bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial Note
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: March 2020

This Editorial Note introduces the manuscripts in this issue, pointing out the rich representation of studies by scholars from Africa. It also makes a few remarks on the hundredth anniversary of the passing of Max Weber, whose classification of sources of authority is featured in the 2020 IAPSS Annual Theme as well. Lastly, it invites scholars to submit special issue project proposals to the Editorial Board, and sets out a few rules for that process.
Identity Discourse within a Geopolitical Crisis
Authors: Lingevicius Justinas
Published: March 2020

The annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 dramatically changed routine practices and perceptions about Lithuania’s foreign policy agenda. The threat to this small state’s security marked a new era of active searching for self-definition and policy direction. The article aims to analyse the dominant tendencies of Lithuania’s identity in foreign and security policy after 2014. Lithuania is selected precisely because of its vocal reaction and concerns after the annexation of Crimea. This article analyses speeches, comments and statements made within contemporary political discourse by key political leaders in Lithuania’s foreign and security policy. It argues that – in light of potential military threat – political leaders advocate for increased self-responsibility and readiness to act as the relations with their respective partners remain both crucial and complicated.
Credibilidad testimonial del testigo en el proceso penal
Authors: Ayala Yancce Rafael
Published: March 2020

Hoy en día la gran mayoría de los jueces para valorar la credibilidad testimonial dentro del proceso penal como primer punto analizan las características personales y los cambios fisiológicos del testigo, dejando a un lado la funcionalidad de la memoria humana. La psicología del testimonio nos precisa que para valorar la credibilidad no tiene por qué examinar las características del testigo, sino que debe analizarse la correspondencia entre lo sucedido y lo que manifiesta el testigo de lo que ha percibido, ya que esto permite diferenciar entre las experiencias vividas de aquellas historias imaginadas o inventadas. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la exactitud de la memoria a la hora de reproducir la información. Una vez analizada la exactitud de la memoria y las fallas en la recuperación de la información me centraré en presentar los pasos o criterios de valoración de la credibilidad testimonial de los testigos presenciales y referenciales que debe tener en cuenta el juez a la hora de motivar la sentencia.
Considerações sobre a confissão e o método Reid aplicado na investigação criminal
Authors: Moscatelli Lívia Yuen Ngan
Published: March 2020

Ométodo Reidconsiste na técnica de interrogatório mais difundida e utilizada em investigações criminais. Manipulação, persuasão, coerção e pressão psicológica sãoapenas alguns dos instrumentos utilizados em prol da confissão, pouco importando a sua veracidade. Esse estudo visa a esclarecer os seguintes questionamentos: Qual a principal herança proveniente do sistema processual penal inquisitório e como ela se relaciona com o interrogatório policial no Brasil? Quais são os principais motivos que podem explicar a incidência das falsas confissões? No que consiste o método Reid? Quais são as alternativas possíveis a essa metodologia?
A imbricação entre maxiprocessos e colaboração premiada: o deslocamento do centro informativo para a fase investigatória na Operação Lava Jato
Authors: Santoro Antonio Eduardo Ramires
Published: March 2020

A Operação Lava Jato apresenta características maximizadas e a colaboração premiada vem sendo utilizada como principal instrumento na produção de provas. A partir desse contexto, se coloca o seguinte problema: há intrínseca relação entre maxiprocessos e colaboração premiada que deslocou o centro informativo do processo da fase instrutória processual para a investigação preliminar na Operação Lava Jato? A hipótese inicial é que a colaboração premiada é uma característica marcante dos maxiprocessos, sendo que a informação sobre os fatos que forma o convencimento do julgador é produzida durante a fase investigatória. A pesquisa foi realizada pelo método dedutivo, em nível substancialmente exploratório e parcialmente descritivo, a partir de fontes bibliográficas especialmente sobre maxiprocessos e colaboração premiada, bem como pesquisa empírica a partir de fontes documentais de dois grandes processos judiciais que compõem o complexo policial-investigativo/judicial-processual que é a Operação Lava Jato.
Conflict of Beatrice Prior in Roth’s Allegiant
Authors: Suarniti Gusti Ayu Made Rai
Published: March 2020

The title of this writing is “Conflict of Beatrice Prior in Roth’s Allegiant”. The specific aim of this scientific writing is to find out and describe the conflicts that are faced by the main character and to find out the source of the conflicts Roth’s Allegiant. This novel is the third series of Divergent written by Veronica Roth and published in 2016. The data is collected through library research and analyzed based on two main theories. The main theory which is used in analyzing this paper is theory of literature by Lajos Egri and also theory of psychology by Tayla Bauer & Berrin Erdogan in his book entitled An Introduction to Organizational Behavior, This research is analyzed based qualitative-descriptive method. Based on the result of analysis, it can be concluded that Conflict of Beatrice Prior in Roth’s Allegiant consist of internal and external conflict. Types of internal conflicts of Tris is categorized as Intrapersonal conflict. Meanwhile, the types of external conflicts are categorized as Interpersonal conflict and Intergroup conflict. The source of the conflict are differing in attitudes, values, and perceptions, differing in goals or objective, differing in personal style or personality.
Jan Nordby Gretlund's 'Eudora Welty's Aesthetics of Place'
Authors: Leer Martin
Published: March 2020

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Authors: Tamminen Seppo
Published: March 2020

- Markku Henriksson's The Eagle and the Maple Leaf: An Introduction to North American Studies

- Mich Gidley's 'Modern American Culture: An Introduction'
I. Bernard Cohen's 'Science and the Founding Fathers: Science in the Political Thought of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams & James Madison'
Authors: Nye David
Published: March 2020

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John Gerard Ruggie's 'Winning the Peace. America and World Order in the New Era
Authors: Beulcel Erik
Published: March 2020

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Godfrey Hodgson's 'The World Turned Right Side Up; A History of the Conservative Ascendancy in America'
Authors: Rasmussen Peter
Published: March 2020

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Richard Pells' 'Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated and Transformed American Culture Since World War II
Authors: Bech-Petersen Ole
Published: March 2020

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Vietnam and the Death of Heroism? Critical Approaches to a Critical Era
Authors: Wimmer Adi
Published: March 2020

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Marko Modiano's 'A Mid-Atlantic Handbook: American and British English'
Authors: Arnold Martin
Published: March 2020

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Mark R. Schneider's 'Boston Confronts Jim Crow, 1890-1920'
Authors: Nibe Anette
Published: March 2020

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Mary O'Connell's 'Updike and the Patriarchal Dilemma: Masculinity in the Rabbit Novels'
Authors: Keskinen Mikko
Published: March 2020

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES KOMBINASI GLIBENKLAMID DAN EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthumWight.) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Authors: Liem Steffi , Yuliet Yuliet , Khumaidi Akhmad
Published: March 2020

Pharmacological therapy of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is to use antidiabetic oral. Herbal medicine are also often used as an alternative treatment by patients. Even in some cases found patients combine drugs and herbal medicine to speed up the healing of DM. This study aims to know the effects of a combination of glibenclamide and bay leaf ethanol extract (BLEE) to decrease blood glucose levels and to determine its optimal combination dose as antidiabetic. The method was inducted alloxan at dose of 120 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. The animal test used were mice which divided into 8 groups of tests, the negative control (Na CMC 0,5 %), positive control (glibenclamide 0,65 mg/kg BW), combination 1(glibenclamide+BLEE 250 mg/kg BW), combination 2 (glibenclamide+BLEE 500 mg/kg BW), combination 3 (glibenclamide+BLEE 750 mg/kg BW), BLEE 1 (250 mg/kg BW), BLEE 2 (500 mg/kg BW), and BLEE 3 (750 mg/kg BW). After 14 days study, data were analyzed by ANOVA showed the difference in decrease of blood glucose levels combination 2 (230±23,69) mg/dL and combination 3 (233,75±9,93) mg/dL were significantly different to the negative control (4±6,82) mg/dL, positive control (150,75±11,34) mg/dL, combination 1 (170±10,51) mg/dL, BLEE 1 (134,5±4,61) mg/dL, BLEE 2 (151,25±6,72) mg/dL, and BLEE 3 (158,75±17,64) mg/dL. While combination 2 and combination 3 were not significantly different. Combination of glibenclamide and bay leaf ethanol extract decreased blood glucose levels greater than a single dosage glibenclamide or bay leaf extract. Optimal doses decreased blood glucose levels was combination 2.
KAJIAN INTERAKSI OBAT PADA PENGOBATAN DIABETES MELITUS (DM) DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RSUD UNDATA PERIODE MARET-JUNI TAHUN 2014
Authors: Nurlaelah Ida , Mukaddas Alwiyah , Faustine Ingrid
Published: March 2020

One of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus is a disorder of macrovascular as hypertension so that in it’s medicinal treatment required therapy with multiple drugs all at once that can lead to drug interactions. Drug interactions can result in increased toxicity and decrease the effectiveness of drugs that interact. This study aims to determine the prescription profile of DM patients with hypertension include the number of drugs prescribed, dosage forms, classes and types of drugs and the incidence of drug interactions theoretically, based on the mechanism drug interactions in outpatient installations of RSUD Undata Palu 2014. This design research is a non-experimental study with descriptive. Retrieval of patient data performed prospectively during the period from March to June 2014. Subjects who fill the inclusion criteria is adult patients that attain age of 18-60 years and diagnosed diabetes mellitus with hypertension are interview to obtain primary data while the secondary data such as medical records and prescriptions. Retrieved 61 sample. Based on dosage forms prescribe profile that most often given to the DM patients with hypertension was tablets (94.5%). Class of diabetes drugs most widely used is a sulfonylurea (21.1%) and hypertension drug classes beta blocker (12.2%). Types of diabetic drugs most widely used was glimepiride (14.2%) and hypertension was bisoprolol (9.2%). The percentage result of drug interactions theoretically was 85.2% (52 patients), drug interactions type that the most occured was pharmacodynamic interactions 72.7%. Diabetes melitus Patients with hypertension in outpatient installations of RSUD Undata Palu 2014 were most potentially subjected to drug interactions
AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL KUERSETIN TERHADAP Staphylococcus Epidermidis
Authors: Herslambang Rina Apriana , Rahmawanty Dina , Fitriana Mia
Published: March 2020

Acne is the abnormality production of sebum in the sebaceous glands which are usually caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis one of bacterial that caused acne. Quercetin have a phenolic compound that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis at 0.05% w/w. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of quercetin gel. HPMC was used as gel base. The concentrations of quercetin that was added to gel were 0.05% w/w, 0.15% w/w, and 0.25% w/w. The antibacterial activity of the gels was determined using agar diffusion method. The results showed that the inhibition zone on the F1, F2, and F3 were 7.83 mm , 6.53 mm , 4.56 mm and the result showed that quercetin gels significantly effected the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis (p<0,05). The minimum inhibitory concentration of quercetin gel was 0,05% w/w with inhibition zone of 7.83 mm.
STUDI ETNOFARMASI TUMBUHAN BERKHASIAT OBAT PADA SUKU BUTON DI KECAMATAN BINONGKO, KABUPATEN WAKATOBI, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Indrayangingsih Wa Ode Irma , Ibrahim Nurlina , Anam Syariful
Published: March 2020

Herbal plant ethno pharmacy study in Butonse has been coducted from January to april2014 in Binongko Sub-districtm Wakatobi Regency of South East Sulawesi. This research aimed tofind out various species and plant organs used, kinds of diseases healed, and the way to use the herbalplants by Butonese in Binongko Sub-district. This was a descripive research using qualitativemethod.The sample was taken through snowball technique with 17 informans by using questiomnaire.Based on the research result, it was obtained 53 species of plants and divided into 35 families thatused as medicine.The most used plants were family of Euphorbiaceae of 6 species. It was found 3kinds of unique plants used such as tali putri, daun picah, and kayu kuda. The organs used were leaf,fruit, stem, tuber, root, rhozome. Latex, flower, stem skin, and wood skin. The most used plant’sorgan was the leaves of 56%. The wey is by boiling, pounding, chewing, squeezing, slicing, smearing,burning, dropping, soaking, consuming directly, gratting, attachng, and having smoke. The most wayused is by boiling and pounding for 34% each.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PISANG AMBON (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN
Authors: Sukmawati Sukmawati , Yuliet Yuliet , Hardani Ririen
Published: March 2020

Anti-inflammatory activity test of ethanolic extract of banana leaf (Musa Paradisiaca L.) on carrageenan-induced paw edema in white male rats (Rattus novergicus L.) has been conducted. It was aimed to investigate and to determine the anti-inflammatory activity and its effective dose. The extract was prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Anti-inflammatory activity test was performed in five different groups. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The 1st group (negative control) was given 0.5% CMC-Na suspension; the 2nd group (positive control) was given diclofenac sodium 9 mg/KgBW; the 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were successively given the banana leaf extract as much as 500, 750 and 1000 mg/KgBW. Each rat was then induced by 1% carrageenan and tested using subplantar method.  The inflamed paw diameter was measured using a calliper while the inflamed paw volume using pletysmometer. The measurements were done for 6 hours long with intervals of 60 minutes. The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance). The results showed that the negative control had a significant difference with the other treatment groups which did not show any anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of banana leaf has effective anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 750 mg/KgBW
STUDI ETNOFARMASI TUMBUHAN BERKHASIAT OBAT PADA SUKU BANGGAI DI KABUPATEN BANGGAI LAUT, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Khairiyah Nur , Anam Syariful , Khumaidi Akhmad
Published: March 2020

A study of nutritious herbs etnopharmacy has been done to Banggai ethnic from March to June 2015 in Banggai Laut Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research aims at identifying every kind of herbs parts used as traditional medicine, types of diseases cured using herbs by Banggai ethnic in Banggai Laut Regency, and the percentage of the usage by the informant about herbs as a traditional medicine. This is a descriptive research that uses qualitative method and take the sample purposively through open-ended interview involved 7 informants asked by questionnaire. The result of this research revealed that there are 54 types of herbs divided into 31 family used as medicine. The most widely used herbs is from 5 species of Zingiberaceae family and Lamiaceae family. Interview result revealed that there are 10 types of chronic diseases, 3 infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases 27, and 5 used for health care body. The parts of herbs used are leaf (49 percent), stem, sap, fruit, rhizomes, roots, tubers, herbs and bark. The Banggai ethnic precede the herbs through boiled, mashed, squeezed, shredded, soaked, brewed and then consumed, drunk, rubbed, pasted, applied directly. Processing methods most often done is boiled and drunk the herbs straightly. The higher belief the society has in the herbs ability to cure the diseases the higher use of herbal medicine as an alternative of diseases healing.
AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN PEMBENTUKAN BATU GINJAL (Antinefrolithiasis) EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GEDI MERAH (Abelmoschus moschtus Medik) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN
Authors: Djamhuri Triana Riandani , Yuliet Yuliet , Khaerati Khildah
Published: March 2020

Red Gedi (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik) is a plant found only in tropical climate areas such as Africa and Asia. Some people’s experience in Manado stated that red gedi plants can be used to treat various types of disease, one of them was kidney stones. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the activity and the effective dose of red gedi leaf extract as an inhibitor of kidney stone formation. The extract was prepared by maceration using ethanol 96%. Inhibitory activity test of kidney stone formation was done by firstly dividing the labrats into 6 groups. Each group consisted of 3 male rats. Both the first group (Normal control) and the second group (Negative control) weregiven Na.CMC 0.5%; the third group (Positive control) was given Batugin Elixir at a dose of 2.7 ml/kgBW; while the fourth, fifth, and sixth were respectively given red gedileaf extract at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kgBW. After 2 hours, all treatment groups were induced with0.75% of ethylene glycol and 2% of ammonium chloride except for the normal control. Ratio of kidney weight and the level of calcium were then measured and calculated. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis Of variance) and continued with LSD (Least Significantly Difference). It can be concluded that ethanol extract of red gedileaves had inhibitory activity of kidney stones formation in all dose variation and the most effective one was at a dose of 150 mg/kgBW
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR INFUSA UMBI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans SERTA PROFIL KROMATOGRAFINYA
Authors: Diana Khusnul
Published: March 2020

As traditional medicine, bawang putih or garlic ( Allium sativum L.) can cure as antibacterial and antifungal beside on can restorative as antihypertension, antacid, carminativa (in the dyspepsia), expectorancia and anticolesterol. This research was conducted in order to know the antifungal activity of infusion of Allium sativum against Candida albicans and to identify chemical component’s of this infusion. The antifungal activity was done by liquid dilution method. The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MFC (Minimal Fungicidal Concentration) value were used as parameter to determine the antifungal activity. Concentration used in this reseach were 17,5%; 16,25%; 15%; 13,75% ; 12,5% dan 11,25% v/v for Candida albicans. The activity was done by incubating the infusion with fungal in CYG DS media of 37ºC for 18-24 hours. Identification of chemical component was carried out by paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The result showed that the MIC (Minimum Inhibitor Concentration) for Candida albicans could not be observed because the mixture was turbid. The MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) for Candida albicans was 15% v/v. The tube test and chromatogram showed that the infusion of Allium sativum contained flavonoid, and saponin.
KAJIAN ETNOFARMASI ETNIK BUNGKU DI KECAMATAN BUNGKU TENGAH KABUPATEN MOROWALI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Hermin Hermin , Ibrahim Nurlina , Nugrahani Arsa Wahyu
Published: March 2020

This study aims to find out and to inventory the types and parts of plants as well as to dig up information about ways of their utilization as remedy used by Bungku people “To Bungku”. It was conducted from August to December 2015 in Bungku Subdistrict, Central Bungku, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods and snowball sampling technique on 12 informants through data collection by questionnaire. Results of this etnopharmacy study revealed that there were 62 species of medicinal plants divided into 34 familia. The most widely used plants came from familia Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Zingiberaceae, each was as many as 8%. Parts of plant including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and bulbs were used in accordance with their function. Leaves were the ones used with the highest percentage (50%). Bungku people used medicinal plants to treat diseases such as kidney stone, diabetes, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, abscess, candidiasis, gout, cancer, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, dyspepsia, cough, abdominal pain, malaria, hematuria, skin inflammation, headache, fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma, stroke, gallstones, urinary tract infections, broken bones, nail-punctured, wound ulcers, burns, hepatitis, appendicitis. Ways of the utilization were very diverse such as boiling then drinking the decoction; crushing then rubbing on the necessary skin; attaching to the body; squeezing then drinking the juice; and heating on the fire. Processing by boiling has the largest percentage, as much as 54%
PRODUKSI PROTEIN SEL TUNGGAL DARI KULTUR Rhizopus oryzae DENGAN MEDIUM LIMBAH CAIR TAHU
Authors: Maryana Leny , Anam Syariful , Nugrahani Arsa Wahyu
Published: March 2020

Tofu wastewater is the origination of tofu’s production process that can degrade the quality of the environment if not handled properly. Another impact of this waste is the potential attack that could evoke the diseases such as diarrhea, skin diseases, and other illnesses for people who use the stream flow that has been polluted by this wastewater. However, the high-carbohydrate and protein of this waste may allow it to be used more as a microbial growth substrate to produce a Single-cell Protein. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum incubation time and the highest protein content of Rhizopus oryzae in the medium of tofu wastewater based on the calculation of protein content percentage and the analysis of cell dry mass. And to know the optimum pH growth with the variation of pH growth which is about 4, 5, and 6. The calculation is performed in accordance with the fermentation time at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total protein content calculated by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed the highest protein content obtained in the incubation period to 48 hours with an average percent of protein about 0.47%, 0.47%, 0.46% and a mass of cell with an average value of 0.77%, 0, 84% and 0.91%. The optimum pH of Rhizopus oryzae growth in the medium of tofu wastewater is about 5 pH. It can be concluded that the wastewater of tofu potentially used as a growth substrate of Rhizopus oryzae. Keywords: Wastewater of Tofu, Single-cell Protein, Rhizopus oryzae.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Misna Misna , Diana Khusnul
Published: March 2020

One of the plants tat used in medicine is garlic (Allium cepa L.). In addition as medicinal traditional plant, garlic is used as food spice. Garlic utillizated for the root only, and the skin which is rich with fibrous and flavonoid is wasted. This research aim is to know if the garlic skin have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Garlic skin made into extract with maseration methode using 96% ethanol. Antibacterial activity test with hollow diffusion methode. Te parameter used are inhibition zone created. Variation of concentration are 5%b/v, 10%b/v, 20%b/v, 40%b/v, 60%b/v, 80%b/v. Activity test made with extract added in the hole in the Staphylococcus aureus media, then incubated at temperature 370C 24 hours. The inhibition zone 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% extract respectively were 7,00mm, 8,30mm, 9,60mm, 11,00mm, 12,33m and 14,33mm
Kajian Etnofarmakologi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Oleh Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Dawuan Kabupaten Subang Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Mulyani Yani , Hasimun Patonah , Sumarna Rendi
Published: March 2020

Barat bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai obat tradisional,  bagian tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dalam pengolahan obat tradisional, cara menyiapkan, dosis yang digunakan dan cara menggunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei eksploratif dan metode observatif, melalui wawancara semi-struktural dengan 81 responden menggunakan kuesioner yang meliputi nama penyakit, nama lokal tanaman, bagian tanaman yang dimanfaatkan, lokasi tumbuh dan cara membuatnya. Setiap tanaman yang digunakan untuk pengobatan dideterminasi dan dibuat herbarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  tanaman obat yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dan berhasil dideterminasi di Kecamatan Dawuan terdapat 40 spesies tanaman obat dari  27 famili. Famili Euforbiaceae merupakan  tanaman yang paling banyak digunakan, dengan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan obat sangat baik. Tanaman obat paling banyak digunakan berasal dari kebun dari bagian  daun , dengan proses pengolahan dengan cara direbus dengan air dan digunakan dengan cara diminum
Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Herba Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.) terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan dengan Parameter Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
Authors: Putra Bayu , Azizah Rizqi Nur , Nopriyanti Eka Maryam
Published: March 2020

Portulaca oleracea L. is one of the plants empirically used as medicine and contains flavonoid compounds assumed to have an immunomodulatory effect. The research aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effect of ethanol extract of Portulaca oleracea L  by Delayed Type Hypersensitivity parameter. The research used 20 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 5 groups where each group consisted of 4. Group I as a normal group (without treatment), group II (NaCMC control), group III, IV and V (treatment groups) were given EEHK with doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 400 mg/kg BW doses. The dosage form was orally given for 7 days. On day 3, the rats were induced with SDMD antigen 10% v/v by intraperitonial and intraplantar on day 7. The observations were conducted by measuring the volume change of the rat's feet at the 4th, 24th, and 48th hours using a pletismometer. The research data obtained were statistically processed using Paired Samples T Test, One-Way Anova and Post Hoc LSD tests. The results of the research showed that the ethanol extract of common purslane was effective as an immunomodulator.
Penambatan Molekuler dan Simulasi Dinamika Molekuler Senyawa Dari Genus Nigella Terhadap Penghambatan Aktivitas Enzim Protease HIV-1
Authors: Zubair Muhammad Sulaiman , Maulana Saipul , Mukaddas Alwiyah
Published: March 2020

Nigella plant genus has potential as anti-HIV. One species of Nigella, Nigella sativa has been reported to have HIV-1 protease enzyme inhibitory activity. This research aims to determine the compounds of the Nigella genus that have activity as HIV-1 protease enzyme inhibitory activity through molecular docking method by Autodock Vina and to compare interaction stability through molecular dynamics simulations by AMBER. The metabolite of the Nigella genus was obtained from the KnapSack website, and enzyme model was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (3NU3). The results of molecular docking found the lowest affinity energy of Nigella compound is Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite (-13.4 kcal/mol). Meanwhile, the affinity energy of the ligand native (Amprenavir) was -12.1 kcal/mol. The lowest affinity energy of Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite might be predicted to have potency as an HIV-1 Protease inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulation showed Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF) value of Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite with the amino acid active site is 0.4064 Å for ASP:25 and 0.5667 Å for ASP: 125. Whereas RMSF ligand native with the amino acid active site, ASP: 25 is 0.3647 Å and ASP: 125 is 0.3639 Å. The higher RMSF value of Nigellidine 4-O-sulfite describes the lower interaction stability than the ligand native.
Kepatuhan Terhadap Pengobatan Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Jakarta Timur
Authors: Saibi Yardi , Romadhon Rizki , Nasir Narila Mutia
Published: March 2020

Prevalensi diabetes melitus berdasarkan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar yang tertinggi di Indonesia terdapat di provinsi DKI Jakarta. Ketidakpatuhan berobat pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan salah satu faktor yang mengakibatkan rendahnya kontrol glukosa darah dan meningkatnya resiko komplikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan obat di Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar  Jakarta Timur dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini berdesain cross sectional yang dilaksanakan pada April 2019 sampai Juni 2019 dengan total 175 responden diabetes melitus tipe 2. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner kepatuhan MMAS-8. Data diolah dengan menggunakan software statistik dan dianalisa menggunakan analisa distribusi frekuensi dan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 71 responden (40,6%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan sedang dalam menggunakan obat antidiabetes. Alasan utama ketidakpatuhan responden adalah bosan (43,6%). Ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat kepatuhan dan hasil tes gula darah. Untuk mengetahui lebih dalam hubungan antara tingkat kepatuhan dengan hasil tes gula darah maka perlu adanya penelitian lanjutan tentang hubungan studi prospektif hasil tes gula darah dengan tingkat kepatuhan.
Effects of Low-Energy Diet or Exercise on Cardiovascular Function in Working-Age Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Blinded End Point Trial
Authors: Gulsin Gaurav S. , Swarbrick Daniel J. , Athithan Lavanya , Brady Emer M. , Henson Joseph , Baldry Emma , Argyridou Stavroula , Jaicim Nishal B. , Squire Gareth , Walters Yvette , Marsh Anna-Marie , McAdam John , Parke Kelly S. , Biglands John D. , Yates Thomas , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J. , McCann Gerry P.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE

To confirm the presence of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in working-age adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and determine whether this is improved by a low-energy meal replacement diet (MRP) or exercise training.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This article reports on a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial with nested case-control study. Asymptomatic younger adults with T2D were randomized 1:1:1 to a 12-week intervention of 1) routine care, 2) supervised aerobic exercise training, or 3) a low-energy (∼810 kcal/day) MRP. Participants underwent echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in left ventricular (LV) peak early diastolic strain rate (PEDSR) as measured by CMR. Healthy volunteers were enrolled for baseline case-control comparison.

RESULTS

Eighty-seven participants with T2D (age 51 ± 7 years, HbA1c 7.3 ± 1.1%) and 36 matched control participants were included. At baseline, those with T2D had evidence of diastolic dysfunction (PEDSR 1.01 ± 0.19 vs. 1.10 ± 0.16 s−1, P = 0.02) compared with control participants. Seventy-six participants with T2D completed the trial (30 routine care, 22 exercise, and 24 MRP). The MRP arm lost 13 kg in weight and had improved blood pressure, glycemia, LV mass/volume, and aortic stiffness. The exercise arm had negligible weight loss but increased exercise capacity. PEDSR increased in the exercise arm versus routine care (β = 0.132, P = 0.002) but did not improve with the MRP (β = 0.016, P = 0.731).

CONCLUSIONS

In asymptomatic working-age adults with T2D, exercise training improved diastolic function. Despite beneficial effects of weight loss on glycemic control, concentric LV remodeling, and aortic stiffness, a low-energy MRP did not improve diastolic function.
Callistosporium SINGER, A NEW GENUS RECORD FOR TURKISH MYCOBIOTA
Authors: AKATA İlgaz , ALTUNTAŞ Deniz , ŞAHİN Ergin
Published: March 2020

This study aims to describe and introduce a new record for the Turkish mycobiota. Based on the similar macro- and micromorphology, and high nuclear ribosomal large subunit sequence similarity, the mushroom was identified as Callistosporium olivascens (Boud.) Bon. According to the literature research, we found out that this finding is the first record of the genus Callistosporium in Turkey.
Measures and Tools
Authors: Coghlan Alexandra
Published: March 2020

The old adage says that “you can only manage what you can measure”. Yet, it is also perhaps true that in the tourism space, where the public and private domains collide, perhaps a little more imagination is required, and sustainable tourism management tools may be required to cover the intangible aspects of tourism as well as the more tangible aspects. This is because the public domain, as highlighted in Chapter 2, holds places and spaces in the public trust – the places and spaces that we share with family and friends, that recharge and rejuvenate, that hold aesthetic, recreational, functional and emotional values for us, as residents of those spaces and places. Meanwhile, the private sector sees those same places and spaces as opportunities to generate a return on investment, often transforming them into economically productive areas through processes of urban regeneration or concessions on public land.
Impacts of tourism
Authors: Coghlan Alexandra
Published: March 2020

An impact is considered to be the change in a given state over time, resulting from an external stimulus. It is important to distinguish internal and external stimuli: a change in state from internal drivers, e.g. the maturing of an ecosystem and the successional changes in species (e.g. from grasses to trees) as a result, would not be considered an impact, under that definition. To best understand the impacts of tourism, it is easiest to examine economic, social and environmental impacts as separate categories from each other. The caveat here, is that the boundaries between categories are generally fuzzier in any given tourism context. As we become better at understanding tourism impacts, we will start to see relationships between social, environmental and economic impacts. Becken, S., Garofano, N., McLennan, C.L., Moore, S., Rajan, R. & Watt, M. (2014). From Challenges to Solutions 2nd White Paper on Tourism and Water: Providing the business case. Griffith Institute for Tourism Research Report Series Report No 1 March 2014
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Coghlan Alexandra
Published: March 2020

I hope that by now you can see that ‘sustainability’, a deceptively simple word, is a journey itself. The guiding principles of sustainability are to strategically plan using a holistic and adaptive approach; preserve essential ecological processes as well as protect human heritage and biodiversity; develop in a way that sustains productivity over the long-term for all generations; and achieve a better balance of fairness and opportunity between nations. No small task and one that defies our current business-as-usual approach. According to the UNWTO, the end goal for sustainable tourism as a sector is to “take full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities”. It’s a constant process of measuring your impacts, adjusting your practices, working with stakeholders and supply chains, keeping abreast of sustainability-oriented innovations, and scanning your social, technological, environmental, economic and political environments to be able to manage the changes that are inevitably coming your way. In this way, we move from linear thinking to a more systems-based approach that sees tourism as part of a wider, complex whole.
Interactive game “Kahoot!” as the media of students’ vocabulary assessment
Authors: Hadijah Hadijah , Pratolo Bambang Widi , Rondiyah Rondiyah
Published: March 2020

This research aims to investigate students’ perspectives on using the interactive game “Kahoot!” as the media of vocabulary test at one of the public senior high schools in Yogyakarta Indonesia. It was qualitative research with five voluntarily participating students as the participants. An in-depth semi-structured interview was applied as the data collection technique. The theme-based analysis was used in this study. The finding shows that first, Kahoot! is more practical for a vocabulary test. Second, the game can attract the students’ attention to the test. Third, it helps the students to be more active in the classroom and the last, the game makes the students more enthusiastic in doing the test. However, this research also found some negative sides of using Kahoot!; first, the students become less confident with their score, especially when they get lower scores than other students because the scores were displayed on the leader board in Kahoot! application; second, some students had a lack of knowledge in using the application; and the last, the time was limited. This study implies that the use of Kahoot! in the EFL classroom can be an alternative for teachers to teach vocabulary and provide fun learning activities for the students.
«Armonía de las esferas», de Concepción Martínez-Carrasco Pignatelli
Authors: Pacheco Suárez Ángel Manuel
Published: March 2020

Reseña del libro Armonía de las esferas (Málaga, Ediciones del Genal, 2019), de Concepción Martínez-Carrasco Pignatelli.
LAPORAN KASUS : DILEMMA TUMBUH KEJAR NUTRISI PADA ANAK DENGAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG BAWAAN
Authors: Jalaluddin Syatirah , Faradilah Andi
Published: March 2020

Seorang anak, jenis kelamin perempuan, lahir pada tanggal; 3 November 2018, berusia 7 bulan pada saat pemeriksaan, memiliki berat badan 3500 gram, panjang badan 54 cm. Anak masuk rumah sakit dengan keluhan batuk disertai sesak napas. Anak didiagnosis dengan Community Acquired Pneumonia + Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (Patent Foramen Ovale). Riwayat Berat badan lahir 2100 gram, prematur, persalinan normal. Riwayat ASI ekslusif tidak diberikan oleh ibu kandung ataupun ibu susu. Riwayat pola kebiasaan makan berupa susu formula 30 cc dengan frekuensi pemberian 6 kali sehari serta belum memulai makanan pendamping susu formula.  Status gizi anak adalah buruk dengan status gastrointestinal fungsional. Terapi gizi yang diberikan mempertimbangkan status hemodinamik bayi serta status kebutuhan kalori dan cairan bayi. Kesimpulan dari kasus ini adalah bahwa terapi malnutrisi pada anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan memiliki tantangan target pencapaian kalori tumbuh kejar yang seringkali terkendala status hemodinamik dan kebutuhan cairan anak
Analisis Simulasi Sirkulasi Udara Dalam Optimasi Teknologi Pascapanen Buah Berdasarkan Prosedur Pengemasan
Authors: Fatahillah Arif , Chudin Soleh , Dafik Dafik
Published: March 2020

Abstract:Indonesia is a producer of various types of fruit. Production and area of plantations tend to increase every time. However, its quality and safety still need attention. In general, the low quality of fruit is caused by postharvest management, one of which is in the packaging process. Specific temperatures and pressures will affect air circulation in the fruit packaging container. Besides, the good packaging design of containers will result in proper air circulation. The finite volume method is used to analyze air circulation in the optimization of postharvest technology based on packaging procedures. The results showed the higher the incoming air pressure, the temperature of the air formed in the packaging container would be even higher. The air holes with the up and down position help in the process of air circulation more evenly. More air holes will increase the temperature of the air inside the packaging container.Abstrak:Indonesia merupakan penghasil beragam jenis buah. Produksi dan luas pertanaman cenderung meningkat setiap waktu. Namun demikian mutu dan keamanannya masih perlu mendapat perhatian. Secara umum, rendahnya mutu buah disebabkan oleh pengelolahan pascapanen, salah satunya dalam proses pengemasan. Suhu dan tekanan tertentu akan mempengaruhi sirkulasi udara di dalam wadah kemasan buah. Selain itu, desain wadah kemasan yang baik akan mengakibatkan sirkulasi udara yang baik. Metode volume hingga digunakan untuk menganalisis sirkulasi udara dalam optimasi teknologi pascapanen buah berdasarkan prosedur pengemasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar tekanan udara yang masuk maka suhu udara yang terbentuk di dalam wadah kemasan akan semakin besar. Posisi lubang udara dengan posisi atas dan bawah membantu dalam proses sirkulasi udara yang lebih merata. Semakin banyak lubang udara akan meningkatkan suhu udara di dalam wadah pengemasan.
Metode Markov Chain untuk Menghitung Premi Asuransi pada Pasien Penderita Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Kasse Irwan , Didiharyono Didiharyono , Maulidina Maulidina
Published: March 2020

Abstract:This paper discusses the Markov Chain method in calculating insurance premiums for patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) at Labuang Baji Hospital. The Markov Chain Model is a method that studies the characteristics of a variable in the present that depends on its properties in the past in an attempt to estimate the properties of these variables in the future. This paper aims to determine the transition probability model for each circumstance using the Markov multistate model and to determine insurance premiums using the Markov Method. Based on the results of research and discussion, obtained a probability transition model matrix with the order 5 x 5. Next calculate the transition rate matrix, calculate the transition opportunity, calculate the density function, and calculate the premium of each event. With a large one-year term life insurance premium paid to patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) at each transition opportunity adjusted to the state of each gradient I, II, and III, with the maximum value of the premium paid that is at the state of the gradient I that moves to die with the value Ax.a|04=Rp.1.372.500.. Abstrak:Tulisan ini membahas tentang metode Markov Chain dalam menghitung premi asuransi pada penderita penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Rumah Sakit Labuang Baji. Model Markov Chain merupakan salah satu metode yang mengkaji sifat-sifat suatu variabel saat sekarang bergantung pada sifat-sifat variabel di masa terdahulu untuk mengestimasi sifat-sifat variabel tersebut untuk keperluan di masa mendatang. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model probabilitas transisi dari setiap keadaan dengan menggunakan model multistatus Markov dan untuk menentukan premi Asuransi menggunakan Metode Markov. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh model matriks probabilitas transisi berordo 5 x 5 . Selanjutnya menghitung matriks laju transisi, menghitung peluang transisi, menghitung fungsi densitas, dan menghitung premi dari setiap kejadian. Dengan Besar premi asuransi jiwa berjangka satu tahun yang dibayarkan pada pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) pada setiap peluang transisi disesuaikan dengan keadaan masing-masing gradiasi I, II, dan III, dengan nilai maksimal premi yang di bayarkan yaitu pada keadaan gradiasi I yang berpindah ke meninggal dengan nilai Ax.a|04=Rp.1.372.500..
Rosay–Dorfman – like lymphadenopathy in a patient with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome: diagnostic difficulties
Authors: Shvets O. A. , Abramov D. S. , Khoreva A. L. , Pershin D. E. , Kieva A. M. , Phonkin A. V.
Published: March 2020

Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is a primary immunodeficiency (PID), characterized by varying severity of typical symptoms: thrombocytopenia, infections, immune dysregulation and cancer predisposition. Therefore any lymphoproliferative complications in WAS patients require lymph node biopsy. However, the interpretation of the histological picture is often complicated and requires the knowledge of the lymph node pathomorphology in patients with immunodeficiency. This article describes a rare combination of late diagnosis of WAS complicated by lymphadenopathy, which clinically and morphologically resembles Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD). Parents gave their consent to use information about the child, including the fotos, in the article.
Respiratory failure in children with oncohematological and immunological diseases: methods of treatment
Authors: Ivanashkin A. Y. , Lazarev V. V.
Published: March 2020

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) against the background of a lung infection is one of the chief reasons for a fatal outcome in children with oncohematological and immunological diseases. This is due to the fact that in 16–24% of these patients, it is not possible to treat critical hypoxemia successfully using the traditional methods of mechanical ventilation (MV) of the lungs. For patients with ARDS, the method of choice for treating critical hypoxemia is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), but pronounced cytopenia, immunosuppression and hemostatic system disorders constitute absolute contraindications for ECMO, owing to a high risk of numerous fatal complications. Therefore, there remains currently a rather relevant problem: specifically, the search for alternative methods of mechanical ventilation, which would aim to improve oxygenation and gas exchange during severe forms of ARDS in children with oncohematological and immunological diseases. One of such methods is superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV).
Observation of granulocyte function during ex vivo thrombus formation for patients with ANKRD26-associated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Morozova D. S. , Martyanov A. A. , Panteleev M. A. , Zharkov P. A. , Fedorova D. V. , Sveshnikova A. N.
Published: March 2020

ANKRD26-associated thrombocytopenia is a non-syndromic hereditary thrombocytopenia for which there are currently no formal diagnostic criteria. It is known that the probability of myeloid leukemia in patients with pathogenetic variants in the ANKRD26 gene significantly increases, however, studies of the functioning of granulocytes in this pathology have not been conducted. Aims: Analysis of the functioning of granulocytes and platelets during ex vivo thrombosis in patients with ANKRD26-associated thrombocytopenia. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology. Two patients and 10 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Intracellular signaling and platelet functional responses were observed by continuous flow cytometry. Ex vivo thrombus formation and granulocyte functioning were observed on a fluorescence microscope in parallel-plane flow chambers containing fibrillar collagen. Upon physiological activation (ADP, collagen) of patients’ platelets in vitro, there were no significant differences between the platelets of patients and healthy donors. However, the observed ex vivo size of platelet aggregates was significantly reduced in comparison with healthy donors and published data on patients with other thrombocytopenias. The observed number and activity (movement velocity) of granulocytes of patients was within normal values. However, significant morphological differences were observed for granulocytes of patients compared with granulocytes of healthy donors: there was an increased spreading of granulocytes, in particular, expressed in a large number of thin pseudopodia, as well as an increased curvature of the motion trajectories of granulocytes. Ex vivo observation of thrombus formation in patients with ANKRD26- associated thrombocytopenia, a significantly reduced thrombus size is observed with normal platelet activity and increased variability in the shape of granulocytes.