bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rising Thyroid Disorders Among Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients: Case-Control Study
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Al-Hamaq Abdulla O.A.A. , Barisik Cem Cahit , Özdenkaya Yasar , Öztürk Mustafa
Published: July 2018

AIM: The objective of study to explore the association between thyroid dysfunction and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to family history and co-morbid conditions.METHODS: This was a case and control study, 762 T2DM patients and 762 control study participants were enrolled, aged between 25 and 65 years. The study based on biochemistry parameters included: fasting blood glucose levels (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, and T4.RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between T2DM patients and control subjects regarding BMI, physical activity, smoking, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, family history thyroid nodules, and number of sleeping hours. The study found statistically significant differences between T2DM and control subjects on calcium (p=0.028), magnesium (p<0.001), potassium (p<0.001), phosphorous (p=0.038), fasting blood glucose (p<0.001), HbA1c (p<0.001), LDL (p=0.002), albumin (p<0.001), billirubin (p=0.015), triglyceride (p<0.001), SBP (p=0.009) and, DBP (p=0.002), TSH (p<0.001), T3 (p<0.001), and T4 (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences between subjects with and those without thyroid nodules for calcium (p<0.001), magnesium (p<0.001), phosphorous (p=0.022), HDL (p=0.050), TSH (p<0.001), T3 (p<0.001), and T4 (p<0.001). Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that TSH mIU/L ( <0.001), HbA1c ( p< 0.001),  family history of thyroid (p< 0.001), Waist circumference, (p<0.001), SBP mmHg (p= 0.002), [DBP mmHg ( p= 0.003), BMI (p= 0.006), Serum Calcium level (mmol/L) (p <0.001], and family history of DM ( p= 0.015) were considered at higher risk as a predictors of thyroid amongT2DM patients.CONCLUSION: The study found a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Turkish T2DM patients compared to the general population. This study suggests that obesity, HbA1c, the environment, and genetic susceptibility among T2DM, may increase the risk of thyroid disease and cancer.
Depth Data Error Modeling of the ZED 3D Vision Sensor from Stereolabs
Authors: Ortiz Luis Enrique , Cabrera Viviana Elizabeth , Goncalves Luiz M G
Published: July 2018

The ZED camera is binocular vision system that can be used to provide a 3D perception of the world. It can be applied in autonomous robot navigation, virtual reality, tracking, motion analysis and so on. This paper proposes a mathematical error model for depth data estimated by the ZED camera with its several resolutions of operation. For doing that, the ZED is attached to a Nvidia Jetson TK1 board providing an embedded system that is used for processing raw data acquired by ZED from a 3D checkerboard. Corners are extracted from the checkerboard using RGB data, and a 3D reconstruction is done for these points using disparity data calculated from the ZED camera, coming up with a partially ordered, and regularly distributed (in 3D space) point cloud of corners with given coordinates, which are computed by the device software. These corners also have their ideal world (3D) positions known with respect to the coordinate frame origin that is empirically set in the pattern. Both given (computed)  coordinates from the camera’s data and known (ideal) coordinates of a corner can, thus, be compared for estimating the error between the given and ideal point locations of the detected corner cloud. Subsequently, using a curve fitting technique, we obtain the equations that model the RMS (Root Mean Square) error. This procedure is repeated for several resolutions of the ZED sensor, and at several distances. Results showed its best effectiveness with a maximum distance of approximately sixteen meters, in real time, which allows its use in robotic or other online applications.
Parentesco y mayorazgos en el Tucumán colonial. Un ejercicio de comparación con el caso catalán
Authors: Smietniansky Silvina
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo recupera los avances de una investigación en curso sobre la institución del mayorazgo en el Tucumán colonial (actual territorio argentino) y propone un ejercicio comparativo que toma como contraparte al modelo de la primogenitura según se desarrolló en Cataluña. A través de este enfoque interesa profundizar el análisis de las prácticas y representaciones del parentesco en las familias que integraban la élite local de una región periférica de la Monarquía hispana; en particular, el uso y la significación de la sangre, la tierra y el apellido según consta en el registro de fuentes testamentarias y judiciales elaboradas en los siglos XVII y XVIII.
A propósito de la publicidad institucional
Authors: Rey Juan
Published: July 2018

Se recogen aquí investigaciones realizadas en el contexto del proyecto I+D denominado "Estrategias de comnunicación socil de los organismos del Estado a través de la publicitdad instirucional", promovido y financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Dichas investigaciones han sido llevadas a cabo por los miembros de los grupos de investigación UNICA (Unitat d'Investigació en Comunicació Audiovisual) de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona y MAECI (Métodos, Análisis, y Estrategias de Comunicación Empresarial e Institucional) de la Universidad de Sevilla.
Faunal remains from the fortified settlement around
the church at Banganarti in Sudan
Authors: Osypińska Marta
Published: July 2018

The assemblage of faunal remains from Banganarti subjected to archaeozoological examination
counted 4178 bones and fragments of bones. They represented contexts recorded within
the fortified settlement around the church in Banganarti, attributed to two different chronological
phases: 7th–10th century AD (Early Makuria) and 11th–12th century AD (Classic Makuria).
Species identified among the 1066 osteological remains from the first phase included mammals,
fishes and mollusks. Domestic ruminants dominated this group: sheep/goat (42.77%) and cattle
(41.08%); pig was also frequently recorded (12.38%). Bones from the second phase (1513 identified
remains) were identified most frequently as cattle (43.75%), sheep/goat (32.78%) and pig
(19.69%). Trace remains of donkey, dromedary, dog and bush pig were observed. The analysis gave
rise to the first ever characteristic of breeding and meat consumption models for a settlement in the
Kingdom of Makuria, outside the capital located at Old Dongola. Beef and pork proved to have
a growing importance in consumption patterns in Banganarti over the ages. A study of animal
morphology allowed breeds to be established.
Gonio (Apsaros) in Adjara: excavation of a Roman fort. Interim reporton the first season of the Polish–Georgian archaeological expedition
Authors: Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski Radosław , Mamuladze Shota Mamuladze , Jaworski Piotr , Wagner Marcin
Published: July 2018

The Roman fort of Apsaros in Gonio (Adjara, Georgia) still holds answers to many issues connected with the Roman military presence on the Chorokhi river in ancient Colchis. In 2014, a Polish team joined the Georgian expedition to carry out excavation in two sectors diretly east of the centrally located principia. The sites were chosen based on a study of the results of geophysical prospection carried out in 2012. Two phases, dated to the early and late Roman periods respectively, were recorded. The early Roman architecture was interpreted as part of the installations and structures of a large bathhouse (balneae), including a mosaic floor in one of the rooms. The building was destroyed at least twice, most likely in a catastrophic fire. The article discusses the stratigraphy and the dating of the early Roman balneae based on glass artifacts and coins.
Interim report on the Polish–Georgian excavation of a Roman fort in Gonio (Apsaros) in 2014
Authors: Mamuladze Shota Mamuladze , Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski Radosław , Shalikadze Tamar , Surmanidze Nagriz , Kakhidze Emzar
Published: July 2018

Archaeological excavations of three sections of the inner areas of the fort of Apsaros were conducted by the Gonio-Apsaros archaeological expedition of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Agency of Adjara in 2014. Remains of several buildings were unearthed in the Roman cultural
levels. Artifacts from these layers reflect a Roman presence in the area from the second half of the
1st to the end of the 3rd century AD.
Beads and pendants in the late Harbor Temple and the harbor temenos of the Red Sea port of Berenike (seasons 2010–2013): materials, techniques, functions and cultural attribution
Authors: Then-Obłuska Joanna
Published: July 2018

More than 250 beads and pendants have been registered from the Harbor Temple and its surroundings, the so-called “harbor temenos”, in the Red Sea port of Berenike. The Harbor Temple assemblage is dominated by South Asian glass beads dating from the 4th through early 6th centuries AD, but the bead finds from the presumed temenos show much greater variety in both type and date, the latter spanning the centuries from the 1st to the 5th century AD. Rather than being accidentally lost, the quantity and find context of the beads support the idea of a votive offering function. Stylistic similarities of some objects found in the Harbor Temple have led to their association with South Arabia or Axum (Rądkowska, Sidebotham, and Zych 2013); yet a much closer affiliation might also be considered. Similar ritual objects, as well as beads and pendants, have been recorded at contemporary temples and shrines in Nubia
Glass from the Tell Farma/Pelusium excavations 2003 - 2006
Authors: Gawlikowska Krystyna
Published: July 2018

The paper presents 89 selected glass fragments found during the four seasons of excavation in Pelusium, in and around the theater. They represent mostly tableware and lamps dated from the 1st century to the 7th, but most of the material is from the 5th century or earlier. It parallels the finds from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, and shows close affinities to the glass of Syria-Palestine
Platform Markets: Their Place in the Theory of Mesoeconomic System: Development and a Challenge to Spatial Studies
Authors:   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Gareev T. R.
Published: July 2018

Over the past three decades, researchers across different disciplines have paid close attention to the development of platform markets — an emergent long-term trend in economic policy. I consider platform markets as institutional and technological systems. Platforms create systems of rules and mechanisms that stimulate agents to adopt, maintain, and improve standards disseminated by the most successful platforms. Similarly to economic zones and clusters, platform markets are two-factor mesoeconomic systems. In this article, I consider the differences between two-factor systems and traditional one-factor groupings (agglomerations, industries, and conglomerates). I present a general theoretical framework for studying two-factor mesoeconomic systems, which is employed in a comparative analysis. A specific feature of platforms is the contribution of digital technology to the formalisation of relevant external effects and institutions, whereas economic zones are characterised by the external effects of agglomeration and clusters — by locally specific effects. Platforms are replacing economic zoning and clustering on the research agenda.
Repercusión de la Directiva 2016/2341 en los fondos de pensiones de empleo
Authors: Laborda Ibáñez Manuela
Published: July 2018

A lo largo de este artículo vamos a analizar la repercusión normativa en el ordenamiento jurídico español de la Directiva 2016/2341, en cuanto que afecta a los fondos de pensiones de empleo en materia de supervisión, gobernanza e información a participes y beneficiarios. Prestaremos especial atención a todo lo que afecta al órgano de control de los fondos de pensiones de empleo, denominado comisión de control. El funcionamiento de esta comisión de control es básico para el sistema de planes y fondos de pensiones de empleo, ya que, este órgano de gobierno es el que supervisa el cumplimiento de las cláusulas del plan y del fondo de pensiones.Throughout this article we are going to analyze the normative repercussion in the Spanish legal system of the Directive 2016/2341, insofar as it affects the pension funds of employment in the matter of supervision, governance and information to participants and beneficiaries. We will pay special attention to everything that affects the supervisory body of the employment pension funds, which is the control commission. The operation of the control commission is basic to the system of pension plans and funds of employment, since this governing body is the one that supervises compliance with the clauses of the plan and the pension fund.
El sufragio femenino en la II República
Authors: Álvarez Rodríguez Ignacio
Published: July 2018

El texto analiza la consecución del sufragio femenino en la II República, en concreto mediante su introducción en el articulado de la Constitución de 1931, haciendo un repaso cronológico por los principales hitos que jalonaron la llegada, el reconocimiento, y el fin de una de las medidas igualitarias señeras en la democracia de entonces.The paper studies the women´s suffrage achievement in the II Republic, mainly reached with the constitutional recognition in the 1931´s Constitution. We follow a chronological path, searching for the main landmarks and goals of the awakening, implementation and end of one of the most important equality actions adopted by the Spanish democracy.
Marco legislativo que regula la actuación en los Centros de Internamiento de Menores Infractores en Andalucía (España). Recorrido histórico y desarrollo actual
Authors: Alcalde Sánchez Ignacio
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se realiza un recorrido por toda la legislación que actúa en relación a los menores infractores y los centros de internamiento destinados al cumplimiento de sus medidas judiciales. Con una perspectiva histórica, desde su aparición específica en el ámbito internacional hasta el marco autonómico andaluz, en España, pasando por las principales normas europeas y estatales; exponemos todo el marco normativo, haciendo un análisis especial de las leyes vigentes en la actualidad.This article shows the main aspects of the whole legislation about juvenile offenders and young prisons. With a historic approach, from their specific birth in the international court, to local approach (Andalusia), including the European and Spanish development; we present an exposition of the whole rule frame, making a special analysis of the current laws.
Attitudes Towards Strangers: a test of Uslaner’s Theory of Generalized Trust
Authors: Serrano-Maillo Alfonso
Published: July 2018

Uslaner and others predict that generalized trust is an independentconstruct that does not need to be analyzed solely as an element of social capital.Uslaner’s theory suggests that generalized trust should be measured with a singleitem about whether most people can be trusted or you can’t be too careful. It ispredicted that generalized trust is a predictor of attitudes towards strangers. Uslaner’stheory conjectures that generalized trust is established early in life and that itdoes not depend on experience, and that variables that do not depend on experiencewill be better predictors of attitudes towards strangers than those that are influencedby experience. We explore hypotheses derived from Uslaner’s theory ofgeneralized trust with data from Spain collected in the frame of the 7th wave of theEuropean Social Survey. Data analyses rely on standard regression tools.Uslaner y otros predicen que la confianza generalizada es un constructoindependiente que no precisa ser analizado únicamente como un elementodel capital social. La teoría de Uslaner sugiere que la confianza generalizada deberíamedirse con un ítem único sobre si puedes confiar en la mayoría de las personaso si es mejor ser precavido. Se predice que la confianza generalizada es un predictorde las actitudes hacia los extraños. La teoría de Uslaner conjetura que la confianzageneralizada queda establecida pronto en la vida de las personas y que nodepende de la experiencia, así como que las variables que no dependen de la experienciaserán mejores predictores de las actitudes hacia los extraños que las que seencuentran influenciadas por la experiencia. Exploramos hipótesis derivadas de lateoría de la confianza generalizada de Uslaner con datos de España recogidos en elmarco de la 7.ª oleada de la Encuesta Social Europea. Los análisis utilizan herramientasde regresión comunes.
Internet y el discurso islámico
Authors: Nasser Farouk Ait
Published: July 2018

Internet está produciendo cambios muy importantes a nivel de intercambiode información entre personas. De hecho, a través de internet, el accesoa la información útil ha pasado de ser un privilegio a un derecho garantizado. Sinembargo, en esta era digital, la circulación de todo tipo de información no siempretiene un lado positivo.Internet tiene la capacidad de modernizar la percepción de la religión y el islamno es una excepción. Por lo que es importante conocer, por un lado, la influenciaque ejerce internet en el desarrollo del discurso islámico y, por el otro, losdiscursos islámicos que cuentan con más apoyo. El tema de la presencia de unosdiscursos islámicos financiados por parte de algunos actores llama la atención porel hecho de que demuestran la intención clara de querer manipular y controlar a losmusulmanes. Además, la radicalización de los musulmanes a través de internet esun tema que cada vez cobra más importancia, de ahí la necesidad de indagar en losfactores que separan la radicalización del terrorismo islámico.Internet is producing very important changes in the exchange ofinformation between people. In fact, through the internet, access to useful informationhas gone from being a privilege to a guaranteed right. However, in thisdigital age, the circulation of all kinds of information does not always have a positiveside.The Internet can modernize the perception of religion and Islam is no exception.Therefore, it is important to know, on the one hand, the influence of the interneton the development of Islamic discourse and, on the other hand, the Islamicdiscourses that have the most support. The issue of the presence of some Islamicspeeches financed by some actors draws attention to the fact that they demonstratethe clear intention of wanting to manipulate and control Muslims. Also, the radicalizationof Muslims through the internet is an issue that is becoming increasingly more important, hence the need to investigate about the factors that separateradicalism from Islamic terrorism.
Disidencias sexuales y video documental feminista en los años 70: Las cineastas brasileñas Rita Morena y Norma Bahia Pontes pioneras en las denuncias sobre la opresión de las mujeres y la invisibilidad lésbica
Authors: Laura Rosa María
Published: July 2018

En el presente artculo analizaré tres trabajos realizados por la dupla de cineastas Rita Moreira y Norma Bahia Pontes, quienes durante los años 70, decidieron establecerse en Nueva York. Allí se implicaron directamente con el Women Liberaton Movement, realizando piezas comprometdas con la militancia feminista. En dichas producciones, las cineastas denuncian la homofobia, los estereotpos de belleza y las normas de género impuestas a las mujeres. Sus documentales sentaron precedente en la cuestón de la visibilidad lésbica dentro del movement neoyorquino, de los movimientos feministas en general y del brasileño en partcular. A su vez, estos trabajos son pioneros en el campo de los estudios cuir. De regreso a Brasil, a fnales de los años 70, contnuaron con obras de compromiso feminista, generando piezas referentes para la historiografa del video documental independiente del Cono Sur.
ANODIC PROCESSES ON NiSi ELECTRODE IN SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Panteleeva Viktoriya V. , Shein Anatoliy B.
Published: July 2018

Anodic behavior of NiSi in (0.1 – 5.0) M NaOH in the range of potentials from corrosion potential up to oxygen evolution potential was studied using methods of polarization and impedance measurements. It was concluded that in the alkaline electrolyte the selective dissolution of silicon from the nickel silicide occurs. High chemical resistance of NiSi is due to the formation on its surface the passivating film, consisting mainly from poorly soluble products of anodic oxidation of nickel (it may also include  a small content of silicon dioxide and silicates). The equivalent electrical circuit modeling the passive state of the silicide was proposed.
BEHAVIOR OF BLOCKING (INERT) ELECTRODE / SOLID ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE IN GALVANOGARMONIC CHARGING MODE. CASE OF DECELERATED DIFFUSION AND ADSORPTION –DESORPTION OF TWO DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARTICLES
Authors: Guseynov Rizvan M. , Makhmudov Kheiyrulla M. , Radzhabov Radzhab A. , Bakhmudkadieva Zumrud N. , Zaynutdinova Zaripat A.
Published: July 2018

Electrochemical behavior of a cell with an interface of blocking electrode /solid electrolyte was studied in galvanogarmonic mode of charge. The possibility of application of simple and more graphic calculation technique and separation of electrochemical impedance schemes into active and reactive constituents was shown. The Jacobsen-West diffusion model was used as an equivalent electric circuit, which is valid for relatively large times or low AC frequencies. The plotting of dependences of active and reactive impedance components on AC frequency was used in order to estimate the values of parameters for studied equivalent electric circuits.
Cu(II), Ni(II) Co(II) COMPLEXES OF (2-HYDROXYBENZYLIDENE)-N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLQLYCINEHYDRAZIDE
Authors: Guseynova Mansura T. , Aliyeva Makhizar N. , Fatullayeva Pari A. , Ismailova Sabina Z. , Ismailova Shamsi I.
Published: July 2018

New metal complexes with salicylidene-N,N-dicyclohexylqlycinehydrazone derivatives were synthezed. Cu(II),Ni (II),Co(II) complexes of (2-hydroxybenzylidene)-N',N'-dicyclo-hexyl-qlycinehydrazide were obtained and investigated by IR, UV, VIS spectrometry and termogravimetry. It was shown, that in these complexes the metal:ligand ratio is 1:1 and complexes are binuclear.
VIBRATION SPECTRUM AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF 3-AMINOPHTHALIMIDE BY IR SPECTROSCOPY AND QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATION
Authors: Savelyev Denis S. , Islyaikin Mikhail K. , Girichev Georgiy V.
Published: July 2018

The IR spectra of solid 3-aminophthalimide (3-AF) were obtained and interpreted. Quantum-chemical calculations of vibration spectra were performed at different theory levels. Comparison of experimental and calculated IR spectra shows a variability of quantum chemical methods in predicting vibration spectrum in low-frequency field and fine features of geometric structure of the molecule of 3-AF.
Políticas Públicas para fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar: experiência de aquisição de produtos de agricultores familiares para alimentação escolar em Vila Velha e no Espírito Santo/National School Feeding Program (PNAE): experience of purchasing products from family farmers for school feeding in Vila Velha-ES
Authors: Espolador Leitão Ana Letícia , Venturim Bernardino Renata
Published: July 2018

Nosso objetivo é apresentar a importância de políticas públicas territoriais que incentivam os agricultores familiares, com destaque para a compra direta de produtos agrícolas para a alimentação escolar. Evidenciamos benefícios de políticas públicas como o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (Pnae) mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Nossos resultados apontam que essa aquisição de alimento é expressiva no Espírito Santo e que o município de Vila Velha tem se destacado no recebimento de recursos financeiros do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) no período de 2012 a 2015, para somar aos seus recursos próprios, contudo existem desafios na operacionalização desse programa.ABSTRACTIn this paper, we highlight the importance of public policies that encourage the direct purchase of agricultural products from family farmers. Through an exploratory research, we sought to verify the implementation of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) in the municipality of Vila Velha from 2012 to 2015, through bibliographical, documentary and empirical research. Our results point that Vila Velha stands out in the receipt of financial resources for this purpose, although there are challenges in its operationalization regarding intersectorality, regularity in the supply of foodstuffs and the development of educational work in schools.Keywords: Family Farmers, Public Policies, Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE).
Le recours à la légitime défense par les organisations régionales dans la lutte contre le terrorisme
Authors: Bidias Jean Paul
Published: July 2018

La présente réflexion se donne pour objectif de questionner les modalités du recours au droit de légitime défense par les organisations régionales, instances réduites de la sécurité collective universelle dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme. Dans cette mesure, le recours à la légitime défense est-il régulièrement opératoire au sein des organisations régionales dans la lutte contre le terrorisme ? À cet égard, la réponse ne peut aujourd’hui qu’être ambivalente dans la mesure où autant le Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies que la pratique actuelle des États laisse entrevoir des possibilités pour une légitime défense émancipée de son encadrement normatif classique.
La contribution de la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones à la protection de l’environnement à la lumière de l’affaire Endorois c Kenya
Authors: Ndayambaje Olivier Dismas
Published: July 2018

Les peuples autochtones d’Afrique font face à beaucoup de difficultés de mise en oeuvre de leurs droits. Ces difficultés sont essentiellement liées à la définition du concept de « peuples autochtones » lui-même, ainsi qu’à l’accès à la justice. La conception individualiste des droits de l’homme, et ce malgré la reconnaissance des droits des peuples dans la Charte africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples de 1981, complique la reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones au niveau des États. La Commission africaine des droits de l’homme et des peuples, étant un organe de recours en cas de violations des droits de l’homme par les États, a, à travers l’Affaire des Endorois c Kenya, réaffirmé le caractère obligatoire des instruments internationaux de protection des droits des peuples autochtones. Rappelant l’aspect collectif de ces droits et en reconnaissant les droits à la terre et aux ressources naturelles pour les Endorois, la Commission a fait un lien direct entre reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones et protection de l’environnement. Dans ce cadre, la consécration du principe de consentement libre, préalable et éclairé et du principe d’étude d’impact environnemental avant l’exécution d’un projet de développement sur les terres ancestrales des peuples autochtones s’avère être un moyen de confirmer le rôle incontournable des peuples autochtones dans la protection de l’environnement.
Réflexions sur les enjeux d’équité dans la gouvernance des ressources naturelles à Madagascar
Authors: Hubert Ta Lynda
Published: July 2018

La notion d’équité en droit international de l’environnement a été consacrée par le Sommet de la Terre qui s’est tenu à Rio de Janeiro (Brésil) en 1992 et elle se trouve aujourd’hui au coeur de la plupart des instruments en droit de l’environnement. Face à un contexte international changeant, cet article explore les effets sur l’équité de l’évolution de la gouvernance de l’environnement et des ressources naturelles vers des approches à la fois normatives et de plus en plus marchandes. L’analyse s’appuie plus particulièrement sur l’expérience malgache en matière de gouvernance des ressources naturelles. Le sens de la notion d’équité en droit de l’environnement, son importance, notamment lorsqu’il s’agit de ressources non renouvelables, est d’abord précisé. Ensuite, suivant une perspective évolutive, le concept de gouvernance environnementale est défini spécifiquement en lien avec les questions d’environnement et de ressources naturelles, puis certaines approches en la matière pouvant être retrouvées à Madagascar sont déclinées. Enfin, les enjeux de ces approches en termes d’équité sont questionnés à travers l’exemple de deux cas concrets et permettent de mettre de l’avant des faiblesses en termes de participation, d’accès et d’utilisation, de partage des coûts et des bénéfices, mais aussi en termes de pouvoir, de capacité et de responsabilité.
Multi-disciplinary approaches for studying rhizobium – legume symbioses
Authors: diCenzo George C , Zamani Maryam , Checcucci Alice , Fondi Marco , Griffitts Joel S , Finan Turlough M , Mengoni Alessio
Published: July 2018

The rhizobium-legume symbiosis is a major source of fixed nitrogen (ammonia) in the biosphere. The potential for this process to increase agricultural yield while reducing the reliance on nitrogen-based fertilizers has generated interest in understanding and manipulating this process. For decades, rhizobium research has benefited from the use of leading techniques from a very broad set of fields, including population genetics, molecular genetics, genomics, and systems biology. In this review, we summarize many of the research strategies that have been employed in the study of rhizobia and the unique knowledge gained from these diverse tools, with a focus on genome and systems-level approaches. We then describe ongoing synthetic biology approaches aimed at improving existing symbioses or engineering completely new symbiotic interactions. The review concludes with our perspective of the future directions and challenges of the field, with an emphasize on how the application of a multi-disciplinary approach and the development of new methods will be necessary to ensure successful biotechnological manipulation of the symbiosis.
Partial Coordination May Increase Overall Costs in Supply Chains
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Waldemar
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a computational study to evaluate the impact of coordinating production and distribution planning in a two-level industrial supply chain. Three planning methods are compared. The first emulates the traditional way of planning. The two other coordinate plans of the supplier and of all the buyers according to the Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) approach. The monolithic method solves a single model describing the entire optimization problem. The sequential method copies the imperfect VMI practice. All three methods are implemented by means of Mixed Integer Programming models. The results presented prove that the right choice of planning method is very important for overall cost of the supply chain. In contrast to the previous research, it turned out that information sharing without full coordination may even lead to increase in the overall cost. For some companies applying the VMI approach, developing exact models and solving them almost optimally may therefore be very important.
A Loss Function for Box-Constrained Inverses Problems
Authors: Yoneda Kiyoshi
Published: July 2018

A loss function is proposed for solving box-constrained inverse problems. Given causality mechanisms between inputs and outputs as smooth functions, an inverse problem demands to adjust the input levels to make the output levels as close as possible to the target values; box-constrained refers to the requirement that all outcome levels remain within their respective permissible intervals. A feasible solution is assumed known, which is often the status quo. We propose a loss function which avoids activation of the constraints. A practical advantage of this approach over the usual weighted least squares is that permissible outcome intervals are required in place of target importance weights, facilitating data acquisition. The proposed loss function is smooth and strictly convex with closed-form gradient and Hessian, permitting Newton family algorithms. The author has not been able to locate in the literature the Gibbs distribution corresponding to the loss function. The loss function is closely related to the generalized matching law in psychology.
On Efficient Coloring of Chordless Graphs
Authors: Janczewski Robert , Małafiejski Michał
Published: July 2018

We are given a simple graph G = (V, E). Any edge e ∈ E is a chord in a path P ⊆ G (cycle C ⊆ G) iff a graph obtained by joining e to path P (cycle C) has exactly two vertices of degree 3. A class of graphs without any chord in paths (cycles) we call path-chordless (cycle-chordless). We will prove that recognizing and coloring of these graphs can be done in O(n2) and O(n) time, respectively. Our study was motivated by a wide range of applications of the graph coloring problem in coding theory, time tabling and scheduling, frequency assignment, register allocation and many other areas.
Analogous Forecasting of Products with a Short Life Cycle
Authors: Szozda Natalia
Published: July 2018

Managing a supply chain for products with a short life cycle, like fashion apparel, high-tech, personal computers, toys, CD’s etc., is challenging for many companies (Fisher and Raman, 1999). Because the life cycles of these products are too short for standard time- series forecasting methods (not longer than one – two years), an important way of overcoming the challenges of managing supply chains for such products is to find appropriate forecasting methodologies. The standard forecasting methods require some historical data, which are often unavailable at the time when the forecasts are being performed for products with a short life cycle (Lin, 2005). The method described in this article allows forecasters to use life cycles of similar, analogous products to arrive at the initial forecasts for the product(s) at hand.
Scheduling Jobs with Linear Model of Simultaneous Ageing and Learning Effects
Authors: Janiak Adam , Lichtenstein Maciej , Rusoń Agata
Published: July 2018

In the paper, we introduce some new scheduling model in which learning and aging effects are both considered simultaneously. In this model the actual processing time of the jobs depends only on its position in a schedule and can be described by the piecewise linear function. For single-processor problem with introduced model, we show that the problem of minimizing the makespan criterion for independent jobs with release dates is strongly NPhard, but some special cases of this problem are polynomially solvable. Based on those special cases, we propose 4 heuristic algorithms and we experimentally examine their usefulness for solving the general problem.
Neighbourhood Properties in Some Single Processor Scheduling Problem with Variable Efficiency and Additional Resources
Authors: Gorczyca Mateusz , Janiak Adam , Janiak Władysław
Published: July 2018

In the paper, we consider a problem of scheduling a set of tasks on a single processor. Each task must be preprocessed before it can be started on a processor. The efficiency of preprocessing is variable, i.e., the rate of the task preprocessing depends on the amount of continuously divisible resource allotted to this task. This dependency is given by concave, continuous, non-negative and strictly increasing function of the resource amount. The total consumption of resource at each moment is upper bounded. The objective is to minimize the maximum task completion time. The considered problem is NP-hard. Such a problem appears, e.g., in steel mill systems, where ingots (before hot rolling on the blooming mill) have to achieve the required temperature in the preheating process in soaking pits. Some new properties of the problem are proved. These properties are used to construct the procedure for evaluation of the neighbourhood. The procedure is proposed to improve the efficiency of algorithms based on the neighbourhood concept, such as metaheuristics. The computational experiment is conducted to examine the efficiency of the proposed procedure. The described approach can be easily used in the other discrete-continuous scheduling problems.
Separating I/O from Application Logic for Rule-Based Control Systems
Authors: Wojnicki Igor
Published: July 2018

One of the main reasons of using a rule-based approach to program control systems is that they can be formally verified. For such systems communication with the environment is often encoded within the knowledge base. Such inclusion may lead to issues with portability, extendibility, maintainability, and interoperability. The paper proposes a four layer architecture to solve these issues. A proof-of-concept RBS, targeted at control systems, and an example case are also given.
E-cadherin binds to desmoglein to facilitate desmosome assembly
Authors: Shafraz Omer , Rübsam Matthias , Stahley Sara N , Caldara Amber L , Kowalczyk Andrew P , Niessen Carien M , Sivasankar Sanjeevi
Published: July 2018

Desmosomes are adhesive junctions composed of two desmosomal cadherins: desmocollin (Dsc) and desmoglein (Dsg). Previous studies demonstrate that E-cadherin (Ecad), an adhesive protein that interacts in both trans (between opposing cells) and cis (on the same cell surface) conformations, facilitates desmosome assembly via an unknown mechanism. Here we use structure-function analysis to resolve the mechanistic roles of Ecad in desmosome formation. Using AFM force measurements, we demonstrate that Ecad interacts with isoform 2 of Dsg via a conserved Leu-175 on the Ecad cis binding interface. Super-resolution imaging reveals that Ecad is enriched in nascent desmosomes, supporting a role for Ecad in early desmosome assembly. Finally, confocal imaging demonstrates that desmosome assembly is initiated at sites of Ecad mediated adhesion, and that Ecad-L175 is required for efficient Dsg2 and desmoplakin recruitment to intercellular contacts. We propose that Ecad trans interactions at nascent cell-cell contacts initiate the recruitment of Dsg through direct cis interactions with Ecad which facilitates desmosome assembly.
Cloning, purification and characterization of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase fromPleurotus tuoliensis
Authors: Wu Xiangli , Hou Zhihao , Huang Chenyang , Chen Qiang , Gao Wei , Zhang Jinxia
Published: July 2018

Pleurotus tuoliensis, a kind of valuable and favorable edible mushroom in China, is always subjected to high environmental temperature during cultivation. In our previous study withP. tuoliensis, trehalose proved to be effective for tolerating heat stress. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS; EC2.4.1.15) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of trehalose in fungi. In this study, a full-length of cDNA with 1,665 nucleotides encodingTPS(PtTPS) inP. tuoliensiswas cloned. The PtTPS amino acid was aligned with other homologues and several highly conserved regions were analyzed. Thus, the TPS protein was expressed inEscherichia coliand purified by affinity chromatography to test its biochemical properties. The molecular mass of the enzyme is about 60 kDa and the optimum reaction temperature and pH is 30 °C and 7, respectively. The UDP-glucose and glucose-6-phosphate were the optimum substrates among all the tested glucosyl donors and acceptors. Metal cations like Mg2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, K+, Ag+stimulated PtTPS activity significantly. Metal chelators such as sodium citrate, citric acid, EDTA, EGTA and CDTA inhibited enzyme activity. Polyanions like heparin and chondroitin sulfate were shown to stimulate TPS activity.
New Directions for Population Health Science and Scholarship
Authors: Galea Sandro , Abba-Aji Mohammed
Published: November 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the philosophy and ethics of population health, approaches that may improve the health of populations, ideas for improving decision-making for better health outcomes, and the partnerships needed to improve population health.
Neurodevelopment in the First 2 Years of Life Following Prenatal Exposure to Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Vrantsidis Daphne M. , van de Wouw Marcel , Hall Emily R. M. , Kuret Verena , Rioux Charlie , Conrad Melanie L. , Mesa Christine , Harris Angela , Lebel Catherine , Tomfohr-Madsen Lianne , Giesbrecht Gerald F.
Published: November 2024

Importance

The effects of prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection on child development throughout the first 2 years of life are unknown.

Objective

To evaluate whether prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with child neurodevelopmental outcomes during the first 2 years of life.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from the longitudinal, population-based pan-Canadian Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic cohort, which recruited participants from April 2020 to July 2022. Children were categorized as exposed to prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection if their birthing parent had a positive polymerase chain reaction test performed by a health authority or as a healthy negative comparison if their birthing parent did not have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their postpartum dried blood spot sample.

Exposure

Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The birthing parent reported on their child’s temperament at ages 6 and 24 months, developmental milestones at ages 12 and 24 months, and social-emotional milestones at ages 12 and 24 months.

Results

A total of 896 children were included, with 96 children who had been exposed to a prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.20 [1.50] weeks; 45 [47%] male) and 800 were healthy negative comparisons (mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.47 [1.54] weeks; 388 [49%] male). In analyses of covariance adjusted for prepregnancy medical conditions and household socioeconomic status, prenatal exposure to SARS CoV-2 infection was associated with slightly higher regulatory control scores, indicating more regulation, at age 6 months (difference in means, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.02-0.36]; P = .03; ηp2 = 0.01). No significant differences were observed for the other neurodevelopmental outcomes. In mixed models adjusted for the same covariates that aimed to examine change in outcomes over time, prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection exposure was not associated with developmental change in any neurodevelopmental outcomes between ages 6 and 24 months.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this longitudinal cohort study of multiple aspects of child neurodevelopment between ages 6 and 24 months, negligible associations between prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and child outcomes were observed. Follow-up research is warranted to determine whether these predominantly null effects persist into later childhood.
No Evidence for a Negative Effect of Realism When Learning About a Process Despite an Increase in Cognitive Load
Authors: Skulmowski Alexander
Published: November 2024

Realistic visualizations have been found to enhance the learning of object shapes, but regarding the learning of processes, the effects of realism are largely unclear. Previous findings indicate that realism can induce a higher level of extraneous cognitive load compared with schematics and that details are attention‐consuming. The present experiment was conducted to assess the effects of realism on learning about a process with combinations of texts and pictures. It was hypothesized that realism would be a hindrance in engaging with texts due to the potential for distraction exerted by details. Students either learned with a schematic or a realistic version of a life‐cycle diagram accompanied by texts. Realism increased participants' extraneous cognitive load, while there were no significant differences regarding retention performance. The results confirm previous results that realism can increase subjective extraneous cognitive load, but highlight that realism may not prevent learners from understanding textual information.
Gas Phase CO2 Photoreduction Behaviors over Composites of Galvanostatically Pulse‐Deposited Cu2O Nanoparticles and Anodized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Goto Hayato , Ito Kosei , Sadale Shivaji B. , Noda Kei
Published: November 2024

Electrochemically synthesized composites of vertically aligned titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays (TNAs) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (CNPs) are used for studying gas phase CO2 photoreduction behaviors. Anodized TNA surfaces with an average aperture size of 60 nm are decorated with CNPs using galvanostatic pulse electrodeposition. The nucleation and growth of CNPs are investigated with the help of cyclic voltammetry and potential‐time transients. The number of CNPs and their distribution on TNA surfaces are widely altered by adjusting the ON/OFF time, the number of applied current pulse, and the bath temperature. After characterizing structural and physical properties of the prepared CNPs/TNAs samples, in situ observation of CO2 photoreduction in gas phase over CNPs/TNAs is carried out in a high vacuum. The enhancement in CO2 photoreduction over CNPs/TNAs samples is observed for the optimized size and the number of CNPs on TNAs. The reaction route of the same is ascertained from the reaction products. The experimental results indicate that the size of CNPs should be comparable to the average pore size of TNAs for promoting CO2 photoreduction, and the relationship between CO2 photoreduction and the structural properties of CNPs is further discussed.
Uterus‐Mimetic Extracellular Microenvironment for Engineering Female Reproductive System
Authors: Cha Eunju , Choi Yi Sun , Lee Mi Jeong , Kim Minjun , Seo Seung Ju , Kwak Su Min , Park Sewon , Cho Seung‐Woo , Jin Yoonhee
Published: November 2024

Addressing the complexities and challenges inherent in endometrial biology and regeneration, this study develops a uterus‐mimetic microenvironment to reconstitute the female reproductive system. Leveraging a decellularized uterus extracellular matrix (UEM), this approach supports the development and functions of endometrial organoids (EOs) more effectively than the current gold standard, Matrigel. Extensive proteomic analysis across eight different tissue‐derived matrices reveals that those closely mirroring the protein profile of UEM–especially those abundant in proteins specific to the female reproductive system–more effectively support EO growth. These proteins, particularly fibronectin, and decorin, are identified as key enhancers of EO development, with decorin notably amplifying Wnt7a gene expression, a pathway important for endometrial development. In vivo, UEM demonstrates remarkable efficacy in regenerative applications, notably enhancing epithelial regeneration and increasing pregnancy rates in an endometrium injury model. Moreover, the sophisticated in vitro modeling provided by UEM facilitates effective decidualization of endometrial stromal cells and structural superiority when co‐cultured with EOs, thus offering an enhanced platform for studying blastocyst implantation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate UEM's pivotal role in reconstituting the reproductive system, highlighting its effectiveness in producing organoids that are not only structurally and functionally robust but also therapeutically potent.