bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic analysis for Korteweg models
Authors: Dreyer Wolfgang , Giesselmann Jan , Kraus Christiane , Rohde Christian
Published: May 2012

This paper deals with a sharp interface limit of the isothermal Navier–Stokes–Korteweg system. The sharp interface limit is performed by matched asymptotic expansions of the fields in powers of the interface width ". These expansions are considered in the interfacial region (inner expansions) and in the bulk (outer expansion) and are matched order by order. Particularly we consider the first orders of the corresponding inner equations obtained by a change of coordinates in an interfacial layer. For a specific scaling we establish solvability criteria for these inner equations and recover the results within the general setting of jump conditions for sharp interface models.
The mediating effect of leader–member exchange on the relationship between Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Şahin Faruk
Published: May 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between McGregor's Theory X and Y management styles and affective commitment through the mediating mechanism of the leader–member exchange (LMX). Adopting a multilevel perspective to explain the complex relations among variables, data were collected from 56 supervisors and 173 subordinates from yacht building companies in Turkey. The results indicated that the Theory Y management style related positively to affective commitment and LMX. In addition, the results indicated that LMX partially mediated the relationship between the Theory Y management style and affective commitment. However, the Theory X management style had no relationships with either LMX or affective commitment. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Exploring the psychological safety of R&D teams: An empirical analysis in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chi-Cheng , Jiang Pin-Chen
Published: May 2012

R&D is uncertain work that involves the knowledge, skills, or perspectives of team members. When R&D teams develop new products or technologies, the need for psychological safety within the teams is increasingly emphasized. If R&D team members perceive that team psychological safety exists, they may be willing to offer knowledge or perspectives during the development process because they are not afraid of being rejected or embarrassed for speaking up. However, the application of the theory of team psychological safety to R&D teams is considerably limited. This study explores the antecedents and consequences of team psychological safety in R&D teams. Our research model is assessed using data from a sample of 245 team members from sixty technology R&D teams at a leading R&D institute and is analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method. The results of this study suggest that: (1) social capital exerts a positive and significant effect on team psychological safety; (2) team psychological safety has a positive and significant impact on team performance; (3) knowledge sharing and team learning positively and significantly mediate the relationship between team psychological safety and team performance; and (4) knowledge sharing exhibits a positive and significant effect on team learning. This study also discusses the implications of team psychological safety for R&D teams.
Shared fate and social comparison: Identity work in the context of a stigmatized occupation
Authors: Vuuren Mark van , Teurlings Jacqueline , Bohlmeijer Ernst T
Published: May 2012

Purpose:

People working in mines face the challenge to construct a positive self-image as society views their occupation as dirty and dangerous. The question was how these dirty workers used different normalizing strategies when specific contexts made a range of categories salient.

Methodology:

We used data from 32 semi-structured interviews with employees of South African gold mines, in which the participants told about the ways they dealt with taint.

Findings:

Miners were aware of stigmas. On the one hand, there was an awareness of the group's shared fate, in line with normalizing strategies found in other stigmatized occupations. On the other hand, we found several examples of social comparison within the group that challenged the expected strong group culture, i.e., supervisors distancing themselves from subordinates and men disparaging female miners.

Practical and research implications:

The nuances in our findings show the complexities of the ways people in stigmatized occupations deal with taint.

Originality/value:

In contrast to previous research, the miners did not only stress the group as a unity. It seems that the opposite processes of shared fate and downward comparison can emerge both, depending on self-categorization dynamics.
Understanding Heat Stress Tolerance of Suspended Cells in the Model Plant Populus euphratica
Authors: Silva-Correia Joana , Azevedo Herlânder , Lino-Neto Teresa , Tavares Rui Manuel
Published: May 2012

A comprehensive understanding of the physiological responses of plants to extreme temperatures is essential for future strategies for plant improvement. Obvious advantages can result from the study of highly adapted plant species, such as the model tree Populus euphratica Olivier that naturally thrives under extreme temperatures, saline soils, and drought. The present paper addresses the issue of P. euphratica thermotolerance using a cell suspension model system. P. euphratica suspended cells were subjected to a range of temperatures (from 5 up to 75°C) for 20 min, and cultures were evaluated for cell viability and biomass content at specific time points. The results have shown that cell viability was only affected after a temperature stress higher than 40°C, although in these conditions it was observed that a cell growth increases after the recovery period. In contrast, a total decline in cell viability was observed in suspended cells treated at 50°C or higher temperatures, which did not show growth recovery capacity. Therefore, the known natural tolerance of P. euphratica to thermal stress was not observable at the cellular level. The greater susceptibility to high temperatures in suspended cells as compared to field plants suggests that high thermotolerance can only be achieved when cells are integrated into a tissue.
Modulation of Bacterial Pathogenesis by Oppressive Aging Factors: Insights into Host-Pneumococcal Interaction Strategies
Authors: Shivshankar Pooja
Published: May 2012

Streptococcus pneumonia, (Spn, the pneumococcus), is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is responsible for 15–40% deaths in the elderly worldwide. A primed inflammatory status is a significant risk factor for the increased severity of infectious diseases among the elderly (≥65 years of age). Studies have shown that expression of host receptors that the pneumococci bind to invade the tissues are increased thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumococcal challenge in aged mice. Cellular senescence, an age-related phenomenon that leads to cell cycle arrest may also contribute to increased inflammation in aged mice. Evidence of cellular senescence in aged lungs of humans and mice adds credits to the concept of inflammaging and enhanced bacterial ligands expression during aging. Furthermore, cell senescence has been shown to occur in age-associated lung pathologies such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that may predispose the elderly to pathogenic assaults, including S. pneumoniae. This review highlights the aspects of: chronic inflammation in the aged population; contribution of cellular senescence to age-associated inflammation and their impact on host receptor expression; and, increased susceptibility of fibrosis and emphysematous lesions-bearing lungs to microbial infections.
Correlation of Trochanter-Shaft Angle in Selection of Entry Site in Antegrade Intramedullary Femoral Nail
Authors: Lakhwani O. P.
Published: May 2012

Background. Selection of entry point for nail insertion is controversial and lack firm anatomical basis. The study is done to analyze the proximal anthropometry of femur and measure the Trochanter-Shaft Angle to find its relation and significance in selection of entry point for antegrade uniplanar femoral nail. Materials and Methods. Study involves the measurement of trochanter-shaft angle and other anthropometric measurements on 50 dry femora and on digital radiogram. Results. Trochanter-Shaft angle ranges between 5–17 degrees in anthropometric study and 4–14 degrees in radiological study. Over all in 27 cases (54%), exit points of reamur fall in the middle quadrant in sagittal and coronal plane, which corresponds to the T-S angle of 6–12 degrees. Discussion and Conclusion. Proximal femoral Anthropometry and Trochanter-shaft angle is variable; hence it is difficult to fix any anatomical point as a universal entry point for antegrade femoral nail insertion. Trochanter shaft angle (TSA) can be well accessed radiologically and serve as a guide for selection of proper entry point.for safe nail insertion. Clinical Relevance. Individual variations in the proximal femur anatomy for safe nail insertion can be correlated with Trochanter shaft angle to serve safe entry site.
Thermodynamic Derivation of the Fluctuation Theorem and Jarzynski Equality
Authors: Ambaum Maarten H. P.
Published: May 2012

A thermodynamic expression for the analog of the canonical ensemble for nonequilibrium systems is described based on a purely information theoretical interpretation of entropy. It is shown that this nonequilibrium canonical distribution implies some important results from nonequilibrium thermodynamics, specifically, the fluctuation theorem and the Jarzynski equality. Those results are therefore expected to be more widely applicable, for example, to macroscopic systems.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Survival Studies of Rhabdomyosarcoma in East Egypt: A Five-Year Multicenter Study
Authors: Badr M. A. , Al-Tonbary Y. A. , Mansour A. K. , Hassan T. H. , Beshir M. R. , Darwish A. , El-Ashry R. A.
Published: May 2012

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, it represents 5–8% of childhood malignancies. Aim of the Work. To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcome in two pediatric oncology centers. Patients and Method. A retrospective analysis was performed on 41 medical records of children with RMS during 6 years period. Results. The median age of patients was 6 years with 80.4% below 10 years. Head and neck was the most common primary site. Embryonal RMS was the most frequent histopathologic subtype. Stage IV was the most frequent stage. According to IRS postsurgical grouping classification, group 4 was the most frequent group. There was a significant relationship between histopathologic subtypes of tumor and metastasis, primary site of tumor and histopathologic subtype, age, metastasis, IRS presurgical stage and IRS postsurgical group and outcome. The overall survival rate was 56.9% ± 8.4 and the failure free survival rate was 68.3% ± 7.6. Conclusion. The epidemiological characteristics of our patients are quite near to the worldwide data, apart from the higher prevalence of stage IV and group 4 with most of the primary tumor site in the extremities. CWS2002 protocol of therapy had led to improvement in the curability of the disease.
Influence of Sound Vibration on Diamond-Like Carbon Deposition Rate
Authors: Karim Syed Md. Ihsanul , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Helali Md. Maksud
Published: May 2012

This work examines how vapor-deposited coating of DLC (partially diamond) on stainless steel 304 substrate is affected by the sound vibration. For this, a specially designed chemical vapor deposition (thermal CVD and hot filament) apparatus having facility of generating sound vibration at different frequency is fabricated. A coating of DLC (partially diamond) has been deposited on the substrate, and the characterization of the coating has been done by SEM, EDX, and XRD. The coating of carbon is identified by EDX, and the allotropic forms of graphite and diamond peaks of carbon are found by XRD analysis. By SEM analysis, it is found that the microstructures of deposited coatings are more compact and smoother under vibration than those in absence of vibration. The experiments were conducted under different ranges of vibration including sonic and ultrasonic range. Studies have shown that the growth rate of deposited coating on a unit area is higher under vibration than that in absence of vibration. It is found that deposition rate varies with the distance between substrate and activation heater and frequency of vibration. The deposition rate does not vary significantly with the change of frequency in the sonic range. The amount of deposition under ultrasonic vibration increases significantly with the frequency of vibration upto 5-6 mm distance between substrate and activation heater. Within this distance, the difference of deposition rate under vibration and without vibration conditions increases almost linearly with the increase of frequency of vibration. Beyond this distance, the effect of frequency on deposition rate becomes almost constant. In addition, the higher the distance, the less is the effectiveness of frequency of vibration on the deposition rate in that range. The deposition rate increases due to the extra vibration of sound added to the system which may enhance the activation energy by increasing its kinetic energy. The experimental results are compared with those available in the literature, and physical explanations are provided.
Infrared Spectroscopy Beamline Based on a Tabletop Storage Ring
Authors: Haque Md. Monirul , Moon Ahsa , Yamada Hironari
Published: May 2012

An optical beamline dedicated to the infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been constructed at MIRRORCLE, a tabletop storage ring. The beamline has been designed for the use of infrared synchrotron radiation (IRSR) emitted from a bending magnet of 156 mm bending radius with the acceptance angle of 355(H) × 138(V) mrad to obtain high flux. The IR emission is forced by an exactly circular optics, named photon storage ring (PhSR), placed around the electron orbit and is collected by a “magic mirror” associated with two plane mirrors in the storage ring. A Fourier transform interferometer has been installed to utilize the IRSR at MIRRORCLE. The design of the optical system and calculated results are reported.
Reconstrucción de memoria en historias de vida. Efectos políticos y terapéuticos
Authors: Molina Valencia Nelson
Published: May 2012

The article presents the findings of a psychosocial intervention process with affected people and offenders in the Colombian armed political conflict. The intervention was oriented from collective memory contents collected through life stories in the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Colombia. The first conclusion based on social constructionism is the shift in the nomination of the actors in conflict: victim for affected, victimizer for offender, civil society for offended. At the end of the process five categories were defined which were common to both populations and one which was specific to offenders. The common ones were: temporality, causality, facts reported, feelings, and coping. The specific category of the offender community was Life- Experience in the armed organization.
Serial and parallel organ‐at‐risk‐specific noncoplanar arc optimization for small versus large target volumes in liver SBRT
Authors: Lincoln John , MacDonald Lee , Ward Lucy , Johnston Shelly , Syme Alasdair , Thomas Christopher
Published: June 2024

Noncoplanar arc optimization has been shown to reduce OAR doses in SRS/SRT and has the potential to reduce doses to OARs in SBRT. Extracranial targets have additional considerations, including large OARs and, in the case of the liver, volume constraints on the healthy liver. Considering pathlengths through OARs that encompass target volumes may lead to specific dose reductions as in the encompassing healthy liver tissue. These optimizations must also leverage delivery efficiency and trajectory sampling to ensure ease of clinical translation. The purpose of this research is to generate optimized static‐couch arcs that separately consider serial and parallel OARs and arc delivery efficiency, with a trajectory sampling metric, towards the aim of reducing dose to OARs and the surrounding healthy liver tissue. Separate BEV cost maps were created for parallel, and serial OARs by means of a fast ray‐triangle intersection algorithm. An additional BEV cost map was created for the liver which, by definition, encompasses the liver tumors. The individual costs of these maps were summed and combined with the sampling metric for 100 000 random combinations of arc trajectories. A search algorithm was applied to find an arc trajectory solution that satisfied BEV cost and sampling optimization, while also ensuring an efficient delivery was possible with a low number of arcs. This method of arc selection was evaluated for 16 liver SBRT patients characterized by small and large target volumes. Comparisons were made with a clinical arc template of coplanar arcs. Dosimetric plan quality was evaluated using published guidelines and metrics from RTOG1112. Four of five plan quality metrics for the liver were significantly reduced when planned with optimized noncoplanar arcs. Median (range) reductions of the volumes receiving 10, 18, and 21 Gy were found of 140.4 (295.8) cc (p = 0.001), 28.2 (230.6) cc (p = 0.002) and 18.5 (155.5) cc (p = 0.04). A significant increase in median (range) dose to the right kidney of 0.2 ± 0.9 Gy (p = 0.03) was also found using optimized noncoplanar arcs, which was below the tolerance of 10 Gy for all cases. The average number of arcs chosen was 4 ± 1. Optimizing serial and parallel OARs separately during static couch noncoplanar arc selection significantly reduced the dose to the liver during SBRT using a moderate number of arcs.
MU variability in CBCT‐guided online adaptive radiation therapy
Authors: Tanny Sean , Dona Lemus Olga M , Wancura Joshua , Sperling Nicholas , Webster Matthew , Jung Hyunuk , Zhou Yuwei , Li Fiona , Yoon Jihyung , Podgorsak Alexander , Zheng Dandan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

CBCT‐guided online‐adaptive radiotherapy (oART) systems have been made possible by using artificial intelligence and automation to substantially reduce treatment planning time during on‐couch adaptive sessions. Evaluating plans generated during an adaptive session presents significant challenges to the clinical team as the planning process gets compressed into a shorter window than offline planning. We identified MU variations up to 30% difference between the adaptive plan and the reference plan in several oART sessions that caused the clinical team to question the accuracy of the oART dose calculation. We investigated the cause of MU variation and the overall accuracy of the dose delivered when MU variations appear unnecessarily large.

Methods

Dosimetric and adaptive plan data from 604 adaptive sessions of 19 patients undergoing CBCT‐guided oART were collected. The analysis included total MU per fraction, planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR) volumes, changes in PTV‐OAR overlap, and DVH curves. Sessions with MU greater than two standard deviations from the mean were reoptimized offline, verified by an independent calculation system, and measured using a detector array.

Results

MU variations relative to the reference plan were normally distributed with a mean of −1.0% and a standard deviation of 11.0%. No significant correlation was found between MU variation and anatomic changes. Offline reoptimization did not reliably reproduce either reference or on‐couch total MUs, suggesting that stochastic effects within the oART optimizer are likely causing the variations. Independent dose calculation and detector array measurements resulted in acceptable agreement with the planned dose.

Conclusions

MU variations observed between oART plans were not caused by any errors within the oART workflow. Providers should refrain from using MU variability as a way to express their confidence in the treatment planning accuracy. Clinical decisions during on‐couch adaptive sessions should rely on validated secondary dose calculations to ensure optimal plan selection.
Age‐related advantage for recall of complex naturalistic information following cognitive offloading
Authors: Burnett Lois K. , Richmond Lauren L.
Published: June 2024

Previous work on cognitive offloading has found that young and older adults create and use external memory aids to boost performance on simple memory‐based tasks. To date, little work has investigated whether cognitive offloading can benefit performance when the memoranda are complex and naturalistic. In this study, 64 participants (32 young adults aged 18–26 years and 32 older adults aged 60+ years) studied facts about health conditions, then completed free recall and old‐new recognition tests under two conditions. In the cognitive offloading choice condition, participants could create notes during study to use on upcoming memory tests. In the internal memory condition, participants had to rely on internal memory alone. Both age groups benefited from using cognitive offloading. Notably, older adults outperformed young adults on the free recall test when given the opportunity to offload. These results suggest that cognitive offloading can help older adults overcome everyday memory challenges.
Mechanochemical Recycling of Highly Cross‐Linked Thermosets: Economic‐Friendly and Pollution‐Free
Authors: Shi Qian , Wang Tiejun
Published: June 2024

Highly cross‐linked thermosets possess superior mechanical properties and have found broad applications in engineering. However, due to the dense cross‐links, it is extremely challenging to recycle highly cross‐linked thermosets, causing serious environmental and sustainable concerns. Herein, a mechanochemical recycling strategy is proposed for highly cross‐linked thermosets via the synergy of mechanics and chemistry, which is economic‐friendly and pollution‐free. To demonstrate the strategy, diverse metal‐complex catalysts are employed to recycle highly cross‐linked epoxy incorporated with switchable covalent bonds at certain pressure, temperature, and time. The effect of each catalyst on the efficiency of recycling is evaluated, which follows a descending order: Zr4+ > Mn3+ > Co3+ > Fe3+ > Co2+ > Zn2+ > OTi4+ > Ni2+. The results show that the mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, ultimate strength, peak strain, impact strength, flexural modulus and strength, as well as thermal stability of the recycled samples are almost identical to those of as‐synthesized ones. The effectiveness of the method is further confirmed via micromorphology.
Fully Physically Crosslinked PNIPAM Ionogels with High Mechanical Properties and Temperature‐Managed Adhesion Achieved by H2O/Ionic Liquid Binary Solvents
Authors: Xu Sijia , Wu Shaoji , Zhu Ruitian , Qiu Zhiming , Yan Yurong
Published: June 2024

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gels change their volume and hydrophilicity in response to temperature stimulus in flexible actuators, flexible sensors, and energy storage management. However, traditional PNIPAM gels exhibit low mechanical properties and poor self‐recovery ability due to weak intermolecular (chain) interactions and necessary covalent crosslinking. Herein, a water/ionic liquid (H2O/IL) binary solvent system that provides additional hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions as well as can significantly increase the solubility (up to 60 wt.%) of NIPAM is developed. The fully physically crosslinked PNIPAM ionogel is prepared by utilizing the H2O/IL binary solvent and exhibited excellent mechanical performances, rapid self‐recovery properties, and strong adhesion strength. In addition, the lower critical solution temperature of the PNIPAM ionogel can also be tuned over a wide range (37‐70 °C) by adjusting the IL ratio in the binary solvent. Furthermore, based on the temperature sensitivity and ionic conductivity of the PNIPAM ionogel, applications of PNIPAM ionogels in smart devices, temperature‐managed adhesion, and flexible sensing are demonstrated, respectively. This work improves various performances of PNIPAM gels by using the H2O/IL binary solvent to adjust non‐covalent interactions and provided new ideas for developing high‐performance temperature‐sensitive gels.
Spectroscopic and Interferometric Sum‐Frequency Imaging of Strongly Coupled Phonon Polaritons in SiC Metasurfaces
Authors: Niemann Richarda , Mueller Niclas S. , Wasserroth Sören , Lu Guanyu , Wolf Martin , Caldwell Joshua D. , Paarmann Alexander
Published: June 2024

Phonon polaritons enable waveguiding and localization of infrared light with extreme confinement and low losses. The spatial propagation and spectral resonances of such polaritons are usually probed with complementary techniques such as near‐field optical microscopy and far‐field reflection spectroscopy. Here, infrared‐visible sum‐frequency spectro‐microscopy is introduced as a tool for spectroscopic imaging of phonon polaritons. The technique simultaneously provides sub‐wavelength spatial resolution and highly‐resolved spectral resonance information. This is implemented by resonantly exciting polaritons using a tunable infrared laser and wide‐field microscopic detection of the upconverted light. The technique is employed to image hybridization and strong coupling of localized and propagating surface phonon polaritons in a metasurface of SiC micropillars. Spectro‐microscopy allows to measure the polariton dispersion simultaneously in momentum space by angle‐dependent resonance imaging, and in real space by polariton interferometry. Notably, it is possible to directly image how strong coupling affects the spatial localization of polaritons, inaccessible with conventional spectroscopic techniques. The formation of edge states is observed at excitation frequencies where strong coupling prevents polariton propagation into the metasurface. The technique is applicable to the wide range of polaritonic materials with broken inversion symmetry and can be used as a fast and non‐perturbative tool to image polariton hybridization and propagation.
MOF‐Derived Nanoparticles with Enhanced Acoustical Performance for Efficient Mechano‐Sonodynamic Therapy
Authors: Pan Xueting , Huang Zezhong , Guo Juan , Wu Qingyuan , Wang Chaohui , Zhang Haoyuan , Zhang Jie , Liu Huiyu
Published: June 2024

Ultrasound (US) generates toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by acting on sonosensitizers for cancer treatment, and the mechanical damage induced by cavitation effects under US is equally significant. Therefore, designing a novel sonosensitizer that simultaneously possesses efficient ROS generation and enhanced mechanical effects is promising. In this study, carbon‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (C‐ZnO) are constructed for mechano‐sonodynamic cancer therapy. The presence of carbon (C) doping optimizes the electronic structure, thereby enhancing the ROS generation triggered by US, efficiently inducing tumor cell death. On the other hand, the high specific surface area and porous structure brought about by C doping enable C‐ZnO to enhance the mechanical stress induced by cavitation bubbles under US irradiation, causing severe mechanical damage to tumor cells. Under the dual effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and mechanical therapy mediated by C‐ZnO, excellent anti‐tumor efficacy is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, along with a high level of biological safety. This is the first instance of utilizing an inorganic nanomaterial to achieve simultaneous enhancement of ROS production and US‐induced mechanical effects for cancer therapy. This holds significant importance for the future development of novel sonosensitizers and advancing the applications of US in cancer treatment.
pH‐Responsive β‐Glucans‐Complexed mRNA in LNPs as an Oral Vaccine for Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Po‐Kai , Ho Hui‐Min , Chiang Min‐Chun , Chu Li‐An , Chuang Ya‐Han , Lyu Ping‐Chiang , Hu I‐Chen , Chang Wan‐An , Peng Sheng‐Yao , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Huang Ming‐Hsi , Sung Hsing‐Wen
Published: June 2024

mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy are commonly delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which, when administered intravenously, may accumulate in the liver, potentially limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this challenge, the study introduces an oral mRNA vaccine formulation tailored for efficient uptake by immune cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, known for its high concentration of immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs). This formulation comprises mRNA complexed with β‐glucans (βGlus), a potential adjuvant for vaccines, encapsulated within LNPs (βGlus/mRNA@LNPs). The βGlus/mRNA complexes within the small compartments of LNPs demonstrate a distinctive ability to partially dissociate and reassociate, responding to pH changes, effectively shielding mRNA from degradation in the harsh GI environment. Upon oral administration to tumor‐bearing mice, βGlus/mRNA@LNPs are effectively taken up by intestinal DCs and local nonimmune cells, bypassing potential liver accumulation. This initiates antigen‐specific immune responses through successful mRNA translation, followed by drainage into the mesenteric lymph nodes to stimulate T cells and trigger specific adaptive immune responses, ultimately enhancing antitumor effects. Importantly, the vaccine demonstrates safety, with no significant inflammatory reactions observed. In conclusion, the potential of oral βGlus/mRNA@LNPs delivery presents a promising avenue in cancer immunotherapy, offering needle‐free and user‐friendly administration for widespread adoption and self‐administration.
Advances in Piezoelectret Materials‐Based Bidirectional Haptic Communication Devices
Authors: Gong Yanting , Zhang Kaijun , Lei Iek Man , Wang Yan , Zhong Junwen
Published: June 2024

Bidirectional haptic communication devices accelerate the revolution of virtual/augmented reality and flexible/wearable electronics. As an emerging kind of flexible piezoelectric materials, piezoelectret materials can effortlessly convert mechanical force into electrical signals and respond to electrical fields in a deformation manner, exhibiting enormous potential in the construction of bidirectional haptic communication devices. Existing reviews on piezoelectret materials primarily focus on flexible energy harvesters and sensors, and the recent development of piezoelectret‐based bidirectional haptic communication devices has not been comprehensively reviewed. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the materials construction, along with the recent advances in bidirectional haptic communication devices, is provided. First, the development timeline, key characteristics, and various fabrication methods of piezoelectret materials are introduced. Subsequently, following the underlying mechanisms of bidirectional electromechanical signal conversion of piezoelectret, strategies to improve the d33 coefficients of materials are proposed. The principles of haptic perception and feedback are also highlighted, and representative works and progress in this area are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with improving the overall practicability of piezoelectret materials‐based bidirectional haptic communication devices are discussed.
Covalent Organic Framework Nanoarchitectonics: Recent Advances for Precious Metal Recovery
Authors: Guo Weikang , Liu Jiale , Tao Haijuan , Meng Juan , Yang Juan , Shuai Qin , Asakura Yusuke , Huang Lijin , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: June 2024

The recovery of precious metals (PMs) from secondary resources has garnered significant attention due to environmental and economic considerations. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising adsorbents for this purpose, owing to their tunable pore size, facile functionalization, exceptional chemical stability, and large specific surface area. This review provides an overview of the latest research progress in utilizing COFs to recover PMs. Firstly, the design and synthesis strategies of chemically stable COF‐based materials, including pristine COFs, functionalized COFs, and COF‐based composites, are delineated. Furthermore, the application of COFs in the recovery of gold, silver, and platinum group elements is delved into, emphasizing their high adsorption capacity and selectivity as well as recycling ability. Additionally, various interaction mechanisms between COFs and PM ions are analyzed. Finally, the current challenges faced by COFs in the field of PM recovery are discussed, and potential directions for future development are proposed, including enhancing the recyclability and reusability of COF materials and realizing the high recovery of PMs from actual acidic wastewater. With the targeted development of COF‐based materials, the recovery of PMs can be realized more economically and efficiently in the future.
Large‐Area Artificial van der Waals “Mille‐Feuille” Superlattices
Authors: Wei Hao , Dubois Simon , Brunnett Frederic , Peiro Julian , Godel Florian , Carrétéro Cécile , Panciera Federico , Collin Sophie , Bouamrane Fayçal , Zatko Victor , Galbiati Marta , Carré Etienne , Patriarche Gilles , Petroff Frédéric , Charlier Jean‐Christophe , Martin Marie‐Blandine , Dlubak Bruno , Seneor Pierre
Published: June 2024

Van der Waals heterostructures are set as strong contenders for post‐CMOS quantum materials engineering. A major step for their systematic exploration and exploitation of technological component demonstrators resides in their eased large‐scale design. In this direction, the growth of artificial van der Waals 2D superlattices is presented here such as (MoS2/WS2)n, (WS2/WSe2)n, and (MoS2/WSe2)n with unit cells repetitions reaching n > 10. The fabrication of these materials is enabled by a fully automated in‐situ pulsed laser deposition (PLD) tool. This approach provides cm2 scale homogeneous superlattices with on‐demand material parameters tailoring (layer number, order, and composition). The process is rapid and simple compared to manual pickup exfoliation methods or to sequential transfers of single layers grown by techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, allowing a large repetition of the unit cells in a “mille‐feuille” cake configuration. The computational exploration of this family of superlattice materials sheds light on the potential for optoelectronic property design by shaping the band‐structure landscape while taking into account the influential effects induced by proximity. Overall, this large‐area approach is proposed as an entry point for the systematic design of complex van der Waals heterostructures.
Lensless Imaging Based on Dual‐Input Physics‐Driven Neural Network
Authors: Zuo Jiale , Tang Ju , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Jiawei , Ren Zhenbo , Di Jianglei , Zhao Jianlin
Published: June 2024

Lensless imaging, as a novel computational imaging technique, has attracted great attention due to its simplicity, compactness, and flexibility. This technique analyzes and processes the diffraction of an object to obtain complex amplitude information. However, traditional algorithms such as Gerchberg‐Saxton (G–S) algorithm tend to exhibit significant errors in complex amplitude retrieval, particularly for edge information. Additional constraints have to be incorporated on top of amplitude constraints to enhance the accuracy. Recently, deep learning has shown promising results in optical imaging. However, it requires a large amount of training data. To address these issues, a novel approach called dual‐input physics‐driven network (DPNN) is proposed for lensless imaging. DPNN utilizes two diffractions recorded at different distances as inputs and uses an unsupervised approach that combines physical imaging model to reconstruct object information. DPNN adopts a U‐Net 3+ architecture with a loss function of mean absolute error (MAE) to better capture diffraction features. DPNN achieves highly accurate reconstruction without requiring extensive data and being immune to background noise. Based on different diffraction intervals, noise levels, and imaging models, DPNN exhibits superior capabilities in peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and structural similarity compared with conventional methods, effectively achieving accurate phase or amplitude information reconstruction.
A Femtosecond Electron‐Based Versatile Microscopy for Visualizing Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductors Across Spatiotemporal and Energetic Domains
Authors: Zhang Yaqing , Chen Xiang , Yu Yaocheng , Huang Yue , Qiu Moxi , Liu Fang , Feng Min , Gao Cuntao , Deng Shibing , Fu Xuewen
Published: June 2024

Carrier dynamics detection in different dimensions (space, time, and energy) with high resolutions plays a pivotal role in the development of modern semiconductor devices, especially in low‐dimensional, high‐speed, and ultrasensitive devices. Here, a femtosecond electron‐based versatile microscopy is reported that combines scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (SUEM) imaging and time‐resolved cathodoluminescence (TRCL) detection, which allows for visualizing and decoupling different dynamic processes of carriers involved in surface and bulk in semiconductors with unprecedented spatiotemporal and energetic resolutions. The achieved spatial resolution is better than 10 nm, and the temporal resolutions for SUEM imaging and TRCL detection are ≈500 fs and ≈4.5 ps, respectively, representing state‐of‐the‐art performance. To demonstrate its unique capability, the surface and bulk carrier dynamics involved in n‐type gallium arsenide (GaAs) are directly tracked and distinguished. It is revealed, in real time and space, that hot carrier cooling, defect trapping, and interband‐/defect‐assisted radiative recombination in the energy domain result in ordinal super‐diffusion, localization, and sub‐diffusion of carriers at the surface, elucidating the crucial role of surface states on carrier dynamics. The study not only gives a comprehensive physical picture of carrier dynamics in GaAs, but also provides a powerful platform for exploring complex carrier dynamics in semiconductors for promoting their device performance.
Optical Amplification at 1.5 µm in ErIII Coordination Polymer‐Doped Waveguides Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer
Authors: Shi Xiaowu , Man Yi , He Yan , Xu Hui , Zhang Baoping , Yu Daquan , Lin Zhuliang , Lv Ziyue , Zhao Zhiyuan , Zhang Linqi , Chen Yongjian , Zhang Dan
Published: June 2024

9,9‐bis (diphenylphosphorylphenyl) fluorene (FDPO) and dibenzotetrathienoacene (DBTTA), are synthesized as the neutral and anionic ligands, respectively, to prepare the ErIII coordination polymer [Er(DBTTA)3(FDPO)]n. Based on the intramolecular energy transfer, optical gains at 1.5 µm are demonstrated in [Er(DBTTA)3(FDPO)]n‐doped polymer waveguides under excitations of low‐power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of laser pumping. A ligand‐sensitization scheme between organic ligands and Er3+ ions under an excitation of an ultraviolet (UV) LED is established. Relative gains of 10.5 and 8.5 dB cm−1 are achieved at 1.53 and 1.55 µm, respectively, on a 1‐cm‐long SU‐8 channel waveguide with a cross‐section of 2 × 3 µm2 and a 1.5‐µm‐thick [Er(DBTTA)3(FDPO)]n‐doped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as upper cladding. The ErIII coordination polymer [Er(DBTTA)3(FDPO)]n can be conveniently integrated with various low‐loss inorganic waveguides to compensate for optical losses in the C‐band window. Moreover, by relying on the intramolecular energy transfer and UV LED top‐pumping technology, it is easy to achieve coupling packaging of erbium‐doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs) with pump sources in planar photonic integrated chips, effectively reducing the commercial costs.
Reactivity‐Tunable Fluorescent Platform for Selective and Biocompatible Modification of Cysteine or Lysine
Authors: Ren Xiaojie , Li Haokun , Peng Hui , Yang Yang , Su Hang , Huang Chen , Wang Xuan , Zhang Jie , Liu Zhiyang , Wei Wenyu , Cheng Ke , Zhu Tianyang , Lu Zhenpin , Li Zhengqiu , Zhao Qian , Tang Ben Zhong , Yao Shao Q. , Song Xiangzhi , Sun Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Chemoselective modification of specific residues within a given protein poses a significant challenge, as the microenvironment of amino acid residues in proteins is variable. Developing a universal molecular platform with tunable chemical warheads can provide powerful tools for precisely labeling specific amino acids in proteins. Cysteine and lysine are hot targets for chemoselective modification, but current cysteine/lysine‐selective warheads face challenges due to cross‐reactivity and unstable reaction products. In this study, a versatile fluorescent platform is developed for highly selective modification of cysteine/lysine under biocompatible conditions. Chloro‐ or phenoxy‐substituted NBSe derivatives effectively labeled cysteine residues in the cellular proteome with high specificity. This finding also led to the development of phenoxy‐NBSe phototheragnostic for the diagnosis and activatable photodynamic therapy of GSH‐overexpressed cancer cells. Conversely, alkoxy‐NBSe derivatives are engineered to selectively react with lysine residues in the cellular environment, exhibiting excellent anti‐interfering ability against thiols. Leveraging a proximity‐driven approach, alkoxy‐NBSe probes are successfully designed to demonstrate their utility in bioimaging of lysine deacetylase activity. This study also achieves integrating a small photosensitizer into lysine residues of proteins in a regioselective manner, achieving photoablation of cancer cells activated by overexpressed proteins.
Hierarchical NiCo2Se4 Arrays Composed of Atomically Thin Nanosheets: Simultaneous Improvements in Thermodynamics and Kinetics for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting in Neutral Media
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Xu Yongsheng , Li Xiaojie , Ma Qing , Xie Delong , Mei Yi , Wang Guojing , Zhu Yuanzhi
Published: June 2024

The inefficiency of electrocatalysts for water splitting in neutral media stems from a comprehensive impact of poor intrinsic activity, a limited number of active sites, and inadequate mass transport. Herein, hierarchical ultrathin NiCo2Se4 nanosheets are synthesized by the selenization of NiCo2O4 porous nanoneedles. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that the intrinsic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity primarily originate from the NiCo2Se4, whereas the high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is related to the NiCoOOH due to the structural reconstruction. The abundant Se and O vacancies introduced by atomically thin nanostructure modulate the electronic structure of NiCo2Se4 and NiCoOOH, thereby improving the intrinsic HER and OER activities, respectively. COMSOL simulation demonstrate the edges of extended nanosheets from the main body significantly promote the charge aggregation, boosting the reduction and oxidation current during HER/OER process. This charge aggregation effect notably exceeds the tip effect for the nanoneedle, highlighting the unique advantage of the hierarchical nanosheet structure. Benefiting from abundant vacancies and unique nanostructure, the hierarchical ultrathin nanosheet simultaneously improve the thermodynamics and kinetics of the electrocatalyst. The optimized samples display an overpotential of 92 mV for HER and 214 mV for OER at 100 mA cm−2, significantly surpassing the performance of currently reported HER/OER catalysts in neutral media.
Al‐Rich AlGaN Channel High Electron Mobility Transistors on Silicon: A Relevant Approach for High Temperature Stability of Electron Mobility
Authors: Bassaler Julien , Mehta Jash , Abid Idriss , Konczewicz Leszek , Juillaguet Sandrine , Contreras Sylvie , Rennesson Stéphanie , Tamariz Sebastian , Nemoz Maud , Semond Fabrice , Pernot Julien , Medjdoub Farid , Cordier Yvon , Ferrandis Philippe
Published: June 2024

Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors offer new possibilities to develop power electronics. High voltage operation for the off‐state as well as high temperature stability of the devices in on‐state are required. More than AlGaN/GaN heterostructures, AlGaN/AlGaN heterostructures are promising candidates to meet these criteria. Furthermore, the possibility to choose the Al molar fraction of AlGaN paves the way to more tunable heterostructures. In this study, the electronic transport properties of AlGaN channel heterostructures grown on silicon substrates with various aluminum contents, focusing on the temperature dependence of the electron mobility, is investigated. Experimental results from Hall effect measurements are confronted with carrier scattering models and deep level transient spectroscopy analysis to quantify limiting effects. These results demonstrated the significant potential of Al‐rich AlGaN channel heterostructures grown on silicon substrates for high power and high temperature applications.
Known pathogenic gene variants and new candidates detected in sudden unexpected infant death using whole genome sequencing
Authors: Bard Angela M. , Clark Lindsay V. , Cosgun Erdal , Aldinger Kimberly A. , Timms Andrew , Quina Lely A. , Ferres Juan M. Lavista , Jardine David , Haas Elisabeth A. , Becker Tatiana M. , Pagan Chelsea M. , Santani Avni , Martinez Diego , Barua Soumitra , McNutt Zakkary , Nesbitt Addie , Mitchell Edwin A. , Ramirez Jan‐Marino
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to gain insights into potential genetic factors contributing to the infant's vulnerability to Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID). Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was performed on 144 infants that succumbed to SUID, and 573 healthy adults. Variants were filtered by gnomAD allele frequencies and predictions of functional consequences. Variants of interest were identified in 88 genes, in 64.6% of our cohort. Seventy‐three of these have been previously associated with SIDS/SUID/SUDP. Forty‐three can be characterized as cardiac genes and are related to cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and other conditions. Variants in 22 genes were associated with neurologic functions. Variants were also found in 13 genes reported to be pathogenic for various systemic disorders and in two genes associated with immunological function. Variants in eight genes are implicated in the response to hypoxia and the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have not been previously described in SIDS/SUID/SUDP. Seventy‐two infants met the triple risk hypothesis criteria. Our study confirms and further expands the list of genetic variants associated with SUID. The abundance of genes associated with heart disease and the discovery of variants associated with the redox metabolism have important mechanistic implications for the pathophysiology of SUID.
Assessing the quality of artificial intelligence–generated patient counseling for rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hill Gregory S. , Fischer Jakob L. , Watson Nora L. , Riley Charles A. , Tolisano Anthony M.
Published: June 2024

Key points

GPT‐4 generated moderate quality information in response to questions regarding sinusitis and surgery.

GPT‐4 generated significantly higher quality responses to questions regarding treatment of sinusitis.

Future studies exploring quality of GPT responses should seek to limit bias and use validated instruments.