bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of thematic learning by using a scientific approach to increase the multiple intelligence of students
Authors: Dewi Ririn Andriani Kumala , Rukmini Piyantina
Published: September 2019

This study aims to increase the multiple intelligence of students of elementary school teacher education STKIP NU Indramayu by using thematic learning with a scientific approach and to find out the obstacles experienced by students in increasing multiple intelligence. The method used is a mix method with sequential explanatory strategy, a strategy is applied by collecting and analyzing quantitative data in the first stage, in this study data collection and analysis of multiple intelligence enhancements, followed by qualitative data collection and analysis in the second stage, obstacles students in developing multiple intelligences built based on quantitative initial results. The subjects were students of PGSD STKIP NU Indramayu who attended the basic science concepts course. The instruments used in the form of tests and interviews. The results showed an increase in multiple intelligence students after scientific approached thematic learning seen from the results of the N-gain test analysis increased by 0.41 in the medium category. Obstacles in increasing multiple intelligence students are 3, students have difficulty in analyzing existing data from the results of the study, students have difficulty in working on calculation problems, and students have difficulty in predicting a problem.
Scientific-based pictorial storybook with project-based learning method for improving the critical thinking skills of elementary school students
Authors: Farindhani Dini Aria , Wangid Muhammad Nur
Published: September 2019

The study aims at developing a scientific-based pictorial storybook with PjBL method for improving the critical thinking skills of the elementary school students. The research and development initiative refer to the design of Borg & Gall with 10 stages of test. Then, during the conduct of the study the data were gathered by means of product assessment sheet, teacher response questionnaire, student response questionnaire and critical thinking skills test. For the data analysis, the data were analysed by means of paired t-test with significance rate 5%. The results of the study show that the scientific-based pictorial storybook with PjBL method has been feasible for improving the critical thinking skills of the elementary school students. Based on the paired t-test results with the significance rate 5% (sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 < α = 0.05), after the implementation the critical thinking skills of the students increase significantly.
Willingness to Seek Help for Depression in Young African American Adults: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bamgbade Benita A , Barner Jamie C , Ford Kentya H , Brown Carolyn M , Lawson William B , Burdine Kimberly
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

In the United States, among those living with mental illness, 81% of African American (AA) young adults do not seek treatment compared with 66% of their white counterparts. Although the literature has identified unique culturally related factors that impact help seeking among AAs, limited information exists regarding the development and evaluation of interventions that incorporate these unique factors.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to describe a study protocol designed to develop a culturally relevant, theory-based, psychoeducational intervention for AA young adults; to determine if exposure to the intervention impacts AA young adults’ willingness to seek help; and to determine whether cultural factors and stigma add to the prediction of willingness to seek help.

METHODS

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Barrera and Castro’s framework for cultural adaptation of interventions were used as guiding frameworks. In stage 1 (information gathering), a literature review and three focus groups were conducted to identify salient cultural beliefs. Using stage 1 results, the intervention was designed in stage 2 (preliminary adaptation design), and in stage 3 (preliminary adaptation tests), the intervention was tested using pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up surveys. An experimental, mixed methods, prospective one-group intervention design was employed, and the primary outcomes were participants’ willingness and intention to seek help for depression and actual help-seeking behavior.

RESULTS

This study was funded in May 2016 and approved by the University of Texas at Austin institutional review board. Data were collected from November 2016 to March 2016. Of the 103 students who signed up to participate in the study, 70 (67.9%) completed the pre- and posttest surveys. The findings are expected to be submitted for publication in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings from this research are expected to improve clinical practice by providing empirical evidence as to whether a culturally relevant psychoeducational intervention is useful for improving help seeking among young AAs. It will also inform future research and intervention development involving the TPB and willingness to seek help by identifying the important factors related to willingness to seek help. Advancing this field of research may facilitate improvements in help-seeking behavior among AA young people and reduce the associated mental health disparities that apparently manifest early on.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/16267
A Holistic View of Finite Populations for Determining an Appropriate Sample Size
Authors: Stamatopoulos Constantine
Published: September 2019

This study presents practical and easy-to-implement approaches for determining appropriate, or “safe”, sample sizes for routinely conducted statistical surveys. Finite populations are considered holistically and independently of whether they are continuous, categorical, or dichotomous. It is proposed that in routinely conducted sampling surveys variance-ordered categories of populations should be the basis for calculating the safe sample size given that the variance within a target population is a primary factor in determining sample size a priori. Several theoretical and operational justifications are presented for this thesis. Dichotomous populations are often assumed to have higher variances than continuous populations when the latter have been standardized and have all values in the interval [0 1]. Herein, it is shown that this is not a valid assumption; a significant proportion of dichotomous populations have lower variances than continuous populations. Conversely, many continuous populations have variances that exceed the limits that are broadly assumed in literature for determining a safe sample size. Finite populations should thus be viewed holistically. A simple first step is to partition finite populations into just two categories: convex and concave. These two categories are relative to a flat population with a known variance as the threshold between them. This variance is used to determine a safe sample size for any continuous population with a flat or positive curvature, including approximately 20% of dichotomous populations. For all other populations the value of 0.25 is recommended for approximating the actual population variance as the primary parameter for sample size determination. The suggested approaches have been successfully implemented in fisheries statistical monitoring programmes but it is believed that they are equally applicable to other applications sectors.
Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnancy and Related Factors among Women Attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in General Hospitalbunza, Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Isah Balarabe , Ayotunde Azeez Shareef , Awosan Kehinde Joseph , Yunusa Edzu Usman
Published: September 2019

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major cause of maternal death in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it mostly results from a deficiency of iron and folate.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia and the factors associated with it among pregnant women in Bunza, Nigeria. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted among 327 pregnant women attending ANC in General Hospital Bunza, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Estimation of packed cell volume and RDT were alsodone for the participants; datawereanalysedusing IBMSPSS version 20. Results: The mean packed cell volume of the respondents was 30.7, with a SD 3.7 and majority of the respondents were having anemia 240(75.7%). Level of education of the respondents and their spouses, age at first pregnancy, spouses’ occupation, and the trimester at which the respondents booked were found to be significant p ?0.05for anemic status. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is high among pregnant women in Bunza, Nigeria, with the factors associated with it being the levels of education of the woman and that of her spouse, spouse’s occupation, having the first pregnancy before the age of 19 years, and late booking. Recommendations: Anemia in Pregnancy should be considered a public health problem in the LGA and state in general and girl child education should be given priority as a long term measure.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Natural Products Evaluation from Terrestrial Streptomyces Species Strain KAV 2 Isolated from Rhizosphere Regions of Piper betle
Authors: Keerthana S , Abilasha R , Saraswathi K , Arumugam P
Published: September 2019

Terrestrial actinomycetes have come to antimicrobial production dominantly and have been the focussed area for bioprospecting of novel secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolites of the fermented culture were prepared by solvent extraction method. In the current research work, Streptomyces species were completely analysed for antioxidant and antibacterial activities and also the GCMS analysis of the crude active extract revealed the presence of 12 bioactive compounds, which makes the particular strain as a potent source for drug validation research. The antioxidant activities assessed by four different methods proved that the crude extract could be effective against various kinds of free radicals. The maximum free radical scavenging activity for Ethyl acetate fraction by DPPH method was found to be 94.84±0.24% at 60 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 value was 26.91 µg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum ferric reducing ability for Ethyl acetate fraction was found to be 81.83±0.48% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC50 value was 53.16 µg/mL concentration respectively. The qualitative screening for active compounds gave positive results for alkaloids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, steroids. The Streptomyces species demonstrated antibacterial activities with maximum zone of inhibition as 19 mm against tested bacterial pathogens such as Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis.
Keywords: Streptomyces, DPPH˙ radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, antibacterial, GCMS
Formulation and Optimization of Orodispersible Tablet of Loratadine Using Box Behnken Design
Authors: Kundawala Aliasgar , Patel Pratik , Chauhan Khushbu , Desai Anjali , Kapadia Dhwani
Published: September 2019

In present study Orodispersible tablets (ORDT) of Loratadine were prepared and optimized. Solid dispersion of Loratadine- β cyclodextrin complex were prepared and used in preparation of Orodispersible tablets. Various super-disintegrating agent like Cross carmellose sodium, Cross povidone and Kyron T-314 were employed for faster disintegrating effect. The 24 factorial and Box-Behnken design were utilized to optimize the tablet formulation. The Orodispersible tablet of Loratadine was optimized by Box Behnken Design, where concentrations Kyron T-314, CRP and Pearlitol SD200 were employed and its effect on Disintegration time (DT), Wetting time (WT) and % drug release at 20 min (Q20) was evaluated. Precompression parameters like angle of repose, bulk density, % compressibility, Hausner’s ratio was studies. The different batches of Orodispersable tablets were prepared and evaluated for disintegration time, friability, wetting time and drug release studies. Different batches prepared showed disintegration time in the range of 23 ± 2.52 to 59 ± 2.64, wetting time in between 27± 0.57 to 66.3 ± 3.4, drug release (Q 20) in between 86.1 ± 0.6 to 96.7 ± 0.4 in 20 min., friability less than 1 % and hardness 3.4 to 4.2 Kg/cm2. The optimized formula when compared with marketed product it showed faster disintegration time and rapid drug dissolution in phosphate buffer 6.8. The solid dispersion of Loratadine not only helped improve in solubility but may also help in taste masking.
Keywords: Orodispersible tablets, Loratadine, β cyclodextrin Solid dispersion
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Buclizine Buccoadhesive Tablets
Authors: Wathore Sandeep Ashokrao
Published: September 2019

Buclizine is an antihistamine that is used to treat motions sickness, especially to prevent and treat symptoms such as abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headaches, etc. It may also be used either alone or in a combination with other medicines for the treatment of hay fever and other allergic conditions. These dosages form make close contact with buccal mucosa, avoid first- pass metabolism, increase absorption and patient compliance, results in an enhanced drug bioavailability. Buccal adhesive tablets were prepared by direct compression. Carbopol 940 and Sodium Alginate was used in different ratios and also in combination. Formulated 10 batches were evaluated for physical parameter, swelling studies, bioadhesion studies, and in-vitro drug release and in-vitro drug permeation. Bioadhesion studies were carried out to determine mucoadhesive potential of prepared tablets. Tablets were evaluated for in-vitro drug release for 6 hrs, using USP type II method and. From these results it can be concluded that formulation batch F6 was most promising comprising of 1:4 ratio of Sodium Alginate. The best fit model for the optimized batch F6 was zero order having R value 0.9889 and K value is 0.2542.
 Keywords: Buclizine, Carbopol 940, Sodium Alginate, buccal tablet, in-vitro drug permeation
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PLANT PARTS OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA
Authors: DAVE KRUTIBEN MUKESHBHAI , Darji Parth Pankaj , Gandhi Fenie Ritesh
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:
Since ancient times, plants have been model source of medicines as they are a reservoir of chemical agents with therapeutic properties. The general population is increasingly using herbal medicines as dietary supplements to relieve and treat many different human disorders. All parts of the plant, from root to fruit, consisting of a multitude of secondary metabolites which impart an unprecedented variety of medicinal uses to the plant. Studies have shown the presence of different phytochemical constituents in botanical sample responsible for the antimicrobial activity. These antimicrobial agents should be beneficial to host cells and toxic to pathogenic microbes. Hence, the antibacterial activity was examined from the leaf and flower of Butea monosperma. Sample was collected and its crude extract was obtained by using methanol, acetone and water as the extraction solvent. These extract were tested against some pathogenic microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereusa and B. subtilis. The extract of Butea monosperma showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereusa and B. subtilis. Bio-chemical test for the presence of phytochemicals have shown positive result and these phytochemicals have ability to fight against microorganisms or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. This approach will be an advanced step in the discovery of some herbal drugs. These plant extracts which was proven to be potentially effective can be used as a natural alternative to the chemical preservatives. It could be an ideal way to avoid health hazards that may occur due to chemical antimicrobial agents.
THE ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF COCCINEA GRANDIS VOIGT STEM EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: MOMIN YASMIN HAMID , YELIGAR VEERENDRA CHANNABASAPPA
Published: September 2019

Objective: In the present study, the antidiabetic and antioxidant study of stem part of Coccinea grandis Voigt plant extracts in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were investigated. Materials and methods: Fifty four Wistar albino rats were used with nine groups and with six rats in each group. 45 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin was administered to group 2 to 9. Group 2 was diabetic control. Group 3 was given with glimepiride as standard drug. Group 4 and 5 were given petroleum ether extract 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Group 6 and 7 were given 250 and 500 mg/kg chloroform extract respectively. Group 8 and 9 were given 250 and 500 mg/kg hydro alcoholic extract respectively. Antidiabetic activity of the extracts was assessed by serum glucose level on glucose kit. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation studies were assessed with histopathology. Result: The chronic study data on diabetic rats cleared the administration of all extracts significantly reduced blood glucose level and lipid peroxidation level with better antioxidant activity. Conclusion: From the study, the petroleum ether, chloroform and hydro alcoholic extracts of stem part of Coccinea grandis Voigt plant have shown antidiabetic and antioxidant potential.
Key Words: Antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase.
Analytical method development and validation of Amlodipine besylate in tablet dosage form
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Ram Bigan
Published: September 2019

The accurate and precise HPLC analytical method validated for the determination of Amlodipine besylate  in pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatographic separation is carried out on shimadzu HPLC system (LC-2010 CHT)  with  UV Vissible  detector and C18(150mm x3.9 mm) 5 μm Column. The Mobile phase consists of Acetonitrile: Methanol: PH 3.0 Buffer (15 V: 35 V: 50 V) , at the flow rate  of  1.0 ml/min and elutes were monitoring  at 237 nm. The observed retention time for Amlodipine besylate was 12.3 min. The % RSD for system precision was 0.41 % and Method precision was 0.58 %.  The method was found to linear (R=0.99996) in the Concentration range of 35-105 μg/ml (50 to 150%). The accuracy was in between 99.50-99.91%.
Keywords:  HPLC, Correlation coefficient, System suitability, Bias, % RSD and ICH guidelines
Difference Spectrophotometric Method for Estimation of Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in Bulk Drug
Authors: Kaderkar Dattatray , Tamboli A. M. , Kale Seema , Jadhav Poonam , Kale Kishori
Published: September 2019

See PDF for full text
ANALYTICAL METHOD EVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ANTI ASTHAMATIC DRUG OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN NASAL SPRAY FORMULATIONS BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Kulkarni Pankaj N , Dodake-Supekar Alaknanda M , Nipte Amol S , Jadhav Chetan K , Gill Charansingh H.
Published: September 2019

A new, simple, accurate and economic reverse-phase HPLC method has been developed for quantification of Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride in nasal spray formulations. This developed method has been validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline with respect to system suitability, specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, and robustness. An isocratic condition of mobile phase Phosphate buffer (pH 3.0): Acetonitrile in a ratio of 60:40, v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/minute over RP C18 (octadecylsilane (ODS), 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm, ECLIPSE X DB C-18) column at ambient temperature was maintained. This method is specific and showed excellent linear response with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.999, which was within the limit of correlation coefficient (R2 0.995). A  simple  and accurate reversed-phase  HPLC  method  for  the  analysis  of  Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride in  nasal spray formulations was developed and validated successfully.
Extracellular Protease and DNase Activities in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex from Central India
Authors: Gumasta Richa , Nawange Shesh Rao , Singh Shankar Mohan , Garg Abhijeet , Sethi Ruchi , Yadu Ruchika
Published: September 2019

Enzymes are important not only for the growth and multiplication of the microorganism but also in the infection, penetration of the host tissue and encountering host defense mechanisms. This study aims to investigate extracellular protease and DNase activity in clinical (20) and 120 environmental isolates of C. neoformans species complex collected from different localities of central India.  DNase test agar containing toluidine blue and Yeast Carbon Base (YCB) agar medium supplemented with 0.1% BSA + 0.01% polypeptone was employed for the screening of DNase and protease production respectively. DNase and protease production was detected by the appearance of clear zones around the colonies. On the basis of enzymatic activity and their Pz values, high protease production (Pz≤0.6) was observed by 14 (11.6 %) environmental and 4 (11.6 %) clinical strains on 5th day, whereas 35 (29.16 %) environmental and 8 (40 %) clinical strains were screened on 8th day of incubation. Similarly 13 (10.83%) environmental and 3 (15 %) clinical strains on the 5th day, however 32 (26.66%) environmental and 8 (40 %) clinical strains on the 8th day of incubation were found to be high DNase producing strains with low Pz value (Pz≤0.6). In the case of protease activity, no significant difference was observed whereas a significant difference has shown by clinical C. neoformans and C. gattii strains on the 5th day of DNase production (p < .001). Extracellular enzymes play a vital role in the pathogenicity and virulence of C. neoformans species complex, therefore, enzymes are considered as worthy targets for developing therapeutics.
Keywords: Cryptococcus neoformans species complex, Extracellular enzymes, DNase, protease, virulence, Pz value
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogenic Bacteria in RMMC Hospital of Chidambaram
Authors: Gnanasekaran A. , Manikandan P. , Vigneshwari J. , Poongothai P. , Senthilkumar P. K.
Published: September 2019

Background: In every year millions of people were affected by the Urinary Tract Infection. It was creating a serious health issue.
Aim: The present study was to analysis of the uropathogenic bacteria in patients were attended RMMC Hospital and their antibiotic resistance pattern, in vitro detection of haemolysis virulent factor of uropathogenic.
Material and Methods: All urine samples were tested by the standard microbiological procedure. Kirby-Bauer method used for the Antibiotic Susceptibility Test according to the CLSI guidelines. Commercially available antibiotics were used. Blood Agar used for the detection of haemolysis.
Results: A total of 261 urine samples were included in this study. We isolated a total of 103 positive cultures. 12% of Gram-positive, 83% of Gram-negative bacteria and 3% of Candida fungi. Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacteria (54%) followed by Klebsiella sp (15%), Staphylococcus aureus (12%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Proteus (1%) and fungi Candida (3%). Mostly female patients’ sample were analysed and the inpatient higher majority than the outpatients.
Conclusion: Escherichia coli are the common bacteria to cause of UTI. Nowadays most of the uropathogens are to resistance to the overall antibiotics. This kind of reactions creating the life-threatening of humans.
Keywords: Antibiotic, Antibiotic Susceptibility Test, Uropathogens, Resistance, Haemolysis
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Taste Masked Fast Disintegrating Tablets of Labetalol Hydrochloride by Wet Granulation Technique
Authors: Shahidulla SM , Jeelani Tayyaba
Published: September 2019

Labetalol Hydrochloride is a β-blocker generally indicated for the treatment of hypertension, and it is extensively metabolized due to the hepatic metabolism. In the present work, an attempt was made to mask the taste by Solid Dispersion technique, with a formulation into Fast Disintegrating dosage form, using superdisintegrants such as Cross carmellose sodium (CCS), crospovidone (CP) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG). The complexes of Labetalol hydrochloride with HP-β-CD (1:3 ratio) were prepared by Co-precipitation method. Using the drug HP-β-CD complex, Fast Disintegrating tablets were prepared by Wet granulation Technique and evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, thickness, disintegrating time (DT), In-vitro dispersion time and  dissolution rate. The results of Direct compression optimized formulation WG9 (Sodium Starch Glycolate 15mg and Starch paste 18mg) has shown the % Drug release of  99.97%, In-vitro Dispersion time of 16 Secs respectively.
Keywords: Solid dispersions, fast disintegrating tablets, Labetalol, Crospovidone, Croscarmellose sodium and Sodium starch glycolate.
Effects of Nicotine on Sperm Health and Semen Quality: A Review based on Animal Studies
Authors: Ray Dibyendu
Published: September 2019

Various studies have revealed the toxic effects of nicotine, an alkaloid compound of tobacco, on semen quality and sperm physiology; however, these studies collectively are still unsummarized. Here, I systematically discuss and summarize the nicotine exposure, pharmacology and its insults on semen quality and sperm physiology. I searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases for only English language articles or abstracts from September 1969 to March 2019 (inclusive) using the key words “Nicotine” and “tobacco” versus “sperm”. In conclusion, the mainstream published work demonstrates the negative effects of nicotine on semen quality: first, by increasing sperm count, and by enhancing sperm motility and reducing sperm DNA damage, though there are a few in clinical studies that have deliberated some adverse effects. The detrimental effects of Nicotine on semen quality may be due to decreased functionality of reproductive organs, increased levels of oxidative damage to sperm, reduced amount of energy produced by spermatozoa. However, additional research, mainly clinical, is still needed to confirm these
Keywords:  Nicotine; sperm; testicular damage; semen quality
Herbal Alternative for Kidney Stone Diseases
Authors: Patel Bhavisha Bhupendrabhai
Published: September 2019

Kidney stone disease is an increasing disorder of humans. It affects about 12% of the world population. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. [1] It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. Kidney stones   result from a succession of several physicochemical events including super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow .The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10 %.Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone disease.[2] Kidney stone disease is usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. Data from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically explains the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis.

Keywords:  Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Herbal plant extracts, Alternative medicine
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ALENDRONATE BUCCAL TABLETS
Authors: GUPTA SANJAY KUMAR , Patra Sradhanjali , Akber Syed Adnan
Published: September 2019

The aim of this work was to develop a mucoadhesive buccal tablet for the buccal delivery of the alendronate via buccal mucosa. Buccal tablets of alendronate are designed to release drug at mucosal site for extended period of time without wash out of drug by saliva. Alendronate sodium is a bisphosphonates which has antiresorptive effect which is implicated in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Sodium alginate, ethyl cellulose and carbopol were selected as mucoadhesive polymers on the basis of their matrix forming properties. The objective of the study is to improve the bioavailability of alendronate buccal tablets. Extensive literature survey was done for the collection of theoretical and technical data. The methodology part includes the explanation of implemented methods in the present study. In present study, an attempt was made to design mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing alendronate, sodium alginate, ethyl cellulose and carbopol using as polymers. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The formulations were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, drug content estimation, surface pH determination, swelling index, in vitro drug release. In vitro bioadhesive strength & in vitro release studies showed that formulation F11 showed optimum bioadhesive & exhibited optimum drug release 97.6% in 7hr. Kinetics results reveals that the F11 formulation follows zero order kinetics as correlation coefficient (r2) values are higher than that of first- order release kinetics.Optimized formula F11 show drug is released by non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The stability studies of formulation F11 prepared mucoadhesive buccal tablets of alendronate were stable. Overall evaluations of the mucoadhesive of tablets show good mucoadhesive properties.
Formulation of Effective Microbial Consortium and Its Application for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Mahilarasi A , Jaianand Kannaiyan , Rameshkumar K , Balaji Paulraj , Veeramanikandan Veeramani
Published: September 2019

The present study was conducted for auto mobile industry, food industry and pharmaceutical industries waste water treatment using effective microbial consortium. The effective microorganisms like Acinetobacter pittii, Escherichia coli, Fictibacillus nanhaiensis, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Planococcus maritimus were isolated from respective sources. The microbial consortium was formulated using molasses as medium at pH 3.8 and incubated at 37°C for 3 days. The results showed that the formulated consortium was efficient for industrial waste water treatment and thereby it reduced the environmental impact.

Keywords: Bio-remediation, Microbial consortium, Industrial waste water, Heavy metals
Case Report on Steroid Induced Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Salma Shaik
Published: September 2019

Glucocorticoids are the effective steroid drugs which reduce the inflammation & most commonly glucocorticoids are used in diseases such as asthma, allergic diseases such as psoriasis, eczema and rheumatoid arthritis. Long term effect of corticosteroids leads to the symptoms of moon face, buffalo hump, pink stretch marks, and weight gain. In this we are going to report a case of 30 yrs female patient with representing the long term use of corticosteroids; Prednisolone leads to cushing syndrome. Eventually she was treated with oral hypoglycemics and diuretics and the use of steroid had stopped temporarily and the dose of prednisolone was tapered.

Keywords: glucocorticoids, prednisolone, Cushing syndrome
A Research Article Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Carthamus tinctorius Leaves
Authors: Pant Rahul , Irchhaiya Raghuveer , Rao Ch. V.
Published: September 2019

Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Carthmus tinctorius L. (MECT) was investigated against hepatotoxicity produced by administering a combination of two anti-tubercular drugs Isoniazid and Rifampicin for 24 days by Oral route in rats. MECT were administered at two graded dose i.e. 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o. 45 min after to anti-tubercular challenge for 24 days. MECT was evident in the all doses as there was a significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, and Total Bilirubin levels. MECT significantly decreased the level of these biochemical parameter as compared to control. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of B-sitosterol and Lupeol in MECT. Results showed that Carthamus tinctorius possess significant Hepatoprotective activity which might be due to flavonoids.

Keywords: Carthamus tinctorius leaves1, hepatoprotective2, Rifampicin3, Isoniazide4, SGPT5.
Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Guiera senegalensis on Trypanosoma brucei Infected Mice
Authors: André Zongo , Hervé Vitouley Sèna , Zakaria Bengaly , Adama Kaboré , Aristide Traoré , Hamadou Tamboura Hamidou , Gaston Belem Adrien Marie
Published: September 2019

Aqueous decoction of Guiera senegalensis leaves was studied orally and intraperitoneally for its antitrypanosomal activity on mice infected experimentally with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. After a phytochemical screening followed by an acute toxicity study on mice, the extract of plant was administered once daily for 2 days at doses of 60, 120 and 240 mg / kg orally and 15, 30 and 60 mg / kg intraperitoneally after infection. Then, parameters of parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), mean survival time and body weight of the mice treated with the extract were measured and compared with positive (diminazene aceturate) and negative (distilled water) controls for 7 days in a row. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of G. senegalensis leaves contains tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, reducing compounds and anthocyanosides, alkaloids and coumarins. LD50 of the extract are 1264.49 mg / kg by oral route and 316.22 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route. The doses of 240 mg / kg by oral route and 15 and 60 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route of aqueous extract showed a mean survival time (5 days) comparable to the positive control. Parasitaemia level increased in all mice tested except in mice treated with diminazene aceturate during the post-infestation period. During this period, PCV and body weight of all mice decreased by both routes of administration. These results of the study show the pharmacological utility of G. senegalensis leaves in the control of TAA by herders / pastoralists and suggest continuing further bio-guided studies to isolate the active components of the plant in order to improve their efficiency.

Keywords: In vivo test; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Guiera senegalensis leaves; phytochemical screening; acute toxicity.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Floating Matrix Tablet of Levofloxacin by Direct Compression Method
Authors: Pandey Nidhi Kumari , Ghatuary Sailesh Kumar , Dubey Amit , Jain Prabhat Kumar
Published: September 2019

The objective of the present work was to develop Gastro retentive dosage forms which would remain in the stomach and upper part or GIT for a prolonged period of time thereby maximizing the drug release at desired site within the time before GRDFs left the stomach and upper part of the GIT, has provoked a great deal of increased interest in the formulation of such drug as floating drug delivery systems. Levofloxacin, (BCS class I) is a fluoroquinolone anti-bacterial agent. The rationale for the formulation of floating matrix tablet are acidic solubility of levofloxacin, residence of Halicobactor pylori mainly in sub region of stomach and the overdosing associated adverse effect due to continuous intake of drug in acute infection. A simple visible spectrophotometric method was employed for the estimation of levofloxacin at 294 nm and Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range of 2-10 μg /ml. Floating matrix tablet of levofloxacin was prepared by direct compression method using different polymers like hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4) and carbopol 934 as matrix formation polymers, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was used as gas generating agents. The FTIR spectra of the levofloxacin and other excipients alone and in combination show the compatibility of the drug and excipients. Six formulations of different polymer percentages were formulated (F1-F6). Pre-compression parameters were evaluated. The influence of matrix forming agents and binary mixtures of them on levofloxacin release was investigated. The formulated tablets were characterized by hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation and in vitro drug release. The formulated tablets had acceptable physicochemical characters. The data obtained from the in-vitro dissolution studies of optimized batch F4were fitted in different models. The optimized formulation F4 showed 99.25% drug content and swelling index of 79.85 %. Drug release mechanism was found to be first order kinetics. Levofloxacin floating tablets exhibited increased gastric residence time, there by improved bioavailability and therapeutic effect of the drug.
Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Dactylorhiza Hatagirea Roots & Lavandula Stoechas Flower on Thiopental Sodium Induced Hypnosis in Mice
Authors: Sirohi Brijesh , Sagar Rakesh
Published: September 2019

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo belongs to the family orchidaceae. The plant is native and near endemic to Indian Himalayan region.  Its distribution extends to Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Tibet and Bhutan. In India, it is reported from Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. The Juice extracted from tuber is used as tonic and also used for the treatment of pyorrhea (inflammation of the gum & teeth). Root paste is externally applied as poultice on cuts and wounds and extract is given in intestinal disorders. Lavandula stoechas, the Spanish lavender or topped lavender or French lavender is a species of flowering plant in the family lamiaceae, ccurring naturally in several Mediterranean countries, including France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece. It is used commercially in air fresheners and insecticides. Flower spikes have been used internally for headaches, irritability, feverish colds and nausea and externally for wounds, rheumatic pain, antiseptic, digestive, antispasmodic, healing, insect repellent and antibacterial. The neuropharmacological activities were examined by thiopental sodium induced sleeping time in mice at the doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o body weight. All the extracts exhibited significant reduction of onset and duration of sleep in thiopental sodium induced sleeping time test. Altogether, these results suggest that experimental hydroalcoholic extracts of D. hatagirea roots & L. stoechas flower possesses potent hypnotic properties, which support its use in traditional medicine.

Keywords: Dactylorhiza hata, Lavandula stoechas, Sleeping time test, Thiopental sodium
Formulatiom, Preparation and Evaluation of Mouth Disintegrating Tablet of Ranitidine HCl and Domperidone
Authors: Suradkar Shivaji Rambhau , Ambekar Abdul Wahid
Published: September 2019

See Full PDF
Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Orodispersible Tablets of Naproxen sodium by using Superdisintegrant
Authors: Ansari Mohd. Razi , Singh Sumer , Quazi M.A. , Ansari Yaasir Ahmed , Abbas Jameel
Published: September 2019

Among the different type of route of administration oral route for drug administration is most common route in which Orodispersible tablet is preferred for the patient which are unconscious, week or for immediate control. The tablet gets dispersed in mouth cavity without water, present study deals with formulation of Naproxen sodium mouth dissolving tablets using super disintegrants. Naproxen sodium is analgesic and NSAID, used for the treatment of pain and inflammation caused by different condition such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and menstrual cramps. However gastric discomfort caused by naproxen sodium result in poor patient compliance associated with it conventional doses form but now days Naproxen sodium MDTs produces rapid onset of action and minimise gastric discomfort associated with it. Thus improves patient compliance, enhance bioavailability and reduces the dose of drug. MDTs are formulated by direct compression method using super disintegrants in different proportion. The powder blend is subjected to pre-compression evaluation parameters like bulk density, true density, and tapped density and angle of repose. Formulations are evaluated for weight variation, hardness, wetting time, water absorption time, disintegration time. And in vitro dissolution studies and all formulations complies Pharmacopoeias standards. The tablets are evaluated and result compared for all five formulation the most efficacious super disintegrants for MTDs of Naproxen sodium as suggested by the dispersion time, disintegration time and drug dissolution profiles.

Keywords: - MDT, Naproxen Sodium, crosscarmellose Sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, Cross-povidone.
Studies on solvent systems for enhanced skin permeation of venlafaxine hydrochloride
Authors: Salve Pramod S. , Rathod Shahadev B.
Published: September 2019

Venlafaxine hydrochloride (VH) is a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor indicated for treatment of depression disorder. It shows low biological half-life 5±2 h and low oral bioavailability 45±15 % due to extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. Frequent administration of VH is required to maintain steady state plasma concentration of drug. To overcome hepatic first pass metabolism and to cross blood brain barrier for effectively achieving plasma concentration of VH in brain, we envisaged to develop transdermal drug delivery system containing VH loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Effect of solvent systems (SS), penetration enhancers (PE), and VH nanoparticles (VHNPs) on transdermal diffusion of drug were studied. VHNPs were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method using high speed homogenizer followed by probe sonication. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and tween 80 were used as polymer and surfactant respectively. Mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency of optimized VHNPs were found to be 175.4 nm, 0.109, (-) 24 mV and 56 %.respectively. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical shape of drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles. SS comprising 50% PG in EtOH shown maximum flux 158.67 ± 2.9 (µg/cm2/h) and lag time was found to be 5.60 ±0.16 h. The PE 5 (%v/v) limonene shown maximum flux 200.47±3.6 (µg/cm2/h) and lag time 3.17±0.11 h. The flux and lag time in case of VHNPs were found to be 192.24±3.20 (µg/cm2/h) and 4.22±0.14 h respectively. Based on flux, clearance and surface area of transdermal patch, a theoretical meaningful plasma level concentration of VH ranging from 12.85 to 128.5 (ng/mL) can be achieved.

Keywords: Depression, Venlafaxine hydrochloride, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), Solvent systems, Penetration enhancers, Nanoparticles (NPs)
Study on Preliminary Phytochemicals and GC-MS Analysis of Justicia adhatoda Leaves Extract
Authors: Malathi R. , Kaviyarasan D. , Chandrasekar S.
Published: September 2019

Several natural products have been implemented as an alternative health care treatment and in discovery of effective modern drugs. A major focus of natural product chemistry has been toward drug design and discovery. Justicia adhatoda is a well-known Indian medicinal plant valued for its pharmacopeia. This plant root, bark, leaf and flower are used to heal several diseases and poisonous bites. The present work was to evaluate the phytochemicals and GC-MS analysis of J. adhatoda leaves extracts. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The result showed that the phytochemicals present in the extract of J.adhatoda are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, hydroxy anthraquinones, tannins, phlobatannins, proteins, xantho protein, steroids and phenols. The GC-MS analysis of acetone extract showed the presence of many secondary metabolites like phytol (0.8%),  9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z) (1.6%), butane, 2,2-dimethyl (0.21%), pentane, 2,3,3-trimethyl (0.22%), hexathiane (0.08%),  and benzenesulfonic acid (0.22%). The diversity of phytochemical present in the plant suggests that J. adhatoda could serve as a source of useful drugs.

Keywords: Justicia adhatoda leaves, acetone extract, phytochemicals, GC-MS.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Floating Wax Beads of Olopatadine Hydrochloride
Authors: Baviskar Priyanka , Patil Prashant , Saudagar Ravindranath B
Published: September 2019

In this study, a multiple-unit gastroretentive sustain release drug delivery system of Olopatadine hydrochloride was developed from a completely aqueous environment, avoiding the use of any organic solvent, thus releasing the drug for a prolonged duration of time. Emulsion gelation technique was used to prepare beads. The beads with edible oil were prepare by mixing and homogenizing olive oil and water containing pectin and molten wax which was then extruded in to calcium chloride solution. The effects of carnauba wax on drug entrapment efficiency, floating lag time and morphology and drug release was studied. It was found that carnauba wax was sufficient to sustain the drug release at gastric pH. The results show that these beads can entrap drug in sufficient amount and also can successfully deliver the drug in stomach for a prolong duration of time avoiding the use of any organic solvent.

Keywords: Gastroretentive, Floating Wax Beads, Olopatadine
Stability Matrix Designs: A Boon For Stability Testing of Pharmaceutical Drug Products.
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Swetha P.
Published: September 2019

Long term stability is done in a matrix approach after manufacturing of drug for ensuring the stability of drugs. Using the matrix basic design which is useful for testing 3 lots under one storage condition can be expanded to multiple presentation of products or multiple storage conditions. The design shows full testing at the end points (0 and 36 months) and shows partial testing at the interim time points (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 &24 min). With the assistance of a statistical search algorithm, the test points are selected . 37.5%  reduction in analytical testing, while permitting a reliable interim expiry estimate. Based on 12 months stability data it is provided by the proposed matrix design. The matrix approach obtained by expiration dating periods is typically more conservative than the approaches derived from the full testing estimate. The comparison of expiration dating estimate for meter dose inhaler and capsules is presented using the matrixed and full testing approaches.
Quinoline as TRPV1 Antagonists: A New Approach against Inflammation
Authors: Ambatkar Megha P. , Khedekar Pramod B.
Published: September 2019

Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to harmful stimuli such as infection or irritation, consists of a cascade of biochemical events that propagates and matures the inflammatory response. Number of anti-inflammatory drugs are available for treatment of acute and chronic inflammation. Many anti-inflammatory drugs cause adverse side effects. The quinoline class of compounds are important for searching the safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs are classified based on the number of substituents present on the quinoline ring or compounds containing a quinoline ring fused to other heterocyclic compounds. Quinolines have the ability to target several causes of inflammation includes transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor. The TRPV1 receptor, first cloned and characterized in 1997, is a non-selective cation channel expressed in primary sensory neurons, and is a key pain sensor and integrator. This review provides the discovery of various quinoline derivatives as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists. Overall, the quinoline moiety will be used as a new template for designing and identifying the novel anti-inflammatory drugs in future.

Keywords: Quinoline, Inflammation, Transient receptor Potential Vanilloid 1, Antagonists.