bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of emoticon type on the problem solving process and discussion messaging according to problem type in online discussion
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Mi-Kyoung , Cho Kyoo-Lak
Published: February 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to ascertain implications for class design by comprehensively analyzingthe effects of emoticon types used as non-verbal communication in online discussions on theproblem-solving process and discussion messaging depending on the type of problem.
Methods: In this study, a group of emoticon types (text type, graphic type, and flash type) wasformed, the online discussions were examined according to the problem (creativity problem, cognitiveconflict problem), and the content of the discussion messaging was classified. A two-way analysisof variance (ANOVA) was conducted with the type of emoticon and the type of problem as theindependent variable and the number of messages appearing by function of the problem-solving processas the dependent variable, and an interaction effect was confirmed. Contents of the following discussionmessaging contents were classified into semantic units according to a message type analysis tool (Henri,1992). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then conducted with the emoticon and problemtype as the independent variable and the discussion messaging type as the dependent variable, andan interaction effect was confirmed.
Results: It was found that emoticon types had different reactions depending on the emoticon typein the online discussion problem-solving process. The emoticon type influenced the discussionmessaging according to the problem type.
Conclusion: This study suggests that an approach should be developed from the perspective ofinstructional design considering the types of problems and emoticons presented as learning tasks inonline discussions. The fact that the group by emoticon type showed differences in discussion messagingaccording to the problem type means that the emoticon type and problem type are the main factorsinfluencing the problem-solving process. The results indicate that if the problem is solved by consideringthe problem type and emoticon type suitable for online discussion, it can contribute to effective learningby facilitating the interaction of members and increasing their participation in learning.
Career Education Policy and Future Policy Direction Recognized by Secondary Career Teachers
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Gun-Nam
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the career education policy and direction required in the field by analyzing the perception of the national level career education policy and the future national level career education policy direction targeting secondary school career education teachers.
Methods: In order to achieve the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted on secondary school career teachers, and the data of 308 teachers were used for analysis.
Results: First, the policies that require priority improvement are five policies, such as ‘strengthening the capacity of elementary and secondary career teachers’ and ‘operating career experience considering the characteristics of consumers’. Second, among future career education policy directions, 10 policy directions to be considered as top priority were “expanding career teacher training,” “career teacher information sharing platform,” and “improving awareness and treatment of career teachers.”
Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis of career education policies and directions, it is necessary to prioritize policies that require improvement and prioritized policy directions when developing and applying policies.
Combined Repair of Upper Sternal Cleft and Pectus Excavatum in a Child
Authors: Çelik Sezai , Erşen Ezel
Published: February 2023

Sternal cleft accompanied by pectus excavatum is a rare type of congenital anomaly of the chest wall. Surgical correction is a suitable approach to restore the heart, large vessels, and respiratory dynamics early. This is a report of the successful surgical correction of upper sternal cleft anomaly accompanied by pectus excavatum in a child. The pectus excavatum was corrected without the use of any prosthesis. The cleft was closed by primary approximation with enough dissected pectoralis major muscle and partial thymectomy, mobility, and flexibility ensured by pectus correction. The integrity of the sternum and the chest wall was normal at the end of the 12-month follow-up period.
Same-Day Carotid Artery Stenting and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Zivkovic Igor , Krasic Stasa , Milacic Petar , Milicic Miroslav , Vukovic Petar , Tabakovic Zoran , Sagic Dragan , Ilijevski Nenad , Petrovic Ivana , Peric Miodrag , Bojic Milovan , Micovic Slobodan
Published: February 2023

Background

The optimal treatment strategy for patients with severe carotid artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is still problematic. The important question is whether it is necessary to treat significant carotid disease in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. This study analyzed short- and midterm results after same-day carotid artery stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods

From 2013 to 2020, a total of 69 patients were enrolled in the study. Same-day carotid artery stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting were performed in all patients. The study's primary end points were the evaluation rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death within short- and midterm periods after the procedures.

Results

The 30-day mortality was 0%. The occurrences of perioperative adverse events, namely stroke, myocardial infarction, and transient ischemic attack, were 1 (1.4%), 1 (1.4%), and 4 (5.8%), respectively. Mean (IQR) follow-up time was 28 (IQR, 17–43) months. Six (8.8%) patients died during this period. Fatal stroke was registered in 2 cases, and 1 patient experienced a disabling stroke with a fatal outcome. The other 3 patients died because of chronic renal disease, a traffic accident, and for an unknown reason, respectively. Midterm survival in the group was 91.2%.

Conclusion

The study showed that same-day carotid artery stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting for concomitant carotid and coronary disease treatment could be a promising and feasible therapeutic strategy.
Aortic Dissection and COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Pregnant Woman at 34 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Krzelj Kristina , Anic Darko
Published: February 2023

Between 0.1% and 0.3% of all aortic dissections occur during pregnancy. Arterial hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and congenital cardiovascular anomalies—including bicuspid aortic valves—are well-known risk factors. The causality between pregnancy and aortic dissection is unclear, but there have been some observations that COVID-19 illness may increase the risk. This report describes a pregnant woman at 34 weeks of gestation who had a bicuspid aortic valve and experienced an acute aortic dissection while ill with COVID-19 pneumonia. Computed tomography confirmed a type A aortic dissection and bilateral patchy pulmonary opacities. Cesarean delivery was performed, followed by replacement of the aortic valve with a mechanical aortic prosthesis and reconstruction of the ascending aorta and hemiarch. The intraoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation after 51 hours. COVID-19 during pregnancy seems to increase the risk for aortic dissection, although there is no evidence base for an association. Because guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in such complex cases are lacking, care from a multidisciplinary team is crucial for successful outcomes.
Assessment of Total Suspended Solid Concentration Dynamics Based on Geospatial Models as an Impact of Anthropogenic in Pekalongan Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Ridarto Arij Kemala Yasmin , Zainuri Muhammad , Helmi Muhammad , Kunarso Kunarso , Baskoro Baskoro , Maslukah Lilik , Endrawati Hadi , Handoyo Gentur , Koch Magaly
Published: February 2023

Changes in total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations provide information to determine the quality of the carrying capacity of waters as marine resources. This research aims to analyze the concentration and distribution of TSS in marine waters due to anthropogenic impacts on land. The concentration and distribution changes of TSS were analyzed using a geospatial model approach. The in-situ data were collected in August 2021 and June 2022 at 11 stations in the east monsoon and analyzed in the laboratory using the gravimetric method. The results show that TSS concentration changes at the study area significantly increased concentration from 40,3-85,4 mg/L in 2021 to 64,7-140,5 mg/L in 2022, increased by 37,6 – 39,2%, distributed to the east in open water due to the influence of the surface current, which is driven by the wind and tidal current. The anthropogenic factors, such as land use and micro-industrial activities, were dominantly correlated with the increase in TSS concentration in the waters, which is driven by input from land due to the influence of precipitation. This research provides comprehensive monitoring, evaluating, and managing scheme data and information to researchers, local governments, and environmentalists for mitigation planning to reduce the subtraction of water quality due to anthropogenic impacts.
Halaman Belakang
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: February 2023

Cover
The Choroid after Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Christou Evita Evangelia , Katsanos Andreas , Georgalas Ilias , Kozobolis Vassilios , Kalogeropoulos Christos , Stefaniotou Maria
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To characterize choroidal structure and vasculature after half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (hd-vPDT) in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A). Methods: This prospective case-control study included 10 eyes. Choroid was examined before and at 1 month following hd-vPDT. We measured choroidal thickness (CT) at subfoveal area and at 750 μm nasal and temporal of fovea and thickness of Haller and choriocapillaris/Sattler layers. Whole (WA), luminal (LA) and interstitial area (IA) at EDI-OCT, and perfusion density at OCT-A were analyzed. The unaffected fellow eyes were used for comparisons. Results: Mean CT at subfoveal area and at 750 μm nasal and temporal of fovea, values of Haller and choriocapillaris/Sattler layers and those of WA, LA and IA were reduced, while PD increased at 1 month after hd-vPDT (all p < 0.001). There was a significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation (ρ = −0.658) between PD and post-treatment logMARVA. None of analyzed parameters reached values of unaffected fellow eye. Conclusion: Following hd-vPDT, choroidal thickness with both luminal and interstitial components markedly decreased, while perfusion of choriocapillaris improved.
Rapidly growing juvenile xanthogranuloma in an adult: a case report
Authors: Choi Jong Yun , Choi Young Jae , Jung Sung-No , Seo Bommie Florence
Published: February 2023

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign tumor made up of non-Langerhans histiocytes that predominantly occurs in infancy and early childhood. Juvenile xanthogranuloma can be differentiated from xanthoma by the distribution of the lesions and the absence of lipid abnormalities. It usually develops on the trunk and upper and lower extremities. Histologically, xanthogranulomas show a mixed cellular dermal infiltration with histiocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and Touton-type multinucleated giant cells. Classically, juvenile xanthogranuloma is a disease that largely affects infants and children. We describe a rare case of juvenile xanthogranuloma that suddenly developed in the axillary region of a male adult.
Effectiveness of a postoperative continuous irrigation system via a catheter following implant-based breast reconstruction
Authors: Ha Hyun Jeong , Jeong Seong Heum , Kim Tae Hyun , Ahn Hee Chang , Hwang Euna
Published: February 2023

Background Implant-based breast reconstruction is a technique frequently used for breast reconstruction. Infection and inflammation are considered to be the most troublesome complications of implant-based breast reconstruction and can lead to capsular contracture or implant failure. To date, however, only a few methods have been proposed to prevent these complications. Therefore, the authors introduce a simple irrigation system using indwelling drain catheters to decrease postoperative inflammation.Methods Continuous saline irrigation was performed once per day for 3 days immediately after prosthesis-based breast reconstruction. Normal saline (500 mL) was inserted into the implant pocket through a superomedial-oriented drain catheter and drained through an inferolateral-oriented drain catheter using a suction device. Inflammatory indicators, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count (WBC), and postoperative complications were compared between the non-irrigation and irrigation groups.Results This study included 37 patients divided into two groups (20 non-irrigation and 17 irrigation). An analysis of inflammatory indicators revealed that the peak CRP level in the irrigation group was significantly lower than that in the non-irrigation group, while no statistically significant differences were found for the other mediators (ESR and WBC). In the immediate postoperative period, continuous irrigation effectively washed out tissue debris and blood clots within the implant pocket, which helped maintain the function of the drain catheter and decrease pro-inflammatory mediators.Conclusions This irrigation method was simple and cost-effective for decreasing inflammation within the breast pocket. Furthermore, it can also be applied to infected breast pockets in combination with antibiotics.
Loading conditions impact on the compression fatigue behavior of filled styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Yang Liu , Dai Xi , Zhao Xuan , Liu Feng , Xu Yunhui , Wang Yanqiu
Published: February 2023

Fatigue failure, commonly encountered in rubber materials, is a critical issue. In this study, the compression fatigue tests of filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) under different loading conditions were performed, applying cylindrical specimens. A stress–strain curve and modulus drop curves were generated by nine fatigue loading cases, covering different R ratios in the range of 0 < R < 1. The temperature variation in the process of compression fatigue was explored. Three different approaches were applied to investigate the fatigue life of the SBR (it is used twice hence abbreviation should be used) vulcanizates. These methods were validated in assessing the fatigue failure of the specimens. According to the experimental fatigue life, a fatigue life prediction model based on strain amplitude as the damage parameter was established. The results demonstrated that both R ratio and strain amplitude could affect the fatigue life. For all the loading cases, the fatigue life generally increases with the increase of R ratio. Under the compression loading condition, the narrower range of strain and the lower mean strain are beneficial to the fatigue resistance of rubbers, which also indicates a larger pre-load provides much higher fatigue resistance. During the fatigue loading, the temperature rises rapidly until it reaches a peak value, then drops slightly, and finally reaches a plateau.
Transient thermal analysis of gas insulated switchgear modules using thermal network approach
Authors: Mudhigollam Uday Kumar , Tiwari Neelam , Rao Mandava Mohana
Published: February 2023

Thermal analysis of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) modules is of utmost important to optimize their dimensions for higher current ratings. Temperature rise test simulation has to be carried out on GIS modules to ensure that the temperature rise of modules shall not exceed the allowable temperature limits. The analyses also help to estimate the time duration required for GIS modules to reach steady state temperature as per IEC 62271-102 and IEC 61869-2. In the present study, to conduct transient thermal analysis, a novel Thermal Network Model (TNM) has been proposed for gas insulated switchgear equipment of two important modules i.e., disconnector switch (DS) and current transformer (CT). GISmodules.m program is developed in the study to analyze effect of various parameters like type of material being used for HT conductor and enclosure, rated voltage, rated current and enclosure current on time varying behavior of temperature rise of conductor and enclosure. Finally, the temperature rise test has also been carried out on 245 kV and 420 kV GIS modules at rated current ranging from 3150 A to 4000 A. When the transient temperature measurements conducted on 420 kV DS and compared with the results obtained through proposed TNM based analyses, it is clear that temperatures are within difference of 3.3 °C for conductor and 1.2 °C for enclosure. Further, it is evident that the time taken for conductor and enclosure to reach steady state temperature is about 8–10 h depending on enclosure current magnitude and GIS configuration.
Exploring the state of research on motivation in second language learning: a review and a reliability generalization meta-analysis
Authors: Aryadoust Vahid , Soo Yu Xuan Natalie , Zhai Jiayu
Published: February 2023

We present a thematic review and analysis of the variables affecting language learning motivation (LLM) (2008–2022). The second-language motivational self-system (L2MSS) model was found to be the most applied construct in measuring LLM. Complex systems theory was also another method gaining prominence in LLM research to explain the interactions between micro- and macro-structures surrounding the learner in influencing motivation. Other factors such as socioeconomic status, dialogism and anagnorisis were also identified as variables relating to LLM. For instance, research on dialogism and dialogue has indicated the role of conversation in shaping identity, motivation, and meaning for learners. However, our review found that much of the focus in LLM research has been on the L2MSS learning or teaching experience, while daily living has been largely neglected. We further conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis. Our analysis found an average reliability of 0.84 (CI = 0.816–0.856), with 34% of reliability coefficients falling below the lower bound of CI. A meta-regression analysis revealed that 16% of the variance in the reliability coefficients was predicted by the number of items in the instruments. Questionnaires with an internal consistency below the lower bound of 0.816 had an average of 4.14 items, while the rest had an average of 5.71 items. We further found significant publication bias. Based on our findings, we suggest areas for future research in LLM.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants in health and disease
Authors: Kıran Tugba Raika , Otlu Onder , Karabulut Aysun Bay
Published: February 2023

The increase in the formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species of endogenous or exogenous origin causes oxidative stress due to pro-oxidant and antioxidant imbalance that causes cellular damage in metabolism. This can increase inflammation of cells, apoptosis and necrosis, damage to DNA base damage, DNA and protein cross-links, lipid membrane peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidants can be described as a system that protects biomolecules and the organism against the harmful effects of free radicals, reduces or repairs the damage done by reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the target molecule, and this is called antioxidant defense. It is known that the mechanisms caused by the increase in ROS resulting from oxidative stress are positively related to the pathology of many diseases such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, malaria, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases and preeclampsia.
Increased hemolysis rate in plasma tubes after implementation of a fully automated sample delivery and acceptance system
Authors: Saenger Jonathan A. , Atamaniuk Johanna , Gaggl Martina , Asenbaum Johannes , Huber Florian A. , Grieb Alexander , Födinger Manuela
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Automated sample delivery and laboratory acceptance systems (PTAS) may influence the hemolysis rate of blood samples due to g-forces, abrupt acceleration, and rapid deceleration. However, quantitative data regarding the rate of hemolysis in PTAS is limited. To fill this void, the effect of a pneumatic tube in combination with an acceptance system (PTAS) on the hemolysis rate was investigated in this study.

Methods

Lithium heparin plasma tubes were transported from different clinical departments to the hospital’s laboratory (a) by employees or (b) with an automated PTAS and analyzed for the presence of hemolysis based on a hemolysis index (HI) of >25. Hemolysis indices of 68.513 samples were retrieved from the laboratory information system before and after installation of the PTAS and were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 32.614 samples were transported by employees, of which 3.815 samples (11.70%) were hemolytic, and 9.441 out of 35.899 samples delivered by PTAS (26.30%) were hemolytic. After the implementation of the PTAS, hemolysis rates increased in all departments.

Conclusions

Automated PTAS are associated with increased hemolysis rates. This has implications for routine patient management and should be considered for the transportation of samples used for the determination of hemolysis-sensitive laboratory parameters.
From Sprachtheorie to semantics and cybernetics: Karl Bühler’s “Pocketbook on practical semantics”
Authors: McElvenny James , Knobloch Clemens
Published: February 2023

Among the many Central European scholars and intellectuals driven into exile across the Atlantic in the 1930s was the prominent Vienna psychologist Karl Bühler (1879–1963). Bühler had great difficulty establishing himself in his new home of the United States, despite his attempts to adapt his ideas to the American scene. In this paper, we look at one such attempt at adaptation, the unpublished manuscript of Bühler’s “Pocketbook on Practical Semantics,” an effort to turn the Sprachtheorie of his Vienna period into a contribution to the applied semiotics and communications research popular in America at the time. Our paper represents the first detailed examination of the “Pocketbook” manuscript that places it in its context in the history of semiotics.
Critical Review on the Cultural Contents Development Based on Historical Facts: The Case of Traces Lef t by Hendrik Hamel
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Kwon Bong Kwan , You Ji Won
Published: February 2023

This article confirmed that the cultural tourism contents related to Hamel who is the author about 'Story of the wreck of the Sperwer yacht' are distorted to a large extent without historical understanding and historical evidence. And also critically reviewed the fact that this distortion is leading to continuous expanded reproduction. For this study, Hamel's contents and related previous studies were thoroughly utilized.
As a result of the study, it was confirmed that among the historical and cultural facts related to Hamel, there were distortions in the contents known to have influenced by Hamel, such as herringbone pattern stone walls, clogs, and waterways. Therefore, I argued that a close examination of historical facts is necessary in the process of developing and researching cultural tourism contents. In particular, I think that many people may have had cultural influences from Hamel, but I made it clear that such thoughts were based on colonialism. For example, stone walls and aqueducts, stone Jangseung, and clogs have significance in themselves, even if they are not Hamel. The stone walls built throughout the village are beautiful in themselves, and the waterway in this area, which lacks agricultural water, has played a significant role in the continuation of agriculture. The ginkgo tree, which Hamel leaned on while missing his hometown, served as the g uardian deity of the villag ers, and still provides beautiful scenery and shade. Even without Hamel, byeong-yeong castle and its surrounding food contents are loved by visitors. And Hamel lived in this place for 7 years, and his 'Report of Hamel' is enough to arouse the curiosity of visitors with the clearly written text alone. It is now time to make it clear that presenting the historical facts related to Hamel as facts and presenting the contents development related to Hamel as an imaginative possibility is the first step to eliminate misunderstandings and to enable continuous development of contents related to Hamel.
The Gove rning Strate gy and Technologies of the Colonial Powe rs Surrounding Uisaeng(醫生) in the Japanese Colonial Period: With a Focus on Uisaeng’s Selection tests, Education, Evaluation, and Organizaions
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Park Ji Hyun
Published: February 2023

This article aims to understand the characteristics of Japanese colonial rule by examining the governing strategy and technologies of colonial power to subsume Uisaeng under the modern medical system during the Japanese colonial period. To that end, this article urg es to recog nize colonial power as disciplinary power, which reproduces ruling orders through strategy and technologies of inhumane and constant surveillance and control instead of personal and violent power. Moreover, this study examines Uisaeng, the oriental medical doctors in charge of low-level administration and medical care in the modern medical system, to investigate how Japanese colonial power used the new disciplinary power to rule their colony. Also, with criticism of Gyeongseong-centric disparity in the study of Uisaeng , this study seeks to reproduces the differences among regions. As the oriental medical doctors, Uisaeng was heterogeneous to be subsumed under the Western-centric modern medical system. However, due to poor medical conditions, the colonial power attempted to utilize Uisaeng. Accordingly, colonial power recreated them as modern medical practitioners by selecting, educating, evaluating, and censoring them. Meanwhile, diverse strategies to use and mobilize Uisaeng were implemented depending on regional circumstances as local public health authorities gained more autonomy due to the reorg anized local system in the 1920’s.
Gaje ong Lee Gok's Acce ptance Patte rns of The Mencius in His Prose
Authors:   Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University, Yang Jae-sung
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate Gajeong Lee Gok's acceptance patterns of The Mencius in his prose works. He quoted or altered phrases from The Mencius in various ways in many of his works, conveying the topic of his text clearly. He quoted phrases from The Mencius or added a new meaning to a phrase from the book in his poems, as well, to present his thoughts or topics effectively. Since the poem format allowed him to express his idea in short lines with a limited number of given phrases, he had to quote only essential meanings or shorten phrases from The Mencius in his poems. In his prose works, however, he faced no such limitations and enjoyed much more various forms of acceptance and alteration. The study shed light on the following aspects of his acceptance patterns of The Mencius :
First, he urged the kings to reflect on their wrong perceptions of politics and asked the rulers to establish the rig ht social relations, quoting phrases from the scriptures. Making a distinction between the rule of right and the rule of might, he quoted phrases from The Mencius in mature ways.
Secondly, his acceptance of vocabulary and speeches from the book usually happened in his works to send off a government official leaving for his new post or a man going on a journey. In his Wonsuhan, which is his essay-style work about the causes of droug hts, he developed his point that the temporary relief measures of the policies were useless by accepting Mencius' unique vocabulary and speech.
Finally, he accepted Mencius' sentence and paragraph distinction and development process by taking his development methods in many of his works and altering them. He strengthened his topics and points by accepting the catechetical method, one of the major characteristics of The Mencius, and the quotation methods of the Odes and the Histories.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties Obtained for Armor Steels: Conventional Methods vs. Nanoindentation
Authors: Ekmekci Dursun , Cora Ömer Necati
Published: February 2023

The mechanical properties of three armor steels, namely Ramor 500, Ramor 550, and Armox Advance, were acquired by nanoindentation and conventional methods, and then the results were compared. To this goal, samples were extracted from different (e.g., undeformed and deformed) zones of the ballistically tested armor plates. Then, nanoindentations were performed at 10-mN maximum load and different maximum indentation depths (50–150 nm). In addition to the hardness and modulus of elasticity values of the examined materials, residual stress values of the samples were calculated through the equations suggested in the literature. These values were then compared with the residual stress measurements obtained with the conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD) - sin2ψ method. Moreover, Charpy V-notch impact tests were performed to calculate the fracture toughness of armor steel samples. Microstructural analysis (e.g., optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope), surface roughness, and micro-hardness (micro-Vickers) measurements were also obtained. It was noted that hardness values for the Ramor 500 and Ramor 550 armor steels were in the range of 5.5–9 GPa, whereas the hardness values of Armox Advance samples were obtained in the 8.6–10.2 GPa range at a 50-nm indentation depth. The residual stress values obtained with nanoindentation were found to be in quite good agreement with the one obtained through XRD. It was proven that nanoindentation can be used to acquire several mechanical properties through considerably less sample preparation procedure, in an automated, and a more representative manner because of the measurements obtained at multiple points.
Systematic Review of Social Determinants of Health Associated With HIV Testing Among Hispanic/Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States
Authors: Crepaz Nicole , Salabarría-Peña Yamir , Mullins Mary M. , Gunn Jayleen K. L. , Higa Darrel H.
Published: February 2023

This systematic review synthesized published literature (January 2008-October 2021) about the association between social determinants of health (SDOH) and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (HLMSM), a group disproportionally affected by HIV. Having higher education than a high school diploma, health insurance and access to health care services, and visiting a health care provider in the past 12 months were some of the determinants associated with HIV testing, while limited English proficiency was associated with reduced odds of HIV-testing among HLMSM. More research is needed to understand the relationship of SDOH (especially neighborhood) and HIV testing, how SDOH may affect HIV testing among different HLMSM groups, and how to increase self-testing and use of e-health in this priority population. Additionally, culturally and linguistically appropriate multilevel interventions and health services for HLMSM are urgently needed to diagnose HIV as early as possible after infection.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Images of Normal Anatomy of the Pancreas and Biliary Tree
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , Han Sung Yong
Published: February 2023

Since the development of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), the importance in the using EUS in pancreas and biliary tree has gradually increased. In order to properly observe the pancreas and biliary tree in EUS, it is necessary to learn landmark structures at each location, such as the stomach and duodenum, and to learn the positional relationship between them and normal structures. In this article, we will deal with the examination method at each position of the linear and radial EUS and reveal the normal EUS image.
Dysregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response in skin wounds in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model
Authors: Leal Ermelindo C , Emanuelli Tatiana , Santos Diana , Moura João , Catarina RG Fonseca Ana , Burgeiro Ana , Carvalho Eugenia
Published: February 2023

Dysfunction in key cellular organelles has been linked to diabetic complications. This study intended to investigate the alterations in the unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy, and mitochondrial function, which are part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in wound healing (WH) under diabetes conditions. WH mouse models were used to evaluate the UPR, autophagy, mitochondrial fusion, fission, and biogenesis as well as mitophagy in the skin of control and diabetic mice at baseline and 10 days after wounding. The autophagic flux in response to high-glucose conditions was also evaluated in keratinocyte and fibroblast cell cultures. WH was impaired in the diabetic mouse model, and we found that the UPR and autophagy pathways were activated in skin wounds of control mice and in the non-wounded skin of diabetic mice. Moreover, high-glucose conditions induced autophagy in the keratinocyte and fibroblast cell cultures. However, mitophagy did not change in the skin of diabetic mice or the wounded skin. In addition, mitochondrial fusion was activated in control but not in the skin wounds of diabetic mice, while mitochondrial biogenesis is downregulated in the skin of diabetic mice. In conclusion, the activation of the UPR, autophagy, and mitochondrial remodeling are crucial for a proper WH. These results suggest that the increase in ER stress and autophagy in the skin of diabetic mice at baseline significantly escalated to pathological levels after wounding, contributing to impaired WH in diabetes.
Secure and efficient implementation of facial emotion detection for smart patient monitoring system
Authors: Zaman Kh Shahriya , Reaz Md Mamun Bin Ibne
Published: February 2023

Background

Machine learning has enabled the automatic detection of facial expressions, which is particularly beneficial in smart monitoring and understanding the mental state of medical and psychological patients. Most algorithms that attain high emotion classification accuracy require extensive computational resources, which either require bulky and inefficient devices or require the sensor data to be processed on cloud servers. However, there is always the risk of privacy invasion, data misuse, and data manipulation when the raw images are transferred to cloud servers for processing facical emotion recognition (FER) data. One possible solution to this problem is to minimize the movement of such private data.

Methods

In this research, we propose an efficient implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based algorithm for on‐device FER on a low‐power field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. This is done by encoding the CNN weights to approximated signed digits, which reduces the number of partial sums to be computed for multiply‐accumulate (MAC) operations. This is advantageous for portable devices that lack full‐fledged resource‐intensive multipliers.

Results

We applied our approximation method on MobileNet‐v2 and ResNet18 models, which were pretrained with the FER2013 dataset. Our implementations and simulations reduce the FPGA resource requirement by at least 22% compared to models with integer weight, with negligible loss in classification accuracy.

Conclusions

The outcome of this research will help in the development of secure and low‐power systems for FER and other biomedical applications. The approximation methods used in this research can also be extended to other image‐based biomedical research fields.
Language variation in minority online newspapers: The example of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” in Kazakhstan
Authors: Földes Csaba
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the online edition of the “Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung” (DAZ, German General Newspaper), an exceptional media product in Kazakhstan. This medium was chosen mainly for its very complex linguistic and cultural configuration. The linguistic forms are German, while the discourse and text traditions suggest a Russian influence due to the long hegemony of Russian as the language of culture and education in Kazakhstan. Additionally, the current sociocultural frame of reference is of genuine Kazakh origin.The central aim of this evidence-based media linguistic analysis was to describe the unique features in the language of this online medium, i.e. the multilingual aspects of language variation and aspects related to language and cultural contact.The methodology is based on a linguistic concept of saliency and used interrater reliability in the linguistic assessment. The study showed that the online version and the print version differ not only on a technical level, but also in their journalistic and linguistic design. The digital version is marked by livelier, more idiomatic, and more colorful texts than the print version. These differences can likely not just be attributed to the greater range of options provided by the new medium, but possibly also to the larger share of contributions by authors from Germany in the online version compared to the print version. In the written practices examined in this article it could be shown that authors from Kazakhstan generally used ‘multiliteracy’ form that also generated emergent forms.
Lietuvos burnos higienistų sveikata, požiūris į darbą ir pasitenkinimas savo darbine veikla
Authors:   , Rėderienė Gitana
Published: February 2023

The health, attitude to practice characteristics and job satisfaction of Lithuanian dental hygienists
Export approach to country’s competitiveness: evidence from Lithuania
Authors:   , Petrylė Vaiva
Published: February 2023

Šalies konkurencingumas eksporto požiūriu: Lietuvos atvejo studija
ЕКОНОМІКО-ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ Й ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ РОЗБУДОВИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ТИПІВ ТЕРИТОРІЙ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: ЗАБЛОДСЬКА Інна , РОГОЗЯН Юлія
Published: February 2023

Обґрунтовано економіко-правове забезпечення оцінювання соціально-економічної результативності й ефективності розбудови функціональних типів територій України. В умовах повномасштабної війни норми державної регіональної політики розробляються з використанням територіально орієнтованого і безпекового підходів, що передбачає визначення таких функціональних типів територій, як території відновлення, території з особливими умовами для розвитку, регіональні полюси зростання, території сталого розвитку. Віднесення макро- і мікрорегіонів, територіальних громад до того чи іншого функціонального типу територій залежить від показників їх соціально-економічного становища, з огляду на що їх когерентність встановлено за допомогою матричного підходу. Розроблено матрицю оцінки результативності й ефективності розбудови функціональних типів територій України і треки їх розвитку (повний і короткі). Зауважено про появу потенційно небезпечних територій і територій тимчасового невідновлення. Запропоновано два ключових індикатори для попереднього віднесення макро- і мікрорегіонів, територіальних громад до того чи іншого функціонального типу територій: коефіцієнт доцільності розбудови (відновлення і розвитку) територій після війни і коефіцієнт зменшення населення регіону або територіальної громади через війну. Для розбудови регіонів і територіальних громад передбачаються розроблення і реалізація програм комплексного відновлення регіону (області) й територій територіальних громад. Виокремлено індикатори (показники, характеристики), які відображають специфіку руйнувань, обґрунтовують доцільність і можливість відновлення територій у контексті програм їх комплексного відродження на основі чинного законодавства. Наголошено, що при цьому доречно визначити кількісні й якісні показники оцінки результативності та ефективності розбудови функціональних типів територій України з урахуванням впливу війни.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: ЛІТИНСЬКА Валентина
Published: February 2023

На сучасному етапі розвитку українського суспільства великого значення набуває соціальна політика держави, яка охоплює різні сфери життєдіяльності людей, зокрема, і соціальну. З огляду на це, дуже важливим є вдосконалення теоретичних і практичних засад соціальної політики.
Обґрунтовано особливості соціальної політики України в умовах воєнного стану, а саме: запропоновано авторське тлумачення поняття «соціальна політика»; визначено мету, цілі, суб’єкт і об’єкт соціальної політики в умовах воєнного стану; проаналізовано існуючі завдання соціальної політики й окреслено сучасні завдання, які б відповідали умовам сьогодення; розглянуто основні іноземні моделі соціальної політики і запропоновано найбільш вдалу, на наш погляд, для української економіки; досліджено динаміку основних показників державних соціальних гарантій; наведено напрями реалізації соціальної політики, які сьогодні є актуальними.
Запропоновано розглядати поняття «соціальна політика» як діяльність держави і суспільства з метою визначення й задоволення потреб та інтересів громадян і соціальних груп нашої держави. Для більш чіткого розуміння основних категорій державних соціальних гарантій проаналізовано динаміку основних показників соціально-економічного становища України з січня 2021 р. по жовтень 2022 р. Запропоновано такі актуальні напрями розвитку ефективної соціальної політики в сучасних умовах війни: підтримка добробуту українських родин, необхідність максимального стимулювання виходу на ринок праці людей, які отримують соціальну допомогу від держави; мікрокредитування для відкриття власного бізнесу; подолання бідності; тощо.
Показано, що соціальна політика повинна спрямовуватися на забезпечення добробуту громадян через надання їм можливості отримати необхідні матеріальні, культурні й духовні блага.
Consumption forecast of petroleum products in Ukraine by the main types of economic activity
Authors:   General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Maliarenko Olena
Published: February 2023

The article presents a mathematical model of demand forecasting for petroleum products with a comprehensive method with the allocation of features of collection and preparation of initial data to forecast their consumption. The mathematical model allows you to predict the consumption of petroleum products in the country (Top-level) and types of economic activity (Down-level) for transport transportation and for transformation into electricity and heat. The purpose of the study is to calculate the prognosis of petroleum products for further compilation of the balance of petroleum products, clarification of methodological approaches to the formation of initial data and the predictive evaluation of the need for petroleum products in the energy sector, provided The expediency of forecasting the total consumption of petroleum products in the country and the enlarged economic activity is noted, since the structure of oil consumption changes significantly depending on the prices for its types and available vehicles. The normative method was used to forecast petroleum products at TOP and Down levels. The forecasts obtained at two levels at significant differences in the results were usually agreed by the vector method of Kulik. Since the form of statistical reporting by type of economic activity for 2020 is not provided by the State Statistics Committee, the initial data on the sectors of the economy were formed from the energy balance By 2040 at the levels of the country and types of economic activity for different structures of the economy: the base 2020 and the forecast. The structural and technological potentials of energy saving in the consumption of petroleum products have been evaluated. It is expected to increase the consumption of petroleum products in the energy sector to restore the country's economy during the post -war period. Keywords: forecast, consumption, petroleum products, economy structure, energy saving potential
Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Bay-Delta Primary Producers: How Plants and Algae Affect Ecosystems and Respond to Management of the Estuary and Its Watershed
Authors:   University of California, Berkeley, Larsen Laurel , Bashevkin Samuel ,   Delta Stewardship Council, Christman Mairgareth ,   Delta Stewardship Council, Conrad J. Louise ,   California Department of Water Resources, Dahm Clifford ,   University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Thompson Janet ,   US Geological Survey
Published: February 2023

The Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) is a case-study of the Anthropocene “great accelerations,” with exponentially increasing temperatures and sea level over time, leading to rapid change in other ecosystem components. In nearly all these interconnected changes and across scales, primary producers play a major role, with diverse effects that mitigate or exacerbate rapid change induced by climate or other human-driven perturbations. Through this anthropocentric lens, primary producers can be viewed as performing numerous ecosystem services—which ultimately benefit humans—as well as ecosystem disservices, which have negative effects on human communities. For example, through carbon sequestration, wetlands can perform ecosystem services of mitigating warming at a global scale and combating relative sea-level rise at a local scale, while generating food that supports regional food webs and fisheries. On the other hand, invasive aquatic vegetation (IAV) can trap sediment before it reaches wetlands, exacerbating local subsidence and relative sea-level rise while incurring great costs to recreation, fishing, and agencies tasked with its control. Effectively managing these ecosystem services and disservices requires understanding of how they are connected. For example, wetland restoration often creates opportunities for IAV, which may inhibit sediment deposition on the wetland and outcompete native species. As the Delta science community works toward a more integrative understanding of how different components of the Delta interact as a whole and across scales, the pervasive effects of the ecosystem services and disservices of primary producers serve as foundational knowledge. In this topically themed edition of State of Bay-Delta Science, we review these effects. Individual chapters focus on the historical ecology of the primary productivity of aquatic vegetation, the ecology and control of invasive aquatic vegetation, harmful algal blooms, carbon sequestration and subsidence reversal by wetlands, and remote sensing methods for quantifying the ecosystem services and disservices of Delta primary producers.