bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Category “Meaning” in Socio-Humanitarian Sciences, Psychology and Psychotherapeutic Practices
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bolshunova Sofiya
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the "meaning" as a basic category in socio-humanitarian sciences and psychotherapeutic practices. For discussion, the authors propose the following thesis: meaning is the ultimate category in the socio-humanitarian sciences like matter in the physicalist sciences. The "turn to meaning" is justified. It is already observed in the works of Z. Freud, who claimed that symptomatic actions have a hidden meaning, as well as in the works of M. Weber, who focused his attention on meaningfully oriented human actions. The sociological category of "meaning" was further developed by A. Schutz. The "meaning" category is also reviewed in phenomenology and poststructuralism of J. Derrida and J. Deleuze. Russian philosophy, psychology and cultural studies based on V.M. Mezhuyev analyzed as well. The analysis of the above sources allows us to confirm the thesis put forward and recognize the meaning as a key category of socio-human sciences. Meaning is considered by the authors as a category of subjective ontology, and all sociological and psychological phenomena are recognized as explication of meanings. Moreover, subjectivity (agency) is understood as the ability of an individual to manage himself and the circumstances of his own life with meaning. Since meaning is a general category for the socio-humanitarian sciences, it can be considered as a category of the logic of these sciences. The logically possible is equivalent to the meaningful. The last section of the article examines the category "meaning" in psychotherapeutic practices: psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative practice. It is shown that all these approaches tend to endow the client with agency, i.e. to form his ability to interpret his own life, find meanings and, thus, to deal meaningfully with himself and the circumstances of his own life. This analysis allows us to see the connection between the theoretical category of meaning and its significance in the practice of social and individual life.
Uniqueness Theorem of Reconstruction of Preimage by Its Image Under Degenerate Mapping
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Klyachin Vladimir , Grigorieva Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: August 2022

One of the urgent problems in the construction of computer vision systems is the problem of determining the spatial orientation and spatial position of an object from a photograph. For example, this task is especially important for autonomous driving systems, where the positioning of nearby vehicles is a key issue for autonomous vehicles in an urban environment. In this regard, for example, in 2019, the Baidu Robotics and Autonomous Driving Laboratory together with Peking University, set an appropriate task for the Kaggle community (https://www.kaggle.com/c/pkuautonomousdriving) and provided more than 60,000 copies of threedimensional cars marked from 5,277 real images. In this article, we formulate some results that are the mathematical basis for substantiating methods for solving the abovementioned reconstruction problems in computer vision systems.
On Consequences of Event-Driven Economic Crisis of 2020 at National and Regional Levels
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Adzhikova Altynay , Kanzerov Rashid ,   North Caucasus State Academy, Shkolnikova Nina ,   North Caucasus State Academy, Pleshakova Marina ,   Moscow City University
Published: August 2022

The article presents an analysis of specific results, the most significant trends in the development of the Russian economy in 2020, caused by the spread of coronavirus infection. An assessment of social and economic indicators for 2020 compared to average values for the previous years 2017–2019 is given. The impact of an increase in the COVID-19 incidence on the demographic situation, introduction of quarantine restrictions on the regional economy of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, a federal entity of the North Caucasian Federal District, is shown. Obviously, the degree of manifestation of the economic crisis depends on the level of social and economic development of the regions of Russia. The authors note the characteristic features of the crisis generated by the pandemic, which must be taken into account when developing anti-crisis policy, as well as economic policy at the stage of overcoming the crisis. Some enterprises found themselves on the verge of bankruptcy not as a result of their own inefficient activities, not because of errors in state regulation of economic development, but because of the closure of borders and the introduction of lockdowns. The recession threatens to turn into a depression. Year 2020 showed the importance of timely adaptation to a changing reality, the need to take emergency and extraordinary medical, economic, social measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. In the course of the study, the features of changes in the state economic policy caused by crisis phenomena are highlighted. The crisis had an impact on the strategic goals of regional development, contributed to a change of fiscal and credit policies, changed the ways of coordination between government and business, and activated approaches and models of anti-crisis management. The recovery growth of the country’s economy with subsequent of sustainable development, the combination of anti-crisis measures with the implementation of structural modernization tasks will prevent the deterioration of the economic situation and overcome quickly the negative consequences of the crisis.
Evolution of Payment Systems in Digital Economy
Authors:   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Dzhambulatov, Maksimova Svetlana , Murzageldieva Elmira ,   Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Dzhambulatov, Solodova Svetlana ,   Volgograd State University, Chub Margarita ,   Volgograd Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of influence of legal, technical, organizational and international factors on the development of the Russian payment system. The national payment system of Russia, as part of its development, designed to provide an opportunity to implement financial innovations for all market participants. The relevance of research consists in the need to improve the efficiency of payment system regulation in the conditions of their transformation and digitalization. Improvement of regulation effectiveness is possible when the interaction of factors determining the directions of development of payment system is understood. The study is aimed at the identification and the explanation of the factors of the evolution of the national payment system and their interdependencies in digital economy. The study of the factors of development of payment system is justified by the need to expand the possibilities of their practical implementation through legal regulation in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the factors that determine the direction of payment system development. The study is based on the study of the papers of leading scientists engaged in research in the field of finance, monetary theory, payment system, economic digitalization. The theoretical study is founded on the use of mental modeling, statistical research, comparative analysis and observation. The conditions of the evolution of payment systems in the digital economy within the framework of the current government program are analyzed. Specific indicators of the influence of the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” on the evolution of the payment system are indicated. Conclusions are drawn about the nature of the impact of the digitalization process on payment system. The factors that ensure the improvement of the quality of service and determine the growth of risks level in the process of digitalization of the payment system are determined. The relationship between the innovative functions of payment system and the risks arising in this case is established. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of efficiency improvement of the payment system by identifying the relationship between groups of factors that determine the direction of its development.
Uso de antibacterianos em gestantes antes e após regulamentação no Brasil: coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, de 2004 e 2015
Authors: Guimarães Fernando Silva , Cata-Preta Bianca Oliveira , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná S. , Silveira Mariângela Freitas , Silveira Marysabel Pinto Telis , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso
Published: August 2022

A utilização indiscriminada de antibacterianos no período gestacional pode aumentar a resistência antimicrobiana e colocar em risco a saúde da gestante e da criança. Atualmente, está em vigência no Brasil a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada nº 20/2011, que controla a prescrição e fornecimento de antibacterianos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o uso de antibacterianos pelas gestantes participantes das coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 2004 e 2015, considerando a regulamentação implementada entre as duas coortes. Foram utilizados dados coletados no período perinatal dos dois estudos. O desfecho principal foi o uso de antibacterianos na gestação. As prevalências de uso foram descritas a partir de variáveis independentes e diferenças em pontos percentuais (p.p.) entre as duas coortes. A prevalência do uso de antibacterianos foi de 41,9% (IC95%: 40,4; 43,3) em 2004 e 39,2% (IC95%: 37,7; 40,6) em 2015. Considerando-se as gestantes que relataram ter infecção durante a gestação, observou-se maior redução de uso em 2015, quando comparado a 2004, nas gestantes mais pobres (-15,4p.p., IC95%: 9,59; 21,20) e naquelas que foram a menos consultas (-17,1p.p., IC95%: 2,81; 31,36). Houve redução na proporção de antibacterianos usados, considerando o total de medicamentos de 20,6% (IC95%: 19,9; 21,4) em 2004 para 12,6% (IC95%: 12,1; 13,1) em 2015. As reduções encontradas, tanto nas prevalências de uso quanto na proporção dos antibacterianos sobre o total de medicamentos utilizados, podem ser reflexo da política de regulamentação implementada em 2011.
Construção do referencial histórico-normativo do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família
Authors: Mattos Mauricio Pereira de , Gutiérrez Adriana Coser , Campos Gastão Wagner de Sousa
Published: August 2022

Resumo Este artigo discute a construção histórica do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF), a partir da análise de 17 documentos editados pelo Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 2005 e 2021. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de revisão documental que busca compreender como as normativas, cadernos instrutivos e notas técnicas oficiais vêm dando contorno ao modo de operar das equipes do NASF. Propõe-se a divisão do processo de construção do NASF em cinco períodos: movimentos antecedentes (2003 a 2007); diretrizes do apoio (2008 a 2011); universalização do NASF (2012 a 2015); ampliação do apoio (2016 a 2018); e o desmonte do NASF? (2019 a 2021). Os resultados apontam mudanças de orientação ao longo dos anos de existência da equipe, especialmente em relação ao conceito do apoio matricial e suas duas dimensões, técnico-pedagógica e clínico assistencial. O estudo demonstra ainda os efeitos do Programa Previne Brasil sobre o NASF, que se materializaram na redução de 379 equipes nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Soma-se a esse cenário a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2, que pode reposicionar as intervenções do NASF no Sistema Único de Saúde.
Os grandes marcos da saúde pública no Império e a vida cotidiana em São Paulo: 1820-1870
Authors: Mantovani Rafael
Published: August 2022

Resumo Este artigo pretende focar três preocupações da saúde pública do século XIX em São Paulo para demonstrar que os grandes marcos legislativos ou as importantes epidemias do período - tratados como decisivos pela historiografia - tiveram pouca ou nenhuma importância sobre os processos sociais que impulsionaram mudanças longe da capital. As três preocupações paulistanas que serão tratadas são a prisão, o cemitério e o comércio de víveres. Por se tratar de um raciocínio bastante divergente do que hoje se entende como saúde pública, o artigo iniciará com uma discussão acerca do pensamento sobre salubridade no século XIX, e também sobre o anacronismo que muitas vezes permeia os estudos a esse respeito. Em seguida, se focará sobre a prisão, que era uma questão de primeira ordem quanto à saúde pública no século XIX, e mais ainda em São Paulo (e possivelmente em todo o Brasil), onde havia um grande trânsito entre o interior das prisões e o espaço urbano. Logo após, será tratada a questão dos cemitérios, que se apresentava também como um tema muito importante de saúde pública, mas que esbarrava no poder eclesiástico e por isso gerava tensão. Por fim, a questão dos víveres, que era em São Paulo o item menos consoante com as demandas modernas de saúde.
Relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers
Authors: Santos Luís Eduardo Soares dos , Claro Maísa de Lima , Carvalho David de Sousa , Oliveira Edina Araújo Rodrigues , Silva Ana Roberta Vilarouca da , Machado Ana Larissa Gomes , Conde Wolney Lisboa , Lima Luisa Helena de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual maturation and anthropometric and blood pressure indicators in teenagers. This was a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with 345 teenagers, aged 10 to 19 years, between 2018 and 2020. In this study, data referent to sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, blood pressure, and sexual maturation were collected. The data analysis was performed by applying the Principle Component Analysis (PCA), which generated three components and then tested the correlation between sexual maturation and the generated components. Most of the teenagers were female (53%), normotensive (66.1%), and with a normal weight (73%). A positive correlation was found between breast development and component 1 and component 2, as well as a negative correlation between the breasts and component 3. In the boys, the development of genitals and pubic hair was positively correlated with component 2 and inversely correlated with component 3. It could therefore be concluded that there is a relationship between sexual maturation and the anthropometric and blood pressure indicators, which proved to be representative variables for cardiovascular risk in teenagers, even if not in their entirety.
Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: Christofoletti Marina , Streit Inês Amanda , Garcia Leandro Martin Totaro , Mendonça Gerfeson , Benedetti Tânia Rosane Bertoldo , Papini Camila Bosquiero , Borges Lucélia Justino , Binotto Maria Angélica , Silva-Júnior Fernando Lopes e
Published: August 2022

Abstract This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
Impact assessment of emergency care units on hospitalizations for respiratory system diseases in Brazil
Authors: Wink Junior Marcos Vinicio , Santos Fernanda Linhares dos , Hoffmann Micheline Gaia , Garcia Leandro Pereira
Published: August 2022

Abstract Emergency Care Units (UPAs) are part of a national health policy implemented by the Brazilian Government. UPAs are fixed prehospital components of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), whose purpose is to provide resolutive emergency care to patients suffering from acute clinical conditions, and to perform the first care in cases of surgical nature. According to the Ministry of Economy, 750 units are operational throughout the country since 2008, and 332 are under construction. Being a public policy in expansion, it is imperative to assess the impact of such units as part of SUS. However, we found few studies that assessed UPAs’ impact, which have examined their specific impact on mortality rates. In our research, we aimed to evaluate the impact of UPAs on hospitalization rates for diseases of the respiratory system. To measure the impact, we used a strategy of Machine Learning through the Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) algorithm. The results point to a decrease in the hospitalization rates by respiratory diseases due to Emergency Care Units. Therefore, these units generate a benefit for the Brazilian health system, being an important element for the care of patients with respiratory diseases.
Violência sexual: avaliação dos casos e da atenção às mulheres em unidades de saúde especializadas e não especializadas
Authors: Melo Cristiane Magalhães de , Soares Marcela Quaresma , Bevilacqua Paula Dias
Published: August 2022

Resumo Objetivou-se caracterizar os casos de violência sexual (VS) contra mulheres, em Minas Gerais-MG, investigando a associação entre a atenção prestada nos casos de estupro, ao tipo de unidade de saúde que realizou o atendimento (especializada ou não). Utilizou-se o Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, para dados referentes à notificação de VS entre mulheres (idade≥10 anos), ocorridos em 2017, e o Sistema Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, para informações sobre o tipo de unidade de saúde. A VS ocorreu, principalmente, entre mulheres abaixo de 29 anos (77,1%), negras (61,1%), solteiras (69,7%) e de baixa escolaridade (42,4%). O estupro foi a VS mais frequente (73,5%), sendo a maioria notificado até 72h após ocorrência. Para todos os procedimentos preconizados para situações agudas de estupro, houve associação entre o atendimento em unidade especializada e a maior chance de realização dos procedimentos previstos. Única exceção foi o aborto previsto em lei. Os resultados demostraram a importância da continuidade do investimento na qualificação e ampliação da rede de atenção à VS, e, também, a importância da melhor distribuição territorial das unidades de referência em MG.
Sexual violence: evaluation of cases and care for women in specialized and non-specialized health services
Authors: Melo Cristiane Magalhães de , Soares Marcela Quaresma , Bevilacqua Paula Dias
Published: August 2022

Abstract The objective was to characterize the cases of sexual violence (SV) against women in Minas Gerais state, associating the care provided in cases of rape with the type of health service that provided the care (specialized or not). The Notifiable Diseases Information System was used for data referring to the notification of SV among women (age ≥10 years old), which occurred in 2017, and the National Registry of Health Facilities for information on the type of health service. The SV occurred mainly among women under 29 years old (77.1%), blacks (61.1%), singles (69.7%), and with low education (42.4%). Rape was the most frequent SV (73.5%), with the majority being notified within 72 hours of the occurrence. For all the procedures recommended for acute situations of SV, there was an association between attendance at a specialized service and a greater chance of carrying out the planned procedures. The only exception was abortion permitted by law. The results demonstrated the importance of continuing investment in the qualification and expansion of the SV care network and the importance of a better territorial distribution of reference services in Minas Gerais.
Justiça organizacional e doença cardiometabólica: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Scalabrin Angela , Silva Andréa Tenório Correia da , Menezes Paulo Rossi
Published: August 2022

Resumo Os efeitos da justiça organizacional sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores têm sido investigados em diversas áreas de trabalho. Entretanto, a sistematização da informação disponível sobre os efeitos relacionados às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e à diabetes é escassa. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar sistematicamente a associação entre justiça organizacional e DCV e metabólica em trabalhadores adultos. A estratégia de busca incluiu os termos justiça organizacional, doença coronariana, doença cerebrovascular, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e DCV. As bases de dados investigadas foram MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pelo instrumento desenvolvido pelo National Institute of Health. Foram identificados 1.959 títulos. Após avaliação, foram selecionados oito estudos. Os indivíduos com percepção de justiça organizacional alta apresentaram menor risco de DCV e metabólica. Baixa justiça organizacional tem repercussões para a saúde cardiovascular e metabólica dos trabalhadores. A elaboração de estratégias para promover justiça organizacional deve ser priorizada para assim mitigar seus impactos para os trabalhadores e as instituições.
History of hysteria: Ilza Veith’s legacy
Authors: Schmidt Eder , Simanke Richard Theisen
Published: August 2022

The 1965 book Hysteria: The History of a Disease, by the German American historian Ilza Veith, certainly represented a milestone in the historiography of hysteria. Praised at first as an innovative work, unprecedented in its comprehensiveness and scholarship, it became, over time, object of multiple criticisms regarding its omissions, its psychoanalytic bias, and the teleological character of its approach. This article aims at pondering these contrasting assessments and discussing the historical significance of Veith’s work from a contemporary perspective. To this end, a brief overview of historical studies on hysteria before Veith is outlined. This overview is followed by a descriptive and critical presentation of her work, a discussion of certain aspects of its reception and, as conclusion, an evaluation of her contribution and legacy to this research field.
APPLICATION OF STATE-OF-THE-ART COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO STRENGTH TRAINING IN TENNIS INSTRUCTION
Authors: Pei Yanming , Chen Yadong , Qu Guangcai
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Strength training plays a unique role in improving muscle strength and stability in athletes. Initially used in rehabilitation, it is now widely used in competitive sports. Objective: To combat the problem of physical exercise capacity and body posture maintenance when tennis players complete several complex movements in training, this article reviews the research on strength training in various countries from the core concept. Methods: Based on the main bones, joints, and muscle groups in the core area, the kinematic characteristics, and the physiological mechanism of these muscle groups, the research model of applying strength training in teaching tennis was established. The application of state-of-the-art computer technology in strength training can be based on data feedback from athletes and their training in tennis training. It can be used for real-time or faster data processing and analysis: data processing is closer to the data source than in an external data center or done in the cloud to reduce lag time. Results: Based on the data, we can carry out the corresponding training plans to help the athletes win the championship. With the methods of literature review, experiment, and comparative analysis, this paper studies the influence of strength training on body shape characteristics, the impact of strength training on technical accuracy characteristics, and the effect of strength training on physical health indicators. Conclusion: The results show that the accuracy of the experimental data is improved by 20%, and the authenticity of the data is more robust, thus of practical value. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
IMPACT OF HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON BODY MASS INDEX IN COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Liu Gang
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to academic pressure, many college students feel unmotivated to exercise, leading to serious obesity problems. One of the effective resources for weight loss is high-intensity interval training, but there is no extensive research on the effect on this specific group. Objective: To explore the impact of high-intensity interval training on body fat index (BFI) in college students, analyzing the scientific basis and safety of this exercise training through heart rate indicators. Methods: Two experimental groups, MICT (moderate-intensity continuous training) and HIIT (high-intensity interval training), were compared. The HIIT group used stationary bicycles, according to the high-intensity interval training method. MICT is a moderate-intensity continuous training method, so the load was half that of the HIIT group. Results: The IGC of women after training was 22.81±2.87, the IGC was significantly reduced, and there was a very significant difference; the IGC of men after training was 22.74±2.12, the IGC was significantly reduced, and they very significant difference. This shows that the exercises have a good effect on weight loss. Conclusion: HIIT training is more effective, both in time and strength of adherence. It has a good effect on improving cardiopulmonary function, and optimizing IGC are strongly impacted. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS AND SPORTS INJURIES PREVENTION IN THE ELDERLY PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors: Sun Jingzhu
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical training for the elderly is extremely popular. However, there is a lack of analysis on sports injuries in the elderly. Objective: Study the analysis of movement in sports training techniques and preventing sports injuries in the elderly. Methods: Participating in a 15-minute running and warm-up activity before using the standard FMS test kit, they followed seven test movements, each repeated three times; they did so during six weeks of training based on the recommendations for the prevention of sports injuries presented in this paper. Results: Among the 14 elderly subjects with a total FMS score <14 points, most functional motor scores were 15-16 points, of which 19 points were high, and 9 points were low. In the intervention based on the perspective of sports injuries, the FMS measurement value of the elderly was much better than before, and the evaluation of the technical analysis of movement after the correction was significantly higher than before. Conclusion: The prevention of sports injuries proposed in this paper can effectively help the elderly to prevent sports injuries. This paper considers the FMS trial design as an example for analyzing movements in sports training of the elderly and formulating standards. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE METHODS ON THE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF OBESE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Shoujiang Wu
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: The unregulated development in the current life pattern has strengthened obesity among adolescents, and this problem is becoming more serious. Objective: Compare the impact of two exercise methods on the physical health of obese adolescents. Methods: 24 obese adolescents (12 females; BMI>30% ± 3%; age concentrated between 10 and 16 years) were selected and divided into group I and group II for a 4-week experimental study, and changes in physical fitness and function were recorded. Results: After four weeks of aerobic exercise control (group I), waist circumference, hip circumference, skinfold thickness, and abdominal fold thickness were significantly reduced in boys (p<0.05), and girls’ body shape indicators were significantly altered (p<0.05). After four weeks of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training (group II), the effects of weight, BMI, and body size were significant in boys and girls. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can effectively improve the physical problems of obese adolescents. Under the same external conditions, the effect of aerobic exercise was shown to be more effective when combined with resistance training in the physical improvement of the analyzed group. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
Histological examination of the young Oncorhynchus mykiss intestines using the feed with chelated and probiotic supplements
Authors: Simakov Y. G. , Ponomarev A. K. , Nikiforov-Nikishin D. L. , Kochetkov N. I.
Published: August 2022

Abstract Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies in the fish diet can affect fish growth rate, ability to resist disease, and fillet quality. Determination of effective dose of developed feed additives consisting of chelate compounds of biogenic elements and probiotic preparation based on Bacillus subtilis. Young rainbow trout were divided into four groups consisting of 100 fish each. The control group received standard food; the experimental groups received food with chelates and probiotics in different concentrations. At the end of the experiment (30 days), the middle intestine histology and morphometric parameters were studied. The use of chelated compounds alone affected the state of the intestinal villi and the infiltration of the epithelium by lymphocytes. The addition of a probiotic had a positive effect on the migration of immune cells in the intestinal villi; however, the probiotic in high concentrations contributed to a decrease in the number and area of goblet cells. Synergistic effects of chelated compounds and probiotic preparations on the morphometric parameters of the medium intestine were observed. In the proper doses, the studied feed additives might be recommended for rainbow trout farming under industrial aquaculture conditions.
Bioprospecting as a strategy for conservation and sustainable use of the Brazilian Flora
Authors: Silva Dulce Helena Siqueira , Mannochio-Russo Helena , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Bueno Paula Carolina Pires , Medina Rebeca Previate , Bolzani Vanderlan da Silva , Vilegas Wagner , Nunes Wilhan Donizete Gonçalves
Published: August 2022

Abstract In Brazil, research with natural products had a strong impulse when FAPESP supported the creation of the Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products of the Institute of Chemistry of USP (1966). In 1999, FAPESP launched the Research Program in the Characterization, Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity (BIOTA-FAPESP), which intensified the sustainable exploitation of biodiversity, and which evolved to form the Biota Network for Bioprospection and Bioassays (BIOprospecTA), which integrates groups from all over the country, optimizing the use of the skills already installed for the bioprospecting of microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates and marine organisms. Of the 104 projects related to plant sciences, 35 carried out bioprospection of Brazilian flora, belonging to the areas of Chemistry, Botany, Genetics, Plant Physiology, Plant Morphology, Plant (Chemo)taxonomy, Ecosystem Ecology, Plant Genetics. Physical Sciences, Forest Resources, Forestry Engineering, Agronomy, leading to thousands of publications, engagement of hundreds of students and a deeper understanding of natural products in different biological models through macromolecules analysis aided by computational and spectrometric strategies, in addition to pharmacological evaluations. The development of omics approaches led to a more comprehensive view of the chemical profile of an organism, and enabled integrated and concomitant studies of several samples, and faster annotation of known molecules, through the use of hyphenated and chemometric techniques, and molecular networking. This also helped to overcome the lack of information on the safety and efficacy of herbal preparations, in projects dealing with the standardization of herbal products, according to international standards. The BIOTA-FAPESP program has also focused on environmental aspects, in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and has had positive effects on international collaboration, on the number and impact of scientific publications and on partnership with companies, a crucial step to add value and expand the production chain of bioproducts. Also, the compilation, systematization and sharing of data were contemplated with the creation of the NUBBEDB database, of free access, and that integrates with international databases (ACD/labs, American Chemical Society – ACS), helping researchers and companies in the development from different areas of science, technology, strengthening the bioeconomy and subsidizing public policies.
PROPERTIES OF CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER BONDED WITH AN ADHESIVE BASED ON TANNINS FROM THE BARK OF Mimosa tenuiflora TREES
Authors: Silva Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da , Ucella-Filho João Gilberto Meza , Souza Elias Costa de , Costa Thalles Luiz Negreiros da , Azevêdo Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de , Mori Fábio Akira , Pimenta Alexandre Santos
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the concentration of condensed tannins in the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir trees. Additionally, the physical-mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels bonded with an adhesive based on M. tenuiflora tannins were assessed. Bark was collected from five trees. The adhesive formulation was synthesized by mixing powdered tannins, paraformaldehyde, and water at 50 °C under continuous stirring. Bark tannins extract in its pristine state without any previous chemical treatment or modification was employed to synthesize the adhesive. Viscosity, pH, solids content, and gel time of the adhesive formulation were determined. CLT panels were manufactured with Eucalyptus spp. wood. The bonding performance was assessed by determining the physical (apparent density and water absorption) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity – MOE, modulus of rupture – MOR, and shear strength) properties of the CLT panels. Condensed tannins content in the M. tenuiflora bark was 23.4%. Adhesive properties were pH = 3.93, TS of 50.64%, gel time of 460 s, and 6,000 cP for viscosity. Values of MOE, MOR and shear strength were 4,411, 16.18, and 1.06 MPa, respectively. The M. tenuiflora tannins are promising for the formulation of adhesives to bond CLT.
Representações da beleza feminina: C&A Brasil e Portugal (Primavera/Verão 2018)
Authors: Oliveira Hadassa Guimarães , Lapa Tiago José
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar e analisar a maneira como foram abordadas as formas da beleza feminina nas campanhas de Primavera/Verão 2018 das páginas do Facebook da empresa varejista do segmento de moda, C&A, no Brasil e em Portugal. A questão-chave está em compreender como a empresa abordou a beleza feminina diante do público feminino, no qual foram englobadas mulheres e pessoas que se identifiquem como femininas, em ambos os países. O método de análise é de cunho exploratório, e quali-quantitativo, aplicando-se a análise de conteúdo relativamente às imagens presentes nas campanhas selecionadas, categorizando elementos para fins de comparação entre elas. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciaram que a empresa buscou sutilmente representar a diversidade das diferentes formas da beleza feminina e que ainda não abordou uma inclusão mais evidente dessa representatividade.
O conceito de classe social no feminismo camponês e popular
Authors: Paulilo Maria Ignez Silveira
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Um dos objetivos deste texto foi mostrar que o uso do conceito de classe social pelo feminismo camponês, feminismo este elaborado e defendido no Brasil pelo Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas - MMC, se faz de maneira legítima, porém é um feminismo pouco reconhecido mesmo pela esquerda. A produção marxista sobre o campesinato posterior às obras de Kautsky e Lenin, ambas de 1899, que indicavam um desaparecimento desse tipo de agricultores, não defende mais essa premissa. O campesinato não só permanece em diferentes formações sociais, sejam capitalistas ou socialistas, como imprimem sua marca no entorno mais amplo. Para Theodor Shanin, eles se constituem em uma ‘classe política’, por sua capacidade de lutar por suas demandas. Outro objetivo foi mostrar uma nova perspectiva de feminismo, defendida por Silvia Federici, que, mesmo não classista, constitui-se em uma forma de luta anticapitalista e, nesse sentido, se aproxima do feminismo camponês. Como método, procuramos ver pontos comuns ou passíveis de diálogo na produção marxista recente das militantes do MMC, na produção acadêmica e na das organizações que discutem este tema. Concluímos que um diálogo entre as várias perspectivas é urgente.
Pornografia e atos de fala: a perspectiva de Catharine MacKinnon
Authors: Bercht Gabriela
Published: August 2022

Resumo: Sabendo da importância que os debates em torno da questão pornográfica possuem para os feminismos históricos e contemporâneos, tomamos a obra Only Words (1993), de Catharine MacKinnon, como foco. Através de análise interpretativa, buscamos reconstruir a argumentação da autora sobre a forma como a pornografia opera e quais suas consequências para as experiências das mulheres no mundo real. Enfatizamos em nossa análise a importância da teoria dos atos de fala de John Austin (1962) para a constituição do pensamento da autora. Por fim, buscamos demonstrar que em alguns aspectos a teoria de Austin parece garantir a coerência interna das ideias de MacKinnon.
The ability of patients with Parkinson’s disease to recognize masked faces during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aydemir Sabiha Tezcan , Kumcu Müge Kuzu , Çelik Nazlı Durmaz , Bakirarar Batuhan , Özkan Serhat , Akbostancı Muhittin Cenk
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT. Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) have face recognition difficulties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the difficulties of PwP in recognizing masked faces during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 64 PwP, 58 age-matched older healthy controls (OHCs), and 61 younger healthy controls (YHCs) were included in the study. The Benton Face Recognition Test - short form (BFRT-sf) and the 13-item questionnaire on face recognition difficulties due to masks during the pandemic developed by the authors were applied to all three study groups. Results: Both the PwP and OHC groups scored worse in BFRT-sf when compared with the YHC group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The number of those who had difficulty in recognizing people seen every day and the number of those who asked people to remove their masks because they did not recognize them were higher in the PWP group (p=0.026 and p=0.002, respectively). The number of individuals who looked at the posture and gait of people when they did not recognize their masked faces and those who stated that this difficulty affected their daily lives were higher in the OHC group (p=0.002 and p=0.009, respectively). The number of participants whose difficulty in recognizing masked faces decreased over time was higher in the YHC group (p=0.003). Conclusions: The PwP group demonstrated similar performance to their peers but differed from the YHC group in recognizing masked faces. Knowing difficulties experienced by elderly people in recognizing people who are masked can increase awareness on this issue and enhance their social interaction in pandemic conditions through measures to be taken.
THE MULTIPLE LENSES OF STUDYING AND APPROACHING LEADERSHIP
Authors: Souza Renato , Wood Jr Thomaz
Published: August 2022

Abstract This article discusses the multiple forms of studying and approaching leadership with a particular interest in recent theoretical and empirical studies from Brazilian scholarship on the topic. The article reviews what we denote as the three main lenses of leadership: individual leader(ship), followership, and collective leadership. The article's typology epitomises the essential view of each lens and its historical treatment. We use this discussion about the three lenses to analyse the scientific literature on leadership in Brazilian scientific journals from 2016 to 2021. The systematic literature review of 32 articles reveals emphasis on the first lens, the focus on individual leaders, normally those in positions of authority, and the idea that leadership is a vertical and hierarchical activity rather than a collectivistic phenomenon. The article concludes by highlighting opportunities for empirical inquiry into more contemporary collective leadership research in Brazilian organisations.
Efficiency of soluble and insoluble sources of manganese for soybean nutrition in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Migliavacca Rafaela Alenbrant , Ferraz-Almeida Risely , Gomes Marcos Henrique Feresin , Almeida Eduardo de , Carvalho Hudson Wallace Pereira de , Otto Rafael
Published: August 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of sources and rates of soluble (MnSO4.H2O) and insoluble (MnCO3) manganese on the processes of uptake, transport, and redistribution of this nutrient in soybean, as well as on crop yield, in Cerrado soil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks in a 4×2 factorial arrangement – four rates (150, 250, 350, and 450 g ha−1) × two sources (MnSO4.H2O and MnCO3) of Mn –, with four replicates. In the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, foliar fertilizations were carried out on the third trifoliate leaflet, and Mn content and soybean yield were evaluated. In both crop seasons, Mn foliar fertilization increased the contents of the nutrient in leaves, stems, and grains, but did not affect grain yield and dry matter production. The maximum Mn contents in leaves were obtained with rates between 150 and 450 g ha−1. The fertilization with MnSO4.H2O increased Mn uptake, transport, and redistribution in the plant, with a performance superior to that of MnCO3. Foliar fertilization with MnSO4.H2O in soybean, in a Cerrado soil, increases Mn contents in the leaves but not yield and dry matter production.
Regulatory T Cell Therapeutics for Neuroinflammatory Disorders
Authors: Harkins Ashley L. , Kopec Acadia L. , Keeler Allison M.
Published: August 2022

A delicate balance of immune regulation exists in the central nervous system (CNS) that is often dysreg-ulated in neurological diseases, making them complicated to treat. With altered immune surveillance in the diseased or injured CNS, signals that are beneficial in the homeostatic CNS can be disrupted and lead to neuroinflammation. Recent advances in niche immune cell subsets have provided insight into the complicated cross-talk between the nervous system and the immune system. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells that are capable of suppressing effector T-cell activation and regulating immune tolerance, and play an important role in neuroprotection. Tregs have been shown to be effective therapies in a variety of immune-related disorders including, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as within the CNS. Recently, significant advancements in engineering T cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have led to several approved therapies suggesting the safety and efficacy for similar engineered Treg therapies. Further, as understanding of the immune system's role in neuroinflammation has progressed, Tregs have recently become a potential therapeutic in the neurology space. In this review, we discuss Tregs and their evolving role as therapies for neuroinflammatory related disorders.
PROPPANT MIGRATION WITHIN A ROUGH HYDRAULIC FRACTURE
Authors: He Xiaodong , Wei Dongya , Yu Huiyong , Bai Bingyang , Chen Ang , Liang Tianbo
Published: August 2022

Hydraulic fracturing creates a fracture network that enhances the hydrocarbon flow from the tight reservoir where the proppant migration determines the conductivity of the propped fracture, and thus, the well productivity. Core observations from the Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (HFTS) show that hydraulic fractures are denser than initially designed and most of them are not well propped. Understanding the proppant migration in the thin and rough fracture is crucial to the optimization of the pumping scheme in the field. In this work, a transparent rough fracture model is duplicated from a hydraulically fractured outcrop by the epoxy resin with the dimension 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm. The settling rate of sands is quantified in this rough fracture model under different mimicked pumping conditions, from which a model is built to help estimate the growth of propped hydraulic fracture under different pumping rates, sand ratios, sand diameters, and fracturing time during field operations. The model corrects the classic Stokes' law for proppant settlement within a narrow and rough fracture. Results indicate that the equilibrium height and migration rate of the sandbank increase with the sand ratio and decrease with the pumping rate. After being compared with results obtained from Fluent simulations, a numerical model is further proposed to predict the growth of a propped fracture in the field scale.
Uphill excavation of an escalator barrel between operational underground platforms
Authors: Kumpfmueller Sebastian , Nasekhian Ali , Dryden Paul
Published: August 2022

A new underground triple escalator has been provided at Bank Station in London as part of a major capacity upgrade project. Unusually, the inclined escalator tunnel was excavated uphill rather than downhill due to restricted access. Using a sprayed-concrete lining and no pilot tunnel, it was a first in the UK for a triple escalator. The new escalator intercepted several existing structures which had to be backfilled and then broken out, some just 0.5 m from operational Tube lines. This paper sets out design considerations, construction sequence decisions and operational risk management, and discusses the existing assets’ response to uphill tunnelling based on a comprehensive monitoring scheme.