bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Needs Index with Def Index in Measuring Dental Caries Among 2–6-Year-Old Schoolchildren
Authors: Vemagiri Charan Teja , Uloopi K. S. , Chandrappa Vinay , Ch Anusha , Pavitra J , Chowdary Brahmanna P
Published: August 2021

Background:

Decayed, missing, and filled teeth and def indices are the preferred choices for dental caries quantification. Lacunae in earlier caries indices led to Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Needs Index (CAST) development. CAST index measures caries experience of a single tooth and overall dentition in a hierarchical level of caries severity.

Aim:

This study aimed to compare CAST and def indices in measuring dental caries among 3–6-year-old school children in and around Bhimavaram town, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Material and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. A single examiner conducted survey among 898 3–6-year-old school children at randomly selected schools. Caries experience was recorded in a structured pro forma using CAST and def indices. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. Inter- and intragroup comparisons were made by Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U–tests, respectively. Correlation between def and CAST indices was explored by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results:

Caries prevalence with CAST index (45.7%) was marginally higher compared with def index (44.7%). No statistically significant difference was found between mean deft scores measured with CAST and def index (P = 0.87). High statistically significant difference in mean def scores with def index and def component of CAST index for 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year age groups was observed (P < 0.001). A strong correlation in measuring dental caries (P < 0.001) and similar percentage of agreement for application (98.5%) was observed between both the indices.

Conclusion:

No statistically significant difference was found in measuring caries experience indicating the similarity between CAST and def indices in quantifying dental caries. CAST index provides more detailed information of caries prevalence, experience, and severity compared with def index.
Concordance between Libyan Child and Parent Self-Reports of Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Mansur Eman K. M. , Thomson William Murray , Buzaribah Khadeejah S. H. , Elsheibani Sukaina B.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Measuring oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a person-centered approach to investigating oral health. Proxy reports by parents or caregivers were used for assessing children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for decades. Using appropriate questionnaire techniques, it has become possible to get valid and reliable information from children about 8 years of age.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to investigate the OHRQoL of 8–10-year-old Libyan schoolchildren from viewpoints of both the children and their parents, in order to evaluate the concordance between child and parent ratings.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 303 8–10-year-old Libyan schoolchildren. Data were collected using Arabic versions of the Child Perception Questionnaire for 8–10-year-old children (CPQ8–10) and the Parent-caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ8). Participants were examined for both traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and dental caries. Questions about the mother's and father's educational levels and current occupations were also asked, along with information on the child's age and sex. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). The alpha value was 0.05.

Results:

The mean CPQ8–10 score was 3.5 ± 4.2 (range: 0–18) overall, and those who had had caries experience or a TDI had higher CPQ8–10 scores, on average. The mean P-CPQ8 score was 7.5 ± 5.4 (range 0–27), and there were no apparent differences by parental education or employment status. The association between child and parental ratings of the children's OHRQoL was weak. The parents overestimated OHRQoL relative to their children's self-assessments.

Conclusions:

There is relatively low agreement between Libyan children and parents in their responses to OHRQoL scales, particularly in cases where that impact is greater. Where possible, if the aim is to obtain a more complete picture of the impact of a child's oral state on his/her life, both child and parental reports should be used.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dental Practitioners in Nellore City
Authors: Gangaraju Beulah Amulyavathi , Kumar R. V. S. Krishna , Reddy V. Chandrasekhara , Prasanth P. Symon , Reddy V. Prathyusha
Published: August 2021

Background:

Literature reviews over the world have shown a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental practitioners. As a result, they commonly experience musculoskeletal pain during the course of their careers and often have to limit or even abandon their professional activities. This has a negative impact on their finance and even on their healthy life.

Purpose:

The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of MSDs among dental practitioners in Nellore city of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the Standard Nordic Questionnaire for MSDs. All the dental practitioners in Nellore city who were registered in the state dental council and are members of Indian Dental Association were included in the study.

Results:

Neck pain (57.5%) is the most prevalent MSD followed by lower back pain, and wrists and upper back trouble. Elbow pain, lower back, knee, and foot/ankle trouble were more common among males than females and this difference was found to be statistically significant. Neck-related MSDs have shown more amount of reduction in working hours (17.0%) and leisure activity (9.4%) and more doctor consultations (11.3%).

Conclusion:

High prevalence of MSDs exists among the dental practitioners. There is a need for the integration of ergonomic awareness and health promotion with the professional practice for dentists.
Perceived Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies Adopted by Final Year Under Graduate Students at Dental Teaching Institutes in Gujarat – A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Ujariya Urvashi M. , Kothari Anjali K. , Bharatiya Rajendra P. , Patel Ami R.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Dental schools are known to be highly demanding and stressful learning environments. The identification of the potential sources of stress is important in dental education programs to take various measures for preventing stress in the dental school environment.

Aim:

To assess stress perception and coping strategies adopted by final year undergraduates at dental teaching institutes in Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among final year students of dental institutions of Gujarat. The validated and translated questionnaire comprised the modified version of the dental environmental stress scale. A four-point Likert scale was used to record the responses from the participants. The participants were asked to fill a self-administered questionnaire about coping strategies. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results:

Responses were received from 560 students. Out of 27 items, 22 items were reported to be stressful by more than 75% of the students. Six items were reported to be stressful by 100% of the students. Seven items were reported to be highly stressful among 27 items. Focus in problem, detachment, focus on positive, tension reduction, and keeping to self were the only significant predictors for total stress level.

Conclusions:

A contemporary dental school should address potential stress sources effectively. Strategies for stress management must be incorporated and evaluated on a timely basis in dental education to ensure the educational and professional well-being of dental undergraduates.
Landscape of Dental Trials Registered in Clinical Trials Registry-India
Authors: Juneja Atul , Gupta Jyotsna , Yadav Neha , Adhikari Tulsi , Moulik Mohua , Sharma Saurabh , Panchal Yashmin , Rao Mendu Vishnu Vardhana
Published: August 2021

Background:

Evidence-based practice requires clinical trials to be conducted including dental research. In India, if any clinical trial is to be conducted, it is expected to be registered with the Clinical Trials Registry–India (CTRI) as mandated by regulatory bodies, ethics committees, and journal editors.

Aims and Objective:

The present study has been undertaken to assess the type and trends of dental clinical trials being registered with CTRI over a span of 9 years.

Methodology:

For this, dental/dentistry trials were extracted using the keyword “dentistry” from the Study Type section of the CTRI (http://www.ctri.nic.in).

Results:

The dental trials registration started from just 8 trials in the year 2011 and it has now reached to 400–500 trials from various dentistry disciplines per year. While the registration trends reflect an increase in the number of dental trials registered in CTRI over the years, the number of trials being submitted is low.

Conclusion:

This indicates the need for greater awareness and dissemination at the grassroots level including students and researchers. There is no dearth of dental research and academic institutions in India and the combined efforts of all stakeholders will not only enhance the dental trials registration numbers but also improve the standard of dental research in the country.
Metabolic Acidosis in Multi Drug Poisoning with Antidepressants and Antipsychotics
Authors: Eizadi-Mood Nastaran , Dehghanzad Saba , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad , Farajzadegan Ziba
Published: August 2021

Objective:

In this study, we evaluated the predictive factors for the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in patients with multi-drug poisoning, including antidepressants (Ad)/antipsychotics (Ap).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out in the referral poisoning center, Khorshid University Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. All patients with multi-drug ingestion, including Ad/Ap, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with and without metabolic acidosis. Demographic factors, time from ingestion to admission, clinical manifestations, length of hospital stay, and outcome were compared in two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of metabolic acidosis occurrence.

Findings:

Among the 206 evaluated patients, 45 patients (21.8%) had metabolic acidosis whom the majority were female (73.3%) with intentional purposes (77.8%). 31.1% of the patients with metabolic acidosis had tachycardia on admission (P = 0.03). Among all variables, time from ingestion to admission (P = 0.02) and lengths of hospital stay (P = 0.002) were significantly different between patients with and without metabolic acidosis. Tachycardia on admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–4.76; P = 0.036) and time from ingestion to admission (adjusted OR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.13; P = 0.04) were also the predictive factors in occurrence of metabolic acidosis. Most of the patients survived without any complications (94.6%), of whom 72.3% had no previous underlying somatic diseases (P = 0.05).

Conclusion:

Admission tachycardia and the time elapsed from ingestion to admission may be considered important factors for predicting metabolic acidosis in multi-drug poisoning, including Ad/Ap.
Consumer's Satisfaction with Community Pharmacies in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Kim Yun Jin , Aslam Muhammad Shahzad , Fahim Syed Muhammad , Khan Waris Ali , Qian Linchao
Published: August 2021

Objective:

The present research is the first comprehensive cross-sectional study of consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies in Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, the study has also designed a nonorder theoretical model for consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study from a general population of Sindh, Pakistan, with a total of four hundred and fifteen (n = 415) participants. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the factor structure between Pharmaceutical services (PS), the Skill of Pharmacists, Non-pharmaceutical services (NPS), and pricing (P). Pearson correlation analysis, Kendall's tau correlation analysis, and Spearman's rho correlation analysis were used to identify the correlation between different factors, such as PS, SKP, NPS, and P.

Findings:

The 23-item scale that consisted of four elements have shown an acceptable root mean squared error of approximation (0.076), Cronbach's alpha (0.787), and Chi-square value (3.381) (P < 0.001). Of the respondents, 56.4% rated their satisfaction on pharmacist attitude, whereas 67.2%, 41.4%, and 51.8% were satisfied with other services, such as receipt provided on medication they take, prescription drug service and availability of pharmacies on the weekend and public holidays, respectively

Conclusion:

This cross-sectional study confirms that there are relationships among PS, SPK, NPS, and P. Moreover, there is a lack of facilities in community pharmacies in Sindh, such as the unavailability of a consultation room, immunization services, information on routine health matters, and medication record.
Assessing the Performance of Community Pharmacies in Iran by Measuring Responsiveness to Non-Medical Needs
Authors: Afifi Saba , Alizadeh Bahmani Amir Hossein , Zarei Leila , Mahi-Birjand Motahareh , Hoorang Mehdi , Zare Marziyeh , Karimzadeh Iman , Peiravian Farzad , Mirjalili Mahtabalsadat , Peymani Payam
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Despite growing debates about the health systems' nonmedical performance, there has not been any empirical research on nonmedical performance and patients' rights consideration as a driver of human rights in the pharmaceutical sector. This study's main objective was to assess the nonmedical performance of community pharmacies of Shiraz, Iran.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using two self-administrated Likert-based questionnaires based on the World Health Organization (WHO) responsiveness framework and the legal charter communicated by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. The population was patients older than 18 years who took a prescription from community pharmacies located in Shiraz and willing to answer the questions voluntarily, from 2018 to 2019. Considering the weights of subdimensions of responsiveness provided by the WHO framework, the total score of responsiveness was calculated ranging from 0 to 100.

Findings:

The response rate was 80.5%. The mean (standard deviation) overall score of responsiveness was 57.18 (21.61), with a median of 56.71. The mean score of client orientation was lower in respondents with a high education level than those with a diploma and under diploma (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:

Nonmedical pharmacy performance was considered either medium or high in more than half of the cases based on the participants' views. Regarding client, orientation was seen less often in patients with high education level compared to those with a lower education level.
Assessment Methods and Competency Mapping in Pharmacy Education
Authors: Gillani Syed Wasif , Sam Kishore Gnana , Gebreigziabher Fithawit Bahran , Al-Salloum Jumana , Assadi Rizah Anwar , Gulam Shabaz Mohiuddin
Published: August 2021

Centre of advanced pharmaceutical education have developed 15 subsets of competencies required to be competent pharmacist and able to provide optimum care. These competencies were further categorized; Level 1 intermediate, Level 2 efficient, and Level 3 professional. These competencies are cross-mapped to achieve desirable outcomes. Where personal and professional development skills incorporate knowledge, for being a holistic pharmacist. In healthcare education curriculums, active learning tools such as simulation-based patient cases and other innovative learning activities are used to teach clinical skills, patient assessments, and pharmacotherapy concepts. The advance team-based learning technique for the development of stepwise understanding of disease management (simple-complex cases) and students can communicate and collaborate for the critical thinking and decision-making process. Many studies showed the positive impact of the peer teaching on the students; enhanced their academic performance, increase the cognitive congruence, and allows the students to share their own learning struggles to come up with solutions to overcome these challenges. Pharmacy is a healthcare professional required intensive training and professional skills to provide optimum care to patients. The emerging clinical role of pharmacy focused on the patient-centered model, comprehensive assessment, and teaching methods are required to fulfill the professional competencies.
Efficacy of the Combination of Indomethacin and Methocarbamol versus Indomethacin Alone in Patients with Acute Low Back Pain
Authors: Samsamshariat Shiva , Sharifi-Sade Mehdi , Zoofaghari Shafeajafar , Mehr Asieh Maghami , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Objective:

Acute low back pain is a common ailment and causes pain and disability. Physicians often prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat acute low back pain; however, due attention has recently been drawn to muscle relaxants to reduce the severity of patients' daily physical dysfunction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the administration of indomethacin alone compared with methocarbamolas a muscle relaxant and indomethacin as an NSAID on the treatment of acute low back pain.

Methods:

The present double-blind clinical trial was performed on 64 patients with acute low back pain. The patients were categorized into two groups and received the treatments as follows. Indomethacin capsules of 25 mg every 8 h and placebo tablets every 8 h were administered in the first group (Group I). Indomethacin capsules of 25 mg every 8 h and methocarbamol tablets of 500 mg every 8 h were administered in the second group (Group I + M). Patient pain intensity and physical function based on Back Pain Function Scale (BPFS) were recorded before and 1 week after the intervention.

Findings:

The present study results revealed that the mean pain reduction of patients in Group I + M was significantly higher than that of Group I (3.66 ± 3.17 vs. 1.84 ± 1.53; P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean BPFS increase in Group I + M was significantly higher than that of Group I (19.44 ± 8.66 vs. 4.75 ± 4.35; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

According to the results of the present study, concomitant administration of indomethacin and methocarbamol can be more effective in reducing pain intensity and improving the patient's physical function (or performance).
The efficacy and safety of infliximab and calcineurin inhibitors in steroid-refractory UC patients
Authors: Zhao Heng-Nan , Jiang Min , Sun Ming-Jun , Dai Cong
Published: August 2021

Background:

Infliximab (IFX) and calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine [CYS] and tacrolimus [TAC]) were considered as rescue therapy in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The objective of our study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of IFX and calcineurin inhibitors in steroid-refractory UC.

Methods:

We systematically searched the databases from inception to September 2020 that evaluated IFX, CYS, and TAC in steroid-refractory UC. The primary outcome was the response rates, remission rates, mucosal healing rates, and colectomy rates after therapy initiation. The secondary outcomes were the rates of adverse events (AE), serious adverse events (SAE), and mortality. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results:

Nineteen studies comprising 1323 Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) patients were included in the meta-analysis. Among the non-randomized studies, a significantly higher therapeutic response rate was seen with IFX treatment, with a pooled OR of 3.15 (95% CI 2.26–4.40). Among non-randomized studies, IFX was associated with a significantly lower first-year OR (0.46 [95% CI 0.27–0.79]), second-year (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.28–0.97]), third-year (OR 0.43 [95% CI 0.24–0.75]) colectomy rate. But the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) did not suggest any difference between IFX and CYS as rescue therapies for steroid-refractory UC. There were no significant differences among IFX, CYS, and TAC in the rates of AE, SAE, or mortality.

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis suggested a better treatment response rate and lower risk of colectomy in the first, second and third year, with IFX, compared with CYS in steroid-refractory UC patients. There was no significant difference among IFX and calcineurin inhibitors in AE, SAE, and mortality.
Detection of mutations in NOD2/CARD15 gene in Arab patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Siddique Iqbal , Mustafa Abu S. , Khan Islam , Ziyab Ali H. , Altarrah Munira , Sulaiman Riyas , Kadungothayil Numeer , Shaheed Faraz
Published: August 2021

Background:

Mutations in NOD2/CARD15 gene have been linked to an increased risk of Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of this study is to determine NOD2/CARD15 gene mutations, and their association with the risk of CD in Arabs in Kuwait.

Methods:

Four NOD2 gene mutations, including Pro268Ser (SNP5), Arg702Trp (SNP8), Gly908Arg (SNP12), and Leu1007FsinsC (SNP13) were examined in Arab CD patients (n = 103) and control subjects (n = 100). The genomic DNA was isolated and used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with four sets of specific primers. The PCR-amplified DNA fragments were sequenced and analyzed for the NOD2 mutations. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:

Of the four genotyped variants, the Arg702Trp (SNP8) and Leu1007FsinsC (SNP13) variants were not informative in our study sample due to minor allele frequency of <1%. The Pro268Ser (SNP5) mutation was detected in 17 (16.5%) CD patients and 32 (32.0%) controls. The Gly908Arg (SNP12) mutation was observed in 24 (23.3%) patients and 10 (10.0%) controls. In the dominant genetic risk model (i.e. carrying at least one minor allele), CD patients compared to controls were less likely to carry either the “CT” or “TT” genotype of variant Pro268Ser (SNP5; aOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.84). In contrast, CD patients compared to controls were more likely to carry the homozygous for the minor allele or the heterozygous genotypes of variant Gly908Arg (SNP12; aOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.19–5.97).

Conclusions:

In this Arab population, carrying at least one copy of the minor allele of Gly908Arg (SNP12) mutation in NOD2 gene was associated with increased susceptibility to CD, while having the heterozygous or homozygous for the minor allele genotype of the Pro268Ser (SNP5) mutation provided protection against CD. Mutations in Arg702Trp (SNP8) and Leu1007FsinsC (SNP13) were not detected in this sample of the Arab population in Kuwait.
Classification of finite Morse index solutions to the elliptic sine-Gordon equation in the plane
Authors: Liu Yong , Wei Juncheng
Published: August 2021

The elliptic sine-Gordon equation is a semilinear elliptic equation with a special double well potential. It has a family of explicit multiple-end solutions. We show that all finite Morse index solutions belong to this family. It will also be proved that these solutions are nondegenerate, in the sense that the corresponding linearized operators have no nontrivial bounded kernel. Finally, we prove that the Morse index of

2n

-end solutions is equal to

n(n-1)/2

.
Differences and similarities between the upper and lower airway: focusing on innate immunity
Authors: Cho H.-J. , Ha J.G. , Lee S.N. , Kim C.-H. , Wang D.-Y. , Yoon J.-H.
Published: August 2021

The nose is the first respiratory barrier to external pathogens, allergens, pollutants, or cigarette smoke, and vigorous immune responses are triggered when external pathogens come in contact with the nasal epithelium. The mucosal epithelial cells of the nose are essential to the innate immune response against external pathogens and transmit signals that modulate the adaptive immune response. The upper and lower airways share many physiological and immunological features, but there are also numerous differences. It is crucial to understand these differences and their contribution to pathophysiology in order to optimize treatments for inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. This review summarizes important differences in the embryological development, histological features, microbiota, immune responses, and cellular subtypes of mucosal epithelial cells of the nose and lungs.
Подбрасывание квантовой монетки, измерение кубита и обобщенные числа Фибоначчи
Authors: Pashaev Oktai Kamal Ogly
Published: August 2021

Проблема измерений для квантовой монетки Адамара в серии из произвольного числа $n$ измерений с повторяющейся последовательностью состояний в последних измерениях сформулирована в терминах последовательности чисел Фибоначчи для дуплетных состояний, чисел три-боначчи для триплетных состояний и чисел $N$-боначчи для $N$-плетных состояний. Найдены вероятности для произвольного положения повторяющихся состояний, выражающиеся в числах Лукаса и Фибоначчи. Для кубитной монетки общего вида соответствующие выражения являются полиномами Фибоначчи и, в более общем случае, полиномомами $N$-боначчи от кубитных вероятностей. Выведены производящие функции вероятностей, золотое сечение как предел этих вероятностей и энтропия Шеннона для соответствующих состояний. С использованием обобщенного правила Борна и универсальности $n$-кубитного измерительного вентиля задача сформулирована для общих $n$-кубитных состояний; построены проекторы в гильбертовом пространстве этих состояний, ограниченных на дерево Фибоначчи для квантовых состояний. Полученные результаты обобщаются на случаи кутритной и кудитной монеток, описываемых обобщенными последовательностями чисел Фибоначчи и $N$-боначчи.
Об эволюции состояний управляемых кубитов
Authors: Kirillov Andrei Igorevich , Polyachenko Evgenii Valer'evich
Published: August 2021

Описано взаимодействие кубита и электромагнитного поля в волноводе согласно модели Ли с использованием того факта, что фотоны в волноводе являются квантами массивного скалярного нейтрального поля. Исследован случай, когда энергия возбужденного состояния кубита больше массы фотона. Найдено стационарное состояние системы "кубит $+$ электромагнитное поле". Описана эволюция нестационарных состояний при начальных условиях общего вида. Приведены результаты численных расчетов при начальных условиях двух типов: 1) кубит находится в возбужденном состоянии, фотон отсутствует; 2) кубит находится в основном состоянии, фотон присутствует. Исследование относится к последовательно квантовой теории управления кубитами с целью перевода их из одного состояния в другое.
О математических задачах в теории топологических диэлектриков
Authors: Sergeev Armen Glebovich
Published: August 2021

Исследуются топологические диэлектрики, инвариантные относительно обращения времени. Такие системы характеризуются наличием широкой энергетической щели, устойчивой к малым деформациям. Примером может служить квантовый спиновый диэлектрик Холла. Он обладает нетривиальным топологическим $\mathbb Z_2$-инвариантом, введенным Кейном и Милом.
Квадратичные алгебры, построенные по $SL(NM)$ эллиптическим квантовым $R$-матрицам
Authors: Sechin Ivan Andreevich , Zotov Andrei Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

Из динамического $RLL$-соотношения получена квадратичная алгебра для квантовой $R$-матрицы, отвечающей $SL(NM)$-расслоениям над эллиптической кривой с нетривиальным характеристическим классом и обобщающей одновременно эллиптические $R$-матрицы Бакстера-Белавина и Фельдера. Соотношения в этой алгебре обобщают как алгебру Склянина, так и соотношения в эллиптической квантовой группе Фельдера-Тарасова-Варченко и переходят в них в частных случаях $M=1$ и $N=1$ соответственно.
Сигма-модели как модели Гросса-Невe
Authors: Bykov Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

Представлен обзор соответствия между интегрируемыми сигма-моделями с комплексными однородными таргет-пространствами и киральными бозонными (в некоторых случаях смешанными бозонными/фермионными) моделями Гросса-Невe. С математической точки зрения это модели с колчанными фазовыми пространствами, которые в специальных случаях сводятся к стандартным сигма-моделям. Приводится описание геометрии данных моделей, в том числе их тригонометрических и эллиптических деформаций; также рассмотрены вопросы, связанные с уравнениями потока Риччи и с включением фермионов.
Chikungunya Fever in Southern Thailand, 2018
Authors: Nanakorn Natthaphon , Pengsakul Theerakamol , Bunrod Kannika , Thammapalo Suwich , Prikchoo Pathomporn , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: August 2021

Infection by the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes acute febrile illness and debilitating arthralgia. Outbreaks are sometimes not recognized because of its clinical resemblance to the more common dengue fever ubiquitous in tropical countries. An upsurge of dengue-like illness was reported in Satun province located in southern Thailand during the rainy season in 2018. We investigated probable outbreak of CHIKV disease. We collected serum samples from 127 patients and tested for CHIKV infection based on nucleic acid and serological tests. CHIKV RNA amplified by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM antibody against CHIKV were determined by immunochromatographic rapid test. Mosquitoes in the community were also trapped and tested for CHIKV. Conventional RT-PCR on initially positive samples was performed to obtain nucleotide sequences for subsequent phylogenetic analysis. In all, 39% (50/127) of the samples tested positive for CHIKV RNA, IgM, or both. Of these, CHIKV RNA was identified in 17% (21/127) of the samples. Fourteen percent (18/127) of the samples were simultaneously positive for both IgM and IgG, which suggest recent infection. One sample tested positive for both CHIKV IgM and RNA. Several samples from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes were also CHIKV RNA-positive. Sequence analysis revealed that the Satun CHIKV belonged to the Indian Ocean lineage within the East/Central/South African (ECSA) clade with residues K211E and A226 in the E1 gene, and G205S and V264A in the E2 gene. The ECSA strain of CHIKV continues to evolve and possesses virulent potential despite causing prior outbreaks in the region.
O tłumaczeniu literatury fantasy na podstawie włoskiego przekładu cyklu wiedźmińskiego Andrzeja Sapkowskiego
Authors: Amenta Alessandro
Published: August 2021

On the Translation of Fantasy Literature through the Lens of the Italian Version of Andrzej Sapkowski’s The Witcher Series Studies on the specific features of fantasy literature that can influence translation strategies are becoming more and more widespread among scholars, as a consequence of increasing interest in the rendition of cultural items and the legitimation of fantasy literature as a field of research. Focusing on the Italian version of The Witcher series by Andrzej Sapkowski, published in 2010–2016, the article investigates the problems posed by the creation of imaginary worlds and the form of literary cycles as distinctive traits of fantasy literature, as suggested by Guttfeld (2012). The author shows how they can affect cultural and lexical consistency in the translation of anthroponyms, toponyms, units of measurement, culinary terms, and fantastic creatures. Whereas in Polish translations of fantasy texts a foreignizing strategy prevails, due to the domination of anglophone writers and the imbalance of cultural systems, the Italian translation of Sapkowski’s works appears significantly more domesticated.
Flora i fauna kosmiczna Stanisława Lema w przekładzie na język angielski
Authors: Salich Hanna
Published: August 2021

Stanisław Lem’s Space Flora and Fauna Translated into English

The article discusses authorial neologisms coined by Stanislaw Lem and their translation into English on the example of 37 plant and animal names excerpted from the short story entitled Let Us Save the Universe (An Open Letter from Ijon Tichy), which, together with their English equivalents, were subject to comparative analysis. Since these names may create translation problems, the purpose of the analysis was primarily to determine the problem-solving techniques used by the translators, Maria Święcicka-Ziemianek and Joel Stern. Another goal was to make an attempt at explaining their translation choices and to determine the impact of these choices on the way in which the equivalents expressed with neologisms perform their naming function and the function through which they create the narrative world in the target text. Therefore, the article lists the possible causes of translation problems evoked by neologisms and presents the characteristics of the analysed names in terms of translation difficulties they may pose. The analytical material is presented taking into account the relationship between neologisms and their equivalents with the accompanying context and/or illustration. The article provides conclusions on the impact of the techniques used and the elements that determined the final shape of equivalents on the way the naming and creative function of authorial neologisms are reflected in the target text. It also shows the methods of overcoming problems related to translating neologisms into a foreign language.
Edukacja seksualna a przekłady książek dla dzieci i młodzieży – ideologie, specyfika, kontrowersje
Authors: Paprocka Natalia , Wandel Agnieszka
Published: August 2021

Sex Education and Translations of Books for Children and Young People – Ideologies, Characteristics, Controversies

This article discusses sex education books for children and young people published in Poland in 1945–2018. After defining the ideological profile of 111 examined publications as conservative, moderately conservative, neutral, moderately liberal or liberal, the authors compare the whole set of books translated from other languages with the whole set of books by Polish authors, taking into account the date of publication and the age of the intended reader. The analysis shows that translations differ from texts written originally in Polish, because they promote other values. Polish books, especially those published before 1989, are usually neutral or moderately conservative, while translations mostly propagate moderately liberal or liberal ideologies. There is also a close correlation between those ideological categories and the age of the reader: books for the youngest audience are ideologically charged to the smallest degree, and the ideological content increases with the age of the reader. This seems to be related to the growing percentage of translations in the older age groups. Translations, which usually reflect the liberal ideology, fill a gap in Polish culture by complementing or replacing the conservative sexeducation available at school and by encouraging Polish authors to write sex education books expressing similar views.
Wielowymiarowy obraz rosyjskiej konstytucji – refleksje językowe, kulturowe i poznawcze
Authors: Kowalczyk Joanna
Published: August 2021

A Multidimensional Image of the Russian Constitution – Linguistic, Cultural and Cognitive Reflections

This article deals with the transposition of concepts in the process of translating legal texts. The material basis was the original text of the constitution of the Russian Federation and the constitution of Russia, which was translated into Polish. The primary assumption of the analyzes made is the thesis that the constitution is the foundation of the system, norms and principles. The Constitution also sets out the main directions of community development. As the superior document of a social and political nature, it confirms the most important national values and social beliefs. The awareness of the highest rank of this normative act should also be considered as an important factor in the process of translating the constitution into other languages. Depending on the context and depending on the structural and conceptual flexibility of the original text, the transposition of a generalized vision of the community world can be a complex task or a process that does not require a lot of work.

The subject of the article is the relation between the Constitution of the Russian Federation and its Polish language version. The analysis includes the linguistic and non-linguistic reality in which the constitution of Russia is present. The research covered: the current constitution of Russia of December 12, 1993 in the Russian and Polish language versions. The legal act in Polish was made available on the official website of the Biblioteka Sejmowa (biblioteka.sejm.gov.pl). The aim of the review was to identify the possibility of reconceptualizing the Russian legal reality and determining the efficiency of transposing the concepts to the target text. The author wanted to answer the questionwhether the translation text can be treated as a source of knowledge and understanding of cultural and civilizational norms and values, building the state and Russian society. The first part of the study was devoted to general concepts that created the state system. Attention is paid to their functionality in the source and target area. The essence of the image of the world was taken into account. Using the concepts of Родина and Отечествo, has been explained the lexical context of translated lexemes. The second part of the review concerned the reconstruction of the collective memory of the Russian nation. This level focuses on the text of the preamble as a component containing generalized ideas of the political system. The third part was a substantive summary of all findings. This part of the article was based on a comparative study, covering the relation between the text of the constitution and the content and context.
Problemy w nauczaniu i uczeniu się języka angielskiego w klasach I–III szkoły podstawowej w opiniach nauczycieli
Authors: Róg Mirosław Łukasz
Published: August 2021

Problems in Teaching and Learning English in Grades 1–3 of the Primary School in the Opinions of Teachers

The aim of this study was to show problems in teaching and learning English in grades 1–3 of the primary school in the opinions of teachers. The research included 15 teachers working in the Lubelskie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodeships, Poland. The results show that children learning English have the greatest problems with grammar, followed by reading and writing. In the first stage of learning, teachers should focus on pronunciation and speaking. Teachers have the main problems with the choosing of appropriate teaching methods, which is the result of a lack of adequate preparation during studies.
Znaczenie twórczości plastycznej w rozwoju dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym
Authors: Kowalska Dorota
Published: August 2021

The Importance of Artistic Creativity in the Development of a Preschool Child The child of the preschool age develops through experience. He learns from environments that influence the perception of their potentials. Parents and teachers together enable the child to discover the world and themselves. Art education in kindergarten meets many tasks. Thanks to it, the child develops the way of speaking, its speech and develops in emotional terms.
Nauczanie zdalne (e-learning) cechą nowoczesnych technologii w edukacji
Authors: Łangowska-Marcinowska Krystyna
Published: August 2021

Remote Education (e-learning) the Feature of Modern Technologies in Education

The development of internet technologies promotes the popularization of remote teaching. In modern education, it is more and more often used in addition to teaching in a stationary way also teaching children, youth and adults using modern electronic technologies, in using the e-learning method. Each e-teacher conducting a remote job should be aware that the students learning in the e-learning mode are strongly motivated at the time of starting education, but after some time their involvement weakens. It is from the appropriate actions of e-teachers and their support that the motivation of e-learning participants is constant or at a higher level.
Edukacja całożyciowa jako personalny wymiar realizacji osoby ludzkiej
Authors: Ir Ewa
Published: August 2021

Life-long Education as a Personal Dimension of the Realization of a Human Person

The article shows that lifelong education is a personal dimension of the realization of a human person, which results from the fact that a person learns throughout his life, which is inscribed in human nature. Without lifelong education, and thus taking various actions aimed at getting to know the world and oneself, expanding one’s knowledge and competences, it is impossible to become a professional teacher who is to be an authority, a role model, and a specialist in his field for a student.
First-Day of School, First-Day Success
Authors: Szkolak-Stępień Anna
Published: August 2021

Crossing the school threshold, meeting new obligations, requirements and situations is an important moment that changes the lives of children so far. Especially the youngest who, on the one hand, want to go to school very much and, on the other hand, are afraid of it — not knowing their friends, colleagues and teachers.
The article First-Day of School, First-Day Success written on the basis of articles from the American magazine “Scholastic Instructor” presents, how to help you succeed in school.
Obowiązek dostarczania mieszkań na potrzeby osób wojskowych i cywilnych w latach 1919–1925 w świetle ustawodawstwa i orzecznictwa Najwyższego Trybunału Administracyjnego
Authors: Konarski Marcin
Published: August 2021

The Obligation to Provide Housing for Military and Civilian Use between 1919 and 1925 in Light of the Legislation and Judicial Decisions of the Supreme Administrative Tribunal In connection with the dramatic shortage of residential accommodations in the first years of Polish statehood after the regaining of independence in 1918, the way to guarantee their provision for military personnel (officers and married non-commissioned officers) and civilians (state and local government officials) was a statutory obligation to provide them by means of legal administrative coercion. The aim of this article is to analyse issues relating to the requisitioning of flats, and in particular, to analyse the sources of legislation in this area at that time, and judicial decisions of the administrative court with regard to complaints made to this court in cases concerning these requisitions.
O cyfryzacji badań historycznoprawnych. Kilka uwag na marginesie książki Johna B. Nanna i Morrisa L. Cohena pt. The Yale Law School Guide to Research in American Legal History. New Haven–London: Yale University Press, 2018, stron 349
Authors: Korporowicz Łukasz Jan
Published: August 2021

On the Digitization of Historical and Legal Research: A Few Remarks in the Margin of John B. Nann and Morris L. Cohen’s Book The Yale Law School Guide to Research in American Legal History. New Haven–London: Yale University Press, 2018, 349 Pages

The review deals with a recently published book authored by John B. Nann and Morris L. Cohen and titled “The Yale Law School Guide to Research in American Legal History”. The modern, digital inclusive, approach to research in legal history presented by the book’s authors, provides a basis for the further comments gathered in the review. The review aims to convince Polish scholars to create a similar tool for young acolytes of legal history.
Sprawozdanie z konferencji „English Law and Colonial Connections: Histories, Parallels, and Influences”. On-line Conference
Authors: Leraczyk Izabela
Published: August 2021

Report of the “English Law and Colonial Connections: Histories, Parallels, and Influences”. On-line Conference

The: “English Law and Colonial Connections: Histories, Parallels, and Influences conference” was held over the course of two afternoons, on January 26–27, 2020. It was organized by the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Łódź and Northumbria University in Newcastle. The symposium’s goal was to bring together researchers with interests in the history of English law and its influences on other parts of the world, particularly within an imperial context. An additional topic of the conference was the meaning of legacies and continuing influences of the empire and colonial influences of the law back to the Metropole. Nine lectures were delivered over the course of four sessions.
O kulturalizm heterogeniczności kulturowej. Ku antropologicznej klasyfikacji cudzoziemców w Poznaniu
Authors: Filip Mariusz
Published: August 2021

For the Culturalism of Cultural Heterogeneity: Towards the Anthropological Classification of Foreigners in Poznań

This article discusses the premises and outcomes of the ethnographic project “Foreigners in Poznań: Cultural Heterogeneity in Big Cities on the Example of Poznań”, by asking about the place of ethnicity (fundamental for anthropological studies) in the research of cultural heterogeneity. The independent qualitative analysis of empirical material demonstrates that even if generally ethnic identities do not determine directly the identifications of foreigners in Poznań, then the pan- or interethnic identities are a key to understanding how immigrants organise themselves or are organised in groups or categories. An account of cultural heterogeneity through the prism of cultural identities offers a purely anthropological alternative or at least an addendum to socio-economic classification of foreigners implemented within this project.
Znajdź to, czego się (nie)spodziewasz. Pisanie/czytanie dzienników jako poszukiwanie
Authors: Pekaniec Anna
Published: August 2021

Niniejszy szkic skoncentrowany jest na kilku ważnych kwestiach związanych z pisaniem/czytaniem dzienników. Dzienniki traktowane jako codzienna praktyka życiowa, oparta na obligatoryjnej narratywizacji doświadczenia (za Hannah Arendt), zostają tu umieszczone w horyzoncie etycznym wyznaczanym przez idee filozoficzne Paula Ricoeura, Charlesa Taylora oraz propozycje lekturowe Davida Parkera. Teza tego ostatniego o immanentnej etyczności gestu diarysty zostaje skonfrontowana z teoriami autobiograficznymi Philippe’a Lejeune’a, Małgorzaty Czermińskiej i Magdaleny Marszałek. Dodatkowo rozważania zostają uzupełnione o niezbędny komponent genderowy. Narracyjność w diarystyce staje się również punktem wyjścia do zmiany optyki postrzegania dzienników – od hermeneutycznej po konstrukcjonistyczną, odbijające się także na kształcie podmiotu dziennikowych notatek. Discover the (Un)Expected: Writing/Reading Journals as an Act of Exploration The present paper focuses on several significant issues connected with writing/reading journals. The author discusses journals, treated as an everyday practice based on obligatory narrativization of experience (as defined by Hannah Arendt), within the ethical horizon demarcated by the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur and Charles Taylor and the ideas of David Parker. Parker’s argument of immanent ethical nature of journaling is confronted with autobiographical theories developed by Philippe Lejeune, Małgorzata Czermińska, and Magdalena Marszałek. The discussion is supplemented by the indispensable component of gender. The narrative nature of journals becomes a starting point for changing the perspective used in the analysis of journals – from hermeneutic to constructivist, which also finds its reflection in how the subject is shaped in journal entries.