bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Norepinephrine and Vasopressin Compared With Norepinephrine and Epinephrine in Adults With Septic Shock
Authors: Menich Bryan E. , Miano Todd A. , Patel Gourang P. , Hammond Drayton A.
Published: April 2019

Background: The optimal adjuvant vasopressor to norepinephrine in septic shock remains controversial. Objective: To compare durations of shock-free survival between adjuvant vasopressin and epinephrine. Methods: A retrospective, single-center, matched cohort study of adults with septic shock refractory to norepinephrine was conducted. Patients receiving norepinephrine not at target mean arterial pressure (MAP; 65 mm Hg) were initiated on vasopressin or epinephrine to raise MAP to target. Vasopressin-exposed patients were matched to epinephrine-exposed patients using propensity scores. Mortality outcomes were examined using multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance estimation. Results: Of 166 patients, 96 (entire cohort) were included in the propensity score–matched cohort. Shock-free survival durations in the first 7 days were similar between epinephrine- and vasopressin-exposed patients in the matched cohort (median = 13.2 hours, interquartile range [IQR] = 0-121.0, vs median = 41.3 hours, IQR = 0-125.9; P = 0.51). Seven- and 28-day mortality rates were similar in the matched cohort (7-day: 47.9% vs 39.6%, P = 0.35; 28-day: 56.3% vs 58.3%, P = 0.84). Mortality rates were similar between epinephrine- and vasopressin-exposed patients in propensity score–matched regression models with and without adjustments at 7 (relative risk [RR] = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.92-1.79; RR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.81-1.81) and 28 days (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.81-1.34; RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.69-1.34). Conclusion and Relevance: Shock-free survival durations were similar in matched epinephrine- and vasopressin-exposed groups. Adjuvant epinephrine or vasopressin alongside norepinephrine to raise MAP to target requires further investigation.
Trade Composition and Acquiescence to Sanction Threats
Authors: Akoto William , Peterson Timothy M. , Thies Cameron G.
Published: April 2019

In this article, we argue that the composition of trade is an important determinant of vulnerability to sanctions. Trade composition has changed considerably over the years since World War II, with growth in intra-industry trade: the exchange of similar, often branded, commodities that follows from varied consumer preferences and economies of scale. Conversely, we see relatively less of the traditional inter-industry trade: exchange of distinct and often homogeneous commodities that follows from comparative advantage. We demonstrate that targets maintaining higher proportions of intra-industry trade with senders benefit from greater resilience against economic coercion and thus are less likely to acquiesce to sanction threats. Importantly, however, we contend that bilateral intra-industry trade does not necessarily prevent the onset of sanction threats. Statistical tests of sanction threat cases and directed dyad-years spanning 1962–2005 support our expectations.
Mixed Adenocarcinomatous and Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Urinary Bladder With Concomitant Carcinoma In Situ: A Case Report With a Comprehensive Immunohistochemical Analysis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tränkenschuh Wolfgang , Biesdorf Anne Sophie , Papadimas Nikolaos , Samara Samer , Hefty Robert , Stahl Phillip R.
Published: April 2019

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and usually occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Although there have been several investigations regarding their developmental mechanism, the molecular origin of these tumors remains unclear. In this article, we present an exceedingly rare case of a mixed tumor of the urinary bladder with an adenocarcinomatous and a neuroendocrine component and a concomitant urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS). Due to this extraordinary combination of tumor components, our goal was to extensively examine the 3 tumor components with regard to a representable common origin. Therefore, a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis and review of the literature was performed. Besides expected outcome, our examination also revealed surprising staining results. Urothelial CIS, like the adenocarcinomatous component, showed strong staining for CDX2. In addition, parts of the adenocarcinoma were positive for synaptophysin like the neuroendocrine tumor component. All 3 components showed a significant overexpression of p53 and a moderate to strong membranous and cytoplasmatic staining for β-catenin. To our knowledge, we are the first to describe a case of a mixed tumor of the urinary bladder with an adenocarcinomatous and a neuroendocrine component and a concomitant CIS. The components share striking molecular features that argue for a common clonal origin and a development of the invasive tumor via the urothelial precursor lesion.
“Sex Offender” Versus “Person”: The Influence of Labels on Willingness to Volunteer With People Who Have Sexually Abused
Authors: Lowe Giulia , Willis Gwenda
Published: April 2019

The present study examined the effect of offense-based labels on community members’ willingness to volunteer with people convicted for varying offenses and any priming effect of labeling language. Participants ( N = 310) were randomly assigned to a label condition or a neutral condition and completed an anonymous online survey about their willingness to volunteer with different groups. The labeling condition utilized labels (e.g., “sex offenders,” “murderers”), whereas the control condition utilized neutral descriptors (e.g., “people who have committed crimes of a sexual nature”). Overall, findings supported the hypothesis that offense-based labels were associated with less willingness to volunteer, with findings most pronounced for the “sex offender” and “child sex offender” labels. Participants in the labeling condition showed greater voluntary use of labels compared with neutral language and were more likely to use labels compared with participants in the neutral condition. Implications for influencing public opinion are discussed.
Serial Entertainment: A Content Analysis of 35 Years of Serial Murder in Film
Authors: Call Corey
Published: April 2019

Serial murder is a rare phenomenon, yet an incredibly popular topic as evidenced by the availability of various types of entertainment media about serial murder. The present study provides a content analysis of serial murder in film utilizing 50 randomly selected films covering a 35-year period (1980-2015). Data were coded for 53 fictional killers and 362 victims to generate profiles of the typical serial killer and their victims in film. The results are discussed in relation to real-world data on serial murder to describe the accuracies and inaccuracies of the portrayal of serial murder in film.
Pupil cerclage technique for treatment of traumatic mydriasis
Authors: Frisina Rino , Parrozzani Raffaele , Tozzi Luigi , Pilotto Elisabetta , Midena Edoardo
Published: April 2019

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of pupil cerclage and a new variant of sliding knot technique for repairing traumatic mydriasis.

Design:

This is a observational case series study.

Setting/methods:

A series of consecutive patients affected by traumatic permanent mydriasis who underwent pupil cerclage were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Padova, Italy. Best-corrected visual acuity, measured in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), and intraocular pressure at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were monitored. Postoperative pupil size and anterior chamber angle were measured. Postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) and glaucoma were evaluated.

Results:

Twelve patients were recruited. Phakic patients (7) underwent cataract surgery combined with pupil cerclage. Vitrectomy was performed in nine patients. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 2.9 ± 1.1 logMAR at baseline to 0.3 ± 0.8 logMAR at 12th month. No significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure was demonstrated. Mean pupil size at 12th month was 2.82 ± 0.5 mm with round shape. Anterior chamber angle mean was 47° ± 4.5°. Six patients developed a CME, and two patients a glaucoma.

Conclusion:

Pupil cerclage technique reestablishes the pupil with a precise regulation of the pupil size without distortion of its natural round shape. New sliding knot allows surgeon to reduce the risk of iatrogenic iris damage and to make a security permanent knot.
Submacular cysticercosis
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Surve Abhidnya , Kumar Pradeep , Sharma Arpit , Azad Shorya
Published: April 2019

Ocular cysticercosis could involve subconjunctival space, anterior chamber, extraocular muscle, subretinal space, or vitreous. The presence of intraocular live cyst is a potential threat to visual acuity. The removal of the cyst in-toto is thus of importance to prevent inflammatory reaction and ocular damage. The presence of cysticercosis underneath the macula makes the management challenging. Herein, we describe the management of a submacular live cysticercus cyst with a good postoperative gain in visual acuity. Also, the swept-source optical coherence tomography changes are described.
Magnetisation transfer ratio abnormalities in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Brown James William L , Chowdhury Azmain , Kanber Baris , Prados Carrasco Ferran , Eshaghi Arman , Sudre Carole H , Pardini Matteo , Samson Rebecca S , van de Pavert Steven HP , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia Gandini , Chard Declan T
Published: April 2019

Background:

In relapse-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), tissue abnormality – as assessed with magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) imaging – is greater in the outer cortical and inner periventricular layers. The cause of this remains unknown but meningeal inflammation has been implicated, particularly lymphoid follicles, which are seen in secondary progressive (SP) but not primary progressive (PP) MS. Cortical and periventricular MTR gradients might, therefore, differ in PPMS and SPMS if these follicles are responsible.

Objective:

We assessed cortical and periventricular MTR gradients in PPMS, and compared gradients between people with PPMS and SPMS.

Methods:

Using an optimised processing pipeline, periventricular normal-appearing white matter and cortical grey-matter MTR gradients were compared between 51 healthy controls and 63 people with progressive MS (28 PPMS, 35 SPMS).

Results:

The periventricular gradient was significantly shallower in healthy controls (0.122 percentage units (pu)/band) compared to PPMS (0.952 pu/band, p < 0.0001) and SPMS (1.360 pu/band, p < 0.0001). The cortical gradient was also significantly shallower in healthy controls (−2.860 pu/band) compared to PPMS (−3.214 pu/band, p = 0.038) and SPMS (−3.328 pu/band, p = 0.016).

Conclusion:

Abnormal periventricular and cortical MTR gradients occur in both PPMS and SPMS, suggesting comparable underlying pathological processes.
Exploring the meaning of movement capability in physical education teacher education through student voices
Authors: Nyberg Gunn , Backman Erik , Larsson Håkan
Published: April 2019

Scholars argue that movement content knowledge in physical education teacher education (PETE) needs to be revisited and problematised. In this paper we develop the concept of movement capability representing a widened view of movement content knowledge. If teacher educators want to teach movement capability as an intrinsic educational goal in PETE there is an apparent need to consider what to teach, how it is taught and also how movement capability is understood by the learners. The aim of this paper is to analyse how PETE students experience the meaning of movement capability through the teaching in aquatics, dance and ice-skating. This study takes its departure from a number of previous empirical studies investigating the meaning of movement capability. Interviews with seven PETE students, divided into two focus groups, were conducted on three occasions. A phenomenographic analysis shows four qualitatively different ways of experiencing the meaning of movement capability. Major differences that can be seen when comparing the results of a previous study on physical education teachers and students in PETE are the aspect of subjective experiences and the aspect of the observer. In the main, the students do not seem to take into account an observer’s point of view to the same extent as the group of teachers. The results will hopefully contribute to a deeper and more complex understanding of what can be seen as movement capability in PETE and physical education, and thereby enhance development of the teaching and learning of this capability.
Body- and symptom-related concerns in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome: A gap in symptom management
Authors: Soucie Kendall , Samardzic Tanja , Schramer Kristin , Salam Zoha , Ly Cindy
Published: April 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder among women aged from 18 to 40 years. Its debilitating menstrual/obesity-related symptoms challenge conceptions of femininity. To date, age-related differences in women’s body esteem and physicians’ symptom management recommendations have not been investigated. Age moderated the relationships between symptom concerns and both sexual attractiveness and physical condition, but only for midlife, not for emerging adult women. Midlife women received holistic management information from physicians, while emerging adult women received weight management information. This study highlights the need for physician training to manage women’s health and age-targeted body acceptance interventions for women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Growth messages increase help-seeking and performance for women in STEM
Authors: Covarrubias Rebecca , Laiduc Giselle , Valle Ibette
Published: April 2019

Women leave STEM majors at higher rates than men. This may be due to problematic messaging in gateway courses such as (a) mismatches between students’ cultural norms and those of the learning context and (b) fixed ideas about ability as unchangeable. The current study investigated how culturally relevant growth messages impacted help-seeking behavior and grades in a gateway STEM course. Undergraduate students (168 men, 285 women) were randomly assigned to receive an email invitation to a peer-led tutoring program that included factual information (control), growth messages, or culture-matching growth messages emphasizing effort and interdependence. Tutoring sign-ups, number of sessions attended, and grades were collected. Path analyses showed no impact of messaging on men’s sign-ups. Yet, growth messages increased women’s sign-ups relative to the control, which led to more sessions attended and, subsequently, higher course grades. Unexpectedly, the culture-matching growth condition decreased sign-ups for women. Follow-up exploratory survey data on students from the course (161 men, 268 women) revealed that more women perceived peer interactions as competitive than men, which may shed light on the unexpected findings. Programs should implement growth messages to recruit more women and to improve collaboration in peer-learning settings.
Campus climate comparisons in academic pursuits: How race still matters for African American college students
Authors: Campbell Santiba D. , Carter-Sowell Adrienne R. , Battle Jericka S.
Published: April 2019

Perceptions of social estrangement felt by African American college students can account for group-based inequalities evident in a wide range of educational outcomes. Moreover, racial incidents, occurring on and off college campuses, make race more salient for African American students and influence emerging identity development. By recruiting African American students enrolled at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) as well as at historically Black college and universities (HBCUs), this study examined how individual differences in sensitivity to racial status related to self-reported scores of students’ academic success and satisfaction. African American participants ( N = 352) contributed to a longitudinal study surveying the daily life experiences of African American college students. We predicted that across the participant groups, assessed outcomes would be similar, but not identical due to varying campus climates. Results indicated that at both HBCU and PWI institutions, race matters at the individual level and campus climate impacts groups differently.
Introduction to the special issue on group-based inequalities in educational outcomes
Authors: Marx David M. , Ko Sei Jin , Croizet Jean-Claude
Published: April 2019

Obtaining a higher education is critical to financial security, high-status career opportunities, and an increased quality of life. As such, understanding the barriers to educational attainment that certain disadvantaged groups must scale is paramount to creating a more equitable, productive, and diverse workforce. This special issue presents seven papers that focus on how the extant educational culture and structure contribute to or reinforce group-based inequalities in educational outcomes and experiences.
Structural crack detection using deep learning–based fully convolutional networks
Authors: Ye Xiao-Wei , Jin Tao , Chen Peng-Yu
Published: April 2019

Cracks are a potential threat to the safety and endurance of civil infrastructures, and therefore, careful and regular structural crack inspection is needed during their long-term service periods. Many image-processing approaches have been developed for structural crack detection. However, like traditional edge detection algorithms, these methods are easily disturbed by the environmental effect. Convolutional neural networks are newly developed methods and have excellent performances in the image-classification tasks. This study proposes a fully convolutional network called Ci-Net for structural crack identification. Pixel-level labeled image training data are obtained from the online data set. Four indices are adopted to evaluate the performance of the trained Ci-Net. Crack images from an indoor concrete beam test are adopted for validation of its structural crack recognition capacity. The recognition results are also compared with those obtained by the edge detection methods. It indicates that Ci-Net exhibits a better performance over the edge detection methods in structural damage detection.
The training game SALIENCE for the therapy of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Vollstädt-Klein Sabine , Mildner Philip , Bumb Jan Malte , Karl Damian , Ueberle Christoph , Shevchenko Yury , Kiefer Falk , Effelsberg Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

The feasibility study was aimed to develop a web-based gaming tool for the therapy of alcohol use disorder to offer patients a cue-exposure-based extinction and decision training, enhanced with virtual reality. To increase the training effect, patients playfully experience situations that resemble critical real-life situations. For implementing the game, a combination of HTML5 and JavaScript was used. The application comes with an administrator interface, to allow editing the game content. Initially, we included 21 patients (Group 1), 18 suffering from alcohol use disorder and 3 using cannabis (18/3 male/female, mean age 39 ± 13 years). Considering the iterative process of a feasibility study, we developed the game design as suggested by participants of Group 1 and additionally included 11 novel participants (Group 2) (11 suffering from an alcohol use disorder, 7/4 male/female, mean age 46 ± 14 years). Basically, the game was very well received. Usability ratings were generally high, even in patients with little computer experience. Both groups rated the application as realistic, and would generally be willing to play it on a daily basis. Given that SALIENCE is inexpensive, easily available, and engaging, it might be a reasonable add-on intervention to the standard treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Drivers of participation in Facebook long-term care groups: Applying the use and gratification theory, social identification theory, and the modulating role of group diversity
Authors: Lin Tung-Cheng , Fang David , Hsueh Siang-Ying , Lai Ming-Cheng
Published: April 2019

Facebook long-term care groups have been established by long-term care workers, and few studies have explored the related drivers of participation from the perspective of caregivers. This study applied a mixed-methods approach; the qualitative component conducted a pilot study to explore the drivers of participation in Facebook long-term care groups and found that the use and gratification theory provides a valid approach for explaining these drivers. Subsequently, the quantitative component, based on the use and gratification theory, proposed a conceptual model to examine the effect of these drivers on the social identity of these groups as well as the modulating effects of extraversion and group diversity in terms of age and educational background. The results showed that the most important social identification–related driver underlying participation in these groups was self-discovery. In addition, the relationship among these drivers and social identification was found to be modulated by extraversion, age, and educational background.
Shared decision-making in orthodontics: Are we there yet?
Authors: Barber Sophy
Published: April 2019

Shared decision-making (SDM) is the process of making decisions ‘with’ rather than ‘about’ patients. This review outlines key stages of SDM, discusses some of the main barriers to SDM and identifies areas where further evidence is needed to support full integration of SDM into orthodontics.
Making a difference for children born with a cleft in the UK
Authors: Sandy Jonathan R
Published: April 2019

This short review is an opportunity to focus on significant positive changes for those children born with some form of oro-facial clefting and who are treated in a centralised service within the National Health Service (NHS). There has also been an opportunity to provide a focus for research as part of this service model. Orthodontists have played a key role in all aspects of this and will continue to be central to further improvements in caring for cleft children.
Impact of intake port injection of water on boosted downsized gasoline direct injection engine combustion, efficiency and emissions
Authors: Golzari Reza , Zhao Hua , Hall Jonathan , Bassett Mike , Williams John , Pearson Richard
Published: April 2019

Introduction of ever more stringent emission regulations on internal combustion engines beyond 2020 makes it necessary for original equipment manufacturers to find cost-effective solutions to improve the combustion engine efficiency and decrease its emissions. Highly efficient combustion engines can benefit from technologies such as cooled external exhaust gas recalculation and water injection. Among these technologies water injection can be used as a promising method to mitigate knock and significantly reduce the CO2 emissions. This is particularly important in highly downsized boosted engines which run under much higher intake pressures and are more prone to knocking combustion. In addition to anti-knock behaviour, water injection is also an effective method for reducing NOx emissions and exhaust gas temperature at high loads, which can protect the turbine in turbocharged engines. This study shows the influence of intake port injection of water on efficiency and emissions of a boosted downsized single-cylinder gasoline direct-injection engine in detail. Six different steady-state speed and load combinations were selected to represent the conditions that knocking combustion start to occur. Water ratio sweep tests were performed to find out the optimum water/fuel ratio at each test point and the impact on the combustion and emissions. In addition to gaseous emissions, impact of water injection on particle emissions was also investigated in this study. The results show the net indicated efficiency improved significantly (by a maximum of around 5% at medium load and around 15% at high load) up to a maximum level by increasing the injected water mass. Improvement in efficiency was mainly due to the increased heat capacity of charge and cooling effect of the injected water evaporation which reduced the in-cylinder temperature and pressure. Thus, knock sensitivity was reduced and more advanced spark timings could be used, which shifted the combustion phasing closer to the optimum point. However, increasing the water/fuel ratio further (more than 1 at medium load and more than 1.5 at high load) deteriorated the combustion efficiency, prolonged the flame development angle and combustion duration, and caused a reduction in the net integrated area of the P-V diagram. Efficiency improvements were lower at higher engine speed (3000 r/min) as the knock sensitivity was already reduced intrinsically. In terms of other, harmful, non-CO2 emissions, water injection was effective in reducing the NOx emissions significantly (by a maximum of around 60%) but increased the HC emissions as the water/fuel ratio increased. The results also show a significant reduction in particle emissions by adding water to the mixture and advancing the spark timing at medium and high loads. In addition, water injection also reduced the exhaust gas temperature by around 80°C and 180°C at medium and high loads, respectively.
The rise and change of the competence strategy: Reflections on twenty-five years of skills policies in the EU
Authors: Telling Kathryn , Serapioni Martino
Published: April 2019

The principal aim of this article is to provide a historical overview of 25 years of competence policy in the European Union, highlighting connections between past and current initiatives and outlining possible scenarios for the decade to come. The article presents the social investment turn in social policy as the critical political background against which the emergence of a competence strategy in European Union education policy should be analysed and understood. The competence strategy, it is argued, finds its roots in a renewed attention at the European Union level for harmonising educational outputs and labour market demands. While trying to produce a schematic history of the emergence and change of the competence strategy, the article does not seek to offer strict definitions of competence itself; instead, it conveys the nebulous and context-dependent nature of the concept.
Are the Breaks Breaking Down?
Authors: Ewell Laura A.
Published: April 2019

[Box: see text]
Fast-Spiking Interneurons Exposed in Tumor-Associated Epilepsy
Authors: Maguire Jamie
Published: April 2019

[Box: see text]
Comparative Risk of Major Congenital Malformations With 8 Different Antiepileptic Drugs: A Prospective Cohort Study of the EURAP Registry
Authors: Vossler David G.
Published: April 2019

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Losing Balance Over a Fatty Acid
Authors: Gross Christina
Published: April 2019

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The Dilemma of the Chicken or the Egg—What Appears First in TLE—Seizures or Morphometric Changes in the Temporal Lobe?
Authors: Szaflarski Jerzy P.
Published: April 2019

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Subacute Encephalopathy With Seizures in Alcoholics Syndrome: A Subtype of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Fernández-Torre José L. , Kaplan Peter W.
Published: April 2019

A recent assessment of the classification of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) has incorporated the specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns on a syndromic basis. Such a clinical EEG syndromic approach may enable more accurate and expedited diagnosis of particular subtypes of NCSE so as to improve therapy. Herein, we review the characteristics of subacute encephalopathy with seizures in alcoholics syndrome, a subtype of focal NCSE occurring in chronic alcoholism with specific features, including encephalopathy, lateralized periodic discharges on the EEG, chronic microvascular ischemia on neuroimaging studies, and possible recurrence when chronic antiseizure treatment is stopped.
Connecting Mind, Brain, and Seizures by Default Mode
Authors: Salpekar Jay
Published: April 2019

[Box: see text]
DTSW: A data transmission scheme based on weighted security partition model in industrial Internet of Things environment
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zheng Xiaodong , Huang Faxiao , Ruan Zhiqiang , Cui Jianfeng
Published: April 2019

With the rapid development of industrial Internet of Things, the secure transmission of nodes in Internet of Things is easily attacked by malicious nodes at all times, thereby causing a great threat to network performance and security of industrial Internet of Things. To improve the security and success rate of data transmission in industrial Internet of Things environment, this work proposes a data transmission scheme based on the weighted security partition model by considering the requirements of a hostile industrial environment. The weighted security partition of the nodes determines the secret distribution model. On this basis, a secure authentication scheme for network transmission is proposed for industrial Internet of Things to prevent the data from being tampered by malicious industrial nodes. Authority access control is added to the authentication scheme. The network access authority of users is used to eliminate the access of malicious users. Finally, the simulation experiments and performance evaluation are conducted and compared with other secure transmission algorithms. Results show that, by comparing to low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy and distributed data secure transmission, the transmission rate of the proposed algorithm has increased by 35% and 25%, and the lifetime has increased by 34.3% and 37.3%, respectively.
Numerical investigation of static characteristic of a tilting-pad journal bearing using shear stress transport model and air backflow
Authors: Ding Aoshuang , Ren Xiaodong , Li Xuesong , Gu Chunwei
Published: April 2019

Numerical simulations are important in bearing designs and should be in accordance with real working conditions. Two details are analyzed for the numerical simulations with a three-dimensional model of a large tilting-pad journal bearing included. The first detail is the flow model of the journal bearing simulations. The shear stress transport model with low-Reynolds number correction and the laminar model are used for the bearing simulations. In comparison with the laminar model, the pressure distribution of the shear stress transport model with low-Reynolds number correction is closer to and in good accordance with the experimental data. Thus, the shear stress transport model with low-Reynolds number correction is more suitable than the laminar model for the journal bearing simulations. The second detail is the backflow material of the bearing outlet boundary. Two backflow materials, air and oil, are simulated and compared with the experimental data. While the mechanical loss of the oil backflow is much higher than the experimental data, the simulated mechanical loss of the air backflow has an acceptable difference with the experimental mechanical loss. Therefore, air is a suitable backflow material for the journal bearing simulations. In summary, shear stress transport model with low-Reynolds number correction and air backflow should be used in the journal bearing simulations for accurate bearing predictions.
Research on eco-driving strategy at intersection based on vehicle infrastructure cooperative system
Authors: Yang Zhifa , Zeng Huanjing , Yu Zhuo , Wei Xuexin , Liu Aimin , Fan Xianjun
Published: April 2019

An eco-driving strategy is established in this article which includes four parts, namely, initial judging model, speed prediction model based on back-propagation neural network, MATLAB curve fitting, and integral. First, based on vehicle infrastructure cooperative systems, the initial judging model is instructed and vehicle road test is conducted. Then, a speed forecast model based on back-propagation neural network had been set up using test data obtained in the previous step. Next eco-driving strategy had been specified using curve fitting based on the forecast speed data and integral in MATLAB. Finally, a verification test had been done using VISSIM simulation tool. The conclusion of the test showed that using eco-driving strategy was conducive to decrease fuel consumption efficiently when driving at intersection. This article provided a specific case in application of vehicle infrastructure cooperative system to study on fuel consumption and emission in city traffic.
Abandoning Humanity? On Cultural Heritage and the Subject of International Law
Authors: Krasmann Susanne
Published: April 2019

A recent International Criminal Court decision on the destruction of cultural heritage in Timbuktu has sparked a debate that goes far beyond the concrete case. It touches upon the longstanding and crucial question of who is the subject of international law. This question has also become exigent in the only seemingly distinct debate around the crisis of the Anthropocene. In both these debates humanity is portrayed as an actor who has either created or destroyed a foundation of creation’s existence, one that now is recognized as having a value of its own. The article first probes analytically how the court’s verdict and the debate surrounding it may be understood as echoing a fundamental concern of our time. Bringing affect theory into play, it delineates in a second step a concept of vulnerability that makes it possible to decenter the idea of “humanity” in international law as well as in political thought. Rather than thinking in terms of ownership, we might prefer to address the topic by using the notions of belonging and longing for.
Portrait of the Theatre Director as an Artist
Authors: Proust Serge
Published: April 2019

In France, the theatrical field is split between a commercial pole and a public pole. Within the latter, theatre directors occupy a central position. They monopolize public subsidies, run theatre-related institutions and receive most of the symbolic rewards. As a result of their efforts, theatre direction has gained recognition as a work of art, but at the cost of conflicts with actors and playwrights. Furthermore, thanks to government intervention, they have neutralized the need to adjust to private demand. However, their success is still limited by several factors. Theatre directors are subjected to several types of axiological criticism revolving around their excessive integration into the state apparatus. Artification is largely dependent on state intervention, and above all, the immaterial and temporary nature of a theatrical performance contradicts the western conception of the work of art, which is understood as something enduring (as with paintings and books).
Malignant melanoma
Authors: Sidebotham Charlotte
Published: April 2019

Melanoma affects people at a younger age than other cancers, and can rapidly become fatal if not detected. Thus, pigmented skin lesions can cause concern in both doctors and patients. If discovered in the early primary stages, melanomas have a favourable prognosis. Over the last few decades, the incidence of melanoma has significantly increased, and is fast becoming an urgent public health concern. This article aims to shine a light on this dangerous adversary.
Deepening the single market and enhancing EU democracy: A justification for ‘more Europe’
Authors: Pelagidis Theodore , Mitsopoulos Michael
Published: April 2019

The need for ‘more Europe’ stands out today in an international environment that is contaminated by populism, authoritarianism and demagogy. Consequently, when confronting political radicalism, the domains that the EU should henceforth concentrate on in a positive way must be specified, explaining practically and with pragmatism the reasons for ‘more Europe’. In particular, the EU must deliver concrete benefits that citizens can see in their daily lives, but, at the same time, it has to give them more democratic control over their representation in EU bodies and in the way EU law is shaped and implemented. To accept such progress, the EU must first recognise the critical flaws in its current economic and political architecture, before proceeding to adopt policies that will adequately restore the dynamism of the European dream, leading to a more efficient and just EU. More democracy will help gather support, and ensure renewed progress towards a closer Union in which the single market is meaningfully deepened.
Involvement of pulmonary arteriopathy in the development and severity of reperfusion pulmonary edema after pulmonary endarterectomy
Authors: Sanada Takayuki Jujo , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Ishida Keiichi , Naito Akira , Sakao Seiichiro , Suda Rika , Kasai Hajime , Nishimura Rintaro , Sugiura Toshihiko , Shigeta Ayako , Taniguchi Yu , Masuda Masahisa , Tatsumi Koichiro
Published: April 2019

Reperfusion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a common complication after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of RPE remain unclear. To evaluate the effects of pulmonary vasculopathy on RPE, the severity of the pulmonary arteriopathies and venopathies of lung tissues biopsied during PEA were pathologically quantified in 33 CTEPH patients. The severity of RPE was classified from grade 0 (no RPE) to 4 (death due to RPE) based on the arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction (P/F ratio) and necessity of respiratory management. Among the 33 patients (27 women; mean age = 63.3 years), 17 (51.5%) patients developed RPE. The severity of pulmonary arteriopathy (obstruction ratio) correlated with the grade of RPE (r = 0.576, P = 0.0005). The obstruction ratio also correlated with the P/F ratio (r = −0.543, P = 0.001) and the perioperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.445, P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the obstruction ratio was a significant independent determinant for the development of RPE (odds ratio = 15.7; 95% confidence interval = 2.29–108.00, P = 0.005). In conclusion, pulmonary arteriopathy could be a determinant of the development and severity of RPE after PEA.
Evidence base for a housing warrant of fitness
Authors: Telfar-Barnard Lucy , Bennett Julie , Robinson Andrew , Hailes Albert , Ombler Jenny , Howden-Chapman Philippa
Published: April 2019

Substandard housing is a major public health issue in New Zealand. Approximately, two-thirds of the housing stock is uninsulated and many homes are inadequately heated, with an average indoor temperature of 14.5°C. Cold, damp, and mouldy housing results in poor health; each year, respiratory hospital admissions are 74% higher during winter, and excess winter mortality is 20% higher than other seasons. The relationship between injury and housing conditions is also well established. Each year, 500,000 New Zealanders suffer falls requiring medical treatment in their homes. As a step towards improving the quality of existing housing, an evidence-based warrant of fitness has been developed. This article outlines the evidence base to each criterion in the warrant of fitness. We conclude that introducing and properly enforcing a housing warrant of fitness will ensure that basic minimum standards are met, which could mitigate the disease burdens and injuries associated with, or caused, by poorer quality housing. In addition, there are potential fiscal and economic advantages of the scheme, including reduced hospitalisations and increased productivity.
Celiac disease with Budd–Chiari syndrome: A rare association
Authors: Meena Durga Shankar , Sonwal Vikram Singh , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Balesa Jitendra , Rohila Amit Kumar
Published: April 2019

Budd–Chiari syndrome is characterized by hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction. We describe an 18-year-old female of known celiac disease presented with progressive abdomen distention and shortness of breath for the last 1 month. Computed tomography of abdomen revealed hepatic vein obstruction. The patient was diagnosed with Budd–Chiari syndrome. Coagulation profile showed an increased homocysteine level. Serum folate level was also decreased. The patient was put on oral anticoagulant with a gluten-free diet. After 4 weeks, the patient showed significant improvement with decreased ascites. The association of Budd–Chiari syndrome with Celiac disease has not yet been fully understood. There have been few reports that described this rare association. Budd–Chiari syndrome should be considered as an important differential in a patient with unexplained ascites and celiac disease.
Multiple surgical radical treatment in axillary lymph nodes: A case report
Authors: Gao Xiang , Wang Tang-Shun , Cheng Juan , Shi Xiao-Guang , Zhou Ke-Xin , Xin Ming , Ding Zhi-Guo , Chen Xiao-Heng
Published: April 2019

Lymph node tuberculosis is a common clinical bacterial infectious disease. Regional lymph node tuberculosis is often difficult to cure by surgically radical resection. In addition, its recurrence rate is higher, and it can easily cause lymphatic leakage. This case was considered to have left axillary lymph node tuberculosis. A combination of clinical examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed before surgery. The surgical procedure performed was left axillary lymph node excision. Postoperative pathology confirmed the lymph node tuberculosis. The patient was given anti-tuberculosis drug treatment with no recurrence after 6 months follow-up. This provides new ideas and methods for the clinical treatment of regional lymph node tuberculosis.
Early Mobilization Post–Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Kenyon-Smith Timothy , Nguyen Eric , Oberai Tarandeep , Jarsma Ruurd
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Early mobilization after hip fracture surgery is a widely practiced component of postoperative care. However, there is little evidence to suggest that early mobilization post–hip fracture surgery is beneficial in reducing postoperative complications. This study aims to investigate the effect of early mobilization following hip fracture surgery on postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods:

This study retrospectively included 240 patients (female = 165, male = 75, mean age: 82.2 years) admitted to a level 1 trauma center in Adelaide, Australia, for hip fracture surgery. The effect of early mobilization on postoperative complications was assessed along with premorbid status. Subgroup analysis of patients stratified by premorbid health was subsequently analyzed to reduce confounding.

Results:

The odds of developing a complication were 1.9 times higher if the patient remained bedbound compared to mobilizing. Early mobilization was favorable to delayed mobilization. On average, complication-free patients mobilized earlier (mean [M] = 29 hours) compared to patients who experienced complications (M = 38 hours). In particular, rates of delirium was significantly reduced in patients who mobilized compared to remaining bedbound. However, premorbid status varied greatly. Early mobilizers had significantly better premorbid health than patients who remained bedbound. Overall subgroup analysis of patients with similar premorbid health showed mobilization was not associated with a reduction in complications. With an exception of patients with poor premorbid health, who experienced a reduction in complications following early mobilization.

Discussion:

In general, early mobilization was associated with the same complication rates as delayed mobilization and remaining bedbound. Patients with poor premorbid health benefited most from early mobilization with reduced complication rates.

Conclusion:

Postoperative delirium and premorbid health were better indicators of postoperative outcomes than time to mobilization.
Total Quality Management Boosters and Blockers in a Humanitarian Setting: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Mahmoud Ali Bassam , Alatrash Mayssa , Fuxman Leonora , Meero Abdelrhman Ahmad , Yafi Eiad
Published: April 2019

Utilizing qualitative techniques, this research is aimed at investigating total quality management (TQM) implementation practices within a humanitarian setting. The extensive survey instrument of professionals working for the United Nations (UN) organizations operating in the Middle East is used to reveal TQM use within international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) that provide humanitarian relief. With the goal of helping organizations to address anticipated difficulties in implementing TQM practices that improve performance of humanitarian interventions, this study identifies and examines the boosters and blockers of successful implementation of the TQM practices. The most prominent themes that were identified relate to availability of funding, management commitment to quality, partnerships and communication channels, and knowledge sharing.
A detailed profile of pain in severe endometriosis
Authors: Markham Robert , Luscombe Georgina M , Manconi Frank , Fraser Ian S
Published: April 2019

Objective:

To investigate the detailed nature of pain symptoms reported by women with endometriosis and those without current gynecological complaint.

Design:

Self-administered cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire.

Setting:

Teaching hospital clinic, specialist gynecologist, and family practice patients; endometriosis community support group members; and university staff and students.

Subjects:

A total of 737 women returned completed surveys: women with endometriosis ( n = 529) and with no current gynecological complaint ( n = 208).

Intervention(s):

None.

Main outcome measure(s):

Demographics, experience of pain symptoms: frequency, severity, and characteristics.

Results:

All pain symptoms were significantly more common among women with endometriosis compared with controls. Women with endometriosis all reported experiencing dysmenorrhea to some degree ( N = 527, two missing), although the severity was “slight” for 5%. Dyspareunia was reported by 92% of women with endometriosis, most commonly during intercourse, rather than at the start or post-coital. The other pain symptoms experienced by women with endometriosis, in order of frequency, were lower back pain (93%), pain at ovulation (87%), pelvic pain other than during menses, ovulation, urination or intercourse (79%), dysuria (71%), and rectal pain (67%). The great majority of women with endometriosis reported multiple sources and types of pain. Among women with endometriosis there were clear associations between the severity of dysmenorrhea and the frequency of experiencing dyspareunia and other pain symptoms.

Conclusion:

Pain symptoms in women with endometriosis were generally much more extensive and complex than recognized by most clinicians.
A case of cardiac arrest due to air embolism during scoliosis surgery
Authors: Haji Mohd Amin Mohamad Zaki , Beng James Tan Boon , Young Brian Teo Yian , Faruk Seman Nur Aida , Ching Teo Shu , Chek Wong Chung
Published: April 2019

Cardiac arrest during scoliosis surgery is rare in idiopathic scoliosis. We present a case of cardiorespiratory collapse during corrective surgery in a young patient with idiopathic scoliosis. A diagnosis of venous air embolism was made by exclusion. A cardiorespiratory resuscitation was performed in supine position. Patient recovered without any sequelae and had operation completed 6 weeks later.