bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparing for the New Phygital Generation as Potential Academic Library Users in South African Higher Education
Authors: Van Wyk Brenda
Published: September 2022

Context: Higher education and its academic support services, including academic library and information services (LIS), have continuously been challenged by new technological developments, as well as the quest for transformation toward more inclusive education. The rapid and disruptive technological changes imposed by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) heralded a new entry-level student, coined the “phygital generation.” This new generation of library users is characterised by an ever-expanding digital imprint and a preference for using mobile technology to navigate all aspects of their daily lives, including how they approach their tertiary studies.
Focus: The study interrogates the readiness of information specialists to understand the nature of the phygital generation within a higher education group in South Africa. The changes in information-seeking behaviour are explored with due cognisance of the existing digital exclusions experienced by many South African students.
Methodology: Through the lens of the critical theory paradigm and guided by the conceptualisations of post-digital frameworks, critical digital approaches and metacognitive frameworks, qualitative data were collected during a focus group interview. The non-probability sample was purposively selected, consisting of information specialists of a school within a higher education institution. The transcribed data were coded and thematically analysed.
Key findings: Key findings show a shift in the information-seeking behaviour of new entry-level students. There is a propensity towards using mobile technology. It is evident that LIS staff in this study are not yet mobilised to accommodate this new trend by adapting existing services to be more open to accommodating mobile technology seamlessly. The participants reported that academic writing skills are affected by short messaging styles used in social media. Understanding the nature of the new phygital student and capitalising on the affordances of mobile learning will support student success.
Value: Mobile LIS urgently needs to be formalised and implemented strategically with the needs of the new generation in mind. The need for further institutional reform and innovation is evident. Further research is required on plagiarism trends, copyright infringement and privacy compliance that emerged from the findings of this study.
Relevance of Big Data Analytics in Nigerian Academic Libraries: University of Ilorin Library Experience
Authors: Dunmade Aderinola , Hamzat Saheed
Published: September 2022

This paper reviewed the concept of big data with reference to the University of Ilorin, North-Central, Nigeria. In the study that directed this paper, a descriptive design was employed and thematic analysis was done on the information obtained through key informant interviews. The population of this study consisted of the two systems librarians who work in the electronic library (e-library) unit of the university library. The characteristics of big data, based on the V characteristics, were examined, as well as the various types of data sets found in academic libraries. The findings of the study revealed that while big data sets exist in libraries in Nigeria, none of the big data software was available in the library studied. The findings also revealed the various methods used by the University of Ilorin Library in generating big data. Also, the main challenges confronting the management of big data in the University of Ilorin Library include inadequate funding, insufficient infrastructure, and inadequate software tools for managing big data. The need to re-skill library practitioners in this new technology, as a means of surmounting challenges in service delivery in university libraries, was recommended.
Library User Education Prominence: Perspectives of Final-Year Students and Subject Reference Librarians from the University of Limpopo
Authors: Shai Kgaogelo , Bopape Solomon
Published: September 2022

University libraries have a mandate to provide library user education to guarantee optimal, effective and efficient utilisation of costly information resources and services. This study examines library user education programmes from the perspectives of undergraduate final-year students and subject librarians at the University of Limpopo (UL). The population of 260 student participants were selected using a simple systematic sampling method, while subject librarians were selected using a purposive sampling method. The results reveal that the majority of final-year students attended user education programmes such as library orientation, information literacy, bibliographic instruction, and the ongoing programme on the use of the library, Turnitin, and RefWorks. Most undergraduate final-year students who attended user education programmes indicated that they are now able to search for information from the library catalogue and use other information retrieval tools, as well as to evaluate the information retrieved. However, the librarians expressed that insufficient time for user education sessions, inadequate facilities and venues, inaccessible social media tools, delays in implementing LibGuides, non-attendance by students, and a lack of collaboration from the stakeholders as challenges they encounter in delivering user education programmes. The study recommends that librarians should intensify their marketing of library user education programmes through communicating the perspectives of attendees to the university management. Strong collaboration between academics, librarians and students is also recommended.
Capacity-building and Mentorship Programmes among Librarians: Views from Selected Academic Libraries in Nigeria and Zimbabwe
Authors: Enakrire Rexwhite Tega , Takaingenhamo Chisita Collence , Chiparausha Blessing , Endouware Christy Benake-ebide
Published: September 2022

In the fourth industrial revolution, where changes and development are constants, academics and librarians are struggling to remain competitive to maintain standards and excellence. The need to embrace capacity-building and mentorship programmes among professionals, irrespective of their status and context, becomes imperative. Academic institutions are now fertile grounds for capacity-building and mentorship programmes in the present-day knowledge economy. The rationale behind this study was to identify attributes to improve inadequately skilled human resources and to promote capital development for the sustainability of organisations and societal transformation through infrastructural facilities. These attributes would relieve constrained financial budgets, the non-implementation of laid down policies, instability of diverse economies, and political influences, which have all infiltrated into academic institutions. These factors affect academic institutions’ ability to profess and discharge their mandate of capacity-building and mentorship programmes in an increasingly technology-driven age. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches were applied in this study. The quantitative approach made use of the Monkey survey research method to collect data from respondents in selected academic institutions across Africa. The qualitative approach used interpretive content analysis of literature to support the results and arguments in the study. A total of 30 academic librarians from two African countries were selected for the study. Using the purposive sampling technique, the total population (30 academic librarians) was used as a sample size for the study. Data collected from the 30 academic librarians through the use of the Monkey survey research method were analysed, using descriptive statistical analysis. Findings revealed that the capacity-building and mentorship programmes available to librarians vary from one institution/context to another. The provision of adequate funds, facilities, and material resources would enhance the facilitation of capacity building offered to librarians. Financial, technical, moral, administrative and infrastructural challenges were cited as obstructing capacity-building and mentorship programmes among librarians. The study recommends that academic libraries should lobby for funding to facilitate conference attendance by librarians, especially at the international level, and formulate comprehensive plans for their staff members, among others.
Libraries for Tomorrow: The Use of ICT and Space Transformation in Some Academic Libraries in Ghana
Authors: Afrane Daniel Akwasi , Donkor Antonia Bernadette , Yamson George Clifford
Published: September 2022

Purpose-the aim of the study was to examine transformations in academic library spaces in Ghana
Design/Methodology/approach-the quantitative approach was adopted for this study. Data was collected using Google Forms. A total of 98 librarians from five academic libraries in Ghana representing less than 10% of all librarians in academic libraries in Ghana. Data collected was analysed using the R 4. 0 programming Software and presented using charts and tables.
Findings- Eighty-one percent (81%) of the participants agreed that their libraries were moving from ‘book-centered’ to ‘technology supported and learning centered’ libraries engineered by emerging technologies and the changing demand of academic library users. Again, it was revealed that librarians had moderate to low skills in providing advanced technological support to users in creating, capturing, editing, and sharing multimedia (video, audio, text, images) for their research, teaching, and learning purposes. Finally, results from the multinomial regression analysis with p values showed that availability of IT utilities, usability and skills of librarians were significant revealing that they have effects on the levels of library space transformation.
Practical implications- The capabilities of librarians should be improved form undertaking basic computing task to providing advanced support to their users. Stakeholder and academic library management should encourage their young librarian to further their education and engage in continuous professional development programmes. Libraries should develop strategies to secure the necessary funding to implement IT facilities.
Originality-The study used quantitative methods to study transformations in academic library spaces, a grey researched area in Ghana.
Electronic Records Management at the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development, South Africa: Towards E-government
Authors: Jacobs Lorette , Lemekoana Thulisile
Published: September 2022

Electronic records play a vital role in organisations, as they serve as evidence of organisational transactions and support openness, transparency and improved decision-making. Improved electronic records management ensures that e-government is available to citizens. This paper focuses on the status of electronic records management as it relates to South Africa’s Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (DoJ&CD), with the purpose of encouraging more effective public access to information. The qualitative research applied in the study that directed this paper, was founded on the principles of interpretivism. Interviews with electronic records management professionals yielded information on current electronic records management practices and how these could be improved to support and expand e-government activities at the DoJ&CD. Within an e-government environment, the management of electronic records requires a vibrant and organic relationship with organisational affairs to ensure transparency and accountability. Findings indicate that, while the DoJ&CD has been implementing various systems to support electronic records management, there has been no integration of the systems to promote e-government. Guidelines to support and expand electronic records management are crucial at the DoJ&CD to support judiciary activities. The findings support the development and implementation of structured and organised electronic records management guidelines, including the implementation of an integrated electronic records management system, updating of the existing file plan, improvements of ICT infrastructure and extended training opportunities for staff. The development of electronic records management guidelines is imperative to ensure that electronic records can be safeguarded for future access.
Introduction to Special Issue on Youth Groups and Gangs in the African Context
Authors: Omanga Duncan , Agade Kennedy Mkutu
Published: September 2022

Introduction to special issue
Ovwuvwe Festival Songs: Context and Performance
Authors: Izu Benjamin Obeghare
Published: September 2022

This article focuses on the context and performance of Ovwuvwe festival songs performed during the Ovwuvwe festival celebration among the Abraka people in Delta State, Nigeria. The songs, used at different stages of the festival, serve entertainment and ritualistic purposes. With its deep socio-cultural roots, the songs’ text gives the audience entertaining mental pictures that convey meanings simply and effectively. This article enumerates the various stages of the songs’ performance during the festival. It further examines the role of the songs in the festival culture. Oral interviews were the primary source for data collection. Secondary sources included publications and recordings. Unstructured research questions formed the basis for the study. A brief note on the Ovwuvwe festival and the Abraka people is provided, and the texts of some of the festival songs were transcribed and translated into English for analysis and discussion.
“Crawling Takes Away My Dignity”: Effects of Inaccessible Environments on Persons with Mobility Disabilities in Ghana
Authors: Naami Augustina
Published: September 2022

Individuals with disabilities in Ghana continue to face barriers in the built environment, transportation, information and social spheres, despite local and international laws that promote their human rights and freedoms. These barriers have a negative impact on the education, employment, healthcare, safety, security and social life of persons with disabilities. Little attention is given to the way in which these barriers affect the dignity and self-determination of persons with mobility disabilities. Guided by the social relational model of disability and photovoice methodology, in this study, I sought to fill the gap. I used purposive and snowball sampling to recruit 10 persons with mobility disabilities who engaged in the data collection and analysis. The study outcome indicates that the dignity of persons with mobility disabilities was compromised while managing inaccessible environments requiring them to crawl, be carried, and rely on others for help. The findings indicate that self-determination was an issue for the participants because they either did not have opportunities or had limited opportunities to choose independently because of the restrictions posed by the environment. Education, religious and economic institutions and all other service providers should ensure that their environments are accessible and safer for persons with mobility disabilities. The government should ensure the enforcement of disability-related policies to promote accessibility for persons with disabilities. An accessible environment could promote the dignity, self-determination, health and overall well-being of persons with mobility disabilities.
Afrocentric Social Work Practice Guidelines for Assisting African Clans Raising Children with Congenital Abnormalities
Authors: Mathebane Mbazima Simeon
Published: September 2022

The entanglement of African people with a system of westernised social work alien to their world view produces a paradigmatic and epistemic crisis. Consequently, African scholars are called upon to employ evidence-based methods to develop contextually rooted theories and models for African social work. Despite the outcry and numerous texts amplifying the need for decolonised social work typologies, there is still a scarcity of locally developed social work approaches or models. The lived experiences of African clans raising children with congenital abnormalities offer a window into the untapped yet rich world of African ways of being and knowing. This article presents Afrocentric social work practice guidelines for assisting African clans raising children with congenital abnormalities. Guided by the “Africana existential philosophy” and the intervention design and development model, the author used data generated from an original study of African clans’ lived experiences to develop a set of Afrocentric social work practice guidelines. The development of these empirically based practice guidelines for Afrocentric social work may encourage more efficient, effective and responsive social work practice with this population. It is also anticipated that the guidelines may further expand on a decolonised social work curriculum and help to formalise the resurgence of indigenous knowledge systems in social work research, practice and training. These guidelines do not exclude other theoretical options but rather complement them and provide an alternative perspective from the Global South.
A Case for a Relational Approach in Development Interventions: Measuring the Relationships of an NGO in South Africa
Authors: Holtzhausen Marlie , Musyoka Jason
Published: September 2022

This article argues in favour of relationships as a measure of development. The study gathered primary data from the James 1:27 Trust, a non-governmental organisation providing socio-economic and psychological support to vulnerable households in Pretoria, South Africa. The data were gathered through a qualitative method by which three officials from the James 1:27 Trust and seven participants from three households targeted by the James 1:27 Trust were interviewed. The in-depth interviews were complemented by a focus group discussion, which combined the Trust officials and the households. A thematic content analysis was used to interpret and analyse the data. The study concluded that the nature and extent of relationships in the examined non-governmental organisation present an opportunity to understand and measure development differently from the way it is understood and measured in orthodox development. The participants used burdened words such as family, belonging, appreciation, value, bonding, paying attention, and honesty as proxies for measuring development. These findings provide insight into the meaning of relationships in development processes and outcomes. The article recommends that care relationships be moved from the shadows to the mainstream of development practice.
Clinical and Forensic Interviews in Child Sexual Abuse Allegations in South Africa: Literary Reflections on the Roles of Practitioners
Authors: Rapholo Frank , Zimba Zibonele
Published: September 2022

Very few universities in South Africa offer postgraduate training on forensic social work, hampering the ability of social workers to conduct forensic interviews. This article is birthed by concerns raised by professionals (in particular, social workers) regarding their roles during the interviews with children alleged to be sexually abused. Professionals from across disciplines such as social workers, mental health practitioners, police officers and psychologists are involved in interviews with child victims of sexual abuse. In this conceptual article, we argue that each of these professionals must be vigilant about their roles and responsibilities when interviewing victims of child sexual abuse because if they conduct forensic interviews without proper knowledge of doing so, the prosecution and conviction of perpetrators might be compromised. The focus of this article is within the context of social work with an attempt to differentiate between the roles of forensic social workers and clinical social workers dealing with child sexual abuse allegations in South Africa. Forensic social work training and practice in South Africa is still a developing field of specialisation which requires experts to have generic social work interviewing skills. There have not been studies in South Africa that intensively focus on the difference between clinical and forensic interviews. We conducted an extensive and integrative review of literature as a research method to pursue the purpose of this article.
“They Are Not Leaving Without Their Money”: Exploring Encounters With the State Through Cash Transfers in the Rural Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Granlund Stefan
Published: September 2022

In this article, I explore the ways in which encounters with the state through cash transfers shape state–citizen relations in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. I expand on literature that advances an understanding of the way in which state cash transfers can act as a vehicle for either strengthening a sense of citizenship, dignity and entitlement or reproducing inequality, stigmatisation and shame. Using qualitative methods to explore cash transfer recipients’ own lived experiences and drawing on a social justice framework, I illustrate complex state–citizen relations in rural South Africa. Although some recipients perceive grants as a form of charity, there is also a growing sense of entitlement to receiving cash transfers. The interviews and observations suggest that misrecognition has occurred through mistreatment by state officials and extraordinary long queues during a change in service delivery. However, the encounters with state bureaucracy are also potential avenues in which impoverished people see the state and gain recognition, which contributes to a sense of citizenship.
Witness Protection Programmes: The Role of Social Workers in Helping State Witnesses to Deal with Challenges
Authors: Mphaphuli Lucy , Botha Petro
Published: September 2022

Admission of witnesses to the witness protection programme is necessary to protect their lives to ensure successful prosecutions. However, it poses serious challenges that result in the interruption of the functioning of a family such as social uprooting and isolation. There seems to be a shortage of literature on the protection of witnesses that focuses on their challenges and the support interventions they require to be able to adjust and cope in the programme. A qualitative research approach was followed to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of witnesses and the role of social workers in the South African witness protection programme. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used to select 30 participants, including witnesses, social workers and others. The findings describe the participants’ lack of knowledge and awareness of the existence of the witness protection programme, their experiences of trauma, and their difficulties to access social work services. The findings also describe the shortage of social workers to provide support and the unsatisfactory reintegration and aftercare services. This article facilitates insight into the world of witnesses who live in the witness protection programme. It highlights the essential role that social workers can play to help them work through existing trauma, adjust and cope in the programme, and reintegrate into the community.
The Effects of Parental Substance Abuse on Perceived Family Well-Being in a Selected Rural Area in South Africa
Authors: Frans Zanelle , Dykes Glynnis , Carelse Shernaaz
Published: September 2022

In this study, we focused on the effects of parental substance abuse on family well-being in a selected rural area in the Western Cape province of South Africa, because of the lack of research in this community. The farm workers in this community were paid partially with alcohol, which is historically associated with the tot system. In this study, we used a qualitative approach to conduct semi-structured individual interviews with six known substance-abusing parents and six family members of substance-abusing parents. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit the participants from farms in the rural community. The themes centred on the effects of parental substance use on intimate relationships, parenting, children and family functioning. The findings confirm that parental substance abuse in the selected rural area seemed no different to the effects in an urban setting. We therefore suggest that the sociocultural setting of the rural area underscore the ways in which these effects play out. This is because rural settings make the effects substantially more significant with regard to available resources, geographic distances, the enduring effects of the tot system, and norms regarding alcohol, which feed into risk factors. We recommend that a substance abuse framework redress the obstacles which influence the kinds of support and resources that people have access to and partnerships with farm owners for multilevel and appropriate services. We also recommend that the existing policies be amended to focus more strongly on rural areas.
Digital Transformational Leadership in Open Distance Learning: Understanding Progressive Transparency
Authors: du Toit Jacques Avril
Published: September 2022

During the global Covid-19 pandemic, the successes of institutional leadership became a key parameter in re-evaluating the impact of innovation and institutional stances amid the complex challenges and exchanges that occurred during the pandemic. In open and distance learning, the Covid-19 pandemic introduced many higher education leaders to the urgency of digital innovation and foresight and the exemplification of sustainability, with regard to digital transformation. In 2020, the University of South Africa publicised its revised 2030 Strategy (2016–2030), advocating the importance of impact, outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs. This drew the focus for key decision-makers again towards leadership, innovation, transformation and sustainability. In this paper, I view the triptych of digital transformational leadership as a form of transformational leadership, in which a triadic appreciative relationship exists between strategic leadership, business knowledge and digital knowledge. In addition, these triadic positionings enhance a collaborative culture with productive relations between academics, colleagues, students and connections of educational environments with the wider community. In this study, I conduct a critical review by using recent literature to explore the ways in which digital transformational leadership can cultivate agency in an open and distance learning higher educational setting. I will also demonstrate that in spaces in which digital transformational leadership are implemented and well maintained institutional communication and digital change can further accelerate connection whereby the mutability of staff and institutional stakeholders can be acknowledged and dealt with.
E-Tutors’ Practices in Facilitating a Signature Module in Open and Distance Learning at the University of South Africa
Authors: Baloyi Gezani
Published: September 2022

The discourse on the dropout rate of young adult learners in open and distance learning is increasing in higher education. However, supporting students who use new technologies in open and distance learning is gaining attention. Currently, there is an understanding between the University of South Africa and its students to adopt the open distance e-learning model to increase access to higher education. It is against this background that I conducted the study to investigate e-tutors’ practices in facilitating a signature module in an open and distance learning environment. This is a study of e-tutors’ views on the adequacy of student support to adult students in undergraduate studies. In this study, I followed a qualitative research approach using a case study design. I used purposeful sampling to interview 15 e-tutors from a total of 27. The e-tutors were selected from module BPT1501 in an undergraduate programme in the College of Education at the University of South Africa. In this study, I adopted the Community of Inquiry Theory of Garrison, Anderson and Archer as a lens to analyse themes and research findings. The theoretical framework is suitable for online learning which offers student, teacher and content interaction. In the study, I indicated major findings such as in some rural areas there are no internet facilities, some students do not have access to electricity, and some students have access to electricity but no internet connectivity.
Issues Associated with the Detritiation of Low-Level Aqueous Radioactive Waste
Authors:   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Magomedbekov E. P. , Rastunova I. L. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: September 2022

Management of aqueous tritium-containing waste is viewed as a relevant challenge for many countries of the world. At present time, nuclear reactors designed for various purposes and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants are considered as key man-made sources of tritium waste. Tritium can be removed from water streams solely via physicochemical methods providing the separation of hydrogen isotopes. Two methods are considered as most promising in this respect, namely, water rectification under vacuum and chemical isotope exchange between hydrogen and water. The paper evaluates engineering and environmental aspects associated with the proposed methods providing light and heavy water detritiation.
Study on Spent Ion Exchange Resin Drying and Optimization of Its Conditioning Process with No Inclusion into the Disposal Matrix
Authors:   JSC Atomenergoproekt, Sorokin V. T. , Prohorov N. A. ,   JSC Atomenergoproekt, Gataullin R. M. ,   JSC “345 MZ”, Babkin A. N. ,   JSC “345 MZ”, Berezovskiy A. V. ,   JSC “345 MZ”, Pavlov D. I. ,   Saint-Petersburg branch of JSC FCS&HT “SNPO “Eleron” — “VNIPIET”
Published: September 2022

The publication [1] discusses technical issues faced during the conditioning of intermediate- and low-level spent ion exchange resins by thermal vacuum drying to obtain packages that would meet waste acceptability criteria for nearsurface disposal facilities. This article is a continuation of another publication [1] which elaborated on a study of ionexchange resin drying process and provided some proposals on the conditioning optimization using NZK-150-1.5 P containers. It specifies optimal parameters for the pre-disposal treatment and conditioning of dried resins providing their safe storage and disposal. The study presents calculated permissible internal pressure providing adequate strength of the containers. The proposed pre-disposal ion exchange resin treatment and conditioning method can be recommended for industrial use.
Assessment of Capabilities for EFP Cartridge Filter Decontamination
Authors:   FSUE Mayak PA, Kuznetsova N. A. , Sakhnenko O. A. ,   FSUE Mayak PA
Published: September 2022

Under this study, tested were the decontamination options for cartridge filters of EFP type and it was established that a mixed method should be used to achieve maximum efficiency of EFP cartridge filter decontamination. The method should combine sequential processing using water and/or acid solutions in hydraulic impact mode and ultrasonic decontamination by immersion. The developed decontamination technique provides quite complete recycling of target element into the industrial process and prevents the release of nuclear material into the environment during further radioactive waste management under long-term storage conditions.
Will Short Peptides Revolutionize Chelation Therapy?
Authors: Shoshan Michal S.
Published: September 2022

It will soon be twenty years since the last chelating agent was clinically approved to be used against toxic metals. Even though metal poisoning has been known to humankind for centuries, only about a dozen compounds, all of which are small molecules, compose the pharmaceutical toolbox to expel intrinsically toxic or essential but misregulated metals. These compounds widely suffer from various drawbacks, most critically, poor metal selectivity. Can medicinal inorganic chemistry offer modern solutions to these old challenges? In this perspective, the opportunities and advantages of harnessing short peptides for chelation therapy are described. While broadly aiming to address various toxic metals, achievements in targeting lead (Pb) with peptides reveal the unexplored potential hidden in this chemical space and raise the possibility that peptides may reform chelation therapy.
Visualizing Nanoscale Dynamics with Time-resolved Electron Microscopy
Authors: Voss Jonathan M. , Olshin Pavel K. , Drabbels Marcel , Lorenz Ulrich J.
Published: September 2022

The large number of interactions in nanoscale systems leads to the emergence of complex behavior. Understanding such complexity requires atomic-resolution observations with a time resolution that is high enough to match the characteristic timescale of the system. Our laboratory’s method of choice is time-resolved electron microscopy. In particular, we are interested in the development of novel methods and instrumentation for high-speed observations with atomic resolution. Here, we present an overview of the activities in our laboratory.
'Lessons in Chemistry': The (Un)balanced Chemical Equation of (In)equality
Authors: Mamula Steiner Olimpia
Published: September 2022

A literary success in 2022, the novel 'Lessons in chemistry' describes the struggle for recognition and independence of a female research chemist in the conservative USA of the 1950’s.
Swiss Biotech Day, May 2022. Sustainability Across the Pharmaceutical Value Chain - How Switzerland Could Take a Leading Role in Promoting a Greener Approach
Authors: Gehring Marta , Meyer Hans-Peter
Published: September 2022

The sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry has aroused interest from various sectors and disciplines, including chemistry, biology and engineering. Given the Swiss drug sector’s innovative engine and enormous economic importance, a Swiss Biotech Day panel discussion was held in May 2022 in Basel to address the question of how “sustainability across the pharmaceutical value chain” can be edged forward in Switzerland. Roche, Lonza, Pheida, ETH, the Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW), and a newly established collaborative, Circular Carbon for Chemistry (ccLoop) joined forces and agreed that sustainability must become a key strategic goal for the industry in Switzerland. The panel looked at the sustainability challenge, at how a green transition can be achieved faster, and at how industrial biotechnology applications can improve industry’s performance, energy efficiency and product value while yielding viable sustainable solutions to protect our environment. Switzerland is a leader in drug development and manufacturing. By placing greater energy and resources on the sustainability equation, we ensure continued leadership and a greener world. ‘Swissness’ will increasingly have to denote effective drugs produced sustainably.
Gas-particle flow of pneumatic conveying in vertical pipes simulated using four-way coupled second-order moment method
Authors: Sun Dan
Published: September 2022

Gas-particle flow in vertical pipes and its anisotropic behavior of turbulence were investigated using the novel four-way coupled second-order moment method of the fluid-particle Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model. In this study, the flow behavior of a gas-particle two-phase flow in a vertical pipe was simulated. The study investigated the gas turbulence affected by the presence of particles. For instance, the enhancement of the gas turbulence due to the presence of particles having a diameter of 500 µm, causing wake shedding and the dissipation of particle fluctuation was predicted by the effect of the fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions. Furthermore, the anisotropic turbulence of the gas phase was also predicted to be enhanced by the presence of 500-µm particles, wherein the anisotropic ratio of the second-order moment of the gas phase turbulent velocity was predicted to be in the range of 2–12. Contrarily, in the presence of smaller particles with a diameter of 200 µm, the anisotropic turbulence of the gas phase was predicted to be attenuated, and the anisotropic ratio was reduced to the range of 1–2. In addition, the absolute value of the turbulence dissipation of particles due to fluid-particle interactions was predicted to be half of that due to particle collisions. The anisotropic behavior of these turbulence dissipations was predicted close to the anisotropic behavior of particle turbulence in both the distribution and value.
The Important Factor of Political Stability
Authors:   Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Kalmina L.V.
Published: September 2022

The article under review was written by famous Siberian scientist professor L. M. Dameshek and devoted to the ethnic factor aspect in the frontier policy of Russian Empire in connection with Siberia. It is stated that the author in Siberian region integration into imperial area distinguishes two stages: initial regionalism providing for managerial models diversity over newly acquired territories and severe centralism assuming unification and standardization of management. The scientist compares similar processes in other frontier territories for defining common tendencies and regional peculiarities of different peoples’ inclusion into business life and social-cultural area of Russia, comparativism ideology having been professed. The attention is paid to the controversial problem of Russian status as a colonial power. The researcher sticks to the point of view that Siberia was not European Russia’s colony in reality because indigenous peoples were integrated into all-Russian system of economic and cultural relations.
Incorporation of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia in Nation-Wide of the Russian Empire
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Kazarin V. N.
Published: September 2022

The review of the monograph by L. M. Dameshek is submitted. It is noted that the author on the basis of the analysis of the huge massif of various sources investigated key problems: a role and the place of the outskirts of the Russian Empire in domestic policy of the public power, reflection of an image of foreigners in the Siberian press, issues of sociocultural incorporation of the people of Siberia in all-imperial space. The conclusion is drawn that application by the author of a comparting method helped to reveal visually features of an ethnic factor of government policy in relation to the Siberian outskirts, to show lighting it in periodicals of the studied period and to give a complete modern assessment of various forms of entry of indigenous people of Siberia into the system of the state unity of Russia at a boundary of the 19th – 20th centuries.
Special Duties Officials in the Public Administration System of Eastern Siberia in the 19th Century
Authors:   Senior Research Associate Institute of History SB RAS, Matkhanova N. P.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes functions set by legislation, range of actually performed duties, general number and place of special duties officials in the public administration system. In Siberia, this position was established as a result of the reformation activities of Michael M. Speransky. The article gives examples of duties and career paths of specific people, citing the formulary list of D. B. Banzarov. Based on the comprehensive study of sources, it concludes by arguing that special duties officials enabled the local administration to react more quickly and flexibly to real problems. Due to the weakness of the police and investigative bodies the main duty of the special duties officials was all kinds of investigations. This circumstance required candidates for the position to have a certain level of education, some special skills and practical experience.
Religious Policy in the Eastern Regions of the Russian Empire: Public and Political Discourse of the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century
Authors:   Omsk State Pedagogical University, Balin M. A.
Published: September 2022

The article reveals the content of public discourse in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries in terms of the ideas of various layers of the Russian society about religious policy in the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire. The positions of national-conservatives and liberals on the role of the state and the church in empire-building are revealed.
Solving Medical and Social Problems of the Family, Motherhood and Childhood in the USSR 1936–1953 (Based on the Materials of the Irkutsk Region and the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR)
Authors:   Baikal State University, Burdina D. A.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of social policy in the field of motherhood and childhood in the USSR in 1936–1953. The aspect of solving medical and social problems of families in the context of the development of certain territories of Eastern Siberia is studied. The main features of the development of women's and children's health protection, as well as the impact of health measures on the birth rate and child mortality are noted. On the basis of archival materials, an analysis of the indicators of the number of abortions, as well as the dynamics of the development of maternity institutions, is presented. The peculiarities of the restructuring of the healthcare system during the war years are noted. The analysis of social policy on the example of the Irkutsk region and the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR showed that both locally and in the country as a whole, human life was valued most of all, and its preservation was the main task of the healthcare system developing throughout the studied period.
National Artistic Intelligentsia of Buryat-Mongolia and the Soviet Power: The Specifics of the Relationship
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Kirichenko S. V. , Baldano M. N. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the specificity of the formation of cultural policy, forms and methods of its implementation in the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR in 1920-1930s. The reasons and consequences of politicization of the cultural space of the national region are considered. The article focuses on such professional groups of the Buryat-Mongolian artistic intelligentsia as writers, artists, directors, and painters.
Flights Across the Bering Strait: The Role of the Magadan Department of Civil Aviation and American Airlines in Organizing Air Communication between the USSR and the USA at the Turn of the 1980s–1990s
Authors:   North-Eastern Interdisciplinary Research Institute n. a. N. A. Shilo FEB RAS, Tretyakov M. V.
Published: September 2022

The article deals with a question that has not been studied in central and regional historiog-raphy due to the scarcity and inaccessibility in the past of the source base about the beginning of flights to the USA by the Magadan Civil Aviation Administration and flights to the cities of the north-east of the USSR by American airlines. For the Kolyma aviators, such activity was new in everything, and entering the foreign market opened up other prospects for it. Considering that in the earlier period, all foreign air communications were carried out exclusively by Aeroflot represented by the Central Directorate of International Air Communications, the start of flights of the regional division was a posi-tive factor. The presence of airlines to Alaska has intensified contacts between scientists, educators, doctors, representatives of business circles and public figures of the two countries, which played an important role in establishing twinning relations between Magadan and Anchorage.
Determinant of Post COVID-19 Vaccination (Sinovac) Adverse Events Among Health Care Workers in Palembang
Authors: Fatimah Mustika , Dianita Ekawati  , Sitorus Rico Januar , Supli Effendi Rahim  , Alfredo Armando Parensyah
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 cases in Palembang are still increasing every day. This pandemic has forced the adaptation of the "New Normal" lifestyle, which will have an impact on communicable and non-communicable diseases. The Sinovac vaccine used in the COVID-19 vaccination program for Health Care Workers (HCW), which is a top priority, is still a new vaccine, so a survey of complaints and the determinant is important. This study aimed to survey complaints and the determinant of Post COVID-19 Vaccination (Sinovac) Adverse Events among HCW. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Palembang between June and August 2021 on 414 HCWs who received the COVID-19 vaccine injection. The instrument consisted of demographic characteristics, marital status, distance to health care facilities, Body Mass Index (BMI), diet, sleep quality, anxiety, and some medical histories. Overall, although many, all complaints were classified as mild. There was a significant relationship between age, anxiety, and history of food allergy with Post COVID-19 Vaccination Adverse Events (p-value = 0.003; 0.017; 0.050), and anxiety was the determinant of the adverse events (p-value < 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between age, anxiety, and history of food allergy with Post COVID-19 Vaccination Adverse Events indicates that these factors need to be considered in determining the standard operational procedure for the next vaccination. While there was no significant relationship between obesity, diet, sleep quality, history of drug allergy, atopic disease, hypertension, and dyspepsia syndrome are expected to increase public knowledge and confidence so there will be no worries about receiving the vaccine.
Electronic Chips Acting as Capacitors or Inductors when Laser Act as Information Transmitter
Authors: Yousef Mashair Ahmed Mohammed , Alsubaie Abdullah Saad , Saad Zoalnoon Ahmed Abeid Allah Saad , Abd-Alla Mubarak Dirar
Published: September 2022

To increase the speed of information flow and storage capacity in electronic devices laser can be used to carry information instead of electric current. Since the photon is faster than electrons, one expects information to be transmitted very fast through the internet when photons replace electrons. This requires searching for chips that act as capacitors, inductors or resistors. To do this Maxwell's equation for the electric field intensity beside the electron equation of motion were used. The electron is assumed to vibrate naturally inside a frictional medium in the presence of a local electric and magnetic fields. These equations have been used to find a useful expression for the absorption coefficient. The absorption coefficient was found to be dependent on the laser and natural frequencies beside the coefficient of friction in addition to the internal electric and magnetic fields. These parameters can be fine-tuned to make the chip act as a capacitor, inductor or resistor. The laser intensity decreases when the absorption coefficient inecreases. Thus, the absorption coefficient acts as an electic resistor. Therefore, if the absorption coefficient inecreases upon decreasing the frequency the chip acts as a capacitor. But when the absorption coefficient inecreases when the laser frequency inreases the chip acts as an inductor. In the case that the absorption coefficient inecreases with the concentration of the carriers it acts in this situation as a resistor. For magnetic materials with magnetic flux density that cancels the frictional force, when the laser frequency is equal nearly to the atom’s natural frequency the material acts as an inductor. But when the frictional force is low with the internal and external electric fields in phase, the material acts as a capacitor. However, it acts as a resistor for negligible natural frequency, when no electric dipoles exist and when the internal magnetic field force balance the frictional force.