bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering latent profiles of political news consumers and their associations with political views and their extremity
Authors: Sindermann Cornelia
Published: December 2024

In today's high-choice media environment, the relations between news consumption and (extreme) political views receive extensive attention. While social media and news aggregators are often blamed for political polarization, theories from media psychology highlight the importance of additional aspects of news consumption, aside from the media types used, in impacting the formation of political views and thereby, for instance, polarization. However, these aspects are typically studied in isolation, neglecting the heterogeneity in where and how news can be consumed. Based on this observation, the present work investigated the conjoint relations of various aspects of news consumption across media types with political views and their extremity. Study 1 included two samples of N = 714 (sample 1) and N = 721 (sample 2) participants completing an online survey assessing political news consumption habits and general political views, namely, ideology and affective polarization. Study 2 included two samples of N = 725 (sample 3) and N = 713 (sample 4) participants completing scales on issue-specific political views, namely, attitudes on war and the war against Ukraine. Latent Profile Analyses revealed four mostly media type-specific news consumer profiles replicated across samples, indicating that individuals choose one media type, like social media, aggregators, or print media, and devote considerable time to consuming political news from various sources, including attitude-incongruent news and diverse perspectives, from the same selected media type. While these profiles differed on sociodemographic and personality variables, few significant relations were found between these profiles and political views. These findings highlight the complexity of these relations and challenge the assumption that only certain media types, and news consumption via them, drive political extremity.
Competitive funding and academic-industry collaboration: policy trends and insights
Authors: Behfar Stefan Kambiz , Shekhtman Louis , Crowcroft Jon
Published: December 2024

In an era of globalized research endeavors, the interplay between government funding programs, funding decisions, and their influence on successful research collaborations and grant application success rates has emerged as a critical focus of inquiry. This study embarks on an in-depth analysis of cross-country funding dynamics over the past three decades, with a specific emphasis on support for academic-industry collaboration versus sole academic or industry funding. Drawing insights from comprehensive datasets and policy trends, our research illuminates the evolving landscape of research funding and collaboration policies. We examine funding by Innosuisse (Swiss Innovation Project Funding) and SBIR (US Small Business Innovation Research), exploring the rates of future grant success for both academic and industry partners. We find strong evidence of rich-get-richer phenomenon in the Innosuisse program for both academic partners and industry partners in terms of winning future grants. For SBIR we find weaker levels of continued funding to the same partners with most attaining at most a few grants. With the increasing prevalence of academic-industry collaborations among both funders, it is worth considering additional efforts to ensure that novel ideas and new individuals and teams are supported.
Earl Thorfinn of Orkney and the forgotten battle of 1058
Authors: Licence Tom
Published: December 2024

Verses by Arnórr ‘jarls’-poet’, preserved in Orkneyinga saga, describe a battle in which Earl Thorfinn of Orkney fought the English south of the Isle of Man. The thirteenth-century saga-author associated these verses with a campaign supposedly fought in the 1030s or 1040s, but this account is doubtful. Turning to the Norwegian expedition of 1058, this article considers whether the verses might originally have referred to that campaign and later become linked with a different story. New readings of the key stanzas are proposed, and a new sequence, with consequences impacting on the chronology and circumstances of Thorfinn’s life and death. There are ramifications for discussions touching the saga tradition, Arnórr’s career, Malcolm (Máel Coluim) III Canmore’s career, and his marriage to Ingibjorg.
A Ramsey Witness to Aimo’s Life of Abbo of Fleury (BHL 3–4)
Authors: Miller James Drysdale
Published: December 2024

The significance of Abbo of Fleury’s time in England to the intellectual life of tenth- and eleventh-century Ramsey is widely appreciated. Less well understood is what English monks knew of Fleury’s claims of Abbo’s sanctity. The present article explores knowledge of Abbo’s cult in England through a close study of Oxford, Bodleian MS Lat. misc. c. 75, a twelfth-century witness to Aimo’s Vita et miracula s. Abbonis of which the Life’s editors were unaware. The manuscript is introduced, its textual relationship to the Vita’s other witnesses is examined and a stemma for the Vita’s textual transmission is proposed. Textual interpolations made at Ramsey are then analysed for the additional information which they provide about Abbo’s legacy there before a possible context for the Vita’s transmission to Ramsey is proposed. An appendix of variants between the Ramsey witness and the Vita’s printed edition is also provided.
Protecting the climate through EU supply chain legislation? Two critiques and a compromise
Authors: Buser Andreas
Published: December 2024

Climate change law faces a serious implementation problem. New instruments promoted by states from the Global North to address the implementation gap come from the sphere of trade and supply chain regulation. This article focuses on corporate climate due diligence legislation and its potential contribution to fulfilling the objectives outlined in the Paris Agreement. By examining the EU’s legislative process towards adopting a Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), it explores various approaches to regulating the climate impacts of corporations, including along global supply chains. The article critiques both the ultimately adopted climate transition planning requirement and the European Parliament’s alternative proposal, which aimed to incorporate climate mitigation into the general due diligence framework of the Directive but was unsuccessful. It applies two overarching critiques, termed ‘not enough’ and ‘regulatory imperialism’, to the specific context of corporate climate due diligence. Although these critiques may initially appear contradictory, the article endeavours to reconcile them through a compromise approach that fosters greater participation, integrates measures to mitigate impacts on self-determination, and specifies the obligations imposed on corporations regarding climate mitigation. Finally, the article discusses the idea of a decentralised enforcement regime and highlights the importance of regulation in states of the Global South to achieve a truly planetary legal order on corporate climate accountability.
Towards the Institutions of Freedom: The European Public Discourse in the Digital Era
Authors: Caruso Corrado
Published: December 2024

The digital revolution has transformed the dissemination of messages and the construction of public debate. This article examines the disintermediation and fragmentation of the public sphere by digital platforms. Disinformation campaigns, that aim at assuming the power of determining a truth alternative to reality, highlight the need to enhance the traditional view of freedom of expression as negative freedom with an institutional perspective. The paper argues that freedom of expression should be seen as an institution of freedom, an organizational space leading to a normative theory of public discourse. This theory legitimizes democratic systems and requires proactive regulation to enforce its values.

Viewing freedom of expression as an institution changes the role of public power: this should not be limited to abstention but instead has a positive obligation to regulate the spaces where communicative interactions occur. The article discusses how this regulatory need led to the European adoption of the Digital Services Act (DSA) to correct DPs through procedural constraints. Despite some criticisms, the DSA establishes a foundation for a transnational European public discourse aligned with the Charter of Fundamental Rights and member states’ constitutional traditions.
Invasive Eelgrass Hybrid, Vallisneria × pseudorosulata in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Gebhart Maxwell G. , Schmid Samuel A. , Turner Stephen , Webb David , Thum Ryan , Beets Jens , Turnage Gray
Published: December 2024

Vallisneria × pseudorosulata S.Fujii & M.Maki is an invasive aquatic weed that has recently become a major issue within the southeast U.S. V. × pseudorosulata is a hybrid between two non-native eelgrass species (Vallisneria spiralis L. and Vallisneria denseserrulata Makino) and has rapidly overtaken waterbodies in Tennessee, Alabama, and Florida. This hybrid can reproduce rapidly through offshoot formation and floating propagules capable of drifting large distances before establishing. Vallisneria × pseudorosulata has been previously found in Japan and is thought to have been introduced in the U.S. by the aquarium trade or dumping.
On aerobreakup in the stagnation region of high-Mach-number flow over a bluff body
Authors: Dworzanczyk A.R. , Viqueira-Moreira M. , Langhorn J.D. , Libeau M.A. , Brehm C. , Parziale N.J.
Published: December 2024

In this paper, aerobreakup in the stagnation region of high-Mach-number flow over a bluff body is studied with experiments and computations. Water drops of diameter 0.51–2.30 mm were acoustically levitated at sea level along the flight path of a rectangular

$100\ {\rm mm} \times 150\ {\rm mm}$

rail-gun launched projectile. This enabled the study of aerobreakup at high Mach (3.03–5.12), post-shock Mach (1.5–1.9), Weber

$(5 \times 10^4\unicode{x2013}4 \times 10^5)$

and Reynolds

$(6 \times 10^4\unicode{x2013}3 \times 10^5)$

numbers. High-speed backlit shadowgraphy is used to record the flow structure. Computations are made for two cases, and it was found that the drop behaviour is not dominated by viscous or surface-tension effects and can be adequately captured by treating the gas as calorically perfect with the ratio of specific heats set to 1.3 to account for thermochemical effects. To assess drop surface stability at early breakup times, results from Newton's inclination method are used to determine the flow along the drop surface and input to a linear-stability analysis; from this, it was found that viscosity and surface tension can be neglected. Moreover, the acceleration term dominates the shear term at the stagnation point, a point accentuated as a drop flattens; this relation inverts closer to the drop equator. Linear-stability analysis was insufficient for modelling late-stage aerobreakup because the predicted wavelengths were too small and the expected aerobreakup times were non-physically short. To address this discrepancy, a nonlinear instability model with constant-rate growth is used that treats the accelerated drop surface as analogous to bubbles rising through a liquid; agreement with computations is good.
A wall model for separated flows: embedded learning to improve a posteriori performance
Authors: Zhou Zhideng , Zhang Xin-lei , He Guo-wei , Yang Xiaolei
Published: December 2024

Developing large-eddy simulation (LES) wall models for separated flows is challenging. We propose to leverage the significance of separated flow data, for which existing theories are not applicable, and the existing knowledge of wall-bounded flows (such as the law of the wall) along with embedded learning to address this issue. The proposed so-called features-embedded-learning (FEL) wall model comprises two submodels: one for predicting the wall shear stress and another for calculating the eddy viscosity at the first off-wall grid nodes. We train the former using the wall-resolved LES (WRLES) data of the periodic hill flow and the law of the wall. For the latter, we propose a modified mixing length model, with the model coefficient trained using the ensemble Kalman method. The proposed FEL model is assessed using the separated flows with different flow configurations, grid resolutions and Reynolds numbers. Overall good a posteriori performance is observed for predicting the statistics of the recirculation bubble, wall stresses and turbulence characteristics. The statistics of the modelled subgrid-scale (SGS) stresses at the first off-wall grids are compared with those calculated using the WRLES data. The comparison shows that the amplitude and distribution of the SGS stresses and energy transfer obtained using the proposed model agree better with the reference data when compared with the conventional SGS model.
Can Chatbots Be Authentic?
Authors: Ward Megan
Published: December 2024

With recent leaps in large language model technology, conversational AI offer increasingly sophisticated interactions. But is it fair to say that they can offer authentic relationships, perhaps even assuage the loneliness epidemic? In answering this question, this essay traces the history of AI authenticity, historically shaped by cultural imaginations of intelligent machines and human communication. The illusion of human-like interaction with AI has existed since at least the 1960s, when the term “Eliza effect’ was named after the first chatbot Eliza. Termed a “crisis of authenticity” by sociologist Sherry Turkle, the Eliza effect has stood for fears that AI interactions can undermine real human connections and leave users vulnerable to manipulation. More recently, however, researchers have begun investigating less anthropomorphic definitions of authenticity. The expectation - and perhaps fantasy - of authenticity stems, in turn, from a much longer history of technologically mediated communications, dating back to the invention of the telegraph in the nineteenth century. Read through this history, the essay concludes that AI relationships might not mimic human interactions but must instead acknowledge the artifice of AI, offering a new form of companionship in our mediated, often lonely, times.
Nf-Root: A Best-Practice Pipeline for Deep-Learning-Based Analysis of Apoplastic pH in Microscopy Images of Developmental Zones in Plant Root Tissue
Authors: Wanner Julian , Kuhn Cuellar Luis , Rausch Luiselotte , W. Berendzen Kenneth , Wanke Friederike , Gabernet Gisela , Harter Klaus , Nahnsen Sven
Published: December 2024

Hormonal mechanisms associated with cell elongation play a vital role in the development and growth of plants. Here, we report Nextflow-root (nf-root), a novel best-practice pipeline for deep-learning-based analysis of fluorescence microscopy images of plant root tissue from A. thaliana. This bioinformatics pipeline performs automatic identification of developmental zones in root tissue images. This also includes apoplastic pH measurements, which is useful for modeling hormone signaling and cell physiological responses. We show that this nf-core standard-based pipeline successfully automates tissue zone segmentation and is both high-throughput and highly reproducible. In short, a deep-learning module deploys deterministically trained convolutional neural network models and augments the segmentation predictions with measures of prediction uncertainty and model interpretability, while aiming to facilitate result interpretation and verification by experienced plant biologists. We observed a high statistical similarity between the manually generated results and the output of the nf-root.
Whole-grain modified Nova ultra-processed food definitions: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact on cardiometabolic risk measures when excluding high whole-grain foods from the ultra-processed food category in Australia
Authors: Price Elissa J. , Kissock Katrina R. , Barrett Eden M. , Batterham Marijka J. , Beck Eleanor J.
Published: December 2024

Ultra-processed foods (UPF), defined using the Nova classification system, are associated with increased chronic disease risk. More recently, evidence suggests the UPF subgroup of whole-grain breads and cereals is in fact linked with reduced chronic disease risk. This study aimed to explore associations of cardiometabolic risk measures with Nova UPF intake v. when foods with ≥ 25 or ≥ 50 % whole grains are excluded from the definition. We considered dietary data from the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012. Impacts on associations of UPF intake (quintiles) and cardiometabolic risk measures were analysed using regression models. The median proportion of UPF intake from high whole-grain foods was zero for all quintiles. Participants in the highest Nova UPF intake quintile had significantly higher weight (78·1 kg (0·6)), BMI (27·2 kg/m2 (0·2)), waist circumference (92·7 cm (0·5)) and weight-to-height ratio (0·55 (0·003)) compared with the lowest quintile (P< 0·05). Associations were the same when foods with ≥ 25 and ≥ 50 % whole grains were excluded. Adjusted R-squared values remained similar across all approaches for all outcomes. In Australia, high whole-grain foods considered UPF may not significantly contribute to deleterious cardiometabolic risk associations. Until conclusive evidence on Nova UPF is available, prioritisation should be given to the nutrient density of high whole-grain foods and their potential contribution to improving whole-grain intakes and healthful dietary patterns in Australia.
Environmental vertical management reform and data manipulation in the public sector: evidence from China
Authors: Xu Huange , Li Guangchen , Chen Bo
Published: December 2024

Based on monthly panel data from 2014 to 2020 and employing the staggered difference-in-differences (staggered DID) method, we examine the impact of environmental vertical management reform on data manipulation in the public sector. We reveal that environmental vertical management reform significantly reduces data manipulation in the public sector. Moderating effect analysis shows that economic growth targets weaken the inhibitory impact of this reform. Conversely, public environmental concerns could enhance the inhibitory impact of this reform on data manipulation. Mechanism analysis reveals that environmental vertical management reform works through strengthening grassroots environmental law enforcement. The increased independence of law-enforcing departments has reduced the tendency of local governments to engage in data manipulation.
Afterword: Tourism and Empire
Authors: Zuelow Eric G. E.
Published: December 2024

This afterword provides a critical examination of the historical connections between tourism and empire. To contextualise this discussion, a concise overview is provided of the history of tourism, its entanglements with empire and expansion into a truly global industry in the modern era. This is followed by an analysis that draws on the articles making up this special issue in order to highlight their contributions and connections to the most recent wider literature and in particular the significant themes raised that have thus far been underrepresented in the nascent historiography on tourism and empire. The afterword finishes by providing a strong argument for the necessity of continuing this line of investigation further, with a particular emphasis on the need to understand the double role of tourism as both an instrument of imperial oppression, as well as a site of localised forms of agency and contestation.
A dangerous preposition: The boundaries of mathematics
Authors: Steingart Alma
Published: December 2024

Argument

This essay takes inspiration from Herbert Mehrtens’ 1995 claim that the “history of mathematics is an integral part of intellectual history.” It asks why, despite the tremendous transformation the historiography of mathematics has undergone since the field began to professionalize in the 1970s, historians of mathematics repeatedly complain that their field has been marginalized. The answer, I suggest, is not due to the fact that mathematics is less amenable to the types of social, cultural, or material analysis that came to dominate the history of science in recent decades. Rather, at issue is that most historians have adopted mathematicians’ own definition of mathematics. The history of mathematics professionalized at a particular moment, one in which mathematicians were concerned about the limits and boundaries of their field. As such, they were invested in drawing boundaries around the “proper” confines of the field. Historians of mathematics have followed suit, and similarly restricted what did and did not belong in the history of mathematics. Following Mehrtens, however, and insisting that the history of mathematics is an integral part of broader intellectual history, a more capacious conception of the field is possible.
Training Children for Prehospital Aquatic Interventions: Assessing Throwing Skills Using Traditional and Alternative Materials in a Simulated Water Rescue
Authors: Peixoto-Pino Lucía , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Gómez-Silva Adrián , Rico-Díaz Javier , Rodríguez-Núñez Antonio
Published: December 2024

Background:

Drowning remains a significant cause of mortality among children world-wide, making prevention strategies crucial. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends training children in safe rescue techniques, including the use of basic skills such as throwing floating objects. This study aims to address a knowledge gap regarding the throwing capabilities of children aged six to twelve using conventional and alternative water rescue materials.

Method:

A total of 374 children aged six to twelve years participated in the study, including both males and females. A randomized crossover approach was used to compare throws with conventional rescue material (ring buoy and rescue tube) to an alternative material (polyethylene terephthalate [PET]-bottle). Throwing distance and accuracy were assessed based on age, sex, and the type of rescue tools used.

Results:

Children of all ages were able to throw the PET-bottle significantly farther than both the ring buoy (P <.001; d = 1.19) and the rescue tube (P <.001; d = 0.60). There were no significant differences (P = .414) in the percentage of children who managed to throw each object accurately.

Conclusion:

Conventional rescue materials, particularly the ring buoy, may not be well-suited for long-distance throws by children. In contrast, lighter and smaller alternatives, such as PET-bottles, prove to be more adaptable to children’s characteristics, enabling them to achieve greater throwing distances. The emphasis on cost-effective and easily accessible alternatives should be implemented in drowning prevention programs or life-saving courses delivered to children.
Solar cycle variability induced by stochastic fluctuations of BMR properties and at different amounts of dynamo supercriticality
Authors: Kumar Pawan
Published: December 2024

Understanding the irregular variation of the solar cycle is crucial due to its significant impact on global climates and the heliosphere. Since the polar magnetic field determines the amplitude of the next solar cycle, variations in the polar field can lead to fluctuations in the solar cycle. We have explored the variability of the solar cycle at different levels of dynamo supercriticality. We observe that the variability depends on the dynamo operation regime, with the near-critical regime exhibiting more variability than the supercritical regime. Furthermore, we have explored the effects of the irregular BMR properties (emergence rate, latitude, tilt, and flux) on the polar field and the solar cycle. We find that they all produce considerable variation in the solar cycle; however, the variation due to the tilt scatter is the largest.
Property and use in the access economy
Authors: Kreiczer-Levy Shelly
Published: December 2024

This article analyses shifts in consumers’ preferred forms of use following the rise of the access economy and evaluates the subversive potential of access as a non-hierarchical, open form of use. Access consists of an aggregation of multiple licenses that amounts to a consistent form of use and has social, cultural and legal implications. My definition of ‘access’ focusses on material practices of property rather than on formal legal categories, and I compare access to both formal and informal forms of long-term use. I explore themes of power and vulnerability and individualism and communities and consider whether access merely adds to the property landscape or provokes contested forms of use. The article reveals the complex relationships between ownership (and other forms of long-term possession) and access, as access both challenges ownership and reinforces its power. Ultimately, I conclude that access fails to achieve its subversive potential.
Mental Health Distress in Families During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Asbrand Julia , Hilbert Kevin , Langhammer Till , Ertle Andrea , Horváth Leonore , Lueken and Ulrike
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Theoretical Background: Increased mental health distress in children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely reported in studies. Aim: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (i. e., 2020 – 2021), we examined a help-seeking sample for child distress and the associations with parent distress, quality of life, and COVID-19-specific factors, aiming to describe families seeking help. Method: We conducted an online survey in help-seeking families ( N = 169, children aged 5 – 17 years). Results: Children’s anxiety and depression did not exceed clinical cutoffs but quality of life did. Only parental and child depressiveness were related. Child emotion regulation was shown to be the only relevant predictor of child anxiety, depressive symptoms, and quality of life, whereas no parental or COVID-19-related factors reached significance. Discussion and Conclusion: Specifics of our help-seeking sample differed from other COVID-19 studies, highlighting the relevance of taking a closer look at specific samples to provide custom-fit support.
Auswirkungen der Klimakrise auf die Gesundheit und Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Holzinger Dirk
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Klimakrise ist die größte Bedrohung für die globale Gesundheit im 21. Jahrhundert und gefährdet die Gesundheit über vielfältige Expositionswege. Fragestellung: Die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen gilt in der Klimakrise als besonders vulnerabel. Auf welche Weise und in welchem Umfang wird die kindliche Gesundheit dadurch gefährdet? Methode: Darstellung des aktuellen Wissenstandes in Form eines narrativen Übersichtsartikels. Ergebnisse: Die Klimakrise gefährdet Gesundheit und Entwicklung über direkte (z. B. Hitze und Überflutungen) sowie über indirekte Wege (z. B. Luftverschmutzung und mentale Belastung). Dabei werden Kinder in ihren Entwicklungsschritten von der Pränatalzeit bis zu Adoleszenz auf unterschiedliche Weise beeinträchtigt. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die Klimakrise ist eine fundamentale Bedrohung für die kindliche Gesundheit. Daher sind rasche und umfassende Maßnahmen aller Gesundheitsberufe zum Erhalt kindlicher Gesundheit notwendig.
Synthesizing Spatiotemporal Structures of the North Atlantic Tripole
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , Dong Shenfu , Volkov Denis , Goni Gustavo
Published: December 2024

The interannual‐to‐decadal variability of sea surface temperature and height in the North Atlantic exhibits a tripolar pattern. Here, we explore the spatiotemporal structure, including the vertical, of the North Atlantic tripole using observations and reanalysis data in 1993–2021. For the first time, we demonstrate that the tripole's vertical structure across the Mid‐Atlantic Bight continental shelf and slope differs from that in the ocean interior. The tripole strongly projects in the Slope Water north of the Gulf Stream mean path, marked with temperature changes across the water column not maintained by air‐sea heat flux. Over the shelf, the tripole‐associated sea level, temperature, and ocean current are weak. In the ocean interior, the tripole temperature variability is apparent in the upper 100 m in the tropics and three times as deep in the subtropics. The tripole imprints resemble those of the North Atlantic Oscillation, peaking after the dominant atmospheric mode's winter maximum.
Enhanced Precipitation of Energetic Protons Due to Uranus' Asymmetric Magnetic Field
Authors: Acevski M. , Masters A.
Published: December 2024

Uranus remains one of the most unexplored planets in our solar system, featuring a distinctive magnetic field structure first observed by NASA's Voyager 2 mission almost 40 years ago. Uranus is particularly notable for its pronounced magnetic field asymmetry, a characteristic unique to the icy giants. Here we show that, in the region where Voyager 2 did not pass (), the asymmetric magnetic field can distort the trajectories of high energy protons within Uranus' radiation belts such that the particles hit the planet when they otherwise would not have (in a traditional dipole field). This implies that radiation belt protons which start with pitch angles well outside their respective loss cones can drift into a region where the loss cone is much bigger and then precipitate. This occurs preferentially in the magnetic north pole due to its significantly weaker surface field strength.
On the Identification of the Dayside Auroral Region Using Incoherent Scatter Radar
Authors: Frøystein Ingeborg , Spicher Andres , Gustavsson Björn , Oksavik Kjellmar , Johnsen Magnar Gullikstad
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a robust method combining electron temperatures and density to identify the winter dayside auroral region in Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) observations. In literature, a common proxy for identifying the dayside auroral region has been enhanced electron temperatures at high altitudes. However, is intimately related to and their relationship is not completely settled. In this study, the relation between , , and the precipitation heat source is quantified. Using ESR fast elevation scans in the winter dayside auroral region, the intimate relationship between these three parameters is investigated. decreases roughly linearly with exponentially increasing , irrespective of the heat source. Precipitation creates a heated population with above roughly 2,000 K (i.e., 500–1,300 K higher than the background plasma). Several extensions to the purely based method were examined, and it is found that combining and yields consistent boundaries when compared to magnetic disturbance data from Swarm satellites and 6,300 Å auroral observations. Future applications of characterizing ionospheric dynamics are discussed.
Ferrous Iron (Fe+2) Released From Iron‐Rich Chlorite as a Reductant for Unconformity‐Related Uranium Mineralization: Insights From Reactive Fluid Flow Modeling
Authors: Wu Mingqian , Qiu Kunfeng , Yang Jianwen
Published: December 2024

Debate continues over the reducing mechanisms for the formation of unconformity‐related uranium (URU) deposits. This paper evaluates, for the first time, the potential of iron‐rich chlorite as a reductant for uranium mineralization using reactive fluid flow modeling method. Our results confirm that Fe2+, released from the breakdown of iron‐rich chlorite, can reduce aqueous hexavalent uranium to precipitate economically significant URU deposits similar in size and grade to those formed with CH4 as the reducing agent. The resulting uranium mineralization tends to occur in the basement and below the downwelling parts of overlying basinal fluid circulation cells, where oxidizing basinal fluid percolates across the unconformity and reacts with upward flowing reducing basement brine. Therefore, the basinal fluid circulation pattern controlled by the permeability of the sandstone aquifer is critical in determining the formation and distribution of URU deposits. When the sandstone layer is more permeable, the simulated uranium deposits become larger in size, and vice versa. If the sandstone permeability is <5 × 10−14 m2, no obvious uranium deposits can be formed. In contrast, the permeability of fault zones does not have a significant effect on uranium mineralization, although it does affect fluid flow behaviors within the fault zone itself. We also demonstrate that fault zones do not appear to be a prerequisite for the formation of URU deposits when Fe+2 serves as a reductant, which highlights important exploration implications. Uranium exploration should, in addition to continuing to target graphitic fault zones, also consider areas where faults and/or graphite units do not exist.
Remote Precipitation Events Over South China Related to the Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclones During the Pre‐Summer Rainy Season
Authors: Fan Xiaoting , Li Ying , Wei Na , An Pengchao , Liu Beiyao
Published: December 2024

Tropical cyclones (TCs) originating in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) can induce heavy rainfall in remote South China, primarily due to the abundant tropical moisture transporting from the vicinity of BOB TCs. This study analyzes 28 TC remote precipitation (TRP) events occurring over South China during the pre‐summer rainy season (April to June) from 1979 to 2021, from a synoptic climatology perspective. On average, TRP events persisted for about 3 days, with primary precipitation centers identified in northeastern Guangxi Province, central and coastal areas of Guangdong Province, and the region from western Fujian to central Jiangxi, resulting in above‐normal rainfall intensity in northern South China. Employing the objective classification method of the self‐organizing map, we identified three key configurations conducive to TRP occurrence, including synoptic patterns dominated by BOB TCs in conjunction with the southern branch trough (P1), the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH, P2), or the prevailing southwest monsoon (P3). P1 and P2 exhibited three precipitation centers similar to those in the overall TRP events, while P3 corresponded to weaker precipitation due to less pronounced frontogenesis, with its center located in the southern warm‐sector region of South China. Additionally, the stronger and more northerly WPSH in P2 caused a northward shift in the water vapor flux reaching South China compared to P1, enhancing the precipitation in northern South China. This study extends the perspective of TRP events in subtropical regions, holding significant implications for weather forecasts in downstream regions affected by BOB TCs.
Fiber optics-based surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopy sensors for rapid multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens in raw poultry
Authors: Abuhelwa Mai , Singh Arshdeep , Liu Jiayu , Almalaysha Mohammed , Carlson Anna V. , Trout Kate E. , Morey Amit , Kinzel E. , Channaiah Lakshmikantha H. , Almasri Mahmoud
Published: December 2024

A new high-sensitivity, low-cost, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) sensor allows for the rapid multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens in raw poultry. Self-assembled microspheres are used to pattern a hexagonal close-packed array of nanoantennas onto a side-polished multimode fiber core. Each microsphere focuses UV radiation to a photonic nanojet within a layer of photoresist on the fiber which allows the nanoantenna geometry to be controlled. Optimizing the geometry for the excitation layer generates electric field concentrations− referred to as a hotspot− within the analyte, thereby maximizing the Raman signal and improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The side polished configuration with a larger surface area has significantly better performance than the SERS sensor on the fiber tip. The use of additive manufacturing for the fiber polishing jigs as well as the sample testing compartment simplifies the sensor development and testing. Experimental results demonstrate a sensitivity range of 0.4–0.5 cells/ml achieved using raw chicken rinsates spiked with Salmonella typhimurium. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated its capability for multiplex and specific detection of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 with an optimal detection time of 10 min. The new sensor addresses a major global foodborne pathogen that poses significant public health concerns and can be readily adapted for the detection of other bacterial and viral pathogens such as E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, Listeria, and avian influenza and in other food products, e.g., dairy, beef, and produce, as well as clinical applications.
A 14 μHz/√Hz resolution and 32 μHz bias instability MEMS quartz resonant accelerometer with a low-noise oscillating readout circuit
Authors: Bu Kai , Li Cun , Xue Hong , Li Bo , Zhao Yulong
Published: December 2024

A differential microelectromechanical system (MEMS) quartz resonant accelerometer with a novel oscillating readout circuit is proposed. The phase noise in a piezoelectric quartz resonant accelerometer has been systematically investigated. A high-performance front-end is used to extract the motional charge from a piezoelectric quartz resonator for the first time. This topology eliminates the tradeoff between the gain, bandwidth, and noise of the traditional front-end. The proposed bandpass front-end provides a 14.5 M gain at the oscillation frequency with a phase drift of 0.04°, ensuring a high-quality factor for the quartz resonator. The proposed bandpass front end also achieves input-referred current noise as low as 30.5 fA/√Hz, which helps improve the bias instability and resolution of the accelerometer. An anti-aliasing phase shifter is designed to regulate the loop bandwidth and compensate for additional phase drifts. To reduce the flicker noise introduced by the nonlinear effect, an amplitude limiter is used to set the resonator operating point. The accelerometer achieves a frequency resolution of 14 μHz/√Hz and bias instability of 32 μHz with a ± 70 g full scale, 54.5 Hz/g scale factor, and 552 Hz bandwidth.
Broadscale dampening of uncertainty adjustment in the aging brain
Authors: Kosciessa Julian Q. , Mayr Ulrich , Lindenberger Ulman , Garrett Douglas D.
Published: December 2024

The ability to prioritize among input features according to relevance enables adaptive behaviors across the human lifespan. However, relevance often remains ambiguous, and such uncertainty increases demands for dynamic control. While both cognitive stability and flexibility decline during healthy ageing, it is unknown whether aging alters how uncertainty impacts perception and decision-making, and if so, via which neural mechanisms. Here, we assess uncertainty adjustment across the adult lifespan (N = 100; cross-sectional) via behavioral modeling and a theoretically informed set of EEG-, fMRI-, and pupil-based signatures. On the group level, older adults show a broad dampening of uncertainty adjustment relative to younger adults. At the individual level, older individuals whose modulation more closely resembled that of younger adults also exhibit better maintenance of cognitive control. Our results highlight neural mechanisms whose maintenance plausibly enables flexible task-set, perception, and decision computations across the adult lifespan.
Preventing excessive autophagy protects from the pathology of mtDNA mutations in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: El Fissi Najla , Rosenberger Florian A. , Chang Kai , Wilhalm Alissa , Barton-Owen Tom , Hansen Fynn M. , Golder Zoe , Alsina David , Wedell Anna , Mann Matthias , Chinnery Patrick F. , Freyer Christoph , Wredenberg Anna
Published: December 2024

Aberration of mitochondrial function is a shared feature of many human pathologies, characterised by changes in metabolic flux, cellular energetics, morphology, composition, and dynamics of the mitochondrial network. While some of these changes serve as compensatory mechanisms to maintain cellular homeostasis, their chronic activation can permanently affect cellular metabolism and signalling, ultimately impairing cell function. Here, we use a Drosophila melanogaster model expressing a proofreading-deficient mtDNA polymerase (POLγexo-) in a genetic screen to find genes that mitigate the harmful accumulation of mtDNA mutations. We identify critical pathways associated with nutrient sensing, insulin signalling, mitochondrial protein import, and autophagy that can rescue the lethal phenotype of the POLγexo- flies. Rescued flies, hemizygous for dilp1, atg2, tim14 or melted, normalise their autophagic flux and proteasome function and adapt their metabolism. Mutation frequencies remain high with the exception of melted-rescued flies, suggesting that melted may act early in development. Treating POLγexo- larvae with the autophagy activator rapamycin aggravates their lethal phenotype, highlighting that excessive autophagy can significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, we show that the nucleation process of autophagy is a critical target for intervention.
Adaptive metal ion transport and metalloregulation-driven differentiation in pluripotent synthetic cells
Authors: Higashi Sayuri L. , Zheng Yanjun , Chakraborty Taniya , Alavizargar Azadeh , Heuer Andreas , Wegner Seraphine V.
Published: December 2024

Pluripotent cells can yield different cell types determined by the specific sequence of differentiation signals that they encounter as the cell activates or deactivates functions and retains memory of previous inputs. Here, we achieved pluripotency in synthetic cells by incorporating three dormant apo-metalloenzymes such that they could differentiate towards distinct fates, depending on the sequence of specific metal ion transport with ionophores. In the first differentiation step, we selectively transported one of three extracellular metal ion cofactors into pluripotent giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which resulted in elevation of intracellular pH, hydrogen peroxide production or GUV lysis. Previously added ionophores suppress transport with subsequent ionophores owing to interactions among them in the membrane, as corroborated by atomistic simulations. Consequently, the addition of a second ionophore elicits a dampened response in the multipotent GUV and a third ionophore results in no further response, reminiscent of a terminally differentiated GUV. The pluripotent GUV can differentiate into five final fates, depending on the sequence in which the three ionophores are added.
Reliable long-term individual variation in wild chimpanzee technological efficiency
Authors: Berdugo S. , Cohen E. , Davis A. J. , Matsuzawa T. , Carvalho S.
Published: December 2024

Variation in the efficiency of extracting calorie-rich and nutrient-dense resources directly impacts energy expenditure and potentially has important repercussions for cultural transmission where social learning strategies are used. Assessing variation in efficiency is key to understanding the evolution of complex behavioural traits in primates. Here we examine evidence for individual-level differences beyond age- and sex-class in non-human primate extractive foraging efficiency. We used 25 years (1992–2017) of video of 21 chimpanzees aged ≥6 years in Bossou, Guinea, to longitudinally investigate individual-level differences in stone tool use efficiency. Data from 3,882 oil-palm nut-cracking bouts from >800 h of observation were collected. We found reliability in relative efficiency across four measures of nut-cracking efficiency, as well as a significant effect of age. Our findings highlight the importance of longitudinal data from long-term field sites when investigating underlying cognitive and behavioural diversity across individual lifespans and between populations.
Harnessing multimodal approaches for depression detection using large language models and facial expressions
Authors: Sadeghi Misha , Richer Robert , Egger Bernhard , Schindler-Gmelch Lena , Rupp Lydia Helene , Rahimi Farnaz , Berking Matthias , Eskofier Bjoern M.
Published: December 2024

Detecting depression is a critical component of mental health diagnosis, and accurate assessment is essential for effective treatment. This study introduces a novel, fully automated approach to predicting depression severity using the E-DAIC dataset. We employ Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract depression-related indicators from interview transcripts, utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) score to train the prediction model. Additionally, facial data extracted from video frames is integrated with textual data to create a multimodal model for depression severity prediction. We evaluate three approaches: text-based features, facial features, and a combination of both. Our findings show the best results are achieved by enhancing text data with speech quality assessment, with a mean absolute error of 2.85 and root mean square error of 4.02. This study underscores the potential of automated depression detection, showing text-only models as robust and effective while paving the way for multimodal analysis.
A rapid and highly sensitive fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip for pepsin detection in human hypopharyngeal saliva
Authors: Liu Yaqi , Chen Lihong , Huang Jingtian , Zhang Jialing , Chen Shuting , Lin Zhenyu , Chen Ting
Published: December 2024

A fluorescence immunochromatographic test strip for point-of-care diagnostics of laryngopharyngeal reflux has been designed. It can meet the needs of rapid quantitative on-site detection.
Advances in human papillomavirus detection for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis: challenges of conventional methods and opportunities for emergent tools
Authors: Fashedemi O. , Ozoemena Okoroike C. , Peteni Siwaphiwe , Haruna Aderemi B. , Shai Leshweni J. , Chen Aicheng , Rawson Frankie , Cruickshank Maggie E. , Grant David , Ola Oluwafunmilola , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: December 2024

This review evaluates various point-of-care (POC) methodologies for HPV detection and highlights the current advancements in POC diagnostic devices.
Effect of the stability of the poly(gamma-glutamic acid)-ACP dispersion system on biomimetic mineralization of type I collagen
Authors: Zhang Yuwen , Chen Tong , Gu Lisha , Yuan Rui , Cao Yina , Lin Huancai , Zhi Qinghui
Published: December 2024

To explore the relationship between the stability of poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) dispersion systems with γ-PGA of different molecular weights (MWs) and concentrations and type I collagen mineralization.
A selective non-enzymatic synthesis of ribose simply from formaldehyde, metal salts and clays
Authors: Xu Hao-Xing , Zhao Ze-Run , Wang Xiao
Published: December 2024

The study shows that ribose can be selectively synthesized from formaldehyde, facilitated by just metal and clay, providing new insights into the natural necessity of its emergence.
Construction of stable Cu+/Cu0 sites at the fullerene/Cu(OH)F interface to boost the electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products
Authors: Xiong Xiao-Wan , Wu Xin-Yue , Cheng Yuan-Sheng , Yu Delei , Xu Xu-Dong , Cheng Yuwen , Wu Fang-Hui , Wei Xian-Wen
Published: December 2024

By utilizing the unique electronic buffering capacity of C60, a significant number of Cu0/Cu+ sites are created at the C60/Cu(OH)F interface, leading to a remarkable faradaic efficiency of C2+ products up to 76.9% and exceptional stability.
NHC–Au–xanthate complexes
Authors: Chakraborty Supratim , Gorski Aleksander , Danylyuk Oksana , Niemirowicz-Laskowska Katarzyna , Car Halina , Michalak Michał
Published: December 2024

We report the synthesis, isolation, and comprehensive characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene gold xanthate (NHC–Au–X, X – xanthate) complexes.
Growth window optimization for large-size quasi-two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson type perovskites
Authors: Fan Yinghao , Yin Hang , Li Xinyi , Yu Jiafu , Hu Yue , Gao Yuting , Niu Guangda
Published: December 2024

Large-size quasi-2D DJ type perovskite crystals were successfully synthesized, achieving robust detection performance with high resistivity as well as product of mobility and carrier lifetime.