bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
eSource for Standardized Health Information Exchange in Clinical Research: A Systematic Review of Progress in the Last Year
Authors: Garza Maryam , Myneni Sahiti , Fenton Susan H. , Zozus Meredith Nahm
Published: July 2021

To identify studies conductedusing the direct, electronic extraction of electronic health record (EHR) datato electronic data capture (EDC) systems, also known as eSource, and toidentify any gaps or limitations present for promoting standardized healthinformation exchange in clinical research.Materials and Methods:Articleswere included only if the solution described (1) utilized eSource to directlyexchange data electronically from EHR-to-EDC and (2) was relevant to aprospective clinical study use case.Results:Intotal, 20 relevant articles were identified, describing a total of 15 uniqueeSource interventions. Of the 15interventions, 12 were single-site, single-EHR (SS-SE) implementations and 3were multi-site, multi-EHR (MS-ME) implementations. All 15 implementationsmentioned the use of standards, but nearly all referenced older data exchangestandards. Discussion:Following the trajectory of work towardsdirect EHR-to-EDC, eSource data collection, we appear to have arrived at thepoint where information systems leveraging data standards can offer efficiencyand increased quality in clinical research. However, these methods need to betested for effectiveness and acceptance in the context of real multicenterclinical trials. Several early studies using a single source of data forresearch and patient care appeared over a decade ago. Since that time,implementations and evaluations have been scarce and almost always confined tosingle-EHR, single-EDC, single-institution implementations.Conclusion:These results only further emphasize the observation thatthe clinical trial use case continues to be the most difficult and leastdemonstrated eSource-related initiative. Thus, additional work is criticallyneeded in this area to address the gaps identified from the literature.
Minimally invasive mitral valve repair surgery in patient with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Nguyen Tran Thuy , Luong Long Hoang , Huu Nguyen Cong , Tien Do Anh , Nguyen Phan Thao , Hung Ngo Thanh , Nam Nguyen Hoang , Binh Nguyen The , Le Ngoc Thanh
Published: July 2021

Cardiac involvement is an often fatal and underestimated complication in systemic sclerosis, but only few reports have been published on the surgical intervention of patients with cardiothoracic complication in patient with systemic sclerosis. We hereby present a case of severe mitral valve regurgitation due to infective endocarditis on patient with systemic sclerosis. The patient underwent mitral valve reconstruction and post-operative management of systemic sclerosis.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДА РАДИОМОНИТОРИНГ ҮШІН ТӨМЕН ОРБИТАЛЫ ШАҒЫН ҒАРЫШ АППАРАТЫН ҚОЛДАНУ МҮМКІНДІГІН ТАЛДАУ
Authors: Айтмагамбетов Алтай Зуфарович , Кулакаева Айгуль Егалиевна , Жетписбаева А. Т. , Кожахметова Багдат Абдурашидовна , Абильмажинов Болат Муканович
Published: July 2021

Қазіргі таңда радиоэлектрондық құрылғылардың санының қарқынды өсуі радиожиілік спектрінің тапшылығын туғызады, сонымен қатар электромагниттік жағдайды едәуір қиындатады және радиобақылау функциялары мен міндеттерін жетілдіруді талап етеді. Бүгінгі таңда Қазақстан Республикасының аумағын есекере отырып, қолданыстағы жерүсті радиомониторинг құралдарының шеңберінде радиобақылаудың функциялары мен міндеттерін сапалы орындау мүмкін емес. Дегенмен осындай аумағы үлкен елдер үшін радиожиілік спектрін пайдалану радиомониторингі жүйесінің тиімділігін арттыру үшін радиобақылау станциясы ретінде төмен орбиталы шағын ғарыш аппараттарды пайдалану орынды. Мақалада қолданыстағы жерүсті радиоэлектрондық құралдар үшін энергетикалық қорды бағалау және талдау жүргізілді және радиомониторингтің функциялары мен міндеттерін орындау үшін бір төмен орбиталық шағын ғарыш аппарат негізінде жерсеріктік радиомониторингтің жабынын талдауы келтірілген. Төмен орбиталы ғарыш аппараттарының негізінде радиомониторинг жүйесін енгізу радиомониторинг жүйесінің тиімділігін арттыруға және Қазақстан Республикасында радиожиілік спектрін тиімді пайдалануға мүмкіндік береді.
КЕНТАУ ТРАНСФОРМАТОР ЗАУЫТЫНЫҢ БЕТОН ДАЙЫНДАУ ЦЕХЫН ЭЛЕКТРМЕН ЖАБДЫҚТАУ
Authors: Альчинбаева Ойчагуль Зайниловна , Бекболатов Алимжан Берикбаевич
Published: July 2021

Кентау трансформатор зауытының электрмен жабдықтау жүйесі қоректендіруші, таратушы, трансформаторлық және түрлендіргіш қосалқы станциялардан және оларды байланыстыратын кәбілдік және әуе желілерінен, жоғары және төменгі кернеулі ток өткізгіштерден тұрады. Электрмен жабдықтау жүйесі қызмет көрсетуде сенімді, ыңғайлы және қауіпсіз болатындай және қажетті энергия сапасын, қалыпты және апаттан кейінгі режимдерде электрмен жабдықтаудың үздіксіздігін қамтамасыз ететіндей болып құрылады. Сонымен қатар, электрмен жабдықтау жүйесі шығындар, жылдық шығындар, энергия шығындары бойынша үнемді болуы тиіс. Мақалада зауыт ішіндегі электрмен жабдықталуын есептеу, бетон цехының электр схемасын есептеу және таңдау, зауыттың қоректендіру желісінің кернеуін таңдау, БТҚС трансформаторларының қуатын таңдау, бетон цехының электрмен жабдықталуын есептеу жұмыстары жүргізілді, оған мыналар кіреді: қабылдағыштарды қоректендіру пункттері бойынша бөлу, қоректендіру пункттері бойынша есептеу жүктемелерін анықтау, ұзақ мерзімді рұқсат етілген ток жүктемесі бойынша қоректендіру желісінің қималарын таңдау және оларды кернеудің жоғалуы бойынша тексеру, күштік электр тарату желісі мен қорғаныс аппараттарын таңдау.
ЖОҒАРЫ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАЛЫҚ АСҚЫНӨТКІЗГІШ МАТЕРИАЛДАРЫ НАНОҚҰРЫЛЫМЫНЫҢ ОЛАРДЫҢ ҚАСИЕТТЕРІНЕ ӘСЕРІ
Authors: Жетписбаев Кайратбек Уристимбекович , Ускенбаев Данияр Есанкулович , Ногай Адольф Сергеевич , Сериков Тансауле Габдиманапович , Толегенова Арай Сарсенгалиевна
Published: July 2021

Жұмыстың негізгі мақсаты ретінде наноөлшемді қоспаларды ЖТАӨ материалы құрамына ендіру арқылы асқынөткізгіштің негізгі қасиеттері – критикалық температурасы мен ток тығыздығы мәндерін жақсарту. Аталған жұмыста (Bi1.6Pb0.4)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 висмут қоспасынан тұратын ЖТАӨ материалы (бұдан әрі - BPSCCO) қатты фазалық және бірлесіп тұндыру әдістері арқылы алынды. Пиннигтік нүктелерді жасау үшін наноөлшемдік Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 және Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (бұдан әрі – CZFO, NZFO) материалдары қоспасы BPSCCO сынамасы салмағының 0,1 % массасындағы мөлшерде пайдаланылды. Фазалық талдау рентгендік дифрактометрдің көмегіме жасалды.
MATLAB ОРТАСЫНДА ЖЕТЕКТІҢ АСИНХРОНДЫ ЖИІЛІК – ТОК ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ОРНЫҚТЫЛЫҒЫН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Чныбаева Данна Максуткановна , Цыба Юрий Александрович , Шадхин Юрий Исаевич
Published: July 2021

Мақалада бағдарламаланатын Matlab кешеніндегі векторлық басқарылатын жабық жиілік-ток жүйесінің құрылымдық диаграммасы және қанықтыру байланысын алмастыратын құрылымдық сұлба келтірілген. Жүйенің математикалық сипаттамасы символдық түрде беріледі және асинхронды жүйенің жиілік – ток орнықтылығын анықтау бағдарламасы беріледі. Жүйенің орнықтылығын анықтау бағдарламасы Matlab алгоритмдік тілінде ұсынылған. Бағдарламаны есептеу нәтижелері бойынша жүйенің беріліс функциясының сипаттамалық теңдеуінің түбірлері және Matlab–Simulink ортасындағы асинхронды қозғалтқыштың жылдамдығының өтпелі графигі анықталды.
The Right Instrument for the Right Purpose: Spreading the Use of Small Caliber Ureteroscope for the Inspection of the Male and Female Urethra
Authors: Kulkarni Sanjay B. , Bandini Marco , Patil Amey , Bhadranavar Shreyas , Sharma Vipin , Bafna Sandeep , Yatam Shreeranga L. , Barbagli Guido , Montorsi Francesco , Joshi Pankaj M.
Published: July 2021

The inspection of the urethra in patients with documented or suspected urethral stricture should be carried out with small caliber ureteroscope of 6/7.5Ch. Different from flexible cystoscope (16Ch) or resectoscope (26Ch), small caliber ureteroscope allows a comprehensive evaluation of the stricture, including its length and the status of the mucosa in its proximity, without injuring or overstretching the urethra. With a small caliber ureteroscope it is also possible to cross the stricture, allowing the evaluation of the proximal urethra, the external urethral sphincter, and the bladder. A 6/7.5Ch ureteroscope also allows estimation of the real caliber of the stricture, providing a useful landmark for further treatment decisions.
Utility of Multi Wireless Gateway in Advanced Touchless Healthcare Management
Authors: Ghatole Dr. S. M.
Published: July 2021

In these days of u-healthcare, for convenient monitoring of biological parameters, the wireless communication technique is necessary. There are some standard techniques such as Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, ZigBee, etc. used in the recording of patient’s details. The techniques were tested for Patient details networking and summarize its advantages and the disadvantages. As a result, the ZigBee radio is used as sensor network of patient’s in the hospital. This patient monitoring system would have been tested which has several biological parameters. Especially, this system has ability of patient’s parameter monitoring in the hospital. In this paper in order to record patient’s details repeatedly RFID tags are used which shows complete profile of the patients biological parameters. Whenever patients expose their cards in a RFID field, complete details are displayed in a computer.
Do proctored online University exams in Covid-19 era affect final grades respect face-to-face exams?
Authors: Alegre-Martínez Antoni , Martinez-Martinez Maria Isabel , Alfonso-Sanchez José Luis
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic forced universities to convert their traditional face-to-face exams to online exams with doubts as to whether student cheating or technical difficulties would affect their final grades. After taking three of these exams online, we considered comparing their grades with those of previous years on traditional exams. The average mark of the traditional exams before the pandemic was 6.95 over 10, while the average mark of the three exams carried out in the Covid-19 era is 6.64. The student's t test indicated that there are no significant differences between the two types of exams in the mean (p = 0.408), the median (p = 0.378), the range (p = 0.307), the minimum (p = 0.410) and the maximum (p = 0.072). Taking online exams did not modify the exam grades compared to previous years. There is a lot of variability in similar studies in the literature due to cheating that can be performed in online exams. A proctoring system, good question design, and limited exam time can minimize these differences.
An Overview of a Blockchain Application in Education Using Hyperledger Project
Authors: Falah Bouchaib , Touhs Hamza , Karroumi Soufiane , Abufardeh Sameer
Published: July 2021

During the last years, blockchain has been getting interest by both academic and professional researchers. This is primarily due to the innovative techniques in which records are effectively stored in a distributed manner. Started as a value transfer mechanism, blockchain now has several applications in a vast array of fields including healthcare, banking, and Internet of Things (IoTs). Despite the considerable amount of interest given to these fields, little is known about the possible applications of blockchain in education. Because of COVID-19 outbreak and the rise in the need of online and automated solutions in academia, this paper proposes an overview of a blockchain solution in education. This technology relies on the unique features it offers, such as decentralization, data integrity, and security. The presented solution aims to reduce the paperwork needed to perform tasks, secure the stored data, increase transparency, as well as to offer new recruitment possibilities and statistics capabilities to the current educational system.
A self-evaluation tool of sustainability concepts in higher education institutions courses
Authors: Venezia Elisabetta , Pizzutilo Fabio
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a self-evaluation tool is developed to allow educators and Higher Education Institutions to assess their efforts in pursuing Education for Sustainable Development. The composite index here proposed allows the individual components that contribute to the pursuit of sustainability in education to be grasped in isolation and, at the same time, provides an overall evaluation measure of all the elements taken into consideration. The index is based on the identification of elements that measure the efficiency of the allocated expenditure. At the same time, it encompasses measures of the impact and perception of sustainability concept  by  staff  and students.  Albeit in a laborious way, the application of the tool leads to an unbiased assessment of education for sustainable development results. This composite indicator can be used in a replicative manner elsewhere and offers the advantage of being able to carry out comparative evaluative analyses. This is due to its adaptive flexibility.
Design principles for interdisciplinary collaborative learning through social, digital innovation
Authors: Van den Berg Carolien , Verster Belinda
Published: July 2021

As academics, we are acutely aware of our responsibility in the design of our teaching and learning environment to instil principles of ethics, sustainability, agency and social justice. We are at the crossroad between the commodification of knowledge versus learning that steeped in well-being and innovative socio-ecological and or socio-technical transitions. These complexities prompted a Design-Based Research (DBR) project that commenced in 2020 to test and refine design principles that can facilitate an interdisciplinary, collaborative learning environment that exposes students to future challenges foregrounded in social justice perspectives of local voice, collaboration and co-design. A conceptual model informed by four pedagogical propositions of relationality, reflexivity, responsiveness and recognition is stipulated and nine design principles derived from these propositions are proposed. The overall purpose of this DBR project is to situate the student within a multifaceted learning experience that mimics the complexities associated with an interdisciplinary collaborative learning environment steeped in contemporary societal problems within a specific societal context. The ultimate aim of this project is to shift from interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary collaboration to explore a holistic approach to complex societal problems.
Rotating bending load tests of wheels. Methodological errors
Authors: Chelnokov V. G. , Savel'ev B. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Wheels are components that ensure the safety of vehicles. One of the main ways to test the fatigue strength of wheels is a rotating bending load test. The methodology of these tests, regulated by international and national regulatory documents, allows an indirect method for measuring the normalized force effect on the wheels, in which there are always risks of methodological errors.

The purpose of the study was to identify potential sources of methodological errors when testing wheels in the bending-rotating mode.

Methodology and research methods. Analytical research methods from the field of practical vibration theory were used in the article, considering the critical state of rotating shafts and rotors. Scientific novelty and results. The sources of potential methodological errors and their relationship with the design characteristics of the bench equipment and the wheel itself were determined.

Practical significance. Practical recommendations have been given on the change and control of the stand components design characteristics aimed at minimizing errors. The high-speed test modes were determined, in which the error of the test effect on the wheel did not go beyond the normative limits.
On the prospects of hydrogen energy in transport
Authors: Endachev D. V. , Kutenev V. F. , Panchishny V. I.
Published: July 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). In recent years, attention to hydrogen as an alternative kind of transport fuel has been increasingly growing as hydrogen is considered to be capable of replacing petroleum traditional fuels. Moreover, it is believed that the use of hydrogen can solve the environmental problems of transport, reduce power plants energy driving costs and solve the problem of fossil resources depletion.

The purpose of the study was to analyze hydrogen as a possible alternative fuel, assess its advantages and disadvantages taking into account both the variety of its usage and power environmental and economic aspects of hydrogen production together with problems associated with its practical use.

Methodology and research methods. The analysis of hydrogen production has been carried out including its use as a possible fuel for motor vehicles.

Results. High energy consumption, environmental imperfection of hydrogen production processes and related problems of its storage, transportation, power units as well as of the scarcity of some necessary resources do not provide grounds for optimistic assessments of economic and environmental assessments of vehicles powered by hydrogen.
On the fuzzy logic controller development for a hybrid hydrogen vehicle
Authors: Skripko L. A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction (problem statement and relevance).The ability to combine the advantages of hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries in a hybrid electric vehicle is a fundamental challenge in the development of highly efficient, environmentally friendly transportation. At the same time, the coordinated operation of onboard sources requires the creation of complex control algorithms for all involved power supply and power consumption systems.

The purposeof the research was to study the practical applicability of fuzzy logic algorithms when creating a fuel cells battery controller.

Methodology and research methods.The study used modern mathematical methods for processing the controller input signals of a hydrogen vehicle hybrid power unit and generating output control signals to provide the most optimal control modes for a fuel cells battery.

Scientific novelty and results.The proposed approach, based on the use of fuzzy logic algorithms, has made it possible to control the fuel cell battery power ensuring its efficient operation as part of a vehicle hybrid electric drive. The analysis of the obtained results indicated the effectiveness of the method.

Practical significance.The proposed algorithms make it possible to develop and implement advanced hydrogen power systems controllers for a vehicle.
Formulación de dieta artificial para la crianza de Spodoptera frugiperda utilizando insumos de la región de San Martín
Authors: Cerna Mendoza Agustín , Coronado Manuel F. , Doria-Bolaños Manuel , García-Gonzales Patricia , Fachin-Ruiz Grecia
Published: July 2021

El cogollero del maíz (Spodoptera frugiperda) es la plaga más importante de este cultivo en la región San Martín, su crianza masiva, para fines de estudiar su biología, crianza de enemigos naturales y otros, se ve limitada por la falta de insumos; por esta razón el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los diferentes parámetros fisiológicos y biológicos de S. frugiperda, criada en una dieta artificial elaborada con insumos de la región. Se utilizó 35 larvas de primer ínstar para cada tratamiento, cada larva representó una repetición. Para el desarrollo larval, se utilizó una incubadora a 30±1 °C y fotofase 14h. Se evaluó el porcentaje de viabilidad y la duración de los diferentes ínstares, peso de pupas y deformaciones; el número de mudas se determinó midiendo la capsula cefálica de larvas; en adultos se evaluó la duración del periodo de pre-oviposición, oviposición y post-oviposición, y la fecundidad bruta. Los resultados sugieren que la dieta ESALQ-modificada es la más adecuada para la crianza S. frugiperda, ya que mostró una viabilidad larval de 54,3% y 5 instares, las pupas tuvieron mayor peso y los adultos presentaron mayor fecundidad (848,2 huevos por hembra); las pupas sobre la dieta con insumos de la región, presentaron deficiente quitinización de los primeros segmentos abdominales y 0% de viabilidad.
ADVANTAGES AND FEATURES OF ARTHROSCOPIC REINSERTION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT OF THE KNEE JOINT WITH INTERNAL SPLINTING (internal brace technology)
Authors: Lutsyshyn V. G. , Maiko V. M. , Filonenko Y. A. , Maiko O. V.
Published: July 2021

Background. Despite the annual increase in the number of patients with knee injuries, there is no gen-erally accepted algorithm for treating patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL). Conservative treatment is ineffective, as in 75-87% gives chronic anterior medial instability, increases the risk of post-traumatic arthritis by 51,2%. There is a considerable interest in arthroscopic primary recovery of ACL.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of treatment of patients with ACL rapture and to develop a differentiated approach in its treatment.
Materials and methods. The results of treatment of patients with ACl rupture who underwent ligament reinsertion (n = 40) and ACL reconstruction (n = 50) were analyzed. The assessment was performed on the scale of VAS for 2 days, VAS and IKDC 2-6-12 weeks after surgery
Results. On the second day after the ligament reinsertion, patients had less pain compared to their post-reconstruction sensations: VAS 4,1 versus 5,3. In the group of patients after reinsertion of ACL in the period of 2-6 weeks there were lower rates of pain, namely 2,25 compared with 3,4 in the group of ACL reconstruction. At 2 weeks after reinsertion, patients reported moderate pain and an activity level of 66,4 ± 3,5 compared with the 61,3 ± 2,6 ligament reconstruction group on the IKDC scale. At 6 weeks, the positive dynamics persists, 80,2 ± 2,8 and 76,9 ± 3,1 IKDC, respectively. In 12 weeks, patients in both groups recover almost completely and return to daily activity, 93,9 ± 3,6 and 91,7 ± 2,4 on the IKDC scale, respectively.
Conclusions. Primary recovery for proximal ACL ruptures shows good results and may be an alternative to ACL reconstruction. Success is based on the location of the ligament rupture and the tissues quality. The possibility of the initial ACL recovery is solved during surgery. If there is any doubt about the suitability of tissues for recovery, it is recommended to perform a standard reconstruction of ACL.
FEATURES OF FORMATION OF CONTRACTURES OF A HIP JOINT AT PATIENTS WITH A HIP-LUMBAR SYNDROME
Authors: Galuzinsky O. A. , Zayets V. B. , Osadchuk T. I. , Sulima O. M. , Pidgayetsky V. M. , Kalashnikov O. V.
Published: July 2021

Resume. With significant destructive changes in the hip joints, endoprosthesis is the main method of surgical treatment of coxarthrosis. However, according to the Swedish and Canadian registries, 17-20% of patients have pain after arthroplasty. The cause of residual pain may be a concomitant lesion of the spine, and the study of issues related to the clinical features of the hip-lumbar syndrome are relevant from a scientific and practical point of view. The purpose of the study: to analyze the clinical and radiological picture of patients with coxarthrosis with concomitant pathology of the spine, to investigate the dependence of the severity of flexion contracture of the hip, variable parameters (pelvic angle RT and lumbar lordosis GLL) from constant angle and angle; to study the features of the clinical course of hip-lumbar syndrome. Materials and methods. An analysis of the results of examination of 150 patients with stage III-IV idiopathic coxarthrosis who under-went hip arthroplasty in the clinic of orthopedics and traumatology of adults of the State Institution "ITO NAMS of Ukraine" was performed. Hip pain and functional impairment were assessed according Harris and Womac scales also before hip arthroplasty and 3 months after surgery. Results. Analysis of the obtained data shows that with an increase in the angle of inclination of the pelvis and flexion contracture, the values of the parameters of the angle of pelvic deviation increase, which causes a statistically significant increase in the angle of lumbar lordosis. The correlation coefficients between the parameters PI-PT and PI-GLL were 0.65±0.15 and 0.74±0.11, respectively. Conclusions. Pain in patients with small contracture of the hip joint is associated with neuro-dystrophic syndrome in osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine, in patients with larger contracture - with spondyloarthritis. In the vertical position of the sacrum - GLL - the smallest, least pro-nounced and flexion contracture of the hip joint. On the contrary, in the horizontal position of the sacrum in patients with hyperlordosis and significant, more than 10 ° contracture in the hip joints.
HYALURONIC ACID PREPARATIONS IN BIG JOINT OSTEOARTHRITIS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kalashnikov O. V. , Sulyma O. M. , Osadchuk T. I. , Kalashnikov А. V. , Zayets V. B. , Nizalov T. V. , Kozak R. A. , Cherniak P. S.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The authors of the paper analyzed the experience of domestic and foreign experts on the effi-ciency of HA preparation in big joint osteoarthritis management. Task of the study is to analyze literature sources to identify the efficiency of HA preparations in big joints osteoarthritis management. Materials and methods: articles published by specialized scientific journals, paper collections, internet sources. Results: The analysis of literature sources determined the essential role of HA in joint cartilage nutrition and function. The researches tend to believe that an ideal HA preparation must be as close as possible to the physiological HA of joint’s synovial fluid. The HA preparation elaborated in our state, Artropatch meets these demands completely. Conclusions. Modern HA injectable preparations are expedient on the 1-3 stage of OA. Anti-inflammatory effect of HA preparations predetermines the possibility to decrease the intake dose and period of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, consequently decreasing the risk of many unfavorable side effects of NSAIPs. The high safety level of HA preparations and no significant side effects after long-term treatment make them widely used in clinical practice of modern orthopedic surgeons.
Silent Mastoiditis Associated with Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Mohd Nordin Ashikin , Ong Jean Jun , Ismail Juriza , Kamal Nor Norazlin , Wong Sau Wei , Hashim Noor Dina , Mohammad Nasseri Fahrin Zara , Abdul Ghafar Adibah , Hing Erica Yee , Nasrudin Nudiyana , Abdullah Asma
Published: July 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S pneumoniae) can cause a wide spectrum of diseases which includes upper respiratory tract infection as well as more severe invasive disease such as meningitis. Meningitis may be caused by invasion of the organism through the blood brain barrier, either via haematological spread or from an adjacent focus of infection such as the ears. We describe two infants with pneumococcal meningitis and silent mastoiditis. They both presented with a classical history to suggest meningitis with no apparent focus of infection. A brain imaging was done in the first infant to look for the underlying cause of his focal seizure and in the second infant, to assess for complications of meningitis, as he had a slow recovery. While they did not have any clinical signs to point towards the diagnosis, they were both diagnosed to have acute mastoiditis from brain imaging. We would like to highlight the importance of brain imaging in excluding silent mastoiditis in infants with meningitis, particularly in those whose clinical course appears atypical.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Caussade Solange , Godoy Loreto
Published: July 2021

N/A
CÁNULA NASAL DE ALTO FLUJO EN PEDIATRÍA
Authors: Wegner A Adriana
Published: July 2021

La Cánula Nasal de Alto Flujo (CNAF) es una modalidad de soporte respiratorio no invasivo cada vez más difundida en la población pediátrica por sus beneficiosos efectos sobre la oxigenación, ventilación y confort del paciente. Sus mecanismos de acción han sido ampliamente estudiados, siendo la generación de presión positiva la que aún genera más controversia.

Si bien aún existe poca solidez de la evidencia respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de la CNAF en la literatura, su facilidad de instalación, mantención y seguridad aparente ha determinado que en varios centros su uso se considere ya un estándar de cuidado “off- label”, factible de utilizar en unidades de menor complejidad, con la consiguiente descompresión de unidades críticas.

Este artículo pretende realizar una puesta al día de la CNAF en cuanto a sus mecanismos de acción, evidencia referente a su utilidad en pediatría, potenciales indicaciones, así como su uso fuera de unidades críticas.
Erişkin ve Geriatrik Bireylerde Kardiyopulmoner Rehabilitasyon Gerektiren Hastalıklar
Authors: DURMUŞ Betül Beyza , ATALAY Tuğçe , YURDALAN Ufuk
Published: July 2021

Kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyon; kardiyovasküler ve respiratuar sistem hastalıklarının önlenmesi, hastalıklarla ilişkili semptomların azaltılması ve hastalığın ardından yaşam biçimi değişikliklerini içeren kapsamlı tedavi yaklaşımlarından oluşmaktadır. Erişkin bireylerde kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyon gerektiren koroner arter hastalıkları, kalp yetersizliği, periferik damar hastalıkları, lenf ödem, hipertansiyon, metabolik sendrom ve obezite, diabetes mellitus gibi kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıkları ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), bronşektazi, astım, pulmoner hipertansiyon, kor pulmonale, pulmoner emboli ve interstisyel akciğer hastalıkları gibi respiratuar sistem hastalıkları söz konusudur. Geriatrik bireyler ise yaşlanmanın meydana getirdiği değişimlerle kardiyovasküler ve respiratuar sistem hastalıklarının hedef popülasyonu halindedir. Meydana gelen bu değişimler geriatrik bireylerde sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımını arttırırken kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyona duyulan gereksinimi de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu derlemede erişkin ve geriatrik bireylerde kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyonla ilişkili hastalıklar seçilerek incelenmiştir. Erişkin ve geriatrik bireylerde yaygın görülen kardiyovasküler ve respiratuar sistem hastalıklarının kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyon ihtiyacı doğuran özelliklerinden bahsedilmektedir. Sonuç olarak kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyona duyulan ihtiyacın erişkin ve geriatrik bireylerde oldukça fazla sayıda hastalıktan kaynaklandığı görülmüştür. Bu popülasyonlarda kardiyopulmoner rehabilitasyon sağlıkla ilgili kazandırdığı faydalar açısından hastalıkların tedavisinde azımsanmayacak roller üstlenmiştir.
Modeling Supraglacial Ponding and Drainage Dynamics: Responses to Glacier Surface Topography and Debris Flux Conditions
Authors: Huo Da , Bishop Michael P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Supraglacial ponds play a significant role in the mass loss of many debris-covered glaciers in the Himalaya. Glacier surface topography and debris flux conditions are thought to govern supraglacial ponding and drainage. Existing studies, however, have not adequately investigated the relationships and feedbacks between meltwater production, debris transport, topographic evolution and ponding, because field measurements are limited in time and space, and most existing models either neglect these processes or use oversimplified assumptions. Such limitations restrict our understanding of supraglacial hydrology and introduce uncertainties in our assessments of glacier sensitivity to climate forcing. This study develops a more comprehensive numerical model to provide insights into the couplings between topographically-controlled surface ablation, meltwater drainage, ponding, and gravitational debris transport under radiative forcing. We investigate supraglacial ponding and drainage dynamics in response to different topographic and debris flux conditions through numerical simulations based on Baltoro Glacier in the Karakoram and several hypothetical scenarios. Results suggest that: 1) Supraglacial ponds make a significant contribution to the total ice loss (more than 20 %) in the lower-mid ablation zone over one ablation season, which elevates the glacier's nonlinear response to radiative forcing. 2) Gravitational debris transport has a non-negligible control on the growth rate of supraglacial ponds by governing debris thickness and ablation rates on the ice-cliffs around ponds. 3) Glacier surface gradient and local topographic depressions control pond formation by affecting supraglacial water storage and drainage. Our simulations provide a possible explanation to the abundance of ponds in the mid ablation zone where slope is gentle and more local depressions are present. These findings may contribute to more accurate predictions of future glacier changes in response to climate change.
Quantifying Causal Contributions in Earth Systems by Normalized Information Flow
Authors: Cheng Chin-Hsien , Redfern Simon A. T.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. To understand the plethora of important processes that are characterized by their complexity, from global pandemics to global climate change, it may be critical to quantify causal contributions between time series variables. Here, we examine an empirical linear relationship between the rate of changing causes and effects with various multipliers. Sign corrected normalized information flow (nIFc) tends to provide the best estimates of causal contributions, often in situations where such causality is poorly reflected by regressions. These include: i) causal contributions with alternating feedback (correlation) sign, ii) significant causal time-lags, iii) significant noise contributions, and iv) comparison among many causes to an overall mean effect, especially with teleconnection. Estimates of methane-climate feedbacks with both observational and Earth system model CESM2 data are given as examples of nonlinear process quantification and model assessment. The relative causal contribution is hypothesized to be proportional to |nIF|, i.e. the ratio between entropy (degree of uncertainty) received from the cause-variable (i.e. information flow, |IF|) and the total entropy change of the effect-variable. Large entropy, associated with noise, deteriorates the estimates of total entropy change, and hence nIF, while the proportional relationship between the relative causal contribution and IF improves.
Comparing global seismic tomography models using varimax principal component analysis
Authors: de Viron Olivier , Van Camp Michel , Grabkowiak Alexia , Ferreira Ana M. G.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Global seismic tomography has greatly progressed in the past decades, with many global Earth models being produced by different research groups. Objective, statistical methods are crucial for the quantitative interpretation of the large amount of information encapsulated by the models and for unbiased model comparisons.
Here we propose using a rotated version of principal component analysis (PCA) to compress the information in order to ease the geological interpretation and model comparison. The method generates between 7 and 15 principal components (PCs) for each of the seven tested global tomography models, capturing more than 97 % of the total variance of the model. Each PC consists of a vertical profile, with which a horizontal pattern is associated by projection. The depth profiles and the horizontal patterns enable examining the key characteristics of the main components of the models. Most of the information in the models is associated with a few features: large low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the lowermost mantle, subduction signals and low-velocity anomalies likely associated with mantle plumes in the upper and lower mantle, and ridges and cratons in the uppermost mantle. Importantly, all models highlight several independent components in the lower mantle that make between 36 % and 69 % of the total variance, depending on the model, which suggests that the lower mantle is more complex than traditionally assumed. Overall, we find that varimax PCA is a useful additional tool for the quantitative comparison and interpretation of tomography models.
Cartas para minha mãe, de Teresa Cárdenas: racismo e resistência na voz de uma literata negra
Authors: Benatti Andre Rezende , Candido Alcione Rafael
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work is to analyze racism from the perspective of the main character —a child, black and orphaned— from the novel Cartas para minha mãe, by contemporary Cuban writer Teresa Cárdenas. The narrative develops around a character who did not have what we call childhood today, and who thus enters adolescence. However, our focus will be on the black condition of the narrator, who at all times suffers from the most diverse types of prejudices, in addition to having to deal with a difficult phase: the transition from childhood to puberty. In this way, this work intends to discuss the issues involving childhood surrounded by prejudices of the main character of Cárdenas' novel, while we will observe the reactions and perceptions of the child in face of racism. For the analysis of the novel, the narrator's childhood, the historical contextualization of the colonization process in Latin America and the psychosocial process of the feeling of inferiority of blacks and of superiority of white, we will use the texts of the following scholars: Cabo Aseguinolaza (2001); Ariès (1981); Fanon (2008); Gates (2014) and Souza (2015), among other theoretical texts. In the end, we realized that in the novel by Teresa Cárdenas the weight of racism leads the narrator to seek help in the letters she writes to her dead mother. The racism present in the text builds as a sample of what several people go through every day of their lives.
Introducción. Armar la palabra y los afectos: apuntes para una nueva genealogía textual de signo femenino
Authors: Scarabelli Laura
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Introduction – Postcolonial Ricœur
Authors: Wolff Ernst , Tissot Damien
Published: July 2021

Introduction to “postcolonial Ricoeur” english version
Cephalometric evaluation in children presenting adapted swallowing during mixed dentition
Authors:   State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertolini Milene , Vilhegas Sérgio , Norato Denise , Paschoal Jorge
Published: July 2021

The tongue trust and anterior projection through the dental arcades during swallowing is known as Adapted Swallowing (AS) and is a common finding during mixed dentition. The authors studied the morphologic dentofacial characteristics through cephalometric measures in 38 girls and 35 boys, aged seven to nine years, presenting AS, as determined by the speech therapist evaluation. Cephalometric evaluation was obtained by Radiocef 2.0 software. The measurements studied were the mandibular and maxillary relations to the cranial base, the nasolabial angle, and the upper airway patency, as proposed by McNamara Jr (1984), and the convexity and facial axis angles and maxillary height from Ricketts (1960; 1981). Results, analyzed in relation to sex and racial group, showed an association of Class II facial convexity with the African Brazilian children with dark black skin. This classification does not reflect an abnormality as all African Brazilians studied were classified as class II, due to the fact that the standard measurements are based in the white American population. These findings point to the need of specific racial normative standard for evaluating orofacial and dental structures.
The role of animal models in understanding feeding behavior in infants
Authors:   University of Cincinnati, German R , Crompton A , Thexton A
Published: July 2021

The common evolutionary history humans share with mammals provides us with a solid basis for understanding normal oropharyngeal anatomy and functions. Physiologically, feeding is a cycle of neurophysiologic activity, where sensory input travels to the CNS which sends motor signals out to the periphery. Research with animal models is valuable because it is possible to disrupt this cycle, and develop predictive models on the causal basis of deviation from normal. Based on work with animal models, normal mammalian infant feeding behavior consists of the tongue functioning as a pump. First, the tongue assists in acquisition of milk from the nipple into the oral cavity, and then it pumps milk from the oral cavity into the valleculae prior to the pharyngeal swallow. Starting with this basic model, feeding in infant pigs was manipulated to determine the impact of variation in sensory input on behavioral output. One set of experiments suggested that chemo- or liquid sensation, in the form of milk is necessary to elicit continuing rhythmic activity. However, the rates of rhythmic suckling are intrinsic to an animal, and variation in rate cannot be entrained. Another set showed that initiation of the swallow does not purely depend on the volume of milk delivered, but also on the sensory stimulation at the mouth. These results support the idea that feeding behavior involves complex sensory integration.
Lingual frenulum: classification and speech interference
Authors:   CEFAC – Specialization Center in SLP, Marchesan Irene
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To propose a classification of the different lingual frenulum and to relate them to speech disorders. Methods: We evaluated 1402 patients’ frenulum with an age range of 5 years 8 months to 62 years 10 months between 1978 and 2002. Pictures were taken of the altered frenulum. Measures of maximal mouth opening, with and without tongue suction, were taken with a sliding caliper. Speech samples were also taken. Frenulum were then classified as normal; short; with anterior insertion, and short with anterior insertion. Results: From the 1402 patients evaluated, 127 (9%) presented with an altered frenulum insertion. For this study we considered only those with short or with anterior insertion. For those who had an altered frenulum, 62 (48.81%) presented with speech disorders. The more frequent speech disorders were: omission and substitution of /r/; {R}, and consonant clusters with /r/, and of /s/ and /z/. Frontal and lateral lisps also occurred. The frenulum of 21 patients was classified as short and of these, 12 patients (57%) presented with speech disorders. Of the 106 patients with anterior insertion, 50 (47.2%) presented with a speech disorder. After statistical analyses the relation between altered frenulum and speech disorders was considered significant with p<0.001. Conclusion: The lingual frenulum was classified as normal, short and with anterior insertion. An altered frenulum may predispose the individual to exhibit an accompanying speech disorder.
Death, nursing and writing ambiguous characters
Authors: McAllister Margaret , Brien Donna Lee
Published: July 2021

When nurses are featured in narratives associated with death and dying, the common

stereotype of the good nurse – of mother, or angel of mercy – is often invoked. Although

such imaging can be flattering for nurses, whose work might otherwise go unnoticed and

unappreciated, this representation is also unrealistic and dehumanising. Darker

representations of nurses, and particularly the uncomfortable or profane aspects of

nursing work, are not only rare outside of the horror genre, they have also largely escaped

examination. Consequently, writers, as well as others including the public and those

involved in the practice, teaching and scholarship of nursing, have a limited lexicon with

which to describe that large part of nursing work which is situated in the realm of the

abject, turbulent and traumatic. This article examines Franco’s film, Chronic (2015),

which features a nurse who works in home-based palliative care, and whose character

defies stereotypes. Analysing this richly drawn character and what this characterisation

reveals about the world in which he operates, provides a case study of writing characters

against powerful stereotypes and writing ambiguity.
Illuminations: a proposed taxonomy for death-inspired works in Western art music
Authors: Lodge Martin
Published: July 2021

Throughout the history of Western art music, death has been a major stimulus for

composers, and it continues to be so for contemporary musicians. Composer responses

to death have been predominantly associated with emotions of grief, sadness and loss.

An examination of responses in the Western art music repertoire of the past five hundred

years, however, reveals that there is a diversity of composer reactions, from mourning

through prophetic imaginings to resignation, and extending to spiritual affirmation or

theological affirmation of an afterlife. Informed by surveying a number of composers’

diverse responses, this article outlines differences found in order to propose a taxonomy

of varying creative musical approaches to death.
‘An ambiguous genre’: thoughts on creative non-fiction and the exegesis
Authors: Robertson Rachel , Juckes Daniel , O’Rourke Marie , Pettitt-Schipp Renee
Published: July 2021

The requirement for separate creative and exegetical components by universities

offering creative doctoral programmes is a largely accepted model in Australia. The

Research Question Model adopted by Curtin University in Western Australia is an

example of this. The parallel, ‘independent’ articulation of creative and academic

responses is explored in this article by a supervisor and three PhD candidates all writing

in the genre of creative non-fiction. We suggest that the boundaries between the

scholarly and creative in creative non-fiction works are far from clear and that this

reflects both contemporary non-fiction publishing and new movements in scholarly

writing. We propose that Barthes’s ‘ambiguous genre’, the essay, may be one useful

way of conceptualising the non-fiction creative doctorate.
Exegetical essentials: a framing structure and template for a comprehensive exegesis in the creative arts
Authors: Brien Donna Lee , Owens Alison , Pittaway Gail , Waters Irene
Published: July 2021

For over two decades, the number of candidates undertaking, and completing, research

higher degrees in the discipline of creative arts has continued to grow, yet the anxiety

associated with the exegesis, or critical component, to the award has not dissipated. This

article reports the views of a small number of research higher degree candidates and their

supervisor in response to questions posed by the TEXT ‘Exegesis now’ call for papers.

In this sample, the exegesis was perceived as a necessary and useful component to the

award by all respondents, who are completing diverse creative projects. However,

respondents also express some anxiety and uncertainty over what is required in the

exegesis in terms of formal, structural and compositional elements. Discussion of the

views expressed by respondents identifies common challenges and proposes a number

of strategies that may provide greater certainty and alleviate some of the anxiety for

candidates and their supervisors. It includes a template for a comprehensive exegesis and

two ways the exegesis can be structured to form a rigorous frame around, and supportive

complement to the creative work.
Contributing to knowledge in creative writing research: what, where, how?
Authors: Batty Craig , Holbrook Allyson
Published: July 2021

There is general agreement that doctoral research should show ‘originality’, but there is

less agreement about what that means or how it is distinguished from ‘contribution’.

There is also a strand in the literature that attests that different disciplines, especially

relative newcomers to the doctorate such as the creative arts, privilege different qualities

of originality and forms of contribution. This prompts the question: what constitutes an

original contribution in the field of creative writing? Drawing on the growing literature

on creative doctorates, reference to a number of examiner reports collected for a larger

project, and reflections on supervising and examining creative writing PhDs, this paper

explores the various forms of contribution that characterise the discourse on knowledge

creation and dissemination in creative writing research.