bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of low-cost, compact chiroptical imaging systems
Authors: Ward Matthew D. , Docherty Ronan , Minion Louis , Shi Xingyuan , Anson Kai , Siligardi Giuliano , Nelson Jenny , Wade Jessica , Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: June 2024

Real-time circularly polarised imaging is achieved using two low-cost (<£2000) and compact imaging systems controlled by open-source python software.
A new method for synthesizing terminal olefins from esters using the Corey–Chaykovsky reagent
Authors: Shi Hucheng , Yue Guoren , Yan Penji , Ji Xiangdong , Wei Yangfei , Song Hai , Jia Xin
Published: June 2024

A new synthetic method for terminal olefins was developed through the reaction of the Corey–Chaykovsky reagent with readily available esters. A mechanism involving nucleophilic addition, elimination and rearrangement is supported by DFT calculations.
Fine-tuning of film morphology through addition of a third component enables organic solar cells with efficiency over 18%
Authors: Wang Kun , Sun Chunxiao , Zhang Cheng , Bai Haolei , Sang Shuyang , Li Yuechen , Chen Zekun , Hu Jia’nan , Li Xiaojun , Meng Lei , Li Yongfang
Published: June 2024

By incorporating an acceptor Y-TNF with a structure analogous to Y6 as the third component, the nanofiber structure of the active layer is further optimized, the molecular arrangement is more ordered, and the PCE of the device reaches 18.1%.
Towards sustainable TiO2 photoelectrodes based on cellulose nanocrystals as a processing adjuvant
Authors: Martínez-Barón C. , Calvo V. , Hernández-Ferrer J. , Villacampa B. , Ansón-Casaos A. , González-Domínguez J. M. , Maser W. K. , Benito A. M.
Published: June 2024

Cellulose nanocrystals, in combination with TiO2 nanoparticles, allow a greener processing of photoelectrodes with improved functionality in water splitting conditions, compared to commercial pastes.
Alkylation of α-pinene with isobutene/isobutane over Hβ zeolite
Authors: Jiao Zhaocai , Liu Mingzu , Yang Ningbo , Yu Fengli , Xie Congxia , Yu Shitao , Yuan Bing
Published: June 2024

Hybrid alkylation performance of α-pinene with isobutene/isobutane towards bio-based high-energy-density fuels using Hβ-25n zeolite as a catalyst.
Head pose estimation with particle swarm optimization‐based contrastive learning and multimodal entangled GCN
Authors: Lian Yuanfeng , Shi Yinliang , Liu Zhaonian , Jiang Bin , Li Xingtao
Published: June 2024

Head pose estimation is an especially challenging task due to the complexity nonlinear mapping from 2D feature space to 3D pose space. To address the above issue, this paper presents a novel and efficient head pose estimation framework based on particle swarm optimized contrastive learning and multimodal entangled graph convolution network. Firstly, a new network, the region and difference‐aware feature pyramid network (RD‐FPN), is proposed for 2D keypoints detection to alleviate the background interference and enhance the feature expressiveness. Then, particle swarm optimized contrastive learning is constructed to alternatively match 2D and 3D keypoints, which takes the multimodal keypoints matching accuracy as the optimization objective, while considering the similarity of cross‐modal positive and negative sample pairs from contrastive learning as a local contrastive constraint. Finally, multimodal entangled graph convolution network is designed to enhance the ability of establishing geometric relationships between keypoints and head pose angles based on second‐order bilinear attention, in which point‐edge attention is introduced to improve the representation of geometric features between multimodal keypoints. Compared with other methods, the average error of our method is reduced by 8.23%, indicating the accuracy, generalization, and efficiency of our method on the 300W‐LP, AFLW2000, BIWI datasets.
Hot subdwarfs in close binaries observed from space
Authors: Barlow B. N. , Kupfer T. , Smith B. A. , Schaffenroth V. , Parker I.
Published: June 2024

Detailed studies of hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars with red dwarf (dM) or brown dwarf (BD) companions can shed light on the effects of binarity on late stellar evolution. Such systems exhibit a strong, quasi-sinusoidal reflection effect due to irradiation of the cool companion, and some even show primary and secondary eclipses. For this work, we computed Fourier transforms of TESS light curves of sdB+dM/BD binaries and investigate correlations between the relative amplitudes and phases of their harmonics and system parameters. We show that the reflection effect shape strongly depends on the orbital inclination, with nearly face-on systems having much more sinusoidal shapes than nearly edge-on systems. This information is encoded by the relative strength of the first harmonic in the Fourier transform. By comparing observations of solved systems to synthetic light curves generated bylcurve, we find that the inclination of non-eclipsing systems with high signal-to-noise light curves can be determined to within ≈10° simply by measuring their orbital periods and first harmonic strengths. We also discovered a slight asymmetry in the reflection effect shape of sdB+dM/BD binaries using the relative phase of the first harmonic. From our analysis of synthetic light curves, we conclude the asymmetry results from relativistic beaming of both stellar components. This marks the first time Doppler beaming has been detected in sdB+dM/BD systems. Although advanced modeling is necessary to quantify the effects of secondary parameters, such as limb darkening, the temperature ratio, and the radius ratio on the reflection effect shape, our pilot study demonstrates that it might be possible to extract both the inclination angle and cool companion velocity from the light curves of non-eclipsing systems.
MATRICS: The implicit matrix-free Eulerian hydrodynamics solver
Authors: Meyer Johannes , Fuksman Julio David Melon , Klahr Hubert
Published: June 2024

Context. There exists a zoo of different astrophysical fluid dynamics solvers, most of which are based on an explicit formulation and hence stability-limited to small time steps dictated by the Courant number expressing the local speed of sound. With this limitation, the modeling of low-Mach-number flows requires small time steps that introduce significant numerical diffusion, and a large amount of computational resources are needed. On the other hand, implicit methods are often developed to exclusively model the fully incompressible or 1D case since they require the construction and solution of one or more large (non)linear systems per time step, for which direct matrix inversion procedures become unacceptably slow in two or more dimensions.

Aims. In this work, we present a globally implicit 3D axisymmetric Eulerian solver for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations including the energy equation using conservative formulation and a fully simultaneous approach. We use the second-order-in-time backward differentiation formula for temporal discretization as well as the κ scheme for spatial discretization. We implement different limiter functions to prohibit the occurrence of spurious oscillations in the vicinity of discontinuities. Our method resembles the well-known monotone upwind scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL). We briefly present efficient solution methods for the arising sparse and nonlinear system of equations.

Methods. To deal with the nonlinearity of the Navier–Stokes equations we used a Newton iteration procedure in which the required Jacobian matrix-vector product was reconstructed with a first-order finite difference approximation to machine precision in a matrix-free way. The resulting linear system was solved either completely matrix-free with a combination of a sufficient Krylov solver and an approximate Jacobian preconditioner or semi-matrix-free with the incomplete lower upper factorization technique as a preconditioner. The latter was dependent on a standalone approximation of the Jacobian matrix, which was optionally calculated and needed solely for the purpose of preconditioning.

Results. We show our method to be capable of damping sound waves and resolving shocks even at Courant numbers larger than one. Furthermore, we prove the method’s ability to solve boundary value problems like the cylindrical Taylor-Couette flow (TC), including viscosity, and to model transition flows. To show the latter, we recover predicted growth rates for the vertical shear instability, while choosing a time step orders of magnitude larger than the explicit one. Finally, we verify that our method is second order in space by simulating a simplistic, stationary solar wind.
SiO maser polarization and magnetic field in evolved cool stars
Authors: Marinho L. , Herpin F. , Wiesemeyer H. , López Ariste A. , Baudry A. , Asensio Ramos A. , Lèbre A. , Mathias P. , Montargès M.
Published: June 2024

Context. Magnetic fields, photospheric and atmospheric dynamics can be involved in triggering the high mass loss observed in evolved cool stars. Previous works have revealed that the magnetic field of these objects extends beyond their surface. The origin of this magnetic field is still debated. The possible mechanisms include a turbulent dynamo, convection, stellar pulsation, and cool spots.

Aims. Our goal is to estimate the magnetic field strength in the inner circumstellar envelope of six evolved cool stars (five Miras and one red supergiant). Combining this work with previous studies, we tentatively constrain the global magnetic field type and shed light on the mechanisms that cause it.

Methods. Using the XPOL polarimeter installed at the IRAM-30 m telescope, we observed the 28SiO v = 1, J = 2 − 1 maser line emission and obtained simultaneous spectroscopic measurements of the four Stokes parameters. Applying a careful calibration method for Stokes Q, U, and V, we derived estimates of the magnetic field strength from the circular and linear polarization fractions considering the saturated and unsaturated maser cases under the Zeeman hypothesis.

Results. Magnetic field strengths from several Gauss up to several dozen Gauss are derived. These new and more accurate measurements constrain the field strength in the region of 2–5 stellar radii better than previous studies and appear to exclude a global poloidal magnetic field type. The combination of a toroidal and poloidal field is not excluded, however. A variation in the magnetic field strength over a two-month timescale is observed in one Mira star, which suggests a possible link to the stellar phase, that is, a link with pulsation and photospheric activity.
AGNFITTER-RX: Modeling the radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distributions of AGNs
Authors: Martínez-Ramírez L. N. , Rivera G. Calistro , Lusso E. , Bauer F. E. , Nardini E. , Buchner J. , Brown M. J. I. , Pineda J. C. B. , Temple M. J. , Banerji M. , Stalevski M. , Hennawi J. F.
Published: June 2024

We present new advancements in the modeling of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of active galaxies by introducing the radio-to-X-ray fitting capabilities of the publicly available Bayesian code AGNFITTER. The new code release, called AGNFITTER-RX, models the broad-band photometry covering the radio, infrared (IR), optical, ultraviolet (UV), and X-ray bands consistently using a combination of theoretical and semi-empirical models of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and host-galaxy emission. This framework enables the detailed characterization of four physical components of the active nuclei, namely the accretion disk, the hot dusty torus, the relativistic jets and core radio emission, and the hot corona, and can be used to model three components within the host galaxy: stellar populations, cold dust, and the radio emission from the star-forming regions. Applying AGNFITTER-RX to a diverse sample of 36 AGN SEDs at z ≲ 0.7 from the AGN SED ATLAS, we investigated and compared the performance of state-of-the-art torus and accretion disk emission models in terms of fit quality and inferred physical parameters. We find that clumpy torus models that include polar winds and semi-empirical accretion disk templates including emission-line features significantly increase the fit quality in 67% of the sources by reducing by 2σ fit residuals in the 1.5-5 μm and 0.7 μm regimes. We demonstrate that, by applying AGNFITTER-RX to photometric data, we are able to estimate the inclination and opening angles of the torus, consistent with spectroscopic classifications within the AGN unified model, as well as black hole masses congruent with virial estimates based on Hα. We investigate wavelength-dependent AGN fractions across the spectrum for Type 1 and Type 2 AGNs, finding dominant AGN fractions in radio, mid-infrared, and X-ray bands, which are in agreement with the findings from empirical methods for AGN selection. The wavelength coverage and the flexibility for the inclusion of state-of-the-art theoretical models make AGNFITTER-RX a unique tool for the further development of SED modeling for AGNs in present and future radio-to-X-ray galaxy surveys.
Orbital evolution of a tidally stripped star and disk-driven stable mass transfer for QPEs in GSN 069
Authors: Wang Di
Published: June 2024

Context. A plausible origin for the quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) could be mass loss at the periastron of a body moving around the supermassive black hole (SMBH) on a highly eccentric orbit. This kind of tidally stripped star is expected to radiate gravitational waves, thereby leading to a shrinkage of the periastron distance. As a result, it will eventually be disrupted by the SMBH, as suggested by previous studies.

Aims. This scenario predicts a gradually increasing mass transfer, contradicting the long-term evolution of the observed intensity of QPEs in GSN 069.

Methods. In this work, we revisit the orbital evolution of the stripped star and we propose a model of a tidally stripped WD moving inside an accretion disk for QPEs, aimed at characterizing GSN 069.

Results. We found the effect of the mass transfer ultimately dominates the orbital evolution, resulting in the stripped star finally escaping the SMBH, rather than being disrupted by it. The drag force induced by the disk may effectively reduce the mass transfer and could thus explain the observed long-term evolution in the intensity of the QPEs in GSN 069. The disk is likely a fallback disk of the tidal disruption event in GSN 069. Considering the evolution of its accretion rate, this scenario could also explain the increase in the intensity of the latest eruption.
Impact of primordial black hole dark matter on gas properties at very high redshift: Semianalytical model
Authors: Casanueva-Villarreal C. , Tissera P. B. , Padilla N. , Liu B. , Bromm V. , Pedrosa S. , Bignone L. , Dominguez-Tenreiro R.
Published: June 2024

Context. Primordial black holes (PBHs) have been proposed as potential candidates for dark matter (DM) and have garnered significant attention in recent years.

Aims. Our objective is to delve into the distinct impact of PBHs on the gas properties and their potential role in shaping the cosmic structure. Specifically, we aim to analyze the evolving gas properties while considering the presence of accreting PBHs with varying monochromatic masses and in different quantities. By studying the feedback effects produced by this accretion, our final goal is to assess the plausibility of PBHs as candidates for DM.

Methods. We developed a semianalytical model that works on top of the CIELO hydrodynamical simulation around z ∼ 23. This model enables a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of gas properties affected by PBHs. Our focus lies on the temperature and hydrogen abundances, with specific emphasis on the region closest to the halo center. We explore PBH masses of 1, 33, and 100 M⊙, located within mass windows in which a substantial fraction of DM could exist in the form of PBHs. We investigated various DM fractions composed of these PBHs (fPBH > 10−4).

Results. Our findings suggest that PBHs with masses of 1 M⊙ and fractions greater than or equal to approximately 10−2 would be ruled out due to the significant changes induced in the gas properties. The same applies to PBHs with a mass of 33 M⊙ and 100 M⊙ and fractions greater than approximately 10−3. These effects are particularly pronounced in the region nearest to the halo center, potentially leading to delayed galaxy formation within halos.
RTModel: A platform for real-time modeling and massive analyses of microlensing events
Authors: Bozza V.
Published: June 2024

Context. The microlensing of stars in our Galaxy has long been used to detect and characterize stellar populations, exoplanets, brown dwarfs, stellar remnants, and all other objects that may magnify the source stars with their gravitational fields. The interpretation of microlensing light curves is relatively simple for single lenses and single sources, but it becomes more and more complicated when we add more objects and take their relative motions into account.

Aims. RTModel is a modeling platform that has been very active in the real-time investigations of microlensing events, providing preliminary models that have proven very useful for driving follow-up resources towards the most interesting events. The success of RTModel comes from its ability to carry out a thorough and focused exploration of the parameter space in a relatively short time.

Methods. This modeling process is based on three key ideas. First, the initial conditions are chosen from a template library including all possible caustic crossing and approaches. The fits are then made using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with the addition of a bumper mechanism to explore multiple minima. Finally, the basic computations of microlensing magnification are performed by the fast and robust VBBinaryLensing package.

Results. In this paper, we illustrate all the algorithms of RTModel in detail with the intention to foster new approaches in view of future microlensing pipelines aimed at massive microlensing analyses.
From ID-TIMS U-Pb dating of single monazite grain to APT-nanogeochronology: application to the UHT granulites of Andriamena (North-Central Madagascar)
Authors: Turuani M.J. , Seydoux-Guillaume A.-M. , Laurent A.T. , Fougerouse D. , Harley S.L. , Reddy S.M. , Goncalves P. , Saxey D.W. , Michaud J. , Montel J.-M. , Nicollet C. , Paquette J.-L.
Published: June 2024

The causes of U-Pb isotopic discordance documented by Paquette et al. (2004) in monazite grains from the ultra-high temperature (UHT) granulite of the Andriamena unit of Madagascar are re-evaluated in the light of nanoscale crystal-chemical characterization utilising Atom Probe Tomography (APT) and state-of-the-art Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). APT provides isotopic (208Pb/232Th) dating and information on the chemical segregation of trace elements (e.g., Pb) in monazite at nanoscale. Latest generation of STEM allows complementary high-resolution chemical and structural characterization at nanoscale. In situ isotopic U–Pb dating with Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) on 25 monazite grains and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on zircon have been employed to refine the age spectra. Monazite and zircon grains located in quartz and garnet formed with the peak UHT metamorphic assemblage, which is partially overprinted by retrograde coronitic textures. Zircon grains hosted in garnet and in quartz yield concordant U–Pb ages at 2758 ± 28 Ma and 2609 ± 51 Ma, respectively whereas monazite grains hosted in quartz and garnet show a discordant Pb* loss trend on the Concordia diagram recording disturbance at 1053 ± 246 Ma that is not seen by the zircon, underlining the importance of combining the use of monazite and zircon to understand the history of polymetamorphic rocks. The Pb*-loss trend of monazite is related to petrographic position, with less Pb* lost from monazite hosted in quartz and garnet than monazite hosted in the coronitic reaction texture domains. STEM shows that the garnet- and quartz-hosted monazite grains contain more Pb-bearing nanophases than monazite grains located in the coronitic textures. An inverse correlation between the number of Pb-bearing nanophases and the percentage of Pb*-loss in monazite grains demonstrates that Pb* is retained in the grain in the form of nanophases. The formation of Pb-bearing nanophases limits Pb*-loss at the grain scale and therefore allows the preservation of early events. 208Pb/232Th ratios obtained with APT in monazite located in quartz and garnet and excluding Pb*-bearing nanophases indicate a mean age of 1059 ± 129 Ma corresponding to a disturbance event hitherto undetected in the geochronological record of the Andriamena unit. Thus, geochronology with APT allows access to information and the definition of events that may be blurred or obscured when examined at lower spatial resolution.
Calculation of the producing surfaces of milling cutters for processing gears of eccentric-cycloidal engagement
Authors: Kuts Vadim , Malneva Julia
Published: June 2024

The paper considers a new method for processing curved gears of eccentric-cycloidal engagement with a curved profile using a special tool. The surfaces of wheels of eccentric-cycloidal engagement with a curved profile for small and large wheels are simulated. The scheme of forming a small wheel of eccentric-cycloidal engagement using a shaped milling cutter with a constructive radial feed is shown. The producing surface of the milling cutter is obtained, which allows to fulfill all the conditions of shaping when implementing the proposed scheme for shaping a small wheel of eccentric-cycloidal engagement with a curved profile. For a large wheel, a shaping scheme using the rolling method using a worm wheel is proposed. Modeling of the producing surface of a worm mill for shaping the surface of a large wheel of eccentric-cycloidal engagement using the rolling method is performed. This approach can be used in the design of milling cutters designed for processing curved gears of eccentric-cycloidal engagement of various sizes. The use of such tools will make it possible to make the transition to serial and mass production of gears with this engagement.
Modern technological solutions for the construction of energy-efficient buildings
Authors: Kovalchuk Nadezhda , Shcherbakova Irina
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the pivotal role of modern technological solutions in addressing the imperative need for energy-efficient buildings. It explores various innovative approaches and advancements in construction practices aimed at reducing energy consumption and mitigating the impact of buildings on the environment. Through a comprehensive analysis, the article highlights the significance of passive design techniques, advanced insulation materials, high-performance windows, smart building automation systems, renewable energy integration, and other cutting-edge solutions in enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings. Drawing upon case studies and real-world examples, the article demonstrates the practical application and benefits of these technologies in creating sustainable built environments. Moreover, it addresses challenges and future directions for the widespread adoption of energy-efficient building practices, emphasizing the critical role of technological innovation in achieving energy efficiency goals and fostering environmental sustainability. This article is an invaluable resource for architects, engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the construction industry seeking to embrace and implement modern technological solutions for energy-efficient building construction.
Study of heating and evaporation of metal in an inductor in relation to the problem of space debris processing and creating evaporative-type space engine
Authors: Vinogradov Dmitrii , Glazkov Vasiliy , Koveshnikov Kirill , Kubrikov Konstantin , Teplyakov Igor
Published: June 2024

The work experimentally studied the evaporation of water and metal in a crucible simulating the nozzle of a space engine during induction heating, and also carried out analytical assessments of the generated jet thrust. An experimental laboratory setup is described. Measurements of the pressure created by the nozzle as a result of evaporation of the material in a vacuum were carried out. Zinc was used as the evaporated material. The experimental results are in satisfactory agreement with theoretical estimates. The results obtained are expected to be used in the development of an evaporative-type space engine with space debris as a working fluid.
Foodsharing as a solution to food losses and food waste in Russia
Authors: Zinina Olga , Olentsova Julia , Yushkova Ludmila , Afanasieva Tatyana , Kondratiev Mikhail
Published: June 2024

Today, most countries of the world are implementing various initiatives aimed at creating a closed economy, rational using natural resources, protecting the environment and natural biodiversity, developing reasonable ways of producing, selling and consuming food. Due to the growing concern about hunger, food waste has increased significantly in many countries and has become a global problem. Sharing food is the solution to this problem, as long as the right system has been developed to help implement it. As a convenient basis, it is called the food sharing economy. Food sharing can help reduce food waste, which is an important environmental problem in Russia.
Neurologische Leitsymptome Bei Post Covid – Post-Covid-Syndrom
Authors: Filipovic Silke , Klose Maike
Published: June 2024

Die Symptomatik beim Post-Covid-Syndrom ist individuell und breit gefächert. Neben Atembeschwerden zeigen sich muskuläre, neuropathische, kognitive oder vegetative Störungen sowie das Chronische Fatigue-Syndrom. Silke Filipovic und Maike Klose erklären die Symptomvielfalt. Darüber hinaus stellen sie eine Auswahl an Therapiemöglichkeiten vor, die Therapeut*innen unter Berücksichtigung der individuellen Symptome ihrer Patient*innen anwenden können.
Deutsche Übersetzung und erste psychometrische Testung des Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care (FACQ-PC)
Authors: Rosendahl Huber Sebastian , Müller Gerhard , Kreyer Christiane
Published: June 2024

Ziel der Studie Pflegende Angehörige erfahren häufig erhebliche Belastungen. Um sie zu unterstützen, sollten belastende und positive Aspekte der Lebenssituation systematisch erfasst werden. Dazu wurde der Family Appraisal of Caregiving Questionnaire for Palliative Care (FACQ-PC) mit 25 Items in 4 Domänen übersetzt und validiert.

Methode Die Übersetzung erfolgte nach den Prinzipien der International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Anschließend wurden die interne Konsistenz sowie die Inhalts- und Augenscheinvalidität durch Expert*innen (n=15) sowie pflegende Angehörige (n=35) bestimmt.

Ergebnisse Die Übersetzung weist eine gute interne Konsistenz mit einem Cronbachs α-Wert von über 0,8 (n=35) in allen 4 Domänen, eine ausreichende Augenscheinvalidität (S-FVI=74%, n=32) sowie Inhaltsvalidität (I-CVI>78%, n=15) in allen bis auf 2 Items auf.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass der deutschsprachige FACQ-PC für Praxis und Forschung valide ist.
Transitionen in der Pflege – eine Erweiterung der pflegerischen Begleitung?
Authors: Chalupka-Ho Cathrine
Published: June 2024

Pflegepersonen werden meist Zeugen davon, wenn Patienten lebensverändernden Situationen begegnen und diese meistern müssen. Solche Situationen begründen oft neue Lebensphasen, in die sich die Patienten einfinden müssen. Die Begleitung von Patienten in „Transition“ ist ein hochkomplexer Aufgabenbereich der Pflege. Welche Facetten Transitionen im innerklinischen Bereich haben und wie Pflegepersonen Patienten darin unterstützen können, steht im Fokus des folgenden Beitrags.
Mit Generalistik in die Pädiatrie
Authors: Shams Dean
Published: June 2024

Nach der Umstrukturierung vor vier Jahren sind vor allem in der Pädiatrie immer noch viele Fragen in Bezug auf die generalistische Pflegeausbildung ungeklärt. Im Rahmen unserer neuen Serie zum Thema Praxisanleitung werden in dieser und der kommenden Ausgabe der JuKiP zunächst die Grundlagen der neuen Ausbildung und die didaktischen Begriffe erklärt, bevor Sie dann in den weiteren Ausgaben kurz und kompakt praktische Anleitungssituationen kennenlernen werden.
Seelsorge in der Kinderklinik: Zeit haben, zuhören, stärken
Authors: Cannivé-Fresacher Marita , Neumann Sybille
Published: June 2024

Kinderklinikseelsorge ist sehr vielfältig, wie die nachfolgenden Beispiele zeigen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das Selbstverständnis von Klinikseelsorge und in welchem Netzwerk sie sich bewegt, wie sie organisatorisch und rechtlich einzuordnen ist und wie Klinikmitarbeitende von ihr profitieren können.
Papa soll auch dabei sein – Rolle von Vätern in der Ergotherapie
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: June 2024

Viele Väter haben das Bedürfnis, die Entwicklung ihrer Kinder intensiv zu begleiten. Sicherlich ist das auch ein Grund dafür, warum die (ergotherapeutische) Forschung Väter zunehmend als interessantes Studienobjekt entdeckt. Was aber kennzeichnet die Vater-Kind-Interaktion typischerweise? Und welche Bedeutung kommt der Vaterrolle in der ergotherapeutischen Forschung und Behandlung zu? In seiner Bachelorarbeit hat Christoph Jahn den aktuellen Forschungsstand systematisch recherchiert und qualitativ zusammengefasst.
Grundlagen des Lehrprozesses – Erfolgreiche Lehre – Teil 1
Authors: Kaldewei Nicole , Strebel Helen
Published: June 2024

Die Arbeitssituation von Therapeut*innen ist von komplexen Bedingungen geprägt. Darunter fallen der demografische Wandel, die Digitalisierung sowie der Fachkräftemangel. Es gilt Lernende an Hochschulen und Berufsfachschulen gezielt auf diese Herausforderungen vorzubereiten.
Diastereodivergent Synthesis of A-Ring Lactones Derived from Cholesterol and Diosgenin: A Convenient Solution for an Old Problem – NMR and X-ray Characterization
Authors: Iglesias-Arteaga Martín A. , García-Santos William H. , Valente-Valdovinos Paola , Cortina-Mendoza Álvaro J. , Flores-Álamo Marcos
Published: June 2024

A convenient protocol for the synthesis of A-ring lactones derived from cholesterol was developed. A lactone reduction–lactol separation–reoxidation sequence, applied to the inseparable mixture of diastereomeric lactones, allows the production of multigram amounts of each lactone in pure form. The same sequence applied to A-ring lactones derived from diosgenin produced similar results. A detailed NMR characterization of all the obtained lactones is also provided. X-ray diffraction corroborated the structure of the obtained compounds.
Photoinduced Aryl Ketone-Catalyzed Phenylation of C(sp3)–H Bonds Attached to the Heteroatom of Ethers and N-Boc-Amines via Concerted Homolytic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Kamijo Shin , Azami Masaya , Sumimoto Michinori , Nakamura Reika , Murafuji Toshihiro
Published: June 2024

A single-step phenylation at the non-acidic C(sp3)–H bond attached to the heteroatom of ethers and N-Boc-amines has been achieved using photoexcited 4-benzoylpyridine as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst. The design of electron-deficient (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)benzene derivatives, as a phenyl precursor, was critical to realizing the present transformation. Moreover, the DFT calculations indicated that the present transformation proceeds via a concerted homolytic aromatic substitution rather than via a stepwise one involving the formation of a cyclohexadienyl radical intermediate.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Lobophopyranone A and B
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Reddy G. Sudhakar , Choudhury Utkal Mani , Keerthana H. Sai , Naik K. Charan
Published: June 2024

The first asymmetric total synthesis and structural confirmation of lobophopyranone A and B have been accomplished from commercially available starting materials. Reagent-controlled Keck–Maruoka allylation, Grignard reaction, chelation-controlled Sakurai allylation, and acid-mediated one-step TBS ether deprotection followed by cyclization are the crucial stages in this synthesis that create the 2,6-disubstituted dihydropyranone component.
Enantioselective α-Boryl Carbene Transformations
Authors: Zhu Shou-Fei , Huang Ming-Yao
Published: June 2024

α-Boryl carbenes, which are hybrid structures combining elements of carbenes and boryl groups, represent promising intermediates for constructing organoboron compounds. However, these carbenes are challenging to synthesize and exhibit limited structural diversity. Moreover, their applications in asymmetric transformations remain largely unexplored. In this study, we utilized boryl cyclopropenes as precursors to rapidly synthesize α-Bpin metal carbenes, a novel category of intermediates critical for the synthesis of chiral organoboron molecules. Facilitated by a copper complex modified by a chiral bisoxazoline ligand, these α-boryl carbenes participate in a range of highly enantioselective transfer reactions, including B–H and Si–H insertions, as well as cyclopropanation and cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement processes. This methodology provides access to previously inaccessible, yet highly useful, chiral organoborons, thereby significantly advancing both carbene and organoboron chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 Previous Discovery and Our Design

3 Copper Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Boryl Carbene Transfer Reactions

4 Mechanistic Studies

5 Conclusions
The Cystic Appearance of a Mediastinal Mass Does Not Exclude Lymphoma: A Case Example of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Thymic Cyst and a Brief Literature Review
Authors: Kahwash Samir , Chaves Sheridan , Patton Ashlie
Published: June 2024

Herein, we report a case of a 16-year-old girl who presented with an episode of shortness of breath while playing sports. Upon radiologic workup, she was found to have a large multicystic anterior mediastinal mass. The cystic appearance of mass and lack of constitutional symptoms contributed to favoring a benign cystic process and deferring surgical resection until the end of sport season. When surgery was performed 3 months later, microscopic examination showed findings diagnostic of classic Hodgkin lymphoma arising in a thymic cyst. Despite the rarity of such cases, it is important to remember that the cystic nature of an anterior mediastinal mass does not exclude lymphoma. Definitive diagnosis is not possible without examination of representative tissue.
Intramedullary Spinal Epidermoid Cyst—A Rare Cause of Spastic Paraparesis
Authors: Datta Debajyoti , Chatterjee Debarshi , Tiwari Mona , Das Soutrik , Basu Anindya
Published: June 2024

Spinal intramedullary epidermoids are rare intramedullary lesions of the spinal cord. They may be congenital or acquired with the congenital type often associated with spinal dysraphism and other spinal anomalies. The clinical presentation depends on the level of the involvement of the spinal cord. Management of these lesions is surgical excision. We report a case of intramedullary spinal epidermoid who presented with spastic paraparesis.
Attitude of Students and Audiologist Professionals towards Patient-Centered Care in Audiology
Authors: Goyal Swati , E. Prajwal Kumar , Murthy Chethana P. , Prabhu Prashanth P.
Published: June 2024

Background In audiology, the service model has always been practitioner-centric or techno-centric. However, the model has evolved into client-centric over the years. Patient centeredness is a growing trend in healthcare as it improves the outcomes of the intervention and patient satisfaction. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the preferences of undergraduates, postgraduates, and working professionals toward a patient-centered framework for the service delivery model.

Materials & methods This study employed a survey design where the data was collected using an online questionnaire (patient–practitioner orientation scale). A total of 60 individuals participated in the survey which included undergraduate students, postgraduate students, and working professionals.

Results The analysis of the findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the attitude toward preferences between postgraduate students and working professionals. However, a significant difference was found between undergraduate students and working professionals and undergraduate students and postgraduate students.

Conclusion This study concludes that the postgraduate students and working professionals are more patient-centric than the undergraduate students. However, further studies are needed to compare the attitudes of working professionals with varying years of work experience.
Exploring the Association between Benign Anorectal Conditions and Colorectal Cancer from the Analysis of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopies
Authors: Başak Fatih , Çalışkan Yahya Kemal , Atadağ Yıldız Büyükdereli
Published: June 2024

Objective Patients experiencing hemorrhoids or fissures may overlook other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, assuming that they are linked solely to their existing condition. However, colon cancer, often asymptomatic, can coincide with benign pathologies detected during colonoscopy. This study investigates the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients undergoing lower GI endoscopy for hemorrhoids and elucidates the correlation between cancer and benign pathologies identified during colonoscopy. Highlighting its potential to reveal hidden cancers emphasizes the critical role of colonoscopy in comprehensive health care.

Methods The primary objective was to thoroughly investigate the prevalence of CRC in patients who underwent lower GI endoscopy for hemorrhoids. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using a dataset spanning 7 years of lower GI endoscopy. The main focus of this investigation was to determine the incidence of cancer. Additionally, a meticulous examination of accompanying benign diagnoses was performed to provide a comprehensive evaluation.

Results The study cohort, comprising 6,268 patients, revealed a noteworthy coexistence of malignancies with common conditions. The revelation was of paramount significance that the total number of malignant cases within this cohort was 440. Polyps emerged as the most frequently observed condition, constituting 55.2% (n = 243) of the cases. Diverticulosis was present in 6.6% (n: 29) of cases, while ulcerative colitis was detected in 8% (n: 2) of cases. Hemorrhoids were identified in 20.7% (n: 91) of cases. The findings indicated a substantial association between these common conditions and malignancy. Specifically, it was discovered that approximately 1 in 22 individuals with hemorrhoids, 1 in 52 individuals with fissures, and 1 in 5.7 individuals with polyps were diagnosed with malignancy.

Conclusion This study highlights the pivotal role of colonoscopy in uncovering hidden cancers, especially in patients with hemorrhoids. The findings emphasize the significance of doctors and patients prioritizing colonoscopy, as it allows for early detection and intervention for potential malignancies, even in the presence of hemorrhoids.
Long-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes following Proximal Row Carpectomy
Authors: Meulendijks Mara Z. , Lans Jonathan , Jupiter Jesse B. , Chen Neal C.
Published: June 2024

Background Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a procedure used for pain relief from arthrosis that preserves some degree of range of motion (ROM). Dorsal capsular interposition (DCI) is an option for cases where some chondral loss of the capitate is present.

Purposes The aim of this study is to assess what factors influence long-term patient-reported outcomes following PRC and specifically to evaluate the role of DCI. Additionally, this study aims to report the long-term postoperative ROM in patients with DCI.

Methods Patients who underwent PRC in the period between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively identified, resulting in a cohort of 162 patients. Patient-reported outcomes were obtained using validated questionnaires and were completed by 59 patients at a median follow-up time of 8.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0–13). Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with patient-reported outcomes.

Results The median PRWE (Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation) score was 17 (IQR: 5.5–52), the median QuickDASH (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score was 16 (IQR: 4.5–39), and the median NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) Pain score was 1 (IQR: 0–3). The mean flexion–extension ROM was 70 ± 24 degrees. After correcting for gender, involvement of the capitate cartilage was independently associated with worse QuickDASH scores.

Conclusions PRC is associated with good functional outcomes and pain control at long-term follow-up. This generally also applied to patients who underwent DCI; however, the role of DCI in those with capitate cartilage injury remains unclear. Preexistent damage to the capitate cartilage was associated with worse QuickDASH scores.

Level of Evidence II, Prognostic study.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices regarding Pain Assessment among Nurses Working at Public-Sector Pediatric Oncology Units in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Bashir Ahmed , Farooq Wasfa , Masood Malick Muhammed Sabih , Raza Muhammad Rafie
Published: June 2024

Introduction Pain in pediatric oncology patients is often undertreated due to a lack of timely assessment and inefficient communication between health care workers. Improper pain assessment is a leading cause of poorly managed pain in children. In high-income countries, pediatric oncology nurses play a key role in developmentally appropriate pain assessment measures to identify potential management strategies. However, nurses in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a deficit of knowledge about pain assessment tools and management. Owing to differences in availability of resources, a disparity exists between health-related quality of life of cancer patients treated at public- and private-sector hospitals in Pakistan.

Methodology The Indus Hospital and Health Network partnered with nine public-sector hospitals nationwide to improve pediatric oncology practices. Supported by the My Child Matters grant, training sessions were conducted for nurses at each public-sector pediatric oncology unit (POU) from March to December 2021. Pain assessment tools were provided. To assess retention and implementation of practices, a knowledge, attitudes, and practices questionnaire was distributed online to nurses at each POU. All responses remained anonymous.

Results Fifty-four responses were recorded, 85% were female and most were between 26 and 30 years of age. Most of the participants held a diploma in nursing and were designated charge nurses with more than 6 years of experience. Forty nurses reported routinely assessing pain; the most common reason for not doing so was increased workload. Correlations were observed between routinely performing pain assessment and the number of patients per nurse, availability of formal credentialing or certifications at the institution and routinely performing pain assessment, availability of trainings focused on pain assessment and routinely performing pain assessment, and qualification of nurses and knowledge of nonpharmacological pain assessment methods.

Conclusion Strategies to improve pain assessment knowledge and practices among pediatric oncology nurses in LMICs must be developed to improve patient care and clinical outcomes.
47.1.9 Alkene Hydrovinylation, Hydroalkenylation, and Cycloisomerization
Authors: Ho C.-Y. , Raja D.
Published: June 2024

This review on homogeneous C-C bond-forming reactions to form alkenes focuses on hydrovinylation, hydroalkenylation, and cycloisomerization, and covers the literature published from ca. 1990 to early 2020. The account is arranged by reaction type, and then further categorized according to the alkene donors and alkene acceptors employed. This chapter highlights the potential of using well-controlled insertion catalysts in the green and catalytic synthesis of higher substituted alkenes. The methods described avoid the stoichiometric use of alkenyl halides and metallic reagents and serve as essential alternatives to those based on Heck reactions and related approaches.
Seeing disasters through the eyes of children: a critical reading of One Snowy Night and The Storm in the Barn through the lens of critical disaster studies
Authors: Bayoumy Heidi Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Disasters are life-changing events that children find frightening and unfathomable. Seen through the eyes of children, disasters are always enigmatic, thus stirring questions, such as what are they? What causes them? And how can they be confronted? Environmental works for children often feature disasters to help children understand the threats that their world is subjected to. Disasters are thus used as symbols through which writers can deliver moral and ecological lessons to the young audience/reader. In this comparative study, the representation of disasters will be examined in two environmental plays for children in which natural and environmental disasters impact the lives of the young protagonists:One Snowy Night(2007) andThe Storm in the Barn(2012). The plays have been selected because, firstly, they have not been critically dealt with, to the best of my knowledge, and, secondly, they shed light on the immense impact of disasters on children. Through the element of fantasy, the disasters are personified to help children understand the symbiotic relation between humans and nature. By giving voice to the personified representations of disasters, children understand the environmental role humans can play: either mitigating or increasing the effects of disasters. Both works thus highlight how disasters are viewed in the eyes of children and how they impact their outlook of life and the environment (whether their hometowns or the natural world). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the portrayal of natural and environmental disasters through the lens of critical disaster studies shedding light on its key concepts and terms that are reflected in the plays.
From the chiral model of TBG to the Bistritzer–MacDonald model
Authors: Becker Simon , Zworski Maciej
Published: June 2024

We analyze the splitting of exact flat bands in the chiral model of the twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) when the AA′/BB′ coupling of the full Bistritzer–MacDonald model is taken into account. The first-order perturbation caused by the AA′/BB′ potential is the same for both bands and satisfies interesting symmetries, in particular it vanishes on the line defined by the K points. The splitting of the flat bands is governed by the quadratic term which vanishes at the K points.
Compatible multilayer magnetic field system for quantum sensing with atoms
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Qin Qi , Fan Xiayang , Yang Bowen , Wang Xin , Wang Wenli , Sun Yuan , Liu Liang
Published: June 2024

Magnetic fields provide a valuable method to manipulate atomic energy levels and interactions in quantum precision measurements, but achieving precise measurements requires collaboration between the magnetic field system and the optical detection system. We propose a magnetic field system that incorporates a fast-switching magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field. Specifically, we enhance the switching speed by making structural improvements during the switching operation. An independent control approach is employed to reduce the switching time caused by electromagnetic induction across the coil using multilayer coils. The results demonstrate an inverse correlation between the rise and fall times of the magnetic field switch and the number of independently stacked coil layers, indicating the possibility of achieving further improvements in switching speed through structural enhancements. The system developed here has considerable potential for application to diverse quantum systems.