bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Main Component in Altimetry-Observed Response to a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Lu Zhumin , Liang Changrong , Shang Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

The ocean response to a tropical cyclone (TC) generally consists of near-inertial and geostrophic components, and the geostrophic response is impliedly believed to be ignorable. This study divides and compares the geostrophic and near-inertial components in the sea surface height (SSH) response obtained by a two-layer theory and numerical experiments, revealing that the geostrophic component is dominant and the near-inertial component ignorable. This conclusion results from 1) the high ratios (approximately 70%–90%) of the geostrophic component in the upwelling where the geostrophic response occurs and/or 2) the small absolute near-inertial amplitudes, usually below 3 cm, which satellite altimeters cannot capture. The findings are first presented in a two-layer model and then confirmed to be robust using numerical experiments by considering the effects of the nonlinear process, vertical dispersion of near-inertial internal waves, and vertical structure of the geostrophic response. By testing parameter dependence, the findings are insensitive to ocean stratification and TC characteristics including moving speed, intensity, and latitude, thus being generally appropriate for any TC case. The generality is physically related to the nature of Rossby adjustment and the dispersion of TC-induced near-inertial internal waves. Finally, the evidences are provided by the SSH response to Typhoon Mawar (2023) captured by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite, which demonstrates the main features of the geostrophic response and no near-inertial wavelike signals. This study lays a solid foundation for dynamically understanding altimetry-observed response, highlighting the vital role of the geostrophic response.

Significance Statement

The ocean response to a tropical cyclone generally consists of wave and quasi-steady components, and the quasi-steady component is impliedly believed to be ignorable. Based on the theory, numerical experiments, and altimetry observations, this study finds the high ratios of the quasi-steady component in sea surface height response and the relatively small wave amplitudes. Thus, the quasi-steady response is the main component, and the wave component is ignorable in the sea surface height response to a tropical cyclone observed by satellite altimeters. This study lays a solid foundation for dynamically understanding altimetry-observed response to a tropical cyclone and proves the vital importance of the quasi-steady response.
Evolution of biofuels: Unraveling diverse applications and emerging horizons
Authors: Akram Fatima , Shoaib Esha , Fatima Taseer , Shabbir Ifrah , Haq Ikram-ul
Published: December 2024

The comprehensive review presents multi-faceted biofuel applications in various sectors and prospects, highlighting state-of-the-art technologies and potential changes in triglyceride-based biofuels. From the first-generation biofuel produced from food crops to the fourth generation of engineered microbes, there is an improvement in technologies and sustainability. Transesterification synthesis of biodiesel with different chemical catalysts and biocatalysts shows continuous efforts toward making the process more efficient and economically viable; emerging technologies like hydrodeoxygenation and pyrolysis open new routes for optimized biofuel production with less environmental impact. With a focus on biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, and biohydrogen, this paper deals with their contributions to energy generation in a sustainable manner and environmental stewardship. AI and machine learning in the production of biofuels could provide new revolutions in efficiency and sustainability directly from feedstock selection to product recovery. Bioethanol is effectively used in gasoline blends with several advantages, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Biobutanol is a good transport fuel alternative, with high energy content, easily used with the existing infrastructure. Biological processes yield Biohydrogen and may have bright prospects for producing clean energy, specifically in the case of bioelectrochemical systems. Prospects hinge on addressing the challenges, promoting research and development, and fostering collaboration and investment in biofuel innovation. This review underscores the importance of continued efforts to advance biofuel technologies, recognizing their pivotal role in achieving a sustainable energy future while addressing global energy and environmental challenges.
Association of prospective memory and social wellbeing in midlife to old age in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Keil Johannes , Wister Andrew , Pauly Theresa
Published: December 2024

The ability to remember future actions (prospective memory) is an important determinant of daily functioning in older adults. While social wellbeing is associated with better cognitive function generally, it is unknown how social wellbeing affects, and is affected by, prospective memory. Using a two-wave longitudinal design, we investigated the relationship between prospective memory and social wellbeing over 3 years. Data come from the first two waves of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging ( n = 23,609, age: 45–86), collected between 2011–2018. Event-based and time-based prospective memory were measured using a standardized laboratory task, and social wellbeing was operationalized as self-reported social support and social participation. We used latent change score modeling to evaluate longitudinal associations between prospective memory and social wellbeing. There was a positive bidirectional relationship with higher baseline social support predicting better prospective memory, and vice-versa. However, no similar relationship was observed for social participation. Time-based and event-based prospective memory did not differ in their association with social wellbeing. Social support may buffer stress and promote a richer, mentally stimulating environment, thereby improving prospective memory. Conversely, better prospective memory may increase social support, for example, by reducing the risk of memory lapses interfering with supportive relationships (e.g., forgetting appointments).
Librarians’ awareness towards the use of artificial intelligence technologies for Sustainable library services
Authors: Lulu-Pokubo Ebisemen Patience , Okwu Emmanuel
Published: December 2024

This paper investigated Librarians’ Awareness towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Sustainable Library Services. Four research objectives and one null hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The targeted population of the study are Librarians in Nigeria. Questionnaires were sent online via Google form to the association WhatsApp platforms in order to get responses from the members. The process brought in a total of 203 responses which was used to analyse the data. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. The finding shows that there is high extent of the level of librarians’ awareness in the use of AI technologies in library services. The study also highlighted the various challenges of using AI in library operations, ranging from the fact that AI do not have human feelings/physical contact and frequent use of AI can make them irrelevant in the library thereby losing their job. Finally, the hypothesis stated that there is a significant difference between the mean score of the awareness of librarians towards the use of artificial intelligence technologies on library services. Since the p-value is less than the significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected. Based on the findings, the researchers recommends among others that there is need for librarians to attend trainings, workshops and conferences related to the adoption of artificial intelligence in order to prepare them for future tasks.
Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of premenopausal and postmenopausal women with adnexal torsion
Authors: Li MengHui , Wang Hong , Hou ShengDi , Wang ShuZhen , Li Hua
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and surgical and histological outcomes of premenopausal and postmenopausal patients with adnexal torsion.

Methods

The electronic medical records of 278 patients with adnexal torsion proven by surgery were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to November 2023 in our hospital. The patients were divided into two groups (premenopausal and postmenopausal).

Results

The study included 226 (81.3%) premenopausal patients and 52 (18.7%) postmenopausal patients. The incidence of the most common symptoms (i.e., abdominal pain, nausea and/or vomiting) was not different between the two groups. However, the postmenopausal group had a longer interval from the onset of pain to admission, a larger size of adnexal mass, a longer operation time, more blood loss, and a longer hospital stay than the premenopausal group. Regarding the procedure, the premenopausal group underwent more conservative procedures than the postmenopausal group. The most common pathological findings in the two groups were benign tumors and tubal pathology The malignancy rate was similar in the two groups.

Conclusions

Premenopausal and postmenopausal women with adnexal torsion had similar main symptoms, such as abdominal pain and nausea and vomiting. However, the surgical and histological outcomes varied between these groups of women.
Pathogenic Burden, Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Clinical Outcome of Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Chaudhary Monika , Midha Naresh Kumar , Bohra Gopal Krishana , Meena Durga Shankar , Tak Vibhor , Rathore Hembala , Rathore Vishavjeet , Vaishnavi Meruvu Hari , TR Neetha , Mohammed Sadik , Kothari Nikhil , Bhatia Pradeep
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Nosocomial bloodstream infections with multidrug-resistant microorganisms have become a common health threat in intensive care settings worldwide. Understanding antimicrobial resistance and the outcomes of these infections is crucial for addressing this issue. This study aimed to investigate the burden, antimicrobial resistance, and 28-day outcomes of nosocomial bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a multispecialty intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in western India. Adult patients aged ≥18 years with bloodstream infections acquired after 48 h of admission were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 245 patients suspected of having nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit were evaluated, and 179 were included in the study. Gram-negative bacteremia was identified in the majority of cases, affecting 111 (62%) patients. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent pathogen, found in 21.2% (38/179) of patients. Candida species were detected in 37 (20.6%) cases, and gram-positive cocci were identified in 31 (17.3%) patients, with vancomycin-sensitive Enterococci being the most common gram-positive cocci isolated from blood. The central venous catheter was the most frequent source of bloodstream infection, identified in 66 (36.9%) patients. Among all patients, 28-day mortality was observed in 102 (57%) patients. Higher quick sepsis-related organ failure (qSOFA) scores at the onset of bloodstream infection, central venous catheters as a source of infection, inability to initiate early appropriate therapy and septic shock at the onset of bloodstream infection were identified as independent predictors of mortality in patients with nosocomial bloodstream infections. Conclusion: An increased burden of gram-negative bacilli and Candida was found to cause nosocomial bloodstream infections, with very high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Early appropriate diagnosis and treatment play a critical role in improving survival. Additionally, enhanced infection prevention and control practices are necessary to mitigate the heavy burden of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms in critical care settings.
Association Between Breastfeeding Peer Support and Confidence in Breastfeeding
Authors: Jeon Hyo Jin (Jean) , Granner Michelle , Christiansen Elizabeth , Kohnen Taya , Park Sung-Yeon , Sarnquist Bret , MacNeil Patricia , Soto Valery , Deavers Olivia
Published: December 2024

Background:

Peer support programs may be effective for supporting breastfeeding among diverse groups, and in reducing disparities. This study provides insight regarding the implementation and outcomes of a peer breastfeeding support program.

Research Aims:

(1) to examine how participation affected the outcomes of breastfeeding motivation, confidence, and coping strategies; and (2) to evaluate satisfaction with the program.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. Seven pilot sites in the United States uniquely implemented a federally-funded peer support program for low-income women. Data were collected using a survey and focus groups/interviews. Over 12 months, 1,296 women participated, comprising 615 peer support pairs. A total of 401 women responded to the survey. Twenty-three focus groups and 63 interviews were conducted across the seven sites.

Results:

Participants who enrolled in the program during pregnancy: t (189) = −6.55, p < 0.001, and after the baby was born: t (170) = −2.59, p = 0.001, gained confidence in breastfeeding. More satisfied participants were more likely to breastfeed longer: F (7,352) = 12.75, p < 0.001, and cope with breastfeeding challenges: F (7,352) = 7.83, p < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Effective operation strategies of the peer breastfeeding support program have significantly influenced participant satisfaction. Introducing peer support for low-income women to share their breastfeeding experiences would be beneficial in enhancing breastfeeding rates. However, the generalizability of these findings may be limited to this U.S. federally-funded peer support program.
Reworking Identity, Reworking Heteronormativity: The Case of Tongqi in China
Authors: Yang Tori Shucheng , Song Changhui , Xie Hui
Published: December 2024

Scholars have studied the mundane reproduction of heteronormativity in everyday life. What happens when heteronormativity is disrupted? We shed light on this question using data from in-depth interviews with 34 heterosexual women ( tongqi) in China who are unwittingly married to men who have sex with men (MSM). Our analysis reveals four ways in which tongqi draw upon heteronormativity to rework their identities in response to the disclosure of their husbands’ sexuality: oppositional identity work to restore an unblemished identity, relational identity work to distance oneself from other tongqi, maintenance identity work to sustain the marriage, and subversive identity work to challenge heteronormativity. The ways in which tongqi negotiates gender and sexual hierarchies in relational power dynamics show the inherent link between gender and sexuality in the maintenance of gender order. More broadly, we highlight how identity provides a crucial link between individuals’ management of the contradictions in the dominant sexual binary and the reproduction of heteronormativity.
Evaluation of Pharmacist Involvement in Emergency Response
Authors: Jeghers Melissa A. , Ji Christine , Newman Kelly , Leung Natalie , Roberts Russel J.
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Emergency response teams are designed to promptly deliver care to hospitalized patients experiencing acute decompensation events. Pharmacists are an integrated part of emergency response teams and their presence at emergency response events has been shown to improve adherence to institutional and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines. This study assesses the impact of pharmacist involvement at emergency responses and time clinical pharmacists dedicate to emergency response. Methods: A single-center, retrospective chart review assessed inpatient and ambulatory emergency responses for patients 18 and older from August 2021 through January 2022. Emergency response event-specific information was assessed using intervention documentations in the hospital electronic health record (EHR). The amount of time dedicated to emergency response by pharmacists was then converted to full-time equivalents (FTE). Results: Of the 296 emergency response documentations assessed, 242 responses were included in analysis. The primary outcome of time pharmacists dedicate to emergency responses over a six-month period was found to be 9480 minutes (158 hours). The average amount of time spent at each response was 40.7 minutes (SD 27.4 minutes), ranging from 5-210 minutes. Conclusion: The total time spent by clinical pharmacists at emergency responses within a six-month period was equivalent to approximately 26% of an FTE. Due to inability of pharmacists to document all emergency responses, this may be under-represented. More than 70% of emergency responses required 6-10 medications be prepared by pharmacists. Pharmacists made interventions 47% of the time, indicating that pharmacists play an integral role as members of emergency response teams.
Oxidative stress reactions in rats with pulmonary injuries induced by sulfur mustard (1 LD50)
Authors: Liu Lu , Hu Xiaoxuan , Zhang Na , Zhong Yuxu , Zhu Xiao-ji , Liu Tao
Published: December 2024

Objective

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an important chemical warfare agent. The mechanisms underlying SM toxicity have not been completely elucidated. However, oxidative stress and the subsequent damage to macromolecules have been considered ascrucial steps in SM toxicity. In this study, a rat model of SM-induced acute pulmonary injury was established using an equal toxicity dose (1LD50). This study employed two methods to directly compare oxidative stress indices in serum enzymes and the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into intraperitoneal SM, intraperitoneal propylene glycol control, tracheal SM, tracheal propylene glycol control, and control groups. SM-induced serum enzyme levels and protein expression in the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Serum levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were upregulated in the intraperitoneal SM group compared with those in the tracheal SM group. Positive expression ratios of CuZn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, paraoxonase-1, and apolipoprotein-1 proteins in the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa in the intraperitoneal SM group were elevated compared with those in the tracheal SM group.

Conclusion

Under SM (1LD50) exposure, there were significantly higher serum enzyme levels and protein expressions in the epithelial cells of the alveolar septa of rats injected with SM intraperitoneally compared with SM administered by intratracheal instillation. The results demonstrated that the differences in oxidative stress indices at the molecular level in SM-induced pulmonary injury were dependent on the route of exposure.
Navigating Knowledge and Research Security in EU-China Relations: The Case of Hungary, Italy and the Netherlands
Authors: Pinna Cristina
Published: December 2024

As the European Union (EU) navigates its intricate relationship with China amidst escalating geopolitical tensions and diverging interests, the concept of ‘knowledge and research security’ emerges as a pivotal concern, especially within the realm of higher education cooperation. This paper delves into the EU's evolving stance towards China, marked by a shift, which categorizes China as simultaneously a partner, competitor, and rival. Amidst this repositioning, the surge in Sino-European academic partnerships has spotlighted the challenges of knowledge and research security, underscoring the need for caution in collaborations with a country whose values diverge from those of the EU. Despite a consensus at the EU level on the necessity of managing ‘knowledge and research security’, the implementation of academic cooperation with China largely rests with individual Member States. This non-centralized approach enables countries to customize their engagement based on national interests and priorities, leading to a varied landscape of academic cooperation with China. This study focuses on three Member States – Hungary, Italy, and the Netherlands- each representing different European sub-regions and stances towards China. By examining their approaches to balancing academic collaboration with China against the backdrop of potential security risks, this paper seeks to uncover the degree of convergence or divergence with the EU's overarching position on knowledge and research security with China.
Reforming police accountability in the age of Treaty: The need for a new model
Authors: Chifflet Pascale , Griffin Laura , Rose Meribah
Published: December 2024

There is a consensus among practitioners, academics and those with lived experience of the police complaints system that the current police accountability regime in Victoria is unsafe and ineffective. Despite a slew of inquiries attesting to the problem and its ongoing harms, particularly to marginalised communities, reform in this area has been hard-won and minimal. However, we argue that the Yoorrook Justice Commission and upcoming Treaty negotiations offer an unprecedented opportunity for change, specifically through the establishment of a new independent police complaints and oversight body. We examine the essential features required of such a body to provide meaningful accountability in Victoria’s colonial context.
Bridging the justice gap: Inequity in provision of intermediary assistance for adults with disabilities
Authors: Stein Rukiya , Goodman-Delahunty Jane
Published: December 2024

This article provides a comparative analysis of the dual approach to the intermediary scheme currently in place in New South Wales, Australia. While legislation mandates witness intermediaries for child complainants and witnesses, there is no similar legislation for adults with disabilities. Our analysis underscores significant disparities, pointing to critical issues in access to justice for adult witnesses and defendants with disabilities, as compared to children.
The multiple ‘faces’ of burnout in clinical psychiatric practice
Authors: Parker Gordon
Published: December 2024

Objective

Burnout is commonly viewed as having three constituent symptoms forming a definable syndrome. This paper seeks to detail a number of burnout profiles as faced by psychiatrists in clinical practice and which can lead to diagnostic dilemmas.

Conclusions

While those with burnout appear less likely to present to psychiatrists than to other mental health practitioners, there appear to be a number of differing clinical profiles, and so arguing for consideration of a burnout syndrome in the differential diagnosis of some less prototypic clinical presentations.
Grand Challenge of Social Work's Harness Technology for Social Good: Scoping Review
Authors: Hitchcock Laurel Iverson , Sage Melanie , Scott Carol F. , Singer Jonathan , Beal Brendan , Glennon Alexis , Ziske Hannah Chambers , Ovalle Rachel
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The Grand Challenges for Social Work initiative addresses critical social problems through social work science. This scoping review examines the first 5 years (2015–2019) of the Harness Technology for Social Good challenge, mapping literature by social work researchers on technology's role in improving client system outcomes.

Methods

We mapped the existing social work literature published between 2015 and 2019 about using technology to address practice outcomes for client systems.

Results

Overall, we found a clear pattern in which social work researchers were contributing to the scholarship on technology-mediated interventions and providing evidence that technology had positive or helpful outcomes in work with client systems.

Discussion

While our scoping review was limited to English-language publications, which may have excluded significant scholarly work from non-English speaking regions, our findings indicate that social work scholars have significantly contributed to the scholarship on technology-mediated interventions, demonstrating positive impacts on practice outcomes.
Weightbearing Computed Tomography Evaluation of Acute SER4a Ankle Fractures
Authors: Michalski Max P. , Porter Giselle M. , Rockov Zachary A. , Little Milton T. M. , Moon Charles N. , Garlich John M. , Charlton Timothy P.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Supination external rotation (SER) fibula fractures with abnormal medial clear space (MCS) on stress radiographs that normalizes with weightbearing radiographs, termed SER4a ankle fractures, pose a challenge in treatment decision making. This study aims to quantify differences in joint contact area, tibiotalar rotation, and translation using weightbearing computed tomography (CT) scans in SER4a ankle fractures.

Methods:

Between November 2022 and September 2023, patients presenting with isolated Weber B fibula fractures were evaluated for inclusion. Adult patients presenting within 10 days of injury with an SER4a ankle fracture, and no history of ankle fractures or surgery, were included. Ten patients were enrolled and underwent bilateral ankle weightbearing CT scans. Disior Bonelogic Software was used to quantify joint contact area, tibiotalar rotation, and translation, with the uninjured ankle serving as the control.

Results:

Ten patients (4 male, 6 female) with an average age of 51 years were included. The average MCS measured 2.5 mm (SD 0.36) on weightbearing and 5.7 mm (SD 0.67) on stress radiographs. The difference in joint contact area between injured and healthy joints was 12.2 mm2 ( P = .085). Axial tibiotalar joint rotation averaged 6.6 degrees of increased external rotation on the injured extremity ( P < .001). The mediolateral distance between the center of the tibial plafond and center of the talar dome was increased 1.0 mm in the injured extremity ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

In this study evaluating 10 patients with acute SER4a ankle fractures, no difference in joint contact area was found between individuals’ healthy and injured ankles. However, differences in external rotation and lateral translation of the talus were observed on the injured ankle. The clinical effects of these tibiotalar rotational and translational changes are unknown.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides insight regarding in vivo changes in 3-dimensional alignment of SER4a ankle fractures that may influence future management of these fractures.
ECMO for Adult Respiratory Failure: A Rapid Review of Clinical and Service Delivery Evidence to Guide Policy in Wales
Authors: Pruski Michal , Beddard Michael , O’Connell Susan , Champion Andrew , Morris Rhys , Pugh Richard , Doull Iolo
Published: December 2024

Background

While several studies have summarised the clinical effectiveness evidence for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), there are no evidence syntheses of the impact of centres’ ECMO patient volume on patient outcomes or the impact of bedside ECMO care being delivered by either a perfusionist or a nurse. There is also limited information on the cost-effectiveness of ECMO.

Purpose

This review was carried out to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost of different service delivery models of pulmonary ECMO to inform NHS Wales commissioning policy.

Research Design

The study utilised rapid review methodology, consisting of a systematic literature search and the inclusion of the highest quality of evidence available.

Data Collection

Out of 1997 records identified via literature searches, 12 studies fell within the scope. The 2 meta-analyses comparing ECMO with lung-protective ventilation favoured ECMO.

Results

Five studies looking at the clinical impact of centre patient volume had large heterogeneity. Three studies estimated that with sufficient patient volume, nurse-delivered ECMO was cost-saving, with thresholds varying between 92 and 155 patient days per year. Three studies looked at the cost impact of ECMO delivery, with ECMO being cost incurring, but potentially cost-effective, with costs per patient being lower at higher volume centres.

Conclusions

The available evidence supports the use of ECMO in adult respiratory failure patients, despite it being cost-incurring. ECMO can be nurse-delivered without a significant negative impact on patient care. Yet decision-makers need to consider their local circumstances when making commissioning decisions.
Intraoperative OCT evaluation of the stability and centering of carlevale IOL with different intrascleral fixation techniques
Authors: Lo Giudice Gregorio , Brancato Claudio , Mancini Maura , Pioppo Antonino , Imburgia Aurelio
Published: December 2024

Background

To evaluate intrascleral plug stability and correct centring of the IOL in three different surgical techniques using intraoperative anterior segment OCT.

Methods

This retrospective scientific study was conducted by reviewing patient records from the Ophthalmology Unit at the Civico Hospital of Palermo, covering the period between 2021 and 2022. Three distinct groups of patients, each consisting of 7 eyes from 7 individual patients, were included in this study. The first group received a quadrangular scleral flap (3.5 × 3.5 mm) that covered intrascleral plugs. The second group had two intrascleral pockets created with the insertion of plugs inside these pockets. The third group had one intrascleral pocket created to cover the intrascleral plugs. Intraoperative anterior segment (AS)-OCT was used to monitor the positioning of the plugs and the tilt of the IOL. The analyzed parameters are: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), pachymetry, macular thickness, endothelial cell loss, intraoperative and postoperative complications, IOL tilting, and optic plate decentration.

Results

The examined parameters showed uniformity among the groups. Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subjective refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), pachymetry, and macular thickness exhibited no significant differences between the three groups. Endothelial cell loss ranged between 10.4% and 13.1% across the patient groups. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. No IOL tilting or optic plate decentration was reported. The duration of surgeries was similar among the groups.

Conclusions

The three different scleral fixation techniques have been shown to be equally effective, demonstrating the usefulness of intraoperative AS-OCT for the stability and centring of Carlevale IOLs.
The causal effect of agritourism on farm survival
Authors: Firgo Matthias , Pennerstorfer Dieter
Published: December 2024

We use three waves of census data containing detailed characteristics of the entire population of Austrian farms to examine the causal effect of agritourism on farm survival. To control for self-selection into agritourism, we exploit regional variation in tourism intensity that is exogenous to individual farms. On average, agritourism causally increases survival probabilities by 10.9 percentage points per decade, which is economically and statistically significant. Marginal effects differ by farm characteristics, reaching up to 15.3 percentage points for certain sub-populations. Consequently, policies that support entry into agritourism can be effective in keeping farms in the market and thus in preserving the tourist appeal of many rural regions. Our analysis indicates that the magnitude of the estimated coefficients is severely biased unless endogenous self-selection into agritourism is properly addressed. This underscores that even with large microdata sets, an appropriate identification strategy is critical to derive causal and thus policy-relevant conclusions.
Cobalt Chromium or Stainless Steel Balloon-Expandable Bare Metal Stents for Iliac Occlusive Disease?
Authors: Torsello Giovanni Federico , Stavroulakis Konstantinos , Chlouverakis Gregory , Torsello Giovanni Battista
Published: December 2024

Background:

To compare the performance of a new-generation cobalt-chromium balloon-expandable bare metal stent with a stainless steel platform for the treatment of iliac occlusive disease.

Methods:

Consecutive patients treated for symptomatic iliac occlusive disease between 2014 and 2021 with the cobalt-chromium Dynetic-35 or the stainless steel Dynamic platform were retrospectively evaluated. Outcome measures included technical success, device- or procedure-related death, clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), primary patency, and major index limb amputation up to 12 months.

Results:

In total, 222 Cobalt chromium (CC) stents were used in 159 patients (34.6% female; mean age 66.9 ± 9.5 years) for the treatment of 216 lesions, while 234 iliac lesions of 182 patients (34.6% female; mean age 66.3 ± 9.9 years) were treated with 252 stainless steel (SS) stents. The mean lesion length (30.2 ± 12.8 mm vs 28.7 ± 22.5 mm, p=0.36) and the mean calcification grade (2.0 vs 1.9, p=0.07) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Patients treated by the CC platform were more frequently on statins (p<0.001), whereas more active smokers and subjects with higher Rutherford class underwent a SS deployment (p<0.001). Technical success was significantly higher in the SS group (100% vs 97.3%; p=0.01). This was due to longitudinal deformation or stent dislocation after passing the Dynetic-35 with endovascular material. After 1 year, no difference was found following CC and SS stent deployment in terms of device- or procedure-related deaths (0.6% vs 1.1%, p=0.99), target limb amputations (1.9% vs 1.6%, p=0.99), primary patency (91.3% vs 93.5%), and CD-TLR (6.5% vs 2.8% p=0.07).

Conclusions:

Through 1 year, cobalt-chromium and stainless steel balloon-expandable stents are safe and effective in the treatment of iliac occlusive disease. Enhanced attention should be given passing the cobalt-chromium stent with endovascular devices to avoid procedural complications.

Clinical Impact

Stents with a thin-strut structure improve the flexibility and deliverability. The lower profile also increases the applicability lowering the risk of vascular access complications. In this study newer-generation cobalt chromium balloon-expandable stent did not confer advantages over stainless steel bare metal stent. On contrary, the technical success was inferior to stainless steel stents as longitudinal deformation or dislocation of the Dynetic-35 occurred. Therefore, enhanced attention should be given passing a Cobalt chromium stent with wires, catheters or sheaths to avoid stent deformation.
Synergetic antibacterial and UV-protective finishing of cotton fabric functionalized with copper oxide nanoparticles and phenolic compounds of Azolla Nilotica algae extracts
Authors: Moges Girma , Haile Adane , Firew Melse , Pawlos Mihret , Muche Sisay
Published: December 2024

A new approach for functional finishing of cotton fabric using copper oxide nanoparticles and the phenolic compound of Azolla nilotica algae extract synergistically. In this sense, green synthesis nanoparticles have gained enormous attention in today’s world due to the ongoing demand to develop risk-free and high-efficiency functional cotton fabric compared to other methods. This study carried out the green synthesis of CuONPs with algae extract as a reducing agent and CuSO4 as a metal precursor. Phenolic compounds were prepared from algae extract through liquid-phase separation and combined with CuONPs to enhance the functionality of cotton. CuONPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR spectral analysis, and a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The average particle size obtained was 21.59 nm. Optimization of process parameters for treating cotton fabric with CuONPs and phenolic compounds of algae extract was done using Box Behenken Design through the dip coating method. Finally, the fabric was evaluated for its multi-functionality in terms of antibacterial activity and percent blocking of ultraviolet radiation. From the optimization solution, the optimum values of 27.625 mm Zone of inhibition (ZOI) for gram-negative bacteria, 23.88 mm ZOI for gram-positive bacteria, and percent blocking of ultraviolet radiation with a value of 99.99% were obtained. In summary, the combination of CuONPs and phenolic compounds in Azolla notica algae extract possesses excellent potential for the functionalization of cotton fabric without affecting its comfort properties. Hence, they can be used as an inexpensive, promising, and efficient alternative for functional purposes.
Machine learning-based strain-load prediction of high-performance 3D woven fabrics
Authors: Li Mengru , He Jingwei
Published: December 2024

Strain-load is a critical aspect of high-performance textile composites, and testing and application of these materials require significant time, numerous samples, as well as extensive physical experimentation. To address these challenges, this study proposes the construction of machine learning prediction models as an alternative to traditional methods for assessing the strain-load performance of 3D woven fabrics. Four algorithms of Random Forest, Ridge Regressor, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Multi-layer Perceptron were investigated with different feature extraction strategies to predict the strain-load curves of 3D woven fabrics for both warp and weft directions as a whole. A total of 62 datasets sourced from the literature were investigated with 5-fold cross validation in model construction. The results indicate that the strain-load curves can be effectively simulated by different machine learning models basically, and more data with better feature extraction is expected to promote the prediction performance of constructed models in more application cases in future work.
Eroticism and Design Workshops in Game Interfaces: Exploring a Mobile Otome Game for Chinese Women
Authors: Liu Tingting , Lai Zishan
Published: December 2024

This article examines the interface design of otome games, focusing on how it reflects eroticism, heteropessimism, as well as the emergence of social media-driven design workshops in gaming for Asian women. Against the backdrop of heteropessimism—disillusionment with heteronormative relationships—the study uses Light and Night, a Chinese otome game, as a case study to explore these dynamics. Through digital ethnography and interviews with 58 players (32 from Light and Night), the research reveals that interface elements—such as graphics, audio, and operational sex-play on mobile devices—create immersive experiences catering to women’s erotic needs despite state censorship. Furthermore, social media platforms act as transgressive “design workshops,” where feedback from women gamers directly shapes game updates, reflecting both commercialized and censored forms of eroticism. This study underscores the overlooked role of female players in shaping the production and consumption of games in contemporary China, offering critical insights into the complexities of eroticism in game design.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Patients With Breast Cancer: Results of a Single Cohort in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Khandalavala Birgit , Carlson Sarah , Elsayed Lina , Geske Jenenne
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Physical activity and sedentary behavior have significant prognostic importance in survivors of breast cancer. However, not much is known about physical activity and sedentary behavior in the midwestern United States for patients who have breast cancer. This study provides patient-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior from a cohort of patients from the midwestern United States. Methods: A survey assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior from patients with all types of local or invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Demographic information and characteristics of participants’ breast cancer, including time since diagnosis, type of cancer, and remission status were gathered. Results: Data from 108 patients reveal diverse physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns. Seventeen individuals (15.9%) report not engaging in any form of physical activity and only 15.9% report meeting national guideline recommendations of greater than 150 minutes of moderate intensity-equivalent physical activity per week. A wide range of physical activity in minutes was reported across age, time since diagnosis, type of cancer and remission status, none of which was statistically significant. Participants report sitting or reclining an average of 6.1 hours (SD = 3.9) per day during a typical workday and 5.8 hours (SD = 3.8) on a typical non-workday. Conclusions: Our study provides information about physical activity and sedentary behavior in a cohort of midwestern patients with breast cancer and indicates that the majority of the patients could be at high risk for long-term adverse prognosis. Tailored lifestyle programs to enhance physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior are critical to improve outcomes. Our results indicate that clinicians should incorporate healthy lifestyle medicine recommendations for all patients living with breast cancer at any age or time since diagnosis, independent of cancer type or remission status.
Peristaltic flow of magnetized hyperbolic tangent fluid through an asymmetric channel in the presence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions
Authors: Sheikh Mariam , Rizwan Muhammad , Hasnain Jafar , Abbas Zaheer , Rafiq Muhammad Yousuf
Published: December 2024

The hyperbolic tangent fluid model accurately captures the shear-thinning phenomenon and is widely used in both laboratory experiments and industrial applications. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the key characteristics of the peristaltic flow of electrically conducting hyperbolic tangent fluid through an asymmetric channel, considering the effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Slip conditions at the sinusoidal channel walls are also incorporated. The resulting nonlinear equations are solved using the lubrication theory approximation, which is particularly relevant for predicting physiological characteristics, such as blood flow dynamics. Analytical solutions for velocity, pressure gradient, streamlines, and concentration distributions are obtained using the regular perturbation technique. The influence of various parameters on these distributions is presented through graphical analysis. Additionally, the pressure rise per wavelength along the channel walls is computed numerically. The results indicate that homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction parameters exhibit opposing effects on the concentration field. Furthermore, increasing the magnetic parameter leads to a reduction in fluid velocity. This study has practical applications, including the use of peristaltic pumps in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, particularly for drug delivery systems.
An improved robotic arm constant force control method for forward terrain sensing system on planetary rovers
Authors: Jia Lixin , Feng Lihang , Shi Jiantao , Wang Dong , Zhang Guangming , Su Chun-YI
Published: December 2024

The traversability of the terrain ahead of planetary rovers significantly impacts the success of their extraterrestrial exploration missions. Accurate perception of the terrain force through a forward wheel-on-limb detection system can provide crucial data for assessing the traversability of the terrain ahead. Existing constant force control methods, largely based on static terra mechanics models, struggle to meet the operational needs of planetary rovers in unknown environments. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved adaptive impedance control method for robotic arms in unknown soft terrain. First, a dynamic soft terrain model is established to simulate the unknown soft terrain environment. Based on this model, an improved adaptive impedance control method is designed, and its stability is rigorously proven. The proposed method is then comprehensively validated through simulation experiments, hardware-in-the-loop tests, and experiments using a planetary rover model in flat, inclined, and curved terrain scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed adaptive impedance control method.
Applied performance analysis practices in women's football
Authors: Harkness-Armstrong Alice , Seth Laura , Lowry Ruth , Datson Naomi
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the applied performance analysis (PA) practices within women's football. An online survey was developed to assess PA practices (team, individual and opposition match analysis, training analysis, coach behaviour analysis, best practice analysis, talent identification and recruitment, and game insights), use of technology, and considerations for PA practices within women's football. Thirty-nine participants (female n = 13; male n = 26) responsible for delivering PA within women's football completed the online survey between January and August 2023. Participants worked across different competitive levels of women's football (international n = 11; senior domestic top tier n = 12; senior domestic second tier n = 7, senior domestic third tier and below n = 9; youth (<U23) domestic n = 10), including seven participants who worked across multiple levels of competition. Participants predominantly conducted team (100%), individual (79%) and opposition (84%) match analysis, and training analysis (74%). Data collection and analysis, feedback mechanisms, and application of insights gained from PA practices typically varied across competitive standards. A wide variety of software were reported for data collection (e.g. HUDL, Veo), storing and managing data and/or video (e.g. HUDL, Veo), conducting statistical analysis (e.g. Microsoft Excel, R), and providing feedback (e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint, HUDL) across competitive standards. Thirty-one respondents identified specific considerations or challenges faced when implementing PA (e.g. limited resources (42%), data availability (19%), facilities (19%)). The findings of this survey can be used to inform and develop applied PA practices in women's football, education, and development opportunities for current and aspiring performance analysts.
Individualizing punishment: Grotius on the sacrifice of the innocent
Authors: Kim Joorahm
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the theological foundations in Grotius’ works, On the Satisfaction of Christ against Faustus Socinus and The Rights of War and Peace, highlighting the links between the atonement of Christ and other forms of human sacrifice. It suggests that the distinct changes regarding human sacrifice observed in Grotius’ argument across his works can largely be attributed to the political development of the Dutch theological controversies. In The Rights of War and Peace, Grotius takes a ‘secular turn’, creating a distinction between human and divine punishment while also differentiating between divine and human sacrifice of the innocent. Grotius’ revision of his position on human sacrifice resulted in two significant legacies in international law. Firstly, he shifted towards a universally applicable denunciation of the sacrifice of the innocent, thereby enhancing his critique of ‘barbarous’ practices. Secondly, he accentuated the distinctive status of individuals in international law through the prohibition of punishment transfer. The paper ultimately reveals how Grotius’ engagement with theological controversies considerably influenced his international political thought, and in turn, how theology played a crucial role in the formation of modern international law.