bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family violence homicide rates: a state-wide comparison of three data sources in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Sarkar Reena , Dipnall Joanna F , Bassed Richard , Ozanne-Smith AO Joan
Published: December 2021

Background

Family violence homicide (FVH) is a major public health and social problem in Australia. FVH trend rates are key outcomes that determine the effectiveness of current management practices and policy directions. Data source–related methodological problems affect FVH research and policy and the reliable measurement of homicide trends.

Objective

This study aimed to determine data reliability and temporal trends of Victorian FVH rates and sex and relationship patterns.

Method

FVH rates per 100,000 persons in Victoria were compared between the National Coronial Information System (NCIS), Coroners Court of Victoria (CCoV) Homicide Register, and the National Homicide Monitoring Program (NHMP). Trends for 2001–2017 were analysed using Joinpoint regression. Crude rates were determined by sex and relationship categories using annual frequencies and Australian Bureau of Statistics population estimates.

Results

NCIS closed FVH cases totalled 360, and an apparent downward trend in the FVH rate was identified. However, CCoV and NHMP rates trended upwards. While NCIS and CCoV were case-based, NHMP was incident-based, contributing to rate variations. The NCIS-derived trend was particularly impacted by unavailable case data, potential coding errors and entry backlog. Neither CCoV nor NHMP provided victim-age in their public domain data to enable age-adjusted rate comparison.

Conclusion

Current datasets have limitations for FVH trend determination; most notably lag times for NCIS data.

Implications

This study identified an indicative upward trend in FVH rates in Victoria, suggesting insufficiency of current management and policy settings for its prevention and control.
The Achievement Motivation Enhancement Curriculum: Evaluating an Affective Intervention For Gifted Students
Authors: Desmet Ophélie A. , Pereira Nielsen
Published: December 2021

The present qualitative pilot study aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions of procedures and outcomes from an affective intervention to increase achievement motivation among gifted students. The intervention was implemented at a summer program with 20 students. Using inductive analysis, participants’ perceptions of the intervention and its effects were evaluated. This study’s findings show most students enjoyed the Achievement Motivation Enhancement sessions and felt they benefited from talking about their experiences with peers in small groups. Students discussed improved self-perceptions and said they benefitted from learning goal valuation, goal-setting, and self-regulation strategies. Implications are discussed.
Rothia mucilaginosa bacteremia, meningitis leading to diffuse cerebritis in an adolescent patient undergoing acute myeloid leukemia chemotherapy causing significant morbidity
Authors: Robertson Rachel Dena , Panigrahi Arun , Cheema Ritu
Published: December 2021

Infections with Rothia mucilaginosa are rare. We present an unusual case of Rothia mucilaginosa in an immunocompromised host, which is usually considered a low virulence pathogen. The objective of this report is to highlight spectrum of clinical presentations in an immunocompromised individual and discuss various antimicrobial treatment options in the light of lack of definitive treatment guidelines for this organism.
Regular and Irregular Variable Questions in New Testament Greek
Authors: Estes Douglas
Published: December 2021

The formation of variable questions in direct speech is remarkably regular in Hellenistic Greek. There are, however, a few exceptions to the standard rule that the Greek New Testament exhibits. These exceptions occur for rhetorical and social reasons and in such a way that they affect the information structure and meaning of these interrogatives. Questions that follow the rule—and the exceptions—both evidence the regularity of word order in New Testament Greek.
Reading Ruth as an Akan Story: A Proposal for an Alternative Akan Mother-Tongue Translation of Ruth 1.1
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: December 2021

One of the key steps in interpreting a biblical text is to identify its literary genre correctly. It is important for Bible translators to ensure that the translated text takes account of the genre of the source text and that an appropriate genre from the receptor culture is employed. The book of Ruth is generally recognized as a story. Yet, the translation of Ruth 1.1 into three Akan dialects—Asante, Akuapem, and Fante—does not introduce what follows in the book as a story and so Akan readers may not correctly interpret Ruth as a story. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines storytelling elements in the book of Ruth through a discourse analysis and then offers an alternative Akan translation of Ruth 1.1 that will lead to an improved interpretation and appropriate application of the message of the book.
Barriers to eHealth adoption in routine antenatal care practices: Perspectives of expectant mothers in Uganda – A qualitative study using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model
Authors: Namatovu Hasifah Kasujja , Oyana Tonny Justus , Sol Henk Gerard
Published: December 2021

Current empirical evidence suggests that successful adoption of eHealth systems improves maternal health outcomes, yet there are still existing gaps in adopting such systems in Uganda. Service delivery in maternal health is operating in a spectrum of inadequacy, hence eHealth adoption cannot ensue. This study set out to explore the challenges that impede eHealth adoption in women's routine antenatal care practices in Uganda. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was employed to document challenges. These challenges were classified based on a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology constructs. One hundred and fifteen expectant mothers, aged between 18 and 49 years, who spoke either English or Luganda were included in the study that took place between January to May 2019. Thematic analysis using template analysis was adopted to analyse qualitative responses. Challenges were categorised based on five principal unified theories of acceptance and use of technology constructs namely: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and behavioural intention. Facilitating conditions had more influence on technology acceptance and adoption than the other four constructs. Specifically, the lack of training prior to using the system, technical support, computers and smart phones had a downhill effect on adoption. Subsequently, the cost of data services, internet intermittency, and the lack of systems that bridge the gap between mothers and health providers further hindered technology uptake. In conclusion, strategies such as co-development, training end-users, garnering support at the national and hospital levels should be advocated to improve user acceptance of technology.
(Nearly) Ten Years of Social Media and Political Elections in Italy: Questions, Platforms, and Methods
Authors: Rossi Luca , Righetti Nicola , Marino Giada
Published: December 2021

In this article, we reconstruct the academic discourse surrounding social media and elections in an Italian context. We follow Neumayer and Rossi’s conceptualization of academic discourse concerning political protest and digital technology as constructed out of three components: (a) the social phenomena under investigation, (b) technological development, and (c) methods and techniques. In the context of social media and elections, these three components may be identified as (a) the research questions that researchers seek to answer, (b) the social media platforms and data used for the analysis, and (c) the methods adopted to analyze the data. While these three dimensions are deeply intertwined, we argue that, when analyzed independently, it is possible to better see both the longitudinal evolution of each dimension and their interdependencies.
Extraregional Migratory Flows in Transit as Complex Unbounded Emergency (Risk): Conceptual Challenges and Empirical Lessons in Costa Rica
Authors: Méndez Juan C.
Published: December 2021

Recent migratory flows transiting through Central America have led to unprecedented institutional and humanitarian responses across the sub-region. Between 2015 and 2016, the small Central American countries and Costa Rica in particular experienced at least two major “migration waves,” triggered by thousands of “extraregional migrants” in transit from Cuba, Haiti, and many countries from Asia and Africa who became stranded for months in Central America. The article examines how these recent and unusual migratory flows led to novel state responses, including the use of disaster risk management principles and operational mechanisms. Based on empirical data from Costa Rica, the article explores how the concept and notion of complex unbounded emergency (risk) may be appropriate in understanding the practical implications of this new migratory reality in terms of disaster risk reduction and management. It aims to shed new insights on the complexities of extraregional migratory flows, which are likely to continue into the foreseeable future.
EMG Activity With Use of a Hands-Free Single Crutch vs a Knee Scooter
Authors: Dewar Cuyler , Grindstaff Terry L. , Farmer Brooke , Sainsbury Morgan , Gay Sam , Kroes Weston , Martin Kevin D.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Foot and ankle injuries frequently require a period of nonweightbearing, resulting in muscle atrophy. Our previous study compared a hands-free single crutch (HFSC) to standard axillary crutches and found increased muscle recruitment and intensity while using the HFSC. Knee scooters are another commonly prescribed nonweightbearing device. The purpose of this study is to examine the electromyographic (EMG) differences between an HFSC and knee scooter, in conjunction with device preference and perceived exertion.

Methods:

A randomized crossover study was performed using 30 noninjured young adults. Wireless surface EMG electrodes were placed on the belly of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and gluteus maximus (GM). Participants then ambulated along a 20-m walking area while 15 seconds of the gait cycle was recorded across 3 conditions: walking with a knee scooter, an HFSC, and with no assistive device. Mean muscle activity and peak EMG activity were recorded for each ambulatory modality. Immediately following testing, patient exertion and device preference was recorded.

Results:

The RF, LG, and GM showed increased peak EMG activity percentage, and the LG showed increased mean muscle activity while using the HFSC compared with the knee scooter. When comparing the knee scooter and HFSC to walking, both showed increased muscle activity in the RF, VL, and LG but no difference in the GM. There was no statistical difference in participant preference, whereas the HFSC had a statistically significant higher perceived exertion than the knee scooter ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

In this group of young, healthy noninjured volunteers, the HFSC demonstrated increased peak EMG activity in most muscle groups tested compared with the knee scooter.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Aberrant expression of CD54 detected by flow cytometry is a characteristic of B-lymphoma cells in bone marrow specimens
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yan , Ali Haval , Zhao Linjun , Mei Di , Hu Wenqing , Jiang Bin
Published: December 2021

Background

Flow cytometry (FC) is a popular method to detect bone marrow (BM) involvement in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). The majority of screen panels of FC still rely on finding monoclonal B-cells, e.g., B-cells with immunoglobin (Ig) light-chain restriction, which has many limitations. Therefore, exploring new markers is warranted.

Methods

A total of 52 cases of B-NHL with BM involvement were collected. The median age was 60 years. Out of these 52 cases, 34 were male, and 18 were female. A 10-color FC panel was used to detect the expression of CD54 on lymphoma cells. The expression of CD54 was calculated as the mean fluorescence index ratio (MFIR) and was described as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).

Results

Up to 18/52 (34.62%) of BM specimens abnormally expressed an increased level of CD54, including 1/10 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), 9/13 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 2/14 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL), 5/9 cases of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), and 1/3 cases of high-grade B-NHL (HG B-NHL). The expression level of CD54 was significantly increased in MCL cases (53.41 ± 11.04) compared with CLL/SLL cases (11.66 ± 2.79) and FL cases (13.49 ± 2.81). The lowest percentage of CD54-positive B-cells attained 0.13%. In 5/9 cases of MZL and 1/3 cases of HG B-NHL, increased expression of CD54 was the only abnormal immunophenotype detected besides Ig light-chain restriction. No aberrant CD54 expression was identified by FC in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) (0/2) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) (0/1) cases. Aberrant expression of CD54 was not related to plasma cell differentiation.

Conclusion

Lymphoma cells, especially in MCL and MZL cases, frequently show increased expression of CD54. Such aberrant expression is not related to plasma cell differentiation. We highly recommend adding CD54 to the FC screening panel to detect BM involvement in patients with B-NHL.
Association study of a genetic variant in the long intergenic noncoding RNA (linc01080) with schizophrenia in Han Chinese
Authors: Qi Yi , Wei Yaxue , Yu Fengyan , Lin Qianxing , Yin Jingwen , Fu Jiawu , Xiong Susu , Lv Dong , Dai Zhun , Peng Qian , Wang Ying , Zhang Dandan , Wang Lulu , Ye Xiaoqing , Lin Zhixiong , Lin Juda , Ma Guoda , Li Keshen , Luo Xudong
Published: December 2021

Background

Schizophrenia is currently considered to be a polygene-related disease with unknown etiology. This research will verify whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the long intergenic noncoding RNA01080 (linc01080) contributes to the susceptibility and phenotypic heterogeneity of schizophrenia, with a view to providing data support for the prevention and individualized treatment of this disease.

Method

The SNP rs7990916 in linc01080 were genotyped in 1139 schizophrenic and 1039 controls in a Southern Chinese Han population by the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (imLDR) technique. Meanwhile, we assessed and analyzed the association between this SNP and schizophrenics’ clinical symptoms, and the cognitive function.

Result

There was no significant difference in genotype distribution, allele frequency distribution, gender stratification analysis between the two groups. However, the SNP of rs7990916 was significantly associated with the age of onset in patients with schizophrenia (P = 8.22E-07), patients with T allele had earlier onset age compared with CC genotype carriers. In terms of cognitive function, patients with T allele scored lower than CC genotype carriers in the Tower of London score and symbol coding score in the Brief assessment of Cognition (BACS), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.014, P = 0.022, respectively).

Conclusion

Our data show for the first time that linc01080 polymorphism may affect the age of onset and neurocognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
Indicators for dental appointment scheduling in primary health care: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Melo Estêvão Azevedo , Probst Livia Fernandes , Guerra Luciane Miranda , Tagliaferro Elaine Pereira da Silva , De-Carli Alessandro Diogo , Pereira Antonio Carlos
Published: December 2021

Background

Integrated dental services within the Health System, particularly at primary health care, are crucial to reverse the current impact of oral diseases, which are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide. However, the use of dental services is determined by complex phenomena related to the individual, the environment and practices in which care is offered. Therefore, factors associated with dental appointments scheduling can affect positively or negatively the use of dental services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators for dental appointment scheduling in Primary Health Care (PHC).

Methods

The present is a cross-sectional analytical study that used data from the external assessment of the third cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB), carried out between 2017 and 2018, in Brazil. The final sample consisted of 85,231 patients and 22,475 Oral Health teams (OHTs). The outcome variable was the fact that the user sought for a dental appointment at the Primary Health Care Unit. A multilevel analysis was carried out to verify the association between individual variables (related to users) and contextual variables (related to the OHTs) in relation to the outcome.

Results

Only 58.1% of the users interviewed at these Primary Health Care Units seek the available dental care. The variables with the greatest effect on the outcome were the patient’s age up to 42 years old (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.96–2.10), at individual level, and ‘oral health teams that assisted no more than a single family health team (FHT)’ (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.23–1.36) at contextual level. Other variables were also associated with the outcome, but with a smaller effect size.

Conclusion

In conclusion, users’ age and work process of OHT were indicators for dental appointment scheduling. Our results suggest that when OHT put the National Oral Health Policy guidelines into practice, by assisting only one FHT, the chance for PHC users seeking dental appointments is higher than OHTs that assist more than one FHT. Regarding age, patients aged up to 42 years are more likely to seek an appointment with a dentist.
Evaluation of intraventricular flow by multimodality imaging: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mutluer Ferit Onur , van der Velde Nikki , Voorneveld Jason , Bosch Johan G. , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W. , van der Geest Rob J. , Hirsch Alexander , van den Bosch Annemien
Published: December 2021

Background

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate current inter-modality agreement of noninvasive clinical intraventricular flow (IVF) assessment with 3 emerging imaging modalities: echocardiographic particle image velocimetry (EPIV), vector flow mapping (VFM), and 4-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow CMR).

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review in the databases EMBASE, Medline OVID and Cochrane Central for identification of studies evaluating left ventricular (LV) flow patterns using one of these flow visualization modalities. Of the 2224 initially retrieved records, 10 EPIV, 23 VFM, and 25 4D flow CMR studies were included in the final analysis.

Results

Vortex parameters were more extensively studied with EPIV, while LV energetics and LV transport mechanics were mainly studied with 4D flow CMR, and LV energy loss and vortex circulation were implemented by VFM studies. Pooled normative values are provided for these parameters. The meta- analysis for the values of two vortex morphology parameters, vortex length and vortex depth, failed to reveal a significant change between heart failure patients and healthy controls.

Conclusion

Agreement between the different modalities studying intraventricular flow is low and different methods of measurement and reporting were used among studies. A multimodality framework with a standardized set of flow parameters is necessary for implementation of noninvasive flow visualization in daily clinical practice. The full potential of noninvasive flow visualization in addition to diagnostics could also include guiding medical or interventional treatment.
Computational method for solving weakly singular Fredholm integral equations of the second kind using an advanced barycentric Lagrange interpolation formula
Authors: Shoukralla E. S. , Saber Nermin , Sayed Ahmed Y.
Published: December 2021

In this study, we applied an advanced barycentric Lagrange interpolation formula to find the interpolate solutions of weakly singular Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The kernel is interpolated twice concerning both variables and then is transformed into the product of five matrices; two of them are monomial basis matrices. To isolate the singularity of the kernel, we developed two techniques based on a good choice of different two sets of nodes to be distributed over the integration domain. Each set is specific to one of the kernel arguments so that the kernel values never become zero or imaginary. The significant advantage of thetwo presented techniques is the ability to gain access to an algebraic linear system equivalent to the interpolant solution without applying the collocation method. Moreover, the convergence in the mean of the interpolant solution and the maximum error norm estimation are studied. The interpolate solutions of the illustrated four examples are found strongly converging uniformly to the exact solutions.
Initial dispersal behavior and survival of non-native juvenile Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in South Florida
Authors: Pittman Shannon E. , Bartoszek Ian A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Dispersal behavior is a critical component of invasive species dynamics, impacting both spatial spread and population density. In South Florida, Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) are an invasive species that disrupt ecosystems and have the potential to expand their range northward. Control of python populations is limited by a lack of information on movement behavior and vital rates, especially within the younger age classes. We radio-tracked 28 Burmese pythons from hatching until natural mortality for approximately 3 years. Pythons were chosen from 4 clutches deposited by adult females in 4 different habitats: forested wetland, urban interface, upland pine, and agricultural interface.

Results

Known-fate survival estimate was 35.7% (95% CI = 18% - 53%) in the first 6 months, and only 2 snakes survived 3 years post hatching. Snakes moving through ‘natural’ habitats had higher survival than snakes dispersing through ‘modified’ habitats in the first 6- months post-hatching. Predation was the most common source of mortality. Snakes from the agricultural interface utilized canals and displayed the largest net movements.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that pythons may have lower survival if clutches are deposited in or near urbanized areas. Alternatively, juvenile pythons could quickly disperse to new locations by utilizing canals that facilitate linear movement. This study provides critical information about behavioral and life history characteristics of juvenile Burmese pythons that will inform management practices.
Paedomorphosis in the Ezo salamander (Hynobius retardatus) rediscovered after almost 90 years
Authors: Okamiya Hisanori , Sugime Ryohei , Furusawa Chiharu , Inoue Yoshihiro , Kishida Osamu
Published: December 2021

Although paedomorphosis is widespread across salamander families, only two species have ever been documented to exhibit paedomorphosis in Hynobiidae. One of these two exceptional species is Hynobius retardatus in which paedomorphosis was first reported in 1924, in specimens from Lake Kuttara in Hokkaido. This population became extinct after the last observation in 1932; since then, no paedomorphs of this species have been reported anywhere. Here, we report the rediscovery of paedomorphs of this species. Three paedomorph-like male salamanders were collected from a pond in the south Hokkaido in December 2020 and April 2021; in size, these specimens were similar to metamorphosed adults but they still displayed larval features such as external gills and a well-developed caudal fin. An artificial fertilization experiment demonstrated that they were sexually compatible with metamorphosed females, thus, confirming them to be paedomorphs. Future efforts to find additional paedomorphs in this and other populations are required to assess the prevalence of paedomorphosis in H. retardatus and to improve understanding of the ecology and evolution of paedomorphisis in Urodela.
Cervical musculoskeletal impairments in migraine
Authors: Liang Zhiqi , Thomas Lucy , Jull Gwendolen , Treleaven Julia
Published: December 2021

Background

Neck pain is common and disabling amongst individuals with migraine. Cervical musculoskeletal interventions are often sought but there is currently no evidence to support such interventions for this population. Improved understanding of how cervical musculoskeletal impairments present in migraine can elucidate neck pain mechanisms and guide clinicians and researchers in the management of patients with migraine and neck pain.

Main body

Migraine hypersensitivity is a major consideration when assessing for cervical impairments as it can aggravate migraine and confound findings. Current evidence of cervical impairments in migraine is limited by disregard for the different underlying causes of neck pain and possible influence of hypersensitivity. Findings of cervical musculoskeletal impairments are mixed within and across studies, indicating that different forms of neck pain are present in migraine. Some migraineurs have neck pain that is part of the migraine symptom complex and therefore exhibit little or no cervical musculoskeletal impairment. Others have a cervical source of neck pain and therefore exhibit a pattern of cervical musculoskeletal impairments akin to that of cervical disorders. The presence of cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction may or may not be related to migraine but knowledge of this is currently lacking which impacts decision making on management. Cervical musculoskeletal interventions may be indicated for migraineurs with identified cervical dysfunction but other factors requiring further clarification include determination of i) patient specific outcomes, ii) impact of co-existing migraine referred neck pain, and iii) potential moderating effects of migraine hypersensitivity on treatment efficacy.

Conclusions

Physiotherapists should seek a combination of cervical impairments through skilful assessment to identify if cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction is present or not in individual patients. The relevance of cervical dysfunction to migraine and influence of co-existing migraine referred neck pain need to be established through detailed evaluation of pain behaviours and further research. Future clinical trials should define expected treatment outcomes and select individuals with cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction when investigating the efficacy of cervical musculoskeletal interventions.
Use of the Cascade expandable net to treat cerebral vasospasm – initial clinical experience from a single centre with in vitro benchside tests
Authors: Bhogal P. , Simpanen T. , Wong K. , Bushi D. , Sirakov M. A. , Sirakov S. , Aggour M. , Makalanda L.
Published: December 2021

Background

The use of self-expanding stents to treat post-hemorrhagic cerebral vasospasm was recently described. We sought to determine the clinical efficacy of the Cascade device to treat delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCV). We performed benchside tests to determine the chronic outward force exerted by the Cascade in comparison to the Solitaire.

Methods

The chronic outward force (COF) of the Cascade M agile and Cascade L Agile was tested with equivalent tests of the Solitaire 4x20mm. Further tests to determine the forces generated in pre-formed tubes of 1.5–6 mm were performed using both fully and partially unsheathed Cascades.

A retrospective review to identify all patients with aSAH and DCV treated with a Cascade device between January 2020 and July 2021. We recorded the treatment arterial vessel diameters and hemorrhagic or ischemic complications.

Results

In vitro the Cascade generated greater radial force than the Solitaire. The force generated by the Cascade M Agile at 1.5 mm was approximately 64% higher than the Solitaire 6x40mm and approximately 350% higher than the Solitaire 4x20mm.

4 patients with DCV were identified all of whom were treated with a cascade device. In all cases there was a significant improvement in the diameter of the vasospastic vessels treated with an average diameter increase of approximately 300%. There were no complications from the Cascade. Delayed CT angiography showed persistent dilatation of the segments treated with the Cascade at 24 h.

Conclusion

The Cascade is a safe and effective device when used to treat DCV secondary to aSAH. Larger studies are required to validate our initial results.
Transfer learning for deep neural network-based partial differential equations solving
Authors: Chen Xinhai , Gong Chunye , Wan Qian , Deng Liang , Wan Yunbo , Liu Yang , Chen Bo , Liu Jie
Published: December 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently shown great potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). The success of neural network-based surrogate models is attributed to their ability to learn a rich set of solution-related features. However, learning DNNs usually involves tedious training iterations to converge and requires a very large number of training data, which hinders the application of these models to complex physical contexts. To address this problem, we propose to apply the transfer learning approach to DNN-based PDE solving tasks. In our work, we create pairs of transfer experiments on Helmholtz and Navier-Stokes equations by constructing subtasks with different source terms and Reynolds numbers. We also conduct a series of experiments to investigate the degree of generality of the features between different equations. Our results demonstrate that despite differences in underlying PDE systems, the transfer methodology can lead to a significant improvement in the accuracy of the predicted solutions and achieve a maximum performance boost of 97.3% on widely used surrogate models.
Nutritional assessment and rehabilitation in children with bronchiectasis and childhood interstitial lung diseases: effects on pulmonary functions and clinical severity
Authors: Alsharkawy Asmaa , Fouda Eman , Mujahed Asmaa , Elgendy Yasmin
Published: December 2021

Background

Nutrition is recognized as a modifiable contributor to bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases (ChILD) development and progression. Nutritional interventions have great potential in reducing respiratory illness related morbidity and mortality. The study was done to assess nutritional state and body composition of children with bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases (ChILD) and to study the effect of short course nutritional intervention program on their growth, clinical symptoms, pulmonary functions and frequency of acute exacerbations and hospitalization. Seventeen patients with bronchiectasis and thirteen patients with interstitial lung diseases and 40 healthy children as controls were enrolled. Nutritional status, chest symptoms, anthropometry, body composition, and spirometric pulmonary function were evaluated. A short course nutritional intervention program was done for patients and then they were re-evaluated.

Results

In total, 56.67% of studied patients were moderately malnourished and 23.33% were severely malnourished. A total of 66.7% of studied patients were underweight and 50% of patients had stunted growth. Anthropometric indices were significantly lower than control groups (P < 0.05). Body composition indices were lower in patients than control but not with a statistical significance. Forced vital capacity was positively correlated to body mass index (P = 0.045). Nutritional rehabilitation significantly improved patient anthropometry (weight, body mass index, height, triceps skin-fold thickness, mid arm circumference), body composition (body fat, fat free mass, and muscle mass), respiratory symptoms, and FEV1. Needs to asthma rescue medications, school absence, acute exacerbation attacks, and hospitalization were reduced.

Conclusion

Patients with bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases (ChILD) have malnutrition and body composition changes that improved significantly after short nutritional intervention program with significant improvement in FEV1, frequency of acute exacerbations, and hospitalization.
Erratum: Why is the ground-state electron configuration for lithium 1s22s?
Authors: Stacey W. , Marsiglio F.
Published: December 2021

Original article:
EPL, 100 (2012) 43002.
Comparison of a Nasal Mask and Traditional Nasal Cannula During Intravenous Anesthesia for Gastroscopy Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Dong Xu , Yang Hui , Wu Xi Ping , Niu Wang , Ding Lin , Zeng Huo Lin , Li Qian
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:

Hypoxemia can occur during gastroscopy under intravenous anesthesia. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether oxygenation using a nasal mask can reduce the incidence of hypoxemia during gastroscopy under intravenous anesthesia compared with a traditional nasal cannula.

METHODS:

A total of 574 patients scheduled for gastroscopy under intravenous anesthesia were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either a nasal mask or a traditional nasal cannula for oxygenation. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of severe hypoxemia, duration of hypoxemia, minimum oxygen saturation, the proportion of emergency airway management, length of procedure, recovery time, and the satisfaction of the anesthetist and gastroenterologists as well as other adverse events (including cough, hiccups, nausea and vomiting, reflux, aspiration, and laryngospasm).

RESULTS:

A total of 565 patients were included in the analysis: 282 patients in the nasal cannula group and 283 patients in the nasal mask group. The incidence of hypoxemia was lower in the nasal mask group (18.0%) than in the nasal cannula group (27.7%; relative risk [RR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.89; P = .006), and the hypoxemia lasted a median of 18.0 seconds (interquartile range, 10.0–38.8) in the nasal mask group and 32.5 seconds (20.0–53.5) in the nasal cannula group (median difference –14.50; 95% CI, −22.82 to −1.34; P = .047). The proportion of patients requiring emergency airway management was significantly lower in the nasal mask group (8.8%) than in the nasal cannula group (19.1%; RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30–0.73; P < .001). No difference was found in the overall incidence of other adverse events between the 2 groups (nasal mask 20.8%; nasal cannula 17.0%; RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.87–1.73; P = .25). Satisfaction was higher with the nasal mask than with the nasal cannula from the perspective of anesthetists (96.1% for nasal mask versus 84.4% for nasal cannula; RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20; P < .001) and gastroenterologists (95.4% for mask versus 81.9% for cannula; RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10–1.24; P < .001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of severe hypoxemia, minimum oxygen saturation, length of procedure, or recovery time between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Nasal mask oxygenation reduced the incidence of hypoxemia during anesthesia for gastroscopy under intravenous anesthesia.
Fractionation of Averrhoa bilimbi hexane extract corresponding to brown adipocytes stimulation
Authors: Hamzah Mohamad Faiz , Amanah Azimah , Lau Wai Kwan
Published: December 2021

Averrhoa bilimbi is a fast-growing tree widely found in countries of tropical Asia. Due to easy accessibility and traditional knowledge, various parts of this plant are adopted as folk medicine and a natural health remedy. Recently, beneficial effects of bilimbi in combating obesity including its potential antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic activities have been discovered. This paper reports the successive isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from the leaf of bilimbi that corresponds to brown adipocyte activation. Bilimbi ethanolic extract underwent bioassay-guided partitioning and fractionation. The n-hexane partition exhibited highest brown adipogenesis potential via adipomyocytes differentiation. Further isolation of this active partition yielded 10 fractions. Active fractions with the highest brown adipogenesis potential were further evaluated via the adipomyocytes assay. Chemical structures of the constituents were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Major phytocomponents in the n-hexane partition include hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)- and squalene.
AXIN-AMPK signaling: Implications for healthy aging
Authors: Mallick Avijit , Gupta Bhagwati P.
Published: December 2021

The energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) and the master scaffolding protein, AXIN, are two major regulators of biological processes in metazoans. AXIN-dependent regulation of AMPK activation plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during glucose-deprived and energy-stressed conditions. The two proteins are also required for muscle function. While studies have refined our knowledge of various cellular events that promote the formation of AXIN-AMPK complexes and the involvement of effector proteins, more work is needed to understand precisely how the pathway is regulated in response to various forms of stress. In this review, we discuss recent data on AXIN and AMPK interaction and its role in physiological changes leading to improved muscle health and an extension of lifespan. We argue that AXIN-AMPK signaling plays an essential role in maintaining muscle function and manipulating the pathway in a tissue-specific manner could delay muscle aging. Therefore, research on understanding the factors that regulate AXIN-AMPK signaling holds the potential for developing novel therapeutics to slow down or revert the age-associated decline in muscle function, thereby extending the healthspan of animals.
Interplay among positive and negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition, and functional outcome in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia: a network analysis
Authors: Charernboon Thammanard
Published: December 2021

Background: Schizophrenia has a broad range of interrelated symptoms and impairment in functioning. The objective of the study was to explore the interplay between positive symptoms, negative symptoms, neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia using network analysis.

Methods: Participants were 64 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Psychopathologic, neurocognition, social cognition, and functional outcome were measured using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III, Faces test, Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, and Personal Social Performance scale.

Results: The network analysis suggested that functional outcome was the most central in the network followed by avolition and asociality. Functioning was directly connected to avolition, asociality, blunted affect, neurocognition and emotion recognition. The positive symptoms were the most remote and therefore the least important node.

Conclusion: The high centrality of functioning suggests the need for improving of everyday life skills for patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, treatment of specific negative symptoms, neurocognition and emotion recognition could also enhance functional outcome.
Hobotnica: exploring molecular signature quality
Authors: Stupnikov Alexey , Sizykh Alexey , Favorov Alexander , Afsari Bahman , Wheelan Sarah , Marchionni Luigi , Medvedeva Yulia
Published: December 2021

A Molecular Features Set (MFS), is a result of a vast diversity of bioinformatics pipelines. The lack of a “gold standard” for most experimental data modalities makes it difficult to provide valid estimation for a particular MFS's quality. Yet, this goal can partially be achieved by analyzing inner-sample Distance Matrices (DM) and their power to distinguish between phenotypes.

The quality of a DM can be assessed by summarizing its power to quantify the differences of inner-phenotype and outer-phenotype distances. This estimation of the DM quality can be construed as a measure of the MFS's quality. 

Here we propose Hobotnica, an approach to estimate MFSs quality by their ability to stratify data, and assign them significance scores, that allow for collating various signatures and comparing their quality for contrasting groups.
Linking family planning market census data with consumer experiences in three countries: the Consumer’s Market for Family Planning study protocol and data
Authors: Conlon Mark , Buyungo Peter , Njogu Julius , Nwala Anthony , Gibbs Susannah , Wheatley Nkemdiri ,   CM4FP Group
Published: December 2021

Background: The Consumer’s Market for Family Planning (CM4FP) project was designed to address limitations of existing family planning (FP) data sources that prevent a full understanding of the total FP market. CM4FP data provide a picture of the complete supply environment and how consumers experience it.

Study objectives were to 1) test a ring-fenced census approach consisting of an outlet census in a defined geographical area and a household survey in a smaller inner ring, to comprehensively map the total FP market in a local geography; 2) explore FP supply market dynamism through longitudinal data collection from contraceptive outlets; and 3) test a methodology for directly linking household and outlet data to measure the relationship between contraceptive demand and supply.

Methods: Data were collected from study sites in Nigeria, Kenya, and Uganda from 2019 to 2020. Longitudinal outlet census data and repeated cross-sectional household survey data from women ages 18-49 were collected at three quarterly time points. Outlets were located in an outer ring geography to encompass locations likely visited by women sampled from a smaller inner ring. Data from women who received a contraceptive method in the past 12 months were linked to data for the outlet from which they received the method.

Results: Datasets include product audits for 22,380 individual FP products, collected from a total of 1,836 outlets across 12 study sites. The datasets also contain data from 11,536 female respondents, of whom 1,975 were successfully matched to the outlet where they most recently obtained their method.

Conclusions: CM4FP data are available at www.cm4fp.org. This unique dataset enables in-depth exploration of the family planning supply market in addition to interactions between the market and consumer perspectives and behaviors within each study site. The data can also be used to explore novel methodologies to inform future study designs.
Do differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa save money? Synthesis of evidence from field studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa in 2017-2019
Authors: Rosen Sydney , Nichols Brooke , Guthrie Teresa , Benade Mariet , Kuchukhidze Salome , Long Lawrence
Published: December 2021

Introduction: “Differentiated service delivery” (DSD) for antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV is rapidly being scaled up throughout sub-Saharan Africa, but only recently have data become available on the costs of DSD models to providers and patients. We synthesized recent studies of DSD model costs in five African countries.

Methods: The studies included cluster randomized trials in Lesotho, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe and observational studies in Uganda and Zambia. For 3-5 models per country, studies collected patient-level data on clinical outcomes and provider costs for 12 months, and some studies surveyed patients about costs they incurred. We compared costs of differentiated models to those of conventional care and identified drivers of cost differences. We also report patient costs of seeking care.

Results: The studies described 22 models, including facility-based conventional care. Of these, 13 were facility-based and 9 community-based models; 15 were individual and 7 group models. Average provider cost/patient/year ranged from $100 in Zambia to $187 in Zimbabwe, in both cases for facility-based conventional care. Conventional care was less expensive than any other model in the Zambia observational study, more expensive than any other model in Lesotho, Malawi, and Zimbabwe, and in the middle of the range in the Zambia trial and the observational study in Uganda. Models incorporating 6-month dispensing were consistently less expensive to the provider per patient treated. Savings to patients were substantial for most models, with patients’ costs roughly halved.

Conclusion: In five field studies of the costs of DSD models for HIV treatment, most models within each country had relatively similar costs, except for 6-month dispensing models, which were slightly less expensive. Most models provided substantial savings to patients. Research is needed to understand the effect of DSD models on the costs of ART programmes as a whole.
Międzynarodowy kontekst relacji polsko-bułgarskich w latach 1990–2007. Analiza dokumentów dostępnych w Archiwum MSZ RP
Authors: Czernicka Marzena
Published: December 2021

Przedmiotem badań jest współpraca polsko-bułgarska prowadzona w latach 1990–2007. Podstawą analizy są dokumenty archiwalne pozyskane w Archiwum MSZ RP w 2018 r. Relacje obu państw z tego okresu zostały przeanalizowane ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kontekstu międzynarodowego tych relacji. W początkowym okresie istniała różnica w stopniu zaawansowania współpracy polsko-bułgarskiej w obszarze polityki i gospodarki. Dużo łatwiej i szybciej rozwijała się współpraca polityczna. W relacjach dwustronnych nie było żadnych kwestii spornych. Tym co w późniejszych latach ułatwiało Polsce i Bułgarii współpracę, była zbieżność celów i priorytetów w polityce wewnętrznej i polityce zagranicznej obu państw.
Increasing the motivation of future professionals in the culture and arts industry to use information technologies in professions activity
Authors: Apshay Fedir
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the concepts of "motivation" and "motive", analyzes the experience of domestic and foreign experts in the formation of the concepts of "learning motivation" and "professional motivation". It is proposed to introduce methods of stimulating and motivating educational and cognitive activities: the formation of cognitive interest, methods of stimulating duty and responsibility in learning. In the course of the research a system of motivation of future professionals in the culture and arts industry was developed, which was used in teaching computer science disciplines.

The motivation of future professionals in the culture and arts industry to use information technology in professional activities was determined by the results of a pedagogical experiment on a developed scale: internal motivation, external positive motivation, external negative motivation. The participants of the experiment noted the greater influence of external positive motivation and its transformation into internal motivation.

Based on the results of the questionnaire, the necessary conditions for successful mastering of information technologies were outlined: internal stable motivation for the expediency of using ICT in education; availability of modern technical means; availability of software and teaching materials; a set of knowledge, skills and abilities to use information technology in future professional activities.

The results obtained during the formative stage of the pedagogical experiment give grounds to state the possibility of increasing the motivational complex of professional activity of future professionals in the culture and arts industry to use ict in case of creating favorable pedagogical conditions. in general, the satisfaction of the future professionals in the culture and arts industry professional activity is the higher, the more optimal his motivational complex - high weight of internal and external positive motivation and low weight of external negative motivation.

By processing statistical data, the SPSS program revealed differences in the indicators of internal and external motivation of future specialists professionals in the culture and arts industry of the experimental group, which confirmed that external positive motives are more effective and desirable than external negative.