bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-based identification of phosphate-solubilizing capacities of soil bacterial isolates
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Zhao Yiting , Huang Shasha , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Wang Lei , Zheng Bangxiao
Published: July 2024

Identifying genomic markers for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is vital for advancing agricultural sustainability. This study utilizes whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, examining the genomes of 76 PSB strains with the aid of specialized genomic databases and analytical tools. We have identified the pqq gene cluster, particularly the pqqC gene, as a key marker for (P) solubilization capabilities. The pqqC gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of precursors to 2-keto-d-gluconic acid, which significantly enhances P solubilization in soil. This gene’s importance lies not only in its biochemical function but also in its prevalence and effectiveness across various PSB strains, distinguishing it from other potential markers. Our study focuses on Burkholderia cepacia 51-Y1415, known for its potent solubilization activity, and demonstrates a direct correlation between the abundance of the pqqC gene, the quantitative release of P, and the production of 2-keto-d-gluconic acid over a standard 144-h cultivation period under standardized conditions. This research not only underscores the role of the pqqC gene as a universal marker for the rapid screening and functional annotation of PSB strains but also highlights its implications for enhancing soil fertility and crop yields, thereby contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. Our findings provide a foundation for future research aimed at developing targeted strategies to optimize phosphate solubilization, suggesting areas for further investigation such as the integration of these genomic insights into practical agricultural applications to maximize the effectiveness of PSB strains in real-world soil environments.
Characterization of necessary elements for a definition of resilience for the energy system
Authors: Jesse Bernhard-Johannes , Kramer Gert Jan , Koning Vinzenz
Published: July 2024

Background

To reduce the effects of climate change, the current fossil-based energy system must transition to a low-carbon system based largely on renewables. In both academic literature and non-academic discourse concerning the energy transition, resilience is frequently mentioned as an additional objective or requirement. Despite its frequent use, resilience is a very malleable term with different meanings in different contexts.

Main text

This paper seeks to identify how resilience is understood in the field of the energy system and whether there are similar aspects in the different ways the term is understood. To this end, we review more than 130 papers for definitions of energy system resilience. In addition, we use different aspects to categorize and examine these. The results paint a diverse picture in terms of the definition and understanding of resilience in the energy system. However, a few definition archetypes can be identified. The first uses a straightforward approach, in which the energy system has one clearly defined equilibrium state. Here, resilience is defined in relation to the response of the energy system to a disturbance and its ability to quickly return to its equilibrium. The second type of resilience allows for different equilibriums, to which a resilient energy system can move after a disruption. Another type of resilience focuses more on the process and the actions of the system in response to disruption. Here, resilience is defined as the ability of the system to adapt and change. In the papers reviewed, we find that the operational definition of resilience often encompasses aspects of different archetypes. This diversity shows that resilience is a versatile concept with different elements.

Conclusions

With this paper, we aim to provide insight into how the understanding of resilience for the energy system differs depending on which aspect of the energy system is studied, and which elements might be necessary for different understandings of resilience. We conclude by providing information and recommendations on the potential usage of the term energy system resilience based on our lessons learned.
Trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility among Chinese neonates from 2012 to 2021: a multicenter study
Authors: Yin Zhanghua , Tan Jintong , Huang Huafei , Zhao Jianyuan , Gong Xiaohui , Li Jing , Chen Chao , Luo Fei , Huang Xiaoyi , Wang Huaiyan , Lu Hongyan , Wu Mingfu , Yu Renqiang , Lei Xiaoping , Zhang Qian , Xu Fengdan , Li Ning , Jiang Hong , Fu Jianhua , Cheng Rui , Chen Yan , Zhang Yongjun
Published: July 2024

Background

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global public health issue. However, there are few reports on trends in antimicrobial susceptibility in Chinese neonates, and most of the existing evidence has been derived from adult studies. We aimed to assess the trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of common pathogens in full-term neonates with invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) in China.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey study analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibility in Chinese neonates with IBIs from 17 hospitals, spanning from January 2012 to December 2021. Joinpoint regression model was applied to illustrate the trends and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Using Mantel-Haenszel linear-by-linear association chi-square test, we further compared the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by pathogens between 2019 and 2021 to provide precise estimates of changes.

Results

The proportion of Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-negative strains increased from 0.0 to 88.5% (AAPC = 62.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 44.3%, 82.9%), with two breakpoints in 2014 and 2018 (p-trend < 0.001). The susceptibility of group B Streptococcus (GBS) to erythromycin and clindamycin increased by 66.7% and 42.8%, respectively (AAPC = 55.2%, 95% CI: 23.2%, 95.5%, p-trend = 0.002; AAPC = 54.8%, 95% CI: 9.6%, 118.6%, p-trend < 0.001), as did Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin (AAPC = 56.2%; 95% CI: 34.8%, 81.0%, p-trend < 0.001). However, the susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. to ampicillin declined from 100.0 to 25.0% (AAPC = − 11.7%, 95% CI: − 15.2%, − 8.1%, p-trend < 0.001), and no significant improvement was observed in the antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli to ampicillin, gentamicin, and cephalosporin. Additionally, the proportion of GBS/Staphylococcus aureus with relatively low MIC values for relevant antibiotics also increased in 2021 compared to 2019.

Conclusions

Antimicrobial susceptibility of the most prevalent pathogens in full-term neonates seemed to have improved or remained stable over the last decade in China, implying the effectiveness of policies and practice of antibiotic stewardship had gradually emerged.
Shear Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete Ferrocement Beams with Light Weight Core Material
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed H. , Alaa M. , Khaleel Gamal I. , Elsayed K. M. , Mansour M. H.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the shear behavior of ferro-cement hollow beams is investigated experimentally and analytically. Ten reinforced concrete beams with cross-sectional dimensions of 100 × 200 × 1300 mm and a clear span of 1000 mm were cast and tested until failure under a two-point loading system. Ferrocement beams in this research contained either an autoclaved aerated lightweight brick core (AAC) or an extruded foam core (EFC) and were reinforced with either expanded metal mesh (EMM) or welded wire mesh (WWM). The structural behavior of the studied beams, including first crack, deflection, ultimate load, crack pattern, failure mode, and ductility index, was investigated. The experimental data were used to validate finite element models created with the ABAQUS finite element program. It can be concluded that the optimum performance of ferrocement beams can be achieved using beams with a second layer of expanded steel mesh as additional reinforcement, which led to an increase in the ultimate load and maximum deflection by 12.9% and 22.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the Numerical results agreed with the experimental results, where the ratio between the NLFE ultimate loads and the experimental ultimate loads varies between 1.02 and 1.07, with an average ratio of 1.04.
“Eradicating hunger through climate litigation?” – An assessment of the opportunities and challenges of enforcing the human right to food through courts
Authors: Kunz Anna
Published: July 2024

Globally, hunger and malnutrition have been on the rise, with climate change exacerbating food insecurity by affecting food production and accessibility. In international law, the human right to food provides a legal protection for individuals. It emphasises that food should not just meet minimal nutritional needs but ensure the ability to obtain food in a dignified manner. In order to achieve this goal, the text discusses the role of climate litigation in addressing global hunger by focusing on the right to food in the context of increasing climate change impacts. It outlines the legal foundations and challenges associated with enforcing this right through various legal systems and the potential of using climate litigation as a tool to ensure food security.
Findings on celestial pole offsets predictions in the second earth orientation parameters prediction comparison campaign (2nd EOP PCC)
Authors: Wińska Małgorzata , Kur Tomasz , Śliwińska-Bronowicz Justyna , Nastula Jolanta , Dobslaw Henryk , Partyka Aleksander , Belda Santiago , Bizouard Christian , Boggs Dale , Chin Mike , Dhar Sujata , Ferrandiz Jose M. , Gou Junyang , Gross Richard , Guessoum Sonia , Heinkelmann Robert , Modiri Sadegh , Ratcliff Todd , Raut Shrishail , Schartner Matthias , Schuh Harald , Kiani Shahvandi Mostafa , Soja Benedikt , Thaller Daniela , Wu Yuanwei , Xu Xueqing , Yang Xinyu , Zhao Xin
Published: July 2024

In 2021, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) established a working group tasked with conducting the Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC) to assess the current accuracy of EOP forecasts. From September 2021 to December 2022, EOP predictions submitted by participants from various institutes worldwide were systematically collected and evaluated. This article summarizes the campaign's outcomes, concentrating on the forecasts of the dX, dY, and dψ, dε components of celestial pole offsets (CPO). After detailing the campaign participants and the methodologies employed, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the collected forecasts. We examine the discrepancies between observed and predicted CPO values and analyze their statistical characteristics such as mean, standard deviation, and range. To evaluate CPO forecasts, we computed the mean absolute error (MAE) using the IERS EOP 14 C04 solution as the reference dataset. We then compared the results obtained with forecasts provided by the IERS. The main goal of this study was to show the influence of different methods used on predictions accuracy. Depending on the evaluated prediction approach, the MAE values computed for day 10 of forecast were between 0.03 and 0.16 mas for dX, between 0.03 and 0.12 mas for dY, between 0.07 and 0.91 mas for dψ, and between 0.04 and 0.41 mas for dε. For day 30 of prediction, the corresponding MAE values ranged between 0.03 and 0.12 for dX, and between 0.03 and 0.14 mas for dY. This research shows that machine learning algorithms are the most promising approach in CPO forecasting and provide the highest prediction accuracy (0.06 mas for dX and 0.08 mas for dY for day 10 of prediction).

Graphical abstract
Basal emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes from major tree species in Japan: interspecies and intraspecies variabilities
Authors: Tani Akira , Masui Noboru , Chang Ting-Wei , Okumura Motonori , Kokubu Yutaka
Published: July 2024

Uncontrolled terpenoid emissions from forest trees in Japan may have contributed to high O3 concentrations observed in urban and suburban areas. To estimate ozone formation via a series of reactions between NOx and terpenoids using atmospheric chemistry models, it is important to produce terpenoid emission inventories by collecting all reported emission data for the major tree species in Japan and examining their reliability. In this review, we first describe three different plant terpenoid emission types, i.e., isoprene-emitting type, monoterpene-emitting type with storage tissues and organs, and monoterpene-emitting type without storage tissues and organs. Second, we describe various methods for measuring plant terpenoid emissions, including a recently developed simplified method, and explain their reliability. We emphasized that applicable measurement methods depend on the terpenoid emission types. Data obtained using static chamber methods should not be considered because they have the highest uncertainty resulting from normal chamber materials that are not specific to terpenoid measurements and lack humidity control. Finally, we show the absolute values of the collected emission rates and describe their variability. The deciduous oak species, Quercus serrata and Quercus mongolica var. crispula, and bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys bambusoides, are strong isoprene emitters. Among the monoterpene emitters, four evergreen broadleaf trees, including three Quercus species, had the highest basal emission rate (BER). The monoterpene storage type conifers Larix kaempferi and Pinus densiflora have relatively lower BERs. Emission data are not available for Castanopsis cuspidata, and seasonal changes in emission rates have not been reported for several major tree species in the top 20 rankings. Within species, the reported emission rates of some tree species differed by threefold. These differences may be attributed to the reliability of the measurement and analytical systems, tree age, leaf morphology, environmental conditions, and genetic diversity. We emphasize the need for reliable measurements to achieve a more precise terpenoid emission inventory for major tree species in Japan.
Utilizing a sutureless valve for prosthetic valve endocarditis after aortic root replacement
Authors: Hayatsu Yukihiro , Naganuma Masaaki , Nomura Hayate , Yamaya Kazuhiro , Hata Masaki
Published: July 2024

Background

Reoperation following aortic root replacement is associated with significantly high operative mortality. Etiologies related to infection are known to increase the operative mortality rate more than other etiologies. In such a clinical setting, a sutureless valve could lower the operative mortality by shortening the cardiac arrest and the operative time.

Case presentation

A 61-year-old male underwent emergent aortic root and total arch replacement with an open stent graft for acute type-A aortic dissection. A bioprosthetic valve was employed for aortic root replacement using the double-sewing ring technique. A fungal infection by Candida parapsilosis was postoperatively detected and improved with intravenous antifungal drug administration. However, he developed congestive heart failure one year later, and the blood cultures turned positive repeatedly for Candida parapsilosis. The prosthetic valve infection was suspected upon identifying vegetation on the bioprosthetic valve through transthoracic echocardiography. The computed tomography scan and operative findings confirmed that the infection was localized on the prosthetic valve. Consequently, the infected valve was removed without a vascular conduit, and a sutureless valve was implanted. The postoperative course was uneventful, without any evidence of recurrent fungal infection, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 28.

Conclusions

Deploying a sutureless valve can facilitate a more straightforward and minimally invasive redo procedure. Preoperative computed tomography can predict the valve size, which is the key to implanting a sutureless valve successfully after the modified Bentall procedure.
A case of late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed at 5 years with acute abdomen
Authors: Masuya Ryuta , Nakame Kazuhiko , Munakata Shun , Takeno Shinsuke , Nanashima Atsushi , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: July 2024

Background

Some congenital diaphragmatic hernias are diagnosed beyond 1 month. A late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia shows a variety of clinical manifestations, and the preoperative clinical course is variable. We herein report a pediatric case of late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed as acute abdomen.

Case presentation

A 5-year-old boy was brought to our hospital because of herniation of the intestine into the left thoracic cavity, which was observed on radiography performed for abdominal pain. Enhanced computed tomography showed herniation of the small intestine and colon into the left thoracic cavity. Emergency laparoscopic surgery was performed based on the diagnosis of left diaphragmatic hernia. The entire small intestine and part of the colon herniated from the posterolateral defect of the diaphragm. We were able to retract the herniated intestine back into the abdomen but confirmed that the diaphragmatic defect and closure of the defect seemed to be technically challenging via laparoscopy; therefore, we converted the procedure to open laparotomy. The diaphragmatic defect was directly closed with interrupted sutures, and the thoracic cavity was degassed. Postoperatively, the left lung was found to be poorly expanded, but pulmonary hypoplasia was not evident in this case.

Conclusions

We herein report a pediatric case of late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed as abdominal pain. Late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernias present with a wide variety of symptoms; therefore, it is important to be reminded of these conditions and check chest radiographs in children presenting with acute or chronic respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown etiology.
Factors influencing contraceptive utilisation among postpartum adolescent mothers: a cross sectional study at China-Uganda friendship hospital
Authors: Wambi Rogers , Mujuzi Huzaima , Siya Aggrey , Maryhilda C Changulo , Ibanda Ivan , Doreen Nalubiri , Stanely Walimbwa
Published: July 2024

Background

Globally, modern contraceptives remain underutilized among postpartum mothers resulting in the rise of short birth intervals. While there are a range of other factors that moderate the uptake of contraceptive services, understanding the significance of their influence is critical in public health programming. This study sought to analyze maternal and health facility factors influencing the utilization of contraceptives among postpartum mothers in urban areas of Uganda.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional study design, a health facility-based study in urban areas of Kampala was conducted from January to March 2023. A total of 332 women aged between 15 and 22 years were randomly selected for the interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using a statistical software program R version 4.1.2. Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with postpartum contraceptive intake among adolescent mothers.

Results

Overall, 28.3% of contraceptive usage was reported in the current study. The majority of the respondents, 98 (29.52%), were within the age group of 17–18 years, and the unmarried were 255 (76.81%). Factors associated with contraception use were income below UgX 500,000 (OR 4.546; CI 1.785–12,193, p = 0.002), occupation status of housewife and student (OR: 3.526; CI: 1.452–8.812, p = 0.006), distance of less than 5 km from health facility (OR: 2.62; CI 1.97–3.55; p = 0.028), and having a contraceptive preference (OR: 3.526; CI: 1.452–8.812, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Contraceptive use is low among adolescent post-partum mothers. Income, occupation status, proximity to a health facility, and preference for a particular contractive method are factors associated with contraceptive use in this study. Understanding attitudes and views regarding contraception use is therefore essential for creating effective interventions, given the detrimental effects of adolescent pregnancy.
The heart versus the brain, are they also different when it comes to post-vaccination complications, insights from a systematic review of post-COVID-19 vaccines ADEM cases
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine , Kamel Aya , Barakat Ameera , Mohammad Lana , Gaber Hanya , Mousa Yasmine Hisham , Hassanein Hana , Saleb Robert , Khalil Noha
Published: July 2024

Background

COVID-19 vaccines have been a game changer in the pandemic, their extensive use was favorable compared to the burden of COVID-19 complications. Despite the low incidence of complications, it was important to analyze them carefully to understand the underlying mechanisms and predisposing factors. For instance, myopericarditis especially from mRNA vaccines, and its relatively higher prevalence in young adults and adolescents has raised a public concern about the use of this vaccine in this group. We aimed through this review to compare the age likelihood of ADEM from COVID-19 vaccines, with that reported in myopericarditis cases; secondary outcome parameters included the gender and number of doses needed to induce COVID-19 vaccines related to ADEM.

Methodology

A literature search has been conducted on relevant databases to retrieve all case reports/series and systematic reviews describing ADEM with possible linkage to COVID-19. Exclusion criteria included any report not including the desired outcome parameters. Our results were then qualitatively compared with a similar systematic review reporting myopericarditis from COVID-19 vaccines.

Results

In 38 cases with ADEM, mean age was 49 ± 16 compared to 25 ± 14 in myopericarditis, females were more likely to be affected, and while most of myopericarditis cases develop after the second dose, most of ADEM cases develop after the first dose (76%). Moreover, age > 56 years was more predictive of negative outcome after ADEM in the form of death or permanent vegetative state.

Short conclusion

The discrepancy in age, gender and number of doses needed to induce complications between ADEM and myopericarditis, signify that the tissue affected is the major orchestrator of the age, gender, and dose characteristics, and not the type of vaccines. A leakier blood brain barrier with aging, might allow easier passage of autoantibodies and cytokines into the brain while lack of inhibitory immune checkpoints in the myocardium in young age might explain the higher prevalence of those cases in young adults and adolescents.
Genomic and culture-based analysis of Cyclaneusma minus in New Zealand provides evidence for multiple morphotypes
Authors: Tarallo Mariana , Dobbie Kiryn Barbara , Leite Luciano Nunes , Waters Tammy Leigh , Gillard Kristin Nikki Tasmin , Sen Diya , Mesarich Carl Hayden , Bradshaw Rosie Ellen , McDougal Rebecca Louise
Published: July 2024

Cyclaneusma needle cast, caused by Cyclaneusma minus, affects Pinus species world wide. Previous studies suggested the presence of two distinct morphotypes in New Zealand, ‘verum’ and ‘simile’. Traditional mycological analyses revealed a third morphotype with clear differences in colony morphology and cardinal growth rates at varying temperatures. Genome sequencing of eight C. minus isolates provided further evidence of the existence of a third morphotype, named as ‘novus’ in this study. To further analyse these morphotypes, we predicted candidate effector proteins for all eight isolates, and also characterized a cell-death eliciting effector family, Ecp32, which is present in other pine phytopathogens. In concordance with their distinct classification into three different morphotypes, the number of Ecp32 family members differed, with patterns of pseudogenization in the ‘simile’ morphotype, and some members being found exclusively either in the ‘simile’ or ‘verum’ morphotypes. We also showed that the Ecp32 family proteins trigger cell death in non-host Nicotiana species, and, as previously demonstrated in other plant pathogens, the Ecp32 family proteins in C. minus adopt a β-trefoil fold. These analyses provide further evidence that the three morphotypes might be distinct species that need formal descriptions. Understanding the geographical range of different Cyclaneusma species and variations in virulence and pathogenicity will provide a better understanding of pine needle diseases and enable the development of more durable methods to control this disease.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging for different brain masses characterization
Authors: Abdelnasser Reem M. , AbdelGaleel Aya , Farhoud Ahmed H. , Mazloum Yasser , Ihab Reda M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Diffusion kurtosis imaging is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique that reveals additional information on the microstructure and micro-dynamics of different brain masses without the need for contrast agents. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of MRI diffusion kurtosis and to compare it with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion (DSC) in characterizing different brain masses, including gliomas, recurrent tumors, radiation necrosis, abscesses, and infarctions. Sixty-six patients with intracranial brain masses were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were examined by conventional MRI sequences, DSC perfusion, MRS, and diffusion kurtosis imaging, with implemented b values which were 200, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000s/mm2.

Results

Mean kurtosis (MK) was higher (P < 0.001) in recurrent brain tumors than in radiation-induced necrosis; the optimal MK cutoff value for differentiation between them was 642 with 91.3% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Mean kurtosis was also higher (P < 0.001) in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas; the optimal MK cutoff value for differentiation between them was 639 with 91.6% sensitivity and 85.71% specificity. There was a good level of agreement between ADC and MD within the studied cases, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.815. MK had more sensitivity and specificity in differentiation between high- and low-grade gliomas, as well as RIN and tumoral recurrence, than MRS and DSC.

Conclusions

Diffusion kurtosis imaging stands as an integral, noninvasive, and noncontrast tool for the characterization of various brain masses. It augments the capabilities of traditional and advanced MRI techniques, providing a deeper understanding of the microstructural changes in brain tissues.
LSD-assisted therapy in patients with anxiety: open-label prospective 12-month follow-up
Authors: Holze Friederike , Gasser Peter , Müller Felix , Strebel Manuel , Liechti Matthias E.
Published: July 2024

Background

Anxiety disorders are a major public health burden with limited treatment options.

Aims

We investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-assisted therapy in patients with anxiety with or without life-threatening illness.

Method

This study was an a priori-planned long-term follow-up of an investigator-initiated, two-centre trial that used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, random-order, crossover design with two sessions with either oral LSD (200 μg) or placebo per period. Participants (n = 39) were followed up 1 year after the end-of-study visit to assess symptoms of anxiety, depression and long-term effects of psychedelics using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory–Global (STAI-G), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Persisting Effects Questionnaire and measures of personality traits using the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory.

Results

Participants reported a sustained reduction of STAI-G scores compared with baseline (least square means (95% CI) = −21.6 (−32.7, −10.4), d = 1.04, P < 0.001, for those who received LSD in the first period (94 weeks after the last LSD treatment) and −16.5 (−26.2, −6.8), d = 1.02, P < 0.05, for those who received LSD in the second period (68 weeks after the last LSD treatment)). Similar effects were observed for comorbid depression with change from baseline BDI scores of −8.1 (−13.2, −3.1), d = 0.71, P < 0.01, and −8.9 (−12.9, −4.9), d = 1.21, P < 0.01, for the LSD-first and placebo-first groups, respectively. Personality trait neuroticism decreased (P < 0.0001) and trait extraversion increased (P < 0.01) compared with study inclusion. Individuals attributed positive long-term effects to the psychedelic experience.

Conclusions

Patients reported sustained long-term effects of LSD-assisted therapy for anxiety.
Paraneoplastic Diarrhea From Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Resolved With Yttrium-90 Radioembolization of Liver Metastases
Authors: Hamidi Sarah , Mahvash Armeen , Hu Mimi I
Published: July 2024

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) can often have an indolent course despite distant metastatic disease. Additionally, given that metastatic MTC is incurable and systemic therapies have non-negligeable toxicities, localized treatments are often favored in presence of oligo-progressive disease. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with yttrium-90 (Y90) has emerged as a safe and efficacious treatment for nonresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors, yet data supporting its use in metastatic MTC are limited. We present the case of a patient with hereditary MTC and large bilobar liver metastases who demonstrated tumor response and resolution of their paraneoplastic diarrhea following TARE with Y90 microspheres.
Model of Arteriovenous Malformation Created in Human Placenta for Training in Vascular Microneurosurgery
Authors: Jiménez Luis Ángel Canache , Salvagni Felipe Pereira , Biondi-Soares Luis Gustavo , Apaza-Tintaya René Alejandro , Aguaisa Edgar David Tenelema , de Almeida Ildonete Rodrigues , Wuo-Silva Raphael , da Costa Marcos Devanir Silva , Sarti Talita Helena Martins , Chaddad-Neto Feres
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions, and because of their structure, complexity, flow, size, and location organization, they are lesions that require extensive anatomic knowledge and mastery of microsurgical skills and techniques. Human placentas as a training model for AVM surgery are promising alternatives. This article aims to describe the technique for forming an AVM-type lesion in human placentas and its usefulness in the training of microsurgical treatment techniques.

METHODS:

In this study, 15 fresh human placental models were treated. A nidus was created using synthetic material, and dynamic flow was evaluated with intravascular injection of Indocyanine Green. The catheter system was connected to a continuous flow infusion pump. For simulation purposes, 4 vascular neurosurgeons and 4 vascular neurosurgery fellows used the same techniques and instruments used in real surgery to simulate the resection of AVM lesions. Subjective assessments were conducted, evaluating the validity and structured content on a 5-point Likert scale. Evaluation criteria included the execution of technical maneuvers and the model's expression and structural aspects.

RESULTS:

We describe the step-by-step creation of an AVM in a placental biological model for the performance of vascular microsurgery training in the laboratory. We created in the human placenta a lesion with the characteristics of an AVM for microsurgical training in the laboratory, which presents key features realistic to a real AVM, such as 1 or more feeder arteries, nidus (synthetic), draining vein(s), continuous and pulsatile flow, and 3-dimensional configuration. Furthermore, it demonstrates the applicability of microsurgical techniques to the model compared with performing surgery on a patient.

CONCLUSION:

Considering it an effective method for laboratory training, the creation of arteriovenous malformations in human placentas enables students to replicate, comprehend the structure, and master microsurgical techniques in a realistic model.
Trust in open publishing practices
Authors: Kalmar Eva , Elzer Thijs , Nastase Nicoleta , Bolhuis Thirza , Germain Nathaniel , Rietveld Maurits , Tao Yiwei , de Wolff Sophie
Published: July 2024

Background Scientific publishing is a critical part of scientific enquiry; individual excellence is often measured by the number of publications, and the journals in which these publications appeared count enormously. Open Science practices, such as open access, open review, random gatekeeping and shared governance, are implemented in various journals and publishing platforms, providing alternative ways of publishing. But how are these practices trusted? Methods We have created a theoretical framework for trust in the context of academic publishing and investigated to what extent Dutch researchers find these ways of publishing trustworthy. We have performed a survey to compare the trustworthiness of novel and classical ways of publishing and conducted multiple interviews to figure out why scientists find certain publishing practices more attractive than others. Results In the academic publishing system, we have identified various interdependent relationships between stakeholders in which there is a certain level of uncertainty; therefore, we can assume that trust plays a relevant role here. Based on the literature review and interview results, trustworthiness turned out to be one of the most important factors in choosing journals to read relevant scientific discoveries and to publish papers. The survey results suggest that some aspects of open publishing, such as open access, open peer review and shared governance are well-known and widely accepted and trusted amongst the participants, while others, like participatory peer review or random gatekeeping, were less known. In these cases, many researchers formulated concerns about the competence of the randomly assigned gatekeeper and the reviewers coming from the wider community. Conclusions Our results highlight a shift in social norms within the Dutch scientific community, formulating critical voices towards the profit-oriented nature of classical scientific publishing and highlighting the importance of open access to scientific results, supporting open peer review and publishers with shared governance.
Leveraging Copernicus for Ice Block Detection: A Step Towards Safer Arctic Navigation
Authors: Alonso Jesús , Silva Tatiana
Published: July 2024

Background The Arctic is becoming more accessible due to ice melting, posing challenges for navigation due to floating ice blocks. Detecting these ice blocks is crucial for ensuring the safety of vessels navigating these waters. Methods This study introduces a novel method for detecting ice blocks in the Arctic using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite images from the Sentinel-1 mission of the Copernicus program. Our approach combines state-of-the-art image segmentation and deep learning techniques. We utilize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier to accurately locate ice blocks within the images and retrieve their geographic coordinates. The method's performance is validated using precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. Results Our CNN classifier demonstrates robust performance in detecting ice blocks, validated through precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The practical application of our technology was showcased in the AI-ARC project’s Arctic demo, receiving positive feedback from coast guards across various European countries. The system provides near-real-time alerts about detected ice blocks, allowing for timely route adjustments and reducing collision risks. Conclusions The developed system significantly contributes to Arctic navigation safety by providing accurate and timely detection of ice blocks. This work underscores the transformative potential of AI in environmental monitoring and maritime safety. Future refinements will be based on user feedback and advancements in AI technology, enhancing the system's effectiveness and reliability.
Learning Hidden Markov Models with Structured Transition Dynamics
Authors: Ma Simin , Dehghanian Amin , Garcia Gian-Gabriel , Serban Nicoleta
Published: July 2024

The hidden Markov model (HMM) provides a natural framework for modeling the dynamic evolution of latent diseases. The unknown probability matrices of HMMs can be learned through the well-known Baum–Welch algorithm, a special case of the expectation-maximization algorithm. In many disease models, the probability matrices possess nontrivial properties that may be represented through a set of linear constraints. In these cases, the traditional Baum–Welch algorithm is no longer applicable because the maximization step cannot be solved by an explicit formula. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to efficiently solve the maximization step problem under linear constraints by providing a Lagrangian dual reformulation that we solve by an accelerated gradient method. The performance of this approach critically depends on devising a fast method to compute the gradient in each iteration. For this purpose, we employ dual decomposition and derive Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions to reduce our problem into a set of single variable equations, solved using a simple bisection method. We apply this method to a case study on sports-related concussion and provide an extensive numerical study using simulation. We show that our approach is in orders of magnitude computationally faster and more accurate than other alternative approaches. Moreover, compared with other methods, our approach is far less sensitive with respect to increases in problem size. Overall, our contribution lies in the advancement of accurately and efficiently handling HMM parameter estimation under linear constraints, which comprises a wide range of applications in disease modeling and beyond.

History: Accepted by Paul Brooks, Area Editor for Applications in Biology, Medicine, & Healthcare.

Funding: This research was funded by [Grant R01DE028283] from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health. G.-G. Garcia was also funded by the Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance National Institutes of Health award [Grant UL1-TR002378].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0342 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0342 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Knowledge and Use of Social Networks in University Students from Mexico and Spain
Authors: Lema-Moreira Estefanía , Ramos-Monsivais Cynthia Lizeth , Río-Urenda Susana Del
Published: July 2024

It is unclear how social networks can be utilized in educational settings. An exploratory study was conducted to examine the differences between university students in Mexico and Spain in terms of their perceptions of knowledge and utilization of networks in the university environment. An overall sample of 378 students was collected from two public universities, one in Mexico and one in Spain. This study utilized descriptive statistics as part of a contingency analysis, X2 with correction was used for the analysis of differences, Mann-Whitney U for the analysis of independence, Mantel-Haenszel test for association degree, Cramer's V for strength of association, Spearman's correlation coefficient for correlations. According to the results, the use of social networks is clearly related to country of origin, but not to gender. It seems that Instagram is a platform widely used by both Mexican and Spanish students, but it is not used in educational environments. Therefore, the use of social networks in higher education contexts differs by country, as does the knowledge of social bookmarking and the distribution of content to share information and resources.
El canonge Mulet (Manresa, †1428). Mort, resurrecció i paleopatologia
Authors: Guerrero i Sala Lluís
Published: July 2024

El canonge Francesc Mulet, de la canònica de la Mare deDéu de l’Alba de Manresa, és un personatge que forma part de lahistòria de la ciutat. També de la tradició, basada en el prodigi dela seva mort, el 1428. Arran d’un incendi la nit del 13 al 14 dedesembre de 2012, n’estudiem les restes òssies i detalleml’osteobiografia, la patologia peri mortem i l’any aproximat del seunaixement, desconegut, i en fem una probable identificació.
Three-dimensional image encryption based on structured light illumination and an iterative layer-oriented angular-spectrum algorithm
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Su Yanfeng , Xue Lijuan , Wang Zhihan , Xue Ruijie , Zhong Wenqi , Li Jinsong , Cai Zhijian , Wan Wenqiang
Published: July 2024

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) image encryption method is
proposed based on structured light illumination and an iterative
layer-oriented angular-spectrum algorithm, where the original 3D
plaintext image is encrypted into a phase-only hologram ciphertext
(POHC). The structured light is generated by using a structured phase
mask (SPM), and the optical parameters in the SPM all serve as the
supplementary keys for increasing the types and quantities of security
keys, expanding the key space and enhancing the level of security.
Moreover, the introduction of structured light also enhances the
invisibility of the ciphertext and concealment of the valid
information, overcoming an inherent silhouette problem of the POHC
calculated by a traditional layer-oriented angular-spectrum algorithm,
and the iterative calculation also suppresses the speckle noise of the
decrypted 3D image, improving the decryption quality. Numerical
simulations are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the
proposed 3D image encryption method, and the simulation results show
that the proposed method exhibits a high feasibility and security, as
well as strong robustness.
Work-related smartphone use during off-job hours and work-life conflict: A scoping review
Authors: Blake Holly , Hassard Juliet , Singh Jasmeet , Teoh Kevin
Published: July 2024

Over recent decades the use of smartphones for work purposes has burgeoned both within and beyond working hours. The aim of the study was to conduct a scoping review to explore the association between the use of smartphone technology for work purposes in off-job hours with employees’ self-reported work-life conflict. Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was adopted. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Academic Search Complete, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, ProQuest Theses, Emerald, Business Source Complete, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar. Articles were eligible that reported on a sample of workers, were published in English between 1stJanuary 2012 and 29thNovember 2023. The review was conducted and reported using a quality assessment checklist and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Data charting and synthesis was undertaken narratively, using the framework approach and thematic analysis. Twenty-three studies were identified, conducted in nine countries. Nineteen studies (83%) showed a significant association between increased use of smartphone for work purposes in off job-hours and increased work-life conflict, with small-to-moderate effect sizes. This relationship was mediated by psychological detachment from work, and communication about family demands with one’s supervisor. Moderators either strengthened or attenuated the relationship between use of smartphone for work purposes in off job-hours and increased work-life conflict. Findings suggest that smartphone use during off-job hours is likely to impact negatively on work-life conflict, which has implications for employee wellbeing. Managers could play a key role in clarifying expectations about after-hours availability, reducing job pressure, advocating psychological detachment from work in off-job hours where it is appropriate, and creating a workplace culture where communication about the interplay between work and home life is encouraged. The protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WFZU6).
Unique advantages of dynamic l-[11C]methionine PET/CT for assessing the rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis: A pilot trial in young men
Authors: Sumi Koichiro , Yamazaki Kana , Nishii Ryuichi , Sakuda Misato , Nakamura Kentaro , Ashida Kinya , Tamura Kentaro , Higashi Tatsuya
Published: July 2024

Although the standard method to evaluate skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is muscle biopsy, the method is invasive and problematic for multisite use. We conducted a small pilot study in volunteers to investigate changes in MPS according to skeletal muscle site using a noninvasive method in which 6 healthy young men were given yogurt (containing 20 g milk protein) or water, and 1 h later, l-[11C]methionine ([11C]Met) was administered intravenously. Dynamic PET/CT imaging of their thighs was performed for 60 min. The influx constant Ki of [11C]Met in skeletal muscle protein was calculated as an index of MPS using a Patlak plot, and found to be 0.6%–28% higher after ingesting yogurt than after water in 5 of the 6 volunteer participants, but it was 34% lower in the remaining participant. Overall, this indicated no significant increase in Ki after ingesting milk protein. However, when the quadriceps and hamstring muscles were analyzed separately, we found a significant difference in Ki. This demonstrates the potential of visualizing MPS by calculating the Ki for each voxel and reconstructing it as an image, which presents unique advantages of [11C]Met PET/CT for evaluating MPS, such as site-specificity and visualization.
Comparative efficacy of 0.1% and 0.15% Sodium Hyaluronate on lipid layer and meibomian glands following cataract surgery: A randomized prospective study
Authors: Yang Seung Ahn , Jeong Mu Ryang , Park Cheon Ho , Cheon Ki Bum , Chang Jun Ho , Lee Ji Eun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of a 0.15% HA with that of 0.1% HA eye drops for DES after cataract surgery.

Methods

This study was double blinded, randomized and prospective study, and conducted in 69 participants (70 eyes) from Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital and executed from February 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022. Participants were adult cataract patients with normal lid position, not suffering from any other ocular disease and not meet the exclusion cirteria of clinical trial. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: 35 participants (17 males and 18 females) in the 0.1% HA group and 34 participants (19 males and 15 females) in the 0.15% HA group, receiving treatment six times daily for 6 weeks following cataract surgery. Subjective and objective assessments were performed at preoperative and postoperative visits, including ocular surface disease index score, tear break up time, corneal staining score, Schirmer’s I test score, lipid layer thickness), meiboscore, and biochemical analysis of the eye drops.

Results

Throughout the study, the postoperative ocular surface disease index score was significantly lower in the group receiving 0.15% hyaluronic acid than in the group receiving 0.1% hyaluronic acid. Additionally, the postoperative ocular surface disease index score showed a significant positive correlation with the postoperative use of 0.15% hyaluronic acid and the preoperative Schirmer’s I test score. In multivariate analysis, treatment with 0.15% hyaluronic acid and the preoperative ocular surface disease index score were significant independent parameters affecting the postoperative ocular surface disease index score.

Conclusion

The use of 0.15% hyaluronic acid is recommended for its potential advantages in alleviating symptoms following cataract surgery, making it a viable alternative to traditional 0.1% hyaluronic acid treatment.

Trial registration

ISRCTN95830348.