bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elastomeric microwell-based triboelectric nanogenerators by in situ simultaneous transfer-printing
Authors: Arief Injamamul , Zimmermann Philipp , Hait Sakrit , Park Hyeyoung , Ghosh Anik Kumar , Janke Andreas , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Nagel Jürgen , Heinrich Gert , Wießner Sven , Das Amit
Published: February 2022

An ultrastretchable triboelectric nanogenerator is developed by simultaneous transfer printing. The nanogenerator demonstrates all-in-one, self-powered touch, motion and force sensing that can function as artificial skin for soft robotic components.
Thiolate-assisted copper(i) catalyzed C–S cross coupling of thiols with aryl iodides: scope, kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Bakare Sneha Prasad , Patil Mahendra
Published: February 2022

The scope and mechanism of the C–S cross coupling of thiophenols with aryl iodides using a Cu(i) catalyst in a ligand-free environment is disclosed.
Incorporation of Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH during solid-phase peptide synthesis: a word of caution
Authors: Lam Pak-Lun , Wu Yue , Wong Ka-Leung
Published: February 2022

As a commercially available and orthogonally protected amino acid building block, Fmoc-Dab(Mtt)-OH showed abnormally poor coupling efficiency during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).
Design and synthesis of proton-dopable organic semiconductors
Authors: Yin Chenzhu , Mukaida Masakazu , Horike Shohei , Kirihara Kazuhiro , Yamane Shogo , Zhang Zhenya , Wei Qingshuo
Published: February 2022

The use of protonated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene moieties as an end group could be a promising approach to prepare organic conductors.
CO2-Assisted asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral allylamines
Authors: de Winter Tamara M. , Ho Jaddie , Alridge Christopher J. , Jessop Philip G.
Published: February 2022

CO2 can act as an in situ protecting group for the asymmetric hydrogenation of allylamines.
A reactivity model for oxidative addition to palladium enables quantitative predictions for catalytic cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Lu Jingru , Donnecke Sofia , Paci Irina , Leitch David C.
Published: February 2022

We report a quantitative model for oxidative addition reactivity in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling, which is broadly applicable to predict reactivity and selectivity for complex substrates from simple molecular descriptors.
Ultrahigh-stability SnOX (X = S, Se) nanotubes with a built-in electric field as a highly promising platform for sensing NH3, NO and NO2: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Zhao Renqiang , Luo Yao , Jiang Fan , Dai Yuxin , Ma Zengying , Zhong Junwen , Wu Peng , Zhou Tao , Huang Yucheng
Published: February 2022

Combining density functional theory calculations with non-equilibrium Green's-function-based simulations, we systematically investigated the sensing performance of novel ultrahigh-stability SnOX (X = S, Se) nanotubes toward NH3, NO, and NO2.
Nematic liquid crystals induce and amplify the circularly polarized luminescence of chiral TADF emitters
Authors: Zhu Yingyu , Chen Zhanxiang , Ying Ao , Gong Shaolong , Wang Tao , Yang Chuluo
Published: February 2022

High luminescence dissymmetry factors of +7.26 × 10−2 and −5.45 × 10−2 of chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters were obtained by co-assembly with achiral liquid crystal molecules.
Tunable luminescence in Pr3+ single-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramic and fibers
Authors: Sun Yongsheng , Wu Minbo , Tian Shuhang , Shi Zhenguo , Lun Zhenjie , Jiang Qingquan , Zhao Yajing , Chen Dongdan , Xiong Puxian , Yang Zhongmin
Published: February 2022

Tunable luminescence from red to white in Pr3+ single-doped oxyfluoride glass and glass ceramic.
New appreciation for an old pathway: the Lands Cycle moves into new arenas in health and disease
Authors: O'Donnell Valerie B.
Published: February 2022

The Lands Pathway is a fundamental biochemical process named for its discovery by William EM Lands and revealed in a series of seminal papers published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry between 1958–65. It describes the selective placement in phospholipids of acyl chains, by phospholipid acyltransferases. This pathway has formed a core component of our knowledge of phospholipid and also diglyceride metabolism in mammalian tissues for over 60 years now. Our understanding of how the Lands pathways are enzymatically mediated via large families of related gene products that display both substrate and tissue specificity has grown exponentially since. Recent studies building on this are starting to reveal key roles for the Lands pathway in specific scenarios, in particular inflammation, immunity and inflammation. This review will cover the Lands cycle from historical perspectives first, then present new information on how this important cycle forms a central regulatory node connecting fatty acyl and phospholipid metabolism and how its altered regulation may present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
Increasing Student Confidence With Medically Complex Infants Through Simulation: A Mixed Methods Investigation
Authors: Clinard Erin S.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare student knowledge and confidence, related to the assessment and management of oral feeding readiness in medically complex infants, following a written case study versus a high-fidelity human patient simulation (HPS).

Method:

A sequential, two-phase, embedded mixed methods design was conducted. Participants were two sequential cohorts of second-year speech-language pathology graduate students enrolled in a didactic Pediatric Dysphagia course. At the end of the course, students completed the same case scenario presented as a written case study (control group;
N
= 28) or as an HPS (experimental group;
N
= 24). Pre– and post–knowledge assessment results and self-assessments of confidence conducted at three time points were compared.

Results:

All students made gains in knowledge, regardless of intervention (written case study or HPS). Despite different baselines, the percent change in knowledge was significant with the control group improving 33% and the experimental group improving 76% from baseline. Students in the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater gains in confidence with skills enhanced by the hands-on, immersive experience of HPS. Qualitative analysis further identified factors contributing to increased confidence with all students reporting that experience significantly contributes to their confidence in their ability to treat patients.

Conclusions:

While knowledge outcomes were similar between the groups, the confidence that the experimental group gained through the hands-on experiences of HPS fosters student development as confident professionals in assessing feeding readiness and managing medically complex infants. Results support integration of simulation into the graduate curriculum to support student learning.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19233504
GA based energy efficiency resource allocation in heterogeneous networks with MRC
Authors: Qi Xiaomin , Khattak Shahid , Mustafa Syed Shahid , Khan Imdad
Published: February 2022

The energy efficiency (EE) resource allocation problem for downlink orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) of wireless communication is investigated in this article. A coordinated multipoint (CoMP) network consisting of a microcell and multiple picocells interconnected via a backhaul network is considered. The mathematical form of EE maximization is a fractional, mixed‐integer, nonlinear programming, and NP‐hard to solve. Genetic algorithm (GA) based scheme is developed for solving the formulated maximization problem. For GA based scheme, a normal GA is used for resource blocks (RBs) allocation and for the power distribution process, instead of transforming the fractional objective function into a parametric subtractive form, a multi‐objective optimization problem (MOOP) is formed and then non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is applied to tackle the MOOP. Finally, the simulation process is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and the results show that the performance of GA based scheme outperforms the benchmark scheme.
Efficient and secure communication scheme for OFDM system based on physical layer non‐reconciled keys
Authors: Song Xuanyan , Jin Liang , Huang Kaizhi , Xiao Shuaifang , Sun Xiaoli , Zhao Jianlei
Published: February 2022

The secure communication scheme based on physical layer non‐reconciled keys receives extensive attention due to its high encryption rate. However, the mismatched secret bit sequences between the two users leads to higher BER and lower coding efficiency for this type of scheme. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an efficient and secure communication scheme for OFDM system with non‐reconciled keys. Initially, an adaptive coding method is designed to encode information blocks with different code rates to improve the overall efficiency. Then, on this basis, a sorting xor encryption algorithm is designed to reduce the bit error rate by sorting the channel estimation value and mapping them to corresponding sub‐channels. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that this scheme can effectively reduce the bit error rate and improve the efficiency of information coding compared to the existing method.
Breakthrough at the NIF paves the way to inertial fusion energy
Authors: Atzeni S. , Batani D. , Danson C.N. , Gizzi L. A. , Le Pape S. , Miquel J-L. , Perlado M. , Scott R.H.H. , Tatarakis M. , Tikhonchuk V. , Volpe L.
Published: February 2022

In August 2021, at the National Ignition Facility of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the USA, a 1.35 MJ fusion yield was obtained. It is a demonstration of the validity of the Inertial Confinement Fusion approach to achieve energy-efficient thermonuclear fusion in the laboratory. It is a historical milestone that the scientific community has achieved after decades of efforts.
Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants
Authors: Hoste Hervé , Meza-OCampos Griselda , Marchand Sarah , Sotiraki Smaragda , Sarasti Katerina , Blomstrand Berit M. , Williams Andrew R. , Thamsborg Stig M. , Athanasiadou Spiridoula , Enemark Heidi L. , Torres Acosta Juan Felipe , Mancilla-Montelongo Gabriella , Castro Carlos Sandoval , Costa-Junior Livio M. , Louvandini Helder , Sousa Dauana Mesquita , Salminen Juha-Pekka , Karonen Maarit , Engstrom Marika , Charlier Johannes , Niderkorn Vincent , Morgan Eric R.
Published: February 2022

Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presentsin vitroandin vivoresults obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the “proof of concept” for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use.
Pratiques psychomotrices en psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent
Authors: Joly Fabien
Published: February 2022

En guise d’introduction « argumentaire » à ce dossier sur «les pratiques psychomotrices en psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent», il nous a semblé essentiel de présenterle paradigme psychomoteuret sa valeur dans le champ pédopsychiatrique autant que psychopathologique actuel. Les enjeux de l’identité psychomotrice « corporatiste » (historique et épistémologique), du nouage psychomoteur (vie durant et entre corps et psyché), de la singularité du développement psychomoteur et du modèle complexe qu’il propose, de la diversité enfin et de la spécificité des thérapeutiques psychomotrices et de nombre de praxis à médiations corporelles qui s’offrent aux équipes de santé mentale et aux pédopsychiatres prescripteurs. Ces quelques rappels démontrant la valeur de cet enjeu psychomoteur en pédopsychiatrie ?
Prävention von COVID-19
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Rohner Markus , Bornstein Stefan R. , Schwarz Peter E. H.
Published: February 2022

Ein Großteil der Menschen, die an einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion versterben, sind Diabetiker. Ein noch größerer Anteil der COVID-19-Verstorbenen nach einem Impfdurchbruch sind Diabetiker. Es scheint so zu sein, dass die Co-Inzidenz von Diabetes sowie metabolischem Syndrom und der COVID-19-Erkrankung ein entscheidender Trigger für Morbidität und auch Mortalität der Diabetes-COVID-19-Patienten darstellt. Im Umkehrschluss kann eine Reduktion der Risikofaktoren für Diabetes und metabolisches Syndrom eine COVID-19-Erkrankung vorbeugen, aber auch im Verlauf und vor allem bei Long-COVID und Post-COVID positive Effekte auf die Morbidität der Patienten haben. Letztendlich sind Maßnahmen zur Prävention eines Diabetes, und insbesondere die mit einer antientzündlichen Komponente, auch Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Morbidität und Mortalität einer COVID-19-Erkrankung.
The Role of Transanal Endoscopic Surgery for Early Rectal Cancer
Authors: Berger Natalie F. , Sylla Patricia
Published: February 2022

Transanal endoscopic surgery (TES), which is performed through a variety of transanal endoluminal multitasking surgical platforms, was developed to facilitate endoscopic en bloc excision of rectal lesions as a minimally invasive alternative to radical proctectomy. Although the oncologic safety of TES in the treatment of malignant rectal tumors has been an area of vigorous controversy over the past two decades, TES is currently accepted as an oncologically safe approach for the treatment of carefully selected early and superficial rectal cancers. TES can also serve as both a diagnostic and potentially curative treatment of partially resected unsuspected malignant polyps. In this article, indications and contraindications for transanal endoscopic excision of early rectal cancer lesions are reviewed, as well as selection criteria for the most appropriate transanal excisional approach. Preoperative preparation and surgical technique for complications of TES will be reviewed, as well as recommended surveillance and management of upstaged tumors.
Transanal Local Excision of Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Is There a Place for It or Should Be Avoided at All Costs?
Authors: Perez Rodrigo Oliva , Julião Guilherme Pagin São , Vailati Bruna Borba
Published: February 2022

Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) with tumor downsizing and downstaging has significantly impacted the number of patients considered to be appropriate candidates for transanal local excision (TLE). Some patients may harbor small residual lesions, restricted to the bowel wall. These patients, who exhibit major response (“near-complete”) by digital rectal examination, endoscopic assessment, and radiological assessment may be considered for this approach. Although TLE is associated with minimal postoperative morbidity, a few clinical consequences and oncological outcomes must be evaluated in advance and with caution. In the setting of nCRT, a higher risk for clinically relevant wound dehiscences leading to a considerable risk for readmission for pain management has been observed. Worse anorectal function (still better than after total mesorectal excision [TME]), worsening in the quality of TME specimen, and higher rates of abdominal resections (in cases requiring completion TME) have been reported. The exuberant scar observed in the area of TLE also represents a challenging finding during follow-up of these patients. Local excision should be probably restricted for patients with primary tumors located at or below the level of the anorectal ring (magnetic resonance defined). These patients are otherwise candidates for abdominal perineal resections or ultra-low anterior resections with coloanal anastomosis frequently requiring definitive stomas or considerably poor anorectal function.
Frauen in der Medizin: Ausnahme-Medizinerin, Vorzeigefrau und Netzwerkerin
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Unikarriere und Kind unter einen Hut bekommen? So manch eine Frau fragt sich, wie sie diesen Spagat hinbekommen soll. Professorin Martina Müller-Schilling hat es geschafft und unterstützt heute junge Frauen. Deutschlands erste Ordinaria für Gastroenterologie leitet etwa 45 Medizinerinnen und Mediziner und weiß, dass es als Frau ungleich schwerer ist, Karriere zu machen – vor allem in der Medizin.
Development of the Three-Clinic Hearing Aid Selection Profile (HASP)
Authors: Jacobson Gary P. , Newman Craig W. , Fabry David A. , Sandridge Sharon A.
Published: February 2022

The Three-Clinic Hearing Aid Selection Profile (HASP) was developed to assess a patient's beliefs about a number of basic considerations felt to be critical to the hearing aid selection (HAS) process. These characteristics are felt to be key to the acceptance of amplification and include motivation, expectations, cost of goods and services, appearance (cosmesis), attitudes about technology, physical function/limitations, communication needs, and lifestyle. The results of the first investigation suggest that we have been successful in developing a 40–item metric with adequate internal consistency reliability that assesses the aforementioned characteristics. Second, results of the administration of this tool to a large group of individuals indicated that (1) age impacted scores on the Technology, Physical Function, and Communicative Needs subscales; (2) gender impacted scores on the Motivation, Expectation, Technology, Communicative Needs, and Appearance subscales; (3) previous hearing aid use affected scores on the Motivation subscale; (4) level of education impacted scores on the Physical Function and Lifestyle subscales; and (5) self-perceived hearing handicap had an effect on Motivation and Communicative Needs subscale scores. Percentile data collected from this subject sample are presented as a benchmark against which to evaluate responses from individual patients. Case studies are presented to illustrate the potential clinical utility of this device.

Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, CIC = completely in the canal, COSI = Client Oriented Scale of Improvement, DSP = digital signal processing, HAS = hearing aid selection, HASP = Hearing Aid Selection Profile, HHIA = Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, HHIE = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly
Estimating the Location of Probe Microphones Relative to the Tympanic Membrane
Authors: Storey Lydia , Dillon Harvey
Published: February 2022

This experiment investigated the accuracy with which the location of a probe tip relative to the tympanic membrane can be estimated by means of standing waves. The ear canal length of each ear of six adult subjects was measured with a probe tube using a tactile method. A 6–kHz warble tone was then generated, and the position of the standing wave notch in the ear canal was determined using a probe microphone by noting the place where the sound pressure level was at a minimum. The distance of the notch from the tympanic membrane was then calculated. The mean distance of the notch from the tympanic membrane was found to be 14.1 mm. It was concluded that this technique is reliable and suitable for clinical use when it is important that the probe tube be placed within a known distance of the eardrum for accurate measurement of real-ear aided gain.

Abbreviations: REAG = real-ear aided gain
Characteristics of patients aged 50–74 years with a request for an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in the Australian general practice setting
Authors: Pollack Allan , Busingye Doreen , Thistlethwaite Jill , Blogg Suzanne , Chidwick Kendal
Published: February 2022

Objective To support improving participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP), we aimed to identify Medicare-subsidised test requests for immunochemical faecal occult blood tests (FOBT) in Australian general practice for patients aged 50–74 years, eligible for the NBCSP, and describe sociodemographics, risk factors, indications and outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using de-identified data from 441 Australian general practice sites in the MedicineInsight database, recorded from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. Results Of the 683 625 eligible patients, 45 771 (6.7%) had a record of a general practitioner (GP)-requested FOBT, either to aid diagnosis in symptomatic patients, or for screening; 144 986 (21.2%) patients had only an NBCSP FOBT. A diagnosis of polyps, gastrointestinal inflammatory condition or haemorrhoids, or a referral to a gastroenterologist or general surgeon, was more commonly recorded in the 6 months after a GP-requested FOBT than after an NBCSP FOBT. Uptake of NBCSP FOBTs was lower among those with obesity, high alcohol consumption and current smokers, who are at higher risk of bowel cancer. Conclusions This study describes the patient characteristics, reasons and outcomes associated with GP-requested FOBTs, identifies under-screened population sub-groups, and suggests involvement of GPs to improve participation in the NBCSP.
Interaction history as a source of compositionality in emergent communication
Authors: Korbak Tomasz , Zubek Julian , Kuciński Łukasz , Miłoś Piotr , Rączaszek-Leonardi Joanna
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we explore interaction history as a particular source of pressure for achieving emergent
compositional communication in multi-agent systems. We propose a training regime implementing template transfer, the idea of
carrying over learned biases across contexts. In the presented method, a sender-receiver dyad is first trained with a disentangled
pair of objectives, and then the receiver is transferred to train a new sender with a standard objective. Unlike other methods
(e.g. the obverter algorithm), the template transfer approach does not require imposing inductive biases on the architecture of
the agents. We experimentally show the emergence of compositional communication using topographical similarity, zero-shot
generalization and context-independence as evaluation metrics. The presented approach is connected to an important line of work in
semiotics and developmental psycholinguistics: it supports a conjecture that compositional communication is scaffolded on simpler
communication protocols.
La voz como reacción emocional
Authors: Padilla Xose A.
Published: February 2022

Abstracta

Nuestra habilidad para entender las emociones de los demás en el habla es clave para conseguir una interacción
social exitosa. Estudios procedentes de varias disciplinas apuntan que la prosodia es un elemento fundamental para que este éxito
se produzca. Partiendo de la premisa de que la emoción es principalmente una reacción o respuesta a un estímulo previo, en este
trabajo hemos analizado si es posible establecer una relación entre el enunciado que provoca la reacción emocional (detonador) y
la respuesta emocional propiamente dicha, observando el comportamiento de las magnitudes acústicas (F0, dB y VEL) en el marco de
la conversación coloquial. Para ello hemos llevado a cabo dos tipos de análisis: (a) la reacción sintagmática, entendida como la
reacción a lo anterior (sea a la intervención de un hablante previo o sea a la parte no emocional de la intervención de un mismo
hablante); y (b) la reacción paradigmática, esto es, qué sucede con los parámetros acústicos mencionados si son cotejados con el
registro medio del hablante (F0, dB, VEL). Los resultados del análisis acústico-estadístico señalan que hay regularidad y
direccionalidad manifiestas en el comportamiento de la F0 en las relaciones sintagmáticas. Esta regularidad, sin embargo, no es
extrapolable a las otras dos magnitudes, ni a las reacciones paradigmáticas.
Fast-timing lifetime measurements of the 33/2+ and 25/2− states in 189Hg: oblate excitations
Authors: Zheng Y , Li C B , Wu X G , Ma H L , Zhu L H , Li T X , Huang Z Y , Chen H , He C Y , Fan Q W , Li G S , Chen Q M , Zhong J , Hu S P , Li H W , Wang J L , Liu J J , Wu Y H , Luo P W
Published: February 2022

The lifetimes of the I

π
= 33/2+ and I

π
= 25/2− states with E

x
= 2674.6 keV and E

x
= 1917.3 keV, respectively, in 189Hg have been determined by using the fast-timing techniques with the HPGe and LaBr3:Ce array via the 175Lu(19F, 5n)189Hg reaction at a beam energy of 100 MeV. The deduced B(E2) strengths have been discussed in relation to the systematics of the previously reported B(E2) strengths in the heavy mercury isotopes. The transition quadrupole moments Q

t
are derived from present experimental data. The Q

t
values together with the excitation energies of the (+, 0)(+, 1/2) and (+, 0)(−, 1/2) bands are interpreted in terms of the Nilsson–Strutinsky–Bogoliubov model (CNSB) calculations suggesting oblate excitations in 189Hg.
Analytical considerations for optimal axion haloscope design
Authors: Jeong Junu , Youn SungWoo , Bae Sungjae , Kim Dongok , Kim Younggeun , Semertzidis Yannis K
Published: February 2022

The cavity haloscope provides a highly sensitive method to search for dark matter axions in the microwave regime. Experimental attempts to enhance the sensitivity have focused on improving major aspects, such as producing strong magnetic fields, increasing cavity quality factors, and achieving lowest possible noise temperatures. Minor details, however, also need to be carefully considered in realistic experimental designs. They are associated with non-uniform magnetic fields over the detection volume, noise propagation under attenuation and temperature gradients, and thermal disequilibrium in the cavity system. We take analytical approaches to these topics and offer optimal treatments for improved performance.
Modelling drying pathways of an evaporating soft matter droplet
Authors: Du Guangle , Ye Fangfu , Luo Hao , Jing Guangyin , Doi Masao , Meng Fanlong
Published: February 2022

Micro-droplets of soft matter solutions have different morphologies upon drying, and can become wrinkled, buckled or cavitated particles. We investigate the morphology evolution of a drying soft matter droplet in this work: at the early stage of drying, wrinkling or cavitation instability can occur in the droplet, depending on the comparison between the critical wrinkling and cavitation pressure; at a later stage of drying, no wrinkles will appear if cavitation happens first, while cavitation can still occur if wrinkling happens first. A three-dimensional phase diagram in the space of elastic length, gel layer thickness and weight loss is provided to illustrate the drying pathways of a soft matter droplet. This diagram can help guide future fabrications of micro-particles with desired morphologies.
The Astrometric Performance Test of 80 cm Telescope at Yaoan Station and Precise CCD Positions of Apophis
Authors: Guo Bifeng , Peng Qingyu , Chen Ying , Zheng Zhongjie , Shang Yijia , Li Dan , Chen Xiao
Published: February 2022

The 80 cm azimuthal telescope has newly been mounted at Yaoan Station, Purple Mountain Observatory since 2018. The astrometric performance of the telescope is tested in the following three aspects. (a) The geometric distortion of its CCD attached. It is stable in both a single epoch and multi epochs. Eight distortion solutions are derived over about one year. The maximum values range from 0.75 to 0.79 pixel and the median values range from 0.14 to 0.16 pixel. (b) The limit magnitude of stars. About 20.5 mag (Gaia-G) stars can be detected with Johnson-V filter exposured in 300 s. The astrometric error of about 20.5 mag stars is estimated at 0.″14 using the fitted sigmoidal function. (c) The astrometric accuracy and the precision of stacked fast-moving faint object. 24 stacked frames of the potentially hazardous asteroid (99942) Apophis were derived on 2021 April 14 and 15 (fainter than 18 mag) based on the ephemeris shifts. During data reduction, the newest Gaia EDR3 Catalog and Jet Propulsion Laboratory Horizons ephemeris are referenced as theoretical positions of stars and Apophis, respectively. Our results show that the mean (O − C)s (observed minus computed) of Apophis are −0.″018 and 0.″020 in R.A. and decl., and the dispersions are estimated at 0.″094 and 0.″085, respectively, which show the consistency of the stacked results by Astrometrica.
Dynamics of ultralow-q plasmas in the RFX-mod device
Authors: Zuin M. , Agostini M. , Auriemma F. , Bonfiglio D. , Cappello S. , Carraro L. , Cavazzana R. , Cordaro L. , Franz P. , Marrelli L. , Martines E. , Puiatti M.E. , Piovan R. , Spizzo G. , Terranova D. , Vianello N. , Zanca P. , Zaniol B. , Zanotto L.
Published: February 2022

The results are presented of an experimental activity performed in the RFX-mod device aimed at characterizing plasma dynamics in the so-called Ultralow-q (ULq) magnetic configuration, which corresponds to edge safety factor values below 1. The role of the edge safety factor in determining plasma dynamics is studied. In particular, a characterization of MHD activity is performed. The results of dedicated non-linear 3D visco-resistive MHD simulations are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental observations. In particular, the predicted tendency for ULq plasmas to be characterized by magnetic spectra dominated by a single mode (either a kink or a double resonant internal mode) is confirmed by experiment. Magnetic reconnection plays a relevant role in determining the dynamics of the magnetic topology. Both almost quiescent and largely fluctuating plasmas are observed with a strong sensitivity on the edge safety factor. The main MHD properties of the ULq are compared to those of RFP and tokamak discharges, also produced in the RFX-mod device. MHD modes exhibit toroidal rotation at a frequency depending on mode amplitude. Differently from what encountered in RFP plasmas at comparable current levels, no wall locking is detected.
Long afterglow in liquid Xe and Ar detectors
Authors: Pereverzev S.
Published: February 2022

As the field of application of noble elements detectors is expanding, it is becoming important to understand effects related to the presence of impurities. Here we present several examples of known energetic long-living molecules which can be produced in detectors under the action of ionizing radiation and UV light.
Development of 200 MeV linac for the SKIF light source injector
Authors: Andrianov A. , Arsentyeva M. , Barnyakov A. , Chekmenev D. , Levichev A. , Meshkov O. , Nikiforov D. , Pavlov O. , Pivovarov I. , Samoylov S. , Volkov V.
Published: February 2022

The new fourth-generation synchrotron light source SKIF is
under development in Novosibirsk, Russia. It consists of a 3 GeV
electron storage ring with extremely low emittance, a booster
synchrotron, and a linear accelerator. The paper discusses essential
aspects of the design of the 200 MeV linear accelerator for SKIF,
its main characteristics, and parameters in different operation
modes. Description of the linac systems is presented.
Elucidating the present-day chemical composition, seasonality and source regions of climate-relevant aerosols across the Arctic land surface
Authors: Moschos Vaios , Schmale Julia , Aas Wenche , Becagli Silvia , Calzolai Giulia , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Moffett Claire E , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Severi Mirko , Sharma Sangeeta , Skov Henrik , Vestenius Mika , Zhang Wendy , Hakola Hannele , Hellén Heidi , Huang Lin , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Massling Andreas , Nøjgaard Jakob K , Petäjä Tuukka , Popovicheva Olga , Sheesley Rebecca J , Traversi Rita , Yttri Karl Espen , Prévôt André S H , Baltensperger Urs , El Haddad Imad
Published: February 2022

The Arctic is warming two to three times faster than the global average, and the role of aerosols is not well constrained. Aerosol number concentrations can be very low in remote environments, rendering local cloud radiative properties highly sensitive to available aerosol. The composition and sources of the climate-relevant aerosols, affecting Arctic cloud formation and altering their microphysics, remain largely elusive due to a lack of harmonized concurrent multi-component, multi-site, and multi-season observations. Here, we present a dataset on the overall chemical composition and seasonal variability of the Arctic total particulate matter (with a size cut at 10 μm, PM10, or without any size cut) at eight observatories representing all Arctic sectors. Our holistic observational approach includes the Russian Arctic, a significant emission source area with less dedicated aerosol monitoring, and extends beyond the more traditionally studied summer period and black carbon/sulfate or fine-mode pollutants. The major airborne Arctic PM components in terms of dry mass are sea salt, secondary (non-sea-salt, nss) sulfate, and organic aerosol (OA), with minor contributions from elemental carbon (EC) and ammonium. We observe substantial spatiotemporal variability in component ratios, such as EC/OA, ammonium/nss-sulfate and OA/nss-sulfate, and fractional contributions to PM. When combined with component-specific back-trajectory analysis to identify marine or terrestrial origins, as well as the companion study by Moschos et al 2022 Nat. Geosci. focusing on OA, the composition analysis provides policy-guiding observational insights into sector-based differences in natural and anthropogenic Arctic aerosol sources. In this regard, we first reveal major source regions of inner-Arctic sea salt, biogenic sulfate, and natural organics, and highlight an underappreciated wintertime source of primary carbonaceous aerosols (EC and OA) in West Siberia, potentially associated with the oil and gas sector. The presented dataset can assist in reducing uncertainties in modelling pan-Arctic aerosol-climate interactions, as the major contributors to yearly aerosol mass can be constrained. These models can then be used to predict the future evolution of individual inner-Arctic atmospheric PM components in light of current and emerging pollution mitigation measures and improved region-specific emission inventories.
Development of cellulose acetate membrane performance by carboxylate multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fadl E , Noumir H , Morsy A , Kandil S , Ebrahim Sh , Khalil M M A
Published: February 2022

Nanocomposite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were developed using cellulose acetate (CA) and various amounts of the carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) via phase inversion procedure. The prepared membranes were investigated by Raman and infrared spectroscopies, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and water contact angle measurement to deduce the structural, morphological, and hydrophilic properties. The incorporation of CMWCNTs improved the performance and the hydrophilicity of the CA-RO membranes. AFM images of pure CA-RO and modified CA-RO membranes with 0.059 wt% CMWCNTs revealed that the surface roughness values were 202 nm and 7.04 nm, respectively. The salt rejection and the permeate water flux of the membranes were measured at a high salt concentration of 10,000 ppm and high salinity of 35,000 ppm NaCl solution using the cross-flow technique. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes at the optimum addition of CMWCNTs (0.059 wt%) produced the highest salt rejection of 98.5%, and permeate water flux value of 5.85 l m−2h−1. At higher CMWCNTs concentrations (0.177 wt%), the salt rejection was declined to 76%.
Production and properties of a laccase isozyme (FvLcc3) from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, which is undetectable under the culture condition for fruiting body formation
Authors: Cesur Aylin , Nada Yuya , Asada Yasuhiko , Watanabe Akira
Published: February 2022

Extracellular laccase isozyme (FvLcc3) from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes was found to be undetectable under the culture condition for fruiting body formation. FvLcc3 was purified and determined to be an approximately 53-kDa monomeric protein. FvLcc3 showed the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) toward 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) followed by 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and guaiacol and did not oxidize 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine.
Phitest for analyzing the homogeneity of single-cell populations
Authors: Li Wei Vivian
Published: February 2022

Motivation

Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies facilitate the characterization of transcriptomic landscapes in diverse species, tissues and cell types with unprecedented molecular resolution. In order to better understand animal development, physiology, and pathology, unsupervised clustering analysis is often used to identify relevant cell populations. Although considerable progress has been made in terms of clustering algorithms in recent years, it remains challenging to evaluate the quality of the inferred single-cell clusters, which can greatly impact downstream analysis and interpretation.

Results

We propose a bioinformatics tool named Phitest to analyze the homogeneity of single-cell populations. Phitest is able to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations, providing an objective and automatic method to optimize the performance of single-cell clustering analysis.

Availability and implementation

The PhitestR package is freely available on both Github (https://github.com/Vivianstats/PhitestR) and the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). There is no new genomic data associated with this article. Published data used in the analysis are described in detail in the Supplementary Data.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
390 Assessing the Standard of Operative Notes Within a Vascular Surgery Department: An Audit Cycle
Authors: Lim K.H. , Wong P.F.
Published: February 2022

Aim

Both the General Medical Council and Royal College of Surgeons of England’s (RCSEng) ‘Good Surgical Practice’ state that all clinical documentation must be recorded clearly, accurately, and legibly. The operative note is not just a means of communicating post-operative plans but can also be used for medico-legal purposes. The aim of this audit cycle was to ascertain how well the operative notes within a Vascular Surgery department adhered to the guidelines devised by RCSEng.

Method

40 operative notes were analysed prospectively against the criteria stated in the ‘Good Surgical Practice'. The surgeons were made aware of the initial results via a departmental meeting. Using the Plan-Study-Do-Act (PDSA) model, we studied the pre-existing operative note template and created an aide-memoire highlighting the criteria with poor compliance. This was placed in all the vascular theatres. A re-audit was then undertaken 2 months after.

Results

In the first audit, we noted good compliance in areas that were included in the pre-existing template such as date (97.5%), name of operator (97.5%), name of anaesthetist (100%), operative procedure (100%), and closure technique (95%). Areas in need for improvement included time (0%), anticipated blood loss (2.5%) and elective/emergency procedure (10%). The second cycle demonstrated improvements (100% compliance) in most parameters. Documentation of time, elective/emergency procedure, and legibility showed minimal improvement.

Conclusions

This audit highlighted the importance of greater awareness of the expected standard of note documentation. Implementation of proformas and electronic documentation can effectively circumvent issues related to variability and legibility, and ultimately improve patient safety.
418 Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism and Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Multicentre Prospective International Cohort Study
Authors:   CovidSurg Collaborative, Mann H.
Published: February 2022

Background

SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of VTE than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with perioperative or previous SARS-CoV-2 were at further risk of VTE.

Method

International, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patient from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was VTE (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as perioperative (7-days before to 30-days after surgery), recent (1–6 weeks before surgery), and previous (³7 weeks before surgery).

Results

The postoperative VTE rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, 2.2% (50/2,317) in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2, 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2, and 1.0% (11/1,148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with perioperative (adjusted odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.03) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.94, 1.15–3.29) remained at higher risk of VTE, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.65, 0.90–3.02). Overall, VTE was independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR 5.39, 4.33–6.70). In SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, mortality without VTE was 7.4% (319/4,342) and with VTE was 40.8% (31/76).

Conclusions

Patients undergoing surgery with a perioperative or recent SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis are at increased risk of VTE compared to non-infected surgical patients.
369 The Burnout Pandemic; the Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Training Programmes on Burnout in Postgraduate Trainees in the United Kingdom
Authors: Super J. , Gunnee M. , Little M. , Vinnicombe Z.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Burnout is described as a state of mental exhaustion caused by one’s professional life, and is characterised by three domains: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and a reduced sense of accomplishment. The prevalence of stress is high amongst doctors, and varies by specialty, gender, trainee level, and socioeconomic status. The authors set out to examine the scale of the problem, as well as to determine the influence of both socioeconomic status and chosen training programme on burnout amongst postgraduate trainees. This would identify at risk groups, and aid in future targeted interventions.

Method

Cross-sectional data was obtained, following approval from the General Medical Council (GMC), from The National Training Survey, completed annually by all trainees in the United Kingdom. Data was then anonymised and analysed. Burnout scores were derived from the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and are positively framed (higher scores equal lower burnout).

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 63,122 participants across 2019 and 2020. Mean burnout amongst all trainees combined was 52.40 +/- 19.29. Burnout scores from the most deprived quintile was significantly lower compared with those from the least deprived quintile; 51.02 +/- 20.64 versus 52.89 +/- 18.92 respectively (p < 0.001). The highest levels of burnout were reported in Internal Medical Training, Emergency Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Core Surgical Training respectively.

Conclusions

Postgraduates from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to encounter burnout during training. At risk groups who may also benefit from targeted intervention include Core Surgical Trainees, requiring further examination through future studies.
Mucinous rectal cancers: clinical features and prognosis in a population-based cohort
Authors: Enblad Malin , Hammarström Klara , Folkesson Joakim , Imam Israa , Golubovik Milan , Glimelius Bengt
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Mucinous rectal cancers are generally associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to clinically characterize mucinous rectal cancers in a defined region of Sweden.

Methods

All patients with rectal cancer in Uppsala and Dalarna, Sweden, between 2010 and 2018, were identified using the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. Data were verified and updated by way of medical, radiology, and histopathology reports. Patients were selected if magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, and/or surgical specimen were mucinous. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS), time to recurrence (TTR), pattern of metastatization, and downstaging. Risk factors for recurrence were analysed with univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

Of 1220 patients with rectal cancer, 263 (22 per cent) had a mucinous specimen, median (interquartile range; i.q.r.) age was 71 (63–77) years, and 152 (58 per cent) were men. Most were localized in the low–middle rectum (76 per cent) and were stage III (53 per cent), or stage IV (28 per cent). The 5-year OS was 55 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 49 to 62); after total mesorectal excision (n = 164), 5-year OS was 75 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 68 to 83), and 5-year TTR was 68 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 60 to 77). In those with complete response (pCR), pStage I, pStage II, and pStage III, 5-year TTR was 93 per cent, 85 per cent, 74 per cent, and 44 per cent respectively. Synchronous metastasis was most common in the liver (64 per cent) and metachronous in the lungs (58 per cent). pCR was achieved in 14 patients, (13 per cent); whereas T and N category downstaging was achieved in 31 (28 per cent) and 67 patients (61 per cent) respectively. Perineural invasion had the strongest association with recurrence (hazard ratio 6.34, 95 per cent c.i. 2.50 to 16.10).

Conclusion

Mucinous rectal cancers have high recurrence rates, but pCR rate is more than 10 per cent. Perineural invasion is the main feature associated with recurrence.
Biallelic CACNA2D1 loss-of-function variants cause early-onset developmental epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Dahimene Shehrazade , von Elsner Leonie , Holling Tess , Mattas Lauren S , Pickard Jess , Lessel Davor , Pilch Kjara S , Kadurin Ivan , Pratt Wendy S , Zhulin Igor B , Dai Hongzheng , Hempel Maja , Ruzhnikov Maura R Z , Kutsche Kerstin , Dolphin Annette C
Published: February 2022

Voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels form three subfamilies (CaV1–3). The CaV1 and CaV2 channels are heteromeric, consisting of an α1 pore-forming subunit, associated with auxiliary CaVβ and α2δ subunits. The α2δ subunits are encoded in mammals by four genes, CACNA2D1–4. They play important roles in trafficking and function of the CaV channel complexes. Here we report biallelic variants in CACNA2D1, encoding the α2δ-1 protein, in two unrelated individuals showing a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Patient 1 has a homozygous frameshift variant c.818_821dup/p.(Ser275Asnfs*13) resulting in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of the CACNA2D1 transcripts, and absence of α2δ-1 protein detected in patient-derived fibroblasts. Patient 2 is compound heterozygous for an early frameshift variant c.13_23dup/p.(Leu9Alafs*5), highly probably representing a null allele and a missense variant c.626G>A/p.(Gly209Asp). Our functional studies show that this amino-acid change severely impairs the function of α2δ-1 as a calcium channel subunit, with strongly reduced trafficking of α2δ-1G209D to the cell surface and a complete inability of α2δ-1G209D to increase the trafficking and function of CaV2 channels. Thus, biallelic loss-of-function variants in CACNA2D1 underlie the severe neurodevelopmental disorder in these two patients. Our results demonstrate the critical importance and non-interchangeability of α2δ-1 and other α2δ proteins for normal human neuronal development.