bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible longitudinal magnetization contrast in spectrally overlapped 3D‐MSI metal artifact reduction sequences: Technical considerations and clinical impact
Authors: Koch Kevin M. , Koff Matthew F. , Shah Parina H. , Kanwischer Adriana , Gui Dawei , Potter Hollis G.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

It has previously been demonstrated that increased overlap of spectral bins in three‐dimensional multispectral imaging techniques (3D‐MSI) can aid in reducing residual artifacts near metal implants. However, increasing spectral overlap also necessitates consideration of saturation effects for species with long T1 values. Here, an interleaved spectral bin acquisition strategy is presented for overlapping 3D‐MSI that allows for flexible choice of repetition times while simultaneously addressing these cross talk concerns.

Methods

A phantom imaging experiment is used to illustrate the amplified effect of cross talk on 3D‐MSI acquisitions. A methodological approach to address cross talk across a variety of prescribed repetition times is then described. Using the presented principles, a clinical subject with a total hip replacement was imaged to generate T1, proton density, and short‐tau inversion recovery contrasts. In addition, a fracture instrumentation case was imaged pre‐ and postcontrast using T1‐weighted spectrally overlapped 3D‐MSI.

Results

Phantom results demonstrate that conventional spectral interleaving approaches can generate unwanted signal characteristics in heavily overlapped 3D‐MSI. Clinical images using the presented methods successfully demonstrate T1, proton density, and inversion recovery image contrasts using heavily overlapped 3D‐MSI.

Conclusions

Through automated management of spectral bin distributions across multiple interleaves, a variety of longitudinal magnetization contrasts can efficiently be acquired without any clinically relevant cross‐talk impact using heavily overlapped 3D‐MSI. Magn Reson Med 74:1349–1355, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distributed MPC for urban traffic networks: A simulation‐based performance analysis
Authors: de Souza Felipe Augusto , Camponogara Eduardo , Kraus Werner , Peccin Vinícius Berndsen
Published: October 2014

The operation of urban traffic networks with distributed model predictive control (DMPC) can be more flexible than centralized strategies because DMPC allows for graceful expansion of the control infrastructure, localized reconfiguration, and tolerance to faulty operation. Yet, computational performance is less efficient than with centralized model predictive control (MPC) because of the added complexity brought about by distribution schemes. To assess the trade‐off between flexibility and performance, in this paper we assess the tolerance to failure and performance of DMPC in contrast with centralized control. The problem of concern is the signal setting of green time in a representative traffic network modeled in a commercial microscopic traffic simulator. A software tool is developed for implementing and simulating the DMPC framework in tandem with the simulator. Comparisons of DMPC with MPC and a baseline feedback control strategy that does not use constrained optimization show that DMPC can achieve performance gains with respect to the baseline case and enhance tolerance to failure. Computations for DMPC are less efficient than with centralized MPC; nevertheless, the time taken by DMPC is well below the required for field use. Although the true distributed deployment of DMPC requires special hardware, its implementation in a central cluster can be made without loss of operational flexibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpersonal Arrogance and the Incentive Salience of Power Versus Affiliation Cues
Authors: Fetterman Adam K. , Robinson Michael D. , Ode Scott
Published: October 2014

The arrogance dimension of the circumplex contrasts people who seemingly value power over affiliation (high arrogance) versus those who do not (low arrogance). Following this line of thinking, and building on an incentive salience model of approach motivation, three studies (total N = 284) examined the differential processing of power versus affiliation stimuli in categorization, perception and approach–avoidance paradigms. All studies found interactions of the same type. In study 2, for example, people high in arrogance perceived power stimuli to be larger than affiliation stimuli, but this differential pattern was not evident at low arrogance levels. People high, but not low, in arrogance also approached power stimuli faster than affiliation stimuli in a motor movement task (study 3). The results contribute to a process–based understanding of how interpersonal arrogance functions while linking such differences to the manner in which power versus affiliation cues are perceived and reacted to. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
Differential Effects of Right–Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation on Dimensions of Generalized Prejudice in Brazil
Authors: Cantal Clara , Milfont Taciano L. , Wilson Marc S. , Gouveia Valdiney V.
Published: October 2014

Previous research within a dual–process cognitive–motivational theory of ideology and prejudice has indicated that dimensions of generalized prejudice are structured around attitudes towards dangerous, derogated and dissident groups, and that these prejudice dimensions are differentially predicted by the ideological attitudes of Right–Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). However, to date, these findings have been restricted to New Zealand samples. We describe two studies examining whether the structure of prejudiced attitudes and the differential prediction by RWA and SDO replicate in the Brazilian context, incorporating context–relevant examples of each group—politicians, those from the northeast region of Brazil, and environmentalists. Results broadly supported the three–factor structure of dangerous, derogated, and dissident groups. Consistent with previous research, regression and structural equation analyses showed that RWA explained prejudice against dangerous groups, SDO explained prejudice against derogated groups, and both RWA and SDO explained prejudice against dissident groups. This research provides some evidence for the generalizability of the three–dimensional structure of generalized prejudice and differential prediction by RWA and SDO. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
Comparative study of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyethylene composites produced via different techniques
Authors: Kazakova M. A. , Kuznetsov V. L. , Semikolenova N. V. , Moseenkov S. I. , Krasnikov D. V. , Matsko M. A. , Ishchenko A. V. , Zakharov V. A. , Romanenko A. I. , Anikeeva O. B. , Tkachev E. N. , Suslyaev V. I. , Zhuravlev V. A. , Dorozkin K. V.
Published: October 2014

A comparative study of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyethylene (MWCNT/PE) composites produced by different methods (thermal mechanical mixing, coagulation precipitation technique and in situ ethylene polymerization with a Ziegler–Natta catalyst supported on MWCNTs) has been performed. The morphology and structure of the produced composites were investigated by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. MWCNT incorporation into PE matrix results in the change of conductivity mechanism from conductivity typical of a system with local disorder and effects of weak interaction of electrons (quantum correction to conductivity) to conductivity that can be described within the theory of Coulomb blockade or quasi‐one‐dimensional variable‐range hopping conductivity with variable length of hops (Mott's law) between localized states. The electromagnetic (EM) response of composites was investigated in a broadband region (118–510 GHz). It was found that the dielectric properties of MWCNT/PE composites correlate with their electrophysical properties determined by the MWCNT distribution within the polymer matrix.

Typical TEM image of MWCNT in polyethylene matrix. Distance between nanotubes filled with PE varies within a wide range
Improved conditional differential cryptanalysis
Authors: Zhang Kai , Guan Jie , Fei Xuliang
Published: November 2014

In lightweight cryptographic primitives, non‐linear feedback shift registers (NFSR) are widely used nowadays. At ASIACRYPT 2010, conditional differential cryptanalysis was proposed to analyze NFSR‐based cryptosystems. To get better result, we propose an improved version of this attack. We apply this new method to analyze the security of lightweight hash functions QUARK family of ciphers, including the recently proposed C‐QUARK. Using the new method, for an advantage of 0.68, our results for U‐QUARK, D‐QUARK, S‐QUARK, and subsequently C‐QUARK are, respectively, 121(22)/131(213)/153(218),143(22)/154(212)/159(222),216 (22)/236(218)/248(224),421(22)/436(214)/445(220), whereas a(b) means that with data complexity b, we can attack a rounds of the cipher. All these results are first cryptanalytic results known thus far for QUARK family of ciphers and have been achieved by experiment in practical time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Infinitesimal Jackknife and Moment Structure Analysis Using Higher Order Moments
Authors: Jennrich Robert , Satorra Albert
Published: October 2014

Mean corrected higher order sample moments are asymptotically normally distributed. It is shown that both in the literature and popular software the estimates of their asymptotic covariance matrices are incorrect. An introduction to the infinitesimal jackknife is given and it is shown how to use it to correctly estimate the asymptotic covariance matrices of higher order sample moments. Another advantage in using the infinitesimal jackknife is the ease with which it may be used when stacking or sub-setting estimators. The estimates given are used to test the goodness of fit of a non-linear factor analysis model. A computationally accelerated form for infinitesimal jackknife estimates is given.
Preoperative Predictors of Postoperative Opioid Usage, Pain Scores, and Referral to a Pain Management Service in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Banka Trevor R. , Ruel Allison , Fields Kara , YaDeau Jacques , Westrich Geoffrey
Published: October 2014

Background

Little is known about preoperative predictors of postoperative pain and referral to a recuperative pain management service after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Questions/Purposes

We sought to identify the preoperative predictors of postoperative pain scores, referral to a pain management service, and narcotic usage in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

We performed a prospective cohort study of 97 TKAs from a single surgeon. Pre and 6-week postoperative WOMAC, visual analog pain scale (VAS) scores, narcotic usage, and catastrophizing pain scores were collected.

Results

After adjusting for all other variables, higher age and catastrophizing pain scores were associated with lower odds of postoperative opioid usage. Increasing age and BMI were associated with lower odds of being referred to pain management. There was no relationship between self-reported preoperative pain tolerance and postoperative change in WOMAC or VAS pain scores.

Conclusions

This information may help surgeons advise their patients preoperatively and set expectations during the recovery period.
On the Intended and Unintended Consequences of Enhanced U.S. Border and Interior Immigration Enforcement: Evidence From Mexican Deportees
Authors: Amuedo-Dorantes Catalina , Pozo Susan
Published: October 2014

Since about 2000, a number of federal and state policies have been implemented in the United States with the intention of stemming the flow of illegal immigration. In this article, we focus on two initiatives: (1) Operation Streamline, as an example of increased border enforcement by the federal government; and (2) state-level omnibus immigration laws, as an illustration of enhanced interior enforcement by state governments. We investigate whether these policies have reduced the intentions of deported Mexican immigrants to attempt a new unauthorized crossing. Although state-level omnibus immigration laws reduce the proportion of deportees intending to attempt a new crossing, increased border enforcement has proven to be far less effective. In addition, we ascertain the human costs associated with these policies. Our findings are mixed in this regard. Noteworthy is how the adoption of more stringent interior enforcement seems to result in a “herding” or “ganging-up” effect, whereby the incidence of verbal and physical abuse rises with the number of states enacting such measures. Additionally, our estimates suggest that deportees are more likely to respond that they have risked their lives to cross into the United States as a result of enhanced border enforcement.
“First Things First”: Images for a Proper Nuchal Translucency in the First Trimester 11–13+6 Weeks Scan
Authors: Ratha Chinmayee , Khurana Ashok
Published: November 2014

This section of articles will concentrate on the technical aspects of imaging in fetal medicine. The “First Things First” series will deal with all aspects of the nuchal translucency (NT) scan, one at a time, in the current and forthcoming issues of the Journal. The present article aims at summarizing the ideal protocol for the measurement of the fetal NT at the 11–13+6 weeks scan based on the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF), UK guidelines and some practical tips for beginners.
Quasi-static damage evolution and homogenization: A case study of non-commutability
Authors: Braides Andrea , Cassano Biagio , Garroni Adriana , Sarrocco David
Published: October 2014

In this paper we consider a family of quasi-static evolution problems involving oscillating energies

\mathcal{E}^{\varepsilon }

and dissipations

\mathcal{D}^{\varepsilon }

. Even though we have separate

Γ

-convergence of

\mathcal{E}^{\varepsilon }

and

\mathcal{D}^{\varepsilon }

, the

Γ

-limit

\mathcal{F}

of the sum does not agree with the sum of the

Γ

-limits. Nevertheless,

\mathcal{F}

can still be viewed as the sum of an internal energy and a dissipation, and the corresponding quasi-static evolution is the limit of the quasi-static evolutions related to

\mathcal{E}^{\varepsilon }

and

\mathcal{D}^{\varepsilon }

. This result contributes to the analysis of the interaction between

Γ

-convergence and variational evolution, which has recently attracted much interest both in the framework of energetic solutions and in the theory of gradient flows.
Structure and stability of metagenome‐derived glycoside hydrolase family 12 cellulase (LC‐CelA) a homolog of Cel12A from Rhodothermus marinus
Authors: Okano Hiroyuki , Ozaki Masashi , Kanaya Eiko , Kim Joong-Jae , Angkawidjaja Clement , Koga Yuichi , Kanaya Shigenori
Published: October 2014

Ten genes encoding novel cellulases with putative signal peptides at the N‐terminus, termed pre‐LC‐CelA–J, were isolated from a fosmid library of a leaf–branch compost metagenome by functional screening using agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose and trypan blue. All the cellulases except pre‐LC‐CelG have a 14–29 residue long flexible linker (FL) between the signal peptide and the catalytic domain. LC‐CelA without a signal peptide (residues 20–261), which shows 76% amino acid sequence identity to Cel12A from Rhodothermus marinus (RmCel12A), was overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. LC‐CelA exhibited its highest activity across a broad pH range (pH 5–9) and at 90 °C, indicating that LC‐CelA is a highly thermostable cellulase, like RmCel12A. The crystal structure of LC‐CelA was determined at 1.85 Å resolution and is nearly identical to that of RmCel12A determined in a form without the FL. Both proteins contain two disulfide bonds. LC‐CelA has a 16‐residue FL (residues 20–35), most of which is not visible in the electron density map, probably due to structural disorder. However, Glu34 and Pro35 form hydrogen bonds with the central region of the protein. ΔFL‐LC‐CelA (residues 36–261) and E34A‐LC‐CelA with a single Glu34 → Ala mutation were therefore constructed and characterized. ΔFL‐LC‐CelA and E34A‐LC‐CelA had lower melting temperatures (T
m) than LC‐CelA by 14.7 and 12.0 °C respectively. The T
m of LC‐CelA was also decreased by 28.0 °C in the presence of dithiothreitol. These results suggest that Glu34‐mediated hydrogen bonds and the two disulfide bonds contribute to the stabilization of LC‐CelA.
High‐fat diet‐induced changes in liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase as a novel feature of insulin resistance
Authors: Qin Huijun , Zhang Xiaolin , Ye Fei , Zhong Liangwei
Published: October 2014

High‐fat diet (HFD) can induce oxidative stress. Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are critical antioxidant proteins but how they are affected by HFD remains unclear. Using HFD‐induced insulin‐resistant mouse model, we show here that liver Trx and TrxR are significantly decreased, but, remarkably, the degree of their S‐acylation is increased after consuming HFD. These HFD‐induced changes in Trx/TrxR may reflect abnormalities of lipid metabolism and insulin signaling transduction. HFD‐driven accumulation of 4‐hydroxynonenal is another potential mechanism behind inactivation and decreased expression of Trx/TrxR. Thus, we propose HFD‐induced impairment of liver Trx/TrxR as major contributor to oxidative stress and as a novel feature of insulin resistance.
Embryological exposure to valproic acid disrupts morphology of the deep cerebellar nuclei in a sexually dimorphic way
Authors: Mowery Todd M. , Wilson Sarah M. , Kostylev Polina V. , Dina Blair , Buchholz Jennifer B. , Prieto Anne L. , Garraghty Preston E.
Published: October 2014

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is diagnosed in males at a much higher rate than females. For this reason, the majority of autism research has used male subjects exclusively. However; more recent studies using genetic sex as a factor find that the development of the male and female brain is differentially affected by ASD. That is, the natural sex‐specific differences that exist between male and female brains lead to sexually dimorphic expressions of autism. Here we investigate the putative sexual dimorphism that exists in the deep cerebellar nuclei of male and female rats exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on embryological day 12.5. We find natural sex‐specific differences in adult nucleus area, length, and estimated cell populations. Therefore VPA exposure during embryology creates some sex‐specific deficits such as higher cell counts in the VPA males and lower cell counts in the VPA females. At the same time, some effects of VPA exposure occur regardless of sex. That is, smaller nucleus area and length lead to truncated nuclei in both VPA males and females. These deficits are more pronounced in the VPA males suggesting that genetic sex could play a role in teratogenic susceptibility to VPA. Taken together our results suggests that VPA exposure induces sexually dimorphic aberrations in morphological development along a mediolateral gradient at a discrete region of the hindbrain approximate to rhombomere (R) 1 and 2. Sex‐specific disruption of the local and long‐range projections emanating from this locus of susceptibility could offer a parsimonious explanation for the brain‐wide neuroanatomical variance reported in males and females with ASD.
Exostosis of the Foot: Clinical Features and Outcome after Surgery
Authors: Man-Sin Ng Jessica , Fu-Keung Ip , Siu-Ho Wan , Tak-Chuen Wong , Sze-Yan Chan
Published: October 2014

Background/Purpose

There are two common diagnoses for exostosis occurring in the foot—osteochondromas and subungal exostoses.

Methods

A retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of exostosis receiving surgery from 2000 to 2011 was conducted. Sixty-five patients were reviewed. Fourteen cases of exostosis on the foot were identified.

Results

Out of fourteen cases of exostosis on the foot, nine had a subungal location and five were located on the foot. Four out of five cases on the foot showed histology of hyaline cartilage cap while fibro-cartilage was shown in seven out of nine cases with lesions on the toes. In cases of subungal exostosis, excision was done via a transungal approach or wedge excision. Surgical outcome was satisfactory in terms of improvement in pain, cosmetic concern, and functional disturbance.

Conclusion

Osteochondroma and subungal exostosis are not uncommonly encountered diagnoses for bony outgrowths occurring over the foot region. Surgical outcome was satisfactory.
Developments in Tau PET Imaging
Authors: Zimmer Eduardo Rigon , Leuzy Antoine , Gauthier Serge , Rosa-Neto Pedro
Published: October 2014

The presence of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is a hallmark feature of several neurodegenerative diseases termed “tauopathies,” including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the tau molecular subgroup of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau). Recently, several positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals targeting abnormal conformations of the tau protein have been developed. To date, six novel tau imaging agents—[18F]THK523, [18F]THK5105, [18F]THK5117, [18F]T807, [18F]T808, and [11C]PBB3—have been described and are considered promising as potential tau radioligands. Tau imaging agents offer the opportunity of in vivo topographical mapping and quantification of tau aggregates in parallel with clinical and cognitive assessments. As such, tau imaging is considered of key importance for progress toward earlier and more accurate diagnosis of tauopathies as well as for the monitoring of therapeutic interventions and drug development. Here, we shed light on the most important developments in tau radiopharmaceuticals, highlighting challenges, possibilities and future directions.
Misdiagnosis of Cerebellar Infarctions
Authors: Sangha Navdeep , Albright Karen C. , Peng Hui , Vahidy Farhaan , Boehme Amelia , Chen Zhongxue , Savitz Sean I.
Published: October 2014

Background

This retrospective study addresses for the first time the differences in clinical features and outcomes between those individuals with a cerebellar infarct who were correctly diagnosed on initial presentation compared to those who experienced delayed diagnosis.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of our stroke registry from 09/2003 to 02/2011. Forty seven patients had an isolated cerebellar infarction confirmed by MRI. Misdiagnosis was defined as the diagnosis given by the first physician.

Results

Among 47 patients identified, 59.6% had delayed diagnosis. Five patients in the correct diagnosis group received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, compared to none in the delayed diagnosis group. Complaints of weakness were protective from delayed diagnosis (OR 0.087, 95% CI 0.019-0.393, p=0.001).

Conclusion

Patients with an isolated cerebellar infarction need to be considered when patients present with acute non-specific symptoms. Critical components of the neurological examination are omitted which are imperative to diagnose cerebellar infarcts. A thorough neurological examination may increase clinical suspicion of an ischemic stroke.
Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality of Terson Syndrome in Hamilton, Ontario
Authors: Seif Gamal I. , Teichman Joshua C. , Reddy Kesava , Martin Charmaine , Rodriguez Amadeo R.
Published: October 2014

Objective

Evaluate the incidence, neurologic morbidity, and mortality of patients with Terson syndrome.

Methods

Consecutive patients admitted to the Hamilton General Hospital from May 2012 to May 2013 with a diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were recruited. Funduscopic examinations were performed under pharmacological mydriasis. Outcome measures included: (1) the presence or absence of Terson syndrome; (2) The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Hunt and Hess scale (H&H), and SAH Fisher score upon admission to the hospital; (3) the modified Rankin score upon discharge; and (4) and all-cause mortality.

Results

Forty-six patients were included and 10 had Terson syndrome (21%). The median H&H, GCS, and Fisher scores were 4, 6.5, and 4.0 for patients with Terson syndrome vs. 2, 14, and 3 for patients without Terson syndrome (p=0.0032, 0.0052, and 0.031), respectively. The median Rankin score was 6 for patients with Terson syndrome vs. 3.5 for patients without Terson syndrome (p=0.0019). The odds of all-cause mortality with Terson syndrome vs. no Terson syndrome was 12: 1 (95% confidence interval 2.33-61.7), p =0.003. Only four of the 10 patients with Terson syndrome survived.

Conclusions

Based on this study, approximately one-fifth of patients admitted to the hospital with a spontaneous SAH could have Terson syndrome. Patients with Terson syndrome have significantly worse GCS and H&H scores upon admission to the hospital, lower modified Rankin scores upon discharge, and greater mortality. Thus, Terson syndrome is not rare among patients with SAH and carries a worse prognosis.
Understanding the elevated suicide risk of female soldiers during deployments
Authors: Street A. E. , Gilman S. E. , Rosellini A. J. , Stein M. B. , Bromet E. J. , Cox K. L. , Colpe L. J. , Fullerton C. S. , Gruber M. J. , Heeringa S. G. , Lewandowski-Romps L. , Little R. J. A. , Naifeh J. A. , Nock M. K. , Sampson N. A. , Schoenbaum M. , Ursano R. J. , Zaslavsky A. M. , Kessler R. C.
Published: October 2014

Background

The Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) has found that the proportional elevation in the US Army enlisted soldier suicide rate during deployment (compared with the never-deployed or previously deployed) is significantly higher among women than men, raising the possibility of gender differences in the adverse psychological effects of deployment.

Method

Person-month survival models based on a consolidated administrative database for active duty enlisted Regular Army soldiers in 2004–2009 (n = 975 057) were used to characterize the gender × deployment interaction predicting suicide. Four explanatory hypotheses were explored involving the proportion of females in each soldier's occupation, the proportion of same-gender soldiers in each soldier's unit, whether the soldier reported sexual assault victimization in the previous 12 months, and the soldier's pre-deployment history of treated mental/behavioral disorders.

Results

The suicide rate of currently deployed women (14.0/100 000 person-years) was 3.1–3.5 times the rates of other (i.e. never-deployed/previously deployed) women. The suicide rate of currently deployed men (22.6/100 000 person-years) was 0.9–1.2 times the rates of other men. The adjusted (for time trends, sociodemographics, and Army career variables) female:male odds ratio comparing the suicide rates of currently deployedv.other womenv.men was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.1–6.8), became 2.4 after excluding soldiers with Direct Combat Arms occupations, and remained elevated (in the range 1.9–2.8) after adjusting for the hypothesized explanatory variables.

Conclusions

These results are valuable in excluding otherwise plausible hypotheses for the elevated suicide rate of deployed women and point to the importance of expanding future research on the psychological challenges of deployment for women.
Reunification through Water and Food: The Other Battle for Lives and Bodies in China's Hong Kong Policy
Authors: Cheung Siu-Keung
Published: October 2014

The People's Republic of China failed to win the hearts and minds of the Hong Kong Chinese people before its resumption of the city's sovereignty on 1 July 1997. This article attempts to account for this contradiction in China's pursuit of reunification. By shifting the focus to the alternative battle to control the lives and bodies of the local population, this article demonstrates how China exploited its water and food supplies to the colony in order to control Hong Kong before and after 1997. The study pinpoints the bio-political measures used by China to secure Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong. It concludes with an analysis of the current situation in Hong Kong and the implications of China's control of water and food supplies for the relations between the ruling state and the people of Hong Kong.
Older homeless people: increasing numbers and changing needs
Authors: Crane Maureen , Joly Louise
Published: October 2014

Evidence from England, Australia, Canada, Japan and the USA indicates that the single homeless population is ageing, and that increasing numbers of older people are homeless. This paper reviews evidence of changes in the age structure of the single homeless population, and the factors that are likely to have had an influence on the growth of the older homeless population. In many Western cities, the housing situation of older people is changing and there is a growing reliance on the private rented sector. Unemployment is also having an impact on older people who are under the official retirement age. An increasing number of older people are experiencing problems linked to alcohol, drugs, gambling and criminality, and these are all behaviours that can contribute to homelessness. Despite high levels of morbidity and disability among older homeless people, they are a relatively neglected group and receive little attention from policy makers and mainstream aged care services.
Epstein–Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: potential opportunities for immunotherapy
Authors: Pender Michael P , Burrows Scott R
Published: October 2014

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) causing progressive disability. Many observations implicate Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of MS, namely universal EBV seropositivity, high anti‐EBV antibody levels, alterations in EBV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell immunity, increased spontaneous EBV‐induced transformation of peripheral blood B cells, increased shedding of EBV from saliva and accumulation of EBV‐infected B cells and plasma cells in the brain. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the role of EBV in the development of MS including cross‐reactivity between EBV and CNS antigens, bystander damage to the CNS by EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells, activation of innate immunity by EBV‐encoded small RNA molecules in the CNS, expression of αB‐crystallin in EBV‐infected B cells leading to a CD4+ T‐cell response against oligodendrocyte‐derived αB‐crystallin and EBV infection of autoreactive B cells, which produce pathogenic autoantibodies and provide costimulatory survival signals to autoreactive T cells in the CNS. The rapidly accumulating evidence for a pathogenic role of EBV in MS provides ground for optimism that it might be possible to prevent and cure MS by effectively controlling EBV infection through vaccination, antiviral drugs or treatment with EBV‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Adoptive immunotherapy with in vitro‐expanded autologous EBV‐specific CD8+ T cells directed against viral latent proteins was recently used to treat a patient with secondary progressive MS. Following the therapy, there was clinical improvement, decreased disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging and reduced intrathecal immunoglobulin production.
Two novel DNA motifs are essential for BACE1 gene transcription
Authors: Xiang Yan , Meng Shasha , Wang Jinfeng , Li Songyang , Liu Jingru , Li Hongmei , Li Tingyu , Song Weihong , Zhou Weihui
Published: October 2014

BACE1 gene encodes for β-Site amyloid β precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme1, which is required for generating amyloid β protein(Aβ). Deposition of Aβ in brain plays an essential role in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis. BACE1 gene has a tissue-specific expression pattern and its expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional level. Core promoter is a minimal DNA sequence to direct transcription initiation and serves as a converging platform for the vast network of regulatory events. Here we identified the core promoter of human BACE1 gene, which is a 71 nucleotides region absent of typical known core promoter elements and is sufficient to initiate a basal transcription. Two novel DNA motifs, designated TCE1 and TCE2, were found to be involved in activating the transcription of human BACE1 gene in a synergistic way. Two single nucleotide mutations in these motifs completely abolished the promoter activity. In conclusion, our studies have demonstrated that novel DNA motif TCE1 and TCE2 in human BACE1 gene promoter are two essential cis-acting elements for BACE1 gene transcription. Studies on how these two motifs being regulated by different stimuli could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and pharmaceutical potentials of targeting these motifs for AD treatment.
Sensitive determination of catechol using a glassy carbon electrode modified with l-cysteine and ZnS:Ni/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Qu Jianying , Wang Yong , Dong Ying , Zhu Zhuanying , Xing Huanhuan
Published: November 2014

In this work, water-soluble ZnS:Ni/ZnS quantum dots with core/shell structure were obtained successfully. Based on this, a novel electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of CC was fabricated.
Label-free, isothermal and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of DNA and DNA 3′-phosphatase using a cascade enzymatic cleavage strategy
Authors: Liu Shufeng , Liu Tao , Wang Li
Published: October 2014

A label-free, isothermal and cascade enzymatic cleavage strategy was developed for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of DNA and DNA 3′-phosphatase.
How morphology and surface crystal texture affect thermal stability of a metallic nanoparticle: the case of silver nanobelts and pentagonal silver nanowires
Authors: Marzbanrad Ehsan , Rivers Geoffrey , Peng Peng , Zhao Boxin , Zhou Norman Y.
Published: October 2014

Nanobelts are a new type silver nanoparticle, more thermodynamically stable than other one-dimensional alternatives.
Spin-crossover in phenylazopyridine-functionalized Ni–porphyrin: trans–cis isomerization triggered by π–π interactions
Authors: Alcover-Fortuny Gerard , de Graaf Coen , Caballol Rosa
Published: November 2014

To elucidate the light-induced spin-crossover mechanism of the PAPy-functionalized Ni(ii)–porphyrin, a DFT/CASSCF/CASPT2 study has been performed to determine the most stablecisandtransconformers and to characterize the excitation that triggers the process.
Plasmonic properties of regiospecific core–satellite assemblies of gold nanostars and nanospheres
Authors: D. S. Indrasekara A. Swarnapali , Thomas Roney , Fabris Laura
Published: October 2014

Regiospecific star-sphere assemblies show enhanced SERS intensity and electric field at the interparticle junction as well as at locations between the nanostar tips.
Geometric, electronic and magnetic structures of S = 19/2 and S = 20/2 thiophene-2-carboxylate functionalized Mn12 single molecule magnets
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge H. , Ziegler Christopher J.
Published: October 2014

Hydrogen bonding of water molecules to Mn4O4 inner cubane of S = 19/2 Mn12 SMM gives rise to geometric and magnetic asymmetries. Two Mn ions hydrogen bonded to water molecules depart from their Mn4+(S = 3/2) states and acquire an incipient Mn3+(S = 4/2) character. The magnetic moment vectors of the cubane Mn ions are inequivalent.
Three multi-nuclear clusters and one infinite chain induced by a pendant 4-butyl-1H-pyrazole ligand for modification of Keggin anions
Authors: Tian Ai-xiang , Ning Ya-li , Ying Jun , Hou Xue , Li Tian-jiao , Wang Xiu-li
Published: November 2014

By utilizing a pendant 4-butyl-1H-pyrazole, four POM-based multi-nuclear clusters or infinite chain subunits are formed: tetra-, tri- and penta-nuclear clusters in 1, 3 and 4 and an infinite chain in 2.
Syntheses, structures and properties of two new organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on ε-Zn Keggin units {ε-PMoV8MoVI4O40−x(OH)xZn4}
Authors: Miao Hao , Hu Gonghao , Guo Jiuyu , Wan Hongxiang , Mei Hua , Zhang Yu , Xu Yan
Published: October 2014

Two novel hybrids ε(pyim)2 and ε2(pyim)6, based on ε-Zn Keggin units, have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by controlling pH values.
Influence of combined dust reducing carpet and compact air filtration unit on the indoor air quality of a classroom
Authors: Scheepers Paul T. J. , de Hartog Jeroen J. , Reijnaerts Judith , Beckmann Gwendolyn , Anzion Rob , Poels Katrien , Godderis Lode
Published: October 2014

In situ testing in a primary school classroom showed that combining air filtration with a carpet reduced particulate matter concentrations.
Evaluation of a membrane desolvator for LC-ICP-MS analysis of selenium and platinum species for application to peptides and proteins
Authors: Møller Laura Hyrup , Jensen Celina Støving , Nguyen Tam T. T. N. , Stürup Stefan , Gammelgaard Bente
Published: October 2014

MD gradient elution LC-ICP-MS analysis with 100% methanol was achieved. Species-independent sensitivity was maintained for Pt but lost for Se.
Design, synthesis and anticancer mechanistic studies of linked azoles
Authors: Islam Md. Amirul , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Yao , McAlpine Shelli R.
Published: October 2014

Herein we report the synthesis and biological activity evaluation of 2,4 linked azole-containing molecules.
Nanoparticle-cored dendrimers: functional hybrid nanocomposites as a new platform for drug delivery systems
Authors: Brunetti V. , Bouchet L. M. , Strumia M. C.
Published: November 2014

Nanoparticle-cored dendrimers (NCDs) are now offering themselves as versatile carriers because of their colloidal stability, tunable membrane properties and ability to encapsulate or integrate a broad range of drugs and molecules.
A brief user's guide to single-chain nanoparticles
Authors: Lyon Christopher K. , Prasher Alka , Hanlon Ashley M. , Tuten Bryan T. , Tooley Christian A. , Frank Peter G. , Berda Erik B.
Published: October 2014

In this review we outline the various methods that have been explored to synthesize architecturally defined nanoparticles from discrete polymer chains, summarize the methods of characterization that are required to prove their formation and probe their morphology, and introduce a number of potential applications.
High performance solid polymer electrolyte with graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Yuan Mengying , Erdman Jeremy , Tang Changyu , Ardebili Haleh
Published: October 2014

Two dimensional graphene oxide (GO) sheets with high surface area and excellent mechanical properties are introduced into a solid polyethylene oxide/lithium salt electrolyte.
Classification study of solvation free energies of organic molecules using machine learning techniques
Authors: Narayana Moorthy N. S. Hari , Martins Silvia A. , Sousa Sergio F. , Ramos Maria J. , Fernandes Pedro A.
Published: November 2014

Classification models to predict the solvation free energies of organic molecules were developed using decision tree, random forest and support vector machine approaches and with MACCS fingerprints, MOE and PaDEL descriptors.
Influence of the anchoring number in a carbazole-based photosensitizer on the photovoltaic performance of p-type NiO dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Park Ji Young , Jang Bo Youn , Lee Chi Hwan , Yun Hyeong Jin , Kim Jae Hong
Published: October 2014

Carbazole dimer enhances the charge injection and reduces the charge recombination to exhibit superior p-type performance of DSSCs.
Polyrhodanine coated cellulose nanocrystals as optical pH indicators
Authors: Tang Juntao , Song Yang , Berry Richard M. , Tam Kam Chiu
Published: October 2014

A simple and green approach to produce cellulose nanocrystal@polyrhodanine core–shell nanoparticles via in situ polymerization is proposed. The nanoparticles displayed reversible colour change with pH, confirming their utility as optical pH indicators. This property was retained when the nanoparticles were configured into flat films or hydrogel beads.
A novel hybrid material: an inorganic silica aerogel core encapsulated with a tunable organic alginate aerogel layer
Authors: Ulker Zeynep , Erkey Can
Published: November 2014

This novel layered hybrid aerogel will pave the way for development of drug delivery devices with superior properties.
In situ-generated chiral iron complex as efficient catalyst for enantioselective sulfoxidation using aqueous H2O2as oxidant
Authors: Bera Prasanta Kumar , Kumari Prathibha , Abdi Sayed H. R. , Khan Noor-ul H. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. , Subramanian P. S. , Bajaj Hari C.
Published: October 2014

This study represents the rare combination of non-toxic Fe based catalyst/H2O2as an efficient catalytic protocol for asymmetric sulfoxidation reaction.
A facile and efficient preparation of anatase titania nanoparticles in micelle nanoreactors: morphology, structure, and their high photocatalytic activity under UV light illumination
Authors: Abazari Reza , Mahjoub Ali Reza , Sanati Soheila
Published: October 2014

Comparative photocatalysis degradation of MB dye under ultraviolet light irradiation: (a) without photocatalyst; (b) commercial P25 TiO2 powder; and (c) TiO2 nanoparticles.
Rapid assembly of quinazolinone scaffold via copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-bromobenzamides with aldehydes and aqueous ammonia: application to the synthesis of the alkaloid tryptanthrin
Authors: Guo Shenghai , Li Yan , Tao Li , Zhang Wenwen , Fan Xuesen
Published: November 2014

An efficient synthesis of quinazolinones via copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-bromobenzamides with aldehydes and aqueous ammonia has been developed.
Sensitive detection of C. parvum using near infrared emitting Ag2S@silica core–shell nanospheres
Authors: Srinivasan K. , Thiruppathiraja C. , Subramanian K. , Dinakaran K.
Published: November 2014

Optical detection ofC. parvumin environmental samples using anti-oocysts McAb immobilized NIR emitting Ag2S@silica core–shell nanospheres as immunosensors is reported.
Glucose detection using SERS with multi-branched gold nanostructures in aqueous medium
Authors: Ceja-Fdez Andrea , López-Luke Tzarara , Torres-Castro Alejandro , Wheeler Damon. A. , Zhang Jin Z. , De la Rosa Elder
Published: November 2014

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), multi-branched gold nanoparticles (MBGNs), and silica-coated MBGNs (MBGNs-silica) were studied for rhodamine B (RB) and α-glucose Raman detection at low concentration in water.
Central C–C bonding increases optical and chemical stability of NIR fluorophores
Authors: Hyun Hoon , Owens Eric A. , Narayana Lakshminarayana , Wada Hideyuki , Gravier Julien , Bao Kai , Frangioni John V. , Choi Hak Soo , Henary Maged
Published: October 2014

Functional near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores have played a major role in the recent advances in bioimaging, and central C–C bonding will aid in the applicability of heptamethine cyanines in targeted in vivo imaging.
Hydrogen-bond acidic polymers coated SAW sensors for 2,4-dinitrotoluene detection
Authors: Long Yin , Du Xiaosong , Wang Yang , Zhao Jinzhu , Tai Huiling , Tang Xianzhong , Jiang Yadong
Published: October 2014

Two strong hydrogen-bond acidic (HBA) polymers DKAP and PLF, were coated onto 434 MHz surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for rapid detection of an explosive compound, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT).
Biogas upgrading through kinetic separation of carbon dioxide and methane over Rb- and Cs-ZK-5 zeolites
Authors: Remy T. , Gobechiya E. , Danaci D. , Peter S. A. , Xiao P. , Van Tendeloo L. , Couck S. , Shang J. , Kirschhock C. E. A. , Singh R. K. , Martens J. A. , Baron G. V. , Webley P. A. , Denayer J. F. M.
Published: November 2014

Kinetic separation of CO2from CH4over rubidium or cesium-exchanged ZK-5 (KFI) zeolites for upgrade of biogas to renewable fuels.
Biosynthesis and display of diverse metal nanoparticles by recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Tsai Yi-Jung , Ouyang Chun-Yu , Ma Shi-Yuan , Tsai Dong-Yu , Tseng Hsueh-Wei , Yeh Yi-Chun
Published: October 2014

This study used the recombinant E. coli strain expressing the biomolecule, eumelanin, as an agent for the reduction of metal ions.
Real-time control of inertial focusing in microfluidics using dielectrophoresis (DEP)
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yan Sheng , Alici Gursel , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Di Carlo Dino , Li Weihua
Published: October 2014

In this work, we explored the possibility of combining dielectrophoresis (DEP) and inertial focusing in a fully coupled manner and proposed a new concept, which is called DEP-inertial microfluidics. A vertical DEP force is used to tune the inertial focusing pattern and position in three dimensions.
Carbon dots in magnetic colloidal nanocrystal clusters
Authors: Liu Ye , Tian Ye , Yang Wuli
Published: November 2014

The existence of carbon dots is revealed inside and on the surface of magnetic colloidal nanocrystal clusters in a typical hydrothermal synthesis process.
Immobilization of iodine into a hydroxyapatite structure prepared by cementation
Authors: Coulon Antoine , Laurencin Danielle , Grandjean Agnès , Cau Dit Coumes Celine , Rossignol Sylvie , Campayo Lionel
Published: October 2014

A cementation route was developed to prepare an iodate-bearing apatite phase, in view of the long-term conditioning of radioactive iodine-129.
Polysulfide rejection layer from alpha-lipoic acid for high performance lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Song Jongchan , Noh Hyungjun , Lee Hongkyung , Lee Je-Nam , Lee Dong Jin , Lee Yunju , Kim Chul Hwan , Lee Yong Min , Park Jung-Ki , Kim Hee-Tak
Published: October 2014

Polysulfide shuttle of lithium–sulfur batteries can be suppressed by alpha-lipoic acid, an electrolyte additive, which forms a polysulfide rejection layer on sulfur cathode and a stable SEI layer on Li metal anode.
High performance shape memory polyimides based on π–π interactions
Authors: Wang Qihua , Bai Yongkang , Chen Yu , Ju Junping , Zheng Fei , Wang Tingmei
Published: October 2014

The high temperature shape memory properties of polyimides based on π–π interaction are investigated in this study.
Converting real-world mixed waste plastics into porous carbon nanosheets with excellent performance in the adsorption of an organic dye from wastewater
Authors: Gong Jiang , Liu Jie , Chen Xuecheng , Jiang Zhiwei , Wen Xin , Mijowska Ewa , Tang Tao
Published: October 2014

Real-world mixed waste plastics were converted into PCNSs, which exhibited fast adsorption, unprecedented adsorption capacity and excellent recyclability for MB.
Realization of cubic ZnMgO photodetectors for UVB applications
Authors: Fan Ming-Ming , Liu Ke-Wei , Chen Xing , Zhang Zhen-Zhong , Li Bing-Hui , Zhao Hai-Feng , Shen De-Zhen
Published: November 2014

Cubic ZnMgO UVB photodetectors with low dark current, high responsivity and fast response speed are very promising for practical applications.
Hybrid radix‐4/‐8 truncated multiplier for mobile GPU applications
Authors: Choi Seongrim , Kim Gyeonghoon , Yoo Hoi‐Jun , Nam Byeong‐Gyu
Published: October 2014

A hybrid radix‐4/‐8 truncated multiplier is proposed for mobile graphics processing unit (GPU) applications by combining the strong points of high‐speed radix‐4 and low‐power radix‐8 encoding schemes. A hybrid Booth encoder (HBE) for radix‐4/‐8 encoding is proposed by sharing the common logics between the two encodings. In addition, a hybrid radix‐4/‐8 truncation (HRT) scheme is proposed for more power reduction at a reasonable peak signal‐to‐noise ratio loss for mobile multimedia applications. Experimental results demonstrate 29.7 and 31.1% power savings from the HBE and the HRT schemes, respectively, resulting in a total of 60.7% power reduction from the previous work.
Ultra‐broadband linearly polarisation manipulation metamaterial
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo , Wang Jiafu , Zheng Lin , Zhang Anxue , Xu Zhuo
Published: October 2014

The polarisation state is a basic property of electromagnetic waves. In this reported work, high efficiency, ultra‐broadband polarisation manipulation is achieved using an ultra‐thin metamaterial composed of three metasurfaces spaced by dielectric layers. It is found that the proposed metamaterial can achieve a very high conversion efficiency with cross‐polarisation transmission >96% and co‐polarisation reflection over 99% covering the range from 9.6 to 28 GHz. The simulated results are very consistent with the experimental measurements.