bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ANTITUMOR PLANTS. 11. DITERPENOID AND FLAVONOID CONSTITUENTS OF BROMELIA PINGUIN L
Authors: RAFFAUF R. F. , MENACHERY M. D. , LE QUESNE P. W. , ARNOLD E. V. , CLARDY J.
Published: April 2016

Die Inhaltsstoffe (I)‐(III) werden aus der Pflanze Bromelia pinguin L. isoliert und identifiziert.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION BETWEEN OXYGEN AND TIN DISSOLVED IN LIQUID COPPER
Authors: FITZNER K.
Published: April 2016

Aus EMK‐Mes sungen an der galvanischen Festelektrolytkette Azwischen 1373 und 1473 Kfolgt, daß die Sauerstoffaktivität im flüssigen Cu durch Sn‐Zusatz absinkt (Wechse1wirkungsparameter).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTADIENYLRUTHENIUM AND ‐OSMIUM CHEMISTRY. PART 11. REACTIONS AND STRUCTURES OF CHLORO(η‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RUTHENIUM AND ITS TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE ANALOG
Authors: BRUCE M. I. , WONG F. S. , SKELTON B. W. , WHITE A. H.
Published: April 2016

Die Molekülund Kristallstrukturen des Titelkomplexes (Ia) (Raumgruppe Pl, Z=2) sowie seines durch Substitutionsreaktion in Petrolether gebildeten Trimethylphosphin‐Analogen (Ib) (Raumgruppe Pbca, Z=16) werden mittels Einkristall‐Röntgendiffraktionsmessungen bei 295 K bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAROGRAPHIC AND VOLTAMMETRIC REDUCTION OF SOME ALIPHATIC α‐BROMOESTERS
Authors: INESI A. , RAMPAZZO L. , ZEPPA A.
Published: April 2016

Die Reduktion der Ester CH3CHBrCO2Et (I), CH3CH2CHBrCO2Et und (CH3)2CBrCO2Et ′ wurde untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOTRANSFORMATIONS OF 1,5‐DIBENZIMIDAZOLYLFORMAZANS IN THE PRESENCE OF METHANE TETRAHALIDES
Authors: LIPUNOVA G. N. , YALANDINA A. I. , EL'TSOV A. V. , BEDNYAGINA N. P.
Published: April 2016

Bei Bestrahlungen von Lösungen der Formazane (I) und CCl4 entstehen die Salze (II) (VIS‐Spektren); analoge Salzbildung beobachtet man bei Ersatz des CCl4 durch CBr4.
ChemInform Abstract: THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF SOME DEUTERIUM LABELED PENTAKETIDE DERIVATIVES OF ORSELLINIC ACID
Authors: BARBER J. , STAUNTON J.
Published: April 2016

Der Aldehyd (Ia) (Darstellung beschrieben) wird in die Reduktionsprodukte (Ib) [mit LiAlH4 (IVa)] bzw. (Ic) [mit LiAlD4 (IVb)] und weiter durch deren katalytische Hydrierung in (Id) bzw. (Ie) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSFORMATIONS OF POLYCYCLIC KETONES. XX. ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF 3‐AMINOPHENALENONE
Authors: SOLODAR' S. L. , KOCHKIN V. A.
Published: April 2016

Sowohl bei der Bromierung als auch bei der Nitrierung der Titelverbindung (I) oder ihrer Reaktion mit p‐Methylbenzoldiazoniumchlorid entstehen 2‐Substitutionsprodukte (II), (IV) und (V), die sich wie (II) zu Naphtfhalsäureanhydrid (III) oxidieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW ROUTE TO VITISPIRANES
Authors: KATO T. , KONDO H.
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend vom Dehydroionon (I) wird durch Photooxidation das cis‐Diol (II) erhalten, das zum Trienketon (III) dehydratisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 1,8,19,26‐TETRAOXA(8.8)(2,6)NAPHTHALENOPHANE‐3,5,21,23‐TETRAYNE AND RELATED DONUT‐SHAPED CYCLOPHANES
Authors: WHITLOCK B. J. , JARVI E. T. , WHITLOCK H. W.
Published: April 2016

2,6‐Dihydroxy‐naph‐ thalin (Ia) liefert den Di‐propargylether (Ib), der zu (Ic) hydriert und dann zu (IIa) formyliert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF PHENACETIN AND RELATED AMIDES TO THEIR HYDROXAMIC ACIDS. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE DIOXOMOLYBDENUM(VI) HYDROXAMATES DERIVED FROM PHENACETIN AND ACETANILIDE
Authors: BREWER G. A. , SINN E.
Published: April 2016

In einer Eintopfreaktion werden Phenacetin (Ia), Acetanilid (Ib) und die analogen Amide (Ic, d) über ihre nicht isolierten Trimethylsilyl‐Derivate (II) mit dem Mo(VI)‐Komplex (III) zu entsprechenden Hydroxamsäuren oxidiert, die als Hydroxamato‐Mo(VI)‐Komplexe (IV) isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ASPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PHOTOSENSITIZED ELECTRON TRANSFER ACROSS BILAYERS, CHARGE SEPARATION, AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN ANIONIC SURFACTAN VESICLES
Authors: TUNULI M. S. , FENDLER J. H.
Published: April 2016

Die photoangeregte Elektronenübertragung von dem Kation Tris‐[2,2′‐bipyridyl]‐ruthenium(II) auf Methylviologen [MV]2+ wurde in Gegenwart von negativ‐geladenen Dihexadecylphosphat (DHP)‐Tröpfchen ("surfactant vesicles") mittels stationärer Photolyse, Fluoreszenzlöschung und Laser‐Blitzphotolyse untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: A MILD PROCEDURE FOR THE REGIOSPECIFIC BENZYLATION AND ALLYLATION OF POLYHYDROXY‐COMPOUNDS VIA THEIR STANNYLENE DERIVATIVES IN NONPOLAR SOLVENTS
Authors: DAVID S. , THIEFFRY A. , VEYRIERES A.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktion von Benzyl‐(IIa) bzw. Allylbromid (IIb) mit dem Stannylenderivat des Galactosids (I) zu den Produkten (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb), die normalerweise in siedendem Benzol nur mit geringer Geschwindigkeit erfolgt, wird in Gegenwart quartärer Ammoniumhalogenide wesentlich beschleunigt.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTUR VON BA3SMRU2O9. BA3SMIRRUO9 UND BA2INIRO6
Authors: THUMM I. , TREIBER U. , KEMMLER‐SACK S.
Published: April 2016

Die im hexagonalen BaTiO3‐Typ (Sequenz (hcc),) kristallisierenden Titel‐Perowskite unterscheiden sich in der Besetzungsart der Oktaederlücken.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF VINYLOGOUS ACYL CHLORIDES. XXIX. 1,5‐PENTADIENE‐OXYGEN TRANSFER OF (Z)‐2,4,5,5‐TETRACHLORO‐3‐ORGANYLTHIO‐ AND (Z,Z)‐2,3,4,5‐TETRACHLORO‐5‐ORGANYLTHIO‐2,4‐PENTADIENETHIOATES
Authors: ROEDIG A. , FLEISCHMANN K. , FRANK F. , RETTENBERGER R.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (III) bzw. (VIII) werden aus den Thioestern (I) bzw. entsprechenden Säurechloriden (VII) mit entsprechenden Na‐thiolaten wie (II) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAR SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN ADDITIONS OF ALKYL RADICALS TO ALKENES
Authors: GIESE B. , MEIXNER J.
Published: April 2016

Durch Reduktion mit NaBH4 aus Cyclohexyl‐Hg‐acetat erzeugte Cyclohexylradikale addieren sich an Olefine wie z.B. (I) und ergeben nach H‐Einfang die Addukte (II).
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐AMMONIA REDUCTION. EFFECT OF METHYL SUBSTITUENTS AND A QUESTION CONCERNING PROTONATION SITES IN DIANIONS
Authors: RABIDEAU P. W. , PETERS N. K. , HUSER D. L.
Published: April 2016

Die Reduktion der 1‐ (I) und 2‐Methyl‐Naphthaline (III) nach Birch ergibt die Reduktionsprodukte (II) bzw. (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROACRIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 21. SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(2‐THIENYL)HYDROQUINOLINES AND 2,7‐DITHIAHYDROACRIDINES
Authors: ZABOLOTNOVA T. V. , KAMINSKII V. A. , TILICHENKO M. N.
Published: April 2016

Die Diketone (I) und (VI) reagieren mit primären Aminen (II) unter Bildung von 1,4‐Dihydropyridin‐Derivaten (III) und (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: N7‐ALKYLATION AND RING‐TRANSFORMATION OF N6‐ACYL‐9‐SUBSTITUTED ADENINES
Authors: MAKI Y. , SUZUKI M. , KAMEYAMA K. , KAWAI M. , SUZUKI M. , SAKO M.
Published: April 2016

Die Adeninderivate (I) werden mit Methyliodid (II) in die Salze (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW CATALYST FOR THE HYDROGENOLYTIC REMOVAL OF BENZYL TYPE PROTECTIVE GROUPS FROM PEPTIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: LOSSE G. , STIEHL H.‐U.
Published: April 2016

Mit ‐ gegenüber herkömmlichen Edelmetallkatalysatoren billigeren ‐ Co‐Komplexen des Typs [CoX5]3′, z.B. (II), lassen sich hydrogenolytisch vorteilhaft Schutzgruppen vom Benzyltyp aus Aminosäuren und Peptiden abspalten [Beispiele (I)‐(III) bzw. (IV)‐(IIIa)].
ChemInform Abstract: TL2SN2S5, A THALLIUM(I) THIOSTANNATE(IV) WITH FIVEFOLD COORDINATED TIN
Authors: EULENBERGER G.
Published: April 2016

Tl2Sn2S5, erhalten durch Zusammenschmelzen der Elemente und anschließendes Tempern bei 300°C, kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe C2/c mit Z=4.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIS‐BRIDGED (2.2.2)CYCLOPHANES WITH A TRIPHENYLMETHYL COMPONENT
Authors: NAKAZAKI M. , YAMAMOTO K. , TOYA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Arbeit ist ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung von Reaktivität und Radikalstabilität bei Triphenylrnethanderivaten.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT AMINATION OF ANTHRAQUINONE IN BASIC SOLVENTS
Authors: MITA K. , YAMAGISHI T. , HIDA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung von Anthra‐ chinon (I) mit n‐Butylamin (II) in basischen Lösungsmitteln in Gegenwart von [RhCl(PPh3)2]2 und Sauerstoff zu den substituierten Anthrachinonen (III) und (IV) wird eingehend untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KETENEDITHIOACETALS AS SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES. A VERSATILE SYNTHESIS OF PYRIDENES, POLYPYRIDINYLS, AND PYRYLIUM SALTS
Authors: POTTS K. T. , CIPULLO M. J. , RALLI P. , THEODORIDIS G.
Published: April 2016

Durch Cyclisierung der Ketendithioacetale (I) mit den Arylmethylketonen (II) (als K‐Salze) werden über die in situ gebildeten Endione durch Kochen mit NH4OAc in Eisessig die 4‐Methylthiopyridine (III) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES BY ANNULATION OF PYRIDINES
Authors: GHERA E. , BEN DAVID Y. , RAPOPORT H.
Published: April 2016

2,3‐Dimethyl‐pyridin (Ia) liefert nach Metallierung das Sulfid (Ib); über eine Bromierung entsteht das 3‐Brommethyl‐Derivat (IIa), das zu (IIb) mit Diphenyldisulfid substituiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 2S‐DIOXO ISOSTERS OF N‐METHYLATED ISOGUANINES
Authors: GOYA P. , OCHOA C. , STUD M.
Published: April 2016

Das Methylaminoderivat (Ia) wird mit Ameisensäure und Essigsäureanhydrid zum Amid (Ib) formyliert, dessen Reduktion bei anschließender Thermolyse zum Heterocyclus (II) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: MACROTRICYCLIC QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS: ENZYME ANALOG ACTIVITY. 3
Authors: SCHMIDTCHEN F. P.
Published: April 2016

Der katalytische Einfluß der tricyclischen Ammoniumsalze (I) auf die Umsetzung von Dinitrofluorbenzol mit Azidionen sowie auf den unimolekularen Zerfall von erythro‐2,3‐Dibrom‐3‐phenylpropionat zu β‐Bromstyrolen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC STUDIES AND A MOLECULAR ORBITAL INTERPRETATION OF REACTIONS AT BRIDGING SULFUR LIGANDS IN DIMERIC MOLYBDENUM COMPLEXES
Authors: DUBOIS D. L. , MILLER W. K. , DUBOIS M. R.
Published: April 2016

An bereits beschriebenen Austauschreaktionen an den Brückenschwefelatomen in dimeren Cyclopentadienyl‐Mo‐Komplexen wurde die Kinetik untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TERPENES AND TERPENE DERIVATIVES. XI. SYNTHESIS AND REDUCTIONS OF β‐SANTALENONE .LTBBRAC.4‐METHYL‐1‐(2‐METHYL‐3‐METHYLENEBICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPT‐2‐YL)‐3‐PENTEN‐2‐ONE.RTBBRAC.
Authors: SIMMROSS F.‐M. , WEYERSTAHL P.
Published: April 2016

Die Synthese des β‐Santalenons (XI) aus dem Allylalkohol (V), der ausgehend von Cyclopentadien (I) zugänglich ist, und dem Dienolether (X), für den mehrere Synthesewege angegeben sind, wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF LIGATED TRIS(DIALKYLAMINO)PHOSPHINES. X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF (ME2N)3PFE(CO)4 AT 21°C AND OF ((ME2N)3P)2FE(CO)3 A ‐35°C
Authors: COWLEY A. H. , DAVIS R. E. , REMADNA K.
Published: April 2016

Mittels Einkristall‐Röntgendiffraktionsmessungen werden die Molekül‐ und Kristallstrukturen der trigonal‐bipyramidalen Titelkomplexe, in denen die Phosphin‐Liganden axiale Positionen besetzen, und die Konformationen der Liganden bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS WITH NMR DETECTION. SUBMICROSECOND TIME‐RESOLVED CIDNP: INETICS OF TRIPLET STATES AND BIRADICALS
Authors: CLOSS G. L. , MILLER R. J.
Published: April 2016

Aus der zeitabhängigen Änderung des Signals der polarisierten Benzylprotonen im Spektrum des Phenylbenzylketons wird der Wert 2.9·106/s (30°C) für den Triplett‐Zerfall des Ketons während seiner Norrish‐Typ I‐Photolyse ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: DIARYL TELLUROXIDES AS NEW MILD OXIDISING REAGENTS
Authors: LEY S. V. , MEERHOLZ C. A. , BARTON D. H. R.
Published: April 2016

Das (aus den Dihalogeniden (Ia) oder (Ib) erhältliche) Diaryl‐Te‐oxid ist ein besonders mildes und selektives Oxidationsmittel für verschiedene organische Substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDROGENATION AND HYDROGENATION OF HYDROCARBONS OVER PLATINUM‐ALUMINA CATALYSTS
Authors: KRISHNASAMI V. , MATHUR P.
Published: April 2016

Die Dehydrierung von Cyclohexan und Cyclohexen sowie die Hydrierung von Benzol, Toluol und Xylol wird an einer Reihe von Aluminiumoxid‐Katalysatoren erschiedenen Zuschlägen im Temperaturbereich von 80‐350°C untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOYLATION OF 3‐SUBSTITUTED 4‐HYDROXY‐2‐QUINOLONES AND 4‐HYDROXYCOUMARINS
Authors: STADLBAUER W. , KAPPE T.
Published: April 2016

Die 4‐Hydroxychinolone (I) kondensieren mit Benzoylchlorid zu den O‐Benzoylderivaten (II).
ChemInform Abstract: AN ORGANOCOPPER MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF (E)‐1,4‐DI‐TERT‐BUTYLBUTATRIENE
Authors: TIGCHELAAR M. , KLEIJN H. , ELSEVIER C. J. , MEIJER J. , VERMEER P.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem 3‐Brom‐1‐tert.‐butyl‐1,3‐buten‐in (I) erhält man mit tert.‐Butyl‐kupfer (II) über ein Addukt (III) das Di‐tert.‐butyl‐butatrien (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BRIDGEHEAD BICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANOLS
Authors: KOPECKY J. , SMEJKAL J. , HANUS V.
Published: April 2016

Die Carbonsäure (I) liefert nach Überführung in ihr Säurechlorid durch Umsetzung mit dem Magnesium‐Reagenz (II) und anschließende Hydrolyse das Acetylbicyclooctan (III), dessen Persäureoxidation nach Hydrolyse das Bicyclooctanol (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF 1,4A‐DIMETHYL‐4,4A,7,8‐TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE‐2(3H),5(6H)‐DIONE
Authors: COISNE J.‐M. , PECHER J. , DECLERCQ J.‐P. , GERMAIN G. , VAN MEERSSCHE M.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (III) wird durch Kondensation des Triketons (I) unter Verwendung von (S)‐Prolin (II) als asymm. Reagenz dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF KETENE ACETALS; 12. A REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF ANTHRAGALLOLS
Authors: ROBERGE G. , BRASSARD P.
Published: April 2016

Aus Tris‐(trimethylsiloxy)‐ethylen (I) und Keten erhält man über die Zwischenstufe (II) das Tetrakis‐(trimethylsiloxy)‐butadien (III), das mit 2‐Chlornaphthochinonen (IV) in einer Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion die Anthrachinon‐Derivate (V) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCONTROLLED PREPARATION OF PRECURSORS TO ALL PRIMARY PROSTAGLANDINS FROM BUTADIENE
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , CROUSE G. D.
Published: April 2016

Das ausgehend von Butadien erhältliche Bicyclononen (I) wird über die Stufen (II), (III), (IVa) und (IVb) zu der für die Gewinnung verschiedener Prostanoide geeigneten Schlüsselverbindung (Va) umgesetzt, die durch Ozonolyse [‐+ (Vb)] und nachfolgende Ketalisierung das Derivat (Vc) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. PART CLII. ESTERS OF 1‐(4,4‐BIS(4‐FLUOROPHENYL)BUTYL)‐4‐(4‐CHLORO‐3‐TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYL)‐4‐PIPERIDINOL
Authors: RAJSNER M. , DLABAC A. , PROTIVA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) wird mit den Säurechloriden (II) in die Ester (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐BIS(ARYLAMINO)‐6‐METHYLPYRIMIDINES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
Authors: GHOSH D.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Dichlorpyrimidinen (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit Arylaminen (II) die Bis‐(arylamino)‐ pyrimidine (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF POLYFLUOROORGANOTRICHLOROSILANES
Authors: HAAS A. , KOEHLER J.
Published: April 2016

Aus den durch Grignard‐Reaktion zugänglichen Olefinen (III) werden die fluorhaltigen Trichlorsilane (VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBONYL SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF CYCLOPENTADIENYLBROMODICARBONYLRUTHENIUM(II) AND (ETHYLTETRAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)BROMODICARBONYLRUTHENIUM(II). A KINETIC STUDY
Authors: TABATABAIAN K. , WHITE C.
Published: April 2016

Kinetische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Substitutionsreaktionen des n5‐Ethyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl‐dicarbonyl‐Komplexes (I) mit den entsprechenden P(III)‐Liganden zu den Produkten (II) über einen dissoziativen Mechanismus erfolgen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LACTOSE. XV. SYNTHESES OF O‐α‐ AND O‐β‐L‐FUCOPYRANOSYL‐(1 → 3)‐O‐β‐D‐GALACTOPYRANOSYL‐(1 → 4)‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSES (3′‐O‐α‐ AND 3′‐O‐β‐L‐FUCOPYRANOSYLLACTOSES)
Authors: TAKAMURA T. , CHIBA T. , TEJIMA S.
Published: April 2016

Ö O′3n Chemical Modification of Lactose.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO (.+‐.) LYSERGIC ACID
Authors: RAMAGE R. , ARMSTRONG V. W. , COULTON S.
Published: April 2016

Wittig‐Reaktion des bekannten Aldehyds (I) mit dem Phosphoran (II) liefert den Ester (IIIa), der über die Stufen (IIIb), (IIIc) und (IIId) in das Amin (IIIe) (Isolierung als Toluolsulfonat) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF β‐SILICON NITRIDE BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Authors: HIRAI T. , HAYASHI S.
Published: April 2016

Chemische Abscheidung aus einem SiCl4‐NH3‐H2‐Gasgemisch bei Temp. zwischen 1350 und 1450°C führt normalerweise zu amorphem oder α‐Si3N4.
ChemInform Abstract: FAST OXIDANTS FOR NADH AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN ASCORBIC ACID AND NADH
Authors: KITANI A. , MILLER L. L.
Published: April 2016

Bei pH 7 wird das protonierte Diamin (Ia) zum Diimin (IIa) mit einer Geschwindigkeitskonstante von 2.1°C 103 L/mol°s elektrochemisch oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTIC ADDITION OF DICHLOROACETOACETIC ESTER TO A DOUBLE BOND
Authors: ABDULKINA Z. A. , AMRIEV R. A. , VELICHKO F. K. , MYSOV E. I.
Published: April 2016

2,2‐Dichloracetessigester (IV) reagiert in Gegenwart der Katalysatoren (I)‐(III) mit 1‐Hepten (V) unter Bildung des Addukts (VI) und des Cyclisierungsprodukts (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE REACTION OF ACTIVATED AZIRIDINES WITH AMINES
Authors: BARANOV S. V. , MOCHALIN V. B.
Published: April 2016

Das Methoxycarbonylaziridin (I) reagiert mit NH3 und niederen prim. aliphatischen Aminen überwiegend unter Spaltung der Amidbindung und Bildung von Urethanen (III) und unsubstituiertem Aziridin (IV); unter der Einwirkung sonstiger Amine geht es hauptsächlich unter Ringspaltung in Ethylendiamin‐Derivate (II) über.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOASSISTED ISOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS BY PLATINUM COMPLEXES
Authors: COURTOT P. , PICHON R. , SALAUEN J.‐Y. +
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart des Platin‐Komplexes (I) erhält man aus Mischungen der 2‐Pentene (IIa) und (IIb) bei der Belichtung nach 50 h ein photostationäres 80z20‐Gemisch von (IIa) und (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF α‐OXIMINO‐α‐HALOKETONES: REACTIONS OF α‐HALOKETONES WITH ALKYL THIONITRITES
Authors: KIM Y. H. , JUNG S. H.
Published: April 2016

Aus den α‐Halogenketonen (I) entstehen mit den Alkylthionitriten (II) über die Nitrosoverbindungen (III) die α‐Oximino‐a‐halogen‐ketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HALOACRYLIC ACIDS. PART XVI. FLUORINATED 3‐DIETHYLAMINOPROPENOATES AND THEIR REACTIONS
Authors: SVOBODA J. , PALETA O. , LISKA F. , DEDEK V.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Umsetzung der fluorierten Propenoate (I) mit Diethylamin gebildeten 3‐Amino‐Derivate (II) liefern als Hydrolyseprodukte die Carbamoylacetate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SPIRO AND BICYCLIC ALIPHATIC AMINES, A NOVEL TYPE OF ANALGETICS
Authors: AVRAMOFF M.
Published: April 2016

Ethoxycyclopropanierung der cis‐Cycloolefine und cis,cis‐Cyclodiene (I) mit dem Diazoacetat (II) liefert die Ester (III), die über die freien Säuren (IV) und Säurechloride (V) in die entsprechenden Azide übergefihrt werden, die nach Curtius zu den Aminen (VI) abgebaut werden; die Verbindungen (III)‐(VI) fallen überwiegend als exo‐Isomere an.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUOROTETRACYCLOBUTACYCLOOCTATETRAENE; A PLANAR EIGHT‐MEMBERED RING SYSTEM; X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Authors: EINSTEIN F. W. B. , WILLIS A. C. , CULLEN W. R. , SOULEN R. L.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Tetrafluordiiodcyclobuten (I) erhält man das planare Cyclooctatetraen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF (TRIMETHOXYMETHYL)CYCLOPENTADIENES. FORMATION OF ADDUCTS DERIVED FROM THE 2‐SUBSTITUTED TAUTOMER
Authors: YATES P. , GUPTA I.
Published: April 2016

Das Dithioketal (I) reagiert zu einem Gemisch der tautomeren Cyclopentadiene (II) und (III), das mit Acety1endi‐ carbonsäuredimethylester (IV) nur zum Cycloaddukt (V) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DYES WITH DIBENZO(F,IJ)ISOQUINOLINE(2,3‐B)QUINAZOLINE‐5,10‐DIONE STRUCTURE
Authors: URSEANU F. , POPESCU D. , BRACACESCU D. , OLTEANU T.
Published: April 2016

Die Kondensation des Aminoanthrachinons (I) mit Nitroanthranilsäure (II) liefert das anellierte Nitrochinazolon (III), das mit Na2 Szum Aminochinazolon (IV) reduziert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐α‐METHYLDOPA AND L‐DOPA RIBOSIDES AND DERIVATIVES
Authors: CHAVIS C. , GRODENIC F. , IMBACH J.‐L.
Published: April 2016

Zur Aufklärung der Struktur‐Aktivitätsbeziehung werden Struktur‐Modifikationen an den biologisch aktiven Titelverbindungen (I) vorgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: MATRIX‐ISOLATION‐INFRARED AND LASER RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE GAS‐PHASE REACTIONS OF CHLORINE ATOMS AND OZONE
Authors: BHATIA S. C. , HALL J. H. JUN.
Published: April 2016

Unter Laborbedingungen reagieren Cl und 03 primär zu C100, Cl00 und 0ClO, wobei bei 03‐Überschuß C100 und 0ClO in nahezu äquivalenten Mengen entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINUM‐27 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF ALUMINUM(III). PART 5. SLOW HYDROLYSIS USING ALUMINUM METAL
Authors: AKITT J. W. , FARTHING A.
Published: April 2016

Die 27 Al‐NMR‐Spektren von durch Al‐Metal1‐Hydrolyse (in Gegenwart von Hg) von AlCl3‐Lösungen dargestellten Lösungen werden in Abhängigkeit von der Temp. (27 und 77°C), der Konzentration und der magnetischen Feldstärke aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORINE‐35 NMR STUDIES OF THE ION PAIRING OF THE CHLORIDE ION IN WATER AND AQUEOUS ACETONE
Authors: YUDASAKA M. , SUGAWARA T. , IWAMURA H. , FUJIYAMA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Linienbreite in den 35 C1‐NMR‐Spektren der CF‐Lösungen spiegelt recht empfindlich die Verhältnisse in der 1. Koordinationssphäre um die C1′‐Ionen wider.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON AND FLUORINE‐SPIN‐LATTICE RELAXATION IN POLYCRYSTALLINE IRON(II) HEXAFLUOROSILICATE HEXAHYDRATE
Authors: RAGER H.
Published: April 2016

Aus Messungen der 1H‐ und 19F‐Spin‐Gitter‐Relaxation im Temp.‐Bereich 130 K T 420 K bei 30 MHz (Standardimpulsmethoden) ergibt sich, daß vor allem die ungepaarten Elektronen des Fe" für diese verantwortlich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: STABILIZATION OF COLLOIDAL SILVER PRODUCED BY PYRENE‐SENSITIZED PHOTOREDUCTION OF SILVER IONS IN METHANOL
Authors: JAO T. , BEDDARD G. S. , TUNDO P. , FENDLER J. H.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Laserphotolyse von AgClO4 in methanolischen Pyren‐ oder L‐crown‐Pyren‐Lösungen wird kolloidales Ag° von beträchtlicher Stabilität gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: PENTAFLUOROPHENYLCHLORINE(III) DIFLUORIDE
Authors: OBALEYE J. A. , SAMS L. C.
Published: April 2016

Pentafluorchlorbenzol (I) reagiert bei 1 17°C mit elementarem Fluor zu Pentafluorphenylchlorid‐difluorid (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE ALLYLATION OF METHOXY‐P‐BENZOQUINONE BY TRANS‐CINNAMYLTRIMETHYLTIN. CONTROL OF REGIOCHEMISTRY OF ALLYLATION BY USE OF A LEWIS ACID AND SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐4‐METHOXYDALBERGIONE
Authors: NARUTA Y. , UNO H. , MARUYAMA K.
Published: April 2016

OEt2 and Synthesis of (i)‐4‐Methoxydalbergione.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC REACTIVITIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TRANS‐ AND CIS‐RESORCYLIDES
Authors: SASSA T. , NUKINA M. , IKEDA M.
Published: April 2016

Die Resorcylide (I) und (II) unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktivität gegen‐ über nucleophilen Agentien.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE ONE‐POT SYNTHESIS OF 1‐THIACYCLOOCTAN‐5‐ONE 1‐OXIDE
Authors: GARST M. E. , BONFIGLIO J. N.
Published: April 2016

Umsetzung von Diallylsulfid (I) mit dem Boran‐Komplex (II) ergibt die im Titel genannte Verbindung (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOLYSIS REACTION IN A SERIES OF 1,3,2‐OXAZAPHOSPHOLANES
Authors: PUDOVIK M. A. , KIBARDINA L. K. , PUDOVIK A. N.
Published: April 2016

Das 1,3,2‐Oxazaphospholanderivat (I) reagiert mit Anilinhydrochlorid (II) nur mit geringer Ausbeute in bekannter Weise zur Verbindung (III)‐, bei der Destillation des Reaktionsgemisohes erhält man das diphosphorylierte Anilin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF SELENAZOLIDIN‐4‐ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: LEVSHIN I. B. , TSURKAN A. A. , RUDZIT E. A. , NESHCHADIM G. N.
Published: April 2016

In Fortführung früherer Arbeiten wird die Kondensation von 2‐Acetyliminoselenazolidinon‐4 (I) mit einer Reihe von aromatischen Aldehyden (II) zu den 5‐Yliden‐ Verbindungen (III) weiter untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRACARBONYL DIAZAPHOSPHOLE COMPLEXES OF GROUP 6B METALS: THE ROLE OF STERIC EFFECTS
Authors: BACCOLINI G. , BUSETTO L. , FORESTI E.
Published: April 2016

Die thermische Substitution von (IIa) mit weiteren Mengen des cis‐Diaza‐ , phospholliganden L′ liefert eine cis‐trans‐2 : 3‐Mischung der Tetracarbonylkomplexe (I) mit Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: RING OPENING IN A NONBASIC MEDIUM OF 2‐METHYL‐6‐NITROBENZOTHIAZOLE AND HYDROGEN‐DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE AT THE 2‐METHYL PROMOTED BY SILVER(I)
Authors: ARESTA M. , CIMINALE F.
Published: April 2016

NMR‐spektroskopische Unter‐ Bindung und Öffnung des Thiazolringes unter Bildung des Ag(I)‐thiolats (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHOORGANIC PEPTIDE‐CONNECTING REAGENTS. PART 12. SYNTHESIS OF ARGININE CONTAINING PEPTIDES BY THE CONDENSATION REAGENT TRIS(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHOSPHINE/HEXACHLOROETHANE/1‐HYDROXYBENZOTRIAZOLE
Authors: APPEL R. , HIESTER E.
Published: April 2016

Unter Verwendung der im Titel genannten Reagenzkombination (THH) werden das Tetrapeptid (VII), eine schwierige Teilsequenz beim Aufbau des Schweine‐Proinsulin (28‐34)‐Heptapeptids, sowie die geschützten Dipeptide (VIII) (71/84/90% Ausb.) und (IX) (73‐79%) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF THE 6H‐PYRIDO(4,3‐B)CARBAZOLES. PART 8. THE SYNTHESIS OF 8‐HYDROXY‐ AND 8‐METHOXYELLIPTICINES
Authors: DOLMAN D. , SAINSUBRY M.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem 6‐Methoxy‐indolylmagnesiumbromid (I) erhält man mit dem Chlorid (II) ein Kondensationsprodukt (III), das zu (IV) N‐aminiert und substituiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DINUCLEOSIDE MONOPHOSPHATES CONTAINING 2′‐HALO‐2′‐DEOXYADENOSINES
Authors: UESUGI S. , TAKATSUKA Y. , OHTA A. , IKEHARA M.
Published: April 2016

Zur Untersuchung der Korrelation zwischen Struktur und biologischer Wirkung werden aus dem 2′‐Fluor‐desoxyadenosin (Ia) bzw. dem 2′‐Chlor‐desoxyadenosin (Ib) und den Phosphaten (II) sechs verschiedene Dinucleotidmonophosphate (III) hergestellt.
Nitration‐Oximization of Styrene Derivatives with tert‐Butyl Nitrite: Synthesis of α‐Nitrooximes
Authors: Chumnanvej Napasawan , Katrun Praewpan , Pohmakotr Manat , Reutrakul Vichai , Soorukram Darunee , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: April 2016

A highly efficient method for direct nitration‐oximization of styrene derivatives using tert‐butyl nitrite (t‐BuONO) in DMSO was developed. The present method offers a convenient and practical approach for the synthesis of α‐nitrooximes in moderate to high yields. The salient features entail mild reaction conditions, metal‐free reagent, environmentally benign solvent and simple experimental procedure.
A universal QoS scheme for web applications
Authors: Wu Hangxing , Wang Hongbing , Zhang Min
Published: April 2016

The common QoS metrics include delay, delay jitter, bandwidth guarantee, and so forth. Furthermore, the higher bandwidth requirement is also very important for some web applications, for instance, video on demand. Although QoS in networks has been well investigated during the past two decades, the existing QoS schemes usually aimed to satisfy only one QoS requirement for a particular web application. These schemes lack universality.

Efficient and Fair eXplicit Congestion control Protocol (EFXCP) can achieve good network performance while maintaining low and stable queue length, which means low delay and delay jitter. In this paper, a new universal QoS scheme, E2FXCP, was proposed by extending EFXCP. Firstly, by utilizing the type of service field in the IP header to classify web applications into different priorities, a priority‐based bandwidth allocation is implemented in E2FXCP, which can satisfy higher bandwidth requirement of some web applications. Secondly, by utilizing three bits in EFXCP header to mark different states of a web application with bandwidth guarantee requirement, E2FXCP can provide bandwidth guarantee to the web application. Simulations in Network Simulator 2 (NS2) have validated that E2FXCP is a universal QoS scheme, which can simultaneously satisfy multiple common QoS metrics for various web applications while maintaining good network performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating vegetation effects on animal demographics: the role of plant phenology and sampling bias
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Blomberg Erik J. , Sedinger James S.
Published: April 2016

Plant phenological processes produce temporal variation in the height and cover of vegetation. Key aspects of animal life cycles, such as reproduction, often coincide with the growing season and therefore may inherently covary with plant growth. When evaluating the influence of vegetation variables on demographic rates, the decision about when to measure vegetation relative to the timing of demographic events is important to avoid confounding between the demographic rate of interest and vegetation covariates. Such confounding could bias estimated effect sizes or produce results that are entirely spurious. We investigated how the timing of vegetation sampling affected the modeled relationship between vegetation structure and nest survival of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), using both simulated and observational data. We used the height of live grasses surrounding nests as an explanatory covariate, and analyzed its effect on daily nest survival. We compared results between models that included grass height measured at the time of nest fate (hatch or failure) with models where grass height was measured on a standardized date – that of predicted hatch date. Parameters linking grass height to nest survival based on measurements at nest fate produced more competitive models, but slope coefficients of grass height effects were biased high relative to truth in simulated scenarios. In contrast, measurements taken at predicted hatch date accurately predicted the influence of grass height on nest survival. Observational data produced similar results. Our results demonstrate the importance of properly considering confounding between demographic traits and plant phenology. Not doing so can produce results that are plausible, but ultimately inaccurate.
Abdominal adiposity, general obesity, and subclinical systolic dysfunction in the elderly: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Russo Cesare , Sera Fusako , Jin Zhezhen , Palmieri Vittorio , Homma Shunichi , Rundek Tatjana , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sacco Ralph L. , Di Tullio Marco R.
Published: April 2016

Aims

General obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI), and abdominal adiposity, measured as waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), are associated with heart failure and cardiovascular events. However, the relationship of general and abdominal obesity with subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is unknown. We assessed the association of general and abdominal obesity with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in a population‐based elderly cohort.

Methods and results

Participants from the Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions study underwent measurement of BMI, WC, and WHR. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed by two‐dimensional echocardiographic LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and speckle‐tracking global longitudinal strain (GLS). The study population included 729 participants (mean age 71 ± 9 years, 60% women). In multivariate analysis, higher BMI (but not WC and WHR) was associated with higher LVEF (β = 0.11, P = 0.003). Higher WC (β = 0.08, P = 0.038) and higher WHR (β = 0.15, P < 0.001) were associated with lower GLS, whereas BMI was not (P = 0.720). Compared with normal WHR, high WHR was associated with lower GLS in all BMI categories (normal, overweight, and obese), and was associated with subclinical LV dysfunction by GLS both in participants without [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.6, P = 0.020] and with general obesity (adjusted OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1–25.9, P = 0.034). WHR was incremental to BMI and risk factors in predicting LV dysfunction.

Conclusion

Abdominal adiposity was independently associated with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction by GLS in all BMI categories. BMI was not associated with LV dysfunction. Increased abdominal adiposity may be a risk factor for LV dysfunction regardless of the presence of general obesity.
Intravascular clearance of disseminating Cryptococcus neoformans in the brain can be improved by enhancing neutrophil recruitment in mice
Authors: Sun Donglei , Zhang Mingshun , Liu Gongguan , Wu Hui , Li Chang , Zhou Hong , Zhang Xiquan , Shi Meiqing
Published: April 2016

Extrapulmonary dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is one of the most critical steps in the development of meningoencephalitis. Here, we report that clearance of the disseminating C. neoformans occurs within the brain microvasculature. Interestingly, the efficiency of the intravascular clearance in the brain is reduced compared to that in the lung. Intravascular clearance is mainly mediated by neutrophils, and complement C5a receptor signaling is crucial for mediating neutrophil recruitment in the vasculature. C. neoformans stimulated actin polymerization of neutrophils is critically involved in their recruitment to the lung, which is associated with the unique vascular structure detected in the lung. The relatively lower efficiency of fungal clearance in the brain vasculature correlates with less efficient recruitment of neutrophils. Accordingly, intravascular clearance of C. neoformans in the brain could be remarkably improved by increasing the recruitment of neutrophils. We conclude that neutrophils have the ability to eliminate C. neoformans arrested in the vasculature. However, insufficient recruitment of neutrophils limited the optimal clearance of this microorganism in the brain. These results imply that a therapeutic strategy aimed at enhancing the accumulation of neutrophils could help prevent cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.
Reaction of aerogel containing ceramic fibre insulation to fire exposure
Authors: Ghazi Wakili K. , Remhof A.
Published: April 2016

Aerogel containing ceramic fibre insulations represent a newly developed high performance insulation material applied in industrial installations and recently expanding rapidly into the construction industry to reduce the heat transfer through walls and ceilings. As a rather expensive material they are preferentially used in cases where slim layers of insulation are needed mainly in refurbishing of existing buildings especially those under heritage protection. The reaction to elevated temperatures in case of fire is a decisive property for building applications. The present article investigates the reaction to fire of an aerogel containing ceramic fibre insulation already available on the market. This reaction was monitored experimentally by means of temperature sensors at different depth in the material when subjected to the standard ISO fire. The measured temperature evolutions are discussed with respect to radiative heat transfer in an optically thick medium, temperature induced changes in density because of mass loss and the occurrence of endothermic and exothermic reactions detected by thermal analysis and compared with simulation results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cranberry extracts on gene expression in THP‐1 cells
Authors: Hannon Daniel B. , Thompson Jerry T. , Khoo Christina , Juturu Vijaya , Vanden Heuvel John P.
Published: April 2016

Cranberry contains high levels of nutrients and bioactive molecules that have health‐promoting properties. The purpose of the present studies was to determine if cranberry extracts (CEs) contain phytochemicals that exert anti‐inflammatory effects. The human monocytic cell line THP‐1 was treated with two CEs (CE and 90MX) and subsequently challenged with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression was decreased in the CE‐treated cells, indicative of an anti‐inflammatory effect. Gene expression microarrays identified several immune‐related genes that were responsive to CEs including interferon‐induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 and 3 (IFIT 1 and 3), macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) and colony‐stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). In addition, in the CE‐treated cells, metallothionein 1F and other metal‐responsive genes were induced. Taken together, this data indicates that CEs contain bioactive components that have anti‐inflammatory effects and may protect cells from oxidative damage.
A New Hope: Negotiating the Integration of Transmedia Storytelling and Literacy Instruction
Authors: Slota Stephen T. , Young Michael F. , O'Byrne W. Ian , Ballestrini Kevin
Published: April 2016

Transmedia storytelling occurs when integral elements of a particular narrative are dispersed across multiple delivery channels using multiple media for the purpose of creating an integrated and coordinated storytelling experience. Educators have the opportunity to reconceptualize what literacy and learning could and should look like in and out of school. It provides opportunities for students to create their own stories that expand the lore and mythology of the overarching narrative and challenges them to resolve a variety of open, nonlinear problems. These narratives also contain sociocultural elements and therefore have the opportunity to connect to readers on different levels. In this column, the authors examine the affordances and possibilities of embedding transmedia narrative and elements of gaming into literacy instruction.
Translating Literacy as Global Policy and Advocacy
Authors: Mora Raúl Alberto
Published: April 2016

This column engages readers in reflexivity about the uses and meanings of literacy from a global perspective. Relying on the author's own experiences and current multilingual research, Mora discusses the issue of translating literacy into policy and advocacy. The first idea about translation tackles the importance of translating current ideas and trends about literacy as epistemological, not instrumental, matters. The second idea looks at the ongoing debates related to translating the wordliteracyand the current trends around it into other languages. The author argues that rather than looking at mere translations of words from English to other languages, the translations are looking more deeply at the epistemological issues that today's discussions of literacy entail.
Reading for Reliability: Preservice Teachers Evaluate Web Sources About Climate Change
Authors: Damico James S. , Panos Alexandra
Published: April 2016

This study examined what happened when 65 undergraduate prospective secondary level teachers across content areas evaluated the reliability of four online sources about climate change: an oil company webpage, a news report, and two climate change organizations with competing views on climate change. The students evaluated the sources at three time intervals based on 1. a screenshot of each source; 2. full web access to each source and prompted with critical questions to answer; and 3. after a whole class discussion about each source. Having the opportunity to evaluate the sources three times led students to modify their reliability ratings. Findings also reveal challenges some participants had differentiating between facts and opinions as well as distinctions in what they determined to be evidence in a source.
Regucalcin counteracts tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and cadmium‐induced oxidative stress in rat testis
Authors: Correia Sara , Vaz Cátia V. , Silva Ana M. S. , Cavaco José E. , Socorro Sílvia
Published: April 2016

Regucalcin (RGN) is a calcium (Ca2+)‐binding protein with multiple physiological roles and has also been linked to the suppression of oxidative stress. It is widely known that oxidative stress adversely affects spermatogenesis, disrupting the development of germ cells, and interfering with sperm function. The present study aims to analyze the role of RGN modulating testicular oxidative stress. To address this issue, seminiferous tubules (SeT) from transgenic rats overexpressing RGN (Tg‐RGN) and wild‐type (WT) were cultured ex vivo for 24 h in the presence/absence of pro‐oxidant stimuli, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 250 and 500 μM) and cadmium chloride (Cd, 10 and 20 μM). Noteworthy, SeT from Tg‐RGN animals displayed a significantly higher antioxidant capacity and diminished levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances relatively to their WT counterparts, both in control and experimental conditions. Regarding the antioxidant defense systems, a significant increase in the activity of glutathione‐S‐transferase was found in the SeT of Tg‐RGN whereas no differences were observed in superoxide dismutase activity throughout experimental conditions. The activity of apoptosis executioner caspase‐3 was significantly increased in the SeT of WT rats treated with 250 μM of TBHP or 10 μM of Cd, an effect not seen in Tg‐RGN animals. These results showed that the SeT of Tg‐RGN animals displayed lower levels of oxidative stress and increased antioxidant defenses, exhibiting protection against oxidative damage and apoptosis. Moreover, the present findings support the antioxidant role of RGN in spermatogenesis, which may be an important issue of further research in the context of male infertility. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of primary lesions using resection or radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Takada Takahiro , Tsutsumi Soichi , Takahashi Ryo , Ohsone Katsuya , Tatsuki Hironori , Suto Toshinaga , Kato Toshihide , Fujii Takaaki , Yokobori Takehiko , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

Background

Control of the primary lesions in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still controversial. For rectal cancer patients, not only resection but also irradiation is expected to provide palliative effects. We investigated the effects of resection and irradiation of primary lesions (local control) on the prognosis of mCRC patients.

Patients

Forty‐seven patients with mCRC at our institute were examined, with 34 in the local controlled group and 13 in the uncontrolled group.

Results

The median survival time (MST) of the local controlled and uncontrolled groups were 2.90 and 1.39 years (P = 0.028). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that local control was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05). The patients who underwent primary lesion resection had significantly longer MST (2.90 vs. 1.39 years, P = 0.032) than those in the uncontrolled group. In rectal cancer patients, the patients who underwent irradiation to control the primary lesions had a significantly longer MST than the uncontrolled patient group (1.97 vs. 1.39 years, P = 0.019).

Conclusions

Local control of primary lesions may improve the prognosis in mCRC patients. In rectal cancer patients with metastasis, not only resection but also irradiation of the primary lesions may be a useful therapeutic strategy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:75–79. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer—A value‐based proposition
Authors: Massarweh Nader N. , Artinyan Avo , Chang George J.
Published: April 2016

Over the last decade, the use of neoadjuvant chemo‐radiation has been an integral part of the care of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, emerging data are beginning to challenge the current treatment paradigm of neoadjuvant chemo‐radiation followed by radical resection and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. Going forward, the challenge will be to identify patients for whom radiation can be safely omitted and those for whom it can potentially provide added oncologic value. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:304–310. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy for the treatment of pulmonary metastases from sarcoma: A potential alternative to resection
Authors: Baumann Brian C. , Nagda Suneel N. , Kolker James D. , Levin William P. , Weber Kristy L. , Berman Abigail T. , Staddon Arthur , Hartner Lee , Hahn Stephen M. , Glatstein Eli , Simone Charles B.
Published: April 2016

Background/Objectives

Oligometastatic sarcoma pulmonary metastases (PM) are typically treated with resection and/or chemotherapy. We hypothesize that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be an alternative to surgery that can achieve high rates of local control (LC) with limited toxicity.

Methods

Thirty consecutive sarcoma patients received SBRT to 39 PM's from 2011 to 2015 at two university hospitals to a median dose of 50 Gy in 4–5 fractions with CyberKnife or linear accelerator. Patients underwent CT or PET/CT scans q3 months after SBRT.

Results

77% received prior chemotherapy, 70% had 1–3 prior pulmonary resections, and 26% received prior thoracic radiotherapy. Median lesion size was 2.4 cm (range 0.5–8.1 cm). Median follow‐up was 16 and 23 months for patients alive at last follow‐up. At 12 and 24 months, LC was 94% and 86%, and OS was 76% and 43%. LC and OS did not differ by SBRT technique, fractionation regimen, lesion location, histology, or size (all P > 0.05). Three developed grade 2 chest‐wall toxicity with no other grade ≥2 toxicities.

Conclusions

This is the largest series on SBRT for sarcoma PM's and demonstrates that SBRT is well‐tolerated with excellent LC across tumor locations and sizes. SBRT should be considered in these patients, and prospective studies are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:65–69. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental support for new electro active repair method for reinforced concrete
Authors: Geiker M. R. , Polder R. B.
Published: April 2016

This paper, describes experiments that form the basis of an invention that aims at improving the durability of conventional (mechanical) repairs to concrete structures suffering from chloride induced corrosion of reinforcing steel. The invention comprises application of a short term, low voltage, DC current before or after concrete is broken out and before repair material is applied. It is an additional step in conventional concrete repair. The application of current will last typically 24 h at a current density of typically 5 A/m2 of steel surface area. In laboratory experiments corrosion pits are simulated by placing highly concentrated iron(II)chloride solution in contact with a mortar surface, after which current is applied. The results indicate that this treatment is able to remove 90% or more of the chloride from the simulated pit solutions. Furthermore, the pH has increased from about 3 to more than 12. The combined reduction of chloride content and increase of pH strongly reduces the chloride to hydroxyl ratio of the pore solution and thus the aggressive conditions at the reinforcing steel. After applying alkaline chloride free repair material, this will result in a longer life of the repair, thus reducing the life cycle costs of repaired structures. The process is named EAR, electro active repair.
Investigation of chloride‐induced pitting corrosion of steel in concrete with innovative methods
Authors: Ebell G. , Burkert A. , Fischer J. , Lehmann J. , Müller T. , Meinel D. , Paetsch O.
Published: April 2016

The combination of electrochemical and 3D computed tomography (CT) investigations offers the possibility of verifying electrochemical measurements non‐destructively. Determining the steel surfaces damaged by pitting corrosion allows developing specimens having damage pattern corresponding to practice. Corrosion phenomena like decoupled pitting corrosion cannot be verified by electrochemical measurements only, but with the combination of those two kinds of investigations it is possible. Another advantage is the minimization of the number of samples. The classical experimental procedure requires the destruction of samples after each damage step. This can be avoided by the use of 3D computed tomography. As long as the corrosion phenomena are completely within the examination zone shown by the 3D computed tomography, the electrochemical measurements can be calculated on an area basis to get the specific corrosion rate or polarization resistance.