bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of Insulin Requirements Over 12 Weeks of Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ruan Yue , Thabit Hood , Leelarathna Lalantha , Hartnell Sara , Willinska Malgorzata E. , Dellweg Sibylle , Benesch Carsten , Mader Julia K. , Holzer Manuel , Kojzar Harald , Evans Mark L. , Pieber Thomas R. , Arnolds Sabine , Hovorka Roman
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

To quantify variability of insulin requirements during closed-loop insulin delivery.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed overnight, daytime, and total daily insulin amounts delivered during a multicenter closed-loop trial involving 32 adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants applied hybrid day-and-night closed-loop insulin delivery under free-living home conditions over 12 weeks. The coefficient of variation was adopted to measure variability of insulin requirements in individual subjects.

RESULTS

Data were analyzed from 1,918 nights, 1,883 daytime periods and 1,564 total days characterized by closed-loop use over 85% of time. Variability of overnight insulin requirements (mean [SD] coefficient of variation 31% [4]) was nearly twice as high as variability of total daily requirements (17% [3], P < 0.001) and was also higher than variability of daytime insulin requirements (22% [4], P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Overnight insulin requirements were significantly more variable than daytime and total daily amounts. This may explain why some people with type 1 diabetes report frustrating variability in morning glycemia.
Impact of a Large-Scale Science Intervention Focused on English Language Learners
Authors: Llosa Lorena , Lee Okhee , Jiang Feng , Haas Alison , O’Connor Corey , Van Booven Christopher D. , Kieffer Michael J.
Published: March 2016

The authors evaluated the effects of P-SELL, a science curricular and professional development intervention for fifth-grade students with a focus on English language learners (ELLs). Using a randomized controlled trial design with 33 treatment and 33 control schools across three school districts in one state, we found significant and meaningfully sized intervention effects on a researcher-developed science assessment and the state science assessment. Subgroup analyses revealed that the P-SELL intervention had a positive and significant effect for each language proficiency group (ELLs, recently reclassified ELLs, former ELLs, and non-ELLs) on the researcher-developed assessment. The intervention also had a positive effect for former ELLs and non-ELLs on the state science assessment, but for ELLs and recently reclassified ELLs, the effect was not statistically significant.
Life in History: Context Matters
Authors: Miller J.R.
Published: March 2016

As is well known, historians' surroundings often influence their scholarly work. The “Life in History” examined in these pages illustrates this point clearly as family, place, colleagues, occupational activities, and contemporary political trends shaped my decisions about higher education and scholarly work.
The Impact of a Group Communication Course on Veterinary Medical Students' Perceptions of Communication Competence and Communication Apprehension
Authors: Kedrowicz April A.
Published: March 2016

This paper explores the impact of a group communication course on veterinary medical students' perceptions of communication competence and communication anxiety. Students enrolled in the Group Communication in Veterinary Medicine course completed the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension and the Communicative Competence Scale at the beginning (Time 1) and end (Time 2) of the semester. Results show that first-year veterinary students' self-perceptions of communication competence increased and their self-reported levels of communication apprehension decreased across multiple contexts from Time 1 to Time 2. This research provides support for experiential communication training fostering skill development and confidence.
Racial disparities in the diagnosis and management of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Reinard Kevin , Nerenz David R. , Basheer Azam , Tahir Rizwan , Jelsema Timothy , Schultz Lonni , Malik Ghaus , Air Ellen L. , Schwalb Jason M.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

A number of studies have documented inequalities in care and outcomes for a variety of clinical conditions. The authors sought to identify racial and socioeconomic disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), as well as the potential underlying reasons for those disparities, which could serve as areas of focus for future quality improvement initiatives.

METHODS

The medical records of patients with an ICD-9 code of 350.1, signifying a diagnosis of TN, at the Henry Ford Medical Group (HFMG) in the period from 2006 to 2012 were searched, and clinical and socioeconomic data were retrospectively reviewed. Analyses were conducted to assess potential racial differences in subspecialty referral patterns and the specific type of treatment modality undertaken for patients with TN.

RESULTS

The authors identified 652 patients eligible for analysis. Compared with white patients, black patients were less likely to undergo percutaneous ablative procedures, stereotactic radiosurgery, or microvascular decompression (p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in the likelihood of blacks and whites undergoing a procedure once they had seen a neurosurgeon (67% vs 70%, respectively; p = 0.712). Blacks and whites were equally likely to be seen by a neurologist or neurosurgeon if they were initially seen in either the emergency room (38% vs 37%, p = 0.879) or internal medicine (48% vs 50%, p = 0.806). Among patients diagnosed (268 patients) after the 2008 publication of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the American Academy of Neurology guidelines for medical therapy for TN, fewer than 50% were on medications sanctioned by the guidelines, and there were no statistically significant racial disparities between white and black patients (p = 0.060).

CONCLUSIONS

According to data from a large database from one of the nation's largest comprehensive health care systems, there were significant racial disparities in the likelihood of a patient undergoing a procedure for TN. This appeared to stem from outside HFMG from a difference in referral patterns to the neurologists and neurosurgeons.
Congenital scoliosis treated with posterior vertebral column resection in patients younger than 18 years: longer than 10-year follow-up
Authors: Chang Dong-Gune , Yang Jae Hyuk , Lee Jung-Hee , Kim Jin-Hyok , Suh Seung-Woo , Ha Kee-Yong , Suk Se-Il
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

There have been no reports on the long-term radiographic outcomes of posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) in patients with congenital scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications after PVCR and its long-term effects on correcting this deformity in children with congenital scoliosis.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 45 patients with congenital scoliosis who were younger than 18 years at the time of surgery and who underwent PVCR and fusion with pedicle screw fixation (PSF). The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 11.3 years (range 2.4–18.0 years), and the mean length of follow-up was 12.8 years (range 10.1–18.2 years).

RESULTS

The mean Cobb angle of the main curve was 46.5° before PVCR, 13.7° immediately after PVCR, and 17.6° at the last follow-up. For the compensatory cranial curve, PVCR corrected the preoperative Cobb angle of 21.2° to 9.1° postoperatively and maintained it at 10.9° at the last follow-up. For the compensatory caudal curve, the preoperative Cobb angle of 23.8° improved to 7.7° postoperatively and was 9.8° at the last follow-up. The authors noted 22 complications, and the overall incidence of complications was 48.9%.

CONCLUSIONS

Posterior vertebral column resection is an effective procedure for managing congenital scoliosis in patients younger than 18 years. Use of PVCR and fusion with PSF for congenital scoliosis achieved rigid fixation and satisfactory deformity correction that was maintained over the long term. However, the authors note that PVCR is a technically demanding procedure and entails risks for major complications and excessive blood loss.
Risk of adjacent-segment disease requiring surgery after short lumbar fusion: results of the French Spine Surgery Society Series
Authors: Scemama Caroline , Magrino Baptiste , Gillet Philippe , Guigui Pierre
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

Adjacent-segment disease (ASD) is an increasingly problematic complication following lumbar fusion surgery. The purpose of the current study was to determine the risk of ASD requiring surgical treatment after short lumbar or lumbosacral fusion. Primary spinal disease and surgical factors associated with an increased risk of revision were also investigated.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study using the French Spine Surgery Society clinical data that included 3338 patients, with an average follow-up duration of 7 years (range 4–10 years). Clinical ASD requiring surgery was the principal judgment criterion; the length of follow-up time and initial spinal disease were also recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. The correlation between primary spinal disease and surgery with an increased risk of revision was investigated.

RESULTS

During the follow-up period, 186 patients required revision surgery for ASD (5.6%). The predicted risk of ASD requiring revision surgery was 1.7% (95% CI 1.3%–2.2%) at 2 years, 3.8% (95% CI 4.9%–6.7%) at 4 years, 5.7% (95% CI 4.9%–6.7%) at 6 years, and 9% (95% CI 8.7%–10.6%) at 8 years. Initial spinal disease affected the risk of ASD requiring surgery (p = 0.0003). The highest risk was observed for degenerative spondylolisthesis.

CONCLUSIONS

ASD requiring revision surgery was predicted in 5.6% of patients 7 years after index short lumbar spinal fusion in the French Spine Surgery Society retrospective series. An increased risk of ASD requiring revision surgery associated with initial spinal disease showed the significance of the influence of natural degenerative history on adjacent-segment pathology.
Incidence and predictors of dural venous sinus pressure gradient in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and non-idiopathic intracranial hypertension headache patients: results from 164 cerebral venograms
Authors: Levitt Michael R. , Hlubek Randall J. , Moon Karam , Kalani M. Yashar S. , Nakaji Peter , Smith Kris A. , Little Andrew S. , Knievel Kerry , Chan Jane W. , McDougall Cameron G. , Albuquerque Felipe C.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

Cerebral venous pressure gradient (CVPG) from dural venous sinus stenosis is implicated in headache syndromes such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The incidence of CVPG in headache patients has not been reported.

METHODS

The authors reviewed all cerebral venograms with manometry performed for headache between January 2008 and May 2015. Patient demographics, headache etiology, intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements, and radiographic and manometric results were recorded. CVPG was defined as a difference ≥ 8 mm Hg by venographic manometry.

RESULTS

One hundred sixty-four venograms were performed in 155 patients. There were no procedural complications. Ninety-six procedures (58.5%) were for patients with IIH. The overall incidence of CVPG was 25.6% (42 of 164 procedures): 35.4% (34 of 96 procedures) in IIH patients and 11.8% (8 of 68 procedures) in non-IIH patients. Sixty procedures (36.6%) were performed in patients with preexisting shunts. Seventy-seven patients (49.7%) had procedures preceded by an ICP measurement within 4 weeks of venography, and in 66 (85.7%) of these patients, the ICP had been found to be elevated. CVPG was seen in 8.3% (n = 5) of the procedures in the 60 patients with a preexisting shunt and in 0% (n = 0) of the 11 procedures in the 77 patients with normal ICP (p < 0.001 for both). Noninvasive imaging (MR venography, CT venography) was assessed prior to venography in 112 (68.3%) of 164 cases, and dural venous sinus abnormalities were demonstrated in 73 (65.2%) of these cases; there was a trend toward CVPG (p = 0.07). Multivariate analysis demonstrated an increased likelihood of CVPG in patients with IIH (OR 4.97, 95% CI 1.71–14.47) and a decreased likelihood in patients with a preexisting shunt (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.44).

CONCLUSIONS

CVPG is uncommon in IIH patients, rare in those with preexisting shunts, and absent in those with normal ICP.
Factors associated with improvement in sagittal spinal alignment after microendoscopic laminotomy in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis
Authors: Dohzono Sho , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Takahashi Shinji , Matsumoto Tomiya , Suzuki Akinobu , Terai Hidetomi , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE

Little is known about the relationship between sagittal spinal alignment in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) and objective findings such as spinopelvic parameters, lumbar back muscle degeneration, and clinical data. The purpose of this study was to identify the preoperative clinical and radiological factors that predict improvement in sagittal spinal alignment after decompressive surgery in patients with LSS.

METHODS

The records of 61 patients with LSS who underwent microendoscopic laminotomy and had pre- and postoperative clinical data collected were retrospectively reviewed. Spinopelvic parameters, including sagittal vertical axis (SVA), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence (PI), were evaluated. On T2-weighted MRI, the cross-sectional area and the percentage of fat infiltration of the paravertebral muscles (PVMs) before surgery were calculated. For patients with preoperative SVA > 40 mm (n = 30), the correlation between SVA improvement and preoperative clinical and radiographic parameters was calculated.

RESULTS

SVA improvement correlated with preoperative LL (r = −0.39) and PI –LL (r = 0.54). Multiple regression analysis showed that preoperative PI –LL (beta = 0.62; p < 0.01) and symptom duration (beta = −0.40; p < 0.05) were independently associated with SVA improvement. The percentage of fat infiltration of the PVM at L4–5 was significantly greater in patients with preoperative SVA ≥ 40 mm than in those patients with SVA < 40 mm.

CONCLUSIONS

Preoperative PI –LL and symptom duration were independently associated with SVA improvement in LSS patients with forward-bending posture. PVM degeneration at the lower lumbar level was significantly greater among patients with preoperative SVA ≥ 40 mm than in patients with SVA < 40 mm.
Registration of Five Pima Cotton Germplasm Lines (Pima SJ‐FR05–Pima SJ‐FR09) with Improved Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 4 and Good Lint Yield and Fiber Quality
Authors: Ulloa Mauricio , Hutmacher Robert B. , Percy Richard , Wright Steven D. , Burke John
Published: March 2016

Five pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) cotton germplasm lines—Pima SJ‐FR05 (Reg. No. GP‐1000, PI 675557), Pima SJ‐FR06 (Reg. No. GP‐1001, PI 675558), Pima SJ‐FR07 (Reg. No. GP‐1002, PI 675559), Pima SJ‐FR08 (Reg. No. GP‐1003, PI 675560), and Pima SJ‐FR09 (Reg. No. GP‐1004, PI 675561)— were developed by the USDA‐ARS and jointly released with the University of California in 2015. The primary purpose for these releases is to provide germplasm with good levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) race 4, to cotton breeders. The Pima SJ‐FR05–SJ‐FR09 series originated from the cross of ‘Pima S‐6’ and germplasm line 89590 in 1999 at the USDA‐ARS in Maricopa, AZ. Pima S‐6 possesses a major gene(s) for FOV race 4 resistance. Initially, the Pima SJ‐FR05–SJ‐FR09 lines were developed from the F2 to F6 from a single seed‐plant descendant. In 2006, a recurrent selection was applied for each line in fields infested with FOV race 4 at two locations in California. In subsequent field and greenhouse tests, the Pima SJ‐FR05–SJ‐FR09 lines showed good resistance to FOV race 4 and good lint yield and fiber quality when compared to ‘Phytogen 800’, the San Joaquin Valley pima cotton standard. The Pima SJ‐FR05–SJ‐FR09 series will broaden the genetic base of resistance, which is critical to the success and future of the pima cotton industry.
Agmon estimates for the difference of exact and approximate Dirichlet eigenfunctions for difference operators
Authors: Klein Markus , Rosenberger Elke
Published: March 2016

We analyze a general class of difference operators [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a multi-well potential and ε is a small parameter. We construct approximate eigenfunctions in neighbourhoods of the different wells and give weighted [Formula: see text]-estimates for the difference of these and the exact eigenfunctions of the associated Dirichlet-operators.
Asymptotically free property of the solutions of an abstract linear hyperbolic equation with time-dependent coefficients
Authors: Yamazaki Taeko
Published: March 2016

This paper is concerned with an abstract dissipative hyperbolic equation with time-dependent coefficient. Under an assumption which ensures that the energy does not decay, this paper provides a condition on the coefficient, which is necessary and sufficient so that the solutions tend to the solutions of the free wave equation.
Safety of community-based minor surgery performed by GPs: an audit in different settings
Authors: Botting Jonathan , Correa Ana , Duffy James , Jones Simon , de Lusignan Simon
Published: March 2016

Background

Minor surgery is a well-established part of family practice, but its safety and cost-effectiveness have been called into question.

Aim

To audit the performance of GP minor surgeons in three different settings.

Design and setting

A community-based surgery audit of GP minor surgery cases and outcomes from three settings: GPs who carried out minor surgery in their practice funded as enhanced (primary care) services (ESGPs); GPs with a special interest (GPwSIs) who worked independently within a healthcare organisation; and GPs working under acute trust governance (Model 2 GPs).

Method

An audit form was completed by volunteer GP minor surgeons. Data were collected about areas of interest and aggregated data tables produced. Percentages were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and significant differences across the three groups of GPs tested using the χ2test.

Results

A total of 6138 procedures were conducted, with 41% (2498; 95% CI = 39.5 to 41.9) of GP minor surgery procedures being on the head/face. Nearly all of the samples from a procedure that were expected to be sent to histology were sent (5344; 88.8%; 95% CI = 88.0 to 89.6). Malignant diagnosis was correct in 69% (33; 95% CI = 54.2 to 79.2) of cases for ESGPs, 93% (293; 95% CI = 90.1 to 95.5) for GPwSIs, and 91% (282; 95% CI = 87.2 to 93.6) for Model 2 GPs. Incomplete excision was significantly more frequent for ESGPs (17%; 9; 95% CI = 7.5 to 28.3,P<0.001). Complication rates were very low across all practitioners.

Conclusion

GP minor surgery is safe and prompt. GPs working within a managed framework performed better. Consideration needs to be given on how better to support less well-supervised GPs.
Autologous Transplantation of Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Sheep Fetuses
Authors: Shaw S. W. Steven , Bollini Sveva , Nader Khalil Abi , Gastaldello Annalisa , Mehta Vedanta , Filppi Elisa , Cananzi Mara , Gaspar H. Bobby , Qasim Waseem , De Coppi Paolo , David Anna L.
Published: March 2016

Long-term engraftment and phenotype correction has been difficult to achieve in humans after in utero stem cell transplantation mainly because of allogeneic rejection. Autologous cells could be obtained during gestation from the amniotic fluid with minimal risk for the fetus and the mother. Using a sheep model, we explored the possibility of using amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) for autologous in utero stem cell/gene therapy. We collected amniotic fluid (AF) under ultrasound-guided amniocentesis in early gestation pregnant sheep ( n = 9, 58 days of gestation, term = 145 days). AFMSCs were isolated and expanded in all sampled fetal sheep. Those cells were transduced using an HIV vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) with 63.2% (range 38.3–96.2%) transduction efficiency rate. After expansion, transduced AFMSCs were injected into the peritoneal cavity of each donor fetal sheep at 76 days under ultrasound guidance. One ewe miscarried twin fetuses after amniocentesis. Intraperitoneal injection was successful in the remaining 7 fetal sheep giving a 78% survival for the full procedure. Tissues were sampled at postmortem examination 2 weeks later. PCR analysis detected GFP-positive cells in fetal tissues including liver, heart, placenta, membrane, umbilical cord, adrenal gland, and muscle. GFP protein was detected in these tissues by Western blotting and further confirmed by cytofluorimetric and immunofluorescence analyses. This is the first demonstration of autologous stem cell transplantation in the fetus using AFMSCs. Autologous cells derived from AF showed widespread organ migration and could offer an alternative way to ameliorate prenatal congenital disease.
Genome‐Wide Association Study for Nine Plant Architecture Traits in Sorghum
Authors: Zhao Jing , Mantilla Perez Maria B. , Hu Jieyun , Salas Fernandez Maria G.
Published: March 2016

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench], an important grain and forage crop, is receiving significant attention as a lignocellulosic feedstock because of its water‐use efficiency and high biomass yield potential. Because of the advancement of genotyping and sequencing technologies, genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has become a routinely used method to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying natural phenotypic variation. In this study, we performed a GWAS for nine grain and biomass‐related plant architecture traits to determine their overall genetic architecture and the specific association of allelic variants in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling genes with these phenotypes. A total of 101 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) representative regions were associated with at least one of the nine traits, and two of the significant markers correspond to GA candidate genes, GA2ox5 (Sb09 g028360) and KS3 (Sb06 g028210), affecting plant height and seed number, respectively. The resolution of a previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf angle on chromosome 7 was increased to a 1.67 Mb region containing seven candidate genes with good prospects for further investigation. This study provides new knowledge of the association of GA genes with plant architecture traits and the genomic regions controlling variation in leaf angle, stem circumference, internode number, tiller number, seed number, panicle exsertion, and panicle length. The GA gene affecting seed number variation (KS3, Sb06 g028210) and the genomic region on chromosome 7 associated with variation in leaf angle are also important outcomes of this study and represent the foundation of future validation studies needed to apply this knowledge in breeding programs.
Software for Genome‐Wide Association Studies in Autopolyploids and Its Application to Potato
Authors: Rosyara Umesh R. , De Jong Walter S. , Douches David S. , Endelman Jeffrey B.
Published: March 2016

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are widely used in diploid species to study complex traits in diversity and breeding populations, but GWAS software tailored to autopolyploids is lacking. The objectives of this research were to (i) develop an R package for autopolyploids based on the Q + K mixed model, (ii) validate the software with simulated data, and (iii) analyze a diversity panel of tetraploid potatoes. A unique feature of the R package, called GWASpoly, is its ability to model different types of polyploid gene action, including additive, simplex dominant, and duplex dominant. Using a simulated tetraploid population, we confirmed our hypothesis that statistical power is higher when the assumed gene action in the GWAS model matches the gene action at unobserved quantitative trait loci (QTL). Thirteen traits were analyzed in the Solanaceae Coordinated Agricultural Project (SolCAP) potato diversity panel and, consistent with previous studies, significant QTL for tuber shape and eye depth co‐localized on chromosome 10. For the other traits, only marginally significant QTL were detected, most likely due to insufficient statistical power: for simulated traits with a heritability (h2) of 0.3, the median genome‐wide power was only 0.01. Our results indicate that both marker density and population size were limiting factors for GWAS with the SolCAP panel.
Community organizing : une méthode « résolument américaine » ?
Authors: Roux Adrien
Published: March 2016

Le community organizing  est une méthode étiquetée anglo-saxonne. Pour la définir indépendamment du contexte social et culturel dans lequel elle s’est appliquée, l’auteur propose d’en faire la généalogie et de montrer qu’elle est le fruit d’un mariage improbable entre la sociologie urbaine et le syndicalisme : la compréhension fine des relations sociales d’une part et l’utilisation de tactiques de pression du type de celles des syndicats face à l’employeur pour obtenir des compromis d’autre part. Une fois cette double dimension comprise et intégrée, les réflexions sur l’importation de ces méthodes pour irriguer le mouvement social européen prennent une nouvelle perspective.
Reconquérir la jeunesse des cités ?
Authors: Hadj Belgacem Samir
Published: March 2016

Les démarches participatives à destination des jeunes comme les conseils de jeunes offrent des outils pour la socialisation civique autour de l’accès aux droits et d’une sensibilisation au fonctionnement des assemblées municipales. Cependant, ces dispositifs marqués du sceau de l’éducation populaire répondent aussi à des objectifs politiques et partisans et soumettent leurs participant.es à de vives tensions. L’étude de la mise en place du CLJ au Blanc-Mesnil révèle les difficultés des élu.es de la majorité municipale communiste à accepter les velléités d’autonomie et le discours critique de jeunes de cités. Cette expérience conflictuelle contribue in fine à renforcer ses participant.es dans leur défiance vis-à-vis des institutions politiques et des élu.es.
Construire le contre-pouvoir
Authors: Jouffe Yves , Balazard Hélène , Bourdeau Vincent , Jouffe Yves
Published: March 2016

De 1970 jusqu’à la fin des années 2000, Wade Rathke a dirigé ACORN ( Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now ), la plus importante fédération de community organizing des États-Unis. Cette organisation comptait près de 500 000 membres issus de plus d’un millier de quartiers déshérités. Elle a été un important vecteur de changement social dans les domaines du logement social, de la régulation des activités bancaires ou de l’augmentation du salaire minimum. Wade Rathke a développé un modèle original de contre-pouvoir, en organisant les habitant.es des quartiers pauvres et non pas leurs organisations existantes comme le faisait Saul Alinsky. ACORN a su s’étendre en une fédération états-unienne qui mettait au service de chaque groupe local des organisateur.rices professionnel.les. Si celle-ci s’est fragmentée en 2010, ACORN International rassemble maintenant autant d’adhérent.es dans une trentaine de pays.
À propos du livre On bosse ici, on reste ici ! La grève des sans-papiers : une aventure inédite
Authors: Grégory Marie-Ange , Collombon Maya
Published: March 2016

Écrit à plusieurs mains par quatre sociologues 1 et une journaliste, l’ouvrage On bosse ici, on reste ici ! La grève des sans-papiers : une aventure inédite nous plonge dans l’étude d’un mouvement de travailleurs sans-papiers et interroge la figure de l’étranger-travailleur qui, bien qu’ancienne, reste encore mal connue. Le livre débute avec la description d’une grève des sans-papiers de la blanchisserie Modelux en Essonne en octobre 2006 et s’achève avec l’occupation de la Cité nationale de l’histoire de l’immigration (CNHI) à Paris en octobre 2010. Entre Paris et l’Ile de France, le lecteur suit de près des grèves concrètes, la cuisine des mobilisations : comment s’organise le piquet, qui surveille, qui participe, qui fait le relais avec les patrons...
Effect of Different Distal Fixation Augmentation Methods on the Pullout Strength of Fassier-Duval Telescoping Rods
Authors: Mansour Alfred , Barsi James , Baldini Todd , Georgopoulos Gaia
Published: March 2016

Antegrade telescoping rods have been introduced for use in pediatric patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) to decrease the incidence of long-bone fractures and to correct and prevent deformities. Recent studies have documented failures of telescoping intramedullary rods due to inadequate distal fixation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pullout strength of distal fixation of the telescoping rod with and without synthetic calcium phosphate or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmentation. Four sets of 6 telescoping distal fixation rods were fixed according to standard insertion technique into an open-cell rigid-foam synthetic bone block simulating OI bone. The groups tested were as follows: control (no augmentation), 0.75 mL of PMMA-augmented, 0.75 mL of PMMA-rescued (stripped distal fixation, then resecured after PMMA augmentation), and 0.75 mL of bioabsorbable-calcium phosphate (CP)-augmented. All rods were tested to failure. The peak load was recorded. Average pullout strengths were as follows: control, 20±6.6 N; PMMA, 125±16.8 N; PMMA-rescued, 137±11.9 N; bioabsorbable-CP, 81±10.3 N. All augmented groups had significantly higher pullout strength compared with the control (
P
<.001). The PMMA and PMMA-rescued groups failed at the PMMA/bone interface, whereas the bioabsorbable-CP group failed at the cement/rod interface. All augmented constructs improved pullout strength by at least 400% compared with the control. Bioabsorbable cement may be less detrimental to the physis if pullout still occurs despite augmentation due to its mode of failure. This study provides biomechanical evidence to support the further in vivo investigation of either PMMA or bioabsorbable cement augmentation to improve pullout strength of distal telescoping rod fixation. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e328–e332.]
Management of Postpartum Diastasis of the Pubic Symphysis
Authors: Erickson Davis , Low Jeffrey , Shumway Joseph
Published: March 2016

Conservative management is typically recommended for postpartum diastasis of the pubic symphysis, despite significant functional disability and chronic pain associated with this condition. With a reported incidence of 1:500, the authors describe diagnosis and management controversies with an additional review of relevant literature related to the management of this orthopedic condition. The case is of a 27-year-old woman diagnosed with 5.5-cm diastasis of the pubic symphysis after spontaneous vaginal delivery of a 5 lb 5 oz infant. She underwent early orthopedic surgical correction via open reduction and internal fixation. The patient achieved pain-free ambulation within 3 months of surgery, and returned to full activity at 6 months. Postpartum diastasis of the pubic symphysis is typically treated conservatively; however, the authors illustrate that early orthopedic consultation and intervention at diastasis greater than 5 cm may improve recovery and functional outcome. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e367–e369.]
Prospective, Longitudinal Evaluation of Gender Differences After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Cherian Jeffrey J. , Jinnah Alexander H. , Robinson Kristin , O'Connor Mary I. , Harwin Steven F. , Mont Michael A.
Published: March 2016

Temporal trends in survivorship, patient-reported outcomes, and activity levels following total hip arthroplasty were compared between 61 men and 127 women. Overall implant survivorship was excellent for both genders. Similar functional improvements were found between men and women out until 5 years. Some gender differences were observed: men had a faster time to functional recovery and higher preoperative Short-Form 12-item survey mental component scores, whereas women had a significant improvement in Short-Form 12-item survey mental component scores. Increased understanding of these differences by patients and surgeons, combined with gender-based interventions, may further advance outcomes for these patients. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(2):e391–e396.]
Toujours pas de paix pour les « enfants fantômes de la République »
Authors: Le Maigat Patrice
Published: March 2016

Comme il fallait s’y attendre, le débat dans la société française concernant la maternité de substitution est loin d’être clos, et risque même d’entrer rapidement dans une dynamique schizophrénique. Sur le terrain judiciaire, à peine quelques mois après les deux arrêts de l’Assemblée Plénière de la Cour de cassation du 3 juillet 2015, les incertitudes sont encore nombreuses1, notamment en ce qui concerne le sort des parents d’intention ne disposant d’aucun liens biologiques avec les enfants. Le revirement de jurisprudence opéré par la Cour de cassation, sous la contrainte de la CEDH, est en effet très insatisfaisant et donne l’impression, après un certain soulagement, d’une victoire à la Pyrrhus ou selon certains commentaires « d’une avancée jurisprudentielle en demi-teinte »2, ou d’un revirement en « douceur »3. La question fondamentale, à laquelle il sera difficile dans les prochains mois de trouver un consensus, tant sur le plan judiciaire que législatif, étant de préciser à quoi correspond la notion de réalité, en matière de filiation. Plusieurs décisions récentes rendues par les juridictions du fond montrent clairement, à travers la sévérité des jugements, l’embarras des juges à propos des concepts de réalité et d’apparence face à l’évolution de la génétique et aux mutations du droit de la filiation.
Citizen's Adoption of an E-Government System
Authors: Alryalat Mohammad Abdallah Ali , Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: March 2016

The study explores the adoption of an electronic government (e-government) system called online PAN card registration system (OPCRS) in context of India. The study validates the extended theory of reasoned action (TRA) to understand the impact of some of its factors on the citizen's intention to adopt this system. The proposed research model is extended with the variables including perceived usefulness, perceived trust, and self-efficacy as antecedents of attitude and subjective norm, which are the core constructs of the TRA. The eight hypotheses were formulated between six constructs of the proposed extended TRA. The proposed research model is validated using the usable sample of data gathered from 377 respondents. The data was analysed using AMOS 22.0. The empirical findings of the proposed research model indicated the significant relationships of all proposed hypotheses. The study also provides its limitations, future research directions, and implications for theory and practice toward the end.
Understanding Researchers Collaboration in eParticipation using Social Network Analysis
Authors: Kaliva Eleni , Katsioulas Dimitrios , Tambouris Efthimios , Tarabanis Konstantinos
Published: March 2016

Over the past years electronic participation (eParticipation) became a political priority worldwide. Consequently, research on the field has dramatically grown. However, eParticipation is still an unconsolidated research area that lacks generally agreed upon definitions, research disciplines, methods and boundaries. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the establishment of the eParticipation identity by investigating the scientific collaborations in the domain. The study of the nature of academic collaboration reveals the structure and the intellectual roots of the research community and the most influential authors. The approach followed in this paper includes the construction of the co-authorship network and the calculation of the social network analysis (SNA) metrics that describe the nature of the collaboration. The results revealed that eParticipation is a rather active academic field in the last decade including a high degree of collaboration and a core network of very influential researchers.
Framing Information Technology Governance in the Public Sector: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Al-Farsi Khalifa , Haddadeh Ramzi EL
Published: March 2016

Information technology governance is considered one of the innovative practices that can provide support for decision-makers. Interestingly, it has become increasingly a de facto for organizations in seeking to optimise their performance. In principle, information technology governance has emerged to support organizations in the integration of information technology (IT) infrastructures and the delivery of high-quality services. On the other hand, decision-making processes in public sector organisations can be multi-faceted and complex, and decision makers play an important role in implementing technology in the public sector. The aim of this paper is to shed some light on current opportunities and challenges that IT governance is experiencing in the context of public sector services. In this respect, this paper examines the factors influencing the decision-making process to fully appreciate IT governance. Furthermore, this study focuses on combining institutional and individual perspectives to explain how individuals can take decisions in response to institutional influences.
Social Care and Life Quality of Frail or Dependent Elderly
Authors: Albuquerque Cristina
Published: March 2016

In this article the author underlines the potentialities of technological achievements and ICT applications in social and health care systems to best accomplish the goals of autonomy, social participation and quality of life of frail or dependent elderly. Additionally some critical questions concerning the use of technological devises to promote alternative responses to dependency and isolation of elderly are also discussed, namely associated with inequalities in the access and use of technology and with ethical questions of privacy and confidentiality.
Employing Dynamics of Jungian Compensation to Foster Psychological Coherence with ICTs
Authors: Schafer Stephen Brock
Published: March 2016

As we experience a paradigm shift into a media age, ICTs are altering the psychological parameters of human reality. The premise of this paper is that the psychological dynamics of interactive images projected as Media Dreams correspond with the psychological and structural dynamics of dream images as defined by Carl G. Jung. If this is true, images in the media—denominated “media dreams”—mirror patterns of energy and information in what Jung called the collective unconscious. Jung called dream images archetypal representations because they are relatively conscious projections of unconscious quantum/archetypal energy patterns which are structured as metaphorical drama. Ongoing cognitive research verifies that—indeed—the cognitive unconscious has the framework of metaphorical drama and that these story patterns correlate with energy patterns in the nervous system. (Lakoff, George, 2008, p. 23) Therefore, quantum, neurobiological, and media dimensions can be correlated—and coordinated using cognitive biofeedback. Fundamental to Jungian healing with dream analysis is the principle that dreams “have a purpose,” and that the purpose is the discovery of meaning through “compensation” or harmonization of conscious and unconscious psyche using biofeedback. Jungian compensation is a process (the Amplification Method) that defines an essentially coherent psychic state. Recent research on coherence confirms that coherent states “heal” and such states can be evoked with specific feedback technologies. Abundant research confirms that coherent psychological states increase emotional and perceptual stability as well as alignment among the physical, cognitive, and emotional systems. (McCraty & Childre, 2010) The author's hypothesis is that the images projected by information and communication technologies (ICTs)—the media dreams of a population—are subject to psychological analysis and compensation in order to disclose and address unconscious sources of psychological stress in contextual collectives. Coherence is the measurable quintessence of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare.
Understanding Professional Development for Educators
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: March 2016

Professional development refers to different educational experiences related to an individual's work. Doctors, lawyers, educators, accountants, engineers, businessmen and people in a wide variety of professions participate in professional development to learn and apply new knowledge and skills that will improve their performance on the job. For teachers and leaders to be as effective as possible, they continually need to expand their knowledge and skills. Professional development is the only strategy institution systems have to strengthen educators' performance levels and also the only way educators can learn so that they are able to better their performance and raise student achievement. Many misunderstandings exist about professional development. Through in depth literature review and deep observation, this paper is aims to answer fundamental questions about professional development for educators so as to inform and engage more people in understanding that strengthening the quality of professional development for educators is crucial for making professional development effective.
Supercooling points of diapausing forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) eggs
Authors: Uelmen Johnny A. , Duman John G. , Lindroth Richard L. , Schwartzberg Ezra G. , Raffa Kenneth F.
Published: March 2016

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstriaHübner; Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is a widely distributed defoliator that undergoes intermittent outbreaks. It overwinters as pharate larvae within egg bands, is univoltine, and experiences low winter temperatures in its northern range. Little is known about how low temperatures affect winter survival and cold tolerances, their cold tolerance strategy, or how cold tolerances may vary over time and among populations. We evaluated supercooling points (SCPs) from four populations ofM. disstriaeggs collected along a 552 km latitudinal gradient from southern Wisconsin to northern Minnesota, United States of America. To test for potential effects of winter environment, we also administered three overwintering regimes (Madison, Wisconsin; Cloquet, Minnesota; Ely, Minnesota). Supercooling points were recorded in November, February, and March of 2011–2012. Supercooling points varied with maternal source (egg band), time of winter season, population source, and overwintering treatment. Means ranged from −26.8 °C (±0.5 °C) to −40.3 °C (±0.3 °C), accordingly. In a separate laboratory experiment, 89% of pharate larvae held at −20 °C (18.3 °C above coolest mean SCP) survived, but none held at −45 °C (6.7 °C below lowest mean SCP) survived. This relatively high degree of cold tolerance in its overwintering stage, due to freeze avoidance, may partially explain survival patterns and limits of overwinteringM. disstriain northern populations.
Serosurvey of peste des petits ruminants virus in small ruminants from different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria
Authors: Woma Timothy Y. , Ekong Pius S. , Bwala Dauda G. , Ibu John O. , Ta’ama Louisa , Dyek Dyek Y. , Saleh Ladi , Shamaki David , Kalla Demo J.U. , Bailey Dalan , Kazeem Haruna M. , Quan Melvyn
Published: March 2016

Peste des petits ruminants, caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), is a highly contagious and economically important transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants and a major hindrance to small-ruminant production in Nigeria. The seroprevalence and distribution of PPRV antibodies in small ruminants in rural households, farms, live animal markets and slaughter slabs across the six different agro-ecological zones of Nigeria were determined. A total of 4548 serum samples from 3489 goats and 1059 sheep were collected in 12 states. A PPRV competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the samples and the data analysed with R statistical software version 3.0.1. The study animals included all ages and both sexes. The overall prevalence estimate of sera positive for PPRV antibodies was 23.16% (n = 1018 positive samples per 4548 total samples, 95% confidence interval: 21.79% – 24.57%). There were significant differences in the seroprevalence between the states (p = 0.001). Taraba State had the highest seroprevalence of 29.51%, whilst the lowest seroprevalence of 14.52% was observed in Cross River State. There were no significant differences in the PPRV seroprevalence between male and female animals (p = 0.571), age (p = 0.323) and between species (p = 0.639). These data indicate the current seroprevalence to PPRV in the small-ruminant population in Nigeria.
Patients’ satisfaction and maintenance of fixed partial denture
Authors: Geiballa Ghada Hassan , Abubakr Neamat Hassan , Ibrahim Yahia Eltayib
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate patient satisfaction with fixed prosthesis following placement and to assess the oral health and oral hygiene practices awareness by survey questionnaire. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were filled by patients wearing fixed prosthesis; the questionnaire included the subjective perception of treatment with fixed prosthesis, patients’ perception of clinical outcome, regarding esthetics, masticatory function, speech, and together patient's attitude toward oral hygiene measures. Results: Results showed that 84% of the patients were satisfied with their fixed prosthesis, while only 46.4% of patients were satisfied with the chewing ability. In concern, with esthetic outcome, 80% of patients showed that they were satisfied with the esthetic. The results showed that a high significantly number of patients did not use any form of interdental aids’ to clean their fixed prosthesis (94%). The main reason for not using any dental aids’ (91.1%) was a lack of post fixed prosthodontics instructions and not been informed by the dentist. Conclusion: High percentages of patients were satisfied with their fixed prosthesis. The most important finding of this study was that majority of patients showed a lack of knowledge regarding post fixed prosthodontics instructions and the significance of maintenance of fixed prosthesis using dental aids’. Of particular concern was the majority of dentists did not pay attention to the post treatment instructions concerning the maintenance of fixed prosthesis.
Integrating Estimates of the Social and Individual Costs of Caregiving into Dementia Treatment Trials
Authors: Phillips Charles D.
Published: March 2016

A variety of new treatments for dementia are awaiting or undergoing randomized clinical trails. These trials focus on outcomes such as changes in cognitive function, physical function, or amyloid plaques. What is quite important and is too often missing from these trials are estimates of the impact of these treatments on the social and individual costs of providing care for those facing dementia. Until outcomes such as family caregiver time and caregiver burden are included in trails of dementia treatments, the picture of how well these treatments work will be distressingly incomplete.