bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rising sclerophylly in the Amazon over the last four decades
Authors: Barbosa Milton , Maia Renata , Menor Imma Oliveras , Marimon-Junior Ben Hur , Marimon Beatriz Schwantes , Fernandes Geraldo , Malhi Yadvinder , Gutiérrez Jesús Aguirre
Published: January 2025

The Amazon Forest, essential for global biodiversity and climate regulation, is increasingly threatened by deforestation, fire, and climate change, pushing it toward a critical tipping point. This may lead to a shift from dense forests to open, fire-prone landscapes, jeopardising its original biodiversity and key ecological functions. Using historical satellite spectral data and community-weighted tree trait data from 130 vegetation plots, we quantify changes in leaf sclerophylly - leaf toughness, a drought-adaptive trait - across the Amazon. We show that vegetation with higher sclerophylly exhibits more stable spectral reflectance over time. Over the last four decades, this stability has increased by 10%, suggesting a rise in sclerophylly linked to climatic stress. If current trends continue, in 40 years, the Amazon may approach sclerophylly levels seen in transitional zones with the Cerrado savanna biome, potentially altering carbon and water cycles with profound implications for biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. However, significant regional variation in this trend underscores the role of local factors, including human activities, in influencing forest resilience. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate both climate-induced and anthropogenic pressures, ensuring the forest’s future resilience.
Impact of defect dynamics on the formation of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: CHAKRABORTY BISWANATH , Joshi Pragya , Singla Sakal , Morales Gabriel , Sharma Dushali , Makineni Surendra , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Sarkar Suman , Dreyer Cyrus
Published: January 2025

Isolated point defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are promising candidates for single-photon emitters (SPEs) for quantum technologies. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical studies in recent years, determining unambiguously the microscopic nature of such emitters and how they form in hBN has been challenging. In this work, we combine optical and electron spectroscopy to reveal how nanoscale carbon migration leads to SPEs in hBN. We find that focused electron-beam irradiation of hBN introduces tightly confined carbon clusters at the irradiation epicenter. Subsequent thermal annealing drives the migration of carbon from such an epicenter, leading to the systematic formation of SPEs a few microns away. First-principles calculations reveal that this carbon migration can
be described as a combined process of substitutional carbon and boron vacancy hopping across atomic sites. Our findings provide new insights on the formation process of quantum emitters in hBN, opening new possibilities for their creation and control.
“It was up to me to be curious”: Perceptions and Experiences of Students with Intellectual Disability on Genetics and Health Education
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Hansen Jennifer , Danker Joanne , Jackaman Karen-Maia , Loblinzk Julie , Sarfaraz Skie , Scully Jackie Leach , Boyle Jackie , Terrill Bronwyn , Palmer Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

People with intellectual disability want to learn more about their health and genetics. They want to be empowered with the knowledge and skills to make informed health and genetic healthcare choices. Little is known about what high school students with intellectual disability learn about health, genetics or genetic healthcare. To address this gap, we conducted an inclusive qualitative research study in Australia. Fourteen Australian current and recently graduated students with intellectual disability participated in semi-structured interviews. Inductive content analysis revealed four key themes: (i) Science, health and genetics education, (ii) Health rights, (iii) Education rights, (iv) Recommendations for improving genetic and health literacy. Students with intellectual disability reported they were not taught about genetics and health, making healthcare choices, and/or making life decisions at school. They felt this disadvantages and disempowers them in becoming informed healthcare consumers. They recommended that teachers should be supported with resources to deliver inclusive, person-centred and respectful lessons that inform decision-making about genetics, health and healthcare choices. Future research should focus on how best to upskill teachers to support students with intellectual disability for their future health choices in a respectful, supportive, student-centred and strengths-based way. This will help prepare young people with intellectual disability to navigate the healthcare system and be empowered partners in their own healthcare. The growth of such skills has been suggested as critical in inequities in healthcare access for people with intellectual disability, as well as improving healthcare experiences and outcomes.
Let’s Think Aloud on Teacherpreneurship: A Phenomenological Study through the Lens of EFL Teachers
Authors: Barjesteh Hamed , Rad Neda Fatehi , Isaee Hossein
Published: January 2025

Teacherpreneurs are a combination of educators and entrepreneurs who balance their teaching roles with the opportunity, resources, and motivation to develop and implement innovative educational practices and policies that benefit students and fellow teachers (Berry, 2010). Research indicates that teachers who exhibit entrepreneurial behavior often prioritize their professional development. However, the perceptions of English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers regarding teacherpreneurship have not been thoroughly explored in the context of the Middle East. This study seeks to investigate the perceptions of ELT teachers in four countries (i.e., Dubai, Turkey, Iran, and Iraq) about teacherpreneurship, examining its advantages and challenges. The study identifies common themes and attitudes among participants using a phenomenological design. Through purposive sampling and ethical considerations, 40 ELT teachers with experience in teacherpreneurship were selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Duo and WhatsApp, with open-ended questions in English. The results revealed that participants viewed teacherpreneurship as a means for fostering innovation, advancing professionally, generating income, improving digital literacy, reducing burnout, and creating platforms for publishing academic work. Furthermore, participants identified several advantages and challenges associated with ELT teacherpreneurship. The findings have implications for many stakeholders, including ELT teacherpreneurs, their followers, and researchers across the Middle Eastern context.
WITHDRAWN: Does Digital Transformation improve innovation quality in China
Authors: Xiao Peng , Li Baoxi , He Yuhang
Published: January 2025

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Whole Transcriptome Sequencing and ceRNA Regulatory Network in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: YAN Qi , XU Li-juan , MA Jing , WANG Jing , WANG Xian-ming , MA Li
Published: January 2025

Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a serious complication of diabetes, its molecular causes are still unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to further investigate the pathogenesis of diabetes through whole transcriptome sequencing. Methods: Based on the whole transcriptome sequencing data, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the DPN and the control groups were identified, and functions and pathways in which DEGs were enriched were analyzed. Thereafter, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built, and the top 20 hub genes were screened via STRING algorithm. Moreover, enrichment analysis for the top 20 hub genes was subsequently performed. Finally, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was created. Results: There were 597 DEGs between the DPN group and control groups. The top 20 hub genes were Fos, Tnf, Jun, Cd3e, CD79a, Cd27, Cd79b, Ptprc, Cd22, Cd40lg, Cd19, Cr2, Sell, Il6, Pdlim3, Actn2, Myom2, Tnni2, Ldb3, and Myh7. According to the enrichment analysis, DEGs and hub genes were enriched into ‘B cell receptor signaling pathway’, ‘TNF signaling pathway’, ‘T cell receptor signaling pathway’,‘Th17 cell differentiation’,‘IL-17 signaling pathway’,‘primary immunodeficiency’, and ‘toll-like receptor signaling pathway’. The ceRNA network finally contained 9 mRNAs, 23 miRNAs, and 23 lncRNAs. Conclusion: The findings of this study could provide novel insights into the roles of DEGs in the pathogenesis of DPN.
Socio-Economic Circumstances of Children with Disabilities in Zimbabwe in the face of COVID-19 pandemic in Rujeko High Density, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mwapaura Kudzai , Chikoko Witness , Tome Ropafadzo Ashley
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the socioeconomic challenges encountered by children with disabilities in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in Rujeko High-Density suburb, Masvingo Province. The study adopted a qualitative methodology, punctuated by a case study research designs to have a deeper understanding of the realities of children with disabilities. Utilising a social model conceptual framework, children with disabilities live secluded lives due to exclusion and discrimination. The study was motivated by a lack of attention towards challenges encountered by children with disabilities in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research findings suggest that some of the challenges included; lack of access to online learning, transportation challenges and limited mobility at schools. Removing these barriers should not be a charitable act but rather a mandate to ensure their well-being. The children with disabilities were also employing different copying strategies which include, debrief from friend, begging for learning material and making attempts to benefit from public Wi-Fi hotspots.
Hyper diversity, species richness, and community structure in ESS and non-ESS communities
Authors: Honasoge Kailas Shankar , Vincent Tania L. , McNickle Gordon G. , Staňková Kateřina , Brown Joel S. , Apaloo Joseph
Published: January 2025

In mathematical models of eco-evolutionary dynamics with a quantitative trait, two species with different strategies can coexist only if they are separated by a valley or peak of the adaptive landscape. A community is ecologically and evolutionarily stable if each species’ trait sits on global, equal fitness peaks, forming a saturatedESS community. However, the adaptive landscape may allow communities with fewer (undersaturated) or more (hypersaturated) species than the ESS. Non-ESS communities at ecological equilibrium exhibit invasion windows of strategies that can successfully invade. Hypersaturated communities can arise through mutual invasibility where each non-ESS species’ strategy lies in another’s invasion window. Hypersaturation in ESS communities with >1 species remains poorly understood.
We use the G-function approach to model niche coevolution and Darwinian dynamics in a Lotka-Volterra competition model. We confirm that up to 2 (or 3) species can coexist in a hypersaturated community with a single-species ESS if the strategy is scalar-valued (or bivariate). We conjecture that at most n*(s+1) species can form a hypersaturated community, where n is the number of ESS species at the strategy’s dimension. For a scalar-valued 2-species ESS, four species coexist by “straddling” the would-be ESS traits. In a 5-species ESS, 7 or 8, but not 10, species can coexist in the hypersaturated community. In a bivariate model with a single-species ESS, an infinite number of 3-species hypersaturated communities can exist.
We offer conjectures and discuss their relevance to ecosystems that may be non-ESS due to invasive species, climate change, and human-altered landscapes.
Bioactivity, biochemical mechanisms, and olfactory effects of the essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum and its major compound eugenol on Sitophilus zeamais L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Pimenta Thiago Alves , Silva Aleska Batista da , Farias Lílian Renata Alves , Cruz Glaucilane Santos , Teixeira Valéria Wanderley , Teixeira Álvaro Aguiar Coelho , Silva Naely de Lima , Trindade Roseane Cristina Predes
Published: January 2025

With the significant losses Sitophilus zeamais (Linnaeus, 1763) causes to corn from fields to storage and the harmful effects of excessive chemical insecticide use, this study aimed to assess the toxicity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and its main component, eugenol. It also looked into how they impact S. zeamais biochemical profile over time. The study analyzed chromatographic data for the oil and various parameters for the insects, including mortality rates, repellence, deterrence, adult emergence, and biochemical changes (proteins, lipids, sugars, and glycogen levels). Results showed that S. aromaticum essential oil had a significant lethal effect on S. zeamais, with an LC95 of 35.21 µL/L and an LC50 of 13.7 µL/L, while eugenol's LC95 was 12.74 µL/L and its LC50 was 7.33 µL/L in contact toxicity tests. Both the oil and eugenol demonstrated repellent and fumigant effects, disrupting the insect's biology. In terms of nutritional impact, the substances affected the insects differently. The essential oil initially increased nutrient levels but then reduced them after 48 hours, while eugenol initially increased levels but eventually led to a decrease. In conclusion, both the essential oil and eugenol showed adverse effects on S. zeamais, altering crucial survival parameters. However, eugenol yielded more significant results and is readily available commercially, making it a promising candidate for developing new insecticidal products.
Trends and Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension at Global, Regional, and National Levels from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the 2021 Global B urden of Disease Study
Authors: Tang Meng , Liu Xingxing , Hao Xiaoyu , Liu Zhiming , Li Zuwei , Luo Hanbin , Zou Guohui Zou
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic vascular disorder characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which can ultimately result in right ventricular failure. This condition imposes a substantial economic burden and significant health challenges on both healthcare systems and patients. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of PAH, evaluating factors such as gender, age, region, country, and sociodemographic variables, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021.
Methods: This study leverages the most recent data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden and trends of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The analysis is based on age-standardized prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), employing decomposition analysis, health inequality analysis, and frontier analysis. Additionally, the study investigates period and cohort effects from 1990 to 2021 using age-period-cohort (APC) modeling and projects the futuredisease burden of PAH through Bayesian APC (BAPC) modeling.
Results: In 2021, the prevalence and mortality rates of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were notably higher compared to previous years, whereas disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized death rates (ASDR) exhibited a declining trend. The disease burden was generally greater among females and the elderly population compared to males and other age groups. Low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions consistently bore a disproportionately higher burden of mortality and DALYs. Decomposition analyses revealed that population growth and aging were significant contributors to the overall PAH disease burden. Age-period-cohort effects indicated that the risk of disease was broadly positively correlated with age. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) modeling projections suggest that the global burden of PAH is expected to decrease by 2035.
Conclusions: Global, national, and regional progress in reducing the disease burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) during the study period was relatively limited, particularly among women and older age groups. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies for PAH remain insufficient in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, the proactive development of health policies tailored to the disease burden of PAH and aligned with the economic development levels of different countries and regions represents a crucial approach to tackling this significant public health challenge.
Investigation of Lysinibacillus macroides, Kurthia huakuii and Enterococcus faecium as potential probiotics from freshwater snail gut microbiota
Authors: Shaker Reham Alaa Eldin , Hashem Rasha A. , Hassan Mariam , Ibrahim Amina M. , Ragab Yasser M. , Khattab Rania Abdelmonem
Published: January 2025

For various kinds of mammals and insects, including humans, the composition and roles of intestinal microbial populations have been clarified; however, less is understood concerning the gut microbiota of mollusks. Lanistes carinatus (L. carinatus), Cleopatra, and Helisoma duryi (H. duryi) and explore their gut microbiota. Lysinibacillus macroides (L. macroides), Kurthia huakuii (K. huakuii) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) were isolated from L. carinatus, Cleopatra and H. duryi, respectively. L. macroides, K. huakuii and E. faecium demonstrated no hemolytic and DNase activity. Furthermore, the three potential probiotic bacteria showed antimicrobial efficacy towards Staphylococcus (Staph.) aureus, Escherichia (E.) coli, Salmonella (S.) typhi and Pseudomonas (Ps.) aeruginosa. The cell free supernatant (CFS) derived from the three potential probiotics demonstrated non-significant cytotoxicity against Caco2 cells in all tested dilutions. In addition, the bacterial isolates displayed significant tolerance to a wide range of pH values and bile salt concentrations (0.3% and 0.7% w/v). The three bacterial isolates-maintained sensitivity to all tested antibiotics except for L. macroides and K. huakuii who exhibited resistance against tetracycline while K. huakuii was resistant to gentamycin. L. carinatus, Cleopatra and H. duryi gut microbiota were explored to investigate their microbial population structure where it was dominated with two main phyla with no significant difference Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The purposes of the investigation were to establish the probiotic potential of L. macroides, K. huakuii and E. faecium bacterial isolates obtained from the gut microbiota of freshwater snails and their ability as a promising probiotics promoting health benefits in humans or animals.
ICO Learning assisted characterization of Transient Chaos in PT-symmetric Liénard system
Authors: Deka J. P. , Govindarajan A. , Sarma A. K.
Published: January 2025

In this article, we investigate the implications of the unsupervised learning technique known as Input-Correlations (ICO) learning in the temporal dynamics of two linearly coupled PT-symmetric Liénard oscillators. We find that on increasing the amplitude of the external periodic drive, the system exhibits period-doubling cascade to chaos. In the period-4 regime, we observe the emergence of transient chaos which has been further validated by the maximal Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) and the Hilbert Transform. In the transiently chaotic regime, we deploy ICO learning from which we identify that when there is emergence of transiently chaotic dynamics, the synaptic weight associated with the loss oscillator exhibits stationary temporal evolution. This signifies that in the periodic regime, there is no overlap between the filtered signals obtained from the time-series of the coupled PT-symmetric oscillators. In addition, the temporal evolution of the weight associated with the stimulus mimics the behaviour of the Hilbert transform of the time-series.
Risk factors for open gingival embrasures after clear aligners treatment: A retrospective study
Authors: Cui Wenjie , Liu Yibai , Zhao Yang , Lei Lang , Li Houxuan
Published: January 2025

Background
To explore the incidence and risk factors of open gingival embrasures (OGEs) in the front region of adult none-extraction cases with clear aligner treatment (CAT).
Methods
Eighty-two adult patients with non-extraction and CAT were included in this retrospective study. A total of 820 tooth sites were assessed for OGEs in intraoral photographs. These sites were categorized into nonoccurrence group and occurrence group. The parameters – including crown shape, root angulation, distance between cementoenamel junction, and distance from interproximal contact point (ICP) to alveolar bone crest (ABC) – were compared between occurrence group and nonoccurrence group using independent t-test and were further analyzed based on the severity. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the significant risk factors of OGEs.
Results
The overall incidence of OGEs was 13.4% in the maxilla and 30.7% in the mandible. The highest incidence was found between the mandibular central incisors, standing at 39.02%. Age, mandibular crowding, distance between adjacent maxillary teeth at the cementoenamel junction and distance from ICP to ABC in the maxilla and mandible have significant correlation with the occurrence of OGEs (P<0.05). The tooth shape as well as the distance from ICP to ABC were correlated with the severity of OGEs between mandibular central incisors (P<0.05).
Conclusions
OGE is a common complication after CAT, adversely affecting the smiling esthetics. Clinicians should be well aware of risk factors, such as age, degree of dental crowding, and the distance from the ICP to ABC.
Impact of the anesthetic technique: desflurane, sevoflurane or propofol on the performance of the LMA Protector TM in anesthetized adult patients. A comparative study of non-inferiority
Authors: Zaballos Matilde , Portas Maite , Pizarro Ana-Gloria , Reyes Almudena , Varela Olalla , Hortal Javier
Published: January 2025

Background: The laryngeal mask (LM) Protector™ (LMP) is a second-generation supraglottic airway device associated with high oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP). Anesthetic technique is one factor influencing OLP.
Objective: To evaluate the OLP of the LMP using desflurane, comparing it for non-inferiority to sevoflurane and propofol, and to assess the relationship between respiratory adverse events and anesthetic agent.
Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study included 180 ASA physical status I-III adult patients (aged 18-75 years) undergoing outpatient surgery requiring an LMA. All patients received midazolam (1 mg IV), remifentanil (0.25 µg kg⁻¹ min⁻¹), and propofol (2.5-3 mg kg⁻¹) before LMP insertion without neuromuscular blockade. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane, sevoflurane, or propofol. OLP and respiratory complications were recorded.
Results: Demographic parameters were similar across groups, except for a lower percentage of women in the sevoflurane group and similar rates of advanced airway use. OLP [median (range), cm H₂O] was 28 (22-34) for desflurane, 26 (22-32) for sevoflurane, and 28 (25-34) for propofol (p = 0.62). Initial and maintenance ventilation characteristics were comparable across groups, as was the incidence of respiratory complications (coughing, laryngospasm, desaturation), which were generally mild.
Conclusion: The LMP provides effective airway management with high OLP, irrespective of the anesthetic agent (desflurane, sevoflurane, or propofol) used. No significant differences in OLP or respiratory complications were observed among the anesthetic groups.
Implementing a clinical ethics support instrument for palliative care (CURA): facilitators, barriers, and strategies
Authors: Metselaar Suzanne , Schaik Malene , Widdershoven Guy , Pasman H. Roeline
Published: January 2025

Background
To support healthcare professionals in dealing with moral challenges in palliative care, CURA, a clinical ethics support instrument, was developed. The aim of the present study is to identify facilitators for and barriers to the implementation of CURA in healthcare organizations, and to identify strategies for improving the implementation of CURA.
Methods
Design: We used a mixed-method design combining quantitative and qualitative methods (a questionnaire and group interviews).
Setting: 13 healthcare facilities in which palliative care is provided and in which CURA is implemented: three general hospitals, five nursing homes, two hospices, three home care organizations.
Data collection and participants: The quantitative part of the study comprised a questionnaire with determinants for successful implementation. Data were obtained 18 months after the start of implementation. Respondents were 47 care providers who were trained as so-called ‘CURA ambassadors’, i.e., pioneers in initiating, facilitating and implementing CURA in their organization. The qualitativepart of the study consisted of both open questions to the respondents to the questionnaire and three group interviews (total n=10).
Analysis: Quantitative data of the questionnaire were analyzed descriptively. Qualitative data were analysed using both deductive content analysis on main themes and inductive content analysis on subthemes.
Results
We identified facilitators, barriers and strategies at four levels of implementation: intervention, users, organization, and socio-political context. Important facilitators pertain to CURA’s time efficiency, perceived effectiveness, attitude and competences of CURA ambassadors, commitment and support from colleagues and management. Major barriers were a lack of (allocation of) time, and resistance towards new interventions in the organization. Strategies pertain to embedding the use of CURA in existing structures, and pro-actively convincing colleagues and management of the benefits of using CURA.
Conclusions
Our research on the implementation of CURA, adds to the scarce knowledge that we have on how to implement clinical ethics support in healthcare organizations. Our findings provide concrete suggestions to organizations providing palliative care that seek to implement CURA, such as using evidence on the effectiveness of CURA to convince management, or to embed the use of CURA during meetings that are already scheduled and part of work routines.
Deciphering the Electrostatic and Structural dynamics due to point Mutation in DNA gyrase leading to acquired Quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Rai Sumit Kumar , Singh Dev Bukhsh , Singh Satendra
Published: January 2025

The structural bioinformatics analysis approach provides valuable information regarding the protein’s structure and function by analyzing the contribution of each and every amino acid residue present in its active site. Residue substitution in the active site has a profound effect on the protein’s shape, stability, binding affinity, charge distribution, etc. We inserted a mutation in the DNA gyrase protein's A chain (3ILW_wild) to understand the structural and electrical alternations, resulting in the formation of the 3ILW_G88A, 3ILW_G88C, 3ILW_D94G, and 3ILW_D94H mutant proteins. The molecular docking approach was applied to screen the best-interacting fourth-generation quinolone antibiotics and to elucidate their stability, binding affinity, and interaction pattern with the wild protein. The results of molecular docking studies suggested that delafloxacin (dfx) had the highest binding affinity with the DNA gyrase A chain and fits best at the active site. Mutant proteins were again docked with delafloxacin to monitor the effect of residue change on the protein’s properties. The results of the molecular docking approach were further validated by molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation studies. Molecular dynamics simulations over 100 ns were carried out for five protein systems. Parameters like RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration, H-bond, and solvent-accessible area obtained from MD simulation studies revealed that the mutant proteins experienced greater rigidity and lesser structural fluctuations than the wild protein. Electrostatic investigation and comparison of BFE revealed that the electrostatic interactions were reduced, and this reduction directly affected the binding affinity of proteins and ligand molecules. Per-residue BFE decomposition and hydrogen bond analysis indicated that the reduced interaction was due to loss or gain of hydrophilic/hydrophobic or positively/negatively charged residues. It is worth noting that mutation at position 94 of DNA gyrase A has a very profound effect as it shows a positive contribution towards increased resistance and reduced binding affinity with delafloxacin.
Research on a novel hybrid single cavity structure for cancer therapy
Authors: Wang Canyu , Zhang Zeyang , Xing Chaochao , Zhang Cong , Lu Liang
Published: January 2025

In recent decades, significant advancements have been made in accelerator technology, particularly with the hybrid single cavity (HSC). The HSC technology combines a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and a drift tubes linac (DTL) within a unified interdigital H-type (IH) structure, resulting in enhanced compactness and system simplification. However, this design presents two fundamental challenges: reduced beam transmission efficiency and the concentration of electromagnetic (EM) fields at the matching section between RFQ and DTL sections. To address these issues, a novel coupled-window structure (CWS) has been devised to mitigate the effects of the EM fields. This paper explores the design and optimization of a 100 MHz HSC for high intensity carbon beam cancer therapy. The new HSC cavity is engineered to accelerate 20 mA C6+ beams from 20 keV/u to 4 MeV/u within a distance of 4.4 m, achieving a total transmission efficiency of 91%. These outcomes are attainable through the implementation of CWS, which effectively mitigates the challenges associated with matching dynamic fields between the RFQ and DTL sections.
Exploring the Role of AI-Driven Dynamic Writing Platforms in Improving EFL Learners' Writing Skills and Fostering Their Motivation
Authors: Tajik Aliakbar
Published: January 2025

AI-powered platforms for dynamic writing present transformative opportunities to enhance English language acquisition and actively engage learners in writing tasks. However, the role of artificial intelligence in improving writing proficiency and fostering motivation among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners remains an area that has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This research endeavor seeks to address the prevailing knowledge gap in the field by exploring the influence of AI-powered writing platforms on the writing skills of EFL learners. The study's objectives encompass the assessment of the impact of these platforms on coherence, vocabulary usage, grammatical accuracy, task accomplishment, and learner motivation. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study examined 65 intermediate EFL students from the Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva branch, who were divided into two groups: one employed AI-powered tools, while the other followed traditional classroom-based writing exercises. Quantitative data were gathered via IELTS-based assessments and motivation scales, while qualitative insights were derived from semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed substantial enhancements in the AI group across all measured dimensions in comparison to the control group. Additionally, the AI group demonstrated a significant surge in motivation levels. Learners in the AI group reported positive attitudes toward AI-based instruction, citing improvements in engagement, autonomy, and confidence in their writing. The platform also fostered greater self-regulation and personalized learning experiences, which participants found effective and enjoyable. The findings emphasize the efficacy of AI-based writing platforms in enhancing linguistic proficiency and motivational levels among EFL learners. The study provides practical insights for incorporating AI technologies into writing instruction, encouraging educators to leverage such tools for more effective and engaging language learning practices.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ НА МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ПЕРЕКРЕСТКАХ: ВМЕСТО ПРЕДИСЛОВИЯ
Authors: КОНОВАЛОВА И.Г.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются ключевые проблемы современной исторической географии, связанные с пространственным поворотом в гуманитарной науке, а также обсуждаются перспективы междисциплинарного взаимодействия между представителями исторического и географического научных сообществ.

The article addresses the key issues of modern historical geography associated with the spatial turn in the humanities, and discusses the prospects for interdisciplinary interaction between the historical and geographical research communities
ПЕРИКЛ, ЛАМАХ И ПОНТ ЕВКСИНСКИЙ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ И ОНОМАСТИКА: О ПОЛЬЗЕ КОМБИНИРОВАННОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДАННЫХ
Authors: СУРИКОВ И.Е.
Published: January 2025

Автор предпринимает попытку показать, что при комбинированном использовании ономастические данные могут внести ясность в ряд спорных проблем исторической географии. В качестве примера выбрана понтийская экспедиция Перикла (ок.437436гг. до н.э.). В результате привлечения данных ономастики установлено следующее: 1.Флот Перикла, несомненно, побывал в Северном Причерноморье. 2.Дополнительно подтверждается афинское присутствие в Нимфее и выявляется посещение флотом Перикла Пантикапея. 3.Херсонес Таврический оказывается безусловно существующим на момент экспедиции таким образом, любые мнения о более позднем его основании должны быть отвергнуты.

The article demonstrates that the combined use of onomastic data can clarify some disputed problems of historical geography. The author takes Pericles Pontic expedition (ca. 437436 BC) for an example. As a result of the use of onomastic data, it is possible now to state that: 1)Pericles fleet undoubtedly visited the Northern Black Sea region 2)additional confirmations appear of the Athenians presence in Nymphaeum, as does the first firm evidence of the visit of Pericles fleet to Panticapaeum 3)Chersonesos Taurica was no doubt in existence by the time of the expedition any arguments for its later foundation must be rejected.
ВОЗВРАЩЕНИЕ ИЛИ РАЗВОРОТ? τὸ πέρας τῆς ἀνακομιδῆς В «ПЕРИПЛЕ ЭРИТРЕЙСКОГО МОРЯ» (3: 1. 12‒15)
Authors: БУХАРИН М.Д.
Published: January 2025

Двухсотлетие исследования Перипла Эритрейского моря до сих пор не выявили значение одного из базовых понятий торговой терминологии его безымянного автора: . Практически все исследователи трактовали это понятие как конечный пункт возвращения из плавания и относили его к Беренике. Анализ расстояний, приведенных автором Перипла , показал, что под данным понятием следует понимать пункт разворота, а не возвращения, который следует локализовать в современном Анфайлском заливе (The Anfile Bay). Это означает, что один из путей морской торговли, описанных в Перипле , не пересекал Баб эль-мандебский пролив.

Two hundred years of studies of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea have not revealed the meaning of one of the basic concepts of the trade terminology used by its anonymous author: . Practically all interpreters of the text treated it as an indication of the final point on the way back, i.e. Berenice. However, analysis of the distances between the ports shows that this concept means a turn (i.e. the beginning of the way back) rather than a point of return, and should be placed in the modern Anfile Bay. This means that one of the trade routes described in the Periplus did not cross the modern strait of Bb al-Mandab.
ЭСХАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕОГРАФИЯ В IX ВЕКЕ:КОНЕЦ ЗЕМЛИ И ОБРАЩЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕДНИХ НАРОДОВ
Authors: ЧЕКИН Л.С.
Published: January 2025

Возрожденная как в Византии, так и на латинском Западе идея империи привела к новому осознанию пространственного мира и вновь оживила эсхатологические ожидания, согласно которым пространственное расширение христианства до концов земли приблизит и временной конец мира. Сравнительное изучение свидетельств о обращении хазар в иудейскую веру (Христиан из Ставло), о миссии Ансгария к свеонам (Римберт) и о так называемом первом крещении руси (в Окружном послании патриарха Фотия) добавляет новое измерение соперничеству между церквями во второй половине IX века. Они устремлялись к последнему пределу христианской миссии, к концам земли , в результате создавая этнографическую карту региона, известного в наше время как Восточная и Северная Европа.

The revival of the imperial idea both in Byzantium and in the Latin West resulted in a new awareness of the spatial world and renewed eschatological expectations. The spreading of the Gospel to the spatial ends of the earth was supposed to bring about the temporal end of the world. A comparative study of records about the conversion of Khazars to Judaism (by Christian of Stavelot), about St. Ansgars mission to the Swedes (by Rimbert) and about the so called First Baptism of Rus (in the Circular Letter of Patriarch Photius) adds a new dimension to the famous rivalry between the Eastern and Western Churches in the second half of the ninth century. They were competing for the last frontier of the Christian mission, the ends of the Earth, and thus creating a new ethnographic map of what is known today as Eastern and Northern Europe.
ИНОСТРАНЦЫ В ПРИАМУРЬЕВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕXVIII – НАЧАЛЕ XIX ВЕКА:В ПОИСКАХ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ ТОРГОВОГО И МИССИОНЕРСКОГО ПРОНИКНОВЕНИЯ В ЦИНСКУЮ ИМПЕРИЮ ИЗ РОССИИ
Authors: ПОСТНИКОВ А.В.
Published: January 2025

Европейцы, особенно англичане, очень интересовались практически неизвестными до того землями и теми драматическими событиями, которые на них развернулись благодаря соприкосновению двух великих империй Российской и Цинской, завершившемуся заключением Нерчинского договора и отторжением левобережья Амура от России. Создалась новая геополитическая ситуация, в которой англичане усматривали для себя возможность освоения более короткого, чем океанический, сухопутного пути в Китай и проникновения в эту весьма закрытую для внешнего мира империю с черного хода для усиления в ней своего торгового и политического присутствия. Помимо рассмотрения этой важнейшей геополитической составляющей, анализ трудов иностранных путешественников в Забайкалье позволяет выявить недостаточно или предвзято освещавшиеся в отечественной (и, особенно, советской) литературе вопросы взаимоотношений русского и туземного населения, миссионерской деятельности Русской Православной церкви, организации и функционирования системы сибирских тюрем и ссылки.

Europeans, especially the English, were heavily interested in the previously unknown regions of Siberia and in the dramatic events, which developed there due to the encounter of the two great powers, Russia and China and led to the Treaty of Nerchinsk of 1689 and Russias loss of the left bank of the Amur. In this new geopolitical situation, the English were inclined to see an opportunity of reaching China by land, which would be faster than the sea route that they had had to use before. Besides their geopolitical content, the foreign travelers writings offer important new data about Russian-native relations, the history of the missionary activities of the Russian Orthodox Church, and the development of the system of exile, prisons, and camps in Siberia.
К ВОПРОСУ О «ЛИЧНОСТИ ИРЛАНДИИ»:ИСТОРИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ОБРАЗЫ ОСТРОВА В РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАХ КОНЦА XIX – НАЧАЛА XXI ВЕКОВ
Authors: КОРАНДЕЙ Ф.С.
Published: January 2025

Цель работы анализ устойчивых приемов географической характеристики в книгах по ирландской истории и географии. Тривиальное для географа суждение о том, что в основе регионального анализа лежит синтез данных, полученных опосредованным путем, а региональное описание является не только отражением реальности, но и генерализацией, справедливо и для больших форм историографии. Необходимость определить территориальные рамки сочинения ставит перед историком такую же задачу регионализации, как и перед географом. В работе исследуется географический образ как устойчивое представление о территории, формируемое в результате взаимодействия иных географических понятий. В рассмотренных случаях представление об Ирландии как о географическом единстве формировалось через посредство: I) идеи исторической провинции II)последовательности политико-географических образов конкретного путешествия III) картины ландшафта острова, привязанной к определенной эпохе и данной в соотнесении с другими подобными историческими срезами IV) системы из двух островов, позволяющей охарактеризовать культурно-историческую специфику одного из них путем сопоставления с другой частью архипелага V) подобной же системы, но построенной на географических оппозициях, намеченных внутри самого острова.

This paper examines standard approaches to geographical description in published geographies and histories of Ireland. The use of the regional method implies indirect observation, generalization, and intellectual construction. It is true of geographical narratives and historiography. The geographer and the historian face the same problem of regionalization when they define the territorial framework for their study. The article considers geographical image as a stable representation of territory based on other geographical concepts. The idea of Ireland as a historical-geographical entity was shaped by i)the concept of historical provinces ii)the sequence of spatio-political images of travels iii)the metonymical transfer from the picture of a typical landscape to the conception of the whole country iv)the juxtaposition of the two islands and v)spatial oppositions within the island.
РЕКОМЕНДУЕМЫЕ ФОРМАТЫ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИХ КАРТ УЕЗДА И ВОЛОСТИ (СТАНА) СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ РОССИИ XIII–XVII ВЕКОВ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ВЗВАДА, ВОЛОКА ЛАМСКОГОИ МОСКОВСКИХ ВОЛОСТЕЙ ВОРЯ И ПЕХОРКА)
Authors: ЧЕРНОВ С.З.
Published: January 2025

В статье, опираясь на результаты конкретных историко-археологических исследований, автор предлагает формат схемы уезда, содержащей изображение входящих в него волостей (станов), а также формат карты волости (стана) XIII-XVII вв. в масштабе 1:25000. На примере волости Воря Московского уезда и Сестринского стана Волоцкого уезда демонстрируется, какие именно реалии и объекты могут быть отражены на этих картах.

The author offers some patterns which may be used by scholars to make historical maps in 1:25000 scale. These patterns are as follows: a format for an uezd map that consists of volosti (stany), and a format for a volost (stan) in the 13th 17th centuries. The article is based on the results of specific historical and archeological studies. Using the example of Voria volost of Moscow uezd and Sestrinskii stan of Volok uezd, the author demonstrates which realities and objects may be represented on such maps.
К МЕТОДИКЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МИКРОТОПОГРАФИИ СЕЛЬСКИХ ПОСЕЛЕНИЙ (ОПЫТ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ЭТНОГРАФИИ)
Authors: ТУТОРСКИЙ А.В.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются выработанные отечественной этнографической наукой методики исследования микротопографии сельских поселений. Досередины XXв. не существовало единой терминологии в области исследования микрогеографии сельских поселений. В 1953 г. М.В.Витовым было предложено выделять четыре направления микрогеографических исследований: исследование типов поселений , типов заселения , форм поселений и типов расселения. Взаключительном разделе статьи приводятся примеры изучения взаимосвязи этничности и форм поселений, форм расселения и общинной организации, исторической динамики трансформации типов заселения.

The article analyzes different types of rural settlements, as described in Russian ethnographical science. Before the 1950s, different approaches did not correlate with each other (works by Fenomenov, Kuftin, Cheboksarov). In 1953 Mikhail Vitov proposed four aspects of researching rural settlements 1) the study ofsocio-economic types of settlements 2)thestudy oftypes of land occupation, focused on the settlements relation to the landscape 3) the study of settlement forms, focused on the topographic makeup of settlements 4) the study of types of settling, which is focused on the relations ofthe settlement to other settlements.
Evidence of Increased Cutaneous Neocollagenesis with Collagen Biostimulators and Bioidentical Estrogen Hormone Replacement in Menopausal Women
Authors: Santos Rafael de Lima , Lima Raiane Cardanha de , Amorim Wellington Aparecido Farina de , Maciel Rodrigo Tavares , Reis Kelli de Fátima dos , Telini Antonio Henrique Soares , Barbério Arthur Camargo , Marini Danyelle Cristine
Published: January 2025

Menopause brings a series of transformations to a woman's body due to hormonal changes that occur during this period, particularly affecting the skin by causing dryness, itching, wrinkles, and sagging. Currently, new aesthetic treatment options for the skin of menopausal women are emerging. Among them, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, which involves the replacement of hormones with a molecular structure identical to those produced by the human body, and collagen biostimulators, which are injectable substances that stimulate the natural production of collagen in the skin, present themselves as a solution.This study is a integrative review aimed at identifying scientific evidence on the use of collagen biostimulators and bioidentical estrogen hormone replacement in increasing collagen in the skin of menopausal women. For the research, the platforms PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used. The IBSP SS software was selected for the presentation of the descriptive analysis of the articles. Seventeen articles related to the topic were found. The conclusion is that there is not enough scientific evidence to prove the increase in neocollagenesis in the skin of menopausal women with collagen biostimulators and bioidentical estrogen hormone replacement.