bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characteristics of Transferon™Batches
Authors: Medina-Rivero Emilio , Vallejo-Castillo Luis , Vázquez-Leyva Said , Pérez-Sánchez Gilberto , Favari Liliana , Velasco-Velázquez Marco , Estrada-Parra Sergio , Pavón Lenin , Pérez-Tapia Sonia Mayra
Published: July 2016

Transferon, a biotherapeutic agent that has been used for the past 2 decades for diseases with an inflammatory component, has been approved by regulatory authorities in Mexico (COFEPRIS) for the treatment of patients with herpes infection. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of Transferon is based on polydispersion of peptides that have been extracted from lysed human leukocytes by a dialysis process and a subsequent ultrafiltration step to select molecules below 10 kDa. To physicochemically characterize the drug product, we developed chromatographic methods and an SDS-PAGE approach to analyze the composition and the overall variability of Transferon. Reversed-phase chromatographic profiles of peptide populations demonstrated batch-to-batch consistency from 10 representative batches that harbored 4 primary peaks with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 7%. Aminogram profiles exhibited 17 proteinogenic amino acids and showed that glycine was the most abundant amino acid, with a relative content of approximately 18%. Further, based on their electrophoretic migration, the peptide populations exhibited a molecular mass of about 10 kDa. Finally, we determined the Transferon fingerprint using a mass spectrometry tool. Because each batch was produced from independent pooled buffy coat samples from healthy donors, supplied by a local blood bank, our results support the consistency of the production of Transferon and reveal its peptide identity with regard to its physicochemical attributes.
A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Evaluating the Photovoltaic Potential: Its Validation in Buenos Aires and Antarctica
Authors: Cabezas Marcelo D. , Hawryluk Jorge A. , Franco Juan I. , Fasoli Héctor J.
Published: July 2016

The use of renewable energies requires a precise and detailed quantification of the resource available. Because of the cost of solar stations or limited availability of skilled human resources, in most emerging countries, this assessment is made only on a few points scattered over large areas. We report here a simple and inexpensive method to evaluate the photovoltaic (PV) potential for a specific geographic region and a given PV capture technology. The system allows for a direct evaluation of the energy actually obtainable by scaling the measurement array of photovoltaic cells. The proposed measurement system can be installed as a stand-alone unit, or as part of a measurement network, connected to a more sophisticated central hub. The measurement station consists of said PV array (or similar PV array), a resistor, and a portable data logger. The system is calibrated with a device composed of a small array of PV cells, a resistor load bank, and two multimeters. Due to its low cost, this system can be replicated as many times as required with minimal investment. This would make it possible to evaluate the available photovoltaic potential of large regions with accurate and detailed data. Measurements carried out in Buenos Aires and in Antarctica confirm the consistency of the method.
A Case of Undiagnosed HIV Infection in a 57-Year-Old Woman with Multiple Myeloma: Consequences on Chemotherapy Efficiency and Safety
Authors: Poizot-Martin I. , Brégigeon S. , Tamalet C. , Bouabdallah R. , Zaegel-Faucher O. , Obry-Roguet V. , Ivanova A. , Cano C.E. , Solas C.
Published: July 2016

Background. Non-AIDS-defining cancers represent a rising health issue among HIV-infected patients. Nevertheless, HIV testing is not systematic during the initial cancer staging. Here, we report a case of HIV infection diagnosed three years after chemotherapy initiation for multiple myeloma.Results. A 57-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple myeloma underwent a first round of chemotherapy by bortezomib/lenalidomide and then with bortezomib/liposomal-doxorubicine/dexamethasone, with partial remission, poor hematological tolerance, and multiple episodes of pneumococcal infection. Allogenic stem cell transplantation was proposed leading to HIV testing, which revealed seropositivity, with an HIV viral load of5.5 Log10/mLand severe CD4 T cell depletion (24 cells/mm3). Chemotherapy by bendamustin was initiated. Multidisciplinary staff decided the initiation of antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir/emtricitabin/efavirenz and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections. After 34 months, patient achieved complete remission, sustained HIV suppression, and significant CD4 recovery (450 cells/mm3), allowing effective pneumococcal immunization without relapse.Conclusion. Our case illustrates the drawback that ignored HIV infection is still causing to cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and highlights the importance of early HIV testing in oncology. A multidisciplinary approach including oncologists/hematologists, virologists, and pharmacists is recommended in order to avoid drug interactions between chemotherapy and antiretroviral drugs. Moreover, prophylactic medication is recommended in these patients regardless of CD4+ cell count at the initiation of chemotherapy.
Genetic Diversity among Sugarcane Genotypes Based on Qualitative Traits
Authors: Tena Gashaw Esayas , Mekbib Firew , Ayana Amsalu
Published: July 2016

The study was conducted during 2012/2013 at Wonji Sugar Estate, Ethiopia, to estimate the extent of morphological diversity among sugarcane germplasm based on 16 qualitative traits. Four hundred sugarcane genotypes grouped in 20 locations were considered. Phenotypic frequency distributions of the characters were analyzed and Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′) was computed using the phenotypic frequencies. Results indicated that the variation inH′within locations was larger than the diversity observed between locations. The value ofH′for all sample genotypes ranged from 0.43 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.87. Considerable phenotypic diversity was observed among the germplasm studied. This information can be used for establishing proper identity of the accessions, strategic conservation of these germplasm resources, and future improvement work of the sugarcane crop. This is the first study to report phenotypic diversity of local and exotic sugarcane genotypes in Ethiopia.
Marketing Status and Perceived Efficacy of Drugs for Supporting Abstinence and Reducing Alcohol Intake in Alcohol Use Disorders: A Survey among European Federation of Addiction Societies in Europe
Authors: Bramness Jørgen G. , Mann Karl , Wurst Friedrich M.
Published: July 2016

Background: Acamprosate, disulfiram (DIS), naltrexone and nalmefene can be used in treating alcohol use disorders. The drugs are, however, underutilized. Methods: In this survey of marketing status and perceived efficacy, member societies of the European federation for addiction societies were asked to report on the status of these drugs in their country. Results were obtained from 20 European countries showing that the drugs were registered in most countries. Results and Conclusion: The drugs were mentioned in guidelines in approximately half and were partially or fully reimbursed in half to two-thirds countries. DIS was perceived as the most efficacious drug. These results are discussed.
Uma criança em busca de uma janela: função materna e trauma
Authors: Zornig Silvia Abu-Jamra , Levy Lídia
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho pretende refletir sobre a relação entre trauma e função materna, contrapondo uma concepção do trauma enquanto estrutural (Freud) à noção trazida por Winnicott referida ao trauma enquanto uma descontinuidade de cuidados do meio ambiente. O caso clínico de uma criança adotada tardiamente, com uma história de vida inicial marcada por uma relação com uma mãe psicótica e por sua separação, nos ajuda a discutir pressupostos psicanalíticos sobre a importância das relações precoces no processo de construção subjetiva da criança.
O não violento
Authors: Marin Isabel Kahn
Published: July 2016

Este artigo analisa o aumento das manifestações de violência em nossa sociedade, relacionando-o à tendência de negar a própria violência que, de acordo com a psicanálise, é condição para a constituição subjetiva. Essa hipótese articula-se com as expectativas criadas pelo imaginário contemporâneo, narcísico por excelência, que leva os sujeitos a negarem as manifestações associadas ao sofrimento, ao ser desagradável. Torna-se cada vez mais difícil para o sujeito contemporâneo colocar-se como referência para o outro que dele depende. Analisa-se como alguns sujeitos, ao buscarem escapar do enfrentamento da violência fundamental, ficam expostos ao desamparo, restando-lhes como alternativa para afirmação da singularidade e alívio de sua tensão pulsional a destruição do outro.
Comprehensive Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Short‐Term Follow‐Up in Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Luetkens Julian A. , Homsi Rami , Dabir Darius , Kuetting Daniel L. , Marx Christian , Doerner Jonas , Schlesinger‐Irsch Ulrike , Andrié René , Sprinkart Alois M. , Schmeel Frederic C. , Stehning Christian , Fimmers Rolf , Gieseke Juergen , Naehle Claas P. , Schild Hans H. , Thomas Daniel K.
Published: July 2016

Background

Cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) can detect inflammatory myocardial alterations in patients suspected of having acute myocarditis. There is limited information regarding the degree of normalization of
CMR
parameters during the course of the disease and the time window during which quantitative
CMR
should be most reasonably implemented for diagnostic work‐up.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐four patients with suspected acute myocarditis and 45 control subjects underwent
CMR
. Initial
CMR
was performed 2.6±1.9 days after admission. Myocarditis patients underwent
CMR
follow‐up after 2.4±0.6, 5.5±1.3, and 16.2±9.9 weeks. The
CMR
protocol included assessment of standard Lake Louise criteria, T1 relaxation times, extracellular volume fraction, and T2 relaxation times. Group differences between myocarditis patients and control subjects were highest in the acute stage of the disease (
P
<0.001 for all parameters). There was a significant and consistent decrease in all inflammatory
CMR
parameters over the course of the disease (
P
<0.01 for all parameters). Myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times—indicative of myocardial edema—were the only single parameters showing significant differences between myocarditis patients and control subjects on 5.5±1.3‐week follow‐up (T1: 986.5±44.4 ms versus 965.1±28.1 ms,
P
=0.022; T2: 55.5±3.2 ms versus 52.6±2.6 ms;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions

In patients with acute myocarditis,
CMR
markers of myocardial inflammation demonstrated a rapid and continuous decrease over several follow‐up examinations.
CMR
diagnosis of myocarditis should therefore be attempted at an early stage of the disease. Myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times were the only parameters of active inflammation/edema that could discriminate between myocarditis patients and control subjects even at a convalescent stage of the disease.
Prior Antithrombotic Use Is Associated With Favorable Mortality and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Myint Phyo K. , Hellkamp Anne S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Reeves Matthew J. , Schwamm Lee H. , Schulte Phillip J. , Xian Ying , Suter Robert E. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Peterson Eric D. , Smith Eric E.
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—

Antithrombotics are the mainstay of treatment in primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and their use before an acute event may be associated with better outcomes.

Methods—

Using data from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke with over half a million acute ischemic strokes recorded between October 2011 and March 2014 (n=540 993) from 1661 hospitals across the United States, we examined the unadjusted and adjusted associations between previous antithrombotic use and clinical outcomes.

Results—

There were 250 104 (46%) stroke patients not receiving any antithrombotic before stroke; of whom approximately one third had a documented previous vascular indication. After controlling for clinical and hospital factors, patients who were receiving antithrombotics before stroke had better outcomes than those who did not, regardless of whether a previous vascular indication was present or not: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) were 0.82 (0.80–0.84) for in-hospital mortality, 1.18 (1.16–1.19) for home as the discharge destination, 1.15 (1.13–1.16) for independent ambulatory status at discharge, and 1.15 (1.12–1.17) for discharge modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1.

Conclusions—

Previous antithrombotic therapy was independently associated with improved clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Ensuring the use of antithrombotics in appropriate patient populations may be associated with benefits beyond stroke prevention.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Incidence Is Higher Than Previously Thought
Authors: Devasagayam Sharon , Wyatt Ben , Leyden James , Kleinig Timothy
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—

The incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) varies between studies, but it is estimated to be between 2 and 5 per million per year. A recent study in the Netherlands with comprehensive ascertainment suggested a much higher incidence. It is uncertain whether these differing estimates reflect the quality of ascertainment or true variation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of CVT in Adelaide, using a novel clinical and radiological methodology.

Methods—

We retrospectively identified CVT
International Classification of Diseases-coded
cases from all Adelaide public hospitals from 2005 to 2011. We also searched all neuroimaging studies (259 101) from these hospitals for text variations containing venous thromb. All potential cases were reviewed, and cases of incident CVT ascertained. Associations and outcomes were determined.

Results—

Of 169 possible cases, 105 cases of CVT were confirmed (59 cases by both coding and neuroimaging, 40 from neuroimaging alone, and 6 from coding alone). In our population of 953 390 adults, this represented an incidence of 15.7 million per year (95% confidence interval, 12.9–19.0), the highest incidence reported. Of these cases, a possible procoagulant predisposition was identified in 48%. Fifty-five of 105 cases occurred in females. Relative risk of CVT in females of reproductive age was insignificantly higher than in males (1.18 [95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.48]).

Conclusions—

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in our study was more common than previously reported, perhaps because of more complete ascertainment. Future CVT incidence studies should include comprehensive capture and review of neuroimaging.
Immobile defence of a frog distracts attention of approaching predators to other prey
Authors: Nishiumi Nozomi , Mori Akira
Published: July 2016

Escape theories predict that animals remaining motionless after being detected by a predator are less successful in predation avoidance because it simply allows the predator to come closer. Nonetheless, even in such a situation, some animals often remain motionless for a while before escaping. We hypothesized that this non-immediate escape response increases the survivorship of the prey by distracting the predator’s attention to another nearby prey that indifferently comes into the visual field of the predator that is carefully and inconspicuously approaching the former prey. Staged encounter experiments using frogs and snakes as prey and predator, respectively, yielded the results that support this hypothesis. Considering the density of frogs in the field, this phenomenon is feasible under natural conditions. Therefore, remaining motionless after being detected by predator could be an effective choice for prey to avoid predation under a certain condition.
More Religion, Less Justification for Violence
Authors: Wright Joshua D.
Published: July 2016

A cross-national multilevel analysis was conducted to determine the effects of religion on the extent to which violence is seen as justified against others. Contrary to popular notions that religion causes violence, frequency of prayer, importance of religion, and importance of God were negatively related to justification of violence. Only frequency of service attendance and justification of violence had a positive relationship. This relationship was attenuated when a supernatural meaning system was applied to one's religious beliefs (i.e., religion is primarily for the purpose of making sense of life after death). This meaning system also moderated the relationship between importance of religion and justification of violence. Finally, national-level importance of God moderated the negative relationship between individual level importance of God and justification of violence, strengthening this relationship. Results undermine the constructivist argument for religion as a cause of violence.
A Developmental Model of Interreligious Competence
Authors: Morgan Jonathan , Sandage Steven J.
Published: July 2016

This paper articulates a developmental model for how individuals relate to religious difference. We begin by reviewing scholarly work on multicultural competencies and initial research on religious diversity. To provide a framework for our model, we explore the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity and its relationship to research within the psychology of religion. The review closes by examining and critiquing a preliminary model of interreligious sensitivity. From this multi-faceted review, we propose a developmental model of interreligious competence and suggest key psychological capacities that undergird the model. Two case studies ground the theory before we explore future directions for research. Throughout, we consider the philosophical issues of alterity that shape encounters with religious diversity. By developing this model of interreligious competence, this article aims to provide a framework to help psychologists and other human service professionals become more effective in their interactions across religious difference.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Florestina (Asteraceae, Bahieae)
Authors: SOTO-TREJO FABIOLA , SCHILLING EDWARD E. , OYAMA KEN , LIRA RAFAEL , DÁVILA PATRICIA
Published: July 2016

We present a taxonomic revision of Florestina (Asteraceae, Bahieae), a genus that includes annual herbaceous species that occur mostly in arid and semiarid regions of Mexico. A key is provided for the six species of the genus. Taxon descriptions include geographic distribution, habitat, phenology and taxonomic notes on each species. Florestina simplicifolia is reduced to be a synonym of F. pedata, and F. liebmannii is reduced to a synonym of F. tripteris. The lectotype is designated for F. pedata.
Calcarisporium cordycipiticola sp. nov., an important fungal pathogen of Cordyceps militaris
Authors: SUN JING-ZU , DONG CAI-HONG , LIU XING-ZHONG , LIU JIAN-KUI , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: July 2016

Production of the medicinal and edible fungus Cordyceps militaris has dramatically increased in China because of its alleged medicinal properties. During industrial production, a fungal parasite was found to infect the fruiting bodies causing significant quality and yield losses. Two isolates were obtained from fruiting bodies of C. militaris in Beijing and Shanghai mushroom farms and were characterized by morphological and phylogenetic analyses of SSU and ITS sequence data. The phylogenetic analyses showed that they belong to the genus Calcarisporium and are related to the type species, C. arbuscula with 91% ITS sequence similarity. We introduce this taxon as Calcarisporium cordycipiticola sp. nov., and compare it morphologically with other taxa in the genus. The interaction between this taxon, its host, and methods to control this fungicolous taxon need further studies.
Bovista hollosii—a new puffball (Lycoperdaceae) from sand steppe vegetation in Hungary
Authors: JEPPSON MIKAEL , FINY PÉTER , Larsson Ellen
Published: July 2016

A new puffball species, Bovista hollosii, belonging to Bovista subgenus Bovista is described. It is morphologically reminiscent of B. tomentosa but differs in peridial and spore features. Molecular data confirm it as distinct from B. tomentosa. The new species is recorded from sand steppe habitats in Central Hungary. A key to the north and central European species belonging to subgenus Bovista is provided along with illustrations of the new described species.
A new species of the genus Peltogaster Rathke, 1842 (Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Peltogastridae) parasitizing the hermit crab Pagurixus boninensis (Melin, 1939) from the Bonin Islands, Japan
Authors: YOSHIDA RYUTA , NARUSE TOHRU
Published: July 2016

A new rhizocephalan species, Peltogaster unigibba n. sp., is described from the host hermit crab, Pagurixus boninensis (Melin, 1939), from the Bonin Islands, Japan. Of the16 known species of Peltogaster now currently recognised, P. unigibba n. sp., and P. contorta Boschma, 1958 share a left lobe that projects beyond the mantle aperture. The two species can be distinguished from one another by the position of the opening of the mantle aperture. The new species most closely resembles P. naushonensis Reinhard, 1946 in its internal structure, but clearly differs in the relative length of the colleteric glands. Peltogaster unigibba n. sp. represents the first record of a rhizocephalan from the oceanic Bonin Islands, and the second record of a rhizocephalan from an oceanic island in the northern hemisphere.
Not “Alona” monacantha Sars, 1901, but Coronatella hardingi (Brehm, 1957) Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Cladocera) in the Afrotropics
Authors: Damme Kay Van
Published: July 2016

Many taxa formerly housed in the lump genus Alona Baird, 1843 remain data-deficient. These species are often overlooked or wrongly identified during faunistic and ecological studies. “Alona” hardingi (Brehm, 1957) is a lesser known taxon, hidden for decades under records of “Alona” monacantha Sars, 1901. Both taxa have recently been allocated to the genus Coronatella Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894, yet without revision of the former. The morphology of Coronatella hardingi (Brehm, 1957), a widespread and abundant species in Afrotropical freshwater habitats, is examined here for the first time, including the first description of the male. The species is redescribed, based on populations from Southern Africa and confirmed as a good species and a valid sibling of the Neotropical C. monacantha (Sars, 1901) and the SE Asian C. acuticostata (Sars, 1903). The study of the Afrotropical C. hardingi allows a better understanding of this small tropical species complex, for which a diagnosis is included.
Elevated Levels of Adhesion Proteins Are Associated With Low Ankle–Brachial Index
Authors: Berardi Cecilia , Wassel Christine L. , Decker Paul A. , Larson Nicholas B. , Kirsch Phillip S. , Andrade Mariza de , Tsai Michael Y. , Pankow James S. , Sale Michele M. , Sicotte Hugues , Tang Weihong , Hanson Naomi Q. , McDermott Mary M. , Criqui Michael H. , Allison Michael A. , Bielinski Suzette J.
Published: July 2016

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Cellular adhesion proteins mediate the interaction of leukocytes with endothelial cells during inflammation. To determine the association of cellular adhesion molecules with ankle–brachial index (ABI) and ABI category (≤1.0 vs >1.0) in a diverse population, 15 adhesion proteins were measured in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). To assess multivariable associations of each protein with ABI and ABI category, linear and logistic regression was used, respectively. Among 2364 participants, 23 presented with poorly compressible arteries (ABI > 1.4) and were excluded and 261 had ABI ≤ 1.0. Adjusting for traditional risk factors, elevated levels of soluble P-selectin, hepatocyte growth factor, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor were associated with lower ABI ( P = .0004, .001, and .002, respectively). Per each standard deviation of protein, we found 26%, 20%, and 19% greater odds of lower ABI category ( P = .001, .01, and .02, respectively). Further investigation into the adhesion pathway may shed new light on biological mechanisms implicated in PAD.
The Relationship Between Atherogenic Index and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Icli Abdullah , Cure Erkan , Uslu Ali Ugur , Sakiz Davut , Cure Medine Cumhur , Ozucan Miyase , Baykara Rabia Aydogan , Karakoyun Ahmet , Balta Sevket , Ozturk Cengiz , Arslan Sevket , Kucuk Adem
Published: July 2016

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a logarithmic value of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and it is a good marker for atherosclerotic heart disease and cardiac risk. In this study, we investigated subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiac risks in patients with FMF. Patients with FMF (78 men and 84 women) and healthy controls (74 men and 82 women) were included in this study. The AIP values of the patients were calculated and carotid intima–media thicknesses (cIMTs) were measured. The cIMT ( P < .001) and AIP ( P < .001) values of patients with FMF were higher than the values of the control group. There was a positive correlation between cIMT and AIP values ( r = .304, P < .001). In regression analysis, we detected an independent relationship between cIMT and AIP (β = .248, P = .001). Atherogenic index of plasma may be highly correlated with the subclinical atherosclerosis. Particularly, male patients with FMF may have a high cardiac risk.
Aligning vertical structures and horizontal relationships: collaborative leadership and accountability mechanisms to enhance economic growth in England
Authors: Liddle Joyce
Published: July 2016

This article explores vertical and horizontal dimensions of the work of public, private and civic leaders involved in economic development in England, in particular, those working in the complex terrain of Local Enterprise Partnerships, a key partnership tool in the UK central government’s localism agenda for driving growth. It offers insights into innovative ways in which state, non-state and citizen agents navigate a complex set of vertical, legal authority structures within fragmented, horizontal and largely informal new ‘spaces’ of interactions/interrelationships to collaboratively co-produce strategies and plans for transforming local areas. To advance our knowledge of collaborative leadership requires new methodological approaches to investigating multi-accountabilities and how co-production works within ‘loosely coupled’ networks. It is imperative to appreciate the problems associated with leadership working across sectoral boundaries within complex networks of vertical, legal structures and horizontal, informal action spaces. In such networks, leaders, as institutional representatives, work collaboratively to achieve objectives not readily attainable by member organisations acting alone. They also need to compromise and negotiate their representative role back to a parent organisation while protecting and promoting the priorities, aims and interests of the new entity, in this case, a Local Enterprise Partnership. Theoretically, then, the article is located in recent debates on the theory and practice of New Public Governance, to show the inadequacies of New Public Management models for capturing the complexities between formal authority structures and fragmented informal sets of relationships. It also draws on accountability models, notably, from the Utrecht School, to identify social relations between collaborative leaders on Local Enterprise Partnerships, and to show how they assert agency and individual actions within the boundaries of participating institutions.

Points for practitioners

The findings should benefit professionals, public managers and policymakers in understanding formal and informal linkages on partnerships for economic development. The article should facilitate an appreciation of the importance of greater accountability for actions in cross-boundary working. Moreover, in exploring vertical and horizontal dimensions of public, private and civic leadership in the complex terrain of Local Enterprise Partnerships, the findings show their feasibility as key vehicles to develop collaborative, co-produced strategies in transforming sub-national localities.
Intimate partner violence in South Asian communities: Exploring the notion of ‘shame’ to promote understandings of migrant women’s experiences
Authors: Tonsing Jenny , Barn Ravinder
Published: July 2016

The notion of ‘shame’ is increasingly being recognised as a tool with some explanatory power to help promote understandings about a range of social problems. Through an exploration of migrant South Asian women’s experiences of domestic violence and help-seeking practices, this article considers the relevance of the notion of shame as a unit of analysis to help contribute to the growing theoretical and empirical literature. The article sheds light on the meanings, events, processes and structures in the lives of migrant South Asian women respondents living in Hong Kong. Within the framework of the discussion on shame and intimate partner violence (IPV), the article also identifies the implications for social work practice.
Rhetoric or Deliberation? The Case for Rhetorical Political Analysis
Authors: Walter Ryan
Published: July 2016

This article joins together recent work in rhetorical political analysis with methodological advances made in intellectual history to prospect a historical and linguistic approach to public reason and deliberation. It is offered as an alternative to currently dominant approaches that emphasise philosophical and normative understanding, especially those associated with the ‘deliberative turn’ in democratic theory. This alternative approach is developed by identifying two points of methodological divergence between a rhetorical and philosophical orientation to deliberation. First, a rhetorical approach will study standards of deliberation that are endogenous to a society instead of imposing them on the basis of one form of philosophical reason or another. Second, rhetorical analysis does not conceive of deliberation as consensus reached through non-coerced reflection but as the strategic deployment of shared linguistic resources in a context of contingently unfolding non-linguistic events.
Effect of gender on students’ emotion with gender-related public self-consciousness as a moderator in mixed-gender physical education classes
Authors: Moon Minkwon , Jeon Hyunsoo , Kwon Sungho
Published: July 2016

The present study investigates whether gender-related public self-consciousness moderates the relationship between students’ gender and emotions in mixed-gender physical education classes. The Positive and Negative Affect Scales and the Gender-related Public Self-Consciousness Scale were administered to 380 middle-school students in South Korea. The preliminary analysis included a t-test and ANOVA. Subsequently, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The results showed that girls’ gender-related public self-consciousness was significantly higher than that of boys. Further, gender-related public self-consciousness significantly moderated the relationship between gender and positive emotion, and while it moderated the relationship between gender and negative emotion, the effect was negligible. Gender-related public self-consciousness plays a role in mixed-gender physical education class. Thus, gender and gender-related public self-consciousness can help educators better understand students’ emotions. These findings can inform guidelines for planning mixed-gender physical education course curricula
Molecularly imprinted chitosan-based adsorbents for the removal of salicylic acid and its molecular modeling to study the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding of template on molecular recognition of molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Rahangdale Dipali , Archana G , Kumar A
Published: July 2016

The present study reports the synthesis of molecularly imprinted chitosan-based adsorbents using 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (4HBA) as a dummy template for the selective extraction and analysis of salicylic acid (SA) using suspension polymerization method. Dummy template strategy is useful when templates like salicylic acid exhibit intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was investigated as a function of time, concentration of analyte and mass of adsorbent employed and was found to be 500.96 µmol g−1 for the chitosan-based 4-hydroxy benzoic acid molecularly imprinted polymer (4HBACTSMIP), 221.2 µmol g−1 for the salicylic acid MIP (SACTSMIP), 220 µmol g−1for the non-imprinted polymer (NIP), 149.7 µmol g−1 for chitosan (CTS) and 60.63 µmol g−1 for the granular activated carbon (GAC). The specific binding capacity of 4HBACTSMIP for salicylic acid was found to be 280.96 µmol g−1. The change in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for the template–monomer complexes formed between the templates and the functional monomer was computed using density functional theory (DFT) to interpret the nature of the interactions between them and to compare their stabilities. A systematic investigation of the molecular recognition abilities of the synthesized adsorbents was carried out using Freundlich (F) adsorption isotherm model. The binding parameters obtained from the F model demonstrate that 4HBACTSMIP exhibited higher specific molecular recognition ability towards salicylic acid. The adsorption ability of SACSTMIP was same as that of NIP due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding present in salicylic acid molecule leading to low imprinting effect. The results are supported by molecular modeling studies and the selectivity studies.
Psychopathic Traits and Moral Disengagement Interact to Predict Bullying and Cyberbullying Among Adolescents
Authors: Orue Izaskun , Calvete Esther
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to test a model in which psychopathic traits (callous-unemotional, grandiose-manipulative, and impulsive-irresponsible) and moral disengagement individually and interactively predict two types of bullying (traditional and cyberbullying) in a community sample of adolescents. A total of 765 adolescents (464 girls and 301 boys) completed measures of moral disengagement and psychopathic traits at Time 1, and measures of bullying and cyberbullying at Time 1 and 1 year later, at Time 2. The results showed that callous-unemotional traits predicted both traditional bullying and cyberbullying, grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible traits only predicted traditional bullying, and moral disengagement only predicted cyberbullying. Callous-Unemotional Traits × Moral Disengagement and Grandiose-Manipulative × Moral Disengagement were significantly correlated with the residual change in cyberbullying. Callous-unemotional traits were positively related to cyberbullying at high levels of moral disengagement but not when moral disengagement was low. In contrast, grandiose-manipulative traits were positively related to cyberbullying at low levels of moral disengagement but not when moral disengagement was high. These findings have implications for both prevention and intervention. Integrative approaches that promote moral growth are needed, including a deeper understanding of why bullying is morally wrong and ways to stimulate personality traits that counteract psychopathic traits.
Optimization of geometrical design of clinching tools in flat-clinching
Authors: Han Xiaolan , Zhao Shengdun , Chen Chao , Liu Chen , Xu Fan
Published: July 2016

Owing to the importance of geometrical design of clinching tools, the flat-clinching were investigated numerically and experimentally to determine the optimal geometrical parameters in this study. The geometrical parameters in flat-clinching, including punch corner radius, draft angle of the punch, blank holder corner radius, blank holder radius, and punch velocity, were optimized using the orthogonal experimental design simulation method based on the evaluation of interlocking. The simulation results show that the punch corner radius and the blank holder radius have a significant impact on the clinched joint, whereas the draft angle of the punch and blank holder corner radius have little influence on the clinched joint. The simulation results were validated through an experimental setup testing on material aluminum alloy Al5052. The experimental results have a good agreement with the orthogonal experimental design simulation.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome On Cloud (APSOnCloud): web-based monitoring of oral anticoagulation
Authors: Nogueira F , Signorelli F , Levy R A
Published: July 2016

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent thromboses and fetal losses with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The main treatment to prevent recurrent thrombotic events is oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist (VKA), which requires frequent monitoring and dosage adjustments. Outpatient anticoagulation monitoring has its limitations, such as patients spending long hours between the testing procedure and waiting for the results to be adjusted. To optimize this adjustment and to improve APS patients-doctors relationship, we developed a website to help monitor APS patients, called Antiphospholipid Syndrome On Cloud or APSOnCloud. To test it, since March 2014 to March 2016, we registered 20 patients with APS that have inserted 132 international normalized ratio (INR) values. Sixty two percent were out of range and it took on average 7 hours for the doctor in charge to adjust these values. The mean time in therapeutic range was 58.1%. Our preliminary experience in monitoring VKA oral anticoagulation on APSOnCloud suggests that patients with APS might benefit from this web-based monitoring.
The Internal Brace for Midsubstance Achilles Ruptures
Authors: McWilliam James R. , Mackay Gordon
Published: July 2016

The efficient and effective function of the Achilles tendon is essential for normal gait and sporting performance. The optimal technique for the operative repair of the Achilles midsubstance rupture remains controversial. Suboptimal outcomes are common even after successful Achilles repair. Factors contributing to poor outcomes include a tenuous soft tissue envelope (leading to wound complications, peritendinous adhesions, and poor tendon healing,) as well as failure to maintain appropriate musculotendinous length, even after successful repair.

We present a new technique using the InternalBrace (IB) and a modification of the Percutaneous Achilles Repair System (PARS; Arthrex Inc, Naples, FL), the Achilles Mid-Substance Speed Bridge Repair. This IB approach is knotless, respects the soft tissue envelope, and allows the appropriate musculotendinous length to be set intraoperatively. The IB principle enables direct fixation to bone allowing early mobilization while minimizing the risk of knot slippage, accelerating recovery, and allowing for restoration of normal function.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Diffuse Cutaneous Bullous Mastocytosis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Postvaccination
Authors: Hudson Alexandra , Finlayson Laura
Published: July 2016

Background:

Diffuse cutaneous bullous mastocytosis is the most rare subtype of cutaneous mastocytosis, characterized by generalized skin infiltration with mast cells and blistering.

Objective:

To increase the awareness of the natural history and potential adverse complications of this rare cutaneous condition.

Method and Results:

We report a case of a male diagnosed on day 7 of life with follow-up of his progression over 6 years. When he was 2.5 months old, he was admitted to hospital postvaccinations with a flare of his blistering that was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and polyuric acute tubular necrosis. Blistering ceased at 3 years, but at 6 years, extensive urtication continued in response to known triggers and a suboptimal dose of mast cell membrane stabilizers and histamine-1 and -2 receptor antagonists.

Conclusion:

This case discusses the progression of this rare condition over 6 years and highlights the importance of reaching optimal pharmacologic blockage of histamine-1 and -2 receptors and stabilization of mast cell membranes in patients persistently experiencing ongoing pruritus, urtication, and flushing symptoms.
Heritage language development: Connecting the dots
Authors: Montrul Silvina
Published: July 2016

To date, the vast majority of research on the linguistic abilities of heritage speakers has focused on young adults whose heritage language is no longer developing. These adults began their journey as bilingual children acquiring the heritage language with the majority language simultaneously since birth or sequentially, as a second language. If longitudinal studies are not always feasible, linking research on the structural development of bilingual pre-school children with research on young adult heritage speakers adds a much needed perspective to understand the initial state and the end state of heritage language development. The purpose of this study is to connect the beginning of heritage language development with its ultimate attainment by comparing the expression of subjects in Spanish in 15 school-age bilingual children and 29 young adult heritage speakers, all of them simultaneous bilinguals with English as the dominant language and Spanish as the weaker language. The oral production of null and overt subjects by child and adult heritage speakers was compared to that of age-matched monolingual speakers in Mexico (20 children, 20 adults). To provide a wider context the study includes a group of 21 adult immigrants, who could also potentially influence the input to the heritage speakers. The results confirm that discourse pragmatic properties of subject expression in Spanish are vulnerable to incomplete acquisition and permanent optionality in child and adult bilingual grammars.
Investigation of mechanical responses to the tactile perception of surfaces with different textures using the finite element method
Authors: Tang Wei , Zhang Jiankai , Shi Xiaolu , Zhang Shaogang , Liu Songyong , Zhu Hua , Ge Shirong
Published: July 2016

Tactile perception is essential for humans to perceive the world, and it usually results in mechanical responses from the finger. In this study, a nonlinear, viscoelastic, and multilayered finite element model of the finger was developed. The relationship between the mechanical responses within the finger and tactile perception while the finger scanned different surface textures was studied. The results showed that the sensitivity of tactile perception is affected by the peak value of von Mises stress, which is itself determined by the shape and density of a given texture. The von Mises stress varies periodically with time, and this variation depends on the periodicity of the texture. Displacement signals around Pacinian corpuscles have periodic variation. The period of displacement decreases as the density of the texture increases. The spectral centroid increases as the spacing of the texture decreases. The related mechanisms are discussed in this article.
The influence of menu labelling on food choices among children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sacco Jocelyn , Lillico Heather G , Chen Emily , Hobin Erin
Published: July 2016

Introduction:

Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern internationally, and population-level interventions are needed to support healthy food choices. Existing reviews of menu labelling have focused predominantly on adults. However, childhood and adolescence are distinct periods of development during which longer term eating behaviours and food preferences are established. Although some studies have examined the effect of menu labelling among children and adolescents, no reviews have synthesised this evidence.

Objective:

To assess whether menu labelling influences the amount of calories ordered by children and adolescents (or parents on behalf of youth) in food outlets including restaurants and cafeterias.

Methods:

Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SocINDEX and Embase databases. Eleven relevant studies were identified from an initial search yielding 1,682 results. Studies were assessed using a validated quality assessment tool.

Results:

Examinations of hypothetical food purchases in artificial environments suggest that menu labelling may be efficacious in reducing calories purchased for or by children and adolescents. Real-world studies are less supportive, although school-based studies were generally positive. It is unclear whether contextual or interpretive menu-labelling formats are more effective compared to numeric calorie information alone.

Conclusion:

Evidence supporting the impact of menu labelling on lowering the energy content of restaurant and cafeteria food choices made for or by children or adolescents is limited. There remains a need for high-quality studies conducted in real-world settings.
Union Decline in a Neoliberal Age
Authors: Vachon Todd E. , Wallace Michael , Hyde Allen
Published: July 2016

This paper examines the long-run effects of globalization, financialization, and European integration on union density in 18 affluent capitalist democracies between 1981 and 2010. After appropriate controls, imports from developing and imports from advanced countries and financialization negatively affect, and capital mobility positively affects, unionization. Immigration has no consistent effect on unionization. Also, European integration—measured as logged years of membership in the European Union (EU)—negatively affects unionization. Interactions of EU membership with globalization and financialization variables reveal a complicated pattern with distinctive effects for EU and non-EU countries. Overall, our findings contribute to the ongoing stream of scholarly research about the causes of union decline among affluent democratic countries in the neoliberal period.
Jaw morphology and fighting forces in stag beetles
Authors: Goyens Jana , Dirckx Joris , Aerts Peter
Published: July 2016

The jaws of different species of stag beetles show a large variety of shapes and sizes. The male jaws are used as weapons in fights, and they may exert a very forceful bite in some species. We investigated in 16 species whether and how their forcefulness is reflected in their jaw morphology. We found a large range of maximal muscle forces (1.8N-33N; factor 18). Species investing in large bite muscles, also have disproportionately large jaw volumes. They use this additional jaw volume to elongate their jaws, increasing their winning chances in battles. The fact that this also decreases the mechanical advantage, is largely compensated by elongated in-levers. As a result, high muscle forces are correlated with elevated bite forces (0.27N-7.6N; factor 28). Despite the large difference in forcefulness, all investigated species experience similar Von Mises stresses in their jaws while biting (29MPa–114MPa; factor 4.0; calculated with Finite Element simulations). Hence, stag beetles have successfully adapted their jaw anatomy according to their bite force in fights.