bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluorescein and fluorescein glucuronide in plasma after intravenous injection of fluorescein
Authors: Larsen M. , Loft S. , Hommel Eva , Lund‐Andersen H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract.After intravenous injection of fluorescein the time‐course of the plasma concentrations of fluorescein (F) and fluorescein glucuronide (FG) was studied in 18 insulin‐dependent diabetics with various degrees of nephropathy, and in two non‐diabetic subjects. Fifteen minutes after injection the molar concentrations of free (non‐protein bound) F and FG were almost identical. After one hour the concentration curve integrals of the two substances were of the same magnitude. There was, however, considerable interindividual variation. In diabetic patients with renal insufficiency an increase was found in both integrals, the F integral being less increased (27%) than the FG integral (44%). It appears from the variation in absolute and relative concentrations of F and FG that a separate determination of the two fluorophores in plasma is desirable, when F is used by intravenous administration as an indicator of blood‐ocular barrier function. Previous observations of an increase with time after injection of the free fraction of plasma fluorescence are explained by the finding of a higher free fraction of FG (34%) than of F (11%) and a change in relative concentrations of the two fluorophores.
Smear and imprint technique in malignant melanoma of the eye
Authors: Fuchs Ulrich
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Cell smears and imprints of malignant uveal melanomas give additional information about cell morphology as compared to routine histology and electron microscopy. They also allow histochemical procedures without the need to cut the specimens. Moreover, they are economical, and rapid to perform. Differentiation between melanoma cells, white blood cells and endothelial cells is made possible by using antibodies to each cell type, and such preparations are especially suitable for immunohistochemical studies, since tissue processing is avoided. In addition to the study of melanoma cells, this method should merit more attention in ophthalmic pathology than it hitherto has received.
Ophthalmology in mentally retarded adults
Authors: Jacobson Lena
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Examination of 228 mentally retarded adults revealed that every fourth person in the group had a considerable visual handicap. In some of these cases this handicap was previously unknown. More than half of the examined had one or more ocular disorders. In 12 cases there was need for surgery. Fourteen eyes have subsequently been operated on, all without complications. Eight of these operations resulted in improved vision. Considerable refractive errors were found in 54 of the examined. In 70 cases glasses were prescribed, and in a majority of these cases the glasses were worn.
Comparison of topical timolol vs betaxolol on cardiopulmonary exercise performance in healthy volunteers
Authors: Dickstein K. , Hapnes R. , Aarsland T. , Kristianson K. , Viksmoen L.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The effects of topical timolol vs betaxolol on cardiopulmonary exercise performance were studied in a randomised double‐masked fashion in 12 healthy male volunteers. Cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated at the anaerobic threshold and at peak exercise. Intraocular pressure was determined before and after treatment by applanation tonometry. No differences were found in aerobic or peak exercise capacity. Maximal heart rate was slightly lower (P ≶ 0.05) following treatment with timolol compared with betaxolol. However, a correspondingly higher oxygen pulse (oxygen uptake/heart rate) compensated for this reduction and resulted in no difference in peak performance. At physiological work levels, it was not possible to demonstrate any influence of topical, selective or non‐selective, beta‐adrenergic blockade on cardiopulmonary exercise performance in these healthy volunteers.
The Middle‐Norway eye‐screening study
Authors: Ringvold A. , Blika S. , Elsås T. , Guldahl J. , Brevik T. , Hesstvedt P. , Johnsen H. , Hoff K. , Høisen H. , Kjørsvik S. , Rossvoll I.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. This is the first population‐based PE prevalence study allowing comparison of observations from different geographical areas. The prevalence of the PE syndrome for persons above 64 years of age was found to be 10.2, 21.0 and 19.6% in three municipalities lying distinctly apart. Of 343 married couples the man was PE‐positive in 36, the woman in 34, and both in 12 cases. One of the 12 couples was excluded because the spouses were cousins. The observed number of 11 couples is significantly higher (P = 0.022) than expected assuming independent occurrence of PE syndrome. Two homozygote pairs of twins were found in this material, both of them discordant for the presence of PE syndrome. This fact along with the discrepancy between observed and expected numbers of PE positivity in both spouses may indicate environmental influence on the distribution of the syndrome.
Nuclear cataract ‐ a microradiographic study
Authors: Palmquist B.‐M. , Philipson Bo , Fagerholm Per
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Nuclear cataract is a common type of senile cataract characterized by an increased turbidity and often a yellow to brown pigmentation of the nucleus. Twenty‐one human lenses with different degrees of nuclear turbidity were, after intracapsular cataract extraction, examined by a quantitative microradiographic technique. The dry mass concentration was determined along the lens axis, and revealed an overall distribution similar to the normal lens. The concentration increased from the poles towards the center of the lens, to reach a mean level of 0.47 g cm−3 (range 0.38‐0.55). Though the appearance of the nucleus as well as the dry mass were relatively uniform. In addition, different types of formations with reduced or increased dry mass were found in the nucleus. The location of these formations are described and their nature discussed.
Cartographic deformations in a parabolic visual field map
Authors: Lindblom Bertil
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Visual fields are traditionally represented in the polar azimuthal equidistant projection. In this map, field areas are increasingly exaggerated with increasing visual angle. To facilitate description of central field defects, enlargement of the central visual field by a parabolic, non‐linear projection has been proposed. The cartographic deformations associated with this projection were studied by using mathematical isopter models. A change from equidistant to parabolic projection not only altered relative isopter sizes but also their shapes. Also, the normal nasal‐temporal asymmetry was obscured. Thus, the parabolic projection may conceal some types of visual field defects, e.g. loss of the temporal cresent. Neither projection represented surface areas correctly. It is argued that the area‐true Lambert's projection would be ideal for visual field representation.
Visual acuity testing of young children with the Cambridge Crowding Cards at 3 and 6 m
Authors: Atkinson J. , Anker S. , Evans C. , Hall R. , Pimm‐Smith E.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Keywords: A modification of the single optotype Sheridan Gardiner test for pre‐school children has been used to measure visual crowding. A significant ‘crowding effect’ has been found in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years with a general decrease in the effect over the pre‐school years. The ‘crowding’ in 5–7 year olds is not significantly greater than that found in adults. No significant difference has been found in the extent of crowding using the test at 3 m rather than the normal 6 m viewing distance, although in general the test has been found to be practically easier with better co‐operation at 3 m for the younger children. For these reasons, this particular test at 3 m would seem to be well suited to acuity testing in pre‐school children, when an acuity equivalent to Snellen values is required.
Early detection of primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Authors: Alsbirk Poul Helge
Published: May 2009

Abstract In an unselected population of 541 Greenland Eskimos, a survey was performed aiming at early primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG) detection. Of the men 162/274 and women 182/267 were above the age of 40. The ophthalmological examination included slit‐lamp grading of limbal chamber depth (LCD), axial Haag Streit pachymetric chamber depth (ACD) measurement and direct gonioscopy in all shallow chamber cases. Dark room prone position provocative tests were extensively used in suspects. In 3 men and 5 women PACG was diagnosed, giving, above age 40, a prevalence of 2% in men (3/ 162) and increasing the PACG prevalence to 10% in women (18/182) as 13 were known a priori. PACG suspects, needing prophylactical iridectomy or pilocarpine, constituted 1 man and 6 women. Furthermore, narrow angles were found in 14 men and 27 women above age 40, and so far untreated. On the present background of highly effective surgical and YAG‐laser iridectomy facilities in early PACG, local, other arctic and global prevention of blindness aspects are briefly discussed, with a special outlook to SE‐Asia.
Economic evaluation of cataract surgery: A comparison between IOL and non‐IOL techniques
Authors: Tuominen Risto , Immonen Ilkka , Raivio Ilkka
Published: May 2009

Abstract Using a sample of 116 patients, 53 of whom had undergone cataract extraction without IOL implantation, and 63 of whom had been treated by IOL implantation, a retrospective evaluation of differences in economic effects was performed. The use of non‐IOL technique was cheaper for the hospital, but the overall costs for society were soon higher, mainly as a result of the significantly higher costs of obtaining contact lenses and spectacles in the non‐IOL group. The longer we expect cataract surgery patients to live post‐operatively the greater will be the difference in favour of using the IOL technique. The estimated annual savings to society for every 875 patients operated would be from FIM 5 million to FIM 26.5 million if non‐IOL technique was used and from FIM 10.5 million to FIM 28.5 million with IOL surgery. Cataract surgery, and especially with IOL technique, seems to be an operation resulting in substantial savings to society.
Orbital fibrous histiocytoma in an infant
Authors: LarkinMRCP D. F. P. , O'Donoghue H. N. , Mullaney J. , Breatnach F.
Published: May 2009

Abstract A rare case of fibrous histiocytoma in an infant is described. The tumour appeared to arise in the medial orbit, invading the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Surgical and medical management, and the subsequent clinical course in a 11 year follow‐up period are described. Histogenesis of this primary mesenchymal tumour is discussed. ‐
Accumulation of glycation products in α‐H pig lens crystallin and its bearing to diabetic cataract genesis
Authors: Vidal P. , Cabezas‐Cerrato J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract The incorporation of 14C‐glucose in native pig crystallin by in vitro incubation was found, after subsequent dialysis, to affect all 5 classes of crystallin separated by Sepharose CL‐6B column chromatography. Though the radioactivity of the α‐H fraction was three times greater than that of any of the others, autoradiographs of SDS‐PAGE gels showed 14C‐glucose adducts to be present in all soluble protein subunits, without there being any evidence of preferential glycation of the α‐H subunits. The concentration of stable glycation products in the α‐H Chromatographic fraction of soluble crystalline is suggested to be due the addition of glycated material to this fraction as result of glycation‐induced hyperaggregation, and not because the α‐H subunits were especially susceptible to glycation. ‐
Histopathology of enucleated intraocular melanomas irradiated with cobalt and ruthenium plaques
Authors: Fuchs Ulrich , Kivelä Tero , Tarkkanen Ahti , Laatikainen Leila
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Eight malignant uveal melanomas irradiated with Stallard's 60Co applicator or Lommatzsch's 106Ru/10 6Rh applicator were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to analyse tumour cell morphology, antigenic expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in relation to radiation dose. The tumours were enucleated 1 to 24 months after irradiation because they did not regress or continued to grow. One patient has later died of metastatic disease. Eight uveal melanomas that were not irradiated were studied for comparative purposes. Radiation necrosis was found only in two cases. In four irradiated and in one control melanoma conspicuous collagen fibres were present in the basal part of the tumour. No difference was noted between the two groups in the number of mitotic figures or in the morphology of tumour cells. In all cases but one, more than half of the tumour cells were variably positive for S‐100 protein. Neuron‐specific enolase‐positive melanoma cells were few in number and occurred in small clusters, and were somewhat more common in irradiated cases. A few lymphocytes and macrophages, which were preferentially found near the choroid, infiltrated every melanoma, but only single cells were associated with radiation necrosis. A mild scleritis near the tumour was present irrespective of irradiation. Although the melanomas were quite large for irradiation, the lack of necrosis in optimally irradiated basal parts of the tumour additionally indicates substantial radioresistance.
Argon laser lesions in the human RPE in vitro
Authors: Nicolaissen B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Argon laser lesions were produced in human retinas in eyes to be enucleated because of choroidal melanomas. Lesions were subsequently isolated and maintained in vitro for one month and evaluated by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In the cultured lesions ingrowing cells with a well recognizable epithelial morphology were observed to cover Bruch's membrane in the photocoagulated area, and to grow as sheets on sensory retinal tissue and on detached necrotic pigment epithelium. This growth was predominantly monolayered. In areas, however, overlapping, detachment of cells from the epithelium into the photocoagulated debris, and formation of tubulovescicular structures were observed. The present study demonstrates that lesions with a known potential for reactive changes in the retinal pigment epithelium in vivo can be isolated and cultured with a maintained potential for some of the typical reactive patterns. This opens for investigations on their genesis and on agents modifying these patterns under controlled in vitro conditions.
Congenital sensory neuropathy
Authors: Pinckers A. , Bosch A. A. I. van't Pad , Aandekerk A. L. , Cruysberg J. R. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The authors examined a patient presenting with congenital sensory neuropathy with selective loss of small myelinated nerve fibres. The appearance of (bilaterial) keratitis or corneal ulceration in early childhood is strongly suggestive of congenital corneal anaesthesia. Concomitant symptoms such as anisocoria, abnormal pupillary reaction, diminished tear production and disturbed sensibility to pain and temperature point to a generalized disease: one of the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. In order to establish a definite diagnosis, elaborate neurological examination, including ultrastructural study of a musclenerve biopsy, is required. Tarsorrhaphy, therapeutic flushfitting PMMA scleral lenses and hydrophilic HEMA contact lenses are advocated, in order to protect the cornea. The results with high‐water‐content hydrophilic contact lenses are promising, those of keratoplasty limited.
Corneal endothelium in Marfan syndrome A clinical and specular microscopic study
Authors: Setälä Kirsi , Ruusuvaara Pekka , Karjalainen Kari
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Marfan syndrome is classified as a heritable disorder of connective tissue, and it has been assumed to be an inborn error of protein metabolism particularly in collagen or elastin. We examined 41 Marfan syndrome patients and found in the corneal endothelium guttata‐formation, considerable cell pleomorphism, non‐reflecting endothelial black spots and in some cases abnormal looking endothelial cells. The relation of pathological endothelium to lens subluxation, axial length and other corneal findings is discussed.
Chronic bacterial endophthalmitis in pseudophakia
Authors: Pedersen O. Øyvind
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The present report describes a case of bacterial endophthalmitis which was suppressed with topical and systemic corticosteroids for 3 1/2 months in the belief that the uveitis was a sterile reaction. Subsequent pars plana vitrectomy and microbiological work‐up disclosed an infection with coagulase‐negative staphylococci. The patient was treated with intraocular and systemic antibiotics, and the inflammation settled rapidly. It is concluded that infectious endophthalmitis should be suspected after intraocular surgery when the intraocular inflammation is unexpectedly exaggerated. A diagnosis of sterile uveitis should be made only after careful evaluation which includes a proper microbiological work‐up.
Clinical trial of sustained‐release artificial tears in keratoconjunctivitis sicca and Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Lindahl Göran , Calissendorff Berit , Carle Berit
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The effect of sustained‐release artificial tear inserts on symptoms and signs of reduced tear production in keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) was evaluated in an open clinical trial including 30 patients. A significant relief of sicca symptoms and a decrease in keratoconjunctival staining were seen in 10 patients fulfilling the study, whereas no significant effect on Schirmer test and tear break‐up‐time could be detected, neither in patients with pure KCS nor with KCS as a manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome. Twenty patients (67%) withdrew due to adverse effects, which were reported in total 80% of the patients. Absence of measurable tear secretion predicted treatment failure. Due to the frequent side effects, the artificial tear inserts cannot be recommended as a first line treatment in KCS patients.
Corneal sensation in acute angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Patel B. C. K. , Tullo A. B.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Corneal sensation was found to be decreased in eyes affected by acute angle closure glaucoma. In those patients with a short history (less than four days) the difference in sensation between the two eyes was only detectable using the Cochet‐Bonnet aesthesiometer and not by using cotton wool. Patients with a longer history had a more marked decrease in corneal sensation that was detectable by both methods. Corneal sensation in both groups tended to recover partially on normalization of the intraocular pressure.
Simultaneous recording of visual evoked potentials and electroretinograms in patients with unilateral opaque media
Authors: Mashima Yukihiko , Matsuhashi Masakazu , Oguchi Yoshihisa
Published: May 2009

Abstract. We studied the correlation between pre‐operative visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and postoperative visual acuities in patients with unilateral opaque media. The fellow eye was used as the control. The filtering effect due to opaque media could be assessed on the basis of the difference of the electroretinogram (ERG) threshold in the two eyes. ‘Modified VEPs’ were then calculated by eliminating the assessed filtering effects, which improved our ability to detect the potential for visual recovery. In the normal eye, the stimulus threshold for VEP is lower than that for ERG by 2 or 3 log units. Therefore should a higher stimulus threshold be found for VEP than ERG, severe optic nerve damage is highly probable in eyes with media opacties.
The corneal endothelium following autokeratoplasty
Authors: Matsuda Mamoru , Manabe Reizo
Published: May 2009

Abstract. An autokeratoplasty was performed on the left eye of a 64‐year‐old female, with the graft transferred from the contralateral, blind eye. The endothelial morphology and thickness of the central cornea were studied pre‐operatively and yearly for 6 years after surgery. The endothelial cell density decreased rapidly during the first 2 years post‐operatively (55.5%), after which cell loss occurred at a considerably slower rate (about 2% of the pre‐operative cell density per year). During the observation period, the coefficient of variation in cell size stayed relatively constant (approximately 0.3). When the corneal thickness returned to normal 2 months after surgery, the endothelium showed a significant decrease in the percentage of hexagonal cells (15.0%). Between 2 months and 2 years post‐operatively, the percentage of hexagonal cells gradually returned to normal. These endothelial changes noted are remarkably similar to those previously seen in homografts, suggesting that cell damage due to immunologic reactions may not be a major factor in long‐term endothelial changes after homografting.
Retinopathy after low dose irradiation for an intracranial tumor of the frontal lobe
Authors: Elsås Tor , Thorud Erik , Jetne Vidar , Conradi Ingrid Slørdal
Published: May 2009

Abstract. A 32‐year‐old man underwent an operation for an oligodendroglioma of the left frontal lobe. Post‐operatively he was irradiated to a target dose of 54 Gy. One year later he developed bilateral retinopathy quite similar to diabetic retinopathy. There were no clinical or biochemical signs of diabetes or hematological disease. The calculated maximum dose to the retina was 11 Gy. This is to our knowledge the lowest retinal dose of ionizing radiation reported to produce retinopathy.
Suprasellar meningioma 47 years after bilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: Karjalainen Kari , Tarkkanen Ahti , Merenmies Lauri
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Development of an additional primary tumour, a suprasellar meningioma, is reported 47 years after successful treatment of bilateral retinoblastoma. The left eye of the patient was enucleated at the age of 1.5 years and the left orbit radiated with a total dose of 1200 rads. The right eye was treated by orthovoltage radiation only at the age of 4 years, the total dose being 5100 rads. The right eye became blind and phthisical, and it was enucleated at the age of 42 years. No active retinoblastoma was found. At the age of 48 years a large suprasellar meningioma was diagnosed and partially removed.
Impact of aging and gender on the lg‐containing cell profile of the lacrimal gland
Authors: Hann Louane E. , Allansmith Mathea R. , Sullivan David A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The present study investigated the influence of age and gender on the number of IgA‐ and IgM‐containing cells in the lacrimal gland. Tissues were obtained from male and female rats at 0.2 (infant), 0.6 (pre‐pubertal), 1.3 (pubertal), 3 (adult), 8 (mid‐life) and 17 (senescent) months of age, then processed for immunofluorescence microscopy. No IgA‐containing cells could be detected in lacrimal glands from infant rats, but a significant accumulation had occurred by 0.6 months of age. The extent of this increase was gender‐dependent: tissues from male rats had significantly higher IgA‐positive cell densities than those of females. After 0.6 months of age, no further variations in the density of IgA‐containing lymphocytes were observed in female gland. In contrast, male glands exhibited marked fluctuations in the density of IgA‐containing lymphocytes during the time period spanning puberty (0.6 → 3 months). Of interest, the frequency distibution of IgA‐containing cells in tissue sections was not uniform in rats older than 0.2 months. Correction of cell densities for age‐related elevations in lacrimal gland weight demonstrated that the total accumulation of IgA‐containing cells was both age‐ and gender‐related. Highest cell numbers were attained at 3 months in females and 3 and 17 months in males. Moreover, at all assessed ages, the total IgA‐containing cell number in glands of males was greater than, or equal to, that in tissues of females. In contrast to the IgA‐positive cell profile, no age‐ or gender‐associated differences were apparent in the number of IgM‐containing cells in the lacrimal gland. These findings demonstrate that both age and gender exert a significant impact on the population of IgA‐, but not IgM‐, containing cells in lacrimal tissue.
Regional sensitivity to hypoglycemia within the rabbit lens epithelium
Authors: Fagerholm Per , Chylack Leo T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Paired rabbit lenses were kept in organ culture; one of the lenses was subjected to hypoglycemia, and the other served as control. The lens changes were followed and examined by photomacrography, light microscopy of the intact lens, and light and electron microscopy at different time intervals. The possibility of reversing the morphological changes was evaluated at different times by replacing the hypoglycemic medium with a normal glycemic one. The central zone of the lens epithelium was affected first through the formation of large extracellular vacuoles. These changes were reversible. Subsequently, the central lens epithelial cells showed severe swelling and breakdown of the lens membranes. These changes were not reversible. With time the epithelial changes spread from the central zone towards the equator. Lens fiber swelling followed the severe epithelial damage. These findings show that there is a regional sensitivity to hypoglycemia within the lens epithelium. The results are discussed in relation to hexokinase activity.
Changes in corneal endothelium after treatment of retinal detachment with intraocular silicone oil
Authors: Setälä Kirsi , Ruusuvaara Pekka , Punnonen Eeva , Laatikainen Leila
Published: May 2009

Abstract Keratopathy represents one of the most frequent late complications in eyes with complicated retinal detachment treated with intraocular silicone oil. Corneal examinations including endothelial specular photography were done on 18 silicone treated eyes, 16 of which were aphakic. In addition to widespread silicone oil endothelial contact in 2 eyes, a bubble or droplets of silicone oil were observed in the anterior chamber in 8 eyes. The mean endothelial cell density was lower in the silicone eyes (2076 ± 196 cells/mm2) as compared to the control fellow eyes (2738 ± 86 cells/mm2) (P=0.004). In eyes with silicone oil in the anterior chamber the endothelial cell density was significantly decreased (1857 ± 232 cells/mm2) (P=0.005). Obvious endothelial degeneration was noticed when silicone oil had been in the eye for more than a year. Also small droplets of oil with transient contact contributed to its development.
Early morphological changes of intracellular bacteria in Salmonella typhimurium infection of the guinea pig conjunctival epithelium
Authors: Latkovic Stefan , Wrigstad Anders
Published: May 2009

Abstract Conjunctival epithelium of the guinea pig was incubated with a virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS for 1 h. Intracellular bacteria were observed in superficial and intermediate cell layers, but not in basal cells. The majority of the bacteria were located within primary or secondary phagosomes; a few were seen free in the cytoplasm. A number of intraphagosomal bacteria showed morphological signs of degradation. Ultrastructurally, the initial phases of Salmonella typhimurium infection of the guinea pig conjunctival epithelium appear to be consistent with endocytic uptake of bacteria by the epithelial cells, followed by their degradation in secondary phagosomes. The conjunctival epithelial cells seem able to inactivate a certain number of virulent bacteria and thus, to a degree, to control the infection in its early phase with defence mechanisms pertaining to the cells themselves, without support from the professional phagocytic cells.
Intraocular lens power calculation
Authors: Rouhiainen Harri J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Two hundred and two consecutive intraocular lens (IOL) implantations, the lens power being predicted with the SRK‐method, are retrospectively analyzed, and the factors possibly influencing the error in IOL power prediction are evaluated. The actual post‐operative refraction is compared to the expected refraction for each IOL and to a hypothetical refraction that would have been obtained by a standard‐power IOL implant. Axial length measurement and a high pre‐ and post‐operative astigmatic error, along with low‐ and high power IOL predictions, are the factors that most influence the post‐operative refractive error. A similar distribution of post‐operative refraction could have been obtained by using a standard‐power IOL instead of pre‐operative calculation.
Acute retinal necrosis syndrome treated with vitrectomy and intravenous acyclovir
Authors: Immonen Ilkka , Laatikainen Leila , Linnanvuori Kimmo
Published: May 2009

Abstract Acute retinal necrosis syndrome in a healthy 32‐year‐old man was treated successfully with systemic acyclovir and corticosteroids in combination with vitrectomy, 360° encircling band and transscleral cryocoagulation. Herpes simplex virus antibodies were detected in the vitrectomy aspirate supporting the current view that acute retinal necrosis is caused by viruses of the herpes group.
The influence of aniseikonia on the VEP by random‐dot stereogram
Authors: Oguchi Yoshihisa , Mashima Yukihiko
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Static random‐dot stereograms were employed to evaluate the unequal input between two eyes, both objectively by VEP and psychophysically. In subjects with normal binocular function, different levels of artificial aniseikonia (from 2% to 15%) were established by placing several levels of size lenses in front of one eye. Binocular summation in amplitude in the VEP was observed below 5% aniseikonia, and the binocular inhibition took place above 5% aniseikonia. Psychophysically, perception of stereopsis could be maintained between 3% and 5% aniseikonia, but disappeared above 5% aniseikonia. Electrophysiological findings of binocular interaction caused by aniseikonia corresponded to the psychophysical findings, and stereoscopic perception was obtained only in the case of binocular summation in the VEP. In the present study, the amount of tolerable aniseikonia in order to maintain stereopsis was considered to be below 5%.
Fluorescein and fluorescein glucuronide in vitreous: fluorescence and binding properties in vitro
Authors: Larsen Michael , Lund‐Andersen Henrik
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The total and ultrafiltrable fluorescence were measured after disodium fluorescein and fluorescein monoglucuronide were added to aliquots of human and porcine vitreous, and to aliquots of phosphate buffer with and without 0.2% sodium hyaluronate. No significant binding or quenching of F or FG by vitreous or sodium hyaluronate could be found, indicating that vitreous binding is not a source of error in vitreous fluorometry.
Sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Authors: Sand B. B. , Marner K. , Norn M. S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The effect of sodium hyaluronate eye drops in the treatment of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) was evaluated in a double masked crossover trial, comparing the effect of a 0.1% solution, a 0.2% solution and placebo in 20 patients. We found significantly decreased rose bengal staining and increased break‐up time following 0.2% treatment compared to placebo. No significant difference was found in the Schirmer values and the cornea sensitivity. The patients significantly preferred sodium hyaluronate treatment. We conclude that sodium hyaluronate eye drops seem to be a valuable new agent in the management of KCS.
Lack of diffuse loss of differential light sensitivity in early glaucoma
Authors: Heijl Anders
Published: May 2009

Abstract. We studied the differential light sensitivity in 83 patients who were prospectively followed with computerized threshold perimetry and optic disc photography because of suspect glaucoma. Eyes with media opacities were excluded from the analysis. Fourteen eyes developed progressive optic disc cupping and/or localized visual field loss. In this glaucoma group light sensitivity in the 10 best points in the visual field did not deviate more from estimated age‐corrected standard values than in the remaining groups of 115 eyes with increased intraocular pressure and 18 normotensive eyes. The results do not support the concept that diffuse loss of differential light sensitivity should be common in early glaucoma.
Non‐quantitative morphologic features in normal and glaucomatous optic discs
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Nguyen Nhung X. , Naumann Gottfried O. H.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Glaucoma is associated with changes of the optic disc topography. Using color stereo photographs we examined non‐quantitative signs in 584 optic discs of 308 patients with chronic primary open‐angle glaucoma and in 383 optic discs of 236 age and refraction matched normal subjects. Only one eye per patient and normal subject was chosen for statistical analysis. Highest predictive value to differentiate between normal and glaucoma eyes had the parameters ‘changes in the juxtapapillary retinal nerve fiber layer’ (86.7%), ‘abnormal size (79.8%) and abnormal location (68.6%) of the parapapillary chorio‐retinal atrophy’, ‘smallest neuroretinal rim part outside of the temporal horizontal disc sector’ (78.5%), and ‘area with cupping larger than area with pallor’ (68.2%). Characteristics with high specificity and low sensitivity were ‘optic disc haemorrhages’, ‘bared cilioretinal arteries’, and ‘bared circumlinear vessels’. With their evaluation being independent of sophisticated techniques the non‐quantitative parameters are helpful for the ad hoc diagnosis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage.
Lipid peroxidation in open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Babizhayev Mark A. , Bunin Aron Ya.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. UV‐spectrophotometry and fluorescent analysis were used to study lipid extracts from lenses, aqueous humour and blocks containing trabecular and Schlemm's canal tissues, obtained from 49 eyes of patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). Accumulation of the primary, secondary, and end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff's bases) was noted in the studied extracts. Significant differences in the levels of all the mentioned LPO products in comparison with the control were observed. The data may be considered as an evidence of LPO participation in destruction of the trabecule and Schlemm's canal in POAG.
Effects of substance P on regional ocular blood flow, intraocular pressure and blood‐aqueous barrier in rabbits
Authors: Mandahl Agneta
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The effect of intracameral injection of 1.0 μg of substance P (SP) on the regional ocular blood flow in albino rabbits was investigated by a method using radioactively labelled microspheres. The mean ciliary blood flow in SP‐treated eyes was 0.163 ± 0.006 g/min and in the control eyes 0.107 ± 0.004 g/min. The flow increase was 72 ± 22%. The mean difference was 0.056 ± 0.005 g/min (P < 0.01, n = 11). Infusion of 25–40 μg of substance P into one common carotid artery over 20–45 min caused a rise in intraocular pressure of 22.5 ± 1.5 cm H2O in the ipsilateral eye and of 1.6 ± 0.2 cm H2O in the contralateral one. The mean difference was 19 ± 5.3 cm H2O (P < 0.05, n = 4). The protein concentration of the aqueous humour on the ipsilateral side was higher than on the contralateral one, and there was marked extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue in the ciliary processes in the ipsilateral eyes. Extravasation of Evans blue in the ciliary processes and a rise in intraocular pressure also occurred in two rabbits which were given in intravenous injection of SP (0.37 or 3.4 mg). It is concluded that in rabbits SP tends to increase the intraocular pressure and to cause a breakdown of the blood‐aqueous barrier and that the increase in ciliary blood flow caused by SP may play a role in these mechanisms.
Macular recovery during onset and development of diabetic retinopathy in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Frost‐Larsen Kim , Lund‐Andersen Charlotte , Starup Kirsten
Published: May 2009

Abstract. The relationship between the macular recovery recorded by nyctometry and the retinal findings was examined in 60 initially pre‐pubescent children with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus during a 6‐year period with special reference to the clinical applicability of nyctometry in selecting children and adolescents at risk of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy. At the end of the study period the mean age of the patients was 21.9 years (range 18–23 years) and the mean diabetes duration 13.2 years (range 8.1–21.2 years). At the initial recording of macular recovery, only 7% of the children showed retinopathy, and this only in the form of a few microaneurysms or dot haemorrhages. During the study period, however, nearly all (93%) developed retinopathy, and in 9 (14%) the disease progressed into proliferative retinopathy. The initially recorded macular recovery time (MRT) of those children developing proliferative retinopathy was significantly lower (616 ± 95; X ± SEM) compared to the initial MRT performances (900 ± 47) of the rest of the children. However, due to a high coefficient of variation in the material, predictive sensitivity showed low (56%) at a specificity level of 90%, suggesting that nyctometry is less suitable for selecting risk patients in children than in adults.
DNA synthesis in human retinal pigment epithelium in organ culture
Authors: Nicolaissen B. , Haaskjold E. , Fiskaadal H. J. , Vegge T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Retinal pigment epithelium from human eyes was maintained in organ culture, and DNA synthesis was visualized by autoradiography of cultures exposed to labelled thymidine. In Ham's F10 medium, labelling of cells was observed after 7 as well as after 14 days in vitro. At both stages the labelled cells were characteristically located adjacent to areas of epithelial damage. Cells remote from such areas did not incorporate thymidine. This pattern was observed in epithelia removed from the posterior pole as well as from the periphery of the fundus. Several types of routine media and media with human as well as foetal bovine serum (FBS) were found to support DNA synthesis in the cultured epithelium. Labelled cells were not observed in epithelium maintained in Ham's F10 without serum, or with low serum concentration. Our study demonstrates, that DNA synthesis does take place in organ cultured human retinal pigment epithelium when the appropriate culture conditions are used. Our findings indicate that induction of DNA synthesis in the cells is not promoted by an indiscriminate effect of the medium but related to the presence of epithelial damage.
Spontaneous repair of lower eyelid after tumour excision
Authors: Hoppenreijs Vincent P. T. , Cruysberg Johan R. M.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. Twelve patients with a clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the lower eyelid were treated with a margin‐including full‐thickness excision of the lower eyelid. Apart from cauterisation of bleeding vessels this excision was the sole primary surgical procedure in these patients. The resulting defects of 1/3 to 3/4 of the horizontal extent of the lower eyelid and varying in height from 4 to 8 mm healed spontaneously within a few weeks. The cosmetic appearance continued to improve over a further 1–2 months. There were few ocular or palpebral complications, although in one patient there was a recurrence of a basal cell carcinoma. The cosmetic and functional results were good in all patients. The surgical procedure could be performed on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia in 10–15 min.
Mucus alteration and eye dryness A possible relationship
Authors: Versura P. , Maltarello M. C. , Caramazza R. , Laschi R.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. From a very early phase we studied 15 patients suffering from a dry‐eye condition not associated to systemic diseases. Conjunctival biopsies were studied in Transmission (TEM) and Scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Moreover, the lectin‐gold cytochemistry at ultrastructural level was applied to investigate the distribution of some glycosidic receptors produced by both the goblet cells and the vesicles belonging to the Second Mucus System (SMS). No evidence of epithelial stratification and only a decrease in the goblet cell population was observed. The SMS vesicles and the superficial cell microvilli did not appear greatly reduced in number. A difference in the mucus composition in terms of content of glycosidic residues was detected in dry‐eye patients compared to the normal subjects. The role of the mucus produced by both the goblet cells and the SMS vesicles is debated. A possible correlation between the alteration of the mucus content and the failure of the tear film stability is proposed. On the basis of these data, a new therapeutic approach for eye dryness is suggested.
Observations concerning the course of glaucoma
Authors: Sonnsjö B. , Bengtsson B. , Krakau C. E. T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Four cases with glaucomatous damage to the optic nerve head preceding a rise in intraocular pressure from normal or borderline to high values, are reported. The question of whether such cases are exceptional or typical and, therefore, best explained by a coincidence of diseases or by one disease going through successive stages is discussed on the basis of 10 further cases from a population study.
Argon laser trabeculoplasty for chronic angle‐closure glaucoma uncontrolled by iridotomy
Authors: Shirakashi Motohiro , Iwata Kazuo , Nakayama Toru
Published: May 2009

Abstract Nineteen eyes of 19 Japanese patients with medically uncontrollable chronic angle‐closure glaucoma following laser iridotomy or surgical iridectomy underwent argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT), applying low‐power and a small number of laser burns over a small extent of the trabecular meshwork. All the eyes had glaucomatous optic disc damage, visual field loss, and intraocular pressure elevation before ALT. In each case, the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae was equal or less than 50% of the angle. The mean follow‐up was 35 months. Life‐table analysis (Kaplan‐Meier method) showed that the probability of success was 66% at the end of three years after ALT. It is concluded that in the cases of uncontrollable chronic angle‐closure glaucoma following laser iridotomy or surgical iridectomy, ALT should be tried before filtration surgery.
Uncomplicated retrobulbar neuritis and the development of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Anmarkrud Nils , Slettnes Olav N.
Published: May 2009

Abstract A retrospective study of 30 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of uncomplicated retrobulbar neuritis was carried out. The follow‐up period was 2–11 years; 57% developed multiple sclerosis. When the initial examination revealed oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid, the risk of developing multiple sclerosis increased to 79%. With normal cerebrospinal fluid the risk decreased to only 10%. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis of MS was made during the first 3 years after retrobulbar neuritis.
Acute bilateral corneal hydrops caused by high temperature and high moisture in the Finnish sauna
Authors: Ruusuvaara Pekka , Setälä Kirsi , Liesto Kimmo , Tarkkanen Ahti
Published: May 2009

Abstract A 44‐year‐old healthy male with bilateral keratoconus developed acute hydrops of both his corneas with an interval of 3 years. On both occasions he had bathed in a hot, humid Finnish sauna the preceding evening. Penetrating keratoplasty had to be performed in the acute stage in both instances, as medical therapy brought no improvement. The contributory role of hot, moist air to the development of acute hydrops is discussed. Histopathological examination of the corneal buttons revealed clear‐cut breaks in Descemet's membrane with marked posterior stromal oedema.
An unusual case of endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis
Authors: Khurana A. K. , Mathur S. K. , Ahluwalia B. K. , Jain K. , Sood S.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Endogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis is not a common entity. So far, about 25 cases have been reported in the world literature, and to the best of our‐knowledge, the crystalline lens was invaded by the fungus in none of the cases, as seen in the present case. This unusual feature, coupled with the rarity of the condition in general, made it worth reporting.
Ocular Münchhausen syndrome induced by incest
Authors: Voutilainen Raija , Tuppurainen Kaija
Published: May 2009

Abstract This report describes a young female patient whose long‐lasting ocular problems were ultimately found to be due to self‐induced damage of the corneas with chemicals, and later, self‐inflicted perforation of the eye with a safety pin. More than one year after these ocular symptoms were presented, it was descovered that the eye diseases were in fact attempts by the patient to escape from the psychic anxieties which were the result of an incestuous relationship between the patient and her father.
Bilateral serous retinal detachments in the H.E.L.L.P. syndrome
Authors: Burke J. P. , Whyte I. , MacEwen C. J.
Published: May 2009

Abstract The first case of the H.E.L.L.P. syndrome with ophthalmic signs is described. This syndrome of pregnancy is characterized by Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets in association with upper abdominal pain. Diagnosis and treatment is often delayed, while a non‐obstetric cause for these findings is sought. The present report adds serous retinal detachments in association with sub‐retinal opacities to the signs which should raise suspicion of this syndrome.
Conjunctival keratinisation, an abnormal reaction to an ocular beta‐blocker
Authors: Derous D. , de Keizer R. J. W. , de Wolff‐Rouendaal D. , Soudijn W.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Conjunctival leucoplakia was induced by the local beta‐blocker metipranolol in one case. Withdrawal of the drug and application of all‐trans retinoic acid ointment resulted in resolving of the keratinisation. A striking pharmacological resemblance is discovered between metipranolol and practolol. Metipranolol seems to be a less toxic phenol derivative of practolol. Nevertheless, it seems able to act as antigen.
Incidence of endophthalmitis in Sweden
Authors: Koul Sunendha , Philipson Agneta , Philipson Bo T.
Published: May 2009

Abstract. A retrospective review of all suspected and proven cases of endophthalmitis (EO) during a period of 18 months in Sweden is presented. This period covered the time of transition in the surgical technique at a large number of clinics. Sixty‐two cases of EO were reported out of which 52 were post‐operative. A total incidence of post‐operative endopthalmitis (POE) was found to be 0.33%. The incidence of culture proven POE was however only 0.06%. No cultures or only conjunctival cultures had been taken in 32 (61.5%). S.epidermidis and S.aureus comprised the majority of isolates. No case of fungal EO was reported. The number of posttraumatic EO was low.
Colour vision in a family with Sorsby's dystrophy
Authors: Atchison David A.
Published: May 2009

Abstract Fraser & Wallace (1971) investigated a family with Sorsby's dystrophy, and found a high prevalence of a mild red‐green colour deficiency. Using a battery of tests, I re‐examined the colour vision of members of the family at risk of developing the disease. I conclude that the mild colour vision defect is classical sex linked recessive deuteranomaly occurring adventiously in the family; its high prevalence is due to its being introduced by at least 3 persons marrying into the family. Two alternative hypotheses of the colour vision deficiency are that it is an acquired disorder which is a prodromal sign of the dystrophy or that it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. However, these hypotheses were rejected because the colour vision deficiency had the characteristics of a typical sex linked disorder. These findings emphasise that it is important to exclude any co‐existing inherited colour vision defect when defining the clinical features of any retinal dystrophy by careful evaluation of unaffected family members.