of the U.S. socioeconomic reality, but constituted a myth elaborated since the 1830s by the first generation of U.S. economists to oppose the insubordination of Northern white workers, their mobilization through strikes, their politicization of class, and their critique of wage labor. It was precisely to counter the workers’ discourse, the essay maintains, that the first U.S. economists, most importantly Henry Charles Carey (1793–1879), developed an ideological representation of U.S. society as a classless structure devoid of fixed boundaries, in which industrious individuals could improve their condition through labor and in which social positions reflected a scale of talents and merits. By studying the early writings of Carey, but also of Theodore Sedgwick (1780–1839), Francis Wayland (1796–1865), Henry Vethake (1791–1866), Alonzo Potter (1800–1865), and Francis Lieber (1800–1872), the essay shows how economists used the myth of the classless society to scientifically legitimize the coming of capitalism to the United States, as well as to delegitimize class conflict. This anti-labor reaction, the essay argues, marked the very emergence of political economy in the United States as a science aimed at justifying the order of society through a mystified representation of its power relations, while the myth of the classless society would persist as a fundamental ideological pillar in the legitimation and naturalization of American capitalism.
Revolution and Resistance: An Exploration of the Looping Effect in the Moluccas in 1817
Authors: Post Philip
Published: October 2024

This article explores three instances of the looping effect by studying colonial resistance in the Moluccas in 1817. It focuses on the relations between Dutch colonial officials and the sultan of Ternate in the North Moluccas, and between Dutch officials and the regents of Ambon in the Central Moluccas. The first instance of the looping effect revolves around how Ambonese regents, who adhered to Calvinism, used Christian principles to contest Dutch rule within the Moluccas. This became evident in 1817 when a revolt broke out against the reestablishment of Dutch rule within the Moluccas. The leaders of this revolt used religious precepts of Calvinism, previously introduced by the Dutch, to argue that the reestablishment of Dutch rule should be rejected. The article continues with a second instance of the looping effect, reconstructing how Ambonese rulers used instructions issued by the colonial state in 1818 to mitigate claims from the colonial government. Finally, a third instance of the looping effect can be perceived in how the sultan of Ternate used contracts, signed with the Dutch colonial state in 1817, to request Dutch military assistance against internal uprisings and thereby increased his authority throughout the region.
Longitudinal trajectory classes and correlates of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-triarchic psychopathy scales from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Garofalo Carlo , Weller Joshua A. , Kirisci Levent , Reynolds Maureen D. , Mazzeschi Claudia
Published: October 2024

The present study examined longitudinal trajectory classes and correlates of triarchic psychopathy domains (boldness, meanness, and disinhibition) from age 16 to 22, leveraging Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)-based triarchic scales data gathered on a large community sample (ns ranging between 483 and 775 across waves) oversampled for parental substance use disorder (SUD). Growth mixture models were conducted to examine longitudinal trajectory classes for each domain, and their associations with environmental covariates (e.g., neighborhood disadvantage and parental SUD) and outcomes at age 22 (e.g., violent behavior, antisocial personality disorder, and an overall problem index capturing internalizing symptoms and social problems). For boldness, all participants fell in the same class showing relative stability over time. Comparable solutions were recovered for meanness and disinhibition (high-stable/increasing, mid-range decreasing, and low-decreasing). Links with external correlates supported well-known differences between boldness and both meanness and disinhibition and additionally revealed interesting differences between meanness and disinhibition, suggesting that environmental covariates better discriminated meanness trajectory classes. These results demonstrate considerable developmental heterogeneity in these traits across adolescence into young adulthood, which relates to outcomes associated with antisociality and general life struggles. Further, these findings support the adequacy of the MPQ as an operationalization tool for longitudinal investigations on psychopathy.
Playing Africans
Authors: Weiner Raz
Published: October 2024

Africa Day was a practice of elementary school educational performances in kibbutzim, which featured mimetic impressions of Africans by children. As a mode of settler subject formation, Africa Day sustained imagined, “borrowed” indigeneity, while effectively obfuscating Palestinian indigenous existence. As a complex site of simultaneous reiteration and renegotiation of race and racism, the event’s reconstruction brings to the foreground the accumulation of whiteness particular to Zionism, which is not only the violence of racial supremacy, but also the violence of selfish disregard.