bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Estimation Models for Post Mortem Interval using Total Body Score and Accumulated Degree Days for Different Geographical Regions
Authors: Adheke Oghenefego Michael , Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese
Published: September 2023

Post mortem interval (PMI) is the period since death of human or animal remains upon discovery. The study of decomposition of remains in forensic sciences has grown tremendously in recent years, hence, a good number of studies have provided taphonomic data on the prediction of PMI of decomposing cadaver remains using variables such as accumulated degree days (ADDs) and total body score (TBS). Mathematically, ADDs is the summations of mean daily ambient temperatures from the possible time of death to date of discovery of remains. Total body score is a quantitative variable used to evaluate whole body qualitative changes in the decomposition of such remains. Quantitative methods have been shown to provide a more objective and standardized assessment of decomposition. However, the question of a universal PMI model has been a difficult one to answer because of environmental variations within and between various regions in the world such as temperature, humidity, and presence of scavengers. These variations make it difficult to establish precise timelines for decomposition stages based solely on qualitative assessments. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to quantitatively review the impact of accumulated degree days and total body score from decomposition processes on the estimation of PMI and an attempt will be made to provide PMI models from various researches around the world.
Predicting the Effect of Digitalization and Brand Trust on Customers’ Saving Intention of Islamic Banking
Authors: Febriyanti Riska , Rahmadina Aisyah Nur , Imro'ah Wulidatul , Slamet  , Vania Amelindha
Published: September 2023

Aims: This study aims to determine the effect of digitalization on customers' saving intention of Islamic banking and also the mediating effect of brand trust on customers' saving effect.

Study Design: This research was conducted using a quantitative research methods. The results of the research in the form of numbers are described in the form of interpretations of words and sentences so that they are clearly understood.

Place of Study: The respondents in this study were 130 customers of Bank Syariah Indonesia located in Malang City.

Methodology: The sampling technique in the research uses the Purposive Sampling method, where samples are taken based on the 13 indicators in this research so that the minimum number of samples that must be used in the research is 130 responses. The data collection process was carried out by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis techniques in the form of descriptive analysis using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) and mediation testing are carried out by bootstrapping operated using SmartPLS version 4.

Results: The results of this study show that Digitalization and Brand Trust have a significant influence on Customer Interest in Saving at Bank Syariah Indonesia Malang City. Brand Trust is able to mediate the relationship of digitalization variables to customer interest in saving at Bank Syariah Indonesia, and Furthermore digitalization is the most dominant variable compared to other variables.

Conclusion: Innovative digitalization at Bank Syariah Indonesia can reflect excellence in providing modern and efficient services. Digitalization which can be accessed via mobile applications also makes it easy for customers to make transactions and manage their savings from anywhere and at any time. This convenience can increase brand trust because customers feel that Bank Syariah Indonesia provides solutions that make customers' lives easier.
Restructuring the Public Relations Capacity of the Statistics, Informatics and Encryption Communication Service in South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Padolo Amson , Rifdan  , Samad Sulaiman
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyses the description of institutional structure and human resources for public relations, internal and external factors and to offer a public relations hypothetical model. This study used a descriptive qualitative method, which was carried out at the Department. Informants Informed purposively with consideration of internal and external representation of the Office. Data obtained by observation, interview, and document analysis techniques. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative interactive techniques between data collection, data reduction, data presentation, verification and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show: (1) An overview of the institutional structure and human resources of Public Relations, (2) Internal and external factors that become drivers and obstacles in the development of public relations capacity stem from internal strength, namely the existence of a number of authorities (publication, follow up, and decision-making) owned by the Dinas and external opportunities supported by the local government. While the internal obstacles are the strong interest of political parties in public services and external challenges, namely community participation in responding to educational posts that are still lacking, and (3) The hypothetical model of structuring the capacity of public relations that is applicable has not been realized, so it will not meet the target if its implementation is not compatible with digitization.
Evaluation of Four Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Using Drought Tolerance Indices
Authors: Moussa OUMAROU ABDOULAYE , Bil-Assanou ISSOUFOU Hassane , Zaman-Allah MAINASSARA Abdou
Published: September 2023

Drought tolerance is not often considered as an independent trait by breeders. The objective of this study was to evaluate and identify drought tolerant genotypes using eight drought tolerance indices namely the Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), the YSI, the YR (Yr), yield index (YI), tolerance index (TOL), average productivity (MP), mean geometric productivity (GMP) and stress tolerance index (STI) of maize genotypes (Zea mays L.). A field trial was conducted to evaluate four genotypes during the hot dry season of 2016 and 2017 at the irrigated perimeter of Djirataoua. Drought tolerance indices were calculated on the basis of yield under optimal and stressed conditions. The comparison of the means of drought tolerance demonstrated the effects of drought on yield and showed significant differences between genotypes. The correlation coefficient and principal component analysis showed that the GMP, MP and STI indices were able to discriminate drought-sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Two genotypes CZH131001 and CZH142013 produced high grain yield under both optimal and stressed conditions. Overall, GMP, MP, and STI indices can be used as effectively drought tolerance screening indices and able to identify better genotypes, suitable for both optimal and stress conditions.
The Metagenomic Characterization of Bacterial Community in Aquacultured Shrimp Penaeus monodon
Authors: Dini Chandran C. S.  , Sivadasan Rekha
Published: September 2023

Aquaculture has grown rapidly during the last few decades due to research and developmental activities but we are still unaware of the various microbial species thriving within the aquaculture systems and their specific roles for knowing that Mmetagenomics study required environmental sample to discover the unexplored microbial community. The aim of this present study is to characterize the gut microbiota of giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon collected gut sample and16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing revealed distinct and diverse microbial communities. The results showed a high abundance of Betaproteobacteria, followed by Alphaproteobacteria, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli found in the gut sample Microbes that play essential roles in nutrient cycling and mineralization of organic compounds such as Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria could also be identified. Due to the strong influence of the gut microbiota on fish health, dominant bacterial species in the gut are strong candidates for probiotics. These findings provide valuable information on the microbial community and contribute to controlling the diseases in shrimp farms.
Life Experiences of People with Albinism in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Moseki-Lowani Tendani , Maripe Kgosietsile , Mpapho Onkabetse
Published: September 2023

It has been observed that, despite the efforts by various stakeholders to raise awareness on oculocutaneous albinism and research around the issue globally, regionally, and nationally, stigma and marginalization plague many communities in Botswana. The study explores the life experiences of people with albinism. It draws from the direct testimony of people with albinism. In addition, the study contributes to existing knowledge on a visible disability more than its physical and mental limitations. Thus, it promotes awareness of what appearance means cross-culturally and suggest ways in which the situation could be addressed and enhanced.
Study on Arboreal Floristic Diversity, Phytosociology and Conservation Strategy of Endangered Species in Chandi Beat of Majathal Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumari Krishna , Verma R. K. , Kumar Ranjeet , Thakur Ashish
Published: September 2023

Himachal Pradesh, a land of snow-abode mountains is significant for its natural wealth and unique habitat, flora, and fauna. Majathal Wildlife Sanctuary, the site of the present study was located in Solan and Shimla districts (Wildlife Division, Shimla) of Himachal Pradesh spread over an area of 37.71 sq km. Phytosociological studies for arboreal flora were conducted in the Chandi beat, of the sanctuary by using the quadrate method and quantitative analysis. The altitude of this beat varied from 625m to 1960m amsl. Total number of plant species recorded in the study area was 155, belonging to 46 families and 97 genera. The dominant families included Fabaceae, Moraceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, and Rosaceae. Pinus roxburghii recorded the highest value of IVI and is the most dominant tree species in the forest followed by Quercus leucotrichophora. Results revealed that the range of Concentration of dominance (C) 0.04-0.06, Index of Diversity (H) 2.55-3.58, Richness index (R) 3.47-7.78 and Evenness Index (E) 0.84-0.93 was for trees and range of Concentration of dominance (C) 0.03-0.04, Index of Diversity (H) 3.37-3.86, Richness index (R) 6.22-6.12 and Evenness Index (E) 0.91-0.93 for shrubs at different elevation in Chandi beat. There were three woody plant species found as threatened category plant according to CAMP, 2013 i.e., Pleurolobus gangeticus, Oroxylum indicum and Zanthoxylum armatum which require conservation efforts suggested except Zanthoxylum armatum which has shown a good population in nature. Phytosocial and floristic diversity study on woody plants was not done before in this sanctuary so it will provide baseline information on the biodiversity status of the woody vegetation of the sanctuary and encourage conservation efforts, sustainable utilization of resources, and bio-perspective.
Assessment of Post Emergence Herbicide Efficacy for Drone Spraying in Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Naveen L. , Bhatt P. Spandana , Rekha K. Bhanu , Ramprakash T.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Centre, Agriculture Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif, (2022) to assess the post emergence herbicide efficacy for drone spraying in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 7 treatments and replicated thrice. Results revealed that among different doses of herbicidal treatments, post emergence application of penoxsulam 1.02% + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1% OD @ 180 g a.i ha-1using drone recorded highest number of tillers at harvest, plant height at harvest, number of panicles at harvest, grain yield and low weed dry matter at 60 DAT. It was statistically on par with application of penoxsulam 1.02% + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1% OD @ 120 g a.i ha-1 using knapsack sprayer, application of penoxsulam 1.02% + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1% OD @ 150 g a.i ha-1 using drone, and application of penoxsulam 1.02% + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1% OD @ 120 g a.i ha-1 using drone followed by application of penoxsulam 1.02% + cyhalofop-butyl 5.1% OD @ 90 g a.i ha-1 using drone followed by unweeded control.
Screening of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes against Drought Stress Employing Polyethylene Glycol 6000 as Selecting Agent
Authors: Asati Ruchi , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Sushma , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Chauhan Shailja , Tripathi Niraj , Solanki R. S. , Sikarwar R. S.
Published: September 2023

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) stands as a prominent legume crop globally, renowned for its elevated protein content. The primary challenges to chickpea cultivation emanate from abiotic stressors, with drought reigning as the most pivotal contributor to diminished growth and production output. To select putative drought tolerant genotype (s), an in vitro screening method was deployed, utilizing different concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) as selecting agent along with control. Seeds of twenty different genotypes were treated with different concentrations of PEG6000 and observations were recorded for shoot length (cm), root length (cm), germination percentage, relative water content, seedling vigour index and stress tolerance index (STI). Evidently, all assessed attributes exhibited a significant reduction commensurate with the augmentation of PEG6000. This trend detrimentally influenced germination and the entirety of seedling growth-related metrics. Furthermore, the distinction in variability across genotypes concerning germination percentage, vigour index, and stress tolerance index (STI) emerged as vigorous and informative standards for discriminating drought-tolerant chickpea genotype (s) during both germination and seedling phases. Investigative findings spotlighted the drought-tolerant disposition of genotypes, where genotypes viz., SAGL152252, ICC4958, and JG315 found to be putative drought tolerant based on different parameters investigated.
Enhancing Zn and Fe Content in Blackgram Seeds by Adapting Drip Fertigation for Nutritional Security
Authors: Logeswaran S. , Marimuthu S. , Singh R. Durai , Kannan P. , Shanmuganathan M. , Gurusamy A.
Published: September 2023

Aims: To study the influence of Zn and Fe content in black gram seeds by adapting drip fertigation.

Study Design: Randomized Block design.

Place and Duration of Study: Research block, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai; March – May 2023.

Methodology: A Field experiment was conducted with black gram var.VBN 8 under drip irrigation on sandy clay textured soil. The treatments comprised of control measures, seed treatment, soil application, foliar spraying of Zn and Fe, a combination of seed and foliar spraying, and fertigation with ZnSO4 and FeSO4. Fertigation with the 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK was given as water-soluble fertilizer for all treatments. A field-based study was executed to explore the impact of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate on the growth, yield, and grain quality of micronutrient uptake was recorded. The economics and Water Use Efficiency of different treatments were also calculated.

Results: Among the different treatments, the application of ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1and FeSO4 @ 10 kg ha-1 through drip fertigation at 15, 30 & 45 DAS recorded the highest plant growth and yield of black gram and it also enhanced the zinc content 17.72 per cent and iron content 23.82 per cent in black gram seeds compared to the control seeds.

Conclusion: Drip fertigation of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate improved grain quality, and it was also used to alleviate malnutrition in humans.
Seroprevalence and Evaluation of IgM and NS1 Ag Detection for Early Diagnosis of Dengue Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jain Charu , Birhman Nikita , Sinha Swati , Shah Anshdha , Das Shukla , Singh N. P. , Mathur Poonam , Mogha Narendra Singh , Kashyap Divya
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Dengue fever, a mosquito borne illness, have grown to pose a serious danger to public health systems in developing nations. The Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flavivirus genus has four serotypes that cause the disease which range in severity from subclinical infections to severe disease with high morbidity & mortality. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of dengue fever cases in a tertiary care hospital from East- Delhi region.

Material & Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Microbiology at UCMS & GTBH. The data was collected from laboratory records from a period of Jan 2019 to December 2019.

Results: A total of 1449 clinically suspected cases of dengue were tested for the presence of NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies by capture ELISA. This study showed 32.22% (467/1449) seropositivity of dengue infection. Out of 1272, a total of 456 samples were positive for NS1 Ag ELISA. Whereas, out of 177, a total 11 samples were positive for IgM ELISA.

Observation: The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt management of dengue cases to prevent severe disease and reduce morbidity and mortality. This underscores the need for increased awareness, early detection, and appropriate management of dengue fever in endemic areas. especially during the peak months of October and November.
Chemotherapy-Induced Rhesus Blood Group Switch in Pleomorphic Sarcoma Patient during Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma (NRSTS) Chemotherapy Protocol, Cycle 5
Authors: Widiyastuti Riani , Limijadi Edward Kurnia Setiawan
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Changes in Rhesus blood group during cancer treatment are very rare. The Rhesus blood group is a genetic characteristic that usually remains for a lifetime. In this case, a child experiences a Rhesus change during treatment of pleomorphic sarcoma using Non Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma (NRSTS) therapy, which includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The side effects of chemotherapy on red blood cells may cause changes to the Rhesus antigen.

Case: A 17-year-old boy underwent chemotherapy with a history of blood transfusion for 9 times using A Rhesus negative blood. However, the latest crossmatch examination showed his blood group was weak A Rhesus positive. The patient was then given a transfusion of A Rhesus positive blood which was considered compatible. Before transfusion, the patient was given a corticosteroid injection premedication and monitored for 2 weeks.

Conclusion: Pleomorphic sarcoma treatment, such as chemotherapy, has the potential to affect the expression of Rhesus antigen. Alkylating agents can replace hydrogen atoms with alkyl radicals, which can modify chemical groups and change the normal sequence of the polypeptide chain which can alter the expression of the Rhesus antigen.
Comparative Cost and Design of Solid, Ribbed and Waffle Slab for a Three-storey Shopping Complex Using Prota, Orion and Spreadsheet
Authors: Salami A. , Garba A. , Adamu I. A.
Published: September 2023

Cost is an important factor in choosing the type of floor or slab used in any construction. When a large space within a building needs to be covered without hindrance and supports, waffle or ribbed slabs are used. For all slab systems, the cost constitutes a significant portion of the overall cost of the structure. Therefore, this research aims to select a preferable slab system with the least construction cost for a shopping mall. Computer-aided design software such as Prota 2018 and Orion 2018 was used for analysis and design, and RCC spreadsheets were used to manually check the slabs. The results reveal that the Solid floor slab has more concrete volume and steel than the waffle, and the rib consumes the lowest least volume of concrete and steel among the three slab systems. Therefore, the rib slab is the most economical of the three slab systems since it uses the least concrete and reinforcement. The cost of a floor slab system ranges from 12 to 17% of the structural cost in building works, the percentages of the cost of the slab in a floor system is 17.84% for solid slabs system, 13.65% for rib slabs and 12.48% for waffle slabs of the total cost of a structure. It can therefore be concluded that using rib slab saves 17.95% and 7.46% of the construction sum when compared to solid slab and waffle slab construction systems respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that ribbed slabs should be used for commercial building construction with more than 5KN/m2 live load in commercial buildings that spans up to 15m and more.
Vaccine and Adjuvant Mediated Autoimmunity
Authors: Shnawa Ibrahim M. S.
Published: September 2023

The macrophage, natural killer cells, B and T cells are the outstanding formed elements of human immune system. In normal immune homeostatic state these cells in a way or other recognize the host body components as self via the immune surveillance mechanisms. Though when there was a shift in immune homeostasis due to  chronic induction by; i - environmental stimulus, ii –interplay of predisposing genetic elements, iii-family history, iv – bystander pathologic inflammatory system .Immune cells becomes prone to recognize the impart self or self as a non-self with subsequent induction of autoimmune diseases. The present opinion paper was aimed at vaccine and adjuvant mediated autoimmune diseases. Timelines for vaccine and adjuvant induced autoimmunity were made. Different human approved vaccines induce different autoimmune disease, more than on vaccine may induce same autoimmune disease. Shoenfeld Syndrome, the adjuvant induce autoimmune/ inflammatory syndrome. Under the umbrella of this syndrome five conditions grouped as; i – Postvaccination with an adjuvanated vaccine, ii – macrophagic myofasciitis, iii – sick building disease condition iv – Gulf war disease condition and v – siliconosis. Protocol for the practical evaluation of these diseases was suggested. Understanding Shoenfeld Syndrome is crucial for producing vaccines with a safer side effect profile.
Screening of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Isolates from Red Sea Coast in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsalmi Mohannad A. , Altayb Hisham N.
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem worldwide. There is little data on the incidence, sources, and importance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the Red Sea coast of Jeddah. This study aims to identify drug-resistant microbes found on the Red Sea coast in Jeddah and to screen their resistance profile against different antibiotics.

Methodology: Forty-eight samples were obtained from different locations on the Red Sea coast in Jeddah. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against the following antibiotic discs (Oxoid): cefotaxime (CTX) (30g); meropenem (MEM) (10g); gentamicin (CN) (10g) and chloramphenicol (C) (30g).

Results: The isolates showed resistance to Gentamicin 10 mcg (39.47%; 15/38), Cefotaxime 30 mcg (18.42%; 7/38), Meropenem 10 mcg (0%; 0/38) and Chloramphenicol 30 mcg (5.26%; 2/38).

Conclusion: From this study there is a high resistance rate to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and gentamicin 39%. This research has substantiated the existence of a substantial prevalence of resistance to various microbial agents within our environment, specifically within the Red Sea in Jeddah. We propose conducting future studies across diverse geographic regions, utilizing extensive sample sizes, to gain a deeper insight into the potential impact of environmental factors and pollution on the propagation of drug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, the identification of these bacterial strains is essential for understanding their characteristics and devising strategies to combat them effectively, thereby assisting in curtailing their proliferation.
Utilizing Big Data Analytics and Business Intelligence for Improved Decision-Making at Leading Fortune Company
Authors: Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Abalaka Anthony Idoko , Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo
Published: September 2023

The present study evaluates Walmart’s existing big data analytics with business intelligence techniques, accentuating their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests improvements for implementation and maintenance through the literature review of the scholarly journals addressing similar topics. Big data analytics is receiving loads of attention globally in the business environment within every sector of the economy.  Incorporating the job plan as an additional input component in their models would be beneficial for Walmart to improve the precision and appropriateness of their data analysis and decision-making procedures. Walmart is a company that heavily invests in utilizing big data to improve its operations; this includes optimizing in-store experiences and predicting product trends. Scholarly articles emphasize the importance of advanced data analytics tools like MapReduce and Apache Spark for effective big data strategies. Social media content influences engagement and sentiment. Social network data aids sales forecasting but presents challenges. Big data analytics with business intelligence enhances performance and decision-making. Walmart's success in big data analytics relies on a data-driven culture but faces security challenges. Many Fortune 1000 companies adopt innovative solutions to improve performance and customer experiences but require significant resources. Embracing big data analytics with business intelligence remains a compelling investment for sustaining a competitive edge. Walmart's success in big data analytics is due to a data-driven culture and advanced infrastructure, including the Data Café.
Ex-Ex-Manifesto Lésbico-Cristão
Authors: Pádua Freire Ana Ester
Published: September 2023

Manifesto escrito por uma reverenda sapatão com o terço na pochete.
Care for Patients With a History of Immigration
Authors: Wheeler Margaret , Gutierrez Juan Raul , Fernandez Alicia
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Insights explores how considering clinical factors and/or potential exposures during the premigration, migration, and postmigration phases of immigration could help clinicians more effectively treat patients born outside the US.
The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines—Time for Real Progress
Authors: Mozaffarian Dariush
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans report and highlights some of the topics reviewed, including ultraprocessed foods and reduced-fat vs whole-fat dairy.
Control of Torque Ripple and Rotor Position for SRM (8/6‐4 Phases) Using an Optimization‐Based Model Predictive Torque Control
Authors: Pawar Jayshree Dasharath , Nikose Mangesh D.
Published: January 2025

Most electric cars and wind turbines employ switched reluctance motors (SRM), but it has some disadvantages, namely high torque ripple because of its power supply mode and multiphase communication. Model predictive torque control (MPTC) with sailfish optimization (SFO) method is proposed to reduce torque ripple of SRM using torque sharing function (TSF). To develop an efficient torque ripple algorithm, the flux‐linkage characteristic curves are first acquired at protected rotor trial and create an accurate SRM model. It predicts future operation for drive system in SRM architecture. Second, the SFO algorithm is employed to enhance TSF parameters also to minimize the torque value of SRM. Then, the TSF‐based MPTC method is developed to avoid problem like conversion of frequency produced by controller. Finally, atom search optimization (ASO) is used to adjust sensor for correct rotor position of the SRM. To verify the performance of the proposed method, MPTC‐SFO is compared with direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) method. Proposed MPTC‐SFO method attained more efficient result of 12.79% reduced torque ripple than DITC.
Integration of Cobalt Ferromagnetic Control Gates for Electrical and Magnetic Manipulation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Bersano Fabio , Aldeghi Michele , Martinolli Niccolò , Boureau Victor , Aboud Thibault , Ghini Michele , Scarlino Pasquale , Salis Gian , Ionescu Adrian M.
Published: January 2025

The rise of electron spin qubit architectures for quantum computing processors has led to a strong interest in designing and integrating ferromagnets to induce stray magnetic fields for electron dipole spin resonance (EDSR). The integration of nanomagnets imposes, however, strict layout and processing constraints, challenging the arrangement of different gating layers and the control of neighboring qubit frequencies. This work reports a successful integration of nano‐sized cobalt control gates into a multi‐gate fully‐depleted silicon‐on‐insulator (FDSOI) nanowire with nanometer‐scale dot‐to‐magnet pitch, simultaneously exploiting electrical and ferromagnetic properties of the gate stack at nanoscale. The electrical characterization of the multi‐gate nanowire exhibits full field effect functionality of all ferromagnetic gates from room temperature to 10 mK, proving quantum dot formation when ferromagnets are operated as barrier gates. The front‐end‐of‐line (FEOL) compatible integration of cobalt is examined by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and high/low frequency capacitance characterization, confirming the quality of interfaces and control over material diffusion. Insights into the magnetic properties of thin films and patterned control‐gates are provided by vibrating sample magnetometry and electron holography measurements. Micromagnetic simulations anticipate that this structure fulfills the requirements for EDSR driving for magnetic fields higher than 1 T, where a homogeneous magnetization along the hard magnetic axis of the Co gates is expected. The FDSOI architecture showcased in this study provides a scalable alternative to micromagnets deposited in the back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) and middle‐of‐line (MOL) processes, while bringing technological insights for the FEOL‐compatible integration of Co nanostructures in spin qubit devices.
Bioprinted Fibroblast Mediated Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironment for Studying Tumor‐Stroma Interaction and Drug Screening
Authors: Chen You , Xue Yifan , Yan Cong , Jin Jinlong , Liu Yadong , Li Jing , Han Shuai , Liu Jie
Published: January 2025

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer growth, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Developing an effective in vitro tumor model that accurately recapitulates the dynamic interplay between tumor and stromal cells remains a challenge. In this study, a 3D bioprinted fibroblast ‐ mediated heterogeneous breast tumor model was created, with tumor cells and fibroblasts in a bionic matrix. The impact of transforming growth factor‐β （TGF‐β） on the dynamic transformation of normal fibroblasts into CAFs and its subsequent influence on tumor cells is further investigated. These findings reveales a profound correlation between CAFs and several critical biological processes, including epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, gene expression profiles, and tumor progression. Furthermore, tumor models incorporating CAFs exhibits reduced drug sensitivity compared to models containing tumor cells alone or models co‐cultured with normal fibroblasts. These results underscore the potential of the in vitro fibroblast‐mediated heterogeneous tumor model to simulate real‐life physiological conditions, thereby offering a more effective drug screening platform for elucidating tumor pathogenesis and facilitating drug design prior to animal and clinical trials. This model's establishment promotes the understanding of tumor‐stromal interactions and their therapeutic implications.
Solvothermal Template‐Induced Hierarchical Porosity in Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Pathway to Enhanced Diffusivity
Authors: Heck Fabian , Grunenberg Lars , Schnabel Nadine , Heilmaier Amelie , Sottmann Thomas , Yao Liang , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in recent years has firmly established them as a new class of molecularly precise and highly tuneable porous materials. However, compared to other porous materials, such as zeolites and metal‐organic frameworks, the successful integration of hierarchical porosity into COFs remains largely unexplored. The challenge lies in identifying appropriate synthetic methods to introduce secondary pores without compromising the intrinsic structural porosity of COFs. In this study, a template‐induced synthetic methodology is realized to facilitate the construction of hierarchically porous COFs (hCOFs). This novel approach utilizes commercially available zinc oxide nanoparticles as a hard template, enabling to increase the total pore volume of a series of β‐ketoenamine‐linked COFs as well as an imine‐based COF while preserving their surface areas. In addition to transmission electron microscopy and gas adsorption analyses, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are employed to investigate the hierarchical porosity and diffusivity of guest molecules within hCOFs. This study demonstrates that the hierarchically porous nature of hCOFs significantly reduces diffusion limitations, thus leading to simultaneous enhancements in adsorption capacity, diffusivity, and catalytic performance.
A Tribo/Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Bio‐MOFs for Energy Harvesting and Antibacterial Wearable Device
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Su Peipei , Lin Zhang , Li Xiaolin , Chen Kangbo , Ye Tingting , Li Yaping , Zou Yang , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

New types of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials have great potential in solving the current global dilemma on energy, environment, and medical care. Herein, based on two kinds of biomolecule‐MOFs (Bio‐MOFs) with favorable biocompatibility and degradation‐reconstruction characteristics, we have established a self‐powered muti‐functional device to achieve an efficient and broad‐spectrum environmental energy collection and biomedical applications. Combining Zn(II) and carnosine‐based Zn‐Car_MOF possessing a high piezoelectric response (d33 = 11.17 pm V−1) with patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a tribo‐piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator (TPHG) is constructed with a synergy output of triboelectric and piezoelectric effects. The Zn‐Car_TPHG demonstrates a high output performance (131 V at 100 kPa) and a wide range of pressure response (1 Pa–100 kPa), possessing applications in environmental energy collection and biomedical sensors. To expand the application of the wearable device, a conductive hexagonal prism MOF (Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 (Cu‐HHTP)) is synthesized and employed to load thymol (Thy). Cooperating with Zn‐Car_TPHG, the resulting Cu‐HHTP/Thy can achieve an efficient self‐powered ROS (singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (·OH)) generation and drug synergistic broad‐spectrum sterilization effect (efficiency ≥ 98%). In a word, the flexible wearable device based on the muti‐functional Bio‐MOFs is sustainable and environmentally friendly, possessing wide application potential in fields of environmental energy collection, biosensors, and self‐powered antibacterial.
Dual‐Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors Based on Laser‐Scribed Graphene for Detecting Dopamine and Glutamate
Authors: Yao Yao , Alimardani Farzam , Ren Ping , Dong Jingyan , Lee SungHo , Lee Yuan‐Shin , Wang Yi
Published: January 2025

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are gaining significant attention due to their high sensitivity, customizability, ease of integration, and low‐cost manufacturing. In this paper, we design and develop a flexible dual‐gate OECT based on laser‐scribed graphene (LSG) with modified OECT gates for the detection of dopamine and glutamate, two critical neurotransmitters (NTs). The developed OECTs are fully carbon‐based and environmentally friendly. By modifying the gates of OECTs with biopolymer chitosan and L‐Glutamate oxidase enzyme, highly selective and sensitive measurements are successfully achieved with detection limits of 5 nm for dopamine and 1 µm for glutamate, respectively. The modified dual‐gate shows no interference between the detections of two neurotransmitters, making it a promising tool for customized multi‐neurotransmitter analysis. The results demonstrate the potential of LSG‐based OECTs in customizable biosensing applications, offering a flexible, cost‐effective platform for biomedical disorder diagnostics.
Polypropylene Mesh Coated with Dual Cross‐Linked Hyaluronic Acid/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Hydrogel with Antiadhesion and Angiogenesis Properties for Abdominal Wall Repair
Authors: Wei Dandan , Jiao Guanhua , Tao Yinghua , Yang Liuxin , Liu Tao , Jing Fengya , Zhang Tianzhu
Published: January 2025

Development of an antiadhesion polypropylene (PP) mesh in hernia repair is a recognized need because its efficacy is limited by severe abdominal adhesions. The porous structure of PP mesh can facilitate the integration between prosthetic material and abdominal tissue and promote the repair of abdominal wall defect. Herein, an antiadhesion composite hydrogel coating composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) is fabricated on the surface of PP mesh through ultraviolet photopolymerization combined with freezing–thawing method. The resulted composite hydrogel coated PP mesh retain 43.33% of the pore structure by this way. In vitro tests proved the as‐prepared PP mesh exhibit excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the hydrogel coating shows good stability on the surface of PP mesh in phosphate buffered saline medium. After implantation in a rat abdominal wall defect model, the modified PP mesh effectively prevents the formation of adhesion by reducing inflammatory response and suppressing excessive deposition of collagen fiber. Immunohistochemical staining results demonstrate that the modified PP mesh can not only decrease the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and CD68 but also promote the expression of CD31. Thus, this type of PP mesh with preventing postoperative adhesions and improving angiogenesis may be a promising clinical prosthetic material.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective and Para‐Selective Addition of Phenols to 1‐Alkynylnaphth‐2‐Ols
Authors: Dahiya Anjali , Dhara Kalyan , Garo Jordan , Gicquiaud Julien , Karnat Alexandre , Berlande Murielle , Hermange Philippe , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Toullec Patrick Y.
Published: January 2025

A chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral alkenes was developed via an enantioselective and para‐selective Friedel–Crafts reaction between phenols and 1‐alkynylnaphth‐2‐ols. This methodology features an efficient hydroarylation with high functional group tolerance, complete para‐selectivity, excellent yields (up to 99%), and enantioselectivities (up to 94% ee) in the presence of a N‐triflylphosphoramide catalyst. DFT calculations were performed to investigate para‐selectivity and results indicate that both kinetics and thermodynamics parameters are more favorable compared to ortho‐selectivity.
Effect of Sulfates on the Reaction Pathway Over CeO2‐Based Catalyst for NH3‐SCR
Authors: Song Zhongxian , Guo Ruihua , Zhang Mengru , Liu Hongpan , Mao Yanli , Huang Zhenzhen , Gu Deming , Kang Haiyan , Zhang Jinhui , Zhang Xuejun
Published: January 2025

CeO2‐H2SO4 (C‐S), CeO2‐TiO2 (C‐T), and CeO2‐TiO2‐H2SO3 (C‐T‐S) were used for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3‐SCR). Nearly 100% NOx conversion of C‐T‐S was achieved at 250°C–450°C. When the concentration of Ce2(SO4)3 was excessively high, it causes tightly binding with Ce3+ ions in CeO2, prevents some Ce3+ ions from effectively participating in redox reactions, and results in the inferior SCR activity. Consequently, C‐T‐S possessed the superior catalytic performance due to the optimal content of sulfates. Furthermore, the presence of NO2 facilitated the rapid SCR reaction on C‐T‐S, thereby further enhancing the catalytic activity. Additionally, the formation of Ce2(SO4)3 on C‐T‐S could increase the number of acid sites, particularly Brönsted acid sites, resulting in the improvement of SCR performance. C‐S, C‐T, and C‐T‐S mainly followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H).
Nickel‐Doped h‐MoO3 Cathodes: A High‐Performance Material for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Almodóvar Paloma , Álvarez‐Serrano Inmaculada , Llorente Irene , López María Luisa , Chacón Joaquín , Díaz‐Guerra Carlos
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel method for the effective doping of hexagonal molybdenum trioxide (h‐MoO3) microstructures with different contents of nickel, significantly enhancing its electrochemical performance in aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs). Ni doping does not alter the high crystallinity and phase purity of the pristine oxide but modifies its defective structure and electronic properties. Electrochemical tests, including cyclic voltammograms and charge–discharge cycling, showed improvements in capacity and stability for Ni‐doped samples as compared with undoped ones. Moreover, the incorporation of Ni was found to enhance the structural integrity and electrochemical stability of h‐MoO3, preventing the formation of intermediate phases during cycling and reducing resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The existence of an optimal Ni doping of about 1 at% is evidenced. Samples with this Ni content attain a stabilized specific capacity of 230 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles, doubling that reported in previous works for h‐MoO3 composites with carbon nanotubes. Nickel‐doped h‐MoO3 shows exciting potential for advanced AIB applications, paving the way for further energy storage technology advancements.
Final Analysis of Post‐Marketing Surveillance for Avelumab + Axitinib in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma in Japan
Authors: Nonomura Norio , Ito Taito , Sato Masashi , Morita Makiko , Ogi Mie , Kajita Masahiro , Oya Mototsugu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Avelumab, an anti‐programmed death ligand 1 antibody, was approved in combination with axitinib for curatively unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Japan in December 2019. Because the pivotal JAVELIN Renal 101 study included a limited number of Japanese patients, post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) was required to evaluate outcomes (safety and effectiveness) in patients with RCC who received avelumab + axitinib treatment in clinical practice in Japan.

Materials and Methods

We report data from prospective, noncomparative, multicenter, observational PMS in patients with RCC who received ≥ 1 dose of avelumab. Patients were enrolled between December 2019 (date of regulatory approval) and May 2021. The primary objective was to evaluate safety, defined as adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of safety specifications occurring during an observation period of ≤ 52 weeks for each patient. The secondary objective was to evaluate effectiveness, including best overall response and overall survival (OS).

Results

In total, 328 patients were included in the safety and effectiveness analysis sets. Overall, 173 patients (52.7%) had ADRs of safety specifications of any grade, most commonly thyroid dysfunction (n = 69 [21.0%]), infusion reaction (n = 65 [19.8%]), and hepatic disorders (n = 45 [13.7%]). Objective responses occurred in 118 patients (36.0%), including complete or partial responses in 13 (4.0%) and 105 (32.0%), respectively; the disease control rate was 75.6%. The 12‐month OS rate was 83.7% (95% CI, 78.9%–87.4%).

Discussion

This PMS confirmed the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of avelumab + axitinib in patients with RCC in clinical practice in Japan, with a benefit–risk profile comparable to that observed in clinical trials.
Self‐Immobilizing Fluorogenic Probe for In Situ Labeling of Granzyme B Activity in Host Immune Response to Bacterial Infections
Authors: Wei Rao , Lei Ling , Wu Ling-Ling , Zhang Leilei , Hu Hai-Yu
Published: January 2025

Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by drug‐resistant bacteria, represent a pressing global health challenge. During the interaction between pathogen infection and host defense, bacterial infections initiate the host's immune response, which involves the activation of proteases that play a critical role in antibacterial defense. Granzyme B (GzmB), a key immune‐related biomarker associated with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), plays a pivotal role in this process. Therefore, detecting the activity of GzmB is crucial for understanding the host immune response to bacterial infections and for developing therapeutic strategies to overcome bacterial virulence. In this study, we designed and synthesized three granzyme B‐activated near‐infrared molecular probes. Among them, the probe HCy‐F demonstrates in situ imaging capability, enabling precise quantification of GzmB activity. This development offers a valuable tool for monitoring immune responses and optimizing immunotherapy approaches for combating drug‐resistant pathogens.
Therapeutic Levels of Acetaminophen Causing AKI: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tayyab Hamnah , Dhondapati Lavanya , Ullah Ashraf , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Jagmeet Singh , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Our case highlights the importance of being aware of the potential renal complications that can occur with acetaminophen, even when used at dosages slightly above the recommended therapeutic dose.
Relationship Between Short‐Term Outcomes and PD‐L1 Expression Based on Combined Positive Score and Tumor Proportion Score in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancers Treated With Anti‐PD‐1 Antibody Monotherapy
Authors: Ohara Akihiro , Mori Taisuke , Itoyama Mai , Yokoyama Kazuki , Yamamoto Shun , Kato Ken , Honma Yoshitaka
Published: January 2025

Background

PD‐L1 expression in tumors and immune cells is a biomarker for the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibody (APA) therapy across diverse cancers. Based on the results from the KEYNOTE‐048 trial, pembrolizumab monotherapy is indicated for platinum‐sensitive recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M‐HNSCC) with a positive combined positive score (CPS). Conversely, nivolumab is utilized for platinum‐pretreated R/M‐HNSCC regardless of the positive tumor proportion score (TPS) following the results of the CheckMate‐141; however, its subgroup analysis indicated that TPS‐positive population tended to have a relatively high overall response rate and progression‐free survival (PFS). Although, the superior PD‐L1 evaluation method for predicting APA therapy efficacy in R/M‐HNSCC and the appropriate cut‐off value remain undetermined. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between short‐term outcomes and PD‐L1 expression based on CPS and TPS in R/M‐HNSCC patients undergoing APA monotherapy.

Methods

R/M‐HNSCC patients receiving APA monotherapy from 2018 to 2021 with available samples were enrolled. An experienced pathologist evaluated CPS and TPS utilizing the PD‐L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay. Short‐term outcomes were assessed by clinical benefit rate (CBR), objective response rate (ORR), and PFS.

Results

Fifty‐three R/M‐HNSCC patients received APA monotherapy. Forty‐seven had CPS ≥ 1, and 44 had TPS ≥ 1%. By receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis, the CPS cut‐off value for predicting better CBR was determined to be 50. The ORR/CBR tended to be higher when CPS was positive. Although differences in PFS were not observed for a cut‐off value of 1 or 20, they were observed for 50 (3.2 vs. 8.4 months; hazard ratio 0.44, p = 0.02). ORR and CBR were respectively 12.5% and 12.5% in the TPS < 1% group and 33.3% and 48.9% in the ≥ 1% group. The TPS < 1% group showed significantly poorer PFS (1.9 vs. 4.5 months, hazard ratio 0.40, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

The short‐term efficacy of APA monotherapy in R/M‐HNSCC patients tended to be better when CPS was positive. TPS helps predict the population that does not benefit from APA monotherapy.