bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Première Guerre mondiale et l'essor de la place bancaire helvétique. L'exemple de la Société de Banque Suisse
Authors: Mazbouri Malik
Published: April 2013

Les bouleversements induits par la Première Guerre mondiale ont joué un rôle fondamental dans l’affirmation internationale du secteur bancaire suisse. Combinant l’étude de cas et la mise en contexte, le présent article discute des orientations prises par l’une des plus importantes banques helvétiques du XX e siècle (la Société de Banque Suisse, actuelle UBS) durant cette phase décisive de l’histoire de la place financière suisse. Archives internes et bilans comptables de la banque sont ici mobilisés pour donner à voir, en amont et en aval du premier conflit mondial, ainsi que durant le conflit lui-même, l’histoire singulière de cet établissement et, avec elle, quelques-uns des enjeux majeurs de l’histoire bancaire suisse du début du siècle dernier.
Reconstruire après une catastrophe : la Nouvelle-Orléans après l'ouragan Katrina et les villes européennes après les bombardements
Authors: Diefendorf Jeffry M.
Published: April 2013

Après que l’ouragan Katrina eut infligé des dégâts sérieux à la Nouvelle-Orléans en août 2005, citoyens, journalistes, et urbanistes partout aux États-Unis se focalisèrent sur la reconstruction de la ville. Beaucoup de gens firent le rapprochement entre cette catastrophe naturelle et la destruction des villes bombardées pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, et, comme bien d’urbanistes après la guerre, ils se félicitèrent de cette occasion de construire une nouvelle ville, supérieure à la précédente. On réclama immédiatement un nouveau « plan Marshall » afin de faire financer le projet par le gouvernement fédéral. Cet article examine les similitudes et les différences entre la reconstruction des villes allemandes après 1945 et la Nouvelle-Orléans après Katrina. Il explore les différents modes de financement, les types de propositions que génèrent les urbanistes, et la nature du processus de planification.
Occult Intraorbital Conjunctival Inclusion Cyst Discovered Almost 70 Years After Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Lally David R. , Eagle Ralph C. , Wasserman Barry N.
Published: April 2013

Orbital conjunctival epithelial inclusion cysts are a rare complication of strabismus surgery. A subconjunctival cystic mass with translucent fluid is the most common presentation. The authors describe a case of an epithelial inclusion cyst presenting as an occult orbital mass during reoperation strabismus surgery almost 70 years after strabismus surgery.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:e15–e17.]
The Effects of Mitomycin C on Tear Function After Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Contralateral Comparative Study
Authors: Farahi Azadeh , Hashemi Hassan , Mehravaran Shiva
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:

To assess the effects of adjuvant mitomycin C (MMC) on tear function tests after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia.

METHODS:

In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, one eye of myopic patients undergoing PRK was randomly chosen for PRK and the other eye was treated with PRK plus the application of 0.02% MMC for 20 seconds onto the ablated stroma. All patients had corneal esthesiometry, fluorescein break-up time testing, fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining, and Schirmer testing with anesthesia, and they also completed a questionnaire preoperatively and at 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

RESULTS:

Twenty-seven patients with a mean age of 25 ± 3.27 years were enrolled. There were no statistically significant differences between the PRK and PRK+MMC groups regarding the symptoms and tear function tests preoperatively or at any postoperative follow-up visit. Preoperative and postoperative results in the total sample were also compared; statistically significantly different results were observed in fluorescein break-up time and dry eye symptoms at 1.5 months, which showed improvement thereafter. Corneal sensation was significantly lower at all postoperative follow-up visits compared with preoperative results.

CONCLUSIONS:

The intraoperative use of MMC during PRK did not induce tear deficiency, and it seems that MMC can be used safely when necessary.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(4):260–264.]
Drivers and Policies for Increasing and Internationalising R&D Activities of EU Multinational Enterprises
Authors: Cincera Michele
Published: April 2013

R&D and innovation activities of firms are the main source of economic growth over the long term. A recent trend is the increasing off shoring of R&D activities of large Multinational Enterprises (MNE), i.e. delocalization of R&D outside their home countries. After examining the evidence and explanatory factors of this new phenomenon, the authors focus on the study of the factors impacting on the internationalization of R&D of EU MNEs. Based on the data coming from a survey of large EU MNEs, they first present some descriptive statistics based on this survey and, second, carry out an econometric analysis to examine the drivers of R&D internationalization, of the preferred location(s), and the impact of public support granted to R&D. Policy implications are also discussed.
Do Virtual Communities Have an Effect on the Social Network of Cancer Patients?
Authors: Leimeister Jan Marco , Schweizer Karin Janina , Krcmar Helmut
Published: April 2013

This chapter presents the results of a study that investigates the determinants and effects of virtual communities on the development of social relationships within the social network of cancer patients. Influencing factors on the formation of virtual relationships and their effect in the form of social assistance are researched. Following an explorative approach, it is examined whether online communities meet their theoretical potential to provide an environment where social relationships can be established that help cancer patients to cope with their situation. The study shows that virtual relationships for patients are established in VCs and play an important role in meeting patients’ social needs. Important determinants for the formation of virtual relationships within virtual communities for patients are general internet usage intensity (active posting vs. lurking) and the perceived disadvantages of CMC. We also found that virtual relationships have a strong effect on virtual support of patients; more than 61% of the variance of perceived social assistance of cancer patients was explained by cancer-related VCs. Emotional support and information exchange delivered through these virtual relationships may help patients to better cope with their illness. Deduced from these results, recommendations for patients using online communities and providers administrating online communities are outlined.
Semi-Automated Lifecycles for Eliciting Requirements for Service-Oriented Environments
Authors: Blake M. Brian
Published: April 2013

Service-based tools are beginning to mature, but there is a cognitive gap between the understanding of what currently exists within an organization and how to use that knowledge in planning an overall enterprise modernization effort that realizes a service-oriented architecture. Traditional and contemporary software engineering lifecycles use incremental approaches to extract business information from stakeholders in developing features and constraints in a future application. In traditional environments, this information is captured as requirements specifications, use cases, or storyboards. Here, we address the evolution of traditional software engineering approaches to support the conceptualization of abstract services that overlap multiple organizations. Traditional software engineering lifecycles must be enhanced with emerging processes related to the development applications for service-oriented environments. The chapter discusses state-of-the-art approaches that elicit information about the requirements for service-oriented architectures. These approaches tend to leverage existing requirements engineering approaches to suggest aggregate service-based capabilities that might be most effective for a particular environment.
Quality of Service and Extra-Functional Properties for Web Services
Authors: Ortiz Guadalupe , Bordbar Behzad
Published: April 2013

The presented approach draws on two main software techniques: Model-Driven Architecture, and aspect-oriented programming. The method involves modeling of the Quality of Service and Extra-functional properties in a platform-independent fashion. Then applying model transformation, the platform-independent models are transformed into platform-specific models, and finally into code. The code for Quality of Service and Extra-functional properties are integrated into the system relying on aspect-oriented techniques in a decoupled manner. The presented approach is evaluated with the help of a case study to establish that the approach results in increasing the system’s modularity and thus reducing implementation and maintenance costs.
A Goal-Driven Approach for Service-Oriented Systems Design
Authors: Lee Chiung-Hon Leon , Liu Alan , Shr Arthur
Published: April 2013

This chapter introduces a goal-driven approach for modeling service requests in service-oriented systems. There are three challenges to this approach: how to represent a service request, how to map the request to predefined models, and how to generate a series of actions to satisfy these models. A goal model is used for user requirements elicitation, analysis, and representation. The service request from users is extracted and mapped to these goal models by a case-based method. A planning mechanism is designed to produce a sequence of activities to satisfy the extracted goals. By these methods, a more convenient and efficient service for users can be provided. A general architecture for an intention-aware service-oriented system is proposed for demonstrating how to apply the proposed approach.
Bridging the Gap between Business Process Models and Service Composition Specifications
Authors: Buchwald Stephan , Bauer Thomas , Reichert Manfred
Published: April 2013

Fundamental goals of any Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) include the flexible support and adaptability of business processes as well as improved business-IT alignment. Existing approaches, however, have failed to fully meet these goals. One of the major reasons for this deficiency is the gap that exists between business process models on the one hand and workflow specifications and implementations (e.g., service composition schemes) on the other hand. In practice, each of these two perspectives has to be regarded separately. In addition, even simple changes to one perspective (e.g. due to new regulations or organizational change) require error-prone, manual re-editing of the other one. Over time, this leads to degeneration and divergence of the respective models and specifications. This aggravates maintenance and makes expensive refactoring inevitable. This chapter presents a flexible approach for aligning business process models with workflow specifications. In order to maintain the complex dependencies that exist between high-level business process models (as used by domain experts) and technical workflow specifications (i.e., service composition schemas), respectively, (as used in IT departments) we introduce an additional model layer – the so-called system model. Furthermore, we explicitly document the mappings between the different levels (e.g., between business process model and system model). This simplifies model adoptions by orders of magnitudes when compared to existing approaches.
Adaptive and Dynamic Service Compositions in the OSGi Service Platform
Authors: Touseau Lionel , Gama Kiev , Donsez Didier , Rudametkin Walter
Published: April 2013

Service-oriented architectures provide a good level of decoupling between the elements that compose an application. Service compositions may take into account that services that take part in the composition can appear and disappear. This is typically not the case when using Web Services. In dynamic environments this uncertain service availability is a recurrent scenario. Applications should be ready to handle that and dynamically adapt their behavior based on the application’s context and the available services. Although typically presented using Web Services, there are also SOAs that use other technologies. In this chapter we provide an overview on some dynamic service oriented platforms, giving special focus on the OSGi Service Platform. Also, we present what principles and mechanisms help to handle dynamicity, and we provide information on the dynamic service-based component models targeting the OSGi platform. These models allow the realization of applications that are adaptive upon dynamic scenarios where service availability is uncertain.
Case Study on SOA Implementation Framework and Applications
Authors: Weng Tzu-Chun , Lin Yu-Ting , Stu Jay
Published: April 2013

As industry shows increasingly meager profits, increasing value-added products is imperative to enhance profits. Across all industries, executives are demanding more and more value and specific characteristics from their strategic business processes. The CEOs of enterprises engage in integrating their IT organizations to measurably improve the flow of data and information driving key business decisions. The Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) provides a set of infrastructure capabilities, implemented by middleware technology, that enable the integration of services in the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The ESB concept already has a number of uses that solve some very common and challenging integration problems. Innovative Digitech-Enabled Applications & Services Institute (IDEAS) of Institute for Information Industry (III) executed many projects, which support technology transfer to and assist some industries, subsidized by Economic department of Taiwan. Three relatively industrial applications with EBS are discussed.
Taxonomy of Marketing Core Competencies for Innovation
Authors: Viardot Eric
Published: April 2013

This chapter argues there is a lack of taxonomy of the various marketing capabilities that are necessary to achieve the market success of innovation. It tries to fill this gap by proposing a model that subsumes two classes of Marketing Core Competencies (MCC) for successful innovative companies. The first category of core competencies is related to a superior ability of the firm to identify and to connect the actual market needs with the innovation during the preparation of the new product launching phase. Once the innovation is on the market, a second group of core competencies is associated with the capacity of the firm to ease the customers’ tensions in order to facilitate the acceptance of the innovation and turn it into a market success through adoption and diffusion. In conclusion, the chapter underlines the importance of the place of these two categories of Marketing Core Competencies (MCC) in innovative firms.
R&D Internationalization as Mechanism of Innovation in Global Enterprises
Authors: Galina Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro
Published: April 2013

Internationalization of Research and Development (R&D) allows transnational companies (TNC) to access different and important resources overseas, which may lead to the improvement of their technological innovation. The literature in this field has been mostly created from studies of TNCs coming from developed countries. This chapter presents some of the main topics the literature addresses on R&D internationalization, then it will explore and verify how companies in developing countries internationalize their R&D activities. In order to do so, a bibliographic review about strategies of internationalization of TNC operations, as well as motivating factors and management of R&D internationalization have been conducted. The chapter finishes by presenting a case study about international R&D conducted in a Brazilian TNC. The results enabled to evidence that, like developed countries TNCs, developing countries’ companies also seem to perform internationalization of R&D activities with very similar characteristics.
New Media Art and a Contemporary Revision of the Term ‘Cultural Industry’ of Theodor Adorno
Authors: Romero Claudia Sandoval
Published: April 2013

This article examines some of the ideas that Theodor Adorno elucidated around the term “cultural industry”, compiling mainly the ideas published in the text “Aesthetic Theory” of 1970. The term “cultural industry” is also contextualized in the article with the reflections that Adorno previously exposed since 1947. Concerning the relation between art and autonomy the ideas of Adorno offer elements to understand contemporary art production. A dialog is created with the proposal of the North American theoretician and artist Martha Rosler to understand the chronological development of art before, during, and after Adorno. To conclude, the author also discusses contemporary new media art manifestations, which are analyzed through autonomy/cultural industry in relation to the proposals of the Brazilian theoretician Arlindo Machado.
A 3-Month Jump-Landing Training Program: A Feasibility Study Using the RE-AIM Framework
Authors: Aerts Inne , Cumps Elke , Verhagen Evert , Mathieu Niels , Van Schuerbeeck Sander , Meeusen Romain
Published: April 2013

Context:

Evaluating the translatability and feasibility of an intervention program has become as important as determining the effectiveness of the intervention.

Objective:

To evaluate the applicability of a 3-month jump-landing training program in basketball players, using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

National and regional basketball teams.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty-four teams of the second highest national division and regional basketball divisions in Flanders, Belgium, were randomly assigned (1:1) to a control group and intervention group. A total of 243 athletes (control group = 129, intervention group = 114), ages 15 to 41 years, volunteered.

Intervention(s):

All exercises in the intervention program followed a progressive development, emphasizing lower extremity alignment during jump-landing activities.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

The results of the process evaluation of the intervention program were based on the 5 dimensions of the RE-AIM framework. The injury incidence density, hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were determined.

Results:

The participation rate of the total sample was 100% (reach). The hazard ratio was different between the intervention group and the control group (0.40 [95% confidence interval = 0.16, 0.99]; effectiveness). Of the 12 teams in the intervention group, 8 teams (66.7%) agreed to participate in the study (adoption). Eight of the participating coaches (66.7%) felt positively about the intervention program and stated that they had implemented the training sessions of the program as intended (implementation). All coaches except 1 (87.5%) intended to continue the intervention program the next season (maintenance).

Conclusions:

Compliance of the coaches in this coach-supervised jump-landing training program was high. In addition, the program was effective in preventing lower extremity injuries.
Precision processing barley grain did not affect productivity of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Schlau N. , Duineveld L. , Yang W. Z. , McAllister T. A. , Oba M.
Published: April 2013

Schlau, N., Duineveld, L., Yang, W. Z., McAllister, T. A. and Oba, M. 2013. Precision processing barley grain did not affect productivity of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 261–268. This study evaluated the effects of precision processing (PP; processing based on kernel size) barley grain on ruminal fermentation and productivity of lactating dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows, including eight ruminally cannulated cows, were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Diets contained light barley grain processed precisely using a narrow roller setting (LB), heavy barley processed precisely using a wide roller setting (HB), processed HB and LB mixed at equal proportions (PP), or equal parts of light and heavy barley grain processed at a single narrow roller setting (CON). All diets consisted of 40% barley grain, 40% barley silage, and 20% of a supplement premix. Comparisons were made between LB and HB to evaluate the effect of barley quality, and between PP and CON to evaluate the effect of precision processing. Dry matter intake, sorting index, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nutrient digestibility were not affected by diet. In addition, milk yield and concentrations of milk fat, protein, and lactose were not different, although milk urea nitrogen concentration was greater for PP vs. CON and for LB vs. HB. These results suggest that precision processing barley grain based on kernel size may not drastically affect ruminal fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows.
Seismoturbidite record as preserved at core sites at the Cascadia and Sumatra–Andaman subduction zones
Authors: Patton J. R. , Goldfinger C. , Morey A. E. , Romsos C. , Black B. , Djadjadihardja Y. ,   Udrekh
Published: April 2013

Abstract. Turbidite deposition along slope and trench settings is evaluated for the Cascadia and Sumatra–Andaman subduction zones. Source proximity, basin effects, turbidity current flow path, temporal and spatial earthquake rupture, hydrodynamics, and topography all likely play roles in the deposition of the turbidites as evidenced by the vertical structure of the final deposits. Channel systems tend to promote low-frequency components of the content of the current over longer distances, while more proximal slope basins and base-of-slope apron fan settings result in a turbidite structure that is likely influenced by local physiography and other factors. Cascadia's margin is dominated by glacial cycle constructed pathways which promote turbidity current flows for large distances. Sumatra margin pathways do not inherit these antecedent sedimentary systems, so turbidity currents are more localized.
Acetabular Revision Arthroplasty: Using the Hastings Bipolar Head to Enable Retention of a Well-Fixed Monoblock Stem
Authors: McLoughlin Louise , Leonard Michael , Curtin William
Published: April 2013

We describe a novel technique of combining the Hastings bipolar head, matched in size to the acetabular cup liner, with a fixed, cemented monoblock stem allowing for isolated uncemented acetabular revision arthroplasty.

Aim

To assess patient clinical and radiological outcomes after isolated uncemented acetabular revision arthroplasty using the Hastings bipolar head.

Methods

Clinical outcome was assessed with the Oxford and WOMAC hip scores. Radiographs were assessed pre-operatively for acetabular defects. Post operative osseointegration of the acetabular cup was then classified and the femoral stem was examined for signs of loosening.

Results

Nine acetabular components were revised in eight patients. Pre-Operative acetabular defects ranged from Paprosky type 1 to 3A. There were no significant intra or postoperative complications. At a mean final follow-up of 15 months, the Oxford hip score improved from an average of 17.5 pre-operatively to 44.1, and the WOMAC score had improved from 44.1 to 90.9. Eight acetabular cups demonstrated three or more signs of osseointegration with the remaining cup showing two signs. There were no signs of loosening of the retained femoral stems.

Conclusion

These short term results of the use of the Hastings bipolar head in isolated uncemented acetabular revision arthroplasty demonstrate good patient outcomes, reduced morbidity, decreased technical difficulties for the surgeon and reduced expense for the health service.
The Rhetorical Arts of Cooperation
Authors: Fahnestock Jeanne
Published: April 2013

Human social evolution depends in part on using language persuasively to secure cooperation. Rhetoric emerged in the West over two thousand years ago as a deliberate cultural construction. Though often misunderstood today, rhetoric is fundamental in general education programs that teach students how knowledge is forged in agreement and applied.
Recentering Pedagogy in an Age of Narcissism
Authors: Watters Ann O.
Published: April 2013

In contrast to the reciprocal altruism that fostered early humankind, an unintended consequence of student-centered pedagogy may be its contribution to the narcissism pervading society generally and recent college cohorts specifically. Educators should claim appropriate authority, discourage inappropriate entitlement, and encourage empathy, service to others, and decentered perspectives.
Crime against Innocence
Authors: Rix Alicia
Published: April 2013

Gaynor Arnold’s fictional interpretation of the relationship between Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) and Alice Liddell (the ‘real-life’ heroine of the Wonderland books) takes its title from a cruel piece of Through the Looking-Glass (1871) whimsy. The Walrus and the Carpenter lure juvenile oysters away from their beds promising a stroll, and, having eaten them all, weep lustily over their empty shells; Alice pronouncing them ‘both very unpleasant characters’. Arnold’s own foray into Victorian melodrama likewise concerns a crime against innocence in whose aftermath, like Alice, the reader is obliged to select the most culpable predator from an eccentric and unsympathetic array of creatures.
Hunting Captain Henley: Finding Fascism in the Reflective Voice
Authors: Pratt Kenneth
Published: April 2013

This paper explores how a reflective analysis of the literary structure of one’s own life writing can often lead to an exceptional intellectual discovery. The paper focuses on a particular narrative technique that developed during a journalistic investigation into the whereabouts of an English Army Captain who had allegedly bullied my dad in the British Army. Examples are drawn from a range of literary theorists and from the author’s own prose and critical evaluation. It is argued that the occupation of one language by another can generate a form of linguistic hyper-energy and from it the birth of what is described as Scotland’s Fascist Voice. Scots dialect’s uneasy alliance with Standard English in turn highlights Caledonian Antisyzygy, a term first coined by Gregory Smith in Scottish Literature: Character and Influence to spotlight the zigzag of contradictions at the heart of Scottish writing. The overall aim of the paper is to reveal a strong interdependence between literary theory and life writing.The subtext concludes that in isolation each offers restricted forms of expression, yet when blended can exhibit an independent intelligence free from the shackles of both conventional autobiography and traditional academic enquiry.
Reducing electric power costs in small water systems
Authors: Regnier John E. , Winters Richard
Published: April 2013

Opportunities exist for small water systems to reduce electric power costs by improving coordination of water operations with power supplier rate structures ‐ with little or no expenditure of funds.
Think globally: Replace disaster response with risk management
Authors: Lampe Les , Reedy Klint
Published: April 2013

Increasing demand for water, uncertainties in water supply, and escalating risk to infrastructure create urgency around the need for water supply portfolios to be re‐evaluated.
Disaster Preparedness: Increasing Community Resilience to Water Service Interruptions
Authors: Thomas Nushat
Published: April 2013

Imagine a day without the ability to provide potable water and sanitation for your community. In the event of a large‐scale natural disaster or intentional disruption in water services, large portions of a city, county, or state could be without drinking water and/or wastewater service for days. It has been estimated that 237,600 water main breaks occur annually in the United States. Although drinking water and wastewater utilities continue to identify solutions to prevent service interruptions, community stakeholders also must be better prepared to recover when systems are affected. The US Environmental Protection Agency's Community‐Based Water Resiliency electronic tool provides utilities and community stakeholders with resources and a path toward resiliency.
Toward an Understanding of Aggregate Death Penalty Opinion Change: A Possible Role for Popular Music
Authors: Bohm Robert M. , Surette Ray
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between popular music; specifically, death penalty songs, and aggregate death penalty opinion change utilizing an exploratory time series analysis. An assumption of this study is that the public is made conscious of the death penalty as a salient issue through the popular media, e.g., newspaper stories, magazine articles, movies, television programs, and music. Results of this study support the hypotheses that public consciousness about the death penalty as well as changes in aggregate death penalty opinion are associated with the content of popular media in the form of death penalty songs. As the number of death penalty songs increases in a year, death penalty support decreases two years later.
Suicide et alimentation : approche biopsychosociale
Authors: Desseilles François , Mikolajczak Gladys , Desseilles Martin
Published: April 2013

Cet article propose un éclairage biopsychosocial des liens entre la santé mentale, plus particulièrement le suicide, et l’alimentation. Premièrement, nous développons les liens entre l’alimentation, son rôle social et le suicide. L’acte alimentaire est étudié en tant qu’intégrateur et régulateur social, à la lumière de la théorisation de Durkheim. L’alimentation est également envisagée comme autodestruction, avec le cas particulier du « suicide alimentaire ». La déstructuration des repas et les aliments aliénants sont identifiés comme facteurs contribuant à la déstructuration des « modèles alimentaires ». Ensuite, nous évoquons la place de l’alimentation dans la psychopathologie et enfin, les liens entre les paramètres biologiques reflétant l’alimentation et le risque de suicide. Des pistes de recherche et d’intervention découlant de l’approche biopsychosociale proposée dans cet article sont également proposées.
L’apport de la recherche en psychologie dans la compréhension complexe de l’étiologie du suicide
Authors: Séguin Monique , Di Mambro Mélanie , Desgranges Annie
Published: April 2013

Si la présence de certains facteurs augmente le risque de conduites suicidaires, la question est de savoir quel peut être le poids différentiel des divers facteurs de risque, pour quels individus, dans quel contexte et à quelle période de leur vie ? Nous avons mis à l’épreuve l’expérimentation d’un modèle expliquant différentes trajectoires de vie qui mènent au suicide. Cette étude permet de dépasser un modèle corrélationnel d’identification de facteurs de risque et de cibler quatre sous-groupes distincts d’individus dont la trajectoire développementale semble bien différente. Il est clair que le suicide est un problème complexe, multidimensionnel, multiniveau. La psychologie, au carrefour de plusieurs disciplines scientifiques, peut intégrer et faire le lien avec d’autres disciplines afin de clarifier les contextes de vie qui affectent différemment les personnes suicidaires, permettant ainsi de mettre en oeuvre des interventions préventives susceptibles d’agir dans cette chaîne causale dont l’issue ultime est le suicide.
Le suicide de la personne âgée : existe-t-il des spécificités liées à l’âge ?
Authors: Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Jollant Fabrice
Published: April 2013

Le suicide de la personne âgée pose la question de notre relation à la vieillesse et à la mort. Significativement lié à la dépression, il est relativement élevé dans cette tranche d’âge. Les conduites suicidaires de la personne âgée présentent des particularités cliniques : une intentionnalité et une létalité suicidaire élevées, peu d’antécédents personnels de conduites suicidaires et un faible niveau d’impulsivité et d’agressivité. La vulnérabilité suicidaire pourrait reposer sur des mécanismes étiopathogéniques à la fois communs et différents selon l’âge. Par exemple, il y aurait une prépondérance des facteurs développementaux précoces marqués par de l’impulsivité et de l’agressivité chez l’adolescent et le jeune adulte ; chez l’adulte âgé, il y aurait un vieillissement pathologique. Des déficits neurocognitifs similaires conduisent le sujet à ne pas pouvoir répondre adéquatement à son environnement, différent selon l’âge. La comparaison directe des sujets jeunes et âgés est nécessaire pour comprendre la genèse de la vulnérabilité suicidaire. Nous conclurons cet article avec un résumé des principes de reconnaissance et de prise en charge du risque suicidaire.
Les interventions infirmières estimées bénéfiques par les adolescents à risque de suicide
Authors: Pugnaire Gros Catherine , Jarvis Sacha , Mulvogue Tamsin , Wright David
Published: April 2013

Cette recherche identifie les interventions infirmières bénéfiques selon la perspective des adolescents à risque pour suicide. Quoique les infirmières du milieu hospitalier aient un niveau de contact direct, élevé et continu auprès du patient, il n’existe aucune recherche sur les interventions thérapeutiques offertes par ces dernières. Cette étude qualitative a pour but d’avancer nos connaissances quant au rôle de l’infirmière dans le rétablissement des adolescents suicidaires lors une hospitalisation psychiatrique. Neuf patients, de 15 à 18 ans, ont participé à des entrevues individuelles semi-structurées. Les résultats réaffirment la valeur thérapeutique d’un accompagnement personnalisé offert lors d’une relation d’aide collaborative et orientée vers les forces et potentiels du jeune et sa famille. Selon les répondants, les interventions bénéfiques sont réalisées pendant des expériences de vie ordinaires (tels que les événements de tous les jours) ainsi que pendant les périodes de crise ou de souffrance La création d’un milieu thérapeutique est soulignée de même que son impact sur la santé et rétablissement du jeune.
Os desafios da política de educação no século XXI
Authors: Rodrigues Maria de Lurdes
Published: April 2013

-
Inserção profissional e razões de ingresso e reingresso no ensino superior: um ponto de partida para uma temática em aberto
Authors: Alves Mariana Gaio , Alves Natália , Chaves Miguel
Published: April 2013

O artigo organiza-se em torno de uma questão central: no cenário atual, em que os processos de inserção profissional de diplomados de ensino superior são cada vez mais complexos e incertos, em que medida as escolhas dos diplomados ao longo da sua trajetória académica são influenciadas por razões e considerações ligadas à sua (futura) atividade profissional? Na primeira parte, esta interrogação é fundamentada e explicitada tendo em conta os desafios que hoje se colocam ao ensino superior, enquanto na segunda parte se apresentam dados empíricos provenientes de uma sistematização de vários estudos sobre inserção profissional de diplomados de ensino superior realizados entre 2000 e 2010.
Padrões de casais binacionais em cinco países europeus
Authors: Gaspar Sofia
Published: April 2013

Ao longo dos últimos anos, os casais binacionais europeus aumentaram como consequência das políticas de mobilidade promovidas pela União Europeia. O objetivo deste artigo é desenvolver uma análise anteriormente efetuada a casais binacionais em Espanha e Itália (Gaspar, 2011) a outros três países da UE — França, Grã-Bretanha e Alemanha. Os resultados obtidos revelam a presença de uma tipologia tripartida de casais binacionais, apenas corroborando parcialmente os padrões encontrados previamente. À luz destes dados, o artigo explora como esta tipologia deverá ser contextualizada dentro de fluxos migratórios mais amplos em cada um destes países.
Recensão: Escola e Eestudantes da Europa [Susana da Cruz Martins, 2012, Lisboa, Editora Mundos Sociais]
Authors: Simão José Veiga
Published: April 2013

-
The evolution of drug trafficking and organized crime in Latin America
Authors: Bagley Bruce
Published: April 2013

This article analyses the evolution of illegal drug economy in the Americas over the past two decades. It identifies eight key trends that have characterized illicit drug trafficking and organized crime as of mid-2011. They are: (1) The increasing globalization of drug consumption; (2) The limited victories and unintended consequences of the U. S. -led ‘War on Drugs’; (3) The proliferation of cultivation areas and of drug smuggling routes; (4) The dispersion and fragmentation of organized criminal groups; (5) The failure of political reform and state-building efforts; (6) The inadequacies U. S. domestic drug and crime control policies; (7) The ineffectiveness of regional and international drug control policies; (8) The growing support for legalization debate.
Knowledge workers in a traditional sector: the case of clothes designers
Authors: Paulos Margarida Ramires , Moniz António Brandão
Published: April 2013

The restructuring of work in the industrial sector brought about by the development of the “knowledge society” has led important changes in organisations and their workers. The transforming industry is one of the main sectors that have undergone abrupt changes in the last few years. The clothing subsector was one of the first to use different forms of flexibility in order to remain competitive. This article analyses this change process and its effects on the industry's “knowledge professions”, particularly in terms of its application to the professional group “clothes designers”. In order to understand the impact that the restructuring of their work has had on this group, the authors analyse the changes that have taken place in their working conditions, qualifications and skills, use of knowledge, professional identity and career trajectories.
AGU Journals Are Compliant With Research Councils UK Open Access Policies
Authors: Hanson Brooks
Published: April 2013

The Research Councils UK (RCUK) has mandated that after 1 April 2013, papers with RCUK funding be submitted to journals that are compliant with its open‐access policy. This policy requires “immediate and unrestricted access to the final published version of papers” and use of the Creative Commons Attribution License (known as CC‐BY). Copyright remains with the authors.
Changes in maternal secretory immunoglobulin a levels in human milk during 12 weeks after parturition
Authors: Kawano Atsuko , Emori Yoko
Published: April 2013

Background

Immune factors in human milk change in concentration after delivery. However, this concentration change during the early postpartum period has not yet been investigated in detail.

Methods

We measured Secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in the human milk of 91 postpartum mothers (after vaginal delivery) by using an enzyme immunoassay, in postpartum day 3, and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12.

Results

The SIgA concentration gradually declined over the 12‐week period, with the highest level recorded in day 3. At week 4, the SIgA levels decreased to half the initial levels. Although the difference in concentration from one week to the next was remarkable, the decrease in concentration was rapid in the first 4 weeks but gradual from week 4 to week 12.

Conclusions

The SIgA levels gradually decreased up to week 12. However, the concentration of SIgA in breast milk did not change constantly. It changed relatively rapid until 4 weeks after childbirth, and because the concentration from the third day to the eighth week became 50%, it was understood that the change was temporal. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:399–403, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in African American and Nigerian women
Authors: Durazo‐Arvizu Ramon A. , Aloia John F. , Dugas Lara R. , Tayo Bamidele O. , Shoham David A. , Bertino Anne‐Marie , Yeh James K. , Cooper Richard S. , Luke Amy
Published: April 2013

Objectives

African Americans (AA) have substantially lower levels of circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) than whites. We compared population‐based samples of 25(OH)D in women of African descent from Nigeria and metropolitan Chicago.

Methods

One hundred women of Yoruba ethnicity from southwest Nigeria and 94 African American women from metropolitan Chicago were recruited and compared using a standardized survey protocol and the same laboratory assay for 25(OH)D.

Results

Mean 25(OH)D levels were 64 nmol/l among the Nigerians and 29 nmol/l among the AA. Only 10% of the values were shared in common between the groups, and 76% of the Nigerians were above the currently defined threshold for adequate circulating 25(OH)D compared to 5% of the AA. Modest associations were seen between 25(OH)D and measures of obesity, although adjustment for these traits did not materially affect the group differences.

Conclusion

These data support the presumption that skin color is an adaptive trait which has evolved in part to regulate 25(OH)D. It remains undetermined, however, whether lower values observed in AA have negative health consequences. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:560–562, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low Myo‐inositol indicating astrocytic damage in a case series of neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Ciccarelli Olga , Thomas David L. , De Vita Enrico , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. , Kachramanoglou Carolina , Kapoor Raj , Leary Siobhan , Matthews Lucy , Palace Jacqueline , Chard Declan , Miller David H. , Toosy Ahmed T. , Thompson Alan J.
Published: April 2013

Astrocytic necrosis is a prominent pathological feature of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) lesions and is clinically relevant. We report 5 NMO‐related cases, all with longitudinally extensive lesions in the upper cervical cord, who underwent cervical cord 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lower myo‐inositol/creatine values, suggesting astrocytic damage, were consistently found within the NMO lesions when compared with healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), who showed at least 1 demyelinating lesion at the same cord level. Therefore, the in vivo quantification of myo‐inositol may distinguish NMO from MS. This is an important step toward developing imaging markers for clinical trials in NMO. Ann Neurol 2013;74:301–305
H∞ control for discrete‐time Markovian jump systems with partial information on transition probabilities
Authors: Zhang Yan , He Yong , Wu Min , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2013

This paper focuses on mode‐dependent H∞ state‐feedback control for a class of discrete‐time Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with partial information on transition probabilities (TPs). The augmented free‐connection weighting matrices are introduced by considering the influence of partial information of TPs on discrete‐time MJSs and the disturbance input on the state vector. As a result, the less conservative stability criterion and bounded real lemma (BRL) of MJSs with partly unknown TPs are obtained. Then the sufficient conditions for designing the mode‐dependent H∞ controllers are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and the merits of the proposed method.
Hygrothermische Gebäudesimulation mit Multizonen‐Gebäudedurchströmungsmodell
Authors: Pazold Matthias , Antretter Florian
Published: April 2013

Mit hygrothermischer Gebäudesimulation lässt sich der Feuchte‐ und Wärmetransport in einem Gebäude und über dessen Bauteile detailliert berechnen. Der natürliche oder mechanisch angetriebene Luftwechsel mit dem Außenklima sowie der Luftwechsel zwischen definierten Zonen innerhalb des Gebäudes tragen erheblich zu einem energetisch sinnvollen und behaglichen Raumklima bei. Es ist bei der Erstellung des Gebäudemodells möglich, den Luftwechsel je Zeitschritt vorzugeben. Jedoch ist dieser in Realität vom vorherrschenden Raumklima abhängig. Wird die hygrothermische Gebäudesimulation mit einem Mehrzonen‐Gebäudedurchströmungsmodell gekoppelt, so werden das Innenklima und der Luftwechsel je Zeitschritt, gegenseitig beeinflussend, simuliert. Dieser Beitrag erzielt einen Einblick in das Berechnungsverfahren des Durchströmungsmodells und dessen Kopplung mit dem hygrothermischen Gebäudemodell. Ferner ist ein Beispiel der erweiterten Simulation mit Infiltration und interzonalem Luftaustausch, auch im Vergleich zum fest definierten eingegeben Luftwechsel, enthalten.

Hygrothermal building simulation coupled with multizone air flow model. With hygrothermal whole building software it is possible to calculate heat and moisture transport within a building and its components. The natural or mechanical driven air exchange between indoor and outdoor climate as well as airflow between defined building zones are significant contributors to an energetically and comfortable indoor environment. At the design of the building model it is possible to set the ventilation per time step. However, the ventilation depends on the indoor climate. The hygrothermal whole building software coupled with a multizone building airflow model can simulate the indoor climate and the natural and interzonal air exchange influencing each other. This paper gives an insight into the airflow model and its implementation and shows some results of an example simulation.
A Method for Flexible Heat Exchanger Network Design under Severe Operation Uncertainty
Authors: Zheng K. , Lou H. H. , Wang J. , Cheng F.
Published: April 2013

Most investigations on heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis which plays an important role in improving the efficiency of industrial plants, focus on deterministic conditions whereas operational flexibility and feasibility are less concerned. In the real industrial world, each system experiences various disturbances due to changes in stream temperature, flow rate, and other uncertain factors. An approach for flexible HEN synthesis under severe operation uncertainty is proposed, which is represented by the Probability bounds analysis (PBA) theory and is sampled by a double‐loop sampling method. A case study, which generates a better solution with less total annual cost and good flexibility under severe uncertainty, demonstrates the capability of this simplified approach.
Probing Spatial Distribution of Alignment by Deuterium NMR Imaging
Authors: Trigo‐Mouriño Pablo , Merle Christian , Koos Martin R. M. , Luy Burkhard , Gil Roberto R.
Published: April 2013

Deuterium NMR imaging was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the degree of alignment in different types of alignment media by monitoring the deuterium quadrupolar splitting using spatially resolved NMR techniques in conventional liquid state NMR instruments. These images allow the unambiguous distinction of magnetic field and alignment inhomogeneities present in partially aligned samples, revealing the underlying reasons for linebroadening within an alignment medium that cannot be explained by the sole analysis of 1D 2H NMR spectra. For example, alignment inhomogeneities due to broken gels or the presence of concentration gradients in liquid crystalline solutions are clearly detected by the imaging methods proposed in this work.