bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Patient-Centered Medical Home and Why It Matters to Health Educators
Authors: Holtrop Jodi Summers , Jordan Timothy R.
Published: September 2010

The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is an approach to providing comprehensive care for children, youth, and adults in the primary care setting. PCMH emphasizes planned care, care coordination, family-centered approaches, and quality of care while also improving access to care and modernizing the care experience. Although health educators as a group have not traditionally focused their efforts on the primary care setting, the PCMH model increases the potential for their inclusion. Health educators, given their training and expertise, are likely to be well positioned to contribute to primary care oriented with a PCMH model. Health educator roles within PCMH that are especially relevant include participating in a team approach to care, attention to coordination and integration of care, and preventive and end-of-life care. Such roles may be realized in direct delivery of patient education such as health coaching, serving as a facilitator or connector to community resources, or involvement in practice or practice organization quality improvement and population-based assessment efforts. If implemented properly, the involvement of health educators in this new model of care has the potential to enhance how primary care is delivered, improve the health of Americans with regard to chronic conditions, and reduce related health care costs.
Antibody targeting KIT as pretransplantation conditioning in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Xue Xingkui , Pech Nancy K. , Shelley W. Christopher , Srour Edward F. , Yoder Mervin C. , Dinauer Mary C.
Published: September 2010

Inherited hematologic defects that lack an in vivo selective advantage following gene correction may benefit from effective yet minimally toxic cytoreduction of endogenous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) prior to transplantation of gene-modified HSCs. We studied the efficacy of administering a novel sequential treatment of parenteral ACK2, an antibody that blocks KIT, followed by low-dose irradiation (LD-IR) for conditioning of wild-type and X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) mice. In wild-type mice, combining ACK2 and LD-IR profoundly decreased endogenous competitive long-term HSC repopulating activity, and permitted efficient and durable donor-derived HSC engraftment after congenic transplantation. ACK2 alone was ineffective. The combination of ACK2 and LD-IR was also effective conditioning in X-CGD mice for engraftment of X-CGD donor HSCs transduced ex vivo with a lentiviral vector. We conclude that combining ACK2 with LD-IR is a promising approach to effectively deplete endogenous HSCs and facilitate engraftment of transplanted donor HSCs.
Atorvastatin Increases 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Concentrations in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Shepherd John , Arnett Charlotte , Coady Anne-Marie , Kilpatrick Eric S , Atkin Stephen L
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND

It has been shown that many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) insufficient. Both statin treatment and vitamin D supplementation have been shown to improve biochemical hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation in patients with PCOS, raising the possibility that some of the statin effects are mediated through vitamin D.

METHODS

We conducted this randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study to assess the effect of atorvastatin on serum 25OHD concentrations in patients with PCOS. Forty medication-naive patients with PCOS were randomized to either atorvastatin 20 mg daily or placebo for 3 months. After completing the initial 3 months of atorvastatin or placebo, both groups of patients participated in a 3-month extension study with metformin 1500 mg daily. We measured changes in 25OHD concentrations by use of tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

Mean (SD) baseline 25OHD concentrations were comparable between the 2 groups [45.9 (2.4) vs 44.8 (1.8) nmol/L; P = 0.7]. There was a significant increase in 25OHD concentrations with atorvastatin [45.9 (2.4) vs 60.8 (3.5) nmol/L] compared with placebo [44.8 (1.8) vs 41.8 (3.2) nmol/L; P = 0.02]. Three-month treatment with metformin maintained the improvement of 25OHD with atorvastatin compared to baseline [45.9 (2.4) vs 61.8 (3.5), P ≤ 0.01). There were no significant changes in 25OHD concentrations in the placebo group after 12 weeks of metformin.

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, 12 weeks of atorvastatin led to a clinically significant rise in 25OHD concentrations. This may represent a beneficial pleiotropic effect of statins on 25OHD concentrations.
Laboratory Performance Comparison of Stabilized Undercut Subgrade Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Cote Benjamin , Robinson Brent , Pyo Sangchul , Park Young Jin , Gabr Mohammed , Borden Roy
Published: September 2010

This study evaluated the performance of undercut subgrade stabilization measures during construction traffic loading prior to final paving. Twenty-two simulated undercut sections with different stabilization configurations over a typically undercut Coastal Plain clay subgrade were built in a large-scale test pit. The subgrade was placed at a California Bearing Ratio of ∼2–3 % and stabilized with granular layers, granular layers reinforced with geosynthetics, and lime. Granular layers consisted of either aggregate base course (ABC), sandy select fill, or a multi-layer system with both soil types. The four geosynthetics tested were a woven reinforcement geotextile, a woven separation geotextile, and two biaxial polypropylene geogrids. The soft nature of the subgrade and its consequences on the ability to compact the ABC layer show the importance of carefully analyzing the results when viewed on a comparative basis. Cyclic plate loading simulating construction traffic showed that thicker granular layers produced less surface displacement, barring subgrade strength differences from remolding effects. Tests with lime stabilized subgrade showed the least magnitude of deformation over initial and post-rut repair cycles. ABC tests with geotextile showed improvement over unreinforced sections but only when placed at depths approximately equal to the loading plate diameter and after initial displacements mobilized the geosynthetic strength.
Application of Dynamic Compaction for Poorly Compacted Embankment
Authors: Yuan Jianbo , Liu Jianhua
Published: September 2010

This paper presents a successful application of dynamic compaction (DC) as a remedy to strengthen a poorly compacted expressway in Hunan (China). Comprehensive laboratory and in situ field tests were employed to determine the optimum drop height, number of tamping, grid spacing, and depth of densification that will achieve the most desirable results without damaging the underlying structure (culvert). Based on the density measurements and field observation, it was found that under Case I-2 conditions, the density increased from under 84 % to over 95 %. When the drop height was at 12 m, it caused heaving, an indication of displacing the soil plastically with no volume change. Thus, the optimal compaction parameters based on Case I-2 conditions were found to be 3.5 m spacing, 10 m drop height, 10 ton mass, and six tampings. The effectiveness of the DC under Case I-2 conditions was clearly demonstrated from the standard penetration test results, with a decrease of about ten blow counts for the top 4 m soil. In addition, there was a relative densification improvement of 50 % for the top 4.5 m soil. Case I-2 conditions were recommended to the highway authority, and it had been implemented to the entire expressway. A surface overlay was subsequently applied to the re-compacted embankment. To date (Spring 2010), no noticeable distresses have been observed after ∼12 months of opening to traffic. No structural damage to the underlying culvert was found either.
Post-ablative serum thyroglobulin is an independent predictor of recurrence in low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a 16-year follow-up study
Authors: Pelttari Hanna , Välimäki Matti J , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Schalin-Jäntti Camilla
Published: September 2010

Objective

To study whether post-surgical and/or post-ablative thyroglobulin (Tg) concentrations may serve as independent predictors of disease recurrence in patients treated for TNM stage I or II well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC).

Design

An observational retrospective study with a median follow-up of 16 years (range 10–24).

Patients and measurements

Post-operative and post-ablative Tg concentrations, age, tumour size, local infiltration and nodal metastasis at primary surgery as well as disease recurrences and cancer-specific deaths were evaluated in 495 low-risk (TNM stages I and II) patients, the majority of whom had total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine remnant ablation as initial treatment.

Results

Fifty-one patients (10.3%) experienced disease recurrence during follow-up. In multiple logistic regression analysis, post-ablative Tg concentrations (odds ratio (OR) 3.72, confidence interval (CI) 1.71–8.05, P=0.0009) and local infiltration on primary surgery (OR 2.66, CI 1.03–6.90, P=0.04) were the only independent predictors of recurrence.

Conclusions

Post-ablative Tg concentration is a strong predictor of disease recurrence in WDTC.
Cold Crucible Vitrification of U-bearing SRS SB4 HLW Surrogate
Authors: Stefanovsky Sergey , Ptashkin Alexander , Knyazev Oleg , Stefanovsky Olga , Marra James C
Published: September 2010

Savannah River Site Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) high level waste (HLW) simulant at 55 wt % waste loading was produced in the demountable cold crucible and cooled to room temperature in the cold crucible. Appreciable losses of Cs, S and Cl took place during the melting. A second glass sample was subjected to canister centerline cooling (CCC) regime in an alumina crucible in a resistive furnace. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed that the glass blocks were composed of vitreous and spinel structure phases. No separate U-bearing phases were found.
Rhizomes and plateaus
Authors: Barham Jeremy
Published: September 2010

Problems of jazz historiography are identified and discussed. The model of historiography offered by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari based on the concept of the non-hierarchical, anti-genealogical rhizome is proposed as an alternative to existing approaches. Applied to an examination of the jazz-’classical’ relationship, the model highlights a number of nodes and plateaus of musical identity. Particular reference is made to Bill Evans, Messiaen, Cecil Taylor, Anthony Braxton and post-war avant-garde ‘classical’ music.
Review of Robin D. G. Kelley, Thelonious Monk: The Life and Times of an American Original
Authors: Perchard Tom
Published: September 2010

New York: Free Press, 2009. 336 pp
Histology and Function: Analyzing the Uvular Muscle
Authors: Landes Constantin A. , Weichert Frank , Steinbauer Thomas , Walczak Lars , Hasenfus Andrea , Veith Christian , Schröder Andreas , Fritsch Helga , Theegarten Dirk , Wagner Mathias
Published: September 2010

Objective

Virtual surgery and virtual patients necessitate quantitative data on the area of interest. The study was conducted to exactly describe the embryonic and fetal uvular muscle (MU), relevant for clinical as well as virtual surgery and virtual patient generation.

Method

Serially sectioned viscerocrania of 10 aborted embryos and fetuses underwent three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain detailed anatomic data and perform finite element analyses.

Results

The MU was paired in 80% of cases, while 20% allowed no clear-cut distinction. The MU merged with the levator muscle beneath the palatal aponeurosis without a hard palate insertion. Superior longitudinal central fibers ran below the nasal mucosa, and few circular peripheral fibers crossed in the central third to the contralateral side. This was seen in 30% of the paired muscles and in all cases when no differentiation was possible; about 40% to 80% MU fibers crossed to the ipsi lateral and contralateral palatopharyngeus muscle behind the levator loop. MU fibers inserted 60% nasal and 40% oral to the basal membrane at the middle third of the macroscopic uvula, made of loose connective tissue and salivary glands. The results of the finite element simulation of the uvula showed no distinct patterns or distributions of local stress.

Conclusions

Detailed anatomical study supported the concept of mediocranial MU repositioning during corrective surgery, although the impact is minor to the levator muscle's action. Future mathematical models describing effects of such a maneuver should integrate surrounding structures.
Achieving Low Cleft Palate Fistula Rates: Surgical Results and Techniques
Authors: Losken H. Wolfgang , Van Aalst John A. , Teotia Sumeet S. , Dean Shay B. , Hultman Scott , Uhrich Kim S.
Published: September 2010

Objectives

To prospectively evaluate and reduce fistula rate after primary cleft palate repair in an academic setting.

Methods

After noting an institutional palate fistula rate of 35.8%, when a majority of palatoplasties were performed using the Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty, the decision was made to re-evaluate the surgical techniques used for palate repair. As part of our re-evaluation, Furlow and von Langenbeck repairs were limited to clefts less than 8 mm in width. Wider clefts were repaired early in the series with Veau-Wardill-Kilner and later with Bardach two-flap palatoplasties. Half of each palate repair was performed by the residents.

Setting

Multidisciplinary follow-up was obtained at the University of North Carolina Craniofacial Center.

Results

A palate fistula was noted in 2 (1.6%) out of 126 cleft palate repairs (both fistulas were located at the anterior hard palate). A split uvula was identified in 2 of 59 patients where the status of the uvula was reported (3.4%).

Conclusion

This study summarizes one of the lowest overall fistula rates reported in the literature. In a tertiary-care academic setting, plastic surgery residents can actively contribute to palatoplasty with a very low fistula rate. Technical keys to achieving low fistula rate include skeletonization of the vascular pedicle for medialization of the mucoperiosteal flaps, aggressive posterior repositioning of the levator muscle, and meticulous two-layer mattress-suture closure. We recommend Furlow repair for narrower clefts (less than 8 mm wide at the posterior border of the hard palate) and the Bardach two-flap palatoplasty for wider clefts.
Moraxella Catarrhalis: An Unrecognized Pathogen of the Oral Cavity?
Authors: Narinesingh Sharda P. , Whitby David J. , Davenport Peter J.
Published: September 2010

Objective

We investigated the effect of the bacterial flora of the nose and throat on the outcome of the initial repairs of the cleft palate in the presence of prophylactic antibiotics.

Design

A retrospective review of 90 procedures in 66 patients who had cleft palate repair between April 2005 and June 2007 was conducted at Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester, U.K. Both isolated cleft palate and cleft lip and palate patients were included. Exclusion criteria included syndromic cases, other medical disorders, and revisions of previous cleft palate repairs. Nose and throat swabs were taken on admission. Benzyl penicillin and flucloxacillin were given perioperatively. The occurrence of oronasal fistulas was correlated with the bacteria grown on culture.

Results

The oronasal fistula rate was 15.9%. The highest fistula rate in procedures with positive swabs was seen with Moraxella catarrhalis.

Conclusions

M. catarrhalis has not been previously recognized as a pathogen in cleft palate repairs. This study demonstrates a higher fistula rate in procedures positive for M. catarrhalis. Other factors that may have contributed to the fistula formation include the severity of the initial cleft and technical factors. Further study is required before a definitive link can be established.
β-TCP versus Autologous Bone for Repair of Alveolar Clefts in a Goat Model
Authors: Ad De Ruiter , Meijer Gert , Dormaar Titiaan , Janssen Nard , Van Der Bilt Andries , Slootweg Piet , De Bruijn Joost , Van Rijn Linda , Koole Ronald
Published: September 2010

Objective

The aim of this study in goats was to test the hypothesis that a novel synthetic bone substitute beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) can work as well as autologous bone harvested from the iliac crest for grafting and repair of alveolar clefts.

Design

Ten adult Dutch milk goats ( Capra hircus) were used in a split-mouth study design.

Main outcome measures

Volumetric histologic assessment of new bone formation and radiographic measurement of orthodontic movement of teeth in a formerly created alveolar cleft.

Conclusions

The synthetic bone substitute β-TCP was shown to result in bone healing similar to that of iliac crest bone. The surgical, orthodontic, and histologic results now warrant the testing of β-TCP in the human cleft situation.
Postoperative Wound Management after Cleft Lip Surgery
Authors: Nagy Krisztián , Mommaerts Maurice Y.
Published: September 2010

Objective

Our aim was to describe the postoperative management and wound care protocol after primary cleft lip closure, as it has been used in the Bruges Cleft and Craniofacial Center at the supraregional teaching hospital AZ St. Jan, Bruges, between June 1, 1991, and July 1, 2009.

Materials

The postoperative management and wound care included the use of a Logan bow, long-acting local anesthetic, elbow restraints, antibiotic therapy, crust removal with normal saline solution, and a special local wound ointment that was prepared at our center.

Results

During the last 19 years, 199 unilateral and 103 bilateral cleft lip patients have been repaired. 2.6% showed postoperative infection and/or dehiscence. One percent required readmission for reoperation. In 1.6%, inflammatory reaction was treated with oral antibiotics.

Conclusion

The specific wound dressing ointment, as it is prepared in our department, could meet the requirements of primary wound management after cleft lip closure.
Intracranial Volume and Whole Brain Volume in Infants with Unicoronal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Hill Cheryl A. , Vaddi S. , Moffitt Amanda , Kane A.A. , Marsh Jeffrey L. , Panchal Jayesh , Richtsmeier Joan T. , Aldridge Kristina
Published: September 2010

Objective

Craniosynostosis has been hypothesized to result in alterations of the brain and cerebral blood flow due to reduced intracranial volume, potentially leading to cognitive deficits. In this study we test the hypothesis that intracranial volume and whole brain volume in infants with unilateral coronal synostosis differs from those in unaffected infants.

Design

Our study sample consists of magnetic resonance images acquired from 7- to 72-week-old infants with right unilateral coronal synostosis prior to surgery (n = 10) and age-matched unaffected infants (n = 10). We used Analyze 9.0 software to collect three cranial volume measurements. We used nonparametric tests to determine whether the three measures differ between the two groups. Correlations were calculated between age and the three volume measures in each group to determine whether the growth trajectory of the measurements differ between children with right unicoronal synostosis and unaffected infants.

Results

Our results show that the three volume measurements are not reduced in infants with right unicoronal synostosis relative to unaffected children. Correlation analyses between age and various volume measures show similar correlations in infants with right unicoronal synostosis compared with unaffected children.

Conclusions

Our results show that the relationship between brain size and intracranial size in infants with right unicoronal synostosis is similar to that in unaffected children, suggesting that reduced intracranial volume is not responsible for alterations of the brain in craniosynostosis.
Prevalence and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Snoring in Infants with Pierre Robin Sequence
Authors: Anderson Iee Ching W. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , McGinley Brian M. , Redett Richard J. , Boss Emily F. , Ishman Stacey L.
Published: September 2010

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in infants with Pierre Robin sequence prior to airway intervention and determine whether snoring correlates with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea in this population.

Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Urban tertiary care teaching hospital.

Participants/Methods

Review of infants with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent polysomnography in the first year of life from 2002 to 2007. Only results from the initial polysomnography were analyzed. A subgroup of consecutive prospectively tested patients was also evaluated.

Results

A total of 33 infants with Pierre Robin sequence were identified. Of these, 13 (39%), 11 girls and two boys, underwent polysomnography in the first year of life. The mean age at evaluation was 48 days (range, 7 to 214 days). Seven nonconsecutive and six consecutive patients were included, and no significant differences were seen between groups. Obstructive sleep apnea was identified in 11 of 13 (85%) infants. The mean obstructive apnea-hypopnea index was 33.5 (range, 0 to 85.7). Obstructive sleep apnea severity was mild in 2 of 11 (18%), moderate in 3 of 11 (27%), and severe in 6 of 11 (55%). Mean end-tidal Pco2 measurements were elevated at 59 mm Hg (range, 47 to 76 mm Hg). Mean oxygen saturation nadir was decreased at 80% (range, 68% to 93%). Snoring occurred in only 7 of 13 (54%). Of the subjects with obstructive sleep apnea, snoring occurred in 6 of 11 (55%).

Conclusion

The high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in this group suggests that polysomnography should be promptly performed in children with Pierre Robin sequence. Although snoring was seen in the majority, the absence of snoring did not exclude the presence of obstructive sleep apnea.
Phenylmethimazole blocks palmitate-mediated induction of inflammatory cytokine pathways in 3T3L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: McCall Kelly D , Holliday Dawn , Dickerson Eric , Wallace Brian , Schwartz Anthony L , Schwartz Christopher , Lewis Christopher J , Kohn Leonard D , Schwartz Frank L
Published: September 2010

Visceral adipocytes and associated macrophages produce and release excessive amounts of biologically active inflammatory cytokines via the portal and systemic vascular system, which induce insulin resistance in insulin target tissues such as fat, liver, and muscle. Free fatty acids (FFAs) absorbed via the portal system or released from adipocytes also induce insulin resistance. In this report, we show that phenylmethimazole (C10) blocks basal IL6 and leptin production as well as basal Socs-3 expression in fully differentiated 3T3L1 cells (3T3L1 adipocytes) without affecting insulin-stimulated AKT signaling. In addition, C10 inhibits palmitate-induced IL6 and iNos up-regulation in both 3T3L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages, LPS-induced NF-κB and IFN-β activation in 3T3L1 cells, and LPS-induced iNos, Ifn-β, Il1β, Cxcl10, and Il6 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. C10 also blocks palmitate-induced Socs-3 up-regulation and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine 307 phosphorylation in 3T3L1 adipocytes. Additionally, we show for the first time that although palmitate increases IRS-1 serine 307 phosphorylation in 3T3L1 adipocytes, AKT serine 473 phosphorylation is enhanced, not reduced, by palmitate. These results suggest that through inhibition of FFA-mediated signaling in adipocytes and associated macrophages, as well as possibly other insulin target cells/tissues (i.e. non-immune cells), C10 might be efficacious to prevent or reverse cytokine-induced insulin resistance seen in obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The influence of glaciations on the dynamics of mountain hydrothermal systems: numerical modeling of the La Léchère system (Savoie, France)
Authors: Thiebaud Emilie , Gallino Stéphanie , Dzikowski Marc , Gasquet Dominique
Published: September 2010

Although thermal waters are found in numerous Alpine valleys, the mechanisms responsible for their occurrence remain unclear. The present study used a 2-D numerical model of an Alpine hydrothermal system (La Léchère, Savoie) to investigate these mechanisms. A steady-state hydrodynamic model was calibrated using present-day observations, and then applied to predict outlet temperatures assuming steady-state conditions and the current heat flux and water flow. This simulation produced anomalously low outlet temperatures compared with present-day temperatures, indicating that water circulation within the La Léchère aquifer cannot have been constant throughout its history. Based on the suggestion that glaciations block aquifer circulation, a second simulation was carried out assuming zero water infiltration during the Würm glacial period. The outlet temperatures predicted by this second simulation were much closer to present-day temperatures. These two simulations show that the thermal anomaly at La Léchère is incompatible with the classic model of the progressive heating of thermal waters and that the current temperature of the thermal waters can be explained by changes in aquifer infiltration rates.
Mitigation of Seed Germination Impediments in Hairy Vetch
Authors: Jacobsen Krista L. , Gallagher Robert S. , Burnham Mark , Bradley Brosi B. , Larson Zachary M. , Walker Charles W. , Watson Jack E.
Published: September 2010

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a promising winter cover crop for northern climates, but germination can be limited by low soil moisture conditions. Farmers may be reluctant to use hairy vetch, concerned that hard seed will emerge as weeds in succeeding crops. This work examines germination, dormancy, and viability of hairy vetch seeds from nine commercial seed sources, and evaluates the effects of mechanical scarification and ambient temperature hydropriming on the degree of hard‐seededness, germination, seed viability and seedling vigor in a range of simulated soil moisture conditions. Hydropriming increased germination by 5% across seed sources and water potentials, but reduced seedling growth by 16%. Mechanical scarification eliminated all hard‐seededness, but increased physiologically dormant seed by ∼5% and nonviable seed by ∼2% and reduced seedling growth by 39%. This work indicates that pretreatments may increase germination and reduce hard‐seededness, but reduce seed viability and seedling vigor in some seed sources.
Sugarcane Response to Phosphorus Fertilizer on Everglades Histosols
Authors: McCray J. Mabry , Rice Ronald W. , Luo Yigang , Ji Shangning
Published: September 2010

Determining sugarcane (Saccharumspp.) yield response to P fertilizer supports the development of agricultural best management practices consistent with Everglades restoration efforts. Field studies were conducted on organic soils to determine sugarcane yield responses to P fertilizer. Four test sites were established on Florida Histosols (water‐extractable P = 1.3, 1.7, 2.1, and 9.0 g P m−3) with annual banded rates of 0, 9, 18, 36, 72, and 144 kg P ha−1There were a total of 13 crop years with duration of each test ranging from 2 to 4 yr. Linear and quadratic regression and single degree of freedom contrasts were used to determine P fertilizer requirements. There were responses in t cane ha−1(TCH) and t sucrose ha−1(TSH) to P fertilizer application at four and three sites, respectively. Annual fertilizer P requirement at the four sites ranged from 18 to 33 kg P ha−1, with no consistent change in P requirement across crop years. Based on measured response (95% of maximum yield) in TCH and TSH up to 33 kg P ha−1, the maximum P recommendation for sugarcane grown on Florida Histosols should be maintained at 36 kg P ha−1Minimal reductions in sucrose concentration (kg sucrose t−1cane) were measured at P rates ≤36 kg P ha−1Water‐extractable P did not predict the measured yield response at all sites, demonstrating the need for an updated soil test calibration that should be applicable over a wide pH range and include both quickly available and reserve soil P.
Responses of Spring Wheat and Soybean to Subsurface Drainage in Northwest Minnesota
Authors: Wiersma J. J. , Sands G. R. , Kandel H. J. , Rendahl A. K. , Jin C. X. , Hansen B. J.
Published: September 2010

The advantages and adoption of subsurface drainage are well documented in many parts of the Upper Midwest. The adoption of subsurface drainage in the northern half of Minnesota, in particular the Red River of the North Basin (RRB), has been relatively small compared with other intensively drained regions of the Upper Midwest. The objectives of this research were to measure the effect of subsurface drainage on grain yield and grain quality of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the RRB. Experimental sites were established near Brooks and Crookston, MN. At each site subsurface drainage was installed based on drainage coefficients of 6.3, 12.7, and 19 mm d−1 of excess soil water. The grain yield of both wheat and soybean did not improve with subsurface drainage. In contrast to grain yield, grain protein in both wheat and soybean increased. The grain protein increased linearly in spring wheat as the drainage coefficient increased. In soybean, grain protein showed a quadratic response to the increase in the drainage coefficient. A correlated response to the increase in grain protein was detected with the quadratic decrease in oil content in soybean. These results suggest that subsurface drainage as a means to supplement the predominant system of land leveling and surface drainage may have limited applicability in the RRB as subsurface drainage did not improve grain yield of spring wheat or soybean, greatly limiting the economic feasibility of subsurface drainage.
Simulating Alternative Dryland Rotational Cropping Systems in the Central Great Plains with RZWQM2
Authors: Saseendran S. A. , Nielsen David C. , Ma Liwang , Ahuja Laj R. , Vigil Merle F.
Published: September 2010

Long‐term crop rotation effects on crop water use and yield have been investigated in the Central Great Plains since the 1990s. System models are needed to synthesize these long‐term results for making management decisions and for transferring localized data to other conditions. The objectives of this study were to calibrate a cropping systems model (RZWQM2 with the DSSAT v4.0 crop modules) for dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) production in the wheat–corn–millet (WCM) rotation from 1995 to 2008, and then to evaluate the model from 1992–2008 for two additional rotations, wheat–fallow (WF) and wheat–corn–fallow (WCF) on a Weld silt loam soil under no‐till conditions. Measured biomass and grain yield for the above three rotations were simulated reasonably well with root mean squared errors (RMSEs) ranging between 1147 and 2547 kg ha−1 for biomass, and between 280 and 618 kg ha−1 for grain yield. Corresponding index of agreement (d) ranged between 0.70 and 0.95 for biomass, and between 0.87 and 0.97 for grain yield. The validated model was further used to evaluate two additional crop rotations: wheat–millet–fallow (WMF) and wheat–corn–millet–fallow (WCMF) (1993–2008) without prior knowledge of the two rotations. We found that the model simulated the mean and range of yield and biomass of the three crops well. These results demonstrated that RZWQM2 can be used to synthesize long‐term crop rotation data and to predict crop rotation effects on crop production under the semiarid conditions of eastern Colorado.
Modified C-Reactive Protein Might be a Target Autoantigen of TINU Syndrome
Authors: Tan Ying , Yu Feng , Qu Zhen , Su Tao , Xing Guang-Qun , Wu Li-Hua , Wang Feng-Mei , Liu Gang , Yang Liu , Zhao Ming-Hui
Published: September 2010

Background and objectives

The cross-reactive antigen(s) of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome from renal tubulointerstitia and ocular tissue remain unidentified. The authors' recent study demonstrated that the presence of serum IgG autoantibodies against modified C-reactive protein (mCRP) was closely associated with the intensity of tubulointerstitial lesions in lupus nephritis. The study presented here investigates the possible role of IgG autoantibodies against mCRP in patients with TINU syndrome.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

mCRP autoantibodies were screened by ELISA with purified human C-reactive protein in 9 patients with TINU syndrome, 11 with drug-associated acute interstitial nephritis, 20 with IgA nephropathy, 19 with minimal change disease, 20 with ANCA-associated vasculitis, 6 with Sjogren's syndrome, and 12 with amyloidosis. mCRP expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in renal biopsy specimens from the 9 patients with TINU syndrome and 40 from disease controls. Frozen normal human kidney and iris were used to demonstrate co-localization of human IgG and mCRP from patients with TINU syndrome with laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Results

The mCRP autoantibodies were detected in all nine patients with TINU syndrome, significantly higher than that of those with disease controls (P < 0.05). The renal histologic score of mCRP in TINU syndrome was significantly higher than that in disease controls (P < 0.05). The staining of mCRP and human IgG were co-localized in renal and ocular tissues.

Conclusions

It is concluded that mCRP might be a target autoantigen in TINU syndrome.
In Vitro Detection of Secondary Caries Associated with Composite Restorations on Approximal Surfaces Using Laser Fluorescence
Authors: Rodrigues J. A. , Neuhaus K. W. , Hug I. , Stich H. , Seemann R. , Lussi A.
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance

Detecting secondary caries is difficult when using the visual-tactile examination. This study showed that the laser fluorescence device can be an auxiliary method for the detection of lesions associated with composite restorations on approximal surfaces.
Influence of Storage Conditions of Adhesive Vials on Dentin Bond Strength
Authors: Shibuya-Chiba Y. , Iwasa M. , Tsubota K. , Miyazaki M. , Hirose H. , Platt J. A.
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance

Short-term storage at low temperatures enhances the dentin bond strength of single-step self-etch adhesives.
The Influence of Bonding Agents on the Decision to Replace Composite Restorations
Authors: Pamir T. , Kaya A. D. , Baksi B. G. , Sen B. H. , Boyacioglu H.
Published: September 2010

Clinical Relevance

Radiolucent areas around restorations may result from either a halo effect or radiographic density of the adhesives. Therefore, the use of an adhesive with radiopaque fillers may be more clinically reliable for avoiding inappropriate replacements.
Fatigue Investigation of Elastomeric Structures
Authors: Näser Bastian , Kaliske Michael , Mars Will V.
Published: September 2010

Fatigue crack growth can occur in elastomeric structures whenever cyclic loading is applied. In order to design robust products, sensitivity to fatigue crack growth must be investigated and minimized. The task has two basic components: (1) to define the material behavior through measurements showing how the crack growth rate depends on conditions that drive the crack, and (2) to compute the conditions experienced by the crack. Important features relevant to the analysis of structures include time-dependent aspects of rubber’s stress-strain behavior (as recently demonstrated via the dwell period effect observed by Harbour et al.), and strain induced crystallization. For the numerical representation, classical fracture mechanical concepts are reviewed and the novel material force approach is introduced. With the material force approach at hand, even dissipative effects of elastomeric materials can be investigated. These complex properties of fatigue crack behavior are illustrated in the context of tire durability simulations as an important field of application.
On n-normal posets
Authors: Halaš Radomír , Joshi Vinayak , Kharat Vilas
Published: September 2010

A poset Q is called n-normal, if its every prime ideal contains at most n minimal prime ideals. In this paper, using the prime ideal theorem for finite ideal distributive posets, some properties and characterizations of n-normal posets are obtained.
Bulgarian golden root in vitro cultures for micropropagation and reintroduction
Authors: Tasheva Krasimira , Kosturkova Georgina
Published: September 2010

Rhodiola rosea is an endangered medicinal plant used for cancer, cardiovascular, and nervous system diseases therapy. Due to its limited distribution and sustainability alternative methods for production of its valuable substances are under investigation. Using in vitro techniques apical and rhizome buds, leaf nodes, stem and radix segments from wild plants and in vitro seedlings were plated on 24 modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) media. Decontamination of plant material was successful only in 21% of the schemes. The best shoot induction was obtained from seedling explants on media containing 2 mg/l zeatin or N6-benzylaminopurine, each. Their reduction stimulated shoot formation in the next passages (multiplication rate up to 5). Efficient rooting was induced on half-strength MS with 2 mg/l Indole-3-butyric acid and stimulated by adding 0.2 mg/l Indolyl-3-acetic acid. Regenerants rooted in perlite, peat, and soil (1:1:2), adapted in greenhouse, and transplanted in the mountains survived (70%) and developed like the wild plants. Salidroside content of these plants after one or two years was high (0.64 and 0.61% in rhizomes and 0.62 and 0.53% in roots, respectively). This is the first established efficient scheme for micropropagation of Bulgarian R. rosea allowing habitats restoration, germplasm conservation, and potential application of biotechnology for production of valuable substances.
Polyethylene glycol-mediated synthesis of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones catalyzed by ceric ammonium nitrate
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Bhatnagar Divya
Published: September 2010

Polyethylene glycol was found to be an inexpensive non-toxic and effective medium for one pot synthesis of high yields of decahydroacridine-1,8-diones in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate as the catalyst. Moreover, the solvent can be recovered and reused.
Ranking of the Nonlinearities of Electrodynamic Loudspeakers
Authors: Ravaud Romain , Lemarquand Guy , Lemarquand Valérie , Roussel Tangi
Published: September 2010

The aim of this paper is to present a way of ranking the nonlinearities of electrodynamic loudspeakers. For this purpose, we have constructed a nonlinear analytic model which takes into account the variations of the small signal parameters. The determination of these variations is based on a very precise measurement of the electrical impedance of the electrodynamic loudspeaker. First, we present the experimental method to identify the variations of these parameters, then we propose to study theoretically the importance of these nonlinearities according to the input level or the input frequency. We show that the parameter which creates most of the distortions is not always the same and depends mainly on both the input level and the input frequency. Such results can be very useful for optimization of electrodynamic loudspeakers.
A Digitally Controlled Model of an Active Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix for Projection Imaging of Biological Media
Authors: Opieliński Krzysztof , Gudra Tadeusz , Pruchnicki Piotr
Published: September 2010

The following work presents the idea of constructing a digitally controlled active piezoceramic transducer matrix for ultrasonic projection imaging of biological media in a similar way as in case of roentgenography (RTG). Multielement ultrasonic probes in the form of flat matrices of elementary piezoceramic transducers require attaching a large number of electrodes in order to activate the individual transducers. This paper presents the idea of minimising the number of transducer connections in an active row-column matrix system. This idea was verified by designing a model of a matrix consisting of 16 ultrasonic transducers with electrode attachments optimised by means of electronic switches in rows and columns and miniature transistor switches in the nodes of the matrix allowing to activate selected transducers. The results of measurements and simulations of parameters of the designed matrix show that it is suitable to be used in projection imaging of biological media as a sending probe. In to use the matrix as a universal sending or receiving probe, it was suggested to add further switches that would eliminate the undesired effect of crosstalks in case of switches used for toggling the transducers in the nodes of the matrix.
Noise at Workplaces in the Call Center
Authors: Smagowska Bożena
Published: September 2010

In the last years the number of new forms of workplaces, such as call centers, increases. It is defined as a workstation where the basic tasks of a worker are carried out with the use of a phone and a computer. According to statistics, about 1.3-4% of workers are employed in call centers in the European countries. The noise is one of the harmful and annoying hazards of call center workstations. The paper presents the noise sources in call center rooms, assessment criteria of noise and results of noise measurements in call center workstations. The results of measurements show that the noise at call center workstations (during the use of handset receiver phone by operators) can be harmful (causing the risk of hearing loss) and annoying, as it makes it difficult to carry out the basic work activities and causes additionally auditory disadvantageous changes in health.
Persistent Mobility Disability After Neurotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Hile Elizabeth S. , Fitzgerald G. Kelley , Studenski Stephanie A.
Published: September 2010

Background and Purpose

The impact of cancer and its treatments on balance and functional mobility in older adults remains unknown but is increasingly important, given the evolution of cancer treatments. Subacute and more persistent side effects such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are on the rise, and the effects on mobility and balance, as well as the prognosis for resolution of any functional deficits, must be established before interventions can be trialed. The purpose of this case report is to describe the severity and long-term persistence of mobility decline in an older adult who received neurotoxic chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe an older adult with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using results of standardized balance and mobility tests and to focus on prognosis by repeating these measures more than 2 years after chemotherapy.

Case Description

An 81-year-old woman received a neurotoxic agent (paclitaxel) after curative mastectomy for breast cancer. Baseline testing prior to taxane therapy revealed a socially active woman with no reported functional deficits or neuropathic symptoms, 1.2-m/s gait speed, and performance at the ceiling on balance and gait portions of a standardized mobility measure.

Outcomes

After 3 cycles, paclitaxel therapy was stopped by the oncologist because of neurotoxicity. Declines as large as 50% were seen in performance-based measures at 12 weeks and persisted at 2.5 years, and the patient reported recurrent falls, cane use, and mobility-related disability.

Discussion

This case highlights the extent to which function can decline in an older individual receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy, the potential for these deficits to persist years after treatment is stopped, and the need for physical therapy intervention and further research in this population.
Promoting the Use of Measurement Tools in Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Activities and Experiences of Physical Therapist Knowledge Brokers
Authors: Rivard Lisa M. , Russell Dianne J. , Roxborough Lori , Ketelaar Marjolijn , Bartlett Doreen J. , Rosenbaum Peter
Published: September 2010

Background

The use of knowledge brokers (KBs) has been recommended as a mechanism to facilitate the use of research evidence in clinical practice. However, little has been written regarding the practical implementation of the KB role.

Objectives

This article (1) describes the brokering activities of 24 pediatric physical therapist KBs (in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada), and (2) reports KBs' perceptions of the utility of their role and their experiences with the brokering process.

Design

A mixed-methods research design was used in this investigation, which was part of a larger knowledge translation (KT) study that demonstrated the effectiveness of using KBs to implement a group of evidence-based measurement tools into practice.

Methods

The KBs completed weekly activity logs, which were summarized and described. Semi-structured telephone interviews with KBs were analyzed qualitatively to provide insight into their perceptions of their role and the brokering process. Major interview themes were identified and verified through member checking.

Results

Brokering activities varied considerably as KBs adapted to meet the needs of their colleagues. The KBs indicated that they highly valued the connection to the research community and spoke of the enthusiastic engagement of their physical therapist colleagues (and others in their organization) in the brokering process. They discussed the importance of understanding the practice context and organizational factors that could affect knowledge transfer. The KBs spoke of the need to dedicate time for the role and had a strong sense of the supports needed to implement a KB role in future.

Conclusions

Considerable variation in brokering activities was demonstrated across KB participants. The KBs perceived their role as useful and indicated that organizational commitment is crucial to the success of this KT strategy.
Socioeconomic Status, English Proficiency, and Late-Emerging Reading Difficulties
Authors: Kieffer Michael J.
Published: September 2010

Educators have growing concerns about students who learn to read proficiently by third grade but fall behind in later grades. This study investigates the prevalence of “late-emerging” reading difficulties among English language learners (ELLs) and native English speakers from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, using longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample of U.S. students. Results indicate that substantial proportions of both groups develop difficulties during the upper elementary and middle school grades. ELLs and students from low socioeconomic backgrounds are at significantly elevated risk for late-emerging difficulties; ELLs and non-ELLs from similar socioeconomic backgrounds are at similar risk.
Bonded Whitetopping Overlay Design Considerations for Prevention of Reflection Cracking, Joint Sealing, and the Use of Dowel Bars
Authors: Vandenbossche Julie M. , Barman Manik
Published: September 2010

Hundreds of bonded portland cement concrete (PCC) overlays of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements are being constructed in the United States and around the world. Increasing interest in this rehabilitation method has led to a need to define further the most common forms of distresses, quantify the extent of influence of design parameters on performance, and develop rational design guidelines. This study evaluates the performance of in-service pavements to establish criteria for when reflection cracks might develop. Reflection cracking is dictated by the thickness of the PCC overlay and HMA layer, panel size, climatic conditions, and accumulated vehicle loads. When the relative stiffness of the PCC overlay and HMA layer (defined during the coldest month of the year) falls below the critical value one, reflection cracking develops. The rate of development is a function of the load-related stress in the overlay. The performance analysis of the in-service pavements also verify the benefits of joint sealing and the use of small diameter dowel bars for high volume roadway applications.