bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retirement, Pensions, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in China, England, Mexico, and the United States
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Shelley Mack
Published: August 2019

This study explores the associations of retirement, and of public and private pensions, with older adults’ depressive symptoms by comparing differences between countries and age groups. Harmonized data were analyzed from the family of Health and Retirement Study in 2012–2013 from China, England, Mexico, and the United States ( n =  97,978). Respondents were asked if they were retired and received public or private pensions. Depressive symptom was measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Retirement was significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms for the United States and with lower depressive symptoms for Mexico and England. Public pension was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms for Mexico and with higher depressive symptoms for the United States and China. Private pension was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms for the United States, China, and England. Our study shows that continuity theory demonstrates cross-national variation in explaining the association between retirement and depressive symptoms.
Normal Anatomy, Histology, and Spontaneous Pathology of the Kidney, and Selected Renal Biomarker Reference Ranges in the Cynomolgus Monkey
Authors: Chamanza Ronnie , Naylor Stuart W. , Carreira Vinicius , Amuzie Chidozie , Ma Jing Ying , Bradley Alys E. , Blankenship Brad , McDorman Kevin , Louden Calvert
Published: August 2019

To further our understanding of the nonhuman primate kidney anatomy, histology, and incidences of spontaneous pathology, we retrospectively examined kidneys from a total of 505 control Cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis; 264 male and 241 females) aged 2 to 6 years, from toxicity studies. Kidney weights, urinalysis, and kidney-related clinical biochemistry parameters were also evaluated. Although the functional anatomy of the monkey kidney is relatively similar to that of other laboratory animals and humans, a few differences and species-specific peculiarities exist. Unlike humans, the macaque kidney is unipapillate, with a relatively underdeveloped papilla, scarce long loops of Henle, and a near-equivalent cortical to medullary ratio. The most common spontaneous microscopic findings were interstitial infiltrates or interstitial nephritis and other tubular lesions, but several forms of glomerulopathy that may be interpreted as drug-induced were occasionally observed. Common incidental findings of little pathological significance included: papillary mineralization, epithelial pigment, multinucleate cells, cuboidal metaplasia of the Bowman’s capsule, and urothelial inclusions. Kidney weights, and some clinical chemistry parameters, showed age- and sex-related variations. Taken together, these data will aid the toxicologic pathologist to better evaluate the nonhuman primate kidney and assess the species’ suitability as a model for identifying and characterizing drug-induced injury.
Extraction of eco-friendly and biodegradable surfactant for inhibition of copper corrosion during acid pickling
Authors: Elbatouti Mervette , Fetouh Howida A
Published: August 2019

A novel, cheap, less toxic, and easier-prepared gelatin surfactant is successfully used as corrosion inhibitor for the corrosion of copper in 0.1 M H2SO4 at the temperature range: 25–55°C. The critical micelle concentration of the surfactant was determined from surface tension measurements. The inhibition efficiency was determined from potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. For surfactant acted by adsorption at copper/solution interface, an inhibition efficiency up to 68 was obtained at critical micelle concentration (70 ppm) of surfactant at 35°C. The free energy of adsorption was calculated and discussed. The surface parameters of gelatin surfactant were calculated and correlated to the inhibition efficiency. They were also calculated from its surface tension profile including: critical micelle concentration), maximum surface excess (Γmax), and minimum surface area (Amin). The thermodynamic of micellization, free energies of micellization (ΔGmic) and entropy of micellization, was calculated and discussed. The formation of compact and adherent monomolecular adsorbed film on copper substrate was confirmed.
Distinct roles of ezrin, radixin and moesin in maintaining the plasma membrane localizations and functions of human blood–brain barrier transporters
Authors: Hoshi Yutaro , Uchida Yasuo , Kuroda Takashi , Tachikawa Masanori , Couraud Pierre-Olivier , Suzuki Takashi , Terasaki Tetsuya
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to clarify the roles of ERM proteins (ezrin/radixin/moesin) in the regulation of membrane localization and transport activity of transporters at the human blood–brain barrier (BBB). Ezrin or moesin knockdown in a human in vitro BBB model cell line (hCMEC/D3) reduced both BCRP and GLUT1 protein expression levels on the plasma membrane. Radixin knockdown reduced not only BCRP and GLUT1, but also P-gp membrane expression. These results indicate that P-gp, BCRP and GLUT1 proteins are maintained on the plasma membrane via different ERM proteins. Furthermore, moesin knockdown caused the largest decrease of P-gp and BCRP efflux activity among the ERM proteins, whereas GLUT1 influx activity was similarly reduced by knockdown of each ERM protein. To investigate how moesin knockdown reduced P-gp efflux activity without loss of P-gp from the plasma membrane, we examined the role of PKCβI. PKCβI increased P-gp phosphorylation and reduced P-gp efflux activity. Radixin and moesin proteins were detected in isolated human brain capillaries, and their protein abundances were within a 3-fold range, compared with those in hCMEC/D3 cell line. These findings may mean that ezrin, radixin and moesin maintain the functions of different transporters in different ways at the human BBB.
Maladaptive personality and psychopathy dimensions as predictors of music and movie preferences in US adults
Authors: Blagov Pavel S , Von Handorf Kristi , Pugh Alan T , Walker Morgan G
Published: August 2019

We link modern conceptualizations of maladaptive personality and psychopathy dimensions to music and movie genre preferences. Participants, N = 379, completed the Personality Inventory (5th ed.; PID-5), Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), and music and movie preferences questionnaires. The structure of some, but not all, music preferences factors aligned with previous reports. Overall, maladaptive traits had meaningful, albeit modest links to entertainment media preferences, but not to the kinds of intense or rebellious music genres sometimes labeled as “problem” entertainment in prior literature. Support emerged for several a priori hypotheses, but some predictions based on the three- and five-factor normal personality trait and entertainment preferences literature did not generalize to a five-factor formulation of maladaptive personality. We discuss the findings’ implications and several likely sources of inconsistencies in the literature on music and movie preferences and personality.
The spaces of diaspora’s revitalization: Transregions, infrastructure and urbanism
Authors: Ashutosh Ishan
Published: August 2019

This paper assesses the concept of diaspora with the aim of revitalizing its geographical and spatial complexity. It examines contributions made by geographers and scholars in critical area and racial/ethnic studies. It highlights three spatial formations of diaspora: (1) transregional spaces that challenge state territoriality and the boundaries of national community; (2) the infrastructures that shape diaspora through paths of connection and difference; and (3) diaspora urbanism in which new political solidarities in and across cities have emerged. It is argued that these spatial formations conceptually revitalize diaspora by providing a critique of sociospatial borders.
Portal Placement and Biomechanical Performance of Endoscopic Proximal Hamstring Repair
Authors: Ryan Michael K. , Beason David P. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Emblom Benton A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Proximal hamstring tendon avulsions are debilitating and commonly cause pain, weakness, and functional limitations. Open surgical repair has been the standard, but improved endoscopic techniques have enabled proximal hamstring fixation with decreased risk of infection and numbness, without the morbidity of a large incision.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to (1) describe pertinent anatomy surrounding the proximal hamstring origin in relation to 4 endoscopic portal sites and (2) test for biomechanical differences between open and endoscopic repair. It was hypothesized that (1) endoscopic proximal hamstring repair is efficacious with respect to commonly used portals and (2) there is no biomechanical difference between open and endoscopic techniques.

Study Design:

Descriptive and controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Proximal hamstring ruptures were simulated endoscopically in 10 fresh-frozen human cadaveric pelvis specimens. Endoscopic repair was then completed on 1 limb from each specimen through 4 portals. After repair, each specimen was dissected in layers and measurements from portal tracts to pertinent anatomy were obtained. Open repair was performed on all contralateral limbs, followed by cyclical biomechanical tensile testing to failure of both the open and endoscopically repaired hamstring tendons to assess failure load and local tissue strain.

Results:

On average, no portal tract was closer than 2.0 cm to the sciatic nerve or inferior gluteal neurovascular bundle. Anatomic landmarks were identified that could improve the reproducibility and safety of the procedure. Biomechanical testing revealed no differences between the open and endoscopic repair techniques for any measured parameter.

Conclusion:

This study supports the safety and efficacy of endoscopic proximal hamstring repair through anatomic and biomechanical analyses and helps establish reproducible and recognizable landmarks that define a safe working zone.

Clinical Relevance:

This study maps the anatomic landscape of the proximal hamstring as encountered endoscopically and demonstrates equivalent biomechanical strength of endoscopic proximal hamstring repair, supporting this technique’s safety and efficacy.
Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The US Net Social Wage in the Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: Moos Katherine A.
Published: August 2019

This paper estimates the net social wage—the difference between labor benefits and labor taxation—from 1959 to 2012 in the United States using two different methodologies. During this period the average NSW1/GDP and NSW2/GDP ratio are 1.3 and −3.8 percent, respectively. This paper finds a deviation in the net social wage data starting in 2002, suggesting greater redistribution to US workers in the early twenty-first century than in the twentieth century. This paper argues that the increase in the US net social wage in the early twenty-first century is being caused by a combination of cyclical, structural, and secular factors. US redistributive policy should be understood as stabilizing and subsidizing the social reproduction of labor.

JEL Classification: H5, E62, B5
Infertility and Self-identification: The Indeterminacy of the Illness-self Relationship
Authors: Johnson Katherine M. , Greil Arthur L. , McQuillan Julia , Leyser-Whalen Ophra , Shreffler Karina M.
Published: August 2019

Nearly one-third to one-half of U.S. women meets the medical criteria for infertility at some point in their reproductive lives. Yet many do not view lack of conception as problematic. Why might some women self-identify as having a fertility problem but others do not? Using two waves of the National Survey of Fertility Barriers, we conducted binary and longitudinal multinomial logistic regression to answer this question. Results suggest that only a portion of women actually experience infertility as a “spoiled identity” or as disruptive to their lives. Rather, consistent with symbolic interactionist perspectives, there is evidence that infertility symptoms (i.e., not conceiving) depend upon interpretations and definitions of the situation. Multiple patterns of self-identification over time (identity non-adopters, maintainers, adopters, and relinquishers) suggest an indeterminate association between illness and impacts on the self, even for a condition that is highly medicalized in the United States.
#MeToo is different for college students: Media framing of campus sexual assault, its causes, and proposed solutions
Authors: O’Boyle Jane , Li Queenie Jo-Yun
Published: August 2019

This study analyzes 10 American newspapers to examine how they present stories (N = 500) about sexual assault on college campuses. Attributions for causes are examined, and which entities are framed most responsible for creating solutions to the problem: individuals, universities, fraternities, sports teams, or society. News media attribute causes to individuals such as victims and perpetrators, but solutions to universities. Liberal newspapers framed the victim as most responsible for causes, more than newspapers with conservative ideology, and were overall less likely to attribute responsibility for assaults to universities.
Variation in Utilization of Intensive Care for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Vyas Arpita K. , Chan Yiu Ming , Oud Lavi
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To examine the hospital-level variation in intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and quantify the relative contribution of patient and hospital characteristics versus individual hospital factors to the variation in ICU admission rates among pediatric hospitalizations with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Methods:

The Texas Inpatient Public Use Data File was used to identify hospitalizations of state residents aged 1 month to 19 years with a primary diagnosis of DKA between 2005 and 2014. Multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the association of patient- and hospital-level factors with ICU admission. Risk and reliability adjustment was then performed to assess hospital-level variation in ICU utilization. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to quantify variation in use of ICU attributable to individual hospitals. The association between adjusted rates of ICU admission and total hospital charges and length of stay was examined using linear regression.

Results:

Of the 23 585 DKA hospitalizations, 14 638 (62.1%) were admitted to ICU. On multilevel analysis, the odds of ICU admission progressively decreased with rising volume of DKA hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio: 0.08 [highest vs lowest quartile]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.24). The crude median (interquartile range [IQR]; range) of ICU admissions across hospitals was 82.6% (73%-90%; 11.1%-100%). The median (IQR) risk- and reliability-adjusted ICU admission rate was 81.0% (73.0%-86.9%), ranging from 11.2% to 94%. Following risk and reliability adjustment, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.005 (95% CI: 0.004-0.006). For each 10% increase in adjusted ICU admission rate, total hospital charges rose by 7% (95% CI: 3%-11%). There was no association between ICU admission rates and hospital length of stay.

Conclusion:

Although high variation in ICU utilization was noted across hospitals among pediatric DKA hospitalizations, the proportion of variation attributable to individual hospitals was negligible, once adjusted for patient mix and hospital characteristics.
Daily Adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Is Associated With Select Adolescent, Not Parent, Attitudes About Limiting Sugary Drink and Junk Food Intake
Authors: Imoisili Omoye E. , Park Sohyun , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Yaroch Amy L. , Blanck Heidi M.
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To examine associations of adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake with parent SSB intake and parent and adolescent attitudes about limiting SSB and junk food (SSB/JF) intake.

Design:

Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting:

The 2014 Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study.

Sample:

Parent–adolescent dyads (N = 1555).

Measures:

The outcome was adolescent SSB intake. Exposure variables were parent SSB intake, sociodemographics, and parent and adolescent attitudes about SSB/JF intake (responses: agree, neither, or disagree).

Analysis:

Multinomial logistic regressions estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Half (49.5%) of adolescents and 33.7% of parents consumed SSB ≥1 time/day. Parent daily SSB intake was associated with adolescent daily SSB intake (aOR = 8.9; CI = 4.6-17.3) [referent: no consumption]. Adolescents who disagreed on having confidence to limit SSB/JF intake had higher odds of daily SSB intake (aOR = 3.5; CI = 1.8-6.8), as did those who disagreed they felt bad about themselves if they did not limit SSB/JF intake (aOR = 1.9; CI=1.1-3.3), compared to adolescents who agreed with these attitudes. No parental attitudes were significant.

Conclusion:

Higher odds of daily SSB intake among adolescents was associated with parent SSB intake and adolescent attitudes about confidence in, and feeling bad about, limiting SSB/JF intake. Parent attitudes were not associated with daily adolescent SSB intake. Efforts to reduce adolescent SSB intake could consider strategies geared toward improving adolescent attitudes and dietary behaviors and parental SSB intake.
Smoke-Free Outdoor Seating Policy: 1-Year Changes in Compliance of Bars and Restaurants in Philadelphia
Authors: Ocampo Pilar , Coffman Ryan , Lawman Hannah
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate changes in compliance with a smoke-free outdoor seating policy before and after passage of a local regulation in 2015, which reinterpreted Philadelphia’s Clean Indoor Air Worker Protection Law to include outdoor seating areas of food or beverage establishments.

Design:

Natural experiment.

Setting:

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Sample:

Food or beverage establishments (N = 108). Establishments were comprised of sit-down restaurants, cafes, quick-service restaurants, and bars.

Measures:

Presence of outdoor smoking and smoking-related litter on a given day were measured as binary variables. A geographic information system–based survey developed for this study was used to collect observational data.

Analysis:

Logistic regressions were used to determine the change in odds of observing outdoor smoking and smoking-related litter on a given day from baseline (preregulation) to follow-up (postregulation).

Results:

Compliance with smoke-free outdoor seating increased from 84.5% to 95.4% after passage and implementation of the regulation. Results showed a significant 75% decrease (odds ratio [OR]: = 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-0.67) in odds of outdoor smoking and a slight decrease in smoking-related litter (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.39-1.65) at follow-up in establishments overall. However, at baseline, bars had higher odds of outdoor smoking (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 0.57-12.72) and smoking-related litter (OR: 4.09, 95% CI:, 1.87-9.49) compared to sit-down restaurants.

Conclusion:

Results suggest there is high compliance with low-cost, low-burden, smoke-free outdoor seating policy and that enforcement is best targeted toward bars.
Electroacupuncture Modulates Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode Network for Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Fan Dong-qiong , Zhao Hai-chao , Sheng Jing , Liu Yun-rui , Yu Jing
Published: August 2019

Aging involves cognitive decline and prominent alterations in brain activity. Electroacupuncture (EA), a traditional Chinese medicine approach, is demonstrated to be effective in improving cognitive function of older adults. However, the specific neural mechanism underlying this modulation effect remains unclear. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether EA could improve cognitive performance of community-dwelling older adults and whether these potential improvements are associated with the EA-induced brain functional connectivity alterations. Thirty healthy older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to the EA group and the control group. Behaviorally, we observed an EA-induced improvement in cognitive performance of older adults in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. On a neural perspective, the EA intervention significantly increased the functional connectivity within the default mode network. Moreover, we found a positive association between the improvement in delayed memory performance and the alterations in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex-hippocampal formation connectivity in the EA group. This study extends previous findings by showing that healthy older adults exhibit neural plasticity manifested as increased functional connectivity after EA sessions, which could induce therapeutic effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Subjective Memory Complaints in White and African American Participants
Authors: John Samantha E. , Evans Sarah A. , Hanfelt John , Loring David W. , Goldstein Felicia C.
Published: August 2019

Objective:

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are associated with mild cognitive impairment and dementia but are understudied in African Americans (AAs). We compared SMC endorsement in white and AA participants and evaluated predictors of diagnostic progression.

Methods:

Initial visit variables, including SMC and memory performance, were compared within a cognitively normal race-matched sample of white and AA participants ( N total = 912; 456each race) to assess the presence and predictors of SMC, the predictors of future diagnostic progression, and the change in memory performance over time.

Results:

More white (32.9%) than AA (24.3%) participants reported SMC ( P < .01, ϕ = −.10). Subjective memory complaint was predicted by memory performance ( B = −0.03, standard error [SE] = 0.013, odds ratio [OR] = .968, P < .05) and race ( B = −0.99, SE = 0.080, OR = .373, P < .001). Subjective memory complaints and memory performance were associated with progression, χ2 (3, n = 912) = 102.37, P < .001. African American race (−2.05 ± 0.24 SE) and SMC (−0.45 ± 0.21 SE) were associated with worse memory performance at baseline and over time, χ 2(3) = 13.54, P < .01.

Conclusions:

In contrast to previous research, our study found that SMC is associated with diagnostic progression and objective memory declines in both white and AA participants.
Conducting Studies on Person-Centered Career Interest Profiles: An Illustrative Example in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Yan , Mao Yina , Lan Junbang , Wong Chi-Sum , Peng Kelly Z.
Published: August 2019

Among the approaches to the study of career interests, the person-centered profile approach (i.e., studying the career interest profiles of individuals), rather than the traditional construct-centered approach, has gained more attention in recent years. In our research, we intend to advance our understanding of career interests with the person-centered profile approach and address some important conceptual and methodological issues raised by previous studies. Based on the cultural context of Hong Kong after the 1997 handover, we hypothesized four general career interest profiles for Hong Kong high school graduates. Using a sample of senior secondary school graduates who were not admitted into undergraduate programs and a cohort sample of first-year university students, we found support for this hypothesis. This classification was validated by its relationships with career decisiveness, parents’ open communication style, and life satisfaction. Our research provides guidelines to test the validity of the proposed forms of career interest profiles.
Outcomes Associated With the Adjunctive Use of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors With Insulin Versus Other Antihyperglycemic Medications in Patients With Prediabetes or Diabetes After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Clark Lisa , Weeda Erin , Griffin Mary Lewis , Jones Lee Ann , Haney Jason
Published: August 2019

Background:

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) plus basal insulin is noninferior to insulin monotherapy for glycemic control in medical–surgical patients, but data in postoperative cardiac surgery patients are sparse.

Objective:

To compare glucose control in postoperative cardiac surgery patients with prediabetes or diabetes receiving a DPP-4i plus insulin versus other antihyperglycemic regimens.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified patients with prediabetes or diabetes who underwent cardiac surgery at our hospital between May 2016 and June 2017. Included patients were stratified into cohorts: (1) DPP-4i plus insulin and (2) other antihyperglycemic regimens. Blood glucose levels were collected on postoperative days 2 to 7. Uncontrolled glucose (≥2 measurements <80 or >180 mg/dL in 1 day), hyperglycemia (>2 measurements ≥180 mg/dL in 1 day), and hypoglycemia (any measurement <70 mg/dL) were compared between cohorts using logistic regression adjusted for home antihyperglycemics.

Results:

We included 135 cardiac surgery patients, of which 65 received DPP-4i plus insulin. Eighty-two patients received antihyperglycemics at home. Uncontrolled glucose occurred in 61 (45.2%) patients; while hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia occurred in 50 (37.0%) and 24 (17.8%) patients, respectively. There was no difference in the adjusted odds of uncontrolled glucose (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65-3.11), hyperglycemia (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 0.52-2.78), or hypoglycemia (OR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.27-1.75) for those receiving DPP-4i plus insulin versus other regimens.

Conclusion:

Glucose control was no different among postoperative cardiac surgery patients receiving a DPP-4i plus insulin versus other regimens. DPP-4i use was not associated with hypoglycemia.
Numerical solution of bio-nano-convection transport from a horizontal plate with blowing and multiple slip effects
Authors: Uddin Md. Jashim , Kabir Muhammad N , Alginahi Yasser , Bég O Anwar
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a new bio-nano-transport model is presented. The effects of first- and second-order velocity slips, thermal slip, mass slip, and gyro-tactic (torque-responsive) microorganism slip of bioconvective nanofluid flow from a moving plate under blowing phenomenon are numerically examined. The flow model is expressed by partial differential equations which are converted to a similar boundary value problem by similarity transformations. The boundary value problem is converted to a system of nonlinear equations which are then solved by a Matlab nonlinear equation solver fsolve integrated with a Matlab ODE solver ode15s. The effects of selected control parameters (first order slip, second order slip, thermal slip, microorganism slip, blowing, nanofluid parameters) on the non-dimensional velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, density of motile micro-organism, skin friction coefficient, heat transfer rate, mass flux of nanoparticles and mass flux of microorganisms are analyzed. Our analysis reveals that a higher blowing parameter enhances micro-organism propulsion, flow velocity and nano-particle concentration, and increases the associated boundary layer thicknesses. A higher wall slip parameter enhances mass transfer and accelerates the flow. The MATLAB computations have been rigorously validated with the second-order accurate finite difference Nakamura tri-diagonal method. The current study is relevant to microbial fuel cell technologies which combine nanofluid transport, bioconvection phenomena and furthermore can be applied in nano-biomaterials sheet processing systems.
Analysis and structure optimization on buckling destabilization and wrinkling of an automobile weather-strip seal in assemblage
Authors: Li Qian , Zhu Weidong , Zhang Lixin , Yuan Minghai
Published: August 2019

Buckling destabilization and wrinkling of an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer automobile weather-strip seal in assemblage and its structural optimization were studied in this paper. First, an innovative approach that traces buckling bifurcation paths was developed based on an arc-length method, and algorithmic parameters of the method were defined. A finite element analysis model of the automobile weather-strip seal in assemblage was then developed and analyzed using the arc-length method. The maximum buckling load, the deformation of the seal, and the thickness decrease of the lower tube wall in the critical region where it was prone to wrinkle were obtained by this finite element analysis method. Finally, an optimization seal structure was proposed and analyzed, and the deformations and the thickness decrease of the original and optimal structures in the critical regions were compared. The analysis conclusion implies that the optimal structure is more stable. The proposed analysis and optimization method can shorten the product design cycle, improve the structural stability, and decrease the design and trial-product cost considerably.
Hypnotic Suggestions Can Induce Rapid Change in Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Van Dessel Pieter , De Houwer Jan
Published: August 2019

We sometimes evaluate our environment (e.g., persons, objects, situations) in an automatic fashion. These automatic or implicit evaluations are often considered to be based on qualitatively distinct mental processes compared with more controlled or explicit evaluations. Important evidence for this claim comes from studies showing that implicit evaluations do not change as the result of counterattitudinal information, in contrast to their explicit counterparts. We examined the impact of counterattitudinal information on implicit evaluations in two experiments ( N = 60, N = 72) that included an innovative manipulation: hypnotic suggestions to participants that they would strongly process upcoming counterattitudinal information. Both experiments indicated that hypnotic suggestions facilitated effects of counterattitudinal information on implicit evaluations. These findings extend recent evidence for rapid revision of implicit evaluations on the basis of counterattitudinal information and support the controversial idea that belief-based processes underlie not only explicit but also implicit evaluations.
Resilience Among Immigrant Youths: Who Adapts Well, and Why?
Authors: Motti-Stefanidi Frosso
Published: August 2019

Successful adaptation among immigrant youths is a highly important issue for multiple stakeholders in many countries because of its potential long-term significance for the well-being of migrants and the prosperity and social cohesion of the receiving societies. In this article, I examine immigrant-youth adaptation through the lens of a recently developed resilience model. What are the risks that threaten immigrant youths’ adaptation? What are the promotive or protective influences that support their positive adaptation? These questions are addressed using scientific evidence drawn from the Athena Studies of Resilient Adaptation project, a two-cohort, three-wave longitudinal project on immigrant-youth adaptation conducted in Greece, as well as from the international literature. Risks and resources for immigrant youths’ concurrent and long-term adaptation are examined in societal, developmental, and acculturative contexts. The integrative model and related scientific findings may inform public policy, as well as guide future research.
Gendered Boundaries, Cultured Lives: The Underexplored Dimensions of Duty (Kartavya) in the Indian Family Context
Authors: Bhangaokar Rachana , Kapadia Shagufa
Published: August 2019

The article highlights gender-specific elements in the notions of duty ( kartavya) in the Indian familial context. Using a hypothetical dilemma about gender roles and employment, in depth interviews were conducted with 120 respondents comprising young adults and their parents from the Maharashtrian community of Vadodara city, Gujarat, India. A majority of respondents, men as well as women, could recognize the unfairness (towards women) in the scenario but did not accord it enough importance because doing so could result in negative consequences (like family disharmony or social isolation) for the self as well as the family. Classifying the justifications under the Big Three Ethics of Autonomy, Community and Divinity (Jensen, 1996, Coding manual: Ethics of autonomy, community and divinity, Unpublished Manuscript) showed maximum use of the ethic of community, closely followed by autonomy. There was negligible use of the ethic of divinity. Indicating cultural continuity amidst social change, younger respondents and older women showed flexible mentalities about gender roles and corresponding responsibilities as compared to those of older men. At the interface of gender and culture, the article highlights complexities, which shape ideas of autonomy and fairness in the Indian context.
Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality: An Overview With a Historical Retrospective and a View Toward the Future
Authors: McFarland Marilyn R. , Wehbe-Alamah Hiba B.
Published: August 2019

An historical overview of Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality also known as the Culture Care Theory (CCT) and evolution of the Sunrise Enabler are presented along with descriptions of the theory purpose, goal, tenets, basic assumptions, major core constructs, and orientational definitions. Recent articles, books, and book chapters provide relevant exemplars to enhance scholarly understanding and application of theory constructs. Proposed future directions encompass using the CCT to guide research of discovery and translational research projects for evidenced-based nursing practice; develop nursing courses and curricula to prepare culturally competent nurses; guide future culturally competent administrative and leadership policies and procedures; inform public policy related to cultural diversity and underserved populations; promote grant writing initiatives to enhance cultural diversity in hiring nursing staff, supervisors, and faculty; and promote admission of nursing students from underserved and/or diverse backgrounds.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Adult Prostate: A Case Report With Complete Molecular Profile
Authors: Olivas Andrea D. , Antic Tatjana
Published: August 2019

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the adult prostate is rare and associated with an aggressive clinical course. Given the limited number of cases reported about the prostate, little is known about the impact of molecular mutations on tumor biology and prognosis in adults. In this article, we present a case of primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the adult prostate with a complete molecular mutational profile of the tumor.
Redesigning the Role of Medical Assistants in Primary Care: Challenges and Strategies During Implementation
Authors: Dill Janette , Morgan Jennifer Craft , Chuang Emmeline , Mingo Chivon
Published: August 2019

Efforts to reform primary care increasingly focus on redesigning care in ways that utilize nonprovider staff such as medical assistants (MAs), but the implementation of MA role redesign efforts remains understudied in the U.S. health care literature. This article draws on rich, longitudinal case study data collected from four health care systems across the United States to examine critical challenges in the planning, implementation, and early sustainment of MA role redesign efforts in primary care. During the planning period, challenges included recruitment of highly trained MAs, compliance with organizational and state regulations regarding MA scope of practice, provision of consistent training across primary care clinics, and creation of career ladders that provided tiered compensation for MAs. During active implementation, challenges included provider training and preventing MA burnout. Strategies for addressing challenges in MA role redesign efforts are discussed, as well as early sustainment of program practices and organizational policies.
Differentiation of ADHD and Depression Based on Cognitive Performance
Authors: Paucke Madlen , Stibbe Tina , Huang Jue , Strauss Maria
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether self-report scales and neuropsychological tests used for adult patients with ADHD can help to distinguish between ADHD-specific and depressive symptoms. Method: In a cross-sectional design, differences in self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests among clinical subgroups and healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Patients in clinical groups were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) or ADHD with or without depressive symptoms according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) guidelines. Results: The Hyperactivity subscales of the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) differed between MDD and ADHD, whereas self-concept and inattention scales even distinguished comorbidity subgroups within the ADHD population. A reduced alertness and higher variations in reaction times measured by performance tests indicated problems in sustained attention in ADHD patients compared with HC. Conclusion: The diagnostic process of ADHD, and thereby the distinction from other symptom-overlapping, comorbid mental disorders, might be improved by utilizing ADHD-specific self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests, which are short, cost-effective, and standardized screening methods.
Middle School Teachers’ Concerns for Implementing the Principles of SWPBIS
Authors: Tyre Ashli , Feuerborn Laura , Beaudoin Kathleen , Bruce Jillian
Published: August 2019

Following a review of the literature to identify core principles of schoolwide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS), this study employed coding methods to examine teacher concerns as expressed in their responses to an open-ended probe in five middle schools. Teachers in all schools expressed concerns for their colleagues’ support for implementation, Tier 2 and 3 supports, use of reinforcement and consequences, and student investment. Fewer teachers expressed concerns for prevention, structuring the environment to support positive behavior, using data to make decisions, teaching expectations, and the need to understand the function of behavior. Within and across schools, teachers expressed diverse views as they affirmed their support, expressed concerns for their colleagues’ non-support, and, in fewer cases, expressed misunderstandings or beliefs in opposition to the principles of SWPBIS. Overall, tensions seemed to stem not from opposition or resistance to SWPBIS but from poor application of the SWPBIS principles in their building—by the team, the administrators, and/or colleagues. Limitations, recommendations for practice, and future research are discussed.
Lateral rectus advancement versus medial rectus recession for consecutive esotropia
Authors: Fard Masoud Aghsaei , Ghahvehchian Hossein
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To compare lateral rectus advancement with medial rectus recession for patients with consecutive esotropia without abduction limitation.

Methods:

Forty-three patients who developed consecutive esotropia following bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-two patients underwent lateral rectus advancement (lateral rectus advancement group) and medial rectus recession was performed in 21 patients (medial rectus recession group). Success rate of the surgery was based on the percentage of postoperative esophoria or exophoria of less than 8 PD, which did not require a third surgery. Mean follow-up after second surgery was 23.5 ± 8.7 months.

Results:

Mean consecutive esotropia in the lateral rectus advancement group was 24.8 ± 9.0 PD. Eight patients were orthophoric after second surgery; mean postoperative esophoria and exophoria/tropia was 5.4 ± 3.4 PD and 6.5 ± 5 PD, respectively. Postoperative success rate in this group was 90.9%. Mean consecutive esotropia in the medial rectus recession group was 21 ± 98.4 PD. Three patients were orthophoric after second surgery; mean postoperative esotropia/phoria and exophoria was 9.5 ± 5.0 PD and 5.2 ± 1.3 PD, respectively. Postoperative success rate in this group was 71.4%. Postoperative undercorrection rate of 4.5% in lateral rectus advancement group was significantly less than the similar measure of 28.6% in medial rectus recession group (chi-square, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Advancement of the previously recessed lateral rectus has improved consecutive esotropia better than medial rectus recession.
Civic engagement, political participation and the radical right in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Buzogány Aron
Published: August 2019

While the literature on mass society and social capital assumes a negative relationship between civic associationalism, political participation, social trust and populist radical right (PRR) voting, more recent studies provide more mixed evidence that fringe parties can mobilize support and consolidate by relying on complex networks of civil society organizations. However, these studies focus on supply-side explanations; there is little systematic evidence that includes demand-side evidence on PRR voting and civil society cross-nationally. Using survey data from two waves of the International Social Survey Programme, this article engages with demand-side explanations of PRR voting in five Central and Eastern Europe countries. The results show lower levels of associational membership and social trust but higher political participation among PRR voters when compared to voters of other parties. The article highlights the importance of taking into account demand-side explanations of fringe party politics.
Weekend Islamic schools in Europe: Challenges and means of development
Authors: Alrasheedi Ghazi , Almutawa Farah
Published: August 2019

Many educational centers for instructing Muslim children in the principles of Islam and the Arabic language have been established in Europe. These centers are called weekend schools; students attend these schools on the weekend to learn the Holy Qur’an in addition to Arabic language skills. The current study aimed to examine the nature of these schools and their instructional focuses. The study used a qualitative method for data collection and conducted interviews based on semi-open questions. A total of 26 participants were interviewed during the Annual Conference of the Islamic Organization Union in France in 2012. The results indicate that there is no detailed database that shows the total number or overall percentage of Muslim students who attend weekend schools in Europe. The results also show that the rate of enrollment is increasing. The results of the study confirm that most of the students are primary school students who attend these schools for only 3 to 4 hours every week. The findings show that these weekend schools face several challenges. The most important of these challenges are the weak qualifications of the teachers, inadequate curriculum, an inconvenient instructional environment, and other challenges that will be covered in this research. The researcher argues that the efforts exerted by mosques and Islamic centers to maintain the identity represented in the supplementary schools and classes called weekend schools are insufficient due to the numerous challenges that these schools are facing.
Development and full-scale validation of high-fidelity data acquisition on a next-generation wireless smart sensor platform
Authors: Fu Yuguang , Mechitov Kirill , Hoang Tu , Kim Jong R , Lee Deuck Hang , Spencer Billie F
Published: August 2019

Although wireless smart sensor platforms have been available over a decade, only a limited number of full-scale wireless smart sensor–based structural health monitoring implementations have been realized. Most wireless smart sensor platforms that are validated in full-scale implementations have now become obsolete and are no longer commercially available. While wireless sensing capabilities have grown, presenting significant opportunities, obstacles to wide application of wireless smart sensor for structural health monitoring exist both in terms of hardware and software. This article assesses the efficacy of the Xnode, a new wireless platform whose development has been driven by structural health monitoring requirements, as well as lessons learned from several full-scale wireless smart sensor deployments. The capabilities of the platform are evaluated in comparison with other commercial wireless smart sensors, in terms of hardware, software, and mechanical design. Extensive laboratory and field testing is employed to validate its performance on three aspects: fidelity of data acquisition, reliability of wireless communication, and efficiency of power management. Test results demonstrate the capabilities of the Xnode to support full-scale, high-fidelity data acquisition for civil infrastructure. In addition, the new sensor platform provides several significant benefits to extend the use of wireless smart sensors to a broader class of structural health monitoring applications, such as sudden event monitoring and real-time and control applications.
Prevalence of functional somatic syndromes and bodily distress syndrome in the Danish population: the DanFunD study
Authors: Petersen Marie Weinreich , Schröder Andreas , Jørgensen Torben , Ørnbøl Eva , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Eliasen Marie , Carstensen Tina Wisbech , Falgaard Eplov Lene , Fink Per
Published: August 2019

Aims: Little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of functional somatic syndromes (FSS) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia (FM), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), whiplash associated disorders (WAD), multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), and bodily distress syndrome (BDS) in the general population when they are investigated simultaneously. Method: This cross-sectional study is based on the Danish Study of Functional Disorders (DanFunD) cohort consisting of 9656 adults from the general population. FSS and BDS were identified by questionnaires and characterized by age, sex, vocational training, physical health and comorbidity with physical and psychiatric disease. Results: In total, 16.3% (95% CI: 15.6–17.1) of the participants fulfilled the criteria for at least one FSS, ranging from 1.7% for WAD to 8.6% for CFS, and 16.1% (95% CI: 15.4–16.9) fulfilled the criteria for BDS. Cases had a high risk of poor self-perceived health, limitations in daily activities, and a high psychiatric comorbidity, all increasing with the number of syndromes in each individual. However, the associations differed across the various FSS. Mutual overlaps of IBS, FM and CFS were greater than could be expected by chance. Conclusions: FSS and BDS are prevalent in the adult Danish population, and cases have high risk of poor self-perceived health, limitation in daily activities, and psychiatric comorbidity. These associations were particularly strong for cases with multiple FSS and multi-organ BDS.