bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Edge Resolvability of Double Generalized Petersen Graphs
Authors: Iqbal Tanveer , Rafiq Muhammad , Azhar Muhammad Naeem , Salman Muhammad , Khalid Imran
Published: April 2022

For a connected graph G = (V(G), E(G)), let v ∈ V(G) be a vertex and e = uw  ∈ E(G) be an edge. The distance between the vertex v and the edge e is given by dG(e, v) = min{dG(u, v), dG(w, v)}. A vertex w ∈ V(G) distinguishes two edges e1, e2 ∈ E(G) if dG(w, e1) ≠ dG(w, e2). A well‐known graph invariant related to resolvability of graph edges, namely, the edge resolving set, is studied for a family of 3‐regular graphs. A set S of vertices in a connected graph G is an edge metric generator for G if every two edges of G are distinguished by some vertex of S. The smallest cardinality of an edge metric generator for G is called the edge metric dimension and is denoted by βe(G). As a main result, we investigate the minimum number of vertices which works as the edge metric generator of double generalized Petersen graphs, DGP(n, 1). We have proved that βe(DGP(n,1)) = 4 when n ≡ 0,1,3(mod4) and βe(DGP(n, 1)) = 3 when n ≡ 2(mod4).
Hydrological Drought Analysis using Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) in Ethiopia
Authors: Tareke Kassa Abera , Awoke Admasu Gebeyehu
Published: April 2022

Drought is a natural disaster that has impacts on society, the environment, and the ecosystem. Ethiopia faced many horrible severe drought events in the last few decades. Even though there are some drought-related studies in the country, most of the investigations were focused on meteorological drought analysis. This study was focused on hydrological drought analysis in Ethiopia using the streamflow drought index (SDI). The main objective was to identify drought-prone areas and severe drought events years. Streamflow data were collected from 34 stations to analyze SDI in seasonal (3-month) and annual (12-month) timescales. The analysis implies that seasonal time scale (3-month) hydrological drought has a high frequency of occurrence but short duration, whereas annual (12-month) analysis has a low frequency with a large magnitude. The overall result shows that 1984/85, 1986/87, 2002/03, and 2010/11 were the most severe and extreme drought years in all river basins. The 1980s were found severe and extreme drought years in which most hydrological drought events occurred in the country. The spatial analysis shows that Tekeze, Abbay, and Baro river basins have similar characters; Awash and Rift Valley River basins show relatively the same character, and Genale Dawa and Wabishebele river basins have a similar character. But Omo Gibe River basin has a unique character in which the severe drought occurred in a different year of other river basins.
Applying Machine Learning to Chemical Industry: A Self-Adaptive GA-BP Neural Network-Based Predictor of Gasoline Octane Number
Authors: Tao Xingzhen , Liu Yue , Li Haiping , Xie Yufei , Peng Lin , Li Chao , Guo Lingling , Zhang Yinling
Published: April 2022

Octane number is a measure of gasoline’s ability to resist detonation and combustion in the cylinder; the higher the value, the better the resistance to detonation. The accurate prediction of octane loss during gasoline refining could facilitate production management and ensure gasoline octane. The backpropagation neural network is a traditional method adopted for the octane loss prediction, but there exists the issues of low training accuracy and poor generalization in the traditional BP neural network model caused by randomly generated weights and thresholds at input. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to optimize the weights and thresholds for gasoline octane number prediction based on a self-adaptive genetic algorithm. The experimental result shows that the proposed model outperforms in accuracy and generalization in the competition with the traditional BP neural network. The coefficient of determination

R

2

of the performance index in the experiment is improved from 0.81502 to 0.95628, and the average prediction error among 10 groups of experiments was reduced from 0.0061 to 0.0041.
Motion Tracking and Detection System Based on Motion Sensor
Authors: Li Peng , Zhou Jihe
Published: April 2022

To solve the problem of large error of motion MEMS sensor in motion trajectory detection, a motion trajectory tracking and detection system based on motion sensor is proposed. The principle of trajectory tracking is that the three-dimensional velocity and displacement can be obtained by integrating the acceleration. In this paper, acceleration sensor is used to obtain acceleration data of moving object. In order to reduce the data measurement error, a Kalman filter is designed and implemented to eliminate random noise. Aiming at the system nonlinear error, a two speed sampling compensation algorithm is designed and implemented by using the random characteristics of kernel process scheduling algorithm. The system accuracy is significantly improved without increasing the computational burden. According to the characteristics of floating-point instruction system on Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) platform, the algorithms of process core modules such as square root and matrix multiplication are optimized and improved, which greatly improves the computing performance of the system. According to the results of the study, the average error of measurement of X-line displacement measurement of the space control system is 8.06%, the average error of measurement of Y-line displacement measurement is 7.41%, the average error of measurement of Z-line displacement measurement is 9.61%, and the average error of 3D dimensional measurement is 7.6%. The effectiveness and feasibility of the system are verified.
Optimal Placement of Measuring Devices for Distribution System State Estimation Using Dragonfly Algorithm
Authors: Aflaki Arshia , Gitizadeh Mohsen , Ghasemi Ali Akbar , Okedu Kenneth E.
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the challenges of optimal measurement devices placement (MDP) in the distribution system by considering the improvement of accuracy and speed for state estimation (SE) in the presence of distributed generations (DGs). We assumed that active and reactive power measurements (both injection and flow) with voltage magnitude measurements were used to estimate the power system’s state. The paper employed phase measurement unit (PMU) and smart meters, which are the two commonly used measuring devices. For numerical evaluation of the system, the power system states are based on the angle and magnitude of voltages at every bus. The issues normally experienced in the optimal measurement devices placement in distribution networks were investigated using the binary dragonfly algorithm (BDA), in this study. As a way forward to proffer solutions to these issues, a fair compromise between accuracy, speed, and the number of measurements (NoMs) was reached, and the proposed solution was tested in two different scenarios applied in the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system. The results illustrate that by increasing the accuracy, NoMs and the cost are going to rise as well. On the other hand, by escalating the speed, NoMs decrease and the accuracy falls dramatically.
A New Interactive Decision Approach with Probabilistic Linguistic Data: An Application in the Academic Sector
Authors: Ravichandran K.S. , Krishankumar R. , Deb Sibnath , Pamucar Dragan , Paul David , Božanić Darko
Published: April 2022

As an innovative generalization to a linguistic term set, the probabilistic variant is gaining abundant attraction in the decision process. However, earlier studies with this variant for decision-making have not adequately explored hesitation in data articulation and interactive ranking. Driven by the claim, in this paper, a new integrated approach is put forward under the probabilistic linguistic context, which attempts to address the claims by presenting a regret/rejoice technique and an interactive WASPAS algorithm for determining the significance of factors and personalized ranking of alternatives. To test the usefulness of the approach, the online course prioritization problem based on empirical data is exemplified, and a comparison demonstrates the benefits and limitations of the proposed work.
Cell-Free DNA, Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and Endothelial Injury in Coronavirus Disease 2019– (COVID-19–) Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Henry Brandon Michael , de Oliveira Maria Helena Santos , Cheruiyot Isaac , Benoit Justin , Rose James , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Lippi Giuseppe , Benoit Stefanie , Pode Shakked Naomi
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release (i.e., NETosis) has been recently implicated in the pathomechanism underlying severe end-organ damage in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and could present a novel therapeutic target. We aimed to determine whether circulating levels of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a surrogate for NETosis, may be associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), a major contributor to poor outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. Methods: Blood samples were collected prospectively from adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 presenting to the emergency department (ED). Circulating levels of cfDNA were quantified from patients’ serum. Further assessment of correlations between cfDNA levels and markers of AKI (i.e., serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL)), biomarkers of thrombotic microangiopathy and of inflammation in patients’ serum was performed. Results: Fifty-one COVID-19 patients were enrolled. cfDNA levels were found to be significantly higher in those who developed severe AKI (

p
<
0.001

) and those needing renal replacement therapy (

p
=
0.020

). cfDNA positively correlated with ED SCr, NGAL, cystatin C, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C3a, C5a, Scb5-9, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, LDH, CRP, ferritin, and fibrinogen and negatively correlated with ADAMTS13/von-Willebrand factor ratio and lymphocyte count. In a multivariate logistic regression, a one-unit increase in cfDNA value was associated with 4.6% increased odds of severe AKI (

OR
=
1.046

;

p
=
0.040

). Finally, cfDNA significantly correlated with established NETs components, myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil elastase. Conclusion: Intravascular NETosis could be an important contributing factor in the development of microthrombosis and COVID-19-associated AKI. Further research is urgently needed to understand the role of NETosis in COVID-19 and evaluate therapeutic avenues for targeting this process.
Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Compounds from Aspergillus fumigatus: An Endophytic Fungus from a Mangrove Plant of the Sundarbans
Authors: Zihad S. M. Neamul Kabir , Hasan Md. Towhid , Sultana Mst Sabiha , Nath Sushmita , Nahar Lutfun , Rashid Mohammad A. , Uddin Shaikh Jamal , Sarker Satyajit D. , Shilpi Jamil A.
Published: April 2022

The Sundarbans, a UNESCO world heritage site, is one of the largest mangrove forests in one stretch. Mangrove plants from this forest are little studied for their endophytic fungi. In this study, we isolated fourteen endophytic fungi from the plants Ceriops decandra and Avicennia officinalis collected from the Sundarbans. Five of them were identified as Aspergillus sp. and one as Penicillium sp. by macroscopic and microscopic observation. Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts obtained from these endophytes was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using resazurin-based microtiter assay. The isolated endophytes showed varying degrees of antibacterial activity with MICs ranging between 5 and 0.078 mg/mL. Molecular identification of the most active endophyte revealed its identity as Aspergillus fumigatus obtained from the leaves of C. decandra. Acute toxicity study of the ethyl acetate extract of A. fumigatus in mice revealed no mortality even at the highest dose of 2000 mg/kg bodyweight, though some opposing results are found in the subacute toxicity study. The extract was subjected to silica gel and Sephadex column chromatography resulting in the isolation of three pure compounds. LC-MS analysis of these pure compounds revealed their identity as fumigaclavine C, azaspirofuran B, and fraxetin. This is the first report of fraxetin from A. fumigatus. All three identified compounds were previously reported for their antibacterial activity against different strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the observed antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of A. fumigatus could be due to the presence of these compounds. These results support the notion of investigating fungal endophytes from the Sundarbans for new antimicrobial compounds.
Predictors of Kidney Outcomes of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Large Chinese Cohort
Authors: Jia Xiao-Yan , Xu Hui-Yan , Jia Xiao-Yu , Cui Zhao , Zhao Ming-Hui
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rare but the most aggressive form of glomerulonephritis. To dissect the prognostic factors, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of a large cohort and compared the clinical features and prognosis during decades. Methods: Data on clinical manifestation, treatment, and prognosis were collected. Cox models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to investigate the predictors for outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to compare kidney and patient survival. Results: A total of 448 patients were enrolled. Patient survival and kidney survival at 1 year was 69.4% and 37.7%, respectively. During the past 3 decades, mortality at 3 months and 1 year significantly dropped from 37.5% and 57.1% in 1991–2000 to 2.8% and 6.9% in 2011–2020 (p < 0.001), respectively; kidney prognosis showed a tendency of improvement as well. Serum creatinine (Scr) on diagnosis (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.29) and crescent percentage (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.34–2.24) were independent predictors for end-stage kidney disease. ROC curve showed that the optimal cutoff point of Scr on diagnosis for prediction of dialysis dependency at 1 year was 536.4 μmol/L (sensitivity 88.3% and specificity 80.8%). Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) positivity (HR, 4.43; 95% CI, 1.72–11.38) was a predictor for mortality. Plasma exchange was associated with a better patient prognosis (HR, 0.40; 95% CI 0.16–0.95). Conclusion: Scr on diagnosis and percentage of crescents were predictors for kidney outcomes. Positive ANCA was a predictor for mortality. Overall patient prognosis of anti-GBM disease was improved during the past 3 decades.
Progress bei ILD: Wann ist eine Rebiopsie sinnvoll?
Authors: Wagner Manfred
Published: April 2022

Background: The usefulness and safety of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) for reassessment of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) with progression is still unknown. Our purpose was to clarify the usefulness and safety of TBLC for reassessment of DPLD with progression. Methods: This retrospective study included 31 patients with DPLD diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy who progressed in the clinical course and underwent TBLC for reassessment between January 2017 and September 2019 at Kanagawa Cardiovascular & Respiratory Center. Two pulmonologists independently selected the clinical diagnosis, treatment strategy, and confidence level of the treatment strategy based on clinical and radiological information with and without pathological information from TBLC. A consensus was reached among the pulmonologists regarding the clinical diagnosis, treatment strategy, and confidence level of the treatment strategy. Complications of TBLC were also examined. Results: Seven (22.6%), 5 (16.1%), and 6 (19.4%) of clinical diagnosis was changed after TBLC for Pulmonologist A, for Pulmonologist B, and for consensus, respectively. The treatment strategy was changed in 7 (22.6%), 8 (25.9%), and 6 (19.4%) cases after TBLC for Pulmonologist A, for Pulmonologist B and for consensus, respectively. The definite or high confidence level of the consensus treatment strategy was 54.8% (17/31) without TBLC and 83.9% (26/31) with TBLC. There were 6 cases of moderate bleeding, but no other complications were noted. Conclusions: Pathological information from TBLC may contribute to decision-making in treatment strategies for the progression of DPLD, and it may be safely performed.
Development of a High-Color Flow Cytometry Panel for Immunologic Analysis of Tissue Injury and Reconstruction in a Rat Model
Authors: Adusei Kenneth M. , Ngo Tran B. , Alfonso Andrea L. , Lokwani Ravi , DeStefano Sabrina , Karkanitsa Maria , Spathies Jacquelyn , Goldman Stephen M. , Dearth Christopher L. , Sadtler Kaitlyn N.
Published: April 2022

The rat model is an important resource in biomedical research due to its similarities to the human immune system and its use for functional studies. However, because of the preponderance of mouse models in foundational and mechanistic immunological studies, there is a relative lack of diverse, commercially available flow cytometry antibodies for immunological profiling in the rat model. Available antibodies are often conjugated to common fluorophores with similar peak emission wavelengths, making them hard to distinguish on conventional flow cytometers and restricting more comprehensive immune analysis. This can become a limitation when designing immunological studies in rat injury models to investigate the immune response to tissue injury. In addition, this lack of available antibodies limits the number of studies that can be done on the immune populations in lymphoid organs in other research areas. To address this critical unmet need, we designed a spectral flow cytometry panel for rat models. Spectral cytometry distinguishes between different fluorophores by capturing their full emission spectra instead of their peak emission wavelengths. This flow cytometry panel includes 24 distinct immune cell markers to analyze the innate and adaptive immune response. Importantly, this panel identifies different immune phenotypes, including tolerogenic, Type 1, and Type 2 immune responses. We show that this panel can identify unique immune populations and phenotypes in a rat muscle trauma model. We further validated that the panel can identify distinct adaptive and innate immune populations and their unique phenotypes in lymphoid organs. This panel expands the scope of previous rat panels providing a tool for scientists to examine the immune system in homeostasis and injury while pairing mechanistic immunological studies with functional studies.
A new name for Piper serrulatum Chaveer. & Tanee (Piperaceae)
Authors: IDREES MUHAMMAD , ZHANG ZHIYONG
Published: April 2022

N/A
A new genus of caponiid spiders with its phylogenetic placement within Nopinae and the description of a new species of Orthonops Chamberlin, 1924 from Eastern Mexico (Araneae: Synspermiata, Caponiidae)
Authors: GALÁN-SÁNCHEZ M. ANTONIO , ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA FERNANDO
Published: April 2022

A new caponiid genus, Aamunops gen. n., is described and its phylogenetic placement within Nopinae tested using a published morphological data matrix. This genus includes four species collected during three standardized inventories in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. All specimens were collected inside plots of oak forests and tropical wet forests fragments, from leaf litter using active searching, sifted litter processed with Berlese funnels and pitfall traps. Aamunops gen. n. was recovered monophyletic under equal and implied weighting schemes including the following species: Aamunops olmeca sp. n., A. chimpa sp. n., A. misi sp. n. and A. noono sp. n. An additional character for females and two new characters states for males were added to the published dataset. In addition, Orthonops confuso sp. n. is described and its phylogenetic affinities discussed. More information regarding these inventories and additional images for the described species can be found online at http://www.unamfcaracnolab.com
Amitermes californicus Banks, 1920 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) resurrected after ninety years of synonymy and A. floridensis Scheffrahn, 1989 synonymized into A. wheeleri (Desneux, 1906)
Authors: SCHEFFRAHN RUDOLF H.
Published: April 2022

Amitermes californicus Banks, 1920 was described from southern California and southern Arizona but was later synonymized with A. wheeleri (Desneux, 1906) from Texas. Examination of material across the southwestern Nearctic and Mexico revealed that both are good species that are easily separated by the soldier mandibles. Amitermes floridensis Scheffrahn, 1989 is now a synonym of A. wheeleri. The establishment of A. wheeleri (=floridensis) in Florida is suggested to be the result of the ornamental palm trade from the southwestern United States. New collection records show that A. wheeleri has not been found in California.
Maternal Erotic Transferences and the Work of the Abject
Authors: Celenza Andrea
Published: April 2022

Kristeva’s profound and comprehensive understanding of maternal eroticism allows us to examine the ways in which a negative maternal transference, structured through the work of the abject, can be viewed as a maternal erotic transference in its devitalizing form. Through the use of a clinical case, the revitalizing experiences of maternal eroticism within analytic process facilitate the emergence of a maternal erotic transference in its vitalizing form. The lack of erotic dimensions in maternal transferences, it is argued, may be viewed as present absences, and the development of a positive maternal erotic transference as an achievement. André Green’s visual-spatial metaphor of foreclosed space is extended as an imploding force wherein abject signifiers do their devitalizing work. In contrast, the usable space of a healthy psychoanalytic process is viewed as the envelope around which abject signifiers emerge, becoming available for psychoanalytic work. A transformation related to the author’s experiences with her dying mother is shown to have expanded her containing capacities, including new areas of patience and receptivity. These dynamics are placed within the context of a multiverse conception of maternal eroticism, including the analyst’s disciplined receptivity, viewed as an eternal signifier of the maternal.
The Psychoanalytic Study of Suicide, Part II: An Integration of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice
Authors: Schechter Mark , Goldblatt Mark J. , Ronningstam Elsa , Herbstman Benjamin
Published: April 2022

In Part I contemporary psychoanalytic concepts about suicide were synthesized with other theories and empirical research findings. Here the focus is on applying those principles and describing an integrative psychodynamic approach to treatment, one emphasizing the therapeutic alliance, unconscious and implicit processes, exploration of fantasy, and use of the therapeutic relationship as an implicitly interpretive vehicle for change. It is “integrative” because it draws on ideas and techniques described in dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), as well on developmental and social psychology research. Psychotherapy with suicidal patients is inherently challenging, requiring the therapist to bear intense emotional pain while attending to potentially derailing countertransference pressures. The therapist plays an active role in helping the patient navigate affect storms and counter harsh self-attack, and instilling hope that treatment can lead to meaningful change. The integrative psychodynamic approach offers a pathway to a lessening of harsh self-judgment, greater connection with the body, improvement in continuity of experience, positive changes in narrative identity, emergence of the patient’s genuine capacities, and more satisfying interpersonal relationships. These changes promote affect tolerance, improve life satisfaction, and decrease the likelihood of suicidal behavior.
Right Vocal Cord Paralysis Caused by Histoplasmosis: A Case Report
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Auger Samuel , Cipriani Nicole A. , Baird Brandon J.
Published: April 2022

Objectives:

Histoplasma capsulatum is a prevalent dimorphic fungus, reaching an exposure rate of 90% in endemic areas such as the Midwest and Central United States. We report an unusual presentation of dysphonia due to right vocal cord paralysis caused by mediastinal lymphadenopathy from histoplasmosis.

Methods:

A 73-year-old male presented to an otolaryngology clinic with 4 months of hoarseness. Flexible strobolaryngoscopy demonstrated right vocal cord paralysis in lateral position and a full length glottic gap. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed enlargement of a right paratracheal node.

Results:

A lymph node biopsy was obtained and showed histoplasmosis. He was treated with a 3-month course of pozaconazole. He then received a vocal cord medialization injection 2 months after symptom onset, which produced favorable improvement of his symptoms at 8-month follow up.

Conclusions:

One other case report in the literature has reported left vocal cord paralysis related to histoplasmosis. This first case of right vocal cord paralysis was extremely unusual and is not often included in the differential diagnosis of vocal cord paralysis.
Mapping of cracking sequence of polyvinyl alcohol-steel hybrid fiber reinforced high-strength engineered cementitious composite under uniaxial tension
Authors: Xie Shixiang , Pei Tianchen , Chang Jiang , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2022

In the present paper, cracking sequence of high-strength engineered cementitious composite with the characteristic of low drying shrinkage (LSECC) under tension was experimentally studied by continually photographing during loading. The specific objective is to investigate the development of crack opening of each individual crack occurred during loading. Four Engineered cementations composite mixtures with water to binder ratio of 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 (LSECC-0.20, LSECC-0.25, LSECC-0.30, and LSECC-0.35) were used in the tests. Using the photographers taken during the test, crack width of each crack occurred during loading are determined according to the difference between solid material and crack on gray level. The test results show that cracks in ECC under tensile load are formed according to a temporal sequence. The opening width of each crack grows in a controllable and gradual manner with the increase of tensile strain. At a given strain level, crack width of different crack is not equal and the distribution of crack width is affected by matrix strength of the composite. Maximum crack width and the tensile strain capacity at the moment may be utilized to characterize the tensile performance of the composite that can guarantee both of tensile ductility and long-term durability. As maximum crack width equals 60 μm, at which the permeability of ECC may not be influenced by the cracks, higher strength ECC with water to binder ratio of 0.20 and 0.25 (LSECC-0.20 and LSECC-0.25) shows obvious higher tensile strain capacity and more cracks of narrow opening. By contrast, lower strength ECC with water to binder ratio of 0.30 and 0.35 (LSECC-0.30 and LSECC-0.35) shows relatively lower tensile strain and fewer cracks of narrow crack opening as crack width is limited below 60 μm. With the increase of tensile strain and the maximum crack width, much wider cracks (larger than 60 μm) are formed in lower strength ECC comparing to that of higher strength ECC.
Comedy as dissonant rhetoric
Authors: Lambek Simon
Published: April 2022

This article considers the normative and critical value of popular comedy. I begin by assembling and evaluating a range of political theory literature on comedy. I argue that popular comedy can be conducive to both critical and transformative democratic effects, but that these effects are contingent on the way comedic performances are received by audiences. I illustrate this by means of a case study of a comedic climate change ‘debate’ from the television show, Last Week Tonight. Drawing from recent scholarship on deliberation, judgment and rhetoric, I highlight both critical and transformative dimensions of the performance. I attribute these to the vignette’s likely reception, which I describe as ‘dissonant’ – unresolved, affectively turbulent and aesthetically attuned. I argue that comedy is uniquely positioned to spur such ‘dissonant’ modes of engagement and, in so doing, to promote acknowledgement and reflective judgment.
A Restorative Justice Intervention in United States Prisons: Implications of Intervention Timing, Age, and Gender on Recidivism
Authors: Richner Kailey A. , Pavelka Sandra , McChargue Dennis E.
Published: April 2022

Restorative justice seeks to balance the needs of the victim, offender, and community by repairing the harm caused by crime and wrongdoing and improving the prosocial competencies and accountability of the offender in response to an offense. Restorative justice interventions (RJIs) offer an alternative method to reduce harm and short- and long-term recidivism. However, empirical validation of mechanisms and moderating factors warrant additional inquiry within jail and prison settings. Thus, the authors sought to examine RJI delivery timing on recidivism outcomes with age and gender as moderators. A final sample of 1,316 individuals (49.8% female) incarcerated in several United States prisons received an RJI between 2001 and 2017. RJI timing did not relate to binary recidivism. However, women recidivated less than men and older individual recidivated less than younger individuals. For the subsample of reoffenders ( n = 283), RJIs delivered closer to release increased the amount of time before recidivism. Delivering RJIs closer to release from prison may allow for other community programs to intervene and reduce recidivism even further.
Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in multiple blood transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients in Asia: A systemic review
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Mazhar , Rasool Ghulam , Baig Ibrahim Salam , Mahmood Zahed , Munir Naveed , Mahmood Tahir Imtiaz , Ali Shah Syed Muhammad , Akram Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Background

Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia marked by a defect in synthesizing one or more globin chains in hemoglobin. In Pakistan, approximately 10,000 patients with thalassemia are primarily dependent on blood transfusions. The β-thalassemia patients require blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Patients who need blood transfusions are at an increased risk of contracting transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), as well as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Objective

This systemic review aims to assess the prevalence of TTIs in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients in Asia.

Methods

The data for the systematic review were gathered from PubMed, Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: “prevalence, HBV, HCV, HIV, thalassemia, and transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs)," and so on. This review includes the research articles that address the prevalence of viral infections in thalassemic patients following blood transfusion.

Results

A preliminary search of various databases identified 231 potential studies. 157 duplicate studies were eliminated, and the eligibility of 59 full-length articles was determined. Only 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 43 studies analyzed, 11 reported a high prevalence of HCV alone in thalassemic patients, while 21 reported a high prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in thalassemic patients. Eight studies reported the prevalence of all three TTIs examined, namely, HCV, HBV, and HIV, in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia.

Conclusion

Preventable transfusion-transmitted infections occur frequently, and robust national policies and hemovigilance are required to detect and mitigate the infection risk.
Pediatric Astrocytomas and Their Association With Polymorphisms in Embryonic Stem Cell Marker Genes
Authors: Morais de Castro Eduardo , Barbosa Leonardo Vinícius , Fonseca Aline Simoneti , Nagashima Seigo , Vaz de Paula Caroline Busatta , Zeni Rafaela , Cavalli Luciane R. , Torres Luiz Fernando Bleggi , de Noronha Lucia , Machado-Souza Cleber
Published: April 2022

Background

Embryonic stem cell markers, such as SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4, are transcription factors expressed in pluripotent stem cells, involved in the mediation of pluripotency and self-renewal. Especially after the discovery of cancer stem cells, these proteins have been associated with several types of neoplasia, including astrocytomas. In the pediatric population, astrocytomas are the most common solid neoplasia and present the highest mortality rates.

Methods

Our study evaluated 5 polymorphisms in SOX2, NANOG, and POU5F1 genes in 101 pediatric astrocytoma samples.

Results

We describe the associations between wild and polymorphic alleles in astrocytomas.

Conclusions

In our results, the intronic polymorphic G allele in SOX2 rs77677339 [G/A] had a borderline association with low-grade astrocytomas, and the intronic polymorphic T allele in NANOG rs10845877 [C/T] showed a higher frequency in grade 2, compared to grade 1 astrocytomas, thus showing promising results.

Impact

Our study is relevant because it shows a potential correlation between polymorphic embryonic stem cell marker genes and pediatric astrocytomas.
Turning performance analysis and optimization of processing parameters using GRA-PSO approach in sustainable manufacturing
Authors: Panigrahi Ramai Ranjan , Panda Amlana , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , kumar Ramanuj , Mishra Rasmi Ranjan
Published: April 2022

The main aim of this research work is to examine the impact of input process factors (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on machining characteristics (arithmetic mean surface roughness, tool flank face wear and tool chip interface temperature) and further to optimize during turning of Incoloy alloy 800. The cutting tool used was PVD multilayer coated (TiAlN-TIN) carbide insert. The experiment was performed based on Taguchi L27 methodology with a focus on the sustainability of turning. Sustainable manufacturing is considered for accomplishing overall efficiency with regard to economic, environmental and social aspects. The ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was employed to assess the contributions of input process variables on cutting variable outputs. Further, the main effect diagrams exemplified the influences of main parameters on response variables. ANOVA analysis results demonstrated that the feed rate was the most leading factor that affects average surface roughness. The relationship(s) among input process factors and the evaluated measured outputs are determined using a quadratic regression model. Taguchi grey relational analysis has been implemented to trial results so as to optimize responses. The results revealed that the grey relational grade is significantly improved (0.308) through the setting of optimal parametric combinations. This integrated Grey–Taguchi approach was established quite effectual for simultaneously optimization of multifaceted machining output responses of turning process. This study provides a novel strategy to develop the machining efficiency of Incoloy 800 steel toward the improvement of sustainable processes and provide suitable applications in aerospace industry.
Estimation of multiple ordered ROC curves using placement values
Authors: Ghosal Soutik , Grantz Katherine L , Chen Zhen
Published: April 2022

In many diagnostic accuracy studies, a priori orders may be available on multiple receiver operating characteristic curves. For example, being closer to delivery, fetal ultrasound measures in the third trimester should be no less accurate than those in the second trimester in predicting small-for-gestational-age births. Such an a priori order should be incorporated in estimating receiver operating characteristic curves and associated summary accuracy statistics, as it can potentially improve statistical efficiency of these estimates. Early work in the literature has mainly taken an indirect approach to this task and has induced the desired a priori order through modeling test score distributions. We instead propose a new strategy that incorporates the order directly through the modeling of receiver operating characteristic curves. We achieve this by exploiting the link between placement value (the relative position of a diseased test score in the healthy score distribution), the cumulative distribution function of placement value, and receiver operating characteristic curve, and by building stochastically ordered random variables through mixture distributions. We take a Bayesian semiparametric approach in using Dirichlet process mixture models so that the placement values can be flexibly modeled. We conduct extensive simulation studies to examine the performance of the proposed methodology and apply the new framework to data from obstetrics and women’s health studies.
Preparation and characterization of bio-film composite based on high density polyethylene and oil palm trunk fiber
Authors: Laftah Waham Ashaier , Majid Rohah A , Ibrahim Akos N
Published: April 2022

The effect of oil palm trunk (OPT) natural fibers used as reinforcement in High density polyethylene on the mechanical, biodegradation and water absorption properties of polyethylene films were investigated. The composites were formulated and prepared using twin-screw extruder while the hot compression molding machine was used to prepare the bio-films. The results showed that the incorporation of OPT fiber into the film enhanced the tensile modulus of the matrix while the tensile strength and elasticity reduced. The Young’s modulus of the composites reached 4450 MPa at 20% OPT fiber load while tensile strength and elongation at break reached its lowest at 7.11 MPa and 2.13% respectively at the same fiber load. Water absorption and biodegradability of the composites improved when OPT fibers were added. The composite film with 20% fiber load showed the highest fungal growth.
Participative or Directive Leadership Behaviors for Decision-Making in Crisis Management Teams?
Authors: Post Corinne , De Smet Hans , Uitdewilligen Sjir , Schreurs Bert , Leysen Jan
Published: April 2022

We assess the relative value of participative and directive leadership for improving the accuracy and speed of decision-making in crisis management teams, contingent on whether teams face an emergency that is familiar or unfamiliar to them. Testing our theory, using randomized experiments, with 72 teams tasked with managing simulated crises, we found that participative leadership improves decision accuracy in unfamiliar emergencies, whereas directive leadership improves accuracy in familiar crises; directive leadership produces speedier decisions than participative leadership when the team is familiar with the crisis. We discuss implications of our findings for leaders and crisis management experts.
Salvage of Ear Framework Exposure Following Autologous Microtia Reconstruction: Repair Strategy for Each Location of Exposure
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Fukui Kiyoko , Yoshino Kentaro , Noguchi Miho , Murakami Ryuichi
Published: April 2022

One of the most common complications of total auricular reconstruction is exposure of the ear framework. Various reconstruction methods have been reported depending on the location and size of exposed cartilage. This report describes a safe reconstruction method for each exposed part of the grafted ear framework. From January 2019 to August 2021, 2 cases (4 areas) of framework exposure were observed following autologous microtia reconstruction. The first case developed 2 small areas of skin necrosis on the anterior helix and lower antihelix to concha. The former was reconstructed with a temporal fascia flap and the latter with a local transposition flap. The second case also developed 2 small areas of skin necrosis on the posterior helix and lower antihelix to concha. The former was sutured directly and the latter with a local transposition flap. However, both wounds recurred due to flap necrosis and the cartilage was exposed again. The 3rd operation was performed by covering both wounds with a posterior auricular turnover flap and skin graft. In both cases, the exposed framework was completely covered with the flaps, and the reconstructed ears showed well-defined convolutions. Covering exposed cartilage with a local flap with a random pattern of blood circulation is convenient because no additional skin grafts are required. However, the blood circulation of the flaps is inadequate when an elongated flap is required; consequently, flap necrosis may occur. On the other hand, a temporal fascia flap and posterior auricular flap, which have axillary pattern blood circulation, are considered to be safer. We believe that it is safe to use a temporal fascia flap for cartilage exposure in the upper half of the auricle, and a posterior auricular turnover flap for the lower half.
Role of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in the Prognosis of Acute Ischaemic Stroke After Reperfusion Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Divyansh , Spring Kevin J. , Bhaskar Sonu M. M.
Published: April 2022

Background

Inflammation may mediate response to acute reperfusion therapy (RT) in acute cerebral ischaemia. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammatory biomarker, may play an important role in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) prognostication.

Objective

This meta-analysis sought to examine the effect of NLR on functional outcomes, mortality and adverse outcomes in AIS patients receiving RT.

Methods

Individual studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted using a standardised data sheet and meta-analysis on association of admission (pre-RT) or delayed (post-RT) NLR with clinical/safety outcomes after RT was conducted.

Results

Thirty-five studies (n = 10 308) were identified for the systematic review with 27 (n = 8537) included in the meta-analyses. Lower admission NLR was associated with good functional outcomes (GFOs), defined as 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0–2 (SMD = −.46; 95% CI = −.62 to −.29; P < .0001), mRS 0–1 (SMD = −.44; 95% CI = −.66 to −.22; P < .0001) and early neurological improvement (ENI) (SMD = −.55; 95 %CI = −.84 to −.25; P < .0001). Lower delayed admission NLR was also associated with GFOs (SMD = −.80; 95%CI = −.91 to −.68; P < .0001). Higher admission NLR was significantly associated with mortality (SMD = .49; 95%CI = .12 to .85; P = .009), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (SMD = .34; 95% CI = .09 to .59; P = .007), symptomatic ICH (sICH) (SMD = .48; 95% CI = .07 to .90; P = .022) and stroke-associated infection or pneumonia (SMD = .85; 95% CI = .50, 1.19; P < .0001). Higher delayed NLR was significantly associated with sICH (SMD = 1.40; 95% CI = .60 to 2.19; P = .001), ICH (SMD = .94; 95% CI = .41 to 1.46; P < .0001) and mortality (SMD = 1.12; 95% CI = .57 to 1.67; P < .0001). There were variations in outcomes across RT groups.

Conclusion

Higher admission or delayed NLR is significantly associated with worse morbidity, mortality and safety outcomes in AIS patients receiving RT.
Why treatment is not an option: Treatment naïve individuals, suffering from alcohol use disorders’ narratives about alcohol use and treatment seeking
Authors: Tarp Kristine , Sari Sengül , Nielsen Anette Sogaard
Published: April 2022

Aims: To investigate the narratives of in- and outpatients at mental health and somatic hospitals, who suffer from alcohol use disorders (AUD) but have never sought AUD treatment. More specifically, to understand how the individuals view their alcohol use and explore their reasons for not seeking treatment. Methods: Individuals suffering from AUD were recruited at somatic and mental health hospitals. The study was qualitative, based on semi-structured individual interviews. A narrative analysis was performed. A total of six patients participated: three recruited at a mental health hospital, three from a somatic hospital. Results: The individuals described how heavy alcohol use had always characterised their lives; it was part of their surroundings and it added to their quality of life. Two narrative forms within the individuals’ stories were identified, in which treatment was considered either as a positive option for others but not relevant for themselves, or as representing a threat to the individuals’ autonomy. The participants expressed that they did not believe treatment was relevant for them, and if necessary, they preferred to deal with their heavy drinking themselves. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that a broad focus is needed if relatively more individuals suffering from AUD should seek treatment, since they – in spite of clearly suffering from AUD – nevertheless see themselves as heavy drinkers and have not even thought of seeking treatment. Thus, it is not (only) a question about the attractiveness of the treatment offer or due to lack of knowledge about treatment options that patients suffering from AUD do not seek treatment.
In Search For New Urban Tourism Niche. Could European Cities Be Destinations For Urban Wellness Providing Food for Body, Mind and Spirit?
Authors: Saari Susanna
Published: April 2022

According to the United Nations Population Fund (2020) , half of the world’s population live in cities, and the number is estimated to rise to 75% by 2050. Although urbanization is seen as a major challenge from a health point of view, the development of urban wellness tourism offering would ideally benefit both tourists and locals. The growth rate of wellness tourism during the years 2015–2017 was almost twice as fast as global economic growth. Holistic wellness refers to the balanced elements of body, mind and spirit. This study argues that many European city destinations could provide the holistic wellness elements to their visitors.

Tourism destinations continue competing with each other in a globalised marketplace, even more post-Covid-19. As a result, cities will invest considerable resources in their marketing activities and place branding. By recognizing and highlighting wellness tourism offering in their marketing, some urban Destination Management Organisations (DMOs) could stand out in this growing competition and get their share of wellness tourism growth.

This study examines, which elements contributing to holistic wellness are currently being displayed on the visit.com websites of selected urban DMOs ( N = 32) in the European Union. This is done using qualitative content analysis methodology. The findings indicate that there are several European cities that already display elements of urban wellness in their marketing. The practical implication for the DMOs in question could be to actively start developing their place brands towards urban wellness tourism niche by highlighting the supply of urban wellness they already have, for example, at their visit.com sites.