bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of choroidal thickness with OCT in COVID-19 patients with high D-dimer levels
Authors: Gül Fatih Cem , Timurkaan Esra Suay
Published: October 2022

To evaluate retinal and choroidal thickness with optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect retinal and choroidal pathologies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with high D-dimer levels. Thirty patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and whose D-dimer levels were high during this period, who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinic between 15 and 30 days after discharge, and 30 healthy volunteers with similar age and gender as the control group was included in the study. After full ophthalmological examination, central foveal and choroidal thicknesses were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. Statistical analysis of the study data demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age or gender (p > 0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of central foveal thickness, central choroidal thickness, or nasal 500, nasal 1500, temporal 500, or temporal 500 micron distances (p > 0.05 for all parameters). Choroidal and retinal vascular thicknesses were not affected in the short term in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit.
Reduced neural responses to reward reflect anhedonia and inattention: an ERP study
Authors: Liu Zhengjie , Wang Mengyun , Zhou Xiaojuan , Qin Shubao , Zeng Ziyang , Zhang Zhongming
Published: October 2022

An inhibited neural response to reward is typical of clinical depression and can predict an individual's overall depressive symptoms. However, the mechanism underlying this are unclear. Previous studies have found that anhedonia and inattention may mediate the relationship between reward sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the relationship between reward sensitivity and overall depressive symptoms in a depressive tendency sample as well as to explore the mechanism underlying the ability of neural responses to reward to predict overall depressive symptoms via a mediation model. Sixty-four participants (33 with depressive tendencies and 31 without; dichotomized by BDI-II) finished simple gambling tasks while their event-related potential components (ERPs) were recorded and compared. Linear regression was conducted to verify the predictive effect of ERPs on overall depressive symptoms. A multiple mediator model was used, with anhedonia and distractibility as mediators reward sensitivity and overall depressive symptoms. The amplitude of reward positivity (ΔRewP) was greater in healthy controls compared to those with depressive tendencies (p = 0.006). Both the gain-locked ERP component (b = − 1.183, p = 0.007) and the ΔRewP (b = − 0.991, p = 0.024) could significantly negatively predict overall depressive symptoms even after controlling for all anxiety symptoms. The indirect effects of anhedonia and distractibility were significant (both confidence intervals did not contain 0) while the direct effect of reward sensitivity on depressive symptom was not significant (lower confidence interval = − 0.320, upper confidence interval = 0.065). Individuals with depressive tendencies display impaired neural responses to reward compared to healthy controls and reduced individual neural responses to reward may reflect the different biotypes of depression such as anhedonia and inattention.
Generation and maturation of human iPSC-derived 3D organotypic cardiac microtissues in long-term culture
Authors: Ergir Ece , Oliver-De La Cruz Jorge , Fernandes Soraia , Cassani Marco , Niro Francesco , Pereira-Sousa Daniel , Vrbský Jan , Vinarský Vladimír , Perestrelo Ana Rubina , Debellis Doriana , Vadovičová Natália , Uldrijan Stjepan , Cavalieri Francesca , Pagliari Stefania , Redl Heinz , Ertl Peter , Forte Giancarlo
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide; hence there is an increasing focus on developing physiologically relevant in vitro cardiovascular tissue models suitable for studying personalized medicine and pre-clinical tests. Despite recent advances, models that reproduce both tissue complexity and maturation are still limited. We have established a scaffold-free protocol to generate multicellular, beating human cardiac microtissues in vitro from hiPSCs—namely human organotypic cardiac microtissues (hOCMTs)—that show some degree of self-organization and can be cultured for long term. This is achieved by the differentiation of hiPSC in 2D monolayer culture towards cardiovascular lineage, followed by further aggregation on low-attachment culture dishes in 3D. The generated hOCMTs contain multiple cell types that physiologically compose the heart and beat without external stimuli for more than 100 days. We have shown that 3D hOCMTs display improved cardiac specification, survival and metabolic maturation as compared to standard monolayer cardiac differentiation. We also confirmed the functionality of hOCMTs by their response to cardioactive drugs in long-term culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated that they could be used to study chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Due to showing a tendency for self-organization, cellular heterogeneity, and functionality in our 3D microtissues over extended culture time, we could also confirm these constructs as human cardiac organoids (hCOs). This study could help to develop more physiologically-relevant cardiac tissue models, and represent a powerful platform for future translational research in cardiovascular biology.
Association between iron status and incident coronary artery disease: a population based-cohort study
Authors: Guo Shuren , Mao Xiaohuan , Li Xiaohua , Ouyang Huan
Published: October 2022

Disorders of iron metabolism has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. However, the association of serum iron stores and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains inconsistent. Here, we investigated the associations of serum iron metabolism with the incidence of CAD, the severity of coronary artery stenosis, metabolic biomarkers, and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). A total of 643 CAD patients and 643 healthy controls were enrolled to assess the associations of serum iron status with the presence of CAD, the severity of CAD, and the risk of MACE. Serum iron metabolism and other metabolic markers were measured in all subjects. All statistical analyses were analyzed using SPSS22.0 software and STATA statistical package. Serum level of iron metabolism markers, including serum iron, unsaturated transferrin iron binding capacity (UIBC), Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels, in CAD groups was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.001). UIBC and TIBC were negatively correlated with ferritin in both sexes. Each unit increase of serum iron and TIBC were found to have a protective role for CAD in women (iron: OR 0.794, 95% CI (0.647–0.973), TIBC: OR 0.891, 95% CI (0.795–0.999), P < 0.05). However, high ferritin level was significant associated the CAD incident in both sexes (OR 1.029, 95% CI (1.002–1.058) in men, OR 1.013, 95% CI (1.0–1.025) in women, P < 0.05). Serum iron metabolism markers exhibited no significant association with the severity of CAD. Increased serum level of iron and TIBC levels were found to have a protective role for CAD in women, but not in men. Elevated serum ferritin is independently and positively associated with CAD in men and women.
Antifungal activity and genomic characterization of the biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensis CMRP 4489
Authors: Baptista Julia Pezarini , Teixeira Gustavo Manoel , de Jesus Maria Luiza Abreu , Bertê Rosiana , Higashi Allan , Mosela Mirela , da Silva Daniel Vieira , de Oliveira João Paulo , Sanches Danilo Sipoli , Brancher Jacques Duílio , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel , de Padua Pereira Ulisses , de Oliveira Admilton Gonçalves
Published: October 2022

The development of bio-based products has increased in recent years, and species of theBacillusgenus have been widely used for product development due to their elevated production of antimicrobial molecules and resistance to extreme environmental conditions through endospore formation. In this context, the antifungal potential ofBacillus velezensisCMRP 4489 was investigated using in silico predictions of secondary metabolites in its genome and in vitro tests against the following phytopathogenic fungi:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Macrophomina phaseolina, andBotrytis cinerea. The in-silico predictions indicated that CMRP 4489 possesses several Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) capable of producing molecules with antifungal properties and other non-identified BGCs. The in vitro assay results evidenced strong antifungal activity, inhibiting more than 60% of the tested fungi, and the isolate’s molecules were stable under diverse physicochemical conditions. The in vitro assay evidenced significant antifungal activity, deformation of the hyphal structure in SS, biofilm formation capacity, and swarming motility. In the colonization assay, we observed attachment, colonization, and net-shaped biofilm formation, with the strain transitioning from the seeds to nearby structures. Therefore, CMRP 4489 showed to be a potential biocontrol agent against various diseases with agronomic importance and can be used under adverse environmental conditions.
Research on lung nodule recognition algorithm based on deep feature fusion and MKL-SVM-IPSO
Authors: Li Yang , Zheng Hewei , Huang Xiaoyu , Chang Jiayue , Hou Debiao , Lu Huimin
Published: October 2022

Lung CAD system can provide auxiliary third-party opinions for doctors, improve the accuracy of lung nodule recognition. The selection and fusion of nodule features and the advancement of recognition algorithms are crucial improving lung CAD systems. Based on the HDL model, this paper mainly focuses on the three key algorithms of feature extraction, feature fusion and nodule recognition of lung CAD system. First, CBAM is embedded into VGG16 and VGG19, and feature extraction models AE-VGG16 and AE-VGG19 are constructed, so that the network can pay more attention to the key feature information in nodule description. Then, feature dimensionality reduction based on PCA and feature fusion based on CCA are sequentially performed on the extracted depth features to obtain low-dimensional fusion features. Finally, the fusion features are input into the proposed MKL-SVM-IPSO model based on the improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to speed up the training speed, get the global optimal parameter group. The public dataset LUNA16 was selected for the experiment. The results show that the accuracy of lung nodule recognition of the proposed lung CAD system can reach 99.56%, and the sensitivity and F1-score can reach 99.3% and 0.9965, respectively, which can reduce the possibility of false detection and missed detection of nodules.
Spatial assortment of soil organisms supports the size-plasticity hypothesis
Authors: Isabwe Alain , Yao Haifeng , Zhang Shixiu , Jiang Yuji , Breed Martin F , Sun Xin
Published: October 2022

The size-plasticity hypothesis posits that larger size organisms are less plastic in their metabolic rates and, therefore, are more strongly environmental-filtered than smaller organisms. Many studies have supported this hypothesis by evaluating the relative roles of environmental filtration and dispersal for different taxonomic groups of soil organisms. Most observations are made at large spatial scales, which are assumed to have a wide array of varying habitats. However, since urbanization causes habitat fragmentation at smaller regional scales, testing the size-plasticity hypothesis at this scale would help better understand the spatial assortment of urban soil organisms which, in turn, would help to develop improved management and conservation strategies for urban soil health. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding on five groups of soil biota (bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes, and invertebrates) to assess the relative importance of dispersal and environmental filters to examine the size-plasticity hypothesis at this spatial scale in an urban environment. We observed strong distance-decay of community similarities associated with higher levels of stochastic changes in bacteria, nematode, and protist communities but not fungal or invertebrate communities. Bacterial communities occupied the widest niche followed by protists and nematodes, potentially because of their higher dispersal abilities compared to the larger soil organisms. Null deviation of communities varied with taxonomic groups where bacteria and nematodes were mainly driven by homogenizing dispersal, protists and fungi by drift, and soil invertebrates by environmental selection. We further identified a small percentage of locally-adapted taxa (2.1%) that could be focal taxa for conservation and restoration efforts by, for example, restoring their habitats and enhancing their regional connectivity. These results support the size-plasticity hypothesis at the relatively unexplored regional scale in an urbanization context, and provide new information for improving urban soil health and sustainable city models.
Single-detector 3D optoacoustic tomography via coded spatial acoustic modulation
Authors: Hahamovich Evgeny , Monin Sagi , Levi Ahiad , Hazan Yoav , Rosenthal Amir
Published: October 2022

Optoacoustic tomography (OAT) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines optical excitation with ultrasound detection and enables high-resolution visualization of optical contrasts at tissue depths in which light is completely diffused. Despite its promise in numerous research and clinical applications, OAT is limited by the technological immaturity of ultrasound detection systems. It suffers from limited element count, narrow field of view and lack of technology for spatial modulation of acoustic signals. Here we report single-detector OAT capable of high-fidelity imaging using an amplitude mask in planar geometry coded with cyclic patterns for structured spatial acoustic modulation. Our image reconstruction method maximises sensitivity, is compatible with planar signal detection, and uses only linear operations, thus avoiding artefacts associated with the nonlinear compressed-sensing inversion. We demonstrate our method for 3D OAT of complex objects and living tissue performed with only a single ultrasound detector, effectively coded into a 2D array with 1763 elements. Our method paves the way for a new generation of high-fidelity, low-cost OAT systems.
Introduction
Authors: Lee Drake B. , MacDonald Brandi L. , Shannon, Jr. Robert F.
Published: October 2022

This chapter begins with a brief introduction to portable X-ray fluorescence and what distinguishes it from its related laboratory instrumentation. This chapter also covers a short history of its development.
Qualitative Analysis Using pXRF
Authors: Drake B. Lee , MacDonald Brandi L. , Lee Wen Yuan
Published: October 2022

This chapter overviews aspects of qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis by XRF from the perspective of paintings and pigment analysis. We review concepts of peak identification, measurement optimizations, data normalizations, and the advantages and limitations of using XRF for the analysis of compositionally heterogenous materials.
Regulatory Applications of XRF for Elemental Analysis – Rapid Screening and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of Toxic and Nutrient Elements in Consumer Products
Authors: Palmer Peter T.
Published: October 2022

The scope of this chapter is regulatory applications of XRF, with specific focus on rapid screening methods to identify toxic elements in supplements and cosmetics and accurate quantitative methods for the determination of toxic and nutrient elements in various consumer products. It includes information on different types of handheld and portable XRF analyzers, considerations for the safe use of these radiation-emitting devices, and recommendations to minimize potential exposure to products containing toxic substances. A major focus is on describing best practices on the use of XRF in regulatory settings, and providing numerous examples of the use of XRF for both screening and quantitative analysis applications within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
X-ray Fluorescence Applications in Agriculture
Authors: Towett Erick K. , Drake B. Lee , Keith Shepherd D.
Published: October 2022

Advancements in X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy over the past decade have transformed the technique from laboratory based standalone units to highly portable and lightweight portable XRF (pXRF) spectrometers. While pXRF spectrometers can greatly increase access to technology and simplify data collection, appropriate selection of analysis conditions and interpretation of the data generated still require a detailed understanding of the principles of X-ray spectrometry. Often, pXRF instruments are sold and used as rapid “point and shoot” solutions for materials analysis problems to users with little training in X-ray physics and spectrometry, and the identification of instrument artifacts. These pXRF spectrometers have applications in agricultural fields providing the opportunity to study many of the materials encountered in the field with greater flexibility than ever before. This chapter is meant to be a guide that presents and addresses current problems in soils and agro-input analyses using pXRF, with particular emphasis on how World Agroforestry (ICRAF) uses these systems for agricultural applications, the challenges confronted when characterizing these materials and the methodologies used to overcome some of the issues, and discussions on the issues that cannot currently be resolved using this technique alone.
Quantitative Analysis of Archaeological and Historical Brasses Using Handheld X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Rizzuto B. C.
Published: October 2022

This chapter serves as a guide toward developing methodologies for the elemental quantification of archaeological and historical brasses using handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (hhXRF). hhXRF analyses of these objects can contribute to a broad array of research aims centered on questions of an archaeological, historical, or object-centered nature. Although the material idiosyncrasies of archaeological and historical brasses present obstacles to their analysis using hhXRF, quantitative elemental compositions can be derived from these objects under certain conditions and when careful attention is paid to analysis methodology. As such, this chapter reviews contemporary approaches to the quantification of these objects using hhXRF, the limitations that archaeological and historical brasses place on hhXRF analyses, and strategies for mitigating these issues in the pursuit of accurate and reproducible quantitative results. To emphasize the relevance of hhXRF data obtained from archaeological and historical brasses, the compositions, material properties, and historical production of these alloys are also reviewed. The chapter concludes with a case study demonstrating the application of these concepts to the quantitative analysis of brass tinkling cones from the historical site of Fort Albany, located on the shore of Hudson's Bay in Northern Ontario, Canada.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Active Packaging Applications
Authors: Wojciechowska P.
Published: October 2022

Organic–inorganic hybrids are materials consisting of two or more components combined at the molecular or nanometre level. They exhibit desirable properties of organic polymers such as toughness, elasticity and formability and the features of inorganic constituents such as hardness, strength and chemical resistance. Thus, organic–inorganic hybrids show superior parameters in comparison with those revealed by their unmodified counterparts. Depending on the synthetic strategy, the properties of hybrids can be tailored resulting in multifunctional materials suitable for several applications. Antimicrobial packaging is among the most promising ones. Active packaging materials delay microbial spoilage of packed products, maintain their quality and extend the shelf life. Moreover, they increase the safety of the consumer due to their preservative potential against food-borne pathogens. A combination of organic–inorganic hybrids with active agents results in functional materials exhibiting desirable mechanical and barrier properties, as well as showing antimicrobial activity.
Quantitative assessment of intracellular/extracellular dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations during freezing with low-temperature confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy
Authors: Zhan Taijie , Niu Wenya , Cui Mengdong , Han Hengxin , Wang Ding , Xu Yi
Published: October 2022

A Raman quantitative evaluation method was established to obtain the concentration of intracellular and extracellular cryoprotectants in different freezing processes and analyze the osmotic behavior characteristics of cells at low temperatures.
Rapid GSH detection and versatile peptide/protein labelling to track cell penetration using coumarin-based probes
Authors: Xue Li , Yu Dehao , Sun Jing , Guan Liangyu , Xie Chengzhi , Wang Luo , Jia Yuanyuan , Tian Junyu , Fan Heli , Sun Huabing
Published: October 2022

Fluorogenic probes, reacting quantitatively and quickly with GSH monitor GSH in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, fluorescently labelling peptides or proteins using the probes affords powerful tools to investigate their cell penetrating ability.
Identification of agricultural quarantine materials in passenger's luggage using ion mobility spectroscopy combined with a convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Jixiong , Xia Jingjing , Zhang Qingjun , Yang Nei , Li Guangqin , Zhang Fusuo
Published: October 2022

A new method for identification of AQMs in passenger's luggage using IMS combined with CNN.
Cyclodextrin metal–organic framework-based protein biocomposites
Authors: Di Palma Giuseppe , Geels Shannon , Carpenter Brooke P. , Talosig Rain A. , Chen Charles , Marangoni Francesco , Patterson Joseph P.
Published: October 2022

We developed a method to encapsulate active enzymes and immunoproteins inside cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks.
A cationic fcu-lanthanide MOF enhances the uptake of iodine vapour at room temperature
Authors: Zwanziger Clara , do Pim Walace D. , Kitos Alexandros A. , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Pallister Peter J. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: October 2022

The cationization of a RE fcu MOF using the asymmetric ligand exchange (ALE) methodology was found to be beneficial for boosting iodine vapor uptake, a proof-of-concept for the confinement of polarizable and anionic species in the pores of the MOF.
Nitrile formation via dichlorocarbene insertion into the Si–N bond of Ln(iii) bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complexes
Authors: Li Yangjuan , Gong Yu
Published: October 2022

Reactions of bis(trimethylsilyl)amino lanthanides and chloroform unprecedently generate the Me3SiCN complexes where the nitrile ligand is formed via insertion of dichlorocarbene into the Si–N bond of the lanthanide precursor.
A water-soluble sensor for distinguishing D2O from H2O by dual-channel absorption/fluorescence ratiometry
Authors: Zheng Fei , Luo Yanju , Li Chenghui , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun , Hou Xiandeng
Published: October 2022

A novel D2O optical sensor Cy with integrated great water-solubility, absorption/fluorescence dual-channel ratiometric response and even red-green-blue visual sensing application.
Oridonin acts as a novel senolytic by targeting glutathione S-transferases to activate the ROS-p38 signaling axis in senescent cells
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Qianyu , Chu Zheng , Chen Lin , Chen Jiayun , Yang Yang , Tang Huan , Cheng Guangqing , Ma Ang , Zhang Ying , Wang Chen , Gao Peng , Xia Fei , Guo Qiuyan , Shi Qiaoli , Han Guang , Wang Jigang , Zhu Yinhua
Published: October 2022

We have identified oridonin as a novel senolytic and revealed the mechanism of oridonin by covalently inhibiting a class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) to increase the ROS level, and activate p38 to induce apoptosis in senescent cells.
Spontaneous formation of barium sulfate crystals at liquid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Ghaheri Nazanin , Austen Benjamin J. J. , Herzog Grégoire , Ogden Mark I. , Jones Franca , Arrigan Damien W. M.
Published: October 2022

Interfacial ion transfer from organic phase to aqueous phase is employed as the basis for formation of barium sulfate crystals close to the interface.
An overview of boosting lanthanide upconversion luminescence through chemical methods and physical strategies
Authors: Fu Huhui , Hu Changhe , Liu Jie , Zhang Qi , Xu J. Y. , Jiang G. J. , Liu M.
Published: October 2022

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles have attracted extensive research interest due to their promising applications in various fields.
Theoretically evaluating two-dimensional tetragonal Si2Se2 and SiSe2 nanosheets as anode materials for alkali metal-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Wu Hao , Liu Zhixiao , Pan Min , Huang Zheng , Pan Liu , Han Lei , Zhang Kun , Zhao Yong , Deng Huiqiu
Published: October 2022

In this work, based on first-principles calculations, we theoretically predict two kinds of two-dimensional tetragonal Si–Se compounds, Si2Se2 and SiSe2, as the anode materials for alkali metal-ion batteries.
Ultrafast charge transfer in a nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cell: a nonadiabatic dynamics simulation with optimally tuned range-separated functional
Authors: Mao Dan , Chen Xin-Rui , Li Dong-Heng , Liu Xiang-Yang , Cui Ganglong , Li Laicai
Published: October 2022

The combination of nonadiabatic dynamics simulation and optimally tuned range-separated functional might be a powerful tool for elucidating the ultrafast charge transfer in nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells.
The many forms of alpha-methoxy phenylacetic acid in the gas phase: flexibility, internal dynamics, and their intramolecular interactions
Authors: Singh Himanshi , Pinacho Pablo , Obenchain Daniel A. , Quesada-Moreno María Mar , Schnell Melanie
Published: October 2022

Five conformers of the flexible molecule alpha-methoxy phenylacetic acid were identified using rotational spectroscopy. The conformational landscape, internal dynamics, and intramolecular interactions were investigated.
Capturing the potential energy landscape of large size molecular clusters from atomic interactions up to a 4-body system using deep learning
Authors: Jindal Shweta , Hsu Po-Jen , Phan Huu Trong , Tsou Pei-Kang , Kuo Jer-Lai
Published: October 2022

We propose a new method that utilizes the database of stable conformers and borrow the fragmentation concept of many-body-expansion (MBE) methods in ab initio methods to train a deep-learning machine learning (ML) model using SchNet.
State-of-the-art self-luminescence: a win–win situation
Authors: Yang Mingwang , Zeng Ziling , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Fan Jiangli , Pu Kanyi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: October 2022

The working principles, luminescent mechanisms, versatile integrated approaches and advantages, and future perspectives of AIE-assisted “enhanced” self-luminescence systems are reviewed.
Functional nucleic acid biosensors utilizing rolling circle amplification
Authors: Bialy Roger M. , Mainguy Alexa , Li Yingfu , Brennan John D.
Published: October 2022

Functional nucleic acids regulate rolling circle amplification to produce multiple detection outputs suitable for the development of point-of-care diagnostic devices.
Real-time regeneration of a working zeolite monitored via operando X-ray diffraction and crystallographic imaging: how coke flees the MFI framework
Authors: Kalantzopoulos Georgios N. , Rojo Gama Daniel , Pappas Dimitrios K. , Dovgaliuk Iurii , Olsbye Unni , Beato Pablo , Lundegaard Lars F. , Wragg David S. , Svelle Stian
Published: October 2022

X-ray diffraction is used to investigate regeneration of an H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst used in the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons.
Partitioning of reactive oxygen species from indoor surfaces to indoor aerosols
Authors: Morrison Glenn C. , Eftekhari Azin , Lakey Pascale S. J. , Shiraiwa Manabu , Cummings Bryan E. , Waring Michael S. , Williams Brent
Published: October 2022

Ozone chemistry taking place on indoor surfaces is predicted to increase inhalation exposure of reactive oxygen species in indoor aerosols.
Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in water: a promising on-site strategy for water remediation
Authors: Chu Wenhai , Wang Wuming , Deng Yang , Peng Cheng
Published: October 2022

The history of photocatalysis of hydrogen peroxide in water is reviewed, and methodologies for developing high-performance photocatalysts are developed.
|Therapeutic and preventive effects of apigenin in cerebral ischemia: a review
Authors: Wang Xu , Li Jinjian , Zhao Dexi , Li Jinhua
Published: October 2022

APG can exert various protective effects against cerebral ischemia. Moreover, APG has shown a highly promising ability to prevent cerebral ischemia in terms of regulating blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids and gut microbes.
Co-encapsulation of quercetin and resveratrol in zein/carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles: characterization, stability and in vitro digestion
Authors: Yang Zhongyu , McClements David Julian , Peng Xinwen , Qiu Chao , Long Jie , Zhao Jianwei , Xu Zhenlin , Meng Man , Chen Long , Jin Zhengyu
Published: October 2022

Formation and investigation of zein/carboxymethyl cellulose composite nanoparticles to co-deliver quercetin and resveratrol.
Highly efficient and stable photocatalytic CO2 and H2O reduction into methanol at lower temperatures through an elaborate gas–liquid–solid interfacial system
Authors: Yu Haitao , Xuan Yimin , Zhu Qibin , Chang Sheng
Published: October 2022

Water molecules and the greenhouse gas of CO2 molecules are converted into chemical methanol through photocatalysts under solar energy, which is beneficial to contructing a CO2-neutral society.
Constant-rate perfused array chip for high-throughput screening of drug permeability through brain endothelium
Authors: Xiao Rong-Rong , Jing Bolin , Yan Lei , Li Jiajia , Tu Pengfei , Ai Xiaoni
Published: October 2022

A constant-rate perfused array chip (cPAC) that enables constant-rate and high-throughput flow, as well as real-time transendothelial electrical resistance measurement was developed for screening drug permeability through brain endothelium.
Freeze casting of porous monolithic composites for hydrogen storage
Authors: Neville George M. , Jagpal Rajan , Paul-Taylor Joseph , Tian Mi , Burrows Andrew D. , Bowen Chris R. , Mays Timothy J.
Published: October 2022

Freeze casting of composite PIM-1 and activated carbon hydrogen adsorbent monoliths, from chloroform, toward high-strength pressure vessel inserts.
Adhesion force microscopy is sensitive to the charge distribution at the surface of single collagen fibrils
Authors: Mull Vinayak , Kreplak Laurent
Published: October 2022

Charges at the surface of collagen fibrils modulate adhesion force measured by the AFM even in the absence of an applied voltage.
Boosting efficiency of luminescent solar concentrators using ultra-bright carbon dots with large Stokes shift
Authors: Li Jiurong , Zhao Haiguang , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: October 2022

Novel yellow emissive carbon dots (CDs) with a large Stokes shift are synthesized. The CDs can be employed to fabricate high-performance large-area luminescent solar concentrators due to successful suppression of reabsorption losses.
CoS2-decorated CdS nanorods for efficient degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Liu Jinyang , Zhou Yan , Tan Xiuniang , Zhang Shengjiang , Mo Chunjiao , Hong Xiaobo , Wu Taolong , Tan Xuecai , Liao Yanjuan , Huang Zaiyin
Published: October 2022

The heterostructure between CoS2 and CdS can improve the charge separation efficiency during photocatalysis and promote the generation of more OH and O2− radicals under light irradiation.
Modulation of titania nanoflower arrays transformed from titanate nanowire arrays to boost photocatalytic Cr(vi) detoxification
Authors: Qin Jiayi , Cao Xusheng , Huang Haijun , Fu Zhaogang , Wu Jin-Ming , Zhang Pengfei , Ye Zhizhen , Wen Wei
Published: October 2022

The integration of the N/S co-doping, anatase/rutile junction construction, and morphology regulation of TiO2 arrays is achieved by a simple method to improve photocatalytic activity.
Estimating donor:acceptor compatibility for polymer solar cells through nonfused-ring acceptors with benzoxadiazole core and different halogenated terminal groups
Authors: Gao Xuyu , Xu Yuanyuan , Yu Ruitao , Song Xiaochen , Tao Xianwang , Tao Youtian
Published: October 2022

Novel nonfused-ring electron acceptors based on a benzoxadiazole-derived core are developed to estimate different miscibility-driven morphologies and donor:acceptor compatibilities.
Construction of a flower-like S-scheme Bi2WO6/BiOCl nano-heterojunction with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Sun Yangang
Published: October 2022

A series of flower-like Bi2WO6/BiOCl photocatalyst were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. S-scheme Bi2WO6/BiOCl-3 nano-heterojunction exhibits the excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation.
Printed flexible mechanical sensors
Authors: Smocot Samuel , Zhang Zixin , Zhang Lingzhi , Guo Shu , Cao Changhong
Published: October 2022

This review analyzes recent developments in the emerging field of printed flexible mechanical sensors. While the field has recently boomed with well performing sensors, systematic ways to print these devices with desired properties are still unclear.
A covalent organic framework/graphene aerogel electrocatalyst for enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Wang Zhiya , Li Jingfeng , Liu Shiyin , Shao Gaofeng , Zhao Xiaojia
Published: October 2022

The in situ growth of covalent organic frameworks at the macroscale on graphene aerogel surfaces for enhanced electrochemical water splitting.
Exploring the versatility of pentafulvene–maleimide cycloaddition as a ligation strategy: buffer and pH effects
Authors: Platts Kirsten , Hota Manisha , Blencowe Chris , Blencowe Anton
Published: October 2022

Pentafulvene–maleimide cycloadditions proceed efficiently in a range of biological buffers of varying pH, highlighting the potential of this strategy as an efficient ligation strategy for the preparation of conjugates.
Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of dihydronaphthofurans and dihydrobenzofurans: reaction development and insights into stereoselectivity
Authors: Susam Zeynep Dilşad , Özcan Bilge Deniz , Kurtkaya Enis , Yildirim Erol , Tanyeli Cihangir
Published: October 2022

Squaramide/cinchona alkaloid-derived bifunctional organocatalysts are in high demand in asymmetric transformations.
Carbene catalyzed C(sp3)–Cl activation of chlorinated solvents for benzyne chlorination
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Song , Zang Zhenming , Wang Ziyuan , Zhu Tingshun
Published: October 2022

A new mode of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis was discovered, in which the normally inert chlorinated solvents were activated by carbene to realize the chlorination of hexa-dehydro-Diels-Alder derived benzynes.
Palladium-catalyzed Lewis acid-regulated cascade annulation of alkynes with unactivated alkenes to access diverse α-methylene-γ-lactones
Authors: Li Jianxiao , He Dan , Wang Bowen , Xiong Wenfang , Qi Chaorong , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2022

A palladium-catalyzed Lewis acid-regulated cascade annulation of alkynes with unactivated alkenes for the preparation of alkyl substituted α-methylene-γ-lactones with excellentZ/Eselectivities was accomplished.
Fabrication and characterization of novel macroporous hydrogels based on the polymerizable surfactant AAc-Span80 and their enhanced drug-delivery capacity
Authors: Tu Kai , Wu Junyan , Zhu Weixia
Published: October 2022

PNIPAM-co-AAc-Span80 shows an enhanced hydrophobic property, rich pore structure, and good adsorption performance for DOX. The desorption results demonstrate that 98.7% of DOX can be released efficiently in an acidic environment.
Exploring the adsorption ability with sensitivity and reactivity of C12–B6N6, C12–Al6N6, and B6N6–Al6N6 heteronanocages towards the cisplatin drug: a DFT, AIM, and COSMO analysis
Authors: Muktadir Md. Golam , Alam Ariful , Piya Afiya Akter , Shamim Siraj Ud Daula
Published: October 2022

Studied the most sensitive and reactive nanocages towards the cisplatin anticancer drug.
Condensation of acrylonitrile and aryl acetonitrile: construction of α-amino-β-cyano cyclohexene skeletons
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tang Chuan-Su , Xiang Shi-Qun
Published: October 2022

A condensation reaction between acrylonitrile and benzyl cyanide for the synthesis of α-amino-β-cyano cyclohexene was reported. The reaction could be carried out mildly with high atomic efficiency to build the cyclohexene skeleton.
Syntheses and properties of tri- and multi-block copolymers consisting of polybutadiene and polylactide segments
Authors: Wang Zhengyue , Zhao Yue , Wei Yuhan
Published: October 2022

Toughen effect of the multiblock copolymers (PLA-b-PB-b-PLA)n on PLLA was investigated and the mechanical properties of the blended films were proved to be influenced by the optical isomers of PLA, stereocomplexation and the rubbery PB chains.
Preparation and lithium storage of core–shell honeycomb-like Co3O4@C microspheres
Authors: Yu Linhe , Yang Qihao , Zhu Guozhen , Che Renchao
Published: October 2022

The reversible specific capacity of CSHCo3O4@C microspheres was as high as 332.6 mA h g−1 at 10C, which was significantly higher than that of SCo3O4 microspheres (68.7 mA h g−1).
Aggregation-induced polarization (AIP) of derivatives of BINOL and BINAP
Authors: Tang Yao , Yuan Qingkai , Wang Yu , Zhang Sai , Wang Jia-Yin , Jin Shengzhou , Xu Ting , Pan Junyi , Guilbeau Collin Ray , Pleasant Alyssa Jenae , Li Guigen
Published: October 2022

The relationship between optical rotations of derivatives of BINOL and BINAP with water% in THF has been established resulting in optical rotation amplification and adjustment, defined as aggregation-induced polarization (AIP).
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based photoredox catalysis in chemical transformations
Authors: Singh Praveen P. , Sinha Surabhi , Pandey Geetika , Srivastava Vishal
Published: October 2022

Photoredox catalysis has been explored for chemical reactions by irradiation of photoactive catalysts with visible light, under mild and environmentally benign conditions.
Sustainable and eco-friendly dyeing of traditional grass cloth with a reactive dye in palm oil medium
Authors: Lin Lina , Xiao Lexin , Li Le , Zhang Cong , Pervez Md. Nahid , Naddeo Vincenzo , Zhang Youqing , Islam Md. Shahinoor , Cai Yingjie , Hassan Mohammad Mahbubul
Published: October 2022

Traditional grass cloth has been used in China for a long time for the manufacturing of various household furnishing textiles and ladieswear.
Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Cu-modified, high-index single Pt NPs for formic acid oxidation
Authors: Huang Ke , Crooks Richard M.
Published: October 2022

Single-crystal Pt nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼200 nm were electrosynthesized, covered with a single monolayer of Cu, and then fully characterized. The resulting materials exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties for formic acid oxidation.
The three-center two-positron bond
Authors: Charry Jorge , Moncada Félix , Barborini Matteo , Pedraza-González Laura , Varella Márcio T. do N. , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Reyes Andrés
Published: October 2022

Computational studies have shown that two positrons can stabilize three repelling atomic anions through the formation of a three-center positronic bond.
Electrostatic potential-derived charge: a universal OER performance descriptor for MOFs
Authors: Xue Xiangdong , Gao Hongyi , Liu Jiangtao , Yang Ming , Feng Shihao , Liu Zhimeng , Lin Jing , Kasemchainan Jitti , Wang Linmeng , Jia Qilu , Wang Ge
Published: October 2022

The electrostatic potential-derived charge (ESPC) is identified as a robust and universal OER performance descriptor of MOFs. By using ESPC as a bridge, the composition design principle of MOFs can be easily derived.
Anthranilamide-protected vinylboronic acid: rational monomer design for improved polymerization/transformation ability providing access to conventionally inaccessible copolymers
Authors: Suzuki Hiroshi , Nishikawa Tsuyoshi , Makino Hiroshi , Ouchi Makoto
Published: October 2022

We designed a vinyl-boronic-acid protected by anthranilamide as a “transformable” monomer in radical polymerization to synthesize conventionally inaccessible copolymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol-co-styrene) and poly(ethylene-co-acrylate).
A catalyst support for direct-ammonia solid-oxide fuel cell anodes based on lanthanum titanium oxynitride
Authors: Sorcar Saurav , Zinowits Hodaya , Komarala Eswaravara Prasadarao , Moshe Nomi , Agranovich Ira , Rosen Brian A.
Published: October 2022

Ammonia is considered a promising fuel for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) owing to its ease of transportation, hydrogen density, and energy content. Oxynitride supports are shown to improve the durability of YSZ-supported direct-ammonia SOFCs.
An Fe–N–C electrocatalyst with dense active sites synthesized by expeditious pyrolysis of a natural Fe–N4 macrocyclic complex
Authors: Wang Minghao , Huang Bing , Jiang Nannan , Liu Tao , Huang Jianren , Guan Lunhui
Published: October 2022

An Fe–N–C electrocatalyst with dense active sites, which is based on the application of rapid Joule heating and a natural FeN4 macrocyclic complex hemin, shows high ORR activity in both acidic and basic solutions.
Chondroitin sulfate-based composites: a tour d’horizon of their biomedical applications
Authors: Abourehab Mohammed A. S. , Baisakhiya Shreya , Aggarwal Akanksha , Singh Anshul , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , Deepak A. , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Pramanik Sheersha
Published: October 2022

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a natural anionic mucopolysaccharide, belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family, has been in the limelight for its unique properties in diverse biomedical applications.
Enhancement of DNAzymatic activity using iterativein silicomaturation
Authors: Fenati Renzo A. , Chen Zifei , Yamagishi Yasuko , Tsukakoshi Kaori , Ikebukuor Kazunori , Manian Anjay , Russo Salvy P. , Yamazaki Tomohiko , Ellis Amanda V.
Published: October 2022

Enhancement of DNZymatic activity using a combined iterativein silicoandin vitromethod as a cheaper and more stable alternative to antibodies or enzymes.
Recent progress in single-crystal structures of organic polymers
Authors: Xue Miaomiao , Yang Jinglun , Kang Fangyuan , Wang Xiang , Zhang Qichun
Published: October 2022

Polymer single crystals with confirmed structures through single-crystal structure analysis or electron diffraction analysis have been brought into a common platform to showcase their preparation, properties, importance, advantages, and potential.
Oxygen vacancy engineering of MOF-derived ZnO/Co3O4 nanocomposites for high harmonic mode-locking operation
Authors: Kong Linghao , Chu Hongwei , Xu Mingjie , Xu Shiping , Pan Zhongben , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Dechun
Published: October 2022

In this contribution, MOF-derived ZnO/Co3O4 composites were fabricated and applied to realize harmonic mode-locking operation in an Er-doped fiber laser, producing the highest repetition rate of 1.46 GHz and a pulse duration of ∼1.5 ps.
Optimal bulk morphologyviaside-chain engineering on non-fullerene acceptor for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Qin Hongmei , Xia Simeng , Sun Daotong , Wu Ziang , Wang Yingying , Ran Yixin , Lu Guanghao , Woo Han Young , Zhao Baofeng , Gao Chao , Li Yuxiang
Published: October 2022

A systematical study was presentedviaengineering theN-alkyl chains onto non-fullerene acceptors to manipulate their multiscale lamella self-assembly and intermixing with polymer donor towards an optimal bulk morphology.
Emotional Sentence Processing in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hazamy Audrey A. , Altmann Lori J. P.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Emotional processing allows us to predict our own and others' behavior, communicate our wants and needs, and understand those of others. Thus, deficits in emotional processing can negatively impact one's quality of life. While changes in emotional processing across several domains (e.g., prosody, faces) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are widely accepted, there is a dearth of literature, with equivocal results, regarding how emotional language processing is affected by PD. This study investigated emotional sentence processing in this population.

Method:

Eighteen persons with PD and 22 healthy adults (HAs) completed a language task in which they rated sentences on their pleasantness (valence), and a battery of cognitive tasks and mood measures that were examined as factors influencing performance. As an interaction between emotionality and concreteness during processing has been indicated in prior research, concreteness of sentence stimuli was also manipulated.

Results:

Individuals with PD rated negatively valenced sentences as less negative and positively-valenced sentences as less positive than HAs. The PD group also demonstrated a reduced overall range of valence rating scores. Sentence concreteness did not influence ratings. Results for positive sentences could be explained by individual differences in working memory (WM), whereas individual differences in WM, depression, and group explained differences in ratings to negative sentences.

Conclusions:

Our study provides one of few accounts of emotional language processing deficits in PD, particularly beyond the word level. Individuals with PD may experience difficulty perceiving and assessing the intensity of the emotional content of language, and deficits may disproportionately impact processing of sentences about negative situations.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21313713
Asynchronous cooperative spectrum sensing via sequential detection in fuzzy hypothesis testing under noise uncertainty in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Xie Shujing
Published: October 2022

Spectrum sensing is a critical part in Cognitive radio networks to detect the available frequency resources, and its timeliness and accuracy are extremely important. The conventional detectors usually fail to be robust in the presence of noise uncertainty, hence an asynchronous cooperative spectrum sensing approach based on sequential probability ratio detection in fuzzy hypothesis testing is proposed. In the approach, sequential detection in fuzzy hypothesis testing is done by each cognitive radio to form local decisions, then fusion centre sequentially accumulates the local decisions of cooperative cognitive radios to make a global decision. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce the average number of samples and overcome noise uncertainty when compared with conventional or selective asynchronous cooperative sensing and non‐cooperative sensing.
Characteristics of flares on giant stars
Authors: Oláh K. , Seli B. , Kővári Zs. , Kriskovics L. , Vida K.
Published: October 2022

Context. Although late-type dwarfs and giant stars are substantially different, their flares are thought to originate in similar physical processes and differ only by a scale factor in the energy levels. We study the validity of this approach.

Aims. We search for characteristics of flares on active giants, which might be statistically different from those on main-sequence stars.

Methods. We used nearly 4000 flares of 61 giants and 20 stars of other types that were observed with Kepler in long-cadence mode, which is the only suitable database for this comparative study. For every flare, we derived the duration and energy and gathered stellar parameters. Correlations between the flare characteristics and various stellar parameters were investigated.

Results. Strong correlations are found between the flare duration and the surface gravity, luminosity, and radii of the stars. Scaled flare shapes appear to be similar on giants and dwarfs with a 30 min cadence. The logarithmic relation of flare energy and duration is steeper for stars with lower surface gravity. Observed flares are longer and more energetic on giants than on dwarfs on average.

Conclusions. The generalized linear scaling for the logarithmic relation of flare energy and duration with a universal theoretical slope of ≈1/3 should slightly be modified by introducing a dependence on surface gravity.