bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hatching success and pesticide exposures in amphibians living in agricultural habitats of the South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada (2004–2006)
Authors: Bishop Christine A. , Ashpole Sara L. , Edwards A. Michelle , van Aggelen Graham , Elliott John E.
Published: April 2010

In 2004 to 2006, in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada, we measured pesticides, water chemistry, and hatching success of Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana), Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla), Western toad (Bufo boreas), and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris). Predator-proof cages containing Gosner Stage 4 eggs were placed in ponds in nonagricultural reference sites in conventionally sprayed and organic orchards. Seventeen pesticides were detected in ponds in sprayed orchards but occurred at low concentrations (ng/L) except for diazinon (1,410 ng/L). Chloride, sulfate, conductivity, nitrate, and phosphorus showed significant differences among sites. Spadefoot mean hatching success ranged from 0 to 92% among sprayed orchards, whereas the range was 48 to 98.6% among organic orchards and 51 to 95.5% among reference sites. Mean hatching success for Pacific treefrog was 22.1 to 76.1% among sprayed orchards, whereas the range was 83.4 to 97.1% among reference sites. Although sample sizes were small and replication was low, we found that trends in hatching success of eggs of Western toad and Columbia spotted frogs were consistent with the other species. Variables that correlated negatively with amphibian hatching success included 12 pesticides and seven water chemistry parameters. However, stepwise regression found that, in 2005, atrazine accounted for 79% of the variation in spadefoot hatching success and, in 2006, atrazine, total nitrate, and chlorpyrifos accounted for 80%. For Pacific treefrog there were no significant correlations with pesticide concentrations; rather, hatching success correlated with water chemistry parameters. The present study also emphasizes the variability in species sensitivity and importance of incorporating water chemistry into the interpretation of water quality for amphibians. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1593–1603. © 2010 SETAC
Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan, azinphosmethyl, and diazinon on Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla)
Authors: De Jong Westman Alexandra , Elliott John , Cheng Kim , van Aggelen Graham , Bishop Christine A.
Published: April 2010

We conducted dose–response exposures to compare the lethality of endosulfan, diazinon, and azinphosmethyl in the early-life stages of the Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla). Our experiment occurred in two 8-d phases: one, with developing embryos, and two, with Gosner Stage 27 tadpoles. Pesticide concentrations were representative of field-measured concentrations (60 ng/L of endosulfan, 50 ng/L of azinphosmethyl, and 350 ng/L of diazinon), in the same geographic areas where these species occur in British Columbia. Although the concentrations met the requirements for federal water quality guidelines, we observed mortalities, deformities, and other sublethal effects. Phase 1 consisted of exposing Gosner Stage 10 embryos in the pesticide solutions for a total of 8 d. Significant mortality of S. intermontana began posthatch in the highest lethal concentrations of the commercial formulations of endosulfan (Thiodan; LC208d = 2,672.7 ng/L) and diazinon (LC208d >175,000 ng/L). Phase 2 compared behavior, morphology, and survival of captive-reared tadpoles exposed to the same 8-d experimental regime as the embryo experiment. Endosulfan induced significant effects on behavior and morphology of P. regilla and significantly reduced survivorship of S. intermontana (LC208d = 77.1 ng/L). Abnormal behavior and excitability was observed in both species, with P. regilla tadpoles being more sensitive. At 60,000 ng/L endosulfan, P. regilla also lost pigmentation and exhibited abnormal tail morphology. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1604–1612. © 2010 SETAC
A novel implicit numerical treatment for non‐linear turbulence models using high and low Reynolds number formulations
Authors: Assato Marcelo , de Lemos Marcelo J. S.
Published: April 2010

Non‐linear turbulence models can be seen as an improvement of the classical eddy‐viscosity concept due to their better capacity to simulate characteristics of important flows. However, application of non‐linear models demand robustness of the numerical method applied, requiring a stable discretization scheme for convergence of all variables involved. Usually, non‐linear terms are handled in an explicit manner leading to possible numerical instabilities. Thus, the present work shows the steps taken to adapt a general non‐linear constitutive equation using a new semi‐implicit numerical treatment for the non‐linear diffusion terms. The objective is to increase the degree of implicitness of the solution algorithm to enhance convergence characteristics. Flow over a backward‐facing step was computed using the control volume method applied to a boundary‐fitted coordinate system. The SIMPLE algorithm was used to relax the algebraic equations. Classical wall function and a low Reynolds number model were employed to describe the flow near the wall. The results showed that for certain combination of relaxation parameters, the semi‐implicit treatment proposed here was the sole successful treatment in order to achieve solution convergence. Also, application of the implicit method described here shows that the stability of the solution either increases (high Reynolds with non‐orthogonal mesh) or preserves the same (low Reynolds number applications). Additional advantages of the procedure proposed here lie in the possibility of testing different non‐linear expressions if one considers the enhanced robustness and stability obtained for the entire numerical algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Trauma nach dem Unfall
Authors: Huber‐Lang Markus , Gebhard Florian
Published: April 2010

Schwere Stürze und Zusammenstöße führen nicht nur zu Knochenbrüchen – oftmals sind Ganzkörperentzündungen und ein versagendes Immunsystem noch größere Gefahren. Klinische Forscher suchen nach besseren Diagnose‐ und Therapiewegen
Der richtige Dreh
Authors: Robbeloth Lena
Published: April 2010

Jede Woche ein neuer Film: Seit Anfang 2009 präsentiert die DFG nach und nach alle Einrichtungen der Exzellenzinitiave auf einem Internet‐Videoportal. Zum Abschluss der Filmaufnahmen ein Erfahrungsbericht einer studentischen Redaktionsassistentin
Synthesis, characterization, antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor activities of some tris(pentafluorophenyl)arsenic(V) derivatives
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Singhal Kiran , Ranjan Ashok , Saxena A. K. , Raj Prem
Published: April 2010

A series of tris(pentafluorophenyl) arsenic(V) derivatives of the type (C6F5)3AsL2, (C6F5)3As(Cl)(L) [L = OCOC6H4(o‐OH), OCOC‐(OH)(C6H5)2, and 2‐(6‐OCH3C10H6)CH(CH3) COO], and cycloarsenates, (R = C6H5, p‐CF3C6H4, and p‐OCH3C6H4) have been isolated and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (infrared; 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR). These compounds were screened for their in vitro antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumor activities and were found to show moderate to significant activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:181–187, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20593
Luminal surface design of electrospun small‐diameter graft aiming at in situ capture of endothelial progenitor cell
Authors: Miyazu Katsuyuki , Kawahara Daigo , Ohtake Hiroshi , Watanabe Go , Matsuda Takehisa
Published: April 2010

If endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which circulate in blood flow, are captured on the luminal surface of an implanted artificial graft and sooner or later proliferate to form a fully endothelialized surface, such a small‐diameter artificial graft must exhibit a high patency rate. This study aimed at designing a luminal surface of elastomeric electrospun mesh graft, which is capable of selective capture of EPCs under arterial flow and has a high antithrombogenic potential until full endothelization is achieved. The designed luminal surface layer is composed of a photopolymerized gelatin gel layer that enables the release of impregnated heparin and selective adhesion of circulating EPCs via complexation between surface‐fixed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cellular VEGF receptor. Human mononuclear cells seeded and cultured on such a gel layer expressed endothelial cell surface markers. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation revealed that VEGF is highly surface‐enriched, and heparin is homogeneously distributed in the gel layer. A continuously slow release of heparin was observed. Thus, a prototype luminal surface was fabricated on electrospun segmented polyurethane tubes for in vivo study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Analgesic properties of calcium phosphate apatite loaded with bupivacaine on postoperative pain
Authors: Verron Elise , Gauthier Olivier , Janvier Pascal , Le Guen Herve , Holopherne Delphine , Cavagna Remi , Bouler Jean‐Michel
Published: April 2010

Synthetic calcium‐deficient apatites (CDA) are structurally similar to biological apatites and are well known as chemical precursors of biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP). BCP are mixtures of hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate and are widely used as bone substitutes in human surgery. Bupivacaine, a local anesthetic, has been loaded onto CDA using isostatic compaction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of such a local release on pain after having previously defined the in vitro release profile of bupivacaine. CDA was loaded with 1%, 4%, and 16% of bupivacaine using an isostatic compaction process. In vitro release profile assays performed indicated the complete release of bupivacaine after 24 h. Wistar male rats received 50 mg implants of CDA associated, respectively, with 0, 1%, 4%, and 16% of bupivacaine into the distal femur. Analgesia was measured using the electronic version of the Von Frey monofilament test, assessing the inflammatory response and a neurological score. During the first postoperative days, a dose‐dependent analgesic effect was observed with the bupivacaine adsorbed on the resorbable implant. This combined device system thus appears to release local anesthetic in a manner that prevents or limits postoperative pain following bone surgery. This innovative approach could be integrated into a global pain management program, for example, in the context of bone harvesting where bone reconstruction is required. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Effect of monomer composition on crystal growth by resin containing bioglass
Authors: Hashimoto Masanori , Iijima Masahiro , Nagano Futami , Ohno Hiroki , Endo Kazuhiko
Published: April 2010

This study evaluated the effect of resin monomer composition on crystal growth at the interface between the resin/bioglass composites and water. Light‐cured resin that contained 2‐bis[4(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxy‐propyloxy)‐phenyl], 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate with different compositions were used. Resin/bioglass composites were prepared with 40 mass% bioglass and 60 mass% resin. The resin/bioglass composites were stored in deionized distilled water for 24 h (control group) or 3–12 months (experimental groups). After water storage, the disk surfaces were examined by light‐ and scanning electron microscopy. Chemical states of the crystals were analyzed by laser‐Raman spectroscopy and micro‐X‐ray diffractometry. The microscopic analysis showed crystal on the resin disks surface after six months of water storage for hydrophilic resins. However, there was no crystal formation in the control and the experimental groups of specimens of hydrophobic resins. Raman analysis showed the chemical states of the crystals formed on the resin matrix and bioglass to be different. The micro‐X‐ray analysis of crystals on resin disks identified them to be calcium carbonate. This crystal formation occurred in water instead of simulated body fluid. In conclusion, the resin monomer compositions affected the ability to induce crystal growth on the surfaces of disks containing bioglass. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
The FRAX tool in French women: How well does it describe the real incidence of fracture in the OFELY cohort
Authors: Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Munoz Françoise , Delmas Pierre D , Chapurlat Roland D
Published: April 2010

The FRAX tool estimates an individual's fracture probability over 10 years from clinical risk factors with or without bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. The aim of our study was to compare the predicted fracture probabilities and the observed incidence of fracture in French women during a 10-year follow-up. The probabilities of fracture at four major sites (hip, clinical spine, shoulder, or wrist) and at the hip were calculated with the FRAX tool in 867 women aged 40 years and over from the Os des Femmes de Lyon (OFELY) cohort.The incidence of fracture was observed over 10 years. Thus 82 women sustained 95 incident major osteoporotic (OP) fractures including 17 fractures at the hip. In women aged at least 65 years (n = 229), the 10-year predicted probabilities of fracture with BMD were 13% for major OP fractures and 5% for hip fractures, contrasting with 3.6% and 0.5% in women younger than 65 years (p < .0001). The predicted probabilities of both major OP and hip fractures were significantly higher in women with osteoporosis (n = 77, 18% and 10%) and osteopenia (n= 390, 6% and 2%) compared with women with normal BMD (n = 208, 3% and <1%; p < .0001. The predicted probabilities of fracture were two and five times higher in women who sustained an incident major OP fracture and a hip fracture compared with women who did not (p < .0001). Nevertheless, among women aged at least 65 years with low BMD values (T-score ≤ –1; n = 199), the 10-year predicted probability of major OP fracture with BMD was 48% lower than the observed incidence of fractures (p < .01). A 10-year probability of major OP fracture higher than 12% identified more women with incident fractures than did BMD in the osteoporotic range (p < .05). In French women from the OFELY cohort, the observed incidence of fragility fractures over 10 years increased with age following a pattern similar to the predicted probabilities given by the FRAX tool. However, in women aged at least 65 years with low BMD, the observed incidence of fractures was substantially higher than the predicted probability. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects on bone geometry, density, and microarchitecture in the distal radius but not the tibia in women with primary hyperparathyroidism: A case-control study using HR-pQCT
Authors: Hansen Stinus , Beck Jensen Jens-Erik , Rasmussen Lars , Hauge Ellen M , Brixen Kim
Published: April 2010

Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) have continuously elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and consequently increased bone turnover with negative effects on cortical (Ct) bone with preservation of trabecular (Tb) bone. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a new technique for in vivo assessment of geometry, volumetric density, and microarchitecture at the radius and tibia. In this study we aimed to evaluate bone status in women with PHPT compared with controls using HR-pQCT. The distal radius and tibia of 54 women—27 patients with PHPT (median age 60, range 44–75 years) and 27 randomly recruited age-matched healthy controls (median age 60, range 44–76 years)—were imaged using HR-pQCT along with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiomentry (DXA) of the ultradistal forearm, femoral neck, and spine (L1–L4). Groups were comparable regarding age, height, and weight. In the radius, patients had reduced Ct area (Ct.Ar) (p = .008), Ct thickness (Ct.th) (p = .01) along with reduced total (p = .002), Ct (p = .02), and Tb (p = .02) volumetric density and reduced Tb number (Tb.N) (p = .04) and increased Tb spacing (Tb.sp) (p = .05). Ct porosity did not differ. In the tibia, no differences in HR-pQCT parameters were found. Moreover, patients had lower ultradistal forearm (p = .005), spine (p = .04), and femoral neck (p = 0.04) aBMD compared with controls. In conclusion, a negative bone effect of continuously elevated PTH with alteration of HR-pQCT assessed geometry, volumetric density, and both trabecular and cortical microarchitecture in radius but not tibia was found along with reduced aBMD by DXA at all sites in female patients with PHPT. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Gender differences in risk/protection profiles for low academic performance
Authors: Whitney Stephen D. , Renner Lynette M. , Herrenkohl Todd I.
Published: April 2010

Using holistic‐interactionistic theory, the simultaneous nature of risk and protection factors for both males and females (age 6–11 in Wave 1) is examined using latent profile analysis (LPA). Risk/protection classes are estimated using multiple risk factor variables (e.g., physical child abuse) and multiple protective factors (e.g., extracurricular activities). These risk/protection classes were used to predict low academic performance. For both males and females, high risk, low protection individuals were significantly more likely to experience low academic performance than low risk, high protection cases. Gender differences emerged in a class for females that included the importance of parental/peer disapproval of antisocial behavior as a protective factor that was not present for males. Findings support elements of the holistic‐interactionistic theory for human development and suggest the need to examine risk and protective factors in combination to account for their shared influences on developmental outcomes. Implications for youths underperforming academically are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Race, neighborhood disadvantage, and antisocial behavior among female juvenile offenders
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , Reppucci N. Dickon , Burnette Mandi , Reiner Scott
Published: April 2010

The current study evaluated the significance of two theoretical positions, differential involvement and differential selection, that may lead to disproportionate minority contact among female juvenile offenders. Using a longitudinal, multimethod research design, reoffending was assessed prospectively using self‐report data and official records of offending; neighborhood disadvantage was assessed using census level data. Results supported the differential selection hypothesis and found that Black girls were significantly more likely to get rearrested, particularly for nonviolent crimes, but both Black and White girls self‐reported similar levels of antisocial behavior. After accounting for neighborhood disadvantage, race was not significantly associated with nonviolent rearrest. The results highlight the important role of neighborhoods in explaining the discrepant representation of Black girls within the juvenile and criminal justice systems. They further suggest that neighborhoods might be a key conduit by which minorities are differentially “selected” into the justice system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the use of cutinase reversed micellar catalytic system for the production of biodiesel from triglycerides
Authors: Badenes Sara M. , Lemos Francisco , Cabral Joaquim M. S.
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND: This work evaluates the use of a reversed micellar catalytic system containing a lipolytic biocatalyst, cutinase, to promote the reaction of triglycerides with methanol, ethanol or butanol for the production of biodiesel in isooctane.

RESULTS: The specific activity of cutinase increased with increase of the alcohol chain length, and methanol showed a significant toxicity toward the enzyme leading to a specific activity decrease for high concentrations of this alcohol, which did not occur when ethanol or butanol were used. The composition of the mixture was analyzed and it was shown that, although the reaction could proceed without water, the presence of water allowed higher reaction rates and higher conversions, probably because water helps to maintain both the micellar structure and lipase conformation. Excess water, however, had a deleterious effect on conversion.

CONCLUSION: The influence of water and methanol, apart from micelle structure, was found to be linked to partition effects of diglyceride and monoglyceride, which may also have a significant impact on the reaction rate. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonoco meets economic challenges by delivering enhanced value for its customers through strong partnerships
Authors: Slater Jeff
Published: April 2010

As consumers responded to the global recession by shifting buying patterns toward lower‐price brands, this packaging products giant set out a new strategy of close collaboration with key consumer product manufacturers and retailers to add value through packaging innovations, process improvements, better communication, and higher value‐added services. The results: improved cash flow, lower inventory levels, new organizational capabilities, strengthened relationships, and competitive advantage for supplier and customer alike.

The author describes this new strategy along with several examples of Sonoco's supplier‐customer collaboration in action, including the development of a new award‐winning packaging product; creation of a new process for improved information exchange to reduce forecasting errors; implementation of joint production planning and vendor inventory management programs; and new services to help customers reduce their waste and environmental impact and improve productivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A changing scene: Comparing business cultures in Peru and the Netherlands
Authors: Torres Daniel More , Jones Stephanie
Published: April 2010

The objective of this study was initially to examine the differences in the business cultures of Peru and the Netherlands; in the process, it was discovered that the traditional view of the culture of Peru, as described in the cross‐cultural management literature, would appear to have lost some accuracy and relevance over the last 20–30 years. Peruvian businesspeople, quantitatively compared in matched pairs with Dutch counterparts, show cultural behavioral preferences at odds with the profile recorded by Hofstede. Meanwhile the Dutch sample, although showing some cultural evolution in the last few decades, reveals less dramatic culture change. To identify the cultural differences, a range of businesspeople in Peru and the Netherlands was surveyed. An overall total of 76 matched pairs (two individuals who were alike in terms of age, gender, years of education, and whether they were entrepreneurs, differing only in being Peruvian or Dutch) were questioned. It was concluded that, although based on a much smaller sample, these findings may shed doubt upon traditionally accepted profiles of other South American countries and, indeed, on other countries that may have undergone significant economic, social, and political change over recent decades. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Qualitative assessment of patient experiences following sacrectomy
Authors: Davidge K.M. , Eskicioglu C. , Lipa J. , Ferguson P. , Swallow C.J. , Wright F.C.
Published: April 2010

Background and Objectives

The primary objective was to investigate patient experiences following sacral resection as a component of curative surgery for advanced rectal cancers, soft tissue and bone sarcomas.

Methods

Qualitative methods were used to examine the experiences, decision‐making, quality of life, and supportive care needs of patients undergoing sacrectomy. Patients were identified from two prospective databases between 1999 and 2007. A semi‐structured interview guide was generated and piloted. Patient interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using standard qualitative research methodology. Grounded theory guided the generation of the interview guide and analysis.

Results

Twelve patients were interviewed (6 female, 32–82 years of age). The mean interview time was 34 min. Five themes were identified, including: (1) the life‐changing impact of surgery on both patients' and their family's lives, (2) patient satisfaction with immediate care in hospital, (3) significant chronic pain related to sacrectomy, (4) patients' need for additional information regarding long‐term recovery, and (5) patients' gratitude to be alive.

Conclusions

Sacrectomy is a life‐changing event for patients and their families. Patients undergoing sacrectomy need further information regarding the long‐term consequences of this procedure. This need should be addressed in both preoperative multi‐disciplinary consultations and at follow‐up visits. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:447–450. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer cell‐derived IL‐1α promotes HGF secretion by stromal cells and enhances metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Xu Donghui , Matsuo Yoichi , Ma Jiachi , Koide Shuji , Ochi Nobuo , Yasuda Akira , Funahashi Hitoshi , Okada Yuji , Takeyama Hiromitsu
Published: April 2010

Background and Objectives

Interleukin (IL)‐1α and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) play an important role in pancreatic cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate the cooperative role of HGF and IL‐1α in metastatic processes promoted by interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stromal cells.

Methods

Expression of IL‐1α and HGF mRNA and protein was determined by RT‐PCR and ELISA. The effect of HGF on metastatic potential was evaluated by proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis assays using an in vitro system consisting of co‐cultured tumor cells and stromal cells.

Results

IL‐1α expression was closely correlated with metastatic potential, and cancer cell‐derived IL‐1α significantly promoted HGF expression by fibroblasts (P < 0.01). HGF not only enhanced the invasiveness and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells, but also enhanced migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HGF significantly enhanced HUVEC tube formation (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the high liver‐metastatic pancreatic cancer cell line (BxPC‐3), which secretes IL‐1α, significantly enhanced HUVEC tube formation compared with the low liver‐metastatic cell line (Capan‐2), which does not produce IL‐1α (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Autocrine IL‐1α and paracrine HGF co‐enhance the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells via both IL‐1α and HGF signaling pathways. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:469–477. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic value of the sixth edition of the UICC's TNM classification and stage grouping for oral cancer
Authors: Kreppel Matthias , Eich Hans Theodor , Kübler Alexander , Zöller Joachim E. , Scheer Martin
Published: April 2010

Background

Carcinoma of the oral cavity is classified according to the TNM staging system of the UICC. The staging system is under continuous revision. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the UICC sixth edition for oral cancer, which was established in 2003.

Methods

Three‐hundred treatment‐naive patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of stages I–IVb were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with stage‐I disease were treated solely surgically, and patients with stage II–IVb received a multimodal treatment. Overall survival was plotted by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Univariate analysis showed a significant impact of T stage (P = 0.009), N stage (P < 0.001), and UICC stage (P < 0.001) on overall survival. However, no statistical differences were observed between stages T4a and T4b (P = 0.176) and UICC stages IVa and IVb (P = 0.306).

Conclusions

T stage, N stage, and UICC stage grouping are good predictors of overall survival in patients with OSCC. Neither the division of stage T4 into T4a and T4b in the sixth edition nor the split of stage IV into IVa and IVb showed significant differences in overall survival between the subgroups. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:443–449. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local recurrence rate of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in primary high‐grade sarcomas
Authors: Kaffenberger Benjamin H. , Wakely Paul E. , Mayerson Joel L.
Published: April 2010

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is an emerging technique for diagnosis of bone and soft tissue lesions. While multiple studies have demonstrated efficacy, cost‐effectiveness, and convenience, none have attempted to determine if the modality leads to an increased rate of local recurrence. Our objective was to determine whether FNAB could be linked to an increased rate of local recurrence.

Methods

We reviewed a database containing records of 388 patients who underwent FNAB without surgical biopsy tract excision between September 2002 and December 2006 in the orthopedics department at our institution. After application of rigid criteria to minimize confounding variables, 20 patients were retrospectively examined for local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Results

In this cohort, no local recurrences were seen over a mean follow‐up of 45 months. Fifteen percent of our patients developed one or more distant metastases over the same time interval. Our experience offers preliminary evidence for the safety of this method.

Conclusions

While further studies are needed, our data combined with already reported studies on efficacy, cost‐effectiveness, and convenience are encouraging for expanding the use of FNAB in the diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:618–621. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk‐reducing surgery in FAP: Role for surgeons beyond the incision
Authors: Neuman H.B. , Robbins L. , Duarte J. , Charlson M.E. , Weiser M.R. , Guillem J.G. , Wong W.D. , Temple L.K.
Published: April 2010

Background

Although primary therapy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is surgical, little is known about patients' surgical decision‐making experience. The objective was to explore the decision‐making process surrounding risk‐reducing surgery in FAP using qualitative methodology.

Methods

In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 14 FAP patients and 11 healthcare providers with experience caring for FAP patients were conducted. Using grounded theory, line‐by‐line content analysis identified categories from which themes describing patients' experiences emerged; analysis continued until data saturation.

Results

Median age at surgery was 23 (7–37) years; at interview 41 (19–74) years. Two patients underwent surgery secondary to cancer, the remainder for risk‐reduction. Content experts included colorectal surgeons (3), geneticists (2), gastroenterologists (3), nurses (3).

Three themes emerged: Information: Family was the primary information source, and patients' level of information varied. The importance of up‐front information was emphasized. Influences on decision‐making: Influential factors included family experiences, youth, emotional state, support, and decision‐making role. Although patients often sought opinions, most (12/14) wanted an active/shared role in decision‐making. Life after surgery: Patients described surgery as the “easy part,” emphasizing the need for long‐term relationships with care providers.

Conclusions

Decisions surrounding risk‐reducing surgery in FAP are unique. A decision support tool may facilitate decision‐making, better preparing patients for life after surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:570–576. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal assessment of residual disease after neo‐adjuvant therapy for locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer—clinical examination, mammography, or magnetic resonance imaging?
Authors: Wright F.C. , Zubovits J. , Gardner S. , Fitzgerald B. , Clemons M. , Quan M.L. , Causer P.
Published: April 2010

Purpose

Accurate assessment of residual disease after neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NEC) for women with locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer (LABC) is critical for planning surgery. The study's purpose was to prospectively determine the optimal method (clinical examination (CE), mammogram (MG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) for assessing residual disease after NEC for women with LABC.

Methods

Women with LABC who received NEC and surgery were enrolled. Patient demographics, tumor size as measured by CE, MG, and MRI both before and after NEC, and final pathologic size of tumor were collected. Response to NEC was calculated using RECIST criteria. Paired t‐tests and the Pearson correlation were used to compare tumor size on CE, MG, MRI, and final pathology.

Results

Forty‐eight women with 50 LABC were recruited. Mean pre‐NEC tumor size was 8.2, 5.1, and 6.2 cm on CE, MG, and MRI. Mean post‐NEC tumor size was 2.4, 4.3, 3.9, and 3.6 cm on CE, MG, MRI, and final pathology. The Pearson correlation co‐efficient between post‐NEC measurements and pathology was 0.63 (CE), 0.15 (MG), and 0.49 (MRI).

Conclusion

We found that there was limited correlation between the extent of residual disease after NEC for patients with LABC as assessed by CE, MG, and MRI as compared to final pathology. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:604–610. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posttraumatic stress reactions in siblings after mutual disaster: Relevance of family factors
Authors: Nygaard Egil , Jensen Tine K. , Dyb Grete
Published: April 2010

In this study, the importance of family factors in the development of posttraumatic stress reactions in children after trauma is studied by comparing siblings and nonsiblings who experienced the tsunami in Southeast Asia in 2004 as tourists. Thirty‐eight sibling pairs aged 6–17 years were interviewed using the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index. The sibling differences were similar to differences found in randomly selected children in the same sample, indicating that family influences may not be as important as anticipated. The results are an important contribution to our understanding of what contributes to and influences the development of posttrauma reactions in children. They also suggest the importance of conducting individual assessments even after mutually experienced trauma.
The efficacy of early propranolol administration at reducing PTSD symptoms in pediatric injury patients: A pilot study
Authors: Nugent Nicole R. , Christopher Norman C. , Crow John P. , Browne Lorin , Ostrowski Sarah , Delahanty Douglas L.
Published: April 2010

Initial research supports the use of propranolol to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); research has not examined pharmacological prevention for children. Twenty‐nine injury patients (ages 10–18 years old) at risk for PTSD were randomized to a double‐blind 10‐day trial of propranolol or placebo initiated within 12 hours postadmission. Six‐week PTSD symptoms and heart rate were assessed. Although intent‐to‐treat analyses revealed no group differences, findings supported a significant interaction between gender and treatment in medication‐adherent participants, ΔR2 = .21. Whereas girls receiving propranolol reported more PTSD symptoms relative to girls receiving placebo, ΔR2 = .44, boys receiving propranolol showed a nonsignificant trend toward fewer PTSD symptoms than boys receiving placebo, ΔR2 = .32. Findings inform gender differences regarding pharmacological PTSD prevention in youth.
Effect of porosity of phosphate coating on corrosion resistance of galvanized and phosphated steels Part II: Evaluation of corrosion resistance
Authors: Teixeira C. H. S. B. , Alvarenga E. A. , Vasconcelos W. L. , Lins V. F. C.
Published: April 2010

The effect of porosity of phosphate coatings on the corrosion resistance of ungalvanized (UG), electrogalvanized, and hot dip galvanized steels is evaluated in this study. The corrosion resistance of phosphatized and painted steel is related to the integrity and continuity of phosphate and paint layers, and pores in the phosphate layer affect the corrosion resistance of material. The porosity of the phosphate coating was evaluated by using the cathodic polarization electrochemical test. To evaluate the corrosion resistance of the phosphatized and painted steels, they were submitted to accelerated corrosion tests. As was expected, the creepback from the scribe increased with the increase in porosity. This behavior was evident for UG steel, but less evident for galvanized steels due to cathodic protection and/or barrier effect of the zinc coating.
Corrosion resistance of Ni‐50Cr HVOF coatings on 310S alloy substrates in a metal dusting atmosphere
Authors: Saaedi J. , Arabi H. , Coyle T. W. , Mirdamadi S. , Ghorbani H.
Published: April 2010

Metal dusting attack has been examined after three 168 h cycles on two Ni‐50Cr coatings with different microstructures deposited on 310S alloy substrates by the high velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) thermal‐spray process. Metal dusting in uncoated 310S alloy specimens was found to be still in the initiation stage after 504 h of exposure in the 50H2:50CO gas environment at 620 °C. Dense Ni‐50Cr coatings offered suitable resistance to metal dusting. Metal dusting was observed in the 310S substrates adjacent to pores at the interface between the substrate and a porous Ni‐50Cr coating. The porosity present in the as‐deposited coatings was shown to introduce a large variability into coating performance. Carbon formed by decomposition of the gaseous species accumulated in the surface pores and resulted in the dislodgement of surface splats due to stresses generated by the volume changes. When the corrosive gas atmosphere was able to penetrate through the interconnected pores and reach the coating–substrate interface, the 310S substrate was carburized, metal dusting attack occurred, and the resulting formation of coke in the pores led to local failure of the coating.
Integral diagnostic in the failure causes of external corrosion of a natural gas transport pipeline
Authors: Mora‐Mendoza J. L. , Saucedo‐Robles L. C. , Rodríguez‐Clemente H. , González‐Núñez M. A. , Zavala‐Olivares G. , Hernández‐Gayosso M. J.
Published: April 2010

The objective of this study consisted in investigating the possible causes which give rise to the presence of low wall pipe thicknesses on a 16″ natural gas transport pipeline, even though during the last 12‐year period cathodic protection (CP) potentials were kept in the protection range at which external corrosion should not occur. Results from in‐line inspection from a 16″ natural gas transport pipeline showed 46 indications with more than 80% wall thickness lost due to external corrosion in the second segment of the pipeline. Direct inspection at the indication locations, review of the CP system performance, pipeline maintenance programs and studies, allowed to make an integral diagnostic where it was found out that the main cause of external corrosion was an inappropriate coating application since the pipeline construction, this situation has originated the increase of CP shielding effects through time.
Polarization resistance measurements of bars embedded in concrete with different chloride concentrations: EIS and DC comparison
Authors: Martínez I. , Andrade C.
Published: April 2010

The experimental conditions for corrosion rate measurements of reinforcement by means of the polarization resistance technique, Rp, in order to obtain reliable values (in accordance with the gravimetric losses simultaneously measured) must consider some factors as are: the need to subtract ohmic drop generated by the high resistivity of the concrete, the need to wait a certain time after application of the current, the use of a certain sweep rate in order to obtain a quasi‐steady‐state value of the conjugated variable (potential/current), the need to avoid the overlapping with other processes, and the need to use a correct B value in Stern formula. These experimental requirements should be optimized for the individual kinetic of each system. From time to time several papers are published wondering whether Rp measurements in concrete are reliable. Present paper extends the study of the experimental conditions influence in the Rp determination in order to look more in detail to the accuracy of Rp technique. Several sweep rates in potentiodynamic tests, different waiting times with galvanostatic and potentiostatic pulses and different frequencies in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, were tested in order to compare the most suitable parameters that provide correct values of the corrosion rate, Icorr.
Polymerization of Cyclosiloxanes by Means of Triflic Acid and Metal Triflates
Authors: Yashiro Takao , Kricheldorf Hans R. , Schwarz Gert
Published: April 2010

Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) were equilibrated with potassium tert‐butoxide or triflic acid in bulk at 100 °C to elaborate the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra, SEC elution curve, and MALDI‐TOF (MT) mass spectrum of a fully equilibrated poly(dimethylsiloxane). Surprisingly, triflic acid did not effect complete equilibration (even after 360 h), seemingly because cleavage of Si–C bonds eliminates the acidic proton. Large amounts of D4 and D5 together with small amount of D6 were formed in the early stage of the polymerization in contrast to potassium alkoxide‐catalyzed polymerizations. The usefulness of numerous metal triflates as polymerization catalysts of D3 was explored, and only the most acidic ones were active. Bismuth and hafnium triflate catalyzed a polymerization mechanism similar to that of triflic acid but were more active despite their poor solubility. BiCl3 and HfCl4 were considerably less reactive and the polymerization kinetics were quite different from those of the metal triflate catalyzed polymerizations. The decisive role of acidic protons was revealed by addition of a proton scavenger. Bismuth triflate proved to be an interesting and useful catalyst because it combines the highest activity with poor solubility and low toxicity.

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Emotional Information Management: Concept development and measurement in public service announcements
Authors: Taute Harry A. , Huhmann Bruce A. , Thakur Ramendra
Published: April 2010

Research on emotion as information in persuasive communication and ad response has created a need for a measure of individual abilities in the management of emotional information. Previous measures (e.g., emotional intelligence measures) lack adequate validity and reliability for use in persuasion and advertising contexts. Four studies iteratively refine a parsimonious Emotional Information Management scale that corresponds to theoretical dimensions of the construct and interrelationships between those dimensions—recognition of emotion, regulatory processes of optimistic utilization and management of emotions, as well as cognitive and emotional empathy. Reliability and construct validity are demonstrated, and scale norms are established. Although gender does not affect recognition of emotions or cognitive empathy, females exhibit greater emotional empathy ability, whereas males exhibit greater emotion regulation ability. Measuring emotional information management should contribute to greater understanding of responses to emotion‐laden or emotion‐eliciting persuasive communication (e.g., public service announcements). ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal, caudate, and ventricular changes in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia
Authors: Apostolova Liana G. , Beyer Mona , Green Amity E. , Hwang Kristy S. , Morra Jonathan H. , Chou Yi‐Yu , Avedissian Christina , Aarsland Dag , Janvin Carmen C. , Larsen Jan P. , Cummings Jeffrey L. , Thompson Paul M.
Published: April 2010

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI) and with dementia (PDD). Using radial distance mapping, we studied the 3D structural and volumetric differences between the hippocampi, caudates, and lateral ventricles in 20 cognitively normal elderly (NC), 12 cognitively normal PD (PDND), 8 PDMCI, and 15 PDD subjects and examined the associations between these structures and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III:motor subscale and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance. There were no hippocampal differences between the groups. 3D caudate statistical maps demonstrated significant left medial and lateral and right medial atrophy in the PDD vs. NC, and right medial and lateral caudate atrophy in PDD vs. PDND. PDMCI showed trend‐level significant left lateral caudate atrophy vs. NC. Both left and right ventricles were significantly larger in PDD relative to the NC and PDND with posterior (body/occipital horn) predominance. The magnitude of regionally significant between‐group differences in radial distance ranged between 20–30% for caudate and 5–20% for ventricles. UPDRS Part III:motor subscale score correlated with ventricular enlargement. MMSE showed significant correlation with expansion of the posterior lateral ventricles and trend‐level significant correlation with caudate head atrophy. Cognitive decline in PD is associated with anterior caudate atrophy and ventricular enlargement. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The estimated benefits of vitamin D for Germany
Authors: Zittermann A.
Published: April 2010

This article gives an overview of the vitamin D status in Germany, provides evidence for an independent association of vitamin D deficiency with various chronic diseases, and discusses preventive measures for improving vitamin D status in Germany. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is 40–45% in the general German population. An additional 15–30% are vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D can prevent falls and osteoporotic fractures in older people. There is also accumulating evidence that vitamin D may prevent excess mortality and may probably prevent some chronic diseases that occur in early life such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Adherence to present sun safety policy (avoidance of the sun between 11 am and 3 pm) and dietary recommendations (5–10 μg daily for adults) would, however, definitively lead to vitamin D deficiency. The estimated cost saving effect of improving vitamin D status in Germany might be up to 37.5 billion € annually. It should be the goal of nutrition and medical societies to erase vitamin D deficiency in Germany within the next 5–10 years. To achieve this goal, the daily production of at least 25 μg of vitamin D in the skin or an equivalent oral intake should be guaranteed.
Grafting of regenerated cellulose membrane by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and its pH‐resposive behavior
Authors: Pan Kai , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhu Jie , Cao Bing
Published: April 2010

Regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes which have pH modulated permeability have been prepared by anchoring the hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide, followed by grafting with acrylic acid (AA) using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The obtained membranes were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectrometer (ATR‐FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TGA and the results showed that AA had been grafted onto the membrane surfaces successfully. Then the pH modulated permeability properties were tested by water flux measurement. All results show that the pH modulated permeability properties of a RC membrane can be obtained by surface‐initiated ATRP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.