bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System analysis of resource interaction processes in the biotechnological system
Authors: Zybin D G , Belokurov S V , Belokurova E V , Sotnikov N V , Bokadarov S A
Published: May 2021

The paper provides mathematical modeling of processes occurring in the biotechnological system, using the example of the interaction of functional microorganisms with contaminating microflora, which is currently a promising scientific direction. The analysis showed that there are no existing studies on this issue, as well as systematic and integrated approaches to solving this problem that allow describing the processes under consideration. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and build a system model that reflects the full range of interactions between useful and extraneous populations of microorganisms in the production of bakery products. System analysis and mathematical modeling of microbiological processes is a complex task. It is necessary to take into account a lot of factors, such as the simultaneous flow of several non-stationary processes; a lot of state parameters, including the analysis of relationships between them; changes in real-time technological parameters, in particular the main resource, taking into account various properties of microbial populations that affect the behavior of microbiological systems (mortality, birth rate, the existence of extraneous microflora, etc.), and other factors that directly affect the quality of the finished product. These factors characterize the complexity of forming a mathematical model that allows you to take into account all the main features of the production of bakery products. The existing mathematical apparatus and the system analysis of this kind of production carried out before considered the behavior of the population of beneficial microorganisms, but did not contain an analysis of the effect of contaminating microflora on it. The problem can be reduced to a system of differential equations describing the microbiological process as a whole. To describe the General model needed to describe an unknown function, including constraints on the parameters. In addition, you must set the initial and boundary conditions and determine the coefficients of the model. The paper offers a system model for analyzing the effect of plant additives on biotechnological properties and test quality indicators. The presented system model allows you to continue the study of the issues raised in the work, by further studying its components.
Application of Bayesian networks and Petri nets apparatus for the study of projects implementation calendar plans
Authors: Azarnova T V , Beloshitskiy A A , Kashirina I L
Published: May 2021

Time schedules reflect the main aspects of the projects implementation related to the work completion time, its financing, resource provision and risk distribution. This article proposes mechanisms for studying the time schedules of projects implemented in conditions of risk and uncertainty. The mechanisms developed in the framework of the study are based on the use of colored Petri and Bayes nets apparatus. The use of these tools allows to simulate the execution of project work under certain evidence, restrictions or rules for the allocation of resources between them. Colored Petri nets with predicative transitions allow simulating the overall dynamics of the project. Bayesian networks are used to assess the risks of individual project activities based on available evidence. Based on the results of the simulation modelling, the time parameters of the events and activities of the project are calculated, and the possibility of the project being completed within the scheduled time is assessed. The work examines different options for the distribution of project resources, taking into account and not taking into account competition between works and a possible shortage of resources.
Algorithms and methods for extracting knowledge about objects defined by arrays of empirical data using ANN models
Authors: Arzamastsev A A , Zenkova N A , Kazakov N A
Published: May 2021

Most Data Mining techniques are based on traditional methods of constructing mathematical models and their parametric identification. The article considers the technology of extracting knowledge about objects, given by empirical data arrays. It is based on detecting some characteristic features in the object generating these data. They can include dynamic and static characteristics; delays in various channels; inertia of channels or inertia combined with delay; different channel sensitivity; bypass and certain classes of nonlinearities. We also considered the objects that are characterized by a constant flow of new data, which makes it necessary to retrain the model. As a tool for obtaining knowledge in this work, the apparatus of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is used. It includes a structure builder, which allows you to quickly change the structure of ANN models and machine training algorithms. This enables you to successfully solve parametric identification problems. Algorithms and methods of knowledge extraction have been developed for these tasks. Examples that confirm the possibility of their use are given.
Development and automation of the algorithm for determining the enthalpy of formation for organic compounds
Authors: Akhmetyanova A I
Published: May 2021

The best solution for the development of chemical and technical processes is possible if there is reliable information on the physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of chemical compounds only. An urgent task is the development of universal theoretical methods for calculating and predicting the properties of chemical compounds, which make it possible to independently assess the energy content of a substance, identify incorrect data and, ultimately, reliably determine the thermal effects of chemical reactions, which is important for the development of technological regulations and conscious control of chemical processes. The work is devoted to the description of the mathematical apparatus for constructing the basis of homodesmic reactions on the example of cyclic compounds.
Computer analysis of differential systems stability based on linearization and matrix multiplicative criteria
Authors: Bulanov S G
Published: May 2021

This article proposes a method of stability analysis in the sense of Lyapunov for systems of ordinary differential equations. The method is based on stability criteria in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions. The criteria are obtained from matrix multiplicative transformations of difference numerical integration schemes. The form of the criteria entails the possibility of their cyclical software implementation as a cycle based on the number of cofactors. It is mathematically substantiated that the replacement of an infinite matrix product by a finite product, which is necessary in the programming process, preserves the reliability of the stability analysis according to the proposed criteria. We studied the influence of inaccuracy of the difference solution of the system on the reliability of the computer analysis of stability.
Method and model for quantitative assessment of the performance indicator of information security systems against unauthorized access in automated systems based on a computational experiment
Authors: Bulgakov O M , Kadnova A M , Meshcheryakov V A , Kuznetsov D N
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the solution of the practical problem of a quantitative assessment of the quality characteristic «usability» of information security systems against unauthorized access in automated systems in the secure version. The main operator who interacts with the information security system against unauthorized access during its operation is a security administrator. This interaction is carried out through the interface of the security program. Therefore, for this category of users, the most relevant assessment is the characteristic «usability» of the quality of functioning of the information security system against unauthorized access. The method of evaluating this characteristic involves assessment of the operation code, probabilistic and time indicators, based on the experiment. The obtained values of these indicators can be further used in the comparative analysis of the «usability» characteristic of information security systems against unauthorized access of various classes, during the development of work plans for information security services, and the justification of requirements for the organization and structure of information security services.
Identification of semantic objects in information stream
Authors: Vishnyakov Y M , Vishnyakov R Y
Published: May 2021

This work formulates and describes a formal approach to the identification of semantic objects in text streams. The reasoning is based on the theoretical provisions of the computational theory of semantic interpretation in terms of the computational representation of the semantics of text fragments and their comparison for semantic proximity. The proposed approach makes it possible to reveal the semantic traces of objects in text streams and to carry out their identification using them. A characteristic feature of the proposed approach is its use for identification of the grammatical structure of texts. We provide illustration for the given examples.
Intelligent analysis of the list of technological operations for the problem of developing of functional simulators stowage and installation-mooring of the landing gear
Authors: Demidova L A , Mordakin B Yu
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to investigate the number and assortment of training solutions required to perform technical operations involved in parachute packing and landing platform mounting and mooring. The article proposes a novel approach to the identification of the number and value of the attributes of technical operations, which takes into consideration objective information and expert assessment results. The article presents an algorithm aimed at the identification of the number and assortment of training solutions based on the algorithm of DBSCAN cluster analysis and promoting the calibration of expert assessments in order to improve clustering quality. The results of experimental research prove the feasibility of dividing technical operations into clusters whose quantity and composition are predicted by experts and are practically relevant.
Algorithmic properties of some fragments of concatenation theory
Authors: Karlov B
Published: May 2021

The paper considers two fragments of the word theory with concatenation. The first fragment has two relations denoting that one of the words is a prefix (respectively, a suffix) of another one. It is proved that this theory is algorithmically equivalent to elementary arithmetic and, therefore, undecidable. The second fragment has a countable set of power operations. It is proved that this theory admits effective quantifier elimination and is, therefore, decidable.
Prototype mobile application definitions fresh products based on neural network
Authors: Korobova L A , Matytsina I A , Tolstova I S , Mironova M S
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the functioning of the image classifier. The results of the process of research and implementation of the food freshness classifier using mobile phones to obtain product images are presented. Comparison of other approaches to reducing the risk of food poisoning is given. Provides research information on the collection of images for the classification of food and the classification of their freshness. A workable android application for recognizing the freshness of food has been implemented. Based on the analysis of the results of the training sample, the objects under study are ranked in order to determine the freshness of the product.
Improvement of methods for thermal energy metering in apartment buildings with a vertical heating system
Authors: Kuznetsov A V , Sheps R A
Published: May 2021

The article briefly discusses the problems of heat energy metering in an apartment building. We mention the main types of metering devices, including heat cost allocators of different kinds. We describe the problems of thermal energy metering in a heating system with vertical heating contour. Also, we indicate the possibility of using the methods of mathematical physics for heat energy metering.
Development of software systems for the design of technically complex products
Authors: Martyanov E I , Malygin E N
Published: May 2021

In the article, we propose the algorithm of development of program system which can be applied to designing technically complex products for the mathematical description of which the systems of differential equations with partial derivatives are used. This system allows us to obtain more accurate results than engineering methods and is relatively easy to use. As an example of implementing the proposed algorithm, we have created a subject-oriented software system designed to solve the problem of determining a two-blade stirrer’s design parameters and operating characteristics.
Piecewise interpolation solution of ordinary differential equations with application to numerical modeling problems
Authors: Romm Ya E , Dzhanunts G A
Published: May 2021

Piecewise interpolation approximation of functions of one real variable, derivatives and integrals is constructed with the help of Lagrange and Newton interpolation polynomials. The polynomials are transformed to the form of algebraic polynomials with numerical coefficients by means of restoring the polynomial coefficients by its roots. Formulas different from Vieta’s formulas are applied. In the resulting form, the polynomials interpolate the right-hand sides of ordinary differential equations, the expression of the antiderivative ones is used to approximate the solution. Iterative refinement is performed. Error estimates and results of numerical experiments for stiff and non-stiff problems in physical, chemical models and other processes are presented.
Mathematical modeling of zooplankton productivity in the Azov Sea in summer on a high-performance computer system
Authors: Sukhinov A I , Belova Y V , Lyapunova I A , Nikitina A V
Published: May 2021

The work is devoted to modeling of eurythermal and stenothermal zooplankton populations productivity in the Azov Sea in summer. The discretization of the problem was carried out using difference schemes of a higher order of accuracy, taking into account the filling of the calculated cells. The grid equations obtained as a result of the proposed mathematical model of biological kinetics discretization were solved by a modified adaptive variable-triangular method, which has a higher convergence rate in comparison with the existing methods of the variational type. A parallel algorithm for solving the problem on a high-performance computing system was developed, which made it possible to significantly reduce the time of the numerical solution of the problem. With the help of mathematical modeling, the analysis of various ways of development of the Azov Sea ecosystem was carried out, the influence of the gelatinous invasive on the production and de-struction processes of phyto- and zooplankton was researched. The developed software module, oriented to a multiprocessor computing system, can be effectively used for predictive modeling of interrelated hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes in a shallow water body in summer.
Means, quasi-scalar product and covariance of fuzzy numbers
Authors: Khatskevich V L
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we discuss extreme properties of means of fuzzy numbers. The proposed new definition quasi-scalar product and covariance between fuzzy numbers, and their properties are considered. As an application of the introduced concepts, the problem of optimal linear approximation of a fuzzy number by a given system of fuzzy numbers is considered.
Assessing monocyte phenotype in poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogels formed by orthogonal thiol–norbornene chemistry
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Lin Chien-Chi
Published: May 2021

Hydrogels with tunable properties are highly desirable in tissue engineering applications as they can serve as artificial extracellular matrix to control cellular fate processes, including adhesion, migration, differentiation, and other phenotypic changes via matrix induced mechanotransduction. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA) is an natural anionic polypeptide that has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and water solubility. Moreover, the abundant carboxylic acids on PGA can be readily modified to introduce additional functionality or facilitate chemical crosslinking. PGA and its derivatives have been widely used in tissue engineering applications. However, no prior work has explored orthogonal crosslinking of PGA hydrogels by thiol–norbornene (NB) chemistry. In this study, we report the synthesis and orthogonal crosslinking of PGA-norbornene (PGANB) hydrogels. PGANB was synthesized by standard carbodiimide chemistry and crosslinked into hydrogels via either photopolymerization or enzymatic reaction. Moduli of PGA hydrogels were readily tuned by controlling thiol–NB crosslinking conditions or stoichiometric ratio of functional groups. Orthogonally crosslinked PGA hydrogels were used to evaluate the influence of mechanical cues of hydrogel substrate on the phenotype of naïve human monocytes and M0 macrophages in 3D culture.
Varied farm-level carbon intensities of corn feedstock help reduce corn ethanol greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Kwon Hoyoung , Wang Michael
Published: May 2021

A reduction in the overall carbon intensity (CI) of a crop-based biofuel can be achieved by cutting down the CI of the biofuel’s feedstock, which in turn correlates significantly to agricultural management practices. Proposals are being made to incentivize low-carbon biofuel feedstocks under U.S. fuel regulatory programs to promote sustainable farming practices by individual farms. For such an incentive scheme to function properly, robust data collection and verification are needed at the farm level. This study presents our collaboration with U.S. private sector companies to collect and verify the corn production data necessary for feedstock-specific CI calculation at the farm level, through a carefully designed questionnaire, to demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of data collection at scale. We surveyed 71 farms that produced 0.2 million metric tons of corn grain in 2018 in a Midwestern U.S. state to obtain information on key parameters affecting corn ethanol feedstock CI, such as grain yields, fertilizer/chemical application rates, and agronomic practices. Feedstock-specific CI was calculated in the unit of grams (g) CO2 equivalent (CO2e) of greenhouse gases per kilogram (kg) of corn produced. Results showed large CI variations—from 119 to 407 g CO2e kg−1 of corn—due to the farm-level inventory, while the production-weighted average CI for all surveyed farms was 210 g CO2e kg−1, comparable to the national average CI of 204 g CO2e kg−1. The nitrogen fertilizer type applied and rate were identified as key factors contributing most to CI variations at the farm level. The estimated N2O emissions from fertilizer and biomass nitrogen inputs to soil accounted for 51% of the overall farm-level CI and therefore need to be better monitored at farm level with high resolution. We concluded that this feedstock-specific, farm-level CI evaluation has the potential to be used to incentivize low-carbon feedstock for biofuel production.
Physio-Morphology of Pickerelweed (Monochoria vaginalis) in Various Soil Moisture Levels
Authors: Setiawan A N , Sarjiyah  , Sintadevi A
Published: May 2021

Rice is an important food crop for Indonesia, but its productivity is still low, which is 5.11 tons/ha. One of the factors causing the low productivity of rice is pickerelweed (Monochoria vaginalis) which can reduce yields by 80%. This research was aimed to determine the physio-morphological character of pickerelweed at various soil moisture levels and obtain soil moisture levels which can suppress the growth of pickerelweed. The research was conducted with a single factor experimental method that was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments were soil moisture levels that consisting of 4 levels, i.e. field capacity, muddy, waterlogged 2 cm, and waterlogged 5 cm, and additional treatment is rice cultivation according to Good Agricultural Practice as a control. The results of the research showed that the moisture level of the field capacity and the muddy can reduce height, the number of leaves, plant growth rate, root length, shoots dry weight, and roots of pickerelweed, while the moisture level of waterlogged 2 cm and 5 cm increase height, the number of leaves, leaf area, weed growth rate, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of pickerelweed.
Sugarcane growth and yields in response to long-term monoculture practices under different soil orders
Authors: Kusumawati A , Hanudin E , Purwanto B H , Nurudin M
Published: May 2021

Indonesia is the seventh largest sugar producer in the world. Monoculture sugarcane cultivation has been practiced since the Dutch era, especially in the Entisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols soil orders. The field research with this multilocation design aims to determine the effect of the monoculture sugarcane cultivation period (1–10, 11–20 and 21–30 years) on the growth and yield of sugarcane plants under the three soil orders. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance and correlation was conducted to determine the effects of soil orders and monoculture period. The results showed that there were significant interactions between monoculture period and soil order on leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight, plant height, stalk diameters, number of stalks, leaf area, number of green leaf, root CEC, root length, root surface and root area. There was no interaction between monoculture period and soil order on stalk fresh weight, stalk dry weight, root dry weight, number of nodes. The sucrose content of sugarcane in Entisols at the 1–10 years monoculture period significantly lower (6.03%) compared to 11–20 years period (7.37%) and 21–30 year (7.79%), whereas at the 1–10 years monoculture period in Inceptisols and Vertisols (7.99% and 8.04 %) was significantly higher than that of Entisols (6.03%). Sugarcane productivity at monoculture period 1–10 years in Entisols significantly lowest (49.38 t/ha) compared to Inceptisols (54.82 t/ha) and Vertisols (63.05 t/ha) at the same period, while the 21–30 years period on Vertisols significantly highest (76.18 t/ha) compared to 11–20 years period (68.73 t/ha) and 1–10 years period (63.05 t/ha) in same soil order. These conditions indicate that the effect of long-term monoculture cultivation of sugarcane on the growth and yield of sugarcane varies, depending on the soil order as the grow medium and root parameters have the highest correlation with sugarcane yield. Land management to improve the root area is necessary for optimal plant growth.
Insect Population in Rice Ecosystems with Various Types of Irrigation and Local Rice Varieties
Authors: Isnawan B H , Ramadhanti R
Published: May 2021

System of Rice Intensification is a new method of cultivation that has been widely done to improve the efficiency of water use, which can affect pest and predator populations. The research aims to determine the types of pests and natural enemies as predators in various irrigations and local varieties of rice. The study was conducted at the Research Field and Laboratory of Protection of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The research was carried out with a 3x4 Strip Plot Design in a Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The factor I was the type of irrigation, consisting of 3 types of treatment, namely conventional irrigation, SRI intermittent irrigation for 10 days inundated 5 days dried, and irrigation for 7 days inundated, 3 days dry. Factor II was rice variety, which consists of 4 varieties, namely Rojolele Genjah, Mentik Wangi, Pandan Wangi, and Ciherang. Observation of pests and predators was done once a week for 5 weeks using the Sweeping Net trap. The numbers of pests and predators were analyzed by Generalized Linear Model analysis. The difference in the mean was further tested by the Tukey test. The results showed that the method of irrigation and varieties gave different effects depending on the role of the insect. Types of irrigation do not affect the population of pests, but irrigation affects the predator population. Varieties affect pest populations and predators. Irrigation types and varieties interact in determining pest populations and predators.
Rice growth in a combined submergence and salinity stresses
Authors: Kurniasih B , Tarigan I , Firmansyah E , Indradewa D
Published: May 2021

The occurrence of submergence in agricultural land is increased by the climate change. The level of tolerance in crops depends on many factors including plant stages, duration of submergence. Level of crop tolerance to submergence is likely to decrease when other adverse factors such as salinity exist. Two experiments have been conducted to study the effect of a combined submergence and salinity on rice growth. First experiment studied the salt tolerance at early seedling stage while submerged. Split plot design was used with oxygen concentrations (with and without aeration) as the main plot and salinity levels (0.2, 50, 100 dan 150 mM NaCl) as the sub plot. Second experiment evaluated the length of submergence (one and two weeks) and salinity levels (0.2 and 50 mM NaCl) at older stages rice plants. The results showed that at early stages of seedlings, almost all growth variables have been decreased by salinity. The oxygen deficit reduced salt tolerance in rice seedlings. At older stages of rice, one-week submergence did not reduce rice growth. However, for two weeks submergence, rice submerged in saline water showed better growth compared to those submerged in non-saline water.
The Effect of Weight and Incubation Time in DNA Quality of Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) Leaves
Authors: Handayani E , Nandariyah  , Cahyani V R , Parjanto
Published: May 2021

Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) is a rare fruit plant which becomes the identity plant of the Yogyakarta Region. Kepel plants need to be conserved so they don’t become extinct Germplasm of kepel must be collected to get the genetic diversity of Kepel. Research on the genetic diversity of Kepel plants has never been done, so it needs the right method to obtain good quality DNA for molecular studies for future research. This study aims to obtain the best sample weight and incubation time to produce high-quality DNA for future research. This study used samples from young green leaves of kepel. DNA was extracted and purified from the leaves using a modified CTAB method to obtain DNA of kepel with high-purity and high-concentration. The result of DNA isolation and purification was analyzed by spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis method. The yield of DNA isolation on young kepel leaves had higher quality and quantity than DNA isolation on mature kepel leaves The results demonstrated that DNA isolation from young green leaves of kepel had a purity level of 1.64 – 2.01. In addition, it also showed that DNA isolation from young green leaves in weight 0.2 g with 30 minutes incubation gave the highest DNA concentration (880 ng/µl).
The Existence and Population Dynamic of New Fall Armyworm Species Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Nurkomar I , Putra I L I , Trisnawati D W , Saman M , Pangestu R G , Triyono A
Published: May 2021

Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a new pest in Indonesia that attacks corn plants. S. frugiperda larvae damage by eating the leaves to the growing point which can result in yield loss from 55 to 100%. This pest reportedly attacked corn plantations at the beginning of 2019 then spread almost throughout Indonesia. This study aims to study the distribution and population dynamic of S. frugiperda in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Preliminary research was conducted in Sleman and Bantul regency covering all district in these areas, then the research was continued in six corn fields in Bantul regency (Kasihan, Pajangan, Sedayu) district. The result show that the S. frugiperda has been spread throughout Bantul and Sleman District. The populations of S. frugiperda are different in each location, the density of each larvae ranged from 0-1 larvae per plant. Larvae population increased by increasing the age of plants. Mortality of S. frugiperda larvae found in the field was relatively low. Mortality is caused by fungal infections, entomopathogenic bacteria, parasitoid insect Tachinidae sp.1 and predatory insects Coccinella transversalis. The population rate was influenced by the internal factors of S. frugiperda itself that is the life cycle.
Nano Rice Husk Ash as Bulb Coating in Increasing Storability of Shallot Seed (Allium cepa var. aggregatum group)
Authors: Kokkwilai K , Hidayat T , Mulyono M , Utama N A
Published: May 2021

Shallot seed generally used form bulb that stored for short period, and it led to decrease the seed quality. Application of nano rice husk as that contain high silica could utilize as seed coating to minimize the decrease in seed quality. The experiment was carried out for evaluating the usage of nano rice husk ash as bulb coating in increasing stroagbility of shallot seed. Concentration of nano rice husk ash with concentration of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% were test in this research. Application of rice husk ash as shallot seed coating could preserve the quality of seed. Moreover, the concentration of 0.3 and 0.4 could maintain water content, weight loss, firmness, bulb diameter, number of bulb loss, vigor index and germination rate in optimum value.
Evaluation of land suitability for Yam (Dioscorea alata ) in Cangkringan, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Aini L N , Prasetyo J , Nurul Makiyah S N , Mulyono
Published: May 2021

Cangkringan Subdistrict is one of areas in Southern flank of Mount Merapi, Special Region of Yogyakarta which is prone to eruptions. Landuse changes due to eruptions often occur in this area. As a result, the Cangkringan area is prone to food security, due to the damage and landuse changes that have occurred. Yam is a tuber crop that is resistant to nutrient-poor land and has not been widely cultivated. The prospect of developing Yam is very large as a way of diversifying food. Therefore, an effort is needed to evaluate the land for cultivation of Yam on marginally lands affected by the eruption by determining the characteristics of the land as the basis for determining land suitability. The research was conducted using analytical descriptive method and analyzed using the matching method between land quality and land characteristics as parameters with land suitability class criteria. The results showed that the actual land suitability class in Cangkringan sub-district for Yam cultivation was S3nr, na, eh, tc with limiting factors for nutrient retention, total N content, land slope, and temperature. While the potential land suitability is S3eh, tc with limiting factors for land slope and temperature. Improvements that can be made include the addition of organic matter, fertilization, making terraces and planting on land that is not shaded.
The application of several cultivation practices on growth and production of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties in the rainy season
Authors: Devy N F , Hardiyanto  , Syah J A , Setyani R , Udiarto B K
Published: May 2021

Application of chemical pesticides may cause significant negative impact on production and quality of Chili. Therefore, implementation of friendly environmentally based cultivation practiced is absolutely needed. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the growth and the yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties grown by using three cultivation practices. This study was conducted in Bengkayang region, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, from August 2019 to February 2020. A Nested Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications was arranged. The subplots were the commercial chili varieties (Lingga, Kencana, and Leket as a local one) and main plot were cultural practices, i.e., CO: friendly environmental-based technology (i.e., increased plant population from 20.000 to 30.000 plants/ha, the using of biopesticides, trapping, and maize as barrier plant; CP: recommended technology (CO + a recommended pesticides), and CF: farmer technology-based. The results showed that the plant height of Leket on CO treatment was the best until eight weeks after planting; whereas the widest plant canopy was found in the Lingga. More than 30% of plants were attacked by pests and diseases that cause curling leaves. The Leket was the most sensitive to curl (40%); on the other hand, CO treatment decreased this symptom by 5.5%. In terms of yield, the Kencana produced the highest fruit number per plant (142), and the CP treatment had the most harvest frequency. Percentage of ripe fruit weight loss after one week of storage was about 12-22% with the most severe was Lingga. In this area during the rainy season, the highest potential yield was on the CO treatment (17.5 tons/ha). These results indicated that environmentally friendly cultivation on chili could be developed in this season.
Sectoral Integration in Watershed Management in Indonesia : Challenges and Recomendation
Authors: Waskitho N T , Pratama A A , Muttaqin T
Published: May 2021

The integration of watershed management in Indonesia is still far from what was expected. Sectoral integration is influenced by several factors such as communication, coordination, cooperation, policies and regulations. The lack of communication, the limited coordination and cooperation between sectors is a limitation in realizing integration between sectors. Policies reinforced by regional autonomy legislation hamper sectoral integration of watershed management. This article will explain why inter-sectors have not been successfully integrated in watershed management. The sector concept will clarify this situation. Sectoral integration in watershed management in Indonesia is a challenge for the government in this case the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of State-owned enterprises. The existence of an institution that manages a Watershed will avoid overlapping programs so that it will greatly save the budget and improve the performance of the watershed.
The expression of chili defense gene due to oviposition of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis)
Authors: Kirana R , Karjadi A K , Faizal A , Syamsudin T S
Published: May 2021

Ovipositions of fruit flies typically leave some wounds on the chili fruits. These punctures might allow some pathogenic microorganisms to get into the fruits and eventually cause the secondary infections. Taking this into account, this study aimed at determining the expression of chili defense gene (CaRGA2) due to pathogenic fungus infection which occurred following the fruit fly oviposition activities. The research was carried out from April to October 2018 in two research facilities located in West Java, Indonesia, i.e. the Molecular Laboratory of IVEGRI (West Bandung) and the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Biotechnology and Bioindustry Research Center (Bogor). Chili fruits of three chili varieties with different levels of resistance againts fruit fly infestations (i.e. susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant) were used in this study. Moreover, the RNA of each of the varieties was isolated before and after the fruit fly oviposition. The chili defense gene of CaRGA2 was tested in this study whereas the housekeeping gene used was Actin. The gene was amplified by using the RT-PCR method and afterwards, the data from the amplification were analyzed by employing the Livak method. The results showed that chili defense gene expression increased significantly in the susceptible chili variety, but did otherwise in both the moderately resistant and resistant varieties. Eventually, this result supported the previous studies that revealed the increased fungal pathogen infections in host plants due to the injuries caused by fruit fly oviposition.
Use of Growth Hormones to Support Improvement of Garlic Production in Central Java
Authors: Samijan  , Nurlaily R , Lestari F , Jauhari Sodiq
Published: May 2021

At present around 95% of Indonesia’s consumption of garlic needs is fulfilled from imports. In 2019, the need for Indonesian garlic is reported to be 570 thousand tons and can only be fulfilled from domestic production of around 3.36%. Through efforts to increase production, starting in 2017 the Indonesian government has been determined to reduce the dependence of garlic imports and is targeted to gradually become self-sufficient in 2021. The use of growth hormones is believed to be able to help stimulate the growth of garlic bulbs becoming bigger. In the 2017/2018 planting season an assessment of the use of growth hormones in garlic production in Temanggung was conducted. The study used a randomized block design by applying 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of the gibberelin ‘Super Gibs’ hormone, Patrol, Hormonik and control. The study was conducted in 2 farmers groups of garlic in Glapansari Village, Parakan Sub District of Temanggung District, from December 2017 to April 2018. The results of the study of growth hormone stimulation, showed an increase in yield of 17-56% from control,which not given hormone treatment. The treatment of growth hormone can reach an average yield of 6.68 tons/ha or an increase of 1.30 tons/ha (an average of 24%) from controls, which only achieve an average yield of 5.39 tons/ha. The highest of yield increase was achieved in the treatment of hormonal ‘Hormonik’ (35% increased) and Patrol (32% increased) of the controls, but between both tended not to be significantly different. While the application of the Super Gibs hormone, has not shown a real and consistent effect on improving garlic yield. The increase in yield on the treatment of growth hormone is due to an increase in the bulbs weight component (an average of 25% increased) and the size of the bulbs diameter (an average of 11% bigger) of garlic produced.
Shallot extract enhance root growth in crystal guava (Psidium guajava) stem cuttings
Authors: Sarjiyah  , Setiawan D A , Rineksane I A
Published: May 2021

The most efficient and effective propagation of guava plants is by using stem cuttings. The main obstacle in the multiplication of guava with stem cuttings is the root system. Plant Growth Regulators are needed to accelerate and increase the roots of guava stem cuttings to obtain quality seeds. Plant growth regulators that can be used to accelerate guava growth include Indole Butyric Acid, Naphtalene Acetic Acid. However, both growth regulators are not available at the farm level. One alternative material that can increase the growth of guava cuttings is shallot extract. Information is needed to find out what is the right concentration of shallot extract to get guava seedlings with high growth percentage and quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact concentration of shallot extract on the growth of guava root cuttings. The research method used was a single factor experimental which was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The treatments tested were without plant growth regulators (as a control), fresh shallot extract concentration of 1%, maceration of shallot extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, IBA with a concentration of 500 ppm (as a comparison). Guava stem cuttings before planting are soaked in the treatment solution for 120 minutes. During seedling growth, observations of roots, stems and leaves are observed. Observation data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the concentration of maceration of shallot extract 2% was able to grow roots and shoots with the same quality as IBA concentration of 500 ppm on crystal stem guava stem cuttings.
Fe and Zn content of various genetic background of released rice varieties in Indonesia
Authors: Rohaeni W R , Susanto U
Published: May 2021

Fe and Zinc deficiency is one of the most prevalence micro nutrient disorder in Indonesia. Increasing of Fe and Zn content in rice grain is expected to be useful to reduce the micronutrient deficiency. This research was aimed to identify rice varieties containing high Fe and Zn content and initially study the correlation among some related traits. The experiment was conducted in October – December 2016 by testing 176 released varieties and 4 elite rice lines. The samples were prepared as brown rice. Fe and Zn contents were measured using XRF Oxford machine which is validated by ICP method. The results showed that Fe content of the tested genotypes is normally distributed ranged from 9.70 ppm to 17.40 ppm with the mean of 13.03 ppm and the Zn content is not normally distributed ranged from 15.80 ppm to 31.10 ppm with the mean of 22.41 ppm. Majority of the released rice varieties in Indonesia had lower Fe and Zn content compared to the most popular variety, Ciherang (12.20 ppm and 24.70 ppm). Kalimutu had the highest both for Fe and Zn content (17.40 ppm and 31,10 ppm). Fe and Zn content are positively correlated and breeding effort for both traits is prospective.
Utilization of White Curcuma (Curcuma zedoaria) in the Feed as an Effort to the Nutrition Digestibility Optimization of Super Kampong Chicken
Authors: Widodo W , Rahayu I D , Sutanto A , Anggraini A D , Handayani T
Published: May 2021

This research aims for the utilization of white Curcuma (Curcuma zedoaria) in the feed as an effort to the nutrition digestibility optimization of super Kampong chicken from crossbreeding. Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang was the place to conduct this research, starting from January to March 2019. The material was 100-day old chick (DOC) super Kampong chicken. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments namely T0 (0% of white Curcuma), T1 (1% of white Curcuma), T2 (2% of white Curcuma), T3 (3% of white Curcuma), and five replications. Each flock had 5 chickens. Analysis of Variance (ANAVA ) was used for data analysis. The values of dry matter digestibility were T0 (95.38%), T1 (92.80%), T2 (94.56%), and T3 (94.56%). The crude fat digestibility values were T0 (71.54%), T1 (71.26%), T2 (73.49%), and T3 (77.39%). The biological protein values were T0 38.69%, T1 36.39%, T2 40.26%, and T3 60.28%. Then, the values of nitrogen retention were T0 (0.35 g), T1 (0.34 g), T2 (0.36 g), and T3 (0.57 g). The conclusion was white Curcuma on the feed of super Kampong chicken from cross-breeding did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, crude fat, biological protein value, and nitrogen retention.
Manipulation of chili plant architecture to enhance productivity and pests control
Authors: Setiawati W , Hasyim A , Udiarto B K
Published: May 2021

Pruning of chili pepper caused changes in the plant architecture affecting the management practices, both resulted in greater fruit production and controlled pest population. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of different pruning systems on yield and pests abundance in chili pepper (cv. Mega Top F1). The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Banyuresmi District, Garut, West Java (850 m asl) from June, 2018 to January, 2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments consists of five pruning treatments including a control where no plants were pruned. The results showed that different type of pruning affected growth, yield and pests abudance on chili. Treatments with two branches remaining and shoot pruning/pinching in the nursery significantly affected the plant growth with maximum yield (16.47 tonha−1). Pruning significantly affected fruit yield from 19.87 - 30.92% and reduced the population of several pests, such as T. parvispinus, B. tabaci and S. litura up to 13.33 – 88.01%. Pruning induced the plants to have wider architecture and this could be practiced to increase the quality yield of chili pepper.
Semantic segmentation of pollen grain images generated from scattering patterns via deep learning
Authors: Grant-Jacob James A , Praeger Matthew , Eason Robert W , Mills Ben
Published: May 2021

Pollen can lead to individuals suffering from allergic rhinitis, with a person’s vulnerability being dependent on the species and the amount of pollen. Therefore, the ability to precisely quantify both the number and species of pollen grains in a certain volume would be invaluable. Lensless sensing offers the ability to classify pollen grains from their scattering patterns, with the use of very few optical components. However, since there could be 1000 s of species of pollen one may wish to identify, in order to avoid having to collect scattering patterns from all species (and mixtures of species) we propose using two separate neural networks. The first neural network generates a microscope equivalent image from the scattering pattern, having been trained on a limited number of experimentally collected pollen scattering data. The second neural network segments the generated image into its components, having been trained on microscope images, allowing pollen species identification (potentially allowing the use of existing databases of microscope images to expand range of species identified by the segmentation network). In addition to classification, segmentation also provides richer information, such as the number of pixels and therefore the potential size of particular pollen grains. Specifically, we demonstrate the identification and projected area of pollen grain species, via semantic image segmentation, in generated microscope images of pollen grains, containing mixtures and species that were previously unseen by the image generation network. The microscope images of mixtures of pollen grains, used for training the segmentation neural network, were created by fusing microscope images of isolated pollen grains together while the trained neural network was tested on microscope images of actual mixtures. The ability to carry out pollen species identification from reconstructed images without needing to train the identification network on the scattering patterns is useful for the real-world implementation of such technology.