bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closing the loop: autonomous experiments enabled by machine-learning-based online data analysis in synchrotron beamline environments
Authors: Pithan Linus , Starostin Vladimir , Mareček David , Petersdorf Lukas , Völter Constantin , Munteanu Valentin , Jankowski Maciej , Konovalov Oleg , Gerlach Alexander , Hinderhofer Alexander , Murphy Bridget , Kowarik Stefan , Schreiber Frank
Published: September 2023

Recently, there has been significant interest in applying machine-learning (ML) techniques to the automated analysis of X-ray scattering experiments, due to the increasing speed and size at which datasets are generated. ML-based analysis presents an important opportunity to establish a closed-loop feedback system, enabling monitoring and real-time decision-making based on online data analysis. In this study, the incorporation of a combined one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron that is trained to extract physical thin-film parameters (thickness, density, roughness) and capable of taking into account prior knowledge is described. ML-based online analysis results are processed in a closed-loop workflow for X-ray reflectometry (XRR), using the growth of organic thin films as an example. Our focus lies on the beamline integration of ML-based online data analysis and closed-loop feedback. Our data demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of ML methods for analyzing XRR curves and Bragg reflections and its autonomous control over a vacuum deposition setup.
2,6-Dibromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid
Authors: Meurer Florian , Dimova Tanya , Bodensteiner Michael , Kolev Iliyan
Published: September 2023

The title compound, 2,6-dibromo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (DBrTMBA), C10H10Br2O5, was obtained by bromination and transhalogenation of 2-iodo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid with KBrO3. Like the previously reported 2,6-diiodo-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (DITMBA), the structure of the title compound features a catemeric arrangement of DBrTMBA molecules along an endless chain of carboxylic H–carbonyl interactions. A short carbonyl–phenyl contact hints at a possible lone pair(O)–π-hole interaction further stabilizing the chain-like structure over a dimeric arrangement of the carboxylic acid.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-azido-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole
Authors: Maharramov Abel , Shikhaliyev Namiq Q. , Abdullayeva Afaq , Atakishiyeva Gulnar T. , Niyazova Ayten , Khrustalev Victor N. , Gahramanova Shahnaz I. , Atioğlu Zeliha , Akkurt Mehmet , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: September 2023

In the title compound, C16H13N7O2, the 3,5-dimethylphenyl and 4-nitrophenyl rings are inclined to the central 2H-1,2,3-triazole ring by 1.80 (7) and 1.79 (7)°, respectively, and to one another by 2.16 (7)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C—H...N hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.7295 (9) and 3.7971 (9) Å], forming ribbons along the b-axis direction. These ribbons are connected to each other by weak van der Waals interactions and the stability of the crystal structure is ensured. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (31.5%), N...H/H...N (19.2%), O...H/H...O (14.5%), N...C/C...C (10.9%) and C...H/H...C (10.2%) contacts.
Growth and characterization of a new inorganic metal–halide crystal structure, InPb2Cl5
Authors: Lewis Michael P. , Kandel Ramjee , Schatte Gabriele , Wang Peng L.
Published: September 2023

A new solid-state inorganic compound, indium dilead pentachloride, InPb2Cl5, was synthesized by melting InCl and PbCl2 in a vacuum-sealed quartz ampoule. The ampoule was heated to 793 K and then slowly cooled to room temperature to induce crystallization of InPb2Cl5. InPb2Cl5 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system adopting a space group of type P21/c, which is isostructural with other metal halides such as RbPb2Cl5, KPb2Cl5 and TlPb2Cl5. The bulk InPb2Cl5 exhibits a metallic black/grey colour, allowing it to be separated from white/yellow PbCl2 crystals. Due to the incongruent nature of the compound, the pure bulk InPb2Cl5 was not obtained. The black/grey InPb2Cl5 crystals were characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. InPbCl3 was also explored, however the growth was unsuccessful.
(2,4-Dichlorobenzylidene)[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amine
Authors: Murugan Suganya , Paul Anaglit Catherine , Khamrang Themmila , Kavitha Savaridasan Jose , Rajakannan Venkatachalam , Hemamalini Madhukar
Published: September 2023

In the title compound, C17H14Cl2N2, the molecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the C=N bond of the Schiff base fragment. The dihedral angle between the indole ring system and the benzene ring is 80.86 (12)°. In the crystal, molecules are connected by N—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating a C(7) chain extending along the a-axis direction. No aromatic π–π stacking occurs but weak C—H...π interactions are observed.
(Z)-Benzyl 2-(5-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbodithioate
Authors: Abdul Manan Mohd Abdul Fatah , Cordes David B. , McKay Aidan P. , Mohammat Mohd Fazli , Mohd Aluwi Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi , Jumali Nor Saliyana
Published: September 2023

The title compound, C17H15N3OS2 was obtained from the condensation reaction of S-benzyldithiocarbazate and 5-methylisatin. In the solid-state, the molecule adopts a Z configuration with the 5-methylisatin and dithiocarbazate groups located on the same side of the C=N bond, involving an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond.
1-Ethyl-4-isopropyl-1,2,4-triazolium bromide
Authors: Maynard Aaron , Keller Taylor M. , Gau Michael , Albert Daniel R. , Rajaseelan Edward
Published: September 2023

An ionic compound consisting of a triazolium cation and bromide anion, C7H14N3
+·Br−, has been synthesized and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/m with the non-hydrogen atoms of one cation lying on general positions and the others lying on a mirror plane. One bromide ion also lies on the mirror. The extended structure exhibits only weak intermolecular interactions between heterocyclic C—H groups and Br− ions.
Do women on boards matter for corporate social responsibility reporting? Evidence from Palestine
Authors: Hassan Yousef
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Content analysis was used to measure corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions with robust standard errors are used to examine the relationships for a sample of 168 firm-year observations listed on the Palestine Exchange during 2018–2021. A logistic regression is also utilized as an alternative measurement for CSR quantity disclosure and to ensure the robustness of the author’s main findings.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 168 observations listed on the Palestine Exchange (PEX) between 2018 and 2021, this study examines the impact of women's representation on the CSR reporting of Palestinian firms' boards. Moreover, the moderating effect of ownership concentration on the relationship between BGD and CSR reporting is examined. In order to test the hypotheses, the author’s employ OLS regressions with robust standard errors. A logistic regression is also utilized as an alternative measurement for CSR quantity disclosure and to ensure the robustness of the author’s main findings.

Findings

The results reveal that Palestinian companies with more women on their boards have higher CSR practices and disclosure levels. In addition to the validity of agency, stakeholder and legitimacy theories, the findings show the relevance of gender socialization and critical mass theories in explaining the favorable influence of women's presentation on boards in promoting best practices among Palestinian firms, such as CSR disclosure.

Research limitations/implications

The study contributes to the limited literature in the MENA and Arab region countries by examining the influence of BGD on CSR reporting in Palestine, an emerging economy characterized by highly political and economic instability. The study offers a novel contribution by examining the impact of BGD, on not only the CSR reporting quantity but also the reporting quality. However, the generalizability of the study is limited due to the small sample size.

Practical implications

The findings of the study may bring the issues of CSR disclosure and female representation on board of directors to the attention of Palestinian firms' board of directors and managers, investors, professional associations, policymakers and regulators. While listed firms are only required to provide general information that falls under the scope of CSR in their annual reports under the Palestinian code of corporate governance, women representation on boards of directors is not addressed.

Originality/value

This study adds to the very limited literature on the role of the BGD in promoting CSR reporting in the Middle Eastern and Arabic markets in general, and in the Palestinian context in particular. This paper not only investigates but also seeks to theorize this role.
Learning goal orientation and turnover intention: an interplay between cultural intelligence and organisational commitment
Authors: AlMazrouei Hanan , Bodolica Virginia , Zacca Robert
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence and organisational commitment and its effect on learning goal orientation and turnover intention within the expatriate society of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was developed to collect data from 173 non-management expatriates employed by multinational corporations located in Dubai, UAE. SmartPLS bootstrap software was used to analyse the path coefficients and test the research hypotheses.

Findings

The results demonstrate that cultural intelligence enhances both learning goal orientation and turnover intention of expatriates. Moreover, organisational commitment partially mediates the relationship between cultural intelligence and turnover intention/learning goal orientation.

Originality/value

This study contributes by advancing extant knowledge with regard to cultural intelligence and organisational commitment effects on turnover intention and learning goal orientation of expatriates within a context of high cultural heterogeneity.
Heritage tourism and peace interdependency: news content analysis on the destruction and the rebuilding drives of Jahanabad Buddha Statue, Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Nazir Farhad , Santos Norberto , Silveira Luís
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to discern the potential dimensions amid the duality of heritage tourism and peace. Reflecting on the phases of destruction and rebuilding of Seated Buddha of Jahanabad, this study used the content analysis of 40 news sources, to unravel the resultant avenues of heritage tourism and peace.

Design/methodology/approach

Following the qualitative research strategy, the interface of NVivo 12 has been used to transcribe the textual and visual content of media news. The media news aired on the incident of destruction phase in 2007, and rebuilding drive in 2012–2016 were the two sets of collected data. A hierarchy of thematic analysis was adopted to identify nodes, subthemes and themes.

Findings

Findings of this study highlighted six themes: peaceful imagery, PI; heritage dissonance, HD, vs interfaith harmony, IH; peace allegory through restoration, PAR; precursor of heritage sustainability, PHS; community heritage consonance, CHC; and heritage touristic valuation, HTV.

Research limitations/implications

This study lacks statistical data of the quantitative research domain. Aimed at a single heritage site, it analyzed limited number of news sources.

Practical implications

This study offers implications for industrial, theoretical, managerial and governmental stakeholders in their respective domains. Moreover, it also provides takeouts for common readers.

Originality/value

This study contends a significant research issue and analyzes the destruction and rebuilding of a heritage site in a developing country. Primarily in the sociogeographic context of the research issue, the resultant dimensions are novel and demanding.
The moderation effect of entrepreneurship development programs on the economic and political empowerment association. Empirical evidence from post-revolution rural Tunisia
Authors: Toumi Kaouther , Ghalleb Nabil , Akimowicz Mikael
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore individuals’ economic empowerment and political empowerment association and the moderation role of entrepreneurship development programs on this relationship in the context of post-revolution Tunisia, which is a newer developing democracy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a quantitative approach based on econometric modeling. A questionnaire was designed and administrated to a stratified random sample of 343 participants in the Entrepreneurship for the Participation and Inclusion of Vulnerable Youth in Tunisia program, funded by the United Nations Democracy Fund and implemented in rural northwestern Tunisia between 2017 and 2021. A coarsened exact matching method is also applied for robustness analysis.

Findings

The analysis shows that when individuals have enhanced economic decision-making agency and are involved in economic networks, they are more likely to demonstrate higher political empowerment. It also shows that expanding rural individuals’ economic opportunities by providing entrepreneurial resources, such as entrepreneurial training and microcredit, strengthens individuals’ economic empowerment and political empowerment association.

Practical implications

The study provides practical implications for policymakers in newer developing democracies. Citizens’ political empowerment and inclusion in rural areas could be promoted by developing entrepreneurship development programs, which could help reinforce the citizens-state relationship and establish more stable social contracts. The research also provides practical implications for the international development community, donor agencies and program designers through duplicating similar programs in other countries with weak central government structures (i.e. post-conflict environments, post-revolution).

Originality/value

The research attempts to contribute to the ongoing debates linking entrepreneurship, economic empowerment and political/citizen empowerment. It focuses on a Middle East and North Africa country, Tunisia, characterized by socioeconomic issues and low civic participation.
An approach for facilities manager to reducing risks in gas pipelines through sensors and data intelligentization in BIM
Authors: Alijani Mamaghani Omid , Zolfaghari Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Gas transmission pipelines are at constant risk of gas leakage or fire due to various atmospheric environments, corrosion on pipe metal surfaces and other external factors. This study aims to reduce the human and financial risks associated with gas transmission by regularly monitoring pipeline performance, controlling situations and preventing disasters.

Design/methodology/approach

Facility managers can monitor the status of gas transmission lines in real-time by integrating sensor information into a building information modeling (BIM) 3D model. Using the Monitoring Panel plugin, coded in C# programming language and operated through Navisworks software, the model provides up-to-date information on pipeline safety and performance.

Findings

By collecting project information on the BIM and installing critical sensors, this approach allows facility manager to observe the real-time safety status of gas pipelines. If any risks of gas leakage or accidents are identified by the sensors, the BIM model quickly shows the location of the incident, enabling facility managers to make the best decisions to reduce financial and life risks. This intelligent gas transmission pipeline approach changes traditional risk management and inspection methods, minimizing the risk of explosion and gas leakage in the environment.

Originality/value

This research distinguishes itself from related work by integrating sensor data into a BIM model for real-time monitoring and providing facility managers with up-to-date safety information. By leveraging intelligent gas transmission pipelines, the system enables quick identification and location of potential hazards, reducing financial and human risks associated with gas transmission.
The appearance of anti-corruption reporting in a developed market: UK evidence
Authors: Ghazwani Musa Hasan , Whittington Mark , Diab Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine anti-corruption disclosure (ACD) following government legislation, specifically the UK Bribery Act, 2010, through focusing on the UK extractive industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses content analysis for data analysis with an ACD checklist developed to capture ACD in annual reports during the period 2003–2019.

Findings

The study found an increase in ACD following 2010, with companies answering ACD questions and addressing categories that they previously ignored.

Originality/value

Most of the previous studies have examined voluntary ACD; this study contributes to the literature by applying an index developed from government regulation to investigate the difference that regulation can make to disclosure. Hence, this study provides evidence of how, from an institutional perspective, legislation plays an important role in facilitating and endorsing anti-corruption reporting.
Cryptocurrencies from Islamic perspective
Authors: Hassan M. Kabir , Muneeza Aishath , Mohamed Ismail
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to derive a compatible Shariah opinion on the permissibility of using cryptocurrencies by Muslims by reviewing the opinions expressed by Shariah scholars on the permissibility of cryptocurrencies.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a qualitative desk review research where the opinions expressed by the Shariah scholars on the permissibility of cryptocurrencies and the issues related to it have been analyzed using the literature. All the Shariah parameters checked pertaining to currencies have been studied and assessed to derive the Shariah opinion.

Findings

The research findings suggest that cryptocurrencies do not fully meet the characteristics of money according to Shariah principles. Scholars debate their classification as a medium of exchange due to concerns about volatility, intrinsic value and governance. The treatment of cryptocurrencies varies, and their decentralized nature prevents monopolization. Governance and resistance to manipulation are facilitated by blockchain technology. Classifying cryptocurrencies as hard money and their recognition as the primary unit of account face challenges. While they can be a store of value, price volatility and regulations must be considered. The network effect is crucial for their success, and their supply is controlled through complex protocols. These findings have implications for policymakers in Islamic finance.

Originality/value

The differences in Shariah opinions on using cryptocurrencies have been a major debate in the Islamic financial industry. A clear and comprehensive study is not found on the differences in the Shariah opinions on their reasonings, which is important for researchers and professionals in the field. Therefore, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers, scholars and practitioners in Islamic finance, contributing to the understanding of applying Islamic principles to cryptocurrencies.
In the beginning: the light, scientific management and Quaker Philadelphia
Authors: Wagner-Tsukamoto Sigmund A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to offer a new history of management by tracing a religious dimension of scientific management. The thesis is that the good was foundational for bringing scientific management to success in Taylor’s native Quaker Philadelphia in the 1880s. The paper’s main contribution is to contrast the philosophical origins of Taylor’s ideas in scientific management to his native Quaker roots, and how Taylor, over time, into the 1910s, wrestled with this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is situated in historical interpretivism and subjectivism, leaning on contextual and narrative research on religious morality.

Findings

Quaker morality prevented managerial opportunism at Taylor’s Midvale Steel in the 1880s. Conversely, by the 1900s and 1910s, interest conflicts between workers and managers escalated when scientific management moved out of its traditional cultural contexts of Quaker Philadelphia and spread across the USA. The historical implication is, already for Taylor’s time, that scientific management never was the “one-best way” of management.

Research limitations/implications

Future research needs to deepen and broaden research on scientific management when tracing the significance of religion and culture in management thought.

Practical implications

The paper has implications for modern studies of business morality by uncovering the practical relevance of religious business ethics at the outset of management studies.

Social implications

The historic emergence of scientific management points to a theory of institutional evolution and economic growth, when religiously grounded governance of the firm deinstitutionalized, and institutional economic governance, with different but superior economic advantages, progressed by the 1900s.

Originality/value

The paper suggests an alternative version of the intellectual heritage of management studies by tracing the legacy of Taylor’s Quakerism and how religious and cultural ideas contributed to the formation of science in management.
Advertising to reduce meat consumption: positive framing versus negative framing effects on attention
Authors: Zunckel Caitlin , Pillay Pragasen , Drummond Mark Hamilton , Rosenstein David
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Due to the paucity of research examining message framing strategies and attention in anti-consumption advertisements, this study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between the amount of attention paid towards positively and negatively framed advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach

A quasi-experimental study design was conducted with a sample of 56 participants using two different (negatively and positively framed) social marketing print advertisements aimed at encouraging a reduction in meat consumption. The research used eye-tracking to examine attention.

Findings

Findings indicate that the negatively framed advertisement elicited significantly higher levels of attention overall than the positively framed advertisement (p < 0.05). Additionally, participants paid significantly more attention to the headline in the negatively framed advertisement than to the headline in the positively framed advert (p < 0.05). Participants also paid significantly more attention to the tagline in the positively framed advertisement (p < 0.05).

Originality/value

This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of a negative social marketing framing strategy compared to a positive framing strategy – through the effects these strategies had on consumer attention. Positively and negatively framed advertisements produce different typologies of attention towards advertising elements or areas of interest. These findings provide social marketers important insights about message placement and effectiveness when considering whether to use a positively framed or negatively framed advertisement.
Metaverse revolution and the digital transformation: intersectional analysis of Industry 5.0
Authors: Agarwal Ayushi , Alathur Sreejith
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate metaverse elements affecting digital transformation and examine how the metaverses’ enabled digital transformation affects Industry 5.0.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts intersectional research methodologies to understand how metaverse technologies facilitate digital transformation and contribute to Industry 5.0. The Metaverse literature is bibliometrically analyzed to identify the intersection of digital transformation and components of Industry 5.0.

Findings

The conceptualization of the metaverse, its ecosystem and its enabling technologies are consistent with the human-centric, resilient and sustainable vision of the industrial revolution. The findings show that scientific research into digital transformation contributes to refining potential conflicts and tensions that may arise at the intersection of the metaverse and Industry 5.0.

Research limitations/implications

Study have significant implications for digital transformation research, as transformation studies help to fine-tune emerging technologies such as the metaverse for the industrial revolution. Based on the findings, the authors have provided a threat model for the Sustainable Metaverse Revolution.

Social implications

The utility of metaverse technologies in industrial revolutions necessitates the formulation of business model policies that promote the metaverse-enabled digital transformation. Policy recommendations for integrated development approaches are also provided in this paper.

Originality/value

The metaverse-enabled digital transformation and its implications for the industrial revolution are less reported. The current study addresses the importance of such intersectional studies.
Well‐log integration and seismic‐to‐well tie off George V Land (Antarctica)
Authors: Gei Davide , Brancolini Giuliano , De Santis Laura , Geletti Riccardo
Published: September 2023

Cenozoic sediments from the continental rise off the George V Land consist of silty/clayey facies variably rich in diatom ooze; these sediments hold a record of the glacial history of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin and are important for estimating the contribution of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to global sea level changes during past transition to warmer climates. This is fundamental to predict future scenarios related to the global warming. The petrophysical properties of Antarctic marine sediments are influenced by the ice sheet dynamics and may affect the amplitude of seismic reflections. Through a seismic‐to‐well tie procedure, we investigate the origin of high amplitude reflections from Miocene‐early Pliocene deposits identified in two seismic lines crossing at the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 318 drill site U1359. Downhole and core log measurements are preconditioned and merged to obtain complete velocity and density records from the sea floor to the bottom of the deepest of the four wells drilled at this site. We generate a synthetic trace by convolving the reflectivity series with the seismic wavelet obtained from the sea‐floor reflection and match the synthetic trace to the seismic data with a time variant cross‐correlation procedure. This procedure established a robust time‐depth relationship, not achievable from the available small‐offset seismic data. To our knowledge, this is the first seismic‐to‐well tying in the George V Land area. Based on results from synthetic data, the anomalous high amplitude seismic package can be linked to changes in density of sediments. Such changes are interpreted as representative for the alternation of diatom‐rich (warm climate) and silty‐clay layers with ice‐rafted debris (cold climate) inside the deposits. We suggest that the analysis of the characteristics and the distribution of similar seismic anomaly around Antarctica can give insight into the modality of past Antarctic ice sheet dynamics.
Quality improvement interventions to increase the uptake of magnesium sulphate in preterm deliveries for the prevention of cerebral palsy (PReCePT study): a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Edwards Hannah B. , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Sillero‐Rejon Carlos , Pithara‐McKeown Christalla , Margelyte Ruta , Stone Tracey , Peters Tim J. , Hollingworth William , McLeod Hugh , Craggs Pippa , Hill Elizabeth M. , Redwood Sabi , Treloar Emma , Donovan Jenny L. , Opmeer Brent C. , Luyt Karen
Published: September 2023

Objective

To compare two quality improvement (QI) interventions to improve antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) uptake in preterm births for the prevention of cerebral palsy.

Design

Unblinded cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting

Academic Health Sciences Network, England, 2018.

Sample

Maternity units with ≥10 preterm deliveries annually and MgSO4 uptake of ≤70%; 40 (27 NPP, 13 enhanced support) were included (randomisation stratified by MgSO4 uptake).

Methods

The National PReCePT Programme (NPP) gave maternity units QI materials (clinical guidance, training), regional support, and midwife backfill funding. Enhanced support units received this plus extra backfill funding and unit‐level QI coaching.

Main outcome measures

MgSO4 uptake was compared using routine data and multivariable linear regression. Net monetary benefit was estimated, based on implementation costs, lifetime quality‐adjusted life‐years and societal costs. The implementation process was assessed through qualitative interviews.

Results

MgSO4 uptake increased in all units, with no evidence of any difference between groups (0.84 percentage points lower uptake in the enhanced group, 95% CI −5.03 to 3.35). The probability of enhanced support being cost‐effective was <30%. NPP midwives gave more than their funded hours for implementation. Units varied in their support needs. Enhanced support units reported better understanding, engagement and perinatal teamwork.

Conclusions

PReCePT improved MgSO4 uptake in all maternity units. Enhanced support did not further improve uptake but may improve teamwork, and more accurately represented the time needed for implementation. Targeted enhanced support, sustainability of improvements and the possible indirect benefits of stronger teamwork associated with enhanced support should be explored further.
Classification of firing pin impressions using HOG‐SVM
Authors: Wen Zhijian , Curran James M. , Harbison SallyAnn , Wevers Gerhard E.
Published: September 2023

Crimes, such as robbery and murder, often involve firearms. In order to assist with the investigation into the crime, firearm examiners are asked to determine whether cartridge cases found at a crime scene had been fired from a suspect's firearm. This examination is based on a comparison of the marks left on the surfaces of cartridge cases. Firing pin impressions can be one of the most commonly used of these marks. In this study, a total of nine Ruger model 10/22 semiautomatic rifles were used. Fifty cartridges were fired from each rifle. The cartridge cases were collected, and each firing pin impression was then cast and photographed using a comparison microscope. In this paper, we will describe how one may use a computer vision algorithm, the Histogram of Orientated Gradient (HOG), and a machine learning method, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), to classify images of firing pin impressions. Our method achieved a reasonably high accuracy at 93%. This can be used to associate a firearm with a cartridge case recovered from a scene. We also compared our method with other feature extraction algorithms. The comparison results showed that the HOG‐SVM method had the highest performance in this classification task.
The where, who and how of adrenal vein sampling in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Ng Elisabeth , Chong Winston , Lau Kenneth K , Gwini Stella May , Carroll Richard W , Doery James CG , Fuller Peter J , Yang Jun
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes 10–15% of cases of hypertension, and it is increasingly recognised as being under‐diagnosed. An interventional radiology procedure, adrenal vein sampling (AVS), is a necessary and important diagnostic procedure for complete workup of PA. There is an anticipated increase in demand for AVS as detection of PA improves. This study aims to describe the current landscape of AVS in Australia and New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

Two surveys exploring AVS methodology and performance were conducted of (i) Endocrinology Unit Heads and (ii) interventional radiologists who perform AVS, at public hospitals with Endocrinology Units across Australia and NZ.

Results

Responses were received from 48/53 Endocrinology Unit Heads (91%) and 35 radiologists from 26 sites (87% of AVS sites). AVS was provided at 28/48 Endocrinology sites (58%) across Australia and NZ. In Australia, sites were concentrated in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland with none in the Northern Territory; in NZ, sites were more evenly distributed across the North and South Islands. AVS was performed by 1–2 dedicated radiologists at 24 sites, 2–3 radiologists at two sites and a rotating roster of radiologists at two sites. Responses to both surveys revealed significant variation in AVS methodology and interpretation of AVS results.

Conclusion

There is significant heterogeneity in the availability of AVS, the procedural details and the interpretation of results across Australia and NZ, which potentially impacts the quality of patient care and ability to scale up AVS capacity to meet increasing demand.
An optimal dose‐fractionation for stereotactic body radiotherapy in peripherally, centrally and ultracentrally located early‐stage non‐small lung cancer
Authors: Zarębska Izabela , Harat Maciej
Published: September 2023

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), is commonly used in inoperable patients with early‐stage non‐small lung cancer (NSCLC). This treatment has good outcomes and low toxicity in peripherally located tumors. However, in lesions which are located close to structures such as the bronchial tree or mediastinum the risk of severe toxicity increases. This review summarizes the evidence of dose‐fractionation in SBRT of NSCLC patients in various locations.
Headline Impression Management in the Earnings Press Releases of TSX Venture Exchange Firms*
Authors: Mansurov Alisher , Bujaki Merridee , McConomy Bruce
Published: September 2023

This paper explores firms traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) Venture Exchange and their voluntary disclosure practices by focusing on earnings press releases (EPRs). We compare the characteristics of EPR issuers and non‐issuers and investigate how the former group uses headline impression management in their EPRs to highlight firm performance. More precisely, we examine emphasis and tone management techniques in the headlines of over 1,300 EPRs by TSX Venture Exchange (TSX‐V) firms. Our results show that the main determinants of the EPR disclosure choice are the achievement of positive revenue, an increasing trend in firm market value, and industry type. We find that EPR issuers reinforce and repeat positive results in the headlines of EPRs and use positive tone management to highlight positive financial performance. Our results confirm the association between firm performance and strategic placement of performance results, while illustrating that the strength of this association varies by industry and by EPR characteristics such as EPR length and numerical intensity. Overall, this paper sheds light on TSX‐V firms, their disclosure practices, and potential violations of recommendations from regulators regarding avoiding exaggerated or promotional language in press releases.
The silent burden of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in the elderly: A global burden of disease analysis
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Ng Cheng Han , Muthiah Mark D. , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Yong Jie Ning , Tan Darren Jun Hao , Lim Wen Hui , Wong Zhen Yu , Syn Nicholas , Tsusumi Tsubasa , Takahashi Hirokazu , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Mantzoros Christos S. , Huang Daniel Q. , Noureddin Mazen , Loomba Rohit , Sanyal Arun J. , Wijarnpreecha Karn
Published: September 2023

Background

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a significant health threat worldwide. The growing trend towards an aging population, along with an alarming rise in obesity and diabetes, may have significant implications for the burden of NAFLD.

Aim

To assess the impact of NAFLD on the elderly.

Methods

We utilised data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2010 and 2019 to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with NAFLD in the elderly (65–89 years), stratified by region, nation, sociodemographic Index and sex.

Results

Globally, there were an estimated 228 million cases, 87,230 deaths and 1.46 million DALYs attributed to NAFLD in the elderly. Geographically, the Western Pacific region had the highest burden of NAFLD in the elderly. From 2010 to 2019, there was an increasing prevalence rate in all areas, with the most pronounced change observed in the Western Pacific region (annual percentage change (APC) +0.95%, p < 0.001). Over the study period, there was a more rapid increase in NAFLD prevalence in men (APC +0.74%, p < 0.001) than in women (APC +0.63%, p < 0.001). In most regions, death and DALYs rates have declined, with the exception of the Americas, where there was a slight increase (APC +0.25%, p = 0.002 and 0.38%, p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

Over the past decade, the burden of NAFLD in the elderly has been increasing, necessitating immediate and inclusive measures to tackle the rising burden.
The framing of initial COVID‐19 communication: Using unsupervised machine learning on press releases
Authors: Tomasi Stella , Kumble Sushma , Diddi Pratiti , Parolia Neeraj
Published: September 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic was a global health crisis that required US residents to understand the phenomenon, interpret the cues, and make sense within their environment. Therefore, how the communication of COVID‐19 was framed to stakeholders during the early stages of the pandemic became important to guide them through specific actions in their state and subsequently with the sensemaking process. The present study examines which frames were emphasized in the states' press releases on policies and other COVID information to influence stakeholders on what to focus on to help with sensemaking during the crisis. We conducted content analysis on 602 press releases from 50 US states using an unsupervised machine learning approach called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The results show that health communication using press releases to help the public make sense of the crisis were framed to include health frames as well as economic frames. Health communication messages are typically framed with health and safety measures; however, this study shows that economic frames were emphasized more than public health frames in the government's health communication for COVID‐19, which forced both large and small businesses to engage in specific socially responsible activities that were previously voluntary to support public health safety.
Outcome after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy failure in large B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Dodero Anna , Bramanti Stefania , Di Trani Martina , Pennisi Martina , Ljevar Silva , Chiappella Annalisa , Massimo Magagnoli , Guidetti Anna , Corrado Francesco , Nierychlewska Paulina Maria , Di Rocco Alice , Lorenzini Daniele , Daoud Rahal , De Philippis Chiara , Santoro Armando , Carlo‐Stella Carmelo , Corradini Paolo
Published: September 2023

This study retrospectively evaluated the outcome of salvage therapy in 51 patients who failed axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel for relapsed/refractory large B‐cell lymphomas. Of these patients, 22 (43%) were enrolled in clinical trials (glofitamab or loncastuximab tesirine + ibrutinib), whereas 29 received standard therapies (lenalidomide [Len], checkpoint inhibitors [CPIs], ibrutinib [I], chemoimmunotherapy and radiotherapy) or supportive care. Overall, 26 of 39 (67%) treated patients received a treatment based on immunotherapy (glofitamab, CPI, Len) that was mainly represented by bispecific antibody (n = 18). In this subgroup, plasma samples were collected and analysed for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using cancer‐personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP‐seq). The study found that patients with high ctDNA had poor outcomes. At a median follow‐up of 11.7 months, the estimated 12‐month overall survival (OS) was 35%. Factors adversely affecting the prognosis in the multivariable model were the absence of response to CAR T‐cell therapy (HR: 3.08; p = 0.0109) and a diagnosis other than PMBCL and t‐FL (HR: 4.54; p = 0.0069). The outcome of patients failing CAR T cells is poor and requires further investigation.
The Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme: Report from 16 years of screening in a low‐prevalence, non‐endemic region
Authors: Gravholt Esther Agnethe Ejskjær , Petersen Jesper , Mottelson Mathis , Nardo‐Marino Amina , Rathe Mathias , Olsen Marianne , Holm Charlotte , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Birgens Henrik , Glenthøj Andreas
Published: September 2023

The Danish national haemoglobinopathy screening programme seeks to determine parental haemoglobinopathy carrier state antenatally. In this retrospective register‐based study, we evaluated the 16‐year trajectory of this programme, utilising the Danish Red Blood Cell Centre's laboratory database, covering approximately 77% of the Danish population. During the study period, we observed a substantial increase in annual diagnostic examinations performed, from 389 in 2007 to 3030 in 2022. Women constituted 88% of these cases, aligning with the emphasis of the screening programme. Of these, 54% of women of reproductive age (15–40 years) and 10% of women >40 years were specified as pregnant. During our study period, 61 children were born with a severe haemoglobinopathy, out of which 23 children were born from mothers not residing in Denmark during their first trimester thus not included in the screening programme. Prenatal invasive testing was performed for 60 fetuses, identifying 12 with homozygous or compound heterozygous haemoglobinopathy. The Danish haemoglobinopathy screening programme has provided screening, information and reproductive choices for numerous families. During the study period, screening for haemoglobinopathies has been steadily increasing and is expected to continue to increase. Awareness of and adherence to the screening programme is subject of further investigation and optimisation.
Within your rights: Dissociating wrongness and permissibility in moral judgement
Authors: Murray Samuel , Jiménez‐Leal William , Amaya Santiago
Published: September 2023

Are we ever morally permitted to do what is morally wrong? It seems intuitive that we are, but evidence for dissociations among judgement of permissibility and wrongness is relatively scarce. Across four experiments (N = 1438), we show that people judge that some behaviours can be morally wrong and permissible. The dissociations arise because these judgements track different morally relevant aspects of everyday moral encounters. Judgements of individual rights predicted permissibility but not wrongness, while character assessment predicted wrongness but not permissibility. These findings suggest a picture in which moral evaluation is granular enough to express reasoning about different types of normative considerations, notably the possibility that people can exercise their rights in morally problematic ways.
What are the experiences of families facilitating the repatriation of their relatives with learning disabilities and/or autism back to Guernsey?
Authors: Wallace Rebecca , Morris Julian , Hodgkinson Melanie
Published: September 2023

Background

Recent Government guidelines have promoted returning people with learning disabilities and/or autism from out‐of‐area placements to their local communities. These transitions not only impact the individuals but also their families.

Methods

This study explores the experiences of family members who have been involved in the repatriation of people with learning disabilities and/or autism to their local community in Guernsey. Using semi‐structured interviews, participants' experiences were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Findings

Three superordinate themes emerged: ‘distress, powerlessness and hopelessness’, ‘not feeling included’ and ‘parental role’.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the barriers and successes family members experience when supporting a relative with learning disabilities and/or autism to move back to Guernsey. Recommendations for healthcare services such as requirements for better communication and to include families in decision‐making are discussed.
Inequalities in dental services use by older adults in Chile according to eligibility for a national dental programme
Authors: Aravena‐Rivas Yanela , Venturelli Renato , Stennett Michelle , Tsakos Georgios
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and trends in dental service use among Chilean older adults (60+ years) between 2006 and 2017; to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and dental service use and type (public/private) in 2017 and whether these differ by eligibility to a national dental programme (GES‐60).

Methods

This study involved secondary data analysis of five nationally representative cross‐sectional surveys between 2006 and 2017. Trends were assessed for use of dental services and types of services used among 60‐79‐year‐olds. Logistic regression models examined the association between use of dental services in 2017 and socioeconomic variables (income and education), accounting for covariates (age, gender, residence, ethnicity, cohabiting status, employment and disability). Estimated marginal means and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to assess the association between socioeconomic variables and the outcomes by GES‐60 eligibility.

Results

Across surveys, the average prevalence of use of dental services in the last 3 months was 5.0%. There was a slight increase in dental visits between 2006 and 2017. This trend was higher among GES‐60 eligible individuals using public dental services. Inequalities were observed in regression analyses. Compared to the poorest quintile and those with no formal education respectively, the ORs were 2.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–5.68) for the richest quintile and ranged from 2.91 (95% CI 1.49–5.68) to 6.43 (3.26–12.68) for each higher level of educational attainment. Inequalities were wider among GES‐60 non‐eligible than GES‐60 eligible older adults for both outcomes.

Conclusions

Socioeconomic inequalities were present among older adults regardless of GES‐60 eligibility. However, these inequalities were more pronounced among non‐eligible individuals. Our findings suggest a limited impact of GES‐60 only among eligible older adults. Policies considering the needs of the whole older adult population are likely to have a stronger impact.