bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing phosphorus bioavailability in lateritic red soil: Combining Bacillus subtilis inoculated microbial organic fertilizer with reduced chemical input
Authors: Duan Yali , Li Dong , Li Zhidong , Luo Jialiang , Sun Xiaoyan , Zhang Haixiang , Li Yangwenzheng , Liu Fan , Zhang Kailu , Hu Yueming , Zhang Xin , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: November 2023

Optimal phosphorus (P) levels in lateritic soils are key for sustainable crop production. However, the effect of various fertilizers on soil phosphorus pools, crop phosphorus uptake and crop yields remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of different fertilizer application strategies on plant growth and soil P fractions and determined the contribution of biotic and abiotic factors to insoluble P release. We found that resin‐P, NaHCO3‐P and NaOH‐P represented the primary active P pools in the lateritic soil, contributing 59.8% of the total P in conventional fertilizer application (CF), with Fe/Al‐bound P (NaOH‐P) being 42.1% of the active P pool. Combining Nangbowang (NBW), a microbial organic fertilizer inoculated with Bacillus subtilis (≥2 × 107 million CFU g−1), with reduced chemical fertilizer (NBW + CR) increased soil P availability and promoted the release of Fe/Al‐bound P and residual‐P, decreasing the Fe/Al‐bound P to 21.7%. Soil biological factors mainly influenced the P transformation process. With the consumption of soil active P, NBW bio‐organic fertilizer enhanced the niche filtration of P‐solubilizing bacterial communities (Gemmatimonadetes, Sphingomonas and Halomonas), altered the soil functional microbial community structure and promoted P form conversion. The NBW + CR treatment also enhanced nitrogen and P nutrient uptake by pepper plants (Capsicum annuum), with increased total P concentrations in pepper fruit and stem, and improved crop yield. NBW increased active P concentrations in the soil and promoted Fe/Al‐P release and transformation by impacting autochthonous microbes involved in the conversion of P chemical species. These results can guide the improvement of P availability and release in lateritic red soils using bio‐organic fertilizer.
Optimal population‐specific HLA imputation with dimension reduction
Authors: Douillard Venceslas , dos Santos Brito Silva Nayane , Bourguiba‐Hachemi Sonia , Naslavsky Michel S. , Scliar Marilia O. , Duarte Yeda A. O. , Zatz Mayana , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita , Limou Sophie , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Launay Élise , Castelli Erick C. , Vince Nicolas ,   the SNP‐HLA Reference Consortium (SHLARC)
Published: November 2023

Human genomics has quickly evolved, powering genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). SNP‐based GWASs cannot capture the intense polymorphism of HLA genes, highly associated with disease susceptibility. There are methods to statistically impute HLA genotypes from SNP‐genotypes data, but lack of diversity in reference panels hinders their performance. We evaluated the accuracy of the 1000 Genomes data as a reference panel for imputing HLA from admixed individuals of African and European ancestries, focusing on (a) the full dataset, (b) 10 replications from 6 populations, and (c) 19 conditions for the custom reference panels. The full dataset outperformed smaller models, with a good F1‐score of 0.66 for HLA‐B. However, custom models outperformed the multiethnic or population models of similar size (F1‐scores up to 0.53, against up to 0.42). We demonstrated the importance of using genetically specific models for imputing populations, which are currently underrepresented in public datasets, opening the door to HLA imputation for every genetic population.
Plasmopara viticola effector PvCRN11 induces disease resistance to downy mildew in grapevine
Authors: Fu Qingqing , Yang Jing , Zhang Kangzhuang , Yin Kaixin , Xiang Gaoqing , Yin Xiao , Liu Guotian , Xu Yan
Published: November 2023

The downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is caused by Plasmopara viticola and is a major production problem in most grape‐growing regions. The vast majority of effectors act as virulence factors and sabotage plant immunity. Here, we describe in detail one of the putative P. viticola Crinkler (CRN) effector genes, PvCRN11, which is highly transcribed during the infection stages in the downy mildew‐susceptible grapevine V. vinifera cv. ‘Pinot Noir’ and V. vinifera cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’. Cell death‐inducing activity analyses reveal that PvCRN11 was able to induce spot cell death in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana but did not induce cell death in the leaves of the downy mildew‐resistant V. riparia accession ‘Beaumont’ or of the downy mildew‐susceptible ‘Thompson Seedless’. Unexpectedly, stable expression of PvCRN11 inhibited the colonization of P. viticola in grapevine and Phytophthora capsici in Arabidopsis. Both transgenic grapevine and Arabidopsis constitutively expressing PvCRN11 promoted plant immunity. PvCRN11 is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas PvCRN11‐induced plant immunity is nucleus‐independent. The purified protein PvCRN11Opt initiated significant plant immunity extracellularly, leading to enhanced accumulations of reactive oxygen species, activation of MAPK and up‐regulation of the defense‐related genes PR1 and PR2. Furthermore, PvCRN11Opt induces BAK1‐dependent immunity in the apoplast, whereas PvCRN11 overexpression in intracellular induces BAK1‐independent immunity. In conclusion, the PvCRN11 protein triggers resistance against P. viticola in grapevine, suggesting a potential for the use of PvCRN11 in grape production as a protectant against downy mildew.
Analytic ranks of automorphic L$L$‐functions and Landau–Siegel zeros
Authors: Bui Hung M. , Pratt Kyle , Zaharescu Alexandru
Published: November 2023

We relate the study of Landau–Siegel zeros to the ranks of Jacobians of modular curves for large primes . By a conjecture of Brumer–Murty, the rank should be equal to half of the dimension. Equivalently, almost all newforms of weight two and level have analytic rank . We show that either Landau–Siegel zeros do not exist, or that, for wide ranges of , almost all such newforms have analytic rank . In particular, in wide ranges, almost all odd newforms have analytic rank equal to one. Additionally, for a sparse set of primes in a wide range, we show that the rank of is asymptotically equal to the rank predicted by the Brumer–Murty conjecture.
Geodesic deviation equation in generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
Authors: Golsanamlou S. , Atazadeh K. , Mousavi M.
Published: November 2023

In the context of general relativity, the geodesic deviation equation (GDE) relates the Riemann curvature tensor to the relative acceleration of two neighboring geodesics. In this paper, we consider the GDE for the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity and apply it in this model to investigate the structure of time-like, space-like, and null geodesics in the homogeneous and isotropic universe. We propose a particular case $$f(R,{{\mathcal {R}}})=R+{{\mathcal {R}}}$$

f
(
R
,
R
)
=
R
+
R

to study the numerical behavior of the deviation vector $$\eta (z)$$

η
(
z
)

and the observer area–distance $$r_{0}(z)$$

r
0

(
z
)

with respect to redshift z. Also, we consider the GDE in the framework of the scalar–tensor representation of the generalized hybrid metric-Palatini gravity, i.e., $$f(R, {{\mathcal {R}}} )$$

f
(
R
,
R
)

, in which the model can be considered as dynamically equivalent to a gravitational theory with two scalar fields. Finally, we extend our calculations to obtain the modification of the Mattig relation in this model.
$$\gamma $$-Ray detection with CsI(Tl) scintillators of the FARCOS array
Authors: Geraci Elena , Cardella Giuseppe , Maiolino Concettina , Martorana Nunzia S. , Acosta Luis , De Filippo Enrico , Fichera Filippo , Gnoffo Brunilde , Grimaldi Antonio , Guazzoni Chiara , Librizzi Francesco , Noto Francesco , Pagano Angelo , Pagano Emanuele V. , Passaro Giuseppe , Pirrone Sara , Politi Giuseppe , Risitano Fabio , Rizzo Francesca , Russotto Paolo , Saccà Gaspare , Santagati Gianluca , Trimarchi Marina , Zagami Cristina
Published: November 2023

The measurement of the response function of the CsI(Tl) scintillators of the FARCOS array, to standard sources, cosmic rays and environmental background allows the assessment of their performance. Fast–Slow analysis discriminates between $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays and charged particles. The relatively good energy resolution allows the observation of well resolved escape peaks due to the interaction of the 4.44 MeV $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray generated by AmBe source. Furthermore, the small noise enables to discriminate from the background the annihilation 511 keV $$\gamma $$
γ
-rays of the $$^{22}$$

22

Na source. The energy loss of muons generated by cosmic rays has been also measured and the radioactive contaminants as $$^{137}$$

137

Cs, $$^{40}$$

40

K and $$^{208}$$

208

Tl have been identified. The quality of the detectors suggests the possibility to use the array also for the measurement of $$\gamma $$
γ
-ray decay in reactions induced by stable and radioactive beams, once a well-defined reaction channel has been identified. Moreover, a dedicated compact detection module as a portable, high efficiency radiation detector for the control of environmental contamination will be developed.
Testing of Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents with Surrogate Models
Authors: Biagiola Matteo , Tonella Paolo
Published: November 2023

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has received a lot of attention from the research community in recent years. As the technology moves away from game playing to practical contexts, such as autonomous vehicles and robotics, it is crucial to evaluate the quality of DRL agents.

In this article, we propose a search-based approach to test such agents. Our approach, implemented in a tool called
Indago
, trains a classifier on failure and non-failure environment (i.e., pass) configurations resulting from the DRL training process. The classifier is used at testing time as a surrogate model for the DRL agent execution in the environment, predicting the extent to which a given environment configuration induces a failure of the DRL agent under test. The failure prediction acts as a fitness function, guiding the generation towards failure environment configurations, while saving computation time by deferring the execution of the DRL agent in the environment to those configurations that are more likely to expose failures.

Experimental results show that our search-based approach finds 50% more failures of the DRL agent than state-of-the-art techniques. Moreover, such failures are, on average, 78% more diverse; similarly, the behaviors of the DRL agent induced by failure configurations are 74% more diverse.
Sound-based Two-factor Authentication: Vulnerabilities and Redesign
Authors: Shrestha Prakash , Mahdad Ahmed Tanvir , Saxena Nitesh
Published: November 2023

Reducing the level of user effort involved in traditional two-factor authentication (TFA) constitutes an important research topic. An interesting representative approach,
Sound-Proof
, leverages
ambient sounds
to detect the proximity between the second-factor device (phone) and the login terminal (browser), and it eliminates the need for the user to transfer PIN codes. In this article, we identify a weakness of the Sound-Proof system that makes it completely vulnerable to passive “environment guessing” and active “environment manipulating”
remote
attackers and
proximity
attackers. Addressing these security issues, we propose
Listening-Watch
, a new TFA mechanism based on a wearable device (watch/bracelet) and active browser-generated random speech sounds. As the user attempts to log in, the browser populates a short random code encoded into speech, and the login succeeds if the watch’s audio recording
contains
this code (decoded using
speech recognition
) and is
similar
enough to the browser’s audio recording. The remote attacker, who has guessed/manipulated the user’s environment, will be defeated, since authentication success relies upon the presence of the random code in watch’s recordings. The proximity attacker will also be defeated unless it is extremely close (<50 cm) to the watch, since the wearable microphones are usually designed to capture only nearby sounds (e.g., voice commands).
Cross-domain Recommendation via Dual Adversarial Adaptation
Authors: Su Hongzu , Li Jingjing , Du Zhekai , Zhu Lei , Lu Ke , Shen Heng Tao
Published: November 2023

Data scarcity is a perpetual challenge of recommendation systems, and researchers have proposed a variety of cross-domain recommendation methods to alleviate the problem of data scarcity in target domains. However, in many real-world cross-domain recommendation systems, the source domain and the target domain are sampled from different data distributions, which obstructs the cross-domain knowledge transfer. In this article, we propose to specifically align the data distributions between the source domain and the target domain to alleviate imbalanced sample distribution and thus challenge the data scarcity issue in the target domain. Technically, our proposed approach builds a dual adversarial adaptation (DAA) framework to adversarially train the target model together with a pre-trained source model. Two domain discriminators play the two-player minmax game with the target model and guide the target model to learn reliable domain-invariant features that can be transferred across domains. At the same time, the target model is calibrated to learn domain-specific information of the target domain. In addition, we formulate our approach as a plug-and-play module to boost existing recommendation systems. We apply the proposed method to address the issues of insufficient data and imbalanced sample distribution in real-world Click-through Rate/Conversion Rate predictions on two large-scale industrial datasets. We evaluate the proposed method in scenarios with and without overlapping users/items, and extensive experiments verify that the proposed method is able to significantly improve the prediction performance on the target domain. For instance, our method can boost PLE with a performance improvement of 15.4% in terms of Area Under Curve compared with single-domain PLE on our private game dataset. In addition, our method is able to surpass single-domain MMoE by 6.85% on the public datasets. Code:
https://github.com/TL-UESTC/DAA
.
Generalized Extension of Referred Trigeminal Pain due to Greater Occipital Nerve Entrapment
Authors: Hyung Jung-woo , Son Byung-chul
Published: November 2023

We report a very rare case of referred pain caused by greater occipital nerve (GON) entrapment, inducing spontaneous pain in the whole body as well as in the trigeminal nerve region of the face and head. It has already been reported that entrapment of the GON can induce referred pain in the ipsilateral limb as well as the ipsilateral hemiface. A 42-year-old female patient presented with chronic pain in her gums, jaw angle, submandibular region, retro-auricular suboccipital, and temporo-occipital vertex that had been ongoing for four years. As the patient’s head pain and facial pain became severe, severe spontaneous pain occurred in the arm, waist, and both lower extremities. This patient’s pain in the occipital and neck, spontaneous pain in the face, jaw, and whole body improved with decompression of the GON. Anatomical basis of pain referral to the facial trigeminal area caused by chronic GON entrapment is convergence of nociceptive inflow from high cervical C1–C3 structures and trigeminal orofacial area in the dorsal horn of the cervical spinal cord from the C2 segment up to the medullary dorsal horn (MDH). The major afferent contribution among the suboccipital and high cervical structure is mediated by spinal root C2 that is peripherally represented by the GON. Chronic noxious input from GON entrapment can cause sensitization and hypersensitivity in second order neurons in the trigeminocervical complex (TCC) and MDH in the caudal trigeminal nucleus and high cervical cord. Generalized extension of referred pain due to GON entrapment is thought to involve two possible pathophysiologies. One is the possibility that generalized pain is caused by sensitization of third-order nociceptive neurons in the thalamus. Another speculation is that spontaneous pain may occur throughout the body due to dysfunction of the descending brain stem pain-modulating pathway by sensitization and hyperexcitation of the MDH and trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex (TBSNC).
Resilient Operation of Electric Vehicles considering Grid Resiliency and Uncertainties
Authors: Armaghan Seyed Mostafa , Asgharzadeh Fatemeh , Yousefi-Khanghah Babak , Ashrafi Hamid Reza
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a novel short-time optimization method based on a resiliency enhancement strategy for a smart distribution network during adverse weather conditions. The key idea is to integrate various electric vehicles (EVs) with different behaviour patterns and other distributed energy resources into emergency tools of distribution network operation such as topology reconfiguration and grid-supported services. In this regard, possible management programs for three types of EVs (with different levels of control potentials), energy resources, reconfiguration, and demand response programs impacts on boosting resiliency are investigated. The framework is organized on coordination and benefit sharing among distribution system operator (DSO), private sector, and EV owners to reduce possible side effects of failures that could be incepted by extreme weather conditions. A Monte Carlo-based stochastic simulation for modelling uncertainties such as EVs movement, state of change, arrival/departure time to charge stations, and weather-based failures is devised. In order to evaluate resiliency, metrics based on a multiphase method are analysed. The performance of the proposed method on extra benefit obtaining for DSO and private sector and also resiliency enhancement in disturbance progress, postdisturbance degraded, and restorative state are carried out on IEEE-33 bus test system, and obtained results are analysed in detail.
Two Sylvatic Rabies Re-Emergences in Central-Eastern Europe over the 2021–2022 Period: An Unprecedented Situation in Recent Years
Authors: Robardet Emmanuelle , Smreczak Marcin , Orlowska Anna , Malik Peter , Nándori Alexandra , Dirbáková Zuzana , Jerg Slavomír , Rudoi Oleksii , Polupan Ivan , Groza Oxana , Arseniev Serghei , Barbuceanu Florica , Vuta Vlad , Picard-Meyer Evelyne
Published: November 2023

The implementations of coordinated, standardised, and sustained oral rabies vaccination (ORV) campaigns over large areas have led to the almost elimination of sylvatic rabies from the European Union (EU) territory at the approach of 2020. The annual number of rabies cases reported within EU territory indeed dropped from around 13,000 cases in 1990 to less than 10 cases over the 2017–2019 period. Unfortunately, since 2020, the EU territory has faced two major rabies re-emergence events of rabies lyssavirus in non-flying animals. The first sylvatic rabies outbreak, already described, occurred in 2021 and 2022 in Poland in the Mazowieckie voivodeship, involving the Central Europe variant, while the second one affecting Romania, Hungaria, and Slovakia, increased considerably at the end of 2022 and involved the North East Europe variant only. Thus, Hungary and Slovakia that did not record a single case since 5–7 years, respectively, faced new rabies outbreaks in 2022. This article, therefore, presents these two epidemiological events and discusses the importance and challenges of maintaining ORV programmes and immune belts in the long term, particularly in a complicated context of a pandemic affecting organisation of human societies and of geopolitical conflicts.
The Role of Long Pentraxin 3 and Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta in Vitiligo Occurrence and Disease Severity
Authors: Gençoğlu Şule , Kanat Zekiye
Published: November 2023

Objectives. To reveal the role of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐kB) in vitiligo and their relationship with disease severity. Materials and Methods. The study groups consisted of a total of 54 patients, including 27 patients diagnosed with vitiligo and 27 healthy controls without any cutaneous disease. Patients with amelanotic, sharply demarcated, and chalk‐white macular lesions were defined as vitiligo. The diagnosis of vitiligo was confirmed by Wood’s lamp examination. No biopsies were taken from the lesions, and no additional laboratory testing was performed. Skin and hair pigmentations in lesions other than hands and feet were evaluated. Vitiligo grading was done using the largest macules overall. Spreading rates were evaluated in selected lesions with Wood’s lamp. The long pentraxin 3 and NF‐kB levels in serum samples of participants were measured by the ELISA method. Results. According to the Vitiligo European Task Force consensus 16 of 27, vitiligo patients were in the slow progressive phase, and 11 patients were in the active progressive phase. The serum PTX3 levels of the patients in the vitiligo group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group (8.21 ± 2.11 ng/ml vs. 6.76 ± 1.90 ng/ml, p < 0.03). Similarly, the serum NF‐kB levels of the patients in the vitiligo group were significantly higher than those of the patients in the control group (15.03 ± 3.45 ng/ml vs. 12.19 ± 4.20 ng/ml, p < 0.01). A positive and significant correlation was found between serum NF‐kB and PTX3 (r = 0.677 and p < 0.01). PTX3 and NF‐kB levels were significantly higher in patients in the active progressive phase than in patients in the slow progressive phase. PTX3 and NF‐kB values in the active progressive phase tended to be higher than those detected when the disease was in the slow progressive phase. Conclusions. High serum PTX3 and NF‐kB levels in vitiligo are evidence of impaired proinflammatory activity and innate and adaptive immunity.
Risk of Schizophrenia in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhu Peixin , He Qi , Liu Xiyan , Huo Chunyue
Published: November 2023

Background. Several studies have shown that psoriasis patients have a higher prevalence rate of schizophrenia, but none has thoroughly examined this association across different ages and genders. Thus, our systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to combine all available evidence and evaluate the risk of schizophrenia in psoriasis patients. Methods. Two independent investigators extracted published studies from PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases from inception until May 2023 and screened 160 articles for eligibility. We included 8 studies in this meta‐analysis. A random‐effects model was employed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for schizophrenia in patients with psoriasis. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42023428576. Results. A total of eight studies with 889,747,79 participants met the eligibility criteria. The pooled OR of psoriasis in patients with schizophrenia versus subjects without schizophrenia was 1.66 (95% CI: [1.20, 2.29]) with a significant level of heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). Specifically, the OR for psoriasis in children with schizophrenia was 12.90 (95% CI: [1.97, 84.64]), with an I2 combined value of 98% and psoriasis in adults with schizophrenia 2.57 (95% CI: [1.44, 4.58]), with an I2 combined value of 61.3%. The combined OR for all age groups was 5.27 (95% CI: [3.02, 9.19]). Additionally, we found that the OR value for psoriasis in females with schizophrenia was 1.74 (95% CI: [1.74, 2.11]), with an I2 combined value of 59%. For male patients, the OR value was 1.58 (95% CI: [1.25, 2.01]), with an I2 combined value of 77%. Conclusions. Our study shows an increased risk of schizophrenia in people with psoriasis. We demonstrated a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia among children with psoriasis and found that females with psoriasis were more likely to have schizophrenia than men with psoriasis under the same conditions.
Atypical Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Pregnant Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ounhasuttiyanon Areerat , Tantranont Ngoentra , Srithongkul Thatsaphan
Published: November 2023

Antiglomerular basement membrane disease (anti-GBM) is an unusual cause of glomerulonephritis. Patients usually present with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with or without pulmonary hemorrhage. The diagnosis is based on linear deposits of IgG along the GBM and the presence of anti-GBM antibodies. However, cases with atypical anti-GBM disease in which an anti-GBM antibody was not detected have been reported. We report a 29-year-old pregnant woman with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with severe glomerulonephritis due to atypical antiglomerular basement membrane disease. She was initially diagnosed with active lupus nephritis and her renal function gradually worsened after steroid treatment, so the pregnancy was terminated due to the high maternal and fetal risks. A kidney biopsy showed linear capillary wall staining with fibrous crescents without endocapillary proliferation. The anti-GBM antibody showed negative results two times, so she was diagnosed with atypical anti-GBM disease. Treatment began with intravenous pulse methylprednisolone and continued with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone. Due to the intolerability of side effects, the treatment regimen was subsequently changed to intravenous cyclophosphamide. Although she had a significant improvement in clinical edema, serum albumin, and hematuria, her renal function gradually decreased during the 12 months of treatment. A review of the literature showed that the atypical anti-GBM is less aggressive than the typical anti-GBM disease. However, several patients had persistent renal dysfunction and 20–30% of patients had progression to ERSD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of atypical anti-GBM disease in pregnant patients with suspected SLE reported in the literature.
Animal Movements and FMDV Transmission during the High-Risk Period of the 2001 FMD Epidemic in Uruguay
Authors: Iriarte María V. , Gonzáles José L. , Gil Andrés D. , de Jong Mart C. M.
Published: November 2023

During the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in Uruguay, many farms were already infected and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) had spread throughout the country by the time the first outbreak was detected and a ban on animal movements was implemented. Before this ban, movements of infected animals between livestock premises were probably one of the main factors contributing to the spread of the disease. Understanding and quantifying this contribution allow identifying risk premises or risk areas to help policymakers to implement effective interventions and enhance targeted surveillance. The aim of this study was to describe, visualize, and analyze the network of livestock movements between livestock premises during the initial phase of the 2001 FMD epidemic in Uruguay and gain insight into the risk of transmission by estimating the between herd basic reproduction number (RH) before a ban on animal movements was implemented. Here, we derived RH from the average number of outcontacts of infected premises and the average probability that a contact leads to infection. Additionally, we analyzed the current (2022) network of livestock movements in Uruguay, for the same period as in 2001, and estimated RH assuming the same probability of infection as in 2001. We found that the movements of infected animals during the high-risk period of this epidemic—i.e., the period between FMDV introduction and the detection of the index case—had an important contribution to the virus spread among premises (RH = 1.48). Livestock markets and highly connected farms were responsible for the early long-distance spread of FMDV. The analysis of the 2022 network shows that this network is similar to that of 2001 and highlights the importance of targeting highly connected premises, particularly livestock markets, for surveillance, target early detection, and implement interventions during epidemics.
High Rate of Islets Autoimmunity in Pediatric Patients with Index Admission of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Tatum Jonathan D. , Hornung Lindsey , Bellin Melena D. , Elder Deborah A. , Thompson Tyler , Vitale David S. , Wasserfall Clive H. , Shah Amy S. , Abu-El-Haija Maisam
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The underlying pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis is unknown and overall risk of developing diabetes postacute pancreatitis in children is understudied. The objective of our study was to describe the frequency of islet cell autoimmunity and abnormal glucose testing in pediatric patients in the year following their index case of acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods. Data were obtained from a single-center observational cohort study of patients with their first episode of acute pancreatitis. Islet cell autoantibody titers were measured on stored plasma collected from acute pancreatitis diagnosis, at 3 months and at 12 months postacute pancreatitis attack. Abnormal glucose testing was defined as the presence of prediabetes or diabetes, as defined by American Diabetes Association criteria. Results. Eighty-four patients with acute pancreatitis and islet cell autoantibody data were included, 71 had available glucose measures. Median age at first acute pancreatitis attack was 14 years (IQR 8.7–16.3) and 45/84 (54%) were females. Twenty-four patients (29%) were positive for at least one of four islet cell autoantibodies (IAA, GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A) and 6 (7%) had two or more positive islet cell autoantibodies. Nineteen patients out of 71 (27%) had abnormal glucose testing at or postacute pancreatitis diagnosis. A higher proportion (37%, 7/19) with abnormal glucose testing had severe acute pancreatitis compared to those with normal glucose testing (13%, 7/52) (

p
=
0.04

). Patients with normal glucose testing were more likely to be positive for one or more islet cell autoantibodies (31%, 16/52) compared to those with abnormal glucose testing (0%, 0/19) (

p
=
0.004

). Conclusions. Islet cell autoimmunity is more common in children after their index acute pancreatitis attack (29%) than in the general population (7%–8%). While the frequency of prediabetes and diabetes postacute pancreatitis is high, other mechanisms besides islet cell autoimmunity are responsible.
Crisis ecológica global y educación desde la perspectiva de las juventudes
Authors: Aránguiz Pablo , Sannazzaro Jorgelina
Published: November 2023

(analytical)Considering the central role of young people in climate justice movements, this qualitative researchuses a just energy transition perspective to critically analyze intergenerational issues in relation to the ecological crisis. This research focuses on reflections co-produced with twelve young people from three South American countries who were participants in the "Education, youth and climate justice" laboratory that was part of the III Open Forum of Sciences of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2021 and organized by Unesco. The results identify young people as protagonists in just transition processes that affect them in the short, medium and long term. The results of the study point to the need to redefine the role of education in the construction of more just and sustainable societies.
Factors Associated with Children’s Humane Attitudes toward Animals
Authors: Calderón-Amor Javiera , Palma Camila , Gallo Carmen
Published: November 2023

Various studies have suggested a range of different factors associated with children’s attitudes toward animals; however, in Chile, it is an area that has not been studied. The current study administered the Intermediate Attitude Scale (IAS, which measures attitudes toward the humane treatment of animals) to 286 children in third and fourth grade and analyzed its association with the following variables: type of school, grade, gender, current pet ownership, the recognition accuracy of dog facial expressions, and human-directed empathy. The association between the IAS and potential factors was measured through linear mixed models. Children with higher human-directed empathy scores, fourth-grade children, and children who were more accurate in recognizing the happiness emotion on the dog’s face were associated with more positive attitudes toward the humane treatment of animals. These findings contribute to the growing literature regarding the importance of positive attitudes toward animals and their connection to human-directed empathy.
Misperceptions of the Border: Migration, Race, and Class Today
Authors: Hanieh Adam , Ziadah Rafeef
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses the role of global migration and the nature of national borders within the co-constitution of class and race. We begin with Marx’s critique of the value-form – a critique that rests upon a distinction between the ‘essence’ of social reality and its immediate appearances. The paper elaborates how Marx’s understanding of the emergence of a society based upon generalised commodity production leads to a certain conception of the ‘political state’ and citizenship – and thus borders and national belonging. This reveals the distinctive territorial forms of capitalism vis-à-vis those found in pre-capitalist societies, and moves us away from transhistorical conceptions of borders and the nation-state. In the second half, the paper turns to look at what this conception of borders and migration might mean concretely for how we think about the co-constitution of race and class today. Here the focus is on three crucial aspects of the contemporary world market: (1) the relationship between the cross-border movements of labour and processes of class formation, (2) migration and the determination of the value of labour-power, and (3) coercive and unfree labour.
Promoting Functional Scientific Literacy in Tanzania: A Critique of Current Basic Education Policy
Authors: Kinyota Mjege
Published: November 2023

Functional Scientific Literacy (FSL) is widely acknowledged for its contribution to benefiting a society by ensuring every citizen understands something about science. But there is a debate throughout Tanzania and beyond which concerns curriculum policy, in the interest of affording citizens freedom of choice; e.g. in Tanzania students who do not choose a science stream are permitted to excise themselves from science education entirely by dropping Physics and Chemistry two years before completing their basic education. I argue that such a curriculum policy carries tremendous implications for the country, undermining the declared national ideal of promoting social and technological development for all. Further, the policy is not coherent: why should Physics and Chemistry be dropped while Biology and Mathematics are retained? How might FSL learning experiences be reorganised to recoup the potential value that are lost as a result of dropping some of these subjects?
Mapokezi ya Nomino za Kiswahili katika Ngeli za Nomino za Gᴉrᴉmi
Authors: Stephano Rehema
Published: November 2023

Ikisiri

Lengo la makala hii ni kuonesha jinsi nomino za Kiswahili zinavyokopwa ili kukidhi mawasiliano katika Gᴉrᴉmi. Nomino (majina) ni miongoni mwa maneno yanayokopwa kutokana na umuhimu wake mkubwa katika lugha na mawasiliano kwa ujumla. Umuhimu huo ni kutambulisha watu, vitu, hali na mahali. Gᴉrᴉmi, kutokana na utangamano wake na Kiswahili, kinakopa na kutohoa nomino tofauti kwa lengo la kukidhi mawasiliano kulingana na wakati na mazingira ya kiuchumi, kisiasa, kiutamaduni na kijamii yanayoikabili lugha hiyo. Uchambuzi matini na usaili vimeonesha kwamba nomino za Kiswahili zinazokopwa na kupokelewa katika Gᴉrᴉmi ni za ngeli nane ambazo ni MU-/WA-; MU-/MI-; JI-, Ø-/MA-; KI-/VI-; N-/N-; U-/N-; U-/MA-; na KU-, ambapo maumbo ya umoja na wingi, pamoja na sauti huchakatwa kulingana na mfumo lugha wa Gᴉrᴉmi. Hata hivyo, maana ya nomino inayokopwa hubaki ileile kama ilivyo katika lugha iliyokopesha. Kwa hiyo, inapendekezwa uchambuzi wowote wa mapokezi ya maneno uende sambamba na mfumo wa lugha inayokopa.
How anti-corruption actions win hearts: The evaluation of anti-corruption performance, social inequality and political trust—Evidence from the Asian Barometer Survey and the Latino Barometer Survey
Authors: Yue Lei , Liu Qian
Published: November 2023

Corruption is seen as a political cancer that erodes the public’s trust in political system. While it is generally agreed that corruption and political trust are negatively correlated, few researchers have explored the impact of anti-corruption performance on political trust. In this article, we focus on whether combating corruption can enhance political trust and how this influencing mechanism is realized. Based on analyses of the Asian Barometer Survey and the Latino Barometer Survey, we found that political trust is affected by the evaluation of anti-corruption performance and social inequality. The evaluation of anti-corruption performance can enhance political trust directly, while social inequality undermines political trust directly. Social inequality can also moderate the positive effect of the evaluation of anti-corruption performance on political trust. This study not only fills the previous research gap in the relationship between anti-corruption and political trust but also has great practical significance.
Enhanced Bonding to Caries-Affected Dentin Using an Isocyanate-Based Primer
Authors: Tang K. , Wang F. , Dai S.Q. , Yang Z.Y. , Duan L.Y. , Luo M.L. , Tay F.R. , Niu L.N. , Zhou W. , Chen J.H.
Published: November 2023

Dental caries is the most common oral disease and the most common cause of resin restorations. In minimally invasive dentistry, the principle behind cavity preparation is to remove external caries-infected dentin (CID) and preserve internal caries-affected dentin (CAD) and sound dentin (SD). The cavity floor is mainly composed of CAD, but the poor bonding performance of CAD has become a widespread concern. This study evaluated the performance of a new collagen-reactive monomer (ITCM) used as a primer to improve the bonding performance of CAD. The experimental specimens were grouped as follows: SD, CAD, and ITCM-pretreated CAD (CAD-ITCM). Dentin slices were obtained for attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analysis. The bonded samples were subjected to microtensile bond strength analysis after 24 h of water storage or aging by thermocycling, and the bonding interface quality was evaluated by nanoleakage assessment, interfacial nanoindentation testing, and in situ zymography. Cytotoxicity experiments with ITCM were performed. ATR-FTIR showed that the isocyanate groups in ITCM can covalently bind and form hydrogen bonds with the collagen in CAD to mediate chemical bonding. ITCM pretreatment significantly improved the bond strength of CAD ( P < 0.05), reduced interfacial nanoleakage, improved the sealing of the bonding interface, enhanced the homogeneity of the hybrid layer, and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase activity. In addition, ITCM presented acceptable biocompatibility for dental restorative application. Taken together, this study reported the application of ITCM to induce collagen-based chemical bonding in the CAD bonding system, which fills the gap in strategies to improve the bonding performance of CAD immediately and after aging and has important clinical application prospects.
Study Program Leaders’ Perceptions of Coherence and Strategies for Creating Coherent Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Aalde Oddvar , Staal Jenset Inga
Published: November 2023

Scholars and policymakers have consistently argued for the importance of coherence in teacher education (TE). Despite this attention to coherence, challenges of fragmentation and disconnect remain, and little research exists on how study program leaders (SPLs) in TE work to achieve coherence. This article explores how SPLs in two selected TE institutions in Norway perceive coherence and what strategies they use to create coherent TE programs. The two case studies use an ethnographic approach and report on repeated qualitative interviews with seven SPLs, supported by short-term observations over a period of one academic year. The analysis contributes to the small but emergent literature on how SPLs conceptualize coherence and identifies six strategies that SPLs use to navigate persistent barriers within a diverse and autonomous faculty in their ongoing efforts to strengthen coherence in TE programs. Implications for study program leadership in TE are discussed.
Is orthodoxy radical? Revisiting G. K. Chesterton and John Robinson
Authors: Loughlin Gerard
Published: November 2023

That orthodoxy can be radical might be thought a rallying cry from the 1990s. But in fact it was already being made in the 1960s by John Robinson, and before him by G. K. Chesterton, at the start of the twentieth century. This tradition of radical orthodoxy – the idea that orthodoxy is both rooted and uprooting – is here recalled, and it is further argued that its possibility and practice are founded in the Eucharist, in the performed story of a body that is both human and divine.
Changes in the representation of heroes in contemporary Ukrainian cinema
Authors: Griza Viktor A. , Honcharuk Serhii M. , Mykhalov Volodymyr Ya. , Barnych Mykhailo M. , Balaban Oleksandr I.
Published: November 2023

This article examines current trends in the changing concept of the hero in recent Ukrainian cinema and the related tendency to neglect authentic Ukrainian culture on account of the pervasive influence of Western traditions in cinema. The article employs various, academic methods of art criticism: literary and film analysis, comparison, synthesis, analogy and typologisation. Analysing several films from the period of independent Ukraine, Cyborgs: Heroes Never Die (2017, dir. Akhtem Seitablayev), Sniper. The White Raven (2022, dir. Marian Bushan) and Klondike (2022, dir. Maryna Er Gorbach), the authors show that the depiction of Ukrainian film heroes depends on contemporary local events. The contemporary hero of Ukrainian cinema emerges as an ambiguous figure.
Cervical Aggressive Fibromatosis Causing Airway Obstruction
Authors: Chebil Azer , Hasnaoui Mehdi , Masmoudi Mohamed , Ben Fatma Abedrraouf , Jerbi Saida , Mighri Khelifa
Published: November 2023

Fibromatosis or desmoid tumors are rare benign fibroblastic lesions that are rarely present in the head and neck regions. When they do occur in these regions, however, they tend to be aggressive toward the surrounding tissue and be associated with heavy morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 26-year-old Tunisian female who presented with acute obstructive dyspnea and a 3-week history of cervical swelling. The swelling was initially only located in the left submandibular area, it then gradually extended to all the anterior cervical supra- and infrahyoid regions causing a clinical presentation resembling that of obstructive dyspnea, the patient was admitted, and an emergency tracheotomy was performed. Tissue samples were taken, pathological analysis revealed an aggressive case of fibromatosis. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and antihormonal therapy, the fibrous mass shrunk considerably allowing the removal of the tracheotomy cannula, no tumor recurrence was noted during the observation period. Due to the rarity of this disease, especially in the cervical region, there are no therapeutic guidelines available.
Effect of the duration of hypertension on white matter structure and its link with cognition
Authors: Li Zilin , Sang Feng , Zhang Zhanjun , Li Xin
Published: November 2023

The relation between hypertension (HTN) and cognition has been reported inclusive results, which may be affected by disease duration. Our study aimed to examine the influence of HTN duration on cognition and its underlying white matter (WM) changes including macrostructural WM hyperintensities (WMH) and microstructural WM integrity. A total of 1218 patients aged ≥55 years with neuropsychological assessment and a subgroup of 233 people with imaging data were recruited and divided into 3 groups (short duration: <5 years, medium duration: 5–20 years, long duration: >20 years). We found that greater HTN duration was preferentially related to worse executive function (EF), processing speed (PS), and more severe WMH, which became more significant during long duration stage. The reductions in WM integrity were evident at the early stage especially in long-range association fibers and then scattered through the whole brain. Increasing WMH and decreasing integrity of specific tracts consistently undermined EF. Furthermore, free water imaging method greatly enhanced the sensitivity in detecting HTN-related WM alterations. These findings supported that the neurological damaging effects of HTN is cumulative and neuroimaging markers of WM at macro- and microstructural level underlie the progressive effect of HTN on cognition.
Rent and financialisation as concrete totality: The case for provisioning approaches as method of abstraction
Authors: Robertson Mary
Published: November 2023

Drawing on dialogues between Michael Ball and Ben Fine, this paper proposes provisioning approaches as a way of reintegrating theoretical and institutional work on rent. Recent debates on financialisation and rent theory overlook the potential contribution of provisioning approaches because urban studies typically take the work of Ball as reference point. By looking at provisioning approaches beyond Ball, the paper shows that such approaches are already making important contributions to financialisation research. It then proposes an interpretation of provisioning approaches as extending Marx’s method of moving between abstract and concrete and thereby integrating agentic and theoretic understandings of rent.
Lack of reproducibility of resting-state functional MRI findings in migraine with aura
Authors: Hougaard Anders , Gaist David , Garde Ellen , Iversen Pernille , Madsen Camilla G. , Kyvik Kirsten O. , Ashina Messoud , Siebner Hartwig R. , Madsen Kristoffer H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Several studies have applied resting-state functional MRI to examine whether functional brain connectivity is altered in migraine with aura patients. These studies had multiple limitations, including small sample sizes, and reported conflicting results. Here, we performed a large, cross-sectional brain imaging study to reproduce previous findings.

Methods

We recruited women aged 30–60 years from the nationwide Danish Twin Registry. Resting-state functional MRI of women with migraine with aura, their co-twins, and unrelated migraine-free twins was performed at a single centre. We carried out an extensive series of brain connectivity data analyses. Patients were compared to migraine-free controls and to co-twins.

Results

Comparisons were based on data from 160 patients, 30 co-twins, and 136 controls. Patients were similar to controls with regard to age, and several lifestyle characteristics. We replicated clear effects of age on resting-state networks. In contrast, we failed to detect any differences, and to replicate previously reported differences, in functional connectivity between migraine patients with aura and non-migraine controls or their co-twins in any of the analyses.

Conclusion

Given the large sample size and the unbiased population-based design of our study, we conclude that women with migraine with aura have normal resting-state brain connectivity outside of migraine attacks.