bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for analysis of free radicals in
zebrafish
Authors: Sabetghadam Moghadam Mitra , Wiens Eli , Gauvrit Sébastien , Sammynaiken Ramaswami , Collins Michelle M
Published: February 2025

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an excellent choice for detecting free radicals in biological samples. Biologically relevant radicals are extremely short-lived and cannot be detected directly, emphasizing the need for an appropriate compound to generate stable adducts that can be measured by EPR. Spin trapping with nitrone compounds like 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) is a method commonly employed for detecting free radicals. However, due to the instability of nitrone radical adducts, using the cell-permeable 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl pyrrolidine (CMH) appears to be a more effective approach within biological tissues. Here, we compare the use of DMPO and CMH to detect the most abundant reactive oxygen species radical, superoxide (O2⋅-), in zebrafish and present an optimized protocol for performing EPR with a CMH spin probe in both zebrafish hearts and larvae. Together, our data suggest that EPR using the CMH probe is a reliable method to detect O2⋅- in zebrafish pathologies linked to oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases.
Centering voices of scientists from marginalized backgrounds to understand experiences in climate adaptation science and inform action
Authors: Marjadi Meghna N. , Smith Rebecca A. , Tu Hsin Fei , Ajmani Asha M. , Holland Addie Rose , Lopez Bianca E. , Morelli Toni Lyn , Bradley Bethany A.
Published: February 2025

Identifying and building solutions to help people and ecosystems adapt to climate change requires participation of all people; however, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, including environmental sciences, continue to lack diversity. To address this issue, many institutions have increased programming to recruit and retain people from historically marginalized backgrounds in STEM fields. Institutions use surveys to evaluate the experiences of community members and identify areas for improvement; however, surveys often summarize and reflect majority perspectives and disregard voices of historically marginalized individuals. In June 2021, a survey of graduate students, postdocs, faculty, staff, and researchers affiliated with the Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center (NE CASC) evaluated their experiences of diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) using Likert-based and long-answer questions. We analyzed the results as a whole, but also focused on the responses of people who self-identified as members of a marginalized group (“marginalized respondents”) in climate adaptation science to center their voices. Marginalized respondents reported being motivated to enter climate adaptation science to improve society and the environment rather than for intellectual curiosity, which motivated one third of non-marginalized respondents. Once in science, marginalized respondents reported feeling less supported and comfortable at work and were more likely to have considered leaving science and academia in the last year. Long-answer responses of marginalized respondents indicated distrust in the ability of leadership and existing DEIJ initiatives to effectively tackle systemic issues and emphasized the importance of focusing on equity and inclusion before recruitment. Marginalized respondents identified additional funding to support existing DEIJ efforts and undergraduates as priorities. By allowing participants to self-identify as part of a marginalized group, we were able to highlight experiences and needs without risking exposure based on race, gender, disability status, or sexual orientation. This approach can be applied to other small organizations with limited demographic diversity.
Improving topic modeling performance on social media through semantic relationships within biomedical terminology
Authors: Xin Yi , Grabowska Monika E. , Gangireddy Srushti , Krantz Matthew S. , Kerchberger V. Eric , Dickson Alyson L. , Feng Qiping , Yin Zhijun , Wei Wei-Qi
Published: February 2025

Topic modeling utilizes unsupervised machine learning to detect underlying themes within texts and has been deployed routinely to analyze social media for insights into healthcare issues. However, the inherent messiness of social media hinders the full realization of this technique’s potential. As such, we hypothesized that restricting medical concepts in social media texts to specific related semantic types and applying topic modeling to these concepts could be a feasible approach to overcome the challenge of traditional topic modeling for social media texts. Therefore, we developed a semantic-type-based topic modeling pipeline to discover self-reported health-related topics. This pipeline integrated semantic type information and Systematized Medical Nomenclature for Medicine (SNOMED) precoordinated expressions into a traditional topic modeling approach to enhance effectiveness in clustering meaningful, distinct topics. Using social media texts regarding statins for illustration, we evaluated the efficacy of this new approach and validated a newly identified topic using real-world clinical data. Based on expert evaluations, this approach resulted in more novel, distinguishable, and meaningful health-related topics compared to traditional topic modeling. In addition, our electronic health record validation for a newly identified topic in two real-world clinical databases indicated that statin users had a higher prevalence of depression or anxiety compared to matched non-users. Our results indicate that this new topic modeling pipeline can improve the extraction of themes from noisy online discussions, thereby contributing to deeper insights for healthcare research.
Associations between religiosity/spirituality with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study
Authors: Masters Kevin S. , Wilson Caitlyn L. , Morozink Boylan Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are central aspects to the lives of many people worldwide. Previous research suggests a potentially beneficial relationship between R/S, mostly understood as religious service attendance, and mortality. Though important, this research often fails to account for the complex and multidimensional nature of R/S. Also lacking is an adequate understanding of the physiological mechanisms that may link R/S with mortality and other health outcomes. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, subclinical physiological processes that are influenced by the types of lifestyle factors and psychological factors that R/S addresses, serve as two possible biological mechanisms linking R/S and health outcomes. This study investigated the relations of R/S, defined as service attendance, support from one’s religious community, and composite variables comprised of several diverse R/S indicators, in relation to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome both cross-sectionally and in longitudinal analyses across 8–10 years in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Results, controlling for important covariates (demographic factors, self-rated health, chronic conditions, depressive symptoms for all analyses; diabetes status and body mass index for insulin resistance analyses; antihyperlipidemic medications for metabolic syndrome), demonstrated nonsignificant relationships for all measures of R/S and both insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Integrating these findings into the limited research on physiological mechanisms in the R/S and health relationship suggests that the area lacks consistent findings. Additional studies that use heterogenous, representative samples and further refine the operationalization of R/S are indicated.
An analytical delay model for multi-class and lane-free traffic condition
Authors: Mattungal Vinaya S. , Vanajakshi Lelitha Devi
Published: February 2025

This study emphasises the criticality of delay as a performance metric for signalized intersections and the challenges associated with its estimation, particularly in the context of Multi-class and Lane-free (MCLF) traffic conditions. Traditional delay models are often inadequate for such conditions, necessitating the development of a tailored approach. A novel delay equation is proposed, integrating insights from queuing theory principles with consideration of multi-class of vehicles and lane-free movement. Key features include assumption of random arrival and departure pattern as well as distribution, incorporation of Passenger Car Equivalent (PCE) and virtual lane concepts to account for the diverse vehicle classes and lane-free movement prevalent in Indian traffic. The model’s efficacy is demonstrated through comparison with conventional in practice delay models, showing its superior performance. This tailored approach enhances the accuracy of delay estimation and also highlights the importance of accounting for specific traffic characteristics in optimising signal design for intersections under MCLF traffic conditions.
Global Movement Towards the Abolition of the Death Penalty: Debate on the (Jus Cogens) Status of its Prohibition
Authors: Rodrigues Anabela Miranda , Lemos Miguel Manero de
Published: February 2025

Esta obra reúne textos de vários autores, nacionais e estrangeiros, cujo tema central é a pena de morte e a discussão da proposta de consideração da proibição da pena de morte como norma peremptória de direito internacional geral jus cogens. Inclui contribuições de Anabela Miranda Rodrigues, António Muñoz Aunión, Francisco Ferreira de Almeida, Ignatio Berdugo Gómez de la Torre, Inês Horta Pinto, João Narciso, Jon Yorke, José Luis de la Cuesta, Luís Arroyo Zapatero, Miguel João Costa, Miguel Manero de Lemos e William Schabas.
Development, validation, and application of the AAIIA scale (Acceptance and Self-Efficacy for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence) in the teaching of History and Literature among secondary school teachers in Spain
Authors: Ortega-Sánchez Delfín , Pérez-González Carlos
Published: February 2025

This study aims, first and foremost, to validate the psychometric properties of the scale Acceptance and Self-Efficacy for the Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AAIIA) in the Teaching of History and Literature for its application in the Spanish context. This scale, specifically designed based on technological acceptance models and standardized psychometric guidelines, represents the first instrument to address the integrated use of AI in the curricular domains of History and Literature. Secondly, the study examines potential differences in knowledge, attitudes, readiness for AI use, and perceptions of its pedagogical impact according to three sociodemographic variables of secondary education teachers: gender, educational level, and geographical origin. The results confirm the bifactorial structure of the instrument, demonstrating adequate fit indices (RMSEA = 0.043, SRMR = 0.023, CFI = 0.982, TLI = 0.980) and high internal consistency (α = .928, ω = .866), providing evidence of its reliability and validity for application among Social Sciences and Literature educators in Spain. Furthermore, the findings reveal no statistically significant differences in the sociodemographic variables analyzed, except for gender. Men teachers exhibit significantly higher scores in knowledge, attitudes, readiness, confidence in their abilities, and motivation to integrate AI into their teaching practice. However, women teachers report the highest scores in their perception of AI’s pedagogical potential, particularly in its capacity to personalize learning, support the teaching process, facilitate assessment, and foster the development of critical thinking skills.
El uso y apropiación de recursos educativos abiertos 3D para la integración de las áreas básicas en la práctica clínica
Authors: Jerónimo Montes José Antonio , Cruz Ramírez Juan Ignacio , Martínez Rodriguez Angélica Rosalva , Reyes Barrera Martín Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Se presentan los avances del Proyecto de Innovación e investigación Tecnológica realizado en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, FES Zaragoza. Se considera el diseño y producción de estructuras anatómicas de pacientes en odontología, elaborados en formato digital e impreso 3D, incorporados en los procesos de aprendizaje en ciencias de la salud en estomatología. Los modelos 3D (biomodelos) se han generado con datos DICOM tomados de tomografías computarizadas que se transforman a un dato de geometría STL para impresión 3D y su visibilidad con lentes de realidad mixta. Los biomodelos se han probado en pequeños grupos; los resultados se han identificado mediante la observación participante, la entrevista abierta y con formularios en línea, considerando la noción de afordances como detonadores de la interacción para el aprendizaje, se fomenta la integración de conocimientos para el diagnóstico clínico y la planificación de tratamientos complejos en el estudio de casos clínicos y la resolución de problemas. Se fomenta la construcción de comunidades maker y el aprendizaje de “alumnos para alumnos”. La construcción de estos recursos educativos ha consistido un reto tanto en romper la resistencia al cambio cómo incursionar en tecnologías actuales para el aprendizaje.
Os discursos expressos pela OCDE sobre formação inicial e continuada de professores
Authors: Melo Damiana Fernandes de , Vieira Marilandi Maria Mascarello , Ferreira Fernando Ilídio da Silva
Published: February 2025

Este estudo, recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado em Educação, analisou documentos emitidos pela Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) de 2010 a 2020. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar como os discursos dessa organização influenciam a formulação de políticas educacionais, com ênfase nas diretrizes voltadas para a formação inicial e continuada de professores. Nesse sentido, a investigação destaca que, por meio de relatórios e recomendações, a OCDE exerce um papel influente nas políticas públicas ao oferecer dados que auxiliam diversos países na avaliação de sistemas educacionais e na identificação de áreas de melhoria, ao mesmo tempo em que promove uma educação alinhada às demandas do mercado. Por essas razões, compreender o papel da OCDE torna-se fundamental para examinar como suas orientações moldam as políticas nacionais e influenciam a formação docente. O estudo seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, que combina pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. A metodologia do trabalho fundamentou-se na Análise de Conteúdo, de Bardin (2011), que contempla etapas que incluem a seleção de documentos, a construção de corpus discursivo e a análise dos significados explícitos e implícitos presentes nos textos. Em linhas gerais, os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a OCDE propõe uma formação docente alinhada às demandas econômicas globais, fundamentada em evidências, à integração entre teoria e prática e voltada ao desenvolvimento de competências que capacitem os educadores para os desafios atuais da educação. A OCDE também reflete uma perspectiva neoliberal que vem moldando a formação de professores às exigências de um mundo globalizado e influenciando diretamente as políticas educacionais.
A review on renewable energy sources for production of bioethanol
Authors: Parimala devi R , Vijayakumary P , Murugananthi D , Sangeetha M , Karthikeyan S , Ramesh D
Published: February 2025

Industrial development has led to several advantages like economic growth, ease of operation, a wide range of products, etc. Simultaneously, it has increased the demand in the energy sector, which is highly dependent on non-renewable energy sources like fossil fuels to meet this demand. Unfortunately, the availability of fossil fuels is nearing depletion and hence the scientific community is in search of potential renewable energy sources to reduce the dependency on non-renewable energy sources. Bioethanol is a renewable energy source and can be produced from a wide range of renewable raw materials. Production of bioethanol has benefits like; environmental safety, socio-economic benefits and energy security. Bioethanol is currently produced from sugar-rich and starch-rich agro-residues. Agro-industries which contribute significantly to the country’s GDP generate waste in large quantities and share 10-15 % of the cause of pollution. The agro-industry waste originating from crop plants are nutritionally rich (lignocellulosic) and hence could be potentially used as a raw material for bioethanol production. Currently, the production of bioethanol from low-cost renewable agro-industry wastes has gained considerable attention. Sugar-rich materials such as sugarcane, sugar beet, sweet sorghum, molasses, etc are largely used for bioethanol production. Lignocellulosic materials are available in large quantum and serve as a potential source for the production of bioethanol.
Asymptotic behaviors of least energy solutions for weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Cheng Zetao
Published: February 2025

We study the asymptotic behavior of positive least energy solutions to the weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems with nearly critical exponents. There are at most three kinds of asymptotic behaviors for positive solutions to two-coupled systems: (i) both two components converge; (ii) one component blows up while the other one converges; (iii) both two components blow up. Here we prove that any type of these three asymptotic behaviors will happen under different circumstances.
Growth rates, standing stocks, and estimates of net primary production for the kelps Agarum clathratum, Hedophyllum nigripes, and Eualaria fistulosa (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) in Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet, Alaska
Authors: Lees Dennis Cody , Driskell William B. , Erikson David E.
Published: February 2025

We measured baseline growth rates of perennial understory kelps, Agarum clathratum and Hedophyllum nigripes, and canopy-forming Eualaria fistulosa from March 1977 through October 1978 in Jakolof Bay, Kachemak Bay, Alaska. We measured density and biomass of several kelp species in the entrance to Jakolof Bay, at Seldovia Point, and at Latouche Point, Latouche Is., in an ocean entrance into Prince William Sound. We used Kachemak Bay data to estimate primary productivity in these kelp beds. In view of current records demonstrating increasing sea-surface temperatures in the Gulf of Alaska, these baseline data provide a useful basis for evaluating effects of climate change or other environmental effects. Growth rates, highest from late winter/early spring and lowest from late summer until mid-winter, changed seasonally. Rates were fastest in Eualaria, the largest of these kelps, and slowest in Agarum, the smallest. Rates and seasonality of stipe growth varied among species. Stipe growth, observed seasonally in Agarum and Hedophyllum, occurred from spring through mid-summer; rates were slowest in Agarum. Stipe growth in the annual Eualaria occurred throughout its life span. Tissue growth and primary production varied among species; all produced appreciable quantities of fixed carbon annually. Estimated production for understory kelps off Seldovia Point varied from 73 g C m−2 yr−1 for Agarum to 87 g C m−2 yr−1 for Hedophyllum. Estimated production for canopy-forming kelps was an order of magnitude higher. Value of these decades-old baseline data cannot be over-emphasized in view of growing awareness of effects of climate change on kelps.
A modified adhesion evaluation method between asphalt and aggregate based on a pull off test and image processing
Authors: Kejun Ding , Xiangqian Xu , Hui Zhang , Rui Chen , Songqiang Chen
Published: February 2025

The adhesion between asphalts and aggregates is an important parameter affecting moisture damage in asphalt mixtures, and a pull-off test is usually used to evaluate the adhesion performance between asphalts and aggregates due to the ease of operation. To analyze the influence of aggregate lithology on asphalt adhesion performance, two types of asphalts and four types of aggregates were tested via pull-off tests. The pull-off force data showed that the variance in the results gradually decreased as the test temperature increased. Then, an image processing software package, cover-area, was developed based on MATLAB to calculate the asphalt coverage area of the pull-stub, and the accuracy of its calculation results was verified. Finally, the modified pull-off strength was obtained by dividing the pull-off force by the asphalt coverage area to analyze the influence of aggregate lithology on asphalt adhesion. The results show that the modified pull-off strength of basalt and diabase is the highest, followed by that of limestone, and that of tuff is the worst, which is consistent with the actual application situation. The proposed method could be used to evaluate the adhesion performance between asphalt and aggregates well.
Architectural practice process and artificial intelligence – an evolving practice
Authors: El Moussaoui Mustapha
Published: February 2025

In an era of exponential technological advancement, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in architecture, reshaping traditional design and construction practices. This article explores the multifaceted roles of AI in the architectural process, emphasizing its potential to enhance creativity and efficiency while addressing its limitations in capturing multisensory and experiential dimensions of space. Historically, architectural innovation has paralleled technological progress, from basic tools to advanced computer-aided design systems. However, the integration of AI presents unique challenges, requiring architects to critically evaluate its role in design. A narrative review methodology was adopted, focusing on academic sources selected for their relevance, recency, and credibility. The findings reveal that AI is increasingly integrated across various stages of the architectural process, from early conceptualization and site analysis to generative design and construction detailing. AI tools excel at automating repetitive tasks and generating innovative design solutions, freeing architects to focus on creativity and problem-solving. Additionally, AI’s (text-to-image) visual representation strength challenges the ocular-centric approaches in architecture, which should push future architects to address the holistic sensory and experiential qualities of space or the critical thinking inherent to architectural design. While AI offers transformative potential, architects must view it as a collaborative partner rather than a passive tool. Integrating AI into design paradigms that prioritize sensory richness, critical thought, and sustainability is essential for creating spaces that resonate on a deeper, more human level. By adopting a balanced relationship between human creativity and AI’s computational power, the architectural profession can benefit from this technological opportunity without compromising its core values.
When possessor and argument indexes coincide. A cross-linguistic survey
Authors: Barotto Alessandra , Sansò Andrea
Published: February 2025

Cross-linguistically, it is not uncommon to find the same person indexes in noun and verb phrases, referring, respectively, to the possessor of the noun and to various (combinations of) arguments (A, S and P). This phenomenon has never been the object of a dedicated typological survey. This article seeks to address this gap by investigating cases in which possessor and argument indexes coincide in a variety sample of 225 languages. The parameters of analysis include the (combinations of) arguments indexed, the type of coincidence (total, covering all persons in a given index set, or partial, limited to some persons), the segmental similarity between coinciding argument/possessor indexes and independent pronouns, the restriction of coinciding indexes to specific TAM and/or voice constructions, and the type of possessor indexes involved (alienable vs. inalienable). The typological survey is further complemented by a discussion of diachronic scenarios that may explain these patterns of coincidence, including (but not limited to) parallel developments from independent pronouns and the reinterpretation of nominalized forms of the verb (where possessor indexes correspond to an argument of the full verb) as predicative forms.
When every finitely generated regular ideal is principal
Authors: Chhiti Mohamed , Mahdou Salah Eddine
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce a ring in which every finitely generated regular ideal is principal, and we call it a regular Bézout ring. We investigate the stability of this property under localization and homomorphic image, and its transfer to various contexts of constructions such as trivial ring extensions, pullbacks and amalgamated duplication of a ring along an ideal. Our results generate examples which enrich the current literature with new and original families of rings that satisfy this property.
Action of higher derivations on prime rings with involution
Authors: Ali Shakir , Alali Amal S. , Varshney Vaishali , Rafiquee Naira Noor
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we monitor the behavior of a prime ring with involution of second kind. Such rings are studied through the prism of higher derivations satisfying certain differential identities. Precisely, we prove that for a higher derivation

D
=

(

d
i

)

i
∈

ℕ
∪

{
0
}

{D=(d_{i})_{i\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{{0}\}}}

, if we are able to establish the identity,

d
n

⁢

[
x
,

x
*

]

∈

Z
⁢

(
R
)

{d_{n}[x,x^{*}]\in Z(R)}

for a single positive integer n, then the structure exhibits certain interesting properties. Some similar looking results are also presented.
Optimization of stress-relief heat treatment for overlay weld repair of severely used rail tracks: effects on residual stress, microstructure and wear resistance
Authors: Sirivedin Kumpanat , Tuiprae Man , Intawong Narin , Paiyarad Charadpong , Rojhirunsakool Tanaporn
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the optimization of stress-relief heat treatment for overlay weld repair of severely used rail tracks. The research focuses on 900A rail steel samples that have been in service for over 20 years, exhibiting significant wear and plastic deformation. Pre-welding heat treatments at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C were applied to reduce service-induced residual stresses before flux core arc welding (FCAW) repair using high-Mn filler material. The effects of these treatments on residual stress distribution, microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance were systematically analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray residual stress analysis, microhardness testing, and pin-on-disc wear tests were employed to characterize the samples. Results indicate that stress relief at 300 °C and 400 °C effectively reduces residual stress while maintaining or enhancing hardness and wear resistance. However, treatment at 500 °C led to over-tempering, resulting in decreased hardness and increased wear rates. The 400 °C treatment emerged as the optimal temperature, providing a balanced combination of reduced residual stress, favorable microstructure, and improved mechanical properties across all welded zones.
Comparative analysis of physicochemical, nutritional, functional, and sensory properties of rice bran oil from white (Bg 300) and brown rice (At 362)
Authors: Jans Harshaka M. , Perumpuli P.A. Buddhika N. , Abeysuriya A.P. Hashini I.
Published: February 2025

Rice bran oil (RBO) is one of the healthiest edible oils in the world is locally underutilized. The current study was conducted to examine the physicochemical, nutritional, functional and sensory properties of RBO extracted from two locally grown rice varieties Bg 300 (white rice bran oil: WRBO) and At 362 (brown rice bran oil: BRBO) and to compare those with commercially available coconut oil (CACO). Saponification value in RBOs varied in the range of 175–176 mg KOH/g. BRBO showed a higher peroxide (3.71 ± 0.80 meq O2/kg) and Iodine value (98.38 ± 0.05 g I2/100 g) compared to WRBO. Highest oleic acid percentage (45.34 ± 2.65 %) and smoke point (204.6 ± 8.3 °C) was observed in BRBO. Significantly highest potassium (133.10 ± 1.07 mg/kg) and sodium (76.80 ± 0.10 mg/kg) contents were observed in BRBO and CACO respectively. Further, BRBO showed the highest contents of ɤ-oryzanol (1.49 ± 0.04 %), total flavonoid (1.13 ± 7.66 mg QE/g), total phenolic (1.47 ± 1.46 mg GAE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (1.04 ± 0.07 mmol Trolox/g). As a whole, BRBO from At362 showed acceptable physicochemical, nutritional and functional properties compared to WRBO and CACO proving it as a promising application in local food industry while utilizing rice bran, a by-product in rice milling.
Intelligent food packaging from Ganyong starch (Canna Edulis Kerr.) modified with nanocellulose from corn husk (Zea mays) and curcumin as bioindicator
Authors: Purwaningsih Henny , Yupa Nor Pana , Kemala Tetty , Kustiariyah Kustiariyah , Widiastuti Diana
Published: February 2025

Consumer demand for food safety and quality is driving innovation in eco-friendly and intelligent food packaging. This intelligent packaging can monitor product quality and reduce the risk of spoilage. One innovation uses natural indicators, such as curcumin, which is sensitive to changes in pH and can detect food spoilage. Research on intelligent packaging with curcumin indicators based on ganyong starch with nanocellulose from corn husk has never been done. Isolation of nanocellulose from corn husk produced a yield of 40.84 %. Morphological analysis showed irregular shape and size, with crystallinity of 57.77 % and an average particle size of 230.9 nm. Tests on vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) showed that the ganyong-nanocellulose-curcumin film can monitor the freshness of shrimp through color changes from yellow to red under alkaline conditions, indicating spoilage. Ammonia during spoilage caused weight loss, soft texture, and increased TVBN value. Curcumin-based indicators affect intelligent packaging properties, reducing moisture content, water vapor transmission rate, solubility, and elongation while increasing tensile strength, density, and thickness. This intelligent packaging film has great potential for monitoring seafood freshness, making it a promising innovation.
Antibody-functionalized nanoporous silicon particles as a selective doxorubicin vehicle to improve toxicity against HER2+ breast cancer cells
Authors: Camacho Alma Rosa Oaxaca , Rodríguez Sara Elisa Herrera , Mojica Óscar René Ochoa , Agarwal Vivechana , Pelayo Alexis Jazmín Preciado , Arízaga Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal , Álvarez Ángel H. , Carvajal Zaira Yunuen García , Velázquez Moisés Martínez , Gutiérrez Rodolfo Hernández
Published: February 2025

Porous silicon (PS) has been widely used in biology, biomedicine, and nanotechnology. In recent years, its application in cancer therapy has received considerable attention. PS has shown low cytotoxicity, so it is reasonable to use it as an antibody conjugate for targeted anticancer drug delivery. In this work, we synthesized PS covalently attached to doxorubicin and covered by a nanometric polymer as a crosslinker between PS and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, using electrochemical etching for particle generation. The results revealed the formation of the antibody conjugate, obtaining particles with sizes around 250–350 nm, and a homogeneous size distribution determined by dynamic light scattering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed the porous structure of the conjugate, while Fourier-transform infrared and transmission electron microscopy characterization demonstrated functionalization between PS and the antibody. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 (HER2+) and MCF-7 (HER2−), and one non-cancer cell line as control (HEK293). The cytotoxic effect on the SKBR3 cancer cell line was higher than on the MCF-7 and HEK293 cell lines. Notably, the targeted protein HER2 mediates the elevated cytotoxic activity exhibited by the antibody conjugate.
Criminalização da classe trabalhadora e a passagem à modernidade: uma chave interpretativa para compreensão interdisciplinar da natureza do poder punitivo
Authors: CRUZ E. C. L.
Published: February 2025

This article investigates the connection between the historical processes of criminalization, in the context of the transition to modernity in Brazil, with a specific focus on the examination of criminal repression directed against the working class. This conjuncture includes the emergence of urban social movements and the circulation of new ideas, which led to the demands of the proletariat through strikes and the consequent fear of the emergence of revolutionary movements. Legislation from the First Republic that instrumentalized the repression of Brazilian and foreign workers arriving in the country was analyzed. The theoretical framework has a decolonial and anti-positivist orientation, with emphasis on studies developed by Latin American researchers. The methodology results from the interweaving of studies on the history of ideas, the analysis of sociological contexts, and the subjectivities identified in hegemonic thinking, which provides the possibility of an interdisciplinary understanding of the nature of punitive power, based on the criticisms of Tobias Barreto (1839-1889).
Prostorna analiza značaja i uloge tvrđave Imperijal u ob-rani Dubrovnika u Domovinskom ratu 1991. godine
Authors: Heštera Hrvoje , Gernhardt Dalibor , Zečević Marko
Published: February 2025

In addition to the defensive ring around the old town of Dubrovnik, fortifications like fortresses and walls were erected between the 14th and 19th centuries in strategically vital locations of the then-Republic of Ragusa. We conducted a military geography analysis of battleground around Dubrovnik during the Croatian Homeland War. OAKOC procedure and GIS tolls were used to reconstruct the impact of terrain and employed military tactics during the military operations of 1991. The military-geographical elements were examined to ascertain the significance and role of the Imperial Fortress in the successful defence of Dubrovnik, as well as the failure of the attackers to execute their plans. The analysis uncovered several critical factors for the successful defence. Firstly, there was only one access route for attackers to reach the Imperial Fortress, greatly favouring the defence. Secondly, the fortress's placement facilitated excellent surveillance of both friendly and hostile forces. Thirdly, logistical support relied on a single footpath leading directly to the heart of Dubrovnik, concealed from the attackers' view, ensuring that defenders were never without supplies. Holding the Srđ hill with the Imperial fortress in the hands of the defenders proved to be a key and decisive terrain during the siege of Dubrovnik.
Soil Descompactor Equipment for Deep Tillage
Authors: Chávez Marco Antonio Reynolds , Lezama Rigoberto Zetina , Burela Ángel Capetillo , López Juan Antonio López , López Gilbert Fresh López
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Soil preparation is definitely one of the most critical and costly agricultural activities for the establishment and subsequent development of crops in any production system. The importance is based on preserving the planting site in conditions that are favourable for crop yields. At present in our country, conventional tillage with disc plows is mostly used for primary or deep tillage of the soil, which shows the urgent need for the development of technologies to reduce the loss and degradation of this invaluable resource. The search for solutions to this problem in soil preparation has led to the study and adoption of conservation tillage practices, including vertical tillage (VT), in order to reduce the impact on the environment and especially on soil resources. It is convenient to point out that the VT is a conservation tillage alternative that promotes energy saving and improves physical properties compared to conventional tillage. The objective of the present work was to develop a prototype of a mechanical implement to remove hard soil layers, using the parameters of vertical tillage and the critical depth theory; capable of reducing fuel consumption and effective tillage time by up to 50%, in addition to improving the quality of tillage and some physical parameters of the soil compared to conventional tillage applied with disc plow. The results show the development of a prototype for deep tillage that removes hard soil layers. This equipment uses a plow with five rigid chisels with narrow tips and the combined effect of design and operating parameters. This deep tillage implement does not invert the soil and subsequently requires a harrow cross pass. Likewise, this technology represents savings in fuel consumption and effective operating time of up to 50% per hectare depending on site conditions.
Significance of Urban-Rural Programs for Disaster-Resilient and Sustainable Water Systems in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Poudel Namita , Shaw Rajib
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Globally, peri-urban and rural areas play a significant role in supplying water to urban areas while fostering interconnections through various mechanisms. Many cities worldwide provide diverse forms of support to peri-urban and rural areas in exchange for water resources, creating mutual benefits for both sides. However, these connections are often disrupted during disasters, leading to significant challenges within society. To ensure a resilient and sustainable water system, it is crucial to understand the resilience status of communities and tailor services accordingly. This research focused on the impact of disasters on water systems in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, a South Asian country situated between India and China. Using a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA framework, three key findings emerged. First, urbanization is identified as a primary driver of water scarcity in the Kathmandu Valley. Second, the sustainability of urban-rural water systems is significantly enhanced when supported by well-designed benefit-sharing programs. Third, assessing the disaster resilience of water systems is vital for developing integrated strategies that establish sustainable urban-rural linkages. Additionally, this research identifies a critical gap in the existing literature: the underlying factors within urbanization that exacerbate water scarcity remain underexplored. While current studies emphasize the importance of benefit-sharing programs for urban-rural water systems, however few only directly address disaster resilience, despite its critical importance given the unpredictable nature of disasters. Measuring disaster resilience is crucial for devising strategies that integrate benefit-sharing programs with disaster preparedness to ensure the continuity of water systems during a disaster. In conclusion, this research highlights the urgent need for further research into the interplay between urban-rural, disaster resilience, and water systems. By addressing these gaps, future studies can contribute to the development of comprehensive strategies for sustainable water resource management in disaster-prone regions.
Vital Measurement of Population Quality of Life
Authors: LIBANOVA Е. , GLADUN О.
Published: February 2025

Background. The quality of life (QoL) of the population determines the economic and social (including demographic) behavior of the population. It is a complex concept that has its objective and subjective dimensions. Components of the objective measurement are the individual income of the population and the income of the state. The level of the development of an individual can be determined by the level of education (or the number of years of education). The overall indicator of the country's development is the life expectancy of its citizens. Aim. To investigate at the state level the interrelationship and interdependence of such characteristics of the QoL as the level of income, education, and life expectancy. Information Base and Methods. As an information base, we used the data from international organizations (the United Nations, the World Bank, the World Health Organization, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine) and the specialized database on mortality (Human Mortality Database) and applied general scientific and statistical research methods. Results. The relationship between life expectancy at birth and the duration of education and domestic national income was established based on the analysis of the data of 2022 for 193 countries. The conditionality of cancer mortality from the QoL was identified. Three groups of European countries different in terms of both the QoL and the level of cancer mortality were distinguished. In these groups, the specifics of the distribution of cancer-related mortality by gender and age was analyzed. Conclusions. The results of the study evidence that the mortality rate of the population depends on the quality of its life, in particular, well-being and education. The increase in well-being is reflected in the increase in the specific part of those who died from cancer. However, these deaths will peak later, ultimately contributing to population growth.
Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosome Mimetics as Natural Nanocarriers for In Vitro Delivery of Chemotherapeutics to Thyroid Cancer Cells
Authors: ZHU L. , AHN B-C.
Published: February 2025

Background. Exosomes have become a potential field of nanotechnology for the treatment and identification of many disorders. However, the generation of exosomes is a difficult, time-consuming, and low-yielding procedure. At the same time, exosome mimetics (EM) resemble exosomes in their characteristics but have higher production yields. The aim of this study was to produce natural killer (NK) cell-derived EM (NKEM) loaded with sorafenib and test their killing ability against thyroid cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods. Sorafenib was loaded into NKEM by mixing sorafenib with NK cells during NKEM production (NKEM-S). Then, these two types of nanoparticles were characterized with nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to measure their sizes. In addition, the cellular uptake and in vitro killing effect of NKEM-S on thyroid cancer cell lines were investigated using confocal laser microscopy and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) techniques. Results. The uptake of NKEM and NKEM-S by the thyroid cancer cells was observed. Moreover, BLI confirmed the killing and anti-proliferation effect of NKEM-S on two thyroid cancer cell lines. Especially important, the NKEM-S demonstrated a desirable killing effect even for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. Conclusion. Sorafenib-loaded NKEM showed the ability to kill thyroid cancer cells in vitro, even against ATC. This provides a new opportunity for drug delivery systems and thyroid cancer treatment.
Concerning Modern System Biology Materials Discussed at the Scientific Conference «Assessment of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients Covered in Experimental and Clinical Oncology Publications: Challenges and Opportunities», October 3-4, 2024, Kyiv, Ukraine
Authors: KASHUBA E.
Published: February 2025

The Conference was organized on the initiative of the R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the State Institution “SP Grigoriev Institute of Medical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, and public organizations “National Association of Oncologists of Ukraine” and “Ukrainian Society for Cancer Research”. The cancer patient’s health and the quality of life (QoL) was put in the focus of this conference. Various edges of cancer research were discussed by researchers together with medical doctors, clinical scientists, specialists in demography, economics, law, and the general public.
Comparative Analysis of Double Layer Profiles between Two – Temperature Non-Isothermal and Isothermal Electron Plasmas
Authors: Chattopadhyay S.
Published: February 2025

Double layers with a non-linear wave structure have been investigated by the well-known Sagdeev pseudopotential method in a plasma consisting of warm positive ions, warm negative ions, warm positrons, and two-temperature non-isothermal and isothermal electrons. In this work, the profiles of double layers from Sagdeev potential functions and double layer solutions for small-amplitude double layers between two-temperature non-isothermal and twotemperature isothermal electron plasmas are studied under a variation of the concentrations of positrons (χ), stream velocities of positive (uio) and negative (ujo) ions, temperatures of positive (σi) and negative (σj) ions, and the concentration of negative ions (njo). The comparative studies of the small-amplitude double layers between two-temperature non-isothermal and two-temperature isothermal electron plasmas show the significant effect of the amplitudes and depth of the potential well. This comparative analysis of double-layer profiles between two-temperature non-isothermal and isothermal electron plasmas explores the differences in double-layer structures in plasma environments with distinct temperature profiles and provides valuable insights that can be applied across various domains in plasma physics.
Pediatric Cholecystectomy Case Volume and Complexity Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Keane Olivia A. , Ourshalimian Shadassa , Ignacio Romeo , Acker Shannon , Jensen Aaron , Lofberg Katrine , Mueller Claudia , Padilla Benjamin E. , Pandya Samir , Rothstein David H. , Russell Katie W. , Smith Caitlin , O’Guinn MaKayla , Ing Madeleine , Floan Sachs Gretchen , Highet Alexandra , Iantorno Stephanie E. , Templeton Lauren R. , Ochoa Brielle , Patwardhan Utsav M. , Peace Alyssa , Schwab Marisa E. , Tran Tina H. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Historically, cholecystectomy was infrequently performed in children. Lifestyle changes, delays in health care access, and increases in childhood obesity occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of these shifts on need for cholecystectomy are poorly understood. We evaluate trends in cholecystectomy case volume among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted for children ages 18 years and younger who underwent cholecystectomy from January 1, 2016, to July 31, 2022, at 10 children’s hospitals. Differences in cholecystectomy case mix and volume before and during the pandemic were identified using bivariate comparisons and interrupted time series analysis.

RESULTS

Overall, 4282 children were identified: 2122 before the pandemic and 2160 during the pandemic. Most were female (74.2%) with a median age of 15 years (IQR, 13.0–16.0 years). The proportion of Hispanic (55.0% vs 60.1%; P = .01) patients, body mass index (BMI) (26.0 vs 27.1; P < .001), and obesity (BMI > 30) (30.8% vs 37.4%; P < .001) increased during the pandemic. Predicted monthly case volume increased from 40 to 100 during the pandemic. Patients transferred from an outside hospital increased (21.3% vs 28.5%; P < .001). Significant increases in acute cholecystitis (12.2% vs 17.3%; P < .001), choledocholithiasis (12.8% vs 16.5%; P = .001), gallstone pancreatitis (10.6% vs 12.4%; P = .064), and chronic cholecystitis (1.4% vs 3.2%; P < .001) also occurred. On interrupted time series analysis, change in month-to-month case count significantly increased during the pandemic (Figure 1; P < .001), which persisted after exclusion of transferred patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric cholecystectomy case volume and complexity increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings may be secondary to changes in childhood health, transfer patterns, and shifts in access, highlighting an increased health care burden on children’s hospitals.