bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical transmission of horizontally acquired social information in sticklebacks: implications for transgenerational plasticity
Authors: Afseth Cassandra , Shim Andrew , Anderson Samantha , Bell Alison M. , Hellmann Jennifer K.
Published: July 2022

There is growing evidence that offspring receive information about their environment vertically, i.e. from their parents (environmental parental effects or transgenerational plasticity). For example, parents exposed to predation risk may produce offspring with heightened antipredator defences. At the same time, organisms can gain information about the environment horizontally, from conspecifics. In this study, we provide some of the first evidence that horizontally acquired social information can be transmitted vertically across generations. Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) fathers produced larval offspring with altered antipredator behaviour when fathers received visual and olfactory cues from predator-chased neighbours. Although fathers did not personally witness their neighbours being chased (i.e. they never saw the predator), changes in offspring traits were similar to those induced by direct paternal exposure to predation risk. These findings suggest that two different non-genetic pathways (horizontal transfer of social information, vertical transfer via sperm-mediated paternal effects) can combine to affect offspring phenotypes. The implications of simultaneous horizontal and vertical transmission are widely appreciated in the context of disease and culture; our results suggest that they could be equally important for the maintenance of phenotypic variation and could have profound consequences for the rate at which information flows within and across generations.
Beetle bioluminescence outshines extant aerial predators
Authors: Powell Gareth S. , Saxton Natalie A. , Pacheco Yelena M. , Stanger-Hall Kathrin F. , Martin Gavin J. , Kusy Dominik , Felipe Lima Da Silveira Luiz , Bocak Ladislav , Branham Marc A. , Bybee Seth M.
Published: July 2022

We understand very little about the timing and origins of bioluminescence, particularly as a predator avoidance strategy. Understanding the timing of its origins, however, can help elucidate the evolution of this ecologically important signal. Using fireflies, a prevalent bioluminescent group where bioluminescence primarily functions as aposematic and sexual signals, we explore the origins of this signal in the context of their potential predators. Divergence time estimations were performed using genomic-scale datasets providing a robust estimate for the origin of firefly bioluminescence as both a terrestrial and as an aerial signal. Our results recover the origin of terrestrial beetle bioluminescence at 141.17 (122.63–161.17) Ma and firefly aerial bioluminescence at 133.18 (117.86–152.47) Ma using a large dataset focused on Lampyridae; and terrestrial bioluminescence at 148.03 (130.12–166.80) Ma, with the age of aerial bioluminescence at 104.97 (99.00–120.90) Ma using a complementary Elateroidea dataset. These ages pre-date the origins of all known extant aerial predators (i.e. bats and birds) and support much older terrestrial predators (assassin bugs, frogs, ground beetles, lizards, snakes, hunting spiders and harvestmen) as the drivers of terrestrial bioluminescence in beetles. These ages also support the hypothesis that sexual signalling was probably the original function of this signal in aerial fireflies.
Restricted X chromosome introgression and support for Haldane's rule in hybridizing damselflies
Authors: Swaegers Janne , Sánchez-Guillén Rosa Ana , Chauhan Pallavi , Wellenreuther Maren , Hansson Bengt
Published: July 2022

Contemporary hybrid zones act as natural laboratories for the investigation of species boundaries and may shed light on the little understood roles of sex chromosomes in species divergence. Sex chromosomes are considered to function as a hotspot of genetic divergence between species; indicated by less genomic introgression compared to autosomes during hybridization. Moreover, they are thought to contribute to Haldane's rule, which states that hybrids of the heterogametic sex are more likely to be inviable or sterile. To test these hypotheses, we used contemporary hybrid zones ofIschnura elegans, a damselfly species that has been expanding its range into the northern and western regions of Spain, leading to chronic hybridization with its sister speciesIschnura graellsii. We analysed genome-wide SNPs in the SpanishI. elegansandI. graellsiihybrid zone and found (i) that the X chromosome shows less genomic introgression compared to autosomes, and (ii) that males are underrepresented among admixed individuals, as predicted by Haldane's rule. This is the first study in Odonata that suggests a role of the X chromosome in reproductive isolation. Moreover, our data add to the few studies on species with X0 sex determination system and contradict the hypothesis that the absence of a Y chromosome causes exceptions to Haldane's rule.
How Americans encounter guns: Mixed methods content analysis of YouTube and internet search data
Authors: Ranney Megan L. , Conrey Frederica R. , Perkinson Leah , Friedhoff Stefanie , Smith Rory , Wardle Claire
Published: July 2022

Firearm-related injury and death is a serious public health issue in the U.S. As more Americans consume news and media online, there is growing interest in using these channels to prevent firearm-related harms. Understanding the firearm-related narratives to which consumers are exposed is foundational to this work.

This research used the browsing behavior of a representative sample of American adults to identify seven naturally occurring firearm-related content ecosystems on YouTube, and the demographics and internet search patterns of users affiliated with each ecosystem.

Over the 9-month study period, 72,205 panelists had 16,803,075 person-video encounters with 7,274,093 videos. Among these, 282,419 videos were related to firearms. Using fast greedy clustering, we partitioned users and channel interactions into seven distinct channel-based content ecosystems that reached more than 1/1000 YouTube users per day. These ecosystems were diverse in reach, users, and content (e.g., guns for self-protection vs. guns for fun).

On average, 0.5% of panelists performed a firearm-related internet search on a given day. The vast majority of these searches were related to mass shootings or police-involved shootings (e.g., “active shooter”), and virtually none were about more common firearm harm such as suicide. Searches for firearm safety information were most common among panelists affiliated with the “Hunting & Fishing” and “Guns & Gear” ecosystems, which were watched primarily by older, white men.

These findings identify an opportunity for analyzing firearm-related narratives and tailoring firearm safety messaging for users affiliated with specific online content ecosystems.

Highlights

We used a mixed methods network analysis of YouTube users’ viewing patterns and identified seven distinct firearm-related content ecosystems.

Ecosystems vary by reach, audience demographics, and audience firearm-related search patterns.

The ecosystems contain a wide variety of narratives about firearm use, safety, and potential harms.

Understanding the diverse narratives across these ecosystems, their respective audiences and audience search patterns can inform future work to reduce firearm-related harms and increase safety.
Perfusable Apparatus For Thick-tissue Creation And Growth (patch) Of Cardiac Tissue
Authors: Pitaktong Isaree , He Yusheng Jason , Nurminsky Katherine , Dunn Tyler , Mir Amatullah , Koljaka Sarah , Dunne Olivia , Ran Stephanie , Shih Wesley , Wang Anya , Matsushita Hiroshi , Rodgers Daniel , Hibino Narutoshi
Published: July 2022

Cardiac tissue engineering has been developed as a potential alternative treatment for heart failure. However, current 3D tissues are limited in size and thickness due to the lack of an effective vascularization method. We have developed a novel bioreactor system to create viable vascularized cardiac tissue from multicellular spheroids using a digital light processing (DLP) 3D bioprinting system. Spheroids were created from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and cardiac fibroblasts (FB) using special dimple plates for mass production. One centimeter cubic tissues were created from spheroids using a DLP 3D printed mold with vascular channels. The tissue was maintained in a perfusion chamber under regulated flow and pressure following differentiation to cardiac tissue and endothelialization. Mass production of large spheroids (35,000 / tissue, diameter of 395.99 um +/- 101.15 um) was achieved from 170 million iPSCs and 50 million FBs for the creation of 1cm3 cardiac tissue in a 3D printed mold with vascular channels. The cardiac tissues (n=5) were perfused for 20 days under stable pressure of 17.5 +/- 3.05 PSI and flow of 5000 uL/min +/- 1116.42 uL/min. On days 10 and 20, Alamar blue assays showed viability for all five tissues (Alamar blue intensity: Day 10 1.57 +/- 0.15. Day 20 2.21 +/- 0.19). Thick and viable cardiac tissues were created and maintained using a 3D printed vascularized mold and perfusion system for maturation and growth in vitro for 30 days. This technology will open new doors for viable in vitro cardiac tissue creation.
The logic of native enhancer-promoter compatibility and cell-type-specific gene expression variation
Authors: Narita Takeo , Higashijima Yoshiki , Kilic Sinan , Maskey Elina , Neumann Katrin , Choudhary Chunaram
Published: July 2022

Cis-regulatory enhancers are essential for differential expression of developmental and housekeeping genes. However, the specificity of native mammalian enhancers and how it shapes cell-type-specific gene expression landscapes remain largely unknown. We show that endogenous enhancers are broadly compatible with the promoters of developmental and housekeeping genes. Broad enhancer compatibility affords ‘retrofitting’ new regulatory capabilities to housekeeping genes that evolved before the advent of enhancers. This enables cell-type-specific tuning of ubiquitously expressed genes. Segregation between enhancer-dependent and –independent type regulation is blurred. Within the same cell type, a single promoter can be activated by enhancers and non-enhancer promoter-regulatory elements (PREs). It is the tunable and integrated strengths of enhancers and PREs that quantitatively shape gene expression landscapes, within and across cell types. Our findings have broad implications for understanding cell-type-specific quantitative gene expression variation, as well as the emergence and rewiring of gene regulatory networks in disease and organismal evolution.
How to scale up from animal movement decisions to spatio-temporal patterns: an approach via step selection
Authors: Potts Jonathan R. , Börger Luca
Published: July 2022

Uncovering the mechanisms behind animal space use patterns is of vital importance for predictive ecology, thus conservation and management of ecosystems. Movement is a core driver of those patterns so understanding how movement mechanisms give rise to space use patterns has become an increasingly active area of research.

This study focuses on a particular strand of research in this area, based around step selection analysis (SSA). SSA is a popular way of inferring drivers of movement decisions, but, perhaps less well-appreciated, it also parametrises a model of animal movement. Of key interest is that this model can be propogated forwards in time to predict the space use patterns over broader spatial and temporal scales than those that pertain to the proximate movement decisions of animals.

Here, we provide a guide for understanding and using the various existing techniques for scaling-up step selection models to predict broad scale space use patterns. We give practical guidance on when to use which technique, as well as specific examples together with code inRandPython.

By pulling together various disparate techniques into one place, and providing code and instructions in simple examples, we hope to highlight the importance of these techniques and make them accessible to a wider range of ecologists, ultimately helping expand the usefulness of step selection analysis.
Discovering triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) transcriptomic profiles via massive screening of single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets
Authors: Rafsanjani Mohd Rifqi , Onn Muhammad Asyraf , Zakaria Norashikin
Published: July 2022

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) account for 18% of the breast cancer patients in Malaysia and also account for one of the worst prognoses albeit it is the rare cancer types. TNBC is defined as breast cancers that tested negative on all 3 tests of oestrogen/progesterone (ER/PR) receptor and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2). Understanding the TNBC biology is challenging due to the fact of multiple subtypes and its heterogeneity in patient samples. Here we attempt to examine the transcriptional profiling of TNBC using the single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of different publicly available TNBC datasets. In comparison to bulk-RNA, scRNA-seq allowed the mapping of transcriptional profiling of TNBC at the single cell resolution and able to accurately pinpoint pan-transcriptional markers of TNBC.
A home-cage, video monitoring-based mouse frailty index detects age-associated morbidity in the absence of handler-induced stress
Authors: Ruby J. Graham , Ylagan Paulo , Di Francesco Andrea , Zavala-Solorio José , Keyser Robert , Williams Owen , Spock Sarah , Li Wenzhou , Vongtharangsy Nalien , Chatterjee Sandip , Sloan Cricket A. , Ledogar Charles , Kuiper Veronica , Kite Janessa , Cosino Marcelo , Cha Paulyn , Karlsson Eleanor M.
Published: July 2022

Frailty indexes provide quantitative measurements of non-specific health decline and are particularly useful as longitudinal monitors of pre-mortal morbidity in aging studies. For mouse studies, frailty assessments can be taken non-invasively, but they require handling and direct observation that is labor-intensive to the scientist and stress-inducing to the animal. Here, we implement, evaluate, and provide a digital frailty index composed entirely of computational analyses of home-cage video and compare it to manually obtained frailty scores in genetically diverse mice. We show that the frailty scores assigned by our digital index correlate with both manually obtained frailty scores and chronological age. Thus, we provide a tool for frailty assessment that reduces stress to the animal and can be collected consistently, at scale, without substantial labor cost.
Antibiotic induced biofilm formations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains KPW.1-S1 and HRW.1-S3 are associated with increased production of eDNA and exoproteins, increased ROS generation, and increased cell surface hydrophobicity
Authors: Kumar Abhinash , Saha Saurav K , Banerjee Paromita , Sengupta Tapas K
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a medically important bacteria due to its ability to form biofilm and is also an opportunistic pathogen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has the intrinsic ability to form biofilm as one of the defense mechanisms for their survival. The fact that it can form biofilms on various medical implants makes it more harmful clinically. Although various antibiotics are used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, previous studies have shown that sub-MIC levels of antibiotics cause biofilm formation in this type of bacteria. The present study thus deals with the effect of the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin on the biofilm dynamics of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains KPW.1-S1 and HRW.1-S3. Biofilm formation was seen to be increasing with increased gentamicin concentrations in growth media. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy accompanied with other biochemical tests deduced that biofilm-forming components like exoproteins, eDNA, and exolipids as exopolymeric substances in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were increased in the presence of gentamicin. An increase in reactive oxygen species generation along with increased cell surface hydrophobicity was also seen in both strains when treated with gentamicin. The observed increase in the adherence of the cells accompanied by an increase in exopolymeric substances, eDNA, and exolipids may have largely contributed to the increased biofilm production by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains KPW.1-S1 and HRW.1-S3 under the stress of the antibiotic treatment.
Multi-omics reveal Salmonella-liberated dietary L-arabinose promotes expansion in superspreaders
Authors: Ruddle Sarah , Massis Liliana M. , Cutter Alyssa C. , Monack Denise M.
Published: July 2022

Our understanding of specific metabolites that drive host-pathogen interactions in the guts of superspreader hosts is incomplete. In a mouse model of chronic, asymptomatic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) infection, we performed untargeted metabolomics on the feces of mice and found superspreader hosts possess distinct metabolic signatures compared to non-superspreaders, including differential levels of L-arabinose. RNA-seq on S. Tm in superspreader fecal samples showed increased expression of the L-arabinose catabolism pathway in vivo. By combining bacterial genetics and diet manipulation, we demonstrate that diet-derived L-arabinose provides S. Tm a competitive advantage in the gut. We show that expansion of S. Tm in the gut requires a previously uncharacterized alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase that can liberate L-arabinose from dietary polysaccharides. Ultimately, we demonstrate that pathogen-liberated L-arabinose from the diet provides a competitive advantage to S. Tm in vivo. These findings propose L-arabinose as a critical driver of S. Tm expansion in the guts of superspreader hosts.
Structure stabilization effect of vacancies and entropy in hexagonal WN
Authors: Han Yingna , Xing Wandong , Yu Rong , Meng Fanyan
Published: July 2022

The structural stability of hexagonal tungsten mononitride (WN) has been studied combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and first-principles calculations. The results show that the WC-type WN with vacancies of 6∼8 at% is more stable than the previously proposed MnP-type and NiAs-type structures. Due to the larger vibrational entropy of the WC-type WN, the vacancy concentration required to stabilize the WC-type structure is lower at high temperatures. The results demonstrate the importance of vacancies and configurational and vibrational entropies in the structural stability of compounds synthesized at high temperatures.
Factors impacting acceptance of e-learning in India: learners' perspective
Authors: Duggal Sanya
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to identify the most significant factors that influence acceptance of e-learning in India. As e-learning has gained popularity in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and continues to be one of the most sustainable methods of education, it is pertinent to examine learners' perception towards its acceptance. There is limited literature available on this subject in India, especially factoring in impact of the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

This study empirically analyses data of 331 adult e-learners in India, who have enrolled for one of the following e-learning formats: higher education, private coaching, test preparation, re-skilling and online certifications, corporate training and hobby and language-related learning. Their perception is examined on the basis of a model developed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. Data are analysed through structural equation modelling using SPSS and AMOS statistical tools.

Findings

The result of the study shows that Infrastructure Dependability, Effectiveness of Design and Content of Courses and Student's Competency with Computers are the top three factors impacting e-learning acceptance in India.

Research limitations/implications

This study makes several theoretical contributions. Additionally, research findings and recommendations will facilitate education providers, corporates in the education industry and policymakers to focus on the significant areas for enhancing the acceptance of e-learning.

Originality/value

This study identifies and confirms important factors that influence e-learning acceptance and suggests opportunities for further in-depth research and analysis.
Factors influencing consumer use of a sport-branded app: the technology acceptance model integrating app quality and perceived enjoyment
Authors: Won Doyeon , Chiu Weisheng , Byun Hyun
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The current study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) and information system success model (ISSM) to the context of branded sport applications. Specifically, the study examined the influences of app system success dimensions and TAM determinants on branded sport app usage intention. Moreover, the current study examined the gender differences regarding the relative importance of the drivers and predictors of usage intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection (n = 256) was conducted using convenience sampling in South Korea. The data were primarily analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), multi-group analysis and importance–performance map analysis (IPMA) using SmartPLS 3.0.

Findings

App users who viewed branded sport apps as having a higher level of system and information quality were likely to have stronger perceptions of enjoyment, usefulness, and ease of use. Among the TAM determinants, perceived enjoyment most significantly influenced their usage intention, followed by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Multigroup analysis revealed that some relationships between app system success dimensions and TAM determinants were significantly different by gender. In addition, IPMA indicated that perceived enjoyment and system quality of branded sport apps were relatively more important than the other predictors.

Originality/value

The current study contributes to the literature by incorporating both TAM and ISSM and extending the TAM with the perceived enjoyment construct to examine the key determinants of usage intention in the context of branded sport apps.
Participative climate, team job crafting and leaders' job crafting: a moderated mediation model of team performance
Authors: Khan Sadeeqa Riaz , Qammar Ahmad , Shafique Imran
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Despite increasing interest in team performance, particularly in team-based work environment, the literature is underdeveloped in explaining the mechanisms that lead to team performance. The purpose of this paper, a team-level research, is to advance the understanding of one of the mechanisms that explains how participative climate relates to team performance by studying the roles of team job crafting and leader job crafting in the process.

Design/methodology/approach

A moderated mediation model of team performance is tested through causal mediation analysis of the R mediation package using multi-sourced data collected from 250 team members working in 58 teams in the software development industry (about participative climate and team job crafting) and from their respective 58 team leaders (about leader job crafting and team performance) through online survey questionnaires.

Findings

The results indicate that teams with the perception of a higher level of participative climate are more likely to engage in team job crafting, which, in turn, leads to team performance. However, the data do not support the hypothesized moderating effect of the leader's job crafting.

Practical implications

The findings offer implications for practitioners in designing policies that improve team job performance by better understanding one of the mechanisms through which team performance is improved. The study would potentially guide practitioners on the importance of developing a participating climate in job crafting and team performance.

Originality/value

This study not only contributes to the job crafting literature by introducing participative climate as one of the important antecedents to team job crafting, but also enriches the literature on team effectiveness by explaining and empirically demonstrating the role of team job crafting in the link between participative climate and team performance. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first one to conceptualize the role of leaders' job crafting in participative climate, team job crafting, and team performance relationships.
How does psychological safety foster employee performance? A serial multiple mediation of job crafting and thriving
Authors: Lee Jae Young
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to explore the underlying mechanism of the relationship between psychological safety and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A serial multiple mediation model that explains the impact of psychological safety on performance via job crafting and thriving at work was proposed and tested using PROCESS macro (Model 6). Data were collected from 320 employees at three different large Korean organizations.

Findings

The results of this study found that job crafting and thriving at work sequentially mediate the relationship between psychological safety and performance. However, the direct effect of psychological safety on performance was found to be nonsignificant. Put differently, psychological safety is unrelated to performance independent of the effects of job crafting and thriving at work.

Originality/value

The present study theoretically contributes to psychological safety research by proposing and testing a serial mediation model that explores the underlying mechanism of the relationship between psychological safety and performance in detail. Practically, this study informs managers about the importance of ensuring a psychologically safe workplace environment and encouraging employees' proactive behaviors to enhance their performance and ability to thrive at work.
Performance evaluation and volatility of Turkey REITs during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Salami Monsurat Ayojimi , Tanrivermiş Harun , Tanrivermiş Yeşim
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the performance and volatility of Turkey Real Estate Investment Trusts (Turkish REITs) as the world is adjusting to the new normal situation in every aspect of REITs' business activities.

Design/methodology/approach

The prices of REITs were acquired from 26 Turkish REITs in this study, but owing to autocorrelation difficulties, 14 Turkish REITs were employed in the analysis. The ten-year long-term bond of the Turkish Government was also utilized and the period of data obtained was based on availability. The performance of Turkish REITs was evaluated using Sharpe's ratio and Treynor's ratio, and the volatility was assessed using MGARCH-BEKK.

Findings

The authors found out that Turkish REITs are constantly underperforming and the REITs' returns remain highly volatile and persistent. In addition, findings showed evidence of volatility clustering and the asymmetric impact of shocks. This study further revealed the uniqueness of each of the Turkish REITs due to the lack of evidence of multicollinearity.

Research limitations/implications

However, the limitation of this study is the constraint in obtaining more macro-economic variables of more than ten-years of Turkey's Government bond and the study focused mainly on Turkish REITs.

Practical implications

The result suggests that since Turkish REITs are not mandatory to payout 90% of taxable earnings as dividends, high performance and an appropriate risk management approach are expected. The need for timely revealing performance of T-REITs and associated uncertainty may trigger better performance as discussed in the relationship between disclosure and performance which is recently emphasized in a recent study by Koelbl (2020). With current performance and associated uncertainty in Turkish REITs, the need to protect Turkish REITs investors is highly essential. The result further educates REIT investors that diversification benefits of REITs tend to reduce in extremely risky situations.

Originality/value

This is the first study in the context of Turkish REITs that comprehensively integrated market capitalization of REITs and simultaneous evaluation of performance and the volatility of the Turkish REITs as the world adjusts to the new normal.
A sequential process from external stakeholder pressures to performance in services
Authors: Shi Yu , Tsai Kuen-Hung
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study develops a sequential process model to address how to improve firm performance by responding to external stakeholder pressures in service contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

The model posits that external stakeholder pressures affect firm performance through organizational learning, green creativity and environmental performance. Data from 219 service firms are utilized to test the hypotheses. A sequential mediation approach is adopted to analyze the model.

Findings

Results reveal (1) organizational learning mediates the effects of government, customer and supplier pressures on firm performance, (2) environmental performance mediates the effect of customer pressure on firm performance, (3) organizational learning and green creativity serially mediate the effects of the three stakeholder pressures on firm performance and (4) the three external stakeholder pressures enhance firm performance through organizational learning, green creativity and environmental performance in a sequential manner.

Originality/value

This study originally contributes to the service literature by providing a sequential process lens to address how to improve performance by responding to external stakeholder pressures.
Catching emotions: the moderating role of emotional contagion between leader-member exchange, psychological capital and employee well-being
Authors: Xerri Matthew J. , Cozens Rebecca , Brunetto Yvonne
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper uses conservation of resources theory to compare the impact of supervisor-employee relationships and the extent to which emotional contagion (EC) moderates the links between psychological capital (PsyCap) and well-being for United States (US) healthcare workers.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study structural equation modeling (SEM) and analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were used to test survey data collected at two points in time from 240 US doctors, nurses and allied health professionals.

Findings

The findings provide insight into why healthcare professionals, who undertake emotional labor, have a higher incidence of lower well-being and increased burnout rates compared with other jobs, except for emergency workers. The findings show that the relationship between PsyCap and well-being was different for low and high EC employees. The impact of PsyCap on well-being was greater for those with lower EC, and this means that those employees who have high EC have a greater risk of reduced well-being.

Originality/value

Traditional bureaucratic rationalist management models are inappropriate for managing those who have high EC and/or undertake emotional labor. Instead, new human resource (HR) models are needed that focus on employee well-being, and in providing greater organizational support and upskilling employees in how to cope with their emotions and to build their own reservoirs of personal support.
Viability and development of multi-axis material extrusion products: a case study
Authors: Kaill Nathaniel , Campbell Robert , Pradel Patrick
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to select a product suitable for printing via multi-axis additive manufacturing (MAAM), print it and test it to determine if, by using a multi-axis approach, it would be possible to create end use products that can withstand mechanical loading.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used in this study is a MAAM approach, and through the creation of an initial model and finite element analysis (FEA), the dominant stress vectors are identified. Using the orientation of these vectors, a three-dimensional tool path is constructed that follows the directionality as close as can be achieved while accounting for rotational road paths. This tool path is converted into a G-code and run on a 5-axis material extrusion printer. The printed samples were then tested according to the ISO standard to determine whether this can be a viable manufacturing technique.

Findings

The methodology used in this study enabled the production samples to withstand an average force of 1,100 N. This level is above the required safety threshold for the given standard. Furthermore, this reactive force is within 300 N of the typical metal sample, while being 25% of the typical weight for a conventional sample product. With a redesign and further research, it is possible to match the mechanical behaviour.

Originality/value

Recently, there has been an increased level of interest in MAAM. The research contained within this paper is original in its application of this printing method to explore whether it is possible to make end use products that meet the existing standards required by them.
Evaluation of an inpatient occupation‐based group program using a process evaluation framework
Authors: Spalding Kaitlyn , Gustafsson Louise , Di Tommaso Amelia
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Occupation‐based groups are used in inpatient rehabilitation to enhance delivery and intensity of intervention; however, little research is available to understand their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to examine the process of an occupation‐based group to understand mechanisms and success factors.

Methods

A mixed methods process evaluation using an evidence‐based framework guided implementation and analysis. Participants were those involved in the ‘LifeSkills’ group run daily in an adult inpatient general rehabilitation ward. Quantitative administrative data, goal achievement outcome measures, group observations and qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted.

Results

Thirty participants were recruited. Factors for success included consistency in group structure and support, using meaningful practise opportunities and facilitating a real‐world experience. There was no significant relationship between patient outcomes and dose of training or patient demographics.

Conclusion

This evaluation contributes to a growing body of evidence for incorporating occupation‐based approaches into rehabilitation and offers insights into practice implementation.
Digressions on the fascist state of mind. Psychoanalytic perspectives on narcissism and ‘social‐ism’
Authors: Bisagni Francesco
Published: July 2022

This paper explores some features of the theoretical and clinical problem of narcissism in the light of Bion’s model of the mind, with particular reference to the distinction between narcissism and ‘social‐ism’. This model is compared and contrasted to Jung’s speculations on the relationship between adaptation and individuation as a process implying a sense of guilt. Jung’s highlighting of the element of guilt is directly connected to his subjective experience depicted in the Red Book in the episode of the ‘Murder of the hero’. Aspects of pathological narcissism are also explored in the paper, through briefly analysing some passages of Pasolini’s movie Salò or the 120 days of Sodom.
Addictions: current perspectives
Authors: de Magalhães Tavares de Oliveira Maria Paula
Published: July 2022

This paper seeks to integrate the perspectives of analytical psychology and neurobiology in order to understand the phenomenon of addiction in contemporary society, taking into account the COVID‐19 pandemic. Jung emphasizes the role of the psyche’s self‐regulation and the development of consciousness in the individuation process. The search for experiences of transcendence is archetypal and can be achieved by the use of some substances or behaviours and can contribute to individuation. However, in contemporary society, many individuals seek to restore internal balance through behaviours that merely soothe discomfort. The difficulty in discerning use, abuse, and dependence, particularly in the case of behavioural addictions, is discussed and neurobiological factors are presented. Empathic relationships play a key role in this process as they can promote the integration of the right and left hemispheres, integrating non‐verbal experiences and language, contributing to self‐regulation. Jung emphasizes the importance of real encounters in the transformation process. Currently, meetings have become a source of anguish. The author concludes that more than ever it is necessary to invest in the quality of the interactions to prevent and treat addictions.
Civilization in transition. The contemporary imperative for an active unus mundus
Authors: Brasch Ursula , Mele Claudio
Published: July 2022

Jung's conception of ‘unus mundus’ takes on new relevance. More than ever, the question arises of what we need today to come back into harmony with the creative and healing forces of the universe. Through synchronistic events, we experience connectedness and how the world as a whole affects us. With the help of the Tarot and the Chinese wisdom book I Ching, the spiritual dimension of unus mundus can be experienced. With the Hexagram ‘56 Lü – the Wanderer’, as well as in the great Arcano ‘the Sun’ in the Tarot, and in the symbol of the snake, it is shown that one should be adaptable and willing to learn constantly. All archetypal images speak about the need to be aware, that periods of transition are dangerous and exciting. The important exercise here is to prepare oneself for the cosmic order of constant changes.
The many faces of power
Authors: Cordeiro Ana Maria
Published: July 2022

When we talk about ‘power’, we’re often referring to subjugation by external forces, to potentially abusive situations, to violence and to the objectification of humanity. In short, we often talk about power when we feel powerless, so we end up focusing on its destructive aspects.

We experience a plethora of different powers: economic power, political power, religious power, the power of nature, parental power, the power of a boss or master. It’s always an asymmetric relation; someone holds the reins of power, and the others must submit. Our psyche, whether on a collective or individual level, seeks to express itself and to be acknowledged. We fight to become, to realize our potential, to get ever closer to our individuation process.

Power dynamics however, go beyond such collective (and frequently sombre) arrangements: power is also an essentially creative force. In this paper I want to discuss power as something intrinsic to all creation. Through the symbolic analysis of myths and legends, I argue for the need to integrate the deep feminine in the exercise of power in order to release and express its full potential. I also discuss the need for power, love and wisdom to work together as complementary forces.
Politics and power in ultra‐modernity
Authors: Valente Vera Colson
Published: July 2022

This work addresses three main issues: (i) Jung's positions on the historical events that he lived through, which are mainly presented in Volume 10 of his Collected Works; (ii) a reflection from a psychological perspective on the times we are experiencing, identifying the main contemporary psychopathologies; (iii) the possibility and need for including the pathologies of our time in our psychotherapeutic work.
Observations on psychic vulnerability to media dissemination of false political‐ideological messages (fake news)
Authors: Bragarnich Rubens
Published: July 2022

The author seeks to understand the functioning of the dissemination of false messages (fake news) and its impact on the individual and collective psyche from the perspective of contemporary analytical psychology. The paper considers the current Zeitgeist along with the cultural factors that created the propitious ground for increasing media dissemination from the 1990s onwards. The growing influence of analytical psychology within the sociohistorical approach is valued. The author notes the vulnerability of the individual and collective consciousness to fake news and its insertion into competent and credible conspiracy theories. Despite, on the one hand, the formal efforts of websites, digital platforms and other digital distribution agents to verify and control this dysfunctional communication and, on the other hand, the search for psychological defence measures, there still seems to be no solution in sight.
Introduction to an epistemology for analytical psychology in a civilization in transition
Authors: Ferreira Vieira Tito Livio
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the epistemological sources of C.G. Jung’s psychology over the course of its historical evolution. It considers whether his model should be seen as a scientific‐philosophical, artistic, or an ethical‐mystical model, or a combination of these; whether epistemological knowledge can come from getting a ‘vision of the whole’ or ‘grasping the particulars thoroughly’ (Jung 1939, para. 1012); as well as exploring the philosophers of science with whom Jung’s epistemological model best coheres. The paper calls on the work of Joseph Henderson and his concept of the cultural unconscious, as well as exploring the contribution of Brazilian and Latin American civilization to the evolution of analytical psychology.
Evaluating the suitability of current mitochondrial DNA interpretation guidelines for multigenerational whole mitochondrial genome comparisons
Authors: Connell Jasmine R. , Benton Miles C. , Lea Rodney A. , Sutherland Heidi G. , Haupt Larisa M. , Wright Kirsty M. , Griffiths Lyn R.
Published: July 2022

Sanger sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was previously the only method available for forensic casework involving degraded samples from skeletal remains. The introduction of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has transformed genetic data generation and human identification using mtDNA. Whole mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) analysis is now being introduced into forensic laboratories around the world to analyze historical remains. Research into large pedigrees using the mtGenome is critical to evaluate currently available interpretation guidelines for mtDNA analysis, which were developed for comparisons using the control region. This study included mtGenomes from 225 individuals from the last four generations of the Norfolk Island (NI) genetic isolate pedigree consisting of 49 distinct maternal lineages. The data from these individuals were arranged into 2339 maternally related pairs separated by up to 18 meioses. Our results show that 97.3% of maternally related pairs were concordant at all nucleotide positions, resulting in the correct interpretation of “Cannot Exclude”; 2.7% of pairs produced an “Inconclusive” result, and there were no instances of false exclusion. While these results indicate that existing guidelines are suitable for multigenerational whole mtGenome analysis, we recommend caution be taken when classifying heteroplasmic changes as differences for human identification. Our data showed the classification of heteroplasmic changes as differences increases the prevalence of inconclusive identification by 6%, with false exclusions observed in 0.34% of pairs examined. Further studies of multigenerational pedigrees, however, are needed to validate mtGenome interpretation guidelines for historical case work to more fully utilize emerging advancements.
Provincializing bioethics
Authors: BANERJEE DWAIPAYAN
Published: July 2022

Since the 1980s, anthropologists have criticized a US‐centric view of bioethics that presents individual autonomy as a universal principle without acknowledging its embeddedness in time and place. A recent turn in this critique points out how this view has gained dominance across the world, traveling alongside clinical trials and global health interventions. Here, centering a competing bioethical vision disrupts this division between the Global North as a site of ethical conceptualization and the South as the recipient of its diffusion. Indian legal bioethics—concerned with protecting the critically ill body in intensive care—rejects the primacy of autonomy, instead empowering courts to override the choices of patients, families, and doctors. This competing bioethics commits its own harms, misrepresenting vulnerability as a problem of sociomoral underdevelopment rather than as the outcome of increasing inflows of global capital, new patterns of land acquisition, and a growing public‐private health care divide. [bioethics, end of life, norms, ethics, medicine, law, intensive care, Delhi, India]
Alternative Economies and Commoning Practices in Catalonia: Unpacking Ecoxarxes from a Social Studies of Economisation Perspective
Authors: Balaguer Rasillo Xavier , Wirth Manuel
Published: July 2022

The alternative economies of the Ecoxarxes (eco‐networks) are created by autonomous networks of like‐minded groups that use social currency and mutual support practices for producing and exchanging goods, services and knowledge in the Spanish region of Catalonia. Drawing on ethnographic research, we show that these commoning projects aim to establish and sustain alternative economies that are predominantly framed as fostering cooperation, mutual aid and the commons. However, we complicate the picture by using a social studies of economisation approach as an analytical method, highlighting the variegated and contested character of the Ecoxarxes. This perspective demonstrates how economic projects, including alternative ones, have their own framings, frictions, challenges and misfires that emerge from within. As much as the Ecoxarxes have a post‐capitalist spirit and a commoning praxis, we equally engage with issues such as overaccumulation of social currency, the need for regulation, burnouts and constraints to participation.
Nature and well‐being in seven European cities: The moderating effect of connectedness to nature
Authors: Fleury‐Bahi Ghozlane , Galharret Jean‐Michel , Lemée Colin , Wittenberg Inga , Olivos Pablo , Loureiro Ana , Jeuken Yvette , Laïlle Pauline , Navarro Oscar
Published: July 2022

Well‐being is transversal to different urban‐related challenges such as increasing urbanization or adaptation to the effects of climate change. One possible response to these challenges is the use of nature in cities. The aim of this study is to investigate how the objective quantity of natural space near the home, the perception of these natural elements, and their perceived availability, moderated by the effect of connectedness to nature, could explain levels of well‐being. A survey was conducted among a sample of 1343 participants living in seven European cities. Data were collected online via a questionnaire. Indicators of the objective quantity of urban natural space based on remotely sensed satellite imagery were also used. Regression models highlight the association between well‐being and perceived amount of nature, accessibility to a community garden, and level of connectedness to nature. A moderating and negative effect of connectedness to nature on the association between the perceived quantity of nature and well‐being was also identified. Perception of nature seems to be a better indicator of well‐being than the objective one. Results highlight the importance of the social dimension of collective gardens in enhancing well‐being. Connectedness to nature could facilitate appropriation of natural elements and its effects on well‐being.