bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of the art of innovation management: insights from a retrospective review of the European Journal of Innovation Management
Authors: Bamel Nisha , Kumar Satish , Bamel Umesh , Lim Weng Marc , Sureka Riya
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Innovation goes beyond creation, concentrating on enhancement, which is essential for advancement. Since 1998, the European Journal of Innovation Management (EJIM) has been a leading forum dedicated to thought leadership and research on the advances in innovation management. Given that EJIM has run over two decades, the time is now opportune to reflect on the journal's contributions to innovation management. Thus, this paper aims to retrospectively review the productivity, impact and knowledge of innovation management research in EJIM.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts a bibliometric methodology to engage in a retrospective review of EJIM. The bibliographic data of 757 papers published in EJIM from 1998 to 2021 were retrieved from Scopus and analyzed using performance analysis and science mapping techniques.

Findings

The productivity (publication) and impact (citation) of innovation management research curated by EJIM have grown prolifically over time. Though EJIM operates with a European title, the journal receives and publishes contributions worldwide (e.g. Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania). Noteworthily, the knowledge of innovation management research in EJIM can be divided into four categories: basic themes (general), which comprise innovation, open innovation, new product development and product and process innovation; motor themes (well-developed), which consist of organizational culture and innovation and leadership and creativity; niche themes (very specialized), which include dynamic capabilities and business model innovation; and emerging or declining themes (weakly developed or marginalized), which is made up of research and development (R&D) and green innovation.

Originality/value

This paper offers a seminal retrospection of EJIM and the journal's productivity, impact and contribution to innovation management.
From holistically to accidentally sustainable: a study of motivations and identity expression in sustainable living
Authors: Garnelo-Gomez Irene , Money Kevin , Littlewood David
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the role of individual action in addressing challenges of sustainability, and to help marketing scholars and practitioners better understand what motivates sustainable living.

Design/methodology/approach

Semistructured interviews with 35 individuals self-identifying as sustainable shed light on motivations and identity expression in sustainable living. Four Drive Theory, and Personal and Social Identity Theory (operationalized through the Dynamic Model of Identity Development), provide this study’s guiding theoretical framework. Data analysis was informed by the Gioia methodology.

Findings

Individuals differently express their personal and social identities through sustainable living, and are differently motivated to live sustainably. Those expressing personal identity salience through sustainable living draw on a broader set of motivations than those expressing social identity salience. This results in varying levels of commitment to sustainable living, with differences also found in individuals’ personal satisfaction derived from their sustainable living efforts. Based on these findings, a novel typology of sustainable individuals is developed.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited by its focus on one geographic area and relatively small sample size. A key implication is the need to consider both personal and social identity when studying behavior in other marketing contexts.

Practical implications

The research provides important insights for marketing practitioners, policymakers and others seeking to better categorize sustainable individuals and target marketing messages to encourage sustainable behaviors.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to marketing scholarship by providing new insights on the role of identity and motivations in sustainable living. It introduces a novel typology of sustainable individuals, founded on differences in identity expression and motivational drives, which are also associated with the range of sustainable behaviors people engage with and how individuals make sense of these behaviors.
Scan-to-BIM technique in building maintenance projects: practicing quantity take-off
Authors: Sing Michael C.P. , Luk Sophie, Y.Y. , Chan Ken H.C. , Liu Henry J. , Humphrey Richard
Published: September 2022

Purpose

In Hong Kong, over 20,000 private residential buildings will be 50 plus years old by 2039. However, building maintenance has not been owners’ popular interest because of the high cost as well as the complexities in justifying whether the quantities and prices of the maintenance works are reasonable. This paper therefore aims to validate the practicality of adopting Scan-to-BIM: Terrestrial Laser Scan (TLS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) to perform quantity take-offs (QTO) for estimating building maintenance costs.

Design/methodology/approach

A 64-year-old tenement building was selected to conduct a case study. In this instance, the building had undergone a Scan-to-BIM survey approach to generate QTO for the bills of quantities for external painting works. The Scan-to-BIM approach includes site visit, positioning of scanning equipment, assignment of circular scan routes, point cloud registration and identification of residual error. After that, time, cost and quality data were logged into contrast with QTO on as-built plans for external wall plastering works.

Findings

The “time”, “cost” and “quality” of the Scan-to BIM practice were then examined and compared with the prevailing practices of manual measurements on as-built drawings. As noted from the results, the initial cost of Scan-to BIM is high, owing to the cost of equipment, software and capable available operators. However, the authors identified that the time and cost can be significantly minimised by developing and implementing efficient practices such as preparing a detailed scan plan, equipping modeller with quantity surveying knowledge, using automated object recognition and 5D BIM software packages such as Vico Office and CostX.

Practical implications

The upshot is that Scan-to-BIM could be one of the measures to advance the clarity in the QTO and estimated price of the maintenance projects.

Originality/value

The practicability of Scan-to-BIM has received limited attention on existing building maintenance project. The Scan-to-BIM approach was examined using a case building of a 64-year-old tenement building. The approach demonstrated in this research study is promised to advance the clarity in the QTO and estimated price of maintenance project.
Mindfulness–based positive transformative leadership development for health organisations
Authors: Paul David
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Positive transformative leadership development practices in health care are perhaps the most important pathway that, collectively, can be pursued while heading towards a post-corona virus disease 2019 world, and race towards 2030. As a practitioner paper, based on front line and leadership experience, this study aims to argue that we need transformational leaders who will go beyond knowing to practice and implementation. While the findings from research is presented from different organisations and companies, they all have something in common – people. Hence, important lessons can be extrapolated to health-related organisations in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is based on practical research findings based on the literature. The approach uses real practical examples from companies and organisations to demonstrate the need for a new, radical way forward.

Findings

The findings from the literature clearly indicate that mindfulness-based transformative leadership development program is a worthwhile investment for decision-makers and organisations. A new transformative leader for the future of health care needs to be developed with care with investment in that development.

Research limitations/implications

Implications of this paper show that health-care organisations need to begin this journey. There is a paucity in the literature to demonstrate the implementation of mindfulness-based transformative leadership development programs.

Practical implications

Organisations of the future face even greater challenges brought about by intelligent technology, new pandemics and even tighter government regulation. The time to prepare for such eventualities is now. This is not a choice but an imperative for organisations to know what to do rather than react with regret.

Originality/value

There is a paucity in the health-care literature that tracks, measures, and reports on the long-term results of a mindfulness-based transformative leadership development program. This needs to be addressed, and health care should be a leader in the field of mindfulness and transformative leadership of the future.
Effects of 60Co γ ray radiation on the transmission characteristics of interconnection structures for 3D packaging
Authors: Zhang Youxin , Liu Yang , Cao Rongxing , Zeng Xianghua , Xue Yuxiong
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Concerning the radiation effects on the three-dimensional (3D) packaging in space environment, this study aims to investigate the influence of the total dose effect on the transmission characteristics of high-frequency electrical signals using experimental and simulation methods.

Design/methodology/approach

This work carries out the irradiation test of the specimens and measures their S21 parameters before and after irradiation. A simulation model describing the total dose effect was built based on the experimental test results. And, the radiation hardening design is evaluated by the simulation method.

Findings

The experimental results demonstrate that the S21 curve of the interconnection decreases with the increase of the irradiation dose, indicating that the total dose effect leads to the decline of its signal transmission characteristics. According to the simulation results, decreasing the height of the through silicon via (TSV), increasing the radius of the TSV, reducing the length of Si and increasing the number of grounded through silicon via have positive effects on improving the radiation resistance of the interconnection structure.

Originality/value

This work investigates the effect of radiation on the transmission characteristics of interconnection structures for 3D packaging and proposes the hardening design methods. It is meaningful for improving the reliability of 3D packaging in space applications.
Uncomfortable science: How mathematical models, and consensus, come to be in public policy
Authors: Rhodes Tim , Lancaster Kari
Published: September 2022

We explore messy translations of evidence in policy as a site of ‘uncomfortable science’. Drawing on the work of John Law, we follow evidence as a ‘fluid object’ of its situation, also enacted in relation to a hinterland of practices. Working with the qualitative interview accounts of mathematical modellers and other scientists engaged in the UK COVID‐19 response, we trace how models perform as evidence. Our point of departure is a moment of controversy in the public announcement of second national lockdown in the UK, and specifically, the projected daily deaths from COVID‐19 presented in support of this policy decision. We reflect on this event to trace the messy translations of “scientific consensus” in the face of uncertainty. Efforts among scientists to realise evidence‐based expectation and to manage the troubled translations of models in policy, including via “scientific consensus”, can extend the dis‐ease of uncomfortable science rather than clean it up or close it down. We argue that the project of evidence‐based policy is not so much in need of technical management or repair, but that we need to be thinking altogether differently.
Is transition an (adult) problem? – experiences of autistic students during the transition from primary to secondary school
Authors: Richter Mechthild , Clément Céline , Flavier Eric
Published: September 2022

Recent research indicates that the transition from primary to secondary school is an important step in students' lives. Although this step is often expected to be even more challenging for autistic students, there are new hints that the transition could also be an opportunity and not necessarily a negative period. Sixteen autistic students in France were interviewed three times during their first year of secondary school (6th grade) regarding their transition to secondary school. They presented a positive self‐image and preferred secondary school over primary school for various reasons. They focused on their everyday life in secondary school rather than problematising the transition, which in most cases had been planned and prepared by the adults in their life. Their positive experiences and unique views on the transition and the first year of secondary school could contribute to a more optimistic and inclusive transition planning. Therefore, the study provides original accounts from a group of participants who are often neither involved in transition planning nor in transition research.
Achieving transformation to lean management systems in health care
Authors: Charns Martin P. , Lerner Barbara , Yakovchenko Vera , Urech Tracy H. , Shin Marlena H. , Kim Bo , Engle Ryann L. , Vashi Anita A.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To understand what factors and organizational dynamics enable Lean transformation of health care organizations.

Data Sources

Primary data were collected through two waves of interviews in 2016–2017 with leaders and staff at seven veterans affairs medical centers participating in Lean enterprise transformation.

Study Design

Using an observational study design, for each site we coded and rated seven potential enablers of transformation. The outcome measure was the extent of Lean transformation, constructed by coding and rating 11 markers of depth and spread of transformation. Using multivalue coincidence analysis (CNA), we identified enablers that distinguished among sites having different levels of transformation. We identified representative quotes for the enablers.

Data Collection Methods

We interviewed 121 executive leaders, middle managers, expert consultants, systems redesign staff, frontline supervisors, and staff.

Principal Findings

Two sites achieved high Lean transformation, three medium, and two low. Together leadership support and capability development were sufficient for the three‐level Lean transformation outcomes with 100% consistency and 100% coverage. High scores on both corresponded to high Lean transformation; medium on either one corresponded to medium transformation; and low on both corresponded to low transformation. Additionally, low scores in communication and availability of data and very low scores in alignment characterized low‐transformation sites. Sites with high leadership support also had a high veteran engagement.

Conclusions

This multisite study develops a novel measure of the extent of organization‐wide Lean transformation and uses CNA to identify enablers linked to transformation. It provides insights into why and how some organizations are more successful at transformation than others. Findings support the applicability of the organization transformation model that guided the study and highlight the roles of executive leadership and capability development in the dynamics of transformation.
A systematic review of virtual reality therapies for substance use disorders: Impact on secondary treatment outcomes
Authors: Taubin Daria , Berger Amy , Greenwald Dan , Greenwald Herbert , Burke Colin , Gongora Dinah S. , Wilens Timothy
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Virtual reality (VR) therapy may be an effective tool in treating urges and cravings in substance use disorder (SUD). Given the high co‐occurrence of difficulties with mood, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation with SUD, this review sought to examine the extant literature on the efficacy of VR for SUD in improving these secondary treatment outcomes.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, PsychInfo, and Embase. Studies were included if they utilized immersive VR, were conducted with individuals with substance use disorder/dependence/misuse, and included measures of mood, anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, or retention in treatment.

Results

Seven articles met our inclusion criteria. Five studies were conducted on patients using nicotine and utilized a cue‐exposure intervention. VR was effective at reducing substance use and cravings in the majority of studies. Results on the efficacy of VR for improving mood, anxiety, and emotional regulation were mixed. Work examining retention in treatment was limited.

Discussion and Conclusions

VR for SUD has the potential to improve mood and anxiety symptoms as well as retention in treatment for patients with SUD, particularly if the therapy targets these psychological symptoms. Future studies examining components of VR for SUD in individuals with drug use disorders, as well as examinations of targeted interventions for associated mood, emotional dysregulation, and retention in treatment, are necessary.

Scientific Significance

This is the first systematic review of the impact of VR on mood, anxiety, and emotional dysregulation for individuals with substance use.
Utilizing the same incision for staged renal transplant in patients with polycystic kidney disease requiring hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy
Authors: Huynh Nguyen , Yoon Peter , Hort Amy , Yao Jinna , Lee Taina , Yuen Lawrence , Laurence Jerome Martin , Pleass Henry
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds

Many autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients undergo nephrectomy and subsequent renal transplantation. We report our outcomes after hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) where a Rutherford‐Morrison incision is used as a hand‐port site and kidney extraction site, as well the future incision site for staged transplantation.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on all adult nephrectomies for ADPKD by the Transplant Surgery department at Westmead Hospital between June 2011 and June 2021. Outcomes were compared between HALN, laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) and open nephrectomy (ON) including operation time, hospital length of stay (LOS), post‐operative complications, subsequent transplantation and post‐transplantation wound complications.

Results

Twenty‐two HALN, 8 LN and 5 ON were performed during the study period. Median kidney weights for HALN, LN and ON were significantly different (1575, 403, 3420 g respectively, P = 0.001). There was a significant difference in LOS between the HALN and ON (5.8 versus 9.8 days, P = 0.04), but not between HALN and LN (5.8 versus 5.1, P = 0.06). There was no significant difference for operation time (P = 0.34) and major complication rates (P = 0.58). There were 8 HALN, 5 LN and 2 ON who have had subsequent renal transplantation with one wound complication, an incisional hernia in the HALN group.

Conclusion

Our HALN is associated with a shorter LOS and similar complication rate to ON and can be efficiently performed for significantly larger kidneys than LN without a significant difference in operation time or LOS. The same Rutherford‐Morrison incision site can be used for transplantation.
Diminishing lengths of subsequent bowel resections in the surgical management of ileal Crohn's disease
Authors: Maher Declan , Ting Pascallina , Edmundson Aleksandra , Cuda Tahleesa J. , Clark David A.
Published: September 2022

Background

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that most commonly affects the ileum. As a result, it is associated with a high lifetime risk of one or more surgical resections. The surgical paradigm is to preserve intestinal length. This study aims to assess the length of ileum resected at the index operation and at subsequent ileocolic resections for Crohn's disease.

Methods

This is a retrospective study assessing the clinical and pathological data of patients undergoing ileocolic resection for the management of Crohn's disease over the period 01/01/2002 to 31/07/2020 in two metropolitan Australian hospitals.

Results

One hundred and seventy‐six patients were analysed: 130 underwent a single resection; 31 underwent two resections; and 15 underwent three resections. The median age at the first operation was 37.2 years (range 18–69) with 60% of patients female. The median length resected at the first surgery was 17.8 cm (IQR 12.0) for small bowel, and 5.0 cm (IQR 1.0) for large bowel. The length of ileum resected at the first surgery was significantly greater than that of the second (P = 0.0001), without significant differences between the second and third resections (P = 0.49). The time interval from diagnosis to the first surgery had no significant impact on the length of intestine resected at the index ileocolic resection.

Conclusion

In Crohn's disease, the length of ileum removed at first resection is the greatest, with subsequent resection lengths less than the first.
TheAbeng’s Call: The Articulation of Place and the International in Black Power Print Production
Authors: Gowland Ben
Published: September 2022

This article engages with radical Black Power print production in order to examine the articulation of Black practices of place‐making and Black internationalist spatial politics. These spatial politics and practices are developed through engagement with the Jamaican Black Power newspaperAbengwhich was produced at the height of Black Power activity on the island in 1969. The paper draws on Black Geographies scholarship to demonstrate thatAbengrepresented a material and discursive means through which subaltern practices and places of resistance in Jamaica were enacted in opposition to and excess of plantation spatialities and regimes on the island. The carving out of such subaltern places allowed for the articulation of transnational imaginaries and translocal solidarities with similarly aligned communities and struggles across the diasporic world. TheAbengnewspaper was again central in crafting these imagined Black internationalist geographies and coeval praxes of transnational solidarity.
Inhibitory deficits and symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: How are they related to effortful control?
Authors: Kostyrka‐Allchorne Katarzyna , Wass Sam V. , Yusuf Hodo , Rao Vidya , Bertini Chloé , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S.
Published: September 2022

Separate studies with clinical and community‐based samples have identified an association between symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and inhibitory control deficits and ADHD and weak effortful control. We tested whether differences in effortful control explained the associations between ADHD symptoms and inhibitory control deficits, controlling for conduct problems. In a community sample, parents rated ADHD symptoms, conduct problems, effortful control, surgency and negative affect in 77 4‐7‐year‐olds (47 girls), who performed an inhibitory control task. ADHD symptoms, deficient inhibitory control and low effortful control were correlated. Controlling for conduct problems, path analysis showed the ADHD symptoms – inhibitory control link was mediated statistically by effortful control. This focuses attention on cognitive‐energetic factors associated with ADHD‐related executive deficits.
Perivascular macrophages in theCNS: From health to neurovascular diseases
Authors: Zheng Li , Guo Yunlu , Zhai Xiaozhu , Zhang Yueman , Chen Weijie , Zhu Ziyu , Xuan Wei , Li Peiying
Published: September 2022

Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are attracting increasing attention as this emerging cell population in the brain has multifaced roles in supporting the central nervous system structure, brain development, and maintaining physiological functions. They also widely participate in neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration and ischemic stroke. Moreover, PVMs have been reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects under different pathological contexts. Advanced research technologies allowed the further in‐depth study of PVMs and revealed novel concepts in their origins, differentiation, and regulatory mechanisms. Deepened understanding of the roles of PVMs in different brain pathological conditions can reveal novel phenotypic changes and regulatory signaling, which might pave the way for the development of novel treatment strategies targeting PVMs.
Prospective and multicentre study of radiofrequency treatment in anal fistula
Authors: Sautereau Marie , Bouchard Dominique , Brochard Charlène , Pigot François , Siproudhis Laurent , Fayette Jean Marie , Train Cécile , Laurain Anne , Favreau Charlotte , Abramowitz Laurent
Published: September 2022

Background

The most effective treatment for anal fistula is fistulotomy, but it involves a risk of anal incontinence. To reduce this morbidity, sphincter‐sparing treatments have been developed, but their success in real life is often less than 50%. The aim is to determine the clinical healing rate 6 months after radiofrequency treatment.

Methods

We planned to evaluate 50 patients from three French proctology centres. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at 6 and 12 months by means of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging examination. We evaluated morbidity and healing prognostic factors.

Results

Fifty patients with a mean age of 51 years (22–82) were included. Eleven patients had a low trans‐sphincteric fistula (LTS), 21 patients had a high trans‐sphincteric fistula (HTS), eight had a complex fistula and nine had Crohn's disease fistula. After 6 months, 17 patients (34.7%) had a clinically healed fistula, including five (45.5%) with LTS fistula, seven (33.3%) with HTS fistula, one (12.5%) with complex fistula, four (44.4%) with Crohn's disease, with no significant difference between these fistula types (p: 0.142). At 12 months, the healing rate was identical. MRI in 15 out of 17 clinically healed patients showed a deep remission of 73.3% at 12 months. Energy power was associated with the success of the treatment. There was an 8.2% incidence of post‐surgical complications with 4.1% being abscesses (one required surgical management). Postoperative pain was minor. No new cases or deterioration of continence have been shown.

Conclusion

Radiofrequency is effective in 34.7% of the cases as an anal fistula treatment in this first prospective study, with low morbidity and no effect on continence. Clinical healing was deep (MRI) in three‐quarters at 1 year. The increase in energy power during the procedure seems to be a key point to be analysed to optimise results.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of radiolabeled intraocular anti‐CLEC14a antibody in preclinical animal species and application in humans
Authors: Park Sohyun , Lee Youn Woo , Oh Jaeseong , Kim Su Jin , Lee Sukmook , Lee Ho‐Young
Published: September 2022

Anti‐angiogenic antibodies are widely used in the treatment of neovascular macular degeneration. Human antibody targeting C‐type lectin domain family 14 member A (CLEC14a) is potential therapeutic agents owing to its antiangiogenic activity. In the present study, we aimed to predict the human intraocular pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of an anti‐CLEC14a antibody. I‐125 labeled aflibercept and anti‐CLEC14a antibody were intravitreally injected into mice, rats, and rabbits. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging was performed, and the intraocular radioactivity concentration (%ID/ml) was obtained. The PK parameters in those three animal species were obtained by compartmental analysis. The PK parameters in humans were estimated by allometric scaling of the animal PK parameters with consideration of the hydrodynamic radius of the antibody. The mean half‐life values of intraocular I‐125‐labeled aflibercept in mice, rats, and rabbits were 1.13 days, 1.25 days, and 4.91 days, respectively, by analysis with a one‐compartment model. The predicted human half‐life of intraocular aflibercept was 5.75 days based on vitreal volume by allometric scaling. The half‐life values of intraocular I‐125‐labeled anti‐CLEC14a in mice, rats and rabbits were 1.05 days, 1.84 days, and 6.37 days, respectively, by analysis with a one‐compartment model. The predicted human half‐life of intraocular anti‐CLEC14a was 10.29 days based on vitreal volume. According to the hydrodynamic volume of the anti‐CLEC14a, the predicted human half‐life of intraocular anti‐CLEC14a was 9.81 days. The PK characteristics of the intraocular anti‐CLEC14a antibody were evaluated noninvasively in animals using I‐125 labeling, and the intraocular PK characteristics in humans were predicted using these animal data. This methodology can be applied for the development of new antiangiogenic antibodies to treat macular degeneration.
The influences of diurnal variability and ocean acidification on the bioerosion rates of two reef‐dwelling Caribbean sponges
Authors: Morris John , Enochs Ian , Webb Alice , de Bakker Didier , Soderberg Nash , Kolodziej Graham , Manzello Derek
Published: September 2022

Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to modify the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems by reducing calcification, increasing bioerosion, and altering the physiology of many marine organisms. Much of our understanding of these relationships is based on experiments with static OA treatments, although evidence suggests that the magnitude of diurnal fluctuations in carbonate chemistry may modulate the calcification response to OA. These light‐mediated swings in seawater pH are projected to become more extreme with OA, yet their impact on bioerosion remains unknown. We evaluated the influence of diurnal carbonate chemistry variability on the bioerosion rates of two Caribbean sponges: the zooxanthellate Cliona varians and azooxanthellate Cliothosa delitrix. Replicate fragments from multiple colonies of each species were exposed to four precisely controlled pH treatments: contemporary static (8.05 ± 0.00; mean pH ± diurnal pH oscillation), contemporary variable (8.05 ± 0.10), future OA static (7.80 ± 0.00), and future OA variable (7.80 ± 0.10). Significantly enhanced bioerosion rates, determined using buoyant weight measurements, were observed under more variable conditions in both the contemporary and future OA scenarios for C. varians, whereas the same effect was only apparent under contemporary pH conditions for C. delitrix. These results indicate that variable carbonate chemistry has a stimulating influence on sponge bioerosion, and we hypothesize that bioerosion rates evolve non‐linearly as a function of pCO2 resulting in different magnitudes and directions of rate enhancement/reduction between day and night, even with an equal fluctuation around the mean. This response appeared to be intensified by photosymbionts, evident by the consistently higher percent increase in bioerosion rates for photosynthetic C. varians across all treatments. These findings further suggest that more variable natural ecosystems may presently experience elevated sponge bioerosion rates and that the heightened impact of OA enhanced bioerosion on reef habitat could occur sooner than prior predictions.
Relationship between maintenance of occlusal support achieved by home‐visit dental treatment and prognosis in home‐care patients—a preliminary study
Authors: Kikutani Takeshi , Takahashi Noriaki , Tohara Takashi , Furuya Hiroyasu , Tanaka Kumi , Hobo Kimiko , Isoda Tomoko , Fukui Tomoko
Published: September 2022

Aim

To determine whether occlusal maintenance and reconstruction by dental intervention is associated with the prognosis of older home‐care patients.

Methods

The study participants were 289 older home‐care patients (101 males, mean age 82.2 ± 7.7 years) who received visiting dental treatment from dental clinics in the region between 2012 and 2018. The participants were followed up for 1000 days after receiving the necessary dental treatment in a home‐visit setting. The participants were divided into three groups: those with natural tooth occlusion, those whose molar occlusion was maintained or reconstructed by dentures, and those whose occlusion was not reconstructed. Factors associated with prognosis were determined using the Cox proportional hazard model, with occlusal status, comorbidities, the activity of daily living, and residence status as explanatory variables.

Results

In the overall population, occlusal status (hazard ratio [HR] of those with occlusal disintegration versus those with natural tooth occlusion: 2.1, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.18–3.82) and age (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.44–3.61) were identified as significant factors.

In the group of participants aged <85 years, only occlusal status (HR of those with occlusal disintegration versus those with natural tooth occlusion: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.34–8.68) was a significant factor. In the group of participants aged ≥85 years, occlusal status was not significantly associated with prognosis.

Conclusions

The maintenance and acquisition of occlusal support achieved by dental treatment contribute to improved prognosis in older patients younger than 85 years requiring home nursing care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 976–981.
Patricia Crone and the “secular tradition” of early Islamic historiography: An exegesis
Authors: Little Joshua J.
Published: September 2022

Patricia Crone famously identified three distinct sub‐traditions within early Islamic historiography: a “religious tradition”, a “tribal tradition”, and a “secular tradition”. Whereas the first is extremely unreliable and the second is partially unreliable regarding early Islamic history in general (c. 600–750 CE), Crone argued that the third provides “a coherent historical account”, at least as far back as the beginning of the Umayyad period (c. 661 CE). Some confusion has since arisen over the identity of this “secular tradition” (thanks to Crone's famously terse and technical style), but a close examination of her work reveals that she had in mind state‐oriented chronology and prosopography (i.e., basic political information on early Muslim caliphs, governors, judges, and commanders) or proto‐taʾrīkh. Crone argued that this material (which mostly survives intermingled with the religious and tribal traditions in extant Islamic literary sources) derives via continuous written transmission from rudimentary state‐oriented chronicles and prosopographies composed by pro‐Marwanid Muslim writers in eighth‐century Syria. Although these proto‐tawārīkh are now lost, Crone argued that their eighth‐century existence can be inferred from contemporaneous references thereto in extant Christian chronicles—a conclusion strengthened by more recent scholarship. For this reason, the “secular tradition” is substantially more reliable than the other traditions within early Islamic historiography, which underwent a protracted process of oral transmission and consequent mutation, distortion, and growth.
Analysis of the cognitive aspects of the preference elicitation process in the compensatory context: a neuroscience experiment with FITradeoff
Authors: Carneiro de Lima da Silva Anderson Lucas , Cabral Seixas Costa Ana Paula , de Almeida Adiel Teixeira
Published: September 2022

Multi‐criteria methods and systems have been developed over many years to support decision‐making with a process of eliciting preferences. The emphasis has been on those that incorporate compensatory rationality, the characteristics of which make the process more complex. Neuroscience has offered the opportunity to capture aspects of cognition, generating insights. This paper investigates the preference elicitation process with Flexible and Interactive Tradeoff (FITradeoff), using electroencephalography and eye‐tracking applied to a sample of undergraduate and graduate students. While FITradeoff offers greater flexibility when evaluating recent advances in the area, the experiment carried out incorporates paradigms present in other methods developed for compensatory rationality. The results indicate the effect the type of predominant criterion has on cognitive effort. Moreover, a non‐linear relationship between the number of criteria and questions was found, which suggests that decision‐makers use a strategy of minimizing cognitive effort. Such findings help to direct efforts to enhance systems and methods with compensatory rationality.
Scaphoideus titanus fitness on grapevine varieties with different susceptibility to Flavescence dorée phytoplasma
Authors: Ripamonti Matteo , Galetto Luciana , Maron Federico , Marzachì Cristina , Bosco Domenico
Published: September 2022

Scaphoideus titanus (Ball) is a Nearctic leafhopper (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), monophagous on Vitis spp., naturalized in European vineyards since the 20th century. Following its introduction and establishment in Europe, S. titanus became the main vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) to grapevine. FDp causes heavy economic losses to viticulture in Europe. The control of the disease mainly relies on insecticide applications against the vector and on the removal of infected plants. The exploitation of plant resistance or tolerance against pathogens and pests can represent a valuable tool for a more sustainable viticulture. The first step in identifying resistance traits in grapevine varieties towards S. titanus is the evaluation of insect fitness parameters on different grapevine genotypes. Therefore, in this work, nymph mortality and developmental time, adult survival and prolificacy of S. titanus have been studied on three grapevine varieties, characterized by different susceptibility to FD. Scaphoideus titanus showed highest fitness when reared on Barbera, whereas the worst performances were recorded on Moscato, with a significant reduction in nymph and adult survivals, a slowed nymph development, and a decreased number of available eggs. On Brachetto, S. titanus showed an intermediate level of fitness parameters. Consistently with previous studies on feeding behaviour, Barbera is the most suitable host for the FD‐vector. The high suitability of Barbera for S. titanus may partly explain the high susceptibility to FD of this variety. On the contrary, the low suitability of Moscato, poorly susceptible to FD, may be due to antibiosis and antixenosis defence mechanisms that act against S. titanus.
Genital mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum detected in two captive sharks by peptide nucleic acid–fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Inohana Mari , Komine Takeshi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Kurata Osamu , Wada Shinpei
Published: September 2022

Mycobacterium marinum is a prevalent nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)‐infecting teleosts. Conversely, little is known about mycobacteriosis in elasmobranchs, and M. marinum infection has never been reported from the subclass. This study investigated the histopathological characteristics and localization of this mycobacterium through molecular analysis of two captive sharks, a scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini and a Japanese bullhead shark Heterodontus japonicus, exhibited in the same aquarium tank. We detected genital mycobacteriosis caused by M. marinum infection using molecular analyses, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing targeting the 60 kDa heat‐shock protein gene (hsp65), and peptide nucleic acid–fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA‐FISH) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Both sharks showed granulomas in connective tissues of the gonads without central necrosis or surrounding fibrous capsules, which is unlike the typical mycobacterial granulomas seen in teleosts. This study reveals that elasmobranchs can be aquatic hosts of M. marinum. Because M. marinum is a representative waterborne NTM and a potential zoonotic agent, cautious and intensive research is needed to overcome a lack of data on the relationship between NTM and the aquatic environment in association with this subclass of Chondrichthyes.
Associations Among Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and COVID‐19 Pandemic‐Related Stressors
Authors: Shuman Clayton J. , Morgan Mikayla E. , Pareddy Neha , Chiangong Jolyna , Veliz Philip , Peahl Alex , Dalton Vanessa
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic‐related stressors (eg, exposure, infection worry, self‐quarantining) can result in heightened levels of distress and symptoms of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional descriptive design, we collected survey data from a convenience sample of 670 postpartum persons who gave birth to a newborn during the first 6 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. The presence of PTSD symptoms was measured using the 21‐item Birth Memories And Recall Questionnaire (BirthMARQ) and defined as an affirmative rating for each item (score of 5 to 7 on a 1 to 7 agreement scale). Symptoms counts were computed for each of the 6 BirthMARQ domains, 2 symptom clusters (intrusive; mood and cognition alterations), and the total number of symptoms. Symptom counts were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We explored associations among COVID‐19 experiences (self‐quarantine behaviors, infection worry, exposure) and counts of PTSD symptoms using negative binomial regression models while controlling for postpartum depression screening scores, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, number of weeks postpartum, race, and marital status.

Results

Almost 99% of participants reported experiencing at least one of 21 PTSD symptoms (mean, 8.32; SD, 3.63). Exposure to COVID‐19 was associated with a 34% greater risk for experiencing intrusive symptoms, specifically, symptoms of reliving the birthing experience as if it were happening now (47% greater risk). Worry surrounding COVID‐19 infection was associated with a 26% increased risk for experiencing intrusive recall symptoms in which birth memories came up unexpectantly. COVID‐19 quarantining behaviors were not significantly related to increasing PTSD symptoms. Many of the demographic variables included were associated with increasing PTSD symptoms.

Discussion

Screening perinatal persons for PTSD is critically important, especially during public health crises like the COVID‐19 pandemic. The integration of comprehensive mental health screening, including specific screening for trauma and symptoms of PTSD, across health care settings can help improve delivery of quality, patient‐centered care to postpartum persons.
Teacher allocation and school performance in Italy
Authors: Bryson Alex , Corsini Lorenzo , Martelli Irene
Published: September 2022

Italy's secondary school system faced budget cuts, which limit availability of new permanent job slots for teachers. The allocation of these slots favours teachers with more seniority such that the age distribution of teachers across schools reflects older teachers' preferences for being close to urban centres. Using schools' distance from main urban centres and population size in the school's vicinity to instrument for non‐random exposure of schools to older teachers, we show older teachers are detrimental to pupil attainment. The effect is large: a 6‐year increase in the age of teachers leads to a one standard deviation reduction in the graduation mark.
Economic evaluation of the Hepatitis C virus elimination program in the country of Georgia, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Tskhomelidze Irina , Shadaker Shaun , Kuchuloria Tinatin , Gvinjilia Lia , Butsashvili Maia , Nasrullah Muazzam , Gabunia Tamar , Gamkrelidze Amiran , Getia Vladimer , Sharvadze Lali , Tsertsvadze Tengiz , Zarqua Jaba , Tsanava Shota , Handanagic Senad , Armstrong Paige A. , Averhoff Francisco , Vickerman Peter , Walker Josephine G.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims

In 2015, the country of Georgia launched an elimination program aiming to reduce the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 90% from 5.4% prevalence (~150 000 people). During the first 2.5 years of the program, 770 832 people were screened, 48 575 were diagnosed with active HCV infection, and 41 483 patients were treated with direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐based regimens, with a >95% cure rate.

Methods

We modelled the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of HCV screening, diagnosis and treatment between April 2015 and November 2017 compared to no treatment, in terms of cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained in 2017 US dollars, with a 3% discount rate over 25 years. We compared the ICER to willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) thresholds of US$4357 (GDP) and US$871 (opportunity cost) per QALY gained.

Results

The average cost of screening, HCV viremia testing, and treatment per patient treated was $386 to the provider, $225 to the patient and $1042 for generic DAAs. At 3% discount, 0.57 QALYs were gained per patient treated. The ICER from the perspective of the provider including generic DAAs was $2285 per QALY gained, which is cost‐effective at the $4357 WTP threshold, while if patient costs are included, it is just above the threshold at $4398/QALY. All other scenarios examined in sensitivity analyses remain cost‐effective except for assuming a shorter time horizon to the end of 2025 or including the list price DAA cost. Reducing or excluding DAA costs reduced the ICER below the opportunity‐cost WTP threshold.

Conclusions

The Georgian HCV elimination program provides valuable evidence that national programs for scaling up HCV screening and treatment for achieving HCV elimination can be cost‐effective.
Usefulness of intraoperative rapid immunohistochemistry in the surgical treatment of brain tumors
Authors: Inoue Akihiro , Watanabe Hideaki , Kondo Takuya , Katayama Eiji , Miyazaki Yukihiro , Suehiro Satoshi , Yamashita Daisuke , Taniwaki Mashio , Kurata Mie , Shigekawa Seiji , Kitazawa Riko , Kunieda Takeharu
Published: September 2022

In the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), intraoperative rapid pathological diagnosis can dramatically change the surgical strategy, and more accurate diagnostic methods are required. In April 2020, we adopted intraoperative rapid immunohistochemistry (IHC) in addition to conventional rapid intraoperative diagnosis based on morphological assessment, mainly for patients with PCNSL. Here, we investigate the usefulness and significance of intraoperative rapid IHC based on our initial experience. We performed intraoperative rapid IHC using antibodies for cluster of differentiation (CD)20, CD3, leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using enzyme‐labeled antibody methods in 25 patients, including PCNSL patients, from April 2020 to July 2022. We examined the utility of this approach in determining treatment strategies for brain tumors. Postoperative final pathological diagnoses from paraffin‐embedded sections were as follows: diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, 16 cases; glioblastoma, six cases; pilocytic astrocytoma, one case; adenocarcinoma, one case; and inflammatory disorder, one case. The entire process took 32 min and staining for CD20, CD3, LCA, and GFAP was comparable to that using paraffin‐embedded sections. In all cases, the results of intraoperative rapid IHC were consistent with final pathological diagnoses from paraffin‐embedded sections. In addition, in two cases, the results of conventional intraoperative rapid pathological diagnosis based on morphological assessments using frozen sections were drastically changed by adding intraoperative rapid IHC. Intraoperative rapid IHC contributes to deciding appropriate treatment strategies and facilitating early initiation of chemotherapy for PCNSL. This may allow new therapeutic strategies not only for PCNSL but also for other brain tumors.