bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underwater small target detection under YOLOv8-LA model
Authors: Qu Shenming , Cui Can , Duan Jiale , Lu Yongyong , Pang Zilong
Published: July 2024

In the realm of marine environmental engineering, the swift and accurate detection of underwater targets is of considerable significance. Recently, methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been applied to enhance the detection of such targets. However, deep neural networks usually require a large number of parameters, resulting in slow processing speed. Meanwhile, existing methods present challenges in accurate detection when facing small and densely arranged underwater targets. To address these issues, we propose a new neural network model, YOLOv8-LA, for improving the detection performance of underwater targets. First, we design a Lightweight Efficient Partial Convolution (LEPC) module to optimize spatial feature extraction by selectively processing input channels to improve efficiency and significantly reduce redundant computation and storage requirements. Second, we developed the AP-FasterNet architecture for small targets that are commonly found in underwater datasets. By integrating depth-separable convolutions with different expansion rates into FasterNet, AP-FasterNet enhances the model’s ability to capture detailed features of small targets. Finally, we integrate the lightweight and efficient content-aware reorganization (CARAFE) up-sampling operation into YOLOv8 to enhance the model performance by aggregating contextual information over a large perceptual field and mitigating information loss during up-sampling.Evaluation results on the URPC2021 dataset show that the YOLOv8-LA model achieves 84.7% mean accuracy (mAP) on a single Nvidia GeForce RTX 3090 and operates at 189.3 frames per second (FPS), demonstrating that it outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of performance. This result demonstrates the model’s ability to ensure high detection accuracy while maintaining real-time processing capabilities.
Global burden of anticancer drug-induced acute kidney injury and tubulointerstitial nephritis from 1967 to 2023
Authors: Yoon Soo-Young , Lee Sooji , Lee Kyeongmin , Kim Jin Sug , Hwang Hyeon Seok , Kronbichler Andreas , Jacob Louis , Shin Ju-Young , Lee Jin A. , Park Jaeyu , Lee Hyeri , Lee Hayeon , Jeong Kyunghwan , Yon Dong Keon
Published: July 2024

This study aims to figure out the worldwide prevalence of anticancer therapy-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and the relative risk of each cancer drug. We conducted an analysis of VigiBase, the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, 1967–2023 via disproportionate Bayesian reporting method. We further categorized the anticancer drugs into four groups: cytotoxic therapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) compares observed and expected values to investigate the associations of each category of anticancer drugs with AKI and TIN. We identified 32,722 and 2056 reports (male, n = 17,829 and 1,293) of anticancer therapy-associated AKI and TIN, respectively, among 4,592,036 reports of all-drug caused AKI and TIN. There has been a significant increase in reports since 2010, primarily due to increased reports of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy exhibited a significant association with both AKI (ROR: 8.92; IC0.25: 3.06) and TIN (21.74; 4.24), followed by cytotoxic therapy (7.14; 2.68), targeted therapy (5.83; 2.40), and hormone therapy (2.59; 1.24) for AKI, and by cytotoxic therapy (2.60; 1.21) and targeted therapy (1.54; 0.61) for TIN. AKI and TIN were more prevalent among individuals under 45 years of age, with a female preponderance for AKI and males for TIN. These events were reported in close temporal relationship after initiation of the respective drug (16.53 days for AKI and 27.97 days for TIN), and exhibited a high fatality rate, with 23.6% for AKI and 16.3% for TIN. These findings underscore that kidney-related adverse drug reactions are of prognostic significance and strategies to mitigate such side effects are required to optimize anticancer therapy.
Tannic acid coating gauze immobilized with thrombin with ultra-high coagulation activity and antimicrobial property for uncontrollable hemorrhage
Authors: Ye Jian , Shi Chenyang , Lan Jian , Chen Qingqing , Si Qin , Xu Panpan , Zhang Xijiang , Zheng Cheng
Published: July 2024

Rapid and safe hemostasis is crucial for the survival of bleeding patients in prehospital care. It is urgent to develop high performance hemostatic material to control the massive hemorrhage in the military field and accidental trauma. In this work, an efficient protein hemostat of thrombin was immobilized onto commercial gauze, which was mediated by self-polymerization and anchoring of tannic acid (TA). Through TA treatment, the efficient immobilization of thrombin was achieved, preserving both the biological activity of thrombin and the physical properties of the dressing, including absorbency, breathability, and mechanical performance. Moreover, in the presence of TA coating and thrombin, Gau@TA/Thr could obviously shortened clotting time and enriched blood components such as plasma proteins, platelets, and red blood cells, thereby exhibiting an enhanced in vitro coagulation effect. In SD rat liver volume defect and artery transection hemorrhage models, Gau@TA/Thr still had outstanding hemostatic performance. Besides, the Gau@TA/Thr gauze had inherent antibacterial property and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. All results suggested that Gau@TA/Thr would be a potential candidate for treating uncontrollable hemorrhage in prehospital care.
Establishment of an in vitro choroid complex system for vascular response screening
Authors: Jeong Heonuk , Lee Deokho , Negishi Kazuno , Tsubota Kazuo , Kurihara Toshihide
Published: July 2024

The choroid, a vascularized tissue situated between the retina and the sclera, plays a crucial role in maintaining ocular homeostasis. Despite its significance, research on choroidal abnormalities and the establishment of effective in vitro models have been limited. In this study, we developed an in vitro choroid model through the co-culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and mouse choroidal fibroblasts (msCFs) with hiPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells via a permeable membrane. This model, inclusive of ECs, CFs, and RPE cells, exhibited similarities with in vivo choroidal vessels, as confirmed through immunohistochemistry of extracellular matrix markers and vascular-related markers, as well as choroid angiogenesis sprouting assay analysis. The effectiveness of our in vitro model was demonstrated in assessing vascular changes induced by drugs targeting vasoregulation. Our model offers a valuable tool for gaining insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying choroid development and the progression of choroidal vascular diseases.
Mimicking classical noise in ion channels by quantum decoherence
Authors: Seifi Mina , Soltanmanesh Ali , Shafiee Afshin
Published: July 2024

The mechanism of selectivity in ion channels is still an open question in biology. Recent studies suggest that the selectivity filter may exhibit quantum coherence, which could help explain how ions are selected and conducted. However, environmental noise causes decoherence and loss of quantum effects. It is hoped that the effect of classical noise on ion channels can be modeled using the framework provided by quantum decoherence theory. In this paper, the behavior of the ion channel system was simulated using two models: the Spin–Boson model and the stochastic Hamiltonian model under classical noise. Additionally, using a different approach, the system’s evolution was modeled as a two-level Spin–Boson model with tunneling, interacting with a bath of harmonic oscillators, based on decoherence theory. We investigated under what conditions the decoherence model approaches and deviates from the noise model. Specifically, we examined Gaussian noise and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise in our model. Gaussian noise shows a very good agreement with the decoherence model. By examining the results, it was found that the Spin–Boson model at a high hopping rate of potassium ions can simulate the behavior of the system in the classical noise approach for Gaussian noise.
Association of volatile organic compound levels with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in NHANES 2013–2016
Authors: Liu Xiangliang , Chang Yu , Xu Chengyao , Li Yuguang , Wang Yao , Sun Yao , Duan Meilin , Li Wei , Cui Jiuwei
Published: July 2024

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a significant component of air pollution. However, studies evaluating the impact of VOC exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have predominantly focused on single pollutant models. This study aims to comprehensively assess the relationship between multiple VOC exposures and COPD. A large cross-sectional study was conducted on 4983 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Four models, including weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), and the dual-pollution model, were used to explore the association between blood VOC levels and the prevalence of COPD in the U.S. general population. Additionally, six machine learning algorithms were employed to develop a predictive model for COPD risk, with the model’s predictive capacity assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) indices. Elevated blood concentrations of benzene, toluene, ortho-xylene, and para-xylene were significantly associated with the incidence of COPD. RCS analysis further revealed a non-linear and non-monotonic relationship between blood levels of toluene and m-p-xylene with COPD prevalence. WQS regression indicated that different VOCs had varying effects on COPD, with benzene and ortho-xylene having the greatest weights. Among the six models, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model demonstrated the strongest predictive power, with an AUC value of 0.781. Increased blood concentrations of benzene and toluene are significantly correlated with a higher prevalence of COPD in the U.S. population, demonstrating a non-linear relationship. Exposure to environmental VOCs may represent a new risk factor in the etiology of COPD.
Immune cell landscapes are associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer survival
Authors: Zhang Guoan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jingjing , Yang Xiaohui , Sun Wenjie , Liu Ying , Liu Yingfu
Published: July 2024

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is an aggressive disease known to develop resistance to chemotherapy. We investigated the prognostic significance of tumor cell states and potential mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance in HGSOC. Transcriptome deconvolution was performed to address cellular heterogeneity. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted to illustrate the outcomes of patients with varying cellular abundances. The association between gene expression and chemotherapy response was tested. After adjusting for surgery status and grading, several cell states exhibited a significant correlation with patient survival. Cell states can organize into carcinoma ecotypes (CE). CE9 and CE10 were proinflammatory, characterized by higher immunoreactivity, and were associated with favorable survival outcomes. Ratios of cell states and ecotypes had better prognostic abilities than a single cell state or ecotype. A total of 1265 differentially expressed genes were identified between samples with high and low levels of C9 or CE10. These genes were partitioned into three co-expressed modules, which were associated with tumor cells and immune cells. Pogz was identified to be linked with immune cell genes and the chemotherapy response of paclitaxel. Collectively, the survival of HGSOC patients is correlated with specific cell states and ecotypes.
Biodegradability of unheated and laboratory heated dissolved organic matter
Authors: Promi Saraf Islam , Gardner Courtney M. , Hohner Amanda K.
Published: July 2024

Heated dissolved organic matter (DOM) was more biodegradable than unheated DOM which may have implications for aquatic biogeochemical cycling and water quality in fire-impacted watersheds.
SA-ODG platform: a semi-automated and PCR-free method to analyse microRNAs in solid tissues
Authors: Detassis S. , Precazzini F. , Brentari I. , Ruffilli R. , Ress C. , Maglione A. , Pernagallo S. , Denti M. A.
Published: July 2024

Semi-automated and PCR-free tool to analyse microRNAs in solid tissues.
Novel flexible magnetoelastic biosensor based on PDMS/FeSiB/QD composite film for the detection of African swine fever virus P72 protein
Authors: Liu Yuanhang , Sang Shengbo , Zhao Dong , Ge Yang , Xue Juanjuan , Duan Qianqian , Guo Xing
Published: July 2024

A novel flexible magnetoelastic biosensor based on PDMS/FeSiB/QDs was proposed to detect the P72 protein of African swine fever virus. The novel assay shows high sensitivity, stability and selectivity for ASFV detection.
β-Carboline-based light and pH dual stimuli-responsive ion transporters induce cancer cell death
Authors: Kar Mrinal Kanti , Mahata Rumpa , Srimayee Soumya , Haloi Nandan , Kumar Rahul , Lindahl Erik , Santra Manas Kumar , Manna Debasis
Published: July 2024

Light and pH dual-responsive ion transporters offer better applicability for cancer due to higher tunability and low cytotoxicity.
Rapid nucleation and optimal surface–ligand interaction stabilize wurtzite MnSe
Authors: Rashmi  , Sharma Shilendra Kumar , Chaudhary Vivek , Pala Raj Ganesh S. , Sivakumar Sri
Published: July 2024

Carboxylate, along with a double bond attached to the surface of Wurtzite/NNS and reduces the surface energy, which increases the activation barrier and promotes the stabilization of NNS.
Automated prediction of ground state spin for transition metal complexes
Authors: Cho Yuri , Laplaza Ruben , Vela Sergi , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: July 2024

We develop a general approach to predict the ground state spin of transition metal complexes directly from crystal structures with 98% accuracy, thus enabling the automated use of crystallographic data in large-scale quantum chemical computations.
Cu(ii) inhibited the transport of tetracycline in porous media: role of complexation
Authors: Xu Chang , Gong Bo , Zhao Shan , Sun Xiao-Min , Wang Shu-Guang , Song Chao
Published: July 2024

The coexisting Cu(ii) inhibited the transport of tetracycline in the quartz sand mainly via electrostatic force and complexation. Strong van der Waals forces and coordination bonds between complexes and SiO2 lead to high adsorption energy.
Development of a magnified sunlight responsive shape memory bio-composite: effects of titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles on a bio-based benzoxazine/epoxy copolymer
Authors: Joseph Anandraj , Lawan Ibrahim , Charoensuk Krittapas , Luengrojanakul Panuwat , Mora Phattarin , Ahn Cheol-Hee , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: July 2024

This study uniquely explored the effects of titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles on shape memory performance of a bio-based copolymer using sunlight irradiation stimulus.
Frontiers in stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms: pioneering drug delivery in nanobiotechnology
Authors: Cruz Juan C. , Reyes Luis H.
Published: July 2024

Prof. Juan C. Cruz and Prof. Luis H. Reyes introduce the Nanoscale Advances themed issue on Frontiers in Stimuli-Responsive Nanoplatforms: Pioneering Drug Delivery in Nanobiotechnology.
Photoassisted self-Fenton-like activity of oxygen vacancy-rich iron oxychloride nanofibers
Authors: Indujalekshmi J. , Biju V.
Published: July 2024

Photoassisted self-Fenton-like catalytic activity is achieved using oxygen vacancy-rich FeOCl nanofibers via in situ production of H2O2 by the oxygen reduction reaction.
A ratiometric fluorescence method based on silicon nanoparticles/o-phenylenediamine/MnO2 nanosheet systems for vitamin C detection
Authors: Pan Congjie , Lu Meicheng , Ma Longfei , Wu Mingxia
Published: July 2024

A novel ratiometric fluorescence method based on a SiNPs/OPD/MnO2 probe was developed for sensitive detection of vitamin C.
DNA origami-templated gold nanorod dimer nanoantennas: enabling addressable optical hotspots for single cancer biomarker SERS detection
Authors: Sharma Mridu , Kaur Charanleen , Singhmar Priyanka , Rai Shikha , Sen Tapasi
Published: July 2024

Label-free detection of single molecule of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is achieved through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) utilizing precisely engineered DNA origami-templated gold nanorod (Au NR) dimers.
Ferroelectric modulation of CuCo2O4 nanorods for controllable alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , Wang Jing , Sun Qiyan , Cao Fuyuan , Xu Guang-Rui , Miao Yu , Zhang Chuanfang , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Polarized CuCo2O4 nanorods exhibit excellent electrocatalytic water-splitting performance due to their large surface areas and fast electron transfer.
Substrate-induced phase transition within liquid condensates reverses the catalytic activity of nanoparticles
Authors: Rose S. M. , Bedi Silky , Rakshit Sabyasachi , Sinha Sharmistha
Published: July 2024

Substrate concentration induced modulation of reaction rates inside catalytic condensates.
Two-dimensional covalent organic framework-based hybrid nanosheets for electrochemical detection of 5-fluorouracil and uracil in biofluids
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Zhiyang , Wu Xiaowei , Wei Shanyue , Xie Yiming , Chen Jing , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: July 2024

A 2D covalent organic framework (COF), supramolecule cucurbit[8]uril, and an AuNP-based electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of 5-fluorouracil and uracil, in concentrated biofluids, holding promise for practical sensing.
Analytical quality by design approach to develop an eco-friendly RP-HPLC method for estimation of irbesartan in chitosan polymeric nanoparticles: forced degradation studies and assessment of in vitro release mathematical modelling
Authors: Gopalaiah Sinchana B , Jayaseelan Kavitha
Published: July 2024

Stability indicating eco-friendly AQbD assisted RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Irbesartan chitosan nanoparticles and assessment of in vitro release mathematical modelling.
Straightforward synthesis of complex polymeric architectures with ultra-high chain density
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Janata Miroslav , Čadová Eva , Raus Vladimír
Published: July 2024

The application of trichloroacetyl isocyanate (TAI) adducts as initiators of copper-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Cu-RDRP) unlocks straightforward access to complex polymeric architectures with ultra-high chain density.
Redox-active conductive metal–organic framework with high lithium capacities at low temperatures
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Kim Tae Hyeong , Subiyanto Iyan , Devina Winda , Byun Segi , Nandy Subhajit , Chae Keun Hwa , Lim Suim , Kim Bumjin , Kang Sanghui , Han Seong Ok , Yim Kanghoon , Yoo Jungjoon , Kim Hyunuk
Published: July 2024

A novel 1D fluoro-thianthrene (TATH)-based redox-active metal–organic frameworks (denoted as SKIER-5) was introduced as a highly stable wide-range temperature anode material for lithium storage.
Sodium 4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide-based single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte incorporating molecular transporters for quasi-solid-state sodium batteries
Authors: Wunder Clemens , Lai Thanh-Loan , Šić Edina , Gutmann Torsten , De Vito Eric , Buntkowsky Gerd , Zarrabeitia Maider , Passerini Stefano
Published: July 2024

A sodium salt monomer-based single-ion polymer electrolyte was designed, and as proof of concept, a quasi-solid-state sodium–metal cell, using Prussian White cathode, was manufactured, which delivers a capacity of 147 mA h g−1.
Catalytic ignition of N(CN)2− ionic liquid-H2O2 with zero-dimensional Cu-MOFs
Authors: Cheng Qing , Yao Yuan , Dou Peihao , Liu Long , Cao Yingying , Zhang Yanqiang
Published: July 2024

Zero-dimensional Cu-MOFs 3–4 could make the N(CN)2− IL and H2O2 from non-hypergolic to self-ignition.
Machine learning-assisted 3D printing of thermoelectric materials of ultrahigh performances at room temperature
Authors: Song Kaidong , Xu Guoyue , Tanvir Ali Newaz Mohammad , Wang Ke , Bappy Md Omarsany , Yang Haijian , Shang Wenjie , Zhou Le , Dowling Alexander W. , Luo Tengei , Zhang Yanliang
Published: July 2024

Optimized via machine learning, extrusion printed thermoelectric materials (BiSbTe) achieve an ultrahigh zT of 1.3 at room temperature.
d-Peptide cell culture scaffolds with enhanced antibacterial and controllable release properties
Authors: Tian Yu , Hou Yangqian , Tian Jiakun , Zheng Jin , Xiao Zeyu , Hu Jun , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2024

This study presents a protease-resistant d-peptide hydrogel that sustainedly releases antibacterial peptides, offering potential applications in cell culture and combating bacterial infections.
Introduction to stimuli responsive materials for biomedical applications
Authors: Monroe Mary Beth B. , Singh N. D. Pradeep , Zhao Yanli
Published: July 2024

Mary Beth B. Monroe, N. D. Pradeep Singh, and Yanli Zhao introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry B themed collection on stimuli responsive materials for biomedical applications.
Assessing Relative Linguistic Impairment With Model-Based Item Selection
Authors: Walker Grant M. , Fridriksson Julius , Hickok Gregory
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

A picture naming test is presented that reveals impairment to specific mechanisms involved in the naming process, using accuracy scores on curated item sets. A series of psychometric validation experiments are reported.

Method:

Using a computational model that enables estimation of item difficulty at the lexical and sublexical stages of word retrieval, two complimentary sets of items were constructed that challenge the respective psycholinguistic levels of representation. The difference in accuracy between these item sets yields the relative linguistic impairment (RLI) score. In a cohort of 91 people with chronic left-hemisphere stroke who enrolled in a clinical trial for anomia, we assessed psychometric properties of the RLI score and then used the new scale to make predictions about other language behaviors, lesion distributions, and functional activation during naming.

Results:

RLI scores had adequate psychometric properties for clinical significance. RLI scores contained predictive information about spontaneous speech fluency, over and above accuracy. A dissociation was observed between performance on the RLI item sets and performance on the subtests of an independent language battery. Sublexical RLI was significantly associated with apraxia of speech and with lesions encompassing perisylvian regions, while lexical RLI was associated with lesions to deep white matter. The RLI construct was reflected in functional brain activity during naming, independent of overall accuracy, with a respective shift of activation between dorsal and ventral networks responsible for different aspects of word retrieval.

Conclusion:

The RLI assessment satisfies the psychometric requirements to serve as a useful clinical measure.
Speak Up: How Hearing Loss and the Lack of Hearing Aids Affect Conversations in Quiet
Authors: Petersen Eline Borch , Parker Daniel
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The study examines the effect of hearing loss and hearing aid (HA) amplification on the conversational dynamics between hearing-impaired (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) interlocutors. Combining data from the current and a prior study, we explore how the speech levels of both interlocutors correlate and relate to HI interlocutors' degree of hearing loss.

Method:

Sixteen pairs of younger NH and elderly HI interlocutors conversed in quiet, with the HI interlocutor either unaided or wearing HAs. We analyzed the effect of hearing status and HA amplification on the conversational dynamics, including turn-taking times (floor-transfer offsets), utterance lengths, and speech levels. Furthermore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the speech levels using combined data sets from the current and previously published data by Petersen, MacDonald, and Sørensen (2022).

Results:

Unaided HI interlocutors were slower and more variable at timing their turns, but wearing HAs reduced the differences between the HI and NH interlocutors. Conversations were less interactive, and pairs were slower at solving the conversational tasks when the HI interlocutor was unaided. Both interlocutors spoke louder when the HI interlocutor was unaided. The speech level of the NH interlocutors was related to that of the HI interlocutors, with the HI speech levels also correlating with their own degree of hearing loss.

Conclusions:

Despite typically being unchallenging for HI individuals, one-on-one conversations in quiet were impacted by the HI interlocutor not wearing HAs. Additionally, combining data sets revealed that NH interlocutors adjusted their speech level to match that of HI interlocutors.
BFT‐Net: A transformer‐based boundary feedback network for kidney tumour segmentation
Authors: Zheng Tianyu , Xu Chao , Li Zhengping , Nie Chao , Xu Rubin , Jiang Minpeng , Li Leilei
Published: July 2024

Kidney tumours are among the top ten most common tumours, the automatic segmentation of medical images can help locate tumour locations. However, the segmentation of kidney tumour images still faces several challenges: firstly, there is a lack of renal tumour endoscopic datasets and no segmentation techniques for renal tumour endoscopic images; secondly, the intra‐class inconsistency of tumours caused by variations in size, location, and shape of renal tumours; thirdly, difficulty in semantic fusion during decoding; and finally, the issue of boundary blurring in the localization of lesions. To address the aforementioned issues, a new dataset called Re‐TMRS is proposed, and for this dataset, the transformer‐based boundary feedback network for kidney tumour segmentation (BFT‐Net) is proposed. This network incorporates an adaptive context extract module (ACE) to emphasize local contextual information, reduces the semantic gap through the mixed feature capture module (MFC), and ultimately improves boundary extraction capability through end‐to‐end optimization learning in the boundary assist module (BA). Through numerous experiments, it is demonstrated that the proposed model exhibits excellent segmentation ability and generalization performance. The mDice and mIoU on the Re‐TMRS dataset reach 91.1% and 91.8%, respectively.
Preface
Authors: Uzakov Gulom , Toshmamatov Bobir , Gibadullin Arthur
Published: July 2024

The conference proceedings presents the results of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference “Concept of Sustainable Development: Agriculture and Environment” (TAEE-III-2024).
Morphofunctional state of the adrenal glands of rats subject to repeated exposure to magnesium chlorate
Authors: Islamov Shavkat , Alikulov Abdimumin , Shamatov Islom , Makhmatmuradova Nargiza , Kudratov Rizo
Published: July 2024

With long-term administration of magnesium chlorate to animals at a dose of 1/20 LD50 in the early stages (3-30 days), an increase in the functional activity of the adrenal cortex was established. At a later date (60-90 days), the development of atrophic and sclerotic changes was revealed. In the early stages of the study (days 3, 7), destructive and hemodynamic disturbances appear in the cortical substance of the organ. Subsequently, these changes increase, and on the 14th day, foci of necrosis form in the fascicular and reticular zones. On the 30th day, sclerosis of the capsule and the appearance of hydropic degeneration in the cells of the glomerular and fascicular zones develop. In subsequent periods (60 - 90 days), an increase in dystrophic and necrobiotic phenomena in all zones of the adrenal cortex and the appearance of atrophic changes were established. At the beginning of the study (days 3-30), a slight increase in the functional activity of the adrenal glands was determined. Initially, this occurs against the background of a decrease in the synthetic phase and an increase in the excretory phase of the secretory cycle of adrenocorticocytes. On the 14th day, a decrease in the excretion phase was detected in the zona glomerulosa. In the future (60–90 days), the activity of the adrenal glands is inhibited and their reserve capabilities are depleted. It is justified to maintain a low level of synthetic processes and reduce the release of hormonal products from glandular cells of all zones of the organ. In the medulla, as the period of drug administration increased, an increase in the number of N-cells was detected and by the end of the study there were more of them than A-cells. During the analysis, hemodynamic, destructive and necrotic phenomena were enhanced. Thus, at the beginning of the study, the secretory activity of chromaffin cells was moderate (days 3-30), increased on the 60th day and decreased to moderate values on the 90th day of the experiment.
Study of the influence of cow breed on the fatty acid composition of milk fat and the characteristics of its melting
Authors: Saranov Igor , Rudakov Oleg , Khvostov Viktor , Krikunov Nikolai
Published: July 2024

The article examines the influence of cow breed on the fatty acid composition of milk fat and on the characteristic indicators of milk fat melting in the form of the ratio of temperatures of thermal effects and the area under the melting curves obtained using the method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Using two-factor analysis of variance, it was revealed that the breed significantly influenced the mass concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) C12:0, C14:1, C16:0. C18:0, C18:1 and the ratio of mass concentrations of fatty acids oleic (C18:1) to myristic (C14:0), stearic (C18:0) to lauric (C12:0) acid; oleic and linolenic to lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acid. At the same time, using multivariate regression analysis, it was revealed that individual indicators of fatty acid composition do not significantly affect the thermophysical parameters of melting, however, the total influence of some acids made it possible to obtain regression equations that quite accurately describe the experimental data, taking into account the relative scatter of the experimental data relative to the theoretically predicted ones.
The impact of the dietary supplement N- carbamylglutamate on the biochemical and morphological aspects of blood in lactating cows investigated
Authors: Kutin Ivan , Koltsov Kirill , Gavrikov Andrey
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N- carbamylglutamate supplements on protein metabolism and nitrogen utilization in lactating cows. The findings revealed that the total protein level in the experimental group was significantly greater than in the control group (p<0.05), suggesting an improvement in dietary nitrogen utilization efficiency. Additionally, albumin levels were increased in the experimental group, indicating enhanced protein synthesis and utilization. Ammonia levels were significantly lower in the experimental group (p<0.05), demonstrating enhanced metabolic utilization of ammonia nitrogen. Urea levels were also lower in this group (p<0.05), implying increased use of endogenous urea for microbial protein production. Creatinine levels, on the other hand, were higher in the experimental group (p<0.05), reflecting an increased utilization of ammonia nitrogen in the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds
Review of methods for determining sorbitol in animal biological fluids
Authors: Ponamarev Vladimir , Andreeva Nadezhda , Kostrova Anastasia , Pogodaeva Polina
Published: July 2024

Article analyzes the main sorbitol detecting methods in animal biological fluids. Also it presents a brief methodology for conducting these studies. Respectively the main methods’ advantages and disadvantages are outlined. Upon the conclusion several proposes were made for veterinary practitioners. For example, some prospects for using methods duting laboratory examination.
Methods of increasing the microbial diversity of agricultural soils and plant protection
Authors: Pronovich Nataliya , Kuryntseva Polina , Galitskaya Polina
Published: July 2024

The paper analyzes an array of scientific literature data in the field of studying methods for increasing microbial diversity of agricultural soils. The variety of biological products used in agriculture has been studied. Some biological products approved for use in the Russian Federation are given. The importance of hub species for the biodiversity of the rhizobiome of plants has been revealed. Approaches to obtaining of high-efficiency bioproducts are considered. The necessity of creating biological products to restore the microbial diversity of agricultural soils using hub species is substantiated.
The impact of fish farming on the Tarasmozero Lake ecosystem, Onega Lake basin
Authors: Milyanchuk Nikolay , Kuchko Yaroslav , Ilmast Nikolay
Published: July 2024

The Tarasmozero Lake ecosystem (Onega Lake basin), affected by fish farming was assessed prior to and after the construction of a rainbow trout farm. Lake Tarasmozero receives waste water from the farm. The results of our studies show that when the farm began operating, phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the water have increased, affecting aquatic organisms and their environment. It was shown that phytoplankton is now dominated by diatoms, zooplankton species, characteristic of eutrophic water bodies, have appeared, and amphipods now make up the bulk of zoobenthos’ biomass. This evidence indicates that Lake Tarasmozero gradually passes from an oligotrophic type to a mesotrophic type.
The effect of geographical latitude of the habitats invaded by Heracleum sosnowskyi on soil nematode communities
Authors: Sushchuk Anna , Kalinkina Daria , Ivanova Veronika , Matveeva Elizaveta
Published: July 2024

The article presents the first data on nematode communities inhabiting the soil under hogweed thickets (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) in Karelia, Leningrad and Moscow districts. Comparison of the parameters of soil nematode communities in four hogweed habitats located on 55° to 61° N allowed describing the effect of geographical latitude of habitats with plant-invader on soil nematodes for the European part of Russia. Parameters of nematode communities were the following: taxonomic diversity, nematode abundance, and the eco-trophic structure. It was revealed that the abundance and diversity of soil nematodes greatly varied in the high latitude locality; and eco-trophic structure of nematode communities differed between regions under study. The relative abundance of omnivores and nematodes associated with plants was higher in the soil under hogweed in Karelia, and bacterial feeders – in the Moscow region. There were established trophic groups of nematodes which had the latitudinal variability that was confirmed by regression analysis. Thus, the results indicated the role of latitude as a factor in shaping the structure of soil nematode communities in the hogweed habitats.
Effect of fertiliser subsidy on fertiliser usage in rice farming in Indonesia
Authors: Rifin Amzul , Feryanto  , Herawati
Published: July 2024

The Indonesian government has implemented a fertiliser subsidy policy to increase rice production. Most previous research utilised limited samples and focused on the overall impact of fertilisers on production. In this research, the scope is Indonesia and focuses on the impact of fertiliser on the different combinations of fertiliser usage and classified between subsidised and non-subsidised farmers. The objective of this research was to analyse the effect of fertiliser usage on the production of subsidised and non-subsidised farmers. The data utilised were secondary data from the Household Survey on Food Crops conducted in 2014 by Statistics Indonesia. A Cobb-Douglas production function was employed for several combinations of fertiliser usage and comparison between subsidised and non-subsidised farmers. BPS-Statistics Indonesia. Meanwhile, for TSP and NPK fertilisers, the increase in production was higher in subsidised farmers. Therefore, rice production can be effectively increased by increasing urea usage by non-subsidised farmers and increasing TSP and NPK fertilisers for subsidised farmers.
Farmer income and farm risk of jajar legowo and conventional planting system
Authors: Suminartika Eti , Rachmawati Erna , Utami Hesty N.
Published: July 2024

Indonesia’s rice productivity is lower than Vietnam’s. The jajar legowo rice planting system (Jarwo PLS) is a rice planting system equipped with a new technology package to raise rice productivity. On the other hand, it will increase production costs. This study aims to analyse the difference in income and risk of rice farming using Jarwo and conventional PLS. The research was conducted in five rice farmer groups in Karawang District, West Java Province, in November 2022. The survey method was used as the research method. Primary data were obtained from sample farmers, and the sample farmers were taken by simple random sampling. Data analysis was carried out using farm income and business risk analysis using the coefficient of variation calculation. The results showed that rice farming income with Jarwo PLS is higher than conventional rice planting system income due to the higher production yield and selling price of Jarwo PLS. The risk of rice farming with the Jarwo is smaller than the conventional PLS because it is fertilised and maintained better.
Rice supply-chain management performance and business ecosystem support in Klaten District
Authors: Saptana  , Ar-Rozi Ahmad M. , Perwita Atika D. , Raharjo Agung S.S.
Published: July 2024

The supply chain performance of rice products in Klaten District is still long. This condition affects the distribution efficiency and price formation of rice. The objectives of this study are to (1) analyse the supply chain of rice products from upstream to downstream, (2) analyse the supply chain management performance of rice products, and (3) analyse the process of rice price formation. Data analysis was conducted both quantitatively and qualitatively. The research was conducted in 2018 and data collection was conducted using the interview method with limited farmer respondents and the snowball method for supply chain actors. The research results obtained the following findings: (a) there are 5-7 business actors in the rice product supply chain; (b) supply chain management performance for rice products in Klaten District is at a moderate to high level; and (c) the formation of grain and rice prices is determined more by the supply aspect than the demand aspect. To improve the supply chain management performance of rice products in Klaten District in an integrated manner, it is necessary to improve distribution efficiency and a conducive business ecosystem. Developing an inclusive business program is the latest government-supported idea for creating a conducive business ecosystem.
Performance analysis of supply chain on rice organic agroindustry in Jember District, Indonesia
Authors: Kuswardhani Nita , Khamid Abdul
Published: July 2024

The annual demand for organic rice tends to increase due to attention to a healthy lifestyle. This trend offers businesses a massive opportunity to develop, including those in Jember District East Java. Product expansion without suboptimal productivity in the organic rice agroindustry has made it impossible to meet the required production and consumer demand. Therefore, evaluating supply chain performance and strategies to improve it is necessary. This study aims to analyse the structure and performance of organic rice supply chain activities in Jember District. The study used Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) to evaluate each process in the supply chain. The method aided in grouping the performance of each process into several metrics described with specific attributes and presented in the form of Key Performance Indicators (KPI). In addition, each metric was weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the supply chain performance of the organic rice agroindustry was 65.97, classified in the“average” category. The strategies to improve these performance indicators are elaborated based on identified problems and discussions with several experts in the organic rice agroindustry.
Revitalising the function of agricultural extension in Indonesia to support rice self-sufficiency
Authors: Effendi Mohammad W. , Raharjo Agung S.S. , Adawiyah Cut R. , Suwangsih Neneng , Yofa Rangga D. , Setyaningrum Widyadhari F. , Suharyono Sri
Published: July 2024

The role of agricultural extension workers is very much needed to guide farmers so they can adopt technology and facilitate the growth and development of farmer institutions. However, agricultural extension institutions have faced uncertainty and have even lost direction since the Regional Government issued Law No. 23/2014. Agricultural extension workers no longer have an agricultural extension-coordinating agency; therefore, supervision and guidance do not function properly. As a result, the performance of agricultural extension experiences stagnation. This study aims to formulate alternative agricultural extension policies after the issuance of Presidential Regulation No. 35/2022 on Strengthening the Function of Agricultural Extension. The analysis method used a literature review approach. Based on the study results, it is necessary to derive policies that provide synergy between the centre and regions to support strengthening agricultural extension toward national rice self-sufficiency. If agricultural extension activities run according to their duties and functions, they can increase rice productivity by 29−33%. Recommended policy alternatives: (1) strengthening coordination between the Ministry of Agriculture and agricultural extension institutions at the provincial, district/city, and sub-district levels; (2) refocusing agricultural extension programs and activities; and (3) strengthening the agricultural extension budget through an assistance task mechanism.
The potential utilisation of rice biomass for biochar to support sustainable rice farming development in Indonesia
Authors: Ariningsih Ening , Ashari  , Mardiharini Maesti , Sujianto  , Irawan  , Rahayu Heni S.P. , Saleh Yopi , Slameto  , Suharyon  , Septanti Kartika S.
Published: July 2024

As a rice-producing country, Indonesia has abundant rice biomass in the forms of rice straw and rice husk (hull). Nevertheless, this resource has not been utilised to its fullest potential. This paper aims to assess the potential utilisation of rice biomass for biochar to support sustainable rice farming development through circular economics. A literature review method was applied in this paper, exploring the relevant articles published primarily in journals within the last ten years. The study results show that biochar serves as a soil amendment, and its application on agricultural land can improve soil properties and soil fertility, resulting in higher crop productivity and enhancing sustainability. Based on rice production data released by BPS-Statistics Indonesia, it is estimated that approximately 10.10 million tons of rice husk and 83.29 tons of dry rice straw are generated annually during 2018−2022, which can potentially be processed into 33.04 million tons of biochar. Applying 2 tons of biochar per hectare can increase rice productivity by at least 4%, resulting in a potential increase in rice production of at least 2.22 million tons annually. The government needs to facilitate farmers in rice-producing centres with biochar processing units using appropriate technology on a proper scale.
Scientific research of urban-planning traditions of the medieval Bukhara
Authors: Ruziyev Khoshim , Bobomurotov Khamza
Published: July 2024

The article covers the main urban-planning and architectural activities of the urban-planning traditions of medieval Bukhara, the stages of their formation and evolution from antiquity to the XX century. The characteristics of architecture and urban planning that constitute the processes of the emergence and development of the first cities are considered. Typological features and stages of development of the city of medieval Bukhara, proposals for changing the city are presented. The practical significance of the research results, the developed design solutions for the preservation, reconstruction and modernization of historical cities and the improvement of the processes of modern interpretation of areas are stated. Such methods of scientific research as historicity, substantiation of source study, scientific comparative analysis of archival materials, chronological-systematic analysis, scientific approach to the problem have been implemented in work. Based on available archaeological, written, historical, scientific and archival materials, as well as systematization of information about the city of Bukhara, the first urbanization processes and the first model of the city have been identified.
Quince and cabbage wastes valorization: Some recent options
Authors: Zhivkova Vanya
Published: July 2024

This paper aimed to present in a summarized form, using the descriptive approach, some recent opportunities for the valorization of two specific representatives of the numerous and heterogeneous in type and composition of fruit and vegetable wastes, namely quince waste and cabbage waste. Research on quince waste is mainly related to determining its composition, searching for valuable components in it, applying different extraction methods, characterizing waste from quince processing, identification and analysis of various compounds. Options for the valorization of cabbage waste are related, for example, to the development of adsorbents, polymer absorption gels, obtaining biochar, biogas production, exploring the possibilities of co-pyrolysis, detection and characterization of biologically active compounds, as well as use in animal nutrition. The development and application of new methods in order to achieve optimally effective valorization of fruit and vegetable waste, part of which are quince waste and cabbage waste, is among the main priority directions for future research.
The erosion control role of linear boundaries on a slope
Authors: Prushchik Anastasia , Vytovtov Vladimir , Rubanik Yulija , Boev Sergey
Published: July 2024

The paper presents an assessment of soil protection from erosion by forest strips on the experimental fields of the scientific unit of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kursk FARC" (Medvensky district, Kursk region). The soil is leached chernozem (Chernozems leached), mediumthick, heavy loam on loess-like loams, slightly eroded. Poplar forest strips located in the lower part of the slopes of northern exposure, at the transition of slopes 3–40, were chosen as anti-erosion linear boundaries. To determine the soil absorption capacity, the method of sprinkling drainage areas was used. When carrying out sprinkling, forest litter was removed from the soil surface. The steady-state rate of soil absorption under field conditions was obtained to be the same within the error and amounted to, on average, 0.34±0.02 mm/min. The steady-state rate of absorption in a forest belt of twenty years of age is higher by 75.0% than in the field and by 15.1% than in a poplar forest belt with a tree stand of 40 years of age. The anti-erosion complex fulfills the task of strengthening the soil-protective role of the farming system.