bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titan: Earth-like on the Outside, Ocean World on the Inside
Authors: MacKenzie Shannon M. , Birch Samuel P. D. , Hörst Sarah , Sotin Christophe , Barth Erika , Lora Juan M. , Trainer Melissa G. , Corlies Paul , Malaska Michael J. , Sciamma-O’Brien Ella , Thelen Alexander E. , Turtle Elizabeth , Radebaugh Jani , Hanley Jennifer , Solomonidou Anezina , Newman Claire , Regoli Leonardo , Rodriguez Sébastien , Seignovert Benôit , Hayes Alexander G. , Journaux Baptiste , Steckloff Jordan , Nna-Mvondo Delphine , Cornet Thomas , Palmer Maureen Y. , Lopes Rosaly M. C. , Vinatier Sandrine , Lorenz Ralph , Nixon Conor , Czaplinski Ellen , Barnes Jason W. , Sittler Ed , Coates Andrew
Published: June 2021

Thanks to the Cassini–Huygens mission, Titan, the pale orange dot of Pioneer and Voyager encounters, has been revealed to be a dynamic, hydrologically shaped, organic-rich ocean world offering unparalleled opportunities to explore prebiotic chemistry. And while Cassini–Huygens revolutionized our understanding of each of the three “layers” of Titan—the atmosphere, the surface, and the interior—we are only beginning to hypothesize how these realms interact. In this paper, we summarize the current state of Titan knowledge and discuss how future exploration of Titan would address some of the next decade’s most compelling planetary science questions. We also demonstrate why exploring Titan, both with and beyond the Dragonfly New Frontiers mission, is a necessary and complementary component of an Ocean Worlds Program that seeks to understand whether habitable environments exist elsewhere in our solar system.
The Brittle Boulders of Dwarf Planet Ceres
Authors: Schröder Stefan E. , Carsenty Uri , Hauber Ernst , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T.
Published: June 2021

We mapped all boulders larger than 105 m on the surface of dwarf planet Ceres using images of the Dawn framing camera acquired in the Low Altitude Mapping Orbit. We find that boulders on Ceres are more numerous toward high latitudes and have a maximum lifetime of 150 ± 50 Ma, based on crater counts. These characteristics are distinctly different from those of boulders on asteroid (4) Vesta, an earlier target of Dawn, which implies that Ceres’ boulders are mechanically weaker. Clues to their properties can be found in the composition of Ceres’ complex crust, which is rich in phyllosilicates and salts. As water ice is thought to be present only meters below the surface, we suggest that boulders also harbor ice. Furthermore, the boulder size–frequency distribution is best fit by a Weibull distribution rather than the customary power law, just like for Vesta boulders. This finding is robust in light of possible types of size measurement error.
Between approval and disapproval: Citizens’ views on the invasive tree Ailanthus altissima and its management
Authors: Kowarik Ingo , Straka Tanja M. , Lehmann Mario , Studnitzky Rafael , Fischer Leonie K.
Published: June 2021

While cities are invasion hotspots, the view of urban residents on non-native species is critically understudied – an important knowledge gap since strategies on biological invasions could gain power by integrating human values, attitudes and perceptions. How citizens perceive the non-native tree Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) is unknown despite its abundance in many cities globally and its classification as invasive in many countries. In a quantitative survey with closed questions, we analysed (i) whether residents of Berlin, Germany knew the widespread species, (ii) how they perceived it in different urban situations, (iii) how they accepted different management strategies of it, and (iv) how the sociodemographic background of respondents predicted their preference and acceptability ratings.

In total, we surveyed 196 respondents. Most respondents recognized the tree in a photograph, but few provided its correct name. Citizens’ preferences differed significantly among four urban contexts in which the species was shown, with prevailing approval for trees as a component of designed green spaces and less pronounced preferences for wild-grown trees in other urban spaces. When respondents were asked to indicate how the tree should be managed (three options), we found the most support for removal in problematic cases (‘adaptive on-site’ strategy); some support was found for the ‘leave alone’ strategy and least support for the ‘complete removal’ management strategy. Practitioners with expertise in urban landscaping were more critical of Ailanthus than laypeople. Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that respondents with a ‘close to nature’ behaviour and attitude had a more positive view on Ailanthus and expressed more support for ‘leave alone’ management. Results demonstrate the importance of citizens’ context dependent views about a widespread invasive species, spanning from approval to disapproval in different situations. We conclude that urban management strategies concerning Ailanthus would gain support from citizens when combining multiple approaches: (i) to control the species in case of realized negative impacts; (ii) to prevent the invasion of the species in areas of conservation concern; and (iii) to develop novel approaches of integrating wild Ailanthus trees into urban green spaces. These insights could support management measures that need to be established due to the EU-Regulation on Invasive Alien Species.
Des villes communistes face à l’éducation prioritaire, entre engagement marqué et refus (1981-1984)
Authors: Heurdier Lydie , Bongrand Philippe
Published: June 2021

Contrairement à une opinion commune, le Parti communiste français a bien encouragé la mise en place de la politique d’éducation prioritaire créée par le ministre socialiste Alain Savary en 1981-1982. Après l’avoir démontré à partir de la revue officielle du parti, L’école et la nation , l’article analyse la mise en œuvre de cette politique par trois municipalités communistes ayant adopté des postures contrastées. L’étude d’Aubervilliers, Le Havre et Orly, à partir de procès-verbaux de conseils municipaux, de la presse municipale et de témoignages, montre que les relations entre les élus locaux et les enseignants y ont été décisives, les élus disposant en outre d’une large autonomie.
De la décentralisation de l’éducation aux politiques éducatives locales en France : comment traiter en sciences sociales un objet en mutation ?
Authors: Ferhat Ismail
Published: June 2021

Cette note de synthèse souhaite présenter la manière dont les sciences sociales se sont intéressées à la décentralisation de l’école en France. Elle s’appuie sur une approche quantitative et qualitative de la bibliographie existante en langue française. Objet complexe, puisque le processus est en cours depuis 1982, la décentralisation de l’éducation a longtemps été étudiée à l’intersection de l’analyse savante et de l’expertise des politiques publiques, avant d’être saisie – non sans débat – par les sciences sociales. Avec la reconnaissance accrue des collectivités locales depuis les lois dite Defferre, la question des politiques éducatives locales constitue un thème montant des études.
Le pouvoir de l’excuse dans la récupération de service
Authors: Chtourou Anis
Published: June 2021

L’excuse représente une stratégie de récupération de service très performante qui peut agir comme catalyseur afin de dissiper les effets négatifs d’un incident et susciter le pardon du client. Cependant, elle n’est pas toujours efficace. Alors que certaines recherches montrent que l’excuse mène au pardon et au rétablissement de la relation entre consommateurs et entreprises, d'autres soulignent l’absence d’impacts sur la récupération de service. La majorité des recherches a étudié l’excuse comme une variable binaire (présence versus absence d’excuse), ce qui ne permet pas de cerner les conditions selon lesquelles la présentation d’excuse pourrait être une stratégie de récupération efficace. Cette recherche met le cap sur l’excuse en tant que stratégie de récupération symbolique. Elle montre l’importance de prendre en considération ses différentes composantes afin de mieux cerner les conditions de son succès.
Soft-sell versus hard-sell : quelle approche publicitaire dans les pays arabo-musulmans ? Une étude exploratoire au Maroc et en Arabie Saoudite
Authors: El Bardai Habiba
Published: June 2021

Cet article vise à étudier les pratiques publicitaires dans le contexte arabo-musulman, et plus particulièrement, à identifier si une approche publicitaire ( soft-sell versus hard-sell ) est privilégiée par les annonceurs. En s’appuyant sur une grille d’observation construite à l’aide de la théorie d’Okazaki et al . (2010), une analyse de contenu est menée sur un corpus de 18 publicités diffusées au Maroc et en Arabie Saoudite. Les résultats montrent que les pratiques publicitaires au Maroc et en Arabie Saoudite sont relativement similaires et s’orientent vers l’adoption d’une approche publicitaire hard-sell qui se focalise essentiellement sur la présentation des éléments factuels de l’offre. En conclusion, sont soulignés les apports de cette recherche, ses limites, ses implications managériales ainsi que les voies de recherche qui émergent de cette étude exploratoire.
Bâtir à la vitesse grand V, une solution risquée ?
Authors: Ika Lavagnon , Paché Gilles
Published: June 2021

Frappés de plein fouet par la pandémie de COVID-19, plusieurs gouvernements ont pris des décisions pour soutenir l’économie. Au Québec, le projet de loi 66 adopté en décembre 2020 met l’accent sur un programme ambitieux de grands projets d’infrastructures, notamment pour en accélérer l’exécution et pour sauver les emplois. Cependant, a-t-on vraiment pris conscience des contraintes temporelles inhérentes à de tels projets ?
Luc de Brabandere : l’homme qui jongle avec les boîtes à penser
Authors: Auger Claudine
Published: June 2021

Se désignant lui-même comme un philosophe d’entreprise, Luc de Brabandere accompagne les dirigeants dans leur quête de créativité et d’innovation. Point de départ de cette démarche exigeante : distinguer pensée créative et activité d’innovation.
The effect of spatial variables on the basic reproduction ratio for a reaction-diffusion epidemic model
Authors: Yang Tianhui , Qarariyah Ammar , Yang Qigui
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the influence of spatial-dependent variables on the basic reproduction ratio (\begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0 $\end{document}) for a scalar reaction-diffusion equation model. We first investigate the principal eigenvalue of a weighted eigenvalue problem and show the influence of spatial variables. We then apply these results to study the effect of spatial heterogeneity and dimension on the basic reproduction ratio for a spatial model of rabies. Numerical simulations also reveal the complicated effects of the spatial variables on \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0 $\end{document} in two dimensions.
La cronología de la necrópolis de La Orden-Seminario (Huelva). Temporalidades de la actividad funeraria en las sepulturas del III milenio cal BC
Authors: Linares-Catela José Antonio , Vera-Rodríguez Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

Este estudio tiene por objeto determinar la cronología de la necrópolis de La Orden-Seminario. La investigación ha combinado el análisis estratigráfico con el modelo estadístico bayesiano de 17 dataciones radiocarbónicas efectuadas sobre restos antropológicos de tres tumbas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto: a) la biografía funeraria de cada tumba; b) las etapas de uso de las sepulturas; c) dos fases de actividad en la necrópolis. La primera fase, ca. 3000-2400/2300 cal BC, es de sepulturas colectivas. Su mayor intensidad de uso se registra entre las centurias 27 y 25 cal BC, concentrándose los enterramientos de una sola generación o de cuatro o cinco en cada nivel funerario. La segunda fase, ca. 2300-1900 cal BC, es de tumbas individuales implantadas en los viejos sepulcros colectivos. Se corresponde con un peculiar monumentalismo sustentado en la reapropiación de los espacios ancestrales y en la articulación de rituales desiguales. Esta secuencia diacrónica refleja procesos afines a las diversas dinámicas temporales del megalitismo del sur de la península ibérica en el III milenio cal BC.
La prise en compte des élèves à « besoins éducatifs particuliers » au prisme des récits de pratiques enseignantes : les logiques en jeu en contexte d’école inclusive
Authors: Galasso-Chaudet Nicole , Bergier Bertrand
Published: June 2021

Partant d’une exploration chronologique et sémantique des textes de loi et de l’historique de la désignation des élèves différents – aujourd’hui nommés à « besoins éducatifs particuliers » –, nous faisons ressortir trois grandes périodes qui déterminent trois types d’école : « l’école ségrégative », « l’école intégrative » et « l’école inclusive ». Ces trois phases d’évolutions prennent sens dans les registres de justifications qui permettent de situer les évolutions et les changements dans les termes que les sociologues, Boltanski et Thévenot (1987), ont employés pour décrire des modèles de compétence sociale plus généraux : le « monde civique », le « monde domestique » et le « monde industriel » encore appelés « modèles » ou « logiques » (Derouet, 1988). Dans le contexte actuel de « l’école inclusive », nous avons voulu « rencontrer » les enseignants de classe ordinaire concernant la prise en compte des élèves à « besoins éducatifs particuliers ». La méthodologie des récits de pratiques (Bertaux, 1976) nous permet de recueillir ce que les enseignants du premier degré disent de leurs pratiques, dans les petits faits du quotidien. Nous montrons alors, en référence aux différents « mondes » (Boltanski &Thévenot, 1991) et à partir de l’analyse de ces récits, comment les logiques d’action (ibid.) en jeu se manifestent et selon quels montages composites (Derouet, 1988) au cœur des pratiques enseignantes. Ainsi, en étudiant l’engagement des enseignants dans les situations d’inclusion (Galasso-Chaudet, 2013), la recherche menée apporte des outils pour une meilleure compréhension du travail des professeurs des écoles.
Langage et construction de règles en jeux collectifs
Authors: Darnis Florence , Lafont Lucile
Published: June 2021

Cette recherche collaborative se situe dans une perspective socioconstructiviste de la didactique des sports collectifs. Des élèves de cours préparatoire (6-7ans) alternent des séances d’éducation physique en jeux collectifs et des séances de langage pour co-construire des règles d’action favorables à une amélioration de leurs compétences technico-tactiques, mais aussi de leurs compétences à débattre et à argumenter. L’analyse des résultats quantitatifs ainsi que du corpus interlocutoire montre que le langage est utilisé pour une meilleure compréhension du jeu. Les séances de langage en classe, organisées sous forme d’apprentissage coopératif, permettent une mise à distance de l’action pour la co-construction langagière de règles d’action.
Approche compréhensive de la tricherie en milieu scolaire : la parole aux lycéens tricheurs
Authors: Magogeat Quentin
Published: June 2021

La triche scolaire est un phénomène encore peu étudié en France. Face à l’absence de recherche sur ce thème dans le secondaire, il paraissait pertinent de mener une recherche compréhensive sur ces futurs étudiants que sont les lycéens. Cette étude donne alors la parole aux lycéens tricheurs afin de saisir les raisons pour lesquelles ils trichent. À partir d’entretiens, l’enquête révèle toute une série de raisons et de justifications mais envisage également la triche scolaire comme un moyen de construction identitaire pour les élèves ainsi que de développement de compétences spécifiques. Outre ces aspects, l’étude porte sur la dimension éthique de leur comportement en s’intéressant notamment à leur(s) manière(s) d’éviter tout sentiment de culpabilité.
Faire de la recherche fondamentale de terrain ou la nécessité d’instituer une relation de consubstantialité entre visées scientifiques et technologiques
Authors: Chaliès Sébastien , Bertone Stefano
Published: June 2021

Cet article propose une construction originale pour parvenir à substituer une relation de consubstantialité à la relation de codétermination jusqu’ici privilégiée entre les visées scientifiques et technologiques des travaux menés sur la formation des adultes. Il explicite dans un premier temps en quoi d’un point de vue épistémologique chercheurs et professionnels partagent une enquête spéculative faisant substance partagée pour eux sans pour autant recouvrir leurs attributs singuliers. Sur cette base, il détaille et justifie les conditions méthodologiques de « négociation », de « signification » et de « transformation » nécessaires à la réalisation de cette enquête. Enfin, il propose une concrétisation de ces conditions par la déclinaison de choix de méthode opérants.
Dynamiques sociospatiales du quartier et parcours scolaires
Authors: Canisius Kamanzi Pierre , Uzenat Morgane , St-Onge Marianne
Published: June 2021

Cette note de synthèse s’intéresse aux résultats de recherches théoriques et empiriques analysant l’influence des dynamiques sociospatiales des territoires et, plus particulièrement, aux effets de quartier sur les parcours scolaires des élèves. Si certains chercheurs se sont penchés sur l’influence des interactions sociales entre résidents et des caractéristiques socio-économiques observables des quartiers, d’autres se sont centrés sur les effets de la répartition de l’offre de formation sur un territoire donné, ainsi que sur les stratégies des familles pour accéder à des établissements de qualité. Bien que les auteurs adoptent des perspectives analytiques variées en fonction des contextes sociétaux et de leurs appartenances disciplinaires, les recherches présentent une relative convergence au sujet de l’existence d’un lien entre les parcours scolaires des élèves et certaines caractéristiques sociospatiales du lieu de résidence de leurs parents. La production et la reproduction sociales des inégalités scolaires ne sont pas seulement l’effet des disparités de ressources familiales (capital culturel, social et économique), mais également des caractéristiques du quartier de résidence ou de voisinage et de la répartition territoriale de l’offre de formation.
An Effectiveness Evaluation of the Oregon State Revised Basic Police Academy Curriculum
Authors: James Stephen , Heintzman-Yutzie Staci , James Lois
Published: June 2021

In 2013 the State of Oregon passed House Bill 3194—the Justice Reinvestment act—resulting in the creation of the Oregon Center for Policing Excellence. One goal of the center was to revise the curriculum for the statewide Basic Police Academy, with a focus on topics such as communications, crisis intervention, and procedural justice. This curriculum revision was then evaluated independently. A force option simulator was used to assess recruit interaction with community members; this allowed for a reliable and repeatable measurement tool to assess each cohort month after month. Evaluation of behavior changes in recruits from before to after curriculum revisions revealed significant improvements in key policing skills related to interacting with civilians in ways that build trust in police legitimacy, de-escalating hostile situations, and reducing the need for use of force. This chapter describes the curriculum revision in detail, presents results, and discusses them in light of police training moving forward.
Evidence-Based Instruction of Police Use of Force
Authors: Di Nota Paula M. , Andersen Judith P. , Huhta Juha-Matti , Gustafsberg Harri
Published: June 2021

A significant body of applied police research has investigated the effectiveness of various use of force (UOF) training approaches that traditionally cover decision making (i.e., shoot/no-shoot), situational awareness, and resilience. However, there remains a lack of established educational standards for police UOF instructors beyond physical and tactical competence, including pedagogical principles to promote effective learning. The authors aim to provide police agencies and UOF instructors around the world with a pragmatic framework of evidence-based training that promotes learning, retention, and practical application. The chapter begins with an overview of essential skills and knowledge related to UOF followed by identification of various methodological approaches suitable for instruction of both novice and expert police officers. The chapter will also outline a train the trainers instructor course that is currently offered at the Police University College of Finland. This chapter informs consistent and adequate pedagogical training for and by UOF instructors.
Introducing Mindfulness Training and Research Into Policing
Authors: Grupe Daniel W. , Smith Chris , McGehee Chad
Published: June 2021

The introduction of mindfulness practices into law enforcement has the potential for broad benefits for police officers and community members alike, but the impact of this work depends on careful consideration of contextual factors specific to conducting research and training in this population and environment. This chapter provides an overview of the authors' experiences over the past five years adapting, delivering, and studying the impact of mindfulness training in a Midwestern U.S. police agency. The authors detail strategies and practices that have proved beneficial in the implementation and uptake of this training. Themes that are addressed include developing diverse and meaningful partnerships, preparing outside researchers and trainers to work in a police context, adapting mindfulness for policing, and logistical issues. Key considerations for the future of mindfulness in policing include the challenge of widespread implementation and expanding the focus of research and training to encompass community well-being.
An Interview With Chief Johnson of the East Lansing, MI Police Department
Authors: Shankar Sneha
Published: June 2021

In this interview, Chief Johnson of the East Lansing Police Department, describes his journey of becoming the Chief of Police in East Lansing, MI. He discusses how his interests in law enforcement began and reflects on the changes observed within the police department and within the community over the last three decades. He provides insight into current police training procedures, the benefits of these in preparing new officers, and areas for improvement. In addition, Chief Johnson discusses his vision for the development of the police department, including the expansion of police training and the need for mental health integration to increase effectiveness. He observes the need for continued research in law enforcement to aid in the development of this field.
Managing the Hell Out of Organizational Trauma
Authors: O'Grady Kari A. , Orton J. Douglas , Moffitt Andrew
Published: June 2021

A vicarious 15-hike executive leadership resilience incubator in Mann Gulch, Montana, permits readers to upgrade their resilience leadership skills. Monday's hikes focus on sense-receiving, skills such as the leveraging of received national cosmologies, received community cosmologies, and received organizational cosmologies. Tuesday's hikes focus on sense-losing skills, moving from initial retentive sense-losing through a vicious cycle of selective sense-losing to the brutally honest audits of enactive sense-losing. Wednesday's hikes focus on sense-improvising skills by differentiating among temporality sense-improvising, identity sense-improvising, and social sense-improvising. Thursday's hikes focus on sense-remaking skills, moving from the enactive sense-remaking period through the virtuous cycle of selective sense-remaking to the retentive sense-remaking hinge between the catastrophe and the post-catastrophe. Friday's hikes focus on sense-transmitting skills, leveraging transmitted organizational cosmologies, transmitted community cosmologies, and transmitted national cosmologies. This chapter explores these five resilience leadership skills.
Healing Comes First
Authors: Brown Mike
Published: June 2021

“Job pressure” is the number one cause of stress according to The American Psychological Association. However, there has been no systematic transformation in business practice to intentionally establish stress-reducing psychosocial work environments and to stop the “churn and burn” of employment. Such stress is compounded and becomes a sort of combat stress for employees in high-risk, high-emotion professions. Healing Comes First is an analysis of the critical impact of work stress on the individual employee and organizational productivity. Using the Jobs Demand-Resource Model as a foundational framework, this chapter provides leaders a pathway forward from identifying symptoms of a “stressed out” work environment to enacting mitigating strategies to reduce work stress consequences. Furthermore, the chapter recommends the incorporation of trauma-sensitive practices and the creation of a positive psychosocial work environment to help mitigate the effects of work stress on productivity.
Proposition MRM
Authors: Wilmot Ann-Marie , Thompson Canute S.
Published: June 2021

This qualitative chapter, which used a case study design, sought to examine whether the leadership theory of proposition modelling, respect, and motivation, MRM, could be used as a framework to guide a primary school through and out of the trauma it was experiencing. Organizational traumas are natural occurrences that affect large and small organizations. They can be triggered by several factors such as mergers, acquisitions, staff retrenchment, interpersonal dysfunctionalities, and drastic change. The research found that by focusing on building trust, pursuing community engagements, managing conflicts, and building capacity, the principal was able to help the school community overcome its trauma. The chapter concludes that an essential ingredient in effective management of organizational trauma is building and maintaining trust, and this strategy is aided by engagement of stakeholders, respecting the collective wisdom, and meaningful power-sharing.
Police Officers
Authors: Eliasson Michelle N.
Published: June 2021

Police officers are exposed to many dangers on the job. Despite this, society may not intuitively consider officers to be victims. Research indicates officers experience various types of victimization on the job, and these victimizations can have direct and indirect physical, mental, and economic impacts on the officer. As a result of violent and nonviolent victimizations in the line of duty, there are negative consequences on officers' wellbeing. Despite this victimhood, police stories are not often headlined in the media, placed on political agendas, or discussed in local communities. Due to the lack of inclusion on these platforms, police officers are invisible victims. This chapter discusses how officers can be considered invisible victims and examines factors that address why society and officers themselves may not equate their experiences to victimization.
Violence Against Healthcare Workers
Authors: Blasdell Raleigh , Kilburn Michelle , Krieger-Sample Laura , Oakes Rhiannon
Published: June 2021

The focus of this chapter is violence against healthcare workers. Issues surrounding inconsistent definitions, various data collection strategies, and concerns of underreporting will be discussed. The prevalence of violence in regard to locations, perpetrators, and types of violence, as well as risk factors for violent behaviors will be identified. An examination of the impact of violence in this setting and current responses or strategies to address and prevent such violence concludes the chapter.
Where Are the Male Victims of Human Trafficking?
Authors: Faraldo-Cabana Patricia
Published: June 2021

Although male trafficking constitutes a considerable part of the human trafficking flow, men are rarely identified as victims. Victims of labor-related trafficking, mainly men, are being overlooked. The same happens with the marginal but not negligible percentage of male victims of sexual exploitation. Identification is crucial to promptly assist, support, and protect victims of trafficking. The overall objective of this chapter is to identify the causes and consequences of the invisibility of male victims of human trafficking. It aims to show the association of human trafficking with female non-citizens being trafficked for prostitution, combined with a securitarian approach to migration control, interferes with efforts to identify and protect all victims of human trafficking. As a result, male victims of human trafficking are prevented from accessing justice, thus rendering the transposition and implementation of the Palermo Protocol and the Anti-Trafficking Directive contradictory and ineffective.
Innocence Lost
Authors: Walsh Jeffrey A. , Krienert Jessie L.
Published: June 2021

The sexual abuse of students in grades K-12 by educators/school personnel is an understudied phenomenon in society. The present chapter explores and describes the extant empirical research on students sexually victimized by educators with an emphasis on offense prevalence, victim characteristics and behaviors, offender characteristics and behaviors, contextual incident characteristics, initiatives to address the problem, and shortcomings that impede awareness and knowledge. Shortcomings include a lack of national-level data collection, perception and delegitimization, transferring alleged offenders to other school systems, and reporting practices. This chapter provides readers with contemporary information on the scope and scale of educator sexual abuse through the description of these invisible victims, their offenders, and incident characteristics of the offense.
Understanding Elder Victimization and Best Practice Intervention Strategies
Authors: Dolinsky Beverly , Jerin Robert A.
Published: June 2021

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report 1 in 10 adults over the age of 60 have experienced some form of abuse including neglect and exploitation. However, these statistics are an underestimate. Professionals who interact with the elderly describe being reluctant to report abuse due to a lack of knowledge of elder abuse, the reporting process, and the resources available to support victims. The invisibility of elder abuse has only increased during the 2020 COVID pandemic due to the increased social isolation of older adults and understaffed, overburdened health and social systems. Cross-disciplinary education for healthcare and social service practitioners, law enforcement, court personnel, families, and the older adults themselves is an essential component to identify and prevent elder abuse. This chapter provides an overview of elder abuse and neglect categories, risk factors, and best practice interventions advocated for addressing elder victimization.
The Victimization of Transgender Individuals
Authors: Fox Dean , Sims Barbara
Published: June 2021

The victimization of transgender individuals is not always present in reported crime statistics. The victimizations experienced by this population are often invisible and suffered in isolation. There are many reasons why transgender people do not report their victimization, either to family members and friends or to the various institutions of society such as the police, the physical and/or mental health community, or to other social services providers. The authors explore what is currently known about the extent and nature of the victimization of transgender individuals. They explore the research associated with the role race/ethnicity plays in transgender victimizations, the nuances of victimizations that occur within intimate relationships, the response of the criminal justice system, and the impact of victimization on the transgender community. Possible solutions to the problems identified in the chapter are addressed, not the least of which is to dispel many of the myths associated with transgender individuals.
The Victimization and Disparate Treatment of Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Oakes Rhiannon , Oakeley Annie K. , Goke-Pariola Rola
Published: June 2021

This chapter focuses on the victimization of racial and ethnic minorities and the disparate treatment they face within the criminal justice system. Factors that contribute to these issues, such as hate crimes, intersectionality, implicit bias, and the school-to-prison pipeline, will be discussed. The ways in which the media and society at large respond to these matters will be identified. An exploration of how victimization of racial and ethnic minorities differs around the world concludes the chapter.
Bioentrepreneurship
Authors: Rao Sunita , Gupta Avinash , Garg Gajra
Published: June 2021

The current image of biotechnology in developed countries is practiced at an adequate grade, but the greater part of developing countries is still miserable and far from its future vision. This current gap needs to be filled in some aspects via bioentreprneurship, which is fundamental for the development of the economy, provides a source of welfare with economic growth, promising to bring the social well-being and environment friendliness or all-over sustainable development. As a result, it can generate revenue in a community business, and henceforth, it must be very worthy for biotechnology. Developing nations can indeed turn out to be emerging players in the modern bioeconomy. The advancements in emerging stages towards this issue ought to be an acceptable solution that would be viable in long run. The relevance of bioentrepreneurship to sustainability is conceptualized in the connection with current emerging aspects in developing nations.
Bioentrepreneurship Market Development
Authors: Bhaskar Archana
Published: June 2021

Bioentrepreneurship is a biological entity related to sciences that creates, builds, and acquires profit to establish a business. At present, the biggest challenges for bioentrepreneurs is to stand out from their competitors. There are various function that bioentrepreneurs apply to their businesses to be unique, such as marketing. Marketing includes product development, distribution methods, sales, advertising, etc. Despite of all these efforts, entrepreneurs are still facing a problem to sell products as the consumer preference and need is changing day by day. Therefore, to succeed in business today, it is very important to develop new strategies to change the existing products in order to provide good service to the consumers and retain the business. The process taken by the company to develop the existing market is known as market development. This chapter will focus on market development and selling the product according to consumer needs.
Bioentrepreneurship in Medical Biotechnology
Authors: Sharma Neeti
Published: June 2021

Being a developing sector, biotechnology combines both medical science and various facets of a sustainable environment. Scientific innovations from academics and industry contribute towards the rise of bioentrepreneurship across the world. Medical biotechnology helps the treatment and prevention of human diseases by using living cells and cell materials to research and produce pharmaceutical and diagnostic products. It requires incubation of research, product, and its yield for the improvement of humans to transform medical research into an entrepreneurial industry. Biotechnology provides an opportunity for entrepreneurs to harness the power of genomics for the development and marketing of new therapeutics. These opportunities allow entrepreneurs to visualize the creation of both disruptive business and disruptive technologies for today's business models. This chapter will summarize multiple features of entrepreneurship in the biotechnology industry in combination with other industries and will explain the significance of bio-entrepreneurship in the field of medical biotechnology.
Power, Authority, and Leginitmacy in Times of Lockdown
Authors: Larise Dunja
Published: June 2021

The 2020/21 COVID-19 crisis demonstrates the intricate relation between power, authority, and legitimacy. The strategy chosen to confront the COVID-19 pandemic was a historically unprecedented global lockdown on social and economic reproduction. The global lockdown produced another social and economic crisis of yet unforeseeable magnitude. This article sets off with the question about the nature of power that informed the political decision-making in the deliberation of the appropriate strategies in confronting the global pandemic and the structure of authority that deliberated, implemented, and legitimated the chosen strategies. The answers have to do with the specific allocation of power in the 21st century: economic capital, imaginary social orders, and institutional settings. It concludes by identifying three main patterns: the expertization of knowledge and technocratic global governance, the triumph of Rawlsian liberal ethics, and the rise of a new global accumulation regime.
Courts, COVID-19, and the Indigenous People
Authors: Junior Hermes Zaneti , Santana Gonçalves Filho Edilson , Rodrigues Vinícius Henrique , Nascimento Fabiane Costa
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to analyze how the government and the Brazilian Supreme Court are dealing specifically with the situation of indigenous people in the global pandemic scenario of COVID-19. The Brazilian indigenous people, a group vulnerable and marginalized, face specific and even greater problems in the fight against coronavirus for several historic reasons, such as the existence of trespassers in their lands, logistics for the treatment of the disease in remote locations, and misleadings and failures, commissive and omissive, in public policies, potentialized for the socio-epidemiological characteristics of the group. This study will turn to the analysis of the constitutional remedy filed by Articulation of Indigenous People of Brazil (ADPF 709) and the Brazilian Supreme Court structural injunction relief with the objective that the government take specific measures to protect the indigenous people in the global pandemic scenario. The Court ruled to establishing sanitary barriers, determining a situation room and a mixed monitoring committee, among another measures.
Labour Market Challenges Amidst the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Abu Rahim Mohd Amirul Rafiq , Abdul Wahab Diana , Jani Rohana , Aimran Nazim
Published: June 2021

The chapter discussed the reasons for the labour market vulnerability of youth and the challenges they face amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. While youth have been experiencing unsatisfactory progress in the labour market, the pandemic crisis has worsened it. Challenges in the labour market outcome include higher youth unemployment, financial instability (due to low wages and decrease in monthly income), labour market skill mismatch, low quality of jobs, and difficulties in school-to-work transitions, which threaten to widen the pre-existing challenges. This chapter also discussed remedial actions on policy options and interventions to the labour market to alleviate those challenges. The vulnerability of youths must be identified, heard, and targeted with proper measures to address the challenges that the young workers face in the current labour market.
Impact of COVID-19 on Sex Workers and the Transgender Population in India
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Dandona Anu
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 global health crisis has led to inexplicit responses from the communities on the psycho-social as well as psychological domains. The imposition of various restrictions including physical distancing norms have been reported to have caused a catastrophic impact on the lives of sexual and gender minorities. With their source of employment lost at the gravity of the pandemic accompanied with dreadful instances of stigma and discrimination projected onto them, the transgender and sex worker communities have been bearing the brunt of inequality since the outbreak of the pandemic. Bridging the gap between the studies highlighting the plight of marginalized communities in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study would advance the knowledge into their experiences and struggles. The aim of the study is to fill the gap in literature pertaining to the understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on transgenders and sex workers in India.
Sustainable Business and Collaboration Driven by Big Data Analytics Amidst the Emergence of the Remote Work Culture
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Edghiem Farag
Published: June 2021

There have been many digital advancements that have helped facilitate digital transformation, such as the web's transformation. Many organisations, large and small, have recognised the power of the participatory web to improve productivity and efficiency. However, until recently, it has had little focus in the business and management literature in facilitating sustainable business-to-business (B2B) activities such as remote work practices. Two interrelated functions of business, operations, and marketing have been mapped against three dimensions of sustainability to show how these interrelated functions are related to the three dimensions of sustainability. For that reason, the research shows that with big data and social media analytics integrated into a participatory web environment, B2B companies are able to be profitable and stay sustainable by using their organisational and marketing operations and services strategically, whether it be internally or externally with other organisations.
Understanding the Impact of FinTechs on Service Innovation on the Future Sustainability of Global Business
Authors: Ali Mohammed
Published: June 2021

The availability of FinTechs has greatly proliferated in recent years, and this has caused an uptick in FinTech research in the finance field. Despite the recent surge in popularity of FinTech, there is still a severe lack of research on FinTech companies, particularly through the sociotechnical lens or the relation between the users or stakeholders associated with FinTechs and FinTech technology itself. This chapter aimed to fill this void by examining the world of FinTech and innovation in the financial services industry through a socio-technical lens by examining secondary data, such as reports from consulting firms. This provides a better understanding of the social, technological, and organisational actors involved in the development of FinTech ecosystems, in addition to the dynamics of the evolution of FinTech ecosystems and their outcomes as a result of service innovation.
Exploring the Role of Graphic Design-Driven Virtual Reality in Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Alkhalifah Eman
Published: June 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism has declined precipitously as a result of lockdown procedures that have prohibited the majority of international travel and ultimately increased people's online activity at home. Virtual reality (VR) is an example of an online activity that simulates and infiltrates the real world through games and interactive media. This chapter aims to determine whether using newer generation wearable devices to create virtual reality experiences via immersive graphic design has an effect on people's intentions to visit virtual destinations and tourist attractions in lieu of physical travel. The chapter also determines the effect of perceived visual appeal (PVA) and emotional involvement (EI) on behavioural intentions toward visiting a cultural heritage site in a virtual destination. Using the Saudi Arabian holy pilgrimage of Hajj as a case study, the chapter hypothesises that delivering the PVA of the virtual experience via virtual reality via immersive graphic design will result in a significant increase in intentions to visit a virtual destination.
Mitigating Risks and Barriers for Promotion and Implementation of Technologies in E-Healthcare
Authors: K. Ram Prasad , M. Nishal , S. P. Arunram
Published: June 2021

The current era is moving towards digitalization of the system in every aspect, be it in manufacturing, automobile, or service sectors. This long way in digitalization has been done by overcoming a lot of barriers in their path. The healthcare sector is no exception to this and has also shifted to the ideology of moving to digitalization. This chapter discusses how the healthcare sector is adopting digitalization and the presence of internet of things (IoT) in the healthcare system. The barriers for implementing IoT in healthcare are identified and have been clustered under different categories with each being discussed in detail for better understanding of how it stands as a barrier to implementing IoT in the healthcare sector. The drivers for implementing IoT in healthcare are also identified and grouped accordingly. With a detailed study on barriers and drivers, this chapter helps to identify the key barriers and drivers that are to be addressed while implementing IoT in healthcare systems for a smooth transformation from conventional medical care to e-healthcare.
Promoting Sustainable Collaborative Mobile Learning Approaches for Remote Work Practices
Authors: Al Amoudi Alaa
Published: June 2021

The main goal of this chapter is to learn more about the sustainability of collaborative mobile learning approaches. As for utilising the available resources on mobile devices for developing didactic programmes for pre-service teachers involved in remote or distance learning, the role of sustainable collaborative learning is also explored. Additionally, the chapter illustrates a new and effective pedagogical technique as a means to increase their usage and usage among instructional developers. A teaching model that can be utilised in a variety of environments is proposed, like in the current global pandemic in the form of remote work and distance learning. Such teaching models can therefore help to optimise online learning materials to help students follow the teaching and learning process in the absence of traditional classroom activities.
Beyond Social Distance
Authors: Sessoms Diallo , Lynch Ayanna M. , Edmonds Wendy M.
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 forced abrupt shifts to e-learning, deepened an existing digital divide at a mid-Atlantic Historically Black College/University (HBCU), and exacerbated perennial inequity issues at HBCUs. The campus community was ill-prepared to navigate remotely due to unreliable internet service, insufficient technology, and shared spaces that were not optimal for teaching and learning. Work-life imbalances threatened the well-being of students, staff, and faculty who struggled to meet academic and professional demands amid homeschooling, caregiving, and coping with COVID-19 fatalities. By contrast, the pandemic inspired creative teaching, galvanized and humanized the campus, and evoked resilience. This chapter illuminates disparities and celebrates triumphs of HBCUs, including factors that shielded the author's university from further hardship. Readers will think critically about culturally responsive strategies to address socioeconomic and digital inequities and ensure that HBCUs are poised to meet campus needs during major crises.
The Affective Domain of E-Commerce
Authors: Ateş Vildan
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to examine customer perceptions in the affective domain that directly or indirectly influence the shopping process and purchasing decision between the online customer and online shopping sites. This chapter investigates the effects of nine different perceptions as perceived benefit, perceived control, perceived customer services, perceived customization, perceived risk, perceived security, perceived self-efficiency, perceived privacy, and perceived value on the trust, satisfaction, and loyalty of online customers. Revealing the effects of these relationships on online customer trust, satisfaction and loyalty is important for online shopping sites to maintain their existence in the long-run, be able to compete with others, and increase their profitability.