bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nachbrüche im Nahbereich von Störungen – Geotechnische Ursachen und Identifikation
Authors: Gschwandtner Gunter Gernot , Lenz Gerold , Wagner Oliver Kai
Published: December 2019

The Semmering Base Tunnel with a total length of 27.3 km is being excavated from the Gloggnitz portal as well as from three intermediate faces at Göstritz, Fröschnitzgraben and Grautschenhof. The geological conditions of the project are characterized by tectonically extremely complex rock formations with difficult geotechnical conditions. The excavation passes through numerous fault zones with deep overburden. During the excavation works, some large‐volume collapses occurred. In this article, the collapse events are reconstructed from the available geological and geotechnical information. The reconstruction of the observed system behaviour is based on analytical and numerical calculations. The aim is to identify the respective failure mechanisms.
Networks for studies on reproductive and perinatal health: Searching for a consensus
Authors: Zotareli Vilma , Souza Renato T. , Cecatti José G.
Published: December 2019

Objective

To address the essential characteristics of a network and aspects related to network sustainability.

Method

A descriptive study based on a two‐round Delphi survey was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Researchers participating in maternal and perinatal health networks were identified by searching PubMed for network‐based publications and invited to complete a two‐round Delphi questionnaire by email.

Results

Among 529 eligible researchers identified, 54 (10.2%) and 46 (8.7%) responses were received in the first and second rounds, respectively. A consensus on 13 of 21 [OK] questions, and 5 of 10 questions was achieved in the first and second rounds, respectively. The results indicated that a responsible leader is required, and both coordinators and members have a role in decision‐making within the network. Good communication and periodic face‐to‐face meetings are key factors in sustainability and motivation. Rules for secure access to the network database and definition of authorship of scientific papers are essential. Mentioning the name of the network in publications is important for strengthening its activities and the obtainment of funds.

Conclusion

Although operational characteristics of the network may differ according to setting and collaborators, homogeneous and essential network characteristics were identified.
EFFECT OF A ROOT‐ZONE INJECTION IRRIGATION METHOD ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY AND APPLE PRODUCTION IN A SEMI‐ARID REGION IN NORTH‐WESTERN CHINA
Authors: Wang Yan‐Ping , Zhang Lin‐Sen , Mu Yan , Liu Wei‐Hong , Guo Fu‐Xing , Chang Tian‐Ran
Published: December 2019

Within the Chinese Loess Plateau, water resources are scarce and irrigation efficiency is a challenging issue. Traditional surface drip irrigation (SDI) methods have failed to improve irrigation efficiency and reduce surface evaporation in the region. An easy‐to‐install and practicable root‐zone injection irrigation (RII) method, with a low risk of emitter clogging and which uses subsurface infiltration‐promoting apparatuses (SIPA) to deliver water directly to the root zone, was designed and tested in an apple orchard over 3 years in northern Shaanxi, China. In the 0–0.6 m soil layer (where the apple roots are concentrated), the RII method produced consistently higher soil water content than the SDI method over all three growing seasons. The soil water content was consistently higher than 60% of field capacity, thus meeting the water requirements of fruit‐bearing apple trees. In addition, the RII method alleviated soil desiccation, significantly increased apple yields and improved fruit quality compared with the SDI method using the same volume of irrigation water. Both irrigation efficiency and water‐use efficiency were improved with the RII method. These results provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of the RII irrigation method in apple orchards in semi‐arid regions, which may improve water conservation and the sustainability of apple production. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multifunctional long‐term release system for treatment of hypothyroidism
Authors: Kutlu Kaya Ceren , Gümrükçü Selin , Saraç Abdulkadir Sezai , Kök Fatma Neşe
Published: December 2019

Hypothyroidism is an autoimmune disease associated with underactive thyroid gland. In this study, a dual effect polymeric system was designed to release Cepharanthine (CEP) to block T cell activation and Selenium (Se) to decrease the anti‐thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) concentration in order to treat hypothyroidism. For this purpose, poly(ethylene‐vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) including CEP were synthesized by emulsion solvent evaporation method and they were loaded to polyurethane (PU)/PEG‐PUSe‐PEG block copolymer blends which were fabricated by particulate leaching technique as porous sponges. Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis showed successful synthesis of PEG‐PUSe‐PEG block copolymer. A long‐term zero‐order release profile was obtained for CEP. Se release rate from matrices showed an oxidative stress‐mediated release which can be used to adjust Se amount. According to MTS results conducted by NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, both NPs and matrices have no adverse effect on cell viability. Fluorescence microscopy and SEM images confirm the MTS results. The dual release system has potential to be effectively used in long‐term treatment of hypothyroidism by addressing both auto‐immune response and hormone regulation.
Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques
Authors: Bahadur Saraj , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Gul Saba , Ayaz Asma , Ashfaq Shomaila , Rubab Saima , Shuaib Muhammad , Ahmad Shakil
Published: December 2019

Recent field exploration and collections has led to the findings of several new species in Pakistan. Here we reported two new species Ajuga reptance L and Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Prusk for the first time in Pakistan flora as these species were neither listed in any other literature nor identified before in Pakistan. These species were found as a result of taxonomic studies performed in the year 2019 in District Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Microscopic techniques were used for the confirmation of foliar epidermal and pollen micromorphological features. Detailed study (morphological, palynological, and foliar epidermal) was provided for the correct identification and delimitation of the species using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Morphological results were compared with the flora of Taiwan and China.
Genetic counselor and proxy patient perceptions of genetic counselor responses to prenatal patient self‐disclosure requests: Skillfulness is in the eye of the beholder
Authors: Greve Veronica , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. , MacFarlane Ian M. , Redlinger‐Grosse Krista
Published: December 2019

Research demonstrates some genetic counselors self‐disclose while others do not when patients’ request self‐disclosure. Limited psychotherapy research suggestsskillfulnessmatters more thantypeof counselor response. This survey research assessed perceived skillfulness of genetic counselor self‐disclosures and non‐disclosures. Genetic counselors (n = 147) and proxy patients, women from the public (n = 201), read a hypothetical prenatal genetic counseling scenario and different counselor responses to the patient's question,What would you do if you were me?Participants were randomized either to a self‐disclosure study (Study 1) or non‐disclosure study (Study 2) and, respectively, rated the skillfulness of five personal disclosures and five professional disclosures or five decline to disclose and five redirecting non‐disclosures. Counselor responses in both studies varied by intention (corrective, guiding, interpretive, literal, or reassuring). Participants also described what they thought made a response skillful. A three‐way mixed ANOVA in both studies analyzed skillfulness ratings as a function of sample (proxy patient, genetic counselor), response type (personal, professional self‐disclosure, or redirecting, declining non‐disclosure), and response intention. Both studies found a significant three‐way interaction and strong main effect for response intention. Responses rated highest in skillfulness by both genetic counselors and proxy patients in Study 1 were a guiding personal self‐disclosure and a personal reassuring self‐disclosure. The response rated highest in skillfulness by both samples in Study 2 was a redirecting non‐disclosure with a reassuring intention. Proxy patients in both studies rated all literal responses as more skillful than genetic counselors. Participants’ commonly described a skillful response as offering guidance and/or reassurance. Counselor intentions and response type appear to influence perceptions, and counselors and patients may not always agree in their perceptions. Consistent with models of practice (e.g., Reciprocal‐Engagement Model), genetic counselors generally should aim to convey support and guidance in their responses to prenatal patient self‐disclosure requests.
Synergistic Cytotoxicity Of Shikonin‐Silver Nanoparticles As An Opportunity For Lung Cancer
Authors: Fayez Hend , El‐Motaleb Mohamed Abd , Selim Adli Abdullah
Published: December 2019

The combined action of shikonin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for apoptosis in human cancer cells has not been elucidated. Hence, we investigated the synergistic combinatorial effect of shikonin and AgNPs in human lung cancer cells. Shikonin was used as a reducing and capping agent for AgNPs synthesis as a green method avoiding the hazards of chemical methods. Radiolabeling of shikonin‐AgNPs with radioactive iodine forming [131I]I‐Shikonin‐AgNPs was carried out to enable the intracellular tracking of NPs. The antitumor effect of a combined treatment (shikonin‐AgNPs) was evaluated using tissue culture assay. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of SHK‐AgNPs on A549 cells after 24 hours determined by an MTT assay is 2.4 ± 0.11 μg/mL. As a deduction, this study revealed that the combination of shikonin and AgNPs treatment significantly inhibited cell viability and proliferation of A549 cells (human lung carcinoma cell line) with a great potential than the monotherapy.
Analysis of the chemical components of Qixianqingming granules and their metabolites in rats by UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Zhang Bei , Li Mo Ying , Luo Xu Ming , Wang Xiong Biao , Wu Tong
Published: December 2019

Qixianqingming granules (QXQM) comprise a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that was developed based on the combination of TCM theory and clinical practice. This formula has been proven to effectively treat asthma. In this study, an analytical procedure using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, was established for the rapid separation and sensitive identification of the chemical components in QXQM and its metabolites in serum of rats. Seventy‐two compounds were systematically identified in QXQM, including flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, phenylethanoid glycosides, stilbenes, alkaloids, and organic acids. Thirteen prototype compounds and 29 metabolites were detected in the serum of rats. The results provided fundamental information for further studying the mechanisms and clinical application of QXQM.
Accelerated characteristic basis functions generation of large block with Sherman‐Morrison‐Woodbury algorithm and characteristic basis function method
Authors: Fang Xiaoxing , Cao Qunsheng
Published: December 2019

A better compression rate of the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) can be obtained by increasing the block size to generate the characteristic basis functions (CBFs). However, it has been heavy to generate the CBFs for electrically large‐size blocks in the case of multiple excitations with traditional CBFM. In this paper, a novel computing scheme, accelerated generation method that combined the traditional CBFM with the Sherman‐Morrison‐Woodbury algorithm (SMWA) is proposed to generate CBFs and calculate the reduced impedance matrix. Furthermore, a recursive process of the computing scheme is introduced to accelerate the performance. Finally, the computational results are validated and performed that the proposal method is more effective than the conventional methods.
Regional specificity of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on spatial‐numerical associations: Comparison of four stimulation sites
Authors: Schroeder Philipp A. , Artemenko Christina , Cipora Krzysztof , Svaldi Jennifer
Published: December 2019

Based on a theory of impulsive and reflective human behavior, we test the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting either prefrontal or parietal cortex in either hemisphere. In a confirmatory registered report, cathodal tDCS is administered to conceptually reproduce tDCS modulations of implicit spatial‐numerical associations, numerical distance effects, and response inhibition. Those cognitive operations are hypothesized to draw on left prefrontal, parietal, and right prefrontal activations, respectively, thereby susceptible to inhibitory, cathodal tDCS across those regions. Vice versa, the mutual regional and behavioral specificity of tDCS effects on these behavioral indices is examined and expected to produce double dissociations. In a mixed within‐subjects (baseline, during tDCS, post‐tDCS) and between‐subjects (target electrode: left/right prefrontal cortex/posterior parietal cortex, or sham tDCS) design, we collect (a) confirmatory data on the robustness of cathodal tDCS effects on three behavioral effects and (b) differential data on the specificity of regional targets in male and female human participants. Results will provide crucial tests of theories of cortical organization implied by implicit associations and explicit regulation, which can direct future brain stimulation studies.
Factors related to re‐excision procedures following primary breast‐conserving surgery for women with breast cancer in the U.S. Military Health System
Authors: Eaglehouse Yvonne L. , Georg Matthew W. , Jatoi Ismail , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives

Re‐excision surgery is undertaken to obtain clear margins after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) for localized breast cancer. This study examines patient and tumor characteristics related to re‐excision surgery in the universal‐access Military Health System (MHS).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients with pathologically confirmed stage I‐III breast cancer between 1998 and 2014 in the Department of Defense Central Cancer Registry and MHS Data Repository–linked databases who received primary BCS. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression methods identified characteristics associated with re‐excision surgery (lumpectomy and mastectomy) and conversion to mastectomy, given as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Of 7637 women receiving BCS, 26.3% had a re‐excision and 9.9% converted to mastectomy. Tumor location, larger tumor size (≥4 cm), and regional lymph node involvement were associated with a greater likelihood of re‐excision and mastectomy conversion. Pathology before BCS (AOR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35, 0.44 for re‐excision) and neoadjuvant treatment (AOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36, 0.69 for re‐excision) were associated with a decreased likelihood of these outcomes. Additionally, age, tumor histology, and military‐specific variables were associated with mastectomy conversion.

Conclusion

Comprehensive preoperative workup, including tumor pathology, may better inform surgical decision‐making and reduce re‐excision rates.
Organ‐saving surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation: Analysis of failures and long‐term results
Authors: Cosimelli Maurizio , Ursi Pietro , Mancini Raffaello , Pattaro Giada , Perri Pasquale , Parrino Chiara , De Peppo Valerio , Diodoro Maria Grazia , Balla Andrea , Grazi Gian Luca
Published: December 2019

Background

To analyze long‐term results and risk of relapse in the clinical TNM stages II and III, mid‐low rectal cancer patients (RC pts), treated with transanal local excision (LE) after major response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (n‐CRT).

Methods

Thirty‐two out of 345 extraperitoneal cT3–4 or N+ RC pts (9.3%) underwent LE. Inclusion criteria: extraperitoneal RC, adenocarcinoma, ECOG Performance Status ≤2. Pts with distant metastases were excluded.

Results

All pts showed histologically clear margins of resection and 81.2% were restaged ypT0/mic/1. Nine out of 32 (28.1%) pts relapsed: 7 (21.8%) showed a local recurrence, of which 5 (15.6%) at the endorectal suture, 1 (3.1%) pelvic and 1 (3.1%) mesorectal. Two pts (6.2%) relapsed distantly. Among the pT0/1, 11.5% relapsed vs 100% of the pT2 and pT4 ones. The six pts relapsing locally or in the mesorectal fat underwent a salvage total mesorectal excision surgery. The old patient with pelvic recurrence relapsed after 108 months and underwent a re‐irradiation; the two pts with distant metastases were treated with chemotherapy followed by radical surgery.

Conclusions

Presently combined approach seems a valid option in major responders, confirming its potential curative impact in the ypT0/mic/1 pts. A strict selection of pts is basic to obtain favourable results.
Alleviation Effects and Mechanisms of Low‐intensity Focused Ultrasound on Pain Triggered by Soft Tissue Injury
Authors: Liang Dandan , Chen Jinyun , Zhou Weichen , Chen Junlin , Chen Wenzhi , Wang Yan
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Pain caused by soft tissue injury (STI) is always intractable and will eventually result in physical and psychological problems. This experiment aimed to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) for pain‐related STI.

Methods

Rabbits (n = 30) with STI were given fixed treatment for 20 seconds and then mobile treatment for 60 seconds daily for 10 consecutive days by an LIFU device with a power output of 5 to 6 W and a frequency of 0.8 MHz. To evaluate the degree of pain, the levels of β‐endorphin in serum were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before and 5 to 10 minutes after the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 10th treatments. The pain threshold was measured by an electronic analgesy meter on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 17th, and 24th days after the start of the treatment. To investigate inflammation, prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐1β, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels were detected by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and nuclear factor κB messenger RNA levels were determined by a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at the same time as the pain threshold was tested.

Results

Compared with non‐LIFU groups, β‐endorphin levels and pain thresholds were significantly increased (P < .05), whereas nuclear factor‐ κB messenger RNA, prostaglandin E2, interleukin‐ 1β, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine levels were significantly reduced (P < .05) after LIFU treatment in rabbits with STI.

Conclusions

Low‐intensity focused ultrasound can alleviate pain induced by STI and could have further clinical applications.
Seed quality and the effect of introducing Cicer echinospermum to improve disease and pest resistance in desi chickpea
Authors: Wood Jennifer A. , Knights Edmund J. , Harden Steven , Hobson Kristy B.
Published: December 2019

The utilisation and consumption of food crops for human nutrition demand acceptable seed quality traits to enable efficient processing into food products. Desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a staple food of the Indian subcontinent, and domestication has led to cultivars with seeds that are an acceptable size, colour, and shape, easy to mill, and quick to hydrate and cook. Domestication has also severely restricted the gene pool, so breeders are looking to “wild” chickpea relatives as sources of novel genes that may provide agronomic benefits such as disease and pest resistance. Cicer echinospermum (a“wild” relative of cultivated chickpea with black, echinate seeds) was used in the breeding programme to introgress phytophthora root rot and root‐lesion nematode resistance genes into adapted C. arietinum backgrounds. The resulting C. echinospermum derivative lines were compared with commercial desi cultivars to examine any effects on seed quality attributes. The C. echinospermum derivatives had similar visual seed characteristics to the C. arietinum cultivars with, on average, lower milling performance and quicker cooking times; however, a few individual derivative lines met or exceeded the average cultivar milling performance. This paper shows the quality variation within the C. echinospermum derivatives, compares them with commercial desi cultivars, and confirms their potential to improve disease resistance whilst retaining the basic seed quality traits important for commercialisation and exporting new cultivars.
Fractional 1,927 nm Thulium Laser Plus Photodynamic Therapy Compared and Combined for Photodamaged Décolleté Skin: A Side‐by‐Side Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hendel Kristoffer , Mogensen Mette , Wenande Emily , Dierickx Christine , Haedersdal Merete , Togsverd‐Bo Katrine
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives

Décolleté photodamage is a common condition typically treated with light and energy‐based devices. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a fractional 1,927 nm thulium laser (TL) alone and combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Study Design/Materials and Methods

In a 12‐week follow‐up study, participant décolletés were divided into four treatment areas and randomized to receive a single treatment with field‐directed TL, PDT, combination TL‐PDT, or lesion‐directed curettage control. All actinic keratoses (AKs) underwent lesion‐directed curettage before randomization. TL was delivered at 20 mJ/mb, 500 mJ/cm2 fluence, 5 W, and 8 (n = 6 pts.) or 16 (n = 6 pts.) passes. PDT was performed with 16% methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) creme incubated for 3 h, followed by red light‐emitting diode light at 37 J/cm2. Outcome measures included clinical assessment of overall photodamage and specific subcomponents, assisted by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Results

Twelve women with moderate to severe photodamage on the décolleté and a cumulative total of 184 thin grade I AKs were included. Field‐directed treatments TL and combination TL‐PDT equally improved the overall photodamage, mottled pigmentation, and rhytides compared with lesion‐directed control (P < 0.05). The skin texture improved by TL alone and was further improved by combining TL and PDT (P < 0.05). Median AK complete responses were similar for field‐directed interventions TL‐PDT (100%), TL (90%), PDT (82%), and lesion‐directed curettage control (52%) (P = 0.464). Patients presented with mild local skin responses, slightly more pronounced when combining TL with PDT versus individual treatments (P < 0.05). No scarring or adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

The 1,927 nm fractional thulium laser is an effective, tolerable, and safe field‐directed treatment for décolleté photodamage. Provided alone, TL proved to be as effective as combined TL‐PDT for overall photodamage, while a greater improvement in skin texture was achieved using TL and PDT in combination. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ Polymer Analogue Generation of Azlactone Functions at Poly(oxazoline)s for Peptide Conjugation
Authors: Liebscher Julia , Teßmar Jörg , Groll Jürgen
Published: December 2019

The physical and chemical stability of peptides for biomedical applications can be greatly enhanced through the conjugation of polymers. A well‐known but rather underemployed selective coupling functionality is the azlactone group, which readily reacts with a number of different nucleophiles without the need for activation and the formation of any by‐products. For example, azlactone functional polymers are used to react with peptides and proteins, rich in amino and thiol groups, to form polymeric beads for affinity‐based column chromatography. So far, side chain functional azlactone polymers have been mainly synthesized by radical polymerization using 2‐vinyl‐4,4‐dimethyl azlactone together with different acrylate monomers. Here, a new azlactone precursor equipped with a functional thiol is presented, which can be attached to any vinyl functional polymer by thiol–ene chemistry. Subsequently, the formation of the reactive azlactone ring can be performed in situ at high conversion rate without the need for illumination. This approach is tested on an azlactone side functional poly(2‐oxazoline) by coupling amine containing molecules including a model peptide and is proven via 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, as well as HPLC measurements.
Battery‐free implantable insulin micropump operating at transcutaneously radio frequency‐transmittable power
Authors: Yan Bingxi , An Duo , Wang Xi , DeLong Brock J. , Kiourti Asimina , Dungan Kathleen , Volakis John L. , Ma Minglin , Guo Liang
Published: December 2019

Implantable insulin pumps that can be wirelessly powered may provide a pain‐free solution to continual treatment of Type‐1 diabetes. However, their design and development have long been prohibited by the lack of low‐voltage actuators operated at a wirelessly deliverable small power. Here we introduce a battery‐free insulin pump actuated by a soft and inherently biocompatible polymeric squeezer. At a low voltage below 1.5 V and a small power below 2 mW, which is deliverable using a miniature wireless harvester, our pump consistently delivers a volumetric output of 10 µl within 1 min at a flow rate of 0.21 µl/s. Moreover, comparative studies based on diabetic mice show well agreed blood glucose responses of pump‐ and syringe‐delivery solutions. These encouraging results pave the way for a lightweight, small‐dimension and battery‐free solution to overcome major disadvantages in current implantable insulin pumps.
Relationship between HLA‐DPA1 genetic polymorphism and anembryonic pregnancy
Authors: Wang Zhendong , Lu Xiaolin , Yao Xiuying , Liu Xinli , Zhao Linlin , Chang Shaoyan , Zhang Ting , Niu Bo , Wang Li
Published: December 2019

Background

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DP is an HLA class II molecule. Overexpression of HLA class II molecules in placental trophoblast cells may induce pregnancy loss. However, the association between HLA‐DP and pregnancy loss remains unclear. HLA‐DPA1 is an HLA‐DP peptide chain. The objective of this study was to assess the association between HLA‐DPA1 genetic polymorphism and anembryonic pregnancy, a type of early pregnancy loss, in the Chinese population.

Methods

A case–control study was designed to compare the frequencies of HLA‐DPA1 gene polymorphisms in an anembryonic pregnancy group and a control group. Sixty‐eight cases and 122 controls were recruited. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and anembryonic pregnancy susceptibility. MassARRAY high‐throughput DNA analysis was used to analyze 19 HLA‐DPA1 SNPs. To explore how HLA‐DPA1 polymorphism could affect anembryonic pregnancy, HLA‐DPA1 serum levels were analyzed by ELISA.

Results

Homozygous typing of rs1431403 (CC and TT) significantly increased the risk of anembryonic pregnancy in the case group (ORCC = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.50–6.53; ORTT = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.31–6.66; ORCC+TT = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.62–5.78). In samples with high HLA‐DPA1 levels (≥1,500 pg/ml), the homozygous rs1431403 genotypes (nCC = 21, 43.8%; nTT = 20, 57.1%) were observed more frequently than were heterozygous genotypes.

Conclusion

HLA‐DPA1 rs1431403 may be a risk factor for anembryonic pregnancy in the Chinese population. Homozygous rs1431403 genotypes (CC and TT) may increase the risk of anembryonic pregnancy by aberrantly increasing the HLA‐DPA1 levels.
Social and medical need for whole genome high resolution NIPT
Authors: Srebniak Malgorzata I. , Knapen Maarten F. C. M. , Govaerts Lutgarde C. P. , Polak Marike , Joosten Marieke , Diderich Karin E. M. , van Zutven Laura J. C. M. , Prinsen Krista A. K. E. , Riedijk Sam , Go Attie T. J. I. , Galjaard Robert‐Jan H. , Hoefsloot Lies H. , Van Opstal Diane
Published: December 2019

Background

Two technological innovations in the last decade significantly influenced the diagnostic yield of prenatal cytogenetic testing: genomic microarray allowing high resolution analysis and noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) focusing on aneuploidy. To anticipate future trends in prenatal screening and diagnosis, we evaluated the number of invasive tests in our center and the number of aberrant cases diagnosed in the last decade.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed fetal chromosomal aberrations diagnosed in 2009–2018 in 8,608 pregnancies without ultrasound anomalies.

Results

The introduction of NIPT as the first‐tier test led to a substantial decrease in the number of invasive tests and a substantially increased diagnostic yield of aneuploidies in the first trimester. However, we have also noted a decreased detection of submicroscopic aberrations, since the number of invasive tests substantially decreased. We have observed that pregnant women were interested in broader scope of prenatal screening and diagnosis than detection of common trisomies.

Conclusion

Since the frequency of syndromic disorders caused by microdeletions/microduplications is substantial and current routine NIPT and ultrasound investigations are not able to detect them, we suggest that a noninvasive test with resolution comparable to microarrays should be developed, which will also meet patient's needs.
The existence of strong solution for a class of fully nonlinear equation
Authors: Wu Ruili
Published: December 2019

This article mainly investigates the existence of global strong solution of a class of fully nonlinear evolution equation and the strong solution of its steady‐state equation. By using the T‐compulsorily weakly continuous operator theory, the existence of the global strong solution of the fully nonlinear evolution equation is obtained. In addition, based on the acute angle principle, the W2,p‐strong solution for the corresponding stationary equation is also derived.
Critical exponents for a non‐Newtonian polytropic filtration equation with weighted nonlocal inner sources
Authors: Zheng Yadong , Bo Fang Zhong
Published: December 2019

This article considers the Cauchy problem for a non‐Newtonian polytropic filtration equation with weighted nonlocal inner sources

where N ≥ 1,
, 01, r ≥ 1,
, and r+s>1. We first obtain a new critical Fujita exponent by virtue of the auxiliary function method and the forward self‐similar solution and then determine the second critical exponent to classify global and nonglobal solutions of the problem in the coexistence region via the decay rates of an initial data at spatial infinity. Moreover, the large time behavior of global solution and the life span of nonglobal solution are derived.
Red Raspberry Polyphenols Attenuate High‐Fat Diet–Driven Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and its Paracrine Suppression of Adipogenesis via Histone Modifications
Authors: Fan Rong , You Mikyoung , Toney Ashley M. , Kim Judy , Giraud David , Xian Yibo , Ye Feng , Gu Liwei , Ramer‐Tait Amanda E. , Chung Soonkyu
Published: December 2019

Scope

The authors aim to investigate the mechanisms by which red raspberry (RR) polyphenolic fractions regulate obesity and inflammation with an emphasis on the crosstalk between adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) and adipocyte progenitors.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6 male mice are fed either a high‐fat (HF) diet or an HF diet supplemented with a RR polyphenolic fraction from whole fruit, pulp, or seed. Supplementation with pulp significantly increases energy expenditure and reduces HF‐diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance. The pulp, and to a lesser extent, whole polyphenols, decreases the recruitment of ATM, activation of the nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and adipocyte hypertrophy, which is associated with epigenetic modulation of adipogenesis (e.g., H3K27Ac, H3K9Ac). Results from an IL‐1β reporter assay in J774 macrophages recapitulate the inhibitory role of RR polyphenols on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using conditioned media from macrophages, it is demonstrated that RR polyphenols reverse the IL‐1β‐mediated epigenetic suppression of H3K27Ac in adipocyte progenitor cells.

Conclusions

RR polyphenols from pulp and whole fruit serve as an inhibitor for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and an epigenetic modifier to regulate adipogenesis, which confers resistance against diet‐induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
Thickness effects on the dielectric dispersion and optical conductivity parameters of CuO thin films
Authors: Qasrawi Atef F. , Hamamdah Alaa A.
Published: December 2019

In this article, the effect of film thickness on the structural, optical, dielectric, and optical conductivity parameters of CuO thin films are reported. CuO thin films which are prepared by the physical vapor deposition technique under vacuum pressure of 10−5 mbar with various thicknesses in the range of 50 to 1000 nm are observed to exhibit amorphous nature of growth. The values of the energy bands gaps, the spectral response of the dielectric constant and of the optical conductivity parameters are highly sensitive to the film thickness. Particularly, while the 50 nm thick CuO films exhibits quantum confinement which forces the material to have wide band gap (2.70 eV), the thicker films display an energy band gap in the infrared range of spectrum. It was also observed that the thicker the films, the more pronounced the nonlinear dielectric response. In addition, analysis of the optical conductivity parameters using Drude‐Lorentz approach for optical conduction has shown that the 50 nm thick films can display drift mobility value of 4.65 cm2/Vs accompanied with plasmon frequency of 1.20 GHz and free carrier density of 7.5×1017 cm3. The Drude‐Lorentz analysis has also shown that the free carrier density and the plasmon frequency of CuO decreases with increasing film thickness. This decrement is accompanied with enhancement in the drift mobility values which reaches 12.56 cm2/V s as the film thickness exceeds 250 nm. Such features of the thin layer of CuO make them suitable for the production of nano/microthin film transistors.
Analyses of mRNA‐seq and miRNA‐seq of the brain reveal the sex differences of gene expression and regulation before and during gonadal differentiation in 17β‐estradiol or 17α‐methyltestosterone‐induced olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Zou Yuxia , Wu Zhihao , Fan Zhaofei , Liang Dongdong , Wang Lijuan , Song Zongcheng , You Feng
Published: December 2019

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a commercially important flatfish species cultured in East Asia. Female flounders generally grow more rapidly than males, therefore control of the sex ratio seems to be a proposed way to increase production. However, the sex determination gene and sex determination mechanism have yet been elucidated. The brain is an important organ that is involved in gonadal development. To explore the sex differences of gene expression in the brain before and during the flounder gonadal differentiation, we used messenger RNA (mRNA)‐seq technology to investigate transcriptomes of male and female brains. Between female and male brains, 103 genes were differentially expressed before ovarian differentiation, 16 genes were differentially expressed before testicular differentiation, and 64 genes were differentially expressed during gonadal differentiation. According to annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes information, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in circadian rhythm, circadian rhythm—fly, circadian entrainment, dopaminergic synapse, calcium signaling, glutamatergic synapse, taste transduction, herpes simplex infection, long‐term depression, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and the synaptic vesicle cycle pathways. MicroRNA (miRNA)‐seq was performed during the gonadal differentiation and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted. Integrated analysis of mRNA‐seq and miRNA‐seq showed that 29 of the 64 DEGs were regulated by the differentially expressed miRNAs during the gonadal differentiation. Our study provides a basis for further studies of brain sex differentiation and the molecular mechanism of sex determination in olive flounder.
Daten speichern im Kristallgitter
Authors: Kunkel Nathalie , Clemens Oliver
Published: December 2019

Die Quanteninformationstechnik ist ein lebendiges Thema in der Forschung an anorganischen Materialien, beispielsweise bei der Verschlüsselung für Datentransfer oder für den Traum vom Quantencomputer. Neben supraleitenden Qubits oder Defektzentren in Diamant eignen sich möglicherweise seltenerddotierte Materialien dafür.
Stützende Fäden
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: December 2019

Ein Polymer, das beim 3‐D‐Druck hilft, lieferte in diesem Jahr den Grund für den Meyer‐Galow‐Preis für Wirtschaftschemie.
Energie aus der Wüste
Authors: Offermanns Heribert
Published: December 2019

Die energetische und stoffliche Nutzung von Sonnenenergie in sonnenreichen Gebieten der Erde mit CO2‐Verwertung zu koppeln, hat das Potenzial, Erdöl als Ressource abzulösen. Zudem könnten dort neue Kohlekraftwerke sinnvoll sein.
Influence of global sea‐surface temperature on ultra‐low‐frequency variability in Indian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Karmakar Nirupam , Chakraborty Arindam , Nanjundiah Ravi S.
Published: December 2019

A multidecadal or ultra‐low‐frequency mode of variability in Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) with a spectral peak at nearly 67 years is identified using a nonparametric approach, namely, singular spectrum analysis. Not only does this mode modulate the seasonal mean rainfall over India, but also frequent occurrences of excess or below normal rainfall over India are favored by the phases of this mode. We show that 80% of all droughts occur during the negative phase of this mode, compared with 60% of all floods during its positive phase. Although the existence of this mode was reported in many previous studies, proper understanding of its exact nature and driving mechanism, and how it relates to global sea‐surface temperature (SST), is still not clear. Here, we show that the 67‐year variability in ISMR is associated with a SST mode of similar periodicity, which primarily exhibits a hemispheric SST difference, with the strongest signals over the northern Pacific and Atlantic. The positive phase of this SST mode induces low surface pressure over the northern Arabian Sea. Changes in surface pressure over the northern Arabian Sea govern changes in ISMR. The bridge between the SST mode and central Asian circulation is possibly established through the North Pacific Oscillation. The positive phase of this mode enhances the meridional temperature gradient over India, which acts to strengthen the tropical easterly jet, and subsequently the low‐level westerly jet over India. These lead to a negative surface pressure anomaly over the Indian subcontinent and an associated anomalous cyclonic circulation. The environment thus created is conducive to increased seasonal mean monsoon rainfall over India. The phase of the SST mode is remarkably similar to, and leading by 2–3 years, that of the multidecadal mode in ISMR up to the 1990s. However, the relationship weakens after the early 1990s.
The AP‐1 pathway; A key regulator of cellular transformation modulated by oncogenic viruses
Authors: Mirzaei Habibollah , Khodadad Nastaran , Karami Chiman , Pirmoradi Roya , Khanizadeh Sayyad
Published: December 2019

Cancer progression is critically associated with modulation of host cell signaling pathways. Activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) signaling is one such pathway whose deregulation renders the host more susceptible to cancer development. Oncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1, and Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpes virus, are common causes of cancer. This review discusses how these oncoviruses by acting through various aspects of the host cell signaling machinery such as the AP‐1 pathway might affect oncoviral tumorigenesis, replication, and pathogenesis. The review also briefly considers how the pathway might be targeted during infections with these oncogenic viruses.
A study on the effects of torsional component of ground motions on seismic response of low‐ and mid‐rise buildings
Authors: Rahat Dahmardeh Saman , Motamedi Mehrtash , Aziminejad Armin
Published: December 2019

The torsional component of ground motion is a potential factor to excite the torsional response of buildings during earthquake, which is not explicitly considered in seismic design codes. Building codes have proposed accidental eccentricity to consider the effect of torsional component and other unpredicted factors, which may contribute to torsion in buildings. This study investigated the effects of torsional component on the buildings' responses and the adequacy of the accidental eccentricity. For this purpose, the torsional component of some selected ground motions was generated using single‐station procedure. Subsequently, 5, 10, and 15‐story buildings with different ratios of rotational to translational frequencies were analyzed; first, by translational components only, and second, by simultaneous application of translational and torsional components. Also, the role of mass eccentricity in the effects of torsional component was studied. Furthermore, all models were reanalyzed by applying the 5% accidental eccentricity, and the effects of torsional component and accidental eccentricity were compared accordingly. Results indicated that torsional component has significant impact on the buildings' responses and can increase the displacement and drift ratio up to 36% and 41%, respectively. However, the 5% accidental eccentricity is not sufficient to take account the torsional component effects, and leads to unreliable responses.
Effect of single dose N-acetylcysteine administration on resting state functional connectivity in schizophrenia
Authors: McQueen Grant , Lay Aderlee , Lally John , Gabay Anthony S. , Collier Tracy , Lythgoe David J. , Barker Gareth J. , Stone James M. , McGuire Philip , MacCabe James H. , Egerton Alice
Published: December 2019

Rationale

There is interest in employing N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of schizophrenia, but investigations of the functional signatures of its pharmacological action are scarce.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify the changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) that occur following administration of a single dose of NAC in patients with schizophrenia. A secondary aim was to examine whether differences in rs-FC between conditions were mediated by glutamate metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

Methods

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 20 patients with schizophrenia had two MRI scans administered 7 days apart, following oral administration of either 2400 mg NAC or placebo. Resting state functional fMRI (rsfMRI) assessed the effect of NAC on rs-FC within the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure Glx/Cr (glutamate plus glutamine, in ratio to creatine) levels in the ACC during the same scanning sessions.

Results

Compared to the placebo condition, the NAC condition was associated with reduced within the DMN and SN, specifically between the medial pre-frontal cortex to mid frontal gyrus, and ACC to frontal pole (all p < 0.04). There were no significant correlations between ACC Glx/Cr and rs-FC in either condition (p > 0.6).

Conclusions

These findings provide preliminary evidence that NAC can reduce medial frontal rs-FC in schizophrenia. Future studies assessing the effects of NAC on rs-FC in early psychosis and on repeated administration in relation to efficacy would be of interest.
Identification of human remains using Rapid DNA analysis
Authors: Turingan Rosemary S. , Brown Jessi , Kaplun Ludmila , Smith Jake , Watson Jenna , Boyd Derek A. , Steadman Dawnie Wolfe , Selden Richard F
Published: December 2019

Rapid identification of human remains following mass casualty events is essential to bring closure to family members and friends of the victims. Unfortunately, disaster victim identification, missing persons identification, and forensic casework analysis are often complicated by sample degradation due to exposure to harsh environmental conditions. Following a mass disaster, forensic laboratories may be overwhelmed by the number of dissociated portions that require identification and reassociation or compromised by the event itself. The interval between the disaster and receipt of victim samples at a laboratory is critical in that sample quality deteriorates as the postmortem interval increases. When bodies decompose due to delay in collection, transport, and sample processing, DNA becomes progressively fragmented, adversely impacting identification. We have previously developed a fully automated, field-forward Rapid DNA identification system that produces STR profiles (also referred to as DNA IDs or DNA fingerprints) from buccal and crime scene samples. The system performs all sample processing and data interpretation in less than 2 h. Here, we present results on Rapid DNA identification performed on several tissue types (including buccal, muscle, liver, brain, tooth, and bone) from exposed human bodies placed above ground or stored in a morgue/cooler, two scenarios commonly encountered following mass disasters. We demonstrate that for exposed remains, buccal swabs are the sample of choice for up to 11 days exposure and bone and tooth samples generated excellent DNA IDs for the 1-year duration of the study. For refrigerated remains, all sample types generated excellent DNA IDs for the 3-month testing period.
Weiterbildung nach Maß: Lehrgang „TUSI – Tunnelsicherheit in Bau und Betrieb“
Authors: Löschnauer Jürgen , Galler Robert , Wenighofer Robert , Wohltran Nicole
Published: December 2019

Die Sicherheit von Tunnelbauwerken ist ein Querschnittsthema, das verschiedene Interessensgruppen von der Planung über den Bau bis zum Betrieb betrifft. Im Rahmen des Qualifizierungsprojektes „TUSI – Tunnelsicherheit in Bau und Betrieb“ waren alle Projektpartner an der Konzeption der 9 Ausbildungsmodule beteiligt. Das erworbene Wissen wurde von den TeilnehmerInnen in einem Praxisprojekt umgesetzt. Zur sichtbaren Darstellung der Fachkompetenz erfolgte eine Personenzertifizierung nach den Anforderungen der ISO 17024. Mit dem Projekt wurde der Grundstein für die Entwicklung eines internationalen Universitätslehrganges auf dem Gebiet der Tunnelsicherheit gelegt.