bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Significant Are Marine Invertebrate Collagens? Exploring Trends in Research and Innovation
Authors: Almeida Mariana , Silva Tiago , Solstad Runar Gjerp , Lillebø Ana I. , Calado Ricardo , Vieira Helena
Published: December 2024

This review is focused on the research, innovation and technological breakthroughs on marine invertebrate collagens and their applications. The findings reveal that research dates back to the 1970s, and after a period of reduced activity, interest in collagens from several marine invertebrate groups was renewed around 2008, likely driven by the increased commercial interest in these biomolecules of marine origin. Research and development are predominantly reported from China and Japan, highlighting significant research interest in cnidarians (jellyfish), echinoderms (sea cucumbers, sea urchins and starfish), molluscs (squid and cuttlefish) and sponges. Co-word analysis of the literature highlights applications in regenerative medicine, the properties of hydrolysates, and biology and biochemistry studies. Innovation and the technological landscape, however, focus on fewer taxonomic groups, possibly reflecting the challenge of sustainably sourcing raw materials, with a higher number of patents coming from Asia. Globally, jellyfish collagen is the most prominent marine invertebrate source, while Asia also emphasizes the use of collagens derived from molluscs and sea cucumbers. Europe, despite fewer patents, explores a broader range of taxonomic groups. Globally, key applications registered are mostly in medical, dental and toiletry areas, with peptide preparations spanning multiple animal groups. The food domain is notably relevant for molluscs and sea cucumbers. Market trends show a strong presence of cosmetic and supplement products, aligning with market reports that predict a growing demand for marine collagens in cosmetics and personalized nutrition, particularly in targeted health supplements.
The Effect of Channel Layer Thickness on the Performance of GaN HEMTs for RF Applications
Authors: Yu Qian , Wu Sheng , Zhang Meng , Yang Ling , Zou Xu , Lu Hao , Shi Chunzhou , Gao Wenze , Wu Mei , Hou Bin , Qiu Gang , He Xiaoning , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: December 2024

In this paper, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different thicknesses of unintentional doping GaN (UID-GaN) channels were compared and discussed. In order to discuss the effect of different thicknesses of the UID-GaN layer on iron-doped tails, both AlGaN/GaN HEMTs share the same 200 nm GaN buffer layer with an Fe-doped concentration of 8 × 1017 cm−3. Due to the different thicknesses of the UID-GaN layer, the concentration of Fe trails reaching the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) varies. The breakdown voltage (Vbr) increases with the high concentration of Fe-doped in GaN buffer layer. However, the mobility of the low concentration of the Fe-doped tail is higher than that of the high concentration of the Fe-doped tail. Therefore, the effect of different thicknesses of UID-GaN on the DC and radio frequency (RF) performance of the device needs to be verified. It provides a reference to the epitaxial design for high-performance GaN HEMTs.
AcfA Regulates the Virulence and Cell Envelope Stress Response of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Liu Huan , Lei Huayu , Cao Juanjuan , Xie Zhaobang , Shi Yile , Zhao Yanni
Published: December 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a ubiquitous inhabitant of estuarine and marine environments that causes vibriosis in aquatic animals and food poisoning in humans. Accessory colonizing factor (ACF) is employed by Vibrio to assist in the colonization and invasion of host cells leading to subsequent illnesses. In this work, ΔacfA, an in-frame deletion mutant strain lacking the 4th to the 645th nucleotides of the open reading frame (ORF) of the acfA gene, and the complementary strain acfA+ were constructed to decipher the function of AcfA in V. parahaemolyticus. The deletion of acfA had no effect on bacterial growth but resulted in a significant reduction in biofilm formation, hemolytic activity, mucus adhesion, and the accumulated mortality of zebrafish, compared to the wild-type strain and the complementary strain acfA+. Additionally, AcfA was involved in adapting to stressors, such as H2O2, EDTA, and acid, in V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was conducted to identify global gene transcription alterations resulting from deletion of the acfA gene. A total of 416 differentially expressed genes were identified in the ΔacfA vs. wild-type comparison, with 238 up-regulated genes and 178 down-regulated genes. The expression of genes associated with the type III secretion system, type VI secretion system, and oligopeptide permeases system were significantly reduced, and yet the expression of genes associated with cell envelope biosynthesis and response regulation system were enhanced dramatically in the absence of the acfA gene compared to the wild-type strain. These findings suggest that AcfA may play a role in the overall success of pathogenesis and the cell envelope stress response of V. parahaemolyticus.
Exploring the Photocatalytic Efficiency of Gold Nanoparticles Deposited on Ni-Al-Zr-Layered Double Hydroxides for Selective Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Dib Nihel , Sauvage Frédéric , Quéhon Lucie , Khaldi Khadidja , Bedrane Sumeya , Calvino José Juan , Bachir Redouane , Blanco Ginesa , Pourceau Gwladys
Published: December 2024

Confronting escalating challenges in energy security and environmental sustainability has intensified interest in renewable sources for fuels and chemicals. Among the most promising alternatives, sugars derived from biomass are emerging as a cornerstone in advancing an environmentally sustainable economy. Within this framework, the development of sunlight-driven carbohydrate oxidation is of significant interest, as it enables the production of a broad spectrum of high-value, bio-sourced chemicals through eco-friendly processes. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) immobilized on inorganic supports have demonstrated considerable potential in this area, although the methodology still requires further exploration. In this study, we explored the selective oxidation of glucose into the corresponding gluconic acid salt in presence of a novel Au/Ni-Al-Zr-layered double hydroxide (LDH) photocatalyst under standardized A.M. 1.5 G light illumination. To optimize the photocatalytic conditions, an experimental plan is herein proposed, highlighting the critical influences of both catalyst loading and pH. In optimal conditions, the Au catalyst demonstrated a high efficiency, achieving 87% glucose conversion and 100% selectivity towards gluconic acid in only 90 min. By means of long-pass filters to select the incident light energy to the photocatalytic reactor, we evidenced that the charge transfer processes were occurring from the Ni-Al-Zr LDH support to the gold nanoparticles, thus opening new directions towards further photocatalyst modifications. This work underlines the potential of Au/LDH materials for sunlight-driven photocatalysis and provides a pathway for the sustainable production of high-value chemicals from renewable biomass sources.
Hydrophobization of Chitin Nanofibers by Grafting of Partially 2-Deoxygenated Amyloses Through Enzymatic Approach
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Totani Masayasu , Kadokawa Jun-ichi
Published: December 2024

In recent years, increased attention has been given to the effective use of chitin nanofibers (ChNFs). We have developed a method to fabricate thinner chitin nanomaterials, called scale-down chitin nanofibers (SD-ChNFs), by a bottom-up procedure at the nanoscale level, with subsequent disintegration by electrostatic repulsion. The surface modification of SD-ChNFs is anticipated to provide new properties and functions for their practical applications. Inspired by our previous reports, which found hydrophobicity in partially 2-deoxygenated (P2D-) amylose obtained by the glucan phosphorylase (GP)-catalyzed enzymatic copolymerization of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate/d-glucal as comonomers, this work investigated the hydrophobization of SD-ChNFs via an enzymatic approach. After the modification of maltooligosaccharide primers on SD-ChNFs was performed by a reductive alkylation toward ChNFs, the grafting of the P2D-amyloses was performed by GP-catalyzed enzymatic copolymerization. 1H NMR analysis supported the production of P2D-amylose-grafted SD-ChNFs with different d-glucose/2-deoxy-d-glucose unit ratios on SD-ChNFs. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the products confirmed that the chain lengths and unit ratios of the grafted polysaccharides strongly affected the entire crystalline structures. Water contact angle measurements of the cast films of the products indicated that successful hydrophobization was achieved by the grafting of P2D-amylose chains with a sufficient chain length, a relatively high 2-deoxy-d-glucose unit ratio, and low crystallinity.
Self-Powered Sensing and Wireless Communication Synergic Systems Enabled by Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Huiyun , Liu Zhengfeng , Xie Xinkai , Wu Jun , Shi Qiongfeng
Published: December 2024

With the rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the demand for wireless sensing and communication is increasingly prominent. Tens of thousands of sensing and communication nodes have presented new challenges to distributed energy. As a green energy harvesting technology, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), with its outstanding characteristics of simple configuration, low cost, and high compatibility, demonstrates significant advantages in self-powered sensing systems and great application potential in the fields of human–machine interaction and wearable devices in the IoT era. More importantly, the electric displacement field and modulated electromagnetic waves that TENG triggers have opened a new paradigm for self-powered wireless communication, making up for the disadvantages of power supply by traditional distributed power sources. This review comprehensively discusses the latest scientific and technological progress in wireless communication technology prompted by TENG and further discusses its potential applications in various promising fields. Finally, a summary and outlook of TENG-based self-powered sensing and wireless communication synergic systems are presented, aiming to stimulate future innovation in the field and accelerating the paradigm shift to a fully self-powered IoT era.
Association Between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases
Authors: Fry Jean L. , Anderson Kayla R.
Published: December 2024

Establishing relationships between diet and human health is an active and critical area of research, and this Special Issue, “Association Between Nutrition, Diet Quality, Dietary Patterns, and Human Health and Diseases”, is a collection of research highlighting classic and emerging themes in this area [...]
Health-Promoting and Functional Properties of Fermented Milk Beverages with Probiotic Bacteria in the Prevention of Civilization Diseases
Authors: Stachelska Milena Alicja , Karpiński Piotr , Kruszewski Bartosz
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: There is scattered information in the scientific literature regarding the characterization of probiotic bacteria found in fermented milk beverages and the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on human health. Our objective was to gather the available information on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases, with a special focus on the prevention of obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Methods: We carried out a literature review including the following keywords, either individually or collectively: lactic acid bacteria; probiotic bacteria; obesity; lactose intolerance; diabetes; cancer protection; civilization diseases; intestinal microbiota; intestinal pathogens. Results: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the use of probiotic bacteria in the prevention of civilization diseases. Probiotic bacteria are a set of living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, exert a beneficial effect on the health of the host and allow for the renewal of the correct quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota. Probiotic bacteria favorably modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, inhibit the development of intestinal pathogens, prevent constipation, strengthen the immune system, and reduce symptoms of lactose intolerance. As fermented milk beverages are an excellent source of probiotic bacteria, their regular consumption can be a strong point in the prevention of various types of civilization diseases. Conclusions: The presence of lactic acid bacteria, including probiotic bacteria in fermented milk beverages, reduces the incidence of obesity and diabetes and serves as a tool in the prevention of cancer diseases.
Role of Abscisic Acid in the Whole-Body Regulation of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism
Authors: Spinelli Sonia , Humma Zelle , Magnone Mirko , Zocchi Elena , Sturla Laura
Published: December 2024

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone with a long evolutionary history, dating back to the earliest living organisms, of which modern (ABA-producing) cyanobacteria are likely descendants, which existed long before the separation of the plant and animal kingdoms, with a conserved role as signals regulating cell responses to environmental challenges. In mammals, along with the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective function of ABA, nanomolar ABA regulates the metabolic response to glucose availability by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue via an insulin-independent mechanism and increasing metabolic energy production and also dissipation in brown and white adipocytes. Chronic ABA intake of micrograms per Kg body weight improves blood glucose, lipids, and morphometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index) in borderline subjects for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes the most recent in vitro and in vivo data obtained with nanomolar ABA, the involvement of the receptors LANCL1 and LANCL2 in the hormone’s action, and the importance of mammals’ endowment with two distinct hormones governing the metabolic response to glucose availability. Finally, unresolved issues and future directions for the clinical use of ABA in diabetes are discussed.
Clinical Application of Intraoral Scanners in Dentistry: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lee Yoomee , Ku Hye-Min , Jun Mi-Kyoung
Published: December 2024

Background: The adoption of digital technology in dentistry is rapidly increasing worldwide. Intraoral scanners (IOSs) have been mainly used to create 3D digital dental models but recently attracted attention as an important device for diagnosing oral diseases. This study aimed to review the latest literature related to IOSs, focusing on diagnosing oral diseases and clinical applications in dentistry. Methods: Two independent reviewers conducted a rigorous search using three major scientific databases, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in a narrative review format, focusing on the results of IOS technology on the diagnosis of oral diseases and clinical applications in dentistry. Results: As a result of a total of 50 studies, it was found that IOS technology is primarily used to diagnose major oral diseases and conditions such as tooth wear, dental caries, and dental plaque. Clinically, IOSs contributed to the simplification and time efficiency of dental procedures and increased the accuracy of procedures, thereby showing high patient satisfaction. Conclusions: This review confirms that the IOS is an essential device in digital dentistry, improving diagnostic accuracy and procedure efficiency over traditional methods while also enhancing patient satisfaction in clinical dentistry.
Acetic Acid and Ethyl Acetate as Solvents for Electropolymerization Reactions, Considering 4-Methoxyphenol and Composition of Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Kiss László , Szabó Péter
Published: December 2024

Various organic compounds susceptible to anodic polymerization were selected to study the effects of two solvents: acetic acid and ethyl acetate. Phenol and most of its derivatives, as well as resorcinol and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, exhibited typical electrode deactivation similar to other solvents; however, a continuous decrease in peak currents was not observed for 4-tert-butylphenols or salicylic aldehyde. Similar behavior was noted for monomers unrelated to phenols. In general, peaks were observed only for certain compounds and not in the initial voltammogram. Significant differences between the two solvents were observed in the subsequent voltammetric curves for some monomers. Microelectrode studies using 4-methoxyphenol as a model compound revealed notable differences between acetic acid and ethyl acetate in terms of curve shapes and the onset potentials of the plateaus. Plateau currents were used to estimate the solvent composition, demonstrating relatively high sensitivity to the acetic acid content.
Downregulation of Ezrin Suppresses Migration Potential in Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Hałas-Wiśniewska Marta , Arendt Wioletta , Grzanka Alina , Izdebska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Background: The literature reports that ezrin (EZR) is important as a linker between microfilaments and cellular environments. Moreover, it affects cancer cell migration, but the exact mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of EZR in the migration of two different types of cervical cancer cells—from primary lesion (SiHa) and lymph node metastases (HT-3). In addition, we showed for the first time that a reduced EZR protein level affects the cellular response to the routinely used treatment with cisplatin. Methods: The most important stage of the study consisted of conducting a series of tests enabling the assessment of the migration potential of cervical cancer cells without altered EZR expression and with silenced protein expression. Results: Reducing the EZR level resulted in a decrease in the invasive and migration potential of SiHa and HT-3 cells’ inhibition of colony formation, a decrease in adhesive properties, and a strong reorganization of F-actin with a dominance of cells with a mitotic catastrophe phenotype. A lower level of protein significantly reduces the motor skills of SiHa and HT-3 cervical cancer cells. Conclusions: This significantly affects the assessment of EZR as a potential factor that can limit the development of metastases in targeted cancer therapy of cervical cancer.
Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Incomptine A in Treating Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Associated with U-937 Cells: Bioinformatics Approaches, Part I
Authors: Calzada Fernando , García-Hernández Normand , Bautista Elihú , Sánchez-López José Manuel , Valdes Miguel , Velázquez Claudia , Barbosa Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Background: Incomptine A (IA) has been reported to have cytotoxic activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cancer cell lines and have effects on U-937 cells, including the induction of apoptosis, the production of reactive oxygen species, and the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes. Also, IA has cytotoxic activity in the triple-negative subtypes, HER2+, and luminal A of breast cancer cells, with its properties being associated with an effect on the antiapoptotic function of Hexokinase II (HKII). Objectives: In this research, we reviewed the altered levels of proteins present in the lymph nodes of male Balb/c mice inoculated with U-937 cells and treated with IA or methotrexate, as well as mice only inoculated with cancer cells. Methods: Five approaches, including Tandem Mass Tag (TMT), Gene ontology (GO), Reactome, KEGG pathway analysis, and molecular docking, were used. Results: TMT showed that 74 proteins were differentially expressed, out of which 12 presented overexpression (FC ≥ 1.5) and 62 were under expressed (FC ≤ 0.67). In general, the TMT approach showed that IA had a better effect on proteins than methotrexate. Gene ontology, Reactome, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that proteins with altered levels may be implicated in several processes, including gene silencing by RNA, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, cytoskeleton organization, and ATP metabolic and energetic processes. The molecular docking analysis, which used 23 altered proteins as targets, revealed that IA interacted with all the proteins used. Conclusions: The results obtained using the five bioinformatic approaches provide information and show that IA could be used to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma induced with the U-937 cell line. Also, it could provide a basis for future research and the development of clinical trials.
Ethanolic Extract of Averrhoa carambola Leaf Has an Anticancer Activity on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Beas-Guzmán Oscar F. , Cabrera-Licona Ariana , Hernández-Fuentes Gustavo A. , Ceballos-Magaña Silvia G. , Guzmán-Esquivel José , De-León-Zaragoza Luis , Ramírez-Flores Mario , Diaz-Martinez Janet , Garza-Veloz Idalia , Martínez-Fierro Margarita L. , Rodríguez-Sanchez Iram P. , Ceja-Espíritu Gabriel , Meza-Robles Carmen , Cervantes-Kardasch Víctor H. , Delgado-Enciso Iván
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Averrhoa carambola, or star fruit, is a shrub known for its medicinal properties, especially due to bioactive metabolites identified in its roots and fruit with anti-cancer activity. However, the biological effects of its leaves remain unexplored. This study aimed to assess the effects of ethanolic extract from A. carambola leaves on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype lacking specific therapy. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and HPLC profile and additional cell line evaluation employing MDA-MB-231 were carried out. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that the ethanolic extract was rich in flavonoids, saponins, and steroids, demonstrating an antioxidant capacity of 45%. 1H NMR analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenes, and glycoside-like compounds. Cell viability assays showed a concentration-dependent decrease in viability, with an IC50 value of 20.89 μg/mL at 48 h. Clonogenic assays indicated significant inhibition of replicative immortality, with only 2.63% survival at 15 μg/mL. Migration, assessed through a wound healing assay, was reduced to 3.06% at 100 μg/mL, with only 16.23% of cells remaining attached. An additive effect was observed when combining lower concentrations of the extract with doxorubicin, indicating potential synergy. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ethanolic extract of A. carambola leaves contains metabolites with anti-cancer activity against TNBC cells, supporting further research into their bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential.
Injectable Tumoricidal Neural Stem Cell-Laden Hydrogel for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme—An In Vivo Safety, Persistence, and Efficacy Study
Authors: King Jasmine L. , Valdivia Alain , Hingtgen Shawn D. , Benhabbour S. Rahima
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common high-grade primary brain cancer in adults. Despite efforts to advance treatment, GBM remains treatment resistant and inevitably progresses after first-line therapy. Induced neural stem cell (iNSC) therapy is a promising, personalized cell therapy approach that has been explored to circumvent challenges associated with the current GBM treatment. Methods: Herein, we developed a chitosan-based (CS) injectable, biodegradable, in situ forming thermo-responsive hydrogel as a cell delivery vehicle for the treatment of GBM. Tumoricidal neural stem cells were encapsulated in the injectable CS hydrogel as stem cell therapy for treatment of post-surgical GBM. In this report, we investigated the safety of the injectable CS hydrogel in an immune-competent mouse model. Furthermore, we evaluated the persistence and efficacy of iNSC-laden CS hydrogels in a post-surgical GBM mouse model. Results: The injectable CS hydrogel was well tolerated in mice with no signs of chronic local inflammation. Induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) persisted in the CS hydrogels for over 196 days in comparison to 21 days for iNSCs (cell injection) only. GBM recurrence was significantly slower in mice treated with iNSC-laden CS hydrogels with a 50% increase in overall median survival in comparison to iNSCs (cell injection) only. Conclusions: Collectively, we demonstrated the ability to encapsulate, retain, and deliver iNSCs in an injectable CS hydrogel that is well tolerated with better survival rates than iNSCs alone.
Computer-Aided Construction and Evaluation of Poly-L-Lysine/Hyodeoxycholic Acid Nanoparticles for Hemorrhage and Infection Therapy
Authors: Qin Qin , Wu Wenxing , Che Ling , Zhou Xing , Wu Diedie , Li Xiaohui , Yang Yumin , Lou Jie
Published: December 2024

Background: Traumatic hemorrhage and infection are major causes of mortality in wounds caused by battlefield injuries, hospital procedures, and traffic accidents. Developing a multifunctional nano-drug capable of simultaneously controlling bleeding, preventing infection, and promoting wound healing is critical. This study aimed to design and evaluate a nanoparticle-based solution to address these challenges effectively. Methods: Using a one-pot assembly approach, we prepared a series of nanoparticles composed of poly-L-lysine and hyodeoxycholic acid (PLL-HDCA NPs). Theoretical simulations and experimental studies were combined to optimize their structure and functionality. In vitro platelet aggregation, antibacterial assays, cytotoxicity tests, and hemolysis evaluations were performed. In vivo efficacy was assessed in various hemorrhage models, a full-thickness skin defect model, and a skin irritation test. Results: PLL-HDCA NPs demonstrated effective induction of platelet aggregation and significantly reduced bleeding time and blood loss in mouse models, including tail vein, femoral vein, artery, and liver bleeding. Antibacterial assays revealed strong activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Wound healing studies showed that PLL-HDCA NPs promoted tissue repair in a full-thickness skin defect model. Cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests indicated minimal impact on human cells and significantly reduced hemolysis rates compared to PLL alone. Skin irritation tests confirmed the safety of PLL-HDCA NPs for external application. Conclusions: PLL-HDCA NPs represent a safe, efficient, and multifunctional nano-drug suitable for topical applications to control bleeding, combat infection, and facilitate wound healing, making them promising candidates for use in battlefield and hospital settings.
The Frequency of DPYD c.557A>G in the Dominican Population and Its Association with African Ancestry
Authors: Guevara Mariela , de la Cruz Carla González , Rodrigues-Soares Fernanda , Rodríguez Ernesto , Manóchio Caíque , Peñas-Lledó Eva , Dorado Pedro , LLerena Adrián
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Genetic polymorphism of the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene (DPYD) is responsible for the variability found in the metabolism of fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine, or tegafur. The DPYD genotype is linked to variability in enzyme activity, 5-FU elimination, and toxicity. Approximately 10–40% of patients treated with fluoropyrimidines develop severe toxicity. The interethnic variability of DPYD gene variants in Afro-Latin Americans is poorly studied, thereby establishing a barrier to the implementation of personalized medicine in these populations. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the frequency of DPYD variants with clinical relevance in the Dominican population and their association with genomic ancestry components. Methods: For this study, 196 healthy volunteers from the Dominican Republic were genotyped for DPYD variants by qPCR, and individual genomic ancestry analysis was performed in 178 individuals using 90 informative ancestry markers. Data from the 1000 Genomes project were also retrieved for comparison and increased statistical power. Results and Conclusions: The c.557A>G variant (decreased dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase function) presented a frequency of 2.6% in the Dominican population. Moreover, the frequency of this variant is positively associated with African ancestry (r2 = 0.67, p = 1 × 10−7), which implies that individuals with high levels of African ancestry are more likely to present this variant. HapB3 is completely absent in Dominican, Mexican, Peruvian, Bangladeshi, and all East Asian and African populations, which probably makes its analysis dispensable in these populations. The implementation of pharmacogenetics in oncology, specifically DPYD, in populations of Afro-Latin American ancestry should include c.557A>G, to be able to carry out the safe and effective treatment of patients treated with fluoropyrimidines.
Photonic-Assisted Multi-Tone Microwave Frequency Measurement Based on Pulse Identification
Authors: Xie Xiaobing , Luo Chao , Tang Huiyun , Du Jinfeng , Li Ming , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

We report a photonic-assisted method for measuring the frequencies of a multi-tone microwave with high accuracy based on pulse identification. The unknown microwave signal and a linearly chirped signal are modulated to an optical carrier using a dual-polarization Mach–Zehnder modulator. Carrier-suppressed single-sideband modulation avoids the generation of undesired frequency components after photodetection. An electrical bandpass filter with a narrow bandwidth selects the beat signal between the unknown signal and the linearly chirped optical tone. A pulse, generated by the beat signal, can be observed using an oscilloscope (OSC). By identifying the beating pulse position, we can accurately determine the frequency of the unknown signal. The single-tone and multi-tone microwave signal ranges of 6–16 GHz and 26–36 GHz are successfully measured, respectively. The measurement errors for single-tone and multi-tone signals are both less than ±1 MHz.
Biocomposites and Poly(lactic acid) in Active Packaging: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions
Authors: Akhrib Sofiane , Djellali Souad , Haddaoui Nacereddine , Karimian Davud , Carraro Mauro
Published: December 2024

The alarming rise in environmental pollution, depletion of global resources, and increasing health consciousness have placed significant pressure on the development of eco-friendly, sustainable materials. Consequently, green, environmentally friendly materials made from biobased and/or biodegradable sources are gaining recognition and political support as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based, non-biodegradable materials. Bio-based packaging materials, in particular, are widely used across all industrial sectors, with a growing demand for solutions that preserve food quality and extend shelf life. Within this context, the concept of “active packaging” (AP) is attracting considerable interest. While the traditional view of packaging materials is that they should be basically inert, active packaging involves intentional interactions with the packaged product or surrounding atmosphere, providing enhanced protection against degradation caused by human actions and environmental factors. This work aims to highlight the significant impact of biocomposites in the active packaging sector, driven by the synergistic integration of nanofillers and active agents, while providing an in-depth analysis of the key mechanisms and strategies underlying their functionality. Particular emphasis is placed on poly(lactic acid)(PLA), presenting a comprehensive review of innovative approaches to enhance the performance of PLA-based packaging, with a focus on improving antioxidant and antimicrobial properties to meet the demands of sustainable and efficient packaging solutions.
A Critical Systematic Scoping Review on the Applications of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the Marine Industry
Authors: Sözen Ayberk , Neşer Gökdeniz
Published: December 2024

(1) Background: Additive manufacturing (AM), which has also become known as 3D printing, is rapidly expanding its areas of use in the marine industry. This study undertakes a historical development of AM in the marine industry. The study also criticises these developments to date and the future technological applications they will lead to, while considering the benefits for the industry and its segments. (2) Methods: This review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the Open Science Framework. The personalized search strategy was applied to Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The core emphasis was placed on two eligibility criteria throughout the evaluation process. Firstly, Criteria 1 sought to determine the paper’s relevance to AM. Secondly, Criteria 2 aimed to assess whether the paper delves into the implementation of AM or provides valuable insights into its utilisation within the marine industry. The risk of bias was analysed using a checklist of important parameters to be considered. (3) Results: In recent years, there has been a growing trend in studies related to the application of AM in the marine industry. While AM is widespread in industries such as automotive, aviation, and healthcare, it is relatively new for the marine industry. Almost only 5% of publications related to AM are related to the marine industry. There is a need for extensive research in many areas. It has been observed that classification societies and approval institutions, which largely drive the marine industry, have not yet taken AM into consideration sufficiently. (4) Conclusions: The studies show that AM is very promising for the marine industry. However, there are new studies at the experimental and theoretical level that need to be carried out to determine the right materials and AM methods to establish the quality control methodology and the necessary classification rules. This review also emphazises AM’s pivotal role in reshaping the marine industry, addressing the potential environmental and occupational safety effects of AM.
A Full Green, Sustainable Paper-Based Packaging Material with High-Strength, Water Resistance, and Thermal Insulation
Authors: Gu Yongsheng , Yao Fengbiao , Gong Ruizhi , Di Yong , Srinivasan Vennila , Hu Xiaojie , Liu Baoxuan , Min Dexiu , Lian Chenglong , Dong Xiaoying , Li Yongfeng
Published: December 2024

Paper-based packaging materials have gained attention from academia and industry for their outstanding environmental sustainability advantages. However, they still encounter major challenges, such as low mechanical strength and inadequate functionality, hindering the replacement of unsustainable packaging materials. Inspired by the remarkable strength of trees provided by cellulose fibers and the water and heat protection of trees provided by bark, this study developed a new biomass-based packaging material (SNC-C) that combines strength, thermal insulation, and water resistance. The material was created by simply blending straw nanocellulose (SNC) with oak bark (i.e., cork), which naturally provides water-resistant, thermal insulation, and unique regenerative properties. The dense layered structure formed entirely by SNC generates a tensile strength reaching up to 60.93 MPa. With the cork cavity structure, the heat transfer rate of the obtained material is reduced to 2.90–3.01 °C/(cm·min). The combining of the closed-cell structure and the suberin component of the cork results in a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the material of 400.30 g/(m2·24 h). This all-biomass material with excellent performance and low environmental footprint offers a promising solution for the development of sustainable multifunctional packaging materials.
Methyl Gallate and Amoxicillin-Loaded Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Chitosan Mats: Impact of Acetic Acid on Their Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Activity
Authors: Jiamboonsri Pimsumon , Sangkhun Weradesh , Wanwong Sompit
Published: December 2024

Methyl gallate (MG), a natural phenolic compound, exhibits in vitro synergistic activity with amoxicillin (Amox) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a global health concern. This study developed electrospun nanofibers incorporating MG and Amox into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CS) blend to target both methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. The formulation was optimized, and the impact of acetic acid on antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar disc diffusion. The final formulation was fabricated and characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, swelling, and release behavior analyses to understand its antibacterial efficacy. Results revealed that acetic acid eliminated antibacterial activity, but MG (64 mg/mL) and Amox (2.5 mg/mL) were successfully incorporated into a PVA/CS solution prepared with deionized water. The resulting nanofiber mats featured nanoscale fibers (126 ± 45 nm) with and micron-oval beads. Despite the in vitro synergism, the MG/Amox/PVA/CS mats showed no significant improvement over MG or Amox alone against MRSA, likely due to their physicochemical properties. FTIR and DSC results confirmed molecular interactions between the active compounds and the polymer matrix, which may cause a minimal swelling and low drug release at 24 h. This study offers insights into the potential of MG/Amox-loaded nanofibers for anti-MRSA material development.
Power Flow Analysis of Ring AC/DC Hybrid Network with Multiple Power Electronic Transformers Based on Hybrid Alternating Iteration Power Flow Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Huang Chenhong , Ma Xiaoli , Chen Wenwen , Huang Yinan , Wang Min , Pan Dongqian
Published: December 2024

AC/DC hybrid distribution networks with power electronic transformers (PETs) as distribution hubs are in line with the future development direction of the AC/DC hybrid distribution network. Unlike traditional transformers, power electronic transformers introduce new node types and may transform the network topology from radial to ring structures. These changes render traditional power flow calculation methods inadequate for achieving satisfactory results in AC/DC hybrid networks. In addition, existing commercial power flow calculation software packages are mainly based on the traditional AC power flow calculation method, which have limited support for the DC network. Especially when the DC network is coupled with the AC network, it is difficult to achieve a unified calculation of its power flow. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel power flow calculation method for ring AC/DC hybrid distribution networks with power electronic transformers. The proposed method is based on the alternating iterative method to ensure compatibility with mature AC power flow calculation programs in commercial software, thereby improving the feasibility of engineering applications. Firstly, the steady-state power flow calculation model of PET is constructed by analyzing that the working principle and control modes of power electronic transformer are proposed based on the source-load attributes of its connected subnetworks. According to the characteristics of the power electronic transformer, AC distribution network, and DC distribution network, a hybrid alternating iteration method combining the high computational accuracy of the Newton–Raphson (NR) method with the high efficiency of the Zbus Gaussian method in dealing with ring networks is proposed. On this basis, the power flow calculation model of the AC/DC hybrid distribution network with power electronic transformers is established. Finally, the simulation of the constructed 44-node ring AC/DC hybrid distribution network example is carried out. The simulation results show that the proposed method can not only converge reliably when the convergence accuracy is 1 × 10−6 p.u., but also ensure that the voltage magnitudes of all nodes are above 0.96 p.u. whose maximum offset value is 0.789% when the outputs of the connected distributed generations fluctuate, which verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Minimally Invasive Resin-Bonded Zirconia Veneers for the Treatment of Discolored Teeth: A Multidisciplinary Case Report by the First Committee of Junior Members of the Italian Dental Prosthesis and Oral Rehabilitation Society (SIPRO)
Authors: Bertoni Stefano , Carossa Massimo , Favero Riccardo , Carboncini Fabio , D’arienzo Luigi Federico
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Among modern metal-free materials, zirconia, a high-performance ceramic material that can only be manufactured through CAM procedures, has certainly exponentially gained popularity thanks to its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, esthetic, and versatility. However, one of the main debates that has been raised in relation to zirconia is its usage as an adhesive material. The present case report describes the clinical outcome of a multidisciplinary case finalized with adhesive minimally invasive zirconia veneers for the treatment of discolored teeth after a 24-month follow-up. Methods: A 19-year-old female patient with discolored upper frontal teeth (first premolar to first premolar) negatively affecting her self-esteem and social life was visited by a prosthodontic specialist. The treatment plan included orthodontic treatment, soft and hard tissue management through surgical procedures, and, lastly, minimally invasive adhesive zirconia veneers. The zirconia veneers bonding was performed under a rubber dam by conditioning the dental substrate by sandblasting the enamel with 40-micron aluminum oxide, etching with orthophosphoric acid 37%, and using a proper adhesive system. Monolithic zirconia restorations were sandblasted with 70-micron aluminum oxide at 0.2 MPa, then cleaned with a specific cleaner, and treated with a primer. Results: At the last follow-up (24 months), neither biological nor mechanical complications were observed. The patient anecdotally reported being very satisfied with the functional and esthetic results obtained. Therefore, the case was considered successful. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present case report, the reported case on the use of minimally invasive resin-bonded zirconia veneers for the treatment of discolored teeth showed excellent outcomes after a 24-month follow-up. The use of zirconia as an adhesive material seems to be emerging. However, more clinical studies are required to validate the procedure.
Advancements and Perspective in the Quantitative Assessment of Soil Salinity Utilizing Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Algorithms: A Review
Authors: Wang Fei , Han Lili , Liu Lulu , Bai Chengjie , Ao Jinxi , Hu Hongjiang , Li Rongrong , Li Xiaojing , Guo Xian , Wei Yang
Published: December 2024

Soil salinization is a significant global ecological issue that leads to soil degradation and is recognized as one of the primary factors hindering the sustainable development of irrigated farmlands and deserts. The integration of remote sensing (RS) and machine learning algorithms is increasingly employed to deliver cost-effective, time-efficient, spatially resolved, accurately mapped, and uncertainty-quantified soil salinity information. We reviewed articles published between January 2016 and December 2023 on remote sensing-based soil salinity prediction and synthesized the latest research advancements in terms of innovation points, data, methodologies, variable importance, global soil salinity trends, current challenges, and potential future research directions. Our observations indicate that the innovations in this field focus on detection depth, iterations of data conversion methods, and the application of newly developed sensors. Statistical analysis reveals that Landsat is the most frequently utilized sensor in these studies. Furthermore, the application of deep learning algorithms remains underexplored. The ranking of soil salinity prediction accuracy across the various study areas is as follows: lake wetland (R2 = 0.81) > oasis (R2 = 0.76) > coastal zone (R2 = 0.74) > farmland (R2 = 0.71). We also examined the relationship between metadata and prediction accuracy: (1) Validation accuracy, sample size, number of variables, and mean sample salinity exhibited some correlation with modeling accuracy, while sampling depth, variable type, sampling time, and maximum salinity did not influence modeling accuracy. (2) Across a broad range of scales, large sample sizes may lead to error accumulation, which is associated with the geographic diversity of the study area. (3) The inclusion of additional environmental variables does not necessarily enhance modeling accuracy. (4) Modeling accuracy improves when the mean salinity of the study area exceeds 30 dS/m. Topography, vegetation, and temperature are relatively significant environmental covariates. Over the past 30 years, the global area affected by soil salinity has been increasing. To further enhance prediction accuracy, we provide several suggestions for the challenges and directions for future research. While remote sensing is not the sole solution, it provides unique advantages for soil salinity-related studies at both regional and global scales.
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning-Based Stereo Matching and Multi-View Stereo for Urban DSM Generation
Authors: Fuentes Reyes Mario , d’Angelo Pablo , Fraundorfer Friedrich
Published: December 2024

The creation of digital surface models (DSMs) from aerial and satellite imagery is often the starting point for different remote sensing applications. For this task, the two main used approaches are stereo matching and multi-view stereo (MVS). The former needs stereo-rectified pairs as inputs and the results are in the disparity domain. The latter works with images from various perspectives and produces a result in the depth domain. So far, both approaches have proven to be successful in producing accurate DSMs, especially in the deep learning area. Nonetheless, an assessment between the two is difficult due to the differences in the input data, the domain where the directly generated results are provided and the evaluation metrics. In this manuscript, we processed synthetic and real optical data to be compatible with the stereo and MVS algorithms. Such data is then applied to learning-based algorithms in both analyzed solutions. We focus on an experimental setting trying to establish a comparison between the algorithms as fair as possible. In particular, we looked at urban areas with high object densities and sharp boundaries, which pose challenges such as occlusions and depth discontinuities. Results show in general a good performance for all experiments, with specific differences in the reconstructed objects. We describe qualitatively and quantitatively the performance of the compared cases. Moreover, we consider an additional case to fuse the results into a DSM utilizing confidence estimation, showing a further improvement and opening up a possibility for further research.