bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particularism and the Modernization Process in Southern Italy
Authors: Mutti Antonio
Published: March 2007

The term `particularism' has a poor reputation in the classical theory of modernization. It refers to social closure as well as narrow and self-interested behaviour. Particularism is also associated with traditional societies and with pre-modern action. Its alter ego is `universalism', the quintessence of modernity. In this article it is claimed that a useful way of avoiding dichotomous thinking is to analyse the interactions between particularism and universalism during the modernization process. Only through this kind of analysis can we distinguish forms of particularism that contrast modernity and forms of particularism that either coexist with modernity or are able to provide a positive contribution to the modernization process. On this basis, the Italian `Southern Question' is analysed from a new perspective. This perspective aims at taking southern Italian political and cultural tradition seriously and looking at the possibilities of a transformation of such a tradition towards modernization. The problem can be defined as follows: how is it possible to extend social capital and to forge social trust in southern Italy starting from existing levels of sociocultural and political particularism?
Robust Utopias and Civil Repairs
Authors: Alexander Jeffrey C.
Published: March 2007

In the wake of Marxism, the decline of socialism and the debacle of state Communism, critical social theory must be saved from the narrow letter of the Frankfurt School, though not from its utopian spirit. Criticizing the totalizing packages of modernist utopias, this article tries to sustain the idea of utopia and its connection to critical social thought. It suggests that self-limiting, partial and plural utopias inform the social and cultural struggles of contemporary life. There has not been an end to utopian thought and action, but a movement away from socialism to movements of difference, movements against arms, movements for sexual citizenship, movements to create an ecologically harmonious society. In conclusion, the suggestion is made that what unites and underlies these movements is not a totalizing project, but the shared aim of producing a more civil society.
From Republic of Scholars to Jamboree of Academic Sociologists
Authors: Kaesler Dirk
Published: March 2007

In this article six crucial historical phases of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Soziologie (DGS) are sketched out: (1) 1909-19, the end of the German Kaiserreich, the foundation phase of the DGS; (2) 1919-33, the Weimar Republic, the phase of academic institutionalization of German sociology; (3) 1933-45, during which National Socialism dominated the German academic system; (4) 1946-68, the postwar period during which different academic systems were established in the two German states; (5) 1968-89, when sociology in West Germany had its greatest quantitative expansion, while in East Germany Soziologie was slowly re-emerging; (6) the period since reunification, with the expansion of a West German conception of sociology to East German universities.
RESTRUCTURING DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL PLURALISM
Authors: Oommen T. K.
Published: March 2007

An attempt to understand and analyse the relationship between technology and development must focus attention on human actions within the framework of societal priorities and social values. World history as well as present-day international development show the necessity of finding a viable praxis for what the author calls `Appropriate Technologies'. Ten precautions should be seriously observed: (1) to develop low-energy life-styles, one should take care to (2) avoid radical alternatives between developments old and new. There (3) is a need for a philosophy of life capable of decentralising development projects. This should (4) discard the false dichotomy between the urban and the rural, which only supported (5) the cults of affluence and destructive consumerism. Precaution (6) should sharpen the awareness of false conceptions of modernisation in favour of (7) indigenous forces, (8) native and (9) religious traditions. Thus development regains (10) its inner fortitude to partake in universal processes of humanisation.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SOCIO-POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF ISRAEL
Authors: Moore Dahlia
Published: March 2007

Economic processes are usually considered responsible for creating and maintaining inequality. This paper posits that socio-political ideology and societal norms interact with the existing economic processes to shape sex segregation and inequality. The paper focuses on the economic development of Israel together with concurrent normative and ideological shifts, and analyses their impact upon women's participation in the labour force, the structure of sex segregation and the failure of Israeli women to attain equality. The analysis shows that, although socialism's main premise is equality for all and capitalism offers equality for similarly endowed persons, the latter provides better opportunities to reduce gender inequality.
THE SOCIALIST SYSTEM AND ITS COLLAPSE IN HUNGARY: AN INTERPRETATION IN TERMS OF MODERNISATION THEORY
Authors: Andorka Rudolf
Published: March 2007

Modernisation theory is considered to be the best framework to interpret the socialist period and the collapse of the socialist system. Modernisation is defined here as a combination of five processes: 1. structural changes; 2. an improvement in living standards; 3. the development of a welfare system; 4. democratisation; 5. the development of modern values and norms. During the socialist period, structural changes usually went in the direction of modernisation in that living conditions were improved, albeit more slowly than in the market economies, while the welfare system was dysfunctional. The greatest obstacle to further modernisation was seen to be the absence of values and norms which provide the basis for the functioning of a modern economy and society. The cause of this value crisis was the initially totalitarian and later authoritarian character of the system. The failure of the modernisation process delegitimised the political system, and subsequent popular pressure to change the system was the main cause of its collapse. After the revolution, the political system was wholly democratised, but the former socialist countries are confronted with serious economic decline, which will hopefully be turned around in the coming years. A thoroughgoing reform of social policy is needed but not so easily implemented. The development of the `civic virtues', values and norms needed for an efficient market economy and the functioning of political democracy might take several decades.
THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ADVERTISING: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE ADVERTISING INDUSTRY IN EUROPE
Authors: Gallissot Laurent
Published: March 2007

Advertising dominates the cultural field in the West and the aesthetic universe of our time. But, contrary to the mainstream manipulation thesis, what characterises the dynamic of advertising activity is essentially the recognition of advertisements as cultural goods and the development of the advertising industry as a specific function in the system of cultural industries. Thus, an analysis of the modern advertising field should be drawn from a genuine sociology of differentiation processes and cultural classification. The main hypothesis, borrowed from Luhmann's theory of self-referential differentiation is one of an internal disjunction within the cultural system, the latter being taken as the environment of advertising activity. Three levels of analysis for a European comparative study are proposed: the organisational level (what is functionally linked to cultural industries in the mode of production of advertisements), the textual level (what is culturally significant in the place advertising discourse occupies in the public space) and the level of the principles of cultural classification (what kind of cultural logic is involved in the construction of advertising as a genre).
THE RISE AND FALL OF GOVERNMENTAL PATRONAGE OF ART: A SOCIOLOGIST'S CASE STUDY OF THE POLISH POSTER BETWEEN 1945 AND 1990
Authors: Zielinski Florian
Published: March 2007

In which ways is contemporary Polish culture as the culture of post-communist society changing? As a case study dealing with this question, the main topic of this article is the Polish poster which is seen as a field expressive of the institutions and mechanisms determining the character of Polish society and culture. The aim is to demonstrate the relationship between three major spheres of society - art, market and politics. The main objective of the era of so-called `real socialism' was complete state control over all forms of culture. The corresponding centralisation moved the poster outside the realm of supply-and-demand relations and politically controlled it through the mechanisms of orders, financing and censorship. The paradox of the poster culture in `real socialism' emerged with the poster's double liberation, i.e., a weakening of its dependence on business and advertising, and later on politics. In Poland the poster developed not as an instrument of advertising or propaganda, but as an art form, and it thus retained its character as an art product.

This article describes the changes in poster art with the economic and political demise of the communist system. Westernisation and the importing of advertisements, for instance, led to a switch from poster painting to photography, from the artist's personal expression to the product image. The roles of designer and producer of posters have thus been interchanged. How can the artistic poster survive in a market-orientated society? What type of new institutions and opportunities will emerge in this new situation? This change of roles can also be interpreted to point the way to a reeducation of society as a whole.
PROFESSIONAL MONEYLENDERS AND THE EMERGENCE OF CAPITALISM IN INDIA AND INDONESIA
Authors: Schrader Heiko
Published: March 2007

A widely held assumption is that contemporary financial landscapes and regional differences are to a large extent the outcome of historical processes. A recent hypothesis the author put forward was that professional moneylenders are a structural phenomenon of expanding merchant capitalism, and that once the market integration of particular regions has been achieved, professional moneylenders are eventually replaced by banks. Alongside such large-scale professional moneylenders there have always been and still are various small-scale and mostly semi-professional moneylenders. In the contemporary world they are found in great numbers in developing countries. They have been interpreted as structurally supporting capitalism because they provide marginalised people who are beyond the scope of banks with purchasing power for the commodity markets based upon credit.

In this paper the author compares large-scale professional moneylenders of precolonial/colonial India and colonial Indonesia. The analysis shows that particularly non-Western bankers emerged in India, while in Indonesia comparable financial agents seem to have existed only in limited numbers. What seems to speak against the above hypothesis can be interpreted as follows. While the structure of expanding merchant capitalism provides a framework in which such non-Western bankers may emerge, the particular world market integration of trade during the expansion period and colonial policy may develop different financial landscapes with regard to economic opportunities for private enterprise.
ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE POSTCOMMUNIST TRANSFORMATION OF LITHUANIA
Authors: Lakis Juozas
Published: March 2007

This paper studies the evolution of ethnic minorities and their relations with Lithuanian nationals. With the creation of independence, the situation of ethnic groups - like that of mixed-race groups - changed enormously. Russians, Byelorussians, Ukrainians and other families who had entered Lithuania principally when it was under Russian administration had to face the dilemmas of whether they should live in the new Byelorussian state or in Russia, what citizenship they should be applying for and how to rediscover their ethnic identity. Poles, Jews, Tartars, Germans and Karaims had all lived for centuries in Lithuania. Their roots could be retraced over several ages in the economy and culture of Lithuania. In spite of that, they still have many problems regarding their ethnic identity, culture and education. In the case of the indigenous Lithuanian population, the problem was one of forming a majority after previously functioning as a semi-minority.
Social Development at the Local Level and Developing Public Services
Authors: Manço Altay A.
Published: March 2007

This paper considers the evolution of the local politics of development services in relation to the goal to support a real integration of ethnic minorities with respect to their specific characteristics, needs and particular skills. The accent is placed on the importance of communication and integration of relevant institutions and on the necessity of overtaking purely economic or technocratic strategies, enhancing the process of negotiation between institutions and local communities. Some examples are given, particularly from Islamic areas in French-speaking countries. Information about a local project of integration of Turkish immigrants in Belgium is developed.
Environmental Planning, Economic Planning and Political Economy
Authors: Mulberg Jon
Published: March 2007

Environmental economics involve techniques for monetary valuations of environmental resources. But environmental problems raise fundamental questions of social, political and environmental organization. This article mirrors in economics the `cross-over' of Left and Right suggested by Giddens. Positive economics leads to notions of planning, not to laissez-faire and makes evident Habermas's view of the `scientization' of politics. Positive economics contains an implicit political theory of technocracy. Economics cannot conceive of social resources, and views environmental resources as externalities. It attempts to obtain money valuations for non-traded resources. Essentially, this is a planning supplement to markets and it is unclear how both markets and planning supplement can be justified simultaneously. Environmental questions are also ethical. We act as citizens in considering them. They are less suited to markets than to a public forum which requires justification in terms of the collective welfare and involves a process of dialogue between citizens.
Globalization, Post-Fordism and the Contemporary Context of Development
Authors: Kiely Ray
Published: March 2007

This article examines the claims that we are living in a new, global, post-Fordist era. The claims of both globalization and post-Fordism are examined, as well as some of the implications for development. Both theses are questioned, and in particular it is argued that in some respects the two arguments contradict rather than complement each other. An alternative approach is put forward, focusing on the contemporary context for development in the global economy, critically using the notion of global commodity chains. It is argued that we are currently witnessing a variety of strategies of capital accumulation in the world economy, and insofar as generalizations can be made, we have witnessed the end of the Third World as a homogeneous block. While some formerly peripheral countries are now a constituent part of the world economy, others are marginal to its needs. These countries are not so much exploited as simply left out.
When God Walks in History
Authors: Friedland Roger
Published: March 2007

Religious nationalism represents an institutional project to transform the ontology of the social, to redefine the substance of collective representation, the principle of domination and the criteria for membership. Religious nationalism transforms the territorial nation-state into a vehicle in and by which to extend the materiality of its culturally specific categories, codes, values and narratives. It thereby challenges social theories, like that of Bourdieu, that deculturalize power, as well as those, like Alexander, that culturalize it in an institutionally restrictive manner. Religious nationalism is not a retreat to the premodern, but an effort to bound and energize the elemental modern moments, that of the self and the national-state. Religious nationalism represents the return to text, to the fixity of signs, the renarrativization of the nation in a cosmic context. It returns us to bodies and souls, a zone to be defended against things on the one side and beasts on the other. It offers a way to secure morality against an increasingly post-humanist world. Its discourse of difference seeks to bound the nation. Religious nationalism restores the binaries of inside and outside, us and them, good and evil, man and woman and centers them in sacred space.
Chapter 8 Choice of Technology At the Sector Level
Authors: Maybury Robert
Published: March 2007

When carrying on sector work, it is important for sector analysts to recognize the social, economic and environmental influences of the technological strate gies they may propose. In order to do so they must give detailed attention to the following:
Replication of a Problem Behavior Model with American Indian, Hispanic, and Caucasian Youth
Authors: Barrera Manuel , Biglan Anthony , Ary Dennis , Li Fuzhong
Published: March 2007

The replicability of a model of family and peer influences on adolescent problem behavior was evaluated with samples of adolescent boys and girls from three ethnic groups: American Indians, Hispanics, and Caucasians. Participants were 1,450 seventh-grade students from 16 communities. The model included links between three aspects of family functioning (family conflict, positive family relations, and inadequate parental monitoring) and adolescents’ association with deviant peers. Those variables were hypothesized predictors of adolescents’ problem behavior (antisocial behavior, poor school performance, and frequency of substance use). The resulting cross-sectional model showed good consistency across the three ethnic groups for both genders, but some subgroup differences emerged in the magnitude of relations between monitoring and adolescents’ associations with deviant peers and between substance use and the problem behavior construct. With those qualifications, the model was applicable to Hispanic and Native American adolescents in the sample.
Identity Formation: Discovery or Creation?
Authors: Waterman Alan S.
Published: March 2007

The contrasting metaphors of discovery and creation are proposed here as alternative ways of understanding the nature of the task of identity formation. These two metaphors are related to the philosophies of eudaimonisn and existentialism, respectively. The processes of discovery and creation are shown to have distinctive theoretical implications regarding (a) the sources of identity elements, (b) the methods used in the evaluation of competing identity alternatives, and (c) the decision-making level on which a resolution of an identity crisis is most likely to be reached. Some practical implications of the two metaphors for counseling adolescents and others with identity concerns are also presented.
Individual Adjustment to School Transitions: An Exploration of the Role of Supportive Peer Relations
Authors: Fenzel L. Mickey , Blyth Dale A.
Published: March 2007

Previous research has shown that the transition into junior high school can be difficult for certain subgroups, particularly girls. Recent work has also examined the social support roles played by best friends during the transition and found that high quality friendships can ease the adjustment to the new environment. The present longitudinal study of 410 students in a middle class suburban school district looked at adjustment to junior high school as a function of the quantity, frequency of contact, and intimacy of same-sex and opposite-sex peer relationships at school and with peers attending other schools. Adjustment to the new school at seventh grade was defined in terms of changes from sixth grade in self-esteem, participation in school and nonschool activities, and perceived integration (or, conversely, anonymity) in the school environment. Overall, a significant decrease in the perception of being integrated into the school was found for both males and females but only small, nonsignificant changes in self-esteem and participation were evidenced. In order to test for relationships between school adjustment and social relations, only two extreme groups were examined, representing good adjusters (Gainers) and poor adjusters (Decliners). Results showed significant group-by-sex-of-subject interaction effects for self-esteem on most frequency and intimacy measures. In particular, males who had gained in self-esteem had more frequent peer contacts and were somewhat more intimate with peers than were males who declined. For females, however, results were in the opposite direction. Few consistent results were found for adjustment in terms of participation or perceived integration.
Peer Social Support and Adjustment of Early Adolescent Peer Groups
Authors: East Patricia L. , Hess Laura E. , Lerner Richard M.
Published: March 2007

This study examined whether early adolescents in four sociometric groups (peer-rejected, -neglected, -popular, and -controversial) vary in their perceptions of peer social support and in their behavioral, psychosocial, and scholastic adjustment. Subjects were 101 sixth-graders who participated in the Pennsylvania Early Adolescent Transitions Study. Sociometric groups were formed using results from a peer nomination questionnaire. Self-ratings were used to index subjects' perceptions of social support from peers, and teacher-, parent-, and self-ratings of subjects' scholastic, behavioral, and psychosocial functioning served as indices of adjustment. The results indicated that peer-rejected youngsters were most deficient in perceived peer social support and exhibited the highest rate of adjustment problems. The effect of peer status on the social support received from peers and the importance of peer support in early adolescence are discussed.
Television, Sex-Role Attitudes, and Sex-Role Behavior
Authors: Morgan Michael
Published: March 2007

Amount of television viewing, sex-role attitudes, and sex-role behavior were measured at two points in time in a sample of 287 adolescents. The sex-role measures concern respondents' attitudes about the sex-specific appropriateness of various household chores and their own self-reported tendency to perform those chores. The data show that television viewing makes an independent contribution to adolescents' sex-role attitudes over time, but that television is not related to their actual behavior. The relationship between viewing and attitudes, however, is mediated by behavior, but in different directions for boys and girls. Finally, there is a reciprocal relationship between amount of viewing and the degree of congruence between sex-role attitudes and behavior.
Girls' Perceptions of Peer Relationship Support and Stress
Authors: Frankel Karen Ann
Published: March 2007

This research asked two questions: (a) What is the nature of social milieu perceptions (i.e., social support and stress) for middle school girls? and (b) How do girls' perceptions relate to peer-rated sociometrics? Emotional support; problem-focused support, and behavioral support dimensions were identified using the Social Milieu Scales, as were the social stress domains of general stress, discord, hurt feelings, and embarrassment. Girls differentiated between support and stress provided by their best friend versus friends in general. Individual differences in perceived support and stress were reliably detected on the Social Milieu Scales and were meaningfully related to peer popularity. Popular and neglected girls reported less stress than controversial, rejected, or average girls. Popular girls did not report feeling more supported Supportiveness was positively related to the simple number of friend nominations that a girl received Reciprocity of best friendship was positively associated with increased feelings of intimate support.
Early-Adolescent Perceptions of Attachment to Mother and Father
Authors: Papini Dennis R. , Roggman Lori A. , Anderson Jeannie
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the emotional distancing and buffering hypotheses. The sample was composed of 231 seventh graders (133 females and 98 males). Each adolescent completed a battery of questionnaires yielding measures of perceived attachment to mother and father, pubertal status, family expressiveness and cohesion, and feelings of depression and social anxiety. The emotional-distancing hypothesis was supported in that perceived attachment to parents was found to diminish with advanced pubertal maturity. The buffering hypothesis was also supported in that adolescents who perceived greater attachment to parents reported less depression and social anxiety as well as more positive perceptions of family expressiveness and cohesion. However, pubertal maturity did not appear to moderate the buffering effects of attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the need to further explore socialization processes associated with the child's transition into early adolescence.
Coping and Locus of Control
Authors: Hoffman Michael A. , Levy-Shiff Rachel
Published: March 2007

To address the role of maternal coping and control beliefs in the development of coping and locus of control in their adolescent children, 68 yoked pairs of Israeli mothers and their male, seventh- and eighth-grade children completed questionnaires related to coping styles and locus of control. Regression analyses revealed a strong similarity between adolescents' coping profiles and those of their mothers in a manner relecting the hypothesized impact of modeling. As expected, locus of control was found to be associated with the active patterns of coping in mother and adolescent alike. However, little empirical support was found for the hypothesis of developmental similarities in locus of control Rather, the pattern of findings was consistent with an alternate interpretation involving the potential impact of maternal coping on the development of adolescent locus of control. Study findings are discussed in regard to models of cross-generational transmission.
Competitive and Cooperative Attitudes: A Longitudinal Survey of Japanese Adolescents
Authors: Shwalb David W. , Shwalb Barbara J. , Nakazawa Jun
Published: March 2007

This study concerned the meaning of cooperation and competition, and the orientations of Japanese students toward cooperative and competitive school activities. First, a sample of 102 teachers generated 871 items that described a wide variety of academic and nonacademic activities and pupil behaviors. Every student (Grades 7 through 12) at a secondary school complex then rated 24 of these competitive and cooperative items in terms of personal importance during three consecutive academic years (N = 720 in Year 1). Factor analyses of the ratings revealed one general cooperation factor and three competition factors: nonacademic, academic, and group centered. Scores on all four composite indexes varied according to students' grade level and/or cohort membership. Females had higher scores than males on the Cooperation composite index, but there was little gender variation on the three Competition indexes. These data show that the development of cooperativeness and competitiveness should be studied longitudinally, and in both academic and nonacademic contexts. The results are discussed in terms of societal values, the experiences of adolescents, and the implicit curricula of Japanese secondary schools.
Relations of Friendship Quality to Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence
Authors: Keefe Keunho , Berndt Thomas J.
Published: March 2007

The major goal of the study was to examine the relations of friendship quality to adolescent self-esteem over time. Seventh and eighth graders (n = 297) completed the same questionnaire in the fall and spring of a school year. Students whose friendships were supportive in the fall felt less satisfied with their own appearance during the year, when their friendships mostly were unstable. As expected, students who had many negative interactions with friends in the fall viewed their own conduct as less appropriate during the year Students who frequently interacted with friends in the fall, when all of their fall friendships were unstable, also became less satisfied with their own appearance over time. The results indicated that the quality and stability of adolescents' friendships not only are related to their self-esteem, but also are related to the changes over time in specific areas of self-esteem.
Delivering Graduate Marketing Education: An Analysis of Face-to-Face versus Distance Education
Authors: Ponzurick Thomas G. , France Karen Russo , Logar Cyril M.
Published: March 2007

Marketing education may be delivered through a number of different methods from face-to-face to distance education. This study analyzes MBA student perceptions and preferences with regard to face-to-face versus distance education methods for delivering a course in marketing management. The results indicate that consistent course structure can be developed across delivery formats but that some pedagogical adjustments may be required for the distance education format, particularly in the areas of class participation and course-related activities. The findings also show that students appear to select the distance education delivery method because of convenience, not quality, since distance education was found to be the least effective and least satisfying method of delivery for the students studied. The study concludes by discussing the implication of these results.
When Were the Good Old Days? Revisiting Perceptions of Marketing Students’ Prior Preparation
Authors: Remington Steve , Guidry Julie Anna , Budden Michael Craig , Tanner John R.
Published: March 2007

This study determines whether marketing professors’ perceptions of the preparedness of marketing majors have improved during the last decade. In 1985, Budden concluded that marketing professors perceived marketing majors as inadequately prepared to effectively pursue marketing curricula. This study reexamines those perceptions. The same questionnaire was administered to 600 marketing faculty members, and the results are very similar to the earlier study: communication and quantitative skills of marketing majors continue to be regarded as deficient by marketing faculty. Rankings by both groups of respondents of 10 high school subject areas in order of their importance to effectively prepare students for the marketing curriculum were also compared.
Integrating Business Technology and Marketing Education: Enhancing the Diffusion Process through Technology Champions
Authors: McCorkle Denny E. , Alexander Joe F. , Reardon James
Published: March 2007

Basic and discipline-specific technological competencies are needed by marketing and business school faculty, students, and their employers. Integration of basic technologies is common and easily accepted among younger students and readily supported, at least philosophically if not practically, by most business schools. Conversely, many marketing and business faculty face difficulties and problems with integration of new and discipline-specific technologies. The authors propose that these difficulties are most likely due to limited budgets and time, nonspecialized technical support, and lack of a formal process. This article presents the diffusion of innovations theory as a process for accomplishing a more formal integration of discipline-specific technologies into a marketing and business program. The use of “technology champions” is proposed as a means of enhancing the technology diffusion process.
Integrated Marketing and Operations Team Projects: Learning the Importance of Cross-Functional Cooperation
Authors: Darian Jean C. , Coopersmith Lewis
Published: March 2007

Increasingly, U.S. businesses are breaking down barriers between functional departments and focusing on interdepartmental teams aimed at providing customer satisfaction. Cooperation between marketing and production/operations is critical to this objective. This article describes integrating a marketing elective and a required operations management course through coordinated instruction that integrates topics and projects. This approach teaches business students that effective management involves close cooperation between these two functional areas in providing competitive and profitable products. Teamwork is emphasized by utilizing self-managed teams of students who work on functionally integrated projects that include locating a facility, aggregate production planning, and monitoring and improving service quality.
Commercial Marketing Reseachers' Evaluations of Academic Journals and Marketing Research Education
Authors: Parasuraman A.
Published: March 2007

This article reports the results of a descriptive study of executives employed by commercial marketing research firms concerning certain aspects of academia. The results provide some useful insights related to the effective "marketing" of academic journals and college graduates
Student-Faculty Evaluation Forms in Marketing: A Review
Authors: Wilson Terry C.
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the background issues in student-faculty evaluations, drawing from literature in educational psychology as appropriate to marketing. The review indicates the need for research in instrument purpose, instrument construction, and reliability/validity issues. A preferred evaluation form is presented, along with a review of future research needs.
The BBA-MBA Combination: Pierson, Gordon and Howell Revisited
Authors: Houston Michael J. , Hunt Shelby D.
Published: March 2007

Many prominent MBA programs use the undergraduate degree as a criterion for admission purposes and attach less value to candidates with undergraduate degrees in business. These programs have been influenced by two classic studies on business education: the Gordon and Howell report and the Pierson report. The authors probe the wisdom under which these programs operate and conclude that admission policies should be re-examined. To examine these issues the authors conducted two studies. In one study, 70 on-campus recruiters at a major midwestern university participated in an experiment designed to examine industry attitudes toward alternative undergraduate preparation for MBA students. A second study surveyed recruiting directors of two sets of firms: Fortune 500 companies and on-campus MBA-recruiting companies at a major midwestern university. The investigation indicates a dramatic shift in tile perceptions of tile BBA-MBA combination by employers over the last 20 years. Employers now either have a strong preference for MBAs who have an undergraduate degree in business administration, or equate them to MBAs with other undergraduate majors.
Teaching Advertising Media Planning Using Interactive Media Models
Authors: Lancaster Kent M. , Leckenby John D. , Stern Judith A.
Published: March 2007

This article describes methods to help teach advertising media planning and evaluation concepts at the undergraduate level. Interactive advertising media exposure distribution models are used in conjunction with published syndicated advertising media audience and cost estimates. Students are thereby enabled to evaluate separate advertising media category schedules, which might include network or spot television or radio, consumer magazines, or newspapers, for example, and combine the results to evaluate comprehensive media plans. Recent experiences with the method are presented and evaluated.
The Most Important Language in International Business is that of Your Customer or is it?
Authors: Aijo Toivo S.
Published: March 2007

This study explores whether knowledge of foreign languages is important for successful exporting and international business by US. companies, and whether the need for foreign language skills is presently being adequately met by educational institutions. For this purpose, past research and the results of an empirical survey are reviewed and analyzed.
Diagnosing Learning Motivation of Marketing Students: An Approach Based on Expectancy Theory
Authors: Tyagi Pradeep K.
Published: March 2007

Expectancy-valence models were used to predict the effort and performance of marketing students. Expectancy theory maintains that effort is related to the degree to which behavior is viewed as leading to various intrinsic and extrinsic outcomes weighted by the importance of these outcomes. A number of important hypotheses regarding learning motivation-performance were supported by the data reported here. A number of implications based on findings are also discussed.
Another Use for Course Evaluations
Authors: Schwartz Martin L. , Thornton Robert L.
Published: March 2007

This article reports on efforts to develop means by which academic managers can modify student demand for a particular course. A modified student course evaluation instrument was administered to students who had taken the course and those who had not. The responses were then compared to determine the extent to which they predicted student enrollment in the course.
Measured Effectiveness of Client-Sponsored Consulting Projects in the Marketing Research Course
Authors: Ramocki Stephen P.
Published: March 2007

This article assesses the effectiveness of the applied marketing research project from the perspectives of students and clients. The impacts of the procedure, both cognitive and behavioral, are discussed. The conclusion is that the approach has a profound effect upon student learning and, barring some potential pitfalls, has much to-offer.
It's Time to Restructure Marketing in Academia
Authors: Stanton William J.
Published: March 2007

Marketing academia must do some restructuring if it is to regain its former position of respect in the business community. Recommended courses of action are to (1) encourage the creative generation of concepts, (2) emphasize the implementation stage of the management process, and (3) restructure some aspects of our doctoral programs.
The Market Research Laboratory: The Addition of One Credit Hour to the Undergraduate Market Research Class
Authors: Ganesh Gopala K.
Published: March 2007

This article describes experiences with the addition of a mandatory one-credit-hour laboratory to the undergraduate market research class. Its main objective was to give students an intense exposure to the microcomputer. Student reactions to the laboratory experience were measured through self-administered surveys. The results indicate strongly that such structured exposure to computer work is quite useful.
Students as Marketing Consultants
Authors: Weinstein Art , Seaton Bruce , Nicholls J. A. F.
Published: March 2007

This article assesses the effectiveness of college students serving as marketing consultants under the aegis of the Small Business Institute program. A telephone survey of SBI clients was conducted, and the resulting data were analyzed with standard statistical methods such as comparison of means, correlation, and regression. Students' business knowledge and the practicality of their recommendations were found to be important correlates of client satisfaction.
Teaching, Research, Service, and External Compensation Activities: Expected versus Actual Workstyles among Marketing Professors
Authors: Boya Unal O. , Robicheaux Robert A.
Published: March 2007

A comprehensive national survey of college and university marketing professors revealed considerable disparity between the workstyle they believe is expected for promotion, tenure, and salary adjustment decisions and their actual workstyle. A majority of professors believe that their institutions expect them to allocate a much larger proportion of their professional effort to research activities than they actually allocate (45% expected versus 31% actual). Differences between perceived expected and actual workstyles occur more frequently in institutions with balanced teaching and research missions than in those which are either primarily teaching or primarily research oriented. A workstyle classification procedure is offered that seems superior to approaches used by previous researchers.
Game and Simulation Effectiveness in Marketing Education: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Laughlin Jay L. , Hite Robert E.
Published: March 2007

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a noncomputerized marketing channels game. The results showed affective learning in the form of changes in student responses to interpersonal interaction ability scales.
The Surprising and Rapidly Evolving Status of Marketing Education in the People's Republic of China: A Survey of Comprehensive Chinese Universities
Authors: Smith William R , Fu Jianhua
Published: March 2007

Administrators at 15 universities in the People's Republic of China indicated that marketing was the weakest area within their rapidly growing and changing management education programs. While Chinese marketing programs are modeled after U.S. programs, some aspects of China's more applied orientation could be useful to U.S. universities.
Improving Writing Skills in Sales Management Courses: The Use of Memo-Writing Exercises
Authors: McNeilly Kevin M. , Ranney Frances J.
Published: March 2007

One issue we confront in business schools is trying to provide our students with appropriate communication skills to compete in the business world. Sales management is one position where communication skills are essential to success. This article focuses on improving writing skills in sales management courses by using informative, persuasive, recommendation, and analytical memos.
A Tale of Two Cities: Team Teaching in Action
Authors: Stafford Thomas F.
Published: March 2007

Team teaching is increasingly being integrated into the marketing curriculum., as schools begin to apply precepts of Total Quality Management and Continuous Improvement in an effort to both increase the quality of offerings and respond to increasing budgetary downsizing. This requires a "doing more with less" approach to academic excellence that has drawn the attention of the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business. This article reviews the current literature on the topic and reports on two key presentations at the recent AACSB Continuous Improvement Symposium in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Exploring Predictors of Student Team Project Performance
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A. , Stewart-Belle Sue
Published: March 2007

In a study of 49 graduate and 172 undergraduate marketing project teams, the average of the individual abilities on the team was found to predict student team performance. Team size had little effect, and gender diversity had no effect on team performance. Among graduate teams, those with a moderate amount of nationality diversity outperformed teams with high or no nationality diversity. The implications of these and other findings for course administration and team assignment are discussed.
Deterring Cheating Behavior in the Marketing Classroom: An Analysis of the Effects of Demographics, Attitudes, and In-Class Deterrent Strategies
Authors: Nonis Sarath A. , Swift Cathy Owens
Published: March 2007

This article examines the level of cheating in marketing classes at two universities. The authors determine that certain predictors of cheating behavior activate more under high deterrent conditions. The study concludes that in-class deterrents are effective in reducing the levels of cheating on exams.
The University Presidents Can a Different Breed Do a Better Job?
Authors: Wagner Stanley P.
Published: March 2007

The high degree of instability in the colleges and universities today poses the question of whether the source of the problem is in society itself or in the type of administrative leadership at the academic helm. The two main foci of criticism are: one, the belief that outsiders, especially successful business men, might better provide economical and stable leadership; or two, that a professional preparation for leadership itself would bring forth more capable administrators. The answer to these questions is the purpose of this paper.
The Learning Support Model: Personnel Policy Beyond the Traditional Model
Authors: Carnevale David
Published: March 2007

There is increasing interest in achieving quality through effective management and use of human resources in public administration. What is the appropriate personnel policy that will assure this quality in government operations? This essay compares two human resource administration approaches and their quality potential. The first, characterized as the Traditional Model, is intensely bureaucratic and dominant in most public organizations. It is seen as antiquated, more suited for the mass production requirements of America's early industrialization period. The second, called the Learning Support Model, responds to the challenges of postindustrial workers by developing their problem-solving capacities. This essay focuses on the federal government and argues that the Traditional Model is giving way to the new design.
Public Administration and the Constitution: A Conflict in World-Views
Authors: Spicer Michael W.
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the world views underlying public administration and the Constitution. The article presents two rather different ways of looking at the world, which are used as a framework to contrast the literature in public administration with the writings of the Founders. It is argued that whereas public administration is rooted in a world view that stresses the powers of reason, the world view underlying the Constitution stresses the limits of reason. This conflict in world views, which has not been fully appreciated in the literature, makes clear the problem of grounding public administration in the Constitution. The paper also presents an alternative approach to legitimating public administration, which is more consistent with the world view of the Founders.
Mandate Reimbursement Measures in the States
Authors: Kelly Janet M.
Published: March 2007

Local-government associations often advocate constitutional or statutory reimbursement requirements as a solution for unfunded state mandates, predicating advocacy on the assumption that such a requirement will be effective once in place. However, the experience of the states with mandate reimbursement requirements varies widely. Much of the variation can be attributed to legislative flexibility in implementation language and by technical exemptions courts offer. Rather than offering a solution for one of the more contentious issues in state-local relations, mandate reimbursement requirements can sometimes create a new set of problems.
Race, Sex, and Occupational Segregation in State and Local Governments
Authors: Lewis Gregory B. , Nice David
Published: March 2007

Using EEO-4 data, provided by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, for state and local governments with more than 250 employees, this paper details the extent of sexual and racial segregation of occupations in 1987 and trends since 1981. It tests a model of determination of occupational segregation and explores the effect of levels of and declines in segregation on the pay of women and minorities.