bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible Adverse Reactions to Herbal Products: A Study with Individuals Who Resort To Popular Medicine in the City of Diadema, SP, Brazil
Authors: Soares Neto Julino A. R. , Galduróz José Carlos F. , Marques Luis Carlos , Kato Edna Tomiko , Macrini Thiago , Rodrigues Eliana
Published: May 2013

The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of adverse reactions (ADRs) related to herbal products (HPs), which are purchased over‐the‐counter for self‐treatment, reported by 100 users. Samples of the HPs related to those ADRs were purchased for their pharmacobotanical identification. The ADRs reported were evaluated based on specialized literature and were analyzed according to causality into probable (PR), possible (PO), unrelated (UR) or unclassifiable (UC); according to expectance into unexpected adverse reaction (UNEX) and expected adverse reaction (EX); seriousness into serious adverse event or reaction (S) and non‐serious (NS); and severity into mild (MI), moderate (MO) and severe (SE). Among 100 interviews, five complaints of ADRs were reported in relation to HPs: Senna alexandrina, with a report of cramps (PR; MI; EX; NS); Camellia sinensis, associated with tachycardia (PO; MI; EX; NS); Bauhinia sp., a strong allergic reaction that led to hospitalization (UC; MO; UNEX; S); Picrasma crenata, with several symptoms and hospitalization (UR; MO; UNEX; S); and 21‐herb tea, related to an allergic reaction (UC; MI; EX; NS). The strategies used in this study allowed us to carry out an analysis of ADRs attributed to HPs. This analysis could serve as a model in the study of similar cases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY AND LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS OF HABITAT QUANTITY AND QUALITY FOR RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Laliberte J. J. , Post J. R. , Rosenfeld J. S.
Published: May 2013

We developed predictions of habitat quantity and quality for three life stages of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, across a range of stream sizes characterized by mean annual discharge of 1 to 50 m3 s−1. The physical habitat template was created by nesting a reach‐scale two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (River2D) within a downstream hydraulic geometry system using published coefficients for low‐gradient and high‐gradient watersheds. This provided both longitudinal and transverse estimates of depth and velocity profiles that, when combined with habitat suitability curves for the life stages, resulted in predictions of habitat quantity (weighted usable area) and habitat quality (the proportion of the stream profile that provided useable habitat) for rainbow trout along the stream continuum. Habitat quantity increased asymptotically for all life history stages but increased more rapidly in the low‐gradient watershed. Habitat quality decreased non‐linearly for young‐of‐the‐year and peaked at intermediate stream sizes for juveniles in both low‐gradient and high‐gradient watersheds. Adult habitat quality peaked in the high‐gradient watershed but increased asymptotically in the low‐gradient watershed, presumably due to lower mean velocities at larger stream sizes. Incorporation of transverse variation in depth and velocity in our physical habitat template provides a more realistic representation of habitat quantity and quality than do earlier assessments based on simple modal estimates of depth and velocity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression on manifolds using data‐dependent regularization with applications in computer vision
Authors: Shaw David A. , Chellappa Rama
Published: May 2013

Various issues arise in performing regression and classification when one uses images as predictors, chief among them high dimensionality. Considering a naïve approach in which each pixel is entered into the model as a separate predictor, the analysis quickly becomes unwieldy, since modern cameras can output pictures with pixels numbering on the order of millions. However, images are highly constrained; the intrinsic dimension of an image is often far less than its ambient dimension. Moreover, various techniques to obtain new predictors (e.g., via feature extraction or by considering sets of predefined salient points in each image as variables in a regression model) can further reduce the dimension of the predictors, giving rise to an inherent lower‐dimensional, manifold structure. We show that, for some regression problems in computer vision, using a data‐dependent regularization that implicitly considers this manifold structure yields improvements over numerous alternatives. We extend this method to cases in which the structure is known a priori, in which it outperforms alternative methods, including those which explicitly take the known structure into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Surface treatment of aluminium automotive sheet: Mythology and technology
Authors: Scamans G. M. , Andrews P. R. , Butler C. , Hall A. , Thompson G. E. , Ma Y. , Zhou X.
Published: May 2013

The use of aluminium automotive sheet to save weight, fuel and carbon emissions is increasing as EU OEMS strive to reach progressively tougher targets and from the need to avoid fleet average penalty payments. Surface finishing of structural sheet for alloys like AA5754 generally involves cleaning and pretreatment followed by roll coating with a lubricant. For alloys supplied for body panels like AA6016 and its variants, surface treatments can include a mechanical texturing treatment followed by cleaning and pretreatment with a stabilising treatment and then spray coating with a dry film lubricant. Surface finishing capacity in the EU is now available on six finishing lines with an estimated total capacity of about 350 kt/year. This is just about in balance with present demand, but the capacity of the existing lines will soon be exceeded by the rapidly increasing demand. Further finishing lines will be required to keep pace with the increasing demand. There is a difficult balance to achieve between cost and finishing process complexity and the demanding requirements of formability, adhesive bond durability and surface appearance specified by the automotive companies in the EU. It is important to understand the need and value of each of the finishing treatments considered to be essential for automotive sheet supply in the EU compared to the less stringent requirements applied in North America and Japan. The complex microstructural and technological issues surrounding surface finishing and sheet performance will be analysed and discussed in detail and opportunities identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Konstruktive Auslegung, Berechnung und Ausführung einer außergewöhnlichen Bogenbrücke in Stahl‐Verbundbauweise
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Hafner Harald
Published: May 2013

Im Zuge der Neuerrichtung einer Bundesstraßenbrücke in Bruck an der Mur, nahe Graz/Österreich, wurde versucht – trotz einer bescheidenen Gesamtstützweite von etwa L = 68 m – gestalterisch ein besonderes Tragwerk zu errichten. Damit entstand eine außergewöhnliche Bogenbrücke, mit einer in dieser Form noch nicht verwirklichten Lage der Abspannseile. Der schräg über das Brückendeck verlaufende stählerne Bogen stellt für die Nutzer quasi ein Tor in das Murtal dar. Das Brückendeck selbst ist als Verbundtragwerk mit zwei außenliegenden Hauptträgern ausgeführt.

Vor allem die spezielle Form der Seilabspannung führt für dieses Tragwerk zu einem untypischen Tragverhalten, das die Berechnung und Bemessung maßgeblich bestimmte. Einleitend wird dieses Tragverhalten in vereinfachter Form dargestellt sowie die sich daraus ergebenden Besonderheiten bei der Modellbildung im Zuge der Systemberechnung. Näher eingegangen wird auf die Stabilitätsberechnung des Bogens und auf die Festlegung der Vorspannkräfte in den einzelnen Seilen sowie deren Erreichung im Zuge der Montagefolge.

Wesentlich für die praktische Umsetzung war auch die konstruktive Detailausbildung in Hinblick geringer Herstellungskosten. Einige signifikante konstruktive Details werden näher vorgestellt. Abschließend wird auf die Fertigung und Montage des Tragwerkes eingegangen, die auch für den Fertigungsbetrieb eine große Herausforderung darstellte. So wurde der als Kastenquerschnitt mit geneigten Stegen ausgebildete Bogen auch aus der Bogenebene überhöht, bedingt durch die spezifische Geometrie der Seile.

Design and erection of a remarkable steel/composite arch bridge. The reconstruction of a road bridge at Bruck/Mur near Graz/Austria gives the opportunity to design a remarkable arch bridge with a new type of hangar geometry. The arch spans across the bridge deck and forms a gate for the bridge user. The composite bridge deck consists of two plate girders.

First of all the specific load carrying behaviour of the bridge is represented and the influence on the global analyses is shown. The stability verification of the arch and the design of the pretensioning sequence are discussed. Some interesting construction details are presented. Finally the manufacturing and erection sequence of the bridge is documented.
Nonclinical Core Competencies and Effects of Interprofessional Teamwork in Disaster and Emergency Response Training and Practice: A Pilot Study
Authors: Peller Jennifer , Schwartz Brian , Kitto Simon
Published: May 2013

Objective

To define and delineate the nontechnical core competencies required for disaster response, Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) members were interviewed regarding their perspectives and experiences in disaster management. Also explored was the relationship between nontechnical competencies and interprofessional collaboration.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Canadian DMAT members to explore how they viewed nontechnical core competencies and how their experiences influenced their perceptions toward interprofessonalism in disaster response. Data were examined using thematic analysis.

Results

Nontechnical core competencies were categorized under austere skills, interpersonal skills, and cognitive skills. Research participants defined interprofessionalism and discussed the importance of specific nontechnical core competencies to interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusions

The findings of this study established a connection between nontechnical core competencies and interprofessional collaboration in DMAT activities. It also provided preliminary insights into the importance of context in developing an evidence base for competency training in disaster response and management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–8)
Development of a Mobile-Optimised Website to Support Students With Special Needs Transitioning From Primary to Secondary Settings
Authors: Chambers Dianne , Coffey Anne
Published: May 2013

With an increasing number of students with special needs being included in regular classroom environments, consideration of, and planning for, a smooth transition between different school settings is important for parents, classroom teachers and school administrators. The transition between primary and secondary school can be difficult for students with special needs, particularly in the areas of organisation and social interaction. Technology can be used to assist students to make this transition more effectively and may work to minimise any difficulties involved in the transition. In this article the authors describe transition considerations, and technology use for students with special needs and how technology may be used to address transition issues. The authors conclude by detailing the initial development process of a mobile-optimised website to support students with special needs who are transitioning from a primary to secondary environment in an Australian context. Future directions for the use of the website are explored.
Staking a Claim
Authors: Taylor Cheryl
Published: May 2013

Mt Isa's story is an Australian foundation epic. Only heroic struggle could have dug the mine and built the city a thousand kilometres from the nearest deepwater port, in a scorched red landscape sparsely dotted with spinifex and eucalypts. In Mines in the Spinifex (1970), Geoffrey Blainey celebrates the fortitude of the prospectors and entrepreneurs who overcame these obstacles to found what he calls ‘the greatest Australian mine of the [twentieth] century’ (1970: 64).
BRITISH POLITICS AND CINEMA'S HISTORICAL DRAMAS, 1929–1938
Authors: FIELDING STEVEN
Published: May 2013

Inspired by the debate about the influence feature films exerted over popular political attitudes during the interwar period, this article explores how one of cinema's most popular genres, the historical drama, represented British politics during the 1930s. It concentrates on eight films that depicted leading figures from Britain's modern political past, ranging from Robert Clive and Pitt the elder to Queen Victoria by way of Benjamin Disraeli. The article emphasizes how this historiophoty was shaped by the movies' production context. For they were: created within a transatlantic culture, with a majority produced in Hollywood; depended on how stars associated with the genre, notably George Arliss, embodied their roles; and structured around conventions which privileged popularity over accuracy. Thanks to such influences, these movies articulated a strongly normative view of British democracy, showing how personable, paternalistic, and disinterested leaders had improved the people's welfare and advanced a benevolent empire. This picture of Britain's political past was clearly convenient to Stanley Baldwin's Conservative party. However, it owed its essential character less to the establishment bias of the interwar film industry and more to the irreducibly ‘cinematic’ nature of commercial cinema.
POLITICAL ARITHMETIC AND THE ENGLISH LAND TAX IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III
Authors: LOFT PHILIP
Published: May 2013

This article explores the role of the method of political arithmetic and political arithmeticians in the changing methods of raising finance during the Nine Years War. It discusses the actions of parliament-men in committees and their interaction with reports containing data, and the influence of projectors on the decision to introduce, and later abandon, the pound rate. Throughout this period, political arithmeticians were active participants, providing data, advice, and schemes to the treasury and parliament, and when they were not, ‘country’ MPs, in particular, were active in calling for data and leading its cross-examination. This article suggests that debates on public finance did not occur along party lines, with ‘county communities’ given fresh presence by the quantification of the inequality of the land tax burden. Political arithmetic is shown to have played an important role in the processes and negotiations that occurred over the setting of taxation policy in the ‘long eighteenth century’.
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN'S 1905–1906 WORLD TOUR
Authors: SCROOP DANIEL
Published: May 2013

This article is a study of the 1905-6 world tour undertaken by William Jennings Bryan and his family. Bryan was one of the major US politicians of his era. Three times a Democratic party presidential nominee (1896, 1900, 1908), he played a prominent role in the various reform crusades of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and was the leading figure on the populist, agrarian wing of his party. To date, however, historians have paid little attention to his extensive travels and voluminous travel writing, in large part because hostile journalists and historians – chief among them Walter Lippmann, H. L. Mencken, and Richard Hofstadter – succeeded in casting him as an archetype of American parochialism. This study makes us aware of Bryan's published and unpublished correspondence, the memoirs of his daughter Grace, newspaper reports, and cartoons to form a reassessment of Bryan, focusing primarily on his encounters with unfamiliar cultures, and with imperialism in the Philippines, British India, and the Dutch East Indies. In so doing, it places Bryan for the first time in a global and transnational frame, and mounts a broader critique of the rigidly regional and national orientation of the US historiography of populism.
Numerical simulation of pulsed plasma sheath dynamics around a micro-sized tip
Authors: GHOMI H. , MAHMOODPOOR A. , GOUDARZI H. , NIKNAM A. R.
Published: May 2013

In this paper the spatial and temporal evolution of pulsed plasma sheath around a micropatterned surface is investigated using two-dimensional fluid model. The simulation region is considered as a micro-sized tip with rectangular cross section. The effects of rise time on electric field, ion density distributions, and dose of ions impacting the target are studied. It is shown that the plasma sheath has a balloon-like behavior in the early time stages.
Treating severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Touyz S. , Le Grange D. , Lacey H. , Hay P. , Smith R. , Maguire S. , Bamford B. , Pike K. M. , Crosby R. D.
Published: May 2013

Background

There are no evidence-based treatments for severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN). This study evaluated the relative efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-AN) and specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) for adults with SE-AN.

Method

Sixty-three participants with a diagnosis of AN, who had at least a 7-year illness history, were treated in a multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT). During 30 out-patient visits spread over 8 months, they received either CBT-AN or SSCM, both modified for SE-AN. Participants were assessed at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and at 6- and 12-month post-treatment follow-ups. The main outcome measures were quality of life, mood disorder symptoms and social adjustment. Weight, eating disorder (ED) psychopathology, motivation for change and health-care burden were secondary outcomes.

Results

Thirty-one participants were randomized to CBT-AN and 32 to SSCM with a retention rate of 85% achieved at the end of the study. At EOT and follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement. There were no differences between treatment groups at EOT. At the 6-month follow-up, CBT-AN participants had higher scores on the Weissman Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS;p = 0.038) and at 12 months they had lower Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) global scores (p = 0.004) and higher readiness for recovery (p = 0.013) compared to SSCM.

Conclusions

Patients with SE-AN can make meaningful improvements with both therapies. Both treatments were acceptable and high retention rates at follow-up were achieved. Between-group differences at follow-up were consistent with the nature of the treatments given.
Peierls’ dielectric response for clarification of interacting electron with laser beams
Authors: Hora Heinrich
Published: May 2013

The formulation of the momentum of electromagnetic radiation or photons in media is a historical question. After Peierls discussed all these options, a crucial new value for the dominating dispersion factor σ was derived for non-ionized media with the consequence that an opto-acoustic coupling exists. After the experimental confirmation of the Kapitza-Dirac effect the generalization of the effect for quantum modulation of electron beams by crossing laser beams is ascertained. The evaluation of repeated experiments of this quantum modulation is very precisely confirming by measurements that the Peierls factor σ = 1/5 is correct.
Extraordinary strong jump of increasing laser fusion gains experienced at volume ignition for combination with NIF experiments
Authors: Hora Heinrich
Published: May 2013

Aiming breakeven for nuclear fusion energy needs a more than 1000 times higher fusion gain. This may be achieved as the anomalously high jump of gains known from the discovery of volume ignition since 1978. This is considered for combination with the present most advanced experiments at the world highest class laser of NIF.
Performance and trends in recent opinion retrieval techniques
Authors: Orimaye Sylvester O. , Alhashmi Saadat M. , Siew Eu-Gene
Published: May 2013

This paper presents trends and performance of opinion retrieval techniques proposed within the last 8 years. We identify major techniques in opinion retrieval and group them into four popular categories. We describe the state-of-the-art techniques for each category and emphasize on their performance and limitations. We then summarize with a performance comparison table for the techniques on different datasets. Finally, we highlight possible future research directions that can help solve existing challenges in opinion retrieval.
A survey of privacy in multi-agent systems
Authors: Such Jose M. , Espinosa Agustín , García-Fornes Ana
Published: May 2013

Privacy has been a concern for humans long before the explosive growth of the Internet. The advances in information technologies have further increased these concerns. This is because the increasing power and sophistication of computer applications offers both tremendous opportunities for individuals, but also significant threats to personal privacy. Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems are examples of the level of sophistication of computer applications. Autonomous agents usually encapsulate personal information describing their principals, and therefore they play a crucial role in preserving privacy. Moreover, autonomous agents themselves can be used to increase the privacy of computer applications by taking advantage of the intrinsic features they provide, such as artificial intelligence, pro-activeness, autonomy, and the like. This article introduces the problem of preserving privacy in computer applications and its relation to autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. It also surveys privacy-related studies in the field of multi-agent systems and identifies open challenges to be addressed by future research.
A New Avionics-Based GNSS Integrity Augmentation System: Part 2 – Integrity Flags
Authors: Sabatini Roberto , Moore Terry , Hill Chris
Published: May 2013

This paper presents the second part of the research activities carried out to develop a novel Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Avionics-Based Integrity Augmentation (ABIA) system for manned and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. The ABIA system's architecture was developed to allow real-time avoidance of safety-critical flight conditions and fast recovery of the required navigation performance in case of GNSS data losses. In more detail, our novel ABIA system addresses all four cornerstones of GNSS integrity augmentation in mission- and safety-critical avionics applications: prediction (caution flags), avoidance (optimal flight path guidance), reaction (warning flags) and correction (recovery flight path guidance). Part 1 (Sabatini et al., 2012) presented the ABIA concept, architecture and key mathematical models used to describe GNSS integrity issues in aircraft applications. This second part addresses the ABIA caution and warning integrity flags criteria and presents the results of a simulation case study performed on the TORNADO Interdiction and Strike (IDS) aircraft.
GPS based onboard orbit determination system providing fault management features for a LEO satellite
Authors: Bolandi H. , Larki M. H. Ashtari , Abedi M. , Esmailzade M.
Published: May 2013

This paper presents accurate orbit determination (OD) of the Iran University of Science and Technology Satellite (IUSTSAT) from Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The GPS position data are treated as pseudo-measurements within an onboard orbit determination process that is based on the numerical integration of the equations of motion using an earth gravity model and applying an Extended Kalman Filter for the data processing. In this paper, through accurate tuning of GPS duty cycle and on/off time intervals, a solution is suggested to achieve the desired OD accuracy despite power constraints. Moreover, a new scheme for automatic fault management in the orbit determination system is derived that provides fault detection and accommodation features.
Military Necessity and the Cultures of Military Law
Authors: LUBAN DAVID
Published: May 2013

Military and humanitarian lawyers approach the laws of war in different ways. For military lawyers, the starting point is military necessity, and the reigning assumption is that legal regulation of war must accommodate military necessity. For humanitarian lawyers, the starting point is human dignity and human rights. The result is two interpretive communities that systematically disagree not only over the meaning of particular law-of-war norms, but also over the sources and methods of law that could be used to resolve the disagreements. That raises the question whether military lawyers’ advice should acknowledge any validity to the contrary views of the ‘humanitarian’ community. The article offers a systematic analysis of the concept of military necessity, showing that civilian interests must figure in assessing military necessity itself. Even on its own terms, the military version of the law of war should seek to accommodate the civilian perspectives featured in the humanitarian version.
In Memoriam: Pieter Hendrik Kooijmans (1933–2013)
Authors: NIJMAN JANNE E.
Published: May 2013

Professor Emeritus of Public International Law Pieter Hendrik (Peter) Kooijmans passed away on 13 February 2013. He leaves a lasting void within the international-law community both inside and outside the Netherlands.
CLASSIFICATION AND SYMMETRIES OF A FAMILY OF CONTINUED FRACTIONS WITH BOUNDED PERIOD LENGTH
Authors: CHENG K. H. F. , GUY R. K. , SCHEIDLER R. , WILLIAMS H. C.
Published: May 2013

It is well known that the regular continued fraction expansion of a quadratic irrational is symmetric about its centre; we refer to this symmetry as horizontal. However, an additional vertical symmetry is exhibited by the continued fraction expansions arising from a family of quadratics known as Schinzel sleepers. This paper provides a method for generating every Schinzel sleeper and investigates their period lengths as well as both their horizontal and vertical symmetries.
The Role of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Authors: Roessner Veit , Buse Judith , Schultze Finnja , Rothenberger Aribert , Becker Andreas
Published: May 2013

Objective: The study examines the role of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) as a part of the psychopathology of children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: We assessed the psychopathology of four large patient groups without further psychiatric disorders: CTD (n = 112), CTD + ADHD (n = 82), ADHD (n = 129), and controls (n = 144)) by implementing the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We compared the main effects for CTD and ADHD with and without including OCS as covariates. Results: Including OCS led to substantially different main effects for CTD on seven out of eight CBCL subscales. Slightly different main effects for ADHD were determined with respect to ADHD, mainly on the subscale withdrawn. Conclusions: OCS are closely related to CTD-associated psychopathology and – to a lesser extent, but nevertheless of importance in daily clinical practice – on ADHD-related symptoms. This information can be helpful in implementing more precise diagnostics and treatment in daily routine care.
Nationalsozialistische «Kindereuthanasie» – Das Beispiel Günter Nevermann
Authors: Haack Kathleen , Häßler Frank , Kumbier Ekkehardt
Published: May 2013

Unter dem euphemistisch-zynischen Begriff der «Euthanasie» wurden zwischen 1939 und 1945 systematisch mehrere hunderttausend kranke und behinderte Menschen ermordet. Unter ihnen waren mindestens 6.000 Kinder und Jugendliche. Anhand des Einzelschicksals von Günter Nevermann aus Wismar wird das System der Erfassung, Aussonderung und Tötung eines als «lebensunwert» und somit für die Gemeinschaft nicht tragfähig erscheinenden Kindes nachgezeichnet. Sein Fall dokumentiert eindringlich, dass Ärzte, wie nach 1945 häufig behauptet, sich keineswegs in einer «tragischen Zwangslage» befanden. Scheinbar ohne moralische Skrupel opferten sie die ihnen anvertrauten jungen Patienten einem kaum hinterfragten Ideal, dessen Ziel die Vervollkommnung des «Volkskörpers» war. Nur sehr wenige der Täter wurden in beiden Teilen Deutschlands zur Verantwortung gezogen. Zumeist praktizierten sie weiter, hatten leitende Funktionen inne und waren Mitglieder oder sogar Ehrenmitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie e. V. (DGKJP) bzw. derer Vorgängerorganisation. Hier gilt es künftig aufzuklären und aufzudecken.
A comparison model between density functional and wave function theories by means of the Löwdin partitioning technique
Authors: Caballero Marc , Moreira Ibério de P. R. , Bofill Josep Maria
Published: May 2013

A comparison model is proposed based on the Löwdin partitioning technique to analyze the differences in the treatment of electron correlation by the wave function and density functional models. This comparison model provides a tool to understand the inherent structure of both theories and its discrepancies in terms of the subjacent mathematical structure and the necessary conditions for variationality required for the energy functional. Some numerical results on simple molecules are also reported revealing the known phenomenon of “overcorrelation” of density functional theory methods.
An automated steady state photocarrier grating experiment
Authors: Longeaud C.
Published: May 2013

The design of an automated steady state photocarrier grating (SSPG) experiment is presented that matches most of the requirements of an industrial environment. We first briefly recall the bases of the SSPG technique and that the minority carrier diffusion length deduced from this experiment is a key parameter in the fabrication of thin film solar devices. We then underline the main drawbacks of the use of the classical SSPG technique as an industrial and systematic characterization technique mostly that all the adjustments have to be done manually. We show that this issue can be overcome to end with a compact (90 × 60 cm2), fast, reliable, and easy-to-use system that could become a routine characterization technique for research laboratories and thin film solar industry. We illustrate the possibilities of this new system by showing some of the results obtained with it on very different thin films.
Polymer translocation dynamics in the quasi-static limit
Authors: Polson James M. , McCaffrey Anthony C. M.
Published: May 2013

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to study the dynamics of polymer translocation through a nanopore in the limit where the translocation rate is sufficiently slow that the polymer maintains a state of conformational quasi-equilibrium. The system is modeled as a flexible hard-sphere chain that translocates through a cylindrical hole in a hard flat wall. In some calculations, the nanopore is connected at one end to a spherical cavity. Translocation times are measured directly using MC dynamics simulations. For sufficiently narrow pores, translocation is sufficiently slow that the mean translocation time scales with polymer length N according to ⟨τ⟩ ∝ (N − Np)2, where Np is the average number of monomers in the nanopore; this scaling is an indication of a quasi-static regime in which polymer-nanopore friction dominates. We use a multiple-histogram method to calculate the variation of the free energy with Q, a coordinate used to quantify the degree of translocation. The free energy functions are used with the Fokker-Planck formalism to calculate translocation time distributions in the quasi-static regime. These calculations also require a friction coefficient, characterized by a quantity Neff, the effective number of monomers whose dynamics are affected by the confinement of the nanopore. This was determined by fixing the mean of the theoretical distribution to that of the distribution obtained from MC dynamics simulations. The theoretical distributions are in excellent quantitative agreement with the distributions obtained directly by the MC dynamics simulations for physically meaningful values of Neff. The free energy functions for narrow-pore systems exhibit oscillations with an amplitude that is sensitive to the nanopore length. Generally, larger oscillation amplitudes correspond to longer translocation times.
Efficient 2.0 μm emission in Nd3+/Ho3+ co-doped tungsten tellurite glasses for a diode-pump 2.0 μm laser
Authors: Yuan J. , Shen S. X. , Chen D. D. , Qian Q. , Peng M. Y. , Zhang Q. Y.
Published: May 2013

We report on an efficient 2.0 μm emission from Ho3+ via Nd3+ sensitization in tungsten tellurite glasses upon excitation with an 808 nm laser diode. The underlying mechanism is analyzed by means of photoemission spectroscopy and lifetime measurement. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, radiative properties, and emission cross section of Ho3+ are evaluated. Nd3+ with high absorption cross section near 808 nm (2.64 × 10−20 cm2) plays an important role in 2.0 μm emission by transferring pump energy to Ho3+:5I5 level. Meanwhile, only very weak upconversion are obtained. The use of Nd3+ as a sensitizing ion could open up a possibility to realize high efficient 2.0 μm lasing from Ho3+, which could operate at an 808 nm diode laser pump.
Coherent seeding of self-modulated plasma wakefield accelerators
Authors: Schroeder C. B. , Benedetti C. , Esarey E. , Grüner F. J. , Leemans W. P.
Published: May 2013

The growth of the beam self-modulation and hosing instabilities initiated by a seed wakefield is examined. Although the growth rates for the self-modulation and hosing instabilities are comparable, it is shown that an externally excited wakefield can be effective in selectively seeding the beam radial self-modulation, enabling the beam to fully modulate before strong beam hosing develops. Methods for coherent seeding are discussed.
Electronic and optical properties of layered RE2Ti2O7 (RE = Ce and Pr) from first principles
Authors: Sayede A. , Khenata R. , Chahed A. , Benhelal O.
Published: May 2013

We have studied the structural and electronic properties of Ce2Ti2O7 (CeTO) and Pr2Ti2O7 (PrTO) by first-principles density functional theory calculations. The computed structural parameters are in fairly good agreement with the available experimental findings. Band structure calculations using the GGA+U approach predict an insulating ground state for the herein studied compounds. The insulating band gaps of 2.00 eV and 2.83 eV are found for CeTO and PrTO, respectively. The analysis of the density of states reveals that the strongly localized RE 4f levels act as charge-trapping sites, predicting a lower photocatalytic activity for CeTO. We have also calculated the optical properties for both CeTO and PrTO. Based on these properties, it is predicted that these titanates are insensitive to ultra-violet radiation, while they are more sensitive to frequencies of the radiation in visible and early UV regions.
A probabilistic model for the interaction of microwaves with 3-dimensional magnetic opal nanocomposites
Authors: Makeeva G. S. , Golovanov O. A. , Pardavi-Horvath M. , Rinkevich A. B.
Published: May 2013

The complex diagonal and off-diagonal components of the effective permeability tensor were calculated for the case of a realistic 3D opal, infiltrated with Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 nanoparticles. First, an accurate electrodynamic effective medium permeability tensor approach is formulated. Next, Maxwell`s equations were solved rigorously for the case of an interacting systems of ferrite particles in the opal matrix, having a normal distribution of the ferromagnetic resonance fields. The method is demonstrated by calculating the bias field dependence of the components of the complex permeability tensor at 26 GHz, and a good agreement with recent experimental data was obtained.
Defect formation energy and magnetic properties of off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-In alloys by first-principles calculations
Authors: Bai J. , Xu N. , Raulot J.-M. , Zhang Y. D. , Esling C. , Zhao X. , Zuo L.
Published: May 2013

Ni-Mn-In is a novel type of magnetic shape memory alloy; it actualizes the shape memory effect through reverse martensitic transformation induced by magnetic field. But martensitic transformation cannot occur in the stoichiometric Ni2MnIn. Therefore, the composition adjustment must be carried out around stoichiometric Ni2MnIn in order to get the appropriate martensitic transformation temperature and Curie temperature. A variety of point defects would be generated during the process of composition adjustment. In this paper, the defect formation energies and the magnetic properties of the defect-introduced off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-In alloys are systematically investigated. The results are particularly useful in guiding composition design.
Interfacial dead layer effects on current-voltage characteristics in asymmetric ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Sun Ping , Wu Yin-Zhong , Zhu Su-Hua , Cai Tian-Yi , Ju Sheng
Published: May 2013

Current-voltage characteristics and P–E loops are simulated in SrRuO3/BaTiO3/Pt tunneling junctions with interfacial dead layer. The unswitchable interfacial polarization is coupled with the screen charge and the barrier polarization self-consistently within the Thomas-Fermi model and the Landau-Devonshire theory. The shift of P–E loop from the center position and the unequal values of the positive coercive field and the negative coercive field are found, which are induced by the asymmetricity of interface dipoles. A complete J–V curve of the junction is shown for different barrier thicknesses, and the effect of the magnitude of interfacial polarization on the tunneling current is also investigated.
Primary electron energy dependent flashover in surface polarity on Au films
Authors: Catalfano M. , Kanjilal A. , Al-Ajlony A. , Harilal S. S. , Hassanein A.
Published: May 2013

Primary electron energy (Ep) dependent change in target current was studied on a grounded Au film in the range of 40 to 3500 eV. The current jumped suddenly from a negative to a positive value at ∼650 eV with increasing Ep, while it disappeared in reverse sweep and with increasing substrate temperature. Detailed analysis suggests that Ep dependent surface charging plays a pivotal role in flashover. Prior to critical Ep in the forward sweep, a gradual shift of a double peak-like structure towards high kinetic energy region in the secondary electron spectra also confirms surface charging effect.
In situ study of HfO2 atomic layer deposition on InP(100)
Authors: Dong H. , Brennan B. , Zhernokletov D. , Kim J. , Hinkle C. L. , Wallace R. M.
Published: May 2013

The interfacial chemistry of the native oxide and chemically treated InP samples during atomic layer deposition (ALD) HfO2 growth at 250  °C has been studied by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The In-oxide concentration is seen to gradually decrease on the native oxide and acid etched samples. No significant changes of the P-oxide concentrations are detected, while the P-oxides chemical states are seen to change gradually during the initial cycles of ALD on the native oxide and the chemically treated samples. (NH4)2S treatment strongly decreases In-oxide and P-oxide concentrations prior to ALD and maintains low concentrations during the ALD process.
Modeling the bandstructures of B-DNA base stacks
Authors: Rengifo E. , Murillo G. , Arce J. C.
Published: May 2013

A pseudohelical approximation for the calculation of the bandstructures of DNA base homostacks in B conformation is introduced. It consists of choosing a unit cell of only two nucleobases with relative parallel displacement and twist that locally mimic the helical conformation. It is tested employing the extended Hückel method with a unique Wolfsberg-Helmholtz parameter. The resulting bandgaps and ionization potential trend agree well with the ones reported in the literature employing the full screw-axis symmetry and higher levels of theory. The electron and hole effective masses extracted from the bandstructures follow the same trends as the experimentally reported mobilities.
Delayed emission from InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by migration-enhanced epitaxy due to carrier localization in a wetting layer
Authors: An C. S. , Jang Y. D. , Lee H. , Lee D. , Song J. D. , Choi W. J.
Published: May 2013

Wetting layer (WL) photoluminescence (PL) at 10 K dominated the PL spectra of low-density quantum dots (QDs) grown by migration-enhanced epitaxy (MEE), even at very low excitation powers. Long PL rise time at the ground state (GS) of QDs was observed, when carriers are generated in the WL, indicating suppressed carrier capture from the WL into the QDs. Fluctuations in the WL thickness due to WL thinning in the MEE-grown QDs produced strong localization effects. Temperature dependence of the WL PL intensity and the GS PL rise time agreed well with this interpretation.
Comparison of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes and energetic particle modes by gyrokinetic particle simulations
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Wenlu , Lin Zhihong , Li Ding
Published: May 2013

This work reports on linear global gyrokinetic particle simulations of the excitation of toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) and energetic particle modes (EPM), and the comparison between these two modes. The TAE excitation by antenna clarifies the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mode structure and the discrete eigenmode exists in the gap between the upper and lower accumulation points. The TAE excitation by fast ions modifies the MHD mode structure because of radial symmetry breaking and the eigenmode frequency moves towards the lower accumulation point. The phase space structure of fast ions shows that both passing and trapped particles contribute to the TAE excitation and that trapped particles dominate the wave-particle resonance in our simulations. The growth rate of TAE is sensitive to the fast ion energy, density, and density gradient, which are also important factors contributing to the transition of the TAE to the EPM. The gyrokinetic particle simulations also confirm the excitation of EPM when the drive is stronger. The frequency of the EPM is determined by the characteristic frequencies of fast ion motion in toroidal geometry.
Using the redundancy of the magnetic field for magnetic scanning applications
Authors: Husstedt Hendrik , Kaltenbacher Manfred
Published: May 2013

In this work, we show how the complexity of magnetic sensors for scanning applications can be reduced about one dimension by utilizing the redundancy of the magnetic field. This means a three-dimensional magnetic field can be scanned with a two-dimensional sensor, and a two-dimensional magnetic field with a one-dimensional sensor. For this purpose, the fact is used that the magnetic field is purely solenoidal and that the curl of the magnetic induction in air can be assumed to be zero. After an explanation of the basic principal of the reconstruction of one field component, the performance of the method is analyzed with a two- and three-dimensional example where the magnetic field is computed analytically. Finally, results of a real measurement example are presented which are in excellent agreement with the theoretical considerations and which demonstrate the practical applicability of the method.
Study of the out-of-plane vibrational modes in thin-film amorphous silicon micromechanical disk resonators
Authors: Gualdino A. , Chu V. , Conde J. P.
Published: May 2013

Thin-film silicon micro resonators are fabricated by surface micromachining at temperatures that are CMOS and large area substrate-compatible. Disk resonators offer large working surfaces and a large number of vibrational modes. The vibrational modes of micromechanical disk resonators made from hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films were studied in this work. The dynamic behavior of these structures is shown to be mechanically described to be in the transition between a membrane and a plate due to the influence of residual stresses generated during the film growth and to thermal mismatch with underlying layers. Non-degenerate modes are observed as a consequence of the radial symmetry and their effective stiffness is related to the anchor geometry and the parity of the number of diametric nodal lines. The experimentally measured frequencies were compared with the simulated values from finite element modeling with good agreement. Investigation of the intrinsic quality factors shows that there is a dependence of the energy dissipation per cycle with the mode order that is related to the clamping anchors. Thermal annealing experiments show that enhanced quality factors can be obtained using low temperature annealing for a limited period of time.
Optimization of biohydrogen production by Enterobacter species using artificial neural network and response surface methodology
Authors: Karthic P. , Joseph Shiny , Arun Naveenji , Kumaravel S.
Published: May 2013

Optimization studies on fermentative hydrogen production were investigated using a facultative bacteria namely, Enterobacter species (MTCC 7104). The present study emphasizes the application of mathematical tools such as response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the maximum yield of hydrogen from the optimized carbon and nitrogen source. The key components such as glucose, initial pH, xylose, tryptone, yeast extract, sucrose, and peptone were screened using the Plackett-Burman design. Furthermore, rotatable central composite design and analysis of variance were adopted to investigate the interactive effect of the significant variables (xylose concentration, initial pH, and peptone concentration). Maximum experimental hydrogen yield of 1.94 mol H2/mol xylose was achieved at the optimal points predicted by the RSM. Modeling ability of ANN and RSM has also been evaluated on predicting the maximum hydrogen yield with the estimated values of root mean square error (RMSE), multiple correlation coefficients (R2), and standard error of prediction (SEP). The estimated values of RMSE, R2, and SEP for ANN model and RSM model confirm that fitness and prediction accuracy of ANN model were higher when compared to RSM model. Energy conversion efficiency and energy recovery analysis were performed for hydrogen production process using xylose as the source material.
Solar cell parameters estimation from illuminated I-V characteristic using linear slope equations and Newton-Raphson technique
Authors: Raj Shubham , Kumar Sinha Ankit , Panchal Ashish K.
Published: May 2013

To extract maximum output power from a solar cell, it is essential to know the solar cell parameters such as the photo-current (Iph), the series resistance (Rse), the shunt resistance (Rsh), the reverse saturation current (I0), and the diode ideality factor (n). This paper presents new and simple methods for estimating the cell parameters. First, Rse and Rsh are estimated from the intercepts of the linear slope equations dV/dI and dI/dV at the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the short circuit current (Isc) regions, respectively. The slopes of these equations also give I0 and n, known as method-1. In method-2, using Rse and Rsh obtained by method-1, I0 and n are estimated using Newton-Raphson technique. The methods presented here are applied to the illuminated I-V characteristics of silicon solar cells, an organic solar cell, and a dye sensitized solar cell previously reported in the literatures. The studies show that method-1 is more suitable for the solar cells with 70% or above fill factor whereas method-2 is suitable for all kinds of solar cells irrespective of fill factor.
Enhancement in solar hydrogen generation efficiency using a GaN-based nanorod structure
Authors: Benton J. , Bai J. , Wang T.
Published: May 2013

A significant enhancement in solar hydrogen generation has been achieved using a GaN-based nanorod array structure as a photoelectrode in comparison with a planar one fabricated from the same parent wafer. The nanorod array structure was formed by dry etching using a self-organised nickel nanomask. Under identical illumination conditions in hydrochloric acid solution, the photoelectrode with the nanorod array structure has demonstrated a photocurrent enhancement with a factor of 6 and an enhancement in the rate of hydrogen generation with a factor of 7. The enhancement in solar hydrogen generation is attributed to a massive improvement in light absorption area, reduced travelling distance for the migration of the photogenerated carriers to the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, and surface band bending.