bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurons Communication in the Hippocampus of Field CA3 of the White Rat Brain after Acute ischemia
Authors: Stepanov A. S. , Akulinin V. A. , Stepanov S. S. , Avdeev D. B. , Gorbunova A. V.
Published: October 2018

The aim of this studywas to compare the pyramidal neurons, their processes and synapses in the stratum lucidum, stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum of the molecular layer of the field CA3 of the hippocampus of the brain of white rats in the normal state and after acute ischemia caused by a 20-minute occlusion of the common carotid arteries.

Materials and methods.In the experiment, using histological methods (hematoxylin and eosin, staining by Nissle and immunohistochemistry for p38, MAP-2) and electron microscopy, the pyramidal neurons of field CA3, their processes and synapses in stratum lucidum, stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum of the molecular layer were studied. The main group included animals in the reperfusion period (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days;n=30), comparison group — falsely operated animals (n=20). Morphometric analysis was performed using ImageJ 1.46, the verification of statistical hypotheses — Statistica 8.0.

Results.After occlusion of the common carotid arteries (CCAO) in the field CA3 of hippocampus, reactive, compensatory and reparative reorganization of pyramidal neurons and their communication structures was noted. On day 1, there was a decrease, and then (days 3—14) restoration of the total number of synapses and of P38-positive material within the area of synapses. According to electron microscopy, in the early post-ischemic period, the total numerical density of synaptic contacts in the stratum lacunosum of the molecular layer decreased by 44.8%, and after 14 days recovered to control. In stratum lucidum, the area of P38-positive material decreased by 8.8% after 1 day, and recovered after 3—7 days.

Conclusion.After the CCAO, the communication systems of the pyramid neurons of the field CA3 hippocampus of white rats were reorganized. Neurons of the field CA3 had high tolerance to ischemia and ability to restore interneural relations after reperfusion. In the surviving neurons, high levels of the cytoskeleton (MAP-2) marker and synaptic vesicles (p38) were detected. Data demonstrate structural and functional safety of all components of the communication system of a significant part of pyramidal neurons in acute ischemia. After reperfusion, the most significant alterations included the reconstructed interneuron synapses in the stratum radiatum and the lacunosum molecular layer.
Infusion Therapy Optimization in Selective Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Smeshnoi I. A. , Pasechnik I. N. , Skobelev E. I. , Timashkov D. A. , Onegin М. A. , Nikiforov Yu. V. , Kontarev S. I.
Published: October 2018

Purpose. Evaluation of the influence of intra-operative targeted infusion therapy managed by the monitoring of stroke volume variability on post-operative results of major surgeries of gastrointestinal organs.

Materials and Methods. The prospective study included 80 patients subjected to selective operative interventions of abdominal organs involving entero-enteroanastomosis. In the experimental group (n=39), the infusion therapy was conducted according to the developed targeted therapy protocol, of which the key parameter was stroke volume variability. In the control group (n=41), infusion therapy was conducted based on routine hemodynamic monitoring (average arterial pressure, heart rate, blood loss level with regard to intra-operative situation). In both groups, operative intervention was carried out in identical conditions (combined anesthesia, identical drugs to induce and maintain anesthesia); the only differences included infusion therapy.

Results. In the experimental group versus the control group the intra-operative infusion volume was smaller, the number of patients with complications and the total number of complications were reliably lower, and the gastrointestinal tract functional recovery occurred earlier.

Conclusion. A targeted infusion therapy based on a stroke volume variability monitoring as the key parameter allows optimizing the infusion load and facilitates reduction of the number of patients with complications and earlier recovery of gastrointestinal tract functions after major operative abdominal interventions.
Hemostasis Disturbances in Patients in the Acute Period of Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury (Review)
Authors: Baranich A. I. , Sychev A. A. , Savin I. А. , Polupan A. A. , Oshorov A. V. , Potapov A. A.
Published: October 2018

Acute isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with occurrence of hemostasis disorders, which may be accompanied with hemorrhagic and ischemic events in the brain matter, hence, normal functioning of the blood coagulation system is critical. Understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of this phenomenon might help adequate prophylaxis of secondary brain damage. Earlier, development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) has been generally considered as a mechanism of coagulation disorders during TBI. However, over the recent decades, new data emerged concerning the key role of tissue factor, systemic inflammation response, thrombocytopathy, protein C effect in the occurrence of this coagulopathy. This overview of literature is aimed at providing the new data on specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying coagulopathy following TBI.
Orígenes y enfoques de la Economía Ecológica
Authors: Naredo José Manuel
Published: October 2018

En esta conferencia se revisa el origen y el contexto histórico en el que se desarrolla la ideología económica dominante, desde la escuela de los fisiócratas franceses y la Economía Clásica hasta las nociones actuales de la Economía Neoclásica como paradigma dominante. Repasando algunas de sus metáforas encubridoras –tales como la metáfora de la producción y el crecimiento económico, entre otras- y la relación entre el poder político y económico, se explica la base de la actual crisis socio ecológica. Para concluir, se desarrollan algunas de las ideas necesarias para la reconversión del modelo económico de la sociedad actual, apoyadas en las premisas y perspectivas que emergen de la Economía Ecológica.
¿Por qué volver a las raíces de la Economía Ecológica?
Authors: Castiblanco Carmenza
Published: October 2018

El Instituto de Estudios Ambientales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, en asocio con el Instituto Cinara de la Universidad del Valle, hemos tenido a cargo la organización de los tres primeros encuentros internacionales de Economía Ecológica realizados en Colombia. Estos encuentros han estado dirigidos a tratar diversas temáticas de este novedoso campo de estudio. El primer encuentro internacional, realizado en el año 2007, estuvo dedicado a analizar las perspectivas y avances en la enseñanza y aplicación de la Economía Ecológica en Colombia. El segundo encuentro en 2010 estuvo dirigido a revisar la evolución de los enfoques teóricos de la Economía Ecológica y sus avances metodológicos. En el año 2013 se llevó a cabo el tercer encuentro y en esa oportunidad se centró en el análisis de los conflictos ecológicos distributivos y los procesos de resistencia de la sociedad civil en diferentes países latinoamericanos.
De la Economía Convencional a la Economía Ecológica: el significado de Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen y la Encíclica Laudato Si’ del Papa Francisco
Authors: Cavalcanti Clóvis
Published: October 2018

En esta presentación se comparte el recorrido personal y como investigador del Profesor Clóvis Cavalcanti, quien cuenta su historia a la par que repasa los primeros pasos de la Economía Ecológica como disciplina y de las distintas redes y espacios que fueron consolidando este campo académico. A partir de su relación personal con Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen y la cercanía con su obra, el profesor Cavalcanti expresa cómo fue su tránsito desde la ortodoxia de la Economía de finales de los años 1960, para acercarse definitivamente a la perspectiva de la Economía Ecológica. Finalmente, cerrando la descripción del inicio de un cambio de paradigma, se propone una lectura de la encíclica del Papa Francisco en una clave ecológica y transformadora.
La Justicia Ambiental como línea estratégica de la Economía Ecológica: ¿cómo evidenciar las injusticias ambientales?
Authors: Pérez-Rincón Mario
Published: October 2018

La Justicia Ambiental y las formas de medirla son el tema principal de este artículo. Se exponen las características de la Economía Ecológica y su preocupación inicial por la sostenibilidad, para llevar la discusión hacia las reflexiones por el acceso, distribución y uso de bienes, recursos, beneficios e impactos ambientales entre los diferentes actores de la sociedad. Desde ese escenario se caracteriza la Justicia Ambiental y su relación con la Economía Ecológica, teniendo en cuenta el carácter plural y abierto de este campo de estudio. La propuesta es, entonces, entender la Justicia Ambiental como una línea estratégica de la Economía Ecológica. En esa perspectiva, se presenta una serie de herramientas e indicadores que se proponen como parte de las estrategias para visibilizar y transformar las injusticias ambientales.
A theoretical study on propagation of guided waves in a fluid layer overlying a solid half-space
Authors: Nguyen Phuong-Thuy , Phan Haidang
Published: October 2018

Ultrasonic guided waves propagating in a non-viscous fluid layer of uniform thickness bonded to an elastic solid half-space is theoretically investigated in this article. Based on the boundary conditions set for the joined configuration, a characteristic dispersion equation is found and new expressions for free guided waves are introduced. Closed-form solutions of guided waves generated by a time-harmonic load are derived by the use of elastodynamics reciprocity theorems. Through calculation examples, it is shown that the obtained computation of the lowest wave mode approaches the result of the Rayleigh wave in the solid half-space as the layer thickness approaches zero. The aim of the present work is to improve the understanding of wave motions in layered half-spaces for potential applications in the area of bone quantitative ultrasound.
Mechanical response of outer frames in tuning fork gyroscope model with connecting diamond-shaped frame
Authors: The Vu Van , Dung Tran Quang , Trinh Chu Duc
Published: October 2018

In tuning fork micro-gyroscopes, two outer frames are connected by using the linking elements. The driving vibrations of the two outer frames are required to be exactly opposite to generate the opposite sensing modes perpendicular to driving direction. These opposite driving vibrations are provided by a mechanical structure named the diamond-shaped frame. This paper presents mechanical responses of two outer frames in a proposed model of tuning fork gyroscope when an external force with different types is applied to them. The results show that the presence of a diamond-shaped frame guarantees the absolute anti-phase mode for the driving vibrations of outer frames.
COEFICIENTES DE CULTURA DO FEIJÃO CAUPI NA REGIÃO LITORÂNEA DO CEARÁ
Authors: Souza Maria Do Socorro Medeiros de , Bezerra Francisco Marcus Lima , Teófilo Elizita Maria
Published: October 2018

Coeficientes de cultura do feijão caupi na região Litorânea do Ceará  Maria do Socorro Medeiros de Souza1; Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra1;  Elizita Maria Teófilo21Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola/CCA/Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, msmsousa@hotmail.com 2Departamento de Fitotecnia/CCA/ Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE  1 RESUMO A evapotranspiração e os coeficientes de cultura do feijão caupi cultivar Setentão foram estimados através de um conjunto de lisímetros de drenagem na região de Fortaleza, CE. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Laboratório de Hidráulica e Irrigação/DENA/UFC. A evapotranspiração de referência ETo foi estimada pelos métodos Penman-Monteith FAO e tanque Classe A. Os dados mostraram que a evapotranspiração do caupi foi crescente em quase todo o ciclo da cultura, alcançando um valor máximo no estádio de floração. A lâmina total de água aplicada, aos 69 dias de estudo, foi de 447,2 mm e a evapotranspiração acumulada de 337,4 mm. Os valores dos coeficientes de cultura variaram de 0,42 a 1,52 e dependeram do método de estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência, embora tenham apresentado a mesma tendência de variação ao longo do ciclo, independente do método de estimativa de ETo, a qual variou de 3,71 a 5,79 mm dia-1 para o tanque Classe A e de 4,83 a 6,30 mm dia-1 para Penman-Monteith FAO. UNITERMOS: Vigna ungüiculata L., Balanço hídrico, lisímetro de drenagem, Penman-Monteith FAO.  Souza, M. do S. M. de; Bezerra, F. M. L.; Teófilo, E. M.  Coefficients of COWPEA BEAN culture in the COASTAL AREA of CEARÁ  2 ABSTRACT Evapotranspiration and the coefficients for cultivar Setentão of cowpea bean culture were estimated through a group of drainage lysimeters in the region of Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the laboratory of Hydraulics and Irrigation, DENA, UFC. Reference evapotranspiration  (ETo) was calculated using the Penman-Monteith FAO method and a Class A pan. Data showed that the cowpea bean evapotranspiration increased during almost all the culture cycle and reached the maximum value in the blossoming stage. The total applied water sheet, at 69 days of the experiment, was 447.2 mm and accumulated evapotranspiration was 337.4mm. Culture coefficient values have ranged from 0.42 to 1.52 and depended on the reference evapotranspiration estimate methods, although they presented the same variation tendency throughout the cycle, independently of the ETo estimate methods. ETo ranged from 3.71 to 5.79 mm day-1 for the Class A pan and from 4.83 to 6.30 mm day-1 for Penman-Monteith FAO method. Keywords: Vigna ungüiculada L., water balance, drainage lysimeter, reference evapotranspiration, Penman-Monteith FAO.
CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA DO EXTRATO DE SATURAÇÃO DO SOLO A PARTIR DE EXTRATOS 1:2 PELO MÉTODO DO EIXO PRINCIPAL REDUZIDO
Authors: Dantas Daniel Da Costa , Matos José De Arimatea de , Medeiros José Francismar de , Porto Filho Francisco De Queiroz , Miranda Neyton De Oliveira
Published: October 2018

CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA DO EXTRATO DE SATURAÇÃO DO SOLO A PARTIR DE EXTRATOS 1:2 PELO MÉTODO DO EIXO PRINCIPAL REDUZIDO  Daniel da Costa Dantas; José de Arimatea de Matos; José Francismar de Medeiros; Francisco de Queiroz Porto Filho; Neyton de Oliveira MirandaDepartamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi Árido, Mossoró, RN, d1cdantas@bol.com.br  1        RESUMO Com o objetivo de estimar a condutividade elétrica de extratos de saturação do solo (CEes) em função de extratos do solo 1:2 (CE1:2), procedeu-se o monitoramento da salinidade do solo em um experimento com melão irrigado com água de diferentes níveis de salinidade (S1 = 0,6; S2 = 1,9; S3 = 3,2 e S4 = 4,5 dS m-1), aplicada de forma incremental ao longo do ciclo. Coletaram-se amostras de solo para análise em três profundidades (0-15, 15-30 e 30-45 cm), durante dois ciclos de cultivo, aos 70 dias após a semeadura (DAS) no primeiro ciclo e aos 30 e 70 DAS no segundo. Determinou-se a CE1:2 e a CEes em amostras compostas, resultante de 15 tratamentos com três profundidades para cada tratamento. Os dados foram ajustados por profundidade e em conjunto, através de funções lineares de regressão e pelo método do eixo principal reduzido (EPR). A equação CEes = 8,094 CE1:2 + 0,0149 (R2 = 0,9112), desenvolvida através do eixo principal reduzido para todos os dados, apresentou nível de estimabilidade semelhante às equações obtidas para as diferentes profundidades e épocas e que a CE é inversamente proporcional a razão entre água:solo. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo, salinidade.  DANTAS, D. da C.; MATOS, J. de. A. de; MEDEIROS, J. F. de; PORTO FILHO, F. de. Q.; MIRANDA, N. de. O.; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SATURATED EXTRACTSDETERMINED BY THE REDUCED MAJOR AXIS METHOD USING MIXTURES OF SOIL AND WATER IN A 1:2 RATIO  2  ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out aiming to estimate electrical conductivity of saturated water soil extracts (CEes) using mixtures of soil and water in a 1:2 ratio (CE1:2). Soil salinity was monitored in a field where melon was irrigated with water which salinity level was increasing during the cycle (S1 = 0.6; S2 = 1.9; S3 = 3.2 and S4 = 4.5 dS m-¹). Samples were taken from two consecutive melon cycles at three depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm). At 70 days after seeding (DAS) of the first cycle and at 30 and 70 DAS of the second CEes and CE1:2 were determined from compounded samples taken from 15 treatments with three depths each. Data were adjusted for all data and depth using linear regression and the reduced major axis method (RMA). The equation CEes = 8.094 CE1:2 + 0.0149 (R² = 0.9112) obtained using all data through RMA, showed a degree of predictability similar to the linear regression obtained for different depths and dates. Soil electrical conductivity was inversely correlated to the soil:water ratio. KEYWORDS: Cucumis melo, salinity
Cobertura política da imprensa, efeitos da mídia e adesão à democracia no Brasil após os protestos de 2013
Authors: De Melo Uirá , Mundim Pedro Santos
Published: October 2018

No Brasil, até 2013 os efeitos negativos dos casos de corrupção recaiam mais sobre a classe política do que à democracia. Mas frente à cobertura política da imprensa, que passou a tratar da falência da representação e das falhas do regime, esse artigo investiga os efeitos da mídia sobre o posicionamento dos cidadãos em relação ao sistema democrático. Com base em duas pesquisas de opinião pública nacionais realizadas em 2012 e 2014, estimamos os efeitos da exposição às notícias, uso da internet e atenção política sobre a adesão à comunidade política, o apoio à democracia e a performance do regime. Os resultados mostraram que a exposição às notícias passou a afetar, negativamente, as posições sobre o regime democrático. Isso não seria apenas mero reflexo da manipulação de corações e mentes de uma cobertura política mais negativa, segundo os adeptos da media malaise, mas uma evidência da capacidade dos cidadãos a serem mais críticos.
A Longitudinal Three-Center Study of Dental Arch Relationship in Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Bartzela Theodosia , Katsaros Christos , Shaw William C. , Rønning Elisabeth , Rizell Sara , Bronkhorst Ewald , Okada Terumi Ozawa , Pinheiro Fabio H. De S.L. , Dominguez-Gonzalez Susana , Hagberg Catharina , Semb Gunvor , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie
Published: October 2018

Objective

To compare and evaluate longitudinally the dental arch relationships from 4.5 to 13.5 years of age with the Bauru-BCLP Yardstick in a large sample of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP).

Design

Retrospective longitudinal intercenter outcome study.

Patients

Dental casts of 204 consecutive patients with complete BCLP were evaluated at 6,9, and 12 years of age. All models were identified only by random identification numbers.

Setting

Three cleft palate centers with different treatment protocols.

Main Outcome Measures

Dental arch relationships were categorized with the Bauru-BCLP yardstick. Increments for each interval (from 6 to 9 years, 6 to 12 years, and 9 to 12 years) were analyzed by logistic and linear regression models.

Results

There were no significant differences in outcome measures between the centers at age 12 or at age 9. At age 6, center B showed significantly better results ( p = .027), but this difference diminished as the yardstick score for this group increased over time (linear regression analysis), the difference with the reference category (center C, boys) for the intervals 6 to 12 and 9 to 12 years being 10.4% ( p = .041) and 12.9% ( p = .009), respectively.

Conclusions

Despite different treatment protocols, dental arch relationships in the three centers were comparable in final scores at age 9 and 12 years. Delaying hard palate closure and employing infant orthopedics did not appear to be advantageous in the long run. Premaxillary osteotomy employed in center B appeared to be associated with less favorable development of the dental arch relationship between 9 and 12 years.
Language Input of Mothers Interacting with Their Young Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Chapman Kathy L. , Hardin Mary A.
Published: October 2018

Maternal language addressed to 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old children with cleft lip and palate was studied. Videotaped interactions were obtained from 23 mother-child dyads (13 mother-cleft lip and palate child dyads, and 13 mother nonecleft child dyads) during free play. Results Indicated more similarities than differences in maternal language characteristics for the two groups of mothers.
Psychosocial Adjustment in Children with Hemifacial Microsomia and Other Craniofacial Deformities
Authors: Padwa Bonnie L. , Evans Carla A. , Pillemer Francine C.
Published: October 2018

Psychosocial adjustment was evaluated in different groups of children with craniofacial deformities in order to examine the relationships between symmetry, functional impairments, and social adaptation. Thirty patients, ages 6 through 16 years, were assessed using a battery of standard psychologic measures including Human Figure Drawing, Tasks of Emotional Adjustment, and Children's Depression Inventory. Parents and teachers also provided ratings of the children's functioning using the Child Behavior Checklist (parent and teacher forms). Scores on the outcome measures were summarized with descriptive statistics and then multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to determine the differences in psychosocial development between children with symmetric versus asymmetric craniofacial deformities and between the presence or absence of a functional impairment in children with craniofacial deformities. The results indicate that children with symmetric craniofacial deformities score poorer on measures of psychosocial adjustment than children with asymmetric deformities (F = 3.20, p < 0.015); however, differences among the groups with or without functional impairments were not significant.
The Implications of the Diagnosis of Robin Sequence
Authors: Shprintzen Robert J.
Published: October 2018

“Pierre Robin” is one of the most readily recognized diagnostic eponyms in medicine, yet it is a poorly understood nonspecific grouping of malformations that has no prognostic significance. Although the science of dysmorphology and in particular those who study children with clefts would be reluctant to forego the use of this diagnosis, the reality is that fewer than 20 percent of children with micrognathia and cleft palate should have this term applied. The syndromic diagnoses of 100 children with Robin sequence are presented and discussed in relation to morphologic characteristics. Upper airway obstruction and Its relationship to feeding problems is also discussed.
Long-Term Speech Results of Cleft Palate Patients with Primary Palatoplasty
Authors: Hardin-Jones Mary A. , Brown Carl K. , Van Demark Duane R. , Morris Hughlett L.
Published: October 2018

This investigation examined the influence of cleft type, type of surgery, age at surgery, and gender on speech proficiency of 204 patients with cleft palate who required only primary palatoplasty. Speech measures were obtained for each subject from at least three annual examinations between the ages of 4 and 16 years. Neither age at surgery nor type of surgery were discriminating factors. The less extensive cleft type, i.e., soft palate only, was associated with greater rates of change in the performance variables than were the other three cleft types. Females showed greater rate changes than males.
In Utero Cleft Palate Repair in the Ovine Model
Authors: Canady John W. , Landas Steve K. , Morris Hughlett , Thompson Sue Ann
Published: October 2018

Cleft lip end palate defects assume many forms from mild to severe, but all may be associated with abnormal craniofacial development. Even the most expert and sophisticated methods of surgical repair are followed by scar contraction and fibrosis, which result in skeletal defects, dental abnormalities, cosmetic disfigurement, and speech Impairment. Recent clinical and experimental observations that fetal cutaneous wounds heal without scarring are of great potential interest In the management of cleft lip and palate. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal repair of iatrogenically produced cleft palate on scar formation in the fetal lamb model. Ten ewes were operated on ranging in gestation from 70 to 133 days. Fifteen lambs were studied (nine cleft palates produced and repaired In utero; one cleft produced in utero and not repaired, four normal, unoperated palates; and one cleft palate produced and repaired 1 week postnatally). The lambs were delivered normally at 145 to 147 days gestation and maintained with the ewe until 1 month of age. The lambs were euthanized, and the surgical area of the palates studied grossly and histologically. Animals operated at 112 days or later in gestation exhibited scars both clinically and histologically. The animals that had cleft palate produced and repaired at 70 days gestation did not have a visible palatal scar at 1 month of age. Histologically, there was evidence of minimal scarring without disruption of normal architecture. Studies are underway to determine the impact of reduced scarring on craniofacial growth after palatal repair during mid gestation in the ovine model.
Oblique Facial Cleft, Cleft Palate, and Supernumerary Teeth Secondary to Amniotic Bands
Authors: Miyajima Kuniaki , Natsume Nagato , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Iizuka Tetsuo
Published: October 2018

A case of oblique facial cleft with supernumerary deciduous molars, probably caused by amniotic bands is reported. Besides facial cleft, and cleft palate and lip, there are sulci on the left side of the face and on the left posterior alveolar ridge. The sulci may be impressions of amniotic bands at a late gestational age and supernumerary teeth may also be related to these amniotic bands.
Controversies in the Diagnosis and Management of Craniosynostosis: A Panel Discussion
Authors: Mouradian Wendy E.
Published: October 2018

This introductory article summarizes and comments on a group of four papers based in part on a panel discussion of craniosynostosis (CS) held at the 53rd annual meeting of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. The purpose of this panel was to review the differential diagnosis of CS and the evidence for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and developmental problems in CS patients. First, a correct diagnosis must be made, with true syn-ostosis being differentiated from positional deformities and other normal variants. Second, medical indications must be balanced against the risks of operating on CS patients. Release of fused sutures is commonly undertaken to avoid increased ICP, although studies of ICP in infants and children with CS are hampered by a lack of normative data and by difficulties with measurement techniques. A subgroup of children with isolated craniosynostosis may have increased ICP, which can be deleterious to brain function. Longitudinal studies of children with isolated CS suggest an increased risk of mental retardation and learning disorders; surgical release of the suture may not diminish this risk. Patients with metopic suture fusion appear to be particularly at risk. These findings must be confirmed with a larger sample size. These uncertainties raise ethical issues and complicate medical decision-making for the infant with CS. A trusting and truthful relationship between the parents and the professional is necessary for a balanced discussion of the best interests of the child. All patients with confirmed synostosis should be followed for evidence of progressive deformity, intracranial hypertension, and neurodevelopmental problems.
Birth Weight, Body Length, and Cranial Circumference in Newborns with Cleft Lip or Palate
Authors: Becker Magnus , Svensson Henry , Källén Bengt
Published: October 2018

Objective

This paper reports on birth weight, body length, body mass index, and cranial circumference at birth of infants with cleft lip and/or palate born between 1973 and 1992.

Methods

Data were obtained from two nationwide swedish health registries. Infants with syndromes, twins, and infants with immigrant parentage were excluded from the study. Comparisons were made with all singleton births with the same exclusion criteria (n = 2,031,140).

Results

The body dimensions of infants with isolated cleft lip (n = 865) were found not to differ from those of control subjects, but infants with isolated cleft palate (n = 811) or cleft lip and palate (n = 1139) were found to be lighter and shorter than control subjects. Also, infants with the Pierre Robin sequence (n = 121) had a tendency to be lighter and shorter than control subjects, but these differences did not reach statistical significance despite the large study population.
Nasalance Distance and Ratio: Two New Measures
Authors: Bressmann Tim , Sader Robert , Whitehill Tara L. , Awan Shaheen N. , Zeilhofer Hans-Florian , Horch Hans-Henning
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Mean nasalance in speakers with perceptually normal nasal resonance can differ in magnitude considerably. In addition, categorizations of speech based on nasalance scores may not agree with perceptual judgments. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated two new simple measures derived from mean nasalance data: the nasalance distance (range between maximum and minimum nasalance) and the nasalance ratio (minimum nasalance divided by maximum nasalance).

Setting

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Technology, Munich, Germany.

Subjects

The sample consisted of 133 cleft lip and palate patients with normal nasal resonance or varying degrees of hypernasality.

Procedures

Oral and nasal acoustic measurements were made using the NasalView system. Nasalance distance and nasalance ratio were calculated for five nonnasal and three nasal sentences from the modified Heidelberg Rhinophonia Assessment Form.

Results

Optimum cutoffs were derived from Receiver-Operating Characteristics. Results for the sentence stimuli ranged from 64.4% to 89.6% sensitivity and from 91.2% to 94.1% specificity. When the analysis was limited to only one nonnasal and one nasal sentence, results ranged from 79.7% to 87.5% sensitivity and from 88.2% to 97.1% specificity.

Conclusions

We conclude that the two new measurements are valuable in routine clinical examinations. Nasalance distance and ratio derived from sentence stimuli are two useful and easily applicable measures that can be used to supplement the nasalance mean value.
The Craniofacial Dysostosis Syndromes: Current Surgical Thinking and Future Directions
Authors: Posnick Jeffrey C. , Ruiz Ramon L.
Published: October 2018

Craniofacial dysostosis is the term applied to familial forms of craniosynostosis in which the sutural involvement generally includes the cranial vault, cranial base, and midfacial skeletal structures. The syndromic forms of craniofacial dysostosis (CFD) were initially described by Carpenter, Apert, Crouzon, Saethre and Chotzen, Pfeiffer, and others. In addition to the dysmorphic cranial features, affected individuals may have profound alterations in facial skeletal development. Surgical reconstruction requires thoughtfully sequenced and staged procedures with consideration for the individual's specific malformations, craniofacial growth patterns, and psychosocial needs.

Management of the CFD syndromes is surgical, but the indications and the timing, type, and effectiveness of each stage of reconstruction have not been well evaluated and remains as much an art as a science. This article reviews the specific characteristic clinical features of the CFD syndromes and presents current philosophy and rationale for the staging of reconstruction.
Imaging of Cartilage and Mimic Muscles with MRI: Anatomic Study in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Kleinheinz Johannes , Joos Ulrich
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The aim of the study was to visualize different soft tissues in the perioral, nasal, and paranasal region by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Design:

In this descriptive study, images of different MRI systems were assessed and compared.

Method:

MRI was applied in five consecutive patients operated on for UCLP who underwent secondary lip and nasal correction, two patients who had not had UCLP operations, and five healthy volunteers as controls. The mimic muscles, vessels, and nasal cartilages were evaluated.

Results:

It was possible to visualize different parts of the paranasal and perioral mimic muscles and their interlacement in the upper lip. The nasal cartilages were also visible, and the changes after operation were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

MRI shows differentiated visualization of soft tissues in the cleft region and their changes after surgery. It is a valuable tool in the preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up in patients with UCLP.
Dentocraniofacial Morphology of 12 Japanese Subjects with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate with a Severe Class III Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study at the Pretreatment Stage of Surgical Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Tateishi Chizu , Moriyama Keiji , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko
Published: October 2018

Objective:

The present study clarifies the dentocraniofacial morphology of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with severe Class III malocclusion prior to surgical orthodontic treatment.

Methods:

The sample was 12 Japanese male subjects with repaired complete unilateral CLP (surgical CLP group; 21.2 ± 1.92 years in mean age). Two sets of patients without CLP Class III malocclusion, consisting of 19 male subjects treated by surgical orthodontic treatment (surgical Class III group; 23.4 ± 6.35 years in mean age) and 14 male subjects treated by nonsurgical orthodontic treatment (nonsurgical Class III group; 18.7 ± 3.49 years in mean age) were used as controls. Analyses were performed using lateral and posteroanterior (P-A) cephalograms.

Results:

(1) The surgical CLP group showed significantly smaller values for overjet, SNA angle, and inclination of the maxillary incisor as compared with those of the surgical and nonsurgical Class III controls. The values of SNB, mandibular effective length, and ramus height in the surgical CLP group were significantly smaller than those of the surgical Class III group but were similar to those of the nonsurgical Class III group. (2) The mandible and the upper and lower dental arches deviated laterally toward the cleft side. The displacement of the mandible was correlated with that of the maxilla. These results show that CLP patients who required surgical orthodontic treatment had a characteristic dentocraniofacial morphology, compared to controls without CLP with Class III malocclusion.
Nasalance Measures in Marathi Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Syllables with Pressure Consonants Produced by Children with and without Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nandurkar Aparna
Published: October 2018

Objective

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there exist differential nasalance measures for consonant-vowel-consonant syllables consisting of different pressure consonants articulated by Marathi-speaking children with and without repaired cleft lip and palate.

Participants

Ten Marathi-speaking children with repaired cleft palate between the ages of 5 and 12 years formed the experimental group. The control group consisted of 10 age- and sex-matched children with no clefts and no history of any hearing, speech, or voice disorder.

Methods and Materials

The Kay Elemetrics nasometer model 6200-2 (IBMPC version) was used for obtaining nasalance measurements. Speech material consisted of eight Marathi monosyllabic words consisting of the pressure consonants p, t, k, s, ∫, h, t∫, dz in the initial position. The correlation between perceptual judgments of nasality and the instrumental measures was studied by computing the Phi coefficient.

Results

Results indicate that there exist differential mean nasalance scores for the syllables with different pressure consonants articulated by Marathispeaking subjects with repaired cleft lip and palate and those without cleft lip and palate. Correlation coefficient computed between the instrumental measures and the perceptual judgments of nasality indicates moderate correlation between the two measures.

Conclusions

Presence of differential nasalance scores may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Results also emphasize the need to evaluate nasal resonance in stimuli other than the traditional ones.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Levator Veli Palatini Muscle during Speech
Authors: Ettema Sandra L. , Kuehn David P. , Perlman Adrienne L. , Alperin Noam
Published: October 2018

Objective

To obtain detailed anatomic information on the levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quantitative measures of the configuration of the LVP muscle at rest and during speech activities were obtained.

Design

Prospective study using MRI of adult subjects with normal velopharyngeal mechanisms to determine anatomic and physiologic parameters of the levator muscle. The levator veli palatini muscle was imaged at rest and during speech activities consisting of nasal and nonnasal sounds mixed with vowels, consonants, or both (e.g., /ansa, asna, amfa, afma/).

Participants

Ten normal healthy adults (five men, five women) between 21 and 53 years of age and free of oropharyngeal abnormalities.

Main outcome Measures

Two-dimensional spin echo static images and dynamic fast gradient echo images of the levator muscle in both the sagittal and oblique/coronal planes.

Results

On average across female (F) and male (M) subjects: distance between LVP muscle origin points, 52.6 mm (F), 54.6 mm (M); angle of levator muscle origin at rest, 64.5° (F), 60.4° (M); length of the levator muscle at rest, 44.1 mm (F), 46.4 mm (M); width of levator muscle at lateral margin of velum, 5.5 mm (F), 6.6 mm (M). Both the levator muscle angle of origin and length became progressively smaller from rest, nasal consonants, low vowels, high vowels, and fricatives for both female and male subjects. Across all subjects, there was a 19% reduction in length of the LVP muscle from rest position to fricative production.

Conclusions

MRI is an effective method of imaging and measuring the LVP muscle and related structures in living subjects. Understanding the normal tissue distribution and quantification of the LVP muscle provides important information for development of a functional biomechanical model of the velopharynx and for improved surgical treatment.
Pressure-Flow Measurements for Selected Nasal Sound Segments Produced by Normal Children and Adolescents
Authors: Smith Bonnie E. , Guyette Thomas W. , Patil Yash , Brannan Timothy S.
Published: October 2018

Objective

The purpose of this prospective study was to: (1) report simultaneous oral-nasal pressures, nasal airflow rates, and velopharyngeal orifice areas for nasal sounds produced by children and adolescents; (2) determine whether data could be statistically classified by age, sex, or utterance type; and (3) provide guidelines for determining typical from atypical productions.

Participants

The study involved 56 subjects, with two boys and two girls representing each age from 5 to 18 years. Subjects had no history of speech therapy, were judged as having normal speech and resonance at the time of testing, and had no upper respiratory tract infections or allergies at the time of testing.

Methods

All subjects repeated /ma/ and “hamper” at normal pitch and loudness after an examiner model. Mean oral-nasal pressures, nasal airflow rates, and velopharyngeal orifice areas were calculated for each subject's utterances. A discriminate function analysis determined whether data could be grouped by age and sex.

Results

Significant differences in mean data for age groups of 5 to 9 years, 10 to 13 years, and 14 to 18 years were observed. Data showed decreases in pressures and increases in nasal airflow and orifice areas with age. Variability in pressure stayed consistent or decreased with age, but variability in nasal airflow and orifice areas increased with age.

Conclusions

We propose a scheme for categorizing velopharyngeal function for oral and nasal sound production to be used in clinical testing.
Repair of Congenital Nasal Anomalies Involving Redundancy of Structures
Authors: Zbar Ross I. S. , Rai Shankar Man , Ghimire Pradeep
Published: October 2018

Objective

Rare congenital nasal anomalies include symmetric complete nasal duplication and asymmetric supernumerary nostrils. Complete nasal duplication may be either vertically stacked or horizontally oriented. It is a result of duplication of the nasal placode pair. Supernumerary structures include nostrils (with or without accessory cartilage) or fistulas that result from a fissure of the lateral nasal process. A case report is described whereby an adult accessory nostril, complete with an extra lower lateral cartilage, is repaired through direct excision and tip suturing. The importance of removing superfluous structures and reconstructing the normal anatomy by using an open rhinoplasty technique is stressed to achieve an aesthetic outcome.
Preliminary Report of Two-Stage Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting for Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Kamakura S. , Yamaguchi T. , Kochi S. , Sato A. , Motegi K.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To overcome the difficulties of one-stage secondary alveolar bone grafting for patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) who have a broad alveolar cleft, the value of two-stage alveolar bone grafting was examined.

Patients

Three patients (2 girls and 1 boy) with BCLP were treated by two-stage alveolar bone grafting. The procedure consisted of a first-stage surgery (mean age 8 year 6 months ± 7.8 months), which consisted of alveolar bone grafting for one side of the BCLP, and second-stage surgery for the contralateral side several months later. For the postoperative assessment, radiographs of the operated site were examined.

Results

The average amount of implanted bone per operation and per patient was 6.8 ± 1.1 g and 13.7 ± 1.0 g, respectively. Postoperative clinical and radiographic examinations revealed that an appreciable alveolar bone ridge had formed, and there were no major complications.

Conclusions

Two-stage alveolar bone grafting, which makes it possible to reduce the amount of implanted bone, could be an optional surgical procedure for patients with BCLP and a broad alveolar cleft.
Alternative Impression Technique for a Speech-Aid Prosthesis
Authors: Keyf Filiz , Sahin Nesrin , Aslan Yavuz
Published: October 2018

Objective

Prosthetic treatment for speech disorders attributable to surgically acquired soft palate defects are introduced.

Case

A patient who underwent soft palate resection for cancer is presented. The resected portion of the soft palate was confined to the posterior segments. A prosthesis with a speech bulb was adapted to the patient.

Conclusion

Excellent restoration of speech and improvement of velopharyngeal function was achieved following placement of the special prosthesis.
Исследование загрузочных свойств монолитных колонок для ВЭЖХ на основе пористых органических полимеров
Authors: Патрушев Ю. В. , Юдина Ю. С. , Сидельников В. Н.
Published: October 2018

Исследованы загрузочные свойства монолитных хроматографических колонок для ВЭЖХ с сорбентами на основе 1-винилимидазола и 4-винилпиридина. Проведено сравнение загрузочных свойств данных колонок с коммерческой микронасадочной колонокй Диасфер-250-СТ. Показано, что при составе элюента ацетонитрил/вода, равном 60/40 величины загрузок для монолитных колонок выше, чем для насадочной колонки с аналогичными габаритами. При составе элюента ацетонитрил/вода, равном 20/80 величины загрузок для  монолитных колонок и для насадочной колонки примерно одинаковы.
Кислотно-основные и адсорбционные свойства пористого микродисперсного детонационного наноалмаза
Authors: Ланин С. Н. , Рычкова С. А. , Виноградов А. Е. , Вирясов М. Б. , Власенко Е. В. , Ланина К. С. , Нестеренко П. Н. , Хохлова Т. Д.
Published: October 2018

Исследована адсорбция ряда соединений, обладающих свойствами кислот, оснований и амфотерных соединений, на пористом микродисперсном детонационном наноалмазе (ПМДН) из водных растворов. Из анализа результатов адсорбции кислотных и основных красителей на поверхности ПМДН следует, что на поверхности сорбента имеются как основные, так и кислотные группы, с которыми способны вступать во взаимодействия молекулы органических кислот, оснований и амфотерных соединений. Обработка исходного образца кислотой или основанием приводит к уменьшению адсорбции кислотных и основных красителей, что может быть связано с удалением примесей с поверхности ПМДН, с которыми способны взаимодействовать кислотные и основные соединения.
Исследование пористой структуры активного угля из рисовой шелухи
Authors: Вин Мьинт Со , Тху Аунг Си , Клушин В. Н. , Нистратов А. В. , Киреев С. Г. , Мухин В. М.
Published: October 2018

Методом низкотемпературной адсорбции азота исследована пористая структура активного угля из рисовой шелухи. Установлено, что при парогазовой активации первичная пористость карбонизата, представленная ультрамикропорами с максимумом при ~ 0.68 нм, супермикропорами с максимумом ~ 1.1 нм и мезопорами с максимумом ∼ 3 нм, развивается в направлении радиального выгорания ультрамикропор со смещением максимума распределения в сторону увеличения размеров, полного выгорания супермикропор и двукратным ростом объема мезопор.
Сорбционное концентрирование α-аминокислот сополимерами 1-винил-3,5-диметилпиразола с этиленгликольдиметакрилатом
Authors: Кузнецов В. А. , Лавлинская М. С. , Хохлов В. Ю. , Шаталов Г. В.
Published: October 2018

Изучены сорбционные свойства новых сетчатых сополимеров на основе 1-винил-3,5-диметилпиразола и этиленгликольдиметакрилата по отношения к α-аминокислотам – гистидину и триптофану – в статических и динамических условиях при различных значениях pH. Установлено, что предложенные сорбенты характеризуются высокими значениями степеней концентрирования, малым временем извлечения по отношению к аминокислотам, что позволяет использовать их для сорбционного концентрирования гистидина и триптофана. На основании проведенных исследований разработана методика сорбционно-спектрофотометрического определения гистидина и триптофана в водных растворах.
Сорбция синтетических красителей полимерами с молекулярными отпечатками
Authors: Зяблов А. Н. , Хальзова С. А. , Дуванова О. В. , Селеменев В. Ф. , Козлов А. Т.
Published: October 2018

Получены изотермы сорбции синтетических красителей полимерами с молекулярными отпечатками и их полимеров сравнения. Определены значения максимальной сорбционной емкости сорбентов по отношению к красителям. Рассчитаны значения степеней извлечения и коэффициентов распределения, определен импринтинг-фактор. Установлено, что полимеры с молекулярными отпечатками на основе полиимида обладают лучшей сорбционной способностью по отношению к целевым молекулам, чем их полимеры сравнения.
Активность глутатионредуктазы при патологических состояниях печени и очистка фермента с применением ионообменной хроматографии для исследования каталитических свойств
Authors: Попов С. С. , Агарков А. А. , Крыльский Е. Д. , Шульгин К. К. , Попова Т. Н. , Сафонова О. А.
Published: October 2018

Выявлено возрастание активности глутатионредуктазы в сыворотке крови больных неалкогольным стеатогепатитом, развивающимся при сахарном диабете 2 типа, и лекарственным гепатитом, а также в сыворотке и печени крыс при экспериментальном токсическом гепатите. Для исследования каталитических свойств фермента была проведена его очистка из печени крыс контрольной группы иживотных с индуцированным токсическим гепатитом с применением ионообменной хроматографии. С использованием полученных ферментных препаратов выявлены различия в регуляции активности глутатионредуктазы под действием глюкозо-6-фосфата и рибозо-5-фосфата, что, очевидно, связано с конформационными модификациями молекулы фермента в условиях оксидативного стресса, развивающегося при патологии