bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ŞARBON: GEBELİK, POSTPARTUM DÖNEM VE LAKTASYONDA AŞILAMA VE TEDAVİ İLKELERİ
Authors: KINCI Mehmet Ferdi , ŞEHİRLİ KINCI Özge , ACAVUT Gamze , PAY Ramazan Erda , UĞURLU Meltem , ALANBAY İbrahim
Published: April 2020

Şarbon gebelerde nadir görülen; enfekte hayvanlarla ya da kontamine hayvan ürünleriyle temas ile bulaşan zoonotik bir enfeksiyondur. En sık ciltte olmak üzere, akciğerde ve gastrointestinal sistemde tutulum yapmasına göre 3 farklı formu mevcuttur. Maternal ve fetal ölüm ile ilişkilidir. Uygun ilaç ve doğru doz seçiminin zor olması, uygulanan tedavinin güvenilirliği açısından riskli bir popülasyon olması nedeniyle; 2010 yılında CDC tarafından gebelikte ve doğum sonrası dönemdeki şarbon vakaları için alınacak önlemlerle ilgili bir kılavuz hazırlanmıştır. İlk basamak olarak mümkünse temasın engellenmesi için gereken önlemlerin alınması; maruziyetten sonra da toplum sağlığı merkezleri ile koordine olarak nitelikli sağlık hizmeti sunulmalıdır. Preterm doğumların önlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Şarbon maruziyeti ihtimali kuvvetli olan gebelerde aşılama önerilmektedir. Maruziyet düşük ise aşılama doğum sonrasına bırakılabilir.Yüksek maruziyette siprofloksasin ve amoksisilin ile antibiyotik profilaksisi önerilir. Şarbon geçiren gebelerde fizyolojik değişikliklerden dolayı belirti ve bulgular yanıltıcı olabilmektedir; tanı yöntemleri yarar/zarar değerlendirilerek kullanılmalıdır. Şiddetli enfeksiyonlarda yoğun bakımda takip gerekmektedir her an doğum için hazırlıklı olunmalıdır; yapılması gereken girişimler ise gebe olmayan popülasyon ile aynı olmalıdır.
Evaluation of cereal response to stress generated by heavy metals: de-termination of physiological and biochemical modifications, and antiox-idative defense of Hordeum vulgare L. against lead
Authors: Kazouz Hafida , Slimani Miloud , Kharoubi Omar , Saadi Sihem , Aoumeur Houria , Hamadouche Nadia Ait , Aoues Abdelkader
Published: April 2020

The persistent nature of heavy metals makes them hazardous in long term. The use of natural chelation by tolerant plants remains a more rational and promising way for the environment compared to the use of chemical chela-tors. Barley has already been used as a model plant in the case of heavy met-als pollution.The present study focuses on the effect of lead at different con-centrations (100mg/l, 500mg/l and 900mg/l) on barley Hordem vulgare L. After 30 days of growth, the plants were harvested and physio-biochemical parameters (fresh weight, length, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, total protein and activity of catalase and peroxidase) were studied in both leaves and roots. Results re-vealed that lead induced a decrease in fresh weight, length, relative water content and photosynthetic pigments in lead treated plants compared to the control, while an increase was recorded in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen per-oxide production and protein content, the enhancement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase), revealed the capacity of bar-ley to react to stress caused by lead, indeed the antioxidant enzymes consti-tute among others, a way to protect the plant against oxidative stress in-duced by lead, furthermore the antioxidant enzymes are part of the toler-ance mechanisms used by plants against heavy metals, however the dosage of lead in the different parts of the plant remains essential because it could highlight a possible phytoextraction of lead by barley.
Are ants always mutualistic? Influence of ants and variation in flower-ets of Clerodendrum chinense
Authors: Gawde Rupesh , Ghayal Nivedita
Published: April 2020

Ants are the major mutualists in the plant -ant interaction system playing a major role in the survival of plants by deterring herbivore and increasing plant health and fitness. To get better insights into the ant-plant interaction system, Clerodendrum chinense occupied by Crematogaster roghenoferi were observed for six months to assess the influence of presence and ab-sence of ants on the flowerets blooming.In a total of (n=34) flowerets bunch, 17 were used as control and 17 experimentation that were treated with ant barrier glue to restrict the ants visitation to the flowerets bunch. By using the Students t-test, our study revealed the facultative behaviour of ants. Citing the equal presence of herbivores in both the control and experimented sets, and decreased floweret blooming in anting-continued (control) whereas in-creased floweret blooming in de-anted (experimented). The present study has shown the facultative interaction of C.roghenoferi with C.chinense and its effects on the reproductive structures (flowerets) of the shrub. This study makes a clear case stating that not always an interaction between ant and plant is the mutualism.
CRITERIA FOR THE DEFINITION OF INDICATORS IN ARCHITECTURAL LEARNING IN THE DESIGN STUDIO THROUGH THE USE OF THE E-PORTFOLIO
Authors: Roco Miguel , Barberà Elena
Published: April 2020

The objective of this research is to identify, within the context of teaching-learning through the Design Studio, factors and criteria which may support the construction of architectural indicators of learning in students. This may be achieved through the integrated analysis of the evidences of learning included in the e-portfolio, using the traditional learning process as a complement in the Design Studio. This research is of mixed type and includes an exploratory sequential design of longitudinal type that ran through a period of six consecutive semesters. The results obtained show the full potential of objectual and collaborative evidences contained in the e-portfolio, in order to reflect the presence of architectural learning elements, as well as the presence of factors and features specific to the context and dynamics of the learningteaching process, which may result in an approach to the construction of potential architectural indicators of learning.
Absorption-line Abundances in the SMC-like Galaxy UGC 5282: Evidence of ISM Dilution from Inflows on Kiloparsec Scales*
Authors: Bowen David V. , Tripp Todd M. , Jenkins Edward B. , Pettini Max , Chelouche Doron , Cen Renyue , York Donald G.
Published: April 2020

We present a Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectrum of the QSO SDSS J095109.12+330745.8 (

) whose sightline passes through the SMC-like dwarf galaxy UGC 5282 (

, cz = 1577 km s−1), 1.2 kpc in projection from the central H ii region of the galaxy. Damped Lyα (DLA) absorption is detected at the redshift of UGC 5282 with log [N(H i) cm

. Analysis of the accompanying S ii, P ii, and O i metal lines yields a neutral gas metallicity,

, of [S/H] ≃ [P/H] = −0.80 ± 0.24. The metallicity of ionized gas from the central H ii region

measured from its emission lines is [O/H] = −0.37 ± 0.10, a difference of +0.43 ± 0.26 from

. This difference δ is consistent with that seen toward H ii regions in other star-forming galaxies and supports the idea that ionized gas near star-forming regions shows systematically higher metallicities than exist in the rest of a galaxy’s neutral interstellar medium (ISM). The positive values of δ found in UGC 5282 (and the other star-forming galaxies) is likely due to infalling low-metallicity gas from the intergalactic medium that mixes with the galaxy’s ISM on kiloparsec scales. This model is also consistent with broad Lyα emission detected at the bottom of the DLA absorption, offset by ∼125 km s−1 from the absorption velocity. Models of galaxy evolution that attempt to replicate population characteristics, such as the mass–metallicity relation, may need to start with a galaxy metallicity represented by

rather than that measured traditionally from

.
Massive Warm/Hot Galaxy Coronae. II. Isentropic Model
Authors: Faerman Yakov , Sternberg Amiel , McKee Christopher F.
Published: April 2020

We construct a new analytic phenomenological model for the extended circumgalactic material (CGM) of L* galaxies. Our model reproduces the O vii/O viii absorption observations of the Milky Way (MW) and the O vi measurements reported by the COS-Halos and eCGM surveys. The warm/hot gas is in hydrostatic equilibrium in an MW gravitational potential, and we adopt a barotropic equation of state, resulting in a temperature variation as a function of radius. A pressure component with an adiabatic index of

is included to approximate the effects of a magnetic field and cosmic rays. We introduce a metallicity gradient motivated by the enrichment of the inner CGM by the Galaxy. We then present our fiducial model for the corona, tuned to reproduce the observed O vi–O viii column densities and with a total mass of

 inside

. The gas densities in the CGM are low (

cm−3), and its collisional ionization state is modified by the metagalactic radiation field. We show that for O vi-bearing warm/hot gas with typical observed column densities

cm−2 at large (

kpc) impact parameters from the central galaxies, the ratio of the cooling to dynamical times,

/

, has a model-independent upper limit of

. In our model,

/

at large radii is

. We present predictions for a wide range of future observations of the warm/hot CGM, from UV/X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy to dispersion measure and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich cosmic microwave background measurements. We provide the model outputs in machine-readable data files for easy comparison and analysis.
Gemini Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3: Feeding and Feedback on Galactic and Nuclear Scales
Authors: Gnilka C. L. , Crenshaw D. M. , Fischer T. C. , Revalski M. , Meena B. , Martinez F. , Polack G. E. , Machuca C. , Dashtamirova D. , Kraemer S. B. , Schmitt H. R. , Riffel R. A. , Storchi-Bergmann T.
Published: April 2020

We explore the kinematics of the stars, ionized gas, and warm molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3 (UGC 3426) on nuclear and galactic scales with Gemini Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph observations, previous Hubble Space Telescope data, and new long-slit spectra from the Apache Point Observatory (APO) 3.5 m telescope. The APO spectra are consistent with our previous suggestion that a galactic-scale gas/dust disk at P.A. = 129°, offset from the major axis of the host S0 galaxy at P.A. = 28°, is responsible for the orientation of the extended narrow-line region. The disk is fed by an H i tidal stream from a gas-rich spiral galaxy (UGC 3422) ∼100 kpc to the NW of Mrk 3 and is ionized by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) to a distance of at least ∼20″ (∼5.4 kpc) from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The kinematics within at least 320 pc of the SMBH are dominated by outflows with radial (line-of-sight) velocities up to 1500 km s−1 in the ionized gas and 500 km s−1 in the warm molecular gas, consistent with in situ heating, ionization, and acceleration of ambient gas to produce the narrow-line region outflows. There is a disk of ionized and warm molecular gas within ∼400 pc of the SMBH that has reoriented close to the stellar major axis but is counterrotating, consistent with claims of external fueling of AGNs in S0 galaxies.
Unbiased Spectroscopic Study of the Cygnus Loop with LAMOST. I. Optical Properties of Emission Lines and the Global Spectrum
Authors: Yeon Seok Ji , Koo Bon-Chul , Zhao Gang , Raymond John C.
Published: April 2020

We present an unbiased spectroscopic study of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Cygnus Loop using the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR5. LAMOST features both a large field of view and a large aperture, which allow us to simultaneously obtain 4000 spectra at ∼3700–9000 Å with R ≈ 1800. The Cygnus Loop is a prototype of middle-aged SNRs, which has the advantages of being bright, large in angular size, and relatively unobscured by dust. Along the line of sight to the Cygnus Loop, 2747 LAMOST DR5 spectra are found in total, which are spatially distributed over the entire remnant. This spectral sample is free of the selection bias of most previous studies, which often focus on bright filaments or regions bright in [O iii]. Visual inspection verifies that 368 spectra (13% of the total) show clear spectral features to confirm their association with the remnant. In addition, 176 spectra with line emission show ambiguity of their origin but have a possible association to the SNR. In particular, the 154 spectra dominated by the SNR emission are further analyzed by identifying emission lines and measuring their intensities. We examine distributions of physical properties such as electron density and temperature, which vary significantly inside the remnant, using theoretical models. By combining a large number of the LAMOST spectra, a global spectrum representing the Cygnus Loop is constructed, which presents characteristics of radiative shocks. Finally, we discuss the effect of the unbiased spectral sample on the global spectrum and its implication to understand a spatially unresolved SNR in a distant galaxy.
De la iglesia y el foro a la mezquita y el sūq: la evolución de las ciudades mediterráneas durante el periodo omeya
Authors: Ehrlich Michael
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la interacción entre la ocupación musulmana de ciudades y su desarrollo urbano durante este período. ¿Cómo gestionaron los musulmanes su integración como nueva élite gobernante en el funcionamiento de las estructuras urbanas sin destruir las iglesias y las sinagogas? Los musulmanes utilizaron una política uniforme y predeterminada, cuya manifestación física sobrevive en forma de la proximidad entre iglesias y mezquitas, sobre todo en los centros urbanos. Además, esta proximidad transformó los mercados de los foros y cardisnes en aswāq.
La función del héroe fundador en los Estados hispanoamericanos
Authors: Arias Krause Juan Ignacio
Published: April 2020

La operación fundadora de los Estados americanos supuso un mecanismo mediador que posibilitó la conexión entre los ideales que la movilizaron y el intento de su popularización en los pueblos. Tal es la función asignada a los héroes fundadores, la cual es analizada en este artículo como una operación cultural que tiene por fin consagrar dichos ideales, elidiendo con ello la violencia que contiene la formación fenoménica de los Estados modernos.
La representación visual del conocimiento científico y su característica naturaleza epistémica, heurística y comunicativa
Authors: López Cantos Francisco
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se aborda la naturaleza de la representación visual del conocimiento con numerosos ejemplos históricos y contemporáneos a partir del análisis de sus características definitorias en tanto que representación epistémica, heurística y comunicativa. Con este fin, a lo largo del texto se despliega la argumentación al respecto con el objetivo de reivindicar el significativo papel que la representación visual ha tenido y tiene en la actualidad para la actividad científica y la elaboración de conocimiento. Y, finalmente, se hacen algunas consideraciones en torno al estatuto de la representación científica en el complejo marco de la cultura visual contemporánea reclamando la urgente necesidad de abordar con mayor intensidad este tipo particular de representaciones visuales desde su naturaleza epistémica, heurística y comunicativa.
Acontecimiento y fuerza diferencial. Benjamin-Hamacher-Derrida
Authors: Campos Salvaterra Valeria
Published: April 2020

Se explora el vínculo entre fuerza, violencia y acontecimiento en la filosofía de Jacques Derrida, sosteniendo que dicha relación se inscribe en el corazón mismo del problema del sentido y de su performatividad. Esta tesis se sustenta en el análisis de la lectura que hace Derrida tanto de Benjamin y de su Crítica de la violencia, como de la teoría del performativo lingüístico de Austin, lo que permite en principio enlazar la cuestión de la significación con aquella de la fuerza o la violencia. Posteriormente, se recurre a los análisis de W. Hamacher sobre el texto de Benjamin nombrado, de modo de reforzar dicha conexión y proponer desde allí una lectura nueva de la cuestión del acontecimiento en Derrida. De este modo, obtenemos una filosofía del acontecimiento que se mueve entre lo ético-político y lo lingüístico que permite nuevas aproximaciones a la “crítica” de la violencia.
Repolitizando las diferencias. Derrida y la teoría de los actos de habla
Authors: Jerade Miriam
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la lectura e inclusive la distorsión que Jacques Derrida hizo de la teoría de los actos de habla para imprimirle una dimensión política. Se expondrán cuatro aspectos a partir de los cuales Derrida se distancia de la teoría austiniana que dan lugar a un abordaje político del performativo: la noción de fuerza, el origen de la convención, la noción de subjetividad y, por último, la manera en que Derrida aborda el performativo y lo político a partir de una noción de promesa entendida como acontecimiento, que excede toda convención o contrato y que se contrapone a las interpretaciones deontológicas de los actos de habla.
El antagonismo laclausiano ante Mouffe y Žižek: encuentros y desencuentros con el pensamiento posfundacional y la izquierda lacaniana
Authors: Varas Alejandro , Mandiola Marcela
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo aborda la categoría de antagonismo propuesta por Ernesto Laclau e indaga en los campos filosóficos que le dan origen, analizando algunas tensiones que estos ofrecen. Primero, se caracterizan dos campos, a saber, el pensamiento político posfundacional y la izquierda lacaniana, vinculando a ellos la categoría de antagonismo. En segundo lugar, se examinan las tensiones filosóficas entre la categoría y tales campos a través de dos exponentes concretos: Chantal Mouffe y Slavoj Žižek, dando cuenta de ciertas incompatibilidades y de algunas críticas a las propuestas de ambos autores. Por último, se plantean algunas interrogantes abiertas con respecto a la categoría de antagonismo, fruto de las discusiones previas y de las limitaciones del propio Laclau.
Evaluating the Readiness Of Malaysian Academic University Libraries Towards Library 4.0
Authors: Mohamad Sharif Sabri , Hariro Samsudin Ahmad Zam , Shafeera Amdan Anum
Published: April 2020

This paper evaluates the readiness of Malaysian academic university libraries towards Library 4.0. The rise of this new intervention of Web 4.0 and Library 4.0 are being deliberated among librarians for future services. Information technology facilities have been identified and analysed which may comprehend the use of libraries for the next generation. This will also help to move the library forward and improve the overall performance of university libraries respectively. The methodology used for this study is qualitative. This qualitative study was piloted among librarians working in the selected academic university libraries. This study gives an outline of the readiness among the selected academic university libraries towards Library 4.0
A Systematic Review of Past Decade of Mobile Learning: What we Learned and Where to Go
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Khan Nohman , Hassan Gillani Syed Muhammad Ahmad , Raza Hamad
Published: April 2020

The increasing growth of mobile technology in our society has become a reality. Outdoor learning is one of the very revolutionary developments in modern ages without huge infrastructure and resources. This study is focusing on the area of mobile learning in the year 2009 to 2018 about the areas and working done by the researchers. Mobile learning is relatively a new platform of learning through the mobile technologies, and penetration of smartphones and digital devices is globally increased in a short interval of time. The Scopus database is used to find the literature with the keyword used in search button mobile learning. The PRISMA diagram 2009 shows that the subjects of Social Sciences area to include the literature articles for the review. The final 54 articles   with more than 20 citations for the review are selected to analyze the literature to find the gap and direction of mobile learning. Literature is divided in different classifications to find the results.
Protestation et appel à la pitié : une démarche performative. Les lettres de prélats sur la déportation des juifs en 1942
Authors: Edelstein Francine
Published: April 2020

En France, suite aux arrestations massives et à la déportation des juifs pendant l’été 1942, de hauts dignitaires des Églises catholique et protestante de la zone occupée, appelant à la pitié envers les victimes, ont pour la première fois manifesté leur indignation dans la sphère publique. A travers l’analyse discursive et argumentative de cinq de leurs lettres, cette contribution examine l’appel à la pitié dans son rapport à la protestation, comprise comme un acte de langage lié à un évènement auquel on s’oppose fortement et contre lequel on s’indigne. Elle étudie la manière dont l’appel à la pitié se construit dans son rapport à la vertu chrétienne de charité, mais aussi à diverses autres valeurs comme la justice ou le droit d’asile, pour nourrir une véhémente protestation morale. Elle examine également dans la trame des textes épistolaires la façon dont est gérée la tension entre protestation éthique et positionnement politique ; en effet la question de la responsabilité du gouvernement de Vichy auquel l’Église avait fait allégeance, fait problème et n’est pas évoquée de la même façon par les différents prélats.
Raison pratique et sentiment moral : de quelques métadiscours journalistiques sur l’argumentation par la pitié
Authors: Koren Roselyne
Published: April 2020

À partir d’un corpus de presse généraliste de 78 articles, cette contribution étudie les métadiscours sur la pitié et son articulation avec la raison qui y occupe paradoxalement le devant de la scène, bien que les discours du sens commun les considèrent généralement comme incompatibles. On y trouve deux approches de l’argumentation par appel à la pitié : l’une dénonce des raisonnements fallacieux dissimulant des enjeux immoraux (puissance émotionnelle pure, instrumentalisation, pitié sélective contrevenant à l’équité, auto-victimisation injustifiée), l’autre explore un nouveau type de relation éthique impliquant la fusion du cœur et de la raison et attribuent à l’oxymore la fonction de fil conducteur. Cette figure, principe d’agencement autour du couple « dissonant » vs « consonant », permet d’analyser les liens entre cœur et raison, rhétorique figurale et argumentative, éthique et raison pratique. Si la dénonciation de raisonnements fallacieux incite à recourir au cadre théorique de la logique informelle, l’analyse de l’ensemble des emplois de l’oxymore oriente toutefois l’interprétation vers le rôle déterminant d’une autre conception de la raison pratique qualifiée par Perelman (1989 : 77) de « logique du préférable ».
Preparation and Usage of High Quality Manganese-Containing Materials from Ferroalloy Production Waste
Authors: Nohrina Olga I. , Rogihina Irina D. , Proshunin Ivan E. , Valuev Denis V.
Published: April 2020

We propose a flow diagram for processing ferroalloy production waste, such as silicothermic slag from manganese metal, as well as wet and dry powder of cleaning gas from ferroalloy furnaces that smelt manganese alloys. We experimentally determined the parameters for intensifying the calcium chloride method of enriching ferroalloy production waste, which resulted in a manganese extraction rate of 78-86%, with high-quality manganese concentrates. We present the results of studies related to the use of high-quality concentrates to dope steel with manganese, when processing it in a bucket, and smelting manganese metal via the aluminothermic method.
Study of the Possible Migration of the Components of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polyamide Films into Oils at Heat Treatment of Food Products
Authors: Ananiev Vladimir , Bannikova Olga , Filinskaya Yulia , Chernov Mishel
Published: April 2020

The FTIR spectroscopy method was used to investigate the changes in palm, sunflower and rapeseed oil at thermal influence up to 195°C, and also in contact with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (PA-6) film for 1 hour 50 minutes. It has been found that heating the oil to 195°C in contact with PET and PA-6 film does not lead to any noticeable changes in the IK oil absorption spectra. Peaks characteristic of polymers (in areas of 1535 and 1634 cm-1), are not observed.
Development of Superhydrophobic Coatings for Metal Surfaces
Authors: Loganina Valentina
Published: April 2020

Provides information about the results of the evaluation of anti-icing properties of coatings. It is shown, that the hysteresis of wetting of the superhydrophobic surface based on the developed composition is 3,7 degrees. The critical angle of rolling of a drop of water from an inclined surface is determined. The results of the evaluation of the kinetics of freezing of a water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface are given. It is shown, that in the initial period there is a transfer of heat from the surface to a drop of water. Then there is a movement of the freezing front from the substrate upwards.
Electrodeposition of Zinc Alloys from Trilonate Electrolytes
Authors: Makarova Ludmila N. , Povetkin Viktor V.
Published: April 2020

For the electrodeposition of corrosion-resistant coatings with zinc alloys with copper, stibium, cobalt, manganese and lead, complex electrolytes based on trilon B have been developed. It is shown that the developed electrolytes are characterized by high scattering power and productivity and allow obtaining fine-crystalline, semi-gloss coatings with an insignificant level of internal stresses.
Metallurgical Waste in Construction Industry
Authors: Berseneva Maria L. , Vasilovskaya Galina V. , Klindukh Nadezhda Y. , Terekhova Irina I. , Gumennaya Elena Yu.
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses a negative effect of metallurgical waste on the ecosystem, costs and benefits of a potential use of solid metallurgical waste products in production of building materials with the purpose to reduce their harmful effect on the environment and preserve nonrenewable natural resources. The most usable products a component of which is metallurgical waste, such as slag concrete and blocks, as well as break stone are compared with products made of natural raw materials. The most appropriate application fields with the minimal harm to human health and nature are recommended.
Parameters of Mechanical Properties and Resistance of Intermetallic Compounds to Martensite Transformations
Authors: Muslov Sergey A. , Pivovarov Anton A. , Pertsov Sergey S. , Zaytseva Natalya V. , Arutyunov Sergey D.
Published: April 2020

The paper analyzes Poisson’s ratios μ0=μ100,001=-s12/s11 and elastic anisotropy factor A'=s/s11 (s=s11-s12-s44/2) for single crystal materials of binary and three-component TiNi-TiFe alloys with gradually deteriorating resistance first to one B2-R and further to two martensite transformations B2-R-B19'. The study discusses a ratio H/E of TiNi-TiFe alloys both subject and not exposed to martensite transformations. Surprisingly, this ratio exceeds 0.035 for alloys with martensite transformations, being far higher than in the majority of metals and alloys.
Production Waste as a Component of Raw Materials for Construction Ceramics
Authors: Gurieva Victoria A. , Ilyina Anastasia A.
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the existing problems of the production of ceramic products in the territory of the Russian Federation, presents the priority directions of development of this industry. The study includes the determination of the properties of samples based on the raw material base of the Orenburg region, namely, waste generated during the development of brown coal from the Tyulgansk deposit - white and red clays and nickel slag of OJSC Yuzhuralnickel Combine of the Orenburg region. The study presents data from the study of the technological properties of the raw materials, the development of the composition of the ceramic mixture. The influence of the material composition of the clay / slag mixture on the physic mechanical characteristics of the products of the experimental compositions was determined: compressive strength, fire shrinkage, water absorption and density.
Use of Homogenizing Annealing for Formation of the Structure and Properties of Cast Blanks Produced from the Alloys Obtained by Aluminothermy
Authors: Popov Artem V. , Komarov Oleg , Zhilin Sergey G. , Predein Valeriy
Published: April 2020

This paperwork presents the results of a series of experiments on the use of homogenizing annealing, aimed at the possibility to control the structure and properties of steel samples obtained by aluminothermy. This method of processing, in some cases, allows to eliminate the need to use subsequent heat treatment operations due to the achievement of the required properties by the cast blank material. Refractory materials and thermite mixtures used, conditions for the production of castings and their total chemical composition are given. The tensile diagram analysis of the samples before and after heat treatment is presented; the structures and diffraction patterns of the samples’ destruction spots are considered. The material obtained by aluminothermy corresponds in its chemical composition to A1, A2, A3, A4 grade of steels for the rail transport according to GOST 31334-2007 which are used in the manufacture of locomotive axes and other rolling stock.
The Use of Polymer Composite Materials in the Manufacturing Technology of the Ship System Pipelines
Authors: Ngo Gia Viet
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the use of polymer composite materials in the manufacture of ship ventilation pipelines. In this article, the author gives the features of manufacturing technology of ship pipeline production with different designs from composite materials.
Optimization of Heat Treatment of Steel with Enhanced Thermal Resistance
Authors: Gevorgian Gor A. , Vorobyev Roman A. , Pachurin G.V. , Filippov Alexey A. , Mukhina M.V. , Chaikina Zhanna V.
Published: April 2020

The work is dedicated to the development of the optimal technological process for the manufacture of hot stamping dies and die casting molds made of steel grade 4X5MF1С, in order to ensure the required performance characteristics. The mode of hardening heat treatment of this steel grade was established, which allows to recommend it as a heat-resistant structural material for metal products with the required yield strength σ0.2 within 750 to 1000 MPa.
The Mechanism of Forming Coagulated Particles in Selective Laser Melting of Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Powder
Authors: Saprykin Alexandr , Sharkeev Yuriy , Saprykina Natalya , Ibragimov Egor
Published: April 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) is thought to be a prospective manufacturing technology of complex metal components. Formation of coagulated particles when melting is reported to be an important factor for target mechanical properties of the end product. This paper discusses the effect of SLM parameters, including laser output power, laser movement velocity, preheating temperature of the powder, laser beam diameter on the mechanism of forming coagulated particles in melting cobalt-chromium-molybdenum powdered material. The study shows that a rise of power to 60 W at a scanning velocity 6 mm/s causes coagulated particles to expand to 350 μm; that is far bigger than a size of powder in as delivered state (90 μm). The work investigates the effect of mechanical activation of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum powder on dimensions of coagulated particles. The research data can be applied to the improvement of up-to-date optimization approaches to manufacturing process parameters in SLM technology.
Methods to Improve the Quality of Ceramic Products
Authors: Endzhievskaya Irina G. , Vasilovskaya Nina G. , Gofman Oksana V. , Klindukh Nadezhda Y. , Kulik Vladislav A.
Published: April 2020

This article presents the results of experimental studies aimed at improving the physicomechanical properties of effective hollow ceramic stones using various technological methods that will disperse, homogenize and structure the ceramic mixture by introducing industrial waste with high alumina content, dispersed reinforcement, and also mechanical activation of the molding material, accompanied by the fragmentation of clay particles to a colloidal degree of dispersion, allows eliminating the aging process. The main molding characteristics of the investigated mixtures were determined, X-ray phase analysis of ceramic masses and a shard of the control composition was performed and after dispersion, activation modes were worked out, strength characteristics of ceramic samples made of dispersed clay raw materials were determined.
Afrikaanse Reseptiewe Woordeskattoets (ARW): Toepaslikheid Vir In Groep Nie-Standaardafrikaanssprekende Kinders
Authors: Buitendag Mariekie , Uys Isabel , Louw Brenda
Published: April 2020

The need for culturally approp1iate language tests served as motivation for this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability and adaptability of It he Afrikaanse Reseptiewe Woordeskattoets (ARW) (Buitendag, 1994) for a group of seven and ten year old non-standard Afrikaans speaking children from the coloured community in Gauteng, North West, Mpumalanga and Northern Province. In orde1r to achieve this goal the ARW (Buitendag, 1994), and a questionnaire regarding socio-economic deprivation, were administered to a proportionally stratified randomized sample of 960 children. Test bias was evaluated by comparing the psychometric characteristics of the test for the research group to those of the normative group. Various test adaptation procedures were considered, namely adaptations to the rank order of item difficulty, test starting points and test procedures. The results indicated the same degree of confidence in the test results of the two groups. It demonstrated that the original rank order of item difficulty does not need to be changed and that corresponding increase in ARW scores is evident with an increase in age in both groups. The findings imply that the test measures the same ability in the two groups. Although comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the test for the research group to those for the normative group failed to identify test bias, intra-group comparison indicated that the test may be linguistically biased against the socio-economically deprived sub-group. Significant differences in individual ARW scores occurred when a shift in the child's basal or ceiling item occurred as a result of the biased items. The test's cultural validity for the group may be increased by lowering the test starting points, in order to prevent reversed testing. Culturally appropriate responses should be accepted as correct, in order to award equal credit to standard and non-standard language responses and to take intra-group differences into consideration. This research is an important contribution towards the expansion of the speech-language therapist's skills and resources, vitally needed to provide culturally relevant services in South Africa to all individuals with communication disorders.
A proof of the Multijoints Conjecture and Carbery's generalization
Authors: Zhang Ruixiang
Published: April 2020

Given a set of lines in a

d

-dimensional linear space

\mathbb F^d

, a joint formed by them is a point lying on d given lines whose directions are linearly independent. The Joints Theorem gives a sharp upper bound of the total number of joints, up to a multiplicative constant. We present a new proof of the Joints Theorem without taking derivatives. Then we generalize our proof to prove the Multijoints Conjecture and Carbery’s generalization, which are unbalanced and weighted versions of the Joints Theorem. All results are in any dimension over an arbitrary field.
Heterodox economics as seen by Geoffrey Hodgson: an assessment*
Authors: Lavoie Marc
Published: April 2020

Geoffrey Hodgson has recently published a book where he wonders why heterodox economics seems to thrive while at the same time losing ground within the most prestigious universities. Although Hodgson considers himself to be a heterodox economist, he complains about the way heterodoxy has been defined by some of its most active thinkers, in particular Frederic Lee and Tony Lawson. Hodgson believes that heterodox economics should be defined neither by a left-leaning ideology nor by critical realism. He argues that too much energy has been devoted to the study of macroeconomics by the Marxist and post-Keynesian brands of heterodox economics, as they left aside what he believes to be the crucial issue of microeconomic behaviour which can be found in behavioural and evolutionary economics. Hodgson further argues that what he considers to be the decline in the impact of heterodox economics is partly due to a lack of quality control. The paper outlines and comments on these various assertions.
Luta marajoara: lugar ou não lugar no currículo de uma IES pública do estado do Pará
Authors: Santos Carlos Afonso Ferreira dos , Gomes Ivan Carlo Rego , Freitas Rogério Gonçalves de
Published: April 2020

Este artigo objetivou entender o lugar da Luta Marajoara no currículo de licenciatura em Educação Física de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública da região norte do Brasil. Realizou-se pesquisa de campo a partir de entrevista semiestruturada direcionada a dois docentes ministrantes do conteúdo Lutas, além de grupo focal com estudantes concluintes. Os resultados revelaram que a Luta Marajoara possui lugar implícito no currículo e ausente nas práticas de ensino do curso em questão. Concluiu-se que esta prática corporal, de identidade brasileira e marajoara, não consegue se legitimar no currículo da formação inicial em Educação Física, resultado da marginalização de seu conhecimento.
On the annual variability of Antarctic aerosol size distributions at Halley Research Station
Authors: Lachlan-Cope Thomas , Beddows David C. S. , Brough Neil , Jones Anna E. , Harrison Roy M. , Lupi Angelo , Yoon Young Jun , Virkkula Aki , Dall'Osto Manuel
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Southern Ocean and Antarctic region currently best represent one of the
few places left on our planet with conditions similar to the preindustrial
age. Currently, climate models have a low ability to simulate conditions
forming the aerosol baseline; a major uncertainty comes from the lack of
understanding of aerosol size distributions and their dynamics. Contrasting
studies stress that primary sea salt aerosol can contribute significantly to
the aerosol population, challenging the concept of climate biogenic
regulation by new particle formation (NPF) from dimethyl sulfide marine
emissions. We present a statistical cluster analysis of the physical characteristics of
particle size distributions (PSDs) collected at Halley (Antarctica) for the
year 2015 (89 % data coverage; 6–209 nm size range; daily size
resolution). By applying the Hartigan–Wong k-mean method we find eight clusters
describing the entire aerosol population. Three clusters show pristine average low
particle number concentrations (< 121–179 cm−3) with three main
modes (30, 75–95 and 135–160 nm) and represent 57 % of the annual PSD
(up to 89 %–100 % during winter and 34 %–65 % during summer based on monthly
averages). Nucleation and Aitken mode PSD clusters dominate summer months
(September–January, 59 %–90 %), whereas a clear bimodal distribution (43 and 134 nm,
respectively; Hoppel minimum at mode 75 nm) is seen only during the December–April
period (6 %–21 %). Major findings of the current work include: (1) NPF and
growth events originate from both the sea ice marginal zone and the
Antarctic plateau, strongly suggesting multiple vertical origins, including
the marine boundary layer and free troposphere; (2) very low particle number
concentrations are detected for a substantial part of the year (57 %),
including summer (34 %–65 %), suggesting that the strong annual aerosol
concentration cycle is driven by a short temporal interval of strong NPF
events; (3) a unique pristine aerosol cluster is seen with a bimodal size
distribution (75 and 160 nm, respectively), strongly associated with high
wind speed and possibly associated with blowing snow and sea spray sea salt,
dominating the winter aerosol population (34 %–54 %). A brief comparison
with two other stations (Dome C – Concordia – and King Sejong Station) during
the year 2015 (240 d overlap) shows that the dynamics of aerosol number
concentrations and distributions are more complex than the simple
sulfate–sea-spray binary combination, and it is likely that an array of
additional chemical components and processes drive the aerosol population. A
conceptual illustration is proposed indicating the various atmospheric
processes related to the Antarctic aerosols, with particular emphasis on the
origin of new particle formation and growth.
Effects of SO2 on optical properties of secondary organic aerosol generated from photooxidation of toluene under different relative humidity conditions
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Wang Weigang , Li Junling , Peng Chao , Li Kun , Zhou Li , Shi Bo , Chen Yan , Liu Mingyuan , Ge Maofa
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has great impacts on air
quality, climate change and human health. The composition and
physicochemical properties of SOA differ greatly because they form under
different atmospheric conditions and from various precursors as well as
differing oxidation. In this work, photooxidation experiments of toluene
were performed under four conditions (dry, dry with SO2, wet and wet
with SO2) to investigate the effect of SO2 under different
relative humidities on the composition and optical properties of SOA at
wavelengths of 375 and 532 nm. According to our results, the increase in
humidity enhances not only light absorption but also the scattering
property of the SOA. Oligomers formed through multiphase reactions might be
the reason for this phenomenon. Adding SO2 slightly lowers the real
part of the complex refractive index, RI(n), of toluene-derived SOA
(RI(n)dry,SO2<RI(n)dry, RI(n)wet,SO2<RI(n)wet), which might be a result of the partitioning of
low-oxidation-state products. The imaginary part of the complex refractive
index, RI(k), is enhanced under dry conditions with SO2 compared to that
of only dry conditions, which might be due to acid-catalyzed aldol
condensation reactions. Wet conditions with SO2 shows the combined
effect of SO2 and humidity. The extinction properties of
toluene-derived SOA under wet conditions with SO2 increased by
approximately 30 % compared to that of toluene-derived SOA formed under
dry conditions. Our results suggest that various atmospheric conditions will
affect the composition and optical proprieties of SOA, which has significant
implications for evaluating the impacts of SOA on the rapid formation of
regional haze, global radiative balance and climate change.
Detection of Atmospheric Rivers with Inline Uncertainty Quantification: TECA-BARD v1.0
Authors: O'Brien Travis A. , Risser Mark D. , Loring Burlen , Elbashandy Abdelrahman A. , Krishnan Harinarayan , Johnson Jeffrey , Patricola Christina M. , O'Brien John P. , Mahesh Ankur ,   Prabhat, Arriaga Ramirez Sarahí , Rhoades Alan M. , Charn Alexander , Inda Díaz Héctor , Collins William D.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. It has become increasingly common for researchers to utilize methods that identify weather features in climate models. There is an increasing recognition that the uncertainty associated with choice of detection method may affect our scientific understanding. For example, results from the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) indicate that there are a broad range of plausible atmospheric river (AR) detectors, and that scientific results can depend on the algorithm used. There are similar examples from the literature on extratropical cyclones and tropical cyclones. It is therefore imperative to develop detection techniques that explicitly quantify the uncertainty associated with the detection of events. We seek to answer the question: given a ‘plausible’ AR detector, how does uncertainty in the detector quantitatively impact scientific results? We develop a large dataset of global AR counts, manually identified by a set of 8 researchers with expertise in atmospheric science, which we use to constrain parameters in a novel AR detection method. We use a Bayesian framework to sample from the set of AR detector parameters that yield AR counts similar to the expert database of AR counts; this yields a set of 'plausible' AR detectors from which we can assess quantitative uncertainty. This probabilistic AR detector has been implemented in the Toolkit for Extreme Climate Analysis (TECA), which allows for efficient processing of petabyte-scale datasets. We apply the TECA Bayesian AR Detector, TECA-BARD v1.0, to the MERRA2 reanalysis and show that the sign of the correlation between global AR count and El Nino Southern Oscillation depends on the set of parameters used.
Objective functions for information-theoretical monitoring network design: what is optimal?
Authors: Foroozand Hossein , Weijs Steven V.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This paper concerns the problem of optimal monitoring network lay- out using information-theoretical methods. Numerous different objectives based on information measures have been proposed in recent literature, often focusing simultaneously on maximum information and minimum dependence between the chosen locations for data collection. We discuss these objective functions and conclude that a single objective optimization of joint entropy suffices to maximize the collection of information for a given number of sensors. Minimum dependence is a secondary objective that automatically follows from the first, but has no intrinsic justification. In fact, for two networks of equal joint entropy, one with a higher amount of redundant information should be preferred for reasons of robustness against failure. In attaining the maximum joint entropy objective, we investigate exhaustive optimization, a more computationally tractable greedy approach that adds one station at a time, and we introduce the greedy drop approach, where the full set of sensors is reduced one at a time. We show that only exhaustive optimization will give true optimum. The arguments are illustrated by a comparative case study.
Snow Water Equivalents exclusively from Snow Heights and their temporal Changes: The ΔSNOW.MODEL
Authors: Winkler Michael , Schellander Harald , Gruber Stefanie
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Snow heights have been manually observed for many years, sometimes decades, at various places. These records are often of good quality. In addition, more and more data from automatic stations and remote sensing are available. On the other hand, records of snow water equivalent SWE – synonymous for snow load or mass – are sparse, although it might be the most important snowpack feature in fields like hydrology, climatology, agriculture, natural hazards research, etc. SWE very often has to be modeled, and those models either depend on meteorological forcing or are not intended to simulate individual SWE values, like the substantial seasonal peak SWE. The ΔSNOW.MODEL is presented as a new method to simulate local-scale SWE. It solely needs snow heights as input, though a gapless record thereof. Temporal resolution of the data series is no restriction per se. The ΔSNOW.MODEL is a semi-empirical multi-layer model and freely available as R-package. Snow compaction is modeled following the rules of Newtonian viscosity. The model considers measurement errors, treats overburden loads due to fresh snow as additional unsteady compaction, and melted mass is stepwise distributed top-down in the snowpack. Seven model parameters are subject to calibration, which was performed using 71 winters from 14 stations, well-distributed over different altitudes and climatic regions of the Alps. Another 73 rather independent winters act as validation data. Results are very promising: Median bias and root mean squared error for SWE are only −4.0 kg m−2 and 23.9 kg m−2, and +2.3 kg m−2 and 23.1 kg m−2 for peak SWE, respectively. This is a major advance compared to snow models relying on empirical regressions, but also much more sophisticated thermodynamic snow models not necessarily perform better. Not least, this study outlines the need for comprehensive comparison studies on SWE measurement and modeling at the point and local scale.