bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ruch spółdzielczy w energetyce. Nowe trendy w energetyce lokalnej
Authors: Szyrski Mariusz
Published: December 2021

Ruch spółdzielczy odegrał znaczącą rolę w napędzaniu wzrostu i podnoszeniu konkurencyjności gospodarki oraz wspierał europejskie wartości solidarności, samorządności i demokracji. W ostatnich latach idea spółdzielczości związana jest z energetyką lokalną – europejską oraz polską. Decentralizacja energetyki idąca w kierunku wytwarzania energii na poziomie społeczności lokalnych – dzięki niesamowitemu rozwojowi nowych technologii w energetyce odnawialnej staje się dziś w Europie Zachodniej standardem. Trendy te widoczne są również od jakiegoś czasu w Polsce. Niestety, w polskich warunkach instytucja spółdzielni, w tym energetycznej, kojarzy się negatywnie – w związku z okresem PRL. Głównym pytaniem badawczym, wokół którego toczyć się będą rozważania w tym artykule, będzie pytanie – dlaczego mimo istnienia podstawy prawnej z 2016 roku w Polsce spółdzielnie energetyczne jednak nie powstają. W artykule tym analizie zostanie poddana regulacja prawna odnosząca się do funkcjonowania spółdzielni energetycznej, mając na uwadze obecny jej status w prawie energetycznym.
Zasada trójpodziału władzy a tak zwane specustawy inwestycyjne konkretnego celu – refleksje w przedmiocie granic pomiędzy stanowieniem a stosowaniem prawa
Authors: Pawłowski Sławomir
Published: December 2021

W artykule poruszano problematykę coraz bardziej powszechnego uchwalania tzw. jednorazowych specustaw inwestycyjnych, która to początkowa sporadyczna praktyka sięgania po te wyjątkowe środki nabrała ostatnimi czasy dynamiki (Centralny Port Komunikacyjny, przekop Mierzei Wiślanej itp.) Uchwalanie takich ustaw jest konfrontowane z zasadą trójpodziału władzy, która jest organicznie powiązana z wolnościowym statusem jednostki i jej ewentualnymi naruszeniami. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano teza, że ustawy normujące realizacje wskazanych inwestycji nie spełniają cechy abstrakcyjności. Zawierają one normy generalno-konkretne stanowiące domenę egzekutywy, a nie legislatywy i w konsekwencji bliżej im do ogólnych aktów stosowania prawa (generalnych aktów administracyjnych) niż do aktów normatywnych. Ich uchwalanie może zatem stanowić przejaw nadużycia prawa, gdyż realizacja takich inwestycji w tym trybie narusza między innymi prawo do sądu. W opracowaniu w istotnej części wykorzystano metodę prawnoporównawczą, w szczególności orzeczenia czeskiego sądu konstytucyjnego, który dwukrotnie zanegował możliwość uchwalania ustaw incydentalnych na konkretny przypadek.
Analysis and modeling of the dynamics of the glow of calcium and hydrogen lines in solar and stellar flares
Authors: Kupryakov Yurij Alekseevich , Bychkov Konstantin Veniaminovich , Belova Oksana Mikhailovna , Gorshkov Alexey Borisovich , Heinzel Petr , Kotrč Pavel
Published: December 2021

We present intensity curves of solar flares obtained in the Hα hydrogen line and CaII H, CaIR 8542Å lines using multichannel spectrographs of Ondřejov Observatory (Czech Republic) for the period 2000–2012. The general behavior of observed intensity curves is practically the same for all flares and is consistent with temporal variations of X-ray emission. However, our results differ significantly from those obtained by other authors for selected flare stars, for example, AD Leo; EV Lac; YZ CMi. We tried to explain the difference in the behavior of Ca II and Hα radiation flux by appearance of a shock wave during a flare and slow heating of the plasma.
Utilization of dolerite waste powder for improving geotechnical parameters of compacted clay soil
Authors: Shah Syed Husnain Ali , Arif Mohammad , ur Rehman Qasim , Manzoor Fawaz
Published: December 2021

This study explores how dolerite cutting waste could be utilized for improving the quality of compacted clay soils. Different proportions of dolerite waste powder with varying grain sizes were used as admixtures and their impact on clay soil properties investigated. Ten samples were prepared by mixing clay soil with different proportions of dolerite waste powder having grain sizes of 0.210, 0.297, and 0.420 mm. The resulting samples were subjected to Proctor compaction, and their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content were measured. Next, all the compacted samples were subjected to geotechnical testing, including the determination of Atterberg limits, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength, and specific gravity (Gs). The values of compaction parameters, Atterberg limits, and Gs were utilized for finding the porosity, void ratio, saturation potential, liquidity index (LI), and consistency index (CI). The results demonstrate that the addition of dolerite powder produces a substantial improvement in the plasticity index, compaction parameters, CBR, unconfined compressive strength, Gs, porosity, void ratio, degree of saturation, LI, and CI. The foremost reason for this improvement is the presence of denser and less water-adoring minerals in the added dolerite relative to pristine clay soil. Furthermore, the observed positive impact on the soils’ geotechnical comportment is comparatively higher with coarser than finer dolerite because of the decrease in surface area that causes a reduction in the moisture content and porosity but an increase in the density of soil.
Evolutionary adaptation of DHFR via expression of enzyme isoforms with various binding properties and dynamics behavior: a bioinformatics and computational study
Authors: Karimi Elahe , Heshmati Emran , Khalifeh Khosrow
Published: December 2021

We compared the binding properties and dynamics of three experimentally reviewed isoforms of human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The cytoplasmic variants including isoforms1 and 2 (iso1 and iso2) are produced by alternative splicing; while the mitochondrial form is located in the mitochondria. The iso1 as the canonical sequence contains 187 residues, and iso2 differs from the iso1, where it has 1–52 residues missing at the N-terminus of canonical sequence. Here, the structural models of the iso2 and mitochondrial forms were constructed by the MODELLER program using the crystal structure of the iso1 as the template. Bioinformatics analysis on ligand-bearing structures demonstrates that mitochondrial variant forms more stable complex with ligands compared with iso1 and 2, indicating their different binding properties. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) data suggest that C-terminus of iso1 contains two representative highly flexible fragments, while iso2 contains a highly flexible fragment at N-terminus end. Interestingly, both ends of mitochondrial variant have a degree of rigidity. Finally, the observation of differences in structural dynamics and binding properties predicts that the simultaneous existence of enzyme isoforms is a way to increase the speed of the enzyme maneuver in response to various environmental conditions. This prediction needs to be tested experimentally.
Novel add-drop filter based on serial and parallel photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRR)
Authors: Fakhruldeen Hassan Falah , Abdul-Jaleel Al-Asady Heba , Mahinroosta Tayebeh , Sohrabi Foozieh , Hamidi Seyedeh Mehri
Published: December 2021

Photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRR) as momentous candidates for future photonic crystal integrated circuits (PCICs) draw worldwide attention. In this paper, different configurations are proposed based on single, parallel, and serial PCRRs. To be precise, the different coupling lengths and alignments have been discussed in double and triple PCRRs in parallel and serial configurations to achieve the highest efficiency concerning the desired applications such as an add-drop filter (ADF) and a power splitter. Moreover, in the achieved optimum double and triple PCRRs, the effect of coupling radius change has been discussed.
Identification of three novel pathogenic mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase gene of Pakistani intellectually disabled patients
Authors: Wasim Muhammad , Khan Haq N. , Ayesha Hina , Iqbal Mazhar , Tawab Abdul , Irfan Muhammad , Kanhai Warsha , Goorden Susanna M. I. , Stroomer Lida , Salomons Gajja , Vaz Frederic M. , Karnebeek Clara D. M. van , Awan Fazli R.
Published: December 2021

Background

Classical homocystinuria (HCU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which is caused by the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS: encoded by CBS) deficiency. Symptoms of untreated classical HCU patients include intellectual disability (ID), ectopia lentis and long limbs, along with elevated plasma methionine, and homocysteine.

Methods

A total of 429 ID patients (age range: 1.6–23 years) were sampled from Northern areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Biochemical and genetic analyses were performed to find classical HCU disease in ID patients.

Results

Biochemically, nine patients from seven unrelated families were identified with high levels of plasma methionine and homocysteine. Targeted exonic analysis of CBS confirmed seven causative homozygous mutations; of which three were novel missense mutations (c.451G>T; p.Gly151Trp, c.975G>C; p.Lys325Asn and c.1039 + 1G>T splicing), and four were recurrent variants (c.451 + 1G>A; IVS4 + 1 splicing, c.770C>T; p.Thr257Met, c.808_810del GAG; p.Glu270del and c.752T>C; p.Leu251Pro). Treatment of patients was initiated without further delay with pyridoxine, folic acid, cobalamin, and betaine as well as dietary protein restriction. The immediate impact was noticed in behavioral improvement, decreased irritability, improved black hair color, and socialization. Overall, health outcomes in this disorder depend on the age and symptomatology at the time of treatment initiation.

Conclusions

With personalized treatment and care, such patients can reach their full potential of living as healthy a life as possible. This screening study is one of the pioneering initiatives in Pakistan which would help to minimize the burden of such treatable inborn errors of metabolism in the intellectually disabled patients.
Improvement of the mechanical and damping behavior of nylon by integration of nanoclay platelets
Authors: Subburamamurthy Hari Bodipatti , Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Kumar Harikrishna Kumar Mohan , Chinnasamy Moganapriya , Kaliyannan Gobinath Velu , Natarajan Saravanan
Published: December 2021

Nylon is used as a gear material thanks to its beneficial characteristics, such as self-lubrication, noiseless and fail-safe operation. Poor resistance to heat, dimensional stability, shock and impact loads are major drawbacks of nylon when used in engineering applications. The addition of a nanofiller to a nylon matrix can enhance its mechanical and vibrational properties. Montmorillonite nanoclay (Cloisite 15 A, Cloisite 20 A and Cloisite 30B) modified with ammonium salt was incorporated into the Nylon 6 matrix by solution mixing and melt mixing. Nanoclay with 1, 2 and 3 wt.-% were added to the nylon matrix and the resulting mechanical and free vibration characteristics were determined. The experimental results of the mechanical and free vibration behavior were compared with the ANSYS results. Tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, specific strength, specific stiffness, natural frequency and damping factor were found to increase as the weight percentage of the nanoclay in the nylon matrix increased. Cloisite 30B nanocomposite shows better mechanical and free vibration characteristics when compared with pure Nylon 6, Cloisite 15 A and Cloisite 20 A nanocomposites. The Cloisite 30B nano-composite was prepared with 2 wt.-% shows maximum mechanical and free vibration performance.
Orbital angular momentum and beyond in free-space optical communications
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Jun , Li Shuhui , Zhao Yifan , Du Jing , Zhu Long
Published: December 2021

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), which describes tailoring the spatial physical dimension of light waves into a helical phase structure, has given rise to many applications in optical manipulation, microscopy, imaging, metrology, sensing, quantum science, and optical communications. Light beams carrying OAM feature two distinct characteristics, i.e., inherent orthogonality and unbounded states in principle, which are suitable for capacity scaling of optical communications. In this paper, we give an overview of OAM and beyond in free-space optical communications. The fundamentals of OAM, concept of optical communications using OAM, OAM modulation (OAM modulation based on spatial light modulator, high-speed OAM modulation, spatial array modulation), OAM multiplexing (spectrally efficient, high capacity, long distance), OAM multicasting (adaptive multicasting,N-dimensional multicasting), OAM communications in turbulence (adaptive optics, digital signal processing, auto-alignment system), structured light communications beyond OAM (Bessel beams, Airy beams, vector beams), diverse and robust communications using OAM and beyond (multiple scenes, turbulence-resilient communications, intelligent communications) are comprehensively reviewed. The prospects and challenges of optical communications using OAM and beyond are also discussed at the end. In the future, there will be more opportunities in exploiting extensive advanced applications from OAM beams to more general structured light.
Rewatching, Film, and New Television
Authors: Shuster Martin
Published: December 2021

Those of us who are captivated by new television (the sort of serialized television that began largely in the early 1990s), often find ourselves rewatching episodes or whole series. Why? What is the philosophical significance of the phenomenon of rewatching? In what follows, I engage with the ontology of television series in order to think about these questions around rewatching. I conclude by reflecting on what the entire discussion might suggest about the medium of new television, about ourselves, and also about our world and the possibilities of art in it.
Construction of abundant novel analytical solutions of the space–time fractional nonlinear generalized equal width model via Riemann–Liouville derivative with application of mathematical methods
Authors: Seadawy Aly R. , Ali Asghar , Althobaiti Saad , El-Rashidy Khaled
Published: December 2021

The space–time fractional generalized equal width (GEW) equation is an imperative model which is utilized to represent the nonlinear dispersive waves, namely, waves flowing in the shallow water strait, one-dimensional wave origination escalating in the nonlinear dispersive medium approximation, gelid plasma, hydro magnetic waves, electro magnetic interaction, etc. In this manuscript, we probe advanced and broad-spectrum wave solutions of the formerly betokened model with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative via the prosperously implementation of two mathematical methods: modified elongated auxiliary equation mapping and amended simple equation methods. The nonlinear fractional differential equation (NLFDE) is renovated into ordinary differential equation by the composite function derivative and the chain rule putting together along with the wave transformations. We acquire several types of exact soliton solutions by setting specific values of the personified parameters. The proposed schemes are expedient, influential, and computationally viable to scrutinize notches of NLFDEs.
Batch effect reduction of microarray data with dependent samples using an empirical Bayes approach (BRIDGE)
Authors: Xia Qing , Thompson Jeffrey A. , Koestler Devin C.
Published: December 2021

Batch-effects present challenges in the analysis of high-throughput molecular data and are particularly problematic in longitudinal studies when interest lies in identifying genes/features whose expression changes over time, but time is confounded with batch. While many methods to correct for batch-effects exist, most assume independence across samples; an assumption that is unlikely to hold in longitudinal microarray studies. We propose Batch effect Reduction of mIcroarray data with Dependent samples usinG
Empirical Bayes (BRIDGE), a three-step parametric empirical Bayes approach that leverages technical replicate samples profiled at multiple timepoints/batches, so-called “bridge samples”, to inform batch-effect reduction/attenuation in longitudinal microarray studies. Extensive simulation studies and an analysis of a real biological data set were conducted to benchmark the performance of BRIDGE against both ComBat and longitudinal
ComBat. Our results demonstrate that while all methods perform well in facilitating accurate estimates of time effects, BRIDGE outperforms both ComBat and longitudinal ComBat in the removal of batch-effects in data sets with bridging samples, and perhaps as a result, was observed to have improved statistical power for detecting genes with a time effect. BRIDGE demonstrated competitive performance in batch effect reduction of confounded longitudinal microarray studies, both in simulated and a real data sets, and may serve as a useful preprocessing method for researchers conducting longitudinal microarray studies that include bridging samples.
Regulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Internalization and Synaptic AMPA Receptor Endocytosis by the Postsynaptic Protein Norbin
Authors: Ojha Prachi , Pal Subhajit , Bhattacharyya Samarjit
Published: December 2021

Group I mGluRs have diverse functions in some fundamental neuronal processes, including modulation of synaptic plasticity; and dysregulation of these receptors could lead to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Trafficking of Group I mGluRs plays critical roles in controlling the precise spatiotemporal localization and activity of these receptors, both of which contribute to proper downstream signaling. Using “molecular replacement” approach in hippocampal neurons derived from mice of both sexes, we demonstrate a critical role for the postsynaptic density protein Norbin in regulating the ligand-induced internalization of Group I mGluRs. We show that Norbin associates with protein kinase A (PKA) through its N-terminus and anchors mGluR5 through its C-terminus, both of which are necessary for the ligand-mediated endocytosis of mGluR5, a member of the Group I mGluR family. A point mutation (A687G) at the C-terminus of Norbin inhibits the binding of Norbin to mGluR5 and blocks mGluR5 endocytosis. Finally, we demonstrate an important mechanism by which Norbin regulates mGluR-mediated AMPAR endocytosis in hippocampal neurons, a cellular correlate for mGluR-dependent synaptic plasticity. Norbin, through its PKA-binding regions, recruits PKA to AMPARs on activation of mGluRs; and deletion of the PKA-binding regions of Norbin inhibits mGluR-triggered AMPAR endocytosis. We further report that Norbin is important specifically for the mGluR-mediated AMPAR endocytosis, but not for NMDAR-dependent AMPAR endocytosis. Thus, this study unravels a novel role for Norbin in the internalization of mGluRs and mGluR-mediated AMPAR endocytosis that can have clinical relevance to the function of Group I mGluRs in pathologic processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe postsynaptic protein Norbin interacts with mGluR5, and both of them have been implicated in disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, the mechanistic basis underlying the regulation of mGluRs by Norbin remains elusive. We have identified Norbin as an essential mediator of ligand-mediated endocytosis of Group I mGluRs. Mechanistically, Norbin N-terminus associates with protein kinase-A (PKA) and C-terminus binds to mGluR5 to coordinate receptor internalization. A point mutation NorA687G inhibits endocytosis by disrupting this interaction. Additionally, Norbin is critical for the recruitment of PKA to AMPARs on activation of Group I mGluRs that assists in mGluR-mediated AMPAR endocytosis. Thus, Norbin has a dual function in the hippocampus: regulation of mGluR internalization and PKA-dependent modulation of mGluR-mediated AMPAR endocytosis, a prerequisite for mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity.
RETRACTED: Japanese “Blood” in the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese Border War
Authors: Do Khue Dieu
Published: December 2021

Retraction Notice To: Khuê Đỗ Diệu; Japanese “Blood” in the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese Border War: Isao Takano and Vietnam. Journal of Vietnamese Studies 1 November 2021; 16 (4): 36–67. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/vs.2021.16.4.36.

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief in consultation with the journal’s editorial team. The editors determined post-publication that the article contains unattributed material, including both verbatim and paraphrased passages, from numerous sources.

As part of the journal’s submission requirements, this paper was refereed anonymously. Apologies to readers of the journal that these issues were not detected during the peer review process.

This decision has been informed by University of California Press's Statement on Publication Ethics and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
Subfertility in young male mice mutant for chromatin remodeller CECR2
Authors: Norton Kacie A , Humphreys Ross , Weatherill Chelsey , Duong Kevin , Nguyen Vivian V , Kommadath Arun , Niri Farshad , Stothard Paul , McDermid Heather E
Published: December 2021

Defects in spermatogenesis are an important cause of male infertility. Multiple aspects of spermatogenesis are controlled by chromatin remodellers, including regulating transcription. We previously described mutations in chromatin remodelling gene Cecr2 that resulted in the lethal neural tube defect exencephaly in most mutant mice and subfertility in mice that were non-penetrant for exencephaly. Here, we show that the severity of male subfertility is dependent on age. Cecr2GT/Del males contain two mutant alleles, one of which is hypomorphic and therefore produces a small amount of protein. These males sire the fewest pups just after sexual maturity (88% fewer than Cecr2+/+ at P42–60) but improve with age (49% fewer than Cecr2+/+ at P81–100), although never completely recovering to Cecr2+/+(wild type) levels. When young, they also have defects in testis histology, in vivo fertilization frequency, sperm number and motility, and testis weight that show similar improvement with age. Immunostaining of staged seminiferous tubules showed CECR2 in type A, intermediate and B spermatogonia, and less in preleptotene and leptotene spermatocytes. Histological defects were first apparent in Cecr2GT/Del testes at P24, and RNA-seq analysis revealed 387 differentially expressed genes. This included 66 genes on the X chromosome (almost double the number on any other chromosome), all more highly expressed in Cecr2GT/Del testes. This inappropriate expression of X chromosome genes could be caused by a failure of effective meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. We identify several abnormally expressed genes that may contribute to defects in spermatogenesis at P24. Our results support a role for Cecr2 in juvenile spermatogenesis.
Challenge of Productivity in the Housing Sector of a Developing Country
Authors: Raoul Minfede Koe
Published: December 2021

This paper evaluates productivity in terms of housing delivery levels of the housing sector in Cameroon. The data used is from the Centre for Affordable Housing Finance in Africa (CAHF) and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. These data relate to: the number of dwellings delivered during the study period; the amount of hours of work required to produce a housing unit; the unit cost of labour; the cost of producing a housing unit; and the area used to produce a housing unit. The technique of analysis was Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The level of productivity is evaluated using the Malmquist index. The results revealed that between 2010 and 2018 the housing sector in Cameroon produced an average of 13,126 houses per year. This production gives an average cost per housing unit of $39,612. The study found a fall in total productivity of factors (labour and capital factors) of the order of 24.5% for the period considered. The fall observed is explained by a decrease in both technical efficiency and technological progress. To increase the productivity of the housing sector in Cameroon two types of measures are possible. Firstly, a better use of resources where particular attention is paid to the factors limiting productivity growth, namely the cost of labour, capital and materials. Secondly, use a skilled workforce and implement incentives for innovation based on the use of local materials and better operational organisation. It is argued that the incorporation of these suggestions would make it possible to increase the productive capacities of housing firms in Cameroon.
Editorial
Authors: Olaleye Abel
Published: December 2021

Welcome to the Volume 4 (2019) Issue 2 edition of the Journal of African Real Estate Research (JARER). So far, JARER has been providing valuable resources supporting academics and professional researchers throughout the African continent. The journal continues to offer an exciting platform for the dissemination of scholarships and the different types of applied research within the real estate sector in Africa. JARER reflects one of the objectives of the African Real Estate Society (AfRES) to promote research and education among property professionals and academics across the continent. We have undergone some recent changes at JARER with the reconstitution of the Editorial Board to bring in greater diversity to the journal. This issue represents the final issue with the existing Editorial Board, and I would like to take this opportunity to show my gratitude to the hard work and dedication that it has demonstrated in ensuring the success of JARER to date. The achievements we have accomplished could not have been down without them. Thank you.
High-Revenue Athletics Institutional Policies and Practices Aligned with Key Resources for STEM Career Development
Authors: Mark Sheron
Published: December 2021

This study sought to explore the ways in which athletics departments within high-revenue National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I universities established institutional policies and practices aligned with providing key science, technology, engineering, and mathematics career development resources. These resources were derived from an earlier study focused on Black male student-athletes in high-revenue Division I athletics. The athletics department websites of a sample of high-revenue Atlantic Coast Conference institutions were reviewed seeking evidence of such policy and practice alignment with STEM career development. The resources identified from this review included explicit programming and student-athlete experiences for career, personal, and cultural identity development; designated institutional support personnel, including academic advisers, career counselors, and learning specialists, with the potential to provide personalized social support and academic support; and tutoring and study hall as additional academic support practices. The need for equity and student-centeredness is discussed in light of the implementation of each of these resources, as well as considerations of the impact of athletics departments demonstrating leadership and accountability in administering these resources, as compared to university-wide departments of academic and student affairs.
Fact vs. Fiction: An exploratory study of graduation rates of Division I student-athlete “special admits” within a single conference
Authors: Ingram Alexandra
Published: December 2021

Currently, the NCAA does not track the academic outcomes of student-athlete special admits. The purpose of this exploratory study was to gain an understanding of educational outcomes for Division I specially admitted student-athletes. Findings showed the special admit population had the same six-year graduation rate as the overall FCS student body cohort (55%). Only a small percentage (4.5%) of special admits were dismissed for academic reasons. Further study is suggested regarding the demographics and incoming academic characteristics of this population in order to pave the way for academic best practices for this severely understudied group of students within higher education.
Protocolo de avaliação e intervenção precoces de sinais de risco de autismo: comparando grupos de alto e baixo risco
Authors: Gioia Paula Suzana , Barbieri Leticia , Guilhardi Cintia , Sarilho Claudio Almeida , Vargas Daniel Kummerow , Carvalho Daniela Cotrin Basile de , Costa Monalisa Michele , Keiner Simone Assunção
Published: December 2021

O diagnóstico precoce do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na população permite intervenções com melhor prognóstico e menor custo de tratamento. Estudos indicam que há uma maior prevalência de TEA em irmãos de indivíduos diagnosticados, considerados assim como grupo de risco. Gioia e Guilhardi (2018) desenvolveram um protocolo para avaliação de sinais precoces em crianças de risco com fácil aplicação por pais e/ou cuidadores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos, avaliar se as tarefas deste protocolo aplicadas no período de 2013 a 2019 em crianças de 13 a 22 meses produziram resultados diferenciadores entre o grupo de alto (AR) e baixo risco autístico (BR) e verificar a correspondência entre a avaliação obtida no protocolo pelos participantes AR com a avaliação obtida na escala Childhood Autism Rating Scale – CARS. Como resultado, foi constatado que seis das treze tarefas do protocolo permitiram diferenciar entre os grupos AR e BR, demonstrando que o instrumento pode ser efetivo na identificação precoce de crianças que posteriormente poderão vir a receber diagnóstico de TEA.
Ensuring health, safety and well-being on the UK’s Thames Tideway tunnel programme
Authors: Alder Andy , Hails Steve , Vaughan Alex
Published: December 2021

Due for completion in 2025, the £4.2 billion Thames Tideway tunnel programme is one of the largest and most complex civil engineering schemes in the world. This paper reports on how the delivery team ensured the health, safety and well-being of over 4000 people who worked on the programme during the first 6 years of its 9 year delivery. The team collaborated to create a strong safety culture, focusing on excellence in getting the basics right, sharing and adopting best practice, and learning from near misses and incidents. The result has been a very good level of safety performance.
Splenic artery aneurysms and extrahepatic portal hypertension during pregnancy
Authors: Markarov A. E. , Manukyan G. V. , Musin R. A. , Kitsenko E. A. , Apresyan S. V. , Lebezev V. M. , Zhigalova S. B. , Rizaeva S. A. , Shchukina A. A.
Published: December 2021

Clinical case demonstrates successful treatment of a pregnant woman, who had multiple giant splenic artery aneurysms with a high risk of spontaneous rupture. Pregnancy proceeded along with hereditary thrombophilia, thrombosis and cavernous transformation of the vena cava, extrahepatic portal hypertension, esophageal and gastric varices II–III. The surgical and obstetric tactics, surgical intervention, appropriate salvage and multidisciplinary pregnancy follow-up ensured a successful Cesarean delivery at 38 weeks, saving the life of the child and mother.
Resolution of XXVIII International Congress of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association of Commonwealth of Independent States 23–24 September 2021
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2021

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Hepatic echinococcosis: difficulties in diagnosis at the early stages of progression and with complications (literature review)
Authors: Karmazanovsky G. G. , Stepanova Yu. A. , Kondratyev E. V. , Stashkiv V. I.
Published: December 2021

To demonstrate the possible difficulties in the diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis, that a specialist in ultrasound diagnostics and a radiologist may encounter in everyday practice, russian and foreign literature as well as our own experience have been reviewed. With high accuracy and specificity of ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of echinococcal cysts, incorrect interpretation is possible in the presence of mural hemorrhages and (or) hemorrhagic clots in a nonparasitic cyst, which aren’t also visible in ultrasonography and can imitate elements of the chitinous membrane. The degree of prevalence of the process, the exclusion of damage to the lungs and other organs of the abdominal cavity are important. In such cases CT scan is the most convenient and accurate diagnostic method due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, standardization and availability. In the most difficult cases the capabilities of MRI are used in the comparison of diffusion-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient, which also makes it possible to diagnose cystic neoplasms. Ultrasonography is a diagnostic technology that is still the most commonly used to differentiate cavity structures; however, all dubious clinical observations should be further examined by using CT or MRI.
Echinococcosis of the liver in children
Authors: Razumovsky A. Yu. , Smirnov A. N. , Kholostova V. V. , Al-Mashat N. A. , Stepanov A. E. , Sulavko Ya. P.
Published: December 2021

Aim. The paper presents the experience of treatment of echinococcal cysts in children, which reflects most of the existing methods of treatment.

Materials and methods. From 2010 to 2021, 81 patients with hepatic echinococcosis aged from 3 to 17 years (average 14.3 ± 1.3) were treated at the bases of the Department of Pediatric Surgeons of the Pirogov Russian State Medical University. All patients were examined according to the standard procedure, including: general clinical examination, examination of liver function, ultrasonography, chest X-ray, CT scan, blood test for IgG to echinococcus antigens. All children were divided into 2 groups according to the type of the surgery: in the group 1, 27 (33.3%) children underwent laparoscopic surgery; in the group 2, 54 (66.7%) children – laparotomy.

Results. The treatment duration accounted 12.5 ± 3.1 days in group 1 and 9.2 ± 1.3 days in group 2 (p < 0.0067). In the group 1 the drainage duration was higher (6.8 ± 0.6) than in the group 2 (4.1 ± 0.3) (p < 0.03). Complications occurred in 7 patients, relapse of cysts – in 2 patients.

Conclusion. Children with echinococcal cysts in Central Russia occur with a constant frequency and require to apply modern approaches in diagnosis and treatment. The classification and treatment protocol of echinococcosis, adopted by WHO, are easy-to-use and proves its effectiveness. There is no significant difference in germicidal agents’ effect on echinococcus and the effect on the development of relapse. The method of selection in the treatment of solitary and superficial cysts is laparoscopic interference with the mandatory application of a PAIR and a high-power aspirator. An important stage of the interference is the treatment of the fibrous capsule of the cyst, if it is impossible to completely remove it, with an argon-plasma coagulator.
Method of forming a pancreatogastric anastomosis after pancreatoduodenal resection
Authors: Lishchishin V. Ya. , Barishev A. G. , Petrovsky A. N. , Lishchenko A. N. , Popov A. Y. , Porhanov V. A.
Published: December 2021

Aim. To evaluate the reproducibility and safety of the developed pancreatogastric anastomosis with various surgical approaches during pancreatoduodenectomy.

Materials and methods. The experience of surgical treatment of 47 patients with malignant tumours of the periampullary zone, who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy, was considered. The proposed variant of anastomose was performed to 14 (29.8%) patients: in 7 cases with a minimally invasive approach to perform pancreatoduodenectomy; and in 7 cases with an open approach. To compare retrospectively 33 (70.2%) patients who underwent pancreatogastric anastomosis according to the Bassi technique: 9 – with minimally invasive surgery, 24 – with open surgery. The frequency of pancreatic fistulas, the number of repeated interferences, and hospital mortality were taken into account.

Results. A significant advantage of the new method of forming an anastomosis in the duration of the operation was noted in comparison with the Bassi technique. There were no statistically significant differences in blood loss while various types of anastomoses (p > 0.05). When using the proposed technique, the formation of pancreatic fistulas was not revealed. The development of pancreatic fistula was observed in 4 (16.7%) patients after open surgery and in 7 (77.8%) patients after minimally invasive Bassi anastomose formation. Reoperations were performed after open surgery in 3 (12.5%) cases and in 4 (44.4%) cases of minimally invasive surgery according to the Bassi technique. There were 2 (22.2%) deaths in the minimally invasive group.

Conclusion. The proposed pancreatogastric anastomosis is applicable in clinical practice. This method allows to create relatively fast and less challenging anastomosis, including with a minimally invasive approach. The use of this technique makes it possible to reduce mortality and postoperative complications in patients with a “complex” pancreas.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN BATI AKDENİZ BÖLGE EKONOMİSİNE ETKİLERİNİN BÖLGESEL GİRDİ-ÇIKTI TABLOSU İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ARIK Şebnem , GÜL Zafer Barış , KULA Mehmet , ERDEM Şükrü , ÇAĞATAY Selim
Published: December 2021

Covid-19 pandemisi, tüm dünyada ekonomileri farklı şekilde etkilemiştir. Enfeksiyonun yayılma hızında, pandemi kaynaklı kısıtlamalarda ve uygulanan politikalardaki farklılıklar, daha da önemlisi her bir bölgenin ekonomik yapısındaki farklılıklar sektörlerin, bölgelerin ve ülkelerin yaşadığı ekonomik krizin boyutlarını değiştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Covid-19 pandemisi sonucu ortaya çıkan talep şoklarının Batı Akdeniz Bölgesinde yarattığı ekonomik etkileri ortaya koymaktır. Ekonomik olarak kısıtlamalardan en çok etkilenen sektörlerden biri olan turizm sektörüne önemli derecede bağımlı durumdaki bölgede beklenen ekonomik kaybın belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, pandemi sürecinde ortaya çıkan talep şoklarının bölgesel hasıla, sektörel hasıla ve illerin GSYH’sı üzerindeki olası etkileri, bölge için özel olarak oluşturulan Girdi-Çıktı tablosu yardımıyla senaryo analizleri çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Pandemi döneminde hanehalkı talebi, yatırım talebi ve bölge dışına ve yurtdışına ihracat gibi nihai talep unsurlarında meydana gelen değişiklikler gerçekleşmiş veriler ve geleceğe ilişkin varsayımlar yardımıyla hesaplanarak talep şoklarına ilişkin senaryolar oluşturulmuştur. Talep şoklarına ilişkin öngörülerde bulunurken bölge ekonomisinin yapısı dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuçlar, başta turizm olmak üzere hizmet sektörlerinin ekonomik olarak pandemiden en çok etkilenen sektörler olduğunu göstermektedir. Turizm sektörüne olan bağımlılığı nedeniyle Batı Akdeniz Bölge ekonomisinin Covid-19 pandemisinden ciddi şekilde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.
DNA polymorphism, genetic originality and identification of sterlet populations and replacement broodstock (Acipenser ruthenus)
Authors:   Perm State University, Komarova L. V. , Peleeva A. R. ,   PhytoEngineering Research Center LLC, Kostitsyna N. V. ,   Perm State University, Melnikova A. G. ,   Perm branch of FGBNU «VNIRO», Boronnikova S. V. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

DNA polymorphism has been studied, indicators of genetic diversity and genetic originality have been de-termined for three natural populations and three replacement broodstocks of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, Acipenseridae) from the Volga Federal District. In the group of A. ruthenus replacement broodstock, 106 ISSR-PСR markers were identified, and in the group of natural populations, 103 ISSR-PСR markers. The indicators of genetic diversity and the coefficient of genetic originality (CGO) were slightly higher in the group of natural populations. Analysis of genetic structure of natural populations and groups of broodstock herds A. ruthenus showed that the coefficient of genetic differentiation are also slightly higher in the group of natural populations and equal 0,377. As a result of molecular genetic iden-tification, generic and species identification fragments of sterlet DNA were revealed, as well as combina-tions of polymorphic fragments for identification of the studied natural populations and stocks. The data obtained can be used to preserve the gene pool of populations, which is characteristic for a particular re-gion.
FINNO-UGRIC "WORLD" AS A SYMBOLICALLY CONCTRUCTED PROJECT
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Yanush O. B.
Published: December 2021

The article studies the Finno-Ugric "world", understood as a transfrontier language community and its actors. The author marks tendencies of unification in the Finno-Ugric community of the 1990s and a stage of «disin-tegration» in the 2000s. The study goal is to explain the ongoing processes in the context of the foreign poli-cy of several western countries engaged and ethnic fragmentation among the Russian Finno-Ugric peoples. For this purpose, the work describes the creation of the Finno-Ugric community, the institutional setting and the results of the World Congresses; the role of the Finno-Ugric “world” in the foreign policies of Western countries. Attention is paid to practices aimed at constructing a common Finno-Ugric identity, among which the initiative "Cultural Capitals of the Finno-Ugric World" is noted.The author concludes that the Finno-Ugric “world” is a symbolically constructed project that connects the divergent positions of a diverse circle of participants, typologically defined as “the glottogenesis communi-ty”, where symbolic and discursive principles prevail over material ones. Moreover, bilateral and multilateral interactions between “western” and “eastern” Finno-Ugric peoples in the culture, science and education are more likely projections of the “soft power” of Finland, Hungary and Estonia than aspirations to create a common Finno-Ugric space.
Chained by one chain: Mechanisms of electoral mobilization at the local level in the Russian ethnic republics
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Shkel Stanislav N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: researchers of the Russian elections have long noticed that in a number of ethnic republics the level of electoral mobilization and political conformism of voters is higher than the average in Russia. Despite the fairly numerous statistical evidence of the existence of this political phenomenon, we still know relatively little about the specific causal mechanisms for the reproduction of electoral activity in these republics. Objectives: identifying the factors bringing about a high level of electoral mobilization in ethnic republics in Russia. Methods: analysis of qualitative data collected through focus groups method in five regions: Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Tatarstan, Komi Republic, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chuvash Republic. Results: as the result of the study it is concluded that a high level of electoral mobilization is caused by the combination of three factors, each of which affects different categories of voters. The institutional factor in the form of political machines involves into the electoral process those employed in public sector and industrial enterprises. The density of social networks resulting from specificity of rural way of life influences the electoral behavior of entrepreneurs and self-employed people living in the countryside. Finally, the Soviet legacy continues to determine the high political activity of the older generation, acting as a significant cultural factor. At the same time, there has been no empirical proof to a number of explanations whereby religion or ethnic culture of non-Russian ethnic groups is viewed as factors that simplify electoral mobilization. Conclusions: evidence on the role of the solidarity norms in rural areas during elections makes it possible to conclude that the consolidation and high intensity of horizontal relationships do not always promote the reproduction of civil society institutions and grass-roots democratic practices. As it is shown in the experience of the Russian ethnic republics, this element of social consolidation may well be integrated into the design of authoritarian elections. Thus, informal networks of grass-roots solidarity can be used not only by the opposition, but also by local authorities to increase electoral mobilization, which, in the current political context, rather strengthens authoritarian orders and practices than creates threats to them.
Interregional and cross-border cooperation within the Union State of Belarus and Russia: problems and opportunities
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Slugina Anastasiia N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the large growth potential of integration attractiveness of the Union State of Belarus and Russia lies in the improvement of interregional and cross-border cooperation, which can create new prospects for dynamic development and influence on the world market as well as improve the geopolitical situation on the external borders of the Union State. Objectives: verification of the problem field and tools for improving interregional and cross-border interaction in the space of the Union State of Belarus and Russia. Methods: cognitive mapping, expert survey, comparison. Results: the study has revealed the discordance in the Russian and Belarus political elites’ preferences, the lack of their attention to the problems of interregional and cross-border cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, an ambiguous vision of Russian-Belarusian relations by experts. Among the methods and technologies for improving the interregional and cross-border interaction between Russia and Belarus, experts highlight, first of all, the development of the border areas infrastructure. Conclusions: the discourse on interregional and cross-border cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus manifests certain problems of an internal, external and interstate nature. At the same time,the political elites and the expert community of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus do not see the sphere of integration interaction and connection with the Union State level as priorities. The influence of the Union State on the improvement of interregional and cross-border cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is underestimated. Consolidated interaction of political elites and expert community of the two countries is needed, which will make it possible to form an effective strategy for the development of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus on the way to bilateral integration.
Dynamics of Engineering and Geological Conditions of Mineral Deposits (from Exploration to Exploitation)
Authors:   Ural State Mining University, Abaturova I.V. , Storozhenko L.A. ,   Ural State Mining University, Nugmanova E.D. ,   GINGEO LLC, Kozlov V.S. ,   GINGEO LLC
Published: December 2021

The development of mineral deposits has strong transformative effect on the geological environment. At the same time, all the components of geotechnical conditions (relief, structure of rock massifs, hydrogeological and geocryological conditions etc.), formed over a long geological time, are actively changing. Geological processes are activated and new mining-geological processes are formed. New strata are formed on the Earth's surface along with the technogenic formations and technogenic deposits. Today, the scale of technogenesis in mining is comparable to the results of geological activities that have been going on for many millions of years. The reaction of the geological environment is immediate and is expressed in the development of large-scale engineering and geological processes, which often do not allow the further development of mineral resources and threaten the human life. Therefore, even at the early stages of prospecting and/or exploration, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of changes in surrounding medium in order to develop methods for proper managing of the ore extraction. By the example of a number of objects, all the stages of study of engineering-geological conditions are considered, the dynamics of their change, which led to the formation of engineering-geological processes affecting the further development of mineral resource, is estimated.