bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTIFICANDO O MEDO: CARTOGRAFIA E PERCEPÇÃO DA COVID-19 NA MALHA RODOVIÁRIA NA PORÇÃO NORTE DOS VALES DOS RIOS ARAGUAIA E TOCANTINS
Authors: Gomes de Aguiar Vinicius , Venâncio Ramos Júnior Dernival , Gonçalves Costa Kênia , Sodré da Luz Silva Dias Reges
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho espacializa a evolução das notificações dos casos de COVID-19 em Araguaína. Também descreve a percepção sobre a pandemia a partir do contexto das relações com as cidades e a malha rodoviária existente na porção norte dos vales dos rios Araguaia e Tocantins, que compreende o norte do estado do Tocantins, o sudeste do estado do Pará e sul do Maranhão. Os dados utilizados para entender a evolução das notificações de COVID-19 foram disponibilizados pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde do Tocantins e Maranhão, assim como pelas prefeituras municipais paraenses devido a incompatibilidade com os números apresentados pelo estado do Pará. Esses dados foram organizados cartograficamente para auxiliar no entendimento de como o contexto espacial dos casos de COVID-19 de Araguaína podem estar conectados com comportamento regional na proliferação do vírus, bem como sua incidência por 100 mil habitantes, apontando que a conexão por meio da malha rodoviária regional e o fluxo social desse território induzem no aumento contínuo dos casos de COVID-19.Outro procedimento que auxiliou na compreensão da relação de Araguaína com este espaço foi a aplicação de questionários relacionado à percepção das pessoas dessas cidades em relação ao COVID-19, onde foi destacado que na porção norte dos vales, o medo é a imagem mental preponderante sobre a pandemia. Esses dois conjuntos de dados ajudam a conhecer as duas dimensões significativa da Pandemia no interior do país.
MAPEAMENTO DE COVID-19 E ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL: FERRAMENTAS DE MONITORAMENTO E VIGILÂNCIA EM SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Matsumoto Patricia Sayuri Silvestre , Tenório Crepaldi Marcelo , Avanzi Júnior Paulo Sérgio , Buttler de Oliveira Matheus , De Sousa Regala Raisa Maria , Vasco Rosseal Thaís , Pereira Caetano de Lima João Pedro
Published: July 2020

Contexto: A pandemia de COVID-19 tem demandado esforços dos sistemas de saúde em todo mundo. Uma análise local e geográfica, elaborada por meio de ferramentas de geotecnologias, é capaz de orientar a tomada de decisão e definir áreas prioritárias ao enfrentamento dessa nova doença. Objetivo: O presente estudo faz parte do esforço do Laboratório de Biogeografia e Geografia da Saúde da UNESP de Presidente Prudente para dar suporte à tomada de decisão em situação de emergência em saúde pública. Para isso, tem como objetivo analisar a concentração de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 em Presidente Prudente – SP, Brasil, considerando também as medidas de isolamento social. Metodologia: Os dados são oriundos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Presidente Prudente (de 28/02/2020 a 30/04/2020) e do Estado de São Paulo. Utilizamos uma API de geocodificação do Google Maps e elaboramos os mapeamentos em Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Calculamos a função K de Ripley dos casos de COVID-19, aplicamos o estimador de intensidade de Kernel e cruzamos as áreas de maiores concentrações dos casos com variáveis socioeconômicas do IBGE (menor renda, maior número de idosos e habitantes) para a identificação de áreas vulneráveis. Resultados: Os casos em Presidente Prudente estão aglomerados de 0,4 a 3,4 km. Identificamos cinco áreas de maior intensidade dos casos da doença, tanto em áreas mais centrais como mais distantes, das quais, por vulnerabilidade, as zonas quatro e dois são indicadas como prioritárias para o desenvolvimento de ações de monitoramento e vigilância. Também identificamos baixo índice médio de isolamento social em Presidente Prudente (46%), abaixo dos valores recomendados (>70%) que, por sua vez, estão correlacionados negativamente (-0,52, p-valor<0.05) com os casos de COVID-19 quatro dias após as taxas de isolamento.
EVOLUÇÃO E PERIFERIZAÇÃO DA COVID-19 NA ÁREA URBANA DE SANTA MARIA, RS: TRAÇANDO PADRÕES ESPACIAIS
Authors: Rizzatti Maurício , Spode Pedro Leonardo Cezar , Batista Natália Lampert , Erthal Douglas Bouvier , Mauro de Faria Rivaldo
Published: July 2020

A Geografia da Saúde é fundamental para o entendimento da evolução dos casos de COVID-19, levando a interpretação e a compreensão da dinâmica espacial da ocorrência da doença. É importante compreender que quanto maior for a abrangência espacial do evento, maiores as chances de propagação e maiores são os desafios para vigilância e contenção. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a distribuição dos casos confirmados da COVID-19, por bairros e por Regiões Administrativas (RA), na área urbana de Santa Maria, relacionando-a com o Índice de Privação Social (IPS) e identificando possíveis padrões espaciais decorrentes da sua evolução até a décima nona Semana Epidemiológica (SE). A metodologia do trabalho consistiu na sistematização cartográfica e análise de dados referente aos casos confirmados de COVID-19 da 14ª SE até a metade da 19ª, bem como com sua associação com o IPS, elaborado por Spode (2020). Os casos registrados demonstram o avanço da COVID-19 para regiões periféricas de Santa Maria, conduzindo a necessidade de planejamento de estratégias para o combate ao novo Coronavírus.
NOVAS EMERGÊNCIAS NO TERRITÓRIO DE ALAGOAS: DIFUSÃO DA PANDEMIA COVID-19, ROMPIMENTO DE BARRAGEM E AFUNDAMENTO DE BAIRROS
Authors: Freire Neison Cabral Ferreira , Lins Regina Dulce Barbosa , Cavalcanti Débora
Published: July 2020

Esta nota técnica se refere a um estudo emergencial sobre a sobreposição e simultaneidade de três emergências no estado de Alagoas, sendo que uma delas, a pandemia da Covid-19, tem o potencial de agravar os impactos nesse território. O objetivo principal foi mapear e analisar esta simultaneidade, bem como apresentar uma primeira discussão sobre as características da vulnerabilidade social nesse cenário, bem como apresentar uma metodologia de análise espacial trabalhando com distintas escalas geográficas, a partir de dados georreferenciados dos casos confirmados da Covid-19 no período de 25 a 30 de abril de 2020. Para uma melhor condição de análise foi criado um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) a partir de variáveis censitárias, bem como um Coeficiente de Casos Confirmados por Distritos Sanitários para a capital, Maceió. Constatou-se, assim, o padrão espacial da difusão da pandemia no estado através dos principais eixos rodoviários, bem como a influência do polo difusor do Recife, mostrando a importância da rede de cidades e sua hierarquia urbana na difusão da pandemia. Em Maceió, observou-se que os maiores coeficientes ainda estavam nas áreas nobres, embora todos os distritos sanitários apresentassem casos confirmados já nessa data.
COVID-19 NA REGIÃO INTEGRADA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL E ENTORNO (RIDE): DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E MEDIDAS SANITÁRIAS DE CONTINGÊNCIA
Authors: Silva Eliane Lima e , Miranda Marina Jorge de , Bezerra Amarílis Bahia , Matos Karina Flávia Ribeiro , Gurgel Helen da Costa
Published: July 2020

Este artigo visa analisar a espacialização das taxas de incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 na RIDE, a capacidade de atendimento da rede de saúde e as medidas sanitárias de contingência adotadas. Foram analisadas as taxas de incidência, mortalidade e ocupação dos leitos de UTI, a disponibilidade de respiradores e ambulâncias de emergência bem como as recomendações de saúde disponibilizadas pelo MS e secretarias estaduais de saúde. Desde o primeiro caso, observou-se um progressivo aumento diário e a taxa de incidência variou de 2,2 a 271,7 (casos por 100 mil habitantes) concentrando-se em Brasília-DF (53,6), Goianésia-GO (40,0) e Valparaíso de Goiás-GO (10,1) enquanto a maior taxa de mortalidade ocupa as regiões mais periféricas. Apenas 10 municípios e o DF apresentam o mínimo de leitos estabelecidos e o número de respiradores e ambulâncias atuais não atendem à demanda. Apesar do fluxo de pessoas em busca dos serviços de saúde em outro estado, não foi identificada essa previsão nas medidas de contingência estabelecidas pelas secretarias de saúde do DF, GO e MG. A experiência adquirida nesta pandemia evidencia a relevância de um sistema de saúde público, universal e gratuito e revela as fragilidades resultantes do subfinanciamento crônico do SUS.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE REDE URBANA E COVID-19 EM MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Batella Wagner , Koiti Miyazaki Vitor
Published: July 2020

O ano de 2020 marcou a primeira pandemia do século XXI causada pela COVID-19, doença transmitida pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Tendo surgido na cidade chinesa de Wuhan, o vírus se espalhou rapidamente para outras partes do mundo, chegando ao Brasil no final de fevereiro. Desde então, a população brasileira acompanha atônita a difusão espacial do vírus no território nacional. A entrada no país deu-se por São Paulo, maior e mais importante centro urbano do Brasil, e hoje está presente em todos os estados. Neste texto trataremos especificamente do estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de analisar as relações entre a dinâmica espacial da COVID-19 e a configuração da rede urbana mineira. Para tanto, tomamos como base os dados disponibilizados pelo IBGE, bem como da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG). Os resultados permitem uma série de reflexões sobre a dinâmica espacial da doença, particularmente sobre seu processo de difusão, bem como sua forte relação com as interações e as concentrações espaciais de pessoas.
MODELAGEM AMBIENTAL PARA COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2) EM SISTEMAS DE ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO COMO INSTRUMENTO AUXILIAR NAS AÇÕES DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Soares Alexandra Fátima Saraiva , Nunes Bárbara Caroline Ricci , Costa Flávia Cristina Rodrigues , Silva Luís Fernando de Morais , Souza Luís Paulo Souza e
Published: July 2020

Diante da ocorrência de RNA do SARS-CoV-2 em fezes de pacientes infectados, este artigo apresenta informações acerca das vantagens do uso de modelagem ambiental de sistemas de esgotamento sanitário para o diagnóstico coletivo da COVID-19, especialmente no Brasil. A revisão da literatura foi conduzida, principalmente, em bases de dados científicas eletrônicas, nacionais e internacionais. Apesar de, até o momento, poucos estudos indicarem o potencial de contaminação do SARS-CoV-2 pelo esgoto sanitário, as análises realizadas direcionam para que esta proposição seja considerada nas ações de vigilância à saúde. A abordagem da Epidemiologia de Esgotos tem sido utilizada com sucesso em alguns países para rastrear e fornecer alertas precoces de surtos de vírus. No Brasil, considerando o aumento de casos da COVID-19, as restrições da testagem em massa e as condições fragilizadas do saneamento, focar na vigilância dos sistemas de esgotamento sanitário poderá auxiliar as ações adotadas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e demais setores no enfrentamento da pandemia. Assim, o emprego da modelagem é oportuno para simular e conhecer a extensão da contaminação da população pela COVID-19, bem como o espalhamento da doença em determinada região, constituindo alternativa complementar aos procedimentos de triagem clínica, visando a auxiliar na promoção da saúde pública.
Peran Laki-Laki dalam Program Pemberdayaan Perempuan
Authors: Jaya Pajar Hatma Indra
Published: July 2020

Muhammad Yunus percaya bahwa membuka akses ke pinjaman bank merupakan cara yang paling penting untuk pengentasan kemiskinan dan wanita lebih dapat dipercaya dalam menggunakan uang daripada laki­laki. Cara ini berhasil dipraktikan Yunus di Bangladesh yang diapresiasi dengan hadiah nobel perdamaian. Keberhasilan tersebut telah menggugah banyak negara untuk menerapkan model­nya, termasuk Indonesia dengan program Simpan Pinjam Perempuan (SPP) PNPM Mandiri di daerah pedesaan. Program ini memberikan akses khusus kepada perempuan untuk memperoleh pinjaman, sedangkan laki­laki tidak diperbolehkan mengakses program. Menjadi penting untuk memeriksa bagaimana peran laki­laki dalam penggunaan pinjaman dari Program SPP, mengingat dominasi budaya patriarki dalam masyarakat Jawa. Makalah ini menemukan bahwa ada beberapa jenis peran laki­laki dalam program. Salah satu jenisnya dramaturgi; meskipun perempuan secara resmi mengambil pinjaman, tetapi suaminya yang benar­benar menjalankan bisnis tersebut.[Muhammad Yunus believes that opening access to bank loan is the most important way for poverty alleviation and women are more credible than men in monetary management. This method is successfully practicing in Bangladesh and Yunus got the Nobel Peace Prize. This success story has inspired many countries to implement its models, including Indonesia with the Simpan Pinjam Perempuan (SPP) PNPM Mandiri program in rural areas. The program provides special access to women to obtain a loan, while men are not allowed to access the program. It becomes important to examine how the male role in using the SPP loan program is due to the dominance of patriarchal culture among Javanese societies. This article discovers that there are several types of male role in this program, one of them is type of dramaturgy; the woman formally takes the loan, but her husband who actually runs the business.]
Tunggu Tubang: Marginalisasi Perempuan Semende
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Delfi Maskota , Pujiraharjo Sidarta
Published: July 2020

Semende ataupun komunitas Semendo adalah sebuah kelompok etnik yang tinggal di daerah pegunungan Sumatra Selatan. Sebuah aspek penting dari kultur kehidupan mereka adalah tunggu tubang. Menurut tradisi, kekayaan keluarga yang terdiri dari rumah keluarga dan lahan pertanian, akan diserahkan kepada anak perempuan tertua dalam setiap generasi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tradisi tunggu tubang sebagai identitas yang unik yang membedakan komunitas Semende dengan komunitas lain. Disamping untuk menjaga keberlangsungan komunitas, tunggu tubang juga sebagai alat legitimasi untuk kontrol kekuasaan gender oleh laki-laki di masyarakat. Tunggu Tubang sebagai alat legitimasi laki-laki terbukti dari penempatan perempuan “atas nama adat” tampaknya memiliki kekuatan. Maka, komunitas Semende dikenal menggunakan sistem matrilineal. Bagaimanapun, tunggu tubang menguatkan posisi laki-laki yang memposisikan dirinya sebagai meraje, yang “atas bama adat” juga dianggap berhak untukk mengontrol (seringkali sewenang-wenang) keberlanjutan tunggu tubang.[The Semende or also known as Semendo communities are a distinctive ethnic group residing in the mountainous areas of South Sumatra Province. An important aspect of their cultural life is known as tunggu tubang. According to tradition the family’s property, which consist of family house and agricultural fields, are passed on to the eldest daughter in each generation. This article attempts to explain the position of tunggu tubang as a unique identity differentiator of the Semende communities in contrast with other communities. Besides a means to protect the community’s survival, tunggu tubang has developed at the same time as a tool of legitimacy of political gender power control by males in the community. Tunggu tubang as a tool of legitimacy of men is evident from the placement of women “in the name of custom” seem to have power, so the community is often legitimized Semende as matrilineal. However, tunggu tubang is strengthening the position of the man who positioned himself as meraje that “in the name of custom” is also considered to be entitled to control (often arbitrarily) tunggu tubang sustainability.]
Ruang Pembebasan Sebagai Politik Perlawanan Perempuan NU
Authors: Eriyanti Linda Dwi
Published: July 2020

Artikel ini adalah tentang perlawanan politik perempuan NU, yang ditelusuri dengan mengidentifikasi pemikiran dan tindakan mereka untuk membebaskan diri dari kekerasan. Tujuan dari karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi (1) pemikiran para perempuan NU mainstream dan non-mainstream tentang kekerasan, (2) tindakan apa yang diambil oleh perempuan NU mainstream dan non-mainstream sebagai preskripsi untuk membebaskan perempuan dari kekerasan. Penelitian ini melihat politik mikro dan politik informal, dengan menekankan kepada individu perempuan, sejalan dengan semboyan dari kaum feminis, yakni the personal is political. Dengan menggunakan perspektif Feminis Postmodern dan model Carnivalesque dari Mikhail Bakhtin, penulis mengidentifikasi perlawanan yang dibuat oleh perempuan NU non-mainstream. Karya ilmiah ini menemukan bahwa pemikiran perempuan NU non-mainstream menafsirkan kekerasan sebagai hal yang bersifat spasial. Oleh karena itu solusi yang ditawarkan untuk membebaskan perempuan dari kekerasan adalah dengan menghindari ruang dimana ia mendapatkan kekerasan dan dengan menciptakan ruang untuk pembebasan. Ruang pembebasan ini berupa forum-forum informal yang ada dilingkungan dimana mereka tinggal dan beraktifitas.[This article is about the political resistance of NU women, which is carried out by raising thoughts and actions in order to free themselves from violence. The purpose of this work is to identify (1) the thoughts of mainstream and non-mainstream NU women about violence, (2) what actions were taken by mainstream and non-mainstream NU women as prescripts to liberate women from the violence. This study looking at micro politics, informal politics, by emphasizing the personal is political. With the Postmodern Feminist perspective and the Carnivalesque model from Mikhail Bakhtin, the author identifies the resistance made by non-mainstream NU women. This scientific work found that the thoughts of non-mainstream NU women interpreted violence as spatial, and therefore the solutions offered were in the form of efforts to get out of the space of violence and create a space for liberation take advantage of informal forums around them.]
MUḤAMMAD NAṢR AL-DÎN AL-ALBÂNÎ AND HIS METHOD OF CORRECTING AND WEAKENING THE HADITH: A CRITICAL READING
Authors: Farida Umma
Published: July 2020

This article aims to describe Muḥammad Naṣr al-Dîn al-Albânî as one of the contemporary scholars who have devoted his efforts in the field of Hadith Science. He believes that the ability to determine the truth or falsity of a hadith not only limited to being done by the earlier clerics, even present scholars may also pass judgment on the validity or weakness of a hadith which is not rated yet by the earlier scholars because according to him, the assessment of hadith is ijtihad which is not stopped until now. By researching some of the work of al-Albânî in the field of hadith, the study is expected to contribute ideas related to al-Albânî method in judgment on the validity or weakness of hadith, and to analyze the consistency of application of his method in the validation of hadith and weaken it. This research shows that al-Albânî followed his discretionary approach, so it is not surprising that many people criticize, given his frequent retreat from his corrections and weaknesses, and the proof of the contradictory provisions of one hadith in different places, and his disorder in documenting narrators.
PÉGON SCRIPT PHENOMENA IN THE TRADITION OF PESANTREN'S QUR’ANIC COMMENTARIES WRITING
Authors: Baidowi Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Relations that exist between the Qur'an and local traditions of society cause variations in the exegesis writing tradition. One of the reasons why there are variations is to make it easier for the public to understand the contents of the Qur'an. This is as happened in Javanese society, with the tradition of using the pégon script in exegesis writing. The pégon script is generally used by the Javanese as a medium for scientific transmission. Pegon script and pesantren is like the two sides of the coin that cannot be mutually separated. History shows, pégon becomes an important part in pesantren world civilization because the learning and intellectual works of pesantren are very dominant with the pégon tradition. This study uses a phenomenological approach as an effort to explain the phenomenon of the writing of the pégon in pesantren exegesis. This study concludes that the use of the pégon script in the writing of pesantren works such as Tafsir Al-Ibrīz fī Ma'ānī al-Qur'ān al-`Azīz by KH Bisri Mustafa, Al-Iklīl fī Ma`ānī al-Tanzīl by KH Misbah Mustafa Mustafa and Tafsir Al-Maḥallī by KH Mudjab Mahalli is not just a communication tool to convey the writer's message to the reader, however, more than that, it has educational functions in many ways. This can be seen in the use of the pégon script with the Gandul translation model. The use of the meaning of gandhul in the exegesis using pégon becomes a kind of Arabic-Javanese dictionary because the translation process uses the word for word model, so this makes it easier for Javanese people to understand the contents of the Qur'an. Besides that, the use of the pégon script in Javanese pesantren exegesis writing also functions as a medium for learning nahwu or Arabic grammatical system and also as a cultural identity of Javanese society.
Historyczne przesłanki kształtowania się polskiej kultury organizacyjnej oraz jej współczesne manifestacje w postawach i doznaniach psychicznych
Authors: Hryniewicz Janusz T.
Published: July 2020

The aims of the paper are: 1. Description (of the place) of Poland in the context of the economic and cultural divisions of the European space. 2. Checking if the hitherto divisions of European space are still important. In this context, the cultural division of European space is analyzed in cross – Catholic and Protestant – cultural circles. Economic division was initiated in the XVI century and divided Europe into two parts. In the first of them (Western Europe) capitalism was initialized. In the second the East European economic system has emerged. This economic system was based on agriculture and its key institution was the manor farm. The Polish organizational culture is an effect of participation in: the Catholic cultural circle and East European economic system. Contemporary researches show that the manor farm tradition is still in existence in the attitudes of workers and managers alike.
Refleksja nad koncepcją folwarcznych korzeni polskiej kultury gospodarczej Janusza Hryniewicza
Authors: Banach Wiesław
Published: July 2020

The main aim of the article is to examine Janusz Hryniewicz’s concept of Polish economic culture. According to the discussed author, a lot of elements present in contemporary Polish companies and organizations (economic practices) are the result of participation in an East-Central Europe economic and social system based on agriculture. Processes of long duration led to a division of the European space in the 16th century: in Western Europe we can see the development of capitalism and its institutions; in East-Central Europe, the rise of a social and economic system based on the manorial-serf economy (called new serfdom). Hryniewicz tries to show the link between rules of misconduct in the 16th century manor farm and the contemporary attitude to the job of workers and managers alike. The paper is an attempt to show the discussed concept from an anthropological and cultural studies perspective.
Potencjał zielonej infrastruktury w dużych polskich miastach do świadczenia usług ekosystemowych
Authors: Zwierzchowska Iwona , Mizgajski Andrzej
Published: July 2020

Usługi ekosystemowe dostarczane przez tworzące zieloną infrastrukturę (ZI) ekosystemy oraz ich wpływ na jakość życia w miastach są dynamicznie rozwijającym się polem badawczym w Europie. Działania podejmowane w tym zakresie są stymulowane przez zobowiązanie krajów UE do mapowania i oceny stanu ekosystemów i ich usług na swoich terytoriach. Istotnym krokiem realizującym te wytyczne było pilotażowe opracowanie na zlecenie Ministerstwa Środowiska, które obejmowało analizę porównawczą największych aglomeracji w Polsce pod względem rozkładu ZI i jej potencjału do dostarczania wybranych świadczeń ekosystemów. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podejścia zaproponowanego w tym opracowaniu oraz jego głównych ustaleń.
Przyszłość metropolitalnego planowania przestrzennego w Polsce – perspektywa odgórna i oddolna
Authors: Mikuła Łukasz
Published: July 2020

Celem artykułu jest ustalenie potencjalnych kierunków rozwoju planowania przestrzennego na poziomie obszaru metropolitalnego w Polsce na podstawie konfrontacji zamierzeń legislacyjnych administracji rządowej z doświadczeniami praktycznymi i oczekiwaniami środowiska samorządowego. Na tle przedstawionych problemów wynikających z dotychczasowej regulacji ustawowej analizowane są proponowane aktualnie przez rząd zmiany w zakresie systemu planowania strategicznego i przestrzennego (perspektywa top-down). Badania dotyczące perspektywy bottom-up bazują na wywiadach bezpośrednich i analizie dokumentów planistycznych w gminach obszaru metropolitalnego Poznania, będącego przykładem miękkiej przestrzeni planowania. W podsumowaniu krytycznej analizie poddana została spójność systemowa rysującego się nowego modelu planowania metropolitalnego w Polsce.
Detecting Tail Risks to Preclude Regulatory Arbitrage
Authors: Thiemann Matthias , Tröger Tobias H.
Published: July 2020

This paper contributes to the debate on the adequate regulatory treatment of non-bank financial intermediation (NBFI). It proposes an avenue for regulators to keep regulatory arbitrage under control and preserve sufficient space for efficient financial innovation at the same time. We argue for a normative approach to supervision that can overcome the proverbial race between hare and hedgehog in financial regulation and demonstrate how such an approach can be implemented in practice. We first show that regulators shouldprimarilyanalyse the allocation of tail risk inherent in NBFI. Our paper proposes to apply regulatory burdens equivalent to prudential banking regulation if the respective transactional structures become only viable through indirect or direct access to (ad hoc) public backstops. Second, we use insights from the scholarship on regulatory networks as communities of interpretation to demonstrate how regulators can retrieve the information on transactional innovations and their risk-allocating characteristics that they need to make the pivotal determination. We suggest in particular how supervisors should structure their relationships with semi-public gatekeepers such as lawyers, auditors and consultants to keep abreast of the risk-allocating features of evolving transactional structures. Finally, this paper uses the example of credit funds as non-bank entities economically engaged in credit intermediation to illustrate the merits of the proposed normative framework and to highlight that multipolar regulatory dialogues are needed to shed light on the specific risk-allocating characteristics of recent contractual innovations.
A Choice Model of University Endowments Governance
Authors: Gao Xiang , Gu Zhenhua , Wang Zhan
Published: July 2020

The board of committees governing university endowments often chooses between hiring professionals to run funds and trusting denoting entities with the funds. As usual, sophisticated fund managers can construct a well-diversified investment portfolio; however, their interests may not be aligned with the university. On the other hand, donors have the advantage of assuming full liabilities for losses, but they only have access to risky projects due to their limitations in terms of accessing the available investment universe. This paper develops a theoretical framework in an attempt to explain the distinct endowment management strategy adopted by universities, and particularly their choice of endowment operator identity. Our model can provide supports to the governance activities practiced by university endowments both in developed and developing countries. Furthermore, we show theoretically that current capital control regulations imposed by the developing country's government reduce donations and encourage universities to establish donor-advised endowment funds, in which donors surrender ownership of anything they put in the fund, but retain control over how their money is invested.
Detection of skin cancer with adaptive fuzzy classifier using improved whale optimization
Authors: Durgarao Nagayalanka , Sudhavani Ghanta
Published: July 2020

Skin cancer is considered as a well-known type of cancer globally, and its occurrence has been found to be raised in current days. Researchers state that the disease requires early prediction so that the identification of precise signs will make it simple for the dermatologists and clinicians. This disorder has been established to be unpredictable. Hence, this paper intends to develop an efficient skin cancer detection scheme, which classifies the nature of cancer, whether it is normal, benign or malignant. Accordingly, the skin image which is given as input is segmented using k-means clustering model and the features are extracted from segmented image using Local Vector Pattern (LVP). Moreover, the extracted features are subjected to fuzzy classifier for recognizing the cancer. In addition, the limits of membership functions are optimally selected by improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). Thus, the proposed scheme is termed as Improved Selection of Encircling and Spiral updating position of WO-based Fuzzy Classifier (ISESW-FC). From the optimized output, the type of skin cancer image can be determined, whether it is normal, benign or malignant. The performance of proposed model is compared over other conventional methods, and its efficiency is proved by means of Type I and Type II measures.
Workflow and hardware for intraoperative hyperspectral data acquisition in neurosurgery
Authors: Mühle Richard , Ernst Hannes , Sobottka Stephan B. , Morgenstern Ute
Published: July 2020

To prevent further brain tumour growth, malignant tissue should be removed as completely as possible in neurosurgical operations. Therefore, differentiation between tumour and brain tissue as well as detecting functional areas is very important. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can be used to get spatial information about brain tissue types and characteristics in a quasi-continuous reflection spectrum. In this paper, workflow and some aspects of an adapted hardware system for intraoperative hyperspectral data acquisition in neurosurgery are discussed. By comparing an intraoperative with a laboratory setup, the influences of the surgical microscope are made visible through the differences in illumination and a pixel- and wavelength-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculation. Due to the significant differences in shape and wavelength-dependent intensity of light sources, it can be shown which kind of illumination is most suitable for the setups. Spectra between 550 and 1,000 nm are characterized of at least 40 dB SNR in laboratory and 25 dB in intraoperative setup in an area of the image relevant for evaluation. A first validation of the intraoperative hyperspectral imaging hardware setup shows that all system parts and intraoperatively recorded data can be evaluated. Exemplarily, a classification map was generated that allows visualization of measured properties of raw data. The results reveal that it is possible and beneficial to use HSI for wavelength-related intraoperative data acquisition in neurosurgery. There are still technical facts to optimize for raw data detection prior to adapting image processing algorithms to specify tissue quality and function.
Untangling the association between prostate-specific antigen and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bernal-Soriano Mari Carmen , Lumbreras Blanca , Hernández-Aguado Ildefonso , Pastor-Valero María , López-Garrigos Maite , Parker Lucy A.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Several studies have shown an inverse association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer (PCa). Some researchers suggest that this relationship is due to reduced PCa detection in diabetics due to lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels compared to non-diabetics. Our objective is to analyze the impact of diabetes on PSA in asymptomatic men without known prostate pathology and without prior prostate intervention.

Methods

We searched Medline (via PubMed), Embase and Scopus. We included studies that reported the relationship between serum PSA levels and diabetes or diabetes treatment in asymptomatic adult men without known prostate pathology, and without prior prostate intervention. Pooled mean differences were compared between diabetics and non-diabetics.

Results

Of 2,392 screened abstracts, thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and 8 (62%) reported appropriate measures that could be included in a meta-analysis. Eleven (85%) examined the influence of diabetes on PSA levels and 8 (62%) evaluated the influence of diabetes treatments on PSA levels. Overall diabetics had a significantly lower PSA level compared to non-diabetics (mean difference: −0.07 ng/mL; 95% CI −0.10, −0.04).

Conclusions

Diabetes and related factors (such as disease duration, severity and treatment) were significantly associated with lower PSA levels among asymptomatic men, yet differences were small and are unlikely to influence PCa detection in a screening setting.
Evidence on clinical relevance of cardiovascular risk evaluation in the general population using cardio-specific biomarkers
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Passino Claudio , Aspromonte Nadia , Piepoli Massimo Francesco , Migliardi Marco , Perrone Marco , Fortunato Antonio , Padoan Andrea , Testa Angelo , Dellarole Franco , Trenti Tommaso , Bernardini Sergio , Sciacovelli Laura , Colivicchi Furio , Gabrielli Domenico , Plebani Mario
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the formulation of some immunoassays with high-sensitivity analytical performance allowed the accurate measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) levels in reference subjects. Several studies have demonstrated the association between the risk of major cardiovascular events and cardiac troponin concentrations even for biomarker values within the reference intervals. High-sensitivity cTnI and cTnT methods (hs-cTn) enable to monitor myocardial renewal and remodelling, and to promptly identify patients at highest risk ofheart failure. An early and effective treatment of individuals at higher cardiovascular risk may revert the initial myocardial remodelling and slow down heart failure progression. Specific clinical trials should be carried out to demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the general population screening by means of cost-benefit analysis, in order to better identify individuals at higher risk for heart failure (HF) progression with hs-cTn methods.
Beyond empowerment, experimentation and reasoning: The public discourse around the Quantified Self movement
Authors: Hepp Andreas , Alpen Susan , Simon Piet
Published: July 2020

This article presents the results of a discourse analysis of press coverage on the Quantified Self (QS) movement in the German and British (online) press between 2007 and 2018. The analysis is driven by two questions: What discursive patterns can be discerned within this coverage? And, what characterizes the translation of the experimental practices and imaginaries of this pioneer community into an overall societal reflection of deep mediatization? In essence, the article shows that the QS movement becomes a ‘general signifier’ for a dystopian view of deep mediatization. So, while the QS movement itself understands its practices and community as self-empowering, self-reasoning, and experimental, the constructions of the QS movement in public discourse suggest the opposite. Paradoxically, however, another basic imaginary of the pioneer community is adopted and confirmed, namely that of the (simple) mutability of society as a consequence of digital media technologies.
Synthesis, electropolymerization, and electrochromic performances of two novel tetrathiafulvalene–thiophene assemblies
Authors: Li Yuhao , Deng Shixiong , Cai Pengfei , Wang Chenyun , Wang Han , Shen Yongjia
Published: July 2020

6,7-Bis(hexylthio)-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)thio]-3-methylthio-tetrathiafulvalene (TTF-2) is coupled with thiophene-3-carboxylic acid and thiophene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid by Steglich esterification, respectively, to afford 2-((4′,5′-bis(hexylthio)-5-(methylthio)-[2,2′-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)thio)ethyl thiophene-3-carboxylate (TTF-Th) and bis(2-((4′,5′-bis(hexylthio)-5-(methylthio)-[2,2′-bi(1,3-dithiolylidene)]-4-yl)thio)ethyl)thiophene-3,4-di-carboxylate (DTTF-Th). Their structures were characterized by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis. Electropolymerization of TTF-Th and DTTF-Th was conducted with 0.1 M n-Bu4NPF6. The results indicated that both assemblies could rapidly form polymers via electrochemical deposition. In addition, their electrochromic performances illustrated that the color of P(TTF-Th) could switch from orange-yellow to dark blue, while P(DTTF-Th) changed its color from orange in the neutral state to dark blue in the oxidation state. Moreover, the electrochromic performances of P(DTTF-Th) were better than P(TTF-Th) due to the introduction of one extra TTF unit.
The Constitutional Identity of European Micro States and the Continental Integration Mechanisms. The Influence of the Diminutive Size
Authors: Bertolini Elisa
Published: July 2020

The article analyses the impact that the diminutive size of the four continental Europe micro states has upon their constitutional arrangements and their approach toward continental integration mechanisms. Generally speaking, the international commitment toward integration mechanisms is one of the distinguishing traits of micro states. It may seem a paradox, but actually the international dimension is much more strategic for micro than for macro states. However, being micro territorial enclaves demanded certain ability from the part of European micro states when managing foreign relations in order not to be swallowed by their macro neighbours. Therefore, they carried out for centuries a cautious policy of ‘guarded openness’, trying to strike a balance between the maintenance of their traditional institutions and the need to interact on a continental scale. Constitutional systems that at a first glance are unusual may be an obstacle to integration and thus have to be reformed. However, not too much, because otherwise the whole system may implode if deprived of its original constitutional balance. The protection of national tradition and identity is conservative, in the sense that it arises from the necessity of self-preservation, rather than from ideology. The article claims that the ambivalent approach of continental Europe micro states have when interacting with macro states within the Council of Europe and the EU directly derives from their diminutive size. Furthermore, the relevant role played by the diminutive size is proved by the fact that recently the EU adopted a specific micro states approach. Hence, the article also aims at investigating how they try to strike a balance between the commitment toward self-preservation – ie their constitutional identity – and the commitment toward continental integration mechanisms.
Catalytic thermolysis treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater collected from effluent treatment plant
Authors: Singh Bineeta , Verma Ashok K. , Kumar Pradeep
Published: July 2020

Catalytic thermolysis of petroleum refinery wastewater was investigated as a pretreatment process. Effects of various parameters like temperature, pH, dose of catalyst and time were investigated for chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and element reduction. CuSO4, FeSO4, FeCl3, and 1:1 ratio (v:v) mixture of CuSO4 and FeCl3 were used as a catalyst. The maximum reduction of COD and turbidity were 90 and 98% by mixture (1:1) of CuSO4 and FeCl3 at 70 °C, 7 pH, 1.0 kg/m3 dose in 90 min reaction time. The removal of an element like Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb was analyzed by ICP-OES. The sludge precipitated after catalytic thermolysis was characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)/derivative thermal analysis (DTA) analyses. Sludge from CuSO4 and mixture of CuSO4 and FeCl3 treatment has a compact structure with irregular granule which favors adsorption.
Mathematical analysis of solar conduction dryer using reaction engineering approach
Authors: Chavan Anand , Thorat Bhaskar
Published: July 2020

Solar conduction dryer (SCD) utilizes all three modes of heat transfer, viz., conduction, convection, and radiation. The effect of individual mode of heat transfer in SCD on agricultural product drying was studied using drying kinetics and basic heat transfer calculations. It was observed that the order of influence of mode of heat transfer mechanism as conduction followed by radiation and then convection. The correlation for relative activation energy (∆Ev/∆Ev,∞) as a function of moisture content (X−X∞), effective diffusivity (Deff), and mass transfer coefficient (hm) were determined for each mode of heat transfer. It was observed that the reaction engineering approach (REA) is appropriate tool to understand the physics of drying mechanism in SCD.
Heterogeneous PVC cation-exchange membrane synthesis by electrospinning for reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Jaime-Ferrer Jesús Salvador , Mosqueda-Quintero Marcela , Suárez-Toriello Victor A. , Anderson Sean M. , González Vargas Oscar A. , Villafaña-López Liliana
Published: July 2020

Blue energy (or salinity gradient energy) is a renewable, carbon-neutral, and continuous electrical energy source that can be obtained via the reverse electrodialysis (RED) technique. The viability of this technology strictly depends on the performance and cost of the ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) that compose the RED units; designing the optimal membrane represents a critical challenge due to the complex relation between the performance, properties, and structure of the membrane. In this work, we present our findings on an electrospun cation-exchange membrane based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an additive. We contrast it with a similar membrane produced with the more conventional casting solution technique. The electrospinning technique provides thinner and more homogeneous membranes than those synthesized via casting. The membranes were characterized using morphological, spectroscopic, and analytical methods. Scanning electron microscopy images depicted an intertwined nanofiber mesh within the membrane. We also synthesized the same electrospun cation exchange membrane without SDS; this membrane presented 63% less swelling, and a significant increase in the fixed charge density (CDfix) (119.6 meq/g) when compared to its casting solution counterpart (34 meq/g). This suggests an enhanced permselectivity, and thus better performance for blue energy generation in RED units.
Implementation of medium voltage remote controlled switches to improve quality performance indexes – a case study
Authors: Santos Julio Cezar , Santos Wagner , Cestaro Guilherme , Fortes Marcio Zamboti , Henriques Henrique
Published: July 2020

The growing demand for quality in the Energy Distribution Service, both by consumers and by regulatory agencies, obliges most distribution utilities to apply technologies that can be easily implemented and produce results in a short term horizon. The telecontrol technology is an essential tool every time it is necessary to fast restore the energy supply. This technology, which is completely supervised and controlled by the system operation center, allows the fast detection of a fault at a distance and switch an equipment without the aid of the operating crew, thus reducing the time that the power supply is unavailable. The present paper describes a Telecontrol Project, incorporated in an electric energy distribution utility in Brazil and compares the results in quality improvement with others usual investment actions, such as operating and maintenance procedures, laterals protection and network reinforcement. This paper shows, analyzing the results, that to improve the reliability indexes in a short time, when the company’s economic recovery is more important, the application of remotely controlled switch is more effective.
Resilience in first and second semester baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Fowler Catherine , Goldsberry Jennifer , Handwerker Sarah
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Examine and analyze the resilience levels of first and second semester BSN students in order to check for significant increases and decreases in resilience levels and factors.

Methods

Resilience levels were collected using the Connor Davidson CD-RISC-25 tool in both first and second semester students.

Results

No significant increases in resilience from first to second semester were noted, as anticipated. Several key areas showed significant decrease.

Conclusion

Resilience levels do not necessarily increase from one semester to the next; however, several significant decreases in levels did occur, suggesting a need for a resilience training module in the nursing program.
Āyuṛveda management of keratosis pilaris – a case report
Authors: Vipinsha Rajasadanam Samsakumar , Prathibha Changuli Krishna Bhat , Anandaraman Puthanmadom Venkatraramana Sharma
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is the condition of the skin with extensive keratin follicular plugging. It may be associated with the erythema. The upper arm extensor area, shoulders, back of neck and thighs, as well as face and the upper trunk are the areas of presentation. Available medications for KP give only symptomatic relief, while some produce serious side effects. There is no proven universal treatment for the disease that can provide complete recovery. Āyuṛveda management of KP is not yet reported.

Case presentation

A 26-year-old male patient, presented with main complaints started with papular lesions over his right shoulder, chest and upper back along and later with pustular lesions in the past 2 weeks. The condition was associated with redness, mild swelling and itching. The case was diagnosed as Keratosis pilaris based on its presentation, site, and pathogenesis. Also by analyzing the extent of vitiation of doṣas (morbidities), the Vata kapha pitta hara line of treatment was adopted, which was accomplished in two phases i. e. Śodhana Cikitsa and Śamana Cikitsa.

Conclusion

Both internal and external treatments along with diet restrictions were found effective in arresting the pathogenesis and recovery in a short period. All the symptoms associated with the condition were completely cured with no signs of re-occurrence.
Effect of lumbar stabilization exercises and thoracic mobilization with strengthening exercises on pain level, thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability in chronic low back pain
Authors: Divya  , Parveen Adila , Nuhmani Shibili , Ejaz Hussain Mohammed , Hussain Khan Moazzam
Published: July 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of lumbar stabilization exercise and thoracic mobilization with strengthening exercise on pain level, thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability in patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP).

Methods

Thirty patients with CLBP were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly allocated into two groups i. e., Group A (n = 15) and B (n = 15). Group A has received lumbar stabilization exercise and thoracic mobilization with strengthening exercises and Group B received only lumbar stabilization exercises, three sessions per week for 4 weeks both the groups. The conventional moist hot pack and interferential therapy was given to both the groups before the administration of exercise. Pre- and post-treatment pain level, Thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability were taken and statistical analysis was done.

Results

The result of this study showed significant improvement from pre-intervention to post-intervention on pain level, thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability for both the groups i. e., Group A and group B but Group A showed greater changes in Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), Kyphotic index, and Oswestry disability index (ODI), than Group B.

Conclusions

The 4 week of therapeutic intervention including lumbar stabilization exercise with thoracic mobilization and strengthening exercise showed significantly reduction of the thoracic kyphosis, pain level and functional disability in patients with Chronic Low Back Pain.