bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobile Email as a Business and Personal Performance Driver in Everyday Knowledge Work—A Multi‐method Case Study
Authors: Franssila Heljä
Published: December 2013

Mobile email is one of the first widely accepted mobile business application in enterprise settings that can be used by mobile phones. In this paper, a study about the role of mobile email as a performance driver in the everyday knowledge work of different business users in multinational information and communications technology enterprise is presented. Everyday communication task contents and volumes of knowledge workers were identified and analyzed by interviews, communication task diaries, and survey to understand the communication task goals and patterns of typical knowledge workers in enterprise settings. The study reveals that the biggest share of the knowledge workers' overall business‐related communication (regardless of the communication tool and application) is centered on the internal communication tasks, and respectively, mobile email is used most intensively in the internal communications tasks. When comparing the relative importance of mobile email as communication solution for business users in different work positions, the study shows that mobile email is the particularly important everyday performance driver for managers who travel a lot and whose communication volumes in overall are extensive because of their role as central activity progress enabler for other work communities. Intensive users of mobile email gain more personal benefits than non‐intensive users. The importance of mobile email is only moderate in the everyday business communication of those who are not in managerial positions. This implicates that mobile email as a business performance driver should be understood and evaluated by corresponding it with the internal process performance objectives and measures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat shock protein 70 is required for optimal liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Wolf Joshua H. , Bhatti Tricia R. , Fouraschen Suomi , Chakravorty Shourjo , Wang Liqing , Kurian Sunil , Salomon Daniel , Olthoff Kim M. , Hancock Wayne W. , Levine Matthew H.
Published: December 2013

Liver regeneration is a complex process that restores functional tissue after resection or injury, and it is accompanied by transient adenosine triphosphate depletion and metabolic stress in hepatic parenchymal cells. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) functions as a chaperone during periods of cellular stress and induces the expression of several inflammatory cytokines identified as key players during early liver regeneration. We, therefore, hypothesized that Hsp70 is required for the initiation of regeneration. Investigations were carried out in a 70% partial hepatectomy mouse model with mice lacking inducible Hsp70 (Hsp70−/−). Liver regeneration was assessed postoperatively with the liver weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio, and sera and tissues were collected for analysis. In addition, the expression of Hsp-related genes was assessed in a cohort of 23 human living donor liver transplantation donors. In mice, the absence of Hsp70 was associated with a reduced postoperative LW/BW ratio, Ki-67 staining, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in comparison with wild-type mice. TNF-α expression was also reduced in livers from Hsp70−/− mice after induction with lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg). Clinically, the transcription of multiple Hsp genes (especially Hsp70 family members) was up-regulated after donor hepatectomy. Together, these results suggest that the early phase of successful liver regeneration requires the presence of Hsp70 to induce TNF-α. Further studies are required to determine whether Hsp70 contributes to liver regeneration as a chaperone by stabilizing specific interactions required for growth signaling or as a paracrine inflammatory signal, as can occur in models of shock. Liver Transpl 20:376-385, 2014. © 2013 AASLD.
In Vitro Investigations of Smart Drug Delivery Systems Based on Redox‐Sensitive Cross‐Linked Micelles
Authors: Cajot Sébastien , Schol Daureen , Danhier Fabienne , Préat Véronique , Gillet De Pauw Marie‐Claire , Jérôme Christine
Published: December 2013

Redox‐sensitive micelles are designed by using block copolymers of different architectures composed of a hydrophilic block of poly(ethylene oxide), and hydrophobic blocks of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and poly(α‐azide‐ϵ‐caprolactone). Stability of these micelles is insured in diluted media by cross‐linking their core via the addition of a bifunctional cross‐linker, while redox sensitivity is provided to these micelles by inserting a disulfide bridge in the cross‐linker. The potential of these responsive micelles to be used as nanocarriers is studied in terms of cytotoxicity and cellular internalization. The release profiles are also investigated by varying the environment reductive strength.
Cultural Factors That Impact Brand Personification Strategy Effectiveness
Authors: Aguirre‐Rodriguez Alexandra
Published: December 2013

A brand personification is a human‐like portrayal of a product or brand that is designed to associate the brand with certain human characteristics. Brand personifications, such as fictional human characters (e.g., Mr. Clean), human‐like brand characters (e.g., Pillsbury doughboy), and product animations (e.g., M&M's characters), portray human‐like personality characteristics intended to shape consumers’ brand images. However, a brand personification strategy that appeals to consumers in one cultural context will not necessarily appeal to consumers in another cultural context. To explore cultural factors impacting brand personification strategies, a literature review was conducted. Ten research propositions were developed for future research and managerial implications were discussed.
Global attractivity and almost periodic solution of a discrete mutualism model with delays
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Yingqi , Jing Bin
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we consider an almost periodic discrete Lotka–Volterra mutualism model with delays. We first obtain the permanence and global attractivity of the system. By means of an almost periodic functional hull theory and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a unique strictly positive almost periodic solution, which is globally attractive. An example together with numerical simulation indicates the feasibility of the main result. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular Hsp90 mediates an NF‐κB dependent inflammatory stromal program: Implications for the prostate tumor microenvironment
Authors: Bohonowych JE , Hance MW , Nolan KD , Defee M , Parsons CH , Isaacs JS
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in supporting and promoting tumor growth and progression. An inflammatory stroma is a widespread hallmark of the prostate TME, and prostate tumors are known to co‐evolve with their reactive stroma. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the reactive stroma play a salient role in secreting cytokines that contribute to this inflammatory TME. Although a number of inflammatory mediators have been identified, a clear understanding of key factors initiating the formation of reactive stroma is lacking.

METHODS

We explored whether tumor secreted extracellular Hsp90 alpha (eHsp90α) may initiate a reactive stroma. Prostate stromal fibroblasts (PrSFs) were exposed to exogenous Hsp90α protein, or to conditioned medium (CM) from eHsp90α‐expressing prostate cancer cells, and evaluated for signaling, motility, and expression of prototypic reactive markers. In tandem, ELISA assays were utilized to characterize Hsp90α‐mediated secreted factors.

RESULTS

We report that exposure of PrSFs to eHsp90 upregulates the transcription and protein secretion of IL‐6 and IL‐8, key inflammatory cytokines known to play a causative role in prostate cancer progression. Cytokine secretion was regulated in part via a MEK/ERK and NF‐κB dependent pathway. Secreted eHsp90α also promoted the rapid and durable activation of the oncogenic inflammatory mediator signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3). Finally, eHsp90 induced the expression of MMP‐3, a well‐known mediator of fibrosis and the myofibroblast phenotype.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide compelling support for eHsp90α as a transducer of signaling events culminating in an inflammatory and reactive stroma, thereby conferring properties associated with prostate cancer progression. Prostate 74:395–407, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The arylpiperazine derivatives N‐(4‐cyanophenylmethyl)‐4‐(2‐diphenyl)‐1‐piperazinehexanamide and N‐benzyl‐4‐(2‐diphenyl)‐1‐piperazinehexanamide exert a long‐lasting inhibition of human serotonin 5‐HT7 receptor binding and cAMP signaling
Authors: Atanes Patricio , Lacivita Enza , Rodríguez Javier , Brea José , Burgueño Javier , Vela José Miguel , Cadavid María Isabel , Loza María Isabel , Leopoldo Marcello , Castro Marián
Published: December 2013

We performed a detailed in vitro pharmacological characterization of two arylpiperazine derivatives, compound N‐(4‐cyanophenylmethyl)‐4‐(2‐diphenyl)‐1‐piperazinehexanamide (LP‐211) previously identified as a high‐affinity brain penetrant ligand for 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 7 (5‐HT7) receptors, and its analog N‐benzyl‐4‐(2‐diphenyl)‐1‐piperazinehexanamide (MEL‐9). Both ligands exhibited competitive displacement of [3H]‐(2R)‐1‐[(3‐hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]‐2‐[2‐(4‐methyl‐1‐piperidinyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine ([3H]‐SB‐269970) radioligand binding and insurmountable antagonism of 5‐carboxamidotryptamine (5‐CT)‐stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing human 5‐HT7 receptors. They also inhibited forskolin‐stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in 5‐HT7‐expressing HEK293 cells but not in the parental cell line. The compounds elicited long‐lasting (at least 24 h) concentration‐dependent inhibition of radioligand binding at 5‐HT7‐binding sites in whole‐cell radioligand binding assays, after pretreatment of the cells with the compounds and subsequent compound removal. In cAMP assays, pretreatment of cells with the compounds rendered 5‐HT7 receptors unresponsive to 5‐CT and also rendered 5‐HT7‐expressing HEK293 cells unresponsive to forskolin. Compound 1‐(2‐biphenyl)piperazine (RA‐7), a known active metabolite of LP‐211 present in vivo, was able to partially inhibit 5‐HT7 radioligand binding in a long‐lasting irreversible manner. Hence, LP‐211 and MEL‐9 were identified as high‐affinity long‐acting inhibitors of human 5‐HT7 receptor binding and function in cell lines. The detailed in vitro characterization of these two pharmacological tools targeting 5‐HT7 receptors may benefit the study of 5‐HT7 receptor function and it may lead to the development of novel selective pharmacological tools with defined functional properties at 5‐HT7 receptors.
Quantitative Environmental Footprints and Sustainability Evaluation of Contaminated Land Remediation Alternatives for Two Case Studies
Authors: Ferdos Farzad , Rosén Lars
Published: December 2013

Since the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) launched its “green remediation” program and EU member states began to reassess their national regulations for environmental remediation in order to reach a Europe‐wide consensus on policy and standards, the need and interest for sustainable remediation of contaminants from brownfields has grown considerably. Concomitantly, the ability to calculate and assess the suitability as well as the environmental footprints and associated risks of a growing number of remediation techniques has become a priority. The authors quantitatively evaluate the differences between various remediation techniques, and for this purpose, a number of ex situ and in situ remediation techniques are adapted to model 21 remediation scenarios for two contaminated sites in the Gothenburg region of Sweden: the Bohus Varv site on the Göta älv river bank and the Hexion site in Mölndal. A wide range of quantitative results for these models are presented, compared, and analyzed.

Based on the results from both projects, it is concluded that: (1) remediation techniques requiring long distance residual transportation have significant footprints, except the transportation of contaminated residuals by train due to Swedish energy production conditions; (2) residual transportation by ship results in much higher SOx, NOx, and particle releases compared to the other alternatives; and (3) residual transporation by truck results in high accident risks. Finally, activities powered by electricity result in a reduced footprint compared to activities powered by fossil fuels, considering Swedish energy production conditions.

The authors conducted a cross‐benefit analysis of SiteWiseTM applications which recognizes its potential as a tool for presenting life cycle assessment analyses with appropriate system boundary definitions and an easy inventory analysis process. Results from this tool provide valuable support to decision makers aiming at more sustainable remediation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of Trace Elements with Hydrocarbon Microseepage
Authors: Rao P. Lakshmi Srinivasa , Srinu D. , Rasheedd M. A. , Kalpana M. S. , Patil D. J. , Dayal A. M.
Published: December 2013

Direct correlation have been observed between certain trace element and hydrocarbon anomalies in the near subsurface soils of Vindhyan basin, India. This relationship with hydrocarbon is very useful in hydrocarbon exploration. 52 soil samples from Vindhyan basin were collected from a depth of 2.5m. All the soil samples were analyzed for light hydrocarbon, isotope and trace element concentrations. The adsorbed light gaseous hydrocarbon analyses show the presence of methane (8 - 328 ppb), ethane (0 - 27 ppb) and propane (0 -11 ppb) respectively and these values indicate the presence of hydrocarbon micro-seepage in the study area. The carbon isotopic values determined for methane and ethane for these soil samples are (-26.41 to -47.70 ‰ PDB) and (-20.07 to -35.30 ‰ PDB) respectively and they are thermogenic in nature. The trace element concentrations of nickel (33-220 ppm), vanadium (72-226 ppm), copper (20- 131 ppm), chromium (94-205 ppm), zinc (66-561 ppm) and cobalt (9-39 ppm) have higher than the normal concentrations in soils. Trace element concentrations are used to plot with the data obtained from light gaseous hydrocarbon concentrations and carbon isotopic values of soil samples of the Vindhyan basin. Trace element anomalies have been observed around the hydrocarbon anomalies in the study area.
UTCHEM Model Application for Prediction of Crude Oil Removal from Contaminated Sand Columns
Authors: Asadollahfard G. , Khodadi A. , Javadifar N.
Published: December 2013

Soil pollution by crude oil is a challenging environmental issue for oil producing countries. Several methods have been developed for remediation of the contaminated soil including washing with different detergents. In this work, we applied UTCHEM simulator model to the sand columns polluted by 10000 and 30000 ppm of crude oil which was treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt% of a biological detergent, saponin. The results showed a good agreement between simulated and pilot study. The maximum remediation was 61% with a pH of 9 when we utilized 0.2 wt% saponin for the column contaminated with 30000 ppm of crude oil. 47% remediation was achieved with a pH of 9 when 0.1wt% of detergent was applied to the same column. Sensitivity analysis indicated an increase in remediation by increasing the pH with the optimum pH of 11. The best possible concentrations of surfactant solutions were 0.1 and 0.2 wt% for 10000 and 30000 ppm pollution, respectively, resulting in crude oil removal efficiencies of 69% and 72%, respectively. Simulation results also indicated that an increase in the permeability of the sand columns would also result in an increased remediation.
The Impact of Migration and Remittances on Wealth Accumulation and Distribution in Rural Thailand
Authors: Garip Filiz
Published: December 2013

This article studies the impact of internal migration and remittance flows on wealth accumulation and distribution in 51 rural villages in Nang Rong, Thailand. Using data from 5,449 households, the study constructs indices of household productive and consumer assets with principal component analysis. The changes in these indices from 1994 to 2000 are modeled as a function of households’ prior migration and remittance behavior with ordinary least squares, matching, and instrumental variable methods. The findings show that rich households lose productive assets with migration, potentially because of a reduction in the labor force available to maintain local economic activities, while poor households gain productive assets. Regardless of wealth status, households do not gain or lose consumer assets with migration or remittances. These results suggest an equalizing effect of migration and remittances on wealth distribution in rural Thailand.
A dairy cow model to assess aflatoxin transmission from feed into milk – Evaluating efficacy of the mycotoxin binder Mycosorb®
Authors: Moran C.A. , Kettunen H. , Yiannikouris A. , Ojanperä S. , Pennala E. , Helander I.M. , Apajalahti J.
Published: December 2013

A dairy cow model was established to measure the transmission of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) into milk. Four Ayrshire mid-lactation dairy cows (ranging 590 – 650 kg body weight and averaging 4.5 years of age) were used in a crossover experimental design in which each cow acted as its own control and was subjected to four dietary treatments administered as six 12-day feeding periods followed by a 7-day washout period. Periods I – VI comprised a 7 d of adaptation followed by 5 d of sampling. Period VII was a 7-d washout with sampling in the final two days. From each morning's milking, yield was recorded and sampled for AFM1 analysis by HPLC. Treatments included a negative control, contamination with AFB1 (5 µg of AFB1/kg feed), AFB1 + Mycosorb®(MTB) 10 g/cow/d, and AFB1 + MTB 50 g/cow/d. In response to the negative control, AFM1 concentrations in milk remained below the limit of detection (<5 ng/kg), whereas cows fed the AFB1-contaminated feed had milk AFM1 concentrations ranging from 110 to 230 ng/kg. At the end of the washout period, AFM1 was again undetectable. The dairy cow model was also used to test the efficacy of the yeast-cell-wall-based mycotoxin binder Mycosorb®(MTB) in reducing secretion of AFM1 into milk by cows fed the same AFB1-contaminated diet. When supplemented at 50 g/head/day, MTB significantly reduced (P < 0.05) AFM1 secretion into milk with no adverse effects on milk production. The dairy cow model is a sensitive tool for measuring aflatoxin transmission to milk and mycotoxin binder efficacy at 5 µg of AFB1/kg feed. As it is common for on-farm AFB1 concentrations to exceed 5 µg/kg, more research may be warranted to determine the effectiveness of the model at higher AFB1 concentrations.
Modal stability analysis of a helical vortex tube with axial flow
Authors: Hattori Yuji , Fukumoto Yasuhide
Published: December 2013

The linear stability of a helical vortex tube with axial flow, which is a model of helical vortices emanating from rotating wings, is studied by modal stability analysis. At the leading order the base flow is set to the Rankine vortex with uniform velocity along the helical tube whose centreline is a helix of constant curvature and torsion. The helical vortex tube in an infinite domain, in which the free boundary condition is imposed at the surface of the tube, is our major target although the case of the rigid boundary condition is also considered in order to elucidate the effects of torsion and the combined effects of torsion and axial flow. The analysis is based on the linearized incompressible Euler equations expanded in $\epsilon $ which is the ratio of the core to curvature radius of the tube. The unstable growth rate can be evaluated using the leading-order neutral modes called the Kelvin waves with the expanded equations. At $O(\epsilon )$ the instability is a linear combination of the curvature instability due to the curvature of the tube and the precessional instability due to the axial flow, both parametric instabilities appearing at the same resonance condition. At the next order $O({\epsilon }^{2} )$ not only the effects of torsion but also the combined effects of torsion and axial flow appear, a fact which has been shown only for the short-wave limit. The maximum growth rate increases for the right-handed/left-handed helix with positive/negative helicity, in which the torsion makes the period of particle motion increase. All results converge to the previous local stability results in the short-wave limit. The differences between the two cases of different boundary conditions are due to the isolated mode of the free boundary case, whose dispersion curve depends strongly on the axial flow.
Relationship between sleep duration and dietary intake in 4- to 14-year-old Danish children
Authors: Hoppe Camilla , Rothausen Berit W. , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Matthiessen Jeppe , Groth Margit V. , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Tetens Inge
Published: December 2013

A negative association between sleep duration and BMI has been observed in children. However, knowledge about the association between sleep duration and diet is limited. The objective was to examine the association between sleep duration and intake of foods and nutrients in children. In the present cross-sectional study, dietary intake and sleep duration were recorded by the parents for seven consecutive days in a food and sleep record in a representative sample of 802 4- to 14-year-old children. No sex differences were found regarding age and sleep duration. Sleep duration was negatively correlated to age (ρ = –0·68; P < 0·001) and BMI (ρ = –0·41; P < 0·001). In multiple linear regression analyses, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake (b = –0·015; P = 0·20), but there was a trend towards a positive association with intake of dietary fibre (b = 0·006; P = 0·05) and vegetables (b = 0·011; P = 0·05), and a negative association with intake of poultry (b = –0·002; P = 0·02), and a trend towards a negative association with intake of liquid ‘discretionary calories’ (b = –0·01; P = 0·05). Furthermore, in a comparison of dietary intake between age-dependent tertiles of sleep duration, only intake of liquid ‘discretionary calories’ was significantly lower in long sleepers than in short and medium sleepers (P = 0·03). In conclusion, sleep duration was not associated with energy intake and the proposal that children with short sleep duration have less healthy eating habits than children with longer sleep duration was only weakly supported by the present findings.
Malaria and Quinine Resistance: A Medical and Scientific Issue between Brazil and Germany (1907–19)
Authors: da Silva André Felipe Cândido , Benchimol Jaime Larry
Published: December 2013

This article addresses the discussion about quinine-resistant malaria plasmodium in the early decades of the twentieth century. Observed by Arthur Neiva in Rio de Janeiro in 1907, the biological and social resistance of malaria sufferers to preventive and curative treatment with quinine was corroborated three years later by Oswaldo Cruz during the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré Railway in the Brazilian Amazon. Likewise in 1910, ailing German workers were transferred from Brazil to Hamburg’s Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases, where quinine resistance was confirmed by Bernard Nocht and Heinrich Werner. When the First World War saw failures in treating and preventing malaria with quinine along with violent outbreaks of the disease on the Turkish and Balkan fronts, resistance to this alkaloid became the topic of the day within the field of experimental medicine in Germany. New attempts were made to account for the resistance, especially by the physician Ernst Rodenwaldt, who explored the topic by applying modern theories on heredity. The present article offers a preliminary survey and analysis of pronouncements about quinine resistance, shedding new light on the circulation of knowledge in the field of tropical medicine.
DO SALICYLIC ACID, NITRIC OXIDE AND FEEDING BY MAHANARVA SPECTABILIS NYMPHS INDUCE A RESISTANCE RESPONSE IN ELEPHANT GRASS?
Authors: LEITE M. V. , AUAD A. M. , RESENDE T. T. , FRIAS M. P. , FONSECA M. G. , CASTRO R. J. C.
Published: December 2013

The objective of this study was to determine whether salicylic acid, nitric oxide (NO) and/or feeding by nymphs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis affect the concentration of total phenolic compounds and the dry matter content of different genotypes of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Four genotypes of elephant grass with varying levels of resistance to insect attack were treated with 4 mL of salicylic acid (1%) or 2 mL of NO per plant in the presence and the absence of nymphs. We determined the concentration of total phenolic compounds and the percentage dry matter of shoots and roots in the plants. We found that salicylic acid, NO and attack by M. spectabilis did not change significantly the total phenolic compounds concentration in any of the genotypes of elephant grass tested. However, we observed variations in the concentration of phenolic compounds produced between the resistant and susceptible genotypes, both in the shoot, when subjected to salicylic acid or nymphs, and in the roots in the presence of nymphs. Furthermore, the inducers resulted in variation in the dry matter content of the shoots and roots for most of the genotypes tested. Therefore, we conclude that chemical inducers and feeding by M. spectabilis nymphs cannot be used to elicit a resistance response in elephant grass by stimulating the production of phenolic compounds.
TARGETED INTERVENTIONS OF ULTRA-POOR WOMEN IN RURAL RANGPUR, BANGLADESH: DO THEY MAKE A DIFFERENCE TO APPROPRIATE COOKING PRACTICES, FOOD HABITS AND SANITATION?
Authors: YEASMIN LUBNA , AKTER SHAMIMA , SHAHIDUL ISLAM A. M. , MIZANUR RAHMAN MD. , AKASHI HIDECHIKA , JESMIN SUBRINA
Published: December 2013

This study aimed to assess whether teaching good cooking practices, food habits and sanitation to ultra-poor rural women in four rural communities of Rangpur district, Bangladesh, with a high density of extremely poor households, would improve the overall health of the community. The sample size was 200 respondents combined from the target and control areas. In the target area, twelve in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were undertaken for knowledge dissemination. Descriptive and mixed-model analyses were performed. The results show that washing hands with soap was 1.35 times more likely in the target than the control group (p<0.01). Further, after intervention, there was a significant improvement in hand-washing behaviour: before cutting vegetables, preparing food, feeding a child and eating, and after defecating and cleaning a baby (p<0.05). Also, the target group was more likely to moderately and briefly boil their vegetables and were 19% less likely to use maximum heat when cooking vegetables than the control group (p<0.01). Improved knowledge and skills training of ultra-poor women reduces the loss of nutrients during food preparation and increases their hygiene through hand-washing in every-day life.
Can audiometric results predict qualitative hearing improvements in bone-anchored hearing aid recipients?
Authors: McNeil M L , Gulliver M , Morris D P , Makki F M , Bance M
Published: December 2013

Introduction:

Patients receiving a bone-anchored hearing aid have well-documented improvements in their quality of life and audiometric performance. However, the relationship between audiometric measurements and subjective improvement is not well understood.

Methods:

Adult patients enrolled in the Nova Scotia bone-anchored hearing aid programme were identified. The pure tone average for fitting the sound-field threshold, as well as the better and worse hearing ear bone conduction and air conduction levels, were collected pre-operatively. Recipients were asked to complete the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire; their partners were asked to complete a pre- and post-bone anchored hearing aid fitting Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire.

Results:

Forty-eight patients who completed and returned the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire had partners who completed the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire. The results from the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire correlated with the sound-field hearing threshold post-bone-anchored hearing aid fitting and the pure tone average of the better hearing ear bone conduction (total Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale to the pre-operative better hearing ear air curve (r = 0.3); worse hearing ear air curve (r = 0.27); post-operative, bone-anchored hearing aid-aided sound-field thresholds (r = 0.35)). An improvement in sound-field threshold correlated only with spatial abilities. In the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire, there was no correlation between the subjective evaluation of each patient and their partner.

Conclusion:

The subjective impressions of hearing aid recipients with regards to speech reception and the spatial qualities of hearing correlate well with pre-operative audiometric results. However, the overall magnitude of sound-field improvement predicts an improvement of spatial perception, but not other aspects of hearing, resulting in hearing aid recipients having strongly disparate subjective impressions when compared to those of their partners.
How does human-induced environmental change influence host-parasite interactions?
Authors: BUDRIA ALEXANDRE , CANDOLIN ULRIKA
Published: December 2013

Host-parasite interactions are an integral part of ecosystems that influence both ecological and evolutionary processes. Humans are currently altering environments the world over, often with drastic consequences for host-parasite interactions and the prevalence of parasites. The mechanisms behind the changes are, however, poorly known. Here, we explain how host-parasite interactions depend on two crucial steps – encounter rate and host-parasite compatibility – and how human activities are altering them and thereby host-parasite interactions. By drawing on examples from the literature, we show that changes in the two steps depend on the influence of human activities on a range of factors, such as the density and diversity of hosts and parasites, the search strategy of the parasite, and the avoidance strategy of the host. Thus, to unravel the mechanisms behind human-induced changes in host-parasite interactions, we have to consider the characteristics of all three parts of the interaction: the host, the parasite and the environment. More attention should now be directed to unfold these mechanisms, focusing on effects of environmental change on the factors that determine encounter rate and compatibility. We end with identifying several areas in urgent need of more investigations.
Challenges in acquiring a social licence to mine in the globalising Arctic
Authors: Heikkinen Hannu I. , Lépy Élise , Sarkki Simo , Komu Teresa
Published: December 2013

In recent decades, the mining industry has expanded globally especially in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Mines often boost rural economies, but may have also negative impacts on environment and local livelihoods, such as tourism and reindeer herding. That is why acceptability and undeniable right to operate – the social licence (SL) to mine has become more and more important in mining related discussions. We examine empirically issues relating to SL in two mining projects in Finnish Lapland, Hannukainen in Kolari and Suurikuusikko in Kittilä. The main results emphasise the importance of transparency in mining operations and the continuity of communications with local stakeholders in building and maintaining the SL to mine. If the transparency of operations is lacking and issues come to publicity only via the media, this may affect the public image of a company and finally challenge its SL to operate and, in the long term, potentially effect the financing decisions of mining investors. We show that acquiring and keeping up a SL links not only to the developments in the actual mining site, but is also connected to processes taking place in other localities. These connections may emerge in various scales; between various local communities, mining companies and global financing principles, for instance. We use and propose ‘multi-sited ethnography’ as a method to describe and better understand complex linkages which may effect the SL to mine.
“Rowme” on the Street (A Cheshire “Cat Massacre”)
Authors: Johnson Odai
Published: December 2013

I want to begin with a memory of buried faith that speaks rather precisely to the argument that follows about the duplicitous nature of performance during the English Reformation. The memory belonged to Benjamin Franklin, who opened hisAutobiographywith an account of his Protestant family during the reign of Mary Tudor:

This obscure family of ours was early in the Reformation, and continued Protestants through the reign of Queen Mary, when they were sometimes in danger of trouble on account of their zeal against popery. They had got an English Bible, and to conceal and secure it, it was fastened open with tapes under and within the cover of a joint-stool. When my great-great-grandfather read it to his family, he turned up the joint-stool upon his knees, turning over the leaves then under the tapes. One of the children stood at the door to give notice if he saw the apparitor coming, who was an officer of the spiritual court. In that case the stool was turned down again upon its feet, when the Bible remained concealed under it as before. This anecdote I had from my uncle Benjamin.
An Interview with Thomas Bradshaw
Authors: Young Harvey
Published: December 2013

In this wide-ranging interview conducted by Associate Editor Harvey Young, Thomas Bradshaw reflects on his plays, talks about the determining influence of class in contemporary society, and comments on his reputation as a provocateur.
Decentralisation of long-term care in the Netherlands: the case of day care at green care farms for people with dementia
Authors: NOWAK STÉPHANIE J. M. , MOLEMA CLAUDIA C. M. , BAAN CAROLINE A. , OOSTING SIMON J. , VAANDRAGER LENNEKE , HOP PETER , DE BRUIN SIMONE R.
Published: December 2013

Responsibility for health and social care services is being delegated from central to local authorities in an increasing number of countries. In the Netherlands, the planned transfer of responsibility for day care for people with dementia from the central government to municipalities is a case in point. The impacts of this decentralisation process for innovative care concepts such as day care at green care farms are largely unknown. We therefore interviewed representatives of municipalities and green care farms to explore what consequences they expected of decentralisation for their organisations and people with dementia. Our study shows that communication and collaboration between municipalities and green care farms is relatively limited. Consequently, municipalities are insufficiently aware of how green care farms can help them to perform their new tasks and green care farmers know little about what municipalities expect from them in the new situation. We therefore recommend that municipalities and green care farms keep each other informed about their responsibilities, duties and activities to ensure a tailored package of future municipal services for people with dementia.
Three-dimensional swimming robotic fish with slide-block structure: design and realization
Authors: Jia Yongnan , Wang Long
Published: December 2013

This paper focuses on the mechanism design of a slide-block structure and its application on a biomimetic modular robotic fish for three-dimensional swimming. First, as a barycenter-adjustor, the slide-block structure is integrated into a mechanical design of a robotic fish, which is constructed by a control module, a driving module, and a fan-shaped caudal fin. The three-dimensional locomotion of robotic fish is decomposed into two-dimensional locomotion in horizontal plane and ascent–descent locomotion in vertical plane. Both the kinematics of the horizontal swim and the dynamics of the ascent–descent swim are analyzed by the curve fitting method. Finally, experimental results validate the three-dimensional swimming capability of the robotic fish. Furthermore, the impact of two design parameters on the swimming capability of the robotic fish is discussed by the experimental method. The experimental results confirm that the robotic fish with one driving module and a fan-shaped low-aspect-ratio caudal foil can produce higher propulsive speed than other parameter combinations.
Loosely Coupled INS/GPS Integration with Constant Lever Arm using Marginal Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Chang Guobin
Published: December 2013

A loosely coupled Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) are studied, particularly considering the constant lever arm effect. A five-element vector, comprising a craft's horizontal velocities in the navigation frame and its position in the earth-centred and earth-fixed frame, is observed by GPS, and in the presence of lever arm effect, the nonlinear observation equation from the state vector to the observation vector is established and addressed by the correction stage of an unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The conditionally linear substructure in the nonlinear observation equation is exploited, and a computationally efficient refinement of the UKF called marginalized UKF (MUKF) is investigated to incorporate this substructure where fewer sigma points are needed, and the computational expense is cut down while the high accuracy and good applicability of the UKF are retained. A performance comparison between UKF and MUKF demonstrates that the MUKF can achieve, if not better, at least a comparable performance to the UKF, but at a lower computational expense.
The Future of International Legal Scholarship: Some Thoughts on ‘Practice’, ‘Growth’, and ‘Dissemination’
Authors: STAHN CARSTEN , DE BRABANDERE ERIC
Published: December 2013

Like international legal scholarship, LJIL is in transition. Our colleagues, Larissa van den Herik and Jean d'Aspremont, who have shaped much of the role and plural identity of the journal over the past decade, in collaboration with our different sections, have passed leadership on to us, the new team of (co-)editors-in-chief. This editorial reflects on the changing role and function of scholarship in international law, a theme important to our predecessors and ourselves. This is to some extent a niche area. It has not received much attention in discourse. With some notable exceptions, legal journals are typically reluctant to address overarching meta-issues of discourse, i.e. issues of production of scholarship, the role of journals vis-à-vis other media, or the broader direction of the development of international legal scholarship. Such issues might be perceived as non-scientific by some. We feel that it is important to include such dimensions, including critical self-reflection on our discipline, in international legal discourse.
The Coherence of the Concept of Cultural Property: A Critical Examination
Authors: Kuzmarov Betina
Published: December 2013

This article asks a simple question: Is cultural property a coherent concept? It answers this question through a critical examination of the concepts of cultural and property that builds on the work of Alan Audi. The article examines concepts of property and culture as they have developed separately in political theory. It suggests that arguments about cultural property are shaped by the discursive structure of the public/private divide. On this basis, the structure of cultural property arguments are critically examined. Then conclusions are drawn about the role of the public/private divide in structuring the tension between culture and property. It is concluded that this tension that defines the concept of cultural property.
Recognizing Collective Cultural Property Rights in a Deceased—Clarke v. Takamore
Authors: Tomas Nin
Published: December 2013

The recent New Zealand Supreme Court decision inClarke v Takamoreraises issues about how Maori society views deceased tribal members as belonging to the extended family and tribal group collective. This conflicts with English common law understandings that a closer, legally protected individual relationship exists with an executor, if the decedent has left a will, or with a spouse, if there is no will. This note examines the conflict and suggests a solution that would be fairer to Maori than that unanimously reached by three of New Zealand's general courts.
Human migration is important in the international spread of exoticSalmonellaserovars in animal and human populations
Authors: IVESON J. B. , BRADSHAW S. D. , HOW R. A. , SMITH D. W.
Published: December 2013

The exposure of indigenous humans and native fauna in Australia and the Wallacea zoogeographical region of Indonesia to exoticSalmonellaserovars commenced during the colonial period and has accelerated with urbanization and international travel. In this study, the distribution and prevalence of exoticSalmonellaserovars are mapped to assess the extent to which introduced infections are invading native wildlife in areas of high natural biodiversity under threat from expanding human activity. The major exoticSalmonellaserovars, Bovismorbificans, Derby, Javiana, Newport, Panama, Saintpaul and Typhimurium, isolated from wildlife on populated coastal islands in southern temperate areas of Western Australia, were mostly absent from reptiles and native mammals in less populated tropical areas of the state. They were also not recorded on the uninhabited Mitchell Plateau or islands of the Bonaparte Archipelago, adjacent to south-eastern Indonesia. Exotic serovars were, however, isolated in wildlife on 14/17 islands sampled in the Wallacea region of Indonesia and several islands off the west coast of Perth. Increases in international tourism, involving islands such as Bali, have resulted in the isolation of a high proportion of exotic serovar infections suggesting that densely populated island resorts in the Asian region are acting as staging posts for the interchange ofSalmonellainfections between tropical and temperate regions.
FACS selection of valuable mutant mouse round spermatids and strain rescue via round spermatid injection
Authors: Zhu Lian , Zhou Wei , Kong Peng-Cheng , Wang Mei-Shan , Zhu Yan , Feng Li-Xin , Chen Xue-Jin , Jiang Man-Xi
Published: December 2013

Round spermatid injection (ROSI) into mammalian oocytes can result in the development of viable embryos and offspring. One current limitation to this technique is the identification of suitable round spermatids. In the current paper, round spermatids were selected from testicular cells with phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and ROSI was performed in two strains of mice. The rates of fertilization, embryonic development and offspring achieved were the same in all strains. Significantly, round spermatids selected by PCM and FACS were effectively used to rescue the infertile Pten-null mouse. The current results indicate that FACS selection of round spermatids can not only provide high-purity and viable round spermatids for use in ROSI, but also has no harmful effects on the developmental capacity of subsequently fertilized embryos. It was concluded that round spermatids selected by FACS are useful for mouse strain rederivation and rescue of infertile males; ROSI should be considered as a powerful addition to the armamentarium of assisted reproduction techniques applicable in the mouse.
Quantification of Epitaxial Strain and Crystal Structure in Nanoscale Oxide Films Using Position Averaged Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
Authors: Hwang J. , Zhang J.Y. , Son J. , Mikheev E. , Hauser A.J. , Stemmer S.
Published: December 2013

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Transition to self-sufficient mixed crop–dairy farming systems
Authors: Coquil Xavier , Béguin Pascal , Dedieu Benoît
Published: December 2013

While plains favorable to agriculture are still dominated by specialized and intensive agriculture, self-sufficient mixed crop-dairy farming systems increasingly attract policy makers' and scientists' attention. Owing to their limited use of purchased inputs, they can contribute to reducing the environmental impact of agriculture. Furthermore, self-sufficient farming tends to be linked with a search for autonomy in decision-making, i.e., farmers developing their own technical reference framework. Such farming systems can thus also contribute to alternative development pathways of rural territories. In this paper, we analyze how ten intensive mixed crop–dairy farms have progressively evolved toward more self-sufficient and autonomous systems. Through formalizing farmers' transitionin action, we identified 34 tools that the farmers implemented making them reflect on their farming system, shift socio-professional networks, reorganize work routines, and steer the evolution of their production practices. For example, they created temporary pastures in crop rotation, introduced rotational pastures, observed their herds to adjust their feed and keep the animals in good health, and they limited expenditures to manage their cash flow. Which tools were used and when they were used depends on what is meaningful to them at various stages of the transition. Our analysis of transitionsin actionhas three original features: it is centered on the transition as perceived by the actors who experience and manage it; it proposes a long-term conceptualization of the dynamics of farming systems, based on the farmer's initiative and creativity; and it highlights tools implemented by farmers during the transition to self-sufficiency and autonomy.
The Differential Effectiveness of the Cognitive Interview Instructions for Enhancing Witnesses’ Memory of a Familiar Event
Authors: Ginet Magali , Py Jacques , Colomb Cindy
Published: December 2013

This study examines the influence of familiarity on witnesses’ memory and the individual effectiveness of each of the four cognitive interview instructions in improving witnesses’ recall of scripted events. Participants (N = 195), either familiar or unfamiliar with the hospital script, were presented with a video of a surgical operation. One week later, an interviewer used one of the four cognitive interview instructions or a control instruction to ask them about the video. Participants familiar with the surgery context recalled significantly more correct information and, in particular, more consistent and irrelevant details than those unfamiliar with the surgery context. Furthermore, the results confirmed the effectiveness of all four cognitive interview mnemonics in enhancing the amount of correct information reported, irrespective of the participants’ familiarity with the critical event. However, their efficacy differed depending on the category of details considered. The practical implications of these results are discussed.