bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of Fasciola hepatica Infection among Children from Paucartambo in Cusco, Peru
Authors: Lopez Martha , White A. Clinton , Cabada Miguel M.
Published: March 2012

There is a high prevalence of fascioliasis in the Peruvian highlands, but most cases remain undiagnosed. The burden of disease caused by chronic subclinical infection is largely unknown. We studied school-age children from a district in Paucartambo Province in Cusco, Peru to evaluate the burden of disease caused by subclinical fascioliasis. Parasite eggs and/or larvae were identified in 46.2% of subjects, including Fasciola hepatica in 10.3% of subjects. Fascioliasis was independently associated with anemia (adjusted odds ratio = 3.01 [1.10–8.23]). Subclinical fascioliasis was common among children and strongly associated with anemia. Anemia should be recognized as an important component of the burden of disease from fascioliasis.
Drug-Drug Interaction Analysis of Pyronaridine/Artesunate and Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Morris Carrie A. , Lopez-Lazaro Luis , Jung Donald , Methaneethorn Janthima , Duparc Stephan , Borghini-Fuhrer Isabelle , Pokorny Rolf , Shin Chang-Sik , Fleckenstein Lawrence
Published: March 2012

A multiple dose, parallel group study was conducted to assess for a drug-drug interaction between the pyronaridine/artesunate (PA) combination antimalarial and ritonavir. Thirty-four healthy adults were randomized (1:1) to receive PA for 3 days or PA with ritonavir (100 mg twice daily for 17 days, PA administered on Days 8–10). Pharmacokinetic parameters for pyronaridine, artesunate, and its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (DHA) were obtained after the last PA dose and for ritonavir on Days 1 and 10. Ritonavir coadministration did not markedly change pyronaridine pharmacokinetics but resulted in a 27% increase in artesunate area under the curve (AUC) and a 38% decrease in DHA AUC. Ritonavir exposure was increased 3.2-fold in the presence of PA. The only relevant safety observations were increases in liver enzymes, only reaching a clinically significant grade in the PA + ritonavir arm. It was concluded that coadministered ritonavir and PA interact to alter exposure to artesunate, DHA, and ritonavir itself.
Climate Predictors of the Spatial Distribution of Human Plague Cases in the West Nile Region of Uganda
Authors: MacMillan Katherine , Monaghan Andrew J. , Apangu Titus , Griffith Kevin S. , Mead Paul S. , Acayo Sarah , Acidri Rogers , Moore Sean M. , Mpanga Joseph Tendo , Enscore Russel E. , Gage Kenneth L. , Eisen Rebecca J.
Published: March 2012

East Africa has been identified as a region where vector-borne and zoonotic diseases are most likely to emerge or re-emerge and where morbidity and mortality from these diseases is significant. Understanding when and where humans are most likely to be exposed to vector-borne and zoonotic disease agents in this region can aid in targeting limited prevention and control resources. Often, spatial and temporal distributions of vectors and vector-borne disease agents are predictable based on climatic variables. However, because of coarse meteorological observation networks, appropriately scaled and accurate climate data are often lacking for Africa. Here, we use a recently developed 10-year gridded meteorological dataset from the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting Model to identify climatic variables predictive of the spatial distribution of human plague cases in the West Nile region of Uganda. Our logistic regression model revealed that within high elevation sites (above 1,300 m), plague risk was positively associated with rainfall during the months of February, October, and November and negatively associated with rainfall during the month of June. These findings suggest that areas that receive increased but not continuous rainfall provide ecologically conducive conditions for Yersinia pestis transmission in this region. This study serves as a foundation for similar modeling efforts of other vector-borne and zoonotic disease in regions with sparse observational meteorologic networks.
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy in a Venomous Snake (Bothrops asper) Bite Victim
Authors: Delgado Miguel E. , Del Brutto Oscar H.
Published: March 2012

An 18-year-old man developed posterior reversible leukoencephalopaty after being bitten by a venomous snake (Bothrops asper). It is possible that this previously unrecognized neurological complication of snake bite envenoming occurred as the result of endothelial dysfunction induced by the venom of the offending snake. This pathogenetic mechanism has also been implicated as the cause of cerebral infarctions in snake bite victims. Alternatively, the leukoencephalopathy might have been a complication of antivenom therapy.
Acoustic Characteristics of Voiceless Bellowing Typical of Bovine Rabies
Authors: Den Kenichiro , Sato Teruo , Schneebeli Markus , Morita Yukio
Published: March 2012

The use of auditory data visualization techniques was useful for distinguishing voiceless bellows of a rabid cow from the bellows of estrus-oriented cows, because rabid cows created two distinct sounds with a very short silence between inhalation and exhalation of the respiratory cycle. The auditory visualization techniques as a diagnostic tool may have the potential to serve as a basis for an Internet-based application for the early diagnosis of rabies.
Aerosol indirect effects from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM
Authors: Peters K. , Stier P. , Quaas J. , Graßl H.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. In this study, we employ the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM to globally assess aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) resulting from shipping emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursor gases. We implement shipping emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) for the year 2000 into the model and quantify the model's sensitivity towards uncertainties associated with the emission parameterisation as well as with the shipping emissions themselves. Sensitivity experiments are designed to investigate (i) the uncertainty in the size distribution of emitted particles, (ii) the uncertainty associated with the total amount of emissions, and (iii) the impact of reducing carbonaceous emissions from ships. We use the results from one sensitivity experiment for a detailed discussion of shipping-induced changes in the global aerosol system as well as the resulting impact on cloud properties. From all sensitivity experiments, we find AIEs from shipping emissions to range from −0.07 ± 0.01 W m−2 to −0.32 ± 0.01 W m−2 (global mean value and inter-annual variability as a standard deviation). The magnitude of the AIEs depends much more on the assumed emission size distribution and subsequent aerosol microphysical interactions than on the magnitude of the emissions themselves. It is important to note that although the strongest estimate of AIEs from shipping emissions in this study is relatively large, still much larger estimates have been reported in the literature before on the basis of modelling studies. We find that omitting just carbonaceous particle emissions from ships favours new particle formation in the boundary layer. These newly formed particles contribute just about as much to the CCN budget as the carbonaceous particles would, leaving the globally averaged AIEs nearly unaltered compared to a simulation including carbonaceous particle emissions from ships.
T-shaped competency profile for water professionals of the future
Authors: Uhlenbrook S. , de Jong E.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Global environmental changes expose future university graduates in hydrology and related fields to problems of unprecedented complexity and magnitude. The T-shape model is proposed as a generic competency profile guiding the design of university curricula. This model differentiates between cognitive competencies in a certain field, (i.e. hydrology; vertical leg of the T) other cognitive/knowledge competencies in neighboring fields (e.g. hydraulics, aquatic ecology, land use management etc.) and functional, personal and values competencies and meta-competencies (horizontal bar of the T). It is based on the holistic model of professional competencies by Cheetham and Chivers (1996) and related studies (Oskam, 2009). The T-shape profile should apply to all levels of higher education (1st degree till doctorate level) in hydrology and related fields. For the effectiveness of hydrologists as professionals a variable mix of competencies is required and further discussed. Key aspects are an open attitude for learning, continuous professional development (life long learning), and integrative and team working skills. Furthermore, a stimulating learning environment that promotes active learning is essential. As examples that substantiate the proposed T-shape model, the post-graduate education programmes of UNESCO-IHE and the main outcomes from a university curriculum workshop to promote education for sustainable development are introduced.
Towards a regional ocean forecasting system for the IBI (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland area): developments and improvements within the ECOOP project framework
Authors: Cailleau S. , Chanut J. , Lellouche J.-M. , Levier B. , Maraldi C. , Reffray G. , Sotillo M. G.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The regional ocean operational system remains a key element in downscaling from large scale (global or basin scale) systems to coastal ones. It enables the transition between systems in which the resolution and the resolved physics are quite different. Indeed, coastal applications need a system to predict local high frequency events (inferior to the day) such as storm surges, while deep sea applications need a system to predict large scale lower frequency ocean features. In the framework of the ECOOP project, a regional system for the Iberia-Biscay-Ireland area has been upgraded from an existing V0 version to a V2. This paper focuses on the improvements from the V1 system, for which the physics are close to a large scale basin system, to the V2 for which the physics are more adapted to shelf and coastal issues. Strong developments such as higher regional physics resolution in the NEMO Ocean General Circulation Model for tides, non linear free surface and adapted vertical mixing schemes among others have been implemented in the V2 version. Thus, regional thermal fronts due to tidal mixing now appear in the latest version solution and are quite well positioned. Moreover, simulation of the stratification in shelf areas is also improved in the V2.
Modelling Blood and Pulmonary Pressure for Solving a Performance Optimal Problem for Sportsmen
Authors: Ntaganda Jean Marie
Published: March 2012

This paper aims at designing a three-compartmental mathematical model for determining the impact and response of blood pressures on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. Three nonlinear ordinary differential equations are derived from three compartments. Stability conditions are established and inverse techniques are proposed for identifying model parameters. To test the efficiency of the found model, a validation is achieved based on an existing mathematical model through a comparative study.
Dynamics of an Infectious Disease Where Media Coverage Influences Transmission
Authors: Tchuenche Jean M. , Bauch Chris T.
Published: March 2012

There is significant current interest in the application of media/psychosocial effects to problems in
epidemiology. News reporting has the potential to reach and to modify the knowledge, attitudes, and
behavior of a large proportion of the community. A susceptible-infected-hospitalized-recovered
model with vital dynamics, where media coverage of disease incidence and disease prevalence can
influence people to reduce their contact rates is formulated. The media function is incorporated
into the model using an exponentially decreasing function. Qualitative analysis of the model reveals
that the disease-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when a certain threshold is less than unity.
Numerical results show the potential short-term beneficial effect of media coverage.
Sol-Gel Thin Films Immobilized with Bromocresol Purple pH-Sensitive Indicator in Presence of Surfactants
Authors: El-Ashgar Nizam M. , El-Basioni Ahmed I. , El-Nahhal Issa M. , Zourob Shehata M. , El-Agez Taher M. , Taya Sofyan A.
Published: March 2012

Preparation of transparent sol-gel thin film immobilized with bromocresol purple (BCP) pH-sensitive indicator was made via the acid catalyzed sol-gel reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate and the bromocresol purple indicator (BCP). Different surfactants include cationic cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and nonionic Triton X-100 (TX-100) were used to improve the mesostructure of the host material and to increase its porosity. The color change behavior of the immobilized bromocresol purple indicator affected significantly in presence of SDS comparing with its free counterpart in aqueous solution. In presence of CTAB and Triton-X 100, the immobilized bromocresol purple indicator shows similar behavior as its free counterpart in aqueous solution. The BCP retains its structure during the sol-gel reactions in terms of response to pH. Different parameters including concentration of indicator and surfactant, temperature, number of layers, response time, life time, and the number of measurements were investigated. The pKa values of the different prepared BCP immobilized thin films were determined. The BCP thin film sensor showed stability, repeatability, reproducibility, fast response, and long life time behavior. The polarized light microscopy indicated that the bromocresol purple indicator molecules are distributed uniformly within the host silica network.
Interspecific Variation in Temperature Effects on Embryonic Metabolism and Development in Turtles
Authors: Ligon Day B. , Lovern Matthew B.
Published: March 2012

We measured temperature-induced differences in metabolic rates and growth by embryos of three turtle species,Macrochelys temminckii, Trachemys scripta, andApalone spinifera, at different, constant, temperatures. Oxygen consumption rate (VO2) was measured during development and used to characterize changes in metabolism and calculate total O2consumption. Results from eggs incubated at different temperatures were used to calculate Q10s at different stages of development and to look for evidence of metabolic compensation. Total O2consumption over the course of incubation was lowest at high incubation temperatures, and late-term metabolic rate Q10s were <2 in all three species. Both results were consistent with positive metabolic compensation. However, incubation temperature effects on egg mass-corrected hatchling size varied among species.Apalone spiniferahatchling mass was unaffected by temperature, whereasT. scriptamass was greatest at high temperatures andM. temminckiimass was lowest at high temperatures. Hatchling mass : length relationships tended to correlate negatively with temperature in all three species. Although we cannot reject positive metabolic compensation as a contributor to the observed VO2patterns, there is precedence for drawing the more parsimonious conclusion that differences in yolk-free size alone produced the observed incubation temperature differences without energetic canalization by temperature acclimation during incubation.
Amelioration of Obesity, Glucose Intolerance, and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Combination Consisting of “Curcumin with Piperine and Quercetin”
Authors: Kaur Ginpreet , C Meena
Published: March 2012

Curcumin is an important nutraceutical that has enormous potential for a variety of diseases, but the medicinal properties of curcumin cannot be utilized due to its low in vivo bioavailability. Therefore, in view of the foregoing, there is an extensive need for combinatorial extract “curcumin with piperine and quercetin” which may enhance bioavailability of oral curcumin by inhibiting the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of curcumin. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of combinatorial extract of curcumin on obesity, glucose intolerance, and oxidative stress in high fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced rats. Oral administration of combinatorial extract for 28 days significantly () reduced PGL (64.84%), PTG (88.94%), LDL (26.38%) and PTC (50.23%) levels, respectively and improved glucose tolerance () significantly to exogenously administered glucose (2 g/kg) at 60, 90, and 120 min interval on OGTT. The results for antioxidant potential indicate that at 100 mg/kg dose of combinatorial extract of curcumin significantly prevented the high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced changes in the oxidative stress parameters () which supports popular medicinal uses of this combinatorial extract as antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic and is likely to bring this promising natural product to the forefront of therapeutic agents in the in the treatment of “metabolic syndrome”.
As trevas da razão esclarecida e as pesquisas em seres humanos em Tuskegee e na Guatemala: um caso de Bioética
Authors: Corrêa Leite Taylisi De Souza , Marchetto Patrícia Borba
Published: March 2012

Esse trabalho está voltado para a análise do paradoxo da modernidade, a partir da contraposição entre o ideário iluminista e os acontecimentos históricos que o sucederam, especialmente, ao longo do século XX, bem como ao estudo dos impactos desse descompasso sobre a Bioética, adotando-se como referencial epistemológico a teoria crítica da Escola de Frankfurt. A Bioética apresenta-se como uma ciência vacilante, carente de referenciais, além de essencialmente impactada pelo esvaziamento da ética. A dessubjetivação da razão, estabelecida pela modernidade e exacerbada pelo esclarecimento, mostrou-se capaz de erigir trevas assustadoras para a humanidade e fomentar práticas bárbaras em nome de uma ciência que promete ordem e progresso. Esse paradoxo e a falácia da razão iluminista são escancarados pelo progresso científico, sempre acompanhados de assustadores regressos éticos e morais. Alguns exemplos disso, são as pesquisas realizadas em Tuskegee e na Guatemala, e tratadas nesse estudo, que revelam até onde chega a racionalidade moderna e todos os seus desdobramentos.
A genealogia do poder em Foucault: As práticas discursivas e a sociedade disciplinar
Authors: Martins Guilherme Paiva , Amaral Marcela Carvalho
Published: March 2012

Esse artigo trata da genealogia do poder em Foucault. Para a compreensão do método genealógico proposto por Foucault, destaca-se, nesse estudo, a influência da genealogia dos valores morais de Nietzsche. A partir do desenvolvimento da genealogia, Foucault analisa a constituição de mecanismos de controle necessários para a formação dos indivíduos na sociedade industrial. Técnicas de controle, baseadas na punição e na recompensa se tornaram fundamentais para o controle do corpo em instituições, tais como escolas, fábricas, hospitais e prisões. Assim, Foucault caracteriza a sociedade disciplinar como uma forma de organização que privilegia a proteção das riquezas e a formação dos indivíduos para o sistema industrial. A genealogia de Foucault contribui, de forma significativa, para a reflexão epistemológica acerca das relações entre o conhecimento, o discurso, as práticas sociais, as tecnologias e o poder na sociedade contemporânea.
Da memória para a história: experiências e expectativas de mulheres subversivas na ditadura militar
Authors: Meirelles Renata
Published: March 2012

Com base em entrevistas realizadas com mulheres que integraram organizações de esquerda durante a ditadura militar, pretende-se, por meio desse artigo, deter-se sobre a trajetória de algumas dessas mulheres, de maneira a investigar como a experiência de combate à ditadura as marcou, como vivenciaram uma série transformações e renúncias: o anonimato social, e, por vezes, a experiência da guerrilha e a tortura.
Direitos humanos, tolerância zero: paradoxos da violência punitiva no estado democrático de direito
Authors: Boldt Raphael , Krohling Aloísio
Published: March 2012

Observamos, atualmente, a consolidação de uma autêntica cultura punitiva no Brasil, capaz de naturalizar o arbítrio punitivo que se lança sobre a estrutura social. Destarte, não obstante a Constituição Federal de 1988 consagre a cidadania e a dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamentos do Estado Democrático de Direito e indique como um de seus objetivos a erradicação da pobreza e da marginalização, um amplo contingente populacional sobrevive despojado de seus direitos mais básicos e torna-se alvo da violência punitiva estatal, poderoso instrumento de controle dos setores excluídos. Com a adoção de práticas sustentadas por um discurso formulado com base na (ir)racionalidade totalitária contemporânea e inspiradas em políticas de tolerância zero, notamos a ascensão de um Estado que propõe a universalização dos direitos humanos, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, promove a supressão de direitos e garantias e o acirramento da desigualdade e da exclusão.
Situações francesas (excertos)
Authors: Heine Heinrich
Published: March 2012

Excertos traduzidos do livro Französische Zustände, escrito por Heinrich Heine em 1832. Foram selecionadas as passagens que tratavam das revoluções na França e na Alemanha, dos direitos humanos e do absolutismo.
Resistir pelo direito? Advogados e magistrados na Resistência francesa (1940-1944)
Authors: Israël Liora
Published: March 2012

Esse artigo propõe evidenciar três formas de resistência, fundadas no direito, a partir de uma análise sócio-histórica do engajamento na Resistência de advogados e magistrados durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial na França. A primeira, "resistir apesar do direito", remete ao antagonismo entre legalismo e o ingresso na Resistência, que constituía, para alguns juristas, um obstáculo ao engajamento. A segunda forma, "à sombra do direito", designa a maneira pela qual vão sendo progressivamente descobertas e utilizadas as possibilidades de ação subversivas oferecidas por essas profissões, sob a condição de fazer um jogo duplo. Enfim, a resistência "em nome do direito" remete à elaboração de argumentos jurídicos que justifiquem a Resistência interior e exterior e tragam para esse combate a legitimidade do direito. Essa tripartição, analítica e, ao mesmo tempo, cronológica, convida assim a tornar mais complexa a análise das relações entre direito e política.
Legitimidade e direito: análise sob o viés pós-positivista
Authors: Duarte Hugo Garcez
Published: March 2012

O artigo visa analisar a proposta hodierna de conciliação entre validade formal e validade material (legitimidade). Para tal, discorremos sobre as teorias Positivista e Pós-positivista do Direito, perpassando os ditames da Escola da Exegese, demonstrando que o conceito de Direito alterou-se de acordo com o paradigma adotado. Esta última encarou o Direito como ciência completa, sem lacunas, apta a resolução de todos os fatos da vida por meio da aplicação literal da lei. A primeira sucedeu-a com uma nova proposta, evidenciando o caráter discricionário de aplicação do Direito bem como sua indeterminação. A segunda, por sua vez, propõe-se a resolver os problemas que envolvem o poder discricionário do juiz e a indeterminação do Direito, não resolvidos pela primeira. Nesse sentido, procuramos apresentar a teoria de Robert Alexy, que baseado no papel exercido pelos princípios e na argumentação jurídica, aponta o procedimento do Direito como parte de seu conceito.
Condomínios edilícios no âmbito dos juizados especiais cíveis: legitimidade ativa e a efetividade do principio do acesso à justiça
Authors: Ferraz Cristina , Macedo Fernanda
Published: March 2012

O presente estudo traduz a necessidade de se apurar a nova feição da natureza jurídica dos condomínios edilícios, a fim de demonstrar que tais entes podem ter pleno acesso à justiça, como demandantes, pela via delineada na Lei 9099/95 - Lei dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis -, nas ações que tratem sobre a cobrança de cotas condominiais. Verifica-se que os condomínios perfazem os quadrantes delimitados pela mencionada Lei. A análise fundou-se no contexto lógico-jurídico no qual se insere a Lei dos Juizados Especiais, especialmente nos princípios norteadores da sistemática processual civil no Brasil - o devido processo legal e o acesso à justiça -, eis que a avaliação da norma deve-se dar à luz do disposto na Constituição Federal que autorizou a sua edição.
Constituição simbólica e concretização constitucional na resolução de conflitos sociais: uma reflexão crítica sobre a manutenção dos direitos fundamentais, diante da expansão punitiva
Authors: Alves Fernando Antonio Da Silva
Published: March 2012

Observa-se neste texto que o conceito de constituição simbólica é fundamental para se entender o processo de concretização constitucional e de até que ponto o caráter simbólico da legislação em sociedades de modernidade tardia como o Brasil, diante dos modelos penais desenvolvidos na experiência histórica dos sistemas jurídicos, influencia na crise desses modelos, culminando na manutenção dos dilemas relacionados ao atendimento das demandas sociais, fundadas em expectativas não solucionadas pela força das normas constitucionais. Desta forma, poderão ser desdobrados os caminhos para uma efetiva concretização normativa do texto constitucional, que imprima racionalidade aos modelos penais, assolados hoje por uma crise de legitimidade e efetividade no estágio atual de evolução de sociedades como a brasileira.
Algunas consideraciones en torno a la transición hacia el socialismo en Venezuela.
Authors: Valdés Díaz José René , Rafuls Pineda Daniel
Published: March 2012

Una de las primeras interrogantes a dilucidar, antes de incursionar en la transición que está ocurriendo en Venezuela, es la referida a si lo acontecido en la década del 90 en la Patria de Bolívar es apenas una incursión más o menos conservadora, de una parte de la izquierda, en el proceso de “humanización” del sistema liberal democrático-burgués, o es, en realidad, el inicio de una nueva Revolución Social. Sobre este particular se han vertido disímiles criterios, desde aquellos que aseguran que no ha ocurrido revolución alguna, de ningún tipo, hasta los que defienden que se ha gestado y se desarrolla una revolución de tipo socialista.
Deleuze, a lei e a literatura
Authors: Costa Corrêa Murilo Duarte
Published: March 2012

No seio da filosofia deleuziana, o conceito de lei foi problematizado e capturado intensamente a partir de sua relação com a literatura de Proust, Sacher Masoch, Kafka, Melville, com o teatro de Artaud e as filosofias de Platão, Kant e Nietzsche. Para além de conceituar a lei como uma forma pura, vazia, transcendente e culpada, buscamos reconstituir o campo não-filosófico e essencialmente literário a partir do qual Gilles Deleuze cria, à sua maneira, um conceito de lei. Dessa forma, além de analisar de que maneira o filósofo francês utilizou-se de um domínio não-filosófico para criar o conceito, pode-se compreender em que medida o combate à transcendência da lei e do juízo teriam se tornado um potente motor da filosofia deleuziana; para além disso, seria possível entrever, a partir de uma ruptura essencial entre a lei e a literatura, não apenas a ressonância entre conceitos e domínios não-filosóficos, mas a própria abertura potente aos devires, o que faria da literatura uma espécie de máquina de expressão por meio da qual não seria defeso retornar a um vínculo mais profundo e essencial entre ontologia e política.
Os dez anos da vigência do Estatuto da Cidade no processo dilalético da práxis da regularização fundiária urbana
Authors: Bazolli João Aparecido
Published: March 2012

Este trabalho analisou a situação contemporânea da regularização fundiária urbana a partir do Estatuto da Cidade e da legislação urbanística brasileira. Justifica-se o estudo em face de o Estatuto da Cidade ter completado 10 anos de vigência em julho de 2011 ainda com aplicabilidade tímida principalmente e em especial no campo do uso de seus instrumentos para a regularização fundiária urbana. Objetivou-se com o estudo propor um debate sobre o Estatuto da Cidade e a legislação urbana brasileira sob o enfoque dos principais problemas e obstáculos para a regularização fundiária urbana. A metodologia do estudo consistiu na revisão de literatura, análise bibliográfica, experiência prática na elaboração do Plano de Regularização Fundiária Sustentável de Palmas-TO. Concluiu-se que os municípios não estão aplicando os instrumentos deste novo arcabouço jurídico em face da forte influência política orquestrada pelo setor imobiliário e em virtude do conservadorismo do judiciário, ainda reticente ao relativismo do direito à propriedade.
Adaptive predictive control of the sulfur recovery process at Pemex Cadereyta refinery
Authors: Raimondi Angelo , Favela Antonio , Estrada Raul , Nevado Antonio , Gracia Edgar
Published: March 2012

This paper describes the design and application of an optimized control system, based on adaptive predictive expert control methodology, to the sulfur recovery units (SRUs) of the Pemex Refinery in Cadereyta, and presents comparative results obtained in relation to those of the conventional control system operating the plant. The sulfur recovery process represents the final stage in the refinery production chain, and is responsible for removing the sulfur content, usually in the form of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) waste gas generated by other refinery processes. The main goal is minimizing the sulfur content in the gasses released into the atmosphere to comply with emission level requirements. This goal can be obtained by a precise control of the ratio between hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the tail gas, which determines, through a Claus reaction, the maximum sulfur recovery. The SRUs operating in Cadereyta were connected to a common amine acid gas collector and a common ammonia acid gas collector. Optimized control strategies were designed to control the pressure on both acid gas collectors and the flow rate of air entering each SRU. The results show that the H2S:SO2 ratio in the tail gas is considerably more stable under optimized control, particularly in the presence of abrupt changes in the acid gas load. The peaks observed in this ratio under conventional control disappear under optimized control showing a significant improvement in the process operation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐Assisted Facile Synthesis of Furo[3,2‐b]indole Derivatives via Silver(I)‐Mediated [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Fang Shiliang , Liu Qingfeng , Zhang Guisheng
Published: March 2012

A robust one‐pot process has been developed for the synthesis of a variety of furo[3,2‐b]indoles from readily available o‐propargylaminoacetophenones via silver(I)‐mediated [3+2] cycloaddition.
Evaluation of thermal and mechanical properties of rubber compositions based on SBR extended with safe oils
Authors: Delpech Marcia C. , Mello Ivana L. , Delgado Fernanda C. S. , Sousa Jurandir M.
Published: March 2012

The extender oil usually employed in compositions of rubbers based on styrene and butadiene (SBR) 1712 is the distilled aromatic extract (DAE). In this work, this oil was substituted by oils with low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): treated residual aromatic extract (TRAE) and two naphthenic oils from different suppliers (HN1 and HN2). This substitution was performed in response to REACH Regulation (EC No. 1907/2006 European Parliament and the Council of December 18, 2006, Annex XVII), which state that the sum of individual PAHs should be below 10 mg/kg and the levels of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) should not exceed 1 mg/kg. Infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the structure of crude oils and respective SBR compositions. Thermal properties of the materials were evaluated by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical properties as tension tests, hardness, abrasion resistance, and resilience were also determined. The final results showed that it is possible to replace the extender oil DAE for any of the oils tested, specially the naphthenic HN1, without any loss of the properties evaluated in this study for the SBR compositions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Thermal Ammonia Activation by Cationic Transition‐Metal Hydrides of the First Row – Small but Mighty
Authors: Kretschmer Robert , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: March 2012

The thermal reactions of cationic 3d transition‐metal hydrides MH+ (M=Sc–Zn, except V and Cu) with ammonia have been studied by gas‐phase experiments and computational methods. There are three primary reaction channels: 1) H2 elimination by NH bond activation, 2) ligand exchange under the formation of M(NH3)+, and 3) proton transfer to yield NH4+. Computational studies of these three reaction channels have been performed for the couples MH+/NH3 (M=Sc–Zn) to elucidate mechanistic aspects and characteristic reaction patterns of the first row. For NH activation, σ‐bond metathesis was found to be operative.
Fluorescent proteins for FRET microscopy: Monitoring protein interactions in living cells
Authors: Day Richard N. , Davidson Michael W.
Published: March 2012

The discovery and engineering of novel fluorescent proteins (FPs) from diverse organisms is yielding fluorophores with exceptional characteristics for live‐cell imaging. In particular, the development of FPs for fluorescence (or Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is providing important tools for monitoring dynamic protein interactions inside living cells. The increased interest in FRET microscopy has driven the development of many different methods to measure FRET. However, the interpretation of FRET measurements is complicated by several factors including the high fluorescence background, the potential for photoconversion artifacts and the relatively low dynamic range afforded by this technique. Here, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of four methods commonly used in FRET microscopy. We then discuss the selection of FPs for the different FRET methods, identifying the most useful FP candidates for FRET microscopy. The recent success in expanding the FP color palette offers the opportunity to explore new FRET pairs.
Liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases involving the caudate lobe (Br J Surg2011; 98: 1476–1482)
Authors: McLean A Lawson , Russell C D
Published: March 2012

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Effect of N3 Modifications on the Affinity of Spin Label ç for Abasic Sites in Duplex DNA
Authors: Shelke Sandip A. , Sigurdsson Snorri Th.
Published: March 2012

Noncovalent site‐directed spin labeling (NC‐SDSL) of abasic sites in duplex DNAs with the spin label ç, a cytosine analogue, is a promising approach for spin‐labeling nucleic acids for EPR spectroscopy. In an attempt to increase the affinity of ç for abasic sites, several N3 derivatives were prepared, and their binding affinities were determined by EPR spectroscopy. Most of the N3 substituents had a detrimental effect on binding. The triazole‐linked polyethylene‐glycol derivative (12 a) showed a 15‐fold decrease in affinity, whereas the binding affinities of ethyl azido (8 b) and hydroxyl (8 c) derivatives were five‐ to sixfold lower. The spin‐labeled nucleoside Ç showed only a twofold decrease, thus binding better than 8 c, even though it contains the larger 2′‐deoxyribose substituent at N3 instead of a 2‐hydroxyethyl group. N3 derivatives that contained the basic ethyl amino (9) or ethyl guanidino (10) substituents had both higher binding affinity and solubility, attributed to their cationic charge at neutral pH. Compounds 9 and 10 are promising candidates for NC‐SDSL of nucleic acids, for distance measurements by pulsed EPR spectroscopy.
Graphene Functionalisation with a Conjugated Poly(fluorene) by Click Coupling: Striking Electronic Properties in Solution
Authors: Castelaín Marta , Martínez Gerardo , Merino Pablo , Martín‐Gago José Á. , Segura José L. , Ellis Gary , Salavagione Horacio J.
Published: March 2012

Graphene flakes covalently modified with a conjugated polymer, poly[(9,9‐dihexylfluorene)‐co‐alt‐(9,9‐bis‐(6‐azidohexyl)fluorene)] (PFA), were efficiently synthesised by a Cu‐catalysed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between alkyne‐modified graphene and an azide‐functionalised polymer. Two approaches for the modification of graphene with alkyne groups were investigated (coupling with a diazonium salt generated in situ or an amidation reaction) and the optimum conditions determined. The success of the click‐coupling approach was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The absorption and emission spectra of the click product show a strong solvent dependency.
One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Heterostructured ZnO/ZnS Nanorod Arrays with High Ethanol‐Sensing Properties
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Longqiang , Wang Ying , Chen Yujin , Wang Xiaona , Zhang Guoli
Published: March 2012

ZnO/ZnS heterostructured nanorod arrays with uniform diameter and length were synthesized from zinc substrates in a one‐pot procedure by using a simple hydrothermal method. Structural characterization by HRTEM indicated that the heterostructured nanorods were composed of parallel segments of wurtzite‐type ZnO and zinc‐blende ZnS, with a distinct interface along the axial direction, which revealed the epitaxial relationship, ZnO (10$\bar 1$0) and ZnS ($\bar 1$1$\bar 1$). The as‐prepared ZnO/ZnS nanorods showed only two green emissions at around 523 nm and 576 nm. We also found that the nanorods exhibited high sensitivity to ethanol at relatively low temperatures, owing to their smaller size and structure.
Synthesis of Aqueous CdTe Nanocrystals with High Efficient Blue‐Green Emission of Exciton
Authors: Shao Haibao , Wang Chunlei , Li Rongqing , Xu Shuhong , Zhang Haisheng , Cui Yiping
Published: March 2012

As one of the most popular nanocrystals (NCs), aqueous CdTe NCs have very weak green emission under conventional synthesis conditions. In this work, we report the first example of blue‐emitting CdTe NCs directly synthesized in aqueous solution by slowing down the growth rate after nucleation. The key for the synthesis is the optimization of NC growth conditions, namely pH range of 7.5 to 8.5, TGA/Cd ratio of 3.6, Cd/Te ratio of 10, and Te concentration of 2×10−5 mol/L, to get a slow growth rate after nucleation. The as‐prepared blue‐emitting CdTe NCs have small size (as small as 1.9 nm) and bright emission [with 4% photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) at 486 nm and 17% PLQY at 500 nm]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the as‐prepared CdTe show monodispersed NCs which exhibit cubic zinc blend structure. Moreover, time‐resolved PL decay and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show the as‐prepared NCs have better surface modification by ligand, which makes these luminescent small CdTe NCs have higher photoluminescence quantum yield, compared with NCs synthesized under conventional conditions.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Novel N‐Pyridylpyrazole Carbonyl Thioureas
Authors: Wang Baolei , Ma Yi , Xiong Lixia , Li Zhengming
Published: March 2012

A series of novel N‐pyridylpyrazole carbonyl thioureas were designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized by melting points, 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis or HRMS. The bioassay tests indicated that some of these compounds exhibited moderate insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata Walker and Culex pipiens pallens. Among 17 compounds, 5n and 5p showed 100% larvicidal activity against Mythimna separata Walker at the test concentration of 100 mg/L.
Photocatalytic Water Reduction and Study of the Formation of FeIFe0 Species in Diiron Catalyst Sytems
Authors: Li Xueqiang , Wang Mei , Chen Lin , Wang Xiuna , Dong Jingfeng , Sun Licheng
Published: March 2012

Noble‐metal‐free systems with bio‐inspired diiron dithiolate mimics of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase active site, namely, [(μ‐pdt)Fe2(CO)5L] [pdt=propanedithiolate; L=P(CH2OH)3 (1), P(CH3)3 (2)], as water reduction catalysts with xanthene dyes as photosensitizers and triethylamine as a sacrificial electron donor were studied for visible‐light‐driven water reduction to hydrogen. These systems display good catalytic activities with the efficiencies in hydrogen evolution of up to 226 turnovers for 1, if Eosin Y was used as the photosensitizer in an environmentally benign solvent (EtOH/H2O) after 15 h of irradiation (λ>450 nm) under optimal conditions. Under all of the conditions adopted, 1 that has a water soluble phosphine ligand, P(CH2OH)3 displayed a higher efficiency than 2, which bears a PMe3 ligand. The photoinduced electron transfer in the systems was studied using fluorescence, transient absorption, time‐resolved UV/Vis, and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. A new electron‐transfer mechanism is proposed for hydrogen evolution by these iron‐based photocatalytic systems.
Mitigating file‐sharing misbehavior with movement synchronization to increase end‐to‐end availability for delay sensitive streams in vehicular P2P devices
Authors: Mavromoustakis Constandinos X.
Published: March 2012

When dealing with wireless connectivity in a mobile peer‐to‐peer (MP2P) environment, there are many concerns about the offered efficiency and availability of the requested resources and concerns about practicality considerations. These considerations deal with the movement and deployment of continuous connectivity. The intermittent connectivity is a major factor for object sharing misbehavior because it aggravates the connectivity and reliability. MP2P environments are in need of specialized placement algorithms where structured index‐centric solutions will be able to provide efficiency and object location determination over intermittent connectivity and communication. Replication of any requested object and redundancy face the requests' failures because they create severe duplications, and aggravate the capacity of the end‐to‐end path. This work proposes a framework that enables mitigation between the file sharing misbehavior in contrast to the movement synchronization, and it quantifies the parameters that affect the end‐to‐end efficient transmission by taking into consideration the synchronization between moving peers to assign the requested resources in the end‐to‐end path. Resilience metrics are introduced to enable reliability in cooperative file sharing procedure. The proposed scheme considers synchronization and assignment of the moving mobile Infostation peer with certain object indices to a certain vehicle via a synchronized cooperative scheme where the file sharing process is performed through the message ferry mobile peer. In addition, a resource assignment cooperation engine is developed taking into consideration the social cooperation model and the end‐to‐end capacity of the relay path. The proposed resource exchange apparatus for file chunks' migration is performed to enable delay sensitive streaming. The proposed model is evaluated through experimental simulation taking measures for the throughput and the reliability offered and for the robustness for sharing resources of any capacity in dynamically changing MP2P wireless environments under synchronized movements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid enantiomeric separation and simultaneous determination of phenethylamines by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection: application to the analysis of illicit drugs distributed in the Japanese market and biological samples
Authors: Inagaki Shinsuke , Hirashima Haruo , Taniguchi Sayuri , Higashi Tatsuya , Min Jun Zhe , Kikura‐Hanajiri Ruri , Goda Yukihiro , Toyo'oka Toshimasa
Published: March 2012

A rapid enantiomeric separation and simultaneous determination method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was developed for phenethylamine‐type abused drugs using (R)‐(−)‐4‐(N,N‐dimethylaminosulfonyl)‐7‐(3‐isothiocyanatopyrrolidin‐1‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole ((R)‐(−)‐DBD‐Py‐NCS) as the chiral fluorescent derivatization reagent. The derivatives were rapidly enantiomerically separated by reversed‐phase UHPLC using a column of 2.3‐µm octadecylsilica (ODS) particles by isocratic elution with water–methanol or water–acetonitrile systems as the mobile phase. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of products containing illicit drugs distributed in the Japanese market. Among the products, 1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)butan‐2‐amine (BDB) and 1‐(2‐methoxy4,5‐methylenedioxyphenyl)propan‐2‐amine (MMDA‐2) were detected in racemic form. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of hair specimens from rats that were continuously dosed with diphenyl(pyrrolidin‐2‐yl)methanol (D2PM). Using UHPLC‐fluorescence (FL) detection, (R)‐ and (S)‐D2PM from hair specimens were enantiomerically separated and detected with high sensitivity. The detection limits of (R)‐ and (S)‐D2PM were 0.12 and 0.21 ng/mg hair, respectively (signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) = 3). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Lactam–Oxindole Hybrids Through a Three‐Component Reaction of Azetidine‐2,3‐diones, α‐Diazo‐oxindoles, and Alcohols Catalyzed by [Rh2(OAc)4]
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Aragoncillo Cristina , Callejo Ricardo , Ruiz M. Pilar , Torres M. Rosario
Published: March 2012

β‐Lactam–oxindole hybrids have been synthesized in good yields in a one‐pot procedure through efficient and stereoselective capture of an oxonium ylide with azetidine‐2,3‐diones. The reaction allows high to moderate control of stereoselectivity, depending on the 3‐diazo‐oxindole precursor and the hydroxylic compound used. Two new quaternary stereogenic centers were formed; the stereochemistry at the C‐3 quaternary center was controlled by a bulky substituent at C‐4, whereas the stereoselectivity in the adjacent second quaternary stereogenic center was controlled by the α‐diazo‐oxindole. The stereochemistry of both quaternary centers has been unambiguously assigned by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Hydroxymethyl‐Branched Piperidines from Hydroxymethyl‐Branched Lactones: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,5‐Dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐mannitol, 1,5‐Dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐L‐gulitol and 1,5‐Dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐talitol
Authors: Soengas Raquel G. , Simone Michela I. , Hunter Stuart , Nash Robert J. , Evinson Emma L. , Fleet George W. J.
Published: March 2012

Three homochiral polyhydroxylated piperidines containing a quaternary carbon branch at C‐2 of the heterocyclic ring, which can be considered as branched analogues of deoxymannorijimycin (DMJ), and their corresponding lactams were synthesised from readily available and versatile carbohydrate lactones containing a 2‐C‐hydroxymethyl branch. The key step in the synthesis of these iminosugars, 1,5‐dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐mannitol, 1,5‐dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐L‐gulitol and 1,5‐dideoxy‐2‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐1,5‐imino‐D‐talitol, was an efficient modified Kiliani reaction performed on the readily available ketose starting materials L‐sorbose and D‐fructose. The introduction of the carbon branch at C‐2 resulted in loss of glycosidase inhibitory activity, which could be advantageous for therapeutic use of such compounds as chaperones.
Highly Chemoselective Mono‐Suzuki Arylation Reactions on All Three Dichlorobenzene Isomers and Applications Development
Authors: Ullah Ehsan , McNulty James , Robertson Al
Published: March 2012

A Pd catalyst system is described that allows very high chemoselective monoarylation on all three isomers of dichlorobenzene. Direct application of these commodity chemicals to high‐value ligands, anilines, azides, and carbazoles was achieved through this process discovery.