bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banality of life
Authors: Борзых Станислав , Borzykh Stanislav
Published: July 2018

This book is devoted to the issues of the uniqueness of matter, life and consciousness - or mind. Despite the fact that we are taught to look at the world around us through the prism of this concept, in reality it is much more prosaic than it is customary to think. Neither the universe settings that allow the matter to take place, nor the complex machinery of a living cell that leads to the emergence of a new phenomenon in physical reality, nor even the human intellect, which we believe is the apex of evolution, cannot be recognized as something special and unique. Those laws and norms that allow all this to happen belong to this world and they are by it constituted, and therefore are not something outstanding and surprising. The infinity of the universe makes any talk that all of the above is unique and original meaningless and futile. On the contrary, there are good reasons to think that life, reason, and whatever else in what we see the uniqueness of both the world and ourselves, are an inevitable consequence of those processes that are observed in physical reality. Moreover, they were both predictable and expected. This paper shows that all these phenomena are trivial and relatively simple. We were just lucky players in the lottery, which somewhere necessarily had to lead to a win, and exactly this we are observing around. Much more experiments have ended in nothing, and this makes our case far less interesting than it seems to us. In dry residue, neither being, nor life, nor reason is something amazing, but all that is just banal.
Fairness in Bankruptcies: An Experimental Study
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W. , Luttens Roland Iwan , Sørensen Erik Ø. , Tungodden Bertil
Published: July 2018

The pari passu principle of awarding claimants proportionally to their pre-insolvency claims is the most prominent principle in the law of insolvency. We report from a lab experiment designed to study whether people find this principle a fair solution to the bankruptcy problem. The experimental design generates situations where participants work and accumulate claims in firms, some of which subsequently go bankrupt. Third-party arbitrators are randomly assigned to determine how the liquidation value of the bankrupt firms should be distributed between claimants. Our main finding is that there is a striking support for the pari passu principle. We estimate a random utility model that allows for the arbitrators to differ in what they consider a fair solution to the bankruptcy problem and find that about 85% of the participants endorse the proportional rule. We also find that a nonnegligible fraction of the arbitrators follow the constrained equal losses rule, while there is almost no support in our experiment for the constrained equal awards rule or other fairness rules suggested in the normative literature.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3029 .

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, behavioral economics.
A MEDIAÇÃO E A CONCILIAÇÃO NO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL: Maximização de eficiência na Justiça brasileira
Authors: Messias Ewerton Ricardo , Tamaoki Neves Fabiana Junqueira
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo visa analisar o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias e tendências do Processo Civil com relação aos meios alternativos de solução de conflitos e as bases em que se fundam, sob a ótica da autocomposição. Nesse intuito, são investigadas as definições e as diferenças entre estes dois institutos, uma possível evolução legislativa acerca da mediação e da conciliação, a natureza jurídica dos acordos obtidos no âmbito destes institutos e uma possível maximização de eficiência na Justiça brasileira propiciada por eles. Para a obtenção dos resultados almejados pela pesquisa, o método de abordagem seguido foi o empírico-dialético, utilizando-se das pesquisas bibliográfica e legislativa, tendo como sistema de referência uma combinação do Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico de Paulo de Barros carvalho e do Law and Economics de Richard A. Posner. Em conclusão, aponta-se para uma ampliação da celeridade processual, a qual possibilita uma maximização de eficiência na Justiça brasileira, por meio de uma resolução alternativa de conflitos apta a garantir a fruição plena do direito de acesso à justiça, baseada na fruição tempestiva, pelos cidadãos, dos direitos que lhe foram tolhidos ou negados ilegalmente.
O CONSTITUCIONALISMO MODERNO DE JAMES MADISON E AS INFLUÊNCIAS DO PENSAMENTO POLITICO EUROPEU
Authors: Liziero Leonam Baesso da Silva
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar algumas influências do pensamento político europeu, especialmente de Hobbes, Locke e Montesquieu no constitucionalismo de James Madison presente nos escritos de O Federalista. Deste modo, incialmente será feita uma abordagem sobre a concepção antropológica na obra de Hobbes e sua repercussão no conceito de fação desenvolvido por Madison. Em seguida, como a ideia de liberdades fundamentais se concentra presente em Madison, claramente por influência do liberalismo de Locke. Por fim, demonstra-se a importância do pensamento de Montesquieu para Madison, tanto na questão da formação da Federação quanto na separação dos poderes da República.
O JULGAMENTO DO HABEAS CORPUS 126.292/SP PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL SOB A ÓTICA DO PENSAMENTO DE NEIL MACCORMICK SOBRE ARGUMENTAÇÃO DA DECISÃO JUDICIAL
Authors: Mota Rafael Gonçalves , Lima Martônio Mont'Alverne Barreto
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa o julgamento da ação de habeas corpus 126.292/SP pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, ocorrido em 17 de fevereiro de 2016, no qual, a partir do exame do conceito e dos limites do princípio da presunção do estado de inocência, passou-se a admitir a execução da pena após a decisão confirmatória da condenação pelo juízo de segundo grau. O estudo apresentado toma como referência a teoria de argumentação de Neil MacCormick, especialmente considerando que o acórdão atende aos elementos essenciais que devem constar em uma decisão judicial, quais sejam, consistência, coerência e universalidade. Inicialmente, disserta-se sobre o conceito do princípio da presunção de inocência, bem como sua natureza jurídica. No segundo tópico do artigo, busca-se resumir o teor da decisão em estudo, para a seguir ponderar acerca dos argumentos contidos nos votos dos ministros, para posteriormente analisar os termos do acórdão sob o prisma do proposto por Neil MacCormick. Conclui-se que a decisão atende ao requisito da universalidade, porém não satisfaz plenamente aos requisitos da coerência e consistência, especialmente considerando ter sido tomada por maioria de votos bem como com a análise dos argumentos nela contidos. A metodologia utilizada é bibliográfica, doutrinária, legislativa e jurisprudencial.
A universidade portuguesa: ontem e hoje - da sua origem ao século XVIII
Authors: Alves Dora Resende
Published: July 2018

Ontem e hoje, a Universidade apresenta-se como centro de reflexão e também centro de atenção dos poderes públicos, ontem, o rei, hoje, os ministérios correspondentes e as comissões especializadas. A Universidade Portuguesa representa uma instituição, de entre as suas congéneres europeias, com especificidades ligadas à evolução política do Reino, da sua origem ao século XVIII. É oportuno lembrar esta origem específica, mantendo-se a única instituição de ensino superior do país até ao século XVI, num momento presente em que a condição da Universidade e dos estudos superiores voltam a ser tão falados e estudados.
Care of the stoma: complications and treatments
Authors: O'Flynn Sinéad Kelly
Published: July 2018

Quality patient education of how to care for their stoma improves patient outcomes and enhances quality of care and efficacy. There is a need for home visits to assist ostomates with rehabilitation of their stoma formation, as they often feel stigmatised and are likely to withdraw from social activities. It has previously been highlighted that community care is often the weakest link in rehabilitation, highlighting the need for effective teamwork and collaboration between stoma nurse specialists and community nurses. This article will focus on some of the more common complications of stomas which will be seen in the community setting, how to treat these conditions and when patients should be referred to the specialist stoma care nurse.
Gestational diabetes
Authors: Moncrieff Gill
Published: July 2018

Gestational diabetes affects 5-7% of all pregnancies and has an effect on care during pregnancy, as well as on outcomes for both mother and fetus. Its prevalence is rising, along with the background prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is not surprising, considering that they are intertwined in a cycle whereby having one condition increases the risk of having the other, and that they can all be passed down through the generations. This article will discuss the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes, as well as methods of screening, diagnosis, and intervention; increased knowledge and optimisation of which have the potential to slow the amplifying intergenerational cycle of these conditions.
Allergic otitis
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: July 2018

Ear disease is a common problem in primary care veterinary practice. A clear understanding of the underlying causes of disease, and the need both to recognise and treat infection effectively and to reverse chronic changes to the canal, is key to resolving disease and preventing recurrence. Symptomatic therapy with cleaners and drops can be justified when the client presents their pet for the first time. However, the prolonged use of medication without addressing the underlying primary causes and managing change within the canal will lead to recurrence of the problem; ongoing damage to the canal often with extension into the middle ear; and potentially the development of multiple-drug resistant infections. This is the first of a series of articles that addresses some of the most common challenges faced in practice in the management of ear disease. It has been prepared as a series of frequently asked questions. This first article considers allergic otitis.
Book Review
Authors: Bradley Kate
Published: July 2018

The BSAVA Guide to Radiographic Positioning, in ‘flip-book’ format, provides a useful quick reference guide to common — and some less common — radiographic projections.
A case of caudal cruciate rupture
Authors: Pennington Catrina , Walton Ben
Published: July 2018

A 10-year-old, male neutered 25 kg Border Collie was referred for investigation of left pelvic limb lameness. Radiographs demonstrated the presence of stifle effusion. Arthrotomy revealed an isolated caudal cruciate ligament rupture; this was repaired surgically via extracapsular stabilisation. Follow-up 10 weeks postoperatively showed complete resolution of lameness.
Eight-plate epiphysiodesis
Authors: Sinha R. , Weigl D. , Mercado E. , Becker T. , Kedem P. , Bar-On E.
Published: July 2018

Aims

Guided growth using eight-plates is commonly used for correction of angular limb deformities in growing children. The principle is of tethering at the physeal periphery while enabling growth in the rest of the physis. The method is also applied for epiphysiodesis to correct limb-length discrepancy (LLD). Concerns have been raised regarding the potential of this method to create an epiphyseal deformity. However, this has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to detect and quantify the occurrence of deformities in the proximal tibial epiphysis following treatment with eight-plates.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective study was performed including 42 children at a mean age of 10.8 years (3.7 to 15.7) undergoing eight-plate insertion in the proximal tibia for correction of coronal plane deformities or LLD between 2007 and 2015. A total of 64 plates were inserted; 48 plates (34 patients) were inserted to correct angular deformities and 16 plates (8 patients) for LLD. Medical records, Picture Archive and Communication System images, and conventional radiographs were reviewed. Measurements included interscrew angle, lateral and medial plateau slope angles measured between the plateau surface and the line between the ends of the physis, and tibial plateau roof angle defined as 180° minus the sum of both plateau angles. Measurements were compared between radiographs performed adjacent to surgery and those at latest follow-up, and between operated and non-operated plateaus. Statistical analysis was performed using BMDP Statistical Software.

Results

Slope angle increased in 31 (49.2%) of operated epiphyses by a mean of 5° (1° to 23°) compared with 29 (31.9%) in non-operated epiphyses (p = 0.043). Roof angle decreased in 29 (46.0%) of operated tibias and in 25 (27.5%) of non-operated ones by a mean of 5° (1° to 18°) (p = 0.028). Slope angle change frequency was similar in patients with LLD, varus and valgus correction (p = 0.37) but roof angle changes were slightly more frequent in LLD (p = 0.059) and correlated with the change in inter screw angles (r = 0.74, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of eight-plates in the proximal tibia for deformity correction and limb-length equalization causes a change in the bony morphology of the tibial plateau in a significant number of patients and the effect is more pronounced in the correction of LLD. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1112–16.
A safe technique for insertion of heel wires for hindfoot external fixation frames
Authors: Kelly C. , Harwood P. J. , Loughenbury P. R. , Clancy J. A. , Britten S.
Published: July 2018

Aims

Anatomical atlases document classical safe corridors for the placement of transosseous fine wires through the calcaneum during circular frame external fixation. During this process, the posterior tibial neurovascular bundle (PTNVB) is placed at risk, though this has not been previously quantified. We describe a cadaveric study to investigate a safe technique for posterolateral to anteromedial fine wire insertion through the body of the calcaneum.

Materials and Methods

A total of 20 embalmed cadaveric lower limbs were divided into two groups. Wires were inserted using two possible insertion points and at varying angles. In Group A, wires were inserted one-third along a line between the point of the heel and the tip of the lateral malleolus while in Group B, wires were inserted halfway along this line. Standard dissection techniques identified the structures at risk and the distance of wires from neurovascular structures was measured. The results from 19 limbs were subject to analysis.

Results

In Group A, no wires pierced the PTNVB. Wires were inserted a median 22.3 mm (range 4.7 to 39.6) from the PTNVB; two wires (4%) passed within 5 mm. In Group B, 24 (46%) wires passed within 5 mm of the PTNVB, with 11 wires piercing it. The median distance of wires from the PTNVB was 5.5 mm (range 0 to 30). A Mann–Whitney U test showed that this was significantly closer than in Group A (Hodges–Lehmann shift, 14.06 mm; 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.52 to 16.88; p < 0.0001). In Group B, with an increased angle of insertion there was greater risk to the PTNVB (rs = -0.80; p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Insertion of wires using an entry point one-third along a line from the point of the heel to the tip of the lateral malleolus (Group A) appears to be the safer technique. An insertion angle of up to 30° to the coronal plane can be used without significant risk to the PTNVB. Insertion of wires halfway along a line from the point of the heel to the tip of the lateral malleolus (Group B) carried a significantly higher risk of injury to neurovascular structures and, if necessary, an angle of insertion parallel to the coronal plane should be used. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1054–9.
The management of infected nonunion of tibia with a segmental defect using simultaneous fixation with a monorail fixator and a locked plate
Authors: Gupta S. , Malhotra A. , Mittal N. , Garg S. K. , Jindal R. , Kansay R.
Published: July 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to establish whether composite fixation (rail-plate) decreases fixator time and related problems in the management of patients with infected nonunion of tibia with a segmental defect, without compromising the anatomical and functional outcomes achieved using the classical Ilizarov technique. We also wished to study the acceptability of this technique using patient-based objective criteria.

Patients and Methods

Between January 2012 and January 2015, 14 consecutive patients were treated for an infected nonunion of the tibia with a gap and were included in the study. During stage one, a radical debridement of bone and soft tissue was undertaken with the introduction of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. At the second stage, the tibia was stabilized using a long lateral locked plate and a six-pin monorail fixator on its anteromedial surface. A corticotomy was performed at the appropriate level. During the third stage, i.e. at the end of the distraction phase, the transported fragment was aligned and fixed to the plate with two to four screws. An iliac crest autograft was added to the docking site and the fixator was removed. Functional outcome was assessed using the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.

Results

The mean age of patients was 38.1 years (sd 12.7). There were 13 men and one woman. The mean size of the defect was 6.4 cm (sd 1.3). the mean follow-up was 33.2 months (24 to 50). The mean external fixator index was 21.2 days/cm (sd 1.5). The complication rate was 0.5 (7/14) per patient. According to the classification of Paley, there were five problems and two obstacles but no true complications. The ASAMI bone score was excellent in all patients. The functional ASAMI scores were excellent in eight and good in six patients. The mean MSTS composite score was 83.9% (sd 7.1), with an MSTS emotional acceptance score of 4.9 (sd 0.5; maximum possible 5).

Conclusion

Composite fixation (rail-plate) decreases fixator time and the associated complications, in the treatment of patients of infected nonunion tibia with a segmental defect. It also provides good anatomical and functional results with high emotional acceptance. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1094–9.
A quantitative method for the radiological assessment of skeletal maturity using the distal femur
Authors: Knapik D. M. , Sanders J. O. , Gilmore A. , Weber D. R. , Cooperman D. R. , Liu R. W.
Published: July 2018

Aims

Using 90% of final height as a benchmark, we sought to develop a quick, quantitative and reproducible method of estimating skeletal maturity based on topographical changes in the distal femoral physis.

Patients and Methods

Serial radiographs of the distal femoral physis three years prior to, during, and two years following the chronological age associated with 90% of final height were analyzed in 81 healthy children. The distance from the tip of the central peak of the distal femoral physis to a line drawn across the physis was normalized to the physeal width.

Results

A total of 389 radiographs of the distal femur with corresponding Greulich and Pyle bone ages and known chronological ages were measured. Children reached 90% of final height at a mean age of 11.3 years (sd 0.8) for girls and 13.2 years (sd 0.6) for boys. Linear regression analysis showed higher correlation coefficent in predicting the true age at 90% of final height using chronological age + gender + central peak value (R2 = 0.900) than chronological age + gender (R2 = 0.879) and Greulich and Pyle bone age + gender (R2 = 0.878).

Conclusion

Chronological age + gender + central peak value provides more accurate prediction of 90% of final height compared with chronological age + gender and Greulich and Pyle bone age + gender. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1106–11.
Activity levels and return to work after revision total hip and knee arthroplasty in patients under 65 years of age
Authors: Scott C. E. H. , Turnbull G. S. , Powell-Bowns M. F. R. , MacDonald D. J. , Breusch S. J.
Published: July 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify predictors of return to work (RTW) after revision lower limb arthroplasty in patients of working age in the United Kingdom.

Patients and Methods

We assessed 55 patients aged ≤ 65 years after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). There were 43 women and 12 men with a mean age of 54 years (23 to 65). We also reviewed 30 patients after revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There were 14 women and 16 men with a mean age of 58 years (48 to 64). Preoperatively, age, gender, body mass index, social deprivation, mode of failure, length of primary implant survival, work status and nature, activity level (University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score), and Oxford Hip and Knee Scores were recorded. Postoperatively, RTW status, Oxford Hip and Knee Scores, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), UCLA score, and Work, Osteoarthritis and Joint-Replacement Questionnaire (WORQ) scores were obtained. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results

Overall, 95% (52/55) of patients were working before their revision THA. Afterwards, 33% (17/52) RTW by one year, 48% (25/52) had retired, and 19% (10/52) were receiving welfare benefit. RTW was associated with age, postoperative Oxford Hip Score, early THA failure (less than two years), mode of failure dislocation, and contralateral revision (p < 0.05). No patient returned to work after revision for dislocation. Only age remained a significant factor on multivariate analysis (p = 0.003), with 79% (11/14) of those less than 50 years of age returning to work, compared with 16% (6/38) of those aged fifty years or over. Before revision TKA, 93% (28/30) of patients were working. Postoperatively only 7% (2/28) returned to work by one year, 71% (20/28) had retired, and 21% (6/28) were receiving welfare benefits. UCLA scores improved after 43% of revision THAs and 44% of revision TKAs.

Conclusion

After revision THA, age is the most significant predictor of RTW: only 16% of those over 50 years old return to work. Fewer patients return to work after early revision THA and none after revision for dislocation. After revision TKA, patients rarely return to work: none return to heavy or moderate manual work. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1043–53.
Blood-conserving efficacy of multiple doses of oral tranexamic acid associated with an enhanced-recovery programme in primary total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang D. , Wang H-Y. , Luo Z-Y. , Meng W-K. , Pei F-X. , Li Q. , Zhou Z-K. , Zeng W-N.
Published: July 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify the most effective regimen of multiple doses of oral tranexamic acid (TXA) in achieving maximum reduction of blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Patients and Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, 200 patients were randomized to receive a single dose of 2.0 g of TXA orally two hours preoperatively (group A), a single dose of TXA followed by 1.0 g orally three hours postoperatively (group B), a single dose of TXA followed by 1.0 g three and nine hours postoperatively (group C), or a single dose of TXA followed by 1.0 g orally three, nine, and 15 hours postoperatively (group D). All patients followed a routine enhanced-recovery protocol. The primary outcome measure was the total blood loss. Secondary outcome measures were hidden blood loss (HBL), reduction in the level of haemoglobin, the rate of transfusion and adverse events.

Results

Groups C (661.1 ml, sd 262.4) and D (597.7 ml, sd 219.6) had significantly lower mean total blood loss compared with groups A and B. The mean HBL was significantly lower in groups B (699.2 ml), C (533.1 ml) and D (469.9 ml) than in group A (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Groups C (2.22 ml, sd 0.91) and D (2.04 ml, sd 0.95) had a lower reduction in the level of haemoglobin than groups A and B. However, there were no differences between groups C and D in relation to the three parameters.

Conclusion

The addition of two or three postoperative doses of TXA to one preoperative dose produced a significant reduction in blood loss. The two-dose postoperative regimen is the least necessary regimen for clinical efficacy in primary unilateral TKA. The three-dose regimen produced maximum reduction of blood loss. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1025–32.
Characterization of the dysplastic Walch type C glenoid
Authors: Paul R. , Knowles N. , Chaoui J. , Gauci M-O. , Ferreira L. , Walch G. , Athwal G. S.
Published: July 2018

Aims

The Walch Type C dysplastic glenoid is characterized by excessive retroversion. This anatomical study describes its morphology.

Patients and Methods

A total of 29 shoulders with a dysplastic glenoid were analyzed. CT was used to measure retroversion, inclination, height, width, radius-of-curvature, surface area, depth, subluxation of the humeral head and the Goutallier classification of fatty infiltration. The severity of dysplasia and deficiency of the posterior rim of the glenoid were recorded.

Results

A type C glenoid occurred in 1.8% of shoulders referred to our tertiary centres. The mean retroversion, inclination, height, width, radius-of-curvature, surface area, and depth of the glenoid were 37°, 3°, 46 mm, 30 mm, 37°, 1284 mm3, and 16 mm, respectively. The mean posterior subluxation was 90%. The Goutallier class was < 2 in 25 shoulders (86%). Glenoid dysplasia was mild in four, moderate in 14, and severe in 11 shoulders. The typical appearance of the posterior glenoid rim had a rounded or ‘lazy J’ morphology. The glenoid neck was deficient in 18 shoulders (62%).

Conclusion

A dysplastic Type C glenoid characteristically has a uniconcave retroverted morphology, a deficient posteroinferior rim and scapular neck, and a reduced depth. These findings help to define the unique anatomical variations and may aid the planning of surgery and the development of components for these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1074–9.
A comparison of the effect of large and small metal-on-metal bearings in total hip arthroplasty on metal ion levels and the incidence of pseudotumour
Authors: Ando W. , Yasui H. , Yamamoto K. , Oinuma K. , Tokunaga H. , Inaba Y. , Kobayashi N. , Aihara M. , Nakanishi R. , Ohzono K.
Published: July 2018

Aims

The purpose of this study was to compare two different types of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing for total hip arthroplasty (THA): one with a large femoral head (38 mm to 52 mm) and the other with a conventional femoral head (28 mm or 32 mm). We compared clinical outcome, blood metal ion levels, and the incidence of pseudotumour in the two groups.

Patients and Methods

Between December 2009 and December 2011, 62 patients underwent MoM THA with a large femoral head (Magnum group) and 57 patients an MoM THA with a conventional femoral head (conventional group). Clinical outcome was assessed using the Harris Hip score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Blood metal ion levels were measured and MRI scans were analyzed at a minimum of five years postoperatively.

Results

No acetabular component was implanted with more than 50° of inclination in either group. The Harris Hip Score, UCLA activity score, and EQ-5D improved postoperatively in both groups; no significant clinical differences were noted between the groups. The blood cobalt ion levels in the conventional group continued to rise postoperatively to five years while reaching a plateau at two years postoperatively in the Magnum group. At five years, the mean cobalt ion level of 1.16 μg/l (sd 1.32) in the Magnum group was significantly lower than the 3.77 μg/l (sd 9.80) seen in the conventional group (p = 0.0015). The incidence of moderate to severe pseudotumour was 4.7% in the Magnum group and 20.6% in the conventional group. There were no dislocations in the Magnum group and two in the conventional group. One patient in the Magnum group underwent revision for pseudotumour at 4.7 years postoperatively.

Conclusion

At five years, a well-positioned large head MoM THA has a significantly lower level of metal ion release and a lower incidence of moderate to severe pseudotumour than a MoM bearing of conventional size. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1018–24.
ADAPTACIÓN DE LA PRUEBA TIMSS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA COMPETENCIA MATEMÁTICA EN ALUMNOS DE MAGISTERIO
Authors: Arteaga Martínez Blanca , Navarro Asencio Enrique , Fraile Rey Arántzazu , Ramos Alonso Pedro
Published: July 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. La base del conocimiento pedagógico que un maestro debe tener respecto a las matemáticas se sustenta de una manera especial en el conocimiento que tiene de los contenidos de la materia. El objetivo de este trabajo es la elaboración de una prueba de diagnóstico de habilidades matemáticas, a partir de la selección y adaptación de algunos de los ítems del Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) de 2011, así como los aspectos técnicos desde la aplicación del modelo de Rasch. MÉTODO. Los ítems de la prueba elaborada se seleccionaron siguiendo la estructura original de bloques de contenido y dominio cognitivo establecida en el marco de TIMSS 2011 (Mullis, Martin, Ruddock, O’Sullivan y Preuschoff, 2009). El procedimiento de traducción y adaptación se ha desarrollado con el objetivo de garantizar una mayor validez lingüística. El estudio se ha realizado con una muestra de 477 estudiantes del primer curso de universidades de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Estos estudiantes estaban matriculados en el primer año de los diferentes grados de Magisterio de Educación Primaria. RESULTADOS. Los 30 ítems seleccionados han sido de dos tipologías, ítems de respuesta seleccionada e ítems de respuesta construida. Dadas estas características particulares en el formato ha sido necesario estudiar la fiabilidad de la corrección realizada por los evaluadores para garantizar la concordancia en su corrección. DISCUSIÓN. El modelo de Rasch utilizado para la validación de la prueba nos ha permitido generar evidencias que demuestran un alto grado de confiabilidad, señalando las diferencias de comportamiento de los ítems de respuesta seleccionada y de respuesta construida (elementos que requieren que los estudiantes construyan su propia respuesta escrita). El modelo nos ha permitido una clasificación de los resultados de los ítems por nivel de dificultad, hecho que facilita una interpretación de los resultados de acuerdo a los dominios de contenido y cognitivo.
Case Study 2: Cabinet of Curiosity
Authors: Burns Tom , Sinfield Sandra , Abegglen Sandra
Published: July 2018

This is Case Study 2 of 5, as introduced in ‘Regenring academic writing’ on pp. 181–90, which includes an overview of the context across all five pieces.
O TURISMO ÉTNICO E A CULTURA INDÍGENA COMO ATRATIVO TURÍSTICO: Um Estudo sobre a Reserva Indígena de Dourados/MS
Authors: Falcão Victória Rui , Pimentel Juliana Maria Vaz
Published: July 2018

Será abordado no presente artigo o desenvolvimento do turismo étnico que verifica-se em diversas comunidades indígenas como atrativo turístico. Para a análise da temática em questão realizamos um recorte territorial, ou seja, será pesquisado mais especificamente a Reserva Indígena de Dourados, localizada no Mato Grosso do Sul. Além disso, este artigo tem como objetivo refletir as mudanças que a aplicação deste tipo de atividade pode trazer para a população indígena estudada e a forma com que estes reagem sob a forma como turismo é realizado em seu território. Nessa fase inicial da pesquisa nos pautaremos em referenciais teóricos voltados a questões referentes ao turismo étnico, aos indígenas, sua inclusão na atividade turística e em estudos específicos sobre o turismo desenvolvido na Reserva Indígena de Dourados (MS).
TURISMO E MUSEUS: Análise Comparativa da Demanda Turística (2011-2016) do Museu Imperial/RJ
Authors: Godoy Karla Estelita , Leite Iasmim da Silva , Brazo Dionísio de Almeida
Published: July 2018

O Grupo de Pesquisa Turismo, Cultura e Sociedade (T-Cult) da Universidade Federal Fluminense, desde 2011, entre alguns de seus projetos, busca analisar o potencial turístico dos museus. Para isso, realiza estudos sobre a demanda turística dos museus federais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os quais está o Museu Imperial, localizado em Petrópolis, na Região Serrana, que fez parte da primeira edição da pesquisa do T-Cult, em 2011. Assim, em 2016, o grupo retornou à instituição vinculada ao IBRAM/MinC para realizar um comparativo dos dados coletados em 2011, antes da Copa do Mundo de 2014, com os dados de 2016, obtidos anteriormente aos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa é de natureza exploratória e se utilizou de metodologia investigativa de demanda turística. Por meio dos resultados alcançados, foi possível analisar o perfil do turista, o contexto sociocultural da visita e sua percepção sobre a qualidade do Museu Imperial como atrativo cultural.
Age and sex epidemiology of obesity
Authors: Menshikova Larisa V. , Babanskaya Evgenia B.
Published: July 2018

Background. Obesity by prevalence is equated to non-infectious epidemic. Conduction of epidemiological studies in different regions allows to assess the scale of the problem, to form and implement a program aimed at reducing this risk factor.
Aim. To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population of the city of Irkutsk depending on gender and age.
Matherials and methods. The data of the survey of a representative sample of the adult population of Irkutsk, consisting of 3510 people, are analyzed. Based on the calculated BMI, a group of respondents with an overweight and obesity was identified.
Results. The average age of respondents with a BMI over 25 kg/m2 was higher than average age in the population 48 and 40 years. The prevalence of BMI over 25 kg/m2 was diagnosed in 1551 respondents (44,2%): women 47.2% of men and 40.3% of the. Overweight was found in 27.8 %, obesity at 16.4%. While being overweight were more often registered in men, 29.8% and 26.2% and obesity in women is 21% and 10.5%.
Conclusions. In the adult population of Irkutsk, we found a significant prevalence of overweight and obesity and determined its sex and age characteristics.
Analysis of the actual nutrition of the female population of Novosibirsk, depending on the magnitude of the glycemic index of their diet
Authors: Kuntsevich Aleksandr K. , Mustafina Svetlana V. , Verevkin Evgenii G. , Shcherbakova Liliia V. , Rymar Oksana D.
Published: July 2018

Background. When choosing foods rich in carbohydrates, it is important to consider not only their chemical composition, but also the ability to influence the level of postprandial blood glucose (glycemic response). A qualitative indicator of this ability is the glycemic index (GI) of a carbohydrate-containing product. Recently, there have been some evidences that control of GI nutrition can be important for prevention and nutrition therapy of metabolic disorders.
Aim. To determine of the magnitude of the glycemic index (GI) of actual nutrition in women in Novosibirsk, and the study of the connection with metabolism and obesity.
Material and methods. The study was designed as cross-sectional research and was carried out within the framework of the international HAPIEE project on a random representative sample of the unorganized population of Novosibirsk, 4397 women, the average age was 57.7 7.1, without diabetes. For the calculation of GI nutrition, the International Table of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load (2008) were used. The frequency method was used to evaluate the actual nutrition. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) criteria were used in accordance with the Russian National Recommendations of the GEF (2009), as well as with the international recommendations of NCEP ATP III (2001) and JIS (2009). Statistical processing of data was carried out using the SPSS 13.0 software package (Bonferroni criterion in the GLM procedure). The odds ratio (OR) was estimated using binary logistic regression in quartiles of the glycemic index. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
Results. The GI of women's nutrition was on average low and amounted to 53.1 units. In the quartiles of the GI OR, the MS for all the criteria used was not significantly different. In the quartiles of the body mass index (BMI) in women with GI in the group with normal body weight (BMI = 23.3 kg/m2) was significantly higher by 0.9 units (p 0.001) compared with the obese group (BMI = 37.3 kg/m2). The diet was unbalanced and did not meet the recommendation in all groups of women studied. It was noted a significant reduction in the group with obesity 1.6 times the value of total caloric intake per 1 kg of body weight.
Conclusions. Nutrition of women in Novosibirsk is unbalanced, with increased consumption of fat and inadequate intake of carbohydrates. The GI value is close to the GI nutrition of the population of European countries. The presence of a connection between the GI nutrition of women with a metabolic disorder in the sample of the population was not established.
Associations of sex hormones with components of insulin-glucose homeostasis
Authors: Tsygankova Oksana V. , Badin Artur R. , Bondareva Zoya G. , Lozhkina Natalya G. , Platonov Dmitrii Y.
Published: July 2018

In this literature review, an attempt is made to analyze the interrelationships of the main sex hormones with the processes of development and progression of insulin resistance as a fundamental pathogenetic component of insulin-glucose homeostasis. In the evaluation of sex steroids, a complex approach was used - the associations of both androgens and estrogens in males and females are described in detail, a great deal of attention is paid to the violation of the secretion and effectiveness of the main adipocytokines - leptin and adiponectin in the sex hormone-insulin-glucose interaction chain. At the end of the review, new data on the expression of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT) and glucose transporters (GLUT) in animals, depending on sex, are presented.
Modern concepts of the pathogenesis of obesity and new approaches to its correction
Authors: Logvinova Oksana V. , Poydasheva Alexandra G. , Bakulin Ilya S. , Lagoda Olga V. , Kremneva Elena I. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Mazurina Natalya V. , Suponeva Natalia A. , Tanashyan Marine M. , Dedov Ivan I. , Piradov Michael A.
Published: July 2018

The present review considers modern concepts of the physiological mechanisms of the formation of food behavior in a norm at several levels, beginning with the cellular level and ending with the level of functional systems. Neuroimaging methods used for both the study of the pathophysiological foundations of eating disorders and for determining the target for neurostimulation techniques are described. Methods of non-invasive brain stimulation such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial electrical stimulation, the mechanisms of their influence and aspects of safety of application are reviewed, the latest data on the results of studies on the use of the above methods in the therapy of obesity are summarized.
Therapy of obesity by sibutramin: polymorphisms of TPH2 and GNB3 genes and decrease of body weight
Authors: Galieva Marina O. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Mazurina Nataliya V. , Volynkina Anna P. , Artiushin Andrey V. , Pavlova Anastasia S.
Published: July 2018

Aims. To study of the polymorphisms of the TPN2 and GNB3 genes in obese patients and their effect on weight loss in patients on sibutramine therapy.
Materials and methods. The research study included 118 patients with exogenous-constitutional obesity who received Reduxin (sibutramine + CMC) at the dose of 10 mg. Term follow-up was 3 months. A genetic study was performed to assess ТРН2 and GNB3 gene polymorphisms. The response to the therapy was evaluated after 3 months by the dynamics of body weight.
Results. In the study the G703T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene showed that during 3 months of observation, carriers of the TT genotype had a greater decrease in body weight in comparison with carriers of the allele C -8 kg (-12; -5) vs. -5 kg (-8; -3), p = 0.018. In carriers of different variants of the genotype of the TPH2 gene (polymorphism C825T), there was no difference in body weight dynamics with sibutramine therapy. There was no correlation between the foresaid polymorphisms of the TPH2 and GNB3 genes with the indices of blood pressure and heart rate.
Conclusions. 1. The result of sibutramin therapy may depend on genetic factors: in carriers of the TT-genotype C825T of the GNB3 gene the body weight loss was higher than among the carriers of the C allele. 2. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not show any statistically significant relationship with polymorphisms of the TPH2 and GNB3 genes.
Enhancing data transfer architecture using LSB steganography combined with reed solomon code
Authors: A. Jassim H , K. Taha Z , A. Alsaedi M , M. Albaker B
Published: July 2018

In this paper, new steganographic systems employing least significant bit technique and wavelet transform for embedding are proposed. These systems incorporate threshold level technique to enhance the performance of embedding scheme. Further, Forward error correcting code is used to improve the system performance. In the proposed system, the cover image is a gray image and the wavelet transform is applied directly. The secret image is coded using Reed Solomon code for preparing to embedding process. The locations of embedding are randomly selected according to pseudorandom number sequence. The combination between the ciphering process and steganography gives the system high level of security. This idea makes unauthorized retrieval is difficult. The simulation results show that the stego image is visually similar to the original one and does not have any suspension about embedded image. The extracted secret image is similar to the original secret image. The results indicate that using one-level Haar wavelet transform increases the capacity of the secret image that can be embedded. Hence, the steganographic goals are achieved in these systems. The proposed systems are simulated using MATLAB® software package.
Nitrate contamination in groundwater agricultural of Samno and Elzegan area, Fazan region, Libya
Authors: Mohamed Daw Mabroka , Ramadan Ali Elhadi , Ekhwan Toriman Mohd
Published: July 2018

This paper study explores the groundwater nitrate pollution associated with agricultural activities in Samno and Elzegan areas, Libya. The study’s main aim is to evaluate the condition of groundwater agricultural in the study area. 40 water samples were collected from forty established wells used of daily domestic and public utilities from first of January to end of July 2014 the samples were collected subjected from different aquifer levels and depths. The water samples’ NO3 concentration was measured using the hack-spectrophotometer nitrate test. The findings revealed that a major portion of the groundwater samples had a significant NO3 concentration; only 12.5% wells were recorded at the saver level. Meanwhile, 87% wells were recorded as polluted with NO3, 27.5 % wells were in severing level and 60% wells were recorded as slightly to moderate levels. The main sources of NO3 in the groundwater come from an excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This study recommends that most of the wells operated within the study areas are not suitable for any household or agricultural purposes.
The development of simulation model on environmental uncertainty factors for interval project completion
Authors: Baharum Zirawani , Rao Venkatesan Yuvendra , Nabila Mohd Raidzuan Syazwa , Imran Qureshi Muhammad
Published: July 2018

The construction industry has many underlying causes of uncertainty that has impact on late delivery of project completion's performance as well as in time management. The issue on uncertainty delays directly impact the project performance that leads into unnecessary time extension. The objective of the research is the way to create a valid model towards the environmental uncertainty factors. Therefore, this research is conducted to identify the impact of environmental issues which affect the period of project completion using the Witness software system. A literature review revealed the types of other uncertainty factors that affect the project completion by using other software’s such as Monte Carlo analysis and relative important index. This research is intended to measure the impact of each environmental factor using the Witness software system by evaluating their significant level of each. The significant level of the factors was determined by using the SPSS statistics software tools. The model will help to manage the time and costing factors by reducing the main impact from the environment. This will aid all project contractors in managing their resources and time utilities.
Evaluating critical success factors and level of challenges in project life cycle (PLC)
Authors: Hassan Sallaudin , Farhana Natasha , Aishah Siti , Mahirah Siti , Firdaus  Jimisiah. J Khairul
Published: July 2018

This research aims to evaluate the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of project management and  to assess the level of challenges at each steps in Project Life Cycle (PLC). Five Independent Variable (IV)  is been selected as Critical Success Factors which is Leadership, Effective Communication, Teamwork,  Organization and Project Nature. There are four main stage in project which is Defining, Planning,  Executing and Closure. The scope of this research is on projects/events   conducted under Student  Development and Campus Life Style (SDCL). Five projects has been selected for assessment in this research.  Survey questionnaire is been used as primary data collection. LIKERT Scale is been used to rank the answer from respondents. 50 respondents are involve in this research. Data is analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Result shows that the most critical success factors in project is Team Work while the least Critical Success Factor is Leadership. Meanwhile, the most challenges stage in project management is Executing, while the least challenges stage is Defining. The finding in this research is considered important discovery. More efforts should be focus on identified Critical Success Factor and the most challenges stage in Project Life Cycle.  It is suggested that the scope of study to be extended to other universities or industries in future research.
Solving parallel machine scheduling problem with release dates using genetic algorithm
Authors: Suppiah Yasothei , Angusamy Ajitha , Wei Wei Goh , Bt Ismail Noradzilah
Published: July 2018

This research deals with a scheduling problem for parallel machines environment to minimize total weighted tardiness with the consideration of sequence dependent setup times and release dates. There are two research questions that need to be addressed: 1) How to allocate jobs on machines ?  2) How to sequence jobs on each machine? Therefore, this research aims to find an efficient solution method that answers the research questions with the goal of minimizing the total weighted tardiness with the presence of sequence dependent setup times. Due to the complexity of the problem at hand, the authors have developed genetic algorithm to find a solution to this problem. Furthermore, various dispatching rules were used to enhance the performance of the genetic algorithm in terms of the total weighted tardiness value.