bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecology and Evolution of Intraspecific Chemodiversity of Plants
Authors: Müller Caroline , Bräutigam Andrea , Eilers Elisabeth , Junker Robert , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Steppuhn Anke , Unsicker Sybille , van Dam Nicole , Weisser Wolfgang , Wittmann Meike
Published: January 2020

An extraordinarily high intraspecific chemical diversity, i.e. chemodiversity, has been found in several plant species, of which some are of major ecological or economic relevance. Moreover, even within an individual plant there is substantial chemodiversity among tissues and across seasons. This chemodiversity likely has pronounced ecological effects on plant mutualists and antagonists, associated foodwebs and, ultimately, biodiversity. Surprisingly, studies on interactions between plants and their herbivores or pollinators often neglect plant chemistry as a level of diversity and phenotypic variation. The main aim of this Research Unit (RU) is to understand the emergence and maintenance of intraspecific chemodiversity in plants. We address the following central questions:

1) How does plant chemodiversity vary across levels, i.e., within individuals, among individuals within populations, and among populations?

2) What are the ecological consequences of intraspecific plant chemodiversity?

3) How is plant chemodiversity genetically determined and maintained?

By combining field and laboratory studies with metabolomics, transcriptomics, genetic tools, statistical data analysis and modelling, we aim to understand causes and consequences of plant chemodiversity and elucidate its impacts on the interactions of plants with their biotic environment. Furthermore, we want to identify general principles, which hold across different species, and develop meaningful measures to describe the fascinating diversity of defence chemicals in plants. These tasks require integrated scientific collaboration of experts in experimental and theoretical ecology, including chemical and molecular ecology, (bio)chemistry and evolution.
The structure of prices in the neo-Sumerian economy (II); the wool:silver price ratio
Authors: Cripps Eric L.
Published: January 2020

Le système monétaire de l’économie marchande d’Ur III a imposé une structure de prix relatifs établissant la corrélation entre les valeurs équivalentes de tous les produits de base. La pierre angulaire de cette structure était la relation de valeur entre les deux principales formes de monnaie dans l’économie, à savoir le ratio “prix” bi-monétaire de 1 gur d’orge pour 1 sicle d’argent. Les “prix” de tous les autres produits pourraient être liés à ce ratio “prix”. Mon analyse du ratio du “prix” orge//argent poursuit l’étude des structures de “prix” et aborde plus avant le problème de la détermination des “prix” ou de leurs substituts dans l’économie de la fin du troisième millénaire. L’accent est mis ici sur le prix relatif de la laine, la deuxième matière première de l’ancienne économie mésopotamienne. Les fluctuations et la stabilité relative de ce prix relatif entre la dernière année de Šulgi et les premières années du règne d’Ibbi-Suen sont prises en compte. Une attention limitée est également accordée aux variations, le cas échéant, des prix relatifs introduits par différents types et qualités de laine. Une considération fondamentale consiste à distinguer les variations introduites par différents contextes définis par les fonctions et les provenances différentes des textes Ur III, principalement des bilans comptables, à partir desquels des données sur des valeurs équivalentes ont été extraites. L’influence déterminante de la disponibilité et du “prix” de l’orge sur le prix relatif de la laine est également suggérée.
Chapitre 1. Lait, sang, larmes en offrande : la manipulation des fluides corporels féminins comme support d’une élaboration éthique pour la biosphère
Authors: Legrand Marine , Tondeur Anaïs
Published: January 2020

L’empreinte toujours croissante des activités humaines sur les milieux de vie conduit des acteurs de tout ordre à chercher à développer de nouvelles éthiques environnementales, qui passent tant par l’élaboration théorique que par l’expérimentation. Celles-ci diffèrent dans leurs fondements comme dans leurs conséquences pratiques, en ce qu’elles mettent l’accent sur la vie de chaque être, les écosystèmes, les processus évolutifs, ou bien encore l’intérêt bien compris de notre propre espèce. Choisissant d’entremêler expérimentation et théorisation au travers d’une exploration hybride entre art contemporain et anthropologie, nous avons mené une série de performances impliquant nos propres fluides corporels féminins ou considérés comme tels – lait maternel, sang menstruel, larmes du deuil – dont nous avons fait des offrandes à différents milieux. Ces gestes, conçus comme des rituels, participent d’une mise en discussion, avec différents publics, du dialogue entre existences humaines et cycles biogéochimiques. Celle-ci poursuit, tout en les dépassant, les analogies anciennes entre fertilité féminine et terrestre. Nous constatons qu’une piste s’ouvre ainsi, s’appuyant sur une pensée renouvelée de la physiologie, vers une approche éthique particulière tournée vers la biosphère : elle puise dans les continuités matérielles et symboliques entre les existences humaines et le reste du monde vivant, partant de ce qu’il y a de plus intime en chacune et chacun de nous.
Chapitre 4. How Artistic Transgressive Posture May Challenge Research Ethics Norms
Authors: Voarino Nathalie , Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2020

La recherche-création (RC), domaine émergent au carrefour entre recherche universitaire et activités créatives, défie l’application des normes actuelles de conduite responsable en recherche (CRR) et d’éthique de la recherche. Des différences notoires s’observent entre le point de vue des praticiens de la RC et ceux des membres de la communauté éthique. Notamment, certains chercheurs-créateurs déclarent ouvertement qu’ils ne se sentent pas concernés par les règles et standards de la CRR, l’art ayant pour objectif de transgresser les normes, et sont donc en désaccord avec l’obligation de se conformer aux exigences éthiques. De telles déclarations sont particulièrement intéressantes du point de vue de la bioéthique et constituent un point de départ particulièrement pertinent pour explorer la manière dont les standards de CRR pourraient ou devraient s’appliquer aux pratiques de RC. À l’aide d’exemples issus du bio art, ce texte tente de démêler la relation en apparence conflictuelle entre ces deux univers, et de démontrer que ces différentes perspectives ne sont pas nécessairement contradictoires. Cette réflexion permet d’identifier les bases d’une compréhension mutuelle et de désarmer les éventuelles critiques en ce qui a trait à la promotion de la responsabilité en RC, qu’elles proviennent de l’une ou l’autre des communautés.
Une approche de l’écologie sonore adaptée à l’école
Authors: Goday Pascale
Published: January 2020

Comme l’air, le son accompagne chaque instant de notre vie, mais trop souvent à notre insu. Les valeurs des sociétés contemporaines conduisent les individus à accepter l’inflation sonore, voire à la rechercher. Face à ces constats, une prise de conscience dès le plus jeune âge par l’éducation semble la voie du bon sens. Visant à former les acteurs d’une société plus « harmonieuse » dans laquelle l’ouïe serait réhabilitée, il semble urgent de promouvoir des valeurs respectueuses des environnements sonores, à commencer par celles inhérentes aux établissements scolaires, et de contribuer ainsi à un meilleur équilibre des relations personne-société-environnement. Cet article s’appuie sur une expérience, « approche de l’écologie sonore adaptée à l’école », pilotée par l’auteure au sein de l’école primaire du Collège international Marie-de-France à Montréal depuis la rentrée scolaire 2017.
Éducation artistique et culturelle : la force de la danse
Authors: Germain-Thomas Patrick
Published: January 2020

La valorisation des connaissances et pratiques artistiques au sein de l’école se fonde sur une conception des apprentissages réconciliant l’intelligence rationnelle et l’intelligence sensible. Dans ce contexte, la danse occupe une place très significative dans les politiques d’éducation artistique et culturelle construites en France depuis les années 1980. En partenariat avec des enseignants de l’Éducation nationale (en éducation physique et sportive, mais aussi dans d’autres matières), de nombreux artistes participent à des projets chorégraphiques dans les établissements, conjuguant des ateliers de pratique, des présentations d’œuvres et des débats avec les élèves. Ces projets ont largement fait la preuve de leur fécondité, plus particulièrement sur les plans relationnel et cognitif. Ils offrent un potentiel considérable d’amélioration du climat scolaire et de la qualité de l’attention des apprenants. Un développement accru de cette forme d’action supposerait un accroissement important des financements publics, souvent affiché comme une priorité dans les discours mais qui se concrétise beaucoup plus rarement dans les faits.
Le musée de demain doit-il être amusant ?
Authors: Vaissière Sébastien
Published: January 2020

La mue des musées entamée à la fin du siècle dernier prend de nos jours un tour inattendu. Dépoussiérés, « ludifiés », digitalisés, les voilà parés des atours de l’époque, pensés pour le partage, accoutumés au selfie, immersifs à l’envi et ludiques à souhait. Les temples de l’art et de la culture ont appris à séduire pour mieux instruire, et à enivrer avant d’émouvoir, aidés en cela par l’intelligence artificielle et le multimédia. Le changement est si profond que la définition même du mot « musée » fait débat au sein du prestigieux Conseil international des musées (Icom). Pendant ce temps, les nouveaux musées du selfie ou de la crème glacée sont pris d’assaut, aux États-Unis, en Europe et en Inde, par une foule de visiteurs avides de pratiques et d’expériences nouvelles.
Recompositions intercommunales : vers des « projets culturels de territoire » ?
Authors: Pouthier François
Published: January 2020

À l’inverse d’une « réconciliation » peut-être insoluble entre démocratisation et démocratie culturelles, les territoires intercommunaux via les EPCI sont en mesure de participer au réenchantement de nos politiques culturelles en proposant une autre manière de conduire l’intervention culturelle territoriale pour de nouvelles formes d’aménagement d’espaces à habiter et à vivre. Ils s’abordent en intersectorialité entre les différents segments de l’action publique ; en interterritorialité avec les différents niveaux de collectivités et la société civile ; en interculturalité avec les personnes qui habitent ces espaces. Ces inter sont situés. Ils posent la nécessité d’une co-production entre les acteurs publics et les personnes dans de nouvelles formes de gouvernance localisées. Voilà qui demande une hybridation entre les pratiques dans une autre égalité et une autre réciprocité des relations. Voilà comment le développement culturel territorial pourrait passer de la différence à la diversité et d’une entité statique à un processus dynamique d’hybridation qui proposerait un projet culturel de territoire sans cesse à réinterroger.
L’émergence d’une sensibilité apocalyptique dans l’histoire
Authors: Baslez Marie-Françoise
Published: January 2020

L’apocalyptique ressort d’une sensibilisation particulière à l’événement vécu et à l’histoire, apparue dans l’Antiquité, qui utilise un système de représentations spécifique et qui ne se réduit pas à une matrice biblique. Une approche comparative de la littérature antique à l’époque hellénistique et romaine fournit les critères d’identification d’un événement apocalyptique : catastrophisme opposé au prévisionisme éclairé des Grecs et à leur principe de restauration, succession et chute des empires, désertion de(s) Dieu(x), renversement des situations et des valeurs, violence. L’apocalyptique antique a produit une littérature de résistance culturelle et religieuse dans une période de persécution ou de rébellion. Elle participe de la construction d’une identité communautaire en ouvrant des possibilités d’action opposées allant de la résistance passive à l’action violente.
Aux commencements astrologiques de l’apocalyptique juive
Authors: Hamidović David
Published: January 2020

Souvent présentée en rupture avec le reste de la Bible hébraïque (ou Ancien Testament) et le Nouveau Testament parce qu’elle est une littérature de crise, l’apocalyptique juive antique s’inscrit aussi dans un continuum intellectuel : elle vise à comprendre et à prolonger la prophétie et la sagesse. Un des moteurs de cette permanence se trouve initialement hors du judaïsme ancien, comme l’attestent les manuscrits de Qumrân 4Q208 et 4Q209. Prodromes du Traité d’astronomie (1 Hénoch 72-82), ils témoignent de l’emprunt de conceptions du temps et de la durée dans l’astronomie, les mathématiques et l’astrologie mésopotamiennes, avant leur intégration à dessein dans l’apocalyptique juive.
L’apocalypse sans la promesse
Authors: Fœssel Michaël
Published: January 2020

Après avoir vécu dans un monde porté par l’idée de progrès, promettant des « royaumes sans apocalypse », l’humanité pronostique aujourd’hui rationnellement sa propre perte, et envisage un monde sans hommes, une « apocalypse sans Royaume ». Dans ces conditions, la continuité du temps, qui garantissait la possibilité de consolation, est brisée. Au fil conducteur des visions du monde générées par l’anthropocène et la collapsologie, on voit que les espérances humaines ne semblent plus être ouvertes à un dénouement collectif. Si les apocalypses-révélations se souciaient de rendre le monde plus juste et accueillant, chaque individu est désormais renvoyé à sa solitude avec pour ultime perspective une transcendance inhabitée.
Des Petites A aux premiers pas de l’UFOLEP : aux origines du sport laïque en France (1895-1939)
Authors: Claverie Éric
Published: January 2020

Le présent article se propose d’investiguer les premières années du sport laïque en France, de la toute fin du xix e siècle à l’orée de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale avec la création de l’UFOLEP, en parallèle de la trajectoire du courant éducatif laïque de la Ligue de l’enseignement. Il s’agit plus particulièrement de comprendre l’émergence progressive d’un autre sport, suppléant les traditionnelles gymnastiques républicaines pré-conscriptives, davantage attaché à la masse qu’à l’élite, et frileux devant la compétition et la spécialisation. L’étude historique s’appuie sur les travaux et publications de la Ligue de l’enseignement, sur ceux d’organismes gravitant autour de la sphère laïque : œuvres postscolaires, patronages, petites A, et enfin sur les bulletins des fédérations hébergeuses (USFSA, FFA…). Tout en distinguant les discours au départ rétifs à une introduction des sports anglo-saxons dans le mouvement laïque et les demandes d’une base à l’inverse fortement attirée, l’article se propose de montrer qu’après avoir repoussé l’idée sportive en son sein, le mouvement laïque l’a intégrée par nécessité et stratégie tout en l’acclimatant à son ethos et son corps doctrinal.
Une révolution artistique manquée en éducation physique scolaire ? De l’expression corporelle aux activités physiques artistiques (1967 à nos jours)
Authors: Froissart Tony , Lemonnier Jean-Marc
Published: January 2020

Le début de cette période est celle des révolutions tant artistique que sociétale, estudiantine qu’enseignante. Certains enseignants, portés par les courants contestataires, questionnent le corps performance au regard de l’omniprésence sportive en éducation physique scolaire et cherchent à donner place à un corps expressif et sensible. Ils seront les pionniers de la scolarisation des activités physiques artistiques en EP, forts d’auto-formation ou d’investissements artistiques personnels. Si les Arts du cirque sont, dans un premier temps, en retrait par rapport à la danse dans ce processus de scolarisation, ils s’inscrivent dans la même dynamique à la fin du xx e siècle, notamment par une reconnaissance, en dehors de l’institution scolaire, du cirque contemporain. Toutefois, les enjeux éducatifs sous-jacents à l’enseignement des activités physiques artistiques et la démarche d’enseignement qui les sert semblent d’une appropriation délicate pour une partie de la profession qui se détourne de ces activités ou en transforme les fins artistiques au profit d’un lustre sportif qui sied mieux. Finalement, est-ce que les arts du cirque et la danse de création n’ont pas beaucoup à perdre dans leur scolarisation ?
Michel Vautrot : la construction d’une figure populaire de l’arbitrage (1959-1991)
Authors: Joly Alexandre
Published: January 2020

Une investigation approfondie de la carrière de Michel Vautrot, un arbitre français très populaire, permet d’entrer au cœur des mutations que connaît l’arbitrage au football en France dans la seconde moitié du xx e siècle. Ce directeur de jeu bisontin apparaît comme un arbitre international de renom dont la biographie n’a étonnamment jamais été réalisée. Il bénéficie, au sein de la presse, d’une image d’arbitre humaniste, de par son empathie vis-à-vis des joueurs et sa compréhension de l’esprit du jeu. La biographie réalisée sur cet arbitre permet de mettre en évidence la construction progressive de sa carrière emblématique, à travers quatre périodes identifiées. De 1959 à 1970, Michel Vautrot connaît ses débuts dans l’arbitrage. L’enfance vécue, entre la maladie, la non-pratique du sport et l’éducation en milieu rural permet de mieux saisir la singularité qui va le caractériser dans les années futures. Puis, de 1970 à 1975, il fait son apparition dans le haut niveau, ce qui lui confère une plus grande visibilité dans les médias. Michel Vautrot devient connu à l’échelle nationale et son image d’arbitre compétent commence à apparaître. De 1975 à 1982, un style particulier d’arbitrage, dans « l’esprit du jeu », qui fait preuve de psychologie, en étant proche des joueurs et de la presse, apparaît de manière véritablement marquée. Michel Vautrot est alors représenté comme l’un des meilleurs arbitres de l’Hexagone et devient populaire à l’échelle internationale. Enfin, de 1982 à 1991, il figure comme un modèle de l’arbitrage, avec ses propres normes de management des joueurs, un charisme et une expérience qui lui permettent d’officier dans les grands évènements européens et mondiaux du football.
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in the Screening for and Management of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Ng Eugene Y J , Lanigan Bernadette
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and to explore the possible benefits of fundus fluorescein angiography over conventional indirect ophthalmoscopy in the screening for and management of ROP.

Patiente and Methods: Beginning in January 2003, 23 consecutive patients were recruited for a nonrandomized, investigational trial. Fifty-one sessions of fundus fluorescein angiography were performed as part of ROP screening.

Resulte: Fundus fluorescein angiography caused no adverse effect. Clear angiograms were easily obtained. There was delayed arm-to-eye fluorescein transit. Leakage of fluorescein was observed in all stage 2 and stage 3 ROP The leakage resolved soon after treatment. Arteriovenous tufts were found far posterior to the ROP ridge and were a feature of severe ROP

Conclusions: Some vascular pathology observed on angiograms cannot be seen on indirect ophthalmoscopy. There was delayed arm-to-eye transit and fluorescein transit within the eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography allows more objective assessment of disease stage and zone. Regression of ROP is clearly observed on fundus fluorescein angiography.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2006;43:85-90.
Ocular Manifestations of Chromosome 14 Terminal Deletion
Authors: Chung Ida , Chawla Radhika , FitzGera David E
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A boy with chromosome 14 terminal (I4q32.3) deletion presented with typical facial dysmorphism, mental retardation, and hypotonia. Ocular examination revealed esotropia, jerk nystagmus, microcornea, and retinal-choroidal colobomas. We report the first case of microcorneas and colobomas in association with chromosome 14 terminal deletion to help further define this clinical syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2006;43:104-106.
Pseudallescheria boydii Keratitis
Authors: Ozkurt Yelda , Oral Yesim , Kulekci Zeynep , Benzonana Nur , Ustaoglu Reyhan , Kamil Omer
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We describe a patient with Pseudallescheria boydii keratitis. The treatment of mycotic keratitis remains difficult. This case demonstrates that identification and susceptibility testing should be rapidly performed. In cases of indolent keratitis, the possibility of fungal infection should be kept in mind. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2006;43:114-115.
Advancing Gerontological Nursing Science in Climate Change
Authors: McDermott-Levy Ruth , Fick Donna M.
Published: January 2020

Older adults have unique health risks related to climate change. This commentary addresses the health impacts of climate change for older adults, identifies gaps in gerontological nursing research, and highlights areas for research to address the significant gap in nursing science. Climate risks of extreme weather events, such as heat, rain, flooding, and wildfires, as well as poor air quality, vector-borne diseases, interruptions of services, and treatment plans all place older adults at risk of experiencing greater morbidity and early mortality. Despite these risks, there is a gap in nursing research related to climate change and aging. Nurse scientists can address this gap with an interdisciplinary approach. There are climate resources and theoretical frameworks to support scientific inquiry. Funding sources must be made available to assure rigorous scholarship of climate-related health impacts for older adults. Gerontological nurse researchers must build capacity to address climate change and health. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13
(1), 6–12.]
Prediction of Average Speed Based on Relationships Between Neighbouring Roads Using K-NN and Neural Network
Authors: Priambodo Bagus , Ahmad Azlina , Abdul Kadir Rabiah
Published: January 2020

For decades, various algorithms to predict traffic flow have been developed to address traffic congestion. Traffic congestion or traffic jam occurs as a ripple effect from a road congestion in the neighbouring area. Previous research shows that there is a spatial correlation between traffic flow in neighbouring roads. Similar traffic pattern is observed between roads in a neighbouring area with respect to day and time. Currently, time series models and neural network models are widely applied to predict traffic flow and traffic congestion based on historical data. However, studies on relationships between road segments in a neighbouring area are still limited. It is important to investigate these relationships because they can assist drivers in avoiding roads which are impacted by road congestion. Also, the result can be used to improve the accuracy of prediction of traffic flow. Hence, this study investigates relationships of roads in a neighbouring area based on similarity of traffic condition. Traffic condition is influenced by number of vehicles and average speed of vehicles. In our study, clustering method is used to divide the speed of traffic into four (4) categories: very congested, congested, clear and very clear. We used k-means clustering method to cluster condition of traffic flow on road segments.  Then, we applied the k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) method to classify the traffic condition in neighbouring roads. From the classification of traffic condition in neighbouring roads, we then determine the relationship between road segments. We presented the road with highest relationship on the map and used it as input factor to predict traffic speed of the road using neural network. Results show that combination of k-means and k-NN method produced better results than using both, correlation method and using the k-means method only.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Antimicrobial Resistance and Usage Among Medical Students in A Malaysian Medical University
Authors: Jaiprakash Heethal , Patil Ameeta , Kale Sunil , Shidhaye Pallavi R
Published: January 2020

Abstract—Drug resistance is a fast mounting crisis. Many factors, like the inappropriate use of antimicrobials by prescribing physician, unregulated sale of drugs and self-medication, have been attributed to the increase in the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Health care professionals are a significant determinant in this regard their in-depth knowledge is essential for rationale antimicrobial usage. The objective of this study is to analyze the knowledge, attitude, and practice of antimicrobial usage and resistance among different years of medical students. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study that was conducted among yr. 1 to yr.5 students. A validated Questionnaire was obtained. The questionnaire assesses the students on their attitude, practice, and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and usage. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 543 students participated in the study. Antimicrobial resistance was recognized as an essential and serious public health issue in today’s era by 92.16% Year 5 respondents, which was highest among all the years (Year 1-5).  The awareness regarding the etiology of cold and flu was observed to be the highest among Year 4 respondents (65.74%).  Only 2.8% of the total respondents strongly agreed that skipping one or two doses of antimicrobials does not lead to the development of resistance. 49.02% of the year five respondents always consulted a physician before starting an antimicrobial, indicating a good practice. However, when it came to checking the expiry date of antimicrobials before taking it, the Year 1 respondents (53.95%) were more particular. The study revealed that some aspects of knowledge regarding antimicrobial resistance and usage were found to be significantly higher among the respondents in the clinical years. The said knowledge was well-reflected in some, but not all of the facets of the respondent’s attitude and practice.
Awareness and utilization of cervical cancer screening services among primary health care providers in Zaria
Authors: Yahya Anisah , Ismail Zubair Hadi , Bawa Umma Suleiman
Published: January 2020

Cervical cancer screening services have led to a significant decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer in countries were such services are implemented as population-based services. Cervical cancer still remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Eastern Asia. This study explored the awareness, utilization and provision of cervical screening services among Primary Health Care providers in Zaria, Nigeria. A qualitative study was conducted among Primary Health Care providers in Zaria Local Government Area Kaduna State Nigeria. Five Primary Health Care centres were purposively selected for the study. Data was collected using Focus Group discussion method. The data from the discussion sessions were recorded on tape and transcribed verbatim to capture the exact messages. The transcripts were then analysed into themes. Majority of the participants were within 30-39-year age range, 75% were females, 64.3% were Community Health Extension Workers’ and 42.9% had >10 years working experience. The major themes were awareness of cervical cancer, awareness of cervical cancer screening methods, knowledge about cervical cancer screening methods and utilization. Many participants were not well informed about cervical cancer screening methods. Uptake among female participants was also low. In light of these findings, there is a need to train the health personnel in Primary Health Care centres on cervical cancer screening so that they can adequately educate women on cervical cancer screening.
Multi-drug resistance in early and late onset neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Sa’adu Lateefat O. , Obasa Tope O. , Saka Aishat O. , Saka Mohammed J. , Nwabuisi Charles
Published: January 2020

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic signs of infection, and accompanied by bacteremia in the first month of life and is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal deaths, each year in developing countries. This study investigated multi-drug resistant organisms associated with early and late onset neonatal sepsis in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH). It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. One hundred and sixty-two blood samples from neonates admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit of UITH with clinical diagnosis of sepsis were obtained. One milliliter of blood was taken per neonate and cultured aerobically in brain heart infusion broth and sub cultured onto blood and MacConkey agar plates. Identification of the isolates was carried out by colonial morphology, Gram stain microscopy and several biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method, screening for methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) was done by the cefoxiin- based methods and double disc synergy test respectively. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft excel version 2007 and Epi-info version 2012. Sepsis was confirmed bacteriologically in 22.2% of the samples. The prevalence of multidrug resistant isolate was 29.0%. The prevalence of MRSA was found to be 37% while that of ESBL producing Enterobacteria was 44.4% with ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli prevalence of 50% and 25% respectively. This study shows a high prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli causing neonatal sepsis in UITH Ilorin.
Angola
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: January 2020

The economic outlook has deteriorated since the First Review. Real GDP is
expected to contract in 2019, driven by lower-than-expected oil production. Disinflation
is expected to halt, inter alia because of increases in regulated prices. Beyond 2019,
lower oil prices and slower recovery in oil production are expected to weigh on oil
exports and put pressure on the external current account and international reserves.
While the rapid depreciation of the exchange rate has led to a sizable increase in the
debt-to-GDP ratio, the ongoing fiscal retrenchment will help shield public expenditure
from oil-price volatility and reverse the public debt trend.
Ecuador
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: January 2020

A 36-month Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangement with access of SDR 3.035 billion (435 percent of quota or about US$4.189 billion) was approved on March 11, 2019. The first review was concluded on June 28, 2019. At the beginning of October, an economic reform package was announced, including the immediate liberalization of prices for gasoline and diesel. Following protracted protests and social unrest, the authorities retracted the decree mandating the removal of fuel subsidies. The government continues to negotiate a revised fuel subsidy decree with a broad representation of civil society and hopes to reach an agreement in the foreseeable future. Completing the upgrade of the social safety net, recently initiated by the government, remains a priority and a prerequisite for a successful fuel subsidy reform. On November 17, 70 out of 133 legislators voted to reject an urgent package of economic laws, including key reforms under the program: a tax code, central bank code, and organic budget code. The government submitted a revised version of the tax code to the National Assembly as an urgent economic reform; this version was approved with minor modifications on December 9. The government also intends to submit revised drafts of the central bank and organic budget codes separately in the coming months, after internalizing feedback from lawmakers. Economic growth has slowed as projected in 2019, and in 2020, a less contractionary fiscal stance and higher oil production than previously expected should help mitigate the potential negative impact of political uncertainty and provide a fillip to the economy.
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: January 2020

Afghanistan is a fragile, aid-dependent country where insecurity combined with episodes of political uncertainty and adverse weather events have kept real GDP growth below 3 percent in recent years. In early September, U.S.-Taliban talks on a U.S. troop withdrawal as a basis for peace negotiations were suspended, with uncertainty as to the timing of their resumption. Presidential elections were held at end-September, but results have yet to be announced. The international community continues to support Afghanistan with civilian and military assistance and is pressing for intra-Afghan peace talks and an immediate reduction in violence. The authorities have expressed an interest in a new financial arrangement to support reforms.
G. De Viveiros, Margot Irvine et Karin Schwerdtner (éds.) Risques et regrets. Les dangers de l’épistolaire (2015)
Authors: Leveau Fanny
Published: January 2020

Cet ouvrage, fruit d’une collaboration entre trois professeures exerçant leurs recherches dans des universités Ontariennes, s’interroge sur les risques engendrés par la correspondance épistolaire.
Myxosarcoma Associated with the Kidney in a Cat: Case Report
Authors: Madere Brittany Champagne , Dedeaux Andrea , Negrao Watanabe Tatiane Terumi , Wakamatsu Nobuko , Gaschen Lorrie , Bennett Roger , Lara Dorian , Boudreaux Bonnie
Published: January 2020

A 12 yr old spayed female domestic shorthair with a history of lethargy, anorexia, and a pendulous abdomen was referred after a cranial abdominal mass was palpated on physical examination. Thoracic radiographs and an abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass associated with the kidney and moderate hemoperitoneum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed abdominal hemorrhage originating from a right renal mass that was adhered to the caudal vena cava. Following a right nephrectomy, histopathology diagnosed the mass as a perirenal/renal myxosarcoma. Based upon thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound, the patient remains disease free at 14 mo postoperatively.
Primary Hemangiosarcoma of the Falciform Fat in Seven Dogs (2007–2015)
Authors: Mendez Susan Esther , Sykes Crumplar Sarah E. , Durham Amy C.
Published: January 2020

Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), a malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial or bone marrow progenitor cell origin, most often affects the spleen, heart, and liver and typically has an aggressive biologic behavior. Canine HSA arising from the falciform fat/ligament represents a rare anatomic variant, with only two reports in the veterinary literature. In this study, we describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of seven dogs with primary HSA of the falciform ligament. Histologic grade and mitotic score were not significantly associated with outcome. All dogs had the primary tumor surgically excised except for one diagnosed at necropsy. Median overall survival for all dogs diagnosed prior to necropsy was 339 days, and the 1 yr survival rate was 50%. Four dogs were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and had a significantly longer median overall survival (394 versus 83 days) than those that did not (P = .018). Dogs with HSA of the falciform ligament may have improved 1 yr survival rates and longer median survival time compared with dogs with HSA in more common visceral locations.
Outcome and Metastatic Behavior of Canine Sinonasal Osteosarcoma (2005–2015)
Authors: Galloway Annie , Lana Susan , Thamm Doug , Boss Keara
Published: January 2020

Sinonasal neoplasms in dogs behave locally aggressively, and metastatic disease has not been a common cause of death. The metastatic rate of sinonasal osteosarcoma (OSA) is not well characterized, and reported outcomes of these patients are variable. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome and metastatic behavior of canine sinonasal OSA. Medical records of canine patients diagnosed with sinonasal OSA via histopathology between January 2005 and December 2015 were reviewed. Patients with any form of treatment or no treatment were included. Time to local progression, time to metastasis, and overall survival data were evaluated. Variables that may impact outcome, such as tumor stage and treatment type, were evaluated. Twenty-seven dogs were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. Overall, 30.0% of dogs developed metastasis over the disease course, with a median time to metastasis of 458 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 318–758 days). The median time to local progression was 335 days (95% CI 264–544 days). The overall median survival time was 410 days (95% CI 341–627 days). Regarding metastasis, sinonasal OSA behaves similarly to sinonasal neoplasms of other histologies and dissimilarly to appendicular OSA. The outcome of treated patients appears similar to that of sinonasal tumor patients with other histologies.
A post-occupancy evaluation study of a mixed-income gated community in Cibubur, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Olivia Maria , Adianto Joko , Gabe Rossa Turpuk
Published: January 2020

Gated communities (GCs) have been demonized as a malicious form of urban segregation because they provide a secure neighbourhood and exclusive facilities. The objective of the Indonesian government policy related to balanced housing is to create mixed-income housing in order to foster interaction between social classes in neighbourhoods and reduce the alarming social gap. This study seeks to validate the occurrence of social interaction among different economic strata in a mixed-income GC. To understand social interaction among its residents, the reasons why residents from different economic strata selected their housing are examined. The research methodology includes a post-occupancy evaluation in a mixed-income GC in Cibubur, West Java, Indonesia, an area known for its high quality neighbourhoods and facilities. This study identifies security as a major housing preference factor for many people living in a mixed-income GC. However, the reduced exclusivity of such facilities decreases their usage frequency, giving rise to trans-cluster social interaction within the same class. This finding contradicts the objective of the balanced housing policy because the residents interact with others in a similar social class beyond the segregated walls of the housing clusters.
From Sacrifice to Gift: Aesthetic and Moral Aspects of the Experience of Awe for the Natural Environment
Authors: Untea Ionut
Published: January 2020

Writing about the ethics and aesthetics of the natural environment, authors like Berleant, Plumwood, Becker, Gschwandtner, Brady, and Scruton share a number of insights with historians of religions (Mauss, Otto, Eliade) over the connection between humanity and nature. These insights are the attention given to human awe in the face of majestic landscapes, a distinctive agency operating through nature’s intentionalities, the sacred character given to this agency of nature, and a feeling of guilt for human destiny diverging from nature’s path or for trespassing the limits humanly imposed that separate the space of artificial human dwelling from natural environment. I argue that reflecting on the awe of the archaic human mind, in the form of both tremendous fear and positive fascination for the mystery of nature, has potential for a contemporary aesthetic and ethical perspective of a symbiotic approach regarding nature’s fate in the context of a human technological destiny.
Intersecting Compositional and Transactional Theory: How Art Can Help Define Reader Response
Authors: Schoonover Nina R.
Published: January 2020

This paper attempts to explain transactional reader-response theory and its critiques using metaphor and composition to capture some of the vast and complex processes occurring in readers’ minds. The belief is that our understanding of literature is shaped through image and form, thus the need to pull from compositional theory to explain the mental processes of transactional theory. For this paper, four separate compositions were created to reflect an individual interpretation of efferent, expressive, aesthetic, and critical responses to literature, responses outlined by Rosenblatt and her critics. This paper aims to provide teachers and scholars with an overview of how artistic representation can help explain the dynamic process of reader response and encourage teachers to recognize these complexities occurring in their students’ minds.
Farm household income inequality in Slovenia
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Fertő Imre
Published: January 2020

Aim of study: To investigate the structure and evolution of farm household income and examine the contribution of different sources of farm household income, particularly the impact of Common Agricultural Policy reform on farm household income inequality in Slovenia.Area of study: Slovenia, one of the European Union member states.Material and methods: A panel data set was compiled using Slovenian Farm Accountancy Data Network data at farm level for the period 2007-2013. Total farm household income was disaggregated into two different components: 1) income components, which can contain market income and off-farm income, and 2) subsidy components, which can contain subsidies from Pillars 1 and 2. Pillar 2 support included subsidies related to agri-environmental measures, less favoured areas and other rural development measures. The income distribution and decomposition were examined using the Gini decomposition method to determine the contribution of each income source and the policy shift from market to government support on farm household income and overall inequality.Main results: A shift in Common Agricultural Policy and related measures determined the structure and evolution of farm household incomes. Off-farm income had a lesser and rather stable impact on farm household income inequality, while the major change involved an increase in the importance of subsidies from Pillar 2 which is consistent with a policy of targeting farms in less favoured areas. Subsidies from Pillar 1 reduced, while market income increased farm household income inequality.Research highlights: Subsidies in farm incomes increased. They could reduce farm household income inequality.
Survey of Canadian urology programs: Which aspects of the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) application are the most important?
Authors: Nguyen David-Dan , Lee Jason Y. , Domes Trustin , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Andonian Sero , Franc-Guimond Julie , Letendre Julien , Perrotte Paul , Bhojani Naeem
Published: January 2020

Introduction: For medical students, determining which aspects of the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) application are the most important when applying to residency programs can be challenging. Due to the lack of current and reliable information on the selection criteria of Canadian urology residency programs, we surveyed each program about which criteria are the most important when selecting future residents in order to provide medical students with more transparency and programs with a better idea of how their criteria compare to those of others.

Methods: An electronic survey was sent to all 13 Canadian urology residency programs (both program directors and selection committee members). It asked respondents to rate each aspect of the application on a five-point Likert scale. Following a 100% response rate from program directors, the same survey was sent to selection committee members. A numeric mean score was calculated for each individual aspect surveyed to create an overall rank list of the components. Independent samples t-tests (two groups) were used to compare the scores of program directors vs. program committee members and of francophone programs vs. anglophone programs.

Results: Forty-three urologists involved in the application process answered. The three most important aspects were rotation performance at the respondent's institution (4.95±0.21), quality of reference letters from a urologist (4.60±0.62), and interview performance (4.49±0.63). There were no statistically significant differences between program directors and committee members for mean score of any aspect surveyed. Comparatively to anglophone programs, francophone programs gave statistically more significant importance to French proficiency (p<0.001) and pre-clinical academic performance (p=0.0272), while giving less importance to English proficiency (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Canadian urology residency programs are similar by ranking “clinical performance during a rotation at their school” as the most important selection criteria when choosing a future urology trainee. Graduate degrees, career plans, and reference letters from non-urologists have less impact when choosing future urology residents. Francophone schools and anglophone schools differ in the importance of language proficiency and pre-clinical grades as selection criteria for urology residency. This study will provide future urology applicants with more information and transparency when applying to urology programs in Canada and be of use to urology residency programs that must now publish their selection criteria.
Relationship Between Capital Structure and Stock Returns of Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors: Al-Manaseer Sufian Radwan
Published: January 2020

This study aims to analyze the relationship between capital structure and stock returns of Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. The study sample is composed of 13 commercial banks in Jordan. The e-views program is used to conduct the statistical analysis of study variables. Initially, a simple linear regression analysis is conducted to determine the impact of capital structure as measured by financial leverage on stock returns and vice versa. Then, several control variables are added: growth in assets, liquidity, firm size, and profitability. This study has found that growth, capital structure, and profitability have a positive impact on stock returns. By contrast, liquidity and firm size have a negative impact on stock returns. Stock returns and firm size have a positive impact on capital structure, whereas liquidity, growth, and profitability have a negative impact on capital structure.
Economic Activities Under Uncertainty: The Difference Between Speculation, Investment and Gambling
Authors: Max Raphael , Kriebitz Alexander , Luetge Christoph
Published: January 2020

In the ethical discourse about financial markets, the terms “investment”, “speculation” and “gambling” often seem confusing and lack a clear distinction. The inconsistent use of this terminology has concrete consequences for the public perception. We attempt to establish a concept which draws a clear line between these activities and can serve as a baseline for discourse about how to assess investment, speculation and gambling on a normative level. We analyze existing literature and develop a conceptual framework to provide an overview of the differences between investment, speculation and gambling. We conclude that gambling differs structurally from investment and speculation in terms of the classic distinction between risk and uncertainty and the separation between consuming and non-consuming activities. Moreover, we arrive at the conclusion that investment and speculation share too many similarities to be separated in a consistent way.