bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bexsero Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B vaccine antigen NHBA is a high-affinity chondroitin sulfate binding protein
Authors: Mubaiwa Tsitsi D. , Hartley-Tassell Lauren E. , Semchenko Evgeny A. , Day Christopher J. , Jennings Michael P. , Seib Kate L.
Published: April 2018

Neisseria meningitidisis a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes life threatening meningitis and septicemia. Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) is an outer membrane protein that binds heparin and heparan sulfate and DNA. This protein is one of the four antigens in the meningococcal serogroup B vaccine Bexsero. In the current study, we sought to define the full glycan-binding repertoire of NHBA to better understand its role in meningococcal pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy. Glycan array analysis revealed binding to 28 structures by recombinant NHBA. Surface plasmon resonance was used to confirm the binding phenotype and to determine the affinity of the interactions. These studies revealed that the highest affinity binding of NHBA was with chondroitin sulfate (KD = 5.2 nM). This affinity is 10-fold higher than observed for heparin. Analysis of binding with well-defined disaccharides of the different chondroitin sulfate types demonstrated that the most preferred ligand has a sulfate at the 2 position of the GlcA/IdoA and 6 position of the GalNAc, which is an equivalent structure to chondroitin sulfate D. Chondroitin sulfate is widely expressed in human tissues, while chondroitin sulfate D is predominantly expressed in the brain and may constitute a new receptor structure for meningococci.
CsrA and its regulators control the time-point of ColicinE2 release in Escherichia coli
Authors: Götz Alexandra , Lechner Matthias , Mader Andreas , von Bronk Benedikt , Frey Erwin , Opitz Madeleine
Published: April 2018

The bacterial SOS response is a cellular reaction to DNA damage, that, among other actions, triggers the expression of colicin - toxic bacteriocins in Escherichia coli that are released to kill close relatives competing for resources. However, it is largely unknown, how the complex network regulating toxin expression controls the time-point of toxin release to prevent premature release of inefficient protein concentrations. Here, we study how different regulatory mechanisms affect production and release of the bacteriocin ColicinE2 in Escherichia coli. Combining experimental and theoretical approaches, we demonstrate that the global carbon storage regulator CsrA controls the duration of the delay between toxin production and release and emphasize the importance of CsrA sequestering elements for the timing of ColicinE2 release. In particular, we show that ssDNA originating from rolling-circle replication of the toxin-producing plasmid represents a yet unknown additional CsrA sequestering element, which is essential in the ColicinE2-producing strain to enable toxin release by reducing the amount of free CsrA molecules in the bacterial cell. Taken together, our findings show that CsrA times ColicinE2 release and reveal a dual function for CsrA as an ssDNA and mRNA-binding protein, introducing ssDNA as an important post-transcriptional gene regulatory element.
Deletion at the 5’-end of Estonian ASFV strains associated with an attenuated phenotype
Authors: Zani Laura , Forth Jan Hendrik , Forth Leonie , Nurmoja Imbi , Leidenberger Simone , Henke Julia , Carlson Jolene , Breidenstein Christiane , Viltrop Arvo , Höper Dirk , Sauter-Louis Carola , Beer Martin , Blome Sandra
Published: April 2018

African swine fever (ASF) was introduced into the Eastern European Union in 2014 and led to considerable mortality among wild boar. In contrast, unexpected high antibody prevalence was reported in hunted wild boar in north-eastern Estonia. One of the causative virus strains was recently characterized. While it still showed rather high virulence in the majority of experimentally infected animals, one animal survived and recovered completely. Here, we report on the follow-up characterization of the isolate obtained from the survivor in the acute phase of infection. As a first step, three in vivo experiments were performed with different types of pigs: twelve minipigs (trial A), five domestic pigs (trial B), and five wild boar (trial C) were inoculated. 75% of the minipigs and all domestic pigs recovered after an acute course of disease. However, all wild boar succumbed to infection within 17 days. Representative samples were sequenced using NGS-technologies, and whole-genomes were compared to ASFV “Georgia 2007/1”. The alignments indicated a deletion of 14560 base pairs at the 5’ end, and genome reorganization by duplication. The characteristic deletion was confirmed in all trial samples and local field samples. In conclusion, an ASFV variant was found in Estonia that showed reduced virulence.
Associations of obstructive sleep apnea with truncal skeletal muscle mass and density
Authors: Matsumoto Takeshi , Tanizawa Kiminobu , Tachikawa Ryo , Murase Kimihiko , Minami Takuma , Inouchi Morito , Handa Tomohiro , Oga Toru , Hirai Toyohiro , Chin Kazuo
Published: April 2018

Sarcopenia has been associated with several conditions relevant to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), such as aging and obesity, but a direct relationship between OSA and skeletal muscle alterations has not been identified. This study investigated associations between computed tomography (CT)-measured skeletal muscle indices and OSA severity. Analyzed were 334 patients who underwent polysomnography to diagnose OSA. Lumbar skeletal muscles were assessed with CT for the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, cross-sectional area, normalized for height squared) and skeletal muscle density (SMD, fat infiltration). The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) correlated positively with the SMI and negatively with SMD in both men and women. The AHI was weakly associated with SMI only in men (β = 0.11, P = 0.017) after adjustment for the body mass index (BMI) (BMI: β = 0.61, P < 0.001 in men, β = 0.65, P < 0.001 in women). The association of AHI and SMD was not significant after adjustment for BMI (BMI: β = −0.42, P < 0.001 in men, β = −0.64, P < 0.001 in women). Severity of OSA correlated with increases in skeletal muscle mass rather than muscle depletion and skeletal muscle adiposity. These associations were limited compared with the stronger associations between obesity and skeletal muscles.
Rigid and concave, 2,4-cis-substituted azetidine derivatives: A platform for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Yoshizawa Akina , Feula Antonio , Male Louise , Leach Andrew G. , Fossey John S.
Published: April 2018

A series of single enantiomer, 2,4-cis-disubstituted amino azetidines were synthesised and used as ligands for copper-catalysed Henry reactions of aldehydes with nitromethane. Optimisation of ligand substituents and the reaction conditions was conducted. The enantiomeric excess of the formed products was highest when alkyl aldehydes were employed in the reaction (>99% e.e.). The absolute stereochemistry of one representative azetidine derivative salt was determined by analysis of the Flack parameter of an XRD single crystal structure. The origin of selectivity in catalysis was investigated computationally, revealing the importance of the amino-substituent in determining the stereochemical outcome. A racemic platinum complex of a cis-disubstituted azetidine is examined by XRD single crystal structure analysis with reference to its steric parameters, and analogies to the computationally determined copper complex catalyst are drawn. A preliminary example of the use of a cis-disubstituted azetidine scaffold in thiourea H-bonding catalyst is noted in the supporting information.
Cerebral oxygen saturation and peripheral perfusion in the extremely premature infant with intraventricular and/or pulmonary haemorrhage early in life
Authors: Beausoleil Thierry P. , Janaillac Marie , Barrington Keith J. , Lapointe Anie , Dehaes Mathieu
Published: April 2018

Extremely preterm infants are at higher risk of pulmonary (PH) and intraventricular (IVH) haemorrhage during the transitioning physiology due to immature cardiovascular system. Monitoring of haemodynamics can detect early abnormal circulation that may lead to these complications. We described time-frequency relationships between near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral regional haemoglobin oxygen saturation (CrSO2) and preductal peripheral perfusion index (PI), capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in extremely preterm infants in the first 72 h of life. Patients were sub-grouped in infants with PH and/or IVH (N
H
 = 8) and healthy controls (N
C
 = 11). Data were decomposed in wavelets allowing the analysis of localized variations of power. This approach allowed to quantify the percentage of time of significant cross-correlation, semblance, gain (transfer function) and coherence between signals. Ultra-low frequencies (<0.28 mHz) were analyzed as slow and prolonged periods of impaired circulation are considered more detrimental than transient fluctuations. Cross-correlation between CrSO2 and oximetry (PI, SpO2 and HR) as well as in-phase semblance and gain between CrSO2 and HR were significantly lower while anti-phase semblance between CrSO2 and HR was significantly higher in PH-IVH infants compared to controls. These differences may reflect haemodynamic instability associated with cerebrovascular autoregulation and hemorrhagic complications observed during the transitioning physiology.
Magnetic carboxyl functional nanoporous polymer: synthesis, characterization and its application for methylene blue adsorption
Authors: Su Hongxin , Li Weiwei , Han Yide , Liu Ningning
Published: April 2018

Magnetic carboxyl functional nanoporous polymer (MCFNP) was chemically fabricated by incorporation of magnetic Fe3O4 precursor into the carboxyl functional nanoporous polymer (CFNP). The as-synthesized MCFNP was characterized and used as an adsorbent for rapid adsorption removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. Several experimental parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency were investigated including initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial MB concentration, contact time and temperature. The adsorption behavior of MCFNP displayed that adsorption kinetics and isotherms could be well fitted to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The experimental results showed that MCFNP was an effective adsorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 57.74 mg g−1 for MB at 298 K. The negative free energy (ΔG) and positive enthalpy change (ΔH) confirmed that the adsorption reaction was a spontaneous and endothermic process. In addition, ethanol was used as an effective extractant for the regeneration of MCFNP, and the adsorption efficiency could remain 80% after the ninth regeneration cycle.
Chiral self-sorting process in the self-assembly of homochiral coordination cages from axially chiral ligands
Authors: Tateishi Tomoki , Kojima Tatsuo , Hiraoka Shuichi
Published: April 2018

Chiral self-sorting is a phenomenon wherein racemic components are spontaneously sorted into homo- or heterochiral molecular assemblies through chiral discrimination between the components. Chiral self-sorting may be related to biological molecular systems where chiral biomolecules are concerned, but the detail of this sorting process has been unclear. Here we show the chiral self-sorting process in the formation of a homochiral Pd2L4 coordination cage from a racemic mixture of a binaphthol-based ditopic ligand by quantitative analysis of self-assembly process (QASAP). The self-assembly of the cage mainly takes place through two pathways that branch off from the intermolecular reaction of mononuclear complexes. Even though the homochiral cages are thermodynamically the most stable, heterochiral intermediates were preferentially produced at first under kinetic control, which were eventually converted into the homochiral cages. Our results reveal complicated pathways in chiral self-sorting.
Synthesis of pyrroles via ruthenium-catalyzed nitrogen-transfer [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes using sulfoximines as nitrene surrogates
Authors: Matsui Kazuma , Shibuya Masatoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko
Published: April 2018

Pyrrole is a privileged five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycle, which is ubiquitous in natural products, drug molecules, and functional materials. Therefore, numerous synthetic routes to substituted pyrroles have been extensively developed. Nevertheless, the efficient and short-step synthesis of highly substituted and/or fused pyrroles has remained a significant challenge in organic chemistry. Here we report a ruthenium-catalyzed nitrogen-transfer [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes involving cyclic biscarbenoid intermediates. To achieve the key nitrogen transfer to carbenoid carbons, sulfoximines are employed as nitrene surrogates. Consequently, diverse fused pyrroles are successfully synthesized in good yields with wide functional group compatibility. Moreover, this method allows the synthesis of N-alkyl, N-aryl, and even N-H pyrroles, which are difficult to obtain using previous [2 + 2 + 1]-type reactions. Nitrogen transfer from sulfoximines to cyclic biscarbenoid intermediates is supported by density functional theory calculations and control experiments.
CaMoO4 nanosheet arrays for efficient and durable water oxidation electrocatalysis under alkaline conditions
Authors: Gou Ying , Liu Qin , Shi Xifeng , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hu Jianming , Sun Xuping
Published: April 2018

CaMoO4 nanosheet arrays grown in situ on nickel foam (CaMoO4/NF) act as a superior 3D catalyst electrode for alkaline water oxidation with high long-term durability.
Identifying the potential of pulsed LED irradiation in synthesis: copper-photocatalysed C–F functionalisation
Authors: Nicholls Thomas P. , Robertson Johnathon C. , Gardiner Michael G. , Bissember Alex C.
Published: April 2018

The results of a proof-of-concept study demonstrate for the first time that pulsed LED irradiation enhances the rate of product formation and the yield of a visible light-mediated photoredox-catalysed reaction.
Electrochemical dehydrogenative cyclization of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
Authors: Wu Zheng-Jian , Li Shi-Rui , Long Hao , Xu Hai-Chao
Published: April 2018

The intramolecular C(sp3)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-coupling of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been achieved through Cp2Fe-catalyzed electrochemical oxidation.
The fate of plasma-generated oxygen atoms in aqueous solutions: non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasmas as an efficient source of atomic O(aq)
Authors: Benedikt J. , Mokhtar Hefny M. , Shaw A. , Buckley B. R. , Iza F. , Schäkermann S. , Bandow J. E.
Published: April 2018

It is demonstrated with help of18O2labeling that O(aq)is stable in water and can directly react with dissolved molecules.
Vibronic relaxation energies of acene-related molecules upon excitation or ionization
Authors: Andrzejak Marcin , Petelenz Piotr
Published: April 2018

Effective-mode Franck–Condon parameters evaluation for excited state ionization from the corresponding excitation and ground-state ionization values leads to substantial errors.
Isolation of EPR spectra and estimation of spin-states in two-component mixtures of paramagnets
Authors: Chabbra Sonia , Smith David M. , Bode Bela E.
Published: April 2018

The isolation of component EPR spectra and identification of electron spin multiplicity is explored in an industrially relevant precatalyst system.
Furan-2-carbaldehydes as C1 building blocks for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via ligand-free photocatalytic C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Yu Wenjia , Zhang Xianwei , Qin Bingjie , Wang Qiyang , Ren Xuhong , He Xinhua
Published: April 2018

Simple and inexpensive: The biomass-derived chemicals furan-2-carbaldehydes are efficient green C1 building blocks for the synthesis of biologically interesting quinazolin-4(3H)-ones via ligand-free photocatalytic C–C bond cleavage.
Enhanced photostability of cuprous oxide by lignin films on glassy carbon electrodes in the transformation of carbon dioxide
Authors: Landaeta Esteban , Schultz Zachary D. , Burgos Ana , Schrebler Ricardo , Isaacs Mauricio
Published: April 2018

Lignin is a residual product can be reused for stabilize Cu2O on modified electrodes in CO2reduction.
Spin-induced magnetic anisotropy in novel Co-doped GaN nanoneedles and their related photoluminescence
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umair , Duan Zhao , Farooq Muhammad Ismail , Fatima Khushbu , Khan Muhammad Abubaker , Zhang Li , Liu Yuting , Yousaf Muhammad , Zou Bingsuo
Published: April 2018

We demonstrate the formation and excitation of exciton magnetic polarons (EMPs) and bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) in novel Co-doped GaN.
A bifunctional NiCo2S4/reduced graphene oxide@polyaniline nanocomposite as a highly-efficient electrode for glucose and rutin detection
Authors: Wang Yanying , Zhong Ji , Ding Fang , Zhao Qingbiao , Zhang Zhaoyi , Liu Xin , Liu Yiting , Rao Hanbing , Zou Ping , Wang Xianxiang
Published: April 2018

A novel NiCo2S4/reduced graphene oxide@polyaniline (NiCo2S4/rGO@PANI) composite was synthesized by a facile two-step hydrothermal treatment and calcination, which was coupled with an in situ polymerization process.
Regiospecific and stereoselective synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-2-phosphino-1-alkenyl boronates via Cu-catalyzed hydroboration of alkynylphosphines
Authors: Song Liubing , Ma Xufeng , Xu Sheng , Shi Min , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2018

The regiospecific and stereoselective synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-2-phosphino-1-alkenyl boronates via Cu-catalyzed hydroboration of alkynylphosphines has been developed.
Discrete oligodimethylsiloxane–oligomethylene di- and triblock co-oligomers: synthesis, self-assembly and molecular organisation
Authors: van Genabeek Bas , de Waal Bas F. M. , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W.
Published: April 2018

A new class of discrete-length block co-oligomers comprising oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) and oligomethylene (oM) is presented.
A comparative study of intrachain cyclization and solution properties of long-subchain hyperbranched polymers preparedviaY-type and V-type macromonomer approaches
Authors: Zhu Mo , Hao Nairong , Yang Jinxian , Li Lianwei
Published: April 2018

V-type (B∼∼A∼∼B) and Y-type (A∼∼∼∼B2) macromonomer approaches are two of the most widely adopted synthetic methodologies for the preparation of long-subchain hyperbranched polymers (LHPs) with a controlled subchain length.
Precise synthesis of poly(N-acryloyl amino acid) through photoinduced living polymerization
Authors: Li Guofeng , Feng Wenli , Corrigan Nathaniel , Boyer Cyrille , Wang Xing , Xu Jiangtao
Published: April 2018

A library ofN-acryloylamino acid polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn< 1.20) was created by a universal and versatile photoinduced living radical polymerization technique.
Enzyme-free ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of epithelial cell adhesion molecules based on a toehold-aided DNA recycling amplification strategy
Authors: Chen Jishun , Shang Bing , Zhang Hua , Zhu Zhengpeng , Chen Long , Wang Hongmei , Ran Fengying , Chen Qinhua , Chen Jun
Published: April 2018

A fluorescent biosensor with a combined aptamer-based EpCAM recognition and toehold-aided DNA recycling amplification strategy was developed.
Efficient activation of persulfate by Fe3O4@β-cyclodextrin nanocomposite for removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Zhu Yanyan , Yue Min , Natarajan Vinothkumar , Kong Lingshuai , Ma Long , Zhang Yuqiang , Zhao Quanqin , Zhan Jinhua
Published: April 2018

Persulfate (PS), the most commonly used activator forin situchemical oxidation (ISCO), could couple with Fe3O4@β-CD for effectively degrading BPA.
Mn–Fe nanoparticles on a reduced graphene oxide catalyst for enhanced olefin production from syngas in a slurry reactor
Authors: Nasser AL-Hassan , Guo Lisheng , ELnaggar Hamada , Wang Yang , Guo Xiaoyu , AbdelMoneim Ahmed , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: April 2018

Mn acted as a promoter by forming a Mn-rich layer around a core rich in Fe. The outer layer hindered the formation of magnetite, and impeded H2 adsorption whilst encouraging CO dissociative adsorption, which gave the perfect conditions for olefin production.
Function-oriented ionic polymers having high-density active sites for sustainable carbon dioxide conversion
Authors: Chen Yaju , Luo Rongchang , Bao Junhui , Xu Qihang , Jiang Jun , Zhou Xiantai , Ji Hongbing
Published: April 2018

Based on the concept of function-oriented synthesis, we pertinently developed a series of new functional ionic polymers, which exhibited good catalytic performance, robust constancy, and excellent substrate expansibility for sustainable catalysis of CO2-involved reactions.
A high performance electrochemical deionization method to desalinate brackish water with an FePO4/RGO nanocomposite
Authors: Guo Lu , Huang Yinxi , Ding Meng , Leong Zhi Yi , Vafakhah Sareh , Yang Hui Ying
Published: April 2018

Electrochemical deionization (EDI) method achieves excellent deionization performance with a faradaic mechanism, which is a promising technique can be applied in seawater desalination.
Thermally induced migration of a polyoxometalate within a metal–organic framework and its catalytic effects
Authors: Buru Cassandra T. , Platero-Prats Ana. E. , Chica Daniel G. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Chapman Karena W. , Farha Omar K.
Published: April 2018

A polyoxometalate supported by the metal–organic framework, NU-1000, undergoes migration from the mesopore to the micropore when heated.
Galectin-3 down-regulates antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 in human cardiac fibroblasts: a new pathway to induce cardiac damage
Authors: Ibarrola Jaime , Arrieta Vanessa , Sádaba Rafael , Martinez-Martinez Ernesto , Garcia-Peña Amaia , Alvarez Virginia , Fernández-Celis Amaya , Gainza Alicia , Santamaría Enrique , Fernández-Irigoyen Joaquin , Cachofeiro Victoria , Zalba Guillermo , Fay Renaud , Rossignol Patrick , López-Andrés Natalia
Published: April 2018

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is increased in heart failure (HF) and promotes cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. We investigated whether Gal-3 modulates oxidative stress in human cardiac fibroblasts, in experimental animal models and in human aortic stenosis (AS). Using proteomics and immunodetection approaches, we have identified that Gal-3 down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. In parallel, Gal-3 increased peroxide, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and N-carboxymethyl-lysine levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity. Gal-3 decreased prohibitin-2 expression without modifying other mitochondrial proteins. Prx-4 silencing increased oxidative stress markers. In Gal-3-silenced cells and in heart from Gal-3 knockout mice, Prx-4 was increased and oxidative stress markers were decreased. Pharmacological inhibition of Gal-3 with modified citrus pectin restored cardiac Prx-4 as well as prohibitin-2 levels and improved oxidative status in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In serum from 87 patients with AS, Gal-3 negatively correlated with total antioxidant capacity and positively correlated with peroxide. In myocardial biopsies from 26 AS patients, Gal-3 up-regulation paralleled a decrease in Prx-4 and in prohibitin-2. Cardiac Gal-3 inversely correlated with Prx-4 levels in myocardial biopsies. These data suggest that Gal-3 decreased Prx-4 antioxidant system in cardiac fibroblasts, increasing oxidative stress. In pathological models presenting enhanced cardiac Gal-3, the decrease in Prx-4 expression paralleled increased oxidative stress. Gal-3 blockade restored Prx-4 expression and improved oxidative stress status. In AS, circulating levels of Gal-3 could reflect oxidative stress. The alteration of the balance between antioxidant systems and reactive oxygen species production could be a new pathogenic mechanism by which Gal-3 induces cardiac damage in HF.
Coherent integration for uniformly moving target detection
Authors: Gao Yesheng , Huang Penghui , Liu Xingzhao
Published: April 2018

This Letter addresses the coherent integration problem for air and space moving target detection in a staggered pulse repetition interval (PRI) radar system. In this algorithm, a range‐compressed signal is firstly transformed into the one in the range frequency domain, and then the authors resample the non‐uniformly sampled signal into a uniform grid along azimuth direction. Subsequently, the well‐known Keystone transform is applied to compensate the range cell migration caused by target motion. Finally, a moving target can be well focused in the range‐Doppler domain after motion compensation. Simulated results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Two new magnetic cataclysmic variables discovered in the 3XMM catalogue
Authors: Webb N. A. , Schwope A. , Zolotukhin I. , Lin D. , Rosen S. R.
Published: April 2018

Context. X-ray catalogues provide a wealth of information on many source types, ranging from compact objects to galaxies, clusters of galaxies, stars, and even planets. Thanks to the huge volume of X-ray sources provided in the 3XMM catalogue, along with many source specific products, many new examples from rare classes of sources can be identified.

Aims. Through visualising spectra and lightcurves from about 80 observations included in the incremental part of the 3XMM catalogue, 3XMM-DR5, as part of the quality control of the catalogue, we identified two new X-ray sources, 3XMM J183333.1+225136 and 3XMM J184916.1+652943, that were highly variable. This work aims to investigate their nature.

Methods. Through simple model fitting of the X-ray spectra and analysis of the X-ray lightcurves of 3XMM J183333.1+225136 and 3XMM J184916.1+652943, along with complementary photometry from theXMM-NewtonOptical Monitor, Pan-STARRS and the Stella/WiFSIP and Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) spectra, we suggest that the two sources might be magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs) of the polar type and we determine some of their properties.

Results. Both CVs have very hard spectra, showing no soft excess. They are both situated in the local neighbourhood, located within ~1 kpc. 3XMM J183333.1+225136 has an orbital period of 2.15 h. It shows features in the lightcurve that may be a total eclipse of the white dwarf. 3XMM J184916.1+652943 has an orbital period of 1.6 h. Given that only a small sky area was searched to identify these CVs, future sensitive all sky surveys such as the eROSITA project should be very successful at uncovering large numbers of such sources.
Mikroalgen in der Humanernährung – eine sinnvolle Zukunftsperspektive?
Authors: Neumann Ulrike , Bischoff Stephan
Published: April 2018

Unter Mikroalgen fasst man mikroskopisch kleine, Fotosynthese betreibende Organismen zusammen, die in aquatischen Umgebungen vorkommen. Sie enthalten eine Vielzahl von Nährstoffen, darunter auch Proteine, Kohlenhydrate, Carotinoide, Vitamine, Mineralstoffe und Fettsäuren. In Lebensmitteln verarbeitet findet man heutzutage vor allem die Grünalge Chlorella und das Cyanobakterium Arthrospira.

Die steigende Weltbevölkerung bei gleichzeitig begrenztem Ackerland wird in den nächsten Jahren zu einer noch stärkeren Nahrungsmittelknappheit führen. Aus diesem Grund sind Mikroalgen in den vergangenen Jahren in den Fokus der Wissenschaft gerückt. Neben einem guten Nährstoffprofil sind sie nämlich nicht auf landwirtschaftliche Nutzflächen angewiesen, sondern können in Ponds oder Fotobioreaktoren gezüchtet werden.

Allerdings sind Mikroalgen bisher noch wenig in der menschlichen Ernährung verbreitet. Dies könnte zum einen daran liegen, dass bislang nur wenige der über 200 000 Arten für den menschlichen Konsum zugelassen sind. Des Weiteren spielen vor allem die Geschmacksveränderungen, die mit einem erhöhten Mikroalgenanteil einhergehen, und die hohen Produktionskosten eine große Rolle.

Nichtsdestotrotz weisen Mikroalgen eine Vielzahl von bioaktiven Komponenten auf, die potenzielle gesundheitliche Vorteile besitzen. Neben immunmodulatorischen und antioxidativen Effekten weisen sie präbiotische, antivirale und entgiftende Wirkungen auf. Außerdem sind Mikroalgen eine vegane Quelle für Omega-3-Fettsäuren, was zum Schutz der Ressource Fisch beitragen könnte.

Mikroalgen besitzen ein großes Potenzial als nachhaltiges Nahrungsmittel, das über Makro- und Mikronährstoffe verfügt, sowie als gesundheitsfördernde Nutraceuticals, die einen positiven Mehrwert für die menschliche Gesundheit liefern können. Dennoch steckt die Forschung zu ihnen noch in den Kinderschuhen und die nahe Zukunft wird Aufschluss darüber geben, ob sie auch in Zukunft fester Bestandteil unserer Ernährung werden.
Minimally Invasive, Isolated Tricuspid Valve Redo Surgery: A Safety and Outcome Analysis
Authors: Färber Gloria , Tkebuchava Sophie , Dawson Rodolfo , Kirov Hristo , Diab Mahmoud , Schlattmann Peter , Doenst Torsten
Published: April 2018

Background Isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery is considered a high risk-procedure. The optimal surgical approach is controversial. We analyzed our experience with isolated TV redo surgery performed either minimally invasively (redo-MITS) or through sternotomy.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients with previous cardiac surgery who underwent redo-MITS (n = 26) and compared them to redo-Sternotomy (n = 17). A group of primary-MITS (n = 61) served as control.

Results The redo-MITS approach consisted of a right anterolateral mini-thoracotomy, transpericardial right atrial access, and beating heart TV surgery without caval occlusion. Redo-MITS patients were oldest and had the most comorbidities (EuroScore II: 9.83 ± 6.05% versus redo-Sternotomy: 8.42 ± 7.33% versus primary-MITS: 4.15 ± 4.84%). There were no intraoperative complications or conversions to sternotomy in both MITS groups. Redo-Sternotomy had the highest 30-day mortality (24%), the poorest long-term survival, and the highest perioperative complication rate. Redo-MITS did not differ in perioperative outcome from primary-MITS. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified redo-Sternotomy (odds ratio [OR] = 9.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88–63.26), liver cirrhosis (OR = 9.88; 95% CI 2.20–54.20), and body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.35) as independent predictors of 30-day mortality. The Cox model revealed redo-Sternotomy (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.67; 95% CI 1.18–6.03), liver cirrhosis (HR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.45–7.58), and pulmonary hypertension (HR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.04–4.92) as risk factors for poor long-term survival. TV surgery significantly reduces NYHA class.

Conclusion Minimally invasive, isolated TV surgery as reoperation without caval occlusion and on the beating heart can be safe and may improve clinical outcome.
SAPHO and CRMO: The Value of Imaging
Authors: Klicman Rikke , Simoni Paolo , Robinson Philip , Teh James , Jurik Anne
Published: April 2018

The syndromes synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) constitute a group of chronic relapsing inflammatory osteoarticular disorders with frequently associated skin eruptions such as palmoplantar pustulosis and acne conglobata and rather characteristic imaging features in the form of osteitis and/or hyperostosis. CRMO predominantly occurs in children/adolescents and SAPHO in adults. Any skeletal site can be involved, and the imaging appearances vary, depending on the patient's age and the stage/age of the lesion. The diagnosis may be difficult if there is no skin disease, but attention to characteristic imaging appearances may help avoid misdiagnosis (e.g., infection and tumor) and thereby unnecessary invasive procedures as well as facilitating early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This article provides an overview of the radiologic appearances of SAPHO/CRMO and relevant pathogenetic, clinical, and pathologic features to facilitate the diagnosis that often requires an interdisciplinary approach including radiologists.
Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Non-RA Connective Tissue Diseases: Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Still's Disease, Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis, Sjögren's Syndrome, and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Larkman Neal , O'Connor Phil , Cotten Anne , Jacques Thibaut
Published: April 2018

The most common systemic rheumatologic conditions are connective tissue diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) followed by spondyloarthropathy. With the advent of biotherapies and imaging biomarkers, development in the imaging of RA and spondyloarthropathies has received substantial attention in the literature. This article details the various musculoskeletal imaging features of the other connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma and progressive systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Still's disease, dermatomyositis and polymyositis, Sjögren's syndrome, and mixed connective tissue disease.
Successful replantation of the scalp with a good aesthetic outcome and return of sensation – a case report and literature
update.
Authors: Ulatowski Lukasz , Kaniewska Anna
Published: April 2018

Replantation of a totally avulsed scalp is a demanding microsurgical procedure with no good alternatives. Here, we present a case of successful scalp
replantation after 11 hours of cold ischemia in a 24-year-old woman. The steps of the procedure, the outcomes, and a review of the literature are presented.
Adhering to the steps outlined in this report during replantation is vital for success, and allows the serious complications and pitfalls associated with this
procedure to be avoided. Following basic plastic surgery principles leads to better aesthetic outcomes. We observed good, even hair growth, and the return of
sensation to the skin and frontal muscle function. Replantation of an avulsed scalp is an effective treatment that allows the patient to return to normal life
after severe physical and psychological trauma.
Chemical waves in the O2 + H2 reaction on a Rh(111) surface alloyed with nickel. II. Photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy
Authors: Smolinsky Tim , Homann Mathias , von Boehn Bernhard , Gregoratti Luca , Amati Matteo , Al-Hada Mohamed , Sezen Hikmet , Imbihl Ronald
Published: April 2018

Chemical waves in the H2 + O2 reaction on a Rh(111) surface alloyed with Ni [ΘNi < 1.5 monolayers (ML)] have been investigated in the 10−7 and 10−6 mbar range at T = 773 K using scanning photoelectron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as in situ methods. The local intensity variations of the O 1s and the Ni 2p signal display an anticorrelated behavior. The coincidence of a high oxygen signal with a low Ni 2p intensity, which seemingly contradicts the chemical attraction between O and Ni, has been explained with a phase separation of the oxygen covered Rh(111)/Ni surface into a 3D-Ni oxide and into a Ni poor metallic phase. Macroscopic NiO islands (≈1 μm size) formed under reaction conditions have been identified as 2D-Ni oxide. Titration experiments of the oxygen covered Rh(111)/Ni surface with H2 demonstrated that the reactivity of oxygen is decreased by an order of magnitude through the addition of 0.6 ML Ni. An excitation mechanism is proposed in which the periodic formation and reduction of NiO modulate the catalytic activity.
Excitation of half-integer up-shifted decay channel and quasi-mode in plasma edge for high power electron Bernstein wave heating scenario
Authors: Ali Asgarian M. , Abbasi M.
Published: April 2018

Electron Bernstein waves (EBW) consist of promising tools in driving localized off-axis current needed for sustained operation as well as effective selective heating scenarios in advanced over dense fusion plasmas like spherical tori and stellarators by applying high power radio frequency waves within the range of Megawatts. Here some serious non-linear effects like parametric decay modes are highly expect-able which have been extensively studied theoretically and experimentally. In general, the decay of an EBW depends on the ratio of the incident frequency and electron cyclotron frequency. At ratios less than two, parametric decay leads to a lower hybrid wave (or an ion Bernstein wave) and EBWs at a lower frequency. For ratios more than two, the daughter waves constitute either an electron cyclotron quasi-mode and another EBW or an ion wave and EBW. However, in contrast with these decay patterns, the excitation of an unusual up-shifted frequency decay channel for the ratio less than two is demonstrated in this study which is totally different as to its generation and persistence. It is shown that this mode varies from the conventional parametric decay channels which necessarily satisfy the matching conditions in frequency and wave-vector. Moreover, the excitation of some less-known local non-propagating quasi-modes (virtual modes) through weak-turbulence theory and their contributions to energy leakage from conversion process leading the reduction in conversion efficiency is assessed.
Constructing experimental devices for half-ton synthesis of gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator and its performance
Authors: Park Young Seo , Jang Yeong Min , Joo Kyung Kwang
Published: April 2018

This paper describes in brief features of various experimental devices constructed for half-ton synthesis of gadolinium(Gd)-loaded liquid scintillator (GdLS) and also includes the performances and detailed chemical and physical results of a 0.5% high-concentration GdLS. Various feasibility studies on useful apparatus used for loading Gd into solvents have been carried out. The transmittance, Gd concentration, density, light yield, and moisture content were measured for quality control. We show that with the help of adequate automated experimental devices and tools, it is possible to perform ton scale synthesis of GdLS at moderate laboratory scale without difficulty. The synthesized GdLS was satisfactory to meet chemical, optical, and physical properties and various safety requirements. These synthesizing devices can be expanded into massive scale next-generation neutrino experiments of several hundred tons.
Electric field modulated ferromagnetism in ZnO films deposited at room temperature
Authors: Bu Jianpei , Liu Xinran , Hao Yanming , Zhou Guangjun , Cheng Bin , Huang Wei , Xie Jihao , Zhang Heng , Qin Hongwei , Hu Jifan
Published: April 2018

The ZnO film deposited at room temperature, which is composed of the amorphous-phase background plus a few nanograins or nanoclusters (about 1–2 nm), exhibits room temperature ferromagnetism (FM). Such FM is found to be connected with oxygen vacancies. For the Ta/ZnO/Pt device based on the medium layer ZnO deposited at room temperature, the saturation magnetization not only is modulated between high and low resistive states by electric voltage with DC loop electric current but also increases/decreases through adjusting the magnitudes of positive/negative DC sweeping voltage. Meanwhile, the voltage-controlled conductance quantization is observed in Ta/ZnO/Pt, accompanying the voltage-controlled magnetization. However, the saturation magnetization of the Ta/ZnO/Pt device becomes smaller under positive electric voltage and returns in some extent under negative electric voltage, when the DC loop electric current is not applied.
Characterization of SiO2/SiC interface states and channel mobility from MOSFET characteristics including variable-range hopping at cryogenic temperature
Authors: Yoshioka Hironori , Hirata Kazuto
Published: April 2018

The characteristics of SiC MOSFETs (drain current vs. gate voltage) were measured at 0.14−350 K and analyzed considering variable-range hopping conduction through interface states. The total interface state density was determined to be 5.4×1012 cm−2 from the additional shift in the threshold gate voltage with a temperature change. The wave-function size of interface states was determined from the temperature dependence of the measured hopping current and was comparable to the theoretical value. The channel mobility was approximately 100 cm2V−1s−1 and was almost independent of temperature.
Multiple large-scale gene and genome duplications during the evolution of hexapods
Authors: Li Zheng , Tiley George P. , Galuska Sally R. , Reardon Chris R. , Kidder Thomas I. , Rundell Rebecca J. , Barker Michael S.
Published: April 2018

Significance

Polyploidy or whole genome duplication (WGD) is considered a major force in plant evolution, but less important in animals. The most diverse group of animals, the insects, are thought to have evolved without ever experiencing a WGD. Our analyses of diverse genomic data found evidence for 18 ancient WGDs and at least six other bursts of gene duplication during the evolution of insects. Further, we found that the functional patterns of gene retention and loss in these insect genomes are consistent with the signatures of WGDs. The expanding collection of genomic data for insects will provide many opportunities to further evaluate the evidence for WGDs and understand the impact of polyploidy on insect evolution.
Rapid selection of a pyrethroid metabolic enzyme CYP9K1 by operational malaria control activities
Authors: Vontas John , Grigoraki Linda , Morgan John , Tsakireli Dimitra , Fuseini Godwin , Segura Luis , Niemczura de Carvalho Julie , Nguema Raul , Weetman David , Slotman Michel A. , Hemingway Janet
Published: April 2018

Significance

Eliminating malaria from islands should, in theory, be easier than eliminating malaria from countries in mainland Africa because of restricted movement of insects and people between treated and untreated areas. The example of Bioko Island, where the entomological inoculation rate in 2004 was among the highest in Africa, demonstrates how difficult this can be. Vector control has eliminated two of the four vector species, and malaria has been dramatically reduced. This study demonstrates rapid evolution of resistance following reintroduction of pyrethroid-based control interventions, with the selection of a P450-based mechanism (CYP9K1). Urban malaria, movement of infected people from the mainland, and selection of this pyrethroid-resistance mechanism in addition to knockdown resistance has impeded progress and forced a change to nonpyrethroid indoor residual spraying.
Ribosomal DNA copy loss and repeat instability in ATRX-mutated cancers
Authors: Udugama Maheshi , Sanij Elaine , Voon Hsiao P. J. , Son Jinbae , Hii Linda , Henson Jeremy D. , Chan F. Lyn , Chang Fiona T. M. , Liu Yumei , Pearson Richard B. , Kalitsis Paul , Mann Jeffrey R. , Collas Philippe , Hannan Ross D. , Wong Lee H.
Published: April 2018

Significance

We demonstrate that ATRX maintains ribosomal DNA (rDNA) heterochromatin formation and stability. ATRX-depleted cells suffer extensive rDNA copy loss, resulting in a reduced ribosomal RNA transcription output and an increased sensitivity to RNA polymerase I (Pol I) inhibition. Supporting these data, we have also detected reduced rDNA copy in ATRX mutated ALT-positive human primary tumor samples and increased sensitivity of human ALT cancer cell lines to RNA Pol I transcription inhibitor. Our study highlights the therapeutic potential of Pol I transcription inhibitors for the treatment of ATRX-mutated cancers.
Fully reduced HMGB1 accelerates the regeneration of multiple tissues by transitioning stem cells to G
Alert
Authors: Lee Geoffrey , Espirito Santo Ana Isabel , Zwingenberger Stefan , Cai Lawrence , Vogl Thomas , Feldmann Marc , Horwood Nicole J. , Chan James K. , Nanchahal Jagdeep
Published: April 2018

Significance

While stem cell therapy has become the standard of care for hematological disorders, challenges remain for the treatment of solid organ injuries. Targeting endogenous cells would overcome many hurdles associated with exogenous stem cell therapy. Alarmins are released upon tissue damage, and here we describe how upregulation of a physiological pathway by exogenous administration of a single dose of HMGB1, either locally or systemically, promotes tissue repair by targeting endogenous stem cells. We show that HMGB1 complexed with CXCL12 transitions stem cells that express CXCR4 from G
0
to G
Alert
. These primed cells rapidly respond to appropriate activating factors released upon injury. HMGB1 promotes healing even if administered 2 wk before injury, thereby expanding its translational benefit for diverse clinical scenarios.
The diachrony of Oceanic possessive classifiers
Authors: Lichtenberk Frank
Published: April 2018

With just a small number of exceptions, Oceanic languages have multiple types of attributive possessive constructions that involve a more or less elaborate system of possessive classifiers. Constructions with possessive classifiers usually serve to express alienable possession. A different construction type, one that does not involve possessive classifiers, is typically used to express inalienable possession. Proto-Oceanic had three possessive classifiers. In some present-day languages the original system of classifiers has been expanded considerably, while in some others it has been reduced or eliminated altogether. In some languages possessive classifiers exist alongside numeral classifiers, but the two systems operate on different principles. The paper investigates the system of possessive constructions in Proto-Oceanic, its emergence and its subsequent developments. It also critically assesses the claim that the Oceanic system with different constructions to express alienable and inalienable possession is the result of contact with Papuan (non-Austronesian) languages.
General description of the metonymy database in the Córdoba project, with particular attention to the issues of hierarchy, prototypicality, and taxonomic domains
Authors: Barcelona Antonio
Published: April 2018

This chapter presents part of the results of our project on metonymy, one of the aims of which is to compile a detailed database of metonymy. The database entry model is first briefly described, but the chapter focuses on the discussion of three issues addressed by four of the database entry fields. The first issue is the hierarchical level at which the metonymy under analysis should be located (fields 2 and 10). The second issue (Field 3) is the metonymy’s degree of prototypicality. The third issue, covered by Field 4, is the type of “taxonomic” domain with source or target role, e.g. “vehicles” and “drivers” in the example of object used for user

The buses are on strike.
How metonymy motivates constructions
Authors: Bierwiaczonek Bogusław
Published: April 2018

This chapter shows how constructional metonymy, whereby a part Y of a grammatical construction X is used to access the whole construction X, leads to the emergence of new grammatical constructions. Such metonymically motivated constructions are called dependent constructions, as opposed to the autonomous constructions they originally targeted. The construction I consider in detail is the monoclausal if-only P construction. I attempt to demonstrate that, contrary to Dancygier and Sweetser’s (2005), there is no single if-only P construction but, rather, a network of at least four if-only P constructions, which differ in their time reference, epistemic stance and illocutionary force. My proposal shows that the emergence of such dependent constructions is usually motivated by the familiar part-for-whole metonymy.
Are smartphone face and Googleheads a real or a fake phenomenon?
Authors: Portero-Muñoz Carmen
Published: April 2018

This paper seeks to provide evidence of the pervasiveness of metonymy as a resource triggering the creation of examples of a remnant category in morphological research, so-called ‘exocentric’ compounds. Exocentricity is not a homogeneous phenomenon in English, where it is typically represented by bahuvrihi compounds, which refer to an entity via a salient property on the basis of the metonymy part for whole. This research starts up with the collection of a corpus of over 300 English compounds with a body-part noun as the right component. As a result of the search, some regions of productivity will be shown to exist, not only by the creation of new instantiations of existing patterns but also by the emergence of new subtypes.