bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIVERSIFIKAS OLAHAN DAUN KELOR UNTUK MENUNJANG PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DAN PENCEGAHAN STUNTING KECAMATAN HINAI KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Sri Rahayu Ningsih  , Aqfi Farizi , Husaini Fakhri , Lubis Saddam Zulkhairi , Mhd. Furqan Mhd. Furqan
Published: September 2024

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan anak, terutama di periode emas tumbuh kembang. Kekurangan gizi pada masa ini dapat menyebabkan anak menjadi lebih pendek dari standar normal. Salah satu upaya pencegahan stunting adalah dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal seperti tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera), yang kaya akan protein dan nutrisi lainnya. Namun, konsumsi daun kelor dalam bentuk sayuran seringkali kurang disukai oleh anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi pemanfaatan puding daun kelor sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting di Kelurahan Kebun Lada menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa puding daun kelor, dengan tekstur lembut, rasa manis, dan bentuk menarik, dapat meningkatkan penerimaan anak terhadap konsumsi daun kelor. Dengan demikian, puding daun kelor menjadi salah satu alternatif yang efektif dalam memperbaiki asupan gizi anak-anak dan mencegah stunting.
The Effect of Kinesio Tape® on Lower Extremity Functional Movement Screen™ Scores
Authors: An Hyun Mo , Miller Catherine , McElveen Michael , Lynch James
Published: September 2024

The purpose was to determine if application of Kinesio Tape (KT®) improves lower extremity scores on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). Individual FMS™ score assessments of 32 college students were obtained. The subjects were then randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group had a second FMS™ score after application of KT® to the lower extremity while the control group had a second FMS™ score with no intervention. 16 varsity women’s basketball players and 16 non-varsity female students (Tegner Scale: 6.84 ±1.25, Age: 19±1.2, Height: 165.1±15.1cm, Weight: 68.1±10.9kg) at a NCAA Division II institution participated. FMS™ scores were collected and recorded by the principal investigator. Data was analyzed through two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post hoc analysis indicated the treatment group significantly improved in comparison to the control group (Left: P<.001, 95% CI: .283 - .467; Right P<.001, 95% CI: .327 - .523) for both sides of the Hurdle Step. There were no interactions with Deep Squat (P=0.667) or either side of In-Line Lunge (Left: P=0.291, and Right: P=0.530). There were no interactions with either group in Deep Squat and In-Line Lunge of FMS™. However, there was a significant interaction with both groups in the Hurdle Step of FMS™. Findings from this research suggest that KT® may improve movement that incorporates a non-weight-bearing segment.
Physiologic Responses, Liking and Motivation for Playing the Same Video Game on an Active Versus a Traditional, Non-Active Gaming System.
Authors: Sanders Gabriel , Santo Antonia , Peacock Corey , von Carlowitz Kyle-Patrick , Williamson Megan , Barkley Jacob
Published: September 2024

Evidence suggests that individuals playing certain video games on the Nintendo Wii® (Wii) exhibit increased energy expenditure versus traditional video games, although little research examines non-Wii Sports/Fit games. The purpose of this study is to assess physiologic responses, liking, and the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of a popular, non-Wii sports video game for the Wii relative to the same game played on a traditional, non-active system. Twenty-four college-aged students participated. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (O2) was assessed during rest and when playing the following games: Madden NFL 2011® for Playstation 2 (PS2 Madden) and the Wii (Wii Madden), and Wii Sports Boxing. The RRV was assessed for Wii Madden versus PS2 Madden. Analysis of variance demonstrated a main effect for condition (p ≤ 0.01) as O2 (5.2 ± 0.2 ml·kg-1·min-1 Wii, 4.1 ± 0.1 ml·kg-1·min-1 PS2, 3.7 ± 0.1 ml·kg-1·min-1, rest) and heart rate (89.2 ± 2.7 bpm Wii, 79.7 ± 2.5 bpm PS2, 79.1 ± 2.5 bpm, rest) was greater for Wii Madden than PS2 Madden and rest. Heart Rate (105.4 ± 5.3 bpm) and O2 (10.4 ml·kg-1·min-1) for Wii Sports Boxing was significantly greater than all other conditions (p ≤ 0.003). The RRV was not significantly different between Wii Madden and PS2 Madden (p = 0.50). Compared to the same game on a traditional system, Wii Madden is more physiologically challenging and equally reinforcing. However, Wii Madden would not be categorized as moderate-intensity physical activity.
Ground Reaction Forces Generated by Twenty-eight Hatha Yoga Postures
Authors: Wilcox Sylvia , Hager Ron , Lockhart Barbara , Seeley Matthew
Published: September 2024

Adherents claim many benefits from the practice of yoga, including promotion of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. However, no known studies have investigated whether yoga enhances bone mineral density. Furthermore, none have estimated reaction forces applied by yoga practitioners. The purpose of this study was to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data on a variety of hatha yoga postures that would commonly be practiced in fitness centers or private studios. Twelve female and eight male volunteers performed a sequence of 28 hatha yoga postures while GRF data were collected with an AMTI strain-gauge force platform. The sequence was repeated six times by each study subject. Four dependent variables were studied: peak vertical GRF, mean vertical GRF, peak resultant GRF, and mean resultant GRF. Univariate analysis was used to identify mean values and standard deviations for the dependent variables. Peak vertical and resultant values of each posture were similar for all subjects, and standard deviations were small. Similarly, mean vertical and resultant values were similar for all subjects. This 28 posture yoga sequence produced low impact GRF applied to upper and lower extremities. Further research is warranted to determine whether these forces are sufficient to promote osteogenesis or maintain current bone health in yoga practitioners.
Exploring Digital Media Literacy: A Case Study of Elderly Deaf Users in Slovenia
Authors: Horvat Laura , Čakš Peter , Lovrenčič Držanič Irena , Kožuh Ines
Published: September 2024

This study explores digital media literacy and usage patterns among elderly deaf individuals in Slovenia. Interviews with two participants revealed moderate digital literacy but limited digital media literacy, particularly in critical media consumption. The participants use social media mainly for communication and information. The findings highlight a potential relationship between digital media literacy and usage frequency, underscoring the need for tailored digital literacy training for the deaf community.
Imparcialidade do juízo no processo penal diante do desentranhamento de provas ilícitas: As consequências do veto ao §4º do art. 157 do Código de Processo Penal à luz do modelo constitucional de processo.
Authors: Barros Vinícius Diniz Monteiro de , Amaral Max Mansur Coelho
Published: September 2024

Este artigo é resultado de uma monografia desenvolvida pelo autor, na qual se realizou um estudo acerca do veto presidencial a texto de lei que alterava o Código de Processo Penal. Essa vedação permitiu a continuidade dos trabalhos do juiz perante um processo em que provas ilícitas tenham sido desentranhadas. Seu objetivo foi analisar as possíveis consequências para a imparcialidade do julgamento à luz do Modelo Constitucional de Processo utilizando como embasamento estudos doutrinários que confrontem pontos divergentes em torno do que seria mais condizente com um Estado Democrático. Seu método de pesquisa é o denominado dedutivo-hipotético. Os resultados apontam que, o entendimento mais condizente com um Estado Democrático e com o Modelo Constitucional de Processo seria a manutenção do texto que foi suprimido pelo veto, ou seja, o juiz que teve contato com provas ilícitas não poderia sentenciar naquele processo.
A importância do ensino da criminologia nos cursos de formação das áreas de Segurança Pública
Authors: Cruz Carla Fernanda , Santos Kamila Luzia Doxa
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo trata da imprescindibilidade do estudo da Criminologia nos cursos de formação das áreas de Segurança Pública, como forma de possibilitar ao agente uma visão filosófica e mais crítica acerca do entendimento dos objetos desta disciplina, quais sejam: o crime, o criminoso, a vítima e o controle social. Dispõe, ainda, sobre o levantamento histórico das Escolas Criminológicas, bem como sua evolução. Além disso, versa sobre o papel da polícia, em um Estado que deve assegurar os direitos e garantias fundamentais, essencialmente, no que diz respeito às bases democráticas e cidadãs. Quanto à problemática, refere-se à análise da importância da inserção de tal conteúdo nos cursos de formação das áreas de Segurança Pública, sendo a hipótese da essencialidade de se pensar sobre os valores dos órgãos de Segurança Pública, tendo como respaldo o conhecimento criminológico. Quanto ao objetivo geral, este visa à identificação da importância do ensino da Criminologia nos cursos de formação das áreas de Segurança Pública. Para finalizar, a metodologia será a exploratória, valendo-se do método hipotético- dedutivo, através de uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio dos embasamentos teóricos sobre a temática.
O papel do delegado de polícia no enfrentamento à violência doméstica, familiar e afetiva contra a mulher
Authors: Celestino Amanda Machado
Published: September 2024

A atuação constitucional do delegado de polícia no Estado Democrático de Direito pós 1988 tem o viés de defesa dos direitos e garantias individuais. A legislação ordinária específica de proteção dos direitos da mulher em situação de violência, em consonância com os tratados internacionais de direitos humanos, acrescenta às funções do delegado de polícia uma atuação multifacetada diante da violência de gênero. O delegado de polícia passa a ser percebido como integrante do sistema de segurança pública dotado de capacidade técnico-jurídica para analisar com sensibilidade os riscos imediatos a que a mulher em situação de violência está submetida. Com este trabalho, busca-se trazer à baila reflexões sobre como o olhar multifacetado do delegado de polícia pode contribuir para o enfrentamento da violência de gênero contra a mulher e como as delegacias da Polícia Civil podem funcionar como um núcleo acolhedor de mulheres em situação de violência de gênero para rompimento do ciclo de violência.
Asfixias homicidas no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil – 2011 a 2020
Authors: Torres Apollo Nobre
Published: September 2024

O Brasil é o líder mundial em número absoluto de assassinatos e uma das modalidades mais cruéis desse crime é a asfixia, que foi recepcionada no código penal como qualificadora do crime de homicídio. O estudo teve como objetivo traçar um perfil das diversas variáveis envolvidas nos homicídios consumados por meio de asfixias mecânicas. Analisou-se os registros de mortes violentas intencionais causadas por estrangulamento e/ou esganadura no estado de Minas Gerais no período de 2011 a 2020. Foram identificadas 198 ocorrências de asfixias homicidas, sendo as vítimas predominantemente do sexo masculino (54%), com idade entre 21 e 40 anos (48,9%) e 11,6% do total sofreu algum tipo de violência sexual. Acerca das autorias, 91,9% dos autores identificados eram homens, 73,2% apresentavam algum vínculo com a vítima e 61,9% tinham no máximo 30 anos. Os cadáveres das vítimas fatais foram encontrados majoritariamente em lugares privados ou ermos. Os dados demonstraram que a proporção de vítimas mulheres era quase 6 vezes maior do que nos homicídios em geral. Concluiu-se que o crime de homicídio consumado por meio de asfixia apresenta particularidades em relação aos assassinatos em geral que auxiliam os profissionais de segurança pública na compreensão da dinâmica desse crime e na identificação da autoria.
O ‘Built to Suit Suit’ via chamamento público: experiência de implantação da modalidade de locação sob medida na PCMG
Authors: Gontijo Amanda Fernanda , Silva Antônio Cipriano das Neves
Published: September 2024

O ‘built to suit’ ou locação sob medida é uma locação a longo prazo, na qual o locador constrói imóvel sob encomenda do locatário. Sua prática iniciou-se nos Estados Unidos e atualmente está difundida no Brasil, já havendo previsão legislativa. Entes públicos já têm adotado, mas para a PCMG e demais órgãos do Estado de Minas Gerais é uma novidade, em fase de implantação para a sede do Departamento de Polícia de Patos de Minas, que busca imóvel adequado à prestação do serviço público, compatível com necessidades de instalação/localização de unidades policiais e no valor de mercado.
Cartilagem tritícea e sua importância na medicina legal: Relato de caso de revisão de literatura
Authors: Barra Flávia Fonseca de Carvalho , Corradi Luciene Menrique , Cardoso Márcio Alberto , Marinho Vanessa Fortes Zschaber , Lima Aroldo Wilson de Oliveira Almeida , Barbosa Clara Quintero
Published: September 2024

A caracterização de fraturas das estruturas laríngeas tem grande importância na evidência de trauma das vias aéreas. Diante de caso sugestivo de asfixia por constrição cervical, a análise minuciosa da laringe é realizada à necropsia. No entanto, existem variações anatômicas que se assemelham a fraturas e podem levar à suspeita de lesão patológica, alterando o curso da investigação. A mais prevalente destas variações é a cartilagem tritícea. Este trabalho visa a relatar um caso de necropsia em que foi identificada cartilagem tritícea e dissertar sobre como sua presença foi um fator limitador na conclusão do laudo da perícia médico-legal. O conhecimento adequado da anatomia, em suas etapas de desenvolvimento, e das possíveis variações laríngeas por parte dos médicos legistas é fundamental, evitando consequências irreversíveis no âmbito jurídico. Isso tem valor inequívoco em casos de necropsias de cadáveres em avançado estado de putrefação, em que há prejuízo na análise macro e microscópica dos tecidos. Uma análise pormenorizada do corpo será fator determinante para o fornecimento de dados robustos para a conclusão processual.
A vitimização secundária de testemunhas em inquéritos policiais e processos criminais na apuração de homicídios
Authors: Paula Michelle Hahn de
Published: September 2024

Secondary victimization, or re-victimization, is a phenomenon caused by state agents involved with the criminal justice system, affecting victims and witnesses of crimes, especially homicide crimes. A significant number of witnesses choose not to collaborate with justice in the investigation of the homicide, for fear of retaliation by criminals and lack of police or court protection, which ends up leading to impunity. This study aimed to analyze the process of secondary victimization of witnesses in police inquiry and criminal proceedings in the homicide investigation, in addition to identifying the causes of such victimization and proposing actions that may minimize it. Non-systematic bibliographic research was carried out in the Google Scholar and Scielo databases, using the terms “vitimização de testemunhas”, “homicídio”, “witness victimization”, “secondary witness victimization” and “homicide secondary victimization” as keywords, applying the specific period filter (2016 – 2021). Thirteen probable causes for secondary victimization were identified, proposing some measures to try to avoid or minimize it. It was concluded that only by protecting homicide witnesses will it be possible to achieve better rates in the investigation of these crimes.
Perfil criminal geográfico - geoprofiling - Demonstração prática: caso dos meninos emasculados do Maranhão
Authors: Cobucci Camila Ramos
Published: September 2024

Pretende-se, neste trabalho, apresentar um dos desdobramentos do Criminal Profiling, denominado Perfil Criminal Geográfico - Geoprofiling, que tem sua base teórica na Criminologia Ambiental. Trata-se de uma técnica elaborada em meados da década de 90, que busca auxiliar os trabalhos investigativos e utiliza como base as informações geográficas dos locais de crime e das vítimas, no intuito de elaborar um perfil criminal geográfico do ofensor que possibilite a orientação das buscas a serem feitas pela equipe de investigação. Utilizou-se, como exemplo de aplicação prática, a investigação dos assassinatos em série que ocorreu entre os anos de 1991 e 2003, conhecida como o Caso dos Meninos Emasculados do Maranhão. Os resultados demonstraram que, quando presentes os requisitos exigidos, a técnica de geoprofiling pode ser aplicável como técnica investigativa auxiliar às tradicionais.
Estrutura e dinâmica do primeiro comando da capital: O potencial da aproximação entre literatura acadêmica e estudos policiais, a partir do caso de Uberlândia - MG
Authors: Batista Daniel Azevedo
Published: September 2024

O presente estudo evidenciará os contornos da organização criminosa Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) na cidade de Uberlândia MG, a sua estrutura, a divisão de tarefa entre os membros, como se desenvolvem as interações entre seus integrantes, a relação destes com agentes do estado, as redes de proteção e vinculações com as hierarquias superiores. Através da revisão literária sociológica e antropológica sobre o Primeiro Comando da Capital, em comparação com o estudo sistemático de um inquérito matriz instaurado no ano de 2020, após manifestações violentas de integrantes do PCC contra agentes de segurança pública, busca-se demonstrar a importância dos trabalhos acadêmicos, fundamentais para o processo de decisão dos agentes públicos no curso das investigações e produção do conhecimento de inteligência. Argumenta-se que existe uma influência mais acentuada das hierarquias superiores do PCC radicadas no estado de São Paulo sobre os integrantes que agem no Triângulo Mineiro, especialmente na cidade de Uberlândia, em relação ao que foi observado nos estudos que abordaram outras regiões do estado de Minas Gerais, o que se denota pela força do setor disciplinar, estrutura fundamental para a organização criminosa em estudo.
Diagnóstico operacional da seção técnica de perícias em áudio, vídeo e fonética forense: ano 2016-2023
Authors: Caiafa Nicola Luca , Silva Adelino Pinheiro , Ferreira Geovane Rodrigues , Franco Júlia Teixeira de Melo
Published: September 2024

A Seção Técnica de Perícias em Áudio, Vídeo e Fonética Forense (SPAVFF) é responsável pela realização de exames, padronização, pesquisa e treinamento em perícias em material audiovisual e eletrônicos. No presente trabalho é apresentado um estudo das demandas e produção de exames perícias da SPAVFF, considerando o período histórico de janeiro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2023. A análise dos dados, utilizando modelos estatísticos clássicos, indica que a incorporação dos exames de remoção de bloqueio de celulares impactou na produção de exames típicos da Seção, apesar de não impactar na produtividade da equipe. Os dados também indicam que o apoio à Seção Técnica de Engenharia Legal (STEL) impactou na redução da produtividade da equipe em 44% e aumentou o acumulado dos exames típicos da SPAVFF em 430%. Sobre o cálculo da produtividade por perito, notou-se que, durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19, com pelo menos um teletrabalho semanal, a equipe apresentava uma produção individual média 18,5% maior.
Supralinear dendritic integration in murine dendrite-targeting interneurons
Authors: Griesius Simonas , Richardson Amy , Kullmann Dimitri M
Published: September 2024

Non-linear summation of synaptic inputs to the dendrites of pyramidal neurons has been proposed to increase the computation capacity of neurons through coincidence detection, signal amplification, and additional logic operations such as XOR. Supralinear dendritic integration has been documented extensively in principal neurons, mediated by several voltage-dependent conductances. It has also been reported in parvalbumin-positive hippocampal basket cells, in dendrites innervated by feedback excitatory synapses. Whether other interneurons, which support feed-forward or feedback inhibition of principal neuron dendrites, also exhibit local non-linear integration of synaptic excitation is not known. Here we use patch-clamp electrophysiology, and 2-photon calcium imaging and glutamate uncaging, to show that supralinear dendritic integration of near-synchronous spatially clustered glutamate-receptor mediated depolarization occurs in NDNF-positive neurogliaform cells and oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons in the mouse hippocampus. Supralinear summation was detected via recordings of somatic depolarizations elicited by uncaging of glutamate on dendritic fragments, and, in neurogliaform cells, by concurrent imaging of dendritic calcium transients. Supralinearity was abolished by blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs) but resisted blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels. Blocking L-type calcium channels abolished supralinear calcium signalling but only had a minor effect on voltage supralinearity. Dendritic boosting of spatially clustered synaptic signals argues for previously unappreciated computational complexity in dendrite-projecting inhibitory cells of the hippocampus.
Cryo-EM structure of the CBC-ALYREF complex
Authors: Clarke Bradley P , Angelos Alexia E , Mei Menghan , Hill Pate S , Xie Yihu , Ren Yi
Published: September 2024

In eukaryotes, RNAs transcribed by RNA Pol II are modified at the 5′ end with a 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap, which is recognized by the nuclear cap binding complex (CBC). The CBC plays multiple important roles in mRNA metabolism, including transcription, splicing, polyadenylation, and export. It promotes mRNA export through direct interaction with a key mRNA export factor, ALYREF, which in turn links the TRanscription and EXport (TREX) complex to the 5′ end of mRNA. However, the molecular mechanism for CBC-mediated recruitment of the mRNA export machinery is not well understood. Here, we present the first structure of the CBC in complex with an mRNA export factor, ALYREF. The cryo-EM structure of CBC-ALYREF reveals that the RRM domain of ALYREF makes direct contact with both the NCBP1 and NCBP2 subunits of the CBC. Comparing CBC-ALYREF with other cellular complexes containing CBC and/or ALYREF components provides insights into the coordinated events during mRNA transcription, splicing, and export.
QTL mapping for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging in common wheat in two introgression line (IL) populations
Authors: Yang Zhenrong , Wu Jirong , Wang Qiyu , Chen Weiguo , Shi Huawei , Shi Yugang , Yang Jinwen , Li Ning , Sun Daizhen , Jing Ruilian
Published: September 2024

Background

Seed vigor recognized as a quantitative trait is of particular importance for agricultural production. However, limited knowledge is available for understanding genetic basis of wheat seed vigor.

Methods

The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for 10 seed vigor-related traits representing multiple aspects of seed-vigor dynamics during artificial aging with 6 different treatment times (0, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h) under controlled conditions (48 °C, 95% humidity, and dark). The mapping populations were two wheat introgression lines (IL-1 and IL-2) derived from recipient parent (Lumai 14) and donor parent (Shaanhan 8675 or Jing 411).

Results

A total of 26 additive QTLs and 72 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected for wheat seed-vigor traits. Importantly, chromosomes 1B and 7B contained several co-located QTLs, and chromosome 2A had a QTL-rich region near the marker Xwmc667, indicating that these QTLs may affect wheat seed vigor with pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, several possible consistent QTLs (hot-spot regions) were examined by comparison analysis of QTLs detected in this study and reported previously. Finally, a set of candidate genes for wheat seed vigor were predicted to be involved in transcription regulation, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Conclusion

The present findings lay new insights into the mechanism underlying wheat seed vigor, providing valuable information for wheat genetic improvement especially marker-assisted breeding to increase seed vigor and consequently achieve high grain yield despite of further investigation required.
Walking on different inclines affects gait symmetry differently in the anterior-posterior and vertical directions: implication for future sensorimotor training
Authors: Xie Haoyu , Chien Jung H.
Published: September 2024

A symmetric gait pattern in humans reflects near-identical movement in bilateral limbs during walking. However, little is known about how gait symmetry changes on different inclines. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap using the central pattern generator and internal model hypotheses. Eighteen healthy young adults underwent five 2-minute walking trials (inclines of +15%, +8%, 0%, −8%, and −15%). Dependent variables included step time, step length, step width, maximum heel clearance, time to peaks of maximum heel clearance, their corresponding coefficients of variation (CV), and respective symmetry indices (SI). Significant differences were observed in SI of step length (p = .022), step length variability (p < .001), step width variability (p =.001), maximum heel clearance (p < .001), and maximum heel clearance variability (p = .049). Compared to level walking, walking at −8% and −15% inclines increased SI of step length (p = .011, p = .039 respectively) but decreased SI of maximum heel clearance (p = .025, p = .019 respectively). These observations suggested that incline walking affected gait symmetry differently, possibly due to varied internal models used in locomotion. Downhill walking improved vertical gait symmetry but reduced anterior-posterior symmetry compared to level walking. Downhill walking may be a preferable rehabilitation protocol for enhancing gait symmetry, as it activates internal model controls. Even slight downhill inclines could increase active control loading, beneficial for the elderly and those with impaired gait.
Relationship between satisfaction of work-related needs and forms of motivation for the pursuit of scholarly activity by chiropractic faculty
Authors: Major Christine A. , Visconti Sarah , Novak Melinda , Ross Kathryn , Burnham Kara D.
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study sought to determine whether chiropractic faculty were extrinsically, introjectedly, or intrinsically motivated to pursue scholarship; if satisfaction of a faculty member’s work-related needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness correlated with intrinsic motivation to pursue scholarly activities; and to identify barriers to faculty participation in scholarship.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was administered to full-time faculty at 2 chiropractic institutions in the United States. Survey items assessed whether faculty perceived their work-related needs as met, which motivation type they displayed, and perceived barriers to performing scholarly work. Pearson correlation was used to measure the relationships between satisfaction of the work-related needs and intrinsic motivation. Content analysis was used to analyze faculty responses regarding perceived barriers.

Results

On average, survey items indicating extrinsic motivation received 52.2% of positive responses, those indicating intrinsic motivation received 47.8% of positive responses, and those indicating introjected motivation received 26.7%. Intrinsic motivation was positively correlated with each of the work-related needs (autonomy: r = .34, p = .067; competence: r = .52, p = .004; relatedness: r = 0.34, p = .063). Four categories of barriers were reported: time constraints, lack of knowledge, lack of support, and lack of interest.

Conclusion

In this sample, chiropractic faculty most frequently identified with survey items indicating extrinsic motivation. Satisfaction of each of the 3 work-related needs was positively correlated with intrinsic motivation; however, competence showed a significant correlation indicating as competence is satisfied faculty are more likely to be intrinsically motivated to pursue scholarship. Perceived lack of time, knowledge, and support were reported barriers to the pursuit of scholarship.
Role of Toxin Produced by Alternaria alternata in Leaf Blight of Anthurium and Its Detoxification by Antagonists
Authors: Thangeswari S. , Deivamani M. , Paramasivam M. , Govindan K. , Malathi S. , Satya V.K. , Ramjegathesh R. , Sasikumar K.
Published: September 2024

A study was conducted to investigate the degradation of the phytotoxin produced by the anthurium leaf blight pathogen Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler by antagonistic bacterial and fungal strains. Toxin extracted from leaf blight pathogen caused by A. Alternata showed the typical symptoms of detached leaves and increased the loss of electrolytes from anthurium leaves. Among the biocontrol agents tested, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CFP1 was found to be highly effective detoxification of the pathogen toxin by utilizing the carbon source.
Juvenile Hormone Mimics as Biochemical Enhancers for Silk Production in Bombyx mori L.: Evidence from Plant Extracts
Authors: Garai Ishita , KM Lohithashwa , K Ramya Harika , GH Shruthi , Reddy Naveen Chandra , Bharathi Karthick Mani , V Vasanth
Published: September 2024

Aim: To study the Effect of juvenile hormone mimics on the biochemical parameters of silkworm.
Study Design: Factorial Complete Random Design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Sericulture, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam during 2021-2022.
Methodology: Topical application of 20% and 30% acetone extracts of Juvenile hormone mimics at different interval of larval duration viz. IV and V instar of silkworm as single treatment (on first day of V instar) and double treatment (twice – first day of IV and V instar). Silkworm breed used Double Hybrid (FC1XFC2).
Results: Double administration at 20% and 30% concentration for Pinus and Tapioca treated larvae—increases, it is observed that the amount of expression of biochemical traits increases. Significantly higher silk gland protein content of (119.85 mg/g) was recorded in double dose @ 30% Pinus with highest fat body protein of 51.00 mg/g and least was recorded in untreated control. Serimore recorded highest aspartate aminotransferase activity (264.24 µg/ml) followed by Pinus (269.93 µg/ml) whereas 563.22 µg/ml and 558.31 µg/ml alanine aminotransferase activity recorded when treated with pinus and serimore respectively.
Conclusion: Among the phutojuvenoids, pinus was best followed by tapioca and then custard apple. Among tapioca series, tapioca plant showed best result followed by tapioca leaf and tapioca branch. In case of custard apple series, custard apple plant was better followed by custard apple branch and least by custard apple leaf. Pine was found to be on par with commercially available JHA serimore.
Evaluation of Phyto Extracts for the Management of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) Caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler
Authors: Babu Maddumala Vasu , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of selected phyto-extracts for the management of alternaria leaf spot on black gram caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, under field conditions. Three replications of black gram were planted in a randomized block design. At the research plot of the Central Research Field, Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during Zaid season of 2023. Neem leaf extract, onion bulb extract, ginger rhizome extract, garlic clove extract, ashoka leaf extract and Mancozeb were applied as foliar spray. All the treatments were found significantly reduced the disease severity and increased the yield. Among all the treatments garlic clove extract @ 10% was recorded minimum disease intensity (25.62) and maximum yield (7.45 q/ha) and cost benefit ratio (1: 2.54), as compared to treated check mancozeb @ 0.2% and untreated check control.
Determining the Phytochemical Properties and Antibiogram of Different Chewing Stick Plants on Selected Streptococcal Species Isolated from the Oral Cavity
Authors: Akani N.P. , Ugboma C. J. , Matthew Jack, P.
Published: September 2024

Chewing sticks are small twigs obtained from plant stems, measuring 12-25cm long and tied in bundles of 5-10. These twigs have been used for oral hygiene for many years, even before the invention of toothpaste, mouthwash, and mouth sprays. This study aims to determine the phytochemical properties and antibiogram of different chewing stick plants on two streptococcal species isolated from the oral cavity. Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans were isolated from oral swabs of patients at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital and identified to the species level. The pure isolates were further tested against the antimicrobial effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four chewing stick plants: Vernonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Massularia acuminate, and Phyllanthus mullerianus. Qualitative phytochemical screening and quantitative analysis were carried out on the plant stems to determine the presence of antimicrobials. The percentage of antimicrobials present in the plant stems ranged from 33.3% to 66.7%, with Jatropha curcas, Massularia acuminate, and Vernonia amygdalina exhibiting the highest percentages, and Phyllanthus mullerianus the lowest. The antibiogram of the isolates to conventional gram-positive antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion method. Streptococcus pyogenes showed 75% sensitivity and 25% resistance to the antibiotics, while Streptococcus mutans displayed 50% sensitivity, 16.7% intermediate, and 33.3% resistance to the antibiotics. The investigation found that the ethanolic extract of Massularia acuminate has the highest zone of inhibition of 15.5 ±0.71mm at 100mg/ml, while Phyllanthus mullerianus exhibited the least inhibition at 8 ±0mm. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas and Vernonia amygdalina showed little effect on the test isolates, with a range of 0-9.5±0.71mm. The aqueous extract ranged from 8±5.7 - 9.5±0.71mm at 100mg/ml, with Massulara acuminate exhibiting the highest and the lowest zones of inhibition. This finding indicates that Massularia accuminate has the ability to suppress the growth of dental plaque-forming Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Chewing sticks are more affordable and easily accessible, so they could be recommended in community oral health programs.
Carbon fate in a large temperate human‐impacted river system: Focus on benthic dynamics
Authors: Vilmin Lauriane , Flipo Nicolas , Escoffier Nicolas , Rocher Vincent , Groleau Alexis
Published: June 2016

Fluvial networks play an important role in regional and global carbon (C) budgets. The Seine River, from the Paris urban area to the entrance of its estuary (220 km), is studied here as an example of a large human‐impacted river system subject to temperate climatic conditions. We assess organic C (OC) budgets upstream and downstream from one of the world's largest wastewater treatment plants and for different hydrological conditions using a hydrobiogeochemical model. The fine representation of sediment accumulation on the river bed allows for the quantification of pelagic and benthic effects on OC export toward the estuary and on river metabolism (i.e., net CO2 production). OC export is significantly affected by benthic dynamics during the driest periods, when 25% of the inputs to the system is transformed or stored in the sediment layer. Benthic processes also substantially affect river metabolism under any hydrological condition. On average, benthic respiration accounts for one third of the total river respiration along the studied stretch (0.27 out of 0.86 g C m−2 d−1). Even though the importance of benthic processes was already acknowledged by the scientific community for headwater streams, these results stress the major influence of benthic dynamics, and thus of physical processes such as sedimentation and resuspension, on C cycling in downstream river systems. It opens the door to new developments in the quantification of C emissions by global models, whereby biogeochemical processing and benthic dynamics should be taken into account.
Mean age distribution of inorganic soil‐nitrogen
Authors: Woo Dong K. , Kumar Praveen
Published: June 2016

Excess reactive nitrogen in soils of intensively managed landscapes causes adverse environmental impact, and continues to remain a global concern. Many novel strategies have been developed to provide better management practices and, yet, the problem remains unresolved. The objective of this study is to develop a model to characterize the “age” of inorganic soil‐nitrogen (nitrate, and ammonia/ammonium). We use the general theory of age, which provides an assessment of the time elapsed since inorganic nitrogen has been introduced into the soil system. We analyze a corn‐corn‐soybean rotation, common in the Midwest United States, as an example application. We observe two counter‐intuitive results: (1) the mean nitrogen age in the topsoil layer is relatively high; and (2) mean nitrogen age is lower under soybean cultivation compared to corn although no fertilizer is applied for soybean cultivation. The first result can be explained by cation‐exchange of ammonium that retards the leaching of nitrogen, resulting in an increase in the mean nitrogen age near the soil surface. The second result arises because the soybean utilizes the nitrogen fertilizer left from the previous year, thereby removing the older nitrogen and reducing mean nitrogen age. Estimating the mean nitrogen age can thus serve as an important tool to disentangle complex nitrogen dynamics by providing a nuanced characterization of the time scales of soil‐nitrogen transformation and transport processes.
Impact of photochemical processing of DOC on the bacterioplankton respiratory quotient in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Allesson Lina , Ström Lena , Berggren Martin
Published: June 2016

Many studies assume a respiratory quotient (RQ = molar ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed) close to 1 when calculating bacterioplankton respiration. However, evidence suggests that RQ depends on the chemical composition of the respired substrate pool that may be altered by photochemical production of oxygen‐rich substrates, resulting in elevated RQs. Here we conducted a novel study of the impact of photochemical processing of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on RQ. We monitored the bacterial RQ in bioassays of both ultraviolet light irradiated and nonirradiated humic lake water, using optic gas‐pressure sensors. In the experimentally irradiated samples the average RQ value was significantly higher (3.4–3.5 [±0.4 standard error (SE)]) than that in the dark controls (1.3 [±0.1 SE]). Our results show that the RQ is systematically higher than 1 when the bacterial metabolism in large part is based on photoproducts. By assuming an RQ of 1, bacterioplankton respiration in freshwater ecosystems may be greatly underestimated.
Fine‐scale thermohaline ocean structure retrieved with 2‐D prestack full‐waveform inversion of multichannel seismic data: Application to the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberia)
Authors: Dagnino D. , Sallarès V. , Biescas B. , Ranero C. R.
Published: June 2016

This work demonstrates the feasibility of 2‐D time‐domain, adjoint‐state acoustic full‐waveform inversion (FWI) to retrieve high‐resolution models of ocean physical parameters such as sound speed, temperature and salinity. The proposed method is first described and then applied to prestack multichannel seismic (MCS) data acquired in the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberia) in 2007 in the framework of the Geophysical Oceanography project. The inversion strategy flow includes specifically designed data preconditioning for acoustic noise reduction, followed by the inversion of sound speed in the shotgather domain. We show that the final sound speed model has a horizontal resolution of ∼ 70 m, which is two orders of magnitude better than that of the initial model constructed with coincident eXpendable Bathy Thermograph (XBT) data, and close to the theoretical resolution of O(λ). Temperature (T) and salinity (S) are retrieved with the same lateral resolution as sound speed by combining the inverted sound speed model with the thermodynamic equation of seawater and a local, depth‐dependent T‐S relation derived from regional conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) measurements of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) database. The comparison of the inverted T and S models with XBT and CTD casts deployed simultaneously to the MCS acquisition shows that the thermohaline contrasts are resolved with an accuracy of 0.18oC for temperature and 0.08 PSU for salinity. The combination of oceanographic and MCS data into a common, pseudo‐automatic inversion scheme allows to quantitatively resolve submeso‐scale features that ought to be incorporated into larger‐scale ocean models of oceans structure and circulation.
The two‐phase flow IPTT method for measurement of nonwetting‐wetting liquid interfacial areas at higher nonwetting saturations in natural porous media
Authors: Zhong Hua , El Ouni Asma , Lin Dan , Wang Bingguo , Brusseau Mark L.
Published: June 2016

Interfacial areas between nonwetting‐wetting (NW‐W) liquids in natural porous media were measured using a modified version of the interfacial partitioning tracer test (IPTT) method that employed simultaneous two‐phase flow conditions, which allowed measurement at NW saturations higher than trapped residual saturation. Measurements were conducted over a range of saturations for a well‐sorted quartz sand under three wetting scenarios of primary drainage (PD), secondary imbibition (SI), and secondary drainage (SD). Limited sets of experiments were also conducted for a model glass‐bead medium and for a soil. The measured interfacial areas were compared to interfacial areas measured using the standard IPTT method for liquid‐liquid systems, which employs residual NW saturations. In addition, the theoretical maximum interfacial areas estimated from the measured data are compared to specific solid surface areas measured with the N2/BET method and estimated based on geometrical calculations for smooth spheres. Interfacial areas increase linearly with decreasing W‐phase (water) saturation over the range of saturations employed. The maximum interfacial areas determined for the glass beads, which have no surface roughness, are 32 ± 4 and 36 ± 5 cm−1 for PD and SI cycles, respectively. The values are similar to the geometric specific solid surface area (31 ± 2 cm−1) and the N2/BET solid surface area (28 ± 2 cm−1). The maximum interfacial areas are 274 ± 38, 235 ± 27, and 581 ± 160 cm−1 for the sand for PD, SI, and SD cycles, respectively, and ∼7625 cm−1 for the soil for PD and SI. The maximum interfacial areas for the sand and soil are significantly larger than the estimated smooth‐sphere specific solid surface areas (107 ± 8 cm−1 and 152 ± 8 cm−1, respectively), but much smaller than the N2/BET solid surface area (1387 ± 92 cm−1 and 55224 cm−1, respectively). The NW‐W interfacial areas measured with the two‐phase flow method compare well to values measured using the standard IPTT method.
Fullerene Adducts Bearing Cyano Moiety for Both High Dielectric Constant and Good Active Layer Morphology of Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Zhang Zijian , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang
Published: June 2016

Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) lags behind of inorganic photovoltaics due to low dielectric constants (ε
r) of organic semiconductors. Although OPVs with high ε
r are attractive in theory, practical demonstration of efficient OPV devices with high‐ε
r materials is in its infancy. This is largely due to the contradiction between the requirements of high ε
r and good donor:acceptor blend morphology in the bulk heterojunction. Herein, a series of fullerene acceptors is reported bearing a polar cyano moiety for both high ε
r and good donor:acceptor blend morphology. These cyano‐functionalized acceptors (ε
r = 4.9) have higher ε
r than that of the widely used acceptor, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) (ε
r = 3.9). The high ε
r is realized without decrease of electron mobility and change of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital/highest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO/HOMO) energy levels. Although the cyano‐functionalized acceptors have increased polarity, they still exhibit good compatibility with the typical donor polymer. Polymer solar cells based on the cyano‐functionalized acceptors exhibit good active layer morphology and show better device performance (PCE = 5.55%) than that of PC61BM (PCE = 4.56%).
Superaerophobic Electrode with Metal@Metal‐Oxide Powder Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: He Jinling , Hu Binbin , Zhao Yong
Published: June 2016

A stable and highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode is the key for fast and robust O2 production, which is one of the essential points for various kinds of energy conversion systems, such as water splitting, lithium‐O2 battery and artificial photosynthesis. Here, superaerophobic electrodes with metal@metal‐oxide powder catalysts are shown, which demonstrate high and stable OER activity. The active‐site‐density of metal@metal‐oxide catalysts is increased over one order of magnitude than those of pure metal oxides due to the large enhancement of electrical conductivity, revealing the substantial enhancement of electrochemical OER kinetics. Furthermore, the superaerophobic property of electrodes is favorable for fast O2 desorption, which improves electrochemical active surface area (EASA) during OER. The superaerophobic electrode with metal@metal‐oxide powder catalysts provides the new insight for increase of active‐site‐density and EASA simultaneously, which are the key factors to determine the activity of OER electrode.
Mussel‐Inspired Polydopamine‐Functionalized Super‐P as a Conductive Additive for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes
Authors: Song Danoh , Jung Daesoo , Cho Inseong , Ryou Myung‐Hyun , Lee Yong Min
Published: June 2016

The study has developed a facile polydopamine (PD) surface coating method for a typical conductive additive, Super‐P. This method is efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly, and it can be used for the mass production of Super‐P. PD treatment converts the hydrophobic surfaces of Super‐P into hydrophilic surfaces, facilitating slurry preparation, and slurry coating for the fabrication of Si‐based electrodes. Furthermore, the unique adhesion properties of PD and its ability to form a cross‐linking network with polymeric binders such as poly(acrylic acid) improve the cycle performance of Si anodes containing PD‐treated Super‐P (1395.1 mAh g–1 after 1000 cycles, and 1200 mA g–1 for charging and discharging processes). A postmortem scanning electron microscopy study reveals that PD‐treated Super‐P efficiently reduces the mechanical stress of Si anodes caused by large volumetric changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation.
Low‐Energy Electron‐Induced Transformations in Organolead Halide Perovskite
Authors: Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Huang Weixin , Sadhu Subha , Ptasinska Sylwia
Published: June 2016

Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3), a prototype material for potentially high‐efficient and low‐cost organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells, has been investigated intensively in recent years. A study of low‐energy electron‐induced transformations in MAPbI3 is presented, performed by combining controlled electron‐impact irradiation with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Changes were observed in both the elemental composition and the morphology of irradiated MAPbI3 thin films as a function of the electron fluence for incident energies from 4.5 to 60 eV. The results show that low‐energy electrons can affect structural and chemical properties of MAPbI3. It is proposed that the transformations are triggered by the interactions with the organic part of the material (methylammonium), resulting in the MAPbI3 decomposition and aggregation of the hydrocarbon layer.