bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multichannel Cochlear Implant: The New York University/Bellevue Experience
Authors: Cohen N. L. , Waltzman S. B. , Shapiro W.
Published: January 2017

A total of nine patients have been implanted at the New York University/Bellevue Medical Center with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 62 years, with a mean age of 38.7 years. All were postlingually deafened with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, and were unable to benefit from appropriate amplification. Each patient was implanted with the 22-electrode array inserted into the scala tympani, using the facial recess technique. Seven of the nine patients have functioning 22-channel systems, whereas one patient has a single-channel system and one had 14 electrodes inserted because of an unsuspected obstruction in the scala tympani. All patients are regular users of the device and none have been lost to follow-up. Seven patients have completed the prescribed Nucleus training program, and two patients are in the early stages of training. All nine patients have shown a restoration of hearing sensation in response to acoustic stimuli and a recognition of a wide variety of environmental sounds. All seven patients who have completed training and are using the multichannel stimulation have shown an improvement in their vowel and consonant recognition scores when the implant is used in conjunction with lipreading. Mean speech-tracking scores for these patients show an improvement from lipreading alone to lipreading with implant of 28.8 to 60.6 words per minute. Patients also demonstrated a consistent increased ability to use suprasegmental information and to obtain closed set work recognition on portions of the Minimal Auditory Capabilities test battery. Several of the patients have shown an ability to understand significant amounts of open set speech without lipreading. Two patients can comprehend noncoded telephone conversation; one scores an average of 42% on open set speech discrimination testing and the other 20% using the W22 word list with audition only.
Comparison between Melbourne and House Cochlear Implants
Authors: Pauka C. K. , Gibson W. P. R. , Game C. J. A.
Published: January 2017

Three single-channel and three multichannel cochlear implant patients were tested with warble tone audiometry and with part of the Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) battery. Patients were also asked to report on their devices. The ratio of House result to Melbourne result was calculated for each MAC battery test. Many tests scarcely discriminated between the two sets of patients, but some tests discriminated sharply; these latter were open set tests of speech understanding.
Medical or Surgical Complications Related to the Nucleus Multichannel Cochlear Implant
Authors: Cohen Noel L. , Hoffman Ronald A. , Stroschein Mariel
Published: January 2017

A questionnaire was sent to 152 surgeons to survey complications associated with the implantation of the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Complications were categorized as life-threatening; major, if they necessitated revision surgery; or minor, if they resolved spontaneously or with minimal treatment. A total of 55 complications occurred in 459 reported operations for an overall complication rate of 11.8%. There were no deaths, but there was one life-threatening complication, a case of meningitis. There were 23 (4.8%) major complications, most of which involved flap design or electrode insertion (and included the case of meningitis). There were 32 (7 %) minor complications. Most of the complications might have been avoided by proper training, planning of the operations, and careful attention to detail. We recommend that all prospective implant surgeons attend a device-specific training course and practice in the temporal bone laboratory.
Neutralization Antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Bell's Palsy
Authors: Nakamura Koshiro , Yanagihara Naoaki
Published: January 2017

In 45 patients with Bell's palsy of recent onset, the neutralization antibody titers to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were assayed by a microtiter technique. As a control, the neutralization antibody titers of 50 normal subject were assayed. Complement fixation tests also were performed. The geometric means of the neutralization antibody titers of the patients appeared higher at all times than those of the normal subjects. Significant change in the neutralization antibody titer suggesting a recent infection of HSV-1 was seen in seven patients (15.6%), while the complement fixation test demonstrated significant change in only one patient (2.2%). The higher geometric means of the neutralization antibody titers in the patients was thought to indicate that reactivation of the HSV-1 infection was responsible for the onset of Bell's palsy.
Distortion Product Emissions in Humans
Authors: Lonsbury-Martin Brenda L. , Harris Frances P. , Hawkins Margaret D. , Stagner Barden B. , Martin Glen K.
Published: January 2017

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPEs) at the 2f1 — f2 frequency were recorded from 44 normal ears in response to equilevel primary tones. Detailed testing included the recording of DPE “audiograms” in 100-Hz steps from 1 to 8 kHz at three primary-tone levels (65, 75, and 85 dB sound pressure level [SPL]). In addition, response-growth or input-output (I/O) functions depicting the relationship of the amplitudes of DPEs to primary-tone levels, ranging from 25 to 85 dB SPL in 5-dB steps, were also tested for 11 frequencies distributed at quarter-octave intervals over the identical frequency range. The average DPE “audiogram” illustrating the frequency response of these emissions demonstrated a bilobed contour having a low-frequency maximum at approximately 1.5 kHz and a high-frequency peak that plateaued at about 5.5 kHz. The two maximum regions were separated by a minimum around 2.5 kHz. Depending on the frequency region, the average I/O functions exhibited detection “thresholds” at 3 dB above the noise floor at primary levels between 35 and 45 dB sound pressure level. The dynamic range of the emitted response between detection “threshold” and maximum amplitude varied over a 40-dB extent of the stimulus-level dimension. Approximately one third of the ears exhibited irregular DPE “audiograms” in which emitted responses were significantly reduced in restricted regions tested by low, medium, or high frequencies. When the 44 ears were separated into two groups representing more-normal and less-normal responses, the irregular “normal” ears demonstrated increased variability, especially in high-frequency regions. Mean age did not explain the differences noted between the two types of normally hearing subjects. However, across ears, DPE amplitudes and “thresholds” for the highest frequencies tested were correlated significantly with age in that the oldest individuals showed higher “thresholds” and lower amplitudes.
Outer Hair Cells as Potential Targets of Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Huang May , Dulon Didier , Schacht Jochen
Published: January 2017

Inner ear sequelae with temporary or permanent sensorineural hearing loss can result from inflammatory processes in the middle ear. Loss of outer hair cells in the base of the cochlea has been noted in otitis media, but it is not known how this damage occurs. Evidence supports the permeability of the round window membrane to substances mediating inflammation in the middle ear, and the presence of white blood cells has been reported in the perilymph. In the present study, the potential cytotoxic effects of two representative inflammatory mediators, endotoxin and free radicals, have been evaluated by use of short-term culture of isolated outer hair cells from the guinea pig cochlea model. Incubation with endotoxins from two gram-negative pathogens increased the rate of hair cell death fourfold to sixfold. Free radicals (generated by exposure of cells to UV light or by excitation of intracellular fluorescent dyes) produced morphologic damage to hair cells within 60 seconds. These latter effects were delayed by addition of free-radical scavengers. It is concluded that inflammatory mediators are cytotoxic to hair cells and therefore are potentially ototoxic if permeating the round window membrane.
Clinical Perspectives on Ototoxic Drugs
Authors: Matz Gregory J.
Published: January 2017

Ototoxic drugs such as salicylates, the aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, cisplatin, erythromycin, and vancomycin are widely used in clinical practice. The most commonly used are aspirin and the aminoglycoside antibiotics. This chapter briefly discusses the pharmacology of the commonly prescribed ototoxic drugs and the doses that may result in ototoxicity. An outline for the monitoring of ototoxic drugs is presented. The role of topical ear drops as a possible cause of ototoxicity is reviewed.
Experimental Otitis Media with Anaerobic Bacteria
Authors: Fulghum Robert S. , Beamer Mark E.
Published: January 2017

This report appears in partial form in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Acute and Secretory Otitis Media With Anaerobic Bacteria, Jerusalem, Israel, November 17–22, 1985 (Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Kugler Publications, 1986). This study was performed in accordance with the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. et seq.); the animal use protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
Antimicrobial Use in Otolaryngeal Infections: General Considerations
Authors: Medoff Gerald
Published: January 2017

With the development of numerous new antimicrobials and the improved efficacy of existing agents, more infections are being treated successfully, but the benefits of one agent over another have become an issue of subtle distinctions. Some clinical studies of new drugs have inherent drawbacks in their design and may not yield a comprehensive picture of antimicrobial characteristics in a wide range of patient types and diseases. Studies should therefore be carefully evaluated to determine whether a real advantage exists for a new agent. At Barnes Hospital (St Louis, Missouri), antimicrobials are chosen for the formulary on the basis of efficacy, toxicity, and cost. One or two agents are selected from a group of “therapeutic equivalents.” Nonformulary agents or uses must be approved by the infectious disease staff. Evaluation and discussion of therapy with formulary and nonformulary drugs educates house staff, who can then use approved agents with greater knowledge and skill.
Otitis Media Update: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Giebink G. Scott
Published: January 2017

Otitis media primarily affects children, but can also lead to lifelong sequelae. Middle ear histopathologic changes and clinical manifestations can represent any part of a disease continuum, from acute to recurrent to chronic otitis media. Acute otitis media is most often caused by an acute respiratory viral infection and secondary replication of bacteria in the middle ear space and tissues, leading to symptoms and signs of infection (ie, fever, pain, tympanic membrane erythema). Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of management, and clinical response to different antimicrobial drugs appears to be similar. The bacteriologic efficacy of these drugs, however, is quite variable. Clearly, antimicrobial treatment of acute otitis media, which currently is largely empiric, must be fine-tuned on the basis of patient and disease variation.
MRL/MP-lpr/lpr Mouse as a Model of Immune-Induced Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kusakari Chikashi , Hozawa Koji , Kyogoku Masahisa , Koike Shuji , Takasaka Tomonori
Published: January 2017

Hearing acuity and inner ear disorders of MRL/ lpr mice, bred for the study of autoimmune disease, were examined in comparison to those of BALB/c mice. The auditory brain stem response threshold of 20-week-old MRL/ lpr mice was significantly higher than that of BALB/c mice of the same age (p < .01). The pathologic changes of 20-week-old MRL/ lpr mice were characterized by the degeneration of intermediate cells, widened intercellular spaces, and immunoglobulin G deposition on the basement membrane of strial blood vessels as well as in the basal infolding of strial marginal cells, which were absent in BALB/c mice. That there were no other evident pathologic findings in the cochlea or middle ear suggests that these changes in the stria vascularis seemed to be responsible for the sensorineural hearing loss of this mouse. The MRL/ lpr mouse was thought to be a good experimental model to study the spontaneous sensorineural hearing loss caused by an immune reaction.
Sustained Release of Antimicrobials in the Middle Ear Using a Biodegradable Support
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos V. , Muchow David C.
Published: January 2017

The ototoxicity of a poly-L-lactic acid biodegradable support incorporating a therapeutically releasable amount of ampicillin was studied. This device has a shape that allows placement in the middle ear via a myringotomy incision. Once in the middle ear, it expands without mechanical interference and provides extended release of ampicillin. In vitro studies documented sustained release of ampicillin, and in vivo efficacy was demonstrated in otitis media induced in chinchillas and cats. Previous histopathologic studies showed a lack of inflammatory reaction from the device itself and documented its biodegradable characteristics. There was no evidence of ototoxicity on morphometry of the organ of Corti (hair cell counts) in chinchillas exposed to these devices for 3 weeks with and without ampicillin.
The Clarion® Multi-Strategy™ Cochlear Implant
Authors: Kessler Dorcas K.
Published: January 2017

The Clarion cochlear implant is the result of many years of research and development, first at the University of California, San Francisco and the Research Triangle Institute of North Carolina, and then at Advanced Bionics Corporation in Sylmar, California. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration after carefully monitored investigational clinical trials in both the adult and pediatric populations, it has now been implanted in approximately 3,000 patients worldwide. A fully flexible, programmable system, the Clarion offers multiple strategies and options in speech processing. The coupling mode, the stimulating waveform, and the temporal pattern of stimulation can be selected to allow each patient an opportunity to be fitted with the strategy that offers the highest level of performance. This paper describes the current status of the Clarion system. However, Clarion development has been a dynamic process, and from its initial introduction in 1991, the system has been modified and continually improved. The process of improvement and advancement is ongoing. New speech processing strategies and hardware developments are briefly summarized at the conclusion of this paper.
Clinical Results of the Clarion® Magnetless Cochlear Implant
Authors: Neuburger Jürgen , Koestler Herbert , Weber Benno P. , Goldring Jenny E. , Battmer Rolf D. , Santogrossi Thomas , Lenarz Thomas
Published: January 2017

This paper reports initial results for the CLARION® Multi-Strategy™ Cochlear Implant, presently under investigational study in Europe. A magnetless implantable cochlear stimulator (ICS) with an ear-mold—supported headpiece was designed in response to an increasing demand for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–compatible cochlear implant. Surgical technique, accompanying magnetless headpiece, and MRI compatibility were evaluated in 11 deaf patients (ages 6 to 62 years) who were implanted with a magnetless Clarion implant. Because of the headset mechanics, the ICS was implanted closer behind the ear than a magnet-containing ICS. The ICS-MRI compatibility was investigated with 1.5- and 0.3-T MRI. Results showed that the surgery was relatively safe and easy to learn. The headset was stable and reliable. The MRI compatibility tests indicate that the ICS poses no contraindication for patients needing MRI. Overall, the results suggest that the Clarion magnetless cochlear implant is relatively safe and easy to implant, is MRI-compatible, and functions well with the ear-mold—supported headpiece.
On Some Permutation Tests Based on U‐Statistics
Authors: Sen Pranab Kumar
Published: January 2017

Summary

The two‐sample (as well as bhe single‐sample) perm utntion tests developed so far, are mostly based on linear permubation statistics. The object of the present invesbigation is to use a class of U‐statistics in various two‐sample problems and to extend the scope of applicability of the permutation tests.
Statisticians and Statistical Database Management
Authors: Ghosh Sakti Pada
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT:

This paper discusses the roles and challenges for statisticians in statistical data base management. It discusses the difference between statistical data model and the category‐numeric data model used in statistical data base management. It shows how some numerical operations, commonly used in statistical analysis can be combined with relational operations of data base management to improve the performance of statistical analysis using data base management. Some of the operations discussed are : flelxible multivariate structures, selection domains, domain joins, domain ordering, tuple ordering, domain union, domain intersections, outer joins of domains, etc.
On Cramer‐Rao Type Intfgral Inequalities
Authors: Rao B. L. S. Prakasa
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT:

A brief but comprehensive survey of recent work in the area of Cramer‐Rao type integral inequalities leading to lower bounds for the risk of estimators in a Bayesian context is given.
Evaluation of the Enuretic Child
Authors: Gil Rushton H.
Published: January 2017

Nocturnal enuresis is a symptom of environmental, physical, and psychosocial factors. In addition to a physical examination, the initial workup of the enuretic child should include a careful voiding, psychosocial, and family history. Studies have shown that the parents of enuretic children often have a history of enuresis. An increased incidence of enuresis has also been demonstrated in children from large families and lower socioeconomic groups. Daytime voiding symptoms (e.g., frequency, urgency, or enuresis) suggest the possibility of underlying voiding dysfunction. A complete urinalysis and urine culture also should be performed to exclude urinary infection and certain metabolic or nephrologic disorders. Finally, it is important that the treating physician understand the attitudes of both the child and the family concerning enuresis. Parents who feel that the child is at fault need to be educated and reassured. A careful, complete evaluation will allow the physician to tailor treatment to the individual child and family.
The American Experience With Desmopressin
Authors: Bloom David A.
Published: January 2017

Conclusive evidence of a polyuric etiology from a failure of vasopressin elevation led to a new pharmacologic approach to the treatment of childhood nocturnal enuresis. Desmopressin acetate, a vasopressin analogue, has been used successfully since 1978 to treat this condition. Desmopressin's efficacy at doses of 5 to 40 μg has been demonstrated in Europe and the United States. Similarly, its safety has been established, and it is a first-line choice for physicians worldwide.
Doctorate or Bust
Authors: Henderson Robert A.
Published: January 2017

The decision to undertake advanced graduate study should be made only after careful deliberation. This article answers some key questions about graduate study in special education, offers suggestions regarding such items as criteria for selection of schools and amount of teaching experience needed, and supplies a countdown for each phase in the application process.
The Integration of Young Deaf Children into Ordinary Educational Programs
Authors: Northcott Winifred Nies
Published: January 2017

The labels deaf and hard of hearing are diagnostically and psychologically unsound as applied during two successive levels of preprimary intervention: infant education and home training (0-3 1/2 years) and a more structured child centered educational program (3 1/2-6 years). Provision of early parent support and multiple service options including nursery school experience with hearing children enables certain youngsters to continue in mainstream educational programs. Criteria for the selection of candidates for realistic integration and a description of the roles of the diagnostic teacher and a variety of supportive specialist's are delineated.
Teacher Identification of Superior Students
Authors: Renzulli Joseph S. , Hartman Robert K. , Callahan Carolyn M.
Published: January 2017

The need for a more structured approach to teacher judgment in the screening and identification of superior students is discussed, and a systematic procedure for constructing and using an instrument to guide subjective observation is described. The instrument focuses on behavioral characteristics in the areas of learning, motivation, creativity, and leadership and is offered as a supplementary method that can be used in conjunction with other identification procedures. Studies dealing with the reliability and validity of the instrument are described.
Future Directions in Education and Inclusion of Students with Disabilities: A Delphi Investigation
Authors: Putnam Joanne W. , Spiegel Amy N. , Bruininks Robert H.
Published: January 2017

This article reports on a survey of 37 educators regarding future directions in the education of students with disabilities. The survey used the Delphi technique. For the decade of the 1990s and after the year 2000, respondents' predictions included the following: The movement toward increasing inclusion will occur; the belief will prevail that people with disabilities have a right to participate in inclusive environments; students with mild disabilities will be educated in general classrooms; teachers will increase their use of instructional approaches such as cooperative learning and instructional technology; and researchers will focus on matching instructional needs with learner characteristics.
Practical Problems in Blast Furnace Identification
Authors: Norton J P
Published: January 2017

Recent work on the identification and control of steelworks blast furnaces is reviewed. The difficulties in obtaining experimental models are described; these include unmeasured variables, uneven cast interval, the very slow dynamics and the frequently non-stationary behaviour of the furnace. Factors influencing the form of the model are discussed. It is concluded that empirical models will prove useful in tracking short-term variations in furnace behaviour.
An Investigation of Resonance Conditions for Pulsating Flow of Air through an Orifice in a Pipe
Authors: Imrie B W , Evans† R A
Published: January 2017

A review of some previous studies of pulsating air flow through orifices in pipes is presented. In particular, the authors comment on the significance of inertia effects, the use of Strouhal number as a non-dimensional parameter, and the effect of phase change on time-dependent variables. Attention is drawn to the possible importance of the previously neglected interaction between the effects of orifices as acoustical filters and as meters of pulsating flow.

Using complex variable analysis, a theoretical model based on plane acoustic waves yields, for resonance conditions, relationships between frequency, pressure and geometry variables. These were investigated experimentally for a 1-in diameter pipe with different orifice diameters for a range of frequencies up to 180 Hz.

The results indicate that accurate derivation of mass flow rates from pressure measurements across an orifice in a pipe depends on taking into account the effects of wave action at all frequencies. This would avoid the rig-dependent limitations to which experimental work on pulsating gas flow through an orifice in a pipe is subject.
Torque Measurement in Induction Motors
Authors: Beattie W. C.
Published: January 2017

A simple method is described for measuring torque in induction motor drives. This is applicable to constant voltage, constant frequency systems, an accuracy of 5% being anticipated. Some practical tests with a small machine show the range over which a linear relationship is possible, it being anticipated that improved linearity would be possible with larger drives.
Dominant Mode Design of Third-Order Linear Control Systems: Part 2 Open Loop Poles and System Design
Authors: Asbury A.
Published: January 2017

This completes the design method begun in the part published in the previous issue by providing loci of the corrected open loop poles required for the selected systems. Two examples are given to illustrate the new approach to performance limitations and correction methods. Pole relocation by cancellation is advocated and the consequences of inexact cancellation are discussed.

The mathematics used in the program for the loci is given in two Appendices.
Effect of the Method of Control on the Transfer Function Parameters of a Two-Phase Servomotor
Authors: Saleh Mahmoud A. , Shehata Mourad A.
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the effect of the method of control on the transfer function of two-phase servomotors is investigated. The methods of control considered are the amplitude, time-phase, frequency, voltage-frequency, pulse-width and space-phase control. Torque equations are derived for different methods. The motor gain and time-constant are determined from the torque-speed and speed-signal characteristics. The servomotor torque, speed, time-constant and gain — and their dependence on the signal magnitude — are compared for the different methods of control. It is shown that for the same value of the signal, the motor time-constant may vary between 2·2 msec and 45 msec and the gain may be increased six times if the method of control is changed.
Development of a High-Performance Choke Valve with Reference to Sizing for Multiphase Flow
Authors: Singleton E W
Published: January 2017

The paper describes events leading up to the development of a variable choke valve for high-pressure drop service on multiphase fluids. During the evolvement of the design, which has now been proved in service, it was found necessary to discard some of the accepted precepts and conventions of control valve design. This work also led to an investigation into the various methods of sizing valves for multiphase fluids. The results obtained from available methods were compared and a new method was devised which appears to maintain a higher level of accuracy over a wide range of multiphase flow conditions.
Recent Trends in Oral Cavity Cancer Research Support in the United States
Authors: Fribley A.M. , Svider P.F. , Warner B.M. , Garshott D.M. , Raza S.N. , Kirkwood K.L.
Published: January 2017

The objectives were to characterize oral cavity cancer (OCC) funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) with a secondary aim of comparing NIH support provided to OCC and other malignancies. NIH awards supporting OCC inquiry from 2000 to 2014 were accessed from the NIH RePORTER database. These data were used to evaluate temporal trends and the role of human papilloma virus and to determine the academic training and professional profiles of the principal investigators. Comparison of 2014 funding levels with other malignancies was also performed, controlling for incidence. Overall funding totals decreased considerably after 2009. Funding administered through the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) was 6.5 times greater than dollars awarded by the National Cancer Institute in 2000. During the period evaluated, NIDCR support decreased in most years, while National Cancer Institute support increased and approached NIDCR funding levels. Funding for human papilloma virus–related projects gradually rose, from 3.4% of dollars in 2000 to 2004 to 6.2% from 2010 to 2014 ( P < 0.05). A majority of principal investigators had a PhD omnia solus (57%), and 13% possessed dual PhD/clinical degrees. Among clinicians with specialty training, otolaryngologists and oral/maxillofacial pathologists garnered the most funding. OCC had a 2014 funding:incidence ratio of $785, much lower than for other malignancies. There has been increased volatility in funding support in recent years possibly due to budget cuts and sequestration. The National Cancer Institute has played an increasingly important role in supporting OCC research, concomitant with decreasing NIDCR support. Our findings suggest that OCC is underfunded relative to other non–oral cavity malignancies, indicating a need to increase the focus on rectifying the disparity.
An Exploration of Factors Associated With Methamphetamine Injection Among Street-Involved Drug Users and Dealers in Los Angeles
Authors: Hunt-Howard Kirsten E.
Published: January 2017

Based on fieldwork and ethnographic interviews, this article explores the subjective meanings and processes of injecting methamphetamine and risk taking among 38 participants involved in a street drug scene, including long-term methamphetamine users and dealers recruited in an inner-city Los Angeles neighborhood, as a means of gaining insight into the factors facilitating injection. There were a multitude of individual, structural, social, and spatial factors that may influence injection as a mode of methamphetamine administration, including economic conditions, perceived cost, and efficiency of specific routes of use; social role and collective identification with a street scene; physical and social settings; drug policy and fear of arrest; social network factors, including the influence of sexual partners, peers, and the normalization of injection; other drug use, including individual drug histories and preferences for specific routes of administration among particular drug users (e.g., black tar heroin); and characteristics of the local drug market.
A word from … Raffaele Volpe: Freedom and justice
Authors: Volpe Raffaele
Published: January 2017

The transnational migration affecting the world today forces us to rethink the relationship between many familiar concepts like citizenship and rights. There are many illegal aliens living within a state but excluded from its polity because they do not have a citizenship. In this context we need a new idea of justice that, combined with a cosmopolitan vision, recognizes for each and every person the right to have rights.
Observing Sabbath
Authors: Blevins Kent
Published: January 2017

The sabbath command in Deuteronomy 5 differs from the sabbath command in Exodus 20 with regard to the justification provided for the command. This article argues that the Deuteronomy justification, recalling Israel’s deliverance from slavery in Egypt, is superior and leads to more fruitful interpretations of the sabbath command than the Exodus justification, which appeals to God’s action in the creation. Sabbath observance should be understood as fundamentally connected with a concern for justice. This article provides suggestions for interpretive directions that can be more effective in challenging us to live more in accordance with the Old Testament vision of shalom.
The Third Commandment: Lifting the LORD’s name
Authors: Mathews Jeanette
Published: January 2017

The original context and meaning of the Third Commandment within the Decalogue is debated among Old Testament scholars, with no firm consensus as to whether oath-taking, the use of God’s name for magic purposes or for proper worship, lies behind the prohibition. Key words that are used in a variety of ways in other contexts add to the uncertainty. Recognition that even within Scripture the Third Commandment has been improvised for new settings gives a freedom to explore its meaning and relevance for the Church in the world today. When God’s name is used by individuals, communities, or nations in support of any type of injustice, it is being used wrongfully. Equally, God’s name is honored by those who live and work for truth, peace, and justice.
Ever beyond: Aiming for God through family
Authors: Ballenger John
Published: January 2017

Beyond sentimentality and past experience that shapes us is the call to be who and how we were created to be. Honor given to one’s parents is a “therefore” following the all-encompassing premise. Beyond all that separates and divides is the wholeness in which we find ourselves. And beyond the ten words, lies one—the name that is the Being, the presence and the story of God—God with us.
Intergroup Contact and Social Change
Authors: Reimer Nils Karl , Becker Julia C. , Benz Angelika , Christ Oliver , Dhont Kristof , Klocke Ulrich , Neji Sybille , Rychlowska Magdalena , Schmid Katharina , Hewstone Miles
Published: January 2017

Previous research has shown that (a) positive intergroup contact with an advantaged group can discourage collective action among disadvantaged-group members and (b) positive intergroup contact can encourage advantaged-group members to take action on behalf of disadvantaged outgroups. Two studies investigated the effects of negative as well as positive intergroup contact. Study 1 ( n = 482) found that negative but not positive contact with heterosexual people was associated with sexual-minority students’ engagement in collective action (via group identification and perceived discrimination). Among heterosexual students, positive and negative contacts were associated with, respectively, more and less LGB (lesbian, gay, bisexual) activism. Study 2 ( N = 1,469) found that only negative contact (via perceived discrimination) predicted LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) students’ collective action intentions longitudinally while only positive contact predicted heterosexual/cisgender students’ LGBT activism. Implications for the relationship between intergroup contact, collective action, and social change are discussed.
Validation of a Statewide Teacher Evaluation System
Authors: Xu Xianxuan , Grant Leslie W. , Ward Thomas J.
Published: January 2017

This study examines the validity of a statewide teacher evaluation system in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Three hundred and thirty-eight teachers from 16 at-risk schools located in eight school districts participated in an evaluation system pilot during the 2011-2012 academic year. Teachers received ratings on six teacher effectiveness process standards and one student academic progress outcome measure. For the outcome measure, student academic progress was measured by student growth percentiles (where available and appropriate) and student achievement goal setting (i.e., student learning objectives). The study examines the internal validity of the system, specifically (1) the relationship between the six teacher effectiveness process standards and the student academic progress outcome measure and (2) the relationship between ratings on outcome measure for teachers with student growth percentile data and without.
The Impact of Public Investment on Private Investment: Evidence from India
Authors: Dash Pradyumna
Published: January 2017

Executive Summary

This paper estimates the impact of public investment on private investment in India during 1970-2013 using ARDL procedure developed by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) by incorporating endogenously determined structural break in the model. The base line result implies that a 1 per cent increase in public investment as a ratio to GDP leads to 0.81 per cent and 0.53 per cent decrease in private investment as a ratio to GDP in the long run (about 4 to 5 years) and short run (about 2 to 3 years), respectively, after controlling for economic conditions. To address the concern that the results may be driven by government consumption expenditure, fiscal deficit, or inadequate infrastructure, the analysis was repeated by estimating the investment function after including these variables and similar results were obtained. The investment regression was also estimated for a shorter sample period (1978–2013) to get the same result.

It is observed that the crowding out effect of public investment on private investment has dampened during the post-liberalization period. The results also reveal that a “market friendly” incumbent and an increase in foreign direct investment dampen the magnitude of the crowding out effect of public investment. Formal tests were conducted to examine whether the crowding out effect was driven by political uncertainty and political business cycle channels but no evidence for the same is found.

The results also reveal that public infrastructure (represented by kms of roads per capita) has a positive effect on private investment in the short run. This is similar to the findings by Blejer and Khan (1984) that while public infrastructure investment is complementary to private investment, other kinds of public investment lead to crowding out of private investment. This suggests that public investment should be more focused on goods and services which are enjoyed or consumed by many consumers simultaneously and non-excludable in nature with significant positive externalities.

In this model, a single endogenously determined structural break was included and the possibility of multiple breaks was excluded. There is a scope to increase multiple structural breaks and re-investigate the impact of public investment on private investment in India in future studies.
Adsorption Kinetics of Cationic Dyestuffs on to Natural Clay
Authors: El-Geundi Mohammad S.
Published: January 2017

A three-step model has been proposed for the adsorption of cationic dyestuffs (Basic Blue 69 and Basic Red 22) from aqueous solutions on to natural clay. The rate of adsorption is controlled initially by the boundary layer film and an external mass-transfer coefficient Ks has been determined for this process under the influence of a number of design variables. Two approaches, designated methods 1 and 2, are available for determining the external mass-transfer coefficient. Using log-log correlations, the external mass-transfer coefficient was found to vary linearly with the agitation speed, the clay particle size range and the mass of clay employed.
Evaluation of a Local Clay as a Dehydration Catalyst
Authors: Ali Susan A. , El-Aiashy Maha K. , Ayad Zita S.
Published: January 2017

Since Egypt is rich in natural clays, they can be used as a cheap local catalyst for dehydration instead of importing synthetic catalysts. Samples from Wadi El Hai Helwan were studied for this purpose in the raw and activated forms.

Activation included either thermal activation by calcination of the clay in a stream of dry air at different temperatures or chemical activation by treatment with different concentrations of sulphuric acid solution. The dehydration activities of the prepared clay catalysts were studied using absolute ethyl alcohol. The optimum conditions for activation were obtained on treating Helwan raw clay with 20% sulphuric acid solution at 104°C at an acid solution/clay ratio of 1.5:1 by weight, followed by calcination at 500°C. The activation energy for this reaction on Helwan clay was estimated as equal to 17.5 kcal/mol.
On the Nature of the Energetic Surface Heterogeneity in Ion Adsorption at an Electrolyte/Oxide Interface. Theoretical Studies of the Correlations between Binding-to-Surface Energies of Various Surface Complexes
Authors: Rudziński Wladyslaw , Charmas Robert , Piasecki Wojciech
Published: January 2017

When a metal oxide is brought into contact with an electrolyte, the outermost surface oxygens adsorb one or two protons, a cation or an aggregate composed of two protons and an anion. In this way, various surface complexes are formed. The actual surfaces are, as a rule, geometrically distorted. This causes a variation of the binding-to-surface energy from one surface oxygen to another for each of these complexes. This energetic heterogeneity of the actual oxide surfaces strongly affects the adsorption of ions within the electrical double layer formed at the oxide/electrolyte interface. The way in which the surface heterogeneity affects the adsorption of ions depends on the correlations between the binding-to-surface energies of the various surface complexes. To date, two extreme models have been considered by us; one assuming the existence of very high correlations, and the other one assuming a total lack of correlation between binding-to-surface energies in going from one surface oxygen to another. This paper presents a theoretical study of ion adsorption based on the assumption of a partial correlation between the binding-to-surface energies.
A Study of the Brönsted Site Acidity of Crystalline and Amorphous Aluminosilicates: 1. Desorption of Ammonia, Dehydration of 2-Propanol and Cracking of Cumene
Authors: Brei V.V. , Kaspersky V.A. , Khomenko K.N. , Chuiko A.A.
Published: January 2017

The acidity of the H-form aluminosilicates, which include ZSM-5, mordenite, Y-faujasite, Al-containing aerosils and silica gels, and the layering of aluminosilicate compounds on an aerosil surface was measured by temperature-programmed mass spectrometry desorption (TPD) of NH3. It was found that the desorption energies of NH3 decrease in the order: H-M > H-ZSM-5 > Al-aerosils> H-Y > CVD Al-silicates> Al-silica gels. The catalytic activities of the studied samples in 2-propanol dehydration and cumene cracking have been shown to decrease in the same order.
Colloid-Chemical Modification of Micellar Polyelectrolyte/Film-Forming Agents
Authors: Bolshak Yu.V. , Deinega Yu.F. , Sirota L.A. , Nesmeyanova T.A. , Ryabova T.Yu.
Published: January 2017

The results of studies of the solubilization and adsorption stabilization of organic-diluted oligomers by aqueous polyelectrolyte/film-forming agents are presented. Experimental criteria for determining the stage at which the solubilization of modifiers changes to their adsorption stabilization are noted. The dependence of the conditions for emulsion modifier stabilization on the concentration of polyelectrolyte stabilizers has been determined. New compositions for electrodeposition, based on a combination of aqueous polyelectrolyte/film-forming agents with non-water-diluted oligomeric dispersions have been established. Polymer composite electrophoretic coatings with highly protective properties have been obtained.
Debate resolved: there are differential effects of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors on cytochrome P450 enzymes
Authors: Preskorn Sheldon H.
Published: January 2017

In 1993, it was first proposed that an important difference between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) was the degree of inhibition of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme 2D6 that they produced under usually dosing conditions (Preskorn, 1993). Specifically, fluoxetine and paroxetine, in contrast to sertraline, were identified as causing substantial increases in the plasma levels of coadministered drugs, which were principally dependent on CYP 2D6 for their metabolism. Over the next 5 years, this position was hotly contested (Preskorn and Nemeroff, 1997). However, an extensive body of research has now accumulated, which incontrovertibly supports the original position. This paper will reviews this research and extends the discussion to all five SSRIs and four other important CYP enzymes: 1A2, 2C9/10, 2C19, and 3A3/4.
Education Technology: Innovations
Authors: Withrow Frank B.
Published: January 2017

“We raised the power of reason, the power of manipulating words, above all other faculties. The written word became our god. We forgot that before words there were actions … that there have always been things beyond words. We forgot that spoken words preceded the written one. We forgot that written form of our letters came from ideographic pictures … that standing behind every letter is an image like an ancient ghost. The image stands for natural movements of the body and other living things.” Frank Herbert
The Internet's Impact on the Practice of Psychiatry
Authors: Styra Rima
Published: January 2017

Objective:

In the past decade, the Internet has rapidly evolved into a mainstream communication and information resource. During this period, health care resources and databases have been developed. This paper reviews the literature on e-mail communication and on-line health care information resources to determine the impact on psychiatry.

Method:

The Medline electronic database and the search engines Altavista and Google were used to review the literature discussing on-line guidelines, clinical trials, and continuing medical education (CME) resources, as well as the literature on Internet usage, e-journals, and e-mail communication.

Conclusions:

The Internet has accelerated psychiatrists' access to new research findings and other information pertinent to clinical practice. It has eliminated distance barriers and offered psychiatrists and the general public equal access to scientific articles, clinical trials, and guidelines. The literature shows that the general public is using the Internet to obtain information and, to a lesser extent, to communicate with health care professionals. In terms of health outcomes, the effectiveness of patient on-line access to information is still uncertain, and further research is necessary. Although physicians have embraced on-line journals, further work is required before they embrace on-line CME. The Internet has developed to a point where it is important for psychiatrists to understand the issues and pitfalls in its use, to be able to access the resources available, and to be in a position to mentor patients who want to research their condition further.
Assessing and Monitoring Antipsychotic-Induced Movement Disorders in Hospitalized Patients: A Cautionary Study
Authors: Cortese Leonardo , Jog Mandar , McAuley T Jeffrey , Kotteda V , Costa Giuseppe
Published: January 2017

Objective:

To assess the amount of documentation and level of assessment provided by attending physicians and nursing staff in regard to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) experienced by hospitalized patients with varied DSM-IV diagnoses regularly treated with antipsychotic medication.

Method:

We examined the medical records of 204 hospitalized patients. All medical records were examined retrospectively from consecutive admissions beginning in January 1996. We identified demographics, length of hospitalization, diagnosis, and antipsychotic and adjunct medication. EPS were classified into dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD). For each type of EPS, 2 independent raters rated the quality of assessment based on dimensions of severity, location, and laterality.

Results:

The extent of interrater agreement was found to be 91.1%. Parkinsonism and akathisia were more frequently assessed, compared with TD and dystonia. However, the medical records examined showed generally poor assessment and documentation of EPS. The percentage of medical records with “no description” for each EPS classification was as follows: dystonia (89%), parkinsonism (71%), akathisia (67%), and TD (94%).

Conclusions:

The major finding of this study was a high rate of failure to document the assessment and course of EPS. This finding suggests that clinicians do not recognize the importance of documenting these significant adverse events. This shortcoming can be corrected with increased awareness of EPS and increased training in their physical examination.