bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Arterial Disease prevalence and risk factors in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) cohort
Authors: Adams O. Peter , Galusha Deron , Martinez-Brockman Josefa L. , Morris Euclid H. , Hassan Saria , Maharaj Rohan G. , Nazario Cruz M. , Nunez Maxine , Nunez-Smith Marcella
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) indicates generalised atherosclerotic disease but is often asymptomatic. The prevalence and potential risk factors of PAD were studied in ECHORN cohort study participants.

Methods

Representative samples of community-dwelling people ≥40 years of age residing in Barbados, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and the USVI were recruited. The survey included questions on diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and smoking status. Body Mass Index, HbA1c, blood glucose and lipids were determined. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was evaluated in one leg. An oscillometric device measured arm and leg systolic BP simultaneously. ABI classifications were PAD ≤0.90, borderline 0.91 to 0.99, normal 1.00 to 1.40, and non-compressible >0.40. Multivariable logistic regression tested associations of potential risk factors with PAD.

Results

Of 2772 participants (mean age 57.3, 65.2% female), 35.8% were overweight, 38.1% obese, 32.4% had diabetes, 60% hypertension, and 15.4% reported heart. ABI prevalence (95% CI) by category was PAD 4.4% (3.6%, 5.1%), borderline 5.2% (4.4%, 6.1%), normal 87.0% (85.8%, 88.3%) and noncompressible 3.4% (2.7%, 4.0%). Female sex (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.77), diabetes (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.4), heart disease history (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.83) and less than high school education vs having a university degree (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.19 to 5.22) were independently associated with PAD.

Conclusions

Testing one leg only would underestimate PAD prevalence. Increasing the ABI cutoff for identifying PAD to <1.0 when using oscillometric devices is suggested by some studies but would more than double the estimated prevalence. Guidelines need to address this issue. Female sex and lower educational attainment are important considerations when screening. While diabetes and a history of heart disease were confirmed as risk factors, the lack of association of increasing age and cigarette smoking with PAD was unexpected.
The impact of telemonitoring on correct drug use, complications and quality of life among patients with multiple myeloma (ITUMM): A study protocol for an open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eijsink Job F. H. , Geerts Paul A. F. , Kamminga Karin , Edens Mireille A. , Boersma Cornelis , Postma Maarten J. , Maring Jan Gerard , ter Horst Peter G. J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. MM is associated with significant morbidity due to its end-organ destruction and is a disease of the older population. Although survival rates for MM have improved over the last decade, due to an increase in treatment options, the disease remains incurable. Expensive (oral) agents are widely used in MM patients; however, tools for supporting patients in complex treatment regimens are scarce. To investigate if a tool will support MM patients and healthcare professionals, the MM e-coach was developed and tested. The aim of this study is to study the impact of telemonitoring on adherence, complications and quality of life in patients with MM (ITUMM study).

Methods

A two-arm open-label parallel-group randomized controlled trial will be conducted between March 2021 and June 2024 to compare the telemonitoring (MM e-coach) with standard MM care. This study aimed to recruit 150 patients with recently diagnosed multiple myeloma (RDMM), starting first or second line of treatment. Blinded primary outcome is adherence by pill count after start of treatment at 1–3 months. Secondary outcomes are patient reported outcomes: GFI, EQ-5D-5L, EORTC-QLQ-C30, SDM-Q-9, MARS-5, single item questions, PREMs, adverse events, OS and PFS. Patient reported outcomes were developed and integrated in the e-coach MM to regularly measure digitized outcomes of MM patients from time of RDMM until 12 months post-diagnosis. Online measurements will be performed at baseline (0), 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been granted by the Ethics Committee of the Isala klinieken in The Netherlands (No. 201111) at 25 February 2021. Study results will be disseminated to the relevant healthcare communities by publication in peer-reviewed journals, and at scientific and clinical conferences.

Study registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT05964270 and ABR number: NL75771.075.20.
Framework for charged compact objects admitting conformal motion in higher dimension
Authors: Zahra A. , Mardan S. A. , Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Manzoor Rubab
Published: August 2024

We propose a new framework for spherical charged compact objects admitting conformal motion in five-dimensional spacetime. The outer spacetime is considered as Reissner-Nordström to obtain matching conditions. The behavior of model characteristics like stress, pressure, and surface tension for the specific density profile is investigated by using Einstein’s Maxwell field equations in a five-dimensional framework. For the proposed solution, all physical parameters behave very well even for variations in electric charge parameters. The existence of charged compact stars is also predicted by this study.
Immunologic, virologic and drug resistance outcomes in an HIV-infected prospective cohort on treatment in South Africa
Authors: Ogola Bixa , Matume Nontokozo D. , Tebit Denis M. , Mavhandu-Ramarumo Lufuno G. , Bessong Pascal Obong
Published: August 2024

Background

In September 2016, South Africa introduced the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) programme to manage HIV infection. However, the development of drug resistance and sustaining viral suppression are challenges to the success of treatment programmes. This prospective observational study describes virologic, immunologic, and drug resistance profiles in a test and treat cohort in north-eastern South Africa.

Methods

Five hundred and thirty-four HIV-1 positive antiretroviral naïve adults entering treatment programmes were enrolled between January 2016 and February 2018. Trends in CD4+ cell count, viral load, and drug resistance by examination of deep sequences were assessed at baseline and every three months, for 24 months.

Results

Seventy-five percent were late initiators into ART (that is baseline CD4+ cell counts < 500 cells/microliter) and 16% were early initiators into ART and baseline CD4 was not available for 9%. Eleven percent (12/104) achieved immunological response after 6 months, 39.4% (41 /104) after 12 months, and 97.5% (101/104) after 24 months. Seventy-one percent (381/534) had baseline viral loads >1000 RNA copies/ml. Nine percent (22/246) achieved viral suppression after 3 months, 50% (122/246) after 6 months and 73.6% (181/246) after 12 months. A slower viral suppression was observed for males than females (p value = 0.012). A total of 45.6% (52/114) individuals had at least one drug resistance mutation (DRM) detected at >20% threshold in any of the time points, and the number increased to 55% (63/114) when minor variants were accounted for. Forty-eight percent (14/29) had drug resistance mutations at >5% threshold as early as 3 months into treatment.

Conclusion

The UNAIDS target of 95% viral suppression in individuals under treatment was not observed after 12 months of treatment, and this was less successful for males. Adherence and drug resistance monitoring could be beneficial for individuals harbouring resistant viruses early into treatment.
The effectiveness of live music in reducing anxiety and depression among patients undergoing haemodialysis. A randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Soliva Miriam Serrano , Carrascosa López Conrado , Rico Salvador Inmaculada , Ramón Rafael Ortiz , Coca Javier Villalón , Maset Rafael García , Testal Alicia García
Published: August 2024

Background

Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent disorders among individuals undergoing chronic haemodialysis. For patients with kidney disease, the haemodialysis process often exacerbates these conditions. This study aims to investigate the effects of listening to live classical music on anxiety and depression scales during haemodialysis sessions.

Methods

A randomised clinical trial was conducted with a group of patients who listened to live classical music during haemodialysis sessions, while the control group received treatment as usual. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of listening to live music. The study comprised 90 patients.

Results

The results demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety and depression among the intervention group, who listened to music, compared to the control group, who did not receive this intervention. Specifically, the intervention group, presented a decrease in score on the anxiety scale of -5.35 (p < 0.001) points on average and a decrease in score on the depression scale of -5.88 (p < 0.001) points on average, while in the control group the levels worsened with the progression of time.

Conclusion

It is concluded that listening to live classical music during haemodialysis sessions reduces anxiety and depression levels in HD patients. This conclusion adds value to listening to live music in the hospital context, specifically in this case, in haemodialysis rooms.
Depolarization of mouse DRG neurons by GABA does not translate into acute pain or hyperalgesia in healthy human volunteers
Authors: Sohns Kyra , Kostenko Anna , Behrendt Marc , Schmelz Martin , Rukwied Roman , Carr Richard
Published: August 2024

The majority of somatosensory DRG neurons express GABAA receptors (GABAAR) and depolarise in response to its activation based on the high intracellular chloride concentration maintained by the Na-K-Cl cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1). The translation of this response to peripheral nerve terminals in people is so far unclear. We show here that GABA (EC50 = 16.67μM) acting via GABAAR produces an influx of extracellular calcium in approximately 20% (336/1720) of isolated mouse DRG neurons. In contrast, upon injection into forearm skin of healthy volunteers GABA (1mM, 100μl) did not induce any overt sensations nor a specific flare response and did not sensitize C-nociceptors to slow depolarizing electrical sinusoidal stimuli. Block of the inward chloride transporter NKCC1 by furosemide (1mg/100μl) did not reduce electrically evoked pain ratings nor did repetitive GABA stimulation in combination with an inhibited NKCC1 driven chloride replenishment by furosemide. Finally, we generated a sustained period of C-fiber firing by iontophoretically delivering codeine or histamine to induce tonic itch. Neither the intensity nor the duration of histamine or codeine itch was affected by prior injection of furosemide. We conclude that although GABA can evoke calcium transients in a proportion of isolated mouse DRG neurons, it does not induce or modify pain or itch ratings in healthy human skin even when chloride gradients are altered by inhibition of the sodium coupled NKCC1 transporter.
Machine learning-driven assessment of biochemical qualities in tomato and mandarin using RGB and hyperspectral sensors as nondestructive technologies
Authors: Elmetwalli Adel H. , Derbala Asaad , Alsudays Ibtisam Mohammed , Al-Shahari Eman A. , Elhosary Mahmoud , Elsayed Salah , Al-Shuraym Laila A. , Moghanm Farahat S. , Elsherbiny Osama
Published: August 2024

Estimation of fruit quality parameters are usually based on destructive techniques which are tedious, costly and unreliable when dealing with huge amounts of fruits. Alternatively, non–destructive techniques such as image processing and spectral reflectance would be useful in rapid detection of fruit quality parameters. This research study aimed to assess the potential of image processing, spectral reflectance indices (SRIs), and machine learning models such as decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) to qualitatively estimate characteristics of mandarin and tomato fruits at different ripening stages. Quality parameters such as chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, carotenoids (car), lycopene and firmness were measured. The results showed that Red-Blue-Green (RGB) indices and newly developed SRIs demonstrated high efficiency for quantifying different fruit properties. For example, the R2 of the relationships between all RGB indices (RGBI) and measured parameters varied between 0.62 and 0.96 for mandarin and varied between 0.29 and 0.90 for tomato. The RGBI such as visible atmospheric resistant index (VARI) and normalized red (Rn) presented the highest R2 = 0.96 with car of mandarin fruits. While excess red vegetation index (ExR) presented the highest R2 = 0.84 with car of tomato fruits. The SRIs such as RSI 710,600, and R730,650 showed the greatest R2 values with respect to Chl a (R2 = 0.80) for mandarin fruits while the GI had the greatest R2 with Chl a (R2 = 0.68) for tomato fruits. Combining RGB and SRIs with DT and RF models would be a robust strategy for estimating eight observed variables associated with reasonable accuracy. Regarding mandarin fruits, in the task of predicting Chl a, the DT-2HV model delivered exceptional results, registering an R2 of 0.993 with an RMSE of 0.149 for the training set, and an R2 of 0.991 with an RMSE of 0.114 for the validation set. As well as for tomato fruits, the DT-5HV model demonstrated exemplary performance in the Chl a prediction, achieving an R2 of 0.905 and an RMSE of 0.077 for the training dataset, and an R2 of 0.785 with an RMSE of 0.077 for the validation dataset. The overall outcomes showed that the RGB, newly SRIs as well as DT and RF based RGBI, and SRIs could be used to evaluate the measured parameters of mandarin and tomato fruits.
Evolution of cardiac tissue and flow mechanics in developing Japanese Medaka
Authors: Chakraborty Sreyashi , Bhattacharya Sayantan , Meyers Brett Albert , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Vlachos Pavlos P.
Published: August 2024

The effects of pressure drop across cardiac valve cushion regions and endocardial wall strain in the early developmental stages of a teleost species heart are poorly understood. In the presented work, we utilize microscale particle image velocimetry (μPIV) flow measurements of developing medaka hearts from 3 to 14 dpf (n = 5 at each dpf) to quantify the pressure field and endocardial wall strain. Peak pressure drop at the atrioventricular canal (ΔPAVC) and outflow tract (ΔPOFT) show a steady increase with fish age progression. Pressure drops when non-dimensionalized with blood viscosity and heart rate at each dpf are comparable with measurements in zebrafish hearts. Retrograde flows captured at these regions display a negative pressure drop. A novel metric, Endocardial Work (EW), is introduced by analyzing the ΔPAVC-strain curves, which is a non-invasive measure of work required for ventricle filling. EW is a metric that can differentiate between the linear heart stage (< 100 Pa-%), cardiac looped chamber stage (< 300 Pa-%), and the fully formed chamber stage (> 300 Pa-%).
Severe acute malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years
Authors: Chama Gift C. , Siame Lukundo , Kapoma Chanda , Hamooya Benson M. , Masenga Sepiso K.
Published: August 2024

Background

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) poses a significant threat to child health globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Zambia, like many Sub-Saharan African nations, faces high rates of child malnutrition, with SAM contributing significantly to under-five mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with SAM.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital in Zambia (LUTH). SAM was defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria as either weight-for-height less than -3 standard deviations, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) less than 115 mm, or presence of bilateral pitting edema in children between 6 months and 5 years old who were attended to between 2020 and 2022. Data abstraction from pediatric patient records was conducted between August 2023 and January 2024. The records without the age and outcome variable were excluded. A total of 429 participants between 6 months and 5 years old were included, with demographic, clinical, and hematological parameters analyzed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were employed to investigate factors associated with SAM.

Results

Overall, 429 medical records were included in the study and the prevalence of SAM was 27.0% (n = 116). Age group 6–24 months (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 11.60; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.34–40.89, p<0.001), living with HIV (AOR:3.90; 95% CI: 1.14–13.70, p = 0.034), Tuberculosis (TB) (AOR:22.30, 95% CI: 4.53, 110.3, p < 0.001), comorbidities (AOR: 2.50; 95% CI 1.13, 5.88, p = 0.024) and platelet count (AOR: 1.00; 95% CI 1.00, 1.00, p = 0.027) were positively associated with SAM.

Conclusions

This study found a high prevalence of SAM, exceeding the WHO target of reducing SAM to 5% by 2025. SAM was associated with younger age (6–24 months), HIV infection, TB, comorbidities and platelet count. Therefore, there is need to enhance strategies aimed at reducing SAM among young children, children living with HIV, TB and comorbidities, particularly by intensive treatment, continuing and strengthening nutrition services.
Examining interviewer bias in medical school admissions: The interplay between applicant and interviewer gender and its effects on interview outcomes
Authors: Tsikas Stefanos A. , Dauer Karina
Published: August 2024

Selection interviews have long been integral to medical school admissions, yet their limited predictive validity and susceptibility to bias raise concerns. This study delves into potential interviewer bias within the dynamics of interviewee and interviewer gender. We analyze a dataset of 5,200 applicants and over 370 selection committees engaged in semi-structured interviews from 2006 to 2019 at a large German medical school with multiple linear and non-linear regression analyses. Our findings reveal that all-female committees tended to award male candidates, on average, one point more than their female counterparts, significantly enhancing the chances of submission for male applicants despite lower academic grades, which constituted 51% of the selection process points. All-male and mixed-gender committees exhibited similar ratings for both genders. The role of valuing voluntary services emerged prominently: all-male and mixed committees acknowledged women’s volunteer work but not men’s, while all-female committees demonstrated the opposite pattern. Our results attribute variations in interview outcomes to the absence of standardization, such as insufficient interviewer training, divergent rating strategies, variations in interviewer experience, and imbalances in candidate allocation to selection committees, rather than to a “gender bias”, for example by favoritism of males because of their gender.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of FORMIN gene family in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and their expression profiles in response to drought stress condition
Authors: Khatun Mst. Sumaiya , Islam Md Shohel Ul , Shing Pollob , Zohra Fatema Tuz , Rashid Shuraya Beente , Rahman Shaikh Mizanur , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rauf
Published: August 2024

Formin proteins, characterized by the FH2 domain, are critical in regulating actin-driven cellular processes and cytoskeletal dynamics during abiotic stress. However, no genome-wide analysis of the formin gene family has yet to be conducted in the economically significant plant potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In this study, 26 formin genes were identified and characterized in the potato genome (named as StFH), each containing the typical FH2 domain and distributed across the ten chromosomes. The StFH was categorized into seven subgroups (A-G) and the gene structure and motif analysis demonstrated higher structural similarities within the subgroups. Besides, the StFH exhibited ancestry and functional similarities with Arabidopsis. The Ka/Ks ratio indicated that StFH gene pairs were evolving through purifying selection, with five gene pairs exhibiting segmental duplications and two pairs exhibiting tandem duplications. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that most of the StFH genes were located in the chloroplast and plasma membrane. Moreover, 54 cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) were identified in the promoter regions, some of which were associated with stress responses. According to gene ontology analysis, the majority of the StFH genes were involved in biological processes, with 63 out of 74 GO terms affecting actin polymerization. Six major transcription factor families, including bZIP, C2H2, ERF, GATA, LBD, NAC, and HSF, were identified that were involved in the regulation of StFH genes in various abiotic stresses, including drought. Further, the 60 unique microRNAs targeted 24 StFH by regulating gene expression in response to drought stress were identified. The expression of StFH genes in 14 different tissues, particularly in drought-responsive tissues such as root, stem, shoot apex, and leaf, underscores their significance in managing drought stress. RNA-seq analysis of the drought-resistant Qingshu No. 9 variety revealed the potential role of up-regulated genes, including StFH2, StFH10, StFH19, and StFH25, in alleviating drought stress. Overall, these findings provide crucial insights into the response to drought stress in potatoes and can be utilized in breeding programs to develop potato cultivars with enhanced drought-tolerant traits.
Burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Assefa Muluneh , Amare Azanaw , Tigabie Mitkie , Girmay Getu , Setegn Abebaw , Wondmagegn Yenesew Mihret , Tamir Mebratu , Belete Debaka , Aynalem Melak , Belachew Teshome , Biset Sirak
Published: August 2024

Background

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a significant cause of severe infections, particularly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals because of their weakened immunity. Since there was no previous pooled representative data regarding the MDR bacteria among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia, this systematic review and meta-analysis is required.

Methods

This study was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Hinari, Web of Science, Science Direct, and African Journals Online databases. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed using STATA version 11.0 software. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of outcome variables across studies with a 95% confidence interval. The I2 statistic was used to check for heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was determined using a funnel plot and Egger’s test with a p-value < 0.05 evidence of statistically significant bias.

Results

The pooled prevalence of MDR was 58.02% (95% CI: 46.32–69.73%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97.1%, (p < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the highest multi-drug resistance was observed in the Oromia region (80.95%), patients with multiple infections (82.35%), and studies identified both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (61.45%). Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of MDR bacteria colonizing HIV-positive individuals was 48.76%. Regarding MDR species, Enterococci (77.41%) and Pseudomonas spp. (84.60%) were commonly identified in individuals with HIV infection.

Conclusion

Our study indicates a high burden of MDR among HIV-positive individuals in Ethiopia. The Oromia region, HIV patients with multiple infections, Pseudomonas spp., and Enterococci showed the highest MDR in the subgroup analysis. Therefore, regional hospitals should implement strategies to tackle MDR such as vaccination program, appropriate use of antibiotics, and further study on the associated factors of MDR bacteria in HIV are required.
New insights into PSAT1 as a therapeutic target for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
Authors: Alatawi Sael , Alzamzami Waseem
Published: August 2024

The metabolomic landscape in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is highly deregulated and presents promising avenues for understanding disease pathogenesis and potential molecular dependencies. Here, we evaluated the transcriptomic landscape in MDS in multiple independent studies focusing more on metabolomics pathways. Identifying molecular dependencies will pave the way for a more precise disease stratification as well as the development of novel personalized treatment strategies. The study adopted a retrospective, cross-sectional approach, utilizing transcriptomic data from multiple MDS studies. The transcriptomic data were then subjected to comprehensive analyses, including differential gene expression, gene enrichment analysis, gene co-expression analysis, protein-protein interaction analyses, and survival analyses. PSAT1 showed a significant upregulation profile in MDS patients. This observed upregulation is correlated with the deregulation of immune-related pathways in MDS samples. This observation suggests a novel role for PSAT1 in immune modulation and potentially in augmenting immune evasion, which may lead to poor prognosis. This was evident in other tumors in the TCGA database, where cancer patients with high PSAT1 expression have a shorter overall survival. This study unveils a novel potential therapeutic avenue in MDS. Identifying the role of the PSAT1 gene sheds light on the disease’s intricate biology, highlighting the ongoing cross-talk between metabolism and immune regulation, which may pave the way for innovative treatment modalities.
S. mansoni -derived omega-1 prevents OVA-specific allergic airway inflammation via hampering of cDC2 migration
Authors: Patente Thiago A. , Gasan Thomas A. , Scheenstra Maaike , Ozir-Fazalalikhan Arifa , Obieglo Katja , Schetters Sjoerd , Verwaerde Stijn , Vergote Karl , Otto Frank , Wilbers Ruud H. P. , van Bloois Eline , Wijck Yolanda van , Taube Christian , Hammad Hamida , Schots Arjen , Everts Bart , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Guigas Bruno , Hokke Cornelis H. , Smits Hermelijn H.
Published: August 2024

Chronic infection with Schistosoma mansoni parasites is associated with reduced allergic sensitization in humans, while schistosome eggs protects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice. One of the main secretory/excretory molecules from schistosome eggs is the glycosylated T2-RNAse Omega-1 (ω1). We hypothesized that ω1 induces protection against AAI during infection. Peritoneal administration of ω1 prior to sensitization with Ovalbumin (OVA) reduced airway eosinophilia and pathology, and OVA-specific Th2 responses upon challenge, independent from changes in regulatory T cells. ω1 was taken up by monocyte-derived dendritic cells, mannose receptor (CD206)-positive conventional type 2 dendritic cells (CD206+ cDC2), and by recruited peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, ω1 impaired CCR7, F-actin, and costimulatory molecule expression on myeloid cells and cDC2 migration in and ex vivo, as evidenced by reduced OVA+ CD206+ cDC2 in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLn) and retainment in the peritoneal cavity, while antigen processing and presentation in cDC2 were not affected by ω1 treatment. Importantly, RNAse mutant ω1 was unable to reduce AAI or affect DC migration, indicating that ω1 effects are dependent on its RNAse activity. Altogether, ω1 hampers migration of OVA+ cDC2 to the draining medLn in mice, elucidating how ω1 prevents allergic airway inflammation in the OVA/alum mouse model.
C-ter100 peptide derived from Vibrio vEP-45 protease acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern to induce inflammation and innate immunity
Authors: Park Jung Eun , Yun Ji-Hye , Lee Weontae , Lee Jung Sup
Published: August 2024

The bacterium Vibrio vulnificus causes fatal septicemia in humans. Previously, we reported that an extracellular metalloprotease, vEP-45, secreted by V. vulnificus, undergoes self-proteolysis to generate a 34 kDa protease (vEP-34) by losing its C-terminal domain to produce the C-ter100 peptide. Moreover, we revealed that vEP-45 and vEP-34 proteases induce blood coagulation and activate the kallikrein/kinin system. However, the role of the C-ter100 peptide fragment released from vEP-45 in inducing inflammation is still unclear. Here, we elucidate, for the first time, the effects of C-ter100 on inducing inflammation and activating host innate immunity. Our results showed that C-ter100 could activate NF-κB by binding to the receptor TLR4, thereby promoting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and molecules, such as TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, C-ter100 could prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1), causing IL-1β secretion. In mice, C-ter100 induced the recruitment of immune cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, along with histamine release into the plasma. Furthermore, the inflammatory response induced by C-ter100 could be effectively neutralized by an anti-C-ter100 monoclonal antibody (C-ter100Mab). These results demonstrate that C-ter100 can be a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) that activates an innate immune response during Vibrio infection and could be a target for the development of antibiotics.
Postpolypectomy Bleeding Gone Wrong: Primary Colonic Epithelioid Angiosarcoma
Authors: Bolla Rishi , Martinez Carolina , Metter David , Hilal Jonathan
Published: August 2024

Epithelioid angiosarcoma is an aggressive form of angiosarcoma, and primary colonic tumors are extremely rare. We present the case of a 60-year-old man who presented with what initially appeared to be postpolypectomy bleeding. After undergoing repeat endoscopy, he was found to have epithelioid angiosarcoma of the transverse colon, and imaging further confirmed that it was the primary tumor site. Our patient underwent segmental resection of his transverse colon. The patient's initial presentation as postpolypectomy bleeding and his continued cancer-free survival after a relatively limited surgery are unique features not previously seen.
El aporte de los centros de emprendimiento y las incubadoras de empresas al ecosistema emprendedor ecuatoriano
Authors: Brito Ochoa María Paulina , Viera-Romero Andrea Michelle , Vásquez-Luna Luz Elvira , Salas Narváez Luci Cristina
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Entrepreneurship centers and business incubators play a crucial role in fostering competitiveness, the emergence of new activities, and self-employment, thereby promoting social cohesion within countries. This research aims to identify the main business incubators and entrepreneurship centers in Ecuador and to assess their key contributions to the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Methodology: This study adopts a qualitative research approach, employing an exploratory-descriptive methodology. Through the collection of data from secondary sources, the study identifies Ecuadorian business incubators, their affiliations with public and private organizations, their primary activities, impacts, and capacities. Results: Nationwide, 28 entrepreneurship centers, both public and private, were identified. The majority are dedicated to guiding entrepreneurs in developing their business models, whether in the initial stages or during expansion, through advisory services, training in various fields, and even financing. Conclusions: While there is evident close collaboration between academia and the private sector, current efforts prioritize promoting the entrepreneurial spirit over the practical implementation of ideas, project capitalization, or addressing specific industrial or social challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to balance these efforts to ensure that entrepreneurial initiatives are not only encouraged but also realized and generate a tangible impact.
El perfil innovador de empresas agroalimentarias. Análisis de casos en la provincia de Santa Fe.
Authors: Maina Mariela Analía , Modesto María Florencia , Sánchez Rossi María Rosa
Published: August 2024

Considerando el entorno actual de las organizaciones del sector agroalimentario, progresivamente más complejo, competitivo y marcado por rápidos desarrollos tecnológicos, la capacidad innovadora de las empresas se vuelve un factor fundamental para su supervivencia, crecimiento y consolidación. Esto coloca a la innovación como uno de los principales aspectos estratégicos sobre el que las organizaciones deben trabajar si aspiran a competir en el mercado. Este trabajo pretende analizar el perfil innovador de dos empresas del sector agroalimentario seleccionadas como casos de estudio ubicadas en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. El instrumento utilizado para la evaluación fue el cuestionario propuesto por Tidd, J. et al. (2009) que indaga los aspectos más importantes que permiten describir el patrón de comportamiento respecto a cómo la organización aborda las áreas vinculadas a la gestión de la innovación. El núcleo del cuestionario incluye preguntas agrupadas categorías consideradas clave: estrategia de innovación, organización, aprendizaje, procesos de innovación y vínculos externos. En relación a los casos analizados se sugiere a las organizaciones que si aspiran a continuar y fortalecer su orientación hacia la innovación como estrategia de crecimiento deberán continuar trabajando en crear y mantener áreas que den lugar a la reflexión sobre la misma, habilitando espacios para profundizar la discusión respecto a los recorridos seguidos y a trazar para mejorar su posición competitiva en el mercado sobre la base de la innovación.
Cambios en la estratificación social en áreas residencial de la ciudad de Tandil, Buenos Aires (1991-2010)
Authors: Fleitas Andrea Evangelina , Linares Santiago
Published: August 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los cambios en las composiciones de las estructuras sociales de las diferentes áreas residenciales de la ciudad de Tandil (Argentina), detallando los patrones segregativos desde 1991 a 2010 a fin de producir nuevo conocimiento sobre las características socioespaciales de esta ciudad, sentar las bases para próximos estudios y ser un insumo para el diseño de estrategias de planificación y gestión urbana. En el mismo se realiza una revisión de las diferentes posturas teóricas para la elaboración de un método de clasificación de estratos sociales a fin de observar y analizar su distribución territorial a través de la representación cartográfica producida con Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Los resultados para 1991 y 2010 evidencian cambios en los patrones de localización residencial que visibilizan la complejidad de la segregación urbana actual y la heterogeneidad de la realidad social de la ciudad.
El turismo rural como potencial en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina)
Authors: Babini Elián G.
Published: August 2024

A partir de la práctica del turismo comenzó a considerarse al medio rural como un espacio integrado y funcional. En este sentido, el turismo rural se ha convertido en una actividad transformadora para muchas localidades de la República Argentina; particularmente, en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe. Como parte de estrategias de desarrollo territorial que fueron incrementándose en las últimas décadas, los gobiernos locales comenzaron a proponer una variada oferta de recursos y atractivos en los espacios rurales –como el turismo alternativo–, buscando destinos no explotados y apostando al desenvolvimiento de nuevas estructuras. El presente artículo busca analizar las potencialidades de una porción del espacio rural santafesino como parte de las nuevas estrategias de desarrollo turístico que intenta potenciar la relación ocio-naturaleza a partir de la generación de variadas propuestas, que incluyen la participación de la población local en la gestión y la revalorización del patrimonio cultural y natural en consonancia con las actividades económicas.
Territorios indígenas
Authors: Brasca Micaela
Published: August 2024

El presente trabajo es un resumen de la tesina de grado de la Licenciatura en Geografía titulada Territorios indígenas: proceso de territorialización mocoví en Campo San José (Santa Fe) a través de las formas de participación de las mujeres.
Bladder dysfunction following stroke: An updated review on diagnosis and management
Authors: Agapiou Eleni , Pyrgelis Efstratios-Stylianos , Mavridis Ioannis N. , Meliou Maria , Wimalachandra Welege Samantha Buddhika
Published: August 2024

Bladder dysfunction represents a frequent and important clinical problem in stroke patients. The aim of this narrative review was to explore the currently available information regarding the diagnosis and management of bladder dysfunction following stroke. The most common symptoms of bladder dysfunction following stroke are urinary incontinence, urgency, increased frequency, and difficulty voiding. Medical history, including voiding diary, physical examination, and urodynamic studies are useful in establishing diagnosis. Bladder pressure in stroke patients with detrusor overactivity is rarely high enough to damage the upper urinary tract. In neurogenic bladder, however, there is always a risk for transmission of intravesical pressure to the upper tract. In incontinent patients, urodynamic studies can reveal bladder hyper- or hyporeflexia, detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility or detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, or even no abnormalities at all. With stroke patients with urinary dysfunction, establishing a proper diagnosis is of paramount importance to start appropriate treatment, prevent upper tract damage, maintain continence, and ensure complete emptying. After diagnosis, an individually tailored treatment plan is mandatory, including behavioral techniques, lifestyle interventions, and anticholinergic medication. Other therapeutic choices include alternative drugs, intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin, and spinal neuromodulation. A bladder rehabilitation program is essential for improving post-stroke lower urinary symptoms and depends on the patient’s awareness, cooperation, and independence. Bladder dysfunction after stroke, as a strong prognostic factor of disability, exerts an enormous impact on health and economy. Therefore, every single effort toward a proper diagnosis and effective rehabilitation is crucial.
Implementación de Intervenciones Basadas en PBS: una revisión sistemática de la literatura de investigación experimental y cuasiexperimental
Authors: Hidalgo Silva Julieta , Argote Delgado Manuel , Gómez Delgado Yamile Andrea , Zambrano Guerrero Christian Alexander , Bedoya Ríos Nohemy Marcela
Published: August 2024

Pocos estudios evalúan las tendencias, calidad y logros de intervenciones basadas en Apoyo Conductual Positivo (IB-PBS) en beneficio de diferentes entornos de aplicación y poblaciones. En coherencia, este estudio siguió los lineamientos metodológicos de la Declaración PRISMA para ofrecer una perspectiva general del efecto de IB-PBS. Se seleccionaron 33 artículos de investigación experimental y cuasiexperimental de un total de 294 documentos publicados en inglés en EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed y Jstor, desde el año 2015 hasta julio de 2020. Estos aprobaron una lista de verificación de evaluación de artículos cuantitativos diseñada para este trabajo. Los artículos fueron organizados mediante análisis descriptivo de frecuencias. Se identificó una tendencia de investigación predominante en Estados Unidos, el empleo frecuente de diseños de caso único y ensayos controlados aleatorizados, y uso de observación y aplicación de instrumentos estandarizados. Los hallazgos sugieren que las intervenciones implementadas con integridad en entornos escolares, familiares y de cuidado social, tienen efectos favorables en el comportamiento y variables relacionadas con salud mental, bienestar y calidad de vida de las poblaciones estudiadas; con resultados favorables de validez social. Algunos estudios refieren limitaciones de validez externa e interna que son importantes retos para la investigación futura.
Prevalencia de lesiones e intimidación en escolares del Eje Cafetero
Authors: Berrío García Nathaly , Rubio Luz Adriana , Gallego Echeverri Mónica
Published: August 2024

La intimidación escolar se refiere a comportamientos agresivos, humillantes o excluyentes, dirigidos constantemente a personas en condición de vulnerabilidad. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue estimar las prevalencias de lesiones e intimidación escolar de una muestra de escolares del Eje Cafetero. Para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con alcance descriptivo, en el que se desarrolló un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar - ENSE 2017. Participaron 4.353 adolescentes del Eje Cafetero entre 12 y 17 años, de los cuales 51.8% son mujeres y 47.8% hombres, de los grados séptimo a undécimo. Los resultados establecen que el 24.8% de los escolares encuestados reportaron lesiones serias y el 14.2% indicaron que fueron intimidados el último mes. El 23.5% afirman que participaron en una pelea física, y el 17% que han sido víctimas al menos una vez. El 37.9% han sido agredidos verbalmente en los últimos 30 días, y el 6.6% han sido rechazados en el último mes. Se concluye que es importante prevenir situaciones de violencia en los contextos escolares del Eje Cafetero, así como acentuar la necesidad de fortalecer la atención con propuestas en el ámbito educativo.
Implementación del programa: “Uno, dos, tres para afrontar el estrés”, como estrategia para el manejo del riesgo psicosocial en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad
Authors: Guerra Santacruz Erika Marcela , Parra Rosero Gabriel Iván , López Barreto Lina Maria , Bastidas Jurado Claudia Fernanda , Matabanchoy Salazar Johana Madelyn
Published: August 2024

Introducción: A partir del reconocimiento del estrés laboral en trabajadores hospitalarios como un factor de riesgo psicosocial, se implementó un programa de afrontamiento del estrés, como medida preventiva frente a la aparición de problemas en la salud integral en los colaboradores de la institución hospitalaria. Objetivo: Describir la implementación del programa uno dos tres para afrontar el estrés en los colaboradores de los servicios de gestión de la información y servicio farmacéutico de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. Metodología: El programa se implementó con base en el ciclo PHVA, mediante una serie de etapas y fases, siguiendo una metodología cualitativa con enfoque histórico hermenéutico y un de diseño estudio de caso. Resultados Se evidencia en los colaboradores un posicionamiento crítico frente a su realidad, reconociendo la necesidad y motivación para practicar lo aprendido en pro del mejoramiento de sus dinámicas laborales. Conclusiones: El programa contribuye al desarrollo de acciones para el fortalecimiento de entornos saludables, impactando positivamente en el colaborador, evidenciándose la necesidad de implementarlo en otros servicios de la organización.
Habilidades sociales y salud mental en jóvenes estudiantes de técnica y tecnológica
Authors: González Giraldo Andrea Camila , Aguirre Rivera Juan Camilo , Garzón Rendón Valeria , Zuluaga Mejía Diego , Restrepo Soto Jaime Alberto
Published: August 2024

La depresión, ansiedad y los trastornos del comportamiento se encuentran entre las principales causas de enfermedad y discapacidad en población joven, de ahí la pertinencia de indagar por el estado de las habilidades sociales y la salud mental. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa no experimental, descriptivo-relacional, con una muestra de 179 aprendices (116 mujeres y 53 hombres), entre 16 y 25 años, de 12 programas técnicos y de tecnología. Se aplicaron los instrumentos SCL-90-R y la Escala de Evaluación de Habilidades Sociales en Adolescentes (EEHSA). Se detectó que, cuando existen habilidades sociales precarias, aumentan los factores de riesgo relacionados con la salud mental. Se concluyó que el desarrollo de habilidades sociales específicas está directamente relacionado con una mejor salud mental en estos jóvenes estudiantes, de ahí que sea necesario generar estrategias de detección temprana y/o promoción-prevención que mitiguen los factores de riesgo del contexto.
Economy of Favors
Authors: González Jiménez Alejandra
Published: August 2024

Inequalities are inherent to capitalism. However, supply-chain production has introduced new dynamics in which workers situated in uneven labor regimes increasingly find themselves working alongside one another. On Mexico’s car assembly lines, autoworkers work next to logistics workers. The former belong to a residual workforce shaped by the historical triadic social contract between organized labor, the state, and companies; the latter are among the most precarious workers in the post-NAFTA era. This ethnographic study focuses on how a tiered labor system shapes the sociality between workforces and draws attention to the circulation of favors—asymmetrical exchanges of material and nonmaterial assistance that unintentionally arise from uneven working conditions. By delving into these exchanges, this article illuminates the ways in which gender and age intersect in reconfiguring a tiered labor system. It offers insights into the precariousness of labor flexibility by providing a glimpse into the dynamics on a factory shop floor.

RESUMEN

Las desigualdades son integrales al capitalismo. Sin embargo, la producción organizada en cadena de suministros ha introducido dinámicas en donde trabajadores situados en regímenes laborales desiguales se encuentran cada vez más trabajando juntos. En las cadenas de montaje de automóviles de México, los trabajadores del automóvil trabajan codo con codo con los trabajadores de logística. Los primeros pertenecen a una mano de obra conformada por el histórico contrato social entre sindicatos, el Estado y las empresas; los segundos se encuentran entre los trabajadores eventuales más precarios empleados en la economía de exportación. Este estudio etnográfico examina como un sistema laboral estratificado le da forma a la socialidad entre los trabajadores. El artículo se centra en los favores—intercambios asimétricos de ayuda material e inmaterial que surgen involuntariamente de las condiciones de trabajo. Al enfocarse en estos intercambios, el artículo ilumina las formas en que el género y la edad se entrecruzan en la reconfiguración de un sistema laboral estratificado. Al ofrecer una examinación de la dinámica laboral en una fábrica, el artículo proporciona una perspectiva de como se vive la precariedad de la flexibilidad laboral.
Flowers of Deception
Authors: Kurian Amrita
Published: August 2024

Using the lens of affect, this article argues that understanding the sensibilities and allegiances of postcolonial experts is vital to determining who constitutes the expert’s “public” and, thus, who benefits from state interventions and who doesn’t. Following environmental sustainability initiatives in the wake of a parasitic infestation of tobacco in Andhra Pradesh, I analyze experts’ concern for landowning farmers in contrast to their passive neglect and active resentment of landless laborers. The article draws parallels between the experts’ pedagogies and the parasite’s deceptively attractive bloom, which hides complex entanglements between parasite and plant beneath the soil surface. I show that a postcolonial emotional regime idealizes landowning farmers and renders invisible the experts’ and farmers’ common cultural milieu of landownership and collective dependence on caste-based labor. Invoking nostalgia for a lost past, experts’ pedagogies are productive, subsidizing monoculture while neoliberalizing farmers’ subjectivities. By their absenting, laborers face climate precarity and the reproduction of resentment against them.