bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Jarke Juliane
Published: September 2020

Increasingly public services are provided in digital form; their uptake however remains well below expectations. In particular, amongst older adults the need for public services is high while at the same time the uptake of their digital counterparts is low. One of the reasons is that many digital public services (or e-services) do not respond well to the life worlds, use contexts and use practices of its target audiences. An increasingly popular approach to design more user-centric services is co-creation with future users. It has been noted however, that in particular older adults lack the willingness (and often ability) to co-create e-services. Hence, there is an articulated need to engage older citizens in design practice, but a lack of evidence concerning successful participation approaches. This book addresses this gap by providing evidence from three co-creation projects with older adults. In order to understand the challenges and opportunities of co-creation, the book attends to the following three aspects when analysing, evaluating and comparing the three projects: (1) Governing co-creation and sharing control: What are the implications of different modes of governing and managing co-creation? How do (and can) specific methods facilitate the sharing of control? (2) Sharing expertise: How can a variety of stakeholders be engaged in meaningful ways? What are specific challenges and opportunities for sharing (lived) experiences? (3) Enabling change: What types of public services are most suited for co-creation and to what extend do they enable individual and/or social change?
Co-creation in Practice I: Co-creating a Digital Neighbourhood Guide (Bremen Osterholz)
Authors: Jarke Juliane
Published: September 2020

This chapter reports on a co-creation project that was conducted in the city district Bremen Osterholz. A core group of 11 older residents co-created a digital district guide over the duration of ten months. In a first step, the group identified an information gap between existing neighbourhood resources to support older residents and older residents’ awareness about them. The solution proposed was to better inform older adults in order to facilitate social participation in their everyday lives (ranging from consulting services to social encounters and outdoor activities). Members of the core group defined the specific information needs (including relevant attributes for each information category) and collected data for all categories. In addition, focus groups with 80 older residents were conducted with the support of local social care service providers. The focus groups were used partly for collecting information about the district, but also for testing the first prototype. The chapter describes co-creation methods such as cultural probes and data tables. It concludes with lessons learned.
Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Hackett Ruth A. , Hudson Joanna L. , Chilcot Joseph
Published: September 2020

Aims/hypothesis

Loneliness is associated with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal observational population study with data on 4112 diabetes-free participants (mean age 65.02 ± 9.05) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Loneliness was assessed in 2004–2005 using the revised University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were assessed from 2006 to 2017. Associations were modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for potential confounders, which included cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Results

A total of 264 (6.42%) participants developed type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period. Loneliness was a significant predictor of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15, 1.84; p = 0.002) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, HbA1c, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Further analyses detected an association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90; p = 0.027), independent of depressive symptoms, living alone and social isolation. Living alone and social isolation were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes onset.

Conclusions/interpretation

Loneliness is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be elucidated.
Buckle up!
Authors: Lange A. , Keller K. , Lakämper S.
Published: September 2020

Die Verkehrsmedizin als Teil der Rechtsmedizin erfüllt in der Schweiz eine wichtige präventive Aufgabe in der Sicherung aller Verkehrsteilnehmer: Sie begutachtet die medizinisch basierte Fahrfähigkeit und Fahreignung. Als empirisch konsolidiertes Querschnittsfach hat sie Informationen aus einer Vielzahl von medizinischen Fachgebieten. Wie reagiert die Verkehrsmedizin aber auf den vermehrten Anspruch evidenzbasierter Gutachten und auf anstehende Herausforderungen?

Über einen historischen Abriss motivierten wir die Vorteile und das Potential einer teilweise durch Fahrsimulation ergänzten Untersuchung und einer dediziert auf Fahrsimulation basierenden, klinisch-prospektiven Forschung.

Neben vorhandener Literatur stützen sich historische Aspekte u.a. auf vorhandene Expertise. Die Bewertung der Fahrsimulation für die Verkehrs- bzw. Rechtsmedizin der Schweiz stützt sich auf die Diskussion selektierter Literatur.

Auftrag und Anspruch der Verkehrsmedizin haben sich mehrfach verändert. Eine übersichtsartige Betrachtung existenter Literatur legt nahe, dass massgeschneiderte Fahrsimulatoren Teil einer modernisierten Verkehrsmedizin sein können, um anstehende Herausforderungen adäquat adressieren zu können. Bisher existiert kein derartiges dediziertes Forschungsinstrument in der Schweiz.

Eine auf verkehrsmedizinische Fragestellungen massgeschneiderte, realitätsnahe und niedrigschwellige Fahrsimulation als Werkzeug für klinische Studien und Individualuntersuchungen verspricht neben einer wissenschaftlichen Produktivität einen umsetzbaren und vermittelbaren Mehrwert für das übergeordnete Ziel der Sicherheit aller Verkehrsteilnehmer.
Vanishing Hessian, wild forms and their border VSP
Authors: Huang Hang , Michałek Mateusz , Ventura Emanuele
Published: September 2020

Wild forms are homogeneous polynomials whose smoothable rank is strictly larger than their border rank. The discrepancy between these two ranks is caused by the difference between the limit of spans of a family of zero-dimensional schemes and the span of their flat limit. For concise forms of minimal border rank, we show that the condition of vanishing Hessian is equivalent to being wild. This is proven by making a detour through structure tensors of smoothable and Gorenstein algebras. The equivalence fails in the non-minimal border rank regime. We exhibit an infinite series of minimal border rank wild forms of every degree$$d\ge 3$$d≥3as well as an infinite series of wild cubics. Inspired by recent work on border apolarity of Buczyńska and Buczyński, we study the border varieties of sums of powers$$\underline{{\mathrm {VSP}}}$$VSP̲of these forms in the corresponding multigraded Hilbert schemes.
Aspiration in lethal drug abuse—a consequence of opioid intoxication
Authors: Nicolakis Johannes , Gmeiner Günter , Reiter Christian , Seltenhammer Monika Heidemarie
Published: September 2020

Aims

The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether the fatalities of opioid abuse are not only related to respiratory depression but also as a result of other side effects such as emesis, delayed gastric emptying, a reduction of the cough reflex, and impaired consciousness leading to the aspiration of gastric contents, a finding regularly observed in drug-related deaths.

Design

A retrospective exploratory study analyzing heroin/morphine/methadone-related deaths submitted to court-ordered autopsy.

Setting

Center for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (2010–2015).

Participants

Two hundred thirty-four autopsy cases were included in the study: morphine (n = 200), heroin (n = 11), and methadone (n = 23) intoxication.

Findings

Analyses revealed that 41.88% of all deceased showed aspiration of gastric contents with equal gender distribution (p = 0.59). Aspiration was more frequent in younger deceased (χ2 = 8.7936; p = 0.012) and in deceased with higher body mass index (BMI) (χ2 = 6.2441; p = 0.044). Blood opioid concentration was lower in deceased with signs of aspiration than in non-aspirators (p = 0.013). Toxicological evaluation revealed a high degree of concomitant substance abuse (91%)—benzodiazepines (61.6%) and/or alcohol (21.8%).

Conclusions

There are lower opioid concentrations in deceased with signs of aspiration, a fact which strongly points to aspiration as alternative cause of death in opioid-related fatalities. Furthermore, this study highlights the common abuse of slow-release oral morphine in Vienna and discusses alternative medications in substitution programs (buprenorphine/naloxone or tamper-resistant slow-release oral morphine preparations), as they might reduce intravenous abuse and opioid-related deaths.
Should I stop or should I go on? Disease modifying therapy after the first clinical episode of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Monschein Tobias , Salhofer-Polanyi Sabine , Altmann Patrick , Zrzavy Tobias , Dal-Bianco Assunta , Bsteh Gabriel , Rommer Paulus , Berger Thomas , Leutmezer Fritz
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Treatment with disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) represents standard care in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients nowadays. Since a proportion of patients may show no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) after some time of treatment, the question might arise about the risks of stopping DMT.

Methods

We present a cohort of 49 patients who started DMT immediately after CIS and had no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) for at least five years before discontinuation of therapy. Thereafter, patients underwent clinical and MRI follow-up for at least five consecutive years.

Results

Of 49 patients discontinuing DMT, 53% (n = 26) had NEDA for at least further five years, while 47% (n = 23) showed either a relapse/disease progression (18.4%, n = 9), MRI activity (14.3%, n = 7) or both (14.3%, n = 7). The main predictive factor for sustained NEDA was age at DMT termination. Patients aged > 45 years had a significantly lower risk of disease reactivation (13% vs. 54% in patients aged < 45 years, p < 0.001) after DMT discontinuation.

Discussion

In CIS patients with immediate DMT after their first clinical episode, older age at the time of DMT discontinuation is the main predictive factor for sustained NEDA status.
Apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Mostafaei Hadi , Pradere Benjamin , Motlagh Reza Sari , Quhal Fahad , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Schuettfort Victor M. , Abufaraj Mohammad , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F.
Published: September 2020

Management of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) has undergone a paradigm shift with next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors. However, direct comparative data are not available to inform treatment decisions and/or guideline recommendations. Therefore, we performed network meta-analysis to indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of currently available treatments. Multiple databases were searched for articles published before June 2020. Studies that compared overall and/or metastasis-free and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (OS/MFS/PSA-PFS) and/or adverse events (AEs) in nmCRPC patients were considered eligible. Three studies (n = 4117) met our eligibility criteria. Formal network meta-analyses were conducted. For MFS, apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide were significantly more effective than placebo, and apalutamide emerged as the best option (P score: 0.8809). Apalutamide [hazard ratio (HR): 0.85, 95% credible interval (CrI): 0.77–0.94] and enzalutamide (HR: 0.86, 95% CrI: 0.78–0.95) were both significantly more effective than darolutamide. For PSA-PFS, all three agents were statistically superior to placebo, and apalutamide emerged as the likely preferred option (P score: 1.000). Apalutamide (HR: 0.71, 95% CrI: 0.69–0.74) and enzalutamide (HR: 0.76, 95% CrI: 0.74–0.79) were both significantly more effective than darolutamide. For AEs (including all AEs, grade 3 or grade 4 AEs, grade 5 AEs, and discontinuation rates), darolutamide was the likely best option. Apalutamide and enzalutamide appear to be more efficacious agents for therapy of nmCRPC, while darolutamide appears to have the most favorable tolerability profile. These findings may facilitate individualized treatment strategies and inform future direct comparative trials.
A Combined In Vivo, In Vitro, In Silico Approach for Patient-Specific Haemodynamic Studies of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Bonfanti Mirko , Franzetti Gaia , Homer-Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Díaz-Zuccarini Vanessa , Balabani Stavroula
Published: September 2020

The optimal treatment of Type-B aortic dissection (AD) is still a subject of debate, with up to 50% of the cases developing late-term complications requiring invasive intervention. A better understanding of the patient-specific haemodynamic features of AD can provide useful insights on disease progression and support clinical management. In this work, a novel in vitro and in silico framework to perform personalised studies of AD, informed by non-invasive clinical data, is presented. A Type-B AD was investigated in silico using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and in vitro by means of a state-of-the-art mock circulatory loop and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Both models not only reproduced the anatomical features of the patient, but also imposed physiologically-accurate and personalised boundary conditions. Experimental flow rate and pressure waveforms, as well as detailed velocity fields acquired via PIV, are extensively compared against numerical predictions at different locations in the aorta, showing excellent agreement. This work demonstrates how experimental and numerical tools can be developed in synergy to accurately reproduce patient-specific AD blood flow. The combined platform presented herein constitutes a powerful tool for advanced haemodynamic studies for a range of vascular conditions, allowing not only the validation of CFD models, but also clinical decision support, surgical planning as well as medical device innovation.
Navigating Between the Plots: A Narratological and Ethical Analysis of Business-Related Conspiracy Theories (BrCTs)
Authors: Alemany Oliver Mathieu
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces the concept of business-related conspiracy theories (BrCTs). Drawing on Aristotelian virtue ethics and undertaking a narratological and ethical analysis of 28 BrCTs found online, I emphasize that BrCTs are narratives with structures rooted in other latent macro- and meta-narratives, including centuries-old myths. In particular, I reconstruct the fictional world (diegesis) of BrCTs – one in which CSR and social contracts have failed – before identifying eight different types of actors as which people can morally situate themselves in their relationships with business. Finally, I elaborate on the actors’ performances and their use of external and legitimate forces to end the story. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential future research to help combat BrCTs, as well as a call for the critical study of political CSR.
How cognitive links and decision-making capacity shape sectoral experts’ recognition of climate knowledge for adaptation
Authors: Skelton Maurice
Published: September 2020

Scientific climate knowledge is often argued to be a key ingredient in climate adaptation. Focusing on individual sectors and institutions, researchers have given insights as to how climate knowledge is reframed according to institutional cultures and priorities. This study extends such scholarship by comparing how four sectors—greenspace management, building technology, spatial planning, and health—perceive, judge, transfer, and appropriate knowledge on urban heatwaves, and what adaptation options are proposed. Based on semi-structured interviews, documentary materials and observations of two workshops collected in two Swiss cities, I draw on Eviatar Zerubavel and his ‘cultural cognitive sociology’ whose work emphasises how collectively shared patterns of recognition and thinking guide and facilitate human judgement. I find two factors to influence knowledge appropriation. On the one hand, the formative dimension of knowledge underscores that experts understand climate knowledge similarly when a sector shares key concepts with climate science. If such ‘cognitive links’ are missing, the answers on how heatwaves impact experts’ work are more varied. On the other hand, the performative dimension of knowledge highlights that experts’ eagerness to adapt is influenced by diverging technical, legal, and social possibilities. When experts’ decision scope is large, then uptake of climate knowledge is more fluid. With a more explicit understanding of why sectors differ in their appropriation and integration of climate knowledge into their work, this study is a reminder that only fitting knowledge is of value to sectoral experts.
The significance of bug report elements
Authors: Soltani Mozhan , Hermans Felienne , Bäck Thomas
Published: September 2020

Open source software projects often use issue repositories, where project contributors submit bug reports. Using these repositories, more bugs in software projects may be identified and fixed. However, the content and therefore quality of bug reports vary. In this study, we aim to understand the significance of different elements in bug reports. We interviewed 35 developers to gain insights into their perceptions on the importance of various contents in bug reports. To assess our findings, we surveyed 305 developers. The results show developers find it highly important that bug reports include crash description, reproducing steps or test cases, and stack traces. Software version, fix suggestions, code snippets, and attached contents have lower importance for software debugging. Furthermore, to evaluate the quality of currently available bug reports, we mined issue repositories of 250 most popular projects on Github. Statistical analysis on the mined issues shows that crash reproducing steps, stack traces, fix suggestions, and user contents, have statistically significant impact on bug resolution times, for ∼70%, ∼76%, ∼55%, and ∼33% of the projects. However, on avarage, over 70% of bug reports lack these elements.
On the influence of individual differences in cross-modal Mulsemedia QoE
Authors: Kani-Zabihi Elahe , Hussain Nadia , Mesfin Gebremariam , Covaci Alexandra , Ghinea Gheorghita
Published: September 2020

Quality of Experience (QoE) is inextricably linked to the human side of the multimedia experience. Whilst there has been a considerable amount of research undertaken to explore the various dimensions of QoE, one facet which been relatively unexplored is the role of individual differences in determining an individual’s QoE. Whereas this is certainly true of multimedia applications, when it comes to mulsemedia (multiple media engaging three or more human senses) this is even more so, given its emerging and novel nature. Accordingly, in this paper we report the results of a study which investigated the role that individual differences (such as age, gender, education, and smell sensitivity) have on QoE, when mulsemedia incorporating olfactory and haptic stimuli is experienced in cross-modal environments. Our results reveal that whilst users had a satisfying overall mulsemedia experience the specific use of cross modally matched odours did not result in significantly higher QoE levels than when a control scent (rosemary) was employed. However, aspects of QoE are impacted upon by all individual differences dimensions considered in our study.
Assessment of handheld mobile terrestrial laser scanning for estimating tree parameters
Authors: Stal Cornelis , Verbeurgt Jeffrey , De Sloover Lars , De Wulf Alain
Published: September 2020

Sustainable forest management heavily relies on the accurate estimation of tree parameters. Among others, the diameter at breast height (DBH) is important for extracting the volume and mass of an individual tree. For systematically estimating the volume of entire plots, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data are used. The estimation model is frequently calibrated using manual DBH measurements or static terrestrial laser scans (STLS) of sample plots. Although reliable, this method is time-consuming, which greatly hampers its use. Here, a handheld mobile terrestrial laser scanning (HMTLS) was demonstrated to be a useful alternative technique to precisely and efficiently calculate DBH. Different data acquisition techniques were applied at a sample plot, then the resulting parameters were comparatively analysed. The calculated DBH values were comparable to the manual measurements for HMTLS, STLS, and ALS data sets. Given the comparability of the extracted parameters, with a reduced point density of HTMLS compared to STLS data, and the reasonable increase of performance, with a reduction of acquisition time with a factor of 5 compared to conventional STLS techniques and a factor of 3 compared to manual measurements, HMTLS is considered a useful alternative technique.
Thermodynamic modeling and correlations of CH4, C2H6, CO2, H2S, and N2 hydrates with cage occupancies
Authors: Khan Shadman H. , Kumari Anupama , Dixit G. , Majumder Chandrajit B. , Arora Amit
Published: September 2020

The present work focuses on developing a framework for accurate prediction of thermodynamic conditions for single-component hydrates, namely CH4, CO2, N2, H2S, and C2H6 (coded in MATLAB). For this purpose, an exhaustive approach is adopted by incorporating eight different equations of states, namely Peng–Robinson, van der Waals, Soave–Redlich–Kwong, Virial, Redlich–Kwong, Tsai-Teja, Patel, and Esmaeilzadeh–Roshanfekr, with the well-known van der Waals–Platteeuw model. Overall, for I–H–V phase region, the Virial and van der Waals equation of state gives the most accurate predictions with minimum AAD%. For Lw–H–V phase region, Peng–Robinson equation of state is found to yield the most accurate predictions with overall AAD of 3.36%. Also, genetic programming algorithm is adopted to develop a generalized correlation. Overall, the correlation yields quick estimation with an average deviation of less than 1%. The accurate estimation yields a minimal AAD of 0.32% for CH4, 1.93% for C2H6, 0.77% for CO2, 0.64% for H2S, and 0.72% for N2. The same correlation can be employed for fitting phase equilibrium data for other hydrates too. The tuning parameter, n, is to be used for fine adjustment to the phase equilibrium data. The findings of this study can help for a better understanding of phase equilibrium and cage occupancy behavior of different gas hydrates. The accuracy in phase equilibria is intimately related to industrial applications such as crude oil transportation, solid separation, and gas storage. To date, no single correlation is available in the literature that can accurately predict phase equilibria for multiple hydrate species. The novelty of the present work lies in both the accuracy and generalizability of the proposed correlation in predicting the phase equilibrium data. The genetic programming generalized correlation is convenient for performing quick equilibrium prediction for industrial applications.
Gaming Disorder: How to Translate Behavioral Neuroscience Into Public Health Advances
Authors: Antons Stephanie , Müller Silke M. , Liebherr Magnus , Brand Matthias
Published: September 2020

Purpose of Review

Gaming disorder (GD), meanwhile classified as a mental disorder in both DSM-5 and ICD-11, is a current public health issue. Theoretical models assume core psychological processes, such as cue reactivity, craving, reward processing, decision-making, cognitive biases, inhibitory control, and stress relief, to be crucially involved in the development and maintenance of GD. This review summarizes neuroscientific findings on these processes in the context of GD as well as treatments and intervention programs addressing these processes.

Recent Findings

We identified overlaps regarding the involvement of neural structures and networks related to psychological processes which may be targeted by public health programs. Complex interactions between executive control, salience, reward, and habit networks are crucially linked to processes involved in GD and public health programs respectively.

We point at the difficulties of making one to one assignments of neural networks to psychological processes or interventions. Furthermore, new treatment and prevention programs of GD are discussed pointing at possible future directions for neuroscientific research and treatment programs for GD.
Some Liouville theorems for stationary Navier-Stokes equations in Lebesgue and Morrey spaces
Authors: Chamorro Diego , Jarrín Oscar , Lemarié-Rieusset Pierre-Gilles
Published: September 2020

Uniqueness of Leray solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations is a challenging open problem. In this article we will study this problem for the 3D stationary Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space

\mathbb{R}^{3}

. Under some additional hypotheses, stated in terms of Lebesgue and Morrey spaces, we will show that the trivial solution

\overrightarrow U= 0

is the unique solution. This type of results are known as Liouville theorems.
Existence of multi-solitons for the focusing Logarithmic Non-Linear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Ferriere Guillaume
Published: September 2020

We consider the logarithmic Schrödinger equation (logNLS) in the focusing regime. For this equation, Gaussian initial data remains Gaussian. In particular, the Gausson - a time-independent Gaussian function - is an orbitally stable solution. In this paper, we construct
multi-solitons
(or
multi-Gaussons
) for logNLS, with estimates in

H^{1} \cap \mathcal{F}(H^{1})

. We also construct solutions to logNLS behaving (in

L^{2}

) like a sum of

N

Gaussian solutions with different speeds (which we call
multi-gaussian
). In both cases, the convergence (as

t\rightarrow \infty

) is faster than exponential. We also prove a rigidity result on these constructed multi-gaussians and multi-solitons, showing that they are the only ones with such a convergence.

On considère l'équation de Schrödinger logarithmique (logNLS) en régime focalisant. Pour cette équation, les données initiales gaussiennes restent gaussiennes. En particulier, le Gausson - une fonction gaussienne indépendante du temps - est une solution orbitalement stable. Dans cet article, nous construisons des
multi-solitons
(ou
multi-Gaussons
) pour logNLS, avec estimées dans

H^{1} \cap \mathcal{F}(H^{1})

. Nous construisons également des solutions à logNLS se comportant (dans

L^{2}

) comme une somme de

N

solutions gaussiennes avec différentes vitesses (que nous appelons
multi-gaussiennes
). Pour chaque cas, la convergence (pour

t\rightarrow \infty

) est plus rapide qu'exponentielle. Nous prouvons également un résultat de rigidité sur ces multi-gaussiennes et multi-solitons construits, en montrant que ce sont les seuls avec une telle convergence.
The third order Benjamin–Ono equation on the torus: Well-posedness, traveling waves and stability
Authors: Gassot Louise
Published: September 2020

We consider the third order Benjamin–Ono equation on the torus

\partial _{t}u = \partial _{x}\left(−\partial _{xx}u−\frac{3}{2}uH\partial _{x}u−\frac{3}{2}H(u\partial _{x}u) + u^{3}\right).

We prove that for any

t \in \mathbb{R}

, the flow map continuously extends to

H_{r,0}^{s}(\mathbb{T})

if

s \geq 0

, but does not admit a continuous extension to

H_{r,0}^{−s}(\mathbb{T})

if

0 < s < \frac{1}{2}

. Moreover, we show that the extension is weakly sequentially continuous in

H_{r,0}^{s}(\mathbb{T})

if

s > 0

, but is not weakly sequentially continuous in

L_{r,0}^{2}(\mathbb{T})

. We then classify the traveling wave solutions for the third order Benjamin-Ono equation in

L_{r,0}^{2}(\mathbb{T})

and study their orbital stability.
The existence of full dimensional invariant tori for 1-dimensional nonlinear wave equation
Authors: Cong Hongzi , Yuan Xiaoping
Published: September 2020

In this paper we prove the existence and linear stability of full dimensional tori with subexponential decay for 1-dimensional nonlinear wave equation with external parameters, which relies on the method of KAM theory and the idea proposed by Bourgain [9].
Shifting Design Paradigms: Why Tomorrow's International Economic Law May Look More Like the Tax Regime than the WTO
Authors: Alschner Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Rampant unilateralism, insistence on national sovereignty, a wariness of multilateral institutions and third-party adjudication—for international trade lawyers, this is the stuff of nightmares. For international tax lawyers, these are the normal operating parameters of the international tax regime. In fact, the same forces that are currently unraveling the World Trade Organization (WTO) are simultaneously enabling pragmatic and creative reforms of international tax law. Ruth Mason's account of the Transformation of International Tax invites us to draw broader lessons on how international economic law could adapt to survive and even thrive in a political environment increasingly hostile towards WTO-style multilateralism.
Impact of Arctic sea ice floe-scale anisotropy on airborne electromagnetic surveys
Authors: Negrel Jean , Divine Dmitry V. , Gerland Sebastian
Published: September 2020

Airborne electromagnetic induction sensors have demonstrated their extensive capacities to measure sea-ice thickness distributions. However, biases can emerge when comparing these 1-D measurements to a broader 2-D regional scale due to the spatial anisotropy inherent to sea-ice cover. Automated processing of available sea-ice maps could significantly ease the decision on how to set up an optimised flight pattern, which would result in representative ice thickness numbers for the region. In this study, first we investigate the extent to which the sea-ice anisotropy can influence the representativeness of an airborne survey compared to the regional situation. Second, we propose a method to process sea-ice maps prior to flights to help preparing the most representative flight plan possible for the local area. The method is based on automated segmentation of radar satellite images and extensive simulation of flight transects over the image. The spatial analysis of these transects enables for the identification of the most representative survey trajectories for the area. The method was applied for seven different synthetic aperture radar satellite images over Arctic sea ice north of Svalbard. The results indicate that the proposed method improved the representativeness of the airborne survey by identifying the most suitable transect over the ice pack.
Participatory Workshop-Based Intervention for Better Preparedness and Awareness About Disaster Management Among Accredited Social Health Activists in India: A Brief Report
Authors: Thomas Jose Jom , H Chandana , Kulkarni Praveen , B Prakash , M. R. Narayana Murthy
Published: September 2020

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training programs in improving the knowledge about disaster management among Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in Mysuru, India.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 40 ASHAs of 3 Primary Health Centers in Mysuru district. A 3-h disaster management training and workshop followed by a mock-drill was organized in each center. Knowledge about disaster preparedness and management was assessed before and 1 mo after the intervention using a questionnaire by interview method. The data obtained were entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using licensed SPSS 22 software.

Results:

The mean score obtained by the ASHAs in pretraining assessment was 37.2 ± 10.4. Improvement was evident in the knowledge and preparedness of ASHAs 1 mo after the training, which showed a mean score of 90.14 ± 5.05. This change in score was statistically significant with a P-value < 0.001 on performing a paired t-test.

Conclusion:

Training programs with mock drills and hands-on activities are effective in improving the knowledge of frontline health workers about disaster management. We recommend such training to be organized in all public health facilities.
Cloth Face Coverings for Use as Facemasks During the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: What Science and Experience Have Taught Us
Authors: Roberge Raymond J. , Roberge Marc R.
Published: September 2020

The current coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) pandemic has resulted in severe shortages of personal protective equipment, including respiratory protective equipment, such as N95 respirators. This has led some government agencies to suggest the use of cloth face coverings (CFCs) by health-care providers and the general public as a last resort when standard respiratory protective equipment is unavailable. Although such coverings have been in use for over a century and have found widespread use during some previous pandemics, research data are relatively scant for the protective value of this measure. This article, a literature review, explores the development of CFCs and reviews available scientific research regarding the efficacy of this intervention as a preventive measure in the spread of airborne infectious diseases
Antarctic ice sheet response to sudden and sustained ice-shelf collapse (ABUMIP)
Authors: Sun Sainan , Pattyn Frank , Simon Erika G. , Albrecht Torsten , Cornford Stephen , Calov Reinhard , Dumas Christophe , Gillet-Chaulet Fabien , Goelzer Heiko , Golledge Nicholas R. , Greve Ralf , Hoffman Matthew J. , Humbert Angelika , Kazmierczak Elise , Kleiner Thomas , Leguy Gunter R. , Lipscomb William H. , Martin Daniel , Morlighem Mathieu , Nowicki Sophie , Pollard David , Price Stephen , Quiquet Aurélien , Seroussi Hélène , Schlemm Tanja , Sutter Johannes , van de Wal Roderik S. W. , Winkelmann Ricarda , Zhang Tong
Published: September 2020

Antarctica's ice shelves modulate the grounded ice flow, and weakening of ice shelves due to climate forcing will decrease their ‘buttressing’ effect, causing a response in the grounded ice. While the processes governing ice-shelf weakening are complex, uncertainties in the response of the grounded ice sheet are also difficult to assess. The Antarctic BUttressing Model Intercomparison Project (ABUMIP) compares ice-sheet model responses to decrease in buttressing by investigating the ‘end-member’ scenario of total and sustained loss of ice shelves. Although unrealistic, this scenario enables gauging the sensitivity of an ensemble of 15 ice-sheet models to a total loss of buttressing, hence exhibiting the full potential of marine ice-sheet instability. All models predict that this scenario leads to multi-metre (1–12 m) sea-level rise over 500 years from present day. West Antarctic ice sheet collapse alone leads to a 1.91–5.08 m sea-level rise due to the marine ice-sheet instability. Mass loss rates are a strong function of the sliding/friction law, with plastic laws cause a further destabilization of the Aurora and Wilkes Subglacial Basins, East Antarctica. Improvements to marine ice-sheet models have greatly reduced variability between modelled ice-sheet responses to extreme ice-shelf loss, e.g. compared to the SeaRISE assessments.
Brettanomics I: The Cost ofBrettanomycesin California Wine Production
Authors: Alston Julian M. , Arvik Torey , Hart Jarrett , Lapsley James T.
Published: September 2020

The yeast,Brettanomyces bruxellensis(Brett) is a significant cause of quality defects associated with red wine spoilage. At least some wine producers spend significant resources to prevent, detect, and mitigate damage from Brett, and many express concern about it, but some producers and consumers say they like it in small doses. Brett damage is especially of concern in premium red wine and has become more of a concern to producers in recent years as consumers have become better informed about it. We combine information from diverse sources to develop an initial understanding of the economics ofBrettanomycesand management practices to mitigate its consequences. An analysis of detailed confidential data from three wineries in California reveals that at least some wineries are incurring significant costs to reduce the risk of infection withBrettanomyces. Some other wineries that opt not to spend so much on prevention are incurring higher costs in treating infected wines and in lost value from wines being downgraded to lower-valued blends. Results from an online survey of industry participants reinforce the analysis of the detailed data from the three wineries and suggest that the findings may be indicative of conditions more generally across the industry. (JEL Classifications: D22, D24, L66)
The effect of energy restriction on development and progression of chronic kidney disease: review of the current evidence
Authors: Afsar Baris , Afsar Rengin Elsurer , Copur Sidar , Sag Alan A. , Ortiz Alberto , Kanbay Mehmet
Published: September 2020

Energy restriction (ER) has anti-ageing effects and probably protects from a range of chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, ER has a positive impact on experimental kidney ageing, CKD (diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease) and acute kidney injury (nephrotoxic, ischaemia–reperfusion injury) through such mechanisms as increased autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA repair, and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Key molecules contributing to ER-mediated kidney protection include adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1 and PPAR-γcoactivator 1α. However, CKD is a complex condition, and ER may potentially worsen CKD complications such as protein–energy wasting, bone–mineral disorders and impaired wound healing. ER mimetics are drugs, such as metformin and Na–glucose co-transporter-2 which mimic the action of ER. This review aims to provide comprehensive data regarding the effect of ER on CKD progression and outcomes.
Probiotics and Coronavirus disease 2019: think about the link
Authors: Angurana Suresh Kumar , Bansal Arun
Published: September 2020

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly progressing, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Various antiviral drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs and immunomodulators have been tried without substantial clinical benefits. The severe and critical cases of COVID-19 disease are characterised by gut microbiome dysbiosis, immune dysregulation, hyper-inflammation and hypercytokinaemia (cytokine storm). Therefore, the strategies which target these pathophysiological processes may be beneficial. Probiotics are one such strategy that exerts beneficial effects by manipulation of the gut microbiota, suppression of opportunistic pathogens in the gut, decreasing translocation of opportunistic organisms, activation of mucosal immunity and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. Probiotics are the potential candidates to be tested in moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 due to several beneficial effects, including easy availability, easy to administer, safe and economical to use.
The Big Reveal: COVID-19 and Globalization's Great Transformations
Authors: McNamara Kathleen R. , Newman Abraham L.
Published: September 2020

Analysis of the post-COVID world tends to gravitate to one of two poles. For some, the pandemic is a crisis that will reshuffle the decks, producing a fundamental reordering of global politics. For others, the basic principles of the international order are likely to remain much the same, driven largely by the emerging bipolar system between the US and China. We find both narratives dissatisfying, as the former overinterprets the causal role of the pandemic itself, while the latter underappreciates the critical ways in which global politics have been transformed beyond the state-centered system of the Cold War. We argue instead that the pandemic exposes underlying trends already at work and forces scholars to open the aperture on how we study globalization. Most centrally, we contend that globalization needs to be seen not just as a distributional game of winners and losers but rather a more profoundly transformational game that reshapes identities, redefines channels of power and authority, and generates new sites for contentious politics. We draw on emerging work to sketch out a theoretical frame for thinking about the politics of globalization, and assess some of the key policy arenas where COVID-19 is accelerating the transformative effects of globalization. In so doing, we suggest a roadmap to a post-pandemic research agenda for studying global markets that more fully captures these transformations and their implications for world politics.
Nasal localization of aPseudoterranova decipienslarva in a Danish patient with suspected allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nordholm A. , Kurtzhals J.A.L. , Karami A.M. , Kania P.W. , Buchmann K.
Published: September 2020

Pseudoterranoviasis is a zoonotic disease caused by nematode larvae of species within the genusPseudoterranova(seal worm, cod worm). Most infections are gastrointestinal, oesophageal or pharyngeal, but here we report a nasal infection. A 33-year-old patient suffering from rhinitis for 1.5 years recovered a worm larva from the nose. Diagnosis was performed by morphological and molecular characterization, showing the causative agent to be a third-stage larva ofPseudoterranova decipiens(sensu stricto). Various infection routes are discussed.
Evidence for enemy release in invasive common daceLeuciscus leuciscusin Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review
Authors: Tierney P.A. , Caffrey J.M. , Matthews S.M. , Costantini E. , Holland C.V.
Published: September 2020

Invasive species lose parasites in the process of invasion and tend to be less parasitized than conspecifics in the native range and sympatric native species in the invasive range (enemy release). We evaluated enemy release in an invasive freshwater fish in Ireland, common daceLeuciscus leuciscus, using helminth parasite community surveys at the core and front of the invasive range of common dace. Furthermore, we undertook a systematic literature review of helminth infection in common dace across its native range in Great Britain and Europe and invasive range in Ireland. The helminth parasite community survey revealed that invasive common dace were infected with fewer helminth species at the invasion front than at the core. Four helminth taxa – Acanthocephala, Monogenea, Digenea and Nematoda – were present in dace at the invasion core compared to only a single helminth species (Pomphorhynchus tereticollis) at the front. The systematic review revealed that invasive common dace in Ireland hosted fewer species of helminths than common dace in the native range. We report a total of three helminth species in common dace in Ireland compared to 24 in Great Britain and 84 in Continental Europe. Our results support the hypotheses that invasive populations are less parasitized than native populations and that more recently established populations host fewer parasites. However, we demonstrate that invasive species may continue to experience release from parasites long after initial invasion.
The Artistic Metaphor
Authors: Dixon Daisy
Published: September 2020

Philosophical analysis of metaphor in the non-linguistic arts has been biased towards what I call the ‘aesthetic metaphor’: metaphors in non-linguistic art are normally understood as being completely formed by the work'sinternalcontent, that is, by its perceptual and aesthetic properties such as its images. I aim to unearth and analyse a neglected type of metaphor also used by the non-linguistic arts: the ‘artistic metaphor’, as I call it. An artistic metaphor is composed by an artwork's internal content, but also by itsexternalcontent, which is provided by the work's artistic properties such as its history. The artistic metaphor has been gestured at but not afforded a considered analysis; I aim to do this. Identifying the artistic metaphor has at least two benefits. It shows how curation plays a role in generating metaphors in artworks, which has been overlooked, and it illuminates a potentially powerful tool to interpret and understand ‘conceptual’ art.
Can Multiple Realisation be Explained?
Authors: Franklin Alexander
Published: September 2020

Multiple realisation prompts the question: how is it that multiple systems all exhibit the same phenomena despite their different underlying properties? In this paper I develop a framework for addressing that question and argue that multiple realisation can be reductively explained. I illustrate this position by applying the framework to a simple example – the multiple realisation of electrical conductivity. I defend my account by addressing potential objections:contra(e.g.) Polger and Shapiro (2016), Batterman (2018), and Sober (1999), I claim that multiple realisation is commonplace, that it can be reductively explained, but that it requires asui generisreductive explanatory strategy.
Polygenic risk for ADHD and ASD and their relation with cognitive measures in school children
Authors: Aguilar-Lacasaña Sofía , Vilor-Tejedor Natàlia , Jansen Philip R. , López-Vicente Mònica , Bustamante Mariona , Burgaleta Miguel , Sunyer Jordi , Alemany Silvia
Published: September 2020

Background

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are child-onset neurodevelopmental disorders frequently accompanied by cognitive difficulties. In the current study, we aim to examine the genetic overlap between ADHD and ASD and cognitive measures of working memory (WM) and attention performance among schoolchildren using a polygenic risk approach.

Methods

A total of 1667 children from a population-based cohort aged 7–11 years with data available on genetics and cognition were included in the analyses. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for ADHD and ASD using results from the largest GWAS to date (N= 55 374 andN= 46 351, respectively). The cognitive outcomes included verbal and numerical WM and the standard error of hit reaction time (HRTSE) as a measure of attention performance. These outcomes were repeatedly assessed over 1-year period using computerized version of the Attention Network Test andn-back task. Associations were estimated using linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Higher polygenic risk for ADHD was associated with lower WM performance at baseline time but not over time. These findings remained significant after adjusting by multiple testing and excluding individuals with an ADHD diagnosis but were limited to boys. PRS for ASD was only nominally associated with an increased improvement on verbal WM over time, although this association did not survive multiple testing correction. No associations were observed for HRTSE.

Conclusions

Common genetic variants related to ADHD may contribute to worse WM performance among schoolchildren from the general population but not to the subsequent cognitive-developmental trajectory assessed over 1-year period.