bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Body Simulation Within a Hybrid Operating Method for a Safe and Efficient Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Lemmerz Kai , Kuhlenötter Bernd
Published: January 2022

The planning and integration of production systems with a direct human-robot collaboration (HRC) is still associated with various technical challenges. This applies especially to the realization of the operation methods speed and separation monitoring (SSM) as well as power and force limiting (PFL). Due to the limited consideration of the human motion behaviour, the required dynamic separation distance in SSM is frequently oversized in practice. The main consequences are wasted space as well as cycle time and performance losses within the corresponding HRC application. In PFL a physical contact between the operator and robot is permissible, taking into account specified biomechanical thresholds. However, there is still a lack of suitable use-cases since the maximum permissible speeds are on a very low level. Moreover some thresholds regarding the transient contact case are still non-applicable for critical body areas (e.g. temple, middle of forehead). The study of this paper is related to a kinematic state determination of the human operator within a new hybrid collaborative operation. In this method the SSM type is extended regarding the description of the operator and coupled with the two-body contact model of the PFL. Using a planning and simulation tool for HRC, the kinematic states of different body regions are derived from an integrated and parameterized digital human model. Afterwards, these body regions are mapped to the characteristic body areas of the ISO/TS 15066, whereby the resulting information will be applied in an adaptive robot speed control. The performance of the presented concept will be evaluated using an exemplary simulated HRC scenario.
Implementation of Innovative Manufacturing Technologies in Foundries for Large-Volume Components
Authors: Klötzer Christian , Wanner Martin-Christoph , Flügge Wilko , Greitsch Lars
Published: January 2022

The development of new manufacturing technologies opens up new perspectives for the production of propellers (diameter < 5 m), especially since the use of the established sand casting process as a technology is only partially competitive in today’s market. Therefore, different applications of generative manufacturing methods for the implementation into the production process were investigated. One approach is the mould production using additive manufacturing processes. Investigations showed that especially for large components with high wall thicknesses available systems and processes for sand casting mould production are cost-intensive and conditionally suitable. With our development of a large-format FDM printer, however, the direct production of large-format positive moulds for, for example, yacht propellers up to 4 m in diameter is possible. Due to the comparatively low accuracy requirements for the mould, the focus is on the durability of the drive system and the rigidity of this FDM printer. Equipped with simple linear technology in portal design and cubic design of the frame structure with rigid heated print bed, the aim is to achieve maximum material extrusion via the print head. The production of plastic models not only facilitates handling during the moulding process, but also allows considerable time and cost savings to be made during the running process. A further step in our development is the direct production of the components using WAAM. A possible concept for robot-supported build-up welding for the production of new innovative propeller geometries is presented using the example of a hollow turbine blade for a tidal power plant.
Robot-Based Creation of Complete 3D Workpiece Models
Authors: Singer David , Rohner Dorian , Henrich Dominik
Published: January 2022

A complete object database containing a model (representing geometric and texture information) of every possible workpiece is a common necessity e.g. for different object recognition or task planning approaches. The generation of these models is often a tedious process. In this paper we present a fully automated approach to tackle this problem by generating complete workpiece models using a robotic manipulator. A workpiece is recorded by a depth sensor from multiple views for one side, then turned, and captured from the other side. The resulting point clouds are merged into one complete model. Additionally, we represent the information provided by the object’s texture using keypoints. We present a proof of concept and evaluate the precision of the final models. In the end we conclude the usefulness of our approach showing a precision of around 1 mm for the resulting models.
Towards Synthetic AI Training Data for Image Classification in Intralogistic Settings
Authors: Schoepflin Daniel , Iyer Karthik , Gomse Martin , Schüppstuhl Thorsten
Published: January 2022

Obtaining annotated data for proper training of AI image classifiers remains a challenge for successful deployment in industrial settings. As a promising alternative to handcrafted annotations, synthetic training data generation has grown in popularity. However, in most cases the pipelines used to generate this data are not of universal nature and have to be redesigned for different domain applications. This requires a detailed formulation of the domain through a semantic scene grammar. We aim to present such a grammar that is based on domain knowledge for the production-supplying transport of components in intralogistic settings. We present a use-case analysis for the domain of production supplying logistics and derive a scene grammar, which can be used to formulate similar problem statements in the domain for the purpose of data generation. We demonstrate the use of this grammar to feed a scene generation pipeline and obtain training data for an AI based image classifier.
Playback Robot Programming with Loop Increments
Authors: Riedl Michael , Henrich Dominik
Published: January 2022

Playback robot programming is fast and easy to use for non-experts, because the robot only needs to be manually guided. However, it is only capable of replaying the trajectory exactly as it was taught. We present the concept of loop increments for playback programmed robots to allow the user to teach tasks like palletizing or stacking without having to explicitly guide the robot through each trajectory. Only the base trajectory for one repetition needs to be program med. After each loop iteration, the user-defined increment is added to the incremental configurations, e.g. to the pick or place configurations. To achieve this, two methods of defining the loop increments are shown. Afterwards, linear, Gaussian, and cosine blending functions in combination with the point and interval method are introduced for weighting the increments and as a foundation for the adaption algorithm. The evaluation showed, that the cosine blending function with the interval method best fits the needs of our programming system.
Partial Automated Multi-Pass-Welding for Thick Sheet Metal Connections
Authors: Lauer Sascha , Rieck Sebastian , Wanner Martin-Christoph , Flügge Wilko
Published: January 2022

The production of tubular-node-connections, which are required for the construction of offshore wind energy plants or converter platforms, is subject to high manufacturing standards. The welding process is currently carried out manually and requires a great deal of experience on the part of the welder. In this process, one or more branch member pipes are welded to a base pipe, which vary in their diameters and alignment to each other. This results in a small batch size for which no standard automation solution can be considered. The approach of a pre-defined offline path-planning is not expedient, since the weld metal forms differently with the multiple curved geometries and the desired target result cannot be achieved with an integrated compensation. The approach for automation combines the experience of a skilled welder with the accuracy of an industrial-robot. For implementation, the robot system moves along the welding contour with a 2D-profile sensor. The joint profile is recorded at defined measurement points. Parallel to the seam cross-section, the current gradient of the geometry in relation to the horizontal plane is stored. After all the information has been generated, it is visualized for the operator in a graphical user interface. The operator can use his experience in the field of welding technology and can carry out the positioning of the weld seam in every single scan generated. The decisions on positioning are stored in the system and serve as a base for a future implementation of an automatic system for positioning welding beads on multi-curved contours.
Mobile, Modular and Adaptive Assembly Jigs for Large-Scale Products
Authors: Hogreve Sebastian , Krist Katharina , Tracht Kirsten
Published: January 2022

The assembly of products is often supported by jigs. Especially for large dimensional products, jigs and fixtures are used to align the components and ensure the stability of the assembly until all parts are firmly mounted. This paper describes the development of mobile, modular and adaptive assembly jigs, which are designed to support ergonomic working in the production of high-lift systems for civil aircrafts. The jig supports the workers to adapt the position and orientation of the product to the current assembly operation. The fundamentals of the development are explained and the features of a concept, called assembly wheel, are presented. The assembly wheel consists of two or more robot arms on a circular seventh axis. The robot arms hold and position the components to be assembled so that all joining spots are freely accessible to the worker. The ergonomic benefits of the concept were examined in a study using a 3D model of the jig. A demonstrator on a scale of 1:2 was set up, with which real experiments with an adaptive jig can be conducted for evaluation.
Design of an Automated Assembly Station for Process Development of All-Solid-State Battery Cell Assembly
Authors: Fröhlich Arian , Masuch Steffen , Dröder Klaus
Published: January 2022

Today, lithium-ion batteries are a promising technology in the evolution of electro mobility, but still have potential for improvement in terms of performance, safety and cost. In order to exploit this potential, one promising approach is the replacement of liquid electrolyte with solid-state electrolyte and the use of lithium metal electrode as an anode instead of graphite based anodes. Solid-state electrolytes and the lithium metal anode have favorable electrochemical properties and therefore enable significantly increased energy densities with inherent safety. However, these materials are both, mechanically and chemically sensitive. Therefore, material-adapted processes are essential to ensure quality-assured manufacturing of all-solid-state lithium-ion battery cells. This paper presents the development of a scaled and flexible automated assembly station adapted to the challenging properties of the new all-solid-state battery materials. In the station various handling and gripping techniques are evaluated and qualified for assembly of all-solid-state battery cells. To qualify the techniques, image processing is set up as a quality measurement technology. The paper also discusses the challenges of enclosing the entire assembly station in inert gas atmosphere to avoid side reactions and contamination of the chemically reactive materials.
Introduction: Three Kinds of Engagement
Authors: Brown Marvin T.
Published: January 2022

To change the course of the unsustainable trends of American Prosperity, we must change the social climate of injustice that allows it to continue. This change entails three operations: create an interpretive framework that covers the key components of our living systems, tell coherent stories that include past injustices and places to repair them, and create a civic space that enables us to create a climate of justice. The four components of the interpretive framework are the Earth, our humanity, the social, and the civic. The historical narratives are stories guided by the principle of coherence, which reveal opportunities to change the current course of history. Making such changes involves civilians entering civic spaces where they can invite citizens to care for justice and for future generations.
The Citizen’s Role in Creating a Climate of Justice
Authors: Brown Marvin T.
Published: January 2022

In the civic space, citizens with access to resources must learn how to respond to the civilians who need them in such a way that it changes the unjust social climate to a climate of justice. This Chapter explores three options of citizens responding to civilians: empathy, a commons approach, and the ethics of care. Jeremy Rifkin has argued that we have evolved to “the age of empathy,” but this approach ignores the difference between those who are privileged and those who are not. The commons approach invites all to become “commoners,” sharing and shaping a common future. This approach has attractions, but it ignores past injustices and the role of the rule of law in protecting civilians. The ethics of care does invite privileged citizens to listen to civilian claims to join them in repairing broken relationships and caring about justice.
Our Humanity
Authors: Brown Marvin T.
Published: January 2022

Neurobiological research highlights the significance of our physical existence as feeling, conscious, and purposeful beings. Antonio Damasio describes the core self as a witness to one’s own purposeful existence—a possible location for the notion of human dignity. In contrast to the notion of the isolated individual, Damasio defines the self as a conductor created by an orchestra. Daniel Siegel sees the self as a composite entity determined by the flow of information and energy among internal and external events and responses. He also points out the significance of Attachment theory is revealing our need, like other primates, of a secure base; grounded in social relationships with others.
The Social
Authors: Brown Marvin T.
Published: January 2022

The social is constituted by on-going communication and behavior patterns that influence participants perceptions, expectations and moral boundaries. For some, moral boundaries protect the racial hierarchy of American prosperity by calling natural what is actually social. Controversary about the meaning of sex, race, and ancestry can help us understand this difference, and thereby sharpen our awareness of our experiences of the social from social diversity to social amnesia. Social amnesia eliminates any awareness of the climate of injustice. In this context, a disturbing trend is our increasing reliance on private philanthropy to solve social problems, which moves us toward a new form of feudalism instead of a civic democracy. In a civic space that arises from the connections between our shared humanity and social differences, it is possible to listen to diverse voices and to make incoherent stories coherent.
The Sense of Coherence: Measurement Issues
Authors: Eriksson Monica , Contu Paolo
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, measurement issues are addressed concerning Aaron Antonovsky’s original sense of coherence (SOC) questionnaires of 29 items and of 13 items, as well as several modified translations applicable to the individual, the family, the organization, and the community levels. Validity (face, construct, consensual, criterion, predictive) and reliability issues (test–retest, internal consistency) of the scales are discussed. Criticism of the original scales is deliberated.
Generalized Resistance Resources in the Salutogenic Model of Health
Authors: Idan Orly , Eriksson Monica , Al-Yagon Michal
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents and discusses theoretical considerations and empirical findings regarding the concepts generalized resistance resources (GRRs) and generalized resistance deficits (GRDs). Recent research findings are presented, showing how these resources or deficits impact sense of coherence (SOC). Suggestions for future research directions (e.g., individuals’ differential susceptibility to environmental effects and eudaimonia/hedonia perspectives) and interventional implications are presented.
Specific Resistance Resources in the Salutogenic Model of Health
Authors: Mittelmark Maurice B. , Daniel Marguerite , Urke Helga B.
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses conceptual and concrete differences between generalized and specific resistance resources in the salutogenic model of health. It is important to distinguish between the two types of resistance resources to ensure that health promotion pays attention to both types. Specific resistance resources have as much or more relevance to health promotion practice as do generalized resistance resources. By drawing attention to the nature of specific resistance resources, one also draws attention to what should be the main aim of health promotion.
The Sense of Coherence in the Life Course
Authors: Meier Magistretti Claudia
Published: January 2022

The development of the sense of coherence (SOC) is understood as a lifelong learning process. Among the important questions about this process are as follows: What are the crucial factors that contribute to build, enhance, and strengthen the SOC during the life course? Is the role of the SOC in coping stable during the life course, or does it have different functions at different life stages? For example, does the SOC open one to new GRRs at the beginning and facilitate access to GRRs later in life? Can salutogenic interventions strengthen the SOC during various phases in the lifespan? The chapters in this part of the Handbook tackle these questions with varying emphasis at different periods of life.
Salutogenesis and the Sense of Coherence During the Adolescent Years
Authors: Braun-Lewensohn Orna , Idan Orly , Lindström Bengt , Margalit Malka
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on salutogenesis and the sense of coherence during the adolescent years. The authors’ approach is itself salutogenic, in the sense that they develop their arguments in line with a positive youth development perspective. Adolescents are appreciated as individuals eager to explore the world, to acquire competence, and to struggle with challenges and difficulties, rather than as a vulnerable group in need of risk prevention, cure, and treatment for maladaptive tendencies.

It is during the adolescent years, as young people move from one experience of using specific coping resources to another, that different resources can be reviewed and crystalized. The authors discuss a variety of ways that researchers have approached the study of salutogenesis and adolescence.
Older People, Sense of Coherence and Community
Authors: Koelen Maria , Eriksson Monica
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors consider the meanings of the concepts of healthy ageing, ageing well, salutogenic ageing and reciprocity between the sense of coherence (SOC) and ageing processes. They discuss how the community can provide resources to strengthen older adults’ SOC, perceived well-being and quality of life. Quoting ‘It’s not how old we are; it’s how we are old’, the authors illuminate critical differences in understanding healthy ageing by professionals, researchers and older people themselves.
Effectiveness of Interventions to Enhance the Sense of Coherence in the Life Course
Authors: Langeland Eva , Vaandrager Lenneke , Nilsen Anne Britt Vika , Schraner Marco , Meier Magistretti Claudia
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides an overview of the effectiveness of programs and interventions that aim to strengthen the sense of coherence (SOC) throughout the life span. The authors report on more than 40 studies investigating the effectiveness of interventions to strengthen the SOC. They structure and summarize findings for young people, employed and unemployed adults, health professionals, people with disabilities, people with psychosomatic and mental health problems, people with physical problems, hospital patients, and older people. Even though most studies are limited to short-term pre-test and post-test study designs, a few studies have investigated the effects of intervention for longer follow-up periods of up to several months and even more than one year.
Salutogenesis beyond Health
Authors: Sagy Shifra
Published: January 2022

Aaron Antonovsky enriched us with a unique, challenging model of salutogenesis, which had high levels of comprehensibility, manageability, and especially meaningfulness. When he passed away, about 25 years ago, we wondered whether, and perhaps how, the model would be developed after him. To witness today, the rich and active development of the model is deeply exciting. Part IV, Salutogenesis Beyond Health, deals with new developments and creative advancements of the theory.

It is very tempting to continue Antonovsky’s way by using his strict guidelines for salutogenic research. However, he also taught us “it is wise to see models, theories, constructs, hypotheses, and even ideas as heuristic devices, not only truths.” The chapters included in this part of the handbook represent good examples of following this advice.
The Application of Salutogenesis for Social Support and Participation: Toward Fostering Active and Engaged Aging at Home
Authors: Levasseur Mélanie , Naud Daniel
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors discuss some important aging factors that could increase the likelihood of a stronger sense of coherence (SOC): aging at home, participation, and social support. In his last paper, Aaron Antonovsky (1993) highlighted an example of an intervention among older people, living in their homes, who refused to accept help. He suggested that if researchers had been guided by the salutogenic question of “how to strengthen the comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness of elders,” their intervention research could have been much more sophisticated and rich. The authors are addressing this call. In this chapter, they analyze how social support, active participation, mobility, and other factors can strengthen SOC in old age. They also bring some examples of individual and community programs that are already operating within this salutogenic orientation.
Applying Salutogenesis in Schools
Authors: Jensen Bjarne Bruun , Dür Wolfgang , Buijs Goof
Published: January 2022

The chapter addresses the health of children and young people in the school setting with a special focus on experiences from Health Promoting Schools (HPS) and selected health promotion projects in schools. On the basis of brief definitions of the salutogenic orientation and the health promoting school model, comparisons will be conducted with regard to key concepts and principles of the two approaches to children’s health. A brief literature overview on the use of salutogenic concepts in relation to schools and health-promoting schools also is presented and discussed.
Applying Salutogenesis in Higher Education
Authors: Dooris Mark , Doherty Sharon , Orme Judy
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on how health can be created, maintained and supported in university settings. It first explores the higher education context and introduces key concepts that underpin ‘healthy universities’ and the application of a settings approach within this sector. It then presents a summary of key developments and of theoretical and empirical research in the field, reflecting on the relationship to salutogenesis, before discussing key themes emerging and outlining challenges for the future.
The Application of Salutogenesis in Communities and Neighborhoods
Authors: Vaandrager Lenneke , Kennedy Lynne
Published: January 2022

Communities and neighborhoods have reemerged as important settings for health promotion; they are particularly effective for encouraging social processes which may shape our life-chances and lead to improved health and well-being; consequently, as Scriven and Hodgins, (2012) note, of all the settings (cities, schools, workplaces, universities, etc.), communities are the least well defined. Indeed, within the health literature, they are frequently referred to in terms of place, identity, social entity, or collective action.

This chapter on communities and neighborhoods distinguishes between settings as a place (natural and built environment), identity (sense of community), social entity (cohesion, social capital), and collective action (reactive-resilience; proactive-community action) – all meaningful categories of generalized resistance resources (GRRs). Such clearly defined GRR categories would allow the study of their relative importance for developing the sense of coherence (SOC) and a newer concept – setting-specific SOC.
The Restorative Environment and Salutogenesis: Complementary Concepts Revisited
Authors: von Lindern Eike , Lymeus Freddie , Hartig Terry
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors consider how research on restorative environments can augment research on salutogenesis by calling attention to the dynamics of depletion and renewal of resources needed for the maintenance and promotion of health and well-being and by showing how the sociophysical environment comes into play in people’s ongoing efforts to manage diverse resources. The authors also consider how research on salutogenesis can augment research on restorative environments by encouraging a broader view of the kinds of resources that can be depleted and the different levels on which they are organised and become available. The authors thus indicate areas for more systematic, reciprocal exchange between the fields.
Applying Salutogenesis in Healthcare Settings
Authors: Pelikan Jürgen M.
Published: January 2022

The chapters of Part VI demonstrate for different services of health or disease care that applying the salutogenic orientation, the salutogenic model and the concept, and instrument of the sense of coherence (SOC) has the potential to improve the health-promoting quality of structures, processes, and outcomes of these services for enhancing health gain and well-being of different stakeholders. There already exists impressive research-based evidence for this, but also quite a potential for further more systematic and complex research.
Aaron Antonovsky (1923–1994): The Personal, Ideological, and Intellectual Genesis of Salutogenesis
Authors: Antonovsky Avishai , Sagy Shifra
Published: January 2022

This chapter is of particular importance in the handbook. Written by Aaron Antonovsky’s son Avishai Antonovsky, and by one of his closest colleagues and former PhD student, Shifra Sagy, this chapter provides the first biography of the founding father of salutogenesis. The authors share their insight regarding the development of the salutogenic idea, by drawing lines connecting it to the person Aaron Antonovsky was. They were very close to Aaron for several decades, and their familiarity with his background contributes to understanding the development of salutogenesis. They shed some light on Aaron’s personal experiences, ideological beliefs, and professional development throughout his life, until the crystallization of the salutogenic idea.
Applying Salutogenesis in Vocational Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Lillefjell Monica , Maass Ruca , Ihlebæk Camilla
Published: January 2022

Rehabilitation services are more closely and directly linked to maintaining and regaining positive health lost by illness and by pathogenic side effects of health care than the provision of cure or care. There even exists some professional understanding that rehabilitation should start with the beginning of treatment and be integrated into treatment processes and not just follow after discharge of patients. But even the WHO definition of rehabilitation has a pathogenic bias by focusing on disabilities of people or on disabled people and not addressing their abilities explicitly. Therefore, salutogenesis still has to offer something and has an added value to rehabilitation as a supportive intervention for recovery processes.

Within the wider field of rehabilitation, this chapter has a specific focus on vocational work-oriented rehabilitation, which is a combination of medical, psychological, social, and occupational activities with the goal of enabling a timely return to work after sickness absence. For that the chapter highlights how salutogenesis can be related to the design and implementation of vocational rehabilitative services. A summary of descriptive and intervention research is given on the impact of the sense of coherence (SOC) as a moderator on processes and outcomes of rehabilitation programs and on the influence of these programs on the development of the SOC. Recommendations for further research with more complex longitudinal designs are given.
Applying Salutogenesis in Residential Care Settings
Authors: Quehenberger Viktoria , Krajic Karl
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on aged and highly aged patients who have long and rather comprehensive contacts with healthcare institutions of long-term care, either in residential aged care or in community-dwelling. Therefore, it is well accepted in the literature that a salutogenic orientation and health promotion measures could contribute to the quality of life, well-being, and health of this group. Furthermore, a good sense of coherence (SOC) can be considered as a positive resource for coping with the physical, mental, and social challenges and transitions related to aging.

But the state of descriptive research on salutogenesis focusing not only on residents but also somewhat less so on community dwellers is still scarce and has mostly been conducted in few countries. Concerning intervention research only very few studies have specifically applied salutogenic principles to promote positive health among older people.

In light of this scarce research situation, the authors make recommendations for further research in this relevant and growing area of health care.
The Application of Salutogenesis in Birth, Neonatal, and Infant Care Settings
Authors: Downe Soo , Meier Magistretti Claudia , Shorey Shefaly , Lindström Bengt
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the relation of salutogenesis to maternity care is discussed by giving a critical overview of studies in perinatal care, primarily measuring and promoting parental sense of coherence (SOC) and well-being.

An overview is given on salutogenic approaches to neonatal and infant service provision. Important aspects of and salutogenic interventions for parent–child attachment in the first year of a child’s life are examined. Parents’ and caregivers’ relationship with their infants and newborns plays a critical role in shaping the emotional, cognitive, and social development of their child. Different interventions of early support to optimize parenting capacity and their impact are also discussed.

Although the chapter focuses only on examples of salutogenic approaches based on reasonable evidence, there is a growing awareness of the value of salutogenic approaches to the provision of maternity care, and to facilities and services to enhance parenting and well-being in infancy and early childhood. Research gaps are identified, and suggestions for the direction of future research are outlined.
Salutogenesis in Prison
Authors: Woodall James , de Viggiani Nick , South Jane
Published: January 2022

This chapter concludes Part VII, with a focus on salutogenesis in prisons. In this chapter, the authors present and debate how prison health rhetoric, policy and practice are influenced by a pathogenic view of prisoner “health.” The authors comment that there is a growing recognition of a salutogenic approach to prison health policy and practice, to help tackle the root causes of health, criminality and inequality. This chapter emphasises that while the health of prisoners is influenced by material and social factors beyond their control, a salutogenic approach offers an alternative way of delivering public health and health promotion in prisons. The chapter concludes noting that the application of salutogenesis in prisons is in its infancy. They call for research, policy and practice framed by a salutogenic orientation, leading to sustained and effective measures to improve the health of people in criminal justice settings, and reducing health inequalities in prisons.
Salutogenesis Theory and Methods: Developments, Innovations and Next Steps
Authors: Vaandrager Lenneke
Published: January 2022

Part VIII of this book presents ideas for the future development of salutogenesis theory, research methodology, practice, teaching and capacity building. This overview chapter highlights several theoretical issues in further developing the sense of coherence (SOC) construct, followed by how we can use qualitative approaches to study the SOC, including a wide range of examples. Another important future field discussed in this part is how to strengthen the salutogenic capacity of health professionals. The rapid growth of communication digitalization is also taken up in a chapter on the digital lifeworld and salutogenesis. Part VIII concludes with a chapter written by all editors of the Handbook, wrapping it up under the title Salutogenesis for Thriving Societies, which I suggest is a ‘must read’ for all.
Theoretical Issues in the Further Development of the Sense of Coherence Construct
Authors: Hochwälder Jacek
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the author discusses theoretical issues, including the dimensionality of the sense of coherence (SOC) scale, questioning whether the three components of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness can be measured separately or not; a plea for longitudinal data to study SOC as the causal variable; whether SOC can be strengthened and thus function as an outcome variable or not; the concept of domain-specific SOC; the concept of a boundary in the measurement of SOC; the dichotomization and trichotomization of SOC to investigate more thoroughly if a weak SOC or a strong SOC is crucial for health and well-being; the importance of relating SOC to salutogenic outcome measures such as perceived wellness or a healthy lifestyle; and additional issues such as the collective SOC, measuring other central constructs in the salutogenic model and the importance of literature reviews and meta-studies. Excellent recommendations are given for ways forward.
The Digital Lifeworld and Salutogenesis
Authors: Saboga-Nunes Luis , Bittlingmayer Uwe H. , Bakibinga Pauline
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors explore salutogenesis in the context of the ‘digital world’, concerning both high- and low-resource countries. The digital world is rapidly developing and can transcend physical and financial barriers of health care and health promotion. The digital world also has many challenges, especially for equity. On the one hand, digitalization carries the risk of excluding many people – also healthcare workers – because they cannot access the digital world or do not have the technical skills to understand it (make sense of it). On the other hand, the digital world offers both new generalized resistance resources (GRRs) and specific resistance resources (SRRs) to improve population health and promote healthy lifestyles and health literacy. The authors nicely illustrate how the sense of coherence (SOC) helps people find a balance in the digital world’s stress-rich environment. Important steps forward in this field include work to strengthen the evidence base and to document the preconditions for a digital world that supports decision making in health care, health behaviour change (e.g. quitting smoking) and – above all – supports empowerment and social justice.
Salutogenesis Post-Graduate Education: Experience From the European Perspective on the ETC-PHHP Health Promotion Summer Schools (1991–2020)
Authors: Vaandrager Lenneke , Bonmatí-Tomàs Anna , Hofmeister Arnd , Alvarez-Dardet Carlos , Contu Paolo , Koelen Maria , Ortiz-Barreda Gaby , Masanotti Giuseppe , Boonekamp Gwendolijn , Kennedy Lynne , Pocetta Giancarlo , Canal Dolors Juvinya , Garista Patrizia , Lindström Bengt , Wrzesińska Magdalena
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors, representing The Netherlands, Spain, Germany, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom and Poland, trace the development of higher education in salutogenesis in Europe, spanning 30 years. At this time, the annual summer schools of the European Training Consortium in Public Health and Health Promotion (ETC-PHHP) have trained more than 700 participants from 60 countries. Perhaps the most distinguished member of the summer school’s faculty – at least from the perspective of advancing salutogenesis as a theory for health promotion – is Aaron Antonovsky, who participated in the 1992 edition of the course in Gothenburg, Sweden.
Key Concepts in the Salutogenic Model of Health
Authors: Eriksson Monica
Published: January 2022

Part II starts with a description of the theoretical framework of the salutogenic model of health, with special focus on the key concepts and reflection on the ontological and epistemological background of the health model, which so far is little explored and described (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_9). In Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_10, the focus is on how the sense of coherence (SOC) influences stressor appraisal, positively as well as negatively. In Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_11, measurement issues are addressed concerning Aaron Antonovsky’s original SOC questionnaires of 29 items and of 13 items, as well as several modified translations applicable at the individual, the family, the organization, and the community levels. Chapter 10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_12 presents and discusses theoretical considerations and empirical findings regarding the concepts: generalized resistance resources (GRRs) and generalized resistance deficits (GRDs). Part II closes with a discussion of the conceptual and concrete differences between generalized and specific resistance resources in the salutogenic model of health (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_13).
Finns in the Colonial World
Authors: Merivirta Raita , Koivunen Leila , Särkkä Timo
Published: January 2022

Utilizing such concepts as “colonial complicity” and “colonialism without colonies”, this chapter examines the case of Finns and Finland as a nation that was once oppressed but also itself complicit in colonialism. It argues that although the Finnish nation has historically been positioned in Europe between western and eastern empires, Finns were not only passive victims of (Russian) imperial rule but also active participants in the creation of imperial vocabulary in various colonial contexts, including Sápmi in the North.

This chapter argues that although Finns never had overseas colonies, they were involved in the colonial world, sending out colonizers and producing images of colonial “others”, when they, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, felt the need to project themselves as white and European (not Russian or non-white, such as Mongols). Finns adopted, adapted, and created common European knowledge about colonized areas, cultures, and people and participated in constructing racial hierarchies. These racialized notions were also applied to the Sámi. Furthermore, Finns benefitted economically from colonialism, sent out missionaries to Owambo in present-day Namibia to spread the ideas of Western/White/Christian superiority and instruct the Owambo in European ways. Finns were also involved in several colonial enterprises of other European colonizing powers, such as in the Belgian Congo or aboard Captain Cook’s vessel on his journey to the Antipodes.
Colonialism, Race, and White Innocence in Finnish Children’s Literature: Anni Swan’s 1920s’ Serial “Uutisasukkaana Austraaliassa”
Authors: Merivirta Raita
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on colonialism, race, and White innocence in Finnish 1920s’ children’s literature, arguing that children’s literature was an influential channel through which colonial discourse and public colonial imagination were created, consumed, and circulated in Finland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. As an example of such literature, Merivirta examines the Finnish children’s author Anni Swan’s serial “Uutisasukkaana Austraaliassa” (“Living as Settlers in Australia”, 1926). The serial depicts a Finnish settler family’s life in Queensland, focusing on their encounters with First Nations people. The chapter explores how colonialism and race in the Australian context are depicted and racial and cultural hierarchies constructed in Swan’s text. The chapter shows that Swan’s text circulates a number of common European and American colonial tropes and portrays Finnish settler colonialism in Australia as innocent and noncolonial.
Missions: For Whom Does the Company Exist?
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Rey Carlos
Published: January 2022

The unbundling of the corporate purpose in specific missions is a central question for management by missions (MBM). Missions, understood as the contributions that characterize the purpose, have been present in management life for close to half a century and today are one of the main management tools used by companies around the world. In this chapter, we discuss the relationship between purpose and missions. More specifically, we show how management by missions nurtures the development of purpose in three fundamental dimensions: content, credibility and sense of urgency.
Deploying Purpose
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Rey Carlos
Published: January 2022

The main challenge of management by missions (MBM) is to bring the purpose to life for employees at all levels, so that it becomes more than just a generic statement. In this chapter, we introduce the concept of “shared missions,” which distribute the company’s missions at all levels of the company. Through the shared missions, the corporate purpose is deployed throughout the company’s various areas, teams and, eventually, each individual.
Tools for Managing Purpose
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Rey Carlos
Published: January 2022

In order to successfully implement management by missions (MBM), it is necessary to redesign “traditional” management tools—typically grounded in an MBO philosophy—so that they are oriented toward the corporate purpose. In this chapter, we discuss how to do this on five basic management areas: strategic planning, deployment of objectives, missions’ scorecard, talent development and performance appraisal.
Missions-Driven Leadership
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Rey Carlos
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, we present the leadership style required by management by missions (MBM). We first make a brief review of the different types of leadership that have been proposed in the past: transactional, transformational and transcendental leadership. And then, we propose the key competencies of missions-driven leadership (MDL) structured in four areas: commitment with purpose and missions, developing a culture of cooperation through a sense of purpose, ability to implement the changes required by the organization’s purpose and the struggle for control the personal ego.
Introduction: Memorialising Shakespeare, Memorialising Ourselves
Authors: Smialkowska Monika , King Edmund G. C.
Published: January 2022

This introductory chapter starts by situating Shakespeare commemoration in the context of recent theory on cultural and collective memory. It then examines the relationship between literary memorialisation and the nation state before problematising commemoration events outside Europe in the context of postcolonial and decolonial theory. Commemoration events have become fraught, it suggests, because of a growing tendency to focus on the politics of the present. This presentist position, which typically represents the values and interests of the past and present as radically opposed to one another, presents challenges for traditional modes of memorialisation, which in the past have sought to demonstrate positive links and continuities between the literatures and cultures of past and present. The introduction concludes with a set of detailed summaries of the chapters in the volume.
Defining ‘Responsible’ in Responsible Research and Innovation: The Case of Quadruple Helix Innovation in the Energy Sector in the Tampere Region
Authors: Mehari Yohannes , Pekkola Elias , Hjelt Jonna , Cai Yuzhuo , Stenvall Jari , Ortega-Colomer Francisco Javier
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to investigate the social innovation process in the innovation ecosystem of the Tampere region, taking the energy sector as an example. It focuses on analysing how responsible research and innovation (RRI) activities are understood by regional stakeholders, particularly regarding how the roles of different actors (universities, public agencies, industry, and citizens) are constituted, and how different actors facilitate social innovation. The research questions are approached by the conceptual framework of Quadruple Helix which is useful for understanding the roles of citizens and interwoven fabric in innovation ecosystems, including social innovation. Empirically, the paper is based on analysing qualitative interviews with 12 stakeholders in the energy sector in Tampere. It is supplemented by analysing national and regional documents related to energy policies and the role of research and universities as well as citizens in sustainable (economic) development. Based on our findings the responsibility in research and innovation activities is not defined by utilising existing conceptual approaches or EU policies, such as RRI.
A Human-Centric Co-creation Platform for Solving Wicked Social Challenges
Authors: Perikangas Sofi , Kostilainen Harri , Paananen Reija , Määttä Anne , Kainulainen Sakari
Published: January 2022

This article introduces DiakHub, a co-creation platform developed on a quadruple helix framework. DiakHub’s innovation activities aim at leading to more functional human-centred service systems and service processes. Human-centric solutions are sought to address problems across governance and administrative silos and boundaries, particularly targeted at the most vulnerable joint service users with complex needs and multiple service agency use. As a University of Applied Sciences, Diak has a unique profile in the Finnish education sector. Its RDI activities focus on improving the wellbeing of those in the most vulnerable positions through co-creating societal innovations, services, and capacity building. DiakHub activity can be verified through co-creation RDI activities and public service innovations. The role of students is central; while engaged in DiakHub activities, they become co-designers and experts, participating in the teaching and RDI activities they are exposed to during their studies.
Possibilities of Social Bonds Using to Finance Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Konovalova Natalia
Published: January 2022

In many countries, funding for higher education institutions is insufficient and requires the search for new financial instruments and financing models. One such financing model could be the issuance of social impact bonds aimed at improving the efficiency of higher education institutions. The study focuses on the use of financial instruments as social bonds for additional funding of higher education institutions. The peculiarities of social bonds and the possibilities of their application in the field of higher education are explored in the paper. The results of the study comprise three proposed innovative approaches to the development of a mechanism for the issuance of bonds. The first approach assumes that the issuer of social bonds in favour of the university is a bank or other financial institution. The second approach is based on the methodology of issuing social bonds by a university with the participation of the state. The third approach to the use of social bonds is the creation of a platform for financing long-term educational programs; it can be done with the participation of a large company implementing large-scale socio-economic projects. Such platform will have a great social and economic effect.