bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potencialidades, Limites e Desafios ao Desenvolvimento Territorial Local: Reflexões a partir de uma Experiência com Moeda Social em Uberlândia (MG)
Authors: Marques do Prado Tanure Tarik , Costa van Herk Vasconcelos Andrea
Published: May 2024

Compreender como se configuram as potencialidades, os limites e desafios ao desenvolvimento territorial local para a economia popular solidária a partir de uma experiência com moeda social em Uberlândia (MG) é o objetivo geral deste artigo. A pesquisa bibliográfica aplicada a um estudo de caso foi a metodologia. Verificou-se que o empreendimento congrega valores e princípios da economia – popular e solidária. A moeda social Pólen representa uma potencialidade, pois estimula toda a cadeia produção-comercialização-consumo. Contudo, desafios que ocorren no bojo de um sistema hegemonico vigente, representam limites, exigindo elevado grau de engajamento coletivo.
Saved by the bell? The effect of schooling on crime against women
Authors: Rezzieri Marchezini Beatriz , Yukie Kuwahara Mônica , Polato e Fava Ana Claudia
Published: May 2024

O Brasil está entre os cinco países com altas taxas de homicídios femininos. Cerca de um terço desses homicídios ocorrem dentro de casa. A maioria dos estudos investiga a relação entre educação e a criminalidade do ponto de vista do criminoso. Nossa proposta destaca os efeitos da escolaridade de homens e mulheres sobre a taxa de homicídios femininos. Realizamos uma análise de painel com 645 municípios do estado mais rico do Brasil, São Paulo, de 2003 a 2018. Os resultados indicam que um aumento de um ponto percentual na escolaridade masculina diminui a taxa de homicídio feminino em 0,27 pontos percentuais. A escolaridade feminina diminui essa taxa em 0,21 pontos percentuais. Encontramos ambos os efeitos em municípios pequenos, onde as taxas de matrícula escolar são menores, e nos grandes, onde as taxas de homicídios femininos são maiores.
Transformações no mercado de trabalho brasileiro durante os anos 2010: o avanço da informalidade na estrutura ocupacional
Authors: Santos de Oliveira Alanna , Tomás de Oliveira Welber , Dias Braz Douglas
Published: May 2024

Esse trabalho investiga algumas das transformações ocorridas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro ao longo da década de 2010, sobretudo as mudanças em sua estrutura ocupacional, empregando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (Pnad-C), de 2012 a 2019. Historicamente, esse mercado apresenta elevado padrão de segmentação com significativa informalidade. Entre 2000 e 2014, o Brasil registrou trajetória de redução do desemprego com aumento da formalização, mas a partir da crise econômico-política (2015-2016) e com a Reforma Trabalhista de 2017, nota-se nova inflexão, resultando em modificações na estrutura ocupacional, com aumento da informalidade, precariedade e desigualdade intrafuncional.
PENGAMALAN AYAT-AYAT AL-QUR’AN DALAM AMALIAH DZIKIR AL-MA’TSURAT DI PPTQ AR-ROUDHOH PUTRI BOTORAN TULUNGAGUNG: STUDI LIVING QUR’AN
Authors: Fatimatuzzahro' Nurushofa
Published: May 2024

Penelitian kali ini membahas mengenai ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an dalam amaliah dzikir di Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz al-Qur’an Ar-Roudhoh Putri Botoran Tulungagung. Tujuan dari penelitian terhadap fenomena sosial tersebut untuk mendeskripsikan sekilas sejarah dan prosesi pengamalan al-Ma’tsurat sehingga mengetahui makna yang terkandung dalam amaliah dzikir ayat-ayat al-Qur’an bagi para pengamalnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian seperti berikut; deskriptif kualitatif dan teori sosial pengetahuan oleh Karl Mannheim, yaitu objektif, ekspresif, dan dokumenter. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini bahwa, tradisi amaliah dzikir al-Ma’tsurat di Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz al-Qur’an Ar-Roudhoh Putri Botoran Timur Tulungagung dilaksanakan setelah melaksanakan shalat subuh dan shalat maghrib secara berjamaah dan dipimpin salah seorang sesuai jadwalnya. Makna pembacaan amaliah dzikir al-Ma’tsurat ini memiliki tiga makna yang sesuai dengan teori penelitian, yaitu makna objektif, ekspresif dan dokumenter. Makna objektif, dari analisa penulis dihasilkan bahwa amaliah dzikir al-Ma’tsurat merupakan salah satu dari beberapa kegiatan yang dilakukan secara rutin oleh para santri dan berusaha diistiqomahkan. Kemudian pada makna ekspresif, ditemukan bahwa para santri meyakini adanya manfaat yang didapatkannya setelah mengamalkan dzikir tersebut. Seiring waktu mereka merasakan manfaatnya dan dapat memahami apa maksud dari diadakannya dzikir tersebut. Sedangkan makna dokumenter, tanpa disadari mereka menjadikan hal tersebut sebagai rutinitas dan tetap diamalkan hingga sekarang.
MELURUSKAN ISLAMOFOBIA MELALUI DIALOG (KRITIK IBRAHIM M. ABU RABI’ PERSEPSI BARAT TERHADAP ISLAM)
Authors: Almas Afiq Fikri Almas
Published: May 2024

Gejala Islamophobia banyak muncul dari orang-orang barat setelah terjadinya serangan terhadap WTC di Amerika Serikat pada 11 September 2001. Selain itu kesenjangan antara cita-cita Islam sebagai agama perdamaian dengan konteks kehidupan Islam yang dipandang oleh barat sebagai agama kekerasan sudah menjadi isu yang muncul dan harus diselesaikan. Penelitian ini dengan metode kualitatif yang berdasarkan sumber kepustakaan terhadap pemikiran Ibrahim M. Abu Rabi yang menawarkan pendekatan dalam kajian keagamaan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui sumber pustaka, dokumen, arsip, dan lain sejenisnya. Beliau menekankan pentingnya kajian Islam melalui pendekatan historis dan sosiologi keagamaan. Melalui pendekatan “historis”,studi dan pendekatan agama yang bersifat empiris-historis-kritis diharapkan mampu mengurangi kadar dan intensitas kekerasan dan ketegangan antara sesama pemeluk agama, tentu tidak juga berpretensi untuk menghilangkan sama sekali. Abu Rabi’ juga merekomendasi pentingnya dialog antara Islam dan Barat. Dialog ini secara tidak langsung akan menghidupkan kembali tradisi intelektual yang bebas, dialogis, inovatif, kreatif sekaligus egaliter antara kedua arah mata angin ini.
Husainnasir
Authors: Amin Kahila Muhammad ad-Dasuki , Nasir Husain , Sabry Muhammad Sadik , Malik Firdaus , Has Muhammad Hadsin
Published: May 2024

Abstract
 In the science of Qiraat, the problem of vowel reading on letters and words in the Qur'an is still much that has not been revealed, both from the aspect of classical and modern scholarly opinions.
This study aims to describe and introduce several rules about the process of occurrence of vowel a/i/u in certain words and verses, which are caused by the presence of letters, hamzah, sukun, and ishmam, including exploring new ways of analyzing the phonology of modern Arabic vowels based on standard generative theory.
This research is literature research. Primary data sources were obtained by al-Našr fi al-Qirā'at al-Islāmiyyah, and several verses of the Qur'an for comparison. Secondary data sources are literature, both in the form of books, journals, and research results related to phonology. Data collection is carried out by documentation techniques, listening, and recording. Data analysis techniques use open coding, then analyzed descriptively using grounded theory.
This study informs about the rule that the variety of vowel punctuation on some verbs in the Qur'an will change according to the readings attributed to the ten Qira'at. The Vowel sign emphasizes the reading of dammah/kasrah). The emphasis mark on nouns requires the insertion of dammah while on verbs and insertion of kasrah. The round distinguishing mark (sifr) is important in turning kasrah into dammah. Both Kasrah and dammah have the property of 'Al, but some of them are distinguished by round marks on dammah and square marks on kasrah. The Vowel sign for classical scholars indicates that the kasrah from the letter "waw" in the verb "qul" moved to the letter "qaf" after hadzf dammah, then "waw" changed to "ya" to correspond to the kasrah in front of it. Modern linguists believe that the dammah of the letter "qaf" can be changed to Kasrah and then "waw" removed, so that the existence of the two kasrahs is merged and becomes a long shaddah
The differences and changes in vowels in phonetics cannot be separated from the debate that exists between classical and modern scholars. This indicates that the problem of qira'at is closely related to diacritical marks that are icons of producing sounds with various characters. This research has implications that having to study Qur'anic verses from a Vowel aspect will require us to see how scholars used to read so that the sounds produced are not only one variant but have a variety of very detailed and interesting reasons to be studied based on modern linguistic theory.
  Vowel; linguistic interpretation; recitation, Qira’at Ten
DAKWAH DAN FENOMENA GERAKAN ISLAM LIBERAL
Authors: Irawan Deni
Published: May 2024

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami fenomena gerakan Islam liberal dan peran dakwah dalam gerakan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemahaman gerakan Islam liberal, tujuan mereka, serta strategi dakwah yang digunakan untuk menyebarkan pemikiran liberal dalam Islam. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan anggota gerakan Islam liberal, analisis dokumen yang terkait dengan gerakan tersebut, dan observasi terhadap kegiatan dan acara gerakan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan interpretatif untuk memahami dinamika gerakan, pemikiran para aktor, dan implikasinya dalam konteks sosial dan agama. Hasil utama dari penelitian ini adalah pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang gerakan Islam liberal dan peran dakwah dalam gerakan tersebut. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa gerakan Islam liberal memiliki tujuan untuk mereformasi pemahaman Islam agar lebih inklusif, toleran, dan relevan dengan perkembangan zaman. Gerakan ini menggunakan berbagai strategi dakwah, seperti penggunaan media sosial, pengajaran agama yang terbuka, dan dialog antaragama, untuk menyebarkan pemikiran liberal dalam Islam. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa gerakan Islam liberal menghadapi tantangan dan kontroversi dalam masyarakat. Beberapa pihak menganggap gerakan ini sebagai bentuk penyimpangan dari ajaran agama yang sebenarnya, sementara yang lain melihatnya sebagai upaya untuk mereformasi pemahaman Islam agar relevan dengan zaman modern. Kontroversi ini menciptakan perdebatan yang sengit di kalangan umat Islam dan masyarakat luas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gerakan Islam liberal merupakan fenomena yang kompleks dan kontroversial. Dakwah memainkan peran penting dalam menyebarkan pemikiran liberal dalam Islam. Gerakan ini menawarkan interpretasi agama yang lebih terbuka dan inklusif, dengan menekankan pada prinsip-prinsip kebebasan berpikir, toleransi, dan pemahaman yang kontekstual terhadap ajaran Islam. Meskipun kontroversial, gerakan ini mencerminkan upaya untuk mereformasi pemahaman Islam agar relevan dengan zaman modern.
BERAGAMA BAHAGIA UNTUK PERDAMAIAN
Authors: Ismail Roni
Published: May 2024

Abstrak
Secara idealitas-normatif, semua agama memuat ajaran damai sehingga berwajah “ramah”. Akan tetapi, secara realitas-historis seringkali agama menampilkan wajah “marah” dijadikan alat permusuhan, kebencian, konflik kekerasan, bahkan perang. Cassanova menyebut ini sebagai janus face atau wajah ganda agama. Para agamawan, praktisi dan akademiki telah melakukan berbagai upaya untuk mengembalikan agama pada idealitasnya sebagai pejuang kedamain, persaudaraan, persatuan, dan kemanusiaan. Ada yang menggagas beragama damai, inklusif, pluralis, dialogis, nusantara, berkemajuan, dan lain-lain. Artikel ini menawarkan beragama bahagia melalui pendekatan psikologi agama sebagai keikutsertaan dalam diskusi fungsi beragama untuk perdamaian, melalui kajian atas teori beragama matang dari William James. Empat kriteria beragama matang James, yaitu: (1) merasakan selalu kehadiran Tuhan dalam hidup, (2) kehadiran-Nya memunculkan kepasrahan kepada Tuhan dan nilai-nilai-Nya, (3) kepasrahan diri memunculkan kebahagiaan, kebebasan, dan hilang ego, dan, (4) mengubah emosi menjadi cinta dan harmoni, merupakan indikator kebahagiaan keagamaan. Orang beragama bahagia tidak mungkin menyakiti, membenci, terlibat permusuhan dan konflik kekerasan atas nama agama, tetapi justru mampu menebar kebahagiaan dan perdamaian kepada sesama. Orang beragama bahagia mampu membangun perdamaian, yaitu: menjaga sakralitas kehidupan dan menjunjung ideal kebahagiaan hidup.
Kata Kunci: Beragama Bahagia, Beragama Matang William James, Perdamaian.
 
Abstract
In the ideal or normative terms, all religions teach the tenet of peace, so that they express a "friendly" face. However, in historical reality, religion often displays an "angry" face and is used as a tool for hostility, hatred, violent conflict, and even war. Cassanova calls this the Janus face or double face of religion. Religious scholars, practitioners and academics have made various efforts to return religion to its ideal face as a power of peace, brotherhood, unity and humanity. Some propose a peaceful, inclusive, pluralist, dialogical, archipelagic, progressive religiosity, and so on. This article offers a happy religion or religiosity through a psychology of religion approach as participation in discussions of religion for peace, through a study of William James' mature religious theory. James' four mature religious criteria are: (1) always feeling God's presence in life, (2) His presence gives rise to surrender to God and His values, (3) self-surrender gives rise to happiness, freedom and loss of ego, and , (4) changing emotions into love and harmony, are indicators of religious happiness. Happy religiousity are unlikely to hurt, hate, get involved in hostility and violent conflict in the name of religion, but are instead able to spread happiness and peace to others. Happy religiosity are able to build peace, namely: maintaining the sacredness of life and upholding the ideal of life's happiness.
 
Keywords: Happy Religiosity, Mature Religion William James, Peace.
Decomposição otimizada de matrizes estruturais de projetos em módulos utilizando algoritmos genéticos
Authors: Silva Guilherme Augusto Capellari da , Gauss Leandro , Piran Fabio Antônio Sartori , Lacerda Daniel Pacheco
Published: May 2024

Com a alta demanda por variedade de produtos, as empresas têm buscado alternativas eficientes para a oferta dessa diversidade. A adoção de projetos de produtos modulares tem sido comum pelas companhias, por isso esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de como decompor, de forma otimizada, matrizes estruturais de projetos em módulos. Para tal, a métrica de modularidade (MI) foi empregada como função objetivo em um algoritmo de otimização evolutiva, e o modelo obtido foi aplicado a estudos existentes na literatura. O método se mostrou uma boa alternativa de decomposição otimizada de matrizes estruturais de projetos em módulos quando comparado às técnicas apresentadas em estudos anteriores. Este trabalho contribui academicamente ao utilizar a métrica MI como função objetivo de um algoritmo de otimização evolutiva. Gerencialmente, entrega uma ferramenta ágil e eficaz para a gestão do dilema variedade-custo enfrentado pelas companhias.
Subprime Impact Crisis. Bibliotheken, Politik und digitale Souveränität
Authors: Siems Renke
Published: May 2024

In nahezu allen Etappen des Forschungszyklus ist eine zunehmende Abhängigkeit von wenigen kommerziellen Anbietern zu sehen, wobei diese Anbieter teils direkt begrenzen, was der Forschung an Arbeitsmöglichkeiten und Fragestellungen erreichbar ist. Hierauf reagieren Politik, Förderer und Governance mit dem Versuch, digitale Souveränität zu stärken. In den konkreten Maßnahmen treffen sie sich dabei mit Konzepten von Open Science, die ebenfalls wissenschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Relevanz bei Sicherung der Wissenschaftsautonomie und Wahlfreiheit zu verbinden suchen. Als zentraler Punkt erweist sich eine Veränderung der Renommeestrukturen, die sich direkt auf die infrastrukturellen Anforderungen wie dem aufgeschwemmten und fehlgeleiteten Publikationswesen auswirkt. Eine Stärkung von Open Science und der digitalen Souveränität in den wissenschaftlichen Infrastrukturen ermöglicht dabei auch verbesserte gesellschaftliche Verpflichtung von Wissenschaft und dadurch, den Einfluss der „Merchants of Doubt“ und der von ihnen betriebenen Wissenschaftsskepsis zurückzudrängen. Dies erfordert auch entsprechende Anstrengungen seitens der Bibliotheken.
A cross-cultural analysis of the gestural pattern of surprise and surprise-disapproval questions
Authors: Giorgi Alessandra , Petrocchi Erika
Published: May 2024

In this article, we address the issue concerning the gestural patterns in expressing surprise and disapproval across various languages and cultures. The results obtained so far point to an interesting, and in a sense rather surprising, uniformity. We consider two types of special questions: counter-expectational questions expressing surprise and surprise-disapproval questions, i.e., sentences expressing surprise with a negative orientation, and adopt an experimental design involving sentence repetition and spontaneous production. We focus on the realization of these sentences in Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese, which we compare with the results previously obtained for Italian and replicated for Neapolitan, Spanish and German. Our research is based on the Minimalist theoretical framework developed by Chomsky and scholars in the tradition of generative grammar.
A contextual theory of fictional names
Authors: Fiorin Gaetano , Delfitto Denis
Published: May 2024

We review some of the most prominent challenges in the semantics and pragmatics of fictional names and propose a pragmatic theory of fictional names whereby understanding a fictional name requires imagining possible contexts of interpretation of the name. Similarly to other pragmatic approaches to fiction and fictional contexts, we maintain that fictional texts require that the interpreter engages in a game of pretense of sort and are, therefore, prescriptions to imagine a state of affairs that is not the real one. In contrast to these approaches, however, we propose that interpreting a fictional text does not require imagining a set of possible state of affairs where the text would be true but, rather, requires imagining a set of possible contexts where the text would be meaningful. In order to apply this framework to fictional names, we adopt a contextual theory of proper names, which we have proposed and defended in previous work.
When cancellation becomes unreasonable
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Graci Roberto
Published: May 2024

Cancellability – one of the most important tests for implicatures – has been attacked from different perspectives, and its reliability challenged by several cases and examples in which conversational implicatures seem to be hard or even impossible to cancel. To account for these phenomena, distinct approaches have been advanced aimed at weakening Grice’s cancellability test. However, what do we exactly mean when we claim that an implicature cannot be cancelled? Grice pointed out that implicatures are triggered by a possible conflict with the cooperativeness principle, and for this reason it is always possible to opt out of the observation thereof. This theoretical possibility needs to be distinguished from the practical problem of explaining why some implicatures are intuitively less cancellable than others, or even not cancellable. To address this latter – practical – dimension of cancellability, the reasoning and the presumptive premises involved in drawing an implicature and justifying its cancellation needs to be represented and evaluated. This approach will be shown to provide a possible instrument for evaluating the reasonableness of cancellability and its costs.
The Poetics and Politics of We-Narration on the Contemporary British Stage
Authors: Birke Dorothee , Hauthal Janine
Published: May 2024

We-narratives are proliferating in the contemporary novel. Constructing a collective subject that cannot be reduced to a singular individual who speaks for the group, they have been hailed by narratologists as remarkable fictional possibilities. This article registers a similar increase of plural narration in contemporary drama and explores how an analysis of the phenomenon’s linguistic dimension can be combined with a consideration of these plays’ orientation towards performance. Drawing on British examples, we chart an intriguing variety of we-narratives and argue that the political potential of these forms of community building lies in their turn away from mimesis and dramatic realism. Rather than merely representing a collective entity on stage, they also forge one in and through performance and frequently unsettle the conventional identification of one voice with one body. Thus, contemporary uses of “we” model the relationship between stage and auditorium in ways that assert, but also interrogate, the potential for community building in the shared space of the theatre.
The Multi-discourse Fight of COVID-19 Vaccine in the World of Digital Platforms: Rethinking Popularity of Anti-intellectualism
Authors: Jidong Li , Ditlhokwa Gopolang
Published: May 2024

This study explored how government institutions used digital platforms to enhance knowledge and share scientific information regarding the development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines by drawing samples from official Twitter accounts in five different countries that were front-runners in vaccine manufacturing. Through content analysis, we selected a total of 243 tweets with 4,678 comments from the five Twitter accounts, and data were categorized into two sets for analysis, the first stage being to assign sentiment scores to all the collected comments from tweets to determine their positivity, negativity, and neutrality. Secondly, we analyzed themes derived from comments and established through the themes that geopolitics has exacerbated the anti-intellectualist logic of viewing science as impractical for the control and prevention of the pandemic leading to the domination of irrational thinking towards vaccine efficacy, the origin of COVID-19, and the undermining of the global health governance on COVID-19 control and management.
A comparison study of artificial intelligence performance against physicians in benign–malignant classification of pulmonary nodules
Authors: Hu Weiguo , Zhang Jie , Zhou Dingyi , Xia Shu , Pu Xingxiang , Cao Jianzhong , Zou Mingzhu , Mao Zhangfan , Song Qibin , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To compare and evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) against physicians in classifying benign and malignant pulmonary nodules from computerized tomography (CT) images.

Methods

A total of 506 CT images with pulmonary nodules were retrospectively collected. The AI was trained using in-house software. For comparing the diagnostic performance of artificial intelligence and different groups of physicians in pulmonary nodules, statistical methods of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. The nodules in CT images were analyzed in a case-by-case manner.

Results

The diagnostic accuracy of AI surpassed that of all groups of physicians, exhibiting an AUC of 0.88 alongside a sensitivity of 0.80, specificity of 0.84, and accuracy of 0.83. The area under the curve (AUC) of seven groups of physicians varies between 0.63 and 0.84. The sensitivity of the physicians within these groups varies between 0.4 and 0.76. The specificity of different groups ranges from 0.8 to 0.85. Furthermore, the accuracy of the seven groups ranges from 0.7 to 0.82. The professional insights for enhancing deep learning models were obtained through an examination conducted on a per-case basis.

Conclusions

AI demonstrated great potential in the benign–malignant classification of pulmonary nodules with higher accuracy. More accurate information will be provided by AI when making clinical decisions.
Kinetic evaluation of the uranyl peroxide synthetic route on morphology
Authors: Abbott Erik C. , Gibb Logan D. , Nizinski Cody A. , Allen Elijah W. , O’Connor Hiram E. E. , McDonald IV Luther W.
Published: May 2024

An important challenge in utilizing particle morphology in nuclear forensic or fuel fabrication applications is understanding why differences in morphologies are observed following varying processing conditions. This is often due to competition and interplay between thermodynamic and kinetic influences. To that end, some of the kinetic influences in the uranyl peroxide precipitation reaction were evaluated and compared to thermodynamic influences studied previously. Metastudtite (UO2O2·2H2O) was synthesized from solutions of uranyl nitrate or chloride, and the reaction time was varied from 100 s to 230 min enabling an evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic influences. The metastudtite was then calcined to U3O8, and all materials were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Analysis by p-XRD confirmed the sample purity of metastudtite and U3O8. SEM images were analyzed using the Morphological Analysis for Materials (MAMA) software to measure the size and shape of the nanoparticles for a statistical comparison between materials. Metastudtite produced at shorter reaction times exhibited a kinetically controlled shape by forming smaller and rounder particles than metastudtite produced at longer reaction times. Metastudtite produced at the longer reaction times exhibited differences between the uranyl nitrate and uranyl chloride routes with the nitrate exhibiting a more angular and faceted morphology than the chloride. Overall, the control of the supersaturation ratio (S) played a significant role in determining the morphology of the metastudtite. Morphological differences between the U3O8 confirmed the role of nanoparticle agglomeration in forming larger sintered particles. The results help demonstrate the importance of understanding particle formation mechanisms in the long-term development of morphology in nuclear forensics or in developing advanced fuels with specific characteristics.
Factores socioeconómicos relacionados con el malestar psicológico de adultos jóvenes de México, Ecuador y España: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Valdiviezo-Oña Jorge , Laso Ortiz Esteban , Paz Clara , Hernández González Eduardo , Macías-Esparza Lidia Karina , Morquecho Güitrón Cecilia
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es explorar las diferencias en el malestar psicológico de adultos jóvenes en función de factores socioeconómicos: sexo, miedo al delito, confianza generalizada, victimización y satisfacción con la democracia. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, exploratorio y descriptivo con 937 participantes de Ecuador, España y México, quienes respondieron el CORE-10 (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-10) y un cuestionario sobre condiciones de vida. Se realizaron análisis no paramétricos de diferencias entre grupos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en Ecuador con los factores victimización indirecta, confianza generalizada y miedo al delito; en España con victimización directa, confianza generalizada y miedo al delito; y en México con sexo, confianza generalizada, miedo al delito y satisfacción con la democracia. Los hallazgos respaldan la idea de que la adversidad psicosocial puede incidir en el bienestar psicológico. Estos resultados pueden tener implicaciones para el diseño de acciones de prevención e intervención que trasciendan una visión biomédica dirigidas a adultos jóvenes.
Efectos de un entrenamiento en respiración diafragmática sobre la actividad autonómica y el estado emocional de universitarios irregulares
Authors: Ruvalcaba Palacios Gerardo , Cantú Sánchez Claudia Marcela , Ruvalcaba Galván Xiomara Yiritza
Published: May 2024

El entrenamiento en respiración es útil para modificar el estado emocional y autonómico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la respiración diafragmática sobre la actividad autonómica y el estado emocional de universitarios irregulares. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico y sin grupo control, se realizó un entrenamiento en relajación. Se midieron variables emocionales (ansiedad, depresión y estrés) y autonómicas (conductancia galvánica de la piel [CGP] y frecuencia cardiaca [FC]) para comparar los registros antes y después del entrenamiento. La intervención promovió decrementos significativos en los niveles de depresión (t = 5.559, gl = 28, p < 0.001), así como de ansiedad y estrés (t = 6.432, gl = 28, p < 0.001). La CGP también disminuyó (t = 2.327, gl = 28, p = 0.027), pero no la FC (t = 0.405, gl =28, p = 0.689). Es decir, las personas estaban menos estresadas, aunque no más relajadas. La respiración diafragmática es eficaz para el control emocional y el funcionamiento autonómico de universitarios irregulares.
Probabilistic Forecasts of Atmospheric River events using the HRRR Ensemble
Authors: ENGLISH JASON M , BYTHEWAY JANICE L. , TURNER DAVID D , DOWELL DAVID C , ALCOTT TREVOR I. , CIFELLI ROBERT
Published: May 2024

The nine-member High-Resolution Rapid Refresh Ensemble (HRRRE) is evaluated for its ability to forecast five Atmospheric River (AR) events that impacted California in February–March 2019. Two sets of retrospective HRRRE simulations are conducted, a control with the standard set of perturbations (initial and boundary conditions, stochastic parameters, and physics tendency), and an experiment with initial and boundary perturbations only. Reliability plots suggest the HRRRE control represents the observed Stage IV precipitation frequency well at 6-h to 24-h lead times, and rank histograms suggest the ensemble is slightly underdispersive. The HRRRE overpredicts precipitation frequency at the higher (25 mm) threshold. These results suggest the HRRRE is a useful tool to quantify probabilistic forecasts of AR events in this region. Removing stochastic physics perturbations did not substantially impact probabilistic forecasts, suggesting most of the ensemble spread is from initial and boundary condition perturbations. Spatially, ensemble precipitation coefficient of variance is lower (less forecast uncertainty) over the Sierra Nevada range than other regions, suggesting that these ensemble perturbations have a smaller impact on precipitation processes occurring over the Sierra Nevada range. More work should be conducted to understand the impacts of other model perturbations, such as microphysics, on ensemble performance, and to improve Stage IV accuracy with frozen precipitation in mountainous regions.
Dysregulated Cholinergic Signaling Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Maturation Following Demyelination
Authors: Ravichandar Roopa , Gadelkarim Farah , Muthaiah Rupadevi , Glynos Nicolas , Murlanova Kateryna , Rai Nagendra K. , Saraswat Darpan , Polanco Jessie J. , Dutta Ranjan , Pal Dinesh , Sim Fraser J.
Published: May 2024

Dysregulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) recruitment and oligodendrocyte differentiation contribute to failure of remyelination in human demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Deletion of muscarinic receptor enhances OPC differentiation and remyelination. However, the role of ligand-dependent signaling versus constitutive receptor activation is unknown. We hypothesized that dysregulated acetylcholine (ACh) release upon demyelination contributes to ligand-mediated activation hindering myelin repair. Following chronic cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination (male and female mice), we observed a 2.5-fold increase in ACh concentration. This increase in ACh concentration could be attributed to increased ACh synthesis or decreased acetylcholinesterase-/butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-mediated degradation. Using choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) reporter mice, we identified increased ChAT-GFP expression following both lysolecithin and CPZ demyelination. ChAT-GFP expression was upregulated in a subset of injured and uninjured axons following intraspinal lysolecithin-induced demyelination. In CPZ-demyelinated corpus callosum, ChAT-GFP was observed in Gfap+astrocytes and axons indicating the potential for neuronal and astrocytic ACh release.BChEexpression was significantly decreased in the corpus callosum following CPZ demyelination. This decrease was due to the loss of myelinating oligodendrocytes which were the primary source of BChE. To determine the role of ligand-mediated muscarinic signaling following lysolecithin injection, we administered neostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, to artificially raise ACh. We identified a dose-dependent decrease in mature oligodendrocyte density with no effect on OPC recruitment. Together, these results support a functional role of ligand-mediated activation of muscarinic receptors following demyelination and suggest that dysregulation of ACh homeostasis directly contributes to failure of remyelination in MS.
Synapse-Specific Trapping of SNARE Machinery Proteins in the Anesthetized
Drosophila
Brain
Authors: Hines Adam D. , Kewin Amber B. , Van De Poll Matthew N. , Anggono Victor , Bademosi Adekunle T. , van Swinderen Bruno
Published: May 2024

General anesthetics disrupt brain network dynamics through multiple pathways, in part through postsynaptic potentiation of inhibitory ion channels as well as presynaptic inhibition of neuroexocytosis. Common clinical general anesthetic drugs, such as propofol and isoflurane, have been shown to interact and interfere with core components of the exocytic release machinery to cause impaired neurotransmitter release. Recent studies however suggest that these drugs do not affect all synapse subtypes equally. We investigated the role of the presynaptic release machinery in multiple neurotransmitter systems under isoflurane general anesthesia in the adult female
Drosophila
brain using live-cell superresolution microscopy and optogenetic readouts of exocytosis and neural excitability. We activated neurotransmitter-specific mushroom body output neurons and imaged presynaptic function under isoflurane anesthesia. We found that isoflurane impaired synaptic release and presynaptic protein dynamics in excitatory cholinergic synapses. In contrast, isoflurane had little to no effect on inhibitory GABAergic or glutamatergic synapses. These results present a distinct inhibitory mechanism for general anesthesia, whereby neuroexocytosis is selectively impaired at excitatory synapses, while inhibitory synapses remain functional. This suggests a presynaptic inhibitory mechanism that complements the other inhibitory effects of these drugs.
The Power and Performativity of Naming
Authors: Ito Takashi
Published: May 2024

In 1906, the Mikado pheasant, an endemic bird of Taiwan, was discovered as a new species by a British collector. As the creation of this new species was based solely on the examination of tail feathers, it generated excitement among ornithologists and aviculturists, sparking a series of expeditions to collect complete specimens. By following the trajectory of these endeavors and subsequent attempts to reclassify, propagate, and protect the bird, this article explores the power and performativity of scientific naming in both global and colonial contexts. The act of writing and publishing a species description is performative in that it creates a new species by assigning a scientific name that allows it to gain recognition within the scientific community and beyond. It also served to create and maintain the ornithological community—the idealized virtual community of ornithologists, bird collectors, and aviculturists. The history of the Mikado pheasant is part of a larger scientific effort to establish the comprehensive knowledge of the family Phasianidae, which motivated aspiring Japanese ornithologists to exert their acquired knowledge over the avifauna of the Japanese empire. These processes interacted during a time when zoological nomenclature was becoming accessible to non-Western zoologists. The discovery of the Mikado pheasant was the result of a colonial enterprise involving the British and Japanese empires, which converged on the interior of Taiwan and involved the Indigenous people who had settled in the mountain regions. The enduring legacy of the Mikado pheasant’s naming still resonates today.
Becoming Visible
Authors: Pannhorst Kerstin
Published: May 2024

Systematic entomology as the study and ordering of insect biodiversity is a material-based practice that relies on insect bodies as a resource. Especially large amounts of insect specimens were collected and traded globally in the decades surrounding the turn of the twentieth century, often relying on colonial infrastructures. Taking colonial-era Taiwan as a case study, this paper asks under which circumstances specific places became collecting sites. It takes a series of articles on the insect fauna of the island as a point of departure, titled H. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute after the German naturalist who sent the specimens around the world in the early twentieth century. It explores how collecting specimens was entangled with colonial infrastructure projects, insect policies, and forest-based industries. After Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, newly constructed railways, including push car lines and logging trains, gave naturalists access to inner frontiers. Conversely, insects moved into the spotlight by disrupting these same infrastructures. A rush into the mountains was brought on by the island’s abundance in old growth forests, as evergreen trees such as camphor laurels became valuable export resources. The location of insect collecting sites was determined not just by ecological factors but by forest-based industries and colonial policies as well. As ancient trees were felled and aboriginal peoples violently displaced, insect collectors followed colonial infrastructures into the mountains, resulting in what a German entomologist called the “mass fabrication” of articles about Taiwan’s insect fauna.
War on Extinction
Authors: Szczygielska Marianna
Published: May 2024

Situated efforts to combat species extinction mobilize a network of institutional and logistical interventions, as well as politicized ideas about indigeneity and belonging. This article maps out the knowledge exchange and circulation of animal bodies between the Zoological Garden in Poznań and the forest reserve in Białowieża during the interwar period in Poland as part of the state-building project. A focus on the reintroduction of the wisent (Bison bonasus) and the back-breeding of the tarpan wild horse (Equus ferus ferus) exposes the biopolitical logistics of infrastructuring wildlife in the age of nationalism. Through these two breeding projects, animal bodies emerge at the interface between zoological and war logistics, demonstrating how biological life becomes the target of military intervention via species conservation. Looking closely at the efforts to restore the populations of extinct and extant representatives of local megafauna, this article highlights the renewed interest in native species as an accessible resource for recrafting institutional and national identities. By analyzing the logistical strategies of a marginal zoological collection in relation to a nature reserve in the last primeval forest of Europe, it traces how these strategies impacted both local and global scientific research and its popularization. Not only does such a shared institutional history reveal the itineraries of knowledge production but also the ways in which war has shaped nature management.
Wrinkles Formation and Origins: From Theory of Web Handling to Coating Pilot Scale Experimentation
Authors:   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2 (Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers), Le Gallic Florian , Teil Maxime ,   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2 (Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers), Viguié Jérémie ,   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2 (Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers), Martin Céline ,   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2 (Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers), Passas Raphaël ,   Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LGP2 (Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers)
Published: May 2024

When coating lightweight grade paper with aqueous coating color, wrinkles could appear on roll to roll coating system. This study is conducted from fundamental and theoretical point of view to laboratory experiments. The impact of water content will be taken in count. It has been experimentally observed that the appearance of wrinkles during a coating process on a roll to roll pilot depends on different parameters: web tension; misalignment angle; the coefficient of friction between the roll and the side of the paper in contact; the water content in the paper that appears to favour the wrinkles formation. Moreover, this work highlights the impact of discretisation of the variable represented wrinkles number i on the prediction model. Initial tests of the use of DIC during a tensile test have been carried out. These initial tests are very promising and the development of this technique is currently being developed. The perspective of this work is the improvement of the DIC study on the formation of out-of-plane displacement during the coating process. It can reduce the cost of non-conformities and thus reduce the waste of raw materials.
Risk factor determinants and comparison of supervised machine learning algorithms to predict head and neck cancer
Authors: A Alok , Shanker Rama , Rastogi Manoj Kumar , Vidyarthi Ajay , Kumar Arun
Published: May 2024

Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) has emerged as a major public health concern in India. The Indian state Bihar, which ranks fourth in the total number of new cancer cases, head and neck cancer is the second most common cancer and has an increasing trend. The application of machine learning (ML) in disease diagnosis is increasing gradually. With this background, an attempt has been made to determine the risk factors and compare the performance of different variants of supervised ML algorithms for HNC prediction. The study confirms that poor oral hygiene, tobacco, alcohol and human papilloma virus (HPV) infections are the significant risk factor for HNC occurrence in Bihar. In comparison to all the variants of supervised machine learning algorithm, Random Forest showed maximum accuracy. This study will beneficial in medical decision support systems.
Effect of polymaleic acid on saline sodic soils
Authors: Taddese Girma
Published: May 2024

Saline-sodic soils in Middle Awash Valley area of Ethiopia have very high soluble sodium content and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Leaching soluble salts with water alone could not fasten reclamation of these soils. Because all pore spaces of the soil were already sealed off with precipitated soluble salts; which retarded percolation of leaching water to the soil. Hence, Polymaleic acid was tested under controlled pot leaching under laboratory condition. The treatments were control (leaching with water only), 10, 20, 30 and 40ml polymaleic acid per kilogram of soil. Each treatment was replicated four times. As a result of leaching and polymaleic acid application to the saline - sodic soil, the ECe of the soil was was drastically reduced as the rate of polymaleic acid rate was increased. At the end of leaching, soluble cation and anions were also drastically decreased as compared to the control treatment. Hence, polymaleic acid soil conditioner could be used as an amendment for reclamation of high saline - sodic soils.
Bio energy to power rural sector in Indian scenario
Authors: Kaur Perminder Jit
Published: May 2024

Various developing countries have initiated a move towards shift towards dependence on renewable sources of energy not only for various farm based activities but also domestic consumption. Traditional source of energy are animal dung, agricultural waste, coal and kerosene oil. Looking at low thermal efficiency of these sources, biomass energy has emerged as a most suitable alternative. The paper presents an overview of needs of a rural sector. Present status of renewable energy is mentioned. Scope of bio energy to empower rural sector has been discussed. Challenges faced by the sector have been elaborated along with future scope of the same.
Nutrient input and output in an agro forestry system in a semiarid region of Brazil
Authors: Mendes Marlete Moreira de Sousa , de Lacerda Claudivan Feitosa , Fernandes Francisco Éden Paiva , Cavalcante Ana Clara Rodrigues , de Oliveira Teógenes Senna
Published: May 2024

Alternatives to traditional agricultural farming practices that combine production and environmental conservation, such as agroforestry systems, are currently being studied. This study aimed to quantify the contribution of trees to nutrient input and output in crops grown in an agrosilvopastoral system in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará State, Brazil. Nutrient concentrations were quantified in shade and sun leaves of Cordia oncocalyx Allemão (called pau-branco) trees in the rainy and dry seasons and in maize leaves at the time of harvest. Nutrient concentrations in different soil layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm) were also quantified at 0.4 and 4.0 m from the trunk of C. oncocalyx trees. The contribution of the trees to the nutrient input to the system and nutrient output due to the removal of maize plants were also assessed. The soil under the canopy of C. oncocalyx showed the highest concentrations of total N, K, P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. However, few differences were noted in the concentrations of maize leaf nutrients as a function of the distance from the trunk. The trees may contribute up to 35kg ha-1 Ca, 19kg ha-1 N and 15kg ha-1 K, whereas approximately 2.3kg N, 5.6kg K and 0.2kg Ca leave the system with the removal of maize plant shoots. Therefore, maintaining trees in production systems significantly contributes to replenishing the nutrients lost from harvesting crops.
Assessment of the status of lake afdera in the danakil depression; afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Abraham , Tessema Misikire , Shitaw Takele , Beyene Birhanu , Asmamaw Berhan
Published: May 2024

Lake Afdera is a supper saturated saline Lake located in the Danakil Depression, lying below a sea level with the lowest point at –120m. It is a major source of salt extraction in Ethiopia, where the Lake water is pumped to saltpans for solar evaporation. This study was conducted to generate basic information on the impacts of salt mining on the Lake ecology and its biotic resources as well as the surrounding hot springs. Purposive sampling method with semi-structured questionnaire, and focus group discussions were used to generate data. Results indicated that excessive water pumping, pollution, deforestation of lakeshore vegetation and climate change are the most important threats to the Lake and its biodiversity. Majority of the respondents are aware of the negative impact of salt extraction on the Lake and its biodiversity. Because of the absence of lack of awareness and alternative sources of livelihood, however, they still are comfortable to continue business as usual. The absence of active roles of the government and NGOs engaged in the areas of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity has contributed for over-exploitation and misuse of the resources in the area. Therefore, conducting regular awareness raising and environmental education activities, adoption of restrictive use of resources as well as creating alternative livelihoods and selected nature reserves at carefully selected Lakeshores are of paramount importance to save the Lake and its biodiversity before its eventual demise.