bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O espaço na geografia e o espaço da arquitetura: reflexões epistemológicas
Authors: Leitão Lucia , Lacerda Norma
Published: November 2016

Resumo A geografia e a arquitetura constituem duas áreas do conhecimento, cujos respectivos corpos disciplinares se debruçam, aparentemente, sobre o mesmo objeto – o espaço. Esse é o ponto de partida destas notas teóricas, cujo objetivo é chamar a atenção para certas distinções epistemológicas nas aludidas áreas. Para tanto, na primeira parte, ressalta-se que, apenas a partir da década de 1970, o conceito de espaço se tornou alvo de análise crítica explícita por parte dos geógrafos, e anunciam-se possíveis diferenciações desse conceito, em confronto com a formulação teórica do espaço arquitetônico. Na segunda parte, indicam-se as especificidades teórico-metodológicas que definem o espaço arquitetural. Espera-se que as reflexões ora apresentadas contribuam para a minimização de possíveis confusões epistemológicas.
Influência da hipermobilidade articular generalizada sobre a articulação temporomandibular e a oclusão dentária: estudo transversal
Authors: Chiodelli Lais , Pacheco Andrielle de Bitencourt , Missau Taiane Secretti , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da , Corrêa Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues
Published: November 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a oclusão dentária e a articulação temporomandibular de mulheres com e sem hipermobilidade articular generalizada. Método A hipermobilidade foi avaliada pelo Escore de Beighton, e as voluntárias foram distribuídas, conforme o escore obtido, em dois grupos: com e sem hipermobilidade. A articulação temporomandibular foi avaliada por meio do instrumento Critérios de Diagnóstico para Pesquisa de Desordens Temporomandibulares, e a avaliação oclusal compreendeu a classificação de Angle, presença de sobremordida, sobressaliência e mordida cruzada, padrão de desoclusão e interferências oclusais. Resultados 43 mulheres participaram voluntariamente da pesquisa, 17 no grupo com hipermobilidade e 26 no grupo sem hipermobilidade. A frequência de ruídos articulares e de desvio na abertura da boca foi maior no grupo com hipermobilidade (52,9% versus 38,5% e 76,5% versus 50%, respectivamente), sem diferença significante. Quanto à oclusão, nenhuma voluntária apresentou uma oclusão ideal e não se verificou diferença significativa na Classe de Angle entre os grupos. As alterações na oclusão obtiveram percentual maior no grupo com hipermobilidade (29,4% de sobremordida, 47,1% de sobressaliência e 17,6% de mordida cruzada), sendo que a mordida cruzada apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos. Conclusão A hipermobilidade não influenciou a oclusão e as amplitudes de movimentos mandibulares nas mulheres avaliadas. Contudo, o maior percentual de ruídos articulares e de desvio não corrigido apresentado pelo grupo com hipermobilidade, mesmo sem diferença entre os grupos, pode constituir um indício de relação entre hipermobilidade e disfunção temporomandibular.
Índice de desvantagem vocal em cantores populares e eruditos profissionais
Authors: Loiola-Barreiro Camila Miranda , Silva Marta Assumpção de Andrada e
Published: November 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar o índice de desvantagem vocal em cantores populares e eruditos profissionais de acordo com gênero, idade, tempo de atuação profissional e presença ou ausência de queixa vocal autorreferida. Método Participaram 132 cantores profissionais, 74 populares e 58 eruditos, que preencheram questionário com os dados: idade, gênero, tempo de experiência profissional no canto, gênero musical (cantores populares), classificação vocal (cantores eruditos), presença de queixa vocal autorreferida, além dos protocolos específicos para canto popular (Índice de Desvantagem Vocal para o Canto Moderno - IDCM) e erudito (Índice de Desvantagem Vocal para o Canto Clássico - IDCC). Resultados Houve maior proporção de mulheres e maior ocorrência de queixa vocal nos cantores populares, comparados aos eruditos. A maioria dos populares pertencia ao gênero da música popular brasileira. Quanto à classificação vocal dos eruditos, houve maior participação de sopranos e tenores. Não houve diferença estatística para idade e tempo de canto entre os grupos. Ao comparar os escores de IDCM e IDCC, nos populares e eruditos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre tais escores e o gênero e idade. O tempo de experiência profissional relacionou-se com escores total e subescalas incapacidade e defeito do IDCM, apenas para cantores populares com queixa. Nos eruditos não houve correlação entre essas variáveis e IDCC. Conclusão O impacto da dificuldade/problema vocal interfere de formas diferentes nos dois gêneros musicais, quando relacionados com a queixa vocal e o tempo de atuação profissional. Os protocolos IDCM e IDCC mostraram ser importantes não apenas para a identificação de problemas, mas como ferramenta para a compreensão essencial de como esses sujeitos relacionam a voz com a atividade ocupacional.
Variações espaciais e desigualdades regionais no indicador de mortalidade infantil do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Faria Rivaldo , Santana Paula
Published: November 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as variações espaciais e as desigualdades regionais no indicador de mortalidade infantil do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estudo foi feito considerando os municípios desse estado no período de 2003 a 2012 e tendo em vista a seleção de três dimensões operativas de análise: taxa de mortalidade infantil (TMI) e proporção da população atendida nas Equipes Saúde da Família (PCSF); TMI e proporção de nascidos vivos sem acompanhamento pré-natal (PNVSPN); TMI e Índice de Privação Material (IPM). Os dados foram coletados em fontes secundárias oficiais, modelados em Sistema de Informação Geográfica e analisados com recursos da estatística espacial descritiva e bayesiana. Os resultados indicaram redução das TMI em Minas Gerais, mas ainda persistem acentuadas desigualdades regionais, com taxas elevadas nos municípios com elevados IPM e PNVSPN. Observa-se, pois, a necessidade de ampliação e qualificação do acesso ao pré-natal e intervenções no contexto regional em setores nem sempre ligados ao sistema de saúde, mas que são fundamentais para redução da mortalidade infantil.
Sob o prisma da equidade: financiamento federal do Sistema Único de Saúde no estado da Bahia
Authors: Teles Andrei Souza , Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia , Ferreira Milla Pauline da Silva
Published: November 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a distribuição dos recursos financeiros federais para os municípios do estado da Bahia, em 2010, na perspectiva da equidade. A metodologia utilizou o modelo "Contas Nacionais de Saúde" para identificação do fluxo de recursos; o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) como proxy das necessidades de saúde; e indicadores de oferta de serviços de saúde por macrorregião. As transferências federais totalizaram R$ 2 bilhões, R$ 146,36 per capita, sendo 20% dos recursos destinados aos 219 municípios com menor IDHM. Os 37 municípios com melhor IDHM detiveram 60% dos recursos, ou seja, mais de R$ 1,23 bilhões. Evidenciou-se que 30% dos recursos (R$ 615,45 milhões) foram destinados a 40% da população do estado, espalhada por 348 municípios, e mais de R$ 1 bilhão foi transferido também para 40% da população, mas que se distribuía por apenas 17 municípios. A mais populosa das nove macrorregiões e de maior capacidade instalada recebeu, sozinha, 32,81% dos recursos. A macrorregião com mais equipes de saúde por habitante tinha o segundo melhor IDHM. Verificou-se grande concentração de recursos destinada a poucos municípios de grande porte populacional e com os mais altos IDHM, e fraco aporte para regiões com maiores necessidades de saúde.
Abordagem psicossocial e saúde de mulheres negras: vulnerabilidades, direitos e resiliência
Authors: Prestes Clélia R. S. , Paiva Vera S. F.
Published: November 2016

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma revisão crítica de teorias, técnicas e práticas que visam a potencialização da saúde de mulheres negras com foco em concepções sobre resiliência. Além da literatura acadêmica, em especial da psicologia, o texto mobiliza diferentes fontes sobre relações raciais, inclusive a produção do movimento social. Mulheres negras estão expostas à privação de direitos humanos, à ineficiência dos programas de governo na garantia do direito à educação e à saúde integral, entre outros. Estão também expostas à incidência frequente do racismo e do sexismo, que se traduzem em prejuízos à sua saúde. A concepção processual de resiliência adotada neste artigo, que resulta tanto da reflexão crítica sobre a literatura como de resultados de pesquisa apresentados, fortalece a adoção de uma perspectiva psicossocial, resultante da análise das vulnerabilidades integrada ao quadro dos direitos humanos. Conclui-se pela produtividade de iniciativas que incluam a sabedoria prática das mulheres negras e a valorização de experiências coletivas e transgeracionais que as apoiam para superar os contextos de alta vulnerabilidade a que estão expostas, estimulando a potencialização de processos de resiliência. Nessa perspectiva será necessário considerar não apenas o acolhimento das mulheres negras, mas também suas experiências e instâncias de pertencimento, suas trajetórias, suas redes, comunidades e territórios.
Influence of the cable´s layout on the shearing resistance of prestressed concrete beams
Authors: SOUZA JUNIOR O. A. , OLIVEIRA D. R. C.
Published: November 2016

Abstract Little information on experimental investigations regarding the influence of the prestressing forces in the shear resistance of prestressed beams is found in the technical literature. Thus, it was experimentally evaluated the shear resistance of six post-tensioned prestressed concrete beams with cross section of (150 x 450) mm2, total length of 2400 mm and concrete's compressive resistance of 30 MPa, with the variables of this work being the layout of the prestressing cable, straight or parabolic, and the stirrups geometric rate. Verticals displacement, steel and concrete's strains and a comparison of the experimental loads with the estimates of ACI 318, EUROCODE 2 and NBR 6118: 2014 codes are presented and discussed. The results showed that the cable's parabolic layout increased the beams' shear resistance in up to 16% when compared to beams with straight cables.
Anticancer activity of new molecular hybrids combining 1,4-naphthalenedione motif with phosphonic acid moiety in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.
Authors: Długosz Angelika , Gach Katarzyna , Szymański Jacek , Modranka Jakub , Janecki Tomasz , Janecka Anna
Published: November 2016

Structural motifs found in naturally occurring compounds are frequently used by researchers to develop novel synthetic drug candidates. Some of these new agents are hybrid molecules which are designed through a concept of combining more than one functional element. In this report, anticancer activity of new synthetic molecular hybrids, substituted 3-diethoxyphosphorylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-diones and 3-diethoxyphosphorylbenzo[f]indole-4,9-diones, which integrate natural 1,4-naphtalenedione scaffold, present in several anticancer agents, with pharmacophoric phosphonate moiety, were tested against hepatocellular cell line HepG2. Cytotoxicity was examined using MTT assay. Two most potent compounds, furandione 8a and benzoindoldione 12a, which reduced the number of viable HepG2 cells with the IC50 values of 4.13 µM and 5.9 µM, respectively, were selected for further research. These compounds decreased the mRNA expression levels of several genes: Bcl-2, angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Fos, caspase-8 and increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and -9, c-Jun, p21, p53, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The ability of these compounds to induce apoptosis and DNA damage was studied by flow cytometry. The obtained data showed that the new compounds inhibited cell viability by increasing apoptosis and decreasing angiogenesis. Compound 8a was a much stronger apoptosis inducer as compared with 12a and strongly activated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, associated with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These findings show that the synthetic hybrids combining 1,4-naphthalenedione system and phosphonic acid moiety display potential to be further explored in the development of new anticancer agents.
Ionizing radiation induces changes in profile of metabolites in serum of cancer patients
Authors: Roś-Mazurczyk Małgorzata , Wojakowska Anna , Marczak Łukasz , Polański Krzysztof , Pietrowska Monika , Jelonek Karol , Domińczyk Iwona , Hajduk Agata , Rutkowski Tomasz , Składowski Krzysztof , Widłak Piotr
Published: November 2016

Radiotherapy causes molecular changes observed at the level of body fluids, which are potential biomarker candidates for assessment of radiation exposure. Here we analyzed radiotherapy-induced changes in profile of small metabolites detected in sera of head and neck cancer patients using the GC/MS approach. There were about 30 compounds, including carboxylic acids, sugars, amines and amino acids, which levels significantly differed between pre-treatment and post-treatment samples. Among metabolites upregulated by radiotherapy was 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, which level increased about 10-fold in post-treatment samples. Compounds affected by irradiation were associated with several metabolic pathways, including catecholamine biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism.
DISTRIBUSI DAN KERAPATAN EDELWEIS (Anaphalis javanica) DIGUNUNG BATOK TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU
Authors: Wahyudi Didik
Published: November 2016

Gunung Batok merupakan satu diantara gunung-gunung di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru yang merupakan habitat edelweis (Anaphalis Javanica). Keberadaan edelweis di gunung batok pada beberapa tahun terakhir mulai terancam kelestariannya karena kebakaran dan perambahan oleh warga sekitar dan wisatawan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang distribusi dan kepadatan edelweis (A. javanica) di Gunung Batok Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran dan kerapatan edelweis (A. javanica) di Gunung Batok Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerapatan edelweis (A.javanica) dan distribusinya serta faktor lingkungan apa yang paling mempengaruhi terhadap kelimpahan edelweis (A. javanica). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Gunung Batok Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger semeru pada bulan April sampai dengan September 2010. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan membagi Gunung Batok menjadi 4 stasiun berdasarkan arah mata angin. Setiap stasiun dipasang transek dengan panjang 50 m sebanyak 10 transek. Faktor lingkungan yang diamati meliputi kelembaban, suhu, dan kecepatan angin. Data kerapatan dianalisis dengan rumus jumlah edelweis/luasarea, pola distribusi edelweis dianalisis dengan menggunakan Indeks Morisita dengan uji Chi-square dan hubungan factor lingkungan dan kelimpahan edelweis (A. javanica) dianalisis dengan regresi ganda. Setiap edelweis (A. javanica) yang ditemui ditandai titik koordinatnya dengan GPS, kemudian untuk mengetahui posisi edelweis di Gunung Batok
Taman Nasional Bromo tengger Semeru data diolah menggunakan google earth. Hasil penelitian menemukan 115, edelweis/ha. Berdasarkan analisis Indeks Morisita menunjukkan bahwa pola penyebaran edelweis (A. javanica) cenderung mengelompok dan setelah di uji lanjut dengan uji chi-squere diketahui bahwa distribusinya seragam. Semua variabel independen (suhu, kelembaban dan kecepatan angin) tidak mempunyai korelasi yang erat terhadap variabel bebas (kepadatan Edelweis (A. javanica)) di Gunung Batok Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru
PROFIL GURU, PEMAHAMAN KOOPERATIF NHT, DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI DI SMP KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Kawuwung Femmy
Published: November 2016

The research aims to uncover a general profile of teachers, understanding cooperative NHT, and higher-order thinking skills in middle school biology teacher North Minahasa regency. Research methods: survey with a research instrument is a questionnaire consisting of questions developed is an open question and a combination of semi-closed and open questions that have been validated by experts of learning. The study population is a junior high science teacher in North Minahasa Biology. The questionnaire that was circulated questionnaires amounted to 40 and who entered and analyzed totaled 31. The study began in July and August 2010. The results are: Understanding the Biology of junior high science teacher in North Minahasa regency NHT 6.45% towards learning, and teachers' understanding of higher-order thinking skills 12.90%. Teachers' understanding of the NHT and the results of cooperative learning is still low.

Keywords: Profile of Teachers, Science-Biology, NHT, High Thinking, Junior North Minahasa.
ANTIBIOTIKA, RESISTENSI, DAN RASIONALITAS TERAPI
Authors: Utami Eka Rahayu
Published: November 2016

Masalah resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotika telah menjadi masalah internasional. Saat ini sedang digalakkan kampanye dan sosialisasi pengobatan  secara rasional yang meliputi pengobatan tepat, dosis tepat, lama penggunaan yang tepat serta biaya yang tepat. Bakteri menjadi resisten untuk dapat bertahan hidup setelah melalui beberapa proses tertentu. Banyak hal yang bisa mendukung terjadinya resistensi.Pada akhirnya konsekuensi yang ditimbulkan sangat merugikan baik dari segi kesehatan, ekonomi maupun kesehatan masyarakat.Terapi rasional, regulasi pemerintah, juga edukasi masyarakat menjadi beberapa poin penting dalam stategi penanganan masalah resistensi ini.

Kata Kunci : antibiotika, resistensi, terapi, rasional.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH APLIKASI PERTANIAN ORGANIK ( Studi Kasus Di Desa Sumber Ngepoh, Kecamatan Lawang ) Kabupaten Malang MT 2009 – 2010
Authors: Tien Tien
Published: November 2016

The application of organic farming on rice farming in Indonesia is still new to  know. The farming interested if efficiency economics. The meaning efficiency economics if the technical   efficiency. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of organic rice farming systems, focusing on: (1) identifying the range of application of organic farming on rice farming, (2) analyzing the productivity and income from applying organic  farming, and (3)  analyzing  the technical   efficiency of  applying  organic  farming  and identifying factors that influence it.
The study was conducted in Malang Regency with take sample Sumber Ngepoh village, Lawang, Malang. This village is purposively taken because this is only a village in East Java which has obtained a certificate as a producer of organic rice from Organic Certification Agency. Furthermore, farmers did not interested application of organic farming. The sample of farmers 120  respondents selected by using non-proportionate stratified random sampling among those applying organic rice farming. The data are anal
The results at the study stage show that there was diversity between implementing organic and agricultural organic farming system. This diversity reached only 8,33 percent application of organic rice farming of the total land area, while the rest was still in the transitional stage of applying organic system. The application of organic rice farming must independently be able to increase production and income of the farmer.
Judging from the level of technical efficiency, the application of organic rice farming is generally quite high, above the value of TE (technical efficiency) 0.8, while applying an independent organic farming has higher technical efficiency than others. Determinant of technical efficiency is the practice of Sekolah Lapang  or Field School and the independence of farmers in affording resources locally.

Keywords: Technical efficiency, independence of rice farming  system, Organic  farming applications.
PENGARUH LOGAM BERAT Cd, Pb TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA BATANG DAN DAUN SAYURAN
Authors: Widowati Hening
Published: November 2016

Cd, Pb heavy metal absorption in aquatic vegetables: Genjer (Limnocharis flava), Kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) dan Selada air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br), studied to see the relationship with green figure scale. The research objective was to identify the accumulated Cd, Pb in the consumed organ vegetable, and their impacts to the levels of green figure scale. The research was undertaken by planting three kinds of the aquatic vegetables to the contaminated pure Cd,pure Pb media, mixture of Cd and Pb with factorial randomized block design. Data were analyzed by factorial One-Way Anova and further test of Duncan and HSD to see the difference of Cd, Pb and green figure scale, regression and correlation to know the contribution of Cd, Pb in influencing the green figure scale. Variety of vegetables, media, organ, and the interaction influences the accumulation of Cd, Pb and level of green figure scale. There is a relationship between Cd, Pb metal accumulation to the level of  green figure scale of the aquatic vegetables, with negative correlation that Cd, Pb decreased the vegetable green figure scale.

Keywords: the influence of Cd, Pb; aquatic vegetables; green figure scale
KARAKTERISITIK DAN KEUNGGULAN ANGGUR VARIETAS “Red Pince” (Prabu Bestari) dan “Cardinal” (Probolinggo Super) di Kota Probolinggo
Authors: Prahardini Amik Krismawati,
Published: November 2016

In accordance wiyh the development program of horticultural by agricultural service of East  Java Provinced, then the grape culture in Probolinggo, expecially urban specific need to be growth.  The development of grape plants in Probolinggo is one of local government efforts to  get back the Probolinggo image as city of  “BAYUANGGA”  (Bayu means wind, Angga means grape and mango).  The width  of  grape yields in Probolinggo in the year of 2002 is around 1.442 ha by total amounts 110 tons, yet the level of productivity is still lower, approximately 77.36  kuintals per ha. The potential of grape plants in Probolinggo need to be improved considering that the condition of agoecology sufficiently supporting to culture grape successfully.  The main and dominant area of development (Subdistrict of Kademangan, Wonoasih, and Mayangan)  ia aluvial soil, located in 10 – 37 m asl, by plant topography (< 3%), the intensity of rainfall annually ia around 4 – 5 wet month and 7 month dry. The temperature is about 30 – 32oC and the soil acidity ia about 5.5 – 6.5.  The research method was to make inventory and exploration grape plants with respect to the information on the condition.  Inventory and exploration were  conducted  at  Probolinggo City from Mei  until  September 2007. The aim of this study were to find out the varieties which are widely developed are variety of Red Prince (Prabu Bestari) and Cardinal (Probolinggo Super). The two varieties are amounted  approximately  60 – 70% ogf total grape seedlings in Probolinggo, whereas 30 – 40% other varieties are Belgie, Alphonso Lavelle (Probolinggo Biru-81).  Furthermore, the variety of Red Prince is favorable among farmers for its relative high price.  The price in farmers level, grape variety of Red Prince is around Rp 10.000 to 12.500 per kg, whereas in the retailer level is around Rp 15.000 to 17.500 per kg.  The grape of Red Prince and Cardinal are superior and excited by many people for its morphological, charming red and sweet.

Key word  : Vitis sp, potential, advantageous, varieties, RedPrince, Cardinal, Probolinggo City     
BIODIVERSITAS DAN PENGELOLAANYA BERDASARKAN ALQUR’AN
Authors: Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Published: November 2016

Alqur’an is a universal reference for  Moslem in their life. There are also many information of biodiversity and their management system so can be used as learning source and reference frame in conservation of biodiversity. The aim of this study  is to reveal many information of biodiversity in Alqur’an. The study is done by trace-study of biodiversity information and relevance concepts in Alqur’an, than be analyzed by comparative-qualitative approach, compared with biodiversity concepts  in science perspective. There are a lot of biodiversity information in Alqur’an: (1) mentioning of species name in It’s verses, (2)  concepts of reproduction and heritance or concepts of diversivication and distinction, and (3) concepts of interrelation and natural equability. In science perspectives, there are biodiversity of gene, species, ecosystem (Biology perspective), and culture (social perspective) as frame of reference in developing of biodiversity management systems. In other, based on Alqur’an there must be added with faith diversity (moral-spiritual perspective).  There are difference of moral orders and religion laws and their realization determain human attitude to their environment, especially to the conservation of biodiversity.

Key words: Biodiversity, conservation, Alqur’an,
LINGKUNGAN DAN PELESTARIANNYA DALAM PRESPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Imamudin Mochamad
Published: November 2016

Masalah lingkungan dan pencemarannya merupakan masalah yang dihadapi oleh manusia saat ini dan belum ditemukan solusi yang jitu untuk memecahkannya secara komprehensif, baik dari segi cara mengontrol penyebabnya ataupun mengurangi sebab-sebabnya, meskipun usaha itu sudah dilakukan oleh organisasi lingkungan hidup dengan segala upayanya, bahkan masalah pencemaran lingkungan ini selalu dibahas oleh masyarakat internasional. Salah satu permasalahan yang mereka bahas adalah timbulnya lubang pada lapisan ozon yang mengancam terjadinya bencana yang lebih luas pada lingkungan dan dapat berdampak pada timbulnya berbagai penyakit bagi manusia. Jika peradaban modern saat ini telah menimbulkan pencemaran udara tanpa memikirkan dampaknya, maka sebenarnya Islam telah meletakkan dasar-dasar hukum, jauh sebelum timbulnya berbagai pencemaran yang timbul sekarang ini. Namun permasalahannya adalah kurangnya implementasi dan aktualisasi dasar-dasar hukum tersebut dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Maka dalam kajian ini dengan tema Lingkungan dan Pelestariannya dalam prespektif Islam, pada dasarnya adalah kajian umum yang mengkaji dari sisi hukum Islam, yaitu membahas secara umum pandangan Islam tentang lingkungan dan penyebab serta konsekuensi yang timbul dari kesalahan manusia dalam menangani masalah lingkungan serta bagaimanakah solusi yang diberikan oleh prinsip-prinsip Syariah Islam.

Key word : lingkungan, pelestarian, perspektif, hukum, Islam.
STUDI POPULASI DALAM PENGELOLAAN ALAM: SUATU PENDEKATAN ETIKA-MORAL ISLAMI
Authors: Syauqi Ahmad
Published: November 2016

Perkembangan populasi manusia tahun 2050 diprediksi mencapai 8,9-9,3 milyar telah memunculkan banyak pemikiran khususnya sebagian perilaku yang memberikan efek kerusakan ekosistem.  Etika dan moral merupakan hal strategis dalam perbincangan saat ini selain sustainable  dan sains itu sendiri. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh spirit tentang populasi manusia. Standpoint  awal; dalam konteks evolusi, semua spesies merupakan keadaan yang sedang berkembang dan  hubungan manusia-alam “terasa” kehilangan hakekat. Menggunakan metode Penelitian Deskriptif dengan kerangka berpikir kritis dan reflektif, diketahui; eksistensi generasi manusia merupakan rencana Tuhan berdasar Al-Qur'an surat Al Fathir ayat 11. Para biolog telah membedakan secara tajam antara tanaman dan binatang, tetapi binatang dan manusia berbeda hanya dalam tingkatan. Al-Qur'an surat Al-Anfal ayat 22 dan Surat Al-Isro' ayat 70 mengatakan tentang perilaku manusia yang tidak benar atau jahat, sama dengan perilaku binatang (ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﭛ  atau makhluk ciptaan); memberikan pengakuan tentang tingkatan perilaku binatang. Perilaku adalah pengaruh setting lingkungannya dan penggunaan akal budi atau intelek ia menjadi manusia. Standpoint  yang baru untuk sudut pandang adalah spesies manusia telah permanen (final) bukan masa transisi (rancangannya jelas), ia binatang yang mempunyai akal budi atau intelek (sempurna). Carrying capacity  adalah konsep dampak dari variabel perilaku manusia.

Kata Kunci: populasi, manusia, etika-moral Islami, pengelolaan lingkungan.
Profil Sel Timosit CD4+CD8+ Pada Mencit Yang Diinfeksi Salmonella thypi Setelah Diberi Ekstrak Daun Moringa oleifera
Authors: Fathir Akhmad
Published: November 2016

Moringa olifera merupakan tumbuhan yang kaya akan kandungan zat gizi maupun fitokimia. Tujuan dari penilian ini untuk mengetahui profil sel timusit CD4+CD8+ mencit yang diinfeksi Salmonella thypi setelah diberi ekstrak daun M. oleifera. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Mencit dibagi menjadi 2 grub yaitu grub non infeksi (diberi ekstrak daun M. oleifera dosis 0 mg/kg BB, 14 mg/kg BB, 42 mg/kg BB  dan 84 mg/kg BB) dan mencit yang diinfeksi S. thypi (diberi ekstrak daun M. oleifera dosis 0 mg/kg BB, 14 mg/kg BB, 42 mg/kg BB  dan 84 mg/kg BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak daun M. oleifera dapat meningkatkan jumlah sel timosit CD4+CD8+ pada kelompok mencit non infeksi maupun pada kelompok mencit diinfeksi S. thypi. Peningkatan tertinggi jumlah sel timusit CD4+CD8+ terlihat pada pemberian ekstrak daun M. oleifera dosis 84 mg/kg BB.
PERAN SENYAWA BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) TERHADAP EKSPRESI CD62L PADA LIMPA MENCIT YANG DIBERI PAPARAN Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Faroka Dia
Published: November 2016

S. aureus dapat menyebabkan penyakit toxic shock syndrome, endokartitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, serta penyakit meningitis. Superantigen bakteri ini dapat mempengaruhi sistem imun melalui sekresi sitokin proinflamasi secara besar-besaran. Resistensi S. aureus terhadap vancomysin, mendorong masyarakat untuk mencari obat alternatif yang berasal dari bahan alam, yaitu tanaman obat tradisional. Salah satu tanaman obat tradisonal yang memiliki potensi sebagai anti mikroba, anti kanker, anti inflamasi  dan antioksidan adalah buah mengkudu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran senyawa dari ekstrak air buah mengkudu terhadap ekspresi CD4+CD62L+ ( sel T naif ) dan CD4+CD62L- ( sel T memori ) pada limpa mencit yang diberi paparan S. aureus. Pada  penelitian ini,  mencit dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu infeksi dan non infeksi. Kedua kelompok tersebut diberi ekstrak air M. citrifolia dengan dosis berturut-turut 25 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, dan 300 mg/kgBB selama 20 hari kemudian diinfeksi S. aureus sebanyak 1 x 109 sel. Pengamatan jumlah relatif sel TCD4+CD62L+ dan CD4+CD62L- dianalisis menggunakan flow cytometry melalui progam CellQuest dan dilakukan uji statistik ANOVA RAL faktorial dan uji BNJ melalui progam SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pada kelompok non infeksi pemberian dosis 25 mg/kgBB dan 100 mg/kgBB tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol normal, sedangkan dosis 300 mg/kgBB terjadi penurunan sel T naif (P<0.05). Sel T naif pada kontol infeksi mengalami penurunan dibandingkan kontrol normal (P<0.05). Sel T memori pada kontrol infeksi mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan kontrol normal (P<0.05) Pada kelompok infeksi dosis 100 mg/kgBB mampu menurunkan jumlah sel T memori (P<0.05)
EFEK PERPADUAN BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN LIAR DI SEKITAR AREA PERTANAMAN PADI DALAM MENARIK ARTHROPODA MUSUH ALAMI DAN HAMA
Authors: Addina Lu’aili
Published: November 2016

This study aims to determine the interest Arthropoda against some wild mix consisting of Chromolaena odorata, Bidens pilosa., Echinochloa Cruss-galli, and Pistia stratiotes. This research is a semi experimental parameters observed were differences in the abundance of arthropods in each observation plot good plot consisting of some combination of wild plants (block refugia) and plot a block away from refugia based on spatial and temporal distribution. Observations using the "visual control" developed Freie and Manhart (1992). Achieved 9 order Arthropoda consists of 32 families were recorded visiting a mix of wild plants, the Coccinellidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Coenagrionidae, Libellulidae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae, Acrididae, Mantidae, Syrphidae, Drosophilidae, Tipulidae, Formicidae, Vespidae, Sphecidae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Pyralidae, Papilionidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Alydidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Flatidae, Tetragnathidae, and Oxyopidae. The mean abundance was highest in plots dominated by observation block refugia of the family Coccinellidae arthropods that act as natural enemies with a mean abundance reached 29 individuals per day. While the family Reduviidae which acts as a pest has the lowest with a mean abundance value of 1 individual per day. The analysis shows there are 6 families Arthropod natural enemies and pests that show distribution patterns are influenced by the presence of a mix of wild plants (the spatial distribution pattern) and different observation time (temporal distribution pattern), from the family Coccinellidae, Ichneumonidae, Braconidae, Acrididdae, Drosophilidae and Coreidae with a P value <0.05.
PROFIL KADAR MDA PADA TUMOR KULIT MENCIT (Mus musculus) SEBAGAI AKIBAT PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L) DAN EKSTRAK METANOL BENALU TEH (Scurulla atropurpurea Bl. Dancer)
Authors: Holil Kholifah
Published: November 2016

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is widely used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Increased levels of MDA have been associated with a variety of tumor diseases , one of is a skin tumor. To cope with this disease use several medicinal plants which are leaves of soursop (Annona muricata L) and tea parasite (Scurulla atropurpurea Bl. dancer) . This study aims to determine the profile of MDA in mouse skin tumors as a result of ethanol extract of leaves of soursop and methanol extract of tea parasite. The sample used in this study were mouse skin tumors derived from mice induced by using 7.12 - Dimethilbenz(α)Antrasen (DMBA) and ethanol extract of leaves of soursop and methanol extract of tea parasite. While the observation parameters are obtained via MDA spectrophotometer method. The result of this research showed that the levels of MDA in mouse skin tumors induced ethanol extract of leaves of soursop and methanol extract of tea parasite is different. Lowest MDA levels (34.95nmol/g) contained in the DS3 that comes from DMBA-induced mice 25μg/100μl of acetone and ethanol extracts of soursop leaf 60mg/kg 
PRODUKSI BAKTERIOSIN OLEH Lactobacillus plantarum DJ3 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENGAWET DAGING
Authors: Hariani Liliek
Published: November 2016

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to inhibit other bacteria by producing protein, named as bacteriocin. Bacteriocin which  produced by LAB is useful to inhibit pathogenic bacteria that harmful to human health or even makes food spoil. Bacteriocin is effective as antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacteria. Crude Extract of bacteriocin that produced by Lactobacillus plantarum DJ3 is able to inhibits the growth of E. Coli (4 mm) and S. aureus (5.33 mm). Application of bacteriocin in beef show that it able to inhibita the growth of bacteria. The amount of bacteria in beef that stored in 8 hours with bacteriocin addition are 1,3 X 108 CFU/g, and 3.7 X  108 CFU/g without bacteriocin addition. While the amount of bacteria in beef that stored in 12 hours with bacteriocin addition are 2.0 x 109 CFU/g and 1.5 x 1011 without bacteriocin addition
SCABIES : PENYEBAB, PENANGANAN DAN PENCEGAHANNYA
Authors: Griana Tias Pramesti
Published: November 2016

Gudik or kudis is a kind of skin disease that could be found in people who living in crowded neighborhood, for examples slums area, Islamic boarding school, prison, military camp and hospital. Gudik could be infect all age, race, and social economic level. Many people do not know that the cause of gudik is mite which named Sarcoptes scabiei. According to Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, scabies ranked third of the twelve of skin disease that most often arises. Until now, scabies is still neglected, and it becomes to be public health problems worldwide. As the transmission process is fast, misunderstanding of society about this disease makes difficult to eradicate scabies. Sarcoptes scabiei lives in stratum corneum of skin and eat cell fluids. Female mite digs tunnels under skin surfaces and lays its eggs. This mite activities cause rash on the skin and itch at night. Transmission of scabies can through direct or indirect contact with the patient. Drug of choice for scabies is still debatable. Although the results of therapy are effective, sulfur 5%-10%, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton 10%, permethrin 5% and ivermectin give bad side effect for patient. In vitro study showed the effectivity of tea tree 5% (Melaleuca alternifolia), paste of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and turmeric (Curcuma longa),  and anise (Pimpinella anisum) as scabicide. Prevention of scabies transmisstion is carried out by hygiene and treatment for all people who have direct contact with the patient.
STRATEGI ADAPTASI TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN MINIM OKSIGEN MELALUI GAMBARAN ANATOMI ORGAN RESPIRASI KELELAWAR DI KARST GUDAWANG BOGOR
Authors: Wijayanti Fahma
Published: November 2016

The existence of cave dwelling bats of karst area need to be conserved, because bats have important roles for the ecosystem both inside the cave  as well as outside the cave. The purpose of  this study was to observe  structural respiratory adaptation of the cave bats . This study was conducted from July 2013 to November  2013 at three caves in  Karst  Gudawang, Bogor Regency, West Java. In each cave where the bats roosting, the temperature, also the humidity, and  oxygen level were measured. Samples were caught from every bat roost during the day when the bats were staying in their roosts.  Lungs and trachea  removed from body and  were  made preparations for histology. The lung and trachea  was observed under the microscope. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. The result showed:  The ratio of  lung weight/body weight  increased by the decrease of oxygen levels. This tendency also revealed  in diameter of trachea/body weight  change
PRODUKSI METABOLIT SEKUNDER STEVIOSIDA PADA KULTUR KALUS STEVIA (Stevia rebaudiana Bert. M.) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ZPT 2,4-D DAN PEG (Polyethylene Glykol) 6000 PADA MEDIA MS (Murashige & Skoog)
Authors: Laila Fittriya Nur
Published: November 2016

Stevia rebaudiana is a member of the Asteraceae family, produce steviol glycosides (steviosida, rebaudiosida A, B, C, D, E and dulcosida A) which can be used as food additives such as food flavoring or sweetener in nutritional supplements. This study aims to determine the concentration of 2,4-D combination and PEG 6000 were effective in increasing the production of secondary metabolites in callus of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert. M) in vitro. PEG 6000 is a way to manipulate media in vitro to increase secondary metabolite.

This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 factorial combination with three replications. The first factor is the provision of plant growth regulator 2,4-D (1 mg / L, 2 mg / L, and 3 mg / L) and the second factor is the provision of PEG 6000 (0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L). The emerging callus (day), percentage (%) of explants callus (g), weight of callus, callus morphology (texture and color of the callus), and secondary metabolites steviosida were measured. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) two way and to find a significant difference test Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. Steviosida secondary metabolites were measured using High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC).
 The results showed that the combination treatment of 1 mg / L 2,4-D and 25 mg / L PEG 6000 is a combination of the most efficient way to get the amount of secondary metabolites steviosida 4.792 mg / g. Observations callus morphology (texture and color of the callus) showed that the compact callus textured and colored brown due to osmotic stress of PEG 6000 has a high content of secondary metabolites steviosida
UPAYA MITIGASI BENCANA GERAKAN TANAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM (Studi Kasus Penambangan Pasir Ilegal Di Kecamatan Bangsal Kabupaten Mojokerto)
Authors: Fadlilah Sulfatul
Published: November 2016

Ilegal sand mining after days was not restrained, and it caused land movement in every dikes of Brantas river. In Alquran, (Ar Rum:30) said that the disaster is made by the human, they have to chance the bad behavior/habits if they wants the disaster will not happen. This research has puspose for knowing the subjects of ilegal sand mining and how far the impact of sand mining. The methode of the research  is quantitative and for the collect data are introgation, observation, and documentation to get more information about ilegal sand mining. In UU No 23 Year 1997, that every body have to keep environment to ward off the disaster. The government has to take any strategic ways to move the ilegal sand mining practice
VAKSINASI LANSIA UPAYA PREVENTIF MENINGKATKAN IMUNITAS AKIBAT PROSES PENUAAN
Authors: Susanti Nurlaili
Published: November 2016

Advancement in health sciences and technologies gives positive impact to improve life expectancy, but the other hand it can increases elderly population with all consequences. Old age is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to their susceptibility to suffer several diseases caused by lacking immunity, especially infectious diseases. Moreover, the occurrence of multiple morbidities, such as heart disease and vulnerability to stress, are the main confounding factors that may impact to immune functions of elderly. Aging affects both cellular and humoral responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems and causes decreasing the number of immune cells, their viability, functional capacity and their responses against pathogens that entering the body. Strategies for preventing these diseases would have a clear impact on improving healthy aging. Thus, vaccination strategies for elderly population are needed. Vaccines should be developed to take into consideration the peculiar age-induced variations of immune responsiveness
PATOMEKANISME PENYAKIT GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF
Authors: Rachma Lailia Nur
Published: November 2016

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart, resulting in inability of heart to pump blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body tissue. Heart failure is characterized by clinical manifestations such as circulation congestion, tightness, fatigue, and weakness. Heart failure is a major problem in industrial and developing Country. Currently, the incidence and prevalence of heart failure tends to increase, it is also accompanied by an increase in mortality of heart failure cases. In the United States, 1 million patients hospitalized due to heart failure cases, which contribute to 50,000 deaths each year. While the number of visits to the hospital due to heart failure estimated at 6.5 million. Heart failure prognosis is generally poor despite the patients accepted adequate therapy. From the data obtained, only about 35% of male patients and 50% female patients who survived after the onset of acute heart failure. Generaly, the data obtained high mortality are occurs in patients with grade IV (presence of symptoms at rest) is about 30-70%, grade III (presence of symptoms with mild activity) 10-20%, class II (presence of symptoms when the activity being 5-10 %). Higher mortality was found in older patients, men, patients with reduced ejection fraction, and in patients with coronary disease. Once someone is suffering from heart failure, then he shall bear the very high cost. In America, the cost of issued for heart failure therapy between 15-40 trillion US$. In this review, we will discuss about pathomechanism of heart failure. So it is expected to be a reference to the diagnosis of patients with heart failure, which is expected to be recognized early on that could ultimately improve the quality of heart failure patient life, and reduce the number of mortality due to heart failure
MEKANISME TERJADINYA INFLAMASI DAN STRES OKSIDATIF PADA OBESITAS
Authors: Rahmawati Ana
Published: November 2016

Obesity is a predisposing factor for metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of development of chronic diseases such as type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and atherosclerosis. Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory condition with progressive infiltration of immune cells in the adipose tissue of obesity. Adipose tissue is not only a triglyceride storage organ, but studies have shown the role of white adipose tissue as a producer of adipokines. Besides adipokines, also found several inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Adipokines have the function of regulating food intake, thus providing a direct effect on weight control. It is played by leptin, which is working on the limbic system by stimulating the uptake of dopamine, creating a feeling of fullness. But these adipokines induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a process known as oxidative stress (OS). There are several mechanisms in producing the oxidative stress . The first is the oxidation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, which can generate ROS in the oxidation reaction, whereas other mechanisms is over-consumption of oxygen, which generates free radicals in the mitochondrial respiratory chain were found together with oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. High fat diet also capable of generating ROS because it can alter the oxygen metabolism
SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) SEBAGAI Nutraceutical DALAM MANAJEMEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Susanti Nurlaili
Published: November 2016

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes is most commonly type which accounts for 90-95% of those, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. Management of type 2 diabetes should combine pharmacological therapy with both diet modification and increasing physical activity. Nutraceutical was known to have important role. A kind of Araceae family, Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume), has a main content of glucomannan. Glucomannan is a water-soluble polysaccharide, high fibers and low calories. Various studies suggest the benefit effects of glucomannan in type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve blood glucose level and lipid profiles. Its mechanism is postulated to be associated with the intrinsic physical effects of soluble fiber in the gastrointestinal tract and fermentation by microflora in the large intestine that trigger production of several gut hormones. Short Chain Fatty Acids, product of fiber fermentation, can improve insulin sensitivity through competition with free fatty acids and increasing expression of GLUT 4 in insulin sensitive tissues. Therefore, glucomannan from Porang has a great potential to be a nutraceutical for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
PENGARUH OKSITOSIN TERHADAP KONTRAKSI OTOT POLOS UTERUS
Authors: Kristanti Risma Aprinda
Published: November 2016

Stimulus yang memicu sebagian besar kontraksi otot polos adalah adanya peningkatan ion kalsium intra sel. Peningkatan ini dapat ditimbulkan pada jenis otot polos yang berbeda oleh perangsangan saraf pada serabut otot polos, stimulasi hormon, regangan serabut, atau bahkan perubahan pada lingkungan kimiawi serabut. Suatu hormon dapat menimbulkan kontraksi otot polos bila membran sel otot mengandung reseptor perangsang bergerbang hormon untuk hormon tertentu. Beberapa reseptor hormon pada membran otot polos akan membuka kanal ion kalsium dan natrium serta menimbulkan depolarisasi membran. Kadang timbul potensial aksi, atau justru mungkin memperkuat potensial aksi yang telah terjadi. Pada keadaan lain, terjadi depolarisasi tanpa disertai dengan potensial aksi, dan depolarisasi ini membuat ion kalsium masuk ke dalam sel sehingga terjadi kontraksi. Oksitosin merangsang kontraksi uterus melalui mekanisme Ca2+ dependent dan Ca2+ independent. Pada jalur Ca2+ dependent, beberapa reseptor hormon pada membran otot polos akan membuka kanal ion kalsium dan natrium serta menimbulkan depolarisasi membran. Jalur Ca2+ independent adalah dengan melalui jalur Rho kinase. Rho yang telah teraktivasi meningkatkan fosforilasi rantai ringan miosin pada konsentrasi kalsium yang konstan, ini menunjukkan bahwa Rho memiliki peran pada mekanisme pengaturan “Ca2+ sensitization”