bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4-2-4 Laminate hotspot identification and joule heating effect assessment via thermoelectrical simulation
Authors: Yang Zhi , Rivera Kathryn C. , Patel Janak , Tremble Eric , Stone David B. , Choi Kwang Won , Blackshear Edmund
Published: December 2019

Laminates or sequential build-up (SBU) laminate comprised of dielectric materials, metal traces, and metal vias not only serve as the mechanical support for the silicon integrated circuits (ICs), but also electrically connect ICs to ball grid array (BGA); by way of an embedded power delivery structure. Electrical current required to power the ICs is carried through spatially distributed metal traces and vias. The non-uniformity in the power distribution may induce hotspots due to parasitic Ohmic heating; especially in regions with high current density. Electrical packaging engineers need effective tools to identify, quantify, and mitigate hot spots in the laminate. Thermoelectrical multiphysical simulation provides a robust platform integrating the electrical, and thermal analyses for the study of joule heating in a complex design. Conventional simulations simplify detailed laminate wiring layout as a single planar with effective orthogonal material properties. Such simplification provides a solution to the inherent simulation challenges encountered with a complex design (i.e. tiny characteristic lengths, high aspect ratios, excessive computational time and resources). However, simplification comes with a price. Information required to optimize the detail trace and via wiring physical design is unavailable in a solution incorporating an effective laminate; laminate joule heating as well as non-uniform trace wiring are left out. The laminate temperature profile is averaged based on effective material properties. Without accurate joule heating evaluation, the hotspots cannot be identified or quantified. Overheating inside the laminate compromises signal speed and integrity, raises reliability concerns, and may even trigger catastrophic damage of dielectric material breakdown.

This work introduces an iterative approach integrating the detailed laminate electrical computer aided design (ECAD) and package design to simulate the joule heating with minimum simplification. The iterative loop enables constant update of temperature (thru thermal simulation platform) and power distribution (thru electrical simulation platform) in each trace layer and via. An accurate temperature dependent Joule Heating assessment is achieved upon convergence. The solution captures the dependence on temperature of the material properties and of the Joule heating itself. The package level structure including an IC with a power map is incorporated to simulate in-situ package operating condition. After thorough investigation and analyses of laminate joule heating phenomena under different conditions, a predictive curve for maximum temperature rise percentage has been proposed to guide laminate wiring layout physical design and optimization. A ratio exceeding 4–5% joule heating to IC power is recommended as the check point for simulation to assess laminate overheating issues with detailed trace layout information.
Development of High Thermally Conductive Die Attach for TIM Applications
Authors: Patelka Maciej , Ikeda Sho , Sasaki Koji , Myodo Hiroki , Mizumura Nortisuka
Published: December 2019

High power semiconductor applications require a Thermal Interface Die Attach Material with high thermal conductivity to efficiently release the heat generated from these devices. Current Thermal Interface Material solutions such as thermal grease, thermal pads and silicones have been industry standards, however may fall short in performance for high temperature or high-power applications. This presentation will focus on development of a cutting-edge Die Attach Solution for Thermal Interface Management, focusing on Fusion Type epoxy-based Ag adhesive with an extremally low Storage Modulus and the Thermal Conductivity reaching up to 30W/mK, and also Very Low Modulus, Low-Temperature Pressureless Sintered Silver Die Attach with the Thermal Conductivity of 70W/mK.
Unicuspid Unicommissural Aortic Valve in Young Adult: Rare Congenital Abnormality Presenting as Symptomatic and Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kumar Raj , Bhat Showkat Hussain , Bansal Bharat , Karanjiya Rajesh , Mehrotra Rahul
Published: December 2019

Isolated aortic valve stenosis in adults with or without aortic regurgitation is almost always secondary to a congenital valvular malformation. These congenital malformations usually present as a bicuspid, quadricuspid, or unicuspid aortic valve. The unicuspid acommissural valve has no commissures or lateral attachments to the aorta at the level of the orifice and appears as a pinhole on imaging. The unicommissural UAV has one lateral commissural attachment to the aorta at the level of the orifice and appears as a slit-shaped structure. We report the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with dyspnea, palpitations and one episode of syncope on exertion. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed a stenotic, unicuspid, unicommissural aortic valve with dilated ascending aorta. He underwent successful aortic valve replacement since the ascending aorta was only mildly dilated (40 mm). Postoperative course was uneventful and discharge from the hospital in stable condition.
Rare Case of Unicuspid Unicommissural Aortic Valve Presenting in an Adult as Infective Endocarditis, Aortic Root Abscess, and Complete Heart Block
Authors: Chalwade Rahul Subhashrao
Published: December 2019

Unicuspid aortic valve is a very rare congenital anomaly of aortic valve. Acommissural form usually presents at birth and unicommissural form presents in adulthood. They usually present as dyspnea, angina, and/or syncope. Mostly, it is detected on autopsy or pathological examination of surgically excised valve. Here, we present a rare case of unicuspid unicommissural aortic valve presenting with infective endocarditis with aortic root abscess and complete heart block. The patient was diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to illness before surgery.
Nearly Parallel G2-structures with Large Symmetry Group
Authors: Podestà Fabio
Published: December 2019

We prove the existence of a one-parameter family of nearly parallel G2-structures on the manifold $\text{S}^{3}\times \mathbb{R}^{4}$, which are mutually non-isomorphic and invariant under the cohomogeneity one action of the group SU(2)3. This family connects the two locally homogeneous nearly parallel G2-structures that are induced by the homogeneous ones on the sphere S7.
Non-kissing and non-crossing complexes for locally gentle algebras
Authors: Palu Yann , Pilaud Vincent , Plamondon Pierre-Guy
Published: December 2019

Starting from a locally gentle bound quiver, we define on the one hand a simplicial complex, called the non-kissing complex. On the other hand, we construct a punctured, marked, oriented surface with boundary, endowed with a pair of dual dissections. From those geometric data, we define two simplicial complexes: the accordion complex, and the slalom complex, generalizing work of A. Garver and T. McConville in the case of a disk. We show that all three simplicial complexes are isomorphic, and that they are pure and thin. In particular, there is a notion of mutation on their facets, akin to -tilting mutation. Along the way, we also construct inverse bijections between the set of isomorphism classes of locally gentle bound quivers and the set of homeomorphism classes of punctured, marked, oriented surfaces with boundary, endowed with a pair of dual dissections.
Flow by Gauss curvature to the Aleksandrov and dual Minkowski problems
Authors: Li Qi-Rui , Sheng Weimin , Wang Xu-Jia
Published: December 2019

In this paper we study a contracting flow of closed, convex hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space

\mathbb R^{n+1}

with speed

f r^{\alpha} K

, where

K

is the Gauss curvature,

r

is the distance from the hypersurface to the origin, and

f

is a positive and smooth function. If

\alpha \ge n+1

, we prove that the flow exists for all time and converges smoothly after normalisation to a soliton, which is a sphere if

f \equiv 1

. Our argument provides a new proof in the smooth category for the classical Aleksandrov problem, and resolves the dual

q

-Minkowski problem introduced by Huang, Lutwak, Yang and Zhang [30] for

q < 0

. If

\alpha < n+1

, corresponding to the case

q > 0

, we also establish the same results for even function

f

and origin-symmetric initial condition, but for non-symmetric

f

, counterexample is given for the above smooth convergence.
Curve counting on elliptic Calabi–Yau threefolds via derived categories
Authors: Oberdieck Georg , Shen Junliang
Published: December 2019

We prove the elliptic transformation law of Jacobi forms for the generating series of Pandharipande–Thomas invariants of an elliptic Calabi–Yau threefold over a reduced class in the base. This proves part of a conjecture by Huang, Katz, and Klemm. For the proof we construct an involution of the derived category and use wall-crossing methods. We express the generating series of PT invariants in terms of low genus Gromov–Witten invariants and universal Jacobi forms. As applications we prove new formulas and recover several known formulas for the PT invariants of

\mathrm{K3} \times E

, abelian 3-folds, and the STU-model. We prove that the generating series of curve counting invariants for

\mathrm{K3} \times E

with respect to a primitive class on the

\mathrm{K3}

is a quasi-Jacobi form of weight

–10

. This provides strong evidence for the Igusa cusp form conjecture.
Mini-Workshop: Algebraic, Geometric, and Combinatorial Methods in Frame Theory
Authors: King Emily J. , Manon Christopher , Mixon Dustin G. , Vinzant Cynthia
Published: December 2019

Frames are collections of vectors in a Hilbert space which have reconstruction properties similar to orthonormal bases and applications in areas such as signal and image processing, quantum information theory, quantization, compressed sensing, and phase retrieval. Further desirable properties of frames for robustness in these applications coincide with structures that have appeared independently in other areas of mathematics, such as special matroids, Gel’fand–Zetlin polytopes, and combinatorial designs. Within the past few years, the desire to understand these structures has led to many new fruitful interactions between frame theory and fields in pure mathematics, such as algebraic and symplectic geometry, discrete geometry, algebraic combinatorics, combinatorial design theory, and algebraic number theory. These connections have led to the solutions of several open problems and are ripe for further exploration. The central goal of our mini-workshop was to attack open problems that were amenable to an interdisciplinary approach combining certain subfields of frame theory, geometry, and combinatorics.
Enveloping Algebras and Geometric Representation Theory
Authors: Gordon Iain G. , Leclerc Bernard , Soergel Wolfgang
Published: December 2019

The workshop brought together experts investigating algebraic Lie theory from the geometric and categorical viewpoints.
Mini-Workshop: Numerical Analysis for Non-Smooth PDE-Constrained Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Brenner Susanne C. , Leykekhman Dmitriy , Vexler Boris
Published: December 2019

This mini-workshop brought together leading experts working on various aspects of numerical analysis for optimal control problems with nonsmoothness. Fifteen extended abstracts summarize the presentations at this mini-workshop.
Mini-Workshop: Innovative Trends in the Numerical Analysis and Simulation of Kinetic Equations
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Frank Martin , Hu Jingwei , Pareschi Lorenzo
Published: December 2019

In multiscale modeling hierarchy, kinetic theory plays a vital role in connecting microscopic Newtonian mechanics and macroscopic continuum mechanics. As computing power grows, numerical simulation of kinetic equations has become possible and undergone rapid development over the past decade. Yet the unique challenges arising in these equations, such as high-dimensionality, multiple scales, random inputs, positivity, entropy dissipation, etc., call for new advances of numerical methods. This mini-workshop brought together both senior and junior researchers working on various fast-paced growing numerical aspects of kinetic equations. The topics include, but were not limited to, uncertainty quantification, structure-preserving methods, phase transitions, asymptotic-preserving schemes, and fast methods for kinetic equations.
Osons la différence
Authors: Mysak Tania
Published: December 2019

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Daring To Be Different
Authors: Mysak Tania
Published: December 2019

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Restauración del Mausoleo de Sidi Bou Guertif, El Khorbat, Marruecos
Authors: Gil-Piqueras Teresa , Rodríguez-Navarro Pablo
Published: December 2019

La presente contribución describe el proceso de investigación e intervención que los autores han seguido para la restauración del Mausoleo de Sidi Bou Guertif. El proceso metodológico se ha basado en el conocimiento previo de los sistemas constructivos, así como de las técnicas de conservación y recuperación-reconstrucción empleadas por los maestros de obras de la región, prácticas que son respetuosas con el edificio y que se encuentran validadas por su uso durante siglos. Además el proyecto contempló la incorporación de jóvenes locales interesados en conocer estos oficios que lamentablemente van desapareciendo, pero que son absolutamente necesarios para poder preservar este patrimonio en peligro.
Estabilidade na mudança: famílias de partidos e a hipótese do congelamento do sistema partidário no Brasil (1982-2018)
Authors: Guarnieri Fernando
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo pretendo estudar a dinâmica do sistema partidário brasileiro a partir da hipótese do “congelamento” do sistema partidário de Lipset e Rokkan (1967). Quando agrupamos os partidos em famílias vemos que, entre os anos 1990 até o fim da primeira década do século XXI, o sistema partidário brasileiro parece tão “congelado” quanto o europeu. Após 2010, assim como na Europa, pequenos partidos de direita ganham força, mas o apoio das grandes famílias “esquerda” e “direita” permanece relativamente constante. Também constato alguma estabilidade quando se agrupa os partidos conforme sua genealogia. Essa dinâmica é similar àquela dos sistemas partidários europeus. A contribuição do artigo está em ser o primeiro a testar explicitamente a aplicação da hipótese do congelamento do sistema partidário de Lipset e Rokkan para o caso brasileiro, assim como o primeiro a sugerir a construção de famílias partidárias de modo sistemático utilizando as sugestões de Mair e Mudde (1998).
Long-lived high-frequency gravity waves in the atmospheric boundary layer: observations and simulations
Authors: Jia Mingjiao , Yuan Jinlong , Wang Chong , Xia Haiyun , Wu Yunbin , Zhao Lijie , Wei Tianwen , Wu Jianfei , Wang Lu , Gu Sheng-Yang , Liu Liqun , Lu Dachun , Chen Rulong , Xue Xianghui , Dou Xiankang
Published: December 2019

Abstract. A long-lived gravity wave (GW) in the atmospheric
boundary layer (ABL) is analysed during a field experiment in Anqing, China
(30∘37′ N, 116∘58′ E).
Persistent GWs with periods ranging from 10 to 30 min over 10 h in the
ABL within a 2 km height are detected by a coherent Doppler lidar from 4 to
5 September 2018. The amplitudes of the vertical wind due to these GWs are
approximately 0.15–0.2 m s−1. The lifetimes of these GWs
are longer than 20 wave cycles. There is no apparent phase progression with
altitude. The vertical and zonal perturbations in the GWs are 90∘
out of phase, with vertical perturbations generally leading to zonal
ones. Based on experiments and simplified two-dimensional computational
fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations, a reasonable generation
mechanism of this persistent wave is proposed. A westerly low-level jet of
∼5 m s−1 exists at an altitude of 1–2 km in the ABL. The wind shear around the low-level jet leads to wave generation
under the condition of light horizontal wind. Furthermore, a combination of
thermal and Doppler ducts occurs in the ABL. Thus, the ducted wave motions
are trapped in the ABL and have long lifetimes.
A numerical method to improve the spatial interpolation of water vapor from numerical weather models: a case study in South and Central America
Authors: Fernández Laura I. , Meza Amalia M. , Natali M. Paula , Bianchi Clara E.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Commonly, numerical weather model (NWM) users can get the vertically integrated water vapor (IWV) value at a given location from the values at nearby grid points. In this study we used a validated and freely available global navigation satellite system (GNSS) IWV data set to analyze the very well-known effect of height differences. To this end, we studied the behavior of 67 GNSS stations in Central and South America with the prerequisite that they have a minimum of 5 years of data during the period from 2007 to 2013. The values of IWV from GNSS were compared with the respective values from ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 from the same period.
Firstly, the total set of stations was compared in order to detect cases in which the geopotential difference between GNSS and NWM required correction. An additive integral correction to the IWV values from ERA-Interim was then proposed. For the calculation of this correction, the multilevel values of specific humidity and temperature given at 37 pressure levels by ERA-Interim were used. The performance of the numerical integration method was tested by accurately reproducing the IWV values at every individual grid point surrounding each of the GNSS sites under study.
Finally, considering the IWVGNSS values as a reference, the improvement introduced to the IWVERA-Interim values after correction was analyzed. In general, the corrections were always recommended, but they are
not advisable in marine coastal areas or on islands as at least two grid points of the model are usually in the water. In such cases, the additive correction could overestimate the IWV.
Estimates of tree root water uptake from soil moisture profile dynamics
Authors: Jackisch Conrad , Knoblauch Samuel , Blume Theresa , Zehe Erwin , Hassler Sibylle K.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Root water uptake (RWU) as one important process in the terrestrial water cycle can help to better understand the interactions in the soil water plant system. We conducted a field study monitoring soil moisture profiles in the rhizosphere of beech trees at two sites with different soil conditions. We infer RWU from step-shaped, diurnal changes in soil moisture. While this approach is a feasible, easily implemented method during wet and moderate conditions, limitations were identified during drier states and for more heterogeneous soil settings. A comparison with time series of xylem sap velocity reveals that RWU and sap flow are complementary measures of the transpiration process. The high correlation between the sap flow time series of the two sites, but lower correlation between the RWU time series, suggests that the trees adapt RWU to soil heterogeneity and site differences.
Spiky fluctuations and scaling in high-resolution EPICA ice core dust fluxes
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun , Lambert Fabrice
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric variability as a function of scale has been divided in various
dynamical regimes with alternating increasing and decreasing fluctuations:
weather, macroweather, climate, macroclimate, and megaclimate. Although a vast
amount of data are available at small scales, the larger picture is not well
constrained due to the scarcity and low resolution of long paleoclimatic
time series. Using statistical techniques originally developed for the study of turbulence, we analyse the fluctuations of a centimetric-resolution dust flux time series from the EPICA Dome C ice core in Antarctica that spans the past 800 000 years. The temporal resolution ranges from annual at the top of the core to 25 years at the bottom, enabling the detailed statistical analysis and comparison of eight glaciation cycles and the subdivision of each cycle into eight consecutive phases. The unique span and resolution of the dataset allows us to analyse the macroweather and climate scales in detail. We find that the interglacial and glacial maximum phases of each cycle showed particularly large macroweather to climate transition scale τc (around 2 kyr), whereas mid-glacial phases feature centennial transition scales (average of 300 years). This suggests that interglacials and glacial maxima are exceptionally stable when compared with the rest of a glacial cycle. The Holocene (with τc≈7.9 kyr) had a particularly large τc, but it was not an outlier when compared with the phases 1 and 2 of other cycles. We hypothesize that dust variability at larger (climate) scales appears to be predominantly driven by slow changes in glaciers and vegetation cover,
whereas at small (macroweather) scales atmospheric processes and changes in
the hydrological cycles are the main drivers. For each phase, we quantified the drift, intermittency, amplitude, and extremeness of the variability. Phases close to the interglacials (1, 2, 8)
show low drift, moderate intermittency, and strong extremes, while the
“glacial” middle phases 3–7 display strong drift, weak intermittency, and weaker extremes. In other words, our results suggest that glacial maxima, interglacials, and glacial inceptions were characterized by relatively stable atmospheric conditions but punctuated by frequent and severe droughts, whereas the mid-glacial climate was inherently more unstable.
Improvement in the decadal prediction skill of the North Atlantic extratropical winter circulation through increased model resolution
Authors: Schuster Mareike , Grieger Jens , Richling Andy , Schartner Thomas , Illing Sebastian , Kadow Christopher , Müller Wolfgang A. , Pohlmann Holger , Pfahl Stephan , Ulbrich Uwe
Published: December 2019

Abstract. In this study the latest version of the MiKlip decadal hindcast system is analyzed, and the effect of an increased horizontal and vertical resolution on the prediction skill of the extratropical winter circulation is assessed. Four different metrics – the storm track, blocking, cyclone and windstorm frequencies – are analyzed in the North Atlantic and European region. The model bias and the deterministic decadal hindcast skill are evaluated in ensembles of five members in a lower-resolution version (LR, atm: T63L47, ocean: 1.5∘ L40) and a higher-resolution version (HR, atm: T127L95, ocean: 0.4∘ L40) of the MiKlip system based on the Max Planck Institute Earth System model (MPI-ESM). The skill is assessed for the lead winters 2–5 in terms of the anomaly correlation of the quantities' winter averages using initializations between 1978 and 2012. The deterministic predictions are considered skillful if the anomaly correlation is positive and statistically significant. While the LR version shows common shortcomings of lower-resolution climate models, e.g., a storm track that is too zonal and southward displaced as well as a negative bias of blocking frequencies over the eastern North Atlantic and Europe, the HR version counteracts these biases. Cyclones, i.e., their frequencies and characteristics like strength and lifetime, are particularly better represented in HR. As a result, a chain of significantly improved decadal prediction skill between all four metrics is found with the increase in the spatial resolution. While the skill of the storm track is significantly improved primarily over the main source region of synoptic activity – the North Atlantic Current – the other extratropical quantities experience a significant improvement primarily downstream thereof, i.e., in regions where the synoptic systems typically intensify. Thus, the skill of the cyclone frequencies is significantly improved over the central North Atlantic and northern Europe, the skill of the blocking frequencies is significantly improved over the Mediterranean, Scandinavia and eastern Europe, and the skill of the windstorms is significantly improved over Newfoundland and central Europe. Not only is the skill improved with the increase in resolution, but the HR system itself also exhibits significant skill over large areas of the North Atlantic and European sector for all four circulation metrics. These results are particularly promising regarding the high socioeconomic impact of European winter windstorms and blocking situations.
Assessment of meteorological extremes using a synoptic weather generator and a downscaling model based on analogs
Authors: Raynaud Damien , Hingray Benoit , Evin Guillaume , Favre Anne-Catherine , Chardon Jérémy
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Natural risk studies such as flood risk assessments require long series of weather variables. As an alternative to observed series, which have a limited length, these data can be provided by weather generators. Among the large variety of existing ones, resampling methods based on analogues have the advantage of guaranteeing the physical consistency between local variables at each time step. However, they cannot generate values of predictands exceeding the range of observed values. Moreover, the length of the simulated series is typically limited to the length of the synoptic meteorology records used to characterize the large-scale atmospheric configuration of the generation day. To overcome those limitations, the stochastic weather generator proposed in this study combines two sampling approaches based on atmospheric analogues: (1) a synoptic weather generator in a first step, which recombines days in the 20th century to generate a 1000-year sequence of new atmospheric trajectories and (2) a stochastic downscaling model in a second step, applied to these atmospheric trajectories, in order to simulate long time series of daily regional precipitation and temperature. The method is applied to daily time series of mean areal precipitation and temperature in Switzerland. It is shown that the climatological characteristics of observed precipitation and temperature are adequately reproduced. It also improves the reproduction of extreme precipitation values, overcoming previous limitations of standard analog-based weather generators.
Modeling inorganic carbon dynamics in the Seine River continuum in France
Authors: Marescaux Audrey , Thieu Vincent , Gypens Nathalie , Silvestre Marie , Garnier Josette
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Inland waters have been recognized as an active component of the carbon cycle where transformations and transports are associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) outgassing. We propose a modeling approach by formalizing an inorganic carbon module integrated into the biogeochemical model, pyNuts-Riverstrahler, to estimate the carbon fate in the aquatic continuum. Our approach was implemented on the human-impacted Seine River (France) taking into account point sources (including the largest wastewater treatment plant in Europe, reaching a treatment capacity of 6 106 inhab eq), and diffuse constraints to the model. Both sources were characterized by field measurements in groundwater and in wastewater treatment plants, and by existing databases. In average, we calculated DIC concentrations from 25 to 92 mgC L−1 depending of the aquifers while in WWTP effluents our measurements of DIC averaged 70 mgC L−1. On the period studied (2010–2013), yearly averaged simulated CO2 emissions from the hydrosystem were estimated at 364 ± 99 Gg C yr−1. Simulations of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH and CO2 concentrations showed good agreement with observations, and seasonal variability could be reproduced. Metabolism in the Seine hydrographic network highlighted the importance of benthic activities in small head streams while planktonic activities were mainly observed downstream in larger rivers. In contrast to the 1990s, the net ecosystem productivity remained negative throughout all the years and at every place within the river network, highlighting the heterotrophy of the basin. In parallel, CO2 supersaturation with respect to atmospheric concentrations of the basin was shown. Outgassing was the most important in lower order streams while peaks were simulated downstream of the major wastewater treatment effluent.
The Value of Citizen Science for Flood Risk Reduction: Cost-benefit Analysis of a Citizen Observatory in the Brenta-Bacchiglione Catchment
Authors: Ferri Michele , Wehn Uta , See Linda , Fritz Steffen
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Citizen observatories are a relatively recent form of citizen science, which involve citizens in making environmental observations over a period of time. These observations can help to inform the decision making of local authorities and other stakeholders, creating a platform for two-way interaction between citizens and public agencies. Although citizen observatories can clearly generate many different benefits, they also have an associated cost. There are currently no examples of quantifying the costs and benefits of citizen observatories in the literature, yet this type of analysis is critical if there is to be real uptake of citizen observatories by public agencies more generally. This paper presents and applies a generic methodology for capturing the value of a citizen observatory for flood risk reduction in the Brenta-Bacchiglione catchment using a cost-benefit analysis. The results show that the benefits of implementing a citizen observatory approach outweigh the costs by approximately 2 to 1 and can reduce the annual expected damage to a greater degree than a much more costly structural approach.
Evaluation of drought representation and propagation in regional climate model simulations across Spain
Authors: Barella-Ortiz Anaïs , Quintana-Seguí Pere
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Drought is an important climatic risk that is expected to increase in frequency, duration, and severity as a result of a warmer climate. It is complex to model due to the interactions between atmospheric and continental processes. A better understanding of these processes and how the current modelling tools represent them and characterize drought is vital. The aim of this study is to analyse how regional climate models (RCMs) represent meteorological, soil moisture, and hydrological drought as well as propagation from precipitation anomalies to soil moisture and streamflow anomalies. The analysis was carried out by means of standardized indices calculated using variables directly related to each type of drought: precipitation (SPI), soil moisture (SSMI), runoff (SRI), and streamflow (SSI). The RCMs evaluated are the CNRM-RCSM4, COSMO-CLM, and PROMES. All of the simulations were obtained from the Med-CORDEX database and were forced with ERA-Interim. The following datasets were used as references: SAFRAN (meteorological drought), offline land surface model simulations from ISBA-3L and ORCHIDEE (soil moisture drought), a SIMPA hydrological model simulation, and observed streamflow (hydrological drought). The results show that RCMs improve meteorological drought representation. However, uncertainties are identified in their characterization of soil moisture and hydrological drought, as well as in drought propagation. These are mainly explained by the model structure. For instance, model structure affects the temporal scale at which precipitation variability propagates to soil moisture and streamflow.
Influence of the summer deep-sea circulations on passive drifts among the submarine canyons in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Clavel-Henry Morane , Solé Jordi , Ahumada-Sempoal Miguel-Ángel , Bahamon Nixon , Briton Florence , Rotllant Guiomar , Company Joan B.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Marine biophysical models can be used to explore the displacement
of individuals in and between submarine canyons. Mostly, the studies focus
on the shallow hydrodynamics in or around a single canyon. In the
northwestern Mediterranean Sea, knowledge of the deep-sea circulation
and its spatial variability in three contiguous submarine canyons is
limited. We used a Lagrangian framework with three-dimensional velocity
fields from two versions of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to
study the deep-bottom connectivity between submarine canyons and to compare
their influence on the particle transport. From a biological point of view,
the particles represented eggs and larvae spawned by the deep-sea commercial
shrimp Aristeus antennatus along the continental slope in summer. The passive particles mainly
followed a southwest drift along the continental slope and drifted less than
200 km considering a pelagic larval duration (PLD) of 31 d. Two of the
submarine canyons were connected by more than 27 % of particles if they were
released at sea bottom depths above 600 m. The vertical advection of
particles depended on the depth where particles were released and the
circulation influenced by the morphology of each submarine canyon.
Therefore, the impact of contiguous submarine canyons on particle transport
should be studied on a case-by-case basis and not be generalized. Because
the flows were strongly influenced by the bottom topography, the
hydrodynamic model with finer bathymetric resolution data, a less smoothed
bottom topography, and finer sigma-layer resolution near the bottom should
give more accurate simulations of near-bottom passive drift. Those results
propose that the physical model parameterization and discretization have to
be considered for improving connectivity studies of deep-sea species.
Non-linear aspects of the tidal dynamics in the Sylt-Rømø Bight, south-eastern North Sea
Authors: Fofonova Vera , Androsov Alexey , Sander Lasse , Kuznetsov Ivan , Amorim Felipe , Hass H. Christian , Wiltshire Karen H.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This study is dedicated to the tidal dynamics in the
Sylt-Rømø Bight with a focus on the non-linear processes. The FESOM-C
model was used as the numerical tool, which works with triangular,
rectangular or mixed grids and is equipped with a wetting/drying option. As
the model's success at resolving currents largely depends on the quality of
the bathymetric data, we have created a new bathymetric map for an area
based on recent studies of Lister Deep, Lister Ley, Højer Deep and
Rømø Deep. This new bathymetric product made it feasible to work
with high-resolution grids (up to 2 m in the wetting/drying zone). As a
result, we were able to study the tidal energy transformation and the role
of higher harmonics in the domain in detail. For the first time, the tidal
ellipses, maximum tidally induced velocities, energy fluxes and residual
circulation maps were constructed and analysed for the entire bight.
Additionally, tidal asymmetry maps were introduced and constructed. The full
analysis was performed on two grids with different structures and showed a
convergence of the results as well as fulfilment of the energy balance. A
great deal of attention has been paid to the selection of open-boundary conditions, model validation against tide gauges and recent in situ current
data. The tidal residual circulation and asymmetric tidal cycles largely
define the circulation pattern, transport and accumulation of sediment, and
the distribution of bedforms in the bight; therefore, the results presented
in the article are necessary and useful benchmarks for further studies in
the area, including baroclinic and sediment dynamics investigations.
Evaluating the effects of soil erosion and productivity decline on soil carbon dynamics using a model-based approach
Authors: Bouchoms Samuel , Wang Zhengang , Vanacker Veerle , Van Oost Kristof
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Sustained accelerated soil erosion alters key soil
properties such as nutrient availability, water holding capacity, soil depth
and texture, which in turn have detrimental effects on crop productivity and
therefore reduce C input to soils. In this study, we applied a 1-D soil
profile model that links soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover, soil erosion
and biomass production. We used observational data to constrain the
relationship between soil erosion and crop productivity. Assuming no change
in effort, we evaluated the model performance in terms of SOC stock
evolution using published observational data from 10 catchments across
Europe and the USA. Model simulations showed that accounting for
erosion-induced productivity decline (i) increased SOC losses by 37 % on
average compared to a scenario where these effects were excluded, and (ii) improved the prediction of SOC losses when substantial soil truncation takes
place. Furthermore, erosion-induced productivity decline reduced
soil–atmosphere C exchanges by up to 30 % after 200 years of transient
simulation. The results are thus relevant for longer-term assessments and
they stress the need for integrated soil–plant models that operate at the
landscape scale to better constrain the overall SOC budget.
The Role of Intraindividual Carotid Artery Variation in the Development of Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Albers Shawn Stefan , Kucey Andrew Stanton , Engineer Anish
Published: December 2019

Carotid artery disease (CAD) is associated with numerous risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. These systemic risk factors do not affect the carotid arteries equally in most patients, resulting in asymmetrical bilateral and unilateral CAD. It is unclear if anatomic variations in the carotid arteries predispose an individual to formation of atherosclerotic CAD. We wanted to assess (1) the inter-individual or intra-individual anatomical variations in the carotid arteries and (2) whether anatomical variations predispose the development of atherosclerotic CAD. PubMed and Medline were utilized to identify relevant literature for critical appraisal, summarization and documentation. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to narrow results and articles were critically appraised and analyzed. Evidence suggests that a low outflow/inflow ratio, elevated bifurcation height, and bifurcation angle are associated with increased risk for CAD. Sex and age demonstrated positive correlation with the disease. Additionally, tortuosity and kinking of the carotid arteries may affect the formation of CAD but coiling of the arteries is a natural age-dependent process and does not affect CAD development. This review suggests there are anatomic variations in the carotid arteries that increase the risk of developing carotid artery disease. The most significant risk factors include a low outflow/inflow ratio, increased internal carotid artery tortuosity, elevated bifurcation height, and bifurcation angle.
Using Experience Industry Strategies to Increase Quality of Youth Program Experiences
Authors: Taggart Allen S. , Ellis Gary D. , Jiang Jingxian , Lacanienta Andrew
Published: December 2019

We evaluated 4 “experience industry” strategies for enhancing the quality of immediate experiences for 4-H youth: theming, adding multisensory experiences, personalizing interactions, and providing memorabilia. These strategies are commonly used by theme parks, restaurants, resorts, attractions, and other experience industry organizations, but their application to youth services is sporadic. 4-H youth (n = 30) participated in a series of 8 outdoor recreation activity sessions. Each activity session, 1 per week for 8 consecutive weeks, was structured using a unique combination of the 4 strategies. Participants completed questionnaires measuring 5 dimensions of experience quality after each activity session. Theme and personalization of experiences were found to significantly increase experience quality.
Moving Beyond Relationships Matter: An Overview of One Organization’s Work in Progress
Authors: Pekel Kent
Published: December 2019

Several recent and important reviews of the research on the science of learning and development extensively discuss the power of developmental relationships, but do not provide readers with information or insight on how to build those relationships. The author describes the effort that Search Institute has underway to fill the gap in both research and practice to identify steps that youth-serving organizations can take to create close connections that help young people be and become their best selves.
Resistencias y variaciones de la construcción del género en la nueva ficción seriada. 'Girls' y 'Big Little Lies'
Authors: Parra García Paula , Postigo Gómez Inmaculada , Vera Balanza Teresa
Published: December 2019

Vivimos en una sociedad en la que perviven y persisten las diferencias entre lo que cultural y socialmente se adscribe al género. Esta distinción se basa en una estructura de estereotipos relacionados con el género que afecta a todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida cotidiana, incluidos los medios audiovisuales como dispositivos o tecnologías del género. Construidos como discursos de lo cotidiano, ni siquiera cuestionamos lo que vemos en pantalla y lo asumimos como representaciones de la realidad. Atendiendo a la incorporación de más y diversos personajes femeninos, pero conocedoras también de las estrategias de la industria audiovisual para segmentar y fidelizar audiencias, proponemos un análisis de las series Girls y Big Little Lies cuyo objetivo es comprobar qué papeles desempeñan las mujeres en las ficciones seriadas.
Aristóteles, Alejandro y la 'politeía' griega
Authors: Gómez Espelosín Francisco Javier
Published: December 2019

La relación entre Aristóteles y Alejandro resulta especialmente problemática debido a la falta de testimonios y a la aparente distancia que separaba a los dos personajes. La existencia de una carta atribuida al filósofo traducida al árabe podría contribuir a llenar este aparente vacío al incluir una serie de consejos dirigidos al monarca en un momento clave de la campaña de conquista. Las dificultades del texto invitan, sin embargo, a considerar la posible separación intelectual y emotiva de los dos personajes como una realidad.
'La casa de papel', 'Rita' y 'Merlí': entre nuevas narrativas y viejos patriarcados
Authors: Bonavitta Paola
Published: December 2019

Netflix ha venido desafiando, en cierta forma, algunos de los roles tradicionales que ocupan las mujeres en los medios de comunicación. Ha incorporado series que han buscado desestabilizar los estereotipos sexistas clásicos para proponer nuevos protagonismos, otras miradas y diversas posibilidades de ser heroínas. En este artículo trabajamos con tres series que presentan nuevas perspectivas narrativas para mujeres y que centralizan gran parte del argumento en ellas: Rita, La Casa de Papel y Merlí. Se trata de tres historias creadas por fuera de las producciones imperialistas e, incluso, del idioma inglés. A partir de un Análisis Crítico del Discurso pautado por la metodología feminista, analizamos las construcciones de mujeres que se presentan en estas ficciones, así como los estereotipos sexistas que se ponen en juego, se desafían y se formulan en el marco de estos tres programas. Desde el análisis de contenido mediático, nos centramos en las representaciones sociales de género que se producen y se concretan en la nueva apuesta de la industria cultural.

A pesar de que estas series parecen atender a nuevas demandas de la sociedad, incorporando personajes y narrativas que apelan a la diversidad y a la contestación, es posible sugerir que ese movimiento se dirige más a atraer nichos de mercado en la industria del entretenimiento que a proponer una crítica social más amplia y profunda.
Dialéctivas de los personajes femeninos y masculinos en' Mad men': un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo
Authors: Gutiérrez Martínez Begoña
Published: December 2019

Este artículo investiga las dialécticas que se establecen entre los personajes femeninos y masculinos en la serie de televisión Mad Men (Matthew Weiner, 2007-2015) a partir de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo del capítulo piloto “Smoke gets in your eyes” (Alan Taylor, 2007). Ambientado en el universo publicitario de la década de 1960 en Nueva York, el piloto sienta las bases temáticas, narrativas y estilísticas de la primera temporada de Mad Men, estrenada en el contexto mediático de la denominada primera oleada de la tercera época dorada de la televisión. Metodológicamente, empleamos la herramienta especializada Encuadres, un software creado por Jesús González Requena, que permite la manipulación analítica de los textos audiovisuales y la obtención de resultados cuantitativos por vía de computación. Con el fin de comparar la importancia de los personajes femeninos y masculinos en el universo narrativo de la serie, nos centramos en la segmentación del texto en escenas, planos y elipsis, así como en la obtención de porcentajes relativos a las presencias visuales, escénicas y verbales de cada uno de los personajes. De este modo, valorando los datos cuantitativos en relación al análisis cualitativo de Mad Men y la caracterización de sus personajes, llegamos a la conclusión que los hombres tienen una mayor presencia –lo cual se corresponde con su posición de poder–, y que las mujeres, no obstante, aprovechan más las oportunidades que se les presentan. Este último factor nos advierte de la emergencia incipiente y transformadora de los movimientos de reivindicación y empoderamiento femenino de los años 1960.
Maternidades lésbicas en la ficción televisiva española
Authors: González de Garay Beatriz , Marcos Ramos María , Sánchez González Sofía
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo propone una revisión de los personajes protagonistas lésbicos en las series de televisión de producción española en su relación con la maternidad. Se trata de averiguar si, como tradicionalmente se ha hecho con la mujer, se asocia maternidad -o deseo maternal- con los personajes lésbicos, así como de descubrir de qué manera acceden a la maternidad en cada época histórica y como se representa su experiencia en la crianza de la descendencia. Se concluye que la maternidad sí es importante en las tramas de los personajes lésbicos y que su tratamiento narrativo ha cambiado considerablemente tanto por la forma en la que se accede a la maternidad como por la caracterización de los propios personajes lésbicos.
Prototipos brujescos televisivos como posibles continuadores de estereotipos femeninos tradicionales. El caso de 'American Horror Story: Coven' (2013) y 'Apocalypse' (2018)
Authors: López Villar Rebeca
Published: December 2019

Con este texto se realizará un estudio sobre las ficciones televisivas American Horror Story: Coven (2013) y Apocalypse (2018) con el fin de comprobar si los personajes brujescos presentes en ellas perpetúan determinados estereotipos femeninos tradicionales. A través del análisis del modo en que son construidas las protagonistas de la serie y de sus diálogos, se determinará la continuidad de clichés como el de la mujer fatal o el de la figura femenina maternal y familiar. Además, se tratará de identificar posibles rasgos feministas en las brujas concebidas por Ryan Murphy y Brad Falchuk, así como establecer analogías entre estos y la apropiación de atributos brujescos por parte de ciertos grupos activistas –W.I.T.C.H.–. Paralelamente, se apuntarán otras cuestiones que en esta producción se vinculan con la bruja, como la aparición de personajes históricos reales o la problemática racial. Se descubrirá, finalmente, que el término bruja no se encuentra unido a una sola significación. Hablar de brujas supone hacerlo sobre algo más que el estereotipado y conocido personaje de ficción e identificar a la bruja, en femenino, con la curandera o con la partera, con la mujer socialmente calificada de fea y malvada, con la femme fatale, con la rebelde e independiente...