bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The forgotten origin of Acanthobothrium Blanchard, 1848 (Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae)
Authors: MACHADO DENIS JACOB , DE LUNA MARQUES FERNANDO PORTELLA
Published: April 2019

The genus Acanthobothrium assembles a set of cosmopolitan onchobothriid tapeworms parasites of elasmobranchs. Despite its clear diagnostic features, which include a scolex with four bothridia each bearing three loculi and a pair of bipronged hooks, this genus is represented by species that possess a diversity of morphologies and host lineages (e.g. rays, skates, guitarfishes, and sharks; Campbell & Beveridge 2002; Zschoche et al. 2011). The wide distribution of this genus, its diverse morphology, and, perhaps most importantly, its lengthy and complex taxonomic history likely account for the fact that, to date, the absolute number of valid species, of potentially more than 200 nominal species, cannot be assigned to the genus with certainty. Clearly, a taxonomic revision of this group is overdue; a task that certainly will only be accomplished by collaborative efforts of cestodologists around the globe, given the widespread distribution of its species and the necessity of collecting new material to verify host identities and morphology in many cases. It is not our purpose here to provide such a revision. However, in order to get the basis for such a task, it is our intention to clarify the authorship, date of publication, type species, and type host of Acanthobothrium. To the best of our understanding, these have been mistakenly assigned throughout the taxonomic history of the genus.
A new species of Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: GU XIAOMING , CHEN RONGRONG , TIAN YINGZHOU , LI SONG , RAN JINGCHENG
Published: April 2019

In this study, we describe a new species of salamander, Paramesotriton maolanensis sp. n., from the MaolanNational Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The new species is placed in the genusParamesotriton based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. It differs from all other members of thegenus in a number of morphological characteristics, especially in its much larger body size, absence of granularwarts from head and body, largely reduced external eyes and peculiar shape of epibranchia in hyoid apparatus. Weexamined the relationships of nuclear POMC haplotypes between and within the new species and six recognizedspecies. POMC variation and published mitochondrial data suggested that the new species’ closest known relativesare P. longliensis, P. zhijinensis and P. caudopunctatus, and it should be placed into the P. caudopunctatus species group or subgenus Allomesotriton.
Validation and new synonymies proposed for Cheiracanthium species from South and Southeast Asia (Araneae, Clubionidae)
Authors: DANKITTIPAKUL PAKAWIN , BECCALONI JANET
Published: April 2019

The primary types of Cheiracanthium species from South and Southeast Asia were examined. Cheiracanthium insigne O.P.–Cambridge, 1874 is considered a senior synonym of Eutittha gracilipes Thorell, 1895 (male). Eutittha truncata Thorell,1895 (female) is not a conspecific female of E. gracilipes, provisionally threated as a separate species and proposed hereas a valid taxon because it does not resemble the female of C. insigne. Cheiracanthium rupicolum (Thorell, 1897) is re-garded as a senior synonym of C. gyirongense Hu & Li, 1987. The Himalaya form of C. triviale (Thorell, 1895), whichwas mentioned and illustrated in Gravely (1931), was misidentified and belongs to C. rupicolum. Cheiracanthium insu-lanum (Thorell, 1878) bears strong resemblance to that of C. melanostomum (Thorell, 1895); they probably belong to the same species.
Molluscan taxa in the publications of the Museum Godeffroy of Hamburg, with a discussion of the Godeffroy Sales Catalogs (1864–1884), the Journal des Museum Godeffroy (1873–1910), and a history of the museum
Authors: BIELER RÜDIGER , PETIT RICHARD E.
Published: April 2019

The Museum Godeffroy (1861–1885), a private natural history museum in Hamburg (Germany) founded by the merchantJohn Cesar VI Godeffroy, functioned as a research and public display museum, as well as a natural history specimendealership. Large collections of zoological, botanical, ethnographic, and anthropological specimens were obtained bycompany employees and an international group of contract collectors, mostly in the Pacific, made available for study tospecialists, and placed in the museum’s holdings or distributed by sale. The museum produced two series of publications,both containing descriptions of new zoological taxa as well as nomina nuda: a set of Museum Godeffroy Catalogs(1864–1884) and the Journal des Museum Godeffroy (1873–1910), both described and dated in detail herein. This papersummarizes the history of the museum and its collecting efforts, with special focus on malacological research and thedevelopment and fate of molluscan collections of the Museum Godeffroy, with much of the material having passed toHamburg’s Naturhistorisches Museum where they were largely destroyed during World War II. Using a species-levelnumbering system, the Museum Godeffroy Catalog series (and the labels associated with Museum Godeffroy specimens thatwere sold and traded worldwide) introduced hundreds of gastropod and bivalve nomina nuda into the molluscan literature.Previously uncertain dating of the malacological publications in the Museum’s Journal, mostly by Rudolph Bergh on Pacificnudibranchs, similarly created taxonomic confusion as many of the supposedly new taxa were near-simultaneously publishedalso in other serial publications. 591 molluscan names in the Museum Godeffroy Catalogs, and 59 in the Journal arediscussed. It is shown that 42 molluscan names date from these publications, all of them gastropods: 1 (preoccupied) genus-group name and 4 replacement species names by J. D. E. Schmeltz, 5 genera and 31 species-group taxa by R. Bergh, and 1 species by F. Heynemann.
Two new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera de Carpish in central Peru (Departamento de Huánuco)
Authors: LEHR EDGAR , ORÓZ ANAHÍ
Published: April 2019

We describe two new species of Phrynopus from cloud forests of the Cordillera de Carpish, Departamento de Huánuco incentral Peru, increasing the number of currently known Phrynopus to 23. Phrynopus interstinctus n. sp. is described basedon one female (SVL 23.8 mm) and two males (SVL 14.9–16.5 mm). Specimens were found between 3100 and 3180 melevation. This species has weakly developed dorsolateral folds, minute dentigerous processes of vomers, no tympanum,and coloration in life consisting of a reddish-brown, dark grayish-brown or olive-brown dorsum, a black venter with whiteblotches and flecks, and a black groin with large white blotches that are partially pale salmon. Phrynopus vestigiatus n.sp. is described based on a single female (SVL 18.8 mm) specimen that was found at 3100 m elevation. This species hasprominent, discontinuous, undulated dorsolateral folds, a X-shaped ridge in occipital region, a middorsal Y-shaped ridge,short postocular folds, minute dentigerous processes of vomers, no tympanum, and a coloration in life consisting of a creamish-brown dorsum, a dark brown venter with white spots, and a dark brown groin with red blotches.
Description of two new fossil echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) of the Paris Basin (France)
Authors: SAUCÈDE THOMAS , DUDICOURT JEAN-CHRISTOPHE , COURVILLE PHILIPPE
Published: April 2019

Two new echinoid genera and species, Salvaster roberti gen. et sp. nov. and Pygolampas edita gen. et sp. nov. are de-scribed. They were collected in the Calcaires à Spatangues Formation (CSF) that consists of limestone and clay sedimentsdeposited in the southeast of the Paris Basin (France) during the Early Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous). The CSF is datedfrom the Acanthodiscus radiatus chronozone, a time-interval of overall high sea level in Western Europe, but it yields arich shallow-water fossil fauna mostly represented by benthic invertebrates. Of the 54 echinoid species ever described inthe CSF, 26 species are recognized here. They are distributed into 16 different families, among which regular (13 species)and irregular (13 species) echinoids are represented in equal proportion. This work confirms the high level of echinoid diversity in the CSF for that time-period.
A new species of palicid crab (Crustacea, Decapoda: Brachyura: Palicidae) from the Andaman Sea, west coast of Thailand
Authors: PROMDAM RUEANGRIT , NABHITABHATA JARUWAT
Published: April 2019

Pseudopalicus bidens (Brachyura, Palicidae) is described as a new species from the Andaman Sea, on the western coast of Thailand. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by its anterolateral teeth on each side of the carapace, with the first two being considerably larger than the last two, as well as for morphology of the gonopods. The new species will bring the number of described Pseudopalicus Moosa & Serene, 1981, species to twelve.
Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 810 new records
Authors: FRICKE RONALD , ALLEN GERALD R. , AMON DIETMAR , ANDRÉFOUËT SERGE , CHEN WEI-JEN , KINCH JEFF , MANA RALPH , RUSSELL BARRY C. , TULLY DEAN , WHITE WILLIAM T.
Published: April 2019

A checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of New Ireland Province is presented, with special emphasis on Kavieng District, combining both previous and new records. After the recent KAVIENG 2014 expedition, a total of 1325 species in 153 families were recorded from the region. The largest families are the Gobiidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Serranidae, Apogonidae, Lutjanidae, Chaetodontidae, Blenniidae, Carangidae, Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Holocentridae, Syn-gnathidae, Lethrinidae and Scorpaenidae. A total of 810 fish species (61.1 % of the total marine and estuarine fish fauna) are recorded from New Ireland for the first time.The fish fauna of New Ireland includes 142 species in transitional waters and 1264 species in marine habitats, and 54 species species in freshwater habitats. Zoogeographically, 1179 species have a wide distribution range, most frequently a broad Indo-West Pacific distribution. Among the remaining species, just 12 are endemic to New Ireland.
A review of the flying fish genus Cypselurus (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae). Part 1. Revision of the subgenus Zonocypselurus Parin and Bogorodsky, 2011 with descriptions of one new subgenus, four new species and two new subspecies and reinstatement of one species as valid
Authors: SHAKHOVSKOY ILIA B. , PARIN NIKOLAY V.
Published: April 2019

The first part of the review of the four-winged flying fishes of the genus Cypselurus is presented, and shows that seven species belonging to two genera were mixed under the name Cypselurus (Zonocypselurus) hexazona, none of which is identical to Exocoetus hexazona Bleeker. A new subgenus of flying fish (Amustotrogon subgen. nov.) and four new species (Cheilopogon marisrubri, Cheilopogon katherinae, Cypselurus bosha, Cypselurus olpar) are described. The validity of Cypselurus formosus Kotthaus, 1969 is reinstated (as Cheilopogon (Amustotrogon) formosus). Three subspecies of Cheilopogon formosus are recognized: Ch. formosus formosus, Ch. f. pseudospilopterus subsp. nov. and Ch. f. andamanicus subsp. nov. Morphology of species and subspecies at different stages of ontogeny is described. Maps of their geographical distribution are presented. A key for identification of flying fish taxa described in the work is included.
Climate Science Needs to Take Risk Assessment Much More Seriously
Authors: Sutton Rowan T.
Published: April 2019

For decision-makers, climate change is a problem in risk assessment and risk management. It is, therefore, surprising that the needs and lessons of risk assessment have not featured more centrally in the consideration of priorities for physical climate science research, or in the Working Group I contributions to the major assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This article considers the reasons, which include a widespread view that the job of physical climate science is to provide predictions and projections—with a focus on likelihood rather than risk—and that risk assessment is a job for others. This view, it is argued, is incorrect. There is an urgent need for physical climate science to take the needs of risk assessment much more seriously. The challenge of meeting this need has important implications for priorities in climate research, climate modeling, and climate assessments.
Evaluation of an Accessible, Real-Time, and Infrastructure-Free Indoor Navigation System by Users Who Are Blind in the Mall of America
Authors: Giudice Nicholas A. , Whalen William E. , Riehle Timothy H. , Anderson Shane M. , Doore Stacy A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

This article describes an evaluation of MagNav, a speech-based, infrastructure-free indoor navigation system. The research was conducted in the Mall of America, the largest shopping mall in the United States, to empirically investigate the impact of memory load on route-guidance performance.

Method:

Twelve participants who are blind and 12 age-matched sighted controls participated in the study. Comparisons are made for route-guidance performance between use of updated, real-time route instructions (system-aided condition) and a system-unaided (memory-based condition) where the same instructions were only provided in advance of route travel. The sighted controls (who navigated under typical visual perception but used the system for route guidance) represent a best case comparison benchmark with the blind participants who used the system.

Results:

Results across all three test measures provide compelling behavioral evidence that blind navigators receiving real-time verbal information from the MagNav system performed route travel faster (navigation time), more accurately (fewer errors in reaching the destination), and more confidently (fewer requests for bystander assistance) compared to conditions where the same route information was only available to them in advance of travel. In addition, no statistically reliable differences were observed for any measure in the system-aided conditions between the blind and sighted participants. Posttest survey results corroborate the empirical findings, further supporting the efficacy of the MagNav system.

Discussion:

This research provides compelling quantitative and qualitative evidence showing the utility of an infrastructure-free, low-memory demand navigation system for supporting route guidance through complex indoor environments and supports the theory that functionally equivalent navigation performance is possible when access to real-time environmental information is available, irrespective of visual status.

Implications for designers and practitioners:

Findings provide insight for the importance of developers of accessible navigation systems to employ interfaces that minimize memory demands.
Adverse Events after Rigid and Flexible Endoscopic Repair of Zenker’s Diverticula: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Crawley Brianna , Dehom Salem , Tamares Shanalee , Marghalani Abdullah , Ongkasuwan Julina , Reder Lindsay , Ivey Chandra , Amin Milan , Fritz Mark , Pitman Michael , Tulunay‐Ugur Ozlem , Weissbrod Philip
Published: April 2019

Objective

To determine adverse events after endoscopic flexible vs endoscopic rigid cricopharyngeal myotomy for treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD).

Data Sources

Systematic review of MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for all years according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional studies were identified from review citations and a by hand search of manuscripts referencing ZD.

Review Methods

A structured literature search was conducted to identify studies for this systematic review. Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria were applied to assess study quality. For inclusion, each study had to provide data for at least 10 adult patients who had undergone endoscopic ZD repair reporting clear association with the postprocedure course in each case. Data extracted included all reported adverse events, recurrences, follow‐up, and operative times.

Results

In total, 115 studies were included. All but 8 were retrospective case series. Sixty‐one reported series of patients after rigid endoscopic stapler repair, 31 after rigid laser repair, and 13 with other rigid endoscopic instruments. Twenty‐nine flexible endoscopic studies were included. Mortality, infection, and perforation were not significantly more likely in either the rigid or the flexible group, but bleeding and recurrence were more likely after flexible endoscopic techniques (20% vs <10% and 4% vs 0%, respectively). Dental injury and vocal fold palsy were reported rarely in the rigid endoscopic groups.

Conclusions

Adverse events are rare after endoscopic Zenker’s repair. The flexible approach minimizes exposure limitations and can be completed in some patients without general anesthesia. Transoral rigid approaches result in fewer revision surgeries compared with flexible diverticulotomy.
A Cross‐sectional Analysis of Pediatric Ambulatory Tonsillectomy Surgery in the United States
Authors: Kou Yann‐Fuu , Mitchell Ron B. , Johnson Romaine F.
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To report nationwide estimates of ambulatory tonsillectomies performed in hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers in the United States.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Setting

National databases.

Subjects and Methods

We analyzed the 2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey of hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers for pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. We determined estimations of the number of procedures, demographics, and outcomes. A tonsillectomy cohort from the 2009 National Inpatient Sample served as a comparison group.

Results

In 2010, there were an estimated 339,000 (95% CI, 288,000‐391,000) ambulatory tonsillectomies in the United States. The mean age was 7.8 years (SD, 5.1), and 71,000 (21.0%) were <3 years old. The male:female ratio was even (51% vs 49%). The racial makeup mirrored the US census (69% white, 18% Hispanic, and 12% black). Obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing was reported in 48%. Perioperative events such as apnea, hypoxia, or bleeding occurred 7.8% of the time. Approximately 9% of patients could not be discharged home. When compared with cases of inpatient tonsillectomies, ambulatory cases comprised older patients (7.8 vs 5.9 years, P <. 001) and were less likely to include obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (48% vs 77%, P <. 001).

Conclusion

Tonsillectomy was one of the most common ambulatory surgical procedures in 2010 in the United States. The majority of patients were low risk, but some at higher risk were included (age ≤3 years and obstructive sleep apnea). The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey estimates provide useful baseline data for future research on quality measures and outcomes.
Should Cost Be Formally Incorporated into Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations?
Authors: Wilson Meghan N.
Published: April 2019

There is increasing discussion worldwide on explicitly including cost as part of the clinical practice guideline development process. While this could enhance our understanding of value‐based care and improve resource utilization, there are many practical challenges for cost inclusion. This commentary explores this issue, examining it from multiple angles and giving pros and cons to inclusion in future guidelines.
Relationship quality and comfort talking about sex as predictors of sexual health among young women
Authors: Landor Antoinette M. , Ramseyer Winter Virginia
Published: April 2019

Dating relationships of young adults have gained increased attention in recent years. However, the relationship characteristics and interpersonal factors that are associated with positive sexual health outcomes among young women in monogamous, sexual relationships are not well understood. Using a sample of 339 young adult women, this study examined how relationship quality was associated with sexual health outcomes and whether these associations varied by comfort communicating about sex. Relationship quality and comfort communicating about sex was associated with pregnancy prevention and substance use during sexual activity. Comfort communicating about sex also moderated the link between relationship quality and taking more precautions to prevent pregnancy. Additionally, results indicated that young women who were more comfortable communicating about sex had higher odds of substance use during sexual activity. Findings suggest that research should not underestimate the potential sexual risk of monogamous relationships and that relationship characteristics should be discussed when practitioners are encouraging healthy sexual decision-making.
Short-term, low-dose fluoxetine prevents oestrous cycle-linked increase in anxiety-like behaviour in female rats
Authors: Machado Figueiredo Rebeca , de Carvalho Milene Cristina , Brandão Marcus Lira , Lovick Thelma Anderson
Published: April 2019

Background and aims:

We sought a robust behavioural test that evoked increased anxiety-like behaviour during the late dioestrus phase of the oestrous cycle (similar to the premenstrual period in women) and tested whether this could be prevented by acute low-dose fluoxetine (FLX).

Methods:

Female Wistar rats in different stages of their cycle were exposed to four different tests of anxiety-like behaviour.

Results:

No oestrous cycle differences were detected in fear potentiated startle or conditioned freezing to an aversive context. In a light switch-off test where rats move from one compartment of a shuttle-box to the other to turn off an aversive light, females displayed enhanced responding in late dioestrus. During isolation restraint stress females in late dioestrus emitted three times more 22 kHz ultrasound vocalisations (USV) than at other cycle stages. Using the USV test, short-term administration of low-dose FLX (1.75 mg kg−1, i.p.) designed to blunt the sharp fall in brain allopregnanolone concentration during late dioestrus but without affecting 5-HT systems, prevented the increase in isolation stress-evoked USVs.

Conclusions:

The light switch-off and isolation restraint-induced USV tests evoke unconditioned adverse emotional responses that are ethologically relevant and sensitive to oestrous cycle stage. The USV test fulfils many criteria required of a model for premenstrual syndrome in women. Using the USV test, short-term administration of FLX to increase brain allopregnanolone concentration without affecting 5-HT systems prevented the increased USV responding in late dioestrus. Short-term low-dose FLX treatment may have potential to alleviate development of adverse premenstrual symptoms in women.
Information-seeking behaviour of undergraduate students: A developing country perspective
Authors: Howlader Ahmadul Islam , Islam Md Anwarul
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of the undergraduate students at Dhaka University, Bangladesh. Questionnaires were distributed to the students and data were collected over a period of 60 days between November and December 2017. Of the 450 questionnaires distributed, 339 were returned where the response rate was 75.33%. It was found that most undergraduates needed academic and job-related information. To meet those needs, they often went to the library to study and to prepare for competitive job exams. For doing academic work, they were heavily dependent on the class lectures and they were only slightly satisfied with the library services they get. This study brought out the findings that undergraduates’ information skills were poor and they were not aware of the library resources. The outcome of this research would help to develop information resources and services for the undergraduates in developing countries.
In situ polymerization of poly aniline—SPEEK-PMA-based proton exchange membrane for DMFC application
Authors: Arul Joseph Helen Therese JB , Selvakumar K , Gayathri R , Ramesh Prabhu M , Sivakumar P
Published: April 2019

Composite membranes based on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) have been prepared by solution casting technique. SPEEK/PMA membrane surfaces are modified with polyaniline (PANI) by in situ polymerization. The structural and electrochemical properties of the surface modified membranes are studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and tensile strength. The AFM image shows that the hetero polyacids are better compatible with SPEEK matrix. The SPEEKs/PMAs membranes achieved acceptable proton conductivity with increasing in weight ratios of PMAs and reached highest proton conductivity of 5.5 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. With Lower swelling ratio, high thermal stability, proton conductivity, and relative selectivity, SPEEKs/PMAs-PANI membranes can be a promising material as Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) applications.
Effects of pressure, boundary conditions, and cutting reliefs on thermo-hydroforming of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite helmet based on numerical optimization
Authors: Ahn Hyunchul , Kuuttila Nicholas Eric , Pourboghrat Farhang
Published: April 2019

Compared with layup techniques, thermo-hydroforming is shown to be a viable process for mass production of thermoplastic composite structures due to its relatively rapid cycle time and low impact on the microstructure of the material. However, unlike layup technique, thermo-hydroforming can produce wrinkles in the formed part. A research was conducted wherein ABAQUS/CAE (6.14-1) was employed to numerically study the impact of thermo-hydroforming process parameters on the formation of wrinkles in a thermoplastic helmet. The optimized properties of the fiber-reinforced polymer composite was previously determined by the authors using the preferred fiber orientation model implemented as a user material subroutine (VUMAT). To account for the interaction between different layers of the laminated composite, the cohesive zone model was employed. The objective of the study was to use the simulation tool to minimize the overall wrinkle density and wrinkle height in the formed helmet as a function of the fluid pressure, boundary conditions, and especially the blank shape and the relief cuts made in the blank.
The Absence of Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs) in the Treatment of Sexual Abusers: Recommendations for Moving Toward the Use of a True EBP Model
Authors: Deming Adam , Jennings Jerry L.
Published: April 2019

Despite a continued evolution of the field of sexual abuser treatment toward a distinct professional discipline with clinicians using an increasing variety of treatment approaches, there is no consensus regarding the strength of our various clinical interventions as evidence-based practices (EBPs). This article provides a brief history of the development and goals of EBPs in medicine and mental health, and a review of the earnest efforts of researchers within the field to establish treatment approaches with sexual abusers as evidence-based. An appraisal of the current status of EBP’s with sexual abusers is provided. Although there have been improvements in the methodological quality of treatment outcome research with sexual abusers, divergent opinions about treatment effectiveness remain, and the field has not yet agreed on a system or set of criteria for what constitutes “evidence.” We contend that clinical practice has been influenced as much, or more, by new paradigms that are intuitively meaningful and perceived as needed than it has by what has been determined to be scientifically efficacious. This trend and other processes in our field that seem to be slowing the development of EBPs with sexual abusers are discussed. Recommendations for conducting evidence-based reviews and moving the field of sexual abuser treatment toward the use of a true EBP model are provided.
Novel Management of an Aortoesophageal Fistula Prior to Definitive Surgical Repair
Authors: Stanger Evan , Johnson Angela M , Juneja Mucci Joti
Published: April 2019

An aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but often fatal complication associated with the placement of an aortic stent graft such as those utilized in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedures. Definitive surgical repair of AEF is the treatment of choice, as conservative management is nearly always fatal. We present the case of an AEF in a 74-year-old male managed by a unique treatment method; an esophageal stent was deployed to cover the fistula as a temporizing measure prior to definitive surgical correction, thus allowing time for resuscitation and hemodynamic optimization. The use of esophageal stents in the setting of AEF following TEVAR has been previously reported in the literature as a palliative measure for patients deemed incapable of tolerating open repair surgery. Our case demonstrates a new and innovative approach to the management of AEF following TEVAR in which the use of esophageal stenting is expanded beyond the role of palliative care and should be considered as a means to optimize at-risk patients prior to definitive corrective surgery in the hopes of improving outcomes.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis With Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Instead of Cloxacillin/Cefotaxime Increases Inguinal Surgical Site Infection Rate After Lower Extremity Revascularization
Authors: Rezk Francis , Åstrand Håkan , Acosta Stefan
Published: April 2019

Due to the consistently high proportion of surgical site infections (SSI) after vascular surgery, a change of prophylactic antibiotic therapy from cloxacillin/cefotaxime to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was conducted in 2016. The study included consecutive patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization due to acute or chronic lower extremity arterial disease. The antibiotic regime was changed in between the two sampling periods (2014 -2016 versus 2016 -2017). The diagnosis of SSI was based on clinical examination and microbiological results, and severity was classified according to the Szilagyi classification. One hundred and twenty-two patients in the cloxacillin/cefotaxime and 67 patients in the TMP-SMX group were included. The SSI rates were 32.0% and 40.3%, respectively (p=0.25). The proportion of women were higher in the TMP-SMX group (32.8% versus 47.8%, respectively, p=0.043). No other differences between the two groups were found regarding patient, vascular surgery procedure characteristics or severity of SSI. Groin infection rate was higher in the TMP-SMX group (15.4% versus 30.5%, respectively, p=0.022). When adjusting for gender, groin infection was more common in the TMP-SMX group (Odds Ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.1 -5.4). The groin SSI rate was higher after elective surgery in the TMP-SMX group (13.0% versus 27.8%, respectively, p=0.027), and also after adjusting for gender (Odds Ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 -6.2). The change in antibiotic prophylaxis from Cloxacillin/Cefotaxime to TMP-SMX was associated with an increased rate of inguinal SSI in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization, despite a possible Hawthorne effect.
When “Normal” Becomes Normative: A Case Study of Researchers’ Quotation Errors When Referring to a Focus Group Sample Size Study
Authors: Glenton Claire , Carlsen Benedicte
Published: April 2019

In 2011, we published a review exploring how researchers report and justify their focus group sample sizes. We concluded that sample sizes vary widely and that most researchers give no explanation for their sample size. The aim of our 2011 study was to describe practice rather than develop guidance. However, after our study was published, we noticed that new researchers were using our information about typical sample sizes as justification for their own sample size. In other words, practice that we had presented as typical or “normal” but generally lacking in justification was being used as normative. The current study aims to explore the misrepresentation of descriptive information as normative. Specifically, we map this type of quotation error in references to our 2011 study. Using Google Scholar, we identified all articles referencing our study. We then extracted quotations where the researchers had referred to our study and categorized these as follows: (a) quotations where the researchers had used the descriptive information from our study to justify their sample size and (b) quotations where the researchers had referred to our study for other purposes or where the purpose was unclear. We assessed 205 articles that had referred to our 2011 study. We identified the type of quotation error we were interested in, namely the misrepresentation of descriptive information as normative, in 50.7% of the included articles. Our study shows very high rates of one type of quotation error: the misrepresentation of descriptive information about focus group sample size as normative. Researchers referring to other researchers’ work carry most of the responsibility for ensuring that they do this appropriately. However, the authors of the research being referred to also need to consider how they can make their results clearer. We offer suggestions as to how this might be achieved.
Clinical Trial Recruitment and Retention of College Students with Type 1 Diabetes via Social Media: An Implementation Case Study
Authors: Wisk Lauren E. , Nelson Eliza B. , Magane Kara M. , Weitzman Elissa R.
Published: April 2019

Background:

We sought to quantify the efficiency and acceptability of Internet-based recruitment for engaging an especially hard-to-reach cohort (college-students with type 1 diabetes, T1D) and to describe the approach used for implementing a health-related trial entirely online using off-the-shelf tools inclusive of participant safety and validity concerns.

Method:

We recruited youth (ages 17-25 years) with T1D via a variety of social media platforms and other outreach channels. We quantified response rate and participant characteristics across channels with engagement metrics tracked via Google Analytics and participant survey data. We developed decision rules to identify invalid (duplicative/false) records (N = 89) and compared them to valid cases (N = 138).

Results:

Facebook was the highest yield recruitment source; demographics differed by platform. Invalid records were prevalent; invalid records were more likely to be recruited from Twitter or Instagram and differed from valid cases across most demographics. Valid cases closely resembled characteristics obtained from Google Analytics and from prior data on platform user-base. Retention was high, with complete follow-up for 88.4%. There were no safety concerns and participants reported high acceptability for future recruitment via social media.

Conclusions:

We demonstrate that recruitment of college students with T1D into a longitudinal intervention trial via social media is feasible, efficient, acceptable, and yields a sample representative of the user-base from which they were drawn. Given observed differences in characteristics across recruitment channels, recruiting across multiple platforms is recommended to optimize sample diversity. Trial implementation, engagement tracking, and retention are feasible with off-the-shelf tools using preexisting platforms.
Racial Income Inequality, Perceptions of Competition, and Negative Interracial Outcomes
Authors: Gordils Jonathan , Sommet Nicolas , Elliot Andrew J. , Jamieson Jeremy P.
Published: April 2019

There exists a racial income gap in America: Blacks earn ∼38% less than Whites, but little is known about its relation to interracial psychological outcomes. Toward this end, the present research examined associations between the Black–White income gap and perceptions of interracial competition and, subsequently, negative intergroup outcomes. Study 1 extracted data from a large, preexisting data set ( N = 2,543) and provided initial support for the hypothesis that higher levels of racial income inequality are associated with increased perceptions of competition. Study 2 then recruited approximately equal numbers of White and Black participants ( N = 1,731) and demonstrated that increases in racial income inequality predict increased perceptions of competition, discrimination, behavioral avoidance, and intergroup anxiety. Implications for theory development and public policy are discussed.
Identity Over Time: Perceived Similarity Between Selves Predicts Well-Being 10 Years Later
Authors: Reiff Joseph S. , Hershfield Hal E. , Quoidbach Jordi
Published: April 2019

When individuals feel similar to their future self, they are more likely to delay present gratification and make plans for the long run. But do these feelings of similarity actually correspond with heightened well-being for the future self? Theoretically, making patient decisions in the present could lead to a future self who is better off and thus more satisfied. Alternatively, perceived overlap with the future self could cause people to continually deny themselves pleasures in the present, diminishing satisfaction over time. To adjudicate between these possibilities, we use a 10-year longitudinal data set ( N = 4,963) to estimate how thoughts about one’s future self in an initial survey predict life satisfaction 10 years later. Controlling for initial life satisfaction, greater perceived similarity to the future self is linearly associated with greater life satisfaction 10 years after the original prediction, a finding that is robust to a number of alternative analyses.
Risk Factors for Mortality and Readmission After Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty for Fracture
Authors: Singh Anshuman , Schultzel Mark , Cafri Guy , Yian Edward H , Dillon Mark T , Navarro Ronald A
Published: April 2019

Background

Limited information exists regarding mortality and readmission following proximal humerus fracture. This study examines risk factors following hemiarthroplasty for these fractures.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 788 patients treated with hemiarthroplasty for acute proximal humerus fracture from January 2005 to December 2011 was conducted. One-year mortality and 30- and 90-day hospital readmission were evaluated. Patient risk factors included age, race, gender, diabetes, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and body mass index.

Results

One-year mortality rate was 5.2%. Patients with ASA ≥3 had 2.37 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–5.32) greater mortality risk versus patients with ASA1/2. The 30-day readmission rate was 8.4% and at 90 days was 12.6%. Females had 0.53 risk of readmission versus males (95% CI: 0.29–0.96). Patients with ASA ≥3 had 1.79 (95% CI: 1.04–3.09) risk of 90-day readmission versus patients with ASA1/2; females had 0.52 (95% CI: 0.31–0.85) risk of readmission versus males. Increased age increased all odds ratios.

Conclusions

Readmission rate after hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture is significant both at 30 and 90 days and is higher in males. Age and ASA ≥3 correlate with this. Diabetes and obesity were not significant risk factors for readmission or mortality.
On determining the nature of Liangzhu 良渚 symbols
Authors: Zhang Chunfeng
Published: April 2019

This paper takes five aspects of the symbols of the Liangzhu culture as its subject of study: the quantity of Liangzhu symbols, the ability of these symbols to express meaning and make differentiation, the nature of their conventional usage, the principles of their configuration, and the possibility that Liangzhu symbols represented spoken language. This paper argues that these five aspects show that Liangzhu symbols were a complex system and some of the symbols were already a written language.
Combining reflection and transmission information in time-lapse velocity inversion: A new hybrid approach
Authors: Kotsi Maria , Edgar Jonathan , Malcolm Alison , de Ridder Sjoerd
Published: April 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) uses the information of the full wavefield to deliver high-resolution images of the subsurface. Conventional time-lapse FWI primarily uses the transmitted component (diving waves) of the wavefield to reconstruct the low-wavenumber component of the velocity model. This requires large-offset surveys and low-frequency data. When the target of interest is deep, diving waves cannot reach the target and FWI will be dominated by the reflected component of the wavefield. Consequently, the retrieved model resembles a least-squares migration instead of a velocity model. Image-domain methods, especially image-domain wavefield tomography (IDWT), have been developed to obtain a model of time-lapse velocity changes in deeper targets using reflected waves. The method is able to recover models of deep targets. However, it also tends to obtain smeared time-lapse velocity changes. We have developed a form of time-lapse waveform inversion that we call dual-domain time-lapse waveform inversion (DDWI), whose objective function joins FWI and IDWT, combining information from the diving waves in the data-domain FWI term with information from the reflected waves in the image-domain IDWT term. During the nonlinear inversion, the velocity model is updated using constraints from both terms simultaneously. Similar to sequential time-lapse waveform inversion, we start the time-lapse inversion from a baseline model recovered with FWI. We test DDWI on a variety of synthetic models of increasing complexity and find that it can recover time-lapse velocity changes more accurately than when both methods are used independently or sequentially.
How does the water springtail optically locate proper habitats? Spectral sensitivity of photo- and polarotaxis inPodura aquatica
Authors: Egri Ádám , Kriska György
Published: April 2019

Optical water detection by means of horizontally polarized light is widespread among aquatic insects. This ability of these insects usually works in the UV or blue spectral ranges. Recently it was demonstrated that at least one collembolan species, the water springtail (Podura aquatica) also possess positive polarotaxis to horizontally polarized light. These hexapods are positively phototactic, live on the surface of calm waters and usually accumulate in the intimate vicinity of the riparian vegetation. In laboratory experiments we measured the wavelength dependence of phototaxis and polarotaxis of P. aquatica in the 346 nm – 744 nm and 421 nm – 744 nm ranges, respectively. According to our results, the action spectrum of phototaxis is bimodal with two peaks in the blue (λ1=484 nm) and green-yellow (λ2=570 nm) ranges, while polarotaxis operates in the blue spectral range. For the first time we have shown that collembolan polarotaxis functions in the same spectral range as the polarotaxis of many aquatic insects. In this paper we present our experiments and discuss the possible ecological significance of our findings.
ΦΛΩΡΕΝΤΙΑ: ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΟΛΙΓΑΡΧΙΚΕΣ ΟΙΚΟΓΕΝΕΙΕΣ ΣΤΟΥΣ «ΤΡΑΠΕΖΙΤΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ» ΟΙ ΣΥΝΤΕΧΝΙΕΣ, Ο ΠΛΟΥΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΕΝΝΟΙΑ ΤΟΥ «ΠΟΛΙΤΗ»
Authors: ΠΑΥΛΗ ΚΑΛΛΙΟΠΗ
Published: April 2019

Δεν διατίθεται περίληψη στα ελληνκά.
ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΕΡΙ ΝΟΤΑΡΙΑΚΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΙΑ ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΩΝ ΤΟΥ 16ου ΑΙΩΝΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΚΡΗΤΗ ΣΤΕΡΕΟΤΥΠΕΣ ΕΚΦΡΑΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΓΟΝΤΕΣ ΔΙΑΜΟΡΦΩΣΗΣ ΤΟΥΣ
Authors: ΚΑΣΔΑΓΛΗ ΑΓΛΑΪΑ
Published: April 2019

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΣΤΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ.
ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΓΛΩΣΣΙΚΟΥ ΖΗΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΗ (1911-1912) ΟΙ ΔΙΩΞΕΙΣ ΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΙΣΤΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΟΙΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΣΤΑΥΡΟΔΡΟΜΙΟΥ
Authors: ΑΔΑΜΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ΕΥΓΕΝΙΑ
Published: April 2019

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΓΛΩΣΣΑ.
ΟΙ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΟΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΤΟΥ ΜΕΣΟΠΟΛΕΜΟΥ ΣΠΟΥΔΕΣ, ΕΠΑΓΓΕΛΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ ΣΤΑΔΙΟΔΡΟΜΙΕΣ, ΔΙΑΣΥΝΔΕΣΕΙΣ
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΣΤΕΦΑΝΑΚΗ ΛΗΔΑ
Published: April 2019

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΓΛΩΣΣΑ.
When Private Information Settles the Bill: Money and Privacy in Google’s Market for Smartphone Applications
Authors: Kummer Michael , Schulte Patrick
Published: April 2019

We shed light on a money-for-privacy trade-off in the market for smartphone applications (“apps”). Developers offer their apps at lower prices in return for greater access to personal information, and consumers choose between low prices and more privacy. We provide evidence for this pattern using data from 300,000 apps obtained from the Google Play Store (formerly Android Market) in 2012 and 2014. Our findings show that the market’s supply and demand sides both consider an app’s ability to collect private information, measured by the apps’s use of privacy-sensitive permissions: (1) cheaper apps use more privacy-sensitive permissions; (2) given price and functionality, demand is lower for apps with sensitive permissions; and (3) the strength of this relationship depends on contextual factors, such as the targeted user group, the app’s previous success, and its category. Our results are robust and consistent across several robustness checks, including the use of panel data, a difference-in-differences analysis, “twin” pairs of apps, and various measures of privacy-sensitivity and app demand.

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
The Young Ones
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: April 2019

How can early years settings support very young mothers and cater to their unique needs and challenges? Charlotte Goddard reports
Vector Spaces of Generalized Linearizations for Rectangular Matrix Polynomials
Authors: Das Biswajit , Bora Shreemayee
Published: April 2019

The complete eigenvalue problem associated with a rectangular matrix polynomial is typically solved via the technique of linearization. This work introduces the concept of generalized linearizations of rectangular matrix polynomials. For a given rectangular matrix polynomial, it also proposes vector spaces of rectangular matrix pencils with the property that almost every pencil is a generalized linearization of the matrix polynomial which can then be used to solve the complete eigenvalue problem associated with the polynomial. The properties of these vector spaces are similar to those introduced in the literature for square matrix polynomials and in fact coincide with them when the matrix polynomial is square. Further, almost every pencil in these spaces can be `trimmed' to form many smaller pencils that are strong linearizations of the matrix polynomial which readily yield solutions of the complete eigenvalue problem for the polynomial. These linearizations are easier to construct and are often smaller than the Fiedler linearizations introduced in the literature for rectangular matrix polynomials. Additionally, a global backward error analysis applied to these linearizations shows that they provide a wide choice of linearizations with respect to which the complete polynomial eigenvalue problem can be solved in a globally backward stable manner.