bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POPULATION DYNAMICS ON ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE IN KEBUMEN REGENCY - CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Rohyan J. , Sutopo S. , Kurnianto E.
Published: March 2017

The objectiveof this study was to elucidatereproductive characteristics, potential output and dynamics population of Ongole Gradecattle in Kebumen Regency, Province of Central Java. The studywasconductedfromSeptemberto November 2015.The materials used in the study were165 farmers as respondentshavingOngole Gradecattle. The research method used was survey. Respondent samples were taken from five districts in which the location was determined by using purposive sampling. Data were collected through direct interviews with livestock farmers as respondents. The analysis used wasdescriptive analysis. The results showed that the age at first mating was 26.87 month, S/C was 1.64, post-partum mating was4.52 month, weaning age was 3.97 month, calving interval was 14.32 month, and the birth rate topopulation was45.5%. Reproductive efficiency value was 91.8%, natural increase was 44.68%, and net replacement rate of bull and heifer were 1,209% and 253%,respectively, andtotal output 44.11%. Population dynamics of Ongole Gradecattle from 2009 to 2014 fluctuated with average growthwas -4.84%. In 2019, cow population of Ongole Gradewasestimated about 68.381 heads. In conclusion Kebumen Regencyhasa relatively high potential output of Ongole Gradecattle thatis44.11% and population dynamics from 2010 to 2014 fluctuated with average of decrease growth is 4.84%. Estimation of cow’s population of Ongole Grade cattle willincrease 16.7% per year.
The effect of pretreatment using hydrochloric acid on the characteristics of buffalo hide gelatin
Authors: Mulyani S. , Setyabudi F. M. C. S. , Pranoto Y. , Santoso U.
Published: March 2017

The objective of the research was to identify the effect of the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on yield and the characteristics of gelatin from buffalo hide. A completely randomized design was used with various concentrations of HCl treatment 0.3M, 0.6M, 0.9 M, 1.2 M and 1.5M, and four times replication, followed by least significant difference test. The HCl concentration gave significantly effect (P<0.05) on yield, viscosity, pH, gel strength and redness of gelatin. The highest yield (29.17%) was obtained at a concentration of HCl 0.9M. The highest gel strength and viscosity at concentration of 1.2M, were 293.41g bloom and 22.17 cp, respectively. The pH of the gelatin were 5.08 to 5.52. The lightness level (L*) was 69.92-70.97, whereas the redness ranged (a*)  from 0.55 to 1.54 and the yellowness ranged (b*) from 17.54 to 19.59. The moisture, protein and ash concentrations of gelatin were 7.05±0.07-8.92±0.06%, protein content of 83.38±0.06 -91.11±0.03%, and the ash content 0.53 ± 0.04 to 1.23 ± 0.09%, respectively. Based on the spectra absorption of infrared were detected four areas amides: amide A (3402.43-3448.72 cm-1), amide I (1635.65 cm-1), amide II (1527.62 cm-1) and amide III (1242.16 cm-1). The differences in the concentration of HCl had impact on yield,characteristics and secondary structure of buffalo hide gelatin. The HCl concentration at 0.9M was the optimum condition to obtain the highest yield. The characteristics of buffalo hide gelatin after pretreatment using hydrochloric acid had met the standards of GMIA (2012).
Isolation and identification of bacterial protease enzyme of leather waste
Authors: Pertiwiningrum A. , Anggraini F. D. , Fitrianto N. A. , Rochijan R.
Published: March 2017

The objectives of this study were to isolate and identify bacteria which produced protease enzyme from liquid and solid waste of tannery, and their characterization of enzymatic activities. The bacterial isolation used a sample of liquid and solid waste from leather waste which taken from a different waste reservoirs (three liquid waste and one solid waste in unhairing phase). Data of the isolated bacteria, OD 600 nm bacterial growth, the identification of bacteria, and enzyme precipitation with 60% ammonium sulfate were analyzed descriptively. The colony diameter, diameter of clear zone, proteolytic index, and enzymatic activities characterization on difference of pH and temperature were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The second sample from four samples of the isolated bacteria was tested further for their proteolytic activity. The morphology of the colony was circle, white, flat ledges and convex elevation, the basal cell morphology was red, gram-negative, non-motile, catalase positive and gelatin negative. The highest activity of enzyme on pH 11 with activity unit enzyme 45,18±1,77 U/ml and specific enzyme activity 43,19±1,69 U/mg and temperature of 40°C activity unit enzyme 54,02±1,89 U/ml and specific enzyme activity 51,65±1,8 U/mg. The activity of enzyme from protease were precipitated ammonium sulfate 60% showed a higher result of (75,8 U/ml) rather than rough protease.
Analysis of the local resource-based dairy cattle development in Central Java
Authors: Mukson M. , Setiyawan H. , Handayani M. , Setiadi A.
Published: March 2017

The objectives of this research wereto analyze the local resource-based development of dairy cattle in orderto improve the production and quality of milk in Central Java. The research wascarried out by survey method. The research locations (Boyolali and Semarang) were chosen using purposive sampling method.In each regency was determined 2 sub district locations in which having the largest dairy cow population and 3 Dairy Cattle Farmer Associations (DCFA) in every sub district.Dairy farmers were sampled randomly, 10 farmers in every DCFA. Therefore, there were 120 dairy cattle farmers for sample. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive methods, location quotient (LQ) analysis and multiple linear regression statistical model. The dependent variables were yield and quality of milk (Y1,2) and the independent variables were human resources (x1), environmental resources (x2), capital resources (x3), entrepreneurship resources (x4), technology resources (x5), institution resources (x6) and infrastructure resources (x7). The LQ analysis showed that dairy cattle population, availability of forage and agricultural waste, and absorption of labour were very potential (LQ>1). Local resources significantly affected (P<0.01) the production and quality of dairy cattle milk. These results suggest that the development of dairy cattle business needs to consider the potential of local resources in order to improve the production and quality of milk.
Hydrothermal liquefaction limbah distilasi bietanol generasi-2
Authors: Simanungkalit Sabar Pangihutan , Mansur Deini , Fitriady Muhammad Arifuddin
Published: March 2017

Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan proses hydrothermal liquefaction limbah distilasi bioetanol generasi-2 dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Penelitian difokuskan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter-parameter fisik dan kimia terhadap karakteristik produk liquid yang dihasilkan. Untuk parameter fisik yang diamati adalah suhu (250–310°C) dan waktu proses (0-120 menit), sedangkan untuk parameter kimia akan diamati pengaruh penambahan katalis Na2CO3 dan K2CO3 (0-20%). Berdasarkan hasil analisa elemental dan perhitungan nilai kalor, suhu dan waktu proses optimum adalah 270°C dan 30 menit. Penambahan katalis Na2CO3 dan K2CO3 menyebabkan turunnya nilai kalor dari produk liquid dan memperlihatkan pola yang fluktuatif. Sementara itu, senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam produk liquid berdasarkan hasil analisa GC-MS adalah 2,3-butandiol; asam asetat; aseton; etanol; gliserin; fenol; 2,6-dimetoksi fenol; 2-metoksi fenol dan propilen glikol. Semakin besar konsentrasi katalis Na2CO3 meningkatkan konsentrasi etanol dalam produk liquid, yakni mencapai sekitar 16 mol % Carbon pada 20% Na2CO3. Sedangkan penggunaan katalis K2CO3 tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan.
MODIFIKASIZEOLIT ALAM MORDENIT SEBAGAI KATALISATOR KETALISASI DAN ESTERIFIKASI
Authors: Nuryoto Nuryoto - , Sulistyo Hary , Budi Sediawan Wahyudi , Perdana Indra
Published: March 2017

Abstract MODIFIED  MORDENITE NATURAL ZEOLITE AS CATALYST FOR KETALIZATION AND ESTERIFICATION. The aims of this research was studied of  modified mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah effect by acidity and heating to change zeolite characteristics in orde to prepare as catalyst for glycerol ketalization and  acetit acid esterification by some reaction temperature variation. Natural zeolite which modified by precise treatment will be  produced of natural zeolite that ready for use as catalyst and has good perfomance. The characterization results showed that the best condition for modified mordenite natural zeolite of  Bayah achieved at sulfuric acid concentration of 6 N and heating temperature of 200oC, by surface area reached of 157.110 m2/g and cation exchanged capacity of 2.11 meq/ml. Modernite natural zeolite of Bayah has good performance indication as a catalyst, by the highest glycerol conversion of  70.10% at 60°C for the ketalization reaction, and for the esterification reaction, mordenit natural zeolit of Bayah able to acetit acid conversion of 11.72% at 70°C.   Keywords: characterization; esterification; glycerol; modified; ketalization Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mempelajari pengaruh modifikasi dengan pengasaman dan pemanasan terhadap perubahan karakteristik zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah guna persiapan sebagai katalisator pada reaksi ketalisasi gliserol dan esterifikasi asam asetat dengan beberapa variasi suhu reaksi. Zeolit alam yang termodifikasi dengan perlakuan yang tepat akan menghasilkan zeolit alam yang siap pakai, dan akan mampu menghasilkan performa yang baik. Hasil pengujian karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik pada modifikasi zeolit alam mordenit Bayah dihasilkan pada konsentrasi pengasaman 6N H2SO4 dan suhu pengeringan 200oC dengan luas permukaan 157,110 m2/g dan kemampuan tukar kation sebesar 2,11 meq/ml. Zeolit alam mordenit Bayah menunjukkan performa yang baik sebagai katalisator dengan konversi gliserol tertinggi sebesar 70,10%  yang dicapai pada suhu 60oC pada reaksi ketalisasi, dan untuk reaksi esterifikasi,  zeolit alam mordenit Bayah mampu mengkonversi asam setat sebesar 11,72% pada suhu 70oC. Kata kunci: karakterisasi; esterifikasi; gliserol; modifikasi; ketalisasi
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI Ca2+ TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK MEMBRAN PENGHANTAR ION OKSIGEN La1-xCaxCo0,8Fe0,2O3-δ
Authors: Fansuri Hamzah , Trengginas Totok , Zulaicha Vivi , Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo , Widiastuti Nurul , Purwanti Endang
Published: March 2017

Kekerasan tinggi dan koefisien muai panas rendah adalah sifat mekanik yang perlu dimiliki oleh membran rapat penghantar ion oksigen seperti LaCo1-yFeyO3 agar dapat bertahan ketika digunakan. Substitusi La3+ oleh Ca2+ diperkirakan dapat memperbaiki kedua sifat tersebut. LaCo1-yFeyO3 tersubstitusi Ca2+ disiapkan dari oksida-osida logamnya sehingga memiliki komposisi La1-xCaxCo0,8Fe0,2O3-δ (LCCF) dengan 0,1≤x≤0,4 dengan metode solid state melalui kalsinasi pada suhu 1000 °C. Data difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa serbuk LCCF yang dihasilkan memiliki kekristalan yang tinggi. LCCF tersebut selanjutnya dibuat menjadi membran yang diawali oleh pencetakan melalui penekanan serbuk LCCF dengan beban 6 ton selama 10 menit di dalam cetakan  baja tahan karat dan dilanjutkan dengan sintering hasil pencetakan pada suhu 1250 °C. Hasil pengamatan dengan SEM menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan semua membran LCCF yang dihasilkan sangat tinggi. Kekerasan rata-rata membran yang diukur dengan metode Vicker adalah 902,08;  915,42; 1093; dan 1178,6 HV masing-masing untuk LCCF 9182, 8282, 7382 dan 6482. Pengujian muai panas menunjukkan bahwa LCCF 6482 adalah membran dengan koefisien muai panas tekecil. Selain itu terlihat pula bahwa semakin tinggi jumlah substituen Ca, semakin tinggi pula kekerasannya dan semakin rendah koefisien muai panasnya. Substitusi La3+ oleh Ca2+ menghasilkan membran dengan kerapatan tinggi serta kekerasan dan koefisien muai panas yang lebih baik dalam aplikasi LCCF sebagai membran penghantar ion oksigen.
Extramammary Paget’s Disease Versus Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Pappova T. , Pec J. , Kozarova A. , Adamicova K.
Published: March 2017

Burning, itching and dyspareunia are typical symptoms of many genital diseases. These subjective complaints can be misdiagnosed because of different clinical presentations. We present a case report of a postmenopausal woman treated for genital warts over a period of three years followed by the development of leukoplastic lesions in the whitish area clinical classified as Lichen sclerosus (LS). Histology of this lesion revealed carcinoma in situ. After radical surgical removal, vulvar Paget’s disease was histologically verified. LS and extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) belong to a group of uncommon dermatoses which mainly affect the skin of the genitals in postmenopausal women. Ulceration, erosions and leukoplastic lesions can signalize the development of squamous cell carcinoma in association of lichen sclerosus, on the other hand, they can be the sign of EMPD after a long period of time using different topical agents. The importance of reaching the correct diagnosis is essential and can influence current patient investigations and invasive or non-invasive treatment.
Neues zur Entwicklung der Negation im Mittelhochdeutschen
Authors: Pickl Simon
Published: March 2017

This paper investigates the development of sentential negation in Middle High German using sermons from the Upper German dialect area. To this end, a heterogeneous yet fine-grained corpus of Alemannic and Bavarian sermons is analysed with respect to diachronic development, geographical distribution and language-internal factors. What becomes clear is that Jespersen’s Cycle, a cross-linguistic model of the development of negation that can be seen as part of the received history of German negation, fails to account for the mechanisms in the development of sentential negation in German. These mechanisms cannot be understood independently of the – in some respects parallel – development of n‑indefinites. It appears that the interplay of variation and the grammaticalisation of the n‑indefinitenicht, which co-occurred withnebut could also appear on its own, played a more important role in the emergence of the negation particlenichtthan previously thought. It is argued that whennichtwas grammaticalised it retained the variation of the n-indefinitenicht, and that the subsequent loss ofnewas a parallel development in both usages ofnicht.

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Katastrophale Kalküle
Authors: Gebert Bent
Published: March 2017

The ›Nibelungenlied‹ unfolds its story of social destruction by means of foreshadowing, which influences the level of characters as well as the narrative discourse. Various approaches elucidated how this raises and directs expectations, drawing on techniques of anticipation,

Vgl. grundlegend Burghart Wachinger: Studien zum Nibelungenlied. Vorausdeutungen, Aufbau, Motivierung, Tübingen 1960, mit Verweisbelegen auf S. 146, Anm. 2, und Analysen auf S. 5–28. Zur Auswertung der Vorausdeutungen vgl. zuvor auch Adrien Bonjour: Anticipations et prophéties dans le ›Nibelungenlied‹, in: Études Germaniques 7 (1952), S. 241–251, danach auch Harald Burger: Vorausdeutung und Erzählstruktur in mittelalterlichen Texten, in: Stefan Sonderegger [u. a.] (Hgg.): Typologia litterarum. Festschrift für Max Wehrli, Zürich 1969, S. 125–153, hier S. 142–146; resümie­rend Ursula Schulze: Das Nibelungenlied, Stuttgart 2001 (Universal-Bibliothek 17604), S. 120–131.

indeterminate gaps of characterization

Vgl. Walter Haug: Montage und Individualität im Nibelungenlied, in: Fritz Peter Knapp (Hg.): Nibelungenlied und Klage. Sage und Geschichte, Struktur und Gattung. Passauer Nibelungengespräche 1985, Heidelberg 1987, S. 277–293.

or latent modes of knowledge.

Vgl. Andrea Sieber: Latenz und weibliche Gewalt im ›Nibelungenlied‹, in: Johannes Keller u. Florian Kragl (Hgg.): Heldinnen. 10. Pöchlarner Heldenliedgespräch, Wien 2010 (Philologica Germanica 31), S. 165–184.

Less attention has been paid to the fact that these calculative effects not least result from narrative functions of computation that equally support determination and indeterminacy. The following essay seeks to explore and re-evaluate this computational ambiguity which converges in the symbol of the hoard.
Widerspruch als Erzählprinzip in der Vormoderne?
Authors: Lienert Elisabeth
Published: March 2017

In premodern narratives contradictions are omnipresent – conflicting concepts, logical inconsistencies, acts of objection. In a narratological perspective ›contradiction‹ – conflicts of incompatible knowledges and narrative patterns; inconsistencies in or between speech (by narrator or characters) and action; contradictory or inconsistent information and motivation – is apt to subvert, complicate, or enrich the textual production of meaning. The project ›Contradiction as a Narrative Principle in Premodern Narrative‹ (University of Bremen) explores different types of contradictions in medieval epic and romance.
Demographic characteristics, referrals and patients’ accessibility to an oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic
Authors: Veneti Katerina , Stafylidis Stavros , Kafkia Theodora , Kourakos Mixalis , Antoniades Konstantinos , Zilides Christos , Dalampiras Stilianos
Published: March 2017

Background: Throughout the financial crisis in Greece, health expenditures have been significantly reduced. As a result, patients’ accessibility to various health care providers has been significantly reduced. The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of patients visiting a maxillofacial clinic in Northern Greece and the patients’ accessibility to the specific healthcare. Material and Methods: Data were collected from 481, out of the 600, patients visiting for the first time the University Maxillofacial Clinic of a hospital in Northern Greece during 2013 and 2014. The sample was called to answer to an anonymous self-reference questionnaire with questions regarding their demographic and clinical characteristics, the pattern of their referral to the specific clinic, their city of residence, as well as information regarding their hospitalization. Results: The majority of patients (53.4%) were referred by a physician, while 38.4% by a dentist. More than half (51.4%) were admitted to the specific clinic with admission diagnoses such as Benign Lesions-Cysts (25.2%), Masticatory Myalgia-Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (21.6%), Infections (19.5%) and Fractures (18%). The median time to seek to hospital evaluation/treatment, from the initial diagnosis, was 30 days. Nine out of ten patients stated that there was no Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic in their area of residence, while 80.3% reported using a private means of transport to access the clinic. Conclusions: The results indicated a delay with respect to the final diagnosis, as well as difficulty in patients’ accessibility, something that could contribute to an increase in morbidity and subsequently in the cost for managing patients’ maxillofacial problems.
In vitro microleakage of class v composite restorations prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser and carbide bur
Authors: Synarellis Athanasios , Kouros Pantelis , Koulaouzidou Elisabeth , Strakas Dimitrios , Koliniotou-Koumpia Eugenia
Published: March 2017

Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the degree of microleakage on enamel and dentin margins of class V cavities prepared with either a high-speed drill or an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2780 nm) and to associate their use with a beveling method for the margin. Method and Materials: Sixty bovine incisors were randomly distributed into three groups. Group 1 (G1) cavities were laser prepared and bur beveled, group 2 (G2) cavities were bur prepared and beveled, while cavities of group 3 (G3) were laser prepared and beveled. Cavities were restored with selective enamel etching, using the same bonding agent and nano-hybrid resin composite for all groups. After thermocycling, microleakage was assessed using a methylene blue dye penetration method. Results: Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn’s multiple comparison tests) demonstrated significantly higher microleakage for dentin compared to enamel margins in G1. Enamel margin microleakage was found to be significantly higher at G3 compared to G1 (p=0.032) and G2 (p=0.001), while no significant differences were found between G1 and G2 (p=0.850). Regarding dentin margins, G2 group performed significantly better than G1 and G3 (p<<0.001), while there was no significant difference among G1 and G3 scores (p=1.000). Conclusions: The conventional cavity preparation method seems to perform better in terms of microleakage than the Er,Cr;YSGG laser. Laser-prepared cavities could perform better in terms of microleakage if an additional step of enamel bur-beveling is performed prior to restoration.
Examination of scanner precision by analysing orthodontic parameters
Authors: Majstorović Nemanja , Čerče Luka , Kramar Davorin , Soković Mirko , Glišić Branislav , Majstorović Vidosav , Živković Srđan
Published: March 2017

Background: 3D modelling in orthodontics is becoming an increasingly widespread technique in practice. One of the significant questions already being asked is related to determining the precision of the scanner used for generating surfaces on a 3D model of the jaw. Materials and methods: This research was conducted by generating a set of identical 3D models on Atos optical 3D scanner and Lazak Scan laboratory scanner, which precision was established by measuring a set of orthodontic parameters (54 overall) in all three orthodontic planes. In this manner we explored their precision in space, since they are used for generating spatial models - 3D jaws. Results: There were significant differences between parameters scanned with Atos and Lazak Scan. The smallest difference was 0.017 mm, and the biggest 1.109 mm. Conclusion: This research reveals that both scanners (Atos and Lazak Scan), which belong to general purpose scanners, based on precision parameters can be used in orthodontics. Early analyses indicate that the reference scanner in terms of precision is Atos.
Oral symptoms and mucosal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Cicmil Ana , Govedarica Olivera , Lečić Jelena , Mališ Snežana , Cicmil Smiljka , Čakić Saša
Published: March 2017

Background: Good glycoregulation at patients with diabetes mellitus is essential for prevention of many complications, including those in oral cavity. Results of numerous studies indicate that xerostomia and neurosensory oral disorders are present in type 2 diabetics. A review of the literature shows contradictory results about prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of xerostomia, neurosensory disorders and mucosal lesions in oral cavity of type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: This study involved 90 adults, 60 with type 2 diabetes and 30 healthy subjects, aged 45-65 years. With regard to value of HbA1c level diabetics were divided into two groups: 30 subjects with satisfactory glycoregulation (HbA1c<9%) and 30 subjects with poor glycoregulation (HbA1c≥9%). All patients recruited into the study completed a questionnaire that included their demographic, medical and oral health data. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa was performed by a single examiner. Results: In relation to the presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia between satisfactory controlled diabetics and healthy subjects a significant difference was observed (p<0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, poor controlled diabetics had significantly higher presence of xerostomia (p<0.001) and neurosensory disorders (p<0.05). A higher prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found in poor controlled diabetics, but significant difference between groups was not observed (p>0.05). A significant positive correlation was revealed between smoking and glossodynia as well as smoking and glossopyrosis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Glycemic control level seems to influence the susceptibility of type 2 diabetics to xerostomia and neurosensory disorders. Less clear is whether diabetes are correlated to oral mucosal lesions.
Weak approximation for isotrivial families
Authors: Tian Zhiyu , Zong Runhong
Published: March 2017

We prove weak approximation for isotrivial families of rationally connected varieties defined over the function field of a smooth projective complex curve.
Monitoring the Kinetics of Bioprocess Variables – Theory and Applications
Authors: Lyubenova V.
Published: March 2017

A new method for monitoring of bioprocess kinetics is developed where there exists a set of measured variables but the use of constant values of kinetic parameters is not acceptable. The method is based on new formalization of kinetics of biotechnological processes. It is generalized in one vector including unknown time-varying parameters only. For kinetics estimation, a general structure of software sensor is presented. A optimization procedure for tuning of the sensor’s parameters is proposed on the basis of stability and convergence analysis. The proposed method is applied for monitoring of bioprocesses for gluconic acid, alpha-amylase and ethanol production.
Digital Signing of Data in the Web-based Information Systems
Authors: Pilev D.
Published: March 2017

Digital signing of data in the Web-based IS is one of the most secure methods for guaranteeing the authenticity of data. Storage of user keys is particularly important for this methodology. The present development proposes a new algorithm for storage and usage of user keys for the database by the digital certificate of the client. The proposed methodology was designed for protection of data in a particular information system. One of the characteristics of this system is the great number of authorized users with rights for access and modification of various parts of data. With such systems it is extremely important to guarantee the authenticity of data stored in the system. Digital signing of data provides such guarantee of their authenticity.
Design and Implementation of Cascade LQR Controller for Stabilization of Two-Wheeled Robot
Authors: Slavov Ts. , Kralev J. , Petkov P.
Published: March 2017

In this paper the developed two-wheeled robot and cascade LQR controller, Kalman filters, PI and PID controllers are presented. The cascade LQR controller stabilizes the two-wheeled robot in upright position. The PID controller ensures good tracking of wheel position reference and the PI controller steers two-wheeled robot rotation around the vertical axis. A software in MATLAB®/Simulink environment intended for design and generation of control code which is embedded in a Texas Instruments Digital Signal Controller is developed. Simulation and experimental results of system performance are given that confirm the efficiency of the control system developed.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-(2-butyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyldiethylcarbamodithioate, C27H34N4O3S2
Authors: Liu Ya-Tong , Kang Lei , Li Na-Na , Xing Zhi-Yong
Published: March 2017

C27H34N4O3S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.7267(7) Å, b = 10.5415(5) Å, c = 14.1637(4) Å, β = 91.644(3)°, V = 2645.62(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0620, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2008, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4,10,16,22-tetrahydroxy-6,12,18,24-tetramethoxy-2,8,14,20-tetraethylphenylresorcin[4]arene – ethyl acetate (1/1), C68H72O10
Authors: Samipillai Marivel , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Maguire Glenn E. M.
Published: March 2017

C68H72O10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 13.3619(4) Å, b = 13.9234(4) Å, c = 16.6975(5) Å, α = 96.023(2)°, β = 104.537(1)°, γ = 105.625(1)°, V = 2845.85(15) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0491, wR
ref(F2) = 0.1311, T = 173 K.
Study on node importance evaluation of the high-speed passenger traffic complex network based on the Structural Hole Theory
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Bingzhi
Published: March 2017

Complex Network Theory can analyze the reliability of high-speed passenger traffic networks and also evaluate node importance. This paper conducts a systematic and in-depth research of importance of various nodes in the high-speed passenger traffic network so as to improve the high-speed passenger traffic network level. To study importance of network nodes can contribute to an in-depth understanding of the network structure. Therefore, the complex network is introduced and the node importance is evaluated. The characteristics of the complex network are briefly analyzed. In order to study the high-speed passenger traffic nodes, the network restraint coefficient, the network scale, the efficiency, the grade level, the partial clustering coefficient of degree and structural hole. Besides, the algorithm to calculate node importance is designed. Through analysis of the high-speed passenger network, the accuracy and practicability of the Complex Network Theory in evaluating node importance are pointed out. It is also proved that Complex Network Theory can help optimize high-speed passenger traffic networks and improve traffic efficiency.
Coupling of two-phase flow in fractured-vuggy reservoir with filling medium
Authors: Xie Haojun , Li Aifen , Huang Zhaoqin , Gao Bo , Peng Ruigang
Published: March 2017

Caves in fractured-vuggy reservoir usually contain lots of filling medium, so the two-phase flow in formations is the coupling of free flow and porous flow, and that usually leads to low oil recovery. Considering geological interpretation results, the physical filled cave models with different filling mediums are designed. Through physical experiment, the displacement mechanism between un-filled areas and the filling medium was studied. Based on the experiment model, we built a mathematical model of laminar two-phase coupling flow considering wettability of the porous media. The free fluid region was modeled using the Navier-Stokes and Cahn-Hilliard equations, and the two-phase flow in porous media used Darcy's theory. Extended BJS conditions were also applied at the coupling interface. The numerical simulation matched the experiment very well, so this numerical model can be used for two-phase flow in fracture-vuggy reservoir. In the simulations, fluid flow between inlet and outlet is free flow, so the pressure difference was relatively low compared with capillary pressure. In the process of water injection, the capillary resistance on the surface of oil-wet filling medium may hinder the oil-water gravity differentiation, leading to no fluid exchange on coupling interface and remaining oil in the filling medium. But for the water-wet filling medium, capillary force on the surface will coordinate with gravity. So it will lead to water imbibition and fluid exchange on the interface, high oil recovery will finally be reached at last.
Fertility, Marriage, and Family Planning in Iran: Implications for Future Policy
Authors: Hosseini-Chavoshi Meimanat , Abbasi-Shavazi Mohammad Jalal , McDonald Peter
Published: March 2017

The Islamic Republic of Iran has experienced a remarkable demographic transition over the last three decades. As a result of social, demographic and economic changes, Iran’s fertility declined from 7.0 births per woman in 1980 to around 1.8 to 2.0 in 2011 based on our estimation (McDonald et al. 2015). The initial rise and rapid fall of fertility accompanied by a decline of child mortality led to a post-revolutionary youth bulge in the age distribution that will lead to rapid ageing in the longer-term future. Others have argued that Iran’s fertility has fallen to much lower levels - as low as 1.5 births per woman (eg. Erfani 2013). Such low estimates led to the Government of Iran adopting a pronatalist policy with the aim of increasing fertility, although the components of the policy are still under discussion. Different views have been expressed on the role of family planning and other programs in meeting population policy goals in Iran in the future with some advocating the discontinuation of government assistance to family planning. This paper aims to review the trends and levels of fertility, marriage, and family planning and their implications for policy. Using various datasets and detailed parity-based measures of fertility, the dynamics of fertility regulation practiced by Iranian couples are investigated. Our findings suggest that contraceptive use stabilized before 2000 and postponement of the first child and wide birth intervals are the main contributors to the level of fertility. Therefore, instead of discontinuation of the family planning program, policy to sustain fertility at its present level or a little higher needs to focus upon improving the economic circumstances of young people so that they are able to make less constrained choices about family formation than is the case at present.
Sowing Date and Rate Effect on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Yield Components’ Formation
Authors: Balodis Oskars , Gaile Zinta
Published: March 2017

Crop yield per area is the product of plant density and productivity of an individual plant. Plant density and the time of winter oilseed rape sowing influences yield components (parameters of individual plant productivity), such as pod number per plant, seed number per pod, plant productivity, seed weight, and plant branching. The aim of this three-year (2008–2010) study was to investigate winter oilseed rape yield components depending on sowing date (five sowing dates) and sowing rate (four sowing rates for each variety) as initial cause of plant density at harvest for two type winter oilseed rape varieties (open pollinated ‘Californium’ and hybrid ‘Excalibur’). Field trials were carried out at the Research and Study Farm “Vecauce” of the Latvia University of Agriculture. Winter oilseed rape yield components (pod number per plant and seed number per pod, plant productivity (seed number per plant and plant productivity in g) as well as the number of primary branches per plant) were affected (p < 0.05) by sowing date and rate for both varieties. In general, no significant effect of sowing rate on 1000-seed weight was observed (p > 0.05), but sowing date influenced this component significantly (p < 0.05). A yield compensation mechanism was demonstrated by significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between plant density at harvest and parameters of individual plant productivity.
Does the Structural Organisation of Lower-Secondary Education in Switzerland Influence Students’ Opportunities of Transition to Upper- Secondary Education? A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Scharenberg Katja , Wohlgemuth Karin , Hupka-Brunner Sandra
Published: March 2017

The Swiss cantonal education systems account for the structural organisation of lower-secondary education (streamed, cooperative or integrated models). We examined whether structural cantonal variations affect students’ transition to upper-secondary education. Analyses drew on data from the TREE study. Multilevel logistic regression analyses indicated that students in cantons with a cooperative or integrated model had, by trend, a higher chance of gaining access to upper-secondary education. The effect was confounded with the language regions.
Risk of Malpractice Claims and Changes in Professional Autonomy: A Qualitative Study of Obstetrician-Gynaecologists in Switzerland
Authors: Hammer Raphaël
Published: March 2017

Based on interviews, this article explores how obstetrician-gynaecologists in Switzerland deal with and respond to the risk of malpractice claims. It describes the factors associated with the interviewees’ perceived increasing risk of litigation, as well as three attitudes towards the use of consent forms as a means of managing such a risk. This article suggests that the perceived risk of claims is closely linked to the physicians’ perception of how external regulation shapes their professional autonomy.
High quality RNA from hydroponically grown grapevine roots suitable for gene expression studies
Authors: Chenenaoui Synda , Daldoul Samia , Mliki Ahmed
Published: March 2017

Objectives

Grapevine root system plays a great role in sensing and adapting to abiotic and biotic stresses. Identification of candidate genes involved in the tolerance to abiotic stress is becoming a crucial strategy to select and breed resilient genotypes. However, obtaining high quality RNA from grapevine roots under hydroponic culture is difficult. Hence, we have developed a new extraction procedure to improve RNA quality for root gene expression studies.

Methods

Conventional RNA extraction methods using CTAB are not suitable for gene expression studies and need to be improved. Here we report the application of a CTAB- based method for RNA extraction using an additional clean-up purification step.

Results

The RIN value of the resulting RNA indicated that our procedure allowed the purification of high RNA quality and quantity. Hence, the clean-up purification step efficiently eliminated contaminants which inhibit downstream applications. Derived RNA was successfully used for differential gene expression analysis in salt stressed grapevine by Northern Blot hybridizations.

Conclusion

In this study, we developed an efficient RNA isolation protocol from hydroponic cultivated grapevine roots which yielded RNA suitable for gene expression studies. This will open large perspectives in grapevine functional genomics with the identification of pertinent genes of agronomic interest.
Balance Training With a Dynamometric Platform Following Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Roig-Casasús Sergio , Blasco José María , López-Bueno Laura , Blasco-Igual María Clara
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose:

Sensorimotor training has proven to be an efficient approach for recovering balance control following total knee replacement (TKR). The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the influence of specific balance-targeted training using a dynamometric platform on the overall state of balance in older adults undergoing TKR.

Methods:

This was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a university hospital rehabilitation unit. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to a control group or an experimental group. Both groups participated in the same 4-week postoperative rehabilitation training protocol. Participants in the experimental group performed additional balance training with a dynamometric platform consisting of tests related to stability challenges, weight-shifting, and moving to the limits of stability. The primary outcome measure was the overall state of balance rated according to the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes in terms of balance were the Timed Up and Go Test, Functional Reach Test, and Romberg open and closed-eyes tests. Data processing included between-group analysis of covariance, minimal detectable change assessment for the primary outcome measure, and effect size estimation. Confidence intervals (CIs) were set at 95%.

Results:

Forty-three participants meeting the inclusion criteria and having signed the informed consent were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Thirty-seven completed the training (86.1%). Significant between-group differences in balance performance were found as measured with the Berg Balance Scale (P = .03) and Functional Reach Test (P = .04) with a CI = 95%. Significant differences were not recorded for the Timed Up and Go Test or Romberg open and closed-eyes tests (P > .05). Furthermore, Cohen's effect size resulted in a value of d = 0.97, suggesting a high practical significance of the trial.

Discussion and Conclusions:

According to the Berg Balance Scale and Functional Reach Test, participants with TKR who have followed a 4-week training program using a dynamometric platform improved balance performance to a higher extent than a control group training without such a device. The inclusion of this instrument in the functional training protocol may be beneficial for recovering balance following TKR.
Physical and Nutritional Prehabilitation in Older Patients With Colorectal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Looijaard Stéphanie M. L. M. , Slee-Valentijn Monique S. , Otten René H. J. , Maier Andrea B.
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose:

Sarcopenia and malnourishment are highly prevalent in older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), who form a growing group of patients at risk of adverse outcome after surgery. Intervention on physical function and/or nutritional status may decrease the risk of postoperative complications. However, the overall effect of preoperative physical and nutritional interventions (better known as prehabilitation) in older patients with CRC remains unknown. The objective was to review the literature on physical and nutritional prehabilitation performed as observational cohort studies or randomized controlled trials in patients 60 years and older undergoing elective CRC surgery.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase.com, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 16, 2015, for relevant literature. Search terms included colorectal cancer, aged, pre- and perioperative period, surgery, physical activity, and nutrition.

Results:

A total of 6 studies were included: 1 study applied a physical intervention, 3 studies applied a nutritional intervention, and 2 studies applied a combination of both interventions. None of the preoperative interventions significantly reduced length of stay, mortality, or readmission rates.

Conclusions:

Physical and nutritional prehabilitation in older patients with CRC has not shown a significant reduction in postoperative complications or length of stay. One study that examined the effect of a perioperative nutritional supplement reported a reduction in postoperative complications. Future research should explore targeted combined interventions, taking into account physical and nutritional patient requirements.
Improved Functional Performance in Individuals With Dementia After a Moderate-Intensity Home-Based Exercise Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dawson Nicole , Judge Katherine S. , Gerhart Hayden
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose:

Individuals with dementia (IWDs) experience difficulties across cognitive and functional domains. Nonpharmacological interventions aimed at reducing disability are greatly needed. Exercise is a low-cost and easily implemented approach, but investigation has yielded mixed evidence to date. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate a novel and innovative moderate-intensity functional exercise intervention for IWDs, which was developed using principles from exercise science along with a Strength-Based Approach, consisting of 24 home-based sessions.

Methods:

A randomized, controlled intervention trial with a 2-group pretest and posttest design was used with a sample of 23 community-dwelling IWDs (intervention group: n = 13; comparison group: n = 10). Average age of participants was 73.9 years (standard deviation, 9.1) with mild to moderate cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination, Mean = 20.8; standard deviation, 5.0).

Results and Discussion:

A 99.0% attendance rate indicated high adherence to the moderate-intensity exercise program. Efficacy was examined using multiple linear regression. Group assignment significantly predicted performance in key outcome measures, with IWDs from the intervention group improving in lower extremity strength (B = 5.92, t = 3.26, P = .004), balance (B = 4.04, t = 4.13, P = .001), and fast gait speed (B = .32, t = 2.61, P = .02). These findings indicated IWDs are able to participate in and benefit from a moderate-intensity functional exercise program, consisting of strength and balance activities.

Conclusions:

The current intervention used a Strength-Based Approach to facilitate implementation of exercise activities that could be completed by the sample. Therefore, integration of these techniques into mainstream clinical practice and research should be feasible with this patient population. Future research directions and implications of these findings also are discussed.
Subclinical hypothyroidism: to treat or not to treat, that is the question! A systematic review with meta-analysis on lipid profile
Authors: Abreu Isabel M , Lau Eva , de Sousa Pinto Bernardo , Carvalho Davide
Published: March 2017

Previous studies suggested that subclinical hypothyroidism has a detrimental effect on cardiovascular risk factors, and that its effective treatment may have a beneficial impact on overall health. The main purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to assess whether subclinical hypothyroidism treatment is of clinical relevance, based on cardiovascular risk parameters correction. A systemic research of the literature using MEDLINE tool was performed to identify the relevant studies. Only placebo-controlled randomized control trials were included. A quantitative analysis was also performed. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials assess the different impact of levothyroxine vs placebo treatment. A significant decrease in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was obtained with levothyroxine therapy (66, 9 and 14%, respectively) and, although modest, this could be significant in terms of reduction of the incidence of coronary artery disease. Other significant results of lipid parameters were not obtained. This systematic review provides a strong evidence-based data in favour of specific changes and beneficial effects of levothyroxine treatment.
TGFB1 represses the expression of SF1 and LRH1 to inhibit E2 production in rat LCs
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Ma Binfang , Qiao Huilian , Ma He , Dong Yuhang , Cao Liang , Ma Jing , Li Zhen
Published: March 2017

Leydig cells (LCs) in the adult testis have been identified as the major sites of oestrogen production, which is crucial for mammalian germ cell differentiation. Our previous work showed that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) inhibits estradiol (E2) secretion via down-regulating Cyp19 gene expression in mature rat LCs. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, the effects of TGFB1 on the expression levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH1), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) were evaluated both in primary cultured LCs and in rat testis. The involvement of TGFB1 signalling in the regulation of SF1 and LRH1 expression was then validated by applying the inhibitor of the TGFB type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) SB431542. Moreover, the expression of CYP19 in testicular LCs was investigated and the production of E2 in testicular interstitial fluid (TIF) was measured. The results showed that TGFB1 especially down-regulated the expression levels of SF1 and LRH1 both in primary cultured LCs and in rat testis. The down-regulations of TGFB1 in the production of E2 in TIF and the expression of CYP19 in testicular LCs were also observed in vivo. These inhibitory effects could be reversed by TGFBR1 inhibitor SB431542. Our findings suggest that TGFB1 may act through the canonical signalling pathway involving ALK5 to restrain SF1 and LRH1 accumulation and eventually attenuate Cyp19 transcription and oestrogen production in LCs.