bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canonical Status of the Tantras
Authors: Gray David B.
Published: October 2023

The fourth chapter focuses on the canonical status of the tantras. It begins with an overview of the different types of tantric literature, followed by a discussion of the concentric organization of tantric literature, which centers on “root tantras” from which radiate exegetical literature and ritual manuals. It introduces the various attempts to classify this literature, with the distinction between “outer” ritual and “inner” contemplative practices one of the central organizing principles. The chapter also overviews the organization of tantric literature into canons in Tibet and East Asia, and it discusses how this sheds light on how this literature was understood by the communities that preserved it.
The Warren Cycle
Authors: Laycock Joseph P. , Harrelson Eric
Published: October 2023

This chapter examines the lives and careers of Ed and Lorraine Warren, as well as the cinematic depictions of their cases. The chapter begins with a biography of the Warrens assembled using their own writings, archival materials, and interviews with the authors and paranormal investigators who met them. There is evidence that the Warrens began to emphasize their roles as “demonologists,” rather than ghost investigators, in the 1970s in response to The Exorcist. The rest of the chapter reviews their cases in chronological order while discussing any films inspired by the cases. Cases discussed include the legend of the demon-possessed “Annabelle” doll, the haunting of the Perron family that became the basis of The Conjuring, the Amityville Horror case in Long Island, and the so-called “demon-murder trial” of Arne Johnson.
Setting Rules from Old Regime to Midcentury
Authors: Troyansky David G.
Published: October 2023

The chapter explores rulemaking for retirement. It describes Old Regime precedents, taking individual cases from the military and the magistracy. It traces the history of legislation from Revolution to Restoration and the consequent structuring of a system that rewarded public contributions, set standard requirements of sixty years of age and thirty years of service, publicized heroism, and normalized honor. Particularly important are the ordonnances of 1814 and 1815 and their aftermath in the building of bureaucratic structures, the debate on forced retirement in 1824 and the 1850s, and the conflict between life tenure (inamovibilité) and the removal of the superannuated. Among its most important sources are internal bureaucratic paperwork and parliamentary debates over the wisdom of challenging life tenure.
Changing Content and Expectations
Authors: Troyansky David G.
Published: October 2023

The chapter charts themes (age, career, right, honor, politics, favor, need, infirmity, family) raised in pension demands across the first half of the nineteenth century. It explores change and continuity in first-person accounts drawn from six departments of France across three periods: 1814–15, 1816–29, and 1830–49. It samples the language magistrates deployed, revealing their stated expectations as well as their ability to complain and self-dramatize. Favor or a right to favor and discussion of family and politics gave way to simple assertions of an earned right and thorough documentation as the system became more bureaucratic, while ministerial responses grew more automatic. Dramatic narratives and pleas for justice, including memories of political decisions, claims of victimization, and comparisons with colleagues, gave way to routinized correspondence and procedures. Magistrates presented themselves as public servants or fonctionnaires responsible for the running of the state.
Introduction to Social Work, White Supremacy, and Racial Justice
Authors: Abrams Laura S. , Crewe Sandra Edmonds , Dettlaff Alan J. , Williams James Herbert
Published: October 2023

In this chapter, we present the rationale and overview for this book project. We first situate this volume in the literature and theory that precede this project, including the core tension of social work being both a helping profession and a source of racial oppression. Next, we provide the readership with an overview of the four main components of the book. We end this chapter we with suggestions on how to use this book for future teaching and scholarship.
Gentrification and the History of Power and Oppression of Older African Americans in Washington, DC
Authors: Cosby Robert L.
Published: October 2023

This chapter examines gentrification and the history of power and wealth that impacts and oppresses older African Americans in Washington, DC. African Americans have been displaced as neighborhoods have changed and more affluent residents have supplanted them. Older African Americans have shared their narratives with social workers about how gentrification impacts their lives. Their stories reveal links to gentrification, generational wealth, and the denial of wealth. The goals of this chapter include examining some of the historical facets of gentrification and the links to generational wealth; revealing how some historical foundation points of racism have been woven through government housing policies at the local, state, and federal levels to advantage one group; and showing how the complexity of related power oppresses and compounds social isolation. These issues negatively impact older African Americans and their families, destroying culture and economic opportunity.
Displacing a Community, Professionalizing a Practice
Authors: Chatterjee Alicia
Published: October 2023

In 1912, the state of Maine forcibly removed a small, mixed-race community of Black, Indigenous, Portuguese, and White islanders that had been cultivated for well over half of a century on Malaga Island. The eviction of the entire island population, which saw homes destroyed and cemeteries unearthed, was fueled by fear-driven narratives of the pathological immorality of Malaga residents’ interracial relationships and women-led families, “pauperism,” and state dependence. Although sensational at the time, the history of Malaga Island is obscure outside of the region and its implications for social work remain understudied. This chapter examines how missionizing social reformers’ involvement on the island was rooted in logics of White supremacy, providing an early example of the coupling of race and pathology in nascent social work thought and practice, which has continued to harm people of color under the tangled pretense of helping them.
Mothers Who Receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Authors: Toft Jessica
Published: October 2023

This chapter examines the historical and contemporary citizenship embodiment for African American mother recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). Racialized constructions of mothers have been a central factor in the development and disbursement of U.S. public assistance policy. The chapter applies the citizenship framework of T. H. Marshall and Thomas Janoski including civil, political, social, and economic rights. Evidence is examined from a variety of sources: legal jurisprudence, policy provisions, state administrative rules, political discourse, social work professional and street-level bureaucratic practices, and impacts on TANF’s targeted citizens. In this manner, the extent of citizenship experienced under conditions and rules of white supremacy—and social work’s historic and current engagement in these practices—is interrogated. Furthermore, the ways in which White supremacy has infiltrated what are often considered protections of citizens and civil society, from legal and policy structures to professional practice, are interrogated.
Becoming Antiracist Social Workers
Authors: Malcome Marion L. , Holmberg Brit
Published: October 2023

This chapter is a first-person narrative of a ten-year journey of two clinical social workers addressing racism from within the mental health community in Chicago, Illinois. First, the chapter emphasizes the importance of place and context in confronting racism in the profession. Then, it considers why mental health care is a unique site for the perpetuation or eradication of racist ideas and the critical role of social workers in these spaces. Then it reflects on the initial development and growth of the authors’ training, “Becoming an Antiracist Social Worker,” which has now been offered to an estimated 1,000 mental health providers and several organizations. The chapter discusses how the authors’ positionalities, lived experiences, and relationship as a Black woman and White male have both informed and strengthened their approach and strategies to addressing racism from within social work. This narrative will identify best practices, pitfalls, and ethical considerations to widen the social work lens for envisioning and actualizing an antiracist profession.
Keeping It 100
Authors: Aquino-Adriatico Gabrielle
Published: October 2023

How can you keep it 100 and combat racism in social work education? This chapter discusses how a group called Keeping It 100, led by female social workers of color, created safe spaces for women of color graduate social work students during the COVID-19 pandemic. These spaces eventually became collective healing spaces where female social work students of color were able to be their authentic selves. This chapter discusses the background of Keeping It 100 and the frameworks that guide their work and shares the innovative ways Keeping It 100 combats racism in social work education. The chapter ends with lessons learned and provides calls to action so that social change can be collectively made in social work education.
Imagining a New World Through Afrofuturism
Authors: Dove Lakindra Mitchell
Published: October 2023

This chapter explores future implications for social work practice through the lens of Afrofuturism as a framework that has been gaining attention within the field of social work. Some of the discourse regarding racism in America perpetuates divisiveness and is deeply rooted in historical, colonial, and traumatic interactions between Black and White people, perpetuating an us-versus-them perspective that is circular and centers White supremacy. A shift in how racism is discussed is warranted, one that centers the voices of Black people from a liberatory and strengths-based perspective rather than an oppressive point of view. This chapter attempts to offer an alternative perspective that is not focused on dismantling racism but rather on creating something anew, a world where racism and its lingering effects do not exist, and imagining a society in which Black people experience true liberation.
Beyond Reimagining Black Lives
Authors: Harden Troy , Eigler Cindy
Published: October 2023

Reimagining programming, including social programs that address public safety and education, has become a central focus of well-meaning practitioners after the death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police officer Derick Chauvin. However, without dismantling the gaze and influence of White supremacy, it fails to center the lived reality, inherent wisdom, memories, hopes, and dreams of the people that social work seeks to partner with. Drawing upon the experiences of activists, practitioners, scholars, and those most impacted by state-sanctioned violence, survivors of police torture, this chapter seeks to move “beyond reimagining” to consider a world that does not need the systems that have been produced by racism that contain, marginalize, and disrupt, and instead, cocreate a future that honors dignity, humanity, creativity, and community.
The Role of Social Workers in Transforming the American Educational System as a Means to Carceral Abolition
Authors: Hill Alizé B. , Washington Durrell Malik , Harper Toyan , Kern Lester J.
Published: October 2023

This chapter highlights the racist entwinement of the education and prison system and provides specific recommendations for an antiracist future. A critical review of literature on the intersection of the educational system, prison abolition, and social work reveals several lessons. First, the education system and the prison industrial complex are inextricably linked, which means efforts to abolish the prison system must simultaneously work to transform the education system. Second, social work and abolitionist principles align if they are true to their ideologies, suggesting a need for coalescence. Lastly, the unique roles social workers play between systems and across the life course, coupled with a commitment to antioppressive practices, perfectly position social workers to lead educational system transformation and prison abolition efforts. Social workers must intentionally work toward transforming the education system, abolishing the prison system, and rejecting roles that do not align with the profession’s core values.
The Subjection and Spectacle of Social Work
Authors: Rangel Michael
Published: October 2023

Social work has been an integral part of the carceral state in utilizing power, control, and discipline in service to others. The societal problems social work so diligently works to end persist, because there has been no investigation to interrogate and transform the field from within. Recently, social workers have been prompted to collaborate with—or even replace—police, but social workers’ engagement in punitive and disciplinary practices has only deepened the relationship between the two. This chapter argues that American professional social work has complicitly created, sustained, and expanded the carceral state. Incorporating critical theory, cultural studies, and feminist methodologies, this chapter promotes an engagement beyond current understanding of knowledge production and philosophies of care, sociality, and carcerality. Social work must build, imagine, and actualize the abolishment of the carceral state to then root the profession in a fabrication of an entirely different social work/ing.
Riotous Research
Authors: Nelson Anna , Kew Kristin
Published: October 2023

This chapter discusses a critical photovoice study that was conducted at a school of social work in a Hispanic-serving institution. This photovoice engaged master’s-seeking Black, Indigenous, and students of color (BISOC) studying social work in the U.S. Southwest. The photovoice apprehended BISOC’s experiences of racism and collective trauma and affirmed BISOC’s cultural capital as promotive of their academic persistence and protective against collective trauma. A counter-narrative of BISOC’s academic persistence was bolstered by ganas, ethnic consciousness and perseverant wealth, Native resilience, and nation-building. The chapter explores how critical trauma theory provides an anti-racist framework to promote BISOC cultural capital, sense of mattering, and persistence while dismantling racism in social work education and practice.
Wreckonomics
Authors: Andersson Ruben , Keen David
Published: October 2023

Wreckonomics examines the Cold War, the “war on terror,” the “fight against illegal migration,” and the “war on drugs and crime” through political systems analysis. The book argues that these various “wars” and “fights” have frequently been damaging and even counterproductive—not least because they have been extensively “gamed” by those with varied purposes in mind. It also considers the costs of “laissez faire” and “lockdown” during the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest that even as success has been loudly proclaimed in various interventions and evidence has been marshaled to support this claim, it is very often precisely the belligerent response that is doing most to fuel the problem. The book argues for a better appreciation of the true costs and benefits of these various wars and fights—and in particular of the way that costs have been unfairly and unevenly distributed. If the habit of fixation and gaming can be set aside, space can be created for the kind of dissent and political dialogue that helps to build alternative coalitions around a proper appreciation of costs.
Cold War Games
Authors: Andersson Ruben , Keen David
Published: October 2023

This chapter situates the book’s analysis within the trends in the study of war and security that emerged as the Cold War thawed. The Cold War took the form of a standoff between the two superpowers while also bringing the threat and possibility of massive violence between them. It also involved a series of “proxy wars” in which multiple games were played, and these were often only loosely linked to the enterprise of “winning.” Looking at the Vietnam War and the superpower arms race, the chapter finds that the costs and benefits of the Cold War were distributed extremely unevenly across many levels. Engaging with the Cold War and its aftermath helps us to understand—and situate historically—the wars and fights that evolved and accelerated in its long aftermath.
Taking the Long View
Authors: McDaniel Justin T. , Sylwester Kevin , Stapel Rick F. , Ting Tim , Albright David L.
Published: October 2023

Using data from the 2010 National Survey of Veterans, the authors first provide an estimate of the odds of a mental health problem—with subsequent counseling—among veterans based on various combat scenarios, and, second, provide an estimate of the mental health care costs for treating veterans with mental health problems. Results showed that veterans who were exposed to the dead, dying, and wounded while in a combat zone were 2.36 times more likely to have a mental health problem with accompanying counseling than a veteran who did not experience the same. A total cost estimate for the two-year costs of treatment for military veterans with mental health issues is between $0.89 billion and $1.56 billion. It is evident that the costs of combat-related violence are becoming more predictable, especially with regard to mental health care; however, additional work is needed.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Weaponized
Authors: MacIntosh Duncan
Published: October 2023

This chapter conceptually analyzes moral injury. It identifies two puzzles. First, soldiers sometimes sustain moral injury even from doing right actions. Second, they experience moral exhaustion from making decisions even where the morally right choice is so obvious that it shouldn’t be stressful to make; and even where rightness of decision is so murky that no decision could be morally faulted. The author introduces the concept of moral pseudo-injury—felt moral injury that has in reality resulted from violation of a false moral code, so that no one has really been morally injured. This can be used as a method in warfighting. And since the injuries it produces are illusory, it is morally superior to physical violence. Our enemies often use moral pseudo-injury against us in the form of terrorist violence against civilians. Terrorism causes comparatively few harms, yet we mistakenly see it as more morally horrific than conventional combat.
Incorporating Moral Injury in Military and Veteran Policy
Authors: Laha-Walsh Kirsten , Steele Haley , Albright David L.
Published: October 2023

Moral injury is not a recognized mental health disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is currently in its fifth edition. This is important, as care practice guidelines for mental health within the Department of Veterans Affairs are based around validation of the mental health issues in the DSM. Additionally, a preliminary working diagnosis is needed that can be tested and evaluated. Legislative efforts have circled moral injury in language but have not been able to fully utilize the concept due to the lack of validity compared to verified disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Moral injury did, however, gain some traction in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic as crime, unemployment, and suicide rates increased. Such recognition begs for policy efforts from multiple disciplines that could support the usage of tools for predictors or evaluations of moral injury.
From Cautious to Conscious Inclusion
Authors: Pham Janelle
Published: October 2023

It was not until only recently (2015) that all combat positions have been opened to all genders and theoretically based upon gender-neutral capabilities rather than someone’s biological sex at birth. Today, women’s participation in the Special Operations forces demonstrate the perpetuation of the myth of female distraction and a pressing need to confront it. This chapter provides a historical overview of women’s integration into military roles, including realities of service during America’s recent longest wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. It evaluates the most pressing concerns facing a society where women may soon be drafted to fight the nation’s wars. While policy has moved from an era of cautious inclusion to one of conscious inclusion of women in military roles, it is necessary to address the pragmatic policy considerations of accommodating physical strength differences with adaptive technology and preventing and responding to military sexual trauma, rather than dwelling on antiquated stereotypes.
The Vow That Starts the Story
Authors: Rotman Andy
Published: October 2023

The Buddha’s life story is generally said to begin many eons ago, during a previous birth, when as a learned brahman he made a vow before the Buddha Dīpaṅkara (Illuminator) that he too would one day become a buddha. Dīpaṅkara then foretold that in the distant future this would come to pass. This story is one of the most famous in the Buddhist world, and it is immortalized in Buddhist art and literature. The story is especially popular in sculptures from the first centuries of the Common Era from the northwest region of the Indian subcontinent then known as Gandhāra. In fact, of the roughly 180 representations of past-life stories in Gandhāran art, nearly 130 of them depict the vow story. Why was this story so popular back then? And what does it tell us about the Buddha’s biography?
A Timeless Love Story
Authors: Sasson Vanessa R.
Published: October 2023

This chapter examines the multilife relationship between the Bodhisattva and Yaśodharā—an iterative relationship that serves as an expression of the lateral expansion of the Buddha life story. According to many early textual sources, the Bodhisattva was married to Yaśodharā for lifetimes. They share a parallel and deeply intertwined trajectory through a series of past lives and into their final rebirth. In their final lives together, their marriage serves to anchor the Bodhisattva’s narrative to the Buddha-life blueprint: because other buddhas were married before they made their Great Departure, he must marry her. His relationship to Yaśodharā is therefore part of what qualifies him for Buddhahood.
Overstory
Authors: Strong John S.
Published: October 2023

This epilogue reflects on the career and character of the Buddha by presenting and analyzing an episode from the end of his life story. This recounts his feat of clearing away a great boulder blocking the road he is taking to get to Kuśinagarī which the Malla strongmen are having difficulty removing. The tale has many dimensions: it glorifies the Buddha, cataloguing his various extraordinary powers, among them the innate physical power he owes to his parents (mātāpaitṛkabala) that allows him to toss the rock high into the air; his supernormal powers (ṛddhi) that enable him to reduce the rock to dust particles; and the power of his wisdom (prajñā) that causes him to put it back together again. The tale also has doctrinal dimensions and may be seen as an allegorical summation of the dialectical pattern of the life of the Buddha as a whole.
Neo-Gnosticism in American Literature
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: October 2023

Many nineteenth-century American authors such as Poe, Hawthorne, and Melville held neo-gnostic affinities, according to scholarship, and many twentieth- and twenty-first century American authors have also been interpreted as neo-gnostic. There are many neo-gnostic elements in contemporary fiction and poetry, for instance, in the works of Robinson Jeffers and science fiction works by authors including Philip K. Dick and William Gibson, as well as Thomas Pynchon and Cormac McCarthy. Horror fiction, through authors including H. P. Lovecraft and Thomas Ligotti, can be seen in a neo-gnostic context. Neo-gnosticism emerges in contemporary fiction as a set of intellectual “bricks” including concepts like hostile society, archons, and so forth.
Neo-Gnostic Video
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: October 2023

Popular films or videos that have generated subsequent neo-gnostic memes in popular culture include The Matrix, They Live, Dark City, Eyes Wide Shut, and the Twin Peaks series, as well as influential directors David Lynch and Stanley Kubrick. In particular, widespread and influential political memes like “red pill” from The Matrix series of films or the revelatory eyeglasses of the film They Live recur on the political right as critiques of bureaucratic, technological, and centralized power. Films, videos, and anime typically reflect neo-gnostic forms of cosmological gnosis, but not metaphysical gnosis. Discusses political religion and related meme-producing themes in video.
The Neo-Gnosticism of Miguel Serrano
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: October 2023

Several concepts from early Christian–era Gnosticism appear directly in the numerous late works of a recent Chilean author, Miguel Serrano (1917–2009), whose work and thought exemplifies cosmological gnosis. Many international readers knew Serrano as author of unusual fictional works and as an ambassador for Chile to several countries. During his time abroad, he met, and in many cases befriended, famous figures of the day, including Carl Jung, Herman Hesse, Ezra Pound, and the fourteenth Dalai Lama. But fewer are aware of his works promoting a grand cosmological synthesis of many world religious traditions with esoteric Hitlerism expressed in gnostic terms. His syncretic system includes references to a demiurge and to gnosis, as well as to many other esoteric traditions from Europe, India, Tibet, and elsewhere, largely in a neo-gnostic context.
Psychedelic Gnosis
Authors: Versluis Arthur
Published: October 2023

There is a history of psychedelics and entheogens in twentieth- and twenty-first century in the context of neo-gnostic elements from contemporary popular authors and scholars including Christopher Bache, Jonathan Phillips, Erik Davis, and Daniel Pinchbeck. In particular the scholarly work of Christopher Partridge provides some context. Christopher Bache’s work also clearly has a prophetic element in such books as Dark Night, Early Dawn. There is also millenarian aspects of Bache’s and Pinchbeck’s work and the relation of Bache’s work to Buddhism, with contemporary literature on psychedelics in a new religious context with relation to neo-gnostic elements, including the term “paragnosis.”
Introduction and Overview
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

In the United States, 7.7 million children have been diagnosed with at least one mental health disorder. Unmet treatment need is high, and clinical social workers shoulder the work of providing effective mental health services to children, especially those who live in poverty. The purpose of Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Social Work: A Casebook is to provide a comprehensive text, including assessment, goal setting, and intervention, for the treatment of mental health problems in children and adolescents in contemporary social work practice settings. Frameworks used to organize the material are the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), risk and resilience, and evidence-based practice. Detailed case studies illustrate the application of treatments that are empirically supported.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the Medical Model
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic system published by the American Psychiatric Association. The reasons for its use among social workers, and its drawbacks, particularly as it comes to the guiding principles and ethics of social work, are discussed. The case of bipolar disorder diagnosis in youths is used as an illustration. Given that the DSM system will likely remain, social workers need to be conversant with the manual and its use, while also retaining a critical perspective. For this book, the DSM is used as an organizing framework to present a survey of the mental health disorders that are commonly seen in community settings.
Eating Disorders
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline , Wolk Courtney Benjamin
Published: October 2023

Feeding and eating disorders are characterized by disturbances in a person’s eating behaviors and perceptions of body weight and shape. The focus of this chapter is on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, but the “eating disorders” are discussed together because the field has accepted a “transdiagnostic” approach, which highlights the shared symptoms and overlapping risk factors. Screening should routinely be done during the assessment of adolescents in medical and mental health settings. Eating disorders are moderately to highly heritable and arise from the combined effects of genes as well as one’s environment and experiences. There is a paucity of research on eating disorder intervention in adolescents compared with other psychiatric disorders. Eating disorders represent a specialty area of practice, so social workers will mainly be involved in referring clients to treatment facilities and specialty care providers.
Practising egalitarianism
Authors: Adlington Robert
Published: October 2023

The relationships forged between performers in an ensemble comprise perhaps the most widely recognised way in which music-making can model democracy. The strengths and weaknesses of the democratic analogy for ensemble music-making are carefully assessed. Attention is then turned towards recent approaches to democratic deliberation, which highlight the unavoidability of circumstances that compromise inclusion and equality. These findings are placed against the utopian claims that have been made about collective free improvisation as a practice especially open to differences between performers, claims that have not prevented experiences of exclusion and marginalisation amongst improvisers. Theories of deliberation prove especially useful in indicating how free improvisers’ stated desire to encompass difference may exist alongside a desire for kinds of sameness, driving the articulation of citizenship norms that inevitably establish boundaries to inclusion.
The Coming Storm
Authors: Zoloth Laurie
Published: October 2023

This chapter provides a concise review of the history of climate change science, including how the phenomena of global warming and the “greenhouse effect” were first theorized in the early years of the Industrial Revolution, including the work of a woman scientist, Eunice Foote. The scientific observations of weather and weather patterns became increasingly important during World War II, and then, the scientists emerged from war prepared to do serious and long-range forecasting. The chapter briefly describes the earth and atmosphere science that has now discerned the path from industrial production, the use of fossil fuels, to the patterns of global warming. These insights led to a greater understanding of the dynamics of carbon buildup in the Earth’s atmosphere and to the likely effects on the weather of the planet. The chapter then turns to the history of the efforts to address this problem and describes the early meetings that led to the United Nations Intergovernmental Commission on Climate (UNIPPC). The chapter describes the political efforts at the national and international level to create treaties to address the issue and the ways that they have so far failed to curtail extraction and production of fossil fuels. The chapter describes the projected outcomes of a warming planet and describes the dreadful scenarios of the future if we do not intervene.
Making a Place
Authors: Zoloth Laurie
Published: October 2023

This chapter turns to the historical example of a natural event that became a national tragedy because of human structural choices to organize a society in a specific way. This dynamic is a metaphoric way to think about our situation as we confront climate change—where human choices will set in motion destructive natural processes that will threaten the lives of our fellow citizens. It is the contention of this chapter that we can learn from the reactions to the Lisbon Earthquake of 1755, and to the ongoing reception of the story of that day, as we look for thoughtful and meaningful responses to the catastrophes of our time, a time in which the fragility and paradoxical power of the natural world challenge our faith traditions, and when we will also need to turn to our text and traditions to draw a different language for our response. It then considers how Jewish rabbinic thought thinks about earthquake and other disruption of the natural world and their relationship to human societies and their choices.
You Must Interrupt Your Life
Authors: Zoloth Laurie
Published: October 2023

This chapter was first presented as a speech by the author when she was president to the American Academy of Religion. It calls on the author’s field to stop what it is doing to focus attention on the crisis of climate change and for the wider world of scholars and citizens to consider why such a cessation is necessary. First written in 2014, which was a sabbatical year in the Jewish liturgical calendar, it calls for the institution of a “sabbatical year” in which attendees would not meet in a large group of 10,000, in a fancy hotel, but would teach instead in their own places and teach about climate change and think about what to do. While this call did not work to stop the conferences, ironically, by the next Jewish calendar sabbatical year, in 2020 and 2021, indeed, they did not meet, for by then, COVID-19 had swept across the globe, and they entered a two consecutive winters of virtual events. This chapter explains how a warmer world is also a sicker world, more vulnerable to infection and plague and why a sabbatical year is still important. This chapter uses the concept of the sabbatical in the Hebrew Bible to explore how cessation from ownership and production is a key element of a just society. This chapter develops a “theology of interruption” as the theory that is foundational to this call.
Introduction
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

The rise of democracy was a major preoccupation of the nineteenth century. The experience of the United States—including its contradictions, exclusions, and inconsistencies—was central to how contemporaries discussed and understood this phenomenon. Though the government was all-male by design, probing questions about the place of women—free and enslaved, white and Black—within American democracy emerged and extended across print media, both in and outside activist circles. The introduction clarifies the book’s key terms (the “woman question,” published opinion, and democracy) and asserts that across a turbulent century that witnessed the end of slavery, debates over the most suitable modes of self-governance for the female half of the population became vital elements of democratic theory and practice.
Prelude
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

This prelude begins the book’s narrative in the 1830s, when the “woman question” began to appear regularly in print, first among abolitionists to refer narrowly to organizational disputes and then in more general interest periodicals. Expanding women’s rights and responsibilities had been proposed and contested during the revolutionary era, but the 1830s represented a new phase in the context of mass-circulation newspapers and periodicals and a mass party system rooted in universal (white manhood) suffrage. Querists and activists alike understood the importance of published opinion as a mechanism for progress in a democratic age and thus did their part to advance or moderate change.
Observing American Democracy
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

This chapter reveals how foreign observers in the 1830s helped establish the terms of debate over democracy and the woman question. Curious to learn what the United States could reveal about popular government, a new phenomenon they understood—for good or ill—as inevitable, Alexis de Tocqueville, his traveling companion Gustave de Beaumont, and Harriet Martineau observed a dynamic and expanding American republic first-hand. Across their multiple books, women—enslaved and free, white and nonwhite—and the institution of marriage drew their careful attention. Americans were acutely sensitive to outside observations, especially those that noted the inconsistencies of a self-proclaimed democratic nation attached to slavery and to new aristocracies of “sex” and “skin color.” Fastening attention on the apparently anomalous place of women in American democracy, these observers introduced powerful and enduring turns of phrase into the realm of published opinion.
Domesticating Democracy
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

In a rapidly expanding media landscape, a whole industry of advice writing counseled men and women on how to be self-governing, a concept just then undergoing a shift in meaning. Among the most significant of these guides was Catharine Beecher’s Treatise on Domestic Economy (1841), which relied heavily on Tocqueville in rendering wives and mothers central to the success of American democracy. Addressing primarily a white middle-class audience anxious about economic and political change, this domestic literature insisted that the family taught and nurtured crucial habits, which made it the first and most important “school” of self-government. A more radical reimagining of the family appeared in the utopian socialist writings of the Fourierists and, in more enduring terms, in the democratic individuality of Margaret Fuller.
Reconstructing the Woman Question
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

This chapter returns to the discussions of the woman question that occurred apart from the specific issues raised by the Civil War and its aftermath. The subject drew the attention of theorists and commentators abroad as well as within United States. The publication of John Stuart Mill’s Subjection of Women in 1869 became a major event in published opinion, eliciting response and commentary far outside movement circles. As many Americans were still reeling from the pace of reform in the 1860s, Mill’s critique of the inequities of traditional marriage provided an opportunity for a sober second thought about expanding women’s rights. In a novel development, women opposed to political rights mobilized to challenge the idea that women desired the vote as an element of their self-governance.
Unresolved Questions
Authors: Butler Leslie
Published: October 2023

The last chapter tracks the rise of democratic doubt in the last decades of the nineteenth century. Across various modes of public symposia and in novels, Americans increasingly gave voice to skepticism about popular government, universal suffrage, and women’s desire for the ballot. In the works of a professionalizing political science, democracy became something narrower than it had been in discussions that emphasized educative self-government. Activists began to rethink the high ideals they had articulated decades earlier, embracing a less inclusive, less thoroughgoing, and less consistent vision of political participation. The ebbing of democratic enthusiasm was most clearly manifest in the effective disfranchisement of Black men and the persistent vulnerability of Black households, themes Frances Ellen Watkins Harper took up regularly in the 1890s.
Space, Place, and Queerness
Authors: Onuora Adwoa , Spence Nadeen
Published: October 2023

As queer students demand visibility at The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, they are seen by some members of the university community as an affront to the heteropatriarchal gender order. The brand of masculinity sanctioned in leadership spaces, particularly in halls of residence, is one that is antithetical to queerness. This has resulted in a systemic zoning of queerness on campus, a zoning that is most pronounced in student leadership and in traditional halls of residences. This chapter examines the rules surrounding the queering of residential and co-curricular spaces at The UWI Mona. It does so through analysis of the narratives of students and student leaders on campus who are navigating the antiqueer landscape.
Racism, Heteronormativity, and Educational Assemblage in Germany
Authors: Varela María do Mar Castro , Bayramoğlu Yener
Published: October 2023

Taking queer of color and queer migrant experiences in Germany “outside in the teaching machine” as a point of departure, this chapter focuses on education as a formative phase within queers’ life courses. Schools have been shown to be not only hetero- and cis-normative places, rife with discrimination against homosexual and trans, intersex, and nonbinary students, but also racist institutions. Drawing on interviews carried out as part of an international research project on LGBTQI+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and further non-heteronormative identities) life course inequalities, the chapter synthesizes a queer of color critique: enriching a life course approach with an assemblage perspective in its analysis. This allows an observation of how educational institutions shape sexualized and racialized subjects through specific practices of shaming and sustained epistemic violence. These practices consequentially produce fragmented citizens, who learn to resist being part of a society that persistently shames them and excludes them from knowledge.
Navigating Personal and Professional Identities in the Higher Education Workplace
Authors: McGill Craig M. , Rocco Tonette S. , Collins Joshua C. , Bowman Lorenzo , Githens Rod P. , Hutchins Holly M. , Victoria Nathan , Carliner Saul , Vega Gisela P. , Gedro Julie , Nechodomu Thomas
Published: October 2023

Professional identity is the amalgamation of life histories and experiences, education and training, personal dispositions, mental and physical well-being, and attitude toward work. Our sense of ourselves shapes the work that we do and vice versa. Yet, societal scripts dictate nondominant workers compartmentalize their identities and leave personal identity at home. Despite constituting a significant portion of the workforce, the workplace experiences of sexual minorities have been underexamined. Sexual minorities are vigilant at work, managing their personal identity to prevent or lessen backlash to their professional identity. Thus, using facilitated autoethnography, along with a queer theory perspective, this chapter examines the experiences of lesbian and gay professionals in higher education managing their intersecting personal and professional identities. Identifying as LGBTQ and working in higher education presents a distinctive experience of performance and commodification. Employees are aware their behavior can influence the perceptions of others. Behavior or image that confirms sexual minority status can have implications for employment.
Shifting the Gaze
Authors: Dénommé-Welch Spy , Mizzi Robert C.
Published: October 2023

This chapter investigates the various ways in which the colonial structures of Indian residential schools have been used to disrupt and control Indigenous (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) identity and expression. By drawing on decolonial queer theory and examining a series of archival photographs taken at Indian residential schools, the research unpacks some of the implications of colonialism as a process once used to impose heteronormative ideals that uphold a rigid sex-gender system. The findings point toward three themes in the analysis: structure and land as cultural hegemony, gender binary dominance, and refusal and resistance. The chapter recommends decolonial queer studies to include exploration of how physical spaces and placement of bodies enact and uphold cisgender heteronormative ideologies.
Queering School Sport and Physical Education
Authors: Pringle Richard , Landi Dillon
Published: October 2023

Critical researchers have typically examined school sport and physical education (PE) via the notion that they are heteronormative and homophobic spaces. This chapter, in contrast, contends that school sport and PE spaces are always already queer and aims to promote alternative, more optimistic ways of understanding these complex spaces. The chapter begins by providing a brief historical sketch of the linkages between sport, bodies, genders, sex, and sexualities. It then critically reviews international research that has examined sexuality issues within school sport and PE to highlight approaches that offer hope for thinking and performing differently within these spaces. Drawing from interview data from a queer university student, who reflects on his high school experiences within sport and PE, the chapter then presents a narrative to illustrate how desires can disrupt and transform allegedly heteronormative spaces. Finally, the chapter suggests that it is the seemingly normative gender/sexuality framework that ultimately needs to be challenged if individuals are to “free” themselves of identity dilemmas.
Queer Screen Pedagogies
Authors: Cover Rob
Published: October 2023

This chapter presents findings from an Australian study on gender- and sexually diverse representation in film and television texts, the creative practices as understood by key production stakeholders, and the utilization of these texts by young Australian audiences. Study participants raised the idea that media texts were more “educational” than other forms of education in more formal settings, such as schools and factual information resources. From a queer theory perspective, understanding the ways in which media processes position audiences in a pedagogical mode lends insight on contemporary practices of the role of education in the performativity of gender- and sexually diverse subjectivity. This chapter reports on three key findings related to screen media pedagogies: (1) production stakeholders’ perception of their role as “educators,” (2) audience members’ understandings of the encounter with LGBTQ+ screen media texts as instances of education, and (3) the relationship between local representation, parasocial interaction, and educational role modeling.
Trans Children in Primary Schools
Authors: Neary Aoife
Published: October 2023

This chapter brings together queer theories of time and emotion to think through parents’ accounts of how their trans and gender-diverse children are navigating their everyday lives. The accounts drawn on in this chapter arise from a qualitative study conducted in partnership with the Transgender Equality Network of Ireland (TENI). Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 parents of trans and gender-diverse children (ages 5–13) and six educators in primary schools. The chapter explores how parents became affectively invested in linear temporal paths to gender normativity while simultaneously being reflexively aware of the cruelty of their own fantasies and the fluidity of gender expression. These parents’ accounts yielded a discussion of the ways in which happiness is bound up with gender normativity and what the concept of “happenstance,” instead of “happiness,” might offer for thinking anew about gender, childhood, and education.