bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Boron on Crystallization and Microstructure of Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Dojka R. , Studnicki A.
Published: July 2017

The objective of the research was to determine the influence of boron on the crystallization process and microstructure of ductile cast iron. In the case of ductile cast iron it is a vital issue because even as little as trace presence of boron changes the properties of ductile cast iron in a significant way. With the use of a new ATD-4 (TDA) tester and CRYSTALDIGRPAH converter it was possible to measure the crystallization process parameters of the same alloy with four different contents of boron in one mould. Four samples with different boron contents were extracted, their microhardness was measured and quantitative analysis of microstructure was conducted. Obtained results allowed to state that with increasing content of boron the amount of graphite precipitates decreases, the amount of pearlite precipitates increases, the shape of graphite precipitates deteriorates and hardness increases. It is also planned to perform additional testings with boron contents between previously tested values.
Ultrasonic Inspection Techniques Possibilities for Centrifugal Cast Copper Alloy
Authors: Konar R. , Mician M.
Published: July 2017

The article deals with ultrasonic testing possibilities of the copper alloy centrifugal casts. It focused on the problems that arise when testing of castings is made of non-ferrous materials. Most common types of casting defects is dedicated in theoretical introduction of article. Ultrasonic testing technique by conventional ultrasound system is described in the theoretical part too. Practical ultrasonic testing of centrifugal copper alloy cast - brass is in experimental part. The experimental sample was part of centrifugally cast brass ring with dimensions of Ø1200x34 mm. The influence of microstructure on ultrasonic attenuation and limitations in testing due to attenuation is describes in experimental part. Conventional direct single element contact ultrasound probe with frequencies of 5 MHz, 3.5 MHz and 2 MHz were used for all experimental measurements. The results of experimental part of article are recommendations for selecting equipment and accessories for casting testing made of non-ferrous metals.
Role of the Structural and Thermal Peclet Numbers in the Brass Continuous Casting
Authors: Kwapisiński P. , Lipnicki Z. , Ivanova A. A. , Wołczyński W.
Published: July 2017

The Structural Peclet Number has been estimated experimentally by analyzing the morphology of the continuously cast brass ingots. It allowed to adapt a proper development of the Ivantsov’s series in order to formulate the Growth Law for the columnar structure formation in the brass ingots solidified in stationary condition. Simultaneously, the Thermal Peclet Number together with the Biot, Stefan, and Fourier Numbers is used in the model describing the heat transfer connected with the so-called contact layer (air gap between an ingot and crystallizer). It lead to define the shape and position of the s/l interface in the brass ingot subjected to the vertical continuous displacement within the crystallizer (in gravity). Particularly, a comparison of the shape of the simulated s/l interface at the axis of the continuously cast brass ingot with the real shape revealed at the ingot axis is delivered. Structural zones in the continuously cast brass ingot are revealed: FC - fine columnar grains, C - columnar grains, E - equiaxed grains, SC - single crystal situated axially.
Influence of Soaking Parameters on the Segregation and Corrosion Resistance of GJS-X350NiMnCu7-3-2 Ductile Iron
Authors: Medyński D. , Janus A. , Stachowicz M.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the effect of changes the parameters of heat treatment on the structure and the degree of elements segregation was determined, in the context of corrosion resistance of ductile iron Ni-Mn-Cu, containing 7.2% Ni, 2.6% Mn and 2.4% Cu. In the condition after casting, castings of austenitic matrix and 160HBW hardness were obtained. The achieved castings were soaked at 450, 550 and 650°C for 4, 8 and 12 hours, then cooled down at the ambient air. In most cases, the heat treatment resulted in a change in the castings matrix, had the consequence of increasing their hardness in comparison to raw castings. Increasing the temperature and prolonging soaking time resulted in increasing the degree of transformation of austenite, while reducing the degree of elements segregation. This led to the formation of slightly bigger number of pitting due to corrosion, but not so deep and more evenly distributed in comparison to raw castings. Wherein the results of corrosion tests show that heat treatment of castings did not significantly change their corrosion resistance in comparison to raw castings, in contrast to the significant increase in mechanical properties.
The Influence of Using Different Types of Risers or Chills on Shrinkage Production for Different Wall Thickness for Material EN-GJS-400-18LT
Authors: Vasková I. , Conev M. , Hrubovčáková M.
Published: July 2017

In modern times, there are increasing requirements for products quality in every part of manufacturing industry and in foundry industry it is not different. That is why a lot of foundries are researching, how to effectively produce castings with high quality. This article is dealing with search of the influence of using different types of risers or chills on shrinkage cavity production in ductile iron castings. Differently shaped risers were designed using the Wlodawer’s modulus method and test castings were poured with and without combination of chills. Efficiency of used risers and chills was established by the area of created shrinkage cavity using the ultrasound nondestructive method. There are introduced the production process of test castings and results of ultrasound nondestructive reflective method. The object of this work is to determine an optimal type of riser or chill for given test casting in order to not use overrated risers and thus increase the cost effectiveness of the ductile iron castings production.
The Effect of Viscosity and Heterogeneity on Propagation of G–Type Waves
Authors: Gupta Shishir , Smita
Published: July 2017

Earthquakes yield motions of massive rock layers accompanied by vibrations which travel in waves. This paper analyses the possibility of G-type wave propagation along the plane surface at the interface of two different media which is assumed to be heterogeneous and viscoelastic. The upper layer is considered to be viscoelastic and the lower half space is considered to be an initially stressed heterogeneous half space. The dispersion equation, as well as the phase and group velocities, is obtained in closed form. The dispersion equation agrees with the classical Love type wave. The effects of the nonhomogeneity of the parameters and the initial stress on the phase and group velocities are expressed by means of a graph.
Modelling Test of Autothermal Gasification Process Using CFD
Authors: Janoszek Tomasz , Stańczyk Krzysztof , Smoliński Adam
Published: July 2017

There are many complex physical and chemical processes, which take place among the most notable are the chemical reactions, mass and energy transport, and phase transitions. The process itself takes place in a block of coal, which properties are variable and not always easy to determine in the whole volume. The complexity of the phenomena results in the need for a construction of a complex model in order to study the process on the basis of simulation. In the present study attempts to develop a numerical model of the fixed bed coal gasification process in homogeneous solid block with a given geometry were mode. On the basis of analysis and description of the underground coal gasification simulated in the ex-situ experiment, a numerical model of the coal gasification process was developed. The model was implemented with the use of computational fluid dynamic CFD methods. Simulations were conducted using commercial numerical CFD code and the results were verified with the experimental data.
Determination of the Metabolic Rate and Work Arduousness Class for Workers in Coal Mines – The Results of in Situ Research
Authors: Drenda Jan , Kułagowska Ewa , Różański Zenon , Pach Grzegorz , Wrona Paweł , Karolak Izabela
Published: July 2017

Considering different duties and activities among miners working in underground coal mines, their work is connected with variable metabolic rate. Determination of this rate for different workplace was the aim of the research and was the base for set up the work arduousness classes for the workplace (according to the standard PN-EN 27243). The research covered 6 coal mines, 268 workers and 1164 series of measurements. Metabolic rate was established on the base of heart rate obtained from individual pulsometers (according to the standard PN-EN ISO 8996). Measurements were supplemented by poll surveys about worker and thermal environment parameters. The results showed significant variability of average heart rate (from 87 bmp to 100 bpm) with variance coefficient 14%. Mean values of metabolic rate were from 150 W/m2 to 207 W/m2. According to the results, the most common class of work arduousness was at moderate metabolic rate (class 2 - moderate work), however, more intense work was found in headings, especially at “ blind end” workplace.
Human Urine Alterations Caused by Apricot Seeds Consumption
Authors: Tušimová Eva , Zbyňovská Katarína , Kováčik Anton , Michalcová Katarína , Halenár Marek , Kolesárová Anna , Kopčeková Jana , Valuch Jozef , Kolesárová Adriana
Published: July 2017

Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside derived from various plants seeds. It is a natural product that owns antitumor activity, it has also been used for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, leprosy and diabetes and produces antitussive and antiasthmatic effects. The present in vivo study was designed to reveal whether amygdalin in apricot seeds has got an effect on human urine composition, pH value and urine associated health status after twelve weeks of oral administration. The study group finally consisted of 12 healthy adult volunteers. All participants consumed 60 mg/kg of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily (approximately 3.0 mg/kg of amygdalin) during 12 weeks. Two urine collections were carried out (at the beginning of the experiment and after 84 days). Quantification of urine calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorides, urea and pH value after apricot seeds supplementation was performed. Paired t-test showed, that consumption of bitter apricot seeds during 84 days had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on amount of calcium excreted in urine, though this decrease shifted its level from elevated mean value in control collection into normal physiological range. No significant changes were observed in other parameters after apricot seed ingestion.
Antibacterial Activity of Melissa officinalis L., Mentha piperita L., Origanum vulgare L. and Malva mauritiana against Bacterial Microflora Isolated from Fish
Authors: Klūga Alīna , Terentjeva Margarita , Kántor Attila , Kluz Maciej , Puchalski Czeslaw , Kačániová Miroslava
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present study was to detect the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against fish microflora. A total of 4 ethanolic extracts of 6 plant species were collected from local environments of Slovakia and screened for antibacterial activity against bacterial microflora. Extracts of Melissa officinalis L., Mentha piperita L., Origanum vulgare L. and Malva mauritiana were used. Bacterial strains were isolated from common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) of Latvian origin. All bacterial strains were identified with the Matrix- Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Among fish microflora, Acinetobacter pittii, A. baumannii, Buttiauxella agrestis, Delftia acidovorans, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Ps. oryzihabitans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, St. caprae, Pantoea agglomerans, Lelliottia amnigena, Providencia rettgeri, Escherichia coli and Rahnella aquatilis were identified. It has been shown that all plant extracts exhibit different degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. All bacterial strains in the present study were moderate sensitive to all extracts applied. The strongest antimicrobial effect of Malva mauritiana and Melissa officinalis L. against Pseudomonas oryzihabitans (6.67±1.53 resp. 9.67±0.58 mm) were found. The best antimicrobial activity of Mentha piperita L. was against Staphylococcus epidermis (7.33±0.58 mm) and strongest antimicrobial effect of Origanum vulgare L. was same against two bacterial strains Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia liquefaciens (9.67±0.58 mm).
Bibliotheks- und Informationseinrichtungen als Partner für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: Wellems Christine
Published: July 2017

Der bibliothekarische Weltverband IFLA engagiert sich auf globaler Ebene für bibliotheks- und informationspolitische Themen. Im Rahmen dieser

Der Artikel enthält ein Interview mit dem Direktor Policy & Advocacy der IFLA, Stuart Hamilton, der die Verhandlungen für die Agenda 2030 von Anfang an aktiv begleitet hat.
Molecular profiling of odontogenic tumors: Pilot study
Authors: Gültekin Elif , Sengüven Burcu , Aziz Reem , Heydt Carina , Buettner Reinhard
Published: July 2017

Background/Aim: In the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors which arise from the rests of the dental apparatus in the jaw, several molecular pathways have been shown to play critical roles such as genetic alterations in the hedgehog, BRAF/Ras/MAPK, epidermal growth factor receptor. Next generation genomic sequencing has identified gene mutations in many different tumors. Materials and Methods: Here we report four types of odontogenic tumor including six cases in which five had mutation according to next generation sequencing analysis from archival paraffin blocks that diagnosed previously as ameloblastoma (solid), amloblastoma (unicystic-mural), ameloblastic fibroma, squamous odontogenic tumor, and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. Results: All ameloblastomatic tumors were shown BRAF mutation and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were KRAS mutation. Conclusion: This evidence may highlight the poorly understood pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors. Further comparisons need to be made with other benign and malignant odontogenic tumors so that unique odontogenic features may be found.
Contribution to the Lithuanian flora of lichens and allied fungi. V.
Authors: Motiejūnaitė Jurga , Lukošienė Ingrida Prigodina , Stončius Darius , Uselienė Asta
Published: July 2017

Three species of lichens and four species of lichenicolous fungi were reported as new to Lithuania: Cercidospora macrospora, Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, Miriquidica leucophaea, Montanelia disjuncta, Plectocarpon lichenum, Porpidia nigrocruenta and Telogalla olivieri. Of these, two species, Didymocyrtis cladoniicola and Miriquidica leucophaea, were recorded for the first time in the Baltic States. Three lichens, namely Lecanora sulphurea, Protoparmelia badia and Punctelia subrudecta previously known in Lithuania from literature data were only confirmed with certainty for the first time.
Effect of Glyphosat and Paraquat Herbicides on Weed Control and Productivity of Cotton
Authors: Hameed R.A. , Ajum S. , Afzal M.N.
Published: July 2017

Weed control management has a vital role in increasing cotton yield and yield components. In cotton crop weed, infestation may harm significant growth and yield loses. To control the weeds under field conditions in cotton crop, different herbicides were selected with different dose levels. Response of various post emergence herbicides at different levels, i.e. Round up 490 G/L at the rate of 4.7 L ha−1, 2.7 L ha−1and 1.5 L ha−1(Glyphosate), Gramoxone 20EC (Paraquat) at the rate of 2.5 L ha−1and untreated (Control) were field experimented against cotton cultivar CIM-473 under field condition at Agronomic Research Area of Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI) Multan, Pakistan. Significant control of weeds, i.e. number of weeds m−2, fresh weed biomass in g m−2, dry weed biomass in g m−2and increase in yield and yield contributing factors, like number of bolls plant−1, cotton boll weight (g), final cotton plant height (cm) and seed cotton yield (kg ha−1) were observed. The field data for weed control in term of numbers, fresh and dry weight was observed after 10, 20 and 30 days of sowing. It was indicated that the highest significant yield, total number of bolls per plant, fresh weed biomass, dry weed biomass, plant height and weed control were obtained by using herbicide Round up (Glyphosate) at the rate of 4.7 L ha−1, as compared to the other treatments with different application rates including untreated (control). Average boll weight was not significant among treatments, but significant against control. Cost benefit analysis showed that the highest net profit was obtained by the Round up 490 G/L, when treated @ 4.7 L ha−1than all other treatments.
Chronic Hepatitis Due to Gluten Enteropathy – a Case Report
Authors: Ivanova Irina I. , Dukova Denitsa Y. , Boikova Pavlina G. , Grudeva Lili S. , Shalev Ivan B. , Kotzev Iskren A.
Published: July 2017

Background:Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals.

Case description:A 45-year-old Caucasian woman presented with severe iron-deficient anemia and mild elevation of liver enzymes. Upper endoscopy was done in the context of evaluation of anemia, which revealed reduced duodenal folds and mosaic pattern of the mucosa, but also grade II esophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Duodenal biopsy showed total villous atrophy, diffuse mainly lymphocytic infiltrate, presence of intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Serology test confirmed celiac disease by the typical pattern of high titer positive IgA and IgG antibodies to tissue transglutaminase. Liver biopsy was performed for staging and etiological evaluation, because laboratory screening ruled out common viral, metabolic and autoimmune liver disease. Liver morphology was consistent with chronic hepatitis without findings for extensive fibrosis. Our patient had poor dietary compliance, so we failed to established improvement of liver enzymes and resolution of anemia during follow-up.

Conclusions:We would like to stress on the diverse clinical manifestations of celiac disease and the importance of serologic screening with antibodies to tissue transglutaminase in differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease.
Effect of Extracts of Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on Amyloglucosidase and α-Glucosidase Activity
Authors: Karcheva-Bahchevanska Diana P. , Lukova Paolina K. , Nikolova Mariana M. , Mladenov Rumen D. , Iliev Ilia N.
Published: July 2017

Background:Vaccinium myrtillusL. is a species belonging to the genusVacciniumof the familyEricaceae. Bilberries have drawn attention due to the multiple benefits for the human health, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-neurodegenerative, and cardioprotective effects. Recently, bilberries were shown to inhibit the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes that can help reduce the intensity of the metabolic syndrome and prevent type 2 diabetes.

Aim:In this study, we investigated theα-glucosidase and amyloglucosidase inhibitory activities of polyphenol-rich extracts from fruit ofVaccinium myrtillusL. from different regions in Bulgaria.

Materials and methods:The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. With HPLC analysis, phenolic acid composition of extracts was assessed. Enzymatic inhibitory activities were determined according to the methodology by Borooah et al. (1961), and Dewi et al. (2007). Amyloglucosidase assay andα-glucosidase assay were used to measure the inhibition potential of bilberries’ extracts.

Results:Phenolic compound content ranged from 1299.60 mg to 510.88 mg GAE/100 g for organic extracts and from 453.63 mg to 290.83 mg GAE/100 g for aqueous extracts. Based on qualitative HPLC analyses, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to be among the major phenolic acids present in bilberries. Methanol and aqueous extracts there were found to be effective inhibitors ofα-glucosidase with an IC50value of 20 μg GAE/ml and 55 μg GAE/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:The inhibitory activity of bilberries’ extracts towardsα-glucosidase offers the patients with type 2 diabetes the opportunity to manage their own glycaemic levels with a diet.
The Impact of Hyperglycemia on VEGF Secretion in Retinal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Caprnda Martin , Kubatka Peter , Saxena Sandeep , Valaskova Jela , Stefanickova Jana , Kobyliak Nazarii , Zulli Anthony , Kruzliak Peter
Published: July 2017

Background:Diabetic retinopathy is a serious sight-threatening complication which is manifested by excessive angiogenesis in diabetic patients.

Aim:We hypothesize that cultured Rhesus monkey retinal endothelial cells (RhRECs) respond to high glucose with a change in cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion.

Materials and methods:In our study, 20 000 cells per well were treated without glucose or with 5.5 mM, 18.5 mM and 30 mM glucose for 24 hours. Viable cells were counted using trypan blue dye exclusion method. VEGF concentrations were measured in cell media by ELISA method.

Results:The number of viable cells incubated with 5.5 mM glucose increased significantly by 53.7% after 24 hours. In comparison, the number of viable cells decreased by 2.8% at 18.5 mM of glucose and by 20.4% at 30 mM of glucose after 24 hours of incubation. In contrast to this effect of glucose on the number of viable cells, a significant increase in VEGF levels (pg/mL) in the cell media with a glucose concentration of 0 mM compared to 5.5 mM of glucose was found. VEGF secretion in cell medium with 18.5 and 30 mM of glucose increased non-significantly in comparison with euglycemic levels.

Conclusion:Our results show that viability of retinal endothelial cells and VEGF release are highly responsive to changes in glucose concentration. Such glucose-induced changes in retinal endothelial cells may negatively impact the integrity of the microvasculature in the diabetic retina leading to angiogenesis and microaneursym.
Phenotypes Determined by Cluster Analysis in Moderate to Severe Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Youroukova Vania M. , Dimitrova Denitsa G. , Valerieva Anna D. , Lesichkova Spaska S. , Velikova Tsvetelina V. , Ivanova-Todorova Ekaterina I. , Tumangelova-Yuzeir Kalina D.
Published: July 2017

Background:Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease that includes various subtypes. They may share similar clinical characteristics, but probably have different pathological mechanisms.

Aim:To identify phenotypes using cluster analysis in moderate to severe bronchial asthma and to compare differences in clinical, physiological, immunological and inflammatory data between the clusters.

Patients and methods:Forty adult patients with moderate to severe bronchial asthma out of exacerbation were included. All underwent clinical assessment, anthropometric measurements, skin prick testing, standard spirometry and measurement fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Blood eosinophilic count, serum total IgE and periostin levels were determined. Two-step cluster approach, hierarchical clustering method and k-mean analysis were used for identification of the clusters.

Results:We have identified four clusters. Cluster 1 (n=14) - late-onset, non-atopic asthma with impaired lung function, Cluster 2 (n=13) - late-onset, atopic asthma, Cluster 3 (n=6) - late-onset, aspirin sensitivity, eosinophilic asthma, and Cluster 4 (n=7) - early-onset, atopic asthma.

Conclusions:Our study is the first in Bulgaria in which cluster analysis is applied to asthmatic patients. We identified four clusters. The variables with greatest force for differentiation in our study were: age of asthma onset, duration of diseases, atopy, smoking, blood eosinophils, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hypersensitivity, baseline FEV1/FVC and symptoms severity. Our results support the concept of heterogeneity of bronchial asthma and demonstrate that cluster analysis can be an useful tool for phenotyping of disease and personalized approach to the treatment of patients.
Expectant management in di-chorionic pregnancies complicated by discordant anomalous twin
Authors: Algeri Paola , Russo Francesca M. , Incerti Maddalena , Cozzolino Sabrina , Pelizzoni Francesca , Bernasconi Davido P. , Montanelli Luca , Locatelli Luca , Vergani Patrizia
Published: July 2017

Fetal malformations are more frequent in twins than in singletons. The aim of our study was to define the influence of a malformed twin on di-chorionic pregnancy outcomes. We performed a retrospective cohort study of di-chorionic pregnancies delivered between 2000 and 2015. Exclusion criteria were: both twins affected by fetal malformations, double intra-uterine fetal death in pregnancies without fetal malformation, selective feticide and therapeutic pregnancy termination. We compared maternal and fetal outcomes of di-chorionic pregnancies not complicated by fetal malformations with pregnancies affected by a single malformed fetus with conservative management. We included 642 di-chorionic pregnancies: 56 (case group, 8.7%) with one twin affected by a malformation (20 minor, 36 major ones), 586 (control group, 91.3%) without fetal malformation. No differences were found on maternal and not malformed co-twin outcomes when compared to pregnancies with no malformation; case vs control group presented similar rates of preeclampsia (8.9% vs. 10.8%, respectively), intrauterine growth restriction (7.1% vs. 9.4%) and composite adverse neonatal outcomes (19.6% vs. 15.1%). No case of fetal death in not malformed co-twin was reported. Expectant management could be a safe option for both mother and co-twin in case of di-chorionic twin pregnancy complicated by only one malformed fetus.
Properties of thin ZnS:Mn films sprayed by improved method: The role of Mn2+ ion concentration
Authors: Zaware Rangnath V. , Borse Ratan Y. , Wagh Bhiva G.
Published: July 2017

Undoped and Mn-doped thin ZnS films were deposited on ordinary glass substrates at temperature of 450 °C by an improved spray pyrolysis (ISP) method. The ISP parameters, such as carrier gas flow rate, solution flow rate and substrate temperature, were controlled with accuracy ±0.25 Lpm, ±1 mL/h and ±1 °C, respectively. A pulse-spray mode of the method was used to spray the precursor solution. Thin film samples were prepared for Mn-doping with the concentrations of 0 at.%, 1 at.%, 3 at.%, 6 at.%, 8 at.% and 12 at.% relative to Zn in the spray solution. The Mn-doping concentration dependent chemical composition, surface morphology, and structural, optical and photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied. All the thin films were well adherent, nearly stoichiometric, dense, uniform, and possessed cubic crystal structure with preferential orientation along h〈1 1 1〉 direction. A slight enhancement in structural properties, an increase in band gap, and a decrease in refractive index and dielectric constant with Mn-doping concentration were observed. The PL spectra of Mn-doped thin ZnS films at room temperature exhibited both the 490 nm blue defect-related emission and the 590 nm yellow-orange Mn2+ ion related emission. The observed yellow-orange emission intensity was maximum for 3 at.% of Mn-doping concentration in the spray solution.
Effects of preparation methods of mixed calcium and zinc thermal stabilizers derived from dimer fatty acid and tung-oil based C22 triacid on properties of PVC
Authors: Li Mei , Wang Mei , Li Shouhai , Huang Kun , Mao Wei , Xia Jianling
Published: July 2017

Calcium and zinc salts of dimer fatty acids (DFA-Ca and DFA-Zn) were synthesized using direct neutralization and metathesis technologies, respectively. The adduct of maleic anhydride and methyl eleostearate (MAME) was also converted to the corresponding zinc soap (C22TA-Zn) and calcium soap (C22TA-Ca) by the two different synthetic routes. Mixed Ca/Zn salts between DFA-Ca and DFA-Zn, and between C22TA-Zn and C22TA-Ca were used as thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The PVC thermal stability was determined using Congo red test, discoloration test, torque rheological analysis and TGA. Dynamic mechanical properties were also tested. Results indicated that the DFA-Ca/DFA-Zn thermal stabilizer from direct neutralization technology was found to be superior to that of the metathesis product. The C22TA-Ca/C22TA-Zn thermal stabilizer from direct neutralization method had overall superior thermal stability, and displayed modulus and glass transition comparable to that of metathesis product. Direct neutralization method was more excellent and convenient than metathesis technology.
Thermal stability of the elastomeric anti-trauma pad
Authors: Olszewska Karolina , Zielinska Dorota , Struszczyk Marcin H. , Wierzbicki Łukasz , Leonowicz Marcin K.
Published: July 2017

The elastomeric anti-trauma pad (EA-TP) based on shear thickening fluid (STF) has been developed. Dynamic oscillatory shear experiment was conducted at constant strain amplitude of 5%. STF composed of 25% of volume fraction of 7 nm Fumed Silica, dispersed in polypropylene glycol with molar mass 400 gmol−1 shows elastic properties in entire investigated range of the frequency. Ballistic tests of EA-TP with 7.62 mm × 39 mm PS bullets were performed according to the PN-V-87000:2011 standard. The studies revealed about 60% reduction of the average backface signature depth (BSD) for the EA-TP, when compared to the nowadays commonly used soft insert. The ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed slight impact of the elevated temperature and air (oxygen) on the chemical degradation of the EA-TP surface. The UV-VIS spectroscopy has allowed to notice colour deviation of the aged samples towards green and yellow, as well as lack of dye resistance to accelerated aging process. Thermographic analysis has shown no visible changes of the EA-TP surface and sub-surface during accelerated aging process. The aforementioned small changes on the surface of EA-TP did not affect the ballistic properties of composite armour. EA-TP insert maintains ballistic properties after accelerated aging process which was simulating the period of 6 years according to ASTM F1980 – 07:2002 standard.
Parametrising arbitrary constructions
Authors: Pescarini Diego
Published: July 2017

This article aims to reconsider some restrictions on the distribution of of the arbitrarysi/sein Romance. The main theoretical tenet of the work is that the observed cross-linguistic variation results from a set of micro-parameters ruling the merging site ofsi/seand the agree relations occurring betweensi/seand probing elements such as v and T. In particular, the proposed model aims to account for languages allowingsi/seto occur with unaccusative verbs, but not with passive, copular constructions, and with accusative clitics.
Alzheimer’s disease: as it was in the beginning
Authors: Kozlov Stanislav , Afonin Alexei , Evsyukov Igor , Bondarenko Andrei
Published: July 2017

Since Alzheimer’s disease was first described in 1907, many attempts have been made to reveal its main cause. Nowadays, two forms of the disease are known, and while the hereditary form of the disease is clearly caused by mutations in one of several genes, the etiology of the sporadic form remains a mystery. Both forms share similar sets of neuropathological and molecular manifestations, including extracellular deposition of amyloid-beta, intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, disturbances in both the structure and functions of mitochondria, oxidative stress, metal ion metabolism disorders, impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-related signaling pathways, abnormalities of lipid metabolism, and aberrant cell cycle reentry in some neurons. Such a diversity of symptoms led to proposition of various hypotheses for explaining the development of Alzheimer’s disease, the amyloid hypothesis, which postulates the key role of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer’s disease development, being the most prominent. However, this hypothesis does not fully explain all of the molecular abnormalities and is therefore heavily criticized. In this review, we propose a hypothetical model of Alzheimer’s disease progression, assuming a key role of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, as was postulated in the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis. Our model explains the connections between all the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, with particular attention to autophagy, metal metabolism disorders, and aberrant cell cycle re-entry in neurons. Progression of the Alzheimer’s disease appears to be a complex process involving aging and too many protective mechanisms affecting one another, thereby leading to even greater deleterious effects.
The role of diaspore banks for the restoration of floodplain meadows. Results of a long term monitoring on the Northern Upper Rhine (Germany)
Authors: Schneider-Binder Erika
Published: July 2017

The reconnection of the inner area of the island Kühkopf/Northern Upper Rhine to the hydrological dynamic of the river was the beginning of a large scale restoration programme for turning back to the previous vegetation – floodplain meadows. From the various aspects of the restoration are presented the succession phases; species with their different type of dispersal are analysed as well. A special attention is given to the role of diaspores of the soil, which play an important role in the redevelopment of floodplain meadows. Species of the diaspore bank can recur after many years, if favourable conditions are available. These are related to floods, dryness and rooting up by wild boar with the development of micro-succession stages.
Evaluation of mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus mortality rate in the face of lethal concentration of deltamethrin and diazinon toxins
Authors: Hosseinnia Zeinab , Tarkhani Reza , Darabitabar Fatemeh , Poorhoseni Mohmmod , Hedayati Aliakbar
Published: July 2017

Because of huge consumption for agricultural purpose, presence of pesticides in surface waters of Golestan province (north east of Iran) is very common. These pesticides finally could be stored in aquatic ecosystems and have proven toxic effects on aquatic animals. Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the most common aquatic insects living mainly in the wetlands. The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of deltamethrin and diazinon as potentially perilous organic pesticides and to assess mortality effects of these chemicals on the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in the form of LC50.
The crystal structures of carbonyl iron powder – revised usingin situsynchrotron XRPD
Authors: König René , Müller Stefan , Dinnebier Robert E. , Hinrichsen Bernd , Müller Philipp , Ribbens Annette , Hwang Jaehyung , Liebscher Ralf , Etter Martin , Pistidda Claudio
Published: July 2017

Although carbonyl iron powder (CIP) is an old material for magnetic applications (e.g. inductor cores), the structure of this material is still described controversially in literature. On the first glance a greyish powder exhibiting a spherical structure, CIP reveals on the second glance a nanoscopic crystalline sub-structure. The material itself contains carbon and nitrogen and its structure is described as an onion-type structure. However, the nature of the different shells and clarity on the nature of the involved carbidic and/or nitridic phases, be they crystalline, amorphous or solid solutions has not yet been achieved. In addition, it is known, that CIP transforms in H2-atmosphere to a “soft” grade, consisting of pure Fe. Again, chemical and microstructural knowledge on the transition from the “hard” to the “soft” CIP is lacking. This leads to the motivation of this study: 1. Unambiguously identify the nature and existence of the involved phases in the unreduced and hard carbonyl iron powder and in the reduced and soft iron powder particles 2. Characterize the phase transformations and microstructural changes of CIP during the thermic treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere. Different techniques were used to clarify the above mentioned points like in-situ synchrotron XRPD accompanied by electron microscopy techniques.
Trunk Muscle Activation in the Back and Hack Squat at the Same Relative Loads
Authors: Clark David R. , Lambert Michael I. , Hunter Angus M.
Published: July 2017

Clark, DR, Lambert, MI, and Hunter, AM. Trunk muscle activation in the back and hack squat at the same relative loads. J Strength Cond Res 33(7S): S60–S69, 2019—The hack squat (HS) is likely to produce a greater 1 repetition maximum (1RM) compared with the back squat (BS). This can be attributed to the support of the trunk during the HS compared with no support during BS. This support, however, may compromise trunk muscle activation (TMA), therefore producing different training adaptations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare 1RM in BS and HS and TMA at 4 relative loads, 65, 75, 85, and 95% of maximal system mass. Ten males completed 3 test sessions: (a) BS and HS 1RM, (b) HS and BS neuromuscular test familiarization, and (c) neuromuscular test for 3 reps at 4 loads for BS and HS. Back squat TMA was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) than HS for all muscles and phases except rectus abdominus in concentric phase. Trunk muscle activation increased (p ≤ 0.05) with load in all muscles for both exercises and phases apart from lumbar sacral erector spinae in HS eccentric phase. Mean HS 1RM and submaximal loads were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than the equivalent BS loads. Duration of the eccentric phase was higher (p < 0.01) in HS than BS but not different in concentric phase. Duration increased significantly (p < 0.01) with load in both exercises and both phases. Despite higher absolute tests loads in HS, TMA was higher in BS. Trunk muscle activation is sensitive to load in both exercises. Back squat is more effective than HS in activating the muscles of the trunk and therefore, arguably more effective in developing trunk strength and stability for dynamic athletic performance.
Povijesno-geografska obilježja Žutsko-sitske otočne skupine
Authors: Filipi Amos Rube
Published: July 2017

The paper about Croatian Adriatic islands Žut and Sit and their pertaining islets comprehends the analysis of basic geographic (geomorphologic, climatic, biogeographic, economic-geographic, anthropogeographic) characteristics of this part of Kornati insular group in the archipelago of Zadar. Special attention is paid to historical-geographical archival materials and to data about exploiting and colonization of these islands. Total land area makes 19.2 km2 (28.3% land surface of Kornati). Nowadays without permanent population, this insular group had significance of pasture, olive growing and fishing zone in millenary evaluation and exploitation, which was carried out by proprietary families from Zadar and, in the recent centuries, by islanders from Murter and other neighbouring islands. Analytical reference to geographic characteristics through time is specially important these days i.e. at the beginning of the 21st century, when the whole insular group of Kornati is being cadastrally and landowning redefined.
Izvješća sa znanstvenih skupova
Authors: Vukosav Branimir , Surić Maša , Lončar Nina , Mamut Marica , Matassi Josip , Jović Sandra
Published: July 2017

Od 10. do 13. listopada u organizaciji Hrvatskoga geografskog društva u Poreču je održan 4. hrvatski geografski kongres, znanstveni skup koji svake tri godine okuplja geografe, te znanstvenike iz srodnih disciplina koji se bave prostornom problematikom. Ove je godine geografskom kongresu nazočilo preko stotinu sudionika koji su kao autori ili koautori sudjelovali u izlaganju radova, uglavnom određenih pitanjima "geografskog vrjednovanja prostornih resursa" kao temeljnom problematskom odrednicom skupa, uz određeni broj radova čija je namjera bila sagledati položaj geografijeusuvremenimdruštvenimtrendovima.
Izvješća sa znanstvenih skupova
Authors: Brkić-Vejmelka Jadranka , Matassi Josip , Šiljeg Ante , Jakovčić Martina
Published: July 2017

U organizaciji Hrvatskoga kartografskog društva te Sveučilišta u Zadru, Geodetskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatskoga hidrografskog instituta iz Splita i Hrvatskoga geografskog društva – Zadar u Zadru je od 15. do 17. lipnja 2007. održano znanstveno savjetovanje s međunarodnim sudjelovanjem Kartografija, geoinformacijeimore. Pokrovitelji toga znanstvenog savjetovanja bili su Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske i Državna geodetska uprava. Taj svojevrsni festival kartografijeu Hrvatskoj dio je niza sličnih aktivnosti koje Hrvatsko kartografsko društvo organizira svake godine od 2004. s ciljem predstavljanja najnovijih spoznaja iz područja kartografije. Znanstveno savjetovanje Kartografija, geoinformacije i more prvi je takav kartografski skup održan izvan Zagreba, a okupio je oko 200 sudionika iz cijele zemlje te iz inozemstva.
Izvješća sa znanstvenih skupova
Authors: Lončarić Robert , Faričić Josip , Surić Maša , Rimanić Ana , Perica Dražen , Trogrlić Marko , Čuka Anica
Published: July 2017

Od 3. do 7. srpnja 2006. godine održana je u Brisbaneu Međunarodna geografska konferencija radni naziv konferencije bio je Regional Responses to Global Changes; A View from the Antipodes. Organizator konferencije bila je Međunarodna geografska unija, a na njoj je sudjelovalo 950 znanstvenika iz čitavog svijeta. Konferencija je održana na Queensland University of Technology u Gardens Point Campusu u samom središtu Brisbanea.
Izvješća sa znanstvenih skupova
Authors: Surić Maša , Buzjak Nenad , Rimanić Ana , Faričić Josip , Lončarić Robert , Čuka Anica
Published: July 2017

Od 29. rujna do 1. listopada 2005. godine održan je 3. hrvatski geološki kongres smeđunarodnim sudjelovanjem. Ovo najveće okupljanje znanstvenika, stručnjaka i gospodarstvenika s područja geologije održava se svake pete godine, te je nakon 1995. u Opatiji te 2000. u Cavtatu i ove godine odabrana Opatija kao domaćin. Kongres su organizirali Hrvatsko geološko društvo, Hrvatski geološki institut, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet (Zagreb), Rudarsko-geološko-naftni fakultet (Zagreb) i INA-Industrija nafte d.d., a pod pokroviteljstvom Ministarstva znanosti,obrazovanja i športa RH, Ministarstva gospodarstva, rada i poduzetništva RH i Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.
Impresum
Authors: Magaš Damir
Published: July 2017

This 1st volume of the yours and ours journal 13th annual, is an approval of how even in ﬁnancially hard and demanding year on the World market, there are enough interest and possibilities of geographers, collaborates and sponsors in editing new and encouraging themes in geographic science in Croatia. Successful and actual engagement of the Department of Geography, University of Zadar, and Croatian Geographic Society - Zadar, has been approved again by this volume, showing the common and synergetic engagement and ﬁnancial help given by Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia, University of Zadar, Zadar County and City of Zadar, which enabled that the challenging idea of continuous editing of Geoadria could be realized.
Duljine obalne crte i površine otoka na hrvatskom dijelu Jadranskog mora određene sa topografskih karata mjerila
Authors: Leder Tea Duplančić , Ujević Tin , Čala Mendi
Published: July 2017

In this paper, modern definition of island established by the IHO has been accepted, and classification of islands, islets, rocks and rocks awash has been proposed according to their areas. The coastline of the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea was digitized from topographic maps produced at the scale of 1 : 25 000 (TM 25). Topographic maps used for digitization are more precise than the maps that were used in earlier works and consequently the data on the number of islands and their coastline lengths and areas are more precise. Polygons of islands were closed in GIS package AutoCAD Map 2000, and each was given its name. From the obtained database and classification of islands, islets and rocks, in the coastal sea area of the Republic of Croatia 79 islands, 525 islets, and 642 rocks and rocks awash, or a total of 1246 have been recorded. Furthermore, it has been established that on TM 25 the island of Cres has the largest area (405.70 km2), although in literature so far (including atlases) the island of Krk was most often cited as the largest island in the Adriatic Sea. The island of Pag has the longest coastline length of 302.47 km.
Značajke tehničke opremljenosti grada Zadra
Authors: Šiljeg Silvija , Domazetović Fran , Pejdo Ana
Published: July 2017

Predmet istraživanja rada je zadovoljstvo građana kvalitetom tehničke opremljenosti u gradu Zadru na temelju deset reprezentativnih varijabli. Zadovoljstvo je ispitano subjektivnim mjerama na razini statističkih krugova grada Zadra. U teorijskom dijelu rada dan je pregled povijesnog razvitka prometnog sustava grada s posebnim osvrtom na cestovni promet, kao najčešći oblik unutargradskog i izvangradskog prometa. Istraživanjem su utvrđene problemske infrastrukturne točke te su izdvojeni statistički krugovi koji se ističu po najvišem i najnižem zadovoljstvu tehničkom opremljenosti. Visoke i niske vrijednosti zadovoljstva mogu se koristiti kao buduće smjernice za daljnji razvitak grada. Na osnovi podataka utvrđeno je da je stupanj zadovoljstva općenito visok iako postoje značajne razlike među statističkim krugovima.
Percepcija prostornog obuhvata Sredozemlja u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Tandarić Neven , Maček Martina , Cvitanović Marin , Tekić Ivan , Flegar Maja , Okmaca Ana , Tvrdojević Jasmina
Published: July 2017

Iako se Sredozemlje smatra jednom od najstarijih prostornih cjelina u svijetu, njegove su granice još uvijek predmet istraživanja i rasprava. Ovaj rad nastoji pridonijeti definiranju Sredozemlja ili Mediterana kroz ispitivanje percepcije njegova prostornog obuhvata u Hrvatskoj i povezanosti s fizičkim i sociokulturnim obilježjima prostora. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom kognitivnih karata na uzorku od dvjesto ispitanika. Kao rezultat dobivena je široka granična zona koja razdvaja tzv. ''pravo'' Sredozemlje od područja koja nisu dijelovi Sredozemlja. Ta zona u određenoj mjeri ima svojstva neizrazitog skupa (engl. fuzzy set) koji predstavlja postupni prijelaz između polova pripadnosti određenom skupu. Rezultati istraživanja na ispitanicima pokazali su da je najveća podudarnost percipiranih granica Sredozemlja s dinarskim smjerom pružanja reljefa (sjeverozapad-jugoistok), osim u Istri, te s obalnom crtom u čitavom hrvatskom primorju. Rezultati također pokazuju da su pri odabiru percipirane granice Sredozemlja čimbenici prirodne sredine važniji od sociokulturnih.
Od mora koja razdvajaju do arena za suradnju: primjena režima zatvorenog i poluzatvorenog mora na Jadran
Authors: Schofield Clive , Townsend-Gault Ian
Published: July 2017

Pravo mora biti međunarodna pravna osnova za obalne države na Jadranu na temelju kojeg mogu zahtijevati područja jurisdikcije na moru uz svoje obale te međusobno podijeliti Jadransko more. Isti međunarodni zakon o moru obvezuje jadranske obalne države da urađuju na različite načine, posebice pri uspostavljanju posebnih režima koji se primjenjuju u zatvorenim i poluzatvorenim morima poput Jadranskog. Ovaj rad analizira zahtjeve za jurisdikcijom na oru koje dopušta međunarodno pravo i posebice stvarne pretenzije u Jadranu. Primjena režima zatvorenog i poluzatvorenog mora u kontekstu Jadrana također se razmatra u radu.
Izvješća sa znanstvenih skupova i prikaz knjige
Authors: Mirošević Lena , Pejdo Ana , Radoš Denis
Published: July 2017

Izvješća sa znanstvenih skupova i prikaz knjige