bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Uso de um Simulador para o Ensino de Ventilação Mecânica
Authors: Girardi Tatiana De Assis , Girardi Daniel , Marques Jefferson Luiz Brum
Published: October 2020

Os ventiladores mecânicos atuais são sistemas complexos controlados por microprocessadores. Essa sofisticação requer adequado manuseio, conhecimento sobre as indicações e os ajustes dos parâmetros. Porém, treinar futuros profissionais da saúde é uma tarefa difícil, porque envolve seres humanos, os procedimentos são complexos e a infraestrutura necessária é de alto custo. Portanto, diante das dificuldades encontradas para o ensino e o treinamento em ventilação mecânica invasiva, este trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) desenvolver um software (o Simulador Didático de Ventilação Mecânica, que é um simulador virtual baseado na web para auxiliar o processo de aprendizagem em ventilação mecânica invasiva; 2) avaliar se o Simulador Didático de Ventilação Mecânica pode auxiliar no ensino de ventilação mecânica invasiva e 3) avaliar se um sistema cross-plataform é atrativo para o uso em sala de aula. Para desenvolver o simulador, foram realizadas quatro etapas: 1) Revisão de literatura; 2) Extração e análise das sugestões dos trabalhos selecionados; 3) Desenvolvimento do simulador e 4) Estudo piloto com o Simulador Didático de Ventilação Mecânica. O estudo piloto com o simulador foi realizado com acadêmicos de fisioterapia e os resultados obtidos com o questionário, revelaram que mesmo sendo necessários ajustes no layout, na navegabilidade e no acréscimo de recursos, o simulador teve uma aceitação muito boa pelos acadêmicos, que relataram que o uso do simulador promoveu maior interesse e motivação para o aprendizado do assunto ventilação mecânica invasiva. Os acadêmicos poderão se beneficiar com mais uma opção de simulador virtual baseado na web que está disponibilizado gratuitamente e em sua versão completa. Dessa forma, possibilitará aos acadêmicos ficarem mais próximos daquilo que encontrarão em sua prática profissional, através de uma atividade interativa e contextualizada com a teoria, auxiliando o processo de aprendizagem em ventilação mecânica invasiva.
Estado da Prática do Design Visual de Aplicativos Móveis desenvolvidos com App Inventor
Authors: Solecki Igor da Silva , Justen Karla Aparecida , Porto João V. A. , Gresse von Wangenheim Christiane , Hauck Jean C. R. , Borgatto Adriano F.
Published: October 2020

O App Inventor é um ambiente de programação baseado em blocos que permite a qualquer usuário final criar aplicativos móveis. O App Inventor é frequentemente usado para ensinar computação na educação básica por meio do desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis. Embora a aprendizagem de computação com o App Inventor tenha sido investigada sob diferentes pontos de vista, uma questão que permanece é se o design visual da interface de usuário (IU) dos aplicativos desenvolvidos é adequado, sendo um dos principais fatores de sucesso de aplicativos móveis. Assim, este artigo analisa o design visual das interfaces de usuário de 88.861 aplicativos da galeria do App Inventor, quanto à conformidade com guias de estilo por meio da análise automatizada do código fonte, bem como sua estética com base em um survey com 95 participantes avaliando 110 IUs. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das IUs não está em conformidade com diretrizes de design e não possui estética visual. Assim, mostra-se importante abordar não apenas conceitos de programação, mas também o design de IU no ensino de computação por meio do desenvolvimento de aplicativos móveis. Os resultados dessa análise podem direcionar o desenvolvimento e a melhoria de unidades instrucionais e do ambiente do App Inventor, viabilizando assim o desenvolvimento de aplicativos com melhor design de IU e aumentando suas chances de ter sucesso.
Abordagem metodológica para o ensino de Arquitetura de Computadores em ambientes não formais
Authors: Beleti Junior Carlos Roberto , Andrade de Macedo Camila , Santos Alencar Vitor Hugo , Santiago Junior Robertino Mendes , Prusch Züge Alexandre
Published: October 2020

A população brasileira, nos últimos anos, tendo maior contato com máquinas computacionais, precisa compreender o funcionamento dessas máquinas, pois, isso se torna importante para facilitar tarefas do cotidiano como, por exemplo, a aquisição de um computador que atenda às necessidades do indivíduo. Entretanto, para tal, faz-se necessário aprender conceitos da Arquitetura de Computadores, relacionados às características e funcionalidades de hardware de uma máquina computacional, compreendendo as diferenças fundamentais entre componentes físicos e reconhecendo sua utilidade. Tradicionalmente, o ensino de Arquitetura de Computadores é realizado por meio de cursos de graduação ou em cursos técnicos, onde o público-alvo almeja qualificação profissional. Entretanto, raras são as iniciativas de ensino de Arquitetura de Computadores para públicos não iniciados em Computação e sem interesse técnico. O presente trabalho apresenta uma abordagem metodológica para o ensino de Arquitetura de Computadores em ambientes não formais para públicos não iniciados em Computação. Essa abordagem metodológica utiliza-se do Modelo de Rotação por Estações, da Gamificação e da Taxonomia dos Objetivos Educacionais. O público-alvo, deste trabalho, foi de crianças em idade escolar com faixa etária entre 11 a 14 anos. A análise das atividades realizadas demonstrou que a abordagem metodológica foi satisfatória. Os (as) participantes conseguiram atingir os níveis de conhecimento e compreensão do domínio cognitivo e os níveis de recepção, resposta e valorização do domínio afetivo, ambos da Taxonomia dos Objetivos Educacionais. A realização do pré-teste e do pós-teste validam a avaliação realizada pela taxonomia, destacando ganhos em acertos, após a aplicação da abordagem metodológica, de 33 pontos percentuais, em média.
Learner-User Satisfaction Survey in the AdaptWeb Platform using the Learner Choices from Learner-Driven Learning
Authors: Dias Alessandro Da Silveira , Wives Leandro Krug
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we review the definition of the learner choices from the Learner-driven Learning paradigm for e-learning systems. After this, we analyze how different categories of e-learning systems enable the user to make these choices, such as Serious Games. We present in detail how AdaptWeb platform makes available these choices to learner users. Additionally, we present a satisfaction survey performed after an online course on AdaptWeb platform. The survey questions were about making choices during learning and about the way AdaptWeb makes the choices available to learner-users. Summarizing the results, students enjoyed being able to make choices about their own learning and felt that this possibility was beneficial to their learning. Moreover, they liked the way AdaptWeb makes the choices available to students. Most of the students found the system easy to use, intuitive, and the student's choices were explicit and easy to take.
Repensando o Ensino com Novas Tecnologias, Design Thinking e Experiência do aluno: Um Estudo Qualitativo com base em Formação Docente
Authors: Bastos César Augusto Rangel , Siqueira Sean Wolfgand Matsui
Published: October 2020

Nas salas de aula é comum ouvir alunos reclamando de aulas monótonas e com metodologias ultrapassadas, enquanto professores reclamam da falta de motivação dos alunos. Este distanciamento entre a realidade dos alunos (imersos em uma cibercultura) com as práticas pedagógicas vem sendo pesquisado para que haja uma integração entre estes aspectos e se desenvolva uma educação de melhor qualidade. No trabalho apresentado neste artigo, investigamos três pilares para esta integração: tecnologia, Design Thinking e Experiência do Usuário. Consideramos um cenário de formação docente (curso) que explora estes três pilares. Seguimos uma abordagem qualitativa, com base em pesquisa-formação. A partir da análise do discurso dos cursistas em fóruns de discussão e relatórios textuais, apresentamos o resultado de sua construção de conhecimento em relação a estes três pilares e destacamos trechos de seus relatos que apresentam reflexões e possíveis mudanças nos conteúdos e práticas pedagógicas, bem como nos sujeitos em formação. Destacamos como principais impactos deste trabalho: o regaste da motivação de professores e alunos, a construção de conhecimento de forma crítica e criativa, e a aprendizagem mais significativa e centrada no estudante.
Constitution
Authors: Almeida Fábio Portela Lopes de
Published: October 2020

The emergence of modern societies organised according to legal constitutions is an evolutionary puzzle. Homo sapiens are the only animal species capable of living in large-scale, cooperative societies whose members are genetically unrelated individuals. But neither sociological nor biological models can adequately explain this unique feature of contemporary human societies. Recently, gene-culture co-evolutionary theory explained the emergence of human institutions, which takes into account the reciprocal influence between culture and innate psychology in the course of human evolution. Relying on this account of contemporary evolutionary theory, this book advances the claim that constitutions are a complex adaptation grounded in both our innate social psychology and specific social institutions. Constitutionalism evolved as a societal adaptation, necessary to provide a unified symbolic moral system expected by human psychology in pluralistic moral societies. More than that, constitutions also structured modern society to deal with the evolutionary pressures coming from the fast-paced changes occurring, among others, in legal and economic systems. This book develops a novel, interdisciplinary perspective about the evolution of law and the role played by constitutions in the emergence of complex contemporary societies.
Die Aneignung von Bildern
Authors: Bauer Eva-Maria
Published: October 2020

Unter dem Begriff der Aneignung werden verschiedene Formen der Übernahme urheberrechtlich geschützter Werke untersucht. Schon in den 1970ern nutzten Künstler der Appropriation Art Kopien für ihre Kunstwerke. Mit der Digitalisierung und der Partizipationskultur im Internet sind die Techniken der Appropriation Art demokratisiert und als Memes und GiFs Mittel der Massenkommunikation geworden. Diese Formen der Bildnutzungen – in der Appropriation Art und im Digitalen – werden urheberrechtlich bewertet. Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit darin, ob das geltende Urheberrecht der gesellschaftlichen Realität digitaler Kommunikation noch angemessen Rechnung tragen und wie rechtlicher Freiraum für Aneignungshandlungen geschaffen werden kann.
Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus-6 and Wilms Tumor: Is There a Link?
Authors: Kazemi Aghdam Maryam , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Khoddami Maliheh , Tehrani Mohamad Mahdi
Published: October 2020

Background: Identifying etiologic factors contributing to Wilms tumor (WT) is necessary for its prevention and treatment. Oncogenic viruses cause nearly 20% of all human cancers. Although trials on preventing virus-caused cancers are complex and difficult, but they are not impossible to conduct. Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpes virus-6 (HHV6) can cause different types of cancers. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate whether HCMV and HHV6-DNA are present in patients with WT. This is the first study of this kind in Iran. Methods: This study was performed on patients with kidney disorders who were referring to Mofid Pediatrics Hospital, Tehran (Iran), during 2010-16. In total, 98 kidney samples (49 patients with WT and 49 normal kidneys (autopsy) and kidneys with benign noninfectious lesions) were investigated to identify HCMV and HHV6-DNA. Qualitative Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) method and nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) technique were used to identify HCMV and HHV6, respectively. Results: No significant difference was found between WT patients and controls concerning the HCMV or HHV6. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there is no association between these viruses and WT.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection: A Study From Southeastern Iran
Authors: Hosseninasab Ali , Shafiei Bafti Mehdi , Ebrahimi Sarehossadat , Anjomshoaa Ahmad , Sadeghi Zerandi Fahimeh , Jafari Maedeh , Eslami Shahryar , Khalooei Ali
Published: October 2020

Background: Different aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children have not been well understood so far. Objectives: In this paper, we reported the clinical, Paraclinical, and epidemiological features of the hospitalized children infected with COVID-19 in the southeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All children who were under the age of 15 years old hospitalized with acute respiratory infection from February 20 to May 14, 2020, were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, past medical history data, and disease-related data such as symptoms, signs, radiologic, and laboratory data were collected. Results: Of 97 hospitalized children with an acute respiratory infection, 13 cases (13.4%) had been diagnosed to be infected by COVID-19. The mean (standard deviation) and median of age of the patients with COVID-19 were 68.0 (55.9) and 60 months, respectively. Fever (n = 11, 84.6%), cough (n = 8, 61.5%), respiratory distress (n = 5, 38.5%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 5, 38.5%) were known as the most common symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Frequency fever (84.6% vs 47. 6%, P = 0.016) and respiratory distress (38.8% vs 13.1%, P = 0.022) were significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID individuals. Frequency of admission in the intensive care unit (38.5% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.668) and death rate (15.4% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.291) were higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 subjects, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in term of these variables. Conclusions: A low proportion of children hospitalized with acute respiratory syndrome were infected by COVID-19. Most of the children with COVID-19 recovered with supportive care with no need for any specific treatment.
The migration of Serbian nobles during the reign of the last Nemanjićs
Authors: Zarković Božidar
Published: October 2020

The role of the noble families in Medieval Serbia, as in other states of that time, was of great importance-their social status affected the character and the success of the statehood. They represented social elite, which influenced the development of various processes, one of them being migration. The migration process could be voluntary or involuntary, but it shadowed inner colonisation as well as the conquest of new territories. It determined the establishment of the governing structures in the newly acquired territories, as well as their integration into the state. Bearing in mind that many wars were waged during the Middle Ages-hence the constant redrawing of the borders-it is not surprising that migration was an ongoing process of various intensity and direction. Both the dependent population and the nobles took part in the process. However, following the migration flow of the noble families through history is much easier. The great expansion of the Serbian territory started during the reign of King Milutin and ended with the death of the Tsar Dušan (1282-1355), whose reign was especially marked by great conquests and extensive migrations. Though conquests are mainly attributed to rulers, the noble families often initiated them. This is confirmed in the historical sources and the research literature, which cites the growing dissatisfaction of the nobles and their desire for further conquest as the main reasons for the change in the Serbian throne after the great victory at Velbazhd in 1330. Such views are further substantiated by the early years of the reign of Stefan Dušan when significant territories in Macedonia were annexed. According to several sources, the main driver of change was the number of noble families close and directly subordinate to the young king. It is well known that Dušan inherited the governance of Zeta and western Serbia from his father in 1322. He managed those territories during the whole reign of Stefan Uroš III (Stefan of Dečani). The previous contention that the nobles drove the change in the throne is also validated by the relocation of the noble families to the newly annexed regions. A certain number of high born families originated from the western Serbian areas which is proved by the primary historical sources, while other families are loosely associated to the area by stories and legends. Neither is simple to confirm. Some of those nobles from the western Serbia are: the Braković familiy, the Mrnjavčević family, the Great Duke Nikola Stanjević, Ostoja Rajaković Ugarčić, Radoslav Hlapen, Nikola Bagaš, Andrija Gropa, Lord Žarko, and most probably Caesar Preljub, among others. They all received inheritance and governance of various territories as a reward for their loyalty and accomplishments, which can be traced back through their titles. Namely, military titles indicate that the person gained their status owning to their warrior abilities.
Prevalence and Diffusion of Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections in Swamp Water Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Populations from Marshlands of Iraq
Authors: Al-Jubury Azmi , Jarullah Basim A. , Al-Jassim Khawla B.N. , Badran Methaq , Mahmmod Yasser S.
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives: New information on the epidemiology of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infection in water buffaloes is crucial for understanding their risk factors and transmission. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of GI parasites in buffaloes in the Marshland areas of southern Iraq, and (2) to evaluate the association of risk factors with the parasitic infections.
Materials and Methods: A total of 166 water buffaloes from the Marshland in the north of Basra (n=75), and Thi-Qar (n=91) provinces from November 2016 to April 2017 were enrolled. Fecal samples were collected and examined for the presence of helminth eggs and protozoal oocysts using sedimentation-flotation and centrifugal flotation techniques.
Results: The overall prevalence of infection in buffaloes was 82% (136/166), with the highest number of single parasite infection (64%), followed by those with double (29%) and triple (7%) parasite infections. The most frequently identified parasites were Fasciola spp. (23%, 39/166), Eimeria spp. (19%, 32/166), Toxocara vitulorum (13%, 21/166), Trichostrongylus spp. (12%, 20/166), and Oesophagostomum spp. (10%, 10/166). Moniezia spp. was the only identified cestode with a prevalence of (8%, 13/166). A significant association was reported between feeding type and parasitic infections with Eimeria spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Moniezia spp., Trichuris spp., and Ostertagia ostertagia.
Conclusion: The prevalence of GI parasitic infection in buffaloes raised in the Marshlands is high, indicating a high intensity of natural infection. The findings of this study imply an urgent need for the implementation of efficient control measures against parasitic infections in the Marshlands.
Light and Electron-Microscopic Studies on the Tubal Tonsil of the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Girgiri Ibrahim Alhaji , Kumar Pawan
Published: October 2020

The tubal tonsils of 12 adult buffaloes of the local mixed breed were studied using light and electron microscopy. The tonsillar mucosa lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with goblet cells was modified into lymphoepithelial, due to its association with underlying lymphoid tissue. The lymphoepithelial further modified into follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) characterised by absence of the ciliated cells, goblet cells and the presence of more lymphocytes. The FAE exhibited varying modifications and presented M-cells intimately associated with lymphocytes. At places, the change of the epithelium also showed the presence of specialised M-cell like cells without any association with lymphoid tissue. The lymphoid tissue was in the form of isolated lymphocytes, diffuse aggregations and follicles. The goblet cells of the respiratory epithelium and the glandular acinar cells showed positive activity for the different carbohydrate moieties like acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, mucins, weakly sulfated acidic mucosubstances, hyaluronic acid and sialomucins. Scanning electron microscopy of the mucosal surface presented a dense mat of cilia, and the FAE exhibited a heterogeneous population of microvillus and M-cells. Transmission electron-microscopy demonstrated the different cell organelles of the various epithelia as well as the cellular profiles of the propria-submucosa, including the high endothelial venules where lymphocytes migration by both inter-endothelial and transvascular routes was also observed. The structural features of the tubal tonsil suggest that new strategies are required to explore this tonsil for targeted delivery of drugs and develop more effective vaccines by the intranasal route.
Similarities and Differences between River Buffaloes and Cattle: Health, Physiological, Behavioral and Productivity Aspects
Authors: Bertoni Aldo , Napolitano Fabio , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Sabia Emilio , Álvarez-Macías Adolfo , Mora-Medina Patricia , Morales-Canela Armando , Berdugo-Gutiérrez Jesús , Guerrero- Legarreta Isabel
Published: October 2020

The river buffalo is an emerging production species worldwide; indeed, it is overtaking other cattle as a producer of meat and milk in some countries. Though both species belong to the Bovidae family, they show significant anatomical, physiological, and behavioral differences due to their different phylogenetic positions. The river buffalo is a rustic animal that can benefit from low-quality, fibrous forages due to its digestive system, in contrast to beef cattle or dairy cows. Besides, the buffalo cow’s reproductive apparatus has fewer cervical muscle rings and a shorter vagina and cervix. This species has maintained its seasonal breeding pattern, also in contrast to Bos indicus and Bos taurus. Even though buffaloes have an inefficient thermoregulating system, scarce hair, and a thicker epidermis, they are more resistant to tropical weather conditions if water for wallowing is available than dairy cows, which in turn adapt better to temperate zones. Due to the morphology of the river buffalo’s mammary glands, they produce less milk, while their conical teats with narrower sphincters decrease predisposition to mastitis compared to dairy cows. Thus, the study of the anatomical and physiological differences among river buffalo, Bos Taurus, and Bos Indicus will allow the implementation of strategies to improve the former’s productivity while also increasing welfare levels according to the production system in which they are raised.
Reproductive Performance of Water Buffalo Cows: A Review of Affecting Factors
Authors: Nava-Trujillo Hector , Valeris-Chacin Robert , Morgado-Osorio Adriana , Zambrano-Salas Simón , Tovar-Breto Luis , Quintero-Moreno Armando
Published: October 2020

This article aims to review both the economic impact of reproductive failures on the profitability of water buffalo systems and the effect of different factors on the reproductive performance of water buffaloes. Besides, an overview of various non-hormonal alternatives to improve reproductive performance is made. The optimal reproductive efficiency in water buffaloes implies calving to conception interval around 90 days to reach a calving interval of 400 days, with longer calving intervals having a negative impact on profitability. Reproductive efficiency is the consequence of the interaction of genetic and non-genetic factors, and the recognition of these factors by analyzing the reproductive information must be a priority. Although each factor's impact can be of greater or lesser magnitude depending on the conditions of each herd, some factors like nutrition, milk yield, body condition score, negative energy balance, parity, bull presence, low estrus intensity, and season can be considered high-impact factors. Not all factors are common among farms; therefore each farm must implement a program for the identification, control, and prevention of reproductive problems, especially during early lactation, to prevent a long anestrus; and when artificial insemination is used, so that it is done at the correct time with respect to the beginning of estrus to enhance fertility.
River Buffalo Meat Production and Quality: Sustainability, Productivity, Nutritional and Sensory Properties
Authors: Guerrero-Legarreta Isabel , Napolitano Fabio , Cruz-Monterrosa Rosy , Mota-Rojas Daniel , Mora-Medina Patricia , Ramírez-Bribiesca Efren , Bertoni Aldo , Berdugo-Gutiérrez Jesus , Braghieri Ada
Published: October 2020

One of the most important challenges facing today’s society is feeding a growing world population. This review aims to examine the available information to assess the potential of river buffalo as a meat producer with a focus on the sustainability of the supply chain and on meat quality in terms of nutritional and sensory properties. Traditionally, buffalo meat came from old, culled animals in rural agricultural regions where animals were slaughtered at the end of their productive life as dairy or draught animals. Therefore, the meat had low quality. However, when younger animals are used, buffalo meat is generally well appreciated by consumers. Buffaloes can adapt to different production systems and convert poor-quality high fiber feedstuffs into high-quality products, including meat, with a lower degree of competition with human nutrition. In addition, although requiring more land, extensive production systems may have lower environmental impacts due to the low inputs used in the productive process and show higher levels of animal welfare. Although weight gains and dressing percentages are generally lower than in cattle, the meat is characterized by better nutritional properties (low fat and cholesterol contents, high-quality protein, and unsaturated fatty acids). In addition, the use of appropriate production systems might improve its sensory properties. Therefore, buffalo meat may be considered a good option to meet the increasing demand for food for human consumption.
Des ombres ambivalentes pour une histoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en mode mineur1
Authors: Giraud-Claude-Lafontaine Marie
Published: October 2020

Le propos de cet article est de mettre en perspective deux romans belges, Le Conservateur des ombres de Thierry Haumont (1984) et Le Boulevard périphérique d’Henry Bauchau (2008), afin de voir comment la remise en question de l’opposition ombre/lumière commune aux deux textes produit un brouillage idéologique qui reflète les compromissions passées avec le régime nazi. Dans le premier roman, ce brouillage est amplifié par l’absence d’une autorité narrative claire, alors que dans le deuxième roman, il est dilué sous l’action d’une instance narrative forte qui déplace la lecture du plan historique au plan métaphysique. Dans les deux cas, les traumatismes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, qui étaient dans la période littéraire précédente soit absents soit refoulés, ressurgissent via leur intériorisation dans des destins ordinaires et singuliers.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease Heralding Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Aun Jonathan A. , Hubbard Matthew J.
Published: October 2020

In this case report, the authors discuss a patient with a rare entity, Kikuchi Fujimoto Disease, which exhibited unique osteopathic structural examination findings, including enlarged cervical lymph nodes in conjunction with a Chapman reflex (CR). This report highlights the critical importance of histological examination of the lymph nodes. Additionally, it reminds physicians to consider the ways in which CR can potentially contribute to the diagnostic process.
OAPEN Open Access Books Toolkit
Authors: Emery Christina Rachel
Published: October 2020

The OAPEN Open Access Books Toolkit is a brand new free resource for researchers, created through a collaborative writing process by global and diverse members of the academic community and scholarly communications organisations. 
The toolkit aims to help authors better understand open access (OA) for books, to increase trust in OA book publishing, to provide reliable and easy-to-find answers to questions from authors, and to provide guidance in the process of publishing an OA book. The toolkit was developed in a series of workshops for authors, hosted by the university libraries at Oxford, Glasgow and Utrecht, in collaboration with Springer Nature and OAPEN.
The idea for this toolkit came about in a Researcher to Reader workshop where discussions concluded that a trusted single resource was needed to tackle the lack of awareness and understanding amongst authors about OA book publishing, and common misconceptions about licensing and quality which form important barriers in the transition to OA books.
This poster describes the content and layout of the toolkit, and the journey in developing it. We want the academic community to get involved by spreading the word about this toolkit and providing feedback for further development. 
The OAPEN Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation that works with publishers to build a quality-controlled collection of open access books through the OAPEN Library and the Directory of Open Access Books, and provides services for publishers, libraries and research funders in the areas of deposit, quality assurance, dissemination, and digital preservation.
Geospatial Metadata for Discovery in Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Niers Tom , Nüst Daniel
Published: October 2020

Many scientific articles are related to specific regions of the Earth. The connection is often implicit, although geospatial metadata has been shown to have positive effects, such as detecting biases in research coverage or enhancing discovery of research. Scholarly communication platforms lack an explicit modelling of geospatial metadata. In this work, we report a novel approach to integrate well-defined geospatial metadata into Open Journal Systems (OJS). Authors create complex geometries to represent the related location(s) or region(s) for their submission and define the relevant time period. They are assisted by an interactive map and a gazetteer to capture high quality coordinates as well as a matching textual description with high usability. The geospatial metadata is published within the article pages using semantic tags, integrated in standardised publication metadata, and shown on maps. Thereby, the geoOJS plugin facilitates indexing by search engines, can improve accessibility, and provides a foundation for more powerful map-based discovery of research articles across journals.

See the Extended Abstract PDF for more details.
Towards societal impact through open research
Authors: Oefelein Timon
Published: October 2020

The United Nation’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are now more relevant than ever because they express the relevancy of research to addressing urgent global needs. Thus we ask: How much scholarly content relates to these SDGs and what are the trends? How much of it successfully reaches its target audience, including policy makers and practitioners, and does Open Access (OA) publication make a difference? Finally, what best practices can be recommended to researchers to optimize the societal impact of their research?
In order to find answers to these important and pressing questions, Springer Nature has partnered with The Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU) to form a unique interdisciplinary impact working group that draws on Open Science practices. This presentation introduces the project group, describing its aims, and key interim results. This includes a summary of how the team built one of the world’s first SDG content classifiers using both machine learning and extensive human input from a team of subject experts. The SDG classifier is freely available online. Further, we’ll share key results from two large global researcher surveys. The first set of results outlines researchers’ motivations towards SDG research and its impact as evidenced by responses from some 9000 participants across the world. The second set of survey data, featuring 5900 responses, provides insight into usage trends of both OA and non-OA content. Together, our results provide unique and evidence-based insight into the volume and nature of SDG content, the role of open access in maximising reach and dissemination, and finally, how libraries can help researchers optimize societal impact.
The presentation will be of interest to a wide audience, including members of the research assessment community and research offices; funders of SDG content; and academic support libraries supporting researchers with publication and impact.
Opening the record of science: making scholarly publishing work for science in the digital era
Authors: Boulton Geoffrey
Published: October 2020

There is increasing concern about the extent to which the modern system of scientific and scholarly publishing serves the best interests of science. The International Science Council, as the global voice for science, and with its membership of 40 international scientific unions and associations and 144 national members, including national academies and research councils, is pursuing a major new initiative on this topic. This sets out a series of durable principles for scientific and scholarly publishing and analyses the extent to which current publishing regimes are consistent with these principles. It identifies serious deficits in the inhibition of access to the record of science, in global inclusion and innovation, in metrics that stimulate perverse behaviour and in the emerging shift of control of the research cycle into commercial hands. A series of virtual meetings involving the international science community, as represented by the Council’s members, will discuss these issues in September 2020, with the intention of creating an international coalition for action and change that will includes key stakeholders, including the library, funding and university communities. It is vital that the novel capabilities offered by the digital revolution are harnessed to disseminate science more efficiently and effectively to the global public good.
Open Infrastructure Matters: Supporting Scholar-Led and Community-Driven Services to Advance Open Access
Authors: Ferwerda Eelco , Peroni Silvio , Stranack Kevin
Published: October 2020

Twenty years ago, open access emerged out of a crisis within scholarly communications. Back then, it was about solving the issue of cost as a barrier to accessing scholarly content, due to the increasing concentration of commercial publishing. Today, another crisis is relying on open access to remove barriers to creating and consuming scholarship. This time, however, our sights are set on increasing public access as a means to solve a global pandemic.
While open scholarship requires information to be freely available, it costs money to create and sustain high quality books and articles, discovery services that provide access to them, and software that enables their creation. We have seen this in discussions and developments surrounding open access business models, including article processing changes (APCs), open access funds, and “subscribe-to-open.” Where such infrastructures do not generate commercial profits, they require financial support from the communities they serve, including authors, publishers, libraries, funders, scholarly institutions and other stakeholders, to make open access a reality. As we set up national networks, mandates, and other initiatives to support and promote open access, we must not forget another critical element: open infrastructure. In the open access context,  “infrastructure” -- the "structures and facilities" -- refers to the scholarly communication resources and services, including software, that we depend upon to enable the scientific and scholarly community to collect, store, organise, access, share, and assess research. Open infrastructure provides the foundation for keeping costs down and quality high, ensuring community-driven development. But who funds open infrastructure? And how do we create a sustainable future for the services that many of us have come to rely on?
This 20 minute session will examine three open infrastructure case studies: OpenCitations, OAPEN/DOAB, and the Public Knowledge Project. These three initiatives are currently being promoted by the Global Sustainability Coalition for Open Science Services (SCOSS), a network of influential organisations committed to helping secure open access infrastructure well into the future. Our panel of services will explore how the current round of SCOSS-supported projects are ensuring a sustainable future for open access scholarly publishing, and will discuss the essential role that governments, libraries, publishers and others are playing - and need to play - in making this a reality. Following the growth of open access publishing, scholar-led and community-driven open infrastructure and innovations have supported and facilitated the vital (and now urgent) need for open knowledge. What does the next twenty years look like for these services? And how can we work together to ensure open access isn’t just a response to crises, but rather the “new normal”?
The C in ORCID: from authorship to contributorship
Authors: Mejias Gabriela , Marín-Arraiza Paloma
Published: October 2020

ORCID is part of the wider digital infrastructure needed for all those who participate in research, scholarship and innovation to share information on a global scale. As part of our commitment with openness, we enable transparent and trustworthy connections between researchers, their contributions, and activities by providing an identifier for individuals to use with their name as they engage in research.

Since its foundation in 2013, ORCID has aimed to enable and improve recognition for a broader range of contributions than textual publications. Its current worktype list includes  43 different types of contributions. In combination with acknowledging further contributions, ORCID also considers research resources (infrastructure, collection, equipment and service) to provide a better understanding of the impact of the work undertaken by researchers using them.

This webinar will explore how ORCID supports the creation of a permanent, and unambiguous record of research and scholarly communication by enabling reliable attribution of contributors and their activities. The session will focus on the development and current implementation of ORCID tools to acknowledge and encourage contributions such as preprints and peer review activities, as well as the work being done to support contributor roles (CRediT taxonomy). 

 

The session will also showcase an analysis of the current community adoption of these features and aims to trigger a discussion on the future of the scholarly record.
Aspects of Nucleic Acid Structure and Function
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sosale
Published: October 2020

Despite decades of intense study, certain physico-chemical aspects of the nucleic acids–the genetic repository of life–remain enigmatic. Thus, solutions of DNA are apparently constituted of varying amounts of double and single-stranded forms, with melting studies being inconclusive about the effect of temperature on the composition. Consequently, this casts doubt on current estimates of the thermodynamic stability of the base pairs. However, the overwhelming stability of the Watson-Crick model is adumbrated by a kinetic analysis of the action of DNA polymerase, microscopic reversibility indicating that polymerase action is kinetically controlled, whereas proof reading-excision is thermodynamically controlled.

The structural basis for the differing roles played by DNA and RNA in the sustenance and propagation of life also remains to be clarified. It appears that formation of the RNA double helix is sterically inhibited by the 2’ ribose hydroxyl group, which is also relatively inaccessible to external base, thus enhancing hydrolytic stability. The in vivo conformation of RNA is likely determined by the requirements of its appointed biological role, the large size of tRNAs being particularly significant in possibly leading to enhanced specificity in its interaction with the corresponding tRNA synthetase. The proclivity of RNA generally to remain single stranded may indeed be the reason for the existence of viruses as stable RNA-protein complexes.

The preeminent role of nucleic acids as “genetic guardians” is, however, blurred by the fact that the translation of the genetic code is contingent on the action of the various tRNA synthetases. This implies that the genetic code is manifested via codon-anticodon specificity only by the involvement of protein molecules that are unique to each codon-anticodon pair. This has intriguing implications for the origin and evolution of the genetic code, possibly indicating that the tRNA synthetases are a relic of prebiotic protein-nucleic acid hybrids (thus also raising doubts about the RNA world hypothesis).
Character Association of Different Varieties of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under Ranchi Condition
Authors: Sadanand . , Misra Sanyat
Published: October 2020

The present experimental work entitled “Character Association of Different Varieties of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under Ranchi condition.” has been worked out in the research field of Department of Horticulture, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi (Jharkhand) during Kharif season,2017. In this experiment 10 genotypes of turmeric have been evaluated with check Rajendra Sonia for different traits. Different observations were recorded at different interval on emergence, number of tillers and leaves per plant, plant girth and height, leaf length and breadth, length, girth and weight of mother, primary and secondary rhizomes, number of primary and secondary rhizomes per plant, yield per plot and yield ha, dry matter recovery. Significant differences have been observed among the different genotypes for all the traits by observing the Analysis of variance. Three genotypes among the 10 genotypes namely Pratibha (23.88 t/ha), BSR-I(21.03 t/ha) and Punjab Haldi (17.96 t/ha) have excelled over the check; Rajendra Sonia (12.81 t/ha) for most of the characters including rhizome yield per hectare. Performance for other horticultural traits viz. number of tillers per plant, number of primary and secondary rhizomes per plant, length and girth of mother rhizome and weight of mother were superior among these three genotypes. The correlation coefficients among the different characters at phenotypic and genotypic levels revealed that yield per plot was having significantly positive association with number of tillers per plant, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, number of leaves per plant, length of mother rhizome, girth and weight of mother rhizome. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain were estimated for weight of mother and secondary rhizomes and yield per plot. This indicates that these characters are under additive gene effects and are more reliable for effective clonal selection for yield improvement.
Generalized Epilepsy with Right Hemiparesis Secondary to Herpes Encephalitis
Authors: Lwin Htay , Naing Zay Yar , Soe Htoo Htoo Kyaw , Abas Adinegara Lutfi , Moe Soe , Htay Mila Nu Nu
Published: October 2020

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a medical emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity. Definitive diagnosis is established by history, clinical examination, neuroimaging studies, supportive electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.

A 7-year-old Malay girl with known case of right hemiplegia secondary to herpes encephalitis presented to the neuropediatric ward, in General Hospital with refractory seizure. She had a moderate learning disability and diagnosed as right hemiparesis secondary to herpes encephalitis complicated with epilepsy. She was planned for the positron emission tomography (PET) scan and to undergo operation if PET scan was feasible (Hemispherectomy). However, the patient refused for operation.

Prompt clinical recognition is important in the HSE to prevent progressive brain tissue damage, haemorrhagic changes, and worsening of the encephalitis. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through an extensive evaluation, including a thorough clinical examination with attention to findings on mental status changes, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalogram (EEG) testing and findings on neuroimaging.

Once HSE is suspected, high-dose acyclovir should be started immediately before lumbar puncture (LP), and only stopped once a definitive alternate diagnosis has been established.

This case is reported because the patient has generalized epilepsy with right hemiparesis secondary to herpes encephalitis. Herpes encephalitis with right hemiparesis cases are quite rare.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potentials of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaf Extracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Joshua Marcella Tari , Wachuku Edna O. , Boisa N. , Nduka Nsirim
Published: October 2020

Aim: The aim of this study therefore was to evaluate the antidiabetic potentials of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaf extrcts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Study Design:  The study is an experimental case-controlled study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Biochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between June 2018-April 2019.

Methodology: A total of 65 male albino rats that weighed between 150g to 200g were used for this research study. Three different extracted solvents; aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts were administered to different groups of the rats. The male albino rats for this study were induced with a single dose of 40mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally of streptozotocin in 0.1M of citrate buffer, pH 4.5. The diabetic male rats were those whose fasting blood glucose (FBG) was from 250 mg/dl or 13 mmol/L and above.

Results: The results showed that there were significant decreases (p<0.05) in, FBG, increased insulin and increased C-peptide and increased HOMA-IR concentration of induced diabetic male rats treated orally with 400 mg/kg of MMLS., when compared with the values of the diabetic male rats in treated orally with 200 mg/kg of MMLS., and non-significant decrease(p<0.05) in FBG, HOMA-IR increased insulin, increased C-peptide concentrations in the diabetic male rats treated orally for 30 days with 400 mg/kg in dose of methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS., in the group treated with 400 mg/kg methanol, when compared to the concentration of diabetic male in treated orally for 30 days with 200 mg/kg of methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS. Compared likewise with that treated with 100mg/kg of metformin standard drug. There were also significant decrease (p<0.05) in FBG, HOMA-IR, C-peptide and increased insulin concentrations in diabetic male rats treated with 200 mg/kg in dose of ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS., when compared with the values in the diabetic male rats treated orally with 400 mg/kg in dose of ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts of MMLS., compared with values of diabetic male rats treated orally with 100mg/kg in dose of metformin standard drugs compared with the controls.

Conclusion: From the findings of this study, we conclude that streptozotocin increased FBG levels, while the Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. S improved FBG, C-peptide, insulin and HOMA levels in a dose-dependent manner, with the methanolic extract having the best ameliorative effect, probably due to its more phytochemical composition.