bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Lembaga Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Studi Komparatif : Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Indonesia dan Thailand)
Authors: Galin Zaihan Muzakki
Published: February 2025

Korupsi merupakan masalah yang hampir terjadi di seluruh negara di dunia. Korupsi adalah masalah global yang menjadi perhatian semua orang dan merupakan kejahatan luar biasa. Di Indonesia dan malaysia kondisi korupsi sampai saat ini masih mengkhawatirkan, Berdasarkan Indeks Persepsi Korupsi 2023, Indonesia berada di peringkat 115 paling tidak korup sedangkan Thailand menempati peringkat ke-108 . Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk untuk membandingkan sistem lembaga pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia (KPK) dan Thailand (NACC). Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena hukum pidana korupsi dengan pendekatan kualitatif, khususnya melalui metode perbandingan hukum. Data primer yang dihimpun berupa beragam dokumen hukum, meliputi undang-undang, peraturan pemerintah, putusan pengadilan, serta regulasi lain yang relevan dengan hukum pidana korupsi di dua negara yang menjadi fokus penelitian. Analisis terhadap dokumen-dokumen tersebut bertujuan untuk mengungkap persamaan, perbedaan, serta keunikan pengaturan dan penerapan hukum pidana korupsi di kedua negara. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai perbandingan sistem hukum pidana korupsi di kedua negara, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk penyempurnaan hukum di masa mendatang.
PAH Feature Ratios around Stellar Clusters and Associations in 19 Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Dale Daniel A. , Graham Gabrielle B. , Barnes Ashley T. , Baron Dalya , Bigiel Frank , Boquien Médéric , Chandar Rupali , Chastenet Jérémy , Chown Ryan , Egorov Oleg V. , Glover Simon C. O. , Hands Lindsey , Henny Kiana F. , Indebetouw Remy , Klessen Ralf S. , Larson Kirsten L. , Lee Janice C. , Leroy Adam K. , Maschmann Daniel , Pathak Debosmita , Rodríguez M. Jimena , Rosolowsky Erik , Sandstrom Karin , Schinnerer Eva , Sutter Jessica , Thilker David A. , Weinbeck Tony D. , Whitmore Bradley C. , Williams Thomas G. , Wofford Aida
Published: February 2025

We present a comparison of observed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature ratios in 19 nearby galaxies with a grid of theoretical expectations for near- and mid-infrared dust emission. The PAH feature ratios are drawn from Cycle 1 JWST observations and are measured for 7224 stellar clusters and 29,176 stellar associations for which we have robust ages and mass estimates from Hubble Space Telescope five-band photometry. Though there are galaxy-to-galaxy variations, the observed PAH feature ratios largely agree with the theoretical models, particularly those that are skewed toward more ionized and larger PAH size distributions. For each galaxy we also extract PAH feature ratios for 200 pc wide circular regions in the diffuse interstellar medium, which serve as a noncluster/association control sample. Compared to what we find for stellar clusters and associations, the 3.3 μm/7.7 μm and 3.3 μm/11.3 μm ratios from the diffuse interstellar medium are ∼0.10–0.15 dex smaller. When the observed PAH feature ratios are compared to the radiation field hardness as probed by the [O iii]/Hβ ratio, we find anticorrelations for nearly all galaxies in the sample. These results together suggest that the PAH feature ratios are driven by the shape and intensity of the radiation field and that the smallest PAHs—observed via JWST F335M imaging—are increasingly “processed” or destroyed in regions with the most intense and hard radiation fields.
Spin Evolution and Mass Distribution of Galactic Binary Neutron Stars
Authors: Chu Qingbo , Lu 陆 Youjun 由俊 , Yu Shenghua
Published: February 2025

Binary neutron stars (BNSs) detected in the Milky Way have total masses distributing narrowly around ∼2.6–2.7M
⊙, while the BNS merger GW190425 detected via a gravitational wave has a significantly larger mass (∼3.4M
⊙). This difference is not well understood, yet. In this paper, we investigate the BNS spin evolution via an improved binary star evolution model and its effects on the BNS observability, with the implementation of various relevant astrophysical processes. We find that the first-born neutron star component in low-mass BNSs can be spun up to millisecond pulsars by the accretion of Roche-lobe overflow from its companion and its radio lifetime can be comparable to the Hubble time. However, most high-mass BNSs have substantially shorter radio lifetimes than low-mass BNSs, and thus a smaller probability of being detected via radio emission. Adopting the star formation and metal enrichment history of the Milky Way given by observations, we obtain the survived Galactic BNSs with pulsar components from our population synthesis model and find that their distributions on the diagrams of the spin period versus the spin period time derivative (

P
−

P

̇

) and the orbital period versus the eccentricity (P
orb–e) can well match those of the observed Galactic BNSs. The total mass distribution of the observed Galactic BNSs can also be matched by the model. A significant fraction (∼19%–22%) of merging BNSs at redshift z ∼ 0 have masses ≳3M
⊙, which seems compatible with the GW observations. Future radio observations may detect many more Galactic BNSs, which will put strong constraints on the spin evolution of BNSs during their formation processes.
Toward Early-type Eclipsing Binaries as Extragalactic Milestones. IV. Physical Properties of Three Detached O/B-type Systems in the LMC
Authors: Taormina Mónica , Pietrzyński G. , Kudritzki R.-P. , Pilecki B. , Thompson I. B. , Puls J. , Górski M. , Zgirski B. , Graczyk D. , Urbaneja M. A. , Gieren W. , Narloch W. , Hajdu G.
Published: February 2025

We present a complete set of physical parameters for three early-type eclipsing binary systems in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC): OGLE LMC-ECL-17660, OGLE LMC-ECL-18794, and HV 2274, together with the orbital solutions. The first and third systems comprise B-type stars, while the second has O-type components and exhibits a total eclipse. We performed a complex analysis that included modeling light and radial velocity curves, O − C analysis, and additional non-LTE spectroscopic analysis for the O-type system. We found that OGLE LMC-ECL-17660 is at least a triple, and tentatively, a quadruple. A significant nonlinear period decrease was determined for HV 2274. Its origin is unclear, possibly due to a faint, low-mass companion on a wide orbit. The analyzed components have masses ranging from 11.7 M
⊙ to 22.1 M
⊙, radii from 7.0 R
⊙ to 14.2 R
⊙, and temperatures between 22,500 and 36,000 K. For HV 2274, the precision of our masses and radii is about six times higher than in previous studies. The position of the components of all six systems analyzed in this series on the mass–luminosity and mass–radius diagrams indicates they are evolutionarily advanced on the main sequence. Our sample contributes significantly to the knowledge of physical parameters of early-type stars in the mass range of 11 M
⊙–23 M
⊙. A new mass–luminosity relation for O- and B-type stars in the LMC is provided. Additionally, we used the measured apsidal motion of the systems to compare the observational and theoretical internal structure constant.
Prediction of Star Formation Rates Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Ayubinia Ashraf , Woo Jong-Hak , Hafezianzadeh Fatemeh , Kim Taehwan , Kim Changseok
Published: February 2025

In this study we develop an artificial neural network to estimate the infrared (IR) luminosity and star formation rates (SFR) of galaxies. Our network is trained using “true” IR luminosity values derived from modeling the IR spectral energy distributions of FIR-detected galaxies. We explore five different sets of input features, each incorporating optical, mid-infrared, near-infrared, ultraviolet, and emission line data, along with spectroscopic redshifts and uncertainties. All feature sets yield similar IR luminosity predictions, but including all photometric data leads to slightly improved performance. This suggests that comprehensive photometric information enhances the accuracy of our predictions. Our network is applied to a sample of SDSS galaxies defined as unseen data, and the results are compared with three published catalogs of SFRs. Overall, our network demonstrates excellent performance for star-forming galaxies, while we observe discrepancies in composite and AGN samples. These inconsistencies may stem from uncertainties inherent in the compared catalogs or potential limitations in the performance of our network.
The Detection Rate of Associated Mg ii Absorption Lines in Quasars Depends on Their Radio Emission
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Ho Luis C.
Published: February 2025

In active galactic nuclei, jet-driven feedback plays a significant role in influencing the properties of gas within their host galaxy and the circumgalactic medium. By combining observations from the Very Large Array Sky Survey, the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-cm, the LOFAR Two Meter Sky Survey, and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we assembled a sample of 3141 radio-loud quasars, among which 418 exhibit Mg ii-associated absorption lines in their SDSS spectra. We classify these quasars into evolutionary stages based on their radio spectral shapes. Our analysis reveals that evolved quasars exhibit a significantly higher incidence of Mg ii-associated absorption lines compared to younger sources, particularly among quasars with “nonpeaked” radio spectra, which show an incidence of Mg ii-associated absorbers approximately 1.7 times greater than that of gigahertz-peaked spectrum sources. This observation can be explained effectively by jet-driven feedback. As quasars age, their jets expand and expel substantial amounts of gas from smaller scales to larger scales, ultimately reaching the circumgalactic medium. The gas expelled from the inner regions and distributed over larger scales results in a greater coverage fraction of absorbing gas. Consequently, evolved quasars exhibit a higher incidence of Mg ii absorption lines.
Resin outpourings on conifers are inhabited by more members of Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) than previously thought
Authors: Czachura Paweł , Janik Paulina
Published: February 2025

Resin outpourings on conifers are a quite unique habitat occurring in nature. Conifer resins are composed mainly from monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and resin acids which are recalcitrant to microbial decomposition. Moreover, resins exhibit antimicrobial properties. Despite that, they are colonised by different microorganisms including fungi. They are called resinicolous fungi. They constitute a poorly explored group of the fungal kingdom. In this study, during investigation of resinicolous fungi in Poland, seven strains were assigned to the family Nectriaceae. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 sequence data were used for molecular identification. As a result, two new species (including a new genus) and two known species were identified. Pulchrospora resinaegen. et sp. nov. and Cosmospora eleganssp. nov. were described, characterised and proposed herein. Known species such as Cosmospora viridescens and Cosmosporella pruni were isolated from resin substrate for the first time.
Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses revealed four new species (Basidiomycota) in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China
Authors: He Siyuan , Wang Lu , Shen Kaize , Zhou Hongmin
Published: February 2025

Four new fungi, viz. Clavulinopsis wumengshanensis (Clavariaceae, Agaricales), Henningsomyces bambusae (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales), Xenasma bisterigmatae, and X. guttulata (Xenasmataceae, Russulales), from Yunnan Province in China, are proposed, based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using a combined dataset of internal transcribed space and nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit sequences. The ITS+LSU analysis showed that Clavulinopsis wumengshanensissp. nov. groups with C. aurantiocinnabarina, Henningsomyces bambusaesp. nov. forms a sister group with H. candidus, Xenasma bisterigmataesp. nov. is clustered with X. rimicola, and X. guttulatasp. nov. is clustered with X. pruinosum. The morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of the four new taxa. Clavulinopsis wumengshanensis is distinguished by buff-yellow to straw-yellow basidiomata, clavate to subcylindrical basidia with four sterigmata, and subglobose basidiospores with several guttules (7–8.5 × 6–7.5 µm); Henningsomyces bambusae is characterized by white to cream basidiomata with short cylindric to tubular colonies, cylindrical to subcylindrical basidia with two sterigmata and globose to subglobose basidiospores (6.5–8.5 × 6.5–8.5 µm); Xenasma bisterigmatae can be characterized by its membranaceous and ash-grey basidiomata, clavate to subcylindrical basidia with two sterigmata and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores (10–12.5 × 8–10.5 µm); X. guttulata is distinguished by membranaceous and white to cream basidiomata, clavate to subcylindrical basidia with two sterigmata and ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid basidiospores (7–9 × 5.5–7.5 µm).
NLP-Enhanced Techniques for Cheating Detection in Virtual Exams: A Comparative Study of String and Semantic Similarity Measures with K-Shingling, Minhashing, LSH, and K-Means
Authors: El Rhezzali Nabila , Hilal Imane , Hnida Meriem
Published: February 2025

As online learning gains popularity, the issue of cheating becomes a topic of interest in discussions and scientific papers about virtual and distance education. The shift from in-person to online exams has raised many concerns about its potential to make cheating easier. The best way to detect cheating in online exams is to compute the closeness between answers. In this paper, we introduce a new approach based on similarity measure techniques from text mining to analyze answers in order to identify common patterns among academic responses. For this purpose, we have improved the K-Shingling-Minhashing-locality sensitive hashing (LSH) technique by incorporating the K-means clustering step, and then we applied our approach to a use case to efficiently find similar answers in a large dataset. Comparing our results with related works underscores the efficiency and applicability of our method in educational contexts, offering a novel contribution to the field of text similarity detection by highlighting the reliability and consistency of mathematical methods.
War of the Words
Authors: Peery Viggers Jessica
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the way societies influence historical memory of conflict within their borders through the formal education system. It posits that the narratives constructed within educational materials have the capacity to affect peacebuilding efforts in both positive and negative ways. Using the case study of Rwanda, it analyses the narratives found in the most recent collection of secondary school history textbooks to identify elements of the narrative that either support peacebuilding efforts or detract from them. This case study shows that the same narrative or set of narratives about a conflict can contain both elements. It posits that as decision makers balance needs for what educational materials should achieve, including requirements that may limit the efficacy of peacebuilding efforts, international advisors should be knowledgeable of and sensitive to these needs in order to identify solutions that minimise negative impacts on reconciliation.We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.
Le Beatus de San Miguel de Escalada
Authors: Ramos Blassi Ricardo
Published: February 2025

Le Beatus de San Miguel de Escalada (ms. New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, M 644) réalisé par Magius se trouve parmi les premiers de la seconde branche de la famille des Beatus selon la classification de P. Klein. Les miniaturistes qui se sont succédé dans cette même branche ii (a et b) vont prolonger le schéma illustratif mis en place par Magius qui y a introduit une vraie nouveauté. Les visions des folios 83 et surtout 87 – qui correspondent à la troisième Grande Vision de l’Apocalypse de Jean du Livre iii selon la division du Commentaire du Beatus (Ap 4-5) – rassemblent des traditions iconographiques extrêmement riches, tout en conservant les traditions les plus anciennes en ce qui concerne les coupoles ou les pavements ayant des représentations du thème du Ciel. L’une des caractéristiques du Beatus de Magius, ainsi que l’une de ses nouveautés par rapport aux autres Beatus, c’est la composition géométrique de ses images à valeur symbolique. Ceci est d’ailleurs fondamental, comme on pourra le constater, pour réussir à approfondir la signification de son œuvre. Cette géométrie permet en plus de relier la vision du folio 87 (circulaire) à celle du folio 222v, la Jérusalem Céleste (carrée), ce qui nous rapproche de l’ancien système romain de fondation d’une ville, et nous aide aussi à mieux comprendre quelques éléments de composition des visions. Dans ce sens, on arrivera à apprécier encore plus la personnalité de Magius comme un véritable archipictor.
Le jongleur dans l’étui : horizon chrétien et réécritures romanesques
Authors: Galderisi Claudio
Published: February 2025

« Ô Liberté, ma mie, Insoucieuse fée au clair sourire d’or ! » Ce chant à la liberté, « insoucieuse fée au clair sourire d’or », ne se trouve pas dans une pièce révolutionnaire du Théâtre de la foire ou dans un vaudeville de la Belle Époque. Ce Jean, qui, tel l’Ulysse de Dante, est enivré par son idéal de liberté et craint de perdre son royal trésor n’est autre qu’un jongleur qui a traversé les siècles et les langues. C’est bien entendu le Jongleur de Notre Dame, revisité par Jules Massenet et Maurice Léna en 1902 dans un opéra du même nom.L’anachronisme ou du moins une connaissance partielle de la civilisation médiévale sont à l’origine des suppressions et des ajouts que l’on trouve dans la plupart des réécritures de ce récit médiéval. Ces œuvres secondes préservent, cependant, et sans doute involontairement, une armature narrative qui n’est pas le seul fait du récit médiéval. La réécriture, en effet, peut aller au-delà de l’écriture dont elle tire son origine, faisant ressurgir un schéma sous-jacent, par rapport auquel le texte médiéval n’est parfois qu’un palimpseste qui s’ignore. Ces récits nous révèlent alors la trace des traits distinctifs de l’épistémè médiévale. Les uns et les autres gardent, par exemple, au serviteur de Notre Dame son statut de jongleur. La présente réflexion s’interroge sur les raisons mythologique et narrative de cette permanence, qui révèle une résistance du texte. On voit alors que la réécriture peut faire renaître la voix secrète de la poésie, que la relation du texte à la lettre revisitée n’est pas seulement génétique mais plutôt biunivoque. Elle peut ainsi faire rejaillir par sa propre singularité celle du modèle.
Regard et métamorphoses de l’identité dans les Fables de Marie de France
Authors: Merceron Jacques E.
Published: February 2025

Au sein de la tradition ésopique, les Fables de Marie de France accordent une importance tout à fait spéciale au thème du regard, tant par le nombre de vocables liés à la vue que par le nombre et le rôle des scénarios qui la mettent en jeu de façon décisive. Au fil d’une quarantaine de fables, Marie donne à voir une riche et pittoresque galerie de protagonistes regardants et regardés. Ce faisant, elle dresse une typologie des regards qui sert de point focal à une réflexion critique, plutôt pessimiste, sur la question particulièrement anxiogène pour elle de l’identité des êtres et, corollairement, à une méditation sur les abus et manipulations dont celle-ci peut faire l’objet (usurpations, transgressions, etc.). Certaines de ces fables laissent aussi entrevoir la manière dont Marie conçoit le rapport fonctionnel entre l’œil et le cœur dans le processus de la vision et les choix comportementaux qui en découlent. Dès lors se pose pour la conteuse la question de la responsabilité éthique de l’œil ou bien du cœur dans les désagréments, malheurs, vices et péchés affectant la « ménagerie humaine » incapable d’échapper au jugement du regard.
Religion ou politique ?
Authors: Vössing Konrad
Published: February 2025

La décision du roi Hunéric d’entrer en conflit avec l’église de ses sujets romains en Afrique en 481-482 apr. J.-C. n'était pas, à notre connaissance, la conséquence inévitable de sa politique antérieure. Le seul historiographe traitant de la persécution, Victor de Vita, renonce à l’expliquer historiquement, et ne voit en la politique du fils de Genséric rien d’autre que les actions d’un tyran à la fois enragé et impie. Comprendre le comportement d’Hunéric en matière religieuse et politique demande donc d’essayer de reconstruire a posteriori les intentions du roi. Il semble fort probable que la politique royale ait résulté d’une situation plutôt fortuite : Hunéric voulait enfreindre la règle de succession que son père avait fixée et, pour ce faire, avait besoin de soutiens. On sait que ces plans ont échoué, au plus tard à sa mort fin 484. Mais cette stratégie avait-elle quelques chances de réussite ? En tout cas, même sans succès, elle eut des répercussions considérables pour le royaume Vandale ; celles-ci étaient, cependant, également dues à d’autres causes et n’étaient, dans l’ensemble, nullement accidentelles.
Les enfants d’Hildéric
Authors: Belleli Amélie
Published: February 2025

La fécondité féminine revêtant un aspect dynastique, les sources portent un intérêt accru aux naissances. L’utérus perpétue le sang romain et celui qui naît d'une mère ceinte de pourpre peut prétendre à l’Augustat. L’existence d’alliances romano-barbares souligne ce pouvoir d’intégration à l’Empire dont dispose les femmes. Ce rôle de « trait d’union » n’échappant pas au souverain vandale Genséric, il conclut pour son fils Hunéric un mariage avec la princesse théodosienne Eudocia en 455. Évidente affirmation de son ambition, cette union lui offre un lien privilégié avec l’Empire et le pouvoir impérial. Gemini diadematis heres, leur fils Hildéric incarne la continuité du sang théodosien. La figure féminine doit être considérée comme un élément central du mariage romano-barbare, puisqu’elle apporte le sang romain transmis à une éventuelle descendance, en dépit d’une paternité barbare. L’accueil réservé par Justinien et Théodora aux enfants d’Hildéric à leur arrivée à Constantinople entérine leur illustre parenté romaine, jugée supérieure à la lignée Vandale.
Artificial Intelligence and the Advancement of Civic and Political Engagement
Authors: Kuş Zafer
Published: February 2025

This chapter will first emphasize the critical need for active political and civic engagement in maintaining democracy's enduring vitality. The author analyzes the evolution of citizen participation over time, especially with the proliferation of the internet and the prevalence of social media, which have altered individual engagement in the digital era. This chapter will examine how artificial intelligence has expanded the opportunities for public participation and the possible advantages this entails. However, it will also address significant concerns about the potential use of AI by governments with authoritarian tendencies. The author examines how new technologies may jeopardize human liberties, distort election processes—even in stable democracies—and raise concerns over the future erosion of democratic systems.
Ethics of Digital Citizenship in the Age of AI in Higher Education From the Viewpoint of Faculty Members
Authors: Shtawi Samar , Abd-Rabo Aysha Mohammad
Published: February 2025

This research explores the ethical implications of integrating AI into higher education, focusing on the responsibilities of faculty and institutions in ensuring adherence to ethical standards. The research highlights the urgent need for comprehensive ethical guidelines to regulate the use of AI in educational settings. The findings also underscore the critical role that faculty play in promoting digital citizenship and ethical practices among students. To address the ethical challenges associated with the integration of AI. The results did not show any statistical differences attributed to the gender variable, or the academic rank variable of the faculty member, while there were statistical differences in the variables of academic qualification and years of teaching experience. The results showed that the field of (the right to protection, security, and digital privacy) had the highest arithmetic mean (3.96). The research makes several recommendations, including establishing strong data governance policies.
The Global Impact of AI on Digital Citizenship
Authors: Selvakumar P. , Sudheer P. , Kannan Nandini
Published: February 2025

Citizenship fundamentally alters how individuals interact, communicate, and engage with the world around them. Digital citizenship encompasses the skills, knowledge, and ethical considerations necessary responsibly. It is not merely about technical proficiency but includes a deep understanding of the rights and responsibilities that come with digital engagement—ranging from social media platforms to online education and healthcare. Understanding the interplay between digital citizenship and AI is crucial for harnessing opportunities while addressing associated challenges. One of the core concepts of digital citizenship is the notion of which effectively in an environment. As AI systems are often involved in curating content, automating responses, and personalizing user experiences, digital citizens must develop critical skills to assess the reliability and bias of AI-driven information. This includes understanding how algorithms work, recognizing the limitations of AI, and discerning the ethical implications of AI decisions.
Ethical Considerations in the Use of AI and Big Data in Corporate Decision-Making
Authors: Sharma Gaurab Kumar , Tyagi Ekta , Chaudhary Amrita
Published: February 2025

In an era where artificial intelligence and big data have become integral to corporate management, the ethical challenges associated with their deployment cannot be overlooked. As businesses increasingly rely on AI-driven insights and vast data streams for decision-making, the potential for misuse, bias, and violations of privacy grows. This chapter explores into the ethical considerations that corporations must address to harness AI and big data responsibly. It explores the implications of these technologies on corporate decision-making, highlighting the risks of algorithmic bias, data exploitation, and transparency issues. Through a comprehensive analysis, the chapter proposes a framework for ethical AI and big data utilization, emphasizing the need for corporate governance structures that prioritize ethical practices, data integrity, and accountability. The chapter aims to provide business leaders, managers, and policymakers with actionable insights to balance innovation with ethical responsibility.
Protein expression of cancer stem cell markers ABCG2, podoplanin, and CD44 predicts early recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A study from Western India
Authors: Trivedi Trupti I. , Mandaliya Toral H. , Trivedi Priti P.
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

For oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we are likely at a juncture in clinical management, where the benefits of therapies are beginning to plateau. Therefore, this study investigated the usefulness of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), podoplanin (PDPN), and cluster of differentiation (CD) 44 (CD44) that may help to identify patients with an aggressive phenotype and predict prognosis precisely.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The protein expression of ABCG2, PDPN, and CD44 was investigated in 125 OSCC patients using immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease outcomes. The data were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

The protein expression of ABCG2, PDPN, and CD44 was noted in 56%, 43%, and 51%, respectively. ABCG2, PDPN, and CD44 show linear correlation with T3/T4 tumors, presence of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), and advanced-stage disease. Cox multivariate regression analysis for progression-free survival (PFS) demonstrated that in early-stage patients, CD44 at step 1 (P = 0.007) followed by ABCG2 (P = 0.037) at step 2 was associated with reduced PFS. For overall survival (OS), only ABCG2 (P = 0.019) emerged as a potential parameter. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the combined signature of ABCG2 with PDPN for total patients, and ABCG2 with CD44 for early-stage patients, emerged as more powerful risk predictors for identifying high-risk patients.

Conclusion:

Thus, the combined signature of ABCG2 with PDPN and CD44 could be useful in identifying high-risk patients for more aggressive therapy and effective personalized treatment in the future.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Its Association with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Analytic Study
Authors: Qzwini Oola
Published: February 2025

Objective:

The aim of the study is to determine the association of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Background:

Ovarian reserve refers to the fertility potential left within a woman’s two ovaries based on the number and quality of eggs. AMH is a clinical marker of female reproductive potential, and we aimed to determine whether it might be associated with PCOS. The criteria for diagnosis of PCOS are irregular ovulatory function (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea), evidence of hyperandrogenism (biochemical or clinical), and the presence of a polycystic ovarian picture on sonography.

Subjects and Methods:

Two hundred couples were enrolled: 100 subfertile couples as a study group (n = 100) and 100 fertile couples as a control group (n = 100). Cycle day 2 (CD2) blood tests for AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone and clinical data such as height, weight, and waist and hip circumference measurements were performed for the females.

Results:

Thirty-seven percent of our study group have PCOS. The females with PCOS have a significant relationship with the age, AMH, and testosterone hormone. Subfertile women with PCOS have high level of AMH. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were identified in CD2 serum level of AMH and testosterone between the subfertile group and the fertile group. Both AMH and Testosterone were higher in the subfertile group than the control group, while FSH and LH demonstrates no significant difference.

Conclusions:

In comparison with healthy women, PCOS has a higher level of AMH; therefore, the management of PCOS has the potential of affecting ovarian functions and female fertility.
The Usage of Simultaneous Flexible and Rigid Bronchoscopes in Retrieving an Aspirated Foreign Body in Children: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Alhaddad Mohammed Sami , Nasser Mai A. , Alshehabi Mohamed H. , Almaghlouth Maitha K. , Alrusayyis Danah Fahad
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Foreign-body aspiration (FBA) into the tracheobronchial tree is a common condition in children, necessitating prompt recognition and treatment. Pediatricians, pulmonologists, and surgeons must work closely together to diagnose and treat FBA. Bronchoscopy is the diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for FBA.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the safety and outcomes of the collaboration between pediatric pulmonologists and otolaryngology physicians in using flexible and rigid bronchoscopes to avoid missing an aspirated foreign object during its retrieval process.

Subjects and Methods:

This was a prospective study of children treated for FBs in the main airway through rigid bronchoscopy followed by flexible bronchoscopy for the distal airway at a tertiary hospital in Bahrain between February 2019 and February 2022. The data included sociodemographic characteristics, presentation at arrival, and post-FBA removal conditions. Data analysis was conwducted using SPSS version 23.

Results:

Overall, 129 children underwent bronchoscopy; 92 underwent removal through rigid, initially, followed by flexible bronchoscopy. The median age was 15 months, and the nature of the FBs was either 80% organic or 20% inorganic. The locations of the FBs were majorly in the central airway in the subglottic area (36 patients) and right bronchial tree (37 children). We identified 35 patients (28% of total FBs and 48% of organic FBs) with another FB identified and removed through flexible bronchoscopy after rigid bronchoscopy.

Conclusion:

Using both rigid and flexible bronchoscopy is safe and effective for diagnosing and removing FBs in the lower respiratory airways in children, and it has a high success rate.
Efficacy of Oral and Intratympanic Steroids on Recovery of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Bisha City: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Al-Absi Ashwaq M. , Khirallah Hany Ibrahim , Alqarni Naif Abdulaziz M. , Mehanni Hani Ali , Khabti Sultan Saleh , Mehdar Saleh A. , Alsoiry Nawaf Amer H. , Alghamdi Atiya Abdullah S. , Nandi Partha Amal , Alhalafi Abdullah Hassan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is characterized by a rapid loss of hearing, typically defined as a decrease of ≥30 dB over at least three consecutive frequencies within ≤72 h. Steroid therapy is the most used treatment modality for SSNHL.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of oral steroid therapy for mild-to-moderate SSNHL and combined oral and intratympanic steroid therapy for severe to profound SSNHL.

Settings and Design:

The study design was an experimental follow-up study.

Methodology:

Patients were allocated to the two groups according to disease severity, which received different treatment modalities, and followed for 6 months using a pure-tone audiometer.

Statistical Analysis:

Associations between categorical variables were assessed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results:

This study involved 18 patients with SSNHL, of which 11 (61%) had mild-to-moderate SSNHL and 7 (38%) had severe-to-profound SSNHL. Those with severe-to-profound SSNHL who received combined systemic and intratympanic steroid therapy had notably higher rates of no or slight improvement than those with mild-to-moderate hearing loss who received systemic steroid therapy only.

Conclusions:

This study found that patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss did not recover better with combined systemic and intratympanic steroid therapy. However, patients with mild-to-moderate hearing loss exhibited better hearing improvement with systematic steroid therapy alone.
Effect of etomidate added to propofol target-controlled infusion in bidirectional endoscopy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Luo Hui-Rong , Chen An-Di , Lin Jing-Fang , Ye Peng , Chen Ying-Jie , Lin Ming-Xue , Chen Pin-Zhong , Chen Xiao-Hui , Zheng Xiao-Chun
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Propofol has been widely used in bidirectional gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation; however, it frequently leads to cardiovascular adverse events and respiratory depression. Propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) can provide safe sedation but may require higher dosages of propofol. On the contrary, etomidate offers hemodynamic stability.

AIM

To evaluate the effect of different dose etomidate added to propofol TCI sedation during same-visit bidirectional endoscopy.

METHODS

A total of 330 patients from Fujian Provincial Hospital were randomly divided into three groups: P, 0.1EP, and 0.15EP. Patients in the P group received propofol TCI only, with an initial effect-site concentration of the propofol TCI system of 3.0 mg/mL. Patients in the 0.1EP and 0.15EP groups received 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg etomidate intravenous injection, respectively, followed by propofol TCI.

RESULTS

Patients in the 0.15EP group had higher mean blood pressure after induction than the other groups (P group: 78 mmHg, 0.1EP group: 82 mmHg, 0.15EP group: 88 mmHg; P < 0.05). Total doses of propofol consumption significantly decreased in the 0.15EP group compared with that in the other groups (P group: 260.6 mg, 0.1EP group: 228.1 mg, 0.15EP group: 201.2 mg; P < 0.05). The induction time was longer in the P group than in the other groups (P group: 1.9 ± 0.7 minutes, 0.1EP group: 1.2 ± 0.4 minutes, 0.15EP group: 1.1 ± 0.3 minutes; P < 0.01). The recovery time was shorter in the 0.15EP group than in the other groups (P group: 4.8 ± 2.1 minutes, 0.1EP group: 4.5 ± 1.6 minutes, 0.15EP group: 3.9 ± 1.4 minutes; P < 0.01). The incidence of hypotension (P group: 36.4%, 0.1EP group: 29.1%, 0.15EP group: 11.8%; P < 0.01) and injection pain was lower in the 0.15EP group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of respiratory depression was lower in the 0.15EP group than in the P group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the satisfaction of the patient, endoscopist, and anesthesiologist was higher in the 0.15EP group than in the other groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that 0.15 mg/kg etomidate plus propofol TCI can significantly reduce propofol consumption, which is followed by fewer cardiovascular adverse events and respiratory depression, along with higher patient, endoscopist, and anesthesiologist satisfaction.
Endoscopic calabash technique for gastric mesenchymal tumours: A low hanging fruit or a novel endoscopic technique?
Authors: Rea David , Tham Caroline , Tham Tony CK
Published: February 2025

The term subepithelial lesions encompasses a wide array of pathology of which numerous benign and malignant pathologies are grouped. A subset of these lesions are termed gastric mesenchymal tumours of which some have innate malignant potential. Currently there is various guidance on the recommended approach to the investigation and management of these lesions and there exists multiple methods of resection. Lin et al have developed and proposed a new method of resection of these gastric mesenchymal tumours within the field of endoscopy, a procedure they have termed endoscopic calabash ligation and resection. This editorial aims to outlay the current landscape for gastric mesenchymal tumours with regards to the various guidelines and resection techniques while comparing Lin et al ’s new technique to those that are already established in the field of endoscopy. Advancements in endoscopy that maintain or improve patient outcomes compared to the gold standard approach are exciting developments. Lin et al ’s study suggests that their technique is comparable in regard to patient outcomes while simultaneously being more efficient in its use of hospital resources including procedural time. Whilst the data and analysis proposed in the study is promising, there are areas that need to be addressed before advocating the procedure for widespread use. However, with further studies and analysis this may be foreseeable in the future.
High-Flow Prescriptive Fueling Protocols for Gaseous Hydrogen Powered Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicles
Authors:   Fuel Cell Standards Committee
Published: February 2025

This TIR establishes high-flow fueling protocols, including their process limits for fueling of compressed gaseous hydrogen vehicles at peak flow rates from 60 to 300 g/s with compressed hydrogen storage system (CHSS) volume capacities between 248.6 and 7500 L which have been qualified to UN GTR #13. This document is initially being published as a TIR due to limited field testing of the fueling protocols. Once the fueling protocols have been field tested, the SAE Fuel Cell Standards Committee Interface Task Force intends to publish a revision to this document as an SAE Standard.
An other time
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth R
Published: February 2025

As both Jane Bennett and William Connolly have argued, time is an ever-present reference point for climate action and for the Anthropocene. The era is characterized by temporal thresholds and tipping points as well as historic junctures that indicate a radical shift in geo-, bio-, and atmospheric processes. In the context of prevailing narratives of late planetary capitalism and the Anthropocene, ‘we’ – the Western anti-heroes of planetary destruction – have a problem with time. Namely, we are ‘running out of it’ or have already arrived at our ‘last best chance’ or we have already passed the threshold and it has become ‘too late’. In the face of this crisis of time, Bennett writes, there is a presumption that the necessary response is one of immediate action. The kind of action that, perhaps, ‘follows the science’ to institute transformative political change, in which a ‘uniquely human’ and sovereign power ‘“takes action” in a field or spatial locale that is not itself considered to have a comparable kind of efficacy’ (Bennett, this special issue). In this reflection on Bennett and Connolly’s work, I consider the temporal dimensions of political subjectivity and action in the Anthropocene. In conversation with my own work in the science of jellyfish research, I consider what it might mean to take seriously the ‘heterogeneous temporalities’ (Connolly, this special issue) that constitute the earth as an abstract machine. I follow Bennett’s line of questioning to ask after the kinds of action appropriate to a plurality of geographies and temporalities. Ultimately, I argue that taking heterogeneous temporalities seriously will require new forms and methods of inquiry, scientific and otherwise.
Papiery osobiste, korespondencja i autografy Wincentego Witosa w zbiorach Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie
Authors: Łukawski Łukasz
Published: February 2025

Wincenty Witos, a politician, the prime minister of the Republic of Poland, and the leader of the people’s movement was born on January 21, 1874 in Wierzchosławice outside of Tarnów. The year 2024 marks the hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of this outstanding Pole and statesman’s birth, on which occasion the Sejm of the Republic of Poland on July 28, 2023 passed a resolution declaring 2024 as the year of Wincenty Witos.

The Manuscript Collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow contains a large body of materials and memorabilia related to this long-standing leader of the people’s movement. The anniversary is an occasion to choose and discuss those most interesting and valuable of them. They consist of fragments of correspondence conducted by Witos, as well as letters addressed to him, both autographs and handwritten and typewritten copies. Another valuable source are personal documents of Wincenty Witos, tied mostly to his political activism, though among them are also fragments of the autograph of his memoir. Wincenty Witos, during his long-term public activity in the political life of Galicia, and later the Second Polish Republic, held state and parliamentary positions, as well as ones connected with his activism in the people’s movement, in the Manuscript Collection of the Scientific Library of the PAAS and the PAS in Cracow there is no shortage of official letters and papers documenting this activity. The last collection worth discussing is that of few but interesting photographs of this outstanding politician.
Lessons Learned from the 2014 Russia-Ukraine War and Major Doctrinal Changes in the U.S. Army
Authors:   Korea Research Institute for Strategy, Lee Seungwoo
Published: February 2025

Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014 without a major battle had a major political and military shock to the West. At this time, the method of warfare applied by Russia was called in the West by various terms such as 'New Generation Warfare', 'Hybrid Warfare', 'Cognitive Warfare', and 'Information Warfare'. Meanwhile, research to respond to this has been actively conducted and is still ongoing.
Our military must also study the lessons of the Russia-Ukraine war and prepare for future wars. But how can we derive practical and objective lessons learned? There may be errors in deriving lessons learned from articles in media outlets such as newspapers and TV, and data from the Internet and SNS. Accurate analysis is limited unless you participate in a war or send a military lessons learned team. From our military's perspective, a realistic and efficient method is to refer to official military analysis data from countries that can practically and objectively observe the war, such as the US military and NATO, and the doctrine developed through that data.
Since 2014, the U.S. military has organized a Russian next-generation warfare research team at the U.S. Army Training & Doctrine Command to analyze the Russia-Ukraine war, derive war lessons, and improve doctrine. In particular, the doctrine at the operational level showed fruition with the publication of FM 3-0 Operations in 2022 and ADP 3-13 Information in 2023. The key content is to reflect ‘adversarial competition below armed confloct’ in the continuum of competition and improve it so that non-physical activities such as ‘information power’ can be actively utilized in this situation.
Since North Korea is also likely to apply Russia's methods of warfare, I think it is a very meaningful task to understand the content of the doctrine improvements that reflect the results of the research on Russia's methods of warfare conducted by the U.S. military for 10 years since 2014 and reflect them in our doctrine.
Development and Validation of an Assessment Tool for Measuring Innovative Thinking in STEM Students
Authors: Nacion Ronald H.
Published: February 2025

The researchers conducted this study to develop and validate instrument an assessment tool for measuring innovative thinking in STEM students of Hilongos National Vocational School, Hilongos, Leyte, in 2024. It was done in three-phases: (1) Construct Specification and Item Creation; (2) Content Validation; and (3) Internal Consistency Assessment. Figure 1 shows the overview of the instrument development and validation process adopted from Bazhan et al. (2023) with modifications. As to content validity, the expert panel members evaluated the 150 items based on the four-point scale. Then, CVI for each item was calculated. Items are retained if they have a Content Validity Ratio (CVR) of 0.60 or higher and a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.80 or higher, while items are eliminated if they fall below either criterion, with a CVR of less than 0.60 or a CVI of less than 0.80. The remaining items were revised to satisfy the recommendations of the experts in terms of the consistency of statements’ verb tenses as well as the points of view utilized. As to internal consistency, it revealed that the reliability of the five constructs is greater than 0.90, indicating that the reliability is acceptable. This implies that all items demonstrated a valid internal consistency. Cronbach’s α between 0.8 to 1 shows good reliability, between 0.6 to 0.79 indicates the reliability is acceptable, and less than 0.6 indicates poor reliability. The developed questionnaire for measuring innovative thinking in STEM students exhibited strong reliability and content validity. The instrument effectively captured the core dimensions of innovative thinking, such as observing, questioning, experimenting, idea networking, and associating. The factor analysis results supported the instrument's underlying structure, and Cronbach's alpha values indicated high internal consistency. These findings suggest that the questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing innovative thinking in STEM students.