bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of two circovirus vaccines on the safety and weight gain of pigs in the rearing and fattening groups
Authors: Musin A. R. , Kudriashov A. A. , Balabanova V. I. , Ivanov Yu. V.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the work is to experimentally find out in comparison the effect of two vaccines against circovirus infection Porcilis PCV and Circovac on the safety and weight gain of pigs in the rearing and fattening groups in the pig holding. The object of the study were 6687 pigs: 3393 heads vaccinated according to the instructions with the Circovac vaccine at a dose of 0.5 ml (group 1), and 3294 heads vaccinated according to the instructions with the Porcilis PCV vaccine at a dosage of 2.0 ml (group 2). In both groups, vaccination was carried out on the day of weaning on the 27-28 day of life intramuscularly in the neck area. When weaning, when transferring to fattening and before slaughter, the animals were weighed. According to the results of weighing, the average weight of animals was determined at 28 days, at 75 days and the weight at sale, as well as the average daily gain during rearing and fattening. Autopsy was performed on 209 fallen piglets from group 1 and 202 fallen piglets from group 2. During the pathoanatomic examination, a complex of pathoanatomic changes characteristic of circovirus was not found in any piglet. After vaccination of pigs in two groups with vaccines during the periods of rearing and fattening, there were no cases of cirrhosis among the livestock of both groups. The difference in indicators of case, technological marriage, average weight at weaning, average weight at transfer to fattening, average daily weight gain and weight at realization in the studied groups is minimal, not significant. Circovac vaccine in a dose of 0.5 ml proved to be no worse than the Porcilis PCV vaccine in a dosage of 2.0 ml.
Quality indicators of a complex veterinary drug with hepatoprotective effect and their control
Authors: Khlebus N. K.
Published: January 2024

Hepatopathy (toxic hepatitis and hepatosis) are widespread among sows kept in industrial complexes. To carry out therapeutic and preventive measures for these diseases, a complex drug with a hepatoprotective effect is in demand. In its industrial production, quality control is necessary with an assessment of the presence and quantity of active components. To control of the quality of the Karnivit drug, organoleptic (appearance and color), chromatographic (high performance liquid chromatography - HPLC) (authenticity and mass concentration of vitamin E and carnitine), qualitative chemical (authenticity of zinc and sodium citrate) were used), titrimetric (mass concentration of zinc), spectrophotometric (mass fraction of sodium citrate) methods. The gravimetric (weight) method was used to assess the moisture content of the preparation. The assessment of the compliance of the obtained values with the regulatory requirements was carried out after the introduction of exactly known amounts of one or another active substance into the preparation (for three series at different shelf life). It was found that the values of quantitative indicators in all cases were within the normative values, qualitative indicators (appearance, color, authenticity) also met the requirements of the norm established by the developer of the drug. These requirements were met by both the calculated average values of the indicators of various series and individual (point) values for each series. Determination of the physicochemical properties of the three series of the drug showed their compliance with the established regulatory requirements at different periods of storage. The developed methods of control are suitable for assessing the compliance of manufactured batches (series) of the drug with the requirements of technical specifications for production.
Morphological examination of rat organs with T-2 toxicosis against the background of the use of the complex preventive agent "Zeapitox"
Authors: Perfilova K. V. , Mishina N. N. , Gubeeva E. G. , Semenov E. I. , Saitov V. R. , Khafizova A. M.
Published: January 2024

It is impossible to find out the true state of the tissue organization without conducting morphological studies. In this regard, histological analysis very objectively demonstrates the structure of cellular compositions, which is especially in demand when making a reliable diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic and preventive effectiveness. T-2 toxin, as a biogenic poison, poses a potentially permanent threat to human and animal health. It is also important that modern highly productive breeds of farm animals and bird crosses have an increased sensitivity to mycotoxins. In order to prevent mycotoxicosis, a selection of diets containing sorbents and adaptogens is promising in terms of economic and therapeutic effectiveness. The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the preventive effectiveness of «Zeapitox» from a morphological point of view when rats were poisoned with T-2 toxin at the tissue level of a number of organs. The experiment involved 30 nonlinear rats, males weighing in the range of 190-210 grams. The first group served as biological control; individuals of the second group were given T-2 toxin at a dose of 1/10 of LD50; animals of the third group, in addition to T-2 toxin at a dose of 1/10 of LD50, were additionally fed at a dose of 0,5 % of the diet with the feed «Zeapitox». Under the influence of T-2 toxin on the histostructure of rat organ tissues, the following changes were registered: hyperemia, swelling, increased blood filling of blood vessels, as well as destructive processes of the central lobules of hepatocytes, intestinal epithelium and blood cells. The protective effect of the complex preventiveagent «Zeapitox» is manifested by normal blood filling in the spleen (red and white pulp), native beam structure of lobules and good visualization without pathological phenomena of hepatocytes, absence of edematous processes in the mucous membranes of intestinal.
On the issue of ensuring food security in the conditions of the Boensky enterprise
Authors: Orlova D. A. , Kalyuzhnaya T. V. , Karpenko L. Yu. , Red'ko V. A.
Published: January 2024

Providing the market with safe meat food is the most important strategic task of the state. The Leningrad region is duly taking the lead in increasing the production of pork and beef relative to other regions. A significant role in ensuring the quality and safety of meat is played by the state veterinary service, whose representatives carry out pre-slaughter inspection of animals and postslaughter veterinary and sanitary examination of slaughter products.The object of the study were slaughter animals - and 1434 heads of cattle and 8629 heads of pigs, supplied for processing at Agrotorg-47 LLC (Leningrad region), as well as slaughter products obtained from them. Acceptance and processing of slaughter animals at the enterprise, as well as postslaughter veterinary and sanitary examination was carried out in accordance with the Veterinary Rules for the appointment and conduct of veterinary and sanitary examination of meat and products of slaughter (fishing) of animals intended for processing and (or) sale (2022).During the post-mortem examination of the products of slaughter of cattle and pigs, veterinarians of Agrotorg-47 LLC periodically reveal pathoanatomical changes that are the basis for the rejection of raw materials. In the lungs in a large number of carcasses, hemaspirations are found (16%), less often feed aspiration (2%). When slaughtering young animals, in rare cases, umbilical hernias (8%) and cryptorchidism were established, especially in boars (13%). During the post-mortem examination of cows, pathologies of the non-infectious nature of the reproductive system and udder were mainly recorded: endometritis (27%), mastitis (31%), cysts and ovarian atrophy (26%), which were the basis for culling animals and sending them for slaughter.Thanks to the complex of measures required, prescribed by the Veterinary Rules, during the slaughter of animals, the fact of circulation on the market of food products that pose a danger to the health of consumers and the well-being of the territory in veterinary and sanitary terms is excluded.
Detection of DNA of bacteria of the genus Helicobacter in pig meat
Authors: Pozdeev O. K. , Nurgaliev F. M. , Gilmanov Kh. Kh. , Mannanova A. R.
Published: January 2024

Helicobacters different from Helicobacter pylori, colonizing various animals, are also capable of causing gastritis, stomach ulcers and MALT – lymphomas in humans. Helicobacter suis is most often isolated among similar bacteria from the mucous membrane of the human stomach. In spite of its name this microorganism can also infect cats and dogs. At the same time the spread of Helicobacter suis among the pig population in different countries varies between 10.8-90.0% but in most studies it is in average 60%. It is obvious that such extensive spread of Helicobacter suis and close contacts with infected animals can contribute to occupational infections of human beings. In addition, the consumption of infected and insufficiently heat-treated pork meat is a possible route of transmission of this microorganism. In our studies on the presence of Helicobacter suis DNA in various parts of pig carcasses immediately after slaughter determined that DNA samples in 26.7% of bacterial were found on the oral mucosa, 13.3% – along the neck lines section, 6.6% - thoracic section and 0% – hock section. According to the available literature the isolation of Helicobacter suis by the bacteriological method presents great difficulties and the detection of nucleic acids of the microorganism remains as one of the few available diagnostic methods. To detect the DNA of living Helicobacter suis in pork we used the protocol for processing pork samples with ethidium monoazide in combination with PCR to study pig meat (pork neck) from various manufacturers purchased on the shelves of Kazan markets. As a result, the DNA of living Helicobacter suis was found in 0.5% of the samples.
Anatomical and topographic substantiation of mandibular anesthesia in sheep
Authors: Ivantsov V. A. , Slesarenko N. A.
Published: January 2024

This study presents an anatomical and topographic justification for performing mandibular anesthesia in sheep. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A. F. Klimov of the Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MBA named after K. I. Scriabin. The object of the study was sheep of the Romanov breed (n=20) aged 1-2 years without pronounced signs of pathology of the dental apparatus. The material for the study was the lower jaws (n=20) and survey radiographs of the head area (n=20). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including: anatomical dissection and macromorphometry with the determination of skeletotopic and linear parameters of the mandible. Mandibular anesthesia is one of the most common manipulations in animal dentistry. For high-quality anesthesia of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, it is important to take into account the topical landmarks of the structures forming the mandibular canal. Based on the results of macromorphometry and rengenogrammetry, skeletotopic landmarks of the holes forming the mandibular canal are presented, which are important to take into account when performing anesthesia of the lower alveolar nerve. Comparative analysis of morphometric and rengenogrammetric parameters of the upper and lower jaws did not reveal significant differences in their linear parameters, which indicates the high informative value of the X-ray diagnostic method in assessing the morphofunctional state of the jaw bones and the channels located on them. The results obtained can be used in the development of new approaches to the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve during local anesthesia in veterinary and experimental dentistry.
The effect of phytochemicals on the signaling molecules of the "Quorum Sensing" system in bacteria
Authors: Vlasenko L. V. , Atlanderova K. N. , Duskaev G. K. , Shoshin D. E.
Published: January 2024

The system of cell–cell communication of bacteria is necessary for bacteria to coordinate interactions between themselves and with higher organisms. It regulates a number of properties of microorganisms, including pathogenicity and resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, the study of methods of influencing this system seems to be critically important. A special place in this context is occupied by plants and their metabolites (phytochemicals), which have the ability to inhibit the system of cell–cell communication in bacterial communities. Studies using bovine ruminal fluid can lead to an understanding of how this process is regulated in the rumen. The aim of the work was to evaluate the possible effect of phytochemicals (trans-cinnamaldehyde, quercetin, coumarin, vanillin) on the signal molecules of the "Quorum sensing" system of bacteria (for example, the recombinant luminescent biosensor Escherichia coli pAL103) in the presence of ruminal fluid of cattle. It was found that the scar fluid at a concentration of 12,5 % did not affect the level of biosensor luminescence. For all studied phytochemicals, the ability to inhibit the process of cell–cell communication (by binding signal molecules) was recorded, which was expressed in a significant decrease in the bioluminescence of the E. coli pAL103 test strain. At the same time, the most pronounced change in the level of biosensor luminescence was detected under the combined action of rumen fluid with trans-cinnamaldehyde, and the smallest change was detected under the influence of ruminal fluid with coumarin, vanillin, or quercetin. The results obtained expand the understanding of the action of phytochemicals, which can be in demand when compiling the diet of cattle and will allow controlling the activity of pathogenic bacteria in animals by suppressing the system of cell–cell communication.
Myoendocardial formations of the chambers of the heart of the water deer (Hydropotes Inermis) in statistics
Authors: Zhilin R. A. , Tarasevich V. N.
Published: January 2024

This article is a continuation of a series of studies devoted to a fairly new animal species for the Russian Federation – the water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). This representative of the animal world was recorded not so long ago in the expanses of the Far Eastern taiga, but is already listed in the Red Book of Russia. The water deer spreads its habitat from China and Korea, which are traditional for it, and is still not numerous for our country, but it is already becoming an object of illegal extraction for poachers. The Diagnostic Center of the Primorsky State Agricultural Academy receives cadaverous material from a water deer for examination, as part of the investigation and legal proceedings, which also allows to study its morphology. In the process of forensic veterinary examination, standard methods for studying morphometric features of the organism are applied to the material. The organs are measured, photographed with a description of all the noted features. In the process of writing the article, we studied three hearts from animals of both sexes, aged 2-3 years. It was found that the morphometric parameters of the heart within the group varied slightly. The heart is well developed, the index corresponds to a spherical shape. The architectonics of myoendocardial formations is quite stable in its structure in animals of the studied group, they are recognizable when working with each new heart of a water deer. The heart of a water deer is rounded, with a pointed tip, has pronounced auricles of the atria, while the right one is slightly larger than the left one. The ratio of the thickness of the walls of the left and right ventricles is 2:1, respectively. Similar indicators of the walls of the atria vary slightly. The heart of a water deer is distinguished by a well-defined trabecular system, the scallop muscles of the atria and the fleshy trabeculae of the ventricles have a pronounced comblike structure. The absence of a caudal septomarginal trabecula in the right ventricle was noted, however, its role is performed by a network of tendon-shaped trabeculae located between the interventricular septum and the caudal wall, forming several tiers.
Ultrasonographic visualization of morphological changes in the tendon tissue of the superficial flexor of the finger in sports horses with tendinopathy
Authors: Zhukova M. V. , Borkhunova E. N.
Published: January 2024

At least one half of population of sport horses during life suffer from superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) pathologies, particularly tendinitis and tendinopathies. Etiology of these injuries differs, and their evolution depends on some morphological peculiarities and type of equestrian sport. Success in early detection of preclinical signs of tendinopathy plays a key role in diagnostics and effective treatment in order to preserve athletic potential of a horse. Although in terms of clinical assessment it is not always possible to detect these early pathological changes in tendon tissue without ultrasonography. In this situation elicitation of correlation between morphological and ultrasonic signs seems to be of great importance, because it adds diagnostic and prognostic value of an ultrasound assessment of a patient. Taking into account all mentioned above the aim this study is investigating morphological and ultrasound characteristics of SDFT in middle and distal parts at the cannon and in the area of fetlock joint in normal horses and dressage and show jumping horses with tendinitispathy. In the present study, methods of anatomical preparation and description were used, histological studies were carried out according to the generally accepted methodology, as well as ultrasonographic studies of sports horses using Mindray DС-70 device. Structural features of the SDF tendon were revealed, which explain the chronicity of the pathological process and predispose to incomplete regeneration of the tendon, leading to a deterioration in its functional characteristics and a decrease in the horse's performance. The data obtained deepen the understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of tendinopathy of the SDFT and allow more detailed interpretation of data obtained by ultrasonographic studies carried out during diagnostic procedures in sport horses, as well as adjusting treatment regimens.
Morphology features of the endocardial structures of the right ventricle of the Siberian roe deer heart
Authors: Tarasevich V. N.
Published: January 2024

Hemodynamics of blood through the heart is carried out in one direction, where the diastole of the heart is replaced by a systole, and promotes the movement of blood through the circulatory circles. An important role in this is played not only by the heart valves, which restrain the movement of blood into the atria (sash) and ventricles (aortic valve and pulmonary artery), but also by myoendocardial formations and respiratory motility organs. In the available literature, the specific features of the heart in different animal species have been determined, however, no descriptions of the anatomy of endocardial formations of the right ventricle of the heart have been found in males of the Siberian roe deer.To assess the morphometric structures, hearts from 18-month-old Siberian roe deer males (n=3) obtained on the territory of the hunting grounds of the Irkutsk region were used. The heart has an ellipsoid shape, where the right ventricle is located above the level of the rounded tip of the left ventricle. Its internal structure is characterized by pronounced trabeculation, where two folding trabeculae are defined from the side of the free wall, which prevent the overgrowth of the fibrous ring. Among the relief of the right ventricle of the heart of the Siberian roe deer, four papillary muscles are distinguished – large, small, subterranean and additional, with certain morphological forms and indicators.Muscles give up to 24-27 tendon strings to the valve flaps. The septomarginal trabecula connects the base of the large papillary muscle and the interventricular septum, and three to four tendon cords between the septum and the ventricular wall.The greatest value of the height of the tricuspid valve flap was noted at the wall, and the width of the fastening and thickness at the partition flaps. The presence of two or three intermediate flaps was noted, which differ in smaller sizes (height - 9.5 ± 0.71; width – 10.2 ± 0.21 and thickness – 0.19 ± 0.01 mm).
The state of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in cows with different clinical conditions during pregnancy
Authors: Vostroilova G. A. , Parshin P. A. , Zhukov M. S. , Khokhlova N. A. , Shabanov D. I. , Korchagina A. A.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the research was to study the effect of gestational age on the state of the enzymatic link of antioxidant protection (AOP) of lipid peroxidation products (LPO) in cows with anemia syndrome and chronic systemic inflammation. Three (3) groups of cows were formed: group I (n=15) – healthy; group II (n=8) – with hypochromic microcytic anemia; group III (n=7) – with chronic systemic inflammation syndrome of low intensity. On days 150-160, 210-220 and 260-265 of gestation, blood samples were taken to study the indicators of LPO, AOP and endogenous intoxication. There were obtained the data on the peculiarities of the state of the LPO-AOP system in cows with various clinical states during gestation. It has been established that there is an inverse correlation between the period of gestation and catalase activity. A significant direct correlation of high strength with respect to the level of nitric oxide has also been revealed. In cows with anemia, less intense tendencies for an increase in nitric oxide have been noted, which may have an important role in the control of fetoplacental hemodynamics and saturation of the fetal blood with oxygen. In group I and II, the level of diene conjugates had a significant direct correlation of noticeable strength, but in group III, the binding strength increased and became high, which was reflected at the level of molecules of average molecular weight, detectable at a wavelength of 254 nm. Thus, with an increase in the duration of gestation, there is an increase in the LPO intensity, which is most pronounced in cows with a syndrome of chronic systemic inflammation of a low degree of intensity, as a result of which endogenous intoxication develops. At the same time, nitric oxide is less actively produced in cows with anemia that can lead to the development of fetoplacental insufficiency and hypoxic state of the fetus.
Reproductive ability of cows after vaccination against anthrax
Authors: Lapina M. N. , Kovaleva G. P. , Sulyga N. V. , Vitol V. A.
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the reproductive capacity rates of cows, which were inseminated at different time after anthrax vaccine. The studies were carried out on Black Pied cows at the age of 1-3 lactations. The first experimental group included animals, which were inseminated from the 1st to the 15th day after vaccination. The second group included cows, which were inseminated from the 16th to the 30th day after vaccination. The animals, with the period from vaccination to insemination from 31 to 60 days, were the control group. The experimental animals were studied from a perspective of the insemination index, the duration of the service period and the percentage of animals, which were productively inseminated during the first heat after vaccination. A comparative analysis of the studied characteristics indicated that the largest insemination index, the longest service period and the smallest percentage of productively inseminated cows were established in the first experimental group. The insemination index in the first experimental group was 0.25 more than in the second experimental group and 0.41 more than in the control. The duration of the service period for the experimental groups was 137.7, 126.8 and 116.1 days. 18.0%, 57.6% and 60.6% of cows were productively inseminated during the first heat after vaccination, respectively. After doing some research, we came to the conclusion that the low reproductive capacity of cows of the first experimental group might be related to impaired embryogenesis and embryo implantation failure during the period of immune development. It was reflected in the animals of the first experimental group. In terms of reproductive capacity, animals of the second experimental group were close to the control group.
Metaprofylaxis of salmonellosis in poultry enterprises: review
Authors: Laishevtcev A. I. , Kapustin A. V. , Smirnov D. D. , Pimenov N. V. , Lenev S. V.
Published: January 2024

Metaprophylaxis is aimed at preventing the recurrence of outbreaks and the isolation of the causative agent of an infectious disease. Salmonellosis continues to be a serious threat to the poultry industry and the end consumer of the industry's products. The incidence rates of salmonellosis in the world population from year to year remain consistently high, despite all the efforts made by the medical community. First of all, this phenomenon should be associated with a high level of contamination of food products, especially those obtained in the poultry industry. This causes the stationarity of the infection and the recurrence of epizootic foci. The existing data on epizootic and epidemiological control of poultry and processing enterprises probably do not fully reflect the objective picture of salmonellosis. The solution to the problem could be the introduction of national state programs for the control, prevention and fight against salmonellosis. The prospects of this direction are emphasized by a number of researchers who are constantly looking for more effective means and ways to combat the indicated pathology.The results of studies carried out on the basis of the FSC VIEV as part of monitoring demonstrate an expansion of the spectrum of non-traditional Salmonella serovariants circulating in poultry farms of the Russian Federation. In view of this, the relevance of the search and implementation of new methods of combating salmonellosis is increasing. The presented review covers the history and taxonomy of bacteria of the genus Salmonella, the pathogenicity factors of the pathogen that cause the widespread infection, transmission, etiopathogenesis of salmonellosis, mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial drugs and other features, as well as measures for metaprophylaxis of salmonella infection, incl. using biodisinfectants based on bacteriophages.
The effectiveness of the use of biotinylated derivative of oxidized dextran in the prevention of subclinical mastitis of cows
Authors: Onishchenko I. S. , Greku I. V. , Koptev V. Yu. , Leonova M. A. , Shkil N. A. , Vdovkina A. E.
Published: January 2024

Prevention of cow mastitis remains an urgent problem in veterinary medicine. The majority of subclinical mastitis resulting from a violation of the milking regime, in the absence of adequate therapy, turn into a clinical form, complicated by the involvement of representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora in the process. To prevent the development of such complications, agents that activate the cellular and humoral immunity system are used.The article presents the results of a study of the use of biotinylated derivative of oxidized dextran (DOD) in the prevention of subclinical mastitis of cows.The data obtained in the course of the work showed a high preventive effectiveness of DOD. In the experimental group, a dynamic decrease of somatic cells by 16.85% relative to the control was observed on day 4-5. Starting from the second administration of the drug, stable low values of somatic cells were observed in the experimental group, whereas in the control group animals were identified that respond positively to Kenotest, which together with an increase in somatic cells indicates the development of latent (subclinical) mastitis.
The relationship between the occurrence of anterior synechiae and localization of a burn wound of the cornea
Authors: Pilipets E. Yu. , Minina A. O. , Bokarev A. V.
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of anterior synechiae and the localization of a burn wound of the cornea. For this purpose, 10 male Wistar rats were selected, one year old, with an average weight of 200 grams (two experimental groups of 5 rats each). Wounds were inflicted on animals injected into sevoflurane anesthesia by touching the cornea with the tip of a copper rod having 1.0 mm in diameter and heated to t – 480-500 °C. The required degree of burn was achieved by the time of contact of the thermal source with the cornea and was monitored visually with an increase of 4-6 times. A 10% lidocaine solution was used for local anesthesia. 1.0% atropine solution was used to remove the iris from the zone of phlogogen exposure. Corneal wounds were inflicted on rats in the first experimental group in the central region, and on rats in the second experimental group in the projection area of the iris.The observation was carried out for three weeks with constant monitoring and photodocumentation of the wound condition using a microscope "jingleszcn 315W" at magnification x 6.0. The study was carried out before instillation of atropine and 10.0 minutes after.The experiment showed that significant differences in the course of the wound process were observed by day 15, there were no anterior synechiae in the experimental group 1, while in animals in the experimental group 2, the reaction of the iris to atropine shows the inability to open the pupil evenly around the circumference, which indicates the presence of a adhesion process.Thus, the results of the conducted studies have shown that the probability of the development of iridocorneal synechiae depends on the location of the inflammatory process on the cornea.
Investigation of the effect of plasma jet on regeneration of rabbit knee cartilage
Authors: Koohpar Ali Khazaee , Jahandideh Alireza , Mortazavi Pejman
Published: January 2024

Articular cartilage is a connective tissue biomechanically, so the absence of blood vessels, nerves, lymph flow and low metabolism causes its slow and delayed regeneration. Therefore, it is very important to use the correct treatment methods for cartilage healing. Рurpose of study: Investigating the effect of plasma jet on rabbit knee cartilage regeneration. The present research was conducted on 12 New Zealand white adult male rabbits weighing approximately 2.0-2.5 kg. In order to prepare the knee cartilage, its debridement was sanitized by chondrectomy with scraping method in all three treatment groups. After three weeks of treatment, the rabbits were euthanized and the amount of cartilage regeneration was recorded macroscopically and by recording images, and samples were fixed in 10% formalin for histopathology test. The commonly used in pathology laboratories staining method was chosen. Observation and measurement of articular cartilage thickness was done with eye graticule. And at the end, the obtained data were analyzed statistically. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the use of plasma jet method improves the cartilage tissue in such a way that by examining the histopathological sections, it was found that the articular cartilage in the plasma jet group caused the formation of fibrocartilage tissue in the place of injury. Plasma jet has a positive effect on rabbit cartilage regeneration.
The use of iron-containing drugs for the prevention of alimentary anemia in sows and their offspring
Authors: Chernenok V. V. , Simonova L. N. , Simonov Yu. I. , Chernenok Yu. N. , Kopteva Yu. S.
Published: January 2024

As a result of a scientific and economic experiment conducted in the conditions of the industrial pig complex of Bryansk Meat Processing Plant LLC in Vygonichi district, the effectiveness of the use of iron–containing preparations Ferrolong and Ferzaks-forte for the prevention of alimentary anemia of pregnant sows and piglets was studied. The object of the study was pregnant sows of a large white breed with an average live weight of 150-160 kg at the age of two years, and piglets obtained from them. At the first stage of the research, two groups of sows were formed, 3 heads each. 15 days before farrowing, the sows of the experimental group received the drug Ferrolong (iron content III 200 mg/ml, vitamin B12 - 0.1 mg/ml) at a dose of 4 ml intramuscularly. Sows of the control group did not receive injections of iron-containing preparations.The effect of the drugs on the growth and safety of piglets, on biochemical (iron, total iron binding capacity of serum (OHSS), % saturation of transferrin) and hematological parameters was analyzed. Based on the conducted step-by-step studies, it was found that the introduction of Ferrolong 15 days before farrowing stimulates hematopoiesis in sows, but does not significantly affect the red blood indicators of suckling piglets. Intramuscular administration of Ferrolong to piglets at a dose of 1 ml in the first three days of life is accompanied by a pronounced antianemic effect, and is characterized by a high content of hemoglobin in erythrocytes and a saturation coefficient of serum transferrin. This scheme is recommended for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in the household. Ferzaks-forte, due to its vitamins, has a broader effect on metabolic processes, but laboratory indicators indicate that a single intramuscular injection of this drug is not enough to prevent anemia.
Leukocyte blood formula and the incidence of calves against the background of the use of Tanamine Zn
Authors: Lavrinova E. V. , Semenyutin V. V. , Krapivina E. V.
Published: January 2024

The new living conditions that animals get into in the early neonatal period are associated with diseases caused by maintenance and feeding, as well as untimely veterinary treatments for both mothers and newborns. Therefore, it is extremely important to introduce ingredients into their diet that contribute to successful adaptation. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the feed additive «Tanamin Zn» on the leukocyte formula of blood and the manifestation of diarrhea syndrome in calves. During the experiment, the experimental animals-analogues were divided into groups. The experiment was carried out on calves of the black-and-white breed (Bessonovsky type) in the conditions of the collective farm-stud farm named after V.Ya. Gorin, Belgorod region. Groups (12 heads in each) were formed taking into account origin, sex, live weight (LW) and age. The I-K – control group included calves who received the main diet (MD), and the II group included calves who received, in addition to MD, tanamine Zn at a dose of 0,05 g / kg of live weight / day during the entire dairy period (60 days). It was found that the total number of leukocytes during feeding (1;30;60 days) of the supplement and during the aftereffect (90 days) was within the physiological norm with different directions of changes in the number of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. In addition, we have shown a decrease in the manifestations of diarrhea syndrome in calves of the experimental group in the first decade of life compared with the control by 25,0%, and its duration by 35,7%. The obtained research results were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 computer program using Student's criterion. The results were considered significant from p≤0.05.
Etiology of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of calves in the conditions of farms of the Vologda region
Authors: Makarova V. N. , Badeeva O. B. , Koryukina M. V. , Simanova I. N.
Published: January 2024

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Dynamics of electrophysiological parameters of variability of the heart rate of cows
Authors: Ippolitova T. V. , Naumov M. M. , Stepura E. E. , Naumov N. M. , Kuznetsov S. V.
Published: January 2024

Studies of the heart of cattle are important in veterinary practice due to insufficient attention to heart diseases in this type of animal of the Jersey cow breed. The heart is important for the animal organism, which provides a balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. During the experiment, the animals were divided into four groups according to the stress index and the initial vegetative tone. The stress index (TI) is an indicator that most fully informs about the degree of stress of the compensatory internal mechanisms of the body, as well as the level of functioning of the central circuit of heart rhythm regulation. An analysis of the cardiovascular system of animals was carried out according to R.M. Baevsky, sinus heart rate was recorded with subsequent analysis of the structure. The studies were carried out using the modern complex electrocardiographic laboratory "CONAN 4.5" developed at the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov at the Department of Higher Nervous Activity. A comparative analysis of the numerical characteristics of electrophysiological indicators was carried out. Based on these data, the breed characteristics of the Jersey cows were established. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a widely used method in medical practice to assess autonomic regulation and the state of the heart. Mathematical analysis of the electrocardiogram allows you to determine the indices and identify the state of the autonomic nervous system. An important role is played by the issue of meeting the needs of the population in dairy products. For this reason, the livestock industry is developing rapidly. However, when improving dairy cattle breeding, it is necessary to take into account the physiological capabilities and characteristics of animals at all stages of their ontogenesis. The study of the cardiovascular system is of great importance in veterinary medical and preventive work.
Sensitivity of Salmonella Infantis to antimicrobial drugs
Authors: Gorbaneva A. S. , Yurin D. V. , Skvortsov V. N. , Laishevtsev A. I.
Published: January 2024

Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis, is an important aetiological agent of salmonellosis, isolated from poultry products. Salmonella strains, resistant to a number of antimicrobials, are becoming quite common and that is an emerging problem in prophylaxis and treatment of the disease. In the present study we deal with 15 strains of S. infantis, isolated from chicks with salmonellosis, and their susceptibility to antibacterial drugs of different groups: fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, nitrofurans, tetracyclines, sulfadimidine/trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. The antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by disc diffussion assay. The results were identified as follows: susceptible strain, intermediate susceptibility, resistant strain. In the process of evaluating the susceptibility of S. infantis to different antimicrobials we obtained ambiguous results. Our data show that the isolates we studied (93-100% of all the strains) were highly sensitive to aminoglycosides namely kanamycin, tobramycin, netillin and amikacin. But only 40% of the isolates were sensitive to neomycin and 79% - to gentamicin. As many as 93% of the isolates proved resistant to streptomycin. As for fluoroquinolones 87-93% of the studied isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin and levofloxacin; 67-73% of them were sensitive to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. As many as 86% of the studied isolates of S. infantis were resistant to norfloxacin and moxifloxacin. As many as 79% of the isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 53% of the isolates – to chloramphenicol. All of the studied strains of Salmonella proved to be resistant to tetracycline, doxycycline, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime.
Features of the microscopic structure of the intestinal wall in females of the ixodic tick of the genus Dermacentor during the feeding period
Authors: Proskurin D. A. , Dilekova O. V.
Published: January 2024

Ixodic ticks of the genus Dermacentor are parasitomorphic ticks that are carriers of a number of dangerous zooanthropozonoses, have a wide distribution. The intestine of an adult contains several types of cells: digesting, secretory, reserve and yolk cells. Digestive cells of types 1 and 2 are involved in the process of intracellular digestion and are the main components of the wall of the middle intestine. After insemination, yolk cells begin to form in the intestine, regulating the development of oocytes. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Examination, Anatomy and Pathanatomy named after Prof. S. N. Nikolsky and at the Scientific Diagnostic and Therapeutic Veterinary Center of the Stavropol State Agrarian University, as well as on the basis of veterinary clinics of IP Zaichenko "Veterinary Center named after Pirogova". The object of the study was ixode mites, the material for the study was the digestive system of females, in particular the middle part of the intestine. Macroscopic examination of the nourished females of the Dermacentor tick helped to reveal that the intestine is an unpaired tubular organ divided into three sections: the esophagus, the sac-like meatus and the small intestine. With the arrival of blood, the intestine expands, as a result of which reserve cells begin to grow and differentiate into primary digestive ones. By the time egg laying begins, digestive cells of type I degenerate and are replaced by digestive cells of type II, differentiated from reserve cells. In nourished females, with an active process of vitellogenesis, the presence of specialized yolk cells is noted. Thus, with the beginning of the feeding period in ixodic mites, an increase in the intestine occurs due to the asynchronous development of digestive cells of type I and II. During digestion, secretory cells are focally exfoliated into the intestinal cavity filled with the host's blood, which characterizes the acceleration of the process of erythrocyte hemolysis. In the final phase of digestion, and the beginning of the vitellogenesis process, yolk cells are formed that regulate the development of oocytes.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Lifelong Learning Participation Among Working Adults by Education Level: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors:   The Korean Society for Lifelong Education, Jang Chang Sung , Jeon Haram , Kim Jae-hyung
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify types of lifelong learning participation of working adults by their education level and investigate how predictors and outcomes of participation vary in different groups. The data was drawn from the Korean Adult Lifelong Learning Survey conducted in 2022, and a total of 6,663 working adults were analyzed. A latent class analysis was performed using non-formal education and informal learning participation responses. The main findings are: first, four types of lifelong learning participation by education level were identified. They were categorized as follows: (1) less-educated, low-participation, (2) well-educated, high-participation, (3) less-educated, traditional learning methods-based, and (4) well-educated, media-based. Higher possibilities in lifelong learning participation were found in well-educated groups compared to their less-educated counterparts. Differences in education level were closely associated with the possibility of non-formal education participation. In the context of informal learning participation, less-educated groups tended to rely heavily on traditional learning methods, whereas the well-educated were more likely to prefer new learning platforms. Second, age, lifelong learning participation motivations, and firm size were the significant factors influencing class membership of lifelong learning participation by education level. Third, scores for lifelong learning participation outcomes were found to be higher in less-educated groups than in the well-educated. Based on the findings, we suggested implications for policy and practice to build an inclusive adult learning system coping with social inequalities.
Psychological and neuropsychological clinical impact in brain cancer patients and evidence-based psychological intervention: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Caponnetto Pasquale , Schilirò Giulia , Maglia Marilena , Prezzavento Graziella Chiara , Baeken Chris , Quattropani Maria Catena
Published: January 2024

Background

Cancer patients may suffer from psychological disorders related to their health condition. Various medical, surgical, and interventional procedures, alongside the distinct tumor localization, have been linked to an elevated predisposition towards psychological disorders, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive impairments.

Objective

To systematically review the literature on neurocognitive rehabilitation of patients before and after brain cancer.

Methods

The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for the systematic review of the PRISMA Group. The literature search was conducted from February 2022 to December 2022 in the databases of PubMed, APA PsycNet, and Web of Science. The focus was on cognitive-behavioural treatments, with Goal Management Training (GMT), and also an app on the iPad- ReMind- that includes psychoeducation, strategy training, and retraining, and new technologies such as virtual reality, in patients with cognitive deficits after neurosurgery.

Conclusions

Overall, neurocognitive rehabilitation had an improvement on cancer patients and a recovery of executive and cognitive functions, a better quality of life, and psychological well-being.
Pathways to enhance millet production and consumption in Bhutan - Policy Brief
Authors:   International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), JHA Anil
Published: January 2024

Communities across the world have consumed foods from millet “ as a traditional food and source of nutrition “ for generations. However, with changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, millet has lost its prominence, making many countries dependent on import-driven cereals like rice, wheat, and maize. Despite the potential to address food and nutritional security, millet production has declined. Millet is a climate-resilient crop that have been identified as an alternative to potential cereals in the hilly regions of the Hindu Kush Himalayan region in addressing food and nutrition security, especially under the current climate change scenarios. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has designated the year 2023 as the International Year of Millets.
Community health workers in Belgium
Authors: Masquillier Caroline , Mullie Karen , Nothelier Laura , De Backer Mathieu , Neelen Mathias
Published: January 2024

People with limited or no access to healthcare are often described as "hard to reach". But from their perspective, it is the health services that are hard to reach (Onyango et al. 2017). Innovative ways are needed to make health care more accessible to these underserved vulnerable populations. This video introduces a project in which community health workers improve access to care for people living in socially vulnerable conditions in ten Belgian cities.