bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regional deposited dose in the human respiratory tract using different particulate metrics
Authors: Chalvatzaki Eleftheria , Chatoutsidou Sofia Eirini , Lazaridis Mihalis
Published: July 2022

The objective of the current study was to calculate the deposited dose rate in the human respiratory tract arising from particle number (PN) and particle mass (PM) measurements. A main objective was the investigation of deposition pattern and characteristics of the two metrics in the human respiratory tract. The dose rate was estimated for residents at a suburban background location (Chania, Greece). The total dose rate showed two peaks, one in the morning (1.6 × 109 particles/h at 7:00-8:00) and the other one at night (2.1 × 109 particles/h at 21:00-22:00), during the warm period, while the cold period showed two peaks, morning (2.0 × 109 particles/h at 9:00-10:00) and afternoon (3.6 × 109 particles/h at 18:00-19:00). The peaks during the warm period were associated with traffic emissions, whereas the peaks during the cold period were associated with both heating and traffic emissions. A higher dose rate of PN10 was found in the alveolar region while for PM10 it was found in the extrathoracic region. These findings are linked with increased contribution of ultrafine and coarse particles to PN10 (65%-78% and 54%-62% for cold and warm periods, respectively) and PM10 (63% and 55% for cold and warm periods, respectively) concentrations, respectively. The current study showed the importance to use both number and mass aerosol metrics for determining the human exposure and regional dose and their related health effects. The novelty of the current study is the simultaneous measurements of the two particles metrics and the full particle size distributions to make accurate estimates of regional deposited dose.
Education and Practice of Complementary Foods Among Mom's Groups on The Kemuning District Banjarbaru Selatan
Authors: Setyaningrum Ratna , Pujianti Nita , Nisa Mufatihatul Aziza , Paramita Ni Putu Dyan , Yulia I Dewa Ayu
Published: July 2022

Stunting is one of the nutrition problems in the world. Nutrition improvement since the womb until the provision of complementary food is needed to solve this problem. Appropriate knowledge and skills in processing complementary foods can be a success factor of good nutritional parenting. This activity aims to provide knowledge and skills about complementary foods among mothers in Kemuning Village. The activity includes preparation, implementation and reporting. The preparation begins with permission and coordination. The implementation involved facilitator namely Lactation Counselors from Association of Indonesian Breastfeeding Mothers (AIMI) in South Kalimantan. Reporting includes activity reports and publications. The activity was held at Posyandu in Kemuning Village attended by 16 participants (mothers who have babies and toddlers) and two representatives from PKB Kemuning and the Head of TP-PKK Kemuning Village. The results through pre and post-test show that the average pretest score of participants is 67.9 and the average posttest score of participants is 77.3. It can be concluded that this activity is effective in increasing the knowledge of participants by 21%. Furthermore, it is necessary to evaluate the improvement of participants' skills.
Anti-quorum Sensing Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Aromatic Plants From Cyprus Flora
Authors: Panayi Tolis , Sarigiannis Yiannis , Mourelatou Elena , Hapeshi Evroula , Papaneophytou Christos
Published: July 2022

Quorum sensing (QS) is a form of intra- and inter-species communication system which is employed by bacteria to regulate their collective behavior in a cell population-dependent manner. QS has been implicated in the virulence of several pathogenic bacteria. This work aimed to investigate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) potential of ethanolic extracts of eight aromatic plants of Cyprus namely, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Lavendula spp., Calendula officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Sideritis cypria, and Aloysia citriodora. We initially assess the effects of the extracts on autoinducer 2 (AI-2) signaling activity, using Vibrio harveyi BB170 as a reported strain. We subsequently assess the effect of the ethanolic extracts on QS-related processes including biofilm formation and swarming and swimming motilities of Escherichia coli MG1655. Of the tested ethanolic extracts those of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Salvia officinalis were the most potent AI-2 signaling inhibitors while the extracts from the other plants exhibited low to moderate inhibitory activity. The three ethanolic extracts also inhibited the biofilm formation (>60%) of E. coli MG1655, as well as its swimming and swarming motility in a concentration-dependent manner. These extracts may consider true anti-QS inhibitors because they disrupt QS-related activities of E. coli MG1655 without affecting bacterial growth. The results suggest that plants from the unexplored flora of Cyprus could serve as a source to identify novel anti-QS inhibitors to treat infectious diseases caused by pathogens resistant to antibiotics
Predicting the Cross-Coordinated Immune Response Dynamics in Sars-Cov-2 Infection: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Grebennikov Dmitry , Karsonova Antonina , Loginova Marina , Casella Valentina , Meyerhans Andreas , Bocharov Gennady
Published: July 2022

A calibrated mathematical model of antiviral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is developed. The model considers the innate and antigen-specific responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently published data sets from human challenge studies with SARS-CoV-2 were used for parameter estimation. Understanding the regulation of multiple intertwined reaction components of the immune system is necessary for linking the clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 with the kinetics of immune responses. Consideration of multiple immune reaction components in a single calibrated mathematical model allowed us to address some fundamental issues related to pathogenesis of COVID-19, i.e. sensitivity of the peak viral load to parameters characterizing the specific response components, the kinetic coordination of the individual responses, and the factors favoring a prolonged viral persistence. The model provides a tool for predicting the infectivity of patients, i.e. the amount of virus which is transmitted via droplets from the person infected with SARS-CoV-2, depending on the time of infection. The thresholds in the relative unbalance between innate and adaptive response parameters which lead to a prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2 due to the loss of a kinetic response synchrony/coordination were identified.
PENINGKATAN INTERAKSI WEBSITE PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI PELATIHAN FITUR CALL TO ACTION
Authors: M Mutoharoh  , Dewi Muliyati  , Raffa Fitra Ramadannisa  , Vidya Kusumah Wardani
Published: July 2022

Data We are social menunjukkan penetrasi populasi dibandingkan dengan jumlah mobile phone yang terkoneksi sebesar 124% pada Januari 2020. Hal ini menunjukkan angka yang sangat besar. Kebutuhan dan akses internet bahkan melonjak lagi pada banyak device seperti laptop dan komputer sejak diberlakukannya pembelajaran secara daring. Guru sebagai pemegang peran penting dalam desain pembelajaran berlomba-lomba membuat bahan ajar digital demi memfasilitasi pembelajaran daring ini. Semua hal yang sifatnya digital dan daring menjadi bahan-bahan yang wajib dipelajari dan dikuasai secara cepat oleh guru. Salah satunya adalah membangun website pembelajaran. Banyak pelatihan mengenai website pembelajaran, namun masih sedikit pelatihan yang spesifik membahas fitur-fitur tambahan dan interaksi pada website tersebut, salah satunya adalah fitur call to action. Melihat permasalahan ini penulis merasa perlu untuk mengadakan pelatihan fitur call to action pada website untuk guru. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan keterampilan terkait desain website pembelajaran dan penguasaan fitur interaksi berupa call to action. Peserta pelatihan dapat mengimplementasikan fitur ini pada website pembelajaran masing-masing.
TRANSFERENCIAS INTERNACIONALES DE DATOS PERSONALES UE-EE.UU., TRAS LA STJUE “SCHREMS II”
Authors:   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ortega Giménez Alfonso , García Escobar Encarnación ,   Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Published: July 2022

El mundo de la tecnología digital se ha convertido en el ejemplo paradigmático de la globalización, encontrándonos con que, diariamente, se produce la transferencia de una enorme cantidad de datos personales protegidos, especialmente en el ámbito de las redes sociales. Esta nueva realidad, en constante evolución, tiene como consecuencia que datos personales protegidos de ciudadanos de la Unión Europea se transfieren a terceros países que no cuentan con la normativa de protección de datos de la Unión Europea, existiendo el riesgo de que los derechos de los ciudadanos queden sin protección. Sobre algunos de estos aspectos se pronuncia el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en su Sentencia de fecha 16 de julio de 2020, que resuelve sobre diversas cuestiones de gran relevancia en materia de protección de datos de carácter personal.
EL ACCESO A LA JUSTICIA COMO UN DERECHO HUMANO EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL ESTADO DE DERECHO
Authors: Batris de la Cruz Ana Ruth Citlaly , Pérez Baxin Oscar
Published: July 2022

El acceso a la justicia se ha convertido en un tema esencial para todas las personas ya sea en el ámbito nacional o internacional, tal es su importancia que ha sido reconocido como un derecho humano de primera necesidad. En la construcción de un Estado de derecho, se considera el acceso a la justicia como un principio básico. Para garantizar, proteger y respetar los derechos humanos se ha establecido que es necesario establecer un sistema que permita a todas las personas tener acceso a la justicia, evitando cualquier acto de discriminación que vulnere la dignidad humana, para dar sustento a este derecho humano se ha firmado y ratificados diversos tratados internacionales, asimismo se ha integrado en las normas mexicanas.
Coronabulos locales: tipología, temática, fuentes de difusión y desmentido de bulos locales en Alicante durante la covid-19
Authors: Rodríguez Ferrándiz Raúl , Sánchez-Olmos Cande , Hidalgo-Marí Tatiana
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación analiza tipos, temáticas, fuentes de difusión y desmentidos de los bulos locales, registrados en la provincia de Alicante entre febrero y noviembre de 2020. Se propone una metodología mixta que combina la detección y clasificación de los bulos locales y su interpretación cuantitativa con el análisis cualitativo. Los bulos fueron difundidos mediante mensajería instantánea y redes sociales y, puntualmente, por fuentes oficiales. Contrariamente a la idea de que los bulos locales son rumores sin fundamento, las conclusiones demuestran su consistencia y capacidad para extrapolar al ámbito local otros bulos, incluso suplantando fuentes fiables. Los desmentidos suelen ser competentes al producirse tempranamente, aunque a menudo por cauces distintos al original. No obstante, existe una limitación metodológica inherente a la identificación de bulos: no sabemos cuántos bulos quedan sin desmentir, algo que resalta la importancia de la implantación de sistemas de fact checking locales.
Mujeres en la gestión de los medios de comunicación públicos. El caso de la televisión valenciana À Punt Media
Authors: Izquierdo-Castillo Jessica
Published: July 2022

La presencia de las mujeres en el sector audiovisual ha aumentado en los últimos años, pero todavía se encuentran en minoría respecto los hombres, especialmente en puestos de liderazgo y gestión. Esta investigación aborda a través del caso de estudio español de À Punt Media, la proyección de la mujer en los medios de comunicación públicos. Se aplican técnicas de análisis de contenido documental combinadas con el estudio del organigrama, desde la perspectiva de ­­­género. El objetivo es estudiar la presencia de la mujer en los medios de comunicación públicos, entendiendo el trabajo por la igualdad como base garantizada de cualquier servicio público. Los resultados muestran avances en la búsqueda por la paridad, aunque perduran dinámicas enraizadas en estructuras no igualitarias.
“We Both Learned from Gustav, Edmund’s Prophet in Ruthenia”. Alexander Reformatsky and Roman Jakobson on Living Language and Inner Speech
Authors:   Institute of Social and Humanitarian Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University (MPGU), Shchedrina Tatiana G.
Published: July 2022

The article reflects on the philosophical origins of semiotic and structuralist ideas that developed in linguistics in the 1960s. and have not lost their signifi­cance for the development of modern humanitarian knowledge. Appeal to them is not just of historical and scientific significance. They bring us back to the sub­jects that are important for the actualization of Russian philosophical thought of the 20th century. A.A. Reformatsky and R.O. Jakobson were Shpet’s students and communicated with him in various philosophical and scientific communi­ties. The author traces how Shpet’s phenomenological and hermeneutical con­structions influenced Reformatsky’s phonological research and R. Jacobson’s communicative linguistic concept. Shpet’s influence on Jakobson has already been studied in the historical and philosophical literature, but this comparison is not enough to reveal the scientific potential of Shpet’s ideas in their entirety, since it does not allow us to evaluate the transformations that these ideas experi­enced after they migrate to the humanities in 1960 in USSR. An appeal to the conceptual constructions of Reformatsky opens up an opportunity for us to rein­terpret the role of Shpet’s ideas in the development of the science of language and trace their further return to philosophy. But the phrase “We both learned from Gustav…”, expressed by Reformatsky in a letter to Jakobson in 1975, to­day can be attributed not only to philologists and linguists but also to philo­sophers. The purpose of this article is to show the methodological potential of Shpet’s ideas, transferred by Jakobson and Reformatsky to linguistic grounds, for modern philosophical approaches to the phenomenon of language.
Aurelius Augustine and Aristotle’s Concept of Time
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fokin Alexey R.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the comparison of the doctrine of time in Aristotle and Aurelius Augustine. Given that Augustine had two basic complementary concepts of time: subjective-psychological and objective-physical, the author consistently examines four points in which Augustine’s doctrine on time resembles Aristotle’s doctrine: first, the concept of time as a number or measure of movement of things in relation to the preceding and the following; secondly, the fluidity of time and the elusiveness of its moments (i.e. “paradoxes of time”); third, the concept of time as an infinitely divisible continuum, in which the moment of “now” is the boundary of time and the unit of its measurement; fourthly, the role of human soul in the perception and measurement of time. The author demonstrates that, de­spite the widespread opinion about the predominance of Neoplatonic influence on the thought of Augustine, his doctrine of time in its basic principles goes back to Aristotle. At the end of the article, the main differences in views on the phe­nomenon of time in Augustine and Aristotle are indicated.
Problems of Civilizational Development in the Leading Countries of the Asian Region
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepanyants Marietta T.
Published: July 2022

The problem of civilizational development confronts any country every time in a crucial period of its history. A sharp turning point in the countries of the Asian region came in the middle of the 20th century, when the colonial system collapsed and the former colonies, as well as dependent countries gained political sovereignty. The main problem for them was to determine the further path of their development. As a result of the broad political discourse that accompanied the na­tional liberation movement of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century, every­one chose its own path: Iran chose Shah’s regime and accelerated modernization according to the Western model; India embarked on the path of building a demo­cratic, federal, secular republic with a mixed planned economy and a strong state sector; China proclaimed a people’s republic led by the Communist Party on the way to building a Chinese socialism; Japan constructed a parliamentary state (while preserving the traditional imperial monarchy), implementing the scientific and technological revolution and the active development of the capitalist model of the economy. Half a century later, there are radical changes in the previously taken political course of Iran, India and China, which is manifested in the ar­chaization of the political space. This is discussed in this article, the author of which considers the modern experience of civilizational development of the lead­ing Asian countries to be instructive and warning against the temptation to turn to the archaic when forming their own path of civilizational development.
Does the reproducibility crisis affect mathematics?
Authors:   Interregional Non-Governmental Organization “Russian Society for History and Philosophy of Science”, Bazhanov Valentin A.
Published: July 2022

Reproducibility crisis in science accepted by academia as acute issue (including the problem of funding). The goal of this article is to discuss how the phenomenon and the crisis of repro­ducibility is manifested in mathematics, and how it perceived by the mathematical commu­nity. We argue that traditional approaches to the analysis of the proof in mathematics presup­pose its visibility, the possibility of fundamental verification of all steps of the proof by competent members of the scientific community. The meaning of the mathematical proof seen in its aim to convince community members of the correctness as a whole, and validity of all its components. By presenting a proof, its author takes on the (moral) responsibility that the statement (theorem) she formulates is correct, and everyone can repeat the path that leads to its justification. The increasing complexity of mathematical proofs in the course of its his­torical development and, above all, the expansion of computers as important elements of the proof, leads in some cases to the loss of its visibility. Thus, the shift of the reception of the proof to indirect signs is rather evident (confidence in the correctness of algorithmic pro­cedures and provers). All this leads to the need to reconsider views on the degree of reliability of mathematical proofs and their assessment not as reliable, but only as plausible. This is the basis for characterizing the new era in the development of mathematics as “post-rigor­ous”, which raises serious problems related to comprehension and analysis of reproducibility in mathematics, and the status of proof in this era. These problems especially relevant in the context of expansion into the sphere of mathematical creativity of computer-based sim­ulation and computers as a tool of discourse.
“Philosophy as the Handmaid of Theology” in India: Šaňkara and the Initial Sūtras of Vedānta
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shokhin Vladimir Kirillovich
Published: July 2022

Can and may the notion of theology be implemented in the interreligious context, even where the very term theology is unavailable, and if so, to which extent? Given that we lack anything comparable to the concepts of θεολογία or kalām in India, the author of the article demonstrates that the very “theological practice” did take place in India, though not in the same format as, for example, in Neo-Platonism, i.e. as metaphysics. The author demonstrates how Šaňkara (7th–8th A.D.) presents the correlation between the sacred authority (the Vedas) and a rational discourse (logical inference) and concludes that while the founder of Advaita-Vedānta considers the Upanişads as the primary and most reliable source of knowledge of the Divinity, world and man, the rationality that does not contradict them should accomplish two services, elucidating and defending of what is transmitted by them (a translation from Sanskrit of Šaňkara’s comments on the three prolegomenic sūtras of Vedānta are attached to the article). The parallels with the theistic theologies culminate in Šaňkara’s statements that the acquisition of the highest good necessitates repudiation of false philosophical doctrines (those of the materialists, Buddhists, Sāňkhyas, etc.) and in his understanding of the Vedas as the words of the Divine Author (in the obvious contradiction to the view of the Mīmāňsākas for whom their authority is ‘underwritten’ by the absence of their author). The parallels with Christianity come to the end in the difference of understanding of the very “matter” of what is being revealed: while the basic Christian doctrines (beginning with the doctrine of Holy Trinity) can be characterized as surpassing the reason, what is revealed by the Upanişads are quite understandable verities of panentheistic worldview. The investigation undertaken in the article may very well set a prospect for dealing with theology as an intercultural reality.
Ancient Metaphysics and Christian Theology in the “Hymns on Trinity” of Marius Victorinus
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fokin Alexey Ruslanovich
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the reception of ancient metaphysics in the “Hymns of Trinity” of Marius Victorinus. In the first part, the author investigates a hypothetical time of writing and the literary, artistic, and compositional features of the hymns, which, in all likelihood, were written ca. 363, in the mature period of Victorinus’ literary activity, and represent a summary of his entire philosophical and theological system, which makes the hymns extremely important for understanding the evolution of his thought. In the second section of the article, the author analyzes the basic doctrinal issues where the links between ancient metaphysics and Christian theology are evident. First to be mentioned is the doctrine of the three Ones and three Beings, based on the dialectic of the One and many in Plato’s Parmenides and on the philosophical system of Plotinus. According to Victorinus, the first, or absolute, One, deprived of any multiplicity, corresponds to God the Father; the second One, born from the first One, is the One-Being, which corresponds to the Son-Logos; the third One, which is generated by the Logos, is the world as a whole, which includes all intelligible and material beings, forming a single “chain of being”. At the same time, it is noted that Victorinus also considers the third One and the “third Being” as the Holy Spirit, which is the “Power of the One”, binding all things together and making them one. Further, three metaphysical triads are considered: substance – form – cognition, being – life – intellect, and remaining – procession – reversion, by means of which Victorinus describes Christian Trinity. Finally, the author examines the doctrine of the Logos as the “Seed of Being” and the source of life for all beings, and of the Holy Spirit as the source of true knowledge and the way a human soul returns to God. It is pointed out that the concept of the Logos as the “Seed of Being” in Victorinus was influenced by the Stoic concept of pneuma as the seed of all things and a related doctrine of the “spermatic logoi”, as well as the Platonic concept of the world Soul. The return of souls to God as their prime cause is viewed as the result of a long process of their enlightenment and spiritualization, which is accomplished by the action of the Holy Spirit as the Wisdom of God and the “hidden Christ”. The first Russian translation of the first “Hymn on Trinity”, along with detailed historical and philosophical commentaries, is attached.
Project of ecological civilization for Russia (natural basis and Chinese experience)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Reznik Yuriy M.
Published: July 2022

The article begins with clarifying the concepts used by the author in the analysis of vari­ous civilizational concepts presented by the philosophers of the past and present (“idea”, “project”, “project idea”, “project reconstruction”, etc.). The author reconstructs these concepts in relation to Russia, including ideas emphasizing the importance of the spiritual organization of life (G.W.F. Hegel, A. Schweitzer, S. Huntington), sophism, unity and in­tegralism (N.F. Fedorov, V.S. Soloviev and P.A. Sorokin), all-humanity (N.Y. Danilevsky, N.S. Trubetskoy, A.V. Smirnov). None of the proposed concepts can be fully applied in the justification of the civilizational project of Russia. However, some ideas could form the basis of this project (spirituality and transcendence, orientation to life and common cause, sophistry and unity, ideocratic character and all-humanity). Russia can embark on the path of becoming an ecological-type civilization. But in order to overcome Western centrism, it is important for her to take into account the Chinese ex­perience in building an ecological civilization that is traditionally focused on the Great Harmony of the world. The environmental crisis in China has prompted the country’s po­litical leadership to make informed strategic decisions, including measures to create eco-nature reserves, a roadmap for nature protection and a program for environmental educa­tion of citizens and, first of all, young people. But the main thing in this strategy is the implementation of a model of ecological modernization, which will lead to the for­mation of a “green” economy, corresponding to the logic of the culture of China itself. All this to a certain extent can be used in the civilizational development of modern Russia and thereby contribute to its economic integration and cultural rapprochement with China. She, like the latter, needs to overcome the paradigm of “systemic exclusivity”, which allows domination over nature and progressive aspirations in relation to the entire environment, as well as to defend her ecological sovereignty. The ecological paradigm makes it possible to integrate different concepts of the civiliza­tional development of Russia. It proceeds from the principle of permissibility as the max­imum possible intervention in the natural processes of the socio-natural environment, and also takes into account the factors of place, human proportionality, environmental friendliness, social solidarity, self-limitation of needs and moderate consumption, mobile intellectual environment, etc. In addition, the civilizational project should have an ethical and ecological justification, taking into account the ideological heritage of Russian phi­losophy and compliance with the criteria of reverence for life, moral harmony, profes­sional selection of environmental subjects.
Civilization as a topic of Russian politico-civilizational discourse in the 21st century
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Myurberg Irina I.
Published: July 2022

Comparative-historical, hermeneutic and critical-analytical methods are used in the arti­cle. Periods of theoretical and methodological growth in Russian project of civilizational development are traced. “Zero years” were marked by persistence of “classics” in civi­lizational research and the rise of conflict between universalist and multicivilizational paradigms. The cross-cutting topic was about their meaningful comparison, respectively, with the classical and non-classical periods of West-European philosophy. Speaking polit­ically, it was about globalism and anti-globalism. The second cross-cutting theme dealt with multicivilisationary paradigm as a challenge to universalism. Its strategies took shape along with Russia’s growing authenticity in politico-civilizational affairs. The next cross-cutting topic was about discrepancies in rethinking theory and methods. It is argued that the call for the rejection of ontological approach in favor of discursive one is baseless in its naive trust in the principle of constructivism as a source of clear and reliable knowl­edge about the “engineered” objects. Drawing from academician Lectorsky’s idea of “constructive realism”, it is proved that: 1) “designed” social objects are equal in com­plexity and unpredictability to objects of the natural world; 2) moreover, being “purged from ontology”, epistemological constructivism as such cannot bring new knowledge. This conclusion is indirectly confirmed by the project participants, whose publications combine a realistic approach with non-classical ways of studying civilizations. In conclu­sion, political philosopher B.G. Kapustin is cited. Kapustin identifies “big” and “small” politics as two faces of political activity: the one is about creative activity; the other – about political “routine” excluding encounter with novelty.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chicken Carcasses in Zambia
Authors: Muonga Elizabeth Muligisa , Mainda Geoffrey , Mukuma Mercy , Kwenda Geoffrey , Hang'ombe Bernard , Bumbangi Flavien , Phiri Nelson , Mwansa Mwaba , Munyeme Musso , Muma John Bwalya
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries such as Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella isolated from raw retail broiler chicken carcasses purchased from open and supermarkets in Zambia.ResultsA total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates were done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux ® ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 10 antibiotics. Multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of three target genes encoding for resistance: tet A, Sul 1 and bla CTX-M . WHONET 2018 software was used to analyse AST results. The E. coli isolates were mostly resistant to tetracycline (79.4%), ampicillin (51.9%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (49.7%). Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Forty- seven (45.2%) of the 104 isolates that were screened for the presence of the resistant genes possessed at least one of the targeted resistance genes.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on raw retail broiler chicken carcasses from open and supermarkets, which is of public health concern.
Expression of IL-1 family cytokines in patients before and after Cutaneous Leishmaniasis cure
Authors: Amorim Ester , Cavalcante Marton , Silva Ailton , Medeiros Vanessa Lucília Silveira , Brito Maria Edileuza Felinto , Rehn Vitorina Nerivânia Covello , Pereira Valéria Rêgo Alves , Brelaz-de-Castro Maria Carolina Accioly
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe production of IL-1 family cytokines serves as an important trigger for the activation of an effector immune response developed in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). An inflammatory exacerbation is also attributed to such cytokines, as well as the participation of regulation through Th2 responses, which need to be further clarified in the CL. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of IL-1 cytokines associated with different immune response profiles in patients before and after antimony therapy, induced by antigenic stimulation of L. braziliensis.MethodsGene (IL1A, IL1B, IL37, IL18 and IL1RN) and protein (IL-1α, β and 37) expressions were evaluated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with active and healed lesions, after undergoing the therapeutic regimen with Glucantime®. Cells were cultured and stimulated for 72h with total antigens obtained from L. braziliensis promastigotes. Relative data were normalized to healthy subjects.ResultsThe increase in transcripts of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α/β and IL-37, demonstrates the heterogeneity of immune responses in CL, as well as the involvement of regulation in the response to L. braziliensis. Even after healing, immune cells from patients continue to significantly produce inflammatory IL-1 cytokines in response to new stimuli, while exhibiting an interesting negative modulation of IL18 and IL1RN, which perhaps contributes to the resistance mechanisms that control Leishmania infection.
Spatio-temporal distribution of Pb2+ion concentration along the Lom River (Adamawa-Cameroon) from gold mining sites
Authors: Ayiwouo Mouhamed Ngounouno , Mambou Luc Leroy Ngueyep , Mba Félicité Obono , Metsebo Jules , Rajagopal Karthikeyan , Kingni Sifeu Takougang
Published: July 2022

This paper is devoted to the mathematical modelling and analyzing of the distribution of Pb2+ ion concentration along the Lom River (Adamawa-Cameroon) from the gold mining sites of Wakaso to Djouzami. The one-dimensional advection-dispersion-sorption equation is used to describe the transport of this ion. The Laplace transform technique is applied to obtain the analytical solution of transport equation. The numerical results are obtained by using the finite difference method in space and the algorithm of Runge-Kutta in time. The influence of the dispersion coefficient and flow velocity on the spatial distribution of the concentration of Pb2+ion is illustrated. The experimental results show that this surface water is neutral (pH 6.37–8.12) and has high concentrations in Total Suspended Solids (46–562 mg.L− 1). The concentrations of Pb2+ range from 0.1 to 0.97 mg.L− 1. The concentrations of Pb2+ exceed the limits of 0.01 mg.L− 1 set by the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. The results of analytical and numerical studies show that the spatial distribution of Pb2+ion concentration decreases along the section of the Lom River. These results are compared to the experimental data.
MedAtBed: Design and Development of the Medicine Dispenser
Authors: Kansal Sachin , Goel Vipul , Singh Daleep , . Arjun , Sharma Vibhav , Auddy Mayank
Published: July 2022

this prototype proposes the design and development of the Medicine Dispenser in a real-time scenario. MedatBed is a device that provides patients with medicines when they need them by alarming them and dispensing the required medicine. This paper also discusses the proposed architecture interfaced with the mobile-based app. It comprises all patient details, including the name of the patient, the disease they are suffering from, the name of the medicine which the patient has to consume, the number of pills to be consumed, and the time they have to consume the medicine.
Comparing water vapor transport during precipitation processes in the pre-flood period of South China and precipitation processes of typhoons in the post-flood period of South China: A case study
Authors: Ling Guorong
Published: July 2022

The typical precipitation processes in the pre-flood of South China and precipitation processes of typhoons in the post-flood period of South China have different water vapor transport characteristics. In this research, the water vapor transport characteristics of the representative precipitation cases in the two circumstances were compared using ERA5 reanalysis data and GPM IMERG Late Run precipitation product. The water vapor transport channel of the precipitation process of the typhoon was stronger and higher than that in the pre-flood period of South China, and the distribution of water vapor flux convergence was also higher. The maximum value of water vapor flux of pre-flood case was related to the wind speed and specific humidity both in the boundary layer (950 hPa). For the typhoon case, the maximum value of water vapor flux was related to the wind speed in the boundary layer, whereas it was related to the specific humidity in the middle and low layer (700 hPa). These distinctions can help us quickly find the probably locations and impact factors of the maximum values of water vapor flux during precipitation processes in the pre-flood of South China and precipitation processes of typhoons in the post-flood period of South China on different pressure surfaces to the greatest extent and predict the intensities of different water vapor transport channels.
Exploring the contribution of case study research to the evidence base for occupational therapy practice: a scoping review
Authors: McQuaid Leona , Thomson Katie , Bannigan Katrina
Published: July 2022

Background: Case study research is generating interest to evaluate complex interventions. However, it is not clear how this is being utilized by occupational therapists or how feasible it is to contribute to the evidence base. This scoping review explores the range and characteristics of case study research within occupational therapy and examines how it is defined, methodologies adopted and practice contexts in which it is applied. We consider the viability of case study research for contributing to our evidence base.Methods: Opinion, text and empirical studies within an occupational therapy practice context were included. A three-step extensive search following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was conducted in June 2020 and updated in July 2021 across ten databases, websites, peer reviewed and grey literature from 2016 onwards. Study selection was completed by two independent reviewers. A data extraction table was developed and piloted and data charted to align with research questions. Data extraction was completed by one reviewer and a 10% sample cross checked by another.Results: Eighty-eight studies were included in the review consisting of (n=84) empirical case study and (n=4) non-empirical papers. Case study research has been conducted globally, with a range of populations across different settings. The majority were conducted in a community setting (57%) with populations experiencing neurodevelopmental disorder (38%), stroke (17%) and non-diagnosis specific (15%). Methodologies adopted quantitative (50%), mixed methods (26%) and qualitative designs (24%). However, identifying the methodology and ‘case’ was a challenge due to methodological inconsistencies. Conclusions: Case study research is useful when large scale inquiry is not appropriate; for cases of complexity, early intervention efficacy, theory testing or when small participant numbers are available. It appears a viable methodology to contribute to the evidence base for occupation and health as it has been used to evaluate interventions across a breadth of occupational therapy practice contexts. Viability could be enhanced through consistent conduct and reporting to allow pooling of case data. A conceptual model and description of case study research in occupational therapy is proposed to support this. Scoping review registration: Open Science Framework 10.17605/OSF.IO/PCFJ6
A mental health-informed, online health promotion program targeting physical activity and healthy eating for adults aged 60+ years: study protocol for the MovingTogether randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mastrogiovanni Chiara , Rosenbaum Simon , Delbaere Kim , Tiedemann Anne , Teasdale Scott , McGavin Annaliese , Briggs Nancy , McKeon Grace
Published: July 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing regulations have led to an increased risk of social isolation and physical inactivity, particularly among older adults. The benefits of physical activity for reducing fall risk and improving mood and mental functioning have been well documented. The aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of the MovingTogether program on psychological distress (primary outcome) and physical activity, social capital, cognition, concern about falling, loneliness, physical functioning, quality of life and physical activity enjoyment (secondary outcomes).
Methods
A randomised controlled trial with a waitlist control will be conducted, recruiting 80 adults aged 60 + years with access to Facebook and a computer or tablet and not currently meeting the aerobic physical activity guidelines. Randomisation will be completed using REDCap. The intervention group (n = 40) will join a private Facebook group where allied health facilitators will provide targeted healthy lifestyle education throughout the 10-week program with weekly telehealth group calls. Intervention participants will also be provided access to tailored strength and aerobic exercise guidance and an evidence-based eHealth balance exercise program. Psychological distress and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 11 weeks (post intervention) and 16 weeks (one month follow-up). Linear mixed models will be applied for each outcome measure as per an intention-to-treat approach to determine between group differences. Secondary analyses are planned in people with greater adherence and those with higher psychological distress.
Discussion
COVID-19 has highlighted the need for a scalable, effective, and novel methods to improve and protect the health of older adults. The integration of an evidence-based falls prevention program with a mental health-informed online health promotion program may help to improve mental and physical health outcomes among older adults.
Trial registration:
ACTRN12621001322820p (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ANZCTR) on 29/09/2021.
In vitro shoot organogenesis in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) cv. Mosambi and the effect of ethylene adsorbents on micro-shoot quality
Authors: Prusty Reena , AWASTHI OM PRAKASH , Singh Sajnjay Kumar , Kumar Kanika
Published: July 2022

An improved organogenesis protocol for multiplication of sweet orange cv. Mosambi has been standardized by the use of different PGRs, basal media and ethylene adsorbents. Incorporation of both cytokinins, BAP (8.8µM) and kinetin (6.97µM) resulted in best shoot organogenesis with the highest response (81.40%), No. of micro-shoots/explant (2.06), mean micro-shoot length (1.30 cm) and No. of leaves/micro-shoot (3.55) owing to synergistic effect of these factors. However, the regenerated micro-shoots failed to establish due to 100% leaf abscission on micro-shoot. To retard the effect of ethylene accumulation on the regenerated micro-shoots, two types of ethylene adsorbents carrying silver ions, namely, AgNO3 and Ag2S2O3 and two gelling agents (agar-agar and Phytagel™) were tested at different concentrations. Addition of AgNO3 (5.88µM) to the medium containing Phytagel™ along with cytokinin (BAP 8.8µM and kinetin 6.97µM) led to significant reduction in shoot abscission rate (4.20), while 17.66µM AgNO3 supplementation improved No. of micro-shoots/explants (2.19) and micro-shoot length (3.36 cm) whereas Ag2S2O3 at 20µM enhanced the total chlorophyll content (3.47 mg g− 1 FW) three times as compared to control. Similarly, among the tested basal media, MS basal medium induced best response on shoot organogenesis. Rooting of micro-shoots was highest (81.12%) with the supplementation of NAA (5.37µM), which also affected No. of roots/explant (4.52) and mean root length (5.26 cm). The supplementation of ethylene adsorbents during in vitro micro-shoot multiplication significantly improved their quality, which provides ideal rooting for development of complete plantlets in sweet orange cv. Mosambi.
Defunctioning stoma in anterior resection for rectal cancer does not impact anastomotic leakage: a national population-based cohort study
Authors: Munshi Eihab , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Buchwald Pamela
Published: July 2022

Background: Anterior resection (AR) is considered the gold standard for curative cancer treatment in the middle and upper rectum. The goal of the sphincter-preserving procedure, such as AR, is vulnerable to anastomotic leak (AL) complications. Defunctioning stoma (DS) became the protective measure against AL. Often a defunctioning loop-ileostomy is used, which is associated with substantial morbidity. However, not much is known if the routine use of DS reduces the overall incidence of AL.Methods: Elective patients subjected to AR in 2007- 2009 and 2016-18 were recruited from the Swedish colorectal cancer registry (SCRCR). Patient characteristics, including DS status and occurrence of AL, were analyzed. In addition, independent risk factors for AL were investigated by multivariate regression.Results: The statistical increase of DS from 71.6% in 2007-2009 to 76.7% in 2016-2018 did not impact the incidence of AL (9.2% and 8.2%), respectively. DLI was constructed in more than 35% of high-located tumors ≥11cm from the anal verge. Multivariate analysis showed that male gender, ASA 3-4, BMI >30 kg/m2, and neoadjuvant radiation were independent risk factors for AL.Conclusion: The role of routine DS in decreasing overall AL after AR procedure was not evident. A selective decision algorithm for DS construction is needed to protect from AL and mitigate DS morbidities.
Effectiveness and safety of acupuncture to treat sleep difficulties in women on hormone replacement therapy for the treatment of breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mazzotti Eva , Jacoangeli Fabrizio , Sebastiani Claudia , Scoppola Alessandro , Cerruti Massimo , Castellucci Patrizia , Menichelli Franco , Marchetti Paolo
Published: July 2022

Sleep difficulties are commonly reported by cancer patients as consequences of cancer or its treatments. Aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture to treat sleep difficulties in breast cancer women on hormone replacement therapy. Methods: 58 breast cancer women were randomized to once weekly acupuncture session for 8 weeks (acupuncture group) or to a standard care session once a week, for 8 weeks (control group). The primary endpoint was change in sleep difficulties and insomnia, as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), administered at baseline and 8 weeks later. Results: Random assignment produced equivalent groups regarding demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. After 8 weeks, the changes in sleep quality and quantity were significantly different in the two groups. In the acupuncture group 43.33% go into complete remission (absence of insomnia), but none in the control group, and the mean ISI score decreased from 15.87 (standard deviation, SD= 3.95) to 9.80 (SD= 6.22), in the acupuncture group versus 17.46 to 15.39. No patient reported any problems or discomfort associated with acupuncture. Conclusion: A weekly session of acupuncture may have beneficial effects on quality and quantity of sleep among breast cancer women on hormone replacement therapy, after 8 weeks. The results could have important implications for Public Health to prioritize promotion of healthy sleep and acupuncture may be considered as alternative intervention in healthcare setting to ameliorate cancer patients’ sleep and quality of life.