bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ultrasonic Technology on Functional Properties of Peanut Proteins
Authors: Shao Yue , Liu Xiang Long , Shao Hong , Li Yun Jiao
Published: February 2015

The functional properties of peanut protein were determined under different conditions of ultrasonic waves which are used for processing the solution of peanut protein powder. The functional properties of peanut protein were enhanced remarkably by ultrasonic waves. Processed by ultrasonic waves for20 min, foaming ability increases to 60% from 30%, and foam stability increases to 50% from 17%. Processed by ultrasonic waves for 15 min, emulsifying ability increases to 49.3% from 38.9% obviously, and emulsion stability increases to 100% from 91.4%.When the solution’s PH equals 4, foaming ability of peanut protein to be minimum. Foaming ability increases to 27.9% from 26.2% by ultrasonic waves. When the solution’s PH is from 6 to 10, emulsifying ability increases to 50.7% from 44.3% by ultrasonic waves. When the concentration of the solution of NaCl is 0.2mol/L~0.4mol/L, emulsifying ability increases to 45% from 38.4% by ultrasonic waves, but it will drop if we continue to increase the concentration of the solution of NaCl. Processed by ultrasonic waves for 6 min,oil absorption ability increases to 1.51 mL/g from 1.26 mL/g. Processed by ultrasonic waves for 8 min, the solubility of low concentration peanut protein solution (1g /100mL~2g/100mL) enhanced doubly, and the water holding capacity increases to 2.9% from 2.4%.
Research on the Stability and Content Detection of Anthocyanin of Black Peanuts Clothing
Authors: Shao Yue , Liu Xiang Long , Shao Hong , Li Yun Jiao
Published: February 2015

The experiment determined the containment of anthocyanin from the black peanut skin and stability of the anthocyanin under different temperature, pH value, illumination conditions and different concentration of metal ions (including Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+). The anthocyanin was extracted under the optimum technological condition: ratio of material to liquid 1:50, 60% ethanol as extractant, extraction temperature 60°C and time 80min. The black peanut skin contains 1.03% anthocyanin, of which the absorbance decreases when pH value lowers 5.0 but rises there after and the color turns to the trend of blue gradually. Also, the closer the pH value reaches to 7.0, the better preservation rate of anthocyanin it has. Apparently, the absorbance stays at the highest level when the concentration of Mn2+ or Mg2+ is 2.00mmol/L and it rises with the concentration of Fe3+ or Cu2+ increasing. No flocculation was found to the anthocyanin by Fe3+.
Optimization of Preparing Technology of Magnetic Carboxymethylchitosan Microspheres Molecular-Imprinted by 6-ethoxydihydrosanguinarine Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Zhong Ming , Long Rui Qing
Published: February 2015

In the present study, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the preparation process of magnetic carboxymethylchitosan microspheres molecular-imprinted by 6-ethoxydihydrosanguinarine. The optimum parameters were as follows: CMCS concentration,3.24% ;CMCS/EtOSA ratio, 37.79 (g/g) and oil/water ratio, 2.76 (v/v).The adsorption rate from the optimized model was 39.34 (mg/g). Under the optimized conditions, the adsorption rate for the verifying experiments was well matches with the predicted value.
Numerical Simulation of the Methanol Synthesis Process by Using HT-L Pulverized Coal Gasification
Authors: Zheng Yu Xin , Wang Zhi Hua , Wu Xue Hong , Lv Yan Li
Published: February 2015

The numerical simulation of the methanol synthesis process by using HT-L pulverized coal gasification is studied in the work. Pulverized coal gasification are simulated by Aspen Plus industrial systems flower software, and the optimum condition can be gained by calculation. The pulverized coal entrained-flow gasifier adopts the minimization method of Gibbs free energy. Under the given conditions of 1500°C and carbon conversion of 99%, when coal flow volume is 3265.87 kg/h and the ratio of air and coal is 4:1, the content of effective gas is maximal, and also the content of effective gas increased with increasing of the pressure.
Identification of Solar Cell Temperature Model Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Zhi Gang , Zhang Chun Jie , Gao Pu , Gong Xing
Published: February 2015

Establishing a general and precise solar cell temperature model is of crucial importance for photovoltaic system modeling and the loss analysis of output power and conversion efficiency. Based on the complex mechanism of solar cell temperature, this paper studies the steady state estimation model of solar cell temperature. Firstly, based on the approximate linear relationship of air temperature, solar radiation intensity, wind speed and solar cell temperature, the polynomial model of solar cell temperature is established and the unknown parameters of the model are extracted with the differential evolution algorithm. Secondly, Experimental acquisition platform is built to reduce the effects of air humidity solar incidence angle on the PV cell temperature. Finally, it shows that the estimated steady-state model is reliable and it fits better performance than other literature submitted through the experimental comparison.
Hypotheses about the Tools Origin of Textile Materials
Authors: Tao Yuan , Yu Wei Dong
Published: February 2015

As high polymer materials, textile materials are easily to be carbonized and then disappear, so it is almost impossible to study the origin of it from physical evidence. Based on the objective historical facts, through analysis and inference, the paper believed that textile materials, as soft materials, are better than stone tools in the aspects of obtaining, making, functions and uses. Two hypotheses about the origin of textile materials are proposed. The first is that textile materials originate from tools, and the origin time of it is not later than stone tools. The second is that signs and clothing application of textile materials both evolve from its usage as tools, so the origin sequence of textile materials is tools, signs, and clothing.
Effect of Mo/Al2O3 Catalyst Component on Composition of Residue Hydrocracked Product
Authors: Du Hui , Yu Yang , Liu Dong , Yang Yuan Xi , Li Ming
Published: February 2015

Hydrocracking of Venezuelan heavy oil with no catalyst, dispersed Mo catalyst and Mo/Al2O3catalyst were carried out to investigate the effect of Mo/Al2O3catalyst component on the composition of residue hydrocracked product. Experimental data revealed that both dispersed Mo catalyst and Mo/Al2O3catalyst improved the conversion of Venezuelan heavy oil and inhibited the formation of coke, but the two types of catalyst have the opposite effects on generation of light products. Besides, the activity metal suppressed the formation of isomerization product while the acidity support enhanced it.
Finite Element Analysis on the Key Parts of Rubber Suspension
Authors: Si Li Li , Zhang Jiu Bing
Published: February 2015

Rubber suspension system is a new suspension system in which rubber is used to be the elastic element, thus rubber spring is one of the key components of suspension. Based on its concrete structure, a finite element model of rubber spring is made and so as to analyze the rubber suspension forces under different working conditions, to analyze the strength and stiffness for providing a reference for the design.
Analysis of Stress Field of Fuel Storage Tank Saddle on LNG-Fuelled Ship
Authors: Zhang Yun Qiu , Li Bo Yang , Hu De Dong
Published: February 2015

This paper introduces fuel storage tank arrangement and the saddle structure of 296600 tons oil tanker (VLCC). According to the relevant standard, using ANSYS software, finite element modeling of the saddle and nearby hull structure is created. The radial force distribution function of the saddle is deduced under various conditions. The accurate stress state for saddle and nearby is found out by the application of finite element direct calculation method. Through the analysis of the results, the improvement measures are given and the reference for the saddle structure design is provided.
Design of a New Type Intelligent Transformation Joint in Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery
Authors: Li Chuan Jun , Huang Wan Wan , Han Bin , Li Kai , Liu Shu Wen
Published: February 2015

In order to improve the efficiency of the heavy oil thermal recovery in high temperature and high pressure conditions, a new transformation joint was designed based on the theory of fluid pressure difference. Through the automatic displacement of a one-way valve and a seal tongue under the action of pressure difference, it realized intelligent transformation between the production status and the well testing status. According to the oil recovery requirements about structure size, energy loss, high temperature sealing property and high temperature resistance, thermal expansion of material, designs about structure, key sizes, material model and sealing parts were carried out, and strength of key parts was verified theoretically. Fluent was used to simulate the internal flows of the structure, to analyze and verify the energy loss under the working status. The result shows that the product can meet the requirements of heavy oil exploitation, and its simple structure, high reliability and strong durability can greatly improve the efficiency of crude oil recovery.
Effect of Surface Texture Molded by a Stainless Steel Mesh on the Invisalign Material Friction Coefficient
Authors: Cai Yong Qing , Yang Xiao Xiang , He Bing Wei
Published: February 2015

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface texture mold by stainless steel (SS) mesh on Invisalign material friction coefficient. Materials and methods: Ten kinds of SS mesh were used to mold surface texture on Invisalign material. Experiments were conducted using a zirconia ball that slid against Invisalign material plates with different surface textures. In the experiments, the coefficients of friction under normal loads of 100, 200, and 300 g under dry and artificial saliva conditions were recorded. Results: The coefficient of friction was relative to the pore size and wire diameter of SS mesh. Conclusions: The Invisalign material coefficient can be effectively managed by the surface texture mold by SS mesh.
Inhibition Activities of Sorbitol on the Corrosion of Steel Rebar
Authors: Feng Li Juan , Cui Xin , Wang Jian Hua , Yang Huai Yu , Wang Fu Hui
Published: February 2015

The corrosion inhibition activities of sorbitol on the corrosion of steel rebar were studied via potentialdynamic polarization, electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) techniques as well as the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in simulated concrete pore solution. In order to determine its corrosion inhibition effect in the concrete structure, concrete specimens with steel rebar inside were prepared and wet /dry cycles method was used to simulate the service environment of steel rebar in marine region as well as to accelerate rebar corrosion. The inhibition performances of sorbitol were investigated by half cell potential and corrosion current density measurements. The results indicate that sorbitol can effectively inhibit the corrosion of steel rebar both in simulated system and concrete structure. Its inhibition mechanism involves a chelating effect of the molecule with the iron ions and a protective film formed on the metal surface.
Research of Recognition Method for Surface Defects of Hot-Rolled Round Steel Based on Image Processing
Authors: Shao Chang Cheng , Xu Gong Wen , Xu Hao , Liao Ming Hai , Zhao Hong Luan , Zhang Zhi Jun , Zhao Qian
Published: February 2015

The surface defects is an important factor affecting the quality of hot-rolled round steel, so the recognition of surface defects plays a very important role in the daily usage of the hot-rolled round steel. This paper aims to bring forward an appropriate method to find out the surface defects of the hot-rolled round steel under the help of Matlab software. First of all, the image edge of the round steel was detected, and the image was segmented. Secondly, the segmented image may appear bended, so it would be straightened to make the surface defects recognition easy. The third step is to eliminate image noise. Finally the processed image was analyzed and the appropriate recognition method was figured out. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is effective and accurate.
Elastic Modulus Calculation of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Qiao Yong Mei , Gao Chao
Published: February 2015

Based on the existing empirical formula, applied binary regression model, Lytag, as an example, established a new style of regression equation for lightweight aggregate, and compared with Existing empirical formula, proved the availability of the new formula.
Using Soil Releasing Agent for Improving the UV Blocking Effect on Cotton Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Kan C.W. , Chiu P.S.
Published: February 2015

This paper was concerned with the effect of soil release treatment on the UV blocking effect of 100% cotton knitted fabric with different types of structure. UV measurement was carried out using a spectrophotometer and the results revealed that soil release treatment did not provide significant UV blocking effect on the cotton knitted fabrics.
Acoustic Emission at the Kinetic and Development of the Structural Defects under Deformation of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Bashkov Oleg , Romashko Roman , Panin Sergey V. , Bashkova Tatiana
Published: February 2015

The paper presents the results of studies the deformation behavior of aluminium alloy D16 by acoustic emission (AE) method. The purpose of this study was to establish the deformation stages and deformation mechanisms at each stage. Studies were carried out on the samples of aluminum alloy D16 (analog 7075). This paper contains a method for the separation of AE signals. The method of AE sources identification based on the the two-parameter distribution analysis (frequency parameter Kfvs energy of AE signals). The frequency parameter Kf is based on wavelet transform of AE signals. Two-parameter distribution allows one to separate the AE signals emitted by dislocations from the signals of micro cracks. The investigation results allowed the various deformation stages to establish by the different types of AE signals. By the AE analysis shows the dislocation mechanism of hardening the aluminum alloyD16. The paper presents the results that characterize the influences of heat treatment and structural condition of aluminum alloy on the AE parameters.
Removal of Radioactivity and Recovery of Radioactive Cs from Sediment Mud and Soil in Fukushima, Japan Using Immobilized Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Sasaki Kei , Takeno Kenji , Shinkawa Hidenori , Sasaki Ken , Das Nachiketa
Published: February 2015

Radioactively polluted sediment mud and soil in Fukushima were subjected to a regime of practical treatment by the use of arginate beads, which contained immobilized photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodobactersphaeroides SSI. A simple aerobic treatment system led to a removal and recovery of 73.2-81.9% radioactivity from polluted sediment mud, and a removal of 59.5-73.3% from polluted soil. After treatment, radioactive Cs incorporated into immobilized beads were recovered, which upon incineration were reduced by more than 97%, without ever scattering any radioactive Cs.
Adsorption of Sulfur’s Atoms on the Outer Surface of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Sozykin Sergey Anatolevich , Beskachko Valeriy Petrovich
Published: February 2015

The article is about regularities of structure formation of carbon nanotubes (7,7) in their ground state in the process of the gradually increasing of the concentration of sulfur atoms. The fragment of nanotube is investigated within the framework of the density functional theory with the using of periodic boundary conditions. It contains 112 carbon atoms and n = 1 ÷ 9 sulfur atoms. It is shown that the most energetically favorable configurations of n = 1 ÷ 6 sulfur atoms can be considered as a configuration uncombined sulfur clusters Sn with the slight deformation by tube field. From n = 6, there is a tendency toward the formation of a ribbon structures with 2 sulfur atoms wide, it has a tendency in the moment of increasing n to be guided by transversely to the tube axis. In all considered cases the sulfur atoms are located at a distance from the surface of the tube more than 0.28 nm, it is excluded the possibility of the formation of the strong (covalent) chemical bonds with the carbon nanotube.
A Capacitive Ammonia Sensor Using the Commercial 0.18 μm CMOS Process
Authors: Yang Ming Zhi , Dai Ching Liang
Published: February 2015

The project presents an ammonia sensor with heater on-a-chip manufactured using the commercial 0.18 μm CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process. The ammonia sensor is composed of a sensitive film, interdigital electrodes and a polysilicon heater. The sensor is a capacitive type and the sensitive film is ZrO2that is prepared by sol-gel method. The sensor requires a post-process to remove the sacrificial oxide layer and coat the ZrO2film on the interdigital electrodes. When the sensitive film absorbs ammonia vapor, the capacitance of the sensor generates a change. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the ammonia sensor is 2.47 pF/ppm at 270 °C.
3-py-TTF: Efficient and Simple Colorimetric Sensor for Copper Ion in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Liang Yue , Shen Liang Jun , Xiao Xun Wen
Published: February 2015

Compound 1 shows remarkable sensing and coordinating properties only to Zn2+ ion, not to the other metal ions. Addition of a micromolar concentration of Zn2+ ion to the solution of 1, a dramatic change is observed in the UV–vis absorption spectrum and redox property, and the discrimination is readily possible even by “the naked eye.” Comparison of the recognition ability between 1 and its reference compound 2 suggests that the nature of the space linking tetrathiafulvalene and acceptor moiety plays an important role in the intramolecular charge-transfer state.
Research on SOFC of Composite Anode Material SrMoO3-YSZ Impregnated with Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9 by Hard Template Method
Authors: You Hong Xin , Guan Ya Jun , Qu Bin , Zhang Shuang , Guan Guo Qing , Abudula Abuliti
Published: February 2015

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes made by SrMoO3 substituting for Ni of SOFC. Porous SrMoO3 and YSZ (8mol%Y2O3-ZrO2) were synthesized with activated carbon hard template by liquid phase method, and nanoparticles Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (GDC) impregnated porous SrMoO3-YSZ with liquid phase immerse method, thus SOFC composite anode material was synthesized. SrMoO3-YSZ that impregnated with GDC by hard template method was treated as the anode, YSZ as the electrolyte while LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-d) as the cathode, so that the solid oxide fuel cell could be assembled. At 800°C, the highest power densities of cells with the anode of SrMoO3-YSZ impregnated by GDC and the cell anode of SrMoO3-YSZ were 190.44mW•cm-2 and 98.06 mW•cm-2 respectively as methane was the fuels.
Furniture Materials Research in Kinmen
Authors: Hong Pei Fen
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore furniture materials and feature in Kinmen of Taiwan. The methods include document analysis , field research and interview. The results indicate that kinmen furniture materials commonly used china-fir and another bamboo, china tree and Taiwan acacia, and in terms of the material properties of wood, Taiwan acacia the highest hardness, but poor drying and processing, the other hand fir, china-fir and bamboo materials, due to easy drying and processing, so it is a higher probability of use. However, the Golden Gate itself does not produce china-fir, wood sources and more from the Chinese mainland shipping from, then ask China to Kinmen master production, or direct purchase ready-made furniture in China.
Design and Fabrication of PDMS MLA Based on Digital Maskless Lithography Method
Authors: Xu Guang Tao , Gao Yi Qing , Li Feng , Cui Xiao Feng , Kuang Guo Wen
Published: February 2015

Polymer MLA is fabricated by used of the DMD-based maskless lithography method. The process flow is described in this paper. The obtained photoresist concave MLA, which is used as a pattern to fabricate PDMS convex MLA, and the resulted PDMS MLA are measured with 3D surface profiler based on scanning white light interferometry. Besides, the transmission and reflection spectrum of PDMS film sample are also measured and used to calculate the refractive index of the PDMS film.
Lean Six Sigma in French and Polish Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises - The Pilot Research Results
Authors: Grudowski Piotr , Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Leseure Ewa
Published: February 2015

The article presents results of the research conducted in Polish and French small and medium-sized enterprises referring to the context of the implementation and application of the concept of Lean Six Sigma. The research was conducted in the form of case studies, observations and individual interviews. The pilot studies led to the identification of the needs, expectations, concerns and experiences of these companies. At the same time possible benefits and the barriers related to the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma methodology in the SMEs were disclosed. The results of the research considered also the suggestions and expectations of the employees of the surveyed organizations. The majority of companies using elements of the LSS in both countries had difficulty with the correct use of the of Lean or Six Sigma tools. These results ultimately confirmed the demand for Lean Six Sigma methodology dedicated to SME sector.
Participation of Accredited Laboratories in Proficiency Testing Schemes and Interlaboratory Comparisons
Authors: Delčev Siniša , Gučević Jelena , Ogrizović Vukan
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the elements of metrology laboratory accreditation for calibration in the scope of calibration E-05 Dimensions, and calibration for the subject: the distance and angle measures. During the accreditation, but also in its maintenance, calibration laboratories must prove their competence. Each laboratory must have the quality management procedures for monitoring the validity of the calibrations performed. This monitoring shall be planned and reviewed through: internal quality control, participation in the interlaboratory comparisons or proficiency testing schemes, repeated calibrations using the same or different methods, re-calibration of the saved samples and correlation of results for different characteristics of the sample. According to the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard, competence is proved by participating in interlaboratory comparisons or participation in Proficiency testing (PT) schemes. This paper aims to stimulate discussion and debate about ways of proving competence of calibration laboratories. We believe that, in the interpretation of ISO/IEC 17025, the laboratory can demonstrate competence by participating in any activity, PT schemes or interlaboratory comparisons, and they are equal to this need. The procedure and the results of the interlaboratory comparisons between two accredited laboratories will be described.
Combined Usage of Theory of Constraints, Lean and Six Sigma in Quality Assurance of Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Demchuk Lesya , Baitsar Roman
Published: February 2015

Classic intention, which pursues the management of any company – is to improve the quality and competitiveness of its own production, aiming at the end to speed up the receiving of profit. Such an implementation is primarily made possible by optimizing production processes. The manufacturing processes are influenced by various factors that may lead to deviations from the process requirements. Management of processes is needed to counteract such change in the process.Processes that are not managed, can lead to the production of a large number of defective products earlier before the detection of nonconformity, causing significant damage and lead to disruption of production schedules. It is important to develop an effective system of management and control, capable of detecting variations in the process as early as possible so you can take corrective action before it is produced by a large number of defective products. To optimize production processes in quality assurance the following systems have been known as Theory of Constraints, Lean, Six Sigma. Typically, these systems are used separately. However, their combination and comprehensive utilization can be more efficient and can give a much better result.As a rule, first by using Theory of Constraints (TOC) the bottleneck is defined – weak area, which is an obstacle of improving of the quality and efficiency of the company and profit increasing. Then Lean tools manage this area. And the next phase includes Six Sigma, which allows you to receive a significant increase in the effectiveness and efficiency of production and profit.Each of these techniques is unique and their complex usage is important in managing the quality of processes and products.
MSA Planning - A Proposition of a Method
Authors: Rewilak Jan
Published: February 2015

Measurement System Analysis (MSA) comprises a set of methods aiming to identify and assess variation of measurement results that can be assigned to a measurement system (gauge, personnel, procedure, standard, ambient conditions, etc.). It became a requirement of quality management systems in automotive industry, according to ISO/TS 16949. Moreover, most of automotive suppliers have to meet OEMs requirements specified in APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning), PPAP (Production Part Approval Process) and MSA manuals. Many other industries adopted the same approach, expecting their suppliers to perform MSA in compliance with the above guidelines. The basic requirement regarding MSA scope is that it should be carried out for all measuring instruments referred to in Control Plans. Among methods available, gauge R&R seems to be the most popular method of measuring system capability assessment. However, although the assessment has to be performed periodically, none of the above mentioned guidelines suggest any method for MSA planning. The paper describes a few propositions on how the problem can be practically resolved basing on a risk associated with each measurement system. The first proposed method is based on simple risk analysis, which can be easily run together with developing a Control Plan. It uses process capability index (required or achieved) and characteristics impact on product/process function for making a decision on MSA frequency and scope. The variant of the method uses gauge robustness assessment as another risk factor.The other proposition assumes that a process FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is developed. The method uses performed FMEA to establish priorities for MSA. Basing on the priorities, frequency and scope of MSA can be planned.
Testing the Accuracy of Surface Roughness Measurements Carried out with a Portable Profilometer
Authors: Stępień Krzysztof
Published: February 2015

Surface roughness is a factor that has a vital influence on overall quality of machine parts. This is the reason why proper measurements of surface roughness are a matter of great importance in modern manufacturing technology. Nowadays portable profilometers are common instruments to be used under industrial conditions. Measurements with such instruments can be affected by numerous factors, for example environmental changes, human errors of an operator, etc. This paper discusses problem of an evaluation of measurement accuracy of portable profilometers. It also describes the evaluation procedure and presents results experimental tests.
UHMWPE Modified Sodium Alginate
Authors: Kollár Mariann , Zsoldos Gabriella , Szabó Tamás
Published: February 2015

Aim of our experiments was to modify prosthetic material UHMWPE powder using sodium alginate. The sodium alginate has an important property that the appropriate chemical reagent could exchange its Na+ions to Ca2+ions. The Ca has important role in the healing process, so modifying this substance the UHMWPE material helps patients healing. In the first step we examined that the raw material UHMWPE powder is necessary to be treated in order to adhere alginate at the surface of the UHMWPE powder. In a second step, we examined that insoluble Ca alginate coating left at the surface of UHMWPE powder after the exchange of Na ions. The treated powders were analyzed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy and Diffential Scanning Calorymetry methods. SEM investigations were carried out on the prepared samples moreover energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) measurements were performed,-for detection of the presence of small amounts of Na and Ca ions. It has been found that the complex and complicated Caro’s acid chemical treatment is unnecessary in order to prepare alginate coated substrates. The best results were achieved by selecting the correct order of surface layer preparation; first coating the substrate with alginate solution then treating with aqueous CaCl2.
Comparing Two Examination Methods for Measuring Metal to Artery Ratio of Coronary Stents
Authors: Kovács Miksa , Károly Dóra , Dévényi László
Published: February 2015

This article shows two examination methods to measure the metal to artery ratio of stents. Our goal was to further develop the previously used measuring method in order to make it suitable for the integration into the quality control process of endovascular stent manufacture to provide more realistic data. The previous method was performed manually using rotating equipment under a stereomicroscope. The new method is an automatic method using an integrated scanner and a rotating engine. Both methods aimed at converting the cylindrical stent into a flattened two-dimensional image in order to enable the measurement of stent surface area by imaging software. From the image we can determine the cell sizes, the maximum achievable stent diameter, and the structure of the stent pattern. Each measurement process was tested on different types of stents. Our findings showed that the methods gave similar results, the largest differences are speed and accuracy.
Real-Time Test Environment for Hydraulic Gap Adjustment System in Hot Rolling Mill
Authors: Kovari Attila
Published: February 2015

Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) test is an effective platform for developing and testing complex real-time systems and allows the engineer to examine units or equipments with greater test coverage compared to physical testing alone. Expensive and unique electro-hydraulic servo systems, which are applied in Hydraulic Gap Adjustment Systems in Hot Rolling Mills, are hard to test in different operating conditions, but a HIL test system can provide this examinations. In this paper a HIL test environment is presented which can be used to observe the dynamic behavior of the Hydraulic Gap Adjustment System.
In Situ Al3Nb Formation in Liquid Al by Nb Particle Addition
Authors: Kumar Sundaram , Agarwal Sam , O'Reilly Keyna
Published: February 2015

Master alloys are used in the metals industry to control chemical composition and to help to achieve a particular microstructure or promote growth of desired phases. This study reports on making a Al3Nb containing aluminium (Al) - niobium (Nb) master alloy by solid-liquid reaction processing, where solid Nb particles are added to the liquid Al. Nb react with Al to form in-situ Al3Nb. The in-situ formed Al3Nb particles were facet and polygonal in shape. The three dimensional analysis revealed that the outer surface of the partially reacted Nb was covered with faceted Al3Nb particles. The different nature and morphologies of the in-situ phases that were produced were determined using SEM, EDX, XRD and extraction techniques. A mechanism for the observed microstructural difference is discussed.
Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on Different Face Center Cubic (FCC) Metals
Authors: Ladányi Gábor , Pázmán Judit , Verő Balázs
Published: February 2015

Equal channel angle pressing (ECAP) of commercial purity aluminum (1050), oxygen free high conductivity copper (OFHC Cu) and high purity tin (99,99% Sn) were conducted using C processing route. The variation of microstructure, of micro-Vickers hardness and of macroscopic material parameters with number of pressings was documented up to ten passes. Tensile tests were used to evaluate post ECAP deformation response. Optical microscope was used to obtain statistical information on the microstructure developed during ECAP. The present results showed that, as it can be found in the literature, first ECAP pass has resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties. Further ECAP processing, as original observation, has resulted in slight improvement and after ~7 pressing decreasing of hardness can be observed. The true stress–strain curve for ECAP-ed specimens tested under tension showed the evolution of macroscopic material properties is similar. This behavior can be connected with the deformation microstructure of the specimen, grain deformation and fragmentation.
Influence of Sintering Time on Properties of Alumina-Based Ceramic Composite
Authors: Lipusz Dóra , Isztli Ákos , Gömze László A.
Published: February 2015

The authors have investigated the influence of sintering time at 1600 °C on microstructure, shrinkage, density, surface hardness and bending strength of Al2O3 based ceramic composites. From the ceramic powder mixes, the specimens were compacted by uniaxial pressing and during sintering the heating gradient was 100 °C/h. The experiments have shown that at 1600°C of sintering temperature, the specimen densifications have almost finished within 5 hours, meanwhile the crystal grows processes were continued for up to 9 hours of sintering. The authors have found that the maximum values of hardness and mechanical bending strength of specimens were obtained at 5 hours of sintering and these values have slowly decreased with increasing the sintering times.
Role of the Physical Simulation for the Estimation of the Weldability of High Strength Steels and Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Lukács János , Kuzsella László , Koncsik Zsuzsanna , Gáspár Marcell , Meilinger Ákos
Published: February 2015

The physical simulation is an ultimate innovative way to develop the welding processes. The paper introduces the connection between weldability and physical simulation, hot-cracking sensibility, the Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical physical simulator, respectively. Four kinds of materials were investigated and different kinds of physical simulation test methods were made such as, identification of the Nil-Strength Temperature (NST), hot tensile tests (on heating and on cooling parts of the welding simulation curve are also investigated). Furthermore, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) tests are being introduced. The future approaches of the research are also exposed.
Prototype of a Human Spinal Disc for Medical Modeling
Authors: Bozzay Melinda , Reiter Martin , Major Zoltán
Published: February 2015

Medical images were generated in computed tomography devices at the medical partner. The medical image format was transformed into engineering data format by the authors and these data were used for printing the macroscopic model of the spine and the spinal disc and subsequently they were assembled. In addition to this macroscopic prototyping process, a novel microstructure based prototyping process was used for generating structure details of the spinal disc. The fiber reinforced and layered structure of the annulus fibrosus was modeled and in a prototype realized using soft and stiff polymeric materials. This method is based on the material microstructure prototyping methodology developed by the research group of the authors.This basic model could be used for medical education, for patient counselling and to support prosthesis development efforts.
Characteristics of Martensitic Transformations Induced by Uni-Axial Tensile Tests in a FeMnCr Steel
Authors: Mertinger Valeria , Nagy Erzsebet , Benke Márton , Tranta Ferenc
Published: February 2015

Austenitic FeMnCr steels have high strength, high toughness and formability because of the stress-and strain-induced γ→α and γ→ε martensitic phase transformations. These are the so-called TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) and TWIP (Twining induced Plasticity) effects. TWIP steels deform by both glide of individual dislocations and mechanical twinning [1]. The type and mechanism of the austenite→martensite transformation depends on the composition, deformation rate and temperature. The ratio and quantity of the resulting phases determine the properties of the product. It is known that austenitic steels can transform into α and/or ε martensite phases during plastic deformation The characteristics of the martensitic transformations induced by uni-axial tensile tests between room temperature and 200°C in a FeMnCr steel with 2,26 w% Cr content were examined. Mechanical properties as, yield stress were determined from tensile tests. Metallographic examinations, quantitative and qualitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction were carried out on the uniformly elongated part of the samples (cross, longitudinal sections).
Necklace Formation during Dynamic Recrystallization of 5182 Aluminium Alloy under Isothermal Compression
Authors: Mikó Tamás
Published: February 2015

Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics of an 5182 Al alloy was investigated at temperatures ranging from 673 K-773 K and constant strain rates of 0.01 s-1, 0.1 s-1, 1 s-1, 10 s-1, and 50 s-1. The average grain size of the as-casted alloy was 160 μm and was refined to 20 μm via deformation at 773 K, 50 s-1 to a strain level of 0.5 (40%). The true stress-strain curves were determined and divided into two main groups based on the temperatures and strain rates. The activation energy of the DRX in the examined aluminum alloys was calculated, being 175,87 kJ/mol. During the crystallization process compound phases were crystallized along the border of initial grains due to the great content of Mg, Mn and Fe. It was deduced from the metallography examination that most of the new grains formed via necklacing mechanism from the mentioned borders during the DRX.
Measuring of Fiber/Matrix Adhesion in Thermoplastic Polymer Composites: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Morlin Bálint , Czigány Tibor
Published: February 2015

The possibilities of the application of microbond test and cylinder tests for determining the interfacial shear strength at the fiber-matrix interface in thermoplastic matrix polymer composites were investigated. Possibilities of test specimen preparation were also investigated. Finally the applicability of the method to make high precision measurement of interfacial shear strength was evaluated.
Chemical Etching of Dental Implant Material
Authors: Nádai Lilla , Katona Bálint , Bognár Eszter
Published: February 2015

In this article we dealt with the development of a new method of chemical etching on dental implant materials, Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium. Certain process creates reproducible homogenous and microrough surface, furthermore improves the reproducibility and productivity for industry appliance. During the research we modified the surface roughness of 2 mm thick samples in a single step of acid etching with a mixture of HF, HNO3and distilled water varying the etching time (15-600 seconds). After the surface treatment we obtained the changes of mass and the surface roughness on both sides of every sample. The resulting surface was examined with stereo-and electron microscopy. Based on our results we can determine a parameter setting where the homogenous and microrough surface is reproducible.
Analysing the Suitability of C16/20-X0v(H)-24-F3 Concrete for Pumping
Authors: Németh Alexandra Kitti , Maros M.B.
Published: February 2015

The current paper introduces a case study dealing with the problem of pumpability of the ready-mix concrete of grade of C16/20-X0v (H)-24-F3 []. During solving a practical industrial problem we have worked out a modified composition of the related concrete material in order to improve the pumpability. After describing some possible theoretical and practical methods the authors give suggestion for a practical solution. The characteristic feature of the method consists in modifying the recipe of the given grade of concrete without altering the additive structure, and to assure the pulp saturation. The paper reports the results of standardised physical and mechanical tests, executed on the novel concrete material. Based on these results it has been proved, that besides solving the original practical problem of pumpability, the new concrete material possesses better application and technological performance, and is more economical to produce.
Investigation of the Effect of Deformation Stored Energy on the Allotropic Transformation Temperature
Authors: Csepeli Zsolt , Bereczki Péter , Verő Balázs , Kardos Ibolya , Szabó Péter János
Published: February 2015

The aim of our investigation was to study the effect of deformation on the start temperature of the austenite-ferrite transformation. The deformation was carried out during cooling before the beginning of the transformation. The transformation start temperature was determined by dilatometric measurement with a Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator. A novel method was developed to study the deformation induced ferrite transformation (DIFT) effect and successful experiments were carried out on S460MC grade steel specimens to determine the effect of the deformation stored energy on the transformation temperature of the austenite. Evaluating the dilatograms a strong relationship was observed between the temperature of the deformation and the austenite transformation start and finish temperatures. Lower deformation temperature resulted finer microstructure after austenite transformation.
Fabrication of Nanopatterns in a-AlOx Thin Films by a Single Laser Pulse
Authors: Szívós János , Serényi M. , Gergely-Fülöp E. , Sáfrán G.
Published: February 2015

Large area ordered nanopatterning of RF sputter deposited amorphous AlOxfilms has been carried out. The technique involves UV laser treatment of the samples through LB films of silica nanospheres. The hexagonal, close packed arrangement of the spheres was projected to the surface due to the laser treatment resulting in ordered structure of pits of ~200 nm diameter and 1,3 nm depth. The samples were caracterized by means of AFM and XTEM. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations.
Chemical Etching of Ultrafine Grained Titanium Surfaces to Optimise Cell Attachment
Authors: Terdik Attila , Nagy Péter , Bognár Eszter , Joób-Fancsaly Árpád , Piffkó József
Published: February 2015

The goal of this research was to create a surface topography that would promote cell attachment onto Ultrafine-grained Grade 2 Titanium. Morphologies that assist the deposition of bone tissue and reduce colonisation by unwelcome bacteria onto dental implant surfaces are created most often by sand-blasting, chemical etching, or these two in combination. Discs of thickness 2 mm from the machined base material were prepared for this study. After machining, the samples were chemically etched. Three etchants were used: 30 % HCl and 85% H3PO4, and the two in combination. The etching temperatures were 20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C, the etching times were 5 minutes and 120 minutes. The surface morphologies of the discs were examined by confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and compared to the machined-only samples as reference values. Samples treated in the 30% HCl solution at 40 °C for 120 minutes and then in the 85 % H3PO4 solution at the same temperature and time altered macro and micromorphology together in ways which assist the attaching of bone.
Cold Rolling Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Al-Killed Steels
Authors: Fábián Enikö Réka , Kótai Áron
Published: February 2015

It have been studied the cold rolling effects on the microstructure of samples prepared from Al-killed low carbon steel sheets with high coiling temperatures. The microstructure of the hot rolled steels sheet is formed from ferrite and large carbides when the coiling temperature is high. The cold rolling affects the steel mechanical and electrochemical properties due to microstructural changes. We have studied the microstructure by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Low angles grain boundaries and the texture of samples were studied by EBSD method.
Comparative Corrosion Study on Silver Coated Metallic Implants
Authors: Furko M. , Lakatos-Varsányi M. , Balázsi Csaba
Published: February 2015

Nanostructured silver layer was deposited by pulse current technique onto three different implant materials-TiAl6V4, CoCrMo alloy and stainless steel–that are commonly used in orthopedic surgery. The electrochemical behavior of the coatings in isotonic salt solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements over a period of several weeks. The corrosion properties of silver coated different implant materials were compared. Degradation of silver coatings have been traced and confirmed by different methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Prospective Tool for the Characterization of the Intermetallic Microstructure of Lead Free Solder
Authors: Hurtony Tamás , Bonyár Attila , Gordon Péter
Published: February 2015

In this study the possibility to apply electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as an alternative method for the characterisation of the intermetallic microstructures of Sn-3.5Ag lead free solder samples was investigated. The aim of the study is to compare the electrochemical impedance spectra of solder samples, reflowed with different heat profiles. A quenching technique was applied in order to solidify the solder samples in cylindrical crucibles. Differences in the microstructures of the solidified alloys were achieved by changing the temperature of the quenching media. The molded and cross sectioned specimens were observed using both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure of the ingots was revealed by selective electrochemical etching. The electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) was measured before and also after the selective etching process. The complex impedance spectra contain information regarding the characterized microstructure. Our aim is to determine quantitative parameters which are identical to the characteristics of the microstructure.
Evaluation of Quenchant’s Cooling and Hardening Performance
Authors: Kerekes Gábor , Kocsisné Baán Mária , Felde Imre
Published: February 2015

One of the most critical parts of the heat treatment process, and usually the least controllable one, is the quenching operation. Improper selection or application of a quenching medium, or a drift in its cooling characteristics during its lifetime, may result in products that do not meet specifications and therefore give rise to large additional costs to cover e.g. straightening, rework, rejection, delayed deliveries and, sometimes, lost goodwill for the heat treater. In the case of the use of aqueous polymer solutions, the thermo-kinetic parameters characterizing the heat removal capabilities of a quenchant, are variable, in a specific interval with a complex combination of temperatures (T), concentrations (C) and agitation rates (AR). When the direction and degree of change is known, the characteristics of heat removal can be efficiently modified and predicted within given limits. The aim of the work described in this paper is to investigate how the hardening power of Houghton AquaQuench BW-T depends on the complex influence and interaction of T, C and AR.