bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical Cancer Diagnostics Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Class Balancing Techniques
Authors: Glučina Matko , Lorencin Ariana , Anđelić Nikola , Lorencin Ivan
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Cervical cancer is present in most cases of squamous cell carcinoma. In most cases, it is the result of an infection with human papillomavirus or adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is the third most common cancer of the female reproductive organs. The risk groups for cervical cancer are mostly younger women who frequently change partners, have early sexual intercourse, are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), and who are nicotine addicts. In most cases, the cancer is asymptomatic until it has progressed to the later stages. Cervical cancer screening rates are low, especially in developing countries and in some minority groups. Due to these facts, the introduction of a tentative cervical cancer screening based on a questionnaire can enable more diagnoses of cervical cancer in the initial stages of the disease. Methods: In this research, publicly available cervical cancer data collected on 859 female patients are used. Each sample consists of 36 input attributes and four different outputs Hinselmann, Schiller, cytology, and biopsy. Due to the significant unbalance of the data set, class balancing techniques were used, and these are the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, the ADAptive SYNthetic algorithm (ADASYN), SMOTEEN, random oversampling, and SMOTETOMEK. To obtain the mentioned target outputs, multiple artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods are proposed. In this research, multiple classification algorithms such as logistic regression, multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and several naive Bayes methods were used. Results: From the achieved results, it can be seen that the highest performances were achieved if MLP and KNN are used in combination with Random oversampling, SMOTEEN, and SMOTETOMEK. Such an approach has resulted in mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC¯) and mean Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC¯) scores of higher than 0.95, regardless of which diagnostic method was used for output vector construction. Conclusions: According to the presented results, it can be concluded that there is a possibility for the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques for the development of a tentative cervical cancer screening method, which is based on a questionnaire and an AI-based algorithm. Furthermore, it can be concluded that by using class balancing techniques, a certain performance boost can be achieved.
Experimental Analysis of Transseptal Puncture to Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Fossa Ovalis
Authors: Manavi Tejaswini , Ijaz Masooma , Soleimani Sajjad , Zafar Junaid , Sharif Faisal , Zafar Haroon
Published: January 2023

Background/Objective: Optimization of needle characteristics for trans-septal puncture is of paramount importance to reduce the extent of tissue deformation. This was achieved by studying the mechanical behavior of fossa ovalis (FO) in lamb hearts. The fossa ovalis tissue samples obtained after dissection were subjected to experimental indentation and tensile tests to determine tissue deformation. Methods: Lamb hearts (n = 20) were dissected to obtain fossa ovalis tissue samples. These were subjected to indentation and tensile tests to determine the puncture and rupture forces respectively. Indentation tests were performed using two different indenters: A steel indenter with a hemispherical tip and a Brockenbrough (BRK) needle (bevel tip). Tensile tests were formed using Zwick Roell (Z005) tensile machine at 100 N load cell. ImageJ analysis was also performed to determine the diameter and shape of FO. Results: Indentation results demonstrated that the hemispherical indenter requires a greater punch force compared to the puncture force with the BRK needle. The mean punch force of the hemispherical indenter (15.57 N) was nearly 3 times greater than the puncture force of the BRK needle (5.47 N). Variations between the two indenters provide an insight into the importance of device geometry on trans-septal procedures. The tensile test results illustrated a typical failure pattern with a toe region, linear region, and failure region. The mean rupture force determined was 10.51 N. ImageJ analysis confirmed an oval shape of FO and the diameters measured were in the range 9.0–15.3 mm. Conclusions: The mechanical aspects of fossa ovalis in lamb hearts were successfully studied through a series of experimental indentation and tensile tests. This study serves as a guide to dissecting the challenging FO sample. The procedures for indentation and tensile tests are detailed with common experimental challenges encountered addressed. The correlation of the parameters involved in these experimental tests to the collagen fiber orientation in tissues is also discussed, providing an insight into the deformation of tissues and variations in fiber orientation before and after trans-septal procedures.
Performance Improvement of an NMP Mini Segway Using Sample and Hold Inputs
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Zhu Guoming
Published: January 2023

Early analytical work showed that it is possible to discretize a continuous-time non-minimum phase (NMP) system using special sample and hold inputs (SHIs) and obtain a discrete-time minimum phase (MP) system with a higher sampling rate than that of conventional zero-order sample and hold. As a result, high-gain discrete-time control law can be used to further improve closed-loop system performance since the resulting discrete-time system is MP. In this paper, this technique is adopted for performance improvement on a mini-Segway (MS), a developed robot equipped with an extremely low-cost microcontroller (Arduino). A dual-loop control tuning method was developed to optimize the overall closed-loop system performance. The system performance improvement is demonstrated by the reduction of the mini-Segway oscillation magnitude under idle conditions. The experimental results show that the low-cost microcontroller can be used for the dual-loop SHI control scheme, and the MS cart displacement oscillation magnitude is significantly reduced by more than 65% over the baseline controller. The main contribution of this paper is implementing the proposed sample and hold input (SHI) scheme into an extremely low-cost micro-controller (Arduino) and demonstrating that low-cost microcontrollers can effectively utilize the proposed SHI.
Antioxidant Properties of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Tea and Herb Water Extracts
Authors: Sentkowska Aleksandra , Pyrzyńska Krystyna
Published: January 2023

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are the object of great interest due to their potential to be used in many areas of industry and medicine. Work is still underway on their synthesis methods; however, green methodologies are becoming more and more popular. In this study, aqueous extracts of black and green tea as well as infusions of popular herbs such as chamomile and mint were used in the synthesis of SeNPs serving as the Se(IV) reducers to its nano form. The influence of the reagents concentration ratios on the properties of the obtained nanoparticles were examined. SeNPs showed a greater ability to neutralize hydroxyl radicals compared to tea extracts. It has been proven that in the infusion of selenium-containing tea, the formation of SeNPs occurs.
One-Step Synthesis of Functional Sulfonated Polynaphthoylenebenzimidazoles for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Bulycheva Elena G. , Belomoina Natalya M. , Begunov Roman S. , Nikiforova Galina G. , Vasil’ev Viktor G. , Gainutdinov Radmir V. , Yablokov Mikhail Yu. , Buzin Alexander I. , Buzin Mikhail I.
Published: January 2023

Polynaphthoylenebenzimidazoles containing functional sulfo groups were synthesized by a one-step method in a sulfuric acid medium with oleum. A polymer-analogous transformation of these polymers with aqueous solutions of metal salts (K, Ca, and Cr) was carried out. Their chemical structure was characterized by FTIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Polymer salt coatings were deposited on QCM sensor surfaces by electron beam-induced vacuum deposition. The morphology of the coatings was characterized by AFM. It was shown that the coatings formed from a series of polymer salts have different adsorption activity in acetaminophen–water solution compared to distilled water. The QCM results indicate that sensor signal correlates with polymer coating thickness, morphology, and its chemical composition.
The Role of Renewable Energy Sources and Industry 4.0 Focus for Africa: A Review
Authors: Ukoba Kingsley , Kunene Thokozani Justin , Harmse Pieter , Lukong Valantine Takwa , Chien Jen Tien
Published: January 2023

The fourth industrial revolution presents an upspring opportunity for the African continent to adopt technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, internet-enabled industrial platforms, 3D printing, robotics, nanotechnology, and blockchains. This is more so because the past three industrial revolutions saw the African continent being left out of its opportunities despite its affluent population and natural resources. Africa stands to benefit from industrial development, digitalization, and greater integration, which would result in more excellent opportunities for the growing youthful populations. However, for the digital transformation strategy and other key industry 4.0 opportunities to be successful, reliable infrastructure, affordable and stable electricity, and greater awareness are critical and imperative. This review examines the possible energy options that the continent of Africa can explore and implement for the successful deployment of Industry 4.0. The impact, difficulties, and opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution technologies on African development are discussed. Also discussed are various forms of renewable energy options based on Africa’s geographic location. This review will assist researchers and policymakers in implementing Industry 4.0 in Africa.
Self-Sensing Six-Phase PMSM Drive Based on Back-EMF Measurement
Authors: Furmanik Marek , Makys Pavol , Rafajdus Pavol
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a novel procedure for the emergency sensorless operation of a six-phase electric drive. More degrees of freedom provided by multiphase technology have been utilized to determine the rotor flux position. The proposed technique is based on the direct measurement of the back EMF generated on a disconnected three-phase winding of a six-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The method is suitable for the emergency operation of an electric drive in the case of speed/position sensor failure. The proposed solution has been verified utilizing a six-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine with a displacement of 30° between two three-phase sets of the stator winding and a power of 1 kW.
An Update to a Comprehensive Assessment of the Methods and Effectiveness of Resistance Training in Normobaric Hypoxia for the Development of Strength and Muscular Hypertrophy
Authors: Gamonales José M. , Rojas-Valverde Daniel , Vásquez Josué , Martínez-Guardado Ismael , Azofeifa-Mora Christian , Sánchez-Ureña Braulio , Ibáñez Sergio J.
Published: January 2023

Background. Training muscle capacities in hypoxic conditions increases some manifestations, such as hypertrophy and muscle strength, due to a change in the muscle phenotype as a result of the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Despite the proven benefits of resistance training in hypoxic conditions that allow conjecture regarding the effectiveness in facilitating muscular capacities in different populations, there is still controversy regarding the difference between resistance training in hypoxia and normoxia. The objective of this review was to compile the present evidence and update the methods and effectiveness of resistance training in simulated hypoxia for the development of strength and muscle hypertrophy. Methodology. A systematic search for an integrative review was carried out based on the preferred reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) in 4 stages: identification, data selection, data collection and extraction, and quality evolution. Results. Four studies (92 participants) reported benefits in strength when training in hypoxia, three (101 participants) benefits in hypertrophy, and twelve (327 participants) benefits in strength and hypertrophy. Conclusion. Based on the findings of this systematic review, it is concluded that there are positive effects on muscle size and ability to generate force after a hypoxic training programme. However, some studies did not show a statistically greater benefit than for the normoxia groups, but several methodologies have been identified that promote the benefits of hypoxia.
Research on the Economic Optimization of an Electric–Gas Integrated Energy System Considering Energy Storage Life Attenuation
Authors: Zhang Huizhi , Dang Weihong , Jia Rong , Dang Jian
Published: January 2023

Battery storage is one of the important units in the optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems. To give full play to the advantages of battery storage in stabilizing power quality and smoothing the output of intermittent new energy generation, the battery life decay problem needs to be considered in optimal scheduling. In this paper, we studied the energy storage life decay model and established an electric–gas integrated energy system model considering energy storage life decay to minimize the economic cost of system operations and to compare the optimal dispatch results with and without energy storage life decay through simulation analysis to verify the rationality and economy of the energy storage life decay model used in this paper.
A Computer Vision-Based Quality Assessment Technique for R2R Printed Silver Conductors on Flexible Plastic Substrates
Authors: Amini Amin , Gan Tat-Hean
Published: January 2023

The demand for flexible large-area optoelectronic devices has been growing significantly during recent years. Roll-to-roll (R2R) printing facilitates the cost-efficient industrial production of different optoelectronic devices. Nonetheless, the performance of these devices is highly dependent on the printing quality and number of defects of R2R printed conductors. The image processing technique is an efficient nondestructive testing (NDT) methodology used to detect such defects. In this study, a computer vision-based assessment tool was utilized to visualize R2R printed silver conductors’ defects on flexible plastic substrates. A multistage defect detection technique was proposed to detect and classify both printing-induced defects and imperfections as well as the misalignment of the printed conductors with respect to the reference design. The method proved to be a very reliable approach that can be used independently or in conjunction with electrical testing methods for quality assurance purposes during the production of R2R prints.
Computational Study of the Physical Properties of a High Temperature Molten Salt Mixture of FLiNaK and CeF3
Authors: Galashev Alexander
Published: January 2023

In this work, we study the diffusion characteristics and structure of the molten salt FLiNaK with dissolved CeF3 in the operating temperature range of the molten-salt reactor. The temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficients of the ions that make up the salt mixture is represented with good accuracy as a linear dependence, except for the case of self-diffusion of Ce ions. As a rule, Li and F ions are more mobile than Na and K ions and significantly more so than slow Ce ions. The coordination numbers and their increase upon dissolution of CeF3 in FLiNaK were determined based on the calculation of partial radial distribution functions. The detailed structure of the melt is studied based on the construction of Voronoi polyhedra. The obtained topological characteristics indicate a predominantly tetrahedral type of distribution of Ce ions over the bulk of the system. Rotational symmetry of the 5th order prevails in the structure of the Li and F subsystems, and symmetries of the 3rd and 4th orders prevail in the Na and K subsystems, respectively. The simulation results can be used to search for actinide, which can be replaced by cerium in real experiments.
A Novel Interval Iterative Multi-Thresholding Algorithm Based on Hybrid Spatial Filter and Region Growing for Medical Brain MR Images
Authors: Feng Yuncong , Liu Yunfei , Liu Zhicheng , Liu Wanru , Yao Qingan , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: January 2023

Medical image segmentation is widely used in clinical medicine, and the accuracy of the segmentation algorithm will affect the diagnosis results and treatment plans. However, manual segmentation of medical images requires extensive experience and knowledge, and it is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. To overcome the problems above, we propose a novel interval iterative multi-thresholding segmentation algorithm based on hybrid spatial filter and region growing for medical brain MR images. First, a hybrid spatial filter is designed to perform on the original image, which can make full use of the spatial information while denoising. Second, the interval iterative Otsu method based on region growing is proposed to segment the original image and its filtering layer. The initial thresholds can be quickly obtained by region growing algorithm, which can reduce the time complexity. The interval iterative algorithm is used to optimize the thresholds. Finally, a weighted strategy is used to refine the segmentation results. The segmentation results of our proposed algorithm outperform other comparison algorithms in both subjective and objective evaluations. Subjectively, the obtained segmentation results have clear edges, complete and consistent regions. We use the uniformity measure (U) for objective evaluation, and the U value is significantly higher than other comparison algorithms. The proposed algorithm achieved an average U value of 0.9854 across all test images. The proposed algorithm can segment medical images well and expand the doctor’s ability to utilize medical images.
Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of Architecture in 2022
Authors:   Architecture Editorial Office
Published: January 2023

High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]
Diagnostic Accuracy of Slow-Capillary Endobronchial Ultrasound Needle Aspiration in Determining PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zuccatosta Lina , Mei Federico , Sediari Michele , Di Marco Berardino Alessandro , Bonifazi Martina , Barbisan Francesca , Goteri Gaia , Gasparini Stefano , Gonnelli Francesca
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The role of EBUS-TBNA in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer is well established. EBUS-TBNA can be performed using different aspiration techniques. The most common aspiration technique is known as “suction”. One alternative to the suction technique is the slow-pull capillary aspiration. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have assessed the diagnostic yield of slow-pull capillary EBUS-TBNA in PD-L1 amplification assessment in NSCLC. Herein, we conducted a single-centre retrospective study to establish the diagnostic yield of slow-pull capillary EBUS-TBNA in terms of PD-L1 in patients with NSCLC and hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathies subsequent to NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Patients with hilar and/or mediastinal lymph node (LN) NSCLC metastasis, diagnosed by EBUS-TBNA between January 2021 and April 2022 at Pulmonology Unit of “Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona” (Ancona, Italy) were enrolled. We evaluated patient characteristics, including demographic information, CT scan/ FDG-PET features and final histological diagnoses, including PD-L1 assessment. Results: A total of 174 patients underwent EBUS-TBNA for diagnosis of hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathies between January 2021 and April 2022 in the Interventional Pulmonology Unit of the “Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona”. Slow-pull capillary aspiration was adopted in 60 patients (34.5%), and in 30/60 patients (50.0%) NSCLC was diagnosed. EBUS-TBNA with slow-pull capillary aspiration provided adequate sampling for molecular biology and PD-L1 testing in 96.7% of patients (29/30); in 15/29 (51.7%) samples with more than 1000 viable cells/HPF were identified, whereas in 14/29 (48.3%) samples contained 101–1000 viable cells/HPF. Conclusion: These retrospective study shows that slow-pull capillary aspiration carries an excellent diagnostic accuracy, almost equal to that one reported in literature, supporting its use in EBUS-TBNA for PD-L1 testing in NSCLC.
Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter from Boiling Food
Authors: Zhao Yujiao , Wang Mengyao , Tao Pengfei , Qiu Guozhi , Lu Xueying
Published: January 2023

Cooking food in water or soup, such as hot pot, is a widely used cooking method in China. This type of cooking requires no oil and cooks at a lower temperature, but that does not mean it produces fewer pollutants or is less harmful. There are few research studies on the emission characteristics and mechanisms of particulate matter emissions when eating hot pot (the boiling process), which leads to the unreasonable design of ventilation systems for this kind of catering. In this paper, the effects of boiling different ingredients (including noodles, potatoes, fish, tofu, meatballs, and pork) on particle number concentration emissions were studied. The particle number concentration and particle size distribution of PM with diameters of 0.3 μm and less, 0.3–0.5 μm and 0.5–1.0 μm (PM0.3, PM0.3–0.5 and PM0.5–1.0, respectively) were measured in an experimental chamber. The food type and shape showed very little change in the PM emission characteristics of boiling. When the boiling state was reached, the number concentration, particle size distribution, and arithmetic mean diameter of particles all fluctuated within 60 s. The emission characteristics of particles produced by boiling water and heating oil were compared. Heating oil produced more small particles, and boiling water released more large particles. Transient and steady methods were used to calculate the emission rate of particles, and the steady-state calculation has a high estimation of the emission rate.
The Lateral Boundary Perturbations Growth and Their Dependence on the Forcing Types of Severe Convection in Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Zhang Lu , Min Jinzhong , Zhuang Xiaoran , Wang Shizhang , Qiao Xiaoshi
Published: January 2023

The application of lateral boundary perturbations (LBPs) helps to restore dispersion in convection-allowing ensemble forecasts (CAEFs). However, the applicability of LBPs remains unclear because of the differences between convection systems. Short-range (24 h) ensemble forecasts are carried out to explore this issue with a strong-forcing (SF) case and a weak-forcing (WF) case in East China. The dependence of LBPs on the forcing types of severe convection is investigated regarding the forecast error growth caused by the lateral boundary conditions (LBCs). The results show that the LBPs mainly influence the SF case rather than the WF case, especially after a 12-h forecast. The large-scale errors dominate in the SF case because the change in the synoptic-scale system affects the forecast error evolution. In contrast, the large-scale errors are mainly derived from the upscaling of the small-scale errors in the WF case, indicating that using LBPs is only insufficient in such a case. In sensitivity experiments that vary the magnitude of LBPs from 10% to 150% of its original value, CAEFs demonstrate more sensitive to LBPs in the SF case than in the WF case, indicating that the WF case has intrinsically limited predictability. Overall, LBPs are more suitable for the SF case, while additional perturbations from other sources are required for CAEFs in the WF case because of the limits of intrinsic predictability.
A Superbundle Description of Differential K-Theory
Authors: Lee Jae Min , Park Byungdo
Published: January 2023

We construct a model of differential K-theory using superbundles with a Z/2Z-graded connection and a differential form on the base manifold and prove that our model is isomorphic to the Freed–Lott–Klonoff model of differential K-theory.
Henri Poincaré’s Comment on Calculus and Albert Einstein’s Comment on Entropy: Mathematical Physics on the Tenth Anniversary of Axioms
Authors: Haubold Hans J.
Published: January 2023

This Special Issue of the journal Axioms collates submissions in which the authors report their perceptions and results in the field of mathematical physics and/or physical mathematics without any preconditions of the specific research topic [...]
Improving Cycle Life of Silicon-Dominant Anodes Based on Microscale Silicon Particles under Partial Lithiation
Authors: Haufe Stefan , Ranninger Johanna , Bernhard Rebecca , Buchberger Irmgard , Hanelt Eckhard
Published: January 2023

Using only parts of the maximum capacity of silicon microparticles in a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode represents a promising material concept. The high capacity, better rate capability compared with graphite and accessibility on an industrial scale, as well as its attractive cost make microsilicon an ideal choice for the next generation anode material. However, currently the cycle life of LIBs using silicon particles in the anode is limited due to drastic volume change of Si during lithiation and delithiation. Continuous formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the associated lithium loss are the main failure mechanisms, while particle decoupling from the conductive network plays a role mainly during operation at low discharge voltages. The present study discusses approaches on the material- and cell-level to enhance cycle performance of partially lithiated silicon microparticle-based full cells by addressing the previously described failure mechanisms. Reducing the surface area of the silicon particles and coating their surface with carbon to improve the electronic contact, as well as prelithiation to compensate for lithium losses have proven to be the most promising approaches. The advantageous combination of these routes resulted in a significant increase in cycling stability exceeding 600 cycles with 80% capacity retention at an initial capacity of about 1000 mAh g−1 at anode level, compared to only about 250 cycles for the non-optimized full cell.
Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring Device Communicating in 5G ISM Band for IoHT
Authors: Marasco Ilaria , Niro Giovanni , Demir Suleyman Mahircan , Marzano Lorenzo , Fachechi Luca , Rizzi Francesco , Demarchi Danilo , Motto Ros Paolo , D’Orazio Antonella , Grande Marco , De Vittorio Massimo
Published: January 2023

Advances in wearable device technology pave the way for wireless health monitoring for medical and non-medical applications. In this work, we present a wearable heart rate monitoring platform communicating in the sub-6GHz 5G ISM band. The proposed device is composed of an Aluminium Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric sensor, a patch antenna, and a custom printed circuit board (PCB) for data acquisition and transmission. The experimental results show that the presented system can acquire heart rate together with diastolic and systolic duration, which are related to heart relaxation and contraction, respectively, from the posterior tibial artery. The overall system dimension is 20 mm by 40 mm, and the total weight is 20 g, making this device suitable for daily utilization. Furthermore, the system allows the simultaneous monitoring of multiple subjects, or a single patient from multiple body locations by using only one reader. The promising results demonstrate that the proposed system is applicable to the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT), and particularly Integrated Clinical Environment (ICE) applications.
Physical, Chemical and Functional Attributes of Neera Honey Infused Extrudates
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Joseph Liya T. , Manikantan M. R. , Khanashyam Anandu Chandra , Beegum P. P. Shameena , Ramesh S. V. , Balasubramanian D. , Neenu S. , Gopal Murali , Mathew A. C. , Hebbar K. B.
Published: January 2023

Owing to the demand for the consumption of healthy extrudates, this study explored the infusion of neera (coconut inflorescence sap) honey in rice flour, corn flour and coconut milk residue blend-based extrudates. Neera honey, the concentrated coconut inflorescence sap, has numerous nutrients and a natural source of essential vitamins. Hence, the potential of neera honey as a biofortifying compound for the production of healthy extrudates was investigated. The rice and corn based extrudates supplemented with different concentration of neera honey have been prepared until the mix reaches 16 and 20% (w.b.) of feed moisture. Effect of addition of neera honey on the physical properties (expansion ratio, bulk density, specific length), functional properties (water absorption, water solubility, oil absorption), biochemical properties (total carbohydrates, total sugar, reducing sugar, phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants), color parameters(L*, a*, b*), proximate compositions (moisture content, ash, protein, fat) and mineral profile of extrudates were recorded. Results suggest that addition of neera honey had a significant (p ˂ 0.05) impact on all the physico-chemical parameters evaluated. Incorporation of neera honey (feed moisture −20%) resulted in extrudates with less expansion, high bulk density and specific length, having high sugar, protein, phenolics, vitamin C and antioxidant activity. The combination of 60% rice flour + 25% corn flour +15% coconut milk residue samples infused with neera honey upto 16% feed moisture was found suitable for the preparation of nutritious extrudates based on functional characterization and minerals evaluation.
Chemical- and Drug-Induced Allergic, Inflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases Via Haptenation
Authors: Sakamoto Eri , Katahira Yasuhiro , Mizoguchi Izuru , Watanabe Aruma , Furusaka Yuma , Sekine Ami , Yamagishi Miu , Sonoda Jukito , Miyakawa Satomi , Inoue Shinya , Hasegawa Hideaki , Yo Kazuyuki , Yamaji Fumiya , Toyoda Akemi , Yoshimoto Takayuki
Published: January 2023

Haptens are small molecules that only elicit an immune response when bound to proteins. Haptens initially bind to self-proteins and activate innate immune responses by complex mechanisms via inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns and the subsequent upregulation of costimulatory signals such as cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) on dendritic cells. Subsequent interactions between CD86 and CD28 on T cells are critically important for properly activating naive T cells and inducing interleukin 2 production, leading to the establishment of adaptive immunity via effector and memory T cells. Accumulating evidence revealed the involvement of haptens in the development of various autoimmune-like diseases such as allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases including allergic contact dermatitis, atopy, asthma, food allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases, hemolytic anemia, liver injury, leukoderma, and even antitumor immunity. Therefore, the development of in vitro testing alternatives to evaluate in advance whether a substance might lead to the development of these diseases is highly desirable. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in chemical- and drug-induced allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases via haptenation and the possible molecular underlying mechanisms, as well as in vitro testing alternatives to evaluate in advance whether a substance might cause the development of these diseases.
The Application of Genetic and Genomic Biotechnology in Aquaculture
Authors: Su Baofeng , Wang Xu , Dunham Rex A.
Published: January 2023

This Special Issue, “The Application of Genetic and Genomic Biotechnology in Aquaculture,” collates 14 published manuscripts covering different aspects of implementing advanced molecular genetics and genomic science in aquaculture [...]
Drift Algal Accumulation in Ice Scour Pits Provides an Underestimated Ecological Subsidy in a Novel Antarctic Soft-Sediment Habitat
Authors: Garrido Ignacio , Hawk Heather L. , Bruning Paulina , Pardo Luis Miguel , Johnson Ladd E.
Published: January 2023

Ice scouring is one of the strongest agents of disturbance in nearshore environments at high latitudes. In depths, less than 20 m, grounding icebergs reshape the soft-sediment seabed by gouging furrows called ice pits. Large amounts of drift algae (up to 5.6 kg/m2) that would otherwise be transported to deeper water accumulate inside these features, representing an underestimated subsidy. Our work documents the distribution and dimensions of ice pits in Fildes Bay, Antarctica, and evaluates their relationship to the biomass and species composition of algae found within them. It also assesses the rates of deposition and advective loss of algae in the pits. The 17 ice pits found in the study area covered only 4.2% of the seabed but contained 98% of drift algal biomass, i.e., 60 times the density (kg/m2) of the surrounding seabed. Larger ice pits had larger and denser algal accumulations than small pits and had different species compositions. The accumulations were stable over time: experimentally cleared pits regained initial biomass levels after one year, and advective loss was less than 15% annually. Further research is needed to understand the impacts of ice scouring and subsequent algal retention on ecosystem functioning in this rapidly changing polar environment.
Distinguishing Between Embryonic Provisioning Strategies in Teleost Fishes Using a Threshold Value for Parentotrophy
Authors: Skalkos Zoe M. G. , Van Dyke James U. , Whittington Camilla M.
Published: January 2023

The source of embryonic nutrition for development varies across teleost fishes. A parentotrophy index (ratio of neonate: ovulated egg dry mass) is often used to determine provisioning strategy, but the methodologies used vary across studies. The variation in source and preservation of tissue, staging of embryos, and estimation approach impedes our ability to discern between methodological and biological differences in parentotrophy indices inter- and intra-specifically. The threshold value used to distinguish between lecithotrophy and parentotrophy (0.6–1) differs considerably across studies. The lack of a standardised approach in definition and application of parentotrophy indices has contributed to inconsistent classifications of provisioning strategy. Consistency in both methodology used to obtain a parentotrophy index, and in the classification of provisioning strategy using a threshold value are essential to reliably distinguish between provisioning strategies in teleosts. We discuss alternative methods for determining parentotrophy and suggest consistent standards for obtaining and interpreting parentotrophy indices.
Multiplex Proteomic Evaluation in Inborn Errors with Deregulated IgE Response
Authors: Scala Enrico , Madonna Stefania , Castiglia Daniele , Scala Alessandro , Caprini Elisabetta , Paganelli Roberto
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Atopic dermatitis constitutes one of the most common inflammatory skin manifestations of the pediatric population. The onset of many inborn errors occurs early in life with an AD–like picture associated with a deregulated IgE response. The availability of proteomic tests for the simultaneous evaluation of hundreds of molecules allows for more precise diagnosis in these cases. (2) Methods: Comparative genomic hybridization microarray (Array–CGH) analysis and specific IgE evaluation by using allergenic microarray (ISAC) and microarray (ALEX2) systems were performed. (3) Results: Proteomic investigations that use multiplex methods have proven to be extremely useful to diagnose the sensitization profile in inborn errors with deregulated IgE synthesis. Four patients with rare diseases, such as recessive X–linked ichthyosis (RXLI, OMIM 308100), Comel–Netherton syndrome (NS, OMIM256500), monosomy 1p36 syndrome (OMIM: 607872), and a microduplication of Xp11.4 associated with extremely high levels of IgE: 7.710 kU/L, 5.300 kU/L, 1.826 kU/L, and 10.430 kU/L, respectively, were evaluated by micro– and macroarray multiplex methods. Polyreactivity to both environmental and food allergens was observed in all cases, including the first described case of association of X–chromosome microduplication and HIE. (4) Conclusions: Extensive use of proteomic diagnostics should be included among the procedures to be implemented in inborn errors with hyper–IgE.
Current Approaches in Surgical and Immunotherapy-Based Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Tabbara Marina M. , González Javier , Martucci Melanie , Ciancio Gaetano
Published: January 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2–3% of all malignant disease in adults, with 30% of RCC diagnosed at locally advanced or metastatic stages of disease. A form of locally advanced disease is the tumor thrombus (TT), which commonly grows from the intrarenal veins, through the main renal vein, and up the inferior vena cava (IVC), and rarely, into the right cardiac chambers. Advances in all areas of medicine have allowed increased understanding of the underlying biology of these tumors and improved preoperative staging. Although the development of several novel system agents, including several clinical trials utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies, has been shown to lower perioperative morbidity and increase post-operative recurrence-free and progression-free survival, surgery remains the mainstay of therapy to achieve a cure. In this review, we provide a description of specific surgical approaches and techniques used to minimize intra- and post-operative complications during radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy of RCC with TT extension of various levels. Additionally, we provide an in-depth review of the major developments in neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy-based treatment and the impact of ongoing and recently completed clinical trials on the surgical treatment of advanced RCC.
METCAM Is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Malignant Propensity of and as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wu Jui-Chuang , Wu Guang-Jer
Published: January 2023

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This is because it is still unknown why indolent prostate cancer becomes an aggressive one, though many risk factors for this type of cancer have been suggested. Currently, many diagnostic markers have been suggested for predicting malignant prostatic carcinoma cancer; however, only a few, such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen), Prostate Health Index (PHI), and PCA3, have been approved by the FDA. However, each biomarker has its merits as well as shortcomings. The serum PSA test is incapable of differentiating prostate cancer from BPH and also has an about 25% false-positive prediction rate for the malignant status of cancer. The PHI test has the potential to replace the PSA test for the discrimination of BPH from prostate cancer and for the prediction of high-grade cancer avoiding unnecessary biopsies; however, the free form of PSA is unstable and expensive. PCA3 is not associated with locally advanced disease and is limited in terms of its prediction of aggressive cancer. Currently, several urine biomarkers have shown high potential in terms of being used to replace circulating biomarkers, which require a more invasive method of sample collection, such as via serum. Currently, the combined multiple tumor biomarkers may turn out to be a major trend in the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment effectiveness of prostate cancer. Thus, there is still a need to search for more novel biomarkers to develop a perfect cocktail, which consists of multiple biomarkers, in order to predict malignant prostate cancer and follow the efficacy of the treatment. We have discovered that METCAM, a cell adhesion molecule in the Ig-like superfamily, has great potential regarding its use as a biomarker for differentiating prostate cancer from BPH, predicting the malignant propensity of prostate cancer at the early premalignant stage, and differentiating indolent prostate cancers from aggressive cancers. Since METCAM has also been shown to be able to initiate the spread of prostate cancer cell lines to multiple organs, we suggest that it may be used as a therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of patients with malignant prostate cancer.
Sandwich-Type Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on CDs@dSiO2 Nanoparticles as Nanoprobe and Co-Reactant
Authors: Chen A-Ling , Wang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Qing , Bao Ning , Ding Shou-Nian
Published: January 2023

In general, co-reactants are essential in highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems. Traditional co-reactants are usually toxic, so it is necessary to develop new environmentally friendly co-reactants. In this work, carbon dots (CDs) were assembled with dendritic silica nanospheres (CDs@dSiO2 NPs) to form a co-reactant of Ru(bpy)32+. Subsequently, a sandwich immunosensor for detecting human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was constructed based on CDs@dSiO2 NPs as co-reactants, the nanoprobe loaded with the secondary antibody, and Ru(bpy)32+ as a luminophore. In addition, compared to directly as a signal probe, the luminophore Ru (bpy)32+ as a part of the electrolyte solution is simpler in this work. The immunosensor has an extremely low limit of detection of 0.00019 mIU/mL. This work describes the synthesis of low-toxic, efficient, and environmentally friendly CDs, which have become ideal co-reactants of Ru(bpy)32+, and proposes an ECL immunosensor with excellent stability and selectivity, which has great potential in clinical applications.
PsychArray-Based Genome Wide Association Study of Suicidal Deaths in India
Authors: Behera Chittaranjan , Kaushik Ruchika , Bharti Deepak Ramkumar , Nayak Baibaswata , Bhardwaj Daya Nand , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Singh Harpreet
Published: January 2023

Background: Suicide is a preventable but escalating global health crisis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) studies to date have been limited, and some are underpowered. In this study, we aimed to perform the PsychArray-based GWAS study to identify single nucleotide variations associated with suicide in the Indian population. Methods: We recruited unrelated subjects who died by suicide as cases (N = 313) and the non-suicidal deaths as controls (N = 294). The 607 samples were genotyped, including cases and controls using the Illumina Infinium PsychArray-24 BeadChip v1.3 Results: In our study, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) crossed the threshold of significance level <1 × 10−5. One of them is intronic at Chromosome2:rs1901851 and three are intergenic at Chromosome12:rs3847911, Chromosome8:rs2941489, Chromosome8:rs1464092. At a significance level of 5 × 10−5, we found a few more SNPs, with the majority of them being intergenic variants. The associated genes were associated with various important functions ranging from cell signaling, GTP binding, GPCR binding, and transcription factor binding. Conclusions: The SNPs identified in our study were not reported earlier. To our best knowledge, this study is one of the first GWAS for suicide in the Indian population. The results indicate few novel SNPs that may be associated with suicide and require further investigation. Their clinical significance is to be studied in the future.
Waking up “We” or “I”? How Start Temporal Landmarks Influence Arousal Product Preferences
Authors: Liang Shichang , Lan Bin , Li Rulan , Zhang Min , Chu Yuxuan , Teng Lili , He Lingling
Published: January 2023

Start temporal landmark is the beginning of a period of time. Previous research has established that individuals have the need for arousal at the start temporal landmarks but less research has focused on individual differences and the relationship between self and others (independent vs. interdependent). This research examines the influence of individuals’ self-construal on the relationship between start temporal landmarks and arousal product preference. Three experiments with 1136 participants were recruited from a university, community, and online store in Southern China. The data were analyzed by Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel on SPSS 26.0 software program. The results showed that self-construal influenced the effect of start temporal landmarks on arousal product preference. Specifically, compared with ordinary temporal landmarks, individuals with interdependent self-construal prefer high arousal products under start temporal landmarks, whereas those with independent self-construal show no significantly different preference for high or low arousal products under the start temporal landmarks. Furthermore, psychological resources play a mediating role. This research extends the theoretical research on self-construal in the field of temporal landmarks and arousal. It also has important practical implications for improving the sales of high arousal products.
Flexural Strength of Partially Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes Subjected to Lateral Loads by Experimental Testing and Finite Element Modelling
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tuyet Trinh , Nguyen Van Bac , Thai Minh Quan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the flexural strength and buckling of the partially concrete-filled steel tubes (PCFST) under laterally repeated loads was investigated through three-point bending test configuration. Three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) models of the bending tests of the PCFST were developed, in which the concrete filling was modelled using elastic-plastic-fracture model capturing crack development and the tube steel was modelled using elastic-plasticity model. The bond between concrete and tube was considered as frictional touching contact. The validation showed the FE results including the ultimate flexural load and buckling failure mode of the steel tube were in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. A parametric study was then conducted using the verified FE models to investigate the effects of the tube diameter-to-thickness ratio, the concrete filling length ratio, the compressive strength of concrete, and the tube steel’s yield and tensile strengths on the PCFST’s ultimate flexural strength. Based on this study, buckling modes, the optimal concrete filling lengths, and the confined compressive strengths of concrete were determined considering the effects of all these parameters. The confined compressive stresses and strains in concrete predicted by the FE models were evaluated against those determined by theoretical models. The results revealed that the effects of concrete compressive strength to the PCFST’s flexural capacity was insignificant while increasing the tube diameter-to-thickness ratio or the tube steel’s yield and tensile strengths could significantly increase the PCFST’s flexural capacity and the confined compressive strength of concrete; and there was an optimal length of concrete filling at about 66% of the tube length. It demonstrated that the Finite Element analysis can therefore be used as a powerful method to the analysis and design the PCFST columns under lateral loads.