bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature and nurture of resilience—reactions of trizygotic triplet minors to their father’s death
Authors: Mayerhofer Doris , Bogyi Gertrude , Koska Christine , Rüsch Regina , Thaller Judith , Skala Katrin
Published: October 2022

Background

Parental bereavement during childhood is associated with an elevated risk for the development of psychiatric problems. This paper seeks to provide insight into the adjustment process of trizygotic triplets dealing with their father’s death, thus, trying to give an impression of the individual nature of grief and resilience.

Methods

We examined 11-year-old trizygotic triplets (2 boys and 1 girl) concerning behavioral problems (CBCL/6-18R, YSR/11-18R), posttraumatic stress disorder (UCLA PTSD Index for DSM‑5, UPID), depression (“Depressionsinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche,” DIKJ), and fear (“Phobiefragebogen für Kinder und Jugendliche,” PHOKI) shortly after their father’s death and 6 months later. The girl was developmentally delayed and had moderate intellectual disability, while her brothers’ development was age-appropriate.

Results

The triplets showed very different adjustment to the traumatic event. While the boys showed less psychopathological response to their loss shortly after their father’s death and adjusted physiologically during the following 6 months, their sister scored high in almost all dimensions and still presented with notable psychopathological symptoms at the 6‑month follow-up.

Conclusion

Outcomes differ distinctly despite objectively equal risk and protective factors. While it is known that above average intellectual abilities represent a protective factor for posttraumatic stress, these results show that intellectual retardation might be a prominent yet understudied risk factor in dealing with postbereavement psychopathology in children.
Operators’ Requirements for SSA Services
Authors: Alfano Salvatore , Oltrogge Daniel L. , Arona Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

The space data association (SDA), an association of global satellite operators working to ensure a controlled, reliable, and efficient space environment, has run a survey among its members to gather data on their Conjunction Assessment concept of operations. These include collision avoidance Go/No-Go metrics, collision avoidance targets, and operational constraints. This paper assesses the various positional accuracy requirements of space situational awareness (SSA) data associated with each of these diverse "Go/No-Go" metrics as employed in the conjunction mitigation processes used for space traffic coordination and spaced traffic management. These metrics include miss distance at the time of closest approach (TCA), componentized miss distance (e.g., TCA radial separation to preclude collision even when in-track or cross-track separations or uncertainties are unknown), and maximum collision probability and estimated actual probability. A common practice is to approximate a spacecraft’s hardbody with an encapsulating sphere. This one-shape-fits-all approach eliminates the need to determine orientation, but results in an overestimated object volume and an overinflated probability unless both satellites are actually spheres. The dependence of collision probability on orientation and configuration/shape of the satellites at TCA is examined in contrast to the use of an encapsulating spheres to produce more representative probabilities. To overcome the lack of knowledge of the enveloping box's orientation a spectrum of collision probability values corresponding to a range of box orientations, from which the interrelationship between attitudinal knowledge and position accuracy required for a given collision probability threshold can be determined. It was found that such an approach can typically reduce probability by a factor of 3 or more. The interrelationships between SSA positional accuracy, the operator-selected Go/No-Go metric and its threshold, timeliness, and resulting maneuver frequency is also explored. For example, the necessity to perform a collision avoidance maneuver adhere to a squared relationship on the adopted miss-distance threshold. The miss distance threshold adopted by the operator should, if done properly, be a function of the estimated accuracy of the primary and secondary objects as a function of time. This paper concludes by comparing the accuracy requirements derived for each metric above with estimates of positional accuracy observed in actual SSA data fusion experiments conducted this past year. In many situations, the accuracy of legacy and commercial SSA systems is insufficient to support the adopted Go/No-Go metric without using comprehensive data fusion techniques. Recommendations for operators are provided.
Hybrid swarm intelligent algorithm for multi-UAV formation reconfiguration
Authors: Gao Chenyang , Ma Jianfeng , Li Teng , Shen Yulong
Published: October 2022

Formation flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) utilizes reconfiguration procedures to handle a variety of emergencies, such as collision avoidance, malfunctions, fuel savings, and member replacement. As UAVs have limited computing power and energy resources, it is necessary to optimize the control inputs to reduce the distance travelled by UAVs while reducing the computing costs during formation reconfiguration. In this paper, the problem of multi-UAV reconfiguration is decoupled into two stages: task assignment and control input optimization of UAVs. For a solution to the above problem, we propose an adaptive hybrid particle swarm optimization and differential evolution algorithm (AHPSODE) to optimize minimize the distance of the total movement and reduce the computing cost of formation reconfiguration. Based on the idea of receding horizon control (RHC) and the nonlinear model of multi-UAV formation reconfiguration, an RHC controller using AHPSODE is designed to optimize the control input of the UAV group to obtain the shortest movement distance, and this method can reduce the computation time. We use the CEC 2017 test suit to test the performance of our proposed AHPSODE algorithm, and simulate the AHPSODE-based RHC controller to manage formation reconfiguration. The results show that our proposed AHPSODE performed well in convergence and accuracy and the RHC controller is effective.
Rethinking Spaces of Leisure: How People Living with Dementia Use the Opportunities Leisure Centres Provide to Promote their Identity and Place in the World
Authors: Russell Christopher , Kohe Geoffery Z. , Evans Shirley , Brooker Dawn
Published: October 2022

We report on research that found joining activities within community leisure and fitness centres (Centres) enabled people living with dementia to create meaning about everyday life and foster identity. Focusing on three Centres in England, the study was informed by the experiences and accounts of four people living with dementia, their life-partner (if applicable) and the sports professional most closely associated with the person as each participated within a range of leisure opportunities. The methodology was underpinned by phenomenological philosophy and utilised participative methods. Theoretically, the paper draws upon considerations of serious leisure that provide ways in which the participants’ experiences could be understood and wider implications considered. Conceptual themes we derived from the data analysis were place, citizenship, and belonging (where the Centre acting as a physical space was important); identity and interaction (where the focus was upon space making and embodiment); safe spaces and care (i.e., how wellbeing was sustained and how participation and meaningful engagement occurred within the space); and, the value of Centres as opportunity structures (where all of these themes coalesced). Amid current public health debates over resourcing and care, this research provides timely insights and continued needed debates on the relationship between adequate social, economic and political support/resourcing, and the ability of Centres to facilitate and sustain meaningful and safe spaces. Beyond, we suggest our findings offer learning that might extend to wider contexts; for example, through including Centres within social care and health initiatives, where emphasis will be upon participation as a citizen rather than as a patient.
Doomed to Consume? Non-satiation as a Flaw in the Current Economic Paradigm and What Communities Can Do About It
Authors: Pettini Anna , Musikanski Laura
Published: October 2022

The axiom of insatiability within economic theory states that needs, wants and desires can never be satisfied. This axiom drives the utility function upon which most economic policy is based. Non-satiation is not a natural human condition but rather a theoretical and cultural construction. Non-satiation is a myth that has been taken as truth in traditional economic theory. In this paper, we deconstruct the myth of non-satiation and relate its impact on the goals of human well-being and sustainable development. This paper is written for community organisers and change agents with the goal of helping them to understand a foundational premise driving the current economic paradigm and what they can do about it. In this paper, we explain some basic economic theory in simple terms for the reader who is not a trained economist so that they may gain an understanding of the underpinnings of economic theory that drives current economic policies and practices, and inspiration for changing the dominant economic paradigm.
Biochar granulation reduces substrate erosion on green roofs
Authors: Liao Wenxi , Sifton Melanie A. , Thomas Sean C.
Published: October 2022

Green roofs are exposed to high winds and harsh environmental conditions that can degrade vegetation and erode substrate material, with negative consequences to ecosystem services. Biochar has been promoted as an effective substrate additive to enhance plant performance, but unprocessed biochars are susceptible to wind and water erosion. Applications of granulated biochars or chemical dust suppressants are suggested as a means to mitigate biochar and substrate erosion; however, research on biochar type and chemical dust suppressant use on biochar and substrate erosion is lacking. Vegetation is a crucial factor that influences substrate erosion, yet plant responses may vary with biochar type and chemical dust suppressant; thus, the effects of possible mitigation measures on biochar and substrate erosion are unclear. We investigated the effects of surface-applied granulated and unprocessed biochars and an organic dust suppressant (Entac™) on biochar and substrate erosion on green roofs withSedum albumL. and a native plant mix. Our results show that 94% of unprocessed biochars were lost from green roofs after 2 years regardless of the Entac™ amendment, likely due to the lightweight nature and fragmentation of biochar particles. In contrast, granulation of biochars reduced the biochar erosion and total substrate erosion by 74% and 39%, respectively, possibly due to enhanced biochar bulk density and particle size and improved moisture retention of biochar-amended substrates. Additionally,Sedum albumbetter reduced biochar and substrate erosion than the native plant mix, likely due to rapid development of high vegetation cover that reduced wind exposure and enhanced substrate moisture retention. We conclude that applications of granulated biochars can substantially reduce biochar and substrate erosion on green roofs, improving green roof sustainability.

Graphical Abstract
Investigating change across time in prevalence or association: the challenges of cross-study comparative research and possible solutions
Authors: Bann David , Wright Liam , Goisis Alice , Hardy Rebecca , Johnson William , Maddock Jane , McElroy Eoin , Moulton Vanessa , Patalay Praveetha , Scholes Shaun , Silverwood Richard J. , Ploubidis George B. , O’Neill Dara
Published: October 2022

Cross-study research initiatives to understand change across time are an increasingly prominent component of social and health sciences, yet they present considerable practical, analytical and conceptual challenges. First, we discuss the key challenges to comparative research as a basis for detecting societal change, as well as possible solutions. We focus on studies which investigate changes across time in outcome occurrence or the magnitude and/or direction of associations. We discuss the use and importance of such research, study inclusion, sources of bias and mitigation, and interpretation. Second, we propose a structured framework (a checklist) that is intended to provide guidance for future authors and reviewers. Third, we outline a new open-access teaching resource that offers detailed instruction and reusable analytical syntax to guide newcomers on techniques for conducting comparative analysis and data visualisation (in both R and Stata formats).
Effect of Fluid Resuscitation Strategies for Obese Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Wang Minjie , Lu Zongqing , Yang Min
Published: October 2022

Purpose

As the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (2021) recommended, patients with sepsis should be given a liquid infusion of 30 ml/kg (ideal body weight). However, the strategy may result in insufficient resuscitation for obese patients with sepsis. Therefore, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of the initial resuscitation strategy in obese sepsis patients.

Materials and methods

A computer search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and other databases collected cohort studies from the beginning of the survey to December 2021 to include articles evaluating initial resuscitation strategies for sepsis-obese patients.

Results

Of the six studies included, five used ideal body weight infusion strategies, and three used actual body weight infusion strategies. Differences in fluid volume were observed between the two strategies, but no significant difference was observed in the mortality of obese sepsis patients. In addition, there may be an infusion strategy other than the above two infusion methods, and the safety and efficacy of the new infusion strategy are unclear. The obesity paradox has been observed in most infusion strategies.

Conclusion

The association between obesity and infusion strategy has rarely been investigated in patients with sepsis and septic shock, and the existing results are conflicting. The risk of bias in all included studies was moderate or high. Before providing broad recommendations on the optimal first resuscitation approach to lower the chance of mortality, further clinical trials, and prospective research need to be done.
Introduction to Parallel Programming
Authors: Kumar Subodh
Published: October 2022

In modern computer science, there exists no truly sequential computing system; and most advanced programming is parallel programming. This is particularly evident in modern application domains like scientific computation, data science, machine intelligence, etc. This lucid introductory textbook will be invaluable to students of computer science and technology, acting as a self-contained primer to parallel programming. It takes the reader from introduction to expertise, addressing a broad gamut of issues. It covers different parallel programming styles, describes parallel architecture, includes parallel programming frameworks and techniques, presents algorithmic and analysis techniques and discusses parallel design and performance issues. With its broad coverage, the book can be useful in a wide range of courses; and can also prove useful as a ready reckoner for professionals in the field.
Economic Policy in the 21st Century
Authors: Acocella Nicola
Published: October 2022

Economic policy is facing crises on multiple fronts. With the effects of the last financial crisis still with us, it is now faced with the new challenges of post-Covid economic recovery and dealing with the negative effects of over consumption on the climate. This book explores the future of economic policy in relation to what the author sees as the four great policy challenges of the first half of the 21st century: the after effects of the last financial crisis and the catastrophic impact of the Covid pandemic, secular stagnation, growing poverty and inequality, and globalization. The existence of these economic problems has become increasingly relevant since some of the tools available to public action have become useless. As economists begin to suggest new instruments of economic policy, this book will help the reader understand the nature of the economic and political facts that influence both current and future generations.
Quest for Democracy
Authors: Khatib Line
Published: October 2022

Since the uprisings of 2010 and 2011, it has often been assumed that the politics of the Arab-speaking world is dominated, and will continue to be dominated, by orthodox Islamic thought and authoritarian politics. Challenging these assumptions, Line Khatib explores the current liberal movement in the region, examining its activists and intellectuals, their work, and the strengths and weaknesses of the movement as a whole. By investigating the underground and overlooked actors and activists of liberal activism, Khatib problematizes the ways in which Arab liberalism has been dismissed as an insignificant sociopolitical force, or a mere reaction to Western formulations of liberal politics. Instead, she demonstrates how Arab liberalism is a homegrown phenomenon that has influenced the politics of the region since the nineteenth century. Shedding new light on an understudied movement, Khatib provokes a re-evaluation of the existing literature and offers new ways of conceptualizing the future of liberalism and democracy in the modern Arab world.
Trading with a Friend's Enemy
Authors: Moiseienko Anton
Published: October 2022

Economic sanctions have been the West's response of choice to Russia's full-scale aggression in Ukraine. Predictably, speculation abounds as to what these sanctions portend for future responses to acts of interstate aggression. The principles underpinning the “trading with the enemy” laws of a seemingly bygone era have resurfaced but applied not to the sanctioning powers’ own enemies but in solidarity with another state, at least insofar as the breaches of erga omnes obligations through armed aggression are concerned. The contemporary expansion in sanctions practice may have far-reaching repercussions.
Queering Jewish Dance: Baruch Agadati
Authors: Schwan Alexander H.
Published: October 2022

The work of the homosexual Israeli dance pioneer and choreographer Baruch Agadati (1895–1976) queered Jewish dance. His project of Hebrew Dance was a queer take on traditional Jewish dance material mixed with a seemingly queer shift of the antisemitic distortions of this material. Throughout his approach to Jewish dance traditions from a perspective as a nonobservant, secular Jew, Agadati transcended boundaries of religion, secularity, and nation to a complex questioning of how Jewishness could be expressed through modern dance.
Populist performance(s) in contemporary Greek rap music
Authors: Savvopoulos Kostas , Stavrakakis Yannis
Published: October 2022

In recent years, rap music has been growing rapidly within the Greek cultural landscape. This paper places emphasis on a particular politicised current within the genre, examining closely two recent examples from the Greek context. Although such performances have already been broadly discussed as ‘populist’ within public debate, this paper aims at rigorously assessing this claim. To do so, it first turns to contemporary populism research in order to articulate a consistent and operational approach that can be utilised in the analysis of rap performances. Against the background of a minimal definitional consensus highlighting populism's people-centrism and anti-elitism, this contribution will then focus on (a) the performative dimension of populism and its occasional extra-political conditioning and (b) populist performances within popular music, namely rap. Could one designate rap music as a locus of populist performance(s)? How could such a hypothesis be substantiated through the analysis of concrete examples from the contemporary Greek scene?
From ‘we shall prevail’ to ‘weapon of struggle’: Populism, Chile'sUnidad Populargovernment andNueva Canción
Authors: Carrasco Gonzalo , Bendrups Dan , Urribarrí Raúl Sanchez
Published: October 2022

The Chileannueva canción(‘new song’) movement is one of Latin America's most enduring musical phenomena. Strongly associated with the rise of left-wing political forces in the 1960s, and then with anti-dictatorship protests in the 1970s and 1980s,nueva canciónis deeply embedded in Chilean political consciousness. This article provides a new perspective on the movement by exploring its populist elements and considering these in relation to Communist Party cultural policy. It focuses on a significant historical moment – the Chilean Communist Party's 1971 Assembly on the Chilean Revolution and the Problems of Culture – to ascertain how the political potential of ‘Chilean new song’ was viewed by this key partner in the Chilean coalition government. Through this examination, this article offers new insight into the political positioning of CNS, illustrating the movement's socio-political role in terms of the broader ideological principles and imperatives of thevía chilena(‘Chilean road’) to socialism.
Mechatronic design of dynamically decoupled manipulators based on the control performance improvement
Authors: Lu Yaodong , Aoustin Yannick , Arakelian Vigen
Published: October 2022

The control of industrial robot manipulators presents a difficult problem for control engineers due to the complexity of their nonlinear dynamics models. Nonlinear controls based on feedback linearization are developed to meet control requirements. Model-based nonlinear control is highly sensitive to parameter errors and leads to problems of robustness for tracking trajectories at high speeds, and there is the additional problem of a heavy computational burden to consider in the design of nonlinear controllers. In this paper, a mechatronic design approach is proposed, which aims to facilitate controller design by redesigning the mechanical structure. The problem is approached in two steps: first, the dynamic decoupling conditions of manipulators are described and discussed, involving redistribution of the moving mass, which leads to the decoupling of motion equations. A classical linear control law is then used to track the desired efficient bang-bang profile trajectory. Then, in the presence of parameter uncertainty and external disturbances, the nonlinear controls with simple structures are adopted to stabilize the decoupled system asymptotically. An analysis of the results from a simulation of this approach demonstrates its effectiveness in controller design. The proposed improvement in control performance is illustrated via two spatial manipulators.
A one-DOF compliant gripper mechanism with four identical twofold-symmetric Bricard linkages
Authors: Chen Kunjing , Lai Tianxiang , Yang Fufu , Zhang Jun , Yao Ligang
Published: October 2022

Gripper is one of the most important parts of robot because of contacting with workpieces directly and has attracted lots of research interests. However, the existing grippers are either simple in function or complex in structure. In this paper, we will propose a one-DOF gripper based on a compliant mechanism with four identical twofold-symmetric Bricard linkages. A mobile network with four identical twofold-symmetric Bricard linkages with particular design parameters is constructed at first. Kinematics, such as mobility, singularity, and folding performance, is then analyzed to show the potential of realizing the function of grasping. The result is demonstrated with a physical prototype. To simplify the fabricating process, a compliant mechanism of the network is designed and fabricated with a single polypropylene board, and the grasping function is realized by a cable-driven scheme. Some grasping experiments are carried out on different types of objects which shows that the proposed and fabricated four-figure gripper is simple in structure and has a great grasping function. The work provides a new idea for the design of grippers with low cost, simple structure, and rich functions.
MMS Observations of Lower Hybrid and Whistler Waves Inside a Foreshock Transient
Authors: Guo Zhenyuan , Dai Lei , Ren Yong , Wang Chi
Published: October 2022

We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of lower hybrid and whistler waves at the compression region of a foreshock transient. Lower hybrid waves (LHWs) are observed at the boundaries of the compression region and excited by the instability associated with the density gradient. Electron fluxes parallel to the magnetic field exhibit oscillations at the frequency band close to the LHWs. Associated with LHWs, electron plateau‐like distributions in the parallel direction are observed during burst intervals. Evidence suggests that the LHWs likely contribute to parallel electron heating through Landau damping. Within the compression region, whistler waves are found driven by the electron perpendicular temperature anisotropy associated with the magnetic field pileup. These two types of plasma waves are intrinsically linked to the expansion of the transient. These results provide insights on the kinetic‐scale wave‐particle interactions associated with foreshock transients.
Saucers, Fingers, and Lobes: New Insights on Sill Emplacement From Scaled Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Arachchige Uchitha N. , Cruden Alexander R. , Weinberg Roberto , Slim Anja , Köpping Jonas
Published: October 2022

We investigate the conditions under which saucer‐shaped sills form and segment in the upper crust. We performed a series of scaled laboratory experiments that employ visco‐elastic‐plastic Laponite RD® (LRD) gels to model upper crustal rocks, and Newtonian paraffin oil as the magma analog. Saucer‐shaped sills always formed in experiments with a two‐layer upper crust. These experiments show sharp transitions from an inner flat sill to outer inclined sheets, which are characterized by non‐planar margins. The results show that: (a) the transition from an inner flat sill to an outer inclined sheet occurs when the sill radius to overburden depth ratio is between 0.5 and 2.5; (b) outer inclined sheets dip angles vary from 15° to 25°; (c) this transition is controlled by the ratio of the Young's modulus between the host material layers; (d) irregular finger‐like and/or lobate segment geometries form at the propagating tip of the experimental sills; and (e) the evolution and geometry of marginal segments and their connectors are different within the inner and outer sill. The results also suggest that there is no strict requirement for high horizontal stresses (>5 MPa) to form natural saucer‐shaped sill geometries. We conclude that analog experiments of magma emplacement into layered visco‐elastic‐plastic upper crustal analogs reproduce the complexity of natural saucer‐shaped sills and their marginal segmentation. The behavior of the experimental sills is compatible with brittle‐elastic fracture mechanisms operating at the intrusion scale, while marginal lobes and finger‐like segments are most likely linked to small‐scale visco‐plastic instabilities occurring at the crack tip scale, possibly aided by the low fracture surface energy of the host material.
The Influence of Bare Ground Thermal Roughness Length Parameterization on the Simulation of Near‐Surface Air and Skin Temperatures Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Xu , Yang Kun , Jiang Yaozhi , Sun Jing , Chen Yingying , Li Xin , Li Jianhui , Shi Jiancheng
Published: October 2022

An observation‐based parameterization of thermal roughness length (TRP) for bare ground has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. This scheme introduces a temperature scale to account for the impact of atmospheric stability. The effect of the TRP scheme is evaluated by comparing simulations with the default and with the implemented one for the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region. We find that the newly implemented scheme generally shows remarkable improvement in simulating the nighttime near‐surface 2m air temperature (T2) and daytime surface skin temperature (TSK), with a reduction in cold biases. The newly implemented scheme directly leads to weakened sensible heat release to the atmosphere in the daytime, thereby increasing energy storage in the land. These changes enhance snow melting in spring and reduce snow accumulation in autumn. Due to reduced snow cover and decreased albedo in the two transitional seasons, more solar radiation is absorbed by the land surface, leading to higher TSK and T2. In summer, the snow albedo feedback plays a minor role when there is minimal snow cover. In winter, the solar radiation is weak, and the atmosphere is relatively stable. Consequently, the warming effect due to the newly implemented scheme is more remarkable in the transitional seasons than in summer and winter. This work demonstrates the importance of the TRP in simulating T2 and TSK in the coupled atmosphere‐land model, and reveals that the influence of this scheme on T2 and TSK over the TP region is mainly associated with snow‐albedo‐shortwave radiation processes.
Potential Caves: Inventory of Subsurface Access Points on the Surface of Titan
Authors: Malaska Michael J. , Schoenfeld Ashley , Wynne J. Judson , Mitchell Karl L. , White Oliver , Howard Alan , Moore Jeffrey , Umurhan Orkan
Published: October 2022

We propose that cycling hydrocarbon rains on Saturn's moon Titan are likely to create subsurface conduits through dissolution geology of the extensive organic and largely‐soluble substrate. In this work we inventory different terrains and locations on Titan that could host potential subsurface access points or caves. Using Cassini data, we identified and enumerated a cryovolcanic construct, filled and empty lake basins that may have formed through karstic processes, estimates of closed valleys in organic plateaux, and enigmatic equatorial pits. Our preliminary survey identified over 21,000 estimated locations for future exploration to identify potential caves and cave forming processes on that world. We speculate that the exploration of these caves could teach us about the cave forming processes, as well as the past climate history and perhaps even chemical deposition history on Titan.
Convective Momentum Transport and Its Impact on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in E3SM‐MMF
Authors: Yang Qiu , Hannah Walter M. , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2022

Convective momentum transport (CMT) is the process of vertical redistribution of horizontal momentum by small‐scale turbulent flows from moist convection. Traditional general circulation models (GCMs) and their multiscale modeling framework (MMF) versions poorly represent CMT due to insufficient information of subgrid‐scale flows at each GCM grid. Here the explicit scalar momentum transport (ESMT) scheme for representing CMT is implemented in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model‐Multiscale Modeling Framework (E3SM‐MMF) with embedded 2‐D cloud‐resolving models (CRMs), and verified against E3SM‐MMF simulations with 3‐D CRMs and observations. The results show that representing CMT by ESMT helps reduce climatological mean precipitation model bias over the western Pacific and the ITCZ regions, which is attributed to the weakened mean easterlies over the Pacific. Also, CMT from simulations with 2‐D and 3‐D CRMs impose a similar impact on Kelvin waves by reducing their variability and slowing down their phase speed, but opposite impacts on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) variability. The ESMT scheme readily captures the climatological mean spatial patterns of the zonal and meridional components of CMT and their variability across multiple time scales, but shows some differences in estimating its magnitude. CMT mainly affects the MJO by decelerating its winds in the free troposphere, but accelerates its near‐surface winds. This study serves as a prototype for implementing CMT scheme in the MMF simulations, highlighting its crucial role in reducing model bias in mean state and spatiotemporal variability.
Mutual Coupling Mitigation in Array Dense Regime by an Antenna Distribution Optimization in SKA1‐LOW
Authors: Di Ninni Paola , Bercigli Mirko , Bolli Pietro , Labate Maria Grazia , Wijnholds Stefan J.
Published: October 2022

The Aperture Array Verification System 2.0 is the latest technological demonstrator designed for the Square Kilometer Array radio telescope operating at low frequency (50–350 MHz). This is an aperture phased array, known as a “station” of the radio telescope, with a pseudo‐random distribution of 256 dual polarized log‐periodic antennas. Mutual coupling effects among the antennas are known to produce detrimental effects especially at the lower end of the operating frequency band. This paper presents a relationship between the antennas electromagnetic performance and their physical position inside the station, followed by an identification of the most critical distances and alignment‐angles between antennas. The calibration accuracy of the station and its directivity within the field of view of the radio telescope are recalculated after repositioning ∼20% of the 256 antennas showing clear improvements in dense regime with respect to the actual AAVS2.0 layout.
Harmonics-assisted optical phase amplifier
Authors: Li Wu-Zhen , Yang Chen , Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Li Yan , Li Yin-Hai , Niu Su-Jian , Ge Zheng , Chen Li , Guo Guang-Can , Shi Bao-Sen
Published: October 2022

The change in the relative phase between two light fields serves as a basic principle for the measurement of the physical quantity that guides this change. It would therefore be highly advantageous if the relative phase could be amplified to enhance the measurement resolution. One well-known method for phase amplification involves the use of the multi-photon number and path-entangled state known as the NOON state; however, a high-number NOON state is very difficult to prepare and is highly sensitive to optical losses. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate in principle a phase amplifier scheme with the assistance of a harmonic generation process. The relative phase difference between two polarization modes in a polarized interferometer is amplified coherently four times with cascaded second-harmonic generation processes. We demonstrate that these amplification processes can be recycled and therefore have the potential to realize much higher numbers of multiple amplification steps. The phase amplification method presented here shows considerable advantages over the method based on NOON states and will be highly promising for use in precision optical measurements.
Two-dimensional Dirac plasmon-polaritons in graphene, 3D topological insulator and hybrid systems
Authors: In Chihun , Kim Un Jeong , Choi Hyunyong
Published: October 2022

Collective oscillations of massless particles in two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials offer an innovative route toward implementing atomically thin devices based on low-energy quasiparticle interactions. Strong confinement of near-field distribution on the 2D surface is essential to demonstrate extraordinary optoelectronic functions, providing means to shape the spectral response at the mid-infrared (IR) wavelength. Although the dynamic polarization from the linear response theory has successfully accounted for a range of experimental observations, a unified perspective was still elusive, connecting the state-of-the-art developments based on the 2D Dirac plasmon-polaritons. Here, we review recent works on graphene and three-dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) plasmon-polariton, where the mid-IR and terahertz (THz) radiation experiences prominent confinement into a deep-subwavelength scale in a novel optoelectronic structure. After presenting general light-matter interactions between 2D Dirac plasmon and subwavelength quasiparticle excitations, we introduce various experimental techniques to couple the plasmon-polaritons with electromagnetic radiations. Electrical and optical controls over the plasmonic excitations reveal the hybridized plasmon modes in graphene and 3D TI, demonstrating an intense near-field interaction of 2D Dirac plasmon within the highly-compressed volume. These findings can further be applied to invent optoelectronic bio-molecular sensors, atomically thin photodetectors, and laser-driven light sources.
Single cell transcriptomics reveals distinct transcriptional responses to oxycodone and buprenorphine by iPSC-derived brain organoids from patients with opioid use disorder
Authors: Ho Ming-Fen , Zhang Cheng , Moon Irene , Zhu Xiujuan , Coombes Brandon J. , Biernacka Joanna , Skime Michelle , Oesterle Tyler S. , Karpyak Victor M. , Schmidt Kristen , Gliske Kate , Ngo Quyen , Skillon Cedric , Seppala Marvin D. , Li Hu , Weinshilboum Richard M.
Published: October 2022

The opioid epidemic represents a national crisis. Oxycodone is one of the most prescribed opioid medications in the United States, whereas buprenorphine is currently the most prescribed medication for opioid use disorder (OUD) pharmacotherapy. Given the extensive use of prescription opioids and the global opioid epidemic, it is essential to understand how opioids modulate brain cell type function at the single-cell level. We performed single nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) using iPSC-derived forebrain organoids from three male OUD subjects in response to oxycodone, buprenorphine, or vehicle for seven days. We utilized the snRNA-seq data to identify differentially expressed genes following drug treatment using the Seurat integrative analysis pipeline. We utilized iPSC-derived forebrain organoids and single-cell sequencing technology as an unbiased tool to study cell-type-specific and drug-specific transcriptional responses. After quality control filtering, we analyzed 25787 cells and identified sixteen clusters using unsupervised clustering analysis. Our results reveal distinct transcriptional responses to oxycodone and buprenorphine by iPSC-derived brain organoids from patients with OUD. Specifically, buprenorphine displayed a significant influence on transcription regulation in glial cells. However, oxycodone induced type I interferon signaling in many cell types, including neural cells in brain organoids. Finally, we demonstrate that oxycodone, but not buprenorphine activated STAT1 and induced the type I interferon signaling in patients with OUD. These data suggest that elevation of STAT1 expression associated with OUD might play a role in transcriptional regulation in response to oxycodone. In summary, our results provide novel mechanistic insight into drug action at single-cell resolution.
The effect of oxytocin nasal spray on social interaction in young children with autism: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Guastella Adam J. , Boulton Kelsie A. , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Song Yun Ju , Thapa Rinku , Gregory Simon G. , Pokorski Izabella , Granich Joanna , DeMayo Marilena M. , Ambarchi Zahava , Wray John , Thomas Emma E. , Hickie Ian B.
Published: October 2022

Early supports to enhance social development in children with autism are widely promoted. While oxytocin has a crucial role in mammalian social development, its potential role as a medication to enhance social development in humans remains unclear. We investigated the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of intranasal oxytocin in young children with autism using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, following a placebo lead-in phase. A total of 87 children (aged between 3 and 12 years) with autism received 16 International Units (IU) of oxytocin (n = 45) or placebo (n = 42) nasal spray, morning and night (32 IU per day) for twelve weeks, following a 3-week placebo lead-in phase. Overall, there was no effect of oxytocin treatment over time on the caregiver-rated Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) (p = 0.686). However, a significant interaction with age (p = 0.028) showed that for younger children, aged 3–5 years, there was some indication of a treatment effect. Younger children who received oxytocin showed improvement on caregiver-rated social responsiveness ( SRS-2). There was no other evidence of benefit in the sample as a whole, or in the younger age group, on the clinician-rated Clinical Global Improvement Scale (CGI-S), or any secondary measure. Importantly, placebo effects in the lead-in phase were evident and there was support for washout of the placebo response in the randomised phase. Oxytocin was well tolerated, with more adverse side effects reported in the placebo group. This study suggests the need for further clinical trials to test the benefits of oxytocin treatment in younger populations with autism.

Trial registration www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12617000441314).
Dynamic HIV-1 spike motion creates vulnerability for its membrane-bound tripod to antibody attack
Authors: Yang Shuang , Hiotis Giorgos , Wang Yi , Chen Junjian , Wang Jia-huai , Kim Mikyung , Reinherz Ellis L. , Walz Thomas
Published: October 2022

Vaccines targeting HIV-1’s gp160 spike protein are stymied by high viral mutation rates and structural chicanery. gp160’s membrane-proximal external region (MPER) is the target of naturally arising broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), yet MPER-based vaccines fail to generate bnAbs. Here, nanodisc-embedded spike protein was investigated by cryo-electron microscopy and molecular-dynamics simulations, revealing spontaneous ectodomain tilting that creates vulnerability for HIV-1. While each MPER protomer radiates centrally towards the three-fold axis contributing to a membrane-associated tripod structure that is occluded in the upright spike, tilting provides access to the opposing MPER. Structures of spike proteins with bound 4E10 bnAb Fabs reveal that the antibody binds exposed MPER, thereby altering MPER dynamics, modifying average ectodomain tilt, and imposing strain on the viral membrane and the spike’s transmembrane segments, resulting in the abrogation of membrane fusion and informing future vaccine development.
GPR97 triggers inflammatory processes in human neutrophils via a macromolecular complex upstream of PAR2 activation
Authors: Chu Tai-Ying , Zheng-Gérard Céline , Huang Kuan-Yeh , Chang Yu-Chi , Chen Ying-Wen , I Kuan-Yu , Lo Yu-Ling , Chiang Nien-Yi , Chen Hsin-Yi , Stacey Martin , Gordon Siamon , Tseng Wen-Yi , Sun Chiao-Yin , Wu Yen-Mu , Pan Yi-Shin , Huang Chien-Hao , Lin Chun-Yen , Chen Tse-Ching , El Omari Kamel , Antonelou Marilina , Henderson Scott R. , Salama Alan , Seiradake Elena , Lin Hsi-Hsien
Published: October 2022

Neutrophils play essential anti-microbial and inflammatory roles in host defense, however, their activities require tight regulation as dysfunction often leads to detrimental inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Here we show that the adhesion molecule GPR97 allosterically activates CD177-associated membrane proteinase 3 (mPR3), and in conjugation with several protein interaction partners leads to neutrophil activation in humans. Crystallographic and deletion analysis of the GPR97 extracellular region identified two independent mPR3-binding domains. Mechanistically, the efficient binding and activation of mPR3 by GPR97 requires the macromolecular CD177/GPR97/PAR2/CD16b complex and induces the activation of PAR2, a G protein-coupled receptor known for its function in inflammation. Triggering PAR2 by the upstream complex leads to strong inflammatory activation, prompting anti-microbial activities and endothelial dysfunction. The role of the complex in pathologic inflammation is underscored by the finding that both GPR97 and mPR3 are upregulated on the surface of disease-associated neutrophils. In summary, we identify a PAR2 activation mechanism that directs neutrophil activation, and thus inflammation. The PR3/CD177/GPR97/PAR2/CD16b protein complex, therefore, represents a potential therapeutic target for neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
A distinct mammalian disome collision interface harbors K63-linked polyubiquitination of uS10 to trigger hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation
Authors: Narita Momoko , Denk Timo , Matsuo Yoshitaka , Sugiyama Takato , Kikuguchi Chisato , Ito Sota , Sato Nichika , Suzuki Toru , Hashimoto Satoshi , Machová Iva , Tesina Petr , Beckmann Roland , Inada Toshifumi
Published: October 2022

Translational stalling events that result in ribosome collisions induce Ribosome-associated Quality Control (RQC) in order to degrade potentially toxic truncated nascent proteins. For RQC induction, the collided ribosomes are first marked by the Hel2/ZNF598 E3 ubiquitin ligase to recruit the RQT complex for subunit dissociation. In yeast, uS10 is polyubiquitinated by Hel2, whereas eS10 is preferentially monoubiquitinated by ZNF598 in human cells for an unknown reason. Here, we characterize the ubiquitination activity of ZNF598 and its importance for human RQT-mediated subunit dissociation using the endogenous XBP1u and poly(A) translation stallers. Cryo-EM analysis of a human collided disome reveals a distinct composite interface, with substantial differences to yeast collided disomes. Biochemical analysis of collided ribosomes shows that ZNF598 forms K63-linked polyubiquitin chains on uS10, which are decisive for mammalian RQC initiation. The human RQT (hRQT) complex composed only of ASCC3, ASCC2 and TRIP4 dissociates collided ribosomes dependent on the ATPase activity of ASCC3 and the ubiquitin-binding capacity of ASCC2. The hRQT-mediated subunit dissociation requires the K63-linked polyubiquitination of uS10, while monoubiquitination of eS10 or uS10 is not sufficient. Therefore, we conclude that ZNF598 functionally marks collided mammalian ribosomes by K63-linked polyubiquitination of uS10 for the trimeric hRQT complex-mediated subunit dissociation.
Sliding nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Ying Yue , Zhang Zhuo-Zhi , Moser Joel , Su Zi-Jia , Song Xiang-Xiang , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: October 2022

The motion of a vibrating object is determined by the way it is held. This simple observation has long inspired string instrument makers to create new sounds by devising elegant string clamping mechanisms, whereby the distance between the clamping points is modulated as the string vibrates. At the nanoscale, the simplest way to emulate this principle would be to controllably make nanoresonators slide across their clamping points, which would effectively modulate their vibrating length. Here, we report measurements of flexural vibrations in nanomechanical resonators that reveal such a sliding motion. Surprisingly, the resonant frequency of vibrations draws a loop as a tuning gate voltage is cycled. This behavior indicates that sliding is accompanied by a delayed frequency response of the resonators, making their dynamics richer than that of resonators with fixed clamping points. Our work elucidates the dynamics of nanomechanical resonators with unconventional boundary conditions, and offers opportunities for studying friction at the nanoscale from resonant frequency measurements.