bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking antitumor immunity with adenosine receptor blockers
Authors: Remley Victoria A. , Linden Joel , Bauer Todd W. , Dimastromatteo Julien
Published: October 2023

Tumors survive by creating a tumor microenvironment (TME) that suppresses antitumor immunity. The TME suppresses the immune system by limiting antigen presentation, inhibiting lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell activation, and facilitating T cell exhaustion. Checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA are immunostimulatory antibodies, and their blockade extends the survival of some but not all cancer patients. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is abundant in inflamed tumors, and its metabolite, adenosine (ADO), is a driver of immunosuppression mediated by adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and adenosine A2B receptors (A2BR) found on tumor-associated lymphoid and myeloid cells. This review will focus on adenosine as a key checkpoint inhibitor-like immunosuppressive player in the TME and how reducing adenosine production or blocking A2AR and A2BR enhances antitumor immunity.
Feasibility of CO2 desorption and electrolytic regeneration of potassium carbonate solution in an anion exchange membrane cell
Authors: Fu Daxue , Wang Yukun , Yu Shikai
Published: October 2023

In this work, an electrolytic process was introduced for coupled regeneration of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) solution and water electrolysis by using an anion exchange membrane cell. The process made the CO2 separation from O2 much easier with respect to the existing cationic exchange membrane process. The solution of K2CO3 was used in the cathode chamber to simulate the solution after absorbing CO2. The solution of sulfuric acid (0.1 mol/L H2SO4) was charged in the anode chamber. The feasibility of the process was discussed. The effects of various operation parameters, including temperature, current density, and electrolysis time, were studied. The results indicate that both the yield rate of CO2 and the current efficiency increase initially and decrease afterward with temperature. The yield rate of CO2 increases while the current efficiency decreases with the current density. A low current density can reduce the energy consumption for producing the same amount of CO2. The processes using anion exchange membrane electrolysis can regenerate the absorbent solution to achieve 89% current efficiency, and the simultaneous production of three pure gases, CO2, H2, and O2, makes this method promising.
EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN BARCODE BASED TEST DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEDAGOGIS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMP NEGERI 1 CANGKRINGAN
Authors: Rizal Aji Nugroho  , Muh. Luthfi Laliu  , Moh. Mizan Habibi
Published: October 2023

Barcode based test merupakan salah satu media yang bisa digunakan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pedagogis guru. Penerapan barcode based test dapat membantu guru dalam menyiapkan media dan penilaian pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penerapan barcode based test dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pedagogis guru. Kemampuan pedagogis guru tersebut mencakup persiapan, proses, dan penilaian pembelajaran.Penelitian ini berlokasi di SMP Negeri 1 Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan dilakukan dengan penelitian lapangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi penelitian. Adanya keefektifan penerapan barcode based test ini ditandai dengan adanya kemudahan yang didapatkan oleh guru, terutama dalam meningkatnya profesionalitas pengembangan administrasi media dan penilaian pembelajaran.
Theoretical Foundations of Macroeconomics with Impulse and Jump Characteristics
Authors: Aliukov Sergei Viktorovich
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the economies of many countries of the world are in a situation of intense shock processes. The current situation urgently needs to change the economic paradigm in the near future, which objectively requires the development of new conceptual models. The purpose of the paper is to develop the basic theoretical provisions of a new macroeconomics based on impulse and jump processes. Research problems are the following: 1) to describe the main types of impulse and jump functions with examples from economic theory and practice; 2) to perform an analytical representation of impulse and jump functions; 3) to select macroeconomic characteristics for the analysis of rapidly changing processes in the economy; 4) to create models and mechanisms for predicting impulsive and abrupt changes in macroeconomics. The approaches to the development of macroeconomic theory and its methods proposed in the article are not associated with the use of evolutionary continuous functions, for example, power functions, which is typical for many canonical macroeconomic models. These approaches do not include management decisions to achieve optimal values of given target functions, which is typical for recursive macroeconomic models of dynamic programming. This article is about formulating the foundations of macroeconomic theory and its methods, which, with some degree of accuracy, could give a forecast about the impending possibility of abrupt changes (impulse, shock, jump, stepwise and others) in the macroeconomic situation. The research methodology is statistical analysis, special methods for studying impulse and jump processes developed by the author. As a result of the study, the main provisions of the macroeconomic theory based on rapid impulse and spasmodic changes were formulated, approaches were outlined for constructing the tools of this theory, problems and tasks for further research were identified.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Properties of Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids-Rich Extracts of Medicago sativa and Solidago virgaurea
Authors: Paun Gabriela , Neagu Elena , Albu Camelia , Alecu Andreia , Seciu-Grama Ana-Maria , Radu Gabriel-Lucian
Published: October 2023

The present study evaluated the antioxidant, antidiabetic properties, and biocompatibility of Medicago sativa and Solidago virgaurea extracts enriched in flavonoid and isoflavonoid compounds. The extracts were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction and laser irradiation. Then, nanofiltration was used for the concentration of flavonoid and isoflavonoid compounds from extracts. The extracts were analyzed for antioxidant capacity using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power methods, while the antidiabetic property was tested by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and in vitro on a murine insulinoma cell line (β-TC-6). M. sativa obtained by laser irradiation and concentrated by nanofiltration had the highest DPPH• scavenging (IC50 = 105.2±1.1 and reducing power activities (IC50 = 40.98±0.2 µg/mL). M. sativa extracts had higher inhibition on α-amylase (IC50 = 23.9±1.2, respectively 26.8±1.1), while S. virgaurea had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (9.3±0.9 ?g/mL respectively 8.6±0.7 ?g/mL). The results obtained after evaluating the antidiabetic in vitro activity showed that the treatment with M. sativa and S. virgaurea flavonoid- and isoflavonoid-rich extracts stimulated the insulin secretion of β-TC-6 cells, both under normal conditions as well as in hyperglycemic conditions. This paper argued that M. sativa and S. virgaurea flavonoid-rich and isoflavonoid-rich extracts could be an excellent natural source with promising antidiabetic potential.
Diagenesis of the Permian Fengcheng Formation Shale Series in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, China
Authors: Bai Bin , Liang Jiwei , Dai Chaocheng , He Wenjun , Yu Zhenkun , Bai Ying , Chang Xiaobin , Zheng Meng , Li Hanlin , Zong Hao
Published: October 2023

The Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag of the Junggar Basin was generally composed of detritus, pyroclastic material, carbonates, and evaporites. During the process of sedimentation, the climate was arid or semi-arid. Due to the effect of high concentration and sodium-rich source, an alkaline lake was formed, and alkaline minerals were also preserved in the stratum. After the sediments were buried, three mineral assemblages were formed in the Fengcheng Formation, which are carbonate mineral assemblages (i.e., calcite + ferreous dolomite), reedmergnerite and carbonate mineral assemblages (i.e., reedmergnerite + calcite + ferreous dolomite), and reedmergnerite and alkaline mineral assemblages (i.e., reedmergnerite + shortite + trona), respectively. According to the homogenization temperature of reedmergnerite primary fluid inclusions, alkaline diagenesis of Fengcheng Formation is divided into early stage（≤100℃） and middle stage（＞100℃）, respectively. The former is characterized by the generation of ferreous saddle dolomite, quartz dissolution, and agglutination of the laumontite, which occurred under normal burial conditions. The latter is marked by the reedmergnerite’s appearance, which is correlated to deep hydrothermal activity controlled by faults. Finally, based on sedimentary and diagenetic factors, including climate, provenance, diagenetic surroundings, and the action of subsurface fluid, the alkaline deposition-diagenesis model for shale series in four stages of the Fengcheng Formation was established.
Angular-Momentum Modes in a Bosonic Condensate Trapped in the Inverse-Square
Authors: Sakaguchi Hidetsugu , Malomed Boris
Published: October 2023

In the mean-field approximation, the well-known effect of the critical quantum collapse in a 3D
gas of particles pulled to the center by potential U(r) = -U_0/(2r^2) is suppressed by repulsive interparticle interactions, which create the otherwise non-existing s-wave ground state. Here, we address excited bound states carrying the angular momentum, with the orbital and magnetic quantum
numbers, l and m. They exist above a threshold value of the potential's strength, U_0 > l(l+1). The
sectoral, tesseral, and zonal modes, which correspond to m = l, 0 < m < l, and m = 0, respectively,
are found in an approximate analytical form for relatively small values of U_0 - l(l + 1). Explicit
results are produced for the p- and d-wave states, with l = 1 and 2, respectively. In the general form,
the bound states are obtained numerically, confirming the accuracy of the analytical approximation.
THE ROLE OF GENE POLYMORPHISM OF THE XENOBIOTIC BIOTRANSFORMATION SYSTEM AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors:   Kuban State Medical University, KOSTUSHOK NADEZHDA Y. , KOROL INNA V. ,   Kuban State Medical University, IVANOVA LYUDMILA A. ,   Kuban State Medical University, PAVLYUCHENKO IVAN I. ,   Kuban State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction.The main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the development of multifactorial diseases are genetic predisposition and environmental factors. A special role in the prognosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is played by diabetic nephropathy, which leads to chronic kidney disease in its outcome. In the conditions of modern technogenic civilization, it is believed that the most significant contribution to the formation of predisposition to socially significant human diseases can be made by genes of enzymes of protective and adaptive systems of the body – these are, first of all, genes of enzymes of antioxidant protection and biotransformation of xenobiotics. The aim of the study was to study the role of polymorphic variants of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system and antioxidant protection (G681A in the CYP2C19 gene; G1293C in the CYP2E1 gene) in the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. The study included patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (50 people) and healthy individuals (20 people). Molecular-genetic, clinical-laboratory and biochemical research methods were used. The reliability of differences in the distribution of genotype frequencies between groups of patients and healthy individuals was assessed by the test2, by the method of conjugate tables (four-field table). Results and discussion. The activity of the processes of free radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation increases many times in type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is confirmed in our study by an increase in the content of malondialdehyde products against the background of an increase in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system. This is especially evident in individuals carrying heterozygous polymorphism of the CYP2C19 (G681A) and CYP2E1 (G1293C) genes, which is also combined with a more pronounced decrease in kidney function in these patients compared with carriers of other polymorphic variants of the studied genes. Conclusion. Heterozygous polymorphism of the CYP2C19 (G681A) and CYP2E1 (G1293C) genes in combination with increased activity of antioxidant defense enzymes and xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes leads to a more severe course of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PHENOTYPES OF OCCUPATIONAL СHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod research institute for hygiene and occupational pathology” Rospotrebnadzor, FEDOTOV VASILY D. , LAVRENYUK NATALIA A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod research institute for hygiene and occupational pathology” Rospotrebnadzor,, DOBROTINA IRINA S. ,   Volga Medical Research University, TULICHEV ALEXANDER A. ,   Volga Medical Research University, SOLOVIANOVA ELENA N. ,   Volga Medical Research University, TULICHEVA NINA A. ,   Volga Medical Research University, KHUDYAKOVA EKATERINA M. ,   Volga Medical Research University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The pathogenetic differences between the phenotypes of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which develop after silica-containing dust exposure are still unclear. The research aims to study the relationship of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clinical phenotypes with inflammation. Material and methods. 123 patients were included in the study. Basing on the forced expiratory volume in 1 second, clinical symptoms and the history of exacerbations, the patients were divided into 4 groups (group 1 - 30 people (24%) phenotype «B1», group 2 - 16 people phenotype «B2» (13%), group 3 - 32 people (26%) phenotype «D», group 4 - 45 people (36%) phenotype «A»). The groups of patients were comparable in age, body mass index, duration of working period in hazardous conditions, the number of cardiovascular comorbidities (p>0.05), but differed in spirometry, the number of exacerbations and the number of eosinophils in the blood (p = 0.02, p = 0.0001 and p=0.006) and therapy. Results and discussion. The concentration of hyaluronic acid in the blood serum was increased in all groups of the patients, but most of all in the «D» phenotype, 204.5 ng/ml, p=0.0024. Immunoglobulin A was above the normal level in the patients with phenotypes «B2» and «D»6,32 and 9.84 mg/l, p=0.0059. Endothelial synthase in phenotypes «B2» and «D» was more than 2 times higher than in other groups (57.9 and 64.5 pg/ml, р=0.013). The groups did not differ in terms of endothelin-1. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) correlations between exacerbations, eosinophils, comorbidities, forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Immunoglobulin A had a direct relationship with endothelial synthase and an inverse relationship with forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Hyaluronic acid directly correlated with the number of exacerbations and eosinophils and inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Endothelial synthase had a direct relationship with eosinophils and cardiovascular comorbidities and an inverse relationship with forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Conclusion. The concentration of hyaluronic acid, immunoglobulin A and endothelial synthase in the blood serum reflects the activity of remodelling bronchi, the risk of exacerbations and connections to cardiovascular comorbidities.
PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, GALYAUTDINOV GENSHAT S. , MENDELEVICH VLADIMIR D. ,   Kazan State Medical University, ZHIDYAEVSKIJ ALEXANDER G. ,   Kazan State Medical University, NESTERINA MARIA K. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The high prevalence of chronic cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, makes this problem not only medical but also social. It becomes important to study the role of psychosocial risk factors in their development and progression, as well as mechanisms allowing to adapt to the changing living conditions for this reason. Aim. The aim of the study is to review the current information on the process of adaptation to chronic cardiovascular disease from social, psychological and clinical perspectives. Material and Methods. A review of current research from 1997 to 2022, published in eLibrary, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases, was conducted on the analysis of psychosocial and clinical risk factors and their impact on patient adaptive capacity in chronic cardiovascular disease using the two keywords «psychosocial adaptation», «cardiovascular disease». Results and discussion. Psychosocial adaptation to chronic cardiovascular disease occurs in complex from social, psychological and clinical points of view. The patient’s social status, which includes, in addition to the level of education, profession, qualification and lifestyle, can change under the influence of the disease. The process of psychological adaptation depends on the psychological and psychiatric characteristics of the patient, such as personality traits, severity of affective disorders, and cognitive status. The presence of the illness, severity of its course, severity of symptoms and adherence to therapy naturally influence both psychological and social adaptation. Conclusion. Successful recognition of psychosocial risk factors and correct evaluation of patient’s adaptation to chronic cardiovascular disease will allow to carry out qualitative cardiological rehabilitation, directly influence quality of life, adherence to treatment and improve prognosis of the main disease
DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ENDOCAN AND ENDOGLIN AS MARKERS OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Authors:   Crimean Federal University, ZAKHARYAN ELENA A. , AGEEVA ELIZABETH S. ,   Crimean Federal University, SHRAMKO YULIANA I. ,   Crimean Federal University, MALY KONSTANTIN D. ,   Crimean Federal University, SARANAEVA ELVINA S. ,   Crimean Federal University, MITRONINA ANZHELIKA E. ,   Crimean Federal University, IBRAGIMOVA REGINA E. ,   Crimean Federal University, GURTOVA ANNA K. ,   Crimean Federal University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Endothelial dysfunction is a key link in the atherosclerotic process and therefore the study of specific markers may provide new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for its correction. Aim of this work was to study the role of new biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (endocan and endoglin) in early detection and prognosis of cardiovascular pathology. Material and methods. Meta-analysis of the literature sources in the scientific electronic bibliographic databases PubMed and Social Sciences Citation Index was carried out. Results and discussion. The meta-analysis demonstrated diagnostic and prognostic significance of endoglin and endocan in pathology of the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. Having reviewed the publications of leading scientific journals, it is clear that endothelium plays an important role both as a trigger and a catalyst in many cardiovascular diseases. The data presented in this review demonstrates the important role of new biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, such as endocan and endoglin, in early diagnosis and determining the prognosis of cardiovascular pathology. Further exploration of options for their interpretation may be crucial for developing new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies
PEMBUATAN VIDEO TUTORIAL TEKNIK WINGED EYELINER PADA TATA RIAS WAJAH KOREKTIF UNTUK MATA BULAT
Authors: Titin Supiani  , Salsa Salsabila Ramadhanti
Published: October 2023

Pembuatan video tutorial ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan video tutorial teknik winged eyeliner pada tata rias wajah korektif untuk mata bulat sebagai alternatif sumber belajar dalam bidang kecantikan khususnya dalam merias wajah. Dalam proses produksi video menggunakan standar operasional prosedur yang dibagi menjadi 3 Tahapan yaitu Tahap Pra Produksi, Tahap Produksi, dan Tahap Pasca produksi. Dimana penelitian ini dilakukan kepada model yang memiliki bentuk mata bulat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode pengembangan dengan penilaian video oleh 2 orang ahli yaitu Ahli Materi dan Ahli Media utuk menguji kelayakan video tutorial. Berdasarkan uji kelayakan, didapatkan hasil uji kelayakan Ahli Materi sebesar 90% pada kategori penilaian materi sangat layak dan Ahli Media sebesar 92% pada kategori penilaian media sangat layak. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka video tutorial dinyatakan sangat layak digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber belajar dalam bidang kecantikan khususnya dalam merias wajah.

Kata Kunci: Video Tutorial, Teknik Winged Eyeliner, Rias Korektif Mata
Pengembangan Video Tutorial Teknik Jahit Bulu Mata Pada Tata Rias Pengantin India
Authors: Nazla Alinkaputri Tresna  , Sri Irtawidjajanti
Published: October 2023

Abstrak

Pembuatan video tutorial jahit bulumata pada pengantin India adalah video yang berisikan mengenai riasan wajah pengantin India dan teknik jahit bulumata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat produk berupa video tutroial yang layak. Proses didalam pembuatan video ini terdiri dari proses perencanaan,produksi dan setelah produksi. Tata rias pengantin India memiliki tampilan riasan wajah yang menghasilkan riasan wajah bold. Memiliki ciri khas pada alis dan riasan mata yang membuat mata terlihat lebih tajam. Teknik Jahit bulumata membuat mata kita terkesan lebih terbuka dan membuat mata lebih bulat.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D). Hasil pembuatan video ini memenuhi kriteria validasi dengan hasil yang di dapat oleh ahli materii 80%, oleh ahli media 100%.. Yang dapat disimpulkan bahwa video tersebut layak untuk digunakan sebagai media alternatif serta mempermudah untuk mendapatkan informasi dan pengetahuan terkait video tutorial jahit bulumata pada pengantin India.
Comparative Effectiveness of Cryotherapy and Radiofrequency Ablation for Chronic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Yun Jin , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: October 2023

Objectives. Multiple minimally invasive techniques for chronic rhinitis treatment focus on posterior nasal nerve ablation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation for alleviating symptoms in patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.Methods. We retrieved studies from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database up to July 2023. Data on the impact of cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation on quality of life and symptom ratings of rhinitis were extracted and evaluated.Results. An analysis of 12 studies involving 788 patients demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life and rhinitis-related symptoms (nasal obstruction, itching, rhinorrhea, and sneezing) in patients treated with cryotherapy or radiofrequency ablation (symptom score at 24 months and quality of life score at 3 months). However, radiofrequency ablation had a more positive effect on nasal symptoms after 3 months than cryotherapy. Nonallergic rhinitis patients responded more favorably to posterior nerve ablation than patients with allergic rhinitis. Both techniques enhanced disease-specific quality of life during the initial 3 months of treatment (cryotherapy, 84.6%; radiofrequency, 81.6%; P=0.564). After 3 months of treatment, a clinical improvement in all nasal symptoms (minimal clinically important difference in the total nasal symptom score: >1.0 points) was seen in 81.8% and 91.9% of patients who underwent cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation, respectively (P=0.005), suggesting that radiofrequency is more likely to lead to clinical improvement.Conclusion. Rhinitis-associated subjective symptom scores and quality of life may be improved by both cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation. Ablation was more efficacious than cryotherapy for nasal symptoms in patients with nonallergic rhinitis. To corroborate these findings, further randomized controlled studies directly comparing these two techniques are warranted.
Diversity Within the Field of Orthopedic Sports Medicine
Authors: Leal Justin , Clifford Alexis L. , Anastasio Albert T. , Dymtruk Michael , Roach Ryan P.
Published: October 2023

Background:

Orthopedic surgery is among the least diverse specialties in medicine. This systematic review analyzes gender, racial, and ethnic diversity within orthopedic sports medicine and aims to raise awareness and provide guidance for future strategies that support underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMs) and women in joining the orthopedic sports medicine workforce. We hypothesize that at all tiers of training, there is a lack of gender, racial, and ethnic parity in academic rank, leadership positions, and research productivity.

Methods:

A search of all published literature in the English language from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases, between January 1, 2010, and August 18, 2023, was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included studies presented demographics regarding diversity within orthopedic sports medicine and provided trends in applicants, attendings, leadership, and/or research. Bias was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) study checklist.

Results:

Thirteen studies published between 2016 and 2023 with STROBE scores 15.5 to 21.5 (70.5% to 97.7%) met criteria, and pertinent data were extracted. The percent of female orthopedic sports medicine surgeons from 2010 to 2019 increased from 5% (n = 138) to 6% (n = 206) with a compound annual growth rate of 0.2% (r2 = 0.97; p < 0.001). Females and URMs are underrepresented at the highest levels of orthopedic sports medicine leadership including department chair (female: 0% [n = 0]), division chief (female: 4% [n = 4]; URM: 3% [n = 3]), and fellowship director (female: 3.3% [n = 3]; URM: 4.4% [n = 4]). Studies from prominent orthopedic sports medicine journals (American Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and Sports Health) show a 12.1% increase in female involvement in orthopedic sports medicine research from 1972 to 2018; however, this increase captures 59.3% (n = 2,953) females with degrees other than an MD.

Conclusions:

Although increasingly more females and underrepresented minorities are joining orthopedic sports medicine, the rate of diversification remains slow and current involvement in leadership and research is minimal. Targeted efforts aimed at increasing research opportunities and inspiring interest through mentorship for URMs and females in orthopedics is essential to drive change toward parity.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV. Systematic Review. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
PHARMACY HEALTH SYSTEM IN CANADA: AN ADOPTABLE MODEL FOR ADVANCED CLINICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
Authors:   Nida Taha, Nazir Taha
Published: October 2023

The philosophy of patient care is a wide and complicated topic of literature. That is elaborated by different health institution to harmonize their local clinical activities. Undoubtedly, that is working successfully to satisfy patients, fulfill the requirement of clinicians and cover maximum mutual benefits within officially allocated budget. However, patient care has different comprehension in different demographic and socio-political setting
POTENTIATION OF THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF MELOXICAM AGAINST COX-2 NEGATIVE COLON CANCER CELLS BY NANOPARTICULATE ENCAPSULATION
Authors:   Rawan Al-Karaki, Awadallah Areeg
Published: October 2023

The aim of the current work was to elucidate whether the nanoencapsulation of meloxicam would allow its exertion of anticancer activity on colon cancer cells despite lacking COX-2 expression. Methods: Meloxicam nanoemulsion was prepared using the water dilution method, in which oleic acid was chosen as the oily phase, tween 20 as surfactant and ethanol as cosurfactant. The nanoemulsion was characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, in vitro drug release, stability and anticancer activity on HCT-116 colon cancer cells.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIFF BASE TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES: ACHE INHIBITOR, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES
Authors:   B. Ashok, Kumar Naik K. H
Published: October 2023

In the present study, we synthesized Novel ligand and their metal complexes with 8-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one ligand. The colored complexes were prepared by the addition of chloride salts of Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) to a solution of ligand. In conclusion, the structures of the obtained complexes were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis, UV-spectral studies, conductmetric and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Reconsideration of the application of the Security Services Industry Act to the Security Guard of Multi-family Housing
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Seo Jinseok
Published: October 2023

Although Multi-family Housing 'security guards' perform a variety of tasks such as cleaning and disinfection, garbage collection, and parking management as management tasks, they are limited to narrow security rooms, pre-modern working every other day, excessive break time allocation to avoid wage increases, and routine short-term contracts. They face a variety of problems, including employment instability and labor disadvantages due to the application of intermittent monitoring.
In order to solve this problem, the competent authority newly established Article 15-2 of the 「Security Services Industry Act」 for the purpose of improving the working environment of these security guards and stipulated that they cannot be allowed to engage in activities beyond the scope of security work. However, conflicts between security guards, residents, and management entities caused.
Accordingly, as a solution, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport established Article 65-2, Paragraph 1 of the 「Multi-family Housing Management Act」, allowing security guards to engage in tasks necessary for managing Multi-family Housing complexes within the scope prescribed by Presidential Decree.
And article 69-2 of the Enforcement Decree of the same Act includes tasks necessary for managing Multi-family Housing complexes, such as assistance with cleaning and similar beautification, monitoring and organizing the separate discharge of recyclable resources, posting notices and putting mail in mailboxes, and tasks such as theft, fire, and theft in Multi-family Housing complexes. Parking management and storage of delivery items were stipulated to the extent of preventing risks.
However, security guards under the 「Multi-family Housing Management Act」 and security guards under the 「Security Services Industry Act」 show differences in the content of their work, and also show differences in their work performance methods in terms of employment structure, employment type, and employment conditions. Also, in relation to laws, the 「Multi-family Housing Management Act」 and the 「Security Services Industry Act」 must be interpreted as separate laws, and it is not appropriate to directly apply the 「Security Services Industry Act」 to the security work of security guards for Multi-family Housing management.
Accordingly, through this paper, the researcher reexamined the already proposed improvement plan for the work of Multi-family Housing security guards and proposed an amendment to the 「Multi-family Housing Management Act」
Attendance Order for Prevention of Danger in the Police Act
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Son Jae-Young
Published: October 2023

In this study, the legal issues raised in relation to the attendance order for danger prevention were considered. The attendance order means that the police order the person directly to appear at the police station at a designated time or at regular intervals during that period for the purpose of preventing danger, not for the purpose of investigation or investigation. An attendance order is useful and necessary to prevent danger, but the Police Act does not provide for an attendance order as a standard action. In this case, the question arises whether the general authority clause can be a legal basis for an attendance order for danger prevention. Since an attendance order to prevent danger can severely violate the right to freedom of action, freedom of residence and movement, and, in some cases, freedom of assembly, general authority clause cannot be the legal basis for an attendance order. Another reason why the general authority clause cannot be the legal basis for an attendance order is that the general authority clause requires 'specific danger' as a requirement for police action, but the attendance order is issued at a stage before a specific danger occurs. Another reason why a attendance order cannot be enforced under the general authority clause is that a violation of 'public order', which the general authority clause requires as a requirement for police action, cannot justify a serious violation of rights, such as a attendance order. Finally, another reason why the general authority clause cannot be a legal basis for an attendance order is that where special standard measures are provided for in the Police Act measures more serious than these standard measures can be excluded by analogy. In the end, it can be established that general authority clause cannot be the legal basis for an attendance order for danger prevention. Since there is no explicit provision allowing attendance order for danger prevention in the current law, if the legislature prepares an explicit provision regarding this, it is necessary to prepare a legal basis that satisfies the principle of clarity, excessive prohibition and due process.
A study on the status and types of Military Targets terrorism using the Global Terrorism Database
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Lee Byoung Seok , Lee Seung Gwan
Published: October 2023

At a time of heightened terrorism threats from terrorism organizations and increasingly realistic threats such as North Korea's drone incursions, few studies have focused on the military, despite the fact that it is one of the biggest targets of terrorism. Therefore, this study utilized the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) to conduct an in-depth analysis of terrorism incidents and military-related terrorism damage data over the past 50 years to face the reality and risk of terrorism against military facilities and to propose alternatives.
The analysis revealed that the number of military victims and the percentage of victims are increasing, the number of deaths per incident is higher in military-related terrorism incidents than in general terrorism incidents, and the type of attack in military-related terrorism incidents is becoming more complex, while the type of attack in general terrorism incidents is becoming more monolithic with explosions. As a result of this analysis, it is necessary to adjust the priority of counter-terrorism alternatives according to the proportion of targeted facilities, and establish defense measures for each targeted facility. We hope that this study will serve as a basis for the military's future terrorism prevention measures and provide a foundation for further research.
A Study on the Factors of Smartphone Overdependence in Adolescence: An Application of the Self-determination Theory
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Lee Jusil
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that may influence smartphone overdependence of Korean adolescents. It has been known that smartphone overdependence has a negative effect on mental health of adolescents, leading to their on-offline delinquency. There has been a growing interest in examining the determinants of smartphone overdependence. Yet, previous research tends to employ empirical evidence offered by other scholars, rather than taking a theoretical approach. Supplementing the limitation of existing literature, the current study employs the self-determination theory. According to the self-determination theory, there are three types of self-determinants (i.e. autonomy, competence and relatedness) that may influence individuals’ smartphone overdependence through the mediating effect of life satisfaction. The mediating effect of life satisfaction was tested by the original Baron and Kenny method. Furthermore, the bootstrap method is used to handle the problems with the Baron and Kenny approach. The study results show that autonomy is significantly associated with reducing both female and male smartphone overdependence, through direct and indirect effects of life satisfaction. Meanwhile, the effect of competence on smartphone overdependence is not statistically significant for female students but for male students. Finally, there is no impact of relatedness on smartphone overdependence in adolescence.
A Study on Municipal Liability and Consent-Decree: A Focus on Police Civil Liability in the United States
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Lee Hoon , Kim DongLyoul
Published: October 2023

In order to file a suit under State Compensation Act in Korea, a plaintiff must prove that public officials or private persons entrusted with public duties inflict damage on other persons “by intention or negligence” in performing their official duties in violation of the statutes. The Constitutional Court of Korea has confirmed that the requirement of public officials’ intention or negligence in State Compensation Act does not violate Article 29 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. In the recent two tragic incidents of Itaewon and Osong, state government and municipalities’ inadequate policies and customs as well as lack of training are the moving force of the violations of victims’ rights rather than individual police officers and public officials. Nevertheless, the estates and victims of the incidents must rely on individual public officials’ intention or negligence in order to successfully win their case under State Compensation Act. In contrast, the Civil Rights Act of 1871, 42 U.S. Code Section 1983 allows plaintiffs to file a suit against municipal entities when their constitutional or federally guaranteed rights are violated by unconstitutional policies, customs or practices as well as lack of training or supervision. Furthermore, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 42 U.S. Code Section 14141 allows government authorities to review the practices of law enforcement agencies that violate citizens’ constitutional rights. In this regard, the present study, analyzing the parliamentary audit and inspection report on the Itaewon incident, proposed several policy implications for the revision of State Compensation Act by allowing plaintiffs to directly sue state, municipalities, policymakers and supervisors.
Phytotoxic study of glycosylated flavonols from Annona coriacea (Annonaceae) on cultivated species and an invasive grass.
Authors: Novaes Paula , Lopes Jenifer de Carvalho , Ferreira Marcelo J Pena , Santos Déborah Yara Alves Cursino
Published: October 2023

Annona coriacea Mart. is a Brazilian native species whose phytotoxicity was described, although there is no data about the compounds responsible for it. The aim of this study was bioprospecting A. coriacea in relation to phytotoxicity on the elongation of wheat elongation coleoptiles and on germination and initial growth of standard target species (lettuce and tomato) and a weed (Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster). Thus, the leaf ethanolic extract was subjected to chromatographic separation furnishing the isolation of 11 flavonols: 1 - Quercetin-3-O-gentiobioside, 2 - Quercetin-3-O-robinobioside, 3 - Rutin, 4 - Hyperin, 5 - Isoquercitrin, 6 - Biorobin, 7 - Nicotiflorin, 8 -Keioside, 9 - Narcissin, 10 - Cacticin and 11 - Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside. This is the first report of wheat coleoptile bioassay to all these compounds and it is also the first phytotoxicity results for 1, 2, 6, 8 and 10. Compounds 5, 7 and 11 showed elevated phytotoxicity in wheat coleoptiles bioassay (IC50 0.22 mM, r2 0.97; IC50 0.48 mM, r2 0.93; IC50 0.28 mM, r2 0.92, respectively). No correlation was found between the structure of the compounds and their activity. Compounds 5 and 11 were also tested on diaspores. Compound 11 significantly reduced the germination of U. decumbens in almost all concentrations, with values between 50% and 65%. The broad distinction concerning the complexity of the biological systems was suggested as an explanation for the distinct effects observed for coleoptile and germination and initial growth assays.
Generation of a lethal mouse model expressing human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis
Authors: Kim Kyun Do , Jeong Gi Uk , Hwang Insu , Lee Wooseong , Choi Ji Hyun , Young Yoon Gun , Kim Hae Soo , Yang Jeong-Sun , Kim Kyung-Chang , Lee Joo-Yeon , Kim Seong-Jun , Kwon Young-Chan
Published: October 2023

Mouse models expressing human ACE2 for coronavirus disease 2019 have been frequently used to understand its pathogenesis and develop therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. Given that human TMPRSS2 supports viral entry, replication, and pathogenesis, we established a double-transgenic mouse model expressing both human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Co-overexpression of both genes increased viral infectivity in vitro and in vivo. Notably, double-transgenic mice showed significant body weight loss, clinical disease symptoms, acute lung injury, lung inflammation, and lethality in response to viral infection, indicating that they were highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Pretreatment with the TMPRSS2 inhibitor, nafamostat, effectively reduced virus-induced weight loss, viral replication, and mortality in the double-transgenic mice. Moreover, the susceptibility and differential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 variants were demonstrated in this animal model. Together, our results demonstrate that double-transgenic mice could provide a highly susceptible mouse model for viral infection to understand SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and evaluate antiviral therapeutics against coronavirus disease 2019.
Intellectual Property Protection and Synergizing the Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Wang Jinchao , Yang Xiaojun , Liu Yiming
Published: October 2023

The Chinese government is implementing a Synergizing the Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions (SRPC) strategy to shift to green development. This study aims to assess whether a good intellectual property (IPR) environment is conducive to SRPC in Chinese cities. Based on data from 284 cities in China from 2004–2019, we employ the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response-Management (DPSIRM) model to measure SRPC levels at the city level. We then use China's Intellectual Property Model City (IPMC) pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment and apply a multi-period difference model to investigate the impact of establishment on urban SRPC. The study finds that the IPMC pilot policy promotes urban SRPC, and the findings hold after rigorous robustness tests. The mechanism is that the IPMC pilot policy promotes green technology innovation (GTI), draws government attention, and optimizes elements allocation. In addition, the heterogeneity test shows that the effect is greater in the Northeast cities as well as in small and medium-sized cities, while the effect is not significant in the West. Our findings provide theoretical and practical insights into how China can enhance IPR protection to advance SRPC.
Biodiversity of Morchella in Switzerland: a study highlighting the diversity of native black morels and the discovery of five new phylogenetic lineages
Authors: Cravero Melissa , Bonito Gregory , Robinson Aaron J. , Chain Patrick S. , Bindschedler Saskia , Junier Pilar
Published: October 2023

True morels (Morchella spp.) are a diverse fungal genus with more than 80 recognized species that show high continental endemism. The cultivation of Asian morel isolates in Europe is becoming more common in Switzerland and other European countries, however, the impact this may have on the diversity of native morel populations remains unknown. In order to address this, we sought to establish an initial inventory of the diversity of native morel species across Switzerland. The biodiversity of morels was assessed through a combination of field collection and multi-locus (ITS, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1-a markers) phylogenetic analysis. The analyses of a collection of 141 morel fruiting bodies revealed a high diversity within Morchella Sect. Distantes, and the discovery of five new phylogenetic lineages denoted as Morchella sp. Mel-43, Mel-44, Mel-45, Mel-46 and Mel-47. In addition, Morchella importuna, Morchella deliciosa, Morchella pulchella, and Morchella esculenta were detected in Switzerland.
High nanoplastic concentrations across the North Atlantic
Authors: Materic Dusan , Hietbrink Sophie ten , Holzinger Rupert , Niemann Helge
Published: October 2023

Plastic pollution of the marine realm is globally ubiquitous and a substantial body of research has concentrated on microplastics (1 µm – 5 mm). Ocean nanoplastics (<1 µm), in contrast, are understudied and the mass budget of this domain thus remains unknown. Here we measured nanoplastic concentrations on an ocean basin scale along a transect crossing the North Atlantic from the subtropical gyre to the northern European shelf using Thermal Desorption – Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry. Substantial amounts of polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoplastic (~2-25 ng ml-1) were observed throughout the entire water column (measured in the well-mixed surface layer, at 1 kilometer depth and in bottom waters). We found higher nanoplastic concentrations in the well-mixed surface layer closer to the European continent, while bottom waters contained the lowest nanoplastic concentrations (primarily comprising PET). A conservative extrapolation of our findings shows that the total (PS+PVC+PET) nanoplastic mass in the well-mixed surface layer of the North Atlantic Ocean alone amounts to 33-50 million tonnes (Mt). This is in the same range or exceeds previous macro/microplastic budgets estimates for the entire Atlantic1 or global Ocean2,3,4. Our findings suggest that nanoplastics are the most important part of ocean plastic pollution.