bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Особенности мотивации к достижению студентов разных форм обучения
Authors: Malyshev Ivan Viktorovich
Published: September 2022

В статье рассматривается проблематика мотивации к достижению личности у студентов. Анализируются важные составляющие мотивационной сферы личности, тенденции к успеху или стремления к избеганию неудачи, а также мотиваторы социально-психологической активности личности. Анализируются результаты исследования характеристик мотивации личности у студентов разных форм обучения. Отмечено, что у студентов очной формы обучения в характерна мотивация достижения в учебной деятельности. При этом у студентов заочного отделения в большей степени проявляется стремление к достижению успеха в целом. Результаты эмпирического исследования подтверждены статистически значимыми различиями в нескольких показателях мотивации к достижению.
The Association between COVID-19 Media-Literacy and the Fear of COVID-19 among Pakistani Students During Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Sohail Ahmad
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic in Pakistan is associated with many psychological and social effects. This study aimed to examine the association between COVID-19 media-literacy and the fear of COVID-19 among students during the coronavirus crisis. This study was conducted on 200 students of the Aga Khan University (Karachi, Pakistan) which were selected with a multistage sampling method. To collect the data, the COVID-19 media-literacy scale (C-19MLS) and the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) were used. Data were obtained using the SPSS-21 software. The findings of this study showed that the COVID-19 media-literacy was inadequate in participants. Also, COVID-19 media-literacy was related to the Fear of COVID-19.
Проблема мотивации употребления допинга и формирования антидопинговых установок у молодых спортсменов в отечественной и зарубежной науке
Authors: Smirnov Victor Mikhailovich
Published: September 2022

Статья посвящена представленности проблемы исследования психологических мотивов употребления допинга молодыми спортсменами и формирования антидопингового поведения в зарубежной и отечественной науке. Делается вывод, что, несмотря на неоспоримую актуальность проблематики формирования антидопингового поведения, уделяется недостаточное внимание исследованию условий, факторов и механизмов формирования и интериоризации антидопинговых установок. Именно данное направление и должно стать приоритетным в практико-ориентированной науке в настоящее время.
Самоактуализация личности студентов в контексте преодолевающего поведения
Authors: Lisyeva Elena Mikhailovna
Published: September 2022

В статье рассматривается проблема самоактуализации личности с точки зрения преодолевающего поведения студентов в современных условиях. Подчеркивается роль самоактуализации личности и копинг-стрессовых стратегий у молодых людей с позиций современности. Автором обосновывается понимание самоактуализации личности и преодолевающего поведения учеными в области психологической науки. Представлены результаты эмпирического исследования, свидетельствующие о развитии основных копинг-стрессовых стратегий на примере студентов вуза.
Анализ вовлеченности социально-общественных институтов для эффективности оказания психологической помощи украинским беженцам
Authors: Vasyukov Andrey Valerievich
Published: September 2022

Статья содержит результаты теоретического анализа публикаций в научных журналах, посвященных психологическим проблемам украинских беженцев. Данные проблемы могут быть следствием психологических травм, дистресса и наносить существенный вред ментальному здоровью беженцев. Делается вывод о необходимости оказания комплексной профессиональной психологической помощи беженцам.
Образ России и образ «чужого» в сознании украинской молодежи
Authors: Osin Roman Viktorovich , Roganova Anastasia Evgenievna
Published: September 2022

В статье представлены результаты исследования образа России и образа «чужого» в сознании граждан Украины и сопряженной с этим социальной дистанцированности украинской молодежи к различным национальностям. По мнению авторов, социальная дистанция является частью психодиагностического комплекса, способствующего образованию ксенофобии. Во время оценки степени социальной дистанции установлено, что наибольшее неприятие у украинцев вызывают русские, арабы, афроамериканцы и африканцы.
A teofania cósmica e a metafísica da luz em Nicolau de Cusa
Authors: Bazmandegan Marcos Daniel Santos
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho tem por principal objetivo mostrar a centralidade da temática da teofania na obra de Nicolau de Cusa (1401-1464) e apresentar a evolução desta mesma temática ao longo dos seus escritos. Para tal, procederemos à análise da terminologia utilizada para descrever o processo teofânico (explicatio dei, theophania ou apparitio dei, apparitio posse ipsius) e o seu concomitante desenvolvimento a partir da hermenêutica dos nomes divinos (possest, posse, posse ipsum). Pretende também mostrar como o pensamento da teofania é aquele que melhor exprime, na filosofia cusana, a relação entre Deus e as criaturas, bem como o estatuto metafísico da própria criatura. Para isso, recorre a um exame analítico-cronológico das obras que consideramos mais pertinentes para o estudo da evolução desta temática, algumas das quais são muito pouco conhecidas no âmbito nacional: De docta ignorantia (1440), De quaerendo Deum (1445), De filiatione dei (1445), De dato patris luminum (1446), Trialogus de possest (1460), De venatione sapientiae (1463), Compendium (1463), De apice theoriae (1464). O pensamento da teofania no Cusano carateriza-se pela sua originalidade e dinamismo. Num primeiro momento, este pensamento é elaborado a partir dos conceitos herdados da tradição, particularmente da corrente do neoplatonismo cristão - Pseudo-Dionísio Areopagita, João Escoto Eriúgena e Thierry de Chartres -, que faz uso recorrente da metáfora da luz. Num segundo momento, através do desenvolvimento da metafísica do poder, Nicolau de Cusa vai cunhar uma terminologia própria e bastante original, capaz de expressar melhor o dinamismo de todo o seu sistema metafísico. Este trabalho pretende, a partir da análise das obras acima mencionadas, apresentar este percurso a fim de mostrar como a relação entre Deus e as criaturas que está implicada no processo criativo e que configura o próprio estatuto metafísico da criatura pode ser mais bem entendida na obra cusana a partir do conceito de apparitio posse ipsius.
Lisinopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for the treatment of idiopathic oligospermia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rahman Farzana , Ishrat Shakeela , Halder Suravi , Nasrin Ivy , Amir Mumtahena
Published: September 2022

Background: Oligospermia or low concentration of sperm is a common finding in male infertility. Alterations in the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may be one of the mechanisms underlying male infertility and ACE inhibitors may improve the sperm count. The objective was to compare the effects of lisinopril and zinc-folic acid with zinc-folic acid alone on idiopathic oligospermia in infertile males.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility of a medical university from March 2021 to February 2022. A total 78 diagnosed cases of infertile males with idiopathic oligospermia were selected for this study. Eligible men who gave their informed consent were randomly allocated to receive either a combination of low dose lisinopril (2.5 mg) and zinc-folic acid or zinc-folic acid alone for 12 weeks. Pretreatment and post treatment semen parameters, including sperm concentration, sperm motility and total motile sperm count were assessed.Results: There was significant rise in sperm concentration and total motile sperm count in both groups but the mean difference in sperm concentration (2.36±2.04 vs 1.53±1.8 million/ml) and total motile sperm count (11.64±8.28 vs 9.95±6.11 million) were higher in those receiving Lisinopril in addition to zinc folic acid. The percentage increase of sperm count was higher (22.65 vs 16.70 million) in this group. Normalization of sperm count (sperm count ≥15 million/ml) was also higher in this group (18.4% vs 8.3%) with relative risk 2.21, 95% CI (0.648-4.56 %).Conclusions: Lisinopril given orally at the dosage of 2.5 mg/day with zinc-folic acid for 12 weeks appears to be well tolerated among men with oligospermia and improves sperm count by a small margin when compared to zinc folic acid only.
Vitamin D Supplementation in women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Halder Suravi , Ishrat Shakeela , Rahman Farzana , Nasrin Ivy , Amir Mumtahena , Majumdar Bipul Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) predicts decreased ovarian response to stimulation. Low serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is associated with DOR. AMH is a marker of ovarian reserve and acts as a predictor of ovarian response to ovarian stimulation protocol. The AMH is up regulated by vitamin D via vitamin D response elements that bind the vitamin D receptor. Vitamin D supplementation has a role in increasing serum AMH. The objective was to compare the combined effect of vitamin D and DHEA vs DHEA alone on serum AMH in DOR.  Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from March 2021 to February 2022. A total of 44 infertile women with DOR, 20 to 39 years were allocated into two groups, one received vitamin D plus DHEA for 8 weeks and the other received DHEA alone for the same duration. After 8 weeks of treatment, both groups had repeat assessment of AMH, FSH and transvaginal sonography for AFC. Results: There was no significant difference in serum AMH after vitamin D supplementation in women with DOR. But the spontaneous pregnancy during intervention was 2.57 times more in those given vitamin D supplementations in addition to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).Conclusions: Short term vitamin D supplementation adds little to the effect of increasing AMH but favors spontaneous pregnancy in women with DOR.
Letrozole versus dienogest in endometrioma recurrent after surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Amir Mumtahena , Ishrat Shakeela , Nasrin Ivy , Halder Suravi , Rahman Farzana , Hossain M. Rifat Zia
Published: September 2022

Background: Letrozole is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor. As there is aberrant aromatase production by endometriotic stromal cells and the growth and regression of endometriosis is estrogen-dependent, the use of letrozole to reduce the size and symptoms of endometrioma especially in recurrent cases is a promising medical intervention. Dienogest is a fourth-generation progestin which is being used for the treatment of endometriosis due to its antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties on endometrial tissue. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of letrozole and dienogest on endometrioma recurrent after surgery.Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted on 38 women having recurrence of endometrioma after surgery. They were randomly assigned to receive either letrozole (2.5 mg daily) or dienogest (2 mg once daily) for 6 months. Size of the endometrioma was measured by transvaginal ultrasound and the pain (dysmenorrhoea) was measured on a visual analog scale (VAS) of 0-10, prior to treatment and after 3 and 6 months of treatment.Results: The mean size of endometrioma was reduced from a baseline of 6.06±2.40 cm to 5.23±1.37 cm and to 4.59±1.25 cm after 3 and 6 months of treatment with letrozole. While with dienogest the reduction was from a baseline of 6.67±1.31 cm to 4.83±1.50 cm and to 3.80±1.34 cm after 3 and 6 months of treatment. The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant but dienogest yielded better result in terms of effect size. Decrease in pain (dysmenorrhoea) was highly significant with both the drugs.Conclusions: In terms of reduction of the size of endometrioma, dienogest yields better results than letrozole. Both the drugs are highly effective in alleviating pain (dysmenorrhoea).
Recent trends in the pattern and long-term management strategy of patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome in India: an observational study
Authors: Nayak Mithilesh , Patel Dixit , Chaturvedi Alok , Shah Ankita
Published: September 2022

Background: The understanding of demographic patterns and the real-world management practices for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) will facilitate optimizing the management strategies for ACS based on the patient’s clinical profile and the associated risk factors in Indian patients. Hence, this study determined the demographic details and the treatment patterns in Indian patients with ACS.Methods: The RECent trends in the pattern and lOng-term management stRategy of patients Diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome in India (RECORD ACS-2) study was a real-world, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study conducted at various centres across India between 2021 and 2022. The study outcomes included the demographic profile and therapeutic management in patients with ACS.Results: A total of 9945 patients with a mean age of 59 years were included. The ACS was commonly observed in the age group of 41-70 years with highest incidence in the age group of 51-60 years. The ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was most common (53.2%) presentation. Hypertension (37.2%) and dyslipidemia (29.3%) followed by diabetes (21.3%) were the most common comorbidities. Single vessel disease was the most common angiographic feature (58%). Percutaneous coronary intervention was the most preferred management strategy (57%). Ticagrelor was the most preferred loading (68.3%) as well as maintenance (71.2%) P2Y12 inhibitor in ACS patients. Most of the patients (81.8%) had received high intensity statin therapy for the secondary prevention of the disease.Conclusions: The prevalence of ACS was high between 51-60 years of age, more so in males, smokers, and physically less active patients. Associated comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Incidence of STEMI was high, and more than half of the patients underwent PCI. Ticagrelor was the most preferred P2Y12 inhibitor in ACS patients for loading as well as maintenance therapy.
Spondylocostal dysplasia: a rare cause of respiratory distress in term neonates
Authors: Bhargava Anshul , Susnerwala Sukena J. , Kaur Samandeep , Krishna Akshaya
Published: September 2022

Jarcho-Levin syndrome (JLS) also known as spondylocostal dysplasia is a rare congenital dysplastic disorder involving ribs and vertebrae. It as an autosomal recessive form of inheritance however dominant forms have also been reported. Multiple genes have been postulated to be causative, however exact genetic basis is not known. Infants usually present at birth with respiratory distress and have varying degree of thoracic and vertebral anomalies. We present a case of term male infant with a clinical diagnosis of JLS. The infant presented at birth with distress with no significant antenatal risk factors. On examination he was found to have a short neck, short trunk, accessory nipple with asymmetrical chest wall. X-ray suggested absent ribs (2-8) on left side with hemivertebrae (T3-T8). The baby was managed conservatively and is being followed up with neonatologists, orthopaedicians and pediatric surgeons.
Role of statins in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Hamed S. , Alkhalaf Khalaf M. , AlJafen Ahmad S. , Alotaibi Mutlaq G. , Algudaihi Mohammed M. , Alhawiti Basmah H. , Al Hamad Fatima F. , Alessa Abdullah A. , Saif Ghofran B. Al , Alshammari Bader T. , Balkhy Saadiah A.
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular disease continues to remain a global health challenge due to its increasing trend of prevalence. Almost, 6.2 million deaths were caused by cardiovascular diseases among patients of age range 30-70 years in 2019. The burden of cardiovascular diseases can only be reduced by implementation of effective preventive strategies. Primary prevention is of utmost importance since individuals at risk are treated beforehand thus reducing the chance of development of disease. Statins are lipid lowering agents and are used in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about role of statins in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Generally, statins are considered as safe and effective medications to treat and reduce the morbidity of cardiovascular diseases. The relative risk of coronary events, cardiovascular disease mortality, non-fatal strokes, and all-cause mortality is decreased with statin therapy. Elderly population or individuals at risk of development of cardiovascular diseases can be efficiently managed by statin therapy. Some studies associate the occurrence of diabetes with the use of statins but most of the studies recommend the role of statins in prevention as benefits outweigh the risks. Literature also supports the role of statins in primary prevention although more clinical studies in future can yield better evidence-based results to support the use of statins especially in primary prevention.
Drug selection for sedation in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bogari Ahmed F. , Abafallata Doha T. , Tumayhi Wedad A. , Alhaddaf Muntathir H. , Alsaadi Maram F. , Alghamdi Samah S. , Alrashed Ahmed A. , Alosaimi Rawan M. , Alqahtani Hassan A. S. , Almalki Saeed A. , Alaama Jumana O.
Published: September 2022

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extensively used for the diagnostic purposes. Patients who undergo MRI usually spend 30 to 45 minutes in a magnetically confined, loud environment. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality diagnostic images, the majority of children and agitated adults need anaesthesia or sedation to remain calm and in position. The success of sedation for MRIs has typically been evaluated based on both the safety of the procedure and its efficacy. It can be challenging to keep the patient's respiration and hemodynamic steady while achieving the profound sedation level required to stop them from moving. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about drug selection for sedation in MRI. For painless diagnostic MRI, a single sedative or anaesthetic drug without analgesia is safer than a cocktail of several sedatives. Various commonly used drugs for sedation are dexmedetomidine, ketamine, chloral hydrate, midazolam, pentobarbital among others. Each drug has its own efficacy and safety profile along with certain side effects. It is critically important for the physician to choose the sedative drug appropriately. Drugs used for sedative purposes should have some definite characteristics including quick onset of action, wide therapeutic window, predictable duration among certain others. Dexmedetomidine, which preserves respiratory drive, and propofol, which has a high effectiveness and quick recovery, are currently chosen for children having an ambulatory MRI. Also, the combination of these drugs is used to sedate patients. Research in future can significantly contribute to defining elaborated criteria for selection of drugs since the available literature is scarce and limited mainly to paediatric population studies.
Accidental swallowing of dentures: case report and literature review
Authors: Hussain Tanvir , Slattery Fionn , Munir Javid
Published: September 2022

Unintentional ingestion of dentures is relatively common. Several factors have been implicated in increasing the risk of accidental denture swallowing including neurological impairments, dementia, cerebral hemorrhage, intoxication, and learning difficulties. This paper will aim to discuss a case and review the literature on accidental ingestion of dentures. The paper involved reviewing a case of accidental denture ingestion by a 34-year-old male patient. The patient ingested his dentures while eating ice cream. He displayed no signs of respiratory distress and reported difficulty ingesting solids, nausea, and a feeling of something lodged in his throat. X-rays revealed an increase in the anteroposterior diameter prevertebral space. The dentures were removed by direct laryngoscopy with the aid of optical foreign body removal forceps. The case and the literature review revealed that denture ingestion can occur when engaging in high-risk activities such as falls, eating, anesthesia, drinking, and sleeping. The site of denture impaction determines the signs and symptoms that the patient will present. Complications associated with denture impaction may include necrosis, bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. Assessing the patient involves considering psycho-neurological deficits, the possibility of mental health problems, oral assessment, the nature and dimensions of the ingested denture, and the presence of complications. Treatment typically involves wait-and-watch, endoscopy, or surgery. Accidental ingestion of dentures can constitute a medical or airway emergency that should be managed promptly. The management of such patients should involve considerations of the site of ingestion and the possibility of complications.
Oral and dental manifestations in chronic renal failure with type 2 diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Gowher Jabeena
Published: September 2022

The significance of oral health care, in management of chronic renal failure with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CRF with T2DM) has been widely acknowledged. However, attention to the oral health care has been lacking, especially in developing countries like India because of high burden of renal diseases.

To assess the prevalence of oral and dental manifestations in chronic renal failure with type 2 diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis and healthy individuals.

: This study was conducted in department of oral pathology, Vydehi Institute of dental sciences, Bangalore. A total of 51 subjects comprising of 24 chronic renal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 27 healthy individuals were considered for the study. Oral examination was performed using diagnostic instruments as described by Kerr, Ash, and Millard.

Oral lesions such as gingivitis 14(52%), and periodontitis 4(15%) were most frequently seen lesion in CRF with T2DM when compared to healthy individuals. Candidal infection were found to be 4(17%) in CRF with T2DM and 2(7%) in healthy individuals. Other findings were uremic fetor showed highest prevalence followed by xerostomia, halitosis and so forth. The difference between the group were found to be statistically significant (P<0.005).

The study showed the increase in prevalence of oral manifestations in CRF with T2DM as compared to Healthy controls. As the incidence of CRF cases continues to rise worldwide, early diagnosis of oral manifestations and their appropriate management can improve the quality of life.
Elaboração de massa fresca enriquecida com mix de farinhas da fração foliar de hortaliças
Authors: De Souza Andressa , Hernandes Ogeda Claudia
Published: September 2022

O aproveitamento integral de alimentos está diretamente relacionado ao decréscimo do desperdício. Com o objetivo de documentar uma alternativa para o uso de partes não convencionais de alimentos foi desenvolvida uma massa fresca do tipo fettuccine enriquecida com mix de farinhas vegetais obtidas através da desidratação da fração foliar de hortaliças aproveitando ainda, para avaliar sua composição centesimal e sua aceitação sensorial. Foi realizada desidratação dos talos e folhas em estufa a 60 Graus Celsius e a incorporação das farinhas à massa fresca foi realizada através de um mix em proporções iguais. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas e fibras, além de avaliação sensorial para os parâmetros cor, aroma, sabor, textura e impressão global. Os resultados apontaram que esse alimento é considerado fonte de fibra alimentar e proteína tendo apresentado 5,20 e 7,8% em relação aos respectivos nutrientes. Observou-se ainda, que o produto analisado apresenta 3,1% a mais de fibra alimentar do que uma massa fresca industrializada. O índice de aceitação foi de 74,90%. Concluiu-se que essa é uma opção nutricionalmente favorável que auxilia no controle do desperdício.
ÉTICA EMPRESARIAL EN LA AGRICULTURA
Authors: Brasil  , SAUER Aline Vanessa , CANCELLIER Eduardo L. , PEÑA Gonzalo Diego
Published: September 2022

Así, la ética como rama del conocimiento tiene como objeto el comportamiento humano dentro de cada sociedad. El estudio de este comportamiento, con el fin de establecer niveles aceptables que aseguren la convivencia pacífica dentro de estas sociedades y entre ellas, constituye también el objetivo de la ética. Objetivos del trabajo, describir y analizar el impacto económico y social en la agricultura familiar, a través de la investigación científica de los datos y el comportamiento humano, teniendo en cuenta el bienestar social del trabajo y la remuneración de una cultura específica que implica un intento de crecimiento educativo, alimentario y económico, así como el papel de la ética empresarial en el comportamiento de los trabajadores que participan en el proceso de producción.
Phytochemical content, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed extracts
Authors: Olaniyi Oladipo Oladiti , Samuel Ifedolapo Abigeal , Igbe Festus Omotere
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed extracts against some bacterial pathogens of food-borne diseases. The phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of the date seed were determined using a standard chemical method. In vitro antibacterial activities of the crude extracts of date seeds against the pathogens were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screenings of the extracts revealed the presence of oxalate, phytate, flavonoid, saponin, tannin and cardiac glycoside. The screening of the date seed extracts for antioxidant compounds revealed varied concentrations of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant property and flavonoid. Methanol and aqueous date seed extracts exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis and S. flexneri whereas, n-hexane extract had a mild effect on all test organisms. At 200 and 100 mg/mL of the crude extracts, all the test isolates were inhibited. Varied Minimum inhibitory and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations of different date seeds extracts showed potential bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against the test pathogens. It can be deduced that the important bioactive compounds in date seeds may be responsible for the observed antibacterial activity against the causative agents of food-borne illnesses.
Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant activity and phenolic acids profile of Tunisian whole cereal grains
Authors: Zarroug Youkabed , Terras Dorra Sfayhi , Khemakhem Maissa , Hamdaoui Ghaith , Hessini Kamel , Allouch Wafa , Dridi Farah , Hadjyahia Nesrine , Felah Mouldi El , Kharrat Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Six varieties of Tunisian durum wheat, barley and oat cultivars namely Maali, Karim, Rihane, Manel, Meliane and Ghzella were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities and phenolic acids profile. Results showed that there are significant (p < 0.05) differences in moisture (11.8-12.8%), proteins (10.98-12.09%), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (47.67-67.39%), ash (2.4-3.93%), fat (2.6- 6.75%), and carbohydrates (64.78-70.95%) contents between all studied varieties. Cereal grains were also a good source of potassium, sodium, calcium, zinc and iron. The results revealed that oat Meliane (5.9%) and barley Rihane (5.4%) varieties are good sources of dietary fiber β-glucan compared to the other varieties. Rihane, Meliane and Maali varieties had the highest total phenolic, total flavonoids and total condensed tannin contents. Antioxidant activity of whole grain extracts was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test and revealed that barley Rihane had the best radical scavenging activity compared to oat and durum wheat varieties. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed that Tunisian barley, oat and durum wheat varieties are a good source of phenolic components and natural antioxidants.
Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Listeria spp. isolated from refrigerators of retailers and schools in the Tolon District, Ghana
Authors: Alhassan Mukaila , Nzeh Joseph , Quansah Lydia , Dufailu Osman Adamu
Published: September 2022

Refrigeration is one of the common and safest food methods aided by the refrigerator which works by distorting the activities/growth of microorganisms. Nevertheless, the refrigerator could be a transmission source of non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacterial strains involved in food spoilage and foodborne infections. The study seeks to assess the knowledge of students and retailers on microbial contamination of refrigerators. Also, the study would determine the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. and Listeria spp. isolates. The swab-rinse method was employed for sampling refrigerators used by students (n=86) and retailers (n=38) with a total of 248 samples (Interior surfaces n=124, Exterior surfaces n=124). The swab samples were directly streaked on Mannitol Salt Agar and Oxford Listeria Agar Base for the isolation of Staphylococcus spp. and Listeria spp., respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant profile was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against vancomycin (30 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), and penicillin-G (10 µg). Of the 110 isolates identified, Staphylococcus spp. were (95) with a prevalence of (86.36%) and Listeria spp. were (15) with a prevalence of (13.64%). Antibiotic resistance was most common to penicillin-G (67.27%) followed by ampicillin (60%), and vancomycin (22.73%). This study confirms the presence of cold-tolerant bacteria in refrigerators. Thus, making refrigerators used by students and retailers a potential source of bacterial transmission and/or contamination.
Effect of time and wattage power levels of microwave treatment on the microbial quality and safety of bovine raw milk
Authors: Shahvandari Fatemeh , Akbari Nader , Jahed Khaniki Gholamreza , Shariatifar Nabi , Mirsharifi Seyedeh Maryam
Published: September 2022

Raw milk is sterile when secreted by healthy cows, however it is contaminated with different microorganisms and Streptococci commonly present in the milk ducts as well as teats. The bacterial count in raw milk ranges from a few hundred to several thousand per mL of milk, however it is harmful to human health under unpasteurized condition. Milk sanitization methods rely on the principle of preventing the growth and development of microbes and thus maintaining their nutritional quality. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of microwave radiation on the microbial quality and safety of bovine raw milk. To do so, the effect of microwaves at a frequency of 35 KH and powers of 180, 300 and 850 W for 0, 30, 60 and 90 s on the destruction of pathogens and reduction of microbial load of milk (total bacterial count, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, molds and yeasts) was investigated. The results showed that microwave treatment had a significant effect on reducing the number of microorganisms in milk samples (p<0.0) with the power of 850 W being the most effective power for reducing the number of S. aureus, coliforms, molds, yeasts as well as total bacterial count. Faster heating with higher energy efficiency is the main advantage of the microwave process for foods. In fact, the microwave method can be a potential and effective method for decreasing the microbial load of raw milk.
Basic Health Insurance Stewardship in Line with the Upstream Laws and Policies: Conflicts and Contradictions!!!
Authors: Jaafaripooyan Ebrahim , Azizi Farnoosh , Asghari Aida , Babaei Maryam
Published: September 2022

One of the serious challenges regarding interactions between Iran’s social security system and health system is basic health insurance stewardship. It has existed for a long time and has been given a special place concerning the related laws and policies in recent years. In this regard, it seems that approving of rules conflicting with upstream laws and policies has increased existing conflicts. This is done by creating ambiguity in the position of basic health insurance. But, it should not be forgotten that the main goal is universal health coverage and effective insurance protection against financial risks caused by illness. Therefore, any decision in these areas should be made with respect to the social, cultural, economic and political conditions of the country and according to the historical experiences and structural characteristics.
Prioritization of COVID-19 Patients for Admission in the Intensive Care Unit in the Context of Hospital Bed Shortages: An Integrated Multi-criteria Decision Making Approach
Authors: Hosseini Sarkhosh Seyyed Mahdi , Taghvaei Mahdieh , Farshad Allameh Seyyed
Published: September 2022

Background: When an epidemic occurs, resources, including hospital beds, are severely limited and not all patients can be treated; so, hospital bed rationing is inevitable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a method for evaluating and prioritizing patients with COVID-19 for admission to the intensive care unit.
Methods: This was a descriptive-survey study in terms of data collection method conducted in the summer of 2021. Following the formation of an expert panel with 4 specialists, a three-stage approach to evaluating and prioritizing COVID-19 patients was adopted by combining multi-criteria decision analysis methods. In the first stage, effective criteria and sub-criteria for patients’ prioritization were identified by a panel of experts and related studies, and the hierarchy of criteria was drawn. In the second stage, the Fuzzy best-worst method was used to determine the weight of criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, in the third stage, a combined compromise solution method was performed to prioritize 10 patients in need of COVID-19 and the most critical patient was selected.
Results: According to the experts, among the 15 criteria studied, respiratory rate, PaO2/FiO2, impaired consciousness, mean arterial pressure and age were identified as 5 of the most important criteria in prioritizing COVID-19 patients for intensive care unit admission. In addition, 10 COVID-19 patients referred to Shohadaye Pakdasht Hospital were evaluated and prioritized with the proposed approach.
Conclusion: The proposed method can be used as a useful tool in the evaluation of COVID-19 patients for admission to the intensive care unit and to support the vital decisions of physicians.
Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Mental Health in the Provinces of Iran
Authors: Mohammadian Mansoor Sahebe , Golkhandan Abolghasem
Published: September 2022

Background: Social capital has an effective role in promoting the mental health of people in the community by providing emotional and psychological support. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital on mental health in provinces of Iran.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical and applied study. It investigated the long-term relationship between mental health index, social capital, per capita income, unemployment, education and urbanization from 2006 to 2019 using the panel data of Iran's provinces. The data used were collected from Central Bank and Statistics Center of Iran. For this purpose, based on Putnam and Colman's approach to measuring social capital, 3 levels of participation, trust and unity have been considered. In order to combine the indicators used in these levels, factor analysis method has been used. Model estimation was also conducted using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and data analysis was performed using Eviews 9  and Stata 12 software.
Results: Based on the results obtained from the model estimation, increasing social capital will improve the mental health index in the provinces of the country in the long term. 1 percent increase in social capital in the long run, reduces the suicide rate in the provinces of the country by 0.27 percent. Based on other results, in the long term, per capita income and education have a positive and significant effect and the unemployment rate has a negative and significant effect on mental health in the provinces of the country.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, authors can conclude that the greater amount of social capital in the provinces of the country leads to higher mental health.
Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge Management Criteria and the Level of Development in Medical Universities
Authors: Mehrvarz Majid , Madahian Shiva , Shokooh Zahra , Salajegheh Sanjar
Published: September 2022

Background: Knowledge management helps organizations to improve their capabilities using the intelligence and skills of employees. Knowledge management impacts the improvement of organizational performance and its development. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge management criteria and the level of development in medical universities.
Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted in 2020. The statistical population was all the faculty members of medical universities with a sample size of 377 people. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. Data collection tools included Lawson’s knowledge management questionnaire and the development questionnaire of Andesh et al. whose validity and reliability were assessed and confirmed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of univariate t-test and ANOVA.
Results: Results showed that the mean score of knowledge management in medical universities was more than average. The highest and lowest mean were related to the dimensions of knowledge creation and knowledge storage, respectively. Furthermore, the mean of development was moderate to high. The highest and lowest mean were related to the dimensions of students' educational facilities and university's education and research facilities, respectively. In addition, there was a significant relationship between knowledge management and its dimensions, except for the knowledge creation dimension, and the level of development.
Conclusion: The overall result of this study indicated that the development level in the country’s medical universities has been at a moderate to high level. Since knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on the development of universities, more attention to knowledge management can be useful in the universities’ development.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy and Emotion-oriented Therapy on Psychological Well-being in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Motakeffar Maryam , Bahrami Hidaji Maryam , Sodagar Sheida , Rahimi Najmeh
Published: September 2022

Background: Generally, patients with type 2 diabetes experience low level of psychological well-being, which may exacerbate their symptoms .Accordingly, the purpose of this study is the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on psychological well-being on type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: This experimental study was of the post-test, pre-test and follow-up type with a control group. The statistical population was all the people with type 2 diabetes who referred to Sabzevar Diabetes Clinic in 2019. 45 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected based on Kuhn table and through convenience sampling method. They were randomly placed in 3 groups of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, emotion-oriented therapy and control. Data gathering tool was Reef psychological well-being questionnaire (2002). SPSS 24 software and descriptive and analytical statistics (covariance analysis) were used to analyze data.
Results: The analysis of covariance showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy were affective regarding the psychological well-being of type 2 diabetic patients (p < 0.05). The post hoc scores demonstrated that there was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy regarding their efficacy. 
Conclusion: With respect to the wide variety of factors related to psychological well-being, authors can conclude that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy can improve the psychological well-being of type 2 diabetic patients.
Dynamic Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model Usage in Measuring and Ranking the Financial Performance of Social Security Hospitals Based on their Size
Authors: Mousavinezhad-Naini Sayed Aliakbar , Tamimi Mohammad , Salehi Allahkaram
Published: September 2022

Background: Measuring the hospitals financial performance in the health care system is of great importance. This is because hospitals with good financial performance can maintain reliable systems and provide necessary resources to improve quality. The aim of this study was to measure, compare and rank the financial performance of social security hospitals based on their size using a dynamic network data envelopment analysis model.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using information sources in social security hospitals. Data were collected from financial statements from 2016 to 2019. The network efficiency analysis of the units was performed by GAMS 28 software.
Results: According to the findings from 50 hospitals, among the hospitals with less than 100 active beds, the highest financial performance score belonged to Aras Ardabil hospital (0.79) and the lowest to Shabikhani Kashan hospital (0.24). Among the hospitals with 100 to 200 active beds, the highest financial performance score was obtained by Gharzi Malayer hospital (0.78) and the lowest by Imam Reza Islamshahr hospital (0.27). Imam Reza Urmia hospital with a score of 0.87 and Beheshti Shiraz hospital with a score of 0.39, achieved the highest and lowest financial performance in the dynamic network usage, among the hospitals with more than 200 active beds.
Conclusion: Using the dynamic network data envelopment analysis model, the researchers measured the input and output of each decision-making unit over time. They also provided information about the system and internal structure in order to achieve overall efficiency. It is suggested that policymakers and hospital managers abandon the idea that a higher input rate determines a higher level of efficiency. They need to consider the compatibility of hospital size and internal structure in order to improve efficiency.
The Role of Factors Affected by Workplace Architecture in the Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Among Employees of Urmia Roads and Urban Development Building
Authors: Afshar Solmaz Tabe , Toofan Sahar , Saghafi Asl Arash
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Various factors affect the employees' health and well-being in the workplace. The present study aimed to examine the outbreak of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and the role of factors and parameters affected by the architecture design of Urmia Roads and Urban Development building (e.g., thermal comfort, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), noise, lighting, layout design-ergonomics, and design style (decoration)) by examining symptoms seen in employees, to achieve reduction strategies in future actions.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was done with a Cross-sequential study among 123 employees in the summer of 2021. Specified symptoms, factors, and parameters were examined through the questionnaire, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. In the next step, the data were analyzed using different statistical methods through SPSS-25 software. 
Results: Results indicated that some symptoms, including fatigue, headache, distraction, lack of concentration, muscle pain, hearing problems, high blood pressure, and stress, made up more complaints, and individuals complained about overcrowding, lack of workspace for each person, and noise. Moreover, the parameters caused by Layout-ergonomics and noise were identified as the most important reasons that reduced Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ (and the subsequent advent of SBS. 
Conclusion: The obtained findings confirmed the presence of syndrome in Roads and Urban Development Building, so that improper layout of overcrowding uses and toilets, lack of speech privacy, and inadequate space and dimensions for employees, were the most important, were the most important reasons for employees' complaints.
Prevalence of low back pain and its predictor factors among office workers based on objective and subjective techniques
Authors: Mohipour Sanaz , Afshari Davood , Nourollahi-Darabad Maryam , Shirali Gholam abbas
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common and costly preventable occupational problem that office workers suffer from the discomfort associated with these disorders. The aims of this study were to a) investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and b) continuously assess the trunk postures of office workers
.Materials and Methods: Thirty-six office workers of a medical university participated in this cross-sectional study. Thirty-six office workers of a medical university participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of LBP was determined using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Work trunk postures were measured using an inclinometer.
 Results: More than half of the subjects reported LBP. There was a significant relationship between LBP with age, work experience, working hours, and gender (p <0.05). The mean maximum trunk flexion angle was 35.41±13.72, and the mean maximum angle of lateral bend in the frontal plane was 9.86±3.2. The mean trunk angles for all percentiles and plates studied were significantly different between men and women; It was more in women than men (p <0.05).
Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that there are awkward and static postures lumbar among office workers that can be considered risk factors for developing LBP. The findings can help to establish guidelines regarding prioritizing ergonomic interventions to reduce the prevalence of LBP among office workers.