bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute Heart Failure in a Pregnant Woman with Preeclampsia: a Rare Case of Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Boldueva S. A. , Evdokimov D. S. , Rozhdestvenskaya M. V. , Rukoyatkina E. A.
Published: September 2022

The mechanisms of takotsubo syndrome, better known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, are not fully understood. The article presents a clinical case of the development of acute left ventricular failure in a 39-year-old pregnancy against the background of severe preeclampsia. Echocardiography revealed a decrease in global myocardial contractility, hypo-akinesia of the apex and all median parts of the left ventricle, hyperkinesis of the basal parts. After 2 weeks, myocardial contractility was normal, no contractility impairment was found. Two months after the acute episode of the disease, magnetic resonance imaging of the heart was performed, according to which no pathological changes were detected. Based on the clinical picture, electrocardiogram changes, laboratory data and typical transient echocardiographic changes, it was suggested that the patient had takotsubo syndrome.
Prevention of Cardioembolic Complications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Efficacy and Safety of Left Atrial Appendage Isolation and Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Pevzner D. V. , Kostritca N. S. , Alieva A. K. , Merkulova I. A. , Yavelov I. S. , Merkulov E. V. , Chazova I. E.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To study the outcomes frequency and structure in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) depending on the cardioembolic events preventing method: left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin.

Material and methods. A prospective observational study included patients with AF and high risk of cardioembolic complications and without contraindications to anticoagulants. Patients who refused long-term oral anticoagulants taking underwent LAA isolation, the rest of the patients received DOACs or warfarin. The observation period was 3 years. Mortality, cardioembolic complications and major bleeding (according to GARFIELD criteria) cumulative incidence was assessed.

Results. We included 245 patients: 46 patients were treated with LAA isolation, 100 with warfarin, and 99 with DOACs. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant advantage of LAA occluder in terms of combined endpoint achieving frequency compared to warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-9.54; p=0.049), and to DOACs (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.15-10.29; p=0.027). A similar result was obtained for all-cause mortality (HR 5.24; 95% CI 1.12-24.55; p=0.036 and HR 5.58; 95% CI 1.22-25.49; p=0.027, respectively). There were no significant differences in bleeding rates between the groups.

Conclusion. This observational study demonstrates the superiority of LAA isolation as a first-line therapy over DOACs and warfarin in patients with AF and high risk of cardioembolic complications. Randomized trials are required to confirm these observations.
Uric Acid as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Safaryan A. S. , Lishuta A. S. , Nebieridze D. V.
Published: September 2022

Recently, hyperuricemia and its association with cardiovascular disease have been receiving more and more attention. The article talks about the role of uric acid in the body, the reasons for its increase and the impact of elevated uric acid levels on the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms of influence of hyperuricemia on the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases are presented. Medicinal and non-drug ways to reduce the level of uric acid in the blood are considered. From non-drug methods, attention is focused on the hypopurine diet, adequate drinking regimen and normalization of body weight. Separately, the effect on the level of uric acid of various drugs used in clinical practice is considered. In the light of current clinical guidelines, the issue of the need to prescribe drug therapy for asymptomatic hyperuricemia is discussed.
Approximate method for calculating the magnetic field of 330-750 kV high-voltage power line in maintenance area under voltage
Authors: Rozov V. Yu. , Reutskyi S. Yu. , Pelevin D. Ye. , Kundius K. D.
Published: September 2022

Problem. In order to organize effective protection of working personnel from the action of strong electromagnetic influence when performing work on live high-voltage power lines (HVPL), the existing methods of calculating the magnetic field (MF) need to be developed in the direction of their simplification during operational use. Goal. The purpose of the work is to develop an approximate method and a simplified methodology for calculating the magnetic field flux density near the surface of the 330-750 kV HVPL wires for the prompt determination of the safe distance of the working personnel to the surface of the HVPL wires at the current value of their operating current. Methodology. A new approximate method of calculating the flux density of the MF in the area of work on live HVPL based on the Biot-Savart law and determining the maximum values of the flux density of the MF on the axes of symmetry N of the suspension of N wires, which are decisive for the protection of working personnel, is proposed. Results. Exceeding the maximum acceptable level of the MF for individual power lines at their nominal currents, adopted in the European Union, and the need to implement measures to reduce MF were revealed. Originality. It is shown that the distribution of the 330-750 kV HVPL near N of its split wires with an error of no more than 2.5 % can be determined by the current of only one of the phases of the HVPL. This distribution of MF, which is uneven, is determined by the order of axial symmetry N with the maximum values of the flux density of the MF lying on the axes of symmetry N of the suspension of the phase wires. Practical value. The development of an approximate method and a simplified methodology for calculating the flux density of the MF near the surface of the wires of 330-750 kV HVPL, which allows you to quickly, without the use of a computer, calculate the safe distance to the wires of a specific HVPL at the current value of its operating current, as well as determine the necessary measures for the protection of personnel from the MF, which can be implemented either by physically limiting the minimum distance from the worker's body to the surface of the wires to a dangerous one, or by necessary reduction of the HVPL operating current during repair work. Verification. An experimental verification of the proposed method and methodology was carried out on a laboratory installation with a mock-up of a phase of a 330 kV HVPL from AC 400 type wires at 1500 A current, which confirmed the correctness of the proposed calculation relationships.
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 03.09.2022 г. по 09.09.2022 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: September 2022

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19, за неделю с 03.09.2022 г. по 09.09.2022 г.
Green spaces are critical for connecting urban habitat in the tropics
Authors: Danneck Jennifer , Tiang Darrel Chin Fung , Duc Khanh Ngo , Azhar Badrul , Sanusi Ruzana , Campos-Arceiz Ahimsa , Lechner Alex M.
Published: September 2022

Tropical Southeast Asia is a hotspot for global biodiversity, and also a hotspot for rapidly expanding urbanisation. There is a need to identify, protect, restore, and connect remaining green spaces in the urban matrix before this opportunity is lost to urban development. The objective of this study is to characterise ecological connectivity for mammals and identify important patches and linkages for connecting urban green spaces for Greater Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia. We first map land cover across the region using linear mixture model with preprocessed multi-date cloud free mosaics derived from Sentinel 2 remote sensing data in Google Earth Engine. We then model connectivity using the land cover maps, expert-based parameterisation of Euclidian distance, and graph-based connectivity models for a range of dispersal guilds representing small and medium terrestrial and arboreal mammals. Our analysis showed large differences in the effects of fragmentation within Greater KL on the different dispersal groups, with some groups perceiving the landscape as disconnected. However, our analysis identified a network of green patches and pathways which potentially could support connectivity in the urban landscape. Our results demonstrate the potential for Southeast Asian mega cities to support biodiversity in the urban context, and the potential for a different kind of urban development, which supports biodiversity in its urban fabric.
The lateral combined approach for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus with intact lateral epicondyle
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Chen Feixiong , Li Danmei , Ma Kun
Published: September 2022

Background: To investigate the feasibility of using a lateral combined approach with preservation of the extensors and lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) for exposing the coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus, and to analyze the results of open reduction and internal fixation of these injuries.Methods: 45 patients suffered to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus with the lateral epicondyle intact were treated with open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF) from January 2013 to August 2020. The fractures were exposed by the lateral combined approach in which the tendons involving the common extensor, the extensor carpi ulnaris and the LUCL was preserved, and the two observing windows formed anterior to and posterior to these tendons and LUCL were used to achieve the fracture reduction. Buried screws with or without plate placed on posterior lateral condyle were used to fix the fragments. The functional outcome of these patients was reviewed and assessed with physical and radiographic examination, range of motion (ROM) measurements, and self-evaluation (Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score).Results: 40 patients followed for over one year were included in the final analysis and the mean follow-up duration was 42.10±29.79 months (range, 12-107months). The patients’ mean age was 41.8years (range, 12-74 years). According to Dubberley classification, there were 15 type I, 17 type II and 8 type III fractures. At the final follow-up the average flexion-extension arch was 130.75°(range, 65-150). And the mean pronation and supination was 73.00°(range, 45-80) and 70.63°(range, 40-80), respectively. The mean MEPI score was 87.56(range, 61-97) points, and the results were excellent in 21 patients, good in 13, and fair in 4 and poor in 2. The mean DASH score was 10.59 (range, 0-41.67) points. Neither functional score nor range of movement was associated with age, sex, fracture type, injury type, surgical timing. Conclusions: Reduction and stable fixation with internal fixation for coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus could be achieved by the lateral combined approach. Early functional mobilization could be allowed and then result in satisfactory restoration of elbow function.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Two Voriconazole Formulations after Intravenous Infusion in Two Doses in Healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Chenjing , Shi Ping , Liu Yanping , Tao Ye , Lin Pingping , Li Ting , Hu Haixun , Sun Feifei , Liu Shuqin , Fu Yao , Cao Yu
Published: September 2022

Background
Voriconazole, a second-generation triazole exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity. It is used for theprophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic equivalence of a test formulation and reference formulation (Vfend®) of Voriconazole.
Materials and Methods
This was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, crossover phase I trial with 7-day washout periods. 48 subjects were divided into 4mg/kg and 6mg/kg groups equally.In each group, the subjects randomly received the test or reference formulations at the rate of 1:1. Following a 7-day washout period, the alternative formulations were received. The blood samples were collected at 0.5, 1.0, 1.33,1.42,1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0 hours later in the 4 mg/kg group, while at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.08, 2.17, 2.33, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 12.0, 24.0, 36.0, 48.0 hours later in the6 mg/kg group. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentrations of Voriconazole. Safety was evaluated.
Results
The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0 − t, and AUC0−∞ in both 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg groups were within the prespecified bioequivalence limits between 80 ~ 125%. Inthe4mg/kg groups, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (2552.4858 ± 447.5427) ng/mL, AUC0 − t was (11874.7937 ± 7156.5403) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (12834.9910 ± 9812.5167) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 4 mg/kg test formulation. The mean Cmax was (2615.3630 ± 464.3496) ng/mL, AUC0 − t was (12499.8864 ± 7256.9641) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (13415.6530 ± 9484.8426) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 4 mg/kg reference formulation. In the 6 mg/kg groups, 24 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. The mean Cmax was (3537.6908 ± 691.3528) ng/mL, AUC0 − t was (24975.7418 ± 12363.8967) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (26212.2269 ± 14056.5960) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 6 mg/kg test formulation. The mean Cmax was (3504.0527 ± 667.4605) ng/mL AUC0 − t was (24989.6939 ± 12454.6114) h*ng/mL and AUC0−∞ was (26160.2473 ± 13995.9717) h*ng/mL after a single dose of 6 mg/kg reference formulation. Serious adverse event (SAE) was not observed.
Conclusion
In both 4 mg/kg group and 6 mg/kg group, equivalent pharmacokinetic characteristics that satisfied the criteria of bioequivalence for both test and reference formulations of Voriconazole.
Salicylic acid modulates oxidative stress during the ontogenesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain measured by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS oxylipin-based lipidomics
Authors: Pinciroli María , Domínguez-Perles Raúl , Medina Sonia , Oger Camille , Guy Alexandre , Durand Thierry , Ferreres Federico , Gil-Izquierdo Angel
Published: September 2022

The present study aims to discover the effect of exogenously applied of salicylic acid (SA) in the concentration 0, 1 and 15 mM, on the oxidative stress monitored through the concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs in immature and mature grains of three genotypes of rice ('R52', 'R45' and 'Yerua') and their influence on grains per panicle and chalkiness. Concentration of oxylipins showed differences in both harvest times (immature and mature) for each genotype. The cv 'Yerua' presented equal concentrations of PhytoPs in immature and mature grains, while the mature grains of the advanced lines 'R52' and 'R45' showed concentrations 24.0 and 79.0% lower than those of the immature grains, respectively. The PhytoFs were equivalent in the two harvest seasons, in "Yerua" and "R52", while in "R45", the concentration of these oxylipins was 46.0% lower in the mature grains. Regarding the effect of SA treatments, it was observed that a single application reduced the concentration of a single oxylipin of the ten quantified; while in mature grains, with two applications of SA, a significant decrease in the concentration of 6 of the ten biomarkers monitored was observed with the increase in the concentration of SA. The SA produced an increase in grains per panicle and a decrease in chalkiness, especially in "R52". The close relationship between the content of the oxylipins evaluated and the concentration of SA applied confirms the relationship of their participation in the redox balance and the ability to mitigate stress and improve performance parameters of grains.
The Carbon Emissions Reduction Effect of Digital Agriculture in China
Authors: Ma Songlin , Li Jinfeng , Wei Wantong
Published: September 2022

Carbon emissions reduction is gaining increasing attention worldwide. Digital agriculture has a carbon emissions reduction effect. This paper focuses on how the development of digital agriculture contributes to agricultural carbon emissions reduction.To this end, the spatial characteristics, spillover effects and driving factors of digital agriculture on agricultural carbon emissions are explored using panel data of 31 regions in China from 2011 to 2019 using a spatial econometric model. The results show that digital agriculture development reduces agricultural carbon emissions.The results remain robust after estimation using the replacement weight method and the explanatory variable substitution method. Agricultural technological progress, agricultural industry structure, and rural education level all contribute to the reduction of agricultural carbon emissions in a region, while agricultural carbon emissions in the neighboring regions have a negative relationship with the agricultural industry structure in the region and a positive relationship with rural education level and agricultural technological level. Furthermore, strengthening the exchange of digital agriculture between regions and leveraging the intermediary effect of digital inclusive finance can effectively enhance the carbon emissions reduction effect.
Common Clinical Trial Amendments, why they are submitted, and how they can be avoided (Amendments Assemble): a mixed methods study on NHS Sponsored Research
Authors: Joshi Shivam
Published: September 2022

Background
Amendments are changes made to a clinical trial after it has received regulatory approval. An amendment can take a significant amount of time and resource to develop, review and implement at participating sites. This can affect the efficient delivery of clinical trials and potentially contribute to research waste. This study aimed to establish what the most common amendments are, why they are submitted, and what, if anything, can be done to avoid them.
Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed. The first strand involved a content analysis on a sample of amendments, submitted in trials sponsored by a University Hospital NHS Trust between September 2009 and March 2020, to establish the most common changes and reasons for amendments. The second strand involved thematically analysing semi-structured interviews with trial stakeholders to explore their views on the reasons underpinning the submission of amendments, and the potential for efficiencies that could prevent avoidable amendments.
Results
242 approved amendments were examined from 53 clinical research studies. The ‘Addition of sites’ was the most common amendment change, and the most common reason for amendments were ‘To achieve the trial’s recruitment target’. The root-causes for avoidable amendments identified by the 11 interviewees included: ‘Rushing the initial application knowing an amendment will be needed later’, ‘Not involving all the right people to input’ at the start of the trial, and ‘Realising it’s not feasible in practice when delivering the trial’. Missing regulatory checks following an onerous and error prone application process, were also identified as the cause of some amendments.
Conclusions
Trials need to be critically reviewed by various stakeholders, and have sufficient time allocated to planning and feasibility assessments to avoid some amendments. This may improve clinical trial efficiency, to benefit the trial participants, researchers, funders, sponsors, and regulatory bodies, and potentially bring new treatments to patients faster.
What is the efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention for Deaf signing populations in comparison to face-to-face interventions? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rogers Katherine Danielle , Lovell Karina , Young Alys
Published: September 2022

Background
Deaf signing populations face inequality in both access to health service and health outcomes. Telemedicine intervention might offer a potential solution to address these inequalities in mental health and health related services, therefore a systematic review was carried out. The review question was: “What is the efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention for Deaf signing populations in comparison to face-to-face interventions?”.
Methods
The PICO framework was applied to identify the components of the review question for this study. The inclusion criteria were: Deaf signing populations; any intervention that includes the delivery of telemedicine therapy and/or the delivery of assessment (e.g. psychological assessments) using telemedicine; and any evidence for the benefits, efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention with Deaf people whether in health and/or mental health services.
Results
Following the search strategy, and after the duplicates were removed, 247 records were reviewed. Records of 232 were removed as they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and the remaining 15 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After the screening of full text articles, only two met the inclusion criteria for the review (both concerned telemedicine and mental health interventions). However, they do not fully answer the review’s research question. Therefore, the evidence gaps, including the effectiveness of the intervention for Deaf people, such as whether psychological therapy using telemedicine made a difference or not when compared to face-to-face therapy.
Conclusions
This review has identified the gap in the knowledge on the efficacy and effectiveness of telemedicine intervention for Deaf people when compared with face-to-face interventions.
A-scan parameters and risk of phacomorphic glaucoma among kazakh population
Authors: Zhumageldiyeva Farida , Dzhumataeva Zaure , Suleymenov Marat , Utelbayeva Zauresh , Teleuova Tynyskul
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors parameters associated with PG in patients with mature cataract by comparing biometric parameters of contralateral eyes of patients with PG with eyes of patients with mature cataract.Methods: This retrospective case - control study included 71 affected eyes with PG, 311 eyes of control participants and 71 contralateral eyes with PG. All participants were ethnically Kazakh. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) were measured using A-scan ultrasound biometry. To determine the cut-off value of the A-scan parameters associated with PG, we performed ROC analysis. Results: The eyes with PG had the smallest AL, ACD and the largest LT, followed by the fellow eyes with PG and control eyes. There were no differences in age and sex between patients with PG and mature cataract. After adjustment for age and other A-scan parameters, continuous measures of AL and LT were associated with PG (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38 – 0.73, P < 0.001; OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.64 – 6.912, P = 0.001). When A-scan parameters were dichotomized according to the identified best-cut off, ACD less than 2.9 mm was strongly related to PG (OR 10.981, 95% CI 1.405 – 85.798, P < 0.001) as well as LT thicker than 4.8 mm (OR 29.245, 95% CI 11.212 – 76.283, P < 0.001).Conclusions: We found that shorter AL, shallow ACD, and thick lens are risk factors for PG.
Biotreatment of azo dye containing textile industry effluent by a developed bacterial consortium immobilised on brick pieces in an indigenously designed packed bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Agrawal Shweta , Tipre Devayani , Dave Shailesh R.
Published: September 2022

This study highlights the development of a lab-scale, indigenously designed; Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactors (PBBR) packed with brick pieces. The developed biofilm in the reactor was used for the decolourisation and biodegradation of the textile industry effluent. The PBBR was continuously operated for 264 days, during which 301 cycles of batch and continuous treatment were operated. In batch mode under optimised conditions, more than 99% dye decolourisation and ≥92% COD reduction were achieved in 6 h of contact time upon supplementation of effluent with 0.25 g L-1 glucose, 0.25 g L-1 urea, and 0.1 g L-1 phosphates. A decolourisation rate of 133.94 ADMI units h-1 was achieved in the process. PBBR, when operated in continuous mode, showed ≥95% and ≥92% reduction in ADMI and COD values. Subsequent aeration and passage through charcoal reactor assisted in achieving ≥96 % reduction in COD and ADMI values. An overall increase of 81% in dye-laden effluent decolourisation rate, from 62 mg L-1 h-1 to 262 mg L-1 h-1, was observed upon increasing the flow rate from 18 mL h-1 to 210 mL h-1. Dye biodegradation was determined by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy and toxicity study. SEM analysis showed the morphology of the attached-growth biofilm.
Total column ozone (O 3 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) via satellite and their relationship with the burned area and climatic data in biomes of Central-West Brazil
Authors: Souza Amaury , Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco , Abreu Marcel Carvalho , Lyra Gustavo Bastos , Fraga Micael Souza , Dumka Umesh Chandra
Published: September 2022

The total column ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels based on the satellite remote sensing for a period from 2005 to 2020 along with air temperature, rainfall and burned area in three biomes (Cerrado, Pantanal, and Atlantic Forest) from Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil was evaluated. The annual variations of O3 ranged from 260 DU for the Pantanal to 347 DU for the Cerrado. Whereas the NO2 concentrations ranged from 2.95×1015 molecules for the Cerrado to 3.01×1015 molecules for the Atlantic Forest. The differences between NO2 and O3 concentrations on monthly and seasonal time scales, with higher values during the dry period (between July and October). The NO2 and O3 concentrations positively correlated with the burn areas in Pantanal and Cerrado, while the rainfall negatively correlated with these gases’ concentrations in these biomes The first principal component in all biomes is a comparison between rainfall and NO2, O3, a burned area, and air temperature with higher values of eigenvalues for the burned area in Pantanal, followed by Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, indicating more fires in Pantanal. Rainfall showed the highest value in the first principal components (PC). The second component in the Atlantic Forest was a balance between rainfall and air temperature with NO2, O3 and burned area. In the Cerrado and Pantanal, a comparison is made between burned area and NO2, with rainfall, air temperature and O3. There are differences in the behavior of NO2 and O3 concentrations in biomes, driven by different environmental and anthropic variables.
Circumferential spatial tooth profile modification of flexspline for harmonic drive: A novel method and a case study
Authors: Huang Jianzhong , Xu Jiuhua , Qian Ning , Wei Shenghui
Published: September 2022

Harmonic drive is widely used in the industrial robotics field due to the excellent deceleration performance. The tooth modification of the flexspline in the harmonic drive faces a great challenge. In this paper, a novel spatial tooth profile modification method along the circumferential direction of flexspline for a harmonic drive is proposed. Through the hob circumferential offset, the tooth profile rotates and the tooth thickness of interference part is reduced, then the spatial meshing is realized. The circumferential modification method has a small change of meshing point position and small pressure angle, which is beneficial to maintain the trans-mission accuracy and improve the service life of the harmonic drive. In addition, the relation model of spatial motion between hob and flexspline, and the relation between tooth profile and modification quantity are studied. Two main factors, circumferential modification quantity and radius of flexspline indexing circle on circumferential modification are analyzed. Afterward, the novel stepwise modification of the circumferential spatial tooth profile of flexspline is introduced. Finally, a case study of circumferential spatial tooth profile modification of flexspline for harmonic drive is conducted to show the advantages of the proposed modification method.
Air pollution and CHD-related hospital visits in Beijing, China: time-series analysis using a generalized additive model
Authors: Gao Yuan , Sheng Weixuan , Yang Yongtao
Published: September 2022

Objective To investigate correlations between environmental and meteorological factors and frequency of presentation for coronary heart disease (CHD) in Beijing.Methods Daily measurements of levels of six atmospheric pollutants were made, data relating to meteorological conditions collected and CHD-related outpatient visits recorded from January 2015 to December 2019 in Beijing. A time-series analysis was made, using a generalized additive model with Poisson distribution, and R 3.6.3 software was used to estimate relationships among levels of atmospheric pollutants, ambient temperature and visits occasioned by CHD. Results were controlled for time-dependent trend, other weather variables, day of the week and holiday effects. RStudio software was used to generate Spearman correlation coefficients in descriptive statistical analysis. Lag-response curves were plotted for specific and incremental cumulative effects of relative risk (RR). The aim was to correlate meteorological-environmental factors and the daily number of CHD-related hospital visits and to quantify the degree of correlation to identify any pathological associations.. Response diagrams and three-dimensional diagrams of predicted exposure lag effects were constructed in order to evaluate relationships among the parameters of air pollution，temperature and daily CHD visits. The fitted model was employed to predict the lag RR and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for specific and incremental cumulative effects of random air pollutants at random concentrations. This model may then be used to predict effects on the outcome variable at any concentration of any defined pollutant, giving flexibility for public health purposes.Results The overall lag-response RR curves for the specific cumulative effects of the pollutants, particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2, were statistically significant and for PM2.5, PM10, CO and NO2, the overall lag-response RR curves for the incremental cumulative effect were statistically significant. When PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 concentrations were above threshold values and the temperature was below 45°F (reference value 70°F), the number of CHD-related hospital visits increased with a time lag effect.Conclusion Elevated PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 concentrations in the atmosphere combined and low ambient temperature increased the risk of CHD with a time lag effect.
Impact assessment of crude oil mix, electricity generation mix and vehicle technology on road freight emission reduction in China
Authors: Jiang Zhijuan , Yan Rui , Gong Zaiwu , Guan Gaofeng
Published: September 2022

In order to achieve net zero emissions, the global transportation sector needs to reduce emissions by 90% from 2020 to 2050, and road freight has a significant potential to reduce emissions. In this context, emission reduction paths should be explored for road freight over the fuel life cycle. Based on panel data from 2015 to 2020 in China, China's version of the GREET model was established to evaluate the impact of the crude oil mix, electricity mix, and vehicle technology on China's reduction in road freight emissions. The results show that the import share of China's crude oil has increased from 2015 to 2020, resulting in an increase in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of ICETs in the well-to-tank (WTT) stage by 7.3% in 2020 compared with 2015. Second, the share of China's coal-fired electricity in the electricity mix decreased from 2015 to 2020, reducing the GHG emission intensity of battery electric trucks (BETs), which is approximately 6.5% lower in 2020 than in 2015. Third, different vehicle classes and types of BETs and fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs) have different emission reduction effects, and their potential for energy-saving and emission reduction at various stages of the fuel lifecycle are different. In addition, in a comparative study of the vehicle technology, the results show that: (1) for medium-duty truck (MDT) and heavy-duty truck (HDT), FCETs have lower GHG emission intensity than BETs, and replacing diesel-ICETs can significantly reduce GHG emissions from road freight; (2) for light-duty truck (LDT), BETs and FCETs have the highest GHG emission reduction potential; thus, improving technologies such as electricity generation, hydrogen fuel production, hydrogen fuel storage, and transportation will help to improve the emission reduction capabilities of BETs and FCETs. Therefore, policymakers should develop emission standards for road freight based on vehicle class, type, and technology.
Proof-of-principle studies on a strategy to enhance nucleotide imbalance specifically in cancer cells
Authors: Lain Sonia , Alkasalias Twana , Zhang Juan , Madapura Harsha , Dalaroun Basile , Reina Oscar Bedoya , Lewensohn Rolf , Viktorsson Kristina , Salihi Abbas , Darekar Suhas
Published: September 2022

Highly specific and potent inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an essential enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis pathway, are in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases, viral infections and cancer. However, because DHODH inhibitors (DHODHi) are immunosuppressants they may reduce the anticancer activity of the immune system. Therefore, there may be a need to improve the therapeutic index of DHODHi in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to find strategies to protect activated T cells from DHODHi and to identify cancer types hypersensitive to these inhibitors. First, we observed that like uridine supplementation, adding cytidine to the culture medium protects T cells from DHODH blockage. Next, we identified tumor types with altered expression of pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis enzymes. In this regard, we detected that the expression of cytidine deaminase (CDA), which converts cytidine into uridine, is low in an important proportion of cancer cell lines and consistently low in neuroblastoma samples and in cell lines from neuroblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. This suggested that in the presence of a DHODHi, an excess of cytidine would be deleterious for low CDA expressing cancer cell lines. We show that this was the case (as could be seen almost immediately after treatment) when cells were cultured with fetal bovine serum but, was significantly less evident when cultures contained human serum. One interesting feature of CDA is that aside from acting intracellularly, it is also present in human plasma/serum. Altogether, experiments using recombinant CDA, human serum, pharmacologic inhibition of CDA and T cell/cancer cell co-cultures suggest that the therapeutic index of DHODHi could be improved by selecting patients with low-CDA expressing cancers in combination with strategies to increase cytidine or the cytidine/uridine ratio in the extracellular environment. Collectively, this proof-of-principle study warrants the discovery of agents to deplete extracellular CDA.
Role of father involvement, co-parenting relationship quality, and father’s work hours in social-emotional behavioral outcomes of children in the Pakistani cultural context
Authors: khawaja maham , Malik Tamkeen Ashraf , Masood-ul-Hassan Samara
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationship between father involvement, co-parenting relationship quality, and social-emotional behaviors of children in the collectivistic, patriarchal societal context of Pakistan. The study is a correlational study that was conducted on children and adolescents ages 4-17. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect data from 160 fathers, who gave information about their involvement in child-rearing activities, co-parenting relationship quality with their wives, and child social-emotional behaviors. The results indicated that father involvement has a negative correlation (r= .11; P= .07) with child problem behaviors, and a significant positive correlation with child pro-social behaviors (r= .15; P= .04). Whereas, co-parenting relationship quality had a significant negative correlation of (r= .30; P=.00) with child problem behaviors and a significant positive correlation of (r= .29; P=.00) with child pro-social behaviors. Results of the moderated mediational analysis showed that co-parenting relationship quality does not mediate the relationship (B= .014, p= .74) between father involvement and child pro-social behavior, but working hours of father do moderate the relationship (B= .014, p= .02). In conclusion, it can be stated that flexibility in the work hours of fathers and helping them be involved with their families can aid the healthy development of children and families in Pakistan.
Single planar photonic chip with tailored angular transmission for multiple-order analog spatial differentiator
Authors: Liu Yang , Huang Mingchuan , Chen Qiankun , Zhang Douguo
Published: September 2022

Analog spatial differentiation is used to realize edge-based enhancement, which plays an important role in data compression, microscopy, and computer vision applications. Here, a planar chip made from dielectric multilayers is proposed to operate as both first- and second-order spatial differentiator without any need to change the structural parameters. Third- and fourth-order differentiations that have never been realized before, are also experimentally demonstrated with this chip. A theoretical analysis is proposed to explain the experimental results, which furtherly reveals that more differentiations can be achieved. Taking advantages of its differentiation capability, when this chip is incorporated into conventional imaging systems as a substrate, it enhances the edges of features in optical amplitude and phase images, thus expanding the functions of standard microscopes. This planar chip offers the advantages of a thin form factor and a multifunctional wave-based analogue computing ability, which will bring opportunities in optical imaging and computing.
The effect of chitosan-assembled graphene oxide on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposites
Authors: Shahsavar Fahimeh , Babaei Amir
Published: September 2022

The present study explores the effect of chitosan-assembled graphene oxide on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposites. To this end, firstly, CS-assembled graphene oxide sheets were synthesized, subsequently, the effect of the addition of various amounts of GO-CS nanohybrid and also GO sheets on the rheological, and mechanical performance of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposites was investigated. It was observed that the incorporation of GO sheets caused dual roles based on the amount of addition: the motion-limiting role and the lubricating role. Additionally, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PCL nanocomposite films containing GO-CS nanohybrid and GO sheets increased as compared to pure PCL while its influence in terms of elongation at break was the opposite. Chitosan assembly to conventional nanoparticles (e.g., GO) was found as an interesting approach for the simultaneous enhancement of mechanical performance and processability of polymer matrices for a vast range of applications, especially in packaging and tissue engineering.
Morphometry of Neogene mass transport deposits of the continental slopes of Cabo Frio High, frontier region of Santos and Campos basins
Authors: Dionisio Giuliana , Pandolpho Bruna Teixeira , Klein Antonio Henrique Fontoura , Machado Arthur Antônio
Published: September 2022

This study examines the pattern and dimensions of Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs). Multichannel seismic samples data was used for describing the morphology of MTDs as well as the morphometric architecture and genesis of deposits. The study area is dominated by the strong halokinesis and flow of the Brazil Current and in between the Campos and Santos Basins (SW Atlantic upper slope). Results show that this area presents mass transport deposits over single and multiple events (i.e., Mass Transport Complex) deposited since the Neogene and extended throughout an area of nearly 68 km2. The majority of the MTDs are characterized by chaotic and/or transparent internal seismic facies, which it is interpreted as signs of slumps and debris flow deposits. Also, the combination of morphometric parameters and local geological controls allowed us to recognize the possible triggers. Although it cannot determine the exact triggering mechanisms, these deposits are related to local gravitational instabilities such as seismicity and diapir reactivation.
Epigenome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Prenatal Maternal Stressful Life Events and Newborn DNA Methylation
Authors: Brunst Kelly , Ruehlmann Anna K , Sammallahti Sara , Hidalgo Andrea P Cortes , Bakulski Kelly , Binder Elisabeth , Campbell Meghan , Caramaschi Doretta , Cecil Charlotte , Colicino Elena , Cruceanu Cristiana , Czamara Darina , Dieckmann Linda , Dou John , Felix Janine , Frank Josef , Haberg Siri , Herberth Gunda , Hoang Thanh , Houtepan Lotte , Huels Anke , Koen Nastassja , London Stephanie , Magnus Maria , Mancano Giulia , Mulder Rosa , Page Christian , Räikkönen Katri , Roder Stefan , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Send Tabea , Sharp Gemma , Stein Dan , Streit Fabian , Tuhkanen Johanna , Witt Stephanie , Zar Heather , Zenclussen Ana , Zhang Yining , Zillich Lea , Wright Rosalind , Lahti Jari
Published: September 2022

Prenatal maternal stressful life events are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Biologic mechanisms underlying these associations are largely unknown, but DNA methylation likely plays a role. This meta-analysis included twelve datasets from ten pregnancy cohorts (N=5,496) within the international Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics consortium to examine maternal stressful life events during pregnancy and DNA methylation in cord blood. Children whose mothers reported higher levels of cumulative maternal stressful life events during pregnancy exhibited differential methylation of cg26579032 in ALKBH3. Stressor-specific domains of conflict with family/friends, abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional), and death of a close friend/relative were also associated with differential methylation of CpGs in APTX, MyD88, and both UHRF1 and SDCCAG8, respectively; these genes are implicated in neurodegeneration, immune and cellular functions, regulation of global methylation levels, metabolism, and schizophrenia risk. Thus, differences in DNA methylation at these loci may provide novel insights into potential mechanisms of neurodevelopment in offspring.
Titanium Mesh Scaffolding Iliac Crest Bone Grafts to Reconstruct Unilateral Large-Sized Mandibular Contour Defects: A New Approach of an Old Concept
Authors: Al-Watary Mohammed Qasem , He Yingyou , Wang Peng , Chu Yuxian , Wang Yu , Li Jihua
Published: September 2022

Objectives The reconstruction of unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects with no loss of continuity and good occlusion has been a challenge. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of using patient-specific titanium mesh scaffolding avascular pure iliac bone graft in reconstructing these defects.Materials and Methods From December 2017 to December 2020, thirteen patients with unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects treated in Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery Center of West China Stomatology Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patient-specific titanium meshes and mandible models were designed and manufactured by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing based on reverse engineering after mirroring the unaffected mandibular side. Linear and angular measurements comparing preoperative and postoperative mandibular CT scans were used to analyze the symmetries of mandibular contour postoperatively.Results The measurements showed satisfactory 3D symmetries of mandibular contour with significant improvement of the facial symmetry as a whole compared to the preoperative status of all participating patients.Conclusion Titanium mesh scaffolding iliac crest bone graft is a successful and feasible combination for reconstructing unilateral large-sized mandibular contour defects. Clinical Relevance This approach can be added to surgeons’ armamentarium improving the reconstruction outcomes that will improve patients’ quality of life.Level of Evidence: Level II, therapeutic study
Multilayer composite Ti-6Al-4V/Cp-Ti alloys produced by Laser Direct energy Deposition
Authors: Gushchina Marina , Kuzminova Yulia O. , Dubinin Oleg N. , Evlashin Stanislav A. , Vildanov Arthur M. , Klimova-Korsmik Olga G. , Turichin Gleb A.
Published: September 2022

Titanium alloys are one of the most used materials in the medicine, aviation and automotive industry. However, Ti-alloys usually possess poor impact characteristics. One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is to develop graded materials with different mechanical characteristics in different layers. Herein, мultilayer titanium composite comprising alternating Ti-6Al-4V and Cp-Ti layers were produced by laser direct energy deposition. The impact toughness, layer microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. Multilayer composites were heat treated using temperatures 800, 850, 900 ℃. The influence of the sample orientation on the total energy of fracture, the energy of crack initiation and the energy of crack propagation was analyzed. The results, which show a change in multilayer composites impact strength, are attributed to the influence on ductile Cp-Ti layers and fracture energy dissipation at the expense of crack deviation while crossing the interfaces. The results of mechanical tests show the intermediate strength and ductility of composite material in comparison with homogeneous materials of Ti-6Al-4V and Cp-Ti. The developed material demonstrates a practical interest in the development of new types of materials with improved impact loads.
Anatomy of the buccal fat pad for structures at risk during bichatectomy
Authors: Moreno-Salinas Andrea , Treviño-González José Luis , Casas-Murillo Claudio A , Aguilar-Morales Kouatzin , Pinales-Razo Ricardo , Parra-Marquez Miguel De La , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo Enrique , Guzman-Lopez Santos , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To determine the volume of the buccal fat pad (BFP), and its relationship with the upper 2nd molar and the facial artery (FA). Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study. Computed tomography was used to obtain 3D images to determine volume, length, and width. Distances from the 2nd molar to each extension, and the nearest distance to the FA. Results: A total of 106 BFP (70 male) were included. The mean age was 51±21. The mean volume, length, and width were 13.8±5.4mL, 72.9±10.7mm, and 21.4±5.6mm, respectively. The BFP extends mainly cephalic and caudally from the second molar, reaching upto 8.5 cm and 32mL. The mean distance between the second molar and FA was 12.9mm, but as close as 3mm. The FA had a mean distance of 2.1mm to the nearest BFP extension, with 42.5% in intimate contact, and another 9.4% crossing the center of the masseter extension. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes. Conclusions: The BFP has a dynamic shape with highly variable size and volume. Although removed for cosmetic procedures or reconstructive purposes, the FA is often at risk of damage during procedures due to its proximity. Procedures must be performed by highly trained medical professionals with anatomical knowledge of its morphometry and variability.