bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zooglider-Based Measurements of Planktonic Foraminifera in the California Current System
Authors: Gaskell Daniel E. , Ohman Mark D. , Hull Pincelli M.
Published: October 2019

Spines and rhizopodia play an important role in the feeding behavior, symbiont ecology, shell geochemistry, and density and drag of planktonic foraminifera. However, there are few empirical data on planktonic foraminifera in situ, and these delicate structures are disturbed on capture. Here, we report spine and rhizopod measurements from underwater images obtained in the California Current System near La Jolla, California by Zooglider, a new autonomous zooplankton-sensing glider. Across all observed species, we find that spine length and flexibility correlate with test size and that spines increase the effective prey encounter volume of spinose foraminifera by two to three orders of magnitude. Our data also yielded several novel observations regarding hastigerinid foraminifera (Hastigerinella digitata and Hastigerina pelagica), a group of unusually large planktonic foraminifera that are abundant in our dataset below 250 m. First, the effective encounter volume of hastigerinid foraminifera can be very large: our largest specimen occupies almost 40 cm3 (about the size of a golf ball), while the median specimen occupies 5.3 cm3 (about the size of a cherry). Second, the majority of hastigerinid foraminifera in our dataset have asymmetric bubble capsules, which are most frequently oriented with their bubbles on the upward side of the test, consistent with the hypothesis that the bubble capsule is positively buoyant. Third, 16% of hastigerinid foraminifera in our dataset have dispersed bubble capsules with detached bubbles distributed along the spines and rhizopodia, consistent with a regular source of natural disturbance. Taken together, our observations suggest that hastigerinid foraminifera play a larger role as mesopelagic predators in the California Current System than previously recognized.
Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children less than 5 years in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Kateete David , Asiimwe Benon B , Mayanja Raymond , Mujuni Brian , Bwanga Freddie , Najjuka Christine F , Källander Karin , Rutebemberwa Elizeus
Published: October 2019

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus carriage is a known risk factor for staphylococcal disease. However, the carriage rates vary by country, demographic group and profession. This study aimed to determine the S. aureus carriage rate in children in Eastern Uganda, and identify S. aureus lineages that cause infection in Uganda.

Methods:
Nasopharyngeal samples from 742 healthy children less than 5 years residing in the Iganga/Mayuge Health & Demographic Surveillance Site in Eastern Uganda were processed for isolation of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by the BD PhoenixTM system. Genotyping was performed by spa typing.

Results:
The processed samples yielded 144 S. aureus isolates (one per child) therefore, the S. aureus carriage rate in children was 19.4% (144/742). Thirty one percent (45/144) of the isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) yielding a carriage rate of 6.1% (45/742). All isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid. Moreover, all MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and clindamycin. Compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (68.8%, 99/144), MRSA isolates were more resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials –trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 73.3% (33/45) vs. 27.3% (27/99) [P<0.0001]; erythromycin 75.6% (34/45) vs. 24.2% (24/99) [P<0.0001]; chloramphenicol 60% (27/45) vs. 19.2% (19/99) [P<0.0001]; gentamicin 55.6% (25/45) vs. 25.3% (25/99) [P=0.0004]; and ciprofloxacin 35.6% (16/45) vs. 2% (2/99) [P<0.0001]. Furthermore, 42 MRSA (93.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and one exhibited high-level resistance to mupirocin. Overall, 61 MSSA (61.6%) were MDR, including three mupirocin and clindamycin resistant isolates. Seven spa types were detected in MRSA, of which t037 & t064 were predominant and associated with SCCmec types I & IV, respectively. Fourteen spa types were detected in MSSA, of which t645 & t4353 were predominant.

Conclusions:
S. aureus carriage rate in healthy children in Eastern Uganda is high and comparable to rates for hospitalized patients in Kampala. The detection of mupirocin resistance is worrying as it could rapidly increase if mupirocin is administered in a low-income setting. S. aureus strains of spa types t064, t037 (MRSA) and t645, t4353 (MSSA) are prevalent and could be responsible for majority of staphylococcal infections in Uganda.
Effectiveness of an online self-management tool, OPERAS (an On-demand Program to EmpoweR Active Self-management), for people with rheumatoid arthritis: a research protocol
Authors: Tam Johnathan , Lacaille Diane , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Shaw Chris D , Xie Hui , Backman Catherine L , Esdaile John M , Miller Kimberly , Petrella Robert , Li Linda C
Published: October 2019

Background. Active self-management is a process where patients are fully engaged in managing their health in daily life by having access to contextualized health data and tailored guidance to support a healthy lifestyle. The current study aims to determine whether an e-health intervention which incorporates symptom/disease activity monitoring and physical activity counselling can improve self-management ability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. The Empowering active self-management of arthritis: Raising the bar with OPERAS (an On-demand Program to EmpoweR Active Self-management) project is a randomized controlled trial which uses a delayed control design. 134 participants with RA will be randomized to either start the intervention immediately (Immediate Group) or start 6 months later (Delayed Group). The intervention involves: 1) use of a Fitbit-compatible web app to record and monitor their RA disease activity, symptoms and time spent on physical activity and a Fitbit; 2) group education and individual counselling by a physiotherapist (PT), and 3) 6 phone calls with a PT. The primary outcome measure is self-management ability measured by the Patient Activation Measure. Secondary outcome measures include disease status, fatigue, pain, depressive symptoms, and characteristics of habitual behavior. In addition, time spent in physical activity and sedentary activity with a wearable multi-sensor device (SenseWear Mini). Following the 6-month intervention, we will interview a sample of participants to examine their experiences with the intervention. Discussion. The results of this study will help to determine whether this technology-enhanced self-management intervention improves self-management ability and their health outcomes for people living with RA. A limitation of this study is that participants will need to self-report their symptoms, disease status, and treatment use through questionnaires on the OPERAS web app. The user-friendly interface, reminder emails from the research staff, and tailored guidance from PTs will encourage participants to actively engage with the app. Trial Registration. Date of last update in ClinicalTrials.gov: January 2, 2019 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03404245
Simulation-based education improves student self-efficacy in physiotherapy assessment and management of paediatric patients
Authors: Hough Judith , Levan Daniel , Steele Michael , Kelly Kristine , Dalton Megan
Published: October 2019

Physiotherapy students have limited opportunities to develop competency in paediatric physiotherapy due to the lack of paediatric clinical placements. To address this risk, simulation-based education (SBE) has been proposed as an educational strategy to address the placement shortfall. Despite encouraging evidence for its use in physiotherapy education, there is limited evidence supporting its use specifically in paediatric populations. The aims of this research were to investigate the effect of SBE on student self-efficacy in the physiotherapy assessment and management of paediatric clients, and to determine student satisfaction with SBE as a learning strategy. Three interactive SBE sessions were run during the undergraduate paediatric physiotherapy unit at the campus of one Australian university. Self-efficacy was surveyed before and after each session, to determine confidence in clinical skills, clinical decision-making, treatment preparation and planning, communication skills; evaluating and modifying interventions, and interprofessional practice. Student satisfaction with SBE as a learning strategy was surveyed after the final SBE session. For the 164 participants included in this study, self-efficacy survey response rate varied from 77-96% for each session. Significant increases in mean student self-efficacy were recorded for all questions (p<0.001). A total of 139 (85%) responded to the learning reactionnaire with 78.6% indicating they were very satisfied with SBE as a learning strategy. Written comments from 41 participants identified ‘experience’ as the primary theme.
Conclusion: SBE had a significant positive effect on student self-efficacy in the physiotherapy assessment and management of paediatric patients. Students also perceived SBE to be a valuable learning experience. Future research is needed to investigate whether the improvement in self-efficacy achieved through SBE translates into improved student performance during workplace-based clinical placements.
A longitudinal study assessing differences in causes of death among housed and homeless people diagnosed with HIV in San Francisco
Authors: Hessol Nancy Ann , Eng Monica , Vu Annie , Pipkin Sharon , Hsu Ling C. , Scheer Susan
Published: October 2019

Background: San Francisco has implemented several programs addressing the needs of two large vulnerable populations: people living with HIV and those who are homeless. Assessment of these programs on health outcomes is paramount for reducing preventable deaths.
Methods: Individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health HIV surveillance registry, ages 13 years or older, who resided in San Francisco at the time of diagnosis, and who died between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2016 were included in this longitudinal study. The primary independent variable was housing status, dichotomized as ever homeless since diagnosed with HIV, and the dependent variables were disease-specific causes of death, as noted on the death certificate. The Cochran-Armitage test measured changes in the mortality rates over time and unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression models measured prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for causes of death.
Results: A total of 4158 deceased individuals were included in the analyses: the majority were male (87%), ages 40-59 years old at the time of death (64%), non-Hispanic White (60%), men who have sex with men (54%), had an AIDS diagnosis prior to death (87%), and San Francisco residents at the time of death (63%). Compared to those who were housed, those who were homeless were more likely to be younger at time of death, African American, have a history of injecting drugs, female or transgender, and were living below the poverty level (all p values < 0.0001). Among decedents who were SF residents at the time of death, there were declines in the proportion of deaths due to AIDS-defining conditions (p<0.05) and increases in accidents, cardiomyopathy, heart disease, ischemic disease, non-AIDS cancers, and drug overdoses (p<0.05). After adjustment, deaths due to mental disorders (aPR=1.63, 95% CI 1.24, 2.14) were more likely and deaths due to non-AIDS cancers (aPR=0.63, 95% CI 0.44, 0.89) were less likely among those experiencing homelessness.
Conclusions: Additional efforts are needed to improve mental health services to homeless people with HIV and prevent mental-health related mortality.
Levetiracetam induction of theta frequency oscillations in rodent hippocampus in vitro
Authors: Xing Hang , Xu Sihan , Xie Xin'e , Wang Yuan , Lu Cheng Biao , Han Xiong
Published: October 2019

Background Levetiracetam (LEV), an antiepileptic drug, has been recently demonstrated to improve the cognitive function. Hippocampal theta rhythm (4–12 Hz) is associated with a variety of cognitively related behaviors, such as exploration, locomotion and spatial memory in both humans and animal models. We investigated the effects of LEV on the theta rhythm in the rat hippocampal CA3 area. Results We found that LEV increased the power of theta oscillation in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in theta power can be blocked by GABAA receptor or NMDA receptor antagonists but not by AMPA receptor antagonist, indicating the involvement of GABAA receptor and NMDA receptor in the induction of theta activity. Interestingly, LEV enhancement of theta power can be also blocked by taurine or THIP, indicating that LEV induction of theta may be related to the indirect boosting of GABA action via reduction of extrasynaptic GABAA receptor activation. Furthermore, the increased theta power can be partially reduced by mACh receptor antagonist atropine but not by nACh receptor antagonists, suggesting that mACh receptor activation provides excitatory input into local network responsible for LEV induction of theta. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that induction of a synchronized network oscillation, a novel role of LEV may especially benefit for the treatment of the neuronal disorders with impaired theta oscillation and cognitive function.
Risk factor analysis for progressive spinal deformity after resection of intracanal tumors─a retrospective study of 272 cases
Authors: Wang Pangbo , Author) Kang Ma(Former Corresponding , Chen Tunan , Xue Xingsen , Ma Dada , Wang Shi , Chen Xin , Meng Hui , Cui Gaoyu , Gao Boyuan , Lin Jiangkai , Feng Hua , Author) Weihua Chu(New Corresponding
Published: October 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Progressive spinal deformity has become a well-recognized complication of intracanal tumors resection. However, the factors affecting post-operative spinal stability remain to be further research. Here, we described the current largest series of risk factors analysis for progressive spinal deformity following resection of intracanal tumors.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of the patients with resection of intracanal tumors between January 2009 and December 2018. All patients who underwent resection of intracanal tumors performed regular postoperative follow-up were identified and included in the study. Clinical, radiological, surgical, histopathological, and follow-up data were collected. The incidence of postoperative progressive kyphosis or scoliosis was calculated. The statistical relationship between postoperative progressive spinal deformity and radiographic, clinical, and surgical variables was assessed by using univariate tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-two patients (mean age 42.56 ± 16.18 years) with median preoperative modified McCormick score of 3 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 7（2.6%）patients were found to have spinal deformity preoperatively, and the extent of spinal deformity in these 7 patients deteriorated after surgery. 36 (13.2%) were new cases of postoperative progressive deformity. The mean duration of follow-up was 21.8 months (median 14 months, range 6–114 months). In subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis, age≤18 years (p=0.027), vertebral levels of tumor involvement (p = 0.019) and preoperative spinal deformity(p=0.008) was the independent risk factors (p < 0.05), increasing the odds of postoperative progressive spinal deformity by 3.94- , 0.69- and 27.11-fold, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postoperative progressive spinal deformity was 15.8%, mostly in these patients who had younger age (≤18 years), tumors involved in multiple segments and preoperative spinal deformity. The risk factors of postoperative progressive spinal deformity warrants serious reconsideration that when performing resection of spinal cord tumors in these patients with such risk factors, the surgeons should consider conducting follow-ups more closely, and when patients suffering from severe symptoms or gradually increased spinal deformity, surgical spinal fusion may be a more suitable choice to reduce the risk of reoperation and improve the prognosis of patients.
Limbal-conjunctival Autograft Transplantation Versus Conjunctival Autograft Transplantation In The Treatment Of Pterygium: A Self-control Study
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Gu Yifan , Zhang Yi , Pan Lu
Published: October 2019

Background : Pterygium is a common ocular growth, which affects vision, ocular surface function, and aesthetics of the eye. Although various surgical methods are used for treating pterygium, there has been no consensus on the most suitable method. Therefore, it is important to choose the most appropriate and effective surgical method for the treatment of pterygium. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics and efficacy of limbal-conjunctical autograft transplantation and conjunctival autograft transplantation for the treatment of pterygium. Methods : From August 2015 to December 2016, 80 patients with bilateral primary pterygium in Minhang Hospital affiliated to Fudan University were treated with limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation in one eye (group A) and conjunctival autograft transplantation in the fellow eye (group B). The operative times of the two surgical methods were compared. The corneal epithelial healing times and recurrence rates for the two methods were observed and recorded after two years of follow-up. Results : Eight patients dropped out of the study and 72 patients participated in the final evaluation. The average operative time for group A and group B was 27.56 1.48 minutes and 26.91 1.39 minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference between the operative times for the two groups (t = 1.93, P = 0.058). The average corneal epithelial healing time for groups A and B was 2.56 0.34 days and 4.85 0.49 days, respectively (t=25.26, P < 0.001). Two years after the surgery, pterygium recurred in two eyes (2.78%) in group A and in nine eyes (14.29%) in group B. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (2=4.82, P=0.028). Conclusion : In primary pterygium surgery, the healing time of the corneal epithelium after limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation is shorter than that after conjunctival autograft transplantation, and the pterygium recurrence rate after limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation is lower than that after autologous conjunctival transplantation. Although both limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation and conjunctival autograft transplantation can achieve good clinical results, limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation is superior to conjunctival autograft transplantation in terms of the corneal epithelial healing time and recurrence rate of pterygium after surgery.
Evaluating a digital tool for supporting breast cancer patients: a randomised controlled trial protocol (ADAPT)
Authors: Lidington Emma , McGrath Sophie , Noble Jillian , Stanway Susannah , Lucas Amanda , Mohammed Kabir , Graaf Winette van der , Husson Olga
Published: October 2019

Background: There is a growing number of mHealth tools for breast cancer patients but a lack of scientific evidence for their effects. Recent studies have shown a mix of positive and negative impacts on users. Here we will assess the impact of OWise Breast Cancer, a mobile application for self-monitoring symptoms and managing care, on the process of self-management. Methods: This randomised controlled trial with early-stage breast cancer patients will assess the effect of OWise use on patient activation at 3 months from diagnosis measured by the PAM-13 questionnaire. We will also assess differences in changes in health-related quality of life, psychological distress, health status and NHS health resource utilisation over the first year from diagnosis. Participants will be randomly allocated (1:1) to standard care or standard care plus OWise. Participants will complete questionnaires before starting anti-cancer treatment and at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months from diagnosis. Clinical and patient-reported outcome data will be linked to health resource utilisation data from Discover, an integrated care record of primary, secondary and social care in North West London. We will measure contamination in the control group and adjust the sample size to mitigate the dilution of effect estimates. A per protocol analysis will be conducted as a sensitivity analysis to assess robustness of the primary results. Discussion: This study aims to generate evidence for the effectiveness of OWise at improving patient activation for women with early-stage breast cancer. The results will show the impact of using the tool at the patient level and the NHS health system level. The outcomes of the study will have implications for the application of OWise across the NHS for breast cancer patients and expansion into other tumour types. Assessing publicly available mHealth tools poses a challenge to trialists due to the risk of contamination. Here we apply various methods to measure, mitigate and assess the effects of contamination. Trial registration: The study was registered at clincaltrials.gov (NCT03866655) on 7 March 2019.
Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.
Authors: Wang Jingjing , An Cong , Guo Hailin , Yang Xiangyang , Chen Jingbo , Zong Junqin , Li Jianjian , Liu Jianxiu
Published: October 2019

Soil salinization areas are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soil. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia remains unknown. In our study, we investigated the phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant), to salt stress. The results showed that Z011 exhibited stronger salt tolerance than Z004, with a higher K + /Na + ratio in both its leaves and roots. To further study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and roots were identified as the significant time point and tissue. According to the GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons, the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response were selected and belonged to the hormone pathway, TF families and the DUF family. The interaction between the key DEGs was discussed, revealing that auxin signal transduction and TF families may cooperate in Zoysia salt tolerance and that the WRKY family may be the most important TF family. Thus, our research provides fundamental information regarding the salt-stress response in Zoysia and enhances the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.
Physiological response of Miscanthus x giganteus grown in nutritionally poor post-military soil
Authors: Malinská Hana , Pidlisnyuk Valentina , Nebeská Diana , Erol Anna , Medžová Andrea , Trögl Josef
Published: October 2019

Background: To determine the level of plant stress of second-generation biofuel crop Miscanthus x giganteus ( Mxg ) grown in poor quality post-military soils using physiological parameters; to identify impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the stress reduction and to select the fluorescence indicators most suitable for quantification of stress. Plant fitness was quantified with non-invasive measurement of leaf fluorescence using 16 different indexes. Simultaneously visible stress signs were observed on stems and leaves and differences were revealed by microscopy of leaf sections. Results: Leaf fluorescence analysis, visual observation and changes of leaf anatomy revealed significant stress in all tested subjects . Besides commonly used F v /F m and P.I. (performance index), the fluorescence parameter T fm (time to achieve maximum fluorescence) seems to be rather sensitive and applicable for revealing finer differences. However, none of investigated parameters proved significant positive effect of PGRs on stress reduction. Conclusions: Measuring F v /F m , P.I., and T fm is a suitable method for revealing stress affecting Mxg in poor post-military soils. Since PGRs application did not reduce the stress level, direct application of soil amendments should be considered for stress reduction and improving the biomass quality.
Association of rs610604 in TNFAIP3 and rs17728338 in TNIP1 gene polymorphisms with psoriasis susceptibility: A meta-analysis of case-control studies
Authors: Gong Hai-bo , Gao Shu-tao , Pu Xiong-ming , Kang Xiao-jing , Wu Xiu-juan
Published: October 2019

Background: To date, The pathological mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of psoriasis are still unanswered questions. Genome-wide association surveys have revealed that TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 were key biomarkers for psoriasis. This study aimed to investigate the association between TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 gene polymorphisms with psoriasis susceptibility.Methods Comprehensive literature search was undertook across four online databases—PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to August 25, 2019. Allele model of inheritance was used to analyze the original data. Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the risk bias of each study. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the RevMan 5.3 software.Results In all, 13 case-control studies comprising 13,908 psoriasis patients and 20,051 controls were identified and included in this meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that rs610604 in TNFAIP3 polymorphism was significantly associated with psoriasis risk using random effect model (G vs. T, OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09–1.31, P = 0.0002), and a significant association between rs17728338 in TNIP1 polymorphism and psoriasis vulnerability using fixed effect model (A vs. G, OR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.58–1.80, P < 0.00001).Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that rs610604 in TNFAIP3 and rs17728338 in TNIP1 gene polymorphisms were associated with psoriasis susceptibility.
The Effect Of Sleeping Position On Heart Rate Variability In Newborns
Authors: Fister Petja , Nolimal Manca , Lenasi Helena , Klemenc Matjaž
Published: October 2019

Background : Lower heart rate variability (HRV) in a newborn might represent a risk factor for unfavourable outcome, a longer recovery after illness, and a sudden infant death. Our aim was to determine whether the newborn’s sleeping position is associated with HRV. Methods : We performed a prospective clinical study in 46 hospitalized cardiorespiratory term stable newborns. During sleeping, we measured the parameters of HRV in four body positions (supine, supine with tilt, prone, prone with tilt). Results : The TP (total power spectral density) was significantly higher when lying supine in comparison to prone (p = 0,048) and to prone with tilt (p = 0,046). The HF (high frequency of power spectral density) in the supine position without tilt tended to be higher compared to prone without tilt (p > 0,05). The LF (low frequency power) was significantly higher when lying supine compared to prone, both without tilt (p = 0,018). TP and HF showed a positive correlation with postmenstrual age (PMA) (p = 0.044 and p = 0.036, respectively). Conclusions : In term newborns, sleeping position is associated with HRV. Higher TP and HF were found in the supine position, which might reflect better ANS stability. PMA positively correlated with TP and HF power, but only in supine position.
Application of group LASSO regression based Bayesian networks in risk factors exploration and disease prediction for acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Li Yang , Chen Xiaohong , Wang Yimei , Hu Jiachang , Shen Ziyan , Ding Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2019

Background: This study aims to explore the associated risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) by Bayesian networks (BN), to assess the prediction ability of BN model, and to deduce the probability of AKI under different conditions through BN reasoning. Methods: From 1 October, 2014 to 30 September 2015, 2501 hospitalized patients diagnosed with HM in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai of China, were recruited in this retrospective study. Data of demographics, comorbidities, and clinical lab records were exported from the electronic medical records. The candidate features for AKI was screened and selected out by group LASSO (gLASSO) regression, and the inter-relationship between the featured risk factors was presented in BN. Results: Among 2395 eligible patients, 370 cases were diagnosed with AKI (15.4%). AKI incidences in patients with multiple myeloma (24.1%) and leukemia (23.9%) were the highest while the lowest rates were in lymphoma (13.4%). The gLASSO regression indicated that age, gender, diabetes, hemopathy category, anti-tumor treatment, hemoglobin, serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum uric acid, serum sodium and potassium level on admission had a significant association with the incidence of hospitalized AKI. BN model revealed complex correlations between these related factors, in which a direct connection between age, hemoglobin, eGFR, serum sodium and potassium and AKI was found. HM category and anti-tumor treatment were indirectly linked to AKI through hemoglobin and eGFR, while diabetes was connected with AKI through sodium. Inferences by BNs found that when poor GFR, anemia and hyponatremia, probability occur simultaneously, the probability of AKI may reach 78.5%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of BN is 0.843 (95% CI: 0.812 to 0.858), shared a satisfactory prediction ability. Conclusion: AKI is common among inpatients with HM, affected by multiple risk factors. Bayesian networks combined with gLASSO can provide a novel strategy to explore the potential risk factors integrally and deep into their interrelationships, in accordance with the tide of e-alert and big-data of early detection and prevention of AKI.
Path analysis of skin cancer preventive behaviors in rural women based on protection motivation theory
Authors: Kaviani Abdol-Hossain , Khorsandi Mahboobeh , Roozbahani Nasrin
Published: October 2019

Background: Determining factors affecting adopting preventive behaviors of skin cancer is helpful in designing interventions promoting these behaviors. The present study was conducted aimed to analyze preventive behaviors’ path of skin cancer in rural women based on protection motivation theory. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 230 rural women in the west of Iran were selected randomly. Data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire including demographic information and structures of protection motivation theory by interview with rural women and then analyzed using SPSS 22 and LISREL8.8. Results: In relation with skin cancer preventive behaviors, 27.8% of women were dressed up when working under the sun, 21.7% used sunscreen cream, 5.7% wore cap and 4.8 wore gloves and sunglasses. Protection motivation theory and per capita income explained 76% of motivation variance and 25% of the variance of skin cancer preventive behaviors. Response efficacy structure was the strongest predictor of the motivation of protection (0/001> p, ß= -0.44) and per capita income (0/001> p, ß= -0.34) and motivation (0/001> p, ß= -0.33) were the strongest predictors of these behaviors. Conclusions: This study showed that protection motivation theory is efficient in predicting preventive behaviors of skin cancer and promoting interventions of the behaviors can be designed and implemented by this theory. It is also necessary to perform proper planning in promoting these behaviors in people with low per capita income.
Application of endoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary tumor in patients with hepatolithiasis
Authors: Xie Jiaming , Li Wei , Feng Zhenyu , Ye Zhenyu , Pan Jun , Du Peng , Ma Xiaoming , Gao Dekang , Wei Shaohua , Chen Wei
Published: October 2019

Background: Hepatobiliary tumor is related to hepatolithiasis, early diagnosis and radical resection determines the prognosis. However, to accurate diagnose early hepatobiliary tumor is difficult. Here we evaluated the value of endoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary tumor in patients with hepatolithiasis. Methods: Clinical data of 56 patients undergoing choledocholithotomy in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2018 to April 2019 were analyzed introspectively. The mucosa morphology, submucosal vascular density and distortion of the hepatobiliarry tracts were observed by choledochoscopy. For the abnormal mucosa, the mucosal properties were further determined from the following aspects: methylene blue or Narrow band imaging(NBI) staining observation of the mucosa, detection of the submucosal structures with the ultra-fine ultrasonic probe under the choledochoscopy, and biopsy of the mucosa. Endoscopic findings of intraoperative hepatobiliary mucosa were verified by biopsy or postoperative pathology results. Results: Choledochoscopy or ultra-fine choledochoscopy was performed on 56 patients with hepatolithiasis, hepatobiliary mucosa was observed then. Among the 56 patients, we found five patients with hepatolithiasis complicated with hepatobiliary tumor, either benign or malignant (8.93%): one case of early cholangiocarcinoma; one case of invasive cholangiocarcinoma; Three cases of hepatobiliary adenomas. one was cholesterol polyp of the gallbladder with local adenomatous hyperplasia of the glands, one was multiple adenomas of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts with low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and another one was adenomatous hyperplasia of the intrahepatic ducts. Corresponding cholangioscopic images and postoperative pathology results were obtained in all cases. Conclusions: Intraoperative cholangioscopic exploration can accidentally find tumors of the hepatobiliary system besides calculi. Endoscopic staining and observation of the hepatobiliary mucosa under direct vision has important clinical significance and value in the screening of diseases associated with calculi of the hepatobiliary system like hepatobiliary tumors, especially the early cancer of the hepatobiliary tracts.
Impaired circadian heart rate variability in Parkinson’s disease: a time-domain analysis in ambulatory setting
Authors: Arnao Valentina , Cinturino Antonio , Mastrilli Sergio , Buttà Carmelo , Maida Carlo , Tuttoomondo Antonino , D'Amelio Marco
Published: October 2019

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) decreases in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and it can be considered a marker for cardiovascular dysautonomia.Purpose To evaluate long-term time-domain analysis of HRV of PD patients and compare the results with those of matched healthy individuals.Method Idiopathic PD patients without comorbidity impairing HRV, and age-matched healthy individuals were recruited in a pilot study. A long-term time domain analysis of HRV using 24-hour ambulatory ECG was performed.Results 18 PD patients fulfilling inclusion criteria completed the evaluation (mean age was 55.6 ±8.8, disease duration: 5.0±4.7). Mean SCOPA-AUT score was 10.1±7.3. Patients were on Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-2 and mean Levodopa Equivalent Dose (LED) was 311 ± 239.9. Mean of the 5-minute standard deviation (SD) of R-R intervals distribution (SDNN) for all 5 min segments of the entire recording (ISDNN) was significantly lower in patients compared to controls. ISDNN significantly correlated with age, LED, levodopa and SCOPA-AUT scores.Conclusion In our population characterized by mild to moderate disease severity, time-domain assessment of HRV seemed to be a potential tool to characterize cardiovascular dysautonomia. Decrease of ISDNN in PD may reflect a circadian overall sympathetic and parasympathetic disarrangement.
Do Bacteremic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Have a Fever When Presenting to The Emergency Department? A Paired, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Mermel Leonard , Weatherall Sarah L. , Chambers Alison B.
Published: October 2019

Background Fever is a common symptom when patients present to Emergency Departments. It is unclear if the febrile response of bacteremic hemodialysis-dependent patients differs from bacteremic patients not receiving hemodialysis. The objective of this study was to compare Emergency Departments triage temperatures of patients with and without hemodialysis-dependent end-stage rental disease who have Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and determine the incidence of afebrile S. aureus bacteremia.Methods Paired, retrospective cohort study of 37 patients with and 37 patients without hemodialysis hospitalized with Methicillin-resistant or Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia. Emergency Department triage temperatures were reviewed for all patients, as were potential confounding variables.Results 54% (95% CI, 38-70%) and 82% (95% CI 65-91%) of hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients did not have a detectable fever (<100.4°F) at triage. Triage temperatures were 100.5°F (95% CI 99.9-101.2°F) and 99.0°F (95% CI 98.4-99.6°F) in the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis cohorts, respectively (p<0.001). Triage temperature in patients with and without diabetes mellitus was 99.2°F (95% CI 98.4-99.9°F) and 100.4°F (95% CI 99.7-101.0°F), respectively (p=0.03). We were unable to detect a significant effect of diabetes mellitus and other potential confounding variables on differences in temperature between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis cohorts (all interactions p > 0.19).Conclusions Hemodialysis-dependent patients with S. aureus bacteremia had significantly higher temperatures than non- hemodialysis-dependent end stage renal disease patients but more than half of patients were without detectable fever at triage, possibly reflecting use of insensitive methods for measuring temperature. Absence of fever at presentation to the Emergency Department should not delay blood culture acquisition in patients who are at increased risk of S. aureus bacteremia.
Pharmacodynamic comparison of different antimicrobial regimens against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration
Authors: Costa Thaina Miranda da , Cuba Gabriel Trova , Morgado Priscylla Guimarães Migueres , Nicolau David P. , Nouér Simone Aranha , Santos Kátia Regina Netto dos , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga
Published: October 2019

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections (BSI) worldwide, representing a major challenge for public health due to its resistance profile. Higher vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. aureus are associated with treatment failure and defining optimal empiric options for BSIs in settings where these isolates are prevalent is rather challenging. I n silico pharmacodynamic models based on stochastic simulations (Monte Carlo) are important tools to estimate best antimicrobial regimens in different scenarios. We aimed to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of different antimicrobials regimens for the treatment of S. aureus BSI in an environment with high vancomycin MIC . Methods: Steady-state drug area under the curve ratio to MIC (AUC⁄MIC) or the percent time above MIC ( f T>MIC) were modeled using a 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation to achieve pharmacodynamic exposures against 110 consecutive S. aureus isolates associated with BSI. Results: Cumulative fractions of response (CFRs) against all S. aureus isolates were 98% for ceftaroline; 79% and 92% for daptomycin 6 mg/kg q24h and for the high dose of 10 mg/kg q24h, respectively; 77% for linezolid 600 mg q12h when MIC was read according to CLSI M100-S26 instructions, and 64% when MIC was considered at the total growth inhibition; 65% and 86% for teicoplanin, three loading doses of 400 mg every 12h followed by 400 mg every 24h and for teicoplanin 400 mg every 12h, respectively; 61% and 76% for vancomycin 1000 mg every 12h and every 8h, respectively. Conclusions: Based on this model, ceftaroline and high-dose daptomycin regimens delivered best pharmacodynamic exposures against S. aureus BSIs. Teicoplanin higher dose regimen achieved the best CFR (86%) among glycopeptides, although optimal threshold was not achieved, and vancomycin performance was critically affected by the S. aureus vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. Linezolid effectiveness (CFR of 73%) is also affected by high prevalence of isolates with linezolid MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. These data show the need to continually evaluate the pharmacodynamic profiles of antimicrobials for empiric treatment of these infections.
Competitive Effects of Weeds on the Growth of Container-grown Plants
Authors: Berchielli-Robertson Diana L. , Gilliam Charles H. , Fare Donna C.
Published: October 2019

A 2-year study evaluated the effects of three weed species: eclipta [Eclipta alba (L.) Hasskarl], prostrate spurge (Euphorbia supina Raf.), and wood sorrel (Oxalis stricta L.) on growth of container-grown `Gumpo White Sport' azalea (Rhododendron eriocarpum), R. x `Fashion', and Berberis thunbergii DC. var. atropurpurea `Crimson Pigmy'. Competitiveness among weed species as ranked from greatest to least was eclipta, prostrate spurge, and wood sorrel. Greater populations of eclipta and prostrate spurge resulted in decreased shoot dry weight of `Fashion' and `Gumpo White Sport' azalea. Prostrate spurge had a similar effect on `Crimson Pigmy' barberry in both small (3.8-liter) and large (15.2-liter) containers, while eclipta reduced shoot dry weight of barberry only in large containers. Wood sorrel had little effect on shoot dry weight of `Fashion' and `Gumpo White Sport' azalea.
Changes in Guavas of Three Maturity Stages in Response to Temperature and Relative Humidity
Authors: Vazquez-Ochoa Roberto I. , Colinas-Leon Maria T.
Published: October 2019

Maturity at harvest influenced storage life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit kept at 3.5, 7, or 11C and 80% or 88% RH. Quality characteristics considered were firmness, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and soluble solids concentrations, and weight loss. Chilling injury was observed only in guavas harvested at the mature-green stage and kept at 3.5 or 7C. The storage life of fruit kept at 11C was reduced due to fungal attack. The best results were obtained with guavas harvested at the color-turning stage followed by storage at 7C and 80% RH for 3 weeks. These fruits had good appearance 5 days after removal from storage.
Fresh and Aged Pine Bark as Soil Amendments for Establishment of Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Odneal Marilyn B. , Kaps Martin L.
Published: October 2019

The recommendation for planting highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Missouri includes the incorporation of sphagnum peat in the planting hole. This experiment compared the use of fresh and aged pine bark to sphagnum peat as soil amendments at planting. One-year-old highbush blueberry `Blueray' plants were planted in 1983 at Mountain Grove, Mo. Plant height, spread, and number of new canes were recorded from 1983 through 1987. Yield and berry size were recorded from 1985 through 1988. There were no significant differences in these measurements among soil amendment treatments (P = 0.05).
Genotypic and Chemical Influences on Fruit Growth of Tomato
Authors: Owen Henry R. , Aung Louis H.
Published: October 2019

A relationship between ovary size at anthesis and final fruit diameter of 12 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars with a range of fruit sizes, shapes, and maturation rates was determined. `Fireball', `Michigan/Ohio Hybrid', and `New Yorker' produced nonfasciated, spherical fruits of intermediate maturation rate and showed a significantly higher correlation between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter than `Small Fry', `Roma VF', `Early Cascade', `Campbell 1327', or `Ponderosa'. A linear regression of final fruit diameter at maturity on ovary diameter at anthesis of the cultivars was highly significant (r2 = 0.92**; ÿ = 22.5X - 0.3). Continuous root application of 0.01 μm BA to seedlings of `Fireball' significantly delayed anthesis. A single foliar application of 0.37 mM NOA to `Fireball' plants at the appearance of the first inflorescence significantly increased ovary diameter on the first inflorescence, but decreased ovary diameter on the second inflorescence. Treatment with NOA altered final fruit shape but not final fruit diameter. Single foliar applications of 0.1 mM GA stimulated stem and peduncle elongation but did not affect fruit size. Chemical names used: ß-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA), N6-benzylaminopurine (BA), gibberellic acid, (GA).
Postharvest Handling of Brodiaea Flowers
Authors: Han Susan S. , Halevy Abraham H. , Reid Michael S.
Published: October 2019

Vase life of individual flowers of cut brodiaea (Triteleia laxa Benth.) inflorescences ended 4 days after opening. Best vase life was achieved by harvesting inflorescences 1 to 2 days before anthesis of the first flower and holding them in a vase solution containing 2% sucrose and 200 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (HQC). Such inflorescences had a display life of 12 days. Decreasing the pH of the vase solution or pulsing inflorescences with 10% sucrose for 16 hours did not increase their longevity. T. laxa flowers pretreated with 10% sucrose overnight could be stored for up to 2 weeks without significant reduction in vase life.
Colchicine-induced Polyploidy in Eustoma grandiflorum
Authors: Griesbach R.J. , Bhat R.N.
Published: October 2019

Tetraploid forms of lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Grisebach) Schinners] were produced by applying 0.5% (w/v) aqueous colchicine to seedling apices. The tetraploids had stronger stems and reduced plant stature, which provided better support to flowers than diploids.
Plant Regeneration from Hypocotyl Callus of Radish
Authors: Matsubara Sachiko , Hegazi Hegazi H.
Published: October 2019

Callus initiation and growth and plantlet regeneration were studied using eight cultivars of Raphanus sativus L., including six Japanese radishes, one Chinese and one small `Comet' radish. The basal medium was composed of Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts, 2.0 mg myo-inositol/liter, 0.5 mg each of nicotinic acid and pyridoxine·HCl/liter, and 0.1 mg thiamine·HCl/liter, 30 g sucrose and 2 g Gelrite/liter. High callus yields were obtained on basal medium containing (mg·liter-1) 0.1 2,4-D and 1.0 BA for two Japanese radishes and 0.1 NAA and 1.0 kinetin for `Comet' radish. Shoots were regenerated from callus by subculturing on basal medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 mg BA/liter and then transferring to basal medium. Rooting occurred on basal medium. Although callus was obtained in all eight cultivars, shoots and plantlets were regenerated only from `Moriguchi', `Nerima Shirinaga', and `Comet'. Chemical names used: 2-(l-naphthyl) acetic acid (NAA); N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (BA); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); 6-(furfurylamino)purine (kinetin).
Nitrogen, Shading Duration, Gas Exchange, and Growth of Cassava
Authors: Tankou C.M. , Schaffer B. , O'Hair S.K. , Sanchez C.A.
Published: October 2019

The effects of applied N and shading duration on net gas exchange and growth of two southern Florida cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) cultivars grown in containers were determined. Both cultivars responded similarly to shading and N with respect to the measured variables. There were no interactions between shading duration and N application rate for any of the variables measured. Tissue dry weights, total leaf N and chlorophyll concentrations, net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E), water-use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal conductance (gs) were quadratically related to the concentration of N applied to the soil. The optimum N application rate for maximum growth of both cultivars was 60 mg/plant per day. Increased shading duration reduced A, E, gs, WUE, storage root number, and weight and increased the shoot : root ratio.