bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Haemolytic uremic syndrome: diagnosis and management
Authors: Sheerin Neil S. , Glover Emily
Published: September 2019

The thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) are a group of diseases characterised by microangiopathic haemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and thrombus formation leading to tissue injury. Traditionally, TMAs have been classified as either thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) based on the clinical presentation, with neurological involvement predominating in the former and acute kidney injury in the latter. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions has increased, it has become clear that this is an over-simplification; there is significant overlap in the clinical presentation of TTP and HUS, there are different forms of HUS, and TMAs can occur in other, diverse clinical scenarios. This review will discuss recent developments in the diagnosis of HUS, focusing on the different forms of HUS and how to diagnose and manage these potentially life-threatening diseases.
Risk to Kaluga Population Health when Exposed to Air Pollutants
Authors: Иванова В. , Ivanova V. , Лаврентьева Г. , Lavrenteva G. , Шошина Р. , Shoshina R.
Published: September 2019

Assessment of risk to Kaluga population health has been carried out taking into account both air pollution with nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and suspended solids (dust), and danger coefficients related to development of non-carcinogenic effects for specific substances, and the hazard index for a group of substances with unidirectional impact. An alarming risk prevailed for the population health in the period from 2013 to 2016. The main contribution in this risk formation was made by atmospheric air pollution with nitrogen dioxide and suspended solids. The tendency for territorial expansion of city’s controlled areas with a predominance of acceptable non-carcinogenic risk to public health in 2017 has been established.
Cyber Insurance as a Way of Cyber Risks Management
Authors: Суворов Александр , Suvorov Aleksandr , Матанцева Мария , Matanceva Mariya , Плотникова Евгения , Plotnikova Evgeniya
Published: September 2019

A review of the cyber insurance domain has been carried out with a description of classical terms from the insurance industry. Have been considered two the most comprehensive today definitions of cyber risk in authors’ opinion. A diagram of processes for cyber risk management using insurance has been presented, and the place of cyber-risk among other company’s risks has been demonstrated, i. e. the context of cyber risk among the risks of any commercial organization has been shown. A typical cyber insurance process has been described, and a scheme of cyber insurance processes has been developed. A brief description of problem areas and controversial issues in cyber insurance, with which cyber-risk insurance practices may face, has been presented, as well as a table showing at which stage of cyber-insurance the specific problems may arise. Has been provided the basic economic utility function, which formalizes decision making for agents with a different attitude to risk. Standards in cyber security, and various software products that can be used as a tool for assessing the security level of an enterprise’s IT infrastructure have been presented, and it has been demonstrated how these products can help in cyber risk assessment. Different methods used at each stage of cyber insurance have been shown.
Proteomics study of the antifibrotic effects of α-mangostin in a rat model of renal fibrosis
Authors: Chaeyklinthes Thana , Tiyao Vilailak , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Phaonakrop Narumon , Showpittapornchai Udomsri , Pradidarcheep Wisuit
Published: September 2019

Background

Renal fibrosis is a consequence of a “faulty” wound-healing mechanism that results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix, which could lead to the impairment of renal functions. α-Mangostin (AM) may prevent the formation of liver fibrosis, but there has yet to be a conclusive investigation of its effect on renal fibrosis.

Objectives

To investigate the renoprotective effect of AM against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced renal fibrosis in rats at the morphological and proteomic levels.

Methods

We divided 18 male Wistar rats into 3 groups: a control group, a TAA-treated group, and a TAA + AM group. The various agents used to treat the rats were administered intraperitoneally over 8 weeks. Subsequently, the morphology of renal tissue was analyzed by histology using Sirius Red staining and the relative amount of stained collagen fibers quantified using ImageJ analysis. One-dimensional gel liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS) was used to track levels of protein expression. Proteomic bioinformatics tools including STITCH were used to correlate the levels of markers known to be involved in fibrosis with Sirius Red-stained collagen scoring.

Results

Histology revealed that AM could reduce the relative amount of collagen fibers significantly compared with the TAA group. Proteomic analysis revealed the levels of 4 proteins were modulated by AM, namely CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (Cflar), Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR3 (Lamtor3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (Map3k14), and C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 (Mapk8ip3).

Conclusion

AM can attenuate renal fibrosis by the suppression of pathways involving Cflar, Lamtor3, Map3k14, and Mapk8ip3.
Anatomy of the vasculature supplying hepatobiliary structures and celiac trunk branching patterns in the Thai population
Authors: Nateniyom Natcha , Huanmanop Thanasil , Agthong Sithiporn , Chentanez Vilai
Published: September 2019

Background

Knowledge of the anatomy of the celiac trunk (CT) and arterial supply of the hepatobiliary system is essential for surgical and interventional radiological treatment of upper abdominal diseases.

Objectives

To determine the branching patterns of the CT and variation in origin and type of the right hepatic artery (RHA), left hepatic artery (LHA), and cystic artery (CA).

Methods

The anatomy of the CT in 100 cadavers from Thai adult donors was observed in 3 aspects: its branching pattern, the origin of the RHA and LHA, and the origin of the CA and its relation to the common bile duct (CBD) and common hepatic duct (CHD).

Results

The majority of the CT branching pattern was categorized as the type II classical pattern, which has 3 branches: the left gastric artery (LGA), splenic artery (SA), and common hepatic artery (CHA). The RHA branched from proper hepatic artery in 67 cadavers. The origin of the accessory RHA was either from the abdominal aorta or superior mesenteric artery (SMA), whereas the replaced RHA originated from the CHA, SMA, or CT. The accessory LHA ramified from CHA (2 cases) and LGA (1 case). The replaced LHA was found in 30 cadavers and 29 arose from the CHA. The single and double types of CA were found in 94 and 4 cadavers, respectively. In all, 57% of single CA passed posteriorly and 39% passed anteriorly to the CBD and CHD.

Conclusions

To lower posttreatment complications, variations in the anatomy and the vascular supply of hepatobiliary structures should be considered.
Behavioral and histopathological studies of cervical spinal cord contusion injury in rats caused by an adapted weight-drop device
Authors: Bamrungsuk Kanyaratana , Vattarakorn Anchalee , Thongta Namphung , Tilokskulchai Kanokwan , Tapechum Sompol , Chompoopong Supin
Published: September 2019

Background

Models of spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by weight-drop devices to cause contusion have been used extensively, and transient behavioral deficits after thoracic injury have been demonstrated. The severity of the injury caused by the device should be mild enough to allow recovery.

Objective

To determine whether our adapted weight-drop device with a small tip can effectively induce mild hemicontusion at the level of the fifth cervical vertebra.

Methods

We divided 15 adult male Sprague Dawley rats into groups of 5 for the following treatments: sham (SH, laminectomy only), mild (MSCI) or severe SCI (SSCI). Behavioral tests and histopathology were used before (day 1) and after the treatment on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 to assess the injury.

Results

Rats with SSCI showed a significant somatosensory deficit on days 3 and 7 compared with rats in the SH group, recovering by day 14. In a horizontal-ladder test of skilled locomotion, rats with SSCI showed a significant increase in error scores and percentage of total rungs used, and a decrease in the percentage of correct paw placement compared with rats in the SH group. There was greater recovery to normal paw placement by rats with MSCI than by rats with SSCI. These behavioral deficits were consistent with histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin counterstained Luxol fast blue, indicating the degree of injury and lesion area.

Conclusions

Mild hemicontusion caused by the adapted device can be used to evaluate SCI and provides a model with which to test the efficacy of translational therapies for SCI.
Repeatability and reproducibility of lipoprotein particle profile measurements in plasma samples by ultracentrifugation
Authors: Monsonis-Centelles Sandra , Hoefsloot Huub C.J. , Engelsen Søren B. , Smilde Age K. , Lind Mads V.
Published: September 2019

Background

Characterization of lipoprotein particle profiles (LPPs) (including main classes and subclasses) by means of ultracentrifugation (UC) is highly requested given its clinical potential. However, rapid methods are required to replace the very labor-intensive UC method and one solution is to calibrate rapid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based prediction models, but the reliability of the UC-response method required for the NMR calibration has been largely overlooked.

Methods

This study provides a comprehensive repeatability and reproducibility study of various UC-based lipid measurements (cholesterol, triglycerides [TGs], free cholesterol, phospholipids, apolipoprotein [apo]A1 and apoB) in different main classes and subclasses of 25 duplicated fresh plasma samples and of 42 quality control (QC) frozen pooled plasma samples of healthy individuals.

Results

Cholesterol, apoA1 and apoB measurements were very repeatable in all classes (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 92.93%–99.54%). Free cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations in main classes and subclasses and TG concentrations in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL subclasses and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) subclasses, showed worse repeatability (ICC: 19.21%–99.08%) attributable to low concentrations, variability introduced during UC and assay limitations. On frozen QC samples, the reproducibility of cholesterol, apoA1 and apoB concentrations was found to be better than for the free cholesterol, phospholipids and TGs concentrations.

Conclusions

This study shows that for LPPs measurements near or below the limit of detection (LOD) in some of the subclasses, as well as the use of frozen samples, results in worsened repeatability and reproducibility. Furthermore, we show that the analytical assay coupled to UC for free cholesterol and phospholipids have different repeatability and reproducibility. All of this needs to be taken into account when calibrating future NMR-based models.
Preparation and spectroscopic studies of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff base containing terephthalaldehyde and their transfer hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Turan Nevin , Buldurun Kenan , Çolak Naki , Özdemir İsmail
Published: September 2019

This study describes synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activities of Fe(II), Ru(II), Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes with a novel Schiff base ligand (L) derived from methyl 2-amino-5,5,7,7-tetramethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate and terephthalaldehyde. We used spectroscopic techniques including IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis and also mass analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements to identify the products. The Pd(II) complex was used as a potential catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of some aryl halides under optimized conditions. The effect of various bases such as NaOH, KOH, and KOBut was investigated in transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketones by isopropyl alcohol as the hydrogen source. Ru(II) and Pd(II) complexes showed catalytic activity while Zn(II) and Fe(II) metal complexes failed to do that.
Large-area pixelated metasurface beam deflector on a 12-inch glass wafer for random point generation
Authors: Li Nanxi , Fu Yuan Hsing , Dong Yuan , Hu Ting , Xu Zhengji , Zhong Qize , Li Dongdong , Lai Keng Heng , Zhu Shiyang , Lin Qunying , Gu Yuandong , Singh Navab
Published: September 2019

Metasurface-based beam deflector, as an important optical element to bend the light propagation direction, has drawn a lot of interests in research to achieve miniaturization of devices and reduction of system complexity. Based on the 12-inch immersion lithography technology, in this work, an ultra-thin and large-area pixelated metasurface beam deflector with a footprint of 2500 × 2500 μm, formed by nanopillars with diameters from 221 to 396 nm, is demonstrated on a 12-inch glass wafer. The 21 × 21 array of deflectors is designed to bend the input light in different directions and to generate 441 random points. In addition, the layer transfer on the 12-inch glass wafer makes the device working in transmission mode at a 940-nm wavelength. The random point array generated from the experiment shows good match with the design. This pixelated metasurface beam deflector can generate random points simultaneously and has potential to make beam steering by switching each pixel of the beam deflector, which can be applied on motion detection, facial recognition, and light detection and ranging.
Correlation of keratinized tissue width and periodontal indices around implant-supported fixed partial dentures
Authors: Farhoudi Ilnaz , Parsay Soheil
Published: September 2019

Background. The effect of keratinized tissue width on the peri-implant health has not been well elucidated. The results of previous studies on this topic are controversial and the role of keratinized tissue width in the long-term success of dental implants has not been confirmed. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation of keratinized tissue width with periodontal indices around implant-supported fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Methods. This cross-sectional study evaluated 73 implants. Patients underwent periodontal examinations, including measurement of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), marginal gingival recession, keratinized mucosa width and radiographic marginal bone level. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results. The mean GI, PI and marginal gingival recession around implants with <2 mm width of keratinized gingiva were greater than the corresponding values around implants with keratinized tissue width of ≥2 mm. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). No significant differences were noted in PD and radiographic marginal bone level between the two implant groups with keratinized tissue width <2 mm and ≥2 mm. Thus, no correlation was found between the keratinized tissue width and the measured indices. Conclusion. Although this study did not show a significant correlation between the keratinized tissue width and peri-implant tissue health and consequently the implant success rate, long-term interventional studies are required to make a final judgment in this respect.
Comparison of Stress and Strain Distribution around Splinted and Non-splinted Teeth with Compromised Periodontium: A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Amid Reza , kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Dehnavi Farshad , Brokhim Mahyar
Published: September 2019

Background. Splinting of teeth is performed for effective distribution of loads in mobile teeth and to lower the stress applied to compromised teeth. Biomechanics cannot adequately explain load distribution around natural teeth. This study aimed to compare the distribution pattern and magnitude of stress and strain around splinted and non-splinted teeth with compromised periodontium using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Methods. Six mandibular anterior teeth were scanned and data were registered in CATIA® and then SolidWorks® software programs. The jawbone was also designed. In the second model, the teeth were splinted with fiber-reinforced composite (FRC). The models were then transferred to ANSYS® software program and after meshing and fixing, 100- and 200-N loads were applied at zero and 30° angles. The magnitude and distribution of stress and strain in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the surrounding cortical bone were determined. Results. A significant reduction in stress was noted in cortical bone around central and lateral incisors while an increase in stress was noted around the canine tooth after splinting. All these changes were more significant under 100-N load compared to 200-N load and greater differences were noted in response to the application of oblique loads compared to vertical loads. Conclusion. Splinting decreased the magnitude of stress and strain in teeth close to the center of splint and increased the stress and strain in teeth far from the center of splint. Adequate bone support of canine teeth must be ensured prior to selection of splinting as the treatment plan for the anterior mandible since it increases the longevity of all the teeth.
Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae A genotypes II and IV in patients with chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis
Authors: Talebi Ardakani Mohammad Reza , Esmaeil Nejad Azadeh , Kazemi Bahram , Forouzan Nia Seyed Khalil , Poormohamadi Mohamad , Moaven Haniyeh , Hosseini Kordkheili Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2019

Background. Atherosclerosis is known as one of the chronic diseases with high prevalence in the human species. Many studies have elucidated the relationship between this disease and chronic periodontitis caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of P.g fimbriae A (fimA) genotypes II and IV in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Methods. This cross-sectional study investigated the frequency of P.g II and IV genotypes in the subgingival plaque specimens of 42 subjects in three experimental groups: periodontitis (A), atherosclerosis (B), periodontitis + atherosclerosis (C) and aortic wall specimens obtained from 30 patients (groups B and C) by the PCR technique. Results. P.g bacterium was seen in 46.6% of patients with chronic periodontitis. The same bacterium was not found in aortic wall specimens of patients with chronic periodontitis (group C) and there was only one P.g-positive aortic wall specimen (7.7%) among the patients with healthy periodontium (group B). Genotypes II and IV were not observed in any specimen. Conclusion. The results of statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between the prevalence of P.g and genotypes II and IV in the subgingival plaques and the incidence and severity of atherosclerosis.
Comparison of mast cell counts between the patients with moderate and severe periodontitis
Authors: Fattahi Shirin , Sadighi Mehrnoosh , Faramarzi Masoume , Karimifard Elham , Mirzaie Amirali
Published: September 2019

Background. The role of mast cells in periodontal tissue degradation has been established. These cells can be efficient in the etiology of periodontitis by participating in gingival homeostasis and releasing cytokines and enzymes, resulting in connective tissue matrix breakdown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the mast cell counts between patients with moderate and severe periodontitis. Methods. This case‒control study was performed on 15 subjects with severe periodontitis and 15 subjects with moderate periodontitis, who needed periodontal surgical treatment. Incisional biopsies were provided during periodontal surgery. Afterward, the mean counts of mast cells were determined after toluidine blue staining of the samples. Finally, data were analyzed with SPSS. Results. The results of this study showed that mast cell counts in severe periodontitis cases were lower than those in moderate periodontitis. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P=0.611). In addition, the mean mast cell counts in males and females did not show a statistically significant difference (P=0.231), although the count was higher in female subjects. Conclusion. Based on the results, no statistically significant differences were found in mast cell counts between subjects with severe periodontitis and those with moderate periodontitis.
Implant therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis: A short follow-up with a successful outcome
Authors: Durrani Farhan , Shukla Akanksha , Painuly Himani
Published: September 2019

Chronic periodontitis is a progressive disease with loss of several teeth. Implant therapy in these patients can be a successful outcome as long as the tissues are kept healthy from a microbiologic viewpoint. Regular follow-up visits after complex reconstruction is the key for long-term success. In our report, recall visits were kept on short intervals for ten years. The results showed that implants were very good prosthetic replacements in chronic sufferers of the disease but regular followups are the gold standard.
AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DO MÉTODO DE SECAGEM NAS PROPRIEDADES DE PARTÍCULAS POLIMÉRICAS DE POLI(ÁCIDO LÁTICO)
Authors: De Oliveira Flora Ferreira Duarte , Monteiro Mariana Sato de S. B. , De Menezes Lívia Rodrigues , De Feitas Isabel , Tavares Maria Inês Bruno
Published: September 2019

As partículas poliméricas são estruturas complexas, que podem ser produzidas a partir de diversos tipos de polímeros, e as suas propriedades físico-químicas podem ser modificadas a fim de alterar o perfil de liberação de ativos. Neste estudo foram obtidas partículas poliméricas de poli(ácido lático) (PLA), pela técnica de emulsão/difusão, com a utilização de poloxamer (PF68) como tensoativo do sistema. Depois de preparadas as partículas, a suspensão resultante foi seca por dois métodos: Spray Dryer ou secagem por aspersão e Liofilização, e caracterizados por Espalhamento Dinâmico de Luz (DLS) Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC). No TGA, observou-se dois eventos de degradação, os quais podem ser relacionados aos componentes da formulação (PLA e PF68). Quando as amostras foram analisadas por DLS, a amostra seca por spray dryer teve menor tamanho de partícula do que a amostra liofilizada. Na análise de TGA, ambas as amostras mostraram que a temperatura de degradação inicial foi menor do que as dos polímeros puros (PLA e PF68) e esse resultado está correlacionado com o tamanho da partícula. A amostra liofilizada apresentou a maior temperatura (Tonset), devido a um colapso das partículas oriundo da falta de crioprotetor. Por meio da técnica de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) tem-se que, a amostra obtida por spray dryer possui 2 populações de cristais, que são apresentados por um pico alargado, em temperaturas mais baixas, resultante de cristais menores ou mais imperfeitos e um pico de cristais mais perfeitos ou maiores, em temperaturas mais elevadas. Já a amostra liofilizada há apenas uma população de cristais. O grau de cristalinidade das partículas obtidas por liofilização e por spray dryer foi de 28% e 61%, respectivamente. Dessa forma, as partículas desenvolvidas por spray dryer apresentaram uma maior organização. A utilização de diferentes técnicas de secagem de partículas representa uma estratégia para produzir sistemas poliméricos com diferentes características.
INFLUÊNCIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO DA SALA DE AULA PARA A MELHOR INSERÇÃO DOS ALUNOS NAS CARREIRAS DO CURSO DE DIREITO
Authors: De Abreu Monique Da Silva , Quintino Rosana Fernandes de Almeida
Published: September 2019

Esse artigo traz para a reflexão a maior aplicação da ergonomia como fator de motivação e transformação de comportamentos trazidos da educação doméstica e escolar dos níveis básico e médio, incompatíveis com as profissões escolhidas. Trata-se de uma nova visão dos ambientes construídos das salas de aula para que se assemelhem, ao máximo, aos ambientes profissionais que serão experimentados pelos universitários em suas carreiras profissionais futuras. Este novo modelo de ambiente construído para salas de aula nas Universidades, ao mesmo tempo em que facilita a mudança de comportamentos da fase adolescente para a adulta, ajuda na fixação dos conteúdos curriculares ministrados com procedimentos cotidianos, voltados para a prática profissional. Para tanto, da forma resumida que este ensaio comporta, faz-se menção às definições e observações de autores que já evidenciaram a deficiência do modelo tradicional de educação, onde o professor tem como único recurso o material didático, privado que está da maior dimensão que pode ser assumida pelo ambiente da sala de aula. Outros autores foram trazidos para ilustrar o importante papel da ergonomia na preparação do homem para o trabalho.
ELABORAÇÃO DE UM AUDIOVISUAL SOBRE AS AÇÕES DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE VOLTADOS AO PORTADOR DE ESCLEROSE LATERAL AMIOTRÓFICA
Authors: De Medeiros Isabele Cristina Granadeiro , De Araujo Glauce Maria Nunes , Minucci Marcus Vinicius Gemelli , Rocha Eliane Dantas
Published: September 2019

A Esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa, que afeta os neurônios motores superiores e inferiores. Esta doença genética é progressiva e debilitante exigindo acompanhamento multiprofissional constante, tanto para o paciente, quanto para seus cuidadores. Portadores de ELA tem comprometimento motor, que invariavelmente progride para o óbito decorrente de falência respiratória. Através da educação em saúde é possível traçar estratégias, junto com a equipe multiprofissional, para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar um audiovisual com orientações para os familiares e/ou cuidadores de como ajudar os portadores de ELA. O método utilizado teve como base o desenvolvimento de uma construção audiovisual com as seguintes etapas: elaboração do argumento para produção, roteiro/criação, captação de imagens e decupagem/ edição final do audiovisual. Obteve-se como o resultado um audiovisual de 10 minutos e 50 segundos abordando sobre os cuidados prestados ao portador. Acredita-se que o presente estudo poderá contribuir para o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde e cuidadores e/ou familiares, sendo disponibilizado para as unidades de atenção básica, ambulatório e quaisquer locais que tenham porta de entrada para os cuidadores de ELA.
MONITORAMENTO DE COMPOSTAGEM EM PEQUENA ESCALA
Authors: Tavares Figueiredo Renan , Costa Brito Márcio José , Campello Santos Pedro Henrique , Faria Soares Cleide Mara , Costa Burle Eduardo
Published: September 2019

O aumento na produção de resíduos sólidos motivou a criação de novas tecnologias para a disposição de lixo e esgoto. Os resíduos orgânicos representam 50% de toda a produção de resíduos sólidos nas cidades brasileiras, no entanto, a maior parte é descartada incorretamente. Uma solução para esse problema é o processo de compostagem, que converte resíduos biodegradáveis em matéria orgânica higienizada e estabilizada e pode ser usado como fertilizante na agricultura e em hortas domésticas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a composição de nutrientes de uma compostagem de pequena escala e analisar todo o processo de produção. Para isso, foram criadas cinco janelas com 1m³ de composição diferentes, variando entre 30 e 70% da poda e comercializando resíduos orgânicos. Os resultados mostraram que as janelas variaram de 49,9 a 56°C, o pH foi 9, enquanto os parâmetros inorgânicos e orgânicos eram semelhantes aos da compostagem convencional. Concluiu-se que a compostagem em pequena escala é uma alternativa viável ao descarte de resíduos sólidos.
INFORMAÇÕES EDITORIAIS
Authors: Farias Bruno Matos de , Avelar Katia Eliane Santos
Published: September 2019

A revista Semioses: Inovação, Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade é uma publicação trimestral do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Local, do Centro Universitário Augusto Motta. Tem como foco temas interdisciplinares voltados para as Ciências Ambientais e áreas afins. Desse modo, são bem-vindos artigos que versem sobre as questões ambientais e o desenvolvimento sustentável, como a proteção de biomas, erradicação de pobreza, direitos humanos, cidadania, novas tecnologias, educação básica, empreendedorismo, reutilização de matérias primas, construções sustentáveis, energias limpas, inovações tecnológicas, saúde coletiva, produtos e alimentos saudáveis.
Crenças de indivíduos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica relacionadas ao tratamento medicamentoso
Authors: Almeida Taciana da Costa Farias , Sousa Mailson Marques de , Pessoa Marina Saraiva de Araújo , Sousa Larissa dos Santos , Gouveia Bernadete de Lourdes André , Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: analisar as crenças comportamentais, normativas e de controle relacionadas ao tratamento medicamentoso para hipertensão arterial. Métodos: estudo transversal, fundamentado na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, realizado com 28 pessoas em uso contínuo de anti-hipertensivos, em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Utilizou-se de formulário com seis perguntas abertas, aplicado por entrevistas estruturadas e individuais, gravadas em áudio e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: entre as crenças comportamentais, o controle da pressão arterial destacou-se como principal vantagem, e os sintomas desagradáveis sobressaíram como desvantagem. Com relação às crenças normativas, os referentes sociais positivos mais citados foram os filhos. Quanto às crenças de controle, adquirir gratuitamente e esquecer do horário de tomá-los foram apontados como principais facilidade e dificuldade, respectivamente. Conclusão: a análise das crenças permitiu a elucidação daquelas que podem influenciar positiva ou negativamente o comportamento “tomar os comprimidos prescritos para o controle da hipertensão”, alvo de diferentes intervenções em serviços de saúde.
The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Structure and Function in Youth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valkenborghs Sarah Ruth , Noetel Michael , Hillman Charles H. , Nilsson Michael , Smith Jordan J. , Ortega Francisco B. , Lubans David Revalds
Published: September 2019

CONTEXT:

Advances in neuroimaging techniques have resulted in an exponential increase in the number of studies investigating the effects of physical activity on brain structure and function. Authors of studies have linked physical activity and fitness with brain regions and networks integral to cognitive function and scholastic performance in children and adolescents but findings have not been synthesized.

OBJECTIVE:

To conduct a systematic review of studies in which the impact of physical activity on brain structure and function in children and adolescents is examined.

DATA SOURCES:

Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus, Ovid Medline, SportDiscus, and Embase) were systematically searched for experimental studies published between 2002 and March 1, 2019.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion according to predetermined criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently extracted data for key variables and synthesized findings qualitatively.

RESULTS:

Nine studies were included (task-based functional MRI [n = 4], diffusion tensor imaging [n = 3], arterial spin labeling [n = 1], and resting-state functional MRI [n = 1]) in which results for 5 distinct and 4 similar study samples aged 8.7 ± 0.6 to 10.2 ± 1.0 years and typically of relatively low socioeconomic status were reported. Effects were reported for 12 regions, including frontal lobe (n = 3), parietal lobe (n = 3), anterior cingulate cortex (n = 2), hippocampus (n = 1), and several white matter tracts and functional networks.

LIMITATIONS:

Findings need to be interpreted with caution as quantitative syntheses were not possible because of study heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS:

There is evidence from randomized controlled trials that participation in physical activity may modify white matter integrity and activation of regions key to cognitive processes. Additional larger hypothesis-driven studies are needed to replicate findings.
Sciatic nerve and its variations: is it possible to associate them with piriformis syndrome?
Authors: Barbosa Ana Beatriz Marques , Santos Priscele Viana dos , Targino Vanessa Apolonio , Silva Nathalie de Almeida , Silva Yanka Costa de Melo , Gomes Felippe Barbosa , Assis Thiago de Oliveira
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT The sciatic nerve forms from the roots of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the pelvis passing inferiorly to the piriformis muscle, towards the lower limb where it divides into common tibial and fibular nerves. Anatomical variations related to the area where the nerve divides, as well as its path, seem to be factors related to piriformis syndrome. Objective: To analyze the anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve and its clinical implications. Methods: This was a systematic review of articles indexed in the PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect and Latindex databases from August to September 2018. Original articles covering variations of the sciatic nerve were included. The level of the sciatic nerve division and its path in relation to the piriformis muscle was considered for this study. The collection was performed by two independent reviewers. Results: At the end of the search, 12 articles were selected, characterized according to the sample, method of evaluation of the anatomical structure and the main results. The most prevalent anatomical variation was that the common fibular nerve passed through the piriformis muscle fibers (33.3%). Three studies (25%) also observed anatomical variations not classified in the literature and, in three (25%) the presence of a double piriformis muscle was found. Conclusion: The results of this review showed the most prevalent variations of the sciatic nerve and point to a possible association of this condition with piriformis syndrome. Therefore, these variations should be considered during the semiology of disorders involving parts of the lower limbs.
Use of client-centered virtual reality in rehabilitation after stroke: a feasibility study
Authors: Aramaki Alberto Luiz , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira , Cavalcanti Alessandra , Dutra Fabiana Caetano Martins Silva e
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT Patient-centered virtual reality (VR) programs could assist in the functional recovery of people after a stroke. Objectives: To analyze the feasibility of a rehabilitation protocol using client-centered VR and to evaluate changes in occupational performance and social participation. Methods: This was a mixed methods study. Ten subacute and chronic stroke patients participated in the rehabilitation program using games in non-immersive VR for 40 minutes/day, three days/week, for 12 weeks. Sociodemographic information was collected and the outcome variables included were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Participation Scale. A field diary was used to record the frequency of attendance and adherence of participants and an interview was conducted at the end of program. Results: There were significant and clinically-relevant statistical improvements in the COPM performance score (p < 0.001; CI = 1.29 − 4.858) and in the COPM satisfaction score (p < 0.001; CI = 1.37 − 5.124), with a difference greater than 4.28 points for performance and 4.58 points for satisfaction. The change in the scores for participation was statistically significant (p = 0.046), but there was no clinical improvement (dcohen = −0.596, CI = −1.862 − 0.671). The majority of participants reported more than 75% consecutive attendance of sessions and there was 100% adherence to the program. In the interviews, the participants described their post-stroke difficulties; how the video game motivated their engagement in rehabilitation; and the improvement of occupational performance and social participation after participating in the program. Conclusions: VR is a viable tool for the rehabilitation of stroke patients with functional gains, mainly regarding occupational performance and performance satisfaction.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer-aided diagnosis, and radiomics: advances in imaging towards to precision medicine
Authors: Santos Marcel Koenigkam , Ferreira Júnior José Raniery , Wada Danilo Tadao , Tenório Ariane Priscilla Magalhães , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Marques Paulo Mazzoncini de Azevedo
Published: September 2019

Abstract The discipline of radiology and diagnostic imaging has evolved greatly in recent years. We have observed an exponential increase in the number of exams performed, subspecialization of medical fields, and increases in accuracy of the various imaging methods, making it a challenge for the radiologist to “know everything about all exams and regions”. In addition, imaging exams are no longer only qualitative and diagnostic, providing now quantitative information on disease severity, as well as identifying biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response. In view of this, computer-aided diagnosis systems have been developed with the objective of complementing diagnostic imaging and helping the therapeutic decision-making process. With the advent of artificial intelligence, “big data”, and machine learning, we are moving toward the rapid expansion of the use of these tools in daily life of physicians, making each patient unique, as well as leading radiology toward the concept of multidisciplinary approach and precision medicine. In this article, we will present the main aspects of the computational tools currently available for analysis of images and the principles of such analysis, together with the main terms and concepts involved, as well as examining the impact that the development of artificial intelligence has had on radiology and diagnostic imaging.
Cholesteatoma and hydrocephalus associated to a third ventricle meningioma in a cat
Authors: Wentz Maria Fernanda , Vargas Thainã Piccolo , Bianchi Matheus Viezzer , Fett Rochana Rodrigues , Lorenzo Cíntia De , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT: Meningiomas are neoplasms that commonly involve the central nervous system of cats, while cholesteatomas are nodular granulomatous chronic lesions within the choroid plexus that are rarely reported in cats. This study described a case of cholesteatoma and non-communicating hydrocephalus associated to a third ventricle meningioma in a cat. Clinically, the cat had a 2-year history of behavioral changes, photophobia and motor incoordination. At the necropsy, a tan-brown mass totally occluded the third ventricle, causing a severe dilation of the lateral ventricles (non-communicating hydrocephalus). Microscopically, the mass was composed by a neoplastic proliferation of spindle cells arranged in bundles, containing in the center psammomatous bodies (meningioma), while in the adjacent areas a cholesteatoma was observed, which was characterized by multiple cholesterol cleft formation, hemosiderosis and associated granulomatous inflammation. At immunohistochemistry (IHC), neoplastic cells had a marked immunostaining for vimentin, while were negative for cytokeratin and S100. The diagnosis of transitional meningioma occurring in association to cholesteatoma and non-communicating hydrocephalus in a cat was obtained mainly by the histological and IHC features. These are important methods to distinguish this condition from other neurological disorders in cats.
Cantinas de escolas estaduais de Curitiba/PR, Brasil: adequação à lei de regulamentação de oferta de alimentos
Authors: Machado Christiane Opuszka , Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida
Published: September 2019

Resumo Objetivou-se caracterizar a oferta de alimentos nas cantinas de escolas públicas estaduais de Curitiba, Paraná, e investigar associação da oferta de alimentos permitidos/não permitidos pela Lei das Cantinas, com variáveis da escola e da cantina. Foi realizado estudo transversal com entrevista aos administradores de cantinas em 27 escolas estaduais e foi utilizado o teste de Mann Whitney para investigar associações. Verificou-se maior frequência de administração das cantinas por autogestão (n = 25; 92,6%); local adequado na escola para realização das refeições (n = 20; 74,1%); tempo na administração do local superior a 10 anos (n = 13; 48,2%) e de administradores que referiram conhecer a Lei (n = 22; 81,5%). Mais de 2/3 das cantinas comercializava alimentos não permitidos, tais como bebidas açucaradas (n = 22; 81,5%) e doces, pipocas e salgadinhos industrializados (n = 13; 48,2%). Apenas uma (3,7%) ofertava salgados fritos. Somente a oferta de ensino técnico associou-se à maior disponibilidade de alimentos permitidos pela legislação (p = 0,033). As cantinas avaliadas podem ser caracterizadas como locais de oferta de alimentos não permitidos pela Lei da Cantina Saudável. Destaca-se a importância da regulação e da fiscalização da comercialização de alimentos nas cantinas para promoção de saúde nas escolas.
Discursos sobre as demandas de saúde mental de jovens cumprindo medida de internação no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Débora Stephanie , Ribeiro Fernanda Mendes Lages , Deslandes Suely Ferreira
Published: September 2019

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções discursivas do que é considerado demanda de saúde mental dos adolescentes cumprindo medida de internação nas unidades socioeducativas do Rio de Janeiro. Realizaram-se nove entrevistas com os profissionais de saúde mental do sistema socioeducativo e os resultados foram discutidos com o apoio da análise de discurso crítica de Fairclough. Foram identificados quatro grupos discursivos: o primeiro apresenta intertextualidade com o discurso psiquiátrico, o segundo com a reforma psiquiátrica, o terceiro com o discurso de determinantes sociais e o quarto com discursos institucionais de “mau” comportamento dos jovens. Conclui-se que as concepções são distintas entre os profissionais, mas não há hegemonia de um discurso. Os discursos se atravessam e se conectam especialmente na problematização dos determinantes sociais. Há sobrevalorização dos profissionais de saúde e de assistência enquanto vocalizadores das demandas. Os adolescentes têm poucas chances de expor diretamente suas necessidades e estas aparecem intermediadas pelos técnicos. Identificaram-se conflitos entre as equipes que atuam no fluxo assistencial nas demandas associadas ao “mau comportamento”, pois há encaminhamentos dissociados de questões de saúde mental.
Quando fazer pesquisa com crianças significa negociar com adultos: bastidores de uma pesquisa com crianças de seis anos em escolas
Authors: Agostini Olivia Souza , Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes
Published: September 2019

Resumo Neste artigo pretendemos provocar reflexões sobre a pesquisa com crianças levantando aspectos relacionados a ética, método, brincar e atividades contextualizadas. A possibilidade de reconhecer a autoridade do adulto como mediadora do artesanato interacional na construção do ambiente de pesquisa também compõe os bastidores e seu artesanato. Ele toma por base uma pesquisa realizada com crianças de seis anos em escolas, cujo enfoque era a análise psicométrica de itens de um teste em construção. Retornando as memórias desse ambiente discutimos a importância do protagonismo da criança como sujeito de pesquisa. A fundamentação se ancora na perspectiva da Sociologia da infância, discutindo o artesanato interacional. Conclui-se sobre a possibilidade de reconhecer esse protagonismo no engajamento de negociações com adultos de referência.
Não realização de consulta odontológica entre gestantes no extremo sul do Brasil: um estudo de base populacional
Authors: Konzen Júnior Dionizio José , Marmitt Luana Patricia , Cesar Juraci Almeida
Published: September 2019

Resumo Este estudo teve por objetivo medir a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à não utilização de assistência odontológica entre gestantes residentes no município de Rio Grande, RS. Em 2013, entrevistadores previamente treinados aplicaram questionário único, padronizado em até 48 horas após o parto à todas puérperas residentes neste município. Utilizou-se teste do qui-quadrado para comparar proporções e, da análise multivariável, regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância para a obtenção da razão de prevalências. Dentre 2.653 puérperas incluídas neste estudo, 60,1% (IC95%: 58,2% – 61,9%) não utilizaram qualquer tipo de serviço odontológico durante a gestação. Após ajuste, a probabilidade de não uso destes serviços foi significativamente maior entre gestantes de menor idade, renda e escolaridade, que viviam com maior número de pessoas no domicílio, que realizaram um menor número de consultas de pré-natal, que fizeram pré-natal no serviço público, e que não foram atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Incentivar gestantes com este perfil epidemiológico a procurar por serviços odontológicos durante as consultas de pré-natal e ampliar a oferta da ESF são medidas com grande potencial de elevar a cobertura para este tipo de serviço na localidade estudada.
Trajetórias e experiências morais de adoecimento raro e crônico em biografias: um ensaio teórico
Authors: Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes
Published: September 2019

Resumo Temos como objeto o diálogo com seis obras, entendidas no mercado editorial como biografias, que contemplam narrativas de primeira e segunda pessoa sobre a relação com situações de adoecimento crônico, raro ou complexo. Como ensaio teórico, experimentamos construir um argumento: essas biografias são formas públicas de construção e apresentação de pessoa, representam a possibilidade de atribuir um lugar de visibilidade para experiências morais, de grande apelo público, mas que precisam ser reconhecidas na atenção e formação e saúde como ferramentas políticas para reflexão sobre as práticas. Nesse sentido, passam a ser testemunhos, proporcionando menos histórias de vida particulares, e mais trajetórias biográficas, onde se coloca um diálogo interacionista entre significados, lugares, pessoas, posições, estigmas, violações de direito e discriminações.
Midgut cells alteration in gamma-irradiated beetles (Blaps polycresta, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Kheirallah D. A. , El-Samad L. M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effect of gamma radiation on biological specimens. Thus, our concept is to clarify that exposure to accumulated dose of 0.2 Gy gamma rays (0.66 rad/Sec. dose rate) from Cs137 source induces cellular perturbations in the midgut epithelium of the F1 progeny of Blaps polycresta, therefore affecting nutrition and growth. Beetles were reared in laboratory conditions and the newly emerged adults were irradiated with the aforementioned dose. Histological and ultrastructure anomalies of midgut cells (digestive and regenerative cells) were observed by 72 h after radiation exposure to ensure that the cells will not return to control state. Retardation in the development of the F1 progeny was also noticed and beetles died through two weeks. In the light of these observations, biological tissue act as an indicator to the continuous exposure to environmental radiation.