bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULATION OF TILLERING IN WHEAT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GRAIN YIELD 1.CONTRIBUTION PERCENTAGES OF THE MAIN STEM AND PRIMARY TILLERING THE NUMBER OF SPIKES AND GRAIN YIELD
Authors: & Al- Hassan Mahmood
Published: June 2020

A Factorial experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Field Crop College of Agriculture University of Baghdad winter Season of 2014-2015. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen levels on regulation of tillering in wheat and its relationship with grain yield and components. Treatments were distributed in the Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Black Design with three replicates and four seeding rates 60,80,100 and 120 kg ha-1 and fertilized with four nitrogen levels 50,100,150 and 200 kgN.ha-1. The results showed that there were significant differences within two factors and their interaction on the number of spikes and grain yield. Main stem produced the highest number of Spike 210.00 spike.m-2, and grain yield 3.050 tan ha-1 compared to primary tillers (tiller1,tiller2,tiller3). Concerning the seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest number of Spike.m-2  363 spike and Grain yield 4.775 tan.h-1 compared to other seed rates. The N level 150 kg ha-1 gave the highest number of spikes 382 spike and grain Yield 4.919 tan.h-1 compared to other N levels. The percentage of contribution main stem 50.82, 64.57 % respectively compared to the tillers (tiller1, tiller2, tiller3) which amounted to 32.55, 12.80 and 3.80 % respectively in the spikes number, and 26.02, 7.90 and 1.33 % respectively in grain yield. It could be conclude that the total contribution of the primary tillers percentages represents a half the total number of spikes within two factors of study, while the total contribution percentages of primary tillers is amounted to half the main stem contribution in the grain yield within two factors of study.
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS IN SORGHUM UNDER THE EFFECT OF POPULATIONS AND PLANTING SEASONS.
Authors: & et al. Wuhaib
Published: June 2020

In order to estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environment variance; and estimate the genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variations; and heritability broad sense. for some traits, in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).Experiment was carried out at the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during Spring and Fall season of 2013, by using split plot arrangement in randomize complete block design with four replications . The population densities are 6000, 7000, 80000 p.ha-1.as the main plots. Traits and variances were recorded on three genotypes of sorghum, Enqath, Rabih and Kaffieras sub plots. Results of statistical analysis showed that the cultivar Enqath the higher yield 5.81 ton.ha-1. and 6.13 ton.ha-1. for Spring and Fall season respectively. This was due to superiority in weight of 1000 grain 32.48g in spring, and no. of grains 2323 grains for Fall. The better population density was 60000 .ha-1. for spring due to highest of grain weight, no. of grains and dry weight for its increase in functional no. of leaves and flag leaf area. In Fall the plant in this population were give higher yield due to superiority in dry weight, leaf area index, grain weight and flag leaf area. The superior cultivar and population characterized in lower leaf area and day to maturity and higher in harvest index. So these traits characterized with higher of genetic variation and heritability.
DETERMINANTS OF PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT IN IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD (1990-2014)
Authors: & Hmzah Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The agricultural sector is one of the important economic sectors which contribute to provide the food and raw materials that use into many industrial goods and create jobs. Moreover, it helps to reduce the imports of agricultural products and activate of growing the other manufacturing sectors. Even though, the agricultural is very important sector, but still weak and unworthy because the agriculture produce line is not flexible to aggregate demand; however, it needs to expansion in agricultural investment. Since the agricultural sector has characters which are quite different than other sectors which are effective on investor's decisions rely on the economic policy. The study aim to determine the impact of the GDP, interest rate, inflation, exchange rate and conception government expenditure on agricultural privet investment. The study used time series data from (1990-2014) with Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) as a model .The result showed the long run relationship between privet investment and its determents. The adjustment coefficient is negative and significant at 1%, and gross domestic product is positive impact on investment, while the impact of  the other variables are negative in agricultural investment. The study recommends increasing the investment expenditure on scientific agricultural researches, especially, on the assets productivity of animals, seeds and plants; however, it has to consider the impact of some elements of fiscal and monetary policy which is needed to stimulate private agricultural investment.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NITROGEN ON GRAIN YIELD AND IT'S COMPONENT IN SORGHUM
Authors: & et al. Abood
Published: June 2020

This experiment was carried out at the experimental farm. College of Agriculture, Anbar University (in replace location Abu – Gharib), during the spring and autumn season of 2015. The main objective was to find out the effect of nitrogen concentration  (0, 1.5, 3.0, and, 4.5) g.L -1 and three stages of foliar application  (vegetative growth, booting and 25% flowering) on grain yield and it's major components of sorghum cv. Bohooth. 70  The layout of the experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. nitrogen concentration were used as main plots, while stages of foliar of nitrogen were used as sub-plots. Results, showed that in both season addition of nitrogen at a conc more than 1.5 g.L -1 (3.0, 4.5) resulted in a significant increment in mean of plant height, leaf area grain weight. head -1, No. of grain .head -1, grain yield and biological yield. while weight of 1000 grain and harvest index were only significantly  influenced  in autumn seasons. In spring and autumn season highest grain yield (2.548, 4.111) t. ha -1 was obtained when plants sprayed with 4.5 g. L -1. the of increment in grain yield when N spray at conc (1.5, 3, 4.5) g.L-1 compare with control  treatment (13.6%, 40.8%, 43.9%) and (17.47%, 42%, 54.8%) for spring and autumn season respectively. Foliar application of N at different stages of growth had only significant effect on plant height and leaf area in autumn season and biological yield in both season ,when foliar application at vegetative growth gave highest mean for these traits .
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF JAPANESE QUAILS TO OLEOBIOTIC
Authors: S.M. Beski S.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the administration of oleobiotic to the drinking water of Japanese quails. Three different concentrations ofoleobiotic (0, 30 or 50 ml/1000L) were administrated in the drinking water and provided to the birds for 5 weeks. Throughout the five weeks experimental period, there was no significant effect of oelobiotic on the performance parameters including (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and FCR) of Japanese quail. The liver was heavier and there was a tendency of spleen to be heavier by rising levels of oleobiotic. Among the measured biochemical parameters of serum, the concentration of albumin increased in the birds that received the medium level of oleobiotic. The concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone in the serum decreased by rising level of oleobiotic in the drinking water of Japanese quails. Furthermore, the concentration of amylase in the serum decreased at the highest administration level of oleobiotic to the drinking water. As an essential oil, offering of oleobioticwas not promising regarding to the performance and physiology of Japanese quails when birds were raised in a relatively hygienic environment.Further researches are required to examine the efficacy of oleobiotic for poultry. Oleobiotic may expresses its beneficial effects during the bird exposure to highly pathogenic conditions.
RESPONSE OF SEVERAL SORGHUM VARIETIES TO POTASSIUM FOLIAR.
Authors: & Salh Abood
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of Agriculture College , Anbar University, (alternative site Abu Ghraib) during  spring and fall seasons of 2017, to study the effect of soil and foliar application of potassium (140 kg.ha-1, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg-L-1) on growth and yield of three varieties of sorghum (Lelo, Inkath and Ishtar), The experiment was carried out according to the design of  (R.C.B.D) and in order of the split arrangement with three replicates.  Results shows, the cultivar Ishtar was superior in most studied characters such as plant height and leaf area ​​148.67, 152.25 cm, 5210, 4767 cm2.plant-1, in two seasons, respectively. The same cultivar gave the lowest number of days (from planting to 100% flowering), also it gave highest grain yield and highest harvest index which was 81.83 days and 4.93 ton.ha-1 and 25.15% respectively in spring season only. While the two varieties Lelo and Ishtar gave the lowest content of proline  leaves (2.11 and 0.18 mg.gm-1) in spring and fall seasons respectively. The highest concentration of potassium (1000mg L-1) was superior in plant height, leaf area and  grain yield (150.89, 155.78 cm, 5075, 4812 cm2 plant -1, 5.56, and 8.32 ton.ha-1) in two seasons  respectively.
BIOLOGICAL GROWTH QUALITY OF CARASOBARBUS LUTEUS FROM EUPHRATES IN AL- MUTHANNA PROVINCE
Authors: Alasadiy Y. D. K.
Published: June 2020

Results of current study represents the first investigation on age groups and growth of  Carasobarbus luteus from two stations of the Euphrates in Al- Muthanna province, during  the period from September 2017 to March 2018.A total of 155 samples were caught belonging this fish species . age group comprised five (II+-VI+) for males and six (II+-VII+) for females with dominant III + age group in both sexes. The annual increment in length was decreased with the increase in age group, while the annual increment in weight was the highest in the first year and increase with age, except for VI+ year for  males. The regression coefficient (b) indicated that   the growth modality of Carasobarbus luteus was Allometric in males and isometric in females. mean values of condition factor from 1.06699 (IV+) to 1.51979 (II+) in males and between 1.156865(VII+)  to 1.558341(IV+) for females, statistical analysis showed significant differences(P≤0.05) between males and females in values of condition factor .Growth models of Von Bertalanffy  were( L∞=30 cm, K=0.15, to= -0.213) for both sexes. The current study found that this fish does not reach large, ages and the female growth is better than male.
ESTIMATION OF THE IMPACT OF SOME VARIABLES OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC POLICY ON THE IRAQI DOMESTIC AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT FOR THE PERIOD 1994-2015 USING THE METHOD OF COINTEGRATION AND THE ARDL MODEL
Authors: & Alhiyali Muhammed
Published: June 2020

The calculations of gross domestic product (GDP) show the contribution of each sector, whether Service fully or productively, to the formation of the national income.The agricultural sector is an important sector, although it did not take the lead in the composition of GDP because of the large contribution of the oil sector, especially in recent years, which witnessed the return of Iraq to the international oil market. The research aimed to measure the impact of some economic variables in agricultural GDP and analyze the role that these variables can play on the growth of this output, which can promote growth in the Iraqi agricultural sector. The research was based on the quantitative method to arrive at its results by following one of the modern methods to study the causal relationship, the method of multivariate cointegration, the ARDL model and the test of the causal relationship to determine the direction of the relationship between the economic variables studied, based on the assumptions of the economic theory. The study found that there is a long-term effect between the agricultural GDP index and the other economic variables under study and that there is a causal relationship between the long term and the short term.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE SUGGESTED STANDARDS
Authors: & AL-DULAIMY AL-MHMDY
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was conducted during autumn season 2017 at Al-Saqlawia, far about 50km north-west of Baghdad/Iraq, aimed to a periodic evaluation for drip irrigation system to obtain best values of the suggested standards. The experiment included two factors; first, emitters' discharge (d) at two levels using emitters with 4Lh-1 design discharge (d4) and emitters with 8Lh-1 design discharge (d8). While the second factor; operational pressure at three levels, first level, operational pressure 0.5 bar(P1), second, operational pressure 0.7 bar(P2), and the last, operational pressure 1.0 bar (P3), the experiment was designed according to randomized complete block design. The results showed a decrease in values of both uniformity coefficient and emission uniformity, while the rate of actual discharge and variation ratios have been increased with the increase of operational pressure and for both discharge, where the reduction ratios at uniformity coefficient reached 3.02%, 4.25%, while at emission uniformity 6.52%, 7.18%, then actual discharge ratios increased about 10.75%, 20.25%, while the discharge variation ratios increased to reach 389.36%, 490.48%; while at depending an emitter 8Lh-1  actual discharge, the reduction ratios at uniformity coefficient reached 1.33%, 2.64%, then at emission uniformity, they reached 3.91%, 2.85%, while actual discharge ratios increased to reach 11.73%, 21.44%, then the increase ratios of discharge variation were about 122%, 199.22% when comparing above values with the effect of operational pressure mentioned previously.
SUNN PEST SPECIES AND ITS HIBER NATION SITES IN DIYALA GOVERNORATE / IRAQ
Authors: & Al-Jorany Shblawy
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura  was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated  in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves, weed ,date palm leaf base .The heights total number of adults(68,56,51 and 44adults/5m2) was found under cogon grass(Imperata cylindrican L.), Bermuda grass(Cyndo dactylon L.),Grape tree(Vitis vinifera L.)and Eucalyptus tree(Eucalyptus spp.) respectively. Higher densities were recorded in Muqdadiyah (200), Balad rooz (193), Kalas (113) and decreased to( 65) adults in  Khanakin. Found that the higher percentage for species E. integriceps then followed E. testudinaria finally the species E. maura in all region in Diyala governorate.
SIMULATION OF DRAFT FORCE FOR THREE TYPES OF PLOW USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD UNDER VARIOUS FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: Almaliki S.
Published: June 2020

In this study a mathematical models were developed to simulate draft force for three types of plows (moldboard, chisel and disk plow). The study was carried out in the experimental field of Agricultural Machinery Department at University of Basrah, which had silty clay soil texture. Independent parameters included three levels of tillage depth (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25m), three forward speeds (0.54, 0.83 and 1.53 m/s) and two levels of cone index (550 and 980 kPa). Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilized to produce models and to analyze results. Acquired results were used to extract accurate model for draft force. The draft force increased by 114% when tillage depth increased from 15 to 25 cm. Increasing forward speed from 0.54 to 1.53 m/s led to increased draft force by 80%. The cone index had positive effect on draft force by 42% when increased cone index from 550 kPa to 980 kPa. The most influential factor in draft force is the tillage depth, followed by the forward speed and cone index. The highest draft requirements were recorded for moldboard plow, followed by chisel and disk plow. Models validation was acceptable ( R-Squared = 0.97) and the draft force could be predicted with reliability of about 95%.
EFFECT OF SPRAYING WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF LICORICE EXTRACT AND PLANT DENSITIES IN GROWTH AND YIELD OF SORGHUM BICOLOR L.
Authors: & Al-Ani Al-Mohmadi
Published: June 2020

A field experiment was condueted at the experimental Farm, College of Agriculture University of AL-Anbar in replace location (Abu-Gheaib) in spring season of 2017. While in Fall season it was applied at AL-saqluwiya-Anbar Province 10 km west north of Falluga city to study the effect of four levels of licorice extractor (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) (0,2,4 and 6) g.L-1 water and three (53,333, 66,666 and 88,888 plant) plant.ha-1. On growth and grain yield of Sorghum cv. Rabih. The experiment was applied using R.C.B.D. arranged in split plots with three replications. levels of plant densities were used as main-plot, while licorice extractor were used as sub-plot. Foliar application of licorice extractor was applied during vegetative growth. The results showed that, high plant density (88888) plant.h-1 significantly increase plant height and leaf area index, while most of traits were not significantly influenced by plant density including grain yield. Results revealed that foliar application of licorice extractor with 2,4,6 g.L-1 of water significantly influenced grain yield in spring season compane with control treatment and it is amounted to (9.62, 9.55 and 9.78) t.h-1 respectively. There were significant interaction between Licorice extractor and plant density in spring and fall season in grain yield. The higher grain yield of 10.31 and 10.33 t.h-1 were obtained when sorghum plants were sowing at hight density and sprayed with Licorice extractor at level          4 g.L-1 respectively
IMPACT OF NANO NPK FERTILIZERS TO CORRELATION BETWEEN PRODUCTIVITY, QUALITY AND FLAG LEAF OF SOME BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: & AL-Hassan Burhan
Published: June 2020

This research was carried out at the fields of Field Crops Dept. Coll. of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during the season 2017-2018, to investigate the effect of Nano fertilizer NPK (Fn1, Fn2, Fn3: spraying with the liquid fertilizer 20%-9%-10% with 15% concentration of the levels 750:90:600, 500: 60: 400 and 250: 30: 200 mg L-1 and Fgn1, Fgn2, Fgn3: spraying the liquid fertilizer at 7.50% concentration of the same levels plus 50% of the soil Fertilizer) on flag leaf area, grain yield and some of the quality traits of three wheat varieties. Using randomized complete block design with split plot arrange with three replications. The results showed increases in grains yield (48.99%), protein percentage (27.24%), gluten ratio in flour (58.45%) and flag leaf area (38.69%), its dry weight (41.89%) , total chlorophyll content (18.33%), nitrogen (19.37%), phosphorus (44.11%) and potassium (12.03%) when fertilized with Fn1 treatment compared with the control treatment (Fg: soil Fertilizer 184 N, 39.56 P, 41.50 K kg ha-1). The Fgn1 and Fgn2 treatments gave increase in the specific weight of flag leaf at 31.38  and 11.44% respectively, also the Fgn1 and Fgn2 treatments increase in grain carbohydrate content at 15.00 and 10.55 % respectively compared with Fg treatment. Arrangement of the Fertilizers  treatments in their general progressively positive effects on growth, yield and quality parameters was Fn1>Fgn1>Fn2>Fgn2> Fn3>Fgn3>Fg. The Bhoth-158 variety gave the highest grains yield (5.25 tons ha-1) with increase ratios 13.14 and 23.82% compared with Uruq and IPA-99 varieties. The IPA-99 was superior in its flour content of highest ratio of the dry gluten (16.99%). The Bhoth-158 variety showed positive response to Nano Fertilizers  treatments especially the Fn1 treatment followed by IPA-99 variety. There was highly significant correlation between total grains yield and each of the flag leaf area, its dry weight and chlorophyll content, its time staying active and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
EFFECT OF TOPPING AND PLANT DENSITIES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON.
Authors: & Al-Naqeeb Hasab
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of topping and plant densities on growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) .A field experiment was conducted at the research station of Field Crop Department-  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad,during  two summer seasons (2016 and 2017).This study included two factors using Ranndomiled Complele Block Design within split plot arrangement  .The first factor, regulate growth  through foliar with the growth retardants (pix) at the beginning of flower buds appearance , foliar at the beginning of The flower appearance and growing tips topping at the  beginning of flower buds appearance and  tip topping at the beginning of flower appearance and control  (without topping). These treatments occupied the main  plots .The second factor was the number of plants in hill (1,2 and 3 plant hill-1),which occupied the  sub plots. The results indicated significant differences among regulate growth traetment in most studied characters, P2 was exceeded by producing the highest number of branches and number of open bolls .This causes to increase plant yield , which  reach 23.78  and 22.86 g plant-1 and  seed cotton yield giving2124.8 and 1972.3 kg ha-1, whereas treatment T4 had the highest average in dry weight, lint length and lint fineness. The treatment 1 plant   hill-1 was exceeded by producing  the highest   plant height,  number of sympodia, leaf area, dry weight, boll weight and the number of open  bolls which reflected on increasing plant yield by (32.63 and 34.58) g plant-1 and lint fineness by (4.66 and 4.72) micronear for both seasons respectively . The results indicated a significant interaction between regulate growth  treatments and number of plants per hill in some studied characters. This indicate that the responce of cotton topping differed due to plant densities,with topping.
EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON TILLERING AND YIELD OF THREE BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: & Al-Naqeeb Baqir
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L-1 and the amino acid L-Cystine at 100 and 150 mg L-1 and control treatment. The treatments of foliar application were applied during two growth stages, the first was when the main stem had three leaves (ZGS: 13) and the second was when the plant entered the flowering stage (ZGS: 60). Results showed the significant superiority of Buhooth 22 in most growth traits, which produced the highest number of tillers.m-2 (556.30 and 568.15 tillers m-2), number of spikes (476.74 and 494.19 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (31.09 and 32.43 g), and grain yield (5.39 and 5.15 Mg ha-1) for the two seasons respectively. The treatment of foliar application L-Tryptophan at 50 mg L-1 was significantly superior in most traits of yield components which produced the highest values of the number of tillers (616.89 and 627.78 tillers m-2), number of spikes (477.00 and 944.67 spikes m-2), weight of 1000 grains (32.01 and 33.55g), and grain yield (5.77 and 5.33Mg ha-1) in the two seasons, respectively. The response of wheat cultivar growth and yield to amino acids differed significantly.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON SOME PHYSICAL SOIL PROPERTIES
Authors: & et al. Hassan
Published: June 2020

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a  river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities  1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47 mg.m-3  for river, derange and well water. while the porosity values were 47.3%, 45.8%  and 43.8%. for river, derange and well water. while the hydraulic conductivity  were 5.13, 4.26 and 4.36 cm.h-1for river , derange and well water. also the result showed that the bulk density values were 1.48, 1.44 and 1.38 mg.m-3 for ZT, CT and DT respectively. while the porosity values were 44.3, 45.7 and 47.8% for ZT, CT and DT respectively. But for the interactions for electrical conductivity with tillage The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.50 mg.m-3  for well water with ZT but decrees value it become 1.34 mg.m-3  for river water with DT. The best type of tillage was conventional tillage as it has the ability to improve properties of soil as well as it helps to reduce.
EVALUATION MANAGEMENT BROILER PRODUCTION PROJECTS AT BAGHDAD PROVINCE USING MANAGEMENT CRITERIA
Authors: & Faeq Ali , & Faeq Ali
Published: June 2020

This research aims were to evaluate management of broiler production projects in Baghdad province via using the criteria of management, included production index and economic figure (PI and EF) that specified to those projects. in addition to criteria of economic efficiency also applied (INME) index number of management efficiency, in order to the research requirements, data were obtained based on a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which was collected by personal interview of (60) projects of the broiler production projects from (516) projects representing 11.6% of the research community in Baghdad province  in 2016. The results show that mean of PI and EF was (338). The increase in these two criteria is generally due to control of management procedures, while 48% of the sample projects according to the INME index gave values higher than 100. This reflects the effect of the high level of management efficiency on FCR and consequently on the level of production of meat broiler. The results were also shown in accordance with the economic and financial criteria used in the evaluation of meat broiler projects. All the categories of projects achieved positive returns. The research concluded that the sample projects are economically merit, with the benefit cost ratio (1.5). Also the broiler projects rely little on the permanent work represented by the number of administrators. This is confirmed by the low percentage of fixed costs, The research recommends to adoption of modern administrative, production and technical methods to manage the production of broiler projects and to encourage investment in such of these projects because of their economic efficiency and featured in the short cycle of capital.
Onicomicosis Blanca Superficial
Authors: Klussmann Katherine Giselle , Chang Patricia Elizabeth
Published: June 2020

Se reporta el caso de una onicomicosis blanca superficial en un paciente inmunocompetente, por la manifestación poco frecuente de este tipo de onicomicosis.
Gangliocitoma displásico del cerebelo (Enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos) asociado a Síndrome de Cowden
Authors: Gramajo Marisol , Parada-Roesch Pedro
Published: June 2020

El gangliocitoma displásico del cerebelo, conocido como enfermedad de Lhermitte-Duclos, se presenta en la tercera o cuarta década de la vida, sin predilección de sexo, no es claro si la condición representa disembriogénesis cerebelosa, un hamartoma o una neoplasia, pero clínicamente  se presenta como un proceso expansivo en la fosa posterior, de lento crecimiento y patogenia desconocida. Se presenta caso de mujer de 31 años como hallazgo incidental de tumor cerebeloso.
Tuberculomas cerebrales simulando enfermedad metastásica
Authors: Gramajo Marisol , López Cervantes María Ximena
Published: June 2020

La tuberculosis es la principal causa de muerte debido a un agente infeccioso en el mundo, la afección del sistema nervioso central representa aproximadamente el 1% de todos los casos extrapulmonares. Provoca más de dos millones de muertes anuales y el 98% de estos casos ocurren en países en vías de desarrollo. Su presentación puede ser atípica, lo que conlleva al diagnóstico tardío y en ocasiones erróneo, principalmente en pacientes inmunocompetentes sin ningún otro factor de riesgo aparente, donde la demora diagnóstica es cuatro veces mayor que en inmunocomprometidos, el diagnostico lo constituye la alta sospecha clínica, apoyados por el estudio de líquido cefalorraquídeo y de imágenes, un tratamiento pronto y oportuno contribuye significativamente en el desenlace del paciente.

A continuación, se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 42 años de edad inmunocompetente, quien tuvo una presentación insidiosa, lo cual demoró su diagnóstico.
Tumor Pardo
Authors: Gramajo Marisol , Orantes Ana
Published: June 2020

El tumor pardo es una neoplasia ósea asociada al aumento en niveles de hormona paratiroidea. En su localización mandibular puede confundirse con otros diagnósticos como un tumor de células gigantes y un granuloma central o periférico de células gigantes, pasando desapercibida su asociación con la afección glandular. Se presenta caso de hombre con tumoración mandibular e hiperparatiroidismo.
importancia de la autopsia en epidemias
Authors: Argueta Sandoval Victor Leonel
Published: June 2020

Está irrefutablemente documentado que la autopsia ha servido como garantía de calidad en la práctica de la medicina. A pesar de las múltiples avances tecnológicos en los estudios clínicos, el margen de error diagnóstico, comparado con el diagnóstico de la autopsia, es muy alto, aún en los países desarrollados. Por eso consideramos que debe privilegiarse el estudio postmortem, para que la medicina suba su calidad y cuente con tratamientos más efectivos, al tener hallazgos objetivos de la fisiopatología de las enfermedades, especialmente en muertes por causas desconocidas.

En el momento actual de la pandemia Covid-19, algunos países han tomado la decisión de no permitir las autopsias, lo cual limita investigar adecuadamente la fisiopatología de la enfermedad y procurar adecuados tratamientos. Está demostrado que las autopsias permiten conocer la causa exacta de la muerte en un alto porcentaje de casos y que en epidemias, es una herramienta que puede facilitar mejores diagnósticos y tratamientos, lo que puede contribuir a disminuir los daños de la enfermedad.
Real-Time Economic Frequency Regulation for Partitioned Microgrids Based on Cost-Driven Droop Function
Authors: Hu Qian , Bu Siqi
Published: June 2020

With the increase of the number and geographic
dispersion of distributed energy resources (DERs), the microgrid (MG) has
become scattered along with the higher complexity of control and communication.
This paper proposes a two-level regulation strategy to achieve the local
objective of frequency regulation and power sharing as well as the global
objective of economic operation in the real time for the scattered MG. Firstly,
the MG integrated with multiple DERs is partitioned into several nanogrids
(NGs) such that DERs connecting on the same feeder are grouped in the same NG for
the efficient and cost-effective communication and control. Then in the NG
level, the total power mismatch of the entire MG can be learned and an optimal
incremental cost can be agreed by each NG through the fastest distributed linear averaging (FDLA)
and discrete-consensus algorithm, respectively. In the DER level, a cost-driven
droop gain is developed to indicate the willingness of each DER in the NG to
participate into the frequency regulation service. The pinning-based protocol
is formulated to regulate the frequency and meanwhile enable the proportional
power sharing among DERs based on the economic droop function. Case studies
satisfactorily demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed regulation
strategy for the economic frequency regulation in the tested MG.
Endemic wheats of China as resources for breeding
Authors: Fu Hao , Goncharov N. P.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To present the wheat endemics of China as source material for breeding and historical heritage. Results and Discussion. Wheat in China is the second most widely distributed cereal crop after rice. It is cultivated in China from the extreme northern border to the southern one, at altitudes from 154 m below sea level to 4450 m above sea level. The Chinian wheat is originated from South-West and West Asia and has a history of more than 2.8 thousand years. Since ancient times, the wheat species have been grown in China: bread (Triticum aestivum L.), compactum (T. compactum Host), polonicum (T. polonicum L.), turgidum (T. turgidum L.), durum (T. durum Desf.), turanian (T. turanicum Jakubz.). The Chinese ancient bread wheats are of interest for breeders because presence among them of early ripening, multi-flowering with the grain number in a spikelet up to 7-8 and in the ear up to 90-100, drought and winter hardy, resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust; forms with good crossability with rye and Aegilops species. Among the endemic Chinese wheat, an important place belongs to the Chinese Spring variety which played an outstanding role in wheat genetics; super dwarfs Tom Pouce and Tibetan Dwarf; three-grain wheat, in which 3 grains are formed in one flower; Charklyk ancient wheat – a boneless form of polonicum wheat; dwarf blue wheat turgidum – with a strong waxy coating; Taigu-Male-Sterile Wheat – with gene male sterility; a wheats having species and subspecies status: wheat of Petropavlovskyi – Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch.; Tibetan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. tibetanum (Shao) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov .; Yunnan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. yunnanse (King ex S.L. Chen) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov. The origin and genetic characteristics of China's endemic wheats are discussed. Conclusions. China's wheat endemics need careful study and conservation as a reserve of valuable genes and their complexes for breeding, and as an embodiment of the history, culture, talent and work of the people who created them, and an integral part of human cultural heritage.
Introduction of new niche crop sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Mozgovska A. V. , Ivchenko T. V. , Bashtan N. A. , Miroshnichenko T. M.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To analyze introduced sweet potato accessions in the conditions of cultivation in the Left-Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Results and Discussion. Thirteen introduced sweet potato accessions bred in Ukraine and other countries were evaluated in the conditions of the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. We found that the genotypes greatly differed in the growing period length, biometric parameters of plants and performance. Early-ripening accessions were V-1, V-6, A-7, Bonita; mid-ripening - Orlean, D-2 and Murasaki. Late-ripening accessions were the most numerous: Betty, Purpur, Blanka, J-12, Eernandes, and Okinawa. The stem length varied a lot. All the mid-ripening accessions formed long, climbing stems. The variability range was analyzed for the number of additional shoots, internode length, leaf number, root tuber shape, and pulp color. The highest yield of sweet potato root tubers was obtained from dessert accession D-2 (112 t/ha), with a marketability of 88%. Table accession V-6 also gave a high yield (87 t/ha), and the marketability of root tubers was 81%. Based on to the research results, two applications for new varieties of sweet potato, Admiral (obtained by clone breeding, selection from the D-2 genotype) and Slobozhanskiy Rubin (selection from the V-6 genotype), were submitted.
Conclusions. Thirteen introduced sweet potato accessions bred in Ukraine and other countries were evaluated in the conditions of the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It was found that the genotypes greatly differed in the growing period length, biometric parameters of plants and performance. Based on to the research results, two applications for new varieties of sweet potato, Admiral (obtained by clone breeding, selection from the D-2 genotype) and Slobozhanskiy Rubin (multi-year selection from the V-6 genotype), were submitted.
Keywords: Ipomoea batatas L., sweet potato, introduction, niche crops, genotype.
Virus resistance of potato genetic diversity under climate change
Authors: Bondus R.O. , Kharchenko Yu.V. , Mishchenko L. T.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To determine the resistance of potato gene pool accessions to viruses in the southern forest-steppe of Ukraine and to select starting material for breeding.
Results and Discussion. Our analysis of the climate changes for the period of 1955–2018 revealed that the unfavorable weather/climatic conditions during spring planting of tubers, as a result of which weakened plants were more easily depressed by viral infections, were the primary cause of potato cacogenesis in the southern forest-steppe of Ukraine. It was found that significant deviations from the multi-year average temperature and amount of precipitation contributed to the intense mass manifestation of symptoms of viral diseases or under favorable weather/climatic conditions, on the contrary, viral diseases were not visually detected. Studies have shown that the main factor in resistance to viral degeneration of potato varieties is the genotype, and its development and expression depend on growing conditions. It is also important to take into account emergence of new strains of viruses requiring continuous monitoring. Virus resistance of the varieties was visually determined. In order to identify viruses and study their morphology, electron microscopy, EIA and PCR were used.
Conclusions. As a result of the study, sources of high field resistance to leaf-rolling, potato rugose and streak mosaics, which are valuable starting material for further practical use in breeding, as well as in scientific and educational programs, were identified.
Analysis of Cannabis sativa L. Collection accessions for cannabinoid contens and chemotype
Authors: Kyrychenko H. I. , Laiko I. M. , Mishchenko . S. V.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To investigate hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) collection accessions of different genetic and eco-geographical origin in terms of major cannabinoid compound contents – cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabigerol (CBG), to establish chemotypes of the accessions and correlations between cannabinoid contents.
Results and Discussion. Fifty five hemp accessions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The identified cannabinoid compounds showed variability. The CBD content ranged from 0.0052 to 1.7251 %; the THC content  from 0.0000 (complete absence) to 0.0775 % (does not exceed the law-allowable level); and the CBG content  from 0.0000 (complete absence) to 0.8892 %. Twenty-one accessions (38 %), ВО203327, ЮС 12, UF0600047, Odnodomni 8, ВО78142, ВО5799, UF0600145, UF0600146, ВО2539, UF0600183, YuS 58, Malo-Perevozskaya, Hibryd 3, Yuzhnaya Bolshe-Pisarevskaya, Almetyevskaya, UF0600253, Santika, Lipko, Silvana, Fedora 17, and Vera, were distinguished due to high CBD content. Nine accessions (16.4 %), YuSO 31, Hlukhivski 51, Hliana, Kirovskaya К-314, Mykolaichyk, Artemida, Harmoniia, Mih 2, and Hlukhivski 85 had no THC at al. Three accessions (5.4 % of the total), UF0600253, Mozdokskaya and VIK CBN, were distinguished because of high CBG content.
Conclusions. The accessions distinguished were recommended for use in practical breeding, in particular for developing medicinal varieties with a high content of CBD and/or wiithout CBG or THC. The analyzed accessions belonged to 3 hemp сhemotypes: III (36 accessions or 65.5 %), IV (1 accession or 1.8 %) and V (18 accessions or 32.7 % of the total). Strong correlations between CBD and THC and no relationships between CBG and other cannabinoid compounds have been established. Chemotype III accessions showed weaker correlations compared with chemotype V. This pattern should be taken into account, when selecting starting forms for breeding.
The effect of hulls on longevity of hulled wheats seeds in the conditions of accelerated aging
Authors: Skorokhodov M.Yu. , Bohuslavskyi R. L.
Published: June 2020

The Aim is to determine effect of hulls presence on hulled wheats seeds on their longevity.
Results and discussion. In representatives of hulled wheat species T. monococcum, T. dicoccum cv. Polba 3 and T. spelta cv. Frankenkorn, the seeds with removed hulls had in the control and experimental variants higher germination energy and germination level than the seeds in hulls. In the control variant, the positive reaction to the removal of hulls from the seeds in diploid species T. monococcum was more significant (germination energy and germination level increased respectively by 22% and 13%), than the samples of polyploid species T. dicoccum and T. spelta (increase by 3% – 10%). Under accelerated aging, on the contrary, removal of the hulls had a stronger positive effect in the polyploid species (the increase was from 21.7% to 34.0%) than on the diploid species (the increase was by 2% and 12%). Removing the hulls from the grains of the hulled wheats accessions ambiguously affected the length of the primary roots and leaves. In the control variant, in T. monococcum, length of the primary roots in the dehulled seeds did not change compared to the undehulled seeds; in the emmer and spelt it decreased. Under the conditions of accelerated aging, removal of the hulls affected the length of the primary roots in einkorn negatively, in the emmer and spelt – there was no impact. In most cases, removal of hulls had a positive effect on the primary leaf length, with the exception of the emmer variety Polba 3 in the control – decrease by 1,5%). The possible connection of this phenomenon with the presence of inhibitors in wheat hulls established by researchers is discussed.
Conclusions. In the representatives of hulled wheat species T. monococcum, T. dicoccum Polba 3 and T. spelta Frankenkorn, the seeds freed from hulls are more longevous than the seeds in hulls.
COMBINED EFFECT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN FORMS AND SHUNGITE ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CYANOBACTERIA
Authors: Dallakyan G. A.
Published: June 2020

It has been shown that hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and shungite affect the development of the population of cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in different directions. The growth of cyanobacteria culture slows down in the presence of photosensitizer and hydrogen peroxide. In this case, the number of cells depends on the amount of shungite in the environment. Cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grow better in the presence of 10 g/L shungite, but growth is suppressed at 100 g/L. Shungite at 10 g/L protectes cultures from the toxic effects of Bengal pink and hydrogen peroxide, which was determined by the level of photosynthesis efficiency and cell amounts. The growth of Anabaena variabilis (in terms of optical density at 680 nm) has been found to slow down in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide relative to the control. The growth of Anabaena variabilis in the presence of shungite and hydrogen peroxide is restored to the level of control samples. The number of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells slows down significantly in the presence of singlet oxygen. Being combined with singlet oxygen, shungite partially inactivates the action of Bengal pink. At the end of the experiment, the growth of the culture is restored to 60% compared to the control. A similar relationship is observed when evaluating the effectiveness of photosynthesis of cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Thus, singlet oxygen is more toxic than hydrogen peroxide. This may be due to different mechanisms of action of hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen on cyanobacteria growth. Depending on the content in the water, shungite can stimulate or inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria cells, inactivate the action of a toxicant.
ABOUT MEASURES TO REDUCE THE RISK OF CYANOTOXINS EXPOSURE TO THE HEALTH OF POPULATION BY REGULATING PHOSPHATES IN SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS
Authors: Khamidulina Kh. Kh. , Proskurina A. S.
Published: June 2020

Currently, the environmental problem of the eutrophication of water bodies caused by anthropogenic factors and to the greatest extent pollution by synthetic detergents with a high phosphorus content is becoming increasingly acute. The amount of phosphorus entering the water bodies from synthetic detergents is 95% of its total amount. The rapid development of algae and the «blooming of water» lead to an increase in the population of cyanobacteria capable of releasing toxins that are dangerous to humans, including hepato-, neuro- and cytotoxins. In order to minimize phosphate pollution of water bodies, the world community is actively replacing phosphoruscontaining compounds in synthetic detergents with phosphate-free ones. This was reflected in the proposals of Rospotrebnadzor in terms of toughening the requirements to the content of phosphates in detergents in draft EAEU TR «On the safety of synthetic detergents and household chemical goods», setting them at 0.5%. Manufacturers and regulators in four EAEU States, with the exception of the Republic of Kazakhstan, supported the proposed value. In addition, in order to regulate the cyanotoxin’s content the Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances of Rospotrebnadzor recommended setting the microcystin-LR MAC in the water for domestic, drinking and cultural purposes and drinking water at a level of 0.001 mg/L, a limiting indicator of harmfulness - sanitary-toxicological, hazard class 1.
Tinjauan Batas Usia Perkawinan Dalam Persfektif Psikologis dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Alexander Ongky
Published: June 2020

Psychologically, Human Age Limits include, First, Childhood. Second, Adolescence, Third Adulthood, Fourth, Old Age. At the Adult Stage is calculated at the age of 21 years to about 40 years. Means that the age of marriage aged 19 years does not include the adult category. In general, marriage problems between men and women are not seen from the age factor but age limits affect the maturity of thinking and human development psychologically. Especially in the case of marriages that need to be considered is the age of maturity, since the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriages, the current marriage age limit between men and women is equal to the age of 19 years. Of course this becomes a problem, because at that age according to the psychological development of the ego is still relatively high. So the cause of early divorce at the age of about 25 years and over.
Need for Specialized Therapeutic Stem Cells Banks Equipped with Tumor Regression Enzymes and Anti-Tumor Genes
Authors: M Ullah
Published: June 2020

Stem cells are currently being used in many clinical trials for regenerative purposes. These are promising results for stem cells in the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. Nevertheless, there are still many variables which should be addressed before the application of stem cells for cancer treatment. One approach should be to establish well-characterized therapeutic stem cell banks to minimize the variation in results from different clinical trials and facilitate their effective use in basic and translational research.