bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationing of Labellum and Glossae Biomorphological Characteristics of Honeybee Workers as Breeding Tool on Honey Collection Potential of Apis Mellifera L. Honeybee Colonies
Authors: Iqbal Aneela , Rafique Muhammad Khalid , Mahmood Rashid , Noreen Mamoona , Sarwar Ghulam , Ahmad Ishaq , Shahzad Anjum , Shah Muhammad Jahangir , Ahmed Agha Mushtaque , Lashari Muhammad Akbar
Published: June 2021

This study focused on the correlation of honey collection Potential and the length and width of labellum and glossae in worker honey bees (Apis mellifera Ligustica). Sixty honeybee A. mellifera L. colonies were selected, among these 60 colonies, 3 worker bees were sampled from each colony total numbers of samples collected were 180 adult worker foraging bees. Fifteen colonies for each group were used to check the correlation of honey production with length of labellum, width of labellum, length of glossae and the width of glossae respectively. These worker bees were bought to the laboratory frozen, boiled, dissected and mounted on the slides. Measurements of the labellum length, labellum width, glossae length and glossae width were taken by the stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer at 0.8X magnification. Correlation values for the honey collectionand length and width of labellum and glossae were high and positive. These Results support the perception that worker bees with larger labellum and glossae have more ability for honey collection potential. It is concluded that Biomorphological characters of labellum and glossae are significantly correlated with the honey collection potential in A. mellifera L.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex III in Candida Albicans ADH1 Deletion Mutant Attenuates Its Pathogenicity Significantly
Authors: Guo Hui , Zhang Yi Shan , Song Yan Jun , Zhao Ya Jing , Li Shui Xiu , Li Dong Mei , Zhang Hong
Published: June 2021

Fermentation and aerobic respiration in mitochondria are coordinately regulated and compensated either when C. albicans grows in vitro or in the hosts, and the creature gain the strong viability. It’s insufficient to influent the growth, reproduction and pathogenicity of C. albicans by inhibiting the electron transport chain (ECT) CI, CII, CIII, CV, or fermentation related gene ADH1. Our study showed that the induction of AA (inhibitor of complex III) rather than SHAM (alternative oxidase inhibitor) abolishes the mitochondrial function completely （96% less ATP generation, 59% reduction in MMP), and increases ROS production significantly in ADH1-deleted mutant ( adh1Δ/ adh1Δ ) that in turn becomes hypersensitive to azole and apoptosis, less viable and more difficult to form hyphae. At the same time, the expression of virulence related genes ALS3 and HWP1 were significantly lower than that of WT under AA induction. Under the induction of AA, the mitochondrial function of WT was slightly damaged and cell apoptosis increased slightly，ROS production and sensitivity of azoles increased significantly, but mycelium formation and the growth of cells were not affected. Under aerobic growth, we observed an ADH1 - dependent mitochondrial effect in C. albicans demonstrated by 64% less ATP generation, 58% reduction in MMP and significant elevations of the ROS and apoptosis in ADH1 -deleted mutant. However, mycelium formation and azole susceptibility are not affected.
Our results suggested that ADH1 plus CIII played an important role in antifungal activity by damaging mitochondrial function, inhibiting cell growth and hyphae formation, promoting apoptosis and reducing pathogenicity.
Prevalent Practices of Solid Waste Management in the Girls Hostels
Authors: Kapri Ekta , Mehta Manju , Gandhi Sudesh
Published: June 2021

Waste is generated on daily basis through different activities of human beings, which leads to pollution of the environment, which may have serious implications on the health of the individual. Waste generation is also a big problem in schools and universities. To keep that problem in mind study has been conducted on the campus of CCSHAU, Hisar; with the objective to study the type and volume of waste generated in the girl’s hostels. The study estimated the daily waste generation from girl’s hostels and found waste generation rate was high but the waste collection rate was very low because of the improper ratio between the total number of students and sanitary worker. The waste management system in the university girl’s hostels requires not only an estimation of the solid waste but also an understanding of the students’ habits and behaviour towards managing solid waste.
Clinical Characteristics of Community-acquired Pneumonia due to Infection with Trichosporon asahii
Authors: Zhang Cen , Li Dongsheng , Qiao Man
Published: June 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients with infected Trichosporon asahii in urinary tract .Methods: Patients diagnosed with Trichosporon asahii isolated from the patients with urinary tract infection between January 2015 and November 2019, were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Clinical data were collected for each patient, including age, gender, co-morbid diseases,relevant tests,antimicrobial susceptibility test and impact on patient’s antifungal drugs , etc.Results: Ten patients (9 males and 1 female; range of age: 63–91, and average age of 80.1) were enrolled into this study. Of the ten patients, ten patient had old cerebral infarction, ten patient had coronary heart disease, five patient had hypertension, three patient had diabetes, three patient had gastrointestinal bleeding, one patient had lung cancer.Of the ten enrolled patients, all patients were suffering from cough and sputum, and five patients were presented with fever. However, there were no urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency and pain. No complications occurred. Furthermore, all patients had increased C-reactive protein (CRP), only three patients had increased white blood cell (WBC). At the same time, nine had decreased albumin (ALB),seven had percentage of eosinophils(EO%),and five had helper T lymphocytes(CD4). All patients were treated with anti-infection,and expectorant.Among antifungal drugs, amphotericin and voriconazole have higher sensitive rate.Finally, five patients were discharged with a better health condition, two patients were automatically discharged, and three patients were died.The average follow-up for patients was 3 months.,three patients were died.Conclusions: The results suggested that the mortality rate of Trichosporon asahii pneumonia is very high, therefore, patients with infected Trichosporon asahii should be more actively treated by antifungal drug such as voriconazole.
Spatial Mapping of Soil Depth, Coarse Fragments and Textural Classes of Tamil Nadu Using Digital Soil Mapping Approach
Authors: Kalaiselvi B , Dharumarajan S. , Lalitha M. , Sriniv R. , Vasundhara R. , Suputhra Amar , Hegde Rajendra
Published: June 2021

Knowledge on spatial distribution of soil depth, coarse fragments and texture are crucial for land resource management and environmental soil modeling. Digital soil mapping approach helps in prediction of spatial soil information by establishing the relationship between soil and environmental covariates. In the present study, we assessed spatial distribution of soil depth, coarse fragments (CF) and soil textural classes over 0.13 M sq.km area of Tamil Nadu state. About 2100 samples were used for the prediction of soil properties using random forest model (RF). Out of which, 80 per cent samples were used for training and 20 percent samples were used for testing. Different environmental covariates such as digital elevation model outputs, landsat data and bioclimatic variables were related to predict the soil properties. The predicted soil depth and CF ranged from 46-200 cm and 1-42 per cent respectively. The RF model performed well by explaining the variability (R 2 ) of 43% for soil depth and 21% for coarse fragments with RMSE of 38 cm and 13%, respectively. The RF classifier classified the soil textural classes with 64% overall accuracy and 43% kappa index. Variable importance ranking of Random forest model showed that elevation, MrVBF are the important predictors used for prediction of soil depth and CF, whereas remote sensing vegetation indices such as NDVI, EVI were acted as primary variable for prediction of soil textural classes. In this study, 250 m resolution detailed soil depth, CF and textural class maps were prepared which will be useful for different environmental modeling and proper agricultural management purposes.
Seismic Analysis of 10-MW Off Shore Wind Turbine with Large-Diameter Monopile in Consideration of Seabed Liquefaction
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhu Songye , Yuan Guo-Kai , Gu Quan , Ke Shitang , Pei Ai-Guo
Published: June 2021

With the increasing construction of large-scale wind turbines in seismically active coastal areas, the survivability of these high-rated power offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in marine and geological conditions becomes extremely important. Although research on the dynamic behaviors of OWTs under earthquakes has been conducted in consideration of soil-structure interaction, attention paid to the impact of earthquake-induced seabed liquefaction on OWTs supported by large-diameter monopiles is limited. In view of this research gap, this study carries out dynamic analyses of a 10-MW OWT under the combined wind, wave, and earthquake loadings. This study uses a pressure-dependent multi-surface elastoplastic constitutive model to simulate the soil liquefaction phenomenon. Results indicate that the motion of the large-diameter monopile leads to more extensive soil liquefaction surrounding the monopile, specifically in the zone near the pile toe. Moreover, compared with earthquake loading alone, liquefaction becomes more severe under the coupled wind and earthquake loadings. Accordingly, the dynamic responses of the OWT are apparently amplified, demonstrating the importance of considering the coupling loadings. Compared with wind loading, the effect of wave loading on the dynamic response and liquefaction potential is relatively insignificant.
Prevalence and Determinants of Home Delivery in Urban and Rural Philippines: Evidence From the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Amit Arianna Maever , Pepito Veincent Christian , Reyes Sarah De los , Tang Clinton , Aliazas Neil Andrew Kiamco , Sumpaico-Tanchanco Lourdes
Published: June 2021

Background: Women’s choice of place of delivery has implications on rates of maternal and child mortality. Despite notable efforts to improve maternal health in the Philippines, disparities in the utilization of health services during pregnancy and delivery persist between urban and rural communities. This study aims to provide an updated and detailed comparison of prevalence and determinants of home delivery in the Philippines, and in urban and rural communities in the country. Methods: We used data from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A total of 3,084 married or cohabiting women 15 to 49 years old with one birth in the preceding year of the survey were included in the analyses. Logistic regression methods for survey data were used to identify determinants for the choice of home-based childbirth over institutional delivery in the Philippines, and in urban and rural communities. Results: There remains a considerable proportion of 3,084 married or cohabiting women aged 15 to 49 years old with one birth in the preceding year of the survey who delivered at home [18.97% (95% CI: 16.04, 22.28)]. More women in rural areas delivered at home [22.95% (95% CI: 18.93, 27.54)] than their counterparts in urban areas [13.49% (95% CI: 9.59, 18.66)], reflecting a significant difference in the home delivery prevalence of women relative to their place of residence. Our regression analyses for all three populations consistently showed that socio-economic, individual, and pregnancy-related factors influence a mother’s decision to deliver at home. Wealth index has the most pronounced effect with a significant increase in odds of home delivery among urban and rural women of the lowest wealth categories.Conclusions: There are marked improvements in reducing maternal and child mortality in the Philippines, reflecting progress in health care services. However, our findings suggest that current strategies need to be revisited to substantially reduce preventable deaths associated with childbirth, particularly in the context of birthing location, and narrow the gap between urban and rural women. Innovative interventions targeting women with specific characteristics as reported in our study are needed. Efforts should also be made to contextualize and co-create innovations and solutions that will motivate women to deliver in health facilities.
Biochemical Response and Nutrient Uptake of Two Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Inoculated Chamomile Varieties Under Different Water Potentials
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Salehi Amin , Dehnavi Mohsen Movahedi , Mirshekari Amin , Hamidian Mohammad , Hazrati Saeid
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWater-deficit stress is one of the most important sources of damage to crop production worldwide. Adopting appropriate varieties using soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhiza(AM) can significantly reduce theadverseeffectsofwater deficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Funneliformismosseaeon nutrients uptake and some physiological traits of two chamomile varieties namely Bodgold (Bod) and Soroksári(Sor) under water-deficit stress. The pot experiment was performed in a hydroponic system within a completely randomized design considering four replications. Three levels of water-deficit stress (PEG 6000) were taken into account at water potentials of -0.4 and -0.8MPa. The second factor was AM inoculation.ResultsWater-deficit stress significantly reduced the uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, and K) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) in the shoots and roots. Moreover, the level of osmolytes (total soluble sugars and proline) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots of both varieties increased under water-deficit stress. In the case of Sor variety, the level of these compounds was more satisfactory. AM improved plant nutrition uptake and osmolyte contents while enhancing antioxidant enzymes and reducing theadverseeffectsofwater-deficit stress. Under water-deficit stress, the growth and total dry weight improved upon AM inoculation. ConclusionsIn general, inoculation of chamomile with AM balanced the uptake of nutrients increased the level of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and hence improved plant characteristics under water-deficit stress in both varieties, however, it was more effective in reducing stress damages in Sor variety.
Conditions for low-carbon green growth
Authors: Fujimori Shinichiro , Oshiro Ken , Hasegawa Tomoko
Published: June 2021

The movement toward low-carbon human system over the last decade has been remarkable. Numerical scenarios describing future energy and land-use systems that attain climate change mitigation goals have been considered important sources of guidance for climate policymaking. However, no clear strategy for materialising green growth, i.e. vastly reducing greenhouse gas emissions without diminishing economic growth, has been outlined. Here, we describe the conditions needed for green growth under a wide range of carbon budgets. The results indicate that integration of multiple socioeconomic transformative measures would support green growth, including lowering energy demand, shifting to an environmentally friendly food system, technological progress on energy technologies and the stimulus of capital formation induced by green investment. No single measure is sufficient to offset mitigation costs fully, indicating that holistic societal transformation is needed, as the realisation of all measures depends on effective government policies as well as uncertain social and technological changes.
Impact of industry sponsorship on the quality and interpretation of systematic reviews of vaccines: a cross-sectional analysis of studies published from 2016–2019
Authors: Pieper Dawid , Hellbrecht Irma , Zhao Linlu , Baur Clemens , Pick Georgia , Schneider Sarah , Harder Thomas , Young Kelsey , Tricco Andrea C , Westhaver Ella , Tunis Matthew
Published: June 2021

Background

Systematic reviews (SRs) provide the highest level of evidence and inform evidence-based decision making in health care. Earlier studies found association with industry to be negatively associated with methodological quality of SRs. However, this has not been investigated in SRs on vaccines.
Methods

We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE in March 2020. The results were restricted to those published between 2016 to 2019 with no language restrictions. Study characteristics were extracted by one person and checked by an experienced reviewer. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool by multiple reviewers after a calibration exercise was performed. A summary score for each SR was calculated. The Mann-Whitney U-Test and Fisher’s Exact Test were performed to compare both groups.
Results

Out of 185 SRs that met all inclusion criteria, 27 SRs were industry funded. Those were matched with 30 non-industry funded SRs resulting in a total sample size of 57. The mean AMSTAR 2 summary score across all SRs was 0.49. Overall, the median AMSTAR 2 summary score was higher for the non-industry funded SRs than for the industry-funded SRs (0.62 vs. 0.36; p < .00001). Lower ratings for industry funded SRs were consistent across all but one AMSTAR 2 item, though significantly lower only for three specific items.
Conclusion

The methodological quality of SRs in vaccination is comparable to SRs in other fields, while it is still suboptimal. We are not able to provide a satisfactory explanation why industry funded SRs had a significantly lower methodological quality than non-industry funded SRs over recent years. Industry funding is an important indicator of methodological quality for vaccine SRs and should be carefully considered when appraising SR quality.
Feasibility of Providing Unguided Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia to Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Western Australia: A Non-Randomised Feasibility Study
Authors: Kutzer Yvonne , Whitehead Lisa , Quigley Eimear , Stanley Mandy
Published: June 2021

Background: Approximately 60% of adults over the age of 60 years report that they have trouble sleeping. Online Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), an evidence-based form of talk therapy, is considered an effective treatment option. This feasibility study examined the suitability of an online CBT-I programme for older adults aged 60 -80 years in Western Australia.Methods: Participants with and without insomnia completed the first out of four online CBT-I modules and provided feedback via an online questionnaire regarding programme acceptability, utility and accessibility.Results: High approval ratings (91.7%) suggest that study participants believed the online CBT-I programme to be acceptable, useful and accessible, independent of their insomnia status. Potential areas for improvement were noted, including making the online programme more customisable and interactive.Conclusions: Findings from this feasibility study indicate that respondents viewed the online CBT-I programme as appropriate for adults aged 60-80 years. The full-scale study will subsequently be conducted without any protocol alterations.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Maternal Sepsis：A Retrospective Study of Whole Pregnancy Period
Authors: Zhong Xuan , Lin Rongfeng , Zhang Wenni , Luo Yiping , Wang Ding
Published: June 2021

Background: Maternal sepsis results in poor outcomes such as fetal or maternal death. The incidence and mortality rates of maternal sepsis are variable in different places because of differences in economic development, race, medical conditions, etc. Identifying the clinical features and determining the possible mechanisms for avoiding morbidity and preventing poor outcomes would benefit committed patients. Therefore, this study was an epidemiological study at a maternity transfer centre in Southeast China that aimed to identify local disease features of maternal sepsis.Methods: This was a local epidemiological study in at a tertiary care center in Guangzhou, China, from 2015 to 2019. A total of 74969 pregnant women experiencing childbirth were included in this study; of these women, 74 patients with maternal sepsis were diagnosed by the sepsis criterion, and 118 patients without sepsis in the same period were selected randomly as the control group to study possible reasons for postpartum sepsis. This experiment covers the whole period from first trimester to puerperium. The clinical data were collected via the hospital electronic medical record system. Single-factor regression and multivariate logistic regression were implemented to analyze the risk factors for maternal sepsis.Results: The incidence of maternal sepsis was 0.099%, the maternal mortality ratio was 0.004% and the fetal mortality ratio was 0.007%. For clinical manifestations, septic shock was associated with a higher severity of patient illness. All of the poor outcomes (maternal or fetal death) occurred during pregnancy. Postpartum sepsis had the longest onset period, and postpartum sepsis was associated with the premature rupture of fetal membranes and preeclampsia.Conclusions: Maternal sepsis is an important cause of both maternal and fetal mortality. Here we described an epidemiological study that evaluated the disease incidence, development and prognosis of local maternal sepsis. Furthermore, the characteristics of maternal sepsis is likely due to unknown pathological mechanisms, and patients would benefit from the identification of more effective treatments for maternal sepsis.
Selection and Stability Validation of Reference Gene Candidates for Transcriptional Analysis in Rousettus Aegyptiacus
Authors: Friedrichs Virginia , Balkema-Buschmann Anne , Dorhoi Anca , Pei Gang
Published: June 2021

Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight and their body temperature can reach up to 42°C during flight. Additionally, bats display robust type I IFN interferon (IFN-I) responses and some species constitutively express IFN-α. Reference genes with stable expression under temperature oscillations and IFN-I release are therefore critical for normalization of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data in bats. The expression stability of reference genes in Rousettus aegyptiacus remains elusive, although this species is frequently used in the infection research. We selected ACTB, EEF1A1, GAPDH and PGK1 as candidate reference genes and evaluated their expression stability in various tissues and cells from this model bat species upon IFN-I treatment at 37°C and 40°C by qRT-PCR. We employed two statistical algorithms, BestKeeper and NormFinder, and found that EEF1A1 exhibited the highest stability under all tested conditions. ACTB and GAPDH displayed unstable expression at 40°C and upon IFN-I treatment, respectively. By normalizing to EEF1A1, we uncovered that GAPDH expression was significantly induced by IFN‑I in R. aegyptiacus. Our study identifies EEF1A1 as the most suitable reference gene for qRT-PCR studies and unveils the induction of GAPDH expression by IFN-I in R. aegyptiacus. These findings are pertinent to other bat species and even bear relevance for non-volant mammals that show physiological fluctuations of core body temperature.
Life Cycle Assessment of Methyl Bromide Production and Utilization: Cradle to Grave Analysis
Authors: Manjare Sampatrao , Shanbag Amit
Published: June 2021

Methyl bromide is an effective and useful insecticide. It has ability to enter rapidly into materials at room temperature & pressure. Nowadays, it is primarily used for container fumigation purposes. However, exposure to it causes serious health-related issues. It is also one of the ozone-depleting substances. In this work, “cradle to gate” and “cradle to grave” approaches are considered to carry out a life cycle assessment of methyl bromide production. SimaPro software with the IMPACT 2002+ method is used to compute the results. From the results of cradle to gate approach, it is inferred that major emissions are due to usage of plant utilities and methanol production process which have a substantial effect on the atmosphere. From the results of cradle to grave approach, it is noted that application of methyl bromide causes significant environmental damage particularly to ozone layer followed by non-carcinogen.
The Efficacy of Topical Bacteriophage Semisolid Preparation on Burn Wounds Infected by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Piranaghl Hanieh , Taherzadeh Zhila , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Soheili Vahid , Noghabi Zahra Sabeti , Memar Bahram , Jalali Seyede Melika , Bazzaz Bibi Sedigheh Fazly
Published: June 2021

Objective: Recently, antibiotic resistance of post-burn infections caused by opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, became complicated due to its innate and acquired resistance. Bacteriophage therapy containing virulent factors that infect their specific host bacteria can be evaluated as an alternative treatment.In this study,the topical formulation contains lytic phages compared to the antibioticinthe murine model of burn/infected wound healing.Methods & Materials: Lytic bacteriophages were extracted from hospital sewage and propagated in broth culture of P.aeruginosa(24 hours, 37°C) and subsequently filtered.The collected phages were recultured alongside P. aeruginosa. The plaques were observed as clear zones and added to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) base ointment. Twenty-four adult female mice were selected and divided into four groups. Asecond-degree burn wound wascreated on the back of the mice and infected with 100 microliters of 1×102 - 3×102 CFU/ml P. aeruginosa subcutaneously. After 24 hours, each group received one of these interventions: silver sulfadiazine, ointment contains bacteriophage, ointment without bacteriophage (PEG group),or no treatment. Burn wound size, physical activity, and body temperature (rectal) were recorded every other day. On the 10th day, mice were sacrificed through cervical dislocation. Thewound’s skin was cut and evaluated histopathologically.Results: Significant differences inthe burn wound sizeamongthe bacteriophage groupversus the PEG group, the bacteriophage group versus the no-treatment group, and the antibiotic group versus the PEG group (P= 0.001, P= 0.001, P= 0.002 respectively)were observed. Mice’s physical activity was gradually improved in all groups and showed significant differences (P<0.001). Body temperature analyses showed significantdifferences only when day 8th compared with day 2nd, 4th, and 6th (P=0.001, P=0.02, P=0.02 respectively). Histopathological results indicated optimal wound healing in both the antibiotic group and bacteriophage group. However, no significant differences were observed in microscopic histopathological criteria in any groups based on Fisher’s exact statistical tests.Conclusion:Formulated phage ointmenteffectivelyprevents and treats burn wound infection in mice with no allergic reactions.
Implementation of the Findings From the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 Study in Axillary Management in Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer: A Cohort Study in a Brazilian Public University Hospital
Authors: Sanvido Vanessa Monteiro , Elias Simone , Facina Gil , Bromberg Silvio Eduardo , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto
Published: June 2021

Background: To evaluate and compare overall survival and locoregional recurrence between patients with invasive breast tumors and sentinel node metastasis undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) alone and those undergoing\\ complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed medical records of all consecutive patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma who had undergone conservative surgery at a public university hospital in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated the overall survival and the onset of locoregional recurrence using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, respectively. Results: Overall, 97 participants underwent conservative breast surgery, 41 in the ALND group, and 56 in the SLND group. The mean age was 57.8 years. Only 17% of the patients in the ALND group had an additional biopsy-proven axillary disease, and 83% were treated with complete dissection unnecessarily. The 5-year survival rates were 80.1 and 87.5% in the SLND and ALND groups, respectively (p = 0.376). Locoregional recurrence was rare (1.8% and 7.7% in the SLND and ALND groups, respectively; p = 0.196). Intraoperative assessment was performed in 90.2% and 30.8% cases (p < 0.00001) before and after ACOSOG Z0011, respectively. Additionally, a second surgical procedure was performed in 3.8% of cases after ACOSOG Z0011 criteria adoption.Conclusions: Overall survival and locoregional recurrence were similar between the two groups. The de-escalation of ALND to SLND in women with metastasis in the sentinel lymph node treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy is feasible even in developing countries.
Chiropractic website claims related to non-musculoskeletal conditions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Goncalves Guillaume , Fleuriau Philippe , Cheron Charlène , Picchiottino Mathieu , Pigeon Sylvain , Jensen Rikke Krüger
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Chiropractors frequently use spinal manipulation therapy as a treatment modality in the management of musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions such as spinal pain and in some cases in the treatment of non-MSK disorders. The latter is not supported by evidence. This study aimed to investigate the extent of non-MSK website claims from French chiropractors to assess if websites were aligned with current recommendations on evidence-based practice.Method: This was a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of French chiropractors. Information on non-MSK conditions were collected from chiropractic professional websites by two independent observers. For each non-MSK condition, it was noted whether a clarifying explanation justifying the mentioning of the condition was available. In addition, data on professional association affiliation status, country of education, years since graduation, and special clinical focus (e.g., seniors, children) were collected. Results: A total of 287 randomly selected websites were included in the study corresponding to 22% of all chiropractors registered in France. One or more of 42 different non-MSK conditions were identified on 231 websites, of which 5 (2.2%) provided a clarifying explanation. 226 (79%) websites mentioned a non-MSK condition without a clarifying explanation. The non-MSK conditions most often mentioned were sleep problems, constipation/digestive problems, unease/discontent in children and menstrual cramps/pains. A larger proportion of the websites advertising treatment for non-MSK disorders were found among those claiming a special clinical focus on infants/children, seniors, pregnant women or athletes compared to those that did not. Also, a larger proportion of chiropractors who were affiliated with a professional association were advertising treatment for non-MSK disorders compared to those who were not affiliated.Conclusion: Eight out of ten chiropractic websites mentioned one or more non-MSK diagnoses or symptoms. It is unclear if this reflects inaccurate communication or if treatments for non-MSK conditions are provided by the chiropractors.
CDK10 Regulates Gastric Cancer Metastasis By Inhibiting lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 Via Phosphorylation Level of AKT/ERK
Authors: Deng Zi-Jian , Chen Dong-Wen , Chen Xi-Jie , Fang Jia-Ming , Xv Liang , Peng Jun-Sheng , Chen Shi
Published: June 2021

Background: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common malignant disease. Both CDK10 and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to exert biological functions in multiple cancers. However, it is still unclear whether CDK10 represses tumor progression in gastric cancer by reducing potential targeting lncRNAs.Methods: The functions of CDK10 and lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 in proliferation, invasion and migration were assessed by MTS assays, colony formation assays, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, Transwell assays, wound healing assays and animal experiments. We used high-throughput sequencing to confirm the existence of lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 and quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate lncRNA expression. Then, with RNA-seq sequencing as well as GO function and KEGG enrichment analysis, we identified the signaling pathways in which lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 was involved in gastric cancer. Finally, western blotting was used to identify the genes regulated by lncRNA-C5ORF42-5.Results: Our results showed that CDK10 is expressed at relatively low levels in gastric cancer cell lines and inhibits the progression of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Next, based on high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel lncRNA, lncRNA-C5ORF42-5, in the stable CDK10-overexpressing cell line compared with the CDK-knockdown cell line and their controls. Additionally, we confirmed that lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 acts as an oncogene to promote metastasis in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. We then ascertained that lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 is a major contributor to the function of CDK10 in gastric cancer metastasis by upregulating lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 to reverse the effects of CDK10 overexpression. Finally, we explored the mechanism by which lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 overexpression affects gastric cancer cells to elucidate whether lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 may increase the activity of the SMAD pathway of BMP signaling and promote the expression of EMT-related proteins, such as E-cadherin. Additionally, overexpression of lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 affected the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CDK10 overexpression represses gastric cancer tumor progression by reducing lncRNA-C5ORF42-5 and hindering activation of the related proteins in metastatic signaling pathways, which provides new insight into developing effective therapeutic strategies in the treatment of metastatic gastric cancer.
Ascogregarina Taiwanensis Interfere in the Performance of Aedes Albopictus and in the Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti to Temephos and Azadirachta Indica Oil
Authors: Prophiro Josiane Somariva , Pereira Thiago Nunes , de Oliveira Joice Guilherme , Costa Felipe Allan Silva da , Júnior Harry Luiz Pilz , de Lemos Alessandra Bittencourt , Silva Onilda Santos da , Silva Mario Antônio Navarro da
Published: June 2021

Background: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are mosquitoes commonly adapted to tropical and subtropical regions. These vectors can transmit different types of arboviruses causing a serious concern to public health. New alternatives for the vector/arboviruses control are emerging, and in this sense the protozoan Ascogregarina taiwanensis may present potential as a biological control agent against these mosquitoes. Methods: To evaluate the effects of protozoan A. taiwanensis, mosquitoes were parasitized with a solution containing oocysts and evaluated to lifetime, fertility, fecundity for Ae. albopictus and for Ae. aegypti interaction with Azadirachta indica and Temephos. Results: In this work it was possible to observe the protozoan morphology in mosquitoes Ae. albopictus, as well its negative influence on mortality, 73% and non-parasitized was 44%. The number of eggs oviposited by parasitized females of Ae. albopictus was lower (3,490) than for the non-parasitized females (5,586). In addition, the hatchability and/or viability of these eggs were also lower for the parasitized females (63%) than the non-parasitized ones (74%). For Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, a synergism between the use of A. taiwanensis associated with a chemical insecticide and a botanical insecticide was observed. The results demonstrate that when Ae. aegypti larvae was parasitized by A. taiwanensis and exposed to the oil of Az. indica or to the organophosphate Temephos present a greater mortality. Conclusion: It was notable that A. taiwanensis can be a potential for biological control and adjuvant of insecticides. We also provide important information about the maintenance of A. taiwanensis in laboratory.
Tocilizumab is Associated with Increased Risk of Fungal Infections Among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 and Acute Renal Failure: An Observational Cohort Study.
Authors: Burger Barrett J , Epps Sarenthia M. , Cardenas Victor M. , Jagana Rajani , Meena Nikhil K. , Atchley William T.
Published: June 2021

Research QuestionDoes treatment with tocilizumab increase the risk of a fungal infection in critically ill patients with coronavirus-19?BackgroundNumerous therapies have been re-evaluated as possible treatment options for coronavirus-2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. Tocilizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 receptor that has been proposed as a therapy for patients with severe coronavirus-19 pneumonia. The immunomodulatory effects of tocilizumab may have the unintended consequence of predisposing recipients to secondary infections. We sought to assess the risk of invasive fungal disease and the therapeutic impact of tocilizumab on hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit length of stay in critically ill patients with severe coronavirus-19.MethodsRecords of critically ill patients with coronavirus-2019 admitted from March to September 2020 at our institution were reviewed. The risk for fungal infections, intensive care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation in those that received tocilizumab in addition to standard coronavirus-2019 treatments was assessed. ResultsFifty-six critically ill patients treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir for coronavirus-2019 were included, of which 16 patients also received tocilizumab. The majority of the cohort was African American, Asian, or other ethnic minorities (53.6%). Invasive fungal infections occurred in 10.7% of all patients and infection rates were significantly higher in the tocilizumab group than in the control group (31.2% vs 2.5%, Risk Difference [RD]= 28.8%, p<0.01). The increased risk in the tocilizumab group was strongly associated with renal replacement therapy. There was a dose-response relation between the risk of fungal infection and doses of tocilizumab, with 2.5% of infections occurring with zero doses, 20% with a single dose (RD=17.5%), and 50% with two doses (RD=47.5%) (trend test p<0.001). In addition, ICU LOS (23.4 days v 9.0 days, p <0.01), duration of mechanical ventilation (18.9 v. 3.5 days, p=0.01), and hospital LOS (29.1 v. 15.5, p <0.01) were increased in patients that received tocilizumab. ConclusionsRepurposed therapies, such as tocilizumab, may have a role in the treatment of severe coronavirus-2019 pneumonia but safety concerns remain. In this cohort, tocilizumab treatment was associated with an increased risk of fungal infection in those that were critically ill and received renal replacement therapy. Tocilizumab was also associated with increased ICU and hospital LOS and duration of mechanical ventilation.
Child Injury Burden and Risk Profile in a Bangladeshi Rural Community: an Age-Group Related Overview
Authors: Afreen Nawroz , Billah Mallick Masum , Flora Meerjady Sabrina
Published: June 2021

Background:Child injury was a growing public health problem in Bangladesh. Recent information on variation in patterns of non-fatal injury, severity, and risk-profile in rural Bangladeshi children was unavailable. This study aimed to determine current burden of non-fatal injury and risks considering severity in disability-days in child age-groups in a rural community. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly chosen children (<18-year) from selected households of village-clusters with pretested semi-structured questionnaires and checklist for household-environment between May-June 2018 in selected sub-district. Besides descriptive analysis, Chi-square test and Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated for identifying risk profiles. An injury was considered minor when regular activities were hampered <30 days and major when ≥30 days. A minor injury must have occurred in the previous three months and a major injury in previous year.Results:For 918 children, prevalence of major and minor injury were 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.6) and 7.4 (95% CI 5.8-9.3) with highest in 5-9 and 1-4-year respectively. Commonest pattern was fall injury, followed by cut injury, transport injury and burn for both major and minor type, with variations in age-groups. For major-injury, risks included male gender (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-18.9), dumped garbage (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.5-26.7), and exclusive/complementary use of non-electric power-source (OR 5, 95% CI 1.2-16.1). For minor-injury, risks for all age groups were ≥5 working hours/day of a mother (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-7.2), supervision of <6 children during her works (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.05-13) and open fireplaces (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3-7.2). When analysis of minor injury considering specific age-groups was done, mothers’ ≥5 working hours and child-supervision were particularly found risky for 1-4 year; open fireplaces for 5-9 year; along with male gender, uneducated mothers for 10-14 year. Conclusions: Prevalence of major and minor injuries were though lower, still required intervention for further reduction and the variabilities in burden, patterns, severity and risks among age-groups could be considered for prioritizing interventions. As risk characteristics were not well established in a cross-sectional study, further case-control study with a qualitative part was recommended for assimilation of risk-profile to guide policy formulation.
Dark matter density extraction using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Dongre Pratik
Published: June 2021

Ever since its discovery back in 1964 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has been of great interest to cosmologists and played a crucial role in understanding and studying the early universe .One of the most interesting topic of current interest is dark matter and its existence is by now well established. By analyzing the CMB data we can estimate the dark matter density of the universe.With vast amount of astronomical data already present and a more vast amount which is to come in future, Machine Learning techniques can provide a variety of benefits in astrophysical and cosomological research. Here I explore the use of deep learning to estimate dark matter density. I have used convolutional neural networks in this paper. I have used simulated CMB temprature maps as a dataset to train the neural networks and correlate the dark matter density from the power spectrum of the corrseponding simlutaed CMB temprature map.
Serum and Gene Expression Profile of Cytokines Following Combination of Yoga Training and Vitamin D Supplementation in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Naderi Mehdi , Kordestani Hajar , Sahebi Zahra , Khedmati-zareh Vahid , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh , Kaviani Mojtaba , Wiskemann Joachim , Shamsi Mahdieh Molanouri
Published: June 2021

Background

This study aimed to examine the effect of a combination of yoga training with high vitamin D dose supplementation on expression and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines and psychophysical status of breast cancer survivors.
Methods

Thirty volunteered breast cancer survivors (48 ± 8 yrs.) were randomly allocated to a high dose (4000 IU) of vitamin D supplementation (HD) group (n = 10), yoga with a high dose of vitamin D (YHD) group (n = 10), and yoga with a low dose (2000 IU) of vitamin D (YLD) group (n = 10). Participants performed the Hatha yoga style for 12 weeks, twice a week. Blood samples, quality of life (Qol) questionnaire, and physical performance tests were taken before and after the intervention
Results

Body fat percentage (ηp2 = 0.36), handgrip strength (ηp2 = 0.41), and Qol indicators include global health (ηp2 = 0.54), functional scales (ηp2 = 0.49), and symptoms scales (ηp2 = 0.50) were significantly improved in the both YHD and YLD groups compared to the HD group (p < 0.05). Also, interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were markedly increased in the Y-HVD group compared to the Y-LVD and HVD groups. Moreover, there were significant decreases in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 levels in the Y-HVD group after the intervention. The anti-inflammatory index (IL-10/TNF-α) was significantly increased in both the yoga groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

Yoga promotes physical and psychological fitness and, in combination with a high dose of vitamin D, improves the cytokine profile, which can effectively manage the side effects associated with cancer.
The Nucleolar DExD/H Protein Hel66 is Involved in Ribosome Biogenesis in Trypanosoma Brucei
Authors: Bakari-Soale Majeed , Ikenga Nonso Josephat , Scheibe Marion , Butter Falk , Jones Nicola Gail , Kramer Susanne , Engstler Markus
Published: June 2021

The biosynthesis of ribosomes is a complex cellular process involving ribosomal RNA, ribosomal proteins and several further trans-acting factors. DExD/H box proteins constitute the largest family of trans-acting protein factors involved in this process. Several members of this protein family have been directly implicated in ribosome biogenesis in yeast. In trypanosomes, ribosome biogenesis differs in several features from the process described in yeast. Here, we have identified the DExD/H box helicase Hel66 as being involved in ribosome biogenesis. The protein is unique to Kinetoplastida, localises to the nucleolus and its depletion via RNAi caused a severe growth defect. Loss of the protein resulted in a decrease of global translation and accumulation of rRNA processing intermediates for both the small and large ribosomal subunits. Only a few factors involved in trypanosome rRNA biogenesis have been described so far and our findings contribute to gaining a more comprehensive picture of this essential process.
Predictive Factors for Sperm Retrieval in Males With Non-obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsun , Chen Marcelo , Chiang Pai-Kai , Tsai Wei-Kung , Chiu Allen W , Chen Yi-Zhong
Published: June 2021

The aim of the current study was to investigate the predictive markers for males with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) before they received conventional testicular sperm extraction (cTESE) or microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE). Between January 2010 and December 2020, a total of 56 patients who received cTESE or microTESE surgery at the Urology department of the MacKay Memorial Hospital were included. Our univariate analysis revealed that the following parameters was associated with sperm retrieval: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testicular volume, histopathology of maturation arrest and Sertoli cell-only. The multivariate analysis showed that Sertoli cell-only was significantly less likely to harvest spermatozoa than normal spermatogenesis (OR = 0.03 (0.002-0.42); p = 0.01). A comparison of cTESE and microTESE revealed that the overall successful sperm retrieval rate was not significantly different between the two methods (74.1% vs. 58.6, p = 0.22). This study demonstrated that lower levels of FSH, LH and prolactin, and a higher testicular volume and better histopathology were associated with a higher sperm retrieval rate in the univariate analysis. In the multivariable analysis, only Sertoli cell-only syndrome appeared to have a significantly negative effect on the successful harvesting of sperm when compared with normal spermatogenesis.