bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Too Good to Be True? A Comment on Hall and Krueger’s Analysis of the Labor Market for Uber’s Driver-Partners
Authors: Berg Janine , Johnston Hannah
Published: October 2018

In their comment on the article on Uber driver-partners by Jonathan Hall and Alan Krueger, the authors analyze the article’s methodological problems, including sample bias, leading questions, selective reporting of findings, and an overestimation of driver earnings, which do not account for the full range of job-related expenses and is based on outdated data. The authors also argue that Hall and Krueger make unsubstantiated claims that extend beyond the scope of their research and ignore a rapidly growing literature that is critical of the Uber model as well as the broader for-hire vehicle industry in which Uber operates. As policymakers grapple with how to respond to transport network companies, the authors argue that a fuller understanding of the costs and benefits of services such as Uber is critical for making informed policies.
BMI Trajectories in Adulthood: The Intersection of Skin Color, Gender, and Age among African Americans
Authors: Hargrove Taylor W.
Published: October 2018

This study addresses three research questions critical to understanding if and how skin color shapes health among African Americans: (1) Does skin color predict trajectories of body mass index (BMI) among African Americans across ages 32 to 55? (2) To what extent is this relationship contingent on gender? (3) Do sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors explain the skin color–BMI relationship? Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study and growth curve models, results indicate that dark-skinned women have the highest BMI across adulthood compared to all other skin color–gender groups. BMI differences between dark- and lighter-skinned women remain stable from ages 32 to 55. Among men, a BMI disadvantage emerges and widens between light- and dark-skinned men and their medium-skinned counterparts. Observed sociodemographic characteristics, stressors, and health behaviors do not explain these associations. Overall, findings suggest that skin color– and gender-specific experiences likely play an important role in generating BMI inequality.
Trauma-Informed Care and Posttraumatic Growth Among Bereaved Youth: A Pilot Study
Authors: McClatchey Irene S.
Published: October 2018

Although a fair amount has been written about posttraumatic stress disorder among bereaved children and adolescents, less has been written about posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its predictors among this population. This study examines predictors of PTG and the impact of trauma-informed care on PTG among bereaved youth. A preexperimental, pretest–posttest design was applied to measure PTG among bereaved children ( N = 32) before and after attending a healing camp that provides trauma-informed care. A regression model was applied to examine predictors of PTG. Results showed that children participating in the camp increased their PTG scores to a statistically significant degree. Circumstance of death (sudden or expected) was a predictor in this study. The results are discussed in relation to limitations, implications for future research, and practice.
Visual Impairment Was Related to Educational Level but Not to Cognitive Performance Among Adults in Their 60s
Authors: Bazzazi Nooshin , Ahmadpanah Mohammad , Moradi Niloofar , Haghighi Mohammad , Moradi Abbas , Ghiasian Masoud , Brand Serge
Published: October 2018

Background

Older people are at greater risk of both physical impairments and cognitive decline. Although previous studies have examined whether visual and cognitive impairments are associated, findings have been mixed with cognitive performance only crudely assessed. Nonetheless, it remains possible that this association becomes stronger with age. Accordingly, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that older people with visual impairments have poorer cognitive performance than healthy controls. To this end, we employed validated tools to assess both visual-related and visual-unrelated cognitive skills.

Methods

A total of 30 older adults (mean age: M = 63.98 years, 30% females) with poor vision (logMAR value 1.0 or higher) and 30 gender- and age-matched healthy controls with no visual impairments (logMAR value 0.2 or lower) took part in this cross-sectional study. After a careful medical and psychiatric examination, participants underwent thorough cognitive testing for working and long-term memory and attention.

Results

Cognitive performance did not differ between those with and without visual impairments, though better cognitive performance scores were associated with higher educational level.

Conclusions

Among older people, visual impairment was unrelated to cognitive performance. Rather, cognitive function was related to level of education.
The sociology of religious orders and congregations
Authors: Goddijn H.P.M.
Published: October 2018

La littérature sociologique relative aux ordres et aux congrégations est très pauvre. On trouve quelques notations à ce sujet chez M. Weber, E. Troeltsch et G. Mensching. Parmi les auteurs modernes, il faut citer: G. Gundlach, E. Francis et A. Blazovitch. Dans une esquisse historique, l'auteur souligne la dif-férentiation sociale des groupes religieux à l'intérieur de l'Eglise catholique. La structure interne des différents types d'ordres et de congrégations religieuses est décrite, ainsi que leur relation avec la vie sociale. L'auteur consacre une attention spéciale aux problèmes d'adaptation à la société en évolution qui se posent aux ordres et aux congrégations. Enfin, il décrit le développement, aux Pays-Bas, des ordres et des congrégations d'hommes et de femmes, en signalant les problèmes de recrutement qui s'y posent.
Analysing the changes of employment subcentres: A comparison study of Houston and Dallas
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Pan Qisheng , King Lester , Jin Zhonghua
Published: October 2018

There is only a sparse empirical literature that examines the emergence and growth of employment centres in large metropolitan areas. And only a few of the available studies analyse the determinants of the growth of centre(s) (and subcentres) over time. There are even fewer studies that compare different metropolitan regions in terms of how their employment centres grow or decay over several decades. This research aims to fill the gap by exploring changes in employment centres for two decades in two large US metropolitan areas of comparable size– Houston and Dallas. It employs 1990 and 2000 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) data and American Community Survey (ACS) 2006–2010 5-year estimates to test factors suggested in the literature as possibly affecting the emergence and growth of employment centres. A revised two-stage minimum cut-off point approach is utilised to identify employment centres. We adopt an OLS model to find the driving forces for job changes in the employment centres of Houston and Dallas. A step-wise regression method is also adopted to find the major contributors to observed changes in job centres. Based on the results, it is possible to identify job changes and also a better understanding of the major factors associated with the changes. The findings are conceivably valuable for urban planners and policy makers to help them understand trends and allocate resources in an informed manner.
The influence of self-reported childhood sexual abuse on psychological and behavioural risks in young adults at a university in Botswana
Authors: Phillip Onalenna , Amone-P’Olak Kennedy
Published: October 2018

Globally, childhood sexual abuse is a public health problem that affects millions of people. Few studies have considered its long-term ramifications, especially among young adults in developing countries. This study assessed the influence of childhood sexual abuse on depression and behaviours in young adults. Data were obtained from 362 students enrolled at a university in Botswana (Age: M = 21.40, standard deviation = 2.48) using the Childhood Sexual Abuse Scale, the 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory–II, Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The t test and chi-square test of independence were used to assess subgroup differences and regression analyses were used to assess the extent to which childhood sexual abuse predicted depression and risky behaviours. About 25% ( n = 90) reported childhood sexual abuse, 18% reported harmful alcohol use ( n = 66, 18.2%), 7.82% ( n = 28) reported severe depression, and 24% ( n = 101) reported failure to use contraceptives. Childhood sexual abuse significantly predicted depression and all the behavioural outcomes in the study. The effect sizes of the associations between childhood sexual abuse on the one hand and mental health and behavioural outcomes on the other were modest. Consequently, the current study is a precursor to further studies on the long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse in Botswana. Consequently, a history of childhood sexual abuse should be considered in planning interventions to mitigate depression and behavioural problems on university campuses.
Posterior Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (PITH)
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Todd Cameron A. , Riley Charles A.
Published: October 2018

Hypertrophy of the soft tissue of the posterior inferior turbinate (PITH) may be observed during nasal endoscopy, although the clinical significance is not understood. We report a cross‐sectional study of consecutive new patients undergoing baseline nasal endoscopy in a tertiary rhinology clinic. Subjects completed 22‐Item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaires. Of 391 subjects screened, PITH was present in 62 (15.9%), with a female predominance. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis was comparable between PITH and non‐PITH groups. Nonpurulent exudate flowing from the posterior inferior turbinate into the nasopharynx was more prevalent in association with PITH (83.9% vs 14.3%, P <. 001). Mean SNOT‐22 scores and NOSE scores were not significantly different between PITH and non‐PITH groups. This preliminary study suggests that PITH is a common physical finding with unclear etiology and should be the subject of further investigation.
Exploring Ethnic and Generational Differences in Gender Role Attitudes among Immigrant Populations in Britain: The Role of Neighborhood Ethnic Composition
Authors: Wang Senhu , Coulter Rory
Published: October 2018

Divergent gender role attitudes among ethnic groups in Britain are thought to contribute to ethnic disparities in many socio-economic domains. Using nationally representative data (2010–2011), we investigate how ethnic minority gender role attitudes vary across generations and with neighborhood ethnic composition. The results show that while Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Indians, and Black Africans have more traditional attitudes than Black Caribbeans, the attitudes of the former groups are more traditional in the first than in the second generation. We also find that the gender role attitudes of Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, and Indians become more traditional as the local share of co-ethnic neighbors increases or the share of White British residents decreases. Importantly, these patterns are more pronounced for second-generation Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, whose gender role attitudes are more sensitive to variations in neighborhood ethnic composition than are those of the first generation. Taken together, these findings indicate that migration researchers must conceptualize and study how immigrants’ cultural values are heterogeneous, fluid, and dynamic characteristics that can vary spatially across host societies.
A new method to determine varying adsorbed density based on Gibbs isotherm of supercritical gas adsorption
Authors: Cai Hailiang , Li Peichao , Ge Zhixin , Xian Yuxi , Lu Detang
Published: October 2018

In the calculation of the absolute adsorption of supercritical gas adsorbed on the microporous materials, most existing methods regard the adsorbed density as a constant, which is very unreasonable. In this study, an extended pressure point method combined with Langmuir adsorption model is proposed in which the varying adsorbed density under different pressures is considered at the same time. The utility of the proposed method to correlate accurately the experimental data for supercritical gas adsorption system is demonstrated by high-pressure methane adsorption measurements on two groups of shale samples. Taking advantage of the proposed method, we can obtain the adsorbed density and the adsorbed volume corresponding to different pressures. Compared with the conventional methods under the assumption of fixed and parameterized adsorbed density, the proposed method yields better fitting results with the experimental data. Our work should provide important fundamental understandings and insights into the supercritical gas adsorption system.
The urban resource nexus: On the politics of relationality, water–energy infrastructure and the fallacy of integration
Authors: Williams Joe , Bouzarovski Stefan , Swyngedouw Erik
Published: October 2018

The ‘resource nexus’ has emerged over the past decade as an important new paradigm of environmental governance, which emphasises the interconnections, tensions and synergies between sectors that have traditionally been managed separately. Nexus thinking presents itself as a radically new approach to integrated governance in response to interconnected socio-environmental challenges and constraints. This paper provides a critical review of nexus thinking. The nexus paradigm, we contend, is part of a broader trend towards integrated environmental governance where previously externalised ‘bad’ nature is increasingly internalised by capital. In general, the nexus discourse has become techno-managerial in style, linear in its analysis and reductionist in its recommendations. Focussing particularly on urban water and energy infrastructure as important political sites in the (re)configuration of resource connectivities, we advance two principal arguments. Firstly, that the current nexus thinking inadequately conceptualises the scalar politics of interconnections between resource sectors. Secondly, we challenge the currently pervasive focus on technological and institutional ‘solutions’, efficiency-oriented ecological modernist vision and the presentation of ‘integration’ as a panacea for unsustainable resource practices.
Bending tests for the structural safety assessment of space truss members
Authors: Bonopera Marco , Chang Kuo-Chun , Chen Chun-Chung , Lin Tzu-Kang , Tullini Nerio
Published: October 2018

This article compares two nondestructive static methods used for the axial load assessment in prismatic beam-columns of space trusses. Examples include the struts and ties or the tension chords and diagonal braces of steel pipe racks or roof trusses. The first method requires knowledge of the beam-column’s flexural rigidity under investigation, whereas the second requires knowledge of the corresponding Euler buckling load. In both procedures, short-term flexural displacements must be measured at the given cross sections along the beam-column under examination and subjected to an additional transverse load. The proposed methods were verified by numerical and laboratory tests on beams of a small-scale space truss prototype made from aluminum alloy and rigid connections. In general, if the higher second-order effects are induced during testing and the corresponding total displacements are accurately measured, it would be easy to obtain tensile and compressive force estimations.
Are Federal Child Care Programs Sufficient for Employee Retention? Critical Examination From a Gendered Perspective
Authors: Chordiya Rashmi
Published: October 2018

The federal government utilizes diversity management and inclusive organizational practices as principal strategies to achieve higher retention of diverse employees. Child care programs are one of the most important diversity management initiatives to enhance employees’ work–life balance and achieve higher retention. However, existing literature suggests that due to gender norms, child care responsibilities and child care programs have different implications for mothers-in-workforce as compared with fathers-in-workforce. Therefore, using 2010 to 2015 federal agency-level longitudinal panel analysis, this study, focuses on a gender-based examination of the effect of satisfaction with child care programs on the retention of male and female federal employees. Also examined is the moderating effect of organizational inclusion on the relationship between satisfaction with child care programs and employee retention. Findings suggest that structural provisions such as satisfactory child care programs are not adequate in enhancing retention of either male or female employees. Satisfaction with child care programs is less likely to increase retention of female employees than male employees. However, as compared with male employees, female employees are more likely to be retained when satisfactory child care programs are combined with inclusive organizational practices. The article discusses implications of these findings for public strategic human resources management, diversity management and inclusion practices, and gender equity.
The Nature of Learning Climate in Public Administration: A Cross-Sectorial Examination of Its Relationship With Employee Job Involvement, Proactivity, and Creativity
Authors: Eldor Liat , Harpaz Itzhak
Published: October 2018

To study the relation of learning climate in public organizations to desired employee performance in this sector, namely proactivity and creativity, we engaged a sample of 227 public-sector employees, 295 business-sector employees, and their supervisors, from an array of public and business organizations in Israel. The hypothesized relation was examined as a moderated mediation model where employment sector (public vs. business) moderated the indirect relation of learning climate to employee proactivity and creativity (through job involvement). Results were consistent with our theoretical model: Learning climate in the public-sector workplace was positively associated with employee job involvement, proactivity, and creativity. The indirect relation of learning climate to employee proactivity and creativity (through job involvement) was moderated by employment sector (public vs. business). We conclude that learning climate is meaningful for public administration theory and practice and deserves dedicated sectorial research as it is an important tool to foster employee performance, tapping into present challenges before the public sector.
Novel abdominal approach for dissection of advanced type II/III adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: a new surgical option
Authors: Hu Can , Zhu Hao-te , Xu Zhi-yuan , Yu Jian-fa , Du Yi-an , Huang Ling , Yu Peng-fei , Wang Li-jing , Cheng Xiang-dong
Published: October 2018

Objective

The optimal surgical approach for Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of total gastrectomy for Siewert type II/III AEG via the left thoracic surgical approach that is used at our center.

Methods

We identified 41 patients with advanced AEG in our retrospective database and analyzed their 3-year survival rate, upper surgical margin, postoperative complications, and index of estimated benefit from lymph node dissection.

Results

The 3-year overall survival rate of the whole group was 63%, but no difference was observed between Siewert type II and III AEGs. Esophageal exposure and lymphadenectomy were sufficient. Eight patients developed postoperative complications, but none of the patients developed anastomotic leakage. Dissection of lymph node station Nos. 19 and 110 may be necessary for patients with Siewert type II AEG. Multivariate analysis revealed that the cT category was the only independent risk factor.

Conclusions

Total gastrectomy via an approach from the abdominal cavity into the thoracic cavity may be an optimal surgical technique for advanced Siewert type II AEG.
Financial leverage and competitive strategy of cross-listing firms
Authors: Yang Chi-Lin , Chiang Min-Hsien , Chen Chien-Wei
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the relationship between financial leverage and competitive strategies based on the investigation into the cross-listing announcements, through which the financial condition of a firm might shape the competition outcome. The empirical evidence shows that cross-listing announcements normally attract positive market responses to cross-listed firms but incur negative market responses to rival firms, especially upon the strategic substitutes competition. Cross-listed firms obtain more positive market responses if their financial leverage is lower, but the firms have no advantages when they are financially constrained. Less leveraged rival firms could weaken the negative impact and even gain positive market responses upon the strategic complements competition.

JEL classification: G14, G32, M16
Cerebral autoregulation in migraine with aura: A case control study
Authors: Gollion Cédric , Nasr Nathalie , Fabre Nelly , Barège Michèle , Kermorgant Marc , Marquine Laurent , Larrue Vincent
Published: October 2018

Background

Migraine with aura is independently associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, especially in younger subjects. This association might be related to an impairment of cerebral autoregulation, which normally maintains cerebral blood flow independent of arterial blood pressure variations.

Methods

Patients aged 30–55, fulfilling ICHD-3 beta criteria for migraine with aura, were prospectively enrolled and compared with gender- and age-matched healthy controls without a history of migraine. Patients and controls with a history of stroke or any disease potentially impairing cerebral autoregulation were excluded. We assessed cerebral autoregulation with two different methods: Transfer function analysis, and the correlation coefficient index Mx. The transfer function phase and gain reflect responses of cerebral blood flow velocities to relatively fast fluctuations of arterial blood pressure, whereas Mx also reflects responses to slower arterial blood pressure fluctuations.

Results

A total of 22 migraine with aura patients (median age [IQR]: 39.5 [12.5] years) and 22 controls (39 [9.75] years) were included. Transfer function parameters and Mx were not different between patients and controls. However, Mx was inversely correlated with age in patients (ρ = −0.567, p = 0.006) and not in controls (ρ = −0.084, p = 0.509). Mx was also inversely correlated with migraine with aura duration (ρ = −0.617, p = 0.002), suggesting improvement of cerebral autoregulation efficiency with disease duration.

Conclusions

Cerebral autoregulation did not differ between patients and controls aged 30–55. However, cerebral autoregulation efficiency was strongly correlated with migraine with aura duration. Further studies in younger patients are needed to determine whether cerebral autoregulation is impaired early in the course of disease.

Trial Registration

NCT02708797.
Dimensionality Reduction to Reveal Urban Truck Driver Activity Patterns
Authors: Lu Fangping , Zhao Fang , Cheah Lynette
Published: October 2018

This paper studies the activity profiles of truck drivers in urban areas. Finding repeating dynamical patterns is important in understanding freight behaviors, and aids freight-friendly planning. In the digital age, data on truck drivers is becoming more available with heterogeneous demographic and work profiles. By synthesizing such pervasive data and applying machine learning concepts, this paper proposes to identify signature travel activity patterns via dimensionality reduction. Based on driver survey data, truck drivers’ behaviors are represented as longitudinal activity sequences. Dimensionality reduction and activity reconstruction via principal components analysis (PCA), logistic PCA, and autoencoder were conducted to reveal fundamental activity features and approximate the underlying data-generating function. In the driver survey dataset, 243 truck drivers in Singapore reported their daily activities for 1,099 weekdays. This study found that PCA produced the most faithful reconstruction of drivers’ activities. When projecting the input data down from 2,592 to 82 dimensions, PCA explained 77% of variances with a reconstruction error of 0.99%. Logistic PCA is a useful extension of PCA to study the pattern of a single activity. It captures the variation of infrequent activities such as truck queuing, which PCA fails to reconstruct. Autoencoder was found to be more powerful than PCA in reconstructing activities – with 1% of original dimensions, it reconstructed the activities with an error rate of 1.24%. Moreover, when implemented as a variational autoencoder, autoencoder generated realistic-looking samples of driver activities. The top three most distinctive activity patterns of Singapore truck drivers are reported using PCA.
Time Allocation Behavior of Twentieth-Century American Generations: GI Generation, Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials
Authors: Enam Annesha , Konduri Karthik C.
Published: October 2018

In recent years, time engagement behaviors of two generations, namely Baby Boomers and Millennials have sparked much interest because these generations constitute the bulk of the American population today and they also exhibit “atypical” activity–travel patterns compared with other generations. The objective of the current research is to conduct a systematic study of the time engagement behaviors of five American generations: the GI Generation (birth year: 1901–1924), the Silent Generation (birth year: 1925–1943), Baby Boomers (birth year: 1944–1964), Generation X (birth year: 1965–1981), and Millennials (birth year: 1982–2000). Particularly, the study aims at isolating heterogeneity in behaviors associated with structural changes in the society from those associated with inherent generational characteristics. Using data from four waves (1965, 1985, 2005, and 2012) of the American Heritage and Time Use Study, the analysis explores the time engagement behaviors while accounting for the age, period, and cohort effects in addition to different socioeconomic and demographic variables. The analysis reveals that Millennials have generally delayed participation in life-changing events such as marriage and workforce entry, and have exhibited prolonged student status compared with previous generations. Millennials show lower participation in work and higher participation in discretionary activities compared with individuals of the same age group from previous generations. On the other hand, Baby Boomers clearly exhibited increased travel engagement compared with the previous generations at different stages of their lives.
Developing Dedicated Bus Lane Screening Criteria in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Vest Adam , McMahon Patrick J. , Cuellar Jesus
Published: October 2018

Despite the increasing number of dedicated bus lanes in various cities across the United States, no clear screening criteria or thresholds have emerged for determining appropriate locations for these dedicated facilities. The Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Transit Administration (MDOT MTA), in coordination with the Baltimore City Department of Transportation, conducted a detailed review of literature, selection of performance measures, and screening evaluation to identify candidate corridors for dedicated bus lanes and criteria to be used for future assessments. A national-level literature review and review of best practices was used to identify performance measures by which to assess the benefits and tradeoffs of installing dedicated bus lanes. As a result of this literature review and evaluation, design was undertaken on the selected corridor segments and implementation has started on the selected corridor segments. By the end of 2017 nearly 5.5 lane miles of dedicated bus lanes were in place, with 4.9 mi of full-time lanes with red paint (methyl methacrylate) and appropriate signing and markings, and 0.5 mi of peak-only lanes with signage and pavement markings but no paint. This effort was conducted in support of BaltimoreLink, MDOT MTA’s overhaul and rebranding of its core bus service, which included redesigning the entire local and express bus system throughout the Baltimore region in 2017.
Application of a Discontinuous Form of Macroscopic Gazis–Herman–Rothery Model to Steady-State Freeway Traffic Stream Observations
Authors: Ahmed Ishtiak , Williams Billy M. , Samandar M. Shoaib
Published: October 2018

In this study, a two-regime, steady-state, traffic stream model is developed by applying the macroscopic Gazis–Herman–Rothery model to fixed sensor data on freeways. The uncongested and congested regimes are modeled discontinuously with an overlap range defined in terms of density. The overlap is important as various phenomena related to the change in traffic state can be modeled by introducing this overlap. Two empirical tools for removing non-stationary, mixed-state, and erroneous observations are applied at different stages of the model development process. Three constraints justified by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) were applied to fit the model so that the fitted parameters have reasonable and physically interpretable values. The proposed model is applied to one year of data (2013) obtained from fixed sensors located at five freeway basic segments near Raleigh, North Carolina. The resulting fundamental diagrams show that the fitted models reasonably represent the steady-state observations. Two forms of the freeway flow model described in the HCM were applied to the same observations to provide a continuous model comparison. Two statistical performance measures, mean squared error of flow rate and Bayesian Information Criterion, verify that the proposed model is preferable to the HCM models both in terms of fit alone and when considering the tradeoff between fit and model complexity. It is expected that the proposed discontinuous steady-state model will be useful to researchers and practitioners to study various site-specific freeway traffic stream characteristics.
Evaluation of the Traffic Impacts of Mass Evacuation of Halifax: Flood Risk and Dynamic Traffic Microsimulation Modeling
Authors: Alam MD Jahedul , Habib Muhammad Ahsanul , Quigley Kevin , Webster Tim L.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of traffic impacts of a mass evacuation of the Halifax Peninsula under several flooding scenarios. Flood extent and associated damages to the transport network are identified through digital elevation modeling that intersects with the Halifax stream and transport networks. The resulting flood scenarios inform a traffic microsimulation model that uses a dynamic traffic assignment-based microsimulation approach and simulates the evacuation of 34,808 evacuees estimated from the Halifax Regional Transport Network Model. The simulation results suggest that flooding of the links by 7.9 m flood reduces alternative evacuation routes by 31.2%. It takes 15 hours to evacuate 83% of evacuees while the remaining 17% are not accommodated in the network due to reduced network capacity. The number of vehicles in the network has peaked at 13,000 in this flooding scenario. An evaluation of network performance reveals a sustained congestion prevailing from 4th to 7th hour of the evacuation. The novelty of this study is that it develops a comprehensive tool of flood risk and dynamic traffic microsimulation modeling to offer an in-depth evaluation of potential impacts during evacuation. The results will help emergency professionals in evacuation planning and making emergency decisions.
Sheila Ernst Memorial Lecture. Do we ever learn from history? The uses we make of memory
Authors: Einhorn Sue
Published: October 2018

As I have been exploring this topic for this event, I have become more and more resistant to it as I keep returning to the trauma of memory and the social/personal pressures to forget. To help myself I began reading poetry that invited me to stay with the pleasurable memories of first love or being lost in the beauty of nature or remembering coming home to a kitchen filled with the smell of baking and the pleasure of eating food that I loved. It worked for a moment but the word Memorial invaded and so did the question, do we ever learn from history?
Comparison of the impact damage resistance of non-hybrid and intra-ply hybrid carbon/E-glass/polypropylene non-crimp thermoplastic composites
Authors: Kaya Gaye
Published: October 2018

This study aims to compare the low-velocity impact and post-impact properties of intra-ply hybrid carbon/E-glass/polypropylene non-crimp thermoplastic composites with non-hybrid carbon/PP and E-glass/PP non-crimp thermoplastic composites. Impact test was performed at four energy levels as 15 J, 30 J, 45 J and 60 J. Post-impact properties of hybrid thermoplastic composites were tested by compression after impact method for each energy level to understand the impact damage tolerance of intra-ply hybrid carbon/E-glass/PP non-crimp thermoplastic composites. The effect of hybridization on energy absorption of composites was not significant, while C-scan results showed that the intra-ply hybrid non-crimp thermoplastic composites had smaller impact damage areas in comparison to the non-hybrid samples. Compression and compression after impact tests results confirmed that the intra-ply hybridization increased the toughness of the composite laminates. Also, the residual compression strength/modulus increased with hybridization which indicated to damage tolerance.
Can Better Emotion Regulation Protect Against Interpersonal Violence in Homeless Youth Social Networks?
Authors: Petering Robin , Barr Nicholas , Rice Eric
Published: October 2018

Homeless youth experience all types of violence at higher rates than their housed counterparts. This is typically the result of many contributing factors including childhood experiences of trauma, subsistence survival strategies, and exposure to perpetrators while living on the streets. Reducing violence in the lives of homeless youth is imperative and can contribute to a young person’s ability to safely and successfully exit the streets and lead a long and productive life in society. However, developing public health and social interventions to reduce violence in adolescent and young adult populations is difficult due to the complex interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of this phenomenon. Los Angeles area homeless youth ( N = 366) were asked questions regarding recent violence experiences, emotion regulation, and their social network. Multivariable logistic regressions tested the overall effect of emotion regulation on violence, controlling for age, gender, race, sexual identity, experience of childhood abuse, and data collection site. In this sample, 56% of youth endorsed fighting in the previous year, and those who reported more difficulties with emotion regulation were significantly more likely to fight. In addition, youth who scored below the mean on difficulties with regulation and belonged to networks characterized by low-difficulty peers were 60% less likely to report fighting. Emotion regulation skills represent a malleable target for intervention that may contribute to reduced propensity for violence in this population. Implications for network-based interventions to improve individual emotion regulation and reduce overall violence among homeless youth and other at-risk populations are discussed.
Public Stranger Violence—What Makes You Vulnerable?A Comparison of Perspectives From Young Adults and Industry Experts
Authors: Maxwell Lucy , Skues Jason , Wise Lisa , Theiler Stephen , Pfeifer Jeffery
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the situational and individual factors that influence vulnerability to public stranger violence (PSV) from the perspective of young adults and industry professionals. In total, 25 young adults aged between 18 and 29 years formed one sample and participated in one of four focus groups. The second sample consisted of 10 industry professionals with backgrounds in policing, corrections, and forensic psychology. Each professional participated in an individual semistructured interview. Both samples were asked questions regarding vulnerability and safety in public, where responses were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Multiple themes were identified and categorized into situational and individual factors associated with victimization. Situational factors referred to aspects of the environment that may influence vulnerability to PSV and included visibility, location, and level of support for potential victims. Individual factors referred to aspects about the person that may influence vulnerability to PSV and included unpredictability, ease of target, stereotypes, in-groups versus out-groups, distractions, and personality traits. Although both samples identified similar situational factors, young adults were found to be either unaware of individual factors identified by industry professionals as influencing vulnerability or at least misunderstood some of these factors. This is problematic as young adults may be basing their public behaviors on misinformation that may in fact increase, rather than decrease, vulnerability to PSV. The findings from this study have implications for the design of personal safety programs as well as community-based interventions to reduce vulnerability, the prevalence of PSV, and the negative outcomes associated with PSV, including anxiety and fear of crime.
The changing nature of enterprise: Addressing the challenge of Vesper and Gartner
Authors: Jones Colin , Penaluna Kathryn , Penaluna Andy , Matlay Harry
Published: October 2018

During the course of the past 30 years, a challenge made to entrepreneurship educators has gone unaddressed. While acknowledging that there has never been a more exciting time to be an enterprise educator, we suggest that there has also never been a more challenging time. On the one hand, the changing nature of employment landscapes globally is forcing a freelancer world on us all. In this new world, our students must increasingly be capable of developing an enterprising career, regardless of any additional start-up aspirations. Conversely, the legitimacy of our teaching practice remains challenged at a level slightly above the student–educator interface. These concerns tend to question our collective purpose and relevance. This article seeks to offer a holistic framework through which enterprise and entrepreneurship educators can act in greater unison. In doing so, it also aims to move us collectively on from the current focus of our scholarly writings to analyse more deeply how we promote and define our purpose and relevance as enterprise and entrepreneurship educators. Our observations inform us that the greater challenge lies not in finding a starting point for new ideas in enterprise education, but rather in engaging all key stakeholders and developing an inclusive scholarship of teaching. At a time when higher education stands accused of failing graduates, we offer leadership on addressing long-running challenges in our field of education.
On Traditions Shared by Rabbinic Literature and Slavonic Pseudepigrapha
Authors: Kulik Alexander
Published: October 2018

This article presents motifs shared exclusively by Slavonic minor pseudepigrapha and early rabbinic writings. It is suggested that these cases bear evidence of common early Jewish sources behind both rabbinic and East Christian traditions. This, it is argued, enables a much earlier dating of these rabbinic traditions (otherwise being dated to the period from the third to the twelfth centuries).
A smooth particle hydrodynamic model for two-dimensional numerical simulation of Ti–6Al–4V serrated chip deformation based on TANH constitutive law
Authors: Niu Weilong , Mo Rong , Sun Huibin , Gnanasekaran Balachander , Zhu Yihui , Liu GR
Published: October 2018

The saw-tooth chip formation is one of the main machining characteristics in cutting of titanium alloys. The numerical simulation of saw-tooth chip formation, however, is still not accurate, since most of these numerical simulation models are based on traditional finite element method, which have difficulties in handling extremely large deformation that always occurs in the cutting process. Furthermore, these models adopt the Johnson–Cook damage constitutive law that is implemented in commercial codes such as ABAQUS® and LS-DYNA® to describe the dynamic mechanical properties of material, but Johnson–Cook damage constitutive law cannot account for the material of behavior due to strain softening and the dynamic recrystallization mechanism that occurs in the cutting process of Ti–6Al–4. Therefore, this work introduces a material constitutive model named hyperbolic tangent (TANH) and an improved smooth particle hydrodynamics method, and then develops an improved cutting model for Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy through our in-house code to predict saw-tooth chip morphology and cutting forces. When compared to the experiments and Johnson–Cook damage model, the improved cutting model better explains and predicts the shear localized saw-tooth chip deformation as well as cutting forces.
Mapping of the electromagnetic environment on the railway: Condition monitoring of signalling assets
Authors: Knight-Percival Alexander , Johnson Christopher , Richards Benjamin , Palmer Scott , Bowring Nicholas
Published: October 2018

Conventional track circuit condition monitoring systems are fixed at the wayside, with each installation reporting on a single track circuit. In this work, we present a custom-built, sensitive, magnetic field detection system, which can be fitted to the underside of a rail vehicle. With this system installed, some characteristics of an operating track circuit can be monitored from the vehicle whilst it is in motion. By using appropriate analysis techniques, it is possible to identify the signatures of equipment relating to audio frequency track circuits, the topic of this work. Analysing the signatures of track circuit equipment demonstrated that there were clear differences between track circuit assets. By building on other research into the behaviours of failing track circuits, and continuing to conduct this research, the authors believe that it is possible, and beneficial, to perform condition monitoring of track circuits from low-cost equipment mounted on the train. Coupling this with advanced analysis techniques will allow predictive maintenance of track circuits with very little capital outlay.
Exploring stance in the manifestos of 3 candidates for the Hong Kong Chief Executive election 2017: Combining CDA and corpus-like insights
Authors: Yan Eureka Ho Sin , Crosthwaite Peter
Published: October 2018

While much work has been done on the textual analysis of political discourses in Western countries, relatively little has focused on electoral manifestos in the East. Manifestos are open extensive declarations of individual ideologies for campaigns, comprising small texts in terms of word count but with massive implications for voters’ perception of the candidates’ political leanings. Focusing on the manifestos produced by the three candidates for the Hong Kong Chief Executive Election 2017, this article compares the linguistic features of the written political evaluative stances of the candidates. Combining critical discourse analysis using the APPRAISAL model, with analyses traditionally associated with corpus linguistics including log-likelihood keyword analysis and statistically driven visualisations, we find clear differences between the candidates in terms of the allocation of evaluative resources in their manifestos, representative of the perceived evaluative stance of candidate. Our findings justify the use of corpus linguistic techniques as a complement to critical discourse analysis, even in data with small word counts (<5000), in situations where nuanced, micro-managed selection of language resources is crucial to the perception of stance in very high-stakes contexts.
Application of biomass fraction at industrial waste incinerator
Authors: Kang Seongmin , Kim Seungjin , Song Garam , Kim Ki-Hyun , Jeon Eui-Chan
Published: October 2018

The factor required for estimating greenhouse gas emission, i.e. the fossil carbon fraction, excludes the biomass fraction of incinerated waste and can be applied as a major factor in estimating greenhouse gas emissions. In Korea, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted from waste incineration facilities is calculated by using a solid waste incinerated amount default values (biomass fraction, content of dry matter, etc.) provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang (IPCC). However, this method cannot reflect the characteristics of Korea. This method is likely to overestimate or underestimate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to investigate the difference in emissions between the actual values of the biomass content based on the exhaust gas standard and the IPCC defaults applied in the calculation of the national emissions. The comparative result indicates that the amount of greenhouse gas emissions calculated using the solid waste composition method is 70.71 tons CO2/day and using the flue gas analysis is 56.92 tons CO2/day. This verifies that the former method overestimates the amount of greenhouse gas emissions compared with the latter method. The difference is caused by applying both factors in estimating greenhouse gas emissions and the basic values provided in the IPCC guideline. In addition, although the IPCC reported 10% of biomass content, it is 41.06% as a result of actual analysis, and hence, it is considered that there will be a difference depending on the biomass content. Thus, to increase the reliability of the calculated greenhouse gas emissions, these should be estimated by considering national characteristics.
From resisting neoliberalism to neoliberalizing resistance
Authors: Arfken Michael
Published: October 2018

For theoretical and philosophical psychologists exploring the nature of human thought, recent interest in neoliberalism provides fertile ground for interrogating a wide range of issues that emerge at the intersection of political, economic, and psychological theory. This article reviews the various contributions to this special issue on neoliberalism and psychological theory. In addition to investigating the role that psychological theory can play in illuminating various aspects of neoliberal theory and practice, this review also explores the way that critique functions within a neoliberal context.