ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ МАШИН И ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ВЫБОРОЧНЫХ РУБОК ДЛЯ ЛЕСНЫХ ПЛАНТАЦИЙ
Authors: Ширнин Ю.А. , Гайсин И.Г. , Ширнин А.Ю. , Шамов Д.А. 
Published: February 2025

Излагается критический анализ научных публикаций, посвящённых схемам и параметрам размещения (посадки) на территории плантации посадочного материала. Приведены математические зависимости, определяющие угловые параметры направлений валки деревьев на полосу междурядья, обеспечивающие исключение оставляемым на доращивание деревьям каких-либо механических повреждений. Рекомендованы возможные системы машин для выборочных рубок на лесных плантациях, обеспечивающие безущербную для оставляемого на доращивание древостоя валку деревьев. Представлены технологические схемы разработки пасек при проведении рубок в заданных условиях с достижением поставленных целей рекомендуемыми системами машин.

Introduction. The authors studied a number of literature sources. According to the sources, the artificial forest regeneration requires significant financial expenses. At the same time, the possibility to arrange the planting of nurselings and seedlings in the area is provided. The development of a new method of thinning using modern machines will increase the efficiency of selective cutting, which will minimize the damage of trees left for growing. The goal of the study is to ground the systems of machines and technologies of selective cutting and care felling in forest plantations, taking into account the existing schemes of planting trees and their parameters, The considered machines and technologies shall ensure the harvesting without harming the stand left for growing. Experimental technique and methods of research. In the study, the method of planting of trees in two-rows is used. A scheme of the mutual arrangement of standing and fallen trees is proposed. Mathematical dependences are presented, they determine the angular parameters of the directions of felling of trees on the inter-row spacing, ensuring the exclusion of any mechanical damage to the trees left for growing. Results interpretation and their analysis. Eight systems of machines were chosen for selective felling and tending cutting in plantations. A number of effective technological schemes for the development of cutting during logging under the specified conditions with the achievement of the set goals by the recommended machine systems is offered. The analysis of the dimensions of machines and their working bodies in comparison with possible variants of planting, and the opportunity analysis for using of the recommended machines in the existing variants of planting are carried out. Conclusion. The planting scheme are proposed on forest plantations. At the same time, the task is to develop an economically and environmentally reasonable technology of thinning using modern machines and tools for intermediate forest exploitation and logging at the final stage. It is recommended to use a rectangle shape for the spatial placement of plantings. The authors also provide the conditions for using of the cuttings development schemes for certain planting schemes of plantings or the schemes of plantations allocation after thinning by specific brands of machines with suitable technical parameters.