bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Tobacco Cessation Counselling and Behavioural Changes using Multi theory Model (Mtm)
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Jaggi Amrita , Taneja Pratibha
Published: July 2021

Background:

Effective tobacco cessation programs using advice and counselling, have helped a substantial proportion of people quit smoking. Effectiveness of this tobacco cessation counselling needs to be evaluated.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco cessation counselling and behavioural changes using Multi Theory Model (MTM).

Setting and Design:

A non-randomised uncontrolled trial was conducted on 100 tobacco users visiting dental college in Bangalore.

Methods and Materials:

A 28 item questionnaire multi-theory model (MTM) for health behaviour was administered at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after providing standardized tobacco cessation counselling (TCC) intervention at baseline.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analysed and comparison were made using repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment (P < 0.05).

Results:

A total of 64 participants completed the 12 week follow-up. The mean age was 44.3 ± 10.1 years and 75.8% were males. There was significantly increase in mean MTM behaviour change score from baseline (32.78 ± 4.8) to 2 weeks (52.37 ± 5.27), 6 weeks (49.81 ± 4.34) and 12 weeks (48.7 ± 3.50) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

There was increase in MTM model scores in subsequent follow up suggesting behavioural changes and overall effectiveness of the Tobacco cessation counselling (TCC) among tobacco users.
Stereomicroscopic Analysis of Microleakage, Evaluation of Shear Bond Strengths and Adhesive Remnants Beneath Orthodontic Brackets under Cyclic Exposure to Commonly Consumed Commercial “Soft” Drinks
Authors: Pulgaonkar Rohan , Chitra Prasad
Published: July 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Coca-Cola®, Sprite®, and Maaza® on Microleakage, shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnants underneath orthodontic brackets.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 192 human premolar teeth were used in this study. The sample was divided into four groups: Artificial saliva (control) [Group 1], Coca-Cola [Group 2], Sprite [Group 3] and Maaza [Group 4]. All the samples were stored in artificial saliva and immersed in their respective testing media (except the control group) for 15 minutes 3 times a day, separated by intervals of 8 hours. The immersion cycle was repeated for 15 days. After the immersion cycle, 24 teeth from each group were tested for SBS and adhesive remnant index subsequently. The remaining 24 teeth from each group underwent dyeing with methylene blue and were analyzed stereomicroscopically to evaluate microleakage underneath the brackets. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro normality tests were performed and homogeneity of variance was tested with the Levene test. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out separately for SBS, ARI and microleakage. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago) software.

Results:

Coca-Cola showed a significant reduction in SBS and microleakage (p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. ARI did not show any significant differences between any groups (p > 0.05). The mean microleakage scores were higher for the gingival side of the brackets compared to the incisal side. Both Sprite and Maaza showed significant differences compared to artificial saliva, despite the SBS not being statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:

A significant reduction of SBS was observed in Coca-Cola while increased microleakage was seen in all three drinks compared to artificial saliva.
Simultaneous amplification of herpes simplex virus type 2 and Epstein–Barr virus in an immunocompetent host with acute retinal necrosis
Authors: Ortiz-Morales Gustavo , Ruiz-Lozano Raul E. , Garza-Garza Lucas A. , Rodriguez-Valdes Patricio J. , Alvarez-Guzman Carlos
Published: July 2021

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is an ocular inflammatory disease characterized by panuveitis and retinal vasculitis. Herpes virus is strongly associated with ARN and can often be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of vitreous samples. The authors report a case of ARN associated with herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in an immunocompetent host. A 72-year-old man with a history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus presented with sudden vision loss in the left eye in the setting of hypertensive anterior uveitis and severe vitreous inflammation. ARN was diagnosed and antiviral and steroid treatment was initiated. Vitritis improved 1 week later and foci of retinal necrosis with occlusive vasculitis were observed. Three days later, a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment developed. Pars plana vitrectomy with retinopexy was performed and a vitreous PCR test was positive for both HSV-2 and EBV. Despite retinal reattachment, visual acuity did not improve. Prophylactic antiviral therapy was continued for the fellow eye. The coexistence of more than one virus in the ARN context is exceedingly rare and might be associated with poor visual outcomes.
Herbal Medicine Teng-Long-Bu-Zhong-Tang Inhibits the Growth of Human RKO Colorectal Cancer by Regulating Apoptosis, Senescence, and Angiogenesis
Authors: Wei Meng-Meng , Wang Shuang-Shuang , Zheng Jia-Lu , Chen Lei , Peng Xiao , Chen Jin-Fang , An Hong-Mei , Hu Bing
Published: July 2021

Background:

Teng-Long-Bu-Zhong-Tang (TLBZT) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we observed the anti-cancer effects of TLBZT on human RKO CRC.

Materials and Methods:

Mice were subcutaneously transplanted with RKO cells, divided into control, 5-Fu-administered, TLBZT-administered, and TLBZT and 5-Fu combination-administered groups, and treated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) and/or TLBZT. Apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. The activity of caspase-3,-8, and-9 was detected using specific commercial kits. Cell senescence was assessed using senescence β-galactosidase staining. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

TLBZT inhibited RKO CRC tumor growth, enhanced the anti-cancer effects of 5-Fu, induced apoptosis, and activated caspase-3,-8, and-9. TLBZT induced cell senescence accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 expressions. TLBZT also inhibited angiogenesis and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor-A.

Conclusions:

TLBZT inhibited RKO CRC tumor growth and enhanced the anti-cancer effects of 5-Fu, and it could be associated with apoptosis and cell senescence induction, and angiogenesis inhibition.
On smooth Fano fourfolds of Picard number two
Authors: Hausen Jürgen , Laface Antonio , Mauz Christian
Published: July 2021

We classify the smooth Fano 4-folds of Picard number two that have a general hypersurface Cox ring.
Elective neck irradiation in the management of esthesioneuroblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Virgilio A. , Costantino A. , Sebastiani D. , Russo E. , Franzese C. , Mercante G. , Scorsetti M. , Spriano G.
Published: July 2021

Background: There is no consensus about the optimal management of the neck in clinically node negative esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). The aim of this study is to assess the impact of elective neck irradiation (ENI) in terms of regional disease control and survival. Methods: The study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines searching on Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases. The primary outcome was the regional recurrence rate (RRR), that was reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Secondary outcomes were the overall survival (OS), and the distant-metastases free survival (DMFS), that were reported as logarithm of the hazard ratios (logHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 489 clinically node negative patients were included from 9 retrospective studies. ENI significantly reduced the risk of regional recurrence compared to no treatment. No difference was measured between ENI and observation, according to both OS and DMFS. No stratified analysis could be performed based on Kadish stage and Hyams grade. Conclusions: ENI should be recommended to improve the regional disease control. No advantage was measured in terms of survival or distant metastases with a low quality of evidence. Further prospective studies should be designed to understand if ENI could be avoided in early stage and low-grade tumors.
Informalidad de empresas colaborativas y su desarrollo económico: un enfoque global
Authors: López García José Enrique
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es: Determinar la informalidad de empresas colaborativas en base a sus factores de desarrollo económico en la ciudad de Trujillo – La Libertad. La metodología de la investigación es descriptiva y con un enfoque global, ya que se recolectó, describió, analizó y vinculó datos en un mismo estudio. Donde de una consulta bibliográfica de 63 temas se obtuvo una población de 50 artículos, libros y videos, de los cuales se han considerado una muestra de 19 de ellas que tienen relación directa con las variables manejadas. El artículo, tiene un proceso de inclusión y exclusión de la bibliografía que se obtuvo bajo el método de análisis de contenidos de una serie de artículos e investigaciones descargadas de las bases de datos; Google Scholar, Dialnet y portales web de renombre, en relación a empresas colaborativas y su desarrollo económico que se tienen sobre la economía empresarial de un país teniendo en cuenta factores como la formalidad, gestión, regulación fiscal, estrategias disruptivas, actividades empresariales, apalancamiento operativo, entre otros. La información utilizada fue organizada de tal manera que permitió conocer el grado de beneficio a nivel global y si este está implementando los mecanismos necesarios para obtenerlos. De lo analizado se concluye de forma general que la informalidad en empresas colaborativas es debido a la falta de reglamentación fiscal que les hubiera permitido actuar de forma transparente.
Cédula Real de 1620 y los orígenes de la Universidad San Gregorio Magno de Quito
Authors: Sosa Freire Rex Típton
Published: July 2021

La investigación analiza los orígenes de la Universidad jesuítica de San Gregorio Magno. Tras la expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús, por disposición real, fue fusionada con la universidad dominica; fruto de esta unión nació la Real y Pública Universidad de Santo Tomás de Aquino, que luego dio paso a la Central de Quito y, finalmente, a la Universidad Central del Ecuador. En la actualidad existen apreciaciones no consensuadas sobre el año inaugural de esta primera casa magna. Algunas reseñas históricas señalan los años 1621 y 1622. Por si fuera poco, en el escudo institucional reza el lema: “fundada en 1651”. En el denominado Libro de oro institucional se ha encontrado la clave que ha permitido subsanar el inconveniente. La cédula real del 5 de septiembre de 1620, firmada por Felipe III es, por ahora, el documento más antiguo y específico de esta primigenia casa de estudios.
Liberal Globalization and Peripheral Justice
Authors: Chen Weigang
Published: July 2021

The increasing salience of cultural conflicts in the post-Cold War era brings the problem of peripheral justice, defined as the equal attainment of social justice, to the center of current debates on globalization. Specifically, they force us to directly confront the toughest challenge posed by the Weberian tradition: If the principles of justice and equality are beyond the peculiarity of the Occidental civilization, how then may we give a full explanation as to why in the West-and only in the West-the ideal of public reasoning by private people has been materialized? The present study seeks to address this fundamental challenge by drawing on the Marxist tradition of public hegemony developed by Confucian Marxists and Gramsci. I argue that at the core of the problem of peripheral justice is an intrinsic linkage between Eurocentricism and the liberal paradigm of "civil society." The prospect of equal justice, therefore, hinges on the development of a new conception of the "social" that reverses the liberal interpretation of the relationship between bourgeois subjectivity and the "social" and derives from the primacy of the ethical life for social formation.
Deconstructing the “War of All Against All”: The Prevalence and Implications of War Metaphors and Other Adversarial News Schema in TIME, Newsweek, and Maclean’s
Authors: Karlberg Michael , Buell Leslie
Published: July 2021

This study examines and critiques the discursive construction of a Hobbesian “war of all against all” in North American commercial news magazines. The prevalence of war metaphors and related adversarial news schemas is documented over a twenty year period, from 1981 to 2000, through an analysis of TIME and Newsweek, along with their Canadian counterpart Maclean’s. After documenting the pervasiveness of these discursive constructs, the paper discusses the underlying causes and potential consequences of these patterns in commercial news discourse. The paper concludes by asserting that this discursively constructed “war of all against all” is highly problematic and unsustainable in an age of increasing social and ecological interdependence. Accordingly, scholars who are interested in peace and conflict resolution would do well to take into account the role that news discourse and other forms of mass-mediated communication play in the perpetuation of social conflict.
An Anatomy of Conflict Resolution in Africa’s Civil Conflicts
Authors: Kieh George
Published: July 2021

The crises of the post-colonial state in Africa have led to civil wars in various African states. In several of these war affected countries, the state has disintegrated and occasioned myriad adverse consequences, including deaths, injuries, the mass displacement of people, and the collapse of the systems of governance. Against this background, this article examines the methods that have been used to terminate civil wars in Africa, and to set into motion the processes of peacebuilding. The article argues that in order to build durable peace in Africa’s post-conflict societies, the post-colonial state needs to be democratically reconstituted.
The “Public” in “Public Peace Process” and in “Mini-Publics:” A Dialogue between Democratic Theory and Peace Studies
Authors: Ron Amit
Published: July 2021

The recent attention of peace studies scholars to the role of the "public" parallels an increased interest of democratic theorists in the legitimacy of "mini-publics:" initiatives that bring small groups of citizens together to discuss policy issues. In fact, democratic activists and peace activists who seek to engage the public face similar theoretical and practical challenges. The purpose of this article is to contribute to an emerging dialogue between the disciplines of democratic theory and peace studies. Such a dialogue can be beneficial in at least two ways: it allows an exploration of the role of legitimacy in public peace processes and the burdens that legitimacy put on the institutional design of such processes, and it allows an exploration of more ambitious models of public participation in the peace process.
Culture and Procedural Justice in Transitioning Societies
Authors: Hancock Landon , d’Estrée Tamra
Published: July 2021

In any transitional justice mechanism there are tradeoffs between the search for retributive justice and the practical limitations on what can be accomplished. To date, this tension has been discussed in reference to internationally established norms of justice, which the authors argue are limited in the extent to which they can explain why certain mechanisms—such as the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission or Rwanda’s gacaca courts—have been considered successful. We argue that mechanisms that have a high overlap between local culture and elements of procedural justice are perceived as more fair and just, even to those who may not benefit—or indeed may be burdened—by their operation.
From Positionality to Relationality: A Buddhist-Oriented Relational View of Conflict Escalation and its Transformation
Authors: Kuttner Ran
Published: July 2021

Through a theoretical analysis, this paper suggests that the Buddhist philosophy and psychology offer a unique contribution to our understanding of conflict escalation and the potential for its transformation from a relational point of view. In particular, it presents an in-depth analysis of conflict escalation, applying the Buddhist Four Noble Truths and Twelve Links models. With the help of these models, it analyzes the psychological process that invokes the escalation of conflict, resulting in what is considered “suffering” (Duhkha) in Buddhist thought, seen also as lack of relational awareness. The paper demonstrates how a Buddhist-oriented view of conflict adds value to current scholarship of relational conflict resolution and has the potential to help conflict specialists transform adversity into dialogue. Furthermore, it argues that the suggested framework can help scholars and practitioners who implement Mindfulness practices into ADR processes assist disputants cultivate relational awareness.
Relational Identities: Reclaiming Ourselves through Recreating Each Other in Collaborative Conversations in Group Therapy Work
Authors: Quintas Celia , Burnett Christopher
Published: July 2021

This project took place at an outpatient mental health setting, and offers new understandings in our pursuit for communal well-being. It documents the unique participation of group members in the co-creaction of new knowledge and better understanding of human relationships using a participatory action research methodology. The article explores how improvements can take place in the lives of people diagnosed as chronically mentally ill. It demonstrates how a postmodern, collaborative approach to group therapy impacted the ways in which persons diagnosed with serious and chronic mental illness recreated their identities, thereby affecting their ways of relating to others and to themselves. It examines the social and communal components of understanding human behavior, moving away from an intrapsychic and individualistic framework. Doing so allows us to expand our awareness and utilize our humanity in the treatment of people who have been diagnosed with mental illnesses. The role and power of collaboration are illustrated by considering the unique ways group members presented their ideas and behaved with one another. Possibilities for more sustainable ways of living together and sharing meaningful moments are considered. This article can serve as an invitation for how mental health professionals can also contribute to a culture of peace.
Fictional Reality or Real Fictionality? The Relationship between Fictional Texts and Psychological Perceptions of Societies in Conflict
Authors: Benziman Yuval
Published: July 2021

The study of groups’ behaviors in conflicts has shown that societies favor the in-group, delegitimize the out-group, and provide explanations for members of society as to why the conflict erupted and how to cope with it. It has been claimed that societies share a psychological in-group repertoire, an ethos of conflict, and that they develop a culture of conflict. As part of societies’ mechanisms, culture and fictional products – films, books and plays – have an important role in shaping the way people perceive, think and act in conflicts. Yet fictional texts, by their mere characteristics, provide a discourse which is more ambiguous and more equivocal: They speak in different voices, have many layers, and present the fictional reality in complex and even self-contradicting ways. There is therefore a contradiction between the role cultural texts supposedly have in an ethos of conflict, and the complex discourse they present. Looking at novels and films produced in Israel in the 1980s as a case study, the article shows that cultural products do not necessarily go in line with what one could expect from texts produced in a society in conflict. It is shown that in this particular case the cultural products provide a picture that resembles the ethos of conflict that will take the forefront 20 years later but not of the time in which they were produced. Three hypotheses are suggested in order to explain this gap.
El Sector Agropecuario en el Ecuador: análisis descriptivo del impacto en la sostenibilidad por el COVID-19 / The Agricultural Sector in Ecuador: descriptive analysis of the impact on sustainability by COVID-19
Authors: De Jesús Eras Agila, Rosana , Margot Lalangui Balcázar , Joel Cabrera Peñaloza Carlos , Elizabeth Espinoza Guartán , Rafael Vilela Flores Adalberto , Evelyn Vilela González , Verónica Velecela Jaya Liz
Published: July 2021

El sector agropecuario ha tenido una incidencia importante en el desarrollo del Ecuador, debido a que su rol no se limita únicamente al sostenimiento de la soberanía alimentaria, sino que además contribuye significativamente en la economía, a través de los tributos que las empresas constituidas en esta rama aportan al erario nacional. Pese a lo indicado, no se ha encontrado exento frente a la crisis surgida por el COVID-19, reflejándose este efecto en los ingresos percibidos y, por consiguiente, en las arcas estatales. Por lo expuesto, se plantea como objetivo analizar el impacto económico del sector agropecuario ecuatoriano por la pandemia, a través de la revisión de las cifras arrojadas por las instituciones estatales durante los años 2019 y 2020, siendo una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo que, mediante el análisis documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias de informes económicos, artículos científicos, artículos económicos, artículos institucionales y otros, con el uso de matrices permite cumplir el propósito de estudio.  Entre los principales resultados se determina que, a pesar que el sector se mantuvo operativo durante la pandemia, refleja una caída del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) con un decrecimiento en comparación al 2019, siendo un resultado similar para el Valor Agregado Bruto del sector no petrolero cayendo en -6.6% en contraste al -1.1% del periodo anterior, generando una reducción del 13% en el pago de impuesto a la renta en el periodo antes mencionado desencadenado por los elevados costos de insumos y servicios conexos, entre otros.
Utilización de los conectores discursivos en la construcción textual de contenido axiológico
Authors: Castellón Perez Yarisleidy
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se enfatizó en la utilización de los conectores discursivos en la construcción de textos escritos de contenido axiológico con un marcado carácter reflexivo teniendo en cuenta para ello el pensamiento de Ernesto Guevara y Fidel Castro y su vigencia en la sociedad actual, se seleccionaron estudiantes de la Educación Preuniversitaria para la población y muestra que presentaban dificultades en la utilización de los conectores del discurso, se constató a partir de un diagnóstico inicial la problemática, se elaboró y aplicó un sistema de ejercicios y posteriormente se implementó una comprobación final para constatar la eficacia del mismo, se obtuvo que se fortaleció la formación de valores y el modo de actuación de las futuras generaciones de cubanos de forma tal que perduren las conquistas alcanzadas por la revolución y se perfeccionó la utilización de los conectores discursivos en la construcción de textos escritos.
Detection of Disease in Maize Plant Using Deep Learning
Authors: Reddy Dr.B. Rama Subba , Madhavi Dr.G. Bindu , Lakshmi C.H. Sri , Nagendra Dr.K. Venkata , Sridevi Dr.R.
Published: July 2021

Agriculture is vital to the Indian economy as over 17 percent of total GDP and employs more than 60 percent of the population relies on agriculture. This research focuses on plant diseases as they create a major threat to food production as well as for small-scale farmer’s livelihood. Expert workers are employed in traditional farming to visually evaluate row by row to identify plant diseases, which is a time-consuming, labor-intensive activity that is potentially error-prone because it is done by humans. The aim of this research is to develop an automated detection model that uses a combination of image processing and deep learning techniques (Faster R-CNN+ResNet50) to analyze real-time images and detect and classify the three common maize plant diseases: Common Rust, Cercospora Leaf Spot, and Northern Leaf Blight. The proposed system achieved 91% accuracy and successfully detects three maize diseases.
A Model Proposal For Logistics Center Capacity Evaluation: Kars Logistics Center Example
Authors: YILDIZ Kürşat , EFE Zehra , YERLİKAYA Mehmet Akif
Published: July 2021

Turkey is one of the few countries that ambitiously tries to build new logistics centers. Kars-Turkey has a strategic importance in terms of logistics and transportation center due to its geographical features. In Kars province, the construction of the logistics center was launched in 2017. On the other hand, "Capacity" is a very important parameter for logistics centers, especially ones that manage large commercial flows. Insufficiency or excess capacity may cause negative issues, in terms of cost and space. In this study, the freight capacity assessment of Kars logistics center has been made and a logistics model that maximizes the capacity utilization has been proposed according to this assessment. This logistics model consists of three stages: The first is the estimation of the future freight transport amounts with the Exponential Smoothing method according to the past freight transport data. The second is to determine the alternative transportation scenarios that maximize the capacity utilization of the Kars logistics center with a mathematical model. Third, the TOPSIS method is the most suitable one among these alternative scenarios. Because the best use of capacity in logistics centers has become a problem, the proposed model is intended to be a reference for all logistics centers. Thus, we aim to provide efficient usage of the Kars logistics center by its full capacity. The solution results have been revealed that the proposed model is effective and valid. In the literature, there is no model that maximizes capacity utilization and determines the optimal transport scenario for a logistics center.
The Influence of Internal Controls on Public Financial Reporting Quality (PFRQ) in Sri Lanka; an Empirical Study
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Development Administration, Sri Lanka, M.S. Anuruddha,
Published: July 2021

Public financial reporting is accountable to maintain public trust by protecting the accountability, openness, and transparency of public money which leads to the good governance of the country. There were many criticisms over financial reporting quality by various stakeholders of entities across the countries. There is a growing concern over the quality of PFR which determines the level of performing expectations of financial reporting. Assurance of PFR in Sri Lanka has deteriorated and been questioned by legislative authorities and interested parties because of the quality concerns. Considering the scholarly studies in various countries, the study was carried out in Sri Lanka to investigate the influence of Internal Controls (ICs) over the Public Financial Reporting Quality (PFRQ) with an objective to measure and conclude the determinants. To conclude the impact, the study investigates the influence of five basic dimensions of ICs introduced in previous literature, namely: Control Environment, Risk Assessment, Control Activities, Information & Communication, and Monitoring. Considering the facts of the context of Sri Lanka, the research has investigated the influence of IC on public financial reporting quality in the central government ministries and departments environment in Sri Lanka. The primary data was collected by a questionnaire survey conducted with accountants who are being employed in the central government ministries and departments in Sri Lanka. Data have collected by a structured questionnaire and verified by Cronbach’s alpha test for reliability. A multiple linear regression model was developed and tested to determine the statistical influence of variables of IC over the dependent PFRQ. The findings investigate and conclude the positively significant influence of IC on the PFRQ in the central government ministries and departments in Sri Lanka. Further, it was admitted the significant direct influence of IC attributes of Control Environment, Information and Communication and Monitoring to determine the PFRQ. Based on the facts, the study recommends the public sector in Sri Lanka to ensure the effectiveness of ICs in government institutions to improve and maintain the trust level of PFRQ.
Does University Selection and Geographical Region of Birth Influence Tanning Behaviors, Tanning Beliefs, and Sunscreen Barriers?
Authors: Dunn Michael S.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess whether: (1) region of the U.S. influences tanning behaviors and beliefs, and sunscreen barriers; and (2) selecting one’s university based on being near the beach influences tanning behaviors and beliefs, and sunscreen barriers. Participants consisted of 632 white undergraduate students at one mid-sized state university in a southeastern U.S. beach resort town. Students who participated completed an electronic survey. Results showed that compared to all other regions, a greater percentage of students from the Northeast reported spending 2+ hours in the sun intentionally tanning. Additionally, more students from the Northeast indicated that they looked more attractive and felt good about themselves with a tan. A greater percentage of students who selected the university based on the beach spent 2+ hours intentionally tanning and fewer of those students used the recommended SPF sunscreen.
Creating the Financial Future of Integration in Primary Care: State and National Innovations
Authors: Hodgson Jennifer , Ivey Laurie , Reitz Randall
Published: July 2021

The primary care system is a fertile ground for professionals to be trained to promote positive health behaviors. However, most primary care systems that integrate physical and behavioral health struggle with financial start-up and sustainability. The growth and development of mechanisms for supporting grass roots integration highlight the creativity and sheer will of communities, states, and healthcare systems to innovate their way to health. And now, for the first time, national-level funding initiatives have begun to support integration. This article highlights funding mechanisms at the state, foundation, payor, and federal levels that have been used to champion innovation. It provides a historical and future-oriented primer of the various mechanisms for initiating and advancing integration in primary care settings.
Physicians' Attitudes Toward Discussing Motor Vehicle Safety With Their Patients
Authors: Domigan Juliane , Glassman Tavis , Mulrow Patrick , Reindl Diana , Diehr Aaron
Published: July 2021

This investigation used constructs from the Health Belief Model to examine physicians’ attitudes toward educating patients about motor vehicle safety.  The setting was a community in the Midwest. Participants (n=188) indicated they lack the time and expertise to counsel their patients in certain areas. Perceived barriers and self-efficacy predicted 40% of the variance in physicians counseling on this subject. However, perceived benefits were not statistically significant. Training physicians on motor vehicle safety via in-services, conference seminars, or as an addition to their current curriculum may result in decreased fatalities and injuries from car crashes.
Existential Well-Being and Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults
Authors: Gallien Tara , Bian Hui , Kim Juhee , Anye Ernest Tamanji
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the independent effect of existential well-being (EWB) and religious well-being (RWB), two dimensions of spiritual well-being, on various measures of health related quality of life (HQROL) in a sample of 804 young adults. Independent variables were measured using the EWB and RWB subscales of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale; dependent variables were measured using questions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HRQOL – 14 Measure. Linear and ordinal regression results found stronger associations of EWB, compared to RWB, with increased overall HQROL, more healthy days and fewer unhealthy days, and better general health status, respectively.
College Student's Behavior, Health Beliefs, Norms, and Intentions to Use E-Cigarettes
Authors: Dunn Michael
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between college student’s behavior, health beliefs, norms, and intentions to use e-cigarettes by gender and race. A total of 442 college students with a mean age of 23.3 years old participated in the study. An electronic survey was administered among participants during the spring of 2014. The results of this study found varying patterns of use, health beliefs and intentions regarding e-cigarette use among college students of different gender and race. As research has indicated, the prevalence of use is on the rise and for effective interventions to be developed the factors that influence use need to be explored further.
Influence of Parental Attachment and Life Satisfaction on Social Tanning Behavior
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Ju , Kim Hye-Young
Published: July 2021

The goal of the study was to explore college students’ social tanning behavior based on their parental attachment and life satisfaction. The data were collected from a sample of 333 college students using a self-administered online survey tool. The questionnaire consisted of multi-item scales measuring parental attachment, life satisfaction, and social tanning behaviors (tanning bed use vs. sun tanning) along with demographic questions. The majority of the participants were female (80.2%) and Caucasian (76.9%), with an average age of 19.8 years. Results suggest that there is an association between having a high parental attachment and engaging in “social sun tanning.” College students who are highly satisfied with their life are less likely to use tanning beds with friends and families. Intervention strategies to deter harmful body-tanning should be designed to consider ways of improving quality of relationships and life.
Examining Advocacy Activity and Self-Efficacy Among Health Educators
Authors: Bliss Kadi , Dressner Madeline
Published: July 2021

A professional responsibility for health education specialists is “communicate, promote, and advocate for health, health education/promotion, and the profession” as described by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which health educators incorporate advocacy into their professional responsibilities. Additionally, this study looked at factors that impede or foster advocacy self-efficacy among health educators. Eight participants completed a 30-45 minute in-depth interview about their advocacy experiences and self-efficacy levels/influencers. Results indicated performance accomplishments and vicarious experiences were the most critical factors leading to participants’ self-reported increase in self-efficacy. Recommendations for increasing advocacy self-efficacy are described.
Social Ecological Examination of Alcohol Use Among Division III Athletes
Authors: Fetherman Debra , Bachman Jessica
Published: July 2021

Alcohol remains the most frequently abused substance among college athletes. Athletes experience a unique set of social influences on college campuses that range from intrapersonal beliefs to governing policies that can effect behaviors. A social ecological framework was used to examine the influences on reported alcohol use among a sample (n=106) of Division III athletes. Participants were surveyed regarding reported drinking habits and social ecological influences. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze which levels of the social ecological framework predicted a greater number of drinks consumed in one sitting. The full model was significant (R2=0.559, F(15,105)=7.600, p<0.001). Intrapersonal, interpersonal and institutional/organizational influences significantly added to the model.Prevention programs targeting multiple influences are important to reduce risky alcohol use among DIII athletes.
Weight Status, Physical Activity Levels, Perceived Neighborhood Health, and Healthy Community Factors Among Latinos
Authors: Funk Andrew , Rojas-Guyler Liliana , Merianos Ashley
Published: July 2021

Background: Research indicates that a better understanding of the relationship between the health status of communities and weight status and physical activity level among Latinos would be beneficial in developing culturally appropriate health education programs for this community. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2013 Greater Cincinnati Community Health Status Survey (CHSS). A total of 251 randomly sampled Latino participants were interviewed by telephone. Results: Results indicated that the majority (63%) of Latino participants reported unhealthy weight status and nearly one-third self-reported no physical activity within the past month. 29.2% rated the healthiness of the region as ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ and 16.1% rated their own living facilities as ‘fair’ or ‘poor’. Over 30% of participants reported a lack of walkable communities and between 18% and 24% reported not feeling secure, or as if they could not obtain help or depend on their communities. Non-overweight and non-obese Latino participants reported healthier community factors in comparison to their counterparts. Discussion: Study findings should be considered when creating health education programs that address these health indicators in the local Latino community.
Gross Motor Function and Health Quality of Life Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Participating in a Gymnastics Program: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ayers M. Dannielle , Taylor E. Laurette , Branscum Paul , Hofford Craig
Published: July 2021

The current study assessed impact of a gymnastics program on gross motor function and health quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eleven children participating in gymnastics were compared to ten children in a comparison group. Measurement tools were the Test of Gross Motor Development-second edition (TGMD-2) and Pediatric Quality of Life- fourth edition (PedsQL-4.0). Results showed no between group differences for overall gross motor function and health quality of life. Statistically significant differences were found for two individual skills on the TGMD-2: run (p=.026) and gallop (p=.041). Potential confounding factors were observed (i.e. rater bias, dose response, and “toe-walking”).
A Mobile App for Reducing Perceived Stress in College Students
Authors: Crandall K. Jason , Steward Kathryn , Warf Tara
Published: July 2021

Stress is a serious problem in college students. Novel on-campus stress management programs are needed to teach stress management techniques to help reduce students’ perceived stress. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, implementation, and program outcomes of a mobile app (Bingocize®) that combines exercise, health education, and bingo into a single stress management program. Preliminary results showed the mobile app may be capable of reducing perceived stress and improving stress management knowledge. Randomized controlled trials are needed, but colleges and universities may consider using the app to affect their students’ overall health and academic performance.
Condom Attitudes and Condom Use Among First Year College Men Attending A Historically Black Institution
Authors: Younge Sinead N. , Wade Bruce H. , Geter Angelica , Holliday Rhonda C. , Trawick Cynthia
Published: July 2021

The increased sexually transmitted infection incidence rate for people aged 25 and younger dis-proportionately high, particularly among young African Americans. The purpose of this study was to exam-ine condom use and attitudes over a three-year period among first year college men attending a HistoricallyBlack College/University. A total of 1,117 first year men participated in the study. Condom use at lastsexual encounter was positively related to positive condom attitudes and having gotten someone pregnantwas negatively related to positive condom attitudes during years one and two. Our findings support theneed for the development of effective interventions.
High-Risk Alcohol Use Associated with Past 30-Day Energy Drink Use
Authors: Williams Ronald D. , Woolsey Conrad L. , Housman Jeff M.
Published: July 2021

This study assessed the relationship of past 30-day energy drink consumption and measures of high-risk alcohol use. Participants included a sample of college students (N = 557) who completed a validated survey measuring the relationship of past 30-day energy drink and alcohol use. Past 30-day energy drink use was related to multiple high-risk alcohol behaviors including increased frequency of consumption, intoxication, heavy episodic drinking, and number of alcoholic drinks per occasion during the past 30-days (p<.001; r>0.26). Energy drink users reported consuming alcohol nearly twice as many days as non-energy drink users. Prevention initiatives should address the misuse of alcohol, while seeking to limitenergy drink use.
Bystander Intervention Training that Goes Beyond Sexual Violence Prevention
Authors: Orsini Muhsin Michael , Milroy Jeffrey J. , Bernick J. Bridget , Bruce Susan , Gonzalez Jessica , Bell Becky , Wyrick David L.
Published: July 2021

This study evaluates the Step UP! Bystander Intervention Program and explores whether training that addresses numerous problematic situations is warranted for both collegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. Data were collected from 731 students who participated in 49 trainings. Significantly more student-athletes compared to non-athletes reported witnessing 4 of the 5problem behaviors. Participation significantly improved knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy to use bystander intervention behaviors among collegiate student-athletes and non-athletes. The findings support addressing a variety of problem behaviors to promote safety and well-being of college students and suggest student-athletes should be targeted for enhanced programming.
Understanding the Effect of Resistant Training and Amino Acid Supplement on Weight Perception and Body Image
Authors: Yoo Jeong-Ju , Willoughby Darryn , Funderburk LesLee
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate if the combination of resistance training (RT) and an intake of amino acid supplement will have a positive impact on weight preoccupation, self-classified weight and body satisfaction. A total of 33 usable data sets were obtained from the survey among 40 women who participated in this 10-week RT program, and they were given either 5 grams of placebo or amino acid (leucine). RT and the amino acid supplement played an important role in body satisfaction overall. Determining the most effective combination of approaches to tailor recommendations for adults for optimal quality of life is crucial.
Commentary: Social Media and the Ethical Principles of its use in Public Health and Health Education Research
Authors: Tseng Tung-Sung , Kanekar Amar , Vogelzang Jody L. , Hiller Marc D. , Headley Sely-Ann A.
Published: July 2021

Social media or web-based interventions are powerful and effi cient tools that have been widely applied in several areas of public health. Social media has become one of the most important approaches for recruitment or intervention, increasing awareness and knowledge of health issues, and in uencing attitudes towards health behavior change. The following article is a narrative review of following subtopics: a) application of social media in public health research and b) role and application of ethical principles in social media based research and highlights the application of ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice and surrounding issues faced by health education researchers while conducting health education research. We propose revisions to the code of ethics for health education specialists incor-porating application of ethical principles in social media usage.
Handwashing and Plant Based Nutrition: Recurring Themes in Health Education
Authors: Rooke Jennifer
Published: July 2021

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cites handwashing as the most effective way to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Although unbelievable now, handwashing was considered extreme and impractical in the early 1980s. Acceptance that cleanliness could prevent infectious diseases took over 60 years. We may be in a similar place now with whole food plant-based nutrition (WFPBN) which is considered to be extreme and impractical by the mainstream medical community and supporting evidence is rejected or ignored. Countless lives have been lost by the medical community’s slow acceptance of lifesaving behavior changes.
Food Insecurity, Carotenoid Values and Coping Strategies of Students on a Mid-Sized College Campus
Authors: Smith Elizabeth A. , Story Chandra R. , Hobbs Korissa C. , Bos Tyler , Thareja Garvita
Published: July 2021

Food insecurity is a serious public health problem among college students, negatively affecting academic performance and health outcomes. The primary objective of the study involved the exploration of the potential association between food insecurity and carotenoid scan levels. Additionally, the association between food insecurity and coping strategies utilized was investigated. A Qualtrics survey and BioPhotonic Scanner™ were utilized to conduct an exploratory cross-sectional study with students from a mid-size four-year university (n=410). The USDA food security definitions and assessment tools were used for categorization. More than 31% percent of participants were classified as food insecure, with 5.1% considered very low and 26.6% low food security. A statistically significant factor associated with food insecurity was ethnicity (OR= .19). Other factors included: skipped buying textbooks to buy food (OR=.09), avoided buying expensive foods like fruits and vegetables (OR=.24), stretched food by limiting (OR= .09), removed spoiled parts from fruits and vegetables (OR= .73). Carotenoid scan scores were not associated with food insecurity. Coping strategies are often used by food insecure students and should be further examined to pinpoint promising strategies.
AS ORGANIZAÇÕES SOLIDÁRIAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASCAVEL/PR, E A IMPORTÂNCIA DA EDUCAÇÃO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL JUSTO E SUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Barreto Jonatas dos Santos , Deitos Roberto Antonio , De Oliveira Irene Carniatto
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os empreendimentos econômicos solidários no município de Cascavel/PR, que buscam como alternativa de sobrevivência a coletividade, em meio ao sistema exploratório do mundo do trabalho, que projetou a reestruturação das Políticas Sociais, contribuindo para a territorialização e efetivação da sustentabilidade. O estudo é norteado por meio de análise e observação do processo de formação dos beneficiários, capacitados através do projeto CFES – Centro de Formação de Economia solidária no estado do Paraná, especificamente, na Cidade de Cascavel, que foi selecionada como núcleo potencial. Desta forma, diagnosticar-se-á quais as contribuições deste processo de formação e as principais dificuldades para a busca da autogestão dos empreendimentos, que passaram por este processo de formação, tendo como base a organização dos catadores de materiais recicláveis locais.