bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low serum albumin levels predict poor outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Wang Anxin , Meng Xia , Lin Jinxi , Jiang Yong , Jing Jing , Zuo Yingting , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2021

Background

To examine the relationship of serum albumin with poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and perform a meta-analysis to summarise the association.

Methods

We analysed data from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-Ⅲ). Patients were divided into four groups based on serum albumin levels at admission. The outcomes included poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3 to 6) and mortality at 3 months and 1 year. Multiple logistic regression models and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the association, respectively. We used a fixed-effect model to calculate the risk ratio for poor functional outcome and a random-effect model for mortality in the meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 13 618 patients were enrolled. During the 3-month follow-up period, compared with 40 to 44.9 g/L group, patients in <35 g/L group had an increased risk of poor functional outcome and mortality (adjusted OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.67); adjusted HR 2.13 (95% CI 1.41 to 3.23)). The relationship in per 10 g/L decreased serum albumin with prognosis was consistently inversed (adjusted OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.35); adjusted HR 1.86 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.64)). Also, low serum albumin levels were independently correlated with clinical outcomes at 1 year. In the meta-analysis, the OR for poor functional outcome pooled 3 studies per 1 g/L decrease was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.05), and the HR for mortality pooled 5 studies was 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11).

Conclusions

Low serum albumin levels predict poor functional outcome and mortality in patients with AIS or TIA.
Economic cost of tobacco smoking and secondhand smoke exposure at home in Thailand
Authors: Komonpaisarn Touchanun
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Smoking is an important public health concern. This study is the first that attempts to estimate the economic cost of smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home in Thailand.

Method

A prevalence-based cost of illness approach following the guideline by WHO is employed.

Result

In 2017, the direct morbidity cost attributable to smoking and SHS exposure at home in Thailand was estimated to be at least US$265.97 million and US$23.66 million, respectively. Indirect morbidity costs from workday loss totalling US$25.04 million can be linked to smoking, while US$1.72 million was the result of SHS exposure at home. Smoking-attributable premature deaths resulted in an opportunity loss to the country equivalent to US$2.48 billion, while the figure was US$181.41 million for SHS exposure at home. Total years of life lost due to smoking and SHS-attributable premature deaths are estimated to have been at least 390 955 years for males and 82 536 years for females. The total economic cost from both types of tobacco exposure amounted to US$2.98 billion, equivalent to 17.41% of Thailand’s current health expenditure or 0.65% of its gross domestic product in 2017.

Conclusion

Smoking imposed a substantial economic burden on Thailand in 2017. Seven per cent of this cost was imposed on non-smokers sharing a residence with smokers. Females bore 80% of this SHS-related cost. The findings call for prompt responses from public health agencies in Thailand to launch effective tobacco control policies.
Aerobic training, resistance training, or their combination as a means to fight against excess weight and metabolic syndrome in obese students — which is the most effective modality? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Said Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelmoneim Mohamed Abdelrahman , Alibrahim Mohamed Shaab , Kotb Ahmed Abdel Hamed
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of either aerobic training (AT) or resistance training (RT) or both (A+RT) on obesity and its comorbidities in young adults. A total of 61 participants, aged 21.74 ± 1.42 years and with a body mass (BM) index (BMI) of 36.21 ± 2.43 kg/m2, were randomized for 12 weeks into control (CONT, n = 15), AT (n = 15), RT (n = 16), and A+RT (n = 15) groups. BM, body composition, and cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed before and after intervention. BM did not change in the CONT and RT groups but decreased significantly by 7.5 kg in the AT (p ≤ 0.05) and 8.82 kg in the A+RT (p ≤ 0.05) groups, respectively. Significant reductions were also noted in waist circumference, BMI, and body fat percentage in the exercising groups. The most significant variations were in the A+RT group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were increased after A+RT by 2.39 mg/dL. Significant reductions were also noted in very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentrations (−2.84 mg/dL) in the A+RT group. AT alone is effective in improving BM and body composition, while RT alone improves the body composition and A+RT ensures better outcomes concerning BM, body composition, HDL-C, and VLDL-C.

Novelty: Aerobic training alone is effective in improving BM and body composition. Resistance training alone improves the body composition. The combination of aerobic and resistance exercises ensures better outcomes for BM, body composition, HDL-C, and VLDL-C.
Increasing value through gear flexibility: a case study of US west coast sablefish
Authors: Krigbaum Melissa J. , Anderson Christopher M.
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the potential economic gains of allowing additional flexibility in gear choice, within rights-based management programs. A case study of US west coast sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) provides an example of a commercially important species where gear-switching is currently occurring within the individual fishing quota (IFQ) program, allowing us to isolate the economic potential of gear flexibility along two important margins: size and quality. We conduct a hedonic price analysis of ex-vessel prices using panel fish ticket data and linear mixed-effect econometric models to examine the influences of gear, size, condition, fishing sector, port group, landing month, and year on the price of sablefish. We generate a counter-factual scenario that represents the IFQ fishery where the use of fixed gear is prohibited by predicting what the size composition of catch would have been if the sablefish had been caught with trawl gear. We find that the flexibility of targeting sablefish with fixed gear between 2011 and 2016 generated an annual mean 10.45% increase in total revenue, or US$1.17 million, compared with the trawl-only scenario. These results show sablefish value increases through implementing gear flexibility, which contributes to a broader conversation of allocative efficiency.
Understanding and avoiding misplaced efforts in conservation
Authors: Ford Adam T. , Ali Abdullahi H. , Colla Sheila R. , Cooke Steven J. , Lamb Clayton T. , Pittman Jeremy , Shiffman David S. , Singh Navinder J.
Published: February 2021

Conservation relies on cooperation among different interest groups and appropriate use of evidence to make decisions that benefit people and biodiversity. However, misplaced conservation occurs when cooperation and evidence are impeded by polarization and misinformation. This impedance influences actions that directly harm biodiversity, alienate partners and disrupt partnerships, waste resources, misinform the public, and (or) delegitimize evidence. As a result of these actions, misplaced conservation outcomes emerge, making it more difficult to have positive outcomes for biodiversity. Here we describe cases where a failed appreciation for cooperation, evidence, or both have eroded efforts to conserve biodiversity. Generally, these case studies illustrate that averting misplaced conservation requires greater adherence to processes that elevate the role of evidence in decision-making and that place collective, long-term benefits for biodiversity over the short-term gains of individuals or groups. Efforts to integrate human dimensions, cooperation, and evidence into conservation will increase the efficacy and success of efforts to conserve global biodiversity while benefiting humanity.
From oscillation dip to oscillation valley in atmospheric neutrino experiments
Authors: Kumar Anil , Khatun Amina , Agarwalla Sanjib Kumar , Dighe Amol
Published: February 2021

Atmospheric neutrino experiments can show the “oscillation dip” feature in data, due to their sensitivity over a large L/E range. In experiments that can distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos, like INO, oscillation dips can be observed in both these channels separately. We present the dip-identification algorithm employing a data-driven approach – one that uses the asymmetry in the upward-going and downward-going events, binned in the reconstructed L/E of muons – to demonstrate the dip, which would confirm the oscillation hypothesis. We further propose, for the first time, the identification of an “oscillation valley” in the reconstructed ($$E_\mu $$

E
μ

,$$\,\cos \theta _\mu $$

cos

θ
μ

) plane, feasible for detectors like ICAL having excellent muon energy and direction resolutions. We illustrate how this two-dimensional valley would offer a clear visual representation and test of the L/E dependence, the alignment of the valley quantifying the atmospheric mass-squared difference. Owing to the charge identification capability of the ICAL detector at INO, we always present our results using $$\mu ^{-}$$

μ
-

and $$\mu ^{+}$$

μ
+

events separately. Taking into account the statistical fluctuations and systematic errors, and varying oscillation parameters over their currently allowed ranges, we estimate the precision to which atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters would be determined with the 10-year simulated data at ICAL using our procedure.
Crowdfunding and Open Innovation Together: A Conceptual Framework of a Hybrid Crowd Innovation Model
Authors: Çubukcu Ahmet , Ulusoy Tuba , Boz Esra Yaşar
Published: February 2021

Crowdfunding and open innovation make great contributions to the entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem. In this study, we conduct exploratory research to put forward the mechanisms that are developed to benefit from crowds to carry out innovative projects in the context of open innovation and crowdfunding. Our main research problem is whether there is a digital platform that enables both knowledge/technology transfer and project collaboration of entrepreneurs and enterprises on project/idea development. We observe that a hybrid crowd innovation model is needed to create various collaboration and innovation opportunities between entrepreneurs, SMEs, start-ups and corporate enterprises. In this context, we put forth a conceptual framework to show that greater opportunities will emerge in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation if crowdfunding and open innovation hybridize. The main purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual framework within this scope and then to verify the framework by creating a model as a future study.
How to Organize Digital Innovation? The Role of Involvement, Structure, and Technology
Authors: Franziska Kaiser Lena , Wehking Charlotte , Brocke Jan vom
Published: February 2021

Innovation, especially digital innovation, is indispensable for organizations that want to remain competitive. Employees play a crucial role in developing innovations, but the use of digital technologies for innovation methods that foster employee-driven innovation has rarely been researched. Using a sample of 215 participants and two innovation methods (i.e. digital, non-digital), we show that employees value a digital innovation more if they are involved in the digital innovation, the involvement follows a structured process, and the digital innovation process uses digital technologies. These results have implications for both practice and the innovation and information systems literatures.
Evolution of a sand-rich submarine channel–lobe system, and the impact of mass-transport and transitional-flow deposits on reservoir heterogeneity: Magnus Field, Northern North Sea
Authors: Steventon Michael J. , Jackson Christopher A.-L. , Johnson Howard D. , Hodgson David M. , Kelly Sean , Omma Jenny , Gopon Christine , Stevenson Christopher , Fitch Peter
Published: February 2021

The geometry, distribution and rock properties (i.e. porosity and permeability) of turbidite reservoirs, and the processes associated with turbidity current deposition, are relatively well known. However, less attention has been given to the equivalent properties resulting from laminar sediment gravity-flow deposition, with most research limited to cogenetic turbidite debrites (i.e. transitional-flow deposits) or subsurface studies that focus predominantly on seismic-scale mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Thus, we have a limited understanding of the ability of subseismic MTDs to act as hydraulic seals, and their effect on hydrocarbon production and/or carbon storage. We investigate the gap between seismically resolvable and subseismic MTDs, and transitional-flow deposits on long-term reservoir performance in this analysis of a small (<10 km-radius submarine fan system), Late Jurassic, sandstone-rich stacked turbidite reservoir (Magnus Field, Northern North Sea). We use core, petrophysical logs, pore fluid pressure, quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN) and 3D seismic-reflection datasets to quantify the type and distribution of sedimentary facies and rock properties. Our analysis is supported by a relatively long (
c.
37 years) and well-documented production history. We recognize a range of sediment gravity deposits: (i) thick-/thin-bedded, structureless and structured turbidite sandstone, constituting the primary productive reservoir facies (
c.
porosity  =  22%, permeability  =  500 mD); (ii) a range of transitional-flow deposits; and (iii) heterogeneous mud-rich sandstones interpreted as debrites (
c.
porosity  ≤ 10%, volume of clay  =  35%, up to 18 m thick). Results from this study show that over the production timescale of the Magnus Field, debrites act as barriers, compartmentalizing the reservoir into two parts (upper and lower reservoir), and transitional-flow deposits act as baffles, impacting sweep efficiency during production. Prediction of the rock properties of laminar- and transitional-flow deposits, and their effect on reservoir distribution, has important implications for: (i) exploration play concepts, particularly in predicting the seal potential of MTDs; (ii) pore-pressure prediction within turbidite reservoirs; and (iii) the impact of transitional-flow deposits on reservoir quality and sweep efficiency.

Supplementary material:
of data and methods are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5313860
The
Halimedides
record in the Asturian Basin (northern Spain): supporting the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event relationship
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Javier , Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J. , Piñuela Laura , Martínez-Ruiz Francisca , García-Ramos José Carlos
Published: February 2021

Recent ichnological analysis conducted in two sections (Rodiles and Lastres) of the Asturian Basin revealed the presence of
Halimedides
Lorenz von Liburnau 1902, which occurs just above the black shales related to the end of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE).
Halimedides
is associated with recovery of the trace-maker community after the re-establishment of favourable, oxic, conditions. The appearance of
Halimedides
after the T-OAE event, previously not registered, supports the close relationship of the trace maker with oxygen conditions, as occurs in other anoxic events including the Cretaceous OAE-1a and OAE-2. Also, a relationship between morphometric and palaeoenvironmental parameters is observed: occurring larger and densely chambered specimens in darker, weakly oxygenated facies, while smaller and sparsely chambered forms are registered in lighter, better oxygenated sediments.
Two weeks of single-leg immobilization alters intramyocellular lipid storage characteristics in healthy, young women
Authors: Black Merryl N. , Wilkinson Jennifer A. , Webb Erin K. , Kamal Michael , Bahniwal Ravninder , McGlory Chris , Phillips Stuart M. , Devries Michaela C.
Published: February 2021

We report that the subcellular storage location of IMCL is altered by limb immobilization, highlighting the need to evaluate IMCL storage location when assessing the effects of disuse on IMCL content. We also found that AKT content increased during immobilization in our female population, contrary to studies in males finding that AKT decreases during disuse, highlighting that men and women may respond differently to disuse and the necessity to include women in all research.
Effects of 12 weeks of aerobic versus combined aerobic plus resistance exercise training on short-term blood pressure variability in patients with hypertension
Authors: Caminiti Giuseppe , Iellamo Ferdinando , Mancuso Annalisa , Cerrito Anna , Montano Matteo , Manzi Vincenzo , Volterrani Maurizio
Published: February 2021

Combined exercise training (CT) including aerobic plus resistance exercises could be more effective in comparison with aerobic exercise (AT) alone in reducing blood pressure variability (BPV) in hypertensive patients. We report that CT was indeed more effective than AT in reducing short-term BPV, and both exercise modalities reduced BP levels to the same extent. CT appears to be a more appropriate exercise modality if the objective is to reduce BPV in addition to BP levels.
Research on Deviation Detection of Belt Conveyor Based on Inspection Robot and Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Yi , Miao Changyun , Li Xianguo , Xu Guowei
Published: February 2021

The deviation of the conveyor belt is a common failure that affects the safe operation of the belt conveyor. In this paper, a deviation detection method of the belt conveyor based on inspection robot and deep learning is proposed to detect the deviation at its any position. Firstly, the inspection robot captures the image and the region of interest (ROI) containing the conveyor belt edge and the exposed idler is extracted by the optimized MobileNet SSD (OM‐SSD). Secondly, Hough line transform algorithm is used to detect the conveyor belt edge, and an elliptical arc detection algorithm based on template matching is proposed to detect the idler outer edge. Finally, a geometric correction algorithm based on homography transformation is proposed to correct the coordinates of the detected edge points, and the deviation degree (DD) of the conveyor belt is estimated based on the corrected coordinates. The experimental results show that the proposed method can detect the deviation of the conveyor belt continuously with an RMSE of 3.7 mm, an MAE of 4.4 mm, and an average time consumption of 135.5 ms. It improves the monitoring range, detection accuracy, reliability, robustness, and real‐time performance of the deviation detection of the belt conveyor.
Hyperinsulinemia Induced Altered Insulin Signaling Pathway in Muscle of High Fat- and Carbohydrate-Fed Rats: Effect of Exercise
Authors: Joseph Anu , Parvathy S. , Varma Koyikkal Karthikeya
Published: February 2021

Insulin resistance is a state of impaired responsiveness to insulin action. This condition not only results in deficient glucose uptake but increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, and obesity. The present work investigates the molecular mechanisms of high carbohydrate and fat diet in inducing prediabetic hyperinsulinemia and effect of exercise on InsR signaling events, muscular AChE, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the control (C) diet group, high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, and HCD and HFD groups with exercise (HCD Ex and HFD Ex, respectively). Acetyl choline esterase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, total lactate levels, IRS1 phosphorylations, and Glut4 expression patterns were studied in the muscle tissue among these groups. High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with reduced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and impaired phosphorylation of IRS1 along with increased lactate concentrations in the muscle. Exercise significantly upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter (GLUT) expressions and reducing the lactate accumulation. Also, the levels of second messengers like IP3 and cAMP were increased with exercise. Increased second messenger levels induce calcium release thereby activating the downstream pathway promoting the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Our results showed that the metabolic and signaling pathway dysregulations seen during diet-induced hyperinsulinemia, a metabolic condition seen during the early stages in the development of prediabetes, were improved with vigorous physical exercise. Thus, exercise can be considered as an excellent management approach over drug therapy for diabetes and its complications.
Iterative Solutions for Solving Variational Inequalities and Fixed-Point Problems
Authors: Zhu Li-Jun , Shahzad Naseer , Asiri Asim
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we are interested in variational inequalities and fixed-point problems in Hilbert spaces. We present an iterative algorithm for finding a solution of the studied variational inequalities and fixed-point problems. We show the strong convergence of the suggested algorithm.
Laparoscopic Management of Primary Omental Torsion
Authors: Mihețiu Alin , Sandu Alexandra , Bratu Dan , Mihețiu Cristina
Published: February 2021

Primary omental torsion is an unusual condition, known for its rarity and for the particularity of being intraoperatively diagnosed, in nearly all cases. At the clinical evaluation, this pathology commonly mimics other etiologies of acute abdomen. Hemoperitoneum and necrosis of the omentum are rarely associated with the omental torsion, but when the association is found, then it means that the vascular injuries are irreversible and the required surgical procedure may be far more complex than simple devolvulus. In search of the treatment of choice, laparoscopy proved its effectiveness as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, while the open surgery approach can be described in many cases as being too invasive. A 37-year-old female patient presented with the generic symptoms of acute appendicitis. Surgical treatment was initiated. During laparoscopy, the abdomen was attentively explored, highlighting the presence of a twisted omentum with hemoperitoneum and necrosis. Omental excision and peritoneal drainage were performed. The evolution was favorable. Another check-up was done at 6 months postoperatively, displaying no signs or symptoms of relapse.
Fabrication of SiO2/PEGDA Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal with Fluorescence Enhancement Effects
Authors: Dinh Van-Phuc , Nguyen Duy-Khoi , Nguyen Quang-Hung , Luu Thi-Thuy , Pham Thi Hai Yen , Vu Thi Thu Ha , Chuang Han-Sheng , Pham Hong-Phong
Published: February 2021

The present paper reports the fabrication of inverse opal photonic crystals (IOPCs) by using SiO2 spherical particles with a diameter of 300 nm as an opal photonic crystal template and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as an inverse opal material. Characteristics and fluorescence properties of the fabricated IOPCs were investigated by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), reflection spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The results clearly showed that the IOPCs were formed comprising of air spheres with a diameter of ∼270 nm. The decrease in size led to a decrease in the average refractive indexes from 1.40 to 1.12, and a remarkable stopband blue shift for the IOPCs was thus achieved. In addition, the obtained results also showed a fluorescence enhancement over 7.7-fold for the Fluor® 488 dye infiltrated onto the IOPCs sample in comparison with onto the control sample.
A New Password- and Position-Based Authenticated Key Exchange
Authors: Fan Jia , Qiao Lanfei , Cao Yunfei , Liu Shanglin , Zhang Wenke , Tang Lin
Published: February 2021

Password-based authenticated key exchange is a popular method for secure authentication and key exchange. With the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicles, position information has also become an important factor in authentication. In this paper, we present a new key exchange protocol, which firstly realizes dual authentication for both password and position, and we propose two applicable scenarios for the PPAKE mechanism: one is unmanned aerial vehicle authentication, and the other one is authentication in the military base. By adding position authentication, the reliability of authentication has improved, and the difficulty of adversarial attacks also increases. Any arbitrary adversary who can listen, tamper, and send messages can only perform an online attack for password guessing at a specified position. Finally, we provide security proofs under the defined model.
Application of Computational Intelligence Algorithms in Radio Propagation: A Systematic Review and Metadata Analysis
Authors: Adebowale Quadri Ramon , Faruk Nasir , Adewole Kayode S. , Abdulkarim Abubakar , Olawoyin Lukman A. , Oloyede Abdulkarim A. , Chiroma Haruna , Usman Aliyu D. , Calafate Carlos T.
Published: February 2021

The importance of wireless path loss prediction and interference minimization studies in various environments cannot be over-emphasized. In fact, numerous researchers have done massive work on scrutinizing the effectiveness of existing path loss models for channel modeling. The difficulties experienced by the researchers determining or having the detailed information about the propagating environment prompted for the use of computational intelligence (CI) methods in the prediction of path loss. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic literature review on the application of nature-inspired computational approaches in radio propagation analysis. In particular, we cover artificial neural networks (ANNs), fuzzy inference systems (FISs), swarm intelligence (SI), and other computational techniques. The main research trends and a general overview of the different research areas, open research issues, and future research directions are also presented in this paper. This review paper will serve as reference material for researchers in the field of channel modeling or radio propagation and in particular for research in path loss prediction.
Analytical Comparison of Two Emotion Classification Models Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jiang Huiping , Wu Demeng , Jiao Rui , Wang Zongnan
Published: February 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of neuronal activity in different areas of the brain through the use of electrodes. As EEG signal technology has matured over the years, it has been applied in various methods to EEG emotion recognition, most significantly including the use of convolutional neural network (CNN). However, these methods are still not ideal, and shortcomings have been found in the results of some models of EEG feature extraction and classification. In this study, two CNN models were selected for the extraction and classification of preprocessed data, namely, common spatial patterns‐ (CSP‐) CNN and wavelet transform‐ (WT‐) CNN. Using the CSP‐CNN, we first used the common space model to reduce dimensionality and then applied the CNN directly to extract and classify the features of the EEG; while, with the WT‐CNN model, we used the wavelet transform to extract EEG features, thereafter applying the CNN for classification. The EEG classification results of these two classification models were subsequently analyzed and compared, with the average classification accuracy of the CSP‐CNN model found to be 80.56%, and the average classification accuracy of the WT‐CNN model measured to 86.90%. Thus, the findings of this study show that the average classification accuracy of the WT‐CNN model was 6.34% higher than that of the CSP‐CNN.
An Integral Sliding Mode Control of Uncertain Chaotic Systems via Disturbance Observer
Authors: Zhang Hua
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes an integral sliding mode control (ISMC) method of a class of uncertain chaotic systems with saturation inputs. Firstly, fuzzy logic system (FLS) is used to estimate the unknown nonlinear function. Then, a disturbance observer is constructed to estimate a compound disturbance, which contains the external disturbance, the error of saturation input and control output, and the fuzzy estimation error. Subsequently, a proposed integral sliding mode controller can ensure that all signals of the closed‐loop system are ultimately bounded, and based on the dynamic system of the integral sliding mode variable itself, the ultimate bound of the tracking error can be estimated. Simulation results show that the proposed ISMC method is more effective than the traditional ISMC method.
Mobile Users’ Online Luxury Consumption in China: The Moderating Role of Face Consciousness
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhang Xin , Yu Peng
Published: February 2021

Attracting more consumers through mobile online platforms has become the most important thing for luxury brands. However, few studies have explored how cultural context, as exemplified by face consciousness and source credibility, influences the online luxury consumption and promotion of mobile users. To fill that research gap, this study constructed a research model of Chinese consumers to examine the effect of source credibility on the online luxury purchase and recommendation intentions of mobile consumers, and the moderating effects of face consciousness were examined. A structural equation model was also employed in our study. Furthermore, a field survey with 168 mobile online shopping customers was conducted to test the research model and hypotheses. The empirical results confirm the following: (1) the source credibility of online reviews had a positive effect on the online luxury purchase intentions of mobile customers but increased their intention to recommend the shopping site even more in a luxury environment; (2) face consciousness had a negative moderating effect between source credibility and the online luxury purchase intention of mobile consumers; and (3) face consciousness had a negative moderating effect between source credibility and the luxury recommendation intention of mobile consumers. The implications for theory and practice and suggestions for future research were also discussed.
Microperipheral Iridectomy for Troublesome Posterior Synechiolysis in Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Xiang Wu , Li Jing , Chen Wan , Lin Haotian , Chen Weirong
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To introduce an effective method for separating extensive posterior synechiae and those located under or adjacent to surgical incisions. Methods. Pediatric patients who had been subjected to cataract surgery and developed troublesome posterior synechiae requiring secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were recruited. All patients underwent microperipheral iridectomy at the 12 o’clock position. Then, an ophthalmic viscosurgical device was injected into the posterior chamber through the iris fistula to mechanically separate the posterior synechiae, using scissors to cut robust posterior synechiae if necessary. The results of posterior synechiolysis and the position of the implanted IOL were analyzed. Results. Sixteen patients (median age, 51.56 months; range, 28–80 months) were included. The scope of posterior synechia in clock was 4.42 (range, 1–10). All troublesome posterior synechiae were successfully separated using the microperipheral iridectomy method, and all patients underwent IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus. There was one case of peripheral iridectomy-related early intraoperative bleeding; no bleeding was observed at the end of surgery. Conclusions. Microperipheral iridectomy is a useful method for the management of troublesome posterior synechiae during secondary IOL implantation in pediatric patients, which makes secondary IOL implantation an easier and safer method in some challenging cases.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Involvement in Red Blood Cell Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gwozdzinski Krzysztof , Pieniazek Anna , Gwozdzinski Lukasz
Published: February 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released in cells are signaling molecules but can also modify signaling proteins. Red blood cells perform a major role in maintaining the balance of the redox in the blood. The main cytosolic protein of RBC is hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for 95‐97%. Most other proteins are involved in protecting the blood cell from oxidative stress. Hemoglobin is a major factor in initiating oxidative stress within the erythrocyte. RBCs can also be damaged by exogenous oxidants. Hb autoxidation leads to the generation of a superoxide radical, of which the catalyzed or spontaneous dismutation produces hydrogen peroxide. Both oxidants induce hemichrome formation, heme degradation, and release of free iron which is a catalyst for free radical reactions. To maintain the redox balance, appropriate antioxidants are present in the cytosol, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), as well as low molecular weight antioxidants: glutathione, ascorbic acid, lipoic acid, α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene, and others. Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress and may be associated with overproduction of ROS and/or insufficient capacity of the antioxidant system. Oxidative stress performs a key role in CKD as evidenced by the high level of markers associated with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in vivo. In addition to the overproduction of ROS, a reduced antioxidant capacity is observed, associated with a decrease in the activity of SOD, GPx, PRDX2, and low molecular weight antioxidants. In addition, hemodialysis is accompanied by oxidative stress in which low‐biocompatibility dialysis membranes activate phagocytic cells, especially neutrophils and monocytes, leading to a respiratory burst. This review shows the production of ROS under normal conditions and CKD and its impact on disease progression. Oxidative damage to red blood cells (RBCs) in CKD and their contribution to cardiovascular disease are also discussed.
Gut Dysbiosis and Abnormal Bile Acid Metabolism in Colitis-Associated Cancer
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Min , Dong Wenxiao , Liu Tianyu , Song Xueli , Gu Yu , Wang Sinan , Liu Yi , Abla Zaripa , Qiao Xiaoming , Liu Wentian , Jiang Kui , Wang Bangmao , Zhang Jie , Cao Hailong
Published: February 2021

Background. Patients with prolonged inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can develop into colorectal cancer (CRC), also called colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Studies have shown the association between gut dysbiosis, abnormal bile acid metabolism, and inflammation process. Here, we aimed to investigate these two factors in the CAC model. Methods. C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to two groups: azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) and control. The AOM/DSS group received AOM injection followed by DSS drinking water. Intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier, and bile acid receptors were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Fecal microbiome and bile acids were detected via 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. The AOM/DSS group exhibited severe mucosal barrier impairment, inflammatory response, and tumor formation. In the CAC model, the richness and biodiversity of gut microbiota were decreased, along with significant alteration of composition. The abundance of pathogens was increased, while the short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria were reduced. Interestingly, Clostridium XlV and Lactobacillus, which might be involved in the bile acid deconjugation, transformation, and desulfation, were significantly decreased. Accordingly, fecal bile acids were decreased, accompanied by reduced transformation of primary to secondary bile acids. Given bile acid receptors, the ileum farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR-FGF15) axis was downregulated, while Takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5) was overexpressed in colonic tumor tissues. Conclusion. Gut dysbiosis might alter the metabolism of bile acids and promote CAC, which would provide a potential preventive strategy of CAC by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
The Application of Laser Acupuncture in Animal Experiments: A Narrative Review of Biological Aspects
Authors: Yang Yan , Litscher Gerhard , Sun Zhongren , Sun Wen
Published: February 2021

Experimental studies on animals are conducted in almost all areas of medical research. The experiments offer insights into diseases and expand biomedical knowledge. Animal experiments are also imperative for studying acupuncture treatment mechanisms and the exploration of innovative acupuncture techniques. Laser acupuncture (LA), as a promising alternative to traditional manual acupuncture (MA), has the characteristics of painless and controllable stimulation. Today, society is more aware of animal welfare than previous generations. The use of noninvasive LA as a substitute for invasive MA in basic experimental research of acupuncture should be encouraged. Thus, we conducted an overview of animal experiments in the research field of LA from January 1978 to April 2020. After careful research, 52 studies were included in the work. Among these studies, both single-point and multipoint LA studies have been reported. To make noninvasive LA better in replacing invasive MA in experimental animal research of acupuncture, further experiments should focus on exploring uniform criteria for selecting laser parameters and revealing the extent to which the curative effect of LA depends on the property of acupuncture points rather than the characteristics of photobiomodulation.
A Hybrid Dynamic Probability Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization for Engineering Structure Design
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Ma Zhiteng
Published: February 2021

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a common metaheuristic algorithm. However, when dealing with practical engineering structure optimization problems, it is prone to premature convergence during the search process and falls into a local optimum. To strengthen its performance, combining several ideas of the differential evolution algorithm (DE), a dynamic probability mutation particle swarm optimization with chaotic inertia weight (CWDEPSO) is proposed. The main improvements are achieved by improving the parameters and algorithm mechanism in this paper. The former proposes a novel inverse tangent chaotic inertia weight and sine learning factors. Besides, the scaling factor and crossover probability are improved by random distributions, respectively. The latter introduces a monitoring mechanism. By monitoring the convergence of PSO, a developed mutation operator with a more reliable local search capability is adopted and increases population diversity to help PSO escape from the local optimum effectively. To evaluate the effectiveness of the CWDEPSO algorithm, 24 benchmark functions and two groups of engineering optimization experiments are used for numerical and engineering optimization, respectively. The results indicate CWDEPSO offers better convergence accuracy and speed compared with some well-known metaheuristic algorithms.
Rehabilitation Brace Based on the Internet of Things 3D Printing Technology in the Treatment and Repair of Joint Trauma
Authors: Zhang Dahua , Zhang Xiang
Published: February 2021

More and more people pay attention to the printing speed and quality of 3D printing tools. In order to understand whether the 3D printing rehabilitation brace can play a role in the treatment and repair of joint trauma, we used 3D printing technology to print the rehabilitation brace and compared with the traditional rehabilitation brace. The printed parts were analyzed in detail. The experimental results prove that the rehabilitation braces made by the two methods can play a role in the repair of joint trauma. However, 3D printed rehabilitation braces can better meet the needs of patients with detailed patient data in application. The braces are more suitable, and their production speed is about 35% faster than traditional methods. Through the survey of patients and doctors, it is found that the satisfaction of patients and doctors with printed braces is above 89%, while the satisfaction with traditionally made braces is only about 60%. This shows that the rehabilitation brace based on the Internet of Things 3D printing technology has a more significant role in the treatment and repair of joint trauma, and the effect is better.
Cognitive Improvement and Safety Assessment of a Dietary Supplement Containing Propolis Extract in Elderly Japanese: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind Human Clinical Study
Authors: Asama Takashi , Hiraoka Toshihito , Ohkuma Akio , Okumura Nobuaki , Yamaki Ayanori , Urakami Katsuya
Published: February 2021

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis on cognitive function in elderly Japanese with a placebo-controlled design. Material and Methods. This study was performed on 79 elderly Japanese. Participants orally received either a placebo or dietary supplement containing propolis extract for 24 weeks. Cognitive function assessed by Cognitrax and various blood or urine markers were measured at pre- and postadministration. Results and Conclusion. Eligible data from 68 subjects (placebo: 33, propolis: 35) who completed the study were analyzed. Compared to the placebo group, the propolis group showed significant improvement in verbal memory in Cognitrax (

P
=
0.028

). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid were significantly improved in the propolis group compared to the placebo group (

P
=
0.011

,

P
=
0.004

,

P
=
0.048

,

P
=
0.045

, and

P
=
0.005

, respectively). However, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid fluctuated within the normal level. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis was performed on those with higher than 100 of the standardized score of the neurocognitive index indicated by the overall Cognitrax score. Significant improvements in the propolis group compared to placebo were confirmed in verbal memory (

P
=
0.007

) and processing speed as indications for information processing ability, complex attention, and concentration (

P
=
0.029

). No side effects were observed in any of the groups. This study demonstrates that propolis is effective in improving cognitive functions such as memory, information processing, complex attention, and concentration in elderly Japanese.
Structural Construction of Binders Based on Orthophosphoric Acid and Refractory Materials
Authors: Liutyi R. , Liuta D. , Petryk I.
Published: February 2021

The formation of phosphate binders in systems based on orthophosphoric acid and the most common refractory fillers in foundry technology (quartz dust, zircon ZrSiO4, and kyanite‐sillimanite Al2SiO5) has not been previously studied. The phase composition of these inorganic binders was studied, and the formation of silicon SiP2O7 and zirconium ZrP2O7 pyrophosphates was confirmed. The study by differential thermogravimetric analysis in the temperature range of 20–1000°С established the fact that the formed binders are thermally stable and do not emit harmful gaseous substances. The obtained results of the studied binders make it possible to develop new environment‐friendly core mixtures of thermal hardening.
Relationship of Stress Test Findings to Anatomic or Functional Extent of Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography‐Derived Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Doukas Demetrios , Allen Sorcha , Wozniak Amy , Kunchakarra Siri , Verma Rina , Marot Jessica , Lopez John J. , Nieman Koen , Pontone Gianluca , Leipsic Jonathon , Bax Jeroen , Rabbat Mark G.
Published: February 2021

Background. In the United States, functional stress testing is the primary imaging modality for patients with stable symptoms suspected to represent coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is excellent at identifying anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD). The application of computational fluid dynamics to coronary CTA allows fractional flow reserve (FFR) to be calculated noninvasively (FFRCT). The relationship of noninvasive stress testing to coronary CTA and FFRCT in real‐world clinical practice has not been studied. Methods. We evaluated 206 consecutive patients at Loyola University Chicago with suspected CAD who underwent noninvasive stress testing followed by coronary CTA and FFRCT when indicated. Patients were categorized by stress test results (positive, negative, indeterminate, and equivocal). Duke treadmill score (DTS), METS, exercise duration, and chest pain with exercise were analyzed. Lesions ≥ 50%stenosis were considered positive by coronary CTA. FFRCT < 0.80 was considered diagnostic of ischemia. Results. Two hundred and six patients had paired noninvasive stress test and coronary CTA/FFRCT results. The median time from stress test to coronary CTA was 49 days. Average patient age was 60.3 years, and 42% were male. Of the 206 stress tests, 75% were exercise (70% echocardiographic, 26% nuclear, and 4% EKG). There were no associations of stress test results with CAD > 50% or FFRCT < 0.80 (p = 0.927 and p = 0.910, respectively). Of those with a positive stress test, only 30% (3/10) had CAD > 50% and only 50% (5/10) had FFRCT < 0.80. Chest pain with exercise did not correlate with CAD > 50% or FFRCT < 0.80 (p = 0.66 and p = 0.12, respectively). There were no significant correlations between METS, DTS, or exercise duration and FFRCT (r = 0.093, p = 0.274; r = 0.012, p = 0.883; and r = 0.034, p = 0.680; respectively). Conclusion. Noninvasive stress testing, functional capacity, chest pain with exercise, and DTS are not associated with anatomic or functional CAD using a diagnostic strategy of coronary CTA and FFRCT.
Energy Management Strategies for Smart Green MicroGrid Systems:  A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Essayeh Chaimaa , Raiss El-Fenni Mohammed , Dahmouni Hamza , Ahajjam Mohamed Aymane
Published: February 2021

Having neither precise definition nor a commonly accepted scope, the term “MicroGrid” tends to be used differently across researchers and practitioners alike. The management of energy usage within a microgrid is one of the topics that was handled from numerous perspectives. This study presents systematic literature review (SLR) of research on architectures and energy management techniques for microgrids, providing an aggregated up-to-date catalogue of solutions suggested by the scientific community. The SLR incorporated 45 papers selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and defined a priori. The selection process was based on an automated search and covered three known digital libraries. The extraction process covers three main questions. (i) The architectures of microgrids including their components, their bus configuration, and the adopted utility grid policy. (ii) The employed methods to ensure an optimal usage of energy under uncertainty. (iii) The confronted challenges and constraints of the suggested strategies. The findings of this SLR indicate a great diversity of methods and a rich background. Finally, the SLR suggests that future research should take into account the uncertainty aspect relating to energy management rather than the direct use of historical data as it is commonly done in most research papers. A sensitivity analysis should be provided in the latter case.