bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation Science Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Douglas Natalie F. , Feuerstein Julie L. , Oshita Jennifer Y. , Schliep Megan E. , Danowski Margaret L.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to complete a scoping review of implementation science (IS) research in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) over time and to determine characteristics of IS research in CSD.

Method:

A scoping review was conducted of PubMed and Education Resources Information Center for sources published in English that (a) included CSD practitioners, (b) addressed IS research, and (c) identified a specific evidence-based practice. Resulting sources were systematically examined for study aim, patient populations, implementation framework utilized, setting of the study, implementation strategy examined, and implementation outcome measured.

Results:

The majority of the 82 studies that underwent a full-text review (80.5%) were published in 2014 or later. One fourth of the studies were concept papers, and another one fourth focused on context assessment (25.6% of studies, each), 11% focused on designing implementation strategies, and 36.6% focused on testing implementation strategies. The patient population most frequently represented aphasia (21.3%), and most studies (34.4%) were conducted in inpatient medical settings. Nearly half (42.6%) of the nonconcept studies lacked an IS framework. Among implementation strategies identified, approximately one third of studies focused on education and/or training plus another strategy and one fourth focused on education and/or training alone. Implementation outcomes measured typically represented early stages of implementation.

Conclusions:

This scoping review of IS research in CSD described the landscape of IS studies in CSD. IS is intersecting with CSD at a rapid rate, especially since 2014. Future IS research in CSD should adopt an implementation framework a priori and consider the broad range of implementation strategies and outcomes to support the uptake of research into typical practice settings.
Network anomaly detection using deep learning techniques
Authors: Hooshmand Mohammad Kazim , Hosahalli Doreswamy
Published: February 2022

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the specific architecture of feed‐forward artificial neural networks. It is the de‐facto standard for various operations in machine learning and computer vision. To transform this performance towards the task of network anomaly detection in cyber‐security, this study proposes a model using one‐dimensional CNN architecture. The authors' approach divides network traffic data into transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), and OTHER protocol categories in the first phase, then each category is treated independently. Before training the model, feature selection is performed using the Chi‐square technique, and then, over‐sampling is conducted using the synthetic minority over‐sampling technique to tackle a class imbalance problem. The authors' method yields the weighted average f‐score 0.85, 0.97, 0.86, and 0.78 for TCP, UDP, OTHER, and ALL categories, respectively. The model is tested on the UNSW‐NB15 dataset.
Triggered finite‐time consensus of first‐order multi‐agent systems with input saturation
Authors: Zheng Kanghua , Fan Huijin , Liu Lei , Cheng Zhongtao
Published: February 2022

Input saturation, which brings input non‐linearity to systems and limits the closed‐loop systems' performances severely, is an ubiquitous problem in practice. Here, triggered finite‐time consensus problem of disturbed leader‐follower multi‐agent systems is addressed under input saturation constraint. To overcome the coupling of the non‐linearity and finite‐time convergence together with input saturation, non‐linear triggered control protocol has been proposed, which is confirmed through a two‐step stabilization procedure. First, the saturated closed‐loop system is designed to be asymptotically stable, under which the systems converge into a desaturated region in finite time. Then in the second step, with the proposed control protocol, the desaturated closed‐loop multi‐agent systems can achieve practical finite‐time consensus. In addition, to get rid of continuous communication in the monitoring of event‐triggered condition, a self‐triggered approach is further proposed. With rigorous analyses, practical finite‐time consensus can be achieved for the overall closed‐loop systems and Zeno behavior is also excluded. Simulations are carried out in detail to illustrate the theoretical results in this study.
High‐gain and low‐cost circularly polarized antenna array for 5G MMW applications
Authors: Xiao Jun , Li Hongmei , Luo Delin , Jin Hui , Ding Tongyu , Ye Qiubo
Published: February 2022

A high‐gain, low‐cost empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW)‐fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna array is demonstrated for millimetre‐wave 5G applications in this letter. The ESIW is formed by metallized FR4 printed circuit boards. By stacking the metallic aluminium z‐shaped radiating slots atop the ESIW feeding network, CP radiation is achieved. The proposed 1 × 8 antenna array offers a high measured gain of 17.8 dBic and high measured radiation efficiency of 89.1%. The measured impedance bandwidth for |S11| ≤ −10 dB and measured axial ratio (AR) bandwidth for AR ≤ 3 of the proposed 1 × 8 array are 11.4% (36.5–40.9 GHz) and 7.8% (37–40 GHz), respectively.
On the design of an optimal coherent multistatic radar network configuration
Authors: Berry Paul Edward , Dahal Nabaraj , Venkataraman Krishna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of operating a radar system multistatically is to acquire information about targets of interest more quickly and reliably than would be possible using disparate radars, which fuse data and track post‐detection. This paper identifies and addresses the critical issues for designing a coherent multistatic radar system using conventional coherent radars and proposes a set of design principles for configuring a coherent multistatic radar network with the aim of maximising the utility of information while constraining system cost and complexity. The issues discussed are as follows: the localisation of targets in three dimensions; eliminating the inevitable spatial ambiguities arising from sparse spatial sampling while exploiting the large aperture for high resolution; the achievement of spatial coherent processing gain for target detection; the effect of phase centre localisation, phase and frequency errors on synchronisation; the incorporation of three‐dimensional Doppler estimation for slow‐time coherent integration. The arguments presented are physically‐based and complemented by mathematical analysis and numerical experimentation using non‐linear sparse estimation, the sparse algorithm being critically important for resolving spatial ambiguities. An optimal configuration is identified, which has sufficiently many nodes to overcome spatial ambiguities and achieves significant spatial coherent processing gain, while simultaneously constraining the overheads of inter‐node synchronisation and communication.
Central engine of the highest redshift blazar
Authors: Belladitta S. , Caccianiga A. , Diana A. , Moretti A. , Severgnini P. , Pedani M. , Cassarà L. P. , Spingola C. , Ighina L. , Rossi A. , Della Ceca R.
Published: February 2022

We present the results of a new LUCI/Large Binocular Telescope near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic observation of PSO J030947.49+271757.31 (hereafter PSO J0309+27), the highest redshift blazar known to date (z ∼ 6.1). From the CIV λ1549 broad emission line, we found that PSO J0309+27 is powered by a 1.45−0.85+1.89 × 109 M⊙ supermassive black hole (SMBH) with a bolometric luminosity of ∼8 × 1046 erg s−1 and an Eddington ratio equal to 0.44−0.35+0.78. We also obtained new photometric observations with the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in J and K bands to better constrain the NIR spectral energy distribution of the source. Thanks to these observations, we were able to model the accretion disk and to derive an independent estimate of the black hole mass of PSO J0309+27, confirming the value inferred from the virial technique. The existence of such a massive SMBH just ∼900 million years after the Big Bang challenges models of the earliest SMBH growth, especially if jetted active galactic nuclei are indeed associated with a highly spinning black hole, as is currently assumed. In a Eddington-limited accretion scenario and assuming a radiative efficiency of 0.3, typical of a fast rotating SMBH, a seed black hole of more than 106 M⊙ at z = 30 is indeed required to reproduce the mass of PSO J0309+27 at a redshift of 6. This requirement suggests either earlier periods of rapid black hole growth with super-Eddington accretion or a scenario in which only part of the released gravitational energy goes toward heating the accretion disk and feeding the black hole.
Evènements climatiques extrêmes
Authors:   L'Académie des
            sciences
Published: February 2022

L'Académie des sciences (ss la dir de Henri Decamps) Dans le monde d'aujourd'hui,
presque tous les événements naturels extrêmes pourraient être qualifiés de désastre. Sur
les 25 catastrophes les plus couteuses depuis 1970, toutes sont survenues après 1987 et
23 d'entre elles sont liées aux conditions climatiques. Et cela n'arrive pas qu'aux
autres. La France, elle non plus, n'est pas épargnée : 88 morts et 9 milliards d'euros
de dégats pour les tempêtes de décembre 1999, près de 15000 décès pour la canicule du
1er au 20 aout 2003. La récente tempête Xynthia, avec ses ruptures de digues, a provoqué
53 morts, s'ajoutant à tant d'autres tragédies survenues dans des zones inondables, et
nous interrogeant. Sommes-nous prêts par exemple à affronter une crue comparable à celle
de 1910 dans le Paris de demain ? Dans le contexte actuel de changement climatique, nous
savons que nous devons nous préparer à des événements extrêmes plus dangereux,
quelquefois inédits. Ces événements voient leurs effets amplifiés par le développement
urbain, le surpeuplement des zones littorales et l'anthropisation des milieux naturels.
Ils représentent de véritables « trappes à pauvreté » pour les pays les plus pauvres de
la Planète. C'est l'objet de ce rapport de l'Académie des Sciences qui analyse la
question de ces événements climatiques extrêmes et de leurs conséquences prévisibles sur
les systèmes économiques, sociaux, sanitaires et de sécurité. Un réel besoin
d'anticipation existe donc : notre pays est-il prêt à y répondre ? Participe-t-il
suffisamment aux actions internationales visant à réduire les risques ? Dispose-t-il
d'une information scientifique appropriée ?
Dynamic modeling for heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Shen Chun
Published: February 2022

Recent theory progress in (3+1)D dynamical descriptions of relativistic nuclear collisions at finite baryon density are reviewed. Heavy-ion collisions at different collision energies produce strongly coupled nuclear matter to probe the phase structure of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Dynamical frameworks serve as a quantitative tool to study properties of hot QCD matter and map collisions to the QCD phase diagram. Outstanding challenges are highlighted when confronting theoretical models with the current and forthcoming experimental measurements from the RHIC beam energy scan program.
Strange Hadron Production in Au+Au Collisions at √SNN = 54.4 GeV
Authors: Huang Yan ,   for the STAR collaboration
Published: February 2022

The RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) program was proposed to study the QCD phase transition. As a sensitive probe to the transition from the hadron gas to the Quark-Gluon Plasma, the particle ratios of strange hadrons are measured to study the properties of nuclear matter. Recently, the production of strange hadrons (KS0, Λ, Ξ, Ω, and ϕ) at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 54.4 GeV were measured by the STAR experiment at RHIC. In this paper nuclear modification factor, baryon-to-meson ratio, as well as the overall integrated yields of these strange hadrons at √SNN = 54.4 GeV are presented. In particular, the multi-strange baryon-to-meson ratio N(Ω− + Ω¯+)/[2N(ϕ)] is studied and compared to previous measurements from other BES energies. The strange-hadron-to-pion ratios versus charged hadron multiplicity are also studied and compared to the measurements in heavy-ion collisions at higher energies.
Production of light nuclei in small collision systems with ALICE
Authors: Pinto Chiara ,   on behalf of the ALICE Collaboration
Published: February 2022

The energy densities reached in high-energy hadronic collisions at the LHC allow significant production of light (anti)nuclei. Their production yields have been measured as a function of pT and charged-particle multiplicity in different collision systems and at different center-of-mass energies by ALICE. One of the most interesting results obtained from such a large variety of experimental data is that the dominant production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei seems to depend solely on the event charged-particle multiplicity. Evidence for this comes from the continuous evolution of the deuteron15 to-proton and 3He-to-proton ratios with the event multiplicity across different collision systems and energies. The characterization of the light nuclei production mechanism is complemented by measurements of their production yields in jets and in the underlying event. In this paper, recent results on light nuclei production in small collision systems are shown and discussed in the context of the statistical hadronization and coalescence models. In addition, recent results on the deuteron production in jets and new preliminary results on its production in the underlying event measured in pp collisions at √S = 13 TeV are discussed.
Finite chemical potential equation of state for QCD from an alternative expansion scheme
Authors: Parotto Paolo , Borsányi Szabolcs , Fodor Zoltan , Guenther Jana N. , Kara Ruben , Katz Sandor D. , Pásztor Attila , Ratti Claudia , Szabó Kalman K.
Published: February 2022

The Taylor expansion approach to the equation of state of QCD at finite chemical potential struggles to reach large chemical potential μB. This is primarily due to the intrinsic diffculty in precisely determining higher order Taylor coefficients, as well as the structure of the temperature dependence of such observables. In these proceedings, we illustrate a novel scheme [1] that allows us to extrapolate the equation of state of QCD without suffering from the poor convergence typical of the Taylor expansion approach. We continuum extrapolate the coefficients of our new expansion scheme and show the thermodynamic observables up to μB/T ≤ 3.5.
Early strangeness freeze-out from RHIC BES to LHC
Authors: Chen Jia , Deng Jian , Tang Zebo , Xu Zhangbu , Yi Li
Published: February 2022

In this talk, we investigate the collision energy and particle species dependence of kinetic freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions from √SNN = 7.7 - 200 GeV at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and 2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with Tsallis Blast-Wave (TBW) model. Strangeness and non-strange particles show a similar radial flow, while the strange hadrons have higher temperature and smaller non-equilibrium degree. Strangeness approaches equilibrium more quickly than non-strange particles from peripheral to central collisions. The kinetic freeze-out temperature of non-strange particles in central collisions decreases from RHIC to LHC energies, while strangeness does not show this behavior. Finally we discuss the system bulk viscosity dependence on collision energy.
Multi-strange hadron production in p+p interactions at √SNN= 17.3 GeV
Authors: Pulawski Szymon ,   for the NA61/SHINE Collaboration
Published: February 2022

The production of multi-strange hadrons in proton-proton interactions is currently studied with the NA61/SHINE experiment at the SPS. These particles are reconstructed via their weak decay typologies, exploiting the tracking and particle identification capabilities of NA61/SHINE. New measurements of rapidity and transverse momentum spectra of Ξ−and Ξ resonances and their antiparticles are shown. The results are compared to those observed in A+A collisions as well as to model predictions.
Quarkonium dynamics inside the Quark-Gluon Plasma using open quantum systems
Authors: Delorme Stéphane , Gousset Thierry , Katz Roland , Gossiaux Pol-Bernard
Published: February 2022

In recent years, a significant theoretical effort has been made towards a dynamical description of quarkonia inside the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), using the open quantum systems formalism. In this framework, one can get a real-time description of a quantum system (here the quarkonium) in interaction with a thermal bath (the QGP) by integrating out the bath degrees of freedom and studying the system reduced density matrix. We investigate the real-time dynamics of a correlated heavy quark-antiquark pair inside the QGP using a quantum master equation previously derived from first QCD principles in [4]. The full equation is directly resolved in 1D to lessen computing costs and is used for the first time to gain insight on the dynamics in both a static and evolving medium following a Björken-like temperature evolution.
Quarkonia as probes of the QGP and of the initial stages of the heavy-ion collision with ALICE
Authors: McKibben Lofnes Ingrid ,   for the ALICE Collaboration
Published: February 2022

Studies of quarkonium production in heavy-ion collisions can be used for probing QGP properties. The suppression and regeneration of bound quarkonium states is sensitive to the medium properties. Modifications of the quarkonium polarization in Pb–Pb collisions with respect to pp collisions may give further insight into the suppression and regeneration mechanisms in the QGP. Quarkonia are also sensitive to the initial stages of heavy-ion collisions, and measurements in photonuclear collisions may help constrain the nuclear gluon-distribution at low Bjorken-x. In this work, recent quarkonium measurements performed by ALICE in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV will be discussed. Preliminary measurements of the inclusive J/ψ RAA measured at both forward and central rapidity will be presented. The J/ψ polarization measured for the first time in Pb–Pb collisions, as well as preliminary measurements of the coherent J/ψ photoproduction cross section, will be discussed.
Measurements of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays in 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions in STAR
Authors: Zhang Shenghui ,   (for the STAR Collaboration)
Published: February 2022

In these proceedings, we present the measurements of nuclear modification factors for electrons from open charm (c→e) and bottom hadron decays (b→e) at mid-rapidity region in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV. The significance of the difference in nuclear modification factors between b→e and c→e is ≥ 3σ. We also present the measurements of the elliptic flow (v2) of inclusive heavy-flavor hadron decayed electrons (HFE) in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 27 and 54.4 GeV. The results show non-zero HFE v2 in 54.4 GeV Au+Au collisions and a hint of smaller HFE v2 in 27 GeV Au+Au collisions than those at 54.4 and 200 GeV.
Open charm and beauty measurements from small to large systems
Authors: Park Jonghan ,   on behalf of the ALICE Collaboration
Published: February 2022

Heavy-flavor quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) are essential probes to investigate the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The measurement of the nuclear modification factor (RAA) gives insight into the in-medium parton energy loss in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, the measurements of heavy-flavor elliptic flow (v2) provide crucial information about the degree of thermalization of heavy quarks in the QGP, the path-length dependence of heavy-quark in-medium energy loss, and possible recombination effects. The higher flow harmonics, such as the triangular flow (v3), provide further constraints on the effect of fluctuations in the initial state of the system. The measurements in proton-proton (pp) collisions allow for testing perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations and are needed as a baseline for investigating the medium effects in heavy-ion collisions. In this contribution, recent results of open charm and beauty production measured with the ALICE detector are discussed.
Shear viscosity at finite baryon densities
Authors: McLaughlin E , Rose J , Dore T , Parotto P , Ratti C , Noronha-Hostler J
Published: February 2022

We use the excluded volume Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model with the most up-to-date hadron list to calculate ηT/w at low temperatures and at finite baryon densities ρB. This ηT/w is then matched to a QCD-based shear viscosity calculation of the QGP for different profiles of ηT/w across T,μB including cross-over and critical point transitions. When compared to ideal hydrodynamic trajectories across T,μB, we find that the ηT/w(T,μB) profiles would require initial conditions at much larger baryon density to reach the same freeze-out point.
Directed flow of D mesons at RHIC and LHC energy within a transport approach: non-perturbative dynamics, vorticity and electromagnetic fields
Authors: Plumari Salvatore , Oliva Lucia , Sun Yifeng , Greco Vincenzo
Published: February 2022

We study the propagation of charm quarks in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by means a relativistic Boltzmann transport (RBT) approach coupled to electromagnetic field. The interplay between these fields is responsible to generate large rapidity odd directed flow v1 of D mesons and for a large splitting of directed flow Δv1 between neutral D and anti-D mesons. We show that the large v1 is generated by the longitudinal asymmetry between the bulk matter and the charm quarks and by a large non-perturbative interaction in the QGP medium.
Multi-criteria decision making under the MARCOS method and the weighting methods: applied to milling, grinding and turning processes
Authors: Duc Trung Do
Published: February 2022

The efficiency of cutting machining methods is generally evaluated through many parameters such as surface roughness, material removal rate, cutting force, etc. A machining process is considered highly efficient when it meets the requirements for these parameters, such as ensuring small surface roughness, high material removal rate, or small cutting force, etc. However, for each specific machining condition, sometimes the objective functions give contradictory requirements. In this case, it is necessary to implement multi-criteria decision making, i.e., make a decision to ensure harmonization of all required objectives. In this paper, a multi-criteria decision-making study is presented for three common machining methods: milling, grinding, and turning. In each machining method, the weights of the criteria were determined by four different methods, including Equal weight, ROC weight, RS weight and Entropy weight. The MARCOS method was applied for multi-criteria decision making. The best alternative was found to be the same as the weights were determined using the Equal weight and Entropy weight methods. In the remaining two weighting methods, the best alternative found depends on the order where the criteria were arranged, not these methods themselves. Direction for further research has been suggested in this study as well.
Ultrastructural and molecular study of the microsporidianToguebayea baccigerin. gen., n. sp., a hyperparasite of the digenean trematodeBacciger israelensis(Faustulidae), a parasite ofBoops boops(Teleostei, Sparidae)
Authors: Miquel Jordi , Kacem Hichem , Baz-González Edgar , Foronda Pilar , Marchand Bernard
Published: February 2022

A new microsporidianToguebayea baccigerin. gen., n. sp., hyperparasite ofBacciger israelensis(Digenea, Faustulidae), parasite ofBoops boops(Teleostei, Sparidae) is described by means of transmission electron microscopy. The phylogenetic analysis, based on the SSU rDNA gene, places the new species in the clade containing mainly crustacean-infecting microsporidia of the genusCucumispora, within superclade V (Marinosporidia)sensuVossbrinck et al., 2014. Mature spores ofT. baccigeriare ovoid, uninucleated and measure 2.5 × 1.4 μm. The number of coils of the polar tube is 8–10. The polaroplast is composed of an external lamellar part and an internal vesicular or granular part. The main differences that distinguish the new genus and new species from the closely related microsporidia include hyperparasitism in a digenean host infecting a marine fish, the geographic distribution (coast of Tunisia), presence of one nucleus at all developmental stages, disporoblastic sporogony, and the absence of sporophorous vacuoles.
Efficacy of Repair for ACL Injury: A Meta‑analysis of Randomized
Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Zhuoyang
Published: February 2022

We aim to compare the curative effect of primary repair for anterior cruciate
ligament (ACL) injury with reconstruction and provide the reliable evidence for
its clinical application. The literatures were searched in PubMed, EMBASE,
Springer, and other medical literature databases published between January 1970
and June 2021. Basic characteristics, surgery technique, clinical outcome scores
and physical examination results were recorded and evaluated. Seven randomized
controlled trials (RCT) were eligible for inclusion. The results showed that
there were no statistically significant differences between arthroscopic ACL
repair and ACL reconstruction for Tegner, Lysholm, Lachman, KT-1000, range of
motion (ROM), functional outcomes and reoperation rate (P>0.05), even
the result of IKDC scores showed that arthroscopic repair was better than
reconstruction (P=0.04). However, through the subgroup analysis, it was
found that the short-term follow-up results of arthroscopic ACL repair were
indeed better than those of open ACL repair. Therefore, we can assume that the
arthroscopic ACL repair technique is an optional and promising surgical method
to treat ACL injury.
Antiproliferative and Microtubule-stabilizing Activities of Two Iboga-vobasine Bisindoles Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma HT-29
Cells
Authors: Tan Chun Hoe , Sim Dawn Su Yin , Lim Siew Huah , Mohd Mohidin Taznim Begam , Mohan Gokula , Low Yun Yee , Kam Toh Seok , Sim Kae Shin
Published: February 2022

Two iboga-vobasine bisindoles, 16′-decarbomethoxyvoacamine (1) and its 19,20-dihydro derivative, 16′-decarbomethoxydihydrovoacamine (2) from Tabernaemontana corymbosa
exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells in our previous studies. Bisindoles 1 and 2 selectively inhibited the growth of HT-29
cells without significant cytotoxicity to normal human colon fibroblasts CCD-18Co. Treatment with bisindoles 1 and 2 suppressed the formation of HT-29 colonies via G0/G1 cell
cycle arrest and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. Owing to its higher antiproliferative activity, bisindole 2 was chosen for the subsequent studies. Bisindole 2 inhibited
the formation of HT-29 spheroids (tumor-like cell aggregates) in 3D experiments in a dose-dependent manner, while an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay and molecular docking
analysis showed that bisindole 2 is a microtubule-stabilizing agent which is predicted to bind at the β-tubulin subunit at the taxol-binding site. The binding resulted in the
generation of ROS, which consequently activated the oxidative stress-related cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways, viz., JNK/p38, p21Cip1/Chk1, and p21Cip1/Rb/E2F,
as shown by microarray profiling.
Viral Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia/Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Luyt Charles-Edouard , Hékimian Guillaume , Bréchot Nicolas , Chastre Jean
Published: February 2022

Among the viruses possibly responsible for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia, herpes simplex virus (HSV) is probably the most often involved: HSV reactivation is frequent in intensive care unit patients, and lung parenchymal infection (HSV bronchopneumonitis) has been well described, either using cytological signs of parenchymal involvement in cells obtained during bronchoalveolar lavage or using HSV virus load in the lower respiratory tract. Although treating patients with HSV bronchopneumonitis may be recommended, based on expert opinion, prophylactic or preemptive treatment of HSV reactivation should be avoided. Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is less frequent than HSV bronchopneumonitis, and more difficult to diagnose. No data exists on the impact of antiviral treatment on CMV pneumonia. The involvement of respiratory viruses has been described in patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia, but their role in ventilator-associated pneumonia is not clear.
Effect of relative humidity on the nonlinear elastic response of granular media
Authors: Gao Linying , Shokouhi Parisa , Rivière Jacques
Published: February 2022

We study the influence of relative humidity (RH) on the nonlinear elastic response of granular media. Previous work has shown that the nonlinear elastic response of consolidated granular media like rocks likely arises from two distinct mechanisms; however, we do not have a clear understanding of their physical origins at the microscopic scale. Here, we conduct dynamic acousto-elastic testing (DAET) on samples of glass beads under dry (∼10%), ambient (∼60%), and humid (∼100%) conditions at room temperature and a constant static stress of 4 MPa. DAET allows us to retrieve the full nonlinear elastic response, including transient softening and hysteretic effects. We find that the elastic nonlinearity of humid samples is an order of magnitude larger than dry samples. Moreover, we find that all extracted nonlinear parameters increase with RH. This overall increase in nonlinearity is consistent with findings from previous studies and with the hypothesis that water adsorption on the grains makes the contact junctions weaker and prone to greater disturbances when subjected to dynamic stressing. Our results also suggest that, if indeed both mechanisms coexist, they are affected in a similar fashion in these glass bead samples and cannot be distinguished by varying RH.
Epitaxial growth and magnetic characterization of EuSe thin films with various crystalline orientations
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Xinyu , Bac Seul-Ki , Wang Jiashu , Furdyna Jacek K. , Assaf Badih A. , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Orlova Tatyana , Lauter Valeria , Dilley Neil R. , Rokhinson Leonid P.
Published: February 2022

We report different growth modes and corresponding magnetic properties of thin EuSe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on BaF2, Pb1−xEuxSe, GaAs, and Bi2Se3 substrates. We show that EuSe grows predominantly in the (001) orientation on GaAs(111) and Bi2Se3, but along the (111) crystallographic direction on BaF2 (111) and Pb1−xEuxSe (111). High resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal a sharp and highly crystalline interface for both (001) and (111) EuSe films. In agreement with previous studies, ordered magnetic phases include antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and ferromagnetic phases. In contrast to previous studies, we found a strong hysteresis of the antiferromagnetic–ferrimagnetic transition. The ability to grow epitaxial films of EuSe on Bi2Se3 and of Bi2Se3 on EuSe enables further investigation of interfacial exchange interactions between various phases of an insulating metamagnetic material and a topological insulator.
Human motion-driven self-powered stretchable sensing platform based on laser-induced graphene foams
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Chen Huamin , Ding Xiaohong , Lorestani Farnaz , Huang Chunlei , Zhang Bingwen , Zheng Biao , Wang Jun , Cheng Huanyu , Xu Yun
Published: February 2022

Practical applications of next-generation stretchable electronics hinge on the development of sustained power supplies to drive highly sensitive on-skin sensors and wireless transmission modules. Although the manufacture of stretchable self-charging power units has been demonstrated by integrating stretchable energy harvesters and power management circuits with energy storage units, they often suffer from low and unstable output power especially under mechanical deformation and human movements, as well as complex and expensive fabrication processes. This work presents a low-cost, scalable, and facile manufacturing approach based on laser-induced graphene foams to yield a self-powered wireless sensing platform. 3D porous foams with high specific surface area and excellent charge transport provide an efficient flow of triboelectric electrons in triboelectric nanogenerators. The surface coating or doping with second laser irradiation on these foams can also form a 3D composite to provide high energy density in micro-supercapacitor arrays. The integration of a triboelectric nanogenerator and power management circuits with micro-supercapacitor arrays can efficiently harvest intermittent mechanical energy from body movements into stable power output. 3D foams and their composites patterned into various geometries conveniently create various deformable sensors on large scale at low cost. The generated stable, yet high, power with adjustable voltage and current outputs drives various stretchable sensors and wireless transmission modules to wirelessly measure pulse, strain, temperature, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and blood oxygen. The self-powered, wireless, wearable sensing platform paves the way to wirelessly detect clinically relevant biophysical and biochemical signals for early disease diagnostics and healthy aging.
Quantitative imaging of printed circuit board (PCB) delamination defects using laser-induced ultrasound scanning imaging
Authors: Wang Fei , Yue Zhuoyan , Liu Junyan , Qi Hong , Sun Wenjun , Chen Mingjun , Wang Yang , Yue Honghao
Published: February 2022

Laser-induced ultrasound scanning imaging is proposed and utilized for the detection of the printed circuit board (PCB) delamination defect in this present study. Initially, based on the principle of laser-induced ultrasound scanning imaging, a three-dimensional mathematical model of the ultrasonic excitation by pulsed laser acting on the surface of PCB is established and analyzed. Furthermore, based on the established laser ultrasonic nondestructive testing system, single-point testing is investigated on the PCB specimen. A-scan experiments were carried out by transmission and reflection approaches, respectively. Moreover, the influence of the signal receiving position on the discrimination of defective signals and the effect of wavelet transform denoising parameters on the signal-to-noise ratio were investigated. Eventually, based on the laser-induced ultrasound scanning imaging inspection system, the defects of simulated debonding flat bottom holes are detected and studied. The different algorithms or parameters (Fast Fourier Transform, variance, extremum, and principal component analysis, etc.) are employed to extract the characteristic information are analyzed. The experimental results are compared with the traditional infrared thermal wave imaging (lock-in thermography). The experimental results indicate that laser-induced ultrasound scanning imaging has the advantages of high-resolution imaging for the defect with a small diameter. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a set of feasible laser-induced ultrasound scanning imaging for PCB delamination defect detection.
A molecular dynamic study of evaporation/supercritical-transition inter-relationship and multicomponents interaction for alkane/alcohol droplets
Authors: Wang Zhanyuan , Zhao Wanhui , Zhou Lei , Shu Gequn , Wei Haiqiao
Published: February 2022

The behavior of droplets going through trans-critical conditions from subcritical to supercritical exhibits different features. The influence of multicomponent droplets on the relationship between supercritical transition and evaporation has not been determined. In the present work, molecular dynamic simulations for both single-component and two-component hydrocarbon droplets comprising alkanes (heptane, dodecane, and hexadecane, which are abbreviated to C7, C12, and C16, respectively, in present paper) and alcohol (n-butanol, which is abbreviated to BuOH), whose diameters are 30 nm, are conducted under various trans-critical conditions. To ensure efficiency and accuracy, the simulations are conducted under nitrogen atmosphere. The supercritical transition rate of droplets is quantified by the temporal declining of the maximum fuel mole fraction, and the evaporation rate is measured by the reduction of their radius. The inter-relationship between the supercritical transition and evaporation is mainly influenced by the ambient pressure, where the supercritical transition of droplets becomes more dominant under conditions with higher pressure. Furthermore, the separate phase-change processes and spatial stratification phenomena are discovered for trans-critical n-butanol/hexadecane droplets. Ultimately, by comparing the supercritical transition regions of the binary droplets and the corresponding unary droplets, the influence of intercomponent interaction on the phase-change process of binary droplets is discussed.
Analytical and numerical studies on a moving boundary problem of non-Newtonian Bingham fluid flow in fractal porous media
Authors: Liu Wenchao , Zhang Qitao , Dong Yeru , Chen Zhangxin , Duan Yaoyao , Sun Hedong , Yan Xuemei
Published: February 2022

Non-Darcy flow with a threshold in fractal porous media has been widely used in the development of unconventional petroleum resources such as heavy oil and tight oil. Mathematical modeling of such challenging “threshold flow” problems with strong nonlinearity has great significance in improving petroleum science and technology. Based on a fractal theory, a new non-Darcy kinematic equation with a fractal threshold pressure gradient (TPG) is mathematically deduced in order to describe the non-Darcy flow of a non-Newtonian Bingham fluid with a threshold in fractal porous media. Then mathematical modeling of planar radial non-Darcy flow in a fractal heavy oil reservoir is performed as a nonlinear moving boundary problem. In addition, a steady analytical solution method and a transient numerical solution method are developed. The analytical solution of an ordinary differential equation system for a simple steady model is derived directly, and the transient numerical solution of a partial differential equation system for an unsteady flow model is obtained based on the finite element method with good convergence. These two model solutions are validated by cross-comparisons. It is found from the calculation results that for the steady state, the extremely disturbed moving boundary and its corresponding pressure distribution are affected only by a TPG, production pressure, and a transport exponent; by contrast, for the unsteady state, the moving boundary and its corresponding pressure distribution are affected by many more factors including the fractal dimension. Furthermore, neglect of the fractal TPG and the induced moving boundary can lead to high overestimation of well productivity.
Drafting, kissing, and tumbling of a pair of particles settling in non-Newtonian fluids
Authors: Hui Da , Xu Zhijing , Wu Wenbin , Zhang Guiyong , Wu Qian , Liu Moubin
Published: February 2022

The drafting, kissing, and tumbling (DKT) of a pair of particles in Newtonian fluids are frequently observed in particle sedimentations and have been well studied. However, sedimentation shows distinct behaviors when the particle pair is released in non-Newtonian fluids, and dynamics of the DKT have still not been completely understood. In this paper, the immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method with a hybrid multiple-relaxation-time scheme is used to examine the dynamics of the DKT of a pair of particles settling in non-Newtonian fluids. The particle pair is released in a confined channel filled with non-Newtonian fluids, in which the non-Newtonian behaviors of shear-thinning/shear-thickening and yield stress are considered. The results demonstrate that the horizontal migration direction at the initial stage of the separation state in a shear-thinning fluid is totally different from that happening in a Newtonian fluid. It is attributed to the asymmetrical fluid viscosity on both sides of the pair of particles. Our findings also show that yield stress plays a dominant role in the sedimentation velocity and separation distance between the particles forming this pair. Under the effect of yield stress, three sedimentation structures, which correspond to different dynamic behaviors of the pair of particles, are also identified during the sedimentation. Furthermore, some critical conditions, regarding horizontal migration toward the right or left side, DKT/non-DKT and kissing/non-kissing states are established through the Bingham number (Bn)-power-law index (n) diagrams and tables. Also, the effect of the diameter ratio between two particles on the DKT is studied.
Mushy-layer convection
Authors: Anderson Daniel M. , Guba Peter , Wells Andrew J.
Published: February 2022

Complex physical processes that affect the solidification of multicomponent fluids have implications for materials science and geophysics.
Whale sharks (
Authors: Lester E. , Cannon T. , Lawrence S. , Wilton J. , Araujo G.
Published: February 2022

We provide rare in-water evidence of whale sharks feeding on baitballs in the presence of other predators. Our observations provide evidence of the complexity of whale shark feeding behaviour and provide a compelling insight into the interactions of this species with other predatory taxa in Western Australia.
Real-time pandemic surveillance using hospital admissions and mobility data
Authors: Fox Spencer J. , Lachmann Michael , Tec Mauricio , Pasco Remy , Woody Spencer , Du Zhanwei , Wang Xutong , Ingle Tanvi A. , Javan Emily , Dahan Maytal , Gaither Kelly , Escott Mark E. , Adler Stephen I. , Johnston S. Claiborne , Scott James G. , Meyers Lauren Ancel
Published: February 2022

Significance

Forecasting COVID-19 healthcare demand has been hindered by poor data throughout the pandemic. We introduce a robust model for predicting COVID-19 transmission and hospitalizations based on COVID-19 hospital admissions and cell phone mobility data. This approach was developed by a municipal COVID-19 task force in Austin, TX, which includes civic leaders, public health officials, healthcare executives, and scientists. The model was incorporated into a dashboard providing daily healthcare forecasts that have raised public awareness, guided the city’s staged alert system to prevent unmanageable ICU surges, and triggered the launch of an alternative care site to accommodate hospital overflow.
Leucine retention in lysosomes is regulated by starvation
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Urmi , Todorova Pavlina , Pavlova Natalya N. , Tada Yuma , Thompson Craig B. , Finley Lydia W.S. , Overholtzer Michael
Published: February 2022

Significance

Cells can respond to starvation by up-regulating stress responses that promote the recycling or scavenging of essential nutrients. We identify a starvation response that allows cells to store the essential amino acid leucine within lysosomes when extracellular amino acids are scarce. This “storage” response allows cells to sequester an essential amino acid in support of protein synthesis. We find that numerous essential amino acids are trafficked through lysosomes even when extracellular concentrations are high, suggesting that constitutive flux through lysosomes is related to starvation-induced storage.
Multimodal reading and second language learning
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana
Published: February 2022

Most of the texts that second language learners engage with include both text (written and/or spoken) and images.
The use of images accompanying texts is believed to support reading comprehension and facilitate learning. Despite their
widespread use, very little is known about how the presentation of multiple input sources affects the attentional demands and the
underlying cognitive processes involved. This paper provides a review of research on multimodal reading, with a focus on
attentional processing. It first introduces the relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence provided in support of the
use of pictures in reading. It then reviews studies that have looked at the processing of text and pictures in first and second
language contexts. Based on this review, main gaps in research and future research directions are identified. The discussion
provided in this paper aims at advancing research on multimodal reading in a second language. Achieving a better understanding of
the underlying cognitive processes in multimodal reading is crucial to inform pedagogical practices and to develop theoretical
accounts of second language multimodal reading.
Comparison in 50 kg Mass Standard SIM.M.M-S12
Authors: García González Fernando , García Leoro Francisco , Almonte Luz Cori , Araujo Donny Taipe , Rojas Aldo Quiroga , Becerra Luis Omar , Peña Luis Manuel
Published: February 2022

Main text

This report describes the results of the supplementary comparison SIM.M.M-S12, planned and carried out to evaluate the difference among the laboratories and the reference in the calibration of 50 kg mass standards.

This comparison was undertaken by CESMEC (Chile) as pilot laboratory; CENAM (México) as support laboratory; and INACAL (Peru).

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Sea Water Quality Analysis at Muncar Fishing Port, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Rudiyanto G F , Kurnianto F A , Pangastuti E I , Nurdin E A
Published: February 2022

The condition of sea water quality is very important to study to determine whether a sea water is polluted or not. Muncar Fishing Port, located in Banyuwangi Regency, is the largest fish port on the island of Java. Economic activities around the port are dominated by fish canning factories which cause a very high amount of waste. Factory waste that is not managed by the factory is dumped directly into the ocean so that the waters at the Muncar Fishery Port become polluted. This study aims to determine the quality of sea water at the Muncar Fishery Port using a TDS meter. The parameters used in this study consisted of water temperature, pH, and PPM. Research samples were taken in five locations that have different characteristics. Based on the results of the research, the first and second locations have high levels of pollution which are characterized by low pH values (7) and high PPM (8.3). The third, fourth, and fifth locations have safe values so that they can be classified as unpolluted waters.