bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mengasuh Anak dengan Cinta
Authors: Ndruru Yulima
Published: September 2023

Anak adalah individu unik yang memiliki berbagai potensi yang dibawa sejak lahir. Akan tetapi, masih banyak orang tua yang tidak mengerti siapa anak, sehingga mengabaikan kebutuhan batin anak. Seharusnya orang tua memberi stimulus atau rangsangan yang dapat mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa seharusnya orang tua mengasuh anak dengan penuh kasih sayang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan dengan sarana literatur. Yakni dengan menggunakan buku, jurnal sebagai bahan referensi. Mengasuh anak dengan penuh kasih sayang adalah kewajiban orang tua. Sebab rasa aman, nyaman, percaya diri, disayang dan merasa tentram di dapatkan oleh anak dari orang tua. Untuk itu, orang tua dituntut untuk mengasuh anak dengan hati yang tulus, menjadi tempat belajar bagi anak, tempat bermain, tempat berbagi cerita, dan yang tidak kalah penting yaitu memberi teladan yang baik bagi anak. Orang tua harus menerapkan pola asuh yang dapat mendukung perkembangan anak secara holistik. Pola asuh yang dapat diterapkan orang tua untuk mengasuh anak yaitu pola asuh otoriter, pola asuh permisif dan pola asuh demokratis.
GRSF1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1, encoded by GRSF1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. GRSF1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of GRSF1 in primary tumors was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of GRSF1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Effects of Group Formation on Student Satisfaction and Performance: A Field Experiment
Authors: Müller Adrienne , Bellhäuser Henrik , Konert Johannes , Röpke René
Published: September 2023

This study analyzes the relation of group formation on outcomes of a 4-week online course for prospective students. Group formation was experimentally manipulated based on predefined criteria, personality traits conscientiousness and extraversion. As research questions, groups were considered advantageous if they were formed (a) heterogeneously in extraversion, and (b) homogeneously in conscientiousness. As a result, no uniform outcome was identified. Most variance could be explained on group level, but no significant main effect for experimental grouping was found. Significant interaction between both main effects hint that the results do not provide final answers, but guidance for further research.
Understanding the Spatial Dimension of Youth Intergroup Contact in a Post-Accord Society
Authors: Picard Pier Luc Dupont , Ali Shazza , Manley David , Schaefer Daniel , Taylor Laura K. , McKeown Shelley
Published: September 2023

Understanding how to promote better social relations between groups in divided societies is vital for peacebuilding efforts. Building on the substantial body of research on intergroup contact theory and everyday multiculturalism, the present research aimed to examine how youth in the socially divided society of Belfast, Northern Ireland, experience social interactions in everyday urban spaces. Ten youth aged 16-18 (n = 2 Protestant female, 1 Protestant male, 4 Catholic female, 2 Catholic male and 1 mixed religious background trans male) were recruited to take part in the research. Everyday contact experiences were explored using photovoice, a participatory method. Following engagement with a series of photography workshops and tasks, youth took part in focus group discussions and later, walking interviews (n = 3) to discuss the factors that influence their social interactions. Five main themes to explain youth contact experiences in context were uncovered: geographical and socio-economic constraints on space use; group-based spatial cognitions, emotions, and behaviour; lived experience and social discourses; markers of identity; and intergroup norms. Taken together, findings highlight key individual and structural processes through which public spaces become used or not by young people from different community backgrounds. Implications for research and practice for promoting intergroup contact and peace in socially divided societies are discussed.
Can’t make it better nor worse: An empirical study about the effectiveness of general rules of item construction on psychometric properties
Authors: Pargent Florian , Hilbert Sven , Eichhorn Kathryn , Bühner Markus
Published: September 2023

Some of the most popular psychological questionnaires violate general rules of item construction: precise, positively keyed items without negations, multiple aspects of content, absolute statements or vague quantifiers. To investigate if following these rules results in more desirable psychometric properties, 1733 participants completed online either the original NEO Five-Factor Inventory, an “improved” version whose items follow the rules of item construction, or a “deteriorated” version whose items strongly violate these rules. We compared reliability estimates, item-total correlations, CFA model fit, and fit to the partial credit model between the three versions. Neither of the manipulations resulted in considerable or consistent effects on any of the psychometric indices. Our results question the ability of standard analyses in test construction to distinguish good items from bad ones, as well as the effectiveness of general rules of item construction. To increase the reproducibility of psychological science, more focus should be laid on improving psychological measures.
Modeling Interactions between Multivariate Learner Characteristics and Interventions: A person-centered Approach
Authors: Tetzlaff Leonard , Edelsbrunner Peter Adriaan , Schmitterer Alexandra Maria Anna , Hartmann Ulrike , Brod Garvin
Published: September 2023

Demonstrating differential effectiveness of instructional approaches for learners is difficultbecause learners differ on multiple dimensions. The present study tests a person-centeredapproach to investigating differential effectiveness, in this case of reading instruction. In N =517 German third-grade students, latent profile analysis identified four subgroups thatdiffered across multiple characteristics consistent with the simple view of reading: poordecoders, poor comprehenders, poor readers, and good readers. Over a school year, differentinstructional foci showed differential effectiveness for students in these different profiles. Aninstructional focus on vocabulary primarily benefited good readers at the expense of poordecoders and poor comprehenders, while a focus on advanced reading abilities benefittedpoor comprehenders at the expense of poor decoders and good readers. These findings are incontrast to those obtained by multiple regression, which, because they focused on only onelearner characteristic at a time, would have suggested different and potentially misleadingimplications for instruction. Thus, this study provides initial evidence for the advantages of aperson-centered approach to examining differential effectiveness.
Improved perception of aggression under (un)related threat of shock
Authors: Silva Fábio , Garrido Marta , Soares Sandra
Published: September 2023

Anxiety shifts visual attention and perceptual mechanisms, preparing oneself to detect potentially threatening information more rapidly. Despite being demonstrated for threat-related social stimuli, such as fearful expressions, it remains unexplored if these effects encompass other social cues of danger, such as aggressive gestures/actions. To this end, we recruited a total of 65 participants (university students) and asked them to identify, as quickly and accurately as possible, potentially aggressive actions depicted by an agent. By introducing and manipulating the occurrence of electric shocks, we induced safe and threatening conditions. In addition, the association between electric shocks and aggression was also manipulated. Our result showed that participants have improved sensitivity, with no changes to criterion, when detecting aggressive gestures during threat compared to safe conditions. Furthermore, drift diffusion analysis showed that under threat participants exhibited faster evidence accumulation toward the correct perceptual decision. Lastly, the relationship between threat source and aggression appeared to not impact any of the effects described above. Overall, our results indicate that the benefits gained from states of anxiety, such as increased sensitivity towards threat and greater evidence accumulation, are transposable to social stimuli capable of signaling danger other than facial expressions.
Boosting Yourself? Associations Between Momentary Self-Esteem, Daily Social Interactions, and Self-Esteem Development in Late Adolescence and Late Adulthood
Authors: Wagner Jenny , Wieczorek Larissa Lucia , Brandt Naemi
Published: September 2023

Research over the past two decades has repeatedly shown that the evaluation of one’s own worth—trait self-esteem—is closely linked to the quality of social relationships and perceptions of social inclusion. However, there is limited evidence on the dynamics between momentary self-esteem and perceptions of social inclusion in everyday life, as well as on their possible long-term (bottom-up) effects on the development of trait self-esteem. We addressed this research gap using longitudinal data from a German multi-methodological study (N = 324) in which N = 235 late adolescents (Mage = 17.7; 76% female) and N = 89 older adults (Mage = 63.8; 64% female) were followed over one year. Based on three trait questionnaires with six-month intervals and a 7-day experience-sampling burst at the first measurement point, we investigated momentary dynamics in self-esteem and longitudinal change by using multilevel and latent growth modeling. Results confirmed the positive association between momentary self-esteem and perceptions of social inclusion in everyday life, that is, self-esteem reactivity in both age groups. In addition, both self- and other reports showed a consistent increase in trait self-esteem over one year. However, because the slope parameters did not indicate substantial interindividual variance, we were unable to test for bottom-up effects of self-esteem reactivity. We discuss the importance of daily social experiences for momentary self-esteem in late adolescence and late adulthood, but also point to the need for further multi-methodological research.
Hora do conto drag e guerras culturais
Authors: Sequeiros Paula
Published: September 2023

Partindo da análise crítica de textos de investigação jornalísticos e científicos sobre a hora do conto drag em bibliotecas públicas e escolas nos EUA, procura-se a compreensão tanto da defesa da sua existência como dos ataques em escalada dirigidos à sua eliminação. Identificam-se agentes, ideias e ideologias que se têm confrontado em disputas pela hegemonização da censura e pelo mainstreaming da liberdade de expressão na leitura pública com temas e pessoas LGBT+. Para tanto, avança-se um quadro teórico construído a partir de conceitos e abordagens à questão das guerras culturais em curso. Propõem-se reflexões sobre como a diversidade social e a bibliodiversidade contêm valores e direitos pela justiça social que a democracia requer. -- Starting from a critical analysis of journalistic and scientific research texts about the Drag Story Hour in public libraries and schools in the USA, an understanding of both the defense of its existence and the escalating attacks directed to its elimination is sought. Agents, ideas and ideologies, that have confronted in disputes over the hegemonisation of censorship and the mainstreaming of freedom of expression in public reading with LGBT+ content and people, are identified. To this purpose, a theoretical framework built from concepts and approaches to the issue of ongoing cultural wars is advanced. A reflection is suggested on how social diversity and bibliodiversity contain values and rights for social justice that democracy requires.
Decarbonization, hegemonic projects, and the green growth policy-planning network: the case of Québec
Authors: Viens Nicolas , Sapinski Jean Philippe , Laurin-Lamothe Audrey , Pineault Éric
Published: September 2023

Since 2010, grassroots-led socio-ecological movements in Québec, Canada played a key role in overturning carbon extractivist proposals. Building on their successes, these groups now aim to move energy transition debates toward a broader conception of transition that includes radical social justice and post-capitalist alternatives. Meanwhile, corporate actors and the state enlisted major ENGOs and union federations into various technocentric “green growth” projects. These hegemonic and counter-hegemonic struggles define how transition unfolds in the province, yet few have studied how actual social actors organize to carry out these divergent responses to the climate crisis. We develop a structural analysis of the green growth policy-planning network in Québec. Starting from five organizations at the core of transition debates, we analyze the network of board interlocks they are embedded in. We describe the overall structure of the network and its main corporate, civil society, and individual actors. Analysis outlines the possibility of a new power bloc forming, positioned around the green growth project and the cleantech sector, close to achieving dominance in Quebec, that would threaten deeper decarbonization efforts. Thus, despite the recent ban on petroleum extraction, like elsewhere, energy transition in Quebec still faces deep social and ecological contradictions.
Modes of Presentation and Patterns of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shah Prashant , Bista Madhab , KC Heera
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims: Percutaneous coronary interventions have been provided in various hospitals of Nepal for more than two decades. Hence, we aimed to study the percutaneous coronary intervention revascularization status in patients with coronary artery disease at a tertiary center of eastern Nepal.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital from 1st Aug to 30th Feb 2023. Ninety seven coronary artery disease patients (Unstable angina, Non ST elevated Myocardial Infarction ST elevated Myocardial Infarction and Stable Angina) requiring percutaneous coronary interventions were enrolled. Patient socio-demography and findings of percutaneous coronary intervention were recorded, entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by SPSS 23.

Results: Majority 30(31.3%) had unstable angina.  Left main coronary artery was normal in all patients. Severe stenosis was found in 58(59.7%) of left anterior descending artery, 32(32.9%) of right  coronary artery and 29(29.8%) of left circumflex artery. Total occlusion was found in 10(10.3%) of left anterior descending artery, 8(8.2%) of right coronary artery and 6(6.2%) of left circumflex artery. Majority 68(70.1%) of patients had elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusion: The most common mode of presentation of coronary artery disease was unstable angina and majority have severe stenosis. The preferred intervention was elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
Predictive Value of EuroSCORE II in a Nepalese Tertiary University Hospital – Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Bashyal Krishnaprasad , Baral Ravi Kumar , Bhattarai Anil , Khakural Prabhat , Kadel Prashiddha B. , Koirala Bhagawan
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims: The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) is an important tool for risk stratification in cardiac surgery. Updated EuroSCORE II (ESC II) is widely regarded as essential for risk stratification and several studies validate its efficacy, but these are fewer in Southern Asia and none in Nepal.  Aim of this study was to compare the predicted versus observed early mortality in adults undergoing major cardiac surgeries in Nepalese population.
Methods:  A prospective observational study was  conducted from September 2019 to May 2021 at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center. Calibration and discrimination  of scoring system were main parameters analyzed in total sample and subgroups. Discrimination were observed by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating area under curve (AUC). Two sample t test, McNemar’s test, Fisher’s exact t test and Chi square test were used to derive P value.
Results: In this study, 249 patients were evaluated. Poor mortality prediction was shown by statistically significant p value <0.05 across all surgical groups. AUC for total cases, CABG and valve surgeries were 0.835, 0.766, 0.82 respectively.
Conclusion The present study underpredicted mortality but displayed good discrimination for overall cardiac surgeries, with excellent discrimination in valve surgeries. As current sample is not entirely comparable to parent study, weak calibration could be attributed to it as etiology was mostly rheumatic with poorer cardiopulmonary reserve in this study versus degenerative etiology in original study.
Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Rheumatic Mitral Valve Stenosis
Authors: Koirala Poonam , Ghimire Asmita , Ojha Neebha , Koirala Ishita
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims: Rheumatic heart disease is still one of the most common heart lesion in developing countries. The maternal and fetal hazards increase with the severity of Mitral stenosis. This study was aimed to determine the fetomaternal outcome in women with mitral stenosis during pregnancy.
Methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional study which included all pregnant patients with isolated rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. Major adverse outcomes studied were cardiac failure, thromboembolic event, admission in cardiac care or intensive care unit, atrial fibrillation, endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac death.
Results: Out of 3194 pregnant women, 31 had mitral stenosis. Their mean age was 27 years, mean mitral valve area 1.43cm2 and majority were primigravida (61.29%). Among them, symptomatic cardiac failure was present in 6.66%, 30% and 66.66% of mild, moderate and severe mitral stenosis respectively. The chances of cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, preterm delivery and small for gestational age babies was high in all patients without having percutaneous trans-luminal mitral commissurotomy than those who underwent the procedure for moderate to severe mitral stenosis during pregnancy.
Conclusion: There were high chances of adverse fetomaternal outcome in pregnant women with mitral stenosis. Cardiac failure was found to be increased with the severity of mitral stenosis. PTMC during pregnancy resulted in decreased cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, preterm delivery and small for gestational age babies.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with balloon-expandable valve in low-flow low-gradient severe aortic stenosis in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Chandra Mani , Timalsena Birat Krishna , Bogati Amrit , Khan Barkadin , Acharya Anjana , Ghimire Vijay , Mehta Kshitij , Prajapati Dipanker
Published: September 2023

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is the most preferred treatment of aortic stenosis in elderly patients at high surgical risk; however, few data exist on the adoption of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the management of low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis patients. We present a recent case experience with a 77-year-old man suffering from low-flow, low-gradient, symptomatic severe aortic stenosis with concomitant coronary artery lesions in the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries. He was treated successfully with balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve implantation after the percutaneous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery lesion. Post-procedural and 30-day follow-ups showed good functional and hemodynamic improvements with the mean aortic gradient of 3 mmHg (baseline: 30 mmHg) without residual paravalvular leakage. Our first experience with a balloon-expandable transcatheter valve was satisfactory as we observed clinical efficacy and good performance of the balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve in low-flow, low-gradient, symptomatic severe AS patients.
Demystifying Cardiac Amyloidosis with Cardiac MRI: A case report
Authors: Neupane Nirmal Prasad , Rajlawot Kritisha , Tamrakar Rikesh , Koirala Keshika , Ghimire Ram Kumar , Lohani Benu
Published: September 2023

Amyloidosis refers to the accumulation of amyloid fibrils in different organs of the body that may result in the dysfunction of the organ systems. Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an accumulation of amyloid fibrils in cardiac tissue that leads to an increase in the thickness and mass of the ventricular wall inducing progressive and restrictive infiltrative cardiomyopathy. We present here a case of 62-year-old male with complaints of shortness of breath on exertion, abdominal distention, and leg edema, had elevated jugular venous pressure, pedal edema, and ascites. Echo findings showed biventricular wall thickening, restrictive left ventricular inflow pattern in pulse wave Doppler, and strain pattern characteristic of an infiltrative process. He was thus referred for a cardiac MRI for further evaluation with the suspicion of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Based on the CMR findings and the clinical scenario, the patient underwent a rectal mucosal biopsy that was confirmative of systemic amyloidosis.
Assesment of bacteria to control the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors:   , Cardoso Jorge Franco Maringoli
Published: September 2023

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is an agricultural pest of worldwide relevance. Being a polyphagous, cosmopolitan organism with high reproductive rates, it is capable of affecting 1100 plant species and about 150 crops. Their infestations reduce the productivity of the field and can cause the death of plants. The main technique used for its control is the application of chemical pesticides that in many cases are not efficient and lead to the selection of resistant populations. As an alternative to the use of pesticides, biological control has been highlighted, where species of bacteria are capable of producing secondary metabolites with insecticidal action, showing potential as biological control agents. Thus, this work aimed to assess bacterial strains for the control of T. urticae. A screening was performed with previously selected 104 strains from the Collection of Microorganisms of the Laboratory of Biological Control, in the Advanced Centre of Research on Plant Protection and Animal Health (CAPSA). After the screening, the three strains that caused the highest mortality percentages were selected for a multiple rates test by dilution of the bacterial cultures to 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%. The three most effective strains (365, 268 and 321b) were molecularly identified as Serratia sp 365, Bacillus sp 268 and Heyndrickxia sp 321b. The bacteria with the highest performance, Serratia sp 365, was selected for a test on macaúba (Acromia aculeata) seedlings production. The experiment consisted of 6 treatments represented by the bacterial culture diluted at rates of 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%, and by the two controls water and liquid culture. For the rate test, the three best strains Serratia sp 365, Bacillus sp 268 and Heyndrickxia 321b showed LC50 of 38.67%; 57.32% and 150.65%, respectively. For the test with Serratia sp 365 on macaúba, the highest rates (40% and 20%) suppressed the mite population and the egg density after a single application of the bacterium. The two lowest rates (5% and 10%) suppressed the population and eggs only after two applications.
Carga viral das estirpes de citrus leprosis virus C e seu potencial impacto na epidemiologia da leprose dos citros
Authors:   , Barro Matheus Potsclam
Published: September 2023

A leprose dos citros (LC) é a doença viral que mais afeta a citricultura brasileira. Embora causada por diferentes patógenos, o cilevírus citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) é o agente prevalente no país. Duas linhagens deste vírus, CiLV-C_SJP (São José do Rio Preto) e CiLV-C_CRD (Cordeirópolis), têm sido identificadas nos pomares comerciais do cinturão citrícola brasileiro, situado nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Os sintomas característicos da infecção por CiLV-C são manchas necróticas e/ou cloróticas localizadas nos frutos, ramos e folhas principalmente de laranjeiras doce (Citrus x sinensis L. Osbeck). A estirpe CiLV-C_SJP foi identificada pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo em 2016. Após o sequenciamento do seu genoma e estabelecimento de um método específico de detecção, percebeu-se que a estirpe SJP é prevalente dentro do cinturão citrícola, mas ausente das outras áreas de produção de citros no Brasil e no exterior. Visando contribuir e esclarecer as bases moleculares desta distribuição diferencial das estirpes, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a carga viral das estirpes SJP e CRD mediante a quantificação absoluta do genoma viral nos tecidos de frutos e folhas de laranjeiras doce. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um método de detecção baseado em PCR quantitativo com sondas de hidrólise (RT-qPCR). Os iniciadores e as sondas foram desenhados tomando em conta a variabilidade genética reconhecida em mais de 70 isolados virais das duas estirpes. Para o desenvolvimento e a caracterização do método foram construídas curvas padrão para cada estirpe utilizando plasmídeos recombinantes. Os iniciadores específicos para os segmentos alvo dentro do gene RdRp das estirpes SJP e CRD foram validados mediante RT-PCR de ponto final e RT-qPCR com fluoróforos intercalantes. Por fim, o método RT-qPCR por sondas de hidrólise demonstrou ter alto coeficiente de determinação (> 0,9) e eficiências de amplificação de E= 1,0 e E= 0,99 para as estirpes CRD e SJP, respectivamente. Duzentas e quatorze amostras de frutos de laranjas doce com sintomas de leprose, coletadas entre 2017 e 2022 em pomares comerciais ou não, e 140 lesões obtidas de folhas de diferentes locais foram avaliadas mediante ensaios de RT-qPCR com sondas específicas. Observou-se que a estirpe SJP alcança um acúmulo de até nove vezes mais moléculas virais que a CRD, e sua carga viral nos frutos é ao menos três vezes superior que em folhas. Baseado nesses resultados, discutiu-se a possível vantagem adaptativa da estirpe SJP e a sua relação com a epidemiologia do CiLV-C. O estudo provê, ainda, dados que podem contribuir com a compreensão da interação das estirpes de CiLV-C com as variedades de copa e sua relação com possíveis fatores agroambientais dos diferentes setores do cinturão citrícola de São Paulo e Minas Gerais.
Seleção de isolados de Trichoderma spp. para o controle biológico de Meloidogyne spp. em cana-de-açúcar e tomateiro
Authors:   , Haddad Patrícia Elias
Published: September 2023

A cana-de-açúcar está entre as maiores commodities mundiais e é acometida por diversas doenças e pragas. Os nematoides de galhas são uns dos mais destrutivos para a cultura, e usualmente são combatidos com produtos químicos, por isso a busca por tecnologias mais limpas para o meio ambiente e a saúde humana está cada vez maior. O objetivo desse trabalho foi selecionar isolados de Trichoderma com capacidade de promover crescimento e controlar Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica. em cana-de-açúcar e plantas de tomate. Os isolados avaliados foram submetidos a testes de confronto direto e indireto contra os nematoides para verificar capacidade de parasitismo, liberação de compostos tóxicos voláteis e não voláteis e produção de quitinases. Nos ensaios in vivo foi avaliada a promoção de crescimento das plantas e o controle dos nematoides. Os resultados mostram que nove dentre os 16 isolados de Trichoderma avaliados foram capazes de parasitar os ovos de M. incognita. Todos emitiram metabólitos voláteis que reduziram a taxa de eclosão de J2 e dentre eles cinco isolados causaram 100% de mortalidade dos juvenis. Todas as cepas degradaram quitina em meio sólido e cinco apresentaram atividade quitinolítica em meio líquido. Nos ensaios in vivo todos os isolados colonizaram o sistema radicular da variedade de cana-de-açúcar IAC-SP-95-5000, mas somente dois (IB18/03 e IB 19/17) promoveram o crescimento das plantas com aumentos de até 32 e 29%. Os isolados IB 07/01, IB 18/03, IB 19/17, IB 22/08 e IB 38/11 reduziram a população de M. incognita em cana-de-açúcar em até 89,6% (IB 22/08). Nos ensaios com M. javanica não houve controle dos nematoides diretamente nas plantas. Houve uma redução na viabilidade dos ovos e J2 provenientes das raízes da cana, que foi refletida em menor infectividade e reprodução no bioensaio inoculado em tomate. Os isolados de Trichoderma IB 07/01 e IB 43/14 demonstraram capacidade de reduzir as futuras gerações de M. javanica em plantas de cana-de açúcar, provando ser uma excelente ferramenta para ser utilizada dentro do manejo integrado de nematoides de galha
State, problems and prospects of land use in agriculture
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Tambov region, Russia, Minakov Ivan A. , Dubovitski Alexander А. ,   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Tambov region, Russia
Published: September 2023

The economic efficiency of the use of land resources has a significant impact on the effectiveness of agriculture. In Russia there are significant areas of agricultural land resources and at the same time there is a great potential for expanding their involvement in the process of agricultural production. The use of various types of land is characterized by moderate fluctuation in dynamics and a fairly low level in general, high dispersion in the context of regions and forms of management. In recent years, there has been an increase in the efficiency of agricultural production in Russia, accompanied by an increase in cost and in-kind indicators of the economic efficiency of land use, and multidirectional trends in the dynamics of indicators in kind in the context of individual crops. Regional differences in the level of economic efficiency of land use are determined by the structure of acreage, the ratio of production in different categories of farms and the level of intensity of land use. Structuring the land capacity allows you to localize the potential value of the release of agricultural land and the increase in production volumes.
Ecology, weather and climatic conditions and food prices in the 1st quarter of 2023
Authors:   VIAPI named after A.A. Nikonov is a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Sobolev Oleg S.
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the volume of carbon dioxide emissions on farmlands of the Russian Federation. There is an excess of the volume of carbon dioxide mineralization over the volume of emissions on forest and agricultural lands of the Russian Federation. The statistics of producer prices and consumer prices for food in Russia, the EU and the USA in the 1st quarter of 2023 are compared.
Uricosuric effect of dandelion root extract on oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats
Authors: Khallawi Khairullah M. , Hameed Basim J. , Neamah Nadheerah F.
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to investigate the uricosuric effect of dandelion plant extracts in hyperuricemic rats induced by potassium oxonate (PO).

Methods. Hyperuricemia was induced in rats using PO, and dandelion root extracts were administered to observe their impact on uric acid (UA) levels. The study involved adult male Swiss rats weighing approximately 150–180 grams, randomly divided into five groups (n = 6). Group 1 served as the normal control group with no treatment. Group 2 received PO only. Group 3 received oral administration of 50 mg/kg of dandelion extract in 0.5 ml of distilled water (DW) daily. Group 4 was orally administered 100 mg/kg of dandelion powder in 0.5 ml of DW daily. Group 5 was orally treated with allopurinol.

After 12 days, the rats were euthanized using chloroform inhalation, and their sera were collected directly from the heart for biochemical analysis of serum UA, urinary uric acid (UUA), as well as other liver and renal biochemical parameters.

Results. The study revealed that hyperuricemic rats treated with the dandelion solution experienced a significant decrease in blood UA levels and a significant increase in UUA levels. Dandelion treatment also influenced xanthine oxidase activity, with no significant differences observed in liver and kidney functions.

Conclusion. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that dandelion extract significantly reduces UA levels through uricosuric activity and demonstrates significant XO inhibitory effects.
Comparison of sleep quality in patients undergoing hemodialysis and renal transplant recipients
Authors: Parmaksız Ergün , Parmaksız Elif Torun
Published: September 2023

Low sleep quality is a prevalent health issue among patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy. Our objective was to assess and compare sleep quality between patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and kidney transplant recipients.

Methods. This observational, cross-sectional study recorded socio-demographic data and medical histories. The study comprised two groups: patients undergoing HD for at least one year and kidney transplant recipients with a successful renal transplant over six months. Each participant completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results. The study encompassed 56 HD patients and 35 age and gender-matched renal transplant recipients. The mean age of the entire study population was 47.97±12.92 years (ranging from 23 to 77), with 49 (53.8%) being males. PSQI scores were ≥5 in 57 patients, including 21 transplant recipients and 36 undergoing HD patients. PSQI results exhibited no significant difference between the transplant and HD groups. The mean sleep quality score was 5.69±2.95 in the transplant group and 5.72±3.29 in the HD group, with no statistically significant difference.

Conclusions. PSQI scores were similar in patients undergoing HD and transplant recipients with well-preserved renal functions. Identifying low sleep quality is essential for enhancing the overall quality of life.
Correction of the prooxidant-antioxidant balance disorders in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Nesen A. , Semenovykh P. , Galchiskaya V. , Yakymenko Yu. , Chernyshov V.
Published: September 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin therapy on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Methods. A total of  88 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) were included in this single-center randomized open-label prospective study. All patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 45 patients received a standard course of treatment, which included antidiabetic drugs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins). In addition to the standard therapy, the remaining 43 patients were prescribed the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin 10 mg per day. Patients were re-examined after 6 months of treatment. The blood PAB was calculated as the ratio of total hydroperoxides (THP) to total antioxidant activity (TAA). The level of THP and TAA was determined by the colorimetric method.

Results. PAB was significantly elevated in type 2 DM patients with nephropathy due to TAA decrease and THP level increase when compared to the control group. The highest values of PAB were found in the late stages of DN in patients with glomerular filtration rates <60 ml/min/1.73m2. In patients who received dapagliflozin, significant PAB elevation by 30,55% (р < 0.05) was observed as well as THP decrease and TAA increase in blood. In the standard therapy group, no significant changes in PAB parameters were detected.

Conclusions. Add-on treatment with dapagliflozin resulted in a more significant improvement of the PAB in patients with DN in comparison with standard treatment.
The Impact of Online Reflective Practice-oriented Assessment on the Self-efficacy of Turkish EFL Pre-service Teachers: A Case Study
Authors: KAÇAR Işıl Günseli
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this mixed-methods case study is to explore the impact of online reflective practice-based assessment, virtual mentoring and video-mediated self-assessment on the self-efficacy of Turkish pre-service teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in a practicum course in the 2021/2022 academic year. The Turkish version of Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy scale by Capa, et al. (2005) was used to collect the quantitative data. Paired sample t-test was employed in the quantitative data analysis. Semi-structured interviews, reflection journals, and video-mediated post-teaching self-assessment forms were utilized in the qualitative data collection. Thematic content analysis was used in the qualitative data analysis. Findings indicated while verbal persuasion and enactive mastery experiences were regarded as the main self-efficacy sources for pre-service EFL teachers, affective states were also found influential in their self-efficacy perceptions. The study revealed the favorable impact of virtual mentoring and video-mediated self-assessment on pre-service EFL teachers’ self-efficacy development.

Key words: online, reflective, practice-based assessment, self-efficacy, EFL pre-service teacher
Assay of Diphtheria Vaccine Potency by Intradermal Challenge Test
Authors: Komarovskaya E. I. , Perelygyna О. V.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Modern identifying potency (immunogenicity) of diphtheria toxoid tests are based on determining immunized animals resistance for administration challenge toxin or evaluation of protective antibodies level in serum. In Russia to assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid (DT) the challenge lethal method has been used for more than 60 years, challenge is based on determination of potency via its possibility to defend immunized animals from lethal doses of diphtheria toxin. This method is used as «golden standard». Last decade European Union Regulatory politic is headed to reduce of using animals in pharmaceutical practice, "The Three Rs" approach. In frameworks of this approach alternative methods of evaluating immunogenicity DT were purposed, particularly, intradermal challenge method. Within this test the potency of diphtheria toxoid is evaluated by its possibility to protect immunized animals from intradermal administration of diphtheria toxin. In the production of a number of foreign vaccines intradermal challenge test is used for assessing potency.

Aim. Comparative characteristics of methods of lethal challenge test and intradermal challenge tests to determine the potency of diphtheria toxoid in combined vaccines and toxoids made in Russia.

Materials and methods. Materials of domestic and foreign manufacturers were used in the work: combined vaccines for diphtheria prevention, diphtheria toxins, reference-vaccine. The determination of the potency of diphtheria toxoid was carried out on guinea pigs by pharmacopoeias methods: lethal challenge test and intradermal challenge tests.

Results. To assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid using, a technique was used in accordance with WHO recommendations; for this, guinea pigs similar in sensitivity to diphtheria toxin to Dunkin Hartley pigs were selected. The suitability of the diphtheria toxin used in Russia for determining the potency of diphtheria toxoid by the method of intradermal challenge test was assessed when evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines for the prevention of diphtheria. Comparative tests of the intradermal challenge tests and lethal challenge tests were carried out to determine the potency of diphtheria toxoid.

Conclusions. The conducted studies have demonstrated the fundamental possibility of using the intradermal challenge tests to assess the potency of diphtheria toxoid. However, for a number of factors, such as the variability of results, the number of animals, etc., the intradermal challenge tests is inferior to the method of lethal challenge tests in assessing the potency of diphtheria vaccines in routine practice.
Mucosal Vaccines against Bacterial and Viral Pathogens
Authors: Suvorov A. N. , Kramskaya Т. A. , Gupalova T. V. , Desheva Yu. A. , Leontieva G. F.
Published: September 2023

The mucosal membranes of the human body play a crucial role in the development, maintenance, and regulation of barrier functions and immune homeostasis, representing an integral component of the overall immune system. Mucosal vaccines elicit immune processes in the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosal membranes. A critical objective of mucosal immunization is the identification of an antigen delivery vector capable of ensuring optimal vaccine efficacy. The authors of this article have conducted extensive research on the probiotic properties of enterococci over an extended period. They employ a safe and beneficial probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium L3, as a delivery vector for vaccine antigens. Initially, the gene encoding the pathogenicity factor Bac, derived from group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), was successfully integrated into the genome of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3. Intravaginal, oral, and intranasal mucosal immunization methods utilizing the L3-Bac+ probiotic, which expresses antigenic determinants of pathogenic streptococci, were found to confer protection against bacterial infection in laboratory animals. Subsequently, recombinant technologies were refined, leading to the development of a universal method for incorporating a region of interest from the gene into the structure of the major pili protein gene of E. faecium L3. Using this technology, candidate vaccines against various infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A virus, and SARS-CoV-2 following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, have been obtained and tested. In this study, alongside the presentation of our own data, the challenges associated with utilizing recombinant probiotic bacteria as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery are discussed.
Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination of Healthcare Workers during a Pandemic Reduces the Risk and Severity of COVID-19 in Vaccinated
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Nastaeva N. Yu. , Vlasenko A. E. , Kostinova A. M. , Mashilov K. V. , Simonova E. G.
Published: September 2023

Background. Individuals who were vaccinated against seasonal influenza or had a history of pneumococcal vaccination were found to be less likely to become infected and tolerate COVID-19 more easily. However, it has not been sufficiently studied how vaccination against these infections, carried out during the pandemic period, can affect the incidence of COVID-19.

Aims. The purpose of the investigation: to study the effect of vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection carried out during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection on the susceptibility and course of COVID-19 in healthcare workers.

Materials and methods. In August- Setempber 2020, after the first rise in the incidence of COVID-19, out of 547 employees (aged 18 to 70 years) of a medical organization (MO), 266 (49%) were vaccinated against influenza (group II, n = 98), pneumococcal infection (group III, n = 60) and combined vaccination (group IV, n = 108), while 281 (51%) remained unvaccinated (group 1). Follow-up period: from September 2020 to March 2021 with the registration of the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) according to primary medical records and the use of PCR methods for SARS-CoV-2, epidemiological and statistical analysis.

Results. Two months after the start of the study, the proportion of cases of COVID-19 in the 1st group (unvaccinated) was 5% versus 1% in the 4th group (persons vaccinated with two vaccines), after 4 months – 15% and 5%, respectively, and at the end of observation (166 days) – 16% and 8%, respectively. That is, among unvaccinated individuals, the risk of getting COVID-19 was higher by HR = 2.1 [95% CI: 1.0÷4.7] times. The time between the start of observation and a positive test for COVID-19 in study participants was significantly higher in the 4th group compared to the group I: 106 [60–136] days versus 47 [17–75] days. The distribution of patients with COVID-19 according to the severity of viral pneumonia showed that in unvaccinated patients in most (64%) cases, pneumonia had a moderate to severe course, while in the 4th group of patients with combined vaccination in 100% of cases, mild (p = 0.04 for the entire sample).

Conclusions. During the COVID-19 epidemic rises, vaccination against respiratory infections remains relevant, reducing the number of cases, the severity of the coronavirus infection and preventing the occurrence of co-infections.
Development of a Reagent Kit for the Quantitative Determination of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA in Clinical Material by PCR with Hybridization-Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Zhigaleva O. N. , Mardanly S. G. , Gashenko T. Yu. , Ermolaev I. I.
Published: September 2023

Relevance.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common viral infections affecting people worldwide and can lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently 3% of the world's population are infected with hepatitis B virus and are at risk of developing life-threatening liver disease. Immunological and molecular biological methods of detection of HBV are currently used in laboratory diagnostics. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is currently the most sensitive method for the detection and quantification of HBV. HBV DNA quantification is widely used to monitor the antiviral treatment of HBV infection.

Aim.To develop a real-time PCR kit for the quantification of HBV DNA.

Materials and methods.A total of 200 plasma and serum samples positive and negative for HBV were used in the development. The performance of the developed kit was compared with the use of other commercially registered HBV diagnostic kits in Russia. Additionally, the nucleotide sequences of all existing virus genotypes analysed for the selection of primers using GeneBank system.

Results and discussion.Comparison analysis of the results of quantitative determination by real-time PCR in 200 clinical serum and blood plasma samples showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of the developed kit was 100% and specificity 100%. The primers developed specific to the POL gene region. The kit is capable of detecting all types of virus genotypes.

Conclusions.The developed reagent kit allows detection of hepatitis B virus and determination of its quantity within 70 minutes. In addition to a large number of genotypes and subgenotypes, the virus is characterized by mutational changes in the genome, which complicates its diagnosis and, as a consequence, the ongoing therapy with drugs. Conservative regions for primer and probe selection taken into account in the development, and the sequencing results obtained are applicable to all HBV genotypes. The reagent kit is designed to monitor HBV infected patients and will allow the analysis of different HBV viral loads.