bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Recenzja]: A. Staniszewski, Fara gdańskiego przedmieścia. Przegląd ikonografii i spojrzenie na architektoniczne dzieje gotyckiego kościoła św. św. Piotra i Pawła w Gdańsku [...]
Authors: Szlufik Piotr
Published: July 2021

Pełny tytuł: [Recenzja]: A. Staniszewski, Fara gdańskiego przedmieścia. Przegląd ikonografii i spojrzenie na architektoniczne dzieje gotyckiego kościoła św. św. Piotra i Pawła w Gdańsku/ Die pfarrkirche der Danziger vorstadt. Überblick zur Ikonographie und eine Betrachtung der Architekturgeschichte der gotischen St.-Peter-und-Paul-Kirche in Danzig, Wydawnictwo VIA - Fundacja Karrenwall, Gdańsk 2015, ss. 160
Łukasz Jędrzejski, Państwo i społeczeństwo w Polskiej Kronice Filmowej 1944-1956. Obrazy komunikowania politycznego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2020, ss. 317
Authors: Szwed-Walczak Anna
Published: July 2021

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Evolution of the Belarus-Russia Union State: from integration to attempts of incorporation
Authors: Usov Pavel
Published: July 2021

Russian-Belarus political and economic integration was one of the basic factors of the forming of the neo-authoritarian regime in Belarus. Russian economic support for president Lukashenko provided rapid winding up of democratic transformation in Belarus and preserved the administrative managing of the national economy.

For a long period, Belarus society had been stuck in the soviet style of political life. At the same time, such a style of the political system allowed Russia to keep Belarus in the sphere of its cultural and geopolitical influence. As a result, Belarus was hardly open to a constructive relations with the West, and regular political repressions kept the country isolated.

During the second period of Lukashenko's authoritarian rule, when the Russian policy got significantly more aggressive, the integration became destructive for Belarusian statehood. It is evident that Moscow has been trying to realize an idea to restore some kind of a new empire project, and uses different tools to achieve the goal. It might be said that integration is one of the mechanisms of a hybrid war which Russia wages against post-Soviet republics. Taking into consideration that Belarus has not developed full economic and political relations with the West, its economic and political system is widely dependent on Russia, which puts Belarus in a difficult, critical position.

The continuation of the integration with Russia may result in the loss of Belarus' independence. Even though Lukashenko has been able to resist Kremlin’s insistence on the “deeper integration”, Belarus is still a part of the Union State, and stability of the political and economic system of the country depends on Russian support. No doubt, Moscow will continue its policy of wider control and subordination of Belarus.
Wstęp
Authors: Łukasik-Turecka Agnieszka , Piskorska Beata , Zaręba Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

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Homoseksualizm w starożytnym Egipcie
Authors: Ćwiek Andrzej
Published: July 2021

Zagadnienie homoseksualizmu w starożytnym Egipcie od kilkudziesięciu lat jest przedmiotem badań naukowych. Zmieniał się zarówno stosunek do przedmiotu badań, jak i ich metodologia. Autor przedstawia krytyczny przegląd literatury przedmiotu, uzupełniony o własne interpretacje. Omawia najważniejsze źródła, stosunkowo nieliczne, a często niejednoznaczne. Wśród źródeł pisanych są teksty religijne i literackie, m.in.: opowiadanie Horus i Seth, historia króla Nefer-ka-Ra i „generała” Sa-seneta, wzmianki w maksymach Peteh-hetepa, Księdze Umarłych („spowiedź negatywna” w rozdziale 125), Tekstach Sarkofagów i sennikach. Analiza tekstów ujawnia wiele kwestii dyskusyjnych dotyczących kontekstu przekazów, a także frazeologii i właściwego znaczenia terminów odnoszących się do seksualności. Wyraźnie wyróżniają się dwie kategorie: gwałt homoseksualny, mający na celu zdominowanie i upokorzenie wroga, i relacja emocjonalna, prowadząca do zachowań o charakterze seksualnym. Źródła ikonograficzne są jeszcze mniej liczne, a ich interpretacja mocno dyskusyjna. Należą do nich przede wszystkim przedstawienia Ni-anch-Chenemu i Chenemu-hetepa we wspólnym grobowcu w Sakkarze, wizerunki par jednopłciowych, graffiti i rysunki na ostrakonach, ukazujące (homoseksualne?) pary w trakcie stosunku płciowego. Znaczna część źródeł jest niejednoznaczna (a w przypadku żeńskiego homoseksualizmu po prostu niepewna). Dane na temat stosunku starożytnych Egipcjan do relacji homoseksualnych są co najmniej ambiwalentne. Niewątpliwie były one społecznie postrzegane jako niewłaściwe, ale nie były penalizowane.
Grzech relacji homoseksualnych w Piśmie Świętym. Medialne oskarżenia a rzeczywiste przesłanie dokumentu Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej „Czym jest człowiek?” (Ps 8,5). Zarys antropologii biblijnej (2019)
Authors: Witczyk Henryk
Published: July 2021

Natychmiast po ogłoszeniu w dniu 16 grudnia 2019 roku dokumentu Papieskiej Komisji Biblijnej „Czym jest człowiek? (Ps 8,5). Zarys antropologii biblijnej w wielu mediach dokonano manipulacji dotyczącej jego treści. Autor artykułu przedstawia na wybranych przykładach zaczerpniętych z prasy i portali internetowych, na czym polegała ta nierzetelna i wprowadzająca w błąd prezentacja. Ponieważ wypływa ona w dużej mierze z powierzchownej i wycinkowej lektury dokumentu, autor artykułu przedstawił jego, wbrew zarzutom, bardzo bogatą pod względem treści, aczkolwiek z uwagi na gatunek literacki tego rodzaju publikacji, syntetycznie zaprezentowaną katolicką wykładnię głównych tekstów Pisma Świętego, które mówią o żeńskich i męskich relacjach homoseksualnych (Rdz 19; Sdz 19; Kpł 18,22 i 20,13; Rz 1,26-28; 1 Kor 6,9-10; 1 Tm 1,9-10). Autor dochodzi do wniosku, że Papieska Komisja Biblijna obiektywnie odczytała zawartą w nich ocenę tych aktów jako sprzecznych z planem (celowością) stworzenia (Rdz 1,26-28), z objawionym Prawem Bożym (Kpł 18,22 i 20,13) i prawdą wpisaną w naturę stworzeń (Rz 1,26-27), a także z chrystologią, pneumatologią i eklezjologią Nowego Testamentu (1 Kor 6,9-10; 1 Tm 1,9-10).
Minat Siswa dalam Melanjutkan Studi Perguruan Tinggi di SMK Negeri 1 Talang Ubi
Authors: Gusmi Nabila Putri
Published: July 2021

ABSTRAKLatarÂ  belakangÂ  dalamÂ  penelitian ini adalah rendahnya minat siswa dalam melanjutkan studi perguruan tinggi pada siswa kelas X teknik kendaraan ringan otomotif SMK Negeri 1 Talang Ubi.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persentase minat siswa dalam melanjutkan studi perguruan tinggi dan bagaimanaÂ  implikasi bimbingan dan konseling terhadap minat siswa dalam melanjutkan studi perguruan tinggi. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 30 siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Talang Ubi yang diambil dengan Â menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket Â minat siswa melanjutkan studi perguruan tinggi. Analisis datanya menggunakan rumus Persentase. Hasil penelitianÂ  menunjukanÂ  bahwa minat siswa dalam melanjutkan studi perguruan tinggi di SMKÂ  Negeri 1 Talang Ubi yang terdiri dari 30 siswa sebagian besar mereka berada pada kategori Tinggi (T) dengan jumlah frekuensi 15 siswa atau dapat dipersentasekan dengan nilai 50%. Selanjutnya disusulÂ  padaÂ  kategori sangatÂ  tinggi Â (ST) dengan jumlah frekuensi 10 siswa yang dapat dipersentasekan dengan nilai 33,3%. Kemudian minat siswa berada pada kategori sedang (S) dengan jumlah frekuensi 5 siswa yang dapat dipersentasekan dengan nilai 16,7% dan tidak ada siswa yang berada pada kotegori rendah dan sangat rendah. Berdasarkan data diatas maka rata-rata minat siswa dalam melanjutkan studi perguruanÂ  tinggiÂ  berada Â pada kategori tinggi. Dalam hal ini guru bimbingan dan konseling sangat berperan penting dalam mempertahankan minat siswa dengan memberikan arahan kepada siswa untuk mengikuti sosialisasi mengenai beasiswa perguruan tinggi dan mengikuti seminar perguruan tinggiÂ  agar mereka selalu termotivasi dalam mempertahankan minat dalam melanjutkan studi perguruan tinggi. Kata kunci: Minat, Perguruan Tinggi.LayananÂ  BimbinganÂ  KonselingÂ
Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Layanan Konten dalam Bimbingan dan Konseling di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Palembang
Authors: Iskandar Desi
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Persepsi Siswa terhadap Penguasaan Konten dalam bimbingan dan konseling di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 15 Palembang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII1-VIII5 berjumlah 148 siswa. Sampel diambil secara Random dengan jumlah 30 siswa. Selanjutnya metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan penyebaran instrumen angket dengan skala likert. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rumus persentase. Pada hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi siswa terhadap layanan konten dalam bimbingan dan konseling kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 15 Palembang secara umum dikategorikan dengan kualitas cukup (77%).Â Â
Meningkatkan Self Efficacy Melalui Konseling Kelompok di Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 47 Palembang
Authors: Astantri Sri Yuli , Arizona Arizona , Darmawani Evia
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya suatu permasalahan yang dialami oleh sekelompok siswa yang memiliki keyakinan diri (self efficacy) rendah. Adapun tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan self efficacy siswa melalui konseling kelompok. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian Pre Eksperimental Design. Pola eksperimen yang digunakan peneliti ialah menggunakan one group pretest dan posstest design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII 2 SMP Negeri 47 Palembang dengan metode pengambilan sampel Non Probability Sampling dengan jenis Purposive Sampling sebanyak 9 siswa. Hasil pengelolahan data pretest yang didapatkan menghasilkan nilai 52% dan setelah perlakuan konseling kelompok nilai pada posttest mencapai 74% sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa peningkatan mencapai 23%. Hasil analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji wilcoxon dengan hasil sig.0,008 berarti Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak jika nilai sig < 0,05. Jadi kesimpulan akhir, karena 0,008 < 0,05 maka Ho ditolak, berarti ada perbedaan dan peningkatan self efficacy siswa sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti kegiatan konseling kelompok. Â Â
Penggunaan Tarjih, Ta’wil dan Pemahaman Hadits Tanawwu’ al-‘Ibadah
Authors: Dalil Fitri Yeni , Ismail Nurhidayati , Hafizzullah Hafizzullah
Published: July 2021

Dalam pemahaman hadits, ada beberapa langkah yang bisa ditempuh oleh seseorang agar sampai kepada maqâshid syariah ketika bertemu dengan hadits-hadits yang berbeda. Sehingga ditemukan titik terang yang membawa setiap muslim dapat mengamalkannya dengan hati yang tenang. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode komparatif (muqâran), yang kemudian dipahami dengan memahami kontennya. Dari pembahasan ini dapa disimpulkan bahwa dengan tarjih seseorang dapat memilih riwayat yang akan dijadikan pedoman dalam beragama, dengan takwil seseorang terhindar dari kebingungan akan makna kandungan hadits sehingga bisa relevan dengan relita dan tidak bertolak belakang dengan nash, dan dengan tanawwu’ul ibadah seorang muslim dapat menjaga ikatan persaudaraan sesama muslim dapat di jaga dan saling menghargai.
Fallos del mercado y crisis económica en perspectiva Covid-19
Authors: Yévenes Subiabre Ariel
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se exploran ámbitos analíticos relacionados con las condiciones que han de darse para que las sociedades se conduzcan hacia decisiones que propicien asignaciones eficientes de recursos y, por tanto, alcancen un escenario de máximo bienestar, contextualizando estos aná-lisis en el escenario socioeconómico señalado por la presencia de la crisis ocasionada por el Co-vid-19 en Chile. El objetivo es analizar las condiciones socioeconómicas bajo las cuales los actores económicos se conducen en contextos de alta incertidumbre, señalados por coyunturas de crisis. Los análisis se desarrollan en función de información secundaria, donde sea posible identificar el comportamiento del mercado desenvuelto en función de las distintas coyunturas acaecidas en el transcurso de la pandemia, identificando los fallos de mercado ocurridos y extrayendo aprendi-zajes con respecto al funcionamiento de políticas e intervenciones en el contexto de crisis. En este marco, el enfoque es cualitativo, no experimental, con un alcance descriptivo, caracterizando he-chos y fenómenos en una temporalidad transversal. Así, se analizan coyunturas relacionadas con la pandemia que revelan la existencia de fallos de mercado como limitantes del bienestar social, proponiendo, para superar los límites disponiendo de instancias de articulación público-privada para la construcción colectiva del bienestar social, en equilibrio público y privado, fortalecer la descentralización para propiciar la flexibilidad, la agilidad y la pertinencia de las políticas en el nivel territorial local
Editor's Note
Authors: Cuillier David
Published: July 2021

The editor examines the notion of a constitutional right to access government information, including its promises and limitations.
Chemical constituents of the whole plant of PHLOGACANTHUS TURGIDUS (FUA EX HOOK.F.) LINDAU
Authors: Phat Nguyen Tan , Chi Mai Thanh , Minh Phan Nhat , Hien Dang Chi , Dinh Tri Mai
Published: July 2021

The genus Phlogacanthus belongs to the family Acanthaceae and consists of more than 49 species, These species are widespread in tropical and subtropical zones such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Myanmar and Vietnam. In Vietnam, the genus contains about 06 species. The extracts from some species in this genus have been evaluated for biological activities as analgesic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and cytotoxic activities. In this study, the whole plant of Phlogacanthus turgidus was collected, dried, cut into small species, and extracted with ethanol to yield the ethanolic extract. Isolation of chemical constituents was performed using column chromatography on silica gel; their structures were elucidated by HRESI-MS, 1D & 2D-NMR and compared with published data. Six compounds, including two nor-isoprenoids: (+)-dehydrovomifoliol (1), (3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-megastiman-7-ene-3,5,6,9-tetrol (2), two steroids b - sitosterol (3), daucosterol (4), one lignan (+)-syringaresinol (5), a derivative of phenylethanoid glycosides: martynoside (6) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the whole plant of P. turgidus. Among them, 1, 2 were reported for the first time from the genus Phlogacanthus, while 3, 4, 5, 6, were found for the first time from this species.
Kebijakan Elijah Muhammad pada Gerakan Nation of Islam (NoI) dalam Memperjuangkan Etnis Afro-Amerika di Amerika Serikat
Authors: Fauji Sidik
Published: July 2021

The US people had discriminated Afro-Americans in various spheres. In the midst of the discrimination as well as the racism experienced by the blacks, a mysterious merchant called Fard emerged in 1930. As a form of existence and resistance toward the wide-spread discrimination and racism as well as to raise the voice of the citizens who did not get their rights and justice, he founded the Nation of Islam (NOI). One of Fard's disciples, Elijah Muhammad, then led and developed NOI in 1934-1975. The purpose of this research is to explain Elijah Muhammad's struggle in dignifying the Afro-American ethnic and his influence in the NOI movement. Focusing on literary research, the method used in this research is historical analysis, while the activities carried out in the analysis include topic selection, heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results obtained from this research are descriptions of Elijah Muhammad's policies in uplifting the identity of the Afro-American ethnic. In this case, Elijah Muhammad at least took two measures in the movement that he led, namely recovering the Black identity to be respectfully recognized and developing economic independence.
Pemilu dan Pilkada dalam Pusaran Politik Identitas
Authors: Santoso Eka Putra B
Published: July 2021

The relationship between politics and religion in Indonesia at this time can be seen from one important thing that is being popularly known, namely politics of identity. Politics of identity is the main spotlight in politics in Indonesia, especially in mainstream and non-mainstream media such as social media. The word politics of identity today can be said to have the same "bad image" as the word politics itself. Especially in Indonesia. Disclosure of certain identities in society in referring to politics seems to be a total mistake and can even be called a grave sin. Like the election of contestants in direct elections based on religion, certain tribes or races become a big disgrace, especially in the midst of the strengthening of Pancasila as an ideology and national identity that should not strengthen at certain times. Remembering Indonesia, which "he said" had agreed with Pancasila. But the phrase politics of identity cannot be denied any more amid the dynamics of current political contestation, with its image as the "big enemy" of the current Pancasila and the main disease of democracy. How is the true identity politics in Indonesia until now, which is said to have strengthened and threatened the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia? This paper tries to trace the political roots of identity and its development to this day.
Relasi Agama dan Negara Dalam Pandangan Ibnu Khaldun
Authors: Khalwani Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Relasi agama dan negara adalah sebuah hal yang sangat menarik untuk diperbincangkan, karena permasalahan ini tidak selesai dibahas oleh sarjana Islam klasik saja. Bahkan sarjana Islam kontemporer terus berlanjut membahasnya. Sarjana Islam, Ibnu Khaldun memberikan pendapatnya bahwa kekuasan atau negara merupakan watak alami sebuah peradaban. Sebuah kekuasaan harus ada dalam sebuah peradaban baik dalam kondisi ada atau tidaknya sebuah agama. Ibnu khaldun juga menyatakan bahwa kehadiran agama dalam kekuasaan akan memberikan dorangan moral yang baik, pemersatu dan legitimasi politik. Dalam hal ini, pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun tentang relasi agama dan negara dapat dikategorikan kedalam Paradigma Simbiotik.
إدارة الأعمال في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: CEVHER Mesut
Published: July 2021

بعيدا عن هدي القرآن يتخبط الناس في نظم الإدارة، فيجربون الشيوعية تارة، فتحرقهم بنارها، فيهربون إلى الرأسمالية أخرى، فيكونون كالمستجير من الرمضاء بالنار، بينما يشتمل هدي القرآن الكريم على مبادئ عادلة، وقيم تنقذ الإنسانية إذا طبقناها، كما تحقق لأصحاب الأعمال ما يرجونه من مكسب، وتوفر لهم من الأمن ما لم توفره نظم البشر الظالمة، وهنا تكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة.

ورغم أننا وجدنا أفكارا متناثرة حول هذا الموضوع في الدراسات السابقة إلا أننا لم نجد دراسة متخصصة بهذا العنوان؛ مما يزيد هذا البحث أهمية، ويزيد على عاتق الباحث المسؤولية، وسوف تتناول هذه الدراسة المبادئ الأساسية لإدارة الأعمال في القرآن الكريم، تحدد مصطلحاتها، وتبين عناصرها، وتوضح العلاقة بين هذه العناصر.

وسوف تعتمد الدراسة النص القرآني على قمة مراجعها، ثم تنزل إلى كتب التفسير الأساسية، ولن تهمل الاستفادة من الدراسات الحديثة. وتعتمد الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي منهجين لها، حيث تقوم بجمع المعطيات وتقوم بتحليلها للوصول إلى نتائج علمية صحيحة.
Hitap Muhatap İlişkisinde Cedelu’l-Kur'ân’ın İmkân ve Sınırı
Authors: İMAMOĞLU İbrahim Hakkı
Published: July 2021

Aristo mantığı içerisinde yer alan cedel, Fârâbî tarafından İslam akademyasına kazandırılmış ve sanat-ı hamse içerisinde bir söz biçemi olarak yer almıştır. Aristo mantığı içerisinde yer almakla birlikte Cedelin Kur'ân ilimlerinde kendine tam olarak yer bulamadığı söylenebilir. es-Suyuti’nin Cedelu’l-Kur'ân bölümünde teklif ettiği kavramların belagatin kavramları olduğu düşünülürse konu daha iyi anlaşılabilir. Muarızlarına yönelik Kur'ân’da cedelin olduğu -ki en azından kavramsal düzeyde vardır- kabul edildiğinde Kur'ân ilimlerinin tabii bir konusu haline gelmektedir. Dolaysıyla kadim ilim skalasında tam olarak yer bulamamış bu konunun yeniden ele alınması zarureti ortaya çıkmaktadır. Mekkeli müşrikler, Medineli münafıklar ve Medineli ehl-i kitap olan ilk muarızlarına Kur'ân birçok aklî ve semî deliller sunmuştur. Tüm bu istidlaller 23 yıllık nüzul sürecinde Kur'ân’ın üslubunu oluşturmuştur. et-Tûfî’nin de ifade ettiği gibi cedelin rükünleri olan soru-cevap, istidlal, itiraz ve itirazdan kurtulma yollarıyla Kur'ân, deliller getirerek muarızlarını susturmuş ve doğruya ulaştırmıştır.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of Alpinia zerumbet and A. purpurata nonpolar fraction of leaf extract
Authors: Victorio Cristiane Pimentel , Silva Davi Oliveira e , Alviano Daniela , Alviano Celuta , Kuster Ricardo Machado , Lage Celso Luiz Salgueiro
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of fractions of leaf hydroalcoholic crude extracts: hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic of Alpinia zerumbet and A. purpurata by the agar drop diffusion method in order to screen the main compounds involved in antimicrobial activity. Leaves of A. zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt et R.M. Sm. and A. purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum adult plants were collected and then dried and macerated in 70% ethanol. Leaf extracts were further partitioned using solvents in increasing polarity. Dichloromethane fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compound in the dichloromethane fraction of both species was the hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid). By drop diffusion assay, the antimicrobial activity of crude extract, as well as fractions of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic, was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. No bacteria were inhibited. However, the dichloromethane fraction exhibited promising antifungal activity against the following fungi tested: Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Trichophytoon rubrum, Microsporium canis and M. gypseum.
Autenticidade de amostras de Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek comercializadas em mercados de São Mateus, ES, Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Fabiane Fonseca , Zottele Livia , Ribeiro Izabela Ferreira , Oliveira Natane Sartor de , Reis Thassyane Rios , Aoyama Elisa Mitsuko , Menezes Luis Fernando Tavares de
Published: July 2021

Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) é uma planta conhecida popularmente como “espinheira-santa”. A espécie é nativa da região sudeste do Brasil, se adapta melhor a climas quentes e é utilizada na medicina popular no tratamento de doenças estomacais. A fitoterapia, encontra-se em expansão no Brasil e no mundo e, devido a esta crescente busca e desordenada extração de plantas medicinais, muitos vendem espécies semelhantes como se fossem originais, comprometendo a real eficácia dos produtos utilizados. Nesse sentido, a comparação anatômica tem provado ser útil na diferenciação das espécies.  Assim, o presente estudo visa avaliar a autenticidade de espinheira-santa comercializada em mercados de ervas de São Mateus-ES, por meio da caracterização de comparação anatômica foliar de amostras de M. ilicifolia in situ e comercializada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as estruturas anatômicas foliares de M. ilicifolia in situ, comparadas com as amostras da Casa Natural e do Mercado Municipal, diferem-se quanto à disposição dos feixes vasculares na nervura central, quanto ao formato do pecíolo e presença ou ausência de grupos de fibras isolados no córtex. Por fim, diante da avaliação das amostras, pode-se observar que o material comercializado em mercado de ervas, possivelmente não condiz com a espécie M. ilicifolia.
La importancia del principio de capacidad contributiva en el régimen tributario ecuatoriano
Authors: Armijos González Pedro Orlando
Published: July 2021

La Constitución de la República del Ecuador, en su artículo trescientos, no ha incluido al principio de capacidad contributiva como una de las máximas que modelan el régimen tributario nacional. No obstante, la Corte Constitucional ecuatoriana a través de varias sentencias, ha emitido pronunciamientos de gran valía acerca de la importancia de este principio, llegando a afirmar que el mismo constituye un eje transversal que tiene como fundamento la obligatoriedad de tributar; inclusive siendo considerada como la base de la cuantía de los aportes, de la misma forma como el límite de la presión tributaria. Este principio busca que las personas contribuyan al financiamiento del gasto público de forma moderada, atendiendo a su capacidad real, siempre y cuando se desprendan manifestaciones de riqueza verificables, es por esto que el legislador al momento de la configura-ción de un nuevo tributo, se encuentra en la obligación de considerarlo. La impor-tancia de esta máxima para el Régimen Tributario ecuatoriano es innegable, pues está erigida como garantía de los sujetos, evitando que las fuentes de riqueza sean trastocadas con la instauración de tributos desmesurados que ultimadamente po-drían ser considerados como inconstitucionales, por el hecho de poner en riesgo la armonía tributaria que supone la interrelación de los principios constituciona-les, incluyendo el de capacidad contributiva.
Upgrading of Heavy Oil under the exposition of Supercritical Water at Different Temperatures
Authors:   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Djimasbe R. , Varfolomeev M.A. ,   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Al-Muntasser A.A. ,   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Suweid M.A. ,   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Osin Yu.N. ,   Interdisciplinary Center «Analytical Microscopy», Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Diop F.S. ,   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Mustafina A.N. ,   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region), Garaeva D.I. ,   Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technology, Federal University of Kazan (Volga region)
Published: July 2021

In this work, an experimental study of the upgrading of heavy oil under the influence of supercritical water (SCW) at temperatures of 380 °C, 420 °C and 440 °C was carried out. The analysis of the composition and properties of liquid and solid products was carried out using a set of methods including SARA analysis, gas chromatography (GC), IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results show that with increase of the SCW temperature, an increase in the amount of gaseous products and coke occurs, while the yield of liquid products, their viscosity and density decrease. Data from SARA analysis and gas chromatography showed that with the increase of temperature to 420 °C, the content of the fraction of resins and asphaltenes decreases and the amount of saturated hydrocarbons increases to a maximum value. Similarly, at 420 °C, the vanadium (V) content decreases by 61.66 % in heavy oil, where it should be noted that the vanadium content is very sensitive to temperature changes. The elemental analysis data confirm that, under the influence of SCW, the sulfur content in oil decreases from 4.21 % to 2.43 %. According to the results obtained, it can be noted that the choice of temperature under the action of SCW significantly affects the upgrading of heavy oil. The most optimal temperature for the investigated heavy oil is 420 °C. The use of SCW is of practical interest for upgrading heavy oil, including reservoir conditions.
Synthesis of s-tetramethyl–, ethylammonium-o-butylxantogenates and study of them as antimicrobial additives to lubricant-cooling fluids
Authors:   Academician A.Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives of NAS Azerbaijan, Babayev E.R. , Efendiyeva Kh.G. ,   Academician A.Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives of NAS Azerbaijan, Mammadova P.Sh. ,   Academician A.Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives of NAS Azerbaijan, Poletayeva O.Yu. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Mukhametzyanov I.Z. ,   LLC «Gazpromneft STC», Behbudova Kh.Z. ,   Academician A.Guliyev Institute of Chemistry of Additives of NAS Azerbaijan
Published: July 2021

Water and emulsion lubricant-cooling fluid (LCF) are subject to microbiological damage during operation. At this time, the operation, physical-chemical, and sanitary-hygienic indicators of the LCF deteriorate and they become useless. Biocides are used as antimicrobial additives for water or water-emulsion LCFs, which also belong to the class of various organic compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur. In the present paper, a new derivative of butylxanthogenic acid was obtained from the interaction of tetramethyl-, tetraethylammonium iodine with potassium butylksantogenate. The antimicrobial properties of O-Butyl-S-tetramethyl-, tetraethylammonium xantogenate have been studied in lubricating-cooling fluid. It has been established that the O-butyl-S-tetramethyl ammoniumxantogenate has a high bactericidal, fungicidal effect in the range of 0.5-0.25-%. The structure of the substances was confirmed by IR spectroscopy.
METHODOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROREGIONAL COOPERATION
Authors:   State University Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Tsekhanovych Victor
Published: July 2021

The article examines the theoretical and methodological problems of euroregions. Theoretical and methodological foundations are studied through the prism of the role of regions in cross-border cooperation. Euroregions are the highest institutional form of cross-border cooperation. The role and place of euroregions in the system of cross-border cooperation are crucial. Currently, euroregions play an important role in creating favorable conditions for the development of relations between Ukraine and the EU. To do this, it is necessary to identify factors affecting the development of euroregional cooperation. Large-scale euroregional cooperation on the rights of free participation forms a kind of Free Trade Zones, where not only EU members, but also states that are members of euroregions (Ukraine, Moldova, Belarus) carry out their activities. But the most important thing is that large investments in the form of foreign direct investment are directed to these zones, which contributes to the recovery of these border areas and leads to the implementation of significant investment and integration projects in these territories. The development and implementation of fundamentally new approaches to the development of euroregions in Ukraine in the context of EU enlargement require radical changes in the geopolitical situation on the European continent and a change in the geopolitical status of euroregions after a large-scale expansion of the European Community. Today, Ukraine, adapting the pan-European principles of euroregional cooperation as much as possible, should not only use the generally accepted definitions and categories of cross-border cooperation as much as possible, but also implement them in detail. Thus, the new realities of an international nature in the XXI century in the context of the deepening and spread of the European integration process also determine the need for a qualitative change in the system of euroregional cooperation of Ukraine and the activation of the main subjects of cross – border relations-regions.
ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BITCOIN AND STOCK INDICES, COMMODITIES AND SECURITIES
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kuzminska Nataliia , Falko Mykyta ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Zaharov Nikita ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the impact of 44 different factors on the change in the price of bitcoin, such as: yields on US one-year bonds, prices for futures on palladium, platinum, gold, silver, copper, Chinese stock indices, German stock index DAX, French index CAC 40, stock indices of South Africa, India, Mauritius, England, Switzerland, Sweden, South Korea, etc. The most influential factors were selected, with the help of which two regression models were built. The presence of insignificant factors in the first model led to the need to consider the second one, which is much better. The second model lacks multicollinearity, but there are autocorrelation of residues and heteroscedasticity. There was an attempt to eliminate autocorrelation of residues, but it led to a significant reduction in the coefficient of determination to 22%. An attempt to explain the causality of the Bitcoin exchange rate to the KOSPRI index has been made. South Korea is a country, which actively cooperates with two main leaders in Bitcoin mining, namely China, where 65 % of new bitcoins are created, and the United States – 23 % of new bitcoins. Modern economic leaders actively influence not only the economy of their country, but also other economies. Korean companies are actively penetrating both the Chinese economy and the US national economy, which determines their impact on Bitcoin mining, as a large amount of necessary electronics is produced by South Korean companies such as SK hynix Inc. As for the palladium futures rate, palladium is a metal which is actively used in production of the electronics needed to mine bitcoin. Prospects for further research depend on trends in the price of bitcoin. It is possible that the price of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin will gradually rise, as some corporations begin to recognize Bitcoin as a means of payment for goods and services. This will increase demand and, as a result, prices. The confidence of large companies in Bitcoin will indicate the reliability of the cryptocurrency, which in turn will give confidence to minority investors in the need to add cryptocurrency to investment portfolios. The rise in prices will indicate the need to study the impact of various factors on changes in the price of Bitcoin. If the popularity of cryptocurrency begins to wane, it will lead to a rapid loss of its price. This development option will indicate the inexpediency of continuing to study the relationship of this cryptocurrency with these factors and the need to find other ones.
AGENT-ORIENTED DIFFUSION MODEL IN INNOVATIVE CLUSTERS
Authors:   National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Melnikov Viktor
Published: July 2021

The current stage of development of the world economy is characterized by a gradual increase in the level of its intellectualization and the transition to an economy based on knowledge rather than material resources. The ability of the national economy to absorb knowledge and use it effectively will increasingly determine the economic strength of a nation and the well-being of its citizens. The key components of a knowledge-oriented economy are innovations and organizations that contribute to their creation and dissemination. Achieving and maintaining an advantage over competitors is facilitated not only by innovation and education, but also by forming effective relationships between enterprises, which provides the conditions for the creation of network structures - clusters. Diffusion model is one of the methods of the distribution process innovation research. The subject of the diffusion model is the idea of the level of prevalence of innovation among a certain set of potential consumers in terms of mathematical dependence on the time that has elapsed since the introduction of innovation. Today, the most well-known and popular theories of innovation are the diffusion models of Frank Bass and Everett Rogers. From the point of view of the agent-oriented model of diffusion, the buyers of innovation cluster products are autonomous agents who are guided by certain rules and differ not so much in their fixed assets and implemented technologies as in production and innovation strategies. Depending on the behavior of agents, the following types are selected: innovator agent, «early minority» agent, «early majority» agent, skeptic agent, conservative agent. The general scheme of perception of innovation in agent-oriented diffusion model of innovation clusters has a hierarchical form. The higher the level of knowledge and competence of the agent, the greater his propensity to innovate. Innovators are the first agents to embrace or acquire innovation. As a result, we got a model that shows the number of customers at the time of model time. The developed agent model of diffusion in innovation clusters can be used in marketing research and product pricing, taking into account consumer behavior according to the classification of E. Rogers.
CORPORATE-STATE MODEL OF VENTURE FINANCING: EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Lahun Antonina
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the model of venture financing, which reflects the country-regional differentiation and its key distinctive features. It is noted that more than 40% of the largest European multinational companies annually allocate quite large-scale financing for the implementation of corporate venture programs. Among the factors that determine the high efficiency of the corporate-state model of venture financing, it should be noted first of all the high level of state regulation of innovation processes, the presence of large industrial companies with their own research centers and departments, and a developed and highly capitalized banking system. an active strategic partner of the business sector. National and regional innovation systems were formed as a result of complex interaction of scientific and technical, technological, socio-economic, political, legal and institutional-regulatory factors of innovative development of certain countries and regions. At the same time, the most decisive influence on their formation and further evolutionary development was exerted by scientific and technological determinants, which together form the global configuration of venture financing architecture and ensure effective consolidation of real business capital of some business structures and intellectual resources of others. Venture financing models provide large-scale development, implementation and use of the latest technical, technological and information tools in production and non-production areas and focus on the maximum concentration of material, technical and financial resources in the highest priority areas of research and development. This strategic goal is most implemented today in countries with a market model of venture financing, where it has long proven its high efficiency as a significant source of innovative development. At the same time, the deepening of techno-globalization processes gives a strong impetus to venture business, transforming it in line with global economic trends and stimulating scaling up and diversification of regional and sectoral-sectoral structure of venture capital.
FORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF HOLISTIC MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF HIGH UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Chura Sophia-Anna
Published: July 2021

Over the past year, business conditions in our country have deteriorated significantly due to the slowdown in business as a result of the coronary heart disease pandemic. The system of economic security of each enterprise faces new challenges, risks and threats, which cannot be counteracted without the application of the latest management approaches. It was found that, despite the deep historical roots of holism research and existing experience in other fields, the holistic approach is not yet used in the management of economic security of Ukrainian enterprises. To substantiate the methodological foundations of the system of holistic management of economic security of the enterprise used methods: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization – in the study of the essential characteristics of the terms "holistic management of economic security of the enterprise" and "uncertainty"; synthesis and analysis – for the formation of theoretical provisions for the use of a holistic approach in the management of economic security of the enterprise;morphological analysis – to clarify the content of the purpose, goals, functions, principles and methods as a basis for the formation and development of a system of holistic management of economic security of the enterprise; graphic – for visual presentation of theoretical and methodical material; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalizations and conclusions of the study. The own vision of holistic management of economic security of the enterprise as activity directed on creation of optimum conditions of functioning and development of the enterprise by acceptance and realization of administrative decisions proceeding from integrity of perception and forecasting of dynamics of internal economic processes, changes in external environment, influence of challenges, risks and threats and organizational support and interaction with external security actors. The essence of the concept of "uncertainty" (a characteristic of the market environment associated with the influence of a large number of factors) with the definition of the main factors and outline the measures to be implemented in the process of holistic management of economic security. The purpose, goals, principles, functions (divided into general and specific) and methods (organizational-administrative, economic and socio-psychological) as the basis of methodological bases of formation and development of the system of holistic management of economic security of the enterprise are substantiated.
OUTSTAFFING AS AN ALTERNATIVE MECHANISM FOR PRESERVATION OF EXCESS SOCIO-ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Artyukhina Maryna
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every aspect of life, in particular Ukrainian higher school, reinforcing the negative trends of recent years associated with a decrease in the number of applicants, the migration of school graduates to the Western countries to study, the deterioration of economic indicators of HEIs etc. In this regard, in some HEIs there are processes of the release of personnel, reducing the workload of academic staff, reducing the degree of services provided by HEIs. If the human resources potential of HEIs is excessive, there is a decrease in the workload of academic staff, in their motivation. On the contrary, the risks of losing their licenses, non-accreditation, staff turnover and other negative trends increase. In such conditions, innovative approaches become relevant to neutralize the negative trends in the process of the formation and preservation of the socio-economic potential of HEIs, the main component of which is human resources. The article identifies the essence of the excess socio-economic potential of HEI and outstaffing as an innovative mechanism for preserving and shaping the socio-economic potential. Outstaffing is the remote employment of staff for a project. A teacher at HEI can be an outstaffer and a university itself can act as an outstaffed company. The use of outstaffing as a new type of non-educational services will allow HEIs to maintain human resources, increase the workload, staff motivation, financial indicators and preserve the socio-economic potential of the institution as a whole.
SIMULATION OF CHANGES IN THE SECTORAL STRUCTURE OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY
Authors: Sokolova Olga
Published: July 2021

Theoretical and practical aspects of structural changes in the economy are the subject of scientific research by a large number of both foreign and domestic scientists. The theory of three sectors became a new methodological approach to the analysis of the structure of the economy. The process of modeling changes in the sectoral structure of the economy makes it possible to create such conditions that would facilitate Ukraine’s transition to an innovative model of development. The article simulates changes in the sectoral structure of the economy on the basis of the Cobb-Douglas production function. It is emphasized that changes in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of Ukraine’s economy should ensure the formation of an innovative model of its development. The evolution of the interpretation of the concept of «Solow balance» is highlighted. It is substantiated that the «Solow balance» contains an innovative component, so it is advisable to take it into account in the process of modeling changes in the sectoral structure. The «Solow balance» is calculated on the basis of initial data on the value of fixed assets, the number of employed population and the amount of value added in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The relationship between the level of the indicator in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy is considered. It has been proven that the primary sector of the economy is the starting point for sustainable economic growth, as it is the basis of the supply chain for the secondary sector, and also acts as an intermediate consumer of services in the tertiary sector. At the same time, changes in the «Solow balance» in one sector of the economy will provide a gradual change in the relevant indicators for other sectors not simultaneously, but over a period of time. Given that the «Solow balance» contains an innovative component, its increase involves the use of drivers of innovative development, which launch and intensify the processes of knowledge accumulation, innovation and their commercialization. Based on the developed model, it is substantiated that the increase of the «Solow balance» in the target sector is possible due to the increase in the share of intermediate consumption of services-drivers of innovative development.
THEORETICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Fisunenko Nadya , Dyachenko Dmitro
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the study of problems in the field of economic security of the enterprise. The essences of the concepts «danger» and «threat» are analyzed, their main properties are determined. The main types of danger are identified, according to the magnitude of the possible consequences. The main types of hazards include «warning», which has the following characteristics. They are: set of circumstances that have developed in the enterprise, to which it is necessary to react.
The peculiarities of the evolution of threats have been studied. The actuall scheme of evolution of threats has been built, considering the concepts of «risk», «danger» and «threat». The classification of economic threats and risks according to the main features (by area of distribution and objects of influence) as components of economic security of the enterprise are formed.
The main causes of economic threats have been identified. They are: insufficient adaptation of individual business entities to dynamic and constantly changing market conditions; general insolvency of business entities; growing crime; low level of labor discipline and responsibility of employees of enterprises, insufficient legal regulation of some activities; as well as low professional level of a significant part of the management and employees of the enterprise.
It is determined that the causes of physical threats are: inefficient personnel policy of business entities, low professional training, insufficient level of security of enterprises, banks, low control over the work process of employees.
The causes of intellectual threats are studied. They are first of all inefficient personnel policy of the enterprise, secondly, violation of non-disclosure agreements and the principle of publicity of results, then, intensification of competition in the markets along with low level of information security or its absence.
It is proposed that in order to effectively ensure the economic security of the enterprise, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the presence of various threats, risks and dangers and try to minimize their impact in time.