bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From engaged citizen to lone hero: Nobel Prize laureates on British television, 1962–2004
Authors: Gouyon Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2018

Between 1962 and 2004, Nobel Prize laureates appear in the British television science programme Horizon in various roles, denoting differing understandings of science in relation to society and culture. These representations are the outcome of an interplay of cultural and institutional factors. They vary with the broadcasting environment. Notably, the article establishes that the choice of presenting scientists as heroic characters in strongly determined storylines from the late-1990s onwards originates in a reaction to institutional imperatives as a means to preserve the existence of the Horizon series. The article shows that exigencies of the institutional context in which media professionals operate are major factors influencing the representation of science in public.
Global and local “teachable moments”: The role of Nobel Prize and national pride
Authors: Baram-Tsabari Ayelet , Segev Elad
Published: May 2018

This study examined to what extent Nobel Prize announcements and awards trigger global and local searches or “teachable moments” related to the laureates and their discoveries. We examined the longitudinal trends in Google searches for the names and discoveries of Nobel laureates from 2012 to 2017. The findings show that Nobel Prize events clearly trigger more searches for laureates, but also for their respective discoveries. We suggest that fascination with the Nobel prize creates a teachable moment not only for the underlying science, but also about the nature of science. Locality also emerged as playing a significant role in intensifying interest.
The Numbers Don’t Speak for Themselves: Racial Disparities and the Persistence of Inequality in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Hetey Rebecca C. , Eberhardt Jennifer L.
Published: May 2018

Many scholars and activists assume the public would be motivated to fight inequality if only they knew the full extent of existing disparities. Ironically, exposure to extreme disparities can cause people to become more, not less, supportive of the very policies that create those disparities (Hetey & Eberhardt, 2014). Here, we focus on the criminal justice system—policing and incarceration in particular. We argue that bringing to mind racial disparities in this domain can trigger fear and stereotypic associations linking Blacks with crime. Therefore, rather than extending an invitation to reexamine the criminal justice system, the statistics about disparities may instead provide an opportunity to justify and rationalize the disparities found within that system. With the goals of spurring future research and mitigating this paradoxical and unintended effect, we propose three potential strategies for more effectively presenting information about racial disparities: (a) offer context, (b) challenge associations, and (c) highlight institutions.
Theorizing the Performative Effects of Penal Risk Technologies: (Re)producing the Subject Who Must Be Dangerous
Authors: Werth Robert
Published: May 2018

This article explores the ways in which practices of risk assessment exert material and semiotic effects that structure how penal subjects are constituted, imagined, and governed. In so doing, it proposes conceptual shifts in how we understand risk logics and practices. It contends that techniques of assessment and classification within parole operate performatively; that is, they do not so much describe reality as they constitute, structure and alter what they appear to report on. While this occurs through shaping the beliefs of penal actors – that is, through ideological mechanisms – this article focuses on the ways in which assessments exert institutional, bureaucratic and automatic effects independent of beliefs. I argue that, through exerting these effects, assessments make the risk of paroled subjects an institutional and practical certainty. While the dangerousness of individuals on parole is historically and ideologically contingent, contemporary practices of risk operate in a way that precludes the possibility of a non-dangerous individual.
Juggling Two Balls—Smoking (Re)Normalization and Harm Reduction: E-Cigarettes—Facts and Misconceptions in Taiwan
Authors: Gao Wayne , Sanna Mattia , Huang Li-Ling , Chiu Ya-Wen , Chen Yi-Hua , Chiou Hung-Yi
Published: May 2018

The increasing popularity of e-cigarettes, especially among adolescents, has alarmed health advocates and government officials, dominating the tobacco control narrative in the past few years. According to the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, the percentage of Taiwanese teenagers reporting use of e-cigarettes in the past 30 days rose from 2.01% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82% to 2.23%) in 2014 to 3.54% (95% CI = 3.30% to 3.80%) in 2017. However, during the same period, prevalence of cigarettes declined from 11.51% (95% CI = 9.84% to 13.42%) to 8.26% (95% CI = 7.80% to 8.76%) among senior high school students, and from 5.00% (95% CI = 4.36% to 5.74%) to 2.66% (95% CI = 2.38% to 2.96%) among junior high school students, with figures for both groups reaching historical lows. This trend is similar to population-level trends observed in both the United Kingdom and the United States, but only future long-term studies will be able to clarify if it is consistent or not with the fears that e-cigarette may act as a “gateway” to cigarette smoking renormalization.
Confidentiality behind transparent doors: The European Central Bank and the EU law principle of openness
Authors: Van Cleynenbreugel Pieter
Published: May 2018

This paper questions to what extent the confidential decision-making structure maintained at the European Central Bank is still compatible with the EU principle of openness recognized in Article 15 TFEU. To that extent, it analyses the different confidentiality regimes in place as well as the openness features adopted in both monetary policy and prudential supervision. It subsequently questions how those features comply with the letter and spirit of Article 15 TFEU. Aiming better to integrate existing confidentiality features with EU constitutional transparency obligations, this paper finally proposes some minor modifications to the European Central Bank decision-making framework to align it more directly to the spirit of openness reflected in Article 15.
Strengthening the Single Market through informal dispute-resolution mechanisms in the EU: The case of SOLVIT
Authors: Kokolia Evgenia
Published: May 2018

SOLVIT is an informal out-of-court dispute-resolution tool between the EU Member States and Norway, Lichtenstein and Iceland to practically help citizens and businesses when encountering problems in cross-border situations with their rights enshrined in EU legislation. In light of the recently adopted Commission Communication on the reinforcement of SOLVIT, 1 the authors analyse its key characteristics and challenges. The authors concludes that an enhanced role of SOLVIT can efficiently promote a culture of compliance and smart enforcement of EU law in the Single Market together with the Member States.
Report of the Committee on Family Life1
Authors: Brisley Mary S.
Published: May 2018

Note: The Committee asks that, in reading this report, three things be kept in mind: first, that the work of the Committee has been oriented throughout to its charge, i.e., to learning what family case workers know about family life, rather than to the helping process or relationship; second, that this is an attempt to crystallize the Committee's thinking over a six- or seven-year period, rather than a report of a year's work; and finally that, in the interests of brevity, illustrative material, which might make the points clearer, has been rigidly excluded.
The Purpose and Program of a Family Case Work Agency
Authors: Swift Linton B.
Published: May 2018

At the request of the Family Welfare Association of America Membership Committee, Mr. Swift has prepared this interpretation as Part I of the Association's “Interpretation of Membership Requirements,” and has carefully revised it on the basis of comments from the Membership Committee and others in the field. It is greatly condensed from material he has developed during the past five or six years in discussion groups throughout the country, and in this abbreviated form it necessarily omits much that is essential to a full treatment of the subject. It is published here because of its possible usefulness in local discussions of social case work program, regardless of Association membership.
Relief Trends and Family Life
Authors: Morrison Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

At the last of a series of “Know-Your-City” meetings of the League of Women Voters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the two speakers—Anne E. Geddes of the Bureau of Research and Statistics, Social Security Board, and Elizabeth Morrison, Executive Secretary of the Family Welfare Society of Cambridge—presented the local relief picture from two angles: On the statistical side, Miss Geddes pointed out that thirteen million dollars had been spent for relief in Cambridge from 1929 to 1937 (only 5 per cent by private agencies); that expenditures for relief per inhabitant had increased from $3.53 in 1929 to $21.76 in 1937 (less, however, than in some other Massachusetts cities for which she gave comparative figures); and that “the peak in expenditures appears not yet to have been reached. It is clear that large-scale relief spending will continue and that long-range planning is necessary to prevent and mitigate need.”1 Miss Morrison, in the paper presented here, attempted to convert the cold figures into terms of specific people seeking relief for their needs in the specific local community—of which her audience were interested citizens.
Societal demands on the voluntary agency
Authors: Stock Richard O.
Published: May 2018

Voluntary social welfare agencies must withstand today's numerous pressures and institute many changes to find new opportunities for effective service
The Fragmentation of Social Work
Authors: Piven Herman
Published: May 2018

The current state of social work makes a focused search for new practice knowledge more difficult by obscuring standards of professional relevance and worth
A Small Agency Broadens its Scope
Authors: Lessor L. Richard
Published: May 2018

A demonstration project illustrates the value of strategy planning as an agency meets a pressing community need by helping juvenile first offenders
A Story for Mary
Authors: Eikenberry Dennis D.
Published: May 2018

The device of writing a story about a young child's life is used to present therapeutic material of a sophisticated nature on a level that is real to her
The Latent Dimension of Social Work Research
Authors: Herstein Norman
Published: May 2018

Many researchers who have great faith in the power of their methodological tools continue to act as if knowledge can be unrelated to theory
Family Stress and Academic Failure
Authors: Brantley Dale
Published: May 2018

An exploration by a family agency and two school systems of the effects of stressful home conditions on school achievement and social adjustment
Agency Structure Related to the Use of Staff
Authors: Beck Walter E.
Published: May 2018

Agency goals, service priorities, and staff development programs influence the productivity of staff and affect the meeting of clients’ needs
Differences in Worker Style in Casework
Authors: Mullen Edward J.
Published: May 2018

An intuitive, subjective quality is clearly apparent in the evidence obtained in this study that a particular blend of procedures is largely a matter of style
Experiment in Upgrading the Nonprofessional Worker
Authors: Coate Shirley , Nordstrom Eugene A.
Published: May 2018

Home health assistants demonstrate that the work of the multidisciplined nonprofessional is invaluable on an integrated medical care team
A Historical Review of School Social Work
Authors: Costin Lela B.
Published: May 2018

Assumptions concerning school social work should be reappraised so that effective methods can be developed to meet neighborhood and school problems
Adaptations of the Social Group Work Method
Authors: Wyers Norman L.
Published: May 2018

Cluster, classroom, splinter, short term, and socioeducational groups in a public school represent new applications of traditional group work practice
Family Functioning in the Low-income Black Community
Authors: Billingsley Andrew
Published: May 2018

Social workers should build service programs and create intervention strategies based on the resourcefulness and strengths of black communities and black families
A New Venture in Group Work with the Aged
Authors: Silverstein Sandra , Wagner Toni
Published: May 2018

Elderly persons, responding to group work service, use their experience and sensitivity to help their neighbors and to participate in community affairs
Can a Family Agency be Relevant to the Inner Urban Scene?
Authors: Freeman Henry , Hoffman Mary Ellen , Smith Winifred , Prunty Howard
Published: May 2018

A staff's ability to fashion different techniques succeeds in relieving overwhelming environmental stress and modifying behavior and attitudes of clients
Religious Values and Child Welfare
Authors: Coughlin Bernard J.
Published: May 2018

Some observations on the socialization of children that affirm the crucial value of religion and the role it has in the process of developing maturity
How Social Workers Perceive Lawyers
Authors: Fogelson Franklin B.
Published: May 2018

Development of programs to make legal services available to social work clients requires that social workers learn to identify a need for legal consultation
Technology, Power, and Socialization in Appalachia
Authors: Aquizap Roman B. , Vargas Ernest A.
Published: May 2018

Without understanding the relationship among three critical components of a social system involved in change, efforts to intervene are haphazard
Semantics and Afro-American Liberation
Authors: Baird Keith E.
Published: May 2018

Terminology can be used as an effective weapon in the arsenal of liberation rather than used as a part of the armament of oppression
Powerlessness among Disadvantaged Blacks
Authors: Dubey Sumati N. , Grant Morris L.
Published: May 2018

Recent studies show that powerlessness is an important variable in predicting behavioral and attitudinal patterns and is related to environmental factors
Black People, New Careers, and Humane Human Services
Authors: Houston Laura Pires
Published: May 2018

A federally legislated program has the potential to aid not only the economic development of the community but to provide a vehicle for individual social growth
Adapting Family Therapy to Multideficit Families
Authors: Mckinney Geraldine E.
Published: May 2018

Parents and children who have been emotionally deprived learn to adapt and mature in treatment emphasizing communication and interdependence within the family
Planned Short-Term Treatment, a new Service to Adolescents
Authors: Kerns Elizabeth
Published: May 2018

To close the gap between the increasing demands for services to adolescents and available resources, an agency uses PSTT to provide quality treatment
Family Advocacy: From Case to Cause
Authors: Sunley Robert
Published: May 2018

Fourteen forms of intervention are described to suggest the wide range and the many types suitable for an advocacy program in a family agency
Gentlemen's Agreement Revisited
Authors: Weiner Margaret
Published: May 2018

Workers must end their practice of avoiding the subject of racism and work to understand how and why their clients use it, and why they themselves fear it
Use of Video Tape to Diagnose and Treat an Exceptional Child
Authors: Lewis Jane , Liberman Herbert
Published: May 2018

Imaginative use of recording equipment proves to be a valuable diagnostic and educational tool for clinical staff and teachers in special classes
A Black and White Approach to the Problem of Racism
Authors: Fibush Esther , Turnquest Bealva
Published: May 2018

When black and white caseworkers talk together freely, their relationship becomes a source of strength and security with direct carry-over to work with clients
An Approach to Community Mental Health Education
Authors: Cutting Allan R.
Published: May 2018

Formation of an educational advisory committee permits community participation in the ranking of needs and a center's ready response to changes in needs
The Drug Problem: Treating Preaddictive Adolescents
Authors: Caroff Phyllis , Lieberman Florence , Gottesfeld Mary
Published: May 2018

Experiences with young people indicate the need for involving parents in treatment to supply care, constant vigilance, and parental prohibitions
Homemaker Service as a Component of Casework
Authors: Cassert Hilda P.
Published: May 2018

Through the provision of a homemaker, an agency can sustain family functioning and enhance its counseling services to a wide range of families
Effectiveness of Casework with young Female Probationers
Authors: Webb Allen P. , Riley Patrick V.
Published: May 2018

Positive results can be achieved through determined cooperation, well-planned referrals, and consistent follow-through on the part of the agencies
Tuesday Children
Authors: Golden Nancy , Chirlin Phyllis , Shone Bernard
Published: May 2018

Staff members from a family agency and a boys’ club combine to provide therapy in groups for children with learning disabilities and for their mothers
Computer Utility in Social Work
Authors: Fuller Theron K.
Published: May 2018

Computers have the potential of greatly extending the scope of casework and the number of persons who can be aided by any given agency
Crisis Team Intervention in School-community Unrest
Authors: Walton Maxine , Reeves Gloria D. , Shannon Robert F.
Published: May 2018

Use of skills in group dynamics results in steering community groups and school personnel toward positive efforts to achieve improved educational programs
Group Therapy in an Elementary School
Authors: Mishne Judith
Published: May 2018

Children with learning and behavior problems respond to the opportunity to discuss their troubles at school by manifesting marked improvement
Preconditioned Panic Responses to Black Militancy
Authors: Reeves Gloria D.
Published: May 2018

A school social worker helps parents and educators examine some causes of conflict in their proper perspective without distortions of reality
Assessing Executive Performance
Authors: Kahle Joseph H.
Published: May 2018

The process of evaluation of an administrator, if board and staff are involved in meaningful ways, can bring about greater cohesiveness and unanimity
Diagnosis and Treatment of Communication Failure
Authors: Harding Talbot
Published: May 2018

An irreverent appraisal of social work circumlocution suggests certain therapeutic measures that may help one escape some of the contamination effects of jargon
Relationships between Married Couples and Their Parents
Authors: Irving Howard H.
Published: May 2018

A study suggests that the scope of family treatment change from the nuclear family to what may more appropriately be termed the relevant family
Time–Extended Group Treatment Sessions
Authors: Lessor Louis Richard
Published: May 2018

Marathon therapy is examined with attention to format, process, and techniques and as it is utilized as part of a family agency's program of group treatment
Teaching Behavioral Methods to Parents
Authors: McPherson Sandra B. , Samuels Cyrille R.
Published: May 2018

A didactic approach utilized with a group of parents is found to be an effective way to begin work with parents of hyperactive and aggressive children
Supervising in Groups as a Model for Today
Authors: Getzel George S. , Goldberg Jack R. , Salmon Robert
Published: May 2018

The evolution from traditional supervision to a newer method of supervising in groups is described in relation to content, technique, and timing
The Chicano and Social Work
Authors: Garcia Alejandro
Published: May 2018

If the social work profession is truly dedicated to the eradication of racism, there must be a continuing assessment of its effectiveness in helping Chicanos
Socioeconomic and Cultural Conditions of Migrant Workers
Authors: Solis Faustina
Published: May 2018

For too many years the nation has been enabled to ignore the deplorable living and working conditions of a powerless population forced to lead a mobile life
The Impact of Funding on Part C Systems: Is the Tail Wagging the Dog?
Authors: Vail Cynthia O. , Lieberman-Betz Rebecca G. , McCorkle Laura S.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of Part C programs and how funding has impacted the quality of services for children and families given ongoing budgetary concerns. Perceptions of State Early Intervention Coordinators (EICs) regarding their state Part C systems were obtained through an online survey. Using survey research methods to collect and analyze data, two primary questions were addressed in the current study: (a) What are the general characteristics of Part C programs that may be related to fiscal issues? and (b) What is the perceived impact of funding on the quality of services for children and families? A majority of respondents indicated their state program implements a primary service provider model, relies heavily on medical funding streams such as Medicaid, and is experiencing provider shortages. In addition, respondents commented on quality, trends, and funding of their state Part C programs. The findings of this study provide insight about the general characteristics of Part C programs, along with the perceived impact of funding on Part C services at the national level for policy makers, administrators, professionals, and families.
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia: Report of 2 Cases With Genetic Analysis
Authors: Miyaoka Masashi , Hatanaka Kazuhito , Iwazaki Masayuki , Nakamura Naoya
Published: May 2018

We report 2 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma mimicking desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) with genetic analysis occurring in a 74-year-old woman and a 76-year-old woman. In both cases, the tumor was mainly composed of discohesive tumor cells, which filled and floated in the alveolar space in a DIP-like pattern. The tumor cells had abnormally large round to oval nuclei with fine chromatin and relatively abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm lacking pigmentation. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells in both cases were positive for CK7, TTF-1, napsin A, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and PD-L1 (one case had high expression and the other had low expression), and negative for CK5/6, CK20, p40, and ALK. However, the positive pattern of E-cadherin and β-catenin was incomplete on the circumference of the cell membrane in both cases and in one case, respectively. On genetic analysis, EGFR alteration (exon 21, L858R mutation) was observed in one case and ALK translocation was not observed in either. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pulmonary adenocarcinoma mimicking DIP with genetic analysis.
Analysis and design of periodic beams for vibration attenuation
Authors: Syed Muzaffaruddin , Bishay Peter L
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a new finite-element-based design procedure for geometrically periodic beam structures to target a specific desired attenuation frequency band. Using the “forward approach,” the effects of the cell geometric parameters on the location of the stop bands are first studied. Then using the “reverse approach,” explicit expressions for the start and end frequencies of all stop bands are derived as functions of the cell geometric parameters using a symbolic solver. These expressions are used in the design procedure to determine the cell geometric parameters that will result in vibration attenuation in the desired attenuation band. The design procedure has been validated by comparison with the results of the forward approach in different problems targeting the first or second stop bands. It was found that, depending on the frequency range of the desired attenuation band, and the stop band selected to target the desired attenuation band in the design, one, two or no solution set for the cell geometric parameters can be obtained. For the case of two available solutions, the designer will have two design options that satisfy the design requirements to choose from.
Assessment and individualized instruction in elementary general music: A case study
Authors: Salvador Karen
Published: May 2018

Elementary general music teachers have differing perspectives on the meaning and value of assessment, and few studies have examined how the results of assessment are applied in the classroom. In this case study, I investigated how one elementary general music teacher used information from assessments to individualize instruction. Over the course of seven weeks of observation, think-alouds, interviews, and reading the teacher’s journals, I discovered that my guiding questions had implied a simplistic, linear relationship of assessment and differentiation of instruction—that assessment led to individualization. Rather than the direct relationship my questions anticipated, Ms. Stevens’ music teaching was more like a tapestry that included nearly omnipresent threads of assessment and individualized instruction—threads that were often so interwoven as to be somewhat indistinguishable. This article describes the reciprocal, spiraling, intertwined nature of individualized assessment, teaching, and learning in Ms. Stevens’ classroom. I also discuss the related emergent themes of normalizing independent musicking and structuring open-response activities, which were impacted and undergirded by Ms. Stevens’ beliefs regarding the musicality of all children and the purpose of music education.
Investigation of adhesion and friction of an isotropic composite pillar
Authors: Eray Turgay , Koç İlker Murat , Sümer Bilsay
Published: May 2018

In this work, studies are carried out on the adhesion and friction of composite pillars contact with a smooth flat surface. The composite pillar is obtained by allocating additive metal particles to a polymer matrix. The aluminum micron-sized particles are added to a polymer matrix in different mass ratios, which is aimed at an alteration of structural properties such as the stiffness and damping that is likely to permit adhesion and friction properties to be tuned accordingly. The results demonstrate that incorporating aluminum particles to a polymer matrix yields a loss of adhesion, and metal particles have a minor influence on the change of friction force for different sliding velocities.
Transient thermal analysis of mixed-elastohydrodynamic contact of high performance transmission in a dry sump environment
Authors: Fatourehchi Ehsan , Mohammadpour Mahdi , Theodossiades Stephanos , Rahnejat Homer
Published: May 2018

Fuel efficiency is one of the main concerns in the optimisation of modern racing transmissions. The dry sump transmissions are the preferred choice for high performance racing applications. While it provides adequate lubricant for gear contacts, it minimises the system churning losses, and therefore enhances the system efficiency. An important aspect is assessing its thermal performance in removing the generated frictional heat. The generated heat in the highly loaded high shear contacts of racing transmissions should be dissipated through use of directed impinging oil jets and in an air–oil mist environment. The paper presents an integrated tribological and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis for a spur gear pair, incorporated into an overall finite element model to evaluate the quantity of generated heat and its removal rate from the rotating gear surfaces. Furthermore, the temperature distribution in the circumferential direction is predicted and used to evaluate transient temperature distribution over representative race laps. Such an approach has not hitherto been reported in literature.
Concurrent LETM and nerve root enhancement in spinal neurosarcoid: A case series
Authors: Deng Pojen , Krasnozhen-Ratush Olga , William Christopher , Howard Jonathan
Published: May 2018

Spinal neurosarcoidosis is a rare form of neurosarcoid which can be challenging to diagnose given its clinical or radiographic findings are often indistinguishable from other causes of spinal demyelinating disease. We present a series of three patients with spinal neurosarcoid, all of whom demonstrated concurrent longitudinally enhancing transverse myelitis as well as spinal nerve root enhancement. These findings may be suggestive of spinal neurosarcoid and may help clinicians make the diagnosis as well as reduce the need for invasive biopsy.
Antimicrobial stewardship through telemedicine and its impact on multi-drug resistance
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo P , Dalmora Camila H , Lukasewicz Stephani A , Carvalho Otávio , Deutschendorf Caroline , Lima Raquel , Leitzke Tiago , Correa Nilson C , Gambetta Marcelo V
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Telemedicine technologies are increasingly being incorporated into infectious disease practice. We aimed to demonstrate the impact of antimicrobial stewardship through telemedicine on bacterial resistance rates.

Methods

We conducted a quasi-experimental study in a 220-bed hospital in southern Brazil. An antimicrobial stewardship program incorporating the use of telemedicine was implemented. Resistance and antimicrobial consumption rates were determined and analysed using a segmented regression model.

Results

After the intervention, the rate of appropriate antimicrobial prescription increased from 51.4% at baseline to 81.4%. Significant reductions in the consumption of fluoroquinolones (level change, β = −0.80; P < 0.01; trend change, β = −0.01; P = 0.98), first-generation cephalosporins (level change, β = −0.91; P < 0.01; trend change, β = +0.01; P = 0.96), vancomycin (level change, β = −0.47; P = 0.04; trend change, β = +0.17; P = 0.66) and polymyxins (level change, β = −0.15; P = 0.56; trend change, β = −1.75; P < 0.01) were identified. There was an increase in the consumption of amoxicillin + clavulanate (level change, β = +0.84; P < 0.01; trend change, β = +0.14; P = 0.41) and cefuroxime (level change, β = +0.21; P = 0.17; trend change, β = +0.66; P = 0.02). A significant decrease in the rate of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolation (level change, β = +0.66; P = 0.01; trend change, β = −1.26; P < 0.01) was observed.

Conclusions

Telemedicine, which provides a tool for decision support and immediate access to experienced specialists, can promote better antibiotic selection and reductions in bacterial resistance.
Directional motion: An empirically based model of development in educational institutions
Authors: Kovač Velibor Bobo , Tveit Anne Dorthe , Omdal Heidi , Lund Ingrid
Published: April 2018

Although the quantity of literature on organizational sustainability in the realm of education represents a well-developed research area, the literature in this field does not sufficiently emphasize the notion of directional motion as important to institutional change. The aim of this work is the attempt to propose an empirically based model of ‘directional motion’ that is based on the intrinsically motivating process of experiencing movement. The study draws upon empirical material from six different educational institutions. The model systematically maps representations of the various stakeholders in terms of experienced motion in the participating institutions. The main elements in the model are ‘Pulsation’, ‘Motor’, ‘Direction’, and ‘Tempo’. Each of these main elements consists of several underlying processes that support the process of ‘directional motion’. Awareness about the sub-processes in the model creates a psychological sense of movement in the organization and consequently stimulates development and sustainable change on the institutional level.
Followership in complex trauma
Authors: Fadden Sarah , Mercer Simon J
Published: May 2018

Recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the importance of human factors in complex trauma management. A reorganisation of trauma services in England has led to the creation of Major Trauma Centres and Major Trauma Collaboratives, with dedicated Trauma Teams. Much attention has been devoted to the role of team leader and leadership skills, with the human factor concept of followership largely overlooked. This article examines the importance of followership in the trauma team, scrutinising several different followership styles. Followership should be highlighted during trauma team training, promoting the practice of good followership to support the team leader and improve patient care.
Clients’ downgrading reports about other people in welfare encounters: Matter out of place?
Authors: Solberg Janne
Published: May 2018

In welfare encounters, clients may from time to time report about other peoples’ doings in ways that are heard as more or less downgrading. This article examines how these reports are brought off in Norwegian vocational rehabilitation encounters, and especially, how the professional party aligns. Do such practices represent what Levinson calls ‘allowable contributions’ in the vocational rehabilitation meeting or are they treated as matter out of place? The analysis of five data extracts suggests that it is very important for the reception that the report is well contextualized and attuned to the institutional agenda. The counsellors displayed a neutral but cooperative alignment to reports integrated neatly in the business-at-hand in a top-down fashion (extracts 1–3). Here, the reports served as a tool to inform the recipient about the client’s own character and/or her experience of the rehabilitation process. However, in the two latter cases (extracts 4 and 5), where the client had a more initiating role, the reports appeared to have a more humorous or entertaining function. In response, the counsellors did not display alignment but searched for institutional relevance before re-contextualizing the report into a proper (institutional) context. This suggests that out-of-frame reports about other people delivered on a humorous footing do not straightforwardly fall into the category of ‘allowable contributions’ in this setting.
Questioning in court: The construction of direct examinations
Authors: Seuren Lucas M
Published: May 2018

While courtroom examinations are often recognized as a distinct speech-exchange system, little is known about how participants do an examination beyond its unique turn-taking system. This article attempts to shed some light on this issue by studying the question design during the direct examination in an American criminal court case using Conversation Analysis. It shows that attorneys use different question forms compared to casual conversation: declaratives are far less prevalent and questions are often designed as requests for action. In addition, attorneys make use of forms that are not found in other types of interaction, such as the tag ( is that) correct. The way in which attorneys design their questions additionally shows that the rules of the courtroom have procedural consequences for how the interaction is done. But these rules have to be enacted, and it is in their violation that participants bring about categories such as leading questions.
An experimental and numerical study of the mechanical properties of a cross-linked polyethylene subject to low-velocity impacts
Authors: Cummings Andrew
Published: May 2018

The response of a thermosetting cross-linked polyethylene, commercially referred to as Vitrite, has been studied experimentally and numerically. Two different testing programmes have been carried out; the first to characterise the mechanical properties of the material, and the second to provide information to validate a finite element model. Strain-rate dependent stress–strain curves have been obtained to determine the static and dynamic mechanical properties of Vitrite in tension and compression. Guided drop testing of a mass onto small scale samples has been used to study their deformation and rebound response. This has been compared to the deformation results of a finite element analysis model of the drop tests using the data obtained from the material characterisation tests as input to the model.
Modelling and simulation of alternative designs for the femur–implant interface of Journey patellofemoral prosthesis
Authors: Castro APG , Completo António , Simões JA , Flores Paulo
Published: May 2018

The implantation of conventional patellofemoral arthroplasty solutions has been identified as a source of later femur weakness, which is associated with bone resorption and stress-shielding effect. In this work, the Journey PFJ® arthroplasty system, of Smith & Nephew (UK), is investigated. The purpose is to evaluate the structural effects of different femoral components on the bone–implant interface. The finite element method is used to evaluate the influence of the geometry and stiffness of alternative implants, for post-implantation and long-term scenarios. Firstly, the original bone–femur interface of Journey PFJ®, with four fixation pins, was modelled. Secondly, four alternative models were developed: (i) model with two pins; (ii) model without pins; (iii) model with new pin design; (iv) model with increased thickness. The behaviour of the five models was evaluated and compared. Validation against experimental data was also performed. Results showed that the elastic strain is two to three times lower on bone areas close to the pins, in the post-implantation scenario, which is most likely due to a stress-shielding effect. In a long-term scenario, bone rupture by fatigue may occur, associated with an increase in elastic strains. This effect is particularly noticed in the implants supported by fixation pins. In addition, contact analyses evidenced that implant stability is best promoted without fixation pins. Such outcomes suggest that the alternative implant without fixation pins on the bone–femur interface can improve the protection of the femur after patellofemoral arthroplasty, assuming good cement fixation throughout the implant’s lifetime.
Family literacy in a low-income urban community in the Philippines
Authors: Tatel-Suatengco Rosarito , Florida Jennifer S
Published: April 2018

The growth of literacy in the Philippines is attributed to the formalization of the education system. Learning experiences from formal schooling and the home environmental influence, complement and reinforce the role of the teacher and the parent in promoting literacy. Home literacy practices which are centred on parent-child interaction can promote literacy through the sharing of information. This study examines home practices that are directly or indirectly associated with or promote family literacy. Narratives and stories of participant families about their literacy practices were gathered through naturalistic life-story interviews, observation and participation in selected outside activities. Themes were drawn from the data collected, wherein interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied in the analysis. Four themes were identified which focus on language; home strength and activities; faith, values and aspirations; and home and school connection. Languages used at home by the family serve as a springboard for family literacy, which also supports classroom instructions. Household chores and other home activities are used as a support to learn literacy concepts taught in school, such as science concepts, survival skills, hygiene and childcare. Family literacy practices are anchored in family values and aspirations that enable each family to pursue and sustain their literacy practices. Storytelling and reading are practised at home, which provides opportunities for teaching and learning among family members. Each family in this study found ways to maximize their limited resources to support the literacy of their children for better education. The findings suggest that the economic condition of the family is not a deterrent to family literacy practices. Family literacy practices depend upon the unique dynamics of each family, which are influenced by the languages used at home, household activities, family values and aspirations. Literacy practices are also related to teaching and learning activities at school.
Fashion, functionality, and the contemporary consumer
Authors: Tokatli Nebahat
Published: May 2018

Uniqlo has recently been challenging the paradigm behind the phenomenal success of Zara: while Zara has been all about fashion, Uniqlo claims to be all about functionality. Here I examine this corporate narrative within the context of a new paradigm in cultural sociology that brings to the fore the material and functional aspects of clothing consumption (as opposed to its fashion and identity-related aspects). This case study shows that we might be able to understand the contemporary consumer better, if we study the corporate narratives of our most popular retailers of fashion. After all, their survival depends upon a correct understanding of how exactly today’s consumers behave.
Stories of injustice: Towards a narrative victimology
Authors: Pemberton Antony , Mulder Eva , Aarten Pauline G.M.
Published: May 2018

Narrative has become a popular approach in a number of disciplines, including, recently, that of criminology. In this paper, we contend that the study of crime and harm would benefit from a complementary yet distinct perspective of narrative victimology. We discuss key characteristics that illuminate victimological experiences as inherently moral, and hence best addressed through a narrative approach. These include the attribution of intent, the experience of having harm done to oneself, and the narrative implications of being victimized, culminating in the root metaphor of victimization as a historical event. We argue why the narrative approach is particularly suited to the study victimization and its aftermath, including the interaction with justice processes and social surroundings. Suggestions for future research are included.
Comprehensive Sexuality Education as a Primary Prevention Strategy for Sexual Violence Perpetration
Authors: Schneider Madeline , Hirsch Jennifer S.
Published: May 2018

Sexual violence (SV) represents a serious public health problem with high rates and numerous health consequences. Current primary prevention strategies to reduce SV perpetration have been shown to be largely ineffective—not surprisingly, since as others have pointed out current prevention largely fails to draw on existing knowledge about the characteristics of effective prevention. In this article, we examine the potential of K–12 comprehensive sexuality education (CSE), guided by the National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES), to be an effective strategy. Our discussion uses socioecological and feminist theories as a guide, examines the extent to which NSES-guided CSE could both meet the qualities of effective prevention programs and mitigate the risk factors that are most implicated in perpetration behavior, and considers the potential limitations of this approach. We suggest that sequential, K–12 program has potential to prevent the emergence of risk factors associated with SV perpetration by starting prevention early on in the life course. CSE has not yet been evaluated with SV perpetration behavior as an outcome, and this article synthesizes what is known about drivers of SV perpetration and the potential impacts of CSE to argue for the importance of future research in this area. The primary recommendation is for longitudinal research to examine the impact of CSE on SV perpetration as well as on other sexual and reproductive health outcomes.
From Carl Czerny’s Miss Cecilia to the Cecilian: Engineering, Aesthetics, and Gendered Piano Instruction
Authors: Björkén-Nyberg Cecilia
Published: May 2018

In this article, Carl Czerny’s Letters to a Young Lady on the Art of Playing the Pianoforte (1837) is studied as a machine manual within the cybernetic economy of James Watt’s governor. It is argued that while the young pupil is encouraged to subject herself to a strict discipline of physical deportment at the piano, this activity is in conflict with her own desire to become a self-regulated learner. The key claim made is that although Czerny’s surveillance strategy prevents Miss Cecilia from breaking with the cybernetic ideal and appropriating the pianistic technology for purposes of virtuosic self-expression, she becomes aware of her latent agency and its potentially subversive implications for gendered music making. As such, Czerny’s piano manual addressed to the stereotypical nineteenth-century piano girl anticipates the pianistic discourse associated with the invention of the player piano at the turn of the twentieth century.
Should Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Women be Repaired at a Lower Diameter Threshold?
Authors: Deery Sarah E. , Schermerhorn Marc L.
Published: May 2018

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) primarily affects male patients; however, female patients with AAA have a faster rate of aneurysm growth, have higher risk of rupture even at smaller diameters, and have worse outcomes following repair of ruptured and intact aneurysms. Furthermore, early natural history studies and randomized controlled trials evaluating surveillance versus repair in small aneurysms were conducted primarily in male patients. Therefore, there are limited data regarding the ideal threshold for elective repair of AAA in women, either by aortic diameter or by alternative measures. We review the existing literature regarding AAA in women and consider the most appropriate threshold for repair.
Silk flow-diverter stent for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms: A one-year follow-up multicenter study
Authors: Foa Torres G , Roca F , Noguera A , Godes J , Petrocelli S , Aznar I , Ales S , Muszynski P , Maehara R , Vicente M , Pumar JM
Published: May 2018

Background

Flow-diverter stents have been successfully used in the treatment of complex aneurysms with limited therapeutic alternatives. We report our experience using the Silk flow diverter (SFD; Balt Extrusion, Montmorency, France) for the treatment of complex aneurysms in four Argentine centers.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 246 consecutive patients who were treated with the SFD at four Argentine centers between January 2009 and January 2017. The patient and aneurysm characteristics, as well as the details of the procedure, were analyzed. The angiographic and clinical findings were recorded during and immediately after the procedure and at 12-month follow-up.

Results

Angiography follow-up at 12 months was possible in 235 patients (95.5%) with 282 aneurysms. A total of 265 aneurysms (93.9%) presented with complete occlusion of the aneurysmal sac (class 1) and 17 aneurysms (6.1%) presented with partial occlusion (class 2). The 12-month clinical follow-up showed 11 patients with major events (seven, scale 2; five, scale 3; and two, scale 4). The morbidity and mortality rates were 4.2% (11/289) and 2.1% (5/289), respectively.

Conclusions

The treatment of aneurysms with the SFD was associated with a low rate of complications and a high percentage of aneurysmal occlusion. These findings suggest that SFD is an effective and safe alternative in the endovascular treatment of complex aneurysms.