bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature monitoring in mountain regions using reanalyses: lessons from the Alps
Authors: Scherrer Simon C
Published: March 2020

The monitoring of near-surface temperature is a fundamental task of climatology that remains especially challenging in mountain regions. Here we assess the regional monitoring capabilities of modern reanalysis products in the well-monitored northern Swiss Alps during the last 20–60 years. Monthly and seasonal 2 m air temperature (T2m) anomalies the global ERA5 and the three regional reanalysis products HARMONIE, MESCAN-SURFEX and COSMO-REA6 are evaluated against high quality in situ observational data for a low elevation (foothills) mean, and a high elevation (Alpine) mean. All reanalysis products show a good year-round performance for the foothills with the global reanalysis ERA5 showing the best overall performance. The high-resolution regional reanalysis COSMO-REA6 clearly performs best for the Alpine mean, especially in winter. Most reanalysis data sets show deficiencies at high elevations in winter and considerably overestimate recent T2m trends in winter. This stresses the fact that even in the most recent decades utmost care is required when using reanalysis data for near-surface temperature trend assessments in mountain regions. Our results indicate that a high-resolution model topography is an important prerequisite for an adequate monitoring of winter T2m using reanalysis data at high elevations in the Alps. Assimilating T2m remains challenging in highly complex terrain. The remaining shortcomings of modern reanalyses also highlight the continued need for a reliable and dense in situ observational monitoring network in mountain regions.
Uncertainty and trade-offs in quantum multiparameter estimation
Authors: Kull Ilya , Guérin Philippe Allard , Verstraete Frank
Published: March 2020

Uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics express bounds on our ability to simultaneously obtain knowledge about expectation values of non-commuting observables of a quantum system. They quantify trade-offs in accuracy between complementary pieces of information about the system. In quantum multiparameter estimation, such trade-offs occur for the precision achievable for different parameters characterizing a density matrix: an uncertainty relation emerges between the achievable variances of the different estimators. This is in contrast to classical multiparameter estimation, where simultaneous optimal precision is attainable in the asymptotic limit. We study trade-off relations that follow from known tight bounds in quantum multiparameter estimation. We compute trade-off curves and surfaces from Cramér–Rao type bounds which provide a compelling graphical representation of the information encoded in such bounds, and argue that bounds on simultaneously achievable precision in quantum multiparameter estimation should be regarded as measurement uncertainty relations. From the state-dependent bounds on the expected cost in parameter estimation, we derive a state-independent uncertainty relation between the parameters of a qubit system.
Clash detection analysis with BIM-based software on midrise building construction project
Authors: Savitri D M , Juliastuti  , Pramudya A A
Published: March 2020

The goal of this research is to conduct clash detection analysis using BIM-based software for construction of mid-rise building using the BIM technology. The research method implemented in this study is analysis of clash detection using building information modeling (BIM) software for structural, architectural, and MEP of mid-rise building in Jakarta. The result of this thesis is BIM-based 3D construction modelling, the analysis of clash detection which detected namely 104 clashes within overall models, and the estimate analysis of change in construction cost due to clash resolves with result of nearly 1% change of cost and quantity within structural, and MEP model.
Evaluation of infrastructures and riparian area toward the potency of debris flow effect in Putih river watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Ikhsan Jazaul , Assabiqi S M , Harsanto P , Nursetiawan
Published: March 2020

Putih River is one of the rivers which was affected by debris flow after the eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. The impact of the damage included riparian areas and infrastructures took place along the river. This research aims to evaluate the condition of riparian area in Putih river watershed with the established rules of Indonesian government and conditions of infrastructures that constructed along the river. The research was carried out by field survey that supported by Survey123 for ArcGIS and data processing using ArcGIS software. Based on the results, it shows that Jumoyo village had the largest of riparian area with 2.1 Ha for riparian area by 5 m width and 10 Ha for riparian area by 50 m width. The result also showed that Jumoyo village had the highest approximate population number within the riparian areas with 656 people for riparian area with 5 m width and 1465 people for riparian area with 50 m width. From the field survey result, it shows that there are 35 buildings/infrastructures in Putih River, consisting of 2 dams, 11 bridges, 1 ground sill, 20 sabo dams, and 1 sand pocket.
Evaluation of micro-scale drainage systems in Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta
Authors: Khamdani Rahmat , Sutjiningsih Dwita , Anggraheni Evi
Published: March 2020

Kelapa Gading is one of the sub-districts located in North Jakarta which consists of low-level plains prone to flooding. One of the areas in Kelapa Gading that is most severely affect by the floods is in front of the Mall of Indonesia (MOI). Based on earlier research, it has been reported that one of the causes of flooding in Kelapa Gading is its drainage system’s inability to pass the flood discharge. Therefore, this study discusses the micro-scale drainage system in the MOI catchment area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the micro-scale drainage system in the Mall of Indonesia (MOI) area by comparing the results of the calculation of the flood discharge of the planned catchment area with the capacity of the drainage channels using the help of WinTR-20 and HEC-RAS applications. From the simulation results using the two applications, it can be seen that all micro drainage channels in the MOI catchment area are able to pass flood discharge up to period of 25 years, except in reach 6. Based on this, an open drainage system analysis is carried out into a polder system by placing two pumps with a capacity of 0.25 m3/s. With this proposed polder system design, the flooding in the MOI catchment area can contain the discharge up to a 25-year return period floodings.
Damage assessment of moment resisting frame structures using corelation between damage index and natural frequency
Authors: Asmarani Shabrina , Rastandi Josia Irwan , Bangkit Sentosa Bastian Okto , Orientilize Mulia
Published: March 2020

Damage index is a define scale to describe damage of the structure due to earthquake. Several studies of damage index have been carried out on reinforced structures, but not many studies performed on steel structures. Numerical research about damage index on moment resisting frame of steel structure has been conducted. Monotonic and semi-cyclic pushover analyses using OpenSEES software was carried out to obtain the index. Two paramaters that affect the damage index value are the displacement ratio and energy absorbsion. Damage index value of MRF obtained in this research is governed by the displacement ratio. The main objective of this study is to correlate damage index and the natural frequency. SAP2000 is used to get the natural frequency through modal analysis. The results show that natural frequency can be used to assess structural damage. Hence, structural health monitoring can be simplied by assesing the natural frequency.
The effect of bridge abutment shape variation toward flow velocity characteristic
Authors: Setyandito Oki , Alexander Michael R. D , Juliastuti  , Andrew J.P , Wijayanti Yureana
Published: March 2020

Lots of bridge failure phenomenon caused by scour on pier foundation or abutment. One of the most important factors of the bridge is the abutment. Abutment is a structure, built at the edge of the bridge. Abutment is designed to hold the weight of the bridge and over the bridge. The structure of abutment usually planted in to the river. One of methods to minimize the scour impact is considering the shape and design of abutment. This research aims to find out the effect of abutment model or shape variation (semi-circular end abutment, wing wall abutment and spill through abutment) toward the change of velocity using Flow-3D for numerical modeling, the physical test to validation the flow condition and analyze the characteristic sediment transport pattern using Hjulstörm curve. The result of research state that the spill through abutment is the most effective model to keep the stability of flow velocity around the abutment. Correlation between Froude Number (Fr) with Relative Longitudinal Distance Ratio is discussed in this paper. Then, Hjulstörm curve shows that with bed material diameter (d
50) of 0,54 mm, sediment transport in the entire abutment model located at erosion zone.
Performance evaluation of shear wall shapes using pushover analysis (case study: green sedayu tower 1 apartment, Cengkareng, West Jakarta)
Authors: Suangga Made , Furkon Muhammad Chairul
Published: March 2020

Shearwall plays an important role in resisting shear force generated from earthquake loads. The lay out of the shear wall is very influential on the performance of the shear wall in receiving lateral forces. To investigate how the shear wall layout affecting the performance of the structure to lateral load, pushover analysis on 27 storey structure with three different shear wall shape is conducted. The three shapes of shear wall layout considered are shear wall with C shape layout, shear wall with I shape lay-out and shear wall with L shape lay-out. The shear capacities of the structure with different shear wall shapes were checked against the design requirement in SNI 1726-2012. ETABS software were used for push over analysis. Their ductility and structural performance level based on the ATC-40 method were compared for both in x direction and y direction. From the results of the pushover over analysis it was found that shear wall with C shape layout is the most favorable since it has the highest structural stiffness and smaller drift.
Sustainable water management: a review study on integrated water supply (case study on special district of Yogyakarta)
Authors: Wijayanti Yureana , Fittkow Markus , Budihardjo Kadarwati , Purwadi  , Setyandito Oki
Published: March 2020

Yogyakarta Province development in the past decade has been attracting many investors, especially in tourism and education sectors. This growth resulted in increasing of population and water demand. An understanding of the water condition and possible solutions for this problem is very important in order to formulate an effective and sustainable water management. Therefore, this review paper aims to evaluate the key approaches for sustainable water management, using the case study of Yogyakarta Province. The method used in this study is a comprehensive literature survey about sustainable water management approach, such as efficient water use, expanding water supply, and managed aquifer recharge. This study also consist of information to present and support the stakeholder and policy makers to develop an integrated water supply management that in allignment with the integrated management goal of the Indonesian Government.
Modified clay material as an alternative for wall covering
Authors: Wangidjaja Welly
Published: March 2020

With the development of building material technology nowadays, the options to do the job would be easier and quicker. Modified Clay Material (MCM) is the material with amazing appearance. The quality of MCM products made from mixing of the inherent colours of Modified Clay. The study was conducted through descriptive method to know how the application and the use of Modified Clay Material (MCM) as an alternative material for wall covering. The result of this study show that this material is able to recreate the unique features and characteristics of natural stone, woods, bricks, metal & leather.
The application of healing space concept in holistic care facilities: a brief guideline for design
Authors: Sabar Dian Pramudianti , Djimantoro Michael Isnaeni
Published: March 2020

Increased levels of density in cities frequently have various negative impacts if not handled properly. By providing a means that has a comprehensive health management starting from the body, mind and spirit, which contributes to the recovery of health and illness, becomes one solution that can be done to improve the level of health and also as a means of promoting health, preventing disease and helping to improve aware of the disease in our lives. The link between health and the surrounding environment can be proven in a dimension that integrates visual, auditory, olfactory, kinaesthetic, vestibular and proprioception sensations win the form of room quality that can support the health process indirectly. This paper aims to discuss the importance of the importance of applying a quality space based on the healing space principle by examining the literature review. The result is a brief design guideline for holistic care centre with healing spaces concept.
The application of Batak Toba ornaments in the architecture of the Catholic Church as an effort to design sustainable traditions
Authors: Roesli Christianto , Rachmayanti  , Simanjuntak Polin M
Published: March 2020

Batak Toba traditional house is one of the architectural treasures of the archipelago. Traditional Batak Toba House Architecture is a vernacular architecture that grows and develops from the local wisdom of ethnic communities and anchors on tradition, and is built by craftsmen based on experience (trial and error), using local techniques and materials and is an answer to the environmental settings where the building is located and always open to transformation. When building a Batak Toba traditional house, local people still understand the natural environment around the ecosystem. But in its current development, Batak Toba traditional community homes have undergone many changes, both in the form, space and use of ornaments and building materials. As a step so that the traditions of local wisdom are not extinct, it is necessary to preserve and apply the traditional forms and ornaments to the architecture of the Catholic Church as an effort to sustain the traditional architecture.
Re-programming Sa’o, pursuing sustainable architecture in Ngada traditional house: a recommendation
Authors: Chadijah S , Fajarwati Ade A S
Published: March 2020

Traditional house is cultural heritage owned by a nation recognized with its identity and history, memory, and culture. On its development in this modern era, buildings that was created by its local values have changed on its function and utilization. Sa’o as traditional house of Ngada people likewise has changed in interpretation and function. Through adaptive reuse, it became most popular approach in the earlier 21th century along with sustainability issue in architecture. Altering the interior spaces can achieve the conception of adaptive reuse which creates sustainability. This concept is related to culture, economic, and environmental aspect. This research offers recommendation to undertake adaptive reuse concept in Sa’o traditional house in order to gain preservation and commercial value.
Model development of Pasar Gedhe Hardjonegoro, Surakarta for sustainable tourism
Authors: Soebiyan V , Bobby Saragih J F , Wondoamiseno K
Published: March 2020

Surakarta is currently being developed as a tourist destination that focuses on historical, religious, cultural and traditional tourism. One of the historical and cultural tourist destination which has great potential is Pasar Gedhe Hardjonegaro central market, which is a cultural heritage building. The development of the central market as a tourist destination is expected to improve this valuable place as one of the cultural and historical tourism destination. This paper aims to formulate the strategies to develop the Pasar Gedhe central market as the tourist destination towards sustainable tourism. For this purpose, a literature review was carried out to understand several terms and definitions, respect to sustainable tourism. This paper explores and discusses the aspects for developing a central market as a tourist destination and identifies the aspects for sustainable tourism by interpreting tourism in the context of sustainable development. The strategies are found by improving the local and cultural value, and the qualities and characteristics of place.
Redesign pedestrian-way in blok m area as a pathway of sustainable urban mobility
Authors: Mariana Yosica , Yulis Ardhito
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a study of the redesign of pedestrian-way in the Blok M area as part of the implementation of sustainable urban mobility. The background of this study is to create sustainable transport planning in order to minimize the impact of traveling to the environment. Jakarta is among the most polluted cities in the world with the biggest contributor to pollution in the transportation sector. According to this case, there needs to encourage the public can shift using mass public transportation and leaving private vehicles as a commuter vehicle. Promotion of public transportation mode must be accompanied by the construction of road infrastructure that focuses on pedestrian according to sustainable urban mobility principles. Pedestrian-way had a role of connecting between modes. By consider the criteria that exist in public spaces design, it is necessary to adjust the facilities provided in order to create an attractive and comfortable space for users who pass through it.
Application of biophilic architecture in apartment design
Authors: Ardiani Yanita Mila , Prawata Albertus Galih , Sholihin Amir
Published: March 2020

According to UN Habitat related to Environmentally Sustainable, Healthy and Livable Human Settlements, an artificial environment has an impact on people’s well-being, behavior and also on human health. At this time, Apartment design is a public space as a place for residents to socialize already lost, it was caused by the design itself. Even though an open space can be interacting and having ecological functions for the surrounding environment. The application of biophilic design in apartment is felt to be very necessary because it is able to help humans by providing a sense of comfort, calm and healing effect on a dwelling is needed.
A study of an adaptive building façade in West Jakarta
Authors: Saputra SH , Hendarti R , Tomasowa R
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a study of irradiance level over a building envelope in order to plan an adaptive façade. The main objective of this study is to reduce the level of solar radiation incident on the building envelope. The building is located in Jakarta. The step of the study is as follows: (1) to create an initial building mass as the reference, (2) to create several alternatives of building forms to find the optimum reduction of the irradiance level, and (3) to study shading aids and its implementation on the building. The reduction of the irradiance level can be as high as 40% from the original building form by implanting the selective adaptive facade.
Role of green information system in developing corporate reputation and co-creation-innovation to attain sustainable performance
Authors: Mihardjo Leonardus WW , Sasmoko  , Alamsjah Firdaus , Elidjen
Published: March 2020

Service dominance was constructed by integrating co-creation and digital service innovation, also known as the ‘co-creation-innovation’ model. It was supported by the strength of existing firms, which is corporate reputation. The concept of co-creation-innovation itself is based on the theory of service dominant (S-D) logic. Past studies have focused on the critical elements of co-creation (CC) and digital service innovation (DSI), as well as corporate reputation (CR) in shaping a sustainable performance (SP). However, the study of co-creation-innovation and CR and its relationship to green environment has not been intensively explored. This study has aim to oversee the role of Green Information System (GIS; Green IS) in the development of corporate reputation and co-creation-innovation in order to attain sustainable performance. The study was conducted using a sample size of 195 respondents representing Indonesian telecommunication firms. Smart PLS was used as the statistical tool for analyses. Findings demonstrate that green IS directly and indirectly has a significant relationship on corporate reputation, CC and DSI. However, CR has a direct impact on CC but no direct impact on DSI. The limitations and implications of the current study and recommendations for future study is also discussed in this paper.
Sustainable industrial systems through strategic laboratory equipment industry
Authors: Nugroho Soebandrija Khristian Edi , Khair Fauzi , Wijaya Dendhy Indra
Published: March 2020

This paper conveys the theoretical perspectives of sustainable industrial systems through Strategic Laboratory Equipment Industry, within scope of PT. Promedika Sejahtera (PPS). PT Promedika Sejahtera is a company engaged in the laboratory equipment industry, that need its strategic touch on its Strategic Laboratory Equipment. Products sold by the company are Oxygen, Medical Equipment, Ultraviolet System, Activated Carbon Filter, Pempers, and Underpad. Products that exist in the company are not in their own production in the production from abroad. PT Promedika Sejahtera merely sell the laboratory equipment. Yet, the company has various types of consumers namely hospitals, hospital cooperatives, pharmacies, factories, and water equipment RO shops. In this paper, strategic laboratory equipment industry refers specifically to inventory within the supply chain management perspectives. This paper constitutes collaboration with other papers on Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Re-Order Point (ROP), and Safety Stock (SS), that convolutes Forecasting, ABC Analysis, and Partial Least Square (PLS). Yet, this paper refers to its focus merely on Forecasting, Demand Pattern, Exponential Smoothing and EOQ. As part of conclusion, this paper conveys several highlighted remarks. Those remarks refer to ABC Analysis. The grouping of goods using ABC Analysis Method is divided into three groups: A with 80% priority, group B with 20% priority and group C with 10% priority. The number of goods in group A is 12 items, group B 18 item type and group C are 30 items of goods. Forecasting demand required by the Company for 2018 based on priority group A can be done using the Double Exponential Smoothing (Holt’s) Method because the pattern pattern possessed from the previous year’s sales data has no seasonal but has a random trend. The results of these calculations can be seen from the table of existing research results. Ultimately, Future research is deemed indispensable within novelty purpose for the industrial system sustainability within Strategic Laboratory Equipment Industry.
Time accelaration of offshore EPC project using FMEA, FTA, CPM and crashing method at PT XYZ
Authors: Safira Dian , Safitri Fakhnida , Kamal Hilwa , Meilani  , Sujana Caroline Maretha , Andika Aditya
Published: March 2020

The pipe instalation of offshore EPC project has high risk of cost overruns due to the uncertainty of weather, human errors, pipe fabriction process, etc. All of those risks will cause the project delay. The optimiziation of risk based project scheduling can reduce the risks. Risk management can be optimized with combining some methods, such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Critical Path Method (CPM) and Crashing Project method. The combination of these methods are used to do the data analysis in order to reduce the project total duration. Based on analysis using FMEA, FTA, CPM and crashing project method, the total of project duration can be reduced from 499 days to 489 days with Rp. 6.822.472,- as the additional cost of workers.
Heat Transfer Analysis for New Product Development
Authors: Sahroni T R
Published: March 2020

This project presents an analysis of heat and mass transfer in designing a new product development. The problem in designing of electronic components to be mounted in Printed circuit board (PCB) is very complex due to significantly influence to reliability, safety, and cost effective. The objective of this study is to carry out the current problems related with heat and mass transfer analysis. The methodology used is started from cross-sectional heat transfer surface, Reynolds Number, heat transfer coefficient, heat flux, and last the maximum total power required. The result shows that a 15cm x 20cm of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) has an optimal heat and mass transfer coefficient to meet reliability and safety. In addition, the power degeneracy as function of the air velocity and the surface temperature are plotted. The simulation was generated, and it is represent the air velocity is vary from 1 m/s to 15 m/s and the external temperature surrounding on the printed circuit board is identified from 30°C to 100°C. As the result, the comprehensive value of heat and mass transfer coefficient is presented for new product development purposes.
Computer Vision and Fuzzy Logic for Sustainable Indonesian Fisheries
Authors: Liawatimena Suryadiputra , Atmadja Wiedjaja , Abbas Bahtiar Saleh , Trisetyarso Agung , Wibowo Antoni , Barlian Erland , Hardanto Lilik Tri , Saputra Adi , Sakinah Putri , Purwoko Hery , Zulardi Indra
Published: March 2020

Tuna fishing in Indonesia is excessive and if left unchecked, some types of tuna will become extinct within 3-10 years. There is an urgent need to help MMAF for producing more accurate fish catches data. This paper proposed a system that utilizes computer vision, fuzzy logic and Global Positioning System (GPS) for supporting a sustainableIndonesian fishery by recognizing and measuring fish length, determine fish age and where is the catch location. The system can help authority to manage sustainable fisheries management in Indonesia.
Eco Friendly Emergency Alert System (EFEAS) based on microcontroller and android application
Authors: Syahputra Muhammad Edo , Hutabarat Daniel Patricko , Budijono Santoso , Lukas Jonathan
Published: March 2020

Eco Friendly Emergency Alert System (EFEAS) is a home security system that aims to help residents to get emergency response assistance when a threat enters their home. EFEAS is developed using a microcontroller, android application and solar panel devices. Microcontroller is used to develop a main device of EFEAS that functions to activate siren, send SMS, switch electrical power from solar panels to conventional source or vice versa, and communicate with an android smartphone. Android application is developed and used to connect the android smartphone to the system. This system will activate sirene, send alerts and the location of the house when the panic button pushed by the user. With the implementation of this system residents are expected to be able to get faster handling when there are hazardous conditions in the house. This system developed can achieve the objective of being able to be operated using an Android smartphone to control all components within the system with 100% successful rate to send SMS within 13 seconds and 100% successful rate to switch between solar panel and adaptor.
Wearable Device for Restaurant Operational that Employs People with Hearing Impairment
Authors: Susanto Rudy , Oktavianus W , Prayogo W , Budijono Santoso , Wijaya Rico
Published: March 2020

Speed in serving consumers is one of the top priorities in restaurants. To provide fast and precise service, it needed a device that is able to help the operational system at restaurant. This research focus on creating a device that can help operational system at restaurant that can be controlled using the smartphone. The device is designed to combine several components that were merged into a wearable device. The result is wearable devices that can last 7 hours 34 minutes with 2 hours charging time, average operating distance 35.3 m, and 5% error glitch.
YOLO Algorithm Accuracy Analysis in Detecting Amount of Vehicles at the Intersection
Authors: Dewantoro N , Fernando P N , Tan Sofyan
Published: March 2020

The goal of this research is to find out YOLO algorithm’s effectiveness on detecting the number of vehicle on road. Our activity in this research is conduct training using a dataset that we created ourselves and do traffic recording simulation in a lot of scenario using YOLO original datasets and our own datasets. The result of this research is YOLO algorithm successfully detects vehicles as much as 65.3% of the total vehicles passing on the highway and gives the wrong label as much as 20.7% of the total label given if using YOLO original dataset. YOLO algorithm successfully detects vehicles as much as 9,3% of the total vehicles passing on the highway and gives the wrong label as much as 7,4% of the total label given if using our own dataset.
Designing Web-based Database Applications in CV Bahagia
Authors: Alaydrus M F , Farhanudin F , Ismail F S , Luhukay D
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper are to analyze, and design web-based database system for operational acitivities, that use to assets storage or company document as well as booking online from client to CV Bahagia. This paper consists of data collection methods which include observation, interview and research. The other method that used for this database design is Database System Development Life Cycle (DSDLC). The results achieved are speed up operational activity CV Bahagia and minimize the chance of fraud in operational activities perpetrated by staff who work in CV Bahagia. To improve the company’s service, it is advisable to develop a live chat feature and custom design for stage and tent from client. So can more easily relate to client and can also fill orders in accordance with the wishes of the client.
The prevalence and impact of potentially inappropriate prescribing among older persons in primary care settings: multilevel meta-analysis
Authors: Liew Tau Ming , Lee Cia Sin , Goh Shawn Kuan Liang , Chang Zi Ying
Published: March 2020

Background

Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) may not have received as much attention in primary care settings (compared to tertiary hospital and nursing home settings), due to uncertainty about its prevalence in this healthcare setting. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarise the prevalence of PIP specific to primary care settings and computed the population attributable risk (PAR) to estimate the impact of PIP in primary care.

Method

We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and previous review articles for studies related to ‘older persons’, ‘primary care’ and ‘inappropriate prescribing’. Two reviewers selected eligible articles, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias. Multilevel meta-analysis was conducted to pool the prevalence estimates across the included studies, while meta-regression was conducted to investigate the sources of heterogeneity.

Results

Of the 4,259 articles identified, we included 67 articles with 111 prevalence estimates and a total of 5,054,975 participants. Overall, PIP had a pooled prevalence of 33.3% (95% CI 29.7–37.0%). Based on population attributable risks, PIP explained 7.7–17.3% of adverse outcomes related to older persons in primary care. If current PIP prevalence is halved, 37–79 cases of adverse outcomes may potentially be prevented (per 1,000 adverse outcomes).

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate the relevance and potential impact of PIP specific to primary care settings. Given the increasingly central role that primary care plays in coordinating healthcare, the findings highlight the need to prioritise PIP intervention in primary care as a key strategy to reduce iatrogenic medication-related harm among older persons in current healthcare system.
Solidarity in the Galilee
Authors: Bashkin Orit
Published: March 2020

Adel Manna’s Nakba and Survival: The Story of the Palestinians Who Remained in Haifa and the Galilee, 1948–1956 appeared in Arabic and Hebrew in 2016–2017. Manna’s book gives voice to the experience of the first generation of Palestinians living within the State of Israel. Here, four scholars of Palestinian and Israeli history review Nakba and Survival and weigh its importance for reckoning with the entangled history of the creation of Israel and the related dispossession of Palestinians during and after 1948.
Twenty Years Socioeconomic Trajectories in Older Adults with Varying Alcohol Use: A Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Mejldal Anna , Andersen Kjeld , Behrendt Silke , Bilberg Randi , Christensen Anne Illemann , Lau Cathrine Juel , Möller Sören , Nielsen Anette Søgaard
Published: March 2020

Aims

The objective of this paper was to examine 20-year trends of the socioeconomic status (SES) measures income and employment and their association with current alcohol use behaviors in Danish adults aged 60–70.

Methods

Data from The Danish National Health Survey 2013 and the baseline assessment of the Elderly Study (2013–2016) were combined to form four groups from the general population with various drinking patterns, but with no recent treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), and one group seeking treatment: Abstinent (n = 691), low- (n = 1978), moderate- (n = 602), and high-risk (HR) drinkers (n = 467), and DSM-5 AUD seeking treatment (n = 262). For all groups, Danish national register data were linked at the individual level obtain find annual information on income and employment during the 20 years prior to interview. Mixed effects models were utilized to model trajectories of income and employment for the five groups.

Results

Lower income and employment status was observed from middle-aged adulthood when comparing 12-month abstinence or AUD to individuals with low or moderate alcohol consumption. At the end of the study period, moderate-risk drinkers experienced an increase, and HR drinkers a decrease, in income and rate of employment relative to the low-risk drinkers.

Conclusions

Alcohol use behaviors observed in older adults are related to distinct long-term trajectories regarding income and employment status, which are observable already in middle-aged adulthood.
Thomas Richard (Dick) Carson (1930–2019)
Authors: Jeffery Simon
Published: March 2020

Simon Jeffery recalls a dedicated colleague whose work made stellar opacities and pulsations central to models of stellar evolution.
Guide for authors: How to submit an article
Authors: Bowler Sue
Published: March 2020

How to submit an article for publication in A&G
Citizen science: The past 200 years
Authors: Lintott Chris
Published: March 2020

Chris Lintott reviews a successful modern approach to astronomical research that has surprisingly deep historical roots.
Alfvén on heating by waves
Authors: De Moortel Ineke , Falconer Isobel , Stack Robert
Published: March 2020

Ineke De Moortel, Isobel Falconer and Robert Stack explore the achievements and influence of Hannes Alfvén, in particular his seminal Monthly Notices paper of 1947 on the heating of the solar corona.
Juvenile socio-ecological environment shapes material technology in nest-building birds
Authors: Breen Alexis J , Lovie Keren E , Guerard Chloé , Edwards Sophie C , Cooper Jasmine , Healy Susan D , Guillette Lauren M
Published: March 2020

Variation in animal material technology, such as tool use and nest construction, is thought to be caused, in part, by differences in the early-life socio-ecological environment—that is, who and what is around—but this developmental hypothesis remains unconfirmed. We used a tightly controlled developmental paradigm to determine whether adult and/or raw-material access in early life shape first-time nest construction in laboratory-bred zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata at sexual maturity. We found that juvenile access to both an unrelated adult and raw material of one color led to a majority preference (75%) by novice builders for this color of material over that for either natal-nest or novel-colored material, whereas a lack of juvenile access to both an unrelated adult and raw material led to a 4- and nearly 3-fold reduction in the speed at which novice builders initiated and completed nest construction, respectively. Contrary to expectation, neither the amount of time juveniles nor their adult groupmate spent handling the raw material appear to drive these early-life effects on zebra finches’ first-time nest construction, suggesting that adult presence might be sufficient to drive the development of animal material technology. Together these data show that the juvenile socio-ecological environment can trigger variation in at least two critical aspects of animal material technology (material preference and construction speed), revealing a potentially powerful developmental window for technological advancement. Thus, to understand selection on animal material technology, the early-life environment must be considered.
The use and performance of survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices for possible inclusion in stock assessments of coastal-dependent species
Authors: Le Pape Olivier , Vermard Youen , Guitton Jérome , Brown Elliot J , van de Wolfshaar Karen E , Lipcius Romuald N , Støttrup Josianne G , Rose Kenneth A
Published: March 2020

We reviewed the use of survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices in short-term recruitment forecasts for fish species relying on coastal habitats at the juvenile stage and that are assessed by ICES. We collated information from stock assessment reports and from a questionnaire filled out by the stock assessors. Among the 78 stocks with juvenile coastal dependence, 49 use short-term forecasts in stock assessment. Survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices were available for 35 of these stocks, but only 14 were used to forecast recruitment. The questionnaire indicated that the limited use of survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices was primarily due to sampling inefficiency, which may preclude reliable recruitment estimates. The sampling is inefficient because the juvenile coastal distribution is outside the geographical area covered by large-scale surveys or targeted coastal surveys are conducted on limited spatial and temporal scales. However, our analysis of the relationship between survey-based pre-recruit indices and assessment-generated recruitment indices revealed that survey-based pre-recruit abundance indices were sufficiently accurate to provide useful information for predicting future recruitment. We recommend expansion of the use of survey-based indices of pre-recruit abundance in stock assessment and recruitment forecasting, and consideration of how to include juveniles in ongoing and future surveys.
The neglected contributions of William Beebe to the natural history of the deep-sea
Authors: Dolan John R
Published: March 2020

William Beebe (1877–1962) was a very popular 20th century naturalist and an early proponent of studying all organisms in a habitat. Beebe’s deep-sea work began with his Arcturus Oceanographic Expedition in 1925 with sampling closely modelled on the Michael Sars deep-sea expedition. Dissatisfied with ship-based sampling of stations for a few days at best, he established a field laboratory in Bermuda to do intensive deep-water sampling. From 1929 to 1934, plankton net tows were carried out at the same site, over several months each year, totalling over 1500 net tows in deep waters. Here, the sampling efforts and results are reviewed from both the Arcturus Expedition and the Bermuda station. Study of the deep-sea samples yielded 43 scientific articles, published from 1926 to 1952, on a large variety of taxa. Beebe is still a popular figure connected in the public view with deep-sea exploration from his famous Bathysphere dives at the Bermuda site. However, his name rarely, if ever, appears in academic reviews of deep-sea biology or deep-sea expeditions. This study is an attempt to draw attention to Beebe’s considerable scientific deep-sea work and provide some speculation as to why his contributions might be neglected.
Determinants of growth measurements in rural Cambodian infants: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miyazaki Asuka , Matsui Mitsuaki , Tung Rathavy , Taing Bunsreng , White Laura V , Iwamoto Azusa , Cox Sharon E
Published: March 2020

Background

Inappropriate feeding and hygiene practices and poor environment are associated with malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the contributions of feeding, hygiene practices and recent illness to the nutritional status of rural Cambodian infants and any sex-specific differences.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, nested within an ongoing birth cohort, trained fieldworkers conducted anthropometry and collected information from the main caregiver during home visits. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate associations with nutritional status as length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ).

Results

A total of 156 children, 87 (55.8%) male, ages 0–11 months were enrolled. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (WLZ <−2) in males and females was 2.3% (2/87) and 5.8% (4/69), respectively, and 23.0% (20/87) of males and 14.5% (10/69) of females were stunted (LAZ <−2). WLZ but not LAZ decreased with age. WLZ was independently negatively associated with increasing age (β-coefficient −0.14 [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.20 to −0.08], p<0.001), and regular use of feeding bottles (β-coefficient −0.46 [95% CI −0.83 to −0.10], p=0.014), and positively with handwashing with soap (β-coefficient 0.40 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.75), p=0.027).

Conclusions

The prevalence of acute malnutrition was low, but stunting was prevalent without evidence of a sex difference. Non-linear growth faltering was associated with increasing age and hygiene/feeding practices.
Oral fosfomycin use for pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infections: a 1 year review of outcomes and prescribing habits in a large municipal healthcare system
Authors: Hatlen Timothy J , Flor Richard , Nguyen Megan H , Lee Grace H , Miller Loren G
Published: March 2020

Background

The rising incidence of MDR uropathogens has driven increased use of oral fosfomycin for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs). However, there are limited data to support its use for cUTI, especially pyelonephritis.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of all oral fosfomycin prescriptions between 1 January and 31 December 2017 in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Service system, the second largest US municipal health system. We examined demographics, clinical characteristics, adverse events and 30 day treatment success for patients with cUTI. Follow-up urine cultures till 31 December 2018 were examined for emergence of fosfomycin resistance.

Results

Of 154 patients prescribed fosfomycin, 99 (64%) had cUTI. Of these, 39 (39%) had lower tract, 37 (37%) pyelonephritis and 23 (23%) non-pyelonephritis upper tract cUTI. Escherichia coli ESBL producers were the predominant pathogens (73%). Of the 63 patients with 30 day follow-up, 49 (78%) had clinical success, including 16/20 (80%) treated for pyelonephritis. Treatment failure was associated with male sex (P < 0.01), urological abnormalities (P = 0.05), non-E. coli cUTI (P = 0.03) and receipt of <25% IV therapy prior to fosfomycin switch (P = 0.03). Of patients prescribed fosfomycin (n = 154), fosfomycin-resistant E. coli were found in 9/64 (14%) of the patients with follow-up urine cultures >30 days after initial treatment.

Conclusions

Despite the lack of data supporting its use, we found that most patients receiving oral fosfomycin off-label for cUTI, including pyelonephritis, had clinical success. However, emergence of subsequent resistance warrants caution. Prospective comparative studies should be done to better evaluate oral fosfomycin use for cUTI.
Efficacy of single and multiple oral doses of fosfomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections in a dynamic in vitro bladder infection model
Authors: Abbott Iain J , van Gorp Elke , Wijma Rixt A , Dekker Jordy , Croughs Peter D , Meletiadis Joseph , Mouton Johan W , Peleg Anton Y
Published: March 2020

Objectives

We used a dynamic bladder infection in vitro model with synthetic human urine (SHU) to examine fosfomycin exposures to effectively kill, or prevent emergence of resistance, among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Methods

Dynamic urinary fosfomycin concentrations after 3 g oral fosfomycin were simulated, comparing single and multiple (daily for 7 days) doses. Pharmacodynamic response of 16 P. aeruginosa (MIC range 1 to >1024 mg/L) were examined. Baseline disc diffusion susceptibility, broth microdilution MIC and detection of heteroresistance were assessed. Pathogen kill and emergence of resistance over 72 h following a single dose, and over 216 h following daily dosing for 7 days, were investigated. The fAUC0–24/MIC associated with stasis and 1, 2 and 3 log10 kill were determined.

Results

Pre-exposure high-level resistant (HLR) subpopulations were detected in 11/16 isolates after drug-free incubation in the bladder infection model. Five of 16 isolates had >2 log10 kill after single dose, reducing to 2/16 after seven doses. Post-exposure HLR amplification occurred in 8/16 isolates following a single dose and in 11/16 isolates after seven doses. Baseline MIC ≥8 mg/L with an HLR subpopulation predicted post-exposure emergence of resistance following the multiple doses. A PK/PD target of fAUC0–24/MIC >5000 was associated with 3 log10 kill at 72 h and 7 day-stasis.

Conclusions

Simulated treatment of P. aeruginosa urinary tract infections with oral fosfomycin was ineffective, despite exposure to high urinary concentrations and repeated daily doses for 7 days. Emergence of resistance was observed in the majority of isolates and worsened following prolonged therapy. Detection of a baseline resistant subpopulation predicted treatment failure.