bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the Editor
Authors: Jacobs Jennifer , Jimenez L. Margarita , Gloyd Stephen S. , Gale James L. , Crothers Dean
Published: December 2021

We are writing in response to the special article by Sampson and London critiquing our May 1994 publication, "Treatment of Acute Childhood Diarrhea with Homeopathic Medicine: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Nicaragua." We are pleased that Pediatrics provided an opportunity for further debate on this topic. However, we were surprised by the general tone and the number of statistical mis-statements and incorrect inferences in this critique. Because space has been limited in this rebuttal, we would like to limit our comments to a few key points: 1) misrepresentation of our claims, 2) methodological issues, and 3) the importance of open scientific discourse.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Shah Binita R. , Steiner Phillip , Santucci Karen
Published: December 2021

Dr Lewin sites the report of a 10-year-old Portuguese girl (an immigrant to Canada), who developed neurotoxicity presenting as cerebellar ataxia, after receiving 300 mg/d of isoniazid (INH) for chemoprophylaxis. She completely recovered upon discontinuation of INH and treatment with pyridoxine therapy (50 mg/d).1 He recommends that all patients, including children, should be on prophylactic pyridoxine (15-50 mg/d) when taking INH. Dr Lewin also comments about chronic INH neurotoxicity becoming much more prevalent; however, this information is not supported by the literature.
DELAYS BY HMO LEAVING PATIENTS HAUNTED BY BILLS
Authors: L. J. F.
Published: December 2021

The Health Insurance Plan (HIP) of Greater New York, the state's largest and oldest health maintenance organization (HMO), routinely fails to pay millions of dollars of its members' medical bills each year, leaving subscribers either to cover the bills themselves or to fight collection agencies and lawsuits from doctors demanding overdue payments.

The company hangs on to millions of dollars it invests to improve its bottom line. It pays no penalties because regulators have been lax in policing HMOS.

What's more, as HIP's record for paying claims deteriorated over the last few years, its record for collecting premiums improved, leaving the company with a growing pool of cash. Having this stockpile of money—even temporarily—is a great advantage to HIP, because the company's financial health is heavily dependent on investment income.

If an insurance company slows down claims payment by one day, they have a tremendous profit advantage because of the interest they make on the money. . .All of these skims come out to be a significant amount.
Children in Orphanages: Newt Gingrich Is Not Daddy Warbucks
Authors: Berkowitz Carol D.
Published: December 2021

If we were living in the best of all possible worlds, every child would be born into a loving family, with two parents who were able to care for the material as well as the emotional needs of the child. But such is not the case, and currently half a million children and youth are in out-of-home placement funded by the government (Newsweek. December 12, 1994:28). We as a collective society must determine what is best for those children who have not been given the best by the circumstances of their birth. Who then is most able to determine what is best for any given child, and how does society's needs (especially economic ones) enter into the decision making?1
Survival ≤ 800 Grams!?
Authors: Kilbride Howard W. , Daily Donna K.
Published: December 2021

La Pine et al1 report improved survival and stable outcome for ≤800-g birth weight infants born 1977 through 1990 at the University of Washington. The authors do not provide enough data determine if the greater survival was secondary to attitude changes, alteration of perinatal/neonatal practices, or variation population demographics over time. Although determining cause of improved survival was not the authors' intent, addressing these issues may assist the reader in determining if the University of Washington experience is generalizable to other centers.
ANAPHYLAXIS: A REVIEW OF 266 CASES
Authors: Adinoff Allen D.
Published: December 2021

The authors conclude that: 1) atopy is common in people who experience anaphylaxis, regardless of its origin; 2) crustaceans and NSAIDs are the most common food and medication groups, respectively, thought to be causes of anaphylaxis; 3) causative agents can be identified in two thirds of the subjects, and recurrent attacks are the rule; and 4) subjects with idiopathic anaphylaxis are more likely to carry epinephrine than those with identifiable causes.
IDIOPATHIC ANAPHYLAXIS: AN ATTEMPT TO ESTIMATE THE INCIDENCE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Adinoff Allen D.
Published: December 2021

By extrapolation of the cases of IA reported by the allergists surveyed to the approximately 4000 allergists in the United States, the estimated number of cases in the US is between 20 592 and 47 024. The estimated number of cases emphasizes the need for careful attention to IA by physicians.
BREASTFEEDING AS PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST ATOPIC DISEASE: PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP STUDY UNTIL 17 YEARS OLD
Authors: Kaplan Michael , Johnson Marion
Published: December 2021

In this cohort prolonged breastfeeding in the first year of life was prophylactic against food allergy, eczema, and respiratory allergies extending to late adolescence.
DOWNREGULATING EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN (IL)-4 AND IL-10 ON THE INTERFERON (INF)-γ RESPONSE IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Hopp Russell
Published: December 2021

The allergic response induces T cells (TH-2) to make IL-4 which, if not regulated, causes enhanced IgE production. INF-γ downregulates IL-4 activity, but is insufficiently produced in AD patients, not allowing proper downregulation of IL-4 activity. IL-10 is also produced by AD patients, which further diminishes INF-γ production. The cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 decrease IL-12 production, which can increase INF-γ production. This scenario leads to long-term maintenance of the allergic state, without proper in vivo regulation.
REVIEW OF PRESCRIBED TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA IN 1990
Authors: Bell Thomas
Published: December 2021

This large study suggests a high incidence of asthma in children, assuming the medications were appropriately prescribed. Published guidelines may have affected the increased use of inhaled corticosteroids.
PERSISTENT INCREASE IN PLASMA AND URINARY LEUKOTRIENES AFTER ACUTE ASTHMA
Authors: Joos Thad H.
Published: December 2021

Purpose of the Study. With the role of leukotrienes in the inflammatory cycle of asthma well accepted, the present study set out to measure various leukotriene levels in asthmatic children during and 1 month after an acute asthmatic attack.

Methods. Plasma and urinary leukotrienes were evaluated using a high-performance liquid chromatography/radioimmunoassay in 10 children 5-10 years of age with acute asthma as documented by peak expiratory flow rates at the onset of an episode and 1 month after when their peak expiratory flow rates returned to normal. The children were all from atopic backgrounds and three were on long-term inhaled anti-inflammatory therapy. They were matched by age-appropriate normal children who had the same plasma and urinary determinations performed.

Results. Plasma concentrations of both leukotrines B4 and E4 were significantly increased during the acute phase but also 1 month later when compared with the normals. The urinary levels of leukotrine E4 were the most strikingly elevated initially and at the 1-month follow-up.

Reviewer's Comments. Physicians caring for the diabetic patient have the hemoglobin A-1-C determination as a gauge of diabetic control to supplement daily glucose readings. Urinary leukotrine E4 levels or similar markers may well provide the physician with useful data as to the state of the inflammatory process in the asthmatic's lung. An extension of the project for a longer time period would be most interesting especially if the urinary levels continued to be reliable. This noninvasive source of information certainly is preferable to endotracheal biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage, two current choices.
PERIODIC TREATMENT REGIMENS WITH INHALED STEROIDS IN ASTHMA OR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. IS IT POSSIBLE?
Authors: Goldsobel Alan B.
Published: December 2021

Discontinuing inhaled steroids is possible in some patients with asthma or COPD after stabilization with 2 years of regular treatment. These patients tend to have milder disease at the onset of treatment as determined by higher percent predicted FEV1 and less bronchial hyperreactivity. For those patients, periodic treatment schedules with inhaled steroids may be equally beneficial in preventing overall decline in lung function as regular treatment, with less potential side effects.
Physician's Role in Coordinating Care of Hospitalized Children
Authors:   Committee on Hospital Care
Published: December 2021

This statement reminds physicians, hospitals, and other organizations (eg, review organizations or insurance companies) of existing guidelines that are important when children are hospitalized.
Dexamethasone and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Frank Lee , Lecuona Paula Christina
Published: December 2021

With regard to the article by Jones et al entitled "Controlled Trial of Dexamethasone in Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease: A 3-Year Follow-Up" (Pediatrics. 1995;96:897-906), it is our belief that this randomized multi-center study showed no positive effect of dexamethasone (DEX) treatment in the neonates at 3 years after its use to try to reduce the incidence/severity of chronic O2-related lung disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).1 This summary of a large controlled trial (∼140 very low birth weight [VLBW] infants in the DEX and placebo groups) tends to support the subacute and chronic findings of many other trials of DEX therapy in VLBW premature infants with early-life severe respiratory distress syndrome.2-5
Routine Indomethacin Prophylaxis: Has the Time Come?
Authors: Bada Henrietta S.
Published: December 2021

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains a significant cause of long-term morbidity among premature infants1. Clinical trials2-4 have shown that prophylactic indomethacin is associated with a decreased incidence of IVH, including the severe form. In this issue of Pediatrics, Ment et al5 report on the long-term outcome of children who received indomethacin prophylaxis for IVH. Incidence of cerebral palsy (8%) was similar between the indomethacin-and placebo-treated groups; mean IQ scores determined from the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Form L-M, 1972) did not differ. IQ scores were significantly related to IVH, birth weight, and maternal education; ie, lower IQ scores with IVH and higher scores with higher birth weight and years of education.
Air Pollution and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Koehler Steven A.
Published: December 2021

This letter is in response to the article by Knöbel et al entitled, "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Relation to Weather and Optimetrically Measured Air Pollution in Taiwan" in the December issue of Pediatrics (1995;96:1106-1110).

The findings of this article are brought into question because the article suffers from several serious methodological and epidemiologic problems that greatly affect the validity of the results. Before proceeding, and because none was provided, a clear definition of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) needs to be given.
Asthma: Too Much Diagnosis and Too Much Medicine
Authors: Giannini Allan V.
Published: December 2021

Asthma is the diagnosis for the teenage athlete with exerciseinduced wheezing, the adult aspirin-sensitive patient on steroids, the toddler who wheezes with every upper respiratory infection, and the college student who returns home and wheezes around her cats. These conditions are not the same. The pathophysiologies differ as well as the outcomes. They only share a common symptom: wheezing.

We try to be aware of medical diagnoses that present with wheezing such as gastroesophageal reflux, sinusitis, and foreign bodies in the airways.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Overall James C. , Halsey Neal A.
Published: December 2021

We appreciate the letters of Dr Granger and of Mr Demers in response to the Committee on Infectious Diseases (COID) statement on ribavirin in the January 1996 issue of Pediatrics.1

Dr Granger expresses concern about the use of cohort studies to assess clinical effectiveness of ribavirin therapy. The potential for nonrandom distribution of severely ill patients to treat versus no treatment (or placebo) groups in cohort studies was acknowledged in the statement.1 However, all three recent cohort studies cited in the statement2-4 performed multivariate analyses controlling for disease severity on admission and other factors known to influence clinical outcome.
Day Care Injuries
Authors: Battaglia Sam G. , Kiser W. R.
Published: December 2021

We would like to commend Kopjar and Wickizer1 for their recent article dealing with the safety of day care centers in Norway. With the increasing prevalence of two-career homes and single-parent homes, the need for day care is indeed great and unlikely to decrease in the near future. Given this trend, studies such as the one carried out by these authors are pertinent, poignant, and deserving of thorough evaluation. As primary care physicians, we have a responsibility to be informed regarding the safety of those day care facilities that our patient-families may choose to utilize.
Monitoring and Evaluating Managed Care for Children With Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities
Authors: Newacheck Paul W. , Stein Ruth E. K. , Walker Deborah Klein , Gortmaker Steven L. , Kuhlthau Karen , Perrin James M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. Children with chronic illnesses and disabilities are increasingly enrolling in managed care arrangements. Yet, the rapid expansion of managed care has unknown consequences for children with chronic conditions and disabilities. As managed care is likely to become the predominant mode of medical practice for children with chronic health problems, information gained from a thorough assessment of existing managed care models could be helpful in indicating adjustments and modifications that could result in improved outcomes for this population. The purpose of this article is to outline a new strategy for collecting needed information on the effects of managed care on children with chronic health problems.

Methods. We reviewed the literature on the effects of managed care on children with chronic conditions and disabilities. We identified key domains relevant to monitoring and evaluating managed care for this population.

Results. Two research approaches can provide helpful information for assessing the effects of managed care on children with chronic conditions. First, a monitoring strategy could be pursued in which enrollment trends in managed care, enrollee perceptions of access and satisfaction with care, and other general indicators of outcomes would be tracked over time using inexpensive and rapid turnaround data sources. Second, an evaluative strategy could be pursued using experimental or quasiexperimental designs, in which outcomes across a variety of domains for children with chronic conditions in managed care are compared with: (a) outcomes for the same children before enrollment in managed care; or (b) outcomes for similar children remaining in traditional fee-for-service settings. Evaluation and monitoring strategies should focus on outcomes in a number of domains including: (1) access to care; (2) utilization of services; (3) quality of care; (4) satisfaction with care; (5) expenditures for care; (6) health outcomes; and (7) family impact.

Conclusion. Assessing outcomes that result from enrollment in managed care for children with chronic health problems presents a formidable challenge. The research strategy outlined in this article presents one approach to meeting that challenge. The monitoring and evaluation strategies described here would require commitment of additional resources on the part of government, private foundations, and/or health plans. Given the paucity of existing information and the stakes for children with chronic conditions and their families, investment of added resources in a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation strategy is essential.
Neurocysticercosis: Report of Unusual Pediatric Cases
Authors: Stamos Julie Kim , Rowley Anne H. , Hahn Yoon S. , Chadwick Ellen Gould , Schsntz Peter M. , Wilson Marianna
Published: December 2021

Cysticercosis is widely endemic in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. The incidence of cysticercosis has been increasing in the United States during the last decade.1 Although an infection still seen primarily in immigrants, it has been reported in increasing numbers in individuals who have close contact with persons who have resided in endemic areas.2 Only 6 cases of cysticercosis in children born in the United States have been reported; in 3 of these cases, the parents were from or had traveled to an endemic area and Taenia ova were recovered from the stools of the parent(s).1,3-6 Because of the prolonged incubation period, cases are rarely seen in infants and young children.4
In Reply: Clonidine and Electrocardiograms
Authors: MALONEY MICHAEL J. , SCHWAM JEFFREY S.
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Drs Blackman, Samson-Fang, and Gutgesell's interest in our letter to the editor and the opportunity to respond to some of their comments. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists are frequently prescribing the combination of clonidine and methylphenidate to manage children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who are unresponsive to other treatments. We agree that monitoring pulse and blood pressure, as well as looking for a history of cardiac sinus node dysfunction, makes clinical sense.

Regarding baseline ECGs, there does not seem to be enough data on the use of this combination of medications in children to state a definitive answer.
Outcome and Acute Care Hospital Costs After Warm Water Near Drowning in Children
Authors: Christensen David W. , Jansen Paul , Perkin Ronald M.
Published: December 2021

Objective. Predictive efforts using individual factors or scoring systems do not adequately identify all intact survivors, and therefore all drowning victims are aggressively resuscitated in most emergency departments. More reliable outcome prediction is needed to guide early treatment decisions.

Methods. The charts of 274 near drowning patients admitted to Loma Linda University Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patient outcome was categorized into good (near normal function), and poor (vegetative or dead) categories. Discriminant analysis was used to identify combinations of variables most able to predict outcome and a clinical classification system was constructed. The acute care hospital costs for each group were compared.

Results. Discriminant analysis classification achieved 95% accuracy, predicting death in 6 intact survivors. No combination of variables could accurately separate all intact survivors from the vegetative and dead groups. The clinical classification method achieved 93% overall accuracy, predicting death in 5 intact survivors. Of patients predicted to have a poor outcome, 5 (6.3%) survived intact. Children may experience an unpredictable, prolonged vegetative state followed by full recovery. Vegetative patients are the most expensive to care for (consuming 53% of total costs) while intact survivors are the least expensive. The majority of costs were spent on patients with poor outcome.

Conclusions. Individual outcome cannot be reliably predicted in the emergency department; therefore, aggressive resuscitation of near drowning victims should be performed. Decisions to subsequently withdraw life support should be made based on integration of likelihood of survival, high (but not absolute) certainty, and parental/societal issues. The vegetative patients are the most expensive to care for, while intact survivors are least expensive. Reduction of expenditures on patients likely to have vegetative or dead outcome would result in substantial savings, but loss of normal survivors.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Lithology Recognition of Petroleum Logging in Low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Shang Fuhua , Cao Maojun , Wang Caizhi
Published: December 2021

In low permeability reservoirs, the conversion accuracy of the existing petroleum logging lithology identification method to small pore capillary pressure curve is not high, resulting in a low rock mass identification accuracy. Therefore, artificial intelligence technology is considered in this study to enhance the accuracy of lithology identification in low permeability reservoirs. Firstly, the radar mapping program is used to predict the position of reservoir oil logging, and then the small pore capillary pressure curve is converted by using the conversion method of piecewise power function scale to obtain the pore characteristics of low-permeability reservoir rocks. On this basis, the crossplot method is used to gather the pore characteristic data in well logging and form a plan, and the response parameters of well logging rock mass are obtained to realize the identification and analysis of lithology. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing identification methods, the accuracy of lithology identification in low-permeability reservoir logging is significantly increased after the application of artificial intelligence technology, and the identification process takes less time, which fully proves that the application of artificial intelligence technology is conducive to improving the performance of lithology identification.
Rationale for endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of heart disease in children and adults
Authors: Mitrofanova L. B. , Galkovsky B. E. , Danilova I. A. , Lebedev D. S.
Published: December 2021

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the method of choice for diagnosing a wide range of myocardial diseases.

Aim. To assess the rationale for diagnostic EMB in children and adults.

Material and methods. Morphological and statistical analysis of 2803 diagnostic EMBs in adults (n=811) and children (n=83), including those in heart transplantation (n=1909), was carried out.

Results. In 231 (28%) cases, adults were diagnosed with myocarditis, of which in 6 patients — granulomatous, in 5 — eosinophilic and in 6 — lymphocytic-macrophage myocarditis after coronavirus infection. In children, myocarditis was found in 22 cases (27%). Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia took the second place in detection rate in children and adults. Immunohistochemical study revealed viral envelope protein 1 (VP1) antigen of enteroviruses in one third of myocarditis cases, and in half — other cardiotropic viruses. Dotted dystrophin expression was observed in myocarditis. A correlation was established between the perforin expression and myocarditis presence (Pearson χ2=27,8; Fisher's exact test=27,3; p=0,01).

Conclusion. Analysis of diagnostic EMB results confirmed its rationale in adults and children not only for heart transplantation, but also for identifying cardiac pathology, including for myocarditis diagnosis. It has been shown that immunohistochemical study with antiviral antibodies can be considered as an alternative method for detecting viral infection. An immunohistochemical analysis for perforin and dystrophin can be recommended as additional morphological markers of myocarditis.
2020 Clinical practice guidelines for Myocarditis in adults
Authors: Arutyunov G. P. , Paleev F. N. , Moiseeva O. M. , Dragunov D. O. , Sokolova A. V. , Arutyunov A. G. , Zhirov I. V. , Blagova O. V. , Privalova E. V. , Gabrusenko S. A. , Garganeeva A. A. , Gendlin G. E. , Gilyarevsky S. R. , Duplyakov D. V. , Zairatiants O. V. , Karateev D. E. , Koziolova N. A. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Kochetov A. G. , Lopatin Yu. M. , Melekhov A. V. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Narusov O. Yu. , Nasonova S. N. , Nedostup A. V. , Nikulina S. Yu. , Orlova Ya. A. , Poteshkina N. G. , Rebrov A. P. , Saidova M. A. , Sedov V. P. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Sitnikova M. Yu. , Skvortsov A. A. , Skibitsky V. V. , Stukalova O. V. , Tarlovskaya E. I. , Tereshchenko S. N. , Usov V. Yu. , Famin I. V. , Chesnikova A. I. , Shaposhnik I. I. , Shostak N. A.
Published: December 2021

Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC)

With the participation: Eurasian Association of Therapists (EUAT), Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (OSSN), Russian Scientific Medical Society of Therapists (RNMOT), Russian Society of Pathologists, Russian Society of Radiologists and Radiologists (RSR)

Endorsed by: Research and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: December 2021

Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 4, Volume 13, 2021: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting researches or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Haemato-biochemical alterations and acute toxicity study of hydro-methanol root extract of Anacardium occidentale in cockerels; Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Molecular detection of Trypanosoma species and haematological alterations in four trypanosome-infected Nigerian horses; Cryopreservation of aromatic ginger Kaempferia galanga L. by encapsulation-dehydration; Comparative study of some physicochemical and biological properties of effect host species variation on the relationship Saharan parasitic plant Cistanche violaceae (Desf.) Beck.; Comparative leaf anatomy of ten Nepenthes L. species (Nepenthaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia; Seed germination response of Indian wild pear (Pyrus pashia) to gibberellic acid treatment and cold storage; Molecular and morphological characterization of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 from Egypt.
C2 Advanced Multi-domain Environment and Live Observation Technologies
Authors: Pérez Francisco José , García Alberto , Garrido Víctor J. , Esteve Manuel , Zambrano Marcelo
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the free movement of people and goods within the European Union is one of the topical issues. Each member state and border practitioner exploits its own set of assets in their goal of border surveillance and control. States have invested significantly in these assets and infrastructures necessary to manage and control the transit in the border areas. As new capabilities and assets become available and as current Command and Control (C2) systems become older, border control practitioners are faced with the increasing challenge of how to integrate new assets, command and control all of them in a coordinated and coherent way without having to invest in a completely new C2 systems built from the ground up. Therefore, and bearing in mind that the systems already developed up to date are very old and are not framed in a global standard data model, it has been identified, on one side the need to define a platform that allows to interact with multiple UxVs (land, sea and air), and on the other, unify all data models so that it can globalize and generate a much more concise analysis of what happens in places of conflict.
Síndrome metabólica em idosos de um aglomerado urbano subnormal: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Aquino Nathalia Barbosa de , Lira Pedro Israel Cabral de , Oliveira Juliana Souza , Batista Filho Malaquias , Rissin Anete , Caminha Maria de Fátima Costa , Melo Silvia Pereira da Silva de Carvalho , Diniz Alcides da Silva , Arruda Ilma Kruze Grande de
Published: December 2021

Resumo Introdução A síndrome metabólica (SM) é o agrupamento de fatores de risco associados à adiposidade central e à resistência à insulina. Objetivo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a prevalência da SM e os fatores associados em idosos de uma comunidade do município de Recife, Pernambuco. Método Estudo transversal com 166 idosos de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, residentes na Comunidade dos Coelhos, no município de Recife. Para o diagnóstico da SM, foi utilizado o critério do NCEP-ATPIII. A análise dos dados foi efetuada com a utilização do programa estatístico SPSS para Windows, versão 13.1. Na comparação entre proporções, foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e o teste exato de Fischer. A razão de prevalência foi utilizada como medida de efeito considerando a SM como variável dependente. Resultados A prevalência de SM encontrada foi de 38,3%. Os fatores associados à SM após ajustes foram: a idade, na faixa etária 60-69 anos (44,4%, p = 0,047), o sexo feminino (43,1%, p = 0,056) e o excesso de peso (57,3%, p < 0,001). Conclusão A SM apresentou uma alta prevalência na população idosa avaliada, sendo associada às características demográficas e ao estado nutricional.
Revisitando o Experimento de Eratóstenes: medida do raio de Terra
Authors: Azevedo Levi O. A. , Ribeiro Orlando S. , Costa Natanael C. , Sinnecker Elis H. C. P. , Gandelman Miriam
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho, medimos o raio da Terra reproduzindo o histórico experimento de Eratóstenes, realizado por volta de 240 a.C., nas antigas cidades de Siena e Alexandria. Aqui, obtemos as medidas nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro-RJ e Teresina-PI, cidades cujas coordenadas de longitude são muito próximas. Utilizando equipamentos simples, como fios de prumo e cartolinas, medimos, de forma simultânea, a inclinação dos raios solares sobre a superfície da Terra quando o Sol está no ponto mais alto do céu. Através de dados de satélites – para a determinação da distância (latitude) entre as cidades – e pelas medidas obtidas para a diferença dos ângulos em cada cidade, estimamos o raio médio volumétrico da Terra com um erro de 0 , 5% em relação aos valores da literatura. Ademais, a partir da diferença do horário em que o Sol fica no ponto mais alto do céu nos locais de medida, estimamos a velocidade angular de rotação da Terra em torno do seu próprio eixo. Com isso, apresentamos (de forma didática e simples) como obter a curvatura média do planeta, assumindo uma superfície de forma aproximadamente esférica, além da sua velocidade de rotação.
A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE INTEGRATIVA DE PUBLICAÇÕES CIENTÍFICAS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: MARQUES RODRIGO MÜLLER , MAZZARINO JANE MÁRCIA
Published: December 2021

RESUMO: O artigo problematiza o panorama da formação de professores em educação ambiental, seus desafios e suas potências. Tem-se por objetivo mapear, analisar e discutir a produção acadêmica publicada entre 1992 e 2017, referente à formação de professores em educação ambiental em língua inglesa a partir da Análise Integrativa. A metodologia caracteriza-se como quanti-qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental. Analisaram-se publicações em língua inglesa no Portal de Periódicos da Capes. Os resultados da análise integrativa apontam dificuldades e potências. Como dificuldades identificaram-se abordagens superficiais, visão disciplinar, falta de diálogo e de motivação, rigidez de pensamento e falta de contato dos professores com a natureza. As potências encontradas foram exploração de novas metodologias, uso de tecnologias sociais e de mídia, ampliação de espaços de atividade, diversificação de abordagens, autoformação, cooperação, atividades que exploram a afetividade, a criatividade e a arte.
Duplamente queer: filme-ensaio brasileiro, narrativas dissidentes e direitos insurgentes
Authors: Pinheiro Douglas Antônio Rocha
Published: December 2021

Resumo O artigo aborda a afirmação de direitos de pessoas dissidentes de sexualidade e de gênero no Brasil de 1990 a 2020 por meio de duas obras audiovisuais ensaísticas de temática queer: Seams (1993) e Bixa Travesty (2018). O texto explora, ainda, como o filme-ensaio, forma cinematográfica avessa a classificações, garante uma linguagem suficientemente fluida para se narrar experiências LGBTQIA+ invisibilizadas. Por fim, o artigo reflete sobre a contribuição da ensaística audiovisual à epistemologia jurídica.
Desejo, Cinema e Direito: por uma crítica do sujeito de direito, na pisada de Cláudio Assis
Authors: Rolo Rafael Felgueiras , Romaguera Daniel Carneiro Leão
Published: December 2021

Resumo O Cinema de Cláudio Assis, com especial atenção a três de seus longas metragens (Amarelo Manga, Baixio das Bestas e Febre do Rato), é considerado neste ensaio como ponto de partida para a crítica do sujeito de direito. O ensaio é dividido em três partes. Após breve definição daquilo que se entende por subjetividade jurídica, três arcos narrativos são analisados, um para cada filme considerado. Os arcos selecionados permitirão, ao final, a crítica da noção de sujeito de direito, bem como apontar direções para pesquisas futuras.
“Quem nasce em Bacurau é o quê?”: do perspectivismo à autoafirmação em Bacurau
Authors: Moita Cristiano
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo explora o filme Bacurau sob dois aspectos da filosofia de Nietzsche: o perspectivismo e a autoafirmação. Por um lado, a quebra de expectativas que ocorre durante o filme permite interpretar a realidade a partir de diferentes perspectivas. Por outro lado, essas perspectivas podem também ser entendidas como a autoafirmação de sujeitos comumente negados sob diferentes prismas. Assim, em primeiro lugar, faço uma relação entre perspectivismo e interpretação que desemboca numa relação entre perspectivismo e liberdade. Em seguida, a partir de uma análise de três cenas, centradas nos personagens do cangaceiro, dos velhos e da criança, sugiro que perspectivismo, interpretação e liberdade convergem em Bacurau, concluindo que padrões de pensamento recalcitrantes, sobretudo na forma de perspectivas estigmatizantes, podem ser interrompidos pela apresentação de perspectivas autoafirmadoras. A afirmação de si e da vida, critério fundamental da existência interpretativa, é feita por qualquer ser humano, e a apresentação das perspectivas autoafirmadoras das diversas manifestações humanas, inclusive de polos tradicionalmente estigmatizados, pode implicar a substituição de perspectivas estigmatizantes.
Roupas de segunda mão: consumo, doença e descarte (São Paulo, 1900-1914)
Authors: Leite Rosangela Ferreira
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Os sistemas de trocas, vendas e transmissões de roupas de segunda mão formam práticas que podem ser reconhecidas na longa duração histórica. No início do século XX, esses sistemas foram confrontados com as formas de consumo que acionavam os produtos novos como testemunhos da modernidade. Este artigo parte do clássico episódio dos experimentos chefiados por Emílio Ribas, no ano de 1903, para se chegar ao estudo dos medos e dos usos que as pessoas fizeram das indumentárias de segunda mão. O argumento aqui apresentado é que as populações, perante os diferentes saberes em disputa, num período demarcado pelo encontro entre várias epidemias e de expansão do capitalismo industrial, produziram novas apreensões sobre as roupas utilizadas por outrem, revigorando a conexão entre saúde e novidade. Essa apreensão impulsionou a cultura de consumo baseada no descarte, na cidade de São Paulo, no período entre 1900 e 1914.
The Decline of 20th Century High-Frequency Therapeutics
Authors: Monesa Nathan , Hanasab Aviel , Fouladian Ryan , Horovitz Tal R.
Published: December 2021

The use of high-frequency currents as a therapy for treating various medical conditions gained momentum during the late 19th-century but began to decline about 30 years later. Around this time various researchers discredited the reputation of high-frequency currents (HFCs) by indicating that HFCs produced their therapeutic effects through the action of heat alone, without a "specific effect" of HFCs. The rejection of the Rife machine by many physicians, due to a lack of understanding of its principles, along with the rise in fraudulent Rife machines, also added doubt to the validity of electrotherapeutics. Furthermore, the simultaneous rise in popularity of the pharmaceutical industry and X-ray therapy ensured the decline in popularity, and hence funding for the research of HFCs.
Effects of coupled heat and moisture and load damage on chloride transport in concrete
Authors: Min Hongguang , Zhang Weiping
Published: December 2021

This paper presents thoroughgoing research on chloride transport in damaged concrete. The effects of temperature and temperature gradient on chloride transport were investigated, along with the effects of relative humidity, humidity gradient, concrete damage and exposure time. The higher the temperature and the greater the humidity gradient were, the quicker the chloride transport was. Moisture transport increased as concrete damage increased, while chloride transport decreased incrementally. Considering the effect of coupled heat and moisture on chloride transport in concrete, a chloride transport model was established and verified by experiments. Chloride profiles in damaged concrete were related to temperature, temperature gradient, relative humidity and humidity gradient. The chloride attack rate decreased with increasing concrete damage and exposure time. Hence, coupled heat and moisture as well as concrete damage had significant effects on chloride transport in damaged concrete, and the effects of concrete damage on chloride transport should be considered when determining chloride profiles in damaged concrete.
The German Concept of AIR in Emotional Processes. A comparative Analysis German-Polish
Authors: Pawlikowska-Asendrych Elżbieta
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is the metaphorical conceptualization of emotional processes on the basis of the general conceptual domain (German) LUFT (Polish: POWIETRZE) and detailed source domains. These domains constitute the experiential basis of our understanding and conceptualization of abstract emotional processes. The aim of the analysis is to identify German metaphorical expressions referring to the concept of AIR (LUFT) and compare them with expressions in Polish. The analysis is based on the theory of the metaphor of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, according to which the analyzed expressions are transferred to the target domains.
Une parenté de corps et un genre sexué : en dialogue avec Françoise Héritier
Authors: FORTIER Corinne
Published: December 2021

La pensée de Françoise Héritier relativement aux questions de substances, de différence des sexes, de procréation et d’inceste fera l’objet d’une analyse approfondie et sera mise en perspective avec mes propres recherches. Si Françoise Héritier a montré que le corps constitue le « socle » des représentations du masculin et du féminin, je démontre l’importance du corps comme support de représentations, non seulement du genre mais de la parenté.
La bataille de mil
Authors: FIÉLOUX Michèle
Published: December 2021

On se propose d’étudier ce thème en prenant comme point d’entrée les relations particulières que les Lobi entretiennent avec le mil, produit alimentaire de base et amer, consubstantiel du groupe patrilinéaire, ce qui conditionne l’ensemble du procès de production, les modes de consommation, l’utilisation des revenus etc. Le mil est indissociable des pratiques religieuses et cet outil symbolique sert de métaphore pour rendre compte avec ses diverses transformations (du produit brut au produit transformé) de la fabrication du défunt en ancêtre ; de la définition d’une unité de production ; de l’intégration lignagère et de la relation aux ancêtres du groupe. La question posée ici se rapporte tout particulièrement à l’évolution actuelle de ce cadre conceptuel et en quoi il sert à penser le changement en particulier au niveau des rapports entre les sexes.
OPTIMIZATION OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EPOXY HYBRID POLYMER COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH ZrB2 AND PTFE PARTICLES USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE TRIBOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Narayanan Aswathi A. , Sudheesh R. S.
Published: December 2021

Hybrid PTFE/epoxy composites are widely used as materials for self-lubricating spherical bearing which are used in a high-temperature environment. In the present work, zirconium diboride (ZrB2) particles are incorporated to enhance high-temperature tribological properties of PTFE/epoxy composites. Pin on disc experiment is conducted with the aid of design of experiments (DOE) using central composite-response surface methodology (RSM). Under a load of 40 N and 1.25 m/s sliding speed, the optimum content 5.95 vol% of PTFE and 5.05 vol% of ZrB2, yields an ultralow coefﬁcient of friction (COF) in conjunction with a low wear rate of the composite. The addition of ultra-high-temperature ceramic ZrB2 particles and solid lubricant PTFE is found to enhance the thermal conductivity and improve the heat transfer thereby reducing contact temperature. The use of optimum composition of the composite is capable of reducing the wear rate and high local temperature due to friction, implying its potential use as a self-lubricating spherical bearing liner material.
COMPARISON OF THE CORROSION PROPERTIES OF CoCrMo DENTAL ALLOYS IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA
Authors: Kosec Tadeja , Bajt Leban Mirjam , Kurnik Matej , Kopač Igor
Published: December 2021

CoCrMo alloys are known for their biocompatible properties, which, together with their favorable mechanical properties, mean they can be efficiently used in dentistry. With the development of selective laser melting for the fabrication of 3D printed objects, interest in the corrosion properties of this alloy has risen in the field of prosthodontics. In the study, CoCrMoW dental alloys were studied in artificial saliva at body temperature i.e. 37 °C. Different forms of CoCrMoW alloy were selected: a reference sample, i.e. original material as-received from the supplier, a casted sample acquired from an ordinary procedure in a dental laboratory, and two 3D printed samples made from CoCrMoW powder using the selective laser melting method (SLM). Electrochemical, spectroscopic and hardness measurements were conducted. It was shown that the reference and cast samples have similar microstructural and electrochemical properties, while the electrochemical properties of the 3D printed samples differ, most probably due to the effect of the higher micro porosity and chemical composition of the alloys.
A EFFECT OF CeO2 DOPING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF CoCuNiTi HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY COATINGS
Authors: Ma Mingxing , Zhao Liang , Wang Zhi-xin , Li Shang-zhi , Dong Chen
Published: December 2021

CoCuNiTi high-entropy alloy coatings with an equal molar ratio were prepared on 45 steel substrates using the laser-cladding method. The effect of CeO2 doping on phase structure, microstructure and corrosion behavior of CoCuNiTi coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the phase structure of CoCuNiTi coating doped with 1 w/% CeO2 is transformed from the original dual-phase structure of FCC main phase and BCC phase to the dual-phase structure of BCC main phase and FCC phase, mainly because CeO2 addition helps to improve the temperature gradient and solidification rate during solidification, reduce the nucleation resistance and the diffusion distance of the alloying elements, and provide a liquid environment with longer time, lower viscosity and higher diffusion rate. The microstructure of the two coatings is composed of BCC-phase dendrite and FCC-phase interdendrite. The widths of the primary dendrites of the columnar dendrites in CoCuNiTi cladding layer before and after CeO2 doping are about 8.10 µm and 6.51 µm, respectively. The CoCuNiTi coating doped with 1 w/% CeO2 has the smallest corrosion current density, the largest capacitive reactance arc radius and polarization resistance, and the best corrosion resistance in 3.5 w/% NaCl solution, which is mainly due to making the alloy structure refined and the element distribution uniform after the CeO2 addition.
The process of discovery in and new species from northern Peru, Cerro Colán, Department Amazonas, Province Bagua
Authors: Croat Thomas B. , Grace Ann M. , Barbour Philip J. , Schulenberg Thomas S. , Graham Gary L.
Published: December 2021

A review of discoveries of plants and animals by a 1978 expedition from Louisiana State University to Peru is presented. Genesis of this study was owing to the senior author’s observation of unusually high species richness in Araceae among a collection of plants made in northern Peru. A subsequent review showed that the region was rich in many ways. Determinations to date include 983 species belonging to 513 genera and 145 families of which 81 species are endemic. Included are 59 plant taxa new to science described elsewhere. Eleven aroids (Araceae) from northern Peru are described and illustrated as new. Some records represent new taxa described from voucher specimens independently collected by botanists at prior or later dates and different localities. A collection was assigned the nov. sp. category of noteworthiness if Tropicos database (http://www.tropicos.org) showed either the Alwyn H. Gentry, et al. and or the Philip J. Barbour accession to be the first such collection known. Specimen searches in Tropicos by senior collector as Philip Barbour and separately by Gentry and constrained by appropriate dates revealed 1687 independent determined voucher specimens of which 1545 are noteworthy (92%) by the designated categories. Noteworthy categories are described and presented in appendices 2 and 3. Extralimital plant distribution records are not described here. Four new bird species/subspecies and seven new frog species were discovered on this expedition. It is important to note that after only 42 years much of the region where many of these discoveries were made is now largely devoid of natural vegetation. Appendix 4 provides detailed descriptions of habitat on Cerro Colán as recent as 2017. This study is a reminder that areas newly opened for exploration should be thoroughly and quickly studied to capture the greatest scientific benefit. It shows how much could be attained in a small span of time by a small but dedicated group of biologists.
Taxonomic notes on some Styrax (Styracaceae) species from Brazil
Authors: Fritsch Peter W.
Published: December 2021

Taxonomic issues regarding three species of Styrax ser. Valvatae in Brazil are addressed. Styrax bahiensis, a new species from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is similar to S. pallidus in its leaves of similar size and anther thecae that exceed the connective, but differs by coriaceous leaf blades with a revolute margin, leaf domatia up to 0.7 mm long and flat or rarely slightly bulging, a yellow- or orange-stellate-tomentulose calyx abaxially, and spreading corolla lobes. The species is known only from the type collection gathered over 50 years ago. Styrax griseus is placed in synonymy under S. kuhlmannii, a species from central Brazil, and a lectotype is provided for S. kuhlmannii. An updated description and estimate of the geographic distribution of S. pauciflorus are provided, as well as a lectotype and conservation assessment for this species.
An Imperfect Firewall: Quebec’s Constitutional Right of Secession as a Device Against Domination
Authors: Pérez-Lozano Lluís
Published: December 2021

The idea of including a right of secession in democratic constitutions has been discussed by different political and legal theorists; however, little has been said on the matter from the point of view of democratic-republican political philosophy. This article undertakes this effort by means of a normative analysis of Quebec’s constitutional right of secession, as outlined in the Quebec Secession Reference. This analysis shows how the non-unilateral nature of this right minimises the risks for republican freedom (as non-domination) and inclusion in the Quebec secession conflict, while the fact that it is limited to a national constitutional framework dampens this achievement.