bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving photon number resolvability of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array using a level comparator circuit
Authors: Huang Jia , Zhang Xingyu , Zhang Weijun , Wang Yong , Lv Chaolin , Xu Guangzhao , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , You Lixing
Published: April 2024

Photon number resolving (PNR) capability is very important in many optical applications, including quantum information processing, fluorescence detection, and few-photon-level ranging and imaging. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with a multipixel interleaved architecture give the array an excellent spatial PNR capability. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PNR (SNRPNR) of the array will be degraded with increasing the element number due to the electronic noise in the readout circuit, which limits the PNR resolution as well as the maximum PNR number. In this study, a 16-element interleaved SNSPD array was fabricated, and the PNR capability of the array was investigated and analyzed. By introducing a level comparator circuit (LCC), the SNRPNR of the detector array was improved over a factor of four. In addition, we performed a statistical analysis of the photon number on this SNSPD array with LCC, showing that the LCC method effectively enhances the PNR resolution. Besides, the system timing jitter of the detector was reduced from 90 ps to 72 ps due to the improved electrical SNR.
Superposition principle with Ampère’s law and a semi-infinite wire
Authors: Kanchanapusakit Wittaya , Tanalikhit Pattarapon
Published: April 2024

In this article, a semi-infinite wire serves as a pedagogical example to demonstrate Ampère’s law. To effectively apply the law, two conditions must be met: (i) the wire must form a closed circuit, and (ii) the current must have symmetry. Fulfilling requirement (i) involves connecting an additional semi-infinite wire at an arbitrary angle, ensuring that their far ends join at infinity to form a closed circuit. Although this additional wire disrupts current symmetry, condition (ii) can be satisfied by superposing multiple diagrams wherein the additional wires are arranged with symmetry. Ampère’s law can then be utilized to determine the magnetic field generated by the wire arrangement. The analysis in this article is well-suited for introductory electromagnetism courses, highlighting the principle of superposition in physics.
A comparative investigation of the effects of temperature on the oxidation resistance of high-velocity oxy-fuel coating on AISI316L
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Alam Md Sarfaraz , Mishra Vishwesh , Vasudev Hitesh , Yadav Prabhat Chand , Choubey Vikas Kumar
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the 50 cycles of the oxidation characteristics of WC-10Co-4Cr feedstock powder coatings applied by HVOF on AISI316L at three different temperatures: 750 °C, 850 °C, and 950 °C. The oxidation kinetics were established, and the results for the bare and coated specimens were compared using the weight change measurements of the coated samples. The surface morphology of the coated austenite steel samples was examined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and EDS after the oxidation cycle. Severe peeling-off, sputtering, and spalling from the oxide scale were seen in the AISI 316 L steel that was not coated. In addition, the scale was rich in Fe2O3, which contributed to the significant weight gain. The protective WO3 and Cr2O3 phases formed on the oxide scale were revealed to have more excellent oxidation resistance.
Investigation of HTL-free perovskite solar cell under LED illumination: interplay between energy bandgap and absorber optimization
Authors: Alanazi Tarek I , Zein Walid , Azab Karim , Shaker Ahmed , Salah Mostafa M , Selim Dalia
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we introduce an efficient perovskite solar cell (PSC) designed for indoor applications, which does not incorporate a hole transport layer (HTL). The perovskite material studied in this work is MAPbI3-xClx, whose bandgap energy can be adjusted to match the spectrum of white LEDs. While the removal of the HTL initially leads to a decline in cell performance, a subsequent enhancement is achieved in performance when the work function of the rear contact is increased. This improvement can be attributed to the increased electric field at the back contact interface. The performance of the HTL-free PSC is further optimized by adjusting various technological and physical factors of the perovskite absorber. These parameters include thickness, bulk defects, doping level, and energy gap of the perovskite material. Our results demonstrate that the HTL-free PSC structure exhibits superior performance metrics under a white LED environment at 1000 lux and a color temperature of 2700 K. In this context, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 34% can be obtained upon proper optimization procedures. Further, the interplay between the energy gap (E

g
) of the absorber and the optimization procedures is investigated, highlighting its importance in the context of HTL-free designs for indoor applications. Practical recommendations stemming from this study include an emphasis on optimization for HTL-free cells and caution against applying ideal E

g
ranges to non-optimized configurations.
Control of spin on ferromagnetism and thermoelectric properties of Sr(V/Cr)2S4; emergent spintronic aspirant
Authors: Nazir Ghazanfar , Mahmood Q , Zelai Taharh , Rehman Adeela , Albalawi Hind , Kattan Nessrin A , Bouzgarrou S , Boukhris Imed
Published: April 2024

Strontium-based spinel chalcogenides are promising materials for energy harvesting and spintronics. Therefore, the electronic, ferromagnetic, and thermoelectric properties of SrZ2S4 (Z = V, Cr) spinels are thoroughly investigated. The formation energy and energy released during optimization demonstrate the stability of the cubic phase in a ferromagnetic state. The spin polarisation and the Curie temperature have been calculated using the density of states (DOSs) and the Heisenberg model. To explore ferromagnetism, exchange energies, the double exchange mechanism, exchange constants, and the hybridization process have all been used. The decrease in the magnetic moment for V/Cr and its shift to nonmagnetic (Sr, S) sites show that ferromagnetism is caused by electron exchange rather than V/Cr atom clustering. In the end, electrical and thermal conductivities, Seeback coefficient (S), and power factor have been used to explain the thermoelectric analysis for energy applications. Ultralow thermal conductivity values lessen the impact of heat on electron spin, extending the device’s useful life. All of these aspects, when taken together, provide a comprehensive picture of the role electron exchange plays in ferromagnetism and its application in energy devices.
Study of traveling soliton and fronts phenomena in fractional Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov equation
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: April 2024

The present research work presents the modified Extended Direct Algebraic Method (m-EDAM) to construct and analyze propagating soliton solutions for fractional Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov equation (FKPPE) which incorporates Caputo’s fractional derivatives. The FKPPE has significance in various disciplines such as population growth, reaction-diffusion mechanisms, and mathematical biology. By leveraging the series form solution, the proposed m-EDAM determines plethora of travelling soliton solutions through the transformation of FKPPE into Nonlinear Ordinary Differential equation (NODE). These soliton solutions shed light on propagation processes in the framework of the FKPPE model. Our study also offers some graphical representations that facilitate the characterization and investigation of propagation processes of the obtained soliton solutions which include kink, shock soliton solutions. Our work advances our understanding of complicated phenomena across multiple academic disciplines by fusing insights from mathematical biology and reaction-diffusion mechanisms.
Dynamics of the atom-polyatomic molecule conversion with quantum decoherence
Authors: Yang Chenglong , Zhang Qi , Cui Bo
Published: April 2024

Based on the mean-field approximation and the two-mode Bose–Hubbard model, we investigate the dynamical properties of atom-polyatomic molecule conversion systems under dissipation and dephasing. For such a many-body system problem, we partition phase space based on the states of fixed points, study the movement of fixed points and the transition to attractors in an open system. Additionally, for all the atoms that constitute a molecule, depending on whether the species of these atoms are identical or not, we introduce the innovative concepts of unbiased and biased systems. We discover that in biased conversion systems under particle losses, the evolution trajectories are distributed on a three-dimensional Bloch sphere with an internal structure. There exists a significant difference from the two-dimensional Hilbert space of an unbiased system. Finally, we discuss the sweeping rate of the time-varying magnetic field applied externally to the conversion system, and analyze a feasible scheme for the quantum coherent synthesis of triatomic molecules.
Turbulent spot formation in three-dimensional yukawa liquids using large-scale molecular dynamics simulation—effect of system size
Authors: Kalita Suruj , Ganesh Rajaraman
Published: April 2024

We have performed classical ‘first principles’ 3D Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation of plane-Couette flow (PCF) in a 3D Yukawa liquid. The main aim of the present investigation is to study the effect of stream-wise (flow-direction) and span-wise (transverse direction to the flow) width on the subcritical transition to turbulence in plane Couette flow (PCF), separately. In the past, taking very large-aspect ratio systems, subcritical transition to turbulence in PCF has been studied in great detail. However, the effect of stream-wise and span-wise width on the turbulent dynamics separately, have not been studied in detail. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of stream-wise and span-wise width or length and found that the stream-wise length enhances the large-scale energy, which gives rise to strong large-scale flow, and span-wise width enhances the small-scale energy, which gives rise to strong small-scale structures. In other words, topology of the turbulent spot is observed to change with the change in system size. The spectral separation between the modes governing the large and small-scale dynamics improves with the increase in system sizes. The connection between the stream-wise vortices and the stream-wise velocity streaks is investigated in details. We have found that the number stream-wise velocity streaks is one unit larger than the number of stream-wise vortices. A qualitative comparison between the results obtained from the MD simulation and the hydrodynamics experiment is presented in this article. The behavior of the system was observed to vary with the range of interactions among the dust grains.
Searching for Exploding black holes
Authors: Boluna Xavier , Profumo Stefano , Blé Juliette , Hennings Dana
Published: April 2024

The observation of the final stages of the evaporation of a light black hole, which
Hawking referred to as “black hole explosion”, would offer critical insights on quantum gravity
and high-energy physics phenomena. Here, we explore, review, and revisit the observational
features and rates expected for nearby, light, evaporating black holes, and we assess and compare
the expected sensitivity of a broad range of observatories. We then focus on the search for
candidate black hole explosions in archival data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and Gamma-ray
Burst Monitor, and outline possible future observational campaigns.
Semiclassical approach to spin dynamics of a ferromagnetic S = 1 chain
Authors: Li 李 Chengchen 承晨 , Cui 崔 Yi 祎 , Yu 于 Weiqiang 伟强 , Yu 俞 Rong 榕
Published: April 2024

Motivated by recent experimental progress on the quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet NiNb2O6, we study the spin dynamics of an S = 1 ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with single-ion anisotropy by using a semiclassical molecular dynamics approach. This system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state under a transverse magnetic field, and the magnetic response reflecting this transition is well described by our semiclassical method. We show that at low temperature the transverse component of the dynamical structure factor depicts clearly the magnon dispersion, and the longitudinal component exhibits two continua associated with single- and two-magnon excitations, respectively. These spin excitation spectra show interesting temperature dependence as effects of magnon interactions. Our findings shed light on the experimental detection of spin excitations in a large class of quasi-one-dimensional magnets.
DSAS: A new macromolecular substructure solution program based on the modified phase-retrieval algorithm
Authors: Fu 付 Xingke 兴科 , Tan 谭 Zhenxi 振希 , Geng 耿 Zhi 直 , Liu 刘 Qian 茜 , Ding 丁 Wei 玮
Published: April 2024

Considering the pivotal role of single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) in macromolecular crystallography, our objective was to introduce DSAS, a novel program designed for efficient anomalous scattering substructure determination. DSAS stands out with its core components: a modified phase-retrieval algorithm and automated parameter tuning. The software boasts an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI), facilitating seamless input of essential data and real-time monitoring. Extensive testing on DSAS has involved diverse datasets, encompassing proteins, nucleic acids, and various anomalous scatters such as sulfur (S), selenium (Se), metals, and halogens. The results confirm DSAS’s exceptional performance in accurately determining heavy atom positions, making it a highly effective tool in the field.
Neutrino oscillations in the Non-Kerr black hole with quantum phenomenon*
Authors: Alibekov Husan , Atamurotov Farruh , Abdujabbarov Ahmadjon , Khamidov Vokhid
Published: April 2024

In this study, we have investigated the mathematical components of the Dirac equation in curved spacetime and how they can be applied to the analysis of neutrino oscillations. More specifically, we have developed a method for calculating the phase shift in flavor neutrino oscillations by utilizing a Taylor series expansion of the action that takes into account

orders. In addition, we have used this method to assess how the phase difference in neutrino mass eigenstates changes according to the gravitational field described by the Johannsen spacetime.
Production of higher excited quarkonium pair at the super Z factory*
Authors: Liao 廖 Qi-Li 其力 , Jiang 蒋 Jun 军
Published: April 2024

The heavy constituent quark pair of the heavy quarkonium is produced perturbatively and subsequently undergoes hadronization into the bound state non-perturbatively. The production of the heavy quarkonium is essential to testing our understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in both perturbative and non-perturbative aspects. The electron-positron collider will provide a suitable platform for the precise study of the heavy quarkonium. The higher excited heavy quarkonium may contribute significantly to the ground states, which should be considered for sound estimation. We study the production rates of the higher excited states quarkonium pair in

(

- or b-quarks) at the future Z factory under the non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework, where the

/

represents the color-singlet states

, and

(

). The differential angle distribution of cross sections

is given. We also discuss the uncertainties of cross sections caused by the varying quark masses and the renormalization scale μ. We show that significant numbers of events for pairs of higher excited state quarkonia can be generated at the super Z factory.
Inelastic Scattering of Dark Matter with Heavy Cosmic Rays
Authors: Lu Keyu , Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Yuan Qiang , Zhang Le
Published: April 2024

We investigate the impact of inelastic collisions between dark matter (DM) and heavy cosmic ray (CR) nuclei on CR propagation. We approximate the fragmentation cross-sections for DM-CR collisions using collider-measured proton-nuclei scattering cross-sections, allowing us to assess how these collisions affect the spectra of CR boron and carbon. We derive new CR spectra from DM-CR collisions by incorporating their cross-sections into the source terms and solving the diffusion equation for the complete network of reactions involved in generating secondary species. In a specific example with a coupling strength of b

χ
= 0.1 and a DM mass of m

χ
= 0.1 GeV, considering a simplified scenario where DM interacts exclusively with oxygen, a notable modification in the boron-to-carbon spectrum due to the DM-CR interaction is observed. Particularly, the peak within the spectrum, spanning from 0.1 to 10 GeV, experiences an enhancement of approximately 1.5 times. However, in a more realistic scenario where DM particles interact with all CRs, this peak can be amplified to twice its original value. Utilizing the latest data from AMS-02 and DAMPE on the boron-to-carbon ratio, we estimate a 95% upper limit for the effective inelastic cross-section of DM-proton as a function of DM mass. Our findings reveal that at m

χ
≃ 2 MeV, the effective inelastic cross-section between DM and protons must be less than

O
(

10

−
32

)

cm

2

.
Orthogonal extended infomax algorithm
Authors: Ille Nicole
Published: April 2024

Objective. The extended infomax algorithm for independent component analysis (ICA) can separate sub- and super-Gaussian signals but converges slowly as it uses stochastic gradient optimization. In this paper, an improved extended infomax algorithm is presented that converges much faster. Approach. Accelerated convergence is achieved by replacing the natural gradient learning rule of extended infomax by a fully-multiplicative orthogonal-group based update scheme of the ICA unmixing matrix, leading to an orthogonal extended infomax algorithm (OgExtInf). The computational performance of OgExtInf was compared with original extended infomax and with two fast ICA algorithms: the popular FastICA and Picard, a preconditioned limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm belonging to the family of quasi-Newton methods. Main results. OgExtInf converges much faster than original extended infomax. For small-size electroencephalogram (EEG) data segments, as used for example in online EEG processing, OgExtInf is also faster than FastICA and Picard. Significance. OgExtInf may be useful for fast and reliable ICA, e.g. in online systems for epileptic spike and seizure detection or brain-computer interfaces.
Dielectrophoretic force characteristics toward Lactobacillus casei on an oblique-patterned electrode
Authors: Khazanna  , Fitriyani S , Safitri R , Lahna K , Yusibani E , Irwansyah  , Iswardy E
Published: April 2024

Dielectrophoresis-based biochips with various microelectrode configurations have been extensively studied within the last five deca des. However, wide-field application is still challenging. This study aims to fabricate an oblique-configuration microelectrode and then utilizes it to determine the dielectrophoretic (DEP) characteristics of Lactobacillus casei based on the generated non-uniform electric field. The electric field distribution on microelectrodes was simulated with Quickfield 6.6 student version. The microelectrodes were fabricated using a copper film on a glass substrate. The DEP characteristic of Lactobacillus casei was investigated by applying a sinusoidal AC signal to microelectrodes in medium solution with an electrical conductivity of 0.05 S/m. The electric-field simulations show that the strongest electric-field was generated on the tip of electrodes spacing, and the weakest electric-field was generated on the inner of electrodes spacing. The negative-DEP force on Lactobacillus casei was observed at the frequency of 60–130 kHz, while the positive-DEP force was observed at the frequency of 380–700 kHz, both at voltage of 2–6 Vpp. The nDEP force led Lactobacillus casei to be pushed toward the weak electric field on the inner of electrodes spacing, and the pDEP force induced Lactobacillus casei to be attracted toward the strong electric-field on the tip of electrodes spacing. This study implies that the proposed oblique-microelectrode platform has promising application for bioparticles separation.
Identification of shale gas existence based on 2-dimensional magnetotelluric data in the Kutai basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Putri S N , Hawan S I , Hapsoro C A , Laksono Y A
Published: April 2024

Research on unconventional methods in the shale gas exploration process has begun to be developed to meet the demand for oil and natural gas sustainability. The research area is located in the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The current study from the Geological Survey Center shows that the Kutai Basin has 46.79 TCF of shale gas potential. The magnetotelluric (MT) method was applied in this study to describe the distribution of subsurface resistivity values. The inversion schemes performed in the MT method are 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional inversions. In this study, there are 8 measurement stations in one line. The presence of low resistivity values or conductive zones identifies the potential for black shale layers. The potential for shale gas is suspected to be detected at station KT29, which is included in the Pamaluan Formation, and at stations KT12, KT31, KT13, and KT15, which are included in the Pulaubalang Formation, because it is associated with source rock from petroleum in the Kutai Basin system, as supported by previous research data.
Sanding phenomena vulnerability observations due to CO2 injection at the Air Benakat reservoir in South Sumatera
Authors: Aziz Prasandi Abdul , Marhaendrajana Taufan , Siagian Utjok W. R.
Published: April 2024

Carbon sequestration using carbon capture storage (CCS) is one of the most important operational activities in the oil and gas industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase hydrocarbon production. Carbon Capture Utilization & Storage (CCUS) can be utilized for both enhancing oil recovery (CO2-EOR), as well as gas recovery (CO2-EGR) by injecting CO2 into the reservoir. However, the CO2 injection into reservoir rock can raise potential sanding problems in both injection and production wells. The phenomena of sanding may be induced dominantly due to carbonic acid injection in the reservoir. The reaction between CO2 and water will form carbonic acid in the reservoir, which can cause the dissolution of rock minerals, especially carbonate cementation (such as calcite and dolomite). We have investigated the sanding effect when CO2 was injected into the reservoir using several laboratory-scale measurements and observations on the Air Benakat reservoir sample in South Sumatera. The sanding vulnerability was measured by observing pore structure, changes in elastic properties, and rock strength through Rock Physics and Rock Mechanics measurements. XRD analysis showed the presence of CaMg(CO3)2 (dolomite) minerals in the Air Benakat sandstone sample, which resulted in the possibility of a chemical reaction of the sample, either matrix or pores. The pore structure dissolution was detected from microscale images when the rock was injected with CO2 dissolved in brine water. The changes in rock’s pores due to the dissolution process were also clearly observed from measurements of the changes in rock mass during the injection process of carbonic acid fluid into rock samples from time-to-time measurement.
Microstructure and Electrochemical Performance of Supercapacitor Based on Nickel/Activated Carbon Composite Electrode
Authors: Diantoro M , Rahmadani H , Nasikhudin  , Maharani T
Published: April 2024

Supercapacitors are promising electrochemical energy storage devices because they have higher energy than conventional capacitors and higher power than rechargeable batteries. Based on material for supercapacitors, activated Carbon (AC) has large specific surface area, high conductivity, and chemical stability, but still shows less than optimal specific capacitance and energy density. In this work, AC was composited with nickel (Ni) and Carbon Black (CB) to modify microstructure and optimize its electrochemical performance. Initially, synthesis of Ni-AC (cathode) and AC (anode) slurry was carried out by blending method in different mass percentages of Ni (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 %). The slurry was coated using doctor blade on aluminum foil. Then, Ni-AC//AC was fabricated and tested by Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) instrument to analyze the electrochemical performance changes of supercapacitor. Based on XRD pattern, AC peak was found at 26.5° and Ni-AC composite had additional peaks in 44.4°, 51.7°, and 76.2°. The crystal size and porosity of electrode were in range of 23.2 – 45.4 nm and 66.6 – 75.7%, respectively. Based on the electrochemical evaluation, addition of 20% Ni mass in activated carbon electrode has the optimum performance, which increases active sites of the electrode and ion electrolyte adsorption capacity. Further, the GCD revealed that the prepared Ni-AC//AC electrode have excellent capacitive behavior with specific capacitance of 56.6 F/g, power density of 308.8 W/kg, energy density of 20.8 Wh/kg, and specific retention of 69.6% until 50 cycles.
Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution using NiZnFe2O4/TiO2 Nanocomposites Adsorbent
Authors: Budianti Siska Irma , Istiqomah Nurul Imani , Sari Emi Kurnia , Suharyadi Edi
Published: April 2024

This research explores the adsorption effectiveness of NiZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites regarding Cr(VI). The nanocomposites were effectively synthesized utilizing coprecipitation and Stöber methods, incorporating diverse molar ratios of TiO2. The samples were subjected to characterization using methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). These analyses were conducted to evaluate the crystal structure, morphology, chemical bond formation, optical properties, magnetic properties, and removal efficiency of the specimens. XRD results showed that NiZnFe2O4 and TiO2 have a cubic and tetragonal structure. The crystallite size decreased as the TiO2 concentration increased. TEM image of NiZnFe2O4 reveals the formation of clusters, indicating uneven dispersion under agglomerated conditions. The average particle size is measured at (10.6 ± 0.8) nm. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated the presence of functional groups O-H, C-H, and H-O-H, indicating the successful synthesis of the material. Moreover, the identification of MO-octahedral, MO-tetrahedral, and Ti-O functional groups suggested the formation of NiZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites. The incorporation of TiO2 had an impact on both the saturation magnetization and coercivity values, which fell within the ranges of 12.4 to 22.9 emu/g and 47 to 55 Oe, respectively. This finding indicates the presence of advantageous magnetic properties. The absorbance spectrum of these nanocomposites displayed a shift to the right (redshift), allowing them to absorb ultraviolet rays. The band gap of these nanocomposites ranges from (2.85 ± 0.02) to (3.29 ± 0.02) eV. Notably, NiZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites with a concentration ratio of 1:5 exhibit effective Cr(VI) removal efficiency, achieving a degradation value of 65.6%. The pseudo-kinetic model was first investigated to describe kinetic data and Cr(VI) removal determination. The SEM-EDX adsorbent results after adsorption showed the presence of Cr(VI) in the nanocomposites. Therefore, these results can promote NiZnFe2O4/TiO2 nanocomposites as a promising candidate in the removal of heavy metal waste.
Study of CO2 Injection into Sumatran Shale Layers to increase Hydrocarbon Gas Productivity of The Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Nurhandoko Bagus Endar B. , Septama Erlangga , Usman Totong Kusnadi , Wardaya Pongga Dikdya , Supriyanto Eko Bambang , Triyoso Kaswandhi , Susilowati  , Pratiwi Ratih , Cindrawati Maria , Rossa Vida Irine , Pratama Richie Rahmat
Published: April 2024

Injecting CO2 into a reservoir has some important reasons. CO2 injection can enhance oil and gas recovery by reducing the capillary pressure, increasing the pressure gradient, and changing the phase behavior of the fluids. It can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and storing CO2 underground. It can also create economic benefits by utilizing CO2 as a valuable resource and generating revenue from carbon credits. Therefore, injecting CO2 into a reservoir benefits the environment and the industry. We can inject CO2 in shale gas reservoirs to increase productivity because CO2 has a stronger adsorption capacity on shale surfaces than hydrocarbon gas. When CO2 is injected into shale reservoirs, it can displace the adsorbed CH4 flow out of the micropores and free up more space for gas flow. Injecting CO2 can also reduce the viscosity and density of shale gas, improving its mobility and transport. Moreover, injecting CO2 can provide environmental benefits by reducing carbon emissions and storing CO2 underground. Therefore, CO2 injection is a promising technique for enhancing shale gas recovery and mitigating climate change. We characterized several types of shale from Sumatra using XRD to determine the mineral content. We injected the shale sample with the inert gas and CO2 gas. The characteristics of pressure build up after CO2 injection seem lower than one after inert gas injection. The volumetric of released gas after injection shows the same phenomena as pressure build up’s phenomena which shows clearly that shale rock released less of CO2 gas than the one of inert gas (CH4). These phenomena show that the CH4 can be released easier than the CO2 in the shale rock. Therefore, CO2 can be utilized as material for enhancing the gas recovery in shale reservoir.
Initial Design of IoT-Based Earthquake Intensitymeter Using MMI Scale with Smartphone Display
Authors: Yulkifli  , Nofriandi Alwi , Triyono Rahmat , Audia Washilla , Sati’at Nur Anisa
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the initial design of an earthquake intensitymeter measuring instrument using the IoT-based MMI scale. This research is motivated by the lack of instrumentation technology applied to the community for earthquake mitigation, which is related to the geographical location of Indonesia in earthquake-prone areas. The existing earthquake intensitymeter instrument still has shortcomings in terms of hardware and data acquisition. So this paper tries to provide a solution to the problem by using an MPU6050 accelerometer sensor that can measure PGA values simultaneously on three axes. This system is also equipped with an IoT-based intensitymeter for data acquisition that can be accessed via smartphone. In this system, the MPU6050 sensor is tested for characteristics first using the UC Berkeley Seismological Myshake application, and the average linearity test data obtained is 0.994. The data acquisition system is webserver-based so that every bit of data read every second will be sent to the webserver. The webserver is also equipped with a real-time measurement graph, and every smartphone device can access the data using the IP address of the webserver.
Design of Immersive Information Simulation of Negative Pressure Isolation Room for Covid-19 Infection Patients Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Suhendi  , Maulana R
Published: April 2024

This research aims to provide knowledge about how to create and the need for air circulation in negative pressure isolation rooms. If practiced directly, it will require large costs because it requires costs for procuring space and equipment. By using virtual reality (VR) technology, this problem can be solved because VR can provide an immersive environment like being in the real world. VR users will be able to experience how the requirements and how to create a negative pressure isolation room are like how it feels in the real world. So this can provide information and training on how to make a negative pressure isolation room before making an actual isolation room. Activities using VR will reduce the risk of errors and training costs on how to make an isolation room even without the cost of equipment. The purpose of this research is to provide convenience for health educators and the government on how to make negative pressure isolation rooms and the need for air circulation. So, it is enough to use VR technology, so the information on how to use VR is enough to make the isolation room and its needs work without having to use the right tools. This research method is descriptive and quantitative which begins with a literature review followed by an analysis of the need for isolation rooms and VR immersive environments. The implementation and testing process results in VR technology being able to help understand negative pressure isolation rooms for health workers.
Fidelity Comparation of Two-Qubit Quantum Teleportation with Bit-Flip and Phase-Flip Channel
Authors: Prabowo Ananto Ari , Taufiqi Muhammad , Hatmoko Bayu Dwi
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effect of noise on two-qubit quantum teleportation through a four-qubit entangled channel theoretically. Therefore, in this study a comparison of two states of teleportation through ideal and noisy channel was carried out. The noisy channel can have the effect of bit-flip channel and phase-flip channel. From these two effects, it is found that the channel transforms in-to a mixed state. If the noise is neglected, the channel is pure state. Then, this channel is measured and fidelity is calculated. The fidelity of an ideal environment is 1. This indicates that the teleportation was successfully sent and at the same time confirms the teleportation behavior under ideal conditions. In noisy environments, fidelity can be less than 1. Two factors in noisy environment that affect fidelity are noise factor (p) and the orginal parameter states (transmission coefficients). In this calculation, for the bit flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value increases. Meanwhile, for the phase flip noise, we observed that as the values of the coefficient values of transmitted state increase, the fidelity value decreases.
Light Management Investigation of Transparent DSSC based on Ln3+ ion doped BaO-ZnF2-B2O3-TeO2 Glass (Ln3+ = Dy3+/Sm37Eu3+) as UV Down-conversion Material
Authors: Yuliantini L , Nursam N M , Paramudita I , Pranoto L M , Shobih  , Hidayat J , Kaewkhao J , Djamal M
Published: April 2024

Solar irradiance to electrical energy conversion could be achieved via photoelectric effect using solar cells device. However, not all solar wavelengths could be captured and converted by the active layer of solar cell. The absorption limitation associated with the bandgap energy of solar cell active layer in the ultraviolet region (high photon energy) and infrared region (low photon energy) leads to 70% energy loss. Introducing a material that can convert higher photon energy to lower photon energy that is suitable with the bandgap energy of the solar cell provides a solution to this problem. In the present work, glass materials based on BaO, ZnF2, B2O3, TeO2, and Ln2O3 (Ln2O3 = Dy2O3, Sm2O3, and Eu2O3) were developed using conventional melt and quenching technique and applied as down-conversion (DC) element in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption spectra of Z907 as dye photosensitizer was measured as well as the absorption spectra of DC glass. The DC glass emission spectra were also investigated to know the compatibility between the absorption of solar cell and the emission band of the DC glass. The current-voltage of the DSSC was measured while placing the DC glass on top of the solar cell device. The electrical parameters, such as power conversion efficiency, fill factor, short-circuit current, and open-circuit voltage, were then determined to analyze the effect of DC glass application on the performance of DSSC. DC glass with 1.5Eu produced an efficiency of 2.03%, showing the best result among other lanthanide ions.
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Commercial Kappa-Carrageenan with Ammonium Chloride as Electrolyte in Organic Battery Application
Authors: Anisah  , Sari V K , Turnip M A F , Wulandari P , Rudati P S
Published: April 2024

In this research, we attempt to investigate the difference in physical and chemical characteristics of commercial kappa-carrageenan and purified kappa-carrageenan as electrolytes in organic battery applications. Kappa-carrageenan was used as a host polymer to prepare biopolymer electrolyte films and ammonium chloride was used to enhance the charge transport process in the electrolyte layer of the organic battery. We characterized the physical and chemical properties of commercial kappa-carrageenan and purified kappa-carrageenan by use of UV-Vis spectroscopy, tensile-test measurement, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy in the form of solution and thin film samples. The results show that commercial kappa-carrageenan shows the absorbance area in Ultraviolet range with a maximum peak at 286 nm, while the maximum absorbance peak of purified kappa-carrageenan is slightly shifted at 288 nm. The chemical characterization of both kappa-carrageenan based on FTIR and Raman spectra show no significant structural change between kappa-carrageenan with or without the addition of ammonium chloride. XRD diffraction confirms that commercial kappa-carrageenan is amorphous and kappa-carrageenan with ammonium chloride has high intensity with sharp peaks around 2θ = 32º. The morphology of the thin film of purified kappa-carrageenan seem has a rougher surface in comparison to the commercial kappa-carrageenan. We found commercial kappa-carrageenan with ammonium chloride has high conducting about 1.55 x 10-5 Scm-1. Tensile test measurements indicate that commercial kappa-carrageenan is more flexible for use as an organic battery than the purified kappa-carrageenan.
Facile Synthesis of Nanocomposite ZnO and Red Betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav)
Authors: Muflihah S A , Sustini E , Aimon A H , Permatasari F A , Abdullah M
Published: April 2024

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles is one of the most widely conducted research nowadays. The need for a facile and environmental synthesis method for nanomaterial is something interesting to develop. Red betel, which is a typical Indonesian herbal plant and abundant to find, has a phytochemicals property that potential application for bioreductors and capping agents. In this study, experiments were carried out with the aim of green synthesize nanocomposite ZnO-red betel leaves and studying their properties. The obtained powder was characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The results showed that the obtained sample is ZnO nanoparticles with uneven surfaces with diameter < 100 nm.
Clustering Of Regions With Potential For A Tsunami In Indonesia Using The DBSCAN Method (Data Study for 1822 – 2022)
Authors: Avisena  , Febrina Melany
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is a country comprising many islands and having an extensive coastline where coastal communities frequently engage in various activities. Tsunamis are a natural disaster risk in these coastal regions. This study aims to identify areas prone to tsunamis and analyze their characteristics using variables such as longitude, latitude, focal depth, and earthquake magnitude. The Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN) and OPTICS algorithms were used to group the tsunami datasets.
Validation of OpenMC Code Criticality Value Calculation for GFR Reactor with UN-PuN Fuel
Authors: Prasetya Fajri , Mabruri Ahmad Muzaki , Karomah Iklimatul , Syarifah Ratna Dewi , Aji Indarta Kuncoro , Trianti Nuri
Published: April 2024

The use of OpenMC code needs to be validated with other code, so that an accurate and valid criticality value is generated. The validation value is affected by the minimum number of particles used. Determination of the minimum number of particles is carried out by varying the number of particles so that they have a convergent value, which is in the range of 100-50000 particles. The results of determining the minimum number of particles are then used to find the minimum number of cycles consisting of active and inactive batches. This study uses the criticality value parameter in the form of an effective multiplication factor (k-eff) as a benchmark for code accuracy. The k-eff values generated by OpenMC and SRAC are then compared and the validation error value is searched. The error value is found by calculating the k-eff (Δk-eff) difference between the two codes. OpenMC code can be said to be validated if it has an error value of less than 1% against the calculation results of the SRAC code. The calculation results of determining the minimum number of particles show k-eff values in the range of 35000 - 50000 minimal changes significantly or not fluctuating. The calculation of k-eff and entropy in cycle 500 shows a convergent value at the active batch value of >30. Based on the data cycle, researchers used 100 active batches and 30 inactive batches to perform validation calculations. The results of the validation calculation using UN-PuN fuel with a plutonium material composition of 10% showed a maximum k-eff error value of 0.819%. The Δk-eff obtained is 0.008.
Explaining the muon g – 2 discrepancy by the two-Higgs-doublet model
Authors: Farhan M , Julio J , Kosasih J S
Published: April 2024

The anomalous magnetic dipole moment of muon (from now on called muon g – 2) is one of the precision measurements sensitive to new physics. Recent measurement, performed by the Muon g – 2 Collaboration of Fermilab, differs from the Standard Model (SM) value calculated by the Muon g – 2 Theory Initiative Group at the combined statistical significance of 5.1σ. Taking at face value, such discrepancy is caused by new physics. In this paper, we explain the discrepancy in the context of the two-Higgs-doublet model. We shall systematically classify every scenario that may induce muon g – 2. Their compatibility with relevant constraints, e.g. the oblique parameters and/or lepton-favor universality will also be discussed. We shall also show that the two-Higgs-doublet model can be extended to the Zee model, giving rise to radiative neutrino masses.
Degrade Methyl Orange by Combining Cu2O/Al2O3 and H2O2 as Catalyst
Authors: Song Zhen , Xing Yasheng , Song Wei
Published: April 2024

To efficiently degrade printing and dyeing wastewater at low costs, Cu2O/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by electrochemical method. Under its combined action with H2O2, photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange solution, as simulated wastewater, was carried out. With the aid of X-ray diffractometer, X-ray microanalysis system and scanning electron microscope, the structure and composition of catalyst film were designed by adjusting the electrochemical parameters, and the performance of photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation rate of methyl orange. It was found that after anodizing aluminum alloy for 2 h in a 2 mol/L H2SO4 solution under a voltage of 15 V, alumina film with reasonable pore size distribution could be prepared on the alloy surface. By electroplating the film in a 0.01 mol/L CuSO4 solution at 5°C, and then hydrothermally treating it at 200°C, the Cu2O/Al2O3 photocatalyst could be obtained. The prepared Cu2O/Al2O3 and 10% H2O2 were used jointly as photocatalyst to degrade 10 mg/L methyl orange solution for 480 min, which achieved a methyl orange degradation rate of up to 82.1%.
Improve the Insulation Performance of Anodic Coating by Plasma Discharge Treatment
Authors: Xing Yasheng , Song Zhen , Song Wei
Published: April 2024

Since the plasma discharge treatment has been applied for the insulation enhancement of anodic coatings, we explored how the current density impacted the coating insulation performance. SEM, XRD and electrochemical workstation were utilized for identifying the coating crystallinity, compactness and impedance. As demonstrated by results, the anodic coating is transformable into compact crystalline alumina at a 30-mA/cm2 current density, whose impedance is twice that of original anodic coating.
Study on the Stability of Hydrogen-Bonded Energetic Material 3-Nitropyrazole under High Pressure
Authors: Yu Zhiqing , Xu Yifei , Yan Tingting , Xi Dongyang , Jiang Ran , Zhang Dandan
Published: April 2024

The stability of hydrogen-bonded energetic material 3-nitropyrazole (3-NP, C3H3N3O2) under high pressure was studied using a diamond anvil cell, Raman spectrometer, and simulation calculation. Under the hydrostatic experimental pressure and simulated pressure of 10 GPa, the optical Raman spectra, the change of cell parameters, and the Hirshfeld surface energy of 3-NP were obtained respectively. The analysis of the measured Raman spectra shows that the structure is still in original phase at 10 GPa pressure. The effects of pressure on cell parameters, molecular arrangement, and hydrogen bonding were observed by simulation calculation. Systematic analysis of the subtle structural changes, anisotropic characteristics, and various interactions of 3-NP shows that the stability of 3-NP is related to the special trimer structure.
Plasma-based etching approach for GEM detector microfabrication at FBK for X-ray polarimetry in space
Authors: Lega A. , Novel D. , Facchinelli T. , Sgrò C. , Baldini L. , Minuti M. , Boscardin M. , Pepponi G. , Iuppa R. , Hall-Wilton R. , Latronico L.
Published: April 2024

Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors are crucial for enabling high-resolution X-ray polarization of astrophysical sources when coupled to custom pixel readout ASIC in Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD), as in the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), the Polarlight cubesat pathfinder and the PFA telescope onboard the future large enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) Chinese mission. The R&D efforts of the IXPE collaboration have resulted in mature GPD technology. However, limitations in the classical wet-etch or laser-drilled fabrication process of GEMs motivated our exploration of alternative methods. This work focuses on investigating a plasma-based etching approach for fabricating GEM patterns at Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK). The objective is to improve the aspect ratio of the GEM holes, to mitigate the charging of the GEM dielectric which generates rate-dependent gain changes. Unlike the traditional wet-etch process, Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) enables more vertical etching profiles and thus better aspect ratios. Moreover, the RIE process promises to overcome non-uniformities in the GEM hole patterns which are believed to cause systemic effects in the azimuthal response of GPDs equipped with either laser-drilled or wet-etch GEMs. We present a GEM geometry with 20 μm in diameter and 50 μm pitch, accompanied by extensive characterization (SEM and PFIB) of the structural features and aspect ratios. The collaboration with INFN Pisa and Turin enabled us to compare the electrical properties of these detectors and test their performance in their use as electron multipliers in GPDs. Although this R&D work is in its initial stages, it holds promise for enhancing the sensitivity of the IXPE mission in X-ray polarimetry measurements through GEM pattern with more vertical hole profiles. The outcomes of this study have the potential to advance the current technological platforms and improve the capabilities of future space-based X-ray polarimetry missions.