bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbor-Vitae,

A

.

Thuiella

Control, Illinois, 1978
Authors: Appleby J. E. , Harry J.
Published: March 2022

A row of arborvitae trees ca. 20 ft in height, planted ca. 8 ft apart and consisting of 25 trees was selected in DuPage County, I llinois at the Morton Arboretum because of the high incidence of arborvitae leaf-miner damage. On August 16, 1978, 15 trees which were moderately infested with leafminers were selected. One lower branch of ca. 2 ft in length was selected for treatment on each tree and marked with a metal tag. Each treatment was applied onto 5 marked branches of different trees using a 1-gallon pressurized backpack sprayer. The spray was applied until runoff. On September 11, 1978 the marked branches were pruned from the trees. The mines on each branch were examined and the number of dead and live larvae counted. Acephate treatments at 1 and 2 lb active ingredient were applied for phytotoxicity tests.
Greenhouse Ornamentals, Two-Spotted Spider Mite Control, California, 1978
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. , Morishita Frank S.
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 9 experimental and 2 standard acaracides for control of two-spotted spider mites. Plants were maintained in 6-inch pots on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment consisted of 1 plant and was replicated 4 times on red ti and 5 times on neanthe bella palm. Plants were sprayed to the point of runoff utilizing a hand sprayer at 60 psi and a 5002 nozzle on May 15’78. Mite counts were made before application on May 11’78 and at 7-day intervals following application by counting the number of mites (adult and immature) on 1 leaf per plant on red ti and 3 leaflets per plant on neanthe bella palm.
Pyracantha, Spirea Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Manuel Kenneth L. , Williams Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Heavy infestations of spirea aphid on ornamental plantings of pyracanrha 4-5 ft high located along campus sidewalks were selected for treatment. The aphid population, predominantly on new growth terminals, consisted of stem mothers, nymphs, and some winged adults. A pretreatment count of 444 aphids on a single 2 inch terminal was made on October 5. Each of 11 different treatments was applied to a single plant bearing at least 3 heavily infested terminals which were used as treatment replicates. A single foliar application of the test materials was made on October II. Each test plant was sprayed to runoff with compressed air sprayers. Counts were taken of live aphids on apical 2 inch of tagged terminals 1,2,5,7, and 14 days after treatment. Check counts were made on three terminals of the control plant at each of the 5 rating periods.
Scotch Pine, Zimmerman Pine Moth Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides were evaluated against the Zimmerman pine moth between April 26 and August 14, 1978. The pine planting was located at the Purdue University Agronomy Farm north of West Lafayette, Indiana. A plot was single pine tree 8-10 ft tall. Every other tree was utilized in order to avoid spray drift. All of the treatments were of the foliar type applied with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. A randomized block design with 5 replications was used.
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius Larvae, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Newton Perry
Published: March 2022

Insecticide treatments were applied to a golf course fairway with an approximate blend of 60% annual bluegrass and 30% Kentucky bluegrasses. Larval damage was considered to be moderate in the annual and only light in the Kentucky bluegrasses. The turf had a 1/2 inch layer of thatch and the precounts taken on Aug 5’77 averaged 25.7 first, second and third instar larvae per sq ft. Treatment plots were 10 x 10 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Soil was a sandy loam with less than 2% OM. Granular treatments of bendiocarb 5G and Dasanit 15G were applied by hand shaker can. The remaining granules were applied by a drop type spreader. The sprayable treatments were applied in one gallon of water distributed in two directions with a hand sprinkling can. All treatments were flushed into the thatch with a 20 minute irrigation (equ. to 0.5 inch of water). Post counts were made on Aug 22’77 by removing three random 48 inch squares 3 inch deep from each plot and recording the number of larvae.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine Use, 1978
Authors: Fons James , Morgan Neal C.
Published: March 2022

Colony reared species were caged and exposed to pesticidal formulations in transport trailers (ca 71 m3 volume) in Miami, Florida. Tobacco budworm adults were caged in 1 -gal paper tubs, adult boll weevils in 1/2 pint paper cans, adult house flies and mosquitoes, and adult and nymphal cockroaches in plastic “squat” cups, and adult ticks in 1 oz plastic cups. All containers were covered with 6x7 mesh/cm nylon screen. Dusts were formulated with HiSil 233 as the carrier and introduced into trailers by propelling with CO2 through an open rear door. EC’s were diluted with the amount of water necessary to give a treatment time of 1 min and introduced from an open rear door also. Two types of applicators were used for the EC’s, a Micro-Gen/Bolt Model E10 110 VAC powered unit from Micro-Gen Equipment Corp., 8127 Vidor Drive, San Antonio, TX 78216, and a spinning disk, battery-powered unit from Micron West, Inc., 8582 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX 77024, Aerosols were released from within closed trailers, either from the center of the trailer in the case of the total release aerosol or by an individual walking the length of the trailer and spraying for the required length of time to obtain desired dosage. The exposure period was 10 min with doors closed and 20 min with doors open. Mortality counts were made at 24 hr. Average temperature at treatment was 23°C. Tests were replicated at least twice, and Abbott’s formula was used to adjust for control mortality when necessary.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Western Drywood Termite Control, 1978
Authors: Scheffrahn R. H. , Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticides were tested for effectiveness against field populations of Incisitermesminor collected from native woods and maintained in the laboratory. Whatman No. 1 filter paper, cut into discs (72 cm2) and set into 9.7 cm I.D. uncovered petri dish tops, were treated with insecticide. Dusts were applied by volume (I cc/dish) and liquids were deposited with a pipette with 3 ml excess of dilutant to insure uniform distribution of toxicant. Liquids were allowed to dry 24 hours or age 30 days before being tested. Each bioassay replicate consisted of five late-instar nymphs or alates confined to the treated surface under an inverted 3.2 cm I.D. stendor dish. Continuous exposure was conducted for about 4 weeks in darkness at ca. 22°C and 30-50% R.H. In pilot tests using a single replicate, liquids were screened for activity by using 10-fold serial dilutions applied in a range from 1.0 mg to 10-6 mg ai/cm2. Dilutions producing complete mortality within a few days or showing no mortality within several weeks were omitted from the final bioassay. The final test, shown in the table, was conducted using three replicates for each of the lowest concentrations demonstrating effectiveness and for each dust deposit. Mortality counts were taken several times a week and presence of feeding on the paper was noted at 14 days.
Cattle, Control of Diptera in Beef Cattle Manure with Free-Choice RabonR Oral Larvicide, 1978
Authors: Hall Robert D. , Foehse Mark
Published: March 2022

RabonR (stirofos) oral larvicide (1% AI) in a complete loose-mineral supplement was provided free-choice to cattle in 2 locations in Missouri. In Linn Co., 49 heifers weighing ca. 400 kg each were pastured in a large field 1 km distant from other cattle. In Boone Co., a corresponding group of 75 heifers and 60 calves weighing ca. 455 kg and 68 kg each, respectively, were pastured in a field adjacent to untreated cattle. Assessment of treatment efficacy was made immediately prior to the start of larvicide feeding and thereafter at weekly intervals. Adult face flies were counted weekly using 10 animals selected at random from each test herd. Similar counts were made on animals from nearby un-treated herds. Several manure pats ca. 3 days old from each treated and control herd were assessed weekly by taking core samples with empty 2-lb. coffee cans. These samples were subsequently placed on wire screen in 40-watt Tullgren funnels for larval extraction.
Citrus, Sugarcane Rootstalk Borer Weevil,

Diaprepes

Abbreviatus

(L.)
Authors: Beavers J. B. , Jaffe H.
Published: March 2022

Insect Growth Regulator, 1977: A slow release formulation of diflubenzuron was prepared by encapsulating this compound in ethyl cellulose by phase separation techniques from cyclohexane. The formulation, a fine, white powder containing 80% active ingredient (Al), was incorporated into potting soil (1:1 peat-sand) at rates of 0.2 and 0.4 g Al/cu ft. Citrus seedlings (0.5 m tall) were planted in the treated soil in 15 cm diam pots (25 pots/rate). Neonate larvae of D.abbreviatus (100/pot) were placed on the soil surface of the pots (November 1976). When the seedlings were examined (January 1977), larvae were recovered in each treatment.
Apple, Acaricide Test, 1978
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Los Lorraine
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on 14-yr-old apple trees, cultivars Red Delicious, Sungold, and Stayman. Single-tree plots, 1 of each variety, arranged in randomized block design, were sprayed to runoff using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand gun. All treatments were applied at a rate of 8 to 10 gal/tree and 400 psi. Miticides were applied on Jul 19 (Table 1) or Aug 8 (Table 2). Those trees used in the latter tests were treated every 2 wk throughout the season w ith Pydrin 2.4 lb/gal, 0.05 lb ai/100 gal; as a result, no predators were present. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves/replicate, pooling the leaves for each replicate, then brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting all stages. Egg counts of the European red mite and the apple rust mite are not included in the tables. Pretreatment counts (not listed) were found not to be statisticallydifferent. The data were transformed to logarithms before analysis of variance and comparisons of means.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1978
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a seasonal control program conducted in a 14-yr-old planting on the EM 2 rootstock. Eight-tree plots containing from 5 to 7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied dilute to runoff using 4.2 (May and June) to 5.2 (July and August) gal spray/tree (403-499 gal/acre) with high pressure hand gun sprayer at 400 psi. Treatments were applied at petal fall (May 26) and 5 cover sprays (Jun 10, 23, Jul 7, 24, and Aug 9) except HOE 25682, which was omitted from the Aug 9 spray. Additional sprays applied over the entire block by air-blast application (3X, 133 gal/acre) include: Difolatan 4F 5 gal/acre (Apr 24) and Cyprex 65W 2 lb/acre (Jun 6). Cool temperatures during April and May resulted in later than normal bloom and consequent late harvest. Rainfall was above normal in May with most of the rain received during bloom period. Very little rainfall was recorded the 3 wk following bloom, providing ideal conditions for evaluation of fruit finish related to insecticide treatments. Insect pressure was below normal for most species evaluated.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1978
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Experimental acaricides were compared to Vendex in a completely randomized experiment on 20-yr-old grapefruit trees (30 ft x 25 ft spacing). Each treatment was replicated on three single-tree plots by hand gun of a John Bean Model 1010-MTBT sprayer at 225 psi, ca. 15 gal/tree. Treatments were applied on Jul 10, with citrus rust mite counts made at 30-day intervals posttreatment. Eighteen fruit were selected at random in each tree, and citrus rust mites were counted on the top, median, and bottom of each fruit using a 10X handlens with a 1-cm2 grid.
Cabbage Foliar Protective Insecticide Spray Study, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, on Wisconsin Golden Acres 84 white cabbage in a field replanted in cabbage for the third year. The crop was direct seeded on Jun 1 ’77 using two rows per plot with three replications and 24-inch row spacing in a randomized block design. Dacthal 75W was used preemergence at 12 lbs/acre and 200 lbs 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in. Bravo 6F, fungicide, at 1 qt/A was applied with Cub tractor boom sprayer weekly for disease maintenance. Insecticide sprays were applied as broadcast foliar sprays using CO2 bottle sprayer and a 5’ swath passes/plot at 30 GPA and 30 psi. Weekly sprays started Jul 28’77 and continued Aug 5, 12, 26, Sep 2 and 14. At harvest, Sep 30’77, 10 mature cabbage heads/plot were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage. At this time, damage to head leaves indicated a high proportion of looper injury as well as imported cabbageworm. Foliage feeding index on head leaves injury ranged from 0 to 5 and has classified as follows: 0) no feed holes; 1) slight chewing, only a few feeding holes; 2) less than 10% chewing on leaves: 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves: 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% of leaves severely injured.
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications to Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This test conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, investigated the performance of systemic and controlled release formulations of insecticides on cabbage insect control and yields. A randomized block design of 3 replications was used with 24-inch row spacing (21,780 linear feet of row per acre) in a plot 5’ x 30’. Dacthal 75W herbicide was used at 12 lbs/acre as a preemergence application. Fertilization consisted of 200 lbs of 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in this field of cabbage in second year of production. Bravo 6F fungicide at 1 qt/A was applied with a cub tractor boom mounted sprayer in weekly maintenance sprays for disease control. White cabbage, variety Wisconsin Golden Acre, was transplanted on May 25’77 and granular insecticides applied on Jul 15’77. A hand held shaker can was used to deliver, premeasured granular insecticide amounts per plot over the tops of plants directing granular materials into tops of head leaves. At this time, the cabbage was approximately 12 inches high with the first several head leaves forming. At harvest on Aug 30’77, 10 mature cabbage heads were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage per plot. Outer wrapper leaves were removed before damage ratings were made. Foliar feeding injury index rating on heads were as follows: 1) only slight or a trace of chewing; 2) less than 10% of chewing on leaves; 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves: 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% of leaves severely injured.
Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth Larvae on Summer Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E.
Published: March 2022

‘Golden Acre’ cabbage was planted in 5- by 20-ft 2-row beds with 22-inch interrow and 24-inch interplant spacing on Mar 28’78, at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates (beds). Each treatment was applied 4 times, on Jun 30, Jul 7, 14, and 21 by using a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD 420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. An air pressure of 60 psi applied 40 gpa through D2-13 “TeeJet” nozzles mounted 11 inches apart on the boom. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing and examining the leaves and heads of 8 market-ready plants taken at random from each of the beds 3 days after the final treatment.
Aphid and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage with Soil Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Wellik M. J. , Slosser J. E.
Published: March 2022

Temik 15G was applied using a Noble applied using a Noble applicator while UC 21865 was applied in 6-in bands with a pressurized hand-drawn sprayer equipped with cone nozzles (10X) which delivered 8.5 gal/acre. Applications were made Mar 9 at the TAMU Vegetable Research Station, Munday, Texas, and the insecticides were immediately incorporated using a rolling cultivator. The cabbage, Superette Y. R. variety, plots were planted in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Plots were field-seeded at 72 seeds/row ft and consisted of six, 30-ft rows on 40-inch centers (three rows on each side of one row of overwintered cabbage). Soil type was Miles fine sandy Loam that was surface dry at planting. Endosulfan 75W was sprayed on Mar 29 at 2.0 lb ai/acre, in 14.0 gal water/acre, to control a severe infestation of flea beetles, Epitrix spp. A poor stand necessitated transplanting from a fourth replication to the 6 rows of the other plots to obtain a stand density of 1 plant/row ft on Apr 20. Ten plants/plot were inspected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot on each sampling date. A laboratory bioassay was initiated on Apr 28. Five field leaves/plot were taken to the laboratory, held in water-filled vials, and infested with green peach aphids collected from kohlrabi. Percent control calculations were done according to the method of C. F. Henderson and E. W. Tilton, 1955, J. Econ. Entomol., 48:157-61. Efficacy counts for aphid and cabbage looper control are shown in the table. Yield samples (0.001 acre) were taken June 28. Field count data were analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 0.05 probability level.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1978
Authors: All J. N.
Published: March 2022

Funks G80 planted Mar 30, 1978, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was applying sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2-row plots x 20 ft long x 38-inch row width x 2 ft alleys; 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. The sprays were applied on Jun 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. All ears in the center 18 ft of row were examined on Jun 23 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Sweetcorn, Control of Mixed Infestation of Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm, 1978
Authors: All J. N.
Published: March 2022

Funks G80 planted Jun 28 ’78, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20-ft long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys; 5 replicates. The sprays were applied on Aug 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24. Two treatments, Z 3210 and Z 3209, were applied on a 4 day schedule on Aug 10, 14, 18, and 22. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Aug 28 for the presence of corn earworm or fall armyworm larvae and damage.
Chemical Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Skelton T. E.
Published: March 2022

Calumet seed were planted on Jul 25’77 following normal site preparation and fertilization. Rows were 42” apart. Single row 40’ plots were used with 4 replicates for each treatment. Experimental sprays were applied with a 2 gal hand sprayer, directed onto the silk, on alternate days from silking until harvest. Spray dates were Sep 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 28. A total of 20 ears per replicate (80 per treatment) were harvested and evaluated for damage on Sep 29. An ear was rated damaged if any corn earworm damage was observed. Pest population was severe as indicated by damage to untreated ears.
Pea Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Flood Brian R.
Published: March 2022

Plots were planted May 27, 1978, so that expected pest moth flights would coincide with pea bloom. A randomized complete block design of four blocks contained 10 treatments each 10 ft x 50 ft. The treatments were applied after full bloom on Jul 10, with a modified Hagie Hiboy with 8002 Tee Jet operated at 50 psi for a finished spray of 20 gpa. Eight days after this treatment an evaluation of aphids, cutworms, and loopers was made in five separate 1-sq ft samples per replicate. Each sample was assessed for the total number of aphids and larvae; the larvae were classified as early instar (1/8 - 1/2"), mid-instar (1/2 - 3/4"), or late instar larvae (3/4"+).
European Corn Borer Control on Peppers, 1978
Authors: Libby John L.
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set out on May 30 at the University of Wisconsin Experimental Farm, Hancock, Wl. Plots consisted of 10 plants per row at 18-inches in the row, 4 rows per plot, and 4 replicates per treatment. Row spacing was 36-inches. The 2 center rows of each plot were sprayed using a tractor mounted Myers Sprayer with a 6-foot boom delivering 33 gallons spray/acre. Sprays were applied on Jul 21, 28, Aug 4, and 11. ECB egg masses (approximately 50 eggs each) were obtained from the USDA-ARS Corn Insects Investigations Lab., Ankeny, Iowa, and one egg mass was pinned on each plant on Jul 26. Yields were taken from uninfested plants and adjusted for ECB damage.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Foliar Insecticidal Sprays, 1978
Authors: Cancelado Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 24, at Rosemount, Mn. Treatments were applied to 2-row plots, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. All plots were sprayed weekly from Jun 27 with azinophosmethyl at 0.5 lb ai/acre to reduce natural enemies of green peach aphid. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jun 27. Insecticides were applied in 100 gal water/acre with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles/row at ca. 300 psi. Green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves taken from the 2 center rows of each plot. The dates of application were Aug 24 and Sep 15. On Sep 15, GCP 6361 2E at 0.25 lb ai/acre and GCP 9646 4E at 0.25 lb ai/acre, were substituted for treatments of Ambush 2E at 0.05 and 0.1 lb ai/acre respectively.
Apple, Apple Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 8-yr-old apple trees on July 12 at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at a rate of ca. 200 gal/acre. The fungicide cover program during the course of this experiment consisted of Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) which was sprayed on the trees on July 21. There were no tank-mixtures of insecticides with Pol yram. There were 2 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 2 Red Delicious cultivars per treatment. Prior to treatment, 10 succulent terminal vegetative shoots (5 with high aphid counts and 5 with low counts) were tagged around the periphery of each tree at a height of 3 to 6 ft. Evaluation was based on a count of all live aphids found on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem including by these leaves on each tagged terminal shoot. Aphid population pressure was not severe.
Apple, Early Mite Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 13-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at 550 gal/acre. Spray dates were May 31 (petal fall), June 7 (first cover), and 14 (second cover); each acaricide was applied on all 3 dates because of excessive rainfall in early June. The standard pesticide program during the course of this test consisted of Polyram 80W (2 lb/100 gal) and Marlate 50W (3 lb/100 gal) on June 1; captan 80W (1.25 lb /100 gal) on 7 dates; Epsom salts (15 lb/100 gal) and Marlate 50W (3 lb/100 gal) on June 7 and 20; Solubor (1 lb/100 gal) on June 7; Amid-Thin 8.4W (35 ppm) on June 16; Imidan 50W 1.25 lb/100 gal) on July 5, 17, and August 2; and Thiodan 50W (.5 lb/100 gal) on July 11 and 17. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 4 Red Delicious cultivars per treatment. From each tree, 25 leaves were collected mostly at chestheight around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and the mites brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was severe in August. There were frequent, heavy rains in early June; July and August were hot and dry.
Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides for Potato Leafhopper Control and Yield of Potatoes, 1978
Authors: Libby John L. , Longridge J. L.
Published: March 2022

Two-row, 50-foot plots with rows 36-inches apart were planted with “B-size” certified seed of the ‘Superior’ cultivar at the University of Wisconsin Research Farm, Arlington, Wisconsin, on May 10. Treatments consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied as granules mixed with the fertilizer and banded in-furrow through a Lockwood 2-row potato planter at planting. Temik 15G at 3.0 lbs ai/acae was applied with an electric gandy and the DiSyston layby treatment was applied on Jun 25 and hilled in. The soil type was Piano silt loam (sand 12%, silt 70% and clay 18%) with a pH 6.0. Yields were taken Sep 1. The total rainfall between planting and vine killing on Aug 28 was 20.02 inches. Insect counts were taken with a 15-inch diameter sweep net.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cancelado Rafael E.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted May 23, at Rosemount, MN. Plots were 4 rows, 45-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The soil was a Waukegan silt loam with medium organic matter. The systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at plant-ing. No insecticidal sprays were applied. Chlorothalonil fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from Jun 27. Nymphs of potato leafhopper and apterae of green peach aphid and potato aphid were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made at 2-week intervals starting Jul 19.
Irish Potato, Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1978
Authors: Reed D. K. , Reed G. L.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ Irish potatoes were planted on Apr 21 ‘78 in 3-row plots in sandy soil. Plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Although aldicarb 15G was included in the test, insufficient rainfall was received so it was not effective. Insecticides were applied with a backpack 2-gallon sprayer operated at about 35 psi to obtain thorough coverage on May 25, Jun 14 and Jun 22. Counts were taken weekly of beetles on 5 plants from the center rows of the treatment plots. Damage was rated by assigning designated numerals from 0-6 with 0 indicating no damage. The experiment was designed for orthogonal comparison of insect counts and damage ratings.
Potato Insect Control by Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticides, Freeville, New York, 1978
Authors: Tingey Ward M. , Carey K. R.
Published: March 2022

‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted May 31 ‘78, in Phelps gravelly silt loam soil at a spacing of 9-12 inches within the row. Individual plots were 1-row wide, 40-ft long, with 36-inch-row spacing, separated by 2 skip rows. A randomized complete block of 4 replications was used. Fertilization was by 1000 lbs/A of 15-15-15 NPK in 2 in-row side bands at planting. Granular EPTC was applied at 6.0 lb ai/A on Jul 11 ‘78. Chlorothalonil at 1.1 lbs ai/A was used at weekly intervals for control of late blight. Plots were not irrigated. All insecticide treatments were applied on May 31 ‘78 in a 4 inch band in the seed furrow using a Craftsman cone-seeder. Sampling of aphids was by the leaf-sample method; 1 fully-expanded compound leaf was taken from the upper 1/2 and lower 1/2 of each of 10 randomly selected plants/plot. Sampling of other pests was by the D-vac vacuum method; samples were taken from 10 randomly selected sites/plot, with 3 bounces/site. Raw data were transformed [log 10 (x + O.l)] as necessary prior to statistical analysis.
Insect Control on Tomatoes, 1980
Authors: Walker G. P. , Simonet D. E.
Published: March 2022

Tomatoes were direct seeded on May 8, 1980 at the Vegetable Research Branch, OARDC, Fremont, Ohio. Seed clumps were planted at 11 inch spacing in single 30 ft rows on 60 inch centers with untreated border rows on either side of each treatment. Herbicide (Enide) burn resulted in a poor stand and replications in several treatments had to be dropped. Otherwise, treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soil type was loam, pH = 6.5, organic matter = 4.0%. Half the rate of the granular insecticide, Temik 15G, was applied as a side dressing on Jun 24; the other half was applied similarly on Jul 1. Foliar sprays were applied on Jul 15, Jul 29, Aug 12 and Aug 26, using a CO2 pressurized hand sprayer delivering 50 gal per acre at 40 psi. The compounds were intended to be evaluated for control of the whole insect complex affect-ing tomatoes, however, only the potato aphid, M. euphorbiae, was present in significant numbers. Counts of aphids, parasitized aphids (mummies), and other natural enemies of aphids (ladybeetles, lacewings and syrphids) were taken weekly. Three leaves (upper, middle and lower) for each of 5 plants per treatment per replication were examined for these insects on each sample date. Plots were harvested on Sep 29, 1980.
Apple, Ovicidal Effects of Methomyl (Lannate-L) on Beneficial Insects, 1980
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L. , McCaffrey J. P. , Ponton L. F.
Published: March 2022

To assess the effects of Lannate-L on the eggs of beneficial insects seven treatments and a water control were used in each of 6 experiments. The treatment rates (litre (ounces) of Lannate-L/378.5 litre (100 gallons) water) were: (I) 0.95 litre (32 ounces); (2) 0.83 litre (28 ounces); (3) 0.71 litre (24 ounces); (4) 0.59 litre (20 ounces); (5) 0.47 litre (16 ounces); (6) 0.35 litre (12 ounces); (7) 0.24 litre (8 ounces); (8) water control.
Mirid Control with In-Furrow and Spray Applied Insecticides and the Ecological Impact on Natural Enemies, Dallas,Tx,1979
Authors: Langston W. C. , Schuster M.F.
Published: March 2022

All plants were planted May 15-18fh on 40 in beds. Three cultivars were used, GP 3774 in the spray test, Lankart 57 in the in-furrow test and Cascot B-2 in the two-rate Orthene test. All plots were replicated 4 times with 4-row plots in the in-furrow and 8-row plots in the spray test. The insecticide sprays were applied with a hi-boy sprayer at the rate of 10 gal/acre. In-furrow insecticides were applied with disc openers and John Deere insecticide boxes.
Thrips Control on Seedling Cotton, 1980
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Stoneville 213 variety cotton was planted May 15 at the Ames Plantation, Grand Junction, TN. Soil type was Memphis silt loam with good soil moisture. Two-row plots 40 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All seed planted was commercially treated with two fungicides. Seed treatments were prepared in the laboratory by adding insecticides to the double treated seed. Hopper box treatments were made in the field by adding Orthene 75S to double or triple-treated seed. Foliar sprays were applied Jun 5 at 4.4 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 psi) with a hand-held CO2-pressurized B & G spray system. Post-treatment counts were made by pulling 2 seedling plants from each row and placing these 4 plants in a pt jar. The jars were returned to the laboratory where the plants were beaten over a large funnel. Thrips were collected under the funnel in 70% alcohol. The two-row plots were machine harvested Oct 3 and 17. Stand and thrips counts and yield data were analyzed by ANOVA and means separated by Duncan’s new multiple range test.
Topical Toxicity of Insecticides to Lygus Bugs
Authors: Leigh Thomas F. , Wynholds Paul F.
Published: March 2022

Adult lygus bugs collected from alfalfa in the Shaffer, CA, area were used to develop dose-mortality information for insecticides used on cotton since alfalfa is the source of a majority of these bugs invading cotton crops in the area of study. An aliphatic organophosphate, Orthene, and the synthetic pyrethroids Pounce, its cis-rich and trans-rich forms, two mixtures (4 OC:60 t and 40 t:60C), Mavrik, and NRDC-149 were applied in acetone solution with standard topical application equipment to 4 replicates each of both male and female bugs. Bugs were anesthesized with CO2 and desired dilutions applied to the coxal area. Mortality was read at 24 hr and corrected by Abbot’s formula.
Residual Control of Boll Weevil 1980
Authors: Worley Glenn B. , Hunkapiller Paul
Published: March 2022

On Aug 26 a caged boll weevil test was initiated near Selma, AL to determine the residual effectiveness of several insecticides. Plots were 2 rows wide (38 inches) by 102 ft long. Insecticide applications were made with a CO2-powered hand sprayer equipped with 2x-4 hollow-cone spray tips per row delivering 11 gpa at 40 psi. Weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at State College, MS and held on cotton squares at room temperature prior to the test. Cotton-dacron cages were placed around cotton plants and tied securely to the base of the stalk. Twenty-five weevils were placed in each of 2 cages per plot and the tops tied securely. Weevils were released into the cages immediately after spraying and mortality recorded 48 hr later; weevils were again released 24 hr after spraying and mortality recorded 48 hr later.
Malathion for Control of Black Grass Bug, 1978
Authors: Foster R. N. , Staten R.T. , Miller E. , Henderson J.A. , Thornley J.B. , Sato C.K. , Huddleston E.W. , Bullard R.G.
Published: March 2022

Malathion ULV concentrate was applied at 8, 6 and 3 fluid oz of technical material (91%)/acre to 40 acre plots replicated 4 times, and 2 fluid oz of technical material/acre was applied to a 100 acre plot near Llaves, NM from May 10 through 13, 1978. All plots had been reseeded with Crested Wheatgrass. All dosages except the 8 oz treatment were diluted with water (to emulsify the malathion Triton X - 190 was used at 20% of the volume of malathion). Six And 3 oz treatments were applied in 8 oz of fluid/acre while the oz treatment was applied in 16 oz of fluid/acre. All treatments were applied with a Cessna Ag-truck 188B aircraft at 40 psi through a standard Cessna hydraulic driver spray system. Eleven 8001 flat fan nozzles were used for the 8, 6 and 3 oz treatments and (15) 80015 flat fan nozzles were used for the 2 oz treatment. All nozzles were rotated 90° to the slip stream. Flight speed was 120 mph; flight height and swath width were 30 and 75 ft respectively. Malathion ULV concentrate was applied at 3 oz of technical malathion, 2% Triton X-190, and water in 8 oz of fluid/acre to 3000 acres of reseeded Crested Wheargrass ca 15 miles NE of McNary, Arizona on May 18, 1978. This treatment was applied with a Turbo Thrush aircraft at 40 psi using 8008 nozzles. Application speed was 140-150 mph; flight height and swath width were 50 ft and 100 ft, respectively. Results on 40 acre plots were assessed by counting live black grass bugs in 4 subsamples (5 sucks/subsample) per plot taken with a 1/2 foot diameter modified de-vac. Results on 100 acre and 3000 acre plots were assessed by counting live black grass bugs at 30 sample sites (5 sucks/site) within each plot. Samples were taken 1-2 days prior to treatment and 2 days and 7 days following treatment. Both species listed above were found in the New Mexico plots, only L.hesperius was present in the Arizona plot.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Foliar Sprays for Brown Planthopper and Green Leafhopper Control on Rice, IRRI, 1979
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Valencia S. L.
Published: March 2022

Four replications of one 45-day-old plant each were sprayed with 6.25 ml of a 0.04% spray solution per plant (equivalent to 0.4 kg al/Via and a spray volume of 1000 l/ha at a 25 x 25 cm plant spacing) using a fine drop atomizer while revolving on a turn table. Treated plants were placed in a room at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C. Plants were covered with mylar film cages after insecticide treatment. Ten adult insects of each species were placed in each cage. In Test 1 insects were placed on the plants at 1, 7 and 14 days after treatment (DT) and in Test 2 at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 DT. Mortality readings were taken at 48 hr after placing the Insects on the treated plants after which the insects were removed. Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott’s formula.
Sorghum Webworm Control, 1980
Authors: Gardner Wayne A.
Published: March 2022

Three tests evaluated various materials in suppressing sorghum webworm populations on grain sorghum heads. All tests were planted with Funk’s G522DR on July 2 by minimal tillage methods following wheat. Plots were 6.1 m x 3 rows and were separated by 1 untreated row or 1 m alley. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with compressed-air sprayers calibrated to deliver 50 gal per acre at 30 psi. Spray was directed to opposite sides of heads to insure thorough coverage. One application on Sept 18 was used in Test 1. Low pest population levels did not merit a second application. Two applications were made on Oct 3 and 8 in Tests 2 and 3. Larval populations were estimated on each sampling date by shag-bagging 10 randomly-selected heads from each plot.
Foliar Insecticide Applications on Soybeans, 1980
Authors: Hammond Ronald B.
Published: March 2022

Fifty-four plots were located 2 miles west of Macon, OH. Plots measured 50 ft by 4 rows (30-in centers) and were bordered by 2 rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block, 3 blocks each with 18 treatments. Treatments were applied on Aug 20 with a 4-row CO2-charged bicycle sprayer (liquid output 74.9 ml/sec at 40 psi, calculated to 43.0 gal/acre rate). Spray nozzles were Tee Jet TX 10 Brass Tips. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows: mostly clear, slight breeze, ca 85°F. Soybean plants were at growth state R5. Plants were sampled with a 15-in sweep net (20 sweeps/plot) on Aug 18 (pretreatment), Aug 22 (2-days posttreatment), Aug 27 (7-days posttreatment), and Sept 3 (14-days posttreatment). Samples were examined in the laboratory for Mexican bean beetle (MBB) adults and larvae and green cloverworm (GCW) larvae. Soybeans were examined visually on all sampling dates for signs of phytotoxicity. Measurable rainfall occurred 2 hr following application of insecticides. Soybeans were hand harvested on Oct 9.
Apple, Early Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 15-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi and at a rate of 400 gal/A. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) during the course of this test consisted of Phygon 50W (.25 lb) on 4 dates, captan 80W (I to 1.25 lb) on 6 dates, Epsom salts (15 lb) on Jun 3, 12, and 23, Solubor (I lb) on Jun 12 and 23, Imidan 50W (I lb) on Jun 3, 12, and 23, and Sevin 80W {.75 to 1.25 lb) on Jul 8, 23, and Aug 13. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 4 “Red Delicious” cultivars/ treatment. From each tree 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was not severe until late Aug when the weather was both hot and dry. All motile mites recorded on Jun 5 were adults; there were 0.3 to 2.5 summer mite eggs/leaf on all plots not treated at tight cluster.
Hornworm and Budworm Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1980
Authors: Semtner Paul J.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted to compare the efficacy of three new strains of Bacillusthuringiensis to Dipel and Lannate for hornworm and tobacco budworm control. ‘McNair 944’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted at 20-in spacing in 4-ft rows on May 14. Treatment plots, 12 ft wide and 40-ft long were established in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. The test plots were used in another insecticide test during July. At the completion of the 1st test, the original plants were cut to ca 6 in on July 28 and a single sucker was allowed to develop from each root system. Spray treatments were applied on Aug 22 using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer operated at 40 pst and delivering 15 gal/acre through a single hollow-cone nozzle (x26). Because some plants were missing hornworm (tobacco and tomato) and tobacco budworm counts (made at 3, 7, and 14 days after application), were adjusted to the number/66 plants.
Control of Aphids on Cottonwood with Foliar Sprays, 1980
Authors: Newsome L. , Solomon J. D.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were tested for ability to control aphids in a cottonwood nursery at Stonevllie, Miss. Two rates of Orthene, Sevln, and Dursban, and one rate of Diazinon were evaluated. Trees were in their first growing season and 0.7 to 1.2 m (2-4 ft) tall. Ten aphid-infested trees were selected at random for each treatment and untreated check. Foliar applications were made using a 7.6 litre (2 gal) hand sprayer calibrated at 1.4 kg pressure/cm2 (20 lb/in2) to deliver 102.9 litre finished spray per hectare (11 gal/acre). Prespray counts were made of all living aphids on three randomly selected leaves in the upper half of each of the 10 trees in each treatment.
Western Spruce Budworm Aerial Application with Sir 8514, 1979-1980
Authors: Johnson David R. , Markin George P.
Published: March 2022

SIR 8514 0.25 WP was applied to a Douglas-fir stand by helicopter, at a dosage rate of 2 oz ai/acre, against 5th and 6th stage larvae of the western spruce budworm, in central Montana, July 2, 1979. The same insecticide was applied by helicopter to grand-fir against 4th and 5th stage larvae of western spruce budworm near Donnelly, Idaho, Jun 22, 1980, but at a dosage rate of 4 oz ai/acre. For both applications, SIR 8514 was mixed with water for a total volume of 1 gal/acre and applied with 8002 flat fan nozzle tips, at 45 mph, 50 ft above tree tops. Each year, tests were limited to a single dosage rate applied to three plots with 5 additional plots (1979), and 3 additional plots (1980), serving as checks. Spray plots were 50 acres in size and at 5500-6000 ft elevation in Montana and 5500-6200 ft elevation in Idaho. Each plot contained 15 sample trees. Populations were expressed as mean number of larvae/100 buds; population estimates were determined 24 hr prespray, and at 3 intervals postspray in Montana and 4 intervals postspray in Idaho.
Apple, Summer Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 30-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 200 psi and at a rate of 300 gal/A. Spray dates were Aug 14 and 21; each material was applied on both dates. The pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) during the course of this test consisted of captan 80W (I lb) and Sevin 80W (.75 lb) on Aug 13. There were no tank-mixtures of acaricides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized complete block design was utilized with 2 “Golden Delicious” and 2 “Red Delicious” cultivars per treatment. From each free 25 leaves were collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, brought into the laboratory, and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Mite population pressure was not severe until late Aug when the weather was both hot and dry. On the pre-spray date egg populations ranged from 15 to 27 eggs/leaf.
Japanese Euonymus, Euonymus Scale Control, 1979
Authors: Williams Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Thirty-nine, 3 ft tall, field grown Japanese euonymus heavily infested with euonymus scale, were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in a single row spaced at 3 ft intervals. Test materials were applied Jun 26, Jul 10 and 24. The-foliage of all plants was sprayed to runoff using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, 1 plant constituting a replication. Efficacy of the treatments was determined Aug 21 by examining 50 adult female euonymus scales per plant. Mortality counts were made with the use of a stereomicroscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally colored and fullbodied or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Fall Control of Cooley Spruce Gall Adelgid on Douglas-Fir, Centre Co., Pa, 1980
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Al-Azawi Elham , Heller Paul R.
Published: March 2022

A stand of 1.5-2.5 m Douglas-fir was used for insecticide evaluation. Trees were inspected for overwintering nymphs prior to spraying. Effectiveness was determined by removing 10 needles per tree, each needle having an attached nymph. The 10 numphs were inspected under a microscope and recorded as being live or dead. A completely randomized block design was used with 15 blocks. Sprays were applied on Oct 22 using one-gallon compressed sprayers. Material was applied until run off. The temperature was 11°C with a 10 mph wind. Post-treatment counts were taken on Oct 29.
Mealybug Control on Fuschia, Georgia, 1980
Authors: Oetting Ronald D.
Published: March 2022

Five formulations of insecticides were applied to fuschia plants infested with citrus mealybugs. Test plants were grown in Metro mix 300, 50% peat moss, 50% potting media in 115 mm pots on raised greenhouse benches. Each treatment block consisted of 1 plant, treatments were randomized, and were replicated 4 times. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off at 80 psi and using an 8003 nozzle on Sept 19. Greenhouse temperatures at application time were 27 C and ranged from 18 to 33 C during the evaluation period. Treatments were evaluated before application and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days following application by marking 4 leaves on each plant and counting the number of mealybugs on the lower surface of the marked leaves with the aid of 3X magnification.
Scots Pine, Pales Weevil and Northern Pine Weevil Control, Atwood, PA, 1980
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R. , Bennett Lillie W.
Published: March 2022

A stand of 1.5-2.5m Scots pine Christmas trees was used for insecticide evaluation. The plantation had been partially harvested since 1976. Pretreatment weevil populations were noted prior to spraying by inspecting for adults attracted to trap logs made from end pieces of tree trunks left from the previous seasons harvest. Weevils were mating and feeding. A tree row with at least 6 new stumps (cut the previous fall) was treated as one replicate/treatment. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each stump received 4-6 oz spray consisting of insecticide in kerosene applied with a compression sprayer on April 25. Temperature was 10°C with wind 5 mph and overcast. The stumps were inspected (5 stumps per rep) on Sept 6 for chip cocoons following removal of bark to the first lateral root. Weevil cocoons were not identified to species.
Pine, Pine Spittlebug Control, 1980
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A.
Published: March 2022

A nursery block of pines were treated on May 30 in Painter, Virginia. A 1-gal B & G compressed air sprayer was used at 30 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times, including check (water treated) and untreated trees. Temperature at the time of application was 80°F. Results were determined by counting the number of spittle masses pretreatment and 96 hours posttreatment.