bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preferred Traits for One’s Future Offspring
Authors: Ashton Michael , Lee Kibeom
Published: December 2024

We examined preferences for the characteristics of one’s future offspring in a sample of 391 Canadian undergraduate students who provided self-reports, with a focus on several issues: (1) the relative preference for “success” traits (ambition, athleticism, attractiveness, charisma, intelligence) versus “humanity” traits (kindness, generosity, fairness, honesty), (2) the relative preferences among the various “success” traits themselves (separately for prospective sons and prospective daughters), and (3) the associations of respondent personality characteristics with the offspring trait preferences. Our findings showed that “humanity” traits were favored over “success” traits by the large majority of respondents but that the remaining respondents tended to be low in Honesty-Humility and to some extent in Agreeableness (versus Anger) and Emotionality. Respondents showed a weak preference for intelligence over the other success traits; preferences for those traits were similar for prospective sons and prospective daughters, but athleticism was slightly favored among sons and attractiveness was slightly favored among daughters.Keywords: offspring trait selection; intelligence; attractiveness; athleticism; personality
Immune System Dysregulation and Gut Microbiome Alterations in Schizophrenia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Rédoane Daoudi
Published: December 2024

Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with a multifactorial etiology, encompassing genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Recent research has increasingly pointed to the roles of the immune system and gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Immune dysfunction, characterized by systemic inflammation, altered cytokine profiles, and microglial activation, has been implicated in the development of neuroinflammation, a key feature of the disorder. Furthermore, disruptions in the gut microbiome, or dysbiosis, have been associated with increased inflammation, altered neurotransmitter metabolism, and impaired immune modulation, all of which may contribute to the onset and progression of schizophrenia. The gut-brain axis, whichfacilitates bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal system and the brain, is emerging as a critical pathway in the interplay between the immune system and microbiome. This review explores the growing evidence for the involvement of immune and microbiome dysregulation in schizophrenia, highlighting the mechanisms through which these systems interact and influence brain function. Understanding the complex relationship between immune and microbiome disturbances offers novel therapeutic avenues, including anti?inflammatory treatments and microbiome-based interventions, which may improve outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate these pathways and develop effective clinical strategies.
Forced internal displacement negatively impacts adolescents' cognitive ability and executive functioning: an observational study
Authors: valencia angelica
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Internal displacement is a traumatic experience that may disrupt neurocognitive functions essential for adolescents’ learning and well-being. Scarce data address these effects in internally displaced adolescents. This study examined the impact of internal displacement on cognitive ability and executive functioning by comparing displaced adolescents with non-displaced peers and exploring socioeconomic status as moderating factor.Materials and methods: A random sample of 130 displaced adolescents and 139 controls completed cognitive ability and executive functioning standardized assessments. Parents provided socioeconomic information on income, education, and occupation. Outcome variables included intelligence quotient (IQ), cognitive domain scores, an executive functioning (EF) score, and executive domain scores. General Linear and multivariate models were conducted to test our hypotheses.Results: According to Hypothesis 1, internally displaced adolescents scored lower on IQ and EF scores, particularly in working memory, compared to controls. The effect of forced displacement remained significant even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Contrary to Hypothesis 2, no moderating effects of socioeconomic variables on displacement were found for IQ or EF scores.Discussion: Internal displacement may negatively impact adolescents' cognitive and executive skills, particularly working memory. The cognitive ability results align with prior studies on displaced populations, like refugees, though the executive functioning findings do not. These mixed outcomes may be due to sample and design variations across studies. Internal displacement could represent a unique form of adversity that impacts cognitive and executive skills in distinct ways. Future studies should use larger samples to increase precision and examine how socioeconomic factors and cumulative adversities shape the effects of internal displacement on adolescents. The potential role of cognitive and executive skills in mitigating displacement impacts is also suggested.
Computational Measurement of Social Gaze During Naturalistic Conversations in Autism
Authors: Yankowitz Lisa , Pargi Mohan Kashyap , Dejardin Ellis , Zampella Casey J. , Guthrie Whitney , Pandey Juhi , Bartley G. Keith , Chen Darren , McDonald Denisa Q. , Manakiwala Aashvi , Khanna Maya , Keen Kelsey , Buboltz Gabriella , Yang Annie , Herrington John , Sariyanidi Evangelos , Schultz Robert T. , Tunc Birkan
Published: December 2024

Standardized, granular measurement of autistic behaviors, such as social gaze during interactions, is needed for a range of clinical applications including diagnosis and detecting clinical change. Computational approaches show promise in automatically measuring social behaviors within natural settings. This study aims to automatically measure social gaze features from videos of dyadic conversations, characterize autism-related differences, and perform individual-level diagnostic classification. 46 autistic Participants and 36 neurotypical Participants, aged 8-29 years, engaged in a brief video-recorded conversation with a research staff member (Partner). A deep learning AI model trained to detect whether each partner was looking at the other achieved 89% cross-validated accuracy. Comparing these automatic gaze measurements, autistic Participants spent less time looking at Partners and engaging in mutual gaze than neurotypical Participants did. They also initiated mutual gaze less frequently and had shorter mutual gaze episodes, but did not differ in mutual gaze counts. An AI-derived social gaze summary score correlated specifically with ADOS-2 Social Affect scores and not Restricted and Repetitive Behavior scores. Cross-validated machine learning using gaze features predicted diagnostic group with 73% accuracy. This study provides a framework for automatically quantifying social gaze behaviors, with potential for enhancing diagnostic precision and tracking therapeutic progress in autism.
SDGs for Gender Equality: Is there a Clash between the Western and Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Iffat Ara Nasreen Majid
Published: December 2024

Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) is the United Nations' goal to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. It has been set to ensure equality of rights of both genders. However, when we look at the targets in the goal, we find that they address the female gender exclusively. The United Nations is an institution led by Western ideologies, and the call for ensuring gender rights for all the member nations encompasses Islamic nations as well. The question therefore arises whether the targets are compatible with Islamic beliefs. If they do not comply then Islamic countries would not be motivated to realize them. In order to assess this aspect this paper looks at each of the targets in this goal and evaluates them from the perspective of the Quran, Sunnah and views of contemporary Islamic scholars. The analysis reveals a number of issues that are questionable from the Islamic perspective while there are areas where a change would be beneficial for Islamic communities if implemented with moderation.
Economic efficiency of intensification and use of regional livestock production potential
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia, Tikhomirov Alexey I. , Chinarov Vladimir I. ,   L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Moscow region, Russia
Published: December 2024

The article examines the main factors and conditions for the intensification of livestock production at the regional level of management of the agro-industrial complex. Based on an analysis of the development of the agricultural sector of the economy of the Republic of Mordovia, key trends in the modernization of the industry have been established and economic efficiency has been determined. The intensification of the industry occurred due to the creation of new production capacities, the introduction of advanced technologies and the use of highly productive genetic resources mainly by large agro-industrial formations. It is shown that the highest values of economic efficiency of livestock production have been achieved in pig farming, as one of the fastest growing sub-sectors of livestock farming, characterized by high capital turnover and feed conversion. Despite the increase in production costs for 2018-2022 by 30.6% to 8,180 rubles/c, profitability from the sale of pig meat in 2022 amounted to 31.9%. Based on the analysis, the main risks and threats to the sustainable development of livestock farming were identified to ensure expanded reproduction and achieve indicators of food and technological sovereignty.
The development of AIC of the Union State is one of the main factors for reliably ensuring its food security
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Moscow, Russia, Altukhov Anatoly I.
Published: December 2024

The article formulates the main goals of the participation of Russia and Belarus in international cooperation in the agricultural sphere of the economy within the framework of various kinds of interstate formations, which should be built taking into account the capabilities of their state, production, technical and technological, financial, economic, administrative, economic and foreign economic spheres of activity. For almost a quarter of a century, the Union State has been a unique integrated association in the post-Soviet space. Russia and Belarus are effectively developing relations in the main areas of formation a single political and legal field, customs and economic space, ensuring national military and food security, developing and implementing a unified agricultural policy, as well as collective food security. They made the optimal decision, on a parity basis, to consider ensuring food security as one of the priority tasks of the functioning and development of the Union State, forming and implementing a joint concept in this direction. The long-term specialization of agro-industrial production in Russia and Belarus largely complements each other and contributes to self-sufficiency on most types of agricultural and food products. Despite the significant unequal volumes of their production and trade, Russia and Belarus are not competitors in the product segments of the Union agri-food market. The volumes and intensity of mutual trade in agricultural and food products between them are steadily increasing. This is especially true for those types of products in which each country traditionally specializes.
Prospective directions of rural economy development in the system of state administration
Authors:   Ural Research Institute of Economic Security and Rural Development, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Makhankov Fedor V. , Tronina Marina V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia, Sbitnev Nikolay A. ,   Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the problems of sustainable development of non-urban (rural) territories. The authors point out the need for more active use of the accumulated scientific and production potential in the sphere of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the development of rural areas is also an activity for the development of hidden resources that have not previously been used in the economy. Arguments are given in favor of the fact that the time has come to use scientific potential in the development of a hidden territorial resource. By combining these special resources, a favorable situation arises for the dynamic development of territories. The agricultural sector is basic in the economy of rural areas, so its development is key. The use of accumulated scientific potential in the development of the agricultural industry will entail further development of rural areas and ensure the achievement of set goals.
Evaluation of the sale of meat livestock products by decile groups of subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors:   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Dondokova Elena B. , Mkhitaryan Vladimir S. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Vanchikova Elena N. ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Shobdoeva Nadezhda V. ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia, Bazhenova Valentina S. ,   Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of sales of livestock products by regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the breakdown of regions of the Russian Federation for the sale of livestock and poultry for slaughter in live weight, 10 decile groups were formed for farms of all categories, each of which included 8 regions. The choice of regions of the Russian Federation included in each decile group is justified. Based on the analysis of the value of sales volumes for individual categories of farms, it was concluded that agricultural organizations dominate in all decile groups with a stable increase in their share for 2021-2023. At the same time, in the first decile groups with the largest volumes, the share of sales reaches 90% and higher. A descending line of decline in the volume of sales of livestock products from the first to the tenth group in farms of all categories and in agricultural organizations has been identified. It was found that stable positive values of chain growth rates are present in the first three decile groups, while higher values of growth rates occur in the decile groups in the middle of the ranked series. It is noted that regions with the maximum and minimum sales volumes are located in geographic proximity to each other.
Weather and climate conditions and food prices in the 2nd quarter of 2024 in Russia and abroad
Authors:   VIAPI named after A.A. Nikonov is a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Areas – VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia, Sobolev Oleg S.
Published: December 2024

The article notes that in 39 regions of the Russian Federation in the 2nd quarter of this year, unfavorable weather and climatic conditions for agricultural production developed, which were accompanied by abundant spring flooding and floods. The May frosts had a negative impact on the harvest of fruit and berry crops. Producer prices for grain, milk and meat in the food markets of Russia, the EU and the USA are compared. The internal food inflation in the milk, meat, and sugar markets is analyzed. High retail prices for fresh tomatoes were noted on average in Russia and in the Moscow region.
Deficiência intelectual e EJA: concepções de professores de ciências sobre a inclusão escolar
Authors: Olmos Isabella Delamain Fernandez , Campos Juliane Aparecida de Paula Perez
Published: December 2024

A Educação de alunos com deficiência intelectual na modalidade da EJA é negligenciada e secundarizada. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar as concepções de professores de Ciências sobre a inclusão e o aluno com deficiência intelectual na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O trabalho possui caráter qualitativo descritivo e é classificado como colaborativo. A pesquisa contou com a participação de dois professores de Ciências e a coleta de dados se deu a partir de observações e de entrevistas realizadas a partir de roteiros semiestruturados. Os dados coletados foram transcritos e analisados a partir da análise de conteúdo com categorização temática. Os resultados demonstram grande lacuna na formação dos docentes para o trabalho com os alunos com deficiência intelectual que frequentam a EJA e a pouca ênfase dada à aspectos relacionados a importância do ensino de Ciências na efetivação dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos em questão.
Music in Reforming Activities of Les Kurbas (part three)
Authors: Yermakova Natalya
Published: December 2024

The article explores one of the main areas of Les Kurbas’s creative practice — Les Kurbas’s development of national theater based on the principles of avant-garde culture, which was one of the main areas of his creative practice. It is the third part of the article (first part: MIST: Art, history, modernity, theory: collection of scientific works. Kyiv, 2021. Issue 17. P. 36–67; second part: MIST: Art, history, modernity, theory: collection of scientific works. Kyiv, 2022. Issue 17. P. 24–41).
The article considers the work of young directors Favst Lopatynskyi, Vasyl Vasylko, Khanan Shmain, Borys Balaban, Volodymyr Sklyarenko together with composers Yulii Meitus, Bohdan Kryzhanivskyi on the comedies They Made Fools of Themselves, Chasing Two Hares, Riff-Raff. The author focuses on the productions of the first Ukrainian revues Hello on the Wave 477! and The Four Chamberlains. The article also considers the production of four revues by Ilarion Cholhan at the Yosyp Hirniak and Olimpia Dobrovolska Theater in Germany in 1944–1947.
Caminabilidad y proximidad como directrices para una correcta movilidad peatonal en los bordes urbanos
Authors: Martí Capitanachi Daniel Rolando , Figueroa Ortega Maritza
Published: December 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la caminabilidad y proximidad de un borde urbano mediante un análisis comparativo de estudios previos y la elaboración de indicadores específicos, con el fin de identificar barreras en la infraestructura urbana que limitan la movilidad peatonal y proponer mejoras específicas para fomentar la cohesión social. Para ello, se definieron variables para estudiar los bordes urbanos, visualizándolos no solo como lugares de transición, sino como espacios de interacción social. Se aplicó una escala de Likert para evaluar aspectos de seguridad, accesibilidad y funcionalidad del entorno urbano, utilizando como caso de estudio la avenida Lázaro Cárdenas – Carretera Federal 140 en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz. Se identificaron barreras significativas, como la falta de accesibilidad universal y el mal estado de las banquetas, lo que fomenta el uso del transporte motorizado. A partir de estas barreras, se propusieron mejoras en infraestructura como la adecuación de rampas y señalización, además de sugerir un mejor diseño urbano que promueva la movilidad peatonal y la cohesión social. Se concluye que la identificación sistemática de elementos clave para mejorar las condiciones de los bordes urbanos es fundamental para garantizar su funcionalidad y seguridad, particularmente en términos de caminabilidad y proximidad. Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio de caso pueden servir como referencia para abordar problemáticas similares en contextos urbanos diversos.
Global stabilization of a chain of two integrators by a feedback in the form of nested sigmoids
Authors: Morozov Yu. V. , Pesterev A. V.
Published: December 2024

The problem of stabilizing a chain of two integrators by a feedback in the form of nested sigmoids is considered. Such a feedback allows one to easily take into account boundedness of the control resource and ensure the fulfillment of desired characteristics of the transient process, such as a given exponential rate of the deviation decrease near the equilibrium state and the constraint on the maximum velocity. Global stability of the closed-loop system is proved by constructing its Lyapunov function.
The Fastest Damping of a Linear Inverted Pendulum Using a Dynamic Absorber
Authors: Ananievski I. M. , Dunaev I. A.
Published: December 2024

We consider a linear controllable third-order mechanical system whose matrix has one positive eigenvalue. The system can serve as a mathematical model of a linearized inverse pendulum controlled by an active dynamic damper. A modulus constraint is imposed on the value of the control variable. Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, the problem of synthesizing an optimal control that brings the system to a state of rest in a minimum time is solved.
A non-classical optimal control problem with operator hysteresis nonlinearities
Authors: Borzunov S. V. , Meleshenko P. A. , Nesterov V. A. , Semenov M. E. , Solovyov A. M.
Published: December 2024

This article considers a non-classical optimal control problem, in which the dynamics of an object is described by a system of differential operator equations with a hysteresis converter on the right side. The hysteresis dependence is formalized using an analogue of the Preisach converter with inverted threshold numbers, which reflects the nonlinear and multivalued dependence of consumer demand on the price of goods. This allows to take into account the “history” of consumer relations over a finite time interval. The problem of optimal production, storage and sales of products on a mono-commodity market under conditions of a hysteresis demand function has been set and solved. The conditions of solvability of the problem under the conditions of applicability of the maximum principle of L. S. Pontryagin are given. The conditions under which the solution is unique are given. The article also presents the results of computational experiments in which optimal control actions for the model case are identified.
On the movement of two interacting bodies in a medium with quadratic resistance
Authors: Mosenkov T. A. , Figurina T. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The motion of two interacting bodies along a straight line in a medium with quadratic resistance is considered. The force of interaction between bodies is a control action, on which no restrictions are imposed. The problem of moving each of the bodies of the system over a given distance is solved, provided that the bodies are at rest at the beginning and at the end of the movement. In the constructed motion, moments of time at which the interaction force instantly changes the velocities of the bodies alternate with time intervals at which the interaction force is zero.
Optimal motions of an elastic rod controlled by a piezoelectric actuator
Authors: Kostin G. V.
Published: December 2024

The longitudinal vibrations of an elastic rod controlled by normal forces in the cross section, which are uniformly distributed along the length over a selected interval, are studied. Such a system can be implemented using an actuator consisting of piezoelectric elements located along the axis of the rod. Criteria for the uncontrollability of individual vibration modes are given. A generalized solution to the initial-boundary value problem is found applying d’Alembert traveling waves, which are determined on the space-time mesh formed by characteristics. Linear combinations of the traveling wave and control functions define the sought displacements and dynamic potential in the energy space. The latter in a certain way relates the momentum density and the force in the cross section. The problem is to transfer the rod to a prescribed state in a fixed time while minimizing the norm of the control force. The optimal motion and the corresponding feedforward control law are found by reducing the original problem to a one-dimensional variational one. The example shows the control of vibrations for certain geometric parameters of the piezoelectric actuator.
Automation of testing of systematic errors in visual perception
Authors: Kostoev A. T. , Tsurkov V. I.
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the problems associated with the study of the occurrence of systematic errors in visual perception, manifested in the form of illusions. The level of existing technology demonstrates a lack of technical means and methods aimed at studying visual perception in conditions of the occurrence of visual illusions. In this regard, the authors proposed a testing methodology and an automated system that allows us to systematize the process of studying visual illusions. Based on the proposed model, a study of the visual illusion of intersection was carried out (Poggendorff illusion), which occurs when the visual perception of a diagonal line partially passing behind an opaque object. The dependence of systematic errors that arise when determining the location of the output segment, relative to the input, on the geometric parameters and configurations of figures causing the illusion was studied.
Metric estimates of nodal multiflows in a multiuser network system
Authors: Malashenko Yu. E. , Nazarova I. A.
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of computational experiments, burst and limiting modes of multiuser network control are analysed when flows are transmitted along the shortest routes. A method of approximating the set of admissible inter-node flows and a procedure for obtaining multi-parametric estimates of the system performance are proposed. In the limiting mode, all edges of the network are fully loaded and the maximum possible total inter-node flow is achieved. In the burst mode, the distribution of flows from each node is carried out without taking into account the other correspondents. The found values allow us to determine the allowable loads and specific costs of flow transmission. On the basis of the calculated outgoing node multiflows, an approximation of the set of allowable inter-node flows is constructed. Different ways of graphical representation of experimental results and display of metric estimates are given. Networks with different structural features and the same total capacity are investigated.
Methods, tools and information technologies for improving GLONASS characteristics
Authors: Krasilshchikov M. N. , Kruzhkov D. M. , Martynov E. A.
Published: December 2024

GLONASS characteristics improving task in the context of modern competitive development of global satellite navigation systems is considered. The authors consider research and development related, firstly, to improving the signal-in-space ratio indicator in an operational mode by creating new technological cycles on board the spacecraft and involving on-board hardware in these processes, and, secondly, with the formation of a reserve to orbital groupings functionality subsequent implementation without downloading ephemeris-temporal information and time-frequency corrections from the ground control complex. The article considers the main factors hindering the implementation of the currently set goals, and also suggests ways to eliminate or level the influence of these factors by developing and implementing special information technologies using modern and promising on-board hardware placed on board the GLONASS spacecraft and its potential additions.
Operational control of an unmanned aerial vehicle helicopter type to ensure emergency safe landing on an unequipped pad
Authors: Evdokimenkov V. N. , Ermakov P. G. , Gogolev A. A.
Published: December 2024

The problem of providing an emergency landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) helicopter type flying in a certain area of the target application is considered. The two-stage algorithm for finding an unprepared landing pad taking into account a set of requirements is proposed. At the first stage, using a digital elevation map placed on an UAV helicopter type board a route for overflying unprepared landing pads in terms of surface topography is calculated. A route formation is achieved by sequentially solving static optimization problems in order to minimize the average losses that occur when an UAV helicopter type flying from one an unprepared landing pad to another. At the second stage, which is implemented directly during an UAV’s helicopter type movement along the calculated route, the final choose of an unprepared landing pad is made based on the processing of ground penetrating radar data. A neural network classifier based on a two-layer perceptron is used to assess the suitability of an unprepared landing pad to the soil density requirement. An example that illustrates the operation of the proposed algorithm both under the conditions of a computational experiment and during a series of flight experiments is considered.
Sources of melts and genesis conditions of the Khokhol-Repyevka batholith granitoids in the Volga-Don orogen, Eastern European craton
Authors: Petrakova M. E. , Kuznetsov A. B. , Baltybaev Sh. K. , Savatenkov V. M. , Terentiev R. A. , Savko K. A.
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the possible conditions and involvement of sources in genesis of the Khokhol-Repyevka batholith granitoids, that build up the Don terrane in the Volga-Don orogen of the East European Craton. In the batholith, three types of granitoids are distinguished – pavlovsk (quartz monzodiorite–granites, mainly pyroxene-free), potudan (quartz monzogabbro–granodiorites containing pyroxene) and hybrid (quartz monzodiorites, monzonites, quartz monzonites). These three types of rocks are spaсely co-located and have a similar age of formation 2050–2080 Ma, similar geochemical characteristics (high contents of Ba, Sr, highly fractionated REE patterns (GdN/YbN= 2–11)), however, they differ in petrographic and isotopic geochemical parameters. Primary isotope characteristics of sources for rocks of the pavlovsk type εNd(t) = +0.2…–3.7, Sri= 0.70335, for potudan εNd(t) = – 1.7 ... –3.8, Sri= 0.70381–0.70910, for hybrid εNd(t) = – 8.8, Sri= 0.70596. Apart from granitoids, two types of leucogranite dikes were found in the batholith. The first type is characterized by εNd(t) = –3.8 and fractionated HREE patterns (GdN/YbN= 2.1–3.8) and could have formed as a result of deep differentiation of pavlovsk-type magma. The second type is with εNd(t) = –7.8 and less fractionated HREE patterns (GdN/YbN = 1.1–1.6), which presumably appeared as a result of melting of a crustal source at shallow depths. Rb-Sr isotope-geochemical characteristics of rocks of the pavlovsk and potudan types indicate their formation from different sources. In total, at least three sources took part in the formation of the Khokhol-Repyevka batholith: 1) lower (or buried oceanic) crust, predominantly of mafic composition and/or enriched mantle, metasomatized in the Proterozoic, the participation of which is reflected in the composition of the Pavlovsk granitoids; 2) an enriched mantle source, probably represented by subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), possibly metasomatized during the previous stage of geological development of the region, specific for Potudan-type monzonitoids; 3) Archean crust, consisting mainly of TTG gneisses and metasediments, which underwent melting and participated in the formation of part of the leucogranite dikes and hybrid rocks. The results of thermodynamic modeling indicate that the mixing of two melts contrasting in composition – mafic (potudan-type) and intermediate-felsic (pavlovsk-type) can lead to the formation of only part of the composition of hybrid rocks. The formation of the rest was influenced by the contamination of mafic melt by anatectic melts from the Archean crust of the Kursk block.
The Problem of Reconstructing the Profile of the Sea Surface from the Video Image of Laser Beams
Authors: Sterlyadkin V. V.
Published: December 2024

Currently, there are no remote methods for recording the instantaneous two-dimensional profile of the sea surface Z(x, y, t) in field conditions. There are no methods for recording capillary wave profiles directly on the sea surface. The short-wave component of sea waves plays a very important role in radiometry in the formation of the surface's own radiation and in solving inverse radar problems. This article proposes an optical measurement technique that makes it possible to measure the parameters of the entire wave spectrum, including capillary waves with amplitude of less than 0.1 mm. However, the author has not yet been able to fully solve the inverse problem of reconstructing the two-dimensional wave profile. The author considered it expedient to formulate this problem and involve the scientific community in its successful solution. Obtaining the profile of sea waves Z(x, y, t) in natural conditions with a high update rate will allow obtaining complete information about the characteristics of waves, temporal and spatial spectra of elevations, spectra of slopes, and studying the evolution of waves when the wind changes. Of particular value is the possibility of recording and studying the short-wave components of waves, including capillary waves.
First Findings of Invasive Snow Crab, Chionoecetes opilio (o. Fabricius, 1788) (Decapoda, Oregoniidae) in the Eastern Part of the Kara Sea
Authors: Zalota A. K. , Udalov A. A. , Chikina M. V. , Kondar D. V. , Lyubimov I. V. , Lipukhin E. V. , Anisimov I. M. , Lesin A. V. , Muravya V. O. , Mishin A. V.
Published: December 2024

During the 89th cruise of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in September-October 2022, a study of the bottom communities of the Kara Sea was carried out using the bottom trawl Sigsby and the ROV Videomodul, as well as plankton sampling usin Bongo net in order to register crab larvae in the water column. In the eastern part of the Kara Sea, in the section from the Voronin Trough towards the coast of Taimyr, starting from a depth of 490 m, single large individuals of the snow crab were found for the first time. At the same time, not a single crab larvae was caught, which indicates the penetration of the adult stages of the snow crab into these areas along the bottom. On the contrary, in the western part of the sea and in the Bay of Prosperity, high numbers of all size groups of snow crab at the bottom, as well as crab larvae in the water column were observed. Differences in the speed and nature of the introduction of the snow crab are explained by the contrast of the ice conditions in the western and eastern regions of the Kara Sea. Possibly, further development of the snow crab population in the east of the Kara Sea should be expected in connection with the tendencies for an increase in the duration of the ice-free period in the Arctic.
Whistles in Vocal Repertoires of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821) and Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Agafonov A. V. , Melnikova P. K. , Panova E. M. , Logominova I. V. , Litvin V. A.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of underwater sounds of two sympatric dolphin species living in the Black Sea, the Bottlenose dolphin and the Common dolphin. During processing and analysis of sounds were used a special program nanoCAD22. Both the similarity of the physical parameters of the sounds of two species and a number of specific features of whistles characteristic of each of them were shown. The phenomenon of production by Common dolphins some types of whistles that have significant similarities (sometimes almost identical) to the signature-whistles of Bottlenose dolphins was detected and analyzed.
The Morphometry of Ice Scours in the South-Western Part of the Kara Sea
Authors: Maznev S. V. , Kokin O. V. , Arkhipov V. V. , Moroz E. A. , Denisova A. P. , Ananiev R. A. , Nikiforov S. L. , Sorokhtin N. O. , Godetskiy S. V.
Published: December 2024

The ice-gouging topography of the southwestern part of the Kara Sea bed is a result of the impact of icebergs and sea ice. During 52 cruise of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov using a multibeam echo sounder we collected a representative data of key parameters of ice scours (location, orientation, depth, width) for the first time, which allows us to draw conclusions on a regional scale. We revealed regularities in the distribution of the ice scours both in space and in depth and their density in different parts of the seabed. It was revealed that the maximum dimensions of the ice scours decrease with the distance from the sources of iceberg calving from NW to SE. The orientation of the ice scours correlates with the main drift directions of the icebergs. Most of the ice scours are located at depths up to 220 m and could have formed both at modern and at lower sea level (in post-glacial time). We identified a high degree of the seabed transformation by ice-gouging processes in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea.
Ecosystems of Siberian Arctic Seas – 2023: (92d Cruise of research Vessel “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the Kara Sea)
Authors: Flint M. V. , Poyarkov S. G. , Rimsky-Korsakov N. A. , Knivel N. J. , Miroshnikov A. Yu.
Published: December 2024

92d cruise of R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” was organized by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in a frame of long-term Program “Marine Ecosystems of Siberian Arctic” and was held from 5 October to 7 November 2023. 76 scientists from the institutes of Russian Academy of Sciences, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, VNIRO and MES of Russia participated in the cruise. Coordinated hydrophysical, hydrochemical, biooceanological, geochemical research were carried out in the eastern part of the Kara Sea in the period of seasonal ice formation, as well as in the Ob river estuary and fjords of Novaya Zemlya archipelago. Conditions of largest disposals of radioactive waste in the Kara Sea were evaluated.
Biosocial effects of oxytocin in vertebrates: From hormonal reproductive functions to parochial altruism
Authors: Khrushchova A. M. , Vasilieva N. Yu. , Rogovin K. A.
Published: December 2024

Oxytocin is an ancient neuropeptide with a wide range of functions. Over hundreds of millions years of evolution, the functional role of oxytocin and its homologues expanded from initially providing effective reproduction to consolidating partner relationships in monogamous species, family groups of cooperatively breeding species and diverse complex relationships within social groups characterized by parochial altruism traits. In different classes of vertebrates, the expansion of the scope of oxytocin actions could evolve independently, and today the most complete spectrum of functional effects of oxytocin is studied in mammals. The review gives a brief analysis of the functional role of oxytocin and its homologues in vertebrates based on modern research with an emphasis on its effects on social behavior.
Localization of a sound signal in the vertical plane under masking conditions
Authors: Agaeva M. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The effect of masker on the localization of a sound source in vertical sagittal plane was investigated in simultaneous masking conditions and in the precedence effect paradigm. In the first case, the stationary signal and the masker were presented simultaneously while in the second case the signal onset was delayed relative to the masker onset. The delay was 2, 4, 8, 20, 40, 80 and 200 ms. The signal and the masker were created from two different uncorrelated noise bursts with a bandwidth of 5 to 18 kHz. Duration of noise bursts were 1 s. The masker was placed above the listeners head at an angle of 90 deg and the signal was placed in front of the listener at an angle of 7.5 deg. Perceived positions of signals under masking conditions were compared with those single of the signal or masker presented separately. It is shown that under the masking conditions the probability of detecting a signal decreased. Listeners could localize the signal at the delay of 80 ms and higher. The probability of detecting the signal at 80 ms delay was 92%. The perceived position of signal in masking condition did not significantly differ from the perceived position of single signal. At delays ranging from 0 to 40 ms, listeners mainly showed a perceived masker position that was shifted toward the signal. The shifted position was significantly different from the perceived position of a single masker.
Bivariance in the size structure of sable and pine marten populations: gene flow or introgression?
Authors: Monakhov V. G.
Published: December 2024

Abstract – A comparative analysis of the size structure of 24 population groups of sable and pine marten is performed using two museum pools of craniometric data: the first is based on a set of 17 standard features, and the second is based on a new feature Δ (“delta”), proposed by us to determine the two species by the skull. Each pool contains more than 3 thousand specimens. Three groups of features have been identified: four features by which the sable is always larger than the marten; five features by which the marten surpasses the sable at any point of the range; the main group is represented by 7 features with special variation: in transgression areas their values are higher for sable, and in “pure” areas, on the contrary, for pine marten. In hybridization areas, the size parameters of sable increase, and, on the contrary, for marten decrease, leading to their partial convergence. Each species demonstrates two variants of the size structure: one is realized in allopatric groups (the sable has smaller sizes), the second is observed in sympatry areas (the sable, on the contrary, is larger), but the convergence of the parameters is not absolute – statistically significant differences in size between the species are preserved. The described phenomenon of bivariant size structure is most likely the result of limited introgression in the sympatry zone. For the Δ trait, a high level of intersexual differences was revealed, exceeding the usual values by 3–4 times: 28% in the marten and 30.5% in the sable. In this dimension, the marten exceeds the sable by 33–36%.
What is the Efficacy of the Newly Developed HPV Vaccine, Cecolin, in Providing Protection Against HPV-Induced Cervical Cancers in Females Aged 9-14 Years Old
Authors: Williams Yolanda
Published: December 2024

In low to middle income countries, there's a rise in invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Affordability emerges as a crucial factor influencing this trend. This research is based on the development of a new HPV vaccine made in China called Ceolin priced at $47 and its efficacy to be incorporated into the WHO vaccination program. A peer review was conducted based on an ongoing randomized phase 3 clinical trial of a 2 dose regimen bivalent Cecolin vaccine (types 16,18) . The study includes 1025 females aged 9-14 years old split amongst 5 groups. The control group received Gardasil at the following intervals: 0 and 6 months. Experimental groups received Cecolin at the following intervals: 6-, 12-, 24-month or one dose of Gardasil followed by one dose of Cecolin at month 24. Outcome measures assessed Anti-HPV16 and 18 antibodies. Data for the 6 month dosing group showed that 96% of participants had antibody positive development for both HPV strains following Cecolin administration and produced a comparable immune response to Gardasil. IgG levels for HPV 16 of Cecolin and Gardasil were 1,567 and 1,444 IU/mL, respectively, and 424 and 336 IU/mL, respectively, for HPV-18. The potential incorporation of Cecolin into the WHO vaccination program can expand vaccine options, leading to improvements in accessibility when offering cost effective options to consumers as well as decreasing the incidence of cervical cancer in underdeveloped countries. HPV vaccinations align with osteopathic medicine principles of preventative care, preventing health disparities and patient education.
Utilizing Microwave Ablation in Combination with Vertebroplasty Is an Effective Method in Reducing Cancer Related Back Pain, Disability, and Opioid Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elias Jonathan , Vidal Lothar , Jermyn Richard
Published: December 2024

Background: It is estimated that metastases from primary malignant neoplasms affect the spine around 30%-70% of the time. Many times, these osteolytic tumors will cause the degradation of the vertebrae, leaving patients in a tremendous amount of pain, disability, and dependence on opioids as analgesics. Microwave ablation (MWA) followed by vertebroplasties (VP) has been a developing treatment for such a condition; however, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses examining the method’s effectiveness thus far.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzes the 4-week and 12-week outcomes of patients with metastatic spinal cancer treated with the combinatorial treatment of microwave ablation followed by a vertebroplasty.

Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Five online databases (Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web Of Science, Scopus) were screened. Included were studies that included 4-week and 12-week Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) measures, and Daily Morphine Consumption (DMC). Four studies fit our inclusion criteria, yielding a sample size of 117 patients.

Results: Our results portray strong clinically significant results of utilizing MWA with VP at both 4-weeks and 12-weeks. At 4-weeks, the effect size for the reduction of VAS, ODI, and DMC were Cohen’s d = 4.00, Cohen’s d = 3.29, Cohen’s d = 4.50, respectively. At 12-weeks, the reduction in VAS and DMC had an effect size of Cohen’s d = 4.34 and Cohen’s d = 4.56, respectively. Comparing the 4-week and 12-week VAS scores, there was a difference in Cohen’s d = 0.34, in favor of 12-weeks, signifying a possible clinical significance of even further reduction of VAS scores as time progresses.

Conclusion: Utilizing microwave ablation in combination with a vertebroplasty greatly reduced pain, disability, and opioid consumption in patients with metastatic spinal cancer over a 4-week and 12-week timeline. However, with only 117 patient data available to be analyzed, future studies are needed in order to increase the available sample size. Furthermore, comparative randomized controlled trials assessing the significance of utilizing MWA with VP, compared to VP alone could further exemplify the importance of MWA to the treatment.
What Is the Impact of Marijuana Usage on Sexual Dysfunction Among Individual and How Do Factors Such As Frequency of Use, Dosage, and Duration of Marijuana Consumption Influence Sexual Function
Authors: Harris Zachary A. , Levi Russell , Ahmed Saad
Published: December 2024

Sexual health is an integral piece of human vitality, encompassing a multitude of psychological & physiological factors. There has been an unprecedented amount of interest surrounding cannabis and its impact on sexual function in the past decade. The interplay between the acceptance of cannabis and its widespread use presents the need for research into the correlation between cannabis and sexual health outcomes. The primary components of cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have attracted scrutiny for their potential effects on sexual function. Anecdotal accounts suggest heightened sexual desire and pleasure, however there are conflicting reports raising concerns regarding performance issues and libido. The endocannabinoid system is a pivotal regulator of key physiological processes including sexual function and remains a key focus of inquiry. Understanding the intricate interactions between cannabinoids and this system remains key for unearthing the mechanisms of observed effects. Variables such as frequency of use, dosage, and duration of consumption present significant factors to be expanded upon regarding the relationship between cannabis use and sexual dysfunction. This review aims to unite contemporary research findings and offer novel insights into the nuanced interplay between cannabis consumption and sexual health.