bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dead body as an object of sensory perception in the space of the Andean civilization
Authors: Новосёлова Е.В.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме отношения к мертвому телу, которое бытовало среди носителей Андской цивилизации преимущественно в XV–XVII вв. Автор анализирует погребальные обычаи и сопутствующие представления, зафиксированные в письменных (в т.ч. архивных) и материальных источниках. Делается вывод, что в Андской цивилизации существовало представление о необходимости регулярного физического контакта с телами умерших, что наложило отпечаток на представления о мертвом теле. Но после того, как этот контакт стал затруднен или невозможен, соответствующие представления подверглись трансформации. В итоге на современном этапе андское отношение к мертвому телу приблизилось к христианскому.

The article is dedicated to the attitude to the dead body, which existed among the representatives of the Andean civilization mainly in the 15th – 17th centuries. The author analyzes funeral customs and representations recorded in written (including archival) and material sources. It is concluded that in the Andean civilization of the period under review, there was an idea of the need for regular physical contact between livings and dead bodies, which left an imprint on the idea of a dead body. But when this contact became very difficult or impossible, these representations underwent a transformation. Presently the Andean attitude to the dead body is closer to the Christian one.
A look at power and the city with and without spectacles: Descriptions of Paris and London in 1698
Authors: Стогова А.В.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению двух связанных между собой текстов – «Путешествия в Париж в 1698 году», составленного английским медиком и ученым, членом Лондонского королевского общества Мартином Листером на основе личных наблюдений в ходе поездки, и пародии на это сочинение, «Путешествия в Лондон в 1698 году» юриста, поэта и сатирика Уильяма Кинга. Анализ этих произведений показывает, как приложение к изучению города идеи ученого, на чьи наблюдения не должны влиять существующие авторитетные мнения, и который не должен обращать вни-мание лишь на то, что бросается в глаза, становится для Листера инструментом критики авторитарной власти Людовика XIV. С другой стороны, сатира Кинга демонст-рирует, что наблюдения, не соотнесенные с авторитетными мнениями, не позволяют отделить значимое от незначительного, что лишает создаваемый образ города его важнейшей характеристики – статуса столицы государства и центра власти. Он использует этот тезис как инструмент критики новой модели знания и науки, продвигаемой Лондонским королевским обществом. В обоих случаях независимость взгляда ученого-наблюдателя и стремление отказаться от признания авторитетов неизбежно коррелирует с непризнанием авторитета существующей политической власти.

This article examines two related texts – Journey to Paris in 1698 by Martin Lister, an English physician and scholar and member of the Royal Society of London, based on personal observations during his travels, and a satire on this work, Journey to London in 1698 by the lawyer, poet and satirist William King. An analysis of these writings shows how the application of the idea of the scholar, whose observations should not be influenced by existing authoritative opinions and who should not succumb to paying attention only to what catches his eye, towards the study of the city becomes for Lister an instrument for the criticism of the authoritarian power of the French king Louis XIV. King's satire, on the other hand, shows that observation without reference to authoritative opinion fails to distinguish the significant from the inconsequential, which deprives the city's image of its most important characteristic: its status as the capital and centre of power. He uses this thesis as an instrument to criticize the new model of knowledge and science promoted by the Royal Society of London. In both cases, the independence of the scholar-observer's view and the tendency to refuse recognition of authoritative judgments inevitably correlate with a failure to recognise the authority of existing political power.
Religious sources of the ideal model of imprisonment in social and legal discourse of the late xviii-early xix century
Authors: Васильева С.А.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена изучению религиозных истоков системы одиночного тюремного содержания нового типа, возникшей в Великобритании и США в конце XVIII – начале XIX в. Эпоха Просвещения привела к радикальным изменениям в системе уголовного правосудия. Этот период принято считать началом «эры карательной сдержанности»: постепенное законодательное ограничение санкций в виде смертной казни привело к качественным изменениям всей системы уголовных наказаний. Английские протестанты впервые предложили рассматривать наказание как средство перевоспитания осужденного в условиях одиночного заключения. Идеальной моделью реформатория стал образ «кита Ионы» как места и обстоятельства, когда грешник, преступивший закон, сможет установить невероятное соединение с Господом, покаяться и получить искупление. Исход такой теологии – надежда на то, что Бог позволит «вырваться из тюрьмы измененной личностью».

This article is devoted to the study of the religious origins of the modern prison system of solitary confinement, that was developed in the UK and the USA in the late XVIII – early XIX century. The period of the Enlightenment led to radical changes in the system of criminal justice. This period is considered to be “the era of punitive restraint”: gradual legislative restrictions put on such sanctions as death penalty led to qualitative changes in the entire system of criminal penalties as a whole. Religious principles of the Protestants expressed in the model of solitary confinement. The ideal model of the reformatory was the image of the “Jonah’s Whale” as a place and circumstance when the sinner (prisoner) was able to establish an incredible connection with God, to repent and atone for his crimes. The outcome of this theology was the hope that God would break out of prison “the reborn identity”.
Comprehension of the national experience of interaction with Hungarian political elites in Serbian liberal journalism (1861-1872)
Authors: Новосельцева Л.К.
Published: August 2021

Национальная самоорганизация сербов в Австрийской монархии с 1690 по 1867 гг. претерпела значительные изменения в ходе взаимодействия с венгерскими элитами (администрацией комитатов, католическим духовенством, депутатским корпусом Государственного собрания). На материале периодической печати, программных политических манифестов, источников личного происхождения и др. в статье показано, как затяжной сербо-мадьярский конфликт при вмешательстве в него австрийских властей сформировал «стратегию выживания в условиях полиэтничного государства и политическую культуру сербов, базировавшуюся на устойчивой антипатии к осуществляемой концепции развития в Венгерском королевстве единой политической нации. Также представлен новый взгляд на мобилизацию сербского сообщества в условиях принудительной интеграции, наиболее действенными средствами которой являлись популяризация травмирующего опыта взаимоотношений с титульным этносом и его стигматизация путем применения «языка вражды» в пропагандистской компании, развернутой сербскими либералами в 1866–1872 гг.

The Serbs’ national self-organisation in the Habsburg monarchy from 1690 to 1867 underwent significant changes in the course of interaction with the Hungarian elites (county administrations, the Catholic clergy, deputies of the Diet). Periodicals, political writings, ego-documents and other sources demonstrate how the Serbian–Magyar conflict against the background of the Austrian authorities’ interference into the inter-ethnic relations resulted in the making of a “survival strategy” in the composite monarchy and crystallisation of a specific political culture of the Serbs, based on a stable antipathy to the triumph of the concept of “natio Hungarica”. The article presents a new look at mobilisation of the Serbian community in the context of forced integration, the most effective means of which were the popularisation of traumatic experience of relationships with the titular nation and its stigmatisation by using the “hate speech” in the propaganda campaign launched by Serbian liberals in 1866–1872.
Empire and the power of knowledge: Modern approaches to studying botany in the 18th century
Authors: Шипицына Ю.С.
Published: August 2021

В статье представлен обзор современной историографии вопроса о взаимосвязи развития ботанического знания и имперских властных институтов в XVIII в. На основе различных теоретических подходов раскрывается содержание понятия «имперская ботаника». Особое внимание уделено теоретическому наследию французского социолога Бруно Латура.

The article presents a review of contemporary studies of the topic of the links between a botany and empire in the 18th century. The term of “the botany of empire” is defined in the context of various theoretical approaches. The special attention has been given to theoretical heritage of French sociologist Bruno Latour.
«Reform, reformation and replenishment of the Church»: Historical and analytical review of A.V. Kartashev's treatise
Authors: Воронцова И.В.
Published: August 2021

Предмет исследования – сочинение А.В. Карташева «Реформа, реформация и исполнение Церкви», его речь 1916 г. в Петербургском религиозно-философском обществе о «внешнем» и «внутреннем» развитии Русской Церкви в преддверии Февральской революции. ПРФО было попыткой вернуться к Петербургским религиозно-фило-софским собраниям (1901–1903), на которых религиозная интеллигенция выдвинула Церкви предложения по церковной реформе и начала религиозное движение. Его задачей была пропаганда нового религиозного сознания (НРС), воцерковление культуры как фактора обожения человека. Церковь призвали изменить отношение к «пло-ти» и слиться с общественной жизнью религиозно. Считается, что трактат направлен против церковной реформации. Реконструкция его содержания в доктринальной системе НРС показывает, что Карташев в 1916 г. верен своим взглядам начала века.

The subject of the research is the work of A.V. Kartashev «Reform, reformation and replenishment of the Church». This is Kartashev's speech at the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical society (1907–1917) about the «external» and «internal» development of the Russian Church on the eve of The February bourgeois-democratic revolution. PRFO was an attempt to return to the St. Petersburg religious and philosophical meetings (1901–1903), at which the religious intelligentsia in the context of the historical modernization of the country put forward proposals for Church reform to the Church and started a religious movement. Its task was to promote a new religious consciousness (NRC), and to establish culture as a factor of human deification. The Church was called to change its attitude to the «flesh» and merge with public life religiously. It is believed that in the treatise Kartashev opposed the Church reformation in Russia. Reconstruction of the content of the treatise in the doctrinal system of the NRC shows that Kartashev in 1916 was true to his views of the beginning of the century.
The Russian Marxists and the Ancient Near East
Authors: Крих С.Б.
Published: August 2021

Дореволюционный марксизм – забытая страница предыстории советского исторического нарратива. Советские историки почти полностью игнорировали таких авторов, как Г.В. Плеханов, Н.А. Рожков, А.А. Богданов в качестве предшественников своей науки. В статье сделана попытка исследовать взгляды указанных авторов на историю древнего Ближнего Востока и сформулировать ряд обобщений, касающихся их влияния на советское историописание. Русские марксисты использовали упрощение как приём для того, чтобы показать, что одни и те же принципы материалистического анализа действуют и на примере древнейших обществ Востока, что частично смягчалось как признанием вариативности исторического развития восточных обществ, так и наличествующей конкуренцией разных вариантов этого развития. Но это сочетание было утрачено при формировании советской исторической науки в начале 1930-х гг.

Marxism in pre-revolutionary Russia is one of the forgotten pages for prehistory of the Soviet historical narrative. Soviet historians speaking large about Lenin (either Marx and Engels) as a predecessor of the Soviet scholarship, but mostly ignored such authors like Georgii Plekhanov, Nikolai Rozhkov and Alexander Bogdanov. All named Russian Marxist has similar background in their historical education and in their handing of facts. All of them also used simplification as a technique to show how the same principles of materialistic analysis worked on the examples many of ancient societies of the East. This general simplification was partly smoothed out by both the recognition of the variability of the historical development of ancient societies and the mutual competition of different versions of their development. But this combination was lost during the genesis of Soviet historical scholarship in the early 1930s.
Adaptation of the best European practices in administering local health care institutions
Authors: Oleksich Zhanna , Polcyn Jan , Shtogrin Oleg
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to justify the mechanisms for improving the administration system of local health care facilities based on the best European experience. This study determined the state of health care facilities in Ukraine based on assessing the quality of medical services, rational resources usage, personnel management, and technical and technological improvement. Systematization of scientific sources and approaches to solving investigated issues showed methodological underdevelopment and methodological lack of administration systems of Ukrainian health care facilities at the local level, considering the specifics of medical services. Thus, healthcare institutions need to adapt, develop, and implement the best international practices in administrative technologies. For gaining the research goal, the study was carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) analyzing the current models of health care development processes in the world; 2) determining the features of administration system od the health care institutions; 3) developing recommendations for improving the administration system of local health care facilities in Ukraine. The methodological tool of this research is the systematization of information based on the content analysis of official websites. The research object is the administration system of health care facilities in Ukraine. In the study, the authors present several approaches to organize state administration of health care at the national and regional levels. The authors determined the effective tools for administering health care institutions. The study substantiated the strategic format of developing health care facilities in modern conditions by providing high-quality services, rational resources usage, personnel management, and technical and technological improvement.
Apollo 15 regolith breccia provides first natural evidence for olivine incongruent melting
Authors: Satta Niccolò , Miyahara Masaaki , Ozawa Shin , Marquardt Hauke , Nishijima Masahiko , Arai Tomoko , Ohtani Eiji
Published: August 2021

The Apollo 15 mission returned various samples of regolith breccias, typical lunar rocks lithified by impact events on the Moon’s surface. Here we report our observations on shock features recorded in a section of the Apollo Sample 15299. We observe the presence of ferropericlase crystals confined in a shock-melt pocket and conclude that their formation is related to a shock-induced incongruent melting of olivine. While predicted by experiments, this phenomenon has never been observed in a natural sample. The incongruent melting of olivine provides an important signature of melting under high-pressure conditions and allows for estimating the pressure-temperature (P-T) experienced by the studied sample during the impact event. We infer that the fracture porosity that likely characterized the studied sample prior to the shock event critically affected the P-T path during the shock compression and allowed the studied sample to be subjected to elevated temperature during relatively low shock pressures.
AOPs SÃO O FUTURO DA ECOTOXICOLOGIA?
Authors: Suares‑Rochaa Paula , Umbuzeiro Gisela
Published: August 2021

ARE AOPs THE FUTURE OF ECOTOXICOLOGY? AOPs (Adverse Outcome Pathways) were introduced in the field of ecotoxicology due to the need of replacement of the classic system for assessing adverse results (considering only the mortality of organisms exposed to certain substances or mixtures) to a predictive system based on the measurement of biological events occurring primarily at a molecular level and having clear biological relationships with potential adverse effects on more complex biological systems. AOPs are useful for organizing and integrating information related to the toxic potential of chemical substances alone or in mixtures, in exposed organisms, supporting the prediction and understanding of the effects induced by stressors and the development of action plans in order to reduce the exposure of organisms to acceptable levels. This tool is already gaining strength and being used worldwide by scientists, and in the future it may be the basis for the regulation of chemical substances and their mixtures. This article presents the basic principles related to the development and use of an AOP, in a simple and objective way, in addition to presenting practical example of this tool, which can be considered the future of ecotoxicology
Sound propagation above a finite impedance plane by applying the equivalent source method
Authors: Jing Wen-Qian , Ye Cong-Jin
Published: August 2021

This paper studies the problem of sound propagation above a finite impedance plane. For this purpose, a spherical wave based half-space transfer function with velocity is derived and then is applied in the equivalent source method (ESM) to consider the influence of reflections caused by the finite impedance plane. With the half-space transfer function matching the surface velocity to the equivalent sources, the ESM is applied to estimate the sound filed above a finite impedance plane. Through two numerical simulation experiments, in which two vibrating objects, e.g., an oscillating sphere and a simply supported plate, are respectively used, the proposed model is examined. The results validate that the proposed model is feasible and effective to estimate the sound field above a finite impedance plane.
A comprehensive review on nitrate and phosphate removal and recovery from aqueous solutions by adsorption
Authors: Gizaw Alemu , Zewge Feleke , Kumar Arun , Mekonnen Andualem , Tesfaye Melakuu
Published: August 2021

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal and recovery are considered as one of the interventions to control water bodies' eutrophication by application of various methods. Adsorption is an effective method for phosphate and nitrate removal from wastewater. It is efficient, quick, easy, low-cost and environmentally friendly. Even though different adsorbents have been developed with excellent properties, lack of compilation, lack of consistency in operational conditions, and lack of other important parameters used for direct comparison and practical use selection were observed. The first aim of this review is to provide facts and figures on novel adsorbents used for nitrate, phosphate, and simultaneous nitrate-phosphate removal and recovery. Second, various adsorbents applied for nitrate and phosphate removal have been compared in terms of the number of cycles that the adsorbent used; retained removal capacity (RR); the removal capacity of the adsorbent considering the threshold limit settled by EU and EPA as equilibrium concentration for phosphate (q0.1) and nitrate (q10); and time to reach the equilibrium capacity (t90). Third, based on the aforementioned criteria, the best adsorbents are proposed and this is the key novelty of this review work. Moreover, future aspects and challenges regarding nitrate and phosphate removal and recovery are presented.
NIR-based Sensing System for Non-invasive Detection of Hemoglobin for
Point-of-care Applications
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Yogesh , Dogra Ayush , Shaw Vikash , Kaushik Ajeet
Published: August 2021

Background:

Hemoglobin is an essential biomolecule for the transportation of oxygen,
therefore, its assessment is also important to be done frequently in numerous clinical practices. Traditional
invasive techniques have concomitant shortcomings, such as time delay, the onset of infections,
and discomfort, which necessitate a non-invasive hemoglobin estimation solution to get rid
of these constraints in health informatics. Currently, various techniques are underway in the allied
domain, and scanty products are also feasible in the market. However, due to the low satisfaction
rate, invasive solutions are still assumed as the gold standard. Recently introduced technologies effectively
evolved as optical spectroscopy and digital photographic concepts on different sensing
spots, e.g., fingertip, palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, and fingernail. Productive sensors
develop more than eight wavelengths to compute hemoglobin concentration and four wavelengths
to display only Hb-index (trending of hemoglobin) either in disposable adhesive or reusable cliptype
sensor’s configuration.

Objective:

This study aims at an optimistic optical spectroscopic technique to measure hemoglobin
concentration and conditional usability of non-invasive blood parameters’ diagnostics at point-ofcare.

Methods:

Two distinguishable light emitting sources (810 nm and 1300 nm) are utilized at isosbestic
points with a single photodetector (800-1700 nm). With this purpose, reusable finger probe assembly
is facilitated in transmittance mode based on the newly offered sliding mechanism to block
ambient light.

Results:

Investigation with proposed design presents correlation coefficients between reference hemoglobin
and every individual feature, a multivariate linear regression model for highly correlated
independent features. Moreover, principal component analytical model with multivariate linear regression
offers mean bias of 0.036 and -0.316 g/dL, precision of 0.878 and 0.838 and limits of
agreement from -1.685 to 1.758 g/dL and -1.790 to 1.474 g/dL for 18 and 21 principal components,
respectively.

Conclusion:

The encouraging readouts emphasize favorable precision; therefore, it is proposed
that the sensing system is amenable to assess hemoglobin in settings with limited resources and
strengthening future routes for the point of care applications.
Combination Therapy for Bacterial Pathogens: Naturally Derived Antimicrobial
Drugs Combined with Ulva lactuca Extract
Authors: Bamunuarachchi Nilushi Indika , Khan Fazlurrahman , Kim Young-Mog
Published: August 2021

Background:

With the growing incidence of microbial pathogenesis, several alternative
strategies have been developed. The number of treatments using naturally (e.g., plants, algae, fungi,
bacteria, and animals) derived compounds has increased. Importantly, marine-derived products have
become a promising and effective approach to combat the antibiotic resistance properties developed by
bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, augmenting the sub-inhibitory concentration of the naturally-derived
antimicrobial compounds (e.g., hydroxycinnamic acids, terpenes, marine-derived polysaccharides,
phenolic compounds) into the naturally derived extracts as a combination therapy to treat the bacterial
infection has not been well studied.

Objective:

The present study was aimed to prepare green algae Ulva lactuca extract and evaluate its
antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Also,
revitalize the antibacterial efficiency of the naturally-derived antimicrobial drugs and conventional
antibiotics by mixing their sub-MIC to the U. lactuca extracts.

Methods:

Extraction was done using a different organic solvent, and its antibacterial activity was tested
towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) of U. lactuca extracts has been determined towards pathogenic bacteria using the micro broth
dilution method. The viable cell counting method was used to determine the minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) assay was utilized to examine the
combinatorial impact of sub-MIC of two antibacterial drugs using the micro broth dilution method.
The chemical components of the extract were analyzed by GC-MS analysis.

Results:

Among all the extracts, n-hexane extract was found to show effective antibacterial activity
towards tested pathogens with the lowest MIC and MBC value. Furthermore, the n-hexane extracts
have also been used to enhance the efficacy of the naturally-derived (derived from plants and marine
organisms) compounds and conventional antibiotics at their sub-inhibitory concentrations. Most of the
tested antibiotics and natural drugs at their sub-MIC were found to exhibit synergistic and additive
antibacterial activity towards the tested bacterial pathogens.

Conclusions:

The combining of U. lactuca n-hexane extracts with natural drugs resulted in synergistic
and additive bactericidal effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. The
present study shows a new alternative strategy to revitalize the antimicrobial activity of naturally derived
compounds for treating human bacterial pathogens.
Physicochemical Properties of Torus Mandibularis and Palatinus Indicate a Source of Autogenous Bone Graft
Authors: Redor Martin Luis S. , Zhang Rui , Wongsirichat Natthamet , Srisatjaluk Ratchapin Laovanitch , Chaiyasamut Teeranut , Seriwatanachai Dutmanee
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

There has been extensive research on bone substitutes and autogenous bone; however, little is known about their physical and chemical characteristics of torus mandibularis and palatinus. In the present study, the physical and chemical properties of tori bone and bone graft substitutes were examined. Microbial contamination of torus bone collected during surgery was also investigated.

Objective:

To investigate the physical and chemical properties of torus mandibularis and torus palatinus, and the microbial contamination of tori bone collected during surgery.

Materials and Methods:

Torus mandibularis and palatinus were collected from healthy patients by regular surgical procedure via bone collector and a stringent aspiration protocol. Physicochemical properties such as surface structure, elemental components and the crystalline structure of tori and common bone grafting substitutes (OraGRAFT, BioOss, Cerabone) were examined via SEM-EDS, X-Ray Diffractometry analysis, and calcium dissolution assay. The bacterial morphology and gram staining from the torus samples after the surgery were analyzed.

Results:

The surface structure of tori bone differed greatly from that of bone graft substitutes. An irregular and rough surface structure was found for tori, while bone graft substitutes presented a smooth but dry pattern. Elements found within tori were similar to those within bone graft substitutes; in all cases, carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium were seen. All samples showed high crystallinity, with the highest value in Cerabone, followed by Bio-oss, torus mandibularis, torus palatinus, and Oragraft. Calcium dissolution was highest on the first day in tori samples, whereas it was constantly released until the seventh day in other bone grafts. The microbial contamination was found in all tori samples from the harvesting process, presumably due to saliva contamination.

Conclusion:

Tori bone was different from bone graft substitutes in terms of surface structure, crystallinity, and calcium release. However, tori bone and bone graft substitutes were similar in terms of elemental composition and crystal compounds, which may positively affect their clinical applications. Taken together, our findings suggest that with an effective decontamination, tori bone should be considered as a viable material for bone grafting, as it is not only practical but also cost-efficient for patients.
Therapy of Age-related Exudative Macular Degeneration with Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs: An Italian Real Life Study
Authors: Rossi Settimio , Gesualdo Carlo , Tartaglione Antonio , Scazzi Giovan Battista , D’Alessio Anna Cristina , Ragucci Adele , Melillo Paolo , Simonelli Francesca
Published: August 2021

Aim:

To evaluate the real utilization of ranibizumab and aflibercept in the daily management of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated at the Eye Clinic of Campania University L.Vanvitelli.

Background:

Therapy with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor represents the gold standard in wet age-related macular degeneration. There are nonreal life italian studies of this therapy in the literature.

Objective:

To analyze in our sample the post-therapy variations of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) observed at the end of a 12-month follow-up period.

Methods:

This real-life study analyzes 109 patients that underwent monthly checks for the first 4 months and then every 2 months until the end of the 12-month follow-up. The sample was first analyzed in its entirety, subsequently subdivided into 3 groups based on baseline BCVA, age, and the number of intravitreal injections performed, in order to identify possible predictive elements of the anti-VEGF response.

Results:

On average, patients underwent 4.16 ± 1.58 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in 1 year. At the end of the 12-month follow-up, the patients’ average BCVA increased from 33.01 letters to 33.75 letters (+0.74 ± 9,4 letters), while the average CRT decreased from 346.86 µm to 265.39 µm (-81.47 ± 121 µm).

Conclusion:

The study shows the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy in the stabilization of BCVA in nAMD, confirming the differences in visual outcomes compared to clinical trials, mainly for economic-organizational reasons.
Economic Impact of Osteoporosis Related Hip Fractures in Bahrain. A Systematic Review
Authors: Sadat-Ali Mir
Published: August 2021

Background:

Fragility fractures are common due to osteoporosis and there is very limited data on hip fractures from the Middle East in general and Kingdom of Bahrain in particular. The aim of this paper is to review the published data of femoral fractures in the Middle East and extrapolate the financial burden of osteoporosis related hip fractures in Bahrain and suggest some course of action for the region in controlling the fragility fractures.

Methods:

An extensive search was performed on published studies on hip fracture from 1990 to 2020 by a Medline, EMBASE the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Science Citation Index, Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Qatar Medical J, Oman with the key words: Osteoporosis, osteopenia, fragility hip fractures. The inclusion criterion was studies published during 1990-2020 describing the prevalence of osteoporosis and proximal hip fractures in patients with ≥50 years, from the Kingdom of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait, Sultanate of Oman, United Arab Emirates, State of Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Turkey and the State Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Based on the fractures per 1000, an average was taken and extrapolated for the Kingdom of Bahrain and direct and indirect costs were assessed.

Results:

A total of 19 studies were selected for analysis from 10 countries. The average prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis was 29.37±6.97% (Range 20.2 to 38.5). In these 10 countries, 252.411 million people live, with an average of 28.56% suffering from osteoporosis. A total of 72.088 million are at risk of having a fragility fracture. The prevalence of fragility fractures of the proximal femur in six countries means prevalence is 4.41/1000. With this average, it is extrapolated that femoral fractures due to osteoporosis costs Bahrain yearly a total of BD 5.31 million.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of Osteoporosis is going to increase in Bahrain as the population is aging. This will further increase the economic impact of taking care of elderly patients with osteoporosis and related fractures. Early intervention to diagnose and treat this aging population will reduce the cost and save lives.
Methadone Contrasted with Acetaminophen Codeine Plus Clonidine: An
Inpatient Pilot Study
Authors: Shafti Saeed Shoja
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

The mainstay of pharmacological management of opioid dependence is
opioid substitution treatment. Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist, which is used for detoxification
and maintenance of opioid-dependent people.

Objective:

Objective of the present evaluation included a comparison between methadone and acetaminophen
codeine plus clonidine for management of opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Methods:

All patients of an acute ward of a psychiatric hospital, who met dual diagnosis of primary
psychiatric disorder plus opioid use disorder, were selected as accessible sample for the current
evaluation. Duration of assessment was around eleven months and the study was performed according
to a single-blind plan. Among 96 patients, cases, who were using methadone, before their
recent admission in hospital, continued their substitution treatment according to the recommended
dosage and formulation till release (n = 42). The remaining group of patients, had been given acetaminophen
codeine plus clonidine, as substitution treatment, during their inpatient management (n
= 54). The primary outcome measures were the ‘Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure’ and the ‘Subjective
Opiate Withdrawal Scale’, which were scored at baseline, week 1 and week 2. The study was
performed according to the ‘per-protocol’ analysis, and the assessor was blind with respect to the
said protocols.

Results:

While the mean total score of primary outcome measures decreased significantly in both
groups, the between-group analysis did not show any significant difference between these two
groups in a head-to-head analysis.

Conclusion:

Acetaminophen codeine plus clonidine was as good as methadone for management of
opioid withdrawal symptoms in inpatient setting.
Recent Patents on Vision Technology-based Devices
Authors: Zhang Hongxin , Li Meng , Jiang Hanghang , Ma Shaowei
Published: August 2021

Background:

In VTBDs (Vision Technology-Based Devices), vision technology is
utilized to acquire abundant information about the external environment and process such
information to achieve certain functions. They are used in various fields to solve practical
problems. Various patents have been discussed in this article, hoping to provide ideas for solving
practical problems in the future.

Objective:

The study aimed to provide an overview of the existing VTBDs and introduce their
classifications, characteristics, as well as the stage and trend of development.

Methods:

This paper reviews various patents, especially Chinese patents related to VTBDs. The
structural characteristics, differentiation, and engineering applications of VTBDs are also
introduced.

Results:

The existing VTBDs are analyzed and compared, and their typical characteristics are
summarized. The main applications, as well as the pros and cons, in the current development
stage, are summarized and analyzed, as well. In addition, the development trend of VTBDsrelated
patents is also discussed.

Conclusion:

VTBDs can be categorized into DsBMV (Devices Based on Monocular Visual),
DsBBV (Devices Based on Binocular Visual), and DsBMCV (Devices Based on Multi-Camera
Visual). All of these categories exhibit their own relative advantages and disadvantages.
Therefore, it is of much importance to analyze the specific problems, followed by selecting
appropriate machine vision technologies and reasonable mechanical structures to design VTBDs
accordingly.
Utilization of Upgraded Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Recycled Concrete Fines in Cement Mortars
Authors: Soultana Athanasia , Galetakis Michael , Vasiliou Anthoula , Komnitsas Konstantinos , Vamvuka Despina
Published: August 2021

Waste concrete is the most predominant constituent material among construction and demolition waste. Current waste concrete recycling is limited to the use of recycled concrete aggregates as a road-base material and less as aggregates in new concrete mixes. Further, the production of recycled concrete aggregates results in the generation of a high amount of fines, consisting mainly of cement paste particles. Hence, this study aims to produce the cement mortars using the upgraded recycled concrete aggregates (sand granulometry) for the total replacement of natural aggregates and recycled concrete fines activated through a thermal treatment method as a partial cement substitution material. Cement mortar specimens were tested for their compressive and flexural strength, density and water absorption performance. The results showed that the combined usage of upgraded recycled concrete sand for total replacement of primary crushed sand and recycled concrete fines as partial cement replacement material is a promising option to produce cement mortars.
Effects of an Immersive Virtual Reality Exergame on University Students’ Anxiety, Depression, and Perceived Stress: Pilot Feasibility and Usability Study
Authors: Xu Wenge , Liang Hai-Ning , Baghaei Nilufar , Ma Xiaoyue , Yu Kangyou , Meng Xuanru , Wen Shaoyue
Published: August 2021

Background

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of students with depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. A solution that has been increasingly used for improving health and well-being is exergaming. The effects and acceptability of exergames have been studied widely but mostly with older adults. The feasibility and usability of exergames among university students, especially those of immersive virtual reality (iVR) exergames, remain unexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a 6-week iVR exergame–based intervention in reducing anxiety, depression, and perceived stress among university students and to examine the usability and acceptability of such games.

Methods

A total of 31 university students were recruited to participate in a 6-week study in which they needed to play a boxing-style iVR exergame called FitXR (FitXR Limited) twice per week (30 minutes per session). Their anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) levels were measured before and after intervention.

Results

A total of 15 participants completed the 6-week study. Our results suggested that participants’ mean depression scores decreased significantly from 8.33 (SD 5.98) to 5.40 (SD 5.14) after the intervention (P=.01). In addition, most participants (14/15, 93%) believed that the iVR exergame has good usability. Furthermore, most participants (14/15, 93%) were satisfied with the iVR gameplay experience and would play the iVR exergame again in the future. Of the 15 participants, 11 (73%) would recommend the iVR exergame to their friends.

Conclusions

The results gained from this study show that the iVR exergame has good usability, is highly acceptable, and has the potential to reduce depression levels among university students.
A Guided Internet-Based Problem-Solving Intervention Delivered Through Smartphones for Secondary School Pupils During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gonsalves Pattie P , Sharma Rhea , Hodgson Eleanor , Bhat Bhargav , Jambhale Abhijeet , Weiss Helen A , Fairburn Christopher G , Cavanagh Kate , Cuijpers Pim , Michelson Daniel , Patel Vikram
Published: August 2021

Background

“POD Adventures” is a gamified mental health intervention delivered via a smartphone app and supported by counsellors for a target population of secondary school students in India. This paper describes the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial of a remotely delivered version of the intervention in the context of COVID-19 restrictions.

Objective

Our objectives are to assess the feasibility of research procedures and intervention delivery and to generate preliminary estimates of the effectiveness of the intervention to inform the sample size calculation of a full-scale trial.

Methods

We will conduct a parallel, 2-arm, individually randomized pilot controlled trial in 11 secondary schools in Goa, India. This pilot trial aims to recruit 70 participants with a felt need for psychological support. Participants will receive either the POD Adventures intervention delivered over 4 weeks or usual care comprising information about local mental health services and national helplines. Outcomes will be assessed at two timepoints: baseline and 6 weeks post randomization.

Results

The first participant was enrolled on January 28, 2021, and 6-week assessment completed on April 4, 2021. Owing to a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, schools in Goa were closed on April 22, 2021. Trial participants are currently receiving the intervention or completing follow-up assessments.

Conclusions

This pilot trial will help understand the feasibility of implementing and evaluating a remotely delivered digital mental health intervention in a low-resource setting. Our findings will be used to design future trials that can address difficulties of accessing psychosocial support in-person and support wider efforts to scale up evidence-based mental health interventions for young people.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04672486; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04672486

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/30339
Vulnerabilidad urbana desapercibida e incertidumbre de los métodos estadísticos de identificación
Authors:   Universidad de Valladolid, García-Araque Jesús , García Cuesta José Luis ,   Universidad de Valladolid
Published: August 2021

Los métodos estadísticos utilizados habitualmente en España para detectar vulnerabilidad urbana propician que algunos espacios vulnerables pasen desapercibidos. Quienes intervienen en los territorios para garantizar igualdad entre la población se guían por estas acotaciones, por lo que precisan de un método certero. Con el propósito de visibilizar esta falta de fiabilidad se exponen contrariedades que pueden provocarla y se analiza la estimada de mayor trascendencia, que es la discrecionalidad de las metodologías identificatorias, por recurrir distintos autores a métodos e indicadores diferentes y obtener resultados desiguales. Tomando la ciudad de Valladolid como banco de pruebas se han aplicado seis procedimientos relevantes y replicables de identificación, que arrojan resultados dispares. Ante esta falta de fiabilidad se cuestiona la pertinencia de em-plear únicamente métodos estadísticos para detectar vulnerabilidad urbana y se reflexiona sobre métodos alternativos.
Road Traffic Analysis Using Computer Vision
Authors: Gaonkar Needhi U.
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Traffic analysis plays an important role in a transportation system for traffic management. Traffic analysis system using computer vision project paper proposes the video based data for vehicle detection and counting systems based on the computer vision. In most Transportation Systems cameras are installed in fixed locations. Vehicle detection is the most important requirement in traffic analysis part. Vehicle detection, tracking, classification and counting is very useful for people and government for traffic flow, highway monitoring, traffic planning. Vehicle analysis will supply with information about traffic flow, traffic summit times on road. The motivation of visual object detection is to track the vehicle position and then tracking in successive frames is to detect and connect target vehicles for frames. Recognising vehicles in an ongoing video is useful for traffic analysis. Recognizing what kind of vehicle in an ongoing video is helpful for traffic analysing. this system can classify the vehicle into bicycle, bus, truck, car and motorcycle. In this system I have used a video-based vehicle counting method in a highway traffic video capture using cctv camera. Project presents the analysis of tracking-by-detection approach which includes detection by YOLO(You Only Look Once) and tracking by SORT(simple online and realtime tracking) algorithm. Keywords: Vehicle detection, Vehicle tracking, Vehicle counting, YOLO, SORT, Analysis, Kalman filter, Hungarian algorithm.
Finite Element Analysis of I-Girder Bridge
Authors: Nadeem Mohd
Published: August 2021

Abstract: In India railway bridge structures are widely designed with the method suggested by IRS – Concrete bridge code 1997.This Code of Practice applies to the use of plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete in railway bridge construction. It covers both in-situ construction and manufacture of precast units. The Code gives detailed specifications for materials and workmanship for concrete, reinforcement and prestressing tendons used in the construction of railway bridges. After defining the loads, forces and their combinations and requirements for the limit state design, particular recommendations are given for plain concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete bridge construction. The design of I-Girder bridge superstructure (deck slab and PSC I-beam) are done by calculating bending moments, shear forces, bending resistance in transverse direction, bending resistance in longitudinal direction, checking flexural cracking. The Design of PSC I-Girders is done for Bending moments and Shear forces by Dead Load, Super Imposed Dead Load (SIDL) and Live Loads (LL). The Shrinkage strain, Creep Strain and effect of Temperature rise and fall are also determined. The design is complete for Pre-stressing cables, un-tensioned reinforcements, End cross girder, Shear connectors. I-girder superstructures are the most commonly used superstructures at cross-over location in metro bridges in india, as it has the wide deck slab and it easily permits metro’s to change tracks. I-Girder superstructure construction is component wise construction unlike U-Girders. I-Girders are constructed in casting yard and its deck slab is cast in situ, parapets are also installed on later stage. Keywords: SIDL effects, Live Load effects, Derailment effect, with or without 15% future PT margin
Produksi Ujaran Siswa Autis
Authors: Albab Suhfi
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi ujaran pada siswa autis di SMA Lazuardi GIS Depok. Penelitian ini berpendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi langsung mengamati aktivitas produksi ujaran siswa autis di lapangan. Selain itu, dilakukan wawancara kepada guru, teman, dan keluarga siswa autis untuk melengkapi data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa, ujaran yang dihasilkan siswa autis sudah memenuhi syarat untuk menjadi sebuah kalimat dengan terdiri atas subjek dan predikat. Selain itu, ditemukan ujaran yang tidak memiliki unsur predikat sebagai bentuk kalimat tak lengkap. Dari 59 ujaran yang berhasil dihimpun, paling banyak ditemukan adalah ujaran direktif, sebanyak 32 ujaran. Sementara ujaran representatif sebanyak 20 ujaran, dan ujaran komisif sebanyak 7 ujaran. Selain itu tidak ditemukan ujaran yang berbentuk ekspresif dan deklaratif. Secara keseluruhan, ujaran yang dihasilkan siswa autis dengan usia 18 tahun telah menjadi sebuah ujaran yang komunikatif, di mana pesan yang terkandung bisa dipahami oleh lawan bicara walaupun dengan kalimat yang tak utuh.