bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective Troubleshooting of EZ-Blocker™ Endobronchial Blocker Insertion in Minimally Invasive CABG Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Maiti Arupratan , Moitra Sreya , Guha Amrita
Published: November 2024

EZ-Blocker™ is a specially designed semi-rigid Y-shaped Bronchial Blocker (BB) containing two inflatable cuffs. The difficulties and challenges encountered while inserting the Rusch EZ-Blocker™ (Teleflex Life Sciences Ltd., Athlone, Ireland) for isolating the left lung in Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (MICS CABG) surgery are numerous and varied. The present case series describes 28 different patients (out of 102 patients with attempted EZ-Blocker™) who faced various difficulties and technical problems while introducing the EZ-Blocker™ and how troubleshooting was performed in those cases with different manoeuvres. The difficulties in inserting the EZ-Blocker™ were due to a variety of reasons such as inadequate space between the carina and bronchus, a prominent right main bronchus at an acute angle compared to the obtuse angle of the left main bronchus, a compressed left main bronchus, deviation of the airway and a deep posterior bronchus. The manoeuvres used to overcome these challenges included controlled pulling of the endotracheal tube upwards, rotation of the head to the right-side with or without direct tracheal manual compression to the right-side, manual widening of the distal Y end of the EZ-Blocker™ and extension of the head in selected cases. Out of 102 attempted cases of EZ-Blocker™, difficulty (insertion time >90 seconds) was noted in 28 cases, which were managed with the different clinical manoeuvres mentioned above. However, in four other cases, the EZ-Blocker™ could not be introduced and the attempts failed. Although the EZ-Blocker™ is a safe and easy alternative to the Double Lumen Tube (DLT), it has not been widely used in India to date. The proposed manoeuvres will surely help clinicians use it more efficiently in cases where they encounter difficulty during insertion.
Smart Fuel Monitoring for Agricultural Fleet Operations Using Tilt Sensors and Cloud Data Processing
Authors: B A Anand , H S Kathyayini , Teju
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel Internet of Things (IoT)-based fuel monitoring and tracking system designed to address limitations of traditional fuel gauges and enhance fleet management efficiency. The system leverages an accelerometer and Arduino microcontroller to measure fuel level by detecting tilt angles within the tank. This data, along with real-time location from GPS, is transmitted to a cloud platform for processing and visualization. A mobile application, "Tracer," empowers users with insights into fuel level, location on a map, and distance traveled. Graphical fuel consumption patterns further aid in optimization strategies. This solution offers real-time data for improved fuel efficiency, proactive route planning, and overall fleet management. The proposed system is successfully implemented IOT based technology. This sys in Ada fruit IO cloud issued to provide information about vehicle location, fuel level in tank and distance travelled by the vehicle.
Advancements in Hydroponic Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Thapa Umesh , Hansda Narendra Nath , Kundu Sourav , Giri Anmol , Tamang Dupchen , Rahaman Abujafar Oliyar
Published: November 2024

Hydroponics, the practice of growing plants without soil using mineral nutrient solutions in water, represents a significant shift in agricultural methodologies. Modern hydroponic systems have evolved substantially since the early 20th century, with advancements in system design, automation, nutrient management, and environmental control enhancing efficiency, scalability, and applicability. This review examines recent innovations that have addressed traditional challenges and created new opportunities for hydroponic cultivation.
Hydroponics offers advantages over traditional soil-based agriculture, including precise nutrient control, reduced water usage, and the elimination of soil-borne diseases and pests. These benefits are critical in addressing modern agricultural challenges such as soil degradation, water scarcity, and the need for increased food production for a growing global population. Hydroponic systems can be implemented in diverse environments, making them adaptable solutions for enhancing food security and sustainability. Key developments in various hydroponic systems are highlighted, including the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water Culture (DWC), Ebb and Flow, Aeroponics, Wick Systems, and Drip Systems. Innovations in these systems focus on optimizing nutrient delivery, oxygenation, and integrating sensors for precise control, improving overall performance and yield.
Technological advancements, such as automation and control systems, sensors, and monitoring technologies, have revolutionized hydroponic farming by enabling real-time data collection and environmental management. The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart farming practices, combined with data analytics and machine learning, has further optimized system performance and decision-making. LED lighting and vertical farming techniques have maximized space utilization and improved crop yields, particularly in urban environments. Advances in nutrient solutions, disease management, and water quality have optimized plant health and resource efficiency. Economic and environmental considerations, including cost-benefit analyses and comparisons with traditional agriculture, highlight the potential for hydroponics to offer better returns on investment and reduce environmental impact.
Despite the significant progress, challenges such as high initial setup costs and technical complexities remain. Future research opportunities and interdisciplinary collaborations are essential to address these challenges and drive further innovation in hydroponic farming.
Examining College of Education Physical Education Teachers Knowledge and Skills in ICT Integration in Physical Education
Authors: Baidoo Stephen , Tetteh Abraham
Published: November 2024

This paper aimed at exploring and analyzing the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Physical Education (PE) tutors in the Ghanaian Colleges of Education with regards to the knowledge and application of ICT. The authors used an online survey to administer a questionnaire to 46 PE tutors in which the authors used a tool called the TPACK. To analyze collected data descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses were used. The study findings showed that PE tutors scored high overall on all the TPACK constructs with a focus being Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, and Pedagogical Content Knowledge being the highest. Technological Knowledge and Technological Content Knowledge stood slightly lower scores. High correlations were established between most of the TPACK constructs, with Technological Pedagogical Knowledge being most predictive of the total TPACK. Interestingly, results showed that Pedagogical Content Knowledge was a significant and negative predictor of TPACK. From this study, information was gained on the current state of Ghanaian PE tutors’ ICT readiness which informs areas of potential focused CPD. The study adds to the is scarce literature on TPACK for PE tutors in the Ghanaian Colleges of Education and stress the need to adopt contextualized approaches to use of technology in areas such as Physical Education.
School Feeding Programme, Smallholder Farmers, and Development of Rural Areas in Nigeria
Authors: Odoh Tochukwu , Otto Godly , Medee Peter , Nnamdi Kelechi C.
Published: November 2024

Nigerian Federal government under the Muhammadu Buhari led-administration attempts to develop rural areas in Nigeria by introducing the Home-grown School Feeding (HGSF) Programme in 2016 in order to boost local agricultural production, create employment opportunities, reduce out-of-school children, boost nutrition and health status of schoolchildren, and ameliorate economic wellbeing of the rural areas as a strategy to grow and develop the Nigerian Economy. The study examines the linkages among School feeding Programme, smallholder farmers, and rural development in Nigeria. By comparing changes in agricultural productivity between treatment and control groups, the analysis reveals a positive but modest effect of the HGSF programme, with an R-squared value of 0.096 indicating that approximately 9.6% of the variability in agricultural output can be explained by the model. The findings align with existing literature that validates the role of school feeding programmes in enhancing agricultural productivity and food security. The study exposes the nation-wide impact of the policy given the huge investment in a single programme like the HGSF programme since implementation in the 35 states in Nigeria, including the Federal Capital Territory.
The Effect of Sustainable Business Practices on Company Value in Indonesia Stock Exchange Sri-Kehati Index Companies
Authors: Widyandaru Rio Zakarias , Hamzah Muhammad Zilal , Hady Hamdy , Santosa Budi , Radyati Maria R Nindita
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of economic, environmental, social, and governance performance on firm value moderated by PROPER and COVID-19 in listed companies included in the SRI-KEHATI index for 10 consecutive years. The type of research used is quantitative research using hypothesis testing of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable with moderation of certain variables. The research variable includes the dependent variable, firm value, independent variable, which is economic, environmental, social, and governance performance (EESG), as well as moderating variables, PROPER and COVID-19. Purposive sampling is used through certain criteria, contain public companies included in the SRI-KEHATI index group for 10 consecutive years This results in a total 130 samples (13 companies during the 2012—2021) The data analysis used are descriptive statitisical and multiple regrssion. The results of this study are (1) economic, environmental, and governance performance have a significant positive effect on firm value. However, social performance does not have a significant positive effect on firm value; (2) PROPER is proven to moderate the positive effect of governance performance on firm value, but not the effect of economic, environmental, or social performance; (3) COVID-19 is not moderate the positive effect of economic, environmental, social, and governance performance on firm value The implication of this study are (1) the implementation of sustainable business practices in economic, environmental, social and governance aspects is an important thing that must be implemented by companies in order to create a sustainable business; (2) PROPER can strengthen environmental management governance performance; (3) The dimensions and indicators used can serve as a reference for the company in sustainable business practices and as a basis for investors to make investment decisions; and (4) To be the basis of reference for the company, investors, and regulators.
Effects of Diallium and Ziziphus honey in Second-Degree Burns on Wistar Rats
Authors: AI Mbaye , K Diatta , A Sarr , SIM Dieng , ML Dieng , W Diatta , M Sene , AD Fall
Published: November 2024

Background: Nowadays, the use of honeys in the treatment of burns and wounds has aroused growing interest due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and healing properties.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diallium and Ziziphus honey in second degree burns on wistar rats.
Methodology: A metal cylinder with a diameter of 3 cm was heated for five minutes. In order to cause experimental burns, the rats' shaved skin was lightly pressed with the cylinder for twenty seconds so as to induce second-degree burns.
Results: The daily application of honey induces a healing dependent on typology and concentration. The healing rate is higher with DZ, with a score of 1.00 ± 0.63 vs 1.25 ± 0.43 for JUJ which induces almost complete tissue repair after 21 days of treatment.
Conclusion: Findings from the research confirm the use of traditional honeys for burns and wound healing.
Neuroprotective Role of Zingerone: Investigating the Effective Doses of Zingerone in Lead Acetate-Induced Brain Dysfunctions in Rats
Authors: Younus Mohammed Ibrahim , Hanoon Hind A. , Aldossary Ahmed Talib Yassen , Mahmood Ahmed Neama
Published: November 2024

This experiment was designed to determine the effective dose of zingerone against the sublethal dose of lead acetate that induced brain dysfunctions in rats through using different successive doses of zingerone on some parameters related to oxidative stress for 28 days. Thirty-six adult male rats were randomly selected and divided equally into six experimental groups and treated for 28 days as follows: Control group: administered (orally) sterile distilled water. G1 group: administered (orally) (1/280 from LD50) of lead acetate and treated with 25mg/kg for 4 weeks, the rats were then dissected. G2 group: administered (orally) (1/280 from LD50) of lead acetate and treated with 50mg/kg for 4 weeks, the rats were then dissected. G3 group: administered (orally) (1/280 from LD50) of lead acetate and treated with 100mg/kg for 4 weeks, the rats were then dissected. G4 group: administered (orally) (1/280 from LD50) of lead acetate and treated with 150mg/kg for 4 weeks, the rats were then dissected. G5 group: administered (orally) (1/280 from LD50) of lead acetate and treated with 200mg/kg for 4 weeks, the rats were then dissected. Blood samples were collected, by heart punched under anesthesia, at the end of the experiment for measuring the serum malondialdehyde, neuroglobulin, and dopamine concentrations. The result showed a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between successive doses of zingerone and dopamine and neuroglobulin concentrations, while a significant (P<0.05) negative correlation between successive doses of zingerone and the concentration of malondialdehyde in all animals that are treated with lead acetate compared to the control group. Concluded from this research show that the zingerone has potent antioxidants and neuroprotective effects at the dose 125 mg/kg BW may result in a significant improvement of the neurotransmitter levels and decrease in the production of oxidative stress to the brain tissue.
Enhancing Fraud Detection Systems through Advanced Data Engineering Techniques
Authors: Ponnusamy Sivakumar , P Rajkumar
Published: November 2024

Aims: Fraud remains a persistent issue in various industries, particularly in finance, e-commerce, and healthcare, where traditional rule-based systems have struggled to keep pace with the evolving complexity of fraudulent activities. This study aims to develop an enhanced fraud detection framework by addressing the limitations of traditional rule-based systems, particularly in industries where sophisticated fraud schemes prevail.
Study Design: The research utilizes advanced data engineering techniques, including big data analytics, machine learning, and real-time processing, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of fraud detection systems.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted over two years across industries with high fraud susceptibility, including financial services, e-commerce platforms, and healthcare organizations.
Methodology: The framework integrates various data sources, including transaction logs, user behavior, and external fraud indicators. These datasets were pre-processed through data cleaning, feature engineering, and integration. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning models, such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting, were applied to detect fraud patterns. Real-time data processing enabled immediate detection and response. The system continuously learned from historical data, adapting to new fraud tactics and improving detection over time.
Results: The proposed framework demonstrated a significant improvement in fraud detection accuracy, with machine learning models achieving over 90% accuracy rates. There was also a 30% reduction in false positives compared to traditional methods, and detection times were shortened by 40%, enabling faster identification and mitigation of emerging fraud schemes.
Conclusion: This study concludes that integrating advanced data engineering techniques with machine learning significantly enhances fraud detection systems' accuracy, scalability, and adaptability. While promising, further improvements are needed, particularly in addressing the evolving nature of fraud schemes and ensuring the scalability of real-time data processing. These areas present opportunities for future research and development.
Investigation on the Effect of Sacoglottis gabonensis on Blood Glucose, Body Weight and Behavioural Changes of Mice Exposed to Non-nutritive Sweeteners during Gestation Period
Authors: Wekhe-Emenike Aruchi, , Obulor Adetutu Olubunmi , West Jane Ominini , Orlu Regina Chike
Published: November 2024

Aim: Aim of this research was to investigate the role of Sacoglotts gabonensis on blood sugar, body weight and behavioural changes of mice exposed to artificial sweeteners.
Study Design: A total of 16 female mice (mean weight 18.6±2.32g) divided into four groups were used in this study.
Methodology: Group A received no sweeteners or S. gabonensis, B received 50mg of sweeteners only, C received 50mg of sweeteners and 250mg/kg/bw of S. gabonensis, D received 250mg/kg/bw of S. gabonensis only for 8weeks.
Results: show that group A and D had significant (p<0.05) decrease in blood glucose concentration with 7.27±3.53 mmol/L and 8.22±1.87 mmol/L respectively compared to group B and C with 9.12±1.03 mmol/L and 8.22±1.87 mmol/L. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in body weight in groups A 32.60±7.34g and B 31.38±4.53g compared to groups C, 22.45±15.49g and D, 24.00±14.71g. Gestation length was between 19 and 20 days for the different groups and behavioural changes such as climbing, running, nesting and restlessness were observed in all the groups.
Conclusion: The administration of S. gabonensis did not alter gestation length and behavioural changes during gravid period in experimental animals but altered the blood glucose concentrations However, administration of S. gabonensis is recommended for individuals who are at risk of developing high blood glucose concentration and increased body weight as it has shown modulatory effect on blood glucose and body weight gain.
Ecological Role of Spiders in Terrestrial Ecosystem and Their Conservation Priorities
Authors: Khan Nazneen Akther , Singh Manoj
Published: November 2024

Spiders are members of the phylum Arthropoda, the largest phylum of animal groups in the world under the class Arachnida. Spiders are ubiquitous in distribution, invade almost every type of habitat, and are the most abundant invertebrate predators in terrestrial ecosystems. Nearly 47,617species of spiders under 4,092 genera in 114 families were recorded in the world. Spiders are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, occupying a unique position in food webs. As predators, they are important in the regulation of invertebrate populations, which include pest species, and as prey, they provide food for other invertebrates and birds. They are important components of the food chain. This is not withstanding the contribution they make to ecosystems in their own right.Spider silk has unique properties that have potential applications in medicine and technology. Many species of spiders have been used as medicines. As bee populations plummet, spiders might be the next solution to the pollination process. Spiders are among the most fascinating creatures on earth, and their importance in scientific research cannot be overstated. Spiders play a critical role in maintaining ecological balance, and studying their behavior and biology can greatly advance our understanding of the natural world. The witnessing role of spiders in terrestrial ecosystems has made them ecologically important. In the past few years, spiders have faced several threats that have affected their populations and diversity. Prior conservation programs are required to protect this species from being more vulnerable and endangered.
Economic Analysis, Yield Optimization, and Competition Dynamics of Groundnut/Cereal Fodder Intercropping Systems in Pakistan's Semi Arid Tropics
Authors: Nasir Abaid Ur Rehman , Ammara Gill , Hussain Muhammad Zeeshan , Mahmood Muhammad Huzaifa , Zia Faheem , Rashid Muhammad , Badar Muhammad Ihtisham , Sohail Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on the intercropping management options including aspects of yield performance, nitrogen contribution to groundnut and economical considerations through the usage of intercrop Maize, Sorghum and Pearl Millet under varying cuttings treatments. Intercropping is effective in increasing land productivity and efficiency in nutrient use and provides economic returns yet the best combinations have not been well explored. Randomised complete block design was used to assess the growth characteristics of plant height, modulation and nitrogen in sole cropping and intercropping treatments in which they make cuts. For sole crop, both, maize and pearl millet produced the highest green fodder yields of 13.40 t ha⁻¹ and 19.10 t ha⁻¹, respectively, and intercropping reduced the productivity for both crops but it was statistically significant, yield recorded in Maize (one cut) groundnut = 3.10 t ha⁻¹. Both nodulation and nitrogen content were maximum in sole groundnut, but they were lower when groundnut was grown in association with other crops. Among all competitive indices, the LER was the highest on maize (LER=1.72), pearl millet and sorghum indicated that intercropping enhances land use efficiency. This was facilitated by the Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) that provided much support to maize-groundnut intercrop, which was easily identified as the most appropriate option for inter-crop revenue generation with an MAI of Rs. 17,800. These results provide evidence for the suitability of maize as the best intercrop for the enhancement of productivity and profitability in groundnut based intercropping systems. This study adds valuable input to sustainable agriculture, particularly in that it expresses the yields and profits from distinct intercrop associations as numeral digits deemed useful by both the scientific and agricultural communities.
Voters’ Perspectives on Elections (2011-2021): A Hermeneutic Study in Chadiza Constituency, Eastern Province, Zambia
Authors: Ivo Chishimba , Tuke Chulu
Published: November 2024

The study explored voters’ experience during elections from 2011 to 2021 in Chadiza District of Eastern Province, Zambia. The objectives of the study were: to establish causes of electoral violence, to describe effects of electoral violence and to establish mitigation measures to ameliorating electoral violence in Chadiza Constituency. This was a thematic analysis and used qualitative research method with 35 participants. In using the Hermeneutic phenomenology, the authors desired not to depart from personal opinions, experiences and value as aid to analyse and interpret collected data.
Data was collected through interviews and Focus Group Discussion using purposive sampling. The results of the study were discussed in referential to thematic areas that emerged during data analysis and they established that voting experiences in Chadiza were characterised by electoral violence. The factors that caused electoral violence and effects of electoral violence were revealed by the study. The collected data helped in formulation of sustainable electoral violence prevention measures. The study recommended that the Electoral Commission of Zambia ought to bridge the gap between Ideal and real elections by applying appropriate measures that would lead to cost effective elections that over rides or reduce elections nullifications.
Traceability Strategy for Dried Mango Production Units: A Study in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Souleymane Soumahoro , Hyacinthe Anon Attoh , Liliane Kouame Maimouna , Serge Guede Seri
Published: November 2024

Background: Defined as a tool for quality management, traceability is succeeding in boosting the performance of agro-industrial production systems. However, in Côte d'Ivoire, certain industries such as food processing units do not have a traceability system.
Aims: A study was therefore carried out in the Korhogo commune at two dried mango production units, ″ coop-ca Gninnangnon ″ and ″Ivoire organics″ selected for their production capacity. The overall aim of the study is to help improve the quality and competitiveness of dried mango processing units.
Methods and Results: Firstly, levels of satisfaction with the general principles of traceability were determined using an evaluation grid. Radar and Pareto diagrams were then used to analyze the system using the 0, 1, 2, 3 rating method. It is worth noting the difference in fruit loss during ripening, with each company using different methods.  As far as coding procedures are concerned, the traceability elements implemented by the two structures through the traceability registration and identification registers enabled codes to be determined according to the organization of each company. However, this coding led to the proposal of a traceability scheme adapted to the realities of the companies in terms of all the parameters specific to the units. It should be noted here that COOP-CA GNINNANGNON's drying unit achieved an overall satisfaction rate of 62.74% with respect to traceability requirements, while IVOIRE ORGANICS achieved an overall satisfaction rate of 74.47%.
Conclusion: The establishment of a coherent traceability system will contribute to the competitiveness of mango processing companies.
Soil Physico-chemical Responses to Integrated Nutrient Management in Lentil Intercropped with Bhimal (Grewia optiva) in Agroforestry vs. Open Systems
Authors: Prakash  , Pant K. S. , Prakash Prem , Chand Krishan , Bhatia Avinash Kumar , Saakshi
Published: November 2024

The growing concern over health risks associated with the heavy use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in India, which have been linked to rising cancer cases, underscores the need for sustainable agricultural practices. Integrated Nutrient Management offers a promising solution to enhance soil fertility and support crop health, especially for lentil cultivation within agroforestry systems. This study, conducted at Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry in Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, examined the effects of INM on the soil’s physical and chemical properties when lentils were intercropped within a Grewia optiva (Bhimal) agroforestry system in the mid-hills region of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment evaluated various combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers, including T1: Recommended Dose of Fertilizer, T2: Farmyard Manure, T3: Vermicompost, T4: Goat Manure, T5: 50% Recommended dose of fertilizer + 50% Farm yard manure, T6: 50% Recommended dose of fertilizer + 50% Vermicompost, T7: 50% Recommended dose of fertilizer + 50% Goat Manure, and T8: Control. These treatments were applied in plots both under the Bhimal-based agroforestry system (S1) and in open field conditions (S2), with three replications per treatment following a factorial randomized block design. Key physical parameters such as bulk density, particle density, porosity, and soil moisture were measured alongside chemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon content, and the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Data collected over two years was analyzed using R Statistical Software, revealing that INM significantly improved soil properties in the agroforestry system compared to the control. Notably, 100% FYM emerged as the most effective treatment, enhancing soil porosity, moisture, pH, and nutrient availability (N, P, and K). Improvements in soil structure and nutrient levels were particularly evident in the second year, positively impacting lentil growth and yield. The study highlights the potential of INM to promote sustainable, chemical-free agriculture in hilly areas, offering valuable recommendations for farmers and policymakers focused on sustainable agriculture. Specifically, 100% FYM is recommended for improving soil health and crop productivity in the mid-hill region of Himachal Pradesh, providing a model for similar agro-ecological zones aiming to reduce chemical inputs and support human health.
Effect of Organic Nutrients and Zinc Biofortification on Growth and Yield of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) CV. Mahy Harita
Authors: M Agnes Jeba Sheela , A Anburani
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was carried out at Orchard, Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Faculty of Agriculture, TamilNadu during 2023-2024. The experiment was laid out in RBD with fifteen treatments in three replications. The organic manures used in the experiment were farm yard manure (25 t ha-1) and enriched manure (1 t ha-1) as soil application along with consortium biofertilizer (2 kg ha-1) and foliar application of biostimulants viz., panchagavya (3%), sea weed extract (3%) and effective microbial inoculants (2%). The zinc in the form of Bacillus subtilis @ 10 and 20g was applied as soil application. The results of the experiment revealed that the growth parameters viz., vine length, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf breadth and leaf area were recorded the highest in the treatment that received the application of farmyard manure 25 t ha-1combined with panchagavya (3%) as foliar application and Bacillus subtilis @ 20g. The yield attributes viz., the highest number of fruits plant-1, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield plant-1 and the zinc uptake in fruit were registered in the treatment which received the application of enriched manure @1 t ha1 combined with panchagavya (3%) as foliar application and Bacillus subtilis @ 20g (T11) respectively.
Germination and Seedling Performance of Watermelon as Affected by Chemo-priming
Authors: Sharmi Shahrima Zahan , Awal Md. Abdul , Khan Jamia Jahan , Karim Shafayat , Riad Md. Riadul Haque , Sufian Abu , Sarwar A.K.M. Golam
Published: November 2024

Seed priming is a very important operation for healthy germination and seedling growth. Though a growing body of literature, the report on seed priming on watermelon is hardly available. Thus an experiment was conducted to study the germination and seedling performance of three watermelon cultivars viz. Asian 2, Pakorea F1 and Black Red with six seed priming treatments such as hydropriming with distilled water, halopriming with 1.5N NaCl and 3% KNO3, osmopriming with 3% PEG (Polyethylene Glycol), oxidative priming with 0.1N HCl solution and control i.e. no priming. The seeds were primed overnight with the aforesaid liquids and were allowed to grow both in petridishes in dark condition within laboratory and in pot soil under natural condition in an open grill house. All three watermelon cultivars showed significant difference due to seed priming with aforesaid primers. Germination Index (GI) was found higher in Asian 2 and Black Red cultivars due to HCl priming and in Pakorea F1 due to NaCl priming, while priming with PEG and KNO3 inhibited the GI of respective cultivars. Seedling Vigor Index (SVI) was found higher in Pakorea F1 with HCl priming whereas lower in Asian 2 and Black Red cultivars with PEG priming. Both in dark (Lab) and light (open field) conditions, total seedling dry matter was found higher in Asian 2 and Black Red cultivars due to HCl priming and lower in Pakorea F1 due to PEG priming. Results showed that low concentrated (0.1N) HCl solution can be used as priming medium to enhance germination and seedling growth of watermelon seeds.
In vitro Evaluation of the Compatibility between Bactericides, Bioagents with Alkaloid Rich Fractions
Authors: Jakatimath Sanjeev , Kumar K. C. Kiran , Mesta R. K. , S Raghavendra , G Raghavendra , P.S Mahantesh , Gondi Shruti P , T S Archana , Kumar Devendra
Published: November 2024

The bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodispv. Punicae has become a conceivably dangerous infection. Though, the chemical management is efficient, their hazardous effects restrict them for their usage. In this context use of different parts of Prosopis juliflora extract along with antibiotics has become the alternative strategy for management of disease. Detection of secondary metabolites from different parts of the P. juliflorausing specific test indicated the presence of various secondary metabolites. However, leaf extract exhibited high concentration metabolites compared to green pod, yellow pod and inflorescence. Management of this disease utilizing plant extracts is an eco-friendly approach. Alkaloid rich fractions obtained from the different parts of Prosopis juliflora in combination with bactericides were found compatible. Leaf ARF with streptocycline @ 500 ppm showed maximum inhibition of 40.66 mm. Wherein combination with copper hydroxide @ 0.25% ppm and 2-bromo-2-nitro propane-1,3-diol @ 500 ppm showed inhibition of 25.00 mm and 36.98 mm whereas copper oxychloride @ 0.3% showed inhibition of 28.19 mm. These fundings can be used as an effective, eco friendly management strategy against the disease and a feasible solution for antibiotic resistance.
Farmers’ Compliance with the Recommended Doses of Pesticides on Watermelon in Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Owoade Ezekiel O. , Madaki Musa J. , Adedeji Israel A. , Umar Mohammed B.
Published: November 2024

The study investigated farmers’ compliance with the recommended doses of pesticides on watermelon in Yobe State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select one hundred and seventy-three (173) respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on socio-economic characteristics, training in pesticide application, awareness of hazards associated with pesticides, access to information on hazards associated with pesticides and compliance with recommended doses of pesticides. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 43.19, 97.7% were married 73.4% did not have English language reading ability. Training in application of pesticides (0.18), awareness of hazards associated with pesticides (0.28) and access to information (0.43) were low. Most (91.9%) respondents did not comply with the recommended doses of pesticides. Awareness of hazards (B= 2.74, p = 0.01) and access to information (B= 1.45, p = 0.08) significantly influenced compliance with the recommended doses of pesticides. Stakeholders in the agriculture and food sectors should plan and implement schemes to train, inform and boost awareness of the farmers on hazards associated with pesticides to motivate compliance with recommended doses of pesticides, produce safe watermelon and sustain a healthy environment.
Antibiogram, Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing and Fluoroquinolone Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs
Authors: Nehru Banoth Sai
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial resistance in food animals is a global issue. Particularly, the dissemination of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli in food-producing animals posed a public health threat to the efficacy of various antibiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the presence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from fecal samples of pigs in Puducherry. In total, 16 faecal samples from apparently healthy pigs of different age groups were chosen for this study and subjected to detection of ESBL production and FQ resistance. E. coli was isolated from all the faecal samples (100%) and confirmed by biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction. All the E. coli isolates were found to be positive for ESBL production and fluoroquinolone resistance by phenotypic method. Out of 16 E. coli isolates, 11 (68.75%) isolates were positive for the presence of ESBL-producing genes, in which, 2 harbored bla TEM and 9 harboured bla SHV genes. In total 13/16 (81.2%) E. coli isolates harbored PMQR genes, in which 11 isolates harbored the qnrS gene and 11 isolates harbored the qnrB gene. The results showed that 9 isolates harbored both qnrS and qnrB genes in combination. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the majority of the isolates exhibited a high level of resistance against Amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (100%), Cefpodoxime (100%), Cefotaxime (80%), Aztreonam (70%), Ceftazidime (70%), Enrofloxacin (70%) and Ceftriaxone (40%). The present study showed the presence of ESBL-producing and FQ-resistant E. coli in swine in the Puducherry region and their antibiogram pattern.
Knowledge and Preventive Practices Regarding Dengue and Chikungunya Among Outpatients in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shauri Haliya S. , Kagaruki Gibson , Ngadaya Esther , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Senkoro Mbazi , Mchenga Salum , Buza Joram J. , Mfinanga Sayoki
Published: November 2024

Background: The current shift of the burden of infectious diseases from malaria to arbovirus diseases such as chikungunya and dengue is a public health concern. Community understanding and awareness of particular febrile illnesses are essential, especially in controlling and managing such diseases. Therefore, change in   Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices are key focus areas for intervention to prevent the disease. We investigated knowledge and prevention practices regarding dengue and chikungunya amongst outpatients in two hospitals in Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 166 individuals from Temeke Referral Hospital and 166 from Mnazi Mmoja Referral Hospital. The knowledge score was calculated by adding all positive responses to items. Each item was assigned 10 for the positive response and 0 for the negative response, and then all items were included by applying a 10-point scale. The total knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 100, where scores <50 were considered low, while scores ≥ 50 were considered high.
Results: Overall, only 10.2% of all participants had high knowledge of dengue and chikungunya, while 89.8% had low knowledge. Concerning preventive practices, only 4.5% of all participants had good preventive practices, while the majority, 95.5%, had poor practices regarding dengue and chikungunya.
Conclusion: The study shows respondents have insufficient knowledge and risk practices regarding dengue and chikungunya fever. Regular assessments should be conducted using SEM and the KAP approach, which will help improve awareness among community members about the disease’s signs and symptoms, mode of transmission, and improved preventive practices.
Anesthesia Using Eugenol for Two Weight Classes of Piaractus mesopotamicus: Evaluation of Induction Time, Recovery Time, Behavioral Response and Serum Glucose
Authors: Godoy Antonio Cesar , Fantini-Hoag Leticia , Oliveira Daniel Ferreira R. , Ferreira Annye C. V. , Bittencourt Fábio , Scardua Marcos Paiva , Rodrigues Rômulo Batista , Honorato Claucia Aparecida , Neu Dacley Hertes
Published: November 2024

Aims: The use of anesthetics in fish ensures that they can undergo common handling in fish farming without causing damage to production. The aim of the present study was to determine the induction and recovery times of Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to eugenol anesthesia.
Study Design: 100 P. mesopotamicus were used, divided into two weight classes (Class I weighing between 275 and 460 grams; and Class II weighing between 461 and 680 grams).
Methodology: The fish (n=10) were submitted to eugenol anesthesia in five dosages (50.0; 75.0; 100.0; 125.0 and 150.0 mg L−1) and the induction times to anesthesia and recovery to normal activity, as well as fish behavior during this stage.
Results: There were statistical differences (p = .05) between anesthesia and fish recovery. For fish belonging to class I, the best dose to apply is 50 mg L−1, while for class II, the recommended dose is 75 mg L−1. Glucose was higher (p = .05) in animals submitted to a dose of 75 mg L−1 compared to those stunned at 50 mgL−1, but there was no effect between the other doses as well as between weight classes.
Conclusion: Larger fish are induced to deep anesthesia and return to normal behavior before smaller fish. Considering the induction times to anesthesia and total recovery, it is recommended to use a dose of 50 mg L−1 for class I and 75 mg L−1 for class II.
Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Ashanti, Ahafo, Bono and Bono East Regions of Ghana
Authors: Laryea Daniel Oko , Addison Duodu , Kwenin William K. J. , Bashiru Seidu
Published: November 2024

A study was conducted to assess the effects of variety, region, and sex on body measurements and phenotypic correlations between various body measurements.
Three hundred (300) adult indigenous Turkeys of 6-7 months old from each of the four middle-belt regions were sampled. Data on qualitative and quantitative traits from 3 Turkeys consisting of two (2) males and one (1) female randomly selected per farmer was taken (195 males and 105 females). The Morphometric traits such as body weight, beak length, body length, shank length, thigh length, head length, and sternum length were measured and recorded in kilograms (kg) and centimeters (cm). The Qualitative characters (colour) were determined using colour chart. White, Bronze, Black, Black White, and Buff were the Turkey plumage identified. The overall mean body weights for the five colour varieties were: White (4.792±0.201 kg), Black (4.744±0.112 kg), Bronze (4.783±0.284 kg), Black & white (4.547±0.113 kg) and Buff (5.059±0.292 kg). Turkeys from the Bono East region had much higher body weight than Turkeys from the Ashanti, Bono, and Ahafo regions. Cases of genotype-environment interaction were observed. The effect of Sex and Region was a highly significant (P<0.05) source of variation for most of the traits. There were positive, moderate to high correlations between the various body measurements. Body measurement was highly correlated (P <0.05) with body weight, ranging from 0.69 for head length to 0.96 for wing length. This study indicated that there are five (5) indigenous Turkey lines and each showed distinct physical variations for both qualitative and quantitative traits which can be harnessed for future genotypic and molecular characterization.
Evaluation of Different IPM Modules against Green Semilooper (Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fab.) and Capitulum Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hub.) of Sunflower
Authors: Tippimath Sadashiva , Hadimani Basavaraj , S Sujatha , Malipatil Srivijay
Published: November 2024

During Khariff-2017 seven different IPM modules were evaluated against green semilooper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea Fab. and capitulum borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. infesting sunflower. of which spinosad based module (M5) (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (5 g/kg) + metalaxyl 35 SD (5 g/kg) + hand picking & destruction of gregarious early instar larvae of defoliators (Spodoptera litura Fab. and Spilarctia obliqua Walker) + 2 sprays of spinosad (50 and 70 DAS) found superior against major defoliator T. orichalcea Fab. at 3, 5 and 10 days after second spray and capitulum borer, H. armigera Hub. at 3, 5 and 10 days after first spray, followed by IPM module (UAS-B) (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS (5 g/kg) + two sprays of 5 % NSKE and HaNPV (50 and 70 DAS). The present findings also revealed that spinosad based module and NSKE based modules were potential candidates for the suppression of green semilooper and capitulum borer among the different IPM modules that were evaluated.
Effect of Seaweed Extract and Humic Acid Treatment on the Phenological and Yield Characteristics of Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: R S Saishree , V Deepika , S Shakila , S Mohanasundaram , P Chandrasekaran
Published: November 2024

Aim: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of seaweed and humic acid treatment at different doses on the phenological characteristics and yield of guava.
Study Design: Randomized block design.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted from December 2023 to July 2024 to assess the impact of bio-stimulants on the phenological and yield traits of guava (var. Arka Kiran) in the Poongunam village, Chengalpattu Dist, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments: T₁ - Absolute control, T₂ - Water Spray, T₃ - 1% Seaweed Extract, T₄ - 1.5% Seaweed Extract, T₅ - 2% Seaweed Extract, T₆ - 1% Humic Acid, T₇ - 1.5% Humic Acid, and T₈ - 2% Humic Acid, each replicated three times.
Results: Results showed that 2% Seaweed Extract (T₅) significantly improved flower retention (7.55 flowers per shoot), reduced the duration from flowering to fruit set (12.47 days), and shortened the time from fruit set to harvest (121.56 days). T₅ also led to the highest fruit set (68.65%), lowest fruit drop (48.72%), largest fruit weight (150.02 g), and greatest yield (13.35 kg/tree). Humic Acid at 2% (T₈) also improved fruit set (64.32%), fruit drop (49.54%), and yield (12.34 kg/tree), but was less effective than Seaweed Extract.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of Seaweed Extract as a powerful bio-stimulant to enhance guava production, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical treatments.
Postharvest Management Techniques for Improved Shelf Life of Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: M.Anusha  , Sri K.Ramya , Lokesh M. , Deepthi N. Mrudula , Malleswari M. Durga
Published: November 2024

Postharvest management in horticulture is important for maintaining the quality, safety, and shelf life of produce, significantly impacting global food security and economic stability. This review explores critical advancements in postharvest practices, focusing on quality control, safety standards, and emerging technologies. Postharvest quality assessment involves the evaluation of physical, chemical, and sensory attributes, supported by microbiological testing to ensure food safety. Global standards like HACCP, GlobalG.A.P., and ISO 22000 provide frameworks for ensuring compliance and market access. Technological innovations, including near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, and smart sensors, enable precise, real-time monitoring of produce quality, enhancing operational efficiency. Emerging technologies are revolutionizing the field; nanotechnology offers advanced packaging solutions that improve shelf life and food safety, while drones and AI enhance postharvest monitoring and logistics through real-time data collection and predictive analytics. Blockchain technology introduces unprecedented levels of traceability and transparency, ensuring accountability and rapid response to food safety issues. The integration of these technologies not only improves the efficiency and sustainability of postharvest systems but also aligns with consumer demands for high-quality, safe, and sustainably sourced produce. This holistic approach reduces post- harvest losses, enhances market competitiveness, and contributes to global efforts in ensuring food security. The synergy of traditional quality control methods with cutting-edge technologies paves the way for a resilient and adaptive post- harvest management system that meets the evolving challenges of the agricultural sector.