bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of HIV Prevention Programming: Moving From Intervention to System
Authors: Valdiserri Ronald O.
Published: July 2018

Accelerating the fight against HIV globally and achieving the goals of the U.S. National HIV/AIDS Strategy will require an integrated health system that addresses all dimensions of wellness and is not limited to disease diagnosis and treatment or to monolithic prevention strategies. Since the HIV/AIDS epidemic was first recognized in 1981, HIV prevention strategies have evolved from early, information-based efforts to theory-informed and evidence-based approaches. More recently, the growing recognition that social and economic factors play a major role in shaping population health outcomes has driven HIV prevention and care programs in the direction of “people-centered health systems,” as called for in the 2016 United Nations General Assembly declaration to end AIDS by 2030. This commentary examines recent innovations in HIV program design and implementation (e.g., using data in novel ways to improve HIV health outcomes, providing incentives to promote integrated HIV prevention and care, and developing mechanisms to proactively address the social determinants affecting health) that embrace a comprehensive vision of health that is much broader than the absence of detectable virus.
Economic and Policy Analytic Approaches to Inform the Acceleration of HIV Prevention in the United States: Future Directions for the Field
Authors: Martin Erika G. , Rosenberg Eli S. , Holtgrave David R.
Published: July 2018

The fields of economic and policy analysis have long played a role in quantifying the burden of the HIV epidemic and informing how to best deploy interventions and policies aimed at maximizing HIV care and reducing transmission. Looking towards the ultimate goal of ending the AIDS epidemic, we describe five areas for further development and application towards HIV policies: (1) setting measurable objectives to create a vision and monitor progress, (2) taking a health and wellness approach to goal-setting, (3) using impact matrices to inform quantitative analysis to explicitly address health disparities, (4) conducting budget impact analyses to project annual program costs and benefits, and (5) advancing the public health systems and services research agenda.
Effectiveness of Endoscopic Application of Type I Human Collagen Solution in Treatment of Inhalation Injury
Authors: Galankina I. E. , Makarov A. V. , Mironov A. V. , Smirnov S. V. , Borovkova N. V. , Ponomarev I. N. , Gasanov A. M.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the studywas to determine the morphological characteristics of the repair process of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa after sanitation bronchoscopy using type I human  collagen solution  in patients with an inhalation  injury (II).

Materials and methods.  An open-label, randomized, prospective study included  59 patients with inhalation injury (2—3 severity  degree according  to the classification  of Yu. V. Sinev and A. Yu. Skripal'.  The main group consisted of 29 patients. They underwent a sanitation bronchoscopy using type I human collagen solution applied onto erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane.  The reference group consisted  of 30 patients who underwent sanitation bronchoscopy in accordance with the standards of medical care. In order to assess the morphological  dynamics  of the repair process of the mucous membrane,  a morphological  study  of the bioptate obtained during endoscopic studies was carried out. The solution for the application was prepared by acid extraction of type I human collagen from ligaments and tendons as described  earlier (Russian Federation invention patent No. RU 2591544 C1).

Results.Complete  epithelization of the tracheal  and bronchial mucosa occurred  significantly  earlier (4 (3; 7) days) in patients with the 2nd  degree inhalation injury when using type 1 collagen application, than in those without the application (7 (4; 9) days) (n=15 andn=21 respectively;U=49.5;P=0.0004). In the case of the 3rd  degree inhalation injury, coating of ulcers of the tracheobronchial tree mucosa with the collagen solution also significantly reduced the epithelialization period on average to 8 (7; 10) days, while after the standard sanitation bronchoscopy, this period was 17 (12; 22) days (n=14 andn=9  respectively;  U=1;P=0.0001). The morphological  changes in patients of the main group were characterized by the absence of signs of a purulent inflammation, early appearance of macrophages and lymphocytes, and covering of type I collagen by simple cuboidal epithelium, while in the reference group, there was a severe purulent inflammation manifested by polymorphonuclear leukocyte  infiltration.

Conclusion.The sanitation bronchoscopy with simultaneous closure of the damaged areas of the mucous membrane with the type I human collagen solution  results  in relief of the inflammatory process which is confirmed by morphological  studies.
Etiologic and Pathogenic Perinatal Factors for the Development of Intrauterine Infections in Newborns (Review)
Authors: Perepelitsa S. A.
Published: July 2018

For many decades, the world community’s efforts have been aimed at reducing the neonatal and infant mortality from intrauterine infections. In 1990, the United Nations and the World Health Organization set out the priority of decreasing children mortality by 2015 году. In spite of impressive success in newborn treatment, mortality due to sepsis decreases slowly; when survive, postnatal children develop central nervous system impairments of different level of severity. In the recent decade, new data have emerged concerning the methods of intrauterine infections prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. The purpose of the review is to present data concerning specifics of pregnancy course when infections develop, contemporary diagnostic methods including studies of interleukins, placenta morphology, allelic genes, and to reflect the current approach to the treatment of intrauterine infections in newborns.
Molecular Biomarkers for Prediction of Neurological Outcome after Sudden Circulatory Arrest (Review)
Authors: Golubev A. M. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Antonova V. V. , Zakharchenko V. E. , Petrova M. V. , Grechko A. V.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this review of the 81 publications is to discuss the current national and international data on the prediction of neurological outcomes after sudden circulatory arrest (SCA) using molecular biomarkers. The review discusses the current state of the problem of neurological outcomes after a sudden circulatory arrest, the principal therapeutic measures to improve these outcomes and currently available clinical, laboratory, and instrumental methods of diagnosis and prediction of neurological outcomes after a sudden circulatory arrest.
Wind-Solar Hybrid System Analysis for Westville, Indiana, USA
Authors: Rama Subba Reddy Gorla  , Rashid Salako  , Melissa Cowan  , Ryan Kelley  , Luke Fredenburg  , Vanessa Rivera  , Michael Steffen
Published: July 2018

Wind energy and solar energy are two of the most reliable energy sources on earth while also being environmentally safe and sufficient. The search for more reliable sources has brought the two energy sources together in areas that alone they would be insufficient. For a solar-wind hybrid system, the economic efficiency is strictly dependent on both resources combined to be efficient no matter the time or the location. The strength of one source can overcome the weakness of the other which makes this design so useful around most areas of the world.
Experimental Investigation and Analytical Study on the Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Beams
Authors: George Wardeh  , Elhem Ghorbel 
Published: July 2018

The paper presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of reinforced beams made of natural and recycled gravels under monotonic loading. 20x25x170 cm beams specimens were prepared using two reinforcement ratios and were cast from two concrete mixtures. The two concretes are respectively a mixture of natural aggregates and a concrete with 100% recycled gravels of C35/45 strength class, S4 class of workability and a constant W/C ratio.
The results reported in this paper are those of experiments performed in the framework of this study beside 118 data sets taken from the literature on the flexural behavior of natural (NAC) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).
The principal results of bending tests show that flexural capacity of recycled aggregate concrete beams is similar to the flexural capacity of natural aggregate concrete beams for the service and ultimate loading. However, cracking moment, maximum crack spacing, crack heights and deflection under serviceable load are affected by the use of recycled aggregates.
Experimental results of the extensive data base were compared to load-carrying capacities and deflections calculated according to Eurocode 2 (EC2). The comparisons show that the method of deflection calculation does not correctly predict the experimental results.
The Energy Absorption Capability of Composite Materials and Structures: Influence of Impact Loading
Authors: Sanjay Prasad  , Kalyan Kumar Singh  , Naresh Bhatnagar  , T. S. Srivatsan 
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the energy absorption capability of composite materials and performance-critical structures made from using these materials under conditions of impact loading is presented and discussed. An overview is provided of the key events associated with detonation and decomposition of an explosive that eventually culminates in the generation of a shock wave that exerts an impact type of loading on structures both in contact and in the immediate vicinity. The blast loads that culminate from an explosive often tend to generate very high strain rates in the range of 102/sec to 104/sec. The resultant high rate of loading does tend to exert an influence on dynamic mechanical properties of the targeted structure besides exerting an influence on damage mechanisms experienced by the structural element. The progressive use of composite materials for structures, such as sandwich panels, that essentially comprise of a mixture of composite face sheets and foam cores was shown by researchers, based on actual field test data, to offer few to many advantages over usual metal counterparts when it came to the purpose of offering acceptable blast resistance. Thus, it became both essential and desirable to assess the blast response of composite structures made using appropriate selection of composite materials. Through the years several independent research studies have been conducted to understand the influence of blast loading on the response kinetics of sandwich panels. Key highlights of the research done and resultant findings obtained from these studies is presented and briefly discussed The importance of both material selection and resultant structure for providing adequate protection against an impact type of loading caused by an explosive device, such as Improvised Explosive Device (IED), is highlighted through appropriate summary of research conducted and published in the open literature. The need and necessity for developing new and improved materials, composite in nature, that can be used for performance-critical structures that can also offer an enhanced level of safety to all personal involved in emphasized.
STATING AND DEFENDING NEW KNOWLEDGE CLAIM: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS ON THE DISCUSSION SECTION OF ENGLISH MASTER THESIS BY INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS
Authors: Warsito Warsito , Arsyad Safnil , Harahap Alamsyah
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT The discussion section is considered the most important section of a thesis but also the most difficult to write especially by university students. This study investigated the move-step and rhetorical pattern of discussion section in 20 English Master Theses written by Indonesian EFL postgraduate students. Following the model suggested by Loan and Pramoolsook (2015), this study found that students constructed the discussion section according to their perceived communicative purposes of discussion section. The most noticeable feature of the section is the occurrence of Move 2 (reporting results) and Move 4 (Commenting on results) occurring in all texts making them obligatory moves. In terms of step, interpreting results and referring to other studies in Move 4 are also considered as obligatory steps. The findings of this study are useful particularly for EFL students; that is to facilitate them to better understand the rhetorical structure of thesis discussion section when written in English.   ABSTRAK Bagian pembahasan dianggap sebagai bagian yang paling penting dalam tesis tetapi juga yang paling sulit ditulis terutama oleh mahasiswa atau penulis baru. Penelitian ini penting untuk menyelidiki pola retorika bagian pembahasan tesis mahasiswa magister bahasa Inggris yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa Indonesia. Mengikuti model yang disarankan oleh Loan and Pramoolsook (2015), penelitian ini menemukan bahwa mahasiswa mengorganisir bagian pembahasan sesuai dengan tujuan komunikatif yang mereka anggap penting. Tujuan komunikatif yang paling menonjol dari bagian ini adalah ‘Move’ 2 (tahapan melaporkan hasil peneitian) dan ‘Move’ 4 (tahapan mengomentari hasil penelitian) yang ditemukan di semua teks sehingga dianggap wajib. Dalam hal langkah (Steps), langkah menafsirkan hasil penelitian dan langkah mengacu pada penelitian terdahuluan dalam ‘Move’ 4 dianggap sebagai langkah wajib. Temuan penelitian ini berguna terutama untuk mahasiswa magister bahasa Inggris, yaitu untuk memudahkan mereka memahami struktur retorika dari bagian pembahasan tesis yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris.   How to Cite: Wasito., Syah, S. A., Harahap,  A. (2017). Stating and Defending New Knowledge Claim: a Rhetorical Analysis on the Discussion Section of English Master Thesis by Indonesian EFL Learners. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 188-207. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.6746
Evaluation of Myocardial Viability – Contrast and Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Leung Melissa ,   Department of Cardiology, University of New South Wales, Leung Dominic Y ,   Department of Cardiology, University of New South Wales
Published: July 2018

Viable myocardium are myocardial segments with reduced function that often appear dyssynergic. These dyssynergic myocardial segments are capable of functional recovery, either spontaneously or after the offending insult, usually ischaemia, is removed by revascularisation. Patients with impaired left ventricular function but with viable myocardium are at increased risk of death and adverse cardiovascular outcome. The detection and recognition of viable myocardium is critical for risk stratification, guiding the selection of patients likely to benefit from revascularisation and predicting left ventricular remodelling. Contrast and stress echocardiography are important clinical tools for the assessment of myocardial viability. An end diastolic wall thickness of <0.6cm at the dyssynergic segments generally indicates scarring. The presence of post-systolic thickening at these segments suggests either myocardial viability or ischaemia. Useful in assessing contractile reserve in dyssynergic segments, dobutamine echocardiography is an established tool for detecting myocardial viability with accuracies comparable to other techniques. A biphasic response is diagnostic and specific for hibernating myocardium. The newer techniques of strain and strain rate imaging are the focus of research activities and have been used in conjunction with dobutamine stress to improve overall accuracy. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is useful in assessing coronary microvascular integrity, a pre-requisite for myocardial viability. The presence of an intact coronary microvasculature alone is insufficient for myocardial viability, however, explaining the high sensitivity but low specificity of MCE for such purposes. MCE, therefore, with its high negative predictive value, should be used in conjunction with dobutamine stress for the identification of viable myocardium. Due to its availability, safety, relatively low costs and high accuracy, rest and stress echocardiography are indispensable tools in the assessment of myocardial viability.
Controlling Hypertension and Stroke Prevention – From Guideline to Clinical Practice
Authors: Xu Anding ,   Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Tan Zefeng ,   Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou
Published: July 2018

Hypertension is the most important of the prevalent and modifiable risk factors for stroke. Based on evidence, blood pressure (BP) lowering is recommended in guidelines for the prevention of stroke. However, there are still some uncertainties in the guidelines for controlling BP and preventing stroke in patients with previous cerebrovascular events, such as the goal BP, who to treat and which class of BP-lowering drugs to use. This article discusses these questions by reviewing guidelines and corresponding clinical trials, with the aim of reducing the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.
Controlling Blood Pressure without Drugs – Developing New Strategies
Authors: Schlaich Markus P ,   Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Esler Murray D ,   Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne
Published: July 2018

Non-optimal blood pressure is the leading cause of cardiovascular-related death worldwide, and each year is responsible for seven million deaths. Current therapeutic strategies for hypertension are mainly based on lifestyle interventions and pharmacological approaches, but rates of blood pressure control remain unsatisfactory and additional options are required. In this context, novel device-based approaches specifically targeting the sympathetic nervous system as a major player in blood pressure control have recently been tested clinically with promising results. Device-based approaches may provide additional and more effective treatment of hypertension and its adverse consequences in the future.
Why it is Important to Measure Blood Pressure at Home Rather than Just at the Clinic?
Authors: Daud Azani Mohamed ,   Gleneagles Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, and President, Malaysian Society of Hypertension
Published: July 2018

Hypertension is a major cause of mortality worldwide. out-of-office/clinic blood pressure (BP) measurements (ambulatory BP monitoring [ABPM] and home BP monitoring [HBPM]) are superior to office/clinic measurements for the accurate diagnosis and risk-stratification of hypertensive patients. ABPM is able to provide additional information regarding prognostically important circadian rhythm abnormalities. HBPM is the preferred choice of patients. When used in conjunction with telemonitoring, it has the potential to improve treatment compliance and overcome treatment inertia resulting in better BP control. Challenges remain in implementation of universal HBPM monitoring.
Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akashi Yoshihiro J ,   Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki City, Barbaro Giuseppe ,   Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Pathophysiology, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Miyake Fumihiko ,   Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz
Published: July 2018

In recent years, the number of documented cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, which occurs mainly in elderly women, has been increasing all over the world. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presents quite similar symptoms to acute anterior myocardial infarction, but with normal coronary arteries and left ventricular apical ballooning. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been recognised as a source of acute heart failure, lethal ventricular arrhythmia and ventricular rupture. The onset mechanism of this syndrome is still a matter of debate. In this article, we summarise previous studies and future issues regarding takotsubo cardiomyopathy.
Inherited Channelopathies and Cardiomyopathies – When Is Invasive Risk Stratification Needed?
Authors: Chan Kit ,   Department of Medicine, Ruttonjee and Tang Shiu Kin Hospitals, Tse Hung-Fat ,   Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
Published: July 2018

This article summarises the potential role of invasive electrophysiological studies (EPS) for the risk stratification and management of inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies based on the latest clinical evidence as well as published clinical guidelines, including the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and the Heart Rhythm UK 2010 position statement. Generally speaking, there is no role for EPS and genetic studies in the diagnosis and risk stratification of hereditary channelopathies. Nevertheless, the controversy over the role of EPS in asymptomatic Brugada syndrome remains. In the case of inherited cardiomyopathies, there is no role for invasive EPS in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD). On the other hand, in patients with suspected HCM or AVRD, a negative EPS might be helpful in identifying the population at low risk of sudden cardiac death.
Electrocardiogram Recognition and Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Feldman Alexander ,   Fellow, Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and University of Melbourne, and Division of Cardiology, Ha’Emek Hospital, Afula, Kalman Jonathan M ,   Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and University of Melbourne
Published: July 2018

Focal atrial tachycardia (AT) is a relatively uncommon cause of supraventricular tachycardia, but when present is frequently difficult to treat medically. Atrial tachycardias tend to originate from anatomically determined atrial sites. The P-wave morphology on surface electrocardiogram (ECG) together with more sophisticated contemporary mapping techniques facilitates precise localisation and ablation of these ectopic foci. Catheter ablation of focal AT is associated with high long-term success and may be viewed as a primary treatment strategy in symptomatic patients.
Apontamentos para epistemologia e métodos na pesquisa em Comunicação no Brasil
Authors: Peruzzo Cicilia M. Krohling
Published: July 2018

Este texto tece alguns aspectos da pesquisa em Comunicação partindo da filosofia do conhecimento como base para se entender a ciência. Tem como objetivos discutir a questão da pesquisa científica na perspectiva epistemológica, atentar para a importância da metodologia científica em suas dimensões metódicas e técnicas, além de refletir sobre alguns aspectos da pesquisa realizada na América Latina e mais especificamente o Brasil. Trata-se de uma abordagem baseada numa revisão teórica não exaustiva e não sistemática. Considera-se a existência de diversidade temática e metodológica, além da aparente tendência da pesquisa em enfocar a novidade, principalmente de elementos relacionados à tecnologia, como objeto de estudo. Também se comenta sobre a premência do fortalecimento das pesquisas em Comunicação, tanto as teóricas quanto as empíricas, e do avanço necessário no desenho e na descrição dos métodos e técnicas de pesquisa quando da apresentação de resultados e análises.
Epistemologia e metodologia do turismo cultural urbano: o caso da Sociologia Artística das culturas móveis e da comunicação turística em redes sociais urbanas
Authors: Andrade Pedro de
Published: July 2018

Os debates epistemológicos, teóricos e metodológicos que visam credibilidade científica não podem prescindir da correspondente aplicação ao tecido social. Inversamente, a ação deverá sempre informar a reflexão. Pretende-se neste artigo demonstrar racionalmente e mostrar sensorialmente que um dos géneros sociológicos, a Sociologia Artística, faz transbordar a Sociologia e a sua linguagem científica da academia para atividades de extensão criativas, como a exposição do saber sociológico no espaço público urbano, por exemplo no caso da galeria de arte. Do mesmo modo, o conhecimento e linguagem artísticos deverão contaminar a discussão sociológica através de uma sensibilidade inovadora. Isso é possível por intermédio da inserção, num texto sociológico, não apenas das imagens oriundas de uma exposição de arte, apresentadas enquanto Figuras (1,2…n). Para além disso, a própria exposição de arte poderá ser entendida como uma configuração social e sociológica que faz parte orgânica do próprio corpo do texto sociológico tradicional. Busca-se assim uma hibridação de saberes profunda, que poderá enriquecer, mas também subverter, tanto os debates sociológicos quanto as exposições de arte.Este propósito realiza-se aqui por diversos meios interligados: uma aproximação epistemológica entre a Sociologia Artística e a Hibridologia; a problematização teórica das culturas móveis; o trabalho de campo empírico no quadro da comunicação urbana na Cidade 3.0 e a comunicação turística no contexto do Turismo 3.0; e a exposição ‘New Art Fest’17, como palco da aplicação de abordagens metodológicas sociológicas e artísticas inovadoras. Numa primeira etapa, a Exposição Sociológica sobre Turismo 3.0/Cidade 3.0 demonstrou e mostrou os saberes urbanos e da viagem, no seio do espaço da galeria de arte. Numa segunda fase, este saber testado no público da exposição é reintroduzido num artigo de revista científica. Um tal duplo movimento de pesquisa hibridiza e confronta, em moldes ao mesmo tempo originários e originais, o conhecimento e a prática científicos e artísticos.
Proposta metodológica para avaliação de aplicativos jornalísticos baseados em cards
Authors: Paulino Rita de Cássia Romeiro , Empinotti Marina Lisboa
Published: July 2018

Cada vez mais os conteúdos jornalísticos para smartphones deixam de ter como base outros veículos da empresa, analógicos ou digitais, e passam a ser próprios para o novo meio. O design de notícias baseado em cards se apresenta como uma boa solução para criação de interfaces nativamente móveis. Neste trabalho discorremos sobre as maiores contribuições das interfaces do tipo cards ou “cartão” para aplicativos de notícias para smartphones e descrevemos um modelo de avaliação para este tipo de conteúdo, a fim de oferecer uma ferramenta de sistematização e classificação de pesquisas das áreas de jornalismo, design, entre outras.
Eiroa, M. & Barranquero, A. (2017) Métodos de investigación en la comunicación y sus medios. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis.
Authors: Gómez Eduardo Francisco Rodríguez
Published: July 2018

The need to analyze the communication landscape in the societies we are immersed in has resulted in the legitimization of an interdisciplinary field increasingly attractive to many professionals and academics...
Медикализация преступности в советской судебной психиатрии, 1918–1936 гг.
Authors: Погорелов Михаил Александрович
Published: July 2018

Михаил Александрович Погорелов – аспирант Школы исторических наук и стажер-исследователь Центра источниковедения Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», Москва, Россия. Электроннаяпочта: mikhail.alex.pogorelov@gmail.com

В статье рассматривается история раннесоветской судебной психиатрии, которая появляется как полноценная академическая дисциплина и судебно-медицинская практика в 1920–1930-е гг. На материалах профессиональных совещаний и съездов, научных работ, законодательных и ведомственных документов рассмотрено, как складывалась профессиональная юрисдикция новой дисциплины и профессии. На короткий период психиатры получили возможность самостоятельно определять задачи и сферу компетенции собственной деятельности. Это, а также неоднозначность раннесоветского уголовного законодательства, привело к значительной экспансии «биосоциального» понимания преступности в судебно-психиатрической практике и теории. Некоторые советские психиатры сформулировали концепции, связывающие антисоциальные действия правонарушителей с их патологической предрасположенностью. Благодаря этому множество «пограничных» случаев – в частности, широко трактуемые психопатии – были включены в юрисдикцию судебной психиатрии. Медикализируя преступность, представители этой дисциплины претендовали на повсеместное проникновение в пенитенциарные учреждения. Ситуация изменилась в 1930-е гг.: реагируя на политические вызовы «социалистического наступления», дисциплина начинает перестраивать собственную профессиональную юрисдикцию. Во-первых, переопределена и сужена категория «психопатов». Невменяемыми и подлежащими принудительному лечению признавались только подсудимые с «тяжелыми» органическими заболеваниями, а все «пограничные» случаи передавались в ведение общей юстиции. Во-вторых, были переформулированы задачи дисциплины: если в 1920-х гг. исследования психиатров охватывали широкий спектр тем, связанных с изучением связей преступности и душевной болезни, а основная цель декларировалась как социальная экспертиза, то в середине 1930-х гг. судебная психиатрия ограничивается узкопрактической задачей – предоставлением экспертных заключений судебно-следственным органам. Эти процессы были связаны со стабилизацией профессиональной юрисдикции и институциализацией судебной психиатрии как академической дисциплины и профессии с четко очерченной сферой компетенции и набором задач, что происходило в условиях «сталинизации» науки и ужесточения юстиции.
Genome survey v1
Authors: Zhao Hansheng
Published: July 2018

The understanding of genome characteristics for a given new species, i.e., genome size and heterozygosity, facilitates customizing a specific sequencing and assembling strategy. Thus, the genome size was estimated using four independence methods, i.e., a script of KmerSpectrumPlot.pl in ALLPATHS-LG (version r52488), GCE (Genome Characteristics Estimation, released 20150107, ftp://ftp.genomics.org.cn/pub/gce), JELLYFISH (version 2.0) and flow cytometry.
CROSS-BORDER CONSUMPTION AND BRAZILIAN LAW
Authors: Raphael Vasconcelos Carvalho de
Published: July 2018

The purchase of a product or service by a consumer directly abroad and the remote consumption of goods are the two main ways in which transnational consumption occurs. This new contractual dynamic – a direct result of the development of transport and communication facilities - has consequences not only for consumer protection but also for trade law. It demands from doctrine, courts and legislators an effort to solve problems arising therefrom. Important lessons can be learned from the application of economic theory to law among the difficulties to fit private international law to constitutional principles. New paradigms proposed by the courts in recent years brought great expectations in the national legal system to the evolution of consumer protection concerning international trade. Theoretical developments are now necessary to elaborate regulatory proposals under trademark and corporate law - with particular attention to financial institutions - so as to grant greater protection to the vulnerable consumer assuring security and predictability to the system, which are essential to the correct operation of the market.
THE INTRODUCTION OF ARBITRATION WITHIN THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL CONTEXT
Authors: Sordi Savio R , Squeff Tatiana De Almeida F R Cardoso
Published: July 2018

The present article analyzes the introduction of arbitration as an alternative method of conflict resolution within the Brazilian legal context. In this sense, after a preliminary remark on the origins and concept of arbitration, this text focuses on the construction of the institute of arbitration within Brazilian legal framework. Thus, the aspects regarding the enactment of Law No. 9.307/96 are examined, especially concerning the requisites for the establishment of an effective arbitral convention. Finally, the structure of the law in regard to pre-arbitration facts, such as parties’ autonomy and the choice of applicable laws, and the arbitration per se as to the execution of the clause and the aspects concerning the delivery of the award are studied. As a result, the importance of the introduction of such Law it is noticed, as it deeply changed Brazil’s legal framework regarding the arbitral convention, making a more palpable and viable method of solving disputes nowadays.
Phytochemical Content and In Vitro Antimycelial Efficacy of Colocasia esculenta (L), Manihot esculenta (Crantz) and Dioscorea rotundata (Poir) Leaf Extracts on Aspergillus niger and Botryodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Ehiobu John M. , Ogu Gideon I.
Published: July 2018

TheIn Vitroefficacy of aqueous leaf extracts of common edible root crops (Colocasiaesculenta,ManihotesculentaandDioscorearotundata) were investigated againstAspergillusnigerandBotryodiplodiatheobromae. The fungi were isolated from rotten tubers of yam using antibiotic-amended potatoes dextrose agar. Graded aqueous leaf extract concentrations (25 g/L, 50 g/L and 75 g/L) of each plant were applied against each test fungi on PDA plates and their mycelial growth inhibition activities were monitored for 144 hrs. Camazeb (5 – 10 g/L), a fungicide, was used as positive control agent. The phytochemical constituents of each extracts were also analyzed using standard techniques. The patterns of antifungal activities of the extracts were concentration and pathogen dependent. The most effective mean mycelial growth inhibitions were found withD.esculentaandC.esculentaagainstB.theobromae(61.9 – 80.9 %) andA.niger(63.8 – 82.8 %), respectively. Though,M.esculentaleaf extracts generally demonstrated the least antifungal activities against both pathogens, their activities were significant at 75 g/L. The antifungal potency of bothD.esculentaandC.esculentawere comparable to Camabez (chemical fungicide), which demonstrated 100 % inhibition at both 5 and 10 g/L concentrations. Higher concentrations of saponins (5.64 - 6.71 mg/100g), tannins (4.42 – 7.23 mg/100g) and flavonoids (3.64 – 5.25 mg/100g) were detected in the extracts, and could probably be linked to the observed antifungal activities. Findings from this study showed thatD.esculenta,C.esculentaandM.esculentaposses bioactive molecules that could be exploited in the bio-control of phyto-pathogens of tubers crops, which are the main staple food in most tropical countries.
Dietary Effect of Velvet Bean (Mucuna utilis) Leaf Meal on Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of Broiler Finisher Birds
Authors: Jiwuba Peter-Damian Chukwunomso , Onunwa Emeka Cyril
Published: July 2018

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding varying levels of Mucuna utilis leaf meal (MULM) on the haematological and serum biochemistry parameters of broiler finisher birds using ninety six (96) four week old chicks for 29 days. The birds were randomly assigned to the four treatments, each replicated three times with eight (8) birds constituting a replicate. The birds were allotted to four treatments containing 0, 10, 20, and 30% MULM. The haematological parameters evaluated showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) on PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC. MCHC was improved and better at D birds in comparison to other treatments. MCV and MCH differ significantly (P< 0.05) with birds on control showing higher values than those on C and D. Total protein, albumin and globulin showed better (p<0.05) values for the treatment groups when compared with the control group. The study concluded that, on account of adequate haematocrit and immune status, incorporation of MULM at 30% in the diets of broiler finisher birds had no deleterious effect on haematological and serum biochemical indices and therefore recommend for production of healthy broilers.
Effect of Fermentation Time on the Proximate and Mineral Composition of Fermented African Oil Bean Seed ‘Ugba’
Authors: Nwachukwu Chinaza Daniel , Enyoh Emmanuel Chinedu , Enyoh Christian Ebere , Amaobi Collins Emeka
Published: July 2018

Ugba was produced by fermenting African oil bean seed samples for different periods of time. The Proximate and Mineral composition of fermented and unfermented African oil bean seed ‘ugba’ was investigated and the results showed that the Moisture content ranged from 49.32±0.08% to 51.32±0.06%, the crude Fat content ranges from 17.80±0.08% to 19.36±0.12%, the Protein content ranges from 15.46±0.05 % to 17.36±0.07 %, the Ash content ranges from 1.94±0.03% to 2.64±0.00%, the crude Fibre content ranges from 2.63±0.09 % to 3.22±0.06% and the Carbohydrate content ranges from 6.33±0.01 % to 12.15±0.07 %. The results from the mineral composition showed Ca from 86.35±0.09 mg/100g to 92.11±0.09 mg/100g, Mg from 186.14±0.17 mg/100g to 235.14±0.08 mg/100g, P from 102.48±0.02 mg/100g to 117.23±0.06 mg/100g and Fe from 11.46±0.11mg/100g to 12.50±0.05mg/100g. The results showed that the minerals and some of the proximate compositions increased as fermentation time increased, therefore giving an indication that fermentation improves the nutrient composition of Ugba.
Dietary Supplementation of a Mixture of Saponin-Rich Plants to Reduce Ammonia-Nitrogen Excretion in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Engler Paul , Caillis Pierre , Voller Samuel , Labrie Laura
Published: July 2018

The intensification in aquaculture production leads to increasing attention on the management of ammonia from its waste. Natural solutions such asYucca schidigeraextracts have shown beneficial effects. Their origin (harvested from the wild), however, call for alternative and equally efficient solutions in order to increase the sustainability of their production. In this work, juvenile Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were supplemented with different doses of a commercial mixture of saponin-rich plants (Norponin® OPTI, CTL: 0ppm, D1: 100ppm, D2: 500ppm and D3: 2500ppm). The impact on water quality was monitored, with a particular attention to total ammonia excretion (TAN). TAN was significantly reduced in treatments D1 and D2 compared to the control and D3 treatments (p<0.05). Overall, the present study demonstrates that a supplementation with low doses of the feed additive (100 or 500ppm) induced beneficial effects on TAN management.
Patterns of drug use and drug dispensing in dermatology outpatient prescriptions in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Kumar Aravinda
Published: July 2018

Background: Periodic assessment of drug prescribing and dispensing pattern in a hospital facility shall play a major role in avoiding the inappropriate use of drugs which leads to potential hazards and expenses for the patients.Methods: The objective of the study was to analyse the patterns of drug use and dispensing in dermatology outpatient prescriptions from a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Data were collected over a period of one month from patients attending dermatology outpatient department by scrutinizing 100 prescriptions and analyzed using WHO formulated “core drug use indicators” like the format, prescribing pattern and rationality of prescriptions.Results: The total number of drugs prescribed in 100 prescriptions was 233 i.e. on average 2.33 drugs were prescribed per patient. The patient's name and age were mentioned in all the prescriptions while diagnosis, dose, route of administration, dosage form, duration of therapy and prescriber's identity was written in 43.29%, 68.04%, 69.07%, 100%, 49.48% and 63.91% prescriptions respectively. Out of all drugs, 42.91% were generic drugs and 57.08% were from National Essential Drug List of India. Steroids (18.02%) were the most common group of drugs used, followed by keratolytics and emollients (15.87%). Most of the drugs were given by topical route (47.63%).Conclusions: A prescription by a doctor is a reflection of physicians’ attitude towards the disease and the role of drug in its treatment. It also provides an insight into the nature of health care at that facility. Interventions to rectify over proper prescription format and prescription of generic drugs are necessary to further improve rational drug use in this facility.
Effect of early addition of hydroxychloroquine in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on metformin and sulfonylurea combination therapy
Authors: Baidya Arjun , Ahmed Rishad
Published: July 2018

Background: Present study assessed the effect of early addition of hydroxychloroquine to metformin and sulfonylurea in inadequately controlled T2DM patients as compared to up titration of the metformin or sulfonylurea (glimepiride) doses.Methods: Patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between ≥7.0 to ≤9.0% and on metformin 1000mg/day and glimepiride 2mg/day for at least 12 weeks were analysed for this study. Patients were randomized into three groups, in one group (n=55) metformin dose was up titrated to 2000mg daily and in second group (n=55) hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 400mg was added along with other and in third group (n=55) glimepiride dose was up titrated to 4mg. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post prandial plasma glucose (PPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Triglyceride were measured at baseline and after 6 months. Authors have analysed the data of 150 patients as rest were either lost in follow up or discontinue therapy.Results: After 24 weeks, the mean HbA1c was 6.5% in hydroxychloroquine group (p<0.001) versus 6.8% in metformin 2000mg group (p<0.001) and 6.7% in glimepiride 4mg group (p<0.001). There was also a modest reduction in lipid parameters (p<0.001) with no change in serum creatinine level and a marginal reduction in body weight in the HCQ group. Incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia was significantly lower in patients of HCQ group compared to glimepiride group in this study.Conclusions: Hydroxychloroquine as add on to metformin and glimepiride combination during the early course of treatment helps in achieving glycaemic target and can consider as an option rather up titrating the dose of metformin or glimepiride.
Prospective study of thoracoscopy in empyema patients
Authors: Kalaswa Rashmin , Agrawal Akash , Palekar H. D.
Published: July 2018

Background: Empyema thoracis is a serious problem from centuries, still causes significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed in early stages. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the role of video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in its management.Methods: This prospective study was done on 15 patients in the department of General Surgery, Govt. Medical College and Sir Thakhatsinhji Hospital Bhavnagar, from August 2011 to August 2012.  The demographic data, clinical presentation, etiology, and management were recorded and analyzed.Results: None of the patients were observed with bronchopleural fistula. Majority of the patients were affected in the age group of 1-14 years (53%). Empyema was seen on left side of the lungs (73%). Etilogy of empyema was tuberculosis in 66% of the patients. Chest pain and breathlessness was seen in all in the patients (100%). No mortality was noticed in the study. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5 days.Conclusions: Present study shows that VATS is feasible, safe and it is an efficient procedure with decrease hospital stay and minimal complications in the management of empyema thoracis in all age groups.
Islam and government: an analytical review on Khumayni’s Kashf al-Asrār and Wilāyat al-Fāqih
Authors: Hakim Sudarnoto Abdul
Published: July 2018

This paper is an attempt to scrutinize Khumayni’s ideas especially on government as explained in his works Kashf al-Asra>r, and Wila>yat al-Fa>qih. While focusing on Khumayni’s ideas as the main issues of discussion, the paper tries to find the significance of the ideas for the Iranian revolution in 1979.The paper argues that the ideas on government were mainly triggered by the Reza Shah’s dictatorial, and secular government. It is not exaggerated to mention that according to Khumayni a new sytem of government based on Islamic ideology as a revolutionary system of government was needed in a sense that an Islamic government will implement justice. As will be discussed later, the idea of Islamic government as the single alternative was extensively supported by students, intelligentsias, urban peoples, poor peoples, and others.Artikel ini berusaha mendiskusikan pemikiran Imam Khumayni tentang pemerintah sebagaimana yang dijelaskan dalam karyanya Kasyf al-Asrar dan Wilayat Faqih. Sambil memberikan perhatian terhadap isu pokok, artikel ini ingin menggali kaitan kuat pemikiran Khumayni dengan revolusi Iran yang terjadi pada tahun 1979. Penulis berpandangan bahwa gagasan-gagasannya tentang pemerintah merupakan respons atau sikapnya terhadap kecenderungan pemerintahan diktatorial dan sekular Reza Shah. Tidak berlebihan untuk dinyatakan bahwa menurut Imam Khumayni sebuah pemerintahan Revolusioner yang didasarkan kepada Ideologi Islam sangat dibutuhkan karena pemerintahan Islam seperti inilah yang akan mampu menegakkan keadilan.Sebagaimana yang akan didiskusikan nanti ide pembentukan pemerintah inimemperoleh dukungan secara ekstensif antara lain dari mahasiswa, inteligensia,masyarakat kota dan orang-orang miskin.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Quality of Perceptual Marital Relationship and Psychological Well-being of Women with Addicted Wife
Authors: GHARIBBOLUK Masoumeh , HOSSEINZADEH Soghra
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of Mindfulness Training on Quality of Perceptual Marital Relationship and Psychological Well-being of Women with Addicted Wife.Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest and 3 months follow up, with a control group. Among the population of Women with Addicted Wife, twenty Women with Addicted Wife (10 persons in experimental group, 10 persons in control group) were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 session (2 hours for each) of positive thinking training. For data collection, Fletcher Perceived Quality of Marital Relationship Scale and Ryff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire were used.Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used for analyzing the data. The results showed the Mindfulness Training was effective on the quality of marital relationship and psychological well-being among Women with Addicted Wife. Also, the training was effective in a 3 months follow up.Conclusion: Therefore, Mindfulness Training skills can be used in prevention actions.
VARIABILIDAD ESPACIAL DEL pH Y DEL CONTENIDO DE Fe2O3 EN SUELOS DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO TABURE DEL ESTADO LARA
Authors: Hernández Wilmer , Marco Lue Meru , Torres Duilio , Romero Pablo
Published: July 2018

El pH del suelo es una propiedad química que representa en forma general la reacción del mismo, mientras que el hierro en forma Fe2O3 constituye una fracción relacionada con el grado de evolución de los suelos. Con el fin de evaluar la variabilidad de dos propiedades químicas de los suelos de la cuenca del río Tabure del estado Lara, en especial el pH y el Fe2O3 se realizó un levantamiento de suelo sistemático en una malla de 100mx100m, y se estudiaron los parámetros estadísticos clásicos y un análisis de semivariografía con los datos brutos, obteniéndose un semivariograma omnidireccional ajustado a un modelo esférico con un rango de 580m; para el Fe2O3 se obtuvo el mejor ajuste para un semivariograma omnidireccional un modelo exponencial de 283 m, en el caso del pH se observó una ligera anisotropía en la dirección nw-se, mientras que el Fe2O3 tuvo un comportamiento isotrópico. En conclusión se logró determinar la distancia máxima de variación de las variables estudiadas y se reconoció la leve anisotropía del pH, éstos resultados son útiles en futuras investigaciones sobre la variabilidad espacial del pH y del Fe2O3 del suelo en la cuenca estudiada