bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability and Extraction of New Optical Wave Solutions of Cascaded System in (2 + 1)-dimensions
Authors: Kumar Hitender , Parveen Parveen , Dahiya Sunita , Kumar Anand , Gautam Manjeet Singh
Published: June 2021

This paper uses the new modified sub-ODE method, the new extended auxiliary equation method, and the new Jacobi elliptic function expansion method to revisit the (2+1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation with cascading effect. As a consequence, dark, bright, kinkantikink, singular solitons, Weierstrass elliptic function, doubly periodic, and complex optical soliton solutions are retrieved. All solutions are described, along with the existence criterion on the parameters. As solitons are used for data transfer, the obtained results may be found usage in optical couplers, birefringed fibres, and optoelectronic devices. A comparison of the obtained

results with those found in the literature is given. The dynamical behaviour of some of the obtained solutions has been explored for suitable choices of the parameters. Using the property of Hamiltonian systems, the solitons stability is determined.
Contactless generation and trapping of hydrodynamic knots in sessile droplets by acoustic screw dislocations
Authors: Song Shuren , Zhou Jia , Riaud Antoine , Marciano Antonino
Published: June 2021

Hydrodynamics knots are not only promising elementary structures to study mass and momentum transfer in turbulent flows, but also potent analogs for other topological problems arising in particle physics. However, experimental studies of knots are highly challenging due to the limited control over knot generation and difficult observation of the resulting fast-paced multiscale flow evolution. In this paper, we propose using acoustic streaming to tie hydrodynamic knots in fluids. The method is contactless, almost instantaneous and is relatively insensitive to viscosity. Importantly, it allows starting from quite arbitrary three dimensional flow structures without relying on external boundary conditions. We demonstrate our approach by using an acoustic screw dislocation to tie a knot in a sessile droplet. We observe an inversion of the knot chirality (measured by the hydrodynamic helicity) as the topological charge of the screw dislocation is increased. Combined with recent progress in acoustic field synthesis, this work opens a window to study more complex hydrodynamic knot topologies at a broader range of space and timescales.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis-Related Gene FANCD2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: miao huikai , ren qiannan , li hongmu , zeng mingyue , chen dongni , chen youfang , wen zhesheng
Published: June 2021

Background. The development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) involves the interactions between cell proliferation and death. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, a distinctive cell death process was implicated in a multitude of diseases, whereas no research revealing the relationship between autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and LUAD pathogenesis was reported. Thus, the primary objective was to explore the role and potential function of the autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related genes in LUAD.Methods. Clinical information and transcriptome profiling of patients with LUAD were retrieved and downloaded from open-source databases. Autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related genes were screened by published articles. The key gene was identified as the intersection between the differentially expressed genes and prognosis-related genes. Patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups using the expression level of the key gene. The validity of the key gene prognosis model was verified by survival analysis. The correlation between the clinical characteristics of LUAD and the expression level of the key gene was analyzed to explore the clinical significance and prognosis value. And the roles of the key gene in response to chemotherapy, immune microenvironment and tumor mutation burden were predicted. The validation of key gene expression levels were further performed by immunohistochemistry staining.Results. FANCD2, a key autophagy-dependent ferroptosis-related gene by searching database, was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD occurrence. The high expression level of FANCD2 was associated with an advantaged TNM stage, a less chemotherapy sensitivity, a low ImmuneScore, which indicated a deactivation status in immune microenvironment, a high tumor mutation burden, and a poor survival for LUAD patients. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that FANCD2 were involved in response to oxidative stress and neutrophil mediated immunity. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression level of FANCD2 is higher in LUAD patients than normal tissue samples, which was in accordance with the database report.Conclusion. FANCD2, a key gene related to autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, could work as a biomarker, which predicts the survival, chemotherapy sensitivity, tumor immunity and mutation burden of LUAD. Research of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis and targeting the FANCD2 may offer a new perspective for the treatment and improvement of prognosis in LUAD.
Exosomal miR-136-5p Derived From Anlotinib-Resistant NSCLC Cells Confers Anlotinib Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Through Targeting PPP2R2A
Authors: Gu Guoqing , Hu Chenxi , Hui Kaiyuan , Zhang Huiqin , Chen Ting , Zhang Xin , Jiang Xiaodong
Published: June 2021

Background: Anlotinib resistance is a challenge for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding the underlying mechanisms against anlotinib resistance is of great importance to improve prognosis and treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods: RT-qPCR assay was used to assess the level of miR-136-5p in anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells and exosomes derived from anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell viability. Results: High levels of plasma exosomal miR-136-5p is correlated with clinically poor anlotinib response. In addition, anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells promoted parental NSCLC cell proliferation via transferring functional miR-136-5p from anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells to parental NSCLC cells via exosomes. Moreover, exosomal miR-136-5p could endow NSCLC cells with anlotinib resistance by targeting PPP2R2A, leading to the activation of Akt pathway. Furthermore, miR-136-5p antagomir packaging into anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell-derived exosomes functionally restored NSCLC cell anlotinib sensitivity.Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicated that anlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell-derived exosomal miR-136-5p confers anlotinib resistance in NSCLC cells by targeting PPP2R2A, indicating miR-136-5p may act as a potential biomarker for anlotinib response in NSCLC.
Diagnostic Value of LncRNAs for Postoperative Metastasis of Breast Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Authors: Hao Liyue , Li Xiabin , Tao Zhonghua , Zheng Haisan , Wu Bin , Jiang Dengyong , Yang Yongxin , Tang Yan
Published: June 2021

Background: Breast cancer is a malignancy with no clearly identified prognostic factors for diagnosis. Studies have preliminarily found that lncRNAs are related to breast cancer metastasis, however, the clinical predictive significance of lncRNAs is still elusive.In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA UCA1,CCAT2, ANCR) on postoperative metastasis of breast cancer as well as the possible mechanism involving the EMT. Methods: We investigated lncRNA ANCR, UCA1,CCAT2 that associated with breast cancer metastasis risk in a population-based nested case-control study. Metastasis cases were identified by clinical diagnostic criteria in approximately 103 cases in the Cancer Institute of Southwest Medical University during 2013-2020. At the same time, the control group (metastasis-free) was selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle in this cohort (n=103, the matching condition was age±3 years, the operation time within the same month, and the treatment plan both are modifed radical mastectomy) The mRNA of lncRNA( UCA1,CCAT2, ANCR) expression was determined by Real-time PCR. The expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin proteins was detected by Western blot. The migration and invasion of transfected cells were determined by the Transwell assay.Results: lncRNA ANCR, UCA1, CCAT2 was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer cells and postoperative metastasis of breast cancer.CCAT2 (OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.039), UCA1(OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.011, 1.039),ANCR(OR=1.055, 95% CI:1.001, 1.111)was the risk factor for postoperative metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore , we used the ROC curve to detect the optimal critical values of CCAT2, UCA1, ANCR , the risk of metastasis in the CCAT2 high expression group was 2.297 times that of the low expression group (OR=2.297, 95% CI:1.427 ~ 3.695, P< 0.05). The risk of metastasis in the UCA1 high expression group was 2.032 times that of the low expression group (OR=2.032, 95% CI 1.282 ~ 3.218, P<0.05). We further observed that lncRNA UCA1, CCAT2, ANCR was down-regulated in MDA-231 cells by 48 h of siRNA transfection. LncRNAs UCA1, CCAT2, ANCR silencing significantly decreased the percentage of migration and invasion cells, down-regulated N-cadherin, and up-regulated E-cadherin and vimentin in MDA-231 cells.Conclusions: Our data suggested that lncRNA CCAT2 , UCA1,ANCR was a novel molecule involved in postoperative metastasis of breast cancer, which has predictive value in patients with breast cancer metastasis.
Improved YOLO V3 Network for Basal Cell Carcinomas and Bowen’s Disease Detection
Authors: Zhang Jiantao , Huang Yun , Zhang Xiaobo , Xue Yan , Bi Xinling , Chen Zhuo
Published: June 2021

The pathologists’ workload is very heavy because they have to identify and diagnose a large number of histological images in daily work. So, there is an urgent need to develop a method for detecting and identifying skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and Bowen’s disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ) are common malignant skin cancers. In this paper, we focus on the study of YOLO detection model in object detection, and use the YOLOv3 model to detect and identify BCC and Bowen disease. The results show that the model can effectively detect most lesions. Through the structural analysis of the YOLOv3 model algorithm, it is found that the number of convolutional feature maps in some layers’ changes drastically. So, a new convolutional layer is added to gradually reduce the number of feature maps, and then an improved YOLOv3 algorithm is proposed. The improved algorithm is used to detect the lesions of the BCC and the Bowen’s disease. The results show that the improved model algorithm has better detection performance. Under the condition of threshold value of 0.7, the recognition accuracy of BCC and Bowen's disease is 91.3% and 90.9% respectively.
Protonated Phosphonic Acid Electrodes for High Power Heavy-Duty Vehicle Fuel Cells
Authors: Lim Katie , Lee Albert , Atanasov Vladimir , Kerres Jochen , Adhikari Santosh , Maurya Sandip , Park Eun Joo , Delfin Luis , Jung Jiyoon , Cy Fujimoto , Matanovic Ivana , Jankovic Jasna , Jia Hongfei , Kim Yu Seung
Published: June 2021

Fuel cells operating at above 100 °C under anhydrous conditions provide an ideal solution for the heat rejection problem of heavy-duty vehicle applications. Here, we report protonated phosphonic acid electrodes that remarkably improve fuel cell performance. The protonated phosphonic acids are comprised of tetrafluorostyrene phosphonic acid and perfluorosulfonic acid polymers in which a proton of the perfluorosulfonic acid is transferred to the phosphonic acid to enhance the anhydrous proton conduction of fuel cell electrodes. By implementing this material into fuel cell electrodes, we obtained a fuel cell exhibiting a rated power density of 780 milliwatts per square centimeter at 160 °C, with minimal degradation during 2,500 hours of operation, and 700 thermal cycles from 40 to 160 °C under load.
In-Depth Phenotyping for Clinical Stratification of Gaucher Disease
Authors: D'Amore Simona , Page Kathleen , Donald Aimée , Taiyari Khadijeh , Tom Brian , Deegan Patrick Brian , Tan Chong Yew , Poole Kenneth , Jones Simon Allan , Mehta Atul , Hughes Derralynn , Sharma Reena , Lachmann Robin Henry , Chakrapani Aunpam , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Santra Saikat , Cox Timothy Martin
Published: June 2021

Background

The Gaucher Investigative Therapy Evaluation (GAUCHERITE) is a national clinical cohort of 250 patients aged 5–87 years with Gaucher disease - an ultra-rare genetic disorder. To inform clinical decision-making and improve pathophysiological understanding, we characterized the course of Gaucher disease and explored the influence of costly innovative medication and other interventions. Retrospective and prospective clinical, laboratory and radiological information including molecular analysis of the GBA1 gene and comprising > 2500 variables were collected systematically into a relational database with banking of collated biological samples in a central bioresource. Data for deep phenotyping and life-quality evaluation, including skeletal, visceral, haematological and neurological manifestations were recorded for a median of 17.3 years.
Results

At baseline, 223 of the 250 patients were classified as type 1 Gaucher disease. Intensive neurological phenotyping in a subgroup of 40 originally considered to have only systemic features, revealed neurological involvement in 18: two had Parkinson disease and 16 patients had other neuronopathic features. This revised the number affected by type 3 Gaucher disease to a total to 43. Skeletal manifestations occurred in most patients in the cohort (131 of 201 specifically reported bone pain). Symptomatic osteonecrosis and fragility fractures occurred respectively in 76 and 37 of all 250 patients and the first osseous events occurred significantly earlier in those with neuronopathic disease. Analysis of the longitudinal real-world data permitted stratification of Gaucher disease on the basis of exposure to advanced therapies and splenectomy. Splenectomy was associated with an increased hazard of fragility fractures, osteonecrosis and orthopaedic surgery; after splenectomy, there were marked gender differences in the risk of fragility fractures over time. Combined with associated surgical procedures, the skeletal manifestations represent a heavy burden of illness, especially in patients formerly unable to access disease-modifying therapies.
Conclusion

Gaucher disease has been explored during a period of transformation by disease-modifying interventions. With the introduction of advanced therapies, repeated longitudinal measures in this real-world cohort allowed the condition to be stratified into clear clinical endotypes. Our study reveals diverse and changing phenotypic manifestations with neurological, systemic and skeletal disease as inter-related sources of disability.
Electronic Supplementary Material

The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Spectroscopic Study on the Reaction of Singlet-Excited Nile Blue with Certain Antioxidants
Authors: Manivannan C. , Baskaran S. , V Anbazhagan
Published: June 2021

The photoinduced interaction of nile blue (NB) with various antioxidant molecules was investigated by fluorescence quenching technique and lifetime measurements. The various substituted catecholic compounds are employed as quenchers to evaluate their antioxidant activity. The formations of ground state complex between NB and quencher molecules observed from the UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The bimolecular quenching rate constants (kq) values depend on presence of substituent and its electronic properties of quencher molecules. Fluorescence quenching experiments have been performed at three different temperatures to assess the thermodynamic parameters. Time resolved fluorescence measurements suggest that the fluorescence quenching of NB with antioxidant molecules undergoes static quenching mechanism. The bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) values reveal the discharge of HTfrom the antioxidant molecules. The electronic properties play an important role in the antioxidant activity of quencher molecules. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching between NB and quencher molecules are analysed based on the fluorescence quenching experiments, cyclic voltammetry experiments and BDE calculations.
Effects of Tree Species on Root Exudation and Mineralization of Organic Acids in a Tropical Forest
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Hayakawa Chie , Ningsih Sukarti
Published: June 2021

Aims Root exudation of organic acids is one of strategies for tropical trees to facilitate nutrient uptake from the highly weathered soils. However, paradoxical relationship remains that root exudation also stimulates microbial activities to consume organic acids in the rhizosphere (root-soil interface). Plant-specific root exudation might shape different rhizosphere carbon (C) cycles between tree species. We test whether root exudation and rhizosphere C fluxes of organic acids and sugars differ between dominant dipterocarp trees and pioneer trees (Macaranga spp.). Methods We measured (1) root exudation from mature trees, (2) soil solution concentrations of organic acids and monosaccharides, and (3) mineralization kinetics of 14C-radiolabelled substrates in the rhizosphere and bulk soils of the Dipterocarp and Macaranga trees. Results Malate was a dominant organic acid exuded from Dipterocarp roots, while monosaccharides were dominant exudates of pioneer Macaranga trees. Malate exudation rates by Dipterocarp roots were greater compared to Macaranga roots. Organic acid exudation increased with increasing root surface area and with decreasing soil pH. Microbial activities of malate mineralization were enhanced in the rhizosphere both under Dipterocarp and Macaranga trees, but the C fluxes of malate mineralization by rhizosphere microbes far exceeded root exudation due to microbial malate production in the rhizosphere of Dipterocarp trees. Conclusion Tree species develop different strategies to increase malate concentration in rhizosphere soil directly through root exudation or indirectly through rhizosphere microbial activities to increase malate production, which is favorable for phosphorus solubilization, aluminum detoxification, and lignin degradation in acidic soils.
Self-fed Supplements of Low and Medium Intake for Beef Steers Finished on Pasture
Authors: Souza Saimon de Souza , Missio Régis Luis , Paris Wagner , Cavazzana Jefferson Felipe , Severo Marcelo Machado , Poggere Julia Maria , de Menezes Luis Fernando Glasenapp , Costa Olmar Antônio Denardin
Published: June 2021

The obstacles of using supplementation are related to the cost and labor. Self-fed supplements of low and medium intake can be an option to overcome these problems. However, the nutritive value and pasture yield are crucial to finding the right composition and amount of supplement. We evaluated productive responses of steers receiving self-fed supplements of low and medium intake on Aruana grass pasture. The animal performance, ingestive behavior, and pasture characteristics were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates. Twenty-four Aberdeen Angus steers were used as the tester animals. The dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a 3 x 3 double Latin square repeated over time. The treatments consisted of mineral salt (control), supplementation for intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight (low-intake), and supplementation for intake of 4.0 g/kg body weight (medium-intake). The supplements did not influence the pasture characteristics and ingestive behavior, except the number of bites/day that was higher for the low-intake. Dry matter digestibility and forage intake were not affected by the supplementation, but the total dry matter intake increased for the medium-intake. The average daily gain, stocking rate, and fat thickness gain were higher for the medium-intake. The self-fed supplements of medium-intake increase the total dry matter intake, maximizing the performance of steers on Aruana grass.
Extraction of Cu(II) From Acidic Sulfate Media by Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate: Stoichiometry and Thermodynamic Studies
Authors: halim siti fatimah abdul , Morad Norhashimah , Chang Siu Hua
Published: June 2021

In efforts to develop a novel low-cost and eco-friendly organic solvent, namely, palm kernel fatty acid distillate (PKFAD), with free fatty acids (FFAs) as the active components, for Cu(II) extraction from acidic sulfate media, this work aimed to gain insight into the stoichiometry of Cu(II)-FFA complexes (extracted species) in PKFAD and their extraction thermodynamics. The former was explored by both the equilibrium slope and numerical analyses, while the latter was determined from the extraction of Cu(II) by PKFAD at different temperatures. Both the equilibrium slope and numerical analyses revealed that the stoichiometry of Cu(II)-FFA complexes in PKFAD was 1:6, whereas the thermodynamic study indicated that Cu(II) extraction by PKFAD was exothermic, nonspontaneous, and enthalpy-driven over the temperature range studied. A plausible structure of Cu(II)-FFA complexes in PKFAD was also postulated based on the thermodynamic data obtained.
Costa et al.: The First National Anti-TB Drug Resistance Survey in Timor-Leste
Authors: Lopes Constantino , Kundu Debashish , Barreto Ismael Da Costa , Cruz Bernardino da , Kumar S Siva , Ramalingam Sureshbabu , Dean Anna S. , Bhatia Vineet , Seenivasan Prabhu , Padmapriyadarsini C , Auguet Olga Tosas
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn the absence of reliable data, a national drug resistance survey (DRS) was implemented for the first time in Timor-Leste (TL) in 2019 to assess the prevalence of drug resistance among new and previously treated pulmonary TB patients in the country to guide resource allocation and to strengthen existing systems for the diagnosis, treatment and care of rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB. MethodsThis nation-wide cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2019 until September 2019 targeting all new and previously treated sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients in the country. Sputum samples from enrolled cases were submitted to the National TB Reference Laboratory for molecular confirmation of pulmonary TB and to determine resistance to rifampicin by Xpert MTB/RIF. Culture was performed in parallel on solid media, and culture isolates from a sub-sample of confirmed TB cases were shipped to the WHO Supranational TB Reference Laboratory in Chennai, India for whole genome sequencing for quality assurance purposes. An electronic web-based system was used for entry and storage of the data from the DRS. Survey summary statistics, data cross-tabulations and analysis of potential risk factors of rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) were conducted using R statistical software (version 3.5.2).ResultsA total of 953 sputum-smear positive patients were enrolled into the study, of which 917 were confirmed as positive for TB by either Xpert MTB/RIF or culture. Rifampicin resistance was detected among 0.6% (95% CI 0.2-1.3) of new cases and 2.7% (95% CI 0.5- 8.2) of cases previously treated with anti-TB drugs, using Xpert MTB/RIF. ConclusionThe prevalence of RR-TB in Timor-Leste is relatively low compared to the estimated prevalence of RR-TB in the WHO South-East Asia Region (2.5% [95% CI 1.9–3.3] among new cases and 14% [95% CI 7.7-21] among previously treated cases). This might be attributed to the late introduction of rifampicin into the maintenance phase of first-line treatment for TB in Timor-Leste and the good treatment success rate among TB patients (88% in new and relapse cases in 2018), although treatment coverage remains notably low. The rapid sputum collection and transportation mechanism implemented in the survey demonstrates its feasibility in low resource settings and should be replicated for routinely transporting TB specimens from microscopy labs to GeneXpert sites, addressing barriers to accessing TB services in remote, hilly areas. Establishment of in-country capacity for rapid molecular diagnostics for both first- and second-line DST, such as the line probe assay, is an immediate need for achieving universal drug susceptibility testing (DST) to guide appropriate patient management.
Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Persistence and Dissipation Behaviour of the Herbicide Mixture of Fomesafen + Quizalofop-Ethyl in Tropical Soybean Agroecosystem and Safety Risk Assessment
Authors: Das Sushovan , Singha Debasish , Kundu Arnab , Mondal Sandip , Kundu Abhishek , Bhattacharyya Arijita , Kumar Mousumi , Roy Sankhajit
Published: June 2021

Weeds are the major limiting factor for optimum soybean production in India. The herbicide mixture of fomesafen and quizalofop-ethyl provides effective control of a broad spectrum of weeds, but its fate in the tropical soybean ecosystem is unknown and also the risks involved to the consumer and the environment are still unexplored. Hence, a supervised field trial was conducted following the post-emergence application of fomesafen 12% + quizalofop-ethyl 3% in two consecutive seasons. The dissipation of fomesafen followed biphasic double first order in parallel kinetics, whereas quizalofop-ethyl dissipation followed first order kinetics. A significant difference in the persistence of fomesafen was observed due to seasonal variation of meteorological parameters. However, the variation was significant only in plant, but non-significant in soil, in case of quizalofop-ethyl. The overall shorter persistence of both fomesafen and quizalofop-ethyl was recorded in warmer climatic conditions of Season I than Season II. The results thus indicated that care must be taken during application of this herbicide mixture in cold climatic regions, since both the herbicides may exhibit higher stability. The absence of end-point residues at harvest concluded that the formulation is safe for application in tropical agroclimate. The low chronic dietary toxicity and low soil ecological toxicity indicated that the herbicide mixture will offer no threat against consumer health and soil ecosystem. However, there was a concern about the toxicity against soil algal population which needs to be reconfirmed by further studies.
Osteogenic Differentiation of Pre-Conditioned Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Nisin on the Modified Poly-L-Lactic-Acid Nanofibers
Authors: Sadraei Fariba , Ghollasi Marzieh , Khakpai Fatemeh , Halabian Raheleh
Published: June 2021

Background: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem (MSCs) cells are undifferentiated cells with the self-renewing ability and multi-lineage differentiation beneficial for regenerative medicine. Nano scaffolds are novel materials employed in bone repair and regeneration. Nisin is a prebiotic that can increase stem cells’ life span and proliferation. This study attempted to provide a proper strategy for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into the Osteocytes on a Poly‐L‐lactic‐acid scaffold (PLLA) after pretreating with probiotic Nisin. Methods: MSC osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by measuring Calcium, Alkaline phosphatase, and quantitative tests such as Real-Time PCR, Acridine Orange, Alizarin Red, Von Kossa, and others. Results: The result of the MTT test showed that the optimal dose of Nisin probiotic for the MSCs’ preconditioning was 200 IU/mL on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days of culture. Real-time PCR data indicated that the expression rate of ALP, Osteonectin, Osteocalcin, and Collagen I have increased in the presence of Nisin, while the RUNX-2 gene expression has decreased. Furthermore, the results of Alizarin Red and Von Kossa tests, as well as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed that the cell proliferation in the preconditioned samples with Nisin increased significantly. Conclusions: The study concluded that the cell proliferation and differentiation increased in samples pretreated with Nisin on the PLLA Nano scaffolds.
Reconstruction and Repairment With Mini-plate and Bone Graft for HIV Positive Patients of Giant Cell Tumor of Long Bone: Retrospective Analysis of a Single-center Experience
Authors: Xu Biao , Ma Rui , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Chang-song , Zhang Wen-sheng , Wang Jie
Published: June 2021

Background: To evaluate the effect of reconstruction and repairment with mini-plate and bone graft for HIV positive patients of giant cell tumor of long bone.Methods: This research retrospectively analyzed 12 HIV positive patients with giant cell tumor of long bone, 11 male and 1 female, with a age range 16 to 68 years old (43.5 years old on average) were included. There were 5 cases of proximal tibia，3 cases of distal femur, 2 case of distal tibia, and 2 case of talus. From June 2012 to August 2020, curettage by ultrasonic scalpel were performed in all patients, combined with min- plate and bone graft treatment. All patients were followed up for 18-60 months. Limb function was evaluated by MSTS93 scoring system, and postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis, complications, MSTS93 score and fracture prognosis were observed.Results: No local recurrence and pulmonary metastases was observed. After surgery, all the 12 patients showed good bone morphologic repair and reconstruction, good bone healing , good joint function, and no pathological fracture around the lesion. One case of giant cell tumor of proximal tibia showed mild articular surface collapse, and mild valgus deformity of knee joint, but good joint function. The MSTS93 score of the patients 6 months after the operation was 24-27 points (24.5±1.08), with a significant difference (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Reconstruction and repairment with mini-plate and bone graft for HIV positive patients of giant cell tumor of long bone has achieved satisfactory results. The mini- plate takes up little space and is flexible for reconstruction and fixation, significantly reducing complications such as surgical site infection, preserving joint function and avoiding amputation. It is a safe and effective treatment method.
New Heterometallic Compound as Luminescent Sensor for Detection of CS2 and Treatment Effect on Childhood Diabetes
Authors: Sun Wen-Hui , Ye Bing
Published: June 2021

The hydrothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, KNO3 with the dicarboxylate ligand of 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2L) yields a new heterometallic coordination polymer with the formula of [CdK2(L)2(H2O)4]n (1). Compound 1 emits intense luminescence at ambient temperature and shows high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of CS2. Serial biological experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity of the new compound on children diabetes. First of all, after the compound treatment, the blood glucose meter was used to measure the levels of body's blood sugar. In addition to this, the relative expression levels of the insulin receptor on the liver cells were determined with real time RT-PCR.
m(6)A mRNA Methylation Regulates Ferroptosis in HPSCC by Targeting NFE2L2/NRF2
Authors: Ye Jing , Chen Xiaozhen , Liao Bing , Jiang Xiaohua , Dong Zhihuai , Hu Sunhong , Liu Yuehui , Xiao Mang
Published: June 2021

Background

Emerging as the most abundant posttranscriptional internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has gathered tremendous scientific interest in recent years. However, no study addresses the role of m6A modification in ferroptosis. Here, we showed that m6A modifications are decreased in RSL3-induced ferroptosis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). We found that AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), one of the m6A demethylases, is the primary factor involved in aberrant m6A modification.
Methods

Bioinformatics analysis, sample analysis, cell biological analyses and transcriptome sequencing were performed to evaluate the correlation between m6A modification and ferroptosis as well as molecular mechanism of ALKBH5 function. Transcriptome-wide m6A-seq and RIP-seq data and following m6A dot blot, MeRIP-qPCR, RIP-qPCR and dual luciferase reporter assays were mapped to screen and validate the candidate targets of ALKBH5.
Results

ALKBH5-knockdown impaired ferroptotic cell death in HPSCC. However, overexpression of ALKBH5 has an opposite effect, suggesting that ALKBH5 is a positive regulator of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation led to a post-transcriptional inhibition of NFE2L2/NRF2, the central player in the regulation of antioxidant molecules in cells, at two m6A residues in the 3ʹ-UTR. Therefore, knocking down ALKBH5 subsequently increases the expression levels of NFE2L2/NRF2 and increased cell resistance to ferroptosis. In addition, m6A-mediated NFE2L2/NRF2 stabilization relied on the m6A reader IGF2BP2.
Conclusion

ALKBH5 functions as a tumor suppresser through ferroptosis in HPSCC. ALKBH5 destabilizes NFE2L2/NRF2 expression in HPSCC through an m6A-IGF2BP2-dependent mechanism. Together, our work uncovers a critical link between ALKBH5-NFE2L2/NRF2 and ferroptosis, providing insight into the functional importance of the reversible mRNA m6A methylation and its modulators in HPSCC.
Mapping Childcare Support for Patients at North American Hospitals and Cancer Centres: An Environmental Scan.
Authors: Preston Katherine , MacDonald Mackenzie , Giuliani Meredith , Leung Bonnie , Simmons Christine , Melosky Barbara , Ingledew Paris-Ann
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Approximately one quarter of cancer patients are parents to young children. One unique challenge faced by this patient group is the difficulty of accessing childcare support during medical appointments. Hospital-based childcare options could represent a solution to this problem, but to this point, no comprehensive scans have described existing on-site childcare centres. The purpose of this study is to identify and characterize on-site childcare services available to patients at North American hospitals. This information could inform the development of similar programs for cancer patients.
Methods
Using publicly available information, an environmental scan of the grey literature was conducted to investigate Canadian and American hospitals for the presence of childcare services. A standardized data collection tool was used to extract centre characteristics.
Results
Twenty-six childcare centres were identified across 161 hospitals. The majority of the centres were associated with pediatric hospitals (77%) and were located in the United States (69%). Only a single childcare centre was associated with a cancer hospital. All centres accommodated children between the ages of 3 and 8. Most centres were open for over 30 hours per week (77%) and were free of charge to users (89%). Other characteristics, including capacity and staffing, varied widely.
Conclusions
These results represent an inventory of patient-accessible, on-site childcare services currently available at North American hospitals. Cancer patients who are also parents may especially need this kind of support, as they are at high risk for financial toxicity.
Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Nonsmoking Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korea
Authors: Kang Hye Seon , Lim Jung Uk , Yeo Chang Dong , Park Chan Kwon , Lee Sang Haak , Kim Seung Joon
Published: June 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with nonsmoking small cell lung cancer (SCLC) using a nationwide registry in Korea.Methods: The Korean Association for Lung Cancer developed a registry in cooperation with the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and surveyed approximately 10% of recorded lung cancer cases. Results: From 2014 to 2016, the KCCR registered 1,043 patients newly diagnosed with SCLC among a total of 8,110 lung cancer patients. In subgroup analysis, the overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in the nonsmoking subgroup than the ever-smoking subgroup of SCLC patients with extensive disease (6.99 vs. 9.68 months; P = 0.004). Among SCLC patients with limited disease, OS was also shorter in the nonsmoking subgroup, without statistical significance (19.4 vs. 23.5 months; P = 0.179). In a multivariate analysis using a Cox regression model, never smoking was not associated with shorter OS, but older age, extensive stage, poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group grade ≥2), male sex, no prophylactic cranial irradiation, and no active treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) were associated with poor prognosis.Conclusion: This evaluation of an unbiased nationwide survey dataset revealed that a significant proportion of Korean SCLC patients were never-smokers. No history of smoking appeared to be a significant prognostic factor according to the univariate analysis but was confirmed to be statistically insignificant through a multivariate analysis of the total population. Reasons for a poor prognosis may include the possibility that a high rate of the elderly population is composed of nonsmokers who did not receive active treatment.
Effect of Mindfulness Sessions on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Job Satisfaction of Nurses: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bonakdari Nasrin , Mohammadi Nadereh , Yazdi Mohammad Reza Taghvizadeh , Norouzadeh Reza , Abbasinia Mohammad , Aghaie Bahman
Published: June 2021

Background: Nursing is considered a stressful profession, so nurses are at higher risk of physical and mental illness. Mindfulness is an important concept for nursing with practical implications for nurse well-being, development, and quality nursing care sustainability.Objectives: This study identified mindfulness sessions' effect on nurses' chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS) and job satisfaction )JS.(Methods: A randomized clinical trial design was conducted on 80 nurses to intervention and control groups. The intervention in the intervention group was eight mindfulness sessions training, and the control group had no intervention. Nurses' CFS and JS were assessed using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.Results: After implementing a mindfulness-based stress reduction program, the intervention group nurses reported lower CFS and higher JS than the control group(p<0.005). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the effectiveness of mindfulness programs on improving nurses' chronic fatigue and JS. Since CFS and job dissatisfaction are two disturbing elements for nurses' optimal performance in professional and personal life, this study can recommend the implementation of mindfulness exercises as a routine, operational and uncomplicated program in nurses.
Yield Improvement of Gracilaria tentuistipitata by Optimizing Different aspects in Coast of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Bokhtair S. M. , Ali M. A. , Chowdhury M . A. Z. , Ahmed K. U. , Hassan M. K. , Ahmed M. , Bhuiyan M. S. , Mashuk O. F. , Rahman M M , Rafiquzzaman S. M.
Published: June 2021

This research was designed to find out the effect of different factors such as influence of lunar cycle, harvesting interval, rope type and seeding gap on the production of G. tenuistipitata in coast of Cox’s Bazar. Duration of these experiments were sixty days and all the parameters were recorded fortnightly. Monitoring of water quality parameters indicated that salinity, temperature, transparency, pH and DO were suitable for seaweed cultivation. In determining lunar cycle effect, results envisaged that fresh yield was 14.43% increased when seeding and harvesting time was selected considering the moon cycle. Regarding the selection of harvesting interval, it was found that T3 (30 days interval) was the best to harvest the seaweed whereas T4 (40 days interval) showed decreasing trend in production. Our study also found that semi floating single line showed better yield performance compared to semi floating double line system. In case of influence on seeding gap, it has been found that 20 cm gap between two seed showed the highest yields followed by 10 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that yield of G. tenuistipitata in coast of Cox’s Bazar could be improved considering those factors.
Efficacy of Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor Combined With Autophagy Suppression Against Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Hui-ying , Li Ke-Nan , Lau Hui-Ching , Hsueh Chi-Yao , Cong Ning , Zhang Ming
Published: June 2021

Objective: We explored the antitumor effect of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor combined with autophagy suppression on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its underlying mechanism.Methods: Hep-2 and AMC-HN-8 cell lines were treated with the Akt inhibitor LY294002, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and dual inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 separately. The biological characteristics of in vitro proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and autophagy were analyzed, and the expression levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were also measured. The in vivo effects of NVP-BEZ235 combined with inhibition of autophagy using pharmacological inhibitor was further assessed.Results: Compared with Akt or mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BEZ235 had the most significant biological effects on LSCC cells. When combined with various autophagy inhibitors, along with siRNA against ATG7, NVP-BEZ235 showed a synergic antitumor effect in LSCC through increasing cell apoptosis and death both in vitro and vivo.Conclusion: NVP-BEZ235 exerted stronger antitumor effects on LSCC, especially when combined with the autophagy inhibitor, providing convincing experimental data for new molecular targeted therapy for LSCC.
Comprehensive Analysis of Expression and Prognostic Value for JMJD5 and PKM2 in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qi Ling , Li Li-Sha , Zhan Chao , Jiang Ming-Xia , Song Dong-Feng , Wu Yi-Ming , Gan Jun-Qing , Jin Ke-Xin , Huang Mei , Li yanjing , Du Xiao-Xue , Song Cheng-Xin
Published: June 2021

Background: Jumonji C-domain-containing (JMJD) family, a group of genes that regulate epigenetics, is involved in tumor development in several types of cancer. JMJD5 is a member of the JMJD family, and its clinical impact on stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains unclear. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promotes metabolism, tumor proliferation, and metastasis in various cancer types. However, the relationship between JMJD5 and PKM2 in STAD is yet to be established. In this study, we investigated the expressions and relationship of JMJD5 and PKM2 in patients with STAD. Furthermore, we evaluated the clinical significance between their expression and prognosis. In addition, we explored the transcriptional and survival effects of other 7 members of the JMJD family including JMJD1B, JMJD1C, JMJD2D, JMJD4, JARID2, HSPBAP1, TYW5 in patients with STAD.Methods: The expression of JMJD5 and PKM2 in STAD was examined using western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical staining. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical software program. The roles of JMJD1B, JMJD1C, JMJD2D, JMJD4, JARID2, HSPBAP1, TYW5 in STAD were examined using UALCAN, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter,the Human Protein Atlas, STRING, the cBiopotal, Metascape databases.Results: We discovered that the rates of low expression of JMJD5 and high expression of PKM2 in the tumor cells of STAD were 64.52.% and 62.37%, respectively. Moreover, there was a close connection between the expressions of JMJD5 and PKM2. We uncovered that the low expression of JMJD5 was related to poor differentiation (P = 0.002) and large tumor size (P = 0.044). The survival rate was low in patients with low expression of JMJD5 and high expression of PKM2. In addition, we found that JMJD1B, JMJD1C, JMJD2D, JMJD4, JARID2, HSPBAP1, TYW5 were high in the STAD tissues. Besides, gene expression levels were correlated with tumor stage and grade. Survival analysis demonstrated that high expressions of these genes, except JMJD1B, were associated with low survival rates. Moreover, a high mutation rate of these genes (82.22%) was observed in STAD patients.Conclusions: These findings implied that JMJD1B, JMJD1C, JMJD2D, JMJD4, JMJD5, JARID2, HSPBAP1, TYW5, and PKM2 could serve as potential therapeutic targets in patients with STAD and as novel biomarkers for the disease.
Effect of Hybrid Texture on Cutting Performance of WC/Co-based Coated Tools Turning Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Fu Yonghong , Zhou Yun , Yang Zetan , Yang Jie
Published: June 2021

When cutting aluminum alloy with WC/Co coated tools, severe adhesion and wear exist on the tool-chip contact interface, which are the major factors leading to failure of cutting tools. To address this problem and extend service life of cutting tools, this study introduced surface textures into coated tools, trying to integrate the anti-friction properties of micro-textures with the wear resistance properties of coatings to improve tribological characteristics of tools surface. Firstly, hybrid texture consisting of micro-scale pits and micro-scale grooves were fabricated on the rake surface close to the main cutting edge of carbide tools by picosecond laser. Subsequently, the textured tools were deposited with hard-coatings CrAlN via physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology and the hybrid textured CrAlN coated tool (MPG-T) was obtained eventually. Other texture combinations included micro-scale pits and micro-scale grooves distributed in the tool-chip contact zone. Wet cutting experiments were carried out on these prepared tools. Results showed that compared with micro-scale pitted coated tool (MP-T), micro-scale grooved (MG-T) and conventional coated tool (CCT), MPG-T tool performed better in cutting forces, friction coefficient, tool adhesion and wear on the rake face and the flank face, chip morphology. Moreover, the corresponding synergistic mechanisms of hybrid texture and coatings were proposed. It’s suggested that applying the results to actual industries can enhance the cutting performance of coated tools in machining of aluminum alloy.
Parathyroidectomy Protects Against Pathologic Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: Results From a Retrospective Single-center Trial
Authors: Jehn Ulrich , Kortenhorn Anja , Schütte-Nütgen Katharina , Thölking Gerold , Westphal Florian , Strauss Markus , Wennmann Dirk , Pavenstädt Hermann , Suwelack Barbara , Görlich Dennis , Reuter Stefan
Published: June 2021

Kidney transplant (KTx) recipients are a high-risk population for pathologic fractures. We herein aim to identify modifiable factors associated with pathological fractures and bone disease in KTx recipients. We conducted a retrospective study involving 711 adult patients (4608 patient-years) who were transplanted at our center between January 2007 and June 2015. Clinical data was extracted from patients’ electronic medical records. Different laboratory and clinical parameters for mineral bone disease (MBD) and osteoporosis including medication were evaluated. We chose fracture events unrelated to malignancies or adequate trauma as the primary endpoint. Pathologic fractures occurred in 47 (6.6%) patients (median 36.7 months, IQR 45.9) after KTx, fracture incidence of 10 per 1000 person-years). Prior to KTx, (subtotal) parathyroidectomy (PTX) was performed in 116 patients (16.3%) (median time 4.2 years before KTx, IQR 5.0). Of the patients with fracture (n= 47), only one (2.2%) patient was parathyroidectomized. After adjusting for known fracture risk factors for MBD and osteoporosis, PTX remained a protective factor against fractures (HR 0.134, CI 0.018 – 0.991, p=0.049). We observe a reduced risk for pathological fractures in parathyroidectomized KTx patients independent from elevated parathyroid hormone at the time of KTx or afterwards.