bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral hepatitis B in pregnancy: A review of its burden, vertical transmission and neonatal prophylaxis
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Huszti Ana Maria , Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Cimpoca-Raptis Brindusa Ana ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Chronic hepatitis B infection represents a high society burden due to its high morbidity and mortality rate, especially infections acquired by vertical transmission. This review’s purpose is to update information regarding acute and chronic evolution and management of hepatitis B during pregnancy, vertical transmission, and prophylaxis of HBV infection. The database of PubMed was searched for literature reviews, guidelines, and research articles in English, regarding pregnancy and HBV infection from 2015 to October 2021. Pregnancy may have a serious impact on the natural evolution of chronic HBV in cases of advanced disease or liver fibrosis. Management of these patients include periodical monitoring and antiviral therapy during pregnancy. Alanine amino transferase (ALT) flares can occur during pregnancy or more often after birth, being related to the specific immune changes in pregnant women. The most important impact of HBV infection on pregnancy outcomes is represented by vertical transmission. Almost 90% of the infants infected at birth will develop chronic HBV infection out of which 25-40% will develop specific complications. Almost 9% of the newborns of positive HBsAg mothers acquire HBV infection despite standard immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin. Failure of immunoprophylaxis can have a higher rate due to elevated levels of HBV DNA during pregnancy, that can be lowered by prophylactic antiviral administration from 28-32 weeks, during pregnancy. Screening every pregnant woman for HBsAg is a good practice measure, which should be standard, among the universal hepatitis B vaccination, in order to achieve a reduction of HBV infection prevalence.
Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Varsa Ramona Georgiana , Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cimpoca-Raptis Brindusa Ana ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide spread infection, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, acquired through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or consuming infected undercooked meat. Despite the fact that in healthy, non-pregnant population, this infection is predominantly asymptomatic and self-limited, in pregnancy it requires special care to minimize the risks to the fetus by vertical transmission. Congenital toxoplasmosis can result in permanent neurological impairment and even blindness. Once diagnosed in pregnancy, this infection needs prompt medical therapy to prevent fetal complications. Primary prevention of the toxoplasmosis consists of dietary and lifestyle changes with the purpose to limit the contact with the parasite. Secondary prevention includes the screening of the pregnant women. Screening programs are implemented in various countries depending on the prevalence of the parasite in the respective areas. The purpose of this article is to make a review of the medical literature concerning the management of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnancy. For this purpose, scientific research in databases and online medical publications such as Medline, PubMed, Elsevier and The Lancet was conducted.
Clinical manifestations
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Atanasescu Ioana Emanuela
Published: May 2022

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the main infectious virus that leads to neurological disabilities in children such as congenital sensorineural deafness. Transmission of the virus can happen through direct contact with abody fluids, saliva, urine, and blood products. Congenital infections are the result of transplacental transmission of CMV. In utero, transmission occurs in about one third of women who develop primary infection in the first trimester. The first step for the diagnosis of infection is the laboratory confirmation, where conversion of CMV IgG antibody from negative to positive is the first thing that raises the suspicion of infection. If both IgG and IgM antibody to CMV are positive when first tested, the next step is testing for avidity of CMV IgG antibody. Low IgG antibody avidity and presence of IgM antibody is strong evidence of recent primary infection. At present, there is no vaccine available against CMV and treatment options for pregnant women are still developing. It has been shown that in attempt to reduce the rate of primary maternal CMV infections, public health strategies based on sanitary measures can have a real impact.
Parvovirus infection and pregnancy
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Duminica-Turcu Ana , Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Issues regarding parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy continue to arouse the interest of obstetricians all over the world, the main concern focusing on maternal outcomes and fetal consequences of the intrapartum infection. Parvovirus B19 infection remains one of the main etiologies of fetal anemia and non-immune hydrops, implying a high risk of neonatal demise. This high rate of maternal and neonatal morbidity entails a special attention towards the clinical manifestations and treatment of parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy time. A systematic literature review was obtained from over 100 articles related to the chosen subject, out of which 27 articles were chosen as relevant to the above-mentioned subject.
The role of the pharmacist in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ", Lupascu Florentina ,   Grigore T. Popa",   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Herciu Lorena Antoanina ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Tatarusanu Simona-Maria ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Vasincu Ioana-Mirela ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Profire Lenuta ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Published: May 2022

Pharmacists are health care professionals and their role is to provide health services, recommendations and support to all type of patients with a diversity of pathologies, including gastrointestinal diseases. In the last years, in countries where previously some gastrointestinal diseases were not so common, nowadays are augmenting, for example Crohn’s disease. In some country as Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe the number of patients with this type of diseases is constantly growing. Considering its high incidence, physical, mental and economic impact, it is vital to prevent as much as possible its apparition. High risk factors are represented by inadequate diet and lifestyle, medication side effects, drugs interactions or administration and dosage errors. The aim of this paper is to analyze the important role of pharmacists in preventing some gastrointestinal effects by offering correct information and advices to patients. This paper includes information related to self-medication, over-the-counter medication, side effects and the importance of microbial flora, equilibrate diet and lifestyle.
Counseling a patient presenting gastrointestinal symptoms in the circumstances of a limited range of available medication – social aspects
Authors:   Aris Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Grigorescu Andreea , Marcu Maria ,   Aris Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Profire Bianca ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Profire Lenuta ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Published: May 2022

The health and illness concepts have a major significance for both the patient and the healthcare specialists. Therefore, the role of the pharmacist is an extremely important one and, during the pandemic times, the relationship between the pharmacist and the patient has further expanded. The healthcare specialist should personalize the medical treatment plan for each individual patient, in order to obtain maximum efficiency with the lowest possible risk. Approximately 20% of all patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 present gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting or generalized abdominal pain. Any treatment recommendation made by the pharmacist should take into consideration general aspects regarding the intensity and the localization of the pain, as well as any chronic or acute treatment that the patient may undergo, all relevant medical history and the immediate prognosis of the disease.
Drug interactions in gastrointestinal disorders therapy
Authors:   Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ", Focsa Alin ,   Grigore T. Popa",   University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Sava Alexandru ,   Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Ababei Andra ,   Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Apotrosoaei Maria ,   Department of Drug Industry and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Published: May 2022

Drug-drug interactions are a major cause of adverse reactions in polypharmacy, the incidence being directly proportional to the number of associated drugs. In this work, we highlighted the main drug-drug interactions that occurred in the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms with proton pump inhibitors and histamine H2-receptor antagonists. The two groups of agents, used in gastroesophageal reflux and ulcer disease, can be released and without a prescription on the recommendation of the pharmacist, contributing to the risk of emergence of drug-drug interactions. Drug-drug interactions can occur due to the reduction of the gastric acidity, altering the biotransformation or excretion reducing of the drug co-administrated. pH increased may affect the absorption of some drugs decreasing (e.g. ketoconazole, itraconazole, atazanavir, vitamin B12, magnesium) or increasing the absorption of others (e.g. triazolam, midazolam). Furthermore, an attention to the interaction with narrow therapeutic index drugs (e.g. warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline) is required because of the risk of the toxic or side effects by the accumulation of these drugs.
Pharmacist’s recommendation and dispense of medication for gastrointestinal pathology according to national legislation
Authors:   Clinical Pharmacy, “Sf. Spiridon” County Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Munteanu Ana , Mandici Alexandru ,   Clinical Pharmacy, “Sf. Spiridon” County Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Cojocariu Daniel ,   Clinical Pharmacy, “Sf. Spiridon” County Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Iacob Andreea-Teodora ,   Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
Published: May 2022

Pharmacist’s role in community pharmacy is to provide counselling for patients with disorders accompanied by mild symptoms that do not require medical consultation, but also is to recommend a referral to a physician when the severity of the situation requires it. The pharmacist also performs counselling regarding posology of the prescribed medicines, and informs patients about potential side effects that may occur. Gastrointestinal disorders are widespread among the population and pharmacists have the role and the responsibility to use their knowledge to dispense appropriate medicines according to every patient’s needs, in compliance with the legislation and recommendations of ANMDM.
Rupture of the unscarred uterus in pregnancy – a life-threatening event
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ciocarlan Maria Alexandra , Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cimpoca-Raptis Brindusa Ana ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

The rupture of an unscarred uterus in pregnancy may result in catastrophic consequences for both mother and baby. This is usually related to a delayed diagnosis and treatment, because of a low index of suspicion. There have been described a series of risk factors incriminated in unscarred uterine rupture, such as abdominal trauma, labor induction, obstructed or neglected labor, and operative vaginal deliveries. Although it is a rare event that happens more often in old multiparous patients, there have been reported cases of uterine rupture in primiparous women. A uterine rupture is an unpredictable event that happens suddenly, can have dramatic, but non-specific symptoms, and requires a high index of suspicion and prompt management to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to synthesize available information about the rupture of the unscarred uterus, its risk factors, diagnosis, and management.
Urolithiasis – a challenge during pregnancy
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cretu Miliana , Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cimpoca-Raptis Brindusa Ana ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Urolithiasis during pregnancy is a rare condition despite the prolithogenic state determined by the physiological changes in the urinary system. The incidence is similar among pregnant women and the general female population, pregnancy not being a risk factor for the appearance of kidney stones. Urolithiasis is a challenge for the obstetrician because diagnosis and treatment require a particular approach in order not to harm the fetus. Ultrasonography is the first choice for diagnosing kidney stones even though it has a reduced sensibility. The first line of treatment in renal colic is expectant management. If this is ineffective, then urological interventions are being taken into consideration. Left untreated, urolithiasis exposes the pregnancy and the baby to higher risks of complications.
Anesthesia during pregnancy
Authors:   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Negoita Silvius ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Nicolae ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   “Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Surgery during pregnancy post additional concerns an represent a major stress factor for both anesthesiologist and gynecologists. Approximately 0.5-2% of all pregnant women undergo a least one nonobstetric surgery during their pregnancy, and the number is growing in recent years. Until present days, no anesthetic drug has been shown to be clearly dangerous to human fetus. Thus, a pregnant woman should never be delayed from surgery regardless of teratogenic effects at any gestational age. The choice of anesthetic technique, drugs and surgical procedure should be guided by mother safety and continuation of adequate uteroplacental perfusion. Regarding Cesarean Section, it is now the most common surgery performed in the United States, with over 1 million women delivered by cesarean every year. Due to medical and legal implication, anesthesia must be safe in order to improve maternal and fetal outcome. Ultimately, success of each case is granted by multidisciplinary team approach and adherence to the latest clinical practice guidelines.
Diagnosis and management of intestinal obstruction during pregnancy
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Maxim Bogdan-Gabriel , Cimpoca-Raptis Brindusa Ana ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Acute intestinal obstruction in pregnancy is a rare, unusual, and very challenging non obstetric surgical pathology linked with great fetal-maternal morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that a surgeon may encounter and resolve 1 to 2 cases in his career. Bowel obstruction is difficult to diagnose because signs and symptoms such as pain, vomiting, abdominal distention, and constipation are frequently attributed to normal pregnancy. On the other hand, gravidity requires immediately, in case of suspicion of grave abdominal pathology, such as bowel obstruction, that surgery should not be delayed.
Cervical cancer – a real medical challenge when diagnosed during pregnancy
Authors:   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cioroba Teodora , Botezatu Radu ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Ciobanu Anca Marina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Corina ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Demetrian Mihaela ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cimpoca-Raptis Brindusa Ana ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Peltecu Gheorghe ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Gica Nicolae ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Panaitescu Anca Maria ,   Filantropia Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

One of the most common malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy is cervical cancer. If a local examination and a Papsmear have not been done for screening, when some symptoms appear during pregnancy, they might be easily mistaken for pregnancy early related complaints. The treatment of cervical cancer during pregnancy should take into consideration many factors including the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, gestational age, the wish of pregnancy continuation and fertility preservation. All these factors make the optimal treatment decision difficult to be taken and suggest that a multidisciplinary team including an obstetrician, neonatologist, medical oncologist, psychologist, pathologist, and radiologist, is necessary for the best management. This article reviews the existing studies, guidelines and recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer during pregnancy.
OPINION: What health care leaders can learn from Volodymyr Zelensky
Authors: Patterson Nick , Sniderman Jhase
Published: May 2022

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky modeled crisis leadership in the early stages of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In this article, we reflect on Zelensky’s attributes of relatability, clear communication, and servant leadership as characteristics that health care leaders can also use to lead organizations through crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic response.
Development of a provincial medical affairs community of practice
Authors: Edgcumbe Daniel P , Harper Lisa
Published: May 2022

The term “medical affairs” describes functions undertaken by health care organizations in Canada in support of their relations with credentialed staff, such as physicians, dentists, midwives, and certain extended-class nurses. These credentialed staff are generally appointed by the board of directors of their organizations and operate under their own bylaws, rules, and regulations. Despite the importance of medical affairs, in Ontario, little has been done to connect these functions across health care organizations, even though there are significant potential benefits from doing so. In this paper, we describe the development of a provincial community of practice (CoP) for medical affairs. We briefly review fundamental concepts relating to CoPs, consider their relevance to health care and medical affairs in particular, and discuss the use of technology to support CoP development. The intention is to share our learning with others, so that they might consider establishing their own CoP, as well as to offer some practical advice on the implementation of virtual CoPs.
Review of the Elemental Status in Blood Serum in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mazilina Aksana N. , Skalny Anatoliy V. , Fesyun Anatoliy D. , Yakovlev Maxim Yu. , Savko Sergey A. , Namiot Evegeniya D.
Published: May 2022

The study of the elemental status in the modern paradigm of medical diagnostics occupies an increasingly large niche due to the possible use of trace elements as possible predictors of cerebrovascular pathologies. Moreover, the great importance of the elemental component in the main enzymatic systems of metabolism allows us to consider them also as a therapeutic target. There are many mechanisms in the pathophysiology of stroke development, each of which, in one way or another, is mediated through the interaction of regulatory proteins with trace elements as cofactors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to elemental homeostasis in the focus of ischemic pathologies.
Aim. Systematization of the known pathogenetic effects of the most metabolic homeostasis important elements on the course of stroke, both contributing factors to earlier rehabilitation and minimal neurological deficit after the ischemic event itself, and factors aggravating the recovery process and leading to serious neurological consequences. This pursues not only a prognostic goal to determine the severity of ischemia or to identify risk groups with certain shifts in elemental constants, but also the therapeutic one — to replace the falling functions of the dropping metabolic agents, as happens with the elements involved in antioxidant systems. It is also necessary to develop a methodology for stopping the excess of nerve cells mediating excitotoxicity with calcium ions, which closes the vicious circle of vascular necrosis with additional destruction of the nervous tissue.
Conclusion. The conclusions that we can summarize quite convincingly indicate a significant contribution of the elemental status to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Dysregulation of the elemental component can force the damaging effect of ischemia on brain cells. At the same time, many elements show a surplus during an ischemic event: Li, I, Mn, Zn, As, Se, Pb, Sr, Ni, however, not all of the presented elements negatively affect the course of stroke, since an increase in the level of some metals may be compensatory in nature, and for their further applicability as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, similar analytics are required.
A Review of International Experience for Telerehabilitation of Post-stroke Patients with Aphasia and Cognitive Problems
Authors: Nikolaev Vitaly A. , Safonicheva Olga G. , Nikolaev Alexander A.
Published: May 2022

Stroke remains one of the most common reasons of disabilities worldwide. Aphasia, memory and cognitive problems are among common stroke consequences significantly reducing stroke survivors’ life quality. To grant access of a large number of stroke survivors to rehabilitation services, and sustain continuous rehabilitation during pandemic, the telerehabilitation can be used.
This article summarizes current approaches on telerehabilitation of post-stroke patients with aphasia, cognitive and memory problems. Authors made a search of research articles and review papers from international medical journals indexed in Scopus, Sciencedirect, and PubMed databases. The results show that the telerehabilitation is feasible providing significant clinical outcomes and can be organized synchronously and asynchronously to meet needs for increasing demand of post-stroke patients. Despite the positive effects of telerehabilitation, there were some limitations. To overcome these limitations, further clinical studies on large groups are needed.
Effect of Board size on Earnings quality of Non-Financial Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Kangea Sammy Thuo , Nasieku Tabitha , Muturi Willy
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between board size and the earnings quality of non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) and also determine the effect of board size on earnings quality with ownership concentration as moderating variable.
Methods: A positivist research philosophy was adopted and a quantitative research design was employed. The target population of the study was the 39 non-financial companies listed in NSE as of 31st December 2020. Secondary data was the main source of information for the study. The data was s panel type of data based on a period of 13 years (2008-2020). Positivism research philosophy and quantitative research design were employed in the study. Data were analyzed based on the panel regression model. Both diagnostic and specification test for the model applied was conducted.
Results: The study established that board size had a significant effect on the earnings quality of non-financial firms listed at the NSE in the presence and absence of ownership concentration as moderator.  Further, the results showed that the model with a moderator was superior to that without a moderator. 
Implications: The non-financial firms listed in NSE should closely examine the criteria used in determining the size of the board and its composition to ensure that boards are more independent and diversified. This will reduce incidences of earnings manipulations and ensure that the directors are accountable to the shareholders which in turn will lead to improvement of investor confidence.
ARE WE THERE YET? THE EVALUATION OF ESG IMPACT ON CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN CEE
Authors: Zumente Ilze , Lāce Natalja
Published: May 2022

The goal of this article is to provide an evaluation of ESG’s (environmental, social, governance) impact on the financial performance in the context of the corporations that are stock listed in the emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). A number of studies have proven ESG’s importance for the global equity markets, however, given the practically slower roll-out of sustainability measures in the emerging markets, the impact on the adoption in the CEE might be lagging. Based on the quartile analysis performed on a sample of RobecoSAM ESG scores and Bloomberg ESG disclosure, the results do not indicate a direct correlation between higher sustainability scores and im-proved financial performance. The results of the study demonstrate that companies with good ESG performance in the CEE currently do not benefit from higher stock returns. In addition, also no clear trends between the link of the ESG and corporate financial performance can be detected.
IMPROVING THE QUANTIFICATION OF INTEREST RATE RISK
Authors: Stádník Bohumil
Published: May 2022

The value of Macaulay duration, probably the most widely used quantification method for measuring interest rate sensitivity of bonds, could roughly be financially interpreted as a percentage change of the bond price if the paral-lel shift of the interest rate equals 1 percentage point along the entire zero-coupon curve and the initial bond price is equal to 100%. The main problem of its practical application lies in the fact that parallel curve shift is a very rare case, and we are more often concerned with predicting short-term rate shifts and considering their consequences for the rest of the yield curve and thus also for bonds with longer maturities. Therefore, it is useful to find a certain value that represents a quantification of the impact of short rate shifts on bond prices with respect to the parameters of bonds. So, the main contribution of this financial engineering research is to design a measure that can be used in the same way as Macaulay duration, but as a response to the change of the short interest rate, for example: in the equation for chang-ing ΔP of a bond, in the equation of the volatility ratio of two bonds, or in the equation for bond portfolio sensitivity. Such a measure is still lacking in finance. We refer to this measure as the “short rate-shift duration”. Since the effect of the short rate shift on the entire yield curve, and thus especially on the price of long-term bonds, is very difficult to predict analytically, we use empirical data to calculate the duration value of the short-term shift and also to calculate its values for the USD and EUR interest markets.
USE OF DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT
Authors: Garškaitė-Milvydienė Kristina
Published: May 2022

The dynamic nature of international financial markets has contributed to a broader use of various financial instruments, ranging from the simplest traditional instruments, such as bonds, to various forms of derivatives. A num-ber of economists argue that derivatives were one of the causes of the global financial crisis, due to speculative behav-iour, however others believe that these instruments actually improve the functioning of the market and may reduce risk. Derivative financial instruments are transactions that help bankers, investors, and borrowers to protect themselves against certain financial risks. This paper addresses the issue of how to hedge risks by using derivatives in a correct and appropriate way. Since almost all companies and investors who operate in local or global markets are exposed to some risk, it is important to identify the potential uses of derivatives for risk management.
INVESTIGATING AN INDIVIDUAL’S OPINION ON SOCIAL MEDIA ABOUT THE CRYPTOCURRENCY MARKET
Authors: Rahuf Rajah , Maknickienė Nijole
Published: May 2022

Cryptocurrencies are growing rapidly, with various altcoin being introduced recently, despite the fact that the market is very volatile, cryptocurrency now holds trillions of dollars in the market and has plenty of platforms for trading and owning cryptocurrencies, like Binance, Coinbase, and others. In particular, Bitcoin has caught the atten-tion of many people over the year with a current market cap. of 731.56 billion dollars circulating in the market. One of the major problems in cryptocurrencies is volatility, and often the prices can vary due to the external events that trigger the market. That is, Twitter sentiment. The objective of the article is to investigate people’s opinion about the cryptocurrency market on social media using collected tweets for 2 popular hashtags of Bitcoin and investigating the tweets using sentiment analysis. The study found that sentiment scores could be related to observed price fluctuations.
ESG DISCLOSURE AND EMERGING TRENDS IN RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENTS: HOW ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION MAY IMPACT STABILITY AGAIN
Authors: Pompella Maurizio , Costantino Lorenzo
Published: May 2022

Environmental and social sustainability together with sound governance have increasingly attracted inter-est from consumers and investors, paving the way for the so called ESG finance. ESG criteria seem to reshape the way companies, investors and consumers behave. While laudable, the acceleration of ESG finance may raise concerns relating to the robustness underpinning this new set of financial products, as well as the reliability of ESG-related in-formation released by companies to design their public profile. A new breed of ESG ratings and rankings is enriching the metrics used by investors and consumers to make informed financial and investment decisions. Nevertheless, such ratings and rankings depend on the individual disclosure strategies adopted by companies. The scope of this article is to complement available data about individual emissions declared by companies with their ESG disclosure level, particularly focusing on the Environment. This leads the authors to build a new metric, deputed to reduce asymmetric information hopefully, and to favour responsible investment. Starting from ESG related information publicly available, a new disclosure adjusted pollution index (namely the “GHG Scope-1 DAdj index”) is built. The empirical analysis performed in the second part of the contribution, based on this new index, suggests that the rush to ESG finance may possibly be generating leeway for new forms of asymmetries and potential distortions in investment decisions as well as providing ground for speculative approaches in financial product development that heighten concerns and new risks for investors. A handful of companies from our sample become less obvious choices for responsible investors once their environmental record is assessed through the GHG Scope-1 DAdj index.
The TESS-Keck Survey:
*

Science Goals and Target Selection
Authors: Chontos Ashley , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , MacDougall Mason G , Fetherolf Tara , Van Zandt Judah , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Beard Corey , Huber Daniel , Batalha Natalie M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney D. , Fulton Benjamin , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Weiss Lauren M. , Behmard Aida , Dai Fei , Dalba Paul A. , Giacalone Steven , Hill Michelle L. , Lubin Jack , Mayo Andrew , Močnik Teo , Polanski Alex S. , Rosenthal Lee J. , Scarsdale Nicholas , Turtelboom Emma V. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Quinn Samuel N. , Guerrero Natalia M. , Collins Karen A. , Ciardi David R. , Shporer Avi , Goeke Robert F. , Levine Alan M. , Ting Eric B. , Bieryla Allyson , Collins Kevin I. , Kielkopf John F. , Barkaoui Khalid , Benni Paul , Esparza-Borges Emma , Conti Dennis M. , Hooton Matthew J. , Kagetani Taiki , Laloum Didier , Marino Giuseppe , Massey Bob , Murgas Felipe , Papini Riccardo , Schwarz Richard P. , Srdoc Gregor , Stockdale Chris , Wang Gavin , Wittrock Justin M. , Zou Yujie
Published: May 2022

The Kepler and TESS missions have demonstrated that planets are ubiquitous. However, the success of these missions heavily depends on ground-based radial velocity (RV) surveys, which combined with transit photometry can yield bulk densities and orbital properties. While most Kepler host stars are too faint for detailed follow-up observations, TESS is detecting planets orbiting nearby bright stars that are more amenable to RV characterization. Here, we introduce the TESS-Keck Survey (TKS), an RV program using ∼100 nights on Keck/HIRES to study exoplanets identified by TESS. The primary survey aims are investigating the link between stellar properties and the compositions of small planets; studying how the diversity of system architectures depends on dynamical configurations or planet multiplicity; identifying prime candidates for atmospheric studies with JWST; and understanding the role of stellar evolution in shaping planetary systems. We present a fully automated target selection algorithm, which yielded 103 planets in 86 systems for the final TKS sample. Most TKS hosts are inactive, solar-like, main-sequence stars (4500 K ≤ T
eff <6000 K) at a wide range of metallicities. The selected TKS sample contains 71 small planets (R
p ≤ 4 R
⊕), 11 systems with multiple transiting candidates, six sub-day-period planets and three planets that are in or near the habitable zone (S
inc ≤ 10 S
⊕) of their host star. The target selection described here will facilitate the comparison of measured planet masses, densities, and eccentricities to predictions from planet population models. Our target selection software is publicly available and can be adapted for any survey that requires a balance of multiple science interests within a given telescope allocation.
Energizing Star Formation: The Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in NGC 253 Derived from ALCHEMI Measurements of H3O+ and SO
Authors: Holdship Jonathan , Mangum Jeffrey G. , Viti Serena , Behrens Erica , Harada Nanase , Martín Sergio , Sakamoto Kazushi , Muller Sebastien , Tanaka Kunihiko , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Herrero-Illana Rubén , Yoshimura Yuki , Aladro Rebeca , Colzi Laura , Emig Kimberly L. , Henkel Christian , Nishimura Yuri , Rivilla Víctor M. , van der Werf Paul P. ,   (ALMA Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory (ALCHEMI) collaboration)
Published: May 2022

The cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) is a key parameter in understanding the physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium. Cosmic rays are a significant source of energy in star formation regions, impacting the physical and chemical processes that drive the formation of stars. Previous studies of the circum-molecular zone of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 have found evidence for a high CRIR value: 103–106 times the average CRIR within the Milky Way. This is a broad constraint, and one goal of this study is to determine this value with much higher precision. We exploit ALMA observations toward the central molecular zone of NGC 253 to measure the CRIR. We first demonstrate that the abundance ratio of H3O+ and SO is strongly sensitive to the CRIR. We then combine chemical and radiative transfer models with nested sampling to infer the gas properties and CRIR of several star-forming regions in NGC 253 from emission from their transitions. We find that each of the four regions modeled has a CRIR in the range (1–80) × 10−14 s−1 and that this result adequately fits the abundances of other species that are believed to be sensitive to cosmic rays, including C2H, HCO+, HOC+, and CO. From shock and photon-dominated/X-ray dominated region models, we further find that neither UV-/X-ray-driven nor shock-dominated chemistry is a viable single alternative as none of these processes can adequately fit the abundances of all of these species.
Near K-edge Photoionization and Photoabsorption of Singly, Doubly, and Triply Charged Silicon Ions
Authors: Schippers Stefan , Stock Sebastian , Buhr Ticia , Perry-Sassmannshausen Alexander , Reinwardt Simon , Martins Michael , Müller Alfred , Fritzsche Stephan
Published: May 2022

Experimental and theoretical results are presented for double, triple, and quadruple photoionization of Si+ and Si2+ ions and for double photoionization of Si3+ ions by a single photon. The experiments employed the photon–ion merged-beams technique at a synchrotron light source. The experimental photon-energy range 1835–1900 eV comprises resonances associated with the excitation of a 1s electron to higher subshells and subsequent autoionization. Energies, widths, and strengths of these resonances are extracted from high-resolution photoionization measurements, and the core-hole lifetime of K-shell ionized neutral silicon is inferred. In addition, theoretical cross sections for photoabsorption and multiple photoionization were obtained from large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock calculations. The present calculations agree with the experiment much better than previously published theoretical results. The importance of an accurate energy calibration of laboratory data is pointed out. The present benchmark results are particularly useful for discriminating between silicon absorption in the gaseous and in the solid component (dust grains) of the interstellar medium.
Near-orthogonal Orientation of Small-scale Magnetic Flux Ropes Relative to the Background Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Choi Kyung-Eun , Lee Dae-Young , Marubashi Katsuhide , Lee Seunguk
Published: May 2022

Small-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) have been identified at a large range of heliospheric distances from the Sun. Their features are somewhat similar to those of larger-scale flux rope structures such as magnetic clouds (MCs), while their occurrence rate is far higher. In this work, we examined the orientations of a large number of SMFRs that were identified at 1 au by fitting to the force-free model. We find that, while most of the SMFRs lie mostly close to the ecliptic plane, as previously known, their azimuthal orientations relative to the Sun–Earth line are found largely at two specific angles (slightly less than 45° and 225°). This latter feature in turn leads to a strong statistical trend in which the axis of SMFRs lies at a large tilt angle relative to (most often nearly orthogonal to) the corresponding background interplanetary magnetic field directions in the ecliptic plane. This feature is different from previous reports on SMFRs—and in stark contrast to the cases of MCs. This is an important observational constraint that should be considered for understanding SMFR generation and propagation.
The Dependence of the Venusian Induced Magnetosphere on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field: An MHD Study
Authors: Xu Qi , Xu Xiaojun , Zuo Pingbing , Xie Lianghai , Wang Ming , Chang Qing , Wang Jing , Ye Yudong , Zhou Zilu , Wang Xing , Luo Lei , Gu Hao
Published: May 2022

The influences of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) on the induced magnetosphere of Venus are investigated using a global multispecies magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model. The simulation results show that the induced magnetosphere is controlled by the IMF components perpendicular to the solar wind velocity (B

Y
and B

Z
in the Venus Solar Orbital coordinate), rather than the IMF magnitude (∣B∣). With the increase of

(

B

Y

2

+

B

Z

2

)

1

2

, the induced magnetosphere becomes stronger in field strength and thicker in spatial scale, and the bow shock locates farther from the planet. The parallel IMF component (B

X
) has relatively small impacts on the magnetic barrier and the magnetotail, regardless of the various IMF magnitudes and orientations caused by different B

X
. The responses of the Venusian induced magnetosphere to the change of upstream IMF are also studied. The time-dependent MHD calculations show that the dayside magnetosphere responds quickly with a timescale of 10 s–10 minutes, depending on the considered magnetospheric region. For comparison, the timescale required for the adjustment of magnetotail as driven by an IMF rotation is derived to be ∼10–20 minutes.