bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐Triggered Mg2+ Blasting Release Hydrogel Microspheres for Promoting Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Huang Wenlin , Wang Xu , Zhao Zhenyu
Published: November 2024

Mg2+ (Magnesium ion) can affect bone tissue metabolism by regulating related signaling pathways in bone metabolism. However, how to realize precise controlled release of Mg2+ in bone regeneration treatment still presents a challenge. Herein, for the first time, the GelMA‐BP (Gelatin Methacryloyl‐Bisphosphonate) and the composite nano‐bubble system are fused to construct the Mg2+ blasting controlled‐release hydrogel microspheres, the stability of the nano‐bubbles in the microspheres is enhanced through metal coordination complexation, and the burst of the nano‐bubbles is controlled by using ultrasonic cavitation to achieve the precise controlled release of Mg2+, ultimately effectively promoting bone reconstruction. First, GelMA‐BP composite is prepared by Schiff base reaction. Second, the nanobubble BP (Bisphosphonate) system is constructed, and Mg2+ is combined with the ligand coordination to prepare the composite nanobubble system. Thirdly, through Mg2+ co‐coordination, the ultrasound‐triggered Mg2+ blasting controlled release microspheres were prepared to achieve bone repair. Overall, this innovative strategy effectively solves the problem of accurate controlled release of Mg2+, and finally effectively activates in situ bone tissue regeneration.
Your Clean Graphene is Still Not Clean
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Okmi Aisha , Xiao Kai , Lei Sidong , Lupini Andrew R. , Jesse Stephen
Published: November 2024

Researchers working with thin samples, such as monolayer graphene, are consistently struggling against contamination. Indeed, the problem of hydrocarbon contamination is known from the earliest days of electron microscopy and efforts to reduce this problem are ubiquitous to almost all high‐vacuum experiments. Accurate knowledge of the behavior of such contamination is essential for electron beam (e‐beam) based atomic fabrication, where it is aspired to select and control matter on an atom‐by‐atom basis. Here, the vexing question of hydrocarbon contamination on graphene is taken up. Image intensity is used to directly reveal the presence of diffusing hydrocarbons on ostensibly clean graphene. These diffusing hydrocarbons are previously inferred but not directly observed. Surprising dynamic variations of the concentration of these hydrocarbons impels questions about their origin. Here, some possible explanations are presented and some tentative conclusions are drawn. This work updates the conceptual model of “clean graphene” and offers refinements to the description of e‐beam induced hydrocarbon deposition.
A Microfluidic Platform for In Situ Studies of Bacteria Electroporation
Authors: Volkov Ivan L. , Khaji Zahra , Johansson Magnus , Tenje Maria
Published: November 2024

Electroporation of dye‐labeled bio‐molecules into bacteria has proven to be a valuable route for single‐molecule tracking in living cells. However, control over cell viability, electroporation efficiency, and environment conditions before, during, and after electroporation is difficult to achieve in bulk experiments. Here, a microfluidic platform is presented capable of single‐cell electroporation with in situ microscopy and demonstrate delivery of DNA into bacteria. Via real time observation of the electroporation process, it is found that the effect of electrophoresis plays an important role when performing electroporation in a miniaturized platform and show that its undesired action can be balanced by using bipolar electrical pulses. It is suggested that a low temperature of the sample during electroporation is important for cell viability due to temperature‐dependant viscoelastic properties of the cell membrane. It is further found that the presence of low conductive liquid between cells and the electrodes leads to a voltage divider effect that strongly influences the success of on‐chip electroporation. Finally, it is concluded that electroporation is a highly stochastic process and envision that the microfluidic system presented here, capable of single‐cell read‐out, can be used for further fundamental studies to increase the understanding of the electroporation process in bacterial cells.
Highly Stabilized Ni‐Rich Cathodes Enabled by Artificially Reversing Naturally‐Formed Interface
Authors: Ma Jinjin , Sun Yipeng , Wu Duojie , Wang Changhong , Yu Ruizhi , Duan Hui , Zheng Matthew , Li Ruying , Gu M. Danny , Zhao Yang , Zhou Jigang , Sun Xueliang
Published: November 2024

A significant obstacle in the manufacturing and practical application of Ni‐rich cathode materials is decreasing the manufacturing cost without sacrificing the cycling stability. Here a high‐energy, ultrahigh‐Ni, and nearly Co‐free cathode with outstanding cycling performance is proposed. This promising cathode is enabled by artificially constructing an “outside‐in” interface structure toward LiNi0.94Co0.05Mn0.01O2 (NCM94) cathodes. Combining theoretical prediction and experimental results, it is revealed that high interfacial stability is achieved by a specific surface chemistry with an outside‐in structure composed of an inner organic layer and an outer inorganic layer. Benefiting from the protection effect of the robust outside layer and the strain relieve function of the inside layer, the intrinsic challenges of interfacial reactions, transition metal (TM) dissolution, and micro‐crack propagation have been mitigated for the Ni‐rich cathode. As a result, the “outside‐in” strategy enables superior cycling stability with a 92.7% retention after 200 cycles and an excellent rate capability of 149.1 mAh g−1 at 10 C, achieved by adding only 0.5% of the production cost. This study unlocks the possibilities of achieving outstanding performance for ultrahigh Ni cathode by spending minimum cost through the facile surface chemistry method.
Ametoctradin + dimethomorph spray frequency affects late blight disease and yield in potato genotypes
Authors: Anoumaa Mariette , Suh Christopher , Kouam Eric Bertrand , Kanmegne Gabriel , Djomo Sime Hervé , Temfack Deloko Carlos Dély , Fonkou Théophile
Published: November 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is hindered by several diseases, the worst being the late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary. This study aimed at determining an appropriate frequency of ametoctradin + dimethomorph ([26.9 + 20.2]%) spray for late blight disease management in potato genotypes. Field experiments were conducted in Bansoa, Cameroon, from August to October in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons The experimental design was a split‐plot design with three replications. Three ametoctradin + dimethomorph spray frequencies (4‐, 7‐, and 10‐day intervals) were tested at the plot level, whereas seven genotypes including Banso, CIPIRA, Desiree, Dosa, Jacob2005, Manate, and Tezelfo were tested at the subplot level. The commonly used fungicide combination, which includes Mancozeb 80% wettable powder supplemented with cymoxanil + chlorotalomil [(30 + 6)%] wettable powder, was sprayed at 3‐day intervals (a total of 18 sprays) and was used as a positive control. Negative control plots were not sprayed. Data were collected on late blight rAUDPC (relative area under the disease progress curve) and yield components. Results showed all fungicide spray frequencies reduced rAUDPC and consequently increased potato yield. The most economically efficient spray frequency was the 7‐day interval with a total of nine sprays, which resulted in an increased net return of $9738 ha−1 with 9.6% profitability against the commonly used fungicide mix. The total number of fungicide sprays could be reduced to six for genotypes Banso and CIPIRA, which showed lower rAUDPC. The mean yield loss associated with unsprayed plots was 93.2%.
Biodegradable Oxygen‐Generating Microneedle Patches for Regenerative Medicine Applications
Authors: Barnum Lindsay , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Suhail Yasir , Toro Steven , Novin Ashkan , Ghelich Pejman , Quint Jacob , Saeedinejad Farnooosh , Komma Manu , Kshitiz  , Tamayol Ali
Published: November 2024

Upon injury, regenerating skin is metabolically active and requires oxygen for physiological processes related to wound healing. Such processes can be halted in hypoxic conditions common in chronic wounds. Microneedle arrays (MNAs) have been demonstrated to improve therapeutic delivery and wound healing. Recently, few studies have explored the use of oxygen‐releasing MNAs; however, they involve complex manufacturing and handling and fail to eliminate cytotoxic byproducts. To address these challenges, biodegradable and mechanically robust gelatin methacryloyl‐based MNAs are developed that can penetrate the tissue and release oxygen upon exposure to interstitial fluid and wound exudates. The oxygen release rate and biocompatibility of the developed MNAs with different compositions are evaluated and optimized. Interestingly, in vitro studies demonstrate that the optimized compositions can release oxygen at therapeutic levels and significantly increase viability of chronically hypoxic cells to match that of normoxic cells. In vivo studies further confirm that the optimized oxygen‐generating MNAs do not cause any harm or impair healing in a murine model of acute skin injury. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis reveals upregulation of key pathways related to fibroblast motility, lipid metabolism, and a marked reduction in inflammatory signaling, all of which contribute to improved wound healing. The developed strategy can introduce new opportunities in elimination of hypoxia and therefore treatment of chronic wounds.
Molecular Trapdoor in HEU Zeolite Enables Inverse CO2‐C2H2 Separation
Authors: Jia Jizhen , Yan Nana , Lian Xin , Liu Shanshan , Yue Bin , Chai Yuchao , Wu Guangjun , Xu Jian , Li Landong
Published: November 2024

The adsorptive separation of molecules with very similar physical properties is always a challenging task. Reported herein is the design and tailoring of zeolite adsorbent for the precise discrimination and separation of CO2‐C2H2 mixture through the pronounced trapdoor effect. Typically, Sr exchanged K‐type clinoptilolite, namely Sr/K‐HEU, is developed as a robust zeolite adsorbent for inverse CO2‐C2H2 separation, showing the‐state‐of‐the‐art dynamic CO2/C2H2 selectivity of 48.0 and sustainable CO2 dynamic uptake of 0.96 mmol/g at the same time. The perfect recyclability and the intrinsic low‐cost nature of Sr/K‐HEU make it a promising candidate for practical applications. Three‐dimensional electron diffraction determines the precise structure of Sr/K‐HEU and density functional theory calculations reveal the intricate interplay between guest molecules and the gate‐keeping extraframework cations. Briefly, extraframework Sr2+ cations from the ten‐membered rings of HEU zeolites act as the molecular trapdoor, allowing the entry of CO2 molecules while excluding C2H2. This work presents a new example of molecular trapdoor in zeolite and its successful application in the challenging inverse CO2‐C2H2 separation, which not only expands the scope of molecular trapdoor concept but also improves current understanding on the nature of molecular trapdoor.
Molecular‐level Modulation of N, S‐Co‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanospheres for Selective Aqueous Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Zhang Liangliang , Tan Zhengwen , Sun Wenyue , Zhang Ling , Qiao Zhen‐An
Published: November 2024

Selective oxidation of aromatic alkanes into high value‐added products through benzylic C−H bond activation is one of the main reactions in chemical industry. On account of the constantly increasing demand for mass production, efficient, eco‐friendly and sustainable catalysts are urgently needed. Herein, we describe a facile and versatile emulsion‐assisted interface self‐assembly strategy towards molecular‐level fabrication of co‐doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres with controllable active N and S species. The method enables a high degree of control over nanoparticle sizes, mesoporous nanostructures, contents of heteroatoms and the chemical composition. The optimized catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance of 97 % ethylbenzene conversion and 98 % selectivity to acetophenone. Density functional theory simulations reveal that N, S‐co‐doping leads to the redistribution of charge and spin densities, introducing more active carbon atoms and realizing aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene efficiently. This work presents a general strategy for molecular‐level design of carbon‐based catalysts, and also provides new insight into the influence of heteroatom‐doping on catalytic properties.
Cognitive Diversity for Creativity and Inclusive Growth
Authors: Thuo Martin , Jeffries‐EL Malika , Holly James , Martin Andrew , Blair Peter Q.
Published: November 2024

Cognitively diverse teams outperform high intelligence (IQ) teams in problem solving, while businesses with at least one woman in their board of directors financially outperform ones with all men boards. These well‐known facts are lost in most academic science enterprises. Herein, we make the case for looking at sources, approaches, and opportunities in expanding cognitive diversity of research teams for high productivity and efficiency.
Manipulating Aggregate Electrochemistry for High‐Performance Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Xiang Zhipeng , Ren Tianlu , Huang Mingbao , Li Wenjin , Wang Liwen , Wan Kai , Fu Zhiyong , Liang Zhenxing
Published: November 2024

Organic molecule in solutions is the energy storage unit in the organic redox flow batteries (ORFBs), of which the aggregation is acknowledged pivotal but has been rarely investigated. By establishing a pyridinium library, the manipulation over the aggregation in solutions is investigated at the molecular level. Both theoretical calculations and physiochemical methods are used to characterize the aggregate's structure, and salient findings are as follows. First, the singly‐reduced monoradicals simultaneously aggregate in a concentrated solution, which is driven by the solvation effect, orbital overlap and dispersion interaction. Second, the aggregation can be manipulated by the molecular engineering strategy and counteracted by introducing either electrostatic repulsive force or twisted geometry. Third, the monoradical's aggregation yields a decrease in the molecular singly occupied molecular orbital energy level and a linear scaling relationship with its thermodynamic potential. As a result, the increase in the concentration lowers the battery's voltage, which counteracts its effort to increase the battery's energy density. The anti‐aggregation is proven effective in breaking the scaling relationship and accordingly, a molecular strategy to manipulate aggregate electrochemistry is developed. This work provides physical insights into the electrolytic solution and chemical strategy for optimizing the flow battery.
Self‐Organized Integrated Electrocatalyst on Oxygen Conversion for Highly Durable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Chang Qian , He Feng , Zhang Zhihui , Fu Xinlong , Wang Yi , Huang Changshui , Li Yuliang
Published: November 2024

Efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key for clean energy applications such as rechargeable metal‐air batteries. Highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts have been the focus of great attention by scientists. Here, an innovative and continuous growth method is established to fabricate integrated Janus structure Co3O4/CoNGDY catalyst, which can work for bifunctional oxygen catalytic conversion, achieving highly durable zinc‐air batteries. Embedded in the hydrangea‐shaped N‐doped graphdiyne (NGDY), the Co3O4/CoNGDY is self‐organized by CoNGDY at the NGDY contact sites and Co3O4 at the upper part, in which Co3O4 works as OER catalyst and CoNGDY acts as ORR catalyst. Due to the incomplete charge transfer within integrated structure, NGDY reduces the d‐band center of the Co sites, so the adsorption strength of intermediates is balanced, and the catalytic activity for ORR/OER is increased. The Co3O4/CoNGDY can serve as an efficient air electrode of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries. The rechargeable Co3O4/CoNGDY‐based aqueous zinc‐air batteries demonstrate excellent performance with a high specific capacity of 746.8 mAh g−1 and an extremely long lifetime of more than 5000 hours. The recoverable modularized cylindrical Co3O4/CoNGDY‐based solid‐state zinc‐air batteries with a power density of up to 167.6 mW cm−2 can be achieved.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Cyclopiane Family of Diterpenoid Natural Products
Authors: Wang Tao , Zou Jiasheng , Wang Kaibiao , Liu Yuanning , Zhang Shouqi , Kong Yao , Xu Zhengren
Published: November 2024

A three‐stage chemoenzymatic synthesis of the cyclopiane family and related diterpenes is reported. Deoxyconidiogenol with a 6/5/5/5‐fused tetracyclic cyclopiane skeleton was first produced by an engineered E. coli host harboring the corresponding terpene cyclase PchDS. Ten cyclopiane diterpenes were synthesized by late‐stage functionalization of rings A, B and D of the cyclopiane skeleton through direct redox operations, directed C−H activation, and enzymatic hydroxylation, respectively. Skeletal diversification was achieved by taking advantage of the selective 1,2‐alkyl migration of a cyclopiane cation generated chemically or enzymatically. Three cyclopiane‐related skeletons, including the spiro 5/5/5/5‐tetracyclic skeleton of spiroviolene, the angular 5/6/5/5‐fused ring system of phomopsene, and the new linear 5/6/5/5‐fused tetracyclic ring system of amycolatene, were produced either by chemical skeletal transformation from the cyclopiane skeleton, or by terpene cyclases discovered by genome mining.
General and Fast Gas–Solid Synthesis of Functional MXenes and Derivatives on the Scale of Tens of Grams
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Sen , Zhao Guoqiang , Shen Maoqiang , Gao Xinyue , Zhao Yanhao , Liu Xuesen , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: November 2024

The rising of MXenes not only enriches the two‐dimensional material family but also brings more opportunities for diverse functional applications. However, the controllable synthesis of MXenes is still unsatisfied via the common liquid‐solid etching route, considering the unsolved problems like safety risk, time cost and easy oxidation. Herein, a facile yet efficient gas‐solid (G‐S) reaction methodology is devised by using hydrogen fluoride gas derived from fluorinated organics as the MAX etchant toward high‐efficiency fabrication of multiple MXenes and their derivatives. The innovative G‐S reaction strategy exhibits superb versatility to achieve different gram‐level MXenes (V2C, Ti3C2, Nb2C, Ti2N, Ti3CN, (Mo2/3Y1/3)2C) in a very short time, and even realizes in situ heteroatom doping or synchronous phase conversion of MXenes directly from MAX phases. The obtained MXenes and their derivatives exhibit excellent structure stability and high electron/ion conductivity, making them promising materials for electrochemical applications. In particular, the N‐doped V2C MXene shows superior adsorption and catalytic activity toward lithium polysulfides for advanced lithium sulfur batteries.
Thiosulfate‐Mediated Polysulfide Redox for Energetic Aqueous Battery
Authors: Feng Yutong , Yu Xiaoyu , Wang Boya , Zhang Tengsheng , Zhou Wanhai , Wang Yifeng , Li Xinran , Zhao Jian , Zhao Jingwen , Li Wei , Ma Chenyan , Zhao Dongyuan , Chao Dongliang
Published: November 2024

Sulfur‐based aqueous batteries (SABs) are regarded as promising candidates for safe, low‐cost, and high‐energy storage. However, the sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides pose a significant challenge to the practical performance of SABs. Herein, we report a unique redox regulation strategy that leverages thiosulfate‐mediated ligand‐chain interaction to accelerate the polysulfide redox process (S0/S2−). The S2O32− species in the electrolyte can induce the rapid reduction of polysulfide through a spontaneous chemical reaction with sulfur species, while facilitating the reversible oxidation of short‐chain sulfides. Moreover, the thiosulfate redox pair (S2O32−/S4O62−) within the K2S2O3 electrolyte contributes additional capacity at higher potential (E0 >0 V vs SHE). Consequently, the elaborate SAB delivers an unprecedented K+ storage capacity of 2470 mAh gs−1, coupled with a long cycling life exceeding 1000 cycles. Remarkably, thiosulfate‐mediated SAB achieves an energy density of 616 Wh kgS+Zn−1, surpassing both organic K–S batteries and conventional aqueous battery systems. This work elucidates the mechanism underlying the thiosulfate‐mediated polysulfide redox process, thereby opening a pathway for the development of high‐energy aqueous batteries.
Visible Light‐Mediated [4+2] Annulation of Silylimines with Olefins to 1‐Aminotetralins Enabled by Diradical Hydrogen Atom Transfer of C−H Bonds
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Yao , Zhou Xiang , Fernández Israel , Xiong Yang
Published: November 2024

A facile photochemical, one‐pot synthesis of highly functionalized 1‐aminotetralins derivatives (>70 examples) from readily accessible o‐alkyl and o‐formyl aryl silylimines with olefins is described. A diradical‐mediated hydrogen atom transfer (DHAT) of primary, secondary, and tertiary C(sp3)−H bonds of o‐alkyl arylsilylimines and C(sp2)−H bonds of o‐formyl arylsilylimines enabled a [4+2] annulation with olefins in excellent diastereoselectivity. This was accomplished upon irradiation at λ = 420 nm in the presence of thioxanthen‐9‐one (10 mol %) as the sensitizer via energy transfer. Moreover, sulfur‐substituted o‐alkyl silylimines can undergo such photochemical process in the absence of an external photosensitizer. This effective protocol is compatible with a variety of functional groups and can be applied to the modification of bioactive molecules. Based on mechanistic evidences and computational studies, it is suggested that the silyl substituent enables an efficient energy transfer leading to the formation of a key C,N‐diradical and subsequent [4+2]‐cyclization was supported by a better molecular orbital matching between the HSOMO of the 1,4‐diradical intermediate and the LUMO of the olefins. Thus, upon irradiation, the excited silylimine unlocks a carbon‐to‐nitrogen DHAT and subsequent [4+2] cyclization that allows the divergent functionalization of benzylic C(sp3)−H bonds and C(sp2)−H bonds.
Repulsive Vector Couplings and Massive Strange Stars
Authors: Köpp Fábio , Horvath Jorge , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A.
Published: November 2024

We describe in this work the hypothetical nuclear matter QCD phase composed of up, down and strange quarks, introducing repulsive vector interactions, which yield an enhanced MIT bag model (vMIT). Repulsive interactions seem a crucial ingredient to describe stable (and massive hybrid) compact star configurations, to comply with recent observations of pulsars with masses above . The motivation of our study, based on a known and widespread theoretical approach, is to review some of its foundations in view of recent observational advances on pulsar properties with a higher precision measurements. We address in this contribution the stability of compact stars with vector interactions, highlighting also the role of the bag constant and its impact on the stellar incompressibility. Therefore we reassess the proposal formulated by Bodmer, Terazawa, Witten, Farhi, and Jaffe, which suggests that strange quark matter may actually be more stable than ordinary hadronic matter. On this line of investigation, we analyze the dimensionless tidal deformability constraints of the intriguing central compact object (CCO) within the supernova remnant HESS J1731‐347 and the GW170817 event as strange matter candidates.
The Art of Chilling Out: How Neurons Regulate Torpor
Authors: Ohba Akinobu , Yamaguchi Hiroshi
Published: November 2024

Endothermic animals expend significant energy to maintain high body temperatures, which offers adaptability to varying environmental conditions. However, this high metabolic rate requires increased food intake. In conditions of low environmental temperature and scarce food resources, some endothermic animals enter a hypometabolic state known as torpor to conserve energy. Torpor involves a marked reduction in body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and locomotor activity, enabling energy conservation. Despite their biological significance and potential medical applications, the neuronal mechanisms regulating torpor still need to be fully understood. Recent studies have focused on fasting‐induced daily torpor in mice due to their suitability for advanced neuroscientific techniques. In this review, we highlight recent advances that extend our understanding of neuronal mechanisms regulating torpor. We also discuss unresolved issues in this research field and future directions.
Queuosine tRNA Modification: Connecting the Microbiome to the Translatome
Authors: Rashad Sherif
Published: November 2024

Transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications play an important role in regulating mRNA translation at the codon level. tRNA modifications can influence codon selection and optimality, thus shifting translation toward specific sets of mRNAs in a dynamic manner. Queuosine (Q) is a tRNA modification occurring at the wobble position. In eukaryotes, queuosine is synthesized by the tRNA‐guanine trans‐glycosylase (TGT) complex, which incorporates the nucleobase queuine (or Qbase) into guanine of the GUN anticodons. Queuine is sourced from gut bacteria and dietary intake. Q was recently shown to be critical for cellular responses to oxidative and mitochondrial stresses, as well as its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases and brain health. These unique features of Q provide an interesting insight into the regulation of mRNA translation by gut bacteria, and the potential health implications. In this review, Q biology is examined in the light of recent literature and nearly 4 decades of research. Q's role in neuropsychiatric diseases and cancer is highlighted and discussed. Given the recent interest in Q, and the new findings, more research is needed to fully comprehend its biological function and disease relevance, especially in neurobiology.
Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin‐Like Modifications in Organelle Stress Signaling: Ub, Ub, Ub, Ub, Stayin’ Alive, Stayin’ Alive
Authors: Lafont Elodie , Chevet Eric
Published: November 2024

Due to various intracellular and external cues, cellular organelles are frequently stressed in both physiological and pathological conditions. Sensing these stresses initiates various signaling pathways which may lead to adaptation of the stressed cells or trigger its their death. At the unicellular level, this stress signaling involves a crosstalk between different organelles. At the multicellular level, such pathways can contribute to indicate the presence of a stressed cell to its neighboring cells. Here, we highlight the crucial and diverse roles played by Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin‐like modification in organelle stress signaling.
Dose‐dependent effects of anthocyanin‐rich extracts on obesity‐induced inflammation and gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Vannuchi Nicholas , Jamar Giovana , de Rosso Veridiana Vera , Pisani Luciana Pellegrini
Published: November 2024

Obesity and its associated inflammatory state pose a significant health burden. Anthocyanins, bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables, have garnered interest in their potential to attenuate these conditions. Understanding the dose‐dependent response of anthocyanins is essential for optimizing their therapeutic potential in preventing and managing obesity. This comprehensive review explores the current knowledge on the dose‐dependent effects of anthocyanins on obesity in both human and animal models, analyzing the structure and mechanism of absorption of these compounds. The article also highlights the diverse mechanisms underlying anthocyanin action, the symbiosis between anthocyanins and gut microbiota impacting metabolite production, influencing diverse health outcomes, modulating cytokines, and activating anti‐inflammatory pathways. Additionally, their impact on energy metabolism and lipid regulation is discussed, highlighting potential contributions to weight management through AMPK and PPARγ pathways. Despite promising results, dose‐dependent effects are fundamental considerations, with some studies indicating less favorable outcomes at higher doses. Future research should focus on optimizing dosages, accounting for individual responses, and translating findings into effective clinical applications for obesity management.
‘I'm a tough cookie’: An IPA study of the experience of burnout in trainee counselling psychologists
Authors: Archer Angelina
Published: November 2024

Objective

Counselling psychology training consists of several professional, academic and personal demands. Poor management of these demands could lead to trainees experiencing burnout and potentially dropping out from training. The existing literature primarily focuses on the stressors of counselling psychology training or the effects of burnout in general, but the research is sparse on burnout being a potentially useful learning experience for trainees. The aim of this paper was to present the experiences of eight third‐year trainee counselling psychologists, with a specific focus on how burnout influenced their development as they approached the end of their training. This paper was written from a larger doctoral research thesis.

Method

In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Results and Conclusions

Four themes emerged from the analysis: A perfect storm: The demands of counselling psychology training, Treading on shaky foundations, Ripple effect of the training and Rebuilding from the ashes: Learning from burnout. The overall findings suggested burnout was characterised as perseverance through unaddressed difficulties, shame and significant personal upheaval from the training process. However, most trainees learned from their experience of burnout and reported developing greater resilience and self‐awareness. Recommendations and areas for future research are also discussed in this paper.
Spigelian Hernia Unveiled: A Case Report of Unexpectedly Extended Hernial Sac and Successful Surgical Intervention
Authors: Mansour Marah , Saiouf Yaman , Gharib Karim , Deeb Dani , Almokdad Mohammad Yaman
Published: November 2024

Spigelian hernia is a rare type of abdominal hernia; diagnosis is primarily through computed tomography, which is crucial for accurate diagnosis and planning early surgical intervention to preserve the herniated sac's contents.
α‐D Nucleoside Based Self‐Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels Derived from the α‐D Anomers of 2’‐Deoxyguanosine and Fluorescent 8‐Azapurine 2’‐Deoxyribofuranosides
Authors: Deshmukh Sushma , Budow‐Busse Simone , Kondhare Dasharath , Schäfer Andreas H. , Leonard Peter , Seela Frank
Published: November 2024

Self‐assembly of α‐D nucleosides to supramolecular hydrogels is described in detail. Hydrogel formation is studied on α‐D 2’‐deoxyguanosine (α‐dG), and the fluorescent 8‐azapurine α‐D nucleosides 2‐amino‐8‐aza‐2’‐deoxyadenosine (α‐2‐NH2‐z8Ad) and 8‐aza‐2’‐deoxyisoguanosine (α‐z8iGd). These compounds were prepared from α‐D 8‐aza‐2’‐deoxyguanosine by an activation/amination protocol followed by deamination. Protonation and deprotonation pKa values of monomeric nucleosides were determined. Fluorescence measurements displayed the pH‐dependent fluorescence intensity of α‐D 8‐azapurine nucleosides. α‐dG and α‐z8iGd self‐assemble to gels that are selective for K+‐ions. The α‐dG gel is transparent and the α‐z8iGd gel shows fluorescence. α‐2‐NH2‐z8Ad forms fluorescent gels in the presence of alkali metal ions of different size. SEM images expose a large condensed and flat structure for the α‐dG gel, whereas the α‐2‐NH2‐z8Ad gel consists of flakes that are connected to bundles. A porous structure generated by helical cylindric fibers was found for the α‐z8iGd gel. All α‐D hydrogels show long‐term lifetime stability. The α‐z8iGd hydrogel in KCl solution has the highest Tgel value. The minimum gelation concentration of the hydrogels is 0.3‐0.5 mg nucleoside/100 μL alkali ion solution. In periodical step‐strain experiments, the hydrogels of α‐dG, α‐2‐NH2‐z8Ad and α‐z8iGd displayed thixotropy. Based on their self‐healing and shear‐thinning properties the hydrogels are injectable.
Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 Predicts Right Ventricular Reverse Remodeling and Improvement of Concomitant Tricuspid Regurgitation After Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Mitral Valve Repair
Authors: Gröger Matthias , Felbel Dominik , Paukovitsch Michael , Schneider Leonhard Moritz , Markovic Sinisa , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Keßler Mirjam
Published: November 2024

Background

Concomitant right ventricular (RV) failure and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are common comorbidities in patients undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (M‐TEER) and are associated with worse prognosis. Improvement of TR after M‐TEER occurs frequently, however determinants of this course are poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze serum biomarkers that are differentially regulated in patients with TR and to identify biomarkers predictive of the course of TR after M‐TEER.

Methods and Results

Biomarker expression was analyzed in 242 prospectively included patients undergoing M‐TEER. Patients with moderate‐to‐severe TR had significant comorbidities (median EuroSCORE II 5.2 in patients with severe TR, 4.9 in moderate TR, 3.2 in no/mild TR; p = 0.002) and a large number of biomarkers was upregulated including IGFBP‐2 (1.4‐fold in severe TR compared to no/mild TR, p = 0.005). Echocardiographic follow‐up 3 months after M‐TEER was carried out in 99 patients. RV reverse remodeling (RVRR) as defined by improvement of concomitant TR by at least one grade and/or RV diameter downsizing of at least 10% compared to baseline was seen in 50 patients (50.5%). IGFBP‐2 (Odds Ratio 2.078) and presence of chronic pulmonary disease (Odds Ratio 15.341) proved independent predictors of non‐development of RVRR within 3 months after M‐TEER.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing M‐TEER with concomitant moderate or severe TR, numerous cardiometabolic biomarkers including IGFBP‐2 are upregulated. Higher levels of IGFBP‐2 at baseline are independently associated with persistent TR and/or RV dilation after M‐TEER.
Degradation of the Antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole by Ozonation: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Martini Jéssica , Ighalo Joshua O. , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere , Georgin Jordana , Carissimi Elvis
Published: November 2024

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is an antibiotic widely used for the treatment of several diseases, especially respiratory and urinary. Due to its widespread use, its presence in the environment has been on the rise. This study discusses the degradation of the antibiotic SMX through the ozonation process. SMX is preferentially degraded by the direct action of O3 on the molecule, starting by breaking the double bonds in the aromatic ring. Through ozonation it is possible to obtain complete SMX degradation within 10 min, but the mineralization of the solution is not achieved, reaching total organic carbon removal efficiencies of 5%–60%, depending on the reaction time. Factors such as the presence of organic matter (OM) and the pH of the solution interfere with the degradation of SMX. The OM acts as a radical scavenger, decreasing the efficiency of degradation, while the pH interferes with the decomposition of O3 into radicals and the dissolution of the oxidant in the medium, in addition to influencing the state of ionization of the SMX making it more or less prone to reactions. In general, most other remediation processes are carried out on a laboratory scale. To increase the level of these processes to a full scale, more pilot‐scale studies are needed. In addition, it is necessary to focus on the practice of reusing materials, avoiding the generation of secondary pollution, and increasing the useful life of the material. The review also discusses the reaction mechanisms, intermediate compounds formed, mineralization of the solution, and factors that influence the process, which can help in making decisions for future studies to be carried out in the area. Prospects in the research area revolve around using metal–organic frameworks as molecular imprinting technology to modify heterogeneous catalysts, integration of external energy, bimetallic systems, and evaluation of deactivation mechanisms.
New Continual Federated Learning System for Intrusion Detection in SDN‐Based Edge Computing
Authors: Chetouane Ameni , Karoui Kamel
Published: November 2024

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an open network approach that has been proposed to address some of the main problems with traditional networks. However, SDN faces cybersecurity issues. To provide a network defense against attacks, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) needs to be updated and included into the SDN architecture on a regular basis. Machine learning methods have proved effective in detecting intrusions in SDN. Moreover, these techniques pose the problem of significant computational overload and the absence of regular updates when new cyber‐attacks appear. To address these issues, we propose a new SDN‐based cloud intrusion detection system called Continual Federated Learning (CFL). In CFL, we modify the classical federated learning process by granting a more important and dynamic role to each participating client. On the one hand, it can trigger this process whenever a new type of intrusion is detected. On the other hand, once the new model has been identified, the customer can decide whether or not to deploy it in his network. In addition, to verify the accuracy of the CFL system, we have formally specified it by a communication protocol. This specification organizes the exchanges between the different communicating entities involved in the CFL. To verify the accuracy of this specification, we described it using the PROMELA language and checked with the associated SPIN tool. On the experimental side, we deployed this specification of the CFL system in an SDN computing environment. We defined different scenarios, and we proposed that each client decides locally to deploy or not the newly obtained intrusion detection model. The decision is based on a modified metric where we integrate the severity of the intrusions. Experimental results using private local datasets show that the proposed CFL system can efficiently and accurately detect new types of intrusions while preserving client confidentiality. Thus, it can be considered a promising system for SDN‐based edge computing.
A Phase I Trial of the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Cannabidiol and Tacrolimus
Authors: So Gerald C. , Lu Jessica Bo Li , Koyama Sachiko , Cheng Ying‐Hua , Gisch Debora L. , McClara Kelsey , Dexter Paul R. , Sharfuddin Asif A. , Etkins Jumar , Tillman Emma M. , Beamon Travis R. , Cowsert Zachary , Stuart Jennifer S. , Desta Zeruesenay , Eadon Michael T.
Published: November 2024

One in six Americans uses cannabidiol‐based or cannabis‐derived products. Cannabidiol is a substrate of CYP3A, but its role as a potential CYP3A inhibitor remains unclear. We hypothesized that cannabidiol would inhibit CYP3A‐mediated metabolism of tacrolimus. This report is an interim analysis of an open‐label, three‐period, fixed‐sequence, crossover study in healthy participants. Participants first received a single dose of tacrolimus 5 mg orally. After washout, participants later received cannabidiol titrated to 5 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days to reach a steady state, followed by a second single dose of tacrolimus 5 mg orally. Tacrolimus concentrations in whole blood were measured by UHPLC–MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Twelve participants completed all periods of the study. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of tacrolimus increased 4.2‐fold (P < 0.0001) with cannabidiol (40.2 ± 13.5 ng/mL) compared with without cannabidiol (9.85 ± 4.63 ng/mL). The area under the concentration‐vs.‐time curve (AUC0‐∞) increased 3.1‐fold (P < 0.0001). No change in half‐life (t1/2) was observed. This study demonstrates that cannabidiol increases tacrolimus exposure. Our data suggest the need for dose reduction in tacrolimus and frequent therapeutic dose monitoring in transplant patients taking cannabidiol concomitantly. Whether this observed interaction occurred due to the inhibition of CYP3A4 and/or CYP3A5 in the liver, intestine, or both, or intestinal drug transporters (e.g., p‐glycoprotein) during the first‐pass elimination remains to be elucidated.
CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Nucleofection for Genome Editing in Primary Human Keratinocytes: Knockouts, Deletions, and Homology‐Directed Repair Mutagenesis
Authors: Bamundo Martina , Palumbo Sara , D'Auria Ludovica , Missero Caterina , Di Girolamo Daniela
Published: November 2024

Keratinocytes are the most abundant cell type in the human epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. For years, primary human keratinocytes (HKs) have been used as a crucial tool for studying the pathogenesis of a wide range of skin‐related diseases. To mimic the physiological and pathological behavior of human skin, organotypic 3D skin models can be generated by in vitro differentiation of HKs. However, manipulation of HKs is notoriously difficult. Liposome‐mediated gene delivery often results in low transfection rates, and conventional electroporation results in high mortality, is difficult to optimize, and requires high cell numbers without necessarily achieving maximum efficiency. Additionally, HKs have a short lifespan in vitro, with a limited number of cell divisions before senescence, even when cultured on a feeder layer. Therefore, the possibility to use an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system in HKs is not without challenge in terms of transfection technology and clonal selection. In this article, we provide detailed protocols to perform efficient gene knock‐out (KO) or genomic deletion in a small number of HKs without clonal selection of edited cells. By nucleofecting ribonucleoprotein complexes, we efficiently generate KO cells as well as deletion of specific genomic regions. Moreover, we describe an optimized protocol for generating site‐specific mutations in immortalized keratinocytes (N/TERT2G) by exploiting the homology‐directed repair system combined with rapid single‐clone screening. These methods can also be applied to other immortalized cells and tumoral cells of epithelial origin. Together, these protocols provide a comprehensive and powerful tool that can be used to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying different skin diseases. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Knock‐out generation by indel mutation in primary human keratinocytes using nucleofection of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex

Basic Protocol 2: Deletion of specific genomic region using RNPs via nucleofection

Basic Protocol 3: Use of homology‐directed repair system to introduce site‐specific mutations
Mapping the Use of Artificial Intelligence–Based Image Analysis for Clinical Decision‐Making in Dentistry: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chen Wei , Dhawan Monisha , Liu Jonathan , Ing Damie , Mehta Kruti , Tran Daniel , Lawrence Daniel , Ganhewa Max , Cirillo Nicola
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field in dentistry. AI is gradually being integrated into dentistry to improve clinical dental practice. The aims of this scoping review were to investigate the application of AI in image analysis for decision‐making in clinical dentistry and identify trends and research gaps in the current literature.

Material and Methods

This review followed the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). An electronic literature search was performed through PubMed and Scopus. After removing duplicates, a preliminary screening based on titles and abstracts was performed. A full‐text review and analysis were performed according to predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from eligible articles.

Results

Of the 1334 articles returned, 276 met the inclusion criteria (consisting of 601,122 images in total) and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the included studies utilized convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on dental radiographs such as orthopantomograms (OPGs) and intraoral radiographs (bitewings and periapicals). AI was applied across all fields of dentistry ‐ particularly oral medicine, oral surgery, and orthodontics ‐ for direct clinical inference and segmentation. AI‐based image analysis was use in several components of the clinical decision‐making process, including diagnosis, detection or classification, prediction, and management.

Conclusions

A variety of machine learning and deep learning techniques are being used for dental image analysis to assist clinicians in making accurate diagnoses and choosing appropriate interventions in a timely manner.
What Is to Be Expected from Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Pipeline to Circular Economy?
Authors: Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo
Published: November 2024

Modern society requires a change in the philosophy of doing science, which faces the enormous challenge of being compatible with the new sustainability principles. Inorganic chemistry holds the keys to accelerate the transition given that most chemical processes or technology devices rely on the use or integration of inorganic materials. In particular, heterogeneous catalysis has a central role in promoting the transition from a linear economy to a circular one. To accomplish this, it is imperative that the modern schemes for catalysis will adopt a holistic approach based on sensible choice of raw materials, reliance on clean energy inputs and establishment of a robust framework of resource use and recovery. Some of these concepts are analysed here and discussed in Ref. [to a few selected examples.