bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A mulher e a educação da criança pequena fora do espaço doméstico: questões e desafios
Authors: Araújo Ana Lúcia Soares da Conceição
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo como um recorte da dissertação defendida em 2007 busca trazer um escopo teórico sobre a política educacional para a criança pequena, trazendo os desdobramentos das lutas travadas pelo movimento feminista, assim como, o Estado como palco de jogos de interesses da sociedade capitalista atua nessa correlação de forças antagônicas para garantir um dos direitos básicos: o direito da criança em creches. Aponta na conclusão que este tema é sempre contemporâneo como forma de resistência e afirmação da mulher e da criança como sujeitos sociais.
Psicologia e educação: um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento do comportamento na infância
Authors: Soares Júlio Ribeiro , Fonseca Gessica Fabiely , Faustino João Victor Da Silva , Bonifácio Samyr Damasceno , Pereira Luiz Roberto Fernandes
Published: December 2019

O artigo discute a concepção de desenvolvimento do comportamento na obra “sobre a questão da dinâmica do caráter infantil”, escrita por Vigotski em 1928, e sua relação com o processo educacional. Realizado a partir de leitura em grupo, o estudo resultou na discussão e sistematização de três eixos: o primeiro, relacionado à concepção naturalizante do caráter; o segundo, aos desafios metodológicos; o terceiro, à mediação do processo educativo. Por fim, discute a formação do caráter como processo mediado pela existência da criança, inclusive no que diz respeito à sua educação.
A orientação materialista na pesquisa da Pós-Graduação em ciências humanas e história: uma proposta de orientaÇão com partido
Authors: Saes Décio Azevedo Marques de
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é defender uma tomada de partido materialista como o único ponto de partida correto para a orientação, em termos efetivamente científicos, da pesquisa de pós-graduação em ciências humanas e em história. A luta ideológica de classes assume, no campo acadêmico, a forma mais geral da luta entre filosofia idealista (conservadora) e filosofia materialista (revolucionária). A tomada de posição materialista implica a adoção, no plano da prática científica, de uma atitude duplamente totalizadora: a) a totalização horizontal (estabelecimento de conexões entre o objeto da pesquisa – um fenômeno específico – e sistemas mais amplos); b) a totalização vertical (reconstrução das fases de desenvolvimento do sistema em que se insere o fenômeno estudado). O materialismo histórico é o sistema teórico que adota essa metodologia duplamente totalizante. O pesquisador materialista deve, enfim, alertar os seus orientados contra o impacto negativo da filosofia idealista sobre a prática científica, e também contra os perigos do ecletismo científico (combinação de teorias idealistas e materialistas), que leva a resultados incongruentes. O ecletismo teórico é, na vida universitária, a mais sofisticada arma da luta ideológica da classe dominante contra a tomada de partido materialista no campo da pesquisa científica.
Civilização ocidental, ideologia colonial e fascismo.
Authors: Fresu Gianni
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre o fascismo e seu significado no contexto dos embates hegemônicos que caracterizam a civilização ocidental. O fascismo se apresenta como o produto histórico do colonialismo e do seu legado ideológico autoritário e racista de dominação. O fascismo resulta da opressão da liberdade individual a fim de intensificar a exploração e a expropriação do trabalho para a acumulação intensiva do capital. Ressaltam-se as características do fascismo das primeiras décadas do século XX e o seu reaparecimento no momento de crise orgânica do capitalismo como um dos recursos de intensificação da exploração dos trabalhadores.
O fascismo, ontem e hoje: denúncias e resistências
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Maria De Fátima
Published: December 2019

Apresenta-se os autores e seus produtos  para esta edição sobre o fascismo.  Também, uma apresentação do tema que leva em conta estudos dos autores clássicos sobre o tema, com destaque para Leandro Konder em sua obra- Introdução ao Fascismo, e a Apresentação de Mauro Iasi. Ainda, as considerações de Atílio Boron e Armando Boito sobre o neofascismo.  
Práticas educativas da capoeira no século XX: reflexões a partir de aspectos biográficos de mestres da arte
Authors: Silva Sammia Castro , Vasconcelos José Gerardo
Published: December 2019

A capoeira, como possibilidade de manifestação recreativa, ginástica, esportiva, artística e/ou sistema de defesa pessoal, possui uma potencialidade educativa que se evidencia pela característica de perpetuação e resistência cultural ao longo dos séculos. A fim de solucionar questionamentos relacionados à gênese dos métodos de ensino dessa prática, torna-se relevante uma análise de natureza qualitativa sobre aspectos da biografia de alguns expoentes da capoeira brasileira do século XX. Para tanto, foram adotados procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa em História, cujo objetivo centrou-se em refletir sobre práticas educativas da capoeira. Priorizou-se a seleção de fontes biográficas primárias que narrassem as histórias de vida de Bimba, Canjiquinha, Cobrinha Verde, Noronha, Pastinha e Waldemar, alguns dos inúmeros capoeiristas baianos que vivenciaram o início do processo de valorização social e de institucionalização da capoeira no século passado. Foram utilizadas as obras de: Abreu (2003), Almeida (1994), Canjiquinha (1989), Coutinho (1993), Pastinha (1960), Polak, Santana e Araújo (2011) e Santos (1991). A reflexão foi estimulada através do levantamento de informações sobre o início do aprendizado, concepção de capoeira, narrativas do ensino propriamente dito e possíveis correlações com aspectos de economia e de gênero. De acordo com essas categorias de análise, promoveu-se um direcionamento à compreensão do contexto histórico educacional que envolveu o processo de afirmação social dessa prática.
Incentivo à cultura surda nos processos educacionais: experiência visual e desenvolvimento linguístico em foco
Authors: Dorziat Ana , Romário Lucas , Morais Maiane Machado de , Carvalho Luzenice Simey Macedo de
Published: December 2019

Este artigo analisa práticas pedagógicas de professoras surdas que atuam com alunos/as surdos/as em escolas públicas regulares de João Pessoa-PB. Com base nos Estudos Surdos, evidenciamos as produções culturais que emergem de suas experiências visuais, materializadas na língua e identidades surdas. Para tanto, fizemos observações e entrevistas com três professoras surdas que desenvolviam o Atendimento Educacional Especializado, nas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais, espaço onde consideramos que as interações entre pessoas surdas (docente-discente) ocorriam mais diretamente. Das situações pedagógicas e narrativas das professoras surdas, destacamos elementos, como: a experiência visual e o desenvolvimento linguístico. As análises mostraram que é possível a construção de processos pedagógicos que unam a educação e a cultura surda, desde que os artefatos desta sejam considerados e haja suporte para o adensamento de processos educacionais que empreendam esforço para trazer a diferença para o centro do processo. Esse é o caminho para a escola se tornar, realmente, mais inclusiva.
Microstructural Characterization of Mechanically Alloyed FeCoNiMnV High Entropy Alloy Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Alijani Fatemeh , Reihanian Mohsen , Gheisari Khalil , Yuasa Motohiro , Miyamoto Hiroyuki
Published: December 2019

The microstructure and phase evolution of the mechanically alloyed FeCoNiMnV high entropy alloy during spark plasma sintering are examined. The milled powders are sintered at different temperatures ranging between 500 °C and 1000 °C. A multiphase structure is produced during the sintering process. The produced alloy experiences different types of decompositions and phase formations as the sintering temperature is raised. During sintering at different temperatures, the body centered cubic and face centered cubic (FCC) phases are transformed to new FCC and tetragonal phases. According to the results, V does not show the tendency to dissolve into the structure and the tetragonal phases, mainly composed of V and Mn, tending to be formed in addition to the FCC solid solution. Sintering at 900 °C results in the grain size of about 220 nm, attaining the highest hardness of about 450 HV. The sintered alloy at 1000 °C shows the highest relative density (about 98%) with an average grain size of about 580 nm. The phase formation is predicted and evaluated by different criteria, and the consistency between the theoretical and experimental results is explained.
Nanocomposite Polymer Scaffolds Responding under External Stimuli for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Mertz Damien , Harlepp Sébastien , Goetz Jacky , Bégin Dominique , Schlatter Guy , Bégin‐Colin Sylvie , Hébraud Anne
Published: December 2019

The blossoming development of nanomaterials and polymer science has opened the way toward new biocompatible scaffolds responding remotely to external stimuli (magnetic field, light, electric field). Such smart scaffolds are envisioned as new implantable tissues displaying multiple therapeutic and imaging functionalities. They hold great promises to achieve a controlled delivery of therapeutics for various diseases, or to ensure a stimuli‐induced cellular response for bone, cardiac, or muscle tissue engineering.
Eliminating Dendrites through Dynamically Engineering the Forces Applied during Li Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Ren Lingxiao , Wang Aoxuan , Zhang Xinyue , Li Guojie , Liu Xingjiang , Luo Jiayan
Published: December 2019

Lithium metal anodes are considered the most promising anode for next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, intractable barriers, especially the notorious dendrite growth, severe volume expansion, and side reactions, have obstructed its large‐scale application. Numerous strategies from different points of view are explored to surmount these obstacles. Within these efforts, dynamically engineering the forces applied during the electrochemical process plays a significant role, as they can potentially eliminate the dendrite growth. In this Research News article, the relationship between different kinds of forces and the behavior of Li+/Li during the lithium deposition process is first explicated. Advanced strategies in building dendrite‐free Li anodes through dynamically engineering these forces are also summarized by sorting the Li deposition process into three stages: Li+ transport in electrolyte, Li+ reduction/Li atom surface migration, and Li bulk diffusion. Future perspectives and promising research directions for dendrite control are finally proposed. It is expected that dynamically engineering the forces applied during Li deposition will pave the way for next‐generation high‐energy‐density rechargeable Li metal batteries.
Interfacial energy for solutions of nanoparticles, surfactants, and electrolytes
Authors: Olayiwola Saheed O. , Dejam Morteza
Published: December 2019

The addition of surfactants to modify the surface property of nanoparticles (NPs) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic also enhances their interfacial properties. Several approaches were previously proposed to calculate the surface tension/interfacial tension (IFT) for different systems in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes. However, most of these approaches are indirect and require several measured parameters. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed here to calculate the surface tension/IFT for these systems. The developed model takes into account the cohesive energy due to the interaction of the surfactant CH2 groups, the electric double layer effect due to the interaction among the ions of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes, and the dipole–dipole interaction of NPs and electrolytes. The developed model is compared and validated with the laboratory experimental data in literature. The results reveal further understanding of the mechanisms involved in stabilization of oil/water emulsion in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes.
“They Dumped Me Like Trash”: The Social and Psychological Toll of Victimization on Latino Day Laborers' Lives
Authors: Negi Nalini Junko , Siegel Jennifer , Calderon Marilyn , Thomas Emilie , Valdez Avelardo
Published: December 2019

Highlights

Latino day laborers are vulnerable to crime victimization in new immigrant settlement cities.

Victimization led to sociocultural alienation, despair or desesperación, and problem drinking.

Findings highlight the intersection of structural vulnerability, violence, and mental health.
Development of a PDEδ‐Targeting PROTACs that Impair Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Winzker Michael , Friese Alexandra , Koch Uwe , Janning Petra , Ziegler Slava , Waldmann Herbert
Published: December 2019

The prenyl‐protein chaperone PDEδ modulates the localization of lipidated proteins in the cell, but current knowledge about its biological function is limited. Small‐molecule inhibitors that target the PDEδ prenyl‐binding site have proven invaluable in the analysis of biological processes mediated by PDEδ, like KRas cellular trafficking. However, allosteric inhibitor release from PDEδ by the Arl2/3 GTPases limits their application. We describe the development of new proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that efficiently and selectively reduce PDEδ levels in cells through induced proteasomal degradation. Application of the PDEδ PROTACs increased sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)‐mediated gene expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, which was accompanied by elevated levels of cholesterol precursors. This finding for the first time demonstrates that PDEδ function plays a role in the regulation of enzymes of the mevalonate pathway.
Rapid and Large‐Scale Production of Multi‐Fluorescence Carbon Dots by a Magnetic Hyperthermia Method
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Cheng Rui , Ling Luting , Li Qing , Chen Su
Published: December 2019

The intrinsic low yield of carbon dots (CDs) is a barrier that limits practical application. Now, a magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) method is used to synthesize fluorescent CDs on a large scale (up to 85 g) in one hour (yield ca. 60 %). The reaction process is intensified by MHT since the efficient heating system enhances the energy transfer. CDs with blue, green, and yellow luminescence are synthesized by using carbamide and citrate with three different cations (Zn2+, Na+, K+), respectively. The CDs exhibit bright fluorescence under UV light and show excellent monodispersity and solubility in water. The alternation of photoluminescence (PL) emissions of these CDs is probably due to the difference in particle sizes and surface state. A bar coating technique is used to construct large‐area emissive polymer/CDs films. CDs can insert themselves into the polymer chains by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Wound healing efficiency can be enhanced by the Zn‐CDs/PCL nanofibrous scaffold.
Finite‐time reliable dissipative control of neutral‐type switched artificial neural networks with non‐linear fault inputs and randomly occurring uncertainties
Authors: Saravanakumar Thangavel , Nirmala Veerappan Jayakannu , Raja Ramachandran , Cao Jinde , Lu Guoping
Published: December 2019

This work reports the result of finite‐time reliable dissipative control for switched neutral‐type based neural networks subject to input nonlinearities, time‐delay and randomly occurring perturbations. In particular, a novel control model consist of both linear and non‐linear fault inputs is designed for reliable control. In addition, randomly occurring uncertainty caused by stochastic variables satisfying the Bernoulli distribution is considered. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, Jensen's integral inequality technique and average dwell time method, sufficient criteria for finite‐time boundedness of resulting neural networks are obtained. Furthermore, the obtained boundedness theory are enhanced to solve the finite‐time dissipative problem of the considered systems through reliable control against mixed actuator failures. The obtained sufficient conditions are constructed in the form of linear matrix inequalities, which can be facilitated by using some standard numerical Matlab packages. At last, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the considered theory.
An average optimal control approach to the set stabilization problem for boolean control networks
Authors: Gao Jinwu , Lin Sida , Fan Jixiang , Hu Yunfeng
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses the set stabilization problem for deterministic Boolean control networks (BCNs). An optimal control approach is investigated to solve the problems by using the semi‐tensor product of matrices, where a policy iteration algorithm for the set stabilization problem is deduced. Finally, the intervention problem of a cAMP receptor protein is addressed in the framework of the set stabilization problem. The problem is solved to validate the effectiveness of the proposed policy iteration approach for a practical application.
Preparation of a Self‐Supported SiO2 Membrane as a Separator for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kyeremateng Neil Amponsah , Gukte Dion , Ferch Marc , Buk Jan , Hrebicek Tomas , Hahn Robert
Published: December 2019

For the first time, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been employed to prepare a self‐supported, inorganic membrane consisting of SiO2 nano‐fibers, as a separator for lithium‐ion batteries. The SiO2 nano‐fibers that were fabricated by a low‐cost force spinning technique were deposited by EPD directly onto LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material. Citric acid charging agent and anhydrous acetone solvent were used. The resulting porosity and tortuosity of the EPD SiO2 separator were 71.42 %, and 1.70, respectively. The slightly higher tortuosity of the EPD‐SiO2‐fiber separator (60 μm) led to a lower rate capability in comparison to commercial GF/A glass fiber separator (260 μm). On the other hand, the latter exhibited lower self‐discharge than the former in full‐cells with a graphite anode; this is proposed to be related to the different purities of the two materials that impart different electronic properties or the presence of 20 wt % PVDF in the EPD‐SiO2 separator. Indeed, the deposited membrane has good characteristics as a battery separator and the EPD process is extremely feasible for the fabrication of miniaturized lithium‐ion batteries on wafer level.
Mitigating skilled labor scarcity through corporate social responsibility program: Lessons from a large company in Indonesia
Authors: Bhinekawati Risa , Bradly Andrew
Published: December 2019

Scarcity of skilled labor is one of the daunting issues for companies operating in developing economies. This study explores the role of a corporation in solving the issue of skilled labor scarcity by fully financing and operating one of the best manufacturing polytechnics in Indonesia since 1995. It compares a theoretical framework on the linkages between responsible leadership, CSR, social capital, and corporate sustainability with the CSR practices of one of the largest publicly‐listed corporations in Indonesia. This study applies a case study approach to investigate why and how corporate leaders invest in CSR programs that contribute to social capital development and corporate sustainability. It finds that company's long‐term CSR investment in providing higher vocational education in manufacturing has a developed sustainable supply of skilled labors that contributes to the sustainability of the company. The study clarifies the actual relationships between responsible leadership, CSR, social capital, and corporate sustainability in the context of a developing country. The conceptual model from this study can be replicated by corporations operating in emerging markets, where they are expected to not only generate profit but also contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
Insertional tagging of the Scheffersomyces stipitis gene HEM25 involved in regulation of glucose and xylose alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Berezka Krzysztof , Semkiv Marta , Borbuliak Mariia , Blomqvist Johanna , Linder Tomas , Ruchała Justyna , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Passoth Volkmar , Sibirny Andriy
Published: December 2019

Amid known microbial bioethanol producers, the yeast Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis is particularly promising in terms of alcoholic fermentation of both glucose and xylose, the main constituents of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates. However, the ethanol yield and productivity, especially from xylose, are still insufficient to meet the requirements of a feasible industrial technology; therefore, the construction of more efficient S. stipitis ethanol producers is of great significance. The aim of this study was to isolate the insertional mutants of S. stipitis with altered ethanol production from glucose and xylose and to identify the disrupted gene(s). Mutants obtained by random insertional mutagenesis were screened for their growth abilities on solid media with different sugars and for resistance to 3‐bromopyruvate. Of more than 1,300 screened mutants, 17 were identified to have significantly changed ethanol yields during the fermentation. In one of the best fermenting strains (strain 4.6), insertion was found to occur within the ORF of a homolog to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene HEM25 (YDL119C), encoding a mitochondrial glycine transporter required for heme synthesis. The role of HEM25 in heme accumulation, respiration, and alcoholic fermentation in the yeast S. stipitis was studied using strain 4.6, the complementation strain Comp—a derivative from the 4.6 strain with expression of the WT HEM25 allele and the deletion strain hem25Δ. As hem25Δ produced lower amounts of ethanol than strain 4.6, we assume that the phenotype of strain 4.6 may be caused not only by HEM25 disruption but additionally by some point mutation.
Hollow Structure VS2@Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Architecture for Enhanced Sodium‐Ion Battery Performance
Authors: Qi Haimei , Wang Lina , Zuo Tiantian , Deng Shunlan , Li Qi , Liu Zong‐Huai , Hu Peng , He Xuexia
Published: December 2019

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Xuexia He from Shaanxi Normal University (China). The cover picture shows the synthesis of VS2 hollow flower spheres and its conductive composite materials. It could provide an important new synthetic avenue for future battery and renewable energy applications. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201901626.
Sidechain Diversification of Grandifloracin Allows Identification of Analogues with Enhanced Anti‐Austerity Activity against Human PANC‐1 Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Alexander Benjamin E. , Sun Sijia , Palframan Matthew J. , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Dibwe Dya Fita , Watanabe Shiro , Caggiano Lorenzo , Awale Suresh , Lewis Simon E.
Published: December 2019

The natural product (+)‐grandifloracin is a potent “anti‐austerity” agent, able to suppress the ability of various pancreatic cancer cell lines to tolerate conditions of nutrient deprivation. Such anti‐austerity agents represent a promising approach to cancer chemotherapy. Here we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of racemic analogues of grandifloracin bearing diverse sidechains, of which two show enhanced potency in comparison with the natural product. Additionally, several unexpected by‐products containing modifications of the grandifloracin core were isolated, identified and similarly evaluated for biological activity.
Electrostatic Repulsion Controls Efficiency of Cu‐Free Click‐Reaction with Azide‐Modified Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Ranishenka Bahdan , Ulashchik Egor , Radchanka Aliaksandra , Shmanai Vadim , Artemyev Mikhail
Published: December 2019

Determination of factors influencing the efficiency of conjugation of various molecules with colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is an important step toward their biomedical application. We have utilized controlled strain promoted [3+2] azid‐alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) as an instrument for studying the influence of charge interaction between QDs and molecules on the efficiency of their conjugation. Azide‐modified polymer‐encapsulated core‐shell CdSe/ZnS QDs, bicyclononyne(BCN)‐modified JOE dye and BCN‐BHQ1(Black Hole Quencher 1)‐modified oligonucleotide duplex were used as model objects for conjugation. Strong surface negative charge of carboxylic QDs was shown to suppress efficient conjugation with negatively charged dsDNA or JOE dye (2′,7′‐dimethoxy‐4′,5′‐dichloro‐fluorescein) molecules. Utilization of zwitter‐ionic QDs with reduced surface charge allows significantly enhance the efficiency of QDs conjugation with dsDNA.
Controllable Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) for Energy‐Storage Applications
Authors: Li Xue Liang , Li Tian Chen , Huang Shaozhuan , Zhang Jian , Pam Mei Er , Yang Hui Ying
Published: December 2019

Lamellar molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted a wide range of research interests in recent years because of its two‐dimensional layered structure, ultrathin thickness, large interlayer distance, adjustable band gap, and capability to form different crystal structures. These special characteristics and high anisotropy have made MoS2widely applicable in energy storage and harvesting. In this Minireview, a systematic and comprehensive introduction to MoS2, as well as its composites, is presented. It is aimed to summarize the various synthetic methods of MoS2‐based composites and their application in energy‐storage devices (lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors) in detail. Based on recent studies, this Minireview provides important and comprehensive guidelines for further study and development efforts in the MoS2in energy‐storage field.
Hydrology and water quality factors driving spatiotemporal analyses of zoobenthos in a pilot city in China
Authors: Zhao Changsen , Pan Xu , Wang Xuelian , Shao Nanfang , Sun Changlei , Zhang Yuan
Published: December 2019

In water ecosystems, zoobenthos are one of the most important communities. Maintenance of healthy zoobenthos community is essential for water ecosystems remediation. Understanding the hydrology and water quality factors that drive the variation of zoobenthos is the priority for water ecosystems remediation. The present study used canonical correlation analysis to select the main habitat factors affecting zoobenthic communities based on field sampling of the river zoobenthos in the first pilot city for the construction of civilized water ecosystems in China—Jinan City. In addition, analysis was performed based on geoscience methods of Global Moran's I and Anselin local Moran's I spatial autocorrelation of main habitats factors. The results show that the key water quality physical factors affecting Jinan City zoobenthic communities were pH and conductivity; the key water quality chemical factors were K+, Na+, and permanganate index; and the key hydrological factor was water depth. The sodium ions and conductivity exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation in all seasons. And the regions exhibiting spatial autocorrelation were generally stable. Moreover, the characteristics of benthic animals are closely related to human activities of domestic sewage discharge in the central and agricultural activities in northern parts of the study area. All methods in this paper can be extended to the researches on other communities, for example, algae, zooplankton, and fish in water ecosystems. The methods and results in the paper can provide significant references for managers to protect and restore degraded water ecosystems in global water.
Transcription factor binding at Ig enhancers is linked to somatic hypermutation targeting
Authors: Dinesh Ravi K. , Barnhill Benjamin , Ilanges Anoj , Wu Lizhen , Michelson Daniel A. , Senigl Filip , Alinikula Jukka , Shabanowitz Jeffrey , Hunt Donald F. , Schatz David G.
Published: December 2019

Secondary diversification of the Ig repertoire occurs through somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion (GCV), and class switch recombination (CSR)—three processes that are initiated by activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID). AID targets Ig genes at orders of magnitude higher than the rest of the genome, but the basis for this specificity is poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that enhancers and enhancer‐like sequences from Ig genes are capable of stimulating SHM of neighboring genes in a capacity distinct from their roles in increasing transcription. Here, we use an in vitro proteomics approach to identify E‐box, MEF2, Ets, and Ikaros transcription factor family members as potential binders of these enhancers. ChIP assays in the hypermutating Ramos B cell line confirmed that many of these factors bound the endogenous Igλ enhancer and/or the IgH intronic enhancer (Eμ) in vivo. Further investigation using SHM reporter assays identified binding sites for E2A and MEF2B in Eμ and demonstrated an association between loss of factor binding and decreases in the SHM stimulating activity of Eμ mutants. Our results provide novel insights into trans‐acting factors that dictate SHM targeting and link their activity to specific DNA binding sites within Ig enhancers.
Numerical simulation of particulate suspension transport and permeability impairment in an actual rough fracture under normal stresses
Authors: Zhu Baiyu , Tang Hongming , Zhao Feng , Tang Haoxuan
Published: December 2019

The transportation and capture of particulate suspension in a rough fracture are widely encountered in hydrocarbon exploitation. According to a full review of the literature, traditional studies mainly focus on the placement and settlement of coarse particles such as proppants and lost circulation materials. Furthermore, a fracture is often considered to be equivalent to smooth parallel plates, whereas actual fractures are roughly walled with microconvex and are affected by normal stresses. The particulate suspension transport mechanism in a fracture under different normal stresses is still unclear. This paper proposes an approach to evaluate the permeability impairment caused by size‐exclusion of solid particles in a fracture under different normal stresses. The morphology of fracture flow space under different normal stresses is obtained by using optical scanning and FEM. Furthermore, the unresolved CFD‐DEM method is used to study the mechanism of the capture and migration of the particulate suspension in a fracture. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the effects of the particle size, particle concentration, injected particle volume, fracture occurrence, and applied pressure on particle invasion are discussed.
The impact of hydrograph variability and frequency on sediment transport dynamics in a gravel‐bed flume
Authors: Plumb Ben D. , Juez Carmelo , Annable William K. , McKie Chris W. , Franca Mario J.
Published: December 2019

A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate how changes in flow regime and hydrograph shape (number of cycled hydrographs and duration of each hydrograph) together impact bedload transport and resulting bed morphology. Three hydrologic conditions (experiments) representing different levels of urbanization, or analogously different flow regimes, were derived from measured hydrometric field data. Each experiment consisted of a series of hydrographs with equal peak discharge and varying frequency, duration and flashiness. Bedload transport was measured throughout each hydrograph and measurements of bed topography and surface texture were recorded after each hydrograph. The results revealed hysteresis loops in both the total and fractional transport, with more pronounced loops for longer duration hydrographs, corresponding to lower rate of unsteadiness until reaching the peak discharge (pre‐urbanization conditions). Shorter duration hydrographs (urban conditions) displayed more time above critical shear stress thresholds leading to higher bedload transport rates and ultimately to more variable hysteresis patterns. Surface textures from photographic methods revealed surface armoring in all experiments, with larger armor ratios for longer duration hydrographs, speculated to be due to vertical sorting and more time for bed rearrangements to occur. The direction of bed surface adjustment was linked to bedload hysteresis, more precisely with clockwise hysteresis (longer hydrographs) typically resulting in bed coarsening. More frequent and shorter duration hydrographs result in greater relative channel adjustments in slope, topographic variability and surface texture. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Who We Are: Findings from the American Evaluation Association's Independent Consulting Topical Interest Group 2015 Decennial Survey
Authors: Jarosewich Tania , Feldmann Matthew L. , Martínez‐Rubin Norma , Clark Nicole
Published: December 2019

The Independent Consulting Topical Interest Group (IC TIG) of the American Evaluation Association (AEA) supports its members, who conduct evaluations as sole proprietors, in partnerships, or in consulting firms. To understand member needs, the IC TIG has conducted three surveys, the first in 1991 and the second in 2004. This chapter summarizes and compares the findings from the third IC TIG survey, administered in 2015, to the previous survey results. The findings yield information about types of businesses and business operations; areas of work; business development strategies; and interests, concerns, and needs of IC TIG members. The survey results provide information for independent consultants to understand the landscape of evaluation consulting and reflect on their own practices and strategies. Survey results also guide IC TIG leaders in their support of members' business and research practices.
Consulting After 50: Redirection and Reinvention for Career Evaluators
Authors: Barrington Gail Vallance
Published: December 2019

This chapter provides insight into why mature evaluators may select independent consulting as a midcareer choice. Intensive interviews were conducted with thirteen evaluators over age of 50 years who had considered making, or made, a transition to independent practice. External factors like politics, perceptions about evaluation, organizational issues, and personal factors like skills, experience, and personal characteristics are discussed. Study participants recalled the benefits and risks they considered in making their consulting decision as well as the influential strategies and factors that helped make their transition a success. Career outcomes and participants’ views about their personal and professional reinvention and redirection are explored. Conclusions are provided about the importance of an individual's life stage in this career change process.
Effect of microwave sterilization on maturation time and quality of low‐salt sufu
Authors: Fan Xuejing , Lv Xuepeng , Meng Li , Ai Mingzhi , Li Chunqiu , Teng Fei , Feng Zhen
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to reduce the microorganism number and salt content in pehtze by microwave sterilization. The maturation time and quality of low‐salt sufu were evaluated. The microorganism inactivation rate, moisture content and water activity of the pehtze, which was used for the growth of the starter culture, showed that 4,250 W for 30 s was suitable for the preparation of low‐salt sufu. With regard to the physicochemical properties of sufu, 120‐day sufu samples obtained by traditional high‐salt (14%) fermentation and 75‐day sufu samples obtained by low‐salt (4%) fermentation met the standard requirements. With regard to the sensory characteristics of sufu, the taste and after taste scores of 75‐day low‐salt sufu samples were significantly higher than those of 120‐day high‐salt sufu samples (p < .05).The overall acceptance score of low‐salt sufu samples also was higher than that of high‐salt sufu samples. The contents of free amino acids and the profiles of typical flavor compounds partly explained the sensory quality and shorter ripening time of sufu manufactured. The total biogenic amine contents were reduced by 46%.
Stability analysis between two concentric rotating cylinders with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Awasthi Mukesh K. , Agarwal Shivam
Published: December 2019

The stability of the liquid/vapor interface between two concentric revolving cylinders is examined. The transfer of heat/mass is allowed at the interface. Both the cylinders rotate with different angular velocities. The fluids inside the annular region are taken as incompressible and viscous. The theory of viscous potential flow analysis is used to add the viscous effects. The normal mode technique is used to calculate the growth of perturbations. If we rotate the inner cylinder, it is seen that asymmetric disturbances have a destabilizing character at the interface but the rotation of the outer cylinder has a stabilizing effect. We found that an asymmetric disturbance destabilizes the interface if the inner cylinder rotates. It is found that the arrangement gets destabilized on rotating of the inner cylinder but rotation of the outer cylinder induces stability, and the most stable case is found when the inner cylinder is stationary and the outer cylinder is rotating.
Genetically Decreased Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Osteoporosis Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Keller-Baruch Julyan , Forgetta Vincenzo , Manousaki Despoina , Zhou Sirui , Richards J Brent
Published: December 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for bone formation and has been associated with osteoporosis in humans. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to test whether genetically decreased circulating VEGF was associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of fracture. Summary statistics from a genomewide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of circulating VEGF level (n = 16,112) were used to identify 10 genetic variants explaining up to 52% of the variance in circulating VEGF levels. GWAS meta-analyses on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived BMD of forearm, lumbar spine, and femoral neck (n = up to 32,735) and BMD estimated from heel calcaneus ultrasound (eBMD) (n = 426,824) were used to assess the effect of genetically lowered circulating VEGF levels on BMD. A GWAS meta-analysis including a total of 76,549 cases and 470,164 controls was used to assess the effect of genetically lowered circulating VEGF levels on risk of fracture. A natural log-transformed pg/mL decrease in circulating VEGF levels was not associated with a decrease in forearm BMD (0.02 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.024 to 0.064, p = 0.38), lumbar spine BMD (−0.005 SD, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.019, p = 0.67), femoral neck BMD (0.004 SD, 95% CI −0.017 to 0.026, p = 0.68), eBMD (−0.006 SD, 95% CI −0.012 to −0.001, p = 0.031) or risk of fracture (odds ratio = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.0, p = 0.37) in inverse-variance–weighted Mendelian randomization analyses. Sensitivity analyses did not provide evidence that our results were influenced by pleiotropy. Genetically lowered circulating VEGF was not associated with a decrease in BMD or increased risk of fracture, suggesting that efforts to influence circulating VEGF level are unlikely to have beneficial effects on osteoporosis outcomes and that previous observational associations of circulating VEGF with BMD were influenced by confounding or reverse causation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Machine learning classifiers for attributing tephra to source volcanoes: an evaluation of methods for Alaska tephras
Authors: Bolton Matthew S. M. , Jensen Britta J. L. , Wallace Kristi , Praet Nore , Fortin David , Kaufman Darrell , De Batist Marc
Published: December 2019

Glass composition‐based correlations of volcanic ash (tephra) traditionally rely on extensive manual plotting. Many previous statistical methods for testing correlations are limited by using geochemical means, masking diagnostic variability. We suggest that machine learning classifiers can expedite correlation, quickly narrowing the list of likely candidates using well‐trained models. Eruptives from Alaska's Aleutian Arc‐Alaska Peninsula and Wrangell volcanic field were used as a test environment for 11 supervised classification algorithms, trained on nearly 2000 electron probe microanalysis measurements of glass major oxides, representing 10 volcanic sources. Artificial neural networks and random forests were consistently among the top‐performing learners (accuracy and kappa > 0.96). Their combination as an average ensemble effectively improves their performance. Using this combined model on tephras from Eklutna Lake, south‐central Alaska, showed that predictions match traditional methods and can speed correlation. Although classifiers are useful tools, they should aid expert analysis, not replace it. The Eklutna Lake tephras are mostly from Redoubt Volcano. Besides tephras from known Holocene‐active sources, Holocene tephra geochemically consistent with Pleistocene Emmons Lake Volcanic Center (Dawson tephra), but from a yet unknown source, is evident. These tephras are mostly anchored by a highly resolved varved chronology and represent new important regional stratigraphic markers.
Synthesis of Heterobifunctional Thiol‐poly(lactic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐hydroxyl for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Pagels Robert F. , Pinkerton Nathalie M. , York Adam W. , Prud'homme Robert K.
Published: December 2019

Biocompatible, amphiphilic block copolymers, such as poly(lactic acid)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA‐b‐PEG), that can be conjugated to targeting ligands, therapeutics, and imaging agents are required for the development of polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Synthesis of targetable, heterobifunctional X‐PLA‐b‐PEG‐Y has required the use of heterobifunctional PEG, which involves specialty equipment to synthesize and is expensive to purchase. Herein, a new method for the synthesis of bifunctional HS‐PLA‐b‐PEG‐OH is described. The approach takes advantage of polymer solution properties to improve a critical purification step, and uses inexpensive and readily available PEG‐diol as a starting material. In the method demonstrated here, the ring‐opening polymerization of PLA is initiated by both ends of a cleavable bifunctional initiator. PEG is conjugated to each PLA end, resulting in a high molecular weight intermediate which is simple to purify from the excess PEG, with recoveries that are nearly three times higher than when a monofunctional initiator is used. Following purification, the triblock copolymer is cleaved to produce the final HS‐PLA‐b‐PEG‐OH product, in which both polymer ends are reactive. Moreover, the polymers successfully stabilize nanoparticles produced by Flash NanoPrecipitation. Importantly, the synthesis method can be adopted by non‐polymer experts.
Sensorimotor experiences in servicescapes predict attitude formation through memory dynamics: A longitudinal study
Authors: Reitsamer Bernd F. , Streicher Mathias C. , Teichmann Karin
Published: December 2019

In a longitudinal study design with three waves, we show that strong sensorimotor associations of past service experiences positively influence consumers' attitude formation during postconsumption stages by (a) leading to more postconsumptive memories, specifically if (b) the initial experience has been perceived as moderately positive. Our study complements extant research on sensory marketing, consumer retrospection, and cognitive reinforcement by introducing memory frequency as an important mediator to explain time‐related antecedents of consumers' word‐of‐mouth. The results provide novel insights into the dynamics of attitude formation based on prior service experiences and help marketers to create long‐lasting customer relationships during postconsumption stages.
Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Directly Influences the Cortical Excitability of the Motor Cortex in Parkinsonian Mice
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Yan Jiaqing , Wang Xingrang , Yuan Yi , Li Xiaoli
Published: December 2019

Background

Low‐intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation is a new noninvasive brain modulation method with high spatial resolution and high penetration depth. However, until now, it was unclear whether transcranial ultrasound stimulation has a significant effect on PD.

Objectives

In order to evaluate the effect of transcranial ultrasound stimulation on PD.

Methods

We used transcranial ultrasound stimulation to modulate parkinsonian‐related activity in mice administered MPTP and recorded local field potentials in the motor cortex before and after ultrasound stimulation. We analyzed neuronal oscillatory activity known to be relevant to the pathophysiology of PD.

Results

After ultrasound stimulation, mean power intensity in the beta band (13–30 Hz) significantly decreased, and the phase‐amplitude coupling strength between the beta and high gamma (55–100 Hz) bands and between the beta and ripple (100–200 Hz) bands also became significantly weaker.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that ultrasonic neuromodulation can significantly decrease parkinsonian‐related activity in mice administered MPTP. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Climate indices to characterize climatic changes across southern Canada
Authors: Wazneh Hussein , Arain M. Altaf , Coulibaly Paulin
Published: December 2019

The present study analyses the impacts of past and future climate change on extreme weather events for southern parts of Canada from 1981 to 2100. A set of precipitation and temperature‐based indices were computed using the downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) multi‐model ensemble projections at 8 km resolution over the 21st Century for two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results show that this region is expected to experience stronger warming and a higher increase in precipitation extremes in future. Generally, projected changes in minimum temperature will be greater than changes in maximum temperature, as shown by respective indices. A decrease in frost days and an increase in warm nights will be expected. By 2100 there will be no cool nights and cool days. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures will increase by 12 and 7°C, respectively, under the RCP8.5 scenario, when compared with the reference period 1981–2000. The highest warming in minimum temperature and decrease in cool nights and days will occur in Ontario and Quebec provinces close to the Great Lakes and Hudson Bay. The highest warming in maximum temperature will occur in the southern parts of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Annual total precipitation is expected to increase by about 16% and the occurrence of heavy precipitation events by five days. The highest increase in annual total precipitation will occur in the northern parts of Ontario and Quebec and in western British Columbia.
Bifurcations of a Leslie‐Gower prey‐predator system with ratio‐dependent Holling IV functional response and prey harvesting
Authors: Yao Yong
Published: December 2019

The dynamics of a Leslie‐Gower prey‐predator system with ratio‐dependent Holling IV functional response and constant harvesting rate of prey are taken into account. The results developed in this article reveal far richer dynamics compared with the system without harvesting. We first make qualitative and bifurcation analysis of the system without harvesting and show that the system has a weak focus of multiplicity at most 2, at which a Hopf bifurcation occurs. However, the system with harvesting has four nonhyperbolic equilibria for some parameter values, such as two saddle‐node, a cusp, and a weak focus of multiplicity at most 4, and exhibits two saddle‐node bifurcations, a Bogdanov‐Takens bifurcation of codimension 2, and a Hopf bifurcation. It reveals that there exist some critical harvesting values such that the species are in danger of extinction when the harvesting rate is greater than the critical values, which indicates that the dynamics of the system are sensitive to the constant prey harvesting. Moreover, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.