bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO BIBLIOTEKOS INKUNABULAI: RINKINIO RAIDA IR SUDĖTIS
Authors: RAČIUS VIDAS
Published: January 2019

Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekaUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01122 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: Petras.Racius@mb.vu.ltŠiuo metu Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekoje saugoma 315 spaudos pirmagimių knygų – inkunabulų. Fondo dydis įvairiuose šaltiniuose įvairuoja. Straipsnio siekis – išnagrinėti, kaip radosi ir kito Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos inkunabulų fondas, kokie veiksniai darė įtaką tiems pokyčiams, kokia inkunabulų fondo apimtis, sudėtis, dabartinė būklė ir kokia inkunabulų reikšmė Lietuvos kultūrai.Reikšminai žodžiai: knyga, spauda, inkunabulas, paleotipas, biblioteka, katalogas, spaustuvininkas, raida.INCUNABULA IN VILNIUS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY: DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTUREVIDAS RAČIUS
SummaryThere are 315 incunabula in the Vilnius University Library now. The aim of the article was to examine how the fund of these incunabula was compiled and the amount of this fund was changing, what factors influenced changes of this fund, and what is the significance of these incunabula for Lithuanian culture. At the same time it was an attempt using incunabula to show at least passingly how Lithuania looked in European political, cultural and ideological context of that time, what events or processes influenced collection accession, who and by what ties related it to other countries. Lithuania was not a desert island on an European map, withdrawn from prevalent political cultural and ideological changes, neither it was a total barren, accepting no progress or novelties. It was inquired by what ways the incunabula emerged in our country, what was the demand and what impact they made, who and why acquired them, and what marks their activity had left so that we could judge by them about their circulation in Lithuanian cultural life and contemplate what still undiscovered treasures may be hidden in them waiting for researchers attention.
SĄVOKŲ Reta knyga, Vertinga knyga IR Sena knyga SAMPRATA BEI VARTOSENA SOVIETINĖS LIETUVOS KNYGOS KULTŪROJE
Authors: LIEPAITĖ INGA
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to ascertain how the concepts of rare book, valuable book and old book functioned in the book culture of Soviet Lithuania. Two standpoints have been adop­ted as a basis for revealing the peculiarities of the conception and usage of these concepts: 1) the conception of Lithuanian bibliophily in the occupation period; 2) the practical work of bibliographers, librarians and researchers in preparing the national retrospective bibliograp­hy. Officially, there were two dominant attitu­des towards bibliophily in Soviet Lithuania. In the broad sense, traditions of elite bibliophily, developed in Lithuania in the interwar period, were rejected, and the strained interpretation of bibliophily as mass / socialistic / real bibliophily came into use, which was the merest liking of books, or a hobby (positive view); bibliophily itself in the narrow sense was interpreted as col­lecting rare and valuable books and identified with bibliomania or elite bibliophily (negative view). In the latter case, the concepts of rare book and valuable book first of all were iden­tified with old and expensive books; in case of mass bibliophily, these concepts meant deficit of books, which emerged because of an increasing demand for new books. It should be noted that the concepts of rare book, valuable book and old book were not analyzed on the theoretical level, and the classification of old Lithuanian books in the occupation period was not applied, either. Such concepts as a rarity or very rare book were used only as synonyms of the concept of rare book. The concepts of rare book, valuable book and old book were used by bibliographers most often alternately, i.e. an old book was named in the same breath as a rare and valuable book. The sore point was the periodization of the retros­pective bibliography Books in Lithuanian among bibliographers. According to the archival mate­rial, the following dates of the end of the old rare Lithuanian book were suggested: 1) 1800, 2) 1825, 3) 1861, and 4) 1863. The year 1861 was chosen as the date related to the manifest on the abolition of serfdom, promulgated by the tzarist Russia in that year.
KIRILINIS RANKRAŠTINIS SENOSIOS HEBRAJŲ KALBOS VADOVĖLIS (XVI A.) IR SENOJO TESTAMENTO VILNIAUS SĄVADAS
Authors: ТЕМЧИН СЕРГЕЙ
Published: January 2019

В статье публикуются фрагменты перевода ветхозаветных книг Бытия, Исайи и Песни песней, выполненного непосредственно с древнееврейского языка на руську мову в Великом княжестве Литовском и дошедшего до нас в составе недавно обнаруженного кириллического учебника древнееврейского языка, сохранившегося в севернорусской рукописи третьей четверти XVI века. Сопоставление этого перевода с иными версиями Песни песней, известными по кириллическим и глаголическим рукописным и печатным источникам разного времени, выявило его непосредственную текстологическую связь с Виленским ветхозаветным сводом. Последний переписан около 1517–1533 годов с более раннего оригинала и содержит руськомовный перевод восьми библейских книг, выполненный с древнееврейского языка в Киеве во второй половине XV века под руководством ученого еврея Захарии бен Аарона га-Кохена (Схарии славянских источников). Рукописный учебник древнееврейского языка и содержащиеся в нем ветхозаветные переводы можно отнести к тому же самому киевскому переводческому проекту. Содержание обеих кириллических рукописей XVI века, отражающих тот же самый перевод, позволяет считать, что в Киеве под руководством Схарии на руську мову был переведен полный текст иудейского Священного Писания.
MARGINALIJOS KAIP KNYGOS ISTORIJOS ŠALTINIS: ISTORIOGRAFINIS ASPEKTAS
Authors: PETREIKIS TOMAS
Published: January 2019

Three definitions of marginalia are distinguished: codicological, polygraphic, and “postmanufaturing”. Codicologically and polygraphically marginalia are defined as additional information records which appear during the book production process. Marginalia are texts and signs (and miniatures) of a functional nature, which are usually placed behind the main text of the book. The “postmanufacturing” attitude focuses on the marginalia which have an indefinite content and which appear in the process of book functioning in society. The development of marginalia scientific studies started at the beginning of the 19th century in Great Britain, meanwhile in Lithuania it started in the sixth decade of the 20th century. In the source studies, most has been achieved in the field of initial fixing. Information about marginalia was first recorded in card catalogues, later in old prints and electronic catalogues. Half of them are published as duplicates and facsimiles. Historically, three main marginalia research trends have formed: philological, historical and book science (perceiving book history as its part). Currently, the largest work in investigating marginalia is done by researchers from Great Britain, the USA and Russia. Marginalia are invoked in the investigation of polygraphy, codicology, reading history, book culture and book art. In Lithuania, more researches in history of reading, book culture, book art, records and sign history are conducted. Historiography development possibilities are intended for the research of library, bookbindery, book trade history and biographistic studies.
KNYGOS PAMINKLAI: TEORINIAI IR PRAKTINIAI ASPEKTAI
Authors: BRAZIŪNIENĖ ALMA
Published: January 2019

The article, based on various Lithuanian and foreign publications as well as on the author’s empirical material, deals with the concept of book monuments in the today’s situation in Lithuania. The author examines whether the current talks about the Lithuanian book monuments is actual, what we are winning or losing from the legally validated book monuments, what is being done in the field of book monuments in Lithuania. To UNESCO activities at issue in the documentary heritage identification and protection are analysed. The conclusion is done that in this networking century when the preeminence of cultural heritage rather than monumentalism is declared, one cannot avoid an active discourse on book monuments. The research of book monuments remains relevant.
VALSTYBĖS DOKUMENTINIS PAVELDAS DOKUMENTŲ IR ARCHYVŲ VALDYMO ASPEKTU
Authors: LUKŠAITĖ DAIVA
Published: January 2019

Since the forms of documents and the technologies of their management are changing, the functions performed by archives institutions are being reconsidered and reassessed. Archivists having been involved into the process of document management from the very beginning of document creation, an opportunity has occurred to sequentially match the decisions of selecting and storing of documentation which has an influence on both the conception of archival functions and the formation of documentary or archival heritage. In the sphere of documentation and archives management, heritage is related to the documentation (cultural values), which is a source of collective memory and scientific information; these documents are a meaningful historical certification. This fact emphasizes the importance of the three factors – memory, documentation and archives management – in achieving the goals of archival heritage with the help of their functions.The documentation continuum mo del reveals document identification, its importance as a source of memory and on the whole the evaluation of archives in a wider social context as well as archives accessibility to society. This model as well as the conception of both documentation and archives management are analyzed in the article with reference to the works of foreign archives researchers. The article also aims to answer such questions as what is distinct in documentation and archives management, what is the benefit of such management, and how documentation and archives management is understood in Lithuania. The search for these answers is meaningful, as the structural reconstruction of public sector institutions in Lithuania is inseparable from the reconsideration of the functions of archives institutions. That is why the article demonstrates what archives functions are distinguished and what are used for the sake of archives heritage as well as what should be changed while performing such functions in Lithuanian state archives.
INFORMACINĖS VISUOMENĖS LINK: NAUJOS DOKUMENTŲ KULTŪROS RADIMASIS IR RAIDA
Authors: ROMAN WANDA KRYSTYNA
Published: January 2019

Though the ages (Antiquity, Middle Ages, Modernity and the Present), humanity developed successive cultural systems: oral, written, print, industrial, and electronic. The records culture is a component, or manifestation, of nearly every type of culture. Records culture should be defined as the overall body of motivations, attitudes and behaviours of the producers and users of records that occur during the planned and effective creation, collection, retention, processing, and sharing.
LIETUVOS NACIONALINĖS MARTYNO MAŽVYDO BIBLIOTEKOS RANKRAŠČIŲ FONDO FORMAVIMAS XX AMŽIAUS 8–9 DEŠIMTMETYJE
Authors: STEPONAITIENĖ JOLITA
Published: January 2019

Document collection, systematic and reasonable acquisition, and interests and needs of a certain organization are among its main functions. From the historical point of view, formation of a document collection reflects the actualities of the time, policies, understandings and public obligations of an institution. It could seem that the soviet ideology couldn’t disregard such library activities; however, exploring the documents of that time reveal some paradoxical things such as acquiring “ideologically wrong” documents. What was the motivation of these actions? What was their interpretation among colleagues?Research of material found in various sources shows that, despite the existing system, the acquisition of the National Library manuscript document collection was little influenced by common attitudes. The collection had been supplemented with documents of various historical periods, in various languages. Laconic and very general entries in the Document Acquisition Book let to hide the content of documents. The main sources of acquisition were purchasing and donations, purchasing being the most frequent source of acquisitions. A conclusion should be made that the library made investments to preserve historical documents, and the librarians responsible for these processes were aware of their importance.
VACLOVO BIRŽIŠKOS ALEKSANDRYNO IR KITŲ RANKRAŠČIŲ LIKIMAS PASIBAIGUS ANTRAJAM PASAULINIAM KARUI
Authors: LIEPAITĖ INGA , ŠULGIENĖ NIJOLĖ
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the relations between Prof. V. Biržiška and his former student P. Lukošiūnas. It is based on archival and published sources and, with regard to provided options, tries to disclose the fate of Professor’s manuscripts prior to and after his retreat from Lithuania to the West in the summer of 1944. The conclusion was made that V. Biržiška had brought away part of his manuscripts piled up in trunks. Actually, the manuscript of Aleksandrynas had to be among those manuscripts, although V. Biržiška assumed that it could have been not complete. The complicated fate of the survival of the latter manuscript is confirmed by the content of the letter of P. Lukošiūnas to V. Biržiška, provided in the annex to the article. Before his departure from Lithuania, V. Biržiška had entrusted part of his manuscripts to his former nurse O. Butkaitė who was still living in Viekšniai in his parents’ house, and to his other close friends, among them, for example, to V. Steponaitis. As shown by the accumulated memoir literature, the fate was unsparing to the manuscripts that were safeguarded by the nurse: several times they avoided the fires of the war, but their end was still marked by fire: they were burnt by the nurse herself before her death. Part of his manuscripts V. Biržiška had secured as far back as in 1941, and on the basis of these documents later, in the then Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, the formation of a separate collection was started. Part of Professor’s manuscript heritage appeared in other libraries due to the efforts of J. Rimantas and K. Korsakas.
MUZIKINIAI INKUNABULAI LIETUVOS BIBLIOTEKOSE
Authors: STONYTĖ ŽIVILĖ
Published: January 2019

Lietuvos kompozitorių sąjungaA. Mickevičiaus g. 29 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: zivile@gregoriana.ltStraipsnyje nagrinėjami Lietuvos bibliotekose saugomi keturi muzikiniai inkunabulai. Trys iš jų, esantys Lietuvos nacionalinės Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekos fonduose, aptariami išsamiau, įvertinant jų reikšmę muzikinės spaudos istorijoje. Remiantis pasaulinės muzikinės inkunabulistikos tyrimais taikomas aprašomasis leidinių tyrimo metodas, atskleidžiantis natų spaudos kelią ir parodantis XV a. muzikinės spaudos galimybių įvairovę. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjamos muzikinių liturginių inkunabulų žanrinės ir repertuaro ypatybės, aptariami jų naudojimo, proveniencinės nuosavybės klausimai.
KNYGŲ KAIP PREKIŲ ŽENKLŲ SKLAIDA IR AUTORIAUS TAPATYBĖS REIKŠMĖ: LYGINAMASIS POŽIŪRIS
Authors: CULEA MIHAELA
Published: January 2019

Marketing books discuss personality branding, institutional branding, corporate branding, product branding, or touristic branding, but books are excluded from the discussion on product brands, even though we witness a growing interest in books and writers as cultural products. More than that, we may say that the book is a commodity in the context of the consumer revolution and “the commoditization of knowledge”, to use Roberta Sassatelli’s phrase [31]. If nations, towns, universities, business schools, celebrities, even TV programmes are brands, then books could be considered as brands, too. We could even say that books are commodified brands and the branding process must involve efficient branding strategies, so authors construct a brand as a marker of their identity in the postmodern commodified world.The paper looks at some current strategies for book and authorial branding, which were theoretically launched by American authors, and the ways in which they are practised by English and Romanian authors. Firstly, we provide the aims and scope of the study and the conceptual framework assisting us in the discussion of current trends in book branding, and we also expound the trajectory from classical brand types to books as brands. Secondly, we present the major features of the book branding process and illustrate some book and authorial branding strategies and the extent of their usage in England and Romania, such as self-publishing, the digitalization of the writer, the commodification of arts or the pact between art and business, which instantiates this phenomenon. The results of the comparative exploration of these branding strategies disclose the various differences between Romanian and English literary production, management and marketing practices that enable books and their authors to respond to the new cultural and commercial demands.The investigation takes its cue from aspects concerning literary production, modern publishing and print culture, marketing discourse and practices, cultural production, and cultural studies in general.
PRIEIGOS PRIE ARCHYVŲ DOKUMENTŲ PATIRTYS
Authors: KONTRIMAVIČIENĖ DANUTĖ
Published: January 2019

Knowing the possibilities of access to records allows to better grasp the conception of access to records itself and its development for many centuries. As early as in the 4th c. B.C., in Athens, it was possible to familiarize with documents preserved at a repository. Later on, such a practice was forgotten for centuries, and only at the end of the 18th c. A.D. access to records was enforced. In the 19th–20th centuries, archives opened their doors and started sharing the accumulated information with the public. The beginning of the 21st c. has inherited not only the technological challenges, but also the practice of access of the second half of the 20th c., which in many countries is regulated by the archival legislation. The article deals with the development of access to records and the practice of access in the last decades. Various traditions and practices in different countries, as well as their legal systems provide different conditions of access to records preserved at repositories; it is important to know them in order to study records in a certain country. In the second half of the 20th c. the terms of access have been liberalized; they remain unchanged also in the 21st c., only the number of the countries that have established an open access to records or an open access after the records have been transferred to archives differs. However, in some countries, there remain restrictions of access to records, reaching 30 or even 70 years.
AKISTATA SU XX AMŽIAUS SPAUDOS PASLAPTIMIS
Authors: LIETUVNINKAITĖ NIJOLĖ
Published: January 2019

Kauno technologijos universiteto bibliotekaK. Donelaičio g. 20, LT- 44239 Kaunas, LietuvaEl. paštas: nijole.lietuvninkaite@ktu.lt
DVIDEŠIMTOJI SHARP KONFERENCIJA DUBLINE
Authors: NAVICKIENĖ AUŠRA
Published: January 2019

Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros ir dokumentotyros institutasUniversiteto g. 3, LT-01513 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: ausra.navickiene@kf.vu.lt
LEVAS VLADIMIROVAS – LIETUVOS INFORMACINĖS VISUOMENĖS TEORIJOS PRADININKAS
Authors: VARNIENĖ-JANSSEN REGINA
Published: January 2019

Lietuvos nacionalinė Matyno Mažvydo bibliotekaGedimino pr. 51, LT-01504 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: r.varniene@lnb.lt
KNYGOS ISTORIJOS KOMISIJOS (1966–1990) VAIDMUO SKATINANT KNYGOS MOKSLĄ LATVIJOJE (ANGLŲ K.)
Authors: DREIMANE JANA
Published: January 2019

THE COMMISSION OF BOOK HISTORY (1966−1990) AS THE LATVIAN BOOK SCIENCE PROMOTER
JANA DREIMANE
AbstractIn the article, the role of the Commission of Book History in the establishment and sustainable developmentof the Latvian book science is considered. The minutes of meetings and other materials of the Commission (they have been preserved in the National Library of Latvia) give evidence about the establishmentof the Commission in 1965, its tasks, chairmen and most active participants, its principles and trends of work, initiated academic activities, discussed research works and upcoming publications, as well as about the abolishment of the Commission in 1990. The article gives information on particular decisions of the Commission, which had a significant impact on the further research of Latvian book history.Key words: Latvian book science, history of Latvian book, Latvian book publishing, National Library of Latvia, Academic Library of the University of Latvia
JOACHIMAS LELEWELIS – KNYGOTYROS IR KAI KURIŲ KITŲ KOMUNIKACIJOS IR INFORMACIJOS MOKSLŲ KŪRĖJAS LIETUVOJE
Authors: NAVICKIENĖ AUŠRA
Published: January 2019

The first three decades of the nineteenth century is an exclusive period of Vilnius University and Lithuanian science history, when there had been made a tremendous progress under the influence of general rise of science and culture throughout Europe during the Age of Enlightenment. At that time Vilnius university was famous both for its schools of Medicine, Natural and Exact Sciences, and for the School of Humanities – Vilnius Philosophical School, Vilnius Theological School, Vilnius Philological School, together with creators of modern history and scientists who began investigating phenomena of communication and information (i.e. history of book and book sector related subjects, libraries and their activity, book’s description). Professor J. Lelewel’s two-volume work “Two bibliographic books”, which had been printed in Vilnius (1823–1826), became a significant monument of nineteenth century science and contributed to development of book science and other traditional communication and information sciences not only in Lithuania, Poland, but also in other Eastern and Central European countries. After performing content and theoretical part analysis, defining the main issues and their relation with today’s classification of Communication and Information sciences, assembling a scholarly image of science that J. Lelewel referred as bibliography (i. e. proving answers to such questions as how did J. Lelewel name the new science, how did he understand its structure, main problems, and links to other sciences), it is concluded that J. Lelewel is not only a father of book science, bibliography, library science, codicology, and paleography, but also a creator of this prime science – science that is associated with origins of communication and information sciences in Lithuania.
LEIDYKLOS VADOVO ASMENYBĖS VAIDMUO ŠIANDIENOS LIETUVOS KNYGŲ LEIDYBOJE
Authors: ANDRIUKAITYTĖ RŪTA
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to investigate the impact of a personality heading a publishing house or a publishing business. The article has shown that almost all Lithuanian publishers are for-profit, small and micro-enterprises, where most of the different processes include a small number of people and the head of a publishing house comes into direct contact with all the publishing processes. The smaller the publishing house is, the more important the role of the head of a publishing house and his/her personality becomes. The analysis of a publisher’s personality was conducted on the basis of the adapted Big Five model, with the conclusion that a publisher’s personality is comparable to the personality characteristics of any entrepreneur. The personality-related analysis of Lithua­nian publishers revealed that those Lithuanian publishers who founded a publishing house are often high-brow, artistic, romantic, ideological personalities who regard publishing more as a cultural mis­sion than a commercial business. The empirical study (interviews conducted with several heads of Lithuanian publishing houses) has disclosed that the role of the head of a publishing house is also affected by such factors as literature genres and scope of publishing activities. It has been found out that the most important and influential personality in a publishing house is usually related to a thorough knowledge of the literature the respective publishing house is specializing in. The perso­nalities of the Lithuanian publishers are not distinctly different from those of foreign publishers: all of them can be characterized as comprehensive and well-rounded personalities, having the ability to find and exploit new opportunities, motivated by the pursuit of lifelong learning, interested in team- work, displaying patience and creativity. The study also identified the following personality traits (which are otherwise not mentioned in literature) – instincts, intuition, the ability to value a book, knowledge of the publishing repertoire and devotion to it as well as cultu­ral choice motives for the publishing industry. In conclusion, the Lithuanian publishers as personalities exert an extremely significant influence on contemporary image-making in Lithuania, which makes the situation in Lithuania different from the respective publishing landscape in foreign countries. Thus, the following conclusion can be drawn: a mere talent of a promising entrepreneur does not necessarily ensure a success in the publishing indu­stry. To a large extent, success depends on a publisher’s comprehensive, well-educated and culturally sophisticated personality.
INSTITUCINĖS TALPYKLOS IR UNIVERSITETŲ MOKSLINIŲ REZULTATŲ PUBLIKAVIMAS: ŠVEDIJOS REGIONINIO UNIVERSITETO ATVEJIS
Authors: MACEVIČIŪTĖ ELENA , WILSON THOMAS D.
Published: January 2019

The article presents a study that is based on the statistical analysis of the data from the university institutional repository, on the analysis of the university documents regulating the publishing of research results, interviews with the policy makers in the university and with active researchers, as well as the analysis of the survey data collected from the research staff. The problem that the study holds in focus was introduction and perception of open access pu­blishing among researchers. This problem was related to the general publishing policy in Swedish universities and the policies of research funding on the national and institutional levels. The actual study was carried out as a case study of a medium regional university in Sweden. The uni­versity holds research rights in several research areas and supports open access through institutional publishing policy. The study included several methods that helped providing answers to the following questions: What are the provisions of the University management that lead to the formulation of the policy requirements for publishing research results?What is the impact of publishing policies on the actual publication of research results?How do the researchers perceive the publishing policy of the University, the require­ments and open access?What do the researchers know about the functions of the institutional repository at the University and the repository data quality problems?The results of the study show that the publishing policy of the university seeks to in­crease the visibility of the university in scholarly communication, create open access to the research results of the university and improve the quality of published documents. It also emphasizes the responsibility of researchers for the quality of publications and the data that represents them. The knowledge of the university researchers about the publication processes and the potential of open access, about the consequences of the transfer of copyright to publishers or other processes related to modern scholarly communication is rather limited. Though their attitu­des towards open access are positive, the responsibility of a researcher for implementation of open access and the quality of the data or documents accessible through it is not recognized. Successful implementation of the publishing policies in the university require continued information literacy education for researchers and increased consultations about publishing changes. This could become a natural extension of library functions related to both its work with institutional repository and information literacy.
LEIDYBA PRIEŠKARIO IR ŠIANDIENOS LIETUVOJE: PATIRTIES LYGINAMOJI ANALIZĖ
Authors: MISIŪNAS REMIGIJUS
Published: January 2019

This article is based on the paper which was presented in the International Book Science Conference, on Traditional and electronic Publishing in a Small Country: Experience and Perspectives, held in Vilnius in 2013. The aim of this article is to investigate historical parallels in publishing between the two periods of Lithuania’s independence (1918–1940 and after 1990). It can be seen as a brief introduction to the search subject that may prove to be interesting and useful for scientists and those interested in Lithuanian publishing processes.The development of publishing in Lithuania was very similar to the situation in other newly established and re-established countries in Eastern Europe during both independence periods and was mainly influenced by the country’s size, population, economy, culture and educational situation.Despite various obstacles, publishing market demonstrated rapid growth at the beginning of both periods, followed by a slight decline after the introduction of stable national currency in 1922 and in 1993. As the publishers were entering the final stages of their establishment, while trying to adapt to changing market conditions, the repertoire structures appeared and the first leaders emerged. One of the main concerns shared by most publishers during both periods was a relatively small book market which made them pay significant attention to marketing and retail. Soaring print runs 289 indicated constant growth between 1918 and 1940, which was mainly influenced by the expansion of the Lithuanian educational system. Nevertheless, the growth of higher education system during the second period did not have such an impact and the print runs started to shrink since mid-nineties. Additionally, economic down turns of 1930–1932, 1998–2000 and 2008 interrupted the development of publishing as the publishers were focusing their efforts on marketing techniques to increase book sales.The relationship between the government and the publishers has always been important in small countries. Despite publicly declaring the support for book industry, governmental policies appeared to lack clear direction and long-term visions during both periods. As a result, the progress of publishing industry mainly relied on the publishers, who saw their activity as both business and a cultural mission. This article briefly introduces the main parallels between the two periods, but as the research continues the new findings may emerge, therefore it could be seen as a guide for the future search.
MAŽA LEIDYKLA MAŽOJE ŠALYJE: ARTSERIA ATVEJIS
Authors: ZOVIENĖ DANUTĖ
Published: January 2019

The article analyses a case study of artseria, a publisher of the Lithuanian Artists’ Association, with the goal of analysing the situation of a small participant of the Lithuanian book publishing and bookselling in terms of financial sources and demand group of specialized literature. The problems encountered by artseria and other small publishers are approached from the historical and statistical aspects as well as commercial perspective. The article has used the data provided by the Lithuanian Statistics Department, the bulletin Lietuvos spaudos statistika 2012 [Statistics of Lithuanian Press 2012], reports by UAB Creditreform Lietuva and other documents.The Lithuanian publishers, especially small ones, have to cope with two major challenges, those of securing resources for book publishing and selling of their production. Creative problems related to book content, book production and printing quality are no longer an issue, though there have been different times during the 23 years of independence.In contrast to Western countries, Lithuanian publishers do not specialize in the strict sense, most of them produce books across a range of themes. This situation is caused by the type of the local market and strong competition for broadened readership. The artseria stands out among other Lithuanian publishers by its ambitious goal to keep to the established repertoire, with the focus on the aesthetics and the art of the book. The collection by the publisher is composed of publications dedicated to professional art of the 20th–21st century Lithuanian art, Dailė [Art] magazine published semi-annually, art folio publications, monographs dedicated to Lithuanian artists and exhibition catalogues.With over 15 years of work under its belt, artseria has developed a strategy for securing financial resources. It explores all the avenues of support through a range of programmes run by the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Education and Science and the Press, Radio and Television Support Fund (SRTRF), applying for grants under the Culture and Publications Programme by the Fund. Though artseria is not among the leaders enjoying the biggest financing under the programme, Dailė ranks, in the reports developed by the Fund, among the most valuable Lithuanian cultural periodicals, such as Kultūros barai, Šiaurės Atėnai, Krantai, Lietuvos fotografija, Archiforma and Teatro scena.Lithuanian book market is desperate for changes: it is waiting for a stronger legislative foundation and taxing policy, for revisiting of criteria applied to state financing of publishing and grant allocation, for closer cooperation between publishers and bookselling, for legal regulation of the monopoly policy in bookselling – and above all, for harnessing of unemployment and emigration, so that books may have their readership.
LEIDINYS APIE TARPUKARIO LATVIJOS KNYGŲ DIZAINĄ
Authors: KORSAKAITĖ INGRIDA
Published: January 2019

Lietuvos dailės istorikų draugijaEl. paštas: ingrida.korsakaitė@gmail.comFRASER, JAMES HOWARD. PUBLISHING AND BOOK DESIGN IN LATVIA 1919–1940: A RE-DISCOVERY. RIGA: NEPUTNS, 2013. 334 P., ILIUSTR. ISBN 978-9934-512-18-6.
KLAIPĖDOS KRAŠTO IR KNYGŲ PASAULIO TAKAIS
Authors: POCYTĖ SILVA
Published: January 2019

Klaipėdos universiteto Baltijos regiono istorijos ir archeologijos institutasHerkaus Manto g. 84, LT-92294 Klaipėda, LietuvaEl. paštas: silva.pocyte@gmail.com
ŠIANDIENOS LIETUVIŠKŲ KNYGŲ VAIKAMS VIZUALUMAS: LEIDĖJŲ IR SKAITYTOJŲ POŽIŪRIS
Authors: KATINAITĖ KAROLINA
Published: January 2019

This paper examines a new trend in society, namely the phenomenon of visual culture. Its influence is also felt in the publishing industry. Firstly, the article discusses the classification of children's books by age groups as well as the importance of the book as an educational measure from the very early infancy. The main aim of the article is to analyse readers’ and publishers’ approaches to the visuality of Lithuanian children’s books. The following tasks were set to achieve this aim: to create target questionnaires for readers and publishers; assess adults’ (as buyers and readers) opin­ion about the visual impact of children’s books; ascertain the views of publishers on children's books visuality, their criteria for design, illustration and printing. The research part of the paper combines readers’ and publishers’ approach to visual issues in the books for children. The empirical study was composed of the following two structural elements: a questionnaire method applied to the readers, and an interview method applied to the publishers. Readers are characterized as buyers of books (parents or other mature people who can afford buy­ing a book). The research targeted at publishers covered the following organizations: “Nieko rimto”, “Dominicus Lituanus” and “Presvika”.In conclusion, the survey revealed that the approach of both readers and publishers is very similar on many issues. Thus, the need for children education using books since early infancy has been identified during the research. Furthermore, most publishers offer books in the market for all age groups including infants. As it is written in multiple scientific sources, re­spondents also perceive the importance of books in a child’s educational process. It is a well-known fact that books develop the body motility and linguistic skills: they also help meet the cognitive needs. Besides, a book is also regarded as a great communication tool. It has been established that the visual aspects are highly considered when choosing and buying a book for children. Both read­ers and publishers emphasize the importance of harmony in the book, when all elements, included content, design, layout, illustrations, are in harmony with each other. Readers tend not to buy the books, which do not satisfy one of the required elements (content-related or visual quality) However, both readers and publishers are glad about the general situation of publishing industry in Lithuania. A high quality of printing, creative authors and illustrators are the features of the today’s market.
ŠIAULIŲ „KULTŪROS“ BENDROVĖS (1920–1937) KNYGŲ MENINĖ KULTŪRA
Authors: KOŽENEVSKAJA EMILIJA
Published: January 2019

The company Kultūra (1920–1937) in Šiauliai was one of the largest and most signifi­cant Lithuanian interwar commercial publishers. During the first decade of Lithuanian independen­ce it foresaw the need to provide the public with editions, which were improved in both content and form. The publishing house tried to make its books similar to the publications released in Western Europe from the artistic point of view. The subject of the work is the Šiauliai company Kultūra book design from the artistic point of view. The aim is to determine design quality and characteristics of Kultūra books. The objectives are to explore the publishing activities of the company Kultūra; to analyze the company’s Kultūra attitu­de towards the design of the books; to identify the main factors influencing the aesthetic appearance of Kultūra books; to explore the stylistic features of the main artists who illustrated and designed the covers of the books of the company Kultūra; to analyze the design of the main types of the Kultūra company books with regard to their specifics. In the research, both general scientific and special bibliography methods were used. Analysis of primary the Kultūra company sources and scientific literature has led to the conclu­sion that considering difficult conditions of book production process and the lack of professional graphic artists in the third decade of the twentieth century, the company Kultūra was able to release quality books, meeting both the artistic and printing criteria of that time. Seventy percent of the company’s books were illustrated. The broad target audience demanded the development of both thematic and typological diversity ofthe publishing repertoire. Different artistic concepts of book types resulted in a diversity of illustrative material. The books printed in Germany have both a more attractive artistic design and a higher printing quality. The company Kultūra was able to choose a larger size of paper, to get clichés and replicas as well as to use offset printing. It pursued cooperation with the technically most powerful Lithuanian and foreign printing companies andinvited artists to design covers and illustrate books. All this is sufficient proof of how seriously the company Kultūra regarded artistic book design. The books were illustrated mostly by the po­pular artist Kazys Šimonis, eight coloured covers were designed by famous artist of Šiauliai Gerardas Bagdonavičius. A few books were illustrated by the Lithuanian artists Aldona Kazanavičienė, Anta­nas Kazanavičius and Pranas Giedravičius. Other books were illustrated by foreign artists Wilhelm Busch, Francz Müller-Münster, Paul-Gustave Doré and others.
VADOVĖLIŲ RINKA LENKIJOJE (1970–2012): POKYČIAI IR TENDENCIJOS
Authors: JABŁOŃSKA-STEFANOWICZ EWA
Published: January 2019

This paper analyzes the Polish market of textbooks in the last four decades with reference to the political, social, and technological changes of that period. The whole span of forty years can be divided into two stages – before and after 1989. The analysis concerns the three key actors involved in com­munication through books: the author, publisher, and the recipient. It was investigated how the social status and independence of these actors have changed over time. The description is not of a quantitative character and it only allows to identify the tendencies in the analyzed field. After the period of the publisher’s monopoly, when any publishing house was an emanation of the power of political authorities, there came the time of the recipient’s (teacher’s) importance. With the introduction of free market principles the teacher became the actor who selects textbooks out of many and thus influ­ences not only the profit but also the future of the publisher. Free electronic resources, announced in the program „Cyfrowa Szkola” (2012), lead to an in­creasing independence of the teacher. A part of his new tasks used to belong to the publisher.
IŠ NAUJO PERMĄSTANT DOKUMENTUS, ARCHYVUS, JŲ VAIDMENIS IR REIKALAVIMUS TINKLAVEIKOS VISUOMENĖJE
Authors: GILLILAND ANNE J.
Published: January 2019

Records created through institutional and personal activity are the primary concern of archives, regardless of the form or media of those records. This pa­per focuses on the implications of the networked society for how such records are created, as well as how they are defined and appraised by archivists, and the kinds of searching and uses to which they might be subjected. It argues that in responding to these implications, archives will have to move beyond the custodial and institutional mindset that has dominated the field for cen­turies and instead embrace a network orientation. It proposes and provides examples of several potential conceptualizations of “networked records”: the multi-provenance bureaucratic record and the record created by the crowd; the metadata record; the extra-institutional record, the transinstitutional and the transjurisdictional record, and the mobile or itinerant record; the stitched-together record; the mined, mapped and compiled record; and the implied or inferred record.The paper also identifies several dissemination and access challenges faced by archivists when networked records and their metadata accumulate into a virtual “archival corpus”. These challenges include the ways in which that corpus might be mined, forensically analyzed, cross-compiled, found lacking, augmented and otherwise searched or mapped to the benefit or detriment of organizational, scholarly, community and personal interests. After iden­tifying a set of human rather than asset, data or task-centred principles that it is argued should inform archival activities such as appraisal, description and dissemination, the paper concludes that traditional appraisal techniqu­es alone are unable to cope with these challenges. Instead the field working together with researchers in information retrieval (IR) should focus on in­novating in the area of archival information storage and retrieval (“archival IR”) in ways that can exploit the networked creation and uses of records and other forms of primary data and their metadata, and respond to and protect against potential vulnerabilities, particularly those relating to privacy and security, that might be exposed by such developments.
KRISTIJONAS DONELAITIS IR JO AMŽININKAI : TOLMINKIEMIO BAŽNYČIOS METRIKŲ KNYGOS KAIP AUTOBIOGRAFINIO PASAKOJIMO ŠALTINIS
Authors: SCHILLER CHRISTIANE
Published: January 2019

This article focuses on the register of baptisms of the parish of Tollmingkehmen from 1725 to 1754, which has survived on a single microfilm housed at Deutsche Zentralstelle fur Genealogie at the State Archive Leipzig. The analysis of this register revealed that the excerpts made by Franz Tetzner in the end of the 19th century are far from being complete. Since Tetzner excerpted only passages with respect to his own interests, details on Donelaitis’ life and his moral values, whichcan be gained from Tetzner, are quite fragmentary and often ambiguous. In order to interpret the entries and addenda made by Donelaitis correctly they must be viewed in a broader context, i.e. with regard to the common practice of recording baptisms in Prussia and in comparison to those recorded by Donelaitis’ predecessors. The recent, albeit superficial analysis of the register of baptisms of the parish of Tollmingkehmen not only sheds light on the social relations of Donelaitis with his parishioners and colleagues, among them Philipp Ruhig, but also offers valuable information about the colleagues themselves. Therefore, all passages neglected by Tetzner should be subject of further investigation. They may reveal more hitherto unknown facts about Kristijonas Donelaitis’ life and moral values.
KRISTIJONO DONELAIČIO STUDIJOS 1736–1740 M. SERIES PRAELECTIONUM ŠVIESOJE DAIVA NARBUTIENĖ
Authors: NARBUTIENĖ DAIVA
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to analyze a significant source on Donelaitis’ years of study at the University of Konigsberg – a unique bound set of university term lecture lists kept in the National Library of Poland in Warsaw (BN – XVIII.3.11061–XVIII.3.11090). This is a bound set of documents in Latin that consists of 31 notebooks: 31 lists of instructors and their lectures encompassing the period of 1720–1740. Here it is called Series praelectionum (i. e. lecture lists) based on its main keywords. In German historiography these lists are known as Vorlesungsverzeichnisse der Universitat Konigsberg, while the Italian culture historian Riccardo Pozzo has compiled and published a lecture catalogue of the University of Konigsberg for 1719–1804 with the Latin title: Catalogus Praelectionum Academiae Regiomontanae.The present author discusses a provenance of this source, concluding that this unique bound set, like numerous other rare publications from the “Academia Regiomontana” collection, came to the National Library of Poland from the Konigsberg city library after the end of World War II in 1945. Donelaitis started his studies at the University of Konigsberg in the winter term of 1736 and completed them in the spring of 1740. The lists of lectures and instructors for this period constitute a part of the bound set: eight notebooks out of 31. The term lists provide much interesting information on the specifics of university life and individuals whose lectures Donelaitis attended.Apart from his studies at the Faculty of Theology and a seminar on the Lithuanian language, Donelaitis might have attended lectures delivered by other instructors, presumably from the Faculty of Philosophy. It is well known that after his graduation Donelaitis was well versed not only in theology, but also poetics, literature, natural sciences, musical theory and practice. In acquiring all these skills and knowledge he was probably helped by instructors from the Faculties of Law, Medicine and Philosophy, whose names and lecture courses also are on the same lecture lists, a source providing information on lesser known areas of Donelaitis’ encyclopedic education.
KRISTIJONUI DONELAIČIUI STUDIJŲ LAIKAIS PRIEINAMOS XVIII A. POETIKOS KNYGOS VOKIEČIŲ KALBA
Authors: MICHELINI GUIDO
Published: January 2019

The paper is based on the hypothesis that the most important sources of Kristijonas Donelaitis’ poetic theory might have been some books in German about poetics, which were popular in Prussia in the first half of the 18th century. In all probability, the poet read these books between 1736 and 1740, during his study time at the University of Konigsberg, rather than later, when he was interested in other subjects (such as music and theology), and moreover living in small provincial centres without access to any specialized libraries.Since it is assumed that the most influential of these publications was the treatise Versuch einer Anleitung Zur Deutschen Poesie, published in 1732 in Konigsberg and written by Donelaitis’ teacher Heinrich Arnoldt, professor of theology at Konigsberg’s University, the paper pays great attention to this work by proposing a detailed analysis of it. It is also pointed out how Arnoldt’s book, together with Morlin’s treatise Principium primarium in lingva Lithvanica, influenced Donelaitis’ choice to write his poem in a popular style; in addition, the book could have influenced Donelaitis’ pietistic ideology.The paper ends with a shorter analysis of other two books, cited by Arnoldt, with which Donelaitis could have been likewise acquainted during his study time at the university: Gottsched’s Versuch einer Critischen Dichtkunst vor die Deutschen (1730) and the anonymous treatise Anleitung zur Poesie, Darinnen ihr Ursprung, Wachsthum, Beschaffenheit und rechter Gebrauch untersuchet und gezeiget wird (1725).