bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF EVALUATION OF ACTIVITY AND INVESTMENT OF SUBJECTS OF ECONOMY IN MODRN RUSSIA: ENHANCING PERMANENTNESS
Authors: Kaledin Sergey , Shestakova Ekaterina
Published: February 2018

The problems of inadequacy in the assessment of the activities of economic entities in the Russian economy are exaggerated in scientific thoughts and public consciousness for quite a long time and, in fact, have acquired a constant and increasingly deepening process. The unresolved nature of these problems have the adversely affects on the economic and social growth of the state, hinders its development. The identified issues were raised in 2004 in the monograph "Actual problems of assessing the activity and investment of business entities in modern Russia," the main provisions of which served as material for writing and defending a doctoral dissertation at the Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation (Moscow, 2008). And, now, after a long period of time (about 10 years), one can say that the problems and shortcomings in the Russian economy raised in the monographs and the thesis are not only not solved, but they are even more deepened. Authors in the article from critical positions assess the current situation with the objectivity and adequacy of assessing the activities of economic entities, tax administration by the state of small business functioning, the impact of these problems on investment flows in the Russian Federation.
Thermocline Layers Depth and Thickness in Indonesian Waters when Souteast Monsoon
Authors: Lana Andreas Bastian , Kurniawati Nia , Purba Noir P. , Syamsuddin Mega L.
Published: February 2018

Termocline layer is effect of the unstabliized water when its stratified and usually with temperature decrease. This Research comprehensively discussed Indonesian waters, especially at a time when ITF flows strengthened in eastern part of Indonesia as compared to the western waters of Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to study the changes in the depth and thickness of the thermocline in various Indonesian waters to determine the condition toward oceanographic phenomenon that occurred in Southeast Monsoon. The data used are secondary data obtained from the World Ocean Atlas the form of climatological data. The data used is the temperature (oC) monthly from year 2005 to 2012 in June-August with a spatial resolution 10. The research location is determined based on the division of zoning Regional Fisheries Management or RFM. Location research adjusted for optimize the benefits of this research in pelagic fishing effort. The method used in this research is the analysis of spatial, temporal, and literature studies about the temperature gradient changes. The result show that Thermocline layer in eastern area of Indonesia found deeper than western Indonesia. Thickness of thermocline layer in western area of Indonesia has lower thickness level rather than eastern area of Indonesia.Keywords : Thermocline, Temperature Gradient, dan South East Monsoon, ITF
Analysis of the Risk of Bankruptcy of Tomato Processing Companies Operating in the Interregional Interprofessional Organization “OI Pomodoro da Industria Nord Italia”
Authors: Iotti Mattia , Bonazzi Giuseppe
Published: February 2018

The processed tomato is one of the major food products of Italy and characterized today many Italian Regions, in northern and southern Italy, even though the firms in the industry have had difficulties, in recent years, due to an increase in the cost of raw materials. Furthermore, tomato processing firms are often characterized by significant investment in fixed assets and working capital, with an consequent increase in equity and/or debt financing, with consequent increasing of the risk of bankruptcy, as happens to many firms in the sector in recent years. The aim of the research is than to analyze the risk of bankruptcy of tomato processing companies applying financial ratios. To achieve this goal, the research consider the annual data of a sample of 17 tomato processing firms operating in the Inter Regional Interprofessional Organization “OI Pomodoro da Industria Nord Italia”; firms’ data are divided into still-active (not-distressed) and failed (distressed) firms, with the aim of analyzing the differences between financial data and management practices of the two groups of firms to evaluate the sustainability of the business cycle. The company data suggest that larger firms, with adequate financial structure, have been able to withstand the tomato market crisis in recent years, where distressed firms are on average smaller and suffer from a higher recourse to debt capital with lower profit margins than not-distressed firms. The research could then be applied by entrepreneurs, managers, bankers and public operator to define good practices of management to be achieved and measured with financial ratios even in order reduce the risk of distress for firms operating in tomato sector.
Adaptive Behavior of Sheltered Homeless Children in the French ENFAMS Survey
Authors: Darbeda Stéphane , Falissard Bruno , Orri Massimiliano , Barry Caroline , Melchior Maria , Chauvin Pierre , Vandentorren Stéphanie
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To describe the adaptive behaviors in a large sample of homeless children and identify factors associated with developmental delay.

Methods. Data were from a cross-sectional survey of 557 children younger than 6 years randomly sampled among homeless sheltered families in the Paris region, France (January–May 2013). An interviewer and a psychologist conducted face-to-face interviews to collect information on sociodemographic and health characteristics. We assessed adaptive behaviors using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (VABS-II).

Results. The mean VABS-II composite score (SD) was 75.4 (12.0), and most participating children (80.9%) were considered developmentally delayed. Characteristics negatively associated with children’s developmental score were age, birth in a country other than France, low birth weight, and past-year hospitalization.

Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of developmental delays among children growing up homeless.

Public Health Implications. Long-term integrated programs improving parenting and children’s opportunities for stimulation and socialization should be developed in daycare centers, schools, shelters, and medical practices to minimize negative effects of early living conditions on children’s development.
Mechanisms by Which Anti-Immigrant Stigma Exacerbates Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities
Authors: Morey Brittany N.
Published: February 2018

Anti-immigrant rhetoric and political actions gained prominence and public support before, during, and after the 2016 presidential election. This anti-immigrant political environment threatens to increase health disparities among undocumented persons, immigrant groups, and people of color.

I discuss the mechanisms by which anti-immigrant stigma exacerbates racial/ethnic health disparities through increasing multilevel discrimination and stress, deportation and detention, and policies that limit health resources. I argue that the anti-immigrant sociopolitical context is a social determinant of health that affects mostly communities of color, both immigrants and nonimmigrants.

Public health has a moral obligation to consider how immigration policy is health policy and to be prepared to respond to worsening health disparities as a result of anti-immigrant racism.
Refining Risk Adjustment for the Proposed CMS Surgical Hip and Femur Fracture Treatment Bundled Payment Program
Authors: Cairns Mark A. , Ostrum Robert F. , Clement R. Carter
Published: February 2018

Background:

The U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has been considering the implementation of a mandatory bundled payment program, the Surgical Hip and Femur Fracture Treatment (SHFFT) model. However, bundled payments without appropriate risk adjustment may be inequitable to providers and may restrict access to care for certain patients. The SHFFT proposal includes adjustment using the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) and geographic location. The goal of the current study was to identify and quantify patient factors that could improve risk adjustment for SHFFT bundled payments.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a 5% random sample of Medicare data from 2008 to 2012. A total of 27,898 patients were identified who met SHFFT inclusion criteria (DRG 480, 481, and 482). Reimbursement was determined for each patient over the bundle period (the surgical hospitalization and 90 days of post-discharge care). Multivariable regression was performed to test demographic factors, comorbidities, geographic location, and specific surgical procedures for associations with reimbursement.

Results:

The average reimbursement was $23,632 ± $17,587. On average, reimbursements for male patients were $1,213 higher than for female patients (p < 0.01). Younger age was also associated with higher payments; e.g., reimbursement for those ≥85 years of age averaged $2,282 ± $389 less than for those aged 65 to 69 (p < 0.01). Most comorbidities were associated with higher reimbursement, but dementia was associated with lower payments, by an average of $2,354 ± $243 (p < 0.01). Twenty-two procedure codes are included in the bundle, and patients with the 3 most common codes accounted for 98% of the cases, with average reimbursement ranging from $22,527 to $24,033. Less common procedures varied by >$20,000 in average reimbursement (p < 0.01). DRGs also showed significant differences in reimbursement (p < 0.01); e.g., DRG 480 was reimbursed by an average of $10,421 ± $543 more than DRG 482. Payments varied significantly by state (p ≤ 0.01). Risk adjustment incorporating specific comorbidities demonstrated better performance than with use of DRG alone (r2 = 0.22 versus 0.15).

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that the proposed SHFFT bundled payment model should use more robust risk-adjustment methods to ensure that providers are reimbursed fairly and that patients retain access to care. At a minimum, payments should be adjusted for age, comorbidities, demographic factors, geographic location, and surgical procedure.
Minimum Two-Year Follow-up of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients with Generalized Joint Laxity
Authors: Kim Sung-Jae , Choi Chong Hyuk , Lee Su-Keon , Lee Wonyong , An Haemosu , Jung Min
Published: February 2018

Background:

The purposes of this investigation were to compare outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between patients with generalized joint laxity and those without it and to investigate the effect of generalized joint laxity on outcomes of ACL reconstruction from 2 to 8 years postoperatively.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 163 patients who had undergone unilateral ACL reconstruction from January 2001 to December 2008. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to presence or absence of generalized joint laxity. The proportions of patients with meniscectomy, graft rupture, and contralateral ACL rupture were compared. Rupture rates were compared with Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and anterior translation measured with the KT-2000 arthrometer were evaluated. The Lysholm knee score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score were compared. The IKDC objective grade and radiographic grade were also evaluated. Follow-up assessments were performed at 2, 5, and 8 years postoperatively.

Results:

The proportions of meniscectomy, graft rupture, and contralateral ACL rupture in patients with generalized joint laxity were higher than in patients without generalized joint laxity during the whole evaluation period. However, differences in proportions and cumulative rupture rates did not reach significance (p > 0.05). Patients with generalized joint laxity had less stability and poorer functional outcomes at the 8-year follow-up compared with patients without generalized joint laxity. With regard to the Lachman test and anterior translation, poorer results were shown in patients with generalized joint laxity than in patients without generalized joint laxity during the whole evaluation period. The results of pivot-shift testing differed significantly at 5 years (p = 0.002) and 8 years (p = 0.007). Patients with generalized joint laxity also had worse Lysholm knee scores and IKDC subjective scores during the whole evaluation period; these differences may not be clinically important. Comparisons between serial outcomes measured at 2, 5, and 8-year follow-ups within each patient group showed that anterior translation (p = 0.002), Lysholm knee score (p = 0.014), and IKDC subjective score (p = 0.002) deteriorated over time, although the values at 8 years were similar to those at 5 years, in patients with generalized joint laxity.

Conclusions:

Generalized joint laxity as an inherent physiologic characteristic of patients was related to a significant adverse effect on stability and functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction for patients followed for 2 to 8 years. Generalized joint laxity should be considered a risk factor for poor outcomes after ACL reconstruction.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Unified Approach to Yield, Buckling, and Leak in Well Tubulars
Authors: Goodman Malcolm A.
Published: February 2018

Yield and buckling are independent of hydrostatic pressure. However, leak in a threaded connection depends on hydrostatic pressure, and hence, leak resistance is a function of connector location in the string. It also means that von Mises stress alone is insufficient to characterize connection leak. Like pipe-body yield and buckling, a simple consistent failure theory derived from principles of mechanics is proposed for leak in threaded connections. In addition, the buckling fictitious force is reformulated as a nonfictitious expression to clearly show independence of hydrostatic pressure. Two leak constants—thread modulus and makeup leak resistance—are introduced and evaluated with simple example cases. To quantify results, a 7-in. long-thread-casing (LTC) connection is modeled with the new leak criterion, and results demonstrate that the connection can withstand differential pressures higher than the published ratings because of hydrostatic pressure. A new connection safety factor is defined, and a leak line and a leak circle are developed for graphical purposes to quickly identify critical loads for leak.
The mediating role of emotional intelligence in the employees performance
Authors: Tukiman Hendrawijaya Arief , Ary Gumanti Tatang , Sasongko  , Puspitaningtyas Zarah
Published: February 2018

This study investigates the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between motivation, compensation, satisfaction, work climate and employees’ performance. The sample consists of 96 field officials who were the government employees specializing in coping with the eradication of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in the district of Jember, Indonesia. Results using path analysis reveal that all examined variables positively and significantly affect employees’ performance. The study finds that emotional intelligence mediates the relationship of work motivation, compensation, work satisfaction, and work climate with employees’ performance.
Correlation between Legitimacy and Legality – Selected Problems
Authors: Kociołek-Pęksa Anna , Menkes Jerzy
Published: February 2018

The presented study is multi-disciplinary in nature. It combines elements of legal analysis, political science, as well as elements of the science of safety. This multi-faceted study has allowed us to not only to cover a wide field of research but also to make thorough descriptions and explanations provided sense largissimo. The text concerns the multi-faceted relationship between legality and the legitimacy of law in the perspective of international and national dimensions. The authors concluded that “justice” (as a rule and also a value) is a (different) Grundnorm in international law. The authors discuss the role of the international community, the principle of sovereignty and the essence of nomocracy, in shaping and changing the scope of the legitimacy of law.
Antifungal Activity of Arginine-Based Surfactants
Authors: Fait Maria E. , da Costa Helen P. S. , Freitas Cleverson D. T. , Bakás Laura , Morcelle Susana R.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Amino acid based surfactants constitute an important class of surface active biomolecules showing remarkable biocompatible properties. Antimicrobial activity is one of the most remarkable biological properties of this kind of surfactants, which have been widely studied against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, the antifungal activity of this kind of compound has been less well investigated. The aim of this work is the study of the antifungal activity of two novel argininebased surfactants (Nα-benzoyl-arginine decylamide, Bz-Arg-NHC10 and Nα-benzoyl-arginine dodecylamide, Bz-Arg-NHC12), obtained by an enzymatic strategy, against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophyte strains.

Methods:

Four phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and two human pathogenic fungi (dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) were tested. Inhibition of vegetative growth and conidia germination was investigated for the phytopathogenic fungi. In order to elucidate the possible mechanism of biocide action, membrane integrity, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Additionally, the inhibition of germination of dermatophyte microconidia due to both arginine-based surfactants was studied. Minimum inhibitory concentration, as well as the concentration that inhibits 50% of germination were determined for both compounds and both fungal strains.

Results:

For the vegetative growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the most potent arginine-based compound was Bz-Arg-NHC10. All the tested compounds interfered with the conidia development of the studied species. Investigation of the possible mechanism of toxicity towards phytopathogenic fungi indicated direct damage of the plasma membrane and production of ROS. For the two strains of dermatophyte fungi tested, all the proved compounds showed similar fungistatic efficacy.

Conclusion:

: Bz-Arg-NHC10 and Bz-Arg-NHC12 were demonstrated to have broad biocidal ability against the proliferative vegetative form and the asexual reproductive conidia. Results suggest that both membrane permeabilization and induction of oxidative stress are part of the antifungal mechanisms involved in the interruption of normal conidia development by Bz-Arg-NHCn, leading to cell death.
Vegetation Design as User’s Thermal Modifier at Urban Park
Authors: Syed Othman Thani Sharifah Khalizah , Mohd Hashim Nor Hanisah , Nik Mohamad Nik Hanita , Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Abdul Mutalib Al Junid
Published: February 2018

The study aims to investigate the potential of vegetation design as a microclimatic modifier at KLCC park. The scope of the study is to determine the impact of vegetation types towards thermal comfort. The different morphological characteristics of trees, shrubs and groundcover, and its planting configurations could be the best indicator to determine the outdoor thermal satisfaction among users. The results indicate the sampling points with various types of vegetation including hardy canopied trees, dense shrubs and groundcovers recorded lowest air temperature, and more visitors were comfortable doing activities in that area compared to points with fewer layers of vegetation.
Inducing Behavioral Change in Seekers of Pro-Anorexia Content Using Internet Advertisements: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yom-Tov Elad , Brunstein-Klomek Anat , Mandel Or , Hadas Arie , Fennig Silvana
Published: February 2018

Background

The influence of pro-anorexia (pro-ana) websites is debated, with studies indicating both negative and positive effects, as well as significant variation in the effects of different websites for those suffering from eating disorders (EDs) and the general population. Online advertising, known to induce behavioral change both online and in the physical world, has not been used so far to modify the search behavior of people seeking pro-ana content.

Objective

The objective of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to examine if online advertisements (ads) can change online search behaviors of users who are looking for online pro-ana content.

Methods

Using the Bing Ads system, we conducted an RCT to randomly expose the searchers for pro-ana content to 10 different ads referring people to one of the three websites: the National Eating Disorders Association, the National Institutes of Mental Health, and MyProAna. MyProAna is a pro-ana website that was found in a previous study to be associated with less pathological online behaviors than other pro-ana websites. We followed participants exposed and unexposed to the ads to explore their past and future online searches. The ads were shown 25,554 times and clicked on 217 times.

Results

Exposure to the ads was associated with a decrease in searches for pro-ana and self-harm content. Reductions were greatest among those referred to MyProAna (reduction of 34.0% [73/215] and 37.2% [80/215] for pro-ana and self-harm, respectively) compared with users who were referred elsewhere (reduction of 15.47% [410/2650] and 3.21% [85/2650], respectively), and with users who were not shown the ads, who increased their behaviors (increase of 57.12% [6462/11,314] and 4.07% [461/11,314], respectively). In addition, those referred to MyProAna increased their search for treatment, as did control users, who did so to a lesser extent. However, users referred elsewhere decreased their searches for this content.

Conclusions

We found that referring users interested in ED-related content to specific pro-ana communities might lessen their maladaptive online search behavior. This suggests that those who are preoccupied with EDs can be redirected to less pathological online searches through appropriate pathways.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03439553; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03439553 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xNYnxYlw)
Reducing HIV Vulnerability Through a Multilevel Life Skills Intervention for Adolescent Men (The iREACH Project): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Bauermeister Jose , Sullivan Patrick S , Gravens Laura , Wolfe James , Countryman Kristina , Smith-Bankhead Neena , Drab Ryan A , Sallabank Gregory , Helms Jordan D , Khatibi Kristie , Filipowicz Rebecca , Horvath Keith Joseph , Bonar Erin , Castel Amanda , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Guest Jodie , Stephenson Rob
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Few HIV interventions have demonstrated efficacy in reducing HIV risk among adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM), and fewer still have recognized the unique needs of AMSM based on race/ethnicity or geographical setting. Recognizing that youths’ HIV vulnerability is intricately tied to their development and social context, delivering life skills training during adolescence might delay the onset or reduce the consequences of risk factors for HIV acquisition and equip AMSM with the skills to navigate HIV prevention. This protocol describes the development and testing of iREACH, an online multilevel life skills intervention for AMSM.

OBJECTIVE

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the efficacy of an online-delivered life skills intervention, iREACH, on cognitive and behavioral HIV-related outcomes for AMSM.

METHODS

iREACH is a prospective RCT of approximately 600 cisgender adolescent males aged 13 to 18 years who report same-sex attractions. The intervention will be tested with a racial/ethnically diverse sample (≥50% racial/ethnic minority) of AMSM living in four regions in the United States: (1) Chicago to Detroit, (2) Washington, DC to Atlanta, (3) San Francisco to San Diego, and (4) Memphis to New Orleans.

RESULTS

This project is currently recruiting participants. Recruitment began in March 2018.

CONCLUSIONS

iREACH represents a significant innovation in the development and testing of a tailored life skills-focused intervention for AMSM, and has the potential to fill a significant gap in HIV prevention intervention programming and research for AMSM.

REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER

RR1-10.2196/10174
An Outcomes-Based Definition of Proteinuria Remission in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Troost Jonathan P. , Trachtman Howard , Nachman Patrick H. , Kretzler Matthias , Spino Cathie , Komers Radko , Tuller Sarah , Perumal Kalyani , Massengill Susan F. , Kamil Elaine S. , Oh Gia , Selewski David T. , Gipson Patrick , Gipson Debbie S.
Published: February 2018

Background and objectives

Proteinuria is used as an indicator of FSGS disease activity, but its use as a clinical trial end point is not universally accepted. The goal of this study was to refine proteinuria definitions associated with long-term kidney survival.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Data on 466 patients with primary FSGS with proteinuria (urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >1 g/g) were analyzed from five independent cohorts. Proteinuria by months 1, 4, and 8 after study baseline was categorized by conventional definitions of complete (<0.3 g/g) and partial remission (<3.5 g/g and 50% reduction in proteinuria). Novel remission definitions were explored using receiver operating curves. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate the associations of proteinuria with progression to ESRD or a 50% loss in kidney function. Propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to adjust for baseline proteinuria, eGFR, and therapy.

Results

In the initial derivation cohort, conventional partial remission was not associated with kidney survival. A novel definition of partial remission (40% proteinuria reduction and proteinuria<1.5 g/g) on the basis of receiver operating curve analyses of 89 patients was identified (Sensitivity=0.70; Specificity=0.77). In the validation cohort analyses, complete remission was associated with better prognosis (6 out of 41 patients progressed to kidney failure; 6.6 per 100 patient-years) as was the novel partial remission (13 out of 71 progressed; 8.5 per 100 patient-years), compared with those with no response (51 out of 116 progressed; 20.1 per 100 patient-years). Conventional partial remission at month 8, but not month 4, was also associated with better response (19 out of 85 patients progressed; risk=10.4 per 100 patient-years). Propensity score–adjusted analyses showed the novel partial remission was associated with less progression at months 4 and 8 (month 4: hazard ratio, 0.50; P=0.01; month 8: hazard ratio, 0.30; P=0.002).

Conclusions

Reaching either a complete or partial remission using a novel or conventional definition was associated with better long-term outcomes in patients with FSGS.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2018_02_20_CJASNPodcast_18_3_T.mp3
SafeTALK suicide training: An evaluation of attitudes and actions among medical students
Authors: Wilson Brooke , Neufeld Eva
Published: February 2018

Background: SafeTALK is a half-day gatekeeper training program on recognizing persons at risk for suicide and intervening appropriately. Primary care clinicians have been increasingly targeted for suicide intervention training; however, evidence surrounding the effectiveness of safeTALK is lacking, particularly among medical learners. The aim of this study was to assess whether suicide literacy and intervention skills were enhanced by safeTALK training among medical learners.Methods: Undergraduate medical students from an Ontario university were invited to complete an online survey regardless if they had taken safeTALK training as part of their curriculum. Suicide literacy was measured with the Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) and intervention skills were measured with the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI).Results: The majority believed that suicide risk assessment training was very important to undergraduate medical education. Although limitations were noted, this study did not demonstrate that safeTALK training significantly improved medical students’ suicide literacy levels or suicide intervention skills.Conclusions: A more comprehensive program including the epidemiology of suicide and mental health disorders in addition to intervention skills is recommended to ensure medical learners are equipped to dispel the stigmas surrounding suicide and offer the appropriate care and follow up to their patients in future practice.
ADHESION BETWEEN A POWER-LAW INDENTER AND A THIN LAYER COATED ON A RIGID SUBSTRATE
Authors: Papangelo Antonio
Published: February 2018

In the present paper we investigate indentation of a power-law axisymmetric rigid probe in adhesive contact with a "thin layer" laying on a rigid foundation for both frictionless unbounded and bounded compressible cases. The investigation relies on the "thin layer" assumption proposed by Johnson, i.e. the layer thickness being much smaller than the radius of the contact area, and it makes use of the previous solutions proposed by Jaffar and Barber for the adhesiveless case. We give analytical predictions of the loading curves and provide indentation, load and contact radius at the pull-off. It is shown that the adhesive behavior is strongly affected by the indenter shape; nevertheless below a critical thickness of the layer (typically below 1 µm) the theoretical strength of the material is reached. This is in contrast with the Hertzian case, which has been shown to be insensitive to the layer thickness. Two cases are investigated, namely, the case of a free layer and the case of a compressible confined layer, the latter being more "efficient", as, due to Poisson effects, the same detachment force is reached with a smaller contact area. It is suggested that high sensitive micro-/nanoindentation tests may be performed using probes with different power law profiles for characterization of adhesive and elastic properties of micro-/nanolayers.
OPTIMATION OF DNA EXTRACTION PROTOCOL OF Elaeidobius kamerunicus
Authors: Wening Sri , Prasetyo Agus Eko , Rozziansha Tjut Ahmad Perdana , Susanto Agus
Published: February 2018

African pollination weevil (Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust) has an important role in the productivity of Indonesian oil palm plantation. Up to now, there has not been a comprehensive biological study of the species at molecular level. The basic knowledge is very useful for exploitation of the weevil for effective oil palm fruit set development. This research aimed to obtain DNA extraction protocol of E. kamerunicus for DNA fingerprinting of the species. Results showed that using a DNA extraction kit,material disruption by using micro pestle resulted the highest quantity of DNA, while there were no significant differences of resulted DNA quantity among treatments using tissue lyser for material disruption. DNA extracted by using micro pestle or tissue lyser for material disruption is adequate for DNA fingerprinting using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) and sequencing techniques.
Fetal Genotype and Maternal Glucose Have Independent and Additive Effects on Birth Weight
Authors: Hughes Alice E. , Nodzenski Michael , Beaumont Robin N. , Talbot Octavious , Shields Beverley M. , Scholtens Denise M. , Knight Bridget A. , Lowe William L. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Freathy Rachel M.
Published: February 2018

Maternal glycemia is a key determinant of birth weight, but recent large-scale genome-wide association studies demonstrated an important contribution of fetal genetics. It is not known whether fetal genotype modifies the impact of maternal glycemia or whether it acts through insulin-mediated growth. We tested the effects of maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and a fetal genetic score for birth weight on birth weight and fetal insulin in 2,051 European mother-child pairs from the Exeter Family Study of Childhood Health (EFSOCH) and the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. The fetal genetic score influenced birth weight independently of maternal FPG and impacted growth at all levels of maternal glycemia. For mothers with FPG in the top tertile, the frequency of large for gestational age (birth weight ≥90th centile) was 31.1% for offspring with the highest tertile genetic score and only 14.0% for those with the lowest tertile genetic score. Unlike maternal glucose, the fetal genetic score was not associated with cord insulin or C-peptide. Similar results were seen for HAPO participants of non-European ancestry (n = 2,842 pairs). This work demonstrates that for any level of maternal FPG, fetal genetics has a major impact on fetal growth and acts predominantly through independent mechanisms.
PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TEH BUAH SALAK BONGKOK PADA VARIASI SUHU PENYEDUHAN
Authors: Inayah Istiyati
Published: February 2018

Buah salak Bongkok dari desa Bongkok, kecamatan Conggeang kabupaten Sumedang mempunyai rasa asam, sepat, dan agak pahit sehingga tidak diminati masyarakat dan menjadi komoditi terbuang. Untuk memanfaatkan buah salak Bongkok, maka dibuat diversifikasi produk berupa teh buah salak bongkok. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Afrianti (2006), ekstrak teh buah salak bongkok memiliki aktivitas antioksidan namun hasil seduhan teh buah salak bongkok pada berbagai suhu penyeduhan belum diketahui aktivitas antioksidannya sehingga pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan pada suhu pencelupan 70°C, 80°C dan 90°C. Teh buah salak bongkok diseduh dengan 200 ml air yang bersuhu 70°C, 80°C dan 90°C selama 3 menit, kemudian dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH. DPPH merupakan senyawa radikal, yang akan diredam oleh sampel yang mengandung antioksidan, sehingga aktivitas antioksidan dilihat dari kemampuan sampel yang dapat meredam 50% radikal DPPH, dalam hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu terbaik untuk menyeduh teh buah salak Bongkok adalah suhu 90°C dengan nilai IC50 196,34 ppm. Nilai IC50 dari air seduhan teh buah salak bongkok untuk suhu penyeduhan 70°C, dan 80°C berturut-turut adalah 309,124 ppm dan 213,665 ppm.
PENGARUH NILAI PARAMETER TERHADAP SOLUSI HEURISTIK PADA MODEL VTPTW
Authors: Dimyati Tjutju T.
Published: February 2018

Penentuan rute kendaraan (Vehicle Routing Problem, VRP) merupakan sub persoalan yang sangat penting dari suatu sistem distribusi, sehingga telah mengundang banyak perhatian peneliti untuk menggali berbagai aspek yang terkait dengan persoalan ini. Pada makalah ini dikemukakan suatu metode heuristik untuk menyelesaikan persoalan penentuan rute kendaraan dimana setiap pelanggan menetapkan batas awal dan akhir waktu pengiriman, yang dikenal sebagai Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). Penentuan rute ditujukan tidak hanya untuk meminimumkan total ongkos perjalanan tetapi juga total waktu pelanggan menunggu. Karena metode heuristik yang dibahas melibatkan sejumlah parameter, pada makalah ini juga dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai parameter terhadap solusi yang diperoleh.
IDENTIFIKASI MIKROORGANISME PADA EM1 DAN MUDBALL (DEDAK PADI, TANAH LIAT DAN EM1) YANG DIGUNAKAN DALAM PENJERNIHAN AIR SUNGAI BUATAN
Authors: Nugroho Fadjari Lucia , Rusmaya Deni , Damayanti Muthia
Published: February 2018

Sungai merupakan salah satu sumber air bagi kehidupan. Semua mahluk hidup memerlukan air untuk dapat mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya. Air sungai termasuk salah satu bentuk badan air permukaan yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat. Namun sangat disayangkan bahwa dengan berjalannya waktu sungai tidak hanya digunakan sebagai sumber air tetapi juga tempat untuk membuang air limbah termasuk limbah domestik. Masih banyak yang secara langsung membuang air limbah domestik ke sungai, seperti halnya yang dialami sungai Cikapundung di Kota Bandung. Hal ini mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas air sungai. Salah satu upaya penanggulangan penurunan kualitas air sungai akibat pencemaran oleh limbah domestik adalah dengan menyisihkan langsung kontaminan dari air sungai dengan menggunakan Mudball yang terbuat dari dedak padi, tanah liat dan EM1 aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis mikroorganisme yang terkandung dalam EM1 aktif dan Mudball. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan morfologi melalui pewarnaan Gram dan pewarnaan spora, sedangkan identifikasi jamur juga dilakukan dengan pemerikasaan morfologi preparaat basah. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan jenis mikroorganisme yang ditemukan pada EM1 aktif dengan yang ditemukan di Mudball di mana bakteri pada EM1 aktif teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus sp sedangkan pada Mudball bakteri yang ditemukan berbentuk baksil, Gram negatif dan tidak berspora sehingga tidak termasuk jenis Bacillus sp. Jamur yang teridentifikasi adalah Bipolaris sp pada EM1 aktif dan Mucor sp pada Mudball.
INTEGRATION MODEL OF CREATIVE TELEMATICS INDUSTRIES WITH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN WEST JAWA PROVINCE
Authors: Nurhasan Nurhasan
Published: February 2018

This research is important to integrate the vision and mission of Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics with the vision and mission of the Manufacturing Industry especially in West Java province, considering the facts or  existing condition  that between Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics and the Manufacturing Industry still run on their own way and there has not been symbiotic mutualism  relations and /or orientation of activities between the two levels of industry has not been integrated. This study was conducted by using empirical juridical approach which is oriented towards holistic study and in the process, legal disciplines receive related disciplines .Analysis of the object of research was conducted through legal analysis The results of this analysis is the drafting of Integration Model Construction of Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics in the strengthening of manufacturing industry to increase productivity and competitiveness of industry in west java province, which can be briefly described as follows: a) Intellectual Property Rights produced by Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics either Copyrights, Patents, industrial design, or Right to Layout Design of Integrated Circuits is appreciated and is utilized by the specific manufacturing industry, so that both Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics and specific manufacturing industry get Added Value to increase the productivity and the competitiveness of local industry and national industry, and periodically Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics get the program of technical and management assistance  from the specific manufacturing industry in order to meet the standardization of quality of products and quantity of products which is in accordance with standards set by the specific manufacturing industry, and also to gain greater trust from Financial Services  to boost the capital; b) the specific manufacturing Industry got efficiency and effectiveness in developing the investments especially related to the fulfillment of the market demands ( design development) and production capacity through symbiotic mutualism and Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics; c) The government obtained the holistic study as materials to formulate legislation (Act, government regulations, local regulations) in the field of development of Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics in particular, the integrated industrial development and the sustainable industrial development, and the increase of regional revenue in the form of both local taxes and levies. and d) Financial Institutions ( Financial Services ) can reduce or minimize the potency of bad loans from the Small and Medium Industries of Creative Telematics.
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE OF KUBE
Authors: Sariningsih Yuce
Published: February 2018

This study investigated Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) which was managed by women or Poor Women Business Group Program was a social service program in economic field which was under supervised by Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia to eradicate poverty, where entrepreneurship as an important successful key indicator of their business. Entrepreneurship also occurred in social service agencies and has long described with terms such as new, innovative, flexible, dynamic, creative, and risk taking. However, entrepreneurship did not yet a business spirit by most KUBE in West Java Indonesia. One of great opportunity in KUBE business which was needed an entrepreneurial spirit was waste bank. Decentralized waste banks, trash banks, garbage banks or Bank Sampah as they are called in Indonesia are a new convincing concept for waste management. This study used a survey to investigate the perception of women's business group at West Java who joined in Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) on waste bank. The respondent of this study were 111 (one hundred and eleven) poor women who received business aid in form of money and goods for the development of their business activities. The waste bank was still not popular among KUBE’s member, they are set up in neighborhoods typically for about 1000 residents and are usually run by poorer people who wish to increase their income. Bank customers bring all non-organic waste to the banks where it was treated like a deposit. Transactions were recorded preferably in a bank book that the customer hold or alternatively in lists kept by the bank. Ministry of Environment of Indonesia promoted Waste Banks as the new strategic program. According to the Ministry, Garbage Management with a lot of positive impacts through the waste bank development program was inseparable from the participation of people, especially from the grassroots level.
“FROM TANGIBLE SPACE TO INTANGIBLE SPACE“ KANOMAN PALACE AND KACIREBONAN PALACE
Authors: Agustina Ina Helena
Published: February 2018

Physical space or called tangible spaces are spaces that can be physically captured by the senses while nonphysical or intangible space is a space that is not caught by the senses. Anthropological research argues that the first 'double built' space is a physical building and the second is a result of interpretation of taste and imagination (Gieryn, in Short, 2015). Kanoman palace and Kacirebonan palace is a palace located in the city of Cirebon. The two palaces not only physically still have the form of a palace building but also still have mystics believed by the community as an integral part of human life. The purpose of this paper is to show tangible space and intangible space in both palaces as part of the meaning of the palace. The method used is the research method of Husserl phenomenology and conducting the review literature from the results of the themes that appear especially space in both palaces. The result shows that these two palaces have different spatial arrangements and different building arrangements but the direction of the northward winds into the sacred position of the palace. The position is related to the position of the tomb of Sunan Gunung Jati as an ancestor and founder of the palace in Cirebon. The position is manifested as intangible space palaces in Cirebon.
Conceptual Progression in Innovative Learning Spaces
Authors: McPhail Graham John
Published: February 2018

An opinion piece on FLE
Is There a Need for the Re(dis)covery of Teaching?
Authors: Biesta Gert
Published: February 2018

Earlier this year I published a book with the title The Rediscovery of Teaching (Biesta 2017). In the book I make the case that teaching matters. But unlike a significant part of contemporary discourse, I argue against the idea that the reason why teaching matters is that it has the capacity for driving test scores in the narrow set of curricular subjects that the Global Education Measurement Industry is keen to measure, not just to identify ‘quality,’ but also to ‘name and shame’ countries that are apparently not performing ‘well’ – a naming and shaming where, unfortunately, teachers often find themselves at the receiving end.
SINTAXONOMÍA DE LOS MANGLARES Y SALADARES DE LAS LAGUNAS COSTERAS DE LOS CAYOS COCO Y SABINAL, CUBA
Authors: Martínez-Quesada Eddy
Published: February 2018

Se estudió la sintaxonomía de los manglares y saladares asociados a las lagunas costeras de los cayos Coco y Sabinal, en el archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey, al norte de Cuba. Se encontraron 12 asociaciones vegetales, nueve de la Clase Rizophoretea mangle y tres de la Clase Batido-Salicornietea. Se describen por primera vez tres asociaciones, dos constituyen manglares y una se corresponde con la vegetación halófita. Predominan los nanofanerófitos de hojas micrófilas, debido a la interacción con factores limitantes, como el sustrato, la salinidad y la disponibilidad de agua dulce. La flora sinantrópica acompañante se compone en su mayoría por los apófitos, principalmente extrapófitos, como Batis maritima y carece de antropófitos. La zonación de las comunidades no sigue un patrón fijo. Se presenta un esquema sintaxómico con las clases, órdenes, alianzas y asociaciones descritas.
Rhamnus velutina Boiss. subsp. velutina y Cyperus glaber L., novedosos para la flora de la provincia de Córdoba (España).
Authors: Muñoz Álvarez Jesús Miguel , Díaz María Luisa , Devesa Alcaraz Juan Antonio
Published: February 2018

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Introduction to Speculations on Quasi-Experimental Design in HIV/AIDS Prevention Research
Authors: Krauss Beatrice J.
Published: February 2018

.  DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i1_krauss
Use of a 3-Telsa magnet to perform delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the distal interphalangeal joint of horses with and without naturally occurring osteoarthritis
Authors: Bischofberger Andrea S. , Fürst Anton E. , Torgerson Paul R. , Carstens Ann , Hilbe Monika , Kircher Patrick
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE To characterize delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) features of healthy hyaline cartilage of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) of horses, to determine whether dGEMRIC can be used to differentiate various stages of naturally occurring osteoarthritis of the DIPJ, and to correlate relaxation times determined by dGEMRIC with the glycosaminoglycan concentration, water content, and macroscopic and histologic findings of hyaline cartilage of DIPJs with and without osteoarthritis.

SAMPLE 1 cadaveric forelimb DIPJ from each of 12 adult warmblood horses.

PROCEDURES T1-weighted cartilage relaxation times were obtained for predetermined sites of the DIPJ before (T1preGd) and after (T1postGd) intra-articular gadolinium administration. Corresponding cartilage sites underwent macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation, and cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration and water content were determined. Median T1preGd and T1postGd were correlated with macroscopic, histologic, and biochemical data. Mixed generalized linear models were created to evaluate the effects of cartilage site, articular surface, and macroscopic and histologic scores on relaxation times.

RESULTS 122 cartilage specimens were analyzed. Median T1postGd was lower than the median T1preGd for normal and diseased cartilage. Both T1preGd and T1postGd were correlated with macroscopic and histologic scores, whereby T1preGd increased and T1postGd decreased as osteoarthritis progressed. There was topographic variation of T1preGd and T1postGd within the DIPJ. Cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration and water content were significantly correlated with T1preGd and macroscopic and histologic scores but were not correlated with T1postGd.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dGEMRIC relaxation times varied for DIPJs with various degrees of osteoarthritis. These findings may help facilitate early detection of osteoarthritis.