bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kultur Jaringan Jeruk Keprok Tejakula (Citrus reticulata var. Tejakula) Menggunakan Tunas Muda dan Biji Serta Deteksi CVPD dengan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: SIPANGKAR VLORA VERONICA , WIJAYA I NYOMAN , SRITAMIN MADE
Published: September 2020

Tissue Culture Citrus (Citrus reticulata var. Tejakula) using Shoot and Seed and the Detection of CVPD with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The sample was taken in Pecatu Village, Kuta Selatan District, Badung Regency and continued with in vitro culture and PCR analysis at UPT. Genetic Resource and Molecular Biology Laboratory, was start from  December of 2018 until May of  2019. The purpose of this research was to create a CVPD free Citrus reticulata var. Tejakula seedling from tissue culture. The sample was chosen based on visual characteristic. Two samples were taken from  citrus  plant  that  show  CVPD  symptoms  and  citrus  plant  that  did  not  show  CVPD symptoms. The seed  and shoot  were cultured using MS media for 12  week after planting (WAP). From this research showed that both explant from the shoot and seed were able to grow well.  The  explant  from  citrus  sample  that  showed  CVPD  symptoms  was  infected  by Liberibacter asiaticus and the explants from citrus that did not show CVPD symptoms was not invected by Liberibacter asiaticus, according to PCR analysis.
Kelimpahan Populasi dan Tingkat Parasitisasi Parasitoid Indigenus terhadap Hama Invasif Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) pada Tanaman Asteraceae di Bali
Authors: YASA I WAYAN SANDIKA , SUPARTHA I WAYAN , SUSILA I WAYAN
Published: September 2020

Population Abundance and Parasitization Level of Indigenous Parasites to Invasive Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Asteraceae Plants in Bali. This study was aimed to determine the population abundance and parasitization level of indigenous parasitoid associated with Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in Asteraceae plants in Bali. The study was conducted from January to March 2019 by survey method on the type of parasitoid, abundance and parasitisation level  in  Asteraceae  plants  which  included  to  Chrysanthemum,  Gerbera  jamesonii  and Helianthus annuus, which are spread in several regencies in Bali such as Buleleng (1200 m asl), Bangli (900-1000 m asl) and Denpasar (40 m asl). Sampling was done purposively on the leaves of plants attacked by Liriomyza sp. and then maintained at the Laboratory until the parasitoid adults appeared. Afterward, morphologically was identified the type of parasitoid that appears. The results showed that there were three types of indigenous parasitoid associated with L. trifolii namely Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Neochrysocharis okazakii, and Opiusdissitus. The most dominant parasitoid of the three types of H. varicornis parasitoid with an abundance of 78.57% and parasitization rate of 53.23% was found in Chrysanthemum plants.
Pengaruh Pemotongan Daun dan Pemberian Konsentrasi Ekstrak Bawang Merah terhadap Pertumbuhan Setek Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora P.)
Authors: KUMARA I GEDE BUDI YUDA , ARIMBAWA I WAYAN PASEK , SUTEDJA I NYOMAN
Published: September 2020

Effect of Leaf Cutting and Concentration of Shallot Extract on the Growth of Cuttings Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora P.). Robusta coffee plants (Coffea canephora P.) in general can be reproduced generatively by seeds, while the vegetative method can be done by grafting, cuttings, and tissue culture. Breeding of robusta coffee by generative method was often unsatisfactory, therefore the propagation of Robusta coffee is recommended using vegetative methods, namely cuttings. This study aims to determine the effect of leaf area cutting and the concentration of shallot extract and its interaction on the growth of Robusta coffee cuttings. This study used 2 factors in factorial design, namely: percentage of leaf cutting and the concentration of shallot extract. Variables observed were shoots growth time, shoots length, shoots diameter, number of leaves of seedling, leaf area of ??seedling, number of primary roots, length of primary root, oven dry weight of the root, oven dry weight of shoots, leaf oven weight, photosynthetic partition coefficient and total dry weight of plants.The results of this study showed that the best growth of Robusta coffee cuttings was shown in the 0% leaf cutting treatment with the heaviest total dry weight of the seedlings, which was 4.35 g and experienced an increase of 131.38% compared with 75% leaf cutting.  Interaction of 0% leaf cutting by giving the concentration of onion extract 25% is the best treatment, this can be seen from the observation of the primary root length, but the total oven dry w eight showed no significant difference.
BLIND TEST SCREENING AND DETERMINATION OF BENZODIAZEPINE USING STRIP TEST AND TLC-SPECTROPHOTODENSITOMETRY
Authors: Grantica Purba Teguh
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan metode analisis dengan mengkombinasikan teknik immunoassay (strip test) dengan KLT-Spektrofotodensitometri dalam melakukan skrining, konfirmasi, dan uji determinasi senyawa golongan benzodiazepine dalam sampel urin. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap sampel urin yang belum diketahui senyawa yang terdapat dalam sampel tersebut, kemudian teknik immunoassay (strip test) digunakan sebagai uji pendahuluan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa yang terdapat dalam sampel tersebut, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan preparasi sampel dengan teknik LLE (liquid liquid extraction) menggunakan pelarut organik etil asetat dan dapar fosfat pH 6. Kemudian dilakukan konfirmasi menggunakan metode KLT-Spektrofotodensitometri dengan menerapkan dua sistem fase gerak yaitu sistem TE (etil asetat: metanol: amonia (85: 10: 5 % v/v/v)) dan TA (Metanol : Amonia pekat (100 : 1,5 %v/v)). Dilanjutkan dengan melakukan determinasi menggunakan metode KLT-Spektrofotodensitometri dengan fase diam plat KLT silica gel GF254 nm dan fase gerak sistem TE. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh yaitu dari uji skrining dengan teknik immunoassay, sampel urin positif mengandung senyawa golongan benzodiazepine, kemudian hasil dipertegas dengan uji konfirmasi, yang mana sampel urin memang benar positif mengandung senyawa golongan benzodiazepine dan terkonfirmasi senyawa flurazepam terdapat pada sampel tersebut. Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji determinasi untuk mengetahui secara spesifik kadar flurazepam yang terdapat dalam sampel, yang mana kadar yang diperoleh yakni 297,5480 µg/mL dan nilai ini berada di atas dosis letal karena di dalam sampel mengandung flurazepam dengan kadar ?50-200 µg/mL.
Identifikasi dan Determinasi MDMA dalam Sampel Urine dengan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Authors: Suariyani Desak Putu ayu
Published: September 2020

MDMA (3,4-metilenedioksimet amfetamin) merupakan senyawa semisintetik turunan dari amfetamin tipe stimulan (ATS) yang bekerja dengan cara memicu pelepasan serotonin. MDMA sering disalahgunakan akibat efeknya yang dapat memicu euforia khususnya ditingkat remaja, zat ini sangat berbahaya karana dapat menyebabkan kematian pada pengonsumsi. Analisis MDMA untuk tujuan klinis maupun legal memerlukan suatu metode yang relatif cepat sehingga dipilih metode TLC dibandingkan yang lainnya. Uji identifikasi dilakukan dengan 3 sistem kromatografi yaitu metanol: amonia TA (100:1,5 v/v), metanol: butanol TAF (60:40 v/v), dan Toluena: aseton: etanol: amonia TAEA (45: 45: 7: 3 v/v/v/v). Uji determinasi dilakukan dengan system TAEA dan digunakan MDMA sebagai standar. Hasil uji identifikasi menunjukkan benar dalam sampel terkandung MDMA melalui pendekatan Hrfc dan spektrum. Hasil determinasi menunjukka dalam sampel urin diperoleh masing-masing 134,53 µg/ml dan 112,037 µg/ml.
Rekonstruksi Dengan Metode Perhitungan-Balik Pada Sidang Jessica Kumala Wongso
Authors: Salim Paul
Published: September 2020

Saat persidangan Jessica Kumala Wongso pada tahun 2016, jaksa penuntut umum mengajukan dua ahli kimia yang memakai perhitungan-balik untuk rekonstruksi waktu racun natrium sianida dimasukkan kedalam es kopi Vietnam. Dua ahli kimia tersebut adalah Dr. Nursamran Subandi, MSi dan Dr.Rer.nat. I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta, MSi, Apt. Untuk perhitungan-balik, mereka mengajukan rumus-rumus yang menghubungkan waktu dan konsentrasi ion sianida, menghitung waktu untuk mencapai konsentrasi ion sianida 7900 mg/L yang diukur dari barang bukti kopi, dan mengurangkan waktu terhitung dari 10 Januari 2016, 10:30 (saat 7900 mg/L diukur) untuk menentukan kapan racun sianida dimasukkan kedalam barang bukti. Rumus dari ahli pertama menghasilkan konsentrasi ion sianida dengan SSE (the sum of squares of error) 12036 yang menunjukkan rumus tidak akurat. Ahli ini mengajukan hasil rekonstruksi yang salah ke pengadilan, yaitu 6 Januari 2016, 16:39:36, bukannya hasil yang benar 6 Januari 2016, 16:20:24. Ahli kedua mengajukan dua rumus yang menghasilkan konsentrasi ion sianida dengan SSE 16010 dan 24448 yang menunjukkan rumus tidak akurat. Rekonstruksi yang dihasilkan oleh ahli ini benar, yaitu 6 Januari 2016, 16:28:12 and 16:45:00. Sebagai penganti dari rumus-rumus yang tidak akurat yang ditandai dengan nilai SSE yang tinggi, diajukanlah rumus baru yang lebih akurat dalam menghasilkan konsentrasi ion sianida dengan SSE 50. Dengan rumus ini, rekonstruksi yang dihasilkan adalah 6 Januari 2016, 13:13:12, yang menunjukkan bahwa Jessica Kumala Wongso tidak bersalah, karena dia punya alibi yang kuat pada saat racun sianida dimasukkan kedalam kopi.
UJI SKRINING DAN DETERMINASI KODEIN DALAM SAMPEL URIN
Authors: Priyasana I Putu , Mayagita Gusti Ayu Dinda , Rahmadinha Vallina , Limba Kristina Megi , Armitasari Pande Made Nova
Published: September 2020

Senyawa opiat merupakan golongan narkotika yang sering disalahgunakan. Ahli forensik sangat berperan dalam penanganan hal ini. Hasil pengujian skrining yang diperoleh adalah sampel mengandung senyawa golongan opiat. Pengujian konfirmasi dilakukan dengan mengguakan dua sistem fase gerak yakni sistem TE dan TAE. Nilai windows eror yang diperoleh pada sistem TE dan TAE adalah 10 dan 8. Pendataan senyawa pada rentang hRfc 16,09-36,09 pada sistem TE diperoleh dua senyawa yakni Morfin dan Kodein. Pendataan senyawa pada rentang hRfc 25,1-9,1 juga ditemukan senyawa Morfin dan Codein. Hasil korelasi spektrum sampel dan spektrum pada library menunjukkan nilai korelasi 0,99079 (sistem TE) dan 0,99477 (sistem TAE) terhadap senyawa Kodein. Pengujian determinasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan fase gerak TE. Pengujian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa konsentrasi senyawa Kodein adalah 20,88 ng/µL. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sampel mengandung Kodein pada rentang dosis letalnya.
OBSERVASI PENGKAJIAN RESEP SECARA ADMINISTRATIF PADA APOTEK X DI KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Putri Putu Rika Jesika
Published: September 2020

Prescription screening is one of pharmaceutical care standards in Pharmacy which regulated in Permenkes RI No. 73 Tahun 2016. The aim of this research is to know about the implementation of one pharmaceutical care standards which is presription screening in one of pharmacies in Badung Regency. This research is descriptive observational. Data collection was performed by means of a retrospective (drug prescription data in January-May 2020) in X Pharmacy at Badung Regency with a total sample of 70 prescriptions. Based on the result of administrative screening of prescription, the percentage of incompleteness prescription at pharmacy X are patient name 2,86%, patient  age 45,71%, gender 87,14%, body weight 97,14%, patient address 51,43%, doctor's license (SIP) 42,86%, phone number 14,28%, physician initial 40% and prescription date 7,14%. The doctor's prescription completeness has not fulfilled the administrative prescription completeness requirement according to Permenkes RI No. 73 of 2016.
GENOTOXICITY EFFECT OF CHLOREXIDINE
Authors: SEPTIANI DITA
Published: September 2020

Chlorexidine is a mouthwash that is chosen by many dentists as an antiseptic and antibacterial. CHX has bactericidal properties in gram-positive and negative bacteria and fungi. Chlorhexidine causes damage to the permeability of bacterial cell membranes so that cytoplasmic fluid in bacterial cells and other cell components with lower molecular weight from inside the cell penetrates out through the cell membrane, causing the bacteria to die. Much research has been done to study the biocompatibility of composite resins, especially cytotoxicity and genotoxicity testing. Genotoxicity tests that are often done are comet tests to see DNA damage and micronuclei tests to see genome damage. CHX increases Fe-dependent lipid peroxidation by splitting oxygen bonds with iron ions in Fentonlike reactions, producing alkoxyl radicals. The ROS reaction of unsaturated lipids on cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins results in the formation of lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) which can chemically alter proteins and bases nucleic acid. The content of chlorexidine can have genotoxic effects.

Keyword: Genotoxic, Chlorexidine, comet assay, micronuclei assay
AKTIVITAS HARIAN BURUNG KUNTUL KECIL (Egretta garzetta) DI PULAU SERANGAN, BALI
Authors: RIZKI SYAHPUTRA M. RHEZA , GINANTRA I KETUT , Raka Dalem AA. Gde
Published: September 2020

A study on activity of the Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) was conducted in Serangan Island, southern part ofBali between May and June 2016. The aim of this study was to find out daily activities of these birds in threedifferent habitats: lagoons, mangrove forests and muddy beaches. Preliminary observation was conducted throughAd Libitum sampling, while the sample on the main study was through a scan sampling method. The data wascollected through recording activities of the egret on interval of 30 seconds within two hours. The data collectionwas undertaken in three periods: morning, afternoon and evening. The colony of observed egrets was chosenrandomly across habitats and time periods. Data collected were descriptively or quantitatively analysed. Results ofthe study showed that from the three observation periods, the egret activities were dominated by the sameactivities, that was foraging, but with different magnitudes or percentages. In contrast, activities with the lowestpercentage was agonistic. In the lagoon area, the percentage of the activity of foraging was as follows: in themorning it was 50.15%, in the afternoon 46,62%, and in the evening 49,63%. In mangrove areas the percentage offoraging activities was as follows: in the morning it was 52.46%, in the afternoon 41.60%, and in the evening50.83%. The percentage of foraging activities in muddy beaches was as follows: in the morning it was 50.18%, inthe afternoon 42.70%, and in the evening 49,65%.Keywords : little egret, Serangan Island, daily activities, habitat, Bali
LIPID PROFILE OF MALE LOCAL RABBIT (Lepus sp.) THAT GIVEN COMMERCIAL FEED SUPPLEMENTED BY COD LIVER OIL
Authors: ERMAYANTI NI GUSTI AYU MANIK , OKA I GUSTI LANANG , MAHARDIKA I GEDE , SUYADNYA PUTU
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 

Cod liver oil as a source PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) has very diverse and complex benefits, including for heart health. This study aimed to improve the lipid profile of male local rabbit which was fed commercial supplementation of cod liver oil. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with four feed treatments, ie commercial feed without supplementation of cod liver oil (P0) as control, commercial feed supplemented by cod liver oil 1.5% (P1), commercial feed supplemented by oil liver of 3% cod (P2) and commercial feed supplementation of cod liver oil 4.5% (P3).Each treatment consists of eight rabbits. The variables observed were total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels. The data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA and if significantly different were tested further with DMRT. The results showed that supplementation of cod liver oil with different levels in commercial feed showed significantly different results (P <0.05) on total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels of local rabbit. It can be concluded that supplementation of cod liver oil in commercial feed to the extent 4.5% capable repair the lipid profile of male local rabbit because it can decreased  total cholesterol levels, decrease triglycerides levels, decreased LDL levels, and increased HDL levels.
BIODIVERSITY OF SCLERACTINIAN CORAL AND REEF FISH AT PAPUMA BEACH, JEMBER, EAST JAVA
Authors: LUTHFI OKTIYAS MUZAKY , WIBISONO RENDY VIDYA
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 

Coral reef in Papuma was distributed in 3 to 20 m depth, with sand as main substrate. The coral reef was built from hard coral (scleractinian) and reef fishes. Papuma’s coral reef was interesting to be studied due to they can deal with the extreme environment such as high sand sedimentation, high wave, strong current, and anthropogenic risk. The purpose of this study was to descript distribution of hard coral and their fishes based on quantitative data in Papuma. We used Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method with 100 m long perpendicular with coast line to quantify of coral cover based on their life form. While reef fishes data was obtained using underwater visual census with 100 m long. All data was taken from 3 stasiun they were: station 1 (8°25'59.26"S 113°33'15.07"E), station 2 (8°26'0.93"S 113°33'17.53"E) and station 3 (8°26'2.02"S 113°33'20.06"E), in 3-12 m depth.  The result showed that coral reef in Papuma was dominated by branching coral (CB) from genus Montipora with coral cover 30%, while sand (SD) to be main substrate with 26.9% of coverage.  Montipora is one of genus famili Acroporidae that has faster growth than massive coral and strong branch as an adaptation strategy with strong current. In this research, we also found 137 of reef fishes that was 19% composed by indicator fish (Chaetodontidae). High number of indicator fish can represent of healthy coral reef. High coral cover coverage usually will be followed by increasing number of indicator fish. These fish were obligate corallivorous that consume coral polyp during their life. Coral reef in Papuma contained 10 types of life form and had coral cover about 39.9% in average.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND CHICKEN NUGGETS PRODUCTION PROCESS
Authors: Sanito Raynard C
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTChicken nuggets, the one of protein rich foods, is produced from the chicken meat through several stages ofthe process. This research aimed to identify the potential hazards of chicken nuggets process in final productsbased on physical, chemical and biological hazards perspectives. The hazardous potentials were performedspecifically using observations, interviews and investigations in a slaughterhouse unit and production unit.Furthermore, the finding of data was described qualitatively. The results of this study indicated that there wereseveral potential hazards in physical, chemical and biological in a chicken nugget process. The ear problems,exhausted of workers, watered by heat frying oil were the examples of potential hazards in physical. In addition,contamination of heavy metal in product and the expired of food grade oil were an illustration of chemicalpotential hazards. Then, microorganisms in end products, the source of the pathogen were the examples ofbiological hazards potential. Finally, it could be concluded that chicken nugget factory possessed the physical,chemical, and biological potential hazards.Key words: observations, interviews, findings, microorganisms.
ECONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FRIENDLY OF GROWTH MEDIA FOR EDIBLE MUSHROOM Pleurotus ostreatus MADE OF THE COCONUT WASTE
Authors: CHRISTITA MARGARETTA , SURYAWAN ADY
Published: September 2020

The abundance of coconut waste in North Sulawesi has not been processed and used optimally, then it becomes waste for the environment. Coconut coir processing for planting medium is limited only for coconut peat (coconut husk powder). One drawback in processing coconut peat requires special equipment and the fuel is expensive. This study aimed to compare the use coconut peat and coconut coir as growing medium for white oyster mushroom. Coconut coir was cut 3cm x 2cm x 1cm in size, while the comparison medium uses a coconut peat. Compositions of both media are coconut coir / coconut peat 83%, 16% ricebran, 1% limestone, 60% water.  The result showed that coconut coir more productive than coconut peat. Coconut coir media produces 120.62 grams while the coconut peat media weighing 116.11 grams on each harvesting. Based on the result it can be conclude the usage of coconut coir was better compare than coconut peat for cultivation of oyster mushroom.

 

Key words: Coconut waste, coconut coir, coconut peat, media, mushroom
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ALTITUDE TO THE POLLEN TYPES THAT TRIGONA COLLECTED
Authors: PRATAMA I PUTU NARKA EKA , WATINIASIH NI LUH , GINANTRA I KETUT
Published: September 2020

Trigona is a stingless bee, which has been found in tropical and sub-tropical regions.  Fifty species have been indentified in South East Asian region, but few studies have been conducted in Indonesia.  Plant species commonly differ in different altitudes, due to the climatic effect, therefore will affect the availability of food source for Trigona.  This study aimed to investigate the effect of different altitudes to the pollen types collected and used by Trigona as food resources and the distance of their foraging. Samples of Trigona were collected from 3 locations: Location I was in Mawang and Taro Villages at Gianyar Regency, Location II was in Tua Village at Tabanan Regency and Location III was in Ngis Village at Karangasem Regency. The altitudes of those three locations were 750.87 m, 493.007 m and 147.15 m above sea levels respectively. Pollen samples were processed using the acetolysis methods in the Plant Structure and Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Udayana University and pollen identification was referred to the book of “Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy” (Erdtman, 1972). The results showed that in some cases, the type pollen collected by Trigona differ in different altitude.  Pollen of Allamanda cathartica L was collected by the bee at Gianyar and Karangasem Regencies. Pollen of Capsicum frutescens L. and Euphorbia milii were collected by the bee at Tabanan and Karangasem Regency, while pollen Neomarica longifolia was found in bees in all three locations. The average distances of foraging of this Trigona bee was 147.15 m at Gianyar, 162.21 m at Tabanan and 53.61 m at Karangasem.
CALLUS INDUCTION ON BANANA FLOWER’S EXPLANT IN VITRO USING 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC (2,4-D)
Authors: DWIYANI RINDANG - , YUSWATI HESTIN - , - UTAMI -
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 The objective of the study was to obtain the best 2,4-D concentration on callus induction of the banana flowers in banana propagation using indirect organogenesis method. Kesuna, local banana cultivar obtained from Sembung Gede, Tabanan was used as explant material. Callus induction was performed using 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with concentration of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 ppm. Each treatment was represented by 3 bottles and each bottle was planted with 3 explants, so each treatment was represented by 9 explants of banana flowers. The results showed that the concentration of 2.0 ppm 2.4-D induced callus with the fastest time and gave the highest percentage of the explants producing callus. The calluses were subsequently subcultured into regeneration medium using 0.5 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.005 mg/L Napthaleneaceticacid (NAA). The calluses were subsequently sub-cultured into a regeneration medium using 0.5 ppm (BAP) and 0.005 ppm Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to induce shoots and roots and performed plantlets.

 

Keywords: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, banana’s flowers, callus
IDENTIFICATION OF MICROBES ANTAGONISTIC AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERE ZONE OF WATERMELON
Authors: Nara-Kusuma Anak Agung Ngurah , Ramona Yan , Proborini Meitini Wahyuni
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed to isolate and identify microbes which antagonistic against Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agent of vascular wilt in watermelon plants. The antagonistic microbes were isolated from soil samples collected from rhizosphere of watermelon farm located at west Sanur village, South Denpasar, Bali.  Isolation of fungi and bacteria were conducted on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) and nutrient agar medium (NA), respectively.  Fungal isolates were then observed under light microscope for its morphological characteristics before identification using a reference book.  Bacterial isolates were characterized using various tests, such as gram stain reaction, existence of endospores, catalase reaction, and ability to ferment various sugars.  Their characteristics were then compared with those described in a reference book.  Two fungal species (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride) and two bacterial antagonists (Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.) were found to have potential to be developed as biocontrol agents to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum.
MONITORING KEGIATAN REBOISASI KEBUN RAYA BALI TERHADAP TANAMAN LANGKA DAN BERPOTENSI DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN TABANAN DAN BULELENG, BALI
Authors: PUTRI DYAN M. S. , FAUZI AHMAD
Published: September 2020

Changes in the function of forest land can lead to the existence of even unique endemic species threatened with extinction in nature. Reforestation and monitoring activities were conducted to determine the condition of the crop (plant growth and the percentage of growing plants) so that it can be anticipated the way of handling it and follow up the next activity. Reforestation activities have been conducted since 2003 and monitoring activities were conducted within four years from 2013 to 2016. The location of the activities was done in several planting locations in Tabanan and Buleleng districts. The material used was 36 types of plants that are the result of Bali Botanic Gardens propagation. Data obtained in the form of percentage data of life and plant height (meters) and analyzed descriptively. From the results of this activity it was known that the success rate of successful reforestation plant of selected species were Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laubenf 72%, Elaeocarpus grandiflorus J.E.Sm. 70%, Michelia champaca L. 73%; berulang and Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. 56%. This activity is also expected to save Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laubenf, Elaeocarpus grandiflorus J.E.Sm., and Michelia champaca L.
KEMAJUAN PENELITIAN BIOSINTESIS MONOTERPENA DAN PERANAN Terpene Cyclase: Suatu Kajian Pustaka
Authors: Dalengkade Mario Nikolaus , Fredy Ferry
Published: September 2020

Chain extension, bond?? termination, and rearrangement of C bonds from complex reactions by cyclase create a universal substrate for C10 biosynthesis. From this substrate it consumes abundant C10 in nature. Approved by the researcher as a postulate. Mechanical and genetic studies also prove the postulate. In addition, metal ions as a binder play an important role in C10 biosynthesis and its regulation.
Toxicity of extract seeds custard apple (Annona squamosa) on mortality of mosquito larvae Anopheles sp.
Authors: Ristiati Ni Putu , Dewi Ni Putu Sri Ratna , Mulyadiharja Sanusi , Prastuti Ni Wayan Gunia
Published: September 2020

The aimed of this study were to determine differences of toxicity of custard apple seeds extract at different concentrations on mortality the mosquito larvae of Anopheles sp. and to find the most effective concentration of extract towards the mosquitoes’ mortality. The experiment used Randomised Complete Design. The samples used were instar larvae of Anopheles sp. The crude extracts were obtained through maceration process. The research was conducted for 48 hours at Laboratory of Biology Department of Undiksha. Data were analysed using one way anava. The results showed that there were significant differences in which the value of f count > f table (16.500>2.87).  It showed different concentration of toxicity from custard apple seeds extract on mortality mosquito larvae of Anopheles sp.  The concentration of the extract was linier to the mortality of the Anopheles sp. The most effective concentration extract as a larvacide was 50 ppm.
Antibacterial potency from the waste of durian rind (Durio zibethinus Murr.) against Propionibacterium acnes that causing acnes
Authors: Pratiwi Made Mira , Kawuri Retno , Ardhana I Putu Gede
Published: September 2020

One of the things that could cause pathogenesis of acne is the activity of normal flora bacteria on the skin, one of them is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. The use of extracts which is derived from severalparts of plant such as banana peel, mangosteen peel, dragon fruit peel, potato peel, crinum lily leaf, Marsh fleabane leaf, soursop leaf, soma leaf, green betle vine leaf, and cacao seed that are known to have antibacterial activity could help in acne healing attempt. This research was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Udayana University from December 2017 until March 2018.The research was conducted with the intention toknow the appropriate solvent to obtain the compound type of durian rind extract dissolved with three types of solvent (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate), to look for the smallest resistor value (MIC) of the extract with a solvent that provides the best inhibitory power, and to know the compound type of the extract with a solvent that provides the best inhibitory power. The method is diffusion wells and phytochemical tests. The data that is obtained in the study were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In inhibition test against P. acnes, it is known that the durian rind ethyl acetate extract effectively showed the inhibitory effect on the bacteria growth, with MIC value of 1.1%. The compound that is contained in the durian rind ethyl acetate extract is terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin.
Diversity of weeds on bamboo seedling’s media in Bali Botanical Garden
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo
Published: September 2020

In general, weeds are obnoxious plants that live in an unwanted place and have negative impact towards human, other plants and the environment. The research aimed to know the weeds species composition that composed in the growing media of Guadua chacoensis bamboo. The research was conducted in an open space of the Bali Botanical Garden nursery at an altitude of 1200 m a.s.l. The research was conducted for 3 months from July to October 2004. Results showed that as many as 28 species of weeds were found which included in 15 families. Weeds species compositions in each of the type of growing media are significantly different. In the soil media weeds comprises of Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae) and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae), in the humus media the weeds are Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) and Gynura aurantiaca (Bl.) DC. (Asteraceae), in the cow’s feces media, the weeds is Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthaceae) and laslty in the KOMPENIT fertilizer media the weeds comprises of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.(Poaceae), Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex R. & S. (Caryophyllaceae ) and Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae).
Diversity of parasitoid Hymenoptera in banana germplasm plantation Yogyakarta
Authors: Putra Ichsan Luqmana Indra
Published: September 2020

Banana is one of the fruits in Indonesia. The development of its production in Indonesia has increased. However, there are several factors that can reduce the production, one of which is pests. Pests on bananas can be controlled with natural enemies, one of which is parasitoid. The study aimed to calculate the diversity and abundance of parasitoids in the Yogyakarta banana germplasm plantation. The research was carried out in an area of approximately 2 Ha from April to June 2018 with sampling taken once a week. Sampling method used was in the form of transect. The determination of the transect point is determined as far as 500m between sampling points. At each sampling point carried out 2 sampling methods. Direct method by taking pests on 3 banana plants at each point and indirect with insect net and yellow pan traps. The results found that Shannon-Wiener Index value was 3.29. 22 Hymenoptera parasitoid families were found with the highest morphospecies were superfamily Chalcidoidea and the highest number of individuals were Scelionidae.
Number of spermatogenic cells and testes histology of mice (Mus musculus L.) after treated with different times and intervals of red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) leaf extract
Authors: Pranadya Ni Made Estriana , Setyawati Iriani , Yulihastuti Dwi Ariani
Published: September 2020

Tannin compounds in the form of tanic acid are known to inhibit the acrosine activity of spermatozoa and plasminogen activator, which is an antifertility mechanism. Red Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) leaves have the potential to be developed as herbal medicines, but these leaves contain high condensed tannins, so research needs to be done to determine the effect of red kaliandra leaf extract on the reproduction of male mice.This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) in a factorial patern with four doses and three replications, i.e. control (NaCl 0,9%), doses of red caliandra leaf extract of 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg body weight and time interval of 7, 14 and 21 days. The testes organ were taken and processed histologically by Paraffin Methods and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Parameters observed were the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocyte and spermatid cells of male mice. A directly calculation method was done by observed the cells of tubulus seminiferous histology for each treatment used a microscope camera and Image Raster software (Optilab). The data were analyzed with One Way Anova and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extract with different doses and time intervals decreased the amount of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids cells in the testes tubulus seminiferous of male mice, the arrangement of spermatogenic cells are increasingly irregular and the lumen were not full filled with spermatozoa cells.
Prevalensi dan frekuensi gen buta warna siswa sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Badung, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Karolina Ni Wayan , Pharmawati Made , Setyawati Iriani
Published: September 2020

Buta warna merupakan penyakit keturunan yang terpaut kromosom-X. Buta warna terdiri atas tiga tipe yaitumonokromat (buta warna total), dikromat (buta warna parsial), dan anomali trikromat. Sebagian besar cacatbuta warna tidak terdeteksi, sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi sejak dini. Tujuan dari penelitian iniadalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan frekuensi gen buta warna pada populasi siswa SD di KabupatenBadung. Kabupaten Badung merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Bali yang terdiri atas enam kecamatan yaituKecamatan Petang, Kecamatan Abiansemal, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kecamatan Kuta Utara, Kecamatan Kuta,dan Kecamatan Kuta Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan di 11 Sekolah Dasar di tiga kecamatan (Petang,Abiansemal, dan Kuta Utara) dengan total probandus 900 orang. Pengujian cacat buta warna dilakukandengan uji Ishihara plate test, kemudian data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 22. Frekuensi gen dikalkulasidengan metode Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Prevalensi buta warna pada siswa SD di Kabupaten Badungyaitu 2% dari 900 probandus. Frekuensi gen buta warna pada laki-laki yaitu 0,0378 dan pada perempuanyaitu 0,0022. Perbedaan jenis kelamin pada frekuensi buta warna didapatkan signifikan secara statistik (P <0,0001), dengan prevalensi pada laki-laki 3,78% lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan 0,22%
A study of essential oil from an invasive Piper aduncum L.
Authors: Wibawa I Putu Agus Hendra , Saraswaty Vienna , Kuswantoro Farid , Andila Putri Sri , Wardhani Putri Kesuma , Tirta I Gede , Sujarwo Wawan
Published: September 2020

An invasive Piper aduncum is a plant species that potentially produces essential oil. The study aims todetermine the percentage, phytochemical compounds, and anti-fungal properties of essential oil producedfrom the leaves and fruits of Piper aduncum. The study showed that the leaves and fruits of P. aduncumcontain 0.30% and 0.33% of essential oil, respectively. Apiol is the most abundant phytochemical compoundobtained in essential oil of leaves and fruits of P. aduncum with 57.10% and 66.31%, respectively. Weconclude that essential oil obtained in this study is able to inhibit the growth of both Aspergillus niger andCladosporium sp. but not for Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani.
Keanekaragaman katak dan kodok (Amphibia: Anura) di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Yudha Donan Satria , Eprilurahman Rury , Asti Hastin Ambar , Azhar Herofi , Wisudhaningrum Nurrochmah , Lestari Puji , Markhamah Siti , Sujadi Imam
Published: September 2020

Frogs and toads commonly found by human. Frogs and toads could become a bio-indicator of anenvironment. Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest area which posses several animal to protect and it’slocated in Gunungkidul Regency, Province of DIY. The diversity of frogs and toads in this wildlifesanctuary is not yet recorded and published. The aim of this research is to understand the diversity of frogsand toads in the area of Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary. The results there were 9 species of frogs and toads, i.e.,Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Ingerophrynus biporcatus, Fejervarya limnocharis, Kaloula baleata,Occidozyga lima, Occidozyga sumatrana, Microhyla orientalis, Microhyla palmipes and Polypedatesleucomystax. The diversity of frogs and toads in the wildlife sanctuary is moderate according to theShannon-Wiener Index with value: 1,43. Area of Paliyan Wildlife Sanctuary is a suitable habitat for frogsand toads due to its location with dense forest, bushes, rivers, lakes and pools as well as least humanactivities.
Keberadaan bakteri patogen pada sampel pangan jajanan anak sekolah dasar di Pulau Sapeken, Sumenep, Jawa Timur
Authors: Dayanara Ivani , Kawuri Retno , Yulihastuti Dwi Ariani
Published: September 2020

School children snacks are food that is found and routinely consumed by children in the school environment.Good and healthy food must be free from hazardous and toxic materials, such as microbial contamination,chemicals and other materials. The consumed food must meet the microbial contamination requirementsbased on SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) safety testing. Pathogenic bacteria still a serious problem invarious countries including Indonesia, since they are capable of causing foodborne diseases. Sapeken Islandis located in Sapeken Village, Sapeken District, Sumenep Regency, East Java Province. The purpose of thestudy was to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in samples of snacks for school children onSapeken Island. The method used was the Most Probable Number (MPN) for Escherichia coli, Test Numberof Bacillus sp., Test Number of Staphyllococcus sp., Identification of Salmonella, and Total Plate Count(TPC). The test results obtained in the MPN of Escherichia coli included SD M (9.9 ± 3.8) MPN / g, SD 5(8.68 ± 2.73) MPN / g, SD IT (5.08 ± 0.66) MPN / g, and SD 4 (4.26 ± 2.44) MPN / g exceed the SNI limit.JURNAL BIOLOGI UDAYANA 23(2): 60-71 P ISSN: 1410-5292 E ISSN: 2599-285661The results of JPT E. coli in snack empek-empek at SD I and SD 2, and JPT E. coli ojek in all elementaryschools is <3 MPN / g. The results of the empek-empek and ojek samples in all elementary schools for alltests with the parameter number Bacillus sp. is <1 x 103, the number of Staphylococcus sp. is <1 x 102,Salmonella identification is negative, TPC is <1 x 105 CFU / g. The conclusion of the study is snack forschool children (empek-empek) and ojek on Sapeken Island does not contain contamination of pathogenicbacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella identification, and TPC, except forthe JPT E. coli test on empek empek in SD M, SD 5, SD IT and SD 4 that exceed SNI limits.
Efek ekstrak etanol kedelai hitam (Glycine soja) terhadap ketebalan dermis mencit (Mus musculus L.) pasca unilateral ovariektomi
Authors: Akyun Isna Kurotul , Fajariyah Susantin , Mahriani Mahriani
Published: September 2020

Estrogen is a steroid hormone produced by the ovaries. Estrogen is a hormone that triggers collagensynthesis by fibroblast.Collagen has affects for thickness of dermis.Estrogen deficiency can lead disruptioncollagen synthesis, so has an impact on decline dermis thickness. Unilateral ovariectomy is the act ofremoval of one ovary in the female reproductive system and is a model for estrogen deficiency. Thecondition of estrogen deficiency can be overcome by giving phytoestrogens. Black soybean seed is one ofphytoestrogens source. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black soybean extract afterovariectomy on increasing on dermis thickness (Mus musculus L.). The dosage of black soybean ethanolextract used was 0.31 g / ml / day and 0.63 g / ml / day administered orally (gavage) for 20 days. The resultsshowed a dose of 0.31 g / ml / day may and 0.63 g / ml / day increase dermis thickness of mice.
Kebiasaan makan ikan gelodok (Famili: Gobiidae) lokal Jawa Timur
Authors: Juniar Anisya Eka , Rosyada Syefrina , Nur S Ahnan Mahfudz , Rahayu Dwi Anggorowati
Published: September 2020

Ikan gelodok termasuk dalam Famili Gobiidae Subfamili Oxudercinae terbagi mencapai 10 genus dan 36 spesies dan sebagian besar terdistribusi di wilayah Indo-Pasific serta Oceania. Kebiasaan makanan ikan gelodok meliputi jenis makanan, frekuensi kejadian dan nilai bagian terbesar dari komposisi makanannya. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu survei melalui penyisiran di lokasi-lokasi pengambilan sampel ikan gelodok yaitu di empat lokasi yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dua kelompok makanan besar ikan gelodok yaitu Fitoplankton terdiri atas Nitzschia sp., Pleurosigma sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Biddulphia sp., Chaetocheros sp., Thalassiothrix sp. dan Embrio ikan. Ikan gelodok yang ditemukan dari keempat lokasi adalah herbivora. Presentase nilai satu jenis makanan atau nilai Ni diperoleh jenis makanan dengan ukuran diameter yang besar pada organ pencernaan ikan gelodok ialah dari spesies jenis makanan Coscinodiscus sp., Biddulphia sp., Pleurosigma sp.
Keragaman genetik masyarakat Pande Bangke Mawong di Desa Sumita, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali berdasarkan penanda DNA mikrosatelit kromosom Y
Authors: Suryadi I Gde , Junitha I Ketut , Pharmawati Made
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat Pande Bangke Mawong di Desa Sumita merupakan salah satu bagian klan besar Pande di Bali. Asal-usul masyarakat Pande di Desa Sumita tersebut diketahui masih menjadi kontroversi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik masyarakat Pande Bangke Mawong di Desa Sumita berdasarkan penanda DNA mikrosatelit kromosom Y. Sampel diambil di Desa Sumita dan beberapa desa di Bali sebagai pembanding dengan metode purposive sampling. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi DNA dengan metode fenol-kloroform yang telah dimodifikasi, amplifikasi DNA menggunakan penanda DNA mikrosatelit dengan lima macam primer yaitu DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, DYS395, dan SRY, elektroforesis produk PCR dengan Polyacrilamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) 10%, visualisasi DNA dengan metode pewarnaan perak nitrat, dan DNA typing ditentukan melalui ukuran panjang DNA amplikon dengan mengukur jarak migrasinya pada gel yang diplot pada kertas semilog. Data frekuensi alel dan keragaman genetik dianalisis menggunakan software GenAlex 6.5. Hubungan kekerabatan dianalisis dengan metode UPGMA menggunakan software MEGA 7. Ditemukan delapan alel dan tiga haplotipe pada masyarakat Pande Bangke Mawong di Desa Sumita. Pada masyarakat Pande lainnya ditemukan 12 alel dan enam haplotipe. Nilai keragaman genetik masyarakat Pande di Desa Sumita adalah 0,035±0,014, sedangkan pada masyarakat Pande lainnya sebesar 0,432±0,112. Ragam alel dan haplotipe yang ditemukan pada masyarakat Pande Bangke Mawong menunjukkan adanya proses mikroevolusi yang disebabkan mutasi genetik. Hubungan kekerabatan masyarakat Pande di Desa Sumita paling dekat dengan masyarakat Pande di Desa Tenganan Pegringsingan dan Desa Renon yang dikenal sebagai salah satu desa tua di Bali.
Kapang endofit sebagai sumber senyawa aktif antivirus yang menjanjikan: Suatu Kajian Pustaka
Authors: Septiana Eris
Published: September 2020

Infeksi virus masih menjadi masalah di seluruh negara di dunia. Vaksinasi dan penggunaan obat-obatan antivirus masih terus dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk menanggulangi infeksi virus. Kemunculan serotipe virus baru yang resisten terhadap obat antivirus yang ada telah meningkatkan usaha pencarian senyawa antivirus baru dari alam. Kapang endofit merupakan salah satu sumber senyawa antivirus yang sangat melimpah di alam. Beberapa senyawa antivirus yang aktif terhadap beberapa jenis virus penyebab infeksi pada manusia telah diisolasi dari kapang endofit. Senyawa emodin dari kapang endofit Aspergillus versicolor, aspergillipeptides D dari Aspergillus sp., dan altertoxin V dari Alternaria tenuissima masing-masing memiliki aktivitas antivirus terhadap virus hepatitis C, herpes, dan HIV melalui pengujian secara in vitro. Sedangkan senyawa katekin dari Annulohypoxylon ilanense, norquinadoline A dari Cladosporium sp., dan isochaetochromin D1 dari Fusarium sp. memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap SARS-CoV-2 secara in silico. Pengembangan senyawa aktif antivirus dari kapang endofit perlu ditingkatkan. Pengembangan meliputi pemilihan metode isolasi senyawa aktif yang optimal, penelitian lebih lanjut tentang mekanisme kerja senyawa antivirus, pengujian secara in vivo hingga uji pre klinis dan klinis. Pengembangan senyawa antivirus dari kapang endofit yang optimal diharapkan akan menghasilkan obat antivirus baru yang lebih efektif dalam pengobatan terhadap infeksi virus.
Biokontrol arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus spp. terhadap infeksi Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht et Fr. pada tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Raisani Ni Putu Muni , Proborini Meitini Wahyuni , Suriani Ni Luh , Kriswiyanti Eniek
Published: September 2020

Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht et Fr. merupakan patogen tular tanah yang dapat menyebabkan layu fusarium pada cabai rawit. Penggunaan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) sebagai simbion dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap infeksi jamur pathogen F.oxysporum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh FMA sebagai biokontrol pertumbuhan tanaman cabai rawit terhadap infeksi F. oxysprum serta efektivitas pemberian FMA untuk menurunkan intensitas serangan penyakit layu fusarium. Bibit cabai rawit ditumbuhkan pada media tanah steril (kontrol negatif), tanah steril dan 10 ml patogen (kontrol positif), tanah steril dan FMA 100 g, FMA 100 g dan 10 ml patogen,  tanah steril dan 200 g FMA, FMA 200 g dan 10 ml patogen, tanah steril dan 300 g FMA dan 10 ml patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 200 g spora FMA menunjukkan pengaruh berbeda nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering akar dan berat kering tajuk tanaman cabai rawit berumur tiga bulan. Sedangkan inokulasi 300 g FMA memberikan hasil terbaik pada buah cabai dan persentase kolonisasi FMA sebesar 84, 45%. Inokulasi 300 g FMA menurunkan infeksi F. oxysporum saat 30 Hari Setelah Tanam (HST) sebesar 3.36%. Kesimpulan dari riset ini menunjukkan inokulasi FMA Glomus spp.  mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat kering akar dan berat kering tajuk, kecepatan berbunga dan ketahanan tanaman terhadap infeksi jamur F. oxysporum.
An Analysis of Types of Taboo Words in Parker Movie
Authors: Sari Yunita Permata
Published: September 2020

This research focuses on types of taboo words that used in Parker movie. This research is a qualitative research. The data of this research were taken from Parker movie. Data were collected by using an observation method and non- participant technique (Sudaryanto,2015) . The data are analyzed using the pragmatic identity method (Sudaryanto, 2015). In analyzing the data, the researchers applying Battistella (2005) theory. The result of this research was presented using an informal method.The researcher found out three types of taboo word that appeared in Parker Movie. There are obscenity types, profanity types, and epithet types. Obscenity is the type with the highest number of occurrences, followed profanity type after that. Then, the least number of occurences is epithet type.