bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of Bertolotti’s syndrome in two adolescents and literature review
Authors: Louie Christopher E. , Hong Jennifer , Bauer David F.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Bertolotti’s syndrome is defined by back pain and/or radicular symptoms attributed to a congenital lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). There are few studies that discuss the surgical management of Bertolotti’s syndrome. Here, we report long-term outcomes after resecting a pseudoarthrosis between the sacrum and L5 in two teenage patients, along with a review of literature.

Case Descriptions:

Surgical resection of a lumbosacral bridging articulation (LSTV type IIa) was performed in two patients, 15 and 16 years of age who presented with intractable back pain. The adequacy of surgery was confirmed with postoperative studies. In both patients, pain and functional status improved within 6 weeks and have remained improved at last follow-up.

Conclusion:

Surgical removal of a pathologic L5 transverse process fused to the sacral ala in two young patients with Bertolotti’s syndrome improved postoperative pain and increased overall function. Given the progressive nature of Bertolotti’s syndrome, surgical intervention in young patients should be considered to mitigate years of chronic pain and attendant morbidity.
Unstable os odontoideum contributing to cervical myelopathy and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Malekmohammadi Zahed , Karimi Mona , Rahimizadeh Ava , Asgari Naser
Published: August 2019

Background:

Sleep apnea is characterized by repetitive cessation of breathing during sleep. It may be attributed to obstructive, central, or mixed pathologies close to the upper airway resulting in a decreased diameter of the oropharyngeal tract.

Case Description:

A 36-year-old male with progressive cervicomedullary myelopathy/quadriparesis exhibited obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) attributed to an anteriorly displaced os odontoideum (OO). Atlantoaxial screw-rod stabilization resulted in improvement of both neurological function and OSA.

Conclusion:

A symptomatic unstable OO may contribute to suboccipital pain, progressive quadriparesis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, and OSA. Appropriate operative intervention utilizing atlantoaxial screw-rod stabilization may help to resolve these deficits.
Transradial approach for endovascular diagnosis and treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: A descriptive study
Authors: Goland Javier , Doroszuk Gustavo
Published: August 2019

Background:

For cardiovascular procedures, the transradial approach has been documented to yield fewer complications than the femoral approach. It has become the approach of choice for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions involving the coronary arteries. However, few published data exist on using this approach for neuroendovascular procedures and we describe a series of ruptured cerebral aneurysms diagnosed and treated using the transradial approach.

Methods:

All patients scheduled for cerebral angiography to diagnose and treat subarachnoid hemorrhages at our hospital from June 2016 to May 2018, by right radial artery access, were recruited and followed prospectively. The main outcomes of interest were the length of the procedure (in minutes), the success of treatment, and the incidence of postprocedural complications.

Results:

Over the observation period, 59 patients (66% women, mean age = 48 years) with a combined 61 aneurysms treated were identified who met inclusion criteria. Of the 61 aneurysms treated, eight (13%) were within the posterior circulation (13%) and 53 (87%) the anterior circulation. Average procedural duration was 64.9 min. No occlusion or spasm of the radial artery was observed during any procedure. All patients had immediate pre- and post-embolization angiography, which revealed the guide catheter coming from the right subclavian artery. A radial pulse was evident after all interventions. All procedures were considered successful at treating the ruptured aneurysm, and no patient experienced a clinically significant complication related to the approach.

Conclusions:

The transradial approach is a viable option for the diagnosis and endovascular treatment of acute cerebral aneurysms in different locations.
Thoracic cryptococcal osteomyelitis mimicking tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Adsul Nitin , Kalra K. L. , Jain Nikhil , Haritwal Mukesh , Chahal R. S. , Acharya Shankar , Jain Sunila
Published: August 2019

Background:

Isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the spine is extremely uncommon; there have been only seven cases identified in literature. The majority were originally misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Here, we present a patient with cryptococcal osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine with associated fungal retinal deposits.

Case Description:

A 45-year-old, type II diabetic female presented with a 5-month history of severe back pain. Her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed osteomyelitis involving the T4 vertebral body with epidural and prevertebral extension; notably, the intervertebral disc spaces were not involved. Although the fine-needle aspiration cytologic examination was inconclusive, the patient was empirically placed on antitubercular drug therapy. One month later, she became fully paraplegic. The MRI now demonstrated osteolytic lesions involving the T4 vertebral body with cord compression. She underwent biopsy of the T4 vertebral body and a transfacet T4 decompression with T2-T6 pedicle screw fixation. Culture and histopathological examinations both documented a cryptococcal infection, and she was placed on appropriate antifungal therapy. Notably, 3 weeks after surgery, she developed a sudden loss of vision loss due to retinal fungal endophthalmitis. She recovered vision in one eye after the administration of intravitreal voriconazole but lost vision in the other eye despite a vitrectomy. Over the next 8 months, she gradually recovered with motor function of 4/5 in both lower extremities without evidence of recurrent disease.

Conclusion:

Cryptococcal infection should be among the differential diagnostic considerations for patients with vertebral osteomyelitis. Notably, diagnostic delay can lead to devastating neurological deficits and involvement of other organ systems.
Type I split cord malformation and tethered cord syndrome in an adult patient: A case report and literature review
Authors: D’Agostino Erin N. , Calnan Daniel R. , Makler Vyacheslav I. , Khan Imad , Kanter John H. , Bauer David F.
Published: August 2019

Background:

In a split cord malformation (SCM), the spinal cord is divided longitudinally into two distinct hemicords that later rejoin. This can result in a tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Rarely, TCS secondary to SCM presents in adulthood. Here, we present an adult female with Type I SCM resulting in TCS and a review of literature.

Case Description:

A 57-year-old female with a history of spina bifida occulta presented with a 2-year history of worsening back and left leg pain, difficulty with ambulation, and intermittent urinary incontinence; she had not responded to conservative therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tethered cord secondary to lumbar type I SCM. The patient underwent an L1–S1 laminectomy for resection of the bony septum with cord detethering. At 2-month follow-up, the patient had improvement in her motor symptoms and less pain. In literature, 25 cases of adult-onset surgically managed SCM with TCS were identified (between 1936 and 2018). Patients averaged 37 years of age at the time of diagnosis, and 56% were female.

Conclusion:

TCS can present secondary to SCM in adulthood and is characterized predominantly by back and leg pain.
Conditions associated with giant pituitary tumors at the time of surgery effecting outcome morbidity and mortality
Authors: Billings Marc , Dahlin Robert , Zampella Bailey , Sweiss Raed , Lawandy Shokry , Miulli Dan
Published: August 2019

Background:

Surgical outcome prediction has assisted physicians in discussing surgical intervention or expectant management. While increasing pituitary tumor size would seem to be associated with increasing challenge of removal and associated complications, that relationship has not been borne in the literature.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive cohort of pituitary surgeries completed at our institution. Data included age at the time of surgery, presenting symptoms and Glasgow Coma scale (GCS), GCS at discharge or 7 days postoperatively, GCS at 6 months, adenoma size, imaging characteristics of the tumor and brain before resection, postoperative complications, the presence of preoperative hydrocephalus, brainstem compression, and patient mortality.

Results:

Patients with giant adenomas were more likely to present with a cranial nerve palsy (P = 0.019), altered mental status (P = 0.0001), hydrocephalus (P = 0.002), and mass effect on the brainstem (P = 0.020). Patients who experienced a postoperative decline in mental status were more likely to present with altered mental (P = 0.006), had an increased prevalence of mass effect on the brainstem (P = 0.005), and were more likely to have either an ischemic stroke (P = 0.0001) and vasospasms or new intraparenchymal hemorrhage (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrate that postoperative mental status declines after pituitary adenoma resection can be directly related to brainstem compression and further surgical irritation of the surrounding vasculature. The intraoperative irritation can be multifactorial and may result as the decompressed brain structures assume their anatomical position.
A challenging case of concurrent multiple sclerosis and anaplastic astrocytoma
Authors: Sinclair Georges , Al-saffar Yahya , Johnstone Philippa , Hatiboglu Mustafa Aziz , Shamikh Alia
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cases of gliomas coexisting with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described over the past few decades. However, due to the complex clinical and radiological traits inherent to both entities, this concurrent phenomenon remains difficult to diagnose. Much has been debated about whether this coexistence is incidental or mirrors a poorly understood neoplastic phenomenon engaging glial cells in the regions of demyelination.

Case Description:

We present the case of a 41-year-old patient diagnosed with a left-sided frontal contrast enhancing lesion initially assessed as a tumefactive MS. Despite systemic treatment, the patient gradually developed signs of mass effect, which led to decompressive surgery. The initial microscopic evaluation demonstrated the presence of MS and oligodendroglioma; the postoperative evolution proved complex due to a series of MS-relapses and tumor recurrence. An ulterior revaluation of the samples for the purpose of this report showed an MS-concurrent anaplastic astrocytoma. We describe all relevant clinical aspects of this case and review the medical literature for possible causal mechanisms.

Conclusion:

Although cases of concurrent glioma and MS remain rare, we present a case illustrating this phenomenon and explore a number of theories behind a potential causal relationship.
Resection of a lateral supratentorial endodermal cyst complicated by postoperative seizures: A case report
Authors: Nagata Keisuke , Kiyofuji Satoshi , Yokoyama Munehiro , Sora Shigeo
Published: August 2019

Background:

Endodermal cysts are uncommon cystic lesions usually located at the ventral aspects of the spine. A lateral supratentorial location of such cysts is extremely rare. A unique case of a lateral supratentorial endodermal cyst that required surgical intervention due to uncal herniation, complicated with postoperative seizures, is presented.

Case Description:

A 48-year-old man presented with transient motor aphasia and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic lesion occupying the left frontal and temporal convexity with midline shift and uncal herniation. Cyst resection was performed, and cyst contents with mucous-like components were aspirated. Histopathological examination showed an endodermal cyst. The patient showed no neurological deficits immediately after surgery but developed tonic-clonic seizures 9 h after surgery. Sedation and intubation were required to control the seizures. After administering multiple antiepileptic drugs, he was extubated on the 5th day after surgery. He was discharged home in a month with mild impairment in dexterity of his right hand.

Conclusions:

Surgical intervention for endodermal cysts can be complicated by postoperative seizures caused by chemical irritation of brain cortex due to spillage of cyst contents. It is important to irrigate the cyst wall very well intraoperatively and pay attention not to spill the cyst fluid to unaffected locations. Preoperative administration of antiepileptic drugs should also be considered if endodermal cysts, not simple arachnoid cysts, are suspected preoperatively.
Cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy – Analysis of complication rates and neurological outcomes: A single center study
Authors: Singh Saraj , Singh Rakesh , Jain Kapil , Walia Bipin
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cranioplasty is the surgical intervention to repair cranial defects in both cosmetic and functional ways. Despite the fact that cranioplasty is a simple procedure, it is still associated with a relatively high complication rate, ranging between series from 12% to 50%.

Methods:

The author did a prospective cohort study of patients from August 2015 to December 2017, who had undergone decompressive craniectomy followed by cranioplasty after 6 weeks at our institution. All patients were followed up to 6 months after cranioplasty and complications were recorded both by imaging and clinically. The complications were classified as minor (subgaleal collection, seizures) who did not require the second surgery and major (hydrocephalus, bone flap infection) who required the second surgery. To find out neurological outcome, Glasgow coma score (GCS) and Glasgow outcome scale extended (GOSE) were recorded at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results:

Overall complication rate in this study was 22.4% (16/72). Subgaleal collection was the most common complication (5.6%), followed by hydrocephalus (4.2%), seizure (4.2%), bone flap infection (2.8%), intracerebral hematoma (2.8%), empyema (1.4%), and subdural hematoma (SDH) (1.4%). Of these, 8.4% (n= 6/72) were major complication (hydrocephalusn= 3, bone flap infectionn= 2, and SDHn= 1) which required the second surgery. GCS and GOSE were assessed preoperatively and in postoperative period at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Both mean values of GCS and GOSE showed a significant improvement at 3 and 6 months after cranioplasty.

Conclusion:

Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy is associated with higher complication rate, but good neurological outcome after surgery always outweighs the complications.

Key Message:

Cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy is associated with higher complication rate, but good neurological outcome after surgery always outweighs the complications. However, complications rate can be brought down by meticulous timing of cranioplasty in a patient of well-controlled comorbidities and precise surgical techniques. However, storing bone in bone bank is not an additional factor for any postcranioplasty complications which was considered previously.
Intraoperative tension pneumothorax during posterior vertebral column resection in a child with congenital scoliosis
Authors: Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Hassani Valiollah , Mohsenikabir Nima , Rahimizadeh Ava , Karimi Mona , Asgari Naser
Published: August 2019

Background:

Intraoperative tension pneumothorax (TPT) is extremely rare in spinal surgery overall and particularly in extensive deformity procedures. Here, we report a TPT occurring in conjunction with posterior vertebral column resection (pVCR) for the treatment of congenital scoliosis.

Case Description:

A 12-year-old female undergoing congenital thoracic scoliosis surgery (e.g., pVCR) developed abrupt intraoperative increases in airway pressure and compromised hemodynamics that led to a TPT. This was directly attributed to an inadvertent pleural tear. Temporary drainage of the accumulated air was accomplished with a urethral catheter inserted directly into the pleural cavity. This was later supplemented with a standard chest tube. The child quickly improved and was routinely discharged a few days later.

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing pVCR, if the surgical team is faced with unexplained hemodynamic instability and increased airway resistance, a TPT should be strongly suspected and appropriately managed.
The devastating Venezuelan crisis
Authors: Venezuelan A. , Ausman James
Published: August 2019

The Venezuelan crisis is filling the headlines and truly deserves the world’s attention. It is a wake-up call to all as it holds relevant lessons for both developing and developed countries. The country suffers a severe humanitarian crisis. Its economy has declined at a faster pace than any other peacetime economy worldwide. Hardship and repression have led millions to flee the country creating a refugee crisis in Colombia and other neighboring countries, and millions more are expected to flee unless conditions improve. It raises serious security concerns in the whole Western Hemisphere. The country of Venezuela sits on and owns the largest oil reserves in the world. Oil helps explain the “rent-seeking” behavior that is at the root of this crisis. (“Rent-seeking” is simply getting money from the government for the oil it sells and giving little or nothing back to the government in return. -EEd) However, oil cannot be blamed for this crisis – it helped Venezuela get out of the poverty trap and become a modern democratic society in the 20th century. This crisis comes from the perverse combination of bad politics, bad policy, and corruption that besieged the country over the last 20 years. Since he was elected in 1998, Hugo Chávez paved the way to authoritarianism while making the economy more vulnerable to the ups and downs of oil prices. Chávez died in early 2013. When Nicolás Maduro, his anointed heir, was elected to succeed him, the economy was in bad shape and institutions were already weak, but problems had been papered over thanks to high oil prices and the money the government made from its sale. When oil prices were high worldwide, Venezuelan governments did not save money for possible future economic losses. When oil prices began falling in 2014 and threatened the money from “rent-seeking” by many Venezuelans, Maduro chose the road to overt authoritarianism instead of seeking to restore the basics of an open society and a prosperous economy: the rule of law, property rights, transparency, prudent fiscal and monetary policy, and essential public goods such as education, health, housing, transportation, and infrastructure. This paper is a brief history of how the present Crisis in Venezuela developed and how it can be reasonably resolved. The Venezuelan people are suffering. There are lessons here for everyone in the world (A Venezuelan and James Ausman).
Cervical alignment following laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Borkar Sachin A. , Phalak Manoj , Joseph S. Leve , Kale Shashank S.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Laminoplasty can result in the loss of cervical lordosis (LOCL) or the development of kyphosis after surgery. Here, we evaluated the clinical and radiological parameters involved in predicting the postoperative LOCL following laminoplasty in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Methods:

For 50 patients with CSM and 35 with OPLL undergoing laminoplasty, preoperative and 1-year postoperative X-rays were obtained to determine the incidence and risk factors contributing to postoperative LOCL. The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether the preoperative T1 slope was above or below the median preoperative T1S (26°); Group A – high T1 slope group (n = 40) and Group B – low T1 slope group (n = 45).

Results:

Following laminoplasty, Group A patients had significantly higher preoperative lordosis (C2-C7 Cobb’s angle) (P = 0.001) and significantly higher LOCL (P = 0.02) versus Group B patients with low T1 slopes. The preoperative T1 slope was also found to be significantly correlated with the preoperative C2-C7 Cobb’s angles (R = 0.619, P = 0.001), LOCL (R = 0.487, P = 0.001), and preoperative C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (R = 0.480, P = 0.001). Utilizing multivariate analysis and a generalized linear model, the preoperative T1 slope significantly impacted the Oswestry disability index (ODI) index (P = 0.002) and frequency of LOCL (P = 0.001) following laminoplasty.

Conclusion:

The preoperative T1 slope is a significant predictor of the LOCL and change in ODI following laminoplasty for CSM/OPLL utilizing a cutoff value of 29.5°.
Viruses and tumor cell microenvironment: A brief summary
Authors: Blaylock Russell L.
Published: August 2019

An infectious etiology for a number of cancers has been entertained for over 100 years and modern studies have confirmed that a number of viruses are linked to cancer induction. While a large number of viruses have been demonstrated in a number of types of cancers, most such findings have been dismissed in the past as opportunistic infections, especially with persistent viruses with high rates of infectivity of the world’s populations. More recent studies have clearly shown that while not definitely causing these cancers, these viruses appear capable of affecting the biology of these tumors in such a way as to make them more aggressive and more resistant to conventional treatments. The term oncomodulatory viruses have been used to describe this phenomenon. A number of recent studies have shown a growing number of ways; these oncomodulatory viruses can alter the pathology of these tumors by affecting cell signaling, cell metabolism, apoptosis mechanisms, cell-cell communication, inflammation, antitumor immunity suppression, and angiogenesis. We are also learning that much of the behavior of tumors depends on cancer stem cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment, which participate in extensive, dynamic crosstalk known to affect tumor behavior. Cancer stem cells have been found to be particularly susceptible to infection by human cytomegaloviruses. In a number of studies, it has been shown that while only a select number of cells are actually infected with the virus, numerous viral proteins are released into the cancer and stromal cells in the microenvironment and these viral proteins are known to affect tumor behavior and aggressiveness.
Technical report: Simple method of animal stroke model of luminal occlusion of middle cerebral artery in Indonesia
Authors: Makkiyah Feda Anisah , Sadewo Wismaji
Published: August 2019

Background:

Although there are many experimental studies describing the suture method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats, this is still a new procedure in Indonesia and the techniques for applying this stroke model in animal research are not well known. There has been a perception in Indonesian scientific community that the technique would be difficult and require advanced equipment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that it is possible to perform the technique with minimal resources using simple method and basic surgical loupe equipment.

Methods:

A total of 30 male Wistar rats, aged 6 months, weighing 250 g–400 g Wistar rats, were obtained from the Bandung Biofarma Pasteur. Preliminary trials were performed to gain an understanding of the detailed anatomy of the animals and to master the techniques. An ×8 loupe magnification was used for all surgical steps in this study except taking of surgical operation photos. The procedures applied simple methods, using two loop temporary knots instead of any animal vascular clips.

Results:

After an extensive training period, two of the 30 rats died within 4 weeks after the procedure. The effects of MCAO were confirmed clinically and by hematoxylin-eosin staining pathology slides.

Conclusion:

With simple methods, this MCAO procedure could be implemented in developing countries such as Indonesia without the requirement for advanced equipment.
Quantum Chemical Modeling of Pressure-Induced Spin Crossover in Octahedral Metal-Ligand Complexes
Authors: Stauch Tim , Chakraborty Romit , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: August 2019

Spin state switching on external stimuli is a phenomenon with wide applicability ranging from molecular electronics to gas activation in nanoporous frameworks. Here we model spin crossover as a function of hydrostatic pressure in octahedrally coordinated transition metal centers by applying a field of effective nuclear forces that compress the molecule towards its centroid. For spin crossover in first-row transition metals coordinated by hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, we find the pressure required for spin transition to be a function of ligand position in the spectrochemical sequence. While pressures on the order of 1 GPa are required to flip spins in homogeneously ligated octahedral sites, we demonstrate a five-fold decrease in spin transition pressure for the archetypal strong field ligand carbon monoxide in octahedrally coordinated Fe2+ in [Fe(II)(NH3)5CO]2+.
Aprendizagem de gráficos de cinemática por meio da videoanálise associada à metodologia peer instruction
Authors: Barros Mariana De Almeida Jotta
Published: August 2019

A interpretação de gráficos pode ser considerada uma habilidade integradora no cotidiano visto que diversas áreas do conhecimento utilizam dados e informações representados na forma de gráficos. Devido às dificuldades apresentadas na leitura de gráficos pelos alunos é proposto neste trabalho uma sequência didática que utiliza a videoanálise associada à metodologia peer instruction conhecida como “aprendizagem por pares” em português (MÜLLER 2017). A sequência didática foi organizada em cinco etapas, das quais foram necessárias nove aulas, podendo ser uma alternativa de experimentação para escolas que não possuem laboratório didático. A metodologia foi avaliada através da aplicação do teste conceitual TUG-K v4.0 como pré-teste e como pós-teste. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados com a finalidade de medir o ganho de Hake, e assim fazer um tratamento qualitativo e quantitativo dos dados. Os ganhos de Hake mostram que alunos expostos à metodologia do presente trabalho apresentaram ganhos semelhantes ao que Mazur (2015) espera de alunos submetidos à aula tradicional. Apesar disso, a proposta permite que os alunos ganhem mais espaço como protagonistas do processo de ensino e aprendizagem e abre as portas para a experimentação em ambientes desprovidos de laboratórios didáticos.
O Ensino de Física e Matemática sob a Ótica da Neuroeducação
Authors: Evangelista Fábio Lombardo
Published: August 2019

Sob a ótica dos conceitos da neuroeducação e baseado nas Abordagens Metodológicas Peer Instruction e Scale-up, apresenta-se uma proposta de projeto de ensino de física e matemática que utiliza-se da experimentação tecnológica como base para ensinar aos alunos conceitos de física e matemática, levando em consideração que o aluno é o sujeito ativo em sala e cinco níveis de interação a serem estudados: aluno-aluno, aluno-professor, aluno-ambiente, aluno-tecnologia, aluno-saber científico. A inserção tecnológica no processo de aprendizagem promove inúmeras possibilidades de inovação educacional, porém, torna-se mandatório a correta escolha do estímulo tecnológico dentro de um contexto educacional que direcione ao ensino de uma matéria específica, de forma a conduzir a um aprendizado específico.
Perilaku Menyimpang Studi Kasus Perilaku Seks diluar Nikah Mahasiswa Kos-Kosan Alauddin Kelurahan Mangasa Kecamatan Tamalate Kota Makassar
Authors: Nur Syahban
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus yang bertujuan (i) untuk menganalisis terjadinya perilaku seks diluar nikah pada mahasiswa kos-kosan di daerah Alauddin, (ii) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya perilaku seks diluar nikah pada mahasiswa kos-kosan di daerah Alauddin, (iii) untuk mengetahui tanggapan tokoh masyarakat terhadap perilaku seks diluar nikah pada mahasiswa di daerah Alauddin. Adapun populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa kos-kosan di daerah alaudin dan pengambilan sampel mengunakan teknik penentuan informan linear snowball sampling Metode pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya perilaku seks diluar nikah pada mahasiswa kos-kosan daerah Alaudin karena disebabkan oleh kurangnya kontrol dari pemilik kos, orang tua dan kekuatan cinta sehingga perilaku seks tersebut marak terjadi dikalangan mahasiswa khususnya mahasiswa kos-kosan daerah Alauddin, Faktor determinan yang menjadi penyebab munculnya perilaku seks diluar nikah adalah faktor internal karena benturan ekonomi dari mahasiswa itu sendiri, perasan cinta, kontrol pemilik kos, tanggapan tokoh masyarakat terkait perilaku seks diluar nikah pada mahasiswa kos-kosan daerah Alauddin adalah kurangnya respon masyarakat terhadap perilaku seks yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa.
Pengaruh Status Sosial Dan Kondisi Ekonomi Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar IPS Siswa
Authors: Sidik Ramdani
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Untuk mengetahui apakah status sosial berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar IPS siswa SDN 8 Maccope Kabupaten Soppeng. (2) Untuk mengetahui apakah kondisi ekonomi orang tua berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar IPS siswa SDN 8 Maccope Kabupaten Soppeng. (3) Untuk mengetahui apakah status sosial dan kondisi ekonomi orang tua berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar IPS siswa SDN 8 Maccope Kabupaten Soppeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas IV, V dan VI SDN 8 Maccope Kabupaten Soppeng yang berjumlah 106 siswa dan 106 orangtua siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah dengan teknik probality atau penentuan yang mana setiap bagian ditarik sampel sebagian siswa yang nilai prestasinya dalam kategori rendah dan kategori tinggi. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui angket, tes dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara status sosial dengan prestasi belajar IPS siswa kelas IV, V dan VI SDN 8 MaccopeKabupaten Soppeng. Kedua, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara kondisi ekonomi orang tua dengan prestasi belajar IPS siswa kelas IV, V dan VI SDN 8 Maccope Kabupaten Soppeng. Ketiga,terdapat pengaruh yang positif secara bersama-sama antara status sosial dan kondisi ekonomi orang tua dengan prestasi belajar IPS siswa kelas IV, V dan VI SDN 8 Maccope Kabupaten Soppeng.
Enterovirus D68 serosurvey: evidence for endemic circulation in the Netherlands, 2006 to 2016
Authors: Karelehto Eveliina , Koen Gerrit , Benschop Kimberley , van der Klis Fiona , Pajkrt Dasja , Wolthers Katja
Published: August 2019

Background

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has caused major outbreaks of severe respiratory illness worldwide since 2010.

Aim

Our aim was to evaluate EV-D68 circulation in the Netherlands by conducting a serosurvey of EV-D68 neutralising antibodies (nAb) among the Dutch general population.

Methods

We screened 280 sera from children and adults in the Netherlands and used two independent sets of samples collected in the years 2006 and 2007 and in the years 2015 and 2016, time points before and after the first EV-D68 upsurge in 2010. Neutralisation capacity of the sera was tested against the prototype Fermon EV-D68 strain isolated in 1962 and against a recent EV-D68 strain (genotype B3) isolated in France in 2016.

Results

Regardless of the time of serum collection, we found remarkably high overall seropositivity (94.3–98.3%) for nAb against both EV-D68 strains. Geometric mean titres increased in an age-dependent manner.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that EV-D68 has been circulating in the Netherlands for decades and that the enterovirus surveillance does not accurately capture the prevalence of this clinically relevant pathogen.
Outbreak of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning associated with consumption of mussels, United Kingdom, May to June 2019
Authors: Young Nick , Robin Charlotte , Kwiatkowska Rachel , Beck Charles , Mellon Dominic , Edwards Penelope , Turner Jonathan , Nicholls Paul , Fearby Gavin , Lewis Debbie , Hallett Douglas , Bishop Tracy , Smith Tracey , Hyndford Russell , Coates Lewis , Turner Andrew
Published: August 2019

We report on six cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning following consumption of mussels harvested in the United Kingdom. Dinophysis spp. in the water column was found to have increased rapidly at the production site resulting in high levels of okadaic acid-group lipophilic toxins in the flesh of consumed mussels. Clinicians and public health professionals should remain aware of algal-derived toxins being a potential cause of illness following seafood consumption.
Nonlinear Deterministic Study of Seismic Microzoning of a City in North of Algeria
Authors: Bousbia Badreddine , Sbartai Badreddine
Published: August 2019

This paper presents also an overview of seismic microzonation studies of the city of Mohammadia-Algiers, which are important for a detailed ground movement modeling of urban cities. According to the seismic history of the city, one extraordinary earthquake event has been taken into consideration is Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May 21, 2003, magnitude Mw=6.5), that caused a huge damage. Thereby, the variability prediction of the seismic ground movement in a given built-up area, it is considered as an effective tool for planning appropriate urban development and understanding both seismic risk and damage pattern, caused by a strong movement event. We note that the shaking level is mainly described in terms of both maximum ground acceleration and visualized amplification by using response spectra. The study is carried out in two steps: - a detailed mapping of the geology and geotechnical properties of the area - numerical modeling of expected ground motions during earthquakes. A qualitative microzonation of the Mohammadia-Algiers city is presented, and it is discussed by comparing it to the historically reported damage of the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake. Finally, this study deals with the seismic microzonation map development, based on a SIG geological model.
Performance Assessment of Screw Piles Embedded in Soft Clay
Authors: Ali Omar Kareem , Abbas Hassan O.
Published: August 2019

Screw piles are widely used in a variety engineering applications supplying stability against compression, overturning moment, uplift tension, and horizontal loads. Screw pile is a famous solution for support light structures, roads and rail signs which have relatively low-capacity foundation. In this study, the behavior of circular (10) mm solid screw pile models embedded in a bed of soft clay soil covering a layer of sandy soil has been studied. The 200 mm thick sand layer was compacted in a steel container with a diameter of 300 mm into four sublayers. The sandy soil layer was compacted at a relative density of 70%. The 300 mm thick soft clay soil bed with Cu (30) kPa was compacted in six sub-layers on the sandy bottom layer. Model tests are carried out with screw piles with a length of 300 mm, 350 mm and 400 mm and a helix diameter of 30 mm. Also, single and double helix and different S/Dh ratio were used for these piles and a comparative study between screw piles and ordinary piles (without helices) is accomplished. This study revealed that introducing screw pile of double helix increases its bearing capacity in soft clay soil by up to a (4-8) % as compared to a single helix screw pile. The results showed that the behavior of screw pile essentially depends on the geometric properties of the pile. According to the achievements, compressive load capacity of screw piles depends on embedded length, spacing ratio (S/Dh) and number of helical plates.
Improving Equipment Reliability and System Maintenance and Repair Efficiency
Authors: Rusin Alexander , Baryshev Yakov
Published: August 2019

Mean time to failure of modern machinery and equipment, their individual parts and components can be calculated over the years. Methods for determining the optimal frequency of maintenance and repair, based on the collection and processing of information about the reliability of industrial facilities, during their testing in laboratories and at special sites, as well as through long, operational tests require considerable time and become expensive. The purpose of this work is to develop methods for processing information about the reliability of equipment in automated systems for maintenance and repair, which will reduce the time to collect information on equipment failures and improve the cost-effectiveness of maintenance and repair. Small, multiple-censored right-side samples of equipment operating time for failure are formed as a result of failure data collection in an automated system for equipment maintenance and repair. Calculation of reliability indicators for such samples is performed using the maximum likelihood estimation method. The article presents experimental studies of the accuracy of the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameter of the exponential distribution law for small, multiple right-censored samples. The studies were carried out by computer modeling of censored samples, similar to samples that are formed when monitoring equipment during operation. Methods of simulation modeling of random processes on a computer and methods of regression analysis were used. Analysis show that most of the maximum likelihood estimates obtained from small, multiple-censored right-side samples have significant deviations from the true values. A technique for improving the accuracy of maximum likelihood estimates is proposed. The scientific novelty is regression models are constructed that establish the relationship between the deviation of the maximum likelihood estimate from the true value and the parameters characterizing the sample structure. These models calculate and introduce corrections to maximum likelihood estimates. The use of the developed regression models will reduce the time to collect information about the reliability of the equipment, while maintaining the reliability of the results.
Experimental Investigation on Efficiency Factor of Pile Groups Regarding Distance of Piles
Authors: Pashayan Mojtaba , Moradi Gholam
Published: August 2019

There are a lot of the parameters which affect pile group behavior in soil. One of these factors is the distance of piles from each other. The impact of distance on pile groups in sand has been investigated through some researches, whereas most of them have not represented an exact estimation according to the continuous change of the distance in sand. Moreover, most of previous investigations have considered two piles as a perfect group. Since two-pile group has the least interaction effect among piles, it cannot suitably demonstrate the influence of spacing. In this lecture, several 4-pile groups modeled with different spacing were subjected to axial loading in laboratory. The pile groups were free-head with length to diameter ratio of 13.5. The piles are designed in a way which the shaft resistance of piles can be completely mobilized through the test. Then, the bearing capacities of pile groups are measured and compared with the single pile's resistance in order to calculate the efficiency coefficient of the groups. It is revealed that the distance is noticeably effective in efficiency factor and this effectiveness, non-linearly decreases by increase of spacing. The results show that the efficiency coefficient is changing between almost 1 and 1.4.
Optimum Efficiency of PV Panel Using Genetic Algorithms to Touch Proximate Zero Energy House (NZEH)
Authors: Ahmed Bdoor Majed , Farman ALhialy Nibal Fadel
Published: August 2019

By optimizing the efficiency of a modular simulation model of the PV module structure by genetic algorithm, under several weather conditions, as a portion of recognizing the ideal plan of a Near Zero Energy Household (NZEH), an ideal life cycle cost can be performed. The optimum design from combinations of NZEH-variable designs, are construction positioning, window-to-wall proportion, and glazing categories, which will help maximize the energy created by photovoltaic panels. Comprehensive simulation technique and modeling are utilized in the solar module I-V and for P-V output power. Both of them are constructed on the famous five-parameter model.  In addition, the efficiency of the PV panel is established by the genetic algorithm under the standard test conditions (STC) and a comparison between the theoretical and experimental results is done to achieve maximum performance ranging from 0.15 to 0.16, particularly with an error of about - 0.333 for an experimental power of 30 Watts compared with the theoretical power of 30.1 Watts.  The results obtained by the genetic algorithm give the best value for efficiency at the range of 16% to 17% of solar radiation, from 500–600 W/m2. These values are almost identical to the efficiency obtained from the results of the operation, where the best value for efficiency in the experimental results was seen to be 15.7%.
Digital Performance of OCTO Layout Style on SOI MOSFET at High Temperature Environment
Authors: Galembeck Egon Henrique Salerno , Flandre Denis , Renaux Christian , Gimenez Salvador Pinillos
Published: August 2019

This present paper performs an experimental comparative study of the main digital parameters and figures of merit of the octagonal layout style for the planar Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET), named OCTO SOI MOSFETs (OSM) in comparison with the typical rectangular one at high temperature environments. The devices were manufactured with the 1 mm SOI (CMOS) technology. The results demonstrate that the OSM is capable of keeping active the Longitudinal Corner Effect (LCE), the PArallel Connection of MOSFETs with Different Channel Lengths Effect (PAMDLE) and the Deactivate the Parasitic MOSFETs of the Bird’s Beak Regions Effect (DEPAMBBRE) at high temperature conditions. Therefore, the OSM is able to continue to have a better electrical performance than the one found in the rectangular SOI MOSFET (RSM) counterparts, regarding the same gate areas and bias conditions.  To illustrate, its on-state drain current (ION) and off-state drain current (IOFF) are respectively 186% higher and 64% smaller in relation to its RSM counterparts at high temperature conditions.
FinFET SRAM cell with improved stability and power for low power applications.
Authors: Birla Shilpi
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a new 11T SRAM cell using Double gate FET (FinFET technology) has been proposed, cell basic component is the 6T SRAM cell with 4 NMOS access transistors to improve the stability over CMOSFET circuits and also makes it a dual port memory cell. The proposed cell also used a header scheme in which one extra PMOS transistor is used which is biased at different voltages to improve the read and write stability which helps in reducing the leakage current, active power. The cell shows improvement in RSNM (Read Static Noise Margin) with LP8T by 2.39x at threshold and subthreshold voltage 2.68x with D6T SRAM cell, 5.5x with TG8T. The WSNM (Write Static Noise Margin) and HM (Hold Margin) of the SRAM cell at 0.9V is 306mV and 384mV.At subthreshold operation also, it shows improvement. The Leakage power reduced by 0.125x with LP8T, 0.022x with D6T SRAM cell, TG8T and SE8T. Impact of process variation on cell stability also been analyzed.
PLANIFICACIÓN DE SISTEMAS DE ÁREAS VERDES Y PARQUES PÚBLICOS
Authors: Flores-Xolocotzi Ramiro , González-Guillén Manuel de Jesús
Published: August 2019

El análisis de algunos sistemas de áreas verdes y parques públicos de Curitiba (Brasil), Ciudad de México (México), Madrid (España), Nueva York (Estados Unidos de América) y Santiago (Chile) evidencia problemas comunes como el déficit de superficie verde, la inseguridad y los riesgos de exclusión social. A lo anterior se añade la ausencia de valor monetario de los servicios que prestan dichos sistemas naturales como recreación y conservación. En conjunto, son factores importantes en la asignación de territorios destinados a este uso con respecto a otros. Por lo tanto, se propone desarrollar una tipología de áreas verdes adecuada a las necesidades de cada ciudad o región metropolitana. Con ella se facilitará la realización de inventarios que estimen indicadores sociales, económicos y ambientales; además de incorporar nuevas tecnologías como los Sistemas de Información Geográfica y medios informativos de Internet que apoyen la gestión. En la planificación de parques en particular, es muy importante la participación ciudadana como estrategia básica para resolver las situaciones difíciles que se presentan en las grandes urbes; deben asegurarle procesos incluyentes, en especial para cubrir demandas de esparcimiento de grupos sociales vulnerables. Se sugiere calcular los valores monetarios relacionados con la recreación y la conservación a través de métodos de economía ambiental. Se concluye que es necesario abordar la planificación verde con fundamento en estudios económicos, sociales y ecológicos que fomenten el involucramiento de la sociedad en esa tarea.
Strategi Adaptasi Pasar Tradisional Dalam Menghadapi Ancaman Ekonomi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean di Indonesia
Authors: Pangiuk Ambok
Published: August 2019

Pasar Ekonomi ASEAN (Asean Economic Market) adalah bentuk integrasi ekonomi regional pada tahun 2020. Dengan pencapaian ini, ASEAN akan menjadi pasar tunggal dan produksi berdasarkan aliran barang, jasa, investasi, dan tenaga kerja terampil. Aliran komoditas dan faktor-faktor produksi diperkirakan akan meningkat di bidang pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan ekonomi yang adil, dan untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan dan perbedaan sosial-ekonomi di kawasan ASEAN. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi adaptasi baru dari kebijakan ekonomi yang didasarkan pada kemampuan mengenali potensi Indonesia. Kemampuan sinergi pemerintah dan pasar diharapkan dapat memperkuat daya saing ekonomi nasional, yang menurut perjanjian pada 2015 akan menghadapi tantangan penyatuan pasar ekonomi ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk meneliti Strategi Adaptasi Pasar Tradisional dan Pemerintah Kota dalam Anggar Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (EAC).
Perbandingan Kinerja Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Muwazir Mohd Rizal , Anwar Deky , Ab Ghani Ab Mumin
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kinerja antara Bank Umum Syariah (BUS), Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) dan Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Syariah (BPRS), kemudian menentukan manakah jenis bank syariah yang memiliki kinerja yang lebih efisien, minim risiko operasional dan mampu menciptakan keuntungan yang lebih baik. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah BOPO sebagai proxy dari efisiensi, NPF sebagai proxy dari risiko, dan ROA sebagai proxy dari tingkat keuntungan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. One Way Anova digunakan sebagai alat untuk menguji perbedaan rata-rata kinerja antara jenis perbankan syariah. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa periode Januari 2015 sampai dengan September 2017 terdapat perbedaan kinerja antara BUS, UUS dan BPRS. Sedangkan perbankan syariah yang memiliki kinerja yang lbih baik adaah UUS dalam hal efisisnes dan pengelolaan risiko, sedangkan unutk kemapauan menghasilakan keuntungan BPRS adalah kenis perbankan syraiah yang memeiliki kinjera terbaik. Sedangkan BUS adalah jenis perbanakn syaraih dengan kinjer terendah dalam semua aspek. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keunggulan UUS dalam hal efisiensi dan risiko operasional disebabkan karena sebagian biaya operasional dan risiko operasionalnya dibebankan kepada bank induk yakni bank konvensional, sehingga UUS bisa beroperasi secara efisien dan minim risiko. Sedangkan BPRS yang memiliki tingkat keuntungan (ROA) yang paling tinggi dapat difahami bahwa BPRS memiliki persentase margin dan nisbah bagi hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan UUS dan BUS.