bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A simplified, 2-question grading system for evaluating abstracts in orthopedic scientific meetings: a serial randomization study
Authors: Van der Weegen Walter , Van Egmond Jeroen C , Geuze Ruth E , Gosens Taco , Snoeker Barbara , Poolman Rudolf W
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Efficient abstract scoring for congress presentation is important. Given the emergence of new study methodologies, a scoring system that accommodates all study designs is warranted. We aimed to assess the equivalence of a simplified, 2-question abstract grading system with a more complex currently used system in assessing abstracts submitted for orthopedic scientific meetings in a serial randomized study.Methods: Dutch Orthopedic Association Scientific Committee (DOASC) members were randomized to grade abstracts using either the current grading system, which includes up to 7 scoring categories, or the new grading system, which consists of only 2 questions. Pearson correlation coefficient and mean abstract score with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results: Analysis included the scoring of 195 abstracts by 12–14 DOASC members. The average score for an abstract using the current system was 60 points (CI 58–62), compared with 63 points (CI 62–64) using the new system. By using the new system, abstracts were scored higher by 3.3 points (CI 1.7–5.0). Pearson correlation was poor with coefficient 0.38 (P < 0.001).Conclusion: The simplified abstract grading system exhibited a poor correlation with the current scoring system, while the new system offers a more inclusive evaluation of varying study designs and is preferred by almost all DOASC members.
Patient Journey of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: A Real-world Study Using Data-mining Methods and Japanese Claims Data
Authors: Hayama Koremasa , Tian Yahui , Iwasaki Ryoko , Fujita Hideki
Published: April 2024

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Health data social licence: An inclusive process to learn more about the perspectives of experienced public and patient advisors
Authors: Burt Julia , Cumyn Annabelle , Dault Roxanne , Belzile Louise , Binder Louise , Carter Cris , Carter Paul , Cho Brian , Dallaire Clara , Gaudreau André , L'Hérault Frédéric , McKinnon Annette , Remy Danièle , Stephenson Leah , Yip Cindy , Paprica P Alison
Published: April 2024

The term "social licence" has been used to describe which uses and users of health data the public supports - and under what conditions. From November 2022 to January 2023, Health Data Research Network Canada was funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada to explore whether there was consensus among experienced public and patient advisors on: (i) uses of health data that all members supported or opposed and (ii) what constitutes an essential requirement for a health data use or user to be within social licence.
The project was conducted in English and French in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Research Group in Health Informatics (GRIIS) at the University of Sherbrooke. It involved 20 public/patient advisor "participants" and an additional 13 public/patient advisors who served as peer-reviewers, all of whom had prior experience working in a health-related field and/or with health data. The process followed inclusive design principles in that it captured views held by the majority and minority of participants, including views expressed by only one or two participants.
After two 2-hour facilitated sessions, participants agreed that it is within social licence for health data to be used (i) by healthcare practitioners to improve patient care, (ii) by governments and administrators to improve the health system, and (iii) by university-based researchers to understand disease and well-being. There was consensus opposition to (i) an individual or organisation selling someone else's identified health data and (ii) health data being used for a purpose that has no public or societal benefit. There was no consensus about what constitutes an essential requirement for a use or users of health data to be with social licence. The results of the process have been published in a non-peer-reviewed report co-authored with participants.
This paper has been co-authored with a subset of the participants and peer-reviewers to present a high-level summary of the findings, methodological details, and templates to enable other groups to adapt the process to their own settings. It also presents the results of an anonymous evaluation of the process using the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET), which were mostly positive and identified some areas for improvement.
Effect of Pickling Methods on the Quality and Flavor of Umeboshi
Authors: Fukuma Kana , Seki Hiroko
Published: April 2024

Umeboshi is made by pickling plums in salt. The quality of umeboshi varies depending on the pickling method and additives used. In the present study, we compared the quality of plums pickled in salt, brine, and Ca-supplemented brine. Quality determinants of the pickled plums included hardness, moisture content, pH, Brix value, fruit color, and malic acid, citric acid, and salt concentrations. We also performed a microbiological evaluation of the umeboshi. Additionally, using a questionnaire, we surveyed consumer preferences for umeboshi pickled using different additives. Salt-pickled umeboshi had a high pH and low citric acid content, resulting in a mild flavor, whereas umeboshi pickled in brine had a high malic acid content. After soaking in various salts, the acidity of pickled plums increased. Moreover, umeboshi pickled in Ca-supplemented brine exhibited high L-and a-values. Our results suggest that malic acid contributes to the flavor and appeal of umeboshi and that Ca supplementation in the brine results in bright-colored umeboshi.
Virtual Linguistic Landscape During Post-Covid 19 in Haneda Airport Public Space
Authors: Putri Indika , Nurjaleka Lisda , Afifah Muthi
Published: April 2024

The virtual linguistic landscape was a study that investigated texts that existed in the public space and were done virtually. Haneda Airport had a policy of creating linguistic landscape signs for visitors during the post-COVID-19 situation. This study aimed to examine the use of language, actors, and categories of linguistic landscape signs. There were 888 landscape linguistic signs as the objects in this study. The data was taken with screenshots of sign images from a Haneda Airport-related video uploaded on YouTube. The collection methods were done by using the techniques of observation and documentation. This study used a qualitative descriptive method by applying the linguistic landscape theory of Landry and Bourhis. The result showed that multilingualism with the composition of Japanese-English-Chinese Korean was widely used in the linguistic landscape of Haneda Airport’s public space. Meanwhile, the category of public signs dominates the linguistic landscape signs, keeping with Haneda Airport’s status as a public space. Airport public authorities (top-down) often made public signs and place names using multilingual and bilingual. In contrast, private actors (bottom-up) mostly make commercial shop signs and advertising billboards using monolinguals.
Resentment against Racism in Koirala’s Sumnima
Authors: Shrivastwa Bimal Kishore
Published: April 2024

The present paper seeks to analyze resentment against racism and ethnic consciousness in Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala’s novel, Sumnima, from the theoretical perspectives of race and ethnicity advocated by mainly by Thomas Hylland Eriksen. This paper explores how the novel primarily delineates the conflict between the Aryans, the so-called hegemonic group, and non-Aryans, particularly Kirats and Bhillas, the subjugated marginal community, in the Nepalese society. The obvious reason for conflict is cultural or religious differences. The dominant Aryansin the novel think themselves superior to Kirats and Bhillas. They think that they are the civilized ones as they obtain divinity through hard penance and spiritual transformation, while non-Aryans are wild, uncivilized, and devoid of good culture. It is expected that the research will be a useful reference for the researchers intending to probe into the Nepalese literature from the perspective of cultural studies.
Using Telegram application to promote student engagement in ESP classroom
Authors: Pudyastuti Zusana E. , Sari Nara , Palandi Jozua F.
Published: April 2024

This descriptive qualitative study aimed to explore student engagement and student responses towards using Telegram in the ESP classroom. The participants consisted of 66 students from a private university in Indonesia. They were selected using a purposive sampling method. This study was conducted in a fully online mode class. This study also identified various ways in which assignments and student-to-student/teacher-student relationships in online learning environments can trigger student responses. An observation checklist and an interview guideline were used in data collection, and the theory of student engagement as a controlled action was employed in data analysis. The teaching practice of using Telegram in online classes seems to trigger various constructive responses and lively discussions. The discussion activity was mostly initiated by the teacher or the students who intended to ask questions or clarify an idea. This study shows that the use of Telegram in ESP classrooms contributes to a significant increase in students’ engagement, interaction, motivation, and collaboration online.  Despite its limitations, Telegram has proven its benefits to be used for improving students' interaction and engagement during language learning. Language learning is more enjoyable for both the students and teachers by incorporating Telegram in the ESP classrooms. In conclusion, this study presents the importance of technology integration in education, which makes learning more effective and empowering.
Philosophical Thought’s Dialectical Movement: The Genesis of the Knowledge System in Alexander Kojève’s Philosophy. Article Two: Discourse Synthesis
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Dorofeyev Yakov S.
Published: April 2024

The article delves into the historical-philosophical framework developed by Alexandre Kojève, a French Neo-Hegelian thinker, known as The Knowledge System. This project is rooted in Hegelian inspiration and seeks to comprehensively elucidate the historical trajectory of philosophical discourse. The subsequent segment of the article serves to encapsulate and evaluate Kojève’s scheme of philosophical evolution. Central to this analysis is the examination of the interconnectedness and fusion of theological, scientific, and moral discourses within Kojève’s historical-philosophical milieu. This exploration sheds light on Kojève’s conception of Hegelian anthropotheism. Kojève’s methodological approach to the history of philosophy stands out for its departure from the conventional narrative of uninterrupted intellectual lineage from ancient Greece. Instead, he highlights a pivotal shift catalyzed by the advent of Christianity, which amalgamates elements from Hellenic pagan philosophy and Jewish monotheism. To underscore the divergence between Kojève’s perspectives on ancient philosophy (as well as subsequent periods) and those of established scholars, we draw upon Richard Rorty’s framework of the four genres of historiography in contemporary philosophy. According to Rorty, Kojève’s historical-philosophical framework aligns with Geistesgeschichte, or the «history of the human spirit».
From the History of the Forced Deportation of Chechens and Ingush: To the 80th Anniversary of the Deportation (1944–2024)
Authors:   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Isakieva Zulai S.
Published: April 2024

During the years of the Stalinist regime, the authorities used destructive measures to influence both individual groups of people and entire nations. The Chechen and Ingush peoples turned out to be victims of lawlessness and arbitrariness, which became part of the official policy of the totalitarian regime. The study of Stalin’s deportation policy during the ongoing war, with the diversion of a significant number of military, transport, and material resources, allows a more critical approach to understanding the course of the historical process in the USSR. Based on concrete historical facts, the presented article examines the nature of the deportation of Chechens and Ingush, carried out in the winter of 1944, and its consequences. Identifying the causes of the deportation of peoples during the Great Patriotic War and debunking the myth of their collaboration remains one of the urgent scientific tasks. According to many researchers, the deportation policy was carried out by the Soviet government as a preventive measure, as punishment for cooperation with the Germans, to solve demographic problems. However, upon serious analysis, the listed reasons turn out to be untenable and the true goals of mass repression have not been revealed to date.
The Role of Central and Regional Authorities in the Development of the Scientific Organization System in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 1950th–1970th
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kuzmenko Alexandra S. ,   Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center  of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Gergilev Denis N. ,   Siberian Federal University,   Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center  of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”
Published: April 2024

The formation of scientific organizations, as well as their networks, are traditionally determined through an economic base – by the need to develop either individual sectors of the national economy, most significant in a certain period, or the entire economy. At the same time, specific influences generated exclusively by the political sphere of public life are beyond consideration. This article attempts to comprehend these processes by examining the formation and development of not central, but peripheral, regional systems of scientific organizations. The author analyzes the role of political entities in the development of the scientific organizations structure of the Krasnoyarsk territory and identifies two main acting actors – the state and regional nomenclature with bureaucracy. While the state provides overarching directives and resources, regional elites wield significant influence over the allocation and distribution of scientific resources within the region. This interplay between central and regional actors results in a complex network of scientific institutions characterized by both cooperation and competition. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between political, economic, and institutional factors in shaping regional scientific systems. By elucidating the roles of central and regional authorities, the research contributes to a nuanced understanding of the dynamics driving scientific development in peripheral regions.
The Tragedy in the Chechen Khaybakh: Memory of Generations (Sociological Analysis)
Authors:   Complex Scientific Research Institute named after H.I. Ibragimov  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhemchuraeva Zhemchuraeva
Published: April 2024

This article delves into the tragedy that occurred in the village of Khaybakh in the Galanchozhsky district of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944), stemming from the determination of NKVD personnel to execute the order of absolute deportation of Chechens at any cost, even at the expense of many hundreds of civilian lives. The author portrays the events as a source of historical trauma for the Chechen ethnic group. Analogies are drawn between the events in the village of Khaybakh and the Holocaust, as well as the tragedies in the Czech village of Lidice and the Belarusian village of Khatyn. The issue of the commemorative field is delineated, analyzing the peculiarities of how present generations in the Chechen Republic perceive historical events related to ethnic genocide in 1944. It is noted that the level of awareness among young respondents about the tragedy is low. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of educational efforts to preserve the memory of the past to prevent its recurrence. Additionally, the focus is on conducting informational campaigns on social media platforms to combat attempts to falsify history and intentionally distort historical facts. The tragedy in Khaybakh serves as a somber reminder of the consequences of unchecked power and the importance of preserving historical memory. By actively engaging with the past and confronting historical injustices, societies can strive towards a more just and equitable future.
Reflexive and Methodological Analysis of Information Wars: A Socio-Philosophical Aspect
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Morozova Olga F. , Gruzdev Andrey A. ,   Siberian Federal University, Leopa Alexander V. ,   Siberian Federal University, Makarchuk Ivan Yu. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the phenomenon of information wars in a reflexive and methodological way. This concept refers to the recently widespread practice of international confrontation based on the use of non–traditional means of suppressing the enemy – due to the hidden but directed influence on mass consciousness by the media, involving the spheres of social and cultural interaction. The interdisciplinarity of the phenomenon under consideration, the diversity of its interpretations, and the lack of a generally accepted definition are noted. The relevance of philosophical reflexive and methodological analysis is substantiated, which reveals the content of the concept of information wars in the context of the ultimate foundations of being and culture as a whole. It is emphasized that this kind of confrontation determines the emergence of crisis trends in all areas of the spiritual sphere, including literature, art, religion, threatening the information security of society. The negative external influence on the national consciousness is disguised as progressive ideas and thus receives the support of the active strata of society. In conclusion, the authors note the need to differentiate between real promising socio-cultural development and pseudo-evolution due to the conduct of information and psychological warfare.
Dualism of Truth and Delusion in Context Onto-Epistemological Analysis
Authors:   Orenburg State University, Gabdullin Ildar R. , Orlova Elena V. ,   Orenburg State University
Published: April 2024

The aim of the present article is to investigate the most significant epistemological aspects of the concepts of truth and delusion. In this regard, particular attention is paid to comparing these concepts and analyzing them from the point of view of the principles of relativity and scientific realism. The study includes the identification of specific aspects of the interpretation of the fundamental characteristics of the concept of truth, such as absoluteness and relativity. Emphasis is placed on applying the status of relativity to both the concept of truth and the concept of delusion. The study was conducted using an activity-based approach in understanding scientific cognition, the method of dialectical complementarity, as well as etymological and formal logical analysis of terms. The principles of scientific realism and, partly, hypothetical realism are used as general methodological guidelines. The key concepts of the study are determined on the basis of the scientific and philosophical principle of relativity. The scientific and philosophical novelty of the work is the interpretation of the problem described in the text as correlated with classes of those problems that, in principle, do not have a generalized system of exact solutions in the theory of knowledge, but at the same time manifest themselves as requiring an integrated approach and denoting a multiplicity of study contexts.
Byzantine Identity as a Factor in the Formation of Russian Identity
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Emelyanova Olga B. , Maslova Ekaterina S. ,   Southern University (IMBL)
Published: April 2024

The article examines the components of the complex concept of “Byzantine identity”. The relevance is based on the request of the modern Russian person in gaining a stable historical identity, establishing the boundaries of national identity. Understanding Byzantium as a civilization and its identity can help modern Russians understand the historical roots of their culture, see the connection between the past and the present, and find new ways to express their values. The article examines the view of philosophers and thinkers on Byzantium as a great civilization that firmly laid the foundations of Russian identity. K.N. Leontiev in his work points to the enormous role of Orthodoxy as a system-forming link of the Byzantine state, which defined the key concept of Byzantine identity. F.I. Uspensky provably asserts the leading role of Byzantium for the formation of Russian identity, discovering “Byzantinism” as a concept and describing the Byzantine “spiritual element” as a synthesis of Hellenism, Roman consciousness and Orthodoxy. N.Ya. Danilevsky proved the importance and regularity of the formation of Slavic culture as a special type of historical identity of the individual, asserted the advantages of the Slavic type, Slavic culture and spirituality over Catholicism. The Roman Empire and Roman citizenship, elements of Hellenic culture, and Orthodox Christianity served as the basis of Byzantine identity. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian civilization borrowed from Byzantium a number of fundamental foundations of civilizational identity.
Heart, Soul and Mind as Philosophical Concepts in P.D. Yurkevich’s Worldview
Authors:   Moscow Financial-Industrial University “Synergy", Ishutin Alexander A.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the epistemological views of Pamphil Danilovich Yurkevich, a prominent representative of Russian religious philosophy. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it is wrong to perceive the soul as a mechanical device, which can only be affected mathematically by stimuli from the outside world. It is the heart that is the organ of holistic knowledge and the key element connecting with the soul. Yurkevich categorically disagrees with the modernist point of view that the justice that society is trying to establish through laws is created solely by the mind of people and that these laws relate only to issues of property and any external freedoms. The philosopher believes that it is unacceptable to equate the reasonableness of an act with its moral dignity: “reasonable” does not at all mean “moral” from the standpoint of Christian love. The author of the article concludes that the philosophy of the heart, of which P.D. is an outstanding representative. Yurkevich helps a person bring genuine moral consciousness into the world, find the perfect combination between intuition, reason and feelings, as well as reveal their true values and establish a deeper connection with themselves and the world around them.
The article discusses the key problems of transport communication of the Far North regions. There are two difficulties in the construction of highways and railroads in the Far North: ultra-low temperatures and permafrost. The presence of centuries-old frozen rocks, or permafrost, containing ice in its composition, also greatly complicates the work of the transport infrastructure of the Far North. Air communication with these territories of the rest of the country is characterized by insufficient frequency and volume of material flows. Water routes that connect the territory of the Far North, in turn, are limited in terms of time of use, as well as the volume of goods transported. The wide variability of transport and logistics directions determines the possibility of their representation in the form of graphs. The aim of the work was to investigate the prospects of using modeling tools for designing transport infrastructure in the Far North. In the course of the study the hypothesis about the feasibility of using graph-analytical models to address complex integrated tasks was confirmed. In practice, they allow to combine mathematical and graphical models in various software products. Using graph theory, which is one of the key research methods, graph-analytical models have been constructed and analyzed, which allow solving applied problems of an unlimited number of industries.
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Mokhirev Alexander P. , Medvedev Sergey O. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Dudin Pavel O. ,   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the key problems of transport communication of the Far North regions. There are two difficulties in the construction of highways and railroads in the Far North: ultra-low temperatures and permafrost. The presence of centuries-old frozen rocks, or permafrost, containing ice in its composition, also greatly complicates the work of the transport infrastructure of the Far North. Air communication with these territories of the rest of the country is characterized by insufficient frequency and volume of material flows. Water routes that connect the territory of the Far North, in turn, are limited in terms of time of use, as well as the volume of goods transported. The wide variability of transport and logistics directions determines the possibility of their representation in the form of graphs. The aim of the work was to investigate the prospects of using modeling tools for designing transport infrastructure in the Far North. In the course of the study the hypothesis about the feasibility of using graph-analytical models to address complex integrated tasks was confirmed. In practice, they allow to combine mathematical and graphical models in various software products. Using graph theory, which is one of the key research methods, graph-analytical models have been constructed and analyzed, which allow solving applied problems of an unlimited number of industries.
Motivación y desarrollo del pensamiento matemático
Authors: Espinosa Alfonso Jiménez , Bello Andrea Carolina Moreno
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como propósito analizar los elementos de la motivación en los estudiantes y diseñar actividades que ayuden al desarrollo del pensamiento matemático, para lo cual se usaron técnicas mixtas de investigación, enmarcadas en un estudio de caso. El trabajo se desarrolló en tres etapas: en la primera se realizó un diagnostico y un análisis sobre la motivación y las habilidades matemáticas de los estudiantes; en la segunda se realizó la fundamentación teórica y se escogieron las temáticas y actividades para desarrollar con los estudiantes, y en la última se organizó, clasificó y analizó la información para la redacción del informe final. Pudo evidenciarse que una de las causas de desmotivación de los estudiantes es la relación que tienen con sus docentes y, en la mayoría de los casos, están motivados a realizar algo solo por estímulos externos. En cuanto al desarrollo de las actividades se evidenció que este tipo de situaciones permite que los estudiantes cambien su actitud de indiferencia y participen más activamente en la construcción de los conceptos matemáticos. Es de destacarse que, al ser un estudio de caso, los alcances de la investigación se restringen a la población con la que se trabajó y, de esta forma, solo se convierte en un ejemplo de la transformación de la práctica.
Social Construction of a Healthy Persolnality: Reasonable Dilemmas and Pseudoscientific Approaches
Authors: Osipova N. G.
Published: April 2024

This article comprehensively examines the problem of social construction of a healthy personality, which, in the context of numerous socio-political upheavals, under the influence of external destructive factors, becomes particularly relevant.

The concept of “personality”, in contrast to the ethically neutral concept of psychophysical and spiritual individuality, it includes a moment of self-determination in the social world. A personality is always characterized by its inherent semantic structure (a system of views, values, ideas), revealed in actions and deeds that are somehow connected with a broader social environment – society and are formed under its influence. Modern social sciences consider personality as a structural integrity of biological, mental and social properties, which gives rise to the identification of several components within the framework of an integral personality structure: biological, mental and social. Similarly, the category of “health” has physical, mental, social and spiritual components that lend themselves to social construction.

The author cites the data of a sociological study conducted by him, according to which both the physical, mental and spiritual health of modern Russian students cannot be considered good. In this regard, he discusses discussions about how it is possible to construct a completely healthy personality, or to restore to it any of the lost components of health using a variety of methods and technologies that differ significantly in their scientific validity and social orientation. Undoubtedly useful methods of strengthening both physical and mental health include those aimed at strengthening the body’s defenses, its self-regulation systems and stress resistance. Thus, such fairly common and scientifically based methods as relaxation and coping, auto-suggestion, creative visualization and common sense therapy seem quite appropriate. In our opinion, pseudoscientific and sometimes destructive methods include extrasensory perception (psychic healing, telekinesis and psychokinesis), karmic medicine, including biofield correction and neuro-linguistic programming. All these methods, as well as the consequences of their application in terms of possibilities in constructing a healthy personality, are discussed in detail in thе article.
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Internal Control in Joint Stock Commercial Banks in Thai Nguyen Province
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thao , Duong Cong Hiep
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This research explores the factors influencing the effectiveness of internal control in joint stock commercial banks in Thai Nguyen province.
 
Design/Methodology/Approach: Adopting a cross-sectional quantitative design, the study employed a bilingual questionnaire. It facilitated data collection via an offline in-person and online platform from a diverse set of professional respondents in Vietnam. The analysis utilized regression in SPSS, applied to a robust dataset of 230 valid observations, ensuring a representative understanding of the research phenomena within the unique sociocultural context.
 
Findings: This research revealed a significant positive relationship between Control Activities (CA), Control Environment (CE), Information and Communication (I&C), Monitoring (MO), Risk Assessment (RA), Group benefit (GB), Goverment support (GOS) and the effectiveness of Internal Control (EIC).
 
Research Limitations/Implications: Despite the rich insights, the study has limitations that future research can address. For instance, the study employed a cross-sectional design, limiting its ability to capture changes over time. Moreover, the research context was limited to Thainguyen a province in VIetnam, suggesting additional studies were needed in other cultural and economic contexts.
 
Practical Implications: The study provides actionable insights for bank to enhance the effectiveness of Internal Control.
 
Originality/Value: This study significantly contributes to the literature by exploring the intricate relationships among CA, CE, I&C, MO, RA, GB, GOS and EIC in an emerging economy context, providing a nuanced understanding of these dynamics.
Respiratory distress in newborns: current state of the problem
Authors: Ivanov D. O. , Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Temirova J. A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Respiratory distress of newborns is one of the most common causes of complications, irreversible damage to the central nervous system and deaths in the neonatal period.

The objective was to analyze the current features of epidemiology, risk factors and outcomes of respiratory distress (RD) in newborns according to the literature.

Materials and methods. The analysis includes 112 publications included in the abstract PubMed database for the period from 2017 to 2023. The search was carried out using keywords: respiratory distress, respiratory distress syndrome, newborns, favorable outcome, unfavorable outcome, risk factor, epidemiology. After the initial study of abstracts, 62 articles were excluded from the review on predicting disease outcomes and the effect of therapeutic measures on the course of respiratory failure in the neonatal period.

Results. Studies on the epidemiology of respiratory distress in newborns are very numerous, but the information available in them is extremely heterogeneous and cannot be extrapolated to patients with neonatal ICUs all over the world. Low weight and short gestation at the time of birth are the main risk factors for an unfavorable neonatal period outcome, especially in developing countries. A special risk group is prematurity with extremely low body weight, especially if they have severe infections and sepsis. Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure in the neonatal period in full-term newborns, in most cases, is noted in persistent pulmonary hypertension, which requires significant costs of all health care resources. Therapeutic strategies that have significantly reduced mortality in newborns with RD are surfactant replacement therapy and various options for non-invasive respiratory support.

Conclusion. The most frequent cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure in the neonatal period is respiratory distress syndrome and transient tachypnea of newborns, which is due to nursing full-term newborns and increasing indications for surgical delivery.
Prognostic significance of predictors of early postoperative cognitive disorders in patients after traumatic surgeries (prospective cohort study)
Authors: Ermokhina N. V. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Davydov D.  V. , Grechko A. V. , Polyakov P. A. , Ryzhkov P. V. , Serkova T.  S. , Lukyanova E. A. , Belokopytov D. V. , Moroz V. V.
Published: April 2024

The objective was to determine the prognostic value of predictors of early postoperative cognitive disorders in traumatological patients to assess the development of the main clinical outcomes (postoperative delirium and delayed neurocognitive recovery).

Materials and methods. A two-center prospective cohort observational study of patients aged 45–74 years after planned traumatological operations (endoprosthetics of large joints of the lower extremities, spinal fusion surgery, transpedicular fixation of vertebrae) under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation was conducted in the period from March 2021 to June 2022. Before the operation, demographic indicators, concomitant diseases, background therapy, laboratory tests and testing (ASA, MoCA, AUDIT, CFS, HADS-A, RASS). At the end of the operation after extubation and in the postoperative period, patients were analyzed according to the scales RUS, CAM- ICU and CAM-ICU-7, NRS and BPS. Statistical analysis was carried out using the software SPSS Statistics 27.0.1.0.

Results. The study included 200 patients. Early postoperative cognitive disorders (ePCD) (agitation and emergence delirium (ED)) 61 (30.5%) patients were diagnosed, 139 (69.5%) patients had adequate awakening in the operating room. Independent predictors of the development of ePCD were the age of patients (≥ 60), glucose level ≥ 5.6 and a high score on the Clinical Frailty Scale (≥ 4). The prevalence of postoperative delirium (POD) was 11% (22 patients). The independent risk factors for POD were the duration of hypotension and the presence of hyperactive ED. Delayed neurocognitive recovery after surgery and anesthesia was observed in 115 patients (57.8%). At the same time, a statistically significant predictor of this condition was the duration of hypotension for more than 15 minutes (sensitivity 59.18%, specificity 65.85%).

Conclusion. When comparing the influence of the study group (patients with ePCD) with the control group, it was determined that ePCD is an independent risk factor for the development of POD (p < 0.001).
Determination of indications for the transition to restrictive tactics of infusion therapy in critically ill preterm infants in the early neonatal period
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Aleksandrovich Yu. S. , Idrisova R. G. , Galimova E. D. , Gilmanova E. I. , Bogdanova R. Z.
Published: April 2024

Introduction. To date, reliable information about the “ideal” infusion therapy regimen for critically ill preterm infants in the early neonatal period is not known.

The objective was to determine the indications for the transition to restrictive tactics of infusion therapy in critically ill preterm infants

Materials and methods. The design was a prospective, observational study. The development included 110 newborns < 32 weeks of gestation (birth weight less than 1500 grams). 11 of them died.

Results. In deceased newborns, right ventricular mean pressure (RVMP) was higher in the first 3 days of intensive care and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was higher by the third day of treatment they had a higher vasoactive inotropic index. The critical threshold value of RVMP was 29.0 mmHg. The “separation point” regarding the risk of death depending on the volume of infusion therapy was 100 ml/kg/day. The threshold value of the nSOFA score regarding the need to limit the volume of infusion therapy based on ROC analysis was 5.0 points.

Conclusion. Preterm infants with a high risk of death (nSOFA score > 5 points) require restrictive infusion therapy. The critical threshold value for the volume of fluid administered may be 100 ml/kg/day.
A nomogram for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Mikaelian K. A. , Petrova M. V. , Filimonova E. V. , Bazanovitch S. A.
Published: April 2024

The objective was to develop a predictive model for assessing the risk of hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO).

Materials and methods. We carried out the analysis of case histories of 123 patients treated in the ICU № 7 of the Moscow City Clinical Hospital 52 during the COVID-19 pandemic period. All patients were treated with the VV-ECMO for COVID-19-associated ARDS according to current indications. We analyzed the characteristics potentially associated with mortality, after which we performed statistical analysis, on the basis of which we created the predictive model.

Results. The overall-mortality rate was 87% (107/123). Independent predictors of death in patients with COVID-19 treated with the VV-ECMO were the maximum VV-ECMO blood flow rate, the period from the onset of the disease to mechanical ventilation, P/F prior to the VV-ECMO initiation and the fact of septic shock development during VV-ECMO. The quality of the prognostic model: AUC = 0.952 [0.909‒0.995], p < 0.001.

Conclusions. The nomogram to assess the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 treated with the VV ECMO has been developed. It includes the assessment of the maximum VV-ECMO blood flow rate, the period from the onset of the disease to mechanical ventilation, P/F prior to the VV-ECMO initiation and the fact of septic shock development during VV-ECMO.
The result of using blood-saving technologies when removing a giant meningioma of the wings of the sphenoid bone: a case report
Authors: Kuligin A. V. , Lushnikov A. , Fisun A. M. , Novikov A. G. , Balatsky O. A. , Shcherbakov S. N. , Smirnov Yu. A. , Lushnikova E. A. , Broyaka N. A. , Zeulina E. E.
Published: April 2024

Neurosurgical operations to remove giant brain tumors, thanks to the development of high-tech operating techniques, are rarely accompanied by massive intraoperative blood loss (especially when removing tumors of glial origin). However, when removing meningiomas characterized by greater variability in location and blood supply, massive intraoperative blood loss may develop. Since May 2023, the State Healthcare Institution «Regional Clinical Hospital» in Saratov, within the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation of services – neuro- and x-ray surgery, anesthesiology-resuscitation and transfusiology, has begun the integrated use of blood-saving technologies in patients during operations to remove giant-brain tumors. The authors present the case of successful use of blood-saving technologies in the coordinated work of the above services to provide surgical treatment of the patient with a giant meningioma of the wings of the sphenoid bone on the left.
Hypertensive crisis in children and adolescents: aspects of intensive therapy
Authors: Bykov Yu. V. , Obedin A. N. , Muravyeva A. A. , Fischer V. V. , Volkov E. V. , Yatsuk I. V. , Zinchenko O. N.
Published: April 2024

In pediatric intensive care practice, a hypertensive crisis (HC) is an acute and urgent condition with a high risk of damage to target organs and organ failure, requiring emergency treatment aimed at decreasing arterial blood pressure (BP) and minimizing the risk of complications. HC is subdivided into uncomplicated (acute), in which no signs of organ damage are present, and complicated (urgent), with acute organ damage (neurological, renal or cardiac dysfunction). The main triggers of HC are concomitant endocrine disorders, renal impairment, and use of certain medications. The clinical signs of HC are diverse and non-specific, and depend on the age of the child and on the type of HC. Intensive care to children with HC is provided in intensive care units and is aimed primarily at gradually decreasing the patient’s BP (by 25% during the first 6–8 hours). In complicated HC, antihypertensive drugs are administered parenterally, whereas patients with uncomplicated HC may receive the drugs in enteral or sublingual form. The main drugs for intensive therapy of HC in children and adolescents are calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, α- and β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, centrally acting agents etc. Each group of antihypertensive drugs has its own peculiarities of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and dose selection, and its own range of adverse effects and contraindications. Timely recognition and competent intensive treatment of children and adolescents with HC will reduce the risk of complications and improve the therapeutic prognosis of this urgent condition.
Appointing Constitutional Court Justices with Statesman Qualification through Transparent Selection Mechanism
Authors: Satriawan Iwan , Erianto Hanifa
Published: April 2024

There is an unclear definition regarding the qualification of a statesman in the candidacy of Constitutional Court Justices. In addition, no assessment is used to search for those who qualify as statesmen. This study aims to determine the nature and characteristics of statesmen as an indication of the selection mechanism of Indonesian Constitutional Court Justices and evaluate whether the selection mechanism may produce justice with statesman qualification. The research method is normative and empirical legal research, which uses philosophical, historical, conceptual, and statute approaches. The result shows that the concept and nature of statesmanship as a requirement for Constitutional Court Justices is based on the Republic of Indonesia's Constitution and the Constitutional Court Law, which states that Constitutional Court Justices must meet the requirements such as integrity and impeccable personality, fair; and statesman who control the Constitution and state administration. However, the recruitment procedure is excessively more political and unstandardized. Therefore, the current mechanism for selecting Constitutional Court Justices may not generate Justices with statesman-like behavior. The research recommends that in the future, the selection mechanism of the Constitutional Court Justices needs to be reconstructed to produce Justices with statesman qualifications by having a more transparent procedure.
Un sondeo en tres áreas de bilingüismo Rural en Mejico
Authors: Hasler Juan A.
Published: April 2024

Resumen
Turbulent Airwake Estimation from Helicopter–Ship Wind-Tunnel Data
Authors: Taymourtash Neda , Quaranta Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a stochastic approach for modeling the turbulent airwake suitable for real-time simulation of the helicopter–ship dynamic interface. This approach relies on the measurements of unsteady loads collected during a wind-tunnel test campaign with a scaled helicopter operating over the deck of simple frigate shape 1. Power spectral densities of the measured aerodynamic loads combined with the estimated frequency response functions are used to find, through an optimization algorithm, a model of airwake spectra over the range of frequencies which mainly affects the pilot workload during shipboard operations. Then, a set of autoregressive filters is designed for every particular rotor position and wind-over-deck condition, so that when driven by white noise, the spectrum of the output will reproduce those obtained from the optimization. This approach is applied to three different tested wind directions and three rotor positions by implementing the autoregressive filters into the multibody model of the experimental rotor. Frequency response analysis of the aerodynamic loads demonstrates that the turbulent airwake model obtained from the experimental data can predict the unsteadiness of loads comparable to those measured in the wind tunnel across the bandwidth of interest for pilot activities. The identified airwake models could be applied to a full-scale model to simulate the unsteady loads effectively experienced by the helicopter during a ship landing flight.
Airfoil Design Framework for Optimized Boundary-Layer Integral Parameters
Authors: Collazo Garcia Armando R. , Ansell Phillip J.
Published: April 2024

An airfoil design framework is introduced in which boundary-layer integral parameters serve as the driving design mechanism. The method consists of generating a parameterized pressure distribution capable of producing the desired boundary-layer characteristics for inverse design use. Additionally, by deduction from the Squire–Young theory, the method allows for the determination of the pressure distribution that results in the minimum theoretical drag. To assess this design framework, several airfoils were developed based on the mission requirements of the RQ-4B Global Hawk aircraft. Numerical results obtained using a viscous-inviscid solver of the integral boundary layer and Euler equations showed that the optimized airfoils achieved profile drag reductions of 9.06 and 6.00%, respectively, for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] design points. A validation experimental campaign was also performed using the optimized CA5427-72 airfoil. The acquired data produced the expected pressure distribution characteristics and aerodynamic performance improvements, typifying the efficacy of the design framework.