bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Contraceptives Do Not Affect Physiological Responses to Strength Exercise
Authors: Umlauff Lisa , Weil Peter , Zimmer Philipp , Hackney Anthony C. , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumann Moritz
Published: February 2021

Umlauff, L, Weil, P, Zimmer, P, Hackney, AC, Bloch, W, and Schumann, M. Oral contraceptives do not affect physiological responses to strength exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 894–901, 2021—This study investigated the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on acute changes in steroid hormone concentrations and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites in response to strength exercise. Twenty-one women (age: 23 ± 3 years), 8 combined OC users (OC group) and 13 naturally cycling women (menstrual cycle [MC] group), participated. Testing was performed during the pill-free interval for the OC group and the follicular phase for the MC group. Subjects completed an intense strength exercise protocol (4 × 10 repetitions back squat). Blood samples were taken at baseline (T0), post-exercise (T1), and after 24 hours (T2) to determine serum concentrations of cortisol, estradiol, testosterone, TRP, and kynurenine (KYN). Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. At T0, the OC group showed higher cortisol (OC: 493.7 ± 47.1 ng·mL−1, MC: 299.1 ± 62.7 ng·mL−1, p < 0.001) and blood lactate (OC: 1.81 ± 0.61 mmol·L−1, MC: 1.06 ± 0.30 mmol·L−1, p = 0.001) and lower estradiol (OC: 31.12 ± 4.24 pg·mL−1, MC: 38.34 ± 7.50 pg·mL−1, p = 0.023) and KYN (OC: 1.15 ± 0.23 µmol·L−1, MC: 1.75 ± 0.50 µmol·L−1, p = 0.005). No significant interactions (group × time, p > 0.05) were found for the hormones and TRP metabolites assessed. Oral contraceptive use did not affect the physiological response of steroid hormones and TRP metabolites to acute strength exercise during the low hormone phase of the contraceptive or MC in healthy young women, even when some baseline concentrations differed between groups. Consequently, these findings provide important implications for practitioners testing heterogeneous groups of female athletes.
Can Injuries Be Predicted by Functional Movement Screen in Adolescents? The Application of Machine Learning
Authors: Karuc Josip , Mišigoj-Duraković Marjeta , Šarlija Marko , Marković Goran , Hadžić Vedran , Trošt-Bobić Tatjana , Sorić Maroje
Published: February 2021

Karuc, J, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Šarlija, M, Marković, G, Hadžić, V, Trošt-Bobić, T, and Sorić, M. Can injuries be predicted by functional movement screen in adolescents? The application of machine learning. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 910–919, 2021—This study used machine learning (ML) to predict injuries among adolescents by functional movement testing. This research is a part of the CRO-PALS study conducted in a representative sample of adolescents and analyses for this study are based on nonathletic (n = 364) and athletic (n = 192) subgroups of the cohort (16–17 years). Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body fatness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), training hours per week, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and socioeconomic status were assessed at baseline. A year later, data on injury occurrence were collected. The optimal cut-point of the total FMS score for predicting injury was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve. These predictors were included in ML analyses with calculated metrics: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses with associated criterium of total FMS score >12 showed AUC of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.48–0.59) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.47–0.63), for the nonathletic and athletic youth, respectively. However, in the nonathletic subgroup, ML showed that the Naïve Bayes exhibited highest AUC (0.58), whereas in the athletic group, logistic regression was demonstrated as the model with the best predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.62). In both subgroups, with given predictors: sex, age, BMI, body fat percentage, MVPA, training hours per week, socioeconomic status, and total FMS score, ML can give a more accurate prediction then FMS alone. Results indicate that nonathletic boys who have lower-body fat could be more prone to suffer from injury incidence, whereas among athletic subjects, boys who spend more time training are at a higher risk of being injured. Conclusively, total FMS cut-off scores for each subgroup did not successfully discriminate those who suffered from those who did not suffer from injury, and, therefore, our research does not support FMS as an injury prediction tool.
Research on Magnetic-Vibration Combination Treatment Based on Multifield Coupled Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Huang Gang , Zhang Qingdong , Li Shuo
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the three-dimensional simulation modeling of the magnetic-vibration combination residual stress reduction device was established based on the multifield coupled finite element analysis, and the residual stress reduction method of magnetic-vibration combination treatment was researched. The placement mode of the electromagnetic device and the factors affecting the effect of the magnetic-vibration combination reduction were comprehensively studied. The results showed that when the electromagnetic device was placed vertically, it was more beneficial to reduce the residual stress. The electromagnetic frequency was the maximal factor to affect the magnetic-vibration combination, and the factors that followed were voltage, material performance, exciting force, and exciting frequency. The greater the electrical conductivity of the material was, the lower the magnetic induction intensity was. The thicker the steel plate was, the easier it was to magnetize, but it was not conducive to vibration, and there was an optimal thickness under a certain set of parameters. Applying tension to the steel plate was beneficial to increase magnetization to reduce stress, and the aforementioned results of the simulation were consistent with the experimental results. The simulation study in this paper provided theoretical support for the process parameter setting of magnetic-vibration combination treatment to reduce residual stress.
Dampak Kelelehan terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan di Dalam Permainan Futsal
Authors: Ferdiansyah Radyan , Imanuddin Iman , Fitri Mustika
Published: February 2021

Intensitas yang tinggi pada olahraga futsal mengakibatkan para pemainnya sering mengalami kelelahan sebelum pertandingan selesai. Pada akhirnya, kelelahan akan menyebabkan penurunan performa. Oleh karna itu peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tentang dampak kelelahan terhadap pengambilan keputusan di dalam permainan futsal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengambilan keputusan atlet yang sedang mengalami kelelahan dan tidak. Setelah mengetahui, maka peneliti mencari perbedaan pengambilan keputusan antara kelompok yang mengalami kelelahan dan tidak mengalami kelelahan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain kausal komparatif. Partisipan pada penelian ini adalah Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama PGII II Bandung yang terdaftar aktif di ekstrakulikuler futsal. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 16 orang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik sampling porposive sampling, instrumen penelitian pada penelitian ini menggunakan Assessment of Secondary School Student’s Decision Making and Gameplay Ability in Soccer. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dan analisis data uji perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah kelelahan maka diperoleh data signifikansi sebesar 0,022 maka H0 ditolak.Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan pengambilan keputusan sebelum dan selama kelelahan. Dengan demikian, karena nilai t hitung 2,409 > t, tabel 1,6973 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya kelelahan berdampak terhadap pengambilan keputusan di dalam permainan futsal.
Efek Akut Pemberian Asam Amino Citrulin Alami Terhadap Kekuatan Otot
Authors: Setiowati Anies , Sumartiningsih Sri
Published: February 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisa efek akut asam amino sitrulin alami terhadap kekuatan otot. Metode penelitian dengan desain -post test controlled group design.  Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiwa IKOR FIK  dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok  yaitu kelompok kontrol  dan kelompok sitrulin. Perlakuan pada kelompok sitrulin berupa pemberian jus semangka 428 ml (600-700 g daging buah semangka) kandungan sitrulin sebesar 1 mg. sedang pada kelompok control diberikan placebo yaitu air sirup. Jus semangka ataupun air sirup diberikan 60 menit sebelum dilakukan tes kekuatan otot yaitu kekuatan otot tungkai, punggung, bahu dan genggam tangan dengan menggunakan Dynamometer. Data  dianalisis diuji T-test dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian: rerata kekuatan otot total diperoleh dari hasil penjumalahan kekuatan otot punggung, tungkai, bahu, genggam tangan. Retata kekuatan otot total kelompok kontrol 362,98±87,26 kg, kelompok perlakuan critrulline alami (semangka) 378,46±128,23, p=0,782. Tidak terdapat perbedaan efek akut asam amino sitrulin alami terhadap kekuatan otot
Balloon Valvuloplasty via the Pulmonary Artery Trunk for Treating Neonates With Severe Pulmonary Valve Disease
Authors: Huang Kun-an , Dai Xiaofu , Liao Dongshan , Li Qianzhen
Published: February 2021

Background: Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty has proven to be a standard of care for neonates with severe pulmonary valve disease. However, the peripheral vessel injury, tricuspid chordae tendineae rupture, and cardiac tamponade could occur. Recently, we performed balloon valvuloplasty through pulmonary artery trunk. To date, the obtained outcome was promising.
Methods: Between January 2018 and December 2018, three neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis and two with membranous pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum were enrolled in our center. Balloon valvuloplasty through pulmonary artery trunk was performed in all patients. A 2-cm parasternal incision was made in the left third intercostal space. A guidewire was used to advance or perforate the pulmonary valve from the pulmonary artery trunk into the right ventricle, followed by balloon dilation of the valve.
Results: The procedure was successful in all patients. The oxygen saturation increased immediately after the balloon dilation, while the right ventricular systolic pressure and the gradient across the pulmonary valve decreased. No severe complications occurred.
Conclusions: Balloon valvuloplasty through the pulmonary artery trunk is a safe and feasible alternative procedure. Thus, it could serve as a supplementary choice for treating severe pulmonary valve disease.
Pentingnya Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra
Published: February 2021

Abstrak: Masa pandemi mengakibatkan dampak yang besar pada sendi kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya kegiatan dan mobilitas sosial lebih banyak dilakukan di rumah. Dimulai dari bekerja, belajar, belanja sampai beribadah di rumah. Besarnya porsi kegiatan yang dilakukan di rumah menjadikan aktivitas digital tidak dapat dihindari. Namun demikian, besarnya aktivitas itu belum diimbangi dengan perlindungan hukum terhadap data pribadi setiap orang di Indonesia. Pelanggaran terhadap data pribadi sering kali terjadi seperti data pribadi yang bocor ke publik. Data tersebut terdiri atas nama, nomor KTP, nomor telepon, alamat email, alamat rumah, informasi kesehatan, dan lain sebagainya yang sifatnya rahasia sehingga rentan disalahgunakan oleh orang-orang yang tidak bertanggungjawab. Untuk menganalisis masalah ini digunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Perlindungan data pribadi merupakan bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) sehingga negara wajib melindungi kerahasiaan data pribadi seseorang. Ironinya, perangkat hukum di Indonesia belum cukup memadai, karena masih tersebarnya peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur data pribadi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah Undang-Undang khusus yang mengatur perlindungan data pribadi di Indonesia secara komprehensif. Katakunci: Data Pribadi, Digital dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM)
Reduction dimensionality of hyperspectral imagery using genetic algorithm and mutual information and normalized mutual information as a fitness function
Authors: Maria Merzouqi , El Kebir Sarhrouni , Ahmed Hammouch
Published: February 2021

Hyperspectral images (HSI) present a wealth of information. It is distinguished by its high dimensionality. It served humanity in many fields. The quantity of HSI information represents a double-edged sword. As a consequence, their dimensionality must be reduced. Nowadays, several methods are proposed to overcome their duress. The most useful and essential solution is selection approaches of hyperspectral bands to analyze it quickly. Our work suggests a novel method to achieve this selection: we introduce a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based on mutual information (MI) and Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) as fitness functions. It selects the relevant bands from noisiest and redundant ones that don’t contain any additional information. .The proposed method is applied to three different HSI: INDIAN PINE, PAVIA, and SALINAS. The introduced algorithm provides a remarkable efficiency on the accuracy of the classification, in front of other statistical methods: the Bhattacharyya coefficient as well as the inter-bands correlation (Pearson correlation). We conclude that the measure of information (MI, NMI) provides more efficiency as a fitness function for GA selection applied to HSI; it must be more investigated.
The Effect of Work Stress, Work Conflict, and the Work Environment on Work Spirit in Employees Pratama Tax Service Office (KPP) Binjai
Authors: Sinaga Rosmani , Trisnamansyah Sutaryat , Insan Husen Saeful , Warta Waska
Published: February 2021

Tax Service Office (KPP) of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) work unit that provides taxation services to the public, whether registered as Taxpayers (WP) or not, within the scope of the Directorate General of Taxes working area. The problem of this research is whether work stress, work conflict, and work environment affect the morale of employees of the Pratama Binjai Tax Office (KPP). The data collection technique in this study was carried out with a questionnaire by distributing a list of questions to 53 respondents, from the results of the Fcount value of 4489.184 with a significant level of 0.00. Because Fcount 4489.184> Ftable 2.79 and the significant probability is much smaller than 0.05, namely 0.00 <0.05, the regression model can be said that work stress, work conflict, and work environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on morale. work. Partial test (t-test) shows that: for the variable work stress, the value of tcount is 4.465  0.05, meaning that partially, the variable of work stress has a positive and significant effect on morale. Work conflict variable value tcount 18.576> ttable 1.676 with a significant 0.000 <0.050, meaning that partially the work conflict variable has a positive and significant effect on morale. Work Environment Variable tcount 19.648> ttable 1.676 with a significant 0.001 <0.050, meaning that partially the Work Environment variable has a positive and significant effect on morale. The determination test is the adjusted R square of 0.996, this means that 99.6% of the variation in morale can be explained by the independent variables of work stress, work conflict, and work environment while the rest (100% - 99.6% = 0.4%) can be explained by other independent variables which not included in this study
Numerical analysis of the spherical bearing geometric configuration with antifriction layer made of different materials
Authors: Adamov A. A , Kamenskih A. A , Pankova A. P
Published: February 2021

Requirements to critical elements of transport and logistics systems have been increased due urbanization in the territories of Russia and the world. Bridge bearings, which perceive the vertical and horizontal loads from the bridge span, as well as absorb thermal expansion and contraction, shrinkage, seismic disturbances, etc. refer to such elements. Requirements to strength, durability, wear resistance, operation maintenance-free periods, etc., imposed on the bridge bearing are increasing due to a stable growth of loads on the bridge elements and increase in vehicle fleets. Recently, international and Russian companies have been engaged in development of new polymeric and composite materials, which have improved physical and mechanical, frictional, thermo-mechanical and rheological properties and can be used as a thin layer of sliding bearings bridges. A number of problems are outlined in studying material properties and geometric configuration of bridge bearings in order to rationalize the work of its structure. Three topical problems of solid mechanics are reviewed in the work. This is the identification of qualitative and quantitative patterns of the deformation behavior of modern antifriction polymer and composite materials as relatively thin sliding layers of bridge spherical bearings in order to formulate scientifically grounded recommendations for the selection of the interlayer material regarding the study unit operation. This is an analysis of the influence of the sliding layer material physical and mechanical, frictional, thermomechanical and rheological properties on the structure deformation as a whole and the change in the contact zone parameters, in particular. It is an analysis of the influence of the sliding layer geometric configuration on the structure performance. A significant decrease in the area of full adhesions of the contact surfaces, including up to 0, and the occurrence or increase in the area of the divergence of the contact surfaces (no contact) is observed during frictional contact taking into account the lubrication on the mating surfaces. The surface percentage on which the contact surfaces divergence (no contact) is observed decreases, on average by more than 2 times, if the sliding layer thickness is increased.
Analysis of the fracture toughness parameters at the free edge in layered composites
Authors: Bondarchuk D. A , Fedulov B. N , Fedorenko A. N , Lomakin E. V
Published: February 2021

The problem of deformation and elastoplastic buckling of shells of revolution with a thick-walled elastic core under combined static and dynamic loading is formulated in a two-dimensional planar formulation based on two approaches: full-scale modeling within the framework of continuum mechanics and a simplified formulation based on the hypotheses of the theory of shells of the Timoshenko type and the Winkler foundation. Both approaches allow solving the problems of deformation and stability of non-shallow shells on the basis of Timoshenko's hypotheses, taking into account geometric nonlinearities. The statement from the perspective of continuum mechanics makes it possible to approximate the shell in thickness by a number of layers of finite elements. The constitutive relations are formulated in Lagrange variables using a fixed Cartesian coordinate system as a reference one. Kinematic relations are recorded in the metric of the current state. The elastic-plastic properties of shells are described by the theory of plastic flow with isotropic hardening. The equations of motion follow from the balance of the virtual powers of the work. In the first approach, the contact interaction of a shell and an elastic body is modeled by the conditions of nonpenetration along the normal and free slip along the tangent. The nonpenetration conditions are satisfied only in the active phase of the contact interaction; if the contact is broken, they are replaced by conditions on the free surface. In the second approach, the contact interaction of the elastic core with the shell is modeled by the Winkler foundation. Both approaches allow one to describe the nonlinear subcritical deformation of shells of revolution with an elastic core, to determine the limiting (critical) loads in a wide range of loading rates, taking into account the geometric imperfections of the shape. Using both approaches, a numerical simulation of contact interaction problem of an elastoplastic cylindrical shell with a thick-walled elastic core at a quasi-static uniform external pressure is carried out. The study of the influence of the thickness and initial deflection of the shell, as well as the stiffness and thickness of the core, on the value of the critical pressure and the form of buckling has been carried out. Based on these calculations, a conclusion was made about a wide range of applicability of the Winkler foundation model.
Numerical simulation of deformation and fracture of metal-matrix composites with considering residual stresses
Authors: Zemlianov A. V , Evtushenko E. P , Balokhonov R. R
Published: February 2021

Thermomechanical behavior of metal-matrix composite materials is investigated. Boron carbide B4C and high-strength aluminum alloy 6061-T6 are used as strengthening particle and matrix materials, respectively. Microstructure of the metal-matrix composite takes into account the complex shape of particles explicitly. Isotropic elastoplastic and elastic-brittle models were used to simulate the mechanical response of the aluminum matrix and ceramic particles, respectively. To investigate the crack initiation and propagation in ceramic particles, a Huber type fracture criterion was chosen that takes into account the type of the local stress state in ceramic materials: bulk tension or compression. The composite material with a single particle of both the really observed in the experiment and ideally round shapes is considered. The influence of the residual thermal stresses arising during cooling of the composite material from the temperature of aluminum recrystallization to the room temperature on the character of plastic strain localization in the aluminum matrix and fracture of carbide particles and on the macroscopic strength of the composite under external tension or compression is studied numerically. Two-dimensional dynamic boundary value problems in the plane-stress and plane-strain formulations were solved numerically by the finite element method using the Explicit module of the Abaqus software package. VUMAT subroutine procedures incorporating the constitutive models were developed and integrated into the Abaqus solver. Based on the results of the numerical simulation, it was concluded that the residual thermal stresses arising during cooling lead to the change in the mechanism of the particle fracture from in-particle cracking to debonding and increase the strength of the composite subjected to tension after the cooling.
Estimating of mechanical stresses, plastic deformations and damage by means of acoustic anisotropy
Authors: Belyaev A. K , Polyanskiy V. A , Tretyakov D. A
Published: February 2021

Acoustic anisotropy is a consequence of anisotropy of the mechanical characteristics of a solid. In metals, it is associated with microstructural anisotropy of mechanical characteristics, internal mechanical stresses and strains, including residual stresses and plastic deformations. Sensors measuring acoustic anisotropy do not require complex preparations of a metal surface, therefore it is easy to measure which makes it possible for measurement results to be used to quantify stresses and strains in metals based on the magnitude of phase shifts of the shear wave velocities of the orthogonal polarization. Acoustic anisotropy is one of the manifestations of the phenomenon of changes in the elastic properties of an acoustic medium caused by mechanical stresses and deformation (acoustoelastic effect). This makes it possible to use the effect of acoustic anisotropy for the development of quantitative methods of acoustic tensometric measurements, as well as methods of non-destructive testing, which enables effective quality controls and diagnostics of the residual life of structures and machine parts. The article describes the history of the discovery and theoretical substantiation of the acoustoelastic effect and the quantitative relationship of acoustic anisotropy with stresses and deformations, starting with the pioneering works of the twentieth century. The way of forming the theory based on nonlinear mechanics of continuous media is shown. The third part of the article is concerned with an overview of the current state of research. An analysis is presented of experimental works on the measurement of acoustic anisotropy in low- and high-carbon steels, aluminum alloys, as well as in composites and other structural materials. Special attention is paid to a review of studies on the relationship between acoustic anisotropy and plastic deformations and the applicability limitations of the acoustic method. It also provides a list of the main applied results related to the measurement and use of acoustic anisotropy to control the blades of compressors and gas turbine engines, pipe steels, welded joints, etc. A review is given of the main publications on system analysis and generalization of theoretical and experimental scientific results obtained by domestic and foreign researchers in the field of studying the acoustic anisotropy of metallic structural materials under conditions of uniaxial and complex stress states, plastic deformation, thermomechanical loading and fatigue fracture is given.
Study Smart-layer effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the samples from polymer composite materials under quasi-static loading
Authors: Shipunov G. S , Baranov M. A , Nikiforov A. S , Golovin D. V , Tihonova A. A
Published: February 2021

Currently, developments of the so-called Smart-constructions are relevant as they enable a real-time monitoring of changes in required values. Smart designs are widely used in the construction, automotive and aerospace industries. Technologies of creating products from polymer composite materials make it possible to introduce various sensors directly into the structure of a material, thereby create systems monitoring the state of structures. The most recommended for such implementation are fiber-optic sensors, which have a number of advantages over other sensors (luminescent, strain gauge, piezoelectric ones). However, when introducing the fiber-optic sensors, there is a number of difficulties, which are primarily associated with fragility of the optical fiber and lead to the breakdown of fiber-optic lines. As a result, it is necessary to develop a Smart-layer that will protect the optical fiber leads and will not significantly change the physical and mechanical characteristics. This paper aims to determine the stiffness and strength characteristics of samples made of polymer composite materials: reference samples, samples with embedded fiber-optic sensors, samples with embedded Smart-layers. In this work, a Smart-layer is understood as a coating that protects the fiber-optic sensors at the stage of implementation into a structure. The paper considers the following configurations of the Smart-layer: polymer reinforced mesh, polyamide and polyurethane layer. We analyzed and compared the influence of the embedded optical fiber and various configurations of the Smart-layer in the composite structure on the physicomechanical characteristics of the samples obtained under quasi-static loading (tension, compression, and interlayer shear). For a more detailed analysis of using the fiber-optic sensors and various configurations of the Smart-layer, the corresponding loads were simulated to assess their mechanical behavior. Based on the obtained physical and mechanical characteristics, a specific configuration of the Smart-layer was selected and justified for further researches.
Structural elements based on the metamaterials
Authors: Yurgenson S. A , Lomakin E. V , Fedulov B. N , Fedorenko A. N
Published: February 2021

The article discusses an approach to creating structural elements by forming periodic structures in the structure, developed based on the results of topological optimization. In the article, a metamaterial is understood as a structure with a complex internal periodic organization of strength elements, the details of which are significantly smaller than the typical dimensions of the final structural product. In this paper, the analysis is devoted to panels with a filler based on periodic structures to achieve the required mechanical characteristics. The transition from the results of the topological optimization is carried out on the basis of engineering analysis, taking into account the particularities of loading, fastening and operational effects on the structure. The use of topology optimization makes it possible to determine the distribution density of periodic structures in the material and to shorten the design cycle of a conventionally optimal design. As a first step solution, authors consider panels based on sandwich panels with the pyramidal fillers. Their application is considered in the aircraft, shipbuilding and construction industries. As basic technological solutions, efficient technologies are proposed - laser radiation sources and a high degree of automation. With these technologies, efficiency and costs of testing and certification of manufacturing are reduced in comparison to the standard approaches, when results of the topology optimization are made using expensive additive manufacturing. The proposed elements make it possible to reduce the metal consumption while achieving the same rigidity and strength of the structure. Another advantage of the proposed structures is their modularity and the ability to optimize the panel filling density without significantly changing the manufacturing process and design. As an application, we considered the possibility of creating a large-span panel for civil constructions, which is characterized by high specific loads with a significant span length (20 m).
Sex specificities of medical and social parameters in patients with coronary artery disease with different severity of depression
Authors: Nagibina Yu. V. , Kubareva M. I. , Knyazeva D. S.
Published: February 2021

Aim. To determine the sex specificities of medical and social parameters in patients hospitalized due to coronary artery disease (CAD), class II, III, IV angina, aged 35-60 years and assess the significance of their relationship with different levels of depression.

Material and methods. The study involved 312 patients aged 35-60 with documented CAD, class II, III, IV angina. Two comparison groups were identified: group I — 138 patients (men, 81; women, 57) with CAD and without depression (mean age, 47,8±4,6 years); group II — 174 patients (men, 60; women, 105) with CAD and depression (mean age, 48,3±5,3 years). Medical and social data, the severity of depression and distress tolerance, psychological status and quality of life was assessed. Statistical analysis was carried out, which are presented as the mean and standard error of the mean (M±m). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Differences were considered significant at p<0,05.

Results. The prevalence of depression among patients with CAD was 55,77%, while women were 1,5 times more likely to suffer it than men. Depression was significantly associated with hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and class III-IV angina, regardless of sex. Class III and IV angina prevailed in women, while class II angina — in men (OR, 2,16; 95% CI, 1,37-3,41, p<0,001)). Women were more prone to degree II-III disability (group II, 26,67%; group I 8,77%; p=0,008), compared with men (group II, 27,54%; group I, 11,11%; p=0,012). Sedentary lifestyle was also associated to a greater extent with the female sex than with the male (OR, 2,89, 95% CI, 1,46-5,70, p=0,003; OR, 2,31, 95% CI, 1,19-4,48; p=0,014, respectively). Both men and women showed a significant association of depression with atherosclerosis (p<0,001), however, sex differences did not reach significance. Indicators such as lack of job and higher education, as well as smoking and arrhythmias were characteristic of both sexes, but had a greater impact on the mental condition of men (p=0,002, p<0,001, p=0,0014 and p=0,01, respectively). For men, the relationship of depression with diabetes (8,7 vs 0%; p=0,008), obesity (42,03 vs 19,75%; p=0,004), subordinate status (82,61 vs 64,2%; p=0,016) and unmarried status (60,87 vs 40,74%; p=0,02).

Conclusion. There are significant differences in factors contributing to depression in different sex groups. The association of depression with CAD has an adverse effect on the physical and psychological health of both males and females. At the same time, women are more prone to mental disorders than men. It is necessary to further study the sex characteristics of medical and social parameters in order to personalize treatment methods.
Novel algorithms for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension and obesity
Authors: Vasyuk Yu. A. , Shupenina E. Yu. , Namazova G. A. , Dubrovskaya T. I.
Published: February 2021

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome associated with frequent hospitalizations, high mortality rates, and an absence of proven effective therapy. This type of heart failure is often accompanied by comorbidity that complicate the diagnosis of the underlying disease. The algorithm developed in 2016 does not take into account the heterogeneity of patients and course of HFpEF. Recently, new diagnostic algorithms (H2FPEF, HFA-PEFF) and biomarkers have appeared that allow detecting HFpEF at an early stage, taking into account the pathogenesis, which may contribute to development of new effective treatment methods.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponins: circadian rhythms
Authors: Chaulin A. M. , Duplyakov D. V.
Published: February 2021

High-sensitivity cardiac troponins (hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT) contribute to a progression in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases: acceleration of diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (early diagnostic algorithms: 0-1 h, 0-3 h), and earlier initiation of optimal treatment, expansion of diagnostic and prognostic potential (earlier detection of myocardial damage during chemotherapy, endocarditis, myocarditis and other diseases). However, increased sensitivity slightly reduced the specificity and created the need for a more thorough interpretation of elevated levels of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT in a number of pathologies that damage cardiomyocytes. In addition, there was a need to introduce reference levels of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT (99 percentile), taking into account sex. Recently, there has also been information about circadian (diurnal) variations in hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI levels. We analyze in detail the results of clinical studies that found circadian changes in hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT. Possible mechanisms underlying these changes in hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI concentrations are discussed.
Prevalence of malocclusions and dysfunctional oral habits in preschool children of municipal establishments in Viña del Mar.
Authors:   Hospital Dr. Víctor Hugo Möll, Servicio de Salud Viña del Mar-Quillota., Aróstica Nicolás , Carrillo Gabriela ,   Práctica Privada, Viña del Mar, Chile., Cueto Alfredo ,   Escuela de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile., Mariño Dylan ,   Estudiante de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello. Viña del Mar, Chile., Jofré Teresa ,   Departamento de Ortodoncia y Odontopediatría, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Malocclusions are a public health problem at national and global level, being third in the ranking of the most prevalent oral pathologies.Its origin is multifactorial, with dysfunctional oral habits being a risk factor. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions and dysfunctional oral habits in students aged between 4 and 6 years in state-run public schools in Viña del Mar, Chile. Material and methods: A prevalence study was carried out in 184 students selected by random cluster sampling. Malocclusions were assessed by clinical examination, while dysfunctional oral habits were assessed by questionnaires and clinical examination. The data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test and the PHI correlation coefficient. Results: The prevalence of malocclusions was 54.35% (95% CI [47.04% - 61.47%]), with dental crowding being the most frequent, while prevalence of dysfunctional oral habits was 95.11% (95% CI [90.82% - 97.45%]), led by lingual interposition. In none of the cases statistically significant differences of age, gender or class were noticed. The evidence provided by this study indicates that the presence of malocclusions is independent of the presence of dysfunctional oral habits, except between open bite and interposition of objects, whose magnitude of dependence was minor (0.2). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of malocclusions and dysfunctional oral habits in preschool children, with dental crowding and lingual interposition being the most frequent, respectively. The presence of malocclusions is independent of the presence of dysfunctional oral habits.
Dental malocclusions in the anterior sextant, in a group of Mexican patients between 3 and 14 years old.
Authors:   Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico., Murrieta-Pruneda José , Varela-Ramírez Dulce ,   Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico., Rojano-Santillán Araceli ,   Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México., Adriano-Anaya María ,   Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico., Caudillo-Joya Tomás ,   Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
Published: February 2021

Aim: To evaluate the association between the frequency of malocclusions in the anterior sextant with dentition type, age, and sex. Material and methods: A descriptive, transversal and prospective study was carried out, in a convenience sample of 200 patients between 3 and 14 years old, of both sexes who attended the pediatric dentistry clinic of Dentistry Faculty from Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Mexico. A dentist was standardized by a direct method (k=0.998, p=0.0001). Results: Crossbite and edge to edge bite were the most frequent (18% and 17% respectively), in no case the alterations in the previous sextant were related to sex, except altered overjet with age and dentition type (likelihood ratio=18,169, p=0.0001) (X2=18.820, p=0.0001). Conclusion: These observations highlight the importance of the diagnosis of possible alterations in the occlusion of the anterior sextant in both dentitions, in order to preventatively avoid major sequelae.
Pain Experience with Micro-osteoperforations during Initial Orthodontic Alignment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors:   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia., Shahrin Azaitun Akma , Ghani Sarah Haniza Abdul ,   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia., Norman Noraina Hafizan ,   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: February 2021

Objetive: The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the perception of pain during initial maxillary alignment with an adjunctive procedure of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) compared to conventional orthodontics. Material and methods: This study design was a single-centre, two-arm parallel prospective randomised clinical trial. Thirty consecutive adult subjects (25 females and 5 males; mean age ± SD, 22.66 ± 3.27 years) with 5-8mm moderate upper labial segment crowding were randomly allocated using block randomisation into intervention and control group. All subjects had first premolar extractions, bonded conventional fixed appliances and 0.014-inch nickel-titanium archwire was placed for initial alignment. The intervention group received a 3-mm deep MOPs procedure under local anaesthesia using a Propel device (PROPEL Ortho Singapore) on the labiogingival aspect between the maxillary incisors. Both groups received a set of 100 mm visual analogue scale to complete over the first week, recording pain at 24 hours, 3 days and 1 week. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There was a statistically significant difference observed in perceived pain levels between MOPs and the control group on day 1, day 3 and day 7 postoperatively. Pain perception was significantly lower in the intervention group at all time points. Conclusion: Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement with MOPs did not accentuate pain perceived during initial maxillary alignment with fixed appliances.
Comparison between sleep disorders and polysomnographic records of young adults with and without sleep bruxism: A cross-sectional study.
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia., López-Soto Olga , Orellana-Cáceres Juan ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile., de Mejía Francia Restrepo ,   Faculty of Physical Therapy, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia., Aguilera-Eguía Raúl ,   Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kinesiology Career. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción. Concepción, Chile
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To compare sleep disorders and polysomnographic records among a group of young adults with sleep bruxism (SB) and a control group (C). Material and methods: This cross-sectional study considered a consecutive sampling of students from the target population, searching for cases of SB until 20 individuals with and without SB were obtained. Sleep disorders were determined by applying both medical records and physiological records during sleep which were gathered from a polysomnography exam. To establish the difference of the means according to SB, the T-Student or Mann-Whitney U tests were used, depending on the data. A Logistic Regression analysis was also applied. Results: The study found differences (p-value<0.05) in the variables related to the sleep disorder: the possibility of major depressive episode (SB: 30% - C: 5%), degree of nasal airway obstruction (SB: 20% - C: 10%) and in polysomnographic registers: sleep time stage 1 (SB: 9 min - C: 18 min), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage (SB: 123 min C: 93 min ), number of periodic movement of the limbs (SB: 84.2 - C: 49.7), bruxism index (SB: 40.2 - C: 10.1) and average of total arousals (SB: 71.9 - C: 57.5). According to the logistic regression model, the Odds Ratio (OR) of SB, in relation to the periodic movement of the limbs and the degree of airway obstruction, it showed a statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: There were significant differences recorded in two sleep disorders between the two groups: the degree of airway obstruction and the possibility of having a major depressive episode. Differences were found in sleep and REM time stages, periodic movement of limbs and bruxism events.
Mikovirüslerin Rhizoctonia solani Kühn ve diğer bazı bitki patojenlerinde kullanım olanakları
Authors: AVAN Meltem
Published: February 2021

Bitki patojeni fungusların da yer aldığı birçok organizmada yaygın olarak bulunan mikovirüsler, biyolojik mücadelede alternatif bir kullanım olanağı sağlayan obligat parazitlerdir. Çoğunluğu biyolojik ajan olarak mikoviral dsRNA genomuna sahip olmakla birlikte, DNA genomlarına sahip olanları da bulunmaktadır. Mikovirüsler, fungus hücrelerinde hücre birleşmesi yoluyla, hücre bölünmesi ve eşeyli, eşeysiz spor formları ile yayılış göstermektedir. Enfekte ettikleri funguslarda bazı morfolojik ve fizyolojik farklılıklara sebebiyet vermekte, virülensi artırma ve azaltma yönünde etkide bulunmaktadırlar. Bu derlemede mikovirüslerin Rhizoctonia solani ve diğer bazı funguslara karşı etkileri ve virülensi azaltma etkisinden yola çıkarak, bitki hastalıklarıyla biyolojik mücadelede kullanım olanakları araştırılmıştır.
Study on specific species of malaria in relation to haematological changes
Authors:   Senior Resident, Dr Hedgewar Arogya Santhan, Karkardooma, New Delhi, India, Kanaujia Dr. Binita , AS Dr. Anand ,   Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur, Karnataka, India, Mhetre Dr. Sagar ,   Professor, Department of Pathology, Ashwini Rural Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kumbhari, Solapur, India
Published: February 2021

Background: As malaria is a potential medical emergency, prompt and accurate diagnosis is criticalfor its effective management. Conventional microscopic examination of peripheral thick and thinblood smear examination remains the “gold standard” for malaria diagnosis. Material: A 2 yearprospective study from 2011 to 2013 was conducted at Navodaya Medical College Hospital andResearch Centre, Raichur. The study comprised of a total number of 150 cases positive for Malaria,collected from above mentioned centre and those referred from peripheral referral centres. Clinicalhistory regarding age, sex, nature and duration of illness were elicited. Blood sample forhaematological study was taken before starting anti-malarial drugs in all these cases. Result: Out oftotal cases, P. vivax infected cases (62%) were common than P. falciparum (34%) and mixedinfection cases [PV & PF] (4%). Most common presenting symptom of cases affected by PV, PF andmixed infection were fever and chills & rigors and least common symptom was cough. Mostimportant haematological changes observed were anaemia and thrombocytopenia (77.3% each) andleucopenia (31.3%). All the above mentioned changes in haematological parameters were speciesspecific and statistically significant, except for red cell indices, DLC and ESR. Conclusions: Inconclusion, changes in haematological profile can help in early diagnosis of specific species ofmalaria for timely and appropriate treatment that can reduce the severity and prevention ofadditional consequences.
Spinal analgesia increases the frequency of noradrenalin administration, but does not affect the oxygen status of patients during laparoscopic surgeries for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zemskova D. V. , Potapov Aleksandr L. , Derbugov V. N. , Poluektova M. V. , Tchirkova T. V. , Vorobjova O. A. , Kostyuk I. P.
Published: February 2021

The objective. To assess the effect of spinal analgesia on the oxygen status and the level of myocardial damage markers in patients with colorectal cancer operated by laparoscopic access.
Subjects and methods. 60 patients with colorectal cancer operated under general anesthesia with laparoscopic access were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n=30) intraoperative analgesia was performed with fentanyl. In Group 2 (n=30) before the induction of general anesthesia was performed an intrathecal administration of 10.0-12.5 mg of bupivacaine and 200 mcg of morphine. In case of decreasing an MAP 65 mm Hg.V. a continue infusion of noradrenaline was began. The frequency of administration and the average dose of noradrenalin were estimated, as well as the levels of lactate, pH, BE, ScvO2, highly specific cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI ) and NT-proBNP in the central venous blood.
Results. The frequency of noradrenalin administration in group 2 was significantly higher compared to group 1 56.7% versus 26.7% (HR=2.1; 95% CI 0.86-4.16; p=0.036). Noradrenalin dose, the levels of lactate, pH, BE, ScvO2, hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP levels did not differ significantly in both groups at all stages of research.
Conclusion. Spinal analgesia increases the frequency of noradrenalin administration but does not affect the oxygen status and the level of myocardial damage markers in patients with colorectal cancer operated by laparoscopic access.