bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alone on an Island
Authors: Kwolek Erin
Published: June 2022

Malta is a small predominantly Catholic island-nation in the Mediterranean ocean and there is a complete ban on abortion in the country –  there are no exemptions for rape, incest, fetal anomalies, or to save a pregnant woman’s life. Both medical and surgical abortions are illegal and women choosing to end pregnancies have often sought to have abortion care outside of Malta, traveling primarily abroad at great personal cost. Medical care in Malta is otherwise free at the point of care. Options for the care are extremely limited as there is great public support for the Maltese abortion ban. As the government of Malta imposed travel restriction in the interest of containing spread of SARS-CoV2, women faced further limitations in their ability to access safe, effective abortion care in other countries. Many women have ordered medications online and have self-managed their abortion care. Women who have had abortions or people who facilitate abortions in Malta do face criminal charges and women who seek medical management of complications of self-managed abortions do so where the potential of charges exists. Denying women access to safe and private abortion care has the potential to cause significant physical, psychological, and social effects and unfairly harms those who are experiencing unwanted pregnancy. Given the global COVID pandemic, the Maltese government has a responsibility to ensure access to safe abortion care whether abroad or self-managed and such care should be decriminalized.
ELASTISITAS PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN FAKTOR PRODUKSI BUNGA MELATI DI DESA TALKADANG KECAMATAN SITUBONDO KABUPATEN SITUBONDO
Authors: Puryantoro Puryantoro , Suhesti Endang , Mushawwanah Anisah
Published: June 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa elastisitas produksi bunga melati dan tingkat efisiensi alokatif penggunaan faktor - faktor produksi yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi usahatani bunga melati. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive di Desa Talkandang Kecamatan Situbondo Kabupaten Situbondo dengan teknik sampling jenuh sebanyak 20 responden petani melati. Data dianalisis denga menggunakan analis fungsi produksi Cobb Douglas dan pendekatan produk marginal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk, pestisida, dan tenaga kerja tidak berpengaruh nyata secara parsial, hanya luas lahan yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi bunga melati. Elastistas produksi tenaga kerja bernilai negative (Ep<1) dan belum efisien. Sementara elastisitas luas lahan, pupuk, dan pestisida bernilai positif.(0<Ep<1) dan belum efisien.
PREFERENSI KONSUMEN TERHADAP UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea batatas Var. Ayamurasaki) DI DESA AJAKKANG KECAMATAN SOPPENG RIAJA KABUPATEN BARRU
Authors: Musdalifah Musdalifah , Halimah Andi Siti , Nurhaedah Nurhaedah
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh atribut produk terhadap preferensi konsumen pada ubi jalar ungu di Desa Ajakkang Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja Kabupaten Barru. Metode dasar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, dan dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara sengaja yaitu Desa Ajakkang, yang merupakan salah satu pemasaran ubi jalar di Desa Ajakkang. Responden ditentukan dengan metode accidental sampling yaitu 30 responden. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis chisquare. Hasil analisis chisquer menunjukkan bahwa apakah terdapat pengaruh atribut produk terhadap preferensi konsumen pada ubi jalar ungu atau tidak terdapat pengaruh atribut produk terhadap preferensi konsumen pada ubi jalar ungu di Desa Ajakkang Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja Kabupaten Barru.Ubi jalar ungu yang menjadi preferensi konsumen di Desa Ajakkang adalah ubi jalar ungu yang mempunyai atribut: rasa manis, bentuk lonjong teratur, ukuran sedang, dan kebersihan kulit bersih.
TERRITORIAL DISPUTE BETWEEN SOUTH KOREA AND JAPAN: THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF LIANCOURT ISLAND FOR THE TWO COUNTRIES
Authors:   L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Turkhanova Aigerim , Baidauletova Bota ,   L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Issayeva Ainur ,   L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University
Published: June 2022

In this article, the author touches on the problem of the Liancur rocks, which led to territorial violence between South Korea and Japan. It follows the process of its transformation, analyzing the initial, developing and current state of a territorial dispute. Since territorial disputes are characterized by the difficulty of reaching a certain specific solution, it is necessary to recognize that the problem has lasted for many years. It is also necessary to assess the economic importance of the Liancourt Rocks in general, considering that this issue will not be fully completed in the next 10 years. The economic development of the Liancourt Rocks can show that the determination and proof of which of the two parties belongs can show which side the problem will be solved with the victory of which side. However, since South Korea was a colony of the Japanese state before World War II, this issue is closely related to the territorial dispute, and it will undoubtedly come to a certain conclusion only by focusing on other unresolved issues of the Republic of Korea and Japan in resolving the dispute. This article is distinguished by a more detailed and detailed explanation of the problem than the proverbs of the same name, revealing the role of the Liancur rocks in the current economic conflict between South Korea and Japan, and determining its impact on the dispute.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS – PRINCIPALS OR AGENTS? INTERPARADIGM DEBATE BETWEEN NEOLIBERALS AND REALISTS
Authors:   Narxoz University, Shenin Andrei , Raimzhanova Aigerim ,   Narxoz University
Published: June 2022

The role of international organizations becomes especially acute when nation-states cannot establish consensus with regard to local, regional and global issues. Considering that international organizations are made up of members with varying power dynamics, there is often criticism that they represent the interests of power players and not a true consensus-building platform that would enable solving collective issues. The schools of realism and neoliberalism in the framework of International Relations attribute various roles to international organizations (IOs); while the first regard them as mere instruments of nation-states, the latter view them as crucial international players with autonomous status. This article critically evaluates various issues related to the efficiency and design of international institutions in the framework of this interparadigm debate and with consideration of the UN as a prime example. The analysis illustrates that further research in the field of IOs is imperative for both theoretical model-building as well as practical developments in the field. Finding workable models is a vital concern for all international organizations, regardless of their purpose, size and origin.
The LATIN AMERICA AND CENTRAL ASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL POLITICAL TENSIONS: POPULISM AND POLARIZATION
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kulumzhanova Aitzhan , Ospanova Aigerim ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the genesis of political regimes in Latin America and Central Asia, the Latin-American polarization during the period of waves of populism and its impact to Central Asian countries. In the twentieth century, the countries acutely experienced two waves of populism, which coincided with the historical periods of political transitions of the change of power, namely, the transition from oligarchy to mass politics, from authoritarian regimes to democracy, which subsequently created the solid ground for neoliberal reforms. The article notes the left-populist regimes and their anti-elitist orientation, and also analyzes that weak institutionalization, class orientation and a high level of polarization of left-wing populism after the consequences of COVID-19 will finally lead to an institutional crisis, a violation and lose of the balances and a straight shift to competitive authoritarianism in the future.
COVID-19 infection and liver damage in children. Clinical case study.
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Liubarscaia Svetlana , Raba Tatiana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova, Ciobanu Lucia ,   The Municipal Clinical Hospital for Children „Valentin Ignatenco”, Republic of Moldova, Chiosea Lilia ,   The Municipal Clinical Hospital for Children „Valentin Ignatenco”, Republic of Moldova, Tihai Olga ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Replublic of Moldova
Published: June 2022

Introduction. COVID-19 is currently considered a systemic disease affecting the immune system, primarily, lungs, heart, central nervous system, kidneys, intestines, liver and spleen. Impaired liver function and the presence of biochemical changes in liver can be found in approximately 14-53% of adults infected with SARS-CoV-2. Impaired liver function in patients infected with COVID-19 may occur due to a direct effect of the virus on hepatocytes, as well as being secondary to factors such as a systemic inflammatory response of the infected host, the onset of hypoxia (associated with lung damage), multiple organ failure, or due to abusive treatment using overlapping and hepatotoxic drugs. The purpose of this article is to describe a clinical case study regarding the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of liver damage in a 12-year-old child infected with SARSCoV-2, hospitalized at the Municipal Children’s Clinical Hospital „Valentin Ignatenco”, Republic of Moldova. Material and methods. The epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical data were used to highlight this study, followed by the conclusions of multidisciplinary specialists, retrieved from the inpatient medical records of the 12-yearold child with moderate COVID-19 infection, who was admitted for emergency treatment. Results. A 12-year-old patient F. was admitted to the „Covid-19” subunit, complaining of severe general malaise, fever up to 39°C, cough, rhinorrhea. The objective clinical examination revealed hepatomegaly and lack of splenomegaly. Laboratory findings determined leukocytosis 15.88 x109 /l, neutrophilia 72.2%, lymphopenia 26.1%, increased ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate) – 20 mm/h, increased CRP (C-reactive protein) >12.0 mg/l, increased ALT (alanine aminotransferase) by 16 (50.9-487-764 U/l) values compared to the normal reference and a 3-fold increase in AST (aspartate aminotransferase) that is higher than the normal range (55.8 - 113 - 181 U/l), an increased fibrinogen - 5.3 g/l, increased ferritin - 2834 pmol/l and D-dimer levels - 762 ng/ml. Hepatomegaly was detected on abdominal ultrasound. Covid-19 infection was confirmed by a rapid test of nasopharyngeal exudate for SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Conclusions. Patients with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) show varying degrees of liver dysfunction, especially those with increased levels of AST and ALT. A question arises within the clinical practice, as whether the liver damage occurred due to direct viral hepatotoxicity or due to the drugs used in COVID-19 treatment.
Factors influencing the outcomes and mortality of brain abscess: a retrospective analysis of 54 cases
Authors: Ahn Sangjun , Lee Jae Meen
Published: June 2022

Objective: Brain abscess is relatively uncommon because the brain has an abundant blood supply and protection from the blood-brain barrier. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of brain abscesses and to identify factors associated with patients’ outcomes. Methods: The characteristics (age, sex, medical history, initial neurologic status, laboratory data, abscess morphology) and outcomes of 54 patients with brain abscesses who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: There were more male patients than female patients (44:10). Sixteen patients died or became disabled, whereas 38 patients recovered. Statistical analyses indicated that those with a penetration cause, Glasgow coma scale≤12, ventriculitis, or Gram-negative bacilli grown in abscess culture had significantly poorer outcomes, whereas those with a contiguous cause and isolated brain abscess had significantly better outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study identified poor prognostic factors in brain abscess patients. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment techniques, brain abscess still has a high mortality rate. The results of this study are expected to help with exact diagnoses and more accurate prognostication of brain abscess patients.
Late seroma and infection in patients with cranioplasty implants after lateral suboccipital craniectomy
Authors: Yoon Changho , Cheon Subin , Park Kwan , Lee Seunghoon
Published: June 2022

Late wound complications, such as dehiscence or infection, are rare following the retrosigmoid approach, especially when the cranial opening is small. Here, we report two cases of late wound complications after lateral suboccipital craniectomy and cranioplasty with polymethyl methacrylate. Sudden neck rotation was the cause of complications in both cases, and seroma formation, wound dehiscence, and infection developed subsequently 4 and 19 years after surgeries, respectively.
İRAN-IRAK SAVAŞI VE TÜRKİYE ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: YÜCEALTAY Ceren
Published: June 2022

20. yüzyıl dünyada çok önemli olayların yaşandığı bir dönem olmuştur. İran- Irak Savaşı’ da Orta Doğu dengelerinde önemli bir iz bırakan mühim savaşlardan biridir. Sebebini sınır anlaşmazlıkları, su sorunları, terör ve birçok unsur etkilemektedir. Bu savaş sekiz yıl sürmüştür. Ekonomik ve siyasi açıdan yıpranmalara yol açmıştır. Bu makalede İran-Irak Savaşı’nın nedenleri, gelişmeleri ve sonucu ele alınmıştır. Türkiye açısından etkileri incelenmiştir. Türkiye bu savaşta taraf tutmamıştır. Ancak savaşın yıpratıcı etkisinden de kurtulamamıştır.
İran-Irak savaşı, 1980 ve 1988 yıllarını kapsayan 8 yıllık bir savaştır. Aynı zamanda Birinci Körfez Savaşı olarak da bilinir. Bu savaş 20. Asırda yaşanan en mühim savaşlardan biridir. Savaş Irak’ın İran’a saldırmasıyla başlamıştır. Savaşın nedenleri arasında Irak, yoğun Şii nüfusuna sahip olan İran’ın yayılmasından çekinmiş, hem de İran’ın Irak’ta yaşanan Kürt ayrılıkçı hareketleri desteklemesi Irak’ı kızdırmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Şatt’ül Arap su yolu konusunda yaşanan anlaşmazlıklar ve Irak’ın İran’a ait petrol gelirlerini ele geçirmek istemesi de savaşın başlamasındaki en büyük etkenlerdendir. Bu heveslerle başlayan savaşın ilk adımını Irak’ta iktidar olan Saddam Hüseyin’in İran’a saldırması olmuştur.
Türkiye savaş boyunca tarafsızlığını korumuştur. Ancak ekonomisi olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Bu savaş Türkiye’de terörü artırmış, Türkiye’nin turizmini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Zamanla ABD’nin ve diğer devletlerin Irak’a destek verdiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu savaşta kazanan yoktur. Savaş, Birleşmiş Milletler’in arabulucu olmasıyla 598 sayılı karar ile 1988 senesinin 20 Ağustos tarihinde sona ermiştir. Bu savaş ilerde I. ve II. Körfez Savaşları’na sebebiyet vermiştir. Bu savaşta bir milyona yakın insan ölmüş, iki milyon kişi yaralanmış, milyarlarca dolar ekonomide kayba, esaretlere sebebiyet veren savaş, ciddi kayıplara neden olsa da Iraklı Kürtler için durum olumlu neticelerle sonuçlanmıştır.
Calculi for Many-Valued Logics
Authors: Kaminski Michael , Francez Nissim
Published: June 2022

We present a number of equivalent calculi for many-valued logics and prove soundness and strong completeness theorems. The calculi are obtained from the truth tables of the logic under consideration in a straightforward manner and there is a natural duality among these calculi. We also prove the cut elimination theorems for the sequent-like systems.
Sequents and Trees
Authors: Indrzejczak Andrzej
Published: June 2022

Considers the methodology and techniques of sequent calculus to illustrate its use in proving a wide range of metatheoretical results

Includes many results and their proofs that are often not well known or easily accessible

Examines important and nonstandard generalized sequent calculi, like hypersequent and structured sequent calculi.
Decolonizing “Natural Logic”
Authors: Pratt Scott
Published: June 2022

“Natural logic” was proposed by Lewis Henry Morgan (1818–1881) as

the engine of cultural evolution, concluding that the “course and manner” of cultural development “was predetermined, as well as restricted within narrow limits of divergence, by the natural logic of the human mind.” This essay argues that Morgan’s conception of natural logic aids the project of settler colonialism. Rather than being a false account of human agency, however, it is a conception of natural logic that is produced through the systematic narrowing of possibilities for agency, human, and otherwise. This narrowed logic is thus only a part of a differently conceived logic of agency that is also general (and so serves as the framework for all action) and normative (albeit with a set of norms different from those identified by Morgan). The discussion proceeds in four sections: first, a presentation of Morgan’s conception of natural logic and its origins; second, an analysis of four colonizing implications of Morgan’s view; third, examples of further developments of natural logic in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in the work structuralist and post-structuralist theorists; and, last, a brief introduction of a decolonial logic that provides a broader alternative conception of the structure of agency, human, and otherwise, and that avoids the oppressive effects of the reductionism of the natural logic received from Morgan and his successors.
Measuring Inconsistency in Generalized Propositional Logic
Authors: Grant John
Published: June 2022

Consistency is one of the key concepts of logic; logicians have put a great deal of effort into proving the consistency of many logics. Understanding what causes inconsistency is also important; some logicians have developed paraconsistent logics that, unlike classical logics, allow some contradictions without making all formulas provable. Another direction of research studies inconsistency by measuring the amount of inconsistency of sets of formulas. While the initial attempt in 1978 was too ambitious in trying to do this for first-order logic, this research got a substantial boost when an inconsistency measure was proposed for propositional logic in 2002. Since then, researchers in logic and artificial intelligence (AI systems need the capability to deal with inconsistency) have made many interesting proposals and found related issues. Almost all of this work has been done for propositional logic. The purpose of this paper is to extend inconsistency measures to logics that also contain operators, such as modal operators. We use the terminology “generalized propositional logic” for such logics. We show how to extend propositional inconsistency measures to sets of formulas in any such generalized propositional logic. Examples are used to illustrate how various modal operators, including spatial and tense operators, fit into this framework. We also show that the addition of operators leads to a weak type of inconsistency. In all cases, the calculations for several inconsistency measures are given.
The War on the Bulk Heterojunction: A Battle for the Future of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Price Mike
Published: June 2022

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) promise cheap and flexible solar energy. Whereas light generates free charges in silicon photovoltaics, excitons are normally formed in organic semiconductors due to their low dielectric constants, and thus OPVs require molecular heterojunctions to split excitons into charges. This invention of the ‘bulk heterojunction’ has helped progress OPV efficiencies over the last 30 years. However, it has also held the field back from achieving its full potential. The bulk heterojunction adds significant complexity that makes rational device and materials design extremely difficult, and introduces fundamental limits to device efficiencies.

In this talk I will summarise our efforts over the last years to overcome the limitations of the bulk heterojunction. I will initially outline our attempts to enhance exciton diffusion length(1), and to make use of the exceptional properties of new small molecule ‘fused ring electron acceptors’(FREAs) (2). Then I will discuss work undertaken in the last two years at VUW that shows a new direction of OPV development is possible, thanks to our discovery(3) of intrinsic free charge photogeneration in the highly efficient molecule known as ‘Y6’. This discovery paves the way for a new type of OPV, based on a ‘doped p-n homojunction’ design, and sets us on a path for reimagining the future of organic electronics.
The Talmudic Logic Project
Authors: Gabbay Dov , Kampik Timotheus
Published: June 2022

We describe the state of the Talmudic Logic project as of end of 2019. The Talmud is the most comprehensive and fundamental work of Jewish religious law, employing a large number of logical components centuries ahead of their time. In many cases the basic principles are not explicitly formulated, which makes it difficult to formalize and make available to the modern student of Logic. This project on Talmudic Logic, aims to present logical analysis of Talmudic reasoning using modern logical tools. We investigate principles of Talmudic Logic and publish a series of books, one book or more for each principle. http://www.collegepublications.co.uk/stl/ The series begins with the systematic analysis of Talmudic inference rules. The first book shows that we can present Talmudic reasoning intuitions as a systematic logical system basic to modern non-deductive reasoning, such as Argumentum A Fortiori, Abduction and Analogy. The second book offers a systematic common sense method for intuitively defining sets and claims that this method adequately models the Talmudic use of the rules Klal uPrat. These books also criticize modern Talmudic research methodology. Later books deal with additional topics like Deontic logic, and Temporal logic, Agency and processes in the Talmud and more. The aims of the project are two fold:

1. To import into the Talmudic study modern logical methods with a view to help understand complicated Talmudic passages, which otherwise cannot be addressed.

2. To export from the Talmud new logical principles which are innovative and useful to modern contemporary logic.
k-Provability in PA
Authors: Santos Paulo Guilherme , Kahle Reinhard
Published: June 2022

We study the decidability of k-provability in PA—the relation ‘being provable in PA with at most k steps’—and the decidability of the proof-skeleton problem—the problem of deciding if a given formula has a proof that has a given skeleton (the list of axioms and rules that were used). The decidability of k-provability for the usual Hilbert-style formalisation of PA is still an open problem, but it is known that the proof-skeleton problem is undecidable for that theory. Using new methods, we present a characterisation of some numbers k for which k-provability is decidable, and we present a characterisation of some proof-skeletons for which one can decide whether a formula has a proof whose skeleton is the considered one. These characterisations are natural and parameterised by unification algorithms.
Logical constants in abstract frameworks and A Note on Logicality of Generalized Quantifiers
Authors: Perkov Tin
Published: June 2022

Abstract Logical Constants

A possibility of defining logical constants within abstract logical frameworks is discussed, in relation to abstract definition of logical consequence. We propose using duals as a general method of applying the idea of invariance under replacement as a criterion for logicality.

A Note on Logicality of Generalized Quantifiers

This note follows up an earlier paper in which a possibility of defining logical constants within abstract logical frameworks was discussed, by using duals as a general method of applying the idea of invariance under replacement as a criterion for logicality. In the present note, this approach is applied to the discussion on logicality of generalized quantifiers. It is demonstrated that generalized quantifiers are logical constants by this criterion.
Encoding Complete Metric Structures by Classical Structures
Authors: Ackermann Nate
Published: June 2022

We show how to encode, by classical structures, both the objects and the morphisms of the category of complete metric spaces and uniformly continuous maps. The result is a category of, what we call, cognate metric spaces and cognate maps. We show this category relativizes to all models of set theory (unlike the category of complete metric spaces and uniformly continuous maps). We extend this encoding to an encoding of complete metric structures by classical structures. This provide us with a general technique for translating results about infinitary logic on classical structures to the setting of infinitary continuous logic on continuous structures. Our encoding will also allow us to talk about not only the relations between complete metric structures, but also the potential relations between complete metric structures, i.e. those which are satisfied in some larger model of set theory. For example we will show that given any two complete metric structures we can determine if they are potentially isomorphic by looking at any admissible set which contains them both.
A minimally invasive lumbar decompression procedure after an interspinous spacer device implantation: an uncommon order of treatment with a successful outcome
Authors: Poliwoda Salomon , Noor Nazir , Urits Ivan , Viswanath Omar , Gonzalez Christian , Kaye Alan D.
Published: June 2022

A patient with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) was referred to our clinic due to refractory low back pain, radicular pain, and neurogenic claudication despite conservative treatment with medical management. Imaging of the lumbar spine revealed spinal canal and foraminal stenosis. Multiple epidural steroid injections (ESI) were performed which did not resolve her condition.

We offered her an Implantation of an Interspinous Spacer Device (ISD) since her primary symptoms were predominantly characteristic of radicular pain. Her radicular symptoms improved but experienced worsening of her lower back pain and neurogenic claudication. For these reasons, we then offered her a Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression (MILD) procedure. Though both procedures share the same incisional approach, the first one deploys an implant in the interspinous process, as opposed to the MILD procedure which does not. We therefore describe the intricacies of performing a MILD procedure after an ISD implant and share the patient’s outcome.
Un petto che si gonfia: lo pneumomediastino
Authors: Rotolo Mariangela , Giambrone Clara , Graziano Francesco , Citrano Michele , Cilona Calogero , Ganci Riccardo , Cassata Nicola
Published: June 2022

The paper describes the case of a 4-year-old boy with spontaneous pneumomediastinum secondary to a large bronchopneumonic focus, treated with supportive therapy including rest, painkillers, antibiotics and oxygen, which resolved in a short time with total remission of symptoms. Pneumomediastinum, also called mediastinal emphysema, identifies a clinical condition characterized by the presence of free air in the mediastinum and can be spontaneous or traumatic. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is not associated with previous pathological events, such as trauma, endoscopic bronchial procedures, invasive ventilation and it is classified in primary and secondary to underlying disease. In 70-90% of cases it occurs in children with risk factors. Early diagnosis is critical for its management and, although the course of this disease is typically benign, hospitalization and observation are important because of possible significant and life-threatening complications.
The Empiricist’s New Clothes: David Hume and the Theft of Philosophy
Authors: Hardin Dennis C.
Published: June 2022

David Hume’s attacks on causality and induction along with his celebrated is-ought dichotomy dealt a blow to the human mind from which Western civilization has never fully recovered. Centuries after his death, Hume remains immensely popular among academic philosophers, which only bolsters the myth that his skeptical arguments are unanswerable. In fact, his arguments are seriously flawed. The first part of this paper clarifies the basics of Hume’s philosophy, focusing on the epistemology in the Treatise and Enquiry. The second part exposes the mistaken premises and assumptions in Hume’s arguments, demonstrating how Objectivism redeems the validity of human knowledge.
Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai and NeemAzal-T/S against the old world bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: H. A. F. El-Shafie  , L. M. E. Alawad
Published: June 2022

The efficacy of XenTari® containing Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (Bta), NeemAzal -T/S® (Azadirachtin A) and their combination were tested against the second and fourth larval instars of the old world bollworm (OWB), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The Bta was applied in three concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg/ha while NeemAzal concentrations were 1, 2, and 3L/ha. The results showed a significant difference in the mortality percentage between the different concentrations. The Bta was more effective in the fourth larval instars. Seven days, after treatment, the mortality percentage in both second and fourth instar larvae reached 97% at concentration of 1 ml/l water. At the concentration of 2.7 g/l water, the mortality percentage caused by Bta in both second and fourth instar larvae increased gradually until the sixth day, where it reached 90% and 93%, respectively. On the other hand, the efficacy of NeemAzal-T/S® on the second and fourth instar larvae reached 97% seven days after treatment when applied at concentration of 1 ml/l water. The combination of XenTari® and NeemAzal-T/S® resulted in 100% mortality in the second instar larvae compared with respective mortality of 70% and 83%, when either of the two biopesticides was applied alone.
Assessment of alkalinity on the adsorption of cadmium ion using KOH-activated carbon from Sesame stem
Authors: Mikyitsabu Ago Atoshi  , Alheri Andrew  , Martha Jimwan  , Akowe Victor
Published: June 2022

The increase alkalinity on the adsorption of cd2+ using KOH-activated carbon from Sesame stem was studied. Determination of metal ion in solution shows adsorption capacities of 86.68 % for KOH-AC at saturated state. Effect of metal ion concentration shows that, Removal efficiency of Cd2+ by KOH-AC increases with increasing presence of the adsorbate due to the availability of adsorption sites on the activated carbon. Increase acidity general favors the adsorption. The effect of pH shows that the adsorption of cadmium ions increases with increasing acidity between the pH of 7.5 to 6. However, as the Cd2+ concentration becomes exceedingly high, the removal efficiency decreases. A general observation was that before equilibrium, there is rise in the removal efficiency of Cd2+ by KOH-AC with increasing contact time which is universally true for good adsorbents. Effect of metal ionic strength shows that activated carbon adsorption decrease with increase in ionic strength in any acidic medium.
Performance modelling of an electric vapor compression solar refrigeration system (SE-VCR) case for Madagascar
Authors: Rakotondrazano Yvon  , Modeste Kameni Nematchoua  , RAMINOSOA Chrysostome
Published: June 2022

This study presents an evaluation of the performance of an electric vapor compression solar refrigeration system coupled with solar energies for the different climatic zones in Madagascar. For the 5 selected cities, a building of the same constructive design was used. Hourly building heat loads were estimated from the heat balance method using meteorological data from selected cities such as hourly average solar radiation and atmospheric temperatures. Then, the hourly evaluation of various parameters such as the coefficient of performance, the capacity of the condenser, the electrical consumption of the compressor and the power of the photovoltaic generators as well as its surface for different evaporation temperatures were determined. It was determined that the SE-VCR system could be used successfully for the province of Mahajanga, Antsiranana, Toliara and Tamatave while for the city of Antananarivo was not very interesting.For these 4 cities, the coefficient of performance varies from around 3.3 to 4.43 for an evaporation temperature Te = 0 ° C. And the power of the compressor varies from 5.66 to 7.5 kW with a peak power of the solar panels varying from 21.16 to 25.23 kWp with a respective surface of 104.93 to 125.12 m². The overall efficiency of the installation varies from 0.483 to 0.521.
Staff satisfaction with the quality of hospital's logistics services and materials
Authors: Ola Mousa  , Ali Hussain Al Dihnayn  , Hamidah Mohammed Ali Busbieh  , Mariam Albutayan  , Norah Al Omar  , Aml Sayed Ali Abdelrahem
Published: June 2022

Background: Logistics in hospitals can be a key source of cost savings. Hospital resources management has been identified as one way to control healthcare costs in countries. Logistics management applied to care chains can reduce expenses, enhance patient service, and shorten wait times, resulting in clinical and financial benefits. The study aimed to assess the availability and quality of logistical services at King Faisal Hospital and determine the level of satisfaction with those services among hospital staff. Methods: An analytical institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2, 2021, to February 25, 2022, at the King Faisal General Hospital. Data were collected using a pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire which was distributed to respondents. Results: (63.8%) of participants thought the availability and quality of logistic services were good, whereas only (36.2%) thought it was neutral. Fortunately, no one got a poor total score of perception when it came to staff opinions of logistic service availability and quality. In addition, nearly a third of the participants in the study (34.5%) were clearly satisfied with the whole service. Conclusion: Finally, it may be concluded that the majority of participants thought logistics services were available and of good quality. Furthermore, nearly a third of the study participants were clearly satisfied with the entire service.
The correlation between duration of illness and hemoglobin A1c levels with quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Garindra Wicaksono  , Ahmad Suryawan  , Anang Endaryanto  , Nur Rochmah  , Muhammad Faizi
Published: June 2022

Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are in a chronic condition that requires daily care throughout life and interferes the quality of life. This research was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. The sample size of this study was 29 subjects. Data were accumulated through interviews, questionnaires, and medical records. To determine whether there is a relationship among the duration of illness, HbA1c levels, and the quality of life in children with T1DM, a correlation test with Pearson will be conducted. The Multiple Linear Regression test was carried out to determine how big the influence of the relationship. The results showed that from a total sample of 34 subjects, the average duration of illness was 21.24 (±14.82) months, the highest HbA1c level was 9 (6-13) %. The analysis results with the independent sample T-test were obtained with a value of p=0.877 (p <0.05), means that there was no notable difference between children and parents reports. The relationship among duration of illness, HbA1c, and quality of life were analyzed by Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test. The correlation results for length of illness and HbA1c sequentially r= 0.743, r= -0.857 with R2 value: 78.4% and p=0.001(p<0.05). From this study, it was also found that there was a positive relation between duration of illness and quality of life along with a negative correlation between HbA1c and quality of life.
The novel drug delivery systems in liver dysfunction
Authors: Sanjeeviah Nagurla  , Jithan Aukunuru
Published: June 2022

The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. Its wide functions include detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemical necessary for digestion. This organ is necessary for survival. Currently there is no option to compensate for the absence of liver function. Drug targeting for various liver diseases can focus on various cells of liver including kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells or hepatocytes. In one or the other diseases, the involvement of these diseases has been clarified. Several diseases afflict liver. The major diseases of liver include HBV infection, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer. Several cells of the liver which are exposed to blood circulation or not exposed to blood circulation are involved in these diseases. Although conventional routes of administration can lead to drug access into these varieties of cells, means to increase the effectiveness of these by various drug delivery approaches has been attempted recently. This review briefly covers the latest and retrospective drug delivery system approaches published in the scientific literature.
Activities that Motivate Students to Learn the English Language - A Case Study at Elobeid Secondary Schools
Authors: Eldaw Abubaker Hassan Mohammed , Ibrahim Wijdan Fatah-Allah Bashir , Hamad Abdoelrhman Elshreef Abdoelrhman
Published: June 2022

This present study was conducted in ElObied secondary schools during 2016-2017. The objective of the study was to investigate the activities that motivate students to learn the English language in Elobeid secondary schools, also, to identify the effect of these activities in achieving knowledge which contributes in improving the English language. The primary data were collected via questionnaires were distributed to 40 teachers of long teaching careers. The descriptive statistic was followed for data analysis. The study found that: teaching students by using motivational activities such as (problems solving, role play, and match picture with statement, communication and conversations activities) are very effective and lead to improving student's level in the English language. The study recommended that: teachers at the secondary level should focus on such activities in their teaching; also, they should give their students’ needs, attitudes, inclinations and aptitudes more importance.
The Applicability of CALL in Teaching EFL Based on Sudanese Universities Teachers’ Attitudes
Authors: Albloly Amir Mohammed , El-Amin Tag Elsir Hassan Bashoum
Published: June 2022

This research article tackles “the applicability of CALL in teaching EFL based on Sudanese EFL teachers’ attitudes”. The researchers utilized quantitative and experimental methods using two data gathering tools for the study in question: The first is the questionnaire is administered to (50) different EFL Sudanese universities and colleges teachers, andsecond one is pre and post-tests given to an experimental group consisting of (30) students of English in the second year selected from the Department of English in the Faculty Education at the University of Kassala; they were taught reading comprehension lessons through the use of computers. The data obtained from the questionnaire and the two have been computationally processed with the SPSS program to check the truth hypotheses, to reflect the Sudanese EFL teachers’ perceptions towards the integration CALL in teaching EFL and to see to what an extent there is a significant impact integration of CALL on the students’ performance. Finally, Sudanese EFL teachers through this study recommend strongly the ultimate integration of CALL in teaching EFL.
The Concept of Violence in Frankenstein in Baghdad
Authors: Manthur Saif Latif
Published: June 2022

A prize-winning novel in literary horror after the occupation of Iraq, Frankestien in Baghdad (2013) is a story about a monster who is created from the remains of bombing victims, which are often treated as garbage. This paper is about the concept of violence in Frankestien. The paper shows how Ahmed Al This study examines how the monster in the novel gives a voice to contemporary fears of society and what sorts of fears of the monstrosity are highlighted. To illustrate this claim, different roles of the nameless monster in Frankenstein in Baghdad are analyzed. The present study furthermore discusses how violence is represented as the main theme in the novel, how far the supernatural monster in Ahmed Saadawi's Arabic Booker Prize-winning novel Frankenstein in Baghdad (2014) is a social construct and how he has reflected the violence and political dimensions in Iraqi society during 2005 to 2013.
Quality management in higher education institutions (HEI)
Authors: Sukkar M.Y.
Published: June 2022

Introduction The need for quality management in education goes back to the 1880s when it was realized thatstandards need to be put in place to ensure that educational institutions graduate competent degreeholders (who have been trained in accredited programs) This is now seen necessary to standardizehigher education to meet the expectation of society & to respond to cross-border employment (1, 2)Quality assurance models were adopted by HEIs, mainly relying on industrial models which werenot entirely suitable for HEI due to the complexity of the product/s & processes involved in highereducation (3) This paper focuses attention on the day-to-day requirements for a feasible and practical model ofquality management in institutions of higher learning. It is a fact that many universities & collegestoday have established such units, but the variation in their conceptual framework, structure andfunctionality vary from the very sophisticated, high power, expensive model, to the rudimentary &often inadequate units of quality management.It is important that financial, physical & human resources should be made available. If these arenot met, the implementation of quality assurance will be difficult or impossible. The proposedmodel is formulated in as simple terms as possible; pointing out the main components, processes & guidelines. For this model of quality management to succeed, it is important to ensure leadership commitmentat the highest level. The focus on delivery of education and services should be clear and madeknown to all levels of stakeholders.
Five decades lead in biomedical research: University of Khartoum tops Sudanese universities in PubMed articles
Authors: Abdallah Mohammed OE , Koko Mahmoud , Amin Mutaz , Bakhit Yousuf
Published: June 2022

Introduction: University of Khartoum (U of K) is the largest and oldest university in Sudan (1). The recent rankings of international and local universities made by Webometrics Ranking of world Universities initiative in 2017 have placed University of Khartoum as number one University in Sudan and 1970 in rank Worldwide. This ranking system is based mainly on research activity and publications. Using PubMed we obtained data on all PubMed-indexed articles (from 1966 to 2016) affiliated to the four oldest and most established Sudanese universities: University of Khartoum, University of Gezira, Omdurman Islamic University, and Al-Neelain University.
Methods: Using R Statistical environment, we compiled a unified dataset from multiple resources including PubMed data and impact factor data. This unified dataset was then used to calculate multiple article and authorship metrics including total number of articles and annual averages. We also applied text mining techniques to from indexed abstracts in order to explore the prevailing trends and research focus of some the most prolific authors and to visualize this trends though word clouds.
Results: Since the earliest date of PubMed indexing in 1966, the University of Khartoum is by far the most affiliated Sudanese university in PubMed. Approaching 300 articles in 2016, the number of PubMed indexed articles has shown a promising rising trend over the past decade. Our results clearly indicate lead of University of Khartoum in published biomedical research. This trend is promising and shows the attention shift towards research activities among the major Sudanese universities in general and University of Khartoum in particular.
Post-malaria Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Musa Afra , Ibrahim Salah A , Badi Rehab , Eltahir Ammar
Published: June 2022

We report a nine-year-old girl who presented with complete drooping of the left eyelid and restriction ofmedial gaze following an attack of febrile illness. The child was admitted into a rural hospital where shewas misdiagnosed and managed as a case of meningitis. She was referred to a tertiary children hospitalwhen her condition was not improving and where she developed the eye signs. She was diagnosed as a caseof severe malaria which responded well to quinine therapy. In our neurophysiology clinic, examinationrevealed partial unilateral left eye ptosis, weak frontalis, neck flexors, fingers extensors & knee flexors.Her investigations revealed positive neostigmine test, decremental response to repetitive nerve stimulation(-15.6%,nasalis), increased jitter in single-fibre electromyography (left frontalis & extensor-digitorumcommunis) and negative serology for myasthenia gravis antibodies. She showed remarkable improvementafter pyridostigmine therapy which continued for three months. Regular follow-up showed no recurrenceof her symptoms.
The MB BS curriculum Management II: A Paradigm of basic educational concerns
Authors: Sukkar M.Y.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

In the first part of this trilogy, the management of the planning phase of the medical curriculum was

discussed. In this article three areas of curriculum implementation will be presented in a practical and

pragmatic fashion. The ideas and processes in the course of implementation are explained in as plain

terms as possible for those whose responsibility lies in faithful and effective management of teaching and

learning experiences. The three areas are the: commitment of teachers, regular feedback on monitoring of

implementation and feedback to the academic administration on resource deployment or development
T594M mutation of the epithelial sodium channel beta subunit: No association with essential hypertension in Sudanese hypertensive
Authors: A Fadlalmula Huda , E Elmahdi Elsadig , A Fadl Manal
Published: June 2022

Background Hypertension is a multi-factorial disease, results from interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The epithelial sodium channel gene (SCNN1β) was known to regulate sodium absorption in the distal renal tubule. The T594M mutation of this gene results in an excess sodium reabsorption leading to high blood pressure. This study aimed to demonstrate a possible association between T594M C/T mutation of the SCNN1β (rs1799979) with essential hypertension in our population. Method 179 hypertensive and 100 normotensives were enrolled in this study. T594M mutation was detected by RFLP-PCR using NlaIII restriction enzyme. Results T594M mutation was found to be non-polymorphic.; both hypertensive and normotensives have the CC wild-type pattern and only one hypertensive carries the mutant heterozygote CT. A significant gender difference was observed with three folds of females increased risk (OR=2.79); 92% of the cases were above 40 years old, with significant difference when compared to the controls (p = 0.01); 41.3% and 26% of the hypertensives developed diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, respectively. Conclusion This study did not show any association between the T594M mutation of the SCNN1β gene with essential hypertension in the examined subjects, but also showed the rarity of the T594M mutation in our population.