bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combating Child Poverty in Oecd Countries: Is Work the Answer?
Authors: Whiteford Peter , Adema Willem
Published: March 2017

Child poverty is on the policy agenda in all OECD countries. One of the main issues in the debate about child poverty is the appropriate balance between the “tax and benefits strategy” (increasing the adequacy of benefits for low income families with children) and the “work strategy” (promoting policies to increase employment among poor families). This article assesses the extent to which child poverty is associated with the work status of parents. It is found that child poverty rates are significantly higher for jobless families than for families with at least one parent in employment, and are significantly higher in single earner families than in two-earner families. The analysis finds, however, that in most OECD countries only a minority of poor families with children are jobless. Nevertheless, jobless families are nearly everywhere the most disadvantaged among the poor, and all countries with very low child poverty rates (less than 5%) have low levels of family joblessness. The article assesses the extent to which child poverty can be reduced by policies which successfully promote higher parental employment, identifying wide variations across countries in the effectiveness of different policy approaches.
The Privatisation of Social Insurance and its Effect on Social Integration
Authors: Katrougalos George S.
Published: March 2017

The idea that the traditional Welfare State has reached its limits and that it should be replaced by a new ‘Welfare Mix’ of private and public services is nowadays an almost universally accepted axiom. Welfare policies, under the serious external economic and social pressures from globalisation, exacerbated by the dominant neoclassical, are moving increasingly towards the goals of retrenchment and cost containment. Market principles, such as competitiveness and the maximisation of cost efficiency, are becoming more prominent across Europe contradicting those principles that have traditionally associated with social policy like equity, solidarity, social justice.

This multiple ideological, political and economical process involves a new balance between public and private components of social security. This paper, which aims to offer a critical appraisal of this trend, contains two parts. The first part briefly outlines a comparative overview of privatisation reforms of social insurance systems. The second part attempts a prescriptive analysis of the impact of these reforms, from the viewpoint of a commitment to human rights.
Tackling Low Female Labour Force Participation in Turkey: Continuity and Change in the Social Policy Environment with the EU Membership Process
Authors: Duyulmus Cem Utku
Published: March 2017

Low participation of women in the labour market is a key factor in understanding the main characteristics and recent changes of the gender and care regime in Turkey. This article examines how the low-level of female participation in the labour market has been framed in recent policy reforms in Turkey, and considers the role played by the EU membership process. The article demonstrates that, in several instances, the government has legitimated reform measures with the goal of attaining EU membership. In certain specific reforms, bureaucratic actors have strategically used the EU membership process in order to set the reform agenda. The article also demonstrates that available EU resources increased between 2002 and 2009 with the launch of accession negotiations, a period coinciding with the introduction of reforms concerning the social security system and the labour market. The analysis underlines the use of political and financial resources by political entrepreneurs – such as NGOs for women, the Secretariat General for EU affairs, and the Ministry of Labour and Social Security – with reference to European norms and processes.
A Just Distribution of Health Care in the Case of Orphan Medicinal Products: Aligning the Interests of European Economic Integration and National Welfare Policy
Authors: Faeh Andrea
Published: March 2017

Since market integration measures touch upon issues that are the sole responsibility of the Member States, the efforts of the European Union (EU) to achieve a harmonised internal market clash, in some areas, with national welfare policy. Such a conflict exists where the allocation of health resources is concerned. The EU is very proactive in fostering research and development of medicinal products aimed at treating patients who suffer from rare diseases. The European incentive scheme (Regulation (EC) No. 141/2000) has been a considerable success but, although products are developed, they are not necessarily available to the patient. This is due to the fact that decisions about the price and the reimbursement of these (very expensive) products are made at the national level.

This article draws up a framework for distributing limited health resources where medicinal products for rare diseases (orphan medicine) are concerned. The provision in the Patients' Rights Directive (Dir. 2011/27/EU) on cooperation in health care among the Member States is discussed through the lens of ‘solidarity’ (understood as mutual cooperation) in order to align and remedy the deficits in the system and guarantee the patient access to the product in a timely and equitable manner.
Child Maintenance in the United Kingdom
Authors: Skinner Christine
Published: March 2017

Setting out the child maintenance obligations for separated families has been both a contentious and highly dynamic policy area in the UK. Since 1991 policy has been continually amended by three successive governments who have all searched for a solution to the problem of ensuring that non-resident parents make regular cash payments of child maintenance to support their children (where they can afford to do so). The UK serves as a very interesting case study in its own right as it provides a considerable amount of evidence as well as important policy lessons for other countries which might want to embark on radical change (such as the Netherlands – see Curry-Sumner this volume). Simultaneously, it is a unique policy within the UK as it is, arguably, situated awkwardly on the fringes of both the family law system and the social security system. Therein lies the tension: the boundary between public and private responsibility. Successive governments have attempted to rebalance these private and public responsibilities for supporting children in separated/lone parent families. Currently, in the latest policy formulation, the UK appears to have decoupled the private obligations of child maintenance from the public social security system (which provides means-tested social assistance benefits). This paper discusses these developments and provides new research evidence on the amounts of maintenance expected under the latest policy proposals via the use of vignette techniques.
Measurement Validity in Comparative Welfare State Research: The Case of Measuring Welfare State Generosity
Authors: Kvist Jon , Straubinger Simon Grundt , Freundt Anders
Published: March 2017

Examining the generosity of welfare states and individual benefit schemes is a classical task in comparative welfare state studies. Three types of welfare states can be discerned based, in part, on their level of benefit generosity. Although significant advances have been made in the development of measures of welfare state generosity, this progress has not been without its challenges and limitations. In this article, the authors examine two sets of limitations related to measurement validity in comparative welfare state research: securing content validation and ensuring comparability across time and place. Through the use of illustrative examples to compare the situation of the unemployed in five European countries across several income levels and two family types, we demonstrate that, by profiling and stacking public benefits using the OECD Tax-Benefit micro-simulation model, we are able to carry out a more informed analysis of the redistributive strategies of the welfare state.
To Reside: To Live, Be Present, Belong
Authors: Stendahl Sara
Published: March 2017

The aim of this Special Issue is to investigate the impact of free movement and EU citizenship on the laws that make up traditional residence-based social security schemes at the national level The contributions to the collection allow for comparative reflections between countries and in relation to their dealings with a multi-level normative spectrum. The character of the contributions, which are independent articles on the given topic rather than country reports based on similar methods and a common battery of questions and concepts, turn into an attractive invitation to reflect more freely on details as well as on the overall picture. In this article, I focus on two questions: Are there, in conflicts over free movement, any overarching trends, developments or patterns in how ‘residence’ as a legal criterion is deployed at the national level? And, what if anything do these insights tell us about the status of solidarity and social justice in Europe? In the analysis of the comparative results I turn to the work of Nancy Fraser and end up arguing in favour of a strengthened form of European social citizenship.
Using Student Drawings to Understand the First-Year Experience
Authors: Everett Michele C.
Published: March 2017

This article reports on an exploratory study that investigated the use of student drawings as a visual research method to understand the first-year experience. A total of 31 undeclared students enrolled in a first-year seminar participated in the study. Data generated from pre- and postdrawings of students’ first semester paths were analyzed to identify emergent themes and understand experience at the group and individual levels. Findings provide novel insights about the first-year experience from the student’s perspective. These new understandings have important implications that may help institutions shape and strengthen retention efforts at the student, classroom, and program levels.
Breaking the Equilibrium between Flexibility and Security
Authors: López Julia , de le Court Alexandre , Canalda Sergio
Published: March 2017

The Spanish Labour Market Reform of 2012 was presented by its proponents as an instrument to bring Spanish practice into line with the approach – and standards – that prevail in the European Union's most successful states, but as we argue in this article, the Reform in fact stands at odds with objectives and policy tools proposed, and actually legislated, by the EU. The Reform breaks the proportionality principle between flexibility and security, facilitating the termination of contracts without implementing mechanisms of security such as training and unemployment benefits. As a result, precarious work will be a consolidated trend for the youth, along with emigration. Other broadly felt consequences of the Reform, including growing inequality and increasing judicialisation, raise the economic costs for the system.
The Principle of Equality in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Age Discrimination
Authors: Kajtár Edit , Marhold Franz
Published: March 2017

The place of age as a distinctive protected characteristic is examined within the general system of non-discrimination at EU as well as national level. Perhaps one of the most intriguing questions to answer is: How are rules applied in practice? Differentiation in treatment based on age remains common both in Austria and Hungary. Some key areas such as mandatory retirement for judges, general schemes of salary in the public sector, expiration of rights and retroactive effect of Directive 2000/87/EC have been recently put to the test of the CJEU.
Prestack time migration of nonplanar data: Improving topography prestack time migration with dip-angle domain stationary-phase filtering and effective velocity inversion
Authors: Xu Jincheng , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: March 2017

We have developed a modified prestack time migration (PSTM) approach that can directly image nonplanar data by using two effective velocity parameters above and below a datum. The proposed extension improves the so-called topography PSTM by introducing a dip-angle domain stationary-phase migration (or filtering) and combining effective velocity inversion with the residual static corrections. The stationary-phase migration to constrain the imaging aperture within Fresnel zones significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the image gathers, especially in the presence of steeply dipping structures. This helps to extract an accurate residual moveout from the common shot and receiver image gathers, and the surface-consistent residual statics hidden in these image gathers can be simultaneously obtained from an inversion process. As a result, the final migrated images show higher S/N and are better focused than the conventional topography PSTM. The proposed technique can handle rugged topography, especially in the presence of high near-surface velocities, without the need for prior elevation static corrections. The SEG foothills overthrust model and a real data set acquired on a piedmont zone are used to validate the modified topography PSTM. Synthetic and field data examples are obtained with good results.
Sevoflurane, Compared With Isoflurane, Minimizes Lung Damage in Pulmonary but Not in Extrapulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Araújo Mariana N. , Santos Cíntia L. , Samary Cynthia S. , Heil Luciana B. B. , Cavalcanti Vinicius C. M. , Cruz Fernanda F. , Felix Nathane S. , Silva Johnatas D. , Morales Marcelo M. , Pelosi Paolo , Fernandes Fatima C. , Villela Nivaldo R. , Silva Pedro L. , Rocco Patricia R. M.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:

Volatile anesthetics modulate inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, it is unclear whether they act differently depending on ARDS etiology. We hypothesized that the in vivo and in vitro effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on lung damage would not differ in pulmonary (p) and extrapulmonary (exp) ARDS.

METHODS:

Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized to undergo general anesthesia (1-2 minutes) with sevoflurane and isoflurane. Animals were then further randomized to receive Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheally (ARDSp) or intraperitoneally (ARDSexp), and 24 hours after ARDS induction, they were subjected to 60 minutes of sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia at 1 minimal alveolar concentration. The primary outcome measure was interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression in lung tissue. Secondary outcomes included gas exchange, lung mechanics, histology, and mRNA expression of IL-10, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), surfactant protein (SP)-B, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, epithelial amiloride-sensitive Na+-channel subunits α and γ, and sodium-potassium-adenosine-triphosphatase pump subunits α1 (α1-Na,K-ATPase) and β1 (β1-Na,K-ATPase). Additional ARDSp and ARDSexp animals (n = 6 per group) were anesthetized with sodium thiopental but not mechanically ventilated (NV) to serve as controls. Separately, to identify how sevoflurane and isoflurane act on type II epithelial cells, A549 human lung epithelial cells were stimulated with LPS (20 µg/mL) for 24 hours, and SP-B expression was quantified after further exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane (1 minimal alveolar concentration ) for 60 minutes.

RESULTS:

In ARDSp, sevoflurane reduced IL-6 expression to a greater degree than isoflurane (P = .04). Static lung elastance (P = .0049) and alveolar collapse (P = .033) were lower in sevoflurane than isoflurane, whereas Nrf2 (P = .036), SP-B (P = .042), and β1-Na,K-ATPase (P = .038) expressions were higher in sevoflurane. In ARDSexp, no significant differences were observed in lung mechanics, alveolar collapse, or molecular parameters between sevoflurane and isoflurane. In vitro, SP-B expression was higher in sevoflurane than isoflurane (P = .026).

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with isoflurane, sevoflurane did not affect lung inflammation in ARDSexp, but it did reduce lung inflammation in ARDSp.
Have German Restitution Politics Been Advanced Since the Gurlitt Case? A Journalist's Perspective
Authors: Voss Julia
Published: March 2017

The article discusses the development of restitution politics after the Gurlitt case. First, it summarizes the events that led to Cornelius Gurlitt's will to give his collection to the Kunstmuseum Bern in May 2014. Second, it compares the handling of the Gurlitt case to previous prominent cases of looted art, such as the restitution of Ernst Ludwig Kirchner's Berliner Straßenszene in 2006 or Rudolf von Alt's Der alte Nordbahnhof in 2010. Politicians reacted quickly when the findings concerning the art in Gurlitt's apartment were published. The official announcements resulted in a larger budget for provenance research and the founding of the Zentrum für Kulturgutverluste in Magdeburg. Yet even today Germany has neither a restitution law nor an independent body that claimants can turn to in cases in which museums decline to negotiate over the restitution of an artwork.
A Persian Tapestry Looted by the Nazis from the Princes Czartoryski Museum, Kraków
Authors: Walsh Amy
Published: March 2017

This article traces the unusual story of a non-Western work of art stolen from a Polish noble, rather than Jewish, family during the German occupation. It illustrates the range of Nazi looting and the necessity of scrutinizing the provenance of every object, not only paintings. The story follows a sixteenth-century Persian tapestry on loan to the Princes Czartoryski Museum, Kraków, one of the most treasured objects in the collection, along with Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine, stolen by the Nazis in 1939. The tapestry was eventually returned, only to be stolen again and disappear at the end of the war. Auctioned in London from the estate of the scholar and collector Hagop Kevorkian in 1970, it was purchased by a prominent textile dealer and sold to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). In 2002 the Polish government formally claimed the tapestry, which LACMA returned to the Princes Czartoryski Museum.
Preliminary results on the control of Aedes spp. in a remote Guatemalan community vulnerable to dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus: community participation and use of low-cost ecological ovillantas for mosquito control
Authors: Ulibarri Gerard , Betanzos Angel , Betanzos Mireya , Rojas Juan Jacobo
Published: March 2017

Objective: To study the effectiveness of an integrated intervention of health worker training, a low-cost ecological mosquito ovitrap, and community engagement on Aedes spp. mosquito control over 10 months in 2015 in an urban remote community in Guatemala at risk of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus transmission.

Methods: We implemented a three-component integrated intervention consisting of: web-based training of local health personnel in vector control, cluster-randomized assignment of an ecological modified ovitrap (ovillantas: ovi=egg, llanta=tire) or standard ovitraps to capture Aedes spp. mosquito eggs (no efforts have been taken to determine the exact Aedes species at this moment), and community engagement to promote participation of community members and health personnel in the understanding and maintenance of ovitraps for mosquito control. The intervention was implemented in local collaboration with Guatemala’s  Ministry of Health’s Vector Control Programme, and in international collaboration with the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico.

Findings: Eighty percent of the 25 local health personnel enrolled in the training programme received accreditation of their improved knowledge of vector control. When ovillantas were used in a cluster of ovitraps (several in proximity), significantly more eggs were trapped by  ecological ovillantas than standard ovitraps over the 10 month (42 week) study period (t=5.2577; p<0.05). Repetitive filtering and recycling of the attractant solution (or water) kept the ovillanta clean, free from algae growth. Among both community members and health workers, the levels of knowledge, interest, and participation in community mosquito control and trapping increased. Recommendations for enhancing and sustaining community mosquito control were identified.

Conclusion: Our three-component integrated intervention proved beneficial to this remote community at risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The combination of training of health workers, cluster use of low-cost ecological ovillanta to destroy the second generation of mosquitoes, and community engagement ensured the project met local needs and fostered collaboration and participation of the community, which can help improve sustainability. The ovillanta intervention and methodology may be modified to target other species such as Culex, should it be established that such mosquitoes carry Zika virus in addition to Aedes.
MOOC for Professional Managers: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Лазарева  , Lazareva M. , Новикова  , Novikova Tatyana , Никулина  , Nikulina N.
Published: March 2017

The article deals with the issues of open resources developments in the frames of training of professional managers in educational sphere. The possibilities

of MOOC prospects as distant learning technology for adult further education are studied. Existing foreign and Russian open courses and platforms are

analyzed and their characteristics are given.
Possible Approaches to the Definition, Assessment and Selection of Methodology of Teaching Russian Language and Literature for the Purpose of their Use in Educational Activity and in a Teacher Training System
Authors: Осипова  , Osipova I. , Мацыяка  , Matsyyaka E. , Савченко  , Savchenko K.
Published: March 2017

Many participants of the educational process are interested in high-quality, continuous and systemic work on the study, analysis, systematization and

distribution of the effective pedagogical experience. Studying, compilation and dissemination of pedagogical experience has always been one of the

most challenging areas of scientific and methodological activity, as it is essentially a research activity. This article describes one of the possible approaches

to developing an appropriate criterion base for evaluation and screening of effective methods of teaching Russian language and literature. The article

proposes possible criteria for the assessment of such methodologies; it analyzed 54 methodologies of teaching Russian language and literature from

public sources. This assessment can help in the selection of the most interesting and systematically presented experience in teaching Russian language

and literature; it may help to identify the effective methodologies for their use by teachers in their practice, as well as in various forms of the educational

process within the teacher training system.
HR-OUTSOURCING IN CONDITIONS OF ECOLOGICALLY-ORIENTED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Штагер  , Shtager O.
Published: March 2017

The article discusses the hypothesis of HR-outsourcing as one of the most progressive HR technology of human resource management. The issue of human resources management in terms of improving its effective operation requires the development of new tools. In the process of the permanent transformation of the economy the realization of modern approaches of human resource management is a major aspect of the formation of the enterprise’s strategy. In the article were analyzed the character of outsourcing, formed the main areas of HR-outsourcing, researched the mechanism of decision-making regarding the implementation of HR-outsourcing considering the identified strengths and weaknesses. Application of this technology in the context of globalization of economic activities eco-oriented financial institutions helps to optimize the employment policy and labor market regulation in the period of destabilization. Development of HR-outsourcing will allow to work out an effective tool to anti-crisis mechanism of social support through the application of scientific approaches and a factors diagnostics.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: THE DIFFICULTIES OF OVERCOMING THE BURDENS OF BUREAUCRATIC GRAVITY
Authors: Охотский  , Okhotskiy Evgeniy
Published: March 2017

In presented to attention of readers article the author attempted to analyze the scientific relevance and practical relevance for the modern system of public administration the problems of bureaucracy and red tape. The article explores the basic qualitative characteristics and peculiarities of functioning of the state apparatus, the difficulties of optimization of style, performance, problematic and contradictory nature of overcoming corruption and bureaucratic pathologies, threats, dysfunctions and other deformations in the practice of human resource management and public administration in General. It is emphasized that at some point the corrupt and bureaucratic mechanisms become latent shadow control system, which resist very difficult. In the result remain on top of the bureaucracy, the corruption, the brutality, the callousness and irresponsibility, and at the bottom of legal nihilism, distrust in the sincerity of the authorities ‘ double standards. In confirmation are the concrete facts relevant statistical and sociological data. In parallel, we analyze the phenomenon of bureaucracy,

explores the essence of bureaucracy and corruption, their causes and origins, manifestations, shadow side and negative social consequences. This article presents some value judgments made appropriate generalizations and conclusions, analyzes the actions taken by the state for the improvement of personnel management and guidance of proper administrative procedure in the public administration and civil service. Formulated proposals which, in the opinion of the author, will help to more efficiently realize the tasks put by the state in terms of bureaucratic control and innovation updates of the struggle against formalism, assessorship, corruption and corporate reticence.
Fast Approximation Algorithms for the One-Warehouse Multi-Retailer Problem Under General Cost Structures and Capacity Constraints
Authors: Gayon Jean-Philippe , Massonnet Guillaume , Rapine Christophe , Stauffer Gautier
Published: March 2017

We consider a well-studied multi-echelon (deterministic) inventory control problem, known in the literature as the one-warehouse multi-retailer (OWMR) problem. We propose a simple and fast 2-approximation algorithm for this NP-hard problem, by recombining the solutions of single-echelon relaxations at the warehouse and at the retailers. We then show that our approach remains valid under quite general assumptions on the cost structures and under capacity constraints at some retailers. In particular, we present the first approximation algorithms for the OWMR problem with nonlinear holding costs, truckload discount on procurement costs, or with capacity constraints at some retailers. In all cases, the procedure is purely combinatorial and can be implemented to run in low polynomial time.
Rapid response systems: recognition and rescue of the deteriorating hospital patient
Authors: Patel Sajal , Gillon Stuart A , Jones Daryl A
Published: March 2017

The last 25 years have witnessed significant change in the approach to the deteriorating patient. This article reviews and discusses the merits and drawbacks of the various systems used across the world.
Maggot therapy for wound care in Iran: a case series of the first 28 patients
Authors: Mirabzadeh A. , Ladani M.J. , Imani B. , Rosen S.A.B. , Sherman R.A.
Published: March 2017

Objective:

The need for improved wound care is receiving considerable attention in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Beginning in 2003, maggot therapy (MT) became part of Iran's effort to advance its wound care technology. The first cohort of patients treated with MT was analysed to evaluate the use of this treatment.

Method:

Patients treated with MT at three hospitals in Tehran were analysed retrospectively. Primary outcomes were time to wound debridement and time to wound healing. Factors potentially influencing primary outcomes were also recorded, including demographic factors (such as age, race, gender), wound characteristics, underlying medical illnesses, and treatment attitudes.

Results:

We analysed 28 patients with 29 wounds. Most (55%) of the wounds were ischaemic, neuropathic or mixed-pathology foot ulcers in patients with diabetes. Half were considered unsalvageable. All were completely debrided and subsequently healed with MT, without amputation, grafts, or advanced interventions. Osteomyelitis was present in all cases before MT, but appeared to have been eradicated, without recurrence during at least three years' follow-up. The most common adverse events were malodour, with wound pain reported in two patients. All patients and therapists were pleased with their overall experience.

Conclusion:

Maggot therapy can provide advanced wound care even in resource-limited areas. Maggot therapy was very acceptable to the patients and their therapists.
Equine Review
Authors: Fiske-Jackson Andy
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on using a smartphone for gait analysis, peripheral neuropathies in the forelimb and the effect of amikacin dose during intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses.
Cattle Review
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

This edition of Cattle Review considers papers on routine foot trimming in heifers, genetic resistance to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and the effects of post-insemination progesterone supplementation on conception rates in dairy cows.
Breaking down the barriers
Authors: Tugcu Ipek
Published: March 2017

Language barriers between patients and doctors are causing unnecessary injuries and medical negligence claims. Ipek Tugcu offers some advice for practice managers on keeping the lines of communication open
What is animation? The ‘Six Blind Men and an Elephant’ conundrum
Authors: Matarazzo Vera
Published: March 2017

This article examines how to define animation. It aims to critique attempts to briefly define animation in its essence, through an examination of several quandaries and pitfalls related to such attempts, including their lines of reasoning, justifications and defining boundaries. It shows that definitions of animation are influenced by how individuals attempting a definition relate to animation (animators, scholars, critics, etc.). It concludes that most attempts to define animation succinctly resemble themselves and present similar problems, being inadequate to properly explain the term and its relation to live-action film. Since animation cannot be properly defined in these succinct formulations, a more comprehensive and developed definition is proposed.
Remuneración variable, política salarial y negociación colectiva: hacia un nuevo enfoque
Authors: García Hernández Rosa
Published: March 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la implantación de un elemento de flexibilidad salarial, como son los sistemas de remuneración variable, y ver su conexión con las diferentes tipologías de negociación colectiva y con la política salarial implementada por diferentes países, a nivel de establecimiento o empresa. A partir de los datos procedentes de la European Company Survey y de diversas clasificaciones y bases de datos (ICTWSS, Eurofound y Structure of Earnings Survey) y a partir de una muestra de diferentes países europeos vemos en qué tipo de regímenes se utilizan más o menos estos esquemas de retribución variables.Las conclusiones que se extraen es que a medida que los países tienen esquemas de negociación colectiva más descentralizada, tienen más tendencia a utilizar los sistemas de retribución variable. Pero en el caso de los esquemas de participación en beneficios y de propiedad de acciones de la empresa, los países con esquemas de negociación colectiva más centralizada son los que tienen un peso mayor. Por tanto, se podría dar un nuevo enfoque a algunos de estos esquemas de retribución variable si las organizaciones sindicales, a cambio de aceptarlos, consiguieran más información, más control, más participación en los órganos de decisión y en las decisiones estratégicas de la empresa.
Los derechos participativos: ¿instrumentos al servicio de la representación o derechos autónomos?
Authors: Marín Martínez Francisco
Published: March 2017

Los derechos participativos de los trabajadores y trabajadoras encuentran su regulación principalmente a nivel nacional en nuestro artículo 64 ET. El concepto global de “participación” engloba hoy en día la información pasiva, la consulta y la participación, entendida ahora como concepto activo con base en el cual los trabajadores y trabajadoras ejercen determinado poder de decisión en la empresa. No obstante, uno de los aspectos clave a la hora de determinar la naturaleza de este tipo de derechos es si estos son autónomos y por consiguiente dependientes de sí mismos, o si son por el contrario tan sólo instrumentales de las instancias representativas de los trabajadores y trabajadoras en la empresa. La respuesta a esta duda esclarecerá determinadas dudas cruciales a la hora de comprender el alcance de este tipo de derechos.
United we stand, divided we fall: poder de clase, cadenas globales de valor y estrategias sindicales en el parque de proveedores de Mercedes-Benz Vitoria-Gasteiz
Authors: Las Heras Jon
Published: March 2017

La globalización del capitalismo en su forma neoliberal ha puesto bajo presión los derechos de los trabajadores y las organizaciones de clase. Este artículo presenta una experiencia positiva para cuestionar la idea de que la lucha de clases es estéril, en vez de limitada, contradictoria o desigual. Para ello, el artículo presenta inicialmente un esquema teórico donde el poder de clase y estrategias de clase están integradas dialécticamente y en continua transformación. El artículo pasa a revisar la literatura de Economía Política Global para entender la formación de las Cadenas Globales de Valor. Una aproximación metodológica cualitativa que enfatiza la importancia de las entrevistas en profundidad para entender la cosmo-visión de los agentes sociales precede al estudio de caso. El resto del artículo estudia las estrategias sindicales en la planta de automoción de Mercedes-Benz Vitoria-Gasteiz y, primordialmente, la de los proveedores y subcontratas. La estrategia beligerante e inclusiva de ELA fue crucial durante los 2000 para la transformación positiva de su poder económico e ideológico en un contexto adverso. Los márgenes para la lucha existen, el problema es encontrarlos y actuar.
Total serum IgE levels in soil-transmitted helminth infected children with atopy symptoms
Authors: Wijaya Hendri , Irsa Lily , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Loebis Sjabaroeddin , Evalina Rita
Published: March 2017

Background High total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levelsand eosinophilia are markers for atopy, but other factors mayalso play a key role in affecting atopy, such as intestinal parasiticinfection. Helminthiasis has been associated with a reduced riskof atopy and asthma symptoms in areas with high prevalence ofparasitic infections.Objective To assess for associations between total serum IgElevel and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) infection, as wellas between STH infection and allergy symptoms.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional stu dy on 84consecutively-enrolled children , aged 7- 13 years, in theSecanggang Subdistrict, Langkat District, North SumateraProvince. Subjects were enrolled into one of two groups, with orwithout STH infection. Total serum IgE measurements and stoolSTH examinations were performed in all subjects. Data on atopyor allergy symptoms were obtained by parental interview.Results The 42 subjects with STH infection had significantlyhigher mean total serum lg E levels than the 42 subjects withoutinfec tion, 1,13 1.26 IU/mL and 744.76 IU/mL, respectiv ely(P = 0.029). We also fo und significant positive association sbetween STH infection and asthma symptoms (P= 0.049), as wellas eczema symptoms (P=0.044).Conclusion Mean total serum IgE level is higher in STHinfectedsubjects than in those without infection. In addition,STH infection is positively associated with asthma and eczemasymptoms.
Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of pregnant women on early initiation of breastfeeding
Authors: Ayukarningsih Yoke , Sutedja Sutedja , Mardiyah Anna
Published: March 2017

Background Infant mortality rate is an indicator of the degree ofhealth in society. In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate remainshigh, with most deaths occurring in the first 24 hours of life.Breastfeeding has been shown to reduce infant mortality, especiallyif undertaken in the first hour of life. This practice is knownas early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB). According to variousstudies, EIB implementation may be influen ced by many factorssuch as knowledge, attitude, behavior, and health care facilities.Objective To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and behaviorof pregnant women towards EIB.Methods We conducted a descriptive study using questionnaireson 74 pregnant women in the outpatient clinic of Obstetrics andGynecology Department, Dustira Hospital, Cimahi, West Java,Indonesia from November to December 2012.Results Out of 74 respondents, 21 % had a good level of knowledgeon EIB, 23% had an adequate knowledge, and 56% had less thanadequate knowledge on EIB. A positive attitude towards EIBwas found in 65% of the respondents, while 35% had a negativeattitude. With regards to behavior conducive to EIB, 8% ofrespondents had good behavior, 57% had moderate behaviot; and35%had less than adequate behavior.Conclusion Majority of pregnant women have less than adequateknowledge on EIB, a positive attitude towards EIB, and moderateto less than adequate behavior conducive to EIB.
Evidence based case report: Pyridoxine supplementation in children with pervasive developmental disorders
Authors: Darmaputri Sekarpramita , Wiguna Tjhin
Published: March 2017

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD)is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder,c haract erized by social withdrawal,communication deficits, and repetitivebehaviors. PDD include autistic disorder, Rett'ssyndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger' ssyndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder nototherwise specified or atypical autism.1 Update ofepidemiological studies published between 1966 and2006 show reports of estimated prevalence for autismhas varied between 3 .31 and 86 children per 10,000, 2and predominantly occurs in males than females(male:female ratio = 4: 1) .3There is a hypothesis that behavioral problemsin children with pervasive developmental disorderare highly associated with the neurotransmitterimbalances. Therefore, psychotropic medications (eg.atypical antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors, and psychostimulants), which work ondopamine and serotonin receptors, are the FDAapprovedmedications for PDD.4 On the other hands,the use of novel, unconventional, and/or off- labeltreatments associated with the n eurotransmitterspathway for children with POD is increasing andmore common.
Composição química e toxicidade do óleo essencial de eucalipto sobre o ácaro-rajado
Authors: Souza Lauana Pellanda de , ZAGO HUGO BOLSONI , Pinheiro Patrícia Fontes , Valbon Wilson Rodrigues , Zuim Vitor , Pratissoli Dirceu
Published: March 2017

The spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a polyphagous pest which causes extensive damage to Brazilian agriculture. The control of this pest is usually performed by synthetic origin products. Thus, the essential oils with acaricide property can be resources considered as an alternative to control this pest. The objective of this study was to identify the chemical composition and evaluate the fumigation toxicity of Eucalyptus citriodora (Hook.) KD Hill & LAS Johnson essential oil on T. urticae. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation, usinga Clevenger type apparatus . The compounds identification was made comparing the obtained mass spectra with the available spectra in the database of the spectral library Willey 330,000 and by the Kovats index (IK), calculated for each compound. Adult female spotted spider mite were subjected to doses of 3.57, 7.14, 10.71, 14.28 and 17.85 μL L-1 of the essential oil air in fumigation chambers during 24, 48 and 72 hours. Subsequently, lethal concentration (LC50) of the essential oil was estimated. Ten compounds were identified, being the citronellal (68.20%) the major compound. The LC50 value observed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure to essential oil were 17.55, 17.00 and 10.50 μL L-1 of air, respectively, and the fecundity of T. urticae females reduced with an increase of the used concentrations.
Identification of biomarkers associated to ‘Gala’ apples ripening and postharvest quality
Authors: Pegoraro Camila , Storch Tatiane Timm , Crizel Giseli Rodrigues , Rombaldi Cesar Valmor , Girardi César Luis
Published: March 2017

Apple is, sociocultural and economically, on of the most important species in the world, and stands out for its high storage potential. However, the monitoring of factors that could result in fruit quality modifications during postharvest is essential to ensure the acceptability and for the development of new storage technologies in order to increase fruit shelf life. Approaches focused on molecular biology, such as RT-qPCR have been used to better understand the mechanisms involved in fruit development and maturation. In this study the use of RT-qPCR to monitoring apple quality during ripening and development in different postharvest conditions such as room temperature, cold storage with or without control of atmosphere and the 1-methylcyclopropene usage were proposed. The potential of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response, cell wall modification and degradation, sugar and aroma metabolisms for employment as biomarkers of fruit development and quality were evaluated. Thus MdEXP4 is highlighted as biomarker for development and MdACO1, MdPG1, MdAF1, MdAF3 and MdAAT2 as potential biomarkers for ripening. MdACO1 and MdPG1 appear as suitable markers for quality, conservation technologies and storage time in apples. This work suggests that the study of gene expression by RT-qPCR may be an alternative for a better fruit characterization during the development and postharvest period.
Irrigação com águas salinas e aplicação de prolina foliar em cultivo de pimentão ‘All Big’
Authors: Lima Geovani Soares de , Santos João Batista dos , Anjos Soares Lauriane Almeida dos , Gheyi Hans Raj , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Pereira Rennan Fernandes
Published: March 2017

It is proposed in this study the evaluation of the growth and yield of ‘All Big’ sweet pepper under foliar application of proline and irrigation with saline water. The research was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lisimeters under greenhouse conditions, using an Eutrophic Entisol with sandy-loam texture in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used testing two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.6 and 3.0 dS m-1) associated to four proline levels (0, 10, 20 and 30 mmol L-1). Irrigation with water with ECw= 3.0 dS m-1 negatively affected the ‘All Big’pepper growth and the stem dry mass, being the most sensitive variable; the highest values for fresh mass, number and average weight of pepper fruits were obtained when water with ECw=0.6 dS m-1 was used, with proline doses of 12.17 and 0 mmol L-1, respectively; increasing proline doses did not mitigate the deleterious effects caused by irrigation water salinity of 3.0 dS m-1 on growth and yield of ‘All Big ‘ sweet pepper.
Antimicrobial activity of leaf and root extracts of tough lovegrass
Authors: Favaretto Adriana , Tonial Fabiana , Bertol Charise Dallazem , Scheffer-Basso Simone Meredith
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to evaluate tough lovegrass leaf and root extracts antimicrobial activity. The extracts (plant material: solvent, 1:10) were prepared by maceration with methanol:water (1:1) during ten days followed by a concentration in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. The extracts were resuspended in water containing 1% of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain a final concentration of 100 mg/mL and then filtered through a sterilizing membrane with 0.22μm. The antibacterial activity of the leaf and root extracts were evaluated against pathogenic and phytopathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion and microdilution broth methods for the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determination. The antifungal activity of tough lovegrass leaf and root extracts were evaluated by micelial growth inhibition and conidial germination inhibition. The extracts presented low antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Xanthomonas translucens, but the leaf extracts presented significant antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera tritici-repentis. The results support the continuity of the study in improving the effectiveness of the active extract for a possible use in pharmacology and agronomy and in attempting to determine the probable active antimicrobial compound.
The awareness of Russians about iodine deficiency diseases and methods of it’s prevention
Authors: Melnichenko Galina A. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Platonova Nadezhda M. , Savchuk Pavel O. , Yakunchikova Maria S.
Published: March 2017

Обоснование: Среднее потребление йода жителем России в 3 раза меньше установленной нормы. Недостаточное потребление йода создает серьезную угрозу здоровью 100 млн. россиян, в том числе сохраняется угроза нарушения физического и умственного развития у 32,8 млн. детей, проживающих в Российской Федерации. Сложившаяся ситуация требует проведения систематической йодной профилактики.Цель: Оценка осведомленности россиян о йододефицитных заболеваниях, их последствиях и мерах профилактики, а так же формирование у граждан осознанной необходимости в сбалансированном употреблении йодированной соли и продуктов, богатых йодом.Методы: Проведение опроса россиян разной возрастной категории в рамках Всероссийской акции по профилактике йододефицитных заболеваний и подсчет полученных результатов.Результаты: В опросе приняли участие 34968 россиян. 54,4% респондентов употребляют в пищу йодированную соль. Информированность населения о йододефицитных заболеваниях в среднем составляет 62, 6%. В поддержку закона о всеобщем йодировании соли на производствах России выступили  66, 4% россиян.Заключение: Исходя из оценки полученных данных, даже среди лиц, осведомленных по вопросу йододефицитных заболеваний, далеко не все понимают значимость использования в пищу йодированной соли и влияние этого фактора на общую заболеваемость. С целью предупреждения распространения йодного дефицита и снижения риска развития его тяжелых последствий в России необходима организация системной массовой профилактики и повышение медицинской грамотности населения по данному вопросу.
MEMAHAMI SOSIOLOGI SEBAGAI REPOSISI ILMU DALAM ISLAM
Authors: Huda Zainul
Published: March 2017

Among the weakness of human resources in Islam is rooted on the way Muslims perceived knowledge. Within the everyday life of Muslims, there are some branches of knowledge that are considered as less important. Furthermore, some conservative Muslims even see those less important knowledge as prohibited to be learnt based on Westerners domination of those knowledge and ignore the use of those knowledge for human beings. This model of perceiving knowledge has serious impact on individual as well as Muslim as the whole ummah in leading the development of knowledge in the world. This article tries to correct or at least to give a contribution in building opinion in order to provide more suitable perspective of Islam in perceiving knowledge. By employing Islam as a framework to portray the development of science in Islam is necessary in order to create awareness among Muslims on the necessity of acquiring and developing knowledge for the sake of better life for all human beings