bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia las unidades de bibliometría en las universidades: modelo y funciones
Authors: Torres-Salinas Daniel , Jiménez-Contreras Evaristo
Published: August 2012

En los últimos años la bibliometría evaluativa se han consolidado firmemente como herramienta en la gestión de la investigación y toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la política científica. Una de las instituciones donde más está creciendo este uso es en las universidades españolas que cada vez se encuentran en un entorno más competitivo y tienen una mayor necesidad de conocer el rendimiento de sus investigadores. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto en el presente trabajo se expone una propuesta para la creación de unidades de bibliometría en las universidades españolas. El objetivo específico es, por tanto, ilustrar el modelo y funciones de dichas unidades que han de basarse en tres pilares fundamentales: control de las fuentes de la información, realización de informes y asesoramiento y formación. Además de la propuesta teórica se presentan diferentes ejemplos llevados a cabo en las Universidades de Navarra y Granada. El texto concluye subrayando la oportunidad laboral que supondría en el ámbito de la documentación este tipo de unidades.
Public on Conserving an Urban Wetland
Authors: Raj P. P. Nikhil , Azeez P. A.
Published: August 2012

The present study examines responses of the public to a proposed ecotourism program. Several individuals were randomly contacted in Kerala, India, to elicit their observations and responses to the proposed program, including residents, local travelers and workers. Though a large share of the sample population supported the project, anticipating that it would accelerate the development of the city and increase their annual earnings, many were unaware of the ecological importance of the mangrove wetland. Only 5% of the total sampled populations were aware of the importance of conserving wetland ecosystems in a growing city. This exemplifies the cheerless state of the environmental consciousness of the public in Kerala, despite that the city is among the most literate, socially advanced and environmentally cognizant populations in India. This study highlights the need for development of much deeper scientific consciousness among the public at large.
China-European Union Trade and Global Warming
Authors: Laike Yang , Chun Liao
Published: August 2012

The globalization of trade has numerous environmental implications. Trade results from a geographic separation of consumption and production. This creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution to other countries. China is now the world third biggest trader and the second biggest trade partner of EU. China has also overtaken the U.S. as the world biggest CO2 emitter since 2005. As China’s biggest trade partner, EU has a large trade deficit with China, but on the other hand, CO2 emissions embodied in Sino-EU trade are much more unbalanced than the trade imbalance itself. EU avoided a huge amount of CO2 emissions through trading with China. This lowers CO2 emissions in the EU and facilitates EU meeting its CO2 emission reduction targets, but it creates additional environmental burdens for China. In this paper, the dual imbalances between China and the EU, its mechanism, and policy implications will be presented.
Library Analytics on the Web 2.0 Era
Authors: Serrano-Cobos Jorge , Sellés Alicia , Lloret Nuria
Published: August 2012

Therefore, the authors study some useful clues to understand the need to integrate these tools beyond visual consistency by offering each other the functionalities needed by the service in order to provide information and technical difficulties inherent in this strategic and new state.
Library 2.0 and Personal Information Management
Authors: Corradini Elena , Pérez-Montoro Mario
Published: August 2012

In this chapter, the authors review current literature on personal information management to analyze how it is understood with the aim of reviewing the way in which individuals try to manage their personal information and whether libraries observe the information behavior of their community members to learn which is the best way to offer their services. At the end of this process, they show that a role for library professionals could be devised in being information management mediators for their community members in the digital world, helping them make sense out of chaos. This role is clearly linked to the development of information literacy programs in libraries.
Design
Authors: Pein Raoul Pascal , Lu Joan , Renz Wolfgang
Published: August 2012

In this chapter, a CBIR design based on previous work of the author (Pein, 2008) is presented. The available system already allows for a retrieval by a query string (Pein, Lu, & Renz, 2008a). In the context of this investigation, the system has been extended to support alternative user interfaces as well as a testing module used in the case studies below. Being a pure research prototype, the retrieval engine is optimized for generating accurate results in order to have a reliable data foundation. Further, the query language syntax and the constraints for a practical application of the learning algorithm are presented.
Premium International for Credit Services
Authors: Tooma Eskandar , Bassiouny Aliaa , El Mogui Nourhan
Published: August 2012

The case follows through the history of PICS, presenting the business model and the market for its products. It then moves on to outline the financial position of PICS over the period 2002-2005,which shows that, despite double-digit growth in revenue, the company has suffered from poor bottom lines that have put the company in severe financial distress.
Development and characterization of tri- and tetra-nucleotide polymorphic microsatellite markers for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Dammannagoda Sudath T , Chand Vincent , Mather Peter B
Published: August 2012

Skipjack tuna (SJT), Katsuwonus pelamis is the largest tuna fishery in all the major oceans around the world, and the largest marine fishery in Sri Lanka. Knowledge of genetic population structure and effective population size of SJT in the Indian Ocean and other major oceans, however, is still lacking for improved management practices and conservation strategies. We developed microsatellite genetic markers using SJT found around Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean, and characterized one tri- and seven tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci isolated from enriched genomic libraries from SJT, to provide tools for addressing both conservation and fisheries management strategies. Analysis of these eight microsatellite markers in two populations of SJT from eastern Sri Lanka (n = 44) and the Maldives Islands (n = 53) showed that all eight microsatellites were polymorphic with an average number of alleles per locus of 11.80 (range 5–27). Expected heterozygosities at marker loci ranged from 0.450 to 0.961. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among any loci pairs. These markers are currently being used to characterize population structure and extent of natural gene flow in SJT populations from the eastern and western Indian Ocean. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v41i1.4533 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 41 (1): 11-17, 2012
Identification of Sri Lankan shrews using hair anatomy
Authors: Menike Udeni , Manawadu Dinushika , Meegaskumbura Suyama
Published: August 2012

We report here characteristic features of hair anatomy of all twelve shrew species and subspecies occurring in Sri Lanka. They can be reliably identified using hair anatomy, in most cases by a single characteristic feature. We examined cross-sections, cuticular scale patterns, medulla patterns and made measurements (length and maximal diameter) of dorsal guard hairs (GH1 and GH2). We also provide a dichotomous key for identification of shrew species and subspecies based on hair anatomy supported by reference illustrations of cross-sections, photomicrographs of cuticular scales and medullae. Cross-sections of GH2 hairs are characteristic to most species and seven species (Solisorex pearsoni, Feroculus feroculus, Crocidura miya, C. hikmiya, C. horsfieldii, Suncus zeylanicus and S. fellowesgordoni) can be distinguished using cross-sections of GH2 hairs alone. Cuticular scale patterns are also characteristic to species and subspecies of S. murinus, even with variation within species and among hairs of individuals. Medulla pattern is of least importance in shrew species identification, since all have unicellular ladder pattern, but can be used in combination with other characters to distinguish certain species based on whether the ladder pattern is regular or irregular. Hair measurements alone cannot be used in species identification except for S. etruscus, which has the shortest guard hairs among the shrews studied. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v41i1.4537 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 41 (1): 45-66, 2012
Field survey of postharvest handling of cut flowers produced in the Up country of Sri Lanka for the local market
Authors: Weeraratne TP , Daundasekera WAM , Wijesundara DSA
Published: August 2012

Cut flowers produced for the local market come mainly from the Up-country region of Sri Lanka. Using a questionnaire, a field survey was carried out to find out information on aspects of postharvest handling and postharvest losses in Up-country produced cut flowers supplied to the local market. Forty-seven personnel involved in the cut flower handling chain in and around Nuwara Eliya town, Ragala, Bandarawela and Kandy were interviewed. A variety of postharvest problems related to Up-country cut flower production were identified. Inadequate knowledge on proper pre-and postharvest handling methods among the majority of farmers and sellers contributed largely to considerable postharvest losses in cut flowers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v41i1.4538 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 41 (1): 67-70, 2012
Urban rodents as potential reservoirs of zoonoses: a parasitic survey in two selected areas in Kandy district
Authors: Sumangali K , Rajapakse RPVJ , Rajakaruna RS
Published: August 2012

Urban rodents play an important role in public health being reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases. Screening of rodents for ecto and endoparasites from two selected urban areas, Peradeniya and Pilimathalawe in Kandy district was carried out to assess their potential as reservoirs of zoonoses. Rodents were caught live using single-catch rat traps from July 2006 to February 2007. Six traps were set twice a week and three rodent species, the common house rat, Rattus rattus (n = 17), the Indian house mouse, Mus musculus (n = 2), and bandicoot, Bandicota indica (n = 2) were examined. Of the eleven species of parasites found, five were zoonotic namely, Hymenolepis diminuta, Moniliformis moniliformis, Cysticercus fasciolaris, Raillietina sp. and Xenopsylla cheopis. Tapeworms were the predominant parasitic group (52.4%) of which C. fasciolaris (42.7%) was the most common type followed by strongyle type eggs (19.0%). Among the infected rodents, 23.8% had mixed infections of H. diminuta, X. cheopis and M. moniliformis as well as that of H. diminuta, Raillietina sp. and C. fasciolaris. Although Raillietina madagascariensis was recorded in R. rattus in 1954, none of the rats examined in subsequent studies or in the present study were infected with Raillietina. However, one bandicoot was infected with Raillietina sp. in the present study which presents a new host record. Urban rodents carry many zoonotic infections and urbanization is in favour of the spread of these infections to humans specifically in developing countries where the communities are socio-economically challenged. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v41i1.4539 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 41 (1): 71-77, 2012
Longest legume inflorescence in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasuriya AH Magdon
Published: August 2012

The recent record of an unusually long inflorescence of Cassia fistula ('Ehela') from Sri Lanka, reaching up to 238 cm can be considered as the longest recorded legume inflorescence. In the world of legumes, records surpassing such lengths are very rare and are not well authenticated. Therefore, the present record can be considered as a strong contender for the longest inflorescence in the legume family. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v41i1.4540 Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 41 (1): 79-82, 2012
A survey of antimicrobial usage in animals in South Africa with specific reference to food animals
Authors: Eagar Hayley , Swan Gerry , Van Vuuren Moritz
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to set a benchmark for a monitoring and surveillance programme on the volumes of antimicrobials available and consumed by animals for the benefit of animal health in South Africa. This survey was collated from data available from 2002 to 2004. The authorised antimicrobials available in South Africa were firstly reviewed. The majority of available antimicrobials were registered under the Stock Remedies Act 36 1947. Secondly, volumes of antimicrobials consumed were then surveyed and it was found that the majority of consumed antimicrobials were from the macrolide and pleuromutilin classes, followed by the tetracycline class, the sulphonamide class and lastly the penicillin class.Results showed that 68.5% of the antimicrobials surveyed were administered as in-feed medications. 17.5% of the total volume of antimicrobials utilised were parenteral antimicrobials, whereas antimicrobials for water medication constituted 12% of the total and ’other‘ dosage forms, for example the topical and aural dosage forms, constituted 1.5% of the total. Intramammary antimicrobials represented 0.04% of the total. The surveillance systems for veterinary antimicrobials used by other countries were scrutinised and compared. It was concluded that a combination of the surveillance systems applied by Australia and the United Kingdom is the best model (with modifications) to apply to the animal health industry in South Africa. Such a surveillance system, of the volumes of veterinary antimicrobials consumed, should ideally be implemented in conjunction with a veterinary antimicrobial resistance surveillance and monitoring programme. This will generate meaningful data that will contribute to the rational administration of antimicrobials in order to preserve the efficacy of the existing antimicrobials in South Africa.
Efficacy of Diverse Antiparasitic Treatments for Cysticercosis in the Pig Model
Authors: Gonzalez Armando E. , Bustos Javier A. , Jimenez Juan A. , Rodriguez Mary L. , Ramirez Mercy G. , Gilman Robert H. , Garcia Hector H.
Published: August 2012

Taenia solium cysticercosis infects pigs and humans. Because antiparasitic treatment for human cysticercosis has sub-optimal efficacy, alternative regimes are needed. Seven antiparasitic regimens were tested in 42 naturally infected pigs with cysticercosis, and compared with prednisone alone (n = 6) or no treatment (n = 6). The numbers of viable cysts in muscles and in the brain were examined after necropsy and were significantly decreased in pigs receiving combined albendazole plus praziquantel, albendazole alone, or oxfendazole. Pigs receiving praziquantel alone and nitazoxanide had numerous surviving cysts. Control (untreated) pigs and prednisone-treated pigs had many more viable cysts, suggesting no effect. Combined albendazole plus praziquantel, and oxfendazole, showed a strong cysticidal effect and provide suitable alternative treatments to be further explored for their use for treatment of human neurocysticercosis.
Application of an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model for Predicting the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Li Qi , Guo Na-Na , Han Zhan-Ying , Zhang Yan-Bo , Qi Shun-Xiang , Xu Yong-Gang , Wei Ya-Mei , Han Xu , Liu Ying-Ying
Published: August 2012

The Box-Jenkins approach was used to fit an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal Syndrome (HFRS) in China during 1986–2009. The ARIMA (0, 1, 1) × (2, 1, 0)12 models fitted exactly with the number of cases during January 1986–December 2009. The fitted model was then used to predict HFRS incidence during 2010, and the number of cases during January–December 2010 fell within the model's confidence interval for the predicted number of cases in 2010. This finding suggests that the ARIMA model fits the fluctuations in HFRS frequency and it can be used for future forecasting when applied to HFRS prevention and control.
Prevalence of Anemia and Its Risk Factors Among Children 6–36 Months Old in Burma
Authors: Zhao Ai , Zhang Yumei , Peng Ying , Li Jiayin , Yang Titi , Liu Zhaoyan , Lv Yanli , Wang Peiyu
Published: August 2012

Anemia is a common nutritional problem, and it has a remarkably high prevalence rate in Southeast Asia. In this study, children from 6 to 36 months were investigated to determine (1) the prevalence of anemia and (2) risk factors associated with anemia. Convenience sampling was used to select three villages in three different regions in Burma. Hemoglobin and anthropometric indicators were measured for 872 children. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with anemia. The overall prevalence of anemia was 72.6%, with 40.0% having severe anemia. Predictors of anemia are a young age (P < 0.001), mother with anemia (P < 0.001), height-for-age Z score < −2 (P = 0.017), low family income (P < 0.001), mothers without primary education (P = 0.007), drinking unboiled water (P = 0.029), and fever in the last 3 months (P = 0.001). There is a high prevalence of anemia in children, and their nutritional status is quite poor. To control anemia, humanitarians and governments should launch comprehensive interventions.
Evaluation of a Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform for West Nile Virus Detection Based on United States Mosquito Control Programs
Authors: Kesavaraju Banugopan , Farajollahi Ary , Lampman Richard L. , Hutchinson Michael , Krasavin Nina M. , Graves Sonya E. , Dickson Sammie L.
Published: August 2012

The rapid analyte measurement platform (RAMP) system is an immunoassay test for West Nile virus (WNV) detection. Although reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology has been regarded as the gold standard for confirming WNV presence, usage of RAMP testing kits has increased in the past years. We collected RAMP test result data that were subsequently confirmed with RT-PCR methodology from mosquito control agencies to evaluate the efficacy of the RAMP testing. Results indicate that there are a high number of false positives (RAMP positive, RT-PCR negative) with RAMP testing. Correlation between RAMP unit values and RT-PCR cycle threshold values were varied depending on the primer/probe being compared. Comparison of RT-PCR results (on the same samples) between laboratories also indicates variation among the procedures and their potential to influence the RAMP testing efficacies. We discuss the potential issues and solutions that could prevent the high rate of false positives.
Insecticide-Treated Plastic Sheeting for Emergency Malaria Prevention and Shelter among Displaced Populations: An Observational Cohort Study in a Refugee Setting in Sierra Leone
Authors: Burns Matthew , Rowland Mark , N'Guessan Raphael , Carneiro Ilona , Beeche Arlyne , Ruiz Stefani Sesler , Kamara Sarian , Takken Willem , Carnevale Pierre , Allan Richard
Published: August 2012

A double-blind phase III malaria prevention trial was conducted in two refugee camps using pre-manufactured insecticide-treated plastic sheeting (ITPS) or untreated polyethylene sheeting (UPS) randomly deployed to defined sectors of each camp. In Largo camp the ITPS or UPS was attached to inner walls and ceilings of shelters, whereas in Tobanda the ITPS or UPS was used to line only the ceiling and roof. In Largo the Plasmodium falciparum incidence rate in children up to 3 years of age who were cleared of parasites and monitored for 8 months was 163/100 person-years under UPS and 63 under ITPS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33–0.47). In Tobanda incidence was 157/100 person-years under UPS and 134 under ITPS (AOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75–0.95). Protective efficacy was 61% under fully lined ITPS and 15% under roof lined ITPS. Anemia rates improved under ITPS in both camps. This novel tool proved to be a convenient, safe, and long-lasting method of malaria control when used as a full shelter lining in an emergency setting.
Limited Susceptibility of Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) to Leprosy after Experimental Administration of Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: Walsh Gerald P. , Dela Cruz Eduardo C. , Abalos Rodolfo M. , Tan Esterlina V. , Fajardo Tranquilino T. , Villahermosa Laarni G. , Cellona Roland V. , Balagon Maria V. , White Valerie A. , Saunderson Paul R. , Walsh Douglas S.
Published: August 2012

Cynomolgus monkeys are a useful model for human tuberculosis, but susceptibility to M. leprae is unknown. A cynomolgus model of leprosy could increase understanding of pathogenesis—importantly, neuritis and nerve-damaging reactions. We administered viable Mycobacterium leprae to 24 cynomolgus monkeys by three routes, with a median follow-up period of 6 years (range = 1–19 years) involving biopsies, nasal smears, antiphenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1) antibody serology, and lepromin skin testing. Most developed evanescent papules at intradermal M. leprae inoculation sites that, on biopsy, showed a robust cellular immune response akin to a lepromin skin test reaction; many produced PGL-1 antibodies. At necropsy, four monkeys, without cutaneous or gross neurological signs of leprosy but with elevated PGL-1 antibodies, including three with nasal smears (+) for acid fast bacilli (AFB), showed histological features, including AFB, suggestive of leprosy at several sites. Overall, however, cynomolgus monkeys seem minimally susceptible to leprosy after experimental M. leprae administration.
Serum Aspergillus Galactomannan for the Management of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in AIDS
Authors: Rivière Sébastien , Denis Blandine , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth , Lanternier Fanny , Lecuit Marc , Lortholary Olivier
Published: August 2012

Disseminated histoplasmosis is an emerging infection in patients with cellular immune deficiency in non-endemic countries, caused by the migration from endemic regions and the development of travels. Diagnosis can be challenging in this context because rapid diagnostic tools such as Histoplasma antigen detection or appropriate molecular tools are generally unavailable, serology is often negative in immunosuppressed patients, and isolation of the fungus from cultures often takes several weeks. Here, we report the contribution of galactomannan serum detection for the management of an HIV-infected patient with disseminated histoplasmosis.
Drug Coverage Surveys for Neglected Tropical Diseases: 10 Years of Field Experience
Authors: Worrell Caitlin , Mathieu Els
Published: August 2012

Mass drug administration is one of the public health strategies recommended by the World Health Organization for the control and elimination of seven neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Because adequate coverage is vital to achieve program goals, periodically conducting surveys to validate reported coverage to guide NTD programs is recommended. Over the past decade, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and collaborators conducted more than 30 two-stage cluster household surveys across three continents. The questionnaires gathered coverage data and information relevant to improving NTD programs including NTD-related attitudes and practices. From the 37 coverage survey estimates obtained in those surveys, 73.3% indicated an over reporting of coverage, including all three that assessed school-based distributions. It took an average of 1 week to conduct a survey. Our experiences led us to conclude that coverage surveys are useful and feasible tools to ensure NTD elimination and control goals are reached.
Physician identification of opioid diversion: A difficult diagnosis
Authors: Reisfield, MD Gary M. , Sloan, MD Paul A.
Published: August 2012

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Palliative care in the management of lung cancer: Analgesic utilization and barriers to optimal pain management
Authors: Simone II, MD Charles B. , Vapiwala, MD Neha , Hampshire, BSN Margaret K. , Metz, MD James M.
Published: August 2012

Objective: Little data exist on assessing pain medication utilization among lung cancer patients or on the reasons they fail to receive optimal analgesic treatment. This study evaluates those reasons and investigates perceived causes of pain among individuals with lung cancer.Design: An institutional review board-approved Internet-based questionnaire was posted on http://www.oncolink.org that included 22 queries evaluating analgesic utilization, pain control, and attitudes regarding analgesics.Patients and participants: Between November 2005 and July 2008, 90 respondents with lung malignancies participated. Respondents were Caucasian (89 percent), male (54 percent), and had non-small-cell lung cancer (79 percent), smallcell lung cancer (12 percent), or mesothelioma (9 percent).Results: Respondents underwent surgery (48 percent), chemotherapy (58 percent), and radiotherapy (44 percent). Most respondents (92 percent) reported experiencing pain, with 52 percent attributing pain directly to cancer, 38 percent to cancer treatment, and 67 percent unsure of the primary cause. Among respondents experiencing pain, 33 percent did not use analgesics. Analgesic utilization was less in men (p = 0.050) but did not differ by minority status (p = 0.127), education level (p = 0.37), or lung cancer histology (p = 0.134). Analgesic use was higher in subjects receiving radiotherapy (p = 0.002) and chemotherapy (p = 0.013) but not surgery (p = 0.16). Reasons for not taking analgesics included fear of addiction/dependence (76 percent), healthcare providers not recommending medications (71 percent), and inability to pay for analgesics (56 percent). Participants pursued physical therapy (76 percent) and other complementary modalities (24 percent) for pain control.Conclusions: Many individuals with lung cancer perceive pain from both their disease and their cancer treatment. However, some study respondents did not use analgesics due to concerns of addiction, cost, or their healthcare providers not recommending analgesics. Medical professionals providing medical management for lung cancer patients should make pain management a priority and regularly discuss pain symptoms and pain management with patients.
Should morphine dosing be weight based for analgesia in the emergency department?
Authors: Patanwala, PharmD Asad E. , Edwards, PharmD Christopher J. , Stolz, MD Lori , Amini, MD Richard , Desai, MD Amol , Stolz, PhD, MPH Uwe
Published: August 2012

Objective: To determine if patient weight is predictive of the degree of analgesic response to morphine in opioid naïve patients in the emergency department (ED).Design: Prospective observational study.Setting: Academic, tertiary ED, designated as a level 1 trauma center.Patients: Fifty opioid naïve adult patients who were administered a single fixed intravenous dose of 4 mg morphine on initial presentation to the ED.Interventions: Pain was assessed at baseline and then repeated at 15- and 30-minute postdose using an 11-point (0-10) verbal numerical rating scale (NRS).Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was maximum analgesic response, which is defined as the difference between initial pain score and lowest pain score achieved postdose at 15 or 30 minutes. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between maximum pain reduction and patient weight.Results: Mean patient weight was 85.4 kg (standard deviation= ±24.2; range 47.6-170). Median initial pain score was 8 (range 6-10) and median lowest pain score achieved postdose was 4 (range 0-10). In the linear regression analysis, patient weight did not predict the degree of pain reduction on the NRS (coefficient = 0.002 [95% confidence interval (CI)= −0.029-0.032], R2 <0.001, p = 0.91). The only variable predictive of the degree of pain reduction was initial pain score (coefficient = 0.537 [95% CI = 0.013-1.061], R2 = 0.081, p = 0.045).Conclusions: Patient weight was not significantly associated with the degree of analgesic response to morphine in opioid naïve adults. Morphine dosing based on patient weight alone is not necessary in adults in the ED.
Intravenous use of illicit buprenorphine/naloxone to reverse an acute heroin overdose
Authors: Yokell, ScB Michael A. , Zaller, PhD Nickolas D. , Green, PhD, MSc Traci C. , McKenzie, MPH Michelle , Rich, MD, MPH Josiah D.
Published: August 2012

A case of heroin overdose reversed through the intravenous (IV) administration of a crushed sublingual tablet of buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone®) by a lay responder is described. Although the sublingual administration of buprenorphine/naloxone to reverse an overdose has been reported elsewhere, this is the first report of IV administration. Healthcare professionals should be aware that injection drug users may respond to an opioid overdose by injecting buprenorphine/naloxone and should consequently counsel all opioid-using patients on the proper response to an overdose. Physicians should also consider prescribing naloxone to at-risk patients. The work of community-based naloxone distribution programs should be expanded.
Affect of genetic polymorphisms on pain perception and pain management in lung cancer survivors
Authors: Kapoor, MD Shailendra
Published: August 2012

no abstract
Dexmedetomidine and its increasing application in nonopioid detoxification
Authors: Kapoor, MD Shailendra
Published: August 2012

no abstract
Combined effects of surface conditions, boundary layer dynamics and chemistry on diurnal SOA evolution
Authors: Janssen R. H. H. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J. , Ganzeveld L. N. , Kabat P. , Jimenez J. L. , Farmer D. K. , van Heerwaarden C. C. , Mammarella I.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We study the combined effects of land surface conditions, atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and chemistry on the diurnal evolution of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in the atmospheric boundary layer, using a model that contains the essentials of all these components. First, we evaluate the model for a case study in Hyytiälä, Finland, and find that it is able to satisfactorily reproduce the observed dynamics and gas-phase chemistry. We show that the exchange of organic aerosol between the free troposphere and the boundary layer (entrainment) must be taken into account in order to explain the observed diurnal cycle in organic aerosol (OA) concentration. An examination of the budgets of organic aerosol and terpene concentrations show that the former is dominated by entrainment, while the latter is mainly driven by emission and chemical transformation. We systematically investigate the role of the land surface, which governs both the surface energy balance partitioning and terpene emissions, and the large-scale atmospheric process of vertical subsidence. Entrainment is especially important for the dilution of organic aerosol concentrations under conditions of dry soils and low terpene emissions. Subsidence suppresses boundary layer growth while enhancing entrainment. Therefore, it influences the relationship between organic aerosol and terpene concentrations. Our findings indicate that the diurnal evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the boundary layer is the result of coupled effects of the land surface, dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer, chemistry, and free troposphere conditions. This has potentially some consequences for the design of both field campaigns and large-scale modeling studies.
Multifractal analysis of interplanetary magnetic field obtained during CME events
Authors: Bolzan M. J. A. , Rosa R. R.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. In this paper, we have analyzed the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) obtained by ACE satellite during the coronal mass ejection events. The characterization of the IMF fluctuations was performed using the singular power spectra deviations obtained from a wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) approach. The results suggest the existence of different multifractal processes driving the intermittency during and after the CME events on the IMF time series. The characteristic time scales found, using the WTMM, and possible related physical mechanisms are discussed in the context of nonlinear interplanetary magnetic field response.
Fire-derived organic carbon in soil turns over on a centennial scale
Authors: Singh N. , Abiven S. , Torn M. S. , Schmidt M. W. I.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Pyrogenic carbon (PyC), the residue of an incomplete combustion of biomass, is considered as a carbon (C) sink due to its assumed stability in soil. PyC turnover time estimated using two modelling approaches, based on data from 16 published studies (n = 54) on PyC degradation, ranged from a decadal to centennial time scale, varying with initial biomass type, pyrolysis temperature, and incubation or field study. The average turnover time using a one-pool approach was 88 y, and the best estimate using a two-pool approach was 3 y for a fast-cycling pool and 870 y for a slow-cycling pool. Based on this meta-analysis, PyC cannot be assumed to persist in soils for thousands of years, and its use as a strategy for offsetting carbon emissions requires prudence and further research.
REQUEST ANALYSIS OF DGPS/IMU ON THE AIR-BORNE INSAR SYSTEM
Authors: Lou L. , Zhang J. , Zheng H. , Liu Z.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The DGPS/IMU can measure position and velocity extremely high, and it is widely used in air-borne InSAR system. The passage based on the DGPS/IMU's action in the airborne InSAR system, makes sure the interference phase accuracy, from the analysis of the interference phase accuracy influence by InSAR imaging motivation compensation makes sure the interference phase accuracy, and analyzes the system's request of DGPS/IMU from the DEM accuracy's influence by DGPS/IMU's surveying error. At last the paper advances the accuracy request of the DGPS/IMU system, and provides basis for the InSAR system's selection of DGPS/IMU system.
CALIBRATION OF LOW COST DIGITAL CAMERA USING DATA FROM SIMULTANEOUS LIDAR AND PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYS
Authors: Mitishita E. , Debiasi P. , Hainosz F. , Centeno J.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Digital photogrammetric products from the integration of imagery and lidar datasets are a reality nowadays. When the imagery and lidar surveys are performed together and the camera is connected to the lidar system, a direct georeferencing can be applied to compute the exterior orientation parameters of the images. Direct georeferencing of the images requires accurate interior orientation parameters to perform photogrammetric application. Camera calibration is a procedure applied to compute the interior orientation parameters (IOPs). Calibration researches have established that to obtain accurate IOPs, the calibration must be performed with same or equal condition that the photogrammetric survey is done. This paper shows the methodology and experiments results from in situ self-calibration using a simultaneous images block and lidar dataset. The calibration results are analyzed and discussed. To perform this research a test field was fixed in an urban area. A set of signalized points was implanted on the test field to use as the check points or control points. The photogrammetric images and lidar dataset of the test field were taken simultaneously. Four strips of flight were used to obtain a cross layout. The strips were taken with opposite directions of flight (W-E, E-W, N-S and S-N). The Kodak DSC Pro SLR/c digital camera was connected to the lidar system. The coordinates of the exposition station were computed from the lidar trajectory. Different layouts of vertical control points were used in the calibration experiments. The experiments use vertical coordinates from precise differential GPS survey or computed by an interpolation procedure using the lidar dataset. The positions of the exposition stations are used as control points in the calibration procedure to eliminate the linear dependency of the group of interior and exterior orientation parameters. This linear dependency happens, in the calibration procedure, when the vertical images and flat test field are used. The mathematic correlation of the interior and exterior orientation parameters are analyzed and discussed. The accuracies of the calibration experiments are, as well, analyzed and discussed.
CALIBRATION PROCEDURES IN MID FORMAT CAMERA SETUPS
Authors: Pivnicka F. , Kemper G. , Geissler S.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. A growing number of mid-format cameras are used for aerial surveying projects. To achieve a reliable and geometrically precise result also in the photogrammetric workflow, awareness on the sensitive parts is important. The use of direct referencing systems (GPS/IMU), the mounting on a stabilizing camera platform and the specific values of the mid format camera make a professional setup with various calibration and misalignment operations necessary. An important part is to have a proper camera calibration. Using aerial images over a well designed test field with 3D structures and/or different flight altitudes enable the determination of calibration values in Bingo software. It will be demonstrated how such a calibration can be performed. The direct referencing device must be mounted in a solid and reliable way to the camera. Beside the mechanical work especially in mounting the camera beside the IMU, 2 lever arms have to be measured in mm accuracy. Important are the lever arms from the GPS Antenna to the IMU's calibrated centre and also the lever arm from the IMU centre to the Camera projection centre. In fact, the measurement with a total station is not a difficult task but the definition of the right centres and the need for using rotation matrices can cause serious accuracy problems. The benefit of small and medium format cameras is that also smaller aircrafts can be used. Like that, a gyro bases stabilized platform is recommended. This causes, that the IMU must be mounted beside the camera on the stabilizer. The advantage is, that the IMU can be used to control the platform, the problematic thing is, that the IMU to GPS antenna lever arm is floating. In fact we have to deal with an additional data stream, the values of the movement of the stabiliser to correct the floating lever arm distances. If the post-processing of the GPS-IMU data by taking the floating levers into account, delivers an expected result, the lever arms between IMU and camera can be applied. However, there is a misalignment (bore side angle) that must be evaluated by photogrammetric process using advanced tools e.g. in Bingo. Once, all these parameters have been determined, the system is capable for projects without or with only a few ground control points. But which effect has the photogrammetric process when directly applying the achieved direct orientation values compared with an AT based on a proper tiepoint matching? The paper aims to show the steps to be done by potential users and gives a kind of quality estimation about the importance and quality influence of the various calibration and adjustment steps.
RIGOROUS IMAGE FORMATION FROM AIRBORNE AND SPACEBORNE DIGITAL ARRAY SCANNERS
Authors: Theiss H. J.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Sensor builders in the digital era have design limitations due to the constraint of maximum available digital array size. A straightforward solution exists, for example, when four cameras that each simultaneously captures an image from essentially the same perspective centre; they can be re-sampled to form a virtual large format image that can be exploited using a single (instead of four separate) instantiation of a frame model. The purpose of this paper is to address the less trivial time-dependent cases where the sensor scans the ground and the detector arrays obtain chips of imagery that need to be stitched together to form a single conveniently exploitable image. Many operational techniques warp the imagery to form a mosaic, or ortho-rectify it using an imperfect digital surface model (DSM), thus eliminating the possibility for accurate geolocation and uncertainty estimation. This algorithm, however, forms a single virtual image with associated smooth metadata, which can be exploited using a simple physical sensor model. The algorithm consists of four main steps: 1) automated tie point matching; 2) camera calibration (once per sensor); 3) block adjustment; and 4) pixel re-sampling based on an "idealized" virtual model. The same geometry model used to form the image, or its true replacement, must be used to exploit it. This paper verifies the algorithm using real imagery acquired from the Global Hawk (GH) UAV. Registration of the virtual image to a WorldView1 stereopair using four tie points yielded an RMS below 0.6 meters per horizontal axis.
PROPERTY OF THE LARGE FORMAT DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERA DMC II
Authors: Jacobsen K. , Neumann K.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Z/I Imaging introduced with the DMC II 140, 230 and 250 digital aerial cameras with a very large format CCD for the panchromatic channel. The CCDs have with 140 / 230 / 250 mega pixel a size not available in photogrammetry before. CCDs in general have a very high relative accuracy, but the overall geometry has to be checked as well as the influence of not flat CCDs. A CCD with a size of 96mm × 82mm must have a flatness or knowledge of flatness in the range of 1μm if the camera accuracy in the range of 1.3μm shall not be influenced. The DMC II cameras have been evaluated with three different flying heights leading to 5cm, 9cm and 15cm or 20cm GSD, crossing flight lines and 60% side lap. The optimal test conditions guaranteed the precise determination of the object coordinates as well as the systematic image errors. All three camera types show only very small systematic image errors, ranging in the root mean square between 0.12μm up to 0.3μm with extreme values not exceeding 1.6μm. The remaining systematic image errors, determined by analysis of the image residuals and not covered by the additional parameters, are negligible. A standard deviation of the object point heights below the GSD, determined at independent check points, even in blocks with just 20% side lap and 60% end lap is standard. Corresponding to the excellent image geometry the object point coordinates are only slightly influenced by the self calibration. For all DMCII types the handling of image models for data acquisition must not be supported by an improvement of the image coordinates by the determined systematic image errors. Such an improvement up to now is not standard for photogrammetric software packages. The advantage of a single monolithic CCD is obvious. An edge analysis of pan-sharpened DMC II 250 images resulted in factors for the effective resolution below 1.0. The result below 1.0 is only possible by contrast enhancement, but this requires with low image noise, demonstrating the very good radiometric image quality.
SENSOR++: SIMULATION OF REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS FROM VISIBLE TO THERMAL INFRARED
Authors: Paproth C. , Schlüßler E. , Scherbaum P. , Börner A.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. During the development process of a remote sensing system, the optimization and the verification of the sensor system are important tasks. To support these tasks, the simulation of the sensor and its output is valuable. This enables the developers to test algorithms, estimate errors, and evaluate the capabilities of the whole sensor system before the final remote sensing system is available and produces real data. The presented simulation concept, SENSOR++, consists of three parts. The first part is the geometric simulation which calculates where the sensor looks at by using a ray tracing algorithm. This also determines whether the observed part of the scene is shadowed or not. The second part describes the radiometry and results in the spectral at-sensor radiance from the visible spectrum to the thermal infrared according to the simulated sensor type. In the case of earth remote sensing, it also includes a model of the radiative transfer through the atmosphere. The final part uses the at-sensor radiance to generate digital images by using an optical and an electronic sensor model. Using SENSOR++ for an optimization requires the additional application of task-specific data processing algorithms. The principle of the simulation approach is explained, all relevant concepts of SENSOR++ are discussed, and first examples of its use are given, for example a camera simulation for a moon lander. Finally, the verification of SENSOR++ is demonstrated.
ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF HRSI-BASED GEOPOSITIONING USING LEAST SQUARES COLLOCATION
Authors: Shen Y. , Li C. , Qiao G. , Liu S.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Rational function model with bias compensation has been widely used in geopositioning of High Resolution Satellite Imagery (HRSI). We studied the geopositioning issue using a pair of QuickBird imagery in the Shanghai urban area with 126 Control Points (CPs) measured by GPS RTK. We proposed in this paper a stochastic model of HRSI geopositioning in which we modeled the random observed error and signal parts, then the Least Squares Collocation (LSC) is suggested to process the geopositioning with such kind of stochastic model. In order to correctly determine the variance components of the observed random error and signal parts, the variance components estimation of MINQUE is applied to compute the variance components for the LSC approach. And the cofactor matrix of signals is computed according to a prior given function. Then the same pair of QuickBird imagery is processed by using LSC approach with the stochastic model of this paper. In the experiments parts of the CPs are used as Ground Control Points (GCPs) to compute the bias-corrected parameters and parts of them are used as check points to calculate the root mean square errors for different schemes. Experimental results show that the proposed LSC approach for affine transformation model could improve geopositioning accuracy significantly, about 15 cm numerically (15% on average), even better than secondorder bias-corrected model with the same GCPs.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR MAPPING UNDERGROUND UTILITY LINES WITH GROUND PENETRATING RADAR IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Cazzaniga N. E. , Pagliari D. , Pinto L.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an active instrument often used to detect underground utility locations up to a few meters. To perform a three-dimensional reconstruction of position and geometry of the surveyed features, the accuracy of GPR position data has to be in the order of 20-30 cm. This requirement is easily attainable using a GNSS system in open sky conditions, while in urban areas signal leakage is frequent, leading to inadequate position accuracy or even positioning failure. Usually, in those cases, GPS/INS navigation systems are used, but they are quite an expensive solution. To determine the position of the GPR, another strategy could be utilizing a photogrammetric method that uses information extracted from a large scale map, often available for towns. In this paper, the characteristics of this procedure and some possible configurations of cameras are described. Results obtained from preliminary tests are hereby presented and discussed to demonstrate that the proposed methodology could achieve the required precision.
AN OPTIMAL IMAGING-SCHEDULING ALGORITHM FOR THE MULTI-STRIP IMAGING-MODE OF THE HIGH-RESOLUTION AGILE SATELLITES BASED ON CERTAIN STEP-SIZE SEARCH
Authors: Yang B. , Wang M. , Jin S. , Pan J.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. The high flexibility of the agile satellite can significantly improve its ability to obtain data. Compared with ordinary satellite platforms, the imaging-scheduling is more important, and is the basis to ensure the efficiency and quality of data for the agile satellite. To be aimed at the multi-strip imaging-mode of the agile satellite, from the perspective of the image-quality, a imagingscheduling algorithm based on certain step-size search in the multi-strip imaging-mode of the agile satellite is proposed , and the influence of the selection of the imaging time-window on the multi-strip image quality is analyzed quantitatively through the experimental data. The results show that the optimal image data can be obtained through the image-scheduling algorithm.