bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika dengan Pendekatan Neuroscience untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Siswa SMA
Authors: Asriyadin  , Muliana
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika menggunakan pendekatan neuroscience bagi siswa SMA. perangkat pembelajaran yang di maksud berupa RPP, LKS, intrumen penilaian pemahaman konsep siswa dan alat peraga fisika berbasis pendekatan neuroscience. Perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan memenuhi kriteria valid dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman konsep fisika siswa setelah menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan neuroscience. Selain itu melalui perangkat pembelajaran ini, siswa menjadi terbiasa berpikir secara baik dengan memanfaatkan cara berpikir otak sesuai dengan prinsip pendekatan neuroscience sehingga mampu memahami dengan baik konsep-konsep fisika yang diajarkan. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh peningkatan rata-rata kemampuan pemahaman konsep fisika siswa dari 56,30 menjadi 88,50. Dengan demikian menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan neuroscience dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman konsep fisika siswa.
Identifikasi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Mahasiswa Calon Guru SD di STKIP Taman Siswa Bima dan Cara Pengembangannya
Authors: Anisah  , Sri Lastuti
Published: February 2020

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika merupakan kemampuan seseorang dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika dengan menggunakan tahap-tahap penyelesaian yang jelas.  Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika menjadi aspek yng sangat penting bagi seseorang yang belajar matematika mengingat kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika menjadi salah satu indicator seseorang dikatakan memahami matematika. Namun nyatanya kemampuan tersebut masih menjadi masalah bagi sebagian siswa tidak terkecuali mahasiswa calon guru SD STKIP Taman Siswa Bima. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa dan mengkaji lebih mendalam dan secara lebih detail sejauh mana tingkat dan level kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika calon guru SD serta cara mengembangkannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Mahasiswa semester V kelas A dan Kelas B yang menempuh matakuliah pembelajaran matematika SD kelas awal. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksploratif.  Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa 1) kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika mahasiswa calon guru SD di STKIP Taman Siswa Bima dalam memahami masalah dan membuat rencana penyelesaian berada padakategori tinggi yang artinya sebagian mahasiswa tidak mengalami hambatan pada tahap tersebut. 2)  Tahapan yang dianggap paling sulit bagi mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika adalah pada tahap melaksanakan rencana dan menarik kesimpulan. Cara untuk mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika adalah 1) mahasiswa harus dibiasakan untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal terbuka  dan soal yang mampu merangsang berpikir kritis,  2) memilih metode yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika.
Trend Penelitian Pembelajaran Matematika “Analisis Jurnal Sains, Technology, Engginering, and Mathematics (STEM)”
Authors: Sudarsono
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini mengkaji trend penelitian pendidikan selama 5 tahun yang diambil dari jurnal internasional STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), akan dianalisis jumlah dan jenis publikasi, topik penelitian, dan 10 artikel paling banyak diakses serta 10 artikel paling banyak dikutip di seluruh dunia. Hasilnya memberikan gambaran tentang penelitian dan pengembangan pendidikan dalam jurnal internasional multidisiplin STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics).
Adolescent Postabortion Groups: Risk Reduction in a School-Based Health Clinic
Authors: Daly Joan Ziegler , Ziegler Robert , Goldstein Donna J.
Published: February 2020

A short-term postabortion group for adolescents was developed. Three groups were conducted in an adolescent mental health clinic within an urban high school-based health clinic. The clinical group experiences offered the adolescents an opportunity to integrate the experience of pregnancy and the abortion decision into their lives. At follow up, adolescents who participated in the postabortion counseling groups indicated that they chose and used a method of birth control, did not repeat an unplanned pregnancy, and remained in high school.
Patient & Staff Satisfaction with Integrated Services at Old Town Clinic: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Krautscheid Lorretta , Moos Paula , Zeller Jolyn
Published: February 2020

This quality improvement project provided a descriptive analysis of the patient population that received integrated mental and physical health care at Old Town Clinic, and evaluated patient and staff satisfaction with this model of care. Seventy-three patients and seven staff members were surveyed, using two satisfaction surveys distributed in January 2003. Survey data revealed that the majority of Old Town Clinic patients were homeless. Patients indicated high levels of satisfaction with the clinic’s location, ease of accessing care, and health promotion and illness prevention education. Staff satisfaction with this model of care was reported to be moderate regarding accessibility, response time, communication, support, treatment, completeness of care, and education. Recommendations for further research and implications for practice are offered.
Historical Interpretations of Alcohol Use & Misuse: Implications for Nursing Curricula
Authors: Hyman Zena
Published: February 2020

Since the 1950s, nursing schools have been encouraged to include some formal content on alcoholism in their curricula. Yet there remains an immense disparity between the prevalence of drug and alcohol problems in our society and the required number of hours on these topics in our nursing curricula. The International Nurses Society on Addictions calls on the nursing profession to promote healthy lifestyles for “at-risk” individuals. In a historical context, this article critiques the ambivalence related to alcohol use and misuse in the United States. Within that background, pedagogy to help nursing faculty and students meet current societal and professional demands and standards regarding intervention for alcohol-related problems will be explored. The constructivist educational and caring-educative models are highlighted.
Izzivi v turističnem sektorju: kako se evropske turistične destinacije soočajo s preturizmom // Challenges in tourism sector: how European tourism destinations are dealing with overtourism
Authors: Polajnar Horvat Katarina , Ribeiro Daniela
Published: February 2020

Turizem je pomemben vir gospodarske rasti, regionalnega razvoja in zaposlovanja, a se turistični sektor sooča z velikimi izzivi. Rast turizma in pritok turistov v gosto poseljena območja vplivata na: kakovost prostora, gentrifikacijo, manjšo ponudbo stanovanj zaradi višanja cen najemnin in nepremičnin ter tudi nižjo kakovost življenja lokalnih prebivalcev. V naši raziskavi smo na primeru izbranih evropskih destinacij želeli ugotoviti, kakšne so njihove zmožnosti za premagovanje izzivov preturizma. Razvili smo metodologijo za diagnostiko preturizma, ki temelji na štirih korakih: 1) kvantitativni opis destinacije, 2) kvalitativni opis nastajajočih izzivov, 3) kvalitativni opis ukrepov, ki jih sprejmejo destinacije, in 4) kvalitativni opis odgovorov na izvajanje ukrepov. Ugotovili smo, da kljub temu, da je na preučevanih destinacijah mogoče najti številne podobne izzive preturizma, so potrebni usmerjeni ukrepi za vsako destinacijo ali vsak tip destinacije, ki obravnava posamezne izzive. //
 
Tourism is considered as an important source of economic growth, regional development and employment; however tourism sector faces considerable challenges. The growth of tourism and the influx of tourists in densely populated areas, impacts upon: the spatial quality, gentrification, lowering housing offers by increasing rents and real estate prices, lowering the quality of life of local residents, among others. We aimed at carrying out a research on the ability of selected European destinations to overcome the challenges of overtourism. We have developed a methodology for diagnostics of overtourism, which is based on four steps: 1) quantitative description of the destination, 2) qualitative description of the emerging challenges, 3) qualitative description of the measures taken by the destinations, and 4) qualitative description of the responses to the implementation of the measures. We found out that even though many similar challenges can be found in the destinations studied, as a result of overtourism, it is necessary to identify measures for each destination or each destination type addressing individual challenges.
Preizkus metodologije določanja hidromorfoloških lastnosti rek na primeru Nadiže // Testing the methodology for determination of the hydromorphological properties of rivers in the case of the Nadiža river
Authors: Brečko Grubar Valentina , Kovačič Gregor
Published: February 2020

Prispevek predstavlja preizkus metodologije popisovanja hidromorfoloških lastnosti, ki je sestavni del ocenjevanja ekološkega stanja rek. Terensko kartiranje hidromorfoloških elementov Nadiže je na podlagi upoštevanja večine kazalnikov pokazalo, da je na preučevanem odseku reka hidromorfološko pretežno v naravnem stanju; indeks hidromorfološke spremenjenosti je 0,09, indeks hidromorfološke kakovosti pa 0,91, kar Nadižo na preučevanem odseku na podlagi hidromorfoloških elementov uvršča v razred zelo dobrega ekološkega stanja. To povezujemo s hidrogeografskimi značilnostmi zaledja oziroma povirje reke, kjer so vplivi človeka majhni. Preizkus metodologije je pokazal, da morajo biti zaradi zagotavljanja ustrezne objektivnosti rezultatov popisovalci za terensko delo primerno usposobljeni. Pri terenskem ocenjevanju hidromorfoloških lastnosti je za zagotavljanje večje natančnosti smiselno uporabiti različne sodobne pripomočke za terensko kartiranje. //
 
The paper presents the results of an evaluated methodology for mapping rivers’ hydromorphological properties as a part of the methodology for evaluation of rivers’ ecological status. A field mapping of hydromorphological elements of the Nadiža River in a one kilometre long section showed very natural morphological status of the river in a view of the majority of the parameters; Hydromorphological Modification Index of the section is 0.09 and Hydromorphological Quality Index is 0.91 respectively, which classify the Nadiža in class “very good ecological status” according to the hydromorphological properties. This is a consequence of the hydrogeographical characteristics of the hinterland, representing the headwaters of the river, where human impacts are negligible. Methodologically, the evaluation of assessed methodology showed that the professionals conducting the field mapping should be properly experienced in order to assure sufficient objectivity of the results. At field assessing of different river morphological properties, the usage of various gadgets for field mapping is recommended.
Še nekaj problemov pisanja zemljepisnih imen v slovenskem jeziku // Additional issues in writing geographical names in Slovenian
Authors: Kladnik Drago , Perko Drago
Published: February 2020

Tokratno, tretjo razpravo o bolj zapletenih vidikih in primerih rabe slovenskih zemljepisnih imen namenjamo predvsem slovenskim zemljepisnim imenom v Italiji, južnoslovanskim črkam (ki jih ni v slovenski abecedi) v slovenskih zemljepisnih imenih, slovenjenju imen gorovij, morij, jezer in rek ter svojilnim pridevnikom v slovenskih zemljepisnih imenih. Na koncu predstavljamo poenostavitve pri pisanju zemljepisnih imen, kot jih predvideva nastajajoči novi slovenski pravopis, in poudarjamo pomen sodelovanja med jezikoslovci, geografi in drugimi strokovnjaki. //
 
This third discussion on more complex aspects and examples of using Slovenian geographical names is primarily dedicated to Slovenian geographical names in Italy, South Slavic letters (that are not part of the Slovenian alphabet) in Slovenian geographical names, Slovenianizing the names of mountain ranges, seas, lakes, and rivers, and possessive adjectives in Slovenian geographical names. It concludes by presenting simplifications in how geographical names should be written as defined in the new Slovenian normative guide being prepared, and by emphasizing the importance of cooperation between linguists, geographers and other experts.
Primerjava uporabe prostovoljnih geografskih informacij za spremljanje poplav in potresov // Comparison of the volunteered geographic information usage to monitor floods and earthquakes
Authors: Triglav Čekada Mihaela , Radovan Dalibor
Published: February 2020

Prostovoljne geografske informacije in zajemanje podatkov množic sta izraza, ki govorita o uporabi informacij z geografskim položajem, ki jih posredujejo neorganizirani prostovoljci s pomočjo različnih spletnih orodij. Na primeru poplav in potresov bomo prikazali desetletno tujo prakso uporabe tovrstnih podatkov. Tovrstne podatke raziskovalci večinoma obravnavajo zgolj kot vhodni vir, ki pa je zelo uporaben pri kartiranju. Dobro priučene prostovoljce lahko obravnavamo kot »senzorje« in analitike. Kljub znatnemu povečanju števila prostovoljcev, pa vprašanja uporabe tovrstnih podatkov ostajajo: kako vzpodbuditi dovolj veliko množico prostovoljcev, da bomo dobili zadovoljiv prikaz naravne nesreče, kako izločiti nepravilne podatke, kako upoštevati avtorstvo podatkov in kako preprečiti izključenost tistih prostovoljcev, ki nimajo dostopa do spleta v času nesreče. //
 
Volunteered geographic information and crowdsourcing are terms, which describe the use of information with a geographic description, provided by unorganized volunteers through various online tools. In the case of floods and earthquakes, a ten-year international practice of volunteered geographic information usage is presented. Such data are by professionals considered only as an input source, which is very useful for mapping. When trained, volunteers can be treated as sensors and analysts. Despite the significant increase in the number of volunteers, open issues of such data usage remain: how to animate enough volunteers to get a satisfactory display of a natural disaster, how to exclude incorrect data, how to take into account the authorship of the data, and how to prevent the exclusion of those volunteers, which do not have access to the internet at the time of the accident.
A Framework and Cryptography Algorithm for Protecting Sensitive Data on
Cloud Service Providers
Authors: Mariam O. Alrashidi Mariam O. Alrashidi
Published: February 2020

Most companies are sceptical about the security and insurance measures offered by
cloud services and are reluctant to store sensitive data, such as employee records, in the cloud.
Thus, more effort is needed to support the security of information in cloud computing. This paper
proposes a cryptography algorithm called ―random algorithm‖ because it is built on the idea of
randomising the encryption of uploaded files among four encryption algorithms. The proposed
fragmentation technique helps add security and privacy to cloud storage applications. Based on
earlier studies, we have created a file-level fragmentation technique that does not work at the
database level, in contrast to commonly employed approaches in the case of fragmentation
techniques such as horizontal fragmentation, vertical fragmentation, and hybrid fragmentation,
which do work at the database level. The proposed encryption algorithm and fragmentation
technique work within an integrated security framework that includes a user authentication
gateway that encrypts user registration data through a cryptography algorithm called the RivestShamir-Adleman algorithm (RSA). The results of the proposed security framework were positive,
as it contributed to reducing the encryption time and decoding time by approximately 99%,
compared to earlier studies
Diagnóstico de producción más limpia de la empresa de rosquillas somoteñas “Delicias del Norte”, Somoto y la empresa de lácteos “el socorro”, Palacagüina, departamento de Madriz
Authors: Blandón Navarro Sandra Lorena , Morales Alfredo , Rivera Walkiria
Published: February 2020

Se realizó diagnóstico de “Producción más Limpia” en la empresa rosquillera “Delicias del Norte” y lácteos “El Socorro”. Con la investigación se determinó el consumo de agua, energía eléctrica, energía térmica, generación de desechos y rendimiento del producto, con la finalidad de elaborar plan de mejora para cada empresa y proponer alternativas de Producción más Limpia integradas a la cadena productiva de cada una. La metodología empleada consistió en visitar a las empresas para recolectar información observando el proceso, asimismo se aplicó entrevista a los empresarios. Por otro lado, se efectuó evaluación de impacto ambiental, empleando para ello la matriz de importancia de Leopold. De los resultados del estudio se determinó que el porcentaje de rendimiento de las rosquillas en el horneado es del 63.25%, debido a la pérdida de humedad. Durante el empaque el porcentaje de rendimiento es del 95.51%. Además, se determinó que el consumo de agua en la empresa es el adecuado, siendo de 1.11 litros de agua por cada bolsa de producto terminado. Se propusieron como medidas de mitigación la compra de extractores de calor en el área de moldeado. En las propuestas de mejora se sugiere la utilización de tina de acero inoxidable, la compra de termostato para el control de la temperatura del horno y llevar formatos de control para los productos. En la empresa de Lácteos “El Socorro” se encontró que el rendimiento de la leche es del 12.32% para la producción de queso. El suero es aprovechado en la elaboración de “requesón”, aun así, se identificó la necesidad de estandarizar el proceso, para lo que se propone la compra de una descremadora. Se propuso como medida de mitigación la construcción de una pileta para el depósito de aguas residuales provenientes del proceso. De lo anterior, se concluye que es necesaria la aplicación de las mejoras en la empresa, a fin de que puedan alcanzar posteriormente un reconocimiento en “Producción más Limpia”.
Incidencia de estudiantes monitores, en el rendimiento académico de educandos de Matemática IV, de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil, en la UNI Sede Regional del Norte, II semestre 2009
Authors: Díaz Corrales Alba Veranay
Published: February 2020

La presente investigación permitió la descripción y análisis de la incidencia de los estudiantes monitores, como facilitadores de aprendizaje, en el rendimiento académico de 51 estudiantes, integrantes del grupo (2M1) del turno matutino, de segundo año de la carrera de Ingeniera Civil, que cursaron la asignatura de matemática IV en el segundo semestre académico 2009. El enfoque  metodológico de la investigación fue un estudio de caso descriptivo, que integró en su desarrollo el paradigma tradicional cuantitativo de investigación, y la investigación cualitativa. Es un estudio longitudinal, porque se analizó todo el proceso de incidencia, desde el inicio del semestre hasta el final del mismo. En la investigación, se seleccionaron 5 estudiantes monitores, tomando en cuenta, principalmente, los criterios del docente tutor. En el grupo de estudio se obtuvo una nota promedio de 85, como resultado de la investigación, al comparar este promedio con los tres últimos años, se pudo comprobar que este aumentó, dado que el año 2006 fue de 59, en el 2007 de 65 y en el 2008 de 66. También, la cantidad de estudiantes aprobados en el 2009, fue superior a los años anteriores. El logro más relevante fue que, la implementación de los estudiantes monitores incidió en la mejora del rendimiento académico en la asignatura de matemática IV. Esto permitió crear las condiciones para la aplicación de evaluaciones  sistemáticas, mejor disposición al aprendizaje, así como mayor comunicación entre los estudiantes y la docente.
Formulación y validación de la pulpa de café ensilada con lactofermentos, para la preparación de complemento alimenticio para porcinos
Authors: Díaz Corrales Alba Veranay , Rodríguez Valle Naxon Atahualpa , Salinas López Freidy Martín
Published: February 2020

En la investigación “Formulación y validación de la pulpa de café ensilada con lacto fermentos para la preparación de un complemento alimenticio para porcinos”, se planteó evaluar la pulpa de café ensilada como un alimento no tradicional en el proceso de alimentación de porcinos, valorando el nivel de consumo y aceptabilidad del producto combinado con concentrado comercial. La fase experimental se realizó en la granja ubicada en la comunidad el Naranjo del Departamento de Estelí, con cuatro cerdos de raza criolla ¨casco de mula¨ y sexo hembras en la etapa de engorde. Se pudo determinar que se puede utilizar pulpa de café ensilada como complemento a la alimentación de cerdos, cuya digestibilidad se evidencio en un valor mayor al 70%. De igual manera se pudo corroborar que no puede suplir las demandas nutricionales que el concentrado comercial aporta en la etapa de engorde, por lo que se recomienda como complemento alimenticio hasta en un 15 % con concentrado comercial para cerdos. El costo de producción de 1 quintal de pulpa de café ensilada es de 272.7 córdobas netos aproximadamente, siendo este menor a un quintal de concentrado que tiene un costo de C$600.00 córdobas, teniendo los productores de café una alternativa para procesar la pulpa de café mediante el ensilaje y brindarla como complemento alimenticio para aquellas fincas que tengan crianza de cerdos o las personas que desean intentar alimentar a cerdos con complementos alimenticios más baratos que el concentrado comercial.
Advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma – Ain Shams Clinical Oncology Department Experience
Authors: Nagy Ahmed , Kamal Mona , Halawani Hesham El
Published: February 2020

Background: Renal cell carcinoma is a rare tumor and till recently few treatment options were available. It is poorly understood why people develop RCC since only a few etiologic factors have been clinically identified as risk factors for RCC.Purpose: To analyze our experience at Ain Shams University Clinical Oncology department in Egypt with patients presenting with advanced renal cell carcinoma to provide a correlations between clinic-pathological factors, treatment and survival outcomes.Methodology: Retrospective review of the data of 54 patients who were diagnosed as RCC and presented to Ain Shams University Clinical Oncology department in Egypt from 1 May 2013 till 1 May 2015. Descriptive and clinic-pathological data were described using simple and relative frequencies. Survival outcome for the patients will be described using Kaplan Meier curves stratified according to morphology, age group and treatment received.Results: The sample included 54 patients (53.7% were males) of whom 14.3% were less than 40 years and 3.7% were elderly (≥ 70 years old). The median age was 55.5 years (SD ± 13.6 , range 19-71). Median PFS was 6.5 months (SD ± 12.3846 Range 43) while the median OS was 13 months (SD ± 12.161 Range 46). PFS in patients aged below 55.5 years was 9 months (95% CI=6.509-11.491) compared to 4 months (95% CI=2.704-5.296) in older patients (p = .004). PFS in patients who achieved PR after sunitinb was 17 months (95% CI=6.916-27.084) compared to 5 months (95% CI=3.699-6.301) in patients who didn’t achieved PR (p < .001). OS in patients aged below 55.5 years was 15 months (95% CI=9.131-20.869) compared to 11 months (95% CI=8.947-13.053) in older patients (p = .012). Favorable pathology status was associated with prolonged OS of 14 months (95% CI= 9.403-18.597) versus 11 months (95% CI=8.363-13.637) for unfavourable pathology status (p = .11). Low grades histopathogy was associated with prolonged OS of 44 months (95% CI= 38.456-49.544) versus 12 months (95% CI=10.077-13.923) for higher grades (p = < .001).Conclusion: Multivariate analyses supported a conclusion that younger age was an independent prognostic factor for survival along with other known risk factors such as tumor grade and pathology status.
The Perceived Purpose of Professional Development Programs from the Science Teachers’ Perspective in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqahtani Mobarak M
Published: February 2020

The Saudi Arabian Government has made a substantial investment in reforming the science curriculum in Saudi Arabia. Creating sustainable education is a top priority of Saudi Arabian policy makers (BenDehash, 2005). The level of education received by students must prepare them for fieldwork in their area of expertise and, ultimately, help them to contribute to improving the economic position of the country. Studies have shown that reforms to the science curriculum that consider developments in local contexts increase the quality of students’ outcomes. For this reason, the government has developed a new curriculum in 2008 to target key learning areas of students and, ultimately, increase their academic performance. As BenDehash (2005) rightly asserts, radical development of the old curriculum addressed the rapid changes in local and international environments and assisted Saudi students to gain appropriate and relevant skills that will allow them to contribute both locally and internationally. This study will seek to address the discrepancies in PD programs in Saudi Arabia as well as provide insight for other countries in implementing successful PD programs for teachers.
Grundzüge des Zwangsvollstreckungsrechts
Authors: Muthorst Olaf
Published: February 2020

Das Zwangsvollstreckungsrecht gilt Vielen als abstrakt und schwierig – zu Unrecht! In Wirklichkeit ist es spannend und lebensnah! Die Grundstrukturen des Zwangsvollstreckungsrechts verstehen heißt auch das materielle Zivil- und öffentliche Recht zu erfassen. Alle Prüfungsordnungen verlangen hier in zunehmendem Maße Kenntnisse – seien Sie nicht fahrlässig und setzen Sie nicht auf Lücke!

Das Lehrbuch fokussiert auf die Grundbegriffe und Strukturen des Zwangsvollstreckungsrechts. In enger Anlehnung an den Gesetzestext – im Hin- und Herwandern des Blicks – erleichtern Ihnen zahlreiche Wiederholungsfragen und Fälle das Normverständnis und zugleich die Normanwendung. Streitstände und Theorien stehen nicht im Vordergrund. Vielmehr helfen Ihnen konkrete Rechtsprechung, im Wortlaut zitiert, und Literaturverweise sowie klausurorientierte Übersichten.
Overview of Selected Issues Related to Soldering
Authors: Dušek Karel , Bušek David , Veselý Petr
Published: February 2020

The formation of defects and imperfections in the soldering process can have many causes, which primarily include a poorly setup technological process, inappropriate or inappropriately used materials and their combinations, the effect of the surroundings and design errors. This chapter lists some examples of errors that can occur in soldering, while review is devoted to selected defects: non-wettability of the solder pads, dewetting, wrong solder mask design, warpage, head-in-pillow, cracks in the joints, pad cratering, black pad, solder beading, tombstoning, dendrites, voids, flux spattering from the solder paste, popcorning and whiskers.
Epidemiology of injuries in parkour and review literature
Authors: Giner-Gran MA.
Published: February 2020

El parkour es una actividad física cada vez más popular que continúa atrayendo practicantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la prevalencia de lesiones en el parkour así como la naturaleza, zona anatómica, procedimiento requerido, lugar dónde sucedió y movimiento de parkour. Se analizó a los practicantes de la Comunidad de Madrid, un total de 161 sujetos con una experiencia mínima de 12 meses y una práctica regular de al menos 1 vez por semana, empleando un cuestionario ad hoc. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de lesión del 70,2%, siendo más frecuentes: esguinces (22,3%) y contusiones (21,1%), extremidad inferior (69,9%) y superior (24,7%), no precisaron pruebas médicas ni cirugía (68,6%), parque/plaza (60,9%) y calle (28%), salto de precisión (18,8%) y salto de longitud (11,1%). Por consiguiente se confirma que el parkour es susceptible de sufrir lesiones, en su mayoría esguinces, en la extremidad inferior y no resultan graves.

Parkour is an increasingly popular physical activity that continues to attract practitioners. The aim of the study is to analyze the prevalence of injuries in parkour as well as nature, anatomical zone, required procedure, place where it happened and parkour movement. The practitioners of the Community of Madrid were analyzed, with a total of 161 subjects with a minimum of 12 months experience and at least 1 time per week regular practice, using an ad hoc questionnaire. The results show an injury prevalence of 70.2%, where are more frequent: sprains (22.3%) and contusions (21.1%), lower extremities (69.9%) and upper limbs (24.7%), did not need medical tests or surgery (68.6%), park or plaza (60,9%) and street (28%), and precision jump (18.8%) and running precision jump (11.1%). %). In conclusión, the data obtained confirm that parkour is susceptible to suffer injuries, mostly sprains, in the lower extremity and are not serious.
The Effect of Drinking Style on Alcohol-related Harm and Readiness to Change among the Indigenous Communities of Sabah
Authors: Joseph Asong
Published: February 2020

Aims: This study aims to examine the effect of drinking style on alcohol-related harm and readiness to change among the indigenous communities of Sabah.

Study Design: This study applied quantitative research design using a survey method.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in the West Coast Division of Sabah, between Sept 2018 to Dec 2018.

Methodology: A total of 56 villagers between age 18 to 56 years old (29 female, 27 male) have participated in this study. Purposive sampling by using Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) was applied to select hazardous and harmful drinkers among the indigenous communities of Sabah Data were analyzed by using IBMSPSS version 22.0.

Results: The study found a positive and significant effect of drinking style towards alcohol-related harm and readiness to change. The willingness and ability to make changes in their current behaviour to the new behaviour of drinking indicate participants who are at the hazardous and harmful drinking styles were reported experienced negative alcohol consequences. At the same time also, participants have shown their willingness and ability to make changes in their current behaviour to the new behaviour of drinking. It can explain the positive relation between alcohol-related harm and readiness among the participants. On the other hand, the more they experience the adverse effects of alcohol, the more they want to make a change in their drinking style.

Conclusion: These findings are significant to provide direction for the next action plan for intervention purposes aims to reduce the alcohol-related harm among the indigenous communities of Sabah.
The Qualitative Analysis of Psychosocial Profile of Juvenile Offenders and Exploration of Their Perception towards Delinquent Behaviors
Authors: Patowary Plabita , Gopalan Rejani Thudalikunnil
Published: February 2020

Juvenile delinquency or juvenile offending generally means the failure of children to meet certain obligations expected of them by the society. The study aimed for qualitative analysis of psychosocial factors which played a crucial role in exhibiting the delinquent behavior of juveniles and also explored the perception towards their offences. Cross sectional research design was used and thirty juveniles within the age range of 10-17 years involved in delinquent activities were selected by the use of purposive sampling method. Out of 30 juveniles, fifteen of them had committed heinous crimes like rape and murder and the remaining fifteen juveniles had committed non-heinous offenses like burglary, theft, kidnapping, physical assault and cybercrime. The qualitative analysis found many factors like poor tolerance level, anger management and school performance, media influence, low socio-economic status, presence of illness in the family and crime in neighborhood as risks for juvenile delinquency. It was also noticed that juvenile offenders had poor sense of responsibility, understanding or comprehension and awareness related to the delinquent act. Majority of them attributed their delinquent act to the external factors and denied having any positive feelings towards the victim. The exploration of risk factors and offenders understanding and perception toward crime would help in prevention and intervention programs. Implication and limitations of the study were discussed.
Combination of biological and chemical soil tests best predict maize nitrogen response
Authors: McDaniel M. D. , Walters D. T. , Bundy L. G. , Li X. , Drijber R. A. , Sawyer J. E. , Castellano M. J. , Laboski C. A. M. , Scharf P. C. , Horwath W. R.
Published: February 2020

Soil tests can help optimize nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates, thereby improving farmer profitability and environmental performance. In US Midwest maize (Zea mays) production, however, most soil N tests have limited accuracy to predict N fertilizer requirements. Here we tested the individual and combined ability of 30 soil tests (12 rapid N extractions, seven biological carbon or N tests, six long‐term incubation kinetic parameters, and five other routine soil tests), as well as environmental and management data, to predict maize response to N fertilizer across 56 site‐years in the US Midwest. Out of 30 soil tests, and across all site‐years, a 14‐d aerobic incubation best predicted whether maize responded to N fertilizer, and a 5‐min tetraphenyl borate extraction best predicted agronomic optimum N rate. We combined these two tests to evaluate their ability to predict N fertilizer response against the most commonly used soil N test in the US Midwest, the pre‐sidedress or late‐spring nitrate test (PSNT or LSNT). The combination of soil tests nearly doubled the ability to predict nonresponsive sites compared to PSNT, and on average resulted in a 40% reduction in over‐application and 37% reduction in under‐application of N fertilizer. Weather and management variables marginally improved the prediction of maize N response. Our results indicate that a simple combination of biological N mineralization (14‐d aerobic incubation) and chemical extraction (5‐min tetraphenyl borate) assays could improve current N fertilizer recommendations.
Influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms in patients undergoing colonoscopy
Authors: Hung Jui‐Sheng , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Wong Ming‐Wun , Lei Wei‐Yi , Chen Chien‐Lin
Published: February 2020

Abdominal symptoms and discomfort may occur after colonoscopy. Probiotics may modulate gastrointestinal symptoms. This prospective study investigated whether the application of probiotics may improve and alter abdominal symptoms after colonoscopy. This study was broadly randomized into adult participants undergoing colonoscopy who received probiotic capsules and others who did not receive probiotic capsules (controls). The study was divided into four groups as follows: participants taking probiotic capsules (containing the strain Lactobacillus casei sp. rhamnosus GG, 1500 mg) for 7 days before and after colonoscopy (Group 1), those taking such capsules 7 days before colonoscopy only (Group 2), those taking the probiotics 7 days after colonoscopy only (Group 3), and the control group, which was not administered probiotics (Group 4). Participants completed the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale at the baseline and 7 days after colonoscopy. We compared various symptoms, including abdominal pain, indigestion, reflux syndrome, constipation, and diarrhea, between the baseline and 7 days after colonoscopy. A total of 284 participants were studied, consisting of 72, 67, 74, and 71 patients in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. There was a significant reduction in abdominal pain for group 1 (P < .001), group 2 (P < .001), and group 3 (P = .005). Reflux symptoms were significantly reduced in all groups. Indigestion‐related symptoms decreased significantly in all participants except for those in group 4 (P = .063). Constipation and diarrhea symptoms decreased significantly in all participants. The percentage of participants with symptomatic improvement was more in group 1 than group 4 (the controls) for abdominal pain only (44.4% vs 25.4%, P = .036). Our study demonstrated that probiotics may improve gastrointestinal symptoms in patients undergoing colonoscopy. Probiotics appear to be useful in reducing abdominal pain in patients who have undergone colonoscopy.
Time from diagnosis to institutionalization and death in people with dementia
Authors: Joling Karlijn J. , Janssen Olin , Francke Anneke L. , Verheij Robert A. , Lissenberg‐Witte Birgit I. , Visser Pieter‐Jelle , van Hout Hein P.J.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Reliable estimates of time from diagnosis until institutionalization and death in people with dementia from routine nationally representative databases are lacking.

Methods

We selected 9230 people with dementia and 24,624 matched controls from family physicians’ electronic records linked with national administrative databases to analyze time until institutionalization and death and associated factors.

Results

Median time from recorded diagnosis until institutionalization and until death for people with dementia was 3.9 and 5.0 years, respectively, which was considerably shorter than for controls. Once institutionalized, median time to death was longer for persons with dementia (2.5 years) than for controls (1.2 years). Older age and receiving home care were the strongest predictors of shorter time until institutionalization and death in people with dementia. Gender, cohabitation, migration status, frailty, polypharmacy, and dementia medication were other significant factors.

Discussion

The estimates could help to inform patients, their families, and policymakers about probable trajectories.
Effect of granulating characteristics on harmless disposal of waste selective catalytic reduction catalyst in iron ore sintering process
Authors: Zhou Hao , Ma Pengnan , Zuo Yuhang , Wang Jiankang , lv Laiquan , Meng Hanxiao , Cen Kefa
Published: February 2020

The harmless treatment of waste selective catalytic reduction catalyst has become a thorny problem. In this investigation, a new method of harmless disposal of waste catalyst by utilizing iron ore sintering process is proposed, and the effect of granulating characteristics is studied. Results show that better bed permeability, shorter sintering time, and faster flame front speed could be characterized by applying higher granulating moisture. Sinter mineral and microstructure research found that wider distribution of skeleton‐crystal hematite while less calcium ferrite could be observed at higher granulating moisture. The porosity of sinter increases from 30.82% for granulating moisture 6.0% to 36.54% for granulating moisture 7.5% while the circle factor of pores decreases. Sinter index research results indicate that both tumbler index and yield have a descended trend whereas flame front speed increases with higher granulating moisture added. Productivity first increases then drops with increasing granulating moisture. Finally, a comprehensive index is used to evaluate the influence of granulating characteristics on sintering process, which first increases from 100 to 121 as granulating moisture increases from 6% to 6.5% then drops to 70.8 when granulating moisture further increases to 7.5%. The granulating moisture of 6.5% is recommended in present study.
Contrast‐enhanced optical coherence tomography for melanoma detection: An in vitro study
Authors: Jalilian Elmira , Xu Qiuyun , Horton Luke , Fotouhi Audrey , Reddy Shriya , Manwar Rayyan , Daveluy Steven , Mehregan Darius , Gelovani Juri , Avanaki Kamran
Published: February 2020

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), with a high‐spatial resolution (<10 microns), intermediate penetration depth (~1.5 mm) and volumetric imaging capability is a great candidate to be used as a diagnostic‐assistant modality in dermatology. At this time, the accuracy of OCT for melanoma detection is lower than anticipated. In this letter, we studied for the first time, the use of a novel contrast agent consist of ultra‐small nanoparticles conjugated to a melanoma biomarker to improve the accuracy of OCT for differentiation of melanoma cells from nonmelanoma cells, in vitro. We call this approach SMall nanoparticle Aggregation‐enhanced Radiomics of Tumor (SMART)‐OCT imaging. This initial proof of concept study is the first step toward the broad utilization of this method for high accuracy all types of tumor detection applications.
Optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of AA336 aluminum alloy‐boron carbide and fly ash reinforced hybrid composites by stir casting process
Authors: Arunachalam S. , Chelladurai S.J.S.
Published: February 2020

Boron carbide (10 wt%) and fly ash (5 wt%) particles are reinforced in AA336 aluminium alloy by stir casting process. Microstructure of samples are investigated and dry sliding wear factors viz., load (10 N–50 N), sliding distance (500 m–2500 m) and sliding velocity (1 ms−1–5 ms−1) are considered. Response surface methodology is used to design the experiments and wear weight loss of samples is measured. Regression equation is developed to predict the weight loss. Analysis of variance, significance test and confirmation test are used to find the significant wear parameters which affects the weight loss and the wear factors are optimized for obtaining lowest weight loss. Microstructure of samples showed uniform dispersion of particles in AA336 aluminium alloy. Wear test results showed that weight loss increased with increasing load and sliding distance. However, weight loss of samples decreased with increasing sliding velocity. Optimum dry sliding wear factors are found to be a load of 18.1 N, sliding distance of 905.4 m with a sliding velocity of 4.18 ms−1.
Study and evaluation of abrasive water jet turning process performance on AA5083
Authors: Kartal F.
Published: February 2020

In this study, the effect of processing parameters on surface roughness and macro surface characteristics was analyzed during the machining of Ø30 mm and 300 mm aluminum alloy AA5083 abrasive water jets. As the processing parameters (up to 10 mm min−1, 15 mm min−1, 20 mm min−1 and 25 mm min−1), abrasive flow rate (50 g min−1, 150 g min−1, 250 g min−1 and 350 g min−1), the lathe chuck rotational speed (25 min−1, 50 min−1, 75 min−1 and 100 min−1) and the nozzle approach distance (2 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm and 11 mm) were used in experiments. In experimental studies, the pump pressure (360 MPa) was used as a constant, in the form of an abrasive Garnet (100 mesh), and the nozzle diameter as 0.76 mm. According to the findings, the best results in terms of surface roughness were obtained as a result of turning speed and abrasive flow rate. When the macro surface characteristics were examined, it was found that the lathe chuck rotational speed increased, the rate of nozzle progression was low, the rate of abrasive flow was high and the nozzle approach distance was lower and the smoother surfaces were obtained.
Effect of water on excited‐state double proton transfer in 7‐azaindole‐H2O complex: A theoretical study
Authors: Yi Jiacheng , Fang Hua
Published: February 2020

The dynamics of excited‐state double proton transfer (ESDPT) depending on hydrogen bonding of water molecules to the mediating water were studied at the TD‐M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d, p) level. The additional H‐bonding accepting (aW) or donating (dW) water had an effect on the mechanism of ESDPT. The double proton transfer occurred in an asynchronous but concerted protolysis or solvolysis pattern dependence on the aW or dW, respectively. The aW or dW stabilized the corresponding protolysis or solvolysis mechanism, respectively. The extra aW and dW would increase the asynchronicity of proton transfer. The bridging water in ESDPT process needed only one single H‐bond accepting or donating solvent molecule relying on the protolysis or solvolysis mechanism energetically. The specific vibrational modes in the 7AIW‐aW, 7AIW‐dW, and 7AIW‐aW‐dW complexes red‐shifted due to aW or dW.
An embattled charismatic: assertiveness and invective in Niketas Stethatos’Spiritual Centuries
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk
Published: February 2020

The Stoudite monk Niketas Stethatos played an important role in the religious life of Constantinople. Of particular importance are hisSpiritual Centuries. In-depth analysis of this text reveals that it not only contains teachings about various aspects of spirituality. Niketas also makes numerous statements about the role of the mystic within society, which have no precedent in earlier spiritual literature. These statements are surprisingly specific and reflect Niketas’ self-image as a charismatic, his attempts to establish himself as an authoritative teacher of the Constantinopolitan populace, and his bitter feuds with those who opposed his activities.
DID CICERO ‘PROSCRIBE’ MARCUS ANTONIUS?
Authors: Ramsey John T.
Published: February 2020

Pliny's celebration of Cicero's consular achievements contains a striking anomaly, namely the assertion that Cicero proscribed Marcus Antonius(HN7.117). That statement turns Cicero, the victim of Antonius’ murderous vendetta, into the one who wielded the executioner's axe, and it abruptly shifts the focus of the passage from 63 to 43b.c.Two slight corrections to the Latin text can eliminate the intrusion of the proscriptions by substituting a reference to the control Cicero exercised in 63 over Gaius Antonius, his consular colleague and an old ally of Catiline. In hisIn Pisonem(§5), Cicero takes credit for combatting the threat posed by his colleague, and it is highly probable thatHN7.117 mentioned Gaius (not Marcus) Antonius as well, since Pliny's summary of Cicero's consular deeds and honours is nearly identical to the one found inPis. 4–6. The beauty of the emended text is that it restores both historical fact and a logical progression to the overall structure of Pliny's encomium.
Cytomegalovirus shedding in seropositive healthy women of reproductive age in Tianjin, China
Authors: Ju D. , Li X. Z. , Shi Y. F. , Li Y. , Guo L. Q. , Zhang Y.
Published: February 2020

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enters latency after primary infection and can reactivate periodically with virus excreted in body fluids which can be called shedding. CMV shedding during the early stage of pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. The shedding pattern in healthy seropositive women who plan to have babies has not been well characterised. Vaginal swabs, urine and blood were collected from 1262 CMV IgG-positive women who intended to have babies and tested for CMV DNA by fluorogenic quantitative PCR method. Serum IgM was also detected. The association between sociodemographic characteristics and CMV shedding prevalence was analysed. Among 1262 seropositive women, 12.8% (161/1262) were detected CMV DNA positive in at least one body fluid. CMV DNA was more frequently detected in vaginal secretion (10.5%) than in urine (3.2%) and blood (0.6%) also with higher viral loads (P < 0.00). CMV shedding was more likely detected in IgM-positive women than IgM-negative women (29.5% (13/44) vs. 12.2% (148/1218); OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.55–5.93; P = 0.001). CMV shedding in vaginal secretion was highly correlated with shedding in urine, the immune state of IgM, the adverse pregnant history and younger age. CMV shedding was more commonly detected in vaginal secretion than in urine or blood with higher viral loads among healthy seropositive women of reproductive age. Further studies are needed to figure out whether the shedding is occasional or continuous and whether it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Bildung und Psychiatrische Pflege
Authors: Schädle-Deininger Hilde
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung. Professionelle Psychiatrische Pflege hat in der psychosozialen Versorgung in Deutschland häufig noch nicht den Stellenwert, den sie in anderen europäischen Ländern einnimmt. Eine Ursache hierfür ist sicher, dass in fast allen anderen europäischen Staaten der Pflegeberuf im Hochschulbereich angesiedelt und akademisiert ist.