bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual Renal Function: A Double-Edged Sword
Authors: Karanović Štambuk Sandra , Fištrek-Prlić Margareta , Jelaković Bojan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome may persist despite end-stage kidney disease and result in dyslipidaemia, thrombosis and a significantly increased cardiovascular risk. Treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome includes surgical bilateral nephrectomy, renal artery embolization and pharmacologic nephrectomy. Case Presentation: We present a case of a haemodialysis patient with refractory nephrotic syndrome who underwent pharmacologic nephrectomy. The procedure decreased the patient‘s cardiovascular risk and enabled the patient to become a candidate for kidney transplantation. Conclusion: In certain situations residual renal function may be harmful. In such instances, nephrectomy should be considered. Pharmacologic nephrectomy using nephrotoxic drugs is a non-invasive approach with least potential complications.
Alternaria Allergy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhu Rongfei
Published: June 2024

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only known causative treatment for Alternaria allergy, but the difficulty in standardizing Alternaria extracts hampers its effectiveness and safety. Summary: Alternaria, a potent airborne allergen, has a high sensitization rate and is known to trigger the onset and exacerbation of respiratory allergies, even inducing fungal food allergy syndrome in some cases. It can trigger a type 2 inflammatory response, leading to an increase in the secretion of type 2 inflammatory cytokines and eosinophils, which are the culprits behind allergic symptoms. Diagnosing Alternaria allergy is a multistep process, involving a careful examination of clinical symptoms, medical history, skin prick tests, serum-specific IgE detection, or provocation tests. Alt a1, the major component of Alternaria, is a vital player in diagnosing Alternaria allergy through component-resolved diagnosis. Interestingly, Alternaria can reduce the protein activity of other allergens like pollen and cat dander when mixed with them. In order to solve the problems of standardization, efficacy and safety of traditional Alternaria AIT, novel AIT methods targeting Alt a1 and innovative vaccines such as epitope, DNA, and mRNA vaccines seem promising in bypassing the standardization issue of Alternaria extracts. But these studies are in early stages, and most researches are still focused on animal models, calling for more evidence to validate their use in humans. Key Messages: This review delves into the various aspects of Alternaria allergy, including characteristics, epidemiology, immune mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and the application and limitations of Alternaria AIT, aiming to provide a foundation for the management of patients with Alternaria allergy.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Metamorphopsia after Successful Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Pastor Geoffrey , Salleron Julia , Zessler Astrid , Stoebener Sarah , Angioi-Duprez Karine , Berrod Jean-Paul , Conart Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of metamorphopsia following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery, as well as associated predictive factors. Methods: A total of 107 eyes successfully operated for RRD underwent metamorphopsia severity assessment using M-CHARTS, and foveal microstructure analysis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression rendered evaluation of preoperative risk factors. The correlation between metamorphopsia score and outer retinal layer (ORL) integrity was investigated and preoperative risk factors evaluated. Results: The prevalence of postoperative metamorphopsia decreased from 51.4 to 29.9% and the median metamorphopsia score significantly improved (0.5, 95% CI: 0.3; 0.9, to 0.2, 95% CI: 0; 0.5, p < 0.001) from 1 to 6 months, respectively. Preoperative macular detachment was the only predictor found (OR 11.0, 95% CI: 3.1; 39.4, p < 0.001). Metamorphopsia severity was significantly associated with outer nuclear layer thickness and the status of the ellipsoid and cone interdigitation zones. One-month M-CHARTS had 81% sensitivity and 87% specificity in predicting full metamorphopsia recovery at 6 months (0.45 cut-off score). Conclusion: The prevalence of metamorphopsia decreased in parallel to ORL restoration, thus demonstrating the etiological role of photoreceptor-level morphological changes. M-CHARTS allowed for monitoring and predicting metamorphopsia recovery after RRD.
Comparative Brain Morphology of Cleaning and Sponge-Dwelling Elacatinus Gobies
Authors: Mazzei Renata , Gebhardt Isabelle C. , Soares Marta C. , Hofmann Michael H. , Bshary Redouan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Comparative studies of brain anatomy between closely related species have been very useful in demonstrating selective changes in brain structure. Within-species comparisons can be particularly useful for identifying changes in brain structure caused by contrasting environmental selection pressures. Here, we aimed to understand whether differences within and between species in habitat use and foraging behaviour influence brain morphology, on both ecological and evolutionary time scales. Methods: We used as a study model three species of the Elacatinus genus that differ in their habitat-foraging mode. The obligatory cleaning goby Elacatinus evelynae inhabits mainly corals and feeds mostly on ectoparasites removed from larger fish during cleaning interactions. In contrast, the obligatory sponge-dwelling goby Elacatinus chancei inhabits tubular sponges and feeds on microinvertebrates buried in the sponges’ tissues. Finally, in the facultatively cleaning goby Elacatinus prochilos, individuals can adopt either phenotype, the cleaning or the sponge-dwelling habitat-foraging mode. By comparing the brains of the facultative goby phenotypes to the brains of the obligatory species we can test whether brain morphology is better predicted by phylogenetic relatedness or the habitat-foraging modes (cleaning × sponge dwelling). Results: We found that E. prochilos brains from both types (cleaning and sponge dwelling) were highly similar to each other. Their brains were in general more similar to the brains of the most closely related species, E. evelynae (obligatory cleaning species), than to the brains of E. chancei (sponge-dwelling species). In contrast, we found significant brain structure differences between the cleaning species (E. evelynae and E. prochilos) and the sponge-dwelling species (E. chancei). These differences revealed independent changes in functionally correlated brain areas that might be ecologically adaptive. E. evelynae and E. prochilos had a relatively larger visual input processing brain axis and a relatively smaller lateral line input processing brain axis than E. chancei. Conclusion: The similar brain morphology of the two types of E. prochilos corroborates other studies showing that individuals of both types can be highly plastic in their social and foraging behaviours. Our results in the Elacatinus species suggest that morphological adaptations of the brain are likely to be found in specialists whereas species that are more flexible in their habitat may only show behavioural plasticity without showing anatomical differences.
Assisting Black Patients With Decision-Making for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy: Qualitative Findings From the Videos to Reduce Racial Disparities in ICD Therapy via Innovative Designs (VIVID) Trial
Authors: Jackson Larry R. , McKenna Kevin , Corneli Amy , Dombeck Carrie , Brelsford Kathleen , Thomas Kevin L.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

The VIVID (Videos for Addressing Racial Disparities in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy via Innovative Designs) study was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of a video-based decision support tool in enhancing informed consent for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation among Black patients who met guideline criteria for primary prevention ICDs. Within the broader VIVID randomized trial, a qualitative investigation was conducted to elucidate the decisional factors among Black individuals considering ICD implantation for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac arrest.

METHODS:

Between October 2016 and July 2019, in-depth interviews were conducted at 2 time points from randomization, ≈7 days (time interval for the decision) and at 90 days; the time interval for determining ICD implantation. Interview findings were categorized by randomized groups, those assigned to 1 of the 2 encounter-based video decision support tools or standard care (without video). Interview participants were purposefully selected to ensure diversity across gender, age, educational background, research site, and randomization group; participants were sampled from 14 academic and community-based electrophysiology clinics in the United States. Data analysis employed applied thematic analysis techniques.

RESULTS:

A diverse sample of Black individuals were interviewed at 1 week (n=59; female, 37.3%) and 90 days (n=48; female, 39.6%). The primary factors influencing the decisions of Black individuals considering a primary prevention ICD implantation were (1) their clinicians’ recommendations for ICD implantation; (2) their perception of their cardiac health status; and (3) a desire to prolong their lives for the sake of their families.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings offer valuable insights that may guide clinicians in their communication with Black patients during shared decision-making encounters related to ICD implantation.
Is the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus different from that in healthy children?
Authors: Miler Marijana , Unić Adriana , La Grasta Sabolić Lavinia , Šamija Ivan , Valent Morić Bernardica
Published: June 2024

Graphical abstract
Highlights
• No significant difference in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin between type 1 diabetic children and healthy subjects was found
• There was no correlation between urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and albuminuria
• uNGAL is not recommended as a marker for detecting diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents
IntroductionDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Some studies suggest that changes of renal tubular components emerge before the glomerular lesions thus introducing the concept of diabetic tubulopathy with urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) as a potential marker of DKD. This concept was not confirmed in all studies.
Materials and methodsIn 198 T1DM patients with median age 15 years and diabetes duration over one year, an albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined and uNGAL measured in spot urine sample. Urine samples for ACR and uNGAL were also collected in the control group of 100 healthy children of similar age.
ResultsThere was no significant difference in uNGAL concentration or uNGAL/creatinine between T1DM children and healthy subjects (6.9 (2.8-20.1) ng/mL vs 7.9 (2.9-21.0) ng/mL, P = 0.969 and 6.8 (2.2-18.4) ng/mg vs 6.5 (1.9-13.4) ng/mg, P = 0.448, respectively) or between T1DM subjects with albuminuria A2 and albuminuria A1 (P = 0.573 and 0.595, respectively). Among T1DM patients 168 (85%) had normal uNGAL concentrations, while in 30 (15%) patients uNGAL was above the defined cut-off value of 30.9 ng/mL. There was no difference in BMI, HbA1c and diabetes duration between patients with elevated uNGAL compared to those with normal uNGAL.
ConclusionsWe found no significant difference in uNGAL concentration or uNGAL/creatinine between T1DM children and healthy subjects or between albuminuria A2 and albuminuria A1 T1DM subjects. Therefore, uNGAL should not be recommended as a single marker for detecting diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents.
Èdè Àyàn: the Language of Drum in Yorùbá Religious and Cultural Practices, Particularly in Egúngún Performances in Òkè-Igbó
Authors: Famule Olawole
Published: June 2024

In Yorùbá traditional religious beliefs and practices, the role of Àyàn (Drummers) cannot be overstated. For that reason, as scholars of Yoruba art studies, to deny the relevance of Ìlù (Drums) as an indispensable component of Yoruba art and religion is to threaten its deeper understanding. Language is also a vital approach to a deeper understanding of African art. Yoruba art, for instance, is the primary medium through which the Yorùbá philosophy, cultural values, and history are stored and verbally expressed. Thus, a proficiency or nearly competency in the reading, writing, and speaking of the language of the African people whose art we study is vital to a deeper understanding of African art. Also fundamental to a deeper understanding of Yorùbá art is to recognize its unique context that usually embraces a variety of verbal and nonverbal components, which in themselves are works of art. The language of the drum in the Yorùbá Egúngún performative context is a good example. As a native speaker and culture bearer, who is fully aware of the fundamental importance of language in African art studies, the author examines the interconnection of Àyàn and Egúngún from the vantage point of Yorùbá language. The study delves into the root of Egúngún within the Yorùbá cultural context in which the people concretize and validate their thought system in visual and verbal forms. The study provides an overview of Yorùbá drums and their ritual contexts as well as the Yorùbá ontological concept of Egúngún, one of the most valued patrons of Àyàn as an important form of Yorùbá religious beliefs and practices. Using the Egúngún performance in Òkè-Igbó as a case study, the study argues that dance and drum performances can and should be analyzed as a “third dimension” of oríkì, in addition to verbal and the visual of Abiodun’s theoretical framework as demonstrated in his timeless book, Yoruba Art and Language – Seeking the African in African Art (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
Transferring Peucedanum macilentum (Apioideae, Apiaceae) to Ligusticopsis based on morphological and molecular evidences
Authors: NIU JUNMEI , ZHOU TING , LI WEIXIAN , ZHOU SHILIN , LIU ZHENWEN , ZHOU JING
Published: June 2024

Peucedanum macilentum is a less-studied species endemic to China, previously assigned to the genus Kitagawia. To elucidate its taxonomic affinity, morphological and molecular analyses were conducted. Morphologically, Peucedanum macilentum resembles Ligusticopsis species in several diagnostic characters of the stem base clothed in fibrous sheaths, pinnate bracteoles, conspicuous calyx teeth, strongly dorsally compressed fruits, as well as more vittae on the commissure. Phylogenetic analyses of nrDNA ITS and plastome sequences further reveal that P. macilentum is distant from Kitagawia but nested within Ligusticopsis. Therefore, in the basis of the morphological and molecular evidences, Peucedanum macilentum is transferred into Ligusticopsis and a new combination, Ligusticopsis macilenta, is proposed.
High liverwort diversity in the tropical Andes as evidenced by the discovery of three new species of Radula (Radulaceae)
Authors: OLIVEIRA-DA-SILVA FÚVIO R. , GRADSTEIN S. ROBBERT
Published: June 2024

We describe three new species of Radula subg. Volutoradula from above 3000 m in the tropical Andes: R. ilkiuborgesiae from Colombia (Dept. Santander), and R. longicarinata and R. magna from Bolivia (Dept. La Paz). The new species stand out by the unusual shape of their lobules. Full descriptions, illustrations as well as comments on the morphology, taxonomy, ecology and distribution of the new species are provided. The discovery of the new species adds three further endemic taxa to the rich bryophyte flora of the tropical Andes, the richest area for Radulaceae in the Neotropics.
Coproduction of Integrated Weather and Climate Services to Support Net-Zero Energy Transitions
Authors: Troccoli Alberto , Fuchs Tobias , Boscolo Roberta , Matt Elah , Bastani Hamid
Published: June 2024

Weather and climate services (W&CS) are key to supporting the transition to net-zero emissions in the energy sector. These services are utilized to increase energy system resilience, enhance renewable energy deployment, and enable the uptake of energy-efficiency measures and innovations. As energy systems become increasingly dependent on and affected by weather and climatic conditions, integrating weather and climate data into energy management systems is essential. This paper addresses the gap in comprehensive guidance for developing integrated W&CS to support net-zero energy transitions, drawing upon a report by the World Meteorological Organization’s Services Commission Study Group on Integrated Energy Services. We present a framework for coproduction of W&CS, exploring how the uptake of W&CS for energy transitions can be enabled through the evaluation of socioeconomic benefits, harnessing business models, identification of key policies, and capacity development measures. To support the uptake of W&CS for net-zero energy transitions, we recommend a deeper understanding of user needs and requirements; continuous advancements in the science and technology of W&CS; effective integration of weather and climate data within energy conversion models; improved accessibility and sharing of meteorological and, especially, energy data; promotion of coproduction approaches; exploration of novel applications of W&CS in the energy sector; refinement of business models for sustainable W&CS delivery; execution of capacity-building activities; and enhanced communication among stakeholders and strengthened collaborative efforts. These steps are crucial for realizing the full potential of W&CS in driving the energy sector toward a sustainable, net-zero future.
Hegemonic struggles and the role of contemporary ‘organic intellectuals’: A different perspective for the analysis of discourses
Authors: Melito Francesco
Published: June 2024

The ‘populist moment’ and the growing number of non-liberal discourses indicate that we are in the presence of a counter-hegemonic phase against the established liberal order involving several sites of ideological production. However, the analysis of these counter-revolutions still focuses on agency, looking mainly at political parties or leaders. This article tries to reverse this picture suggesting to look first at discourses as such to understand the contestation of the dominant worldview. Thus, it proposes a methodological platform for studying (counter-)hegemonic discourses that abandons agent-centrism. To achieve this goal, it introduces the notion of ‘ organic intellectuals of a discourse-coalition’, linking two concepts developed respectively by Antonio Gramsci and Maarten Hajer. This formula allows focusing on all actors articulating and propagating the same demands and discourse, regardless of their affiliation. Using this approach, a discourse-coalition may include parties or politicians as well as journalists or influencers as long as they exert an intellectual function, that is, they are able to mould common sense. By developing this formula, the article is aimed at researchers that use Poststructuralist Discourse Theory in the study of hegemonic discourses as it provides a sound justification for the selection of a valid and representative discourse-coalition.
Serological analysis of autoantibody mimicking anti-Rh(e) specificity: a case report
Authors: Dong Kedi , Huang Xinyu , Ying Qiming , Lv Dingfeng
Published: June 2024

Mimicking antibodies are described as autoantibodies with the “wrong” specificity, possessing both specificity and panreactivity. We report the case of a female patient with suspected hemolytic anemia in whom an autoantibody mimicking anti-Rh(e) specificity was found in both plasma and red blood cell samples. Mimicking antibodies are not usually identified in the clinic; however, it is still necessary to determine the specificity of mimicking antibodies to avoid antigen-positive blood transfusions and achieve maximum transfusion compatibility.
Sex Differences in the Association of Depression Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in the United States
Authors: Thakur Bhaskar , Strenth Chance , Arnold Elizabeth Mayfield , Schneider Frank David
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study explores the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the US adult population, focusing on sex differences.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2013-2018).

Participants

A total of 14 699 community-dwelling adults (≥20 years).

Measure

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) depression screening tool assessed depressive symptoms. CVD events included heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, or stroke.

Analysis

Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using a Poisson regression model.

Results

The study finds a positive association between CVD incidents and both mild to moderate depressive symptoms (aPR:1.42, P = .002) and moderately severe to severe depression (aPR:1.72, P = .024). Overall, females exhibit a 47% lower likelihood of CVD incidents compared to males. However, in a subgroup analysis, increased depressive symptoms correlate with higher CVD incidents in females (aPRs range: 2.09 to 3.43, P < .001) compared to males (aPRs range: 1.45 to 1.77, P < .001).

Conclusion

Depression is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Females generally have a lower CVD risk than males, but more severe depressive symptoms elevate CVD risk in females. These findings emphasize the significance of considering sex differences. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Regarding the Pain of Indigenous Others
Authors: Wyly Elvin
Published: June 2024

Cities are real, physical, material concentrations of human activities and built environments, but they are also portals that allow and require unique ways of perceiving relations across space and time. Photography, especially the genre of seductive urban landscape views so often deployed by airlines, realtors, and city boosters, distorts our perceptions of space-time. These distortions are particularly serious in the unique configuration of Indigeneity and transnationalization that constitutes the lands presently known as Canada and British Columbia. Drawing inspiration from Sontag's dark but essential Regarding the Pain of Others, and focusing on the Vancouver global city region, this article seeks to develop critical captions for urban landscape views as what Eugène Atget portrayed as crime-scene evidence.
Research on Impression Management: Current Progress and Future Possibilities
Authors: Gupta Ashita , Sagadevan Keerthi
Published: June 2024

In recent years, impression management (IM) has garnered substantial scholarly attention, significantly enhancing our comprehension of various factors within organisational contexts. This is a systematic literature review (SLR) research on IM from 2016 to 2024, building on both foundational and recent research. IM involves intentionally influencing how others see us, which significantly affects both individual behaviour and the way organisations function. This review highlights the widespread role and implications of IM in workplaces. It looks at how IM techniques, organisational rules and gender stereotypes interact. Our review presents two major findings. First, we found a strong positive link between successful IM strategies and better organisational performance, showing the real benefits of skilled IM. Second, we noticed a complex connection between IM methods and employee satisfaction, pointing out the need to align IM practices with employee happiness. This SLR not only deepens our theoretical knowledge but also has practical applications for managers. It emphasises the importance of ethically managing IM to ensure authenticity and openness. Also, by pointing out missing pieces in the existing research, this review suggests new areas for future studies to investigate the changing trends and finer details of IM in modern organisational settings.
CG001, a C3b-targeted complement inhibitor, blocks 3 complement pathways: development and preclinical evaluation
Authors: Li Ling , Ding Peipei , Dong Yanrong , Shen Shupei , Lv Xinyue , Yu Jie , Li Luying , Chen Jianfeng , Wang Pilin , Han Bing , Xu Ting , Hu Weiguo
Published: June 2024

Excessively activated or dysregulated complement activation may contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases, thus leading to a surge in complement inhibitors. Herein, we developed a human-derived and antibody-like C3b-targeted fusion protein (CRIg-FH-Fc) x2, termed CG001, that could potently block all 3 complement pathways. Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) and factor H (FH) bind to distinct sites in C3b and synergistically inhibit complement activation. CRIg occupancy in C3b prevents the recruitment of C3 and C5 substrates, whereas FH occupancy in C3b accelerates the decay of C3/C5 convertases and promotes the factor I–mediated degradation and inactivation of C3b. CG001 also showed therapeutic effects in alternative pathways–induced hemolytic mouse and classical pathways–induced mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis rat models. In the pharmacological/toxicological evaluation in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, CG001 displayed an antibody-like pharmacokinetic profile, a convincing complement inhibitory effect, and no observable toxic effects. Therefore, CG001 holds substantial potential for human clinical studies.
New strategy based on Hammerstein–Wiener and supervised machine learning for identification of treated wastewater salinization in Al-Hassa region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shah Syed Muzzamil Hussain , Abba Sani I. , Yassin Mohamed A. , Lawal Dahiru U. , Aliyu Farouq , Al-Qadami Ebrahim Hamid Hussein , Qureshi Haris U. , Aljundi Isam H. , Asmaly Hamza A. , Sammen Saad Sh. , Scholz Miklas
Published: June 2024

The agricultural sector faces challenges in managing water resources efficiently, particularly in arid regions dealing with water scarcity. To overcome water stress, treated wastewater (TWW) is increasingly utilized for irrigation purpose to conserve available freshwater resources. There are several critical aspects affecting the suitability of TWW for irrigation including salinity which can have detrimental effects on crop yield and soil health. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel approach for TWW salinity prediction using artificial intelligent (AI) ensembled machine learning approach. In this regard, several water quality parameters of the TWW samples were collected through field investigation from the irrigation zones in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, which were later assessed in the lab. The assessment involved measuring Temperature (T), pH, Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Salinity, through an Internet of Things (IoT) based system integrated with a real-time monitoring and a multiprobe device. Based on the descriptive statistics of the data and correlation obtained through the Pearson matrix, the models were formed for predicting salinity by using the Hammerstein-Wiener Model (HWM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The models’ performance was evaluated using several statistical indices including correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The results revealed that the HWM-M3 model with its superior predictive capabilities achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 82% and 77% in both training and testing stages. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of AI-ensembled machine learning approach for accurate TWW salinity prediction, promoting the safe and efficient utilization of TWW for irrigation in water-stressed regions. The findings contribute to a growing body of research exploring AI applications for sustainable water management.
Optimizing germination: comparative assessment of various growth media on dragon fruit germination and early growth
Authors: Sarwar Ghulam , Anwar Tauseef , Qureshi Huma , Younus Muhammad , Hassan Muhammad Waqar , Sajid-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Khalid Faizan , Faiza  , Zaman Wajid , Soufan Walid
Published: June 2024

Dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus), known for its captivating appearance and remarkable nutritional profile, has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Despite its popularity, there's a dearth of research on optimal conditions for seed germination and early growth stages such as seedling shoot length, which are crucial for optimal crop yield. This study aims to bridge this gap by evaluating various growing media's performance on dragon fruit germination and early growth stages. Dragon fruit seeds were obtained from local markets in Pakistan and evaluated in five different growing media: cocopeat, peat moss, sand, vermiculite, and compost. Germination parameters were observed for 45 days, including seed germination percentage, mean germination time, and mean daily germination percentage, among others while early growth was monitored for 240 days. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. Significant differences were found among the growing media regarding germination percentage, mean germination time, and mean daily germination. Vermiculite exhibited the highest germination rate (93.33%), while compost showed the least (70%). Peat moss and sand media facilitated rapid germination, while compost showed slower rates. Stem length was significantly influenced by the growth media, with compost supporting the longest stems. Vermiculite emerged as the most effective medium for dragon fruit seed germination, while compost showed slower but steady growth. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing dragon fruit cultivation, aiding commercial growers and enthusiasts in achieving higher yields and quality. Further research could explore additional factors influencing dragon fruit growth and development.
Topical tacrolimus for high-risk corneal transplantation: a randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Shimazaki Jun , Tomida Daisuke , Yagi-Yaguchi Yukari , Satake Yoshiyuki , Yamaguchi Takefumi
Published: June 2024

Background

The prevalence of rejection is 10–30% in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) case, and the rate is higher in cases of high-risk patients. Although using topical corticosteroids is a standard method for management the rejection of post-PKP patients, it may not be sufficiently potent in high-risk patients. Topical administration of tacrolimus (TAC) may be effective in suppression rejection after corneal transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of topical TAC in high-risk PKP patients in Japan.

Methods

This study was a single centre, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Patients with a history of PKP, graft rejection, atopic dermatitis, or deep corneal neovascularisation who underwent PKP were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to receive 0.1% TAC ophthalmic suspension or artificial tear (AT) up to week 52 after surgery. All participants received 0.1% betamethasone up to week 13 after surgery then they received 0.1% fluorometholone up to week 52. The incidence of immunological rejection during the observation period was the main outcome measure in this study.

Results

Thirty patients were enrolled in this study, and 12 eyes in the TAC group and 13 eyes in the AT group completed the study, respectively. Five out of 30 patients discontinued participation after providing informed consent. No serious adverse effects were developed in patients who received 0.1% TAC ophthalmic suspension. No rejection episodes occurred in the TAC group, while one eye in the AT group had rejection. Graft clarity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and corneal endothelial cell density were not significantly different between the TAC and AT groups.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that good tolerability of 0.1% TAC ophthalmic suspension. However, we failed to demonstrate its efficacy in preventing immunological rejection in high-risk patients undergoing PKP.

Trial registration

This study was first registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000029669, Date of registration: November 1, 2017). With the enforcement of the Clinical Trial Act in Japan, the study re-registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031180342, Date of registration: March 18, 2019).
Health economics study of paliperidone palmitate in the treatment of schizophrenia: a 12-month cohort study
Authors: Luo Xing , Liu Fang , Lu Jin , Cheng Yuqi , Xu Xiufeng , He Xiaolin , Xia Yongbing , Gao Changqing , Xie Xian , Zhao Yu , Gao Chunqiang , Ding Hua , He Yuefei , Zhang Lifen , Zhang Xi , Song Jianhui , Yang Shunying , Liu Liming , Chen Wenming , Liu Wei , Luo Chuanlin , Pu Ensheng , Lei Ming , Wang Yan , Sun Zanzong , Yang Rucheng , Zhou Yong , Zhu Xianrong , Wang Bo , He Shuhua , Gao Donghua , Li Zhongcai , Huang Liqiong , Wang Tianlan , Yang Guangya , Liu Hong , Zhao Jinkun , Wang Jicai
Published: June 2024

Background

To analyze the economic benefits of paliperidone palmitate in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods

We collected 546 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia according to the 《International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,10th》(ICD-10). We gathered general population data such as gender, age, marital status, and education level, then initiated treatment with paliperidone palmitate. Then Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the start of treatment to assess clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, and injection doses. We also collected information on the economic burden before and after 12 months of treatment, as well as the number of outpatient visits and hospitalizations in the past year to analyze economic benefits.

Results

The baseline patients totaled 546, with 239 still receiving treatment with paliperidone palmitate 12 months later. After 12 months of treatment, the number of outpatient visits per year increased compared to before (4 (2,10) vs. 12 (4,12), Z=-5.949, P < 0.001), while the number of hospitalizations decreased (1 (1,3) vs. 1 (1,2), Z = 5.625, P < 0.001). The inpatient costs in the direct medical expenses of patients after 12 months of treatment decreased compared to before (5000(2000,12000) vs. 3000 (1000,8050), P < 0.05), while there was no significant change in outpatient expenses and direct non-medical expenses (transportation, accommodation, meal, and family accompanying expenses, etc.) (P > 0.05); the indirect costs of patients after 12 months of treatment (lost productivity costs for patients and families, economic costs due to destructive behavior, costs of seeking non-medical assistance) decreased compared to before (300(150,600) vs. 150(100,200), P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Palmatine palmitate reduces the number of hospitalizations for patients, as well as their direct and indirect economic burdens, and has good economic benefits.
History of suicidal behavior and clozapine prescribing among people with schizophrenia in China: a cohort study
Authors: Yin Yi , Lin Chen , Wei Lijing , Tong Jinghui , Huang Junchao , Tian Baopeng , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Yang Fude , Tong Yongsheng , Chen Song , Hong L. Elliot , Tan Yunlong
Published: June 2024

Background

Clozapine is an off-label drug used in most countries to prevent suicide in individuals with schizophrenia. However, few studies have reported real-world prescription practices. This study aimed to explore the association between a history of suicidal behavior and clozapine prescribing during eight weeks of hospitalization for individuals with early-stage schizophrenia.

Methods

This observational cohort study used routine health data collected from a mental health hospital in Beijing, China. The study included 1057 inpatients who had schizophrenia onset within 3 years. History of suicidal behavior was coded from reviewing medical notes according to the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Information on antipsychotic use during hospitalization was extracted from the prescription records. Time to clozapine use was analyzed using Cox regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical covariates.

Results

The prevalence rates of self-harm, suicidal behavior, and suicide attempt were 12.3%, 7.5%, and 5.4%, respectively. A history of self-harm history was positively associated with clozapine uses upon admission (4.1% vs. 0.8%, exact p = 0.009). Among those who had not used clozapine and had no clozapine contraindication, A history of suicidal behavior increased the possibility of switch to clozapine within 56 days after admission (Hazard Ratio[95% CI], 6.09[2.08–17.83]) or during hospitalization (4.18[1.62–10.78]).

Conclusion

The use of clozapine for early-stage schizophrenia was more frequent among those with suicidal behavior than among those without suicidal behavior in China, although the drug instructions do not label its use for suicide risk.
Cervical lymph node metastasis as the first symptom of combined anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) and follicular carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Li Jiazhen , Ma Zhijun , Ma Deshou , Maimaiti Yusufu , Jiang Shuyun , Wang Xiaowu
Published: June 2024

Background

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is a rare pathological type of thyroid malignancy. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of thyroid(PSCCT) is now considered as a subtype of ATC, hereinafter referred to as ATC-SCC subtype. ATC-SCC subtype combined with follicular thyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare, with fewer cases reported. The ATC-SCC subtype is a highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis for patients after metastasis occurs, and current treatment of this type of tumor is tricky.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old female patient presented with a gradually growing swelling of right cervical region. Comprehensive auxiliary examinations and postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ATC-SCC subtype with follicular thyroid carcinoma, and the metastasis squamous cell carcinoma of the right cervical lymph nodes originates from ATC-SCC subtype. The patient received chemoradiotherapy postoperative. However, the residual cervical lymph nodes metastasis with squamous cell carcinoma still infiltrated surrounding structures in the neck extensively after palliative resection. The patient died 7 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Our case highlights that cervical lymph node metastasis may be a significant factor in the poor prognosis of ATC-SCC subtype. This malignancy should be detected and treated early.
Navigating the challenges of imposter participants in online qualitative research: lessons learned from a paediatric health services study
Authors: Sharma Pakhi , McPhail Steven M , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Senanayake Sameera , Abell Bridget
Published: June 2024

Background

The growth in online qualitative research and data collection provides several advantages for health service researchers and participants, including convenience and extended geographic reach. However, these online processes can also present unexpected challenges, including instances of participant fraud or scam behaviour. This study describes an incident of participant fraud identified during online focus group discussions and interviews for a PhD health services research project on paediatric neurodevelopmental care.

Methods

We aimed to recruit carers of Australian children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Potential participants were recruited via a publicly available social media advert on Facebook offering $50 AUD compensation. Those who expressed interest via email (n = 254) were sent a pre-interview Qualtrics survey to complete. We identified imposters at an early stage via inconsistencies in their self-reported geographical location and that captured by the survey as well as recognition of suspicious actions before, during and after focus group discussions and interviews.

Results

Interest in participation was unexpectedly high. We determined that all potential participants were likely imposters, posing as multiple individuals and using different IP addresses across Nigeria, Australia, and the United States. In doing so, we were able to characterise several “red flags” for identifying imposter participants, particularly those posing as multiple individuals. These comprise a combination of factors including large volumes and strange timings of email responses, unlikely demographic characteristics, short or vague interviews, a preference for nonvisual participation, fixation on monetary compensation, and inconsistencies in reported geographical location. Additionally, we propose several strategies to combat this issue such as providing proof of location or eligibility during recruitment and data collection, examining email and consent form patterns, and comparing demographic data with regional statistics.

Conclusions

The emergent risk of imposter participants is an important consideration for those seeking to conduct health services research using qualitative approaches in online environments. Methodological design choices intended to improve equity and access for the target population may have an unintended consequence of improving access for fraudulent actors unless appropriate risk mitigation strategies are also employed. Lessons learned from this experience are likely to be valuable for novice health service researchers involved in online focus group discussions and interviews.
No causal relationship between glucose and inflammatory bowel disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cen JiePeng , Chen Kequan , Ni Ziyan , Dai QiJie , Lu Weipeng , Tao Heqing , Peng Liang
Published: June 2024

Background

Association between glucose and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was found in previous observational studies and in cohort studies. However, it is not clear whether these associations reflect causality. Thus, this study investigated whether there is such a causal relation between elevated glucose and IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods

We performed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) with the independent genetic instruments identified from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) for IBD (5,673 cases; 213,119 controls) and its main subtypes, CD and UC. Summarized data for glucose which included 200,622 cases and glycemic traits including HbA1c and type 2 diabetes(T2DM) were obtained from different GWAS studies. Primary and secondary analyses were conducted by preferentially using the radial inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach. A number of other meta-analysis approach and sensitivity analyses were carried out to assess the robustness of the results.

Results

We did not find a causal effect of genetically predicted glucose on IBD as a whole (OR 0.858; 95% CI 0.649–1.135; P = 0.286). In subtype analyses glucose was also suggestively not associated with Crohn’s disease (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.04-1.00; P = 0.05) and ulcerative colitis (OR 0.940; 95% CI 0.628–1.407; P = 0.762). In the other direction, IBD and its subtypes were not related to glucose and glycemic traits.

Conclusions

This MR study is not providing any evidence for a causal relationship between genetically predicted elevated glucose and IBD as well as it’s subtypes UC and CD. Regarding the other direction, no causal associations could be found. Future studies with robust genetic instruments are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Secretion of the cytoplasmic and high molecular weight β-galactosidase of Paenibacillus wynnii with Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Senger Jana , Seitl Ines , Pross Eva , Fischer Lutz
Published: June 2024

Background

The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is widely used for industrial enzyme production. Its ability to secrete a wide range of enzymes into the extracellular medium especially facilitates downstream processing since cell disruption is avoided. Although various heterologous enzymes have been successfully secreted with B. subtilis, the secretion of cytoplasmic enzymes with high molecular weight is challenging. Only a few studies report on the secretion of cytoplasmic enzymes with a molecular weight > 100 kDa.

Results

In this study, the cytoplasmic and 120 kDa β-galactosidase of Paenibacillus wynnii (β-gal-Pw) was expressed and secreted with B. subtilis SCK6. Different strategies were focused on to identify the best secretion conditions. Tailormade codon-optimization of the β-gal-Pw gene led to an increase in extracellular β-gal-Pw production. Consequently, the optimized gene was used to test four signal peptides and two promoters in different combinations. Differences in extracellular β-gal-Pw activity between the recombinant B. subtilis strains were observed with the successful secretion being highly dependent on the specific combination of promoter and signal peptide used. Interestingly, signal peptides of both the general secretory- and the twin-arginine translocation pathway mediated secretion. The highest extracellular activity of 55.2 ± 6 µkat/Lculture was reached when secretion was mediated by the PhoD signal peptide and expression was controlled by the PAprE promoter. Production of extracellular β-gal-Pw was further enhanced 1.4-fold in a bioreactor cultivation to 77.5 ± 10 µkat/Lculture with secretion efficiencies of more than 80%.

Conclusion

For the first time, the β-gal-Pw was efficiently secreted with B. subtilis SCK6, demonstrating the potential of this strain for secretory production of cytoplasmic, high molecular weight enzymes.