bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation and reproductive outcome: how much do we know? A case series in Indian population
Authors: Singh Pooja Nadkarni , Raghav Mridula , Singh Prabhkar , Viradiya Vanita
Published: February 2022

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) defined as loss of two or more pregnancies is one of the reasons why couples visit an ART clinic. 2-5% of RPL cases show an abnormal parental karyotype. Folic acid is an essential B vitamin involved in processes of fundamental importance for cell division and embryo development. Folic acid deficiency can have effect on many processes involved in oocyte development, acquisition of endometrial receptivity, embryo implantation and also in the maintenance of pregnancy. The 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme plays an important role in folate metabolism. The most investigated MTHFR gene mutations are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the mRNA positions 677 (rs1801133) and 1298 (rs1801131). MTHFR gene mutations are found less in Asian population and hence have not been studied or evaluated much. We presented a case series of 3 different cases of MTHFR gene mutation variants that were managed at our ART center. Testing for MTHFR gene mutation after 3 early pregnancy failures/missed abortions, PGT-A and surrogacy being our proposed interventions.
An extremely rare case of ovarian abscess in third trimester of pregnancy managed by successful vaginal birth and review of literature
Authors: Vuong Anh Dinh Bao , Nguyen Phuc Nhon
Published: February 2022

Ovarian abscess (OA) in pregnancy is actually rare occurrence, almost unheard, which associated with poor prognosis for mother and fetus. This diagnostic dilemma is often difficult to be elucidated because of anatomical changes in pregnancy. It was established incidentally by obstetric ultrasound or during cesarean section performed for an obstetric indication. Specially, the presentation of adnexal abscess is very hard to distinguish from appendical abscess. In this report, we presented a 20-year-old woman (G0P0) at 33-34 weeks of gestation was admitted to the clinic of our hospital with a pelvic abnormal tumour accompanied by fetal growth restriction. The patient was indicated for serial laboratory examination, which showed a right abnormal adnexal mass. At hospitalization, the patient was mostly asymptomatic so she was followed by medical treatment and by an expectant management. The surveillance was strictly controlled without complications, except intrauterine growth restriction associated with pregnancy. The patient received a conservative management and gave a well-being infant at 36-37 weeks of gestation by vaginal delivery. Twelfth days after delivery, she underwent a laparoscopic operation to remove the abscess mass. Preventive treatment is also a major importance. This report describes the clinical features and results of the case with an ovarian abscess detected in the 3rd trimester without adverse sequelae and compared to the recurrent knowledge based on the literature regarding the advanced management of OA involved in pregnancy. Through this report, we aim to carry out a literature review in order to discuss these clinical manifestations of OA, optimize the importance in definitive diagnosis and underline the appropriate treatment of an individual case.
Meckel-Gruber syndrome: about a case identified during deliver
Authors: Wade Mouhamadou , Gueye Mamour , Mbodji Aissatou , Ndiaye Mame D. , Sene Mouhamed , Mbaye Magatte
Published: February 2022

Meckel-Gruber syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, usually lethal, most commonly characterised by the classic triad of polycystic kidneys, occipital encephalocele and polydactyly. Antenatal diagnosis can be made by ultrasound between 10 and 14 weeks of amenorrhoea. Recognition of this syndrome is important in order to establish the diagnosis and provide genetic counselling. Finally, well supervised termination of pregnancy should be the rule for lethal fetal malformations in order to relieve the psychological suffering of patients. However, in certain situations or working conditions, the diagnosis can be made late or even discovered during childbirth. We report a case of Meckel Gruber syndrome discovered at birth.
Broad ligament myoma: a case managed by vaginal hysterectomy and broad ligament myomectomy
Authors: Kania Prema , Kaur Shubhdeep
Published: February 2022

The broad ligament is the commonest extra uterine site for leiomyoma but with low incidence rate. We present a patient with complaints of lower abdominal pain and premenstrual spotting per vaginum. Abdominal examination revealed a huge firm mass arising from the pelvis corresponding to 10–12-week size. Cervix was deviated to right and elevated but felt separable of the mass. Ultrasonographic examination showed left adnexal 9 cm fibroid beside the uterus suggesting broad ligament fibroid. Laparoscopy was planned but vaginal hysterectomy was attempted considering the expertise of the surgeon and previous 2 vaginal deliveries. Non descending vaginal hysterectomy was done to increase the space and working field for performing the broad ligament myomectomy. Extreme care was taken to avoid the ureteric injury. This case was reported because of the rare incidence of broad ligament leiomyoma and the difficulty in its operative management.
A critical review of the vaginal microbiota and its relationship with human papillomavirus
Authors: Said Abdallah Chaharzad , Xu Tianmin , Wang Cong
Published: February 2022

The study of bacterial 16S rRNA genes is facilitated with the assistance of next-generation sequencing methods (NGS) which allow a thorough investigation of vaginal microbial community makeup to an extent not achievable with regular culture-supported microbiological methods. The human papillomavirus (HPV) triggers cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), the precursor of cervical malignancy. Vaginal microbiota has a mutualistic symbiotic connection with their host and has a significant influence on health and disease. Surging proof points to a likely connection between the vaginal microbiota and repeated HPV infections. Some vaginal microbial types can be either prophylactic or pathogenic in cancer development of the cervix after repeated HPV infection. In this review, we discussed the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiota as well as the relationship between HPV infection and the vaginal microbiota. We also covered the link between the vaginal microbiome, HPV, and immune response.
Menopause: a new beginning of happy years
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Sunayana
Published: February 2022

Menopause is an essential phase of women’s life. Essentially, human female experiences different phases pertaining to the reproductive system and hormonal status these phases are prominently as follows. Childhood phases (0 to 12 year) menstrual phase (12 to 45±4 years) menopausal face (45 to 50±years) and post menopause (50 to till end of her life). Menopause is complete cessation of menstrual cycle at least for a year. Menopausal phase causes many hormonal, physical, physiological, emotional and psychological changes in humans female. These changes are prominent in the reproductive system and hormonal profile. Menopausal state of women indicates the end of her reproductive period with other associated changes. Majority of women get disturbed physiologically, emotionally and psychologically. Menopausal woman develops the feeling of end of her sexual life and women hood. This paper reviews the state and perception of menopause, misconception regarding end of sexual life, better management of menopausal state and how menopause could be new the beginning of happier life physically, mentally, physiologically and sexually.
Incidence and management of Bell’s palsy in peripheral facial paralysis cases
Authors: Gupta Sucheta , Gupta Vinod
Published: February 2022

Background: The underlying pathophysiology observed in cases of Bell’s palsy is vascular distension, inflammation and oedema with ischaemia of the facial nerve. Various causes have been proposed including viral, inflammatory, autoimmune and vascular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical presentation of Bell’s palsy among North Indian patients.Methods: A randomized prospective observational study was carried out in the department of otorhinolaryngology and head neck surgery, CHC, Chenani, Udhampur, on 60 patients, who presented with facial nerve palsy over a period of one year from August 2019 to July 2020. Patients were evaluated using the House-Brackman scale (HBS) and studied in relation to incidence, associated symptoms, percentage of recovery and effect of treatment on the rate of recurrence.Results: Of the 60 patients of facial nerve palsy, 44 patients were diagnosed of Bell’s palsy. 16 (37.5%) patients were grade II, 9 (14.6%) were grade III, 11 (31.3%) were grade IV, 7 (14.6%) were grade V and 1 (2.0%) patient was grade VI at onset. 21 (47.73%) patients had postauricular pain and 7 (15.90%) had hearing changes (phonophobia) during the attack. 35 (79.54%) patients recovered normal, while 9 (20.46%) patients did not return to normal life till the end of the follow up period. Out of the total 84.09% patients recovered, recurrence was also very low at 4.54%.Conclusions: A significant number of patients recovered fully from the condition; however, eye protection remains crucial in preventing long-term eye complications.
Assessment of safety and effectiveness of desoximetasone emollient cream 0.25% in comparison to mometasone cream 0.1% in Indian patients with eczema
Authors: Lahiri Kaushik , Barua Shymanta , Babu B. V. Ramesh , Tahiliani Sushil , Godse Kiran , Kulkarni Ketan R.
Published: February 2022

Background: Topical corticosteroids have become indispensable in the treatment of eczema. The current study was conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of Desoximetasone emollient cream 0.25% (DESO) compared to Mometasone cream 0.1% (MOM) in patients with eczema.Methods: This was a prospective, observational, open label, multicentre post marketing study at real-life scenario. Newly diagnosed, treatment naïve patients with clinical diagnosis of eczema were enrolled. All patients received either DESO or MOM for 3 weeks. Primary end point was proportion of patients developing adverse events. Secondary endpoints comprised of change in visual analog scale for perception of improvement in intensity of pruritus at day 14 and day 21 from baseline, change in eczema area and severity index (EASI) score at day 0 and day 21.Results: 45 patients in DESO group and 43 patients in MOM group completed study. DESO and MOM were well tolerated. Severity of pruritus was significantly reduced in 54.59% patients in DESO group compared to 45.60% patients in MOM group on day 14 (p=0.023). Severity of pruritus was reduced in 69.16% patients in DESO group as compared to 66.97 % patients in MOM group on day 21 (p=NS). There was a statistically significant reduction (p<0.001) in EASI score at day 21 and as compared to baseline within the study groups, but without any difference between the groups.Conclusions: Desoximetasone 0.25% emollient cream was well tolerated in the treatment of eczema with earlier reduction in pruritus as compared to Mometasone furoate 1% cream.
Comparison of combination metformin-vildagliptin versus metformin-glimepiride in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequately controlled metformin monotherapy
Authors: Deshkar Anuradha T. , Gawali Ujwala P.
Published: February 2022

Background: Metformin has been recommended as a first-line therapy for T2DM in many guidelines. Adding a sulfonylurea to metformin has been a conventional and gold standard for decades to achieve tight glycaemic control. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, an incretin-based therapy has emerged as important adjunctive drugs in T2DM. Therefore, the present study was planned to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of combination metformin-vildagliptin and metformin-glimepiride in patients of T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.Methods: A total 45 patients were allocated to each metformin-vildagliptin group and metformin-glimepiride group. Fasting plasma glucose, post prandial plasma glucose, body weight, adverse events were recorded at 0 week, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Glycosylated haemoglobin was recorded at 0 week and 12 weeks.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05) at the end of 12 weeks in the mean percentage reduction in FPG, PPPG and HbA1c.There was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001) difference between the two groups in mean percentage change in weight at the end of 12 weeks. Hypoglycemic events were significantly (p<0.05) more in metformin-glimepiride group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of other adverse events between the two groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: In patients of T2DM with inadequately controlled metformin monotherapy, combination metformin-vildagliptin provides comparable efficacy in terms of FPG, PPPG and HbA1c to that of combination metformin-glimepiride with no risk of weight gain reduction in risk of hypoglycemic events.
Role of active and passive surveillance in early case detection and prevention of disease spread in COVID-19 pandemic: our experience
Authors: Pradeep Kumar , Samundeswari Gopinathan , Niranjan Rajasekar , Dorthy Velayutham , Malar Ilango , Velavan Anandan , Konduru Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Prahan , Purty Anil J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Strong surveillance systems which include both active and passive surveillance are the important steps to halt a disease outbreak by early case detection and management, which helps in breaking the chain of transmission. The main aim of this article is to share our experience regarding the active and passive surveillance done during COVID 19 spread in the year 2021.Methods: The early case detection of COVID 19 cases through active and passive surveillance was slightly different from the usual methods that are carried out for regular known communicable diseases. Active surveillance was done round the clock by screening of all vehicles entering the union-territory of Puducherry and by house-to-house survey. Passive surveillance was carried out by screening of various symptomatic patients attending to hospitals which needed motivation of health personnel as well as awareness among the general public.Results: Out of 12 Govt. PHCs (3,30,000population) where active and passive surveillance was conducted, the total number of individuals referred to designated COVID centre by active and passive surveillance is 30 and 110 respectively for COVID testing and further management.Conclusions: Active and Passive surveillance plays a major role in early case detection and prevention of disease spread in COVID-19 pandemic.
Predisposing factors for pneumonia in the neonatal period and acute phase reactants as a prognostic marker-a study in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India
Authors: Bagchi Nilay Ranjan
Published: February 2022

Background: Respiratory distress is the most common cause for NICU admission and pneumonia accounts for more than 50% of cases. There are different predisposing factors for occurrence of neonatal pneumonia. This study aimed to find out different predisposing factors leading to occurrence of pneumonia in neonates and also to study CRP and mESR as acute phase reactants to determine prognosis as these two markers are most widely used marker in clinical practice.Methods: A total 250 neonates who presented with features of pneumonia were included in the study. All the predisposing factors were corroborated with the clinical findings of the neonates and prognosis were assessed by serial acute phase reactants assay.Results: Most of the patients (57%) diagnosed with neonatal pneumonia have early onset neonatal sepsis. 66% of them had history of premature rupture of membrane >24 hours (p<0.001). The mean period of gestation is 32.9 weeks, so majority of them are preterm (p<0.001). 30% of them had history of birth asphyxia (p<0.001). The mean Downe’s score comes out to be 3.74 and score >4 had worst outcome (p<0.05). Blood culture become positive in 36% of the cases who carried adverse prognosis (p<0.001). CRP (p<0.0001) has a definite valuable role to determine the prognosis but micro ESR (p=0.2267) found to be non-significant in this study.Conclusions: Premature rupture of membrane, premature birth, birth asphyxia, Downe’s score >4 and blood culture positivity found to be risk factor for pneumonia in neonates and serial CRP may be done to determine the prognosis.
Management of dermatoses with topical clobetasol propionate 0.025%
Authors: Gopala Maragondanahalli G. , Warad Sidramappa R. , Puhan Manas R. , Agrawal Saurabh , Parbhani Sanjay J. , Mehendiratta Kavita , Gupta Mahaveer P. , Taj Farhana T. , Chirag Vamja , A. Satish D.
Published: February 2022

The development of topical corticosteroids (TC) has enabled effective treatment of many dermatoses. The main therapeutic activity of topical corticosteroids is their nonspecific anti-inflammatory effect that primarily seems to be a result of their action on the chemical mediators of inflammation. Topical corticosteroids have also been shown to be antimitotic. Corticosteroids also play a vital role in cellular signaling, immune function and protein regulation. Clobetasol propionate (CP) 0.025% is a prescription corticosteroid medicine, used to treat moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in patients 18 years of age and older. It is a class I specialized cream formulation, that is free of propylene glycol, short-chain alcohols (e.g. ethanol), and sorbitan sesquioleate, a sorbitol-based emulsifier which is a common contact allergen used in many topical corticosteroid formulations. This case series discusses about management of different dermatoses using ImpoyzTM (clobetasol propionate) cream 0.025%.
Peripheral artery disease in patient with end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis: a case report
Authors: Chandra I. Made A. , Aryana I. Made L.
Published: February 2022

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The presence of PAD in hemodialysis patients leads to an increase in the incidence of amputation and mortality. However, early diagnosis of PAD in hemodialysis patients is still challenging. Clinical manifestation of PAD in ESRD patients is often atypical manifestations and present in severe manifestations. We reported a case of PAD in the right leg of a 54-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis with comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) of the right leg was 0.82 and the result of echo-Doppler supported the presence of PAD in the right distal femoral artery. Then, the patient was treated with antiplatelet therapy, cilostazol, and other medication to control comorbidities. The pain was partly relieved after treatment and the patient was referred to a tertiary hospital for further diagnosis and management. Endocrine and biochemical abnormalities lead to a higher prevalence of PAD in ESRD patients on routine hemodialysis. The non-invasive approach on PAD in ESRD patients has an advantage in improving patients’ outcomes if the diagnosis is established in the earlier stage.
Post COVID-19 Guillain Barre syndrome with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Authors: Bhat Adarsha Gopadi Krishna , Hande Manjunatha Handattu , Bhat Nithin K. , Bhat Sriram
Published: February 2022

Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare but potentially fatal immune mediated disorder of peripheral nerves and nerve roots usually triggered by infections characterized by ascending paralysis with or without sensory symptoms, hyporeflexia to areflexia. Usually preceded by gastrointestinal or respiratory infection. Post COVID-19 neurological manifestation include GBS, transverse myelitis etc., occur at varying incidence rates at various places. Here we report a 42-year-old lady who had COVID-19 recovered presented with quadriparesis with absent deep tendon reflexes with electro-diagnostically proven AMSAN variety of GBS treated successfully with IVIg. Patient was having hyponatremia which was diagnosed to be due to SIADH and was successfully treated with fluid restriction and tolvaptan. This case is being reported due to combination of COVID-19, COVID vaccination shortly before GBS and hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) which is quite rare combination.
Importance of general examination in diagnosis: a rare case report of a family affected with Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy
Authors: S. Tony K. , Narwade Ananta , Ghuge Pooja , Sapkal Harish , Patil Rahul , Shingade Pravin U. , Ambulkar Sunil G.
Published: February 2022

Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is rare constellation of signs associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) associated with genomic imprinting in GNAS1 gene. We described a case report of a patient with AHO phenotype with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) with associated chronic liver disease and its complications and her pedigree analysis.
Unilateral pulmonary agenesis in a child with recurrent respiratory tract infections
Authors: Das Rajib , Roy Priti
Published: February 2022

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly defined as complete absence of lung parenchyma with its bronchial tree and vasculature. It usually presents in early childhood and may be associated with other congenital abnormalities. Chest X-ray gives a suspicion of this condition which can be further confirmed by computed tomography scan of thorax. Oher investigations like echocardiography and ultrasonography of whole abdomen must be done to rule out associated congenital anomalies. We describe here a case of one month old male who presented with cough and shortness of breath. Chest X-ray showed right sided homogenous opacity which on contrast enhanced computed tomography revealed right sided pulmonary agenesis. Echocardiography showed situs solitus with dextroposition of heart. The child was treated with intravenous antibiotics, moist oxygen and nebulisation with bronchodilators following which there was clinical resolution of symptoms. In conclusion, congenital pulmonary agenesis should be included in the differential diagnosis in a child presenting with dyspnoea and homogenous opacity of unilateral lung field in Chest X-ray for early diagnosis, management and prevention of recurrent respiratory infections and consequently to reduce childhood mortality.
Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19
Authors: Sari Luh P. V. C.
Published: February 2022

Despite of primarily infecting the respiratory tract, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have an extensive extrapulmonary clinical manifestations, including the integumen system. Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are polymorphic, hence it can be confused with any other identical lesions caused by other agents. This literature review concludes the cutaneous manifestations which can be found in COVID-19. COVID-19 may manifest as maculopapular rash, urticaria, vesicular lesions, covid toes, and livedo recamosa. Some of these cutaneous manifestations may have a significant prognostic value for diagnosing COVID-19. Although COVID-19 role in the integumen system is poorly understood, proper identification are needed to distinguish these lesions from different etiological agents.
Dental fear: a narrative review
Authors: Nishi Nowrin J. , Pervin Shahana , Shaude Syed
Published: February 2022

The dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is a common phenomenon around the world. From children to the adults, most of the people become frightened when they face any dental discomfort and they need to visit a dentist and go through a treatment procedure in a dental set up. This narrative review tends to identify the causes behind DFA, its consequences and management of DFA from different studies which were conducted previously. This study is a narrative review of DFA. This study is mainly based on the secondary data from different articles and journals which were available online. After the proper screening from 154 titles, the final review included 68 articles. Based on different studies, it is found that DFA in quiet common in the people of all ages. The studies had found that dental fear and anxiety most often results from a traumatic past dental experience. Friendly dental office environment is an effective way in reducing dental fear and anxiety. Psychotherapeutic management is also important is managing DFA like behavior-management techniques, relaxation techniques, distraction, guided imagery, hypnotherapy, acupuncture, systematic desensitization or exposure therapy, positive reinforcement, cognitive restructuring and pharmacological management. The techniques for managing DFA can be the effective solution for reducing stress and make the treatment process more comfortable.
Rediscovering the cardiorenal syndrome: from theory to practice
Authors: Huerta-Velázquez José Miguel , Jimenez-Curiel Alexa , Santiago-Maciel Daniel Felipe
Published: February 2022

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a state of advanced involvement that occurs between the heart and the kidneys, with both organs being affected by multiple causes, either secondary to a systemic pathology, or the dysfunction of one of these organs causing dysfunction on the other, acutely or chronically. Typically, there are five different types with different pathophysiology, but with the same purpose: cardiac and renal involvement. Epidemiological data from meta-analysis carried out around the world indicate that it is a very common pathology, yet commonly missed by clinicians. In patients with kidney or heart disease, which places them in a position to develop the syndrome, the first contact doctor must actively search for the diagnosis. In hospitalized patients, especially among those with previous cardiac or renal pathology, this syndrome has an important relevance, since its incidence is very high and early diagnosis is extremely important for an adequate treatment and thus avoid the perpetuation of damage to both organs. An early diagnosis can reduce the mortality rate, since it has been estimated that it increases by approximately 15% for every 10 ml / min reduction in GFR.
An aspect of personality disorder in substance use disorder
Authors: Sukma Dwi Ayu Anggaraeni , Ardani I. Gusti Ayu Indah , Wahyuni Anak Ayu Sri
Published: February 2022

Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a health problem for a long time and the number of substance abuse was relatively the same every year. The prevalence of substance abuse in Indonesia in 2011 is about 2.23%, it was slightly decreased in 2014 become 2.18% and 1.77% in 2017. However, the prevalence was increased again in 2019 become 1.80%. Previous studies had shown a strong association between personality disorder (PD) and SUD. The result of the national comorbidity survey replication by Glantz et al in the United States (US) found that patients with PD tend to experience SUD (odd ratio=4.9). All types of PD had been reported in the patients with SUD, but antisocial and borderline personality disorder was the most commonly found. Antisocial, borderline, and paranoid personalities had a positive association with SUD, meanwhile, obsessive-compulsive personalities had a negative association with SUD.
Expert opinions regarding neuro-microcirculatory, vestibular and labyrinthine dynamics in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Benny Rajesh
Published: February 2022

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder and a leading cause of peripheral vertigo in adults. The current treatment with repositioning maneuvers still leaves some residual dizziness in a significant proportion of patients with BPPV. The role of neuro-microcirculatory, vestibular, and labyrinthine dynamics needs to be evaluated. Eighty leading neurologists and otolaryngologists from across India participated in advisory board meetings to debate on altered neuro-microcirculatory, vestibular, and labyrinthine dynamics in BPPV. Betahistine when used in conjunction with Epley maneuver was considered to be a safe treatment. Betahistine can be used as monotherapy in patients with BPPV who are deemed unfit to undergo canalolith repositioning maneuvers. Betahistine provides short-term relief from acute symptoms associated with BPPV by improving microcirculation in the labyrinth and improves vestibular compensation, thereby providing long-term benefit. Betahistine also improves outcomes in combination with canalolith repositioning maneuvers. Experts unanimously agreed upon the role of betahistine in providing better vestibular health and in-turn, recovery from vertigo.
Prospective observational study on effectiveness of glucosamine, diacerein, and methyl sulfonyl methane on osteoarthritis
Authors: Nukathoti Sujith Kumar , Adimulam Nikitha , Athmakuri Rama Koteswarao , Garnepudi Sandeep , Bellamkonda Surya Vamsi , Dondedti Chenna Reddy
Published: February 2022

Background: Some research studies showed that nutraceuticals like glucosamine, chondroitin, methyl-sulfonyl-methane etc, are showing effectiveness in treating osteoarthritis (OA). But there is no proper evidence that these drugs can treat OA because some research studies also showed, these nutraceuticals have little to no effect in OA. The main purpose of our study is to take a combination of nutraceuticals, which are glucosamine, diacerein and methyl-sulfonyl-methane and find the effectiveness of these nutraceuticals in treating OA.

Methods: In this prospective study, 194 subjects were taken and conducted an observational study. Numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) was used to assess pain severity and X-ray is used to assess the joint space narrowing. Based on pain severity, subjects are divided into three groups i.e., mild, moderate and severe and given the treatment of glucosamine, diacerein, and methyl-sulfonyl-methane and reviewed.

Results: From the analysis of NPRS score, on admission, patient severity was severe 97%, moderate 3% and mild pain was 0%, and after three reviews over a period of 6 months, the pain severity of patients was severe 8.76%, moderate 87.1% and mild pain was 4.12%.

Conclusions: Based on our study we concluded that glucosamine, diacerein, and methyl-sulfonyl-methane can effectively treat OA by repairing the damaged articular cartilage. But these medications cannot produce new articular cartilage, they only repair the damaged articular cartilage.
Comparison of early clinico-radiological outcome of posterolateral fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion techniques
Authors: Tuse Sushant Sopan , Matin Aamir
Published: February 2022

Background: The objective is to analyse clinico-radiological outcome with respect to functional disability, pain, fusion rate of patients treated with TLIF compared to instrumented PLF techniques for lumbar spinal stabilization.

Methods: Monocentric retrospective study with an average follow up of 36 months in patients who underwent surgery from January 2016 to December 2017. Out of 140 participants, 78 males and 62 females with mean age 52.22 (±11.97) years; 78 underwent PLF and 62 underwent TLIF. Assessment was done using VAS score and ODI score before surgery and post-surgery at 3, 6, and 18 weeks and thereafter at 18, 24 and 36 months. Radiologically sagittal and coronal angles were measured both preoperatively and postoperatively and evaluation of correction in sagittal and coronal angle was calculated.

Results: We observed highly significant reduction in the post-operative VAS score, ODI Score compared to pre-operative scores in both TLIF and PLF group but radiologically TLIF gives better correction in sagittal balance and rotational alignment compared to PLF.

Conclusions: We conclude that in the short term duration of our study, both the procedures done with proper technique in duly indicated patients shows satisfactory clinical outcome. However, radiologically TLIF patients had better outcome. We expect better outcome in long term with TLIF compared to PLF. In presence of insignificant blood loss, surgical duration and better 3600 fusion TLIF is preferred over PLF.
Limb salvage surgery with endoprosthesis reconstruction in management of locally advanced primary bone tumours: a functional outcome evaluation
Authors: Sinha Shashank Kumar , Das Arijit , Das Ayon , Ghosh Sanjib
Published: February 2022

Background: Endoprosthetic reconstruction using a custom-made metallic mega-endoprosthesis is one of the common modalities for limb salvage operation. The new promising advance of material science, design and fabrication of the endoprosthesis enable an immediate rehabilitation program and provide a durable and functional limb. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and functional outcome in patients with primary bone tumours treated by limb salvage surgery using endoprosthetic replacement.

Methods: A total of 14 patients with primary bone tumour in major large joints of the body, selected between January 2019 to August 2020, were managed by limb salvage surgery via endoprosthetic replacement. This was a prospective study conducted at a Tertiary care Government Hospital in Kolkata, and all patients were followed up to a minimum of 1.5 years. The evaluation system used was proposed by Enneking, recommended by the musculoskeletal tumour society in addition to the radiologic evaluation.

Results: At final follow-up, the mean musculoskeletal tumour society score was 89.71±3.58. The mean Knee Society Score of 9 patients was 85.55±3.64 and mean Harris hip score of 2 patients and Oxford shoulder score of 4 patients were 90.5 and 41.67 respectively by the end of 1.5 years. 12 (85.7%) patients did not have any complications. None of the cases had implant loosening or breakage, periprosthetic fracture, tumour recurrence or amputation.

Conclusions: Endoprosthesis are excellent choices for the treatment of bone tumours with limb preservation in relation to pain, strength, and patient’s emotional acceptance as they reconstruct a limb with an acceptable oncologic, functional, and cosmetic result providing immediate weight-bearing capacity and generating a greater independence.
Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid in the control of bleeding in long bong fracture surgeries: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gaspar Manuel A. , Lasam Marco Paolo G.
Published: February 2022

Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used successfully in the practice of orthopedics to reduce perioperative blood loss, particularly in total hip and knee arthroplasty and spine surgery. The use of TXA has shown potential to reduce blood loss, transfusion rates and volumes, perioperative hemoglobin change and hospital-related costs at various degrees. This review aimed to evaluate the clinical results of the intraoperative use of TXA in long bone fracture surgeries. Relevant electronic articles were reviewed through a systematic search and selection process, resulting in the selection of five randomized control trials with a total of 295 participants. These studies compared the primary outcome of this meta-analysis, which was blood loss. Four of the studies included post-operative hemoglobin levels as their outcomes. Furthermore, two studies compared drop in hemoglobin levels, while three studies included blood transfusion events. Results showed a significant difference in terms of total blood loss when intraoperative administration of TXA was compared to placebo in long bone surgeries with a mean difference of -76.94 [-106.62, -47.26] (95% CI) (p≤0.00001). There was no significant difference in terms of post-operative hemoglobin levels (p=0.27) with a mean difference of 0.31 [-0.24, 0.86] (95% CI). No significant difference was also shown between the two groups as to drop in hemoglobin levels (p=0.29) with a mean difference of -0.34 [-0.97, 0.29] (95% CI). This meta-analysis showed that intraoperative use of TXA given during long bone fracture surgeries can effectively reduce total blood loss and reduce risk of transfusion events or avoid transfusion events.
“Atendiendo a los meritos y servicio del Capn. Dn. Mariano Maicá”. Armas indígenas y orden político en la frontera sur de Buenos Aires durante la década de 1850
Authors: Sol Lanteri María , Pedrotta Victoria
Published: February 2022

El objetivo del trabajo es examinar la importancia de las fuerzas indígenas durante la coyuntura bélica entre el Estado de Buenos Aires y la Confederación en las batallas de Cepeda (1859), que puso fin al Estado de Buenos Aires y la de Pavón (1861), que cimentó la unificación del Estado Nacional. Se contextualizan las relaciones y alineamientos en el campo indígena frente a ambos contendientes, atendiendo al accionar de los “indios amigos” de Catriel, Cachul y Maicá. Luego, se analiza la trayectoria militar de Mariano Maicá, considerando las causas, características e implicaciones de su ascenso militar. Por último, lo sucedido luego con la solicitud de pensión militar que efectuara su viuda. Se destaca la complejidad de las relaciones interétnicas, la necesidad del auxilio armado indígena ante los enfrentamientos políticos y el funcionamiento del orden estatal en la frontera, signado por prácticas consuetudinarias y el peso de condicionamientos y contingencias locales.
Union Density in Norway and Sweden: Stability versus Decline
Authors: Kjellberg Anders , Nergaard Kristine
Published: February 2022

The aim is to explain why union density is not only considerably higher in the Ghent country Sweden than in non-Ghent Norway but also why it has declined much more in Sweden, in particular among blue-collar workers. We show how changes to Swedish unemployment insurance in 2007–2013 were followed by a decline in union density and how white-collar unions were more successful than blue-collar unions in developing supplementary income insurance schemes that counteracted membership losses. This type of institutional explanation is nevertheless insufficient. In Norway, too, blue-collar density has decreased while white-collar workers have maintained their density rate. Norwegian data further show that even without unemployment insurance funds, it is possible to achieve a fairly high union density at workplaces with collective agreements. However, without unemployment benefits like we find in Sweden, it is increasingly challenging to establish an institutional foundation for a social custom of unionization.
MOTIVATION TO BECOME AN EFL TEACHER AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Kralova Zdena , Tomsik Robert , Kovacikova Elena , Hartanska Jana
Published: February 2022

This paper deals with the motivation for choosing English teaching as a profession. The objective is to determine the impact of motivation on academic achievement by measuring the significance of gender. Teacher trainees (male n = 42; female n = 42; uncategorized n = 3) completed the Scale of Motivation for Choosing a Teaching Profession (SMVUP; Tomsik, 2019a) which measures eleven factors in three types of motivation – intrinsic, extrinsic, and altruistic. The scale is a validated instrument based on the globally used Fit-Choice Scale (Watt and Richardson, 2012) and adjusted to the European educational context. The quantitative analysis did not confirm any type of motivation as a significant predictor of academic achievement. However, gender was revealed as a significant motivational role in choosing TEFL as a profession. Male student teachers reached higher average scores in intrinsic and altruistic motives, compared to female teacher trainees who scored higher in extrinsic motives.
TEACHER ACTION RESEARCH IDEAS
Authors: Petlak Erich
Published: February 2022

The study analyzes action research in educational practice and its contribution to the quality of education. The author describes the difference between action research and the random application of methods, tools, or non-standard procedures in a teacher's work and analyzes teachers 'views on action research, as well as teachers' attitudes to research.
FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE PARONYMIC ATTRACTION
Authors: Chaplik Varvara A.
Published: February 2022

This article analyses the phenomenon of paronomasia in modern French and describes the typology of paronymic constructions. The phenomenon of paronymic attraction is defined as a special lexical phenomenon of intentional convergence of similar lexical units to create a game of meanings, a special expressive effect. The study describes the typology of paronymic formations, specifies and describes the main characteristics of paronomasia, studies and determines its status and differences from folk etymology, which are primarily reduced to the function performed by this type of units. The lexical material of the proposed study consists of data from the French dictionaries of occasionalisms, as well as examples from various literature and Internet sources. This article focuses on the definition of paronymic attraction and its main features and characteristics in an attempt to define the status of the paronomasia as well as its distinctions from the phenomena mentioned above (false etymology and paronyms).
“A HANDBOOK FOR WINTER MOSCOW VISITORS” BY NIKOLAI STRAKHOV: POETICS OF SATIRE
Authors: Trakhtenberg Lev A.
Published: February 2022

“A Handbook for Winter Moscow Visitors” is an example of late Enlightenment satire. Nikolai Strakhov exposes the vices and follies of high society fops obsessed with fashion and ignoring reason. This is a usual topic of 18th-century satire. Why the “Handbook” deserves attention is mostly because of its form rather than content. Its primary source is the genre of satirical essay embodied in moral weeklies. But in comparison to essays Strakhov greatly widens the scope of his work. The book’s plot follows the calendar, embracing several months showing fops arriving to Moscow, indulging in all ways of entertainment and finally leaving for their estates in spring. For the fops, this means the whole year circle, as life in the country, out of high society, has no value for them. The satirist’s view is, however, opposite: in his opinion, fops waste all their time, as their lifestyle is nonsensical. The characters are nameless, which is a method of generalization. Narrative modes are extremely various. The major mode is a rare form of narration in the imperative, the story presented as advice to fops. The satirist recommends them to indulge in unreasonable behavior. The reader is sure to understand that such advice should not be taken seriously and must not be followed, irony being the predominant principle in the book. Advice in the imperative alternates with narration and description in the indicative. In this case the characters are often addressed in the second person or spoken of in the third person. There is also first-person narration where the author pretends to identify with the characters. The book’s syntax is characterized by parallel constructions, particularly based on anaphora.
FORMATION OF LEXICAL SKILLS AT THE NATIVE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CLASS
Authors: Orlova Elena V.
Published: February 2022

The object of this research is the process of teaching the vocabulary of the native Russian language. The subject of the research is the formation of students’ lexical skills during the classes of the native Russian language. The relevance of the proposed article is based on the development of theoretical and practical materials for teaching vocabulary at the lessons of the native Russian language. The topic is new and insufficiently developed in the methodology of teaching the Russian language. The article aims at the analysis of the current state of students’ lexical skills at the level of basic general education and at the elaboration of a methodological commentary on didactic materials used during the lessons of the native Russian language while studying the vocabulary. Theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, conclusions) and practical research methods (conducting an experiment) are used to analyze the proposed question. As a result of experimental data analysis, the typical mistakes of students were systematized and the reasons for the development of negative trends in the formation of lexical skills of students were identified. The article presents a description of the methodology for the formation of lexical skills of students during the native Russian language class. This is based on the implementation of the following key approaches to teaching the Russian language: a system-action oriented approach, a cognitive-communicative approach, and an axiological one. The conclusions revealed that due to the national specifics of the Russian vocabulary and its phraseology, the system-action oriented and cognitivecommunicative approaches are feasible and desirable in teaching the Russian language vocabulary.
KINDS OF VALUES OF MONOTEMPORAL AND POLYTEMPORAL REPEATABILITY IN MODERN OSSETIAN LANGUAGE AND WAYS OF THEIR EXPRESSION (IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN LANGUAGE)
Authors: Levitskaya Alina A.
Published: February 2022

The study of the universal semantic types of repetition - multiplicative, distributive, iterative on the material of the Ossetian language reveals significant discrepancies in the designation of aspectual-actional features of the course of action in mono- and polytemporal plans, especially iteration, which is, in contrast to the Russian language, in the sphere of action of a separate grammatical categories of multiplicity, and proves that different interpretations of the same objective entities by speakers of different languages is the most important characteristic of the linguistic picture of the world, which noticeably distinguishes even related languages.
AGE STEREOTYPES IN THE ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE PICTURE OF THE WORLD: STATIC AND DYNAMIC ASPECTS
Authors: Zaytseva Natalya V.
Published: February 2022

The relevance of this work is due to the importance of age stereotypes for the life of society and the language picture of the world and the need to study the dynamic aspect of these stereotypes. Traditional age stereotypes are represented in proverbs correlated with this phenomenon and reflecting the axiology of age. However, these stereotypes cannot be considered permanent even within a certain linguistic and cultural community, they are subject to changes that can occur both over a long time and relatively quickly. The aim of the work is to identify the dynamics of age stereotypes in the Anglo-Saxon language picture of the world on the basis of comparing their representation in proverbs and English-language corpora. The comparative analysis of English proverbs and utterances in British and American corpora shows that most of the negative as well as positive stereotypes associated with youth and old age remain unchanged or are further detailed in the corpora. However, many new stereotypes are emerging, which is due to such factors as rapid technological progress, the emergence of digital technologies, the focus of society on intensive work and money-making, the tendency to youth obsession. New negative stereotypes concerning old age include increased fear of old age, disability, forgetfulness, loneliness, the need of older people for empathy, egocentrism. An additional positive stereotype is the stereotype about the love of old people for children. New negative stereotypes connected with youth include commitment of young people to bad habits, a tendency to crime, lack of perseverance, unwillingness to study, emotional instability, excessive haste, dependence on technology, leading to social isolation. There are also such new positive stereotypes as good adaptability, health and activity of young people, a large number of opportunities that are open up to them, rapid growth on the career ladder.
SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF THE ELIMINATED LACUNAE
Authors: Belyaeva Irina V. , Akay Oksana M.
Published: February 2022

Elimination of lacunae is associated with the need to convey semantic content that has not found a single-word expression in the language. But elimination also turns out to be necessary for pragmatic reasons. It is precisely the pragmatic nuances that distinguish the primordial literary words and the borrowings or substandard units replacing them. Taking into account the entire palette of pragmatic meanings allows us to explain the emergence and consolidation of new units in the vocabulary and grammar of the modern Russian language.