bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Circuit Breakers Using Influence Diagrams with Interval Probabilities
Authors: Velimirovic Jelena D. , Janjic Aleksandar
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with uncertainty, asymmetric information, and risk modelling in a complex power system. The uncertainty is managed by using probability and decision theory methods. More specifically, influence diagrams—as extended Bayesian network functions with interval probabilities represented through credal sets—were chosen for the predictive modelling scenario of replacing the most critical circuit breakers in optimal time. Namely, based on the available data on circuit breakers and other variables that affect the considered model of a complex power system, a group of experts was able to assess the situation using interval probabilities instead of crisp probabilities. Furthermore, the paper examines how the confidence interval width affects decision-making in this context and eliminates the information asymmetry of different experts. Based on the obtained results for each considered interval width separately on the action to be taken over the considered model in order to minimize the risk of the power system failure, it can be concluded that the proposed approach clearly indicates the advantages of using interval probability when making decisions in systems such as the one considered in this paper.
Commentary on the Special Issue, Systems for Systems: Computational Systems Modeling to Promote Equity and Access in K12 STEM Educational Systems
Authors: Lee Okhee
Published: April 2021

The dual goal of this Special Issue is to highlight the implementation of computational systems modeling tools for K12 science teachers and students and to address equity and access for student groups who have historically been left out of mainstream research on computational systems modeling [...]
A Novel Microbial Zearalenone Transformation through Phosphorylation
Authors: Zhu Yan , Drouin Pascal , Lepp Dion , Li Xiu-Zhen , Zhu Honghui , Castex Mathieu , Zhou Ting
Published: April 2021

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin widely occurring in many agricultural commodities. In this study, a purified bacterial isolate, Bacillus sp. S62-W, obtained from one of 104 corn silage samples from various silos located in the United States, exhibited activity to transform the mycotoxin ZEA. A novel microbial transformation product, ZEA-14-phosphate, was detected, purified, and identified by HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR analyses. The isolate has been identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus according to phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome alignments. The isolate showed high efficacy in transforming ZEA to ZEA-14-phosphate (100% transformation within 24 h) and possessed advantages of acid tolerance (work at pH = 4.0), working under a broad range of temperatures (22–42 °C), and a capability of transforming ZEA at high concentrations (up to 200 µg/mL). In addition, 23 Bacillus strains of various species were tested for their ZEA phosphorylation activity. Thirteen of the Bacillus strains showed phosphorylation functionality at an efficacy of between 20.3% and 99.4% after 24 h incubation, suggesting the metabolism pathway is widely conserved in Bacillus spp. This study established a new transformation system for potential application of controlling ZEA although the metabolism and toxicity of ZEA-14-phosphate requires further investigation.
Multi-Field versus Single-Field in the Supergravity Models of Inflation and Primordial Black Holes
Authors: Ketov Sergei
Published: April 2021

We review the models unifying inflation and Primordial Black Hole (PBH) formation, which are based on the modified (Starobinsky-type) supergravity. We begin with the basic (Starobinsky) inflationary model of modified gravity and its alpha-attractor-type generalizations for PBH production, and recall how all those single-field models can be embedded into the minimal supergravity. Then, we focus on the effective two-field models arising from the modified (Starobinsky-type) supergravity and compare them to the single-field models under review. Those two-field models describe double inflation whose first stage is driven by Starobinsky’s scalaron and whose second stage is driven by another scalar belonging to the supergravity multiplet. The power spectra are numerically computed, and it is found that the ultra-slow-roll regime gives rise to the enhancement (peak) in the scalar power spectrum leading to an efficient PBH formation. The resulting PBH masses and their density fraction (as part of dark matter) are found to be in agreement with cosmological observations. The PBH-induced gravitational waves, if any, are shown to be detectable by the ground-based and space-based gravitational interferometers under construction.
Alcohol Consumption and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA Levels in HIV/HCV Coinfected Patients
Authors: Fuster Daniel , Nunes David , Cheng Debbie M. , Saitz Richard , Samet Jeffrey H.
Published: April 2021

Background: The impact of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels on the evolution of chronic HCV infection-related liver damage is controversial. Heavy alcohol use is believed to have a deleterious impact on the course of HCV disease, but current knowledge about the possible effect of alcohol use on HCV RNA levels in HIV/HCV coinfected patients is limited. Methods: We examined 107 HIV/HCV-infected individuals with current or past unhealthy alcohol use to assess the association between alcohol consumption (any drinking vs. abstinent) and HCV RNA levels. Results: Participants were 75% male, with a mean age of 43 years, and 63% were on antiretroviral therapy. Mean (SD) log HIV RNA was 3.1 (1.4) and mean (SD) log HCV RNA was 6.1 (0.8). Past-month alcohol use was present in 38% of participants. In a multivariable linear regression analysis we found no significant differences in mean log HCV RNA levels between those reporting alcohol use and those who were abstinent [β (95%CI): −0.04 (−0.34, 0.26), p = 0.79)]. There was no significant association between any heavy drinking day and HCV RNA level (0.07, 95% CI: (−0.24, 0.38), p = 0.66). Conclusions: We did not detect significant associations between alcohol use and HCV RNA levels among HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
SARS-CoV-2 and Placenta: New Insights and Perspectives
Authors: Resta Leonardo , Vimercati Antonella , Cazzato Gerardo , Mazzia Giulia , Cicinelli Ettore , Colagrande Anna , Fanelli Margherita , Scarcella Sara Vincenza , Ceci Oronzo , Rossi Roberta
Published: April 2021

The study of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women is of some importance for gynecologists, obstetricians, neonatologists and women themselves. In recent months, new works have tried to clarify what happens at the fetal–placental level in women positive for the virus, and different pathogenesis mechanisms have been proposed. Here, we present the results of a large series of placentas of Coronavirus disease (COVID) positive women, in a reference center for COVID-positive pregnancies, on which we conducted histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy investigations. A case–control study was conducted in order to highlight any histopathological alterations attributable to SARS-CoV-2. The prevalence of maternal vascular malperfusion was not significantly different between cases and controls (54.3% vs. 43.7% p = 0.19), whereas the differences with regard to fetal vascular malperfusion (21.1% vs. 4.2% p < 0.001) were significant. More frequent in cases with respect to controls were decidual arteriopathy (40.9% vs. 1.4% p < 0.0001), decidual inflammation (32.4% vs. 0.7% p < 0.0001), perivillous fibrin deposition (36.6% vs. 3.5% p < 0.0001) and fetal vessel thrombi (22.5% vs. 0.7% p < 0.0001). No significant differences in the percentage of terminal villous hyperplasia and chorioamnionitis were observed between the two groups. As the pandemic continues, these studies will become more urgent in order to clarify the possible mechanism of maternal–fetal transmission of the virus.
Novel Virulent Bacteriophages Infecting Mediterranean Isolates of the Plant Pest Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas albilineans
Authors: Clavijo-Coppens Fernando , Ginet Nicolas , Cesbron Sophie , Briand Martial , Jacques Marie-Agnès , Ansaldi Mireille
Published: April 2021

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a plant pathogen causing significant losses in agriculture worldwide. Originating from America, this bacterium caused recent epidemics in southern Europe and is thus considered an emerging pathogen. As the European regulations do not authorize antibiotic treatment in plants, alternative treatments are urgently needed to control the spread of the pathogen and eventually to cure infected crops. One such alternative is the use of phage therapy, developed more than 100 years ago to cure human dysentery and nowadays adapted to agriculture. The first step towards phage therapy is the isolation of the appropriate bacteriophages. With this goal, we searched for phages able to infect Xf strains that are endemic in the Mediterranean area. However, as Xf is truly a fastidious organism, we chose the phylogenetically closest and relatively fast-growing organism X. albineans as a surrogate host for the isolation step. Our results showed the isolation from various sources and preliminary characterization of several phages active on different Xf strains, namely, from the fastidiosa (Xff), multiplex (Xfm), and pauca (Xfp) subspecies, as well as on X. albilineans. We sequenced their genomes, described their genomic features, and provided a phylogeny analysis that allowed us to propose new taxonomic elements. Among the 14 genomes sequenced, we could identify two new phage species, belonging to two new genera of the Caudoviricetes order, namely, Usmevirus (Podoviridae family) and Subavirus (Siphoviridae family). Interestingly, no specific phages could be isolated from infected plant samples, whereas one was isolated from vector insects captured in a contaminated area, and several from surface and sewage waters from the Marseille area.
Adjuvant HPV Vaccination to Prevent Recurrent Cervical Dysplasia after Surgical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Di Donato Violante , Caruso Giuseppe , Petrillo Marco , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Palaia Innocenza , Perniola Giorgia , Plotti Francesco , Angioli Roberto , Muzii Ludovico , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Bogani Giorgio
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to discuss evidence supporting the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in reducing the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or greater after surgical treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed for studies reporting the impact of HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrence of CIN 2+ after surgical excision. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. In total, 21,310 patients were included: 4039 (19%) received peri-operational adjuvant HPV vaccination while 17,271 (81%) received surgery alone. The recurrence of CIN 2+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.21–0.56; p < 0.0001). The recurrence of CIN 1+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.31–0.83; p = 0.006). A non-significant trend of reduction rate of HPV persistence was observed in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated cohorts (OR was 0.84; 95% CI 0.61–1.15; p = 0.28). Conclusions: HPV vaccination, in adjuvant setting, is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent CIN 1+ and CIN 2+ after surgical treatment.
COVID-19 Vaccination Intent and Willingness to Pay in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kabir Russell , Mahmud Ilias , Chowdhury Mohammad Tawfique Hossain , Vinnakota Divya , Jahan Shah Saif , Siddika Nazeeba , Isha Samia Naz , Nath Sujan Kanti , Hoque Apu Ehsanul
Published: April 2021

This article reports the intent to receive a SARS-COV-2 vaccine, its predictors and willingness to pay in Bangladesh. We carried out an online cross-sectional survey of 697 adults from the general population of Bangladesh in January 2021. A structured questionnaire was used to assess vaccination intent. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables and health belief model constructs which may predict vaccination intent. Among the participants, 26% demonstrated a definite intent, 43% probable intent, 24% probable negative, and 7% a definite negative intention. Multivariable logistic regression analyses suggest an association between definite intent and previous COVID-19 infection (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.71–4.78), perceiving COVID-19 as serious (OR: 1.93; 1.04–3.59), the belief that vaccination would make them feel less worried about catching COVID-19 (OR: 4.42; 2.25–8.68), and concerns about vaccine affordability (OR: 1.51; 1.01–2.25). Individuals afraid of the side effects (OR: 0.34; 0.21–0.53) and those who would take the vaccine if the vaccine were taken by many others (OR: 0.44; 0.29–0.67) are less likely to have a definite intent. A definite negative intent is associated with the concern that the vaccine may not be halal (OR: 2.03; 1.04–3.96). Furthermore, 68.4% are willing to pay for the vaccine. The median amount that they are willing to pay is USD 7.08. The study findings reveal that the definite intent to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among the general population varies depending on their COVID-19-related health beliefs and no significant association was found with sociodemographic variables.
Photocatalytic Bactericidal Performance of LaFeO3 under Solar Light: Kinetics, Spectroscopic and Mechanistic Evaluation
Authors: Birben Nazmiye , Lale Ezgi , Pelosato Renato , Uyguner Demirel Ceyda , Natali Sora Isabella , Bekbolet Miray
Published: April 2021

Lanthanum orthoferrites are a versatile class of catalysts. Here, the photocatalytic bactericidal performance of LaFeO3 (LF) to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms, i.e., Escherichia coli (E. coli), in water under simulated solar irradiation conditions was investigated. Various competing and contributing factors were covered to visualize the reaction medium consisting of E. coli K12 cells, organic sub-fractions formed by cell destruction, and LF surface. LF solar photocatalytic inactivation (SPCI) kinetics revealed the highest inactivation rate in ultrapure water as expected, followed by distilled water (DW), aqueous solution containing anions and cations (WM) and saline solution (SS). Characterization of the released organic matter was achieved by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques as well as organic carbon contents (DOC). Upon SPCI, significant amounts of K+ along with released protein contents were detected expressing cell wall destruction and lysis. Under the specified experimental conditions, in the presence of released intracellular organic and inorganic components via cell lysis, a significant count of E. coli was still present in SS, whereas almost all bacteria were removed in other matrices due to various challenging reasons. Based on the presented data, SPCI of E. coli using LF as a novel photocatalyst was successfully demonstrated as an alternative and promising method for disinfection purposes.
Incorporating Stakeholder Knowledge into a Complex Stock Assessment Model: The Case of Eel Recruitment
Authors: Drouineau Hilaire , Vanacker Marie , Diaz Estibaliz , Mateo Maria , Korta Maria , Antunes Carlos , Delgado Carlos , Domingos Isabel , Zamora Lluis , Beaulaton Laurent , Lambert Patrick , Briand Cédric
Published: April 2021

Mistrust between scientists and non-scientist stakeholders is a key challenge in fishery management. The support of management with complex models is difficult, as these models cannot easily communicate their results to end users, resulting in a lack of confidence. As an example, the complex life cycle of the European eel raises problems of coordination and discussion among the multiple actors involved in the species’ management. The GEREM model has been proposed as a tool for estimating recruitment, but its complexity, which is essential for addressing the characteristics of the species, makes it difficult to understand and accept by all stakeholders. In the context of the SUDOANG project, we proposed a co-parametrisation of this assessment model to tackle this mistrust. Through the use of various questionnaires, stakeholders were involved in two important choices for the model (zone definition and prior construction). Regular workshops and presentations were organised to explain the model rationales and to gather feedback and expectations. The results show that stakeholders have very similar perceptions of the potential definitions of sub-areas of recruitment in south-western Europe, and these perceptions are consistent with the underlying environmental conditions. On the other hand, the stakeholders have contrasting opinions about the exploitation rates of fisheries in different river basins, and the use of their knowledge currently has little effect on GEREM estimates. More importantly, the overall approach of this study is thought to have reconstructed the trust and confidence among participants.
Laboratory Physical Experiments on the Saltwater Upconing and Recovery of Island Freshwater Lenses: Case Study of a Coral Island, China
Authors: Li Yuxi , Shu Longcang , Zhen Li , Li Hu , Wang Ran , Opoku Portia Annabelle
Published: April 2021

The research of saltwater upconing is crucial for the development and utilization of island freshwater resources. In this paper, a laboratory physical experiment device was developed, and the saltwater upconing and recovery of island freshwater lenses were investigated using rainfall simulations and single-well and multi-well pumping tests with various pumping intensities. The results of the experiment revealed that: (1) The thickness of the freshwater lens increased continuously and linearly during the early stages of rainfall. As the rainfall continued, the upward trend slowed and eventually leveled off. (2) Under the same pumping duration, when the pumping intensity was less than the critical pumping intensity, the increasing height rate of the saltwater upconing increased linearly at a small gradient, and when the pumping intensity was greater than the critical value, the rising height rate of the saltwater upconing increased linearly at a large gradient. (3) Under the same pumping intensity conditions, the pumping duration of the multi-well was longer than that of the single-well pumping, and the pumping volume of the multi-well was also greater than that of the single-well pumping. The experiment results can provide support for the development and utilization of island freshwater lens.
A Unique Approach on How to Work Around the Common Uncertainties of Local Field Data in the PERSiST Hydrological Model
Authors: Deutscher Jan , Hemr Ondřej , Kupec Petr
Published: April 2021

In the last two decades, the effects of global climate change have caused a continuous drying out of temperate landscapes. One way in which drying out has manifested is as a visible decrease in the streamflow in the water recipients. This article aims to answer the questions of how severe this streamflow decrease is and what is its main cause. The article is based on the analysis of daily streamflow, temperature, and precipitation data during five years (1 November 2014 to 31 October 2019) in a spruce-dominated temperate upland catchment located in the Czech Republic. Streamflow values were modeled in the PERSiST hydrological model using precipitation and temperature values obtained from the observational E-OBS gridded dataset and calibrated against in situ measured discharge. Our modeling exercise results show that the trend of decreasing water amounts in forest streams was very significant in the five-year study period, as shown in the example of the experimental catchment Křtiny, where it reached over −65%. This trend is most likely caused by increasing temperature. An unexpected disproportion was found in the ratio of increasing temperature to decreasing discharge during the growing seasons, which can be simplified to an increasing trend in the mean daily temperature of +1% per season, effectively causing a decreasing trend in the discharge of −10% per season regardless of the increasing precipitation during the period.
Evaluating the Impacts of Rice-Based Protection Dykes on Floodwater Dynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta Using Geographical Impact Factor (GIF)
Authors: Vu Hoang Thai Duong , Trinh Van Cong , Tran Dung Duc , Oberle Peter , Hinz Stefan , Nestmann Franz
Published: April 2021

This study aims at evaluating the geographical influences of rice-based protection dykes on floodwater regimes along the main rivers, namely the Mekong and the Bassac, in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Specifically, numerous low dykes and high dykes have been constructed particularly in the upper delta’s floodplains to protect the double and triple rice cropping against the annual flooding. For the whole deltaic domain, a 1D-quasi-2D hydrodynamic model setup was used to simulate seventy-two (72) scenarios of dyke construction development in the context of low, medium, and high floods that occurred in the VMD to examine the effects of different flood magnitudes on a certain dyke construction area. Based on the model simulation results, we established an evaluation indicator, the so-called Geographical Impact Factor (GIF), to evaluate the impacts of zone-based dyke compartments on the floodwater regimes along the main rivers for different kinds of floods. Our findings revealed different rates of influences on the floodwater levels along the Mekong and Bassac Rivers under different scenarios of zone-based high-dyke developments. GIF is a useful index for scientists and decision-makers in land use planning, especially in rice intensification, in conjunction with flood management for the VMD and for similar deltas worldwide.
Interpersonal Conflict over Water Is Associated with Household Demographics, Domains of Water Insecurity, and Regional Conflict: Evidence from Nine Sites across Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Pearson Amber , Mack Elizabeth , Ross Amanda , Marcantonio Richard , Zimmer Andrew , Bunting Erin , Smith Audrey , Miller Joshua , Evans Tom ,   The HWISE Research Coordination Network
Published: April 2021

Water insecurity may precipitate interpersonal conflict, although no studies to date have rigorously examined these relationships. We examined relationships between household demographics, water insecurity, regional conflict, and interpersonal conflict over water. Using survey data from eight sub-Saharan African countries, we found that interpersonal conflict within and outside the home is associated with multiple domains of water insecurity, particularly accessibility. Furthermore, we found that higher levels of remote violence and protests are associated with greater within household conflict, whereas riots and violent armed conflict are associated with greater conflict between neighbors. Our findings expand upon the current literature by examining factors affecting interpersonal conflict over water, which may become increasingly important as precipitation patterns and land temperatures change in this region.
An improved model for investigating the vibration characteristics of ball bearing owing to outer race waviness under high speed
Authors: Hou Pingping , Wang Liqin , Xie Zhijie , Peng Qiuyang
Published: April 2021

In this study, an improved model for a ball bearing is established to investigate the vibration response characteristics owing to outer race waviness under an axial load and high speed. The mathematical ball bearing model involves the motions of the inner ring, outer ring, and rolling
elements in the radial XY plane and axial z direction. The 2Nb + 5 nonlinear differential governing equations of the ball bearing are derived from Lagrange's equation. The influence of rotational speed and outer race waviness is considered. The outer race waviness is modeled as a superposition
of sinusoidal function and affects both the contact deformation between the outer raceway and rolling elements and initial clearance. The MATLAB stiff solver ODE is utilized to solve the differential equations. The simulated results show that the axial vibration frequency occurred at l fc
and the radial vibration frequencies appeared at l fc fc when the outer race waviness of the order (l) was the multiple of the number of rolling elements (k Nb) and that the principal vibration frequencies were observed at l fc fc in the radial x direction when the outer race waviness of the
order (l) was one higher or one lower than the multiple of the number of rolling elements (k Nb 1). At last, the validity of the proposed ball bearing model was verified by the high-speed vibration measurement tests of ball bearings.
Gestión pedagógica y calidad educativa en una universidad pública del Perú
Authors: Bedoya Campos Yris Yolanda , Salinas Loarte Edgar Augusto , Palomino Torres Edgardo Félix , Sánchez Solis Yuri
Published: April 2021

El Objetivo general de la investigación es identificar la relación existente entre la gestión pedagógica y la calidad educativa en la Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Ucayali. La metodología aplicada se basó en un diseño no experimental, de tipo de campo con niveles descriptivo, explicativo, analítico, sintético y estadístico. Los resultados se basaron en el análisis de los factores que influyen en la gestión pedagógica como fundamentación académica, organización e implementación, desarrollo curricular y supervisión y control de calidad. Como conclusión, la gestión pedagógica se relaciona negativamente con la calidad educativa en la Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Ucayali, debido principalmente a dos factores: uno es que los docentes muestran desinterés en aplicar y analizar los documentos pertinentes para el desarrollo de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y el otro es que las autoridades no realizan o ejecutan de manera pertinente la gestión pedagógica para el desarrollo de una calidad educativa.
La resolución de problemas y el desarrollo del pensamiento matemático
Authors: Vargas Rojas Wilver
Published: April 2021

La resolución de problemas y el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico erróneamente son concebidos y abordados de manera causal. Siendo que al caracterizar la enseñanza aprendizaje de la Matemática en una institución escolar se evidencia que los estudiantes no resuelven problemas lógico matemático. Frente a ello, se propone una metodología de enseñanza aprendizaje de la Matemática orientada al desarrollo del pensamiento lógico matemático. La investigación se valió de la observación científica, el procesamiento dialéctico y el deductivo de la información, para finalmente arribar a una propuesta centrada en el aprendizaje desarrollador y sus dimensiones activación – regulación, significatividad y motivación, conjuncionado con las seis etapas o momentos de la función instructiva del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje que son la esencia de la propuesta metodológica, integrando de esta manera la instrucción y el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico Matemático.
Resiliencia educativa: Influencia en la lectoescritura en niños con estado de vulnerabilidad de EGB. Media
Authors: Palate Chango Jenny Karina , Rosero Morales Elena del Rocío
Published: April 2021

Durante los últimos tiempos el bajo nivel económico, el escaso acceso a la salud y educación bajo condiciones adversas de vulnerabilidad son factores externos que dificultan la capacidad del estudiante en la educación, procesamiento de información, capacidad de análisis, síntesis y comprensión lectora, los objetivos propuestos son; fundamentar teóricamente a la resiliencia educativa como influencia en la lectoescritura en niños con estado de vulnerabilidad de EGB. Media, para determinar cómo incide la resiliencia educativa en la lectoescritura en niños y relacionar a la resiliencia educativa como influencia en la lectoescritura en niños en estado de vulnerabilidad, bajo la modalidad de investigación de tipo cualitativa al describir de forma narrativa estudios bibliográficos; de entre las conclusiones se obtiene que para procesos de lectoescritura de los niños se deben presentar óptimas condiciones escolares, familiares y emocionales, afectado más aun a niños que por factores biopsicosociales se encuentran inestables sin resiliencia educativa por encontrarse en vulnerabilidad.
Semelhança com manipulações homotéticas
Authors:   , Abreu Elias da Costa
Published: April 2021

Essa pesquisa investigou de que modo o conceito de semelhança é constituído por intermédio de uma metodologia de cunho investigativo com base na transformação geométrica de homotetia. Neste propósito, fomos a campo buscando compreender, sob o crivo da Fenomenologia, como discentes que cursavam o 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental vivenciariam uma sequência de atividades abertas frente a materiais manipulativos. Os resultados obtidos foram categorizados em grupos de convergências e sugerem possibilidades alternativas para a constituição do conhecimento mediante adoção de uma nova abordagem epistemológica para a Geometria que abre caminhos para novas práticas escolares. Evidenciou-se também que a transformação geométrica de homotetia mostrou-se eficaz na constituição de um ambiente didático-pedagógico favorável à produção do conhecimento ao oportunizar o fazer geométrico de modo coletivo.
Papeles y ciudadanías
Authors: Rodrigo Federico
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo buscamos abordar el interrogante por los efectos de autoridad que produce el Estado en diferentes procesos sociales, a partir de centrarnos en la productividad de las documentaciones que emite. Nuestro argumento central es que las certificaciones (especialmente los DNI, pero también títulos de propiedad, constancias tributarias, entre otros) son un elemento fundamental del posicionamiento ciudadano, pero de un modo no necesariamente previsto institucionalmente. Tomando experiencias de campo en distintos conflictos que protagonizaron migrantes bolivianos/as –y sus asociaciones- en la ciudad de La Plata, observamos que mientras que por un lado las documentaciones operan como clivajes ineludibles de la dinámica social, por el otro, su apropiación –y, en ciertas circunstancias, su rechazo- hace parte de la producción de ciudadanías inesperadas y alternativas a los parámetros oficiales. De esta manera, al adoptar y al mismo tiempo tensionar los parámetros de autoridad estatales sostenidos por los documentos, los/as migrantes realizan un uso paradójico de los mismos.
Operaciones Policiales en Rio de Janeiro (2006-2020)
Authors: Veloso Hirata Daniel , Christoph Grillo Carolina , Dirk Renato
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo trata de la iniciativa del Grupo de Estudos dos Novos Ilegalismos de la Universidad Federal Fluminense (GENI/UFF) de producción de datos propios sobre operaciones policiales en Rio de Janeiro. El objetivo es completar importantes brechas de las estadísticas oficiales e intervenir en el debate y las decisiones públicas sobre acciones letales perpetradas por el Estado en favelas. Anclados en la perspectiva del activismo de datos, investigadores del GENI/UFF han establecido colaboraciones para incidir sobre el espacio público a través de los números. Aunque los datos oficiales disponibles atestan la exorbitante letalidad resultante de acciones policiales, no aportan ninguna información sobre las operaciones policiales. Este artículo presenta los principales resultados del levantamiento inédito realizado por el GENI/UFF sobre esas operaciones, en serie histórica, y narra las experiencias recientes de colaboración con otros colectivos, por medio de informes, para incidir sobre una acción que tramita en el Superior Tribunal Federal sobre el tema de las operaciones policiales en favelas.
Investigar en contextos de encierro
Authors: Perez Moira , Bissutti César
Published: April 2021

La elección de llevar adelante cualquier proyecto de investigación implica necesariamente la toma de múltiples decisiones: que estudiar, para qué estudiar, cómo estudiarlo. Cuando se indaga en formas de violencia que afectan a grupos históricamente marginados, las decisiones vinculadas con el marco conceptual, la metodología y el enfoque epistemológico deben considerar tanto el lugar de enunciación de quien investiga como los efectos directos o indirectos que estas cuestiones pueden tener sobre los sujetos afectados. En el presente artículo, nos proponemos volcar algunas reflexiones epistemológicas y metodológicas surgidas a partir de un proceso de investigación en torno a las formas específicas de violencia que afectan a las mujeres trans privadas de su libertad en unidades penales de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Desde una perspectiva reflexiva, crítica y propositiva, presentamos una serie de conclusiones que pueden extraerse de este proceso, buscando aportar a otras investigaciones del campo para comprender (algunas de las) dimensiones potencialmente dañinas de las prácticas de investigación en ciencias sociales y jurídicas, y a la vez ensayar algunos caminos posibles para no reproducirlas.
Research of the concept of a strategic scenario of integrated development business ecosystems of the region based on digital models
Authors: Kuimov V.V. , Simonov K.V. , Sherbenko E.V. , Yushkova L.V. , Tereshchenko N.N.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes approaches to substantiating new high-quality solutions for businesses and territories based on the development of their business ecosystems. Business ecosystems are viewed as the interaction of individual stakeholders in the space of value formation including in territories or industries from manufacturing to retail in the domestic, national and international markets. The main goal of the work is to substantiate the possibilities for the integrated development of the region’s business ecosystems based on digital models of assessment and the formation of their product lines and integration into global supply chains. The main hypothesis is based on theoretical approaches and analysis of practice that modern businesses actively using digital technologies exhibit new network practices of interaction in the value space and in their integration with consumers, the community and government regulation form effective business ecosystems. The article was prepared within the framework of the Grant of the RFBR and the Government of the Krasnoyarsk Territory No. 20-410-242916 r_mk Krasnoyarsk.
Organization of the protected information exchange of the departmental system of electronic document management
Authors: Keldysh N.V. , Golubev A.Y.
Published: April 2021

A system of formalization the optimization problem of synthesizing the structure of the subsystem of secure information exchange is proposed, analyzes the application of known approaches, identifies the main stages and principles of solution in the interests of a distributed departmental electronic document management system.
Un Análisis sobre la Interpretación de los Diferentes Actores en torno a la Educación Intercultural y Bilingüe y sus Políticas
Authors: Peschiera Ruju Romina
Published: April 2021

Las políticas de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) en el Perú suelen implementarse sin tener el éxito esperado. Esta investigación se basa en la idea de que una política de EIB no puede tener el éxito esperado si los documentos de política y actores educativos que intervienen en su implementación tienen diversas interpretaciones de la EIB y una percepción poco crítica de la situación sociocultural en el Perú. Esto porque si no existe un consenso en torno a lo que se va a entender por interculturalidad y no se estudian las causas de la problemática sociocultural, las políticas interculturales se podrían tornar idealistas y vacías de significado. De ahí que mediante la realización de entrevistas a profundidad y de un análisis documental, esta investigación busca conocer cuál es la interpretación y percepción de los actores educativos (funcionarios públicos y docentes) en relación a la educación intercultural y bilingüe, y sus políticas.

Si bien los actores educativos entrevistados tienen diferentes formas de interpretar la educación intercultural y un manejo distinto de las políticas, el principal problema encontrado radica en que tanto los discursos que se enuncian en los documentos de políticas, como las interpretaciones que se encuentran en el imaginario de los actores, se basan en una visión acrítica de la realidad sin un punto de partida que oriente qué se entiende por interculturalidad en la educación, lo que conlleva a que predomine una mirada idealista y descontextualizada de la interculturalidad, invisibilizando las relaciones de poder y conflicto existentes en la sociedad, perpetuando la desigualdad a favor de la cultura dominante. Es a partir de estos resultados que se brindan algunas orientaciones para esclarecer el debate que se encuentra presente en la formulación e implementación de las políticas educativas interculturales y bilingües.
Concepciones y Prácticas Evaluativas de los Docentes del Área Curricular de CTA en las II. EE. Públicas de Educación Secundaria de Arequipa (Perú)
Authors: Turpo Gebera Osbaldo
Published: April 2021

Los profesores1 del área curricular de Ciencia, Tecnología y Ambiente (CTA), en el curso de sus intervenciones pedagógicas, revelan un conjunto de concepciones y prácticas evaluativas no siempre concordantes con los propósitos de renovación educativa. En su ser y quehacer docentes, coexisten pensamientos y acciones que responden a discursos y rutinas internalizadas por la formación continua del docente. Específicamente, conviven posicionamientos evaluativos alineados con los “tradicionales”, tales como finalidades evaluativas centradas en la aprobación de los logros de aprendizaje (rendimiento) con las funciones simbólicas de la evaluación que priorizan el uso de la normatividad vigente, la prevalencia de los contenidos conceptuales sobre los demás, la recurrencia a procedimientos evaluativos centrados en las capacidades resolutivas y expositivas, en desmedro de otros medios y recursos fundados en la observación y reflexión, y una exclusiva responsabilidad del docente como evaluador; junto a posturas “modernas”, como referente en torno al cual se estructuran las demás, una preferencia por una evaluación procesual extensiva y recuperadora de otras modalidades, relegando a la evaluación normativa y optando por una criterial.

 1 Al referirnos a los profesores también incluimos a las profesoras en los mismos términos. El uso gramatical no esconde una discriminación sexista (Eco, 1998).
Las aulas hospitalarias desde las percepciones y vivencias de los niños y adolescentes hospitalizados
Authors: Silva Panez Giselle
Published: April 2021

Este artículo presenta y discute los resultados de un estudio que tuvo como objetivo conocer las vivencias y percepciones de pacientes pediátricos y adolescentes en torno a la hospitalización y su participación en las aulas hospitalarias a las que estaban asistiendo. A partir de un enfoque cualitativo y una aproximación metodológica múltiple, se analizaron 330 dibujos realizados por los pacientes sobre los derechos del niño hospitalizado. También, se llevaron a cabo observaciones de las aulas hospitalarias y se condujeron entrevistas con niños, adolescentes, padres de familia, docentes hospitalarios y miembros del personal de salud en hospitales peruanos. Adicionalmente, se realizó observaciones etnográficas y sesiones de “juego médico” con dos grupos de niños. Los hallazgos evidenciaron la alta valoración que estos actores brindan a las aulas hospitalarias, que son identificadas como un servicio educativo que cumple diversas funciones, como brindar soporte emocional para la superación de la enfermedad, la ansiedad y el proceso de adaptación en el centro de salud; promover nuevos aprendizajes y contacto con técnicas de información y comunicación (TIC), así como prevenir el aislamiento social. Se observó que las aulas hospitalarias estimulan en los pacientes una actitud activa y autónoma frente a sí mismos, que es favorable para su bienestar.Ello sugiere que la acción educativa de estas, en diferentes planos, promueve la resiliencia de los pacientes.
En descenso de lo global a lo local: Una perspectiva desde la región atlántica de Canadá
Authors: Corbett Michael
Published: April 2021

Mientras la educación ha sido, por muchos años, un proyecto estatal, su implementación se ha centrado en la escala local o regional (estatal y provincial) en Norteamérica. Tendencias recientes que resaltan la globalización del discurso educativo han generado tensiones en la implementación y análisis de la educación a nivel mundial. La aparición de una medida global, como PISA y TIMSS, permite comparar distintos sistemas educativos y la creación de un ámbito educativo transnacional.Este artículo observa una micro geografía educacional particular de tres escuelas en la región atlántica de Canadá. A partir de ello, evidencia que la data nacional presenta una limitación para la descripción, el soporte y el análisis de la performance educacional o para entender la complejidad social en lugares concretos. La ironía radica en que este nivel macro de análisis es el que conduce la política educacional, que es experimentada fundamentalmente a escala local. En el caso de zonas que se encuentran económicamente en desventaja, como la región atlántica de Canadá, un bajo rendimiento es predeciblemente crónico. Frente a ello, considero que mayor atención en una política y práctica educativas concretas y locales es necesaria tanto para el éxito de los estudiantes como para vínculos más productivos entre desarrollo económico y educación.
El Sutep o la revolución La incursión maoísta en el sindicalismo magisterial (1964-1972)
Authors: Vargas Julio
Published: April 2021

Este artículo se plantea como una mirada retrospectiva a las memorias escritas del magisterio peruano. El análisis, centrado en el período 1964-1972, contextualiza el impacto del clasismo en el imaginario y la práctica organizada del magisterio. Desde la revisión específica de las historiografías gremial partidarias sobre este período y a partir de referencias sobre el accionar colectivo de sus dirigencias sutepistas más representativas, sugiero que el proceso organizacional abierto con la fundación del Sutep1 en 1972 sentó las bases para su configuración como burocracia estatal paralela, con trayectorias divergentes (entre la lucha armada y la lucha electoral), fronteras ideológicas porosas (entre clasismo y nacionalismo) e identidades relativamente fijas (con el docente como trabajador en la educación y apóstol de la nación). Sostengo en perspectiva que la incursión estratégica del grupo maoísta Bandera Roja en el proceso de unificación gremial magisterial determinó las trayectorias de sus bifurcaciones Patria Roja y Sendero Luminoso, cuyos líderes definieron desde entonces sus líneas de masas y su relación con el Estado, con estrategias discursivamente equivalentes para tomar el poder, fundadas en un horizonte común que mitificó la violencia y un simbolismo populista radical que glorificó al magisterio.
Cosmovisiones indígenas y construcciones sobre la interculturalidad en la educación bilingüe
Authors: Valdiviezo Laura Alicia
Published: April 2021

Desde sus inicios a mediados de la década de los noventa, la educación intercultural bilingüe (EIB) se ha inspirado en políticas globales que promueven el pluralismo cultural y el acceso educativo de las poblaciones indígenas, como respuesta a la necesidad de brindarles acceso a oportunidades educativas de calidad que correspondan a sus lenguas, saberes y prácticas culturales. Como parte de la política nacional de distintos países andinos con experiencia en implementaciones locales diversas, la interculturalidad en el Perú se ha mantenido como principio educativo abstracto con una pedagogía negada. La ausencia de oportunidades de capacitación docente en pedagogía intercultural ha forzado y, a la vez, permitido una interpretación intuitiva de la EIB en la práctica, lo cual ha resultado en pedagogías dispares y en oportunidades perdidas de innovación educativa. Este artículo examina la implementación de la educación intercultural bilingüe en tres escuelas en el sur rural andino. Basado en un estudio etnográfico de docentes EIB, en el presente artículo, se analiza las interpretaciones de los docentes sobre la interculturalidad. Tanto como exponer los retos de la EIB, este estudio intenta rescatar las posibilidades de una pedagogía centrada en un conocimiento crítico que afirme la diversidad y que promueva una educación de calidad para todos. Desde esta perspectiva, se presenta un análisis reflexivo que estudia a la EIB no solamente como alternativa educativa para las comunidades indígenas, sino que entiende que las implicancias pedagógicas y políticas de la educación intercultural deben tomarse en cuenta más allá del ámbito rural.
Concepciones y creencias docentes sobre la democracia en el colegio
Authors: Ginocchio Lucía , Frisancho Susana , La Rosa María Isabel
Published: April 2021

El proceso de construcción de la democracia en el colegio tiene como actor principal al docente, cuyas concepciones y creencias influirán en su práctica pedagógica. Por este motivo, el presente estudio tuvo como propósito explorar las creencias de los docentes sobre la democracia en un colegio en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Se entrevistó a ocho profesores de una institución educativa pública secundaria. Los resultados mostraron que los docentes no reconocen la construcción de una sociedad democrática como un fin de la educación, sino que perciben que su objetivo principal es formar emprendedores preparados para el mundo laboral. La mayoría concibe la democracia principalmente como un sistema de gobierno y no como forma de vida. A nivel escolar, la democracia se entiende principalmente como participación en programas escolares o acciones centradas en el docente. Los profesores consideran que las familias no contribuyen con la formación de los estudiantes y que el colegio no puede hacer nada por los estudiantes con familias problemáticas. Además, sus creencias sobre su rol como docentes los distancian de posturas democráticas, así como sobre la disciplina. Estos resultados se discuten enfatizando en el rol de la escuela para la formación de una ciudadanía democrática.
Review of sub-national institutional performance in Ghana
Authors: Chachu Daniel
Published: April 2021

While the literature on the measurement, causes, and correlates of variations in sub-national institutional governance is prominent for Europe and other regions, it is less so for sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging literature on the latter region offers scope for improved understanding of the relationship between variations in the quality of sub-national governance and Africa’s development. As a preliminary step towards contributing to this literature, this Background Note reviews Ghana’s decentralization experience and efforts to assess its outcome. It surveys the literature, including government documents, reports, and technical notes, and attempts to answer the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of measuring sub-national institutional performance in one of Africa’s shining polities since its decentralization experiment began in 1988.