bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As percepções dos gestores de escolas públicas diante das atividades remotas na educação infantil
Authors: Basei Andréia Paula
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a percepção dos gestores escolares sobre o desenvolvimento de atividades remotas na educação infantil durante o ano letivo de 2020, marcado pela pandemia de Covid-19, que afetou distintos setores sociais, destacadamente, a educação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva e de campo, na qual foi realizada uma interlocução com os gestores de escolas públicas de educação infantil de quatro municípios de pequeno porte da microrregião central do estado do Paraná/Brasil. Os dados foram analisados e categorizados mediante a análise de conteúdo. O estudo evidencia os desafios de gestão das práticas pedagógicas, as quais precisaram ser revistas e reinventadas diante de um cenário de emergência que não possibilitou o planejamento e a preparação adequada dos professores, das estruturas, equipamentos, recursos e materiais pedagógicos. Nas conclusões aponta-se que a pandemia de Covid-19 não só trouxe novos problemas e desafios para o setor educacional, mas também deixou explícito problemas históricos da educação no Brasil e os gestores e professores tem se mostrado resilientes para assegurar o atendimento aos direitos de aprendizagem das crianças.
Reports of Asymptomatic Monkeypox Suggest That, at the Very Least, Some Infections Go Unnoticed
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: August 2022

This Medical News article discusses recent European reports of asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections.
Treatment With Topical Sirolimus for Recurrent Lymphatic Malformation of the External Urethral Meatus
Authors: Yonekura Satoru , Komori Takaya , Ishida Yoshihiro , Kogame Toshiaki , Kabashima Kenji
Published: August 2022

This case report describes a 17-year-old male patient with frog spawn–like vesicles around the urethra.
Preparing for the Bursting of the Psychedelic Hype Bubble
Authors: Yaden David B. , Potash James B. , Griffiths Roland R.
Published: August 2022

This Viewpoint presents impediments to the clinical application of psychedelics created by extreme shifts in public perception while advocating further study and encouraging the dispute of claims not supported by available evidence.
State‐space model combining local camera data and regional administration data reveals population dynamics of wild boar
Authors: Kasada Minoru , Nakashima Yoshihiro , Fukasawa Keita , Yajima Gota , Yokomizo Hiroyuki , Miyashita Tadashi
Published: August 2022

Recent increases in wildlife cause negative impacts on humans through both economic and ecological damage, as well as the spread of pathogens. Understanding the population dynamics of wildlife is crucial to develop effective management strategies. However, it is difficult to estimate accurate and precise population size over large spatial and temporal scales because of the limited data availability. We addressed these issues by first fitting a random encounter and staying time (REST) model based on camera trap data to construct an informative prior distribution for a capture rate parameter in a harvest‐based Bayesian state‐space model. We constructed a Bayesian state‐space model that integrated administration data on the number of captured wild boar with the prior distribution of capture efficiency estimated by camera trap data. The model with informative prior distribution from the REST model successfully estimated population dynamics, whereas the model using only the administration data did not, owing to a lack of parameter convergence. We identified areas where (1) wild boars exhibit a high potential population growth rate and a high carrying capacity, (2) current trapping efforts are effectively suppressing local populations, and (3) trapping reinforcement is required to control populations in the whole region. The model could be used to predict future trends in populations under the assumptions of ongoing trapping pressure. This will help identify spatially explicit trapping efforts to achieve target population levels.
Shaping a Soft Future: Patterning Liquid Metals
Authors: Ma Jinwoo , Krisnadi Febby , Vong Man Hou , Kong Minsik , Awartani Omar M. , Dickey Michael D.
Published: August 2022

This review highlights the unique techniques for patterning liquid metals containing gallium (e.g., eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn). These techniques are enabled by two unique attributes of these liquids relative to solid metals: 1) The fluidity of the metal allows it to be injected, sprayed, and generally dispensed. 2) The solid native oxide shell allows the metal to adhere to surfaces and be shaped in ways that would normally be prohibited due to surface tension. The ability to shape liquid metals into non‐spherical structures such as wires, antennas, and electrodes can enable fluidic metallic conductors for stretchable electronics, soft robotics, e‐skins, and wearables. The key properties of these metals with a focus on methods to pattern liquid metals into soft or stretchable devices are summari.
Luminescence nanomaterials for biosensing applications
Authors: Kumar Vaneet , Bhatt Diksha , Saruchi  , Pandey Sadanand
Published: August 2022

Due to their capacity to immobilize more bioreceptor parts at reduced volumes, nanomaterials have emerged as potential tools for increasing the sensitivity to specific molecules. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and graphene are among the nanomaterials that are under investigation. Due to the fast development of this field of research, this review summarizes the classification of biosensors using the main receptors and design of biosensors. Numerous studies have concentrated on the manipulation of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) in biosensing, cell tracking, bioimaging, and cancer therapy due to the effective removal of autofluorescence interference from tissues and the ultra‐long near‐infrared afterglow emission. As luminescence has a unique optical property, it can be detected without constant external illumination, preventing autofluorescence and light dispersion through tissues. These successes have sparked an increasing interest in creating novel PLNP types with the desired superior properties and multiple applications. In this review, we emphasize the most recent developments in biosensing, imaging, and image‐guided therapy whilst summarizing the research on synthesis methods, bioapplications, biomembrane modification, and the biosafety of PLNPs. Finally, the remaining issues and difficulties are examined together with prospective future developments in the biomedical application field.
Organophotocatalytic oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids
Authors: Tambe Shrikant D. , Cho Eun Jin
Published: August 2022

A sustainable photochemical protocol for the oxidation of alcohols to ketones and carboxylic acids has been developed by using 2,4,6‐triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPPT) as organophotocatalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant under visible light irradiation. The key reactive oxygen species, superoxide (O2•−) for the first oxidation step from alcohol to aldehyde and singlet oxygen (1O2) for the second oxidation step from aldehyde to carboxylic acid, were generated successfully by electron transfer and energy transfer pathways, respectively. A range of primary and secondary alcohols were converted to the corresponding carboxylic acids or ketones, and the optimized reaction conditions were applied to the synthesis of benzocoumarin.
Aberrant intrinsic neural network strength in individuals with “smartphone addiction”: An MRI data fusion study
Authors: Schmitgen Mike M. , Wolf Nadine D. , Sambataro Fabio , Hirjak Dusan , Kubera Katharina M. , Koenig Julian , Wolf Robert Christian
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives

Excessive smartphone use, also referred to as “smartphone addiction” (SPA), has increasingly attracted neuroscientific interest due to its similarities with other behavioral addictions, particularly internet gaming disorder. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying smartphone addiction. We explored interrelationships between brain structure and function to specify neurobiological correlates of SPA on a neural system level.

Methods

Gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic neural activity (INA) were investigated in individuals with SPA (n = 20) and controls (n = 24), using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and multivariate data fusion techniques, that is, parallel independent component analysis.

Results

The joint analysis of both data modalities explored shared information between GMV and INA. In particular, two amplitudes of low frequency fluctuations‐based independent neural systems significantly differed between individuals with SPA and controls. A medial/dorsolateral prefrontal system exhibited lower functional network strength in individuals with SPA versus controls, whereas the opposite pattern was detected in a parietal cortical/cerebellar system. Neural network strength was significantly related to duration of smartphone use and sleep difficulties.

Discussion and conclusions

We show modality‐specific associations of the brain's resting‐state activity with distinct and shared SPA symptom dimensions. In particular, the data suggest contributions of aberrant prefrontal and parietal neural network strength as a possible signature of deficient executive control in SPA.

Scientific significance

This study suggests distinct neural mechanisms underlying specific biological and behavioral dimensions of excessive smartphone use.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Steroidal Derivatives with D‐Ring Fused or Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Systems
Authors: Li Xiao‐San , Yang Mao‐Xun , Luo Yu‐Hao , Zhan He‐Hui , Chen Mei‐Fang , Huang Yong‐Mei , Liu Li , Yang Xue‐Mei
Published: August 2022

A series of novel D‐ring fused or substituted steroidal N‐heterocycles were synthesized, and their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The anticancer activity of these compounds against four human cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, H1299, HeLa and HepG2) were evaluated and the structure‐activity relationship (SAR) was also investigated. Compound 3c displayed significant inhibitory activity on the four cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.88 to 10.05 μM. Overall, these studies indicated that construction of N‐heterocyclic system with D‐ring substituted containing a double bond at C‐16 and C‐17 or D‐ring fused with [17,16‐d]azolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine could be a promising strategy to improve antitumor activity for steroids deserved further investigation.
Expanding the Substrate Scope of Native Amine Dehydrogenases through In Silico Structural Exploration and Targeted Protein Engineering
Authors: Ducrot Laurine , Bennett Megan , André‐Leroux Gwenaëlle , Elisée Eddy , Marynberg Sacha , Fossey‐Jouenne Aurélie , Zaparucha Anne , Grogan Gideon , Vergne‐Vaxelaire Carine
Published: August 2022

Native Amine Dehydrogenases (nat‐AmDHs) are NAD(P)H‐enzymes performing reductive amination, mainly active towards small aliphatic aldehydes and cyclic ketones, due to active site volumes limited by the presence of several bulky amino acids. Herein, inspired by the diversity of residues at these positions among the family, we report the implementation of mutations F140A and W145A in CfusAmDH and their transposition in nine other members. Moderate to high conversions were obtained with substrates not accepted by the native enzymes, notably n‐alkylaldehydes (44.6 %–99.5 % for hexanal to nonanal) and n‐alkylketones (16.0 %–53.7 % for hexan‐2‐one to nonan‐2‐one) with retention of excellent (S)‐enantioselectivity (>99 % ee). Complementary to the reported (R)‐selective AmDHs, the promising mutant CfusAmDH−W145A was further characterized for its synthetic potential. Crystal structure resolution and molecular dynamics gave insights into the cofactor and substrate specificity and the whole structural dynamics, thus providing keys for mutagenesis work on this enzyme family.
A Reusable Structural System Fit for Geometrical Standardisation and Serial Production
Authors: Odenbreit Christoph , Yang Jie , Romero Alfredo , Kozma Andras
Published: August 2022

A series of demountable connections for reusable composite flooring systems and a standardized adjustable steel connection have been developed and tested, to facilitate circular economy as well as the serial production of structural elements and the suitability to be added into BIM or other digital tools. Demountable beam and floor elements and adjustable steel connections form the basis of a Lego‐liked ‘plug and play’ circular framed structural system. This paper presents the proposed circular system, the results from experiments and finite element analyses and indicates the analysing methods for structural engineers to open a path way for fully implementation of the structures ‘as built’ into digital tools, fabrication and construction.
Nonlinear Dynamic Structural Analysis of Buildings Considering the Wind Nondeterministic Actions
Authors: Mota Silva Jean Carlos , Santos da Silva José Guilherme
Published: August 2022

In recent decades, the technological advances in civil construction have driven projects and construction of tall buildings in several countries. However, increasing the slenderness of the structural design has been crucial for reducing the natural frequencies values, generating, in some situations, excessive vibrations and human discomfort. This way, an aspect generally disregarded in day‐to‐day project practice is related to the geometric nonlinearity effect on the buildings structural response. Therefore, this work aims to assess the dynamic structural behaviour of a 48 floors and 172.8 m height steel‐concrete composite building, when subjected to nondeterministic wind actions. The results have indicated relevant differences when the geometric nonlinearity effect was included in the building dynamic analysis.
Assessment of Indirect Charring in Doweled Wood Connections and External Steel Plates Submitted to Fire
Authors: Fonseca Elza M. M. , da Silva Vânia S. B.
Published: August 2022

The present work aims to evaluate the wood connections, with dowels and external steel plates, in double shear, subjected to fire. The presence of external steel plates, in a fire situation, leads to a non‐uniform distribution of charring in the internal wooden elements. Based on the results, it is observed that the charring rate in wood does not remain constant and increases with the time of fire exposure of the steel elements. However, based on the influence of other variables, the charring rate decreases with increasing dowel diameter and with increasing wood density.
Numerical Analysis of Laminated Glass Panels with Articulared Bolted Point Fixings
Authors: Inca 1 Eliana , Jordão 2 Sandra , Bedon 3 Chiara , Mesquita 4 Afonso , Rebelo 5 Carlos
Published: August 2022

This paper reports on a finite element numerical investigation for pointed fixed laminated glass panels (PFLGP). The study focused on the influence of the fixing elements and interlayer material. Two mechanical point fixing solutions were studied: i) embedded and ii) countersunk bolt fixings. Two types of interlayers were considered: EVASAFE and PVB. The numerical models were developed with FE software Abaqus. Results are validated with ongoing experimental research, considering a selection of single PFLGP subjected to wind loads. The different numerical modelling techniques for each fixing type are described and detailed, allowing further developments on the characterization of these systems.
Demountable Steel‐CLT Composite Floors for Net‐Zero Carbon Buildings: State of the Art and Design Principles
Authors: Pimentel Ricardo , Simões Rui , da Silva Luís Simões
Published: August 2022

Steel‐concrete composite floors are one of the most common forms of construction considered for a steel‐framed building. Although structural efficient, the concrete holds strong environmental impacts. Nowadays, engineered timber products offer a competitive alternative solution. Replacing concrete with a timber‐based flooring element brings sound sustainability benefits to the solution. This paper discusses the use of composite steel‐CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) composite floors as an alternative to the traditional steel‐concrete composite floors. A literature review of steel‐CLT composite floor solutions was completed and summarized in this article. The available design guidance is also discussed.
Solution Structure of a Lanthanide‐binding DNA Aptamer Determined Using High Quality pseudocontact shift restraints
Authors: Andrałojć Witold , Wieruszewska Julia , Pasternak Karol , Gdaniec Zofia
Published: August 2022

In this contribution we report the high‐resolution NMR structure of a recently identified lanthanide‐binding aptamer (LnA). We demonstrate that the rigid lanthanide binding by LnA allows for the measurement of anisotropic paramagnetic NMR restraints which to date remain largely inaccessible for nucleic acids. One type of such restraints ‐ pseudocontact shifts (PCS) induced by four different paramagnetic lanthanides ‐ was extensively used throughout the current structure determination study and the measured PCS turned out to be exceptionally well reproduced by the final aptamer structure. This finding opens the perspective for a broader application of paramagnetic effects in NMR studies of nucleic acids through the transplantation of the binding site found in LnA into other DNA/RNA systems.
High Energy Density of Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Based Composite Films Induced by Anisotropic PLZT Fillers
Authors: Huang Can , Li Wenhao , Yang Lei , Peng Yedong , Huang Jinping , Hu Zhihui , Wang Qing , Xu Jianmei , Zhou Wei
Published: August 2022

With the rapid development of electronic industry, high‐energy storage density dielectric materials are urgently needed to meet electronic components equipment miniaturized demand. Polymer dielectric materials have the advantages of good flexibility and high breakdown field, however, the energy storage capacity of polymers is limited by its inherent low dielectric constant. To improve the dielectric constant and energy storage density of the polymer material, we synthesized 0D (zero dimension), 1D, 2D lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) fillers which introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The anisotropic of the fillers has obvious improvement on the properties of materials. Compared with 0D fillers, high anisotropic fillers are more effective in enhancing the dielectric performances and energy density of PVDF based composites. The high anisotropic ratios of 2D fillers limit the charge migration toward the electrodes and hold back the growing electric tree during breakdown. Consequently, high breakdown strength (430 MV/m) and high discharge energy density (13.9 J/cm3) for 2D PLZT/PVDF composite films were obtained. This work is of critical significance in making dielectric capacitors for energy storage devices and reveals the influence mechanism for different dimensions fillers on the dielectric and energy storage properties of PVDF based composites.
Ordered Double Transition Metal MXenes
Authors: Venkateshalu Sandhya , Tomboc Gracita M. , Kim Byeongyoon , Li Jinghong , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: August 2022

Since the discovery of MXenes, research has progressed tremendously to explore MXenes with new compositions apart from the conventional Ti3C2Tx. Recently, the MXene family further expanded with the discovery of ordered double transition metal MXenes, wherein the metal sites are occupied by two different transition metals, which can be arranged in‐plane or out‐of‐plane forming i‐MXenes or o‐MXenes, respectively. The feature of optimizing the properties of ordered double transition metal MXenes by precise engineering of the composition, number of metal layers, interlayer spacing, and surface functionalities is distinctive among the existing 2D materials. This review provides a brief overview of the theoretical and experimental studies on the ordered double transition metal MXenes to elucidate its structure and properties. In addition, the recent trends in the synthesis and the effects of fine‐tuning the composition, structure, and functional groups on their electrochemical performance are elaborated. The current challenges faced by these emerging MXenes and future research directions are also proposed.
An unusual location of solitary fibrous tumor in heart—A case report and review of literature
Authors: Fain Kristen , Parmar Kanak , Sharma Meenu , Horn Robert , Sethi Pooja
Published: August 2022

Background

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) are rare spindle cell tumors originating from the mesenchymal cells mostly from the visceral pleura. SFT was first described as a distinct entity in 1931 by Klemperer et al. Until now, we have limited data regarding the manifestation and behavior of extra pleural forms such as cardiac SFT. Here we present a case of SFT involving the pericardium where the diagnosis was made by imaging followed by biopsy findings. We also review the literature of SFT involving the heart and the management approaches.

Case Presentation

An 81‐year‐old male presented with progressive dyspnea. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a 6.2 × 5.3 cm soft tissue mass in the anterior mediastinum. Further imaging with CT angiogram showed a stalk‐like connection to the pericardium. A biopsy of the mass showed spindle cells positive for BCL‐2, CD34, and STAT 6, indicative of a solitary fibrous tumor. A surveillance approach was adopted for the patient.

Conclusion

Primary pericardial tumors are exceedingly rare, with a prevalence rate of 0.001%‐0.007%. Diagnosing a SFT requires a positive CD34 and BCL‐2 marker. The current recommendation is resection of localized disease which has been documented to be curative in cases of benign disease however our patient was put on surveillance.
A Quantum‐chemical Analysis on the Lewis Acidity of Diarylhalonium Ions
Authors: Robidas Raphaël , Reinhard Dominik L. , Huber Stefan M. , Legault Claude Y.
Published: August 2022

Cyclic diaryliodonium compounds like iodolium derivatives have increasingly found use as noncovalent Lewis acids in the last years. They are more stable toward nucleophilic substitution than acyclic systems and are markedly more Lewis acidic. Herein, this higher Lewis acidity is analyzed and explained via quantum‐chemical calculations and energy decomposition analyses. Its key origin is the change in energy levels and hybridization of iodine's orbitals, leading to both more favorable electrostatic interaction and better charge transfer. Both of the latter seem to contribute in similar fashion, while hydrogen bonding as well as steric repulsion with the phenyl rings play at best a minor role. In comparison to iodolium, bromolium and chlorolium are less Lewis acidic the lighter the halogen, which is predominantly based on less favorable charge‐transfer interactions.
Recent Advancements in Devising Computational Strategies for Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Das Sandeep , Manna Surya Sekhar , Pathak Biswarup
Published: August 2022

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) have been considered a viable alternative to increasingly costly and hazard‐prone lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which have reached a level of saturation. DIBs differ from LIBs in the way that the cations and anions originate from the electrolyte, thus signifying the active role played by electrolyte. In this Review, the major developments in research in the field of DIBs are summarized with a major emphasis on computational approaches in this direction. The various computational methods for understanding and designing electrodes are discussed. The advancements in electrode and electrolyte design for efficient DIBs are highlighted. Further, the ways to investigate solid–electrolyte interphase formation through simulations to comprehend the role of various components are discussed. Finally, directions are given on which future computational research can be carried out to design futuristic DIBs to provide useful guidelines to the researchers to understand and design DIBs.
Hetero‐Coupling of Bio‐Based Medium‐Chain Carboxylic Acids by Kolbe Electrolysis Enables High Fuel Yield and Efficiency
Authors: Neubert Katharina , Hell Max , Chávez Morejón Micjel , Harnisch Falk
Published: August 2022

Mixtures of n‐carboxylic acids (n‐CA) as derived from microbial conversion of waste biomass were converted to bio‐fuel using Kolbe electrolysis. While providing full carbon and electron balances, key parameters like electrolysis time, chain length of n‐CA, and pH were investigated for their influence on reaction efficiency. Electrolysis of n‐hexanoic acid showed the highest coulombic efficiency (CE) of 58.9±16.4 % (n=4) for liquid fuel production among individually tested n‐CA. Duration of the electrolysis was varied within a range of 0.27 to 1.02 faraday equivalents without loss of efficiency. Noteworthy, CE increased to around 70 % by hetero‐coupling when electrolysing n‐CA mixtures regardless of the applied pH. Thus, 1 L of fuel could be produced from 12.4 mol of n‐CA mixture using 5.02 kWh (<1 € L−1). Thus, a coupling with microbial processes producing n‐CA mixtures from different organic substrates and waste is more than promising.
Timing of a plant–herbivore interaction alters plant growth and reproduction
Authors: Rasmussen Nick L. , Yang Louie H.
Published: August 2022

Phenological shifts have the potential to change species interactions, but relatively few studies have used experimental manipulations to examine the effects of variation in timing of an interspecific interaction across a series of life stages of a species. Although previous experimental studies have examined the consequences of phenological timing in plant–herbivore interactions for both plants and their herbivores, less is known about their effects on subsequent plant reproduction. Here, we conducted an experiment to determine how shifts in the phenological timing of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larval herbivory affected milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) host plant performance, including effects on growth and subsequent effects on flower and seed pod phenology and production. We found that variation in the timing of herbivory affected both plant growth and reproduction, with measurable effects several weeks to several months after herbivory ended. The timing of herbivory had qualitatively different effects on vegetative and reproductive biomass: early‐season herbivory had the strongest effects on plant size, whereas late‐season herbivory had the strongest effects on the production of viable seeds. These results show that phenological shifts in herbivory can have persistent and qualitatively different effects on different life stages across the season.
Soft, environmentally degradable microfluidic devices for measurement of sweat rate and total sweat loss and for colorimetric analysis of sweat biomarkers
Authors: Liu Shanliangzi , Yang Da Som , Wang Shaotang , Luan Haiwen , Sekine Yurina , Model Jeffrey B. , Aranyosi Alexander J. , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Rogers John A.
Published: August 2022

Advanced capabilities in noninvasive, in situ monitoring of parameters related to sweat serve as the basis for obtaining real‐time insights into human physiological state, health, and performance. Although recently reported classes of soft, skin‐interfaced microfluidic systems support powerful functions in this context, most are designed as single‐use disposables. As a result, associated waste streams have the potential to create adverse environmental impacts. Here, we introduce materials and fabrication techniques that bypass these concerns through biodegradable microfluidic systems with a full range of features, including measurement of sweat rate and total loss, and colorimetric analysis of biomarkers. The key components fully degrade through the enzymatic action of microorganisms in natural soil environments, or in industrial compost facilities, to yield end products with beneficial uses as fertilizers and species to improve soil health. Detailed characterization of the constituent materials, the fabrication procedures, the assembly processes, and the completed devices reveal a set of essential performance parameters that are comparable to, or even better than, those of non‐degradable counterparts. Human subject studies illustrate the ability of these devices to acquire accurate measurements of sweat loss, sweat rate, pH, and chloride concentration during physical activities and thermal exposures.

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Carbonization‐free wood electrode with MXene‐reconstructed porous structure for all‐wood eco‐supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Weimin , Yang Kai , Luo Min , Zhang Daotong , Li Zhao , Liu Chaozheng , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

To bypass the conventional high temperature carbonization, MXene with an ultra‐high electrical conductivity and good electrochemical activity is coated on natural wood to make it a free‐standing electrode (TW). TW achieves a high electrical conductivity of 106.4 S m−1 and large capacitance of ~700 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, to overcome the low space utilization of the oversized vessels in wood which leads to a low energy density, a reconstructing strategy is used on TW to fully use the natural porous structure of wood by filling MXene aerogels in vessels. Compared with TW, the MXene aerogel‐loaded TW shows higher electrical conductivity of 323.6 S m−1 and capacitance of 930 mF cm−2 with remarkably high rate capability of 88.2% (0.5–10 mA cm−2). Additionally, an all‐wood eco‐supercapacitor is fabricated, and achieves a high energy density of 23 μW h cm−2 at 577 μW cm−2.

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Seismic collapse capacity and dispersion spectra for self‐centering braced frames considering uncertainty propagation
Authors: Chen Junbai , Wang Wei , Fang Cheng
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the development and application of seismic collapse capacity and dispersion spectra for self‐centering (SC) systems considering uncertainty propagation. A methodology for uncertainty evaluation is proposed to investigate the influence of material‐to‐system uncertainty on the collapse capacity of SC systems. The probability distributions and the correlation of SC system parameters are derived from statistical data obtained via generating non‐deterministic structural models and performing static push‐over and push‐pull analysis. Based on the uncertainty analysis, the influences of system hysteretic parameters, P‐Δ effect and near‐fault ground motions on the collapse capacity of SC systems are comprehensively investigated. Aided by an extensive parametric study on single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems, predominant factors controlling the collapse capacity of SC systems are revealed. The total dispersion of collapse capacity stemming from various sources including the record‐to‐record (RTR) variability and uncertainty in hysteretic parameters is subsequently quantified. Different definitions of RTR variability are discussed, highlighting the necessity of utilizing the RTR variability involving collapse state. The contribution of RTR variability and the uncertainty in hysteretic parameters are then evaluated by the first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) approach. Furthermore, the design collapse capacity spectra and design dispersion spectra, are developed. The results indicate that the design spectra are capable of estimating the collapse capacity of SC systems, and provide an easy‐to‐use quantification tool for probabilistic seismic assessment.
De novo large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fukagawa Eri , Yuasa Takeshi , Inamura Kentaro , Hamada Kosuke , Fujiwara Motohiro , Komai Yoshinobu , Yonese Junji
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Prostatic large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is poorly studied. Although several case reports are available, information on the clinicopathological characteristics of this disease is limited, particularly for the de novo (hormone‐naive) type. Herein, we report an extremely rare de novo case of this disease with a good prognosis despite a multi‐metastatic status.

Case presentation

An 83‐year‐old male patient presented with a high serum prostate‐specific antigen level and was found to have de novo prostatic large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma component upon pathological examination. Diagnosed with stage pT4cN1cM1c, he underwent chemo‐hormonal therapy using a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist and combined etoposide and cisplatin, which achieved a partial response. The patient has survived for 20 months without progression.

Conclusion

Although prostatic large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is known for its aggressive clinical behavior, the de novo type with an adenocarcinoma component may be sensitive to hormonal therapy and achieve a good prognosis.
Modelling flood susceptibility in northern Iran: Application of five well‐known machine‐learning models
Authors: Kohansarbaz Ashkan , Kohansarbaz Afshin , Shabanlou Saeid , Yosefvand Fariborz , Rajabi Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Floods have become known as the most devastating natural hazard during the past decade. The primary objectives of the current work are to employ five well‐known machine‐learning algorithms, including the boosted regression tree (BRT), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), generalized additive model (GAM), and generalized linear models (GLM), as intelligent methods and compare their proficiency in mapping the occurrence of flood hazards in the Saliantapeh basin, Golestan province, Iran, with an area of 4515.47 km2. Initially, 71 flood points are depicted to create a flood database map. Three data sets (i.e., ds1, ds2, and ds3) with a sample size of 30:70 are prepared using the random partitioning technique for evaluating the structure and accuracy of the models. Moreover, to model the flood potential, 16 conditioning factors related to floods (FCFs) are chosen as predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) specifies the predictive model's ability to properly forecast flood event occurrence or nonflood occurrence. The applied models are executed properly both in predictive skill (area under the curve [AUC] value greater than 0.90) and in the degree of fitting (DOF), which results in valid predictions. In other words, the RF model displays better performance compared to other models for flood hazard prediction. It not only displays the best proficiency basis on the AUC approach but also provides the results of robust predictions once the data sets are varied. Moreover, by varying the learning and validation flood points, the performance of the RF method for modelling the flood occurrence is entirely stable. Therefore, this model should be investigated as an appropriate technique in other flood studies because it is able to generate robust and accurate flood potential maps for researchers, local governments, and planners in flood reduction strategies.
Human milk extracellular vesicles preserve bronchial epithelial barrier integrity and reduce TLR3‐induced inflammation in vitro
Authors: Karra Nikita , Van Herwijnen Martijn J. C. , Wauben Marca H. M. , Swindle Emily Jane , Morgan Hywel
Published: August 2022

Breast milk is essential for facilitating the growth and development of infants and for providing immune protection against viral infections in the infant's airways. Yet, regulation of inflammation by milk components may be needed to reduce immune pathology. While milk‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bestowed with immunomodulatory capacities, their role in bronchial epithelial barrier function and inflammation has not yet been examined. We hypothesised that during feeding, milk is not only ingested, but aerosols containing milk EVs are inhaled and locally delivered to the infant's airways to suppress aberrant inflammation. A bronchial epithelial model of viral infection was used to explore the direct effect of milk EVs on cellular barrier function and cytokine release during stimulation with a viral dsRNA analogue (Poly I:C). We demonstrate that milk EVs improved the dsRNA‐mediated decrease in ionic barrier integrity, limited tight junction reorganisation and reduced inflammatory cytokine production (IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α). This protective response was EV‐mediated, could be successfully titrated and exhibited a time‐dependent response. The results indicate that if EV‐containing milk aerosols are inhaled during feeding, this may lead to protection of the airway integrity from adverse inflammatory effects.
Characterising extracellular vesicles from individual low volume cerebrospinal fluid samples, isolated by SmartSEC
Authors: Hirschberg Yael , Boonen Kurt , Schildermans Karin , van Dam Annemieke , Pintelon Isabel , Vandendriessche Charysse , Velimirovic Milica , Jacobs An , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Nelissen Inge , Vermeiren Yannick , Mertens Inge
Published: August 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are suggested to have a role in the progression of neurodegeneration, and are able to transmit pathological proteins from one cell to another. One of the biofluids from which EVs can be isolated is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, so far, few studies have been performed on small volumes of CSF. Since pooling of patient samples possibly leads to the loss of essential individual patient information, and CSF samples are precious, it is important to have efficient techniques for the isolation of EVs from smaller volumes. In this study, the SmartSEC HT isolation kit from System Biosciences has been evaluated for this purpose. The SmartSEC HT isolation kit was used for isolation of EVs from 500 μL starting volumes of CSF, resulting in two possible EV fractions of 500 μL. Both fractions were characterised and compared to one another using a whole range of characterisation techniques. Results indicated the presence of EVs in both fractions, albeit fraction 1 showed more reproducible results over the different characterisation methods. For example, CMG (CellMask Green membrane stain) fluorescence nanotracking analysis (NTA), ExoView, and the particles/μg ratio demonstrated a clear difference between fraction 1 and 2, where fraction 1 came out as the one where most EVs were eluted with the least contamination. In the other methods, this difference was less noticeable.

We successfully performed complementary characterisation tests using only 500 μL of CSF starting volume, and, conclude that fraction 1 consisted of sufficiently pure EVs for further biomarker studies. This means that future EV extractions may be based upon smaller CSF quantities, such as from individual patients. In that way, patient samples do not have to be pooled and individual patient information can be included in forthcoming studies, potentially linking EV content, size and distribution to individualised neurological diagnoses.
Animal models for studies of HIV-1 brain reservoirs
Authors: Waight Emiko , Zhang Chen , Mathews Saumi , Kevadiya Bhavesh D , Lloyd K C Kent , Gendelman Howard E , Gorantla Santhi , Poluektova Larisa Y , Dash Prasanta K
Published: August 2022

The HIV-1 often evades a robust antiretroviral-mediated immune response, leading to persistent infection within anatomically privileged sites including the CNS. Continuous low-level infection occurs in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in CD4+ T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MP; monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells). Within the CNS, productive viral infection is found exclusively in microglia and meningeal, perivascular, and choroidal macrophages. MPs serve as the principal viral CNS reservoir. Animal models have been developed to recapitulate natural human HIV-1 infection. These include nonhuman primates, humanized mice, EcoHIV, and transgenic rodent models. These models have been used to study disease pathobiology, antiretroviral and immune modulatory agents, viral reservoirs, and eradication strategies. However, each of these models are limited to specific component(s) of human disease. Indeed, HIV-1 species specificity must drive therapeutic and cure studies. These have been studied in several model systems reflective of latent infections, specifically in MP (myeloid, monocyte, macrophages, microglia, and histiocyte cell) populations. Therefore, additional small animal models that allow productive viral replication to enable viral carriage into the brain and the virus-susceptible MPs are needed. To this end, this review serves to outline animal models currently available to study myeloid brain reservoirs and highlight areas that are lacking and require future research to more effectively study disease-specific events that could be useful for viral eradication studies both in and outside the CNS.
Significant relationship between Arctic warming and East Asia hot summers
Authors: Kim Da‐Seul , Jun Sang‐Yoon , Lee Myong‐In , Kug Jong‐Seong
Published: August 2022

Arctic warming is of growing interest because it could affect midlatitude climates. Even though numerous studies have paid attention to the relationship between Arctic warming and the midlatitude climate in winter, the influence of Arctic warming on the summer conditions has not been examined in depth. Here we identify a significant relationship between East Asia hot summers and Arctic warming over the Barents and Kara seas. To represent Arctic warming, we define a combined index by simply differencing the normalized surface air temperature and sea‐ice indices. We found that the combined index in July has significantly high correlations with the temperatures in China, Korea, and Japan. While the teleconnection mechanism is not completely revealed, it is evident that warming over the Barents and Kara seas is accompanied by the local development of an anomalous anticyclone and downstream wave trains, which yield a strong anticyclonic circulation over East Asia and the North Pacific. The anticyclonic circulation persists and intensifies until August, which leads to hot summer conditions in East Asia with warm advection and enhanced shortwave radiation. Our results suggest that Arctic climate conditions can be used as a useful precursor of East Asia temperature variations even in summer.
The inseparable two: Impact of prior success and failure on new product development project discontinuation
Authors: Lévesque Moren , Subramanian Annapoornima M. , Vrande Vareska Van De
Published: August 2022

New product development (NPD) is a risky and expensive endeavor. Therefore, discontinuing less promising NPD projects, based on their development trajectories, is very important, yet firms face challenges when deciding whether and when to discontinue NPD projects. This article examines how characteristics of a firm's prior success and failure experiences, such as the number of launched and discontinued past projects, their attributes (i.e., the codification and quality of the knowledge underlying these past projects), and their level of relatedness (i.e., similarity) to current projects, influence the risks of continuing and discontinuing NPD projects, thus impacting their future discontinuation decisions. We adopt a mixed method approach, where we formally model and empirically test the influence of prior experiences on future decision‐making. A formal model enables us to offer reasoning that considers the risks of continuing a project versus discontinuing that project as the basis for theoretical arguments for a set of proposed testable relationships. We then empirically test these relationships on 2938 new drug development projects of biopharma firms worldwide. We find that firms with a greater amount of success and failure experiences tend to discontinue less promising NPD projects sooner than firms with less success and failure experiences. Also, we find that while the attributes (particularly knowledge codification) of successful experiences predominantly helped firms decide on timely discontinuation, failure experiences influenced firms' decision on timely discontinuation only when the projects were closely related to their failure experiences.
Decoupling time filter method for the non‐stationary Navier‐Stokes/Darcy model
Authors: Tang Zhuyan , Jia Xiaofeng , Feng Hui
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we propose time filter algorithm based on the Backward Euler method for the non‐stationary Navier‐Stokes/Darcy problems. The decoupling method is composed of Backward Euler method and normal time filter. Stability and the second‐order convergence are also proved in details. Finally, numerical examples are listed to validate the theoretical analysis.
Wasserstoffwirtschaft: In Japan und in Deutschland
Authors: Franz Adam W. , Kirchhoff Tobias , Möller Alexander , Schmid , Rolf , Zimbardi Christopher
Published: August 2022

Ob in der Industrie, im Verkehr oder zum Heizen: Saubere Energie ist überall nötig, um die Klimaziele zu erreichen und den Übergang zur Kohlenstoffneutralität zu gewähren. Wasserstoff gilt dabei als Alternative zu fossilen Brennstoffen und stößt weltweit auf Interesse und Investitionen.
European Platform: Formulating Industry
Authors: Sebastio Giulia
Published: August 2022

Why chemists should know about their downstream users, and how legislation defines them. They are neither distributors nor consumers.
9th Carnival Conference Session 2022 (CCS‐2022)
Authors: Bruns Jörn , Disch Sabrina , Strub Erik , Rasche Bertold
Published: August 2022

Zum 9. Mal fand in diesem Jahr am Department Chemie der Universität Köln die „Carnival Conference Session“ (CCS‐2022) mit etwa 50 Teilnehmer:innen statt. Corona hatte den ursprünglich karnevalistischen Termin dieses Jahr in den Sommer verschoben. Zur CCS werden aufstrebende Forscher:innen aus allen Bereichen der Chemie nach Köln eingeladen. Die Vorträge adressieren Forschende aus den Arbeitsgruppen und Studierende. Das interdisziplinäre Programm bestand in diesem Jahr aus vier Vorträgen und bot Einblicke in die Spektroskopie, die Batterieforschung, das Züchten von Volumenkristallen und die Hochdruckchemie von Uran.
125 Jahre GÖCH
Authors: Gärtner Peter
Published: August 2022

Am 24. Juni 2022 hat die Österreichische Chemische Gesellschaft im TUtheSky an der TU Wien ihr 125‐jähriges Bestehen gefeiert. Anlass, ein wenig zurück, aber vor allem auch in die Zukunft zu blicken.
An interim analysis of a gestational weight gain intervention in military personnel and other TRICARE beneficiaries
Authors: Estevez Burns Rosemary , Hare Marion E. , Andres Aline , Klesges Robert C. , Talcott Gerald Wayne , LeRoy Karen , Little Melissa A. , Hyrshko‐Mullen Ann , Waters Teresa M. , Harvey Jean R. , Bursac Zoran , Krukowski Rebecca A.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Despite military fitness regulations, women in the military frequently experience overweight/obesity, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and the postpartum implications. This interim analysis of the Moms Fit 2 Fight study examines GWG outcomes among active‐duty personnel and other TRICARE beneficiaries who received a stepped‐care GWG intervention compared with those who did not receive a GWG intervention.

Method

Participants (N = 430; 32% identified with an underrepresented racial group, 47% were active duty) were randomized to receive a GWG intervention or the comparison condition, which did not receive a GWG intervention.

Results

Retention was 88% at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation. Participants who received the GWG intervention gained less weight compared with those who did not (mean [SD] = 10.38 [4.58] vs. 11.80 [4.87] kg, p = 0.0056). Participants who received the intervention were less likely to have excessive GWG compared with those who did not (54.6% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.0241). The intervention effects were significant for participants who identified as White, but not for those of other racial identities. There were no significant differences between the conditions in maternal/neonatal outcomes.

Conclusions

The intervention successfully reduced excessive GWG, particularly among participants who identified as White. Should this intervention be found cost‐effective, it may be sustainably integrated throughout the military prenatal care system.