bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GÜNÜMÜZ ÇEVRE SORUNLARINA YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: SİİRT ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YILMAZ ÇİLDAM Semra
Published: April 2022

Günümüzde yaşanan toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümler, teknolojik gelişmeler, sanayileşme ve nüfus artışı şehirlerde ciddi çevre sorunlarına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Siirt’te yaşanılan çevre sorunlarının saptanması için bir alan araştırması yürütülmüştür. Ayrıca çevre sorunlarının toplumsal duyarlılığı ölçülerek, bireysel ve toplumsal duyarlılığı artırmaya katkıda bulunabilmek amaçlanmıştır. Görüşme yöntemi ile oluşturulan bu nitel araştırmada 450 kişinin görüşüne başvurulmuştur. Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü ile yapılan görüşmeler, e-Belediye Bilgi Sistem-İstek Şikâyet Talebi sayfasına gönderilen çevre konulu başvurular ve önceki çalışmalardan faydalanılarak görüşme formları oluşturulmuştur. Görüşme formları SPSS programı ile çözümlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre Siirt’te yaşanan en önemli çevre sorunlarının hava, atık ve su kirliliği olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sorunların sebepleri arasında eğitim eksikliği ve duyarsızlık ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Şehirdeki çevre sorunlarının önlemesinde eğitim, halkın bilinçlendirilmesi, uyarı ve ceza mekanizmalarının devreye sokulması, ağaçlandırılmaya önem verilmesi, çevre durum raporları ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile mevcut durumların tespit edilerek izleme ağlarının oluşturulması etkili olacaktır. Katılımcılar çevreye bireysel anlamda yerlere çöp atmayarak ve toplu taşıma araçlarını kullanarak katkı sağladıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılara göre çevre sorunlarının öncelikle yerel yönetimler tarafından dikkate alınıp çözüme kavuşturulması daha sağlıklı ve kalıcı sonuçlar doğuracaktır.
Aquatic Weeds Diversity in India and its Management by Composting: A Review
Authors: Dhadse Sharda , Mazumdar Pramila , Nawaj Alam Shahrukh , Bagade Shivani , Sakhare Purushottam , Khapekar Rajkumar
Published: April 2022

According to UNDP, about 70% of the global natural wetlands have been lost during the last decade. The continual decrease in the amount of fresh water available to humans for use is a cause of major concern today. In India also, diminishing freshwater bodies, decreasing ground water levels, increasing anthropogenic activities and pollution are posing challenges to the management of water bodies. In recent years, lot of research and efforts have been made worldwide to reclaim the depleting water resources. Continuous and increasing infestation of water bodies with aquatic weeds is one of the leading causes of its deterioration and vanishing. Within this context the present review was undertaken with the aim to understand the diversity of the aquatic weeds in India and composting as a management option to control the growth of the aquatic weeds.
Peran Orientasi Pasar dan Inovasi dalam Menciptakan Keunggulan Bersaing dan Kinerja Pemasaran Kalangan Konsumen Muslim/ Muslimah pada UKM Batik di Wilayah Jember
Authors: Shodiqin Dimas Herliandis , Rhain Ainur
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh orientasi pasar terhadap keunggulan bersaing pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Jember; untuk menguji pengaruh Inovasi produk terhadap keunggulan bersaing pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Jember; untuk menguji pengaruh orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja pemasaran pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Jember; untuk menguji pengaruh Inovasi produk terhadap kinerja pemasaran pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Jember; untuk menguji pengaruh keunggulan bersaing terhadap kinerja pemasaran pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Jember.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian explanatory. Populasi penelitian adalah Konsumen Batik Asli Jember Seperti Batik Rolas, Notohadinegoro Dan Batiak Sumber Jamber di Kabupaten Jember. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 orang. Metode analissi data menggunakan Structural Equations Model (SEM) dengan uji validitas dan reabilitas konstruk, uji asumsi SEM dan pengujian hipotesis. Haisl penelitian ini menunjukkan  bahwa orientasi pasar dan inovasi produk terhadap keunggulan bersaing dan kinerja pada UKM Batik di Kabupaten Jember;
Garda Pangan; Inovasi Gerakan Filantropi Islam Berbasis Lingkungan
Authors: Nur Khayyis , Bakir Abdul Hamid
Published: April 2022

Indonesia merupakan salah satu Negara pembuang sampah makanan terbesar kedua di dunia. Limbah makanan (food waste)  yang tidak terkontrol dengan baik akan menjadi timbulan limbah yang tentu sangat membahayakan lingkungan. Surabaya sebagai salah satu kota terbesar tidak mampu mengatasi permasalahan limbah makanan (food waste) . Maka dari itu, Garda Pangan hadir sebagai salah satu Startup sosial guna menyelamatkan makanan yang masih layak dan disalurkan kepada warga yang membutuhkan.Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah   (1) mendeskrispsikan potensi dan  asset komunitas Garda Pangan. (2) mendiskripsikan upaya garda pangan dalam menjaga lingkungan  (3)  Melihat peran Garda Pangan sebagai gerakan filantropi islam berbasis lingkungan. Hasil pengumpulan data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) dan Analisis Deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Garda Pangan  sebagai salah satu Food Bank (bank makanan) maka kegiatan Garda Pangan berpusat pada 3 hal, yaitu : (1) penyelamatan limbah makanan (food waste),(2)  pembelian atas hasil panen yang berlimpah (gleaning up) hasil pertanian yang melimpah, dan (3)  mengemas, atau memproduksi kembali makanan yang memiliki tampilan buruk (ugly produce) namun terjamin kualitasnya. Potensi komunitas garda pangan dalam pendekatan ABCD meliputi aset manusia, aset fisik, aset sosial, aset finansial, dan aset alam. Selain itu,   Sebagai salah satu gerakan filantropi islam, komunitas Garda Pangan berupaya untuk memberikan sumbangsih sosial  bagi masyarakat dan tentunya bertujuan untuk menyelamatkan lingkungan dari bahayanya limbah makanan.
Urgensi Integerasi Wakaf Dengan Sukuk Negara (Studi Analisis Atas Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk CWLS SWR001)
Authors: Istikomah Istikomah , Nur Siti Khayisatuzahro
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana urgensi integrasi wakaf dengan instrumen keuangan negara berupa Sukuk.Pemerintah terus melebarkan potensi sukuk wakaf. Pada Nopember 2020 pemerintah Kembali menginisiasi penerbitan sukuk wakaf ritel seri CWLS SWR001. Target wakif dari CWLS SWR001 adalah masyarakat umum dengan nilai nominal minimal Rp. 1 juta per unit. Dengan nominal yang terjangkau, harapannya pemerintah bisa memperoleh dana wakaf yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implemtasi CWLS SWR001 serta urgensinya bagi pemulihan ekonomi akibat pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa Implementasi Sukuk dengan Wakaf melalui CWLS SWR001 dapat menjadi alternativ pemulihan ekonomi akibat pandemi. Urgensi integrasi Wakaf dengan instrumen keuangan Negara (sukuk) melalui CWLS SWR001 adalah dalam rangka mengembalikan semangat wakaf sebagaimana mestinya sebagaimana sesuai dengan syariah.
Konsep Investasi Emas Dengan Model Cicilan Dalam Pandangan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional MUI (Berdasarkan Kajian Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional No.77/DSN-MUI/V/2010)
Authors: Syafi’i Muhammad , Bashori Dhofir Catur
Published: April 2022

Krisis moneter yang terjadi pada tahun 1997 adalah gelombang permasalahan perekonomian negara yang bersifat internasional. Tidak sedikit negara yang terdampak dari krisis moneter tersebut, khususnya wilayah Asia Tenggara termasuk Indonesia mengalami permasalahan hal yang sama yaitu lumpuhnya sistem perekonomian yang bersifat nasional. Berbagai program yang disusun oleh pemerintah untuk memperbaiki keadaan perekonomian negara, mulai dari bantuan langsung kepada lembaga keuangan memperbaiki sektor ekonomi dari hulu sampai hilir dan banyak lagi program yang dilakukan. Ada salah satu hal positif yang dialami oleh negara kita pasca terjadi krisis ekonomi, krisis ekonomi ini menyadarkan kita bahwa mata uang yang kita miliki tidak akan mampu menahan terjadinya kenaikan inflasi, tidak stabilnya kurs mata uang asing dan sebagainya, sehingga menyadarkan masyarakat bahwa mereka harus mencari opsi yang lain untuk memilih media investasi yang aman, minim resiko dan yang paling penting aman akan terjadinya lonjakan inflasi. Investasi emas menjadi salah satu pilihan media investasi yang banyak dipilih oleh kalangan masyarakat. Baik dengan cara membeli langsung atau tunai emasnya, ada pula yang membeli dengan cara non tunai atau dicicil. Sehingga muncul payung hukum secara Syariah untuk memberikan landasan hukum akan diperbolehkannya jual beli emas dengan non tunai dengan dikeluarkannya Fatwa DSN-MUI No.77/DSN-MUI/V/2010. Jenis penelitian studi pustaka. Sumber data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Sedangkan pendekatan penelitian menggunakan model tekstualis yaitu pengkajian langsung pada draft dari Fatwa DSN-MUI.. hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa jual beli emas atau investasi dengan cara non tunai atau cicil emas hukumnya boleh, mubah atau jaiz
Progam SEHATI: Kemudahan Pelaksanaan Sertifikasi Halal bagi UMKM
Authors: Nur Siti Khayisatuzahro , Istikomah Istikomah
Published: April 2022

Sebagai negara yang memiliki jumlah populasi muslim terbesar di dunia. Tentu menjadi hal mutlak akan kebutuhan produk yang terjamin kehalalannya. Produk halal menjadi isu penting yang harus dikembangkan sesuai dengan UU Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 terkait Jaminan Produk Halal. Penerapan Undang-Undang tersebut menjadi tanggung jawab bagi UMKM maupun pelaku usaha pangan, kosmetik maupun barang gunaan untuk melaksanakan Sertifikasi Halal. Sertifikasi Halal dilakukan sebagai upaya memberikan jaminan bagi konsumen untuk mengkonsumsi produk tersebut. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya, berbagai macam kendala yang dihadapi oleh pelaku usaha antara lain minimnya informasi berkenaan dengan pengajuan Sertifikasi Halal serta besarnya biaya yang dibebankan kepada UMKM pada saat melaksanakan Sertifikasi Halal. Untuk itulah Kementerian Agama bekerjasama dengan BPJPH (Badan penyelenggara jaminan produk halal) memberikan terobosan baru pelaksanaan Sertifikasi Halal secara gratis (Progam SEHATI) bagi UMKM. Progam ini dilaksanakan untuk mendorong minat dan tekad pelaku usaha UMKM dalam melaksanakan Sertifikasi Halal serta mampu meningkatkan kualitas produk halal sehingga dapat diterima di masyarakat secara luas
The Effects of Skill Lab Programs in Training of Neurosurgery Residents
Authors:   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Seddighi Amir Saied , Baghdashti Hesam Rahimi ,   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Seddigh Afsoun ,   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Hosseini Morteza ,   Professor of Neurosurgery, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Hosseini Mostafa ,   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Zali Alireza ,   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Jamshidi Shiva ,   Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: Nowadays, surgical educations and training experience new problems. Legal issues and patients' rights are a matter of concern in educational hospitals. The high cost of modern technology-based surgical education has also made the training of the residents increasingly difficult. Therefore, it seems that new approaches in the training of surgeons are necessary. One of the strategies for this purpose is the establishment of clinical skill lab programs. Methods and Materials/Patients: In this study, 4 clinical skill lab workshops were designed to increase the residents' clinical skills in a very low-cost setting. We recruited 13 residents in this study. The workshops were categorized as craniotomy, working with a microscope, tissue resection, and microsurgical dissection. After the workshop, the residents and their attending physicians were evaluated by answering the questions about the workshops. Results: According to the evaluations, both residents and their attending physicians believed that these workshops were significantly effective in enhancing these skills. Conclusion: It seems that adding clinical skill lab workshops into the residency curriculum can improve the quality of their training and avoid the stressful environment of an actual operating room and the possible legal problems. Also, residents can learn more in a shorter time and have better self-esteem for training in neurosurgery.
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Lumbar Microdiscectomy Outcomes
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, Ghasemi Amir Abbas
Published: April 2022

Background and Aim: The incidence of obesity has steadily risen to epidemic proportions in numerous world regions. Surgeons often encounter problems in surgeries on obese patients. This study evaluated the effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) on the outcome of patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods and Materials/Patients: This was primarily a case-series retrospective study of patients who underwent single-level lumbar microdiscectomy at our institution between January 2014 and April 2018. BMI was used to categorize our patients. Outcome measures were Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The Patients were also analyzed according to the operative time, average blood loss during surgery, hematoma formation, wound infection, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) leak, deep vein thrombosis, length of stay after surgery, recurrent disc herniation, and neurologic deficit. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis methods was used to assess differences between the study variables. Results: Five hundred patients (225 male & 275 female) with a Mean±SD age of 40.3±5.2 years (range: 19-70 y) who underwent single-level lumbar microdiscectomy were enrolled for the study. All patients were followed up for 24 months after surgery. The VAS and ODI were significantly improved in all patients. There was no significant difference between groups concerning the operative time, average blood loss during surgery, hematoma formation, wound infection, CSF leak, deep vein thrombosis, length of stay after surgery, recurrent disc herniation, and neurologic deficit. Conclusion: The obtained findings indicated that BMI did not negatively impact the outcome of patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy.
Bilateral C5 Palsy Following A Circumferential Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Case Report and Review
Authors:   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Amirzadeh Mahan ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahimizadeh Shahrzad ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Hajaliloo Sami Sam ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Rahimizadeh Shaghayegh ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Asgari Naser ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Williamson Walter L. ,   Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Background and Importance: The development of C5 root palsy is a well-known potential complication of cervical spine surgeries for the correction of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. It typically occurs unilaterally, but on extremely rare occasions, bilaterally. The value of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in detecting iatrogenic acute versus delayed onset C5 palsy, the rarity of bilateral C5 palsy, and its optimal management require further discussion. Case Presentation: A 49-year-old woman with quadriparesis due to cervical spondylotic myelopathy is presented. She underwent circumferential 360° cervical spine surgery. This operation was subsequently complicated by a delayed bilateral C5 palsy, despite normal transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs). With the utilization of conservative treatment, the complete resolution of this complication took roughly eight months. Conclusion: Bilateral C5 palsy is an infrequent consequence of multilevel cervical spine surgeries. Although intraoperative monitoring of transcranial electrical stimulation-induced MEPs has high sensitivity and specificity in foreseeing the acute-onset C5 palsy, it cannot predict delayed-onset palsy. Including the current case, only seven cases have been reported in the medical literature. Overall, conservative management in adherence to rigorous physical therapy may be an acceptable treatment.
Non-aneurysmal Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in A COVID-19 Patient: Case Report and Review on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patterns in COVID-19
Authors:   Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Kazem Sarpoolaki Mohammad , Iranmehr Arad ,   Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Bitaraf Mohammad Ali ,   Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Naderi Soheil ,   Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Namvar Mohamad ,   Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Published: April 2022

Background and Importance: The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has had an undeniable effect worldwide in different aspects. Although cerebrovascular diseases, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), have already been reported in COVID-19 patients, little is known about various types and patterns of SAH in these patients. Case Presentation: A 63-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with a headache. Her headache was severe (Hunt and Hess score, grade 2). She was diagnosed with COVID-19 by a positive nasopharyngeal swab PCR test. Her CT scan revealed a perimesencephalic hemorrhage, thick SAH without any signs of hydrocephalus or intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusion: Regarding the different associations of SAH with COVID-19, the perimesencephalic hemorrhage in our case is a novel type. Although not uncommon among non-infected populations, SAH occurrence in COVID-19 patients has not been reported before and needs further investigation.
Stimulating innovation in Russia: Limitations and opportunities of tax policy
Authors: Loginova Т. A.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study is to identify institutional and regulatory restrictions and the possibilities of using instruments of tax policy in Russia to stimulate innovative activity of enterprises. The article examines the importance of institutional constraints and factors of innovative development. The factor of international tax competition in the sphere of innovation is investigated, and the data of international trade in innovative services are analyzed. Based on the data of tax and statistical reports in Russia and data from the financial statements of the largest Russian companies, the analysis of the actual demand for key instruments of tax regulation of R&D in Russia has been carried out. It is concluded that there are shortcomings that do not allow to fully use the potential of existing measures on income tax to stimulate innovative activity. Among the main shortcomings we identify: the lack of focus, complex regulation and administration, a limited scope of the applied incentives to R&D on corporate income tax. This makes the current tax incentives inaccessible to a wide range of taxpayers and leads to an outflow of resources from Russia to foreign countries with better regulatory conditions.
Social leadership, power splitting, and inclusive management of the organization
Authors: Kleiner G. B.
Published: April 2022

The article proposes a new structure of organization management that combines the principles of hierarchical management and social leadership. The practicality of splitting the power of the organization head in four directions that reflect the organization’s system structure is shown. A system of social leadership should support the management of such a structure to develop and effectively use the hidden strengths of the organization: intellectual, mental, cultural, and influence (inspiration). This system prevents stratification and fragmentation of its internal space. It provides movement towards inclusive management of the organization, preserving its integrity and increasing the sustainability of its functioning. The concept of inclusive management proposed in the article reflects the progress in developing the theory of the firm, Adizes methodology, and the system economic theory. The concept can be applied both with organizations and their divisions and systems of meso- and macroeconomic levels.
The future of pluralistic institutional theory
Authors: Frolov D. P.
Published: April 2022

The article criticizes the stereotypes about the current state of institutional economics and the logic of its development. These stereotypes are based on underestimating the growth of its internal diversity, blurring the methodological boundaries of new and original institutional economics (NIE and OIE), the emergence of numerous alternative institutionalisms. The history of OIE and NIE shows that their competition has been replaced by methodological exchange, and research programs are becoming more heterogeneous and eclectic. Alternative institutionalisms — interdisciplinary movements focused on new trends in the analysis of institutions — are of growing importance. The paper proposes to move from the narrative about the struggle between NIE and OIE to rethinking institutional economics as a continuum of co-evolving and complementary schools and approaches. The article makes the case for creating an institutional theory based on epistemological pluralism, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, and the transition to postdisciplinarity. A pluralistic paradigm can be an adequate response to the challenge of increasing institutional complexity in modern economies.
Intellectual capital in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of economics: Critical understanding and systematization
Authors: Makarov P. Y.
Published: April 2022

The work is devoted to the concept of “intellectual capital” and its correlation with closely related concepts (human capital, social capital, intangible resources, etc.). The study is based on a critical analysis of the literature and uses the method of statistical-semasiological analysis of a sample of definitions. Intellectual capital is a set of intangible objects, properties and relations of socio-economic system, evaluated by the subjects of management as a source of value creation through participation in the processes of social reproduction at different levels of organization of national economy. The proposed definition is based on a critical quantitative analysis of the results of previous studies and reflects the relationship of the concepts denoting intangible factors of development. At the same time, the question of the source of value creation in the generation of intellectual capital is emphasized.
The Second Russian Revolution in historical perspective
Authors: Sonin K. I.
Published: April 2022

The Second Russian Revolution, an event that took place between 1989 and 1992 and led to a radical transformation of social and economic relations and the political system in Russia, the separation of the Union republics, is compared to four major revolutions of the past: the American, French, Chinese, and First Russian revolutions. Particular attention is paid to two concepts of modern political economy: first, binding commitments, the impossibility of which in the context of power struggles explains why attempts to reform the political system on the eve of revolutions were unsuccessful; second, coordinated action by large numbers of individuals in the absence of common interests or any organizing structure. This helps to understand the mechanism of the events of 1989—1992, which is poorly described in the logic of group interests, and even less so in terms of class interests.
Continuity and variability in the Russian economic discourse: The content analysis of publications in Voprosy Ekonomiki from 1989 to 2021
Authors: Oleinik A. N.
Published: April 2022

Key topics in scholarly publications of Soviet and Russian economists in the 1950—1980s, during the periods of Perestroika, radical economic reforms of the 1990s, the economic growth of the 2000s, the 2009 global crisis and economic stagnation of the second half of the 2010s are identified and compared by content analyzing full texts of books and journal articles. Namely, all articles published in Voprosy Ekonomiki from 1989 to 2021 are analyzed. It is shown that the departure from the paradigm of Marxian political economy leaves the question about a new paradigm open. Using the Google Books corpus, the everyday economic discourse in Russian is compared with that in English and French. It appears that the Russian everyday discourse is relatively less adapted to discussion of economic issues.
Heuristic self-organization of knowledge representation and development: analysis in the context of explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Dotsenko Sergiy , Kharchenko Vyacheslav , Morozova Olga , Rucinski Andrzej , Dotsenko Svitlana
Published: April 2022

From the analysis of the main theoretical provisions of heuristic self-organization systems and logical models, it follows that according to O. G. Ivakhnenko's systems of heuristic self-organization, the first task is to determine the factors content “that determine the essence of different images”. These are the images that characterize the objects of a particular subject area. After determining the composition and content of these images, the next problem is solved, namely, the problem of “generating the new successful heuristic”, which in content is a solution that leads to increased accuracy. Note that we are talking about improving the accuracy of solving the problem of data processing. It follows from the above mentioned that heuristic self-organization systems are data processing systems. This allows the multiplicity of heuristics. Heuristics in content correspond to the logical rules applied in heuristic self-organization systems. The main provisions of the heuristic self-organization system theory were developed by O. G. Ivakhnenko in the eighties of the last century, but they remain unnoticed to this day. At this time, the task is to explain why the neural network makes such a decision and not another. Based on this, the concept of “explainability of artificial intelligence” was introduced for artificial intelligence. It is the content of heuristics that forms the structure of the neural network in the form of logical rules and determines the logic of the decision made. It is established that the derivation rule, which is the basis for constructing artificial neural networks, is an abductive rule, which, unfortunately, does not meet the fourth heuristic and does not meet the definition of intelligence: intelligence is the ability to measure things. Unfortunately, none of the neural networks can measure things. From the analysis of the basic rules content of inference, it follows that the dialectical method of inference is general (generating) for the basic logical methods of inference. The difference lies in the composition and content of the middle member of the triangular relationship, namely, in the form of the element combination of the relationship: the transition from one concept to another. The explainability of artificial intelligence refers to the laws of the structure and activity of artificial neural networks. But modern theories of artificial neural networks ignore the existence of logical rules (heuristics), which were established by O. G. Ivakhnenko. After all, only knowing the rules based on which problems are solved, it is possible to check the correctness of the decision, but not by searching for such rules. The three hypotheses about the explainability of artificial intelligence and the theory of machine identification can be further defined as statements or theorems and strictly proved.
Convolutional neural network hyperparameter optimization applied to land cover classification
Authors: Yaloveha Vladyslav , Podorozhniak Andrii , Kuchuk Heorhii
Published: April 2022

In recent times, machine learning algorithms have shown great performance in solving problems in different fields of study, including the analysis of remote sensing images, computer vision, natural language processing, medical issues, etc. A well-prepared input dataset can have a huge impact on the result metrics. However, a correctly selected hyperparameter combined with neural network architecture could highly increase the final metrics. Therefore, the hyperparameters optimization problem becomes a key issue in a deep learning algorithm. The process of finding a suitable hyperparameter combination could be performed manually or automatically. Manual search is based on previous research and requires enormous human efforts. However, there are many automated hyperparameter optimization methods have been successfully applied in practice. The automated hyperparameter tuning techniques are divided into two groups: black-box optimization techniques (such as Grid Search, Random Search) and multi-fidelity optimization techniques (HyperBand, BOHB). The most recent and promising among all approaches is BOHB which, which combines both Bayesian optimization and bandit-based methods, outperforms classical approaches, and can run asynchronously with given GPU resources and time budget that plays a vital role in the hyperparameter optimization process. The previous study proposed a convolutional deep learning neural network for solving land cover classification problems in the EuroSAT dataset. It was found that adding spectral indexes NDVI, NDWI, and GNDVI with RGB channels increased the result accuracy (from 64.72% to 84.19%) and F1 (from 63.89 % to 84.05%) score. However, the convolutional neural network architecture and hyperparameter combination were selected manually. The research optimizes convolutional neural network architecture and finds suitable hyperparameter combinations applied to land cover classification problems using multispectral images. The obtained results must increase result performance compared with the previous study and given budget constraints.
Technique for IoT malware detection based on control flow graph analysis
Authors: Bobrovnikova Kira , Lysenko Sergii , Savenko Bohdan , Gaj Piotr , Savenko Oleg
Published: April 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the millions of devices around the world that are connected to the Internet. Insecure IoT devices designed without proper security features are the targets of many Internet threats. The rapid integration of the Internet into the IoT infrastructure in various areas of human activity, including vulnerable critical infrastructure, makes the detection of malware in the Internet of Things increasingly important. Annual reports from IoT infrastructure cybersecurity companies and antivirus software vendors show an increase in malware attacks targeting IoT infrastructure. This demonstrates the failure of modern methods for detecting malware on the Internet of things. This is why there is an urgent need for new approaches to IoT malware detection and to protect IoT devices from IoT malware attacks. The subject of the research is the malware detection process on the Internet of Things. This study aims to develop a technique for malware detection based on the control flow graph analysis. Results. This paper presents a new approach for IoT malware detection based on control flow graph analysis. Control flow graphs were built for suspicious IoT applications. The control flow graph is represented as a directed graph, which contains information about the components of the suspicious program and the transitions between them. Based on the control flow graph, metrics can be extracted that describe the structure of the program. Considering that IoT applications are small due to the simplicity and limitations of the IoT operating system environment, malware detection based on control flow graph analysis seems to be possible in the IoT environment. To analyze the behavior of the IoT application for each control flow graph, the action graph is to be built. It shows an abstract graph and a description of the program. Based on the action graph for each IoT application, a sequence is formed. This allows for defining the program’s behavior. Thus, with the aim of IoT malware detection, two malware detection models based on control flow graph metrics and the action sequences are used. Since the approach allows you to analyze both the overall structure and behavior of each application, it allows you to achieve high malware detection accuracy. The proposed approach allows the detection of unknown IoT malware, which are the modified versions of known IoT malware. As the mean of conclusion-making concerning the malware presence, the set of machine learning classifiers was employed. The experimental results demonstrated the high accuracy of IoT malware detection. Conclusions. A new technique for IoT malware detection based on control flow graph analysis has been developed. It can detect IoT malware with high efficiency.
Methods and algorithms for protecting information in optical text recognition systems
Authors: Dergachov Konstantin , Krasnov Leonid , Bilozerskyi Vladislav , Zymovin Anatoly
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study. A concept of OCR systems performance improvement is proposed, which is achieved through the integrated use of special algorithms for preliminary processing of documents picture, an extended set of service functions, and advanced techniques for information protection. Study objectives: development of algorithms that compensate for the influence of the unfavorable points like imperfect lighting conditions overshooting, images geometric deformation, noises, etc., which corrupt the pictured text, on the efficiency of that text recognition. It is needed to provide for a series of service procedures that would ensure adequate data handling while viewing, converting, and storing in standard formats the results, and ensuring the possibility to exchange data in open communication networks. Additionally, it is necessary to ensure the information protection against unauthorized use at the stage of data processing and provide secretiveness of their transmission through the communication channels. Investigation methods and research results: developed and tested algorithms for preliminary picture data processing, namely, for the captured image geometry transformation, picture noise correction with different filters, image binarization when using the adaptive thresholds reduced the negative influence of irregular image portions illumination; in the software, the special services ensure the data processing ease and information protection are affected. In particular, the interactive procedure for text segmentation is proposed, which implies the possibility of anonymizing its fragments and contributes to collecting confidentiality for documents treated. The package for processing document shots contains the face detection algorithm bringing the identification of such information features; it can be used further in the task of face recognition. After the textual doc is recognized, the received data encryption is provided by generating a QR-code and the steganography methods can deliver the privacy of this information transmission. The algorithms' structures are described in detail and the stability of their work under various conditions is investigated. Focused on the case study, docs' text recognition software was developed with the usage of Tesseract version 4.0 optical character recognition program. The program named "HQ Scanner" is written in Python using the present resources of the OpenCV library. An original technique for evaluating the efficiency of algorithms using the criterion of the maximum probability of correct text recognition is implemented in the software. Conclusions. The study results can constitute the basis for developing advanced specialized software for easy-to-use commercial OCR systems.
Adaptive two-step method for providing the desired visual quality for SPIHT
Authors: Li Fangfang
Published: April 2022

Lossy compression has been widely used in various applications due to its variable compression ratio. However, distortions are introduced unavoidably, and this decreases the image quality. Therefore, it is often required to control the quality of the compressed images. A two-step method has been proposed recently to provide the desired visual quality. The average rate-distortion curve was used to determine the proper parameter value that controls compression. However, its performance for the wavelet-based coder Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) is insufficient because there are very wide limits of visual quality variation for different images for a given value of the compression control parameter (CCP). Additionally, previous work has demonstrated that the level of errors, which is the subject of our study relates to texture features of an image to be compressed, where texture presence is an inherent property of remote sensing images. In this paper, our goal is to develop an adaptive two-step method for SPIHT to improve accuracy. The following tasks were solved. First, a prediction of visual quality for a particular parameter value is conducted. The prediction scheme is based on the information extraction from a certain number of image blocks to perform a visual quality calculation of the image compressed for a given CCP value. A threshold is adopted as the complexity grouping; in this paper, images are divided into two groups: simple and complex images. Second, the results of the grouping determine the adaptive curve model adopted. Finally, a two-step compression method is applied according to this curve. The classical metric Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is employed to evaluate the image quality. The research method is based on a validation experiment that is conducted for an image set covering different image complexity and texture features. The comparison results of four typical desired values prove that the accuracy has been generally improved, the variances of both the first and second steps have been reduced sufficiently, and the mean absolute error has also been improved. Conclusion: the improvement effects are significant, particularly in the low desired visual quality. A remote sensing image is taken as an example to analyze in detail; the quality of the decompressed images meets the user’s visual requirement, and the errors are acceptable.
现代测绘技术的发展与应用
Authors: 贾 中甫
Published: April 2022

传统的测绘技术已经不能适应当今社会发展的要求，又由于其工作量大，更新困难，效率低下等缺点，已经很少被采用，而新兴的测绘技术通过对高科技技术系统的运用，已经做到了简便精确的完成测量任务，当前我国的土地测绘技术在不断的发展和完善，在工程地质勘测过程中，很多技术都在不断的改进，此外还出现了很多的新技术，科学技术的不断发展也使得这些技术中融合了更多的现代化技术因素，这对我国的土地测绘而言有着十分重要的意义和作用。现代的土地测绘工作中越来越多的应用到了高科技技术，这些技术发展的过程中也是离不开计算机网络技术和数据库技术的支持的，它是多项技术的综合体，所以当前现代测绘技术通常就是空间技术和信息技术发展的一个产物，也是国家十分重视的一个内容。高科技对人类的工作与生活产生了越来越大的影响，对现代测绘技术的影响也不例外，现代测绘技术随着高科技的发展而不断发展。现代测绘技术会随着应用领域以及应用范围的扩大而发展成为一个综合性更强的技术。不仅可以为建筑工程事业做出贡献，也可以更好服务于人类的日常生活。 本书分六章，共计约20万字符，分别从精密三角高程测量二、三等水准及 GPS 高程拟合方法研究，工程测量技术，变形监测技术，GIS与 RS 技术，不动产测绘技术，无人机测绘技术对现代测绘技术的发展与应用进行了详细的分析与探究，以期有力的促进了现代测绘技术的快速发展。
Evaluaciones de las competencias socioemocionales en el contexto educativo: una revisión
Authors: Delgado-Villalobos Mayra , López-Riquelme Germán Octavio
Published: April 2022

Las emociones sociales son fundamentales en las relaciones sociales interindividuales específicas a largo plazo. Forman parte de la complejidad interna de una sociedad que deriva de las interacciones entre sus individuos, los patrones de relación entre ellos y sus principios de organización. Los procesos emocionales subyacen a formas complejas de interacciones y relaciones sociales, por lo que deben participar en todos los niveles de complejidad social: interactúan de abajo hacia arriba (bottom-up) y de arriba hacia abajo (top-down). El conjunto de capacidades para autorregular las respuestas emocionales, así como el comportamiento en las interacciones sociales, se conocen como habilidades socioemocionales, fundamentales para el desempeño y el éxito de los individuos. Estas capacidades son relevantes en el contexto educativo de los estudiantes, ya que contribuyen a su desempeño académico y en su aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. Existen varios enfoques, definiciones e instrumentos para medir y evaluar las competencias socioemocionales. Los objetivos de este artículo son, a partir de la distinción entre habilidades y competencias socioemocionales, revisar cómo el desarrollo socioemocional abarca funciones que integran cognición-emoción, e identificar los diversos enfoques de las competencias socioemocionales, así como la metodología y los instrumentos de medición utilizados en su evaluación.
El potencial auditivo de 40 hertz en adultos normoyentes
Authors: Moreno-Aguirre Alma Janeth , Carlier-Torres María Elizabeth Mónica , Escalante Ornelas Ana Paola , Hernández-Camacho Marco Abiel , Harmony Thalía
Published: April 2022

Se analizaron las características del potencial auditivo tálamo-cortical de 40 Hertz (Hz) en una población de adultos normoyentes. Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y comparativo. La muestra fue de 16 participantes con audición normal por audiometría, en un rango de edad de 20 a 30 años (N=32 oídos), se identificó la respuesta periódica como indicador de procesamiento sensorial normal y el fenómeno dado por el par amplitud-latencia, como indicador de la integridad y conducción de la vía auditiva. El registro fue en vigilia relajada, en cámara sonoamortiguada, con auriculares TDH39 y equipo Audix (Neuronic). La señal se exportó y analizó en Matlab. Se identificaron los componentes de los 40 Hz, se promediaron las respuestas de amplitud y latencia y se analizó con la prueba estadística no-paramétrica (Wilcoxon). El potencial con mayor amplitud fue el de 250 Hz en forma bilateral y no mostraron diferencias significativas en las latencias. Es posible identificar en población adulta normoyente el potencial auditivo de 40 Hz, debido a que es constante en la mayoría de las frecuencias de 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz y 4000 Hz en ambos oídos con mayor amplitud en la frecuencia de 250 Hz y con latencias esperadas en el rango entre los 10 a 50 ms.
Influencia de la autoeficacia hacia la actividad física sobre el envejecimiento activo
Authors: Gongora-Meza Luis F. , Sanchez-Lopez Javier
Published: April 2022

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (2002) reconoce la práctica de la actividad física como un determinante del envejecimiento activo exitoso, y declara que los adultos mayores físicamente activos presentan una mayor salud funcional y menor riesgo de limitaciones funcionales moderadas o graves. Sin embargo, las estrategias para cambiar los estilos de vida sedentarios por estilos de vida activos son menos evidentes. El presente trabajo evaluó la autoeficacia hacia la actividad física y analizó su relación con los niveles de actividad física y condición física, así como con la independencia funcional y calidad de vida en un grupo de adultos mayores del estado de Yucatán, México. La muestra fue de 55 participantes con deambulación conservada y sin deteriroro cognitivo, a los cuales se les aplicó una batería de cinco pruebas. Como resultado de los análisis, la autoeficacia demostró estar relacionada con los niveles de actividad física y condición física, los cuales predijeron la independencia funcional y calidad de vida. En este sentido, la mejora en la autoeficacia se convierte en una herramienta valiosa y necesaria si se desea fomentar la motivación y la autoconfianza hacia la práctica de actividad física, así como un elemento fundamental para el envejecimiento activo.
Effect of Mass Addition on Physical Properties and Mechanical Properties of Agave Sisalana Fiber Composites - Epoxy
Authors: Sinaga Antonius Sutanto , Sembiring Timbangen
Published: April 2022

Research on the effect of the addition of Agave Sisalana fiber mass on physical properties and mechanical properties in sisal-epoxy fiber composites has been conducted as an alternative material for composite materials. Agave Sisalana fiber was taken from Sumber Agung Village of Rejo Stage District of Blitar Regency, East Java. Agave Sisalana fiber as a filler varies the composition of fiber mass 0 g, 2 g, 4 g, 6 g, and 8 g. The results of testing the physical and mechanical properties of Agave Sisalana fiber composites produce a density value of 1.064 g/cm3 - 1.335 g/cm3, water absorption 1.59% - 2.62%, porosity 1.7% - 3.5%, strong bending 54.542 MPa - 86.412 MPa, strong impact 29.92 kJ/m2 – 98.32 kJ/m2, and strong tensile 1.983 MPa – 12.368 MPa. The physical and mechanical properties testing results have met JIS A 5905:2003 Standards, namely strong bending >32 MPa, the density of 0.3-1.3 g/cm3, and water content < 25%. Agave Sisalana fiber composites with epoxy resin can be applied to car bumpers.
Utilization of Scallop Shells (Placuna placenta) for Potential Water Filter Prototype in Jaring Halus Village, Jaring Halus-Langkat District and the Characterization Test
Authors: Sihotang Muhammad Sontang
Published: April 2022

Indonesia is a maritime country that has abundant marine wealth. Unfortunately, most fishers still live in poor conditions, including Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Previous research has shown that there is much coastal waste, such as Scallop Shells (Placuna placenta), that are not treated, even though it has the potential to help people who are experiencing water crises to get clean water sources. This study aimed to characterize the shells of Scallops and produce calcium carbonate as an activated carbon product to produce clean water. The method used to characterize the mashed scallop shells is X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). In this study, three different sizes, namely 25 μm, 90 μm, and 150 μm, will be compared, and the size and quality selected to produce the best calcium carbonate were tested at different temperatures, namely 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. In the x-ray diffraction analysis test, the smallest particle is 25 μm, which has the highest intensity compared to other sizes. The best particle size, which is heated/calcined at a temperature of 1100, has the highest intensity, which can remove all impurities and produce natural calcium carbonate, which is more stable. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that the best calcium carbonate is produced from particles with a size of 25 μm which are calcined at the highest temperature of 1100°C.