bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аналіз постачання міжнародної технічної допомоги Збройним Силам України
Authors: Hannenko Yury , Patsenko Stepan
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи: є проведення аналізу постачання міжнародної технічної допомоги Збройним Силам України.
Метод дослідження: основними методами досліджень є метод аналізу та порівняння, нормативний метод.
Практична цінність дослідження: проведений аналіз постачання міжнародної технічної допомоги Збройним Силам України свідчить, що міжнародна технічна допомога є ключовим елементом забезпечення національної безпеки та розвитку логістичних здібностей України. Ця стаття детально аналізує основні аспекти міжнародної технічної допомоги, що надається країні, зокрема її обсяг, напрями та вплив. Здобуті в ході дослідження знання визначають ефективність і проблеми постачання, а також надають рекомендації для її подальшого вдосконалення. Міжнародна технічна допомога суттєво покращує логістичні можливості Збройних Сил України, забезпечуючи їх високим стандартам та стійкість до сучасних загроз. У статті на основі аналізу постачання міжнародної технічної допомоги Збройним Силам України розкривається як позитивні, так і негативні виклики, що стоять перед цією системою.
Цінність дослідження: рекомендації, розроблені на основі аналізу, можуть сприяти оптимізації та покращенню системи забезпечення національної безпеки та відповідям на сучасні виклики. Сил України.
Майбутні дослідження: сформульовані напрямки подальших досліджень щодо удосконалення постачання міжнародної технічної допомоги Збройних.
Методика розрахунку наслідків при проривах (руйнування) гідротехнічних споруд критичної інфраструктури
Authors: Kotsyuruba Volodymir , Proshchyn Іhor
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи: удосконалити методику прогнозування наслідків надзвичайних ситуацій на гідротехнічних спорудах терористичного характеру.
Метод дослідження: основними методами досліджень є методи : аналізу та синтезу.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: Запропонована методика має суттєве значення для теорії цивільного захисту та може бути використана не лише для проведення розрахунків при прогнозуванні масштабів та обсягів негативного впливу наслідків зруйнування гідротехнічних споруд, а і  для проведення наступних наукових досліджень..
Практична цінність дослідження: дана методика дає можливість враховувати міграційні процеси населення та темпи розбудови урбанізованої місцевості при прогнозуванні параметрів надзвичайних ситуацій терористичного характеру на гідротехнічних спорудах.
Цінність дослідження: розроблена методика враховує зниження прохідності місцевості, неоднорідність щільності забудови урбанізованої місцевості та густини заселеності районів виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій в межах зон затоплень
Тип статті: практичний.
Узагальнена математична модель функціонування сектору безпеки і оборони в умовах невизначеності та ризиків, притаманних впливу гібридних засобів противника
Authors: Trotsko Maksym , Hudyma Viktor , Diadechko Andrii , Shylan Mykola
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи: розробити узагальнену математичну модель функціонування сектору безпеки і оборони України в умовах невизначеності та ризиків, притаманних впливу гібридних засобів противника, а також дослідити синергетичний ефект впливу взаємосумісності на спроможності сектору безпеки і оборони протидіяти стратегії застосування гібридної боротьби.
Метод дослідження: методи комплексного аналізу та синтезу, метод нелінійного математичного моделювання.
Результати дослідження: визначено, що існує взаємозв’язок між невизначеністю та ризиками гібридних загроз, а також доведене існування компенсуючого впливу з боку сектору безпеки та оборони держави на застосування противником заходів гібридного впливу.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: теоретичні положення, висновки та рекомендації, викладені в роботі, можуть стати основою для подальших наукових досліджень й дискусій з питань підвищення можливостей сектору безпеки та оборони України протидіяти гібридним засобам противника.
Практична цінність дослідження: реалізація  рекомендацій  і пропозицій,  обґрунтованих  у  роботі,  які спрямовані, на основі процесів військової стандартизації, на забезпечення взаємосумісності складових сектору безпеки і оборони України, а також міжнародних партнерів, дозволить протидіяти стратегії противника щодо застосування заходів гібридної боротьби.
Цінність дослідження: в даному дослідженні моделювання процесів функціонування сектору безпеки та оборони України в умовах невизначеності та ризиків, притаманних впливу гібридних засобів противника ще не були предметом комплексного наукового дослідження.
Принципи забезпечення енергетичної безпеки в системі національної безпеки держави
Authors: Havryliuk Ivan , Kliat Yurii , Solomitsky Оlexіі , Cherneha Tetiana , Bashynskyi Volodymyr , Zaiets Oleksandr
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи: визначення основних принципів забезпечення енергетичної безпеки держави та їх ключових аспектів.
Метод дослідження: метод аналізу проблем енергетичного сектору.
Практична цінність дослідження: запропоновані основні принципи забезпечення енергетичної безпеки держави та їх ключові аспекти можливо використовувати під час розроблення програмних документів щодо розвитку енергетичної сфери держави, визначення шляхів протистояння негативним зовнішнім та внутрішнім факторам, проведення досліджень енергетичної безпеки держави.
Тип статті: теоретична.
Застосування роботизованих систем в умовах збройної агресії росії проти України
Authors: Zaitsev Oleksandr , Prysiazhnyuk Mykola , Artyukh Serhii , Artyukh Serhii , Maksym Bondarenko
Published: January 2025

Мета роботи: розкриття особливостей застосування роботизованих систем в умовах збройної агресії росії проти України.
Метод: аналізу та синтезу.
Результати дослідження: сформовано завдання роботизованих систем на різних рівнях управління Збройними Силами України, що допомагає забезпечити комплексний підхід до ведення війни, де людський фактор поєднується з автоматизованими системами, підвищити ефективність і безпеку військових операцій, забезпечуючи різноманітні функції, які сприяють здійсненню розвідки, підтримці вогню, логістики та медичної допомоги.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: аналіз особливостей застосування РС в умовах збройної агресії рф проти України дозволяє сформувати основні їх завдання та призначення в бойових діях, а саме: розвідка, патрулювання, охорона, атаки та удари, логістика та демінінг.
Цінність дослідження: допомагають підвищити ефективність і безпеку військових операцій, забезпечують швидкість, точність і стійкість виконання завдань із метою покращення оборонної здатності, забезпечення безпеки військових оперативних дій та захисту національних інтересів, а також зменшують ризики для життя та здоров’я військовослужбовців.
Майбутні дослідження: у ході подальших досліджень доцільно проаналізувати сучасний стан розробок РС різними країнами світу, рівень впровадження новітніх форм, способів і методів управління РС, особливостей їх застосування у військовій сфері з метою розробки та впровадження методичних матеріалів у навчальний процес для організації якісної підготовки відповідних фахівців.
Тип статті: теоретична.
Strategi Guru Dalam Memelihara Hafalan Al-Qur’an Santri
Authors: Nurhasanah Siti Assyfa , Sumarna Elan , Romli Usup
Published: January 2025

This research emphasizes the existence of teacher strategies in maintaining the quality of students' memorization, especially in early childhood. Where strategies are implemented for early childhood are aimed at providing solutions to the obstacles that have been limiting them. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive research techniques, with the involvement and participatory role of the researcher at the research site. Data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. The research results indicate that TAUD SaQu Mutiara Al-Kautsar faces several obstacles in the learning process. TAUD SaQu Mutiara Al-Kautsar offers creative and adaptive strategies and approaches while considering the psychology of early childhood. This approach is very relevant in early childhood education, which requires enjoyable and effective learning methods. The strategies of teachers and institutions do not only focus on the quantity of memorization but also pay attention to the quality of memorization by balancing memorization, understanding, and character formation. Thus, it has the potential to produce a generation of young Qur’an memorizers who are not only memorizing but also possess Qur’anic morals, discipline, and skillfully apply Islamic values in their daily lives
Analisis Ruang Lingkup Pendekatan Sistem dalam Manajemen Pendidikan Islam dan Umum di Era Modern
Authors: Khasanah Arini , Huda Ahmad Nur , Saudagar Ammi Mubaraq , Romlah Romlah , Anwar Syaiful
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the scope of the systems approach in educational management, both in the context of Islamic education and general education in the modern era. The systems approach offers a comprehensive perspective that emphasizes the interactions and relationships between elements within an educational system, including curriculum, instruction, evaluation, resources, and leadership. In this study, a literature review or library research method was used to examine literature related to the application of the systems approach in education, which aims to understand the main characteristics, benefits, and challenges faced in its implementation. The results of the analysis show that the systems approach can improve the effectiveness of educational management through better integration between various components of education. In Islamic education, this approach further strengthens the application of spiritual values in educational management, while in general education, the systems approach plays an important role in supporting innovation and adaptation to social and technological changes. This study recommends that educational institutions adopt the systems approach by considering local and contextual aspects in order to achieve effective and relevant educational management in the modern era
POSSIBILITIES OF INCLUSIVE ASSESSMENT AND STIMULATION OF PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: ŠILONOVÁ VIERA , KLEIN VLADIMÍR
Published: January 2025

The issue of inclusive education is one of the most current and discussed theoretical and empirical topics. The scientific study focuses on the process of diagnosis and stimulation of preschool children's development, which is a key component of inclusive education in kindergartens. The aim of the research was to verify the effectiveness of the Depistage-Stimulation Programme for three- and four-year-old kindergarten children by means of input and output diagnostics. The results of the input and output orientation assessment of 3–4-year-old children were analysed, and then the effectiveness of a stimulation programme designed to train areas of deficit in sub-functions and symptoms was tested. Finally, the authors of the research formulated recommendations for educational theory and practice in inclusive approaches at the pre-school level of the school system. The research showed: Children scored statistically significantly better on the Output Depistage than on the Input Depistage assessment.
ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT AND REGIONAL APPARATUS ORGANIZATIONS IN KUTAI KARTANEGARA REGENCY BASED ON GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 18 OF 2016 ON REGIONAL APPARATUS
Authors: Insyori Nuzul Wahyu
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT. This study originates from the issue of a lack of in-depth and specific evaluation to assess the implementation of Government Regulation No. 18 of 2016, which has significant implications for organizational changes in regencies/cities across Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the management and organization of regional apparatus in Kutai Kartanegara Regency based on Government Regulation No. 18 of 2016 concerning Regional Apparatus, utilizing G.R. Terry's management theory. The research employs a qualitative study method with a descriptive analysis approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis. In this analysis, G.R. Terry's management theory serves as the foundation for understanding fundamental management concepts, such as planning, organizing, leading, directing, and controlling. The findings reveal that the implementation of Government Regulation No. 18 of 2016 has influenced various aspects of management and the organization of regional apparatus in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. Terry emphasizes the importance of sound planning, efficient organizational structures, strong leadership, clear direction, and strict control to achieve organizational objectives. By analyzing the management and organizational practices of regional apparatus through this theoretical lens, the study provides deeper insights into how management concepts can be applied within the context of local government administration. The conclusion of the study underscores the importance of applying effective management principles to improve the performance and efficiency of local government operations. Recommendations based on the findings include expanding training and development for regional apparatus staff, enhancing collaboration between work units, and improving performance control and evaluation systems.
Key words: Organization and Management: Regional Apparatus; Kutai Kartanegara; Government Number 18 of 2016; IPDN.
How informative is your XAI? Assessing the quality of explanations through information power
Authors: Matarese Marco , Rea Francesco , Rohlfing Katharina J. , Sciutti Alessandra
Published: January 2025

A growing consensus emphasizes the efficacy of user-centered and personalized approaches within the field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The proliferation of diverse explanation strategies in recent years promises to improve the interaction between humans and explainable agents. This poses the challenge of assessing the goodness and efficacy of the proposed explanation, which so far has primarily relied on indirect measures, such as the user's task performance. We introduce an assessment task designed to objectively and quantitatively measure the goodness of XAI systems, specifically in terms of their “information power.” This metric aims to evaluate the amount of information the system provides to non-expert users during the interaction. This work has a three-fold objective: to propose the Information Power assessment task, provide a comparison between our proposal and other XAI goodness measures with respect to eight characteristics, and provide detailed instructions to implement it based on researchers' needs.
Case Report: Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the left atrium
Authors: Luo Shuai , Tian Xiaoxue , Xu Ting , Wang Jinjing
Published: January 2025

Background

Metastatic tumours are the most common malignant tumours affecting the heart. Cardiac metastatic tumour progression is rapid, with no specific treatments available, and the prognosis is typically poor. Significant challenges remain in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac metastases.

Case demonstration

A 52-year-old female presented with a history of exertion palpitations lasting over 2 months, worsened by cough and expectoration for 3 days. Colour Doppler echocardiography revealed a hypoechoic mass in the left atrium, which was excised. Postoperative pathology confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the left atrium. Six months after surgical removal, the patient remained in good general condition.

Conclusion

Intracardiac metastasis is extremely rare and presents with non-specific clinical symptoms, often leading to oversight by clinicians. Early diagnosis relies on imaging studies, while definitive diagnosis requires pathological examination. Timely detection is crucial to improving patient prognosis.
Play, reflect, cultivate social and emotional learning: a pathway to pre-service teacher SEL through playful pedagogies
Authors: Darwich Lina , DeBay Dennis , Forbes Lisa , Mahfouz Julia
Published: January 2025

Playful pedagogies, rooted in experiential learning, integrate play, humor, spontaneity, and levity to create engaging educational experiences. Playful pedagogies have been shown to support adults' emotional resilience and sense of belonging while reducing stress and anxiety. Despite these benefits, their use in education preparation programs (EPPs) remains underexplored. Given the increasing focus on teacher social and emotional learning (SEL), playful pedagogies hold significant potential for equipping future educators with the skills needed to foster both their own and their students' SEL growth. This paper advocates for a shift in teacher education from predominantly lecture-based instruction to a model that incorporates joy, humor, and experiential learning. We propose integrating playful pedagogies with a reflective learning cycle to enhance SEL competencies among pre-service teachers. Specifically, we introduce a conceptual model that combines a four-level pyramid of playful learning with an iterative reflection process. By integrating playful pedagogy into EPPs, we aim to foster resilience, creativity, and collaboration among future teachers, empowering them to create inclusive learning environments that nurture their students' holistic development.
Central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: updates on diagnosis and management
Authors: Flynn Kathryn , Hatfield Jennifer , Brown Kevin , Vietor Nicole , Hoang Thanh
Published: January 2025

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare endocrine disease involving antidiuretic hormone (ADH), encompassing both central and nephrogenic causes. Inability to respond to or produce ADH leads to inability of the kidneys to reabsorb water, resulting in hypotonic polyuria and, if lack of hydration, hypernatremia. DI cannot be cured and is an unfamiliar disease process to many clinicians. This diagnosis must be distinguished from primary polydipsia and other causes of hypotonic polyuria. The main branchpoints in pathophysiology depend on the level of ADH pathology: the brain or the kidneys. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical as DI can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. The gold standard for diagnosis is a water deprivation test followed by desmopressin administration. There is promising research regarding a new surrogate marker of ADH called copeptin, which may simplify and improve the accuracy in diagnosing DI in the future. Patients with DI require adequate access to water, and there are nuances on treatment approaches depending on whether a patient is diagnosed with central or nephrogenic DI. This article describes a stepwise approach to recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of DI.
Hypercholesterolemia triggers innate immune imbalance and transforms brain infarcts after ischemic stroke
Authors: Tuz Ali Ata , Hoerenbaum Nils , Ulusoy Özgür , Ahmadi Adel , Gerlach Alana , Beer Alexander , Kraus Andreas , Hasenberg Anja , Hagemann Nina , Hermann Dirk M. , Gunzer Matthias , Singh Vikramjeet
Published: January 2025

Post-stroke early activation of neutrophils contributes to intensive neuroinflammation and worsens disease outcomes. Other pre-existing patient conditions can modify the extent of their activation during disease, especially hypercholesterolemia. However, whether and how increased circulating cholesterol amounts can change neutrophil activation responses very early after stroke has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) induced hypercholesterolemia on neutrophil activation and stroke outcome. Mice were fed with HFD or normal diet (ND) for six weeks and then induced stroke by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The activation receptors on immune cells and plasma levels of cytokines were analyzed using flow cytometry. The amount of plasma neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was measured using citH3-DNA complex ELISA. We found that HFD-induced cholesterolemia increased the number of circulating and splenic neutrophils in stroke mice but reduced bone marrow neutrophils compared to sham controls. After stroke neutrophils in HFD mice expressed higher levels of activation markers Ly6G and PSGL-1 (CD162) compared to ND mice. In addition, stroke led to an increased expression of the activation markers Ly6C and CD68 on monocyte/macrophages (MΦ) in HFD mice but not in ND mice. Compared to ND, HFD increased plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-23, and MCP-1 in stroke mice. Remarkably, HFD mice showed higher amounts of circulating NETs, brain-infiltrated neutrophils, and larger infarcts after stroke compared to ND mice. The existence of hypercholesterolemia with a stroke can trigger a stronger activation of neutrophils and MΦ, causing deteriorating disease outcomes.
Tregs levels and phenotype modifications during Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis course
Authors: Zucchi Elisabetta , Banchelli Federico , Simonini Cecilia , De Biasi Sara , Martinelli Ilaria , Gianferrari Giulia , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Cossarizza Andrea , D’Amico Roberto , Mandrioli Jessica
Published: January 2025

Introduction

T regulatory cells (Tregs) inversely correlate with disease progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and fast-progressing ALS patients have been reported to exhibit dysfunctional, as well as reduced, levels of Tregs. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal changes in Tregs among ALS patients, considering potential clinical and biological modifiers of their percentages and concentrations. Additionally, we explored whether measures of ALS progression, such as the decline over time in the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-r) or forced vital capacity (FVC) correlated Treg levels and whether Treg phenotype varied during the course of ALS.

Methods

Total Tregs (detected by CD3, CD4, FoxP3, CD25, and CD127) were quantified at five time points over 54 weeks in 21 patients in the placebo arm of the RAP-ALS trial; next they were characterized for the expression of surface markers including CD38, CD39, CXCR3, and PD1. Repeated measures mixed models were used to analyze the longitudinal course of Tregs, considering potential associations with other clinical and laboratory characteristics. Correlations between ALSFRS-r or FVC and Tregs over time were similarly investigated.

Results

Our study showed that Treg levels did not change significantly on average during the observation period in our ALS cohort. However, PD1+Tregs decreased and CD39+Tregs increased over time. Male sex and cholesterol levels were associated with increasing Tregs (%) over time, while monocytes positively affected Treg concentrations. Treg concentrations showed a modesty association with FVC decline but were not associated with ALSFRS-r decline.

Discussion

Treg levels remained stable during the ALS observation period and were not significantly associated with ALSFRS-r variations, suggesting that Treg numbers alone may have limited utility as a pharmaco-dynamic biomarker for ALS trials. However the observed changes in Treg phenotypes, such as the decrease in PD1+Tregs, indicate that phenotypic variations may warrant further investigation for their potential role in ALS progression and therapeutic targeting.
The immunological bases of alemtuzumab as induction-therapy in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Authors: Puthenparampil Marco , Gaggiola Marta , Rinaldi Francesca , Nosadini M. , Sartori S. , Perini Paola , Gallo Paolo
Published: January 2025

Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS) is characterized by both white and grey matter inflammation, as well as by a higher risk of long-term physical and cognitive disability. The peculiar immunopathogenic mechanisms of POMS suggests that the use of induction therapies, including alemtuzumab (ALTZ), might be a promising approach, at least for postpuberal (> 11 yo) POMS. Although no data on the use of induction therapies in POMS are available from clinical trials currently, case series or case reports on the effect of alemtuzumab (ALTZ) have been recently published. In this review we have briefly revised the immunopathogenic features of POMS, as well as on how ALTZ might impact on them, reporting its efficacy observed in different POMS cohorts.
Unfolded protein responses in T cell immunity
Authors: Zhang Wencan , Cao Xu
Published: January 2025

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are integral to T cell biology, influencing immune responses and associated diseases. This review explores the interplay between the UPR and T cell immunity, highlighting the role of these cellular processes in T cell activation, differentiation, and function. The UPR, mediated by IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, is crucial for maintaining ER homeostasis and supporting T cell survival under stress. However, the precise mechanisms by which ER stress and the UPR regulate T cell-mediated immunity remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPR may be a potential therapeutic target for diseases characterized by T cell dysfunction, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions between ER stress, the UPR, and T cell immunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies for T cell-associated diseases.
Drp1–associated genes implicated in sepsis survival
Authors: Pokharel Marissa D. , Feng Anlin , Liang Ying , Ma Wenli , Aggarwal Saurabh , Unwalla Hoshang , Black Stephen M. , Wang Ting
Published: January 2025

Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening medical syndrome that can lead to organ failure and death. Despite advances in medical treatment, current therapies are often inadequate, with high septic mortality rates. Therefore, there is a critical need for reliable prognostic markers to be used in clinical settings to improve the management and outcomes of patients with sepsis. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dynamics, including the processes of mitochondrial fission and fusion, are closely related to the severity of sepsis and the status of inflammation. By monitoring transcriptomic signals related to mitochondrial dynamics, new and reliable biomarkers can be engineered to more accurately predict sepsis survival risk. Such biomarkers would be invaluable in clinical settings, aiding healthcare providers in the early identification of high-risk patients and improving treatment strategies. To achieve this goal, we utilized the major mitochondrial fission regulatory protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, gene code DNM1L) and identified Drp1-associated genes that are enriched with sepsis survival genes. A 12-gene signature (GS) was established as a differentially expressed gene (DEG)-based GS. Next, we compared genes of proteins that interact with Drp1 to sepsis survival genes and identified 7 common genes, establishing a GS we term as protein-protein interaction (PPI)-based GS. To evaluate if these GSs can predict sepsis survival, we used publicly available human blood transcriptomic datasets from sepsis patients. We confirmed that both GSs can successfully predict sepsis survival in both discovery and validation cohorts with high sensitivity and specificity, with the PPI-based GS showing enhanced prognostic performance. Together, this study successfully engineers a new and validated blood-borne biomarker (PPI-based 7-gene GS) for sepsis survival risk prediction. This biomarker holds the potential for improving the early identification of high-risk sepsis patients and optimizing personalized treatment strategies to reduce sepsis mortality.
Oriented ice eddy detection network based on the Sentinel-1 dual-polarization data
Authors: Wu Jinqun , Zheng Yiqin , Wang Tingting , Ma Chunyong , Chen Ge
Published: January 2025

The complex convergence of cold and warm ocean currents in the Nordic Seas provides suitable conditions for the formation and development of eddies. In the Marginal Ice Zones (MIZs), ice eddies contribute to the accelerated melting of surface sea ice by facilitating vertical heat transfer, which influences the evolution of the marginal ice zone and plays an indirect role in regulating global climate. In this paper, we employed high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite imagery and proposed an oriented ice eddy detection network (OIEDNet) framework to conduct automated detection and spatiotemporal analysis of ice eddies in the Nordic Seas. Firstly, a high-quality RGB false-color imaging method was developed based on Sentinel-1 dual-polarization (HH+HV) Extra-Wide Swath (EW) mode products, effectively integrating denoising algorithms and image processing techniques. Secondly, an automatic ice eddy detection method based on oriented bounding boxes (OBB) was constructed to identify the ice eddy and output features such as horizontal scales, eddy centers and rotation angles. Finally, the characteristics of the detected ice eddies in the Nordic Seas during 2022-2023 were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed OIEDNet exhibits significant performance in ice eddy detection.
Depositional record of metal(loid)s since late quaternary in the Laizhou Bay, China
Authors: Liu Longlong , Gao Junfeng , Zhang Shengjiang , Lin Sen , Lu Dongdong , Zhang Jialin , Xie Xiang , Chen Bin , Qiu Jiandong
Published: January 2025

The contamination of marine ecosystems with metal(loid)s is an increasing environmental concern, largely driven by anthropogenic activities, and poses a significant risk to the health of ecosystems and human well-being. Geochemical background values represent the typical concentrations of trace elements observed in the natural environment. The utilization of disparate background values gives rise to disparate evaluation outcomes. The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration profiles of metal(loid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg) along a sediment core in order to obtain background values and assess the depositional processes and contamination levels in Laizhou Bay. With the exception of arsenic, the distribution patterns of the remaining metal(loid)s were similar and could be divided into four stages, which were primarily influenced by the mean grain size and sediment sources. The results of the analysis of multiple indicators indicated that there was no evidence of heavy metal enrichment or contamination in the core sediments. Furthermore, the data demonstrated that all metal(loid)s present were of natural origin. The historical changes in metal(loid)s in the core sediments were predominantly linked to the sedimentary environment, sediment sources, and mean grain size. The mean values of the metal(loid)s in the DU 4-2 unit, formed during the Early Holocene, may be regarded as reference values for background concentrations.
Direct and indirect effects of land use on microbiomes of trap-nesting solitary bee larvae and nests
Authors: Peters Birte , Leonhardt Sara Diana , Schloter Michael , Keller Alexander
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The global decline in biodiversity and insect populations highlights the urgent need to conserve ecosystem functions, such as plant pollination by solitary bees. Human activities, particularly agricultural intensification, pose significant threats to these essential services. Changes in land use alter resource and nest site availability, pesticide exposure and other factors impacting the richness, diversity, and health of solitary bee species. In this study, we investigated yet another facet currently less well investigated in such context: Microbial communities associated with wild bees play crucial roles in larval development, metabolism, immunity and overall bee health. However, the drivers and dynamics of healthy microbiome in solitary bees are still poorly understood, especially regarding the direct and indirect effects of land use on the diversity and composition of these microbial communities.

Methods

We examined bacterial communities in the offspring and nest materials of the Megachilid trap-nesting solitary bee, Osmia bicornis, along a gradient of land use intensification by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. Given that landscape composition, climatic conditions, and food resources are known to influence microbial compositions in solitary bee species, we hypothesized that land use changes would alter resources available for food and nest material collection and thereby affecting the microbiomes in offspring and their nest environments. We anticipated reduced microbial diversity and altered composition with increased land use intensification, which is known to decrease the number and diversity of resources, including the pool of floral and soil bacteria in the surrounding environment.

Results

As expected, we observed significant shifts in the bacterial composition and diversity of bees and their nests across varying degrees of land use intensity, differing in management types and the availability of flowers. The Shannon diversity of bacteria in nest materials (larval pollen provision, soil nest enclosure) and larval guts decreased with increasing land use intensity. However, the pupae microbiome remained unaffected, indicating a reorganization of the microbiome during metamorphosis, which is not significantly influenced by land use and available resources.

Discussion

Our findings provide new insights into the factors shaping environmental transmission and changes in solitary bee microbiomes. This understanding is crucial for comprehending the impacts of intensive land use on wild bee health and developing strategies to mitigate these effects.
Gut mycobiome and neuropsychiatric disorders: insights and therapeutic potential
Authors: Hadrich Ines , Turki Mariem , Chaari Imen , Abdelmoula Balkiss , Gargouri Rahma , Khemakhem Nahed , Elatoui Dhawia , Abid Fatma , Kammoun Sonda , Rekik Mona , Aloulou Samir , Sehli Mariem , Mrad Aymen Ben , Neji Sourour , Feiguin Fabian M. , Aloulou Jihene , Abdelmoula Nouha Bouayed , Sellami Hayet
Published: January 2025

Background

The human gut mycobiome, a minor but integral component of the gut microbiome, has emerged as a significant player in host homeostasis and disease development. While bacteria have traditionally been the focus of gut microbiome studies, recent evidence suggests that fungal communities (mycobiota) may also play a crucial role in modulating health, particularly in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Objective

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the relationship between the gut mycobiome and neuropsychiatric disorders, exploring the potential of targeting fungal communities as a novel therapeutic strategy.

Methods

We summarized recent findings from metagenomic analyses that characterize the diversity and composition of gut mycobiota and discuss how these communities interact with the host and other microorganisms via the gut-brain axis. Key methodologies for studying mycobiota, such as high-throughout sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, were also reviewed to highlight advances in the field.

Results

Emerging research links gut mycobiota dysbiosis to conditions such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, and depression. Studies indicate that specific fungal populations, such as Candida and Saccharomyces, may influence neuroinflammation, gut permeability and immune responses, thereby affecting mental health outcomes.

Conclusion

Understanding the gut mycobiome’s role in neuropsychiatric disorders opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions, including antifungal treatments, probiotics, and dietary modifications. Future research should integrate multi-omics approaches to unravel the complex interkingdom interactions within the gut ecosystem, paving the way for personalized medicine in mental health care.
Urine miRNA signature as potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Sreepada Abhijit , Khasanov Rasul , Elkrewi Enas Zoheer , de la Torre Carolina , Felcht Judith , Al Abdulqader Ahmad A. , Martel Richard , Hoyos-Celis Nicolás Andrés , Boettcher Michael , Wessel Lucas M. , Schäfer Karl-Herbert , Tapia-Laliena María Ángeles
Published: January 2025

Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is characterized by congenital absence of ganglion cells in the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to impaired defecation, constipation and intestinal obstruction. The current diagnosis of HSCR is based on Rectal Suction Biopsies (RSBs), which could be complex in newborns. Occasionally, there is a delay in diagnosis that can increase the risk of clinical complications. Consequently, there is room for new non-invasive diagnostic methods that are objective, more logistically feasible and also deliver a far earlier base for a potential surgical intervention. In recent years, microRNA (miRNA) has come into the focus as a relevant early marker that could provide more insights into the etiology and progression of diseases. Therefore, in the search of a non-invasive HSCR biomarker, we analyzed miRNA expression in urine samples of HSCR patients. Results from 5 HSCR patients using microarrays, revealed hsa-miR-378 h, hsa-miR-210-5p, hsa-miR-6876-3p, hsa-miR-634 and hsa-miR-6883-3p as the most upregulated miRNAs; while hsa-miR-4443, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-4732-5p, hsa-miR-3187-5p, and hsa-miR-371b-5p where the most downregulated miRNAs. Further search in miRNAwalk and miRDB databases showed that certainly most of these dysregulated miRNAs identified target HSCR associated genes, such as RET, GDNF, BDNF, EDN3, EDNRB, ERBB, NRG1, SOX10; and other genes implied in neuronal migration and neurogenesis. Finally, we could also validate some of these miRNA changes in HSCR urine by RT-qPCR. Altogether, our analyzed HSCR cohort presents a dysregulated miRNA expression presents that can be detected in urine. Our findings open the possibility of using specific urine miRNA signatures as non-invasive HSCR diagnosis method in the future.
The effect of acute branched-chain amino acids ingestion on rate of force development in different time intervals: a controlled crossover study
Authors: Zhang Xi-Nuan , Li Long-Ji , Tu Yan-Hao , Zhang Li-Feng , Shang Hua-Yu , Liu Meng , Li Ming-Da
Published: January 2025

Background

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are widely used as sports nutrition supplements. However, their impact on the rate of force development (RFD), an indicator of explosive muscle strength, has not yet been validated. This study aimed to assess the impact of BCAA supplementation on the RFD in college basketball players during simulated games.

Methods

This study employed a randomized, controlled crossover, double-blind design. Participants received either BCAAs (0.17 g/kg combined with 0.17 g/kg isocaloric glucose) or a placebo (0.34 g/kg isocaloric glucose) orally 30 min before beginning the exercise protocol. The RFD was quantified using the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test. Additional outcome measures, including strength and jump tests, agility and sprinting tests, and physiological responses, were also assessed. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed to evaluate the impact of supplements (BCAAs and placebo) on RFD and other related outcome measures.

Results

Analysis of the 50 ms RFD demonstrated significant main effects of BCAA supplementation (p = 0.003). The BCAAs group consistently exhibited higher levels of 50 ms RFD compared to the placebo group across rounds 1 to 4. For example, in round 1, the 50 ms RFD was 3702.3 ± 1223.2 N/S in the BCAAs group versus 2931.3 ± 888.8 N/S in the placebo group (p = 0.045). Although no significant between-group differences were observed for the 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms RFD measurements, the BCAAs group consistently showed superior values across all time points. The results of other outcome indicators also suggested that supplementation with BCAAs was indeed effective.

Conclusion

The results indicate that BCAA supplementation can enhance RFD in basketball players, particularly at the 50 ms RFD. Our research design provides reliable insights into the effects of BCAAs on athletic performance. Further studies of similar design with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm and extend these findings.

Clinical trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400091314 (https://www.chictr.org.cn).
Impact of IYCF practices, as measured by national nutrition surveys from 2018 to 2022, on stunting and under-5 survival in Burkina Faso: a LiST analysis
Authors: Kere Natacha , Compaore Ella W. R. , Keita Youssouf , Ouedraogo Daniel S. , Tirogo Souleymane , Bambara Estelle A. , Coulibaly Z. Thierry , Dicko Mamoudou H.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Burkina Faso is facing a serious public health problem of chronic malnutrition and mortality in children under the age of 5. To tackle this situation, a number of child nutrition interventions have been implemented. This study aims to assess the impact of these interventions on the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years between 2018 and 2022.

Methods

This study is a modeling of the impact of changes in the coverage of interventions with known effect sizes, using the LiST (Lives Saved Tool). The interventions used concern infant and young child feeding, the coverage of which was measured by the 2018 to 2022 editions of the NNS conducted in Burkina Faso using the SMART methodology. It covered the national level, the Center region and the Sahel region. Extracted intervention coverage levels were entered into LiST, according to six projections in two scenarios (scenario 1 and 2). The modeling results visualized in LiST were exported to Excel for formatting into tables and/or graphs.

Results

The measured changes in the levels of infant and young child feeding interventions included in this study led to a reduction in the number of cases of chronic malnutrition in children under 6 months of age in the second scenario projections. However, no cases of chronic malnutrition were prevented among children in the 6–59 month age group under any of the six projections. On the contrary, opportunities to save cases of chronic malnutrition have been missed. These missed opportunities amount to 64,880 in scenario 1 and 39,556 in scenario 2 at national level. Nevertheless, 920 lives were saved nationwide, 232 in the Center region and 202 in the Sahel region.

Conclusion

The study highlighted the need to strengthen the implementation of IYCF interventions, coupled with a significant improvement in the quality of NNS data collection, given the up and down nature of the indicators, which makes them difficult to use for decision-making.
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma with EWSR1-CREB1 gene fusion occurs in lungs and ribs with systemic multiple metastases: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Feng Dongmei , Li Ying , Li Zhengjin , Pan Yun , Gao Yixuan , Cha Jinyan , Zhang Chunmei
Published: January 2025

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumor with intermediate malignant potential, and it rarely metastasizes. We encountered a unique AFH case where, the tumor was discovered initially in unusual locations—the left lung and the left 4th rib. Combined histological features with FISH and NGS analysis, the diagnosis of AFH was supported, however, it is difficult to determine which of these two is the primary lesion. Eight months after the initial surgery, multiple systemic metastases were detected, eventually leading to the patient’s death 18 months later due to widespread metastasis. Our case signifies the first reported occurrence of systemic metastasis in either bone-originating or pulmonary-originating AFH, and it is the initial instance of mortality resulting from multifocal metastasis originating from an atypical site.
stormTB: a web-based simulator of a murine minimal-PBPK model for anti-tuberculosis treatments
Authors: Visintainer Roberto , Fochesato Anna , Boaretti Daniele , Giampiccolo Stefano , Watson Shayne , Levi Micha , Reali Federico , Marchetti Luca
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant threat to global health, with millions of new infections and approximately one million deaths annually. Various modeling efforts have emerged, offering tailored data-driven and physiologically-based solutions for novel and historical compounds. However, this diverse modeling panorama may lack consistency, limiting result comparability. Drug-specific models are often tied to commercial software and developed on various platforms and languages, potentially hindering access and complicating the comparison of different compounds.

Methods

This work introduces stormTB: SimulaTOr of a muRine Minimal-pbpk model for anti-TB drugs. It is a web-based interface for our minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) platform, designed to simulate custom treatment scenarios for tuberculosis in murine models. The app facilitates visual comparisons of pharmacokinetic profiles, aiding in assessing drug-dose combinations.

Results

The mPBPK model, supporting 11 anti-TB drugs, offers a unified perspective, overcoming the potential inconsistencies arising from diverse modeling efforts. The app, publicly accessible, provides a user-friendly environment for researchers to conduct what-if analyses and contribute to collective TB eradication efforts. The tool generates comprehensive visualizations of drug concentration profiles and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices for TB-relevant tissues, empowering researchers in the quest for more effective TB treatments. stormTB is freely available at the link: https://apps.cosbi.eu/stormTB.
Natural pigments: innovative extraction technologies and their potential application in health and food industries
Authors: Masyita Ayu , Hardinasinta Gemala , Astuti Ayun Dwi , Firdayani Firdayani , Mayasari Dian , Hori Aki , Nisha Ira Nur Ainun , Nainu Firzan , Kuraishi Takayuki
Published: January 2025

Natural pigments, or natural colorants, are frequently utilized in the food industry due to their diverse functional and nutritional attributes. Beyond their color properties, these pigments possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects, as well as benefits for eye health. This review aims to provide a timely overview of the potential of natural pigments in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries. Special emphasis is placed on emerging technologies for natural pigment extraction (thermal technologies, non-thermal technologies, and supercritical fluid extraction), their pharmacological effects, and their potential application in intelligent food packaging and as food colorants. Natural pigments show several pharmaceutical prospects. For example, delphinidin (30 µM) significantly inhibited the growth of three cancer cell lines (B16-F10, EO771, and RM1) by at least 90% after 48 h. Furthermore, as an antioxidant agent, fucoxanthin at the highest concentration (50 μg/mL) significantly increased the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide (p < 0.05). In the food industry, natural pigments have been used to improve the nutritional value of food without significantly altering the sensory experience. Moreover, the use of natural pH-sensitive pigments as food freshness indicators in intelligent food packaging is a cutting-edge technological advancement. This innovation could provide useful information to consumers, increase shelf life, and assist in evaluating the quality of packaged food by observing color variations over time. However, the use of natural pigments presents certain challenges, particularly regarding their stability and higher production costs compared to synthetic pigments. This situation underscores the need for further investigation into alternative pigment sources and improved stabilization methods. The instability of these natural pigments emphasizes their tendency to degrade and change color when exposed to various external conditions, including light, oxygen, temperature fluctuations, pH levels, and interactions with other substances in the food matrix.