bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Starting in-house copyright education programs: commonalities and conclusions from two southeastern US academic libraries
Authors: Padron Kristy , Paige Sarah M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Many librarians are asked questions about copyright and intellectual property. They may be expected to advise on copyright or provide copyright education as part of their duties. Others may be “voluntold” to take on copyright, which may come as an unexpected addition to their workload. This case study provides suggestions for librarians to increase their copyright knowledge and create copyright education programs.

Design/methodology/approach

This case study showcases two copyright education programs created by a librarian in a college and another in a university. The librarians collaborated to learn more about the state of copyright education within academic libraries and explore their commonalities and differences. This case study introduces two copyright education programs and summarizes the state of copyright education within library and information science (LIS) and academic libraries.

Findings

The following themes within the two copyright education programs were identified through a case study: the complexity of copyright, the engagement (or lack thereof) across a college or university, the necessity of including copyright in information literacy instruction and the calls for professional development with copyright.

Research limitations/implications

This case study covers two differing institutions so its conclusions may not be applicable to all libraries or educational settings.

Practical implications

Many individuals who are in disciplines or occupations that regularly work with copyright may generate ideas for creating and providing continuing education within their organizations.

Originality/value

Library or education professionals can use the case study’s conclusions to inform and support their ongoing work with teaching and learning about copyright and intellectual property. By doing so, they can better support their students, faculty and institutions.
Nontarget impacts of neonicotinoids on nectar‐inhabiting microbes
Authors: Cecala Jacob M. , Vannette Rachel L.
Published: March 2024

Plant‐systemic neonicotinoid (NN) insecticides can exert non‐target impacts on organisms like beneficial insects and soil microbes. NNs can affect plant microbiomes, but we know little about their effects on microbial communities that mediate plant‐insect interactions, including nectar‐inhabiting microbes (NIMs). Here we employed two approaches to assess the impacts of NN exposure on several NIM taxa. First, we assayed the in vitro effects of six NN compounds on NIM growth using plate assays. Second, we inoculated a standardised NIM community into the nectar of NN‐treated canola (Brassica napus) and assessed microbial survival and growth after 24 h. With few exceptions, in vitro NN exposure tended to decrease bacterial growth metrics. However, the magnitude of the decrease and the NN concentrations at which effects were observed varied substantially across bacteria. Yeasts showed no consistent in vitro response to NNs. In nectar, we saw no effects of NN treatment on NIM community metrics. Rather, NIM abundance and diversity responded to inherent plant qualities like nectar volume. In conclusion, we found no evidence that NIMs respond to field‐relevant NN levels in nectar within 24 h, but our study suggests that context, specifically assay methods, time and plant traits, is important in assaying the effects of NNs on microbial communities.
Preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary team input in older people undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery: A feasibility trial
Authors: Mearns Anna , Siu Amanda Tsan Yue , Birdling Melisa , Geddes Thomas , Kenealy Helen
Published: March 2024

Objective

To determine the feasibility of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and multidisciplinary team (MDT) input for older people undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery in a tertiary New Zealand setting.

Methods

This single‐centre retrospective study included elective orthopaedic patients older than 65 years (and Māori/Pasifika aged greater than 55 years) with hyperpolypharmacy, frailty, neurocognitive disorders and poor functional status. Patients attended a preoperative clinic where they had a geriatrician‐led CGA along with MDT input. The feasibility of this preoperative model was assessed using outcomes of acceptability, accessibility and adherence. A qualitative description of patient demographics along with clinic assessment and interventions further describes this pilot experience.

Results

Sixty patients met inclusion criteria. This group were vulnerable older people (median age 77 years), with a high incidence of hyperpolypharmacy (85%), frailty (80%) and neurocognitive disorders (30%). Acceptability was high (97%), along with CGA accessibility (100%); however, MDT accessibility varied (53–90%). Adherence to MDT intervention was low; with only 26% of patients completing physiotherapy sessions and only 29% adhering to dietary advice. Accurate recall was a significant factor contributing to poor adherence. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was demonstrated to be a broad and flexible intervention.

Conclusions

CGA with MDT input is an acceptable and accessible intervention to be utilised as part of improved preoperative care for the older person undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Further consideration around methods to increase adherence in this patient group should be explored. Future research should focus on refining the intervention, and quantifying impact on patient outcomes.
Proof of concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Bauch Thomas , Hempel Georg
Published: March 2024

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling is an alternative modelling technique that is increasingly used in pharmacokinetics. Due to its nature, it can be complementarily employed to population pharmacokinetics, especially when it comes to small population size. Here, we report the proof of concept of its application to accurately describe the pharmacokinetics of a recombinant L‐asparaginase in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Data from two randomized, double‐blind, phase II/III clinical studies (MC‐ASP.4/ALL; MC‐ASP.5/ALL) were included to setup and evaluate the final model, respectively. Final population values for basic pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated (clearance: 0.0569 L/h/19.5 kg, volume of distribution: 1.251 L, half‐life: 18.5 h, trough concentration: 140.9 IU/L). Pharmacokinetic parameter prediction as well as predictive performance of the model proofed to be comparable to a separately developed population pharmacokinetic model with 13% deviation in predicted median L‐asparaginase trough levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first whole‐body PBPK model of a non‐antibody therapeutic protein.
Isolation and usage of exosomes in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Sun Hong , Duan Huijuan , Sheng Gang , Tian Na , Liu Dingyi , Sun Zhaogang
Published: March 2024

Background

Exosomes are vesicles secreted by all types of mammalian cells. They are characterized by a double‐layered lipid membrane structure. They serve as carriers for a plethora of signal molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Their unique capability of effortlessly crossing the blood–brain barrier underscores their critical role in the progression of various neurological disorders. This includes, but is not limited to, diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ischemic stroke. Establishing stable and mature methods for isolating exosomes is a prerequisite for the study of exosomes and their biomedical significance. The extraction technologies of exosomes include differential centrifugation, density gradient centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, polymer coprecipitation, immunoaffinity capture, microfluidic, and so forth. Each extraction technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the extraction standards of exosomes have not been unified internationally.

Aims

This review aimed to showcase the recent advancements in exosome isolation techniques and thoroughly compare the advantages and disadvantages of different methods. Furthermore, the significant research progress made in using exosomes for diagnosing and treating central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been emphasized.

Conclusion

The varying isolation methods result in differences in the concentration, purity, and size of exosomes. The efficient separation of exosomes facilitates their widespread application, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
Benefit of endovascular treatment for primary versus secondary medium vessel occlusion: A multi‐center experience
Authors: Hu Hai‐Zhou , Zhao Yong‐Gang , Liu Xin , Sun Xian‐Hui , Nguyen Thanh N. , Chen Hui‐Sheng
Published: March 2024

Aims

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with primary versus secondary medium vessel occlusion (MeVO).

Methods

From the endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the China registry, we collected consecutive patients with MeVO who received EVT. The primary endpoint was a good outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0 to 2 at 90 days.

Results

154 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 74 primary MeVO and 80 secondary MeVO. A good outcome at 90 days was achieved in 42 (56.8%) patients with primary MeVO and 33 (41.3%) patients with secondary MeVO. There was a higher probability of good outcomes in patients with the primary vs secondary MeVO (adjusted odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 4.46; p = 0.04). There were no significant differences in secondary and safety outcomes between MeVO groups. In the multivariable analysis, baseline ASPECTS (p = 0.001), final modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score (p = 0.01), and any ICH (p = 0.03) were significantly associated with good outcomes in primary MeVO patients, while baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p = 0.002), groin puncture to recanalization time (p = 0.02), and early neurological improvement (p < 0.001) were factors associated with good outcome in secondary MeVO patients.

Conclusion

In MeVO patients who received EVT, there was a higher likelihood of poor outcomes in patients with secondary versus primary MeVO.
Is blue light imaging without magnification satisfactory as screening for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? Post‐hoc analysis of multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ogata Yohei , Hatta Waku , Koike Tomoyuki , Takahashi So , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Iwai Wataru , Asonuma Sho , Okata Hideki , Ohyauchi Motoki , Ito Hirotaka , Abe Yasuhiko , Sasaki Yu , Kawamura Masashi , Saito Masahiro , Uno Kaname , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Iijima Katsunori , Masamune Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Narrow light observation is currently recommended as an alternative to Lugol chromoendoscopy (LCE) to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Studies revealed little difference in sensitivity between the two modalities in expert settings; however, these included small numbers of cases. We aimed to determine whether blue light imaging (BLI) without magnification is satisfactory for preventing misses of ESCC.

Methods

This was a post‐hoc analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial targeting patients at high risk of ESCC in expert settings. In this study, BLI without magnification followed by LCE was performed. The evaluation parameters included: (i) the diagnostic abilities of ESCC; (ii) the endoscopic characteristics of lesions with diagnostic differences between the two modalities; and (iii) the color difference between cancerous and noncancerous areas in BLI and LCE.

Results

This study identified ESCC in 49 of 699 cases. Of these cases, nine (18.4%) were missed by BLI but detected by LCE. In per‐patient analysis, the sensitivity of BLI was lower than that of LCE following BLI (83.7% vs. 100.0%; P = 0.013), whereas the specificity and accuracy of BLI were higher (88.2% vs. 81.2%; P < 0.001 and 87.8% vs. 82.5%; P < 0.001, respectively). No significant endoscopic characteristics were identified, but the color difference was lower in BLI than in LCE (21.4 vs. 25.1; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

LCE following BLI outperformed BLI in terms of sensitivity in patients with high‐risk ESCC. Therefore, LCE, in addition to BLI, would still be required in screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy even by expert endoscopists.
Rare bleeding disorders: Advances in management
Authors: Casini Alessandro , Al‐Samkari Hanny , Hayward Catherine , Peyvandi Flora
Published: March 2024

Inherited factor coagulation deficiencies and vascular bleeding disorders, associated with bleeding of various severity, are often classified as rare bleeding disorders (RBDs). These include inherited fibrinogen disorders, inherited platelet function disorders (IPFD) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). In the last decades, there have been large increases in knowledge on the epidemiology, genetics, physiopathology, clinical features, and diagnosis of RBDs, but improvements in management have been more limited and remain challenging. The treatment mainstay of RBDs is based only on replacement of a few available coagulation factor concentrates or cryoprecipitates. There is growing interest in therapeutic agents that enhance coagulation or inhibiting anticoagulant pathways in RBDs. In severe IPFD, the optimal platelet transfusion strategy is not yet established. Moreover, data is scarce on the effectiveness and safety of desmopressin and/or antifibrinolytic drugs often used for milder IPFD treatment. The best fibrinogen replacement strategy (prophylaxis vs. on demand) in afibrinogenemia is still debated. Similarly, the optimal trough fibrinogen target level for treatment of acute bleeding, and the role of fibrinogen replacement during pregnancy in mild hypofibrinogenemia and dysfibrinogenemia, have not been properly evaluated. The therapeutic arsenal in HHT includes antifibrinolytics and a series of antiangiogenic agents whose potential efficacy has been tested in small studies or are under investigation for treatment of bleeding. However, there is need to address several issues, including the optimal dosing strategies, the potential emergent toxicity of longer‐term use, and the impact of systemic antiangiogenic treatment on visceral arteriovenous malformations.
Bilirubin ameliorates osteoarthritis via activating Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and suppressing NF‐κB signalling
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Duan Baiqun , Wu Jianing , Huang Lihui , Dai Sheng , Ding Jie , Sun Meng , Lin Xinlu , Jiang Yiling , Sun Tuyue , Lu Ruijie , Huang Huirong , Lin Guangyong , Chen Ruijie , Yao Qing , Kou Longfa
Published: March 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that affects worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the chronic inflammation and OA progression. Scavenging overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be rational strategy for OA treatment. Bilirubin (BR) is a potent endogenous antioxidant that can scavenge various ROS and also exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects. However, whether BR could exert protection on chondrocytes for OA treatment has not yet been elucidated. Here, chondrocytes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide with or without BR treatment. The cell viability was assessed, and the intracellular ROS, inflammation cytokines were monitored to indicate the state of chondrocytes. In addition, BR was also tested on LPS‐treated Raw264.7 cells to test the anti‐inflammation property. An in vitro bimimic OA microenvironment was constructed by LPS‐treated Raw264.7 and chondrocytes, and BR also exert certain protection for chondrocytes by activating Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway and suppressing NF‐κB signalling. An ACLT‐induced OA model was constructed to test the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of BR. Compared to the clinical used HA, BR significantly reduced cartilage degeneration and delayed OA progression. Overall, our data shows that BR has a protective effect on chondrocytes and can delay OA progression caused by oxidative stress.
BUB1/KIF14 complex promotes anaplastic thyroid carcinoma progression by inducing chromosome instability
Authors: Jin Tiefeng , Ding Lingling , Chen Jinming , Zou Xiaozhou , Xu Tong , Xuan Zixue , Wang Shanshan , Chen Jianqiang , Wang Wei , Zhu Chaozhuang , Zhang Yiwen , Huang Ping , Pan Zongfu , Ge Minghua
Published: March 2024

Chromosome instability (CIN) is a common contributor driving the formation and progression of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), but its mechanism remains unclear. The BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1) is responsible for the alignment of mitotic chromosomes, which has not been thoroughly studied in ATC. Our research demonstrated that BUB1 was remarkably upregulated and closely related to worse progression‐free survival. Knockdown of BUB1 attenuated cell viability, invasion, migration and induced cell cycle arrests, whereas overexpression of BUB1 promoted the cell cycle progression of papillary thyroid cancer cells. BUB1 knockdown remarkably repressed tumour growth and tumour formation of nude mice with ATC xenografts and suppressed tumour metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model. Inhibition of BUB1 by its inhibitor BAY‐1816032 also exhibited considerable anti‐tumour activity. Further studies showed that enforced expression of BUB1 evoked CIN in ATC cells. BUB1 induced CIN through phosphorylation of KIF14 at serine1292 (Ser1292). Overexpression of the KIF14ΔSer1292 mutant was unable to facilitate the aggressiveness of ATC cells when compared with that of the wild type. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the BUB1/KIF14 complex drives the aggressiveness of ATC by inducing CIN.
The Third Democratic Transformation: From European to Planetary Politics
Authors: Nicolaidis Kalypso
Published: March 2024

This contribution to the symposium explores one aspect of the arrival of planetary politics under the broad label of the third democratic transformation, a transformation unfolding now at all levels of governance, from the local to the global through the regional, in spite of the anti‐democratic forces at play around the world. This article starts by exploring the new frontier of normative power Europe in a post‐colonial key, arguing that the European Union can serve as a laboratory for such a democratic transformation, around four interrogations related to claims of decentring, doubting, experimenting and decolonising. It then offers a descriptive‐normative typology of the core attributes of the third democratic transformation observable in numerous signs and practices both in Europe and around the world through a sixfold evolution, namely, trans‐temporal, transnational, trans‐modal, trans‐local, trans‐scalar and, across all these, translational. It concludes on the conditions of possibility for this transformation.
Parent–child coregulation as a dynamic system: a commentary on Wass et al. (2024)
Authors: Lunkenheimer Erika
Published: March 2024

In this commentary, I argue that including and operationalizing allostatic processes will become increasingly important in future research on parent–child biobehavioral coregulation. In particular, the conceptualization and modeling of dyadic oscillatory rhythms that align in expected ways with the child's developmental stage and that distinguish typical and atypical development will be useful in future work. Despite the inherent asymmetry characteristic of parent–child relationships, we should not forget to consider the child's effects on the parent within and across time, the additional environmental demands upon parents that shape parent–child coregulation, and variations in parent–child asymmetry by parental risk factors. Studying risk factors that are dyadic in nature, such as child maltreatment, may be particularly informative in gaining a deeper understanding of how parent–child coregulation interfaces with developmental psychopathology. To best model parent–child coregulation as a dynamic system, it will be critical to employ more nonlinear analytic models and better represent the multiple hierarchical domains of coregulation and their interactions, including affect, cognition, behavior, and biology. Finally, in future research, a deeper application of existing dyadic and dynamic theories, as well as the generation of new dyadic developmental theories, will aid us in obtaining a stronger understanding of the developmental function and intervention implications of parent–child biobehavioral coregulation.
What do cervical cancer patients know, how do they learn, and who do they tell? A pilot study
Authors: Larson Sharon , McAnany Brian , Ladd Ilene , Gogoi Radhika
Published: March 2024

Background: This study explored what patients identified with cervical cancer know about the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer and where they learned this information. Patients share a great deal of information with family, friends and colleagues and we were interested in the accuracy and sources of information they are sharing.

Methods: Patients identified through the EHR of a health system who had a history of cervical cancer were invited to participate in a brief survey of their experience. The sample represents an opportunity sample of patients who responded.

Results: Generally, these patients, drawn from the Geisinger Health System in central Pennsylvania, were older (mean 57.5 years), White, and about half had annual household income of $35 K. Among all respondents about 17% had not heard of HPV, 21% did not know about an HPV vaccine, and about 38% did not know about the link between HPV and cervical cancer. Most frequently patients reported obtaining their information about HPV from television advertisements. About half received information from their oncologist. Patients reported having conversations with families about their own cancer, the cause of their cancer and HPV vaccination. It is important to note that these conversations were supported by information from many sources.

Conclusions: Patients may serve as a conduit for information about their condition and may be informal ‘educators’ in the community. It is important to make certain that these opportunities are informed by information obtained from trusted and accurate sources.
Impact of ultrasound pretreatment on banana chip production by convective drying using hot air: Consideration of shrinkage and variable effective mass diffusivity in the process description
Authors: de Lima Ferreira João Paulo , da Silva Wilton Pereira , Paiva Yaroslávia Ferreira , Amadeu Lumara Tatiely Santos
Published: March 2024

In this study, we used experimental analysis and numerical simulation to describe and compare the convective drying (CD) of banana slices, without and with pretreatment with ultrasound (US) at 25 kHz. Banana slices, with an average initial thickness of about 6.60 × 10−3 m and an average diameter of about 3.01 × 10−2 m, were subjected to CD at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80°C, with air speed of 1.5 m s−1. Considering such dimensions, the one‐dimensional diffusion equation in Cartesian coordinates was numerically solved by the finite volume method, using a fully implicit formulation (direct problem). A solver with a numerical solution was developed for the direct problem. This solver was coupled to an optimizer to determine the parameters a and b of functions that relate the effective moisture diffusivity (D) with the local moisture ratio, and also to determine the convective mass transfer coefficient (h) (inverse problem), considering the shrinkage. The proposed model was used to describe the data obtained. The results revealed that the drying rate increased in samples that were subjected to pretreatment with US, for each drying temperature. The best‐simulated results were those that related D to the local moisture ratio by means of a bcosh (aMR2) function. It could be observed that pretreatment with US allowed saving of time (and consequently energy) of 28.3%, 16.0%, and 12.4% at drying temperatures of 60, 70, and 80°C, respectively.

Practical applications

The main contribution of this paper is to present a solver and an optimizer to determine the mass transfer properties considering the shrinkage during convective drying of banana pieces pretreated with ultrasound by the inverse problem. With the information obtained for the mass transfer properties and the proposed numerical model with a hyperbolic cosine type function for the effective moisture diffusivity, it is possible to more accurately determine the time and, therefore, the energy savings of processing banana chips pre‐treated with ultrasound.
Minimizing the environmental footprint in food production: A case study on the improvement of an industrial tank cleaning process through adaptive cleaning devices
Authors: Mauermann Marc , Beckmann Siegfried , Murcek Roman , Hanisch Tobias
Published: March 2024

The potential of adaptive tank cleaning devices to reduce resource consumption of cleaning processes is quantified on the example of a dairy tank under production conditions. As methodological approach, a cleaning validation process was applied to obtain information on the resource consumption of the existing cleaning procedure as reference. An improved cleaning procedure with increased mechanical cleaning action was designed. It exploits the capabilities of motor‐driven jet cleaners to perform helical, zigzag, spiral and meander‐shaped nozzle movements. The nozzle movements were applied according to the location of cleaning‐critical area and the fouling deposit distribution. The configuration was supported by cleaning simulations. Both cleaning procedure were quantitatively compared. The adapted cleaning process reduced the cleaning time by 32 per cent without compromising the cleanling success. The volumetric flow rate was 55 l/min instead of 130 l/min and the energy requirement for cleaning was lowered by approx. 227,260 kJ per cleaning cycle.

Practical applications

Reducing cleaning times, water consumption, and strengthening food safety are essential challenges for food production. The methodical approach for conducting a cleaning validation provides necessary information to systematically address priorities of optimization: (1) reduction of cleaning time, (2) reduction of water consumption, (3) reduction of energy consumption. The optical detection of cleaning‐critical area, fouling deposit distribution and the temporal cleaning process opens the possibility of monitoring the hygiene status and strengthening food safety.

The use of adaptive, motor‐driven tank cleaning devices enables the targeted adjustment of cleaning intensity. This enables the targeted cleaning of hard‐to‐clean and easy‐to‐clean tank areas and may reduce resource consumption and cleaning time.
Impact of immune‐related adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab
Authors: Suzuki Keito , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Yamazaki Yudai , Uchihara Naoki , Tanaka Yuki , Miyamoto Haruka , Yamada‐Shimizu Michiko , Keitoku Taisei , Okada Risa , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tanaka Shohei , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yuka , Asahina Yasuhiro , Okamoto Ryuichi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim

Immune checkpoint inhibitors pose the risk of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Recent data suggest that irAEs may be associated with a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the association between these adverse events and the clinical benefits in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods

The study enrolled 130 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab between November 2020 and January 2023 at a single center. The relationship between irAEs and both response rate and post‐treatment outcomes was investigated.

Results

Out of the 130 patients, irAEs developed in 36 (27.7%) patients. The irAE group exhibited a significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than the non‐irAE group, with a median PFS of 8.9 compared with 4.6 months (P < 0.01). No difference was found in the overall survival between the irAE and non‐irAE groups. The irAE group demonstrated significantly higher disease control rate (DCR) than the non‐irAE group (97.0% vs 65.5%, P < 0.01). The analysis by irAE severity revealed that the grade 1/2 group exhibited significantly longer PFS (7.9 vs 4.6 months, P = 0.007) and higher DCR (100% vs 65.5%, P < 0.01) than the non‐irAE group. Furthermore, hypothyroidism correlated with a favorable PFS (8.9 vs 5.4 months, P = 0.02), DCR (100% vs 71.3%, P = 0.03), and overall response rate (58.3% vs 18.5%, P = 0.005).

Conclusion

The presence of irAEs is associated with prolonged PFS and higher DCR. Specifically, mild irAEs (grade 1/2) and hypothyroidism displayed prolonged PFS and higher DCR.
It was not possible to detect BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell‐free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Martins‐de‐Barros Allan Vinícius , da Costa Araújo Fábio Andrey , Barros Ana Maria Ipólito , dos Santos Elenisa Glaucia Ferreira , Barbosa Neto Adauto Gomes , da Silva Helker Albuquerque Macedo , de Lima Elker Lene Santos , Muniz Maria Tereza Cartaxo , Neves Riedel Frota Sá Nogueira , de Hollanda Valente Rômulo Oliveira , de Oliveira e Silva Emanuel Dias , de Vasconcelos Carvalho Marianne
Published: March 2024

Background

The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma‐based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell‐free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma.

Methods

This is a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations. The index test was the plasma‐based liquid biopsy, whereas the reference standard was the conventional tissue biopsy. The target condition was the detection of BRAF V600E mutation. The study population consisted of individuals with ameloblastoma recruited from three tertiary hospitals from Brazil. A negative control group composed of three individuals with confirmed wild‐type BRAF lesions were included. The participants underwent plasma circulating cell‐free DNA and tumor tissue DNA isolation, and both were submitted to using competitive allele‐specific TaqMan™ real‐time polymerase chain reaction technology mutation detection assays. Sensitivity and specificity measures and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.

Results

Twelve patients with conventional ameloblastoma were included. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 11/12 (91.66%) ameloblastoma tissue samples. However, the mutation was not detected in any of the plasma‐based liquid biopsy circulating cell‐free DNA samples in both ameloblastomas and negative control group. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma‐based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell‐free DNA was 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The agreement between index test and reference standard results was 26.66%.

Conclusion

Plasma‐based liquid biopsy does not seem to be an accurate method for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating circulating cell‐free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma, regardless of tumor size, anatomic location, recurrence status, and other clinicopathological features.
A Bayesian network analysis to examine the effects of HIV stigma processes on self‐concept and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV
Authors: Norcini Pala Andrea , Turan Bulent
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study examines the relationships between HIV stigma dimensions, self‐related mechanisms, and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV.

Background

HIV stigma hinders the well‐being of individuals living with HIV, which is linked to depressive symptoms and increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying stigma's impact on depression are poorly understood. Psychosocial theories propose that experiencing HIV stigma leads to internalized stigma, impacting self‐concept and mental health.

Method

Using Bayesian network analysis, we explored associations among HIV stigma processes (experienced, anticipated, internalized, perceived community stigma, and HIV status disclosure) and self‐related mechanisms (self‐esteem, fear of negative evaluation [FNE], self‐blame coping, and social exclusion), and depressive symptoms.

Results

Our diverse sample of 204 individuals, primarily men, gay/bisexual, Black, and lower‐middle SES, who experienced stigma showed increased anticipated, internalized, and perceived community stigma, FNE, and depressive symptoms. Internalized stigma contributed to self‐blame coping and higher depressive symptoms. Anticipated and perceived community stigma and FNE correlated with increased social exclusion.

Discussion

This study investigates potential mechanisms through which HIV stigma may impact depression. Identifying these mechanisms establishes a foundation for future research to inform targeted interventions, enhancing mental health and HIV outcomes among individuals living with HIV, especially from minority backgrounds. Insights gained guide evidence‐based interventions to mitigate HIV stigma's detrimental effects, ultimately improving overall well‐being and health‐related outcomes for people with HIV.
“I Missed School to Take Care of Someone Else”: Middle and High School Students' Caregiving Responsibilities as a Reason for Absenteeism
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Osborn Steve , Smith Olivia , Siskowski Connie , Olson Elizabeth
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND

Middle and high school students who are involved in caregiving for aging, chronically ill, and/or disabled family members report more learning challenges compared to their non‐caregiving peers. However, little is known about how many students miss school to take care of someone else, and which students are most likely to have this experience. Such knowledge could reveal an important, largely unrecognized reason for school absences and educational disparities.

METHODS

Our research‐practice partnership surveyed middle‐and‐high schoolers across Rhode Island public schools in 2022.

RESULTS

Among 55,746 students (45% White non‐Latinx; 21% Latinx; 45% girls), 13.80% reported they had missed school to take care of someone else, with up to 35% in some districts. Students who missed school for caregiving were disproportionately girls, non‐binary, transgender, or preferred not to report gender, older youth, and from historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups, and from urban districts.

CONCLUSIONS

Children's experiences caregiving for others may be an important and overlooked contributor to absenteeism and achievement gaps, especially in urban areas. We suggest school policies to better serve these students.
“It takes a village to write a really good paper”: A normative framework for peer reviewing in philosophy
Authors: Copeland Samantha , Marin Lavinia
Published: March 2024

That there is a “crisis of peer review” at the moment is not in dispute, but sufficient attention has not yet been paid to the normative potential that lies in current calls for reform. In contrast to approaches to “fixing” the problems in peer review, which tend to maintain the status quo in terms of professionalising opportunities, this paper addresses the needs of philosophers and how peer‐review reform can be an opportunity to improve the academic discipline of philosophy, whereby progress is understood as making the discipline more fair to the global academic community and more conducive to the flourishing of academic philosophers. The paper evaluates recent categories of relevant norms and correlating reforms. In conclusion, it recommends that philosophy pursue the norms of transparency and democracy explicitly when proposing peer‐review reform and suggest that proposals for forum‐based models of peer review are most likely to support those norms.
Efficacy of varenicline or bupropion and its association with nicotine metabolite ratio among smokers with COPD
Authors: Qin Rui , Liu Zhao , Cheng An‐qi , Zhou Xin‐mei , Su Zheng , Cui Zi‐yang , Li Jin‐xuan , Wei Xiao‐wen , Zhao Liang , Chung Kian Fan , Xiao Dan , Wang Chen
Published: March 2024

Background and objective

Nicotine metabolic ratio (NMR) has been associated with nicotine metabolism and smoking characteristics. However, there are few studies on the potential association between NMR and smoking cessation efficacy in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China or elsewhere.

Methods

This study was a stratified block randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation in Chinese smokers with COPD. NMR was used as a stratification factor; slow metabolizers were defined as those with NMR <0.31, and normal metabolizers as those with NMR ≥0.31. Participants were randomly assigned to the varenicline or bupropion group. Follow‐up visits were conducted at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 weeks.

Results

Two hundred twenty‐four participants were recruited and analysed from February 2019 to June 2022. In normal metabolizers, the 9–12 weeks continuous abstinence rate of varenicline (43.1%) was higher than in bupropion (23.5%) (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.05–5.78, p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in abstinence rates between treatment groups in slow metabolizers (54.1% vs. 45.9%, OR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.68–2.83, p = 0.366). For slow metabolizers, the total score of side effects in the varenicline group was significantly higher than the bupropion group (p = 0.048), while there was no significant difference in side effects between groups for normal metabolizers (p = 0.360).

Conclusion

Varenicline showed better efficacy than bupropion in normal metabolizers, and bupropion showed equivalent efficacy in slow metabolizers with less side effects. According to our study, NMR provides a better justification for both scientific research and tailoring optimal pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among smokers in COPD.
Chronic interstitial lung disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentric study of 89 cases
Authors: Deneuville Lou , Mageau Arthur , Debray Marie Pierre , Sacre Karim , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Hachulla Eric , Uzunhan Yurdagul , Le Tallec Erwan , Cadranel Jacques , Marchand Adam Sylvain , Montani David , Rémi‐Jardin Martine , Reynaud‐Gaubert Martine , Prevot Gregoire , Beltramo Guillaume , Crestani Bruno , Cottin Vincent , Borie Raphael ,   the OrphaLung Network
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective

Chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs rarely with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as compared with other connective tissue diseases. This multicentric retrospective study of patients with SLE‐ILD from the OrphaLung and French SLE networks during 2005–2020 aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with SLE‐ILD and analyse factors associated with prognosis.

Methods

We analysed data for 89 patients with SLE‐ILD (82 women, 92.1%) (median age at SLE diagnosis: 35 years [interquartile range 27–47]). All patients met the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria for the diagnosis of SLE.

Results

Forty two (47.2%) patients were positive for anti‐ribonuclear protein antibodies and 45 (50.6%) for anti SSA/Ro antibodies. A total of 58 (65.2%) patients had another connective tissue disease: Sjögren's syndrome (n = 33, 37.1%), systemic sclerosis (n = 14, 15.7%), inflammatory myopathy (n = 6, 6.7%), or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 6, 6.7%). ILD was diagnosed along with SLE in 25 (28.1%) patients and at a median of 6 (0–14) years after the SLE diagnosis. The most frequent CT pattern was suggestive of non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (n = 41, 46.0%) with or without superimposed organizing pneumonia. After a median follow‐up of 86.5 [39.5–161.2] months, 18 (20.2%) patients had died and 6 (6.7%) underwent lung transplantation. The median 5‐year and 10‐year transplantation‐free survival were 96% (92–100) and 87% (78–97). In total, 44 (49.4%) patients showed ILD progression. Cutaneous manifestations and Raynaud's phenomenon were associated with better survival. Only forced vital capacity was significantly associated with survival and ILD progression.

Conclusion

ILD is a rare manifestation of SLE with good overall prognosis but with possible risk of ILD progression. Patients with SLE‐ILD frequently have another connective tissue disease.
SMAS repositioning technique utilizing cog thread: Anatomical perspectives
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Kim Soo‐Bin , Park Soo Yeon , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Face‐lifting surgeries were once common among individuals over 60 years old due to skin laxity, but recent trends favor thread lifting in this age group. Understanding dynamic changes in facial anatomy during postural shifts is essential.

Method

Fresh cadaver studies have demonstrated the passage of threads through the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) layer, confirming the efficacy of the technique. Proper insertion depth targeting SMAS repositioning, rather than superficial skin layers, is crucial.

Result

The natural movement of tissues secured by thread (N‐Cog and N‐Fix, N‐Finders Inc., Korea) insertion results in lifting effects. However, complications may arise if threads affect deeper facial muscles, leading to discomfort. Fibrous septa play a significant role in guiding thread placement, with different densities influencing thread maneuverability and tissue response during lifting.

Conclusion

Procedures targeting SMAS repositioning using threads aim to maintain the new position of relocated tissues. Understanding structural variations in facial regions informs thread selection and placement. Aligning threads with tissue movement and the intended SMAS layer positioning is vital to prevent complications. Balancing thread insertion depth and tissue traction is critical for successful outcomes. Modern thread lifting techniques prioritize SMAS repositioning, enhancing lifting effects while ensuring procedure safety and efficacy.
The novel HLA‐DPB1*1550:01 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Li Zheng‐fa , Xie Zhi‐cong , Ma Li , Li Ye‐mo , Dong Ting
Published: March 2024

HLA‐DPB1*1550:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*02:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
Transfusing children with sickle cell disease using blood group genotyping when the pool of Black donors is limited
Authors: Leiva‐Torres Gabriel André , Cigna Maude , Constanzo‐Yanez Jessica , St‐Louis Maryse , Perreault Josée , Lavoie Josée , Laflamme Geneviève , Lewin Antoine , Pastore Yves , Robitaille Nancy
Published: March 2024

Background

Red blood cell transfusion is an effective treatment for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Alloimmunization can occur after a single transfusion, limiting further usage of blood transfusion. It is recommended to match for the ABO, D, C, E, and K antigens to reduce risks of alloimmunization. However, availability of compatible blood units can be challenging for blood providers with a limited number of Black donors.

Study Design and Methods

A prospective cohort of 205 pediatric patients with SCD was genotyped for the RH and FY genes. Transfusion and alloimmunization history were collected. Our capacity to find RhCE‐matched donors was evaluated using a database of genotyped donors.

Results

Nearly 9.8% of patients carried a partial D variant and 5.9% were D‐. Only 45.9% of RHCE alleles were normal, with the majority of variants affecting the RH5 (e) antigen. We found an alloimmunization prevalence of 20.7% and a Rh alloimmunization prevalence of 7.1%. Since Black donors represented only 1.40% of all blood donors in our province, D‐ Caucasian donors were mostly used to provide phenotype matched products. Compatible blood for patients with rare Rh variants was found only in Black donors. A donor with compatible RhCE could be identified for all patients.

Conclusion

Although Rh‐compatible donors were identified, blood units might not be available when needed and/or the extended phenotype or ABO group might not match the patient. A greater effort has to be made for the recruitment of Black donors to accommodate patients with SCD.
Cryogel wound dressings based on natural polysaccharides perfectly adhere to irregular wounds for rapid haemostasis and easy disassembly
Authors: Liu Changchun , Liu Jiaqi , Wu Minmin , Ni Haifeng , Feng Jie , Zhao Liping , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2024

Skin injuries can have unexpected surfaces, leading to uneven wound surfaces and inadequate dressing contact with these irregular surfaces. This can decrease the dressing's haemostatic action and increase the healing period. This study recommends the use of sticky and flexible cryogel coverings to promote faster haemostasis and efficiently handle uneven skin wounds. Alginate cryogels have a fast haemostatic effect and shape flexibility due to their macroporous structure. The material demonstrates potent antibacterial characteristics and enhances skin adherence by adding grafted chitosan with gallic acid. In irregular defect wound models, cryogels can cling closely to uneven damage surfaces due to their amorphous nature. Furthermore, their macroporous structure allows for quick haemostasis by quickly absorbing blood and wound exudate. After giving the dressing a thorough rinse, its adhesive strength reduces and it is simple to remove without causing any damage to the wound. Cryogel demonstrated faster haemostasis than gauze in a wound model on a rat tail, indicating that it has considerable potential for use as a wound dressing in the biomedical area.
Liderazgo de servicio: efecto en la satisfacción laboral y el capital psicológico en la industria de manufactura mexicana
Authors: Máynez-Guaderrama Aurora Irma , Vargas-Salgado María Marisela , Gómez-Bull Karla Gabriela
Published: March 2024

El liderazgo de servicio es un campo investigativo con atención creciente en la literatura. El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar la influencia del liderazgo de servicio sobre la satisfacción laboral y el capital psicológico. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y explicativo, en la industria manufacturera de exportación mexicana. Se encontró que el liderazgo de servicio favorece las dimensiones del capital psicológico y ayuda a que el trabajador se sienta satisfecho en su empleo. Por ello, se recomienda que las empresas fomenten entre sus líderes, conductas asociadas a este estilo de liderazgo. En trabajos futuros se recomienda indagar en el efecto del liderazgo de servicio sobre variables como el empoderamiento y los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizacional.