bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Judgment of Garbage: End-of-Pipe Treatment and Waste Reduction
Authors: Dutt Nilanjana , King Andrew A.
Published: January 2014

Many scholars have argued that systems for treating waste impede organizations from preventing waste in the first place. They theorize that end-of-pipe (EOP) treatment diminishes the incentive to avoid creating waste in the production process and obscures the information necessary to devise prevention techniques. This prediction has been widely accepted, influencing both policy and practice, despite both a lack of supporting empirical evidence and the existence of a counterprediction. In this paper, we use data describing U.S. manufacturing establishments from 1991 to 2005 to test the connection between EOP treatment and waste reduction. Our findings show that EOP treatment is associated with an initial jump in reported waste, followed by ongoing reduction. We analyze these results by exploring mechanisms that may drive this relationship. For practitioners, our paper provides critical guidance about strategies for reducing waste. For scholars of environmental management, our paper provides new insight on when facilities accomplish “source reduction” of process waste. For broader management theories of operations and organizational design, our analysis provides new insight on boundary conditions for extrapolation from existing theories. Finally, our paper provides new guidance for the formulation of effective regulatory policy.

This paper was accepted by Christian Terwiesch, operations management.
Central-Upwind Scheme for Savage–Hutter Type Model of Submarine Landslides and Generated Tsunami Waves
Authors: Kurganov Alexander , Miller Jason
Published: January 2014

We develop a new central-upwind scheme for a one-dimensional Savage–Hutter type model of submarine landslides and
generated tsunami waves. Our scheme exactly preserves physically relevant steady-states, preserves positivity of
water depth, is insensitive to choice of discretization of nonconservative products, and properly incorporates
friction inherent in the model. We apply our scheme to a variety of test problems and the numerical results
clearly demonstrate a high accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
Potential pharmacokinetic interactions of therapeutic cytokines or cytokine modulators on small-molecule drugs: mechanistic understanding via studies using in vitro systems
Authors: Zhou Jin , Li Feng
Published: January 2014

The potential pharmacokinetic interactions between macromolecules and small-molecule drugs have received more and more attention with the increasing development of macromolecule therapeutics. Studies have shown that cytokines can differentially modulate drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, which raises concerns on the potential interactions of therapeutic cytokines and cytokine modulators on the disposition of small-molecule drugs. Although many in vitro studies have been conducted to characterize the effects of cytokines on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, these studies were limited to only a handful of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon. It is also challenging to translate these in vitro results to in vivo. In addition, information on the impact of cytokine modulators on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters is rather limited. More research is needed in this area. The present review is to provide a summary of the in vitro findings on the pharmacokinetic interactions of therapeutic cytokines and cytokine modulators on small-molecule drugs. Discussion on current challenges in assessing these interactions is also included.
Interaction of vitamin K antagonists and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: ignore at your patient’s risk
Authors: Hale Sarah Fetterman , Lesar Timothy S.
Published: January 2014

The aim of the study was to summarize available literature regarding the interaction between vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole, TMP-SMX), and to provide recommendations for managing patient risk from this interaction. Data sources were English-language publications in the medical literature and Internet databases. Relevant publications that directly or indirectly addressed the VKA-TMP-SMX interaction were selected and reviewed. The mechanism of the VKA-TMP-SMX interaction, frequency of concurrent use, effect on international normalized ratio (INR), increased risk of bleeding, and strategies for risk reduction are summarized. The concurrent use of VKA and TMP/SMX rapidly and consistently raises INR and is associated with a two- to five-fold increase in bleeding. Concurrent use of VKA and TMP-SMX should be avoided when possible. When VKA and TMP-SMX are co-prescribed, VKA dose reduction is usually required. Patient education as well as early and frequent INR monitoring is recommended to reduce risk from this interaction.
Assessment of raloxifene, estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene on thrombin activity
Authors: Surin William R. , Bhalla Hiralal , Kuriakose Gini C. , Singh Man Mohan
Published: January 2014

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Cancer-associated thrombosis is well established in clinical settings, and thrombin has been found to induce angiogenesis at cancer sites. This establishes a link between cardiovascular diseases and cancer, where cancer and thrombin have been intricately associated. Various selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been reported to exhibit anticancer activity. Therefore, we investigated estradiol-17β and SERMs dl-ormeloxifene (centchroman), raloxifene and levormeloxifene (l-centchroman) for their anticancer effects and their effect on thrombin activity.

Methods: Anticancer activity was assessed against PC-3 cell line by flow cytometry following treatment with estradiol-17β and SERMs at 10 nM–1 mM concentrations. The cells were stained with propidium iodide and the percentage of cells in the sub-G0/G1 region was considered apoptotic. Thrombin inhibitory effect was evaluated by thrombin inhibition assay in vitro following incubation with 100 nM–3 mM concentrations of estradiol-17β or various SERMs. Further, the effect of estradiol-17β and SERMs on endogenous thrombin generation potential (ETP) was assessed by thrombin generation assay on rat plasma in vitro.

Results: These compounds exhibited >90% cell death in PC-3 cell lines at 1 mM concentration except estradiol-17β. Neither estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene showed any thrombin inhibitory or enhancing activity in thrombin inhibition assay, nor did they show any effect on ETP on rat plasma in vitro. However, raloxifene inhibited thrombin activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Raloxifene decreased ETP of the plasma at 3 and 1 mM,which is equivalent to that of 30–100 U/mL of heparin. Interestingly, raloxifene increased thrombin generation at lower concentrations and it inhibited thrombin generation at higher concentrations.

Conclusions: These observations suggest that dl-ormeloxifene, estradiol-17β and levormeloxifene do not possess thrombin inhibitory activity. Raloxifene possesses thrombin modulatory effect in addition to its anticancer activity, and this observation may help us in understanding the thromboembolic complications associated with raloxifene.
A Novel Laboratory Activity for Teaching about the Evolution of Multicellularity
Authors: Ratcliff William C. , Raney Allison , Westreich Sam , Cotner Sehoya
Published: January 2014

The evolution of complexity remains one of the most challenging topics in biology to teach effectively. We present a novel laboratory activity, modeled on a recent experimental breakthrough, in which students experimentally evolve simple multicellularity using single-celled yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). By simply selecting for faster settling through liquid media, yeast evolve to form snowflake-shaped multicelled clusters that continue to evolve as multicellular individuals. We present core experimental and curriculum tools, including discussion topics and assessment instruments, and provide suggestions for teacher customization. Prelab and postlab assessments demonstrate that this lab effectively teaches fundamental concepts about the transition to multicellularity. Yeast strains, the student lab manual, and an introductory presentation are available free of charge.
Evolution, Entropy, & Biological Information
Authors: Peterson Jacob
Published: January 2014

A logical question to be expected from students: “How could life develop, that is, change, evolve from simple, primitive organisms into the complex forms existing today, while at the same time there is a generally observed decline and disorganization – the second law of thermodynamics?” The explanations in biology textbooks relied upon by students and instructors are incomplete. A necessary but insufficient premise is that only total entropy of a system must increase. In this article, I present background information for a lesson plan on entropy and question biology textbook presentations on the second law and how life could evolve despite it. The principal concept is that biological information in macromolecules provides fresh insight into evolution in the earth’s thermodynamic system.
The Mystery of the Skulls
Authors: Yerky Mike Darwin , Wilczynski Carolyn J.
Published: January 2014

In this activity, students examine nine hominin skulls for specialized features and take measurements that will enable them to determine the relatedness of these species. They will ultimately place each specimen on a basic phylogenetic tree that also reveals the geological time frame in which each species lived. On the basis of their data, and using similar scientific methods as paleoanthropologists, students will come to evidence-based conclusions about hominin evolution similar to those accepted by the scientific community (e.g., Tattersall & Schwartz, 2001; Sawyer et al., 2007; Palmer, 2010).
The Coevolution of Tyrannosaurus & Its Prey
Authors: May S. Randolph
Published: January 2014

Students will analyze the coevolution of the predator–prey relationships between Tyrannosaurus rex and its prey species using analyses of animal speeds from fossilized trackways, prey-animal armaments, adaptive behaviors, bite marks on prey-animal fossils, predator–prey ratios, and scavenger competition. The students will be asked to decide whether T. rex was a predator, an opportunistic scavenger, or an obligate scavenger.
Using Card Games to Simulate the Process of Natural Selection
Authors: Grilliot Matthew E. , Harden Siegfried
Published: January 2014

In 1858, Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. His explanation of evolution by natural selection has become the unifying theme of biology. We have found that many students do not fully comprehend the process of evolution by natural selection. We discuss a few simple games that incorporate hands-on activities to demonstrate to students this important aspect of biology.
The Pindaric First Person in Flux
Authors: Currie B. G. F.
Published: January 2014

This article argues that in Pindar's epinicians first-person statements may occasionally be made in the persona of the chorus and the athletic victor. The speaking persona behind Pindar's first-person statements varies quite widely: from generic, rhetorical poses—a laudator, an aoidos in the rhapsodic tradition (the “bardic first person”), an Everyman (the “first person indefinite”)—to strongly individualized figures: the Theban poet Pindar, the chorus, the victor. The arguable changes in the speaker's persona are not explicitly signalled in the text. This can lead to significant ambiguities concerning the identity of the speaker (“blurred quotation,” “indeterminate speech boundaries”). The lack of a concern always to distinguish clearly the primary from the secondary narrators relates to a desire to confuse diegetic and mimetic forms; the practice of the fifth-century choral lyric poets in this regard is compared to that of other ancient Greek writers. The main challenge is to indicate how it is possible, in theory and in practice, for the athletic victor to be identified as the speaker when this is not explicitly signalled in the text; and, if this is possible, to suggest how it is possible for an audience to recognize when the speaking persona subsequently reverts to laudator or poet. An attempt is made to consider whether any formal, structural, or thematic tendencies can be observed in those passages in choral lyric where the chorus or the victor are tacitly introduced as speaking personae: such effects, it is argued, occur especially when links of ritual or genealogy enable the ode to “zoom” from the mythical past to the present occasion of the performance. The main passages discussed in the article are Pind. P.8.56–60, P.9.89–92, N.7.85, Pae. 2.73–79, and Bacch. 3.84–85. But the phenomena discussed are related broadly to other phenomena in Greek literature, in Latin poetry, and, especially, in Cicero's forensic oratory.
The Correspondence of Fronto and Marcus Aurelius
Authors: Taoka Yasuko
Published: January 2014

This paper seeks to bridge two aspects of Fronto's letters, erotics and rhetoric, by demonstrating that Fronto himself merges the two areas in his discourse with Marcus Aurelius about their relationship. Whereas some letters suggest an unequal relationship based on power, others encourage the identification of Fronto with Marcus. Fronto achieves this identification by structuring their relationship itself as a metaphor in which he and Marcus are equated and linked by epistolary bonds. I close by discussing why the epistolary genre in particular is an apt site for the merger of metaphor and love.
Benign Notochordal Cell Tumor of the Sacrum with Atypical Imaging Features: The Value of CT Guided Biopsy for Diagnosis
Authors: Pasalic Dario , Luetmer Patrick H. , Hunt Christopher H. , Rose Peter S. , Diehn Felix E. , Folpe Andrew L. , Wenger Doris E.
Published: January 2014

We report a case of a benign notochordal cell tumor (BNCT) of the sacrum with atypical imaging features, which was incidentally discovered in a 74-year-old man undergoing evaluation for progressively worsening hip and back pain. It is important for radiologists, pathologists and orthopedic surgeons to be aware of the diagnosis of BNCT and be familiar with its radiographic features to avoid unnecessary treatment. This case illustrates the advantage of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy as a minimally invasive technique for definitive diagnosis of a BNCT with atypical imaging features.
Bilateral Temporal Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Radiologic Pearls
Authors: Coleman Mira A. , Matsumoto Jane , Carr Carrie M. , Eckel Laurence J. , Nageswara Rao Amulya A.
Published: January 2014

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disorder with an unpredictable clinical course and
highly varied clinical presentation ranging from single system to multisystem involvement. Although head and neck
involvement is common in LCH, isolated bilateral temporal bone involvement is exceedingly rare. Furthermore, LCH is
commonly misinterpreted as mastoiditis, otitis media and otitis externa, delaying diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic
management. To improve detection and time to treatment, it is imperative to have LCH in the differential diagnosis for
unusual presentations of the aforementioned infectious head and neck etiologies. Any lytic lesion of the temporal bone
identified by radiology should raise suspicion for LCH. We hereby describe the radiologic findings of a case of bilateral
temporal bone LCH, originally misdiagnosed as mastoiditis.
Synthesis of new compounds of the aryloxyaminopropanol type and their HPLC enantioseparation
Authors: R. Čižmáriková , A. Némethy , J. Valentová , K. Hroboňová , K. Adamcová
Published: January 2014

This article describes a preparation of some new compounds of the aryloxyaminopropanol type derived from 4-hydroxyphenylpropan- 1-one with phenylamino, cyclohexylamino and isobutylamino group in the hydrophilic part and methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl substituent in the lipophilic part of the molecule. The purity of the prepared compounds was checked by thinlayer chromatography and the structure was confirmed on the basis of interpretation of the IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. An enantioseparation of the prepared compounds was performed by using high-performance liquid chromatography on an amylase tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak AD) and native teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T). The chromatographic results such as retention, separation and resolution factors have shown that Chiralpak AD is more suitable for enantioseparation of some of the prepared compounds.
MALTHUS’S WAR ON POVERTY AS MORAL REFORM
Authors: Cremaschi Sergio
Published: January 2014

The paper aims at finding a way out of deadlocks in Malthus scholarship concerning his relationship to utilitarianism. The main claim is that Malthus viewed his own population theory and political economy as Hifsdisziplinen to moral and political philosophy, that is, empirical enquiries required in order to be able to pronounce justified value judgments on such matters as the Poor Laws. On the other hand, Malthus’s population theory and political economy were no value-free science and his policy advice - far from being ‘utilitarian’ - resulted from his overall system of ideas and was explicitly based on a set of traditional moral assumptions. These in turn were justified by a peculiar meta-ethical theory, which has been named in a somewhat improper way ‘theological utilitarianism’ and which I propose to name instead ‘consequentialist voluntarism’. The theoretical item that has misled interpreters is mention of the ‘test of Utility’ as a way of discovering whether a principle is a moral law or a ‘law of nature’. The point is that for Malthus, the test of utility is just a way for discovering the will of the Creator, and accordingly the laws of nature that he has ‘imposed’ to his creatures. The test is not, unlike Bentham and his followers, a standard for establishing what is right and wrong in itself. The issue of poverty and its remedies is the one where Malthus’s peculiar approach, once applied to a real-world issue, displays it potentialities, yielding a kind of policy-advice that is softer and more flexible than the one that may be drawn from Benthamite utilitarianism. The reconstruction shows how, through subsequent approximations and under pressure of critics, Malthus yields finally a kind of institutional approach to policies concerning poverty, making room for generalised basic education, free markets for labour and (from a certain date on) for corn, colonies, and allowing for a subsidiary role for private beneficence. The goal to be aimed at by such a mix of policies is bringing about “circumstances which tend to elevate the character of the lower classes of society”, so that they will no more accept to deprive “themselves and their children of the means of being respectable, virtuous and happy”.
The flies (Diptera) say that amber from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Bitterfeld and Rovno is the same Baltic amber
Authors: Szwedo Jacek , Sontag Elżbieta
Published: January 2014

Amber and its inclusions have been studied for over 200 years. Particular reverence was accorded the amber from the deposits around the Gulf of Gdańsk. As knowledge of amber increased, the problem of distinguishing amber from the various deposits along the Baltic Sea coast, but also in Germany, Belarus and Ukraine arose. Here we discuss the species composition of biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) from amber derived from different deposits, and discuss the use of regional names for Baltic amber yielding inclusions from the same taphocoenosis but of different geographical origin.
In the Eocene, the extant genus Caladomyia occurred in the Palaearctic (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini)
Authors: Zakrzewska Marta , Giłka Wojciech
Published: January 2014

The first fossil representative of Caladomyia SÄWEDAL, 1981, C. szadziewskii sp. n., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The genus is so far known from extant species distributed in America, mainly in the Neotropical region.
Blood plasma protein and lipid profile changes in calves during the first week of life
Authors: Herosimczyk A. , Lepczyński A. , Ożgo M. , Dratwa-Chałupnik A. , Michałek K. , Skrzypczak W.F.
Published: January 2014

The present study was undertaken to determine blood plasma protein and lipid profile changes in healthy Polish Holstein-Fresian calves of Black-and-White variety. Blood was drawn immediately after birth, before first colostrum intake and at the 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th, 36th, 48thand 72ndhour of life. Subsequent four blood samples were collected at 24 hour intervals until the 7th day of life. Plasma proteins within the isoelectric point ranging from 3.0 to 10.0 were separated using high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Among the 74 protein spots detected and analyzed, 16 were significantly altered during the first week of life. Differentially expressed spots were excised from the gels and subjected to peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF MS. In total, 12 spots were successfully identified, which correspond to three proteins, namely: apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-IV and fibrinogen gamma-B chain. A gradual increase in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol values was shown during the first seven days of calves life. The lowest concentration of these indicators were observed at birth and was followed by a rapid increase during the first week of postnatal life. These changes appear to be related to the transition in energy sources, from a maternal nutrient supply comprising mainly carbohydrates and amino acids to a diet which was rich in fat - colostrum and milk. This was reflected by the intense up-regulation of plasma proteins related with lipid transport and lipoprotein metabolism during the first week of life.
The expression of mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and extracellular superoxide dismutase in the colonic wall of pigs suffering from swine dysenteria
Authors: Chmielewska M. , Łosiewicz K. , Podlasz P. , Wąsowicz K.
Published: January 2014

The expression of 3 types of peroxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3) was studied with Real-Time PCR in the colonic wall of domestic pig suffering from swine dysentery. The expression of enzymes was studied separately in the mucosa and the muscular membrane. It was found that in the mucosa the expression of SOD1 (cytoplasmic) did not change, while the levels of expression of mitochondrial SOD2 and extracellular SOD3 were raised in inflamed colon. More dramatic changes were seen in the muscular mebrane where expression of SOD1 rose twice, this of SOD2 rose ca. 5-fold and the expression of SOD3 rose dramatically, even 30-fold.The obtained data are contradictory to findings in other types of colonic inflammation, which were studied either in the whole colonic wall, or in mucosa alone. The results show a very strong reaction of antioxidant systems in the muscular membrane in the enteritis.
Application of shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of mammary gland neoplasm in dogs
Authors: Glińska-Suchocka K. , Jankowski M. , Kubiak K. , Spużak J. , Nicpon J.
Published: January 2014

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of elastography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumours of the mammary gland in dogs. The study was performed to 12 female dogs of different breeds aged 5-12 years in which tumoral lesions of the mammary gland were found in the clinical examination. In all the animals elastographic examination of the lesions was carried out and then the fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed to determine the nature and degree of malignancy of the lesions. The examinations proved that benign neoplasms of the mammary gland showed low stiffness (average 22.42 kPa, range 19 to 42.4 kPa), whereas malignant neoplasms were characterized by high stiffness (average 235.44 kPa, range 171 to 300 kPa). On the basis of the results obtained we conclude that the elastography of proliferative lesions of the mammary gland is a useful diagnostic method for distinguishing benign neoplastic lesions from malignant neoplasms.
The influence of antibiotic treatment of bitches in oestrus on their attractiveness to males during mating
Authors: Dzięcioł M. , Niżański W. , Stańczyk E. , Kozdrowski R. , Najder-Kozdrowska L. , Twardoń J.
Published: January 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the antibiotic treatment, including the mode of drugs administration, on bitches’ attractiveness to the stud dogs during mating. Moreover, we tried to estimate the possibility of aversive effect of the drug vehicle on the male behavior. In experiment I, four bitches in oestrus without antibiotic treatment (group A), four bitches treated with intravaginal antibiotic (group B) and four bitches treated with intramuscular antibiotic (group C) were presented to four stud dogs. In experiment II, bitches in oestrus (n=5) were presented to the males (n=2) before and after the application to the females’ vulva the antibiotic carrier - Miglyol 840 (Sasol, Germany). In both experiments the presence of the typical sexual behavior of the males (sniffing, licking the vulva and anal region, mating attempts) was evaluated. In experiment III the reaction of the males to the samples containing oestrual discharge from the bitches untreated and treated with antibiotics was evaluated. In the last part of study the aversion reaction to the samples containing antibiotic and the antibiotic carrier was evaluated. The results of experiments showed that females treated with the antibiotics were less attractive to males than untreated females, regardless of the method of administration. We did not observe adverse effect of the antibiotic carrier but samples from the bitches treated with antibiotics were significantly less attractive to the males. We concluded that the reason for reduced attractiveness of the bitches in oestrus after antibiotic treatment was the changes in semiochemical signal emitted by treated females as a consequence of elimination of the vaginal bacterial flora, which seems to be involved in creation of the typical, recognizable by the stud dogs, oestrual signal but also by the possible covering effect of used drugs.
The influence of selected factors and sport results of endurance horses on their saliva cortisol concentration
Authors: Janczarek I. , Bereznowski A. , Strzelec K.
Published: January 2014

The aim of the study was to define the influence of the selected factors (gender, age, transportation time, riding distance and air temperature during the ride) on the cortisol secretion and finding a correlation between the hormone level and the horses’ sport results (veterinary parameters and the ride route parameters). The research was performed on 38 Arabian pure breed horses taking part in the endurance rides. The cortisol level was measured with enzyme-immunological method in saliva samples, taken four times from each horse. In order to verify the differences between the mean results the repeated measures design was applied. The significance of the differences between the mean values was determined by the Tukey test. To evaluate the interrelations between the analysed attributes Pearson’s correlation analysis was applied. The cortisol level at rest was not affected by any of the analysed factors. In case of other results, the most significant influence (P ≤ 0.05) was related to the gender, as well as the ride distance and air temperature during the ride. Higher cortisol level was noted in mares, horses running the longest distances and at the highest temperatures. A significant increase in the cortisol level was noted when the ride distance was longer. There were no clear correlation between the adrenal cortex activity and the veterinary parameters at different riding speed. High cortisol concentration can negatively affect the heart rate (HR) by increasing it, but it can simultaneously stimulate the body to fight dehydration.
Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves
Authors: Sobiech P. , Rękawek W. , Ali M. , Targoński R. , Żarczyńska K. , Snarska A. , Stopyra A.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible alterations in acid-base balance parameters and the coagulation profile in neonatal diarrheic calves. Twenty neonatal diarrheic and 20 clinically healthy neonatal calves aged between 1 week to 10 days were used. All blood samples were taken on the third day from the onset of diarrhea symptom. Venous blood samples were collected from each animal to determine platelet numbers, pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3-, BE, O2SAT, ctCO2 and electrolytes (K+, Na+ and Cl-). Plasma samples were collected from each animal for the measurement of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), the concentrations of fibrinogen, D-dimer and the activity of antithrombin III (AT III). Blood pH (7.19), BE (-10.6 mmol/l), HCO3 - (25.15 mmol/l), pO2 (3.33 kPa), O2SAT (24.12 %) were significantly lower and serum concentration of K+ (6.55 mmol/l) was significantly higher in diarrheic calves. These changes indicate the state of uncompensated metabolic acidosis with accompanying hyperkalemia. TT (32.05s) and APTT (39.9s) values were more prolonged in calves with diarrhea than in the control group. D-dimer (587.25 μg/l) concentrations were significantly increased while a visible drop in AT III (103.75%) activity and platelets counts (598 x109/l) were observed in diarrheic group of calves. The results suggest that a consumptive type of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) developed in diarrheic calves.
Applicability of 2D gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography in proteomic analysis of urine using mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF
Authors: Banach T. , Adaszek Ł. , Wyłupek D. , Winiarczyk M. , Winiarczyk S.
Published: January 2014

Proteomics including the studies of the structure, function and dependences between proteins is more and more extensively applied in human medicine and veterinary medicine. The analysis of protein profiles of tissues and body fluid from healthy and ill individuals allows to identify diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers in various pathological states in people and animals. This paper presents preparation of urine samples for analysis in the mass spectrometer MALDI-TOF (Ultraflextreme, Bruker, Bremen, Germany) by means of two methods: liquid chromatography based on the system Nano-LC (PROTEINER FC II, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen Germany). and two-direction electrophoresis 2DE (GE Healthcare, United Kingdom). Both methods enable separation of the mixture under consideration into individual fractions of high purity indispensable for obtaining readable mass spectra. The purpose of this paper is to determine applicability of these methods in analysis of protein composition of urine samples.
Biomarkers in canine inflammatory bowel disease diagnostics
Authors: Wdowiak M. , Rychlik A. , Kołodziejska-Sawerska A.
Published: January 2014

Canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders. The etiology, similar to human IBD, remains unknown. Canine IBD is diagnosed by exclusion, which is a long, time and money-consuming process due to the need of elimination of other diseases presenting with similar symptoms. Therefore, a search for a specific and sensitive marker is needed to overcome these difficulties.

The article is divided into 3 sections presenting up-to-date information about laboratory markers, immunohistochemical markers and changes in the neurochemical coding of the enteric nervous system, concentrating on their usefulness and future applications. Data concerning laboratory and immunohistochemical markers is based mainly on canine IBD, while the neuroimmunohistochemistry section presents knowledge from human IBD due to the lack of such studies in veterinary medicine.
The Relationship between Fiscal Sustainability and Currency Crises in Some Selected Countries
Authors: Cruz-Rodríguez Alexis
Published: January 2014

The aim of this article is to assess whether a Fiscal Sustainability Indicator (FSI) can be used to predict the probability that a currency crisis occurs. The FSI developed by Croce and Juan-Ramón (2003) is employed. Two different definitions for currency crises are used to evaluate whether they induce different results in the analysis. In general, the results suggest that the lagged FSI has an explanatory power over currency crises in some countries.
REVIEW OF SPECIAL STANDARDS IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AUDITS IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTION
Authors: Šurinová Yulia
Published: January 2014

Quality management systems (QMS) in automotive industry generally have several differences in comparison with other industrial branches. Different customers have their own specific requirements, including requirements for quality audits. Audits are one of the coretools of quality management to make the PDCA (Plan - Do - Check - Act) cycle work. As a matter of fact, compliance with ISO/TS 16949:2009 requirements is a condition for supplying the automotive industry. However, there are some standards which co-exist together with the ISO 9001 based management systems and technical specification for QMS in automotive ISO/TS16949. Which are those specific standards in automotive industry and what standard to use and why - those are the questions to be answered in this paper. The aim of the paper is to review what standards are used for audits implementation in automotive industry in the Slovak Republic, and why the organizations keep following those “extra” standards even if certification for ISO/TS 16949 is required by all the car makers. The paper is structured as follows: after short introduction to the topic and related terms, presented is our methodology. . In the third section, the achieved results are discussed. And finally, the principal findings of the paper, limitations and conclusions are presented.
EXTRACTING PROCESS AND MAPPING MANAGEMENT FOR HETEROGENNOUS SYSTEMS
Authors: Hagara Igor , Tanuška Pavol , Duchovičová Soňa
Published: January 2014

A lot of papers describe three common methods of data selection from primary systems. This paper defines how to select the correct method or combinations of methods for minimizing the impact of production system and common operation. Before using any method, it is necessary to know the primary system and its databases structures for the optimal use of the actual data structure setup and the best design for ETL process. Databases structures are usually categorized into groups, which characterize their quality. The classification helps to find the ideal method for each group and thus design a solution of ETL process with the minimal impact on the data warehouse and production system.
(Non-)Determining the Original Speaker: Reportative Particles versus Verbs
Authors: Zubeldia Larraitz
Published: January 2014

This work argues that the Basque reportative particle omen contributes to the propositional contents of the utterance, and it is not an illocutionary force indicator, contrary to what seems to be suggested by the standard view on omen. The results of the application of the assent/dissent test for the case of omen show that subjects not only accept a rejection of the reported content (p), but also a rejection of the evidential content (pomen) itself. The results are similar to those of the verb esan ‘to say’. It is, then, proposed that the difference between these two elements can be explained by distinguishing between the contents of the utterances (with Korta & Perry 2007, 2011), regarding the (non-)articulation of the original speaker.
Verbal Warfare in the Polish Media: An Analysis Of Conceptual Metaphors In Political Discourse
Authors: Gieroń-Czepczor Ewa
Published: January 2014

Cognitive semanticists, especially George Lakoff and the Rockridge Institute, joined the analysts of political discourse in the 1990s. Much has been said about the metaphorical language of the US leaders, Bush and Obama, especially during the time of the War on Terror, and a range of conceptual metaphors have been pinpointed, such as THE STATE AS A PERSON, THE STATE AS THE FAMILY, THE USA AS A MORAL LEADER/DEFENDER OF THE JUST CAUSE, WAR AS MEDICINE, ARGUMENT IS WAR. Polish political discourse is, in contrast, largely focused on internal issues and debates. The resulting image of the nation and its aims, as found in official and unofficial statements made by the Polish government and parliamentarians portrays a pervading simplistic and dualistic picture of the nation and – more importantly – suggests that all aspects of politics evoke the imagery of war waged against all other parties involved. This study traces conceptual metaphors in a large corpus of material. The primary sources include interviews with politicians as well as texts written by journalists commenting on the Polish political scene and the latest developments. Another source is daily news on popular portals and online services of selected Polish dailies and magazines. All the materials cover a period between September 2011 and mid-January 2012. The outcome of the analyses of spoken and written data reveals that political, social and economic antagonisms are well fed by language which highlights dichotomies and depicts ‘the others’ as the source of all evil. The metaphorical language largely follows the patterns investigated and described by Lakoff, providing a wealth of material to support the claim that ARGUMENT IS WAR. In the light of the collected data, multiple ‘wars’ are in progress successfully generating language of conflict.
Melangyna soszynskii sp. n. (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Sayan Mountains
Authors: Mielczarek Lukasz Emil
Published: January 2014

A new species Melangyna soszynskii is described and illustrated from males. The characters separating it from similar species are given. The species is reported only from the eastern Sayan Mountains in southern Siberia (Russia).
Monitoring gnss test base stability
Authors: Subiková Marie , Dandoš Rostislav
Published: January 2014

The article deals with monitoring the stability of the geodetic base Skalka. The introduction of the article briefly describes the history and purpose of the geodetic base Skalka, gradually resulting in the current characteristics of the base. The main part of the article deals with monitoring the stability of points of the inner and partly outer part of the base. The result is the evaluation of performed geodetic works with the assessment of the testing base stability. Identified vertical and horizontal shifts show that the base can be considered stable in terms of both geological and geodetic points of view.
Numerical solution of hard rock disintegration process – part 2
Authors: Frydrýšek Karel
Published: January 2014

This paper focuses on a numerical analysis of a hard rock (ore) disintegration process. A bit moves into the ore and subsequently disintegrates it. The disintegration (i.e. fracture of ore) is solved via a deterministic approach (FEM) and a probabilistic approach (FEM in combination with the SBRA - Simulation-Based Reliability Assessment method, i.e. Monte Carlo simulations, stochastic inputs). The ore is disintegrated by deactivating the finite elements satisfying fracture conditions. The results are compared with experiments. The application of the SBRA method is a new and innovative trend in this area. Finally, the probabilistic reliability assessment is mentioned.
Phenotypic characterization of pseudomonas bacteria isolated from polluted sites of Ostrava, Czech Republic
Authors: Vojtková Hana , Janulková Romana , Švanová Pavla
Published: January 2014

The environment of industrial cities is usually exposed to extreme impacts of anthropogenic contamination originating from fossil fuel combustion, road traffic, industry, ore mining and dressing. The degradation potential of contaminated soils greatly depends on the diversity and function of the microbial ecosystem in the given locality; in individual communities, it is possible to diagnose identical as well as different characteristics of specific bacterial strains. From the real soil samples within the City of Ostrava, namely localities strained by industrial activities, new strains were isolated and compared on the grounds of biochemical identification results using a modern system of BIOLOG MicroStation. Basic characteristics of the new isolated strains are stated, which document their phenotypic diversity not only on the level of the Pseudomonas genus but also on the level of the individual species. The differences in the physiological parameters of isolated strains are attributed to the capacities of the soil microorganisms to adapt to the polluted environment conditions. The paper offers an overview of the significance of phenotypic characterization for identification of microorganisms and their correct taxonomic classification.
Possibilities of energy recovery from municipal waste
Authors: Lapčík Vladimír , Lapčíková Marta
Published: January 2014

The article summarizes possibilities of energy recovery from municipal waste. It describes the history of incineration and energy recovery from municipal waste in Czechoslovakia and then in the Czech Republic. The attention is paid to the three currently operated plants for energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic (ZEVO Malešice, SAKO Brno and TERMIZO Liberec). The following are the characteristics of the planned plants for energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic. All these plants operate essentially based on grate boilers with flue gas treatment at the highest technical level. The article also lists other technologies which can be used for energy recovery from municipal waste - these are gasification and pyrolysis units and plasma technology. The conclusion of this contribution is devoted to the current and future situation in the area of energy recovery from municipal waste in the Czech Republic with regard to the applicable legal standards
Entering Deleuze's Political Vision
Authors: Tampio Nicholas
Published: January 2014

How can Deleuzians make his philosophy as accessible as possible to political theorists and democratic publics? This essay provides principles to enter Deleuze's political vision, namely, to research the etymology of words, to discover the image beneath concepts, to diagram schemata using rigid lines, supple lines and lines of flight, and to construct rules that balance experimentation and caution. The essay then employs this method to explicate a fecund sentence about politics in A Thousand Plateaus and presents a case why Deleuze deserves greater visibility in the political theory canon.
Deleuze's Aesthetic Answer to Heraclitus: The Logic of Sensation
Authors: Carraro Filippo
Published: January 2014

The painter Francis Bacon and the philosopher Gilles Deleuze agree with Heraclitus: any phenomenon is constituted of movement or becoming and no appearance endures. I read Francis Bacon, The Logic of Sensation from the perspective of the Heraclitean flux. This allows me to show the eminent role of forces (movement beneath the soil of visibility) in the work of Deleuze, which he inherits from the Greek philosopher. I point at sensation as Deleuze's re-thinking of the notion of becoming. ‘How can an artist make an object endure?’ The artistic product, for Deleuze, embodies the force to recreate itself, and thus to endure in the universe. This phenomenon is a bloc of sensation.
Another Use of the Concept of the Simulacrum: Deleuze, Lucretius and the Practical Critique of Demystification
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: January 2014

While many of the most important figures in the history of philosophy have employed the concept of the simulacrum in one way or another, a detailed study of this usage has yet to be written. In this essay, I will attempt to tell the story of a sequence in that history of that usage, by focusing on one of Deleuze's case studies of the concept of the simulacrum. To do so, I will focus primarily on one the appendices to The Logic of Sense: ‘Lucretius and the Simulacrum’. In order to understand what I will call the Deleuze–Lucretius encounter, I will proceed as follows. After a few initial guiding remarks regarding the general project of the ‘inversion of Platonism’, we will outline some of the most fundamental features of atomistic physics. This will allow us to discuss Lucretius’ thoughts on the clinamen, the swerve. This, in turn, leads directly to the concept of the simulacrum. With such a picture of Lucretian physics in hand, I will pivot to a discussion of Lucretius’ ethics. The ethics consists of a critique of superstition in terms of a general project of demystification. Although this sequence will concentrate mostly on what became one of the appendices to The Logic of Sense, I will end by looking at the more general usage of Lucretian atomism, especially as it functions in Difference and Repetition and The Logic of Sense.
L'Ebène de Madagascar et les arbres qui le produisent
Authors: Perrier de la Bathie Henri
Published: January 2014

Madagascar est très riche en arbres producteurs d'ébène. Au cours d'une révision des Ebénacées malgaches 24 espèces de cette famille, 3 Maba, 3 Tetraclis et 18 Diospyros, ont été reconnus comme tels, mais sur ces 24 espèces, onze sont de petite taille et partant de peu de valeur, et sur cinq autres nous n'avons que des données douteuses et incomplètes. Les huit autres, Diospyros calophylla, D. toxicaria et D. hazomainty, du Domaine oriental ; D. lenticellata et D. mapingô du Sambirano ; D. anàlamerensis, D. parifolia et D. perrieri du Domaine occidental, sont ou plus exactement ont été les principaux producteurs de l'ébène de Madagascar et, à ce titre, des essences précieuses qu'il faudrait conserver. Or ces arbres, de croissance très lente, exploités depuis des siècles, par suite de cette exploitation sont devenus tellement rares que l'on peut dire qu'ils n'existent plus sur la Grande-Ile, du moins sous leur port adulte, seul exploitable. Mais heureusement, sous forme de rejets de souche, ou de jeunes pieds, ou encore de grands arbustes développés à la grande lumière et par suite ramifiés dès la base, ces espèces peuvent encore se retrouver et, comme elles fructifient parfois sous ces formes anormales, être multipliées et sauvées ainsi de l'extinction totale. Cela n'aurait pas qu'un intérêt purement botanique. Semées sous une futaie d'essence à croissance rapide, ces ébéniers pourraient servir à revaloriser les vastes étendues de terres incultivables, qui sont une des grandes tares de Madagascar. Ce serait difficile, objectera-t-on. Certes ! impossible même ! tant que les Forestiers que la Métropole envoie outre-mer ne sauront de la biologie et de l'écologie des forêts tropicales que ce qu'on apprend à Nancy.
Ethnologie et littérature : Gaston Lucas, serrurier
Authors: Lejeune Philippe
Published: January 2014

Ethnology and Literature : Gaston Lucas, serrurier.

Adélaïde Blasquez, a writer, has published the account of the life of one of his neighbors, a locksmith, in the series Terre Humaine (Paris, Pion). This article is about the author's discussions with A. Blasquez during which the following principal points were raised : how to transcribe an oral account and change a dialogue into a monologue ? What power relationship exists between interviewee and interviewer ? Given the way this unique account has been put together without being submitted to any analysis, is it to be taken as a scientific study or as a literary work ?