bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-wavelength variability of the young solar analog ι Horologii
Authors: Sanz-Forcada J. , Stelzer B. , Coffaro M. , Raetz S. , Alvarado-Gómez J. D.
Published: September 2019

Context. Chromospheric activity cycles are common in late-type stars; however, only a handful of coronal activity cycles have been discovered. ι Hor is the most active and youngest star with known coronal cycles. It is also a young solar analog, and we are likely facing the earliest cycles in the evolution of solar-like stars, at an age (~600 Myr) when life appeared on Earth.

Aims. Our aim is to confirm the ~1.6 yr coronal cycle and characterize its stability over time. We use X-ray observations of ι Hor to study the corona of a star representing the solar past through variability, thermal structure, and coronal abundances.

Methods. We analyzed multi-wavelength observations of ι Hor using XMM-Newton, TESS, and HST data. We monitored ι Hor throughout almost seven years in X-rays and in two UV bands. The summed RGS and STIS spectra were used for a detailed thermal structure model, and the determination of coronal abundances. We studied rotation and flares in the TESS light curve.

Results. We find a stable coronal cycle along four complete periods, more than covered in the Sun. There is no evidence for a second longer X-ray cycle. Coronal abundances are consistent with photospheric values, discarding any effects related to the first ionization potential. From the TESS light curve we derived the first photometric measurement of the rotation period (8.2 d). No flares were detected in the TESS light curve of ι Hor. We estimate the probability of having detected zero flares with TESS to be ~2%.

Conclusions. We corroborate the presence of an activity cycle of ~1.6 yr in ι Hor in X-rays, more regular than its Ca II H&K counterpart. A decoupling of the activity between the northern and southern hemispheres of the star might explain the disagreement. The inclination of the system would result in an irregular behavior in the chromospheric indicators. The more extended coronal material would be less sensitive to this effect.
Variability of the near-infrared extinction curve towards the Galactic centre
Authors: Nogueras-Lara F. , Schödel R. , Najarro F. , Gallego-Calvente A. T. , Gallego-Cano E. , Shahzamanian B. , Neumayer N.
Published: September 2019

Context. Due to the extreme extinction towards the Galactic centre (AV ∼ 30 mag), its stellar population is mainly studied in the near-infrared (NIR) regime. Therefore, a proper analysis of the NIR extinction curve is necessary to fully characterise the stellar structure and population of the inner part of the galaxy.

Aims. We studied the dependence of the extinction index (αλ) in the NIR on the line of sight, wavelength, and extinction.

Methods. We used the GALACTICNUCLEUS imaging survey, a high angular resolution catalogue (0.2″) for the inner part of the Galaxy in JHKs, and studied the spatial variation in the extinction index. We also applied two independent methods based on red clump stars to compute the extinction index between different bands and its variation with wavelength.

Results. We did not detect any significant line-of-sight or extinction variation in α within the studied region in the nuclear stellar disc. The extinction index between JH and HKs differs by 0.19 ± 0.05. We obtained mean values for the extinction indices αJH = 2.43 ± 0.03 and αHKs = 2.23 ± 0.03. The dependence of the extinction index on the wavelength could explain the differences obtained for αλ in the literature since it was assumed constant for the NIR regime.
Spin-orbit coupling for close-in planets
Authors: Correia Alexandre C. M. , Delisle Jean-Baptiste
Published: September 2019

We study the spin evolution of close-in planets in multi-body systems and present a very general formulation of the spin-orbit problem. This includes a simple way to probe the spin dynamics from the orbital perturbations, a new method for computing forced librations and tidal deformation, and general expressions for the tidal torque and capture probabilities in resonance. We show that planet–planet perturbations can drive the spin of Earth-size planets into asynchronous or chaotic states, even for nearly circular orbits. We apply our results to Mercury and to the KOI-1599 system of two super-Earths in a 3/2 mean motion resonance.
A highly prevalent filamentous algal endophyte in natural populations of the sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is not detected during cultivation in Northern Brittany
Authors: Bernard Miriam , Rousvoal Sylvie , Collet Nadia , Le Goff Tristan , Jacquemin Bertrand , Peters Akira , Potin Philippe , Leblanc Catherine
Published: September 2019

The sugar kelp Saccharina latissima is cultivated in Europe for food, feed and ultimately the production of chemical commodities and bioenergy. Being cultivated in the open sea, S. latissima is exposed to potentially harmful organisms, such as Laminarionema elsbetiae, a filamentous brown algal endophyte with a very high prevalence in wild populations of European S. latissima. As it was shown previously that S. latissima sporophytes get infected by L. elsbetiae very early in their life, seeding the spores on collectors and keeping them under controlled conditions during the critical time of a possible infection with filamentous endophytes could be advantageous over direct seeding techniques, where the ropes are deployed within days after seeding. We used a qPCR-assay to assess the prevalence of the endophyte L. elsbetiae in S. latissima cultivated during winter in Northern Brittany, comparing individuals from direct-seeded ropes and collector-seeded lines that were kept in laboratory conditions for different time spans. No DNA of the endophyte was detected in the samples, suggesting that either the kelps were not infected or the amount of endophytic filaments were below the detection rate of the qPCR assay. Furthermore, L. elsbetiae could not be detected in the seawater surrounding the kelp farm, indicating that L. elsbetiae is not fertile or disperses at a very small scale in Northern Brittany during the deployment time of young kelps. Our results suggest that infections of cultivated S. latissima with the endophyte L. elsbetiae might be a minor problem in kelp farms in Northern Brittany if the seeding production is kept under controlled conditions without external contamination.
Résistance au cisaillement des interfaces roche / coulis représentatives de pieux offshore
Authors: Stavropoulou Eleni , Dano Christophe , Boulon Marc , Briffaut Matthieu , Sharma Ankit , Puech Alain
Published: September 2019

Dans le cadre des projets éoliens offshore, la conception optimisée des fondations de type monopieux forés dans des massifs rocheux carbonatés demande une estimation réaliste de la résistance au cisaillement mobilisable. Dans cette optique, une campagne d’essais de cisaillement d’interface roche / coulis est conduite sur la machine BCR3D qui permet, en particulier, d’appliquer une condition de rigidité imposée sur la normale à l’interface, condition jugée représentative de ce qui se passe au droit du pieu. On présente dans une première partie le dispositif expérimental, la préparation des éprouvettes d’essai et le choix des paramètres expérimentaux. Puis, au travers de différents résultats expérimentaux, on montre l’importance de la rigidité normale dans le développement de la résistance au cisaillement. Dans un second temps, on met en évidence que la rugosité, son évolution sous chargement et le contraste de propriétés mécaniques entre une roche (calcaire tendre ou calcarénite) et le coulis conditionnent le frottement mobilisable. L’élément commun à toutes les observations est la dilatation empêchée de l’interface et l’évolution associée de la contrainte normale à l’interface.
Determining the mean year value of radon in the indoor air
Authors: Valdbjørn Rasmussen Torben
Published: September 2019

This paper describes how Denmark has implemented the directive 2013/59/EURATOM, laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers caused by exposure to ionising radiation. Ionising radiation develops from radon. Furthermore, the paper describes a procedure to determine the value of the mean year concentration of radon based on short-term measurements. Procedures are described both for radon measurements in the indoor environment of buildings used for accommodation and buildings used for other purposes such as workspace, day-care for children and schools. In addition, the paper argues for the described requirements that short-term measurements should follow in order to be used for estimating the concentration of radon indoors as the mean year value.
Water vapor transport to material surfaces-Simplified analytical expressions for non-linear material properties
Authors: Hagentoft Carl-Eric
Published: September 2019

The water vapour transfer between the indoor air and material surfaces is of importance for the moisture balance of the room. It can also be important for the moisture content and durability of the material surface layer such as artefacts in churches and historical buildings. For most building materials the penetration depth due to short time fluctuations, such as diurnal ones, is very limited. For these cases the assumption of semi-infinite analysis gives accurate results even for a rather thin material layer. In the paper, the moisture profile and surface moisture uptake are modelled in detail for isothermal cases and strongly non-linear material properties for the sorption isotherm and vapor permeability. An approximative formula is given for a quite accurate estimate of the moisture up take for a demonstration case with a strongly non-linear material.
Commissioning of thermal performance of prefabricated timber frame insulation elements for nZEB renovation
Authors: Pihelo Peep , Kalamees Targo
Published: September 2019

The current study contains a commissioning of thermal performance of highly insulated building envelope, located in cold and humid Estonian climate. The focus is on the renovation of old apartment building to nearly-zero energy building with prefabricated timber frame insulation elements with designed thermal transmittances U=0.10-0.12 W/(m2∙K). Air tightness, heat flux and temperatures were measured after renovation. Results of commissioning are showing some deviations from designed values, possibly caused by internal convection, improper tightening of joints of elements and poor quality of sealing of layers which must be kept airtight. The results have shown that analysis of designed solutions before, during and after renovation is worthwhile. Thorough inspection and strict rules of quality control on work site are essential for high-quality, sustainable outcomes of renovation with timber frame insulation elements and to guarantee designed thermal performance.
Impact of solar reflectance of wall and road on outdoor thermal comfort - experimental study in a street canyon setup
Authors: D E V S Kiran Kumar , Wan Man Pun , Zhou Mandi , Long Yongping , Ng Bing Feng
Published: September 2019

Thermal environment in an urban street canyon is primarily affected by prevailing air conditions, wind flow, solar radiation as well as thermal properties of the surrounding urban structures and pavement surfaces that affect the reflection, absorption and re-emission of solar radiation. Experiments were conducted in a 1:5 scale test setup consisting of North-South oriented street canyon (height to width ratio 1.7) located in Singapore. Test cases covering two levels solar reflectance of walls (0.35 and 0.57) and road (0.12 and 0.55) were conducted in a three-month period. Environmental parameters including direct beam and diffuse solar radiation, net radiation (incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation) and wind speed were continuously measured at the top of the canyon. Thermal comfort parameters including air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and globe temperature were also monitored continuously inside the street canyon. When the solar reflectance of canyon surfaces increases, mean radiant temperature (MRT) reduces by up to 1.2°C during daytime and 2.5°C during the night. Such reduction leads to reduced occurrence of heat stress by 34% and 42% during the day and night times, respectively, as measured by the universal thermal comfort index (UTCI). This paper further discusses the effect of longwave radiation on MRT in the street canyon due to changes in canyon solar reflectance.
On the feasibility of watertight face-sealed window-wall interfaces
Authors: Van Linden Stéphanie , Van Den Bossche Nathan
Published: September 2019

Watertightness is still a major source of concern in the performance of the building envelope. Even very small deficiencies can cause a significant amount of water leakage which may result in structural degradation or malfunctioning of the insulation. The risk of water infiltration is highest at joints between different building components and in particular at the window-wall interface due to the complexity of these joints. This paper focuses on the performance of different solutions to ensure the watertightness of the window-wall interface, e.g. self-adhesive foils, liquid applied coatings, prefabricated frames, self-expanding sealing strips. The performance of these solutions is evaluated for different wall assemblies, i.e. ETICS, masonry, structural insulated panels and wood-frame construction. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a full-scale test setup with a window of 1,01 m high and 0,56 m wide. Test results showed that it is not evident to obtain watertight face-sealed window-wall interfaces without an additional airtight layer or drainage possibilities. Water ingress was often recorded at lower pressure differences.
Comparison of different methods for determining the moisture diffusivity of porous building materials
Authors: Ren Peng , Feng Chi , Janssen Hans
Published: September 2019

This paper compares the X-ray method, the ruler method and the multi-step method to non-destructively determine the moisture diffusivity of calcium silicate and ceramic brick. Results show that the ruler method and multi-step method produce acceptable diffusivities and λ-profiles compared with the common X-ray method, meaning that both methods can determine moisture diffusivity reliably to some extent without the expensive X-ray setup and complicated data processing.
Determination of the properties of acoustic materials - airflow resistance of cellulose based insulation material
Authors: Rubáš Pavel , Výborný Jaroslav
Published: September 2019

The air flow resistance is a fundamental acoustic parameter to understanding the properties of cellulose based insulation material, it is useful for research and development to perform acoustic performance prediction and for calculation modelling. There is a connection between structure of cellulose based insulation material and its acoustic characteristics. Specific air flow resistance is also a parameter for the quality of cellulose based insulation which is used for factory production control because there is also strong connection between specific air flow resistance and density of produced material. Experimental measurement of airflow resistance has been performed according to the direct method of the EN 29053 standard where low and constant air flow is passed through cellulose based insulation with a specific section.
Assessing the indoor thermal comfort of a toll station
Authors: Almeida Ricardo M.S.F. , Barreira Eva , Soares Sandra , Nuno M.M. Ramos , Lopes Sérgio , Pinho Paulo
Published: September 2019

The importance of a good indoor environment for peoples’ health and wellbeing is nowadays clearly established. Besides enhancing the wellbeing of building occupants and helping decrease the occurrence of building related illness, a good indoor environment can also lead to a decrease in worker complaints and absenteeism. This paper presents the results of a three-month monitoring campaign where the thermal comfort of a toll station was evaluated, including the main room and the cabins. The physical parameters required for the assessment of both global and local thermal comfort were measured and the results were compared with the thermal perception of the occupants, which was collected through questionnaires. The indoor environmental quality in the main room was better than in the cabins and a mismatch between the PMV index and the occupants thermal sensation was identified.
Comparison of various methods applied in porous materials microstructure analysis in regard to hardened cement paste
Authors: Bednarska Dalia , Koniorczyk Marcin
Published: September 2019

Porous materials are strongly prevalent among those ones applied in civil engineering. It is crucial to become thoroughly acquainted with material microstructure in order to understand the formation and potential use of investigated substance as well as to develop precise prediction models. The most important parameters describing porous material texture are: specific surface area, shape and volume of pores as well as pore size distribution. There are several methods, which provide such results, however each of them has some limitations. The main purpose of this paper is to compare results obtained by means of various methods commonly applied to microstructure investigation i.e. mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), low temperature sorption of nitrogen and thermoporometry (TPM) performed with water. The measurements are conducted on gamma aluminum oxide, which is characterized by one dominant pore diameter and hardened cement paste prepared using portland cement (CEM I 42,5R) with water-cement ratio equal to 0.5. The results obtained by the aforementioned methods are described and compared in detail in the report. Each of presented approaches has some drawbacks. Hence, in order to receive consistent description of porous microstructure one has to apply at least two different experimental methods.
Study of behaviour of thermal insulation materials under extremely low pressure
Authors: Zach Jiří , Peterková Jitka , Bubeník Jan
Published: September 2019

In most thermal insulation materials, reduced internal pressure improves thermal insulation properties. It reduces heat transport by convection as well as heat conduction in gases in the material´s pore structure. The dependence of thermal conductivity on pressure is individual to every type of insulation with open porosity. In general, a material with fine porosity is not very sensitive to pressure change within the range of very low pressure to vacuum. On the other hand, materials with a larger number of bigger pores are more sensitive to changing pressure. Any pressure change between atmosphere pressure and vacuum causes a change in thermal conductivity. The paper presents the results of an investigation into the behaviour of alternative fibrous insulations usable in the production of vacuum insulation panels at low pressure.
Hygric properties of hydrophobized building materials
Authors: Soulios Vasilis , de Place Hansen Ernst Jan , Janssen Hans
Published: September 2019

Moisture loads due to wind-driven rain can lead to accelerated decay of exposed building facades. Hydrophobic impregnation reduces water absorption of facade materials and is thus presumed to decrease moisture related damages. Hydrophobic impregnation however also lowers the drying speed of the exposed facade, leaving mainly water vapour transfer to take place. This study examines the open porosity and capillary absorption coefficient of impregnated brick samples as well as the effect of hydrophobic impregnation on the vapour permeability of brick and mortar samples. The open porosity was measured with vacuum saturation test, the absorption coefficient was determined by water uptake tests, both done after one month of curing of the impregnated brick samples. The vapour permeability was `derived from cup tests and from drying tests. The resulting open porosity from brick samples indicates that the changes in the overall pore structure are minimal after impregnation. In addition, the absorption coefficient of brick was found to be fairly close to zero, even with low concentrations of active ingredient, and regardless the percentage of silane/siloxane. Our findings support the claim that the hydrophobic impregnation does not influence significantly the water vapour permeability of brick and mortar.
Hygrothermal simulation assessment of internal insulation systems for retrofitting a historic Danish building
Authors: Soulios Vasilis , de Place Hansen Ernst Jan , Peuhkuri Ruut
Published: September 2019

The built environment is accountable for 1/3 of the European energy consumption. Thermal insulation is a key factor affecting the energy performance of buildings. Historic buildings typically were made with solid external walls of brick masonry or natural stone, rarely insulated afterwards. Often the buildings have worth-preserving façades making internal insulation the only feasible technique, however significantly modifying the hygrothermal performance of the façade. The research objective of this paper is to simulate the hygrothermal performance of solid masonry walls in an old Danish hospital that will be internally insulated following the Danish requirement (U-value) for external walls (change of use of buildings) and transformed into dwellings, involving different insulation systems. Heat loss and masonry moisture content level after adding internal insulation and the possible effects of hydrophobization on the moisture content is simulated. Simulations show an increased moisture content in the original wall when adding internal insulation implying an increased risk for moisture-related damage (mould growth, frost damage and interstitial condensation). The results also show that hydrophobic impregnation of the internally insulated facades may be vital in avoiding moisture problems and securing a moisture-safe energy renovation of buildings like the one studied.
Application of neural networks to lighting systems
Authors: Dudzik Marek , Dechnik Mirosław , Furtak Marcin
Published: September 2019

This paper will continue application of neural networks to the concept of environmental quality management technology described elsewhere. Human preferences are different and may vary depending on type of the work or psycho-physical conditions of workers. This paper deals with application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to control of general lighting systems to provide personal (individual) illuminance on worktables. Two-layer feedforward ANN is used to identify and model the system. Introduction of ANN to model illumination systems opens a new possibility of individual control systems in which specific areas have different set of requirements than remaining areas of a lighting system.
Spaces in-between impacts on indoor environment and energy efficiency in dwellings
Authors: Ribeiro Catarina F. T. , Ramos Nuno M. M. , Flores-Colen Inês
Published: September 2019

Throughout history, it has always been recognised that the spaces in-between in dwellings have the advantage of working as environmental buffer spaces. The aim of this paper is to provide a literature review of the different spaces in-between in dwellings – balconies, shaded balconies and glazed balconies - and their impacts on comfort and on energy performance. The effects of the spaces in-between depend on their design, on the characteristics of the buildings and on the surroundings. They have important impacts on the four factors that contribute to the indoor environmental quality: thermal comfort, lighting comfort, acoustic comfort and indoor air quality. These factors are interrelated and the lack of balance between them can lead to poor indoor environmental conditions and to excessive energy consumption. Based on the review, a synthesis of the key environmental parameters that can be used as indicators for those factors is established. The impacts of spaces in-between on the factors and sub-factors of indoor environment are defined, considering different climatic regions. A holistic approach that conciliates all the above-mentioned factors should be a contribution to the design of spaces in-between in both new construction and rehabilitation projects, in order to achieve better indoor environment with minimum energy consumption.
Multi-objective parametric study of a wooden window
Authors: Gradeci Klodian , Labonnote Nathalie , Grynning Steinar
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to conduct a multi-objective parametric study by simultaneously analysing the thermal and structural performance of a wood-frame window. The finite element simulation program COMSOL is used to carry out the thermal and structural analysis. A global sensitivity analysis is performed to screen and rank the dominant parameters. Afterwards, a parametric analysis is performed by varying the dominant parameters. The results demonstrate that the performance of the frame configuration of the wooden window can be improved from the nominal configuration. The results suggest that the methodology can be further improved by conducting form-finding and typology-based optimization studies while accounting further for the impact of the window on the energy use for heating in buildings.
Development of a three-dimensional hygrothermal model of a historic building in WUFI®Plus vs EnergyPlus
Authors: Coelho Guilherme B. A. , Entradas Silva Hugo , Henriques Fernando M. A.
Published: September 2019

Historic artefacts are crucial to transmit history to future generations. Depending on the characteristics of their components these objects can be prone to biological attacks, chemical decay or even mechanical degradation. These three types of decay are induced by the indoor relative humidity and temperature, which are largely dependent on the characteristics of the building envelope, the outdoor climate and the number of occupants. In order to attain a proper indoor climate for the conservation of the artefacts it may be necessary to implement some types of changes. However, and due to the high heritage value of most of the buildings that house these artefacts, any type of changes has to be thoroughly studied prior to its implementation. These studies are usually carried out using a hygrothermal model of the building validated by the measured indoor conditions. The development of these models is entirely based on non-destructive procedures, which is a key factor when studying historic buildings. The yearly indoor climate of a 13th century church in Lisbon was measured and then used to develop a hygrothermal model of the church in two of the most used software in cultural heritage: EnergyPlus and WUFI®Plus. The obtained results for each model were compared against the measured indoor temperature and water vapour pressure to determine which are the advantages of the two software.
Probabilistic assessment of the impact of material properties on the risk of frost damage in masonry constructions
Authors: Calle Klaas , Van Den Bossche Nathan
Published: September 2019

Historically valuable buildings often contain a huge energy saving potential due to their current lacking thermal performance of the building envelope. Next to this, unfortunately insulation measures, which normally occur at the inside, induce a decrease in the temperature and drying potential of the structure which results in a risk for frost damage. To validate this risk Heat, Air and Moisture simulations are a valuable tool. Heritage facades often consist of masonries, which are known to have a complex hygrothermal behaviour. Therefore nowadays a homogenization of the masonry, for example to a homogenous brick wall, is often assumed to save computational time. Nevertheless these homogenizations, which include neglecting mortars, can have a drastic impact on the hygrothermal behaviour of masonries. Hence this study compares the impact of basic material parameters for the brick, pointing mortar and bed mortar of a masonry separately under a constant indoor and outdoor climate based on probabilistic simulations. The evaluation is done for three frost related criteria. Generally, the main impact parameters for the one and a half brick construction are found to be quite similar for interior insulated and not insulated cases but diverse between the chosen criteria.
Numerical simulation of degradation of porous building materials caused by freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Maděra Jiří , Kruis Jaroslav
Published: September 2019

Freeze-thaw cycles in porous building materials are studied in this contribution. Degradation and durability of many building materials as well as structural elements are tightly connected with the freeze-thaw cycles. The porosimetry curve and Gibbs-Thomson equation are used for estimates of volume changes caused by the freeze-thaw cycles. The volume changes are used in mechanical analysis based on the isotropic damage model. Numerical example documents the approach proposed.
Impact of diffuse solar radiation on HAM simulation accuracy
Authors: Juras Peter
Published: September 2019

Advance in the numerical simulation models brings higher need for more accuracy outdoor boundary conditions - climate data sets. With influence of the urban heat islands, measured climate on the meadows, far from pawed surfaces creates uncertainty in the simulation. Another problem is the modelling of solar radiation impact on the surface temperatures. Solar radiation heats up the surface of the structure and increase the speed of vapor transport. To obtain correct results, global and diffuse solar radiation is needed in the HAM software. In this paper, influence of the diffuse part of solar radiation is analyzed. As it would be shown, correct modeling of the solar radiation, both global and diffuse is very important to reach good precision. This analysis is done in software WUFI Pro and compared with the experimental measurement of the wooden wall fragments.
Research on optimization and assessment of protection shed for the Sun Wu tomb based on microbiological damage control
Authors: Feng Yumai , Li Yonghui , Hokoi Shuichi , Dou Na
Published: September 2019

The Sun Wu tomb in Shangfang Town,Nanjing City is a brick tomb of the Six Dynasties in China,which is very famous for its big scale and complex structure.After being excavated in 2005, microbiological damage occurred on the interior wall of tomb chambers due to the fluctuation of environmental factors, which threatens the historic and culrutal value of this building heritage. Microbiological damage is highly related to the high temperature, high humidity in the tomb chamber and condensation on the wall surface. To solve the problem of microbiological damage in the Sun Wu tomb, the environment monitoring was carried out and the current protection shed on the Sun Wu tomb was optimized. the heat and moisture transfer numerical simulation model of the protection shed was built to evaluate the effects of the optimized protection shed for reducing the condensation on the wall surface.The results show that and add of an functional space into the protection scheme can reduce the condensation on the wall surface of the site.In the protection of masonry archaeological sites, design of such functional space can reduce the condensation on the wall surface of the site,so as to control the microbiological damage in the site.
The potential of Personal Conditioning Systems
Authors: De Turck Sven , Van Den Bossche Nathan , Laverge Jelle
Published: September 2019

Traditional HVAC systems provide a uniform indoor climate for the whole building or space, whereas the occupants each have their own comfort preferences. The result is suboptimal comfort for the occupants on the one hand, with at best up to 5 % of dissatisfied, and energy losses due to control on the safe side by the building operators. Personalised conditioning systems (PCS) do not aim to heat, cool or ventilate the space but to deliver the heat, cold and fresh air directly to the occupant. This paper provides a systematic assessment about the energy saving potential and potential comfort gains that can be achieved by implementing localized and personal HVAC systems in home environments. Using the Human Thermal Module software that allows to study the thermal sensation and thermoregulation under transient and asymmetric environmental conditions, the energy saving potential was evaluated in TRNSYS, and for a case study with different user behavior patterns it was shown that comfortable micro-climates can be achieved by means of heated chairs for an air temperature as low as 17°C, and the total annual energy savings amount to 30% in winter conditions and 70% in summer conditions.
A new method for detecting free liquid moisture on façade surfaces
Authors: Bishara Ayman , Kramberger Helge
Published: September 2019

Liquid water present on the surface of façades is significantly responsible for microorganism growth. This issue became especially important with the increasing use of thermal insulation. The formation of condensation on these façades is often increased due to low surface temperatures [1]. Therefore, the development of a method for controlling the wetness and drying of façades is necessary, since no suitable method is yet available for this purpose. In this paper, the development of an active façade moisture detection system is presented. This system consists of a surface humidity sensor network based on reflection from infrared (IR) radiation, data acquisition and intelligent processing technology. The system is tested and calibrated in the lab for different textured surfaces. Different newly developed coating systems are tested in-situ using this method. These coatings are evaluated with respect to their surface condensation in order to identify the resistance against condensation. The method provides long-term non-destructive measurements of surface wetness. Targeted measures to prevent or reduce the growth of algae can be initiated with the obtained data. In addition, the measured data make a valuable contribution to the development of facade materials and coatings, which have improved drying properties and balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface. As a result, the use of biocides to protect the facade from algae growth can be reduced.
Monetized environmental assessment of interior thermal insulation
Authors: Fořt Jan , Maděra Jiří , Černý Robert
Published: September 2019

Excessive production of carbon dioxide is viewed as one of the most threat to the current generation. While the industry and transportation sector significantly improve energy efficiency and more actions are awaited, the building sector still lacking similar progress. European member states committed a decrease in produced carbon emissions which emphasis energy retrofitting of current obsolete building stock. The complex assessment of used applied materials poses an important task and searching for an advanced approach is still a big challenge. On this account, the performed study contemplates the monetarization of all negative environmental externalities to support method towards acceptance of solution with long-term perspectives. Considering responsible attitude to environmental issues accompanied by whole service life of used materials. Obtained results revealed environmental costs of mineral wool production as a supporting tool for complex building retrofit assessment.
Motorisches Lernen in der neurologischen
Frührehabilitation
Authors: von Eichborn Felix , Draeger Eva-Christina
Published: September 2019

Motorisches Lernen ist eines der zentralen Ziele in den neurologischen
Frührehabilitationskliniken. Wie eine physiotherapeutische Behandlung auszusehen
hat, um einen maximalen Effekt in Bezug auf das motorische Lernen zu erzielen,
ist in den Leitlinien umrissen. Fraglich ist allerdings, ob im Bereich der
neurologischen Frührehabilitation die Voraussetzungen für ein solches Arbeiten
erfüllt sind.
Verbesserung motorischen Lernens in der
Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Wulf Gabriele , Lewthwaite Rebecca
Published: September 2019

Drei Faktoren haben großen Einfluss auf das motorische Lernen:
Leistungserwartung, Autonomie und externer Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit. Kommen sie
zusammen, addieren sie sich in ihrer Wirkung. Therapeuten können diese Effekte
in der neurologischen Rehabilitation leicht nutzen.
Einsatz und Effektivität von motorischen Lernprinzipien
gestern und heute
Authors: Starrost Klaus
Published: September 2019

Eigentlich liegt es doch auf der Hand, die Prinzipien des motorischen Lernens als
Grundlage der neurologischen Rehabilitation zu betrachten. Schließlich haben wir
es hier mit Patienten zu tun, die oftmals Aktivitäten wie Gehen oder Greifen
wiedererlernen oder andere Aktivitäten neu erlernen wollen oder müssen (z. B.
Rollstuhlfahren). Ein Blick in die Geschichte der Physiotherapie zeigt
allerdings, dass die Implementierung der Aspekte des motorischen Lernens
keineswegs geradlinig war, sondern langsam und fluktuierend verlief.
Klienten wollen mehr Alltag – Computergestützte Hirnleistungstrainings
Authors: Kroggel Lena
Published: September 2019

In ihrer Bachelorarbeit befragten die Ergotherapeutinnen Susann Grams und Sara Mondon erwachsene Klienten mit erworbenen kognitiven Einschränkungen zu ihren Erfahrungen mit computergestützten Hirnleistungstrainings. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass sich Klienten alltagsbezogene Übungen und eine moderne Gestaltung wünschen.
Die Rolle der Somatosensorik beim motorischen
Lernen
Authors: Krewer Carmen
Published: September 2019

Spezifische sensorische Informationen können das motorische Lernen unterstützen.
Das haben einige Studien gezeigt. Doch es funktioniert auch umgekehrt: Die
primär motorische Intervention hat einen positiven Effekt auf die sensorische
Wahrnehmungsleistung.
Mycotic and Bacterial Infections
Authors: Duldulao Phillip M. , Ortega Adrián E. , Delgadillo Xavier
Published: September 2019

This article reviews the salient clinical features, evaluation, and treatment of mycotic and bacterial infections of the perianal and contiguous zones of the human body.
Confirmation of Brain Death with Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Ozdemir Semra , Tan Yusuf Ziya , Ozturk Fulya Koc , Battal Fatih
Published: September 2019

After recent advances regarding organ transplantation, accurate and timely diagnosis of brain death has gained importance. In the diagnosis of brain death, in addition to clinical findings, various ancillary tests are very crucial. In this study, the scintigraphic imaging of the brain death of an 8-year-old girl with both Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been presented. This case study shows that 18F-FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging can be a useful technique in evaluating brain death in patients.
Annual Nationwide Infection Trends for Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Gold Peter A. , Garbarino Luke J. , Sodhi Nipun , Anis Hiba K. , Ehiorobo Joseph O. , Kurtz Steven M. , Danoff Jonathan R. , Rasquinha Vijay J. , Higuera Carlos A. , Mont Michael A.
Published: September 2019

Several recent intraoperative and wound management techniques have been developed and implemented in the United States over the past decade; however, it is unclear what the effects of these newer modalities have on reducing surgical site infection (SSI) rates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to track the annual rate and trends of (1) overall, (2) deep, and (3) superficial SSIs following revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all revision TKA cases performed between 2011 and 2016, which yielded 9,887 cases. Cases with superficial and/or deep SSIs were analyzed separately and then combined to evaluate overall SSI rates. After an overall 6-year correlation and trends analysis, univariate analysis was performed to compare the most recent year, 2016, with the preceding 5 years. Correlation coefficients and chi-square tests were used to determine correlation and statistical significance. No significant correlations between combined, deep, and/or superficial SSI rates and year were noted (p > 0.05). The lowest overall SSI incidence was in 2012 (1.16%), while the greatest incidence was in 2014 (1.76%). The deep SSI incidence over the 6 years was 0.67% (66 out of 9,887 cases). Deep SSI rate decreased by 10% in 2016 compared with 2011 (0.50 vs. 0.56%, p  > 0.05). In this 6-year period, 94 cases out of 9,887 were complicated by a superficial SSI, an incidence of 0.95%. The lowest superficial SSI incidence occurred in 2015 (n = 17, 0.77%). Overall, the incidence of SSIs in revision TKA has remained fairly low with some annual variance, indicating room for improvement. These variations likely as revision surgeries can be more complex and have several associated confounding factors influencing outcomes, when compared with primary cases. Further research is needed to identify revision-specific strategies to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Mapping of the HIDRA stellarator magnetic flux surfaces
Authors: Rizkallah Rabel , Marcinko Steven , Curreli Davide , Parsons Matthew S. , Bartlett Nathan , Gluck Raanan , Shone Andrew , Andruczyk Daniel
Published: September 2019

The Hybrid Illinois Device for Research and Applications (HIDRA) is a classical stellarator designed for conducting plasma material interaction experiments and developing novel Plasma Facing Components (PFCs). Notably, the testing of two open-channel liquid lithium PFCs is imminent. Determining the shape of the plasma and its magnetic structure inside HIDRA is essential to carry out these tests. For this, electron traces were captured to build up the images of the HIDRA magnetic flux surfaces for several magnetic configurations, following the same procedure previously employed on the WEGA stellarator coupling an electron gun with a fluorescent detector. The FIELDLINES code has then been used to generate computational surfaces matching the experimental results. The obtained surfaces were found to be subject to a similar n = 1 error field as the one observed on WEGA, suggesting that the origin of this error field is inherent to the HIDRA vacuum vessel. Also, the effect of adding a vertical field was investigated, demonstrating the ability to radially shift the magnetic axis and move to a regime free of low-order rational resonances. This additional control over the HIDRA plasma and magnetic structure allows more freedom in setting up the PFC tests in the limiter and divertor regions.
Simple exchange hole models for long-range-corrected density functionals
Authors: Laikov Dimitri N.
Published: September 2019

Density functionals with a range-separated treatment of the exchange energy are known to improve upon their semilocal forerunners and fixed-fraction hybrids. The conversion of a given semilocal functional into its short-range analog is not straightforward, however, and not even unique, because the latter has a higher information content that has to be recovered in some way. Simple models of the spherically averaged exchange hole as an interpolation between the uniform electron gas limit and a few-term Hermite function are developed here for use with generalized-gradient approximations, so that the energy density of the error-function-weighted Coulomb interaction is given by explicit closed-form expressions in terms of elementary and error functions. For comparison, some new nonoscillatory models in the spirit of earlier works are also built and studied; the energy densities from both kinds of models match rather closely (within less than 5%), but the latter slightly mismatches (by about 1%) the exact uniform electron gas limit.
Links between bismuth incorporation and surface reconstruction during GaAsBi growth probed by in situ measurements
Authors: Cornille C. , Arnoult A. , Gravelier Q. , Fontaine C.
Published: September 2019

Bismuth incorporation and surface reconstruction have been studied simultaneously during GaAsBi growth by molecular beam epitaxy by means of in situ wafer curvature monitoring and reflection high energy electron diffraction, respectively. Growth temperature and flux ratio have been varied successively. As/Ga atomic ratio close to unity has been applied for the study of the growth temperature effect. During the growth regime under the (1 × 3) reconstruction, Bi incorporation is found to be independent of the growth temperature, for temperatures where Bi desorption is insignificant. On the contrary, Bi incorporation becomes highly dependent on the growth temperature as soon as the (2 × 1) reconstruction regime is reached. Only for the lowest temperatures, the Bi incorporation reaches the same level during the (2 × 1) reconstruction than for the (1 × 3) reconstruction. When the As/Ga flux ratio is increased, the bismuth incorporation is observed to decrease for GaAsBi growth in the (2 × 1) reconstruction regime. Our results indicate that the (1 × 3) and (2 × 1) surface reconstructions are always successively observed and that an energy barrier has to overcome to transit from the (1 × 3) to the (2 × 1) reconstruction, with this mechanism being temperature dependent. Finally, a difference in surface stress with reconstruction has been identified.
Effect of size and shape of a moving charged object on the propagation characteristics of precursor solitons
Authors: Arora Garima , Bandyopadhyay P. , Hariprasad M. G. , Sen A.
Published: September 2019

We report on experimental observations of the modifications in the propagation characteristics of precursor solitons due to the different shapes and sizes of the object over which the dust fluid flows. The experiments have been performed in a Π shaped Dusty Plasma Experimental device where dusty plasma is created in a DC glow discharge Ar plasma using kaolin particles. A floating copper wire installed radially on the cathode acts as a charged object in the plasma environment. The flow on the dust fluid is initiated by suddenly lowering the potential of the charged object from grounded potential to close to floating potential. The size (height and width) of the potential hill is then varied by drawing current from the wire through a variable resistance. With a decrease in the height of the potential hill, the amplitude, velocity, and number of excited precursor solitons are found to decrease, whereas the widths of the solitons are seen to increase. It is found that below a threshold value, these solitary waves are not excited, and the dust fluid simply flows over the hill. To examine the effect due to the shape of the potential profiles, the wire is replaced by a triangular object. Only trailing wakes are seen to be excited when the dust fluid faces the linearly increasing slope of the potential profile, whereas both solitons and wakes get excited when the object is placed with the sharp edge facing the flow. All the experimental findings qualitatively agree with numerical solutions obtained with different source terms in the forced-Korteweg–de Vries model equation.