bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Angela's psych squad”: Black psychology against the American carceral state in the 1970s
Authors: Pettit Michael
Published: July 2022

This article examines the duality of the Black psychology movement in the United States as both a distinctly American and a postcolonial approach to mental health. The Westside Community Mental Health Center in San Francisco served as the organizational hub for the Association for Black Psychologists (ABPsi) in the 1970s. The Westside clinicians understood forensic psychology as a kind of preventative care as California, more so than any other state, was seduced by the eugenic dream of human improvement through therapeutic interventions in schools and prisons intended to correct the wayward deviant. Their community's mental wellbeing required dismantling the interlinked disciplinary apparatus which disproportionately surveyed, tracked, and confined young Black men. These psychologists mounted a legal challenge to the use of intelligence testing to sort Black children in schools, seeking to replace standardized tests with “dynamic assessments” inspired by Israeli psychologist Reuven Feuerstein's work with refugee children. They consulted on the voir dire process in the highly politicized Angela Davis trial to minimize the presence of racially prejudiced jurors. They offered expert testimony on the psychological damage of solitary confinement on behalf of prison activists. The Westside team artfully developed and deployed the psychological concept of “bias” in their confrontations with local manifestations of the American carceral state. In their theoretical writings, these psychologists reflected upon their historical positionality, understanding themselves as products of the decolonial moment. Bay Area encounters with Third World internationalism, the Black Panther Party (BPP), the Nation of Islam, and community‐led substance abuse programs shaped clinical care at Westside and inspired the Afrocentric consciousness many came to espouse. ABPsi initially had a significant impact on the historically white American Psychological Association's training practices. However, the two organizations split over the IQ controversy at a moment when psychologists became increasingly enmeshed in the criminal justice system
Influence of electrolytes on the structural and viscosity properties of mixed anionic–nonionic–zwitterionic surfactants in detergent formulations
Authors: Alves Andreia A. S. , Sousa Francisco J. P. M. , Sebastião Marco , Antunes Filipe E.
Published: July 2022

Cleaning products have a global market of around $33 billion in 2020 and play an essential role in daily life, providing consumers with important public health benefits. Surfactants are the main ingredients of cleaning products and they can effectively remove dirt, germs, and other contaminants from surfaces. Understanding the role of each surfactant class in a detergent formulation and their interaction with NaCl is of utmost importance for formulating efficient and sustainable cleaning products. This paper describes the study of ternary surfactant systems consisting of surfactants (sodium lauryl ether sulfate, alkyl polyglycoside, or betaine, three of the most commonly used surfactants in detergent formulations), water, and NaCl. The effects of concentration on critical micelle concentration, aggregate size, and rheological behavior were evaluated by dynamic light scattering and rheology techniques.
Identifying child protection workers at risk for secondary traumatization: A latent class analysis of the Professional Quality of Life Scale–5
Authors: Vang Maria L. , Pihl‐Thingvad Jesper , Shevlin Mark
Published: July 2022

Secondary traumatization (ST) is a topical area among trauma‐exposed employees, where many are at risk of occupational mental health problems due to their work with trauma survivors. Challenges related to the accurate operationalization of ST symptoms persist, and there is no valid method for identifying employees at risk of clinically significant symptom levels. This study aimed to test the applicability of latent class analysis (LCA) to identify employees at risk for clinically relevant ST symptoms. LCA was used to identify patterns of ST symptom endorsement using the Professional Quality of Life Scale–5 (ProQoL) in a national sample of Danish child protection workers (CPW; N = 545). Predictors and associated levels of distress and functional impairment across the symptom presentations were tested using regression analysis, and three classes were identified. A total of 3.8% (n = 21) of participants were at high risk of endorsing symptoms of ST that were associated with significant levels of distress and increased functional impairment. The LCA approach outperformed existing scoring procedures in differentiating between employees with varying levels of distress, impairment, and well‐being. A minority of Danish CPWs are at risk for levels of ST that may be considered clinically significant for their associations with anxiety and social and cognitive impairment. Although the ProQoL is not a diagnostic tool, per se, a revised scoring procedure may render the measure useful when screening for employees who are at risk for levels of distress and impairment that require intervention.
Fractional microneedle radiofrequency versus fractional carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of postburn hypertrophic scars
Authors: Tawfic Shereen O. , Hassan Akmal S. , El‐Zahraa SH Aly Fatma , Elbendary Amira , Shaker Olfat G. , AlOrbani Aya M.
Published: July 2022

Background and Objective

New and improved treatment modalities, including lasers and energy‐based devices, are promising treatment options for hypertrophic scars. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) compared with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in the treatment of postburn hypertrophic scars.

Patients and Methods

Twenty patients with hypertrophic scars were enrolled in the study. Two areas in each patient were randomly assigned to fractional CO2 laser or FMR. Four sessions, 6–8 weeks apart were performed. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used for clinical evaluation, H & E and orcein‐stained samples were examined for histopathological assessment, and tissue transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) levels were measured for biochemical evaluation.

Results

Both fractional CO2 and FMR‐treated areas showed significant improvement in all parameters 1 month after treatment. Fractional CO2‐treated areas showed a higher degree of improvement compared with FMR in OSAS (p = 0.025), elastin grading (p = 0.004), and TGFβ1 levels (p = 0.000). Patients reported less downtime and showed less postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with FMR compared with fractional CO2, but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.327, p = 0.231; respectively).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate the value of FMR as an effective alternative to fractional CO2 in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, with a potentially favorable safety profile.
Layer‐by‐Layer Cellulose Nanofibrils: A New Coating Strategy for Development and Characterization of Tumor Spheroids as a Model for In Vitro Anticancer Drug Screening
Authors: Aljadi Zenib , Aval Negar Abbasi , Kumar Tharagan , Qin Taoyu , Ramachandraiah Harisha , Pettersson Torbjörn , Russom Aman
Published: July 2022

Three‐dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are complex structure of cellular aggregates and cell‐to‐matrix interaction that emulates the in‐vivo microenvironment. This research field has grown to develop and improve spheroid generation techniques. Here, we present a new platform for spheroid generation using Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) technology. Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) assemble on a standard 96 well plate. Various bi‐layer numbers, multiple cell seeding concentration, and two tumor cell lines (HEK 293 T, HCT 116) are utilized to generate and characterize spheroids. The number and proliferation of generated spheroids, the viability, and the response to the anti‐cancer drug are examined. The spheroids are formed and proliferated on the LbL‐CNF coated wells with no significant difference in connection to the number of LbL‐CNF bi‐layers; however, the number of formed spheroids correlates positively with the cell seeding concentration (122 ± 17) and (42 ± 8) for HCT 116 and HEK 293T respectively at 700 cells ml−1. The spheroids proliferate progressively up to (309, 663) µm of HCT 116 and HEK 293T respectively on 5 bi‐layers coated wells with maintaining viability. The (HCT 116) spheroids react to the anti‐cancer drug. We demonstrate a new (LbL‐CNF) coating strategy for spheroids generation, with high performance and efficiency to test anti‐cancer drugs.
Measurement Properties of Clinical Scales Rating the Severity of Blepharospasm: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Defazio Giovanni , Hallett Mark , Berardelli Alfredo , Perlmutter Joel S. , Berman Brian D. , Jankovic Joseph , Bäumer Tobias , Comella Cynthia , Ercoli Tommaso , Ferrazzano Gina , Fox Susan H. , Kim Han‐Joon , Moukheiber Emile Sami , Pirio Richardson Sarah , Weissbach Anne , Gigante Angelo F. , Jinnah Hyder A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Several scales have been proposed to clinically evaluate the Motor Severity of Blepharospasm (BSP) but information about their measurement properties as a multicenter instrument is limited.

Objective

To compare the measurement properties of four clinical scales in rating the severity of BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites.

Methods

The Burke–Fahn–Marsden Scale (BFMS), the Global Dystonia Severity Rating Scale (GDRS), the Jankovic Rating Scale (JRS), and the Blepharospasm Severity Rating Scale (BSRS) were administered to 211 patients across 10 sites who were also requested to self‐complete the Blepharospasm Disability Index (BDI). Measurement properties to be assessed included inter−/intra‐observer agreement, item‐to‐total correlation, internal consistency, floor and ceiling effect, convergent/discriminant validity, and adherence to the distribution of BDI.

Results

The BFMS had unsatisfactory measurement properties, the GDRS had acceptable reliability but other properties could not be completely testable; the JRS had satisfactory measurement properties but the scale did not accurately reflect the distribution of disability parameter (BDI) in the sample, and the BSRS had satisfactory measurement properties and also showed the best adherence to the distribution of BDI in the assessed sample.

Conclusion

The comparison of the measurement properties of four rating scales to assess the motor state of the BSP in a large sample of patients from multiple sites showed that the GDRS should be used to simultaneously assess BSP and dystonia in other body parts, while the JRS (easier to use) and BSRS (better to discriminate severity) should be used to assess BSP alone.
A modified Lyapunov method and its applications to ODE
Authors: Gadella Manuel , Lara Luis Pedro
Published: July 2022

Here, we propose a method to obtain local analytic approximate solutions of ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients, or even some nonlinear equations, inspired in the Lyapunov method, where instead of polynomial approximations, we use truncated Fourier series with variable coefficients as approximate solutions. In the case of equations admitting periodic solutions, an averaging over the coefficients gives global solutions. We show that, under some restrictive condition, the method is equivalent to the Picard‐Lindelöf method. After some numerical experiments showing the efficiency of the method, we apply it to equations of interest in physics, in which we show that our method possesses an excellent precision even with low iterations.
Wavelength modulation‐based active laser heterodyne spectroscopy for standoff gas detection
Authors: Li Jinyi , Wang Zebin , Yu Ziwei , Li Lianhui , Yang Xue , He Lingui
Published: July 2022

The wavelength modulation‐active laser heterodyne spectroscopy (WM‐ALHS), which introduces wavelength modulation technique into active laser heterodyne spectroscopy, is reported to enhance the gas standoff detection capability of weak return optical power. The ALHS gas standoff detection system is developed using a 1.65 μm butterfly packaged distributed feedback laser with tail fiber and an all‐fiber structure, which successfully detects methane concentrations at a distance of 35 cm using an aluminum plate as the reflective surface. Allan variance analysis shows that the system has good stability, and the detection limit at 29.2 s integration time is 0.84 ppm m. Standoff detection experiments with direct absorption‐active laser heterodyne spectroscopy (DA‐ALHS) and wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) are carried out on the basis of the WM‐ALHS system and the detection limits of 4.49 and 1.64 ppm m were achieved within integration times of 18.6 and 29 s for DA‐ALHS and WMS, respectively. The superiority of the WM‐ALHS method compared to these two spectral detection methods is demonstrated. Furthermore, the feasibility of applying WM‐ALHS to gas standoff detection has been verified, laying the foundation for the development of this spectroscopic technology.
CH4/C2H6 dual‐gas detection system based on off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yixiao , Zheng Kaiyuan , Xi Zhenhai , Yu Ling , Song Fang , Wang Qing , Zheng Chuantao , Wang Yiding
Published: July 2022

A near‐infrared methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6) dual‐gas sensor system based on off‐axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy was demonstrated. Simultaneous detection of CH4 and C2H6 was performed using two distributed feedback laser diodes with central wavelengths of 1654 and 1680 nm by time division multiplexing (TDM). TDM of the two lasers was realized using a self‐developed master controller based on digital signal processor. Allan deviations of 27.3 parts‐per‐billion in volume (ppbv) for CH4 and 196.4 ppbv for C2H6 were achieved at an averaging time of 1 s. The reported sensor shows potential applications in vehicle‐deployed natural gas leakage monitoring.
Estimation of undistorted images in brain echo‐planar images with distortions using the conjugate gradient method with anatomical regularization
Authors: Kumazawa Seiji , Yoshiura Takashi
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Although echo‐planar imaging (EPI) is widely used for diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, EPI images suffer from susceptibility‐induced geometric distortions. We herein propose a new estimation method for undistorted EPI images using anatomical T1‐weighted images (T1WIs) based on the physics of MR imaging.

Methods

Our proposed method estimates the undistorted EPI image in the image domain while estimating the magnetic field inhomogeneity map using the conjugate gradient method with anatomical regularization. Our method synthesizes the distorted image to match the measured EPI image containing geometric distortions by alternately updating the undistorted EPI image and the magnetic field inhomogeneity map. We evaluated our proposed method and compared it with a nonrigid registration‐based distortion correction method using simulated data and using real data. In the evaluation of the estimation of the magnetic field inhomogeneity map, we used the normalized root‐mean‐squared error (NRMSE) between the estimated results and the ground truth. In the evaluation of the estimation of undistorted images, we used mutual information (MI) between the undistorted EPI image and the anatomical T1WI.

Results

Using the simulated data, the means and standard deviations of the NRMSE values in the nonrigid registration‐based method and proposed method were 1.29 ± 0.63 and 0.64 ± 0.30, respectively. The MI values in the proposed method were larger than those in the nonrigid registration‐based method in all evaluated slices. For the real data, the proposed method improved the distortion, and the MI values in the proposed method were larger than those in the nonrigid registration‐based method. In the estimation of the magnetic field inhomogeneity map, the NRMSE values in our method were smaller than those in the nonrigid registration‐based method.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that our proposed method can estimate the regions with compressed distortions that are not well represented by the nonrigid registration‐based methods. The results suggest that the proposed method could be useful in analyses combining EPI images with T1WIs.
Upgrading SANISAND model to address continuous stress principal axis rotation: A conservative approach
Authors: Shahrokhi Sasan , Barani Omid Reza
Published: July 2022

The SANISAND models are known for their ability to simulate sands behavior with various properties under a wide range of loadings. Nevertheless, there is much room for improvement in simulating stress principal axis (PA) rotation effects. This study tried to address the continuous stress PA rotation problem following a conservative approach in preserving the SANISAND basic formulation. The inelastic response of the material under the stress rotation is regulated by a plastic intensity index as a function of the stress rotation rate with respect to the deviatoric fabric tensor and the non‐coaxiality between the stress and the plastic strain rate. The model performance is verified compared to the experimental data as well as other constitutive models. Supplementary discussions are provided to shed light on how fabric evolution results in a lower degree of anisotropy under continuous stress PA rotation. Based on continuum bounding surface plasticity, the proposed model addresses the fabric anisotropy effects on the severity of plasticity under continuous stress PA rotation.
Genetic alterations during the neoplastic cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Kamp Eline JCA , Dinjens Winand NM , Doukas Michail , van Marion Ronald , Verheij Joanne , Ponsioen Cyriel Y , Bruno Marco J , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Trivedi Palak J , Peppelenbosch Maikel P , de Vries Annemarie C
Published: July 2022

Carcinogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)‐associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is largely unexplored. Improved understanding of the molecular events involved may guide development of novel avenues for rational clinical management. We aimed to assess the genetic alterations during progression of the neoplastic cascade from biliary dysplasia towards CCA in PSC. Forty‐four resection specimens or biopsies of PSC patients with biliary dysplasia (n = 2) and/or CCA (n = 42) were included. DNA was extracted from sections of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks with dysplasia (n = 23), CCA (n = 69), and nonneoplastic tissue (n = 28). A custom‐made next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 28 genes was used for mutation and copy number variation (CNV) detection. In addition, CNVs ofCDKN2A,EGFR,MCL1, andMYCwere examined by fluorescencein situhybridization. Alterations in 16 low‐grade dysplasia samples included loss ofFGFR1(19%),CDKN2A(13%), andSMAD4(6%), amplification ofFGFR3(6%),EGFR(6%), andERBB2(6%), and mutations inSMAD4(13%). High‐grade dysplasia (n = 7) is characterized byMYCamplification (43%), and mutations inERBB2(71%) andTP53(86%).TP53mutations are the most common aberrations in PSC‐CCA (30%), whereas mutations inKRAS(16%),GNAS(14%), andPIK3CA(9%) are also common. In conclusion, PSC‐CCA exhibits a variety of genetic alterations during progression of the neoplastic cascade, with mainly CNVs being present early, whereas mutations inERBB2,TP53, andKRASappear later in the development of CCA. These findings are promising for the development of NGS‐guided diagnostic strategies in PSC‐CCA. © 2022 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
An alternative methodology addressing United Nations classification type for self‐reactive substances
Authors: Raines Elizabeth , Doup Benjamin
Published: July 2022

The UN “Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods” presents schemes for the classification of hazardous materials such as explosives, flammable liquids, or oxidizing substances, and gives descriptions of the test methods and procedures for the selection of appropriate packages and shipping types, as well as consignment procedures. Substances are classified according to their degree of danger, and the “Model Regulations” provide a hazard hierarchy. Class 4.1 and Class 5.2 materials are self‐reactive and solid desensitized explosives, and organic peroxides, respectively, and these hazard classes trump many other classification levels. The UN “Manual of Tests and Criteria” provides standard test methods for classifying self‐reactive and organic peroxide substances into seven groups (A–G) according to their hazard levels but also allows for other procedures to be used provided that adequate correlation has been obtained with the classification tests on a representative range of substances. There are eight test series (A–H) documented in the Manual of Tests and Criteria that could be needed in order to identify the hazard level for Class 4.1 and Class 5.2 materials, which can be an expensive and time‐consuming requirement. An alternative method aimed at streamlining the hazard classification process is proposed. This alternative method utilizes low phi‐factor adiabatic calorimetry data and the measured maximum rate of pressure rise to classify self‐reactive and organic peroxide substances for transport. Benchmarking experiments using this alternative method to classify t‐butyl perbenzoate, 50%–70% TBHP in decane, and 70% TBHP in water are promising, indicating that further evaluation of the proposed method is warranted.
Reliability analysis of complex electromechanical systems: State of the art, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Wang Rongxi , Xu Jinjin , Zhang Wenxin , Gao Jianmin , Li Yufan , Chen Fumin
Published: July 2022

As the core foundation of reliability engineering and one of the most crucial aspects of general quality, reliability has been attracting increasing attention from industry and academia. Numerous publications on reliability analysis (RA) have appeared in academic journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. However, there has not been a systematic summary that covers RA data, models, methods, indicators, and software comprehensively. To fill this gap, this paper analyzed the challenges and the state of the art, as well as determined the future prospects for research on RA. This paper introduces the features of modern complex electromechanical systems (CES), then summarizes the current challenges to the RA of CES. Next, it reviews the latest developments, such as reliability theories, models, methods, and software, then summarizes and compares their advantages and limitations. Finally, it discusses future prospects from the perspectives of reliability data, modeling, decoupling, evaluation indicators, and timely prediction. It is expected that this paper would serve as an introduction to RA for researchers new to this field and as a summary of the current frontiers of RA for experienced researchers.
Universal MATLAB‐based square‐root solutions in the family of continuous‐discrete Gaussian filters for state estimation in nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems
Authors: Kulikov Gennady Yurievich , Kulikova Maria Vyacheslavovna
Published: July 2022

This article concerns with the issue of square‐rooting in continuous‐discrete Gaussian filters intended for state estimation in nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems of continuous‐discrete sort. These cover all methods devised within the quadrature, cubature, and unscented Kalman filtering approaches as well as those that can be constructed in the future. Based on the universal moment differential equations developed by Särkkä and Sarmavuori in 2013, we advance further that study and design two square‐root solutions grounded on MATLAB ODE solvers in the mentioned Gaussian filtering framework. The main problem addressed is a potential negativity of some weights utilized in calculations of the predicted and filtering means and covariances, which precludes from orthogonal square‐rooting schemes to be applied. In practice, such square‐root implementations are often requested because of their exceptional numerical robustness to round‐off and other disturbances. These also preserve the symmetry and positivity of the covariances computed, automatically. Here, we employ the recently‐devised ‐orthogonal square‐rooting technique for designing our universal MATLAB‐based square‐root solutions in the realm of quadrature, cubature, and unscented Kalman filters, which are easily adjusted to any particular method by using its weights and deterministically selected samples exploited in calculations of the sampled means and covariances. Such a ‐orthogonal square‐rooting approach is grounded on hyperbolic factorizations. It leads to two novel algorithms covering any continuous‐discrete Gaussian filter of the quadrature, cubature, or unscented Kalman‐like kind. Practical performances of our square‐root solutions are validated, assessed, and compared within two simulated ill‐conditioned scenarios in aeronautical and chemical engineering.
Distributed consensus control for networked Euler–Lagrange systems over directed graphs: A dynamic event‐triggered approach
Authors: Wei Minfeng , Xia Yuanqing , Zhang Yuan , Zhan Yufeng , Cui Bing
Published: July 2022

This paper considers the distributed dynamic event‐triggered consensus problem of multi‐agent systems with Euler–Lagrange dynamics over directed graphs in the presence of uncertain disturbances. To achieve consensus, a dynamic triggering law is designed such that consensus of reference model can be achieved. Different from the static triggering mechanism, an extra variable is involved in the proposed dynamic triggering law, which benefits the exclusion of the Zeno behavior. Then, an auxiliary variable is introduced to simplify agent dynamics, which benefits the controller design. Based on the auxiliary variable, a local controller is further proposed to guarantee the tracking ability of the auxiliary variable to the reference model. Owing to this treatment, consensus of agents can be reached in the presence of external disturbances. In addition, no continuous communication is needed in either controller updates or triggering detection. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus protocol and its advantage in reducing the communication overhead compared with the relevant static triggering mechanism.
Triethanolamine modified graphene oxide for epoxy resin‐based coatings: Corrosion inhibition on metal substrates
Authors: Ban Chun‐guang , Zhang Kai , Huang Li , Yuan Ye
Published: July 2022

Graphene oxide is an ideal nanofiller for epoxy resins because of its excellent mechanical properties, high thermal resistance, and abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups. However, the poor dispersion of graphene oxide in epoxy resins restricts its application in corrosive environments. In this study, epoxy coating was prepared by incorporating triethanolamine (TEA)‐modified graphene oxide (TEA‐GO‐EP). TEA acted as a modification agent for graphene oxide to improve its dispersion in epoxy and corrosion inhibitor for the underlying copper substrate. The long‐term potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results demonstrated the improved anti‐corrosion performance of the TEA‐GO‐EP coatings in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution, compared with the coatings without TEA. Moreover, the anti‐corrosion mechanism was discussed in detail. The findings reported in this paper have important implications for developing new types of eco‐friendly epoxy‐based coatings.
Bayesian analysis for partly linear Cox model with measurement error and time‐varying covariate effect
Authors: Pan Anqi , Song Xiao , Huang Hanwen
Published: July 2022

The Cox proportional hazards model is commonly used to estimate the association between time‐to‐event and covariates. Under the proportional hazards assumption, covariate effects are assumed to be constant in the follow‐up period of study. When measurement error presents, common estimation methods that adjust for an error‐contaminated covariate in the Cox proportional hazards model assume that the true function on the covariate is parametric and specified. We consider a semiparametric partly linear Cox model that allows the hazard to depend on an unspecified function of an error‐contaminated covariate and an error‐free covariate with time‐varying effect, which simultaneously relaxes the assumption on the functional form of the error‐contaminated covariate and allows for nonconstant effect of the error‐free covariate. We take a Bayesian approach and approximate the unspecified function by a B‐spline. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that our proposed method has favorable statistical performance. The proposed method is also illustrated by an application to data from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 175.
Peering into a crystal ball: Forecasting behavior and industry foresight
Authors: Kapoor Rahul , Wilde Daniel
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

What makes some managers and entrepreneurs better at forecasting the industry context than others? We argue that, regardless of experience or expertise, a learning‐based forecasting behavior in which individuals attend to and incorporate new relevant information from the environment into an updated belief that aligns with the Bayesian belief updating process is likely to generate superior industry foresight. However, the effectiveness of such a cognitively demanding process diminishes under high levels of uncertainty. We find support for these arguments using an experimental design of forecasting tournaments in the managerially relevant context of the global automotive industry from 2016 to 2019. The study provides a novel account of individual‐level forecasting behavior and its effectiveness in an evolving industry and suggests important implications for managers and entrepreneurs.

Managerial Summary

How a focal industry will evolve is a key forecasting problem faced by managers and entrepreneurs as they seek to identify opportunities and make strategic decisions. However, developing superior industry foresight in the face of significant change, and limited and often contradictory information, can be especially challenging. We study how individuals forecast the ongoing transformation of the global automotive industry with respect to electrification and autonomy, using a novel research design of forecasting tournaments. A forecasting process in which individuals update their beliefs by neither ignoring prior information nor overacting to new information helps to generate superior industry foresight. There was a significant penalty to forecasting accuracy when individuals did not update their beliefs at all, or when they updated, but overreacted to new information.
Hollow Aluminum Hydroxide Modified Silica Nanoadjuvants with Amplified Immunotherapy Effects through Immunogenic Cell Death Induction and Antigen Release
Authors: Tan Jia , Ding Binbin , Zheng Pan , Chen Hao , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: July 2022

In spite of the widespread application of vaccine adjuvants in various preventive vaccines at present, the existing adjuvants are still hindered by weak cellular immunity responses in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Herein, a hollow silica nanoadjuvant containing aluminum hydroxide spikes on the surface (SiAl) is synthesized for the co‐loading of chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) and tumor fragment (TF) as tumor antigens (SiAl@Dox@TF). The obtained nanovaccines show significantly elevated anti‐tumor immunity responses thanks to silica and aluminum‐based composite nanoadjuvant‐mediated tumor antigen release and Dox‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). In addition, the highest frequencies of dendritic cells (DCs), CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and memory T cells as well as the best mice breast cancer (4T1) tumor growth inhibitory are also observed in SiAl@Dox@TF group, indicating favorable potential of SiAl nanoadjuvants for further applications. This work is believed to provide inspiration for the design of new‐style nanoadjuvants and adjuvant‐based cancer vaccines.
Engineering at Subatomic Scale: Achieving Selective Catalytic Pathways via Tuning of the Oxidation States in Functionalized Single‐Atom Quantum Catalysts
Authors: Zeb Akif , Sahar Shafaq , Lv Sheng‐Yao , Yousaf Ammar Bin , Kasak Peter , Lin Xiaoming , Tang Zhilie , Wu Yongbo , Li Guoliang , Xu An‐Wu
Published: July 2022

Regulating the catalytic pathways of single‐atom sites in single atom catalysts (SACs) is an exciting debate at the moment, which has redirected the research towards understanding and modifying the single‐atom catalytic sites through various strategies including altering the coordination environment of single atom for desirable outcomes as well as increasing their number. One useful aspect concerning the tunability of the catalytic pathways of SACs, which has been overlooked, is the oxidation state dynamics of the single atoms. In this study, iron single‐atoms (FeSA) with variable oxidation states, dependent on the precursors, are harnessed inside a nitrogen‐rich functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) matrix via a facile one‐step and low‐temperature synthesis process. Dynamic electronic properties are imparted to the FeSAs by the simpler carbon dots matrix of CQDs in order to achieve the desired catalytic pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in different environments, which are explored experimentally and theoretically for an in‐depth understanding of the redox chemistry that drives the alternative catalytic pathways in FeSA@CQDs. These alternative and oxidation state‐dependent catalytic pathways are employed for specific as well as cascade‐like activities simulating natural enzymes as well as biomarkers for the detection of cancerous cells.
Lewis Acid Site Assisted Bifunctional Activity of Tin Doped Gallium Oxide and Its Application in Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Nair Aruna Narayanan , Sanad Mohamed F. , Jayan Rahul , Gutierrez Guillermo , Ge Yulu , Islam Md Mahbubul , Hernandez‐Viezcas Jose A. , Zade Vishal , Tripathi Shalini , Shutthanandan Vaithiyalingam , Ramana Chintalapalle V. , T. Sreenivasan Sreeprasad
Published: July 2022

The enhanced safety, superior energy, and power density of rechargeable metal‐air batteries make them ideal energy storage systems for application in energy grids and electric vehicles. However, the absence of a cost‐effective and stable bifunctional catalyst that can replace expensive platinum (Pt)‐based catalyst to promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the air cathode hinders their broader adaptation. Here, it is demonstrated that Tin (Sn) doped β‐gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) in the bulk form can efficiently catalyze ORR and OER and, hence, be applied as the cathode in Zn‐air batteries. The Sn‐doped β‐Ga2O3sample with 15% Sn (Snx=0.15‐Ga2O3) displayed exceptional catalytic activity for a bulk, non‐noble metal‐based catalyst. When used as a cathode, the excellent electrocatalytic bifunctional activity of Snx=0.15‐Ga2O3leads to a prototype Zn‐air battery with a high‐power density of 138 mW cm−2and improved cycling stability compared to devices with benchmark Pt‐based cathode. The combined experimental and theoretical exploration revealed that the Lewis acid sites in β‐Ga2O3aid in regulating the electron density distribution on the Sn‐doped sites, optimize the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates, and facilitate the formation of critical reaction intermediate (O*), leading to enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Optically modulated dual‐mode memristor arrays based on core‐shell CsPbBr3@graphdiyne nanocrystals for fully memristive neuromorphic computing hardware
Authors: Wang Fu‐Dong , Yu Mei‐Xi , Chen Xu‐Dong , Li Jiaqiang , Zhang Zhi‐Cheng , Li Yuan , Zhang Guo‐Xin , Shi Ke , Shi Lei , Zhang Min , Lu Tong‐Bu , Zhang Jin
Published: July 2022

Artificial synapses and neurons are crucial milestones for neuromorphic computing hardware, and memristors with resistive and threshold switching characteristics are regarded as the most promising candidates for the construction of hardware neural networks. However, most of the memristors can only operate in one mode, that is, resistive switching or threshold switching, and distinct memristors are required to construct fully memristive neuromorphic computing hardware, making it more complex for the fabrication and integration of the hardware. Herein, we propose a flexible dual‐mode memristor array based on core–shell CsPbBr3@graphdiyne nanocrystals, which features a 100% transition yield, small cycle‐to‐cycle and device‐to‐device variability, excellent flexibility, and environmental stability. Based on this dual‐mode memristor, homo‐material‐based fully memristive neuromorphic computing hardware—a power‐free artificial nociceptive signal processing system and a spiking neural network—are constructed for the first time. Our dual‐mode memristors greatly simplify the fabrication and integration of fully memristive neuromorphic systems.
Multi‐Phenotypic Exosome Secretion Profiling Microfluidic Platform for Exploring Single‐Cell Heterogeneity
Authors: Song Fangteng , Wang Chao , Wang Chunhua , Wang Jianbo , Wu Yu , Wang Yihe , Liu Hong , Zhang Yu , Han Lin
Published: July 2022

Cellular phenotypic and functional heterogeneities have advanced cancer evolution and treatment resistance. Although exosome‐bound proteins reflect cellular functions, single‐cell exosomes are rarely profiled owing to the lack of effective platforms. Herein, the authors developed an integrated microfluidic platform consisting of a single‐cell trapping chip and a spatially coded antibody barcode chip for the multiplexed outline of exosome secretion by single cells. Using this platform, five phenotypic exosomes of over 1 000 single cells are simultaneously profiled, in addition to inflammatory factor secretion from the same single cell. Also, a robust analysis workflow for single‐cell secretion profiling is proposed to explore the intercellular heterogeneity, which integrated unsupervised clustering and linear clustering. When applied to the tumor cell lines of epithelial‐origin and normal epithelial cell lines, the strategy identifies functionally heterogeneous subpopulations with unique secretion patterns. Notably, special functional cell subsets for unique phenotypic exosomes (HSP70+, EPCAM+) are found within ovarian tumor cells. The strategy proposed offers a new analysis approach for cellular differential exosome secretion at single‐cell resolution using inflammatory factors, ultimately reinforcing the understanding of cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity and tumor landscape, and providing a valuable universal platform for single‐cell biomarker exploration in biological and clinical research.
Graphene Quantum Dots‐Modified Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Resin for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Zhao Chen , Wang Xinyao , Ye Sheng , Liu Jian
Published: July 2022

Photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with water and oxygen as clean source is considered to be a sustainable strategy. Resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resin has attracted much attention as a promising polymeric photocatalyst, but the inefficient charge transfer restricts its corresponding photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, the design and synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) modified RF (RF‐GQDs) composite via freeze‐drying method are reported. The improvment of the RF‐GQDs composite charge separation efficiency is achieved through the combination electrostatic interaction between GQDs and RF, thus greatly enhancing photocatalytic performance. The optimal RF‐GQDs display the best photocatalytic H2O2 production activity of 2.45 mmol h−1 g−1, which is 5.1 times that of bare RF (0.48 mmol h−1 g−1). This work might contribute to a new way for the development of RF‐based ploymeric photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production.
Continuous engineering for Industry 4.0 architectures and systems
Authors: Antonino Pablo Oliveira , Capilla Rafael , Kazman Rick , Kuhn Thomas , Schnicke Frank , Treichel Tagline , Bachorek Adam , Müller‐Zhang Zai , Salamanca Victor
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, the quality of a software or system architecture has been evaluated in the early stages of the development process using architecture quality evaluation methods. Emergent approaches like Industry 4.0 require continuous monitoring of both run‐time and development‐time quality properties, in contrast to traditional systems where quality is evaluated at specific milestones using techniques such as project reviews. Considering the dynamics and minimum down‐time imposed by the industrial production domain, it must also be ensured that Industry 4.0 system evaluations are continuously performed with high confidence and with as much automation as possible, using simulations, for instance. In this regard, there is a need to develop new methods for continuously monitoring and evaluating the quality properties of software‐based systems for Industry 4.0, which must be supported by automated quality evaluation techniques. In this research we analyze traditional architecture evaluation methods and Industry 4.0 scenarios, and propose an approach based on Digital Twins and simulations to continuously evaluate runtime quality aspects of the architecture and systems of industrial production plants. The evaluation is based on the instantiation of our approach for a concrete demand of an automation plant in the automotive domain.
Alternative parameterization approaches for modelling risk assessment in the presence of imbalance: An example using parotid malignancy
Authors: Lo Kaming , Messinger Shari , Fundakowski Christopher , Sargi Zoukaa
Published: July 2022

In collaborative statistics, logistic regression models are commonly used with binary outcomes and reference cell coding for categorical predictors. However, despite the usefulness of reference cell coding schemes under many investigative objectives, it is not always appropriate to address research questions of interest. Investigators often consider modifying research questions to align with inference possible using reference cell coding. Alternative coding schemes can offer a more appropriate approach for the investigation. We explored application of deviation from means coding in determining how results from a diagnostic tool provide additional information on a patient's risk of disease with respect to the overall (naïve) risk at clinical presentation. We compared model parameterizations between using reference cell coding and deviation from means coding, by both unweighted and weighted approaches, for assessing risk of parotid malignancy, comparing patients with indeterminate FNAB results with the general (naïve) risk among presenting patients. Unweighted deviation from means coding estimates a 1.2‐fold increase in the odds of malignancy with an indeterminate FNAB result compared to the naïve odds of malignancy at clinical presentation (OR: 1.21 [95% CI: 1.63–2.32], p = 0.5699). The weighted approach takes into account the imbalance in the presenting population and estimates an increased risk (OR: 2.54 [95% CI: 1.52–4.26], p = 0.0004), which is more accurately representing the naïve risk at presentation and to answer the research question of interest. Using standard reference cell coding, an indeterminate result is associated with significantly higher odds than that of a negative result (OR: 5.20 [95% CI: 2.22–12.20], p = 0.0001), but this does not inform us as to the risk with respect to that inherent at clinical presentation and thus may not be useful for clinical decision making.
St. Clair Drake, the Chicago School, and the Emergence of a New Urban Black Perspective
Authors: Salerno Roger
Published: July 2022

St. Clair Drake was responsible for a major shift in the way urban sociologists studied cities. While educated by Chicago school scholars in sociology and anthropology, such as Robert Park and Ernest Burgess, Drake was one of many Black doctoral students who veered from the dominant perspective of his White teachers on race. His skills in ethnographic research were indebted not only to Park and Burgess, but also to the work of Black scholars who came before him, such as W. E. B. Du Bois and E. Franklin Frazier. His unique personal approach to cities and their racial problems transitioned into a more global focus on the Black diaspora, colonialism and the history of African people, and cultures which connected him to a world of social action.
Synthesis and Properties of Stable 20π Porphyrinoids
Authors: Pushpanandan Poornenth , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: July 2022

The 20π porphyrinoids are immediate higher homologues of 18π porphyrins and differ from porphyrins in aromaticity which in turn affects the structure, properties and chemical reactivities. Research over the years indicated that the 20π porphyrinoids can be stabilized as non‐aromatic/anti‐aromatic or Mobius aromatic macrocycles using different strategies such as core‐modification of porphyrins, non‐metal/metal complexation of porphyrins, peripheral modification of porphyrins and expanded porphyrinoids. The structural properties such as aromaticity of the macrocycle can be controlled by choosing the right synthetic strategy. This review will provide an overview of the development in the chemistry of 20π porphyrinoids giving emphasize on the synthesis, structure and electronic properties of these macrocycles which have huge potential for various applications.
Aneurysmal bone cyst in the scapula of a young cat
Authors: Manca Stefano , Mate de Haro Luis , Civello Alex , Martí Juan
Published: July 2022

A 2‐year and 6‐month‐old male neutered domestic long hair cat was referred for assessment of right thoracic limb lameness of approximately 3 months’ duration. Palpation of the right shoulder revealed a firm mass of approximately 6 cm diameter centred on the mid‐body of the scapula. Computed tomography (CT) showed a lytic expansile mass on the caudo‐dorsal aspect of the right scapula. Differential diagnoses included reactive or reparative processes, sarcoma‐like lesions and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Due to the potential for malignancy, a total scapulectomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed the final diagnosis of ABC. The patient recovered uneventfully from surgery, and 11 months following surgery showed a good return to function and an excellent level of comfort.
Suspected Laminosioptes cysticola (fowl cyst mite) lesions in backyard chickens in southern England
Authors: Grist Andy , Parsons David G. , Bianco Carlo , Cafiso Alessandra , Foster Aiden P.
Published: July 2022

Postmortem examination of poultry from several backyard flocks in the south of England revealed five chickens (Gallus gallus) from one backyard flock with lesions compatible with the fowl cyst mite (Laminosioptes cysticola). All affected birds were mature hens and had subcutaneous and fascial, randomly scattered, 1–5 mm, calcareous nodules. Histological findings included a thin fibrous capsule, embedding glassy, pale basophilic acellular material that stained positive with von Kossa histochemistry consistent with mineralization. There were also some granulomatous lesions, detected in two of five birds, that were biconvex and made of an accumulation of amorphous eosinophilic material, collagen‐like fibrillary material and fibroblasts, embedding some yellow to brown, refractile flakes and fragments of foreign bodies (suspected acarid exoskeletal remnants). Fresh and formalin‐fixed tissues were examined by PCR for mite DNA with no positive results. Laminosioptes mites may be present in British backyard poultry.