bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Learning to Write Invitation Letters Using Project Based Learning Models and Expository Models for Class V Elementary School Students
Authors: . Nilawat , Zulaeha Ida , . Wagiran
Published: January 2022

The aims of this study were (1) to explain the effectiveness of learning to write invitation letters using a project based learning model for fifth grade elementary school students, (2) to explain the effectiveness of learning to write invitation letters using an expository model for fifth grade elementary school students, (3) to find out differences in the level of the effectiveness of learning to write invitation letters with project based learning models and expository models for fifth grade elementary school students. The research designs used in this study were quasi-experiment designs. The results of this study 1) Learning to write invitation letters with a project based learning model had an effect on increasing learning outcomes in writing invitation letters for fifth grade elementary school students, 2) Learning to write invitation letters with an expository model had an effect on increasing learning outcomes in writing invitation letters at fifth grade elementary school students, 3) learning to write invitation letters with an expository model was better than project based learning model learning in improving learning outcomes to write invitation letters for fifth grade elementary school students.

Keywords: Learning to write invitation letters, project-based learning models, expository models.
Uterine Contractile Activity and Abortifacient Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Euphorbia heterophylla L. Leaves in Albino Rats
Authors: Elemo Olubunmi O. , Akinyede Akinwunmi A. , Oreagba Ibrahim  A. , Nicholas-Okpara Viola A. , Unuofin Jeremiah O.
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Euphorbia heterophylla Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is a promising medicinal plant used as an oxytocic in folkloric medicine. The study investigated the uterotonic and abortifacient effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia heterophylla (AEEH).  

Methods: GC-MS analysis of AEEH was done. In vitro experiment on the contractile activity of AEEH was conducted on the uterus of nulliparous female Sprague Dawley rats using an isolated organ bath. The abortifacient activity of the extract was determined in pregnant rats orally administered 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg AEEH for five consecutive days.

Results: GC-MS analysis of AEEH revealed high amounts of 1-butanol 3-methyl acetate, benzofuran,2,3-dihydro-, 2-methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, and sucrose. Some of the classes of compounds identified in the extract such as phenols, terpenoids, fatty acids, aldehydes, steroid, and glucoside have been associated with uterotonic and abortifacient properties. The extract (0.125-4 mg/mL) was able to enhance the contractile activity of uterine smooth muscles (EC50 = 3.39 × 10-1 mg/mL) similar to oxytocin (EC50 = 3.99 × 10-4 mg/mL) and acetylcholine (EC50=2.68 × 10-4 mg/mL). Pre-treatment with salbutamol, indomethacin, and stimulation in a calcium-deprived medium significantly (P<0.0001) reduced uterine contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of the aqueous extract. However, there was no significant change in uterine contraction in tissues pre-treated with atropine. The aqueous extract induced abortion in 50%, and 83.33% of the animals at 200, and 400 mg/kg respectively when orally administered to pregnant rats for five days. 

Conclusions: This study demonstrates the uterotonic and abortifacient effects of AEEH and supports the ethnomedicinal use of the plant as an oxytocic.
LACK OF TRANSPARENCY AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION IN PAKISTAN: AN ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT’S FUNCTIONING AND REALISTIC POLICY OPTIONS FOR REFORM
Authors:   University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan, Mumtaz Tahira , Tariq Sumbal ,   University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Pakistan is in grave need of transparency and freedom of information. The public expects policymakers to design policies and device measures to give them the right to look into the public records and track corruption. However, transparency and freedom of information are not much debatable topics in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of a transparent political process and bring into light the loopholes existing in Pakistan. When it comes to the public's rights, they are only aware of five fundamental living rights: food, education, clothing, shelter, and the right to live. The majority of Pakistani Public have no idea of right to education as they consider it a secondary need. Transparency and freedom of information are imperative for any country to reduce corruption and ensure good governance. When the authorized parties know that they are being tracked and observed by the public (which is the ultimate authority to elect any government), their level of efficiency and honesty in performance becomes high. This research aims to highlight the importance of transparency and analyze the reasons that hinder Pakistan's fair and transparent political process. This research accentuates the issue and finds out some solutions and ordinances passed in the near past as it is imperative to shed light on creating awareness among the masses for the better future of Pakistan. Keywords: Government, Institutions, Public, Good Governance, Information, Transparency, Political Parties, Secrecy
COMMERCIALIZATION COVERT APPROACH AND TOURISM
Authors:   Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Bashir Junaid , Arif Anas Mahmud ,   Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Khan Owais ,   Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Published: January 2022

Media has developed a capability to influence the modern world to think/behave in a certain direction, casting a huge impact among new generation as recent studies have shown that the new generation has started neglecting critical and social aspects of life. Children have started to engage themselves in smartphones and games, and have lost their interest in physical activities and communicating skills. In the past, families used to plan their visits to the touristic attractions and museums/monuments along with children being more excited than anyone else, but with the invention of online gaming and other attractions at the ease of accessibility at home, this trend is changing, impacting the collective decisions for use of spare time preferring in-house activities rather plan visits to outdoor attractions. The new generation started throwing tantrums and anger issues which were not evident prior to this technological revolution. Children are bombarded with modern technology which cast negative impact in the minds of the children as the kids of this generation are more regularly in contact with technology and gadgets. The technological advancement in media is changing the lifestyles, thought processes, and somehow isolating us to the inner selves, preventing to enjoying the nature oriented outer world and tourism. Technology generation observe human emotions in a mechanical way at a very young age and hence eventually develop these traits. Keywords: Materialistc Approch, Values, Children behavior, Media impact, Culture, Tantrum/ Frustration
LOCUS OF CONTROL, DELAY OF GRATIFICATION AND ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES
Authors:   Bahria University (Lahore Campus), Pakistan, Chaudhry Musfirah Nasr , Tariq Omama ,   University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore the relationship among Locus of Control (LOC), Delay of gratification (DOG) and Adherence to treatment (ATT) in people living with type 2 diabetes (PLWT2D), who are overweight and normal weight. A sample of 100 PLWT2D, including 50 overweight (body mass index≥23) and 50 normal weight (body mass index=18.50–22.99), was recruited via purposive sampling technique. Delay of Gratification Inventory, Adult Nowicki-Strickland, Internal-External Control Scale and Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities Measure were used. Pearson product-moment correlation, independent sample t-test and testing mediation with regression analysis were used for analysis. The results indicated that adherence to treatment and delay of gratification showed a negative relationship with locus of control while treatment adherence showed a positive relationship with delay of gratification. The results also showed that delay of gratification completely mediated the association between adherence to treatment and locus of control (p>.003). There was no difference between locus of control, delay of gratification and adherence to treatment in overweight and normal-weight PLWT2D. The present study results would be beneficial for PLWT2D, counsellors, and doctors to help explore these factors while planning management and implementing them in daily life activities. Keywords: Delay of gratification, Adherence to treatment, diabetes, Locus of control.
FISCAL POLICY IN PAKISTAN: THE POLITICS OF DISTRIBUTION IN A CHANGING LANDSCAPE
Authors:   University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal. Pakistan, Abdullah Muhammad , Shoukat Ayza ,   University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal. Pakistan, Chaudhary Muhammad Gulzaib ,   GC University, Lahore. Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Fiscal policy aims primarily at controlling aggregate demand but in developing countries, the aims and objectives of fiscal policy are much extended. Due to the important role of fiscal policy in maintaining macroeconomic stability, it must be carefully designed in a way to accelerate investment, on one hand, and on the other hand, it must redistribute the resources from socially less desirable to more desirable investment channels. The efficient allocation and distribution of resources can help to narrow the income gap and economic discrepancies among different social groups. Instead, if the resource distribution is politicized, the whole picture would be reversed. The present study analyzes the objective of equitable distribution of income and wealth with the practice of political distribution in Pakistan. Despite the objective of equitable distribution of income and wealth, political actors from federal and provincial governments spend public funds to achieve political goals rather than on development-oriented programs. These investments secure the political interests of those actors. Also, the selection of projects and the provision of subsidies are politicized.
Disability and Mental Ill-Health-Implications for Social Policy and Recommendations in Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole Adeoye O.
Published: January 2022

The conceptual definition of disability has been predicated on the quest to balance the medical paradigm with the equally relevant social paradigm of disability. In this paper, I review current models of disability and their impact on interrelationships between disability and mental health disorders within the context of African socio-cultural concepts. I also propose a mental health paradigm through the biopsychosocial model in the management of the complex issues associated with disability. Health workers collaborating with religious and socio-cultural institutions can identify those at risk of grave mental health consequences and offer support to the individual and the family through proper counselling and guidance.
Achloride bread enriched with ɷ-3 fatty acids and dietary fibers
Authors: Юдина Тамара Алексеевна , Кандроков Роман Хажсетович , Матюнина Александра Владимировна , Зайцева Лариса Валентиновна
Published: January 2022

Разработана рецептура обогащенного ахлоридного хлеба с добавлением муки чиа и заменителя молочного жира (1,7 г омега-3 жирных кислот/100 г) совместно с подсолнечным маслом (соотношение 55:45) в количестве 1-2,5 % и 4,5 %, соответственно, от массы пшеничной муки. При внесении муки чиа не менее 1 % получен хлеб с содержанием омега-3 жирных кислот более 0,2 г/100 г и пищевых волокон более 3 г/100 г, что позволяет маркировать его, в соответствии с действующим законодательством, как «источник» этих нутриентов. При внесении муки чиа не менее 2,5 % получен хлеб с содержанием омега-3 жирных кислот более 0,4 г/100 г и пищевых волокон более 6 г/100 г, являющийся, в соответствии с действующим законодательством, продуктом «с высоким содержанием» этих нутриентов. Соотношение насыщенных жирных кислот к ненасыщенным в жировой фазе хлеба составляло 1:(2,5-3), при этом содержание полиненасыщенных жирных кислот составляло 46,9-52,3 % от суммы всех жирных кислот, что соответствует рекомендациям ВОЗ. Соотношение между омега-3 и омега-6 жирными кислотами в жировой фазе хлеба соответствовало рекомендациям российских ученых и составляло 1:(3,7-6). По физико-химическим и органолептическим характеристикам разработанный ахлоридный хлеб соответствовал нормативной документации. Обогащение ахлоридного хлеба дефицитными омега-3 и омега-6 жирными кислотами и пищевыми волокнами способствует его целевому назначению - профилактике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний.

A recipe has been developed for enriched achloride bread with the addition of chia flour and milk fat substitute (1.7 g of omega-3 fatty acids /100 g) together with sunflower oil (ratio 55:45) in the amount of 1-2.5 % and 4.5 %, respectively, from the mass of wheat flour. When chia flour was added at least 1 %, bread was obtained with an omega-3 fatty acid content of more than 0.2 g/100 g and dietary fiber more than 3 g/100 g, which allows it to be labeled in accordance with current legislation as a «source» of these nutrients. When chia flour was added at least 2.5 %, bread was obtained with an omega-3 fatty acid content of more than 0.4 g/100 g and dietary fiber more than 6 g /100 g, which, in accordance with the current legislation, is a product «with a high content» of these nutrients. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the fatty phase of bread was 1:(2.5-3), while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 46.9-52.3 % of the total fatty acids, which is in line with the WHO recommendations. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the fat phase of bread corresponded to the recommendations of Russian scientists and was 1:(3.7-6). In terms of physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics, the developed achloride bread corresponded to the normative documentation. Enrichment of achloride bread with deficient omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber contributes to its intended purpose - the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in waste water irrigated vegetables
Authors: Abdul Majeed  , Atif Muhmood  , Abid Niaz
Published: January 2022

Shortage of good quality irrigation water in present changing scenario of climate forces farmers to use waste water for growing vegetables in urban and peri-urban areas which resulted in buildup of heavy metal in the food chain. Three commonly grown vegetables of city Multan; Onion, Brinjal and Tomato irrigated with waste water were selected to examine the heavy metal contents. The vegetables samples were collected from Haji Block Industrial Estate areas irrigated by waste water due to shortage of canal water. Total thirty samples of three vegetable were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the vegetable samples were contaminated with Pb, Cd and Ni. This study suggests that in future, waste water should be used after treatment to save the health of the masses. The re-use of waste water will help in proper management of soil health and will also save the soil water resources under present climatic conditions.
Research on various image processing techniques
Authors: Maria Riasat
Published: January 2022

Digital image processing deals with the manipulation of digital images through a digital computer. It is a subfield of signals and systems but focuses particularly on images. DIP focuses on developing a computer system that can perform processing on an image. The input of that system is a digital image and the system process that image using efficient algorithms and gives an image as an output. The most common example is Adobe Photoshop. It is one of the widely used applications for processing digital images. The image processing techniques play a vital role in image Acquisition, image pre-processing, Clustering, Segmentation, and Classification techniques with different kinds of images such as Fruits, Medical, Vehicle, and Digital text images, etc. In this study, the various images remove unwanted noise and performance enhancement techniques such as contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization.
8-Dynamic Role of Knowledge Management in Pakistani Universities for Competitive Advantages
Authors: Shah Dr Rehmat , Minaz Dr Maksal , Akhtar Dr Zarina
Published: January 2022

Knowledge management is a relatively new branch of management sciences discussed by different researchers and experts. It offers opportunity for both organizational and individual advancement. The objectives of this paper were; to determine knowledge management principle use as a tool for competitive advantages in university of Pakistan, to find out what the approved supervisor thinks about era of knowledge management practices in Pakistani universities. In this descriptive study the population 4636 PhD faculty members from universities of Pakistan. Following multi-stage sampling techniques 465 PhD faculty members constituted the sample group. Data were collected through adapted Standardized Research Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through Descriptive analysis (Percentage) method was used to analyzed the data. The findings of this research reveal that in Pakistani universities, there is a dearth of understanding on how to use the knowledge management principle to obtain a competitive advantage. Respondents were aware of the benefits of knowledge management principles in higher education. Furthermore, knowledge management has never been widely used in Pakistani educational institutions as a means of gaining a competitive advantage. It was recommended that Ministry of Federal Education and Training, and universities of Pakistan have to design and integrate strategic plan for use of knowledge management principles for competitive advantages.
URDU21-Historical Study of Hamd-Nigari in Saraiki Language Saraiki
Authors: Rind Dr Ayaz Ahmad , Fiaz Hafiz Muhammad , Asghar Maqsoom
Published: January 2022

This research paper explains the style of praise of the Allah Almighty which has been written mainly in Saraiki language.  Praise here means praise of Allah Almighty. Allah created every living soul in this universe. Man, as the noblest of creatures, giving thanks to Allah, and praises Allah, is called Hamd. Saraiki Waseeb is traditionally called Indus Valley. The language of this region is Saraiki. It is very widespread languages are prominent. Man has always thought that there is a being far beyond his reach and that he is the one who created the universe. His power is omnipotent, even if it is human intent. Man must have had a relationship with his God in one way or another, whether it was arson or idolatry. Man praised his own God in his own way. We find the ancient literature of Saraiki language mostly in poetry in which the poetic genres like Hamd, Mawlood, Naat, Haliya Mubarak, Noornameh, Mirajnameh, Toldnameh, Hudhdnameh, Wasitnameh, Marsiya Nigari are prominent. In which poets have expressed their religious sentiments with great love. There are many forms of this belief but its background is the same which is the concept of one God.
Étnico-racial, o gênero e a segurança pública: apontamentos para uma investigação acadêmica
Authors: Miranda José , Mateus Santos Diego
Published: January 2022

O artigo apresenta bases epistemológicas sobre temas relativos aos ao étnico-racial, o gênero e a segurança pública, a partir da intersecionalidade e dos direitos humanos. As problemáticas suscitadas pelas temáticas são interdisciplinares e pensadas de forma transdisciplinares, sob a perspectiva dos grupos vulneráveis. Os atravessamentos temáticos ocorrem por descrever questões complexas e implicadas por raça, gênero e violência. Essas mesmas questões requerem um ‘olhar’ no qual variáveis precisam ser colocadas lado a lado e simultaneamente para verificação de sua força no processo de sujeição   ou de emancipação nos corpos dos agentes sociais. É uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, neste sentido, utiliza a praxeologia, abordagem que compatibiliza ideias estruturalistas e construtivistas, para isso, separa as representações do senso comum para demarcar as estruturas objetivas, o campo; em seguida, realça a experiencia imediata dos agentes pela noção de habitus. Portanto, o debate epistêmico sobre o étnico-racial, o gênero e a segurança a partir dos atravessamentos e da intersecionalidade possibilitam pluralidades investigativas bibliográficas e empíricas na premissa do desvelamento das relações de dominação, subalternidade, violência e racismo.
Edukasi Metode Be-Fast Guna Meningkatkan Self Awareness Terhadap Deteksi Dini Stroke
Authors: Simanjuntak Galvani Volta , Pardede Jek Amidos , Sinaga Janno
Published: January 2022

Hipertensi merupakan faktor pencetus terjadinya stroke. Menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kewaspadaan diri sangat penting dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya komplikasi suatu penyakit. Self awareness  mengenai pentingnya melakukan deteksi dini dapat menjadi upaya untuk mengurangi risiko terjadinya stroke pada orang yang menderita hipertensi. Salah satu metode deteksi dini untuk penderita stroke adalah metode BE-FAST. Metode BE-FAST adalah Balance (keluhan kehilangan keseimbangan atau pusing atau kepala yang berat sehingga cenderung berpegangan pada sesuatu atau duduk Kegiatan pengabdian masyakat ini dilakukan dalam bentuk promosi kesehatan melalui edukasi tentang BE-FAST yang disampaikan dengan metode ceramahbertujuan untuk meningkatkan self awareness terhadap deteksi dini stroke pada penyandang hipertensi. Kegiatan ini dihadiri diikuti 27 peserta. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jawaban benar peserta meningkat dari sebelum edukasi rata-rata 4 meningkat menjadi 8 setelah edukasi. Dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan, diharapkan penyandang hipertensi memiliki self awareness yang tinggi terhadap deteksi dini guna  menurunkan risiko terjadinya stroke.
Health literacy study on approaching forest and boosting immune system strategy
Authors: Sembiring Tamaulina Br , Maruf Irma Rachmawati , Susilo Catur Budi , Hidayatulloh A. Nururrochman , Bangkara B. M. A. S. Anaconda
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to look further at the immunity possessed by humans who live in rural areas compared to urban areas. The method of this research is qualitative with the literature method, in which to answer this research, the researcher looks for evidence from various international journal publications published in the last ten years. Then, to prove the above assumption, the researcher first collects evidence of study findings that sound for health reasons, then chooses to live in a peaceful and pollution-free tree area. Next, we study and analyze in-depth evaluation and coding systems to draw conclusions that answer the above issues validly and convincingly. The findings of this study are that humans who live in forests have a robust immune system compared to those who live in cities, so when the COVID-19 pandemic occurs, it is not a problem. Suggestions for the findings of this study are expected to be meaningful input for the development of environmental health sciences in further studies, both for academics and environmental health practitioners.
Integrated Information Theory as Testing Ground for Causation: Why Nested Hylomorphism Overcomes Physicalism and Panpsychism
Authors: Sánchez-Cañizares Javier
Published: January 2022

Integrated information theory (IIT) stands out as one of the most promising approaches to scientifically understand the emergence of consciousness. Even if it borrows from the phenomenology of consciousness to derive its axiomatic formulation, IIT does not initially adhere to any particular
ontological position. However, its founder leans towards panpsychism. More recently, Owen has studied the pros and cons of different ontologies as a metaphysical basis for IIT, defending a hylomorphic stance where en-grounding, en-forming relations gain the upper hand in the causal narrative.
This paper aims at (1) complementing Owen's work by invoking additional arguments against physicalist IIT, both reductive and non-reductive; and (2) improving Owen's characterization of non-physicalist causality through a 'nested' version of hylomorphism that avoids the combination problem
of panpsychism.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Mimosa pudica L. extracts
Authors: Ujjwal Kumar Mondol  , W Islam
Published: January 2022

Antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaf, stem and root of Mimosa pudica L. was observed through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. Five concentrations (12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0 and 200.0µg/ml) were taken for each extract as well as the standard and the absorbances were measured at 517nm using a spectrophotometer against methanol blank. The activity was increased by the increment of concentrations of the extracts. In case of leaf, the highest scavenging percentage was found in chloroform extract (86.40%) at 200.0µg/ml concentration. But for stem and root, the highest scavenging percentages were found in ethyl acetate extracts (73.72% and 83.79% respectively) at same concentration. The ethyl acetate extracts showed the highest activity among all the extracts where the IC50 values were 65.152µg/ml, 76.036µg/ml and 65.000µg/ml and the lowest was found in petroleum ether extracts where the IC50 values were 130.129µg/ml, 147.891µg/ml and 186.449µg/ml for leaf, stem and root respectively and that was for ascorbic acid (standard) was 18.012µg/ml.
Sociedade da informação e as mídias sociais no contexto da comunicação científica
Authors: Delbianco Natalia Rodrigues , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim
Published: January 2022

Introdução: A Sociedade da Informação está alicerçada no tripé “informação”, “tecnologias de informação” e “telecomunicação”, cujos fenômenos são estudados por diferentes campos científicos, entre eles a Ciência da Informação. Este artigo busca compreender os impactos da denominada Sociedade da Informação no contexto da comunicação científica. Como objetivo principal investiga como os avanços tecnológicos e o uso de mídias sociais influenciaram os Estudos Métricos da Informação em relação à Altmetria. Discute sobre a Sociedade da informação, a informação e a tecnologia, apresentando alguns dados sobre as mídias sociais e as redes sociais. Método: Em relação à metodologia, adota uma abordagem descritiva-exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, com base em revisão de literatura. Resultados: Considera que os avanços tecnológicos podem ser utilizados tanto positivamente, quanto negativamente, mas, de um modo geral, ajudam no desenvolvimento da ciência e no compartilhamento da informação, porque os canais utilizados para tal disseminação foram significativamente ampliados e, desse modo, resultaram no surgimento de um novo subcampo dos Estudos Métricos, visando justamente estudar os fenômenos desses novos canais de divulgação científica. Conclusão: Por fim, entende que o desenvolvimento da ciência com base nas tecnologias, em especial na comunicação por meio das mídias sociais, faz com que a Ciência da Informação esteja em constante avanço, sendo a Altmetria o resultado da ampliação da comunicação da ciência em meios tidos como não formais.
Metodologias ativas como espaço de gestão do conhecimento: uma experiência no ensino superior em Comunicação
Authors: Guaraldo Tamara De Souza Brandão
Published: January 2022

Introdução: No cenário atual do ensino superior na área de Comunicação é necessária uma formação que amplie a capacitação diante das exigências do mercado. Se amplia a necessidade de aliar a teoria à prática no ensino, e com isso a compreensão do trabalho em equipe e o conhecimento da dinâmica de atuação das agências de comunicação se tornam necessários para refletir as mudanças de ordem mercadológica, social e comunicacional que ocorrem nas organizações no século XXI. Método: A pesquisa tem como âmbitos de atuação as práxis pedagógica e profissional, e se baseia na proposta metodológica do modelo de gestão do conhecimento chamado de espiral do conhecimento, que envolve o indivíduo, o grupo e o ambiente em uma constante e dinâmica interação. Foi aplicada em sala de aula uma dinâmica de formação de agências de comunicação por grupos de estudantes de graduação, no período de 2014 a 2019. Resultados: A mudança do método tradicional para o processo de gestão do conhecimento proposto gerou insegurança e um esforço de interlocução pelos alunos, exigindo maturidade e uma posição de maior autonomia. As agências de comunicação montadas pelos alunos apresentaram a sua identidade e as peças de comunicação criadas, proporcionando oportunidades para entrarem em contato com o mercado de trabalho. Conclusão: O processo de gestão do conhecimento se materializou assim que as interações promoveram reflexões sobre o próprio “eu”, e foi possível perceber que a gestão do conhecimento é uma relação de ensinar-aprender e coexistência entre todos os atores do processo de ensino.
PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI FODDER PADI (ORYZA SATIVA) HIDROPONIK
Authors: Chalisty Vian Dwi Chalisty , Kamelia Safita
Published: January 2022

Hydroponic rice fodder can be used as an alternative technology to produce forage to overcome the feed scarcity in the dry season and the lack of land used for animal feed. This research was aimed to determine the growth and production of rice fodder given with the addition of different doses of organic liquid fertilizer. This research was designed based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments. The treatments in this research were P0 = without adding organic liquid fertilizer, P1 = adding an organic liquid fertilizer dose of 30 g, P2 = adding an organic liquid fertilizer dose of 60 g, and P3 = adding an organic liquid fertilizer dose of 90 g. The variance test showed that different doses of organic liquid fertilizer showed no significant effect (P?0.05) toward the rice fodder height, the number of leaves, and fresh production of rice fodder. The average height of hydroponic rice fodder was (P0 = 10.46±0.34), (P1 = 11.33±1.60), (P2 = 10.45±0.50) and (P3 = 10.63 ±0.44). The number of hydroponic rice fodder leaves was (P0 = 200.75±44.81), (P1 = 194.00±21.76), (P2 = 211.00±42.64) and (P3 = 230.25±44 ,93). Fresh production of hydroponic rice fodder was (P0 = 332.25±3.59), (P1 = 340.50±7.93), (P2 = 337.00±11.43) and (P3 = 337.00±1 ,41). Based on the research results, it can be inferred that the addition of different doses of liquid organic fertilizer on hydroponic rice fodder planting has no significant effect on fodder height, the number of leaves, and fresh production of hydroponic rice fodder. This may be caused by several factors including uneven seed distribution, leaves formation that occurs at the age of 5-6 days of planting, and the nutrients contained in the planting media are not absorbed properly.
Near Real-Time Low Frequency Load Disaggregation
Authors: Sahrane Selim , Haddadi Mourad
Published: January 2022

Device-level power consumption information can lead to considerable energy savings. Smart meters are being adopted in several countries, but they are only capable of measuring the total power consumption. NonIntrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) aims to infer the power consumption of individual electrical loads by analyzing the aggregate power signal taken from a single-point measurement. Most existing NILM solutions are offline methods that do not allow the end-user to get real-time feedback on his energy consumption. In this paper, we present a near real-time NILM solution based on multi-label classification and multi-output regression. We use the multi-label classifier to predict the state of each load and use the multi-output regressor to estimate the disaggregated active power consumptions. We test our method using a publically available dataset of real power measurements. Performance results show that the proposed near real-time method can accurately estimate the energy consumption of the targeted loads with an average relative energy error of 1.55 %.
Protective effect of Pisonia alba in atrazine toxicityon biochemical marker enzymes in the liver tissue of albino wister rat Rattus norvegicus
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India, A Revathi , K Pugazhendy ,   Department of Zoology, University of Madras Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: January 2022

The goal of this study was to see if Pisonia alba might protect the albino wister rat Rattus norvegicus from the herbicide atrazine's toxicity effects on AST, ALT, ACP, and ALP. Rattus norvegicus were inebriated with a sublethal dose of atrazine (0.25 mg of atrazine) for 28 days in this experiment. When compared to the control, the biochemical manufacturing enzymes in the liver were found to be higher. During the treatment of atrazine-intoxicated rats with P. alba, they were returned to a near-normal level (Group III and IV). The outcomes that were noticed were thoroughly explained.
On the Boundedness of Solutions of Discontinuous Differential Equations
Authors: Santos Iguer
Published: January 2022

By using the notion of Carathéodory  solution to differential equations, the present work studies the boundedness of solutions of discontinuous differential equations. For these discontinuous systems determined by discontinuous differential equations, results are obtained that guarantee sufficient conditions to boundedness of solutions in terms of nonsmooth Lyapunov functions.
Burns Demography and Management during COVID-19 Pandemic- A Descriptive Study
Authors: Kujur Abha Rani , Dsouza Nita Trina , Dharmarajan Rajeswari
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has affected many people in India in 2020. This has put a huge strain on hospitals and healthcare workers. Burn patients usually require hospitalisation and surgery, which adds to the burden of care provided by healthcare workers. Modifications in management protocol during a pandemic are of utmost importance to prevent transmission of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) while simultaneously treating burn patients. Aim: To study burn demography and describe changes in burn management protocol during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done from March to July 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic’s initial stages in India, at a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. During these months, screening protocol and guidelines for admission and testing of patients for COVID-19 were followed as given by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). All burn patients who visited the hospital’s Emergency Room (ER) during this period were included in the study. Those patients whose records were incomplete were excluded from the study. Detailed documentation was done of patient’s burn history, travel history and contact history by healthcare workers wearing level 1 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). Demographic details were collected and entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheet and the percentages were calculated. Results: A total of 77 burn patients visited the ER and 44 patients required admission. A total of 22 (50%) of the admissions were children. A total of 45 patients (58.44%) had sustained scald burns, 23 patients (29.87%) sustained flame burns and nine patients (11.69%) sustained electric burns. Thirty two patients sustained burns upto 20% and 12 patients had major burns (>20%). Nine patients underwent surgery. There were two fatalities. All patients were seen by healthcare workers wearing level 1 PPE. No COVID-19 positive patient was reported during the study period. Conclusion: There was an increase in paediatric burn accidents during the COVID-19 pandemic in India due to crowded and congested homes and a lack of continuous supervision from adults otherwise occupied with work done remotely from home. It is routine practice to admit only critical burn patients or in situations where home care is not possible. Minor burns dressing must be done at home instead of; at Outpatient Department (OPD) visit. Lifesaving surgeries in children were done using live skin donor. Diagnosis, treatment, physiotherapy and follow-up of patients through teleconsultation to avoid spread of COVID- 19 virus was encouraged.
Response of Date of Sowing and Varieties on Growth and Yield of Niger under Eastern Ghat High Land Zone of Odisha
Authors: Dalei B. B. , Biswasi S. K. , Meena M. K. , Phonglosa A. , Nayak L. , Pradhan K.
Published: January 2022

A field experiment was carried out under All India Coordinated Research Project on Niger at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (OUAT), Semiliguda of Koraput district under Eastern Ghat High Land zone of Odisha in acidic soil during three consecutive kharif seasons from 2015 to 2017 to study the response of date of sowing and varieties on growth and yield of niger. The experiment consists of six dates of sowing with 15 days interval viz. 15th July, 30th July, 14th August, 29th August, 13th September and 28th September with two varieties of niger namely Deomali and Utkal Niger-150. The experiment was performed in split plot design with three replications. The pooled data for three years revealed that out of six different dates of sowing, the crop which was sown on 15th July resulted significantly the highest seed yield (563 kg ha-1) with a net monetary return (Rs. 8083 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.6). Niger variety Utkal Niger-150 recorded higher seed yield and economic returns. It was discovered that the environment had a greater impact on variety yield levels than the varieties themselves. Less dry spells, no wet spells, a high number of sunshine hours and a moderate temperature were all essential environmental factors.
Unrecognized Diaphragm Hernia
Authors: Elhattabi Khalid , Benghait Hasna , Essaidi Zakaria , Elbakouri Abdelilah , Bouali Mounir , Bensardi Fatimazahra , Fadil Abdelaziz
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is defined as the passage of abdominal viscera into the thorax through a post-traumatic diaphragmatic breach. They are rare and may be unrecognized in 10-30% of cases at initial management.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study including all the patients taken in charge for post-traumatic neglected diaphragmatic lesions over two years between December 2018 and January 2021 within the service of visceral emergencies of the universitary hospital center Ibn Rochd of Casablanca. Our work aims to define the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of patients admitted for post-traumatic diaphragmatic lesions.

Results: The average age of the patients was 30 years (range 18 to 43 years). All patients were male. They were due to a closed trauma in 11 patients (32%) and a penetrating trauma in 58%. The diagnosis was guided preoperatively by the different imaging techniques, in particular chest radiography and CT scan. Treatment was mainly by laparotomy and consisted of closure of the diaphragmatic breach by simple sutures.

Conclusion: Post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernias can go unnoticed and can be life-threatening in case of associated lesions or complications.
Frequency of Hypocalcaemia among Children (Age 2-60 Months) Presenting with First Episode of Afebrile Seizures: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Asadullah . , Shaikh Salma , Farhat Ayesha , Amanullah . , Memon Sehrish , Chohan Muhammad Nadeem
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine the frequency of hypocalcaemia among children aged 2 to 60 months presenting with afebrile seizures.

Study Design: A cross sectional study.

Place and Duration: Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University of medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, from February to August-2020.

Methodology: A total of 130 children aged 2 to 60 months, having afebrile fits with birth weight more than 2.5 kg were enrolled. After taking full history, detailed examination was done. Two ml blood sample was taken from each patient and was sent to diagnostic laboratory of the institution to find out calcium levels. In case of proven hypocalcaemia, injection calcium gluconate 100 mg/kg was administered. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables while frequency and percentages were noted for qualitative variables. Frequency of hypocalcaemia was recorded and study variables were compared between children with and without hypocalcaemia.

Results: Majority of the patients, 69 (53.1%) were male, 64 (49.2%) less than or equal to 12 months of age, 28 (21.5%) had maternal educational status as illiterate, 78 (60.0%) belonged to rural areas, 59 (45.4%) belonged to middle socioeconomic status, 69 (53.1%) had poor exposure to sunlight, 80 (61.5%) had malnutrition, 82 (63.1%) had child spacing of less than 2 years, 79 (60.8%) with less than 5 episodes of fits per day and 88 (67.7%) had duration of fits per day as less than 5 minutes. Frequency of hypocalcaemia was noted in 81 (62.3%) cases.

Conclusion: We concluded that hypocalcaemia is the frequent cause of afebrile seizures in children aged 2 to 60 months.
Comparison between Study of Bone Mineral Density in Males and Females of Various Age Groups
Authors: Sawal Anupama , Thute Preeti , Withale Deepali , Yadgire Geetanjali
Published: January 2022

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the complex diseases which have multiple etiology. The cause of it is maybe genetic and environmental or nutritional. There are various techniques for the measurement of bone mineral density. The DXA (DUEL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORBTIOMETRY AND BONE DENSITOMETER) is frequently used to measure bone mineral density. The other measures to measure bone mineral density are Quantitative computed

Results: With the increase in negative T tomography and ultrasound tonometry. The WHO standard for distinguishing patients as normal with 1 standard deviation of peak bone mass. Osteopinic 1 to 2.5 below peak bone mass .osteoporotic ;>2.5  standard deviation below peak bone mass.

Materials and Methods: The study included 200 Subjects of various age groups of both sexes. The study was carried out in the department of anatomy with the collaboration of the Department Of Orthopedics. The proforma was structured to include the details of the subjects with height, weight, etc.  With a score of one, the risk of fracture increased 1.5 to 3 fold.

Conclusion: The study of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) can help in increasing awareness about bone health in growing countries. There is a significant association between various age groups and a non-significant association between genders for BMD evaluation.

The current study puts up to our understanding of BMD disparities among people that would suggest the use of local testimonial scales for an authentic explanation of BMD reports.
Problems Regarding Polypharmacy in Elderly in Indian Population
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Kumar Sunil
Published: January 2022

Among the general population, various international studies have shown that poly pharmacy is common in the older adults but those adults who were residing in nursing homes took the maximum number of drugs. It has also be shown that nearly half of the older adult population take one or more medications that are not medically necessary as per their conditions. According to various research, it has been clearly established that there is a strong association between multiple drug use and negative clinical consequences. In addition to that, conducting well-designed inter-professional intervention studies, which often include clinical pharmacists, that focus on enrolling high-risk older patients taking multiple medications with mixed results on distal health outcomes can improve the effectiveness of enhancing the overall quality of prescribing medications. It is critical to do research on poly pharmacy in a nation like India or other low to medium income countries. Poly pharmacy is induced by a multitude of variables at the levels of health-seeking, prescription, distribution, and usage. Society-based issues such as a lack of education and access to adequate healthcare in both rural and urban regions, as well as a general lack of health knowledge and passion, further aggravate the situation. Poly pharmacy is a key challenge in senior care. The senior population frequently has several medical diseases and may possibly suffer from cancer, which necessitates the use of multiple drugs for therapy. Multiple drugs used by an aged person can increase the likelihood of drug-drug interactions, noncompliance with the prescription, adverse drug responses, and reduced patient compliance.
Awareness of Dry Eyes Disease among Dental Students - A Survey
Authors: Abinaya S. , Sinduja Palati , Priyadarshini R.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Dry eye is a common condition that affects 85 percent of adult students worldwide, has no effective treatment, and results in significant loss of productivity at work.

Aim: This study aims to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental students about dry eye disease.

Materials and Methods: An online google form was used to distribute a questionnaire based study with 12 questions to 100 people. The study began with the participants being briefed on the trial's details. The study used a 100-person sample size. The information was gathered and statistically examined.

Results: In this study, 96% of the students were aware that lack of sleep causes Dry Eyes Disease and 4% of the students were unaware of it. Around 83% of the students were aware that dry eye is reversible and 17% of the students were not aware of it. The overall result was positive, most of them were aware of the dry eye disease. This proves an outright positive result.

Conclusion: The present study shows that the students under 75% were aware of Dry Eyes Disease but 25% were unaware of dry eye disease. There is no sufficient awareness among dental students. So, by this survey, we create more awareness among dental students.
Opportunistic Infections Due to Overuse of Steroids
Authors: Khan Ovais , Jadhav Ulhas
Published: January 2022

Background: Case reviews of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in sufferers with coronavirus sickness 2019 (COVID-19) are at the rise, specifically in India. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chance aspect for excessive COVID-19 and mucormycosis on its own. The purpose of this is to carry out a scientific review of the literature to decide the capabilities of Opportunistic Infections due to overuse of steroid.

Methods: Using key phrases like COVID 19, Mucormycosis, Mucor, Novel corona virus, and SARS CoV-2, a scientific review was carried out on the subsequent databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library.

Results: Increased mucormycosis in India seems to be the end result of an unholy trinity of diabetes (excessive genetic occurrence), immoderate corticosteroid utilization (will increase blood glucose and results in opportunistic fungal contamination), and COVID-19 (cytokine storm, lymphopenia, endothelial damage). To lower the prevalence of lethal mucormycosis, all efforts must be taken to keep ideal hyperglycaemia, and best careful evidence-primarily based totally use of corticosteroids in sufferers with COVID-19 is suggested. Glucocorticosteroids (GC) play an critical position withinside the remedy of neuro-oncologic patients. GC are used for the control of malignant mind tumour’s, both number one of secondary, neoplastic epidural spinal wire compression (NESC), as adjuvant chemotherapy of a few relevant worried device tumours and perioperatively in mind surgery. GC are believed to exert their effect on mind tumours especially through decreasing the tumor-related vasogenic edema, in all likelihood through lowering the extended capillary permeability of the blood-mind barrier (BBB),

Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus seems to result in a vicious cycle of hyperglycaemia and immunosuppression while coupled with the SARS COV 2 Virus and steroid treatment, which could cause excessive fungal colonization like mucormycosis.