bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary experience with the use of bendamustine
Authors: Malipatil Baswantrao , Ganesan Prasanth , Sundersingh Shirley , Gnana Sagar Tenali
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Bendamustine has been recently approved for the treatment of low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders. There is little data on the effectiveness or toxicity of this drug outside the trial setting. This is the first report on the use of bendamustine from the Indian subcontinent.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:

Retrospective descriptive analysis of response and side effects of bendamustine in eight patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and eight patients with follicular lymphoma.

METHODS:

Data was collated from a review of case records. We examined any association between side effects and clinical parameters.

RESULTS:

The median age of patients was 52 years and three-quarters had received prior treatment with alkyl -ators or fludarabine. Three different protocols of bendamustine were used (single agent, in combination with rituximab or in combination with vincristine and prednisolone). The overall response rate was 80% (47% complete response, 33% partial response, and 20% progressive disease). The drug was well tolerated with very few grade 3/4 toxicities. More than half the patients (9/16) developed a characteristic erythematous, papular skin rash that resolved after completion of chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION:

Bendamustine is a safe and useful addition to the drug arsenal against lymphoproliferative disorders. A peculiar skin rash was the commonest side effect noted in Indian patients treated with this drug.
AIDS-related sinonasal Burkitt lymphoma successfully treated with intensive chemotherapy regimen and high active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Werutsky Gustavo , de Carvalho Gisele Pereira , da Silva Vinicius Duval , Garicochea Bernardo
Published: July 2014

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the second most common AIDS-related lymphoma. Primary sinonasal BL in HIV patients is extremely rare and treatment data in this subset of patients is almost nonexistent. Recently, a few studies reported promising results treating HIV-associate BL with an intensive chemotherapy regimen. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) concomitantly with chemotherapy seems to improve patient outcomes, but this topic is still controversial due to potential drug interactions. We report a case of a 29-year old woman diagnosed with AIDS presenting with symptoms of chronic sinusitis. subsequent investigation by CT scan and endoscopic biopsy discovered a sinonasal BL in an early stage. The patient was treated with intensive chemotherapy and HAART and achieved a complete remission and long-term immunologic recovery. This case report describes a rare entity whose natural history, treatment and prognosis is infrequently characterized in the medical literature.
Cytomegalovirus infections in unrelated cord blood transplantation in pediatric patients
Authors: Hajjar Sami Al , Seraihi Amal Al , Muhsen Saleh Al , Ayas Mouhab , Jumaah Suliman Al , Jefri Abdullah Al , Shoukri Mohamed , Solh Hassan El
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Stem cells from umbilical cord blood (CB) have increasingly become a viable alternate source of progenitor cells for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is thought to contribute significantly to HSCT morbidity and mortality.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

Retrospective case-control study in patients at tertiary care center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We determined the incidence, risk factors and outcomes for CMV infection and disease after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in children.

RESULTS:

Between 2003 and 2007, 73 pediatric patients underwent UCBT and 68% of recipients were CMV seropositive. The overall incidence of CMV infection, early and late CMV infection was 58.9% (43/73), 62.8% (27/43), and 37.4% (16/43), respectively. In patients with early CMV infection, 6 of 27 (22%) patients progressed to develop CMV end-organ disease including pneumonitis and retinitis. High levels CMV antigenemia ≥70 infected cells by pp65 antigenemia assay + PMNs, P=.237) were associated with a higher risk of progression to CMV disease. The development of CMV infections was higher in CMV-seropositive recipients (P<.001) and in those who developed graft-versus-host-diseases (GVHD) (P<.001). Other risk factors for CMV infection include the use of high-dose corticosteroids (P<.001) and older age of the recipient at the time of transplant (P<.002). Late CMV infection was strongly associated with a previous history of early CMV infection (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:

CMV infection is a significant complication in UCBT recipients in pediatric patients and is associated with an increase in transplant-related morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for CMV infections after UCBT include GVHD, use of corticosteroids, underlying diseases (hematologic malignancies) and older age. Late CMV infection was strongly associated with a previous history of CMV infection.
High-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantation in the management of retinoblastoma
Authors: Jaradat Imad , Mubiden Rasmi , Salem Ahmed , Abdel-Rahman Fawzi , Al-Ahmad Iyad , Almousa Abdelatief
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

In recent years, there has been an increasing role for stem cell transplantation In the management of retinoblastoma. The aim of this study was to systematically review the role high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantation in the treatment of patients with metastatic or relapsed, trilateral or bilateral advanced retinoblastoma, and in patients with tumor at the surgical margin of the optic nerve and/or extrascleral extension.

DESIGN:

systematic literature review.

METHODS:

We performed an extensive PubMed database search on 25 February 2012 for studies describing the use of high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell transplantation in the management of patients with retinoblastoma.

RESULTS:

We located 1 5 studies that met the inclusion criteria and that included 101 patients. Following treatment for metastatic and relapsed disease, 44 of 77 patients (57.1 %) were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of follow-up. However, a higher rate of local relapse developed in patients with CNS metastases (73.1%), which dropped to 47.1 % in patients who received thiotepa. In patients with trilateral or bilateral advanced retinoblastoma, 5 of 7 (71.4%) with reported outcome data were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of follow-up. in patients with tumor at the surgical margin of the optic nerve and/or extrascleral extension, 6 of 7 patients (85.7%) were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Durable tumor control is possible in patients with non-CNS metastases, trilateral or bilateral advanced retinoblastoma, and in patients with tumor at the surgical margin of the optic nerve and/or extrascleral extension. Patients with CNS metastases require thiotepa to improve tumor control.
Myeloid sarcoma of the vulva post-bone marrow transplant presenting as isolated extramedullary relapse in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ahmed Nazer , Al-Badawi Ismail , Chebbo Wahiba , Chaudhri Naeem , El-Gohary Ghada
Published: July 2014

Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor of myoblasts or immature myeloid cells occurring in an extramedullary site. Myeloid sarcoma of the female genital tract as an isolated initial presentation or isolated relapse is very rare as evidenced from a literature review. We report a case of vulvar myeloid sarcoma presenting as isolated relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). A 41-year-old female diagnosed with AML M5 achieved remission with chemotherapy and underwent allogeneic HSCT from an HLA-matched sibling donor. The post-transplant period was complicated with chronic graft-versus-host disease. At 10 months post-transplant, she presented with a vulvar mass of six weeks duration. Excisional biopsy of the vulvar mass confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma as extramedullary relapse. Bone marrow biopsy was without evidence of leukemia. Involvement of the vulva, vaginal and adjacent cervical area only was confirmed. she received re-induction chemotherapy with clinical regression of both the vulvar, vaginal and the cervical masses; this was followed by radiation therapy to an extramedullary site. The correct diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, particularly of an isolated mass in the genital area, is important because of its rarity and the need for appropriate institution of therapy.
Mechanism of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clonal dominance
Authors: Kunyaboon Rajita , Wanachiwanawin Wanchai , U-Pratya Yaowalak , Thedsawad Anchalee , Taka Orathai
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, manifests when the PNH clone populates in the hematopoietic compartment. We explored the roles of different apoptosis of GPI+ and GPI- (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) cells and CD8+ lymphocytes in a selection of PNH clones.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Granulocytes from PNH patients and normal controls were subjected to an apoptosis assay using annexin V. Hematopoietic cell in semisolid media were cultured with or without CD8+ lymphocytes.

RESULTS:

In PNH, CD59+ granulocytes exhibited more apoptosis than their CD59- counterparts, after 0 or 4 hours in liquid growth culture system (mean [standard error of mean]: 2.1 (0.5) vs 1.2 (0.2), P=.01 at 0 hour and 3.4 [0.7] vs 1.8 [0.3], P=.03 at 4 hour, respectively). The presence of mononuclear cells (MNCs) rendered a greater difference in apoptosis. The percentages of apoptotic CD59+ granulocytes measured at 4 hours with or without MNC fraction were correlated with the sizes of PNH clones (r=0.633, P=.011; and r=0.648, P=.009; respectively). The autologous CD8+ lymphocytes inhibited CFU-GM and BFU-E colony formation in PNH patients when compared with normal controls (mean [SEM] of percentages of inhibition: 61.7 (10.4) vs 11.9 (2.0), P=.008 for CFU-GM and 26.1 (6.9) vs 4.9 (1.0), P=.037 for BFU-E).

CONCLUSIONS:

Increased apoptosis of GPI+ blood cells is likely to be responsible in selection and expansion of PNH clones. MNCs or possibly CD8+ lymphocytes may play a role in this phenomenon.
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Nassar Amr Ahmed
Published: July 2014

The feasibility of stem cell transplantation across the major histocompatibility (MHC) barrier—as in haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT)—has been proved for some time in several studies. The main limitations include a higher graft failure rate, delayed immune reconstitution after transplantation with high rates of life-threatening infections, a higher incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLPD), and severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In an attempt to reduce the transplant-related morbidity/mortality, several techniques had been evaluated involving conditioning regimen intensity, graft engineering, post-transplant cellular therapy and immunosuppression. This review will describe the current situation. It will also discuss initiatives and strategies to overcome the limitations associated with transplant across the MHC barrier.
Trajectory model simulations of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the lower stratosphere
Authors: Wang T. , Randel W. J. , Dessler A. E. , Schoeberl M. R. , Kinnison D. E.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. A domain-filling, forward trajectory model originally developed for simulating stratospheric water vapor is used to simulate ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the lower stratosphere. Trajectories are initialized in the upper troposphere, and the circulation is based on reanalysis wind fields. In addition, chemical production and loss rates along trajectories are included using calculations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). The trajectory model results show good overall agreement with satellite observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) in terms of spatial structure and seasonal variability. The trajectory model results also agree well with the Eulerian WACCM simulations. Analysis of the simulated tracers shows that seasonal variations in tropical upwelling exerts strong influence on O3 and CO in the tropical lower stratosphere, and the coupled seasonal cycles provide a useful test of the transport simulations. Interannual variations in the tracers are also closely coupled to changes in upwelling, and the trajectory model can accurately capture and explain observed changes during 2005–2011. This demonstrates the importance of variability in tropical upwelling in forcing chemical changes in the tropical lower stratosphere.
Explaining variance in black carbon's aging timescale
Authors: Fierce L. , Riemer N. , Bond T.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The size and composition of particles containing black carbon (BC) are modified soon after emission by condensation of semi-volatile substances and coagulation with other particles, known collectively as "aging" processes. Although this change in particle properties is widely recognized, the timescale for transformation is not well constrained. In this work, we simulated aerosol aging with the particle-resolved model PartMC-MOSAIC and extracted aging timescales based on changes in particle cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). We simulated nearly 300 scenarios and, through a regression analysis, identified the key parameters driving the value of the aging timescale. We show that BC's aging timescale spans from hours to weeks, depending on the local environmental conditions and the characteristics of the fresh BC-containing particles. Although the simulations presented in this study included many processes and particle interactions, we show that 80% of the variance in the aging timescale is explained by only a few key parameters. The condensation aging timescale decreased with the flux of condensing aerosol and was shortest for the largest fresh particles, while the coagulation aging timescale decreased with the total number concentration of large (D > 100 nm), CCN-active particles and was shortest for the smallest fresh particles. Therefore, both condensation and coagulation play important roles in aging, and their relative impact depends on the particle size range.
Extending the satellite data record of tropospheric ozone profiles from Aura-TES to MetOp-IASI
Authors: Oetjen H. , Payne V. H. , Kulawik S. S. , Eldering A. , Worden J. , Edwards D. P. , Francis G. L. , Worden H. M. , Clerbaux C. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , Hurtmans D.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. We apply the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) ozone retrieval algorithm to Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Instrument (IASI) radiances and characterise the uncertainties and information content of the retrieved ozone profiles. This study focuses on mid-latitudes for the year 2008. We validate our results by comparing the IASI ozone profiles to ozone sondes. In the sonde comparisons, we find a positive bias in the IASI ozone profiles in the UTLS region of up to 14% on average. For the described cases, the degrees of freedom for signal are on average 3.2, 0.3, 0.8, and 0.9 for the columns 0 km–top of atmosphere, (0–6) km, (0–11) km, and (8–16) km, respectively. We find that our biases with respect to sondes and our degrees of freedom for signal for ozone are comparable to previously published results from other IASI ozone algorithms. In addition to evaluating biases, we validate the retrieval errors by comparing predicted errors to the sample covariance matrix of the IASI observations themselves. For the predicted vs. empirical error comparison, we find that these errors are consistent and that the measurement noise and the interference of temperature and water vapour on the retrieval together mostly explain the empirically derived random errors. In general, the precision of the IASI ozone profiles is better than 20%.
Soil erosion in an avalanche release site (Valle d'Aosta: Italy): towards a winter factor for RUSLE in the Alps
Authors: Stanchi S. , Freppaz M. , Ceaglio E. , Maggioni M. , Meusburger K. , Alewell C. , Zanini E.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Soil erosion in Alpine areas is mainly related to extreme topographic and weather conditions. Although different methods of assessing soil erosion exist, the knowledge of erosive forces of the snow cover needs more investigation in order to allow soil erosion modeling in areas where the snow lays on the ground for several months. This study aims to assess whether the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) empirical prediction model, which gives an estimation of water erosion in t ha yr−1 obtained from a combination of five factors (rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, soil cover, protection practices) can be applied to mountain areas by introducing a winter factor (W), which should account for the soil erosion occurring in winter time by the snow cover. The W factor is calculated from the ratio of Ceasium-137 (137Cs) to RUSLE erosion rates. Ceasium-137 is another possible way of assessing soil erosion rates in the field. In contrast to RUSLE, it not only provides water-induced erosion but integrates all erosion agents involved. Thus, we hypothesize that in mountain areas the difference between the two approaches is related to the soil erosion by snow. In this study we compared 137Cs-based measurement of soil redistribution and soil loss estimated with RUSLE in a mountain slope affected by avalanches, in order to assess the relative importance of winter erosion processes such as snow gliding and full-depth avalanches. Three subareas were considered: DS, avalanche defense structures, RA, release area, and TA, track area, characterized by different prevalent winter processes. The RUSLE estimates and the 137Cs redistribution gave significantly different results. The resulting ranges of W evidenced relevant differences in the role of winter erosion in the considered subareas, and the application of an avalanche simulation model corroborated these findings. Thus, the higher rates obtained with the 137Cs method confirmed the relevant role of winter soil erosion. Despite the limited sample size (11 points), the inclusion of a W factor in RUSLE seems promising for the improvement of soil erosion estimates in Alpine environments affected by snow movements.
Definition of Concepts Clinical Event and Situation that Require Nursing Care
Authors: Ariza-Olarte Claudia ,   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Published: July 2014

La definición y el análisis de conceptos han llegado a constituir un proceso importante para la producción de conocimiento en la disciplina de enfermería; esta afirmación se ve apoyada en la literatura publicada en las últimas décadas, la cual muestra artículos en los que se desarrollan conceptos que han contribuido al crecimiento del conocimiento de dicha disciplina. Sin embargo es claro que, a pesar de ello, en el área clínica hace falta clarificar conceptos que aporten al conocimiento y que unifiquen el lenguaje usado por enfermería en dicha área; con ello se podría demostrar que enfermería no son solo acciones de cuidado en su naturaleza, sino que también maneja conceptos (palabras y frases) que indican atención en la práctica clínica, los cuales deben resultar del estudio riguroso.

Este artículo presenta la definición de la síntesis de los conceptos Evento clínico que requiere cuidado de enfermería (ECRCE) y Situación que requiere cuidado de enfermería (SRCE), a partir de los cambios fisiológicos, sentimientos, emociones y preocupaciones, que presenta el paciente que se encuentra en posoperatorio temprano (48 a 96 horas) de una revascularización miocárdica (RVM), los cuales conformaron el marco conceptual de la tesis doctoral titulada “Cuidado de enfermería al paciente en postoperatorio temprano de una revascularización miocárdica”. Dicha definición se realizó mediante el método de síntesis de conceptos planteado por Walker y Avant, como estrategia para la construcción de teoría que contribuya al enriquecimiento del conocimiento de enfermería. Estas autoras consideran que la síntesis de conceptos está basada en la observación o en la evidencia empírica. En esta metodología, los datos se pueden obtener desde la observación directa hasta la evidencia cuantitativa, la literatura, o con una combinación de los tres. Este proceso de síntesis de conceptos es considerado como uno de los más excitantes caminos para comenzar a construir teoría, además permite a las teóricas el uso de la experiencia clínica como un lugar para comenzar.
Outlining a Model of Care Based on a Systematic Analysis of the Daily Activities of Nurses at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Luzia Leite Joséte , De Carvalho-Dantas Fernanda , De Carvalho-Dantas Claudia , Lorenzini-Erdmann Alacoque , Soares de Lima Suzinara Beatriz , De Oliveira-Barros Priscila ,   Universidad Federal del Estado de Río de Janeiro
Published: July 2014

Esta investigación deriva del proyecto titulado “El análisis sistemático del cuidado a las personas con VIH / SIDA: la construcción de un modelo nacional”, apoyado por el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico. Este proyecto integra el Núcleo de investigación "Gestión en salud y práctica profesional de la enfermería" del Departamento de Metodología de la Escuela de Enfermería Anna Nery de la Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, en la línea de investigación "Modelos asistenciales, conocimientos y paradigmas". Esta es una investigación cualitativa del tipo descriptivo-exploratorio que tiene como objetivos analizar las formas de cuidado prestado a los pacientes seropositivos para el VIH a partir de declaraciones de algunos enfermeros, y proponer un modelo de cuidado basado en la información obtenida. Los datos fueron recolectados después de la autorización del Comité de Ética con respecto al protocolo 10/2006. Se concluye que la construcción de un modelo de cuidado para los pacientes con el VIH se construye a partir del cuidado como competencia / actualización del profesional enfermero, en el conocimiento acerca de los progresos y las implicaciones de la patología / SIDA, y en las condiciones del ser humano / paciente con VIH. Se comprende que el modelo indica al enfermero la importancia de la competencia técnico-científica y política, y la postura ética crítica-reflexiva acerca de las intervenciones del cuidado al paciente con el VIH.
Coping with a Serious Illness
Authors: Beltrán-Salazar Óscar Alberto ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: describir el significado de la experiencia de estar gravemente enfermo y hospitalizado en una Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo. Metodología: investigación cualitativa basada en la teoría fundada, realizada en Medellín, Colombia, de abril a octubre de 2006; incluyó a nueve personas adultas entre 24 y 80 años que estuvieron críticamente enfermas y hospitalizadas en UCI. La entrevista en profundidad se utilizó para la recolección de información. Los datos se analizaron según el esquema propuesto por Cohen, Kahan y Steeves. Resultados: poner de su parte es necesario para afrontar una enfermedad y hace referencia a los medios personales y externos que los participantes utilizaron para aceptar y adaptarse a la enfermedad y atenuar su condición amenazante. Discusión: vivir la experiencia de padecer una enfermedad grave significó que los participantes se valieran de recursos personales internos disponibles y de algunas formas de apoyo social como la familia, la religión, los enfermeros, los amigos y conocidos e incluso de personas desconocidas. Conclusión: los recursos personales y sociales ayudan a los pacientes a afrontar las emociones que despierta una situación que no pueden resolver por sí mismos como es el padecimiento de una enfermedad grave.
Field Work: Key to Qualitative Research
Authors: Soto-Lesmes Virginia Inés , Durán de Villalobos María Mercedes ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: destacar la experiencia de la inserción al campo no sólo como la forma de recolectar información y determinar la calidad de los datos en que se basan los hallazgos, análisis y conclusiones, sino, también como elemento integrador del proceso de investigación que permita realizar una lectura de la realidad más específica. Método: a través de la investigación Experiencias de las adolescentes embarazadas en la localidad de Kennedy en la ciudad de Bogotá. Deseando el embarazo pero no tan pronto, se describen el estudio cualitativo y los antecedentes de la investigación, y se presentan las fases propias de la inserción. Conclusión: como método, la inserción al campo trasciende el acceso al dato; exige una acción dialéctica entre la teoría y la práctica, ya que el trabajo de campo requiere una formación teórico-metodológica y, al mismo tiempo, se sustenta en diversas técnicas y herramientas para la investigación.
Suffering of Psychic Training Nursing Unit Hospital
Authors: Silva de Paula Glaudston , Fontes-Reis Julia , Da Conceição-Dias Luciana , Damásio-Dutra Virgínia Faria , De Souza-Braga André Luiz , Antunes-Cortez Elaine ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense
Published: July 2014

El personal de enfermería a menudo no es consciente de los problemas de salud a que está expuesto. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar las condiciones laborales en los centros hospitalarios que llevan al profesional de enfermería a sufrir enfermedades psíquicas, para que a partir de ahí, puedan surgir estrategias de cambio para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y, en consecuencia mejorar la salud física y mental del profesional. Este estudio es descriptivo explicativo exploratorio, con un enfoque de cualicuantitativo, realizado a través de la investigación de campo en el hospital y la maternidad Luiz Palmier, donde se ha entrevistado técnicos de enfermería, enfermeros del sector hospitalário , a través de un cuestionario con cuestiones abiertas y cerradas. En el análisis de datos, los resultados mostraron que el profesional afectado está satisfecho, realizado con una relación interpersonal satisfactoria con el liderazgo. El resultado, a pesar de los puntos de satisfacción, apunta que la visión profesional técnica mediante su superior es inadecuada. A pesar de los resultados, de la visión distorsionada, forjada por la falta de conceptos tales como la gestión y liderazgo, los profesionales trabajan con el espíritu de enfermería: el cuidado.
The “Duhhh Factor”
Authors: Gibney Katherine H. , Peper Erik
Published: July 2014

Patients can learn self-regulation skills and biofeedback-assisted relaxation in the office, yet fail to show symptomatic improvement. In many cases, the individual is perpetuating behavior in the workplace or elsewhere that hinders healing and symptom reduction, or exacerbates their complaints. A brief case example of a 25-year-old male with repetitive motion injury from computer use serves to illustrate the problem. The biofeedback practitioners used cognitive reframing and humor to assist the patient to accept work and “workstyle” changes facilitating symptom reduction.
“Wise as serpents and harmless as doves”: The Contributions of the Female Prison Association of Friends in Philadelphia, 1823–1870
Authors: Scheffler Judith
Published: July 2014

In 1823 a group of Orthodox Quaker women in Philadelphia formed the Female Prison Association of Friends in Philadelphia, a female auxiliary of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons (later known as the Pennsylvania Prison Society). For approximately the next fifty years they engaged in organized prison visiting in Philadelphia at Arch Street and Moyamensing prisons and the Eastern State Penitentiary. As visitors they became subtle, understated allies in the operation of the Pennsylvania System of separate confinement with labor. Their work was reformist in nature, in that they pressed for practical measures they deemed significant to improve the condition of female inmates: the institution of matrons and the founding of the Howard Institution, a sort of halfway house for released prisoners. Their main goal, however, was spiritual, and the salvation they sought was their own as well as that of the imprisoned women they aided. As a Quaker women's group that worked quietly in the background during a period usually associated with the more public work of activist Hicksite Quaker women, they were barely officially recognized by the male society in their own day and are almost entirely unknown today. Their story suggests that the spiritual motivation of some nineteenth-century women may be a significant but little-noted force behind their contributions to the history of social reform.
Common Confounders of Dietary Elimination Trials Contain the Antigens Soy, Pork, and Beef
Authors: Parr Jacqueline M. , Remillard Rebecca L.
Published: July 2014

Nutritionists and dermatologists recommend avoiding flavored over-the-counter (OTC) products and medications during dietary elimination trials because those products are thought to contain common proteins that may confound the trial. The objective of this study was to determine if there are soy, pork, and beef antigens in flavored OTC products and medications and, if so, could those antigens be identified. Seven products, three OTC products and four veterinary therapeutics, were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the presence of soy, pork, and beef antigens, in addition to positive and negative controls. All OTC test products produced ELISA results in agreement with their ingredient lists. ELISA testing of veterinary therapeutic products did not agree with either their ingredient lists or product inserts because of other ingredients not listed. Veterinarians should contact manufacturers of oral therapeutics prior to prescribing them to determine other ingredients. Likewise, manufacturers should be contacted regarding “natural and artificial flavors.” Lastly, gelatin capsules may contain either beef or pork proteins and should not be administered during a trial. In conclusion, flavored medications contain the common antigens soy, pork, and beef although they may or may not be listed on the ingredient list or product insert.
Considerações sobre alguns obstáculos à interdisciplinaridade na Pós-Graduação
Authors: HEEMANN Ademar
Published: July 2014

Este texto trata do discurso da integração de conhecimentos e da multiplicidade de enfoques nos cursos interdisciplinares de meio ambiente, fazendo incursões pelos conceitos de redução, holismo, complementaridade e incomensurabilidade, além de tecer considerações sobre os obstáculos criados pelo protocolo acadêmico estruturado na multidisciplinaridade. Considerations on hurdles to interdisciplinarity in Graduate Programs Abstract This text is about the discourse on knowledge integration and the multiple focuses put on interdisciplinary courses about the environment, going into the concept of reduction, holism, complementarity, and incommensurability, in addition to contemplating the hurdles created by academic protocol, structured as it is on multi-disciplinarity.
Educação ambiental: origens, reformulações e avanços no ensino e na pesquisa da pós-graduação  o caso do Doutorado MADE-UFPR
Authors: KNECHTEL Maria do Rosário
Published: July 2014

Este artigo tem por objetivo trazer uma abordagem sobre aspectos das origens e avanços da Educação Ambiental no contexto do Curso de Doutorado em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento da UFPR. Buscamos expor as primeiras idéias que geraram outras e permitiram construir o Programa Interdisciplinar do Doutorado, o projeto, o plano de ensino com as primeiras ementas, os conteúdos socioambientais e da educação trabalhados no ensino e na pesquisa do referido curso. A epistemologia da EA privilegiou a construção de conhecimentos, no momento em que o mundo, o meio ambiente e a educação oscilam entre a modernidade e a pós-modernidade. Infere-se que a EA apresenta uma produção de conhecimento emergente e que a ciência, frente às novas tendências, trata das complexidades do mundo e das complexidades ambientais interdisciplinarmente. Environmental education: origins, reformulations and advances in graduate-level teaching and research − the Ph.D case MADE-UFPR Abstract This article aims at approaching some aspects of the origins and advances made in environmental education within the context of a doctoral program about the environment and development, at UFPR (Federal University of Paraná). We tried to present the initial ideas that, having led to others, allowed us to set up the doctoral programs interdisciplinary content, the project, the teaching plan with its first adjustments, the socio-environmental and educational contents developed for teaching and carrying out research. The epistemology of environmental education privileged the construction of knowledge at a time when the world, the environment, and education are swinging between modernity and post-modernity. It is inferred that environmental education presents an emerging production of knowledge and that science, facing the new trends, addresses the complexities of the world and the environmental complexities in an interdisciplinary way.
Urbanisation et environnement: la ville du present et du futur
Authors: TSIOMIS Yannis
Published: July 2014

Abordagem interdisciplinar da cidade na perspectiva do urbanismo, da arquitetura e dos arquitetos. Novos conceitos e noções para o tratamento da cidade considerando a dimensão ambiental. Relação entre desenvolvimento urbano e meio ambiente. Urbanismo, projeto urbano e desenvolvimento sustentável. Urbanization and the environment: the city of the present and of the future Abstract Interdisciplinary approach of the city under the urbanism, architecture, and architects perspective. New concepts and notions for treating the city, considering the environmental dimension. Relationship between urban development and the environment. Urbanism, urban project, and sustainable development.
Cidade e políticas locais compensatórias
Authors: VICENTINI Yara
Published: July 2014

A deficiência das políticas sociais tradicionais e dos investimentos públicos consolidou uma crescente pobreza da população na América Latina, trazendo ao debate o âmbito universalista ou seletivo das políticas urbanas sociais. Se, de um lado, as formas de seguridade social de cunho universalista estão mundialmente em crise, de outro, os programas de assistência social, dirigidos aos pobres, não são novidades. O que se configura como novo é o vínculo das estratégias orientadas a grupos-meta como expressão política das gestões urbanas. Às cidades, palco do embate social, cabe construir um nível de integração sócio-cultural e crescimento dos indicadores mínimos de qualidade e de distribuição de renda na América Latina, cujo modelo de crescimento e expansão contemporâneo coloca-se em um patamar diferenciado das cidades capitais européias, que com suas reformas urbanas contemporâneas conceituam as cidades como bem estratégico, promovendo intervenções urbanas pontuais, que alicercem formas de concentração de renda em níveis de consumo mais sofisticados ou de serviços pós-industriais. Discutese, como exemplo paradigmático no Brasil, a cidade de Curitiba que assimila o contexto das simulações urbanas em cidades mundiais sem ser, ela mesma, uma cidade mundial. The city and local compensatory local policies Abstract Deficiency in traditional social policies and public investments has consolidated the increasing poverty of Latin American populations, bringing to the debate the universal or selective contexts of urban social policies. If on one hand, general social security systems are in crises all over the world, on the other hand, social assistance programs aimed at the poor are nothing new. What is new is the connection of strategies targeting meta-groups as a political expression of urban management. It is up to the cities, as stages of social struggle, to build a level of socio-cultural integration and the growth of basic quality indicators and income distribution in Latin America. Their contemporary growth and expansion model is on a different level in comparison to European capital cities which, with their contemporary urban reforms, develop a concept of city as a strategic asset, promoting localized urban interventions that support ways of income concentration in more sophisticated consumption levels or post-industrial services. This paper discusses Curitiba as a paradigmatic example in Brazil, a city that assimilates urban simulations from other cities of the world, without being a city of the world itself.
Das dinâmicas naturais aos usos e conflitos: uma reflexão sobre a evolução epistemológica da linha do costeiro
Authors: ANDRIGUETTO FILHO José Milton
Published: July 2014

Este artigo discute a pertinência de uma linha específica de pesquisa sobre usos e conflitos nos ambientes costeiros, já que as linhas que abordam os recortes tradicionais do urbano e do rural poderiam potencialmente dar conta da pesquisa interdisciplinar na zona costeira. Apresentam-se as razões acadêmicas para o surgimento da linha, e argumenta-se pela sua especificidade como recorte de análise territorial. A complexidade e a novidade, como objeto científico, de alguns dos fenômenos da zona costeira não permitem considerá-los como casos particulares da problemática urbana e rural convencionais. A partir de exemplos tomados da mesa redonda sobre o tema, defende-se o conflito como categoria para organizar a pesquisa interdisciplinar costeira. A pesquisa dos conflitos invoca a totalidade das dinâmicas naturais e sociais necessárias a seu equacionamento, com a vantagem de permitir uma aplicação mais direta das descobertas ao processo de gestão. From natural dynamics to uses and conflicts: a reflection on the epistemologic evolution of the coastal Abstract This article discusses the pertinence of a specific line of research about the uses of and conflicts in coastal environments, since research lines dealing with traditional urban and rural cuts could have the necessary potential to accomplish interdisciplinary research about coastal areas. Academic reasons for the creation of the line, as well as arguments in favor of its specificity as a territorial analysis cut, are presented here. The complexity and the novelty of some coastal area phenomena, as scientific objects, dont allow us to see them as particular cases of the conventional urban and rural issue. Based on examples taken from a round table on the theme, conflict is championed as a category capable of organizing coastal interdisciplinary research. The research about conflicts invokes all the natural and social dynamics necessary for its equation, with the advantage of allowing for more direct application of discoveries to the management process.
Desafios para a pesquisa sobre as dimensões humanas das mudanças ambientais globais: um olhar latino-americano
Authors: Martins Rafael D'Almeida , Ferreira Leila Da Costa
Published: July 2014

Os estudos ambientais desenvolveram-se lentamente no interior das ciências sociais latino-americanas. Contudo, as duas últimas décadas foram marcadas por uma expressiva expansão da pesquisa e do ensino da temática ambiental na região. Nesse sentido, os prováveis impactos das mudanças ambientais globais penetraram rapidamente os debates contemporâneos sobre ambiente e sociedade, primeiramente nos países industrializados e, posteriormente, no mundo em desenvolvimento, incluindo a América Latina. Este artigo busca contribuir para essa discussão fornecendo uma reflexão sobre o estado da arte e os desafios para o desenvolvimento e para a consolidação da pesquisa sobre as dimensões humanas das mudanças ambientais globais na América Latina. Por meio de uma investigação sobre a produção científica da região, que incluiu a sistematização e a compilação de um banco de dados, buscou-se entender a produção intelectual e o desenvolvimento deste campo em países latino-americanos a partir de análises de autores como D. J. Hogan e L. C. Ferreira. Argumenta-se que, embora seja possível identificar uma literatura emergente na região, o envolvimento das ciências sociais latino-americanas ainda é tímido e tentativo.
Ecodesenvolvimento, desenvolvimento sustentável e economia ecológica: em que sentido representam alternativas ao paradigma de desenvolvimento tradicional?
Authors: Fernandez Brena Paula Magno
Published: July 2014

As razões pelas quais um determinado paradigma é escolhido em detrimento de outro não são apenas teóricas, mas também epistemológicas. Esse amálgama teórico-epistemológico, por sua vez, favorece um determinado tipo de propostas de desenvolvimento econômico. A economia neoclássica está estreitamente vinculada ao positivismo – lógico – (enquanto perspectiva epistemológica) e favorece a concepção de que o crescimento econômico virtualmente ilimitado seria condição necessária para o desenvolvimento econômico. A confiança de que o crescimento econômico medido em termos do aumento do PIB (per capita) seja uma boa medida de desenvolvimento reflete e exemplifica o domínio do mainstream em Economia em todos os três níveis: epistemológico/metodológico, teórico e pragmático/político. Quando confrontado com a necessidade de um Desenvolvimento Sustentável, por exemplo, ou com a persistência (ou mesmo o acirramento) do abismo econômico entre Norte e Sul, os limites do paradigma dominante se acentuam. Neste artigo, argumentamos que, a fim de suplantar este estado de coisas, as alternativas ao mainstream devem ser discutidas e articuladas em todos os três níveis supramencionados e que esse objetivo vem sendo perseguido pela proposta do Ecodesenvolvimento/Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
Ecologia política: onde está a ecologia?
Authors: Walker Peter W.
Published: July 2014

RESUMOEnquanto a ecologia política avançou, sua coerência como campo de estudo e suas contribuições intelectuais centrais permanecem tema de debates por vezes controversos. Uma das questões recorrentes e não resolvidas tem sido a seguinte: ‘Onde está a ecologia na ecologia política?’. Na verdade, a controvérsia surgiu sobre se, de fato, o campo havia se tornado ‘política sem ecologia’ (BASSETT e ZIMMERER, 2004: 103). Este breve artigo examina essa questão e argumenta que, apesar das afirmações dos críticos, há uma grande quantidade de pesquisas na ecologia política que se ocupa da ecologia biofísica como uma preocupação central.
Cotidianidad y significación: aproximaciones al tema de la memoria desde el pensamiento de Humberto Giannini
Authors: Muñoz Nelson Vergara
Published: July 2014

O trabalho apresenta uma resenha dos conceitos fundamentais da Teoria da Vida Cotidiana do filósofo chileno Humberto Giannini, a fim de esclarecê-la, partindo das noções-chave de temporalidade, o tempo das feiras e o tempo festivo, desde as quais se pode reconhecer uma função vital da memória. O principal objetivo é contribuir, teórica e metodologicamente, para o resgate da memória coletiva de grupos sociais inseridos em sua cotidianidade, na vida cultural e natural. Concebemos como primordiais e essenciais, desde a pesquisa que nos serve de base, a vida cotidiana, o ambiente natural e sócio-histórico, nos quais se desenvolvem a existência humana e assumimos sua interpretação desde uma perspectiva filosófica. Nesse contexto, pensamos a memória como uma construção sócio-histórica e avaliamos sua função como recriadora de mundos vividos ou sonhados, mais do que uma reprodução natural de acontecimentos. Em tal situação, o componente imaginário se mostra com toda a evidência. Por isso, a importância da narrativa como fator essencial de todo processo de rememorização, recolhida pelos relatos sagrados e profanos que expressam o devir dos tempos, em todos os lugares e línguas, em toda cultura e todo ambiente. Para fundamentar estas teses, o trabalho apresenta uma caracterização dos elementos básicos de toda cotidianidade, continua com a reflexão sobre o tempo e suas narrativas, para fundamentar a emergência histórica da memoria, e culmina com reflexões fundamentais sobre os tempos de trabalho, os tempos festivos e o papel da memória nessas temporalidades; essas abordagens informam sobre os caracteres sócio-histórico, cultural e ambiental dos processos de rememorização e, eventualmente, de esquecimento.
Planejamento urbano-ambiental na cidade de Belém (PA): reflexões sobre o PROMABEN
Authors: Araújo Júnior Antônio Carlos Ribeiro
Published: July 2014

No âmbito das discussões sobre intervenções antropogenéticas na paisagem e os riscos a elas associados, o presente trabalho busca ser uma contribuição para os estudos que envolvam a relação sociedade-natureza visando realizar uma análise da dinâmica morfogenética na bacia hidrográfica da Estrada Nova (BHEN), porção sul da cidade de Belém - PA. Para tanto, tem-se por objetivo analisar as ações empreendidas pelo poder público municipal no âmbito das inundações e alagamentos na área de abrangência do Programa de Recuperação Urbano-Ambiental da Bacia da Estrada Nova (PROMABEN), por meio de análise documental do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e do Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA) do ano de 2007, dos anais do Arquivo Público do Estado do Pará, observações sistemáticas em campo e revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas estudados, tendo por base o enfoque sistêmico.
Águas Maravilhosas (Macaé, RJ): do rio ao lixão na memória de uma catadora de lixo
Authors: Costa Rafael Nogueira , Leal Giuliana Franco , Pereira Celso Sánchez
Published: July 2014

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo histórico da descaracterização de um rio e sua transformação em depósito de lixo a partir da memória, narrativas e percepções de uma ex-catadora sobre as mudanças ambientais ocorridas no local. Pretende-se, ainda, descrever alguns aspectos do município de Macaé (RJ), o cotidiano dos catadores, assim como o processo de ativação e desativação deste depósito. O estudo foi feito a partir da exibição de filme e de entrevistas exploratórias a respeito da história e da vida no lixão, realizadas com a ex-catadora, que nos revela seu ponto de vista, sui generis, construído a partir da sua condição e de suas percepções acerca das mudanças ambientais experimentadas pela informante. Espera-se que o resgate histórico da descaracterização de um ambiente, com relevâncias ambientais, históricas e sociais, relatado por uma pessoa que viu e vivenciou todas as etapas desta ausência de planejamentos e estudos técnicos, possa contribuir para futuras intervenções neste local.
Avaliação legal, ambiental e econômica da implantação de sistema próprio de tratamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde para geração de energia em hospital-escola do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Novi Juliana Chiaretti , Oliveira Sonia Valle Walter Borges de , Salgado Junior Alexandre Pereira , Bonacim Carlos Alberto Grespan , Oliveira Marcio Mattos Borges de
Published: July 2014

O setor hospitalar é potencial gerador dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) e apresenta alto consumo de energia devido ao seu período de funcionamento e equipamentos que necessitam de infraestrutura adequada. Este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade legal, ambiental e econômico-financeira para implantar sistema próprio de tratamento de RSS com geração de energia em hospital de grande porte no interior do Estado de São Paulo. O hospital gera cerca de 1,9 t/dia de RSS. O tratamento por incineração com gaseificação e combustão combinadas (GCC) foi o que melhor se adequou à proposta, com base em compilação bibliográfica, entrevistas com pesquisadores nas áreas da saúde e engenharia, órgãos técnicos e fabricantes dos equipamentos. Os resultados revelaram que a proposta está sob a égide da lei, contemplando, inclusive, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, mas com responsabilidade contínua sobre sua utilização, a fim de se evitar danos ambientais. Para a avaliação econômico-financeira, a metodologia empregada foi a de custo-efetividade. Além do licenciamento ambiental, a proposta deve se submeter a questões políticas e à opinião pública para sua aceitação.