bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Philosophical Perspective of the Poems of Maria Ajima: The Instance of Cycles
Authors:   Department of English Benue State University Makurdi, Igba-Luga Carmel A.
Published: March 2021

Philosophical writings and poetic rendition are both human endeavour that are universal in outlook as well as specific to indigenous societies. They are insightful discourses that contribute to learning, knowledge and sustained intellectual development of a society’s human resource. Philosophy and poetry exist in Africa’s complex of cultural mechanism and provide the foundation as well as the sustenance of Africa’s indigenous knowledge reservoir. African literature and its poetry specifically, portray perspectives of life from the experiences of the African writer who most times functions as the voice and intellectual conduit of his society. A Poetic vision of life is committed in a rendering that is philosophic and depicts shared experiences of the members of a society. Cycles by Maria Ajima is a collection of poems by a Nigerian writer. The poems provoke the reader to confront daily life issues by redressing them from the standpoint of logical reasoning, stark presentation and an existential position. The paper surmises that in this collection of poems the writer combines the aesthetic mode with a philosophic outlook that is essentially African to situate poetry as an indigenous enterprise that advances intellectual development.
The Need For Reconstruction of Family Domestic Duties Based On Equality Facing The Digital Technology Era
Authors:   Tarbiyah Faculty, Parepare State Islamic Institute, . Anwar
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes household problems amid the advances in digital technology civilization. The impact of digital technology covers broad aspects of human life, making it a necessity. Humans take advantage of digital technology facilities to meet their needs effectively and efficiently. However, technology brings negative aspects, such as changes in behavior, lifestyle changes, and communication patterns that characterize society’s social systems. Furthermore, there are shifts in relationships patterns between parents and their children, as well as from spiritual (fitrahwi) to patterned bonds with digital mechanisms. This problem needs to be solved by reconstructing domestic family duties based on equality norms. The orthodox-conventional approach restructures and modifies family management by considering religiousness, family psycho-social, and socio-culture based on moderation and humanistic justice promotion. Reconstruction is the rearrangement of the family management system by combining constructive old patterns with modern elements. As a result, the family acquire resistance to face the wave of technological civilization.
Hygienic conditions in Quick Service Restaurants during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Customers Perspectives
Authors:   Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Minia University, Egypt Human resources and Training manager, COSTA | Egypt - Jordan, Fouad Remon Samir
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 crisis has hit many QSRs hard. There are numerous problems which are faced by these restaurants due to the high competition in the market. Nowadays, there is an even major problem to be faced in the food industry, which is Coronavirus pandemic. It has a disastrous effect on the food industry. There have been dramatic declines in sales for many Quick Service Restaurants. Some of them have permanently closed their doors. The aim of this research is to examine the hygiene and health conditions in quick service restaurants (QSRs) from customers perspective during Covid-19 Pandemic with a specific focus on international chains in Egypt. Moreover, examining QSR’ customers information about COVID-19. In order to achieve this aim, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a convenience sample of QSR’s customers in order to illustrate to what extent QSR chains are maintain the proper hygienic and health conditions during pandemic. The results interestingly showed that QSRsgoers are moderately satisfied with the hygienic procedures that maintained in these chains. In this regard, it is recommended that QSR chains should struggle to increase the level of their customers satisfaction regarding this subject e.g., provision of disinfection materials, wearing and providing protective face masks, gloves, and disposable cutlery and paper cups.
Lingkungan Keluarga Sebagai Awal Pengembangan Kewirausahaan Islam
Authors: Santoso Fattah Setiawan
Published: March 2021

For Muslims, entrepreneurship is part of an endeavor process in the framework of worship in seeking the pleasure of Allah SWT to achieve good luck not only in worldly life but also for the hereafter. This paper intends to explore more about the role of the family in character development and interest in Islamic entrepreneurship in literature studies. entrepreneurship requires a distinctive character and motives required for its success. family can influence all that can be prepared for someone to do entrepreneurship. This first educational environment can also provide knowledge and skills appropriate to the field of entrepreneurship. It will be better if the parents also have it.
Manufacturing of E-Glass/Epoxy Composite LSU-03 Propeller Using Hand Lay-up Method
Authors: Dwi A Z , Syamsudin H
Published: March 2021

Hand lay-up method is frequently used by small companies. It is due to its flexibility and low-cost considerations. One of the qualities problems that normally arises is the product unevenness. This study was carried out to analyse this variation on manufacturing E-glass/epoxy plates specimen and propeller product. Void and fibre volume fraction of manufactured plates are measured based on ASTM-D2734. Propellers of LSU-03 aircraft were manufactured and analysed to find out the uniformity of the product in terms of its mass and size. To determine product compatibility with the design, the geometry and the thickness were measured at several points of propeller. In addition to this, a balancing process is carried out to find out the mass balance point.
Radar Cross Section Analysis of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) using FEKO Software
Authors: Sijabat J P , Indriyanto T
Published: March 2021

Radar technology development encourages each country to develop military aircraft with small Radar Cross Section (RCS) size to bring out stealth behaviour, so that it is not easily detected by the enemy. In designing an airplane, computational methods become one of the best solutions in simulating the behaviour of an aircraft geometry when illuminated by electromagnetic waves. On this study, a calculation simulation of the RCS value was performed using FEKO (FElding bei Körn mit beliebiger Oberfläche) EM Simulation software for unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAV). Simulations are carried out in various conditions to find out factors affecting RCS value. These factors were analysed by varying radar frequency, material coating the plane, and methods of computational calculation. The results show that the greater the frequency, the greater the computational resources required as on higher number of mesh, more time needed to run the simulation, and required memory. However, the frequency is not directly proportional to the RCS value of the object. Methods of Momentum (MoM) and Multilevel Fast Multipole Method (MLFMM) perform computation calculations that are more detailed and more accurate comparedto Physical Optic (PO) full-ray tracing
Fatores Predisponentes Para O Uso Precoce De Drogas Por Adolescentes
Authors: Canavez Márcia Figueira , Alves Alisson Rubson , Canavez Luciano Simões
Published: March 2021

Este estudo consiste numa revisão de literatura acerca do crescente, e cada vez mais precoce, consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas por adolescentes bem como dos fatores causais deste consumo. São objetivos deste identificar os principais aspectos levantados em publicações científicas relacionadas ao tema e realizar um levantamento bibliográfico dos principais fatores de risco para o uso precoce de drogas por adolescentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa, descritiva de caráter exploratório. A coleta de dados deu-se a partir dos sites de pesquisa ADOLEC, LILACS, SCIELO e literaturas clássicas. A análise ocorreu através das seguintes categorias: fatores de risco para uso de drogas e identificação com o grupo e história familiar. Conclui-se a importância acerca da identificação de fatores de risco que possam desencadear o envolvimento de adolescentes com o uso de drogas, considerando o contexto em que o mesmo  vive, e sobre a inserção de substâncias psicoativas como meio facilitador de vida.
Propriedades de cerâmicas dentárias consolidadas pela técnica gelcasting Properties of dental ceramics obtained by gelcasting method
Authors: Kimura Arthur , Dos Santos Claudinei , Ortega Fernando Dos Santos , Peçanha Rockfeller Maciel , Habibe Alexandre Fernandes , Rogero Sizue Ota
Published: March 2021

Gelcastng é uma nova técnica de consolidação de partes cerâmicas que tem sido empregada com muito sucesso na preparação de peças cerâmicas estruturais de geometrias extremamente complexas. Neste trabalho, cerâmicas biocompatíveis a base de óxido de alumínio Al2O3, óxido de zircônio ZrO2 e seus compósitos foram moldados por gelcasting, usando monômeros do sistema MAM-MBAM, com subsequente sinterização e caracterizações preliminares. Pós de alta pureza de ZrO2 tetragonal (3%Y2O3) e a–Al2O3 foram usados como matérias-primas. Misturas de pós contendo 80% em peso de alumina e 20% de zircônia foram obtidas por moagem/homogeneização. Em todos os casos, as suspensões obtidas apresentaram aproximadamente 55% vol. de carga sólida. Após consolidação em molde de borracha, os corpos cerâmicos foram desmoldados, secados e caracterizados por sua densidade relativa a verde. Os compactos foram sinterizados ao ar a 1575ºC, por 120 minutos, com taxas de aquecimento controladas para facilitar a remoção dos orgânicos responsáveis pela polimerização. As amostras sinterizadas foram caracterizadas por sua densidade relativa e analisadas por difração de raios –X, e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os valores de dureza e tenacidade à fratura foram determinados usando método de indentação Vickers.
Proposta de um Framework para aplicações web
Authors: Filho Francisco De Oliveira Dantas , Da Silva Hevanderson , Paula Angelo Márcio de
Published: March 2021

Aplicações envolvendo internet são denominadas aplicações web e requerem requisitos especiais de arquitetura de software para um correto desenvolvimento e funcionamento. Este trabalho tem como proposta apresentar as técnicas de software livre, formando uma arquitetura para construir aplicações web que funcionem na internet ou intranet. Todo framework foi desenvolvido na plataforma Java com o uso de Servlet, JSP e JavaBean. Ao final, o processo realizado apresentou alta produtividade, pois retirou do desenvolvedor a responsabilidade de programar o código de comunicação envolvendo o protocolo HTTP e as trocas de mensagens entre as camadas da aplicação. Desta forma, o programador se concentrará em programar somente a regra de negócio do sistema proposto.
Simulação numérica do Processo Ecap (Prensagem em Canais Equiangulares) utilizando o aço VMB 300
Authors: Baldissera Márcia Regina , Rios Paulo Rangel , Gouvêa Jaime Pereira , Lins Jefferson Fabrício Cardoso
Published: March 2021

O processo ECAP é uma técnica de deformação plástica severa, onde um tarugo é forçado a escoar numa matriz com dois canais de seções transversais idênticas formando um determinado ângulo entre si. Uma das vantagens deste processo é que o material deformado não sofre alteração dimensional, além de poder ser processado em temperatura ambiente. A deformação do tarugo ocorre numa estreita zona localizada na intersecção entre os dois canais da matriz, sob condições de cisalhamento. Foram analisadas as distribuições das tensões e deformações causadas no material durante o processo, por meio de simulação numérica utilizando o programa ANSYS (versão 8.1) adotando condições isotérmicas e estado plano de deformação. Os resultados mostraram que as deformações ocorreram por cisalhamento num ângulo de 45º próximo à intersecção dos canais. A parte inicial do tarugo não apresentou deformação, o que explica a necessidade de descartar esta região do material no término do processo.
Estudo da Logística Urbana no Municipio de Lorena – SP.
Authors: Carvalho Eriane Fialho de , Ribeiro Rosinei Batista , Silva Humberto Felipe da
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho buscou demonstrar a importância da integração dos estudos da city logistics nos núcleos urbanos, atuando como fator resultante na qualidade e produtividade dos processos operacionais de transporte de cargas, por meio do planejamento tático da mobilidade de materiais. A problemática de pesquisa caracterizou-se pelas condições atuais do panorama logístico do município de Lorena - SP, que possui como fatores a busca pela melhora do congestionamento do trânsito e a eficiência da mobilidade de materiais.
O Cultivo de Organismos Geneticamente Modificados e a Contaminação da Água
Authors: Santos Taís De Souza , Abreu Francisco Roberto Silva de
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as consequências negativas associadas ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, herbicidas e fertilizantes nos cultivos de organismos geneticamente modificados . Tais consequências estão relacionadas, principalmente, aos danos ambientais e à saúde humana (de trabalhadores, famílias rurais e consumidores,) cujos custos acabam sendo socializados. O presente estudo analisa, a partir de dados obtidos por meio de Pesquisa e Revisão Bibliográfica, a contaminação da água como consequência do uso indiscriminado desses produtos. Conclui-se que o artigo pode contribuir para a formulação de políticas no sentido de auxiliar o desenho dos instrumentos de regulação e fornecer subsídios para a tomada de decisão mais rápida e eficiente em relação ao cultivo de organismos geneticamente modificados.
Projeto de Para-sol com Embalagens Tetra Pak
Authors: Vasconcelos Daniela V. , Haenel Natalia G. , Lopes Patrícia , Silva Jaime Alex Marques da
Published: March 2021

A reutilização das embalagens tetra pak, como uma barreira física para conter a entrada da luz solar direta no interior de veículos, vem ao encontro de dois benefícios, o primeiro deles seria, como mais um meio de reciclar as embalagens tetra pak, ou melhor dizendo, aumentar o ciclo de vida do produto, antes de ser descartado. E o segundo benefício, seria bloquear a ação da radiação ultravioleta e infravermelho no interior dos veículos que acelera a desagregação de cor dos materiais, reduzindo a vida útil dos componentes internos. A título de curiosidade, estes componentes internos, que na maioria das vezes são de cor preta, aumenta a temperatura interna do veículo, quando exposto ao sol, chegando a 80°C, devido ao efeito estufa criado, pela reflexão dos raios infravermelhos do painel e tecidos dos bancos, refletindo no vidro, quando é impedido de sair, causando um desconforto térmico aos usuários. Sendo, portanto, uma solução de custo baixo e excelente benefício à aplicação do para-sol com embalagens de tetra pak.
A importância do recrutamento e seleção interna: Um estudo de caso em uma Instituição Financeira de Economia Mista
Authors: Melo Fernanda Augusta De Oliveira , Reis Patrícia Nunes Costa , Lima Hyder Marcelo Araújo , Ribeiro Edson Dos Santos , Silva Stifanie Paula da
Published: March 2021

A era do conhecimento, em que o capital humano e suas capacidades são vistos como fatores competitivos no mercado de trabalho globalizado, tem forçado as empresas a buscarem novas formas de gestão objetivando melhorar o desempenho, alcançar melhores resultados e atingir a missão institucional para o pleno atendimento aos anseios dos seus consumidores. Assim, esta pesquisa visa discutir a importância do processo de Recrutamento e Seleção Interna na Instituição Financeira Banco do Brasil (BB), mediante a utilização de estudo de caso como método de investigação, visando analisar os resultados organizacionais esperados por essas instituições. Com intuito alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de cunho descritivo e bibliográfico, visando analisar ou explicar um determinado problema à luz do referencial teórico existente. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a empresa usa, de forma correta, seu plano de carreira, dando a devida importância ao processo de recrutamento e seleção interna da instituição. Como hipótese, a fim de aprimorar o conhecimento dos gestores que atuam nesse processo de analise dos funcionários, a empresa poderia disponibilizar cursos específicos para seus gestores quando aprimorarão seus conhecimentos em planejar, recrutar e capacitar o indivíduo para adequá-lo no sistema organizacional da empresa.
Atuação do Departamento de Recursos Humanos no desempenho do setor financeiro - uma nova percepção
Authors: Melo Fernanda Augusta de Oliveira , Reis Patrícia Nunes Costa , Pereira Danielle Valente , Ferreira Karina Rodrigues
Published: March 2021

As profundas mudanças nos contextos financeiros, mercadológicos e tecnológicos têm resultado na necessidade de a área de Recursos Humanos (RH) reafirmar seu papel, implicando  nova ética no trabalho e demandando uma visão estratégica e global de gestão de negócio e de pessoas. Entrando nesse cenário corporativo, finanças e RH reforçaram-se em suas atuações complementares, passaram a ser estratégicas e inovadoras. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as novas perspectivas de atuação do departamento de RH com o setor financeiro. Metodologicamente, este artigo consiste basicamente na utilização de pesquisa exploratória, que se apoia em revisão, análises documentais e bibliográficas, buscando sistematizar o assunto desenvolvido por outros autores de forma a atingir os objetivos propostos. Pode-se concluir que pensar em RH na empresa moderna e do futuro, significa entender que obter excelência empresarial deve ser um trabalho realizado com e por meio das pessoas; significa realizar a gestão com a participação efetiva dos gestores de linha, da área de RH e dos empregados de nível técnico-operacional.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETRAMPILAN UMKM KULINER MELALUI PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI, BRANDING, DAN HALAL FOOD
Authors: Hermawan Sigit , Rochmaniah Ainur , Arizanda Rahayu Ruci
Published: March 2021

Tujuan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan UMKM kuliner melalui pelatihan akuntansi, branding, dan halal food. Metode pelaksanaan menggunakan sosialisasi, pelatihan atau workshop, dan pendampingan pada UMKM kuliner di Perum MCA Desa Boro Tanggulangin Sidoarjo. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa UMKM kuliner telah mendapatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan tentang akuntansi sederhana untuk UMKM, pemasaran atau branding, strategi bisnis, halal food, dan diversifikasi produk kuliner. Dampak pelatihan dan pendampingan adalah UMKM kuliner dapat mendesain sendiri media promosi untuk usahanya, dapat melakukan diversifikasi usaha, memahami makanan halal food, dan mulai melakukan pencatatan akuntansi yang sederhana
AS CONTRADIÇÕES DO PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL E NATURAL NA LUTA PELO TERRITÓRIO DOS APANHADORES DE FLORES SEMPRE-VIVAS / ontradictions between cultural and natural heritage in the sempre-vivas flower harvesters territorial struggle / Las contradicciones del patrimonio cultural y natural en la lucha por el territorio de los recogedores de flores siemprevivas
Authors: Cerqueira Maria Clara Salim
Published: March 2021

Os povos e comunidades dos apanhadores de flores sempre-vivas tiveram em seu território diversos conflitos nas últimas décadas devido à implantação de unidades de conservação de uso restrito que sobrepuseram parte de suas terras. As relações e negociações políticas sempre foram feitas com muita dificuldade, tendo o Estado por muito tempo negado a condição de sujeitos de direito desses povos. Entretanto, o cenário foi alterado após o início de um diálogo e reconhecimento de suas práticas agrícolas a nível internacional. A partir do trabalho de campo com algumas famílias da comunidade da Mata dos Crioulos, Diamantina/MG, temos como objetivo elaborar uma reflexão em diálogo com a concepção marxiana de política para elucidarmos as transformações das relações das comunidades tradicionais e as lutas pela emancipação política e humana. Como citar este artigo:CERQUEIRA, Maria Clara Salim. As contradições do patrimônio cultural e natural na luta pelo território dos apanhadores de flores sempre-vivas. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 56, p. 72-92, jan.-abr., 2021.
Acesso a recursos para inovação: um estudo no parque científico-tecnológico da Feevale
Authors: Soberón Karla Paola , Schmidt Serje , Bohnenberger Maria Cristina , Engelman Raquel
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar como o Techpark, parque científico-tecnológico da Universidade Feevale, disponibiliza os recursos humanos, físicos e financeiros para fomentar a inovação frente às empresas vinculadas a esse ambiente. A justificativa para a elaboração do presente artigo é o surgimento de ecossistemas empresariais com sua gestão baseada em estratégias colaborativas. Nesse contexto, se consolidam os parques Científico-Tecnológicos, com foco na geração de empreendimentos com visão inovadora. Por meio desses ambientes, recursos são disponibilizados pela intermediação de atores públicos e privados para promover a criação de novos negócios, trazendo desenvolvimento às regiões de seu entorno. O método de pesquisa foi o estudo de campo qualitativo, com dados coletados por meio de entrevistas junto aos diversos atores desse ecossistema. Constatou-se que o Techpark norteia sua gestão em práticas organizacionais baseadas na colaboração e essa prática facilita que empresas acessem os recursos necessários ao seu desenvolvimento, como competências técnico-científicas, de marketing, estratégicas, recursos financeiros, infraestrutura educacional e para pesquisa e desenvolvimento de seus produtos e serviços. Os gestores das empresas destacam a importância do networking que tem oportunizado a ampliação dos parceiros de negócios. Palavras-chave: Estratégia Colaborativa. Ambientes de inovação. Relações Interorganizacionais.
COVID- 19 and abnormalities of some biochemical tests: review
Authors: Shawqi Abdulbari Alaa , Al-Saadi Noor N. O.
Published: March 2021

Coronaviruses are a group of viruses proven to affect both respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in varied animal and human organisms. More than 100 million people worldwide are currently believed to have been infected and more than two million people have died and induced clinical syndrome of coronavirus disease in 2019.It's (COVID-19).

The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether multiple biochemical test derangements are a common feature in patients with reported COVID-19 infection, to determine the relationship between the deranged liver test and lipoprotein with COVID-19 outcome or severity, and to determine whether liver failure or dyslipidemia is a common feature of COVID-19.

This review was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases. English case-series and cross-sectional papers were considered, describing the currently offered findings on the relationship between certain biomedical tests and COVID-19 infections. To summarize, COVID-19 may have a severe tendency in older patients biochemical indexes (decrease albumin, decrease LDL-c, HDL-c, and TC, increased CRP, increased AST, increased LDH and CK) could be used as indicators to predict the severity of the disease.
Development of Blue Emitting Organic Phosphors of Diphenylquionial (DPQ) Group for OLED
Authors: Zade G. D.
Published: March 2021

A Series of blue emitting organic phosphors and its derivatives with different combinations were synthesized in an argon atmosphere at 1400C by Friedlander Condensation method and are tested chemically for its solubility in acidic and basic and emitting blue color under UV. The structural changes take place in DPQ an organic phosphor. The structural, optical and chemical properties of all the derivatives of diphlnylquioline (DPQ) were studied from various characterizations. It shows the stability of characterized organic polymers. The physical and chemical study shows more effectiveness with large applications to emit blue light for organic display system.
Seasonality in Bitcoin Market
Authors: Fraz Ahmad , Hassan Arshad , Chughtai Sumayya
Published: March 2021

Bitcoin is an online communication protocol, which facilitates electronic transactions. It has grabbed the attention of investors and researchers in the recent past. The non-regulatory feature of Bitcoin makes it riskier and the element of speculation in its trading is higher than any other financial asset. The study provides an insight into the price dynamics of Bitcoin by examining the day of the week and month of the year effect for the period 2013 to 2017. The findings of the study indicate the existence of seasonality in the return behaviour of Bitcoin as returns for Monday is higher than any other day of the week. Likewise, the returns earned during the month of November are significantly different from other months of the year. The results of the study assert a violation of the assumption of weak-form market efficiency and imply that the Bitcoin market provides an opportunity for the investors to exploit the market from its predictable behavior and fetch abnormal gains.
Income Convergence in Presence of Liberalization Measures, Governance and Technology Adoption
Authors: Zia, Uzma , Mahmood Zafar
Published: March 2021

The study focuses on the examination of income-convergence or inequalities amid Asian economies in the presence of trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, governance, and technology adoption. The existence of clubs in the sample of 14 selected Asian countries for a large panel data set covering the 1999-2015 period facilitated us to examine the club-convergence. Unconditional and conditional income-convergence is explored by adopting Blundell and Bond's estimating technique. Findings reveal that income-convergence is taking place among Asian developed countries and ASEAN countries. However, there is income-divergence in SAARC countries and Asian least developed countries. Nevertheless, it is concluded that despite Asian countries having different economic structures and policy measures; they are on the track of conditional convergence in their respective clubs.
Los Estados Unidos, el mundo latino y los procesos identitarios en El Salvador
Authors: Huezo Mixco Miguel
Published: March 2021

Este artículo intenta llamar la atención sobre las transformaciones que están protagonizando los latinos en Estados Unidos. Ese “mundo latino” es el espacio donde transcurre principalmente la vida de los migrantes salvadoreños. La primera parte destaca que la migración salvadoreña está incrustada de forma estructural en la economía y la vida social de El Salvador y de Estados Unidos. La segunda detalla, con base en estadísticas, la creciente incidencia de los hispanos —con un importante componente de inmigrantes salvadoreños— en Estados Unidos. Y la tercera, algunos rasgos de esa nueva cultura transnacional que está emergiendo en el territorio salvadoreño y que muchos consideran como “ajenos”, tales como la afición de jóvenes urbanos al hip-hop y al uso del grafiti.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 713-714, 2008: 209-225.
Inclusión política de la comunidad migrante salvadoreña
Authors: Peraza Xiomara
Published: March 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 713-714, 2008: 227-242.
Mayo del 68
Authors: Catalán José Ramón
Published: March 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 63, No. 715-716, 2008: 325-329.
Se juega como se vive. Las culturas del fútbol en Colombia
Authors: Rincón Omar
Published: March 2021

“¿En qué se parece el fútbol a Dios? ¿En la devoción que le tienen muchos creyentes y en la desconfianza que le tienen muchos intelectuales?” dicen que dijo Eduardo Galeano. Este libro es todo lo contrario, es un manifiesto por la creencia en que el fútbol es un campo cultural y político que dice mucho de nosotros, los colombianos, como sociedad, país y colectivo. Escribimos quince creyentes en la fe del fútbol, unos desde el testimonial, otros desde el ensayo, desde la imaginación académica, otros desde la investigación. Nuestra intención en estos textos es dar cuenta de la influencia que tiene el fútbol en la sociedad colombiana y, a su vez, cómo nuestra idiosincrasia afecta la manera de vivir y de jugar al fútbol. Bienvenidos a esta pasión del fútbol. El partido (el libro) no ha empezado. Estamos apenas en los actos protocolarios. Este libro, como todo partido, tendrá, esperamos, de todo: emoción, ritmo, aburrimiento, perdedera de tiempo, goles y antigoles.
Key Concepts in AI Safety: Interpretability in Machine Learning
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Rudner Tim , Toner Helen
Published: March 2021

This paper is the third installment in a series on “AI safety,” an area of machine learning research that aims to identify causes of unintended behavior in machine learning systems and develop tools to ensure these systems work safely and reliably. The first paper in the series, “Key Concepts in AI Safety: An Overview,” described three categories of AI safety issues: problems of robustness, assurance, and specification. This paper introduces interpretability as a means to enable assurance in modern machine learning systems.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTIMISM AND STRESS TOLERANCE AMONG FLOOD VICTIMS
Authors: Raj Asritha , Mathai Seena M.
Published: March 2021

Disasters like flood can result in creating phobia, depression, anxiety etc. in victims, the psychological distress may also affect their optimism, stress tolerance, resilience etc. and thereby their overall psychological wellbeing. Optimism enables an individual to set goals, make commitments, tolerate with adversity and pain and recover from trauma and stress (Schneider &Leitenberg, 1989).Stress tolerance refers to a person's ability to withstand stress without becoming seriously impaired (Carson, Butcher &Mineka, 1996). Objectives of the study: to find out whether there is any difference among flood victims on the basis of age on optimism and stress tolerance, whether there is any gender difference on optimism and stress tolerance among three groups (primary, secondary and both) of flood victims, whether there is any difference between the three groups of victims on optimism and stress tolerance, and also to explore the relationship between optimism and stress tolerance among flood victims. Method: (a).participants- the study was conducted on 115 flood victims, from Ernakulam district in Kerala; in the age range 18-50 years. (b).materials-Life Orientation Test – Revised (Scheier&Carver ,1994), Stress Tolerance Scale (Reshmy&Sanandaraj,1999). Results and conclusion: the results reveal that there is any difference among flood victims on the basis of age on optimism, gender difference among primary victims on optimism among primary victims who engaged in volunteering and/recue activities on stress tolerance and a significant positive correlation between optimism and stress tolerance among flood victims. It is implied that inculcating optimistic view at home and at school, providing optimism based training sessions at school from very early years of age can result in generations that will be able to tolerate stressful events in life, whether it is personal issues, manmade or natural disasters.
Specified dynamics scheme impacts on wave-mean ﬂow dynamics, convection, and tracer transport in CESM2 (WACCM6)
Authors: Davis Nicholas A. , Callaghan Patrick , Simpson Isla R. , Tilmes Simone
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Specified dynamics schemes are ubiquitous modeling tools for isolating the role of dynamics and transport on chemical weather and climate. They typically constrain the circulation of a chemistry-climate model to the circulation in a reanalysis product through linear relaxation. However, recent studies suggest that these schemes create a divergence in chemical climate and the meridional circulation between models and do not accurately reproduce trends in the circulation. In this study we perform a systematic assessment of the specified dynamics scheme in the Community Earth System Model version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (CESM2 (WACCM6)), which proactively nudges the circulation toward the reference meteorology. Specified dynamics experiments are performed over a wide range of nudging timescales and reference meteorology frequencies, with the model's circulation nudged to its own free-running output - a clean test of the specified dynamics scheme. Errors in the circulation scale robustly and inversely with meteorology frequency, and have little dependence on nudging timescale. However, the circulation strength and errors in tracers, tracer transport, and convective mass flux scale robustly and inversely with nudging timescale. A 12 to 24 hour nudging timescale at the highest possible reference meteorology frequency minimizes errors in tracers, clouds, and the circulation, even up to the practical limit of one reference meteorology update every timestep. The residual circulation and eddy mixing integrate tracer errors and accumulate them at the end of their characteristic transport pathways, leading to elevated error in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere and in the polar stratosphere. Even in the most ideal case, there are non-negligible errors in tracers introduced by the nudging scheme. Future development of more sophisticated nudging schemes may be necessary for further progress.
Topography and structural heterogeneities in surface ground deformation: a simulation test for Somma-Vesuvius volcano
Authors: Tammaro Umberto , Riccardi Umberto , Romano Vittorio , Meo Michele , Capuano Paolo
Published: March 2021

Abstract. We simulate the deformation of Somma-Vesuvius volcano due to some overpressure sources by means of a finite element 3D code. The main goal of these simulations is to investigate the influence of topography and structural heterogeneity on ground deformation. In our model the sources of deformation are embedded in an elastic linear isotropic medium and located at various depths. Geometry (shape and lateral extension) of the sources is mainly constrained by the results coming from recent seismic tomography studies. The structural heterogeneity has been modelled in terms of dynamic elastic parameters (Young's modulus) retrieved from previous seismic tomography and gravity studies. A high-resolution digital terrain model is used for the topography of the volcano subaerial edifice. Evidences from our results suggest that real topography and structural heterogeneities are key factors governing the ground deformation, which often turns being one of the most relevant problems in volcano monitoring. A large deviation from the axially symmetrical model of the displacement field is the main result of our modelling. Such an asymmetry is routinely unaccounted for when Mogi's simplistic modelling in a homogeneous medium with simplified topography is used. Our study clearly demonstrate that a better knowledge of deformation patterns can significantly help in the location of monitoring sensors as well as in the design of an efficient geodetic network.
Residual temperature bias effects in stratospheric species distributions from LIMS
Authors: Remsberg Ellis , Harvey V. Lynn , Krueger Arlin , Natarajan Murali
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) instrument
operated from 25 October 1978 through 28 May 1979. Its version 6 (V6)
profiles were processed and archived in 2002. We present several diagnostic
examples of the quality of the V6 stratospheric species distributions based
on their level 3 zonal Fourier coefficient products. In particular, we show
that there are small differences in the ascending (A) minus descending (D)
orbital temperature–pressure or T(p) profiles (their A−D values) that affect
(A−D) species values. Systematic A−D biases in T(p) can arise from small
radiance biases and/or from viewing anomalies along orbits. There can also
be (A−D) differences in T(p) due to not resolving and correcting for all of
the atmospheric temperature gradient along LIMS tangent view-paths. An error
in T(p) affects species retrievals through (1) the Planck blackbody
function in forward calculations of limb radiance that are part of the
iterative retrieval algorithm of LIMS, and (2) the registration of the
measured LIMS species radiance profiles in pressure altitude, mainly for the
lower stratosphere. There are clear A−D differences for ozone, H2O, and
HNO3 but not for NO2. Percentage differences are larger in the
lower stratosphere for ozone and H2O because those species are
optically thick. We evaluate V6 ozone profile biases in the upper
stratosphere with the aid of comparisons against a monthly climatology of
UV–ozone soundings from rocketsondes. We also provide results of time series
analyses of V6 ozone, H2O, and potential vorticity for the middle
stratosphere to show that their average (A+D) V6 level 3 products provide
a clear picture of the evolution of those tracers during Northern Hemisphere
winter. We recommend that researchers use the average V6 level 3 product for
their science studies of stratospheric ozone and H2O, while keeping in
mind that there are uncorrected nonlocal
thermodynamic equilibrium effects in daytime ozone in the lower
mesosphere and in daytime H2O in the uppermost stratosphere. We also
point out that the present-day Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband
Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment provides measurements and retrievals
of temperature and ozone that are nearly free of anomalous diurnal
variations and of effects from gradients at low and middle latitudes.
LUCAS Copernicus 2018: Earth-observation-relevant in situ data on land cover and use throughout the European Union
Authors: d'Andrimont Raphaël , Verhegghen Astrid , Meroni Michele , Lemoine Guido , Strobl Peter , Eiselt Beatrice , Yordanov Momchil , Martinez-Sanchez Laura , van der Velde Marijn
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS) is an evenly spaced in situ land cover and land use ground survey exercise that extends over the whole of the European Union. LUCAS was carried out in 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018. A new LUCAS module specifically tailored to Earth observation (EO) was introduced in 2018: the LUCAS Copernicus module. The module surveys the land cover extent up to 51 m in four cardinal directions around a point of observation, offering in situ data compatible with the spatial resolution of high-resolution sensors. However, the use of the Copernicus module being marginal, the goal of the paper is to facilitate its uptake by the EO community. First, the paper summarizes the LUCAS Copernicus protocol to collect homogeneous land cover on a surface area of up to 0.52 ha. Secondly, it proposes a methodology to create a ready-to-use dataset for Earth observation land cover and land use applications with high-resolution satellite imagery. As a result, a total of 63 364 LUCAS points distributed over 26 level-2 land cover classes were surveyed on the ground. Using homogeneous extent information in the four cardinal directions, a polygon was delineated for each of these points. Through geospatial analysis and by semantically linking the LUCAS core and Copernicus module land cover observations, 58 426 polygons are provided with level-3 land cover (66 specific classes including crop type) and land use (38 classes) information as inherited from the LUCAS core observation. The open-access dataset supplied with this paper (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12382667.v4 d'Andrimont, 2020) provides a unique opportunity to train and validate decametric sensor-based products such as those obtained from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellites. A follow-up of the LUCAS Copernicus module is already planned for 2022. In 2022, a simplified version of the LUCAS Copernicus module will be carried out on 150 000 LUCAS points for which in situ surveying is planned. This guarantees a continuity in the effort to find synergies between statistical in situ surveying and the need to collect in situ data relevant for Earth observation in the European Union.
Landsat-derived bathymetry of lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska
Authors: Simpson Claire E. , Arp Christopher D. , Sheng Yongwei , Carroll Mark L. , Jones Benjamin M. , Smith Laurence C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Pleistocene sand sea on the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of
northern Alaska is underlain by an ancient sand dune field, a geological
feature that affects regional lake characteristics. Many of these lakes,
which cover approximately 20 % of the Pleistocene sand sea, are relatively
deep (up to 25 m). In addition to the natural importance of ACP sand sea
lakes for water storage, energy balance, and ecological habitat, the need
for winter water for industrial development and exploration activities makes
lakes in this region a valuable resource. However, ACP sand sea lakes have
received little prior study. Here, we collect in situ bathymetric data to
test 12 model variants for predicting sand sea lake depth based on analysis
of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images. Lake depth gradients were
measured at 17 lakes in midsummer 2017 using a Humminbird 798ci HD SI Combo
automatic sonar system. The field-measured data points were compared to
red–green–blue (RGB) bands of a Landsat-8 OLI image acquired on 8 August
2016 to select and calibrate the most accurate spectral-depth model for each
study lake and map bathymetry. Exponential functions using a simple band
ratio (with bands selected based on lake turbidity and bed substrate)
yielded the most successful model variants. For each lake, the most accurate
model explained 81.8 % of the variation in depth, on average. Modeled lake
bathymetries were integrated with remotely sensed lake surface area to
quantify lake water storage volumes, which ranged from 1.056×10-3 to 57.416×10-3 km3. Due to variations in depth
maxima, substrate, and turbidity between lakes, a regional model is
currently infeasible, rendering necessary the acquisition of additional in
situ data with which to develop a regional model solution. Estimating lake
water volumes using remote sensing will facilitate better management of
expanding development activities and serve as a baseline by which to
evaluate future responses to ongoing and rapid climate change in the Arctic.
All sonar depth data and modeled lake bathymetry rasters can be freely
accessed at https://doi.org/10.18739/A2SN01440 (Simpson and Arp, 2018) and
https://doi.org/10.18739/A2HT2GC6G (Simpson, 2019), respectively.
CrocO_v1.0: a particle filter to assimilate snowpack observations in a spatialised framework
Authors: Cluzet Bertrand , Lafaysse Matthieu , Cosme Emmanuel , Albergel Clément , Meunier Louis-François , Dumont Marie
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Monitoring the evolution of snowpack properties in mountainous areas is crucial for avalanche hazard forecasting and water resources
management. In situ and remotely sensed observations provide precious information on the state of the snowpack but usually offer limited
spatio-temporal coverage of bulk or surface variables only. In particular, visible–near-infrared (Vis–NIR) reflectance observations can provide
information about the snowpack surface properties but are limited by terrain shading and clouds. Snowpack modelling enables the estimation of any
physical variable virtually anywhere, but it is affected by large errors and uncertainties. Data assimilation offers a way to combine both sources of
information and to propagate information from observed areas to non-observed areas. Here, we present CrocO (Crocus-Observations), an ensemble data
assimilation system able to ingest any snowpack observation (applied as a first step to the height of snow (HS) and Vis–NIR reflectances) in a
spatialised geometry. CrocO uses an ensemble of snowpack simulations to represent modelling uncertainties and a particle filter (PF) to reduce
them. The PF is prone to collapse when assimilating too many observations. Two variants of the PF were specifically implemented to ensure that
observational information is propagated in space while tackling this issue. The global algorithm ingests all available observations with an
iterative inflation of observation errors, while the klocal algorithm is a localised approach performing a selection of the observations to
assimilate based on background correlation patterns. Feasibility testing experiments are carried out in an identical twin experiment setup, with
synthetic observations of HS and Vis–NIR reflectances available in only one-sixth of the simulation domain. Results show that compared against
runs without assimilation, analyses exhibit an average improvement of the snow water equivalent continuous rank probability score (CRPS) of 60 %
when assimilating HS with a 40-member ensemble and an average 20 % CRPS improvement when assimilating reflectance with a 160-member
ensemble. Significant improvements are also obtained outside the observation domain. These promising results open a possibility for the assimilation of real
observations of reflectance or of any snowpack observations in a spatialised context.
B-flood 1.0: an open-source Saint-Venant model for flash flood
simulation using adaptive refinement
Authors: Kirstetter Geoffroy , Delestre Olivier , Lagrée Pierre-Yves , Popinet Stéphane , Josserand Christophe
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The French Riviera is very often threatened by flash floods. These hydro-meteorological events, which are fast and violent, have catastrophic consequences on life and properties. The development of forecasting tools may help to limit the impacts of these extreme events. Our purpose here is to demonstrate the possibility of using b-flood (a subset of the Basilisk library http://basilisk.fr/) which is a 2D tool based on the shallow water equations and adaptive mesh refinement. The code is first validated on analytical test cases describing different flow regimes. It is then applied on the Toce river valley physical model produced by ENEL-HYDRO in the framework of the CADAM project and on a flash flood case over the urbanized Toce produced during the IMPACT project. Finally, b-flood is applied on the flash flood of October 2015 on Cannes city in south-east France, which demonstrates the feasibility of using a software based on the shallow water equations and mesh refinement for flash flood simulation on small watersheds (less than 100 km2) and on predictive computational time scale.