bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case of Brachymetatarsia From Medieval Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Giuffra Valentina , Bianucci Raffaella , Milanese Marco , Tognotti Eugenia , Montella Andrea , Caramella Davide , Fornaciari Gino , Bandiera Pasquale
Published: June 2014

Archaeological excavations carried out in the Medieval village of Geridu (Sardinia) uncovered several burials dating to the late 13th or the first half of 14th century. Among these individuals, the skeleton of an adult female showing a bilateral abnormal shortness of the fourth metatarsal bone was identified. Bilaterality and absence of other skeletal anomalies allow to rule out an acquired aetiology of the disease and to support a diagnosis of congenital brachymetatarsia. Such a rare deformity has a clinical incidence of 0.02% to 0.05%, with strong predominance of the female gender. To our knowledge, no other cases of brachymetatarsia have been reported in paleopathology so far. Anat Rec, 297:650–652, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of the role of visual information in supporting ideation in graphic design
Authors: Laing Simon , Masoodian Masood
Published: June 2014

Existing computer technologies poorly support the ideation phase common to graphic design practice. Finding and indexing visual material to assist the process of ideation often fall on the designer, leading to user experiences that are less than ideal. To inform development of computer systems to assist graphic designers in the ideation phase of the design process, we conducted interviews with 15 professional graphic designers about their design process and visual information needs. Based on the study, we propose a set of requirements for an ideation‐support system for graphic design.
Information Technologies for Innovative Process and Plant Design
Authors: Bramsiepe Christian , Krasberg Nicolai , Fleischer Christoph , Hohmann Lukas , Kockmann Norbert , Schembecker Gerhard
Published: June 2014

Process and plant design is associated with long lead times from first planning to plant commissioning. Methods to reduce lead time in chemical engineering process and plant design are reviewed. Experiment‐based process design methods for small‐scale production will be discussed as well as recent approaches for module‐based plant design. For both, the required information technologies will be discussed, and an overview will be given about suitable and available software solutions. Finally, an innovative approach to modularization for small‐scale continuous container processes will be presented.
Channel Modeling for Digital Transmission Using Power Line
Authors: Sasaki Norio , Seino Kenichi , Hanaumi Tasuku , Oda Takeshi , Adachi Fumiyuki
Published: June 2014

Experiments on modeling a channel for digital transmission were performed, and an analysis of the results was used to clarify the characteristics of propagation loss and of the delay path profile, together with the noise characteristics of a power line carrier system using power transmission lines. To investigate the characteristics of propagation loss, the experimental results were subjected to multiple regression analysis and an equation for estimating propagation loss was derived with useful parameters. To investigate the characteristics of the delay path profile, the additional loss in the delay path was modeled and elucidated. The results showed that the delay path is traveled by both in‐phase propagation and out‐of‐phase propagation. Thus, it is important to consider these two propagation characteristics during modeling. The noise characteristics were shown to be superpositions of the characteristics of thermal noise and impulse noise, and these two characteristics were modeled on the basis of a theoretical analysis and the cumulative probability distribution. The simultaneous use of these models agreed well with the measured results, indicating that the models are practical for real‐world use.
A Tabletop Interface Using Fingernail Images and Real Object Recognition
Authors: Hara Kenta , Takemura Noriko , Iwai Yoshio , Sato Kosuke
Published: June 2014

A variety of research on tabletop interfaces has been reported in the last decade. In a tabletop system, the difference in operation between digital media and physical media such as paper gives an unsatisfactory experience and disturbs their comfortable simultaneous use. For users to be satisfied, they must be able to operate the digital and physical media seamlessly. In this paper, we propose a tabletop interface system that allows users to operate digital media intuitively by using gesture recognition. The proposed table can capture an image of an object on the table by utilizing press gesture recognition from images of a user's fingernail based on support vector machine (SVM), and can acquire digital content from digital paper by utilizing a shake gesture of the device. The evaluation experiments show that the proposed system recognizes a user's finger state with high accuracy and that the users can intuitively operate the table without any awareness of data transmission.
Design Technology of Stacked Type DTMOS
Authors: Hiroshima Yu , Kodama Takahiro , Watanabe Shigeyoshi
Published: June 2014

Stacked type DTMOS, which makes it possible to realize both the high‐speed, low‐power characteristics of FinFET type DTMOS and small the pattern area of stacked transistors, has been newly proposed. The delay time of the substrate of stacked type DTMOS can be reduced to less than 10% of that for conventional FinFET type DTMOS by using the sidewall connection between the gate and substrate. By using a stacked structure of NMOS with a (110) substrate on PMOS with a (100) substrate, high‐speed performance with optimized mobility value can be realized without sacrificing the pattern area. Furthermore, the pattern area of the inverter/NAND circuit, LSI for communication, and the DRAM buffer circuit with stacked type DTMOS is compared with that of conventional FinFET type DTMOS. The newly proposed stacked type DTMOS is a promising candidate for realizing high‐performance system LSI such as GHz class microprocessors.
An Approach of Vectorizing Shopping Paths Sensed by RFID Tags to Classify Retail Customers and Its Application with Principal Component Regression
Authors: Inamoto Tsutomu , Ohno Asako , Murao Hajime
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we propose an approach for classifying customers in retail stores into given types according to their shopping paths, each of which is a sequence of sections visited by the corresponding customer and is gathered by an RFID tag. The approach vectorizes a sequence of sections; that is, the approach splits such a sequence into tuples of sections, then sums up the occurrence counts of those tuples. This vectorization is based on the hypothesis that a customer's type has a relation to subsequences of sections in his/her shopping path and the conjecture that customers types can be attributed to co‐occurrences of such subsequences. After vectorization, the proposed approach applies a general discrimination method to such vectors of equal length. In computational illustrations, principal component regression is selected as a representative of general discrimination methods and is applied to shopping paths collected in an existing retail store so as to predict whether a customer purchases items more than average or not. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, with higher forecast accuracies than existing methods.
A Packet Scheduling Scheme Using Multicast RTS in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Sugigaki Fumiyasu , Inai Hiroshi
Published: June 2014

One of the problems in wireless mesh networks is HOL (Head of Line) blocking at relay nodes. To overcome that problem, packet scheduling schemes using the MRTS (Multicast Request to Send [RTS]) frame, an extension of the RTS frame, have been proposed. The sender first multicasts an MRTS frame to multiple destination candidates. Then the sender transmits the data packet to the candidate which earliest returns a CTS frame. That mechanism could solve the HOL blocking problem. In principle, as the number of the candidates increases, the transmission success rate increases; however the overhead also increases. Under the existing scheduling schemes, the sender always arranges more than two candidates, which would increase the overhead. In this paper, to reduce the overhead, we propose a scheduling scheme which restricts the number of candidates to not more than two at any time. Simulations shown that, in comparison with the existing scheme, our scheme provides higher throughput and fairness.
Metallo‐organic Conjugated Systems for Organic Electronics
Authors: Asatkar Ashish K. , Bedi Anjan , Zade Sanjio S.
Published: June 2014

Polymer/organic optoelectronic devices have been the center of attention for the last two decades for both the academic and industrial research communities, due to their potential as a a low‐cost, large‐area, solution‐processable technology alternative to their conventional, inorganic counterparts. There are several issues, such as the lower efficiencies, lower stabilities, and higher resistances of organic/polymer‐based optoelectronic devices. To address these obstacles, significant research activity has been devoted to π‐conjugated organics. One of the approaches includes the incorporation of metal complexes in the main conjugation or as a pendant substitution on that. Metallo‐organic compounds with transition row elements have been extensively studied in organic electronics due to the easy tunability of their electronic properties, amenable redox matching, and the extended life‐time of the triplet state. This has successfully resulted in some high performance electronic devices containing metallo‐organic π‐conjugated small molecules and polymers. Herein, we review the recent advances made in metallo‐organic materials (small molecules and polymers) for organic electronics.
A reporter‐targeted approach to reducing the use of the term “Superficial femoral vein” in ultrasound reports for deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Brodie Jonathan , Denton Erika R. E.
Published: June 2014

Background

The term “superficial femoral vein” is felt to be potentially misleading and dangerous in the context of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb, with the preferred term now being “femoral vein.” The purpose of this work was to identify a means of reducing its use in reports of lower limb sonographic scans for DVT.

Methods

A retrospective search of the reports for all lower limb sonographic scans for the detection of DVT in 2011 was performed using the Radiology Information System to identify the baseline rate of use of the term. Nontargeted and subsequently targeted e‐mails were then sent to reporters of such sonographic scans over a 6‐month follow‐up period, and the results were reevaluated.

Results

The baseline rate of use of the term was 17% before any intervention. It decreased to 10% following nontargeted intervention, and to 6% following targeted e‐mail intervention. There were no cases of patients coming to harm as a result of the use of the term during the study period.

Conclusions

A simple and inexpensive system of e‐mails to reporters resulted in a decline in the rate of use of the misleading term “superficial femoral vein.” © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:472–474, 2014
Inpatient diabetes: do‐it‐yourself electronic referral system to support and enhance the Think Glucose project
Authors: Ryder Bob , Burbridge Wyn , Braycotton Lynne , Ryder Bobby , Cull Melissa , Davies Pete , De Parijat , Basu Ansu , Lee Brian
Published: June 2014

The national Think Glucose project utilises a ‘traffic light’ system to guide which patients should be referred to the inpatient diabetes specialist team (IPDST). Previously, referral to the IPDST required phone, fax or internal post, with their built‐in delays and patients being missed.

We used our hospital trust's investigation‐ordering system to develop an electronic ‘Think Glucose Assessment’ form. The quick and easy form incorporates simple tick boxes to select which ‘traffic light’ points apply to the patient concerned. Once submitted, the form appears instantly in a generic NHS email account accessible by the IPDST. This facilitates daily IPDST ward round lists. Over the year following implementation the number of patients seen by the IPDST increased from 83 per month to 452 per month, while at the same time ensuring those seen complied with the national ‘traffic light’ criteria. All hospitals with electronic investigation‐ordering systems could easily emulate our system.
Increased association of the ERG oncoprotein expression in advanced stages of prostate cancer in Filipinos
Authors: Raymundo Eliza M. , Diwa Michele H. , Lapitan Marie Carmela M. , Plaza Aladin B. , Sevilleja Jesus Emmanuel , Srivastava Shiv , Sesterhenn Isabell A.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Filipinos with prostate cancer (CaP) are at increased risk of harboring advanced stages and lower survival rates compared to other Asians. This study aims to investigate prevalence of ETS‐related gene (ERG) oncoprotein overexpression in Filipinos as surrogate of TMPRSS2‐ERG gene fusions, using a highly specific monoclonal antibody (ERG‐MAb), and conduct the first attempt to study the role of genetic alterations in the aggressive tumor biologic behaviour of CaP among Filipinos.

METHODS

This case‐matched, case‐control retrospective study evaluated ERG expression in Filipino patients diagnosed with CaP and its effect on stage and Gleason grade of their disease. Men who underwent radical prostatectomy for organ‐confined disease at the University of the Philippines‐Philippine General Hospital (UP‐PGH) comprised the organ‐confined cohort. Age‐matched adults who had trans‐rectal ultrasound‐guided prostate (TRUSP) biopsy or trans‐urethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with bilateral orchiectomy for T4 or stage IV CaP composed the advanced disease cohort.

RESULTS

Overall ERG expression frequency of 23.08% (N = 104) was demonstrated, with a higher rate observed in the advanced disease cohort (32.69%) compared to the organ‐confined group (13.46%). Furthermore, ERG overexpression was only detected among intermediate and high‐risk tumors. A high‐specificity (98.08%) of the ERG‐MAb for malignant prostatic cells was likewise demonstrated.

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to higher ERG frequency in Western countries, it is much lower in Filipino CaP, which is similar to lower rates noted from other Asian countries. The 98.08% specificity of ERG oncoprotein for prostate tumor cells combined with its increased association in advanced disease, suggests for prognostic potential of ERG that may aid clinicians in treatment decisions for Filipino CaP patients. Prostate 74:1079–1085, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
All‐electron basis sets for heavy elements
Authors: Pantazis Dimitrios A. , Neese Frank
Published: June 2014

All‐electron (AE) calculations for chemical systems containing atoms of elements beyond krypton are becoming increasingly accessible and common in many fields of computational molecular science. The type, the size, and the internal construction of AE basis sets for heavy elements depend critically on the level of quantum chemical theory and, most importantly, on the way relativistic effects are treated. For this reason, general‐purpose basis sets for heavy elements are rare; instead, different AE basis sets have been developed that are adapted to the requirements and peculiarities of each (approximate) relativistic treatment. Ranging from fully relativistic four‐component approaches to more popular scalar relativistic approximations, today there exist complete families of AE basis sets that can cover most research needs and can be employed in diverse applications for the proper description of various molecular and atomic properties including electronic structure, chemical reactivity, and a wide range of spectroscopic parameters.

This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
A History of the Spanish Language
Authors: Penny Ralph
Published: June 2014

This is a thoroughly revised, updated and expanded 2002 edition of Ralph Penny's authoritative textbook, first published in 1991, which provides a clear and elegant account of the development of Spanish over the last 2,000 years. Although principally oriented towards 'internal' history, 'external' history is also considered and referred to throughout. In this new edition, as well as adding insights from more recent scholarship throughout the text, Professor Penny has added a chapter which discusses the nature of linguistic history, the concept of World Spanish, processes of convergence and divergence in Spanish, and the English/Spanish interface. This edition also contains a glossary of technical terms, guidance on further reading, and suggested topics for discussion.
Understanding Shiite Leadership
Authors: Mishal Shaul , Goldberg Ori
Published: June 2014

In this book, Shaul Mishal and Ori Goldberg explore the ways in which Shiite leaderships in Iran and Lebanon approach themselves and their world. Contrary to the violent and radical image of religious leaderships in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Lebanese Hizballah, the political vision and practice of these leaderships view the world as a middle ground, shying away from absolutist and extremist tendencies. The political leadership assumed by Shiite religious scholars in Iran and Lebanon has transformed Shiite Islam from a marginalized minority to a highly politicized avant garde of Muslim presence, revitalized the practice and causes of political Islam in its struggle for legitimacy and authority, and reshaped the politics of the Middle East and the globe in its image. Utilizing approaches from social theory, history, theology, and literary criticism, the book presents these leaderships as pragmatic, interpretative entities with the potential to form fruitful relationships between Shiite leadership and the non-Shiite world.
The Languages of the Jews
Authors: Spolsky Bernard
Published: June 2014

Historical sociolinguistics is a comparatively new area of research, investigating difficult questions about language varieties and choices in speech and writing. Jewish historical sociolinguistics is rich in unanswered questions: when does a language become 'Jewish'? What was the origin of Yiddish? How much Hebrew did the average Jew know over the centuries? How was Hebrew re-established as a vernacular and a dominant language? This book explores these and other questions, and shows the extent of scholarly disagreement over the answers. It shows the value of adding a sociolinguistic perspective to issues commonly ignored in standard histories. A vivid commentary on Jewish survival and Jewish speech communities that will be enjoyed by the general reader, and is essential reading for students and researchers interested in the study of Middle Eastern languages, Jewish studies, and sociolinguistics.
St Anne in Renaissance Music
Authors: Anderson Michael Alan
Published: June 2014

Devotion to St Anne, the apocryphal mother of the Virgin Mary, reached its height in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Until now, Anne's reception history and political symbolism during this period have been primarily discussed through the lens of art history. This is the first study to explore the music that honoured the saint and its connections to some of the most prominent court cultures of western Europe. Michael Alan Anderson examines plainchant and polyphonic music for St Anne, in sources both familiar and previously unstudied, to illuminate not only Anne's wide-ranging intercessional capabilities but also the political force of the music devoted to her. Whether viewed as a fertility aide, wise mother, or dynastic protector, she modelled a number of valuable roles that rulers reflected in the music of their devotional programmes to project their noble lineage and prestige.
An Introduction to the Philosophy of Art
Authors: Eldridge Richard
Published: June 2014

An Introduction to the Philosophy of Art is a clear and compact survey of philosophical theories of the nature and value of art, including in its scope literature, painting, sculpture, music, dance, architecture, movies, conceptual art and performance art. This second edition incorporates significant new research on topics including pictorial depiction, musical expression, conceptual art, Hegel, and art and society. Drawing on classical and contemporary philosophy, literary theory and art criticism, Richard Eldridge explores the representational, formal and expressive dimensions of art. He argues that the aesthetic and semantic density of the work, in inviting imaginative exploration, makes works of art cognitively, morally and socially important. This importance is further elaborated in discussions of artistic beauty, originality, imagination and criticism. His accessible study will be invaluable to students of philosophy of art and aesthetics.
Democracy and Media Decadence
Authors: Keane John
Published: June 2014

We live in a revolutionary age of communicative abundance in which many media innovations - from satellite broadcasting to smart glasses and electronic books - spawn great fascination mixed with excitement. In the field of politics, hopeful talk of digital democracy, cybercitizens and e-government has been flourishing. This book admits the many thrilling ways that communicative abundance is fundamentally altering the contours of our lives and of our politics, often for the better. But it asks whether too little attention has been paid to the troubling counter-trends, the decadent media developments that encourage public silence and concentrations of unlimited power, so weakening the spirit and substance of democracy. Exploring examples of clever government surveillance, market censorship, spin tactics and back-channel public relations, John Keane seeks to understand and explain these trends, and how best to deal with them. Tackling some tough but big and fateful questions, Keane argues that 'media decadence' is deeply harmful for public life.
Alien Rule
Authors: Hechter Michael
Published: June 2014

This book argues that alien rule can become legitimate to the degree that it provides governance that is both effective and fair. Governance is effective to the degree that citizens have access to an expanding economy and an ample supply of culturally appropriate collective goods. Governance is fair to the degree that rulers act according to the strictures of procedural justice. These twin conditions help account for the legitimation of alien rulers in organizations of markedly different scale. The book applies these principles to the legitimation of alien rulers in states (the Republic of Genoa, nineteenth- and twentieth-century China, and modern Iraq), colonies (Taiwan and Korea under Japanese rule), and occupation regimes, as well as in less encompassing organizations such as universities (academic receivership), corporations (mergers and acquisitions), and stepfamilies. Finally, it speculates about the possibility of an international market in governance services.
Aspects of Law Reform
Authors: Straw Jack
Published: June 2014

The British justice system is an ancient one that has continually evolved to meet modern needs. In this set of three essays, originally presented as the Hamlyn lectures in 2012, Jack Straw reviews some of the most important recent reforms to the system of British justice and suggests key areas in need of further reform. He focuses in particular on the criminal courts, human rights, judicial appointments and the relationship between the UK Parliament, the domestic courts and the European Court of Human Rights. In all three cases, he argues that the British justice system is now in a healthier state than it has been in his lifetime, but that there remains much room – and need – for improvement.
A Concise History of Italy
Authors: Duggan Christopher
Published: June 2014

Since its formation in 1861, Italy has struggled to develop an effective political system and a secure sense of national identity. This new edition of Christopher Duggan's acclaimed introduction charts the country's history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the west to the present day and surveys the difficulties Italy has faced during the last two centuries in forging a nation state. Duggan successfully weaves together political, economic, social and cultural history, and stresses the alternation between materialist and idealist programmes for forging a nation state. This second edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to offer increased coverage of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Italy, as well as a new section devoted to Italy in the twenty-first century. With a new, extensive bibliographical essay and a detailed chronology, this is the ideal resource for those seeking an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to Italian history.
Schubert's Beethoven Project
Authors: Gingerich John M.
Published: June 2014

Why couldn't Schubert get his 'great' C-Major Symphony performed? Why was he the first composer to consistently write four movements for his piano sonatas? Since neither Schubert's nor Beethoven's piano sonatas were ever performed in public, who did hear them? Addressing these questions and many others, John M. Gingerich provides a new understanding of Schubert's career and his relationship to Beethoven. Placing the genres of string quartet, symphony, and piano sonata within the cultural context of the 1820s, the book examines how Schubert was building on Beethoven's legacy. Gingerich brings new understandings of how Schubert tried to shape his career to bear on new hermeneutic readings of the works from 1824 to 1828 that share musical and extra-musical pre-occupations, centering on the 'Death and the Maiden' Quartet and the Cello Quintet, as well as on analyses of the A-minor Quartet, the Octet, and of the 'great' C-Major Symphony.
Parentheticals in Spoken English
Authors: Dehé Nicole
Published: June 2014

Taking both an empirical and a theoretical view of the prosodic phrasing of parentheticals in English, this book reviews the syntactic and prosodic literature on parentheticals along with relevant theoretical work at the syntax-prosody interface. It offers a detailed prosodic analysis of six types of parentheticals - full parenthetical clauses, non-restrictive relative clauses, nominal appositions, comment clauses, reporting verbs, and question tags, all taken from the spoken part of the British Component of the International Corpus of English. To date, the common assumption is that, by default, parentheticals are prosodically phrased separately, an assumption which, as this study shows, is not always in line with the predictions made by current prosodic theory. The present study provides new empirical evidence for the prosodic phrasing of parentheticals in spontaneous and semi-spontaneous spoken English, and offers new implications for a theory of linguistic interfaces.
Service-Dominant Logic
Authors: Lusch Robert F. , Vargo Stephen L.
Published: June 2014

In 2004, Robert F. Lusch and Stephen L. Vargo published their groundbreaking article on the evolution of marketing theory and practice toward 'service-dominant (S-D) logic', describing the shift from a product-centred view of markets to a service-led model. Now, in this keenly anticipated book, the authors present a thorough primer on the principles and applications of S-D logic. They describe a clear alternative to the dominant worldview of the heavily planned, production-oriented, profit-maximizing firm, presenting a coherent, organizing framework based on ten foundational premises. The foundational premises of S-D logic have much wider implications beyond marketing for the future of the firm, transcending different industries and contexts, and will provide readers with a deeper sense of why the exchange of service is the fundamental basis of all social and economic exchange. This accessible book will appeal to students, as well as to researchers and practitioners.
Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War
Authors: Winegard Timothy C.
Published: June 2014

This pioneering comparative history of the participation of indigenous peoples of the British Empire in the First World War is based upon archival research in four continents. It provides the first comprehensive examination and comparison of how indigenous peoples of Canada, Australia, Newfoundland, New Zealand and South Africa experienced the Great War. The participation of indigenes was an extension of their ongoing effort to shape and alter their social and political realities, their resistance to cultural assimilation or segregation and their desire to attain equality through service and sacrifice. While the dominions discouraged indigenous participation at the outbreak of war, by late 1915 the imperial government demanded their inclusion to meet the pragmatic need for military manpower. Indigenous peoples responded with patriotism and enthusiasm both on the battlefield and the home front and shared equally in the horrors and burdens of the First World War.
Bayesian Cognitive Modeling
Authors: Lee Michael D. , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: June 2014

Bayesian inference has become a standard method of analysis in many fields of science. Students and researchers in experimental psychology and cognitive science, however, have failed to take full advantage of the new and exciting possibilities that the Bayesian approach affords. Ideal for teaching and self study, this book demonstrates how to do Bayesian modeling. Short, to-the-point chapters offer examples, exercises, and computer code (using WinBUGS or JAGS, and supported by Matlab and R), with additional support available online. No advance knowledge of statistics is required and, from the very start, readers are encouraged to apply and adjust Bayesian analyses by themselves. The book contains a series of chapters on parameter estimation and model selection, followed by detailed case studies from cognitive science. After working through this book, readers should be able to build their own Bayesian models, apply the models to their own data, and draw their own conclusions.
An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing
Authors: Martin Seelye
Published: June 2014

Fully updated, with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions, the second edition of this popular textbook introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand observations from Earth-observing systems, and the observations' importance to physical and biological oceanography. It provides full explanations of radiative transfer, ocean surface properties, satellite orbits, instruments and methods, visible remote sensing of biogeochemical properties, infrared and microwave retrieval of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity retrieval, passive microwave measurements, scatterometer wind retrieval, altimetry and SAR. Also included are descriptions of the online archives where data can be obtained, and readers can obtain online tools for working with the data - enabling hands-on engagement with real-world observations. This is an ideal textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in oceanography, remote sensing and environmental science, and a practical resource for researchers and professionals working with oceanographic satellite data.
A History of Modern Tunisia
Authors: Perkins Kenneth
Published: June 2014

Kenneth Perkins's second edition of A History of Modern Tunisia carries the history of this country from 2004 to the present, with particular emphasis on the Tunisian revolution of 2011 - the first critical event of that year's Arab Spring and the inspiration for similar populist movements across the Arab world. After providing an overview of the country in the years preceding the inauguration of a French protectorate in 1881, the book examines the impact of colonialism on the country, with particular attention to the evolution of a nationalist movement that secured the termination of the protectorate in 1956. Its analysis of the first three decades of independence, during which the leaders of the anticolonial struggle consolidated political power, assesses the challenges that they faced and the degree of success they achieved. No other English-language study of Tunisia offers as sweeping a time frame or as comprehensive a history of this nation.
The Logic of Connective Action
Authors: Bennett W. Lance , Segerberg Alexandra
Published: June 2014

The Logic of Connective Action explains the rise of a personalized digitally networked politics in which diverse individuals address the common problems of our times such as economic fairness and climate change. Rich case studies from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany illustrate a theoretical framework for understanding how large-scale connective action is coordinated. In many of these mobilizations, communication operates as an organizational process that may replace or supplement familiar forms of collective action based on organizational resource mobilization, leadership, and collective action framing. In some cases, connective action emerges from crowds that shun leaders, as when Occupy protesters created media networks to channel resources and create loose ties among dispersed physical groups. In other cases, conventional political organizations deploy personalized communication logics to enable large-scale engagement with a variety of political causes. The Logic of Connective Action shows how power is organized in communication-based networks, and what political outcomes may result.
Bayesian Filtering and Smoothing
Authors: Särkkä Simo
Published: June 2014

Filtering and smoothing methods are used to produce an accurate estimate of the state of a time-varying system based on multiple observational inputs (data). Interest in these methods has exploded in recent years, with numerous applications emerging in fields such as navigation, aerospace engineering, telecommunications and medicine. This compact, informal introduction for graduate students and advanced undergraduates presents the current state-of-the-art filtering and smoothing methods in a unified Bayesian framework. Readers learn what non-linear Kalman filters and particle filters are, how they are related, and their relative advantages and disadvantages. They also discover how state-of-the-art Bayesian parameter estimation methods can be combined with state-of-the-art filtering and smoothing algorithms. The book's practical and algorithmic approach assumes only modest mathematical prerequisites. Examples include Matlab computations, and the numerous end-of-chapter exercises include computational assignments. Matlab code is available for download at www.cambridge.org/sarkka, promoting hands-on work with the methods.
A Course in Mathematical Analysis
Authors: Garling D. J. H.
Published: June 2014

The three volumes of A Course in Mathematical Analysis provide a full and detailed account of all those elements of real and complex analysis that an undergraduate mathematics student can expect to encounter in the first two or three years of study. Containing hundreds of exercises, examples and applications, these books will become an invaluable resource for both students and instructors. Volume 1 focuses on the analysis of real-valued functions of a real variable. Volume 2 goes on to consider metric and topological spaces. This third volume develops the classical theory of functions of a complex variable. It carefully establishes the properties of the complex plane, including a proof of the Jordan curve theorem. Lebesgue measure is introduced, and is used as a model for other measure spaces, where the theory of integration is developed. The Radon–Nikodym theorem is proved, and the differentiation of measures discussed.
Political Parties in Africa
Authors: Elischer Sebastian
Published: June 2014

This book examines the effects of ethnicity on party politics in sub-Saharan Africa. Sebastian Elischer analyzes political parties in Ghana, Kenya and Namibia in detail, and provides a preliminary analysis of parties in seven other countries including Tanzania, Botswana, Senegal, Zambia, Malawi, Burkina Faso and Benin. Elischer finds that five party types exist: the mono-ethnic, the ethnic alliance, the catch-all, the programmatic, and the personalistic party. He uses these party types to show that the African political landscape is considerably more diverse than conventionally assumed. Whereas ethnic parties dominate in some countries, non-ethnic parties have become the norm in others. This study also finds a correlation between a country's ethnic make-up and the salience of political ethnicity: countries with a core ethnic group are prone to form non-ethnic parties. In countries lacking a core ethnic group, ethnic parties constitute the norm.
Freedom Rising
Authors: Welzel Christian
Published: June 2014

This book presents a comprehensive theory of why human freedom gave way to increasing oppression since the invention of states - and why this trend began to reverse itself more recently, leading to a rapid expansion of universal freedoms and democracy. Drawing on a massive body of evidence, the author tests various explanations of the rise of freedom, providing convincing support of a well-reasoned theory of emancipation. The study demonstrates multiple trends toward human empowerment, which converge to give people control over their lives. Most important among these trends is the spread of 'emancipative values', which emphasize free choice and equal opportunities. The author identifies the desire for emancipation as the origin of the human empowerment trend and shows when and why this desire grows strong; why it is the source of democracy; and how it vitalizes civil society, feeds humanitarian norms, enhances happiness, and helps redirect modern civilization toward sustainable development.
Understanding Evolution
Authors: Kampourakis Kostas
Published: June 2014

Current books on evolutionary theory all seem to take for granted the fact that students find evolution easy to understand when actually, from a psychological perspective, it is a rather counterintuitive idea. Evolutionary theory, like all scientific theories, is a means to understanding the natural world. Understanding Evolution is intended for undergraduate students in the life sciences, biology teachers or anyone wanting a basic introduction to evolutionary theory. Covering core concepts and the structure of evolutionary explanations, it clarifies both what evolution is about and why so many people find it difficult to grasp. The book provides an introduction to the major concepts and conceptual obstacles to understanding evolution, including the development of Darwin's theory, and a detailed presentation of the most important evolutionary concepts. Bridging the gap between the concepts and conceptual obstacles, Understanding Evolution presents evolutionary theory with a clarity and vision students will quickly appreciate.
The Israel-Palestine Conflict
Authors: Gelvin James L.
Published: June 2014

Now entering its third edition, James L. Gelvin's award-winning account of the conflict between Israelis and their forebears, on the one hand, and Palestinians and theirs, on the other, offers a compelling, accessible and current introduction for students and general readers. Newly updated to take into account the effects of the 2010–11 Arab uprisings on the conflict and the recognition of Palestinian statehood by the United Nations, the book traces the struggle from the emergence of nationalism among the Jews of Europe and the Arab inhabitants of Ottoman Palestine through the present, exploring the external pressures and internal logic that have propelled it. Placing events in Palestine within the framework of global history, The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War skilfully interweaves biographical sketches, eyewitness accounts, poetry, fiction, and official documentation into its narrative.
Strangers and Neighbors
Authors: Voyer Andrea M.
Published: June 2014

In Strangers and Neighbors, Andrea M. Voyer shares five years of observations in the city of Lewiston. She shows how long-time city residents and immigrant newcomers worked to develop an understanding of the inclusive and caring community in which they could all take part. Yet the sense of community developed in Lewiston was built on the appreciation of diversity in the abstract rather than by fostering close and caring relationships across the boundaries of class, race, culture, and religion. Through her sensitive depictions of the experiences of Somalis, Lewiston city leadership, anti-racism activists, and even racists, Voyer reveals both the promise of and the obstacles to achieving community in the face of diversity.
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF MAIZE AND MUNGBEAN TO TOBACCO ALLELOPATHY
Authors: FAROOQ MUHAMMAD , HUSSAIN TANWEER , WAKEEL ABDUL , CHEEMA ZAHID ATA
Published: June 2014

Seedling emergence and stand establishment of crops following the allelopathic crops are often affected. When the crops are grown in rotation, they are influenced by allelopathy of preceding crop. In this study, consisting of three independent experiments, allelopathic effect of tobacco, rich in several allelochemicals, on the subsequent maize and mungbean crops was investigated. In first experiment, maize and mungbean were sown in field previously occupied by tobacco or was fallow. In second experiment, maize and mungbean were planted in pots after the harvest of tobacco. Whereas in third experiment, maize and mungbean seeds were soaked in water or 2 and 4 mM nicotine and were then sown in soil-filled pots. Stand establishment, leaf emergence and growth of maize were significantly improved when grown after tobacco, whereas in mungbean these characters were suppressed when grown after tobacco. Likewise external application of nicotine improved the emergence uniformity, seedling dry weight and chlorophyll contents in maize and suppressed these parameters in mungbean. Tobacco allelopathy also increased the total soil nitrogen, zinc, iron, nicotine and total phenolics. Nicotine-induced change in chlorophyll contents and α-amylase activity seems the possible reason of differential response of maize and mungbean to tobacco allelopathy. When grown in rotation with tobacco, stand establishment and growth of maize were improved, whereas mungbean stand and growth were suppressed. In crux, allelopathic nature of the crops must be considered while making the crop rotations.
DISPARITIES IN MODERN CONTRACEPTION USE AMONG WOMEN IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PROVINCIAL VARIATIONS BASED ON HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA
Authors: KANDALA NGIANGA-BAKWIN , LUKUMU FELLY KINZIUNGA , MANTEMPA JOCELYN NZINUNU , KANDALA JOSEPH DESIRE , CHIRWA TOBIAS
Published: June 2014

This study investigates inequalities at the province level of the use of modern contraception and the proportion of short birth intervals among women in the DRC using data from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression and Bayesian geo-additive models were used. The posterior odds ratio and the associated 95% credible interval (95% CI) were estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Posterior spatial effects were mapped at the province level with the associated posterior probability maps showing statistical significance at 5%. The overall rates of modern contraception use among the entire sample of women (15–49 years old;N=7172) and youth (15–24 years old;N=1389) were 5.7% and 6.0% respectively. However, there was striking variation in contraceptive use between the two groups across provinces with a clear east-to-west gradient. The highest use in the total sample was in Nord-Kivu (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.12, 1.55) and Bas Congo provinces (1.47; 1.22, 1.78). For the youth, the highest use was observed in Nord-Kivu (1.19; 0.92, 1.65). In multivariate Bayesian geo-additive regression analyses among the entire sample of women, factors consistently associated with lower use of modern contraception were living in rural areas (0.71; 0.62, 0.82), living in low-income households (0.67; 0.54, 0.80) and having no education (0.83; 0.67, 0.97). For the youth sample, living in low-income households (0.57; 0.41, 0.84) and no breast-feeding (0.64; 0.47, 0.86) were consistently associated with a lower use of modern contraception. The study shows a distinct geographic pattern in the use of modern contraception in youth and the entire sample of women in the DRC, suggesting a potential role for socioeconomic factors, such as accessibility, affordability and availability, as well as environmental factors at the province level beyond individual-level risk factors.
A rare case of a chronic syphilitic gumma in a man infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Masege S D , Karstaedt A
Published: June 2014

Objective:

This paper reports a rare case of a human immunodeficiency virus infected man with gummatous syphilis of the face.

Case report:

A 39-year-old man presented with an ulcer of the face which had been slowly progressive over the previous 6 years. Examination showed an ulcerative lesion of the midface involving the cheeks, and completely destroying the nose, the upper lip and part of the lower lip. The teeth and gums were exposed. The ulcer had a moist, purulent base with rolled edges. The patient had human immunodeficiency virus, with a cluster of differentiation 4 count of 641 cells per µl. The rapid plasma reagin test titre was 1:1024 and theTreponema pallidumhaemagglutination assay result was positive. Biopsy showed non-necrotising granulomata with a negative Warthin–Starry silver stain. There was a dramatic response to treatment with penicillin.

Conclusion:

This case study is a reminder that syphilis needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual presentations involving skin and bone.
Social Policy Digest Online
Authors: Croft Jacqui
Published: June 2014

The Social Policy Digest is a major online resource providing up-to-date listings of developments across the whole range of UK and pan-European social policy issues – including links to source materials and commentary. The Digest is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Social Policy Association.
A Precise Weighting Approach with Application to Combined L1/B1 GPS/BeiDou Positioning
Authors: Cai Changsheng , Pan Lin , Gao Yang
Published: June 2014

The BeiDou system has been providing a regional navigation service since 27 December 2012. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) user community will benefit from combined Global Positioning System (GPS)/BeiDou positioning due to improved positioning accuracy, reliability and availability. But to achieve the best positioning solutions, precise weights of the GPS and BeiDou observations are important since this involves the processing of measurements from two different satellite systems with different quality. Currently, a priori variances are typically used to determine the weights of different types of observations. However, such an approach may not be precise since many un-modelled errors are not accounted for. The Helmert variance component estimation method is more appropriate in this case to determine the weights of GPS and BeiDou observations. This requires high redundant observations in order to obtain reliable solutions, which will be a concern in the case of insufficient numbers of visible satellites. To address this issue, a weighting approach is proposed by a combination of the Helmert method and a moving-window average filter. In this approach, the filter is applied to combine all epoch-by-epoch weight estimates within a time window. As a result, more precise and reliable weights for GPS and BeiDou observations can be obtained at every epoch. Both static and kinematic tests in open sky and under tree environments are conducted to assess the performance of the new weighting approach. The results indicate significantly improved positioning accuracy.