bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma’s Next Top Model: Novel Culture Systems for Brain Cancer Radiotherapy Research
Authors: Caragher Seamus P. , Chalmers Anthony J. , Gomez-Roman Natividad
Published: November 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, remains one of the least treatable cancers. Current standard of care—combining surgical resection, radiation, and alkylating chemotherapy—results in a median survival of only 15 months. Despite decades of investment and research into the development of new therapies, most candidate anti-glioma compounds fail to translate into effective treatments in clinical trials. One key issue underlying this failure of therapies that work in pre-clinical models to generate meaningful improvement in human patients is the profound mismatch between drug discovery systems—cell cultures and mouse models—and the actual tumors they are supposed to imitate. Indeed, current strategies that evaluate the effects of novel treatments on GBM cells in vitro fail to account for a wide range of factors known to influence tumor growth. These include secreted factors, the brain’s unique extracellular matrix, circulatory structures, the presence of non-tumor brain cells, and nutrient sources available for tumor metabolism. While mouse models provide a more realistic testing ground for potential therapies, they still fail to account for the full complexity of tumor-microenvironment interactions, as well as the role of the immune system. Based on the limitations of current models, researchers have begun to develop and implement novel culture systems that better recapitulate the complex reality of brain tumors growing in situ. A rise in the use of patient derived cells, creative combinations of added growth factors and supplements, may provide a more effective proving ground for the development of novel therapies. This review will summarize and analyze these exciting developments in 3D culturing systems. Special attention will be paid to how they enhance the design and identification of compounds that increase the efficacy of radiotherapy, a bedrock of GBM treatment.
Modelling a Silent Epidemic: A Review of the In Vitro Models of Latent Tuberculosis
Authors: Gibson Savannah E. R. , Harrison James , Cox Jonathan A. G.
Published: November 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is the primary cause of death by a single infectious agent; responsible for around two million deaths in 2016. A major virulence factor of TB is the ability to enter a latent or Non-Replicating Persistent (NRP) state which is presumed untreatable. Approximately, 1.7 billion people are latently infected with TB and on reactivation many of these infections are drug resistant. As the current treatment is ineffective and diagnosis remains poor, millions of people have the potential to reactivate into active TB disease. The immune system seeks to control the TB infection by containing the bacteria in a granuloma, where it is exposed to stressful anaerobic and nutrient deprived conditions. It is thought to be these environmental conditions that trigger the NRP state. A number of in vitro models have been developed that mimic conditions within the granuloma to a lesser or greater extent. These different models have all been utilised for the research of different characteristics of NRP Mycobacterium tuberculosis, however their disparity in approach and physiological relevance often results in inconsistencies and a lack of consensus between studies. This review provides a summation of the different NRP models and a critical analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages relating to their physiological relevance.
Semi-automatic Algorithms for Estimation and Tracking of AP-diameter of the IVC in Ultrasound Images
Authors: Karami Ebrahim , Shehata Mohamed , Smith Andrew
Published: November 2018

Medical research has suggested that the anterior-posterior (AP)-diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and its associated temporal variation as imaged by bedside ultrasound is useful in guiding fluid resuscitation of the critically-ill patients. This paper develops semi-automatic active ellipse and rectangle algorithms for measurement and tracking of the AP-diameter. The proposed algorithms are compared with an expert manual measurement and the previous work based on active circle model. It is shown that regardless of the shape of the IVC, the rectangle model always outperforms the two other models and performs very close to manual measurement.
A CIDADE COMO ESPAÇO DE APRENDIZAGEM: EDUCAÇÃO E MOBILIDADE NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Lucena Simone , Schlemmer Eliane , Arruda Eucidio Pimenta
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa, em andamento, financiada pelo Edital CAPES/FAPITEC/SE N° 10/2016 - Programa de Estímulo a Mobilidade e ao Aumento da Cooperação Acadêmica da Pós-Graduação em Sergipe. Esta pesquisa, desenvolvida em rede, tem como finalidade a promoção de ações colaborativas e cooperativas, na perspectiva da compreensão sobre como a cidade pode se constituir em espaços de convivência híbridos e multimodais de aprendizagem no âmbito da gamificação na educação na era da mobilidade. Participam desta investigação três universidades brasileiras Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos) e Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e seus respectivos programas de pós-graduação, linhas e grupos de pesquisa. Como resultado, parcial, observamos um gap existente entre o mundo das crianças e adolescentes e o mundo da escola (o que envolve a formação docente em diferentes níveis), que apesar de seu caráter histórico, precisa problematizar as dimensões da instabilidade tecnológica vivenciadas pela juventude.
UM DISCURSO SOBRE FOUCAULT NA PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Sobral Maria Neide
Published: November 2018

Tratar da análise de discurso baseado na perspectiva foucaultiana a partir de uma narrativa de si é o objetivo desse artigo. Procurei descrever o percurso de minha aproximação com Foucault e como fui trabalhando determinados discursos da Educação, no processo de problematização, na análise dos enunciados em seu referente, na função-sujeito do discurso, nos campos correlatos ao discurso e na materialidade do mesmo. Em uma abordagem autobiográfica temática, utilizei-me de minhas memórias em relação a leituras que fiz de textos de Foucault e de alguns comentadores, bem como de textos que produzi na História da Educação para desvelar os desafios, as limitações e os significados em trabalhar análise de discurso na perspectiva desse autor.  Nesse percurso, foi possível em uma re-inventiva textual, enunciar também um discurso sobre Foucault na pesquisa em Educação
FINALIDADE EDUCATIVA DO PENSAMENTO EDUCACIONAL DE DURKHEIM: UM PER(IN)CURSO
Authors: Unger Lynna Gabriella Silva , Cardoso Lívia de Rezende
Published: November 2018

Este ensaio trata de reflexões que buscam articular as interseções entre o pensamento educacional cunhado por Durkheim, tomando como fio condutor a sua defesa a laicidade e a instauração da Educação como dever uno do Estado e o fazer educacional nacional atual, que reverbera nos moldes operantes do sistema de ensino brasileiro. Sem perder de vista o pano de fundo histórico que rege o tecer de sentidos e funcionalidades educacionais, o argumento central é que ainda há predominância de uma moral conservadora e religiosa que norteiam o funcionamento da Educação no Brasil, permeada por uma concepção de que a educação deva fomentar valores ligados a direitos de duas ordens: os ligados à cidadania e, por isso, ligados também a processos históricos e políticos específicos.
VOZES DO TRIUNFO: NARRATIVAS DE SI DE PROFESSORAS DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Santos Aldenise Cordeiro , Feldens Dinamara Garcia
Published: November 2018

Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a produção discursiva acerca da mulher na escola contemporânea. Com o objetivo de compreender as instâncias e caminhos por meio do qual se construiu na instituição escolar formações discursivas e saberes acerca da mulher. Utilizando-se da genealogia como abordagem metodológica, sem com isso buscar uma identidade de mulher, mas sim percorrer os diferentes enunciados, imagens, subjetividades, ações, objetos, espaços, camadas, discursos e saberes produzidos a seu respeito. Por meio de entrevistas com professoras do povoado Triunfo, da cidade de Simão Dias, do interior de Sergipe, iremos traçando narrativas de si dessas docentes junto às intercessões teóricas. São três professoras que atuam na educação básica, que em suas narrativas sinalizam elementos que compõe a docência, como o longo e infinito caminho da formação.  Portanto, esta é uma construção genealógica das diversas camadas que compõe o conceito mulher, que também tem sua composição nos espaços escolares.
FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR LITERÁRIO NO ENSINO MÉDIO: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE LEITURA DO GÊNERO ROMANCE EM SUPORTES DIGITAIS
Authors: Silva Raphaelle Nascimento , Couto Edvaldo Souza
Published: November 2018

Situado no campo teórico dos estudos da cibercultura aplicados à educação e no contexto da cultura digital, o artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou os usos que um grupo de estudantes do ensino médio, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia – IFBA, Campus Barreiras, faz das tecnologias digitais móveis no que tange as suas práticas de leitura literária, em particular, do gênero romance. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, descritivo e analítico. O argumento central é de que os usos das tecnologias digitais móveis nas práticas de leitura do gênero romance podem repercutir na formação do leitor na perspectiva dos letramentos digital e literário. A pesquisa concluiu que os sujeitos realizaram durante o estudo suas primeiras experiências de leitura intermediadas por suportes digitais móveis. Esse fato justifica um apego ainda excessivo à cultura do impresso, com poucos, mas importantes avanços na leitura literária intertextual, própria dos ambientes de rede.
AFETIVIDADE E INTERATIVIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA: ANÁLISES SOBRE SUJEITOS DE DUAS INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Ramos Marina Rodrigues , Arruda Eucidio Pimenta
Published: November 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como são estabelecidas as relações de afetividade e interatividade nos processos que envolvem os atores (da Educação a Distância (EaD) e de que forma essas relações contribuem para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. A problematização busca investigar como acontecem as relações de interatividade e afetividade nos processos que envolvem os atores (aluno, professor, tutor e equipe de profissionais) da educação a distância. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar dos profissionais buscarem oportunizar diferentes estratégias didáticas, a fim de contribuir com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos, ainda existe um longo caminho a ser percorrido para desenvolver as potencialidades da interatividade e afetividade nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem superior.
FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA EM CONTEXTO HÍBRIDO E MULTIMODAL: RESSIGNIFICANDO PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS POR MEIO DE PROJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM GAMIFICADOS
Authors: Bersch Maria Elisabete , Schlemmer Eliane
Published: November 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir uma proposta de formação continuada de professores em contexto híbrido e multimodal, em sua potencialidade de mobilizar a ressignificação das práticas pedagógicas por meio de projetos de aprendizagem gamificados. A proposta integra as ações da pesquisa “A cidade como espaço de aprendizagem: games e gamificação na constituição de Espaços de Convivência Híbridos, Multimodais, Pervasivos e Ubíquos para o desenvolvimento da Cidadania”, que tem como objetivo contribuir para com a mudança da cultura escolar, tendo em vista os atuais sujeitos de aprendizagem, os meios com os quais interagem e suas formas de aprender. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e inspirada no método cartográfico de pesquisa intervenção proposto por Kastrup (2007; 2008), Passos, Kastrup e Escóssia (2009) e Passos, Kastrup e Tedesco (2014). Os resultados evidenciados pelos movimentos que os professores articulam nas escolas, indicam que a proposta tem contribuído significativamente para aproximar professores da educação básica, pesquisadores e professores do ensino superior enquanto co-criadores de saberes acerca da docência, potencializando a construção de práticas pedagógicas agregativas e reticulares e contribuindo para a mudança da cultura escolar!
APLICATIVOS MÓVEIS PARA A ALFABETIZAÇÃO E LETRAMENTO NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Bottentuit Júnior João Batista , Correa Sá Menez Messiane Rose , Wunsch Luana Priscila
Published: November 2018

O presente trabalho integra as discussões do grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Tecnologias Digitais na Educação e objetiva analisar as metodologias didático-pedagógicas expressas em aplicativos móveis que propõe meios de contribuição no processo de alfabetização e letramento. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, quantitativa e qualitativa, mediante um levantamento da produção disponível na WEB e análises de amostras de aplicativos móveis disponíveis no site do Google Play, a pesquisa está fundamentada em produções teóricas dedicadas tanto aos estudos sobre alfabetização e letramento quanto à integração das tecnologias da informação e comunicação nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Perante esta estrutura metodológica, emergiram resultados motivadores quanto à interação, dinâmica e ludicidade entre alunos e tais recursos. No entanto, sugerimos quanto à proposta didática a ampliação de conteúdos com atividades e jogos na perspectiva do letramento. Em face do exposto, esperamos que o estudo possa contribuir na reflexão sobre a temática, ressaltando a influência das transformações tecnológicas, decorridas da evolução humana no processo de aprendizagem.
Latent Tuberculosis and Current Health Disparities in California: Making the Invisible Visible
Authors: Katrak Shereen , Flood Jenny
Published: November 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to have devastating consequences for patients both globally and locally, with disease risk concentrated in specific subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, and nativity. We highlight TB disparities in California in 2016, and describe opportunities to reduce disparities by scaling up screening and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in primary care settings.

Primary impediments to mainstreaming LTBI screening and treatment and reducing TB disparities include poor understanding of patient-level barriers, knowledge gaps on the part of health care providers, and insufficient promotion of effective testing and treatment strategies.

To overcome these barriers, efforts should focus on finding and engaging high-risk patients and the providers who serve them, as well as enabling health care systems to adopt recommended strategies for testing and treatment through improved dissemination of policy, tracking and measuring LTBI outcomes, and reducing financial barriers to LTBI treatment.
Changes in Tuberculosis Disparities at a Time of Decreasing Tuberculosis Incidence in the United States, 1994–2016
Authors: Khan Awal , Marks Suzanne , Katz Dolly , Morris Sapna Bamrah , Lambert Lauren , Magee Elvin , Bowman Sloane , Grant Gail
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To assess national progress in reducing disparities in rates of tuberculosis (TB) disease, which disproportionately affects minorities.

Methods. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance data and US Census data to calculate TB rates for 1994 through 2016 by race/ethnicity, national origin, and other TB risk factors. We assessed progress in reducing disparities with rate ratios (RRs) and indexes of disparity, defined as the average of the differences between subpopulation and all-population TB rates divided by the all-population rate.

Results. Although TB rates decreased for all subpopulations, RRs increased or stayed the same for all minorities compared with Whites. For racial/ethnic groups, indexes of disparity decreased from 1998 to 2008 (P < .001) but increased thereafter (P = .33). The index of disparity by national origin increased an average of 1.5% per year.

Conclusions. Although TB rates have decreased, disparities have persisted and even increased for some populations. To address the problem, the CDC’s Division of TB Elimination has focused on screening and treating latent TB infection, which is concentrated among minorities and is the precursor for more than 85% of TB cases in the United States.
Direct Stimulation by Methanol Addition on the Cultured Medium for Methanol Dehydrogenase Protein Purification from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110
Authors: Kurniawati Novita , Pertiwiningrum Ambar , Erwanto Yuny , Fitriyanto Nanung Agus , Abidin Mohammad Zainal
Published: November 2018

Methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme was purified from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 cell-free extract. The bacteria were grown in a culture medium with direct 0.5% methanol addition aimed to stimulates the MDH catalytic enzyme activation. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 MDH enzyme was purified by using 25 mM 2-(N-morpholine) ethanesulfonic acid/MES pH 5.5 buffer and 1 M sodium chloride/NaCl which separated into three columns, the first column was PD-10 for buffer exchange; the second column was HiTrap Sepharose HP to obtain unbonded fraction in the column; and the third column was Mono S 5/50 GL integrated with two pumps HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) to obtain pure MDH enzyme for serial changing of 1 M NaCl-25mM MES pH 5.5 with the flow rate at 1 ml/min. The protein concentration and MDH catalytic enzyme activity were observed on each purification process starting from the cell-free extract to pure MDH enzyme. The pure MDH enzyme was obtained by Mono S 5/50 GL-HPLC purification which showed a single band on SDS PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The MDH enzyme purification from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 showed 90-fold purification, a sub-molecular weight of 63 kDa, specific activity at 2.69 U/mg, and optimum activity at a 35oC temperature and pH 9.
The Use 3 of Banana Peel Meal (Musa paradisiaca) as Substitution of Corn in the Diets on Performance and Carcass Production of Hybrid Ducks
Authors: Fitroh Bagus Andika , Wihandoyo Wihandoyo , Supadmo Supadmo
Published: November 2018

This study was aimed to evaluate the utilization of banana peel meal as alternatives to substitution of corn in the diets based on the performance, carcass production, intestinal villi, the best type and utilization level of banana peel meal as corn substitution. A total of 105 male day old duck used in a completely randomized design (CRD), i.e. half of it (25%) and all of it (50%) replacing corn with banana peel meal PB= basal feed without banana peel meal; K25 and K50 = basal feed with Kepok banana peel meal; T25 dan T50 = basal feed with Tanduk banana peel meal; R25 dan R50 = basal feed with Raja banana pel meal. each treatment was done through 3 replications, with each replication consisted of 5 hybrid ducks. The data with significant differences were analyzed using orthogonal contrast. The paramater collected include performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion), carcass and abdominal percentage (carcass weight and carcass percentage). The results of the study showed that the utilization of banana peel meal on ducks had lower yields (P<0.05) in body weight gain, body weight, carcass weight, abdominal fat weight, but had higher feed conversion rather than basal feed treatment. It could be concluded that banana peel meal can not be used as substitution of corn in diets, because it can decrease the performance and carcass production of ducks, banana peel meal Kepok and Tanduk with level of 25% gives best performance and carcass weight when used as substitution of corn.
The Potential of Concentrate of Fermented Milk for Natural Antibacterial
Authors: Wulansari Putri Dian , Rahayu Novia , Ardigurnita Firgian
Published: November 2018

The objective of the study was to investigate the potential of concentrated fermented milk (yoghurt and kefir) from cow milk and goat milk as a natural antibacterial ingredient. Completely randomized factorial design 2x2 was used in this research. The first factor was the type of fermentation (yoghurt and kefir) and the second factor was type of milk (cow milk and goat milk). The parameters measured were composition, inhibitory test, chemical and physical test. The results showed that the type of milk had significantly affected (P<0.05) on amount of whey and antibacterial activity. Type of fermentation and milk type have a significant effect (P<0.05) on concentrate. Concentrated fermented goat milk has the higher resistance to S. aureus bacteria than concentrated fermented cow milk on the inhibitory test. The type of fermentation and milk type has no significant effect on the composition (moisture content and total solids) and chemical characteristics (pH, lactic acid and free fatty acids) of the concentrate and whey. The conclusion of this research is goat milk yoghurt concentrate was potential to used as a natural antibacterial material.
Monitoring Postoperative Opioid Use Following Simple Arthroscopic Meniscectomy
Authors: Gardner Vance , Gazzaniga David , Shepard Michael , Grumet Robert , Rubin Benjamin , Dempewolf Michael , Bray Camille , Prietto Carlos
Published: November 2018

Background:

Orthopaedic surgeons are confronted with a difficult dilemma: managing acute pain postoperatively and balancing the risk of prescription opioid use. To our knowledge, a prospective performance-improvement project providing opioid-prescription recommendations based on the actual amounts of usual and customary medication consumed following simple knee meniscectomy has not been described.

Methods:

One hundred and two patients undergoing arthroscopic knee meniscectomy prospectively recorded postoperative pain medications in a pain journal. Arthroscopic procedures were performed at 2 centers by 9 fellowship-trained senior surgeons. Various usual and customary prescribing protocols were observed, and the amount of medication consumed was recorded. Prescription and over-the-counter pain medication, quantity, frequency, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were collected.

Results:

One hundred and two patients filled a prescription opioid medication and were included in the study. A total of 3,765 pills were prescribed, and a total of 573.5 were consumed. For the 102 patients who filled a prescription, the average time consuming opioid medication was 2 ± 2 days (range, 0 to 13 days) postoperatively. No cases of persistent use were recorded. Of the 102 patients who filled a prescription, 29.4% did not take any prescription opioids postoperatively. A total of 3,191.5 pills (or 22,183.75 morphine milligram equivalents [MME]) were unused and were potentially available to the community.

Conclusions:

Following simple knee arthroscopy, the amount of prescribed opioid medication exceeds the need for postoperative pain management. In general, 68% of patients require a maximum of 13 pills postoperatively for 6 days. Surgeons should adjust prescribing standards accordingly to limit the amount of prescription opioids available to the community. Furthermore, a comprehensive response to include increased patient screening and monitoring as well as opioid use and disposal education is recommended.
Role Stress, Personality Types, Burnout, and Performance of Midwives in the Achievement of Postnatal Care Program in Surabaya
Authors: Halimsetiono Elita , Rochmah Thinni Nurul , Suminar Dewi Retno
Published: November 2018

The coverage of postnatal care program in Surabaya had declined since 2011–2013 and could not reach the target. This analytic study with an observational approach and a cross-sectional design was conducted during April–May 2015 to analyze the effect of role stress, personality types, and burnout on midwives’ performance in the achievement of postnatal care program in Surabaya. A total sample of 45 midwives was collected from eight public health care centers in Surabaya with basic emergency obstetric and neonatal care services. The method of accidental sampling was used for sample selection. The results of this study indicated that most of the midwives were aged 20–30 years and had an education level of diploma in midwifery. Furthermore, the majority of them were married and predominantly consisted of contract workers with work experiences of <5 and 5 to <10 years. In addition, most of the midwives did not have role stress and had an agreeableness personality type. However, the majority of them had mild burnout and showed mid-level performance. There was no influence of demographic characteristics, role stress, and personality types on burnout, whereas the performance was affected by role stress and personality types. The midwives’ performance was more influenced by personality types than by role stress.
Alternatives to Conventional Nitrogen Fertilization on Tall Fescue and Bermudagrass
Authors: Corbin M. D. , Nave R. L. G. , Bates G. E. , Butler D. M. , Hawkins S. A.
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Comparing sources of N applied to grasses can help lead to decisions N application.

This information assists southeastern producers with guidelines on N fertilization.

With conventional N fertilizer increasing prices, it is important to explore different alternatives.

Alternatives to conventional N fertilization on tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus(Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons. cv. Kentucky‐31] and bermudagrass [Cynadon dactylon(L.) Pers. cv. Vaughn’s #1] were studied at the University of Tennessee Plateau Research and Education Center in Crossville, TN. The experimental period occurred from April to September 2016 and 2017, and the experimental design for each experiment was a completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replications (n= 24). For both species, treatments were: control (CN) without N fertilization; grass and white clover (WC) [Trifolium repens(L.) cv. Ladino‐Will]; grass and red clover (RC) [Trifolium pretense(L.) cv. Cinnamon Plus]; grass and cowpea (CW) [Vigna unguiculata(L.) cv. ‘Iron & Clay’]; broiler litter (BL); and ammonium nitrate (AN). Legume percentage of CW in tall fescue was comparable to RC in tall fescue (P= 0.646) in 2016 but differed in 2017 (P= 0.0002). Also in tall fescue, RC treatments resulted in the greatest total herbage mass (HM) in 2017, which was 1986 kg ha−1more than other treatments. In 2017, RC and WC treatments in tall fescue were greater in (ADF) for most of the growing season. For bermudagrass, RC treatments resulted in the greatest HM in 2016, with 4526 kg ha−1more than other treatments, and in 2017 with 4289 kg ha−1more than other treatments. Treatments containing a single application of BL or AN in spring each year showed no differences for total HM and crude protein (CP) in both species.
Effects of Different Soil Tillage Systems on Soil Carbon Management Index Under Double‐Cropping Rice Field in Southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Xiao Xiaoping , Li Chao , Tang Wenguang , Cheng Kaikai , Pan Xiaochen , Wang Ke , Li Weiyan
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

SOC and AOC were higher in CT and RT treatments than RTO at 0 to 5, 5 to 10, and 10 to 20 cm.

Lability, LI, and CMI in the CT treatment were higher than NT treatment at 0 to 5 and 10 to 20 cm.

SOC stocks were significantly higher in NT at 0 to 5 cm than under the RTO treatment.

SOC stocks were significantly higher in CT and RT at 5 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm than under RTO.

Interactions between tillage and soil organic carbon (SOC) impact soil structure, soil quality, and the calculated soil carbon management index (CMI). However, the effects of different tillage and residue management systems on the dynamics of SOC remain unclear under double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, the effects of soil tillage and incorporated residues on soil bulk density, SOC, soil active organic carbon (AOC), and the CMI were studied in a southern China double‐cropped rice system. The experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with residue incorporation (RT), no tillage with residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with residue removed as a control (RTO). The results indicated that soil bulk density increased under NT in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, SOC was higher under NT than that of other treatments, and SOC in the 5‐ to 20‐cm layer was higher under CT and RT than under NT and RTO. The greatest SOC and AOC contents were observed under CT at the 5‐ to 10‐cm and 10‐ to 20‐cm layers. The CMI was used to assess the soil quality change with different soil tillage practices. The application of residue combined with conventional tillage or rotary tillage was more effective for increasing soil carbon pool index (CPI) and CMI than was rotary tillage with the residue was removed. The CMI for the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth under RT and CT were higher (P < 0.05) than the NT treatment. Meanwhile, RT significantly enhanced the SOC stocks over the RTO treatment at three different depths. As a result, based on soil CMI and C storage, double‐cropping rice using a no‐tillage system where crop residues are not removed could increase SOC in the surface 5 cm.
Evaluation of a Petroleum‐Derived Spray Oil for Control of Microdochium Patch and Turfgrass Spring Performance on Nordic Golf Greens
Authors: Aamlid Trygve S. , Niemeläinen Oiva , Paaske Klaus , Widmark David , Ruuttunen Pentti , Kedonperä Auli
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

Mineral oil was as effective as or more effective than fungicides in controling Microdochium patch.

Repeated applications of mineral oil in autumn might inhibit turfgrass green‐up in spring.

Mineral oil can reduce conventional fungicide use on Nordic golf courses.

Greenkeepers are looking for alternatives to fungicides for control of turfgrass diseases. Our objective was to evaluate a petroleum‐derived spray oil with a blue‐green pigment for control of Microdochium patch/pink snow mold (Microdochium nivale) on golf course putting greens with various durations of snow cover. The spray oil was applied at rates 27 or 54 L ha−1 every third week from late August or September to December, either alone, in tank mixture with potassium phosphite (3 kg PO3 ha−1) or in tank mixture with half rate of fungicides approved for turf, in five 1‐yr trials in the Nordic countries. The oil was as effective or more effective than fungicides and gave, on average, 94 and 98% disease control at rates 27 and 54 L ha−1, respectively. Tank mixtures with half rate of prochloraz + propioconazole and fludioxonil did not increase disease suppression in a trial with 79 d snow cover. Phosphite reduced disease severity in one trial only and did not improve disease control or turfgrass quality when tank‐mixed with the oil. The pigment in the spray oil was highly persistent and improved turfgrass greenness except in a trial where the combination of oil and ice cover gave a transitory black color at ice melt. Another trial with long snow cover showed a drop in turfgrass quality in spring as the spray oil prevented normal green‐up. In conclusion, this research shows that a spray oil has the potential to reduce fungicide use on Nordic golf courses.
Exploring Scale‐Specific Controls on Soil Water Content across a 500‐Kilometer Transect Using Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Zhao Yali , Wang Yunqiang , Zhang Xingchang , Wang Li
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas

We used MEMD to explore scale‐specific controls of SWC at a 500‐km transect.

The largest mean scale of SWC and environmental factors along the transect was 121 km.

Precipitation and temperature were large‐scale factors controlling SWC.

Elevation and sand were moderate‐scale factors controlling SWC.

Clay content was the dominant factor controlling SWC at all scales.

Soil water content (SWC) varies both spatially and temporally and is highly controlled by various factors operating at different intensities and scales. In this study, we investigated the scale‐specific controls of SWC along a 500‐km transect using multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) at 42 sites. Soil water content and six environmental factors were divided into different intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residuals to represent different scales. Different values of IMFs for SWC and environmental factors were obtained throughout the whole profile and within five soil layers (0–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–4, and 4–5 m). The largest scales (i.e., the scales that explain largest portion of variances) of SWC and environmental factors depended on the soil layer from which SWC was involved in MEMD analysis, and they were 272, 126, 134, 126, 117, and 121 km for soil layers from 0 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5, and 0 to 5 m, respectively. The residuals accounted for a majority (33–78.1%) of the variance of the original data. At large scales (>250 km), precipitation and temperature were the controlling factors on SWC, whereas at moderate scales (65 km), elevation and sand were the factors determining SWC. In contrast, at all scales, clay content affected SWC distribution. The scale‐specific prediction of SWC on the basis of IMFs and residuals contained more information on environmental factors than the results obtained at the measurement scale. Overall, SWC prediction from IMFs and their residuals were superior to those based on the original data. Using information obtained from MEMD could improve our understanding of the scale‐specific characteristics of soil water and environmental factors across a long transect scale.
Antifungal Activity and Detoxification of Aflatoxins by Plant Extracts: Potential for Food Applications
Authors: Ponzilacqua Bárbara , Corassin Carlos Humberto , Oliveira Carlos Augusto Fernandes
Published: November 2018

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genusAspergillus, which occur naturally in cereals like corn, beans and rice. Aflatoxin B1causes an extensive number of toxic effects in animals and humans. This mycotoxin is a stable term and can act in low concentrations due to their higher toxicity. Management to prevent commodities aflatoxin contamination is essential during the production, mainly in pre- and post-harvest steps. A number of essential oils and aqueous plant extracts have been reported to be fungal growth inhibitors and may provide an attractive alternative to prevent aflatoxin contamination in foods. Thus, the aim of this review is to highlight recent data on thein vitroantifungal activity of essential oils and aqueous extracts from plants and discuss the perspectives of their use in food products.
Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services among Women in Vhembe District, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vhuromu Elisa N. , T. Goon Daniel , Maputle Maria S. , Lebese Rachel T. , Okafor Benedine U.
Published: November 2018

Aim:

Screening for early detection and treatment of cervical cancer is a cornerstone of prevention. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness in women about the utilization of cervical cancer screening services in Vhembe District, South Africa.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved a random selection of 500 women aged 20-59 years in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data was collectedviaa self-structured questionnaire on the demographic variables, provision, utilization and awareness of cervical cancer screening services.

Results:

The majority of the participants agreed to have cervical cancer screening services in their clinics (79.2%), and never had a Pap smear (58.6%). Most women would not go for cervical cancer screening, mainly because of a lack of facilities (30.0%), fear of pain (24.4%), and embarrassment (15.2%). Most participants indicated that Pap smear test meant scraping the cervix to detect abnormal cancerous cells (39.2%) and 34.2% did not know a Pap smear. Majority of the participants indicated Pap smears should be done every 10 years (65.8%); Pap smears could detect cervical cancer earlier (66.8%), and had heard about cervical cancer (71.6%). The majority of the participants considered cervical cancer as a serious problem to warrant considerable attention (59.4%); and some perceived cervical cancer as transmittable through multiple sexual partners (22.2%). The majority of the participants were aware of a vaccine against cervical cancer for girls at school (69.0%), and it was indicated that government should use health education to encourage women to attend cervical screening services (51.6%).

Conclusion:

Despite the free availability of cervical cancer screening services and awareness, the utilization of cervical cancer screening services is low. There is a need to intensify cervical screening health talks and campaigns, and to provide alternative accessible options for screening services for women in rural areas.
De persoon tussen wal en schip
Authors: Mooij A.W.M.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b226c3a7e6
Opsporing in verandering
Authors: Zuidam E. Van
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b29109d966
Omgaan met verdachten en getuigen in het strafproces; nemo tenetur en cautie
Authors: Veen Th.W. Van
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b2998f19ee
De loochenaars van Auschwitz; de ongewenstheid van strafbaarstelling
Authors: Janssens A.L.J.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b2c0fa0ccf
Persoonlijke blik op verleden en toekomst
Authors: Elzinga J.H.G.C.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b2cc04982d
Ontwikkelingen rond de TBS
Authors: Warnaar A.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b318f8b8df
Wars van dwang. Over de rol van de Raad voor de Kinderbescherming bij de bestrijding van jeugdcriminaliteit
Authors: Hoogenboom F.J.M.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b3d1f4a872
De vraag naar de toerekeningsvatbaarheid
Authors: Mooij A.W.M.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b3d517d765
Ambulante forensisch-psychiatrische behandelingen op de AFPN
Authors: Wubs H. , Wijnen G.H.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b3d7db247c
Reclasseringstoezicht anno 2004. Van hulp en steun naar louter controle?
Authors: Voert J.J.M. Ter
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b3d9b07bc0
De overtuigingsdader. Tussen overtuiging en psychopathologie
Authors: Glas G.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b3e7349a4c
De tenuitvoerlegging van de levenslange gevangenisstraf: een paradoxale taak. Een beschouwing vanuit de praktijk van het Nederlandse gevangeniswezen
Authors: Sande L. Van de
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b3f0ec6235
Moordouders. Kinderdoding in Nederland; een klinisch en forensisch psychologische studie naar de persoon van de kinderdoder
Authors: Verheugt A.J.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b48979f6e6
De raadsman en de TBS
Authors: Heidanus N.A.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b4a0aa513e
Het risico-denken in het strafrecht
Authors: Westerman P.C.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b4a74d03d2
Grenzen aan de autonomie van strafrechters: wie bewijst de stoornis en het recidiverisico?
Authors: Mackor A.R.
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b4aea5c83b
Voorwoord
Authors: Redactie Ontmoetingen
Published: November 2018

https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b4b14c1e05
Effects of a Mindfulness Meditation App on Subjective Well-Being: Active Randomized Controlled Trial and Experience Sampling Study
Authors: Walsh Kathleen Marie , Saab Bechara J , Farb Norman AS
Published: November 2018

Background

Mindfulness training (MT) includes a variety of contemplative practices aimed at promoting intentional awareness of experience, coupled with attitudes of nonjudgment and curiosity. Following the success of 8-week, manualized group interventions, MT has been implemented in a variety of modalities, including smartphone apps that seek to replicate the success of group interventions. However, although smartphone apps are scalable and accessible to a wider swath of population, their benefits remain largely untested.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate a newly developed MT app called Wildflowers, which was codeveloped with the laboratory for use in mindfulness research. It was hypothesized that 3 weeks of MT through this app would improve subjective well-being, attentional control, and interoceptive integration, albeit with weaker effects than those published in the 8 week, manualized group intervention literature.

Methods

Undergraduate students completed 3 weeks of MT with Wildflowers (n=45) or 3 weeks of cognitive training with a game called 2048 (n=41). State training effects were assessed through pre- and postsession ratings of current mood, stress level, and heart rate. Trait training effects were assessed through pre- and postintervention questionnaires canvassing subjective well-being and behavioral task measures of attentional control and interoceptive integration. State and trait training data were analyzed in a multilevel model using emergent latent factors (acceptance, awareness, and openness) to summarize the trait questionnaire battery.

Results

Analyses revealed both state and trait effects specific to MT; participants engaging in MT demonstrated improved mood (r=.14) and a reduction of stress (r=−.13) immediately after each training session compared with before the training session and decreased postsession stress over 3 weeks (r=−.08). In addition, MT relative to cognitive training resulted in greater improvements in attentional control (r=−.24). Interestingly, both groups demonstrated increased subjective ratings of awareness (r=.28) and acceptance (r=.23) from pre- to postintervention, with greater changes in acceptance for the MT group trending (r=.21).

Conclusions

MT, using a smartphone app, may provide immediate effects on mood and stress while also providing long-term benefits for attentional control. Although further investigation is warranted, there is evidence that with continued usage, MT via a smartphone app may provide long-term benefits in changing how one relates to their inner and outer experiences.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03783793; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03783793 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75EF2ehst)
Digital Media Recruitment for Fall Prevention Among Older Chinese-American Individuals: Observational, Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lam Nikki HT , Woo Benjamin KP
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Research in fall prevention programs has increased in recent years in response to the aging demographics of the United States. To date, limited research and outreach programs have focused on ethnic minorities due to increased cost, language barriers, and cultural differences. Digital media platforms may be a cost-effective avenue to initiate fall prevention programs for minority populations.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to determine whether Facebook advertisements are a practical recruitment method for health education to the Chinese-speaking population.

METHODS

This was an observational, cross-sectional study. We uploaded a video on fall education on YouTube and initiated an advertisement campaign on Facebook that was linked to the video. The target population was older adults aged >45 years who used Facebook and were presented with the advertisement (N=1039). We recorded metrics such as the number of unique individuals reached, the number of views of the advertisement, the number of clicks, user gender and age, and traffic sources to the advertisement. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Our Facebook advertisement had 1087 views (1039 unique viewers). There were 121 link clicks with a click-through rate of 11.13% (121/1087). The cost per link click was approximately US $0.06. Among the viewers, 91.41% (936/1024) were females and 8.59% (88/1024) were males. In the 45-54 age group, the ad reached 50 people, with 1 link click (2.00%). In the 55-64 age group, the ad reached 572 people, with 57 link clicks (9.97%). In the ≥65 age group, the ad reached 417 people, with 63 link clicks (15.11%).

CONCLUSIONS

Facebook was able to directly target the advertisement to the desired older ethnic population at a low cost. Engagement was highest among females and among those aged ≥65 years. Hence, our results suggest that Facebook can serve as an alternative platform for dissemination of health information to geriatric patients in addition to print-based and face-to-face communication.
Interoperable Electronic Health Records and Health Information Exchanges: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Dobrow Mark J , Bytautas Jessica P , Tharmalingam Sukirtha , Hagens Simon
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

As the availability of interoperable electronic health records (iEHRs) or health information exchanges (HIEs) continues to increase, there is greater need and opportunity to assess the current evidence base on what works and what does not regarding the adoption, use, and impact of iEHRs.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this project is to assess the international evidence base on the adoption, use, and impact of iEHRs.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review, searching multiple databases—MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)—with supplemental searches conducted in Google Scholar and grey literature sources (ie, Google, Grey Literature Report, and OpenGrey). All searches were conducted in January and February 2017. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were published in English, were published from 2006 to 2017, and were either an original research study or a literature review. In order to be included, articles needed to focus on iEHRs and HIEs across multiple health care settings, as well as on the impact and effectiveness of iEHR adoption and use.

RESULTS

We included 130 articles in the synthesis (113 primary studies, 86.9%; 17 reviews, 13.1%), with the majority focused on the United States (88/130, 67.7%). The primary studies focused on a wide range of health care settings; the three most prevalent settings studied included acute care (59/113, 52.2%), primary care (44/113, 38.9%), and emergency departments (34/113, 30.1%). We identified 29 distinct measurement items in the 113 primary studies that were linked to 522 specific measurement outcomes. Productivity and quality were the two evaluation dimensions that received the most attention, accounting for 14 of 29 (48%) measurement items and 306 of 522 (58.6%) measurement outcomes identified. Overall, the majority of the 522 measurement outcomes were positive (298/522, 57.1%). We also identified 17 reviews on iEHR use and impact, 6 (35%) that focused on barriers and facilitators to adoption and implementation and 11 (65%) that focused on benefits and impacts, with the more recent reviews finding little generalizable evidence of benefit and impact.

CONCLUSIONS

This review captures the status of an evolving and active field focused on the use and impact of iEHRs. While the overall findings suggest many positive impacts, the quality of the primary studies were not evaluated systematically. When broken down by specific measurement item, the results directed attention both to measurement outcomes that were consistently positive and others that were mostly negative or equivocal.