bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marxismo e política: o marxismo tem uma teoria política?
Authors: Alvarez Gabriel
Published: April 2021

Este artigo de 1961 de Henri Lefebvre compõe o pouco conhecido conjunto de escritos do autor sobre o Estado e a política, ainda sem tradução para o português. A análise do empirismo político que penetrou a prática política marxista desde Lênin e produziu um vácuo teórico leva Lefebvre à crítica do marxismo tornado linguagem. Trata-se da crítica ao dogmatismo presente em germe em Lênin e desenvolvido em Stalin. O reencontro com Marx ilumina as contradições políticas que interditam a sistematização do pensamento numa filosofia política que imediatiza (pelo reflexo) a relação teoria-prática, ocultando a dialética do fim da política e do fenecimento do Estado. Por fim, a análise das diferenças entre o socialismo russo e o chinês recoloca o debate pelo ângulo das estratégias e táticas políticas.
A Geografia na formação dos professores: tempos e espaços nos cursos de Pedagogia
Authors: Silva Samara Mirelly da , Leão Vicente de Paula
Published: April 2021

Refletir sobre a formação inicial, o trabalho dos professores e a construção do conhecimento geográfico nos Anos Iniciais é de grande importância para a compreensão de aspectos referentes ao processo de alfabetização das crianças. O presente texto é parte de uma pesquisa que analisou os direcionamentos dados à Geografia nos cursos de Pedagogia das Universidades Federais em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Apoiada nos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso, matrizes curriculares e ementas, a pesquisa constatou que categorias de análise como: lugar, paisagem, território e o próprio espaço geográfico, aparecem eventualmente nos documentos supracitados. Entende-se ser basilar, para um trabalho crítico e reflexivo, que os professores conheçam a Ciência de referência e seus conceitos estruturadores para compreenderem a relevância de se realizar seu ensino e assim, fazê-lo com maior autonomia.
Crítica à educação ambiental no ensino de geografia: discussão e propostas pedagógicas
Authors: Cocato Guilherme Pereira
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho é movido por questões teórico-metodológicas acerca das práticas de educação ambiental, no ensino de Geografia. O objetivo é discutir se tais atividades pedagógicas possuem caráter questionador das problemáticas ambientais. Adota-se revisão bibliográfica ampla e proposição de atividades pedagógicas de acordo com o ensino geográfico crítico e aplicável. A crítica do materialismo histórico-dialético orienta as discussões da problemática ambiental, do ensino de Geografia, do papel dos docentes e das possibilidades alternativas de atividades didáticas. A educação ambiental é discutida contrapondo-se práticas conservadoras com alternativas didáticas possíveis de concretização. Enquanto resultados, apresentam-se três propostas pedagógicas que permeiam conteúdos curriculares do ensino de Geografia para o ensino médio, abarcando a educação ambiental. Elucida-se que são propostas adaptáveis a diferentes realidades educacionais, que necessitam do envolvimento ativo de professores e estudantes. É essencial que as discussões e propostas se traduzam em práticas efetivas, a partir do enfoque nos saberes cotidianos dos estudantes.
A cidade e o brincar: análise de espaços públicos de brincar de Assis-SP
Authors: Meloni Adaliza , Marin Fátima Aparecida Dias Gomes
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, analisamos espaços públicos de brincar da cidade de Assis-SP considerando sua importância para as crianças. Fundamentada na Geografia da Infância e na Sociologia da Infância, a discussão envolve a relação da sociedade com as crianças ao definir os espaços de brincar na cidade. Ouvir a voz das crianças e reconhecê-las como sujeitos que devem participar da organização da cidade e que desenvolvem a espacialidade permitiu identificar seus desejos e quereres na constituição dos espaços de brincar. As crianças apresentaram como pontos positivos dos espaços de brincar a disponibilidade de áreas verdes e a oportunidade de fazer amizades e ponderaram sobre a necessidade de brinquedos, de sua manutenção e de condições adequadas de limpeza e segurança, evidenciando que as Paisagens de Infância da cidade de Assis-SP nem sempre correspondem a suas expectativas.
A criação das Zonas de Processamento de Exportações (ZPE) no Brasil e o papel das condições gerais de produção (CGP)
Authors: Cruz Jean da Silva , Hespanhol Antonio Nivaldo
Published: April 2021

Neste artigo, analisa-se a criação de zonas de processamento de exportações (ZPE) no Brasil considerando a importância das condições gerais de produção (CGP) e os interesses das elites políticas regionais na escolha da localização das atividades econômicas, num contexto de integração competitiva de certas localidades/regiões a circuitos globais de produção. Foram realizados levantamento documental em sites oficiais e ampla pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema. Constatou-se que as regiões/localidades reaparecem como estratégia de desenvolvimento atrelada às mudanças na forma e na prática institucional do Estado frente aos novos imperativos do capitalismo, que se reproduzem na criação de espaços diferenciados, conforme suas CGP, diretamente ligados ao processo de acumulação. Não obstante, as ZPE configuram-se também como uma ferramenta discursiva de gestores públicos (estaduais e municipais) e das elites regionais (sobretudo em regiões periféricas), além de ser uma estratégia para promover o desenvolvimento endógeno e inserir as localidades/regiões em mercados mundiais.
National Review, o moderno conservadorismo americano e a luta para "salvar" os EUA do comunismo, do liberalismo e da integração racial (1955-1959)
Authors: Sousa Rodrigo Farias de
Published: April 2021

O movimento conhecido como moderno conservadorismo americano toma forma na década de 1950 com pelo menos dois objetivos primordiais: no plano externo, combater a ameaça representada pelo comunismo internacional e, no plano doméstico, subverter a dominância exercida pelo liberalismo do New Deal, cuja influência no governo, na sociedade e na cultura fragilizaria a posição dos EUA na Guerra Fria e poria em risco os melhores valores nacionais. Este artigo examina algumas das premissas desse conservadorismo tomando como amostragem a revista National Review, fundada por William F. Buckley Jr. Em particular, analisa-se como a publicação abordou o fim da segregação racial nas escolas públicas, determinada pela Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos em 1954.
O Neoconservadorismo nos Estados Unidos da América: as ideias de Irving Kristol e a experiência política no governo Ronald Reagan (1981 - 1989)
Authors: Moll Neto Roberto
Published: April 2021

O neoconservadorismo é um fenômeno. No final dos anos 1960, os Estados Unidos da América (EUA) e o mundo deram os primeiros passos rumo a uma crise sistêmica, persistente e generalizada. Neste contexto, Irving Kristol e um grupo de intelectuais começaram a gestar um conjunto de ideias para solucionar os dilemas que a crise impôs aos EUA. No início dos anos 1970, Kristol e seus colegas conformaram uma percepção de mundo madura, o neoconservadorismo. Logo, ficaram conhecidos como neoconservadores ou necons. Poucos anos depois, os neocons e o neoconservadorismo chegaram ao governo de Ronald Reagan (1981 - 1989) como protagonistas. Desde então, rondam a Casa Branca, seja no salão oval ou nos jardins dos fundos. Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa, que buscou examinar o fenômeno do neoconservadorismo. Nas próximas páginas este artigo vai apresentar as reflexões de Kristol e o processo de conformação do neoconservadorismo como percepção de mundo. E vai analisar a experiência do governo Reagan com o neoconservadorismo como projeto político.
A direita cristã nos Estados Unidos: usos do passado e projetos políticos (1980)
Authors: Alves Junior Alexandre Guilherme da Cruz , Rocha Daniel
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar os principais elementos do pensamento da Direita Cristã norte-americana no final dos anos 1970 e início dos 1980. Para tal, investigaremos duas importantes obras escritas por destacadas lideranças da Moral Majority: Listen, America: the conservative blueprint for America´s moral rebirth (1980), de Jerry Falwell, e The Battle for the Mind: a subtle warfare (1980), de Tim LaHaye. Levando em conta a trajetória dos autores e o contexto de publicação e circulação das obras, procuraremos demonstrar como a articulação entre interpretações fundamentalistas dos textos bíblicos, concepções políticas conservadoras e uma perspectiva moral da história dos Estados Unidos estruturou a agenda política e as ações no espaço público de grupos religiosos conservadores naquele país, inaugurando uma aliança pragmática com o partido Republicano que permanece até os dias atuais.
A Diplomacia norte-americana e a direita radical no contexto do pós-golpe (1964-1968)
Authors: Motta Rodrigo Patto Sá
Published: April 2021

O artigo é baseado em documentos diplomáticos norte-americanos coletados nos National Archives and Records Administration. A ideia é mostrar a visão dos diplomatas sobre grupos radicais de direita que pressionavam o governo Castelo Branco após a vitória de 1964, grupos que foram nomeados genericamente “linha-dura”. Os observadores norte-americanos monitoravam a ação desses grupos por temor que desestabilizassem o governo Castelo Branco, apoiado decididamente pelos EUA. Os documentos diplomáticos apontam a existência de diferenças na direita radical e, o que tem sido pouco notado pela literatura acadêmica, a presença de conexões entre miliares e civis, notadamente grandes proprietários rurais e setores da grande imprensa. A partir de fontes primárias inéditas, mas, também em diálogo com a historiografia, a proposta é avaliar os objetivos e ações da direita radical no pós-golpe, entre 1964 e 1968, com atenção igualmente para a estratégia dos EUA em relação à ditadura.
Ação política, trabalho e resistência africana nos diários de viagem de H. Rider Haggard (África do Sul, 1914)
Authors: Silva Evander Ruthieri da
Published: April 2021

O período em torno da formalização da União Sul-Africana (1910) foi caracterizado por debates políticos acerca da identidade nacional sul-africana, bem como pela promulgação de legislações de caráter segregacionista e da negação de direitos políticos à população negra. Nesse contexto, o romancista britânico H. Rider Haggard (1856-1925) retornou à África do Sul, onde viveu em sua juventude, e registrou suas impressões de viagem em diários. O artigo visa analisar as marcas da articulação política e da resistência africana nos diários de viagem de Haggard, com atenção especial ao contexto laboral e aos mundos do trabalho de sul-africanos negros e dos chamados “brancos pobres”. A despeito do alinhamento político de Haggard, os relatos do romancista possibilitam vislumbrar rastros fragmentários das reivindicações desses sujeitos históricos num contexto de institucionalização de leis excludentes.
Impacto do apoio matricial a idosos na atenção primária: ensaio comunitário randomizado
Authors: Maia Luciana Colares , Colares Thomaz de Figueiredo Braga , Morais Edgar Nunes de , Costa Simone de Melo , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO Analisar o impacto do apoio matricial em saúde ao idoso na atenção primária de acordo com as dimensões de fragilidade aferidas por meio do índice de vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional (IVCF-20). MÉTODOS Trata-se de ensaio comunitário randomizado controlado (ECRC), desenvolvido no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2018. Inicialmente ocorreu, por meio do IVCF-20, a estratificação de vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional dos idosos assistidos por seis equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Posteriormente, três equipes foram sorteadas para receber apoio matricial durante seis meses, e as demais, para controle. Nesta intervenção, desenvolveram-se atividades educativas presenciais para as equipes de saúde. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, seguida de análise bivariada pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, para comparação das variáveis do IVCF-20 entre os dois momentos (antes e após a intervenção), com nível de significância de 5%. Estimaram-se os riscos relativos (RR) e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS Os grupos eram similares antes da intervenção, e o efeito de ações de matriciamento foi positivo para a maioria das dimensões aferidas pelo IVCF-20 (atividade de vida diária instrumental, cognição, humor, mobilidade, comunicação e comorbidades múltiplas). O percentual de fragilidade no grupo assistido por profissionais participantes do apoio matricial, ao final da pesquisa, foi inferior ao do grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES As ações de matriciamento, como atribuição pedagógica e assistência horizontal para as equipes de saúde, têm o potencial de contribuir para a articulação de modelos de cuidado para a saúde do idoso.
Neurodevelopment in the third year of life in children with antenatal ZIKV-exposure
Authors: Aizawa Carolina Yuri Panvequio , Caron Deyse Mayara Rodrigues , Souza Carolina Barbosa , Kozima Paula Fernanda Augusto , Damasceno Luana , Einspieler Christa , Marschik Peter B. , Brasil Patrícia , Schmitt Ana Carolina Basso , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Hasue Renata Hydee
Published: April 2021

We report cognitive, language and motor neurodevelopment, assessed by the Bayley-III test, in 31 non-microcephalic children at age 3 with PCR-confirmed maternal Zika virus exposure (Rio de Janeiro, 2015–2016). Most children had average neurodevelopmental scores, however, 8 children (26%) presented delay in some domain. Language was the most affected: 7 children (22.6%) had a delay in this domain (2 presenting severe delay). Moderate delay was detected in the cognitive (3.2%) and motor (10%) domains. Maternal illness in the third trimester of pregnancy and later gestational age at birth were associated with higher Bayley-III scores. Zika-exposed children require long-term follow-up until school age.
Cambio climático y salud ambiental en carreras de salud de grado en Latinoamérica
Authors: Palmeiro-Silva Yasna K , Ferrada María Teresa , Flores Jorge Ramírez , Cruz Ignacio Silva Santa
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Analizar la incorporación de cursos de cambio climático y salud ambiental en las mallas curriculares del grado en Medicina, Enfermería, Nutrición y Psicología clínica en universidades latinoamericanas. MÉTODOS: Revisión documental de tipo descriptiva y transversal. Se analizaron las mallas curriculares de las diez primeras universidades latinoamericanas según los rankings QS Latin American University 2020, Times Higher Education World University 2020 y Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019. En cada malla curricular se buscó la presencia de cursos relacionados al cambio climático y la salud ambiental. RESULTADOS: De las 161 universidades que se incluyeron en el estudio, 104 ofrecían la carrera de Medicina, 93 de Enfermería, 77 de Nutrición y 118 de Psicología clínica. La mayor parte de las mallas curriculares incorporaron cursos de salud pública y/o epidemiología (más del 70%), sin embargo, entre el 22% y el 41% incluyeron cursos de salud ambiental, y solo una malla curricular tuvo un curso en cambio climático en Medicina y Enfermería (1%). CONCLUSIONES: Los cursos de cambio climático y salud ambiental han sido introducidos, de forma escasa, en las mallas curriculares del campo de la salud en universidades latinoamericanas. Esto podría debilitar el importante rol que cumplen los profesionales de la salud en la asistencia sanitaria a la población.
Breast imaging hindered during covid-19 pandemic, in Brazil
Authors: Bessa Jordana de Faria
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: To report the decrease in breast imaging after covid-19 pandemic, obtaining the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020. Additionally, to investigate if there was an increase in the proportion of women undergoing mammography for diagnostic purposes, with palpable lesions. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, based on the number of mammograms performed by the Brazilian public health services, provided by DATASUS, an open access database. Mammograms from private institutions were not included. This study compares the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020, in women aged 50–69 years, stratified by month, in each federal state, and the presence of palpable lumps (physician-reported). RESULTS: In total, 1,948,471 mammograms were performed in 2019 and 1,126,688 in 2020, for the population studied. These values represent a 42% decline. Monthly, a significant decreased is observed after April 2020. The results varied slightly according to federal state; yet the entire country was affected. Rondônia was the most affected state, with 67% decline. The proportion of women presenting palpable lumps increased from 7.06% on average in 2019 to 7.94% in 2020 (OR = 1.135, 95%CI 1.125–1.145, p = 0,001). DISCUSSION: The number of mammograms performed in 2020 declined considerably. Out of the women who presented for mammogram, the proportion of palpable lumps was significantly higher in 2020. Considering the detection rate of digital mammography, the loss of 800,000 exams means 4,000 undiagnosed breast cancer cases, by the end of 2020.
Appraising carnivore (Mammalia: Carnivora) studies in Bangladesh from 1971 to 2019 bibliographic retrieves: trends, biases, and opportunities
Authors: Akash Muntasir , Zakir Tania
Published: April 2021

In contrast to <7% natural forest covers and >1,000 people living km-2, Bangladesh, one of the smallest countries in Asia, shelters 28 carnivorous mammals.  The species are of six families, nearly half of the entire carnivore diversity of the Indian Subcontinent.  Carnivores of Bangladesh are little understood and they are disappearing fast despite receiving stern protection.  Yet, there has been no assessment on the status of existing knowledge.  A review was aimed to assess the existing knowledge and evaluate the research trends in country’s mammalian carnivores.  Peer-reviewed works published from 1971 to 2019 were skimmed and categorized systematically according to five traits: publication type, research topic, time of publication, region, and species of study.  In a total of 95 works examined, substantial numbers were on tiger (n=45) and the Sundarbans (n=47).  In imbalance to action plans procured for tiger conservation, 14 carnivores have never been exclusively studied in Bangladesh.  Of the research topics, preference was evident for wildlife management and conflict analyses as there were 31 scientific papers out of 63 in these categories.  Inventory compilation for books (18 of 24) comprised the next preferred subject.  The assessment could identify gaps in related knowledge in different regions of the country.  Eastern region has experienced a meagre amount of work, although its mixed evergreen forests have larger combined area than the Sundarbans, and is known for its higher richness of diversity.  Exclusive works outside legally defined protected areas were also low.  We found no works in northwestern and southern Bangladesh.  In the last two decades, the temporal trajectory of research effort has been more, and the topics have started to diversify.  In order to improve conservation practices, we stress that gaps in knowledge pertaining to region or subject may be bridged with contemporary study techniques.  This is crucial to highlight the status of carnivore species that are otherwise ‘elusive’, ‘apparently absent’, or ‘least-known’.
Abstract 011: Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning In A Large Japanese Cohort
Authors: Matheson Matthew B , Kato Yoko , Baba Shinichi , Cox Christopher , Lima João A , Ambale Venkatesh Bharath
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Screening for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at middle age entails precise event prediction to orient risk stratification, resource allocation and insurance policy. Machine learning may be useful to characterize CVD risk and predict outcomes by identifying unique markers of incident CVD. We tested the ability of random survival forests (RSF) to identify the most important markers of incident CVD among adults enrolled in a mandatory screening program.

Methods:
We examined a dataset comprising annual health checkup, medication, and disease outcome data on 154,957 adults over the age of 40, collected by Toshiba between 2011 and 2017. Health checkup data included laboratory measurements of biomarkers, health history, and lifestyle questionnaires. CVD outcomes, classified as any of acute ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and atherosclerotic heart disease, were recorded after initial health checkup using ICD-10 coding. In the absence of CVD outcomes, subjects’ latest available health check visit was used as the censoring date. Data was split into training (70%, n=108,470) and test (30%, n=46,487) sets, with RSF utilized to impute missing covariate data and determine the characteristics most predictive of CVD outcomes based on minimum depth of maximal subtree.

Results:
Subjects were 65% (100,376 of 154,957) male with a median age of 47 years at baseline. A total of 1,669 events occurred in the group over a median follow-up period of 5 years. The RSF error rate stabilized around 1000 trees; we grew the training forest with 1200. The c-index at 2, 4, and 6 years was 85%, 84%, and 82% respectively; prediction error calculated by Brier score was 16.4% at six years. The most important predictors of CVD outcomes were prior heart disease, history of CV procedures and age. HDL cholesterol, HBA1c levels, and use of anti-hypertensive medications were the next 3 most important predictors.

Conclusions:
Determination of key variables predictive of cardiac endpoints will help guide individuals, health practitioners and policy makers in identifying higher-risk subjects and implementing early interventions and testing to reduce risk. The RSF method greatly facilitates the development of a predictive algorithm to be used for these purposes.
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support Utilization in Heart Failure Related Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Hernandez-Montfort Jaime , Sinha Shashank S. , Thayer Katherine L. , Whitehead Evan H. , Pahuja Mohit , Garan Arthur Reshad , Mahr Claudius , Haywood Jillian L. , Harwani Neil M. , Schaeffer August , Wencker Detlef , Kanwar Manreet , Vorovich Esther , Abraham Jacob , Burkhoff Daniel , Kapur Navin K.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Cardiogenic shock occurring in the setting of advanced heart failure (HF-CS) is increasingly common. However, recent studies have focused almost exclusively on acute myocardial infarction-related CS. We sought to define clinical, hemodynamic, metabolic, and treatment parameters associated with clinical outcomes among patients with HF-CS, using data from the Cardiogenic Shock Working Group registry.

Methods:

Patients with HF-CS were identified from the multicenter Cardiogenic Shock Working Group registry and divided into 3 outcome categories assessed at hospital discharge: mortality, heart replacement therapy (HRT: durable ventricular assist device or orthotopic heart transplant), or native heart survival. Clinical characteristics, hemodynamic, laboratory parameters, drug therapies, acute mechanical circulatory support device (AMCS) utilization, and Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention stages were compared across the 3 outcome cohorts.

Results:

Of the 712 patients with HF-CS identified, 180 (25.3%) died during their index admission, 277 (38.9%) underwent HRT (durable ventricular assist device or orthotopic heart transplant), and 255 (35.8%) experienced native heart survival without HRT. Patients who died had the highest right atrial pressure and heart rate and the lowest mean arterial pressure of the 3 outcome groups (
P
<0.01 for all). Biventricular and isolated left ventricular congestion were common among patients who died or underwent HRT, respectively. Lactate, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase were highest in patients with HF-CS experiencing in-hospital death. Intraaortic balloon pump was the most commonly used AMCS device in the overall cohort and among patients receiving HRT. Patients receiving >1 AMCS device had the highest in-hospital mortality rate irrespective of the number of vasoactive drugs used. Mortality increased with deteriorating Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention stages (stage B: 0%, stage C: 10.7%, stage D: 29.4%, stage E: 54.5%, 1-way ANOVA=<0.001).

Conclusions:

Patients with HF-CS experiencing in-hospital mortality had a high prevalence of biventricular congestion and markers of end-organ hypoperfusion. Substantial heterogeneity exists with use of AMCS in HF-CS with intraaortic balloon pump being the most common device used and high rates of in-hospital mortality after exposure to >1 AMCS device.
Disrupted Rest-Activity Rhythms and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Pathology in Older Adults
Authors: Sommer Rosa , Yu Lei , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Buchman Aron S. , Lim Andrew S.P.
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:

The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease remains incompletely understood. The relationship between circadian rhythm disturbances and histopathologic measures of cerebral small vessel disease has not been studied. We hypothesized that disrupted circadian rest-activity rhythms would be associated with a higher burden of cerebral small vessel disease pathology.

Methods:

We studied 561 community-dwelling older adults (mean age at death, 91.2, 27.4% male) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. We used actigraphy to quantify several measures of 24-hour rest-activity rhythmicity, including interdaily stability, intradaily variability, and amplitude, and used ordinal logistic regression models to relate these measures to the severity of cerebral arteriolosclerosis, atherosclerosis, macroinfarcts, and microinfarcts, assessed at autopsy.

Results:

Lower interdaily stability was associated with a higher burden of arteriolosclerosis, higher intradaily variability was associated with a higher burden of atherosclerosis and subcortical infarcts, and lower amplitude was associated with a higher burden of arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and subcortical macroinfarcts. Moreover, the associations between interdaily stability and arteriolosclerosis and intradaily variability and subcortical infarcts were independent of cardiovascular risk factors, sleep fragmentation, and medical comorbidities.

Conclusions:

Disrupted rest-activity rhythms are associated with a greater burden of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults.
Preexisting Mild Cognitive Impairment, Dementia, and Receipt of Treatments for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Levine Deborah A. , Galecki Andrzej T. , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Langa Kenneth M. , Kabeto Mohammed U. , Okullo Dolorence , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Giordani Bruno , Reale Bailey K. , Campbell Morgan , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:

Differences in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment by cognitive status are unclear, but some studies have found patients with preexisting dementia get less treatment. We compared AIS care by preexisting cognitive status.

Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of prospectively obtained data on 836 adults ≥45 with AIS from the population-based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project from 2008 to 2013. We compared receipt of a composite quality measure representing the percentage of 7 treatments/procedures received (ordinal scale; values, <0.75, 0.75–0.99, and 1.0), a binary defect-free quality score, and individual treatments after AIS between patients with preexisting dementia (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly score ≥3.44), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, score 3.1–3.43), and normal cognition (score ≤3).

Results:

Among patients with AIS, 42% had normal cognition (47% women; median age [interquartile range], 65 [56–76]), 32% had MCI (54% women; median age, 70 [60–78]), 26% had dementia (56% women; median age, 78 [64–85]). After AIS, 44% of patients with preexisting dementia and 55% of patients with preexisting MCI or normal cognition received defect-free care. Compared with cognitively normal patients, patients with preexisting MCI had similar cumulative odds (unadjusted cumulative odds ratio =0.99,
P
=0.92), and patients with preexisting dementia had 36% lower cumulative odds of receiving the composite quality measure (unadjusted cumulative odds ratio [OR]=0.64,
P
=0.005). However, the dementia-quality association became nonsignificant after adjusting for patient factors, namely sex, comorbidity, and body mass index (adjusted cumulative OR [acOR]=0.79,
P
=0.19). Independent of patient factors, preexisting MCI was negatively associated with receipt of IV tPA (intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator; acOR=0.36,
P
=0.04), rehabilitation assessment (acOR=0.28,
P
=0.016), and echocardiogram (acOR=0.48,
P
<0.001). Preexisting dementia was negatively associated with receipt of antithrombotic by day 2 (acOR=0.39,
P
=0.04) and echocardiogram (acOR=0.42,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

Patients with preexisting MCI and dementia, compared with cognitively normal patients, may receive less frequently some treatments and procedures, but not the composite quality measure, after AIS.
Combining Concepts Across Categorical Domains: A Linking Role of the Precuneus
Authors: Rabini Giuseppe , Ubaldi Silvia , Fairhall Scott L.
Published: April 2021

The human capacity for semantic knowledge entails not only the representation of single concepts but the capacity to combine these concepts into the increasingly complex ideas that underlie human thought. This process involves not only the combination of concepts from within the same semantic category but frequently the conceptual combination across semantic domains. In this fMRI study (N = 24) we investigate the cortical mechanisms underlying our ability to combine concepts across different semantic domains. Using five different semantic domains (People, Places, Food, Objects, and Animals), we present sentences depicting concepts drawn from a single semantic domain as well as sentences that combine concepts from two of these domains. Contrasting single-category and combined-category sentences reveals that the precuneus is more active when concepts from different domains have to be combined. At the same time, we observe that distributed category selectivity representations persist when higher-order meaning involves the combination of categories and that this category-selective response is captured by the combination of the single categories composing the sentence. Collectively, these results suggest that the precuneus plays a role in the combination of concepts across different semantic domains, potentially functioning to link together category-selective representations distributed across the cortex.
Sideroxylon cochranei (Sapotoideae, Sapotaceae): a new cloud forest tree species from the Sierra de Manantlán and Cuale in western México

Authors: VÁZQUEZ-GARCÍA J. ANTONIO , SANTANA-MICHEL FRANCISCO J. , CUEVAS-GUZMÁN RAMÓN , ORTEGA-PEÑA A. SALOMÉ
Published: April 2021

Sideroxylon cochranei (Sapotaceae) from Sierra de Manantlán and Cuale, in Jalisco, México is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically close to S. salicifolium, but it differs from the latter in being montane cloud forest trees versus sea-shore to lower montane tropical trees, also in having clustered leaves with longer petioles and sepals and larger fruits. A key to the species of Sideroxylon in western Mexico and a distribution map are provided. According to IUCN criteria, its conservation status was assessed as critically endangered (CR).
Gastrochilus dresslerii (Orchidaceae), a new species from northern of Vietnam
Authors: NGUYEN DINH HIEP , AVERYANOV LEONID V. , DANG VAN SON , BUI VAN HUONG , MAISAK TATIANA , TRUONG BA VUONG
Published: April 2021

The new species, Gastrochilus dresslerii (G. sect. Microphyllae) discovered in northern Vietnam (Ha Giang Province) is described and illustrated, and data on its phenology, ecology, and distribution is provided. Morphological resemblance of discovered plant with allied species are also discussed.
Heteragrion gorbi sp. nov. (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: CEZÁRIO RODRIGO ROUCOURT , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER
Published: April 2021

Heteragrion gorbi sp. nov. (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae) is described and diagnosed based on six ♂♂ and one ♀. The specimens were collected in a stream in a Neotropical savannah fragment in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. We present pictures of the holotype and the female. This is a species with blue coloration pattern, rare among its congeners.
Midlatitude Cloud Radiative Effect Sensitivity to Cloud Controlling Factors in Observations and Models: Relationship with Southern Hemisphere Jet Shifts and Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Kelleher Mitchell K.
Published: April 2021

An effective method to understand cloud processes and to assess the fidelity with which they are represented in climate models is the cloud controlling factor framework, in which cloud properties are linked with variations in large-scale dynamical and thermodynamical variables. This study examines how midlatitude cloud radiative effects (CRE) over oceans co-vary with four cloud controlling factors: mid-tropospheric vertical velocity, estimated inversion strength (EIS), near-surface temperature advection, and sea surface temperature (SST), and assesses their representation in CMIP6 models with respect to observations and CMIP5 models.

CMIP5 and CMIP6 models overestimate the sensitivity of midlatitude CRE to perturbations in vertical velocity, and underestimate the sensitivity of midlatitude shortwave CRE to perturbations in EIS and temperature advection. The largest improvement in CMIP6 models is a reduced sensitivity of CRE to vertical velocity perturbations. As in CMIP5 models, many CMIP6 models simulate a shortwave cloud radiative warming effect associated with a poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) midlatitude jet stream, an effect not present in observations. This bias arises because most models’ shortwave CRE are too sensitive to vertical velocity perturbations and not sensitive enough to EIS perturbations, and because most models overestimate the SST anomalies associated with SH jet shifts. The presence of this bias directly impacts the transient surface temperature response to increasing greenhouse gases over the Southern Ocean, but not the global-mean surface temperature. Instead, the models’ climate sensitivity is correlated with their shortwave CRE sensitivity to surface temperature advection perturbations near 40°S, with models with more realistic values of temperature advection sensitivity generally having higher climate sensitivity.
Identification of Priority Areas of Improvement for Small Passenger Car Segment in Indian Market
Authors: Bera Reema , Maitra Bhargab
Published: April 2021

The present study reports an investigation on identification of priority areas of improvement for small passenger car segment in the Indian market. A total of 750 responses on importance and satisfaction rating of 16 attributes in a 7-point Likert-type ordinal rating scale were collected from small car owners in Delhi using a paper and pencil instrument. Revised importance-performance analysis with fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was used to identify the priority areas of improvement in small passenger cars. The analysis technique effectively identified the factor structure of consumer satisfaction and derived various management schemes for small passenger cars by analysing consumers’ importance and satisfaction data. The priority areas of improvement were obtained by comparing the factor structure with the management scheme. The results indicate that safety, security and advanced vehicle technology options are the priority areas of improvement for small passenger cars. The study identified that the consumers are satisfied with the performance of purchase price, driving range, annual fuel cost, annual maintenance cost, top speed, seating comfort, appearance/style, emission, acceleration time and resale value in small cars, indicating the need to retain these attributes at their present levels to maintain competitive advantage. The engine power is identified under ‘possible overkill’, which indicates an opportunity for automobile manufacturers to possibly reduce the engine power to save some resources and reallocate the same for improvement of priority attributes. The findings of the present study provide valuable insight into the product specifications that the automobile manufacturers should focus on, to make new-generation small cars more attractive to Indian consumers.
Could Education Quality Audit Enhance Human Resources Management Processes of the Higher Education Institutions?
Authors: Kooli Chokri , Abadli Riad
Published: April 2021

This article aims to check whether the quality audit assessment could positively improve human resource management (HRM) practices and processes of the private higher education institutions. A quantitative analytical approach was performed in order to enhance our understandings of the impact of quality audit in terms of HRM. Twenty-six reports of 26 Omani private higher education institutions (HEIs) who already completed the ﬁrst stage of national accreditation process has been analysed through this research. Researchers were able to notify a certain positive impact in certain areas related to the staff and staff support. The progress observed is partial, as certain sub-areas of assessment were severely criticized and several recommendations of improvement were issued in such regard. Through this research, we were able to conclude that the Omani private HEIs performed very well in the sub-areas of staff profile, severance, promotion, incentives and Omanization. Contrarily, an important number of recommendations was issued regarding the sub-areas of staff organizational climate and retention, human resource (HR) planning and management, professional development and finally recruitment and selection processes.
Chemical Constituents of the Whole Plant of Verbena hastata and Their Inhibitory Activity Against the Production of AGEs
Authors: Yokosuka Akihito , Honda Misaki , Kondo Hitoshi , Mimaki Yoshihiro
Published: April 2021

Two iridoid glycosides (1 and 2), 3 phenolic glycosides (3–5), 1 flavone glycoside (6), 3 biflavonoids (7–9), 1 flavone (10), 2 triterpenes (11 and 12), 1 sterol (13), and 1 naphthoquinone derivative (14) were isolated from the whole plant of Verbena hastata (Verbenaceae). Compounds 3-13 were isolated from V. hastata for the first time. Compound 14 is undescribed in the literature. Incubation of glyceraldehyde and collagen either with phenolic glycosides (3), (4), or (5) or with biflavonoid (8) inhibited the production of advanced glycation end products, with IC50 values of 6.3, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.8 mM, respectively. Aminoguanidine, which was used as a positive control, had an IC50 value of 10.2 mM.
“Victims’ participation rights in the post-sentencing phase: The Netherlands in comparative perspective”
Authors: Bosma Alice K. , Groenhuijsen Marc S. , de Vries Max
Published: April 2021

Victims’ rights have proliferated rapidly over the past decades. However, the development of rights in the post-sentencing phase has lagged behind. In this article, we argue that victims’ rights may contribute to the acknowledgement of victims, something that victimological research suggests is important for victims’ well-being at every stage of criminal proceedings. We review a new Dutch law and a legislative proposal aiming to improve victims’ rights in the post-sentencing phase in relation to conditional release from prison and conditional discharge from forensic psychiatric hospital. More specifically, we compare these (proposed) victims’ participatory rights with those existing in the Canadian, Belgian and German framework. We argue for a strengthened position of the victim in the post-sentencing phase. We close by showing that the practical effectiveness of these proposed rights is put at risk by COVID-19 and states’ response to the same.
Measuring the Barriers to Adherence With Neurology Clinic Appointments for Children With Epilepsy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bailey Jason , West Melanie , Agarwal Rajkumar , Kumar Gogi
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children. Missed appointments reflect missed opportunity to provide care for children with epilepsy. The objective of this study was to identify social determinants of health (SDH) and other factors associated with missed appointments in children with epilepsy and measure the relation between missed appointments and frequency of emergency room (ER) visits and inpatient admissions.

Methods:

This was a prospective study conducted in the neurology division at a level 4 epilepsy center. Children (0 to < 18 years of age) with a diagnosis of epilepsy were included and a semi-structured questionnaire was provided to the families. Patients with 2 or more missed neurology clinic appointments in the previous year (“study group”, n = 36) were compared to those with 1 or zero missed appointments (“control group”, n = 49). A comparison of the clinical characteristics, emergency room visits and hospitalizations in the past year as well as SDH was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

The mean age, gender distribution and presence of medical refractoriness were comparable between the 2 groups. Families in the study group reported a higher likelihood of having to make special work arrangements for clinic appointments. Children in the study group were noted to have a significantly higher frequency of single mother households, presence of public insurance, father not graduating from high school and household income less than 50,000 dollars. Within the preceding year, children in the study group were noted to have a higher frequency of visits to the emergency department as well as 6 times higher likelihood of inpatient hospitalization for seizures.

Conclusions:

Social determinants of health play an important role in determining adherence with neurology clinic visits in children with epilepsy. Children with more missed appointments are likely to have a higher frequency of visits to the emergency department as well as a higher incidence of hospitalization for seizures. Identification of high-risk families and implementation of early interventions may improve adherence to office visits and decrease emergency room visits and hospitalization for seizures.
Modified STOP-Bang for predicting perioperative adverse events in the Thai population
Authors: Sangkum Lisa , Wathanavaha Chama , Tantrakul Visasiri , Pothong Munthana , Karnjanarachata Cherdkiat
Published: April 2021

Background

Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with adverse perioperative outcomes. The STOP-Bang questionnaire is a validated screening tool for OSA. However, its precision may vary among different populations. This study determined the association between high-risk OSA based on the modified STOP-Bang questionnaire and perioperative adverse events.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included patients undergoing elective surgery from December 2018 to February 2019. The modified STOP-Bang questionnaire includes a history of Snoring, daytime Tiredness, Observed apnea, high blood Pressure, Body mass index > 30 kg/m2, Age > 50, Neck circumference > 40 cm, and male Gender. High risk for OSA was considered as a score ≥ 3.

Results

Overall, 400 patients were included, and 18.3% of patients experienced perioperative adverse events. On the basis of modified STOP-Bang, the incidence of perioperative adverse events was 23.2 and 13.8% in patients with high risk and low risk (P-value 0.016) (Original STOP-Bang: high risk 22.5% vs. low risk 14.7%, P-value 0.043). Neither modified nor original STOP-Bang was associated with perioperative adverse events (adjusted OR 1.91 (95% CI 0.99–3.66), P-value 0.055) vs. 1.69 (95%CI, 0.89–3.21), P-value 0.106). Modified STOP-Bang ≥3 could predict the incidence of difficult ventilation, laryngoscopic view ≥3, need for oxygen therapy during discharge from postanesthetic care unit and ICU admission.

Conclusions

Neither modified nor original STOP-Bang was significantly associated with perioperative adverse events. However, a modified STOP-Bang ≥3 can help identify patients at risk of difficult airway, need for oxygen therapy, and ICU admission.

Trial registrations

This study was registered on Thai Clinical Trials Registry, identifier TCTR20181129001, registered 23 November 2018 (Prospectively registered).
Crowdsourcing citation-screening in a mixed-studies systematic review: a feasibility study
Authors: Noel-Storr Anna H. , Redmond Patrick , Lamé Guillaume , Liberati Elisa , Kelly Sarah , Miller Lucy , Dooley Gordon , Paterson Andy , Burt Jenni
Published: April 2021

Background

Crowdsourcing engages the help of large numbers of people in tasks, activities or projects, usually via the internet. One application of crowdsourcing is the screening of citations for inclusion in a systematic review. There is evidence that a ‘Crowd’ of non-specialists can reliably identify quantitative studies, such as randomized controlled trials, through the assessment of study titles and abstracts. In this feasibility study, we investigated crowd performance of an online, topic-based citation-screening task, assessing titles and abstracts for inclusion in a single mixed-studies systematic review.

Methods

This study was embedded within a mixed studies systematic review of maternity care, exploring the effects of training healthcare professionals in intrapartum cardiotocography. Citation-screening was undertaken via Cochrane Crowd, an online citizen science platform enabling volunteers to contribute to a range of tasks identifying evidence in health and healthcare. Contributors were recruited from users registered with Cochrane Crowd. Following completion of task-specific online training, the crowd and the review team independently screened 9546 titles and abstracts. The screening task was subsequently repeated with a new crowd following minor changes to the crowd agreement algorithm based on findings from the first screening task. We assessed the crowd decisions against the review team categorizations (the ‘gold standard’), measuring sensitivity, specificity, time and task engagement.

Results

Seventy-eight crowd contributors completed the first screening task. Sensitivity (the crowd’s ability to correctly identify studies included within the review) was 84% (N = 42/50), and specificity (the crowd’s ability to correctly identify excluded studies) was 99% (N = 9373/9493). Task completion was 33 h for the crowd and 410 h for the review team; mean time to classify each record was 6.06 s for each crowd participant and 3.96 s for review team members. Replicating this task with 85 new contributors and an altered agreement algorithm found 94% sensitivity (N = 48/50) and 98% specificity (N = 9348/9493). Contributors reported positive experiences of the task.

Conclusion

It might be feasible to recruit and train a crowd to accurately perform topic-based citation-screening for mixed studies systematic reviews, though resource expended on the necessary customised training required should be factored in. In the face of long review production times, crowd screening may enable a more time-efficient conduct of reviews, with minimal reduction of citation-screening accuracy, but further research is needed.