bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling effective elastic properties of digital rocks using a new dynamic stress-strain simulation method
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhao Luanxiao , Shan Rui
Published: July 2017

We have developed a dynamic stress-strain simulation methodology to compute effective elasticity on digital rocks in a wide range of frequency based on the rotated staggered grid finite-difference method. The primary advantage of this simulator lies in characterizing the anisotropic behavior of complex porous rocks by setting specified boundary conditions along specified directions: The edges perpendicular to the propagating wave are applied with a strain boundary condition, and the edges parallel to the propagating wave are applied with a periodic boundary condition. The accuracy of the simulator is validated by comparing the simulating results in microinhomogeneous porous media containing randomly distributed inclusions and aligned oriented cracks, with that obtained by effective medium theories of self-consistent approximation in isotropic and anisotropic domains. This dynamic simulator can successfully capture anisotropic magnitude of rocks containing needle-like inclusions with different degrees of alignment. For real digital rock saturated with viscoelastic fluids, it is able to predict the dependence of velocities and attenuating factors on the frequency. We found that the magnitude of dispersion increases with the increase of pore fluid viscosity. Therefore, this method offers a robust and effective tool to compute effective elastic properties and anisotropy for real complex porous rocks.
Multiazimuth coherence
Authors: Qi Jie , Li Fangyu , Marfurt Kurt
Published: July 2017

Since its introduction two decades ago, coherence has been widely used to map structural and stratigraphic discontinuities such as faults, cracks, karst collapse features, channels, stratigraphic edges, and unconformities. With the intent to map azimuthal variations of horizontal stress as well as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of unconventional resource plays, wide-/full-azimuth seismic data acquisition has become common. Migrating seismic traces into different azimuthal bins costs no more than migrating them into one bin. If the velocity anisotropy is not taken into account by the migration algorithm, subtle discontinuities and some major faults may exhibit lateral shifts, resulting in a smeared image after stacking. Based on these two issues, we evaluate a new way to compute the coherence for azimuthally limited data volumes. Like multispectral coherence, we modify the covariance matrix to be the sum of the covariance matrices, each of which belongs to an azimuthally limited volume, and then we use the summed covariance matrix to compute the coherent energy. We validate the effectiveness of our multiazimuth coherence by applying it to two seismic surveys acquired over the Fort Worth Basin, Texas. Not surprisingly, multiazimuth coherence exhibits less incoherent noise than coherence computed from azimuthally limited amplitude volumes. If the data have been migrated using an azimuthally variable velocity, multiazimuth coherence exhibits higher lateral resolution than that computed from the stacked data. In contrast, if the data have not been migrated using an appropriate azimuthally variable velocity model, the misalignment of each image results in a blurring of the multiazimuth coherence and the coherence computed from the stacked data. This suggests that our method may serve as a future tool for azimuthal velocity analysis.
Effect of sedimentary environment on shale lithofacies in the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation, Zhanhua Sag, eastern China
Authors: Li Tingwei , Jiang Zhenxue , Xu Chenlu , Yuan Yuan , Wang Pengfei , Liu Guoheng , Zhang Bo , Ning Chuanxiang , Wang Zhi
Published: July 2017

Research on shale lithofacies is important for shale oil and gas production. This study focused on the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation ([Formula: see text]) in the Luo-69 well in the Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China. Several methods, including thin section observations, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, quantitative evaluations of minerals by scanning electron microscopy, major and trace-element analyses, and field emission-scanning electron microscopy, are used to investigate the effect of sedimentary environment on the type and distribution of shale lithofacies. Our research indicates that 36 types of shale lithofacies can be classified based on the TOC content, mineral composition, and sedimentary structure, of which five types are identified in the study area. The [Formula: see text] shale has a high calcareous mineral content (average of 49.64%), low clay and siliceous minerals contents (averages of 19.54% and 19.02%, respectively), a high TOC content (average of 3.00 wt%), and well-developed horizontal bedding. The sedimentary environment during the deposition of the [Formula: see text] shale in the Zhanhua Sag had a warm and moist climate, limited provenance, saline water, and strong reducibility. The sedimentary environment in the early stage had a drier climate, more limited provenance, higher salinity, and stronger reducibility than that in the later stage. Shale lithofacies can reflect a certain sedimentary environment and depositional process; similarly, a depositional environment controls the type and distribution of shale lithofacies. Due to the characteristics of the [Formula: see text] sedimentary environment, organic-rich massive mixed shale, organic-rich bedded mixed-calcareous shale, organic-rich laminated calcareous shale, and organic-fair laminated calcareous shale are developed in the [Formula: see text] formation from top to bottom.
Use of Bisphosphonates and Risk of Breast Cancer in a French Cohort of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Fournier Agnès , Mesrine Sylvie , Gelot Amandine , Fagherazzi Guy , Baglietto Laura , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Chabbert-Buffet Nathalie
Published: July 2017

Purpose

To assess whether bisphosphonate (BP) use is associated with decreased breast cancer incidence in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

Methods

The study population included 64,438 postmenopausal women participating in the French E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale) prospective cohort, with data self-reported in biennial questionnaires matched with data from a drug reimbursement database. Exposure to BPs and the use of other osteoporosis treatments during follow-up were determined using reimbursement data. Other covariates (breast cancer risk factors, clinical risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, and bone mineral density surveillance) originated from the questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, considering exposure as a time-varying variable.

Results

Over an average of 7.2 years of follow-up (2004 to 2011), 2,407 first primary breast cancer cases were identified. The HR of breast cancer associated with exposure to BPs was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.12). We found no effect modification by age, body mass index, time since menopause, use of hormone replacement therapy, use of calcium supplements, or use of vitamin D supplements. There was no heterogeneity across BP molecules and no trend according to cumulative dose, duration of use, or time since last use. We observed a decrease in breast cancer risk restricted to the year after treatment initiation (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.87), which was likely explained by healthy screenee bias. Finally, we did not find any variation in HRs across breast carcinomas defined by their estrogen receptor or invasive or in situ status.

Conclusion

In our observational cohort of postmenopausal women observed from 2004 to 2011, BP use, likely prescribed for the management of osteoporosis, was not associated with decreased breast cancer incidence.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Utilization of Anesthetic Care During Pregnancy and Delivery: A French Retrospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study
Authors: Kantor Elie , Guglielminotti Jean , Azria Elie , Luton Dominique , Laurent Mandelbrot , Oury Jean-François , Mahieu-Caputo Dominique , Ravaud Philippe , Estellat Candice
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:

Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced use of antenatal resources and poor maternal outcomes with pregnancy. Research examining the association between socioeconomic deprivation and use of obstetric anesthesia care in a country providing universal health coverage is scarce. We hypothesized that in a country providing universal health coverage, France, socioeconomic deprivation is not associated with reduced use of anesthetic care during pregnancy and delivery. This study aimed to examine the association between socioeconomic deprivation and (1) completion of a mandatory preanesthetic evaluation during pregnancy and (2) use of neuraxial analgesia during labor.

METHODS:

Data were from a cohort of 10,419 women who delivered between 2010 and 2011 in 4 public teaching hospitals in Paris. We used a deprivation index that included 4 criteria: social isolation, poor housing condition, no work-related household income, and state-funded health care insurance. Socioeconomic deprivation was defined as a deprivation index greater than 1. Preanesthetic evaluation was considered completed if performed more than 48 hours before delivery. The association between socioeconomic deprivation and completion of the preanesthetic evaluation and use of neuraxial labor analgesia was assessed by multivariable logistic regression adjusting for education level, country of birth, and maternal and pregnancy characteristics.

RESULTS:

Preanesthetic evaluation was completed for 8142 of the 8624 women (94.4%) analyzed and neuraxial labor analgesia was used by 6258 of the 6834 women analyzed (91.6%). After adjustment, socioeconomic deprivation was associated with reduced probability of completed preanesthetic evaluation (adjusted odds ratio 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.98]; P = .027) but not use of neuraxial labor analgesia (adjusted odds ratio 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.07]; P = .540).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a country providing universal health care coverage, women who were socioeconomically deprived showed reduced completion of preanesthetic evaluation during pregnancy but not reduced use of neuraxial labor analgesia. Interventions should be targeted to socioeconomically deprived women to increase the completion of the preanesthetic evaluation.
Asymmetric distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor α regulates dorsoventral axis establishment in the early sea urchin embryo
Authors: Chang Wei-Lun , Chang Yi-Cheng , Lin Kuan-Ting , Li Han-Ru , Pai Chih-Yu , Chen Jen-Hao , Su Yi-Hsien
Published: July 2017

Hypoxia signaling is an ancient pathway by which animals can respond to low oxygen. Malfunction of this pathway disturbs hypoxic acclimation and can result in various diseases, including cancers. The role of hypoxia signaling in early embryogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that in the blastula of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα), the downstream transcription factor of the hypoxia pathway, is localized and transcriptionally active on the future dorsal side. This asymmetric distribution is attributable to its oxygen-sensing ability. Manipulations of the HIFα level entrained the dorsoventral axis, as the side with the higher level of HIFα tends to develop into the dorsal side. Gene expression analyses revealed that HIFα restricts the expression of nodal to the ventral side and activates several genes encoding transcription factors on the dorsal side. We also observed that intrinsic hypoxic signals in the early embryos formed a gradient, which was disrupted under hypoxic conditions. Our results reveal an unprecedented role of the hypoxia pathway in animal development.
The B-type cyclin CYB-1 maintains the proper position and number of centrosomes during spermatogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yoon Sunghee , Kawasaki Ichiro , Shim Yhong-Hee
Published: July 2017

Depletion of cyb-1, a major B-type cyclin expressed during Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis, causes a meiotic division arrest in diakinesis-stage spermatocytes with multiple and mispositioned centrosomes. Association of the two nuclear membrane proteins SUN-1 and ZYG-12 is essential for centrosome–nuclear envelope attachment. We found that depletion of sun-1 causes centrosome defects similar to those caused by cyb-1 depletion in diakinesis-stage spermatocytes. In addition, Ser8 and Ser43 residues in SUN-1 are dephosphorylated in cyb-1-depleted diakinesis-stage spermatocytes. Nevertheless, dephosphorylation of these residues was not sufficient to reproduce the cyb-1-related centrosome defects. We then found that the ZYG-12::GFP signal in the nuclear envelope was significantly reduced in the cyb-1-depleted diakinesis-stage spermatocytes. However, only mispositioned but not multiplied centrosomes were observed in zyg-12 mutant diakinesis-stage spermatocytes, suggesting that zyg-12 is not involved in the centrosome duplication at this stage. Our results suggest that CYB-1 functions to maintain proper positioning of centrosomes during spermatogenesis by regulating phosphorylation of SUN-1, which is possibly crucial for the association between SUN-1 and ZYG-12. This phosphorylation of SUN-1 may also regulate centrosome duplication independently of ZYG-12.
Molecular and ultrastructural studies of a fibrillar collagen from octocoral (Cnidaria)
Authors: Orgel Joseph P. R. O. , Sella Ido , Madhurapantula Rama S. , Antipova Olga , Mandelberg Yael , Kashman Yoel , Benayahu Dafna , Benayahu Yehuda
Published: July 2017

We report here the biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural features of a unique organization of fibrillar collagen extracted from the octocoral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. Collagen, the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, is often defined as a structural component of extra-cellular matrices in metazoans. In the present study, collagen fibers were extracted from the mesenteries of S. ehrenbergi polyps. These fibers are organized as filaments and further compacted as coiled fibers. The fibers are uniquely long, reaching an unprecedented length of tens of centimeters. The diameter of these fibers is 9 ±0.37 µm.The amino acid content of these fibers was identified using chromatography and revealed close similarity in content to mammalian type I and II collagens. The ultrastructural organization of the fibers was characterized by means of high resolution microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The fibers are composed of fibrils and fibril bundles in the range of 15 to 35 nm. These data indicate a fibrillar collagen possessing structural aspects of both types I and II, a highly interesting and newly described form of fibrillar collagen organization.
Fosbury flop tear of the rotator cuff: diagnostic assessment with magnetic resonance arthrography
Authors: Kolo Frank C , Schwitzguébel Adrien J , Kourhani Abed , Denard Patrick J , Charbonnier Caecilia , Lädermann Alexandre
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

The aim was to assess the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) of the shoulder for the detection of "Fosbury flop" tears.

Methods:

All patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were considered as potentially eligible for inclusion in this prospective case series. Preoperative MRAs were consecutively performed and compared with intraoperative findings being the gold standard control. Two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists, blinded to the arthroscopic findings, independently analysed all MRAs for the presence of typical signs of Fosbury flop tears.

Results:

423 patients were included. Among this group, 11 presented a Fosbury flop tear with a prevalence of 2.6%. Interobserver agreement was considered as excellent for thickened tendon, tendon stump, fluid accumulation, abnormal fibres orientationand adherences between tendon and bursa. The most sensitive and specific criterion was the tendon thickness[90.9% CI (62.3–98.4) and 97.1% CI (95.0–98.3), respectively]. 

Conclusions:

Fosbury flop tear is an uncommon condition that should be recognized to allow optimal anatomic repair. MRA is a valuable tool in making the diagnosing of this lesser recognized type of rotator cuff tear. An abnormally thickened supraspinatus tendon tear should especially raise suspicion for a Fosbury flop tear of the posterosuperior rotator cuff.

Advances in knowledge:

MRA is a valuable tool in making the diagnosing of Fosbury flop tears. An abnormally thickened supraspinatus tendon tear should especially raise suspicion for such lesion.
Development of regulatory and methodological support of the use of forest fund lands and lands of other categories for the plantation
Authors: Желдак  , Zheldak Vladimir , Родин  , Rodin Sergey , Сидоренков  , Sidorenkov Viktor , Дорощенкова  , Doroshchenkova Elvira
Published: July 2017

Due to the increasing demand of the plantation and their exploitation for timber harvesting of definite species, assortment composition and amount, and the need to develop (specifying) the general provisions of the Forest Code, regulating the use of (implementation) of this type of forest use, the goal is set: on the basis of the analysis of existing information on forest plantations in the country and abroad, to develop guidelines to expand the legal and regulatory methodical maintenance of the plantation and exploitation by solving setting criteria for identification of special plantation forests, development of ecological and silvicultural requirements for selection and use of areas of forest land and other categories for the plantation, forming, with the established requirements, methodical provisions defining selection and provision of plots for this type of use of forests, composition of measures in laying and breeding plantation forests, planning and carrying out cutting of forest planting and harvesting. As the result of solution of these tasks draft guidelines is made, containing system provisions reflecting the characteristics of the plantation, distinguish them from other forest plantations, all (major) requirements and the corresponding measures to establish forest plantations and their operation, as well as proposals designed to repel provisions in the legislation by amending the Forest Code, supplementing the provisions in the legal documents - Terms of forest tending, harvesting rules and others, governing the use of forest plantations for harvesting and other measures to ensure the overall effective establishment and operation of forest plantations, while maintaining ecological and resource potential of forests. In furtherance of the implementation of legislative and legal norms and fundamental methodological facilities for the effective delivery of interventions of creation and use of forest plantations are developed specific guidelines and methodology for creation and operation of certain types of forest plantations, including by the regions of the country are developed.
Assessment of the potential of different types of thinning based on the analysis of satellite data Landsat 8
Authors: Жафяров  , Zhafyarov Arutur , Дорощенкова  , Doroshchenkova Elvira , Сидоренков  , Sidorenkov Viktor , Ильин  , Ilin Fedor
Published: July 2017

Restriction of access to data of forest inventory leads to difficulties in the implementation of scientific developments in the field of forestry, as a significant part of them until the business implementation passes a way of testing and improvements carried out actually on the enthusiasm of developers. Taking into account difficulty in obtaining forest inventory data for research in the article there is an example of the definition of information on forest plantations on the basis of the decryption freeware remote sensing data from Landsat 8 (OLI). One advantage of the processing of these data is their accessibility to any territory of Russia, as well as the presence of a significant number of spectral channels, which allows using different methods of analysis of satellite imagery to determine the characteristics of forest stands. Based on the information assignment of forestry activities for the care of forests is made and the proportion of various activities in the overall system of care for forests is assessed. The results show the possibility of using modern methods of processing of satellite data for a preliminary analysis of forest resources in a certain area in order to obtain information on forest plantations. When working to verify the results reference areas were used laid down in the stands of different composition. When conducting field experiments we focused on the naturally-formed plantings in place of clearcuts. Data of test plots were associated with automatic classification standards that are being implemented in the program Envi. In areas with a lack of data on test plots verification was carried out using partially materials of forest inventory, as well as of remote shooting of high-resolution 1.2 m placed in the public domain on Google and Yandex services. The results show the possibility of a preliminary analysis of the potential destination of different activities of forest care based on freely available data of Earth remote sensing (ERS).
Phytocenoses biodiversity in "Utrish" reserve
Authors: Чернодубов  , Chernodubov Aleksey , Руденок  , Rudenok Yana
Published: July 2017

We consider data on a variety of different forest forming tree species in a unique facility of Mediterranean flora on Russian territory – State Nature Reserve "Utrish." Conifers are represented by three species of junipers (Juniperus exelsa Bieb., Juniperus foetidissima Willd., Juniperus oxycedrus L.), Rinus kochiana Klotsc, Pinus pityusa Stev., Taxus baccata L. Greek Juniper is a dominating one on the area of 563.2 hectares, followed by prickly juniper (52.8 ha) and stinking juniper (38.9 ha). Their age is ranged from 121 to 141 years. The average height of juniper woodlands, where juniper stands as forest formimg species ranges from 5.4 m, with an average diameter of 16.3 cm for forests with Juniperus oxycedrus dominance to 7.6 m with an average diameter of 27.1 cm, in the case of Juniperus foetidissima and 6.9 m with an average diameter of 26.2 cm for Juniperus exelsa. Hardwoods dominate in the composition of forests in the reserve. Oak forests cover an area of about 7500 hectares. Large areas are under European ash forests dedicated to wetter conditions in the valleys in the crevices and flattened sheltered gullies. Examples of these types are associated with forests and the dominance of the Caucasian hornbeam, field maple. Carpinus orientalis usually playing a role in the undergrowth juniper stands and oak forests with dominance of pubescent oak forms plantations in clearings. Conifers are dominant in the coastal part of the reserve, and oak forests are basic phytocenoses forming the forest reserve "Utrish".
Questions to accounting of heat loss in the joints of frame-panel wooden elements
Authors: Власов  , Vlasov Anton , Кардаш  , Kardash Elena , Рощина  , Roshchina Svetlana , Грешкина  , Greshkina Ekaterina
Published: July 2017

The factors of heat loss in the joints of frame-panel wooden elements, used mainly in low-rise construction, are considered. Frame-panel construction is the most promising type of low-rise buildings referring improving the quality and reducing the time of construction of residential buildings. The most important issue is the design and quality of the connections of wall panel elements of a wooden frame on the construction site. The review of the used types of joints is made, the advantages and disadvantages of design and technological solutions are considered. In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of the criteria indicated by the design and technological solutions of connection units of panel elements of houses. An important component of ensuring the quality of the building, prolonging the performance of structures, as well as boosting energy-saving characteristics of the connection is imperviousness. There is a direct relationship between the degree of air permeability of the outer shell and the thickness of the insulation requirements for buildings. Improved imperviousness of building helps to avoid later unnecessary heating costs, increases the efficiency of the ventilation system and as a result saves the owner costs for construction and operation. The problem of taking into account the heat loss by convection heat transfer using the theory of mass transfer in the gas channel in the presence of a temperature gradient parallel to the wall is considered. Dependences of the heat loss on the value of looseness in the field joints are built. The issue of improving the design and technological solutions of joints of large items on a wooden frame is relevant and requires a comprehensive approach taking into account the characteristics for imperviousness, thermal conductivity, manufacturability and assembly.
Study of the frictional properties of brake pads with different relief of oil ducts
Authors: Поляков  , Polyakov Nikolay
Published: July 2017

Some technological operations – stump extraction, preparation of forest roads are made by machines based on powerful caterpillar tractors. One of the problematic units of caterpillar tractors is band brakes of "dry" friction. Typically, friction tape must be changed after two ТО-3. Belt shoe brakes, working in oil, have higher durability (at least one order of magnitude). Apart from the choice of a special friction material for such a brake oil supply system must be ensured and special oil ducts on the working surfaces of the pads. In the literature several fundamental configurations of ducts are known. We, together with specialists from Cheboksary Industrial Tractor Plant have selected cruciform shape of cutting ducts. Due to a variety of factors and difficulties passing on the cutting-friction contact of phenomena analytical method for the selection of the geometry of ducts is difficult. We used full-scale experiment with the previously selected friction asbestos polymer material no. 410-120. Tests were conducted on a combined stand. To simplify this type of test we used not the whole belt of the four pads, but only one pad. To do this, stand design was modified; strain-gage chain was changed to record braking torque. The tests were carried out under braking stops. Different geometries of oil ducts on the different modes of operation were explored. The following parameters were varied: the density of cutting; the width of the ducts; depth of the ducts; angle to the axis of the ducts. Frictional properties and the temperature at the friction surface were evaluated. The best performances of ducts cutting were chosen after tests. mm; mm; mm ; . The results of the work are introduced in production.
Evaluation of crushing grains of different cultures by bucket elevator
Authors: Шатохин  , Shatokhin Ivan , Парфенов  , Parfenov Aleksey
Published: July 2017

One of the factors ensuring sufficient grain is the use of high quality seeds for sowing and harvest preservation at all stages of production. In this case, important value has such indicator of quality of grain, as its damage. According to many researchers grain passing through the machines during post-harvest processing, often has more physical damage than the incoming for processing. When used for sowing seeds is mechanically damaged grain yields is sharply reduced. Under adverse conditions 1 % of injured seeds leads to lower grain yields for 30-50 kg / ha. In this connection, we evaluated the quality of grain handling in terms of crushing of various cultures on the production line of winnowing machine ЗАВ-40 in LLC "Fakel" of Petropavlovsky district of the Voronezh region. The results of crushing grain in bucket elevators during its processing at grain cleaning unit ЗАВ-40 are presented. Also the results of the relative increase in grain crushing in bucket elevators during its processing at grain cleaning unit ЗАВ-40 are presented. It has been established that the considered processing line of postharvest processing of grain should be improved by reducing the number of elevators, or, in extreme cases, opportunities to modernize the elevator in order to reduce damage to the grain should be sought. Moreover, these activities will be particularly significant in the processing of grain and seeds with low strength of the casing, which can be attributed, and sunflower. This fact suggests that the farms must have grain cleaning units not only for the processing of food and seed grain, but also sunflower.
System of economic safety threat of the national economy in the current economic conditions
Authors: Османов  , Osmanov Zhasym , Константинов  , Konstantinov Artem
Published: July 2017

This article from the perspective of the typology of threats to economic security analysis of the current state of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is held. The authors investigated the relationship of category "economic security" with other categories, such as "danger", "challenge". As a result, it was concluded that these paired safety categories are useful to be defined as the possibility of negative effects on the economic system. In today´s economy of Kazakhstan a number of challenges of the XXI century are highlighted, leading to a fundamental change in the conditions of existence of human civilization. The authors proved that any factor that speeds up or slows down economic growth to some extent acts as threats or determinant of economic security. Under these circumstances, the most urgent is to examine the content of threats to economic security. The most common typology is the distinction between threats into external and internal ones, to the classification of threats within these types there is a large number of points of view. The author suggests the total system of threats of economic security of the national economy, formed on the basis of a study of classifications of different authors. In the analysis of external threats special attention is paid to the country´s foreign economic position. For Kazakhstan, this position is of crucial importance, since it is necessary to fight for the actual, not declared, economic independence. Key threats to the economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan are defined: the raw nature of export activities; priority of foreign firms when choosing control subjects; high financial dependence on other countries; low level of infrastructure provision of foreign trade activ-ity as a deterrent to attract foreign investments. The most significant internal threats are: high levels of structural deformation of the economy; low level of competitiveness; lack of scientific and technical potential; monopolization of the economic sector; low investment activity and priority in investing in brokering and financial activities, but not in production.
A mathematical model of the aerodynamics of drying chambers with vertical transverse circulation
Authors: Земцовский  , Zemtsovskiy Aleksey , Мануковский  , Manukovskiy Andrey
Published: July 2017

In the article, from the standpoint of aerodynamics considered the concept of a mathematical model of the circulation channels marketing chambers of variable cross section with a vertically transverse circulation. Factors affecting the uniformity of the air flow in the pile of lumber. Developed analytical mathematical model of the motion of drying agent on the side channel of variable cross section. Revealed that the parameters of the lateral channel of the drying chamber of variable cross section does not depend on the temperature and humidity of the circulating air, and hence from the "rigidity" of the drying mode.
Formation of key indicators evaluation economic characteristics of functioning of objects forest infrastructure
Authors: Сухова  , Sukhova Valentina , Морковина  , Morkovina Svetlana , Васильев  , Vasilyev Oleg
Published: July 2017

The questions of formation of the system of indicators for assessing eco-nomic characteristics of functioning infrastructure system reforestation-making. Applied in the forest complex system of indicators to assess the functioning of infrastructure does not reflect the effectiveness, impact and intensity of use of advances is-resources, the level of achievement of targets and complements, you plan targets.
Processes to ensure the sustainable development of the forest sector
Authors: Апсалямова  , Apsalyamova Saida , Хут  , Khut Ruslan
Published: July 2017

Continuous monitoring allows you not only to detect deviations from the planned economic indicators, but also to anticipate them as well as to assess the causes of errors and quickly make informed management decisions. In order to effectively use significant potential of forest, recreational and protective components forestry must have a clear working system of monitoring of indicators of sustainable development, which will optimize the socio-economic infrastructure of the region, taking into account the real possibilities and the potential of the forest sector.
CALCULATION OF TRACTION AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF METRO WITH DIFFERENT ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEMS BY PROGRAM «MATHCAD»
Authors: Ле Суан  , Le Xuan Hong , Тулупов  , Tulupov V.
Published: July 2017

The article presents the development of a universal program traction and energy calculations for Metro with different electric traction systems
RELEVANCE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA
Authors: Рахманкулова  , Rakhmankulova R. , Красникова  , Krasnikova D.
Published: July 2017

This article explores relevance of obtaining energy using alternative and renewable energy sources. Particular attention is devotes a new kind of biofuel, which has become popular in Europe - fuel pellets. Identified and justified the need to increase the production of pellet fuel in Russia, gives concrete examples, which are supported by figures. Moreover, the authors expound the advantages and disadvantages of biofuel production in Russia
TECHNOLOGICAL ANALISIS FOR ALTERNATIVE POWER SOURCES CONVERSED INTO MOTOR FUEL
Authors: Никонова  , Nikonova A. , Абу-Ниджим  , Abu-Nidzhim R. , Фомин  , Fomin V.
Published: July 2017

The article outlines the results of comparative analysis and experimental evaluation of technological effectiveness for some types of alternative sources to be recycled into fuel for automobile engines.
THE METHOD OF CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM CONTACT PRESSURE WHEEL ON SOIL MOVER WITH THE USE OF UNIVERSAL BUS CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Лавров  , Lavrov A. , Шевцов  , Shevtsov V. , Годжаев  , Godzhaev Z. , Русанов  , Rusanov A.
Published: July 2017

The authors of this article propose the method of estimating the maximum contact pressure of a drive wheel on the supporting base. The article analyzes the changes in maximum ground pressure for a range of inflation tyre pressures and vertical wheel loads
DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMATED WORKPLACE OF THE SELLER OF SHOP OF AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES
Authors: Исхаков  , Iskhakov M. , Хусаинова  , Khusainova G.
Published: July 2017

In this work design, development and debugging of the software product intended for automation of work of the seller of automobile accessories is considered
IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY BASED ON GLOBAL POSITIONING ROAD TRANSPORT AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ON PREVENTION OF ROAD ACCIDENTS
Authors: Загородних  , Zagorodnikh N.
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the use of global positioning systems to reduce traffic accidents and a device that allows to evaluate the driving style of the vehicle
CALCULATION OF CONCENTRATION OF EMISSIONS OF THE POLLUTING SUBSTANCES BY THE MOTOR TRANSPORT IN AREAS VORONEZH
Authors: Белокуров  , Belokurov V. , Тарасова  , Tarasova E. , Кораблев  , Korablev R. , Мещеряков  , Meshcheryakov P.
Published: July 2017

The technique of determination of concentration of emissions of ZV by the motor transport in the course of its operation in districts of Voronezh is considered. The actions allowing to improve an ecological situation in the city are considered
ENSURE TRAFFIC SAFETY BIAXIAL VEHICLES WHEN MAKING AN EMERGENCY BRAKING IN AN OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Назаров  , Nazarov V. , Назаров  , Nazarov I. , Назаров  , Nazarov A.
Published: July 2017

This paper proposes a variant of improving the safe operation of two-axle vehicles during emergency braking performance in road conditions, taking into account the aerodynamic disturbing factors influencing the implemented braking forces by enhancing rear axle without any loss of stability and controllability
METHOD FOR DETERMINING PARAMETERS OF TRAFFIC AT THE CROSSROADS UNREGULATED ROAD NETWORK CITY
Authors: Дорохин  , Dorokhin S. , Тарасова  , Tarasova E.
Published: July 2017

The method of determining the parameters of the organization of traffic in the unregulated intersection. The aim is to study the methodology for the calculation of the parameters of the traffic on the unregulated crossroads town. This will improve the capacity of the intersection and ensure road safety
CONSTRUCTING A MODEL OF THE ROAD NETWORK (S. SUVOROV)
Authors: Минкин  , Minkin I. , Пышный  , Pyshnyy V.
Published: July 2017

The article describes the preparation of input data and model building of the road network as a graph using the software and analytical complex Transnet
ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF TRIBOTECHNICAL STRUCTURE OF "SUPROTEK" ON MAINTENANCE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors: Митин  , Mitin S. , Лемешева  , Lemesheva E. , Тихомиров  , Tikhomirov P.
Published: July 2017

The analysis of practical researches of influence of tribotechnical structure on possibility of maintenance of an internal combustion engine is carried out
USE OF HYDROPHOBIC SLIDE IN THE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT
Authors: Попов  , Popov E. , Новиков  , Novikov Anatoliy
Published: July 2017

The article outlines the main areas of use of the hydrophobic slide in automobile transport
State and stability of pine plantings in the conditions of anthropogenous influence (on the example of the camp site «Forestry fairy tale»)
Authors: Тимащук  , Timashchuk Darya
Published: July 2017

Conducted dendrochronological and dendroclimatic analyses of the status and growth rates of natural stands of Scots pine V age class (ТЛУ-В2) growing in the area of recreation impact on the territory of the camp "Forest fairy tale", and at some distance from it. When reducing recreational pressure, a 30 % increase the percentage of stock of trees the category of "no signs of weakening." Weighted average of the category status is changed from 1,8 to 3,3 with increasing recreational load.
Importance of mineral nutrition in the life caucasian chamois in the Sochi national park
Authors: Семенов  , Semenov Umar , Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay , Воронин  , Voronin Nikolay
Published: July 2017

The trophic spectrum of wild hoofed animals Caucasus, mineral nutrition is important. As an experiment, 67 quarter forestry Adler, Sochi National Park, near the habitat of the сaucasian chamois was laid artificial source of salt. Materials for the study of the value of mineral nutrition of wild animals were the photos produced by the installation of the pilot area of automatic photo-recorder. Gathered for the annual period photographs were processed and systematized. The data allowed analyzing the dynamics of artificial source of salt visit.
Influence of technological factors on the strength of the adhesive compounds of wood, formed on the basis of magneto-treated adhesives
Authors: Попов  , Popov Viktor
Published: July 2017

In this paper the technological method, based kotorog laid the effect of increasing the bonding strength of wood formed based adhesives used in the wood subjected to modification by exposing the adhesive static magnetic field. The influence of the main technological factors influencing the formation of adhesive joints based adhesives modified by the influence of the magnetic field. It was established experimentally the effect of field strength, the time of his ex-posure, pressure and temperature. It is shown that the dominant influence on the strength of ad-hesives on a magnetic field.
Analytical study of the process of destruction of soil layer machines for digging with active working bodies
Authors: Казаков  , Kazakov Vladimir , Казаков  , Kazakov Igor
Published: July 2017

The article presents the results of analytical studies of the process of destruction of soil layer wicomoco dishwasher with active working bodies in the form of beat and otmahivala for digging planting material in forest nurseries. The proposed formula for determining the maximum bending moment arising from the destruction of soil formation. Considered a condition that guaranteed the destruction of the formation of soil, and given a formula to determine the maxi-mum bending stresses, taking into account geometric and kinematische parameters of working bodies.
The role of small business in the sphere of economy development of the forest Russia
Authors: Соколинская  , Sokolinskaya Yuliya
Published: July 2017

This article investigated the relationship of small business forestry sector (in the form of performance "The number of small businesses (excluding micro enterprises) in the field of agri-culture, hunting and forestry, (according to the sample survey), thousands" and "The turnover of small businesses (excluding micro enterprises) in the field of agriculture, hunting and forestry (according to the sample survey), billion rubles") and the development of the forestry sector di-rectly (in the form of a productive indicator" Gross value added in agriculture, hunting and fore-stry, and the gross domestic product, bln").
Component characteristics of cluster sparsely forest region
Authors: Яковлева  , Yakovleva Elena
Published: July 2017

The conditions for the development of clusters in sparsely zone of Central Federal District. It is noted that here there is a developed market environment, the competitive environment, the institutional environment, the work environment. The rating factor conditions for the formation of the cluster of the forest sector with low forest cover in the region has shown that the cluster can be formed as a set of subclusters deep wood processing, recreation, forestry, lesoagroland-shafta and green technologies, ecological forestry, are in networking, in which creates a final product with high added value.
Applied the theory of artificial intellect for the solving stability ground mass
Authors: Коробкин  , Korobkin E. , Астахова  , Astakhova I. , Хицкова  , Khitskova Yu.
Published: July 2017

Paper is devoted to a problem of ensuring stability of the soil massif by use of an automatic control system. Today the main problem of the soil-cultivating units used on slopes and also in the conditions of a difficult relief and existence of obstacles is uncontrollable change of a trajectory of their movement. It is possible to solve this problem by introduction of the computer control and management systems having possibility of fast adaptation in the course of work. The carried-out analysis of literature showed that now there are no computer monitoring systems of stability of the soil massif (landslide) that would allow units to react quickly to extreme conditions and to adapt for them. Authors offer the concept of a control system, the main on creation of automatic indistinct system. This approach is realized by means of a program complex, data of supervision move on an entrance of system which makes the decision on danger of emergence of instability. Thus this system is adjusted optimum for obtaining more exact decision by means of genetic algorithms. Creation of model of forecasting of stability of the soil massif (embankment) is considered, that is the necessary condition of emergence of a landslide is considered. For the forecast of the coefficient influencing stabil-ity methods of fuzzy logic are offered. We construct linguistic variable that takes some value for the terms of the membership function is constructed, built a knowledge base, fuzzification and defuzzification is performed, obtained some prognostic value that specified by the genetic algorithm. The algorithm of emergence of instability pays off and fast response of the operator to this phenomenon is predicted, that is the sequence of the actions necessary in order to avoid danger is specified.The development of stability ground mass worked out. The fuzzy logic methods are considered for predication of development stability ground mass.
Determining the optimal load capacities units of forestry rolling stock
Authors: Макеев  , Makeev Viktor
Published: July 2017

Improving the efficiency of freight transport and industrial processes of forest complex is of great importance in the production activities of its business depends on many factors. The most important factor is the choice of the type operated by forestry staff and capacity of its units. In a scientific paper delivered and successfully solved the problem of determining the optimum load capacity of rolling stock unit forestry given distance transportation of timber cargo and average technical speed of vehicles in the transportation of timber cargo. At the same time optimal load unit Forestry rolling stock is determined by the conditions at the lowest cost to transport certain types of timber cargo and operational performance logging train (short log). The formula determining the cost of transportation of one ton (1 m3) timber cargo, which was the basis for the determination of the optimum load capacity of logging trucks. For greater clarity of how the optimal load on the logging train hauling timber (timber assortments) of the distance transportation, ways to perform loading and unloading operations and technical speed on the example of existing timber companies (Kulikovskii forestry) built a graph.
The use of laser scanning technology of accounting for wood
Authors: Стариков  , Starikov Aleksandr , Батурин  , Baturin Kirill
Published: July 2017

Now for the decision of tasks of monitoring and evaluation of forest plantations the use of methods and means of laser scanning is one of the most act-sexual and priorities. Laser scanning can be performed independently, or in combination with digital aerial and space photos and video, and can also be carried out ground research on the sample areas. A number of indicators laser scanning is superior to other, currently known, remote evaluation methods qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the forest Fund Laser scanning of forest cover based on the use of modern tech-nologies of digital photogrammetry and geoinformation systems, as well as methods of digital processing and multidimensional modeling of the reflected signals. The article provides analysis of modern methods and means of aerial and terrestrial laser scanning of forest stands. The use of air-borne laser scanning will allow achieving high precision in the determination of basic inventory pa-rameters that are comparable to land-based taxation. Main advantages of laser ranging to other me-thods of monitoring of forest plantations is that the laser beam is able to penetrate the forest canopy, thereby scanning all the tiers of the stand. High density scanning (5-10 points per 1 m2) allows ob-taining three-dimensional images of individual trees with high accuracy. The obtained three-dimensional model requires no processing, unlike aerospace methods of remote sensing that are as-sociated with long and arduous races-encryption of the images. Terrestrial laser scanning, in fact, similar to traditional photogrammetric methods, but it allows you to get the coordinates from one point of standing with the possibility of control measurements directly in the field, while providing higher measurement accuracy, compared with photogrammetric methods.