bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining Body Mass Index Using Weight and Length for Gestational Age in the Growth Assessment of Preterm Infants at Birth
Authors: Olsen Irene E. , Granger Marion , Masoud Waleed , Clark Reese H. , Ferguson A. Nicole
Published: September 2023

Objective The objectives of this study were to describe (1) body mass indexes (BMIs) using weight and length for gestational age (GA) classifications, and (2) the additional information BMI, as a measure of body proportionality, provides for preterm infant growth assessment and care plans at birth.

Study Design Birth weight, length, and BMI of 188,646 preterm infants (24–36 weeks gestation) admitted to U.S. neonatal intensive care units (Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse, 2013–2018) were classified (Olsen curves) as small, appropriate, or large for GA (SGA < 10th, AGA 10–90th, LGA > 90th percentile for GA, respectively). The distribution for the 27 weight–length–BMI combinations was described.

Results At birth, most infants were appropriate for weight (80.0%), length (82.2%), head circumference (82.9%), and BMI (79.9%) for GA. Birth weight for GA identified approximately 20% of infants as SGA or LGA. Infants born SGA (or LGA) for both weight and length (“proportionate” in size) were usually appropriate for BMI (59.0% and 75.6%). BMI distinguished disproportionate weight for length in infants with SGA or LGA weight at birth (58.3%, 49.9%). BMI also identified 11.4% of AGA weight infants as small or large for BMI (“disproportionate” in size) at birth; only using weight for GA missed these underweight/overweight for length infants.

Conclusion The unique, additional information provided by birth BMI further informs individualized preterm infant growth assessment by providing an assessment of an infant's body proportionality (weight relative to its length) in addition to the routine assessment of weight, length, and head circumference for GA and may better inform care plans and impact outcomes.

Key Points
Building the bioethics tools of a community council to the future: the ecosystemic gap
Authors: LeBlanc Antoine Boudreau
Published: September 2023

These are times of crisis. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic and the resurgence of a form of Cold War raised international concerns about Health & Well-Being, Climate & Biodiversity, and Technology & Economy. Articulating bridges between disciplines, between cultures and between knowledges has never been more urgent to accelerate the translation of values and policies into actions. This comprehensive review argues for a radical ecosystemic approach to bridge the Medical & Environmental fields (studies, sectors, and technics) in an integrated management practice of Care, Production & Biodiversity. As bridging implies solving the epistemological gap, the argument emphasizes the need to raise awareness with theoretical hybridizations, fieldwork hypotheses, and working theories. According to Van Rensselaer Potter, who coined the term ‘bioethics’, awareness means to refocus the Medical & Environmental studies and surveillance processes from a target (e.g., the disease, the pathogen, or the resource) to its context (e.g., adding history, demography and ecology). Thus reframed, concerned researchers, leaders, and citizens should invest their effort in preparing the (contextual) terrain for ever-more organizational resilience. We conclude on the need for actions to shape the Health & Biodiversity determinants, to improve communication systems, data-sharing networks, and responsible innovations, and to foster knowledge translation to envision a better realistic future.

“Ecology’s uneconomic, but with another kind of logic economy’s unecologic” (Potter 1988, p.9)
Highly uniform resistive switching characteristics of KGM resistive memory through air plasma technology
Authors: Liu Hao-Jung , Chang Yu-Chi
Published: September 2023

In this study, a highly stable resistive switching behavior was obtained by utilizing konjac glucomannan, a biomaterial, as a dielectric layer through a solution-based process, and the ITO bottom electrode was modified by using an air plasma technique. Electrical results showed that the pretreatment device did not observe significant switching characteristics (∼101). The device, which underwent additional plasma treatment, was recognized for its significant improvements in this area, demonstrating a reduced set voltage (Vset = 0.37 V) with a 6% coefficient of variation, more than 200 consecutive cycles, and up to 90% electrical yield. Moreover, the treated device exhibited a dramatically higher memory window (>104) due to the relatively low off-state current. According to the XPS and UPS analysis, the work function increased from an untreated 4.3 to 5.79 eV as the treatment time increased to 180 s. The conductive filaments, which stemmed from oxygen vacancies, were introduced through plasma treatment to enhance the proportion of oxygen vacancies in the ITO films, thereby creating a stable and consistent filament path. Consequently, the systematic and reproducible resistive switching phenomenon was intensified. The reported results confirmed that the reliability and uniformity in bioelectronic devices can be accomplished through a simple and effective plasma technique. This approach paved the way for alternative applications of these devices.
Vibrating capacitive electrostatic potential sensor based on a double cantilever tuning fork
Authors: Pan Jiale , Wang Zhiyu , Yang Suijun , Ye Shuliang
Published: September 2023

In this work, a vibrating capacitive sensor utilizing dual cantilever tuning fork resonance for electrostatic potential modulation was designed and fabricated. Initially, an electrostatic induction model was established, and the principle of non-contact electrostatic potential measurement was analyzed to identify the key factors influencing the sensor’s performance. Subsequently, the vibration mode of the tuning fork was simulated to determine the mechanical dimensions of the tuning fork and the driving frequency of the piezoelectric crystal. Additionally, the concept of enhancing the uniformity of the electric field near the sensor by employing a shield plate was proposed. Simultaneously, the optimal mechanical parameters of the shielding plate were determined through multi-physical field simulation to improve the sensor’s linearity. Finally, a compact calibration device was designed to measure the key performance parameters of the non-contact electrostatic potential sensor. The results demonstrate that the sensor has a measurement range of −10 to 10 kV, a measurement accuracy better than ±3%, and a linearity of 0.46%. This work offers an alternative solution for non-contact potential measurement.
Feigenbaum scenario without parameters
Authors: Korneev Ivan A. , Ramazanov Ibadulla R. , Slepnev Andrei V. , Vadivasova Tatiana E. , Semenov Vladimir V.
Published: September 2023

Typically, the period-doubling bifurcations exhibited by nonlinear dissipative systems are observed when varying systems’ parameters. In contrast, the period-doubling bifurcations considered in the current research are induced by changing the initial conditions, whereas parameter values are fixed. Thus, the studied bifurcations can be classified as the period-doubling bifurcations without parameters. Moreover, we show a cascade of the period-doubling bifurcations without parameters, resulting in a transition to deterministic chaos. The explored effects are demonstrated by means of numerical modeling on an example of a modified Anishchenko–Astakhov self-oscillator where the ability to exhibit bifurcations without parameters is associated with the properties of a memristor. Finally, we compare the dynamics of the ideal-memristor-based oscillator with the behavior of a model taking into account the memristor forgetting effect.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with an in situ tunable magnetic field
Authors: Huang Jianwei , Yue Ziqin , Baydin Andrey , Zhu Hanyu , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Kono Junichiro , He Yu , Yi Ming
Published: September 2023

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful tool for probing the momentum-resolved single-particle spectral function of materials. Historically, in situ magnetic fields have been carefully avoided as they are detrimental to the control of photoelectron trajectory during the photoelectron detection process. However, magnetic field is an important experimental knob for both probing and tuning symmetry-breaking phases and electronic topology in quantum materials. In this paper, we introduce an easily implementable method for realizing an in situ tunable magnetic field at the sample position in an ARPES experiment and analyze magnetic-field-induced artifacts in the ARPES data. Specifically, we identified and quantified three distinct extrinsic effects of a magnetic field: constant energy contour rotation, emission angle contraction, and momentum broadening. We examined these effects in three prototypical quantum materials, i.e., a topological insulator (Bi2Se3), an iron-based superconductor (LiFeAs), and a cuprate superconductor (Pb-Bi2Sr2CuO6+x), and demonstrate the feasibility of ARPES measurements in the presence of a controllable magnetic field. Our studies lay the foundation for the future development of the technique and interpretation of ARPES measurements of field-tunable quantum phases.
Crystallization kinetics from Ge-rich Ge–Sb–Te thin films: Influence of thickness
Authors: Hans Philipp , Mocuta Cristian , Le-Friec Yannick , Boivin Philippe , Simola Roberto , Thomas Olivier
Published: September 2023

The phase transition temperature and crystallization kinetics of phase-change materials (PCMs) are crucial characteristics for their performance, data retention, and reliability in memory devices. Herein, the crystallization behavior and kinetics of a compositionally optimized, N-doped Ge-rich Ge–Sb–Te alloy (GGST) in the slow crystallization regime are systematically investigated using synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) in situ during heat treatment. Uniform thin films (50, 25, 10, and 5 nm) of initially amorphous N-doped GGST are investigated. The specimens were heated up to 450 °C at a rate of 2 °C/min to estimate crystallization onsets by quantifiying the crystallized quantity during material transformation from the XRD patterns. Subsequent isothermal anneals have been performed to assess crystallization behavior and activation energies. Nucleation-controlled crystallization that progresses in two steps is observed, together with the emergence of Ge preceding cubic Ge2Sb2Te5, with a mild dependence of crystallization temperature on film thickness that is inverse to what has been observed in other systems. Ge and GST crystallization may be described occurring in three-time stages: (i) an incubation period; (ii) a fast growth period; and (iii) a very slow-growth period. Very high activation energies (between 3.5 and 4.3 eV) for each phase are found for the incubation time t0. The activation energy for Ge in the fast growth regime is close to the one reported for the crystallization of pure Ge films. In the case of Ge, the incubation time is strongly thickness-dependent, which may have important consequences for the scaling of memories fabricated with this class of materials.
A flexible P(VDF-TrFE)/MXene-based pressure sensor for breath and posture monitoring in football motion
Authors: He Mingjie
Published: September 2023

Flexible capacitive pressure sensors are becoming increasingly significant in wearable electronic devices. The conventional form of pressure sensors, however, focuses primarily on microstructure design. While this approach can enhance sensitivity, it can also compromise the reliability of the sensor device. Here, we present a flexible pressure sensor according to the capacitance effect using the high dielectric P(VDF-TrFE)/MXene polymer as the capacitive pressure sensor dielectric layer. The P(VDF-TrFE)/MXene film has a high dielectric constant, making it an ideal choice for the dielectric layer of the flexible capacitive pressure sensor, resulting in rapid response and high sensing sensitivity. We also examine the impact of dielectric layer thickness on the sensor’s performance and find that increasing the thickness from 0.5 to 1.5 mm leads to a continuous improvement in sensitivity, reaching a maximum sensitivity of 0.42 kPa−1 and a wide sensing amplitude (3 Pa–25 kPa). Moreover, the response time of the capacitive pressure sensor can reach 47 ms. In addition, the sensor can be utilized to monitor human physiological information such as respiration and heartbeat. Its flexibility makes it ideal for application in sports, particularly for monitoring the movement posture of football players. Our findings can drive the wider adoption of pressure sensors in football motion monitoring.
A path integral molecular dynamics study on the muoniated xanthene-thione molecule
Authors: Kuwahata Kazuaki , Ito Shigekazu , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: September 2023

A positive Mu is a useful tool for investigating the spin density of radical species. The theoretical estimation of its behavior in a molecule requires the inclusion of a quantum effect due to the small mass of muonium. Herein, we performed ab initio a path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulation, which accurately included a multi-dimensional quantum effect, for muoniated 9H-xanthene-9-thione (μXT). Our results showed that the quantum effect significantly increased the hyperfine coupling constant (HFCC) value of μXT, which qualitatively improved the calculated HFCC value, compared to the experimental one. In the PIMD simulation, the bond length between muonium and sulfur in μXT is longer than that between hydrogen and sulfur in a hydrogenated 9H-xanthene-9-thione (HXT), leading to a spin density transfer from XT (9H-xanthene-9-thione) to muonium due to neutral dissociations. Additionally, we found that the S–Mu bond in μXT prefers a structure perpendicular to the molecular plane, where the interaction between Mu and the singly occupied molecular orbital of μXT is the strongest. These structural changes resulted in a larger HFCC value in the PIMD simulation of μXT.
Real-time time-dependent self-consistent field methods with dynamic magnetic fields
Authors: Wibowo-Teale Meilani , Ennifer Benjamin J. , Wibowo-Teale Andrew M.
Published: September 2023

The first finite basis set implementation of the real-time time-dependent self-consistent field method in a dynamic (time-dependent) magnetic field using London atomic orbitals (LAOs) is presented. The accuracy of the finite basis approach using LAOs is benchmarked against numerical results from the literature for the hydrogen atom and H2 in the presence of rapidly oscillating magnetic fields. This comparison is used to inform the choice of appropriate basis sets for studies under such conditions. Remarkably, relatively modest compact LAO basis sets are sufficient to obtain accurate results. Analysis of electron dynamics in the hydrogen atom shows that LAO calculations correctly capture the time evolution of orbital occupations. The Fourier transformation of the autocorrelation function yields a power spectrum exhibiting harmonics associated with coherent emission, which closely matches the literature and further confirms the accuracy of this approach. The dynamical response of the electron density in H2 for a magnetic field parallel to the internuclear axis shows similar behavior to benchmark studies. The flexibility of this implementation is then demonstrated by considering how the dynamical response changes as a function of the orientation of the molecule relative to the applied field. At non-parallel orientations, the symmetry of the system is lowered and numerical benchmark data, which exploit cylindrical symmetry, are no-longer readily available. The present study demonstrates the utility of LAO-based calculations for extreme dynamic magnetic fields, providing a stress-test on the choice of basis. Future applications of this approach for less extreme dynamic magnetic fields are briefly discussed.
Green production and analysis of silver nanoparticles utilizing Pathor Kuchi Leaf
Authors: Tanisa N. Y. , Alam khan Md Kamrul , Salahuddin M.
Published: September 2023

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were manufactured utilizing Pathor Kuchi Leaf (PKL) extract in an environmentally, cost-effective green way. X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) have been used to look into Ag NPs generation. The crystalline structure was shown by the XRD pattern investigation, and its typical size is 19 nm. Its biological molecules composites are in charge of the diminishment and also the capping of Ag NPs, according to FTIR spectra. The UV–Vis spectra of silver NPs expressed a noticeably large absorption peak centered at ∼400 nm, which denoted the production of Ag0 from Ag+. After the distribution of sizes analysis, it must have been discovered that the mean dimension of the particles of the spherical silver nanoparticles in the SEM pictures was 5.33 µm. Ag NPs have been shown to potentially improve the power generation, short circuit current, and open circuit voltage of PKL bio-electrochemical cells. This work exhibits a straightforward, economical, and ecologically friendly way of manufacturing. The uniqueness of this work is that it is the first-ever comparative analysis of Ag NPs’ production utilizing PKL extract. The majority of the conclusions have been grouped and visually explained.
Progress and perspectives in thermoelectric generators for waste-heat recovery and space applications
Authors: Candolfi Christophe , El Oualid Soufiane , Lenoir Bertrand , Caillat Thierry
Published: September 2023

The direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical current via thermoelectric (TE) effects relies on the successful integration of efficient TE materials into thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with optimized characteristics to ensure either optimum output power density or conversion efficiency. Successfully employed for powering deep-space probes and extraterrestrial rovers since the 1960s, the development of this technology for waste-heat-harvesting applications faces several key issues related to the high temperatures and oxidizing conditions these devices are subjected to. This Perspective provides a brief overview of some prospective thermoelectric materials/technologies for use in radioisotope thermoelectric generators utilized in space missions and highlights the progress made in the field over the last years in the fabrication of TEGs. In particular, we emphasize recent developments that enable to achieve increased power densities, thereby opening up novel research directions for mid-range-temperature applications. In addition to showing how using lower quantities of TE materials may be achieved without sacrificing device performance, we provide an outlook of the challenges and open questions that remain to be addressed to make this technology economically and technologically viable in everyday-life environments.
Vós and other pronominal forms of address
(tu, você,
vocês)
Authors: Duarte Isabel Margarida , Marques Maria Aldina
Published: September 2023

This chapter aims to highlight some uses of pronominal
address forms (
tu, você, vocês
and

vós
[‘you’ sg+pl]) in European Portuguese
and compare them to Brazilian Portuguese, based on speakers’ perceptions
which express their pragmatic awareness. The data were collected on the
internet, from Facebook posts. An online linguistic survey on this matter
was conducted to complement the data. Some examples were also collected from
public speeches covering various discourse genres. Our findings show that
(i) the speakers have highly varied metalinguistic and metapragmatic
knowledge regarding the uses of the pronominal address systems in both
varieties, (ii) knowledge of the language is supported by opinions and
beliefs that value the central notion of social prestige related to a
standard variety.
Hybrid agreement in polite address
Authors: Gaglia Sascha
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines ‘hybrid agreement’ in polite
address in the Romance languages. This term usually describes a two-way
agreement pattern and presents a major challenge to syntactic theories due
to the apparent formal mismatches that occur, for example, in French

Vous êtes loyal
‘You are loyal’, where the
polite address pronoun vous and the predicate

êtes
are both plural, while the
predicative adjective loyal is singular. Similarly, Modern
Italian shows a gender conflict between the female politeness pronoun

lei
and the predicative adjective when the
addressee is male, e.g.,
Lei è
generoso
‘You are generous’. While Pollard
and Sag (1994) and Wechsler (2011)
assume double feature sets for solving mismatches of this sort, I propose an
analysis including single feature sets and a syntactic politeness feature in
the classical version of Lexical-Functional Grammar. Synchronic as well as
diachronic evidence is supplied from a contrastive perspective on French,
Italian, Peninsular Spanish, and Chilean Spanish.
Address and politeness
Authors: Vismans Roel
Published: September 2023

This chapter sets out to explore the theoretical
relationship between address and politeness. It explores the nature of
address and discusses the concept of “address theory”, the need for such a
theory, and what it should encompass. It analyses, for the first time, the
theoretical contrasts between address and politeness by means of a
chronological discussion of politeness theory and its treatment of address,
as well as a critical discussion of the handling of politeness theory by the
address literature. It concludes, with Terkourafi (2005), that each of the approaches to politeness
surveyed has its merits, and observes that, despite frequent references to
politeness, the address literature engages in reflection on politeness
(theory) only sporadically. It also calls for a debate about the need for a
(separate) address theory, including the continued use of the labels T and
V, which is widespread in both address research and politeness research.
Development of a piston-actuated 3D bio-printer with performance prediction system for the reliable printing of tubular structures
Authors: Liu Kun , Yang Chenghao , Li Jinmin , Ling Gang , Xiong Shaoping
Published: September 2023

3D bio-printing is a promising approach for creating tubular structures within the human body by precisely controlling the distribution of cells. While several 3D bio-printers have been developed for printing tubular structures, achieving reliable and repeatable construction of effective human tubular structures remains a challenge. This paper presents a piston-actuated 3D bio-tubular structures printer that uses a rotary rod-support printing method and a printing performance prediction system. The printing performance prediction system is based on a two-phase flow computational fluid dynamics model that simulates the tubular structure forming process and provides optimal printing setup parameters, such as extrusion nozzle movement speed, nozzle height, and rod rotating speed. Experimental testing has validated the performance prediction system, which achieved a fair prediction accuracy with an average error of around 10%. The proposed bio-printer and prediction system have the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of tubular structure printing for various biomedical applications.
The Faddeev and Schrödinger approaches to Efimov states—a numerical comparison
Authors: Tempest Kajsa-My , Jonsell Svante
Published: September 2023

We compare effective hyperradial three-body potentials calculated using the S-wave part of the Faddeev equations to calculations using the full Schrödinger equation. As two-body model potential we test both a short-range potential and a Lennard-Jones potential with van der Waals tail. In the former case we find excellent agreement between the two methods for the lowest adiabatic state, indicating that the Faddeev method can be a useful tool also for numerical computations. For excited states the two methods show important differences, but agree for hyperradii larger than about five times the range of the potential (independent of the value of the scattering length and of the number of bound states). For the van der Waals potential, we focus on how well the Faddeev method reproduces the so-called van der Waals universality. We find that indeed the universality is manifest also using this method, but at a slightly different value of the universal parameter

κ
∗

. We further derive an efficient method to solve the integro-differential equation arising in the Faddeev method.
Study of the velocity-selection satellites present in the
5P3/2→6PJ
(
J=1/2, 3/2
) electric quadrupole transitions in atomic rubidium
Authors: Ponciano-Ojeda F S , Mojica-Casique C , Hoyos-Campo L M , Ramírez-Martínez F , Flores-Mijangos J , Jiménez-Mier J
Published: September 2023

This article presents detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the satellite fluorescence lines observed when the

5

P

3

/

2

→
6

P
J

, (

J
=
1

/

2

,

3

/

2

) electric quadrupole transition (E2) is excited in a room temperature vapor of rubidium atoms. The initial state of this E2 transition is prepared by a narrow linewidth (9 MHz) laser locked to one of the dominant

5

S

1

/

2

→
5

P

3

/

2

D2 hyperfine excitations for zero-velocity atoms. Effects due to the selection of different atomic velocity classes in this preparation step are responsible for the presence of several satellite lines that can be found in the fluorescence decay spectra of both 85Rb and 87Rb. Compared to the main lines, these satellites do not show a strong dependence on the relative linear polarization directions of the lasers used in the preparation and the electric quadrupole steps. The relative intensities of the satellites decrease as the intensity of the preparation laser increases. Results of a rate equation calculation that explicitly includes selection-of-velocity effects indicate that optical pumping plays a central role in determining the relative intensities and the polarization dependence of the satellite lines. When the preparation laser is locked to the

5

S

1

/

2

 

F
1

=
1
→
5

P

3

/

2

 

F
2

=
0

low-F cyclic transition in 87Rb, six lines were found in addition to the

5

P

3

/

2

 

F
2

=
0
→
6

P

3

/

2

 

F
3

=
2

lone electric quadrupole transition for zero velocity atoms. In this case, the calculated spectrum is necessary for the correct interpretation of the experimental results, clearly indicating that optical pumping and selection of velocities are responsible for these six additional electric quadrupole lines.
Thermal dissipation of the quantum spin Hall edge states in HgTe/CdTe quantum well
Authors: Fang Jing-Yun , Zhuang Yu-Chen , Guo Ai-Min , Sun Qing-Feng
Published: September 2023

Quantum spin Hall effect is characterized by topologically protected helical edge states. Here we study the thermal dissipation of helical edge states by considering two types of dissipation sources. The results show that the helical edge states are dissipationless for normal dissipation sources with or without Rashba spin–orbit coupling in the system, but they are dissipative for spin dissipation sources. Further studies on the energy distribution show that electrons with spin-up and spin-down are both in their own equilibrium without dissipation sources. Spin dissipation sources can couple the two subsystems together to induce voltage drop and non-equilibrium distribution, leading to thermal dissipation, while normal dissipation sources cannot. With the increase of thermal dissipation, the subsystems of electrons with spin-up and spin-down evolve from non-equilibrium finally to mutual equilibrium. In addition, the effects of disorder on thermal dissipation are also discussed. Our work provides clues to reduce thermal dissipation in the quantum spin Hall systems.
Geomagnetic reference map super-resolution using convolutional neural network
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Jinsheng , Li Ting
Published: September 2023

Geomagnetic matching navigation technology, as an important assisted navigation method, has gradually been wildly used in the navigation field, in which the quality of geomagnetic reference map is of great significance on improving the guidance and positioning accuracy. However, the existing geomagnetic reference map reconstruction methods can hardly satisfy the actual needs. Considering the popularity of deep learning methods in the image super-resolution (SR) field, a geomagnetic reference map SR method using a convolution neural network is proposed. First, rectangular harmonic analysis theory is used to construct the training dataset, which is based on data from the United States Geological Survey and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. Then, a multi-channel convolutional neural network, which integrates all the three independent components in the geomagnetic reference field, is proposed of reference map SR reconstruction. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed method over other state-of-the-art methods.
Sphericity measurement based on telecentric imaging mechanism with image distortion correction and eccentricity error compensation
Authors: Huang Jingzhi , Lian Dongshan , Yang Runze , Liu Yongmeng , Tan Jiubin
Published: September 2023

Sphericity is an essential geometric parameter for determining the processing manufacturing quality of spherical components. This study presents a sphericity measurement method based on telecentric imaging mechanism with image distortion correction and eccentricity error compensation. A sphericity measurement system is designed, and the projection images of the cross-section on the equatorial plane of the measured sphere are acquired using a line scan camera with bilateral telecentric lenses. An analytical camera model for this sphericity measurement system is established by considering major sources of image distortion. The subpixel edge points of the projection images are extracted and converted to cross-sectional profiles on the equatorial plane according to the camera model. An eccentricity error compensation strategy for contour matching of the obtained cross-sectional profile on the equatorial plane is also developed to obtain the three-dimensional contour point coordinates of the sphere. Sphericity is then calculated according to the least square criterion. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by measuring two steel balls with diameter in 20 mm and 30 mm. The sphericity measurement error is reduced by 0.3383 mm and 0.4653 mm respectively after image distortion correction and is reduced by 0.2268 mm and 0.0795 mm respectively after eccentricity error compensation. The proposed method can be extended to form error measurements for opaque components with rotary structure on the outer contour.
Synthesis of water-stable and highly luminescent graphite quantum dots
Authors: Dsouza Slavia Deeksha , Buerkle Marius , Alessi Bruno , Brunet Paul , Morelli Alessio , Payam Amir Farokh , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide , Svrcek Vladimir
Published: September 2023

Highly stable and environmentally friendly nitrogen-doped graphite quantum dots consisting of ∼12 layers of graphene, average diameter of ∼7.3 nm, prepared by atmospheric pressure microplasma are reported to have blue emission due to surface states created by nitrogen doping (9 atomic%) and reaction with oxygen. The low-temperature synthesis method requires simple precursors in water, with no annealing or filtration, producing crystalline disc-shaped quantum dots with ∼68% photoluminescence emission quantum yield at 420 nm excitation and that have shown stability for more than one month after the synthesis. The nitrogen doping in the quantum dots mainly occurs in graphitic core as substituted type of doping (63–67 atomic%) and the amount of doping is sufficient to create emissive states without impacting the core structure. The optical and chemical properties do not undergo serious retardation even with re-dispersion suggesting easy applicability for cellular imaging or optoelectronics.
Some existence results for the Brinkman-Fourier system
Authors: Zuo Bijun
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we prove the existence of weak solutions to the Brinkman-Fourier system under suitable conditions on the pressure. The main novelty of this paper lies in the fact that the viscosity and heat conductivity coefficients are functions of the temperature, furthermore, the viscosity coefficients may be degenerate in the sense that it may vanish as the temperature goes to zero. The key points to achieve the main results rely on the Galerkin method, the De Giorgi method and some compactness arguments.
Modeling method of a class of 5D Hamiltonian conservative hyperchaotic systems with adjustable signal amplitude
Authors: Zhang Zefeng , Huang Lilian , Liu Jin , Guo Qiang , Du Xiuli , Yu Changdong
Published: September 2023

Compared to dissipative chaotic systems, conservative chaotic systems have gained attention because they can avoid reconstruction attacks due to the absence of attractors. This paper reports a general method for constructing 5D Hamiltonian conservative hyperchaotic systems, mainly by coupling three 5D sub-rigid bodies with two identical axes to obtain 5D Euler equations, and then combining Hamiltonian energy and Casimir energy analysis to obtain a 5D conservative hyperchaotic system. This method is general and convenient, and the constructed conservative hyperchaotic system has good performance. In addition, this paper investigates the impact of parameters and initial values on system performance using energy analysis and proposes a simple signal amplitude adjustment method. This method has no restrictions on the mathematical models of chaotic systems, can quickly adjust signal amplitudes, and enhances the hyperchaotic characteristics of the system based on this method. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical and simulation analysis is verified using a DSP hardware platform.
A design of novel Gudermannian neural networks for the nonlinear multi-pantograph delay differential singular model
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Alhazmi Sharifah E
Published: September 2023

In this paper, a new stochastic numerical platform through the Gudermannian neural network (GNN) based intelligent computing solver (GNNICS) is accessible for solving the nonlinear singular multi-pantograph delay differential (MP-DD) systems. In GNNICS, Gudermannian kernel is exploited to construct the neural network models of differential operators with different neurons for the nonlinear system along with the hybrid computing via global genetic algorithm (GA) and local refinements based active set (AS), i.e., GNN-GAAS method. A fitness function with GNN models is formulated for solving the MP-DD equation along with the optimization of design variables of the network using GAAS. To investigate the performance of the designed GNNICS based GNN-GAAS algorithm, three different variants of the MP-DD systems are used to assess the correctness, effectiveness, and robustness. The statistical investigations based on different performance are presented to authenticate the consistent accuracy, convergence, and stability of the designed GNN-GAAS algorithm. Furthermore, the negligible absolute error that are performed as 10−06 to 10−08 for solving the GNNICS based on GNN-GAAS algorithm.
Functional analysis in the body environment for a circularly polarized hybrid reconfigurable textile antenna
Authors: Sandeep D Ram , Madhav B T P , Salma S , Rao K Srinivasa , Govinda L , Hasitha Yepuri Aarthi , Rao M C
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the functional analysis of a hybrid reconfigurable circularly polarized (CP) textile antenna in different on-body environments. The Tai-Chi sign inspires the current textile antenna design, where the primary radiator and ground elements are sickle-shaped structures. Hybrid reconfigurability was achieved by successfully operating two RF PIN-Diodes in the basal ground plane’s elliptical and rectangular structures. Thus, four switching states are attained by operating the textenna at 3.5, 4.5 and 5.4 GHz in the S1. 4.39 and 5.8 GHz in S2, 5 and 5.9 GHz in S3 and 2.4, 4.3, 5.8, and 9.4 GHz in S4 state. The reconfigurable textenna was devised to function on the human body. Its functional behavior in proximity to the human body was rigorously validated through testing involving bending at various vertical and horizontal angles. Additionally, a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis was conducted using a three-layered human phantom. The results revealed that the maximum SAR value is below 1.6 W Kg−1 for 1 gram of tissue and 2 W kg−1 for 10 grams of tissue. These findings establish the safe operational parameters for the proposed model. The developed antenna functionalities were also tested in other circumstances like body sweating environment and interaction with body fluids (Blood, Plasma, SBF and DMEM). In these body fluid conditions, a peak gain of 4.88 dBi at S1, 6.97 dBi at S2, 7.99 dBi at S3, and 4.13 dBi at S4, was observed while interacting with Plasma, and the measured efficiency in the above configuration is between 77%–79%. The textenna durability analysis was measured using an electrochemical workstation while interacting with different body fluids. All these results confessed the applicability of the developed antennas for on-body wireless communication applications in different on-body conditions.
Extended Korteweg-de Vries equation for long gravity waves in incompressible fluid without strong limitation to surface deviation
Authors: Kruglov Vladimir I
Published: September 2023

We have derived the extended Korteweg-de Vries equation describing the long gravity waves without limitation to surface deviation. The only restriction to the surface deviation is connected with the stability condition for appropriate solutions. The derivation of extended KdV equation is based on the Euler equations for inviscid irrotational and incompressible fluid. It is shown that the extended KdV equation reduces to standard KdV equation for small amplitude of the waves. We have also generalized the extended KdV equation for describing the decaying effect of the waves. Quasi-periodic and solitary wave solutions for extended KdV equation with decaying effect are found as well. We also demonstrate that the fundamental approach based on the inverse scattering method is applicable for solving the extended KdV equation in the case when decaying effect is negligibly small. Such case always occur for restricted propagation distances of the waves.
Bayesian evaluation of energy dependent neutron induced fission yields*
Authors: Xiao 肖 Ming-Xiang 名翔 , Bao 包 Xiao-Jun 小军 , Wei 韦 Zheng 峥 , Yao 姚 Ze-En 泽恩
Published: September 2023

From both the fundamental and applied perspectives, fragment mass distributions are important observables of fission. We apply the Bayesian neural network (BNN) approach to learn the existing neutron induced fission yields and predict unknowns with uncertainty quantification. Comparing the predicted results with experimental data, the BNN evaluation results are found to be satisfactory for the distribution positions and energy dependencies of fission yields. Predictions are made for the fragment mass distributions of several actinides, which may be useful for future experiments.
SincMSNet: a Sinc filter convolutional neural network for EEG motor imagery classification
Authors: Liu Ke , Yang Mingzhao , Xing Xin , Yu Zhuliang , Wu Wei
Published: September 2023

Objective. Motor imagery (MI) is widely used in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, the decode of MI-EEG using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) remains a challenge due to individual variability. Approach. We propose a fully end-to-end CNN called SincMSNet to address this issue. SincMSNet employs the Sinc filter to extract subject-specific frequency band information and utilizes mixed-depth convolution to extract multi-scale temporal information for each band. It then applies a spatial convolutional block to extract spatial features and uses a temporal log-variance block to obtain classification features. The model of SincMSNet is trained under the joint supervision of cross-entropy and center loss to achieve inter-class separable and intra-class compact representations of EEG signals. Main results. We evaluated the performance of SincMSNet on the BCIC-IV-2a (four-class) and OpenBMI (two-class) datasets. SincMSNet achieves impressive results, surpassing benchmark methods. In four-class and two-class inter-session analysis, it achieves average accuracies of 80.70% and 71.50% respectively. In four-class and two-class single-session analysis, it achieves average accuracies of 84.69% and 76.99% respectively. Additionally, visualizations of the learned band-pass filter bands by Sinc filters demonstrate the network’s ability to extract subject-specific frequency band information from EEG. Significance. This study highlights the potential of SincMSNet in improving the performance of MI-EEG decoding and designing more robust MI-BCIs. The source code for SincMSNet can be found at: https://github.com/Want2Vanish/SincMSNet.
A data expansion technique based on training and testing sample to boost the detection of SSVEPs for brain-computer interfaces
Authors: Xiao Xiaolin , Wang Lijie , Xu Minpeng , Wang Kun , Jung Tzyy-Ping , Ming Dong
Published: September 2023

Objective. Currently, steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have achieved the highest interaction accuracy and speed among all BCI paradigms. However, its decoding efficacy depends deeply on the number of training samples, and the system performance would have a dramatic drop when the training dataset decreased to a small size. To date, no study has been reported to incorporate the unsupervised learning information from testing trails into the construction of supervised classification model, which is a potential way to mitigate the overfitting effect of limited samples. Approach. This study proposed a novel method for SSVEPs detection, i.e. cyclic shift trials (CSTs), which could combine unsupervised learning information from test trials and supervised learning information from train trials. Furthermore, since SSVEPs are time-locked and phase-locked to the onset of specific flashes, CST could also expand training samples on the basis of its regularity and periodicity. In order to verify the effectiveness of CST, we designed an online SSVEP-BCI system, and tested this system combined CST with two common classification algorithms, i.e. extended canonical correlation analysis and ensemble task-related component analysis. Main results. CST could significantly enhance the signal to noise ratios of SSVEPs and improve the performance of systems especially for the condition of few training samples and short stimulus time. The online information transfer rate could reach up to 236.19 bits min−1 using 36 s calibration time of only one training sample for each category. Significance. The proposed CST method can take full advantages of supervised learning information from training samples and unsupervised learning information of testing samples. Furthermore, it is a data expansion technique, which can enhance the SSVEP characteristics and reduce dependence on sample size. Above all, CST is a promising method to improve the performance of SSVEP-based BCI without any additional experimental burden.
Analysis of corticomuscular-cortical functional network based on time-delayed maximal information spectral coefficient
Authors: Tang Jianpeng , Xi Xugang , Wang Ting , Wang Junhong , Li Lihua , Lü Zhong
Published: September 2023

Objective. The study of brain networks has become an influential tool for investigating post-stroke brain function. However, studies on the dynamics of cortical networks associated with muscle activity are limited. This is crucial for elucidating the altered coordination patterns in the post-stroke motor control system. Approach. In this study, we introduced the time-delayed maximal information spectral coefficient (TDMISC) method to assess the local frequency band characteristics (alpha, beta, and gamma bands) of functional corticomuscular coupling (FCMC) and cortico-cortical network parameters. We validated the effectiveness of TDMISC using a unidirectionally coupled Hénon maps model and a neural mass model. Main result. A grip task with 25% of maximum voluntary contraction was designed, and simulation results demonstrated that TDMISC accurately characterizes signals’ local frequency band and directional properties. In the gamma band, the affected side showed significantly strong FCMC in the ascending direction. However, in the beta band, the affected side exhibited significantly weak FCMC in all directions. For the cortico-cortical network parameters, the affected side showed a lower clustering coefficient than the unaffected side in all frequency bands. Additionally, the affected side exhibited a longer shortest path length than the unaffected side in all frequency bands. In all frequency bands, the unaffected motor cortex in the stroke group exerted inhibitory effects on the affected motor cortex, the parietal associative areas, and the somatosensory cortices. Significance. These results provide meaningful insights into neural mechanisms underlying motor dysfunction.
Lock-in: origination and significance within infrastructure systems
Authors: Helmrich Alysha , Chester Mikhail , Miller Thaddeus R , Allenby Braden
Published: September 2023

Infrastructure systems have legacies that continue to define their priorities, goals, flexibility, and ability to make sense of their environments. These legacies may or may not align with future needs, but regardless of alignment, they may restrict viable pathways forward. Infrastructure ‘lock-in’ has not been sufficiently confronted in infrastructure systems. Lock-in can loosely be interpreted as internal and external pressures that constrain a system, and it encourages self-reinforcing feedback where the system becomes resistant to change. By acknowledging and recognizing that lock-in exists at small and large scales, perpetuated by individuals, organizations, and institutions, infrastructure managers can critically reflect upon biases, assumptions, and decision-making approaches. This article describes six distinct domains of lock-in: technological, social, economic, individual, institutional, and epistemic. Following this description, strategies for unlocking lock-in, broadly and by domain, are explored before being contextualized to infrastructure systems. Ultimately, infrastructure managers must make a decision between a locked in and faltering but familiar system or a changing and responsive but unfamiliar system, where both are, inevitably, accepting higher levels of risk than typically accustomed.