bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dCas9-Based System Identifies a Central Role for Ctf19 in Kinetochore-Derived Suppression of Meiotic Recombination
Authors: Kuhl Lisa-Marie , Makrantoni Vasso , Recknagel Sarah , Vaze Animish N , Marston Adele L , Vader Gerben
Published: August 2020

A dCas9-based system is developed to query the regulation of kinetochore-driven meiotic recombinational control....
Inoculantes microbianos incorporados al cultivo de Ipomoea batatas L. en el Valle del Sinú
Authors: Sánchez López Diana Beatriz , Pérez Pazos Jazmín Vanessa , Luna Castellanos Lily Lorena , García Peña Joaquín Alfonso , Espitia Montes Amaury Aroldo
Published: August 2020

La batata (Ipomoea batatas L.) se cultiva en todo el mundo como fuente de carbohidratos, y su producción comercial requiere un alto aporte de fertilizantes químicos, lo cual eleva los costos de producción. Los inoculantes microbianos, se emplean como una fuente alternativa de nutrición vegetal. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de Pseudomonas denitrificans IBVS2 y Azotobacter vinelandii IBVS13 con diferentes niveles fertilización química nitrogenada en el cultivo de batata en la microrregión del Valle del Sinú en el Caribe Colombiano. Para los montajes de los experimentos se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones usando como material vegetal plántulas obtenidas in vitro endurecidas en invernadero. Los resultados demostraron que la cepa Azotobacter vinelandii IBVS13 con un 75% de fertilización nitrogenada (FN) mejoró la capacidad de acumulación de materia seca en los tubérculos de batata, generando incrementos de 6,65 t/ha respecto al testigo químico y 3,18 t/ha en relación con el testigo absoluto, garantizando un incremento del rendimiento. Así mismo, el contenido de proteína bruta aumentó 13,93% al realizar la inoculación de las plantas con esta cepa. En el mismo sentido, la cepa Pseudomonas denitrificans IBVS2+ fertilización nitrogenada 50% presentó aumentos en la variable de fibra cruda 31,75% respecto al testigo absoluto, contribuyendo de manera eficaz como bioestimulante microbiano en la agricultura.
Micropropagación de Prosopis pallida (Humb &Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Kunth a partir de yemas apicales
Authors: Rivera Curi Jean Carlo , Cabrera Pintado Rosa María , Bulnes Soriano Carlos Fernando
Published: August 2020

Prosopis pallida, conocido como algarrobo, es una especie emblemática de los bosques secos del norte del Perú. Es de gran importancia económica por su uso en la producción de leña y carbón, así como en la producción de algarrobina proveniente de sus frutos. Actualmente las actividades humanas han deforestado grandes poblaciones de algarrobo en el bosque seco,  por lo que es muy importante una propagación masiva para planes de reforestación a gran escala en esos ecosistemas, con la finalidad de conservar la especie y también las características genéticas de individuos élite. El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer un protocolo para la propagación in vitro de algarrobo. Previo a la siembra in vitro, se evaluaron tres tratamientos pregerminativos para poder acelerar la germinación de las semillas con la finalidad de obtener mayor material de propagación. Luego se evaluó el efecto del medio de plantas leñosas con la adición de cuatro concentraciones (0; 0,5; 1,0 y 1,5 mg/L) de citoquininas (BAP y ZEA) sobre la propagación in vitro de Prosopis pallida, habiendo realizado tres ensayos debido a la poca efectividad de brotación de las yemas apicales, resultando mejor la ausencia de citoquininas en yemas apicales con sus dos cotiledones, usando tapas de algodón en los tubos de ensayo. En esta etapa se evaluó el número de nudos, altura de plántula y número de brotes. Para el enraizamiento se ensayó con tres concentraciones (0; 0,5 y 1,0 mg/L)  de auxinas (NAA, IBA y IAA), y se evaluó el porcentaje de enraizamiento, longitud de la raíz y  número de raíces; obteniéndose mejores resultados con 0,5 mg/L IBA. En la fase de aclimatación se evaluó el porcentaje de aclimatación en dos tipos de sustratos, obteniéndose mejores resultados con sustrato comercial de turba y vermiculita.
Evaluación de fijadores biológicos de nitrógeno libres sobre el crecimiento de gramíneas en suelo degradado
Authors: Ariza Rodríguez Sebastián , González Murillo Octavio , López  Sánchez Jacqueline
Published: August 2020

Debido a los problemas de degradación del suelo que se presentan actualmente, los fijadores biológicos de nitrógenos libres (FBNL), tienen potencial como microorganismos regeneradores de este recurso. Con el objetivo de evaluar su capacidad como grupo funcional, se buscó el aislamiento en medios selectivos Ashby y FBN; su caracterización morfológica y bioquímica; su crecimiento e inoculación en semillas de maíz (Zea mays) y Brachiaria decumbens; sembradas en un suelo degradado del predio La Ortega de la Universidad de Medellín. Se tuvieron 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones, los cuales estuvieron 36 días en el invernadero de Sobiotech S.A.S. y los datos se analizaron mediante un ANOVA con un nivel de significancia de α 0,05. Los resultados más destacados los presentó la Brachiaria decumbens al incrementar el peso seco y la longitud de sus raíces gracias a un aislado FBNL (AshAssm4); esto lo constituye en un microorganismo con el potencial de mejorar los procesos de revegetalización y restauración de suelos degradados.
Estado de la investigación científica y el acceso a los recursos genéticos por grupos de investigación colombianos
Authors: Cancino Escalante Giovanni Orlando , Chaparro Giraldo Alejandro
Published: August 2020

Colombia ocupa el segundo lugar entre los doce países con mayor diversidad biológica del mundo, después de Brasil. Participa actualmente con el 14% de la biodiversidad del planeta, que se considera uno de los activos más importantes del país. En todo el mundo ocupa el primer lugar en diversidad de especies de aves y el segundo en plantas, de ahí la importancia de controlar el acceso a las especies nativas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar el estado actual de la investigación científica y el acceso a los recursos genéticos por parte de los grupos de investigación colombianos a través de la revisión de sus proyectos de investigación descritos en la base de datos nacional de Colciencias GrupLAC para el período 2013-2018. Los grupos de investigación se clasificaron en seis áreas según el programa nacional de ciencia y tecnología (Biotecnología, Ciencias Básicas, Ciencias del Mar, Salud, Ciencias Agrícolas y Biodiversidad y Hábitat); y los proyectos de investigación se dividieron en cinco actividades, según las modificaciones aprobadas en 2013 y las precisiones establecidas en 2014 a la legislación colombiana sobre acceso a los recursos genéticos. Los resultados muestran que del total de 2168 proyectos revisados, 198 (9,1%) emplearon especies nativas en sus investigaciones divididas en las siguientes categorías: sistemática molecular (38,3%), ecología molecular (18, 1%), biogeografía (2,7 %), y otros (40, 9%). Por su parte el Ministerio del medio ambiente reporto un total de 273 solicitudes de contratos de Acceso a Recurso Genéticos para el mismo periodo. El estudio también determinó que los últimos desarrollos legislativos en Colombia, que diferencian y simplifican el procedimiento para realizar investigaciones sobre recursos genéticos, han tenido un impacto positivo en este tipo de investigación, dado que el número de solicitudes de contratos a acceso de recursos genéticos ha aumento significativamente en los últimos 5 años.
Biodegradation of cyanide using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Bacillus pumilus cyanide dihydratase
Authors: Panay Aram Joel , Vargas-Serna Claudia Liliana , Carmona-Orozco Maria Lorena
Published: August 2020

Despite its high toxicity, cyanide is used in several industrial processes, and as a result, large volumes of cyanide wastewater need to be treated prior to discharge. Enzymatic degradation of industrial cyanide wastewater by cyanide dihydratase, which is capable of converting cyanide to ammonia and formate, is an attractive alternative to conventional chemical methods of cyanide decontamination. However, the main impediment to the use of this enzyme for the biodegradation of cyanide is the intolerance to the alkaline pH at which cyanide waste is kept and its low thermoresistance. In the present study, the catalytic properties of whole E. coli cells overexpressing a cyanide dihydratase gene from B. pumilus were compared to those of the purified enzyme under conditions similar to those found in industrial cyanide wastewater. In addition, the capacity of whole cells to degrade free cyanide in contaminated wastewater resulting from the gold mining process was also determined. The characteristics of intracellular enzyme, relative to purified enzyme, included increased thermostability, as well as greater tolerance to heavy metals and to a lesser extent pH. On the other hand, significant enzymatic degradation (70%) of free cyanide in the industrial sample was achieved only after dilution. Nevertheless, the increased thermostability observed for intracellular CynD suggest that whole cells of E. coli overexpressing CynD are suited for process that operate at elevated temperatures, a limitation observed for the purified enzyme.
Extraction of metabolites from Calendula officinalis and evaluation of their colorant and antibacterial capacity
Authors: Rojas Bedoya Laura Cristina , Gómez López Katherine , Marín Pareja Nathalia
Published: August 2020

In this work, different bioactive compounds were obtained from Calendula officinalis by using conventional soxhlet extraction, shaker-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The effect of different extraction time and temperature on the quantity of bioactive compounds obtained was investigated. The extracts obtained were further analyzed by UV–visible spectrometric analysis. The effect of extraction technique on both the colorant power of carotenoids and antibacterial capacity of the flavonoids was evaluate. Colorant power was evaluated by UV–visible spectrometric and dyeing ability in dairy product. Antibacterial activity of extracts was developed against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium by diffusion technique in well. Outstanding extraction results were obtained by ultrasound extraction technique performed during 2 hours, at 30°C and with 96% ethanol, for bioactive compounds evaluated. The same treatment showed the best result in colorant power and dyeing ability. The extracts obtained by ultrasound had a slightly inhibitory effect of growth on E. coli in comparison with the other techniques, while none of the extracts obtained from the different techniques reported a significant inhibition on the growth of S. Typhi. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted extraction is considered as an alternative process for obtaining the bioactive compounds from C. officinalis with high concentration, colorant power and antibacterial activity.
Analysis of students’ foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as their body balance before and after exercise
Authors: Jaszczur-Nowicki Jarosław , Bukowska Joanna , Kruczkowski Dariusz , Spieszny Michał , Pieniążek Magdalena , Mańko Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

Background and Study Aim: The article presents the results of analyses of students’ foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as their body balance before and after exercise (Harvard Step Test). The aim of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as assess the degree of body balance before and after exercise. With that purpose in view, the following research hypothesis was formulated: in the students participating in the study, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground and the degree of body balance differ significantly after physical effort compared with the at-rest conditions.
Material and Methods: The study encompassed n=48 students, including 37 women and 11 men. The tests were carried out using such tools as: an EPS/R1 podobarographic mat and the impedance methods – i.e. the InBody 270 body composition analyser. An analysis was performed for the parameters concerning body composition, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and the level of body balance.
Results: The results obtained revealed statistically significant differences in the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions that reflected the impact of effort stimuli.
Conclusions: Significant differences reflecting the impact of the effort stimuli were expected to be achieved during the mathematical analysis of the results of podobarographic tests that allow for the assessment of the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions. The authors’ assumption was mathematically and statistically confirmed by significant differences foe most of the parameters arising out of the possibilities offered by the research method applied. Comparative assessment unquestionably revealed a negative change in foot arching, as well as lower body posture stability in the female and male subjects, resulting from the physical exercise applied.
Population structure and phylogenetic relationships in Brassica rapa L. subspecies by using isozyme markers
Authors: Sammour R. H. , Karam M. A. , Morsi Y. S. , Ali R. M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract The present study aimed to assess population structure and phylogenetic relationships of nine subspecies of Brassica rapa L. represented with thirty-five accessions cover a wide range of species distribution area using isozyme analysis in order to select more diverse accessions as supplementary resources that can be utilized for improvement of B. napus. Enzyme analysis resulted in detecting 14 putative polymorphic loci with 27 alleles. Mean allele frequency 0.04 (rare alleles) was observed in Cat4A and Cat4B in sub species Oleifera accession CR 2204/79 and in subspecies trilocularis accessions CR 2215/88 and CR 2244/88. The highest genetic diversity measures were observed in subspecies dichotoma, accession CR 1585/96 (the highest average of observed (H0) and expected heterozygosity (He), and number of alleles per locus (Ae)). These observations make this accession valuable genetic resource to be included in breeding programs for the improvement of oilseed B. napus. The average fixation index (F) is significantly higher than zero for the analysis accessions indicating a significant deficiency of heteozygosity. The divergence among subspecies indicated very great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.8972) which means that about 90% of genetic diversity is distributed among subspecies, while 10% of the diversity is distributed within subspecies. This coincides with low value of gene flow (Nm = 0.0287). B. rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape) and B. rapa ssp. trilocularis (sarson) were grouped under one cluster which coincides with the morphological classification.
PUBERTY IN A SAMPLE OF BRAZILIAN SCHOOLBOYS: ONSET AND ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Feibelmann Taciana Carla Maia , Silva Adriana Paula da , Santos Juliana Pereira Pontes , Almeida Esthefania Garcia de , Palhares Heloisa Marcelina da Cunha , Borges Maria de Fátima
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the age of puberty onset in boys and collect anthropometric data of participants at different puberty stages. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that assessed 430 boys in a random sample representing 48,390 students from public and private schools from the city of Uberaba, Southeast Brazil. The inclusion criteria were males, aged between 5 and 18 years, and absence of previous diseases. Participants and their guardians filled a semistructured questionnaire with questions relevant to their and their parents’ puberty. We set the significance at p<0.05 and calculated the 95% confidence intervals. Results: The mean age found in the puberty stage G2 was 11.2±1.8 (95% of participants in stage G2 were 9.2-13.4 years old). Pubarche data showed a mean of age of 11.0±1.6 years (95% of the participants experienced pubarche when they were 8.0-14.0 years old). When compared to the confidence intervals of two classical studies on the subject, our results showed a trend toward earlier pubarche. In addition, the mean age of this event in the children’s parents was of 12.1±1.4 years, which was significantly higher than the age of the children’s pubarche (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results indicate a secular decreasing trend in pubarche age and an earlier puberty onset. Considering these parameters, is important to design public policies aimed at preventing these early events.
THE THERAPEUTIC IMPACT OF PROBIOTICS ON NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN PEDIATRICS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Chaves Felipe Galvão Batista , Oliveira Glauco Ferreira de , Ribeiro João Paulo , Serafim João Victor , Cordeiro Luiz Felipe Medeiros , Alvares Matheus Alves , Cecchi Marcelo Trindade , Vasquez Murilo Cordeiro , Souza Thaísy Bianka Dorta de , Rullo Vera Esteves Vagnozzi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the effects of probiotics use, compared with placebo, in pediatric patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), using laboratorial and ultrasonographic parameters as outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed through MEDLINE and Lilacs databases. The articles selected were randomized controlled clinical trials published until November 2018, without any language restriction, dealing with pediatric patients with NAFLD. Patients were divided into 2 groups. One group received probiotic therapy and the other group, only received placebo. The primary outcome evaluated was the difference between the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) before and after receiving probiotics or placebo. The secondary outcomes evaluated were the serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, body mass index, serum triglycerides, waist circumference and level of liver steatosis on the ultrasonography. Results: A total of 46 articles were recovered, and 3 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, totaling 128 patients. Two trials revealed a significant decrease of alanine aminotransferase levels after treatment with probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus for 8 weeks; Bifidobacterium+Lactobacillus for 12 weeks), when compared to the placebo. The other variables did not show a statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: Probiotic therapy has contributed to the reduction of ALT serum levels in pediatric patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is in line with results found by other authors in scientific literature. Regarding the secondary outcomes, the use of probiotics did not show benefits or damages compared to placebo.
Internalização do cuidado: um estudo qualitativo com escolares que convivem com a doença falciforme
Authors: Nascimento Luciana de Cassia Nunes , Souza Tania Vignuda de , Oliveira Isabel Cristina dos Santos , Morais Rita de Cássia Melão , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a internalização do cuidado com o corpo pelo escolar com a doença falciforme com base na teoria do desenvolvimento de Vigotski e no conceito de cuidado de Collière. Método Estudo qualitativo com 15 escolares que convivem com a doença falciforme, acompanhados em ambulatório na cidade de Vitoria – ES. A técnica utilizada foi a entrevista individual e a análise temática. A hidratação corporal, o brincar, a prevenção e manejo da crise falcêmica, a alimentação e as roupas foram as unidades temáticas que emergiram. Resultados Os participantes referiram ingerir variados tipos de líquidos. As brincadeiras foram predominantemente ativas. Os medicamentos foram de reparação e manutenção da saúde. Não se evidenciou consumo de alimentos saudáveis. Observou-se a utilização de roupas adequadas ao frio. A dor foi um signo da internalização do cuidado e do conhecimento para brincadeiras. A diminuição de líquidos e roupas inadequadas desencadearam a crise falcêmica. Considerações Finais Evidenciaram-se a internalização do conhecimento e dos cuidados mediados pela dor e o despreparo dos professores pela falta de conhecimento. Implicações para a prática este estudo poderá subsidiar a melhor articulação entre profissional de saúde, criança e escola.
Perspectivas profissionais e motivações de estudantes de Medicina para atuação na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Rotta Maisse Fernandes de Oliveira , Nascimento Débora Dupas Gonçalves do
Published: August 2020

Este estudo objetiva caracterizar aspectos motivacionais de futuros médicos relativos às perspectivas profissionais e atuação na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e as estratégias indutoras do projeto político-pedagógico (PPP) dos cursos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com 31 estudantes de Medicina de duas instituições de ensino. Os dados foram coletados a partir da análise dos PPPs e de entrevista. O material empírico foi analisado pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, à luz do referencial da Teoria da Autodeterminação. Emergiram três categorias analíticas: motivação intrínseca, motivação extrínseca e desmotivação. Os resultados demonstraram a ESF como oportunidade de trabalho temporário, com ideologia que cativa os acadêmicos, mas a ação das forças motivadoras extrínsecas resulta na não escolha da área para carreira. É fundamental explorar, nos estudantes, o potencial motivacional intrínseco, desenvolvendo estratégias para romper barreiras que limitam a escolha pela ESF.
COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Disease Incidence and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Elias Michelle , Pievani Daniele , Randoux Christine , Louis Kevin , Denis Blandine , Delion Alexandra , Le Goff Océane , Antoine Corinne , Greze Clarisse , Pillebout Evangeline , Abboud Imad , Glotz Denis , Daugas Eric , Lefaucheur Carmen
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement

Although studies have found coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to be associated with high morbidity and mortality among kidney transplant recipients, risk factors for COVID-19 among kidney transplant patients remain poorly defined. In this prospective cohort study in France, the authors enrolled 1216 kidney transplant patients, 66 (5%) of whom were diagnosed with COVID-19. The mortality rate associated with COVID-19 for the overall study population was 1% and 24% among COVID-19–positive patients. Factors that were independently associated with COVID-19 included non-White race and comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, and asthma and chronic pulmonary disease. In the context of COVID-19, it is imperative that policy makers integrate information about risk factors to help clinicians balance benefits and risks and better advise patients about potential risks.

Background

COVID-19 has been associated with high morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. However, risk factors for COVID-19 disease in patients with kidney transplants remain poorly defined.

Methods

We enrolled patients who underwent kidney transplantation and were actively followed up in two hospitals in Paris on March 1st, 2020. Patients were screened for baseline and transplant characteristics, functional parameters, comorbidities, and immunosuppressive therapies. COVID-19 disease was assessed. Patients were followed up during the pandemic until April 30th, 2020 by the COVID-19 SLS KT survey program, including teleconsulting, at-home monitoring for patients with COVID-19, and a dedicated phone hotline platform.

Results

Among 1216 patients with kidney transplants enrolled, 66 (5%) patients were identified with COVID-19 disease, which is higher than the incidence observed in the general population in France (0.3%). Their mean age was 56.4±12.5 years, and 37 (56%) patients were men. The following factors were independently associated with COVID-19 disease: non-White ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.23 to 3.78; P=0.007), obesity (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.19 to 4.05; P=0.01), asthma and chronic pulmonary disease (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.49 to 6.41; P=0.002), and diabetes (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.92 to 5.77; P<0.001). The mortality rate related to COVID-19 disease was 1% in the overall study population and 24% in COVID-19–positive patients.

Conclusions

Patients with kidney transplants display a high risk of mortality. Non-White ethnicity and comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, and chronic pulmonary disease were associated with higher risk of developing COVID-19 disease. It is imperative that policy makers urgently ensure the integration of such risk factors on response operations against COVID-19.
The Consequences of Medicare Pricing: An Explanation of Treatment Choice
Authors: Falcettoni Elena
Published: August 2020

Primary care physicians (PCPs) provide more specialty procedures in less-urban areas, where specialists are fewer. Using a structural random-coefficient model and the demographic and time variation in the data, this paper shows that changes in policy-set reimbursements lead to a reallocation of the suddenly-more-remunerative procedures away from specialists and toward PCPs, and this effect is stronger, the more rural an area is. A reimbursement-unit increase for a given procedure leads to outside-metro PCPs gaining 7-15% market share more than metro PCPs in that procedure, at the expense of specialists. Small metropolitan areas and very rural areas are the most affected.
Pandemic Sociology
Authors: Pickersgill Martyn
Published: August 2020

In 1990, the sociologist Phil Strong wrote about “epidemic psychology” as part of his research on the recent history of AIDS. Strong described vividly how epidemics of fear, of explanation and moralization, and of (proposed) action accompanied the epidemic of the AIDS virus per se. In this essay, I draw on these formulations to think through the current COVID-19 crisis, illustrating too a pandemic of inequality. In so doing, I provide a sketch of a pandemic sociology.
Bench top CUT&Tag v1
Authors: S Kaya-Okur Hatice , Henikoff Steven
Published: August 2020

Here we describe a single-tube bench top protocol for Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag), an enzyme-tethering strategy that provides efficient high-resolution sequencing libraries for profiling diverse chromatin components. In CUT&Tag, a chromatin protein is bound in situ by a specific antibody, which then tethers a proteinA-Tn5 transposase fusion protein. Activation of the transposase efficiently generates fragment libraries with high resolution and exceptionally low background. All steps from live cells to sequencing-ready libraries can be performed in a single tube on the benchtop or a microwell in a high-throughput pipeline (see the Kaya-Okur high-throughput protocol), and the entire procedure can be performed in one day. We have demonstrated the utility of CUT&Tag by profiling histone modifications, RNA Polymerase II and transcription factors on low cell numbers and single cells.
ELISA for quantification of IL-11 in human serum. v1
Authors: A Justiz-Vaillant Angel
Published: August 2020

Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. [1] The immunoregulatory cytokine IL-41 (also known as meteorin-like protein) is expressed at high levels in the synovium of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).[2] Reference 1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019. 2.Onuora S. Novel cytokine, IL-41, linked with PsA.Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15(11):636. doi:10.1038/s41584-019-0314-7
Adverse drug reactions associated with the use of biological agents v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge , Valladales Luis , Parrado Yadira
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Biotech drugs open new possibilities to treat diseases for which drug therapy is limited, but they may be associated with serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The objective was to identify the ADRs associated with the use of biotech drugs in Colombia. Methods: This was a retrospective study of ADR reports from 2014 to 2019, contained in the database of the pharmacovigilance program of Audifarma SA. The ADRs, groups of associated drugs and affected organs were classified. Results: A total of 5,415 reports of ADRs associated with biotech drugs were identified in 78 Colombian cities. A total of 76.1% of the cases corresponded to women. The majority were classified as type A (55.0%) and B (28.9%), and 16.7% were serious cases. The respiratory tract was the most commonly affected organ system (16.8%), followed by the skin and adnexa (15.6%). Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs accounted for 70.6% of the reports, and the drugs related to the greatest number of ADRs were adalimumab (12.2%) and etanercept (11.6%). Conclusions: There has been an incremental increase in the reporting of ADRs associated with the use of biotech drugs in the pharmacovigilance program, related to the strengthening and appropriation of the patient safety culture and improvement in the quality of the generated information. It is important to empower physicians and entire health teams to ensure the traceability of ADRs and to perform interdisciplinary interventions derived from pharmacovigilance at the individual and population levels.
Foreign Orthodox Churches (Based on Materials from the Archive of the Office of the Holy Synod)
Authors: Shvarts N.V.
Published: August 2020

The article is an overview of documents stored in the fund 796 - the Office of the Synod. This is one of the most significant funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), which makes it possible to more fully study the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia. This article presents an analysis of only one inventory - 143 for 1862. This is the year of the first trip of F.M. Dostoevsky abroad. The trip lasted from June 7 to August 24, and during these months, along with many European cities, the writer will visit Turin, Florence, Milan, Venice. Italy occupies a special place in F.M. Dostoevsky. The writer visited this country three times, and each of the travels was significant in its own way for Fyodor Mikhailovich. But it should not be denied that the impressions received by the writer in other countries undoubtedly shaped his opinions, which were subsequently reflected in the series of essays "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions." Events and possible meetings of F.M. Dostoevsky with compatriots living abroad or traveling will become more understandable when studying archival documents.
Information, Language, Thinking of the Student in the Structure of the Methodology of the Organization of Practice-Oriented Education at the University
Authors: Mikhalkin N.V.
Published: August 2020

In its content, this article is focused on solving a number of problems. First, it represents the author's desire to clarify, from the point of view of a philosophical approach to the process of practice-oriented education at the university, the relationship of its components such as information, language and thinking; Secondly, it examines the methodology of the organization of practice-oriented education of students at the university, its content and structure; Thirdly, it is focused on identifying the factorial role of language and thinking in shaping students' skills and skills that enable them to confidently engage in practical activities. Through a consistent identification of the nature and essence of the declared phenomena, the author reveals the basic content of the mutual conditioning of all these processes, taking into account the newly emerging requirements for the education and education of students to practice.
Problems of Teaching the Translation of Legal Documents and Texts of Law Students in the Magistracy of Non-Linguistic Universities
Authors: Ukrainets I.A.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of teaching undergraduates of non-linguistic universities professional legal language. The author analyzes the current issues of training lawyers at the present stage, the composition and level of training of students entering the magistracy of law faculties. Based on his many years of experience in teaching the subject to law students at a law school, the author considers and proposes ways and methods of teaching legal translation to enhance its effectiveness. The article also discusses new concepts, such as “artificial intelligence” and “erratology” (error analysis), “legal jargon”, “legal professionalism” and their application in the practice of teaching a professional legal translation.
Secular Fragments of Tibetan Texts found at the Main Dunhuang Collection Kept at the IOM, RAS
Authors: Zorin Alexander V. , Ivao Kazushi
Published: August 2020

The paper introduces twelve fragments of secular texts in Tibetan found in the main collection of Dunhuang manuscripts preserved in the IOM, RAS. In regard of each fragment a physical description, provisional notes on their contents, digital copy and transliteration are provided. Since all the fragments are very short our identifications of the texts are just tentative. One of them, Дх-7759, relates to the divination with dice. The others are fragments of letters, economic documents, etc.
Source Model of the 2014 Mw 6.9 Yutian Earthquake at the Southwestern End of the Altyn Tagh Fault in Tibet Estimated from Satellite Images
Authors: Li Xing , Xu Wenbin , Jónsson Sigurjón , Klinger Yann , Zhang Guohong
Published: August 2020

Multiple fault segments ruptured during the 2014 Yutian earthquake, but the detailed source parameters and the mechanism of rupture complexity remain poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution TanDEM-X satellite data and Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre-6/7 images to map the coseismic ground deformation field of the event. We find that the majority of coseismic slip occurred in the upper 10 km with the maximum left-lateral fault slip of ∼2.5  m at ∼6  km depth. The fault ruptured across a large 4.5 km extensional stepover from one left-lateral fault segment to another, with some right-lateral relay faulting in between. We find that the earthquake was followed by shallow afterslip concentrating at the southwestern end of coseismic rupture, in an area of many aftershocks and positive Coulomb failure stress change. Our findings demonstrate the power of satellite remote sensing technology in constraining source geometry and slip model of complex earthquakes when ground measurements are limited.
AstroSeis: A 3D Boundary Element Modeling Code for Seismic Wavefields in Irregular Asteroids and Bodies
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zheng Yingcai
Published: August 2020

We developed a 3D elastic boundary element method computer code, called AstroSeis, to model seismic wavefields in a body with an arbitrary shape, such as an asteroid. Besides the AstroSeis can handle arbitrary surface topography, it can deal with a liquid core in an asteroid model. Both the solid and liquid domains are homogenous in our current code. For seismic sources, we can use single forces or moment tensors. The AstroSeis is implemented in the frequency domain, and the frequency-dependent Q can be readily incorporated. The code is in MATLAB (see Data and Resources), and it is straightforward to set up the model to run the code. The frequency-domain calculation is advantageous to study the long-term elastic response of a celestial body due to a cyclic force, such as the tidal force, with no numerical dispersion issue suffered by many other methods requiring volume meshing. Our AstroSeis has been benchmarked with other methods such as normal-mode summation and the direct solution method. This open-source AstroSeis will be a useful tool to study the interior and surface processes of asteroids.
Contexto para la preparación tecnológica en pymes colombianas de servicios de KPO
Authors: Carvajal-Álvarez Leonardo Andrés , Valencia-Pérez Luis Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

El propósito del artículo es presentar elementos del entorno para la preparación tecnológica, pilar de competitividad, orientándose hacia pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) colombianas de servicios de tercerización de procesos de conocimiento (Knowledge process outsourcing - KPO) y destacando la absorción de tecnología como indicador de adopción tecnológica, para diagnosticar este pilar y, a partir de la problemática resultante, pronosticar situaciones y plantear alternativas de solución. El método consiste en relacionar lineamientos estatales de competitividad de Colombia para KPO con la medición de la preparación tecnológica. Los resultados del diagnóstico son los síntomas y las causas de una problemática, de donde surge un pronóstico de continuar la situación y una alternativa de solución. En conclusión, según el enfoque multidimensional de competitividad, los determinantes de productividad tienen como indicador importante la tecnología disponible. La adopción tecnológica condiciona que el conocimiento transferido por transnacionales sea absorbido por pymes locales como consecuencia de desarrollar capacidades propias. La alternativa de solución planteada establece la necesidad de una metodología para promover la capacidad de absorción de tecnología (conocimiento) en las pymes mencionadas como fuente de ventaja competitiva, posibilitando desarrollar capital intelectual, aprendizaje organizacional e innovación, como lo demandan los retos de la competencia global.
Use of Dupilumab in 543 Adult Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Authors: Nettis E , Ferrucci SM , Ortoncelli M , Pellacani G , Foti C , Di Leo E , Patruno C , Rongioletti F , Argenziano G , Macchia L , Tavecchio S , Napolitano M , Ribero S , Bonzano L , Romita P , Di Bona D , Nisticò SP , Piras V , Calabrese G , Detoraki C , Carbonara M , Fabbrocini G
Published: August 2020

Background: Dupilumab has proven to be an effective treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in clinical trials. However, real-world experience with dupilumab in a broader population is limited. Methods: The study population comprised adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD, defined as an Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score of 24 or higher, treated with dupilumab at 10 Italian teaching hospitals. We analyzed physician-reported outcome measures (EASI), patient-reported outcome measures (pruritus and sleep score, Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]), and serological markers (IgE and eosinophil count) after 16 weeks. Results: We enrolled 543 patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Two patients (0.4%) discontinued treatment. The median (IQR) change from baseline to 16 weeks of treatment in the EASI score was –87.5 (22.0) (P<.001). The EASI-50, EASI-75, and EASI-90 response rates were 98.1%, 81.5%, and 50.8% after 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, 93.0% of the patients had achieved a 4-point or higher improvement in DLQI from baseline. During treatment with dupilumab, 12.2% of the patients developed conjunctivitis, and total IgE decreased significantly (P<.001). Interestingly, in the multivariate logistic regression model, the risk of developing dupilumab-related conjunctivitis was associated with early onset of AD (OR, 2.25; 95%CI, 1.07-4.70; P=.03) and presence of eosinophilia (OR, 1.91; 95%CI, 1.05-3.39; P=.03). Conclusion: This is the broadest real-life study in AD patients treated with dupilumab to date. We observed more significant improvements induced by dupilumab in adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD than those reported in clinical trials.
Frecuencia del aislamiento bacteriano y patrones de sensibilidad en yeguas criollas colombianas diagnosticadas con endometritis
Authors: Gallego Rodríguez Renso Sneider , Ruíz Jaramillo Andrés Felipe , Ruíz Buitrago Jhon Didier
Published: August 2020

Bacterial endometritis in mares is one of the main problems in equine reproduction. Due to inadequate diagnoses, antibiotic treatments generally fail, increasing the cases of infertility in females. The present study was carried out with 90 mares which presented signs of subfertility such as abortions, placental retention, repetition of jealousy, vulvar secretion, among others; They were diagnosed by clinical reproductive examination, ultrasound, microbiological culture using the uterine swab technique, and an antibiogram was performed in which the sensidisks of procaine Penicillin G, Gentamicin, Ceftiofur, Cefquinoma, Amikacin and Ampicillin were evaluated. According to the results obtained in the microbiological laboratory, it was found that E. coli was the bacterium that grew most frequently with 21.11 % (19/90), followed by Staphylococcus spp. 11.11 % (10/90). In the isolation of E. coli it was found that the bacteria showed a greater sensitivity to amikacin, followed by ceftiofur and cefquinoma; In turn, Staphylococcus spp was more sensitive against antibiotics such as ceftiofur and cefquinoma. The large negative spectrum bacterial agents presented high percentages of sensitivity with respect to antibiotics such as amikacin, ceftiofur, cefquinoma and gentamicin
Effect of Thermal Cycling on Abrasive Wear Response of Cu-1.9Be-0.25(Co+Ni) Alloy
Authors: Higuera-Cobos Oscar Fabián , Moreno-Téllez Carlos Mauricio , Pedraza-Yepes Cristian Antonio
Published: August 2020

Cu-Be alloys are considered high strength alloys when containing 0.2% to 2% of Be per weight, 0.2% to 2.7% of Co per weight, and up to 2.2% of Ni per weight, since they can present an elastic limit higher than 1380 MPa after aging (precipitation hardening), while, without heat treatment, they present an elastic limit between 205 MPa and 690 MPa [1]. Therefore, the complexity of the microstructure is a determining factor in the mechanical behavior of this type of alloys. In this work we analyzed the effect of microstructural variations obtained by cooling with water and with air from three different solubilization temperatures (750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C) during 1 h, with and without aging, on the abrasive wear behavior of the Cu-1.9Be-0.25(Co+Ni) alloy. The chemical and microstructural characterization was performed by Dispersive Energy X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), respectively. Abrasive wear behavior was evaluated under the guidelines of ASTM G65-16. Procedure E was used in this study, and the applied parameters were: force against the specimen (130 N), wheel revolutions (1000 rpm), linear abrasion (718 m) and test time (5 min). All tests were done in duplicate, showing a significant improvement in the abrasive wear behavior of the alloy, compared to the material in supply condition (T6). The lowest wear rates (<0.3 g/min) and volumetric loss (<200 mm3) were obtained with the specimens in solubilized condition with water cooling and without aging. The wear coefficients for the specimens with the highest resistance to abrasive wear are less than Ks=7x10-3.
La Pedagogía de la Alternancia, el camino recorrido y el futuro: entrevista con Pere Puig-Calvó
Authors: González-García Jordi , Silva Cicero da
Published: August 2020

Nacido en Barcelona, Cataluña, España, Pere Puig-Calvó es Doctor en Ciencias de la Educación. Profesor universitario de la Facultad de Educación, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, y Profesor visitante EFPEM de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Es Secretario General de la Asociación Internacional de Movimientos Familiares de Formación Rural (AIMFR), y Miembro de la Cátedra UNESCO París (Formación por alternancia y prácticas profesionales) dirigida por el Doctor Jean-Marie Barbier. Actúa como Editor Asociado Internacional de la Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo (Revista Brasileña de Educación Rural). Es investigador especialista en Formación por Alternancia y Educación Rural. Tiene diversas publicaciones sobre esta temática, como libros, capítulos y artículos (Puig-Calvó, 2003, 2006; Pineau & Puig-Calvó, 2019; Puig-Calvó & García-Marirrodriga, 2011, 2019; Puig-Calvó & González-García, 2018; García-Marirrodriga & Puig-Calvó, 2010, 2011, 2020). Por lo que, en esta entrevista tan amablemente concedida el 17 de junio de 2020, nos cuenta algunas líneas sobre su trayectoria formativa y profesional, su participación y contribución al movimiento de la Alternancia en todo el mundo, además de su visión o perspectiva de futuro sobre los desafíos y los retos del sistema pedagógico de la Alternancia de cara a las demandas educativas, sociales y económicas presentes en el mundo contemporáneo.
Conserved Sequence Features in the Spike Protein Provide Evidence Suggesting the Origin of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)-Related Viruses by Recombination between SARS virus and Another Sarbecovirus
Authors: Gupta Radhey S. , Khadka Bijendra
Published: August 2020

Both SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and SARS coronaviruses (CoVs) are members of the subgenus Sarbecovirus. To understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2, protein sequences from sarbecoviruses were analyzed to identify highly-specific molecular markers consisting of conserved inserts or deletions (termed CSIs) in the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that are specific for either particular clusters/lineages of these viruses or are commonly shared by specific lineages. Three novel CSIs in the N-terminal domain of the spike protein S1-subunit (S1-NTD) are uniquely shared by the SARS-CoV-2, BatCoV-RaTG13 and most pangolin CoVs, distinguishing this cluster of viruses (SARS-CoV-2r) from all others. In the same positions, where these CSIs are found, related CSIs are also present in two other sarbecoviruses (viz. CoVZXC21 and CoVZC45 forming CoVZC cluster), which form an out group of the SARS-CoV-2r cluster. These three CSIs are not found in the SARS-CoVs. However, both SARS and SARS-CoV-2r CoVs contain two large CSIs in the C-terminal domain of S1 (S1-CTD), which binds the human ACE-2 receptor, that are absent in the CoVZC cluster of CoVs. These results indicate that while the S1-NTD of the SARS-CoV-2r viruses possesses the sequence characteristics of the CoVZC cluster of CoVs, their S1-CTD resembles the SARS viruses. Thus, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2r viruses has likely originated from a recombination event between the S1-NTD of the CoVZC viruses and the S1-CTD of SARS viruses. This inference is also supported by the amino acid sequence similarity of the S1-NTD and S1-CTD from SARS-CoV-2 compared to the CoVZC and SARS CoVs. We also present evidence that one of the pangolin-CoV_MP789, whose receptor-binding domain is most similar to the SARS-CoV-2, is also derived by a recent recombination between the S1-NTD of the CoVZC CoVs and the S1-CTD of a SARS-CoV-2 related virus. Several other identified CSIs are specific for others clusters of sarbecoviruses including a clade consisting of bat SARS-CoVs (BM48-31/BGR/2008 and SARS_BtKY72). Structural mappings studies show that the identified CSIs are located within surface-exposed loops and form distinct patches on the surface of the spike protein. These surface loops/patches are predicted to interact with other host components and play important role in the biology/pathology of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Lastly, the CSIs specific for the SARS-CoV-2r clade provide novel means for development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for these viruses.