bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trait strengthening in mussels.xlsx
Authors: Seuront Laurent , Nicastro Katy , McQuaid Christopher Finn , Zardi Gerardo
Published: September 2020

Plastic pollution is
ubiquitous with increasing recognition of its direct effects on species’
fitness. Little is known, however, about its more subtle effects, including the
influence of plastic pollution on the morphological, functional and behavioural
traits of organisms that are central to their ability to withstand
disturbances. Among the least obvious but most pernicious forms of
plastic-associated pollution are the chemicals that leach from microplastics.
Here, we investigate how such leachates influence species’ traits by assessing
functional trait compensation across four species of intertidal mussels,
through investigations of byssal thread production, movement and aggregation
behaviour for mussels held in natural seawater or seawater contaminated by
microplastic leachates.

Seuront, L.,
Nicastro, K.R., McQuaid, C.D. and Zardi, G.I., Microplastic leachates induce
species‐specific trait strengthening in intertidal mussels. Ecological Applications, p.e2222. https://0-doi.org.wam.seals.ac.za/10.1002/eap.2222

Seuront, Laurent; Nicastro,
Katy; McQuaid, Christopher; Zardi, Gerardo (2020), Trait strengthening in
mussels, v2, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.905qftthq
Investigating the effect of corporate governance on audit quality and its impact on investment efficiency
Authors: Shehata Mohamed Kasim Soliman Walid
Published: September 2020

There is an academic discussion about investment efficiency, regarding its determinants and effects. Corporate Governance (CG) and Audit Quality (AQ) are determinants of investment efficiency The main objective of the article is to investigate the effect of CG and AQ on investment efficiency, this objective is divided into sub-objectives: to investigate the direct effect of CG on AQ, AQ on investment efficiency, and CG on investment efficiency. Moreover, the indirect effect of CG on investment efficiency through AQ as a mediator variable. This paper focuses on non-financial listed firms in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX), especially firms recorded in EGX 100 for four years’ period (2013–2018), for 103 firms and 412 completed observations. The researcher uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS software. The paper shows evidence that management that has good CG mechanisms obtains a suitable atmosphere to prepare transparent financial statements, which helps enhance the auditor’s role and improve AQ. Improving AQ lowering IA, which increases the trust of investors in management decisions, this leads to reduce pressure on management and improve efficiency of investment decisions. Having good CG mechanisms provides management with a good atmosphere to make right investment decisions, and having good CG mechanisms increases AQ, which helps management to have a good environment to make investment decisions with higher efficiency, or in other words, there is a significant and positive effect of integration between CG and AQ on investment efficiency.
Stock returns are not always from the same distribution: Evidence from the Great Recession
Authors: A. Michail Nektarios , Magidou Marina
Published: September 2020

Portfolio allocation strategies, and notably the mean-variance approach, use past returns to assign optimal weights. Even though both past and expected returns should come from the same distribution, a formal test of whether this holds in practice has not been conducted yet. Thus, the study examines if the daily returns of 242 companies with continuous trading in the S&P index come from the same distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramér-Von Mises, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The tests suggest that generally stock returns do come from the same distribution. However, the hypothesis is rejected during the Great Recession, with the rejection rate increasing as the forecast horizon increased. The rejection rate, using an array of macroeconomic variables, is found to record high levels of persistence. Although macroeconomic variables were not found to be statistically significant determinants of the rejection rate, market distress has a small but significant effect.
Natural Products as Anti-Cancerous Therapeutic Molecules Targeted towards Topoisomerases
Authors: Singh Swati , Pandey Veda P. , Yadav Kusum , Yadav Anurag , Dwivedi U. N.
Published: September 2020

:

Topoisomerases are reported to resolve the topological problems of DNA during several
cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromatin remodeling.
Two types of topoisomerases (Topo I and II) accomplish their designated tasks by introducing
single- or double-strand breaks within the duplex DNA molecules, and thus maintain the proper
structural conditions of DNA to release the topological torsions, which is generated by unwinding
of DNA to access coded information, in the course of replication, transcription, and other processes.
Both the topoisomerases have been looked at as crucial targets against various types of cancers
such as lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers. Conceptually, targeting topoisomerases will
disrupt both DNA replication and transcription, thereby leading to inhibition of cell division and
consequently stopping the growth of actively dividing cancerous cells. Since the discovery of camptothecin
(an alkaloid) as an inhibitor of Topo I in 1958, a number of derivatives of camptothecin
were developed as potent inhibitors of Topo I. Two such derivatives of camptothecin, namely,
topotecan and irinotecan, have been commonly used as US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
approved drugs against Topo I. Similarly, the first Topo II inhibitor, namely, etoposide, an analogue
of podophyllotoxin, was developed in 1966 and got FDA approval as an anti-cancer drug in
1983. Subsequently, several other inhibitors of Topo II, such as doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and
teniposide, were developed. These drugs have been reported to cause accumulation of cytotoxic
non-reversible DNA double-strand breaks (cleavable complex). Thus, the present review describes
the anticancer potential of plant-derived secondary metabolites belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids
and terpenoids directed against topoisomerases. Furthermore, in view of the recent advances made
in the field of computer-aided drug design, the present review also discusses the use of computational
approaches such as ADMET, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and QSAR to
assess and predict the safety, efficacy, potency and identification of these potent anti-cancerous
therapeutic molecules.
A Heuristic Approach to Crime Prediction based on Generalization of Crime Categories
Authors: Hajela Gaurav , Chawla Meenu , Rasool Akhtar
Published: September 2020

Background:

As crime rates are increasing all over the world, many methods for crime
prediction based on data mining have been proposed in the past. Crime prediction finds application
in areas like predictive policing, Hotspot evaluation and geographic profiling. It has been observed
in the past that crime is closely related to geographical location, time, weather conditions and day
of the week.

Objective:

Thus, to tackle crime events, a proactive policing approach can be developed using
crime prediction. The main objective of this study is to provide a heuristic approach to crime prediction.

Method:

In this work, a crime prediction approach is proposed which utilizes a crime history dataset
which contains multiple categories of crime. And a heuristic approach based on the generalization
of crime categories is proposed. A spatiotemporal crime prediction technique based on machine
learning techniques is proposed. State-of-the-art classification approaches along with ensemble
learning approach are used for prediction.

Results:

The performance of the proposed model is compared using state-of-the-art classification
techniques without a heuristic approach and with a heuristic approach, and it is found that the model
with heuristics achieves better accuracy.

Conclusion:

Crime events dataset can be utilized to predict future crime events in an area because
crime shows geographical patterns. These spatial patterns might vary with the category of crime
and it is challenging to deal with lots of crime categories. Thus, a generalization based approach
can be a vital asset in crime prediction.
Duality in two west african literary genres: achebe’s a man of the people and soyinka’s the lion and the jewel
Authors: Bazimaziki Gabriel
Published: September 2020

Literature is a dual discipline as it deals with human beings and their environment at monist and dualist levels. Duality in literature in this respect arouses considerable interest here. It is explored in West African writings with a particular focus on Achebe’s A Man of the People and Soyinka’s The Lion and the Jewel. Both authors’ use of duality for each is examined by attempting to measure the two literary works’ main characters and the leading themes. Achebe’s Chief Nanga and his antagonist, Odili, are compared to Soyinka’s Baroka and his rival Lakunle.  Sidi the center of the conflict in Soyinka’s play is measured to Achebe’s Edna. Both writers’ works are examined under the plane of the conflict of generations. The two literary works exhibit the themes of tradition versus modernity depicted through their characters. The analysis revealed that a character in one genre may be different from or similar to another’s story character from a similar or different setting.
Social-agency-embedded Forms of Collective-value Production: Network Modes of Organizing
Authors: Ulhøi John P.
Published: September 2020

Collective-value production theory is combined with trust theory and the theory of social exchange to explain why network organizations evolve and how they differ in terms of driving forces and key characteristics. The examples are based on field material collected in an egalitarian and team-oriented Scandinavian context. The ability to connect to strategically important clusters of networks is a critical managerial skill. Managers must recognize that the relationships between the different actors in a network are multiplex and dynamic. From a managerial point of view, this also calls for other skills than traditional administrative and managerial skills, e.g. social skills.
How Time Brings Together “I” and “We”: A Theory of Identification Through Memory
Authors: Ekmekci Ozgur , Casey Andrea
Published: September 2020

Drawing on social identity theory, we suggest a cognitive model of organizational identification grounded in memory. We argue that organizational identification takes place in working memory and that this process may be subject to influences such as frequency of interaction with other members of the organization; frequency of information received about the information; the primacy effect; and the recency effect. We encourage scholars to investigate organizational identification over time.
Dimensions Affecting Diversity Management : A Research Study Of Organizational Managers In IT And Non IT MNC's Of Bangalore
Authors: Kapur Namrata , Janakiram B.
Published: September 2020

The greatest challenge of the 21st century for multinational organizations is the effective management of its diverse workforce. Demographic changes in workforce composition and customers combined with multicultural workplace congregations have made India to rank in the top globalized markets .This necessitates the increasing amount of diversity the Indian organizations must manage, both internally and externally. This is a descriptive and quantitative research carried out in the IT and non IT companies of India to study the various dimensions of diversity and how the various dimensions viz. Gender, Age, marital status , Education, department, experience, grade level and ethnicity affect the diversity environment in organizations.. A stratified random sampling technique was employed in the present research and the study population consisted of indigenous organizational managers mostly from MNC IT and non IT who engage in leading and managing diverse teams in India .and the results were interpreted using SPSS statistical techniques. The findings highlight that whilst Age, marital status, position, ethnicity and experience have significant correlation with Diversity orientation the gender Education, department, and grade have minimal. Furthermore, it was found that out of the 7 parameters measuring the diversity orientation the Diversity strength, diversity initiatives and diversity popularization were considered as the significant parameters being influenced by these above dimensions while diversity vision and it's business advantage was considered of minimal significance. The gender (Male/Female), Department (IT/non IT),Educational level(Engineer/non Engineer),Position (Manager/ Lead)were greatest common influencers and key dimensions of diversity.
An Investigation On Organizational Viewpoint Contrasting In The Expansion Of New Creation And Operational Refinement
Authors: Shrivastava Ajit , Subramani Vivek
Published: September 2020

This paper analyses the relationship between the factors of the organizational segments and their product evolution procedure (PEP). The investigation is carried out in a functionally structured company in which some improvements activities were executed. People from different departments such as engineering, manufacturing and marketing were interviewed. It was found that the perception of improvement is influenced by the respondent's department of origin. The positions held by these individuals in product evolution can better describe his/her own perception about process improvement.
Business Ethics in India And Abroad: An Overview
Authors: Singh L. P.
Published: September 2020

Recent Years have witnessed a sea change in the very approach to corporate governance. Modern corporate governors do not view ‘maximisation of shareholders’ value’ as the sole mission of corporate management. Safeguarding and protecting the interests of the cross-sections of the society has come to occupy the ‘central stage’ of corporate planning today. This ‘new-found corporate philosophy’ is popularly referred to as Business Ethics in management jargon. Of late, the coverage and scope of business ethics have started expanding by leaps and bounds. Corporate practices the world over amply bear out today that the contours of business ethics are no longer confined to an abstract do’s and don’ts for business but represent a set of fundamental beliefs about the same. Observance of corporate ethics has become a global phenomenon with the US emerging as world leader. Other (developed) countries, however, do not lag far behind. Modest attempts have also been made in our country. We do have a host of socially responsible corporate: Tata group of industries providing the beacon light. Yet, we have a long way to go, particularly from the viewpoint of protecting the interests of the consumers, who are badly unorganised even today.
Understanding Academic Creativity: An Application Of “Flow” Concept In Spiritual Perspective
Authors: Panja Soma
Published: September 2020

In general sense academic output is measured in terms of grades obtained by students taking a particular course or with the level of understanding generated while undergoing the course. The output in terms of A grades is quite easy to comprehend, although, holds little value, the deeper understanding of the course holds much merit, although, it’s very difficult to comprehend. It is seldom reckoned how creatively a particular course is conceived, designed, delivered and helped to serve the academic fraternity. We try to demonstrate our understanding in all the spheres of our life, in action oriented thoughts, in perception about events, in interaction with the environmental stimulus. We sometime get bored with the mundane routine activities, but, sometimes quite get involved and absorbed in the process. Why particular tasks become mundane to somebody, while it absorbs somebody? Is it creative stimulus? Is it environment stimulus? Is it the personality traits? Is it the subject itself? Being creative in one’s profession often holds its objective treatment to the concept of creativity which is understood to be an expression of the individual talent in a form which is not controlled by the individual itself; rather it is understood to be performed by somebody who is beyond the individual. It may sound little bit tiring and confusing to understand that “being absent” is basically “being present” in a form where the expression of inner understanding happens when one allows the “Flow”. The concept of “Flow” as proposed by Csikszentmihalyi is understood in a perspective where the optimal experience of an individual towards the context of intrinsic motivation and positive experience (Nakamura and Csikszentmihalyi, 2002) is influenced by the individual interaction of person and the environment. “Flow” is also influenced by certain characteristics of motivation, happiness, satisfaction, strength and positive emotions involved in the process where the “Flow” of an individual is enhanced and not obstructed by certain forces (Csikszentmihalyi and LeFevre, 1989). The study setting involves academicians from a top level Institute of National Importance engaged in different Engineering, Social Science and Management streams to understand the “Flow”. Primarily observation method along with semi structured questions is employed to understand the responses of the individual, where the responses were allowed to express itself without any obstruction. Responses were gathered in an informal setting so that the respondents may not become aware and try to be politically correct. The findings can be effectively used to design policy intervention at an individual level to cull out the creative genius from a person.
NRLM Programme: Progress Of Women Entrepreneurs With Special Reference To Varanasi District
Authors: Khan Sofia
Published: September 2020

A lot of research has been carried out and are being carried out for the growth and development of women in India. In light of this, the present research paper tries to study the progress of the Women Self Help Groups (WSHGs) under National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) in Varanasi district. This research paper has been divided into seven sections: the first section outlays the introduction. The second section deals with the brief literature review. The third section explains the detailed research methodology adopted to carry out the study and deals with the objective of the research paper which is to study the progress of women entrepreneurs under NRLM in Varanasi. The study is descriptive in nature and purely based on secondary data obtained from DRDA of Varanasi, which examine the progress of the WSHGs under NRLM programme of the government in Varanasi. The fourth section presents the findings of the research attempted for the study. The fifth section deals with the concluding remarks and would enlighten us to understand the reality of the initiative. The sixth section and seventh section tries to highlights the recommendations/suggestions and limitations of the study respectively.
Фундаментальный анализ сингулярных и резонансных явлений в колебательных полиадах молекулы дифторсилилена
Authors: Краснощеков С.В. , Добролюбов Е.О. , Чан Сюаньхао
Published: September 2020

The singular structure of the lower vibrational states of the difluorosilylene molecule (up to four quanta of total excitation) was studied by expanding the energies of each state in the series of high-order Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory and analyzing their implicit multivalued properties using the fourth degree Padé-Hermite approximants. The quartic potential energy surface in dimensionless normal coordinates was calculated quantum-mechanically at the MP2/cc-pVTZ level. It is shown that one of the values of multivalued approximants reproduces the variational solution with high accuracy, while other values, starting from the fourth polyad, in many cases coincide with the energies of other states of the polyad. The Fermi and Darling-Dennison resonances are analyzed on the basis of the coincidence of the singular complex branch points of the approximants for interacting states inside or near a circle of unit radius on the complex plane. It was found that a pair of states can have several coinciding branch points of solutions, including those inside the unit circle. It is concluded that this approach is an effective method for determining the polyad structure of vibrational states. The calculation parameters are selected, which are necessary for the reproducibility of key results. The calculations were carried out using a software package in the Fortran language using a package of arithmetic calculations with a long mantissa of real numbers (200 digits).
Магнитоиндуцированные переходы в спектральной окрестности D-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--линии атомов Cs: гигантский рост вероятностей переходов и различное асимптотическое поведение в растущем поперечном магнитном поле
Authors: Саргсян А. , Тоноян А. , Вартанян Т.А. , Саркисян Д.
Published: September 2020

Two types of magnetically induced transitions (MI transitions) in cesium atoms have been studied experimentally and theoretically. In the absence of a magnetic field MI, transitions are forbidden. As the magnetic field increases, the probabilities of MI transitions grow rapidly and can exceed the probabilities of transitions allowed in the absence of a magnetic field. The asymptotic behavior of the probabilities of MI transitions in strong magnetic fields is different. In the case of magnetically-induced transitions of the first type (MI1), with an increase in the applied magnetic field, the probability of these transitions increases enormously, and with a further increase in the magnetic field, the probabilities of these transitions tend to a constant value. In the case of magnetically induced transitions of the second type (MI2), with an increase in the applied magnetic field, there is also a giant increase in the probability of these transitions; however, with a further increase in the field, the probabilities of these transitions again tend to zero. It is shown that measuring the second derivative (SD) of the absorption spectra of Cs vapors enclosed in a nanocell with a thickness of L = 426 nm, corresponding to half the wavelength of the D2 line of cesium λ = 852 nm, allows one to perform Doppler-free spectroscopy. The small width of atomic lines and the linearity of the SD signal response in accordance with the transition probabilities make it possible to study individual atomic transitions in an external transverse magnetic field with an inductance of 0.5 to 5.3 kG. In particular, four MI transitions were investigated: two MI1 and two MI2. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results
Фотофизические процессы в молекулах галогенпроизводных флуоресцеина в анионных обратных мицеллах
Authors: Волкова О.И. , Кулешова А.А. , Корватовский Б.Н. , Салецкий А.М.
Published: September 2020

Studies of photophysical processes in aqueous micellar solutions of halogen derivatives of fluorescein: Eosin( E), Erythrosin (ER) and Bengal Rose (BR) by methods of dynamic light scattering, stationary and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were carried out. It was found that the introduction of dye molecules into reverse AOT micelles causes an increase in their hydrodynamic radii Rh.
The time-resolved fluorescence of the studied dye molecules in reverse micelles was measured. A decrease in the average time of the excited state with an increase in Rh for E, ER, and BR was found, which is associated with an increase in the mobility of water molecules and a decrease in the effect of geometric restriction of dye molecules.
The degrees of anisotropy of the fluorescence r of dye molecules in reverse micelles were measured. It was shown that in micellar systems r is greater than in aqueous solutions and decreases with increasing Rh. The rotational correlation time for the studied dye molecules in micellar systems is determined, which decreases for all the studied dyes with an increase in Rh, indicating a decrease in the microviscosity of the confined aqueous medium inside the micelle. In this case , i.e., the value of the time of the rotational correlation is affected by the "heavy atom effect".
Однонаправленные одноцикловые и субцикловые импульсы
Authors: Со И.А. , Плаченов А.Б. , Киселев А.П.
Published: September 2020

We introduce a simple exact solution of the wave equation in free space. It describes unidirectional finite-energy single-cycle and sub-cycle pulses. Depending on the ratio of its free parameters, the solution can yield, in particular, pancake, ball and needle pulses.
Структура, генерационные характеристики и фотостабильность новых гетерил-кумаринов
Authors: Ануфрик С.С. , Анучин С.Н. , Тарковский В.В.
Published: September 2020

The effect of the structure of a number of new laser media based on heteryl-coumarins on their spectral and lasing characteristics is studied under conditions of coherent nanosecond and microsecond lamp pumping. The effect of triazole, oxadiazole, and thiazole heterocycles in the structure of coumarin molecules on the spectral, lasing, and photochemical properties of their ethanol solutions has been studied. The analysis of the influence of heteroatoms, heterocyclic radicals, and an aryl fragment in the conjugation chain on the electron density distribution in the structure of coumarin molecules is carried out. It was shown, that triazole and oxadiazole heterocycles provide better lasing ability and photostability of the compounds under study, which made it possible to create new laser media generating radiation in the spectral range 490-560 nm with a sufficiently high efficiency.
Селективное возбуждение и создание инверсной населенности в квантовых системах с помощью униполярных аттосекундных и терагерцовых импульсов
Authors: Архипов Р.М. , Архипов М.В. , Пахомов А.В. , Жукова М.О. , Цыпкин А.Н. , Розанов Н.Н.
Published: September 2020

The possibility of selective population of the energy levels of quantum systems was studied using
a single unipolar subcycle pulse and a pair of pulses. Selective population of
quantum levels is clearly illustrated based on the numerical solution of the system of equations
for the density matrix of a three-level medium interacting with a pair of subcycle attosecond and
terahertz pulses. The possibility of creating an population inversion in a three-level medium is shown
using a pair of such pulses. The dynamics of population density gratings in a three-level medium is studied at the impact on the system of a pair of large-amplitude Gaussian pulses. If in a weak field the shape of the gratings is harmonic, according to analytical calculations performed according to perturbation theory, then in in the case of a strong field, the spatial profile of the gratings can differ from the sinusoidal one and has complex spike structure.
Влияние концентрации фосфатов на спектральные свойства ионов тулия во фторфосфатных стеклах
Authors: Колобкова E.B. , Алхлеф А. , Ясюкевич A.C.
Published: September 2020

The Jadd-Ofelt parameters for thulium ions in fluorophosphate glasses with
different phosphate content are calculated. The proximity of the values of the
parameters Ωt of glasses with a content of up to 10 mol% Ba(PO3)2 to the similar
parameters of the fluoride glasses and a sharp increase in their values with a further
increase in phosphates are shown. In the framework of the Jadd-Ofelt theory, the
spectral-luminescent parameters of glasses are analyzed. The spontaneous
transitions probabilities, branching coefficients (β), and radiation lifetimes (τrad) for
various excited states of Tm3+ ions are obtained. It was found that, at low
phosphate concentrations, glasses have a high radiation lifetime for the excited 3F4
laser level. It has been shown that the glasses with a content of up to 10 mol%
Ba(PO3)2 are characterized by a wide flat gain spectrum, which makes them
promising materials for creating broadband amplifiers.
Влияние адсорбированных атомов металлов на поглощение света поверхностью кварца
Authors: Леонов Н.Б.
Published: September 2020

The optical properties of submonolayer metal films - silver, gold, indium - obtained by laser ablation on the surface of fused silica are studied. Extinction and absorption spectra of quartz, substrates with deposited films, as well as difference spectra are obtained. The minimum values ​​of the effective thicknesses of metal films at which the nucleation of islands begins and localized plasmon resonances appear. It is shown that the absorption of the "quartz substrate-metal film" complex exceeds the sum of the absorptions by the quartz surface and by the metal atoms. The connection of this phenomenon with the transfer of charge from the metal to defects on the substrate surface is indicated.
Изменение характеристик переизлучающих волокон Y-11 и O-2 под действием гамма облучения
Authors: Афанасьев А.Ю. , Бояринцев А.Ю. , Голутвин И.А. , Ибрагимова Э.М. , Малахов А.И. , Небесный А.Ф. , Нуритдинов И. , Смирнов В.А. , Ташметов М.Ю. , Юлдашев Б.С. , Эсанов З.У.
Published: September 2020

The effect of 60Co gamma radiation on the intensity of the reemitted light at the exit from WLS-fibers of Y-11 M and O-2 M type WLS fibers and the subsequent restoration of the characteristics of irradiated fibers after exposure to room temperature are investigated. Irradiation of a low dose rate (0.048 Mrad / h) to a dose of 1 Mrad leads to a slight decrease in the intensity of the reemitted light at the exit of both types of fibers, and with a further increase in the dose, the curve does not change. When irradiated with a dose rate of 0.158 Mrad / h, the characteristics of both types of fibers deteriorate significantly. When the irradiated samples are held at room temperature, fiber characteristics are restored.
Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wolffsohn James S , Leteneux-Pantais Claudia , Chiva-Razavi Sima , Bentley Sarah , Johnson Chloe , Findley Amy , Tolley Chloe , Arbuckle Rob , Kommineni Jyothi , Tyagi Nishith
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Presbyopia is defined as the age-related deterioration of near vision over time which is experienced in over 80% of people aged 40 years or older. Individuals with presbyopia have difficulty with tasks that rely on near vision. It is not currently possible to stop or reverse the aging process that causes presbyopia; generally, it is corrected with glasses, contact lenses, surgery, or the use of a magnifying glass.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore how individuals used social media to describe their experience of presbyopia with regard to the symptoms experienced and the impacts of presbyopia on their quality of life.

METHODS

Social media sources including Twitter, forums, blogs, and news outlets were searched using a predefined search string relating to symptoms and impacts of presbyopia. The data that were downloaded, based on the keywords, underwent manual review to identify relevant data points. Relevant posts were further manually analyzed through a process of data tagging, categorization, and clustering. Key themes relating to symptoms, impacts, treatment, and lived experiences were identified.

RESULTS

A total of 4456 social media posts related to presbyopia were identified between May 2017 and August 2017. Using a random sampling methodology, we selected 2229 (50.0%) posts for manual review, with 1470 (65.9%) of these 2229 posts identified as relevant to the study objectives. Twitter was the most commonly used channel for discussions on presbyopia compared to forums and blogs. The majority of relevant posts originated in Spain (559/1470, 38.0%) and the United States (426/1470, 29.0%). Of the relevant posts, 270/1470 (18.4%) were categorized as posts written by individuals who have presbyopia, of which 37 of the 270 posts (13.7%) discussed symptoms. On social media, individuals with presbyopia most frequently reported experiencing difficulty reading small print (24/37, 64.9%), difficulty focusing on near objects (15/37, 40.5%), eye strain (12/37, 32.4%), headaches (9/37, 24.3%), and blurred vision (8/37, 21.6%). 81 of the 270 posts (30.0%) discussed impacts of presbyopia—emotional burden (57/81, 70.4%), functional or daily living impacts (46/81, 56.8%), such as difficulty reading (46/81, 56.8%) and using electronic devices (21/81, 25.9%), and impacts on work (3/81, 3.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings from this social media listening study provided insight into how people with presbyopia discuss their condition online and highlight the impact of presbyopia on individuals’ quality of life. The social media listening methodology can be used to generate insights into the lived experience of a condition, but it is recommended that this research be combined with prospective qualitative research for added rigor and for confirmation of the relevance of the findings.
Web-Based Apps for Responding to Acute Infectious Disease Outbreaks in the Community: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Quinn Emma , Hsiao Kai Hsun , Maitland-Scott Isis , Gomez Maria , Baysari Melissa T , Najjar Zeina , Gupta Leena
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Web-based technology has dramatically improved our ability to detect communicable disease outbreaks, with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality because of swift public health action. Apps accessible through the internet and on mobile devices create an opportunity to enhance our traditional indicator-based surveillance systems, which have high specificity but issues with timeliness.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe the literature on web-based apps for indicator-based surveillance and response to acute communicable disease outbreaks in the community with regard to their design, implementation, and evaluation.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic search of the published literature across four databases (MEDLINE via OVID, Web of Science Core Collection, ProQuest Science, and Google Scholar) for peer-reviewed journal papers from January 1998 to October 2019 using a keyword search. Papers with the full text available were extracted for review, and exclusion criteria were applied to identify eligible papers.

RESULTS

Of the 6649 retrieved papers, 23 remained, describing 15 web-based apps. Apps were primarily designed to improve the early detection of disease outbreaks, targeted government settings, and comprised either complex algorithmic or statistical outbreak detection mechanisms or both. We identified a need for these apps to have more features to support secure information exchange and outbreak response actions, with a focus on outbreak verification processes and staff and resources to support app operations. Evaluation studies (6 out of 15 apps) were mostly cross-sectional, with some evidence of reduction in time to notification of outbreak; however, studies lacked user-based needs assessments and evaluation of implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

Public health officials designing new or improving existing disease outbreak web-based apps should ensure that outbreak detection is automatic and signals are verified by users, the app is easy to use, and staff and resources are available to support the operations of the app and conduct rigorous and holistic evaluations.
Tracking and Monitoring Mood Stability of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder by Machine Learning Models Using Passive Digital Data: Prospective Naturalistic Multicenter Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bai Ran , Xiao Le , Guo Yu , Zhu Xuequan , Li Nanxi , Wang Yashen , Chen Qinqin , Feng Lei , Wang Yinghua , Yu Xiangyi , Xie Haiyong , Wang Gang
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest in activities. Using smartphones and wearable devices to monitor the mental condition of patients with MDD has been examined in several studies. However, few studies have used passively collected data to monitor mood changes over time.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of monitoring mood status and stability of patients with MDD using machine learning models trained by passively collected data, including phone use data, sleep data, and step count data.

METHODS

We constructed 950 data samples representing time spans during three consecutive Patient Health Questionnaire-9 assessments. Each data sample was labeled as Steady or Mood Swing, with subgroups Steady-remission, Steady-depressed, Mood Swing-drastic, and Mood Swing-moderate based on patients’ Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores from three visits. A total of 252 features were extracted, and 4 feature selection models were applied; 6 different combinations of types of data were experimented with using 6 different machine learning models.

RESULTS

A total of 334 participants with MDD were enrolled in this study. The highest average accuracy of classification between Steady and Mood Swing was 76.67% (SD 8.47%) and that of recall was 90.44% (SD 6.93%), with features from all types of data being used. Among the 6 combinations of types of data we experimented with, the overall best combination was using call logs, sleep data, step count data, and heart rate data. The accuracies of predicting between Steady-remission and Mood Swing-drastic, Steady-remission and Mood Swing-moderate, and Steady-depressed and Mood Swing-drastic were over 80%, and the accuracy of predicting between Steady-depressed and Mood Swing-moderate and the overall Steady to Mood Swing classification accuracy were over 75%. Comparing all 6 aforementioned combinations, we found that the overall prediction accuracies between Steady-remission and Mood Swing (drastic and moderate) are better than those between Steady-depressed and Mood Swing (drastic and moderate).

CONCLUSIONS

Our proposed method could be used to monitor mood changes in patients with MDD with promising accuracy by using passively collected data, which can be used as a reference by doctors for adjusting treatment plans or for warning patients and their guardians of a relapse.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900021461; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=36173
Exploring Fever of Unknown Origin Intelligent Diagnosis Based on Clinical Data: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Huizhen , Li Yuanjie , Zeng Xuejun , Xu Na , Zhao Congpu , Zhang Jing , Zhu Weiguo
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a group of diseases with heterogeneous complex causes that are misdiagnosed or have delayed diagnoses. Previous studies have focused mainly on the statistical analysis and research of the cases. The treatments are very different for the different categories of FUO. Therefore, how to intelligently diagnose FUO into one category is worth studying.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to fuse all of the medical data together to automatically predict the categories of the causes of FUO among patients using a machine learning method, which could help doctors diagnose FUO more accurately.

METHODS

In this paper, we innovatively and manually built the FUO intelligent diagnosis (FID) model to help clinicians predict the category of the cause and improve the manual diagnostic precision. First, we classified FUO cases into four categories (infections, immune diseases, tumors, and others) according to the large numbers of different causes and treatment methods. Then, we cleaned the basic information data and clinical laboratory results and structured the electronic medical record (EMR) data using the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model. Next, we extracted the features based on the structured sample data and trained the FID model using LightGBM.

RESULTS

Experiments were based on data from 2299 desensitized cases from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. From the extensive experiments, the precision of the FID model was 81.68% for top 1 classification diagnosis and 96.17% for top 2 classification diagnosis, which were superior to the precision of the comparative method.

CONCLUSIONS

The FID model showed excellent performance in FUO diagnosis and thus would be a potentially useful tool for clinicians to enhance the precision of FUO diagnosis and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.
COVID and Small Businesses in the U.S., China, and Russia: Three Models of Government Support
Authors: Mikhailitchenko Andrey , Sun Yang , Varshney Sanjay
Published: September 2020

The impact of the world COVID crisis on small businesses was extremely destructive. Governments of different countries being aware of critical importance of small business sector to national economies and societies as a whole undertook measures aimed at SME support. While the devastating effect of COVID on small business is quite comparable across the world, the scale and efficiency of government protective measures differ a lot in various countries. In this paper we made an attempt of comparative analysis of governmental efforts to protect small business economies on the example of SMEs in three countries: the U.S., China, and Russia.
Аэродинамический высокопроизводительный распылитель жидких реагентов на основе сопла Лаваля
Authors: Клейманов Р.В. , Александров С.Е.
Published: September 2020

Авторами статьи предлагается высокопроизводительное устройство для подачи жидкого реагента в установку для химического осаждения высокочистого кварца в пламени. Подача жидкого кремнийсодержащего реагента осуществляется путем преобразования его в аэрозоль при помощи аэродинамического распылителя с плоским соплом Лаваля с внутренним телом. Разработанная конструкция позволяет достичь больших расходов жидкого реагента путем изменения сечений сопла для регулировки скорости газа-распылителя. Предложенная конструкция отличается более высокой технологичностью и простотой изменения расхода реагента в широких пределах, в отличие от распространенных коаксиальных конструкций сопел.

The authors propose a high-performance device for supplying a liquid reagent for the chemical vapor deposition of high-purity quartz. The liquid silicon-containing reagent is supplied by converting it into an aerosol using an aerodynamic nebulizer with a flat Laval nozzle incorporating an internal body. The developed design allows of achieving a high flow rate of the liquid reagent by changing the nozzle cross-sections so as to adjust the speed of the nebulizer gas. The proposed design features higher manufacturability and simple adjustment of the reagent flow rate over a wide range, as distinct from the common coaxial nozzle designs.
Public-Private Partnership in the Framework of Waste Management into Electrical Energy in Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang City
Authors: Pradana Azaria Eda , Astuti Retno Sunu , Priyadi Budi Puspo
Published: September 2020

In recent years, especially in big cities, the waste problem has begun to be addressed through a private-public cooperation scheme that is supported by technological upgrades. The purpose of this research is to analyze the public-private cooperation mechanism that involves processing waste into electrical energy at Jatibarang Landfill, Semarang, and to identify the inhibiting factors using the theory of implementation "5 right" by Riant Nugroho. This research used a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The analysis technique for obtaining data was through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that through the Public-Private Partnership scheme which is based on the principles of Public-Private Partnership, stakeholders can provide and get benefits at the same time if they can mutually align their visions and implement the scheme according to what has been determined. Also, accuracy in the implementation must be considered to be able to achieve the success of Public -Private Partnership.
Government Social Media Existence: Case Study on the Use of Twitter Regional Disaster Management Agency, Province of Yogyakarta Special Region)
Authors: Juswil Addin Khaerunnisa , Nofrima Sanny
Published: September 2020

The proper utilization of social media is crucial in terms of disaster management, especially by the government.  One of the government’s method to accelerate the dissemination of information regarding disasters is through official government’s twitter account which has proven to be more effective. This study aims to describe the efforts of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in handling crisis through a managed twitter account, namely @pusdalops_DIY.  This research uses descriptive qualitative research method which is carried out by analyzing the twitter using NVIVO 12 Plus data processing software.  The result of this study can be stated that the utilization of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) twitter account of the Special Region of Yogyakarta has been effective in disseminating informations and compatible with the main tasks also functions listed in the regional legal basis regarding the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD).  However, it still requires further digitalization in all areas of government to be more integrated and communicative in crisis management.
Local Government Initiatives and Prospects for Mango Farming Community Capital Enhancement in Guimaras Province, Philippines
Authors: Sacramento Noe John Joseph Endencio
Published: September 2020

Agricultural communities frequently encounter lack of support from various political actors. The local government units (LGUs) are responsible for initiating measures for improving community capitals towards fostering growth and development to mango farming communities. This descriptive qualitative study provides an understanding regarding the initiatives of the LGU in enhancing the community capitals in the Guimaras, Philippines mango farming community. The community capitals framework (CCF) served as a lens and guide. Semi-structured interview guides and participant observation are instrumental in data gathering from five key informants. Findings revealed that LGU provided various programs and initiatives to help enhancing the community capitals of the mango sector; thus, LGU as a political actor and development enabler has significant roles in fostering community development. Recommendations in this study are essential to the LGU further to enhance the community capitals of the mango farming sector. In gist, there is a crucial need to focus more on building social networks within the community, establish proper means for transporting the mango product, and strengthen community education on agriculture among the youth to be involved in the development of mango industry.
Criminal Sanctions against Taxpayer Who are Negligent to Register Land and Building Taxes
Authors: Parahita Made Putri Pradnya , Nahak Simon , Widia I Ketut
Published: September 2020

One of the most common problems related to land and building tax is where there are citizens who are aware of their obligation to pay taxes by registering their objects, but due to certain circumstances, the taxpayer does not register the tax object he owns. This study aims to find out the regulation of criminal sanctions against taxpayers who do not register land and building tax and to find out the criminal liability of taxpayers who do not register the object of land and building tax. This study uses normative research that starts with an indication of the obscurity of legal norms. The results of this study showed that the provision of sanctions is needed as a form of the last effort to realize the certainty of tax activities going well. Sanctions given can be in the form of administrative sanctions in the form of fines to criminal sanctions in the form of prison or confinement, which can be imposed on taxpayers and related officials. Criminal liability in the field of taxation arises when each taxpayer is indicated to have committed a tax crime. The intended taxpayer is an individual taxpayer or legal entity or corporation. Likewise, it has been regulated that starting from the taxpayer, tax officials/employees, to third parties have their respective criminal liabilities. The legal basis is Law Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures. The advice given is the need for strict rules regarding criminal sanctions against land and building tax registration.