bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Special Places and Protected Spaces: Historical and Global Perspectives on Non-National Parks in Canada and Abroad
Authors: Carlson Keith Thor , Clapperton Jonathan
Published: September 2012

In October 2010, a group of scholars representing a variety of disciplines gathered to discuss the history of non-national parks in Canada and beyond. The following introduction draws together common threads tying the articles making up this collection together and arrives at some conclusions surrounding the history of non-national parks. Specifically we contend: 1) heterogeneous jurisdictional control seems to produce heterogeneous parks; 2) park creation and management, by definition, are exercises in boundary maintenance - rhetorics of inclusivity ignore the reality of exclusion; and 3) non-national parks are expected to provide economic return as much as preserve ecological/heritage value. We then suggest possible avenues for future research. To address some of these issues, the greater part of this atypically long introduction provides an analysis of recent non-Native attempts to understand Aboriginal epistemologies surrounding environmental protection and protected areas strategies.
Demonstration Wildlife: Negotiating the Animal Landscape of Vancouver's Stanley Park, 1888-1996
Authors: Kheraj Sean
Published: September 2012

Since 1931, Canada has been a majority urban society with most of its population concentrated in a handful of southern cities. Given the urban character of Canadian society in the twentieth century, histories of large city parks, such as Stanley Park in Vancouver, BC, illustrate the changing relationship between people and wild animals in Canada because they represent local, regular encounters with a diverse range of animal species. The histories of local and regional parks in Canada reveal that human relations with wildlife were not limited to occasional, and sometimes fleeting, encounters in large national parks, distant from major population centres. As this article argues, the everyday interactions between people and animals within shared urban environments also influenced Canadian perceptions of wildlife and the management of park animals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Park animal management policies and attitudes toward the place of animals in parks were not always informed by imagined, idealised concepts about wildlife from a distance but were shaped and changed over time according to local concerns and regular interactions between people and animals living in a shared environment.Over the course of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, humanâ€"animal relations on the Stanley Park peninsula shifted according to prevailing notions of â€˜improvementâ€™ and landscape modification current in the North American parks and later environmental movements. Prior to 1945, Park Board animal management policies embodied the perception that human modification of the animal composition of the park was a necessary improvement for the pleasure of tourists and other park visitors. After 1945, the Park Board moved away from such interventionist policies and began instead to foster habitat to establish sanctuaries for wildlife observation.
Desolate Viewscapes: Sliammon First Nation, Desolation Sound Marine Park and Environmental Narratives
Authors: Clapperton Jonathan
Published: September 2012

Desolation Sound Marine Park, just over ninety miles north of Vancouver, British Columbia, has been immortalised as a yachterâ€™s paradise and a kayaking wilderness. BC Parks and tourist ventures describe the area as a pristine, uninhabited utopia removed from human interference. Such a portrayal is far from accurate. Indigenous peoples have occupied and altered this environment for millennia and forestry and mariculture are ongoing. This paper focuses on the tension between the lived reality of the Sliammon (Tla'amin) First Nation and the dominant construction of Desolation Sound as uninhabited wilderness, recreational area and protected space. Engaging with subaltern and postcolonial theory, I argue that viewscapes of Desolation Sound represent a microcosm of power relations in flux between competing dominant, colonial and subaltern, indigenous cultural constructions of the non-human environment in British Columbia. Specifically, Natives and newcomers here were (and remain) involved in a competition over who controls a master discourse of what made a 'desirable desolation', and by extension where, how and even if, different peoples fit into this space.
Chromosomal analysis of Breeding bulls using lymphocyte culture
Authors: Patel D J , Patel A J , Patel R K , Parekh P R
Published: September 2012

Chromosomal aberrations or abnormal karyotypes could be one reason for reproductive failure in breeding bulls. The objective of the study was to detect chromosomal abnormalities and their relation with fertility problem in cattle and water   buffalo breeding bulls. Blood samples were collected from 30 buffalo bulls and 23 Holstein or Holstein-Friesian cross bred bulls for lymphocyte culture. No gross chromosomal abnormality was detected. However, a few samples exhibited polyploidy, premature centromeric division, chromosomal fragmentation, aneuploid cells, fragile site, chromatid gaps or breaks. These aberrations were not consistent feature in a particular animal; therefore, the aberrations may not have obvious effects on fertility. However, such   aberrations should be scored in regular screening as a high percentage of such abnormalities can be associated with reduced fertility. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i1.11885 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 1, 17-21
THE LONG-RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLATION AND REAL STOCK PRICES: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Arjoon Riona , Botes Mariëtte , Chesang Laban K. , Gupta Rangan
Published: September 2012

The existing literature on the theoretical relationship between the rate of inflation and real stock prices in an economy has shown varied predictions about the long run effects of inflation on real stock prices. In this paper, we present some time series evidence on this issue using South African data, by applying the structural bivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology proposed by King and Watson (1997). Our empirical results provide considerable support of the view that, in the long run real stock prices are invariant to permanent changes in the rate of inflation. The impulse responses reveal a positive real stock price response to a permanent inflation shock in the long run, indicating that any deviations in short run real stock prices will be corrected towards the long run value. It is therefore concluded that inflation does not lower the real value of stocks in South Africa, at least in the long run.
Accéder à la littératie par l'écriture créative
Authors: Perdriault Marguerite
Published: September 2012

L’écriture créative pourrait constituer une voie d’accès au monde de l’écrit, en particulier pour les élèves handicapés dans le milieu ordinaire, mais aussi dans les établissements spécialisés. Elle constitue en soi une adaptation, en ce sens qu’elle refuse de se focaliser sur les difficultés de ces élèves pour leur offrir une aventure dans la langue et dans la vie collective. Par un projet d’écriture, des élèves malades, en situation de handicap moteur, porteurs de troubles des fonctions cognitives, ou encore de troubles des apprentissages améliorent leurs compétences et gagnent en liberté.
Law, Architecture, Gameplay, and Marketing
Authors: Wasilko Peter J.
Published: September 2012

This chapter introduces readers to a broad range of legal issues relevant to game designers and developers touching such topics as intellectual property protection, player disputes, employment, licensing, and taxation. It provides an overview of relevant law, but primarily focuses on how to bring legal considerations into game design, software development, and business planning so as to minimize one’s legal risk. The Principle of Severability is also highlighted as a way to increase users’ willingness to contribute content; it is then extended to offer guidance in setting up a Litigation Savvy Development process.
Advancement on Damage-Less Watermark Extraction Using Non-Linear Feature Extraction Scheme Trained on Frequency Domain
Authors: Naoe Kensuke , Takefuji Yoshiyasu
Published: September 2012

The proposed method contributes to secure image digital watermarking for content identification without damaging or losing any detailed data of visual images. The features of our proposed method employ an application to authenticate multimedia, similarity comparison, verification of image integrity and copyright protection of multimedia contents.
Improving the Information Security of Collaborative Web Portals via Fine-Grained Role-Based Access Control
Authors: Demurjian S. , Ren H. , Berhe S. , Devineni M. , Vegad Sushil , Polineni K.
Published: September 2012

Collaborative portals are emerging as a viable technology to allow groups of individuals to easily author, create, update, and share content via easy-to-use Web-based interfaces, for example, MediaWiki, Microsoft’s Sharepoint, and so forth. From a security perspective, these products are often limited and coarse grained in their authorization and authentication. For example, in a Wiki, the security model is often at two ends of the spectrum: anonymous users with no authorization and limited access via read-only browsing vs. registered users with full-range of access and limited oversight in content creation and modification. However, in practice, such full and unfettered access may not be appropriate for all users and for all applications, particularly as the collaborative technology moves into commercial usage (where copyright and intellectual property are vital) or sensitive domains such as healthcare (which have stringent HIPAA requirements). In this chapter, we report on our research and development effort of a role-based access control for collaborative Web portals that encompasses and realizes security at the application level, the document level (authoring and viewing), and the look-and-feel of the portal itself.
Massively Threaded Digital Forensics Tools
Authors: Marziale Lodovico , Movva Santhi , Richard Golden G. , Roussev Vassil , Schwiebert Loren
Published: September 2012

Digital forensics comprises the set of techniques to recover, preserve, and examine digital evidence, and has applications in a number of important areas, including investigation of child exploitation, identity theft, counter-terrorism, and intellectual property disputes. Digital forensics tools must exhaustively examine and interpret data at a low level, because data of evidentiary value may have been deleted, partially overwritten, obfuscated, or corrupted. While forensics investigation is typically seen as an off-line activity, improving case turnaround time is crucial, because in many cases lives or livelihoods may hang in the balance. Furthermore, if more computational resources can be brought to bear, we believe that preventative network security (which must be performed on-line) and digital forensics can be merged into a common research focus. In this chapter we consider recent hardware trends and argue that multicore CPUs and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) offer one solution to the problem of maximizing available compute resources.
Spread Spectrum Watermarking
Authors: Maity Santi P.
Published: September 2012

Spread spectrum (SS) watermarking has proven to be efficient, robust and cryptographically secure. Each bit of watermark information is embedded over wide spectrum of the host signal based on spectrum spreading concept of SS modulation in digital communication and can easily be integrated with many existing data transmission scheme. This has made SS watermarking method more attractive during recent times for many non-conventional applications such as broadcast monitoring, security in communication, authentication and blind assessment of quality of services (QoS) for multimedia signals in mobile radio network. These applications essentially demand development of low cost algorithms so that they can be implemented on real time system through hardware realization. Hardware realization offers advantages over software realization in terms of less area, low execution time, low power, real-time performance, high reliability and also ease of integration with existing consumer electronics devices. This chapter first presents a brief review on hardware implementation of digital watermarking algorithms, followed by development of hardware architecture for spatial domain and fast Walsh transform (FWT) domain SS watermark system design using field programmable gate array (FPGA). A brief sketch on hardware implementation for biorthogonal wavelet based Hilbert transform is also shown that may be extended to design SS watermarking based on the concept of two previous architectures. Few challenges for hardware design of watermarking algorithms are then mentioned with an objective to give an idea how to develop watermarking algorithms so that it can be implemented on hardware. The chapter ends with few open research problems on hardware architecture as scope of future research work.
Practical Experiences and Design Considerations on Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ansari Junaid , Zhang Xi , Mähönen Petri
Published: September 2012

In this chapter, the practical and experimental aspects of medium access control protocol design for wireless sensor networks are discussed. We outline the basic design principles of medium access control procedures and the general development trends from the perspective of real world implementations. We take into account especially energy consumption and latency requirements. We share our experiences gained in practical research and pre-commercial projects, wherein we have been tackling issues such as traffic awareness, coexistence of different protocols, spectrum agility for wireless sensor networks and porting of MAC-layers to different platforms. The contemporary focuses on medium access control design such as cross-layer approaches, multi-radio based protocols and radio wake-up based medium access solutions are also covered in this chapter.
Considering the Role of E-Government in Cybercrime Awareness and Prevention
Authors: Miller J. Mitchell , Higgins George E. , Lopez Kristina M.
Published: September 2012

Cybercrime has exponentially increased in recent years as an unavoidable byproduct of greater internet use, generally, and presents a wide range of criminal threats to large companies and individuals alike. While cyber offenses (e.g., cyberharassment, cyberstalking, identity theft, and intellectual property theft) and their address have been examined across diverse academic disciplines including criminology, electrical engineering, sociology, and computer science, minimal consideration has been given to the role of e-government in combating cybercrime – a somewhat ironic oversight given the computerized context of both. After reviewing the nature of cybercrime, this chapter considers e-government policies addressing cybercrime awareness, prevention, and victimization services. Discussion centers on the prospects for cybercrime theoretical research program development toward best practices public policy.
The Project of the Ancient Spanish Cartography E-Library
Authors: Chías P. , Abad T. , Rivera E.
Published: September 2012

The Council of the European Union is developing some strategies about the European Digital Libraries considered as a common multilingual access point to Europe’s digital cultural heritage. Our project of a digital cartographic database accessed through GIS looks for the integration of digital technologies with the cartographic heritage providing new approaches to, and new audiences for the history of cartography. The online presence of this cartographic material will be a rich source of raw material to be re-used in different sectors and for different purposes and technological developments; but we must also afford some legal challenges because digitisation presupposes making a copy, which can be problematic in view of intellectual property rights (IPR). As the transparency and clarification of the copyright status of works is very relevant to us, those legal challenges and their solutions will be the main subjects of this chapter.
Trustworthiness of Pervasive Healthcare Folders
Authors: Allard Tristan , Anciaux Nicolas , Bouganim Luc , Pucheral Philippe , Thion Romuald
Published: September 2012

During the last decade, many countries launched ambitious Electronic Health Record (EHR) programs with the objective to increase the quality of care while decreasing its cost. Pervasive healthcare aims itself at making healthcare information securely available anywhere and anytime, even in disconnected environments (e.g., at patient home). Current server-based EHR solutions badly tackle disconnected situations and fail in providing ultimate security guarantees for the patients. The solution proposed in this chapter capitalizes on a new hardware device combining a secure microcontroller (similar to a smart card chip) with a large external Flash memory on a USB key form factor. Embedding the patient folder as well as a database system and a web server in such a device gives the opportunity to manage securely a healthcare folder in complete autonomy. This chapter proposes also a new way of personalizing access control policies to meet patient’s privacy concerns with minimal assistance of practitioners. While both proposals are orthogonal, their integration in the same infrastructure allows building trustworthy pervasive healthcare folders.
Fair Use, Copyright, and Academic Integrity in an Online Academic Environment
Authors: Holloway Kristine
Published: September 2012

Technology has changed the way Fair Use is determined in an educational environment. Administrators face issues of ownership and copyright when making instructional materials available electronically. Planning for copyright issues, negotiating fair contracts with faculty and vendors, collaborating with stakeholders, and re-thinking Fair Use policies for online learning must occur when transitioning to an electronic library. Instructors and school leaders must understand Fair Use and the legal issues involved. They must deal with issues of academic integrity in an electronic environment and offer instruction on how to avoid student and faculty miss-use of materials. Ownership of intellectual property should be clearly defined to avoid conflict between online instructors and administration. Administrators must understand fair use and copyright issues and create policies and plans for dealing with issues that will inevitably arise as they work with course materials, faculty, and students in an online environment.
Intellectual Property Issues for Digital Libraries at the Intersection of Law, Technology, and the Public Interest
Authors: Kallinikou Dionysia , Papadopoulos Marinos , Kaponi Alexandra , Strakantouna Vassiliki
Published: September 2012

The development of Digital libraries and repositories, a worldwide vision with enormous political and ideological importance for humanity, in an effort to approach cultures and preserve plurality and diversity, is directly affected by the provisions of Intellectual Property Law and is subject to the consideration of innovation through legislation. Legal issues such as these related to software use, database protection, the collection, digitization, archiving, and distribution of protected works are of outmost importance for the operation and viability of Digital libraries and repositories. In this chapter, the authors focus upon some of these legal issues and consider an alternative proposal in respect of Intellectual Property law for open access to creative works furnished to the public through Digital libraries and repositories. The alternative proposal pertains to the use of the Creative Commons licenses as a legal means to enhance Openness for Digital libraries.
Patent Infringement Risk Analysis Using Rough Set Theory
Authors: Huang Chun-Che , Tseng Tzu-Liang (Bill) , Lin Hao-Syuan
Published: September 2012

Patent infringement risk is a significant issue for corporations due to the increased appreciation of intellectual property rights. If a corporation gives insufficient protection to its patents, it may loss both profits from product, and industry competitiveness. Many studies on patent infringement have focused on measuring the patent trend indicators and the patent monetary value. However, very few studies have attempted to develop a categorization mechanism for measuring and evaluating the patent infringement risk, for example, the categorization of the patent infringement cases, then to determine the significant attributes and introduce the infringement decision rules. This study applies Rough Set Theory (RST), which is suitable for processing qualitative information to induce rules to derive significant attributes for categorization of the patent infringement risk. Moreover, through the use of the concept hierarchy and the credibility index, it can be integrated with RST and then enhance application of the finalized decision rules.
The Trouble with Digital Copies
Authors: Pagallo Ugo
Published: September 2012

This chapter analyzes some of the most relevant ethical issues and social dilemmas in knowledge management and organizational innovation, by focusing on a paramount feature of digital technology, which is “copying.” The new ways in which information is produced, distributed, and shared in digital environments have in fact changed crucial aspects of human life. Whereas, most of the time, scholars consider such transformations in connection with the impact of digital copies on copyright law, the aim of the chapter is to widen this perspective by examining data protection as well as file sharing application systems. The new economical scenarios and business models proposed by this copy-based technology suggest new ways for balancing property rights and “the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community.”
Blind Watermarking of Three-Dimensional Meshes
Authors: Wang Kai , Lavoué Guillaume , Denis Florence , Baskurt Atilla
Published: September 2012

Digital watermarking of three-dimensional (3-D) meshes has numerous potential applications and has received more and more attention from both academic researchers and industrial practitioners. This chapter focuses on the study of blind mesh watermarking techniques, which do not need the original cover mesh for watermark extraction and thus have a much larger application range than the non-blind techniques. The authors first review the existing methods proposed so far, by classifying them into three groups: fragile schemes, high-capacity schemes and robust schemes. They then present their recent work on quantization-based blind watermarking of semi-regular meshes. Finally, some future working directions are suggested.
Challenges and Solutions in Multimedia Document Authentication
Authors: Katzenbeisser Stefan , Liu Huajian , Steinebach Martin
Published: September 2012

Multimedia document authentication allows the judging of the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. Today a variety of such tools exist which are constructed using different approaches, namely forensic methods, perceptual hashes and digital watermarks. Digital document forensics identifies the source of a document as well as its integrity by means of passive estimation. Perceptual hashing allows computing of short digests of documents; the hashes are insensitive against some signal processing operations and may serve as proof of integrity. Finally, authentication watermarking even allows gaining precise and reliable knowledge on the nature of modifications that a digital document underwent. In this chapter, we give an overview of the three complementary technologies, survey state-of-the-art methods and provide an analysis of their strength and weaknesses.
Exploring Task-Based Curriculum Development in a Blended-Learning Conversational Chinese Program
Authors: Hill Yao Zhang , Tschudi Stephen L.
Published: September 2012

This paper brings task-based language teaching (TBLT) curriculum development principles into the blended learning context, presenting processes and outcomes from a project to develop a task-based thematic unit — asking and giving directions — in a hybrid web-based university-level class focused on listening and speaking skills in Mandarin Chinese. The authors follow the principled task-based curriculum design phases informed by Long and Crookes (1993) and Long and Norris (2000). Unit-based development made the workload manageable and provided an important experimental space for the instructors to best align task-based principles with online language instruction. First, the context of the project and its theoretical TBLT curriculum development framework are established. The distinct processes of needs analysis, materials development, task sequencing and teaching methods, and assessment methods adopted to meet the special requirements of the class are presented, along with a preliminary formative and summative evaluation of the teaching model. The conclusion discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the project.
Strategic Diffusion of Information and Preference Manipulation
Authors: Di Caprio Debora , Santos-Arteaga Francisco J.
Published: September 2012

This paper bridges the existing gap between the empirical consumer choice literature and the theoretical structures built to account for information manipulation between a sender and a decision maker. The authors define a theoretical structure that allows for the analysis of preference manipulation in multiattribute environments via information multifunctions when the information transmitted is verifiable. A series of examples are provided that illustrate numerically the behaviour and validity of this theoretical structure. A concrete application of this theoretical framework is the possibility for an information sender to induce any predetermined preference relation on a decision maker, and, in particular, how lexicographic preferences can be induced starting from non-lexicographic additive ones.
Optimal Ordering Strategy of a Replenishment Policy for Deteriorating Items under Retailer’s Partial Trade Credit Policy
Authors: Mahata Gour Chandra , Mahata Puspita
Published: September 2012

This paper investigates the economic order quantity inventory model for a retailer under two levels of trade credit to reflect the supply chain management situation. It is assumed that the retailer maintains a powerful position and can obtain full trade credit offered by supplier, yet the retailer just offers the partial trade credit to customers. Under these conditions, the retailer can obtain the most benefits. This study also investigates the retailer’s inventory policy for deteriorating items in a supply chain management situation as a cost minimization problem. The present study shows that the annual total variable cost for the retailer is convex, that is, a unique solution exists. Mathematical theorems and algorithms are developed to efficiently determine the optimal inventory policy for the retailer. The results in this paper generalize some already published results. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theorems and obtain managerial phenomena.
Retailer’s Ordering Policy in a Supply Chain when Demand is Price and Credit Period Dependent
Authors: Jaggi Chandra K. , Kausar Amrina
Published: September 2012

Trade credit is a well established promotional tool in the present competitive world and its impact on demand cannot be ignored. Businesses often use trade credit to increase their market share and, in turn, the profit. Undoubtedly, trade credit plays a great role in increasing the demand but it also involves a great risk of non-payment. In order to reduce the risk of non-payment, businessman at times use a partial trade credit policy in which they demand a certain percentage of the total amount from the customer at the time of purchase and offers the credit for the remaining amount. Furthermore, it is also observed that the demand of FMCG is highly price sensitive. In order to see the effect of credit and price together, on demand, the retailer’s demand is taken as a function of price and credit period. Moreover it is assumed that the supplier offers the full credit to the retailer but the retailer passes a partial credit to customers. The inventory model, determines the optimal replenishment time, credit period, and price for the retailer that maximizes profit. Numerical examples have been provided to support the model followed by the comprehensive sensitivity analysis.
Cost Framework for Evaluation of Information Technology Alternatives in Supply Chain
Authors: Pathak Jagdish , Vidyarthi Navneet
Published: September 2012

Organizations are often facing the problem of determining the degree of investment in building information links with their suppliers and buyers to reduce costs, lead times, and quality problems, improve timely customized delivery, increase asset utilization, and improve corporate profitability. One of the critical enablers for an efficient and effective supply chain is timely planning and information processing across the entire value-added chain. This paper presents an analytical model for selecting the right mix of analytical software and hardware alternatives at various planning and execution levels of an organization to remain competitive in a supply chain. Factors such as quality, reliability, flexibility, timeliness and organizational compatibility have been quantified into cost components that form the weighted cost function. The weights of the various cost components of software and hardware are derived from pair-wise comparison. These weights account for the relative importance of alternative supply chain strategies for an organization. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework and exhibit the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms.
Effectiveness of Inter-Organizational Systems in Global Manufacturing
Authors: Leu Jun-Der , Huang Yu-Tsung , Huang Li-Ting
Published: September 2012

Enterprise Information Systems, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, have been applied to integrate business processes within a global manufacturing enterprise. Recently, the inter-organizational systems are applied to assist in business data sharing and collaboration among enterprises based on the ERP application. However, their resource requirements and failure rates are high, and many enterprises are concerned about the Business-to-Business (B2B) effectiveness. In this research, the authors study global manufacturing enterprises, which developed their B2B systems with Taiwanese government sponsorship successfully. B2B effectiveness is evaluated through operational efficiency and profitability, while the business scale, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) induced supplier numbers, and application scope are considered influencing factors. After the evidence of multiple regression models and non-parametric statistic testing, the results show that only the application scope has a significant impact on profitability. The authors discuss these results from the perspective of enterprise integration as well as the system application scope and give suggestions to global manufacturing enterprises that want to apply inter-organizational systems.
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Authors: Ioannou Myria
Published: September 2012

The considerable value of CRM is well documented in the literature, and it is further exemplified in today’s highly turbulent, competitive, and fragmented markets. Nevertheless, the conceptualisation and operationalisation of CRM remains an area of intense debate, and hence, by reviewing and synthesising literature from the various relational research traditions, the chapter offers a critical perspective as to what customer relationships are and discusses the conditions under which relationships can flourish. To this end, the chapter discusses the conditions, which are conducive to relationship building, highlights the different forms that customer relationships may assume as well as their distinct developmental paths, and offers a number of recommendations to enhance relational efforts.
Sustainability and the UK’s Major Food Retailers
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne , Hillier David
Published: September 2012

‘Consumers are increasingly concerned about their own environmental impacts, those of the products they buy and those of the companies at which they shop. These concerns focus on physical impacts such as global warming and on broader social issues such as how their purchasing actions and choices affect the livelihoods of people in other countries’ (Global Coca Cola Retail Research Council Forum, 2009, p. 5).
Brand-Led Transformation
Authors: Massa Pier M.
Published: September 2012

Customer centric strategies are often conceived and developed within marketing departments of organizations. The marketing team, leveraging a keen understanding of the latest theories on effective marketing management and consumer behaviour, often does an outstanding job initiating new customer centric thrusts within organizations. However, to be truly successful, these strategies must flow from and build upon the company brand and be operationalized across the entire enterprise. Brand-led customer centricity must penetrate all aspects of the firm from corporate leadership to staff, and across all customer offers, business plans, projects, processes, and programs of the organization. Only in this way can organizations transform the way the consumer experiences their brand. While most organizations subscribe to the need for customer centricity, the number of companies that consistently and effectively implement such strategies are few. Organizations typically struggle with translating brand-led customer centric strategies into tangible and specific initiatives. This chapter melds a practitioner’s view with current theory and offers pragmatic and proven approaches to translating these strategies into initiatives that drive direct customer and company benefits with successful enterprise-wide outcomes that impact the full business.
Retention and Customer Share Building
Authors: Rabino Samuel , Rafiee Dana , Onufrey Steve , Moskowitz Howard
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this chapter is to examine factors that affect a season ticketholder’s decision to renew membership by focusing on Florida’s Jacksonville Jaguars football franchise. The authors first examine pertinent literature focused on customer satisfaction and relationships and then analyze socio-motivational factors affecting spectator attendance. A conjoint experimental methodology is employed analyzing data collected online from 2721 respondents. The results are used to partition respondents into target groups with similar preferences. These partitions allow the authors to identify the ‘correct’ message and promotional offers to be better communicated to chosen targets. The results offer frontline sales and marketing units of sports teams and a methodology as to how to better communicate and incentivize current season ticketholders to continue to purchase season tickets.
Fabrication of Nanoelectrodes by Cutting Carbon Nanotubes Assembled by Di-Electrophoresis Based on Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Zhao Zengxu , Tian Xiaojun , Dong Zaili , Xu Ke
Published: September 2012

Presented is a new fabrication method for CNT (Carbon NanoTubes) nanoelectrode pairs by combining the DEP (Di-electrophoresis) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) lithography. The single CNT is driven and electrically connected with the microeletrodes by the DEP force,then cut into nanoeletrode pairs with AFM tip. The fabricated CNT nanoeletrode pairs can be used as probes to detect species in micro-environment and applied in electrochemical sensors.
Selective Pick-and-Place of Thin Film by Robotic Micromanipulation
Authors: Sauvet Bruno , Boukhicha Mohamed , Balan Adrian , Hwang Gilgueng , Taverna Dario , Shukla Abhay , Régnier Stéphane
Published: September 2012

Micro-engineering is increasingly interested in the use of thin films with thicknesses of less than 20nm. Before integrating these promising materials into complex Nano Electro Mechanical Systems (NEMS), their properties must be characterized. They must be transferred onto specific substrates for analysis. Current manipulation techniques are not suitable for the transfer of these thin films as they do not allow selection of the parts of the object that must be manipulated, and the quality of the sample is altered by traces of chemical residues. To perform the transfer of a selected thin film without modifying its properties, this paper presents a novel approach based on local gluing. This method has been validated by experiments performed on graphite films. Successful transfers of thin films of 4.2 × 4.7 µm2 to 70 × 12 µm2 with an estimated thickness of between 10 and 40 layers have been demonstrated. Limits of this technique are discussed.
Integration of Symbolic Task Planning into Operations within an Unstructured Environment
Authors: Qiu Renxi , Noyvirt Alexandre , Ji Ze , Soroka Anthony , Li Dayou , Liu Beisheng , Arbeiter Georg , Weisshardt Florian , Xu Shuo
Published: September 2012

To ensure a robot capable of robust task execution in unstructured environments, task planners need to have a high-level understanding of the nature of the world, reasoning for deliberate actions, and reacting to environment changes. Proposed is a practical task planning approach that seamlessly integrating deeper domain knowledge, real time perception and symbolic planning for robot operation. A higher degree of autonomy under unstructured environment will be endowed to the robot with the proposed approach.
An Automated Approach for Adaptive Control Systems
Authors: Khalgui Mohamed , Mosbahi Olfa , Carpanzano Emanuele , Valente Anna
Published: September 2012

The paper deals with adaptive manufacturing systems to be composed of various machines for optimal productions of jobs. The authors assume three types of constraints to be respected: (1) deals with the system’s performance which is related to productivity rates and should be kept acceptable as much as possible, (2) deals with the energy consumption which should be kept stable or minimal, and (3) deals with emissions of CO2 which should be kept minimal for future systems. They define a reconfiguration scenario as any operation allowing addition and/or removals of jobs and/or machines to/from production lines for safety when faults occur. To meet all fixed constraints, the authors propose an agent-based architecture where an intelligent software agent is defined to evaluate the whole system’s architecture after any reconfiguration scenario, and to define useful technical solutions when constraints are violated. It suggests run-time modifications of productivity rates and/or realization times of jobs and/or also removals of some jobs according to well-defined constraints. The users supervising the production lines can dynamically accept or reject these solutions according to production business strategies and also some other constraints. The authors apply the paper’s contribution to a formal drilling manufacturing platform, and to the footwear factory of ITIA-CNR.
Stenosis of a Reconstructed Aorta Caused a Paradoxical Diastolic Pressure Gradient after Norwood Operation
Authors: Masutani Satoshi , Saiki Hirofumi , Ishido Hirotaka , Senzaki Hideaki
Published: September 2012

An infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome showed paroxysmal episodes of bradycardia, hypotension, and hypoxemia upon crying after modified Norwood operation. Echocardiography showed decreased right ventricular ejection with grade III tricuspid regurgitation, a markedly enlarged aortic arch, and accelerated blood flow distal to the enlarged aorta. Aortography demonstrated an aneurysmal neo-aorta with an apple-shaped appearance. The pressure measurements revealed intriguing aortic hemodynamics: the diastolic pressure of the ascending aorta was lower than that of the descending aorta (42 mmHg vs. 52 mmHg) despite no systolic pressure gradient. Markedly reduced compliance in the ascending aorta relative to that in the descending aorta, which was suggested by the difference in time constant of aortic pressure decay, may explain this hemodynamics. Impaired coronary circulation caused by lowered diastolic pressure in ascending aorta was indicated by reduced subendocardial viability ratio, and may account for her symptom and lowered ventricular ejection. The patient's condition was indeed significantly improved by surgical correction of the aortic shape. This case highlights the importance of aortic shape and properties after Norwood operation.
Explanation of the Insulin Paradox from the Evolutionary Point of View
Authors: Koshiyama Hiroyuki
Published: September 2012

No abstract supplied by author
Perspectives on the Knowledge-Based Society. An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Rockett Katharine
Published: September 2012

Knowledge exchange, innovation policy, and international trade flows are key aspects of the knowledge-based economy. In her introduction to the special issue on The Knowledge-Based Society: Transition, Geography, and Competition Policy the author briefly reviews these aspects. She begins with spillovers, emphasising the effects that drive the variety of results in this literature, and their role in a model of research joint venture formation among asymmetric partners. She then moves on to the linkages between universities and industry, underlining the diversity of these linkages and their goals. She discusses the interaction among innovative skills, minimum quality standards, and patent protection, noting how these generate welfare outcomes that vary with industry innovative skill levels. Finally, the author examines threshold effects in the relation between innovation and exports.
A Directional-Change Event Approach for Studying Financial Time Series
Authors: Aloud Monira , Tsang Edward , Olsen Richard , Dupuis Alexandre
Published: September 2012

Financial markets witness high levels of activity at certain times but remain calm at others. This makes the flow of physical time discontinuous. Therefore, to use physical time scales for studying financial time series runs the risk of missing important activities. An alternative approach is to use an event-based time scale that captures periodic activities in the market. In this paper, the authors use a special type of event, called a directional-change event, and show its usefulness in capturing periodic market activities. The study confirms that the length of the price-curve coastline, as defined by directional-change events, turns out to be a long one.
On the observed response of ozone to NOx and VOC reactivity reductions in San Joaquin Valley California 1995–present
Authors: Pusede S. E. , Cohen R. C.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We describe the effects of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and organic reactivity reductions on the frequency of high ozone days in California's San Joaquin Valley. We use sixteen years of observations of ozone, nitrogen oxides, and temperature at sites upwind, within, and downwind of three cities to assess the probability of exceeding the California 8-h average ozone standard of 70.4 ppb at each location. The comprehensive data records in the region and the steep decreases in emissions over the last decade are sufficient to constrain the relative import of NOx and organic reactivity reductions on the frequency of violations. We show that high ozone has a large component that is due to local production, as the probability of exceeding the state standard is lowest for each city at the upwind site, increases in the city center, is highest at downwind locations, and then decreases at the receptor city to the south. We see that reductions in organic reactivity have been very effective in the central and northern regions of the San Joaquin but less so in the southern portion of the Valley. We find evidence for two distinct categories of reactivity sources: one source that has decreased and dominates at moderate temperatures, and a second source that dominates at high temperatures, particularly in the southern San Joaquin, and has not changed over the last twelve years. We show that NOx reductions are already effective or are poised to become so in the southern and central Valley, where violations are most frequent, as conditions in these regions have or are transitioning to NOx-limited chemistry when temperatures are hottest and high ozone most probable.
Source apportionment of particles at Station Nord, North East Greenland during 2008–2010 using COPREM and PMF analysis
Authors: Nguyen Q. T. , Skov H. , Sørensen L. L. , Jensen B. J. , Grube A. G. , Massling A. , Glasius M. , Nøjgaard J. K.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. In order to develop strategies for controlling and reducing Arctic air pollution, there is a need to understand the basic mechanisms for determining the fate of air pollution in the Arctic. Sources of atmospheric particles at Station Nord (81°36' N, 16°40' W) in North East Greenland were evaluated for a two-year period from March 2008 to February 2010. Source apportionment using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and COnstrained Physical Receptor Model (COPREM) was based on measurements of black carbon, elements (Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb) and inorganic ions (SO2, SO42−, Na+, NH4+, NO3−, Cl−). In general, source apportionment results by PMF and COPREM showed good agreement. Five sources adequately explained the measurements, which included a Marine and a Soil source of natural origin and three additional anthropogenic sources, which were all influenced by metal industries. One anthropogenic source was dominated by Zn of which air mass back trajectories using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model suggested a Canadian Arctic origin, despite certain influences from southern and eastern origins. Another anthropogenic source was characterised by high concentrations of Pb and As, which has been historically referred to as a Combustion source at Station Nord. The impacts of large-scale industry in Siberia, Russia were evident through high Cu concentrations in both the Combustion source and an additional Cu/Ni source. Br correlated well with the anthropogenic species S and Pb though the elements are unlikely to have a common origin. More likely, sulphuric acid aerosols serve as transport containers for Br species of marine or local origin. Of particular relevance to climate, sources of black carbon were identified to be mainly anthropogenic and most probably of Siberian origin (80–98%).