bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sire Evaluation Based on First Lactation 305 Day Milk Yield and Individual Part Lactation Records in Frieswal Cattle
Authors: . Rajeev , Kumar Ravinder , Singh Rajbir
Published: March 2021

Background: Frieswal, the crossbred cattle, between sahiwal and Holstein Friesian breed with 62.50 per cent of exotic (inheritance) with total lactation milk yield of (4000 Kg) with average lactation length 300 days (PDC Annual Report, 2015-16). Presently, the Frieswal Animal is mainly maintained at 36 Military Farms located in various agro-climatic regions in the country.Methods: The present study was undertaken on first lactation 305 days and part lactation records of 1470 Frieswal cows maintained over a period of 10 years (2003-2012) from military farm at CIRC Meerut Uttar Pradesh as well as Ambala. The success of any breed improvement programme depends mainly on the Sire evaluation which involves the estimation of expected breeding value of the bulls on the basis of average first lactation 305-day or less milk yield and part lactation records of their daughters (FL305DMY).Result: The estimate breeding value of 55 Frieswal sires on the basis of first lactation 305-day or less milk yield and individually part lactation records, by LSM, BLUP and DFREML methods were 2701.48 kg and 2660.70 kg, followed by 333.40, kg and 329.17 kg, respectively. A number of 55 Frieswal sires with three or more daughters were evaluated and ranked on the basis of first lactation 305-day milk yield and individual third month part lactation was having better heritability and comparatively higher genetic correlations with the first lactation 305-days or less milk yield.
Organic Chromium and Vitamin E Enhance Physiological Performances, Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Heat-stressed Broiler Chickens
Authors: Hridoy Abu Foisal Md. , Hossain Md. Symon , Haque Md. Iqramul , Sujan Khaled Mahmud , Khalil Kazi Khalid Ibne , Mustari Afrina , Miah Mohammad Alam
Published: March 2021

Background: The use of chromium (Cr) and vitamin E (Vit-E) to overcome the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) in broiler chickens has been studied by a few researchers. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of organic chromium picolinate (CrPic) and vit-E on physiological performances and immune responses in broiler chicken exposed to HS. Methods: A total of 120, day old chicks were reared and divided into four equal groups: A, B, C and D at day 13. Group A considered as non-treated control, Group B, C and D were treated with CrPic, Vit-E and both respectively. The birds were exposed heat to 35 ± 3°C for 6 hours for 22 days. Result: CrPic, Vit-E and combined groups had significantly higher live body weight and lower FCR (p less than 0.05). Hematological values were not varied among the groups. Liver enzymes AST but not ALT were increased significantly in the Vit-E group. Creatinine level was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in CrPic and combined groups. Total protein, albumin and glucose were not differed between the treated and non-treated groups. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-c and LDL-c were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in treated groups. The highest antibody titers against NDV were detected in birds of CrPic group followed by combined and Vit-E group. The cellular immune response assessed by CBH test revealed significant skin increased in CrPic and Vit-E supplemented birds. It concluded that the dietary CrPic and Vit-E are effective to enhance growth performance and immune responses in broiler chicken under heat-stress condition.
A New Generalized Cauchy Distribution with an Application to Annual One Day Maximum Rainfall Data
Authors: Ball Cory , Rimal Binod , Chhetri Sher
Published: March 2021

In this article, we introduce a new three-parameter transmuted Cauchy distribution using the quadratic rank transmutation map approach. Some mathematical properties of the proposed model are discussed. A simulation study is conducted using the method of maximum likelihood estimation to estimate the parameters of the proposed model. We used two real datasets and compare various statistics to show the fitting and versatility of the model.
Estimation and Testing Procedures for the Reliability Characteristics of Chen Distribution Based on Type II Censoring and the Sampling Scheme of Bartholomew
Authors: Chaturvedi Aditi , Kumar Surinder
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we consider Chen distribution and derive UMVUEs and MLEs of the parameter λ , hazard rate h(t) and the two measures of reliability, namely R(t) = P(X > t), where X denotes the lifetime of an item and P = P(X > Y ), which represents the reliability of an item or system of random strength X subject to random stress Y , under type II censoring scheme and the sampling scheme of Bartholomew . We also develop interval estimates of the reliability measures. Testing procedures for the hypotheses related to different parametric functions have also been developed. A comparative study of different methods of point estimation and average confiddence length has been done through simulation studies. The analysis of a real data set is presented for illustration purpose.
Inferences for Weibull parameters under progressively first-failure censored data with binomial random removals
Authors: Ashour Samir K. , El-Sheikh Ahmed A. , Elshahhat Ahmed
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimation of a two-parameter Weibull lifetime model in presence of progressive first-failure censored data with binomial random removals are considered. Based on the s-normal approximation to the asymptotic distribution of maximum likelihood estimators, two-sided approximate confidence intervals for the unknown parameters are constructed. Using gamma conjugate priors, several Bayes estimates and associated credible intervals are obtained relative to the squared error loss function. Proposed estimators cannot be expressed in closed forms and can be evaluated numerically by some suitable iterative procedure. A Bayesian approach is developed using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques to generate samples from the posterior distributions and in turn computing the Bayes estimates and associated credible intervals. To analyze the performance of the proposed estimators, a Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted. Finally, a real data set is discussed for illustration purposes.
Applications of Some Rating Methods to Solve Multicriteria Decision-Making Problems
Authors: Gogodze Joseph
Published: March 2021

This study proposes a new approach for the solution of multicriteria decision-making problems. The proposed approach is based on using rating/ranking methods. Particularly, in this paper, we investigate the possibility of applying Massey, Colley, Keener, offence-defence, and authority-hub rating methods, which are successfully used in various fields. The proposed approach is useful when no decision-making authority is available or when the relative importance of various criteria has not been previously evaluated. The proposed approach is tested with an example problem to demonstrate its viability and suitability for  application.
Comparison of two sampling schemes in estimating the stress-strength reliability under the proportional reversed hazard rate model
Authors: Sadeghpour Amineh , Nezakati Ahmad , Salehi Mahdi
Published: March 2021

In this paper, point and interval estimation of stress-strength reliability based on lower record ranked set sampling scheme under the proportional reversed hazard rate model are considered. Maximum likelihood, uniformly minimum variance unbiased, and Bayesian estimators of $\mathcal{R}$ are derived and their performances are compared. Various confidence intervals for the parameter $\mathcal{R}$ are constructed, and compared based on the simulation study. Moreover, the record ranked set sampling scheme is compared with ordinary records in case of interval estimations. Finally, a data set has been analyzed for illustrative purposes.
System Maintenance Using Several Imperfect Repairs Before a Perfect Repair
Authors: Smithson Haixia , Sarkar Jyotirmoy
Published: March 2021

Allowing several imperfect repairs before a perfect repair can lead to a highly reliable and efficient system by reducing repair time and repair cost. Assuming exponential lifetime and exponential repair time, we determine the optimal probability $p$ of choosing a perfect repair over an imperfect repair after each failure. Based on either the limiting availability or the limiting average repair cost per unit time, we determine the optimal number of imperfect repairs before conducting a perfect repair.
The Weibull Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution And Its Applications
Authors: BENKHELIFA Lazhar
Published: March 2021

A new lifetime model, with four positive parameters, called the Weibull Birnbaum-Saunders distribution is proposed. The proposed model extends the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution and provides great flexibility in modeling data in practice. Some mathematical properties of the new distribution are obtained including expansions for the cumulative and density functions, moments, generating function, mean deviations, order statistics and reliability. Estimation of the model parameters is carried out by the maximum likelihood estimation method. A simulation study is presented to show the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters. The flexibility of the new model is examined by applying it to two real data sets.
Testing the Number of Components in a Birnbaum-Saunders Mixture Model under a Random Censoring Scheme
Authors: EL-Sharkawy Walaa , Ismail Moshira A.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with testing the number of components in a Birnbaum-Saunders mixture model under randomly right censored data. We focus on two methods, one based on the modified likelihood ratio test and the other based on the shortcut of bootstrap test. Based on extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies, we evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed tests through their size and power. A power analysis provides guidance for researchers to examine the factors that affect the power of the proposed tests used in detecting the correct number of components in a Birnbaum-Saunders mixture model. Finally an example of aircraft Windshield data is used to illustrate the testing procedure.
Effects of mixture formation strategies on combustion in dual-fuel engines – a review
Authors: Pielecha Ireneusz , Sidorowicz Maciej
Published: March 2021

The article presents an overview of technical solutions for dual fuel systems used in internal combustion engines. It covers the historical and contemporary genesis of using two fuels simultaneously in the combustion process. The authors pay attention to the value of the excess air coefficient in the cylinder, as the ignitability of the fuel dose near the spark plug is a critical factor. The mixture formation of compression ignition based systems are also analyzed. The results of research on indirect and direct injection systems (and their combinations) have been presented. Research sections were separated based to the use of gasoline with other fuels or diesel oil with other fuels. It was found that the use of two fuels in different configurations of the fuel supply systems extends the conditions for the use of modern combustion systems (jet controlled compression ignition, reactivity controlled compression ignition, intelligent charge compression ignition, premixed charge compression ignition), which will enable further improvement of combustion efficiency.
A PESCA ARTESANAL NA REGIÃO DOS LAGOS: O CASO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PRACUÚBA, AMAPÁ
Authors: Zacardi Diego Maia , Da Silva Passos Leandro , Carvalho da Silva Thibério
Published: March 2021

O estudo caracteriza o perfil socioeconômico dos pescadores e descreve a atividade pesqueira desenvolvida no município de Pracuúba, Amapá. Na ocasião, foram realizadas entrevistas e aplicação de formulários semiestruturados aos pescadores. A maioria era do sexo masculino, com idade média de 37 anos, baixo grau de escolaridade e renda média mensal declarada pela pesca de três salários mínimos. A pesca ocorre com maior frequência nos lagos Pracuúba e Cujubim, e no rio Flexal. As embarcações mais utilizadas são as canoas movidas a remo, o que limita a prática de captura nas proximidades de suas residências e a utilização do gelo como principal forma de conservação do pescado. A rede de emalhar (malhadeira), o anzol e a zagaia são os apetrechos de pesca mais empregados para capturar tucunarés (Cichla sp.) e apaiari (Astronotus ocellatus). Dentre as principais problemáticas registradas estão: a falta de uma fábrica de gelo, estruturas de desembarque, de fiscalização, estrada para escoamento da produção, ausência de uma política de apoio a atividade pesqueira e a diminuição gradativa das capturas, além dos impactos causados pela criação de bubalinos, afetando a dinâmica do ambiente e consequentemente a vida desses pescadores que possuem a pesca como principal fonte de renda familiar.
PREPARAÇÃO DE COMPÓSITO FORMADO ENTRE O CATALISADOR BIMETÁLICO DE ÓXIDO DE Cd/La E POLI(ÁCIDO 4-AMINOBENZOICO) PARA A FOTODEGRADAÇÃO DO CORANTE VERDE MALAQUITA
Authors: Gonçalves Dias de Souza Nelson Luis , Aguiar Dias Carmo Iago , Cappa de Oliveira Luiz Fernando
Published: March 2021

A produção de corantes orgânicos ascendeu nos últimos anos, sendo que a e a indústria têxtil possui a principal aplicação final e contribui para o acúmulo de compostos tóxicos não biodegradáveis que levam à degradação da qualidade da água. Existem diferentes métodos de remoção desses compostos através do tratamento de águas residuais, no entanto métodos convencionais não fornecem a remoção satisfatória dos corantes. Nesse sentido, o processo de remoção de corantes utilizando a fotocatálise é considerado um dos métodos mais eficiente e promissor. Dessa forma o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a síntese e caracterização de compósitos formados entre o poli(ácido 4-aminobenzóico) e o óxido bimetálico de Cd/La, a fim de estudar a sua atividade na fotodegradação do corante verde malaquita. A estrutura química desses materiais foi caracterizada utilizando a espectroscopia vibracional e os resultados obtidos indicam a obtenção dos compostos propostos. A energia de band gap do catalizador foi determinada com o valor de 2,76 eV.  A cinética foi determinada como de pseudo-primeira para o catalizador e de secunda ordem para o compósito. O estudo cinético determinou que a utilização da poli(ácido 4-aminobenzóico) aumenta a eficiência da fotocatálise em 4,56 vezes.
Uso de los métodos de diagnóstico de relación esquelética en los artículos publicados del 2018 al 2020 en las cuatro revistas más importantes de ortodoncia
Authors: De los Ríos Fernández Enrique Manuel
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Determinar el método de diagnóstico de relación esquelética más empleado, según las cuatro revistas más importantes de ortodoncia en el periodo 2018-2020. Metodología: Se elaboró un análisis documental de información compilada ya existente referida a los procedimientos de diagnóstico utilizados con mayor frecuencia en el reconocimiento de las relaciones esqueléticas en las cuatro revistas más importantes de ortodoncia desde el año 2018 hasta el 2020, según SCImago 2018, cuyo soporte en internet proporciona una serie de parámetros acerca del impacto de las publicaciones y revistas. Con esa finalidad, se realizó una sinopsis de la información analizada para establecer una correlación de las fuentes y hacer cotejos entre ellas de manera crítica. La exploración bibliográfica virtual de bases de datos se realizó esencialmente a través de Medline; se evaluó y seleccionó la bibliografía, organizada según la trascendencia y la índole científica; y, luego, se procesaron los resultados para responder las demandas de la investigación. Resultados: En la revista AJO-DO, el 92,2% utiliza el método de ANB y el 7,8% no describe el método utilizado. En la revista AO, el 100% refiere el uso del ANB. Finalmente, en las revistas EJO y KJO, el 93,8 % y el 95% utilizaron el ANB, respectivamente. Conclusión: El método más frecuentemente utilizado para la determinación de la relación esquelética es el ANB, aun cuando este indicador presenta un riesgo de efecto geométrico, ya que es un método ampliamente conocido.
Evaluación comparativa de las características de porosidad entre el cemento Portland, MTA y Biodentine con microscopio electrónico de barrido
Authors: Bravo Eslava Luis Manuel , Gallardo Gutiérrez César Antonio
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar comparativamente las características de porosidad entre el cemento Portland, MTA Angelus® y Biodentine Septodont®, observados con un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Materiales y métodos: Se prepararon los cementos según las indicaciones del fabricante y se empaquetaron en tubos cilíndricos de polietileno con un diámetro interno de 10 mm y una altura de 5 mm. Se analizó la porosidad de las muestras mediante el microscopio electrónico de barrido. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. El nivel de significancia se estableció en 0,05 Resultados: Se observó la descripción de la media de los valores del diámetro de los poros, y el tamaño mayor correspondió al cemento Portland (11,07). Existen diferencias significativas entre las medias del diámetro de los poros con un p = 0,05. Se identificó que el MTA Angelus® tiene la mayor cantidad de poros, le sigue el Biodentine Septodont® y, por último, el Portland. Se comparó la cantidad de poros entre los tres cementos y no se encontraron diferencias significativas, con un p = 0,09. Conclusión: Los análisis realizados en los cementos endodónticos dieron como resultado que el cemento Portland tiene mayor diámetro de poro a diferencia de los otros dos, lo cual implica que tanto el Biodentine Septodont® como el MTA Angelus® tienen mejores propiedades de resistencia y permeabilidad para evitar la microfiltración, y por tanto son mejores para la solución de casos clínicos.
Relación entre el número de cepillados por día y la autopercepción periodontal en escolares ecuatorianos de 12 años
Authors: Castro-Cabrera Suley Elizabeth , Calle-Prado María Daniela
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Relacionar el número de cepillados por día y la autopercepción periodontal en escolares de 12 años de la parroquia Machángara, en Cuenca (Ecuador) en 2016. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo a nivel relacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 205 fichas de escolares de 12 años residentes de la parroquia Machángara, que pertenecen al mapa epidemiológico de Salud Bucodental de Cuenca, realizado por la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó estadística descriptiva con frecuencias y porcentajes para cada una de las variables y la prueba estadística Tau-b de Kendall, con el fin de determinar la correlación entre las variables principales del estudio, según una significancia de 0,05. Resultados: El 50,7% de los adolescentes fueron del sexo masculino; el 49,3%, del sexo femenino, y el 94,1% estudiaban en escuelas fiscales. Se halló que el 50,2% se cepillaban tres veces por día, frecuencia que se cumple en el 51,5% del sexo femenino y el 48,1% del sexo masculino. La prevalencia de autopercepción periodontal fue del 85,4%; de este total, el 86,1% correspondió a las mujeres y el 84,6% a los hombres. Se encontró una correlación negativa inversa y significativa entre el número de cepillados por día y la autopercepción periodontal (Tau-b: -0,178; p = 0,004). La frecuencia del cepillado presentó una correlación inversa y significativa con el autorreporte periodontal para el sexo femenino (tau-b: -0,197; valor p = 0,030) y no significativa en el sexo masculino. Conclusión: Existe una correlación negativa inversa y significativa entre la frecuencia del cepillado diario y la autopercepción periodontal. Es necesario aplicar estrategias educativas respecto de la salud oral en los adolescentes de la parroquia Machángara de Cuenca.
La imagenología en el diagnóstico y la planificación de sistemas de conductos radiculares: una revisión actualizada
Authors: Taveras Parra Crismely , Fiori-Chíncaro Gustavo Adolfo , Agudelo-Botero Ana María
Published: March 2021

Los sistemas de conductos radiculares presentan una variada conformación morfológica para cada grupo de piezas dentarias. Diversos autores han presentado en diferentes clasificaciones su conformación anatómica y sus variantes. Tenemos los conductos principales, colaterales, laterales, secundario, accesorio, interconducto, recurrente, delta apical y cavo interradicular. La radiología actual aún no permite la visualización de todas estas estructuras; sin embargo, el uso adecuado de las técnicas imagenológicas, junto con el empleo de nuevos equipos 3D por ajustes de parámetros de adquisición con adecuados software y algoritmos, permite una precisión mayor en las imágenes lo que favorece la observación de finos detalles útiles para el diagnóstico y abordaje de los tratamientos endodónticos. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar nuevos conceptos y herramientas imagenológicas útiles para obtener mejores diagnósticos.
Importancia de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico en el reconocimiento de la trayectoria y sus variantes anatómicas del canal mandibular. Una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cajahuanca Igreda Heddiksson Mario , Llaguno Rubio Jhoana Mercedes , Medina Ocampo Paola Elena
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre la importancia del uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) en el reconocimiento de la trayectoria y las variantes del canal mandibular (VCM), ya que esta permite obtener imágenes de alta calidad, con una exactitud de 94%, aproximadamente, mientras que la radiografía intraoral periapical (RIP) tiene un 53% y la radiografía extraoral panorámica (REP) presenta un 17% de exactitud. Las incidencias de las variantes del canal mandibular en estudios realizados utilizando TCHC fueron entre un 1,3% y un 69%. Estas pueden diferir entre los pacientes de diferentes orígenes étnicos y, a su vez, dentro de la misma población étnica; además, hay grandes diferencias en los tipos y configuraciones de las VCM dentro de cada grupo étnico. Estudios realizados han demostrado histológicamente el contenido de las VCM; la presencia de haces de nervios y arterias de diferentes calibres sugieren también que los pacientes presentan síntomas clínicos solamente si el paquete neurovascular alcanza cierto tamaño y número de fascículos. En este estudio se describieron las diferentes clasificaciones realizadas y actualizadas con TCHC.
Rasgos antropométricos craneofaciales de interés odontológico forense en la estimación de sexo, grupo étnico y edad. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Castillo-Páez José Alberto , Villasmil-Suárez Luis Guillermo , Guada-Melet Natacha Valentina
Published: March 2021

Una de las funciones principales del antropólogo y del odontólogo forense es la de, mediante métodos no rutinarios, dar con la identidad de un sujeto gracias a sus características físicas observables. Esas características, especialmente las óseas, permiten al profesional identificar el sexo, la edad y la incidencia racial de los restos u osamentas que puedan hallar. El odontólogo centra su atención en rasgos pertenecientes al sistema estomatognático, mientras que el antropólogo estudio el conjunto de huesos que componen de forma general el cuerpo humano. En este estudio, se busca exponer los rasgos antropométricos craneofaciales propios del estudio del antropólogo para estimar sexo, grupo étnico y edad, que son de interés odontológico y útiles para la identificación de restos óseos u osamentas. Se analizan las investigaciones realizadas para la determinación del sexo, la incidencia racial y la edad, además de un aporte acerca de la denominada antropología dental, que estudia los elementos propios del sistema estomatognático desde el punto de vista antropológico. Se revisó literatura electrónica mediante buscadores como PubMed, Google Académico y SciELO, con las palabras “ForensicDentistry”, “ForensicAnthropology”, “Sex Determination”, “Ancestry Determination” y “Age Determination”. A partir de lo hallado, se concluyó que es de gran importancia para el odontólogo el conocimiento de los rasgos antropológicos craneofaciales desde el punto de vista forense para la individualización, así como la significancia de la interdisciplinariedad entre el trabajo del odontólogo y el del antropólogo para la labor de identificación.
Imaging technologies for the detection of sinus pathologies of odontogenic origin. A review
Authors: Lozano González Óscar , Salas Orozco Marco Felipe
Published: March 2021

Sinus pathologies of odontogenic origin (SPO) are common in the clinical consultation; however, the dentist has some complications to detect them because their discovery is usually incidental and through imaging studies that, in most cases, are of low quality. The objective of this review is to describe the pertinent imaging resources that allow the detection of the most frequent SPO and, at the same time, carry out an updated review of the scientific literature in order to recognize the imaging of both the maxillary sinus and the dental organs. The scientific literature focused on this topic, published between 2014 and 2020, was consulted. The review showed two important results: the first is that Cone Beam Tomography (CBCT) represents the imaging modality with the best performance for the detection of SPO by what can be considered the gold standard for this purpose. The second is that the most frequent SPO is sinus mucositis, which is related to odontogenic conditions such as periapical lesions and periodontal affectations. Although Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is the most appropriate tool to detect SPO compared to images obtained by 2D devices, there are also other alternatives such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, which seem to have a promising future.
La “nueva odontología”. Debemos estar preparados para los cambios
Authors: Perona-Miguel de Priego Guido Alberto , Mungi Castañeda Sabina
Published: March 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es proporcionar a los cirujanos dentistas que atienden a niños y adolescentes, durante y después de la pandemia de COVID-19, sugerencias de atención con alternativas de tratamiento mínimamente invasivas para disminuir el riesgo de infección viral cruzada y ofrecer un entorno clínico más seguro.
Evaluation of Decontamination Efficacy of Electrolytically Generated
Hypochlorous Acid for the Vesicating Agent: A Multimodel Study
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Shukla Sandeep Kumar , Kalonia Aman , Shaw Priyanka , Khanna Kushagra , Yashavarddhan M. H. , Gupta Richa , Bhatnagar Aseem
Published: March 2021

Background:

Sulfur Mustard is a strong vesicant and chemical warfare agent that imposes toxicity to the lungs, eyes, and skin after accidental or intended exposure.

Objectives:

The current study was intended to explore in vitro and in vivo decontamination properties of electrolytically generated HOCl (hypochlorous acid) against CEES (2-chloroethyle ethyle sulphide), a known sulfur mustard simulant & vesicating agent.

Methods:

In vitro studies were carried out using UV spectroscopy and GC-MS methods. In vivo studies were perfomred in Strain A and immune compromised mice by subcutaneous as well as prophylactic topical administrion of HOCl pretreated CEES. The blister formation and mortality were considered as end-point. Histopathological study was conducted on skin samples by H & E method. DNA damage studies measuring γ-H2AX and ATM has been carried out in human blood using flow cytometry. Anti-bacterial action was tested by employing broth micro dilution methods. Comparative study was also carried out with known oxidizing agents.

Results:

The topical application of pre-treated CEES at 5, 30 min and 1 h time points showed significant (p<0.001) inhibition of blister formation. DNA damage study showed reduced mean flourences intensity of DSBs nearly 17-20 times, suggesting that HOCl plays a protective role against DNA damage. Histopathology showed no sign of necrosis in the epidermis upto 5 min although moderate changes were observed at 30 min. Pretreated samples were analyzed for detection of reaction products with m/z value of 75.04, 69.08, 83.93, 85.95, 123.99, 126.00, and 108.97. HOCl showed strong bactericidal effect at 40 ppm. The absorbance spectra of HOCl treated CEES showed lowered peaks in comparison to CEES alone and other oxidizing agents

Conclusion:

In a nutshell, our results signify the decontamination role of HOCl for biological surface application.
Business Design and Feasibility Of Doria Cafe Start Up Supported by Website Application in Bandung City
Authors: Litamurni Fahira Alyayusi , Chumaidiyah Endang
Published: March 2021

Patria Donut is one of the start up businesses home-scale donut making established in 2018. Patria Donut produce in accordance with the number of orders from distributors and only in accordance with the desire to generate sales for end buyers. The location is difficult to reach by the customer makes this business unpopular. Seeing this fact, the owner wants to expand his business by opening a cafe in a more strategic location, in Jalan Lombok. We should do feasibility analysis by opening this café. The market is conducted by spreading questionnaires to 100 respondents (target 16-39 years) in Bandung. The results showed a potential market of 86%, 98% available market, and the target market the company aimed at 0.8% of the available market. Meanwhile technical aspects and financial aspects based on secondary data from various sources. The financial calculation obtained from the NVP value for 2020-2024 are Rp 229.258.502,00, the IRR percentage is 26,69%, and PBP is 4 years and 4 months. IRR obtained is greater than the MARR value of 9.95% and NVP is positive. From these parameters, the opening of the Doria Cafe on Lombok Street, Bandung was feasible. We used website to support this business design.
The Influence of Homogenization on Corrosion Rate of Zinc as Sacrificial Anode for API 5L X65 Steel
Authors: Fitriani Siti Noor , Setyarini Putu Hadi , Risonarta Victor Yuardi
Published: March 2021

Corrosion is a material degradation due to electrochemical reactions involving electrical current. Corrosion cannot be avoided but it can be managed. This work investigated the influence of holding time and temperature variation for the homogenization process of Zinc (Zn) alloy. This zinc alloy is used as a sacrificial anode to decrease the corrosion rate of API 5L X65 steel. The investigation was performed with 3 varied holding times of 2, 4 and 6 hours of homogenization process while the temperature was varied at 150, 250 and 350ºC. After that, a zinc alloy with a size of 40mm x 0.44 mm x 10 mm was connected to a cathode.  Together with steel, both metals formed galvanic cells in this study. The metal with lower electricity potential became the anode and corroded. On the other hand, metal with higher electrical potential became the cathode and did not corrode. The lowest corrosion rate was obtained for homogenization at 150ºC and 2 hours holding time. At this condition, the corrosion rate decreased by 38.36%. This occurred since higher temperatures and longer holding time of Zinc homogenization resulted in bigger and rougher grains.
Influence of Surface Roughness and Paint Coating on Corrosion Rate
Authors: Akbar Dekrit H. , Purnami Purnami , Budio Sugeng Prayitno
Published: March 2021

The technology of paint and its application develop fast, driven by the increasing cost of energy, raw material and labors. In this study, paint was used as a corrosion inhibitor on the surface of API 5L while saltwater is used as the corrosive media. The coating was varied for three different cases, i.e. primary coating only, primary and color coating as well as primary, color and glossy coating. Meanwhile, surface roughness was varied for 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 μm. It is concluded that surface roughness and coating influence the corrosion rate. Smoother the surface and more coating layers lower the corrosion rate. Based on the study on API 5L steel, the lowest corrosion rate was obtained at 0.6 μm with 3 paint coatings (primary, color paint and clear/gloss)
Classification of Impact Damage on A Rubber-Textile Conveyor Belt: A Review
Authors: Alviari Luana Putri , Anggamawarti Merlina Fitri , Sanjiwani Yudistira , Risonarta Victor Yuardi
Published: March 2021

A conveyor belt is one type of goods transportation in technological processes, particularly in the mining industry. The belt is the important material and principal part of the conveyor belt. The overall quality of the conveyor belt as its service life and impact loads are very important factors. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to classify the types of impact damage that may occur in rubber-textile conveyor belts. In many works, many types of conveyor belts are tested at various levels and the type of impacting material. The level of damage occurred is investigated by using probability theory. Particularly, the evaluation of experimental test data and predictive modeling is carried out using the Naïve Bayes classification.
Effect of SCADA Implementation to Productivity in Ammunition Industry: A Review
Authors: Sanjiwani Yudistira , Risonata Victor Yuardi , Afif Ilham , Subarkah Salim
Published: March 2021

Within the last years, global industries are hyping over Industry Revolution 4.0. Utilizing the computer science combining with the mechatronics, each industry strives to increase productivity and efficiency. Of those industries is the ammunition industry. Regarded as one of the strategic industry of a nation, the ammunition industry needs to quickly adapt to the technological advance, the beginning of a new era. The old-schooled method in production control is outdated and needs to be replaced. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), one of the newest method for production control, has been developed for several years. The exact form of implementation is however yet fixed. It has to be specifically developed for each industry, i.e. the ammunition industry in this case. With the rapidly growing information technology and science, the ammunition industry is expected to be able to implement the best suited control system to increase and to optimize its production capacity.
Comparison of The Use of Number and Type of Spark Plugs on One Cylinder Gasoline Machine Performance
Authors: Fariza Ahmad , Wonoko Yuniarto Agus , Ro’isatin Umi Anis
Published: March 2021

The basic concept of a combustion motor is to convert chemical energy into heat energy and then convert it to mechanical energy. Heat energy is produced from the combustion process between a mixture of fuel and air with a pressure difference triggered by  spark (flame). The objective is to determine the difference in power, torque, and average effective pressure by adding the number of spark plugs and using the standard type of spark plug and iridium on a single-cylinder engine. The engine performance testing method uses P-max to get power, while the analysis uses experimental design, the data processing method uses DOE-factorial and the Minitab application 18. Power test for a standard spark plug resulted in 7.93 HP, 0.89 kgm torque and 1207.66 kPa average effective pressure. For iridium spark plug the test produced 9.02 HP, it is  0.91 kg.m for torque and average effective pressure is 1226.32 Kpa. For two standard spark plugs, the power was 9.38 HP, torque was 0.93 kg.m, and the average effective pressure was 1269.96 kPa. Whereas the two iridium spark plugs produced 9.59 HP, 0.91 kg.m torque, and  1277.78  kPa average effective pressure.
Corrosion Behavior of Ternary Zr-25Ti-5Sn Alloy Doped with Ge as Biomaterials Implant in Simulation Body Fluid Solution
Authors: Pratama Naufal Randi , Faizal Faizal , Prajitno Djoko Hadi
Published: March 2021

Corrosion research of metal alloys of Zr-25Ti-5Sn and Zr-25Ti-3Sn-2Geas biomaterials has been carried out in fluid solution. Zr-25Ti-5Snalloy is a ternary metal alloy developed for hard tissue biomaterials. Zr-25Ti-5Sn and Zr-25Ti-3Sn-2Ge alloys is melted in electric arc furnace. After being melted Zr-25Ti-5Sn and Zr-25Ti-3Sn-2Ge were characterized by optical microscopy. Hardness testing was carried out by the hardness microvickers method to determine the effect of germanium addition on Zr-25Ti-5Sn alloys. Corrosion testing of ternary metal alloys Zr-25Ti-5Sn and Zr-25Ti-3Sn-2Ge was carried out by the Tafel polarization method using three electrode systems. From the results of microstructure examination with optical microscope, the microstructure found in the ternary metal alloy Zr-25Ti-5Sn and Zr-25Ti-3Sn-2Ge are parallel plates and dendritic. The hardness test results show that the addition of germanium to the Zr-25Ti-5Sn ternary alloy increased the hardness of the alloy. Corrosion test results on ternary alloy Zr-25Ti-5Sn and Zr-25Ti-3Sn-2Geindicated that corrosion resistance of Zr-25Ti-5Snincreased when no addition of Germanium to Zr-25Ti-5Snalloy.
Synthesis Polymer Matrix Composite Epoxy-FeNdB-Mn for Radar Absorbing Material Application
Authors: Juniansyah Gibran , Lathifah Sri Mulyati , Prajitno Djoko Hadi
Published: March 2021

In recent years, applications using electromagnetic wave technology have grown rapidly. One of them is in the military field, the wave-absorbing material used to avoid detection such as aircraft, ships, or tanks requires a super thin absorbent material which has extraordinary absorption. One of the criteria for a wave absorbing material is a soft magnet and has a high Reflection Loss (RL). This research aims to see the effect of the addition of FeNdB and Mn on the synthesis of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) as a wave-absorbing material.The FeNdB milling process and Mechanical Alloying (MA) with Mn were carried out using a Planetary Ball Mill (PBM) at a speed of 1000 rpm for 60 minutes. synthesis of PMC by varying the composition of epoxy resin with magnetic powder 95: 5; 90:10; 85: 5. Based on the characterization results, the optimum RL was obtained at a composition of 85: 5 with a value of -22.40 dB at a frequency of 10.40 GHz and the magnetic properties after the addition of Mn were obtained HcJ 0.116 kOe and Br 0.41 kG. PMC hardness increased with the increase of powder in the sample with the highest value of 29.2 HD Shore D and the adhesion decreased with the addition of powder in the sample with the lowest value of 1 MPa.
The Contribution of Absorptive Capacities to New Innovative Product Development Performance: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Handiwibowo Gogor Arif , Nadlifatin Reny , Bhawika Gita Widi , Noer Lissa Rosdiana
Published: March 2021

The wave of Covid-19 has forced the industry to transform so that the products produced can remain competitive in the market. Old products in the period before Covid-19 certainly no longer have the same competitive performance as today, so the industry is required to be able to develop new product innovations that can excel in the market. To be able to produce innovative new products, the industry requires sufficient knowledge. The ability of industries to be able to acquire and implement knowledge is called absorptive capacity. In various previous studies, absorptive capacity has four aspects including acquisition capacity, assimilation capacity, transformation capacity and exploitation capacity. In this article the conceptual framework for the relationship between aspects of absorptive capacity and the performance of new products is presented. We hypothesize that there are interesting correlations between aspects of absorptive capacity and new product development performance.
Design Business and Website on the Establishment of Tour Guide and Tour & Travel Platform
Authors: Yenny Yenny , Chumaidiyah Endang , Tripiawan Wawan
Published: March 2021

Indonesia is a country with 16,056 islands, well known for its natural wonders and cultural heritages. Indonesia’s Travel and Tourism Competitive Index is 4.3. There is a good opportunity in establishing a business involving tour guide and tour package providers. In this paper, feasibility analysis is done based on market, technical, and financial aspect. The market aspect result shows total demand projection, which is 9,881 and 269 for tour guide booking transaction and tour package provider membership respectively during the first year of establishment. The technical aspect result shows the business process design, website design, and the operational need of the business. The total time needed for overall business process is 689.83 hours in the first year. And to operate the business the numbers of employees needed are one each for managing director, marketing, website admin, tour package provider manager, and tour guide manager. Two employees are also needed for each financial department and call centre position. The financial aspect result shows that the NPV of this business is IDR 162,798,046. The payback period is 4.339 years, and the IRR is 24.47%. The salary increase, demand decrease, and price decrease sensitivity are 6.96%, 2.86%, and 0.94% respectively.
Designing Strategy of Indonesia Port Car Terminal Based on Analysis of Profitability Ratio Before And After the IPO
Authors: Ilman Hanif Insan , Chumaidiyah Endang , Zulbetti Rita
Published: March 2021

Indonesia has managed to get out of the low-income zone and into the middle-income zone. However, Indonesia still has a challenge that is to get out of the middle-income trap zone. These challenges must be resolved by improving the performance of BUMN. Indonesia Port Center Terminal is one of the BUMN subsidiary companies precisely a subsidiary of Indonesia Port Center II (Persero). The purpose of the study was to determine differences in performance indicators before and after the IPO in profitability ratios, namely ROA, ROE, OPM, and NPM and recommendations for performance improvement strategies. The data obtained is based on the 2016-2019 financial statements and questionnaires to expert judgment. The method used is the Wilcoxon Paired t-Test, AHP, and SWOT test. The results of the Wilcoxon Paired t-Test test before and after the IPO were no difference. The results of the company's SWOT analysis are in the position of quadrant I (strength and opportunities). The recommended strategy applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy that prioritizes the strengths and opportunities of the company.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (Hira) Analysis of Nanotechnology Laboratory in Universities in Indonesia
Authors: Kustono Djoko , Puspitasari Poppy , Irsyad Muhammad Al , Nursabrina Aisya , Adesta Erry Yulian Triblas
Published: March 2021

The article describes a concept of health and safety to conduct research in Nanomaterial Laboratory in Two Public University in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The utilization of nanomaterials in the world of education has been done in two universities in Malang, namely Malang State University and Brawijaya University. The nanomaterial laboratory as a means for research and development of nanomaterial science that often creates hazards and risks of work accidents for its users, but things that are often not realized. Dangers and risks of work accidents caused by the absence of standards. This research focuses on hazards and accidents in the nanomaterial laboratory using the HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment) method, which is then followed by a variety of independent variables. The population in this study were nanomaterial researchers at two universities in Malang. Based on the results of trials between respondents 'competency expertise with the level of risk of workplace accidents in the nanomaterial laboratory obtained p- value 0.00 (<0.05), meaning that there is a significant relationship between the respondents' scientific conservation and the level of work accident risk in the nanomaterials laboratory. Furthermore, the results of the study were also obtained between the research respondents with the level of risk of work accidents in the nanomaterial laboratory with a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05), meaning that there was a significant correlation between the respondent's research experience and the level of work accident risk in the nanomaterial laboratory.
Analysis and Design of Distribution Systems Information Flow in the Sugar Supply Chain in Indonesia
Authors: Ekawati Ratna , Arkeman Yandra , Suprihatin Suprihatin , Sunarti Titi Candra
Published: March 2021

Today's modern supply chain represents a complex and real-time, organization, resource, activity, information, and data source that is involved in the distribution of products and services ranging from upstream to downstream of the supply chain. In the past 4.0 supply chain technology was not just a linear business function, but as the center of the main process of ecosystems that are in a blind spot chained by value. With information as a foundation in the decision-making process so that information can create integrated and efficiently coordinated supply chains. So that it can show continuity from planning to production, inventory, quality, and price control in each chain. An inefficient distribution that results in mistrust among stakeholders, because it has an impact on the decline and loss of value chain in quality and quantity. Integrity problems from the data collected were found in this study. These findings include the identification of various stakeholders, including farmers, importers to customers, and regulators, as well as their needs, which will be described through the use case, and BPMN. The results obtained are that the main actors (stakeholders) of the system are divided into farmers, importers, processing factories, headquarters, hauling services, and markets (customers) in the distribution of product information flow systems. Suggests tracking and tracing based on real-time data flow of product information coming from each actor in the sugar supply chain that is equipped with an accurate data distribution information support system.
Risk Analysis in Halal Fast Food Supply Chain Restaurant using Risk Map Method
Authors: Amalia Putri , Handayani Nurfitria , Apriza Maeva , Kusrini Elisa
Published: March 2021

Halal food has increasing demand in recent years. Many countries are promoting its tourism and culinary by providing halal status. In order to implement Halal system which is used to obtain Halal status, the culinary or restaurant company should accomplish several requirements that covers from many stakeholders in their supply chain management such as supplier, logistics, and production process. Hence, there are some risks obtained in conducting Halal supply chain system. The risks found at this research are from its business process which is procurement, raw material delivery, inventory, production, and consumer. From those processes, the risks discovered are listed and assigned with their severity and probability, ended up in Risk Priority Index. The risks then ranked and mapped in the risk map in order to know which risks that has high impacts. Some responses are proposed to overcome the critical risks, such as sanitary checking before delivered to the customer, make some chambers, and make SOP related to hygiene of the kitchen.
Fast algorithm for calculating autocorrelation function in code synthesis tasks by enumerative technique
Authors: Korobeinikov A. V.
Published: March 2021

The fast algorithm for calculating the autocorrelation function (ACF) of a binary code is developed in relation to the problem of synthesizing codes with a given ACF by enumerative technique. The algorithm is applicable for any duration of the N code. The computational complexity of calculating the ACF is 2N multiplication operations and 2N addition operations. The linear dependence of computational complexity on the duration of the N code is noted. To calculate the ACF of the newly created code combination, the previous code, its ACF, and the index of the changed code element are used. The condition of applicability of the algorithm is that the search of code combinations must be performed by changing only one element in the current code combination. An enumerative technique is proposed that allows a complete enumertion of all 2N existing combinations by sequentially changing the code combination of just one element.