bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die professionelle Selbstwahrnehmung von Chemielehrerenden der Sekundarstufe
Authors: Lengauer Alexander
Published: April 2022

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Frage, ob sich das subjektiv wahrgenommene Professionsempfinden von Chemielehrenden der Sekundarstufe im Laufe der Berufsausübung verändert. Dabei wird primär untersucht, inwieweit die Faktoren Dienstalter, Ausbildungsvariante, Fortbildungstätigkeit oder Geschlecht einen Einfluss auf die selbst wahrgenommenen Kompetenzen haben. Das theoretische Fundament bilden dabei das Laufbahnmodell von Huberman sowie das professionstheoretische EPIK-Modell. Als quantitative Studie designt erfolgte eine Befragung der Mitglieder des Verbands der Chemielehrer/innen Österreichs (VCÖ) per Online-Fragebogen mit rund 50 Items, wobei von knapp 200 Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern Fragen zur gefühlten Professionalität beantwortet wurden. Im Zuge der deskriptiven sowie inferenzstatistischen Auswertung (einfaktorielle MANOVA sowie t-Test nach Pearson) konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl das Dienstalter als auch die Fortbildungstätigkeit einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf das persönliche Kompetenzempfinden in einigen Bereichen haben, wohingegen die absolvierte Ausbildung und das Geschlecht von geringer Bedeutung sind. Die Ergebnisse legen den Schluss nahe, dass eine Lehrperson zu keinem Zeitpunkt der Berufslaufbahn tatsächlich „fertig“ ist, sondern die Wahrnehmung als professionell arbeitende Pädagogin bzw. professionell arbeitender Pädagoge ständigen Veränderungen unterworfen ist.
PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Meriana
Published: April 2022

Abstrack-These days Small-Medium Enterprises (SME) have been run by people to improve economic income. Some kinds of SME business in Indonesia are services and commercials. However, because of the lack knowledge of accounting cycle, many enterprises cannot implement appropriate recording system according to general accounting recording. As the result, the SME owner cannot draw aside enterprise financial and personal financial. The case is that when the SME owners are planned on evolve their business, they can propose bank loan. The implementation of accounting cycle on SME can help the owner to manage their business that their business can be successful. It also can help to stimulate new SMEs especially in the District Rejang Lebong
METODE RISK PROFILE GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE EARNING DAN CAPITAL (RGEC) UNTUK MENILAI TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK PADA PT BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA Tbk
Authors: Sitorus Lizvan Mangatur
Published: April 2022

Abstract - This study aims to assess the soundness of the bank using the Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning and Capital (RGEC) method for the 2018-2020 period. Based on the results of research, the health level of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Persero (Tbk) in 2018 to 2020 received a Composite Rating 1 (PK-1) which is "Very Healthy" because the determination of the composite rating is taken based on judgment from the results of each factor, namely the Risk Profile assessed by NPL and LDR, Good Corporate Governance taken from the results of self-assessment, Earnings using ROA and NIM and Capital using CAR more get a rating of one "Very Healthy". So that the results of the composite ranking of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Persero (Tbk) in 2018 to 2020 get the first rank, namely with the title "Very Healthy".
ANALISIS PENYAJIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN SAK-ETAP PADA KPN SERUMPUN DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Dwikasmanto Yunus
Published: April 2022

Financial statements are a means of communicating financial information from the results of the accounting activity process that can assist users of financial statements in making decisions. Generally accepted Financial Accounting Standards are considered complicated to apply to business entities that do not have public accountability. Based on this, IAI issued Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability (SAK-ETAP) which can accommodate accounting needs for entities that do not have public accountability. This study aims to analyze the application of SAK-ETAP in the presentation of the financial statements of the Cognate KPN of the Education and Culture Office of Rejang Lebong Regency. KPN Cognate of the Education and Culture Office of Rejang Lebong Regency is a business entity that manages members' funds in the form of savings and loans. The method used in this research is comparative descriptive analysis. The results of the study based on the presentation of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and cash flow statements for 2019, show that the KPN Cognate of the Education and Culture Office of Rejang Lebong Regency has not presented notes on financial statements (CALK), there is an error in the classification of account posts, and there are inconsistencies in updating the statement of cash flows. This study suggests that cooperatives disclose cooperative accounting policies in CALK, update each component of financial statements, and hire employees who are skilled in accounting.
Militarisation of Artificial Intelligence and Future of Arms Control in South Asia
Authors: Aamna Rafiq
Published: April 2022

Like other emerging technologies, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a dual-use technology with wider applications in military domain ranging from its integration with existing weapon systems to the development of new generation of complex military robots across all the five domains e.g. land, air, sea, cyber and outer-space. AI will revolutionised the warfare by making it faster, smarter and autonomous. A global debate has been initiated regarding the regulation of research, development, production, deployment and potential Military use of AI. The region of South Asia is no exception where India is heavily investing in the military applications of AI under its military modernisation initiative. China has already made a leapfrog development in the realm of AI technologies. Pakistan is in favour of a pre-emptive ban on all types of AI weapon systems. These developments would seriously undermine the strategic stability in the region and start a new AI arms race in South Asia. With this premise, this research paper aims to discuss the progress made by China, Pakistan and India in the realm of military AI and explore the prospects of an AI arms control framework in South Asia. This study argues that the prospects of an AI arms control framework in South Asia are unpromising.
حكم اشتراط القرشية في الإمام الأكبر في الفقه الإسلامي
Authors: أبو وهدان عبد الله
Published: April 2022

تناولت هذه الدراسة شرطا من الشروط التي الخلافة والتي اختلف فيها الفقهاء قديماً وحديثاً، وقد هدفت الدراسة إلى الوصول إلى الرأي الشرعي في اشتراط القرشية في الخليفة، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف كان لا بد من الإجابة عن السؤال الرئيس وهو: هل النصوص الشرعية أوجبت اشتراط القرشية في الخليفة؟ وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن القرشية شرط كمال في الإمام، إذا كان موجودًا وأهلًا للإمامة، وأقدر من غيره عليها، وإذا تساوى القرشي مع غيره في الكفاءة والقدرة فالأفضلية للقرشي، وإذا كان غير القرشي أقدر من القرشي على القيادة، وأكثر منه كفاءة، فجائز أن يتولى الإمامة غير القرشي، بل هو أولى بها؛ مراعاة لمصالح الأمة، والمقاصد الشرعية.
تقييم الاداء المؤسسي لوزارة الشباب الاردنية – نظرة تقييمية لمدراء المراكز الشبابية -
Authors: الخزاعله وصفي , اخو ارشيدة فاطمة
Published: April 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم الاداء المؤسسي لوزارة الشباب الاردنية – نظرة تقييمية للمراكز الشبابية،  ولتحقيق ذلك استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي،  والاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات من عينة عشوائية طبيقية قوامها (112) مديراً للمراكز الشبابية في الاردن،  وجاءت جميع درجات التقييم بمستوى متوسط وعدم وجود فروق في التقييم تبعا لصفة المركز (شباب،  شابات)،  بينما أوجدت الدراسة فروقاً إحصائية تبعا لمتغير موقع المركز لصالح القرية عن المدينة،  وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة اعتماد بطاقة معايير الأداء المؤسسي لغايات قياس وتقييم أداء مركز وزارة الشباب ومديرياتها.
مدى توافر مهارات تقنيات التعلم عن بعد لدى طلاب جامعة الشرقية في سلطنة عُمان في ضوء بعض المتغيرات
Authors: العجمي قاسم , الصوافية جوخة , السعودي شريف
Published: April 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة لقياس مدى توافر مهارات تقنيات التعلم  عن بعد لدى طلاب جامعة الشرقية بسلطنة عمان، كما هدفت للكشف عن الفروق بين متوسطات درجات بعض هذه المهارات التقنية تبًعا لمتغيرات (الجنس، الكلية، والسنة الدراسية). حيث تكونت العينة من  256 طالبا وطالبة من طلاب الجامعة المسجلين خلال الفصل الصيفي للعام الدراسي 2019/2020. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة قام الباحثون ببناء مقياس تحديد الاحتياج التدريبي في المهارات موضوع الدراسة والتي تكونت من 10 مهارات، وذلك بعد التأكد من صدق المقياس وثبات أداة الدراسة. كما أظهرت الدراسة بأن مهارات تقنيات التعلم  عن بعد متوفرة لدى الطلاب عينة الدراسة بدرجة متوسطة، وأظهرت الدراسة عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية لمتوسط المهارات بين الذكور والاناث، بينما أظهرت الدراسة فروقا ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الكلية لصالح طلبة كلية الآداب والعلوم الانسانية، وكذلك أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق إحصائية لمتغير السنة الدراسية لصالح طلبة السنة الثانية. من أهم ما أوصت به الدراسة أن تهتم الجامعات والقائمين على التعليم الجامعي بتوفير برامج تأهيلية في تقنيات التعليم والتعلم المرتبطة بالتعلم  عن بعد لطلبة الجامعات.
Fatty liver formation in patients with breast cancer on tamoxifen therapy in Iraqi female
Authors: Saeed Israa Jarjees Rasheed , Jassim Oday Abdulhadi , Mahdi Marwah Adel
Published: April 2022

This is a prospective, hospital based, case-control study conducted at Oncology and  Nuclear medicine specialist Hospital, in Nineveh province in Iraq during the period from February 2018 to November 2018, to determine the prevalence of fatty liver formation in tamoxifen treatments by ultrasonographic examinations. Fifty- patients receiving tamoxifen were involved in this study, 11 of these were premenopausal from the premenopausal subgroup patients14 (28%) their age (25-44) years in which 10 of them were Grade I fatty liver & 1 case was Grade II fatty liver , no cases seen had Grade III , and 32 patients were postmenopausal were from post menopausal subgroup patients  36 (72%) range their age (45-78) years, in which 16 of them had fatty liver Grade I, & 16 of them had fatty liver Grade II , no cases seen had Grade III, The duration of tamoxifen was range (>6–72) months, with 33control case, which were 24 case premenopause and 9 case postmenopause which had 3 of them were grade II in premenopausal age group , while 3 cases were postmenopausal patients age group in which 1 case was Grade I fatty liver & 2 cases were Grade II.
The influence of fixed orthodontic retainer on oral microbiota
Authors: Al-Ali Dhuha A. , Groosh D. Al
Published: April 2022

Background: The oral cavity is a wide versatile microbial community in which many microbial species coexist in harmony. However, with certain circumstances, i.e. orthodontic appliances, pathogenic biofilm outgrowth occurs. The aim: The aim of this study was to compare opportunistic pathogens, associated with dental caries and periodontal disease in addition to Candida albicans, between healthy individuals and patient wearing fixed orthodontic retainers. Method: Fourty eight subjects were recruited andwere divided into retainer wearers and control cohort groups. Biofilm samples from the lingual surface of the mandibular anterior teeth of the control group and the fixed retainer surface were evaluated to detect Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggrigatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and C. albicans. Additionally, plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indices were measured at the mandibular anterior teeth in both groups. The results: The results showed  a significant increase in total micobial count in retainer group (p<0.001). The prevalence of microbial cultivity was higher in retainer group with a significant increase in PI and GI. Moreover, there was a high correlation between these genera and the GI. The conclusion: fixed retainer may increase cariogenic and periodontal pathogens and compromise oral health.
The impact of hypertension and Age groups on the severity of chronic kidney disease and their associated with renal function test status
Authors: Abbas Amin Omer Ibrahim , Mohamed Ahmed Nassir , Babker Asaad Ma.
Published: April 2022

Chronic kidney disease is one of the renal disease conditions, slow development may take months and irreversible. Different factors can lead to chronic kidney disease, Hypertension known as one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease, vision loss, coronary artery disease and heart failure. Secondary hypertension is common in chronic kidney disease patients leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This current study was conducted to evaluate the relative impact of HTN on CKD and ESRD risk in women compared with men. In this study, the prevalence of CKD among hypertensive patients was found to be 67. % . Also, current study demonstrated unequal impact of Hypertension on Age, Sex and the severity of chronic kidney disease and renal function test status.
Smart building using IoT
Authors: Chaudhari Anita , Gawade Tejas , Kore Neel , Savant Chinmay
Published: April 2022

With the growing urbanization that is taking place in every major city in the world, most people are opting to relocate to communities without gates. Therefore, there is a need to develop an android app that will monitor people's activities and times so as to give them safety in this fast-altering world. This application will keep track of all the activities happening in the building and will also make daily activities easy and fast such as by providing guest code verification, daily helps registration, parcel monitoring and etc. In today's technology department, the user expects automation that makes a particular task easier, safer and more effective. The idea is to upgrade our old-style garden irrigation structure to an automatic intelligent system by means of Internet of Things (IoT) features. In this program, we have used a soil moisture sensor, a temperature sensor and a moisture sensor installed in the root zone. We have proposed to create an application that will send a notification about fraud at the gate and the owner will inspect it. The automation of garden irrigation will be supervised by a public guard and secretary.
Evaluation of knowledge of dentists on advanced dental equipment systems
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sumona , Prakruthi R A , Devi Konsam Bidya , Tiwari Heena Dixit , Naorem Nena , Betha Sharmila Priyanka
Published: April 2022

Aim: Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge of the dental professionals regarding the advancements in various dental equipment’s as well as techniques. Methodology: Questionnaire study was conducted amongst 200 dental professionals with 78 of them being MDS and rest being BDS professionals. The questions were based on advanced dental equipment’s and techniques. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with the data received. Results: 103 (62.5%) of the participants thought that the application of nanotechnology in dentistry will be supplemental, and 2.8% of the participants thought that nanotechnology will be useless in dentistry. Of the participants, 63.3% believed that there is a lack of clinical trials on nanotechnology-based approaches, whereas 32.3% believed that nanotechnology is affordable. 73.9% of MDS believed that this technology is painless and an effective treatment option as compared to 56% of BDS professionals considering Laser effective. Virtual reality and robotics proved to be a new field where only 21% felt that robotics may ease the procedure sensitivity as well as success of treatment. Conclusion: We observed that more MDS professionals were aware of advanced digitalized systems and use in clinical practice as compared to BDS professionals.
Driving pressure versus right ventricular echocardiography parameters as a predictive for acute respiratory distress syndrome outcome
Authors: Sayed Mohammed Mahmoud , Elatroush Hatem , Nassar Yasser , Samir Nael , Elghoneme Mohamed Omar
Published: April 2022

Background: Acute  respiratory  distress  syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory  disease  that  affects the lung in a heterogeneous  manner , so that ,even ideal body weight (IBW) based tidal volume may apply different lung stress and strain according to the available aerated lung areas. Airway driving pressure (DP) is the difference between airway plateau pressure (P plat) and positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP), it can be used as a bedside  surrogate for  lung stress in several previous studies. Acute corpulmonale manifested by pulmonary hypertension and  right ventricular dysfunction occurs as a consequence for ARDS  with a prevalence ( 25% to 61%) in different studies. Objectives : This study  was designed to show he clinical value of  airway  driving pressure and right heart echocardiography parameters in predicting  ARDS  outcome  , and to correlate between   airway pressures  and right ventricle  parameters. Methodology : fifty  ARDS patients  were diagnosed by  Berlin criteria  and monitored  for airway  pressures including DP  and  Pplat on day 0, day 3 and day 7. transthoracic echocardiography  was used to assess RV parameters on day 0 and day 7 .  According the ICU mortality patients are divided into survivors and nonsurvivors.
Lumbopelvic stabilization versus Pilates exercises on spatiotemporal gait parameters in chronic nonspecific low back pain
Authors: Elfeky Heba M , Elhafez Haytham M , Genedy Ahmed F , Elfahl Ahmed M , El-Azeim Alshaymaa S Abd
Published: April 2022

Aim of the work: The purpose of the current study is to trace and investigate how lumbopelvic stabilization and Pilates exercises affect the spatiotemporal aspects of gait in persistent nonspecific low back pain cases (NS-CLBP). Methods: Patients with NS-CLBP (N=90) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group A (stabilization + traditional therapy), group B (Pilates plus traditional therapy), and group C (conventional therapy) in a single-blinded randomized clinical trial with 12 treatments over six weeks. A Walkway pressure measurement system was used to determine both spatial and temporal parameters. The Visual Analog Scale, Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, Biering–Sorensen test, and trunk flexion endurance test were adopted successfully to assess pain, function, and isometric endurance of trunk extensor and flexor.  Results: According to a cross-group analysis, a statistically significant effect was found when p = 0.001 and f-value = 3.12. Also, a statistically clear interaction was figured out between treatment and time when p = 0.0001 and f-value = 3.44. Following therapy, the Pilates group showed a decrease in temporal parameters, pain, and functional impairment, as well as an increase in cadence and velocity (p 0.05).
Implementation of government regulations in the implementation of child protection in Rokan Hilir Regency of Indonesia
Authors: Fitriyanti Nauli , Rahman Khairul , Prayuda Rendi , Zainal Zainal , Rosmayani Rosmayani
Published: April 2022

One of the important issues that are currently happening is that violations of children's rights are increasing all the time. Based on data from the Online Information System for the Protection of Women and Children (PPA Symphony), it was recorded that 5,463 children in Indonesia had experienced violence throughout 2020 and in 2021 there was an almost two-fold increase, namely, there were 10,832 cases of violence against children, and around 59.70 percent of the violence was sexual violence against children. One of the protective measures taken by the Government to realize the welfare of children is to provide guarantees for the fulfillment of their rights without discriminatory treatment, namely the issuance of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Physical and sexual violence are important issues to be discussed. One of the efforts made by the Rokan Hilir Regency Government to handle child cases that occurred is the Rokan Hilir Regency Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Child Protection. This study uses qualitative methods with the type of research included in field research, with the research design using descriptive analysis methods.
Pediatric CPR resuscitation maneuver from a bystander thanks to pre-arrival guidance by a dispatcher: a case report
Authors: Masina Juliette
Published: April 2022

The working group that deals with the drafting and revising of the Pre-arrival Instructions in the 118 Emilia Est Operations Center has decided to publish this article that deals with an event that occurred in December 2020 as it fully expresses the entire activity of the headquarters nurse. On 23 December 2020, at 6:44 pm, the parents of P, a two-year-old boy, called 118 because the little boy had lost consciousness following the ingestion of a small piece of mozzarella cheese. The dispatcher quickly identified the target of the call and conducted the health interview. From the mother’s information, the child appeared unconscious, with cyanotic lips and no respiratory activity. The nurse recorded the event on the operating system as K3 Advanced Red Blue, i.e., a respiratory pathology in the home was identified, and the code of maximum severity was assigned, which requires the simultaneous dispatch of an ambulance and self-medication, so the nurse in charge at 18:47 sent a BLSD vehicle and the ALS vehicle of territorial competence. The operator who recorded the distress call continued the call with the little one’s parents, providing them with pre-arrival instructions for pediatric obstruction: given the condition, he had the father begin CPR. The nurse asked the mother if she had a smartphone, and upon her affirmative response, she sent a text message that enabled the activation of the video call through the Flagmii platform: in less than three minutes from the beginning of the call, she was “on the scene” thanks to the video camera activated by the mother.
Peran sekolah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran tentang sport for all
Authors: Agung Wahyudi
Published: April 2022

Sport for all (SFA) merupakan salah satu topik yang kurang populer di Indonesia. Istilah ini merujuk pada aktivitas fisik atau olahraga yang bersifat inklusif dan rekreasional; siapa pun bisa berolahraga di mana pun dan kapan pun, tidak peduli latar belakang sosial, ekonomi, dan pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi pustaka dan berjenis kualitatif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan peran sekolah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran tentang SFA. Dalam studi ini, peneliti mengambil sumber berupa artikel ilmiah, buku, situs daring, dan media massa untuk memperoleh data dan merumuskan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SFA memiliki manfaat besar apabila bisa dilakukan secara konsisten dan dilembagakan, setidaknya mulai ditanamkan di sekolah. Sekolah memiliki peran penting dalam menyosialisasikannya. Ada tiga langkah yang harus dilakukan, yakni 1)  sekolah harus bisa mengakomodasi SFA dalam kurikulum atau rancangan ajar, 2) guru harus suportif, dan 3) sekolah harus menjalin komunikasi yang baik dengan wali murid.
Online vs. Offline News: Usage and Preference among College Students
Authors:   Department of Mass Media, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Nongkseh Gervasius
Published: April 2022

The debate on online vs. offline news is mounting today particularly due to the Covid-19. The development in technology, internet and social media has changed the news consumption landscape. The present tech-savvy younger generation spends hours on their mobile phone, accessing to various forms of information. In fact, the mobile phone with all its potentials becomes the most popular media for news. We wonder if online news has taken over offline news or if offline news is still relevant. Thus, this study using the survey method was conducted on 102 college students to know their preference and consumption habits of news. The method of data collection used was the structured-questionnaire and the mode of reaching to the respondents was through the Google form technique as the pandemic has made physical contact impossible. The snow ball sampling design was used. The findings show that the students prefer online news than offline news. Newspapers or Television are no longer prominent news sources for young people.
Distribution of Informal Manufacturing Enterprises: India and Its North Eastern States
Authors:   Dept. of Economics, St. Anthony’s College, Shillong, Mawkhiew Badaiahunlang
Published: April 2022

India has a significant proportion of workers in the informal sector which includes manufacturing, trade, construction, etc. The informal manufacturing sector has been playing an important role in employment generation despite a number of problems. The study aims to determine the distribution of the informal manufacturing sector-Establishment/ Own Account Manufacturing Enterprises (OAMEs)- in India and the North Eastern States (NES) in recent years. For that, secondary data from the 67th and 73rd National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) rounds and descriptive statistics like percentage has been used. The proportion of informal manufacturing enterprises has been found more in the form of OAMEs than Establishments in both rounds. During the period of study, the percentage increase in the number of informal manufacturing enterprises has been around 14 percent at all India level but, in the North Eastern States (NES), it is seen to have declined in absolute as well as percentage terms. This is explained by the decline in the numbers of Establishments though the decline has been offsetted by an increase in OAMEs.
Chemical composition of rainwater during monsoon season over Pune (Maharashtra) and its relation to meteorological factors
Authors: MUKHERJEE AK , NAND KRISHNA , MUKHOPADHYAY B , RAMNATH USHAP
Published: April 2022

About 180 rainwater samples were collected at Pune during the monsoon season of 1981 and analysed for various chemical constituents. Data have been utilised to study the importance of various contributing sources to the composition of rainwater, role of cations and anions in controlling the pH of rainwater and the influence of meteorological parameters on the chemical composition.

It has been found that maritime air is the major source of CI and Na and for SO, anthropogenic sources appear to be quite important. In addition to above, local soil also contributes to the concentration of constituents, specially to cations and the samples get enriched to a large extent in terms of Ca, SO and K. pH values remained in basic range and H+ ions were significantly correlated with excess SO. (positive) and Ca (negative). Negative correlation between excess Ca and H+ ions indicates the importance of dissolution and exchange reaction involving particulate material (calcareous minerals) thereby which H+ ions are consumed. Concentration of NH. have been found to depend on soil temperature and SO4 correlated well with the R. H. in the atmosphere. Studies also indicate that nitrate concentrations are higher in rainwater samples associated with thunderstorms in comparison to the samples not associated with thunderstorm.
Barotropic instability over the Arabian Sea during the onset of summer monsoon 1979
Authors: PARK SOONUNG , SIKDAR DHIRENPRAN
Published: April 2022

The daily low-level and upper-level satellite winds observed over the Arabian Sea in the domain 26°N-16°S and 4OoE-84°E are analyzed for the early stages of the summer monsoon in 1979. The wind analysis shows that before the onset of the monsoon over southern India, the low-level winds strengthen significantly, an onset vortex develops, and the low-level westerly jet shifts northward and broadens in the central Arabian Sea. A linear barotropic stability analysis of the zonal winds for the pre-onset, the vortex formation, the onset and the mature phases of monsoon flows is performed numerically for testing the hypothesis, that the onset vortex formation is primarily due to the Wave disturbances associated with baroscopic Instability In the mean zonal shear flow, and that the broadening of the low-level jet is partly due to dynamical consequence5 of the barotropic wave disturbances.
Stratus clouds off Yemen coast
Authors: MUKHERJEE AK , GURUNADHAM G
Published: April 2022

The concurrence of low stratus clouds over and off Yemen coast and adjoining Arabian coast during summer months is studied in this paper. It is found to be a regular occurrence, onset of these clouds agreeing with the advancement of southwest monsoon to, and disappearance agreeing with Its withdrawal from west Rajasthan. The clouds are present throughout this period, they extend well over the Arabian Sea. The probable cause for these clouds has been investigated, It is suggested that the variation of the size of the cloud over Arabian Sea has some connection with the monsoon activity over India.
Some numerical methods for resolution of non-linear integral equations
Authors: CHERRUAULT Y
Published: April 2022

We suggest several methods which bring back the resolution of non-linear integral equations  to a succession of linear integral equations or to a linear algebraic system. All these methods have been tested numerically.
Unusually heavy rain in parts of northwest India on 30 June 1981
Authors: GUPTA HN , ALI HAMID
Published: April 2022

The unusually heavy rain which occurred in New Delhi and parts of Haryana and of the plains of west Uttar Pradesh on 30 June 1981 has been studied in this paper. Rohtak, Agra and New Delhi (Palam) recorded 30, 26and22cmofrain respectively during the 24hours ending at 0830 I.S.T. on 30 June 1981. New Delhi (Safdarjung) recorded 19 cm. The heavy rainfall has been associated with availability of moisture in abundance over and near these areas as deduced from the analysis of radiosonde ascents taken at New Delhi, Patiala, Gwalior, Jodhpur and Lucknow. The trigger for the vertical motion was provided by the low level convergence associated with the seasonal trough which was well-marked and whose axis on sea level chart passed through Amritsar, Delhi, Lucknow and Gaya on 29 June.
Energetics of the monsoon circulation over south Asia Part- II : Energy terms and energy transformation terms
Authors: RAJAMANI S
Published: April 2022

In this paper a study has been made of available potential energy and its transformation into kinetic energy of the different weather systems for the region of south Asia for the typical monsoon month of July 1963. Energetics of the standing eddies and transient eddies have been separately computed. Interactions amongst themselves and with mean zonal flow have been studied

It is inferred that zonal current is the source of available potential energy for both standing and transient eddies; standing eddy is the source of kinetic energy for zonal current and transie1lt eddies, However, when the region of monsoon trough is considered, standing eddy gains kinetic energy from transient eddy suggesting the importance of monsoon depressions in strengthening the monsoon trough, Available potential energy is converted into kinetic energy in the cases of both zonal current and the standing eddy, The generation of available potential energy and the energy advected into !he area of interest, together exceed the losses due to dissipation of kinetic energy.
The thermodynamic and kinematic structure of the troposphere over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal 1979 monsoon season
Authors: RAY TK , BEDI RS
Published: April 2022

The Monsoon Experiment (MONEX-79) has provided an exhaustive data set over is inspired by the Indian seas during 1979 monsoon. The USSR research ships recorded upper air data in stationary polygons formed over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Using these data various parameters determining the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere from 1000 to 100 mb have been calculated. The comparison of these parameters during various phases of the monsoon over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal brings out interesting contrasts during the onset, active and break monsoon periods.
A review of computational techniques in flow Network models
Authors: TEWARSON RP
Published: April 2022

Several computational algorithms which have been found useful in the computer  simulation of flow network problems are discussed. The emphasis is on accurate, fast and low-cost methods for handling large structured problems. In the case of underdetermined problems, the implementation of smoothing and related techniques that yield a class of desirable solutions is described. It is shown how the model structure has been utilized in the solution process to save computer storage and run time. How the accuracy of the numerical schemes has been improved by the use of splines without disturbing the sparsity structure of the given system is also discussed.
Study of swells over Arabian Sea before and during onset Of monsoon during Monsoon Experiment (MONEX-1979)
Authors: MUKHERJEE AK , SHARMA BL , PILLAI PV
Published: April 2022

The analyses of swell observations taken on board Soviet research vessels at two stationary formations period, 16 May to 30 May 1979; and 3 June to 14 June 1979, over Arabian Sea were carried out. The directions of swells north of the equator were affected by westward moving vortices. Directions of swells over the equator seemed' to be influenced by a system having origin elsewhere. The heights and periods seemed to have been influenced by disturbance coming to the  north of the equator from the southern hemisphere in the month of May.

The pattern of swell directions showed a clockwise trend associated with increase in height and anticlockwise trend with decrease in height. The onset of monsoon was associated with a clockwise turning of the direction and making them steady westsouthwesterlies.
Time series analyses of annual rainfall over India
Authors: ALVI SMA , KOTESWARAM P
Published: April 2022

The available rainfall series extending to more than 100 years for 23 stations representing different parts of India have been examined with different types of low pass filters in order to find out trends and periodicities in these series. The long period trend shown by some of the series has been compared with that shown by sunspot numbers the series of which from 1940 onwards was treated with the same low pass filter. The rainfall series have also been treated with band pass filter and power spectrum analysis for finding out of periodicities in them. It is seen that rainfall of west coast stations north of Trivandrum as well as the sunspot cycles have shown an increasing trend from the beginning of the century till the sixties, the trends for Veraval, Bombay, Ratnagiri and Vengurla being statistically significant. Other results of the study have been given in the conclusion.
Effect of the meteorological factors on the incidence of paddy stem-borer (Tryporyza Incertulas Walker) and its zonal apportionment
Authors: DUBEY RC , MASKE SJ , RONGHE JA
Published: April 2022

Paddy stem-borer (Tryporyza Incertulas Walker) infestation is very much influenced by meteorological factors. The effect of various weather elements on its incidence is endeavoured in present statistical analysis. It is found that less moisture content in the atmosphere in the elongation stage and a minimum temperature lower than 23 deg. C and sunshine hours more than 8 hours in flowering stage are favourable for increased larval activity in the earing stage of summer paddy crop at Bhubaneshwar. Northeast region of India are prone to heavy attack in summer and winter crops earing stage. Similar studies for other stations are necessary to draw general conclusion about threshold values of meteorological parameters to be used in forewarning of the infestation of stem-borer in paddy.
Effect of Different Thermal Techniques on Anti-Nutritional Compunds With Special Refefence to Hydrogen Cyanide in Linum usitatissimum
Authors: Bader Ul Ain Huma , Saeed Farhan , Tufail Tabussam , Qamar Aiza , Mushtaq Zunaira , Nasir Makia
Published: April 2022

Flax is one of the world’s primordial crops with proceedings of human cultivation extending back to thousands of years. Objective: To observe the comparative effectiveness of different thermal treatments on hydrogen cyanide (HCN) contents in flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Methods: For the purpose, flaxseed was procured from local market, Faisalabad-Pakistan. Then, it was characterized for nutritional composition and mineral profiling through respective methods. In addition, dietary fiber, fatty acids, lignans and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content were assessed through Enzymatic-gravimetric methods, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and alkaline titration, respectively. Moreover, different heat treatments i.e. autoclaving, microwave roasting, oven heating and water boiling were applied to mitigate the hydrogen cyanide contents. Results: Results of alkaline titration before heat treatment showed that hydrogen cyanide content was 376.0 mg/kg in flaxseed. The effect of heat treatments on hydrogen cyanide content of flaxseed was found to be highly significant. Hydrogen cyanide content was reduced to 22.33 mg/kg, 62.792 mg/kg, 204.33 mg/kg and 300.048 mg/kg by water boiling, microwave roasting, autoclaving and oven heating, respectively. Conclusion: Water boiling is most effectual technique (98% reduction) while oven heating is the slightest one (20.2% reduction).
Efektivitas Penerapan Insentif Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan Di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2020
Authors: Anggraeny Windy , Farida Ai Siti , Alia Siti
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa efektifnya program insentif pajak bumi dan bangunan di Kabupaten Bandung pada tahun 2020. Program insentif ini diluncurkan sebagai bentuk perhatian pemerintah daerah kepada wajib pajak yang kesulitan membayar pajak diakibatkan penurunan ekonomi akibat Covid-19. Pemberian insentif pajak ini yakni dengan pemberian keringanan berupa kebebasan pajak, pemotongan pajak, serta penghapusan denda pajak yang diatur dalam Peraturan Bupati Bandung No. 27 Tahun 2020. Dengan diterapkannya program insentif PBB mampu melakukan percepatan pemulihan ekonomi masyarakat yang sempat menurun diakibatkan Covid-19 dengan meringankan masyarakat dalam membayar PBB. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deksriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara terstruktur, observasi, dan  dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Dan teknik validitas data menggunakan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi realisasi pendapatan PBB sangat efektif karena mencapai 107%. Namun, dianalisis menggunakan teori efektivitas dari Makmur bahwa dimensi ketepatan biaya dan ketepataan perintah belum terpenuhi disebabkan jumlah yang melakukan permohonan pengajuan keringanan pajak hanya 1028 wajib pajak dari 1,1 juta wajib pajak yang ada di Kabupaten Bandung. Hal ini disebabkan kurang masifnya sosialisasi dan penyebaran informasi program insentif PBB diakibatkan kurangnya anggaran untuk penyelenggaraan program. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak pada tahun 2020 hanya 5%. Hal ini disebabkan Bapenda Kab. Bandung dalam menjalankan tugasnya memiliki beberapa hambatan yakni sosialisasi yang tidak merata disebabkan keterbatasan waktu, luasnya geografis daerah, sumber daya manusia, dan media informasi ke masyarakat yang berada di pelosok.
Motion dazzle camouflage as an escape strategy in Hemidactylus frenatus, (Common house lizard) of Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Proprietor and Scientist, Nautilus Life Sciences, (MSME, regd Biological Research Laboratory and Consultancy), 132/1, 11th Street, K.K. Nagar, Chennai-600078, Sriram Padmavathi
Published: April 2022

Hemidactylus frenatus, is the common house lizard, which is frequently found in almost all Indian households. This lacertilian member is a warm blooded reptile and had been a triumphant lizard species on earth. The success of these lizards, in evolution, may be attributed to their unique ability to disguise as according to the backgrounds they inhabit. Quite a number of studies, on different species, of lizards have revealed that geckos are known to engage in “motion dazzle camouflage" to avoid predation. The present investigation was conducted to ascertain, if common house wall lizards actually engage in a similar kind of dazzle camouflage to evade aggression. Observational studies, for a period of two years spanning from 2019-2021, showed that the common wall lizards, indeed engage in one form or the other type of crypsis to avoid human or animal encounters. Results showed that, geckos which were generally found on lighter backgrounds such as light colored walls had a paler skin hue, matching to their lighter environment, and thus concealing them to certain extent. However it was interesting to note that, the lizards, which were adapted to run on the floor or adapted to move on patchy backgrounds, showed a molted appearance on their skin. They had alternate dark and light patches, on the dorsal side, extended from the neck till the tip of the tail, aiding these lizards, to conceal and avert any conflict. The molted appearance on the lizards may be because of opsin proteins present in their skin, which act as photo sensors, capable of adapting accordingly to the light intensities and there by assisting in defensive pigmentation. The blotched appearance of geckos implies that it causes the motion dazzle camouflage there by confusing the predator, about its exact location and avoids the threat. The present study, precisely suggests, that the common wall lizards of the species, Hemidactylus frenatus indulges in motion dazzle camouflage, as an efficient game plan to avoid and evade any adversaries.
The Media and Public Agendas Testing for Media Effects in Argentina During 2003-2008
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Freille Sebastián , O’Gorman Patricio
Published: April 2022

In this paper we examine the presence of agenda-setting effects by theprint media in Argentina from June 2003 to December 2008. Using previouslyunavailable monthly data on newspapers mentions we test twohypotheses about the relationship between the different agendas. We findsupport for the hypothesis that there were media effects during our periodof analysis. More specifically, we find that the total number of newspapermentions of the President positively influenced public confidence in thegovernment. Finally, there is also evidence of a strong and stable relationship between the total number of economic news and leading economicindicators.
Determinantes de la Inserción Internacional Provincial
Authors: Castro Lucio , Saslavky Daniel
Published: April 2022

¿Cuáles son los determinantes del comercio exterior provincial argentino? ¿Qué factores son los que determinan cuánto, qué, a qué precio y a dónde exportan las provincias argentinas? ¿Cuál es el rol de la dotación de factores productivos, como capital, mano de obra o recursos naturales, con los que cuenta cada provincia? ¿Qué papel cumplen políticas públicas como la provisión de infraestructura y el comportamiento fiscal a la hora de determinar el patrón del comercio provincial? ¿Cuál fue el impacto de la inversión extranjera directa sobre el patrón de exportaciones de las provincias? Este trabajo tiene como objetivo brindar un principio de respuesta a este conjunto de interrogantes.
¿Pueden las políticas públicas ayudar a promover el éxito de las microempresas en el contexto de una recesión económica? El caso de Argentina
Authors: Gertel Héctor R. , Giuliodori Roberto F. , Bernard Leandra , Meiners Eugenia
Published: April 2022

The paper introduces the question of micro enterprises success in Argentina in the context of the 2007-2008 international financial crisis that overlaps with the lagged effects of the previous domestic downturn of 2001-2002. The work focuses on three aspects of the micro enterprises that have not been sufficiently studied in the literature on emerging economies: entrepreneurial profile of the firm-owner, performance and profile of the micro-entrepreneurs benefited by public policies. Results: according to the entrepreneurial profile four groups were identified, the performance in each group was directly related to entrepreneur’s degree of dedication and inversely related to condition of being previously unemployed and public policies were found to be pro-poor biased.
Respuestas fiscales del gobierno y de la economía real a las crisis: Estabilizadores automáticos versus estabilización automática
Authors: Fischer Jonas , Justo Isabelle
Published: April 2022

This paper looks at the discretionary fi scal and real economy support measures introduced by EMU Member States in response to the crises. The analyses build on a data base assembled by the Commission on individual crises response measures with a view to survey the implementation of the European Economic Recovery Programme (EERP). The paper first provides a broad overview of the types of crises-related measures taken, including broad estimates of their budgetary dimension. On this basis it appears that on an aggregate level, the discretionary support has been in line with agreed principles of being timely, temporary and targeted. Member States with restricted fi scal space has overall taken a more restrictive stance than those with more room of manoeuvre. The paper then looks at how these discretionary measures complement the "automatic" budget  tabilisation. It appears that, in budgetary terms, about half of the discretionary measures add to the areas already covered by automatic stabilisers while the other half address other areas such as investments, industrial sectors and vulnerable groups particularly hit by the crises. The overall experience may suggest that it has been helpful with agreed ex-ante principles for how discretionary stimuli should be provided and that the provision of discretionary stimulus under such conditionality can work to strengthen the budgetary stabilisation capacity in a flexible way.
La política fiscal en Estados Unidos: Estabilizadores automáticos, acciones de política fiscal discrecional y la economía
Authors: Follette Glenn , Lutz Byron
Published: April 2022

We examine the effects of the economy on the government budget as well as the effects of the budget on the economy. First, we provide measures of the effects of automatic stabilizers on budget outcomes at the federal and state and local levels. For the federal government, the defi cit increases about 0.35 percent of GDP for each 1 percentage point deviation of actual GDP relative to potential GDP. For state and local governments, the defi cit increases by about 0.1 percent of GDP. We then examine the response of the economy to the automatic stabilizers using the FRB/US model by comparing the response to aggregate demand shocks under two scenarios: with the automatic stabilizers in place and without the automatic stabilizers. Second, we provide measures of discretionary fi scal policy actions at the federal and state and local levels. We fi nd that federal policy actions are somewhat counter-cyclical while state and local policy actions have been somewhat pro-cyclical. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the budget, from both automatic stabilizers and discretionary actions, on economic activity in 2008 and 2009.
El activismo fiscal en los auges, las crisis y más allá
Authors: Schuknecht Ludger
Published: April 2022

This paper discusses activist fiscal policies during good times, the crisis period and for the post-crisis period. The study argues, first, that fi scal policies were overly imprudent during the boom phase preceding the crisis. This was due to excessive expenditure growth and problems with measuring the output gap and fiscal stance. Second, during the crisis, too much emphasis was placed on the need for (activist) fiscal demand support despite demand excesses in the boom years in several countries. Fiscal activism focussed less (and less strongly than needed) on the balance sheet nature of the crisis and the significant misallocation of resources. Third, and given strong increases in public expenditure ratios in the crisis, timely fi scal exit strategies need to bring these down to sustainable levels so as to regain fiscal sustainability and to create an environment conducive to consolidation and growth.