bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk and Protective Factors Related to Poorer Overall Health, Increased Psychological Distress and Suicidal Ideation in the General Japanese Population Due to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Araki Kanto , Kiuchi Keita , Kishi Katsumasa
Published: October 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks will likely threaten mental health globally. This study aimed to explore outbreaks’ effects on the general Japanese population’s overall health, focusing on identifying factors related to needing mental health treatment. Japanese residents aged 18 and older were surveyed online. Of the 1,500 responses included for analysis, 14% reported severe psychological distress and 8.9% rated high for suicidal ideation. A multiple regression analysis showed that “insufficient exercise” significantly predicted physical health (β = -0.23, SE = 0.03). The “neuroticism” personality trait (β = -0.16, SE = 0.03), the “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = -0.22, SE = 0.03), and “uncertainty about the future” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.03) life event stressors significantly predicted mental health. The personality traits of “agreeableness” (β = -0.08, SE = 0.02), “neuroticism” (β = 0.22, SE = 0.02), “social support” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.02), “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = 0.21, SE = 0.02), “uncertainty about the future” (β = 0.14, SE = 0.02) and “declining duration and quality of sleep” (β = 0.10, SE = 0.02) predicted psychological distress. “Neuroticism” (β = 0.11, SE = 0.03), “social support” (β = -0.27, SE = 0.03), and “having a psychiatric disorder” (β = 0.18, SE = 0.03) predicted suicidal ideation. Results suggested that due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, much of the Japanese public could need psychiatric care. People rating high for these risk factors but low for the protective factors might specifically need proactive support.
Preference for Hierarchy is Related to the Motivation to Feel Less Empathy and More Schadenfreude Towards Low-Status People
Authors: Hudson Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn , Cikara Mina , Sidanius Jim
Published: October 2020

Social dominance orientation (SDO)—the tendency to accept and endorse group-based dominance—has been linked with reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude (i.e., pleasure at the misfortunes of others) towards competitive others. Are these outcomes driven by a strategic motivation to feel emotions that facilitate hierarchy-reinforcing behaviors (and avoid those that interfere)? Across three pre-registered studies using Amazon Mechanical Turk participants (N = 1724), we find that SDO is associated with which emotions people want and choose to feel. People with higher (relative to lower) levels of SDO make similar predictions of others’ emotions when asked, but desire to feel less empathy and more schadenfreude toward low-status targets, and when given a choice, choose to feel less empathy and more schadenfreude. This work adds to a growing literature on the impact of ideology—in this case, SDO—on emotion tendencies and further expands work on the motivated nature of empathy.
Examining the Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Habit Formation and Habit-Breaking
Authors: Byrne Kaileigh , Six Stephanie Gabrielle , Willis Hunter C.
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives: Dysfunction in reward processing is a hallmark feature of depression. In the context of reinforcement learning, previous research has linked depression with reliance on simple habit-driven (‘model-free’) learning strategies over more complex, goal-directed (‘model-based’) strategies. However, the relationship between depression and habit-breaking remains an under-explored research area. The objective of the current study was to bridge this gap by investigating the effect of depressive symptoms on habit formation and habit-breaking under monetary and social feedback conditions. Additionally, we examined whether spontaneous eyeblink rate (EBR), an indirect marker for striatal dopamine levels, would modulate such effects. Methods: Depressive symptoms were operationalized using self-report measures. To examine differences in habit formation and habit breaking, undergraduate participants (N=156) completed a two-stage reinforcement learning task with a devaluation procedure using either monetary or social feedback. Results: Regression results showed that in the monetary feedback condition, spontaneous EBR moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and model-free strategies; individuals with more depressive symptomatology and high EBR (higher dopamine levels) exhibited increased reliance on model-free strategies. Furthermore, depressive symptoms negatively predicted devaluation sensitivity, indicative of difficulty in habit-breaking, in both monetary and social feedback contexts. Limitations: Social feedback relied on fixed feedback rather than real-time peer evaluations; depressive symptoms were measured using self-report rather than diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder; dopaminergic functioning was measured using EBR rather than PET imaging.Conclusions: These findings have implications for identifying altered patterns of habit formation and deficits in habit-breaking among those experiencing depressive symptoms.
Body appearance values modulate risk aversion in eating restriction
Authors: Jenkinson Paul , KOUKOUTSAKIS ATHANASIOS , Panagiotopoulou Elena , Vagnoni Eleonora , Demartini Benedetta , Nisticò Veronica , Gambini Orsola , Christakou Anastasia , Fotopoulou Aikaterini
Published: October 2020

Eating decisions depend on both appetitive and social motivation processes but the interactions between these motivations are poorly understood. We examine how women from nonclinical and clinical samples with variable levels of eating restriction make value-based decisions during an experimental task where monetary values are coupled with values related to body appearance, such as the social value of thinness. We show that eating restriction is associated with less risk taking and greater hesitancy when making decisions, but this general tendency is modulated by subjective body-related valuations in both subclinical and clinical samples; risk taking is decreased and hesitancy is increased when monetary reward is coupled with larger body stimuli, particularly in ‘at risk’ samples, and the reverse when reward is coupled with thinner body stimuli, particularly in clinical samples. Computational modelling further indicated that these behaviours are driven by an aversion to risk rather than loss, with desirable body outcomes being associated with less risk aversion, and undesirable body outcomes linked to greater risk aversion. These findings have important implications for current explanations of eating, indicating that cognitive and social factors may influence eating decisions by distinct mechanisms.
Long-term priors constrain category learning in the context of short-term statistical regularities
Authors: Roark Casey L , Holt Lori L.
Published: October 2020

**Pre-print of manuscript in press at Psychonomic Bulletin & Review** Cognitive systems face a constant tension of maintaining existing representations that have been fine-tuned to long-term input regularities and adapting representations to meet the needs of short-term input that may deviate from long-term norms. Systems must balance the stability of long-term representations with plasticity to accommodate novel contexts. We investigated the interaction between perceptual biases or priors acquired across the long-term and sensitivity to statistical regularities introduced in the short-term. Participants were first passively exposed to short-term acoustic regularities and then learned categories in a supervised training task that either conflicted or aligned with long-term perceptual priors. We found that the long-term priors had robust and pervasive impact on categorization behavior. In contrast, behavior was not influenced by the nature of the short-term passive exposure. These results demonstrate that perceptual priors place strong constraints on the course of learning and that short-term passive exposure to acoustic regularities has limited impact on directing subsequent category learning.
Do the eyes have it? A comparison of eye-movement and attentional-probe based approaches to indexing attentional control within the anti-saccade paradigm
Authors: Basanovic Julian , Myles Owen , MacLeod Colin
Published: October 2020

Individual differences in the ability to control visual attention, often termed ‘attentional control’, has been of particular interest to cognitive researchers. Researchers’ interest in attentional control has led to the development of specific tasks intended to measure this attentional ability. One such task is the anti-saccade task. While attentional performance on the anti-saccade task is typically indexed through the recording of eye movements, increasingly researchers are reporting the use of probe-based methods of indexing attentional performance on the task. Critically, no research has yet determined the convergence of indices of performance yielded by each of these assessment methods, nor compared the reliability of these indices. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether the index of attentional control yielded by a probe-based adaptation of the task converges with the index of attentional control provided by the traditional eye movement task, and whether these alternative approaches have comparable levels of psychometric reliability. The present study will require individuals to complete a probe-based task and an eye movement task, and an index of anti-saccade cost will be computed from each. Correlational analyses will determine the degree to which the anti-saccade cost indices provided by each task converge in their assessment of individual differences in attention control. Further analyses will compare the internal consistency of these two anti-saccade cost indices, and their reliability over time. This manuscript has passed peer review and has been issued an in-principle acceptance (IPA) by the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, indicating that the article will be published pending successful completion of the study according to the exact methods and analytic procedures outlined, as well as a defensible and evidence-bound interpretation of the results.
The Efficacy of Cognitive Remediation in Depression: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Therond Alexandra , Pezzoli Patrizia , Abbas Maria , Howard Andrea , Bowie Christopher R. , Guimond Synthia
Published: October 2020

Background: Individuals with major depressive disorder often experience cognitive deficits. Cognitive remediation (CR) is an intervention aimed at improving cognition in psychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy on global and specific domains of cognition in adults with depression requires systematic investigation. Further, given individual differences in treatment outcome, moderators of CR effects in depression need to be identified.Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published controlled trials of CR in adults with depression. We analyzed results from eight studies to estimate the efficacy of CR on global cognition and on six cognitive domains. We also examined three potential moderators, namely session format (individual vs. group), treatment duration, and participants’ age.Results: CR was found to improve global cognition (g = 0.44), verbal memory (g = 0.60), attention/processing speed (g = 0.41), working memory (g = 0.35), and executive functioning (g = 0.30). No significant improvements emerged for visuospatial memory and verbal fluency. Furthermore, no significant moderating effect of participant’s age, session duration or session format were observed. Limitations: Conclusions are limited by the small number of studies, the heterogeneity in cognitive measures, and the lack of indicators of everyday functioning. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis supports the use of CR in improving global cognition in adults with major depressive disorder with a moderate effect size and this efficacy varies between cognitive domains.Keywords: Depression; Cognition; Cognitive Remediation; Cognitive Training; Cognitive Rehabilitation; Meta-Analysis.
Attitudes of EFL Teachers toward the Competency Based Language Teaching: The Case of South Algerian Secondary Schools in Adrar
Authors: Bouhania Bachir
Published: October 2020

After more than seventeen years of implementation (2003) in the Algerian educational system, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers react unexpectedly to the Competency-Based Language Teaching (CBLT). They show resistance and resilience to change via variable attitudes towards CBLT. The paper reports the results of a field investigation carried out in eight secondary schools in Adrar, cultural and administrative capital of the southwest of Algeria. It assesses south Algerian EFL teachers’ attitudes towards CBLT through a questionnaire administered to twenty educators. The most striking answers are the teachers’ negative attitudes and diverging opinions toward its “top-down” implementation. The findings highlight a major issue to the Ministry of Education, the syllabus designers and the teachers at the micro-level, for they impact negatively on the spread and success of CBLT. The paper invites for debates about curricula and pedagogy in Algeria.
The English Verb See in Fiction Writing: A Cognitive Semantic Analysis
Authors: Jumaah Ruaa Talal , Rashid Sabariah Md , Bin Abdul Jabar Mohd Azidan , Ali Afida Mohamad
Published: October 2020

The study aims at unraveling the conceptual metaphor underlying the English verb of visual perception see in fiction writing. It has two research questions: 1) What are the conceptual metaphors underlying the linguistic expressions of the English verb of visual perception see in fiction writing and 2) What are the theoretical implications of MIND-AS-BODY theory on the motivation of conceptual metaphors underlying the English verb of visual perception see. This study adopts a qualitative approach and is situated within the field of cognitive semantics. A corpus of English fiction writing between the period of 2010 and 2017 was compiled from different sources comprising one million words. Specifically, a sample consisting of 1,000 examples of the English verb of visual perception see was randomly extracted from the corpus using the AntConc 3.5.0 concordancer. The Metaphor Identification Procedures (MIP) were used to identify the metaphorical linguistic expressions in the corpus, and Lakoff and Johnson's (2003) as well as Sweetser's (1990) analytical frameworks were adopted for data analysis. The data analysis revealed various conceptual metaphors underlying the English verb see. These conceptual metaphors are related to the domains of knowledge, intellections, and understanding which support Sweetser's claim regarding the primacy of vision in motivating metaphors of cognition in human speech and thought. Thus, this study contributes to the literature on verbs of perception, particularly verbs of visual perception, as it is the first to address the conceptual metaphors underlying the verb see in English using a real authentic corpus of fiction writing.
Application of Teachers’ Knowledge of Socratic Questioning in Developing EFL Critical Thinking Skills among Omani Post-Basic Learners
Authors: Sulaiman Moosa Ahmed Ali
Published: October 2020

With the premise that effective use of Socratic Questioning in instructional practices is of vital importance in EFL/ESL classrooms, this study was undertaken to investigate application of Omani EFL teachers’ knowledge of Socratic Questioning (SQ) on Students’ Critical thinking (CT) in post basic schools. This study is conducted in two phases of investigation. Phase I examined the correlation between teachers’ knowledge and actual use of SQ. Phase II study investigated the application of Omani EFL teachers’ knowledge of SQ on students’ CT in post-basic schools. The present study made an attempt to (a) Determine the relationship between teachers’ knowledge of SQ and their actual use of SQ. (b) Ascertain whether there is any statistically significant difference between mean scores of those who are taught through SQ and those who are taught CT skills in a normal setting. (c) Identify CT strategies, the students were able to develop and apply at the end of the intervention phase. A total of 230 EFL teachers, which comprises a 100% of the total population of all EFL post-basic female teachers in Dhofar region of Oman, participated in this study. The multi-method procedures and data analyses showed that (a) There is a strong positive relationship between teachers’ perceived knowledge and their actual use of SQ; (b) There are significant differences between mean scores of those who were taught CT through SQ and those who were taught CT skills in a normal setting; (c) There is a clear evidence to suggest that students in the experimental group were able to develop effective CT strategies during the intervention phase. The findings of this study offer a number of implications: (a) For instructional practice that involves the teachers and students; (b) For policy and decision makers; and (c) For syllabus designers and testing and evaluation. In addition, it identifies and proposes certain areas related to pedagogy for future research.
The Swedish paradox explained? Investigating the role of economic inequality and risk perceptions in the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Breznau Nate , Heukamp Lisa , Nguyen Hung Hoang Viet
Published: October 2020

Economic inequality is understood as a country-level risk factor that increases the spread of infectious diseases. The Novel Coronavirus presents somewhat contradictory evidence of this because the most equal countries in the world experienced deaths per capita as high as the most unequal. We label this the ‘Swedish paradox’. We theorize that inequality has a non-linear association with disease spread because of risk perceptions among the public. Risk perceptions that are extreme in either direction – toward nonchalance or outright panic – lead to behaviors that increase infection1. Highly equal countries like Sweden had very low risk perceptions at the beginning of the pandemic and this may have led to individual and public actions that increase infection risk. To test this, we modeled the role of economic inequality on infection through the mediating role of risk perceptions in April, in 74 countries. We measured the intensity of the outbreak and government interventions in March as key predictors of risk perceptions. This lets us identify ‘over’ or ‘under’ concern and whether these extremes in the distribution of risk perceptions predicts infection increase in May, measured as death rates with an 18-day lead. We find that inequality has a large linear association with risk perceptions in April (0.50 as a standardized [beta] coefficient). We find that risk perceptions in April have a moderate association with infection increase in May (0.24 beta) and these effects are non-linear. Societies below a disposable income inequality Gini of around 31 were prone to slightly more infection in May as a function of less inequality, whereas societies above 31 were prone to much more infection as a function of more inequality, all else equal. This offers some clarification of the Swedish paradox; however, the biggest effects of inequality on infection occur at the upper end of the distribution meaning inequality is only a small piece of this puzzle.
Modified Palliation in Cancer Patients during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wagle Bhawna , Koirala Eliza
Published: October 2020

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has put huge challenge to the health delivery system all across the globe. The risk of mortality due to COVID 19 is highest on critically ill patients and those with preexisting disease. Palliative and end of life care are no exceptions to the surge in increased demand for health care services. It is now an essential part of global health care. The benefits of early palliative care are already well established. In the pandemic like this, we must not pull back the services, particularly in these vulnerable groups. It is important to determine how best to deliver palliative care during this crisis. It may include preparedness to shift the focus of resources to community level and the innovative use of telemedicine. Use of telemedicine is to ease patients and minimize caregiver distress, and to prevent hospitalizations. The fear of contracting COVID-19 and the emotional burden during diagnosis requires the need of continuous psychosocial support. These challenges should be handled by specialized and skilled interdisciplinary palliative care team.
Palliative Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Authors: Gautam Deepa , Shah Arati
Published: October 2020

Introduction: A significant proportion of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) are unsuitable for radical treatment and we aim to evaluate the acute toxicity, symptom relief and disease response after palliative hypo fractionated radiotherapy in such patients.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from November 2014 to November 2015 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur in 30 patients with stage III or stage IV HNSCC who received radiotherapy of 30 Gy in 10 fractions over two weeks. Pain, dysphagia, insomniaand dyspnoea at presentation were assessed using 11 point numerical scale. Acute treatment toxicities we reassessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) at the end of two weeks. After six weeks of completion of radiotherapy, percentage of symptom relief and disease response based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) were recorded. A few patients were selected for further curative radiotherapy.

Results: Common symptoms were pain (86.7%) and dysphagia (50%). Two-third of patients with pain and dysphagia, and about 90% patients with dyspnoea and insomnia had more than 75% symptom relief. An objective response rate of 70% and disease progression of 13.3% were observed. Acute radiation toxicities were acceptable with no grade 3 or 4 toxicities. It was observed that 46.3% of patients had mucositis, 13.3% had dysphagia, and 6.7 % had hoarseness and dermatitis each.

Conclusion: Palliative radiotherapy is a suitable modality of treatment for patients with advanced HNSCC for symptom relief and tumour control, with acceptable toxicity.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Non-Functioning Kidney Associated with Staghorn Calculi: Uncommon Presentation of Common Malignancy
Authors: Bastakoti Shankar , Lamichhane Nirmal
Published: October 2020

Cancers of the kidney account for 2% of all the total human cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of renal pelvis is a rare neoplasm, accounting for only 0.5 to 0.8% of malignant renal tumors. In most cases, renal SCC is associated with chronic infections, chronic renal calculi, radiotherapy or any factor that can irritate the urothelium. We report a female patient aged 60 years diagnosed with Right Non-functioning Kidney with Nephrolithiasis with Suspicious Mass. Histopathological diagnosis with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Stage III with Staghorn Calculi. In long standing urolithiasis, possibility of concomitant harboring of malignancy needs to be taken into consideration.
The Prognostic Ability of Staging System in Men with Penile Cancer: An Analysis of SEER Database
Authors: Jalan Aditya , Kanodia Ravi , Gurung Sarita Rana , Malhotra Rajeev Kumar , Nepal Umesh , Pokhrel Gyan Prasad , Lamichhane Nirmal
Published: October 2020

Background: Penile cancer is now a rare condition. The low incidence of the disease makes a valid estimation of its prognosis difficult. In this study, we made an attempt and propose a nomogram to develop a prognostic rule that could predict the Cancer-Specific Mortality (CSM) free rates in patients with primary penile squalors cell carcinoma of the penis (PPSCC).Methods: This study included 1304 patients diagnosed with PPSCC between the years 2004 & 2011 and treated with penile tumor excision. Subjects were staged as per Surveillance, Epidemiology & End Results stage (SEER), American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), TNM classification and tumor grade (TG). CSM free rates were determined. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model was used to test the prediction of the CSM free rate. The predictive rule accuracy was created using the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results: The clinico-pathological profile depicts a mean age of 64.66 ± 14.38 yrs. The most common primary site involved was glans penis (n= 483, 37%) and the disease was most commonly diagnosed at AJCC stage I (n= 670, 51.4%) disease. The cumulative 5-year CSM free rates according to Fine & Gray, & Kaplan-Meier methods were 81.8% and 79.8%, respectively. The predictive accuracy as per SEER stage, AJCC stage, TNM stage alone were 68.8%, 70.3%, 72.3%, respectively. When TG was combined, the predictive accuracy increased to 72.8%, 73.1%, and 75.0%, respectively. TNM stage with TG was most accurate in predicting CSM free rate compared to other models.

Conclusions: TNM stage with TG and AJCC stage with TG appear to have comparable accuracy to predict the CSM free rate in patients with PPSCC, the TNM stage with TG is the most accurate (75%) method to predict the CSM free rates. The addition of the TG variable improved the accuracy of these prognostic models.
Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Non - Dermatophytic Fungi Causing Onychomycosis
Authors: Kaushal Apurva , Gahalaut Pratik , Goyal R K , Agarwal Neni , Mishra Nitin , Rastogi Madhur Kant
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Non-dermatophytic molds (NDM) are filamentous fungi or yeast, commonly found in nature as saprophytes and plant pathogens. The incidence of onychomycosis due to NDM is 1.45 – 16.6%. NDMs are usually resistant to conventional antifungal treatment.

Objective: To know the anti-fungal susceptibility pattern of non-dermatophyte fungi causing onychomycosis. 

Materials and Methods: A prospective hospital based cross-sectional study was done on non - dermatophytic isolates from patients with clinical suspicion of onychomycosis. All non – dermatophytic isolates were subjected to anti-fungal susceptibility against terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole and griseofulvin by micro broth dilution method. 

Results: NDM were isolated in 20.2% cases of clinically suspected onychomycosis, among which Fusarium species was the most common followed by Aspergillus species and Candida species. MIC50 (Mean Inhibitory Concentration) for overall non - dermatophytic isolates for terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole and griseofulvin was 0.25μg/mL, 0.5μg/mL, 32μg/mL and 2μg/mL respectively and the order of sensitivity was Itraconazole (74.7%) > terbinafine (68%) > Fluconazole (60%) > Griseofulvin (51.6%) of the study samples. For Fusarium species, the  sensitivity for terbinafine was (73.5%) > itraconazole (67.6%) > fluconazole (64.7%) and griseofulvin (64.7%). For Aspergillus species, the sensitivity for itraconazole was 79.1% > fluconazole (58.3%) > terbinafine (54.1%) > griseofulvin (50%). For Candida species, the sensitivity was fluconazole (83.3%) > itraconazole (75%) > terbinafine (41.6%), while no candida species was found sensitive to griseofulvin. 

Conclusion: Non-dermatophytes play a significant role in onychomycosis. On in vitro estimation, Itraconazole was the most sensitive drug, followed by terbinafine, fluconazole and griseofulvin.
Social, cultural and working conditions determinants of fatal and non-fatal occupational accidents in Europe
Authors: Coelho Denis A.
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY: The determinants of occupational accidents from a social, cultural and a working condi-tions combined perspective are unveiled considering the level of analysis of the European nation. Fatal and non-fatal work accidents in 2014, collected and provided by Eurostat, are correlated with country by country results of the 7th European Social Survey (ESS) (2014 data). This informs on social deter-minants of work accidents. National Dimensions of Culture proposed by Gert Hofstede are correlated with country by country results of the ESS informing on cultural determinants of the European Social Dimensions reported on the ESS. Moreover, considering data from the 6th European Working Condi-tions Survey (2015 data), working conditions, on a country by country basis as well, are further consid-ered and analyzed from the perspective of fatal and non-fatal accidents and from the perspective of social and cultural dimensions. This multiple pronged study of association unveils interesting associa-tions between fatal and non-fatal work accidents and working conditions, as well as between fatal and non-fatal work accidents and social and cultural dimensions, and, between social and cultural dimen-sions and working conditions, taking the European country as a unit of analysis. The findings shed light on the interconnectedness of the distinct domains under study, as well as informing policy development towards creating tailor made approaches suiting each country reality within the countries encompassed in the analysis.
Poimanje distanazije i transhumanizma iz perspektive sestrinske profesije
Authors: Terezija Terezija , Singbo Odilon–Gbènoukpo , Čartolovni Anto
Published: October 2020

Rad prezentira rezultate istraživanja o stavovima studenata preddiplomskoga studija sestrinstva na Hrvatskom katoličkom sveučilištu o praksi produženja života, o terapijskoj upornosti, tj. o distanaziji i o utjecaju transhumanističkih ideja na čovjekov život i na njihovu (buduću) sestrinsku profesiju. Istraživanje obuhvaća i stavove o smrti te o samom produljivanju ljudskoga života. Na temelju rezultata autori zaključuju da postoje razlike u stavovima i u poznavanju pojmova, koje su uglavnom povezane s radnim iskustvom i vrstom studija.
The (In)Visibility of Value
Authors: Kumar Tarai Ashoka
Published: October 2020

Akeel Bilgrami (2016) has argued against the scientistic method and its treatment of ethical values by declaring it a superstition of science for not considering values to be part of nature. This paper agrees with the concept of the engaged self discussed by Bilgrami in order to make sense of ethical values. However, it attempts to argue against the conceptual incoherence by juxtaposing value properties and the engaged self. The incoherence can be avoided by following a Wittgensteinian understanding of ethical values which has been explicated very briefly, yet in a significant way, in Tractatus Logico–Philosophicus and also in A Lecture on Ethics in some detail.
Navigating Government Disability Programs across Canada
Authors: Finlay Brittany , Dunn Stephanie , Zwicker Jennifer D.
Published: October 2020

Effective and accessible disability programs are essential to supporting Canadians with disabilities and achieving Canada’s commitment to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The limited availability of centralized data on disability programs in Canada makes it difficult to understand, let alone evaluate, existing programs. To address this issue, we used government publications to create a database that compiles expenditure data, caseload data, and information about disability programs for each Canadian province from fiscal year 1999/00 to 2017/18, where available. We discuss the value of these data by presenting preliminary analyses. We also detail limitations associated with our database and highlight areas for future study.
Estrogen Use and Breast Cancer Increases
Authors: Grant Ellen C G , Grant Ellen C G
Published: October 2020

The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials 24-year follow-up
study found increases in breast cancer and mortality with combined
progestin/estrogen hormone therapy (HT) but reduced risks with
estrogen-only HT [1]. The latter finding is dubious especially as HT use
seems to be unknown during the long follow-up period [1].
Estudo retrospectivo e transversal dos casos de doença de Chagas aguda no Brasil de 2007 a 2018
Authors: Farias Marcia Paula Oliveira Farias
Published: October 2020

Chagas disease is a neglected disease that is endemic in 21 countries in South America. In Brazil, chronic cases currently predominate, however, outbreaks of acute cases have occurred with considerable frequency. It is caused by a flagellated protozoan called Trypanosoma cruzi and has as vector the triatomine popularly known as barber. The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the cases of acute chagas disease registered in the country between 2007 and 2018. The work was developed through direct research to the data available on the platform of the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The study variables considered were the types of transmission, which can be classified as Ign/white, transfusional, vectorial, vertical, accidental, oral or other. The data were tabulated according to the number of cases and the corresponding percentage, using the Word and Excel programs, respectively. As a result, of the 2.646 total cases, the majority prevalence of the Northern Region of Brazil was obtained, with a total of 2.505 cases of acute chagas disease, corresponding to 94,67% of the Brazilian cases. After, there is the Northeast region, with 96 confirmed cases (3,63%). In the third position is the Midwest region, with 34 cases (1,28%), followed by the Southeast region, with 7 cases (0,26%) and the South, with only 4 registered cases corresponding to 0,15%. The study pointed out that, although the vector route is the most popularly known, there was a considerable increase in the oral transmission of the disease, a fact that can be explained by the eating habits of consumption of tropical fruits and juices, such as açaí and sugarcane juice. This indicates that measures should be taken, such as greater rigor in food surveillance, in addition to vector control. In addition, the importance of the existence of a digital platform where the population can have access to public health data is ratified.
Aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da cetose em vacas leiteiras: Revisão
Authors: Delamura Bruno
Published: October 2020

The transition period in dairy cows has undoubted importance in determining the production cycle, since the period when the animals are susceptible to a wide variety of diseases. Among such diseases, denote a ketosis, a metabolic disease that accommodates high-producing dairy cows and results from an imbalance between the amount of dangerous chemicals during the production cycle and the chemical amounts present in the diet, resulting in the mobilization of corporate reserves for maintenance and milk production, exceeding or limiting hepatic metabolism and resulting in the accumulation of ketone bodies in the body. The diagnosis provides a means of measuring non-esterified fat (AGNES) without blood, milk or urine from affected animals. Solutions based on glucose or its precursors, such as propylene glycol and glucocorticoid therapy, can be used to treat the disease. The nutritional manual for dairy cows during the transition period and the dry period is of fundamental importance to prevent the occurrence of diseases in the milk banks. This review seeks to analyze the respect of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease, as well as its diagnosis, treatment and prevention, in view of the importance of the disease in dairy cattle.
Indicadores de lesão cardíaca associada a leishmaniose
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Eduardo
Published: October 2020

The leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis often fatal caused for the protozoan Leishmania spp., worldwide distributed. The main way of transmission is through the phlebotomine Lutzomyia spp., but there may be other forms of transmission, such as by transfusion blood. The parasite is capable of causing damage to various mammalian organs and, although not common, the disease can cause cardiocirculatory disorders, in which the animal will present common symptoms of heart disease, such as exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Thus, it is important to evaluate the cardiac system in cases of leishmaniasis, through chest radiography, electrocardiogram, cardiac troponin I and CK-MB concentration. So, the goal of this paper is to review the literature according to indicators of cardiac lesions associated with leishmaniasis.
Isolamento e identificação de microrganismos causadores de mastite clínica utilizando a placa AccuMast®
Authors: De Sousa Francielle , Pereira de Melo Alex , De Oliveira Amauri Marcelino , Silva Rabelo Michel , Freitas Ribeiro Laryssa
Published: October 2020

In the current world agricultural scenario, Brazilian dairy farming stands out as an emerging power, due to technological advances and economic importance. Throughout the dairy production chain, these advances are aimed at increasing production and the search for quality, highlighting the importance of studying microbiological cultures, thus enabling identification, growth potential, multiplication and related research on certain microorganisms that cause mastitis in the herd. The objective, therefore, is to show that bacteriological identification using AccuMast® plates enables better decision making in relation to the treatment of clinical mastitis. The work was carried out from January 2018 to October 2019, on a property in the city of Conquista - Minas Gerais, in the Triângulo Mineiro region. All cows with mastitis had their milk collected individually from each roof, and submitted to the black-bottomed mug test process. The samples were inoculated into AccuMast® plates, and the interpretation of the plate result is done by changing the color of the growth of pathogens in the culture medium. All results were evaluated monthly comparing the results with the previous ones. Assessing the reading of the plates and data, it was observed that 46.69% of animals that were diagnosed with clinical mastitis, by the dark-bottomed mug test, did not require treatment with antibiotics, as no pathogenic agent was identified. Furthermore, in the 53.31% of the remaining animals, highly contagious and rapidly disseminating microorganisms causing mastitis were identified, such as Streptococcus galactite, Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus. In short, the AccuMast® plate, allows the identification of the pathogenic agent, favoring the appropriate decision making regarding the use or not of treatment, and provides better elaboration of the antimicrobial therapy according to each pathogenic agent.
Efeito do tempo e da temperatura de armazenamento nos parâmetros hematológicos de cães hígidos
Authors: Libano de Souza Kamila
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of hematological parameters at different storage times and temperatures. Whole blood from 7 healthy dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) was used. The samples were divided into 2 aliquots of 2 mL stored in EDTA-K3 tubes, kept at room temperature at 22º C and refrigerated at 4º C, in the following time intervals T0h, T6h, T12h, T24h, T48h. The exams were performed in SDH-3 VET® hematology analyzer. The hematological variables were stable over time with the exception of red blood cells that underwent variation at T12h at room temperature and platelets that at T6h at room temperature and under refrigeration remained below the reference range. It is concluded that the samples of dogs analyzed by the impedance technology, more specifically by the labtest SDH-3 VET® equipment, were stable for 48 hours for red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and total leukocytes; however, the platelets should be performed with samples taken within 6 hours.
Two new Eucyclops species (Cyclopiformes: Cyclopidae) from Spain
Authors: Alekseev V.R.
Published: October 2020

Eucyclops miracleae sp. nov. from the Albufera Mediterranean lagoon, and Eucyclops romaniensis sp. nov. from a spring in the vicinity of Valencia, both from Spain, are described. These new species belong to the serrulatus group because of the structure of the antennula possessing a smooth hyaline plate on three distal segments and the antenna bearing a group of hair-like setae on the top of the anterior side of the antennal basis. The new species are clearly distinguishable from the type species of the genus, E. serrulatus (Fischer, 1851), by missing a gap between hair-like setae on the outer side of the P4 coxal spine. A key for Eucyclops species inhabiting surface and subterranean waters of Europe is given.
Being-for-itself and the Ontological Structure
Authors: Santoni Ronald E.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, I pay tribute to Jonathan Webber, one of the most dependable interpreters among recent Sartre scholars. I do so by challenging both him and Sartre on an issue that has long frustrated my work on Sartre. In short, Sartre contends that the For-itself’s desire to be (and to pursue) Being-in-itself-for-itself (i.e., God) is in bad faith. This raises two issues: (1) Is this desire to be ens causa sui part of the ontological structure of the For-itself? (2) If so, is bad faith an essential part of the human being? I contend that the desire to be the In-itself-for-itself is, on Sartre’s premises, part of the ontological structure of an existing human being (pour-soi). As our original flight from freedom and “fundamental project,” this constitutes bad faith’s “coming into the world,” and remains part of Being-for-itself’s “natural” disposition to bad faith.
Possibilidade da psicanálise no serviço de plantão psicológico
Authors: Ortolan Maria Lúcia Mantovanelli , Sei Maíra Bonafé , Bezerra Paulo Victor , Victrio Kawane Chudis
Published: October 2020

O plantão psicológico é um espaço de escuta e acolhimento da experiência do sujeito, a fim de clarificar sua demanda. Almeja-se aqui refletir sobre essa modalidade. A aproximação entre o plantão psicológico — uma modalidade de atendimento psicológico da pós-modernidade — e a psicanálise nas instituições interroga o atendimento de plantão como um dos tempos do tratamento psicanalítico: a retificação subjetiva. A terapêutica em plantão, com o auxílio de alguns dispositivos analíticos, tais como o convite à associação livre, pode possibilitar ao sujeito, para além de se queixar, também demandar, clarificando uma demanda de análise. Assim, o plantão apresenta-se como uma possibilidade de porta de entrada para uma análise psicanalítica.
Investigating Failure in Establishing Intimate Relationships: A Psychoanalytical Study of Ibsen's Hedda Gabler
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asif , Shaheen Aamer , Siddiqui Safia
Published: October 2020

Ibsen's play Hedda Gabler is full of psychological implications. It is a play in which Ibsen has dealt with the complexity of romantic relationships. The study relies on Freud's theory of the unconscious involving unconscious motives, repression, fear of intimacy, displacement, anxiety and neurosis. Many young characters in the play try to establish intimate relationships, but they fail in their effort. Most of the characters are suffering from the fear of intimacy. This leads to make an analysis of their unconscious motives and desires. The study finds that most of the characters in this play are controlled by their unconscious desire for having power over the people they want to be intimate with. This is why they fail to establish intimate relations with the important individuals in their life. The study offers an application of Freudian concepts to literature. It also helps in understanding causes for the failure of intimate relationships.
An Analysis of Students in Independent Learning of Analytic Geometry During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bilda Westi , Fadillah Ahmad
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyse the independence of students learning on the flat analytic geometry of the Covid-19. This research was conducted on students in the second semester with 72 resopondents consisting of 15 males and 52 females. Data retrieval is carried out using a self-sufficiency study poll as many as 20 items of statements that have been compiled based on learning independence indicators. The scale used in this study was the Likert scale. Data analysis to know the independence of learning students used descriptive analytical techniques with the ideal criteria namely the ideal mean and the ideal deviation standard. Based on data analysis obtained by the results of independence of learning with indicators: a self- confident is good enough (31.75%), the activeness is quite good (37.50%), discipline is good (52.10%), and responsibility is good (64.57%).
LATIHAN 1
Authors: Ningsih Lastri , Khairat Annisaul
Published: October 2020

DUSDKJSBFKDVZDSJFA 200 KATA
Modulation of Neural Networks by Interleukin-1
Authors: Nemeth Daniel P. , Quan Ning
Published: October 2020

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to modulate neuronal signaling in homeostasis and diseases. In homeostasis, IL-1 regulates sleep and memory formation, whereas in diseases, IL-1 impairs memory and alters affect. Interestingly, IL-1 can cause long-lasting changes in behavior, suggesting IL-1 can alter neuroplasticity. The neuroplastic effects of IL-1 are mediated via its cognate receptor, Interleukin-1 Type 1 Receptor (IL-1R1), and are dependent on the distribution and cell type(s) of IL-1R1 expression. Recent reports found that IL-1R1 expression is restricted to discrete subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells and suggest IL-1 can influence neural circuits directly through neuronal IL-1R1 or indirectly via non-neuronal IL-1R1. In this review, we analyzed multiple mechanisms by which IL-1/IL-1R1 signaling might impact neuroplasticity based upon the most up-to-date literature and provided potential explanations to clarify discrepant and confusing findings reported in the past.
Cognitive Impairment, P300, and Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Different Forms of Dementia
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Gomaa Asmaa M.S. , Ahmed Omyma G. , Sayed Hanaa M.M. , Gamea Ayman
Published: October 2020

Background: There are currently few biomarkers to assist in early diagnosis of dementias. Objective: To distinguish between different dementias: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) using simple neurophysiologic (P300) and laboratory markers (transforming growth factor β1 “TGF-β1”). Methods: The study included 15 patients for each type of dementia and 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Dementia patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition-revised (DSM-IV-R). Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), Memory Assessment Scale (MAS), P300, and TGF-β1 were examined for each participant. Results: There were no significant differences between groups as regard to age, sex, and education, social, and economic levels. Significant differences between groups were observed in registration and naming variables of the 3MS. Compared with the control group, P300 latency was prolonged in all groups, although to a greater extent in AD and PDD than in VaD. A serum level of TGF-β1 was significantly elevated in all groups but was significantly higher in AD and VaD than in PDD. 3MS tended to correlate with P300 more than TGF-β1, and to be stronger in AD than the other groups. Conclusion: Measurements of P300 latency and serum levels of TGF-β1 can help distinguish AD, PDD, and VaD. P300 was more prolonged in AD and PDD than VaD whereas TGF-β1 was significantly higher in AD and VaD than PDD. Thus P300 and TGF-β1 may be useful biomarkers for detection and evaluation of the extent of cognitive dysfunction.
2020–2021 Vegetable Production Handbook: Chapter 1. Commercial Vegetable Production in Florida
Authors: Freeman Josh H. , Dittmar Peter J. , Vallad Gary E
Published: October 2020

This introduction to the Vegetable Production Handbook includes web links to additional resources on vegetable production topics.
2020–2021 Vegetable Production Handbook: Chapter 9. Leafy Vegetable Production
Authors: Kanissery Ramdas , Raid Richard N. , Desaeger Johan , Beuzelin Julien , Miller Christian F. , Dittmar Peter
Published: October 2020

This chapter covers lettuce, endive, escarole, and spinach cultivation.