bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Extraction of Alpinia oxyphylla Essence Oil in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ju Hen‐Yi , Huang Kuo‐Chuan , Chen Jiann‐Hwa , Liu Yung‐Chuan , Chang Chieh‐Ming J. , Lee Chih‐Chen , Chang Cheng , Shieh Chwen‐Jen
Published: May 2010

The essence oil of the Alpinia oxyphylla seed has been used as a vasodilatatory and analgesic agent in pharmacology. The extraction of the essence oil in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) from Alpinia oxyphylla seeds was investigated. Small particles were obtained after breaking open, sieving, and drying from the Alpinia oxyphylla seeds. The small particles were placed in a 5‐L extraction tank in a temperature‐controlled system. The CO2 flow rate of the system was set at 1 L/min in this study. Response surface methodology with a three‐factor and three‐level Box‐Behnken experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of the reaction parameters such as extraction time (1, 2, 3 h), temperature (45, 55, 65 °C), and pressure (20, 30, 40 MPa), on the extraction yield of the essence oil from Alpinia oxyphylla seeds. The results indicate that the extraction pressure was the most important parameter affecting the yield of the essence oil. A model for the estimation of the yield was developed. Based on the analysis of ridge max, the optimal extraction conditions were established as an extraction time of 2.8 h, a temperature of 67.5 °C, and a pressure of 28.5 MPa, with an expected yield of 2.78%. Extraction of Alpinia oxyphylla essence oil in SC‐CO2 under these optimal conditions was conducted, and a yield of 2.77 ± 0.19% was obtained.
Spanish Validation Of the Brief Assessment in Cognition in Schizophrenia (Bacs) in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls
Authors: Segarra N. , Bernardo M. , Gutierrez F. , Justicia A. , Fernadez-Egea E. , Allas M. , Safont G. , Contreras F. , Gascon J. , Soler-Insa P.A. , Menchon J.M. , Junque C. , Keefe R.S.E.
Published: May 2010

Neurocognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and is closely associated with functional outcome. The importance of cognitive assessment is broadly accepted today, and an easy-to-use, internationality validated cognitive assessment tool is needed by researchers and in daily clinical practice. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) has been validated in English, French, Japanese and Italian. It is as sensitive to cognitive dysfunction as a standard test battery, with the advantage of requiring less than 35 minutes to complete. In our study, we tested the psychometric characteristics of a Spanish version of the BACS in 117 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and 36 healthy controls. All BACS cognitive subtests discriminated between patients and controls (P< .001), and the concurrent validity between the BACS and a traditional neuropsychological test battery was similar to that reported in other languages. We conclude that the BACS can facilitate the comparison of the cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia in many different countries.
Bullying Behaviour And Substance Abuse Among Underage Psychiatric Inpatient Adolescents
Authors: Luukkonen A.-H. , Riala K. , Hakko H. , Räsänen P. ,   Study-70 workgroup
Published: May 2010

Background and objective

Only a few studies have examined the putative association between substance use and bullying others, and to our knowledge none of the previous studies have investigated substance abuse among victims or those who are both bullies and victims. The aim of our study was to investigate substance use among all of these three bullying subgroups and to examine the putative association between substance use and bullying behaviour.

Methods

The study sample consisted of 508 Finnish adolescents (age 12–17) admitted to psychiatric inpatient care between April 2001 and March 2006. We used the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) to obtain DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses, information about bullying behaviour and substance abuse of the adolescents. The level of nicotine dependence (ND) was assessed by using the modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ).

Results

Our study showed that both among boys and girls, regular daily smoking and alcohol use among boys were statistically significantly associated with bullying behaviour. Further, among girls, but not among boys, there was also an association between bullying behaviour and more severe substance use, such as ND, use of cannabis and hard drugs.

Conclusion

Since an association between bullying and severe substance use was found in this study, our novel finding needs replication in adolescent general population samples.
The pathophysiology of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women
Authors: Clayton Anita H.
Published: May 2010

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is defined as a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty. The dysfunction cannot be better accounted for by another psychiatric disorder (except another sexual dysfunction) and must not be due exclusively to the physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. HSDD occurs in approximately 1 in 10 adult women in the USA and its prevalence appears to be similar in Europe. A number of potential causative and contributory factors to low sexual desire have been identified, reflecting the interplay among hormonal, neurobiological, and psychosocial factors. One theory is that sexual desire is controlled in the brain by a balance between inhibitory and excitatory factors. In general, dopamine, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone play an excitatory role in sexual desire, whereas serotonin, prolactin, and opioids play an inhibitory role. It is hypothesized that decreased sexual desire may be due to a reduced level of excitatory activity, an increased level of inhibitory activity, or both. A greater understanding of the complex pathophysiology of HSDD would improve the identification and management of women for whom low sexual desire is a concern.
Preoperative determinants for failure of transobturator tapes in the management of female urodynamic stress incontinence
Authors: Abdel‐fattah Mohamed , Familusi Akinbowale , Ramsay Ian , Ayansina Dolapo , Mostafa Alyaa
Published: May 2010

Objectives

To determine significant preoperative risk factors for failure of transobturator tapes.

Methods

Secondary analysis of data from the E‐TOT (Evaluation of Transobturator Tapes) study. Patient‐reported outcomes (n = 310) and objective outcomes (n = 297) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

On univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35, maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) ≤ 30 cm H2O, preoperative mixed incontinence on urodynamics, history of at least one previous incontinence procedure, and preoperative symptoms of urgency, nocturia, or urgency incontinence were associated with failure. On multivariate regression, BMI ≥ 35 (OR 6.37; 95% CI, 1.73–23.44; P = 0.005), nocturia (OR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.04–4.58; P = 0.039), urgency incontinence (OR 3.35; 95% CI, 1.07–10.51; P = 0.039), and previous incontinence surgery (OR 2.33; 95%CI, 1.1–5.48; P = 0.048) were independently associated with patient‐reported failure. MUCP ≤ 30 cm H2O (OR 7.06; 95% CI, 2.85–17.48; P < 0.001) and previous incontinence procedure (OR 6.22; 95%CI, 2.34–16.52; P < 0.001) were independently associated with objective failure.

Conclusion

History of previous incontinence surgery was the only independent risk factor for failure of transobturator tapes based on both the patient‐reported and objective outcome.
Trends, characteristics, and outcomes of adolescent pregnancy in eastern Turkey
Authors: Edirne Tamer , Can Muhammet , Kolusari Ali , Yildizhan Recep , Adali Ertan , Akdag Beyza
Published: May 2010

Objective

To determine the proportion of adolescent births in Van, Turkey, and to identify characteristics and related outcomes.

Methods

Mothers who gave birth at three maternity centers in Van, Turkey, were chosen randomly and were invited to complete a face‐to‐face questionnaire. Participants were asked for demographic information and pregnancy history. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained from the birth records.

Results

Of 1872 mothers who completed the questionnaires, 211 (11.3%) were younger than 19 years. Adolescent mothers showed significantly more inappropriate education for age (82.5% vs 70.1; P < 0.001) and were married to less educated partners (76.3% vs 59.4%; P < 0.001) following unofficial matrimonies (25.6% vs 10.7%; P < 0.001) than older mothers. There were no differences between the age groups in rates of arranged marriages with relatives, income, and household structure. Adolescent mothers reported higher rates of intimate partner violence (17.1% vs 10.8%; P = 0.008) and inadequate prenatal care use (28.4% vs 17.6%; P < 0.001) compared with older mothers. Adolescent births were associated with an increased risk for preterm delivery (P < 0.001) and low birth weight (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Cultural factors rather than economic factors seem to be related to early age at marriage and adolescent childbearing, which are associated with poor birth outcomes.
Institutions of Modern Spain
Authors: Newton Michael T. , Donaghy Peter J.
Published: May 2010

This book provides a comprehensive guide to Spain's major political and economic institutions, analysing their role, structure and functions, as well as their relationship to each other. Set against the background of Spain's consolidation as a young democratic nation and increasingly important contribution to EU affairs, the book examines the 1978 Constitution; the monarchy of Juan Carlos I; the Parliament; central, regional and local government; political parties; trade unions; public sector enterprises; business and professional organisations; financial institutions; and the judiciary. While most chapters reflect Spain's now well-advanced adaptation to life within the European Union, Chapter 15 also looks in detail at the country's representation in EU institutions, as well as the activities of EU-oriented institutions within Spain itself. This is a new expanded, revised and updated edition of the authors' Spain: a Guide to Political and Economic Institutions, first published in 1987.
Christian Antioch
Authors: Wallace-Hadrill D. S.
Published: May 2010

This book is a comprehensive survey of the history and, more particularly, of the thought of Antioch from the second to the eighth centuries of the Christian era. Dr Wallace-Hadrill traces the religious background of Antiochene Christianity and examines in detail aspects of its intellectual life: the exegesis of scripture, the interpretation of history, philosophy, and the doctrine of the nature of God as applied to an understanding of Christ and man's salvation. The community at Antioch stressed history and literalism, in self-conscious opposition to the tendency to allegorise that prevailed at Alexandria. While insisting on the divinity of Christ, they were equally adamant that no other doctrine should be allowed to compromise their central belief that Jesus was really human.
Investigation and Responsibility
Authors: Brock William R.
Published: May 2010

Investigation and Responsibility deals with the extension of social responsibility in the American states during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Lord Bryce questioned the reality of American belief in laissez faire, and recent work has reinforced these doubts. Professor Brock makes a substantial contribution to this reassessment, through an examination of the activities of the agencies established at a state level for the regulation of the social environment. Using the evidence provided by the published reports of the state agencies, he argues that these activities were far more extensive then has often been thought, and indicates the ways in which they laid the foundations for modern government activity in the fields of welfare, health, safety, labour law, and economic regulation. By a detailed examination of such agencies as boards of state charities and public health, bureaus of labour statistics, and railroad commissions, Professor Brock places the extension of state responsibility in a new perspective. The book also includes a reassessment of judicial opinion and closes with an examination of the way in which experience in the states influenced the development of national policy.
Biology of Polar Bryophytes and Lichens
Authors: Longton R. E.
Published: May 2010

This book reviews the biology of bryophytes and lichens in the polar tundra, where these plants may form a dominant component of the vegetation. It considers adaptation to severe environments in terms of growth form, physiology and reproduction. The role of bryophytes and lichens is discussed in vegetation processes such as colonisation and succession, and in energy flow, nutrient cycling and other functional aspects of polar ecosystems, both natural and as modified by man, The range of microclimates experience by polar cryptograms is described using an energy budget approach, and the environmental relationships of CO2 exchange, stress resistance, growth and other physiological responses are discussed against this background. Reproductive biology is also reviewed as an introduction to a consideration of population ecology, distribution patterns, dispersal potential and the origin and adaptation of polar cryptogamic floras. This book integrates the results of work in the Arctic and the Antarctic, and includes a classification of vegetation zones applicable to both polar regions. The study of plant ecology in these areas has advanced dramatically and the results synthesised here contribute to a general understanding both of polar ecosystems and of the environmental relationships of bryophytes and lichens.
Charles Darwin's Shorter Publications, 1829–1883
Authors: van Wyhe John
Published: May 2010

Charles Darwin's words first appeared in print as a student at Christ's College, Cambridge in 1829, and in almost every subsequent year of his life he published essays, articles, letters to editors, or other brief works. These shorter publications contain a wealth of valuable material. They represent an important part of the Darwin visible to the Victorian public, alongside his ever present sense of humour, and reveal an even wider variety of his scientific interests and abilities, which continued to his final days. This book brings together all known shorter publications and printed items Darwin wrote during his lifetime, including his first and his last publications, and the first publication, with A. R. Wallace, of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. With over seventy newly discovered items, the book is fully edited and annotated, and contains original illustrations and a comprehensive bibliography.
Disorders of Hemoglobin
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. , Forget Bernard G. , Higgs Douglas R. , Weatherall David J.
Published: May 2010

This book is a completely revised new edition of the definitive reference on disorders of hemoglobin. Authored by world-renowned experts, the book focuses on basic science aspects and clinical features of hemoglobinopathies, covering diagnosis, treatment, and future applications of current research. While the second edition continues to address the important molecular, cellular, and genetic components, coverage of clinical issues has been significantly expanded, and there is more practical emphasis on diagnosis and management throughout. The book opens with a review of the scientific underpinnings. Pathophysiology of common hemoglobin disorders is discussed next in an entirely new section devoted to vascular biology, the erythrocyte membrane, nitric oxide biology, and hemolysis. Four sections deal with α and β thalassemia, sickle cell disease, and related conditions, followed by special topics. The second edition concludes with current and developing approaches to treatment, incorporating new agents for iron chelation, methods to induce fetal hemoglobin production, novel treatment approaches, stem cell transplantation, and progress in gene therapy.
Antitrust and Global Capitalism, 1930–2004
Authors: Freyer Tony A.
Published: May 2010

The international spread of antitrust suggested the historical process shaping global capitalism. By the 1930s, Americans feared that big business exceeded the government's capacity to impose accountability, engendering the most aggressive antitrust campaign in history. Meanwhile, big business had emerged to varying degrees in liberal Britain, Australia and France, Nazi Germany, and militarist Japan. These same nations nonetheless expressly rejected American-style antitrust as unsuited to their cultures and institutions. After World War II, however, governments in these nations - as well as the European Community - adopted workable antitrust regimes. By the millennium antitrust was instrumental to the clash between state sovereignty and globalization. What ideological and institutional factors explain the global change from opposing to supporting antitrust? Addressing this question, this book throws new light on the struggle over liberal capitalism during the Great Depression and World War II, the postwar Allied occupations of Japan and Germany, the reaction against American big-business hegemony during the Cold War, and the clash over globalization and the WTO.
Analytical Chemistry in Archaeology
Authors: Pollard A. M. , Batt C. M , Stern B. , Young S. M. M.
Published: May 2010

This book is an introductory manual that explains the basic concepts of chemistry behind scientific analytical techniques and that reviews their application to archaeology. It explains key terminology, outlines the procedures to be followed in order to produce good data, and describes the function of the basic instrumentation required to carry out those procedures. The manual contains chapters on the basic chemistry and physics necessary to understand the techniques used in analytical chemistry, with more detailed chapters on Atomic Absorption, Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, Neutron Activation Analysis, X-ray Flourescence, Electron Microscopy, Infra-red and Raman Spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry. Each chapter describes the operation of the instruments, some hints on the practicalities, and a review of the application of the technique to archaeology, including some case studies. With guides to further reading on the topic, it is an essential tool for practitioners, researchers and advanced students alike.
Cambridge Orations, 1993–2007
Authors: Bowen Anthony
Published: May 2010

While Orator of the University of Cambridge, Anthony Bowen delivered one hundred and twenty-five Latin speeches at the Senate House in praise of a variety of distinguished people on the occasion of their receiving Honorary Degrees. Fifty-two are presented here, with facing translations. The fifty-first Orator in an unbroken sequence going back to 1521, Mr Bowen's speeches adapt themselves admirably to the challenge of speaking even of modern phenomena in the language and cadences as far as possible derived from antiquity; although words such as transistor (gen. transistoris, m.) may occasionally need to be invented. The subjects of the speeches include Nelson Mandela, Rowan Williams, Betty Boothroyd, Cleo Laine, Kiri Te Kanawa, Anthony Gormley, and a host of others including many distinguished international scientists.
An Introduction to the Theory of Surreal Numbers
Authors: Gonshor Harry
Published: May 2010

The surreal numbers form a system which includes both the ordinary real numbers and the ordinals. Since their introduction by J. H. Conway, the theory of surreal numbers has seen a rapid development revealing many natural and exciting properties. These notes provide a formal introduction to the theory in a clear and lucid style. The the author is able to lead the reader through to some of the problems in the field. The topics covered include exponentiation and generalized e-numbers.
Lie Groupoids and Lie Algebroids in Differential Geometry
Authors: Mackenzie K.
Published: May 2010

This book provides a striking synthesis of the standard theory of connections in principal bundles and the Lie theory of Lie groupoids. The concept of Lie groupoid is a little-known formulation of the concept of principal bundle and corresponding to the Lie algebra of a Lie group is the concept of Lie algebroid: in principal bundle terms this is the Atiyah sequence. The author's viewpoint is that certain deep problems in connection theory are best addressed by groupoid and Lie algebroid methods. After preliminary chapters on topological groupoids, the author gives the first unified and detailed account of the theory of Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids. He then applies this theory to the cohomology of Lie algebroids, re-interpreting connection theory in cohomological terms, and giving criteria for the existence of (not necessarily Riemannian) connections with prescribed curvature form. This material, presented in the last two chapters, is work of the author published here for the first time. This book will be of interest to differential geometers working in general connection theory and to researchers in theoretical physics and other fields who make use of connection theory.
Algorithmic Algebraic Number Theory
Authors: Pohst M. , Zassenhaus H.
Published: May 2010

Now in paperback, this classic book is addressed to all lovers of number theory. On the one hand, it gives a comprehensive introduction to constructive algebraic number theory, and is therefore especially suited as a textbook for a course on that subject. On the other hand many parts go beyond an introduction and make the user familiar with recent research in the field. New methods which have been developed for experimental number theoreticians are included along with new and important results. Both computer scientists interested in higher arithmetic and those teaching algebraic number theory will find the book of value.
Euthanasia Examined
Authors: Callahan Daniel
Published: May 2010

Whether euthanasia or assisted suicide should be legalised is one of the most pressing and profound questions facing legislators, health-care professionals, their patients and indeed all members of society. Regrettably, the debate is too often characterised by rhetoric rather than reason. This book aims to inform the debate by acquainting anyone interested in this vital question with some of the major ethical, legal and clinical and theological issues involved. The essays it contains are authoritative, balanced and readable: authoritative in that they have been commissioned from some of the world's leading experts; balanced in that they reflect divergent viewpoints (including a vigorous debate between two eminent philosophers); and readable in that they should be readily intelligible to the general reader. This accessible, fair and learned collection should enlighten all who wish to be better informed about the debate surrounding this momentous issue.
Growing Out of the Plan
Authors: Naughton Barry
Published: May 2010

Growing Out of the Plan is a comprehensive study of China's economic reforms, from their beginnings at the end of 1978 through the completion of many of the initial reform measures during 1993. The book focuses on industry and macroeconomic policy, using these to describe reform strategy in its entirety. In addition to being a thorough and reliable guide to the specifics of Chinese economic reform, the book highlights the distinctive features of Chinese reforms that differentiate them from those in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The author argues that the success of the reforms is not the result of carefully plotted strategy, although in hindsight the reforms seem to have added up to a coherent package. Perhaps most important in its connotations for other changing economies, the Chinese experience shows that gradual change of a command economy is feasible.
The Evolving International Economy
Authors: Chichilnisky Graciela , Heal Geoffrey M.
Published: May 2010

This book focuses on the main issues of trade and development, and on the attainment of the major development goals generally espoused in the international community: rapid development in the Third World, sustained economic expansion in the industrial countries and the eradication of deep inequalities and of extreme poverty. It consists of four parts. The first three give an overall analysis of the world economy, with commentary and conclusions on major issues of trade and development. The fourth part provides the intuitive basis for the main results within the context of the formal models, and rigorous proofs are found in the references given to the technical literature. The analysis is descriptive, focusing on the particulars of market behaviour and tracing the ways in which markets respond to policies, in the belief that policies cannot be viewed in a vacuum, but must be confronted with the responses of the market. The interplay of domestic policies and international markets is a main feature of the authors' analysis.
The Danish Revolution, 1500–1800
Authors: Kjærgaard Thorkild
Published: May 2010

This book tells the story of a fertile European country that, as a result of over population and military armament, over exploited its fields and forests in a non-sustainable fashion. By the eighteenth century Denmark, along with other European countries, found itself in an ecological crisis involving clear felling of forests, sand drift, floods, inadequate soil fertilization and cattle disease. This crisis was overcome by a green biotechnological revolution that changed the whole pattern of agriculture, and by the abandonment of wood as a raw material and source of energy in favour of coal and iron. This book outlines the background of the present-day ecological crisis, both in the industrial world and in developing countries, and attempts to understand early modern Europe from a consistently ecological viewpoint.
Italy
Authors: Spotts Frederic , Wieser Theodor
Published: May 2010

Italy is the world's sixth economic power, lies in a key geopolitical position, and was a founding member of NATO and the European Community. Yet of all the major European states Italy is the least understood and studied. This book provides the only up-to-date survey of the Italian political scene during the forty years since World War II. It describes the inner-dynamics of the political parties, the day-to-day functioning of the governing institutions, and the interaction of the country's economic, social, and political life. It shows how a political system, riven with difficulties and seemingly in a continual crisis, survives and prospers - in some ways more successfully than its purportedly better-governed neighbours. Based on the authors' first-hand observations of Italian politics, the book offers a valuable insight into a subtle and complex, but fascinating political world.
Authorship and Cultural Identity in Early Greece and China
Authors: Beecroft Alexander
Published: May 2010

In this book, Alexander Beecroft explores how the earliest poetry in Greece (Homeric epic and lyric) and China (the Canon of Songs) evolved from being local, oral, and anonymous to being textualised, interpreted, and circulated over increasingly wider areas. Beecroft re-examines representations of authorship as found in poetic biographies such as Lives of Homer and the Zuozhuan, and in the works of other philosophical and historical authors like Plato, Aristotle, Herodotus, Confucius, and Sima Qian. Many of these anecdotes and narratives have long been rejected as spurious or motivated by naïve biographical criticism. Beecroft argues that these texts effectively negotiated the tensions between local and pan-cultural audiences. The figure of the author thus served as a catalyst to a sense of shared cultural identity in both the Greek and Chinese worlds. It also facilitated the emergence of both cultures as the bases for cosmopolitan world orders.
Adjunct Adverbials in English
Authors: Hasselgård Hilde
Published: May 2010

In this original study, Hilde Hasselgård discusses the use of adverbials in English, through examining examples found in everyday texts. Adverbials - clause elements that typically refer to circumstances of time, space, reason and manner - cover a range of meanings and can be placed at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence. The description of the frequency of meaning types and discussion of the reasons for selecting positions show that the use of adverbials differs across text types. Adverbial usage is often linked to the general build-up of a text and part of its content and purpose. In using real texts, Hasselgård identifies a challenge for the classification of adjuncts, and also highlights that some adjuncts have uses that extend into the textual and interpersonal domains, obscuring the traditional divisions between adjuncts, disjuncts and conjuncts.
Electrical Dynamics of the Dendritic Space
Authors: Korogod Sergiy Mikhailovich , Tyč-Dumont Suzanne
Published: May 2010

The authors explain how the whole dendritic arborization contributes to the generation of various output discharges and elucidate the mechanisms of the transfer function of all dendritic sites. Their alternative modelling approach to conventional models introduces the notion of a functional dendritic space, and they have concentrated on a detailed spatial description of the electrical states at all dendritic sites when the dendrites operate. By analyzing the electrical dendritic space in which all the signals are processed, the authors provide tools to explore the spatial dimension of the transient events well known by electrophysiologists. They demonstrate the mechanisms by which the operating dendrites decide how, in fine, the distributed synaptic inputs generate final various output discharges. Their approach reveals the mechanisms by which individual dendritic geometry determines the sequence of action potentials that is the neuronal code. An accompanying NeuronViewer allows readers to monitor the simulation of operating dendritic arborization.
Ancient Greek Music
Authors: Hagel Stefan
Published: May 2010

This book endeavours to pinpoint the relations between musical, and especially instrumental, practice and the evolving conceptions of pitch systems. It traces the development of ancient melodic notation from reconstructed origins, through various adaptations necessitated by changing musical styles and newly invented instruments, to its final canonical form. It thus emerges how closely ancient harmonic theory depended on the culturally dominant instruments, the lyre and the aulos. These threads are followed down to late antiquity, when details recorded by Ptolemy permit an exceptionally clear view. Dr Hagel discusses the textual and pictorial evidence, introducing mathematical approaches wherever feasible, but also contributes to the interpretation of instruments in the archaeological record and occasionally is able to outline the general features of instruments not directly attested. The book will be indispensable to all those interested in Greek music, technology and performance culture and the general history of musicology.
Algebraic Methods in Unstable Homotopy Theory
Authors: Neisendorfer Joseph
Published: May 2010

The most modern and thorough treatment of unstable homotopy theory available. The focus is on those methods from algebraic topology which are needed in the presentation of results, proven by Cohen, Moore, and the author, on the exponents of homotopy groups. The author introduces various aspects of unstable homotopy theory, including: homotopy groups with coefficients; localization and completion; the Hopf invariants of Hilton, James, and Toda; Samelson products; homotopy Bockstein spectral sequences; graded Lie algebras; differential homological algebra; and the exponent theorems concerning the homotopy groups of spheres and Moore spaces. This book is suitable for a course in unstable homotopy theory, following a first course in homotopy theory. It is also a valuable reference for both experts and graduate students wishing to enter the field.
Edward Elgar, Modernist
Authors: Harper-Scott J. P. E.
Published: May 2010

The first full-length analytical study of Edward Elgar's music, this book argues that Elgar was a modernist composer, and that his music constitutes a pessimistic twentieth-century assessment of the nature of human being. Focusing on Elgar's music rather than his life, Harper-Scott blends the hermeneutic and existential philosophy of Martin Heidegger with music-analytical methods derived from Heinrich Schenker and James Hepokoski. In the course of engaging with debates centred on duotonality in musical structures, sonata deformations, meaning in music, the nature of tragedy, and the quest narrative, the book rejects poststructuralist and literary-theoretical interpretations of music, radically interprets Schenkerian theory, and tentatively outlines a new space - a Heideggerian 'clearing' - in which music of all periods can be understood to operate, be experienced and be understood. The book includes a detailed glossary which provides the reader with clear definitions of important and difficult terms.
From White Australia to Woomera
Authors: Jupp James
Published: May 2010

There has never been a greater need for a sober, historically informed yet critical account of immigration policy in Australia. In this revised and updated edition, James Jupp, Australia's leading specialist on migration, surveys the changes in policy over the last thirty years since the seismic shift away from the White Australia Policy. Along the way he outlines the history of Australian immigration, compares the achievements of the Fraser, Hawke and Keating governments, and considers the establishment of the 'institutions' of multiculturalism and ethnicity. Jupp looks critically at the ways economic rationalism, the rise of Pauline Hanson and One Nation, and the environmental debate have impacted upon migration choices. The vexed issue of refugees and asylum seekers is also covered in great depth.
Bereavement and Health
Authors: Stroebe Wolfgang , Stroebe Margaret S.
Published: May 2010

Does the popular notion of a 'broken heart' have some grounding in reality? How can grief affect the body in ways that necessitate medical care and may even be life-threatening? Bereavement and Health constitutes a comprehensive review of what is known about the impact of bereavement on surviving partners. Drawing on the work of psychologists, sociologists, epidemiologists, and psychiatrists, Wolfgang and Margaret Stroebe offer a theoretically coherent perspective focused on conjugal loss. After a thorough discussion of stress and depression models of bereavement, the authors present their own theoretical approach, emphasizing social contacts and the interpersonal nature of grief. They then examine the psychological and medical consequences of bereavement: Are the bereaved at higher risk than those who have not lost a partner? What has research revealed about the causes, symptoms, and outcomes of grief? Key questions about recovery from grief are also addressed: Is the health risk of bereavement severe enough to have lasting or even fatal consequences? Is it possible to identify those bereaved who are at high risk before their health suffers? What are the strategies that are most likely to lead to effective coping? Can attempts at intervention be effective? The Stroebes' combination of theoretical integration and methodological rigor will make Bereavement and Health a standard text for years to come.
Fear of Security
Authors: Burke Anthony
Published: May 2010

Rarely has security been such a preoccupation of Australian politics, and rarely has it seemed so far from being achieved. This celebrated book argues that security has dominated and distorted Australia's foreign policy and national life, from Cook's first voyage to the Tampa crisis, 9/11 and Iraq. Whether in the Great War, Vietnam or the treatment of asylum seekers, Anthony Burke shows that Australia's security has been bought with the insecurity and suffering of others. Against this corrosive tradition, he offers a new - cosmopolitan and non-coercive - model of national existence and responsibility. At once a deep historical survey and an argument with its society, Fear of Security is a landmark account of how Australia relates to itself, its region and the world. Turning powerful academic and political orthodoxies on their heads, it is essential reading for those concerned with the burning questions that face Australia and the Asia-Pacific.
Inventing Retirement
Authors: Hannah Leslie
Published: May 2010

Pension funds now account for a large portion of old-age incomes, of capital ownership, and of employee fringe benefits. A hundred years ago they hardly existed. This book, first published in 1986 by one of Britain's leading business historians, examines the interplay of business, political and social forces in this profound transformation, showing why old-age saving became rooted in the employment contract. The analysis is based on historical materials on pension funds, most of which have never previously been analysed, but this new interpretation is skilfully interwoven with the more familiar story of the development of state welfare and of personnel management. The original perspective of the book will be of interest not only to economists, historians and sociologists, but to practitioners in the field of pensions management and old-age welfare who wish to understand the constraints and opportunities provided for modern pension design by the legacy of the past.
Combinatorial Matrix Classes
Authors: Brualdi Richard A.
Published: May 2010

A natural sequel to the author's previous book Combinatorial Matrix Theory written with H. J. Ryser, this is the first book devoted exclusively to existence questions, constructive algorithms, enumeration questions, and other properties concerning classes of matrices of combinatorial significance. Several classes of matrices are thoroughly developed including the classes of matrices of 0's and 1's with a specified number of 1's in each row and column (equivalently, bipartite graphs with a specified degree sequence), symmetric matrices in such classes (equivalently, graphs with a specified degree sequence), tournament matrices with a specified number of 1's in each row (equivalently, tournaments with a specified score sequence), nonnegative matrices with specified row and column sums, and doubly stochastic matrices. Most of this material is presented for the first time in book format and the chapter on doubly stochastic matrices provides the most complete development of the topic to date.
Lectures on the Ricci Flow
Authors: Topping Peter
Published: May 2010

Hamilton's Ricci flow has attracted considerable attention since its introduction in 1982, owing partly to its promise in addressing the Poincaré conjecture and Thurston's geometrization conjecture. This book gives a concise introduction to the subject with the hindsight of Perelman's breakthroughs from 2002/2003. After describing the basic properties of, and intuition behind the Ricci flow, core elements of the theory are discussed such as consequences of various forms of maximum principle, issues related to existence theory, and basic properties of singularities in the flow. A detailed exposition of Perelman's entropy functionals is combined with a description of Cheeger-Gromov-Hamilton compactness of manifolds and flows to show how a 'tangent' flow can be extracted from a singular Ricci flow. Finally, all these threads are pulled together to give a modern proof of Hamilton's theorem that a closed three-dimensional manifold whichcarries a metric of positive Ricci curvature is a spherical space form.
Inhomogeneous Cosmological Models
Authors: Krasiński Andrzej
Published: May 2010

This volume provides a comprehensive survey of our understanding of the universe based on the exact solutions of the theory of relativity. More precisely, it describes those models that fit with astronomical observations of galaxy clusters, cosmic voids and other key features of our universe. This authoritative account achieves two important goals. First, it collects together all independently derived cosmological solutions since the birth of relativity in 1915 to 1997, and clearly shows how they are interrelated. Secondly, it presents a coherent overview of the physical properties of these inhomogeneous models. It demonstrates, for instance, that the formation of voids and the interaction of the cosmic microwave background radiation with matter in the universe can be explained by exact solutions of the Einstein equations, without the need for approximations. This book will be of particular interest to graduates and researchers in gravity, relativity and theoretical cosmology as well as historians of science.
A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change
Authors: Bolin Bert
Published: May 2010

How did the global climate change issues emerge? The issue of human-induced global climate change became a major environmental concern during the twentieth century. In response to growing concern about human-induced global climate change, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was formed in 1988. Written by its first chairman, this book is an overview of the history of the IPCC. It describes and evaluates the intricate interplay between key factors in the science and politics of climate change, the strategy that has been followed, and the regretfully slow pace in getting to grips with the uncertainties that have prevented earlier action being taken. The book also highlights the emerging conflict between establishing a sustainable global energy system and preventing a serious change in global climate. This text provides researchers and policy makers with an insight into the history of the politics of climate change.
Interiors of the Planets
Authors: Cook A. H.
Published: May 2010

Planets have excited the minds of man since prehistory. In our own time planetary science has become a rapidly developing area of astronomical research, as the instruments carried by spacecraft have vastly increased our knowledge of planetary surfaces and interiors. the rocky planets of the inner solar system bear countless craters, scars of their encounters with innumerable meteorites, although the active surface of the earth has contrived to erase these features from our own planet. The outer giants, particularly Jupiter, have vigorous atmospheres, while Io, a satellite of Jupiter, has sulphur volcanoes. In this book Alan Cook explains how the mechanical properties of the planets are determined, how planetary materials behave at high pressure, and how celestial mechanics and the quantum physics of highly condensed matter may be combined to determine the general constitution of the planets.
Falls in Older People
Authors: Lord Stephen R. , Sherrington Catherine , Menz Hylton B. , Close Jacqueline C. T.
Published: May 2010

Since the first edition of this very successful book was written to synthesise and review the enormous body of work covering falls in older people, there has been an even greater wealth of informative and promising studies designed to increase our understanding of risk factors and prevention strategies. This second edition, first published in 2007, is written in three parts: epidemiology, strategies for prevention, and future research directions. New material includes recent studies covering: balance studies using tripping, slipping and stepping paradigms; sensitivity and depth perception visual risk factors; neurophysiological research on automatic or reflex balance activities; and the roles of syncope, vitamin D, cataract surgery, health and safety education, and exercise programs. This edition will be an invaluable update for clinicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, researchers, and all those working in community, hospital and residential or rehabilitation aged care settings.
Allegories of Farming from Greece and Rome
Authors: Kronenberg Leah
Published: May 2010

In this book Professor Kronenberg shows that Xenophon's Oeconomicus, Varro's De Re Rustica and Virgil's Georgics are not simply works on farming but belong to a tradition of philosophical satire which uses allegory and irony to question the meaning of morality. These works metaphorically connect farming and its related arts to political life; but instead of presenting farming in its traditional guise as a positive symbol, they use it to model the deficiencies of the active life, which in turn is juxtaposed to a preferred contemplative way of life. Although these three texts are not usually treated together, this book convincingly connects them with an original and provocative interpretation of their allegorical use of farming. It also fills an important gap in our understanding of the literary influences on the Georgics by showing that it is shaped not just by its poetic predecessors but by philosophical dialogue.
Assessing Listening
Authors: Buck Gary
Published: May 2010

The book outlines the major areas of listening research in an accessible manner and provides language teachers with guidelines to design and develop suitable listening tests for their students.
Assessing Writing
Authors: Weigle Sara Cushing
Published: May 2010

Writing is one of the central skills a student must master. Why should they be tested? How should they be tested? What tasks should be used? The answers to these questions are provided by this book, which examines the theory behind the practice of assessing a student's writing abilities.
Assessing Speaking
Authors: Luoma Sari
Published: May 2010

Speaking is a central yet complex area of language acquisition. The assessment of this crucial skill is equally complex. This book takes teachers and language testers through the research on the assessment of speaking as well as through current tests of speaking. The book then guides language testers through the stages of test tasks, rating practices and design.
English for Specific Purposes
Authors: Hutchinson Tom , Waters Alan
Published: May 2010

English for Specific Purposes offers the teacher a new perspective on this important field. The main concern is effective learning and how this can best be achieved in ESP courses. The authors discuss the evolution of ESP and its position today; the role of the ESP teacher; course design; syllabuses; materials; teaching methods, and evaluation procedures. It will be of interest to all teachers who are concerned with ESP. Those who are new to the field will find it a thorough, practical introduction while those with more extensive experience will find its approach both stimulating and innovative.
Five-Minute Activities for Business English
Authors: Emmerson Paul , Hamilton Nick
Published: May 2010

This comprehensive resource book contains an easy-to-use set of short activities essential for anyone teaching Business English. Reflecting real-life business activities such as emails, noisy telephone conversations, making excuses, negotiating, handling customer complaints and cultural awareness, Five-Minute Activities for Business English helps teachers mirror the pacey feel of the work environment. This book is also of interest to teachers of general English who are looking for stimulating skills-based activities in meaningful contexts and complements both tailored and coursebook-based materials.

The four main areas covered are 'Business topics', 'Business communication skills', 'Language work' and 'Exploiting coursebooks'. These areas feature activities on various topics such as money, finance, meetings, negotiations, telephoning, management, marketing, etc.
Drama Techniques
Authors: Maley Alan , Duff Alan
Published: May 2010

The fully revised edition of this 'classic' helps teachers give their learners the tools they need to express themselves through a range of stimulating drama contexts. This completely revised edition of the classic title Drama Techniques provides: *150 ideas for interesting and productive fluency practice *a large selection of drama-based techniques which focus learners' attention on communicative tasks or activities *techniques suitable for all levels *clear instructions for the teacher *advice on how to use the techniques in the classroom