bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral nerve blocks for closed reduction of distal radius fractures—A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Pisljagic Sanja , Temberg Jens L. , Steensbæk Mathias T. , Yousef Sina , Maagaard Mathias , Chafranska Lana , Lange Kai H. W. , Rothe Christian , Lundstrøm Lars H. , Nørskov Anders K.
Published: November 2023

Background

Current methods of anaesthesia used for closed reduction of distal radial fractures may be insufficient for pain relief and muscle relaxation, potentially compromising reduction quality and patient satisfaction. Peripheral nerve blocks have already been implemented for surgery of wrist fractures and may provide optimal conditions for closed reduction due to complete motor and sensory blockade of the involved nerves. However, existing literature on peripheral nerve blocks for closed reduction is sparse, and no updated systematic review or meta‐analysis exists.

Aims

This protocol is developed according to the PRISMA‐P statement. The systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to consolidate the literature regarding the effect and harm of peripheral nerve blocks compared with other anaesthesia modalities for closed reduction of distal radius fractures in adults.

Methods

The two primary outcomes are the proportion of participants needing surgery after closed reduction and pain during closed reduction. We will only include randomised clinical trials. Two review authors will each independently screen literature, extract data, and assess risk of bias with Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Meta‐analysis will be carried out with Rstudio. We will also perform a Trial Sequential Analysis. The certainty of evidence will be judged using GRADE guidelines.

Discussion

We will use up‐to‐date methodology when conducting the systematic review outlined in this protocol. The results may guide clinicians in their decision‐making regarding the use of anaesthesia for closed reduction of distal radius fractures in adults.
Population size and social structure of lions in a west African protected area
Authors: Gueye Malle , Pellaton Raoul , Van Cauteren Dorien , Mengual Lisa , Van Dongen Stefan , Leirs Herwig , Bertola Laura D. , Faye Papa Mor , Diop Babacar , Diop Maniang Mamadoune , Kanté Abdoulaye , de Iongh Hans
Published: November 2023

To inform the conservation of the Regionally Critically Endangered West African lion, we studied lion population size and social structure in Niokolo Koba National Park (NKNP), Senegal. Calling station and camera trap surveys were conducted and opportunistic lion observations were documented from 2015 to 2020. The average lion density was calculated as 0.50 lion/100 km2 and the population size was estimated as 28–56 individuals. Average lion group size was 2.1 ± 1.45 lions (range 1–8 lions). There were no significant differences between observations of single individuals (43%), groups of two (22%), three (19%), four (4%) and more than four (5%) individual lions (X2 = 30.021, p‐value = 0.06452). Sex ratio showed a ratio of male:female of 1:1.1 to 1:2.8. About 13.59% of the lion population was composed of cubs while, respectively, 81.22% and 5.17% were adults and subadults. Based on the analysis of activity patterns, lions in NKNP are mainly nocturno‐crepuscular (18:00–01:00) and matutinal (06:00–08:00). Lion population size and density are still low in NKNP compared to earlier estimates from the same area, in the late 1990s. We therefore conclude that the conservation of lions in NKNP must be further improved to safeguard this population in the long term.
From clinical findings to the pathomechanism of poikiloderma with neutropenia
Authors: Larizza Lidia
Published: November 2023

The clinical problem of a non‐healing fistula in ano in a child affected with poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN) was the stimulus for an innovative study by Parajuli et al. that sheds light on the pathological mechanisms in this disease. Multiparametric analyses of the patient's blood mononuclear cells by cell culture, flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine assay suggested a block of monocyte differentiation. Monocyte transcriptome profiling revealed a signature consistent with the haematological picture and the clinical presentation.

Commentary on: Parajuli et al. Defective monocyte plasticity and altered cAMP pathway characterize USB1‐mutated poikiloderma with neutropenia Clericuzio type. Br J Haematol 2024;204:683‐693.
Interdisciplinary variations of metadiscursive verb patterns in English research articles
Authors: Chen Songyun , Xu Jiajin
Published: November 2023

The widespread use of metadiscourse is vital to the study of academic discourse and genre analysis. This article focuses on the concept of metadiscursive verb patterns (MVPs) and examines their variation in English research articles across four domains representing hard/soft‐pure and hard/soft‐applied disciplines. Based on a bottom‐up investigation of a self‐compiled corpus, three findings are highlighted: (1) the crucial rhetorical roles of MVPs were established by their distinct functions in knowledge construction; (2) significant interdisciplinary variations of MVPs reflected the typical written conventions shared by writers of different disciplinary communities; and (3) the association between (sub‐)categories of MVPs and disciplines foregrounded the most popular rhetorical strategies for using MVPs and salient disciplinary features. These findings are discussed in terms of the factors governing the use of MVPs and identification of disciplinary boundaries. Pedagogical considerations for understanding MVPs and proper rhetorical strategies for using these tools are discussed.
Fluorescence and temperature sensing properties of Zr4+ and Er3+ codoped Y2O3 prepared by laser annealing
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Deng Yawen , Yang Yan , Lin Jiahao , He Yaru , Gong Jing , Huang Lei , Dang Suihu , Bai Yunfeng
Published: November 2023

Y2O3 codoped with different Zr4+ (10% mol, 30% mol, and 49% mol) and constant Er3+ (2% mol) ions were successfully prepared via the laser annealing method. According to the XRD data, the lattice parameters decrease with the increase of Zr4+, and the grain size increases with Zr4+. The crystal space group switches from Ia‐3 to Fm‐3 m at a Zr4+ concentration of 49% mol. As the concentration of doped Zr4+ increases, the upconversion emission of Er3+ decreases. The nonequivalent substitution of Y3+ by Zr4+ creates lattice defects, which affect the fluorescence intensity of Er3+ ions in the material. The temperature sensing behavior of Y88%Zr10%Er2%O1.55 crystals based on the fluorescence intensity ratio between 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4I9/2→4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ is studied. The results show that after codoping with Zr4+, the 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4I9/2→4I15/2 transitions satisfy the Boltzmann distribution formula at temperatures above 333K. And the temperature sensing relative sensitivity can reach 2.96%K−1.
Expression of cAMP and oxidative phosphorylation‐related lncRNAs in non‐functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Nicknam Amir , Bagan Atena , Eslami Solat , Rakhshan Azadeh , Ghafouri‐Fard Soudeh
Published: November 2023

Non‐functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are benign lesions in the pituitary gland with important morbidities. In this study, based on a bioinformatics analysis to identify the genes and pathways that display significant differences between tumour tissues of NFPA patients and normal pituitary tissues, we selected lncRNAs related to cAMP and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, namely DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and SLC25A5‐AS1. Then, we aimed to investigate by means of RT‐qPCR, the expression of these lncRNAs along with two other lncRNAs, namely CADM3‐AS1 and MIR7‐3HG in NFPA samples compared to that in healthy tissues adjacent to the tumours. Transcripts of DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and MIR7‐3HG were lower in NFPA samples compared with controls (Expression ratios (95% CI) = 0.43 (0.23–0.78), 0.58 (0.35–0.96) and 0.58 (0.35–0.96); p‐values = 0.009, 0.025 and 0.036, respectively). AUC values of ROC curves of DNAH17‐AS1, LINC00706 and MIR7‐3HG were 0.62, 0.61 and 0.62, respectively. Expression of CADM3‐AS1 was associated with the gender of patients in a way that it was lower in female patients (p‐value = 0.04). The level of SLC25A5‐AS1 was lower in subjects with disease duration lower than 1 year (p‐value = 0.048). We showed dysregulation of three lncRNAs in NFPA tissues and potentiates these lncRNAs as important regulators of pathogenic events in these tumours.
Measuring law's normative force
Authors: Cope Kevin L.
Published: November 2023

An important question in legal theory and policy is when people are willing to put aside their policy preferences to uphold higher‐order legal values. That is, when does constitutional or international law, for instance, have “normative force”? Around two‐dozen experimental studies have attempted to measure this question empirically, but their designs contain an inherent limitation. While they are interested in gauging the effect of internalizing a norm, they measure only the effect of exposure to that norm. This is significant because subjects in the treatment group whose priors are strongly contrary to the treatment message on the legality of a policy may effectively be “treatment resistant”: it is difficult to successfully treat them because their prior beliefs on the issue are entrenched; as a result, they simply do not believe the treatment message. This treatment failure attenuates any effects, and where a significant portion of the treatment and/or control group is not successfully treated, the results will be biased toward small, null, or even backfire findings. This article first formally models the mechanism underlying experiments on law's normative force. I then demonstrate a methodological solution to the problem of treatment resistance. By using the experimental treatment as an instrumental variable and employing a post‐treatment treatment‐uptake test, the researcher can estimate the causal effect of the real explanatory variable of interest: sincerely holding a belief about a policy's higher‐order lawfulness. Using new data from a 2022 survey experiment conducted on US residents, I illustrate this method for three constitutional or international law issues. The theoretical and empirical results together suggest that backfire effects documented by some studies do not reflect a tepid or negative response against the legal source per se, but rather reflect treatment resistance. These findings suggest that we should re‐evaluate the existing body of experimental studies on law's normative force, and they should prompt researchers to reconsider how we conduct future research in this domain.
Masking capacity of minimally invasive lithium disilicate restorations on discolored teeth—The impact of ceramic thickness, the material's translucency, and the cement color
Authors: Pala Kevser , Reinshagen Eva Maria , Attin Thomas , Hüsler Jürg , Jung Ronald E. , Ioannidis Alexis
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To evaluate minimally invasive restorations' capacity to mask discolored teeth and explore the impact of ceramic thickness, translucency, and cement color.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐four assessment pairs of naturally colored and discolored bovine dentin samples were formed, using lithium disilicate specimens in six different thicknesses (0.3–0.8 mm), two different translucencies (high, low), and two cements (transparent, tooth‐colored). Evaluators assessed the color differences in each assessment pair, and the threshold for detecting a color difference was determined using sequential testing and the Bonferroni‐Holm method.

Results

A thickness of 0.6 mm effectively masked color differences using high translucent ceramic with transparent cement, detectable differences were still observed at 0.7/0.8 mm. A threshold thickness of 0.4 mm was seen using high translucent ceramic and tooth‐colored cement, with color differences still discernible at 0.5 and 0.8 mm. A threshold thickness of 0.4 mm was detected using low translucent ceramic and transparent cement, while detectable differences persisted at 0.5, 0.7, and 0.8 mm. A 0.5 mm threshold thickness was observed when using low translucent ceramic and tooth‐colored cement, and no detectable color differences were detected beyond this thickness.

Conclusions

Masking can be achieved with a thickness of 0.4–0.5 mm using a low translucent material and tooth‐colored cement.

Clinical Significance

Understanding the impact of ceramic thickness, translucency, and cement color can aid clinicians in making informed decisions for achieving the best esthetic outcomes while preserving tooth structure. Effective masking can be accomplished with ceramic thicknesses starting at 0.4 mm, especially when employing a low translucent material and tooth‐colored cement. However, clinicians should be aware that discolorations may still be detectable in certain scenarios when using minimally invasive lithium disilicate restorations.
Upside‐down swimming: in situ observations of inverted orientation in Gigantactis, with a new depth record for the Ceratioidei
Authors: Stewart Andrew L. , Pietsch Theodore W. , Moore Jon , Peng Xiaotong
Published: November 2023

This note reports on eight observations of inverted swimming behavior by species of ceratioid whipnose anglerfishes in the genus Gigantactis, from the Caribbean, tropical east Atlantic, tropical western Indian Ocean, the north‐east and north‐west Pacific and south‐west Pacific. It covers four putative species and strongly suggests that this is the normal behavior for the genus. A possible reason is briefly discussed. In addition, a new depth record of 5866 m for the ceratioid anglerfish is recorded.
Population ecology and juvenile density hotspots of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland
Authors: McAllister Mia , Fraser Shaun , Henry Lea‐Anne
Published: November 2023

Elasmobranchs are facing global decline, and so there is a pressing need for research into their populations to inform effective conservation and management strategies. Little information exists on the population ecology of skate species around the British Isles, presenting an important knowledge gap that this study aimed to reduce. The population ecology of thornback ray (Raja clavata) around the Shetland Islands, Scotland, was investigated in two habitats: inshore (50–150 m deep) and shallow coastal (20–50 m deep), from 2011 to 2022, and 2017 to 2022, respectively. Using trawl survey data from the annual Shetland Inshore Fish Survey, the size composition of R. clavata catches was compared between shallow and inshore habitats across 157 trawl sets, and 885 individuals, over the years 2017–2022. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of R. clavata was significantly higher in shallow than that in inshore areas (ANOVA, F = 72.52, df = 1, 5, p < 0.001). Size composition also significantly differed between the two habitats (analysis of similarities, R = 0.96, p = 0.002), with R. clavata being smaller in shallow areas and juveniles (<60 cm) occurring more frequently. Spatial distribution maps confirmed density hotspots of juveniles in shallow habitats, with repeated use of certain locations consistent over time. The results of this study provide the first evidence for R. clavata using shallow areas for potential nurseries in Shetland, which can inform the IUCN's Important Shark and Ray Area process. Furthermore, this study provides important new population ecology information for R. clavata around Shetland, which may have important conservation implications and be valuable for informing species and fisheries stock assessments in this region.
Lufenuron treatment temporarily represses gene expression and affects the SUMO pathway in liver of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Olsvik Pål A. , Brokke Kristine E. , Samuelsen Ole B. , Hannisdal Rita
Published: November 2023

Lufenuron is a benzoylurea insecticide currently in use to combat sea lice infestation in salmon aquaculture in Chile. With pending approval in Norway, the aim of this work was to study the uptake and toxicity of lufenuron in liver tissue of Atlantic salmon. Juvenile salmon weighing 40 g were given a standard 7‐day oral dose, and bioaccumulation and transcriptional responses in the liver were examined 1 day after the end‐of‐treatment (day 8) and after 1 week of elimination (day 14). Bioaccumulation levels of lufenuron were 29 ± 3 mg/kg at day 8 and 14 ± 1 mg/kg at day 14, indicating relatively rapid clearance. However, residues of lufenuron were still present in the liver after 513 days of depuration. The exposure gave a transient inhibition of transcription in the liver at day 8 (2437 significant DEGs, p‐adj < .05), followed by a weaker compensatory response at day 14 (169 significant DEGs). Pathways associated with RNA metabolism such as the sumoylation pathway were most strongly affected at day 8, while the apelin pathway was most profoundly affected at day 14. In conclusion, this study shows that lufenuron easily bioaccumulates and that a standard 7‐day oral dose induces a transient inhibition of transcription in liver of salmon.
Toward a pulp criminology: The Vee Brown and Needle Mike series
Authors: Yan Zi‐Ling
Published: November 2023

The detective/crime pulp series Vee Brown (Carroll John Daly) and Needle Mike (William E. Barrett) incorporate elements of contemporaneous criminological theory into their narratives as explanatory devices for social deviance. Initially, they align themselves along the dominant etiological divide of the 1920s and 1930s: intrinsic tendencies versus environmental factors, respectively. Over the course of individual stories and series arcs, internal contradictions arise in the representations of these positions, which are resolved, to some degree, in the contemporaneous anomie theory of Robert Merton. The protagonists' idiosyncratic engagement with the popular arts—Tin Pan Alley music and tattooing—becomes the metaphoric vehicle to reframe the individual/milieu conflict in terms of institutional inscriptions of individuals more constructivist than purely functionalist in nature.
The drivers of dark diversity in the Scandinavian mountains are metric‐dependent
Authors: Hostens Lore , Van Meerbeek Koenraad , Wiegmans Dymphna , Larson Keith , Lenoir Jonathan , Clavel Jan , Wedegärtner Ronja , Pirée Amber , Nijs Ivan , Lembrechts Jonas J.
Published: November 2023

Question

Dark diversity refers to the set of species that are not observed in an area but could potentially occur based on suitable local environmental conditions. In this paper, we applied both niche‐based and co‐occurrence‐based methods to estimate the dark diversity of vascular plant species in the subarctic mountains. We then aimed to unravel the drivers explaining (a) why some locations were missing relatively more suitable species than others, and (b) why certain plant species were more often absent from suitable locations than others.

Location

The Scandinavian mountains around Abisko, northern Sweden.

Methods

We calculated the dark diversity in 107 plots spread out across four mountain trails using four different methods: two co‐occurrence‐based (Beals’ index and the hypergeometric method) and two niche‐based (the climatic niche model and climatic niche model followed by species‐specific threshold). We then applied multiple Generalized Linear Mixed‐Effects Models and General Linear Models to determine which habitat characteristics and species traits contributed the most to dark diversity.

Results

The study showed a notable divergence in the predicted drivers of dark diversity depending on the method used. Nevertheless, we can conclude that plot‐level dark diversity was generally 17% higher in areas at low elevations and 31% higher in areas with a low species richness.

Conclusion

Our findings call for caution when interpreting statistical findings of dark‐diversity estimates. Even so, all analyses point toward an important role for natural processes such as competitive dominance as the main driver of the spatial patterns found in dark diversity in the northern Scandes.
Nationalist secessionism and global order: A comparison of the dynamics and impact of secession movements in Africa and Europe
Authors: Paalo Sebastian Angzoorokuu , Adu‐Gyamfi Samuel , Arthur Dominic Degraft
Published: November 2023

Scholars generally argue that nationalism and secessionism pose important dilemmas for national, regional and global order. Yet, there is inadequate discussion on the varied contexts of nationalist secessionist movements and how they influence or are influenced by domestic and global forces. Addressing this concern, this article undertakes a three‐case comparison of the Western Togoland separatist movement in Ghana, Southwest and Northwest (Anglophone) Cameroon's secessionist movement and the movement for independent Catalonia in Spain. These dissimilar cases—both from Global South and North—enable a broader examination of how themes such as political history, state capacity and regional/continental organisations affect nationalist‐induced secessionist movements and the measures to address them. Using a thematic comparative approach, this article examines the relevant literature on secessionism, nationalism, regionalism and cognate fields to demonstrate that the dynamics and consequence of secessionist movements depend largely on four interwoven factors: (a) the internal organisation and support for the nationalists' course, (b) state capacity to handle uprisings, (c) political conditions and conflict context of neighbouring countries and (d) interest and (re)actions of regional bodies and international allies. The comparative approach thus offers nuance, illustrating the critical angles of variations and intersections in secessionist movements and the effect on global order.
Cylindrolobus gaoligongensis sp. nov. (Orchidaceae, Podochileae) from Yunnan, China, and improved description of C. arunachalensis
Authors: Ya Ji‐Dong , Jiang Hong , He Zheng‐Jun , Liao Qin‐Chang , Zhao Yan‐Hui , Cai Jie , Wang Hong , Xiong Zhi
Published: November 2023

A new species of Cylindrolobus (Orchidaceae), C. gaoligongensis from the Gaoligong Mountain, northwestern Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to C. arunachalensis and C. gloensis, but can be distinguished from them by having orange to pink and triangular‐ovate lip mid‐lobe with mucronate apex, front margin of lateral lobes yellow to white and with short glandular hairs gradually transitioning to dense long hairs, two central calli connected to a keel toward mid‐lobe in the disk, and three rows of white long hairs at the base of the disk. Additionally, an improved description and illustration of the closely related species C. arunachalensis, is also provided.
Adjunctive brexpiprazole 1 mg and 2 mg daily for Japanese patients with major depressive disorder following inadequate response to antidepressants: a phase 2/3, randomized, double‐blind (BLESS) study
Authors: Kato Masaki , Shiosakai Masako , Kuwahara Kazuo , Iba Katsuhiro , Shimada Yuki , Saito Mizuki , Isogai Yuki , Sekine Daisuke , Aoki Kazuo , Koga Nobuyuki , Higuchi Teruhiko
Published: November 2023

Aims

Inadequate antidepressant response interrupts effective treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The BLESS study evaluates the dosage, efficacy, and safety of brexpiprazole adjunctive therapy in Japanese patients with inadequate antidepressant therapy (ADT) response.

Methods

This placebo‐controlled, randomized, multicenter, parallel‐group phase 2/3 study randomized Japanese MDD patients (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression 17‐item total score ≥ 14; historical inadequate response to 1–3 ADTs) with inadequate response to 8‐week single‐blind, prospective SSRI/SNRI treatment to 6‐week adjunctive treatment with brexpiprazole 1 mg, 2 mg, or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from baseline. Secondary endpoints included MADRS response, remission rate, and Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement score. Safety was comprehensively evaluated, especially regarding antipsychotic adverse events (AEs).

Results

Of 1194 screened patients, 740 were randomized and 736 (1 mg, n = 248; 2 mg, n = 245; placebo, n = 243) had ≥1 baseline/post‐baseline MADRS total score. The LSM (SE) change from baseline in MADRS total score at Week 6 by MMRM analysis was −8.5 (0.47) with brexpiprazole 1 mg, −8.2 (0.47) with brexpiprazole 2 mg, and −6.7 (0.47) with placebo (placebo‐adjusted LSM difference [95% CI]: 1 mg, −1.7 [−3.0, −0.4]; P = 0.0089; 2 mg, −1.4 [−2.7, −0.1]; P = 0.0312). Secondary efficacy results supported the primary endpoint. Brexpiprazole was generally well tolerated.

Conclusion

Brexpiprazole 1 mg daily was an appropriate starting dose and both 1 mg and 2 mg daily were effective and well tolerated as adjunctive therapy for Japanese MDD patients not adequately responsive to ADT.
A high level of genetic divergence between Exserohilum turcicum populations from maize and sorghum in Henan province of China revealed by SSR markers
Authors: Cui Linkai , Zhao Linxi , Fang Yufeng , Hu Yanhong
Published: November 2023

Exserohilum turcicum is the causative agent of northern leaf blight of maize and sorghum. Although host specificity of E. turcicum has been observed from isolates collected from maize and sorghum, limited molecular evidence has been presented so far for the formation of formae speciales. In this study, 15 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to study genetic diversity and population structure of 60 E. turcicum isolates from maize and sorghum in Henan province of China. A total of 54 haplotypes were identified from all isolates, in which 29 haplotypes were unique to the maize population and 25 were unique to the sorghum population. The phylogenetic tree showed that 60 isolates were clustered into two genetic groups; Group I consisted of 30 isolates from sorghum and Group II consisted of 30 isolates from maize. The formation of two groups was also supported by the result of principal component analysis. The analysis of population structure indicated that the main source of genetic compositions was completely different between the maize and sorghum populations. The fixation index (FST) and gene flow (Nm) between the two populations were 0.184 and 1.111, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that 27% and 73% of the total variation were distributed between and within the two populations, respectively. These findings reveal a high level of genetic divergence between E. turcicum populations associated with maize and sorghum and advance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying host specificity of E. turcicum.
Parent‐child relationship buffers the impact of maternal psychological control on aggression in temperamentally surgent children
Authors: Sun Yao , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Hart Craig H.
Published: November 2023

Children's temperamental surgency is associated with later child behavioral problems. However, the underlying mechanisms linking child surgency and child aggression, such as negative parental control, are relatively understudied. Moreover, the potential protective effect of a close parent‐child relationship on these associations remains untested, particularly among non‐White families. Participants included 259 Chinese American preschoolers (Mage = 4.5 years, SD = .9 years, 50% girls) and their mothers (Mage = 37.9 years, SD = 4.7 years), the present study examined the moderating effects of parent‐child relationship quality on the association between mother‐rated child surgency and teacher‐rated child aggression as mediated by maternal psychological control. Overall, results showed that child surgency was linked positively to maternal psychological control, which, in turn, led to higher levels of child aggression six months later, but only when the parent‐child relationship quality was less optimal. These findings indicate that psychological control is one underlying mechanism linking child temperament and child maladjustment, and that parent‐child relationship quality is an important protective factor. Findings also expand an existing theoretical framework by explicating how these variables are applicable to an Asian American population, suggesting the critical buffering role that parent‐child relationship quality plays. The study findings inform efforts to mitigate the potential negative effect of psychological control in reducing childhood aggression.
Integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert: Neuorientierungen bei der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China
Authors: Ge Nannan , Li Yuan
Published: November 2023

Abstrakt

In den letzten Jahren haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen für die Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China verändert und die deutsche Sprache hat dort einen weiteren Aufschwung genommen. Vor diesem Hintergrund lassen sich drei Neuorientierungen feststellen, die wir mit den Schlüsselworten integriert, allgemeinbildungsorientiert und digitalisiert beschreiben. Es liegt daran, dass das Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache bei der dynamischen Entwicklung den Ansprüchen der Wissenschaftlichkeit, der Berufsbezogenheit, den gesellschaftlichen Anforderungen sowie der individuellen Entwicklung in der Bildung und Ausbildung gerecht werden muss und diese drei in ein ausgeglichenes Verhältnis gebracht werden müssen. Zudem steht die Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache in China vor einigen Herausforderungen: die Profilierung des Deutschstudiums an Universitäten, die Kontinuität des Deutschlernens im Übergang von Schulen zu Universitäten und die Förderung der Digitalisierung in Lehre und Forschung. Man kann eine erweiterte und verstärkte Kooperation zwischen China, den deutschsprachigen Ländern und anderen Ländern, wo Deutsch als Fremdsprache gefördert wird, auch im Bereich der Vermittlung der deutschen Sprache voraussehen.
Multi‐omics analysis reveals the roles of purple acid phosphatases in organic phosphorus utilization by the tropical legume Stylosanthes guianensis
Authors: Luo Jiajia , Chen Zhijian , Huang Rui , Wu Yuanhang , Liu Chun , Cai Zeping , Dong Rongshu , Arango Jacobo , Rao Idupulapati Madhusudana , Schultze‐Kraft Rainer , Liu Guodao , Liu Pandao
Published: November 2023

Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume known for its exceptional tolerance to low phosphate (Pi), a trait believed to be linked to its high acid phosphatase (APase) activity. Previous studies have observed genotypic variations in APase activity in stylo; however, the gene encoding the crucial APase responsible for this variation remains unidentified. In this study, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were employed to identify eight Pi starvation‐inducible (PSI) APases belonging to the purple APase (PAP) family in the roots of stylo and seven in the leaves. Among these PSI‐PAPs, SgPAP7 exhibited a significantly positive correlation in its expression levels with the activities of both internal APase and root‐associated APase across 20 stylo genotypes under low‐Pi conditions. Furthermore, the recombinant SgPAP7 displayed high catalytic activity toward adenosine 5′‐diphosphate (ADP) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in vitro. Overexpression (OE) of SgPAP7 in Arabidopsis facilitated exogenous organic phosphorus utilization. Moreover, SgPAP7 OE lines showed lower shoot ADP and PEP levels than the wild type, implying that SgPAP7 is involved in the catabolism and recycling of endogenous ADP and PEP, which could be beneficial for plant growth in low‐Pi soils. In conclusion, SgPAP7 is a key gene with a major role in stylo adaptation to low‐Pi conditions by facilitating the utilization of both exogenous and endogenous organic phosphorus sources. It may also function as a PEP phosphatase involved in a glycolytic bypass pathway that minimizes the need for adenylates and Pi. Thus, SgPAP7 could be a promising target for improving tolerance of crops to low‐Pi availability.
Cotton GhNAC4 promotes drought tolerance by regulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis and ribosomal protein homeostasis
Authors: Jin Xuanxiang , Chai Qichao , Liu Chuchu , Niu Xin , Li Weixi , Shang Xiaoguang , Gu Aixing , Zhang Dayong , Guo Wangzhen
Published: November 2023

Drought has a severe impact on the quality and yield of cotton. Deciphering the key genes related to drought tolerance is important for understanding the regulation mechanism of drought stress and breeding drought‐tolerant cotton cultivars. Several studies have demonstrated that NAC transcription factors are crucial in the regulation of drought stress, however, the related functional mechanisms are still largely unexplored. Here, we identified that NAC transcription factor GhNAC4 positively regulated drought stress tolerance in cotton. The expression of GhNAC4 was significantly induced by abiotic stress and plant hormones. Silencing of GhNAC4 distinctly impaired the resistance to drought stress and overexpressing GhNAC4 in cotton significantly enhanced the stress tolerance. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that overexpression of GhNAC4 enriched the expression of genes associated with the biosynthesis of secondary cell walls and ribosomal proteins. We confirmed that GhNAC4 positively activated the expressions of GhNST1, a master regulator reported previously in secondary cell wall formation, and two ribosomal protein‐encoding genes GhRPL12 and GhRPL18p, by directly binding to their promoter regions. Overexpression of GhNAC4 promoted the expression of downstream genes associated with the secondary wall biosynthesis, resulting in enhancing secondary wall deposition in the roots, and silencing of GhRPL12 and GhRPL18p significantly impaired the resistance to drought stress. Taken together, our study reveals a novel pathway mediated by GhNAC4 that promotes secondary cell wall biosynthesis to strengthen secondary wall development and regulates the expression of ribosomal protein‐encoding genes to maintain translation stability, which ultimately enhances drought tolerance in cotton.
Influence of antiseptic lavage during tibial plateau leveling osteotomies on surgical site infection in 1422 dogs
Authors: Sanders Brittany D. , McDonald‐Lynch Mischa , Kruse Meghan A.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To determine the influence of preclosure antiseptic versus saline lavage on surgical site infections (SSI) in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Study design

A multicenter retrospective study.

Sample population

Dogs treated with TPLO (n = 1422) between December 2019 and October 2021.

Methods

The medical records of dogs treated with TPLO were reviewed for preclosure antiseptic lavage or saline irrigation. Additional collected data included signalment, unilateral or bilateral TPLO, postoperative administration of antimicrobial medications, antibiotic agent, surgeon, and development of SSI within 90 postoperative days. Eleven factors were analyzed for association with SSI using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Data were collected from the records of 519 dogs treated with antiseptic lavage and 903 dogs treated with saline lavage during TPLO. Surgical site infections were diagnosed more frequently in dogs that received preclosure antiseptic lavage (77/519, 14.84%) than those with saline irrigation (80/903, 8.86%) (p = .001). Single session bilateral TPLO increased the odds of SSI by 2.5x (p = .004). The odds of SSI increased by 11% (p = .001) for every 5 kg increase in bodyweight. Postoperative administration of antimicrobials decreased the risk of SSI (p = .008).

Conclusion

The preclosure antiseptic lavage tested here did not decrease the incidence of SSI after TPLO.

Clinical significance

The results of this study do not provide evidence to support preclosure antiseptic lavage during TPLOs.
Prospects for dog rabies elimination in Nigeria by 2030
Authors: Abubakar Ahmed Tijani , Al‐Mustapha Ahmad Ibrahim , Oyewo Muftau , Ibrahim Ahmed , Abdulrahim Ibrahim , Yakub Jimoh Muhammad , Elelu Nusirat , Nguku Patrick , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Awosanya Emmanuel Jolaoluwa , Kia Grace Sabo Nok , Kwaga Jacob K. P. , Okoli Ihekerenma , Bolajoko Muhammad Bashir , Alimi Yewande , Mbilo Celine , Dacheux Laurent
Published: November 2023

The attainment of the global target of zero dog‐mediated human rabies by 2030 depends on functional rabies programmes. Nigeria, a rabies‐endemic country, and the most populous country in Africa has a very poor rabies control strategy with a score of 1.5 out of 5 based on the Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination (SARE). In this article, we report a scoping review that we conducted to highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as well as situational analysis of rabies control in Nigeria and suggest a timeline for key activities that are needed to ensure zero by 30. Our findings reveal that rabies is grossly under‐reported as only 998 human and 273 dog‐suspected rabies cases were reported across Nigeria between 2017 and 2022. Our literature review also demonstrates a paucity of information on rabies in both human and animal health sectors. A total of 49 studies on dog rabies in Nigeria, with a predominance of reports from the North Central geopolitical region (48%, n = 23) were therefore included in this study. Currently, only 16.2% (n = 6/37) of Nigerian states have available data related to the estimated dog populations, the dog ownership rates, the vaccination status of dogs or the incidence of dog bites. Based on a dog‐to‐human ratio of 1:16.3, we estimated that the dog population in Nigeria was 12,969,368 (95% CI: 12,320,900‐13,617,836). Thus, to attain herd immunity and dog rabies control in Nigeria, at least 9.1 million dogs must be vaccinated annually. Our review reveals that, despite the strengths and available opportunities to achieve rabies control in Nigeria by 2030, the weaknesses and challenges will make the attainment of zero by 30 very difficult or impossible. Nigeria's best‐case scenario by the year 2030 is SARE stage 3–4 (control–elimination) out of 5. Otherwise, the rabies control programme might not surpass SARE stages 2–3. To attain zero by 30, Nigeria must re‐strategize its current rabies control programme by funding and implementing the national strategic plan for rabies control, creating a rabies desk office in the 37 states (FCT inclusive), rigorously conducting mass vaccination campaigns, providing post‐exposure prophylaxis, prioritizing mass enlightenment with a focus on responsible pet ownership and conduct baseline national rabies surveillance in the animal and human health sectors.
Torsion and twists of abelian varieties
Authors: Melistas Mentzelos
Published: November 2023

In this article, we investigate the possible torsion subgroups of twists of abelian varieties with good reduction. As an application, we prove a theorem concerning ramified primes over any quadratic extension where odd‐order torsion growth is achieved. In particular, we show that for every rational elliptic curve and every imaginary quadratic field not equal to satisfying the Heegner hypothesis, no odd‐order torsion growth can occur.
The potassium–glycogen interaction on force and excitability in mouse skeletal muscle: implications for fatigue
Authors: Cairns Simeon P. , Renaud Jean‐Marc
Published: November 2023

A reduced muscle glycogen content and potassium (K+) disturbances across muscle membranes occur concomitantly during repeated intense exercise and together may contribute to skeletal muscle fatigue. Therefore, we examined whether raised extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) (4 to 11 mM) interacts with lowered glycogen to reduce force production. Isometric contractions were evoked in isolated mouse soleus muscles (37°C) using direct supramaximal field stimulation. (1) Glycogen declined markedly in non‐fatigued muscle with >2 h exposure in glucose‐free physiological saline compared with control solutions (11 mM glucose), i.e. to <45% control. (2) Severe glycogen depletion was associated with increased 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase activity, indicative of metabolic stress. (3) The decline of peak tetanic force at 11 mM [K+]o was exacerbated from 67% initial at normal glycogen to 22% initial at lowered glycogen. This was due to a higher percentage of inexcitable fibres (71% vs. 43%), yet without greater sarcolemmal depolarisation or smaller amplitude action potentials. (4) Returning glucose while at 11 mM [K+]o increased both glycogen and force. (5) Exposure to 4 mM [K+]o glucose‐free solutions (15 min) did not increase fatiguability during repeated tetani; however, after recovery there was a greater force decline at 11 mM [K+]o at lower than normal glycogen. (6) An important exponential relationship was established between relative peak tetanic force at 11 mM [K+]o and muscle glycogen content. These findings provide direct evidence of a synergistic interaction between raised [K+]o and lowered muscle glycogen as the latter shifts the peak tetanic force–resting EM relationship towards more negative resting EM due to lowered sarcolemmal excitability, which hence may contribute to muscle fatigue.

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Key points

Diminished muscle glycogen levels and raised extracellular potassium concentrations ([K+]o) occur simultaneously during intense exercise and together may contribute to muscle fatigue.

Prolonged exposure of isolated non‐fatigued soleus muscles of mice to glucose‐free physiological saline solutions markedly lowered muscle glycogen levels, as does fatigue then recovery in glucose‐free solutions. For both approaches, the subsequent decline of maximal force at 11 mM [K+]o, which mimics interstitial [K+] levels during intense exercise, was exacerbated at lowered compared with normal glycogen. This was mainly due to many more muscle fibres becoming inexcitable.

We established an important relationship that provides evidence of a synergistic interaction between raised [K+]o and lowered glycogen content to reduce force production.

This paper indicates that partially lowered muscle glycogen (and/or metabolic stress) together with elevated interstitial [K+] interactively lowers muscle force, and hence may diminish performance especially during repeated high‐intensity exercise.
Energy Contribution Study of Blade Cavitation Control by Obstacles in a Waterjet Pump Based on mPOD and EEMD
Authors: Zhao Guoshou , Liang Ning , Li Qianqian , Dong Wei , Cao Linlin , Wu Dazhuan
Published: November 2023

It has been confirmed that the passive obstacles would substantially depress the leading-edge cavitation in a waterjet pump. Combined with the experiments and numerical simulations, this work revisits blade cavitation evolutions to demonstrate the stabilizing effects of obstacles on cavitation unsteadiness. The multiscale proper orthogonal decomposition (mPOD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) are adopted to study the energy contributions regarding the cavitation-induced loading and thrust. The mPOD modes illuminate that the leading-edge loading oscillations of the obstacle blade are consequently eliminated where the cavitation is completely depressed and the obstacle cavitation wakes greatly contribute to loading excitation. The thrust statistics demonstrate that the thrust extremes and standard deviation in some revolutions can be well reduced as the large-scale leading-edge cavity depression. The adaptive spectra obtained by EEMD further illuminate that both the tonal and broadband components of blade thrust would be reasonably degraded to some degree. The pump with only one obstacle implementation, as an improvement strategy, is comparatively studied and indicates that single obstacle configuration presents positive effects on the leading-edge cavity depression owing to the pressure-raising effects and can reduce the un-necessary energy loss compared with two obstacles.
Numerical Studies on the Oil Film Thickness in the Case of Stratified Flow With Different Oil–Water Flow Combinations Through Sudden Contraction Tube
Authors: Momin Mushtaque , Mahindar Soham , Rahmani Faisal , Sharma Mukesh
Published: November 2023

Most of the oil transportation industries deal with liquid–liquid flow considering the adiabatic situation. In such applications, film thickness measurement plays a very significant role in understanding the flow characteristics. The distribution of phases for efficient wall treatment and to understand the phase distribution, measurement of film thickness is very important. Among different flow patterns, stratified flow is most common for low and medium viscous oil–water flow. At lower oil velocities, stratified flow is observed downstream of singularity whereas in the upstream section, stratified flow is observed for low to medium oil velocities and high-water superficial velocity. Variation of oil film thickness for stratified flow has been analyzed in this study. Results show that oil film thickness decreases with the increase in the superficial velocity of water (Us-Water) for a constant oil superficial velocity (Us-Oil). With the increase in the volume fraction of one phase, the film thickness of that phase increases. As Us-Oil increases, the film thickness of oil also increases for a constant Us-Water. Oil film thickness is directly proportional to the viscosity of oils. This means, the more the viscosity of the oil, the more will be the oil film thickness.
Transfer Learning for Predictive Quality in Laser-Induced Plasma Micro-Machining
Authors: Chen Mengfei , Malhotra Rajiv , Guo Weihong “Grace”
Published: November 2023

In laser-induced plasma micromachining (LIPMM), a focused, ultrashort pulsed laser beam creates a highly localized plasma zone within a transparent liquid dielectric. When the beam intensity is greater than the breakdown threshold in the dielectric media, plasma is formed, which is then used to ablate the workpiece. This paper aims to facilitate in situ process monitoring and quality prediction for LIPMM by developing a deep learning model to (1) understand the relationship between acoustic emission data and quality of micromachining with LIPMM, (2) transfer such understanding across different process parameters, and (3) predict quality accurately by fine-tuning models with a smaller dataset. Experiments and results show that the relationship learned from one process parameter can be transferred to other parameters, requiring lesser data and lesser computational time for training the model. We investigate the feasibility of transfer learning and compare the performance of various transfer learning models: different input features, different convolutional neural network (CNN) structures, and the same structure with different fine-tuned layers. The findings provide insights into how to design effective transfer learning models for manufacturing applications.
Experimental Investigations on the Development of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite of Al7075 on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Dry Sliding Aspects
Authors: Lovevanshi Bhagwan Singh , Soni P. K. , Dixit Savita
Published: November 2023

This research work aims to synthesize a hybrid Al7075 metal matrix composite reinforced with sustainable and synthetic reinforcement. With the employment of an ultrasonic transducer, two-stage stir casting is used to synthesize composite materials. The prepared samples were machined and polished for mechanical, tribological, and microstructural characterization. Optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy with elemental mapping were used to analyze the microstructure of the composite material. The microstructural examination revealed the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement particles throughout the matrix. With the incorporation of reinforcement, the synthesized composite's compressive strength and micro-hardness were both increased, and the highest values were found to be 569.172 MPa and 178.86 HV, respectively, in one of the samples (B3 sample) as compared to as-cast Al7075 alloy. Tribological examination of composite samples shows that wear-rate enhances with an increase in the content of reinforcement. The wear resistance of sample B3 is highest among all prepared composite samples. Wear debris, grooves, micro-cracks, and small pits were observed on the worn-out surfaces of the samples by field emission scanning electron microscope analysis.