bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Location location location: A carbon footprint calculator for transparent travel to COP27
Authors: Barnsley Jonathan , Williams Jhénelle A , Chin-Yee Simon , Costello Anthony , Maslin Mark , McGlade Jacqueline , Taylor Richard , Winning Matthew , parikh priti
Published: July 2023

Addressing the large carbon footprint of conferences such as the UN Climate Change Convention Conference of the Parties (COP) will be important for maintaining public confidence in climate policy. Transparency is also a vital aspect of creating equitable outcomes in climate policies, as often those most likely to be affected or who can create change on the ground are often unable to attend in person because of the high financial costs as well as having a large carbon footprint. The selection of host locations for the regular meetings of the UN Climate Change Convention is based on a rotation in amongst the five UN regions, which for 2022 is Africa. Here, we present a carbon footprint calculator for travel to COP 27 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, weighing the benefits of certain routes and modes of transport. The calculator demonstrates the well-known carbon-efficiency of coach and rail over flights but shows that these benefits are partly mitigated in the case of COP 27 due to insufficient transport links from Europe to the conference location. However, we also highlight some of the benefits of hosting a COP in the global South, particularly in the context of climate justice. Users of the calculator are invited to consider all their options for travel and acknowledge the issue of climate justice through careful selection of carbon offsets.
Neuromechanical Strategies for Obstacle Negotiation during Overground Locomotion following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Cats
Authors: Lecomte Charly G. , Mari Stephen , Audet Johannie , Yassine Sirine , Merlet Angèle N. , Morency Caroline , Harnie Jonathan , Beaulieu Claudie , Gendron Louis , Frigon Alain
Published: July 2023

Following incomplete spinal cord injury in animals, including humans, substantial locomotor recovery can occur. However, functional aspects of locomotion, such as negotiating obstacles, remains challenging. We collected kinematic and electromyography data in 10 adult cats (5 males, 5 females) before and at weeks 1-2 and 7-8 after a lateral mid-thoracic hemisection on the right side of the cord while they negotiated obstacles of three different heights. Intact cats always cleared obstacles without contact. At weeks 1-2 after hemisection, the ipsilesional right hindlimb contacted obstacles in ∼50% of trials, triggering a stumbling corrective reaction or absent responses, which we termed Other. When complete clearance occurred, we observed exaggerated ipsilesional hindlimb flexion when crossing the obstacle with contralesional Left limbs leading. At weeks 7-8 after hemisection, the proportion of complete clearance increased, Other responses decreased, and stumbling corrective reactions remained relatively unchanged. We found redistribution of weight support after hemisection, with reduced diagonal supports and increased homolateral supports, particularly on the left contralesional side. The main neural strategy for complete clearance in intact cats consisted of increased knee flexor activation. After hemisection, ipsilesional knee flexor activation remained, but it was insufficient or more variable as the limb approached the obstacle. Intact cats also increased their speed when stepping over an obstacle, an increase that disappeared after hemisection. The increase in complete clearance over time after hemisection paralleled the recovery of muscle activation patterns or new strategies. Our results suggest partial recovery of anticipatory control through neuroplastic changes in the locomotor control system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMost spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are incomplete and people can recover some walking functions. However, the main challenge for people with SCIs that do recover a high level of function is to produce a gait that can adjust to everyday occurrences, such as turning, stepping over an obstacle, etc. Here, we use the cat model to answer two basic questions: How does an animal negotiate an obstacle after an incomplete SCI and why does it fail to safely clear it? We show that the inability to clear an obstacle is because of improper activation of muscles that flex the knee. Animals recover a certain amount of function thanks to new strategies and changes within the nervous system.
Mortal Doubt
Authors: Fontes Anthony W.
Published: July 2023

Twenty years since the end of Central America’s longest and bloodiest civil war, Guatemala City is dominated by both the fact and fear of out-of-control crime. In powerful, haunting prose, Mortal Doubt takes readers inside the making of this new order of violence through the evolution of its most infamous emissary: the maras, or transnational gangs. While maras are widely blamed for the rise of peacetime crime, Anthony W. Fontes argues that they have, in fact, become key figures through which both Guatemalan and global society prop up a sense of order in the face of overwhelming uncertainties about the cause and meaning of so much violence. Through histories of war and peace out of which the maras emerge, into the porous prisons and illicit businesses in which they operate, and out through the brutal spectacles that draw gangs into the global imagination, Mortal Doubt traces how maras’ flesh-and-blood violence has become indissoluble from their symbolic power in social imaginaries, giving cover to a host of actors feeding and feeding off peacetime insecurity. To convey the consequences of the struggle to make sense of senseless suffering, Fontes weaves fantasy and reality together in ways that cannot always be pulled apart, and the doubled image of the gangster who walks the city streets and the gangster infesting strung-out imaginations blend and merge. This figure, in turn, provides a lens through which to witness the making and mooring of collective terror in Guatemala City and beyond. Mortal Doubt is composed of two distinct and complementary chapter forms. Even-numbered chapters are “traditional” scholarly essays, while odd-numbered chapters are ethnographic short stories that provide connective tissue and a narrative arc for the book.
S-box Construction on AES Algorithm using Affine Matrix Modification to Improve Image Encryption Security
Authors: Alamsyah Alamsyah , Prasetiyo Budi , Muhammad Yusuf
Published: July 2023

Abstract.Purpose: In this study, the AES algorithm was improved by constructing the S-box using a modified affine matrix and implementing it so that there was an increase in security in image encryption.Methods: The method used in this study starts from selecting the best irreducible polynomial based on previous studies. The irreducible polynomial chosen is . With this irreducible polynomial, an inverse multiplicative matrix is formed. The formed inverse mutiplicative matrix is implemented in the affine transformation process using the best 3 affine matrices based on previous research and 8-bit additional constants using AES S-box. This formulation produces 3 different S-boxes, i.e., S-box1, S-box2, and S-box3. Finally, the resulting S-boxes are implemented to carry out the image encryption process and are tested for their security level.Result: The test results show an increase in image encryption security compared to previous studies. The increase in security occurred at the entropy value of 7.9994 and the NPCR value of 99.6288%.Novelty: The novelty of this paper is the improvement of the S-box construction which is implemented in image encryption resulting in increased security in image encryption.
AKD and ASA model surfaces: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Lindfors Juha , Salmi Jani , Laine Janne , Stenius Per
Published: July 2023

Model surfaces of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhyd-ride (ASA) were prepared by casting and spin-coating methods. The surface chemical composition and surface topography were investigated by XPS, ellipsometry, AFM and contact angle studies. Spin-coating resulted in layered structure of AKD and ASA surfaces; the molecular layer thickness of both AKD and ASA was found to be ca. 2.5 nm. To achieve a covering surface layer, an average thickness of ca. 35 nm was required. The rms roughness of the created surfaces was 1 - 6 nm. Colloidal probe adhesion measurements were performed to verify that the roughness was in a range suitable for these measurements. The high reactivity of ASA with water generated stability problems with the ASA layers and it has to be recognized that surface force measurements with ASA in aqueous environment are very difficult, if not impossible. How-ever, surfaces created in this way were found to be useful in providing explanations of earlier ASA adhesion studies. The contact angle measurements on ASA layers also indicated that it might be possible to asses the hydrolysis rate issues through a set of similar measurements.
Sonochemically modified wheat straw for pulp and papermaking to increase its economical performance and reduce environmental issues
Authors: Csóka Levente , Lorincz Attila , Winkler Andras
Published: July 2023

Wheat straw (an agricultural by-product) was pulped by an alkaline anthraquinone (AQ) process. Then the straw pulp was treated by high-power ultrasound under different noble-gas (argon, krypton, xenon) combinations. The pulps’ degree of beating and acid-insoluble lignin content were measured. Handsheets were made from sonicated and control pulps and tested for paper tensile strength. In this study we explore which noble-gas combination with ultrasound may be more useable to reduce the lignin content and enhance fibrillation. We also describe the most effective ultrasound-assisted, modified alkaline pulping process. Overall, we found that in two steps ultrasonification decreased the residual lignin contents more then 75 %, the pulp fibrillation increased from 12 to 70 °SR within 20 min. of ultrasound irradiation, and the tensile index of the handsheets increased by 65%. For sustainable paper production, it is required to develop alternative paper resources. Paper made from alternate fiber resources with efficient technology will improve our living standards without sacrificing the environment, our habitat. High frequency ultrasound-based pulp processing offers significant improvements, and it reduces energy and chemical consumptions for pulp and paper production.
A Study on the Impact of the Export-Import Bank of Korea's Official Export Finance Support on Exports
Authors:   The Korea International Trade Research Institute, Lee Eun-Jae , Lee Seo-Young , Lee Yun-Kwan
Published: July 2023

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of official export finance supported by the Export-Import Bank of Korea on Korea's exports. In particular, in order to differentiate from previous studies, the detailed size, as well as the long-term and short-term effects of export financing support on exports, were analyzed. Design/Methodology/Approach – In this analysis, an Export Demand Function Model was introduced. Prior to the empirical analysis, a unit root test and cointegration test were conducted. As a result of the pretest, it was found that the variables included in the analysis were I (1), and the cointegration vector did not exist. Based on these results, a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model was established. Findings – As a result of estimating the impulse response function, it was found that when an official export finance shock was applied, exports gradually increased from the time of the shock to the third period, and then the increase slowed and converged to zero. As a result of the variance decomposition analysis, the export financing support amount began to show explanatory power in export fluctuations from the second period, and showed about 2.5% explanatory power from the third to the tenth period. Research Implications – It was confirmed that export finance provided to exporting companies plays an important role in helping to promote exports. Therefore, the government and financial institutions should support exporting companies by providing active export financing support, along with export promotion policies.
DNA Extraction for Formalin Specimen v1
Authors: not provided heeseung
Published: July 2023

DNA Extraction for Formalin Specimen (Qiagen Kit: QIAamp DNA FFPE Advanced Kit)
FAVIS: Fast and Versatile protocol for metabarcoding of bulk Insect Samples from large-scale diversity monitoring projects v2
Authors: Iwaszkiewicz-Eggebrecht Elżbieta
Published: July 2023

Here we describe a non-destructive metabarcoding protocol that is optimized for high-throughput processing of Malaise trap samples and other bulk insect samples. The protocol details the process from obtaining bulk samples up to submitting them for sequencing. It is divided into four sections: 1) Laboratory workspace preparation; 2) Sample processing - decanting ethanol, measuring the wet-weight biomass and the concentration of the preservative ethanol, performing non-destructive lysis and preserving the insect material for future work; 3) DNA extraction and purification; and 4) Library preparation and sequencing. The protocol is cost-effective and relies on readily available reagents and materials. For the steps that require expensive infrastructure – such as the DNA purification robots or sequencing center services – we suggest alternative low-cost solutions when possible. The use of this protocol yields a comprehensive description of the number of species present in a given sample, their relative read abundances and the overall insect biomass. To date, we have successfully applied the protocol to more than 7000 Malaise trap samples obtained from Sweden and Madagascar. The protocol allows one lab technician to process 180 samples (2x96-well plates when we include all negative and positive controls), from bulk insect catches to ready-to-sequence libraries, in 7 working days. In other words, samples collected over 1 week from 565 Malaise traps can be processed in one month, allowing the timely delivery of the results. Thelast stepin this version contains a supplemental video with extra context and tips, as part of the protocols.io Spotlight series, featuring conversations with protocol authors.
Anthropocentrism as a methodological principle in science translation research
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Olena MYKHAILENKO Olena
Published: July 2023

Anthropocentrism is becoming one of the basic methodological principles in Translation Studies. There appeared theories where a translator is assigned a part of an interpreter of the source text semantic code rather than a verbal code converter. This principle is not only a feature of modern science, it also defines subject fields of particular sciences, and science translation is not an exception. Anthropologically, science reflects human intellectual activity being the basis of translation of scientific texts. The anthropocentrism of science translation is stipulated by the fact that this type of translation activity requires from the translator’s personality special intellectual efforts, keeping in mind the specific type of knowledge a science source text contains. This article investigates anthropocentrism as one of the leading methodological principles of modern Translation Studies, in particular its manifestation in science translation. A special research interest is taken in the role of the translator as a broadcaster of scientific knowledge. We have also considered a correlation of the subjective and objective in the translation of science texts, analyzing stereotypic vs creative translation choices. We took a close anthropocentric look at translator’s solutions in rendering texts from various branches of knowledge. In our study, we have analyzed the causes of translator’s mistakes influenced by the human factor, and provided alternative translation solutions, with the purpose of preventing such translation failures in conveying scientific information and improving the general quality of science translations. The main reasons of translation failures have been proved as incorrect folding of the source text, in other words inadequate concept interpretation. Mistakes are also caused by the translator’s inability to unfold the science text in the translated language, which hampers the conveying of coherence as a main typological parameter of a science text. Our research also aims to highlight the importance of further investigation of anthropological and other approaches to the translation of science texts, to trace their role in forming the theoretical basics of science translation. We also find it important to verify the hypothesis of creating a theory of science translation as a type of special translation, in view of insufficient research in the methods and principles of translatological study of science translation.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF AN EFFECTIVE MODEL OF BUREAUCRACY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Radzikhovskyi Yevhenii
Published: July 2023

The relevance of this article lies in the need to conduct a study of the institution of bureaucracy, as well as to find and establish an effective model of bureaucracy, which in turn will contribute to the democratization of Ukraine and the solution of the problems that exist in the bureaucracy system at the moment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the bureaucracy, determine its purpose and expediency, and in connection with that, develop an effective and efficient model of the bureaucracy. The following methods were used in this article: dialectical method, historical and hermeneutic methods, formal-legal method, institutional method, logical method, method of induction and deduction, method of modeling and system analysis, axiomatic method and others. The results of the study are the definition of the main concepts and terms, namely: "bureaucracy" and other terms and concepts that were used within the scope of this study; clarification of the essence and purpose of the institution of bureaucracy; establishing the stages and history of the development of the institution of bureaucracy in the world in general, and in Ukraine in particular; analysis of existing models of bureaucracy in the world and clarification of their features; researching the system of bureaucracy in Ukraine and establishing the model of bureaucracy that is used in Ukraine; identification of problems characteristic of the institution of bureaucracy in Ukraine and research and establishment of means and processes that are necessary for improving the mechanisms of state administration in Ukraine. The provisions laid down in this article are of practical value, first of all, for state bodies and authorized persons, whose powers include the provision of services in various spheres of life, and whose functions include the improvement of the civil service institute. Also, this study will be interesting for people who apply to state bodies or officials with the issue of solving problems in various spheres of social life.
Re-Estimating a Source Model for the 1923 Kanto Earthquake by Joint Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms and Coseismic Deformation Data
Authors: Nakadai Yumi , Tanioka Yuichiro , Yamanaka Yusuke , Nakagaki Tatsuya
Published: July 2023

The 1923 Kanto earthquake generated not only strong motions that caused a devastating disaster around the metropolitan Tokyo area but also a large tsunami. Although the slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake has been estimated by several researchers, tsunami waveforms observed at tide gauges near the source have never been used. In this study, the slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake was estimated using joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and vertical crustal deformations reported in historical documents. The estimated slip distribution was generally consistent with those estimated in the previous studies except for a large slip of 9 m along the western portion of the plate interface, up-dip near the Sagami trough. The east coast of the Izu Peninsula was inundated by the tsunami and surveyed after the tsunami to determine tsunami heights in the inundation areas. The tsunami inundation computed from the estimated slip distribution explained the tsunami heights, and the large slip played an important role in large inundation. These results indicate that the large slip west of the Sagami trough is essential for explaining the observed tsunami caused by the 1923 Kanto earthquake.
The Meaning of Procedural Objections of the Defendant in View of Some Legal Positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Voronezh State University, LL.D., Shemeneva Olga N.
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the idea expressed in the Concept of a Uniform Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, as well as in some of Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation acts, on the establishment of deadlines for the application of objections regarding the competence of the court considering the case. The author supports this idea and makes additional arguments. At the same time, it is justified that the role of the defendant’s objections in its implementation is significantly exaggerated. The court itself is obliged to apply the consequences of initiating a case in violation of competence on its own initiative. But now this duty is limited in time. And the role of the defendant’s procedural objections remains the same as before — reminding the court of his duty.
Islam
Authors: Ruthven Malise
Published: July 2023

Islam to zarys podstawowych wiadomości na temat jednej z trzech największych religii świata. Skąd się biorą wewnętrzne podziały w islamie? Jakie zachodzą relacje między demokracją i światem Zachodu a islamem? Na czym polega idea świętej wojny z wrogami islamu? Czy kobieta może znaleźć spełnienie w świecie islamskim? Publikacja stanowi czytelne wyjaśnienie natury i przyczyn dramatycznych zdarzeń, z którymi mierzy się człowiek XXI wieku. W dobie globalizacji i ruchów migracyjnych to lektura niezbędna, by zrozumieć współczesny świat.
Materiał dowodowy. Szkice drugie
Authors: Zimand Roman
Published: July 2023

Reedycja tomu zawierającego szkice Romana Zimanda wydane w wyborze i z przedmową Doroty Siwickiej nakładem Instytutu Literackiego w Paryżu w 1992 roku. Czytelnik znajdzie tu autobiograficzny zapis prywatnej historii myślenia Zimanda i zarazem dokument do dziejów kształtowania się świadomości inteligencji polskiej w PRL, intelektualnego formowania się antytotalitarnej opozycji. W posłowiu Jan Olaszek przedstawia zarys historii współpracy Zimanda z Instytutem Literackim w Paryżu, okoliczności powstania tego zbioru, a także naświetla problem stosunku Zimanda do jego komunistycznej przeszłości.
Autyzm
Authors: Frith Uta
Published: July 2023

Co powoduje autyzm? Czy jest to zaburzenie genetyczne, a może nieznane zagrożenie środowiskowe? Jakie są jego główne objawy i jaki ma to związek z zespołem Aspergera? Autorka w przystępny sposób relacjonuje, co obecnie wiadomo na temat autyzmu i zespołu Aspergera. Odnosząc się do różnych schorzeń, które kryją się za tymi etykietami, oraz przyglądając się objawom zaburzeń autystycznych, bada przyczyny wzrostu zachorowań na autyzm. Przedstawia jego powiązania z neuronauką, psychologią, rozwojem mózgu, genetyką i przyczynami środowiskowymi. Nie pomija także kwestii psychologicznych związanych z upośledzeniem społecznym i sawantyzmem. Próbuje przybliżyć czytelnikom, jak działa umysł osoby z autyzmem.
The Great Labor Discontent, A Review of The Trends to Consider
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Amsler Anna
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes some of the current topics in the world of work, especially the Great Labor Discontent and the Great Resignation. The general objective is to present the conditions surrounding the Great Resignation that allow a better understanding of the changes that are taking place in the workplace. The general background and the main characteristics of the great discontent are presented, and the positive effects that these changes are generating are analyzed, as well as emerging movements such as the return of boomerang employees. The study is based on a literature review and stems from the analysis of news, research, and publications of consulting companies, as well as the most relevant publications that have been developed on the subject to date.
JEL Codes: J50, J24, J64, J81
Received: 06/01/2023.  Accepted: 06/06/2023.  Published: 19/07/2023.
Postauricular Pilonidal Sinus: A Rare Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: ÖZTÜRK YILMAZ Gamze , YILMAZ Gökhan
Published: July 2023

A 28-year-old male patient applied to our clinic for the complaint of an enlarged mass with occasional discharge behind the left ear. Physical examination revealed a total of three fistula ostiums, the largest of which was large base, mobile, soft consistency, painless, and approximately 2x1 cm in size in the left postauricular region. Histopathological examination of the total excision mass was reported as pilonidal sinus. In this article, a rare case of pilonidal sinus in the postauricular region is presented in the light of clinical findings, diagnosis, surgical treatment and current literature.
Acute disseminated meningoencephalitis associated with chronic streptococcal infection
Authors:   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko E.Yu. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Egorova E.S. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko N.V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vilnitz A.A. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Marchenko N.V. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Pulman N.F. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Petrov I.B. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Koslova T.A. ,   Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

The XXI century is a century of viral infections, but bacterial infections are still important in the development of infectious pathology. The clinical case reflects the features of neuroinfections in children with chronic Herpes virus and streptococcal infections. The disease progression is described in a child with an unfavorable premorbid background and the causes are discussed. The role of streptococcal infections is presented: chronic course and development of poststreptococcal disorders are typical. It is possible a reactivation of varicella zoster virus in children who had chickenpox, which can contribute the progression of nervous system disorder. Therapy includes antiviral and antibacterial medicines and Cytoflavin – a medicament with a complex mechanism of pathogenetic action, which achieves a successful outcome with the recovery of patient with acute disseminated meningoencephalitis. Key words: meningoencephalitis, streptococcus, Herpes viruses, children, Cytoflavin
The first experience of using a ready-to-use liquid form of a hypercaloric semi-elemental product for enteral nutrition in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors:   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Russian Federation, Odinaeva N.D. , Kondratyeva E.I. ,   Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Russian Federation, Maksimycheva T.Yu. ,   Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

In recent years, great progress has been associated with the use of targeted therapy (since 2012 in world practice, since 2021 in the Russian Federation) in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. The use of pathogenetic therapy improves the nutritional status and functional state of the lungs. However, the problem of nutritional insufficiency in a number of patients with cystic fibrosis still persists. Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of anthropometric indicators and body composition using bioimpedance analysis in children with cystic fibrosis against the background of dietary correction using a semi-elemental hypercaloric product. Material and methods. The analysis of the results of the examination of patients meeting the inclusion criteria was carried out retrospectively according to the primary medical documentation. The program included only the primary medical documentation of patients, containing all the data necessary for the assessment of primary and secondary points. Design: single-center, retrospective in one group. Results. The results of observation of 20 patients with a BMI of less than 50 percentile showed that the use of Peptamen Junior 1.5 formula for 90 ± 7 days increased BMI by an average of 0.6 kg/m2 and the proportion of skeletal muscle mass in lean body weight (SMM, %) by 1.3%. Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of the use of a semi-elemental liquid enteral nutrition product Peptamen Junior 1.5 for the correction of nutritional deficiency in children with cystic fibrosis aged 5 to 10 years indicates its clinical effectiveness for this category of patients. Key words: cystic fibrosis, children, semi-elemental formula, enteral nutrition, intestinal syndrome, Peptamen Junior 1.5, malabsorption
Feasibility and Safety of Field-Based Physical Fitness Test: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cruz-León Carolina , Expósito-Carrilloa Pablo , Sánchez-Parente Sandra , Jiménez-Iglesias José , Cosic Milkana Borges , GARCÍA MAGDALENA CUENCA , Piñero Jose Castro
Published: July 2023

We examined the feasibility and safety of existing field-based physical fitness tests used in people of all ages. The search was conducted through the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) for published studies from inception to 31 January 2023. This systematic review was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were classified as very low quality, low quality or high quality, based on the criteria of appropriate number of participants, appropriate description of the study population, and appropriate number of items reported to assess feasibility/safety. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited or inconclusive evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. Were identified a total of 19 (14 of high quality) and 13 (11 high quality) original studies examining the feasibility and the safety of field-based physical fitness tests, respectively. Strong evidence indicated that a) the 2-km walk and 20-m shuttle run tests were feasible to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, children and adolescents, respectively; b) the handgrip strength test was feasible to assess isometric muscular strength in children and adolescents; and c) the standing long jump test was feasible to assess lower body explosive strength in children and adolescents. Only the 2-km walk test have shown strong evidence on safety in adults. A consensus is necessary to establish homogeneous methodological criteria to assess the feasibility and safety of field-based fitness tests. PROSPERO reference number, CRD42022298276
Process of emplacement of the andesitic blocky lava flows as derived from the seismic signals: Volcán de Colima
Authors: Zobin Vyacheslav M. , Arámbula Raúl , Navarro Carlos
Published: July 2023

Andesitic blocky lava flows are characterized by the surfaces that consist of large angular blocks of lava. They move slowly downhill the slope of volcano. These flows often travel only a few kilometres from the vent. In this paper, we first describe the possibility to apply the seismic signals, recorded during the blocky lava flows discharge, for reconstruction of the lava flow emplacement during the 2004 and 2016 eruptions at Volcán de Colima, México. There were shown the characteristic properties of lavafalls in comparison with the pyroclastic flows and igneous rockfalls (PFIRs), generated during Vulcanian explosions. It was shown that the waveforms of lavafalls are similar generally to the waveforms of PFIRs but are characterized by higher frequencies. The dominance of the short-duration seismic signals of lavafalls, comparative with the signals of PFIRs, indicates relatively smaller dimensions of lavafalls. We introduced the power spectral density curves of one-hour seismic signals as a tool to reconstruct the emplacement dynamics. It was shown that the lava outflowed from the crater in two ways, as lava pulses or as lava large-volume collapses.
Effects on Self-esteem with Treatment of Tea Therapy Program in Teenagers
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kang Geum-yi , Baek Hyun-ok , Ahn Young-im
Published: July 2023

Adolescence is the time when teenagers feel an increase of their developmental adaption and experience different kinds of stress with pressure on competition and success. Teenager's low self-esteem influences on stress related teenagers' overall mental state, so, they can easily lead to negative problem behaviors. Therefore for the proper growth of adolescence, increasing self-esteem may be most important. In this research, it is to verify influences that tea-therapy program affects on teenagers' self-esteem. To accomplish the goal of research, I checked in self-esteem, tea therapy and relationship with tea therapy program, self-esteem. The subjects of this research were selected and carried out with voluntary 15 experimental group and 15 control group who were G middle school teenagers in Jeollanam-do. The program took effect to experimental group. Before and after the implementation of program, inspection means such as self-esteem test examination was taken to all subjects. In addition, to verify the effects SPSS WIN 12.0 program was used to analyze data. These are the results of research, teenagers in experimental group who implemented tea therapy had a statistically significant difference in self-esteem between compared with control group teenagers. It means that tea therapy program had positive effects on experimental group which proved tea therapy program influenced positive effect on increase in teenager's self-esteem. The efficacy of tea and tea therapy program of various activities as a mediator in the treatment of teenagers with no side effects, it can be suggested a effective activity to help correct the growth of teenagers.
A Study on the Method of Season Tea Blending - Centering on Christmas Tea -
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Park Hee-seon , Ko Min-seok
Published: July 2023

Blending tea, produced by mixing a lot of materials, is popular to the East as well as the West. The global tea brand companies produce new teas, keeping pace hard with the trend. The variety of the tea gives chances and satisfaction to manufacturers producing teas and customers enjoying them. One of the method used for this is blending. As the global tea company makes blending tea brands by naming it, so respective persons can make their own blend teas, appropriate to their tastes and traits. It is effective in drinking the tea. Spices and herbs are used for blending materials. New tastes and scents are generated by many blending materials. It is because spices and herbs used for the tea create freshing taste and bracing savor, relieving bitter and increasing sweet. A kind of the tea created by the method is Season Tea. The representative, Christmas Tea, is studied in this paper. This paper aims at helping understand tea blending and at studying Christmas Tea so that we can get a synergy effect stemming from the tea. In summary, blending tea effects us physically, mentally, helps understand culture through Christmas Tea, one of the kinds of tea, with season tea character, and promotes economic feasibility, an industrial aspect.
Mediating effect of Middle-aged family tea life between Family dinner and Family health
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Bae-Young
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of middle-aged family tea life on the relationship between family dinner and family health. For this purpose, a survey was conducted from April 20, 2018 to April 30, 2018. Data of 339 married men and women aged 40-64 years were used for analysis. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the family dinner activities of middle-aged married men and women were average 3.83 points out of 5 points. Family tea life activities showed an average of 3.46 points out of 5 points. Second, the family health of the subjects showed an average of 3.98 points out of 5 points. It was found that finding the related variables that can enhance the family health of middle-aged people is a temporal issue. Third, family health was statistically correlated with family dinner and family tea life. Fourth, as a result of the three-step regression analysis, the partial mediating effect of family tea life between family dinner and family health was verified. In conclusion, middle-aged family tea life is a factor influencing family health with family dinner, and it is a meaningful mediating variable between family dinner activity and family health promotion. In the future, it will be necessary to activate the tea life of the middle-aged family so that the health of the family can be improved complementarily with the family dinner.
Targets Involved in Skin Aging and Photoaging and their Possible Inhibitors:
A Mini-review
Authors: de Moura Jéssica Paiva , de Moura Fernandes Érika Paiva , Lustoza Rodrigues Teresa Carolliny Moreira , Messias Monteiro Alex France , de Sousa Natália Ferreira , dos Santos Aline Matilde Ferreira , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana
Published: July 2023

Background:

Skin aging is a natural process resulting from intrinsic (hormonal and genetic) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. Photoaging occurs due to prolonged exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, accounting for 80% of facial aging.

Introduction:

Characteristics of aging skin include reduced elasticity, the appearance of fine wrinkles, uneven tone, and dryness. Clinical signs of photoaging involve the presence of deeper wrinkles, rough texture, dyschromia and a greater loss of elasticity compared to chronological aging.

Methods:

This work reported several scientific articles that used computational techniques, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) to identify natural products and their derivatives against skin aging and photoaging.

Results:

The in silico analyses carried out by the researchers predicted the binding affinity and interactions of the natural products with the targets matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tyrosinase. Furthermore, some studies have reported the stability of the protein-ligand complex and the physicochemical properties of the studied compounds. Finally, this research proposes promising molecules against the targets.

Conclusion:

Thus, studies like this one are relevant to guide new research related to skin aging and photoaging.
Antifertile and Estrogenic Effects of Sida acuta Root on Experimental
Animal Models
Authors: Pradhan Dusmanta Kumar , Karna Sujata , Mishra Manas Ranjan , Singh Sunil , Mishra Koushlesh Kumar , Tiwari Varsha , Tiwari Abhishek , Kumar Manish , Sharma Ajay
Published: July 2023

Background:

Herbal medications have been used for centuries in traditional Indian medicine
to reduce fertility in several regions. Among them, Sida acuta (S. acuta) is a traditional herb having
antifertility effects with other broad medicinal properties. In this work, it was studied for its effect
on fertility in female rats.

Objective:

The purpose of this research was to conduct effectiveness and safety investigations on S.
acuta root, an antifertility plant widely used in Asian countries.

Methods:

Fertile albino Wistar female rats (200-250 gm) were used for antifertility investigations. The
animals were separated into four groups, each with six members, and treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg
of the methanolic extract in combination with Ethinyl Estradiol (0.3 mg/kg body weight) as per schedule.
They all took place for seven days. On the 8th day, every positive rat was decapitated under ether
anesthesia, and the uterus and surrounding tissues were taken from it for fast weight measurement.

Results:

The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids as
secondary metabolites. RP-HPLC analysis was used to determine the concentration of colchicine in S.
acuta roots extract, and it was found to have a retention period of 7.35 minutes. The female Wistar
rats treated with S. acuta root study showed that the litter weight of the experimental group with MESA
(200) was 42.13 ± 0.77 and MESA (400) was 18.53 ± 0.94 lower than the control group 61.5 ±
0.29 which reveals that there was a decrease in litter weight, indicating the potential antifertility activity
of the experimental group. It was shown that the extract was more effective in reducing the number
of litters born (50 percent) and causing considerable anti-implantation activity (3.29) than the control
in postcoital testing. The uterotrophic response was less pronounced than that elicited by ethinylestradiol
alone when the extract was administered simultaneously (p<0.01). The estrogenic activity of the
extract was, therefore, low at the contraceptive dosage level when taken alone. Both ethinylestradiol
and these compounds, on the other hand, showed considerable antiestrogenic properties.

Conclusion:

The methanolic extract of S. acuta root showed significant antifertility effects and was
found to be safe when used at the effective dosages found in this research.
Teaching Languages to Students with Specific Learning Differences
Authors: Kormos Judit , Smith Anne Margaret
Published: July 2023

This book is intended to help language teachers to work effectively and successfully with students who have Specific Learning Differences (SpLDs). It enables teachers to gain a thorough understanding of the nature of SpLDs and how these affect both general learning processes and the mechanisms of second language acquisition.
Direction of Education of Korean language in multicultural society
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Jin Sun Hee
Published: July 2023

Entering the multicultural society rapidly, Korea is under going the socio-cultural change. This dissertation in vestigates the property of multicultural society in Korea and the role of language education. Based on them, it investigates the change in the curriculum of Korean language mainly in the curriculum amended in 2007.
In the age of multicultural society, the education of Korean language stressed that the ethnocentrism should be surpassed for the goal. In the contents, it confirmed that the contents of education in Korean language should be newly designed in accordance with the age of the bilingual education or multilingual education. In the aspect of method and evaluation, it emphasized that the teaching-learning at each level or enhancement of the program operation of diverse Korean language educations, the comprehensive arrangement of pedagogy of Korean language, the alteration in the composition of textbook and system, the change in the educational program of teacher and the implementation of authorized Korean language rating.
Implications of the Idea of Play for Moral Education
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim DongHyun
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to explicate the point that play can be seen as the criterion of activity and its implication for moral education, by illuminating the educational meaning of play in deep dimension.
Dewey and Oakeshott show entirely different viewpoints of life with regard to the concepts of play. In Dewey’s view, life is the consecutive problem-solving process and play can be an useful means for the problem-solving. On the other hand, For Oakeshott, the meaning of life is constituted by understanding the world and play is distinguished from the other activities in that it is an unique activity that leads us to the transcendental dimension.
Piaget observed that children could develop intellectually and morally in process of play. He thought play as an useful method of moral education. While Piaget thought play as a means to facilitate moral development, Schiller thought it as the ideal state of morality. Schiller assumes play as a method through which man, a limited being, can reach the divine state and he suggests the concept of ‘play drive’ and ‘semblance’ as a motive force of play. Man's play drive, instigated by semblance, excites him to pursue the original form of the semblance, that is, the passion to know the reality. Here semblance means visible expression of reality and school subjects can be examples of semblance because a school subject is to be the selected and systemized contents for the purpose of the self-cultivation. We can not have the knowledge of the world and the natural-born mind without the efforts to teach and learn school subjects.
Partitioning model study of the traction coefficient in a droplet model in a wellbore
Authors: jiang jianxun , Chen Ziying , du jingguo , Li kaijun , Liu YInhua , li long
Published: July 2023

At present, the main way to deal with the gas well effusion is to use
the over-effusion prediction model to calculate the critical fluid
carrying velocity and other factors, which provides data support and
theoretical basis for the drainage process, so as to achieve the effect
of bringing the effusion out of the wellbore. When the prediction
results of the hydrops prediction model are biased, hydrops will be
generated at the bottom of the wellbore, resulting in a decrease in gas
well productivity. Aiming at the problem that the drag coefficient of
the wellbore droplet movement model changes greatly in the process of
natural gas production, which leads to the error of the wellbore
effusion prediction, the commonly used droplet models and the common
drag coefficient models are analyzed and evaluated. Considering that the
fitting method of the commonly used drag model has different
applicability for each Reynolds number region, the literature review,
calculation and verification methods are used. The area with the highest
fitting accuracy of each method is divided and sorted, and the model is
selected. Compared with the model obtained by the partition and the
existing drag model and the experimental value, it is found that the
model can effectively reduce the average error rate between the
calculated results and the experimental value, and can be better applied
to the turbulent area and the highly turbulent area, and is more
consistent with the actual working condition.