bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR‐216a‐3p inhibits the proliferation and invasion of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes by targeting dual‐specificity phosphatase 5
Authors: Ni Rongrong , Liu Heting , Song Guojing , Fu Xiaohong , Deng Bingqian , Xu Zhizhen , Dai Shuangshuang , Huang Gang
Published: February 2023

Dual‐specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is a novel anti‐inflammatory modulator in many inflammatory diseases. However, the role of DUSP5 in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the biological function and regulation of DUSP5 in FLS. We found that lower DUSP5 expression level was detected in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and synoviocyte MH7A. Overexpression of DUSP5 markedly decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MH7A, which correlated with suppressing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, DUSP5 was identified as a novel target gene of miR‐216a‐3p, which was upregulated in FLS. Therefore, DUSP5 expression was negatively regulated by miR‐216a‐3p, and the effect of DUSP5 overexpression on FLS was reversed by miR‐216a‐3p mimics. Overall, our study demonstrates that DUSP5 is a miR‐216a‐3p target gene and its anti‐inflammatory function in FLS via inactivation of ERK. These results revealed that the miR‐216a‐3p/DUSP5 pathway may play a crucial role in the malignant behavior of FLS, which may serve as a new target for the treatment of RA.
The EU's strategic autonomy in times of politicisation of international trade: The future of commission accountability
Authors: Weiß Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

Trade relations face unprecedented challenges, which has led to an increased politicisation and contestation of trade rules. In response, the EU has changed its trade policy under the motto ‘Open Strategic Autonomy’ towards a more assertive policy. The EU seeks to significantly expand its room of manoeuvre and to gain more autonomy by strengthening the enforcement of its trade rights and by ensuring more effectively, including unilaterally, a level playing field. This reorientation engenders several new or amended trade policy instruments, but meets with reservations as the renewed politicisation of EU trade policy will have internal consequences and raise demands for more democratic accountability of the European Commission. The new policy instruments will enlarge its leeway in trade policy. The future of the EU's multilateral, rule‐ instead of power‐oriented political stance becomes unclear, which might undermine its negotiation position in WTO reform and collide with the EU's respect for international law. The tensions of the EU's new hybrid approach with its international commitments even more fuel demands for increased accountability of the Commission as a safeguard against employing the new powers for protectionism and disrespect to international law. The contribution analyses the need for increased Commission accountability in the redirected trade policy.
Does opioid agonist treatment reduce overdose mortality risk in people who are older or have physical comorbidities? Cohort study using linked administrative health data in New South Wales, Australia, 2002–17
Authors: Larney Sarah , Jones Nicola R. , Hickman Matthew , Nielsen Suzanne , Ali Robert , Degenhardt Louisa
Published: February 2023

Aims

To quantify the association between opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and overdose death by age group; test the hypothesis that across different age groups, opioid overdose mortality is lowest during OAT with buprenorphine compared with time out of treatment or OAT with methadone; and test associations between OAT and opioid overdose mortality in the presence of chronic circulatory, respiratory, liver and kidney diseases.

Design

Retrospective observational cohort study using linked administrative data.

Setting

New South Wales, Australia.

Participants

A total of 37 764 people prescribed OAT, 1 August 2002 and 31 December 2017.

Measurements

OAT exposure, opioid overdose mortality and key confounders were measured using linked population data sets on OAT entry and exit, hospitalization, mental health care, incarceration and mortality. ICD‐10 codes were used to define opioid overdose mortality and chronic disease groups of interest.

Findings

Relative to time out of treatment, time in OAT was associated with a lower risk of opioid overdose death across all age groups and chronic diseases. Among people aged 50 years and older, there was weak evidence that buprenorphine may be associated with greater protection against opioid overdose death than methadone [generalized estimating equation (GEE) adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) = 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21, 1.02; marginal structural models (MSM) aIRR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.17, 1.41]. Buprenorphine was associated with greater protection against overdose death than methadone for clients with circulatory (MSM aIRR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.67) or respiratory (MSM aIRR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.94) diseases, but not liver (MSM aIRR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.14, 2.43) or kidney (MSM aIRR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.31, 4.36) diseases.

Conclusions

Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) appears to reduce mortality risk in people with opioid use disorder who are older or who have physical comorbidities. Opioid overdose mortality during OAT with buprenorphine appears to be lower and reduced in clients with circulatory and respiratory diseases compared with OAT with methadone.
The immunoexpression of valosin‐containing protein and small VCP‐interacting protein in rat ovaries
Authors: Kartal Bahar , Alimoğulları Ebru , Çaylı Sevil
Published: February 2023

Numerous cellular processes are controlled by the ubiquitin‐proteasome‐mediated degradation pathway, involve the 97‐kDa valosin‐containing protein (p97/VCP). Small p97/VCP‐interacting protein (SVIP) was first discovered as one of the novel androgen‐responsive genes as well as one of the many cofactors controlling p97/VCP. The aim of the study was to investigate localization and immunoexpression of p97/VCP and SVIP in rat ovarian tissue. The histomorphological examination of rat ovarian tissue was performed by using haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. Using the immunohistochemical technique, cellular location and expression of p97/VCP and SVIP in rat ovarian tissue were examined. The nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoexpression of p97/VCP and SVIP was observed in the different stages of ovarian follicles and corpus luteum in the rat ovaries. The immunolocalization of SVIP and VCP in the rat ovaries suggest that they may be involved in the oogenesis. Further studies should be performed about the function of the VCP and SVIP in the female reproductive tract.
Assessing pain using facial recognition software among Aboriginal aged care residents with cognitive impairment: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rissel Chris , Tate Nicole , Moore Leigh , Hughes Jeff , Campbell Narelle , Smith Catherine , Lew‐Fatt Anthony , Ullah Shahid
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess the observed pain behaviours of Aboriginal residents with cognitive impairment in aged care facilities and compare these results with a matched national sample of non‐Aboriginal residents.

Methods

Observed pain behaviours of Aboriginal residents (N = 87) with cognitive impairment in aged care facilities across the Northern Territory of Australia were assessed using PainChek® Adult and compared with data from a matched national sample of non‐Aboriginal residents (N = 420). Pain scores were derived from inbuilt automated facial recognition and analysis software plus a series of digital checklists requiring manual input by care staff.

Results

The median total pain score for the Aboriginal residents was 2 (IQR 1–4) and for the matched external residents was 3 (IQR 2–5). In a multivariable negative binomial regression model, this difference in total pain score was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The pain score derived from the automated facial recognition and analysis component of the PainChek® Adult app was not statistically different between the two groups when adjusted for multiple observations and context of observation (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.16, p = 0.169).

Conclusions

We found under‐reporting of observed pain signs and behaviours for Aboriginal aged care residents by assessors. Further training in the assessment of pain in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander aged care residents may be necessary and a continuing shift in clinical practice to using technology and point‐of‐care assessment.
The experience of hospital care for older surgical patients and their carers: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Thillainadesan Janani , Box Helen , Kearney Leanne , Naganathan Vasi , Cunich Michelle , Aitken Sarah J. , Monaro Sue R.
Published: February 2023

Objective

A growing proportion of older adults are undergoing surgery, but there is a paucity of patient and carer experience research in this group. This study investigated the experience of hospital care in an older vascular surgery population for patients and their carers.

Methods

This was a mixed‐methods convergent design, including simultaneous collection of quantitative and qualitative research strands by combining open‐ended questions with rating scales in a questionnaire. Recently hospitalised vascular surgery patients aged ≥65 years at a major teaching hospital were recruited. Carers were also approached to participate.

Results

Forty‐seven patients (mean age 77 years, 77% male, 20% with a Clinical Frailty Scale score >4) and nine carers participated. The majority of patients reported that their views were listened to (n = 42, 89%), they were kept informed (n = 39, 83%), and were asked about their pain (n = 37, 79%). Among carers, seven reported their views were listened to and that they were kept informed. Thematic analysis of patients' and carers' responses to open‐ended questions about their experience of hospital care revealed four themes in terms of what mattered to them: fundamental care including hygiene and nutrition, comfort of the hospital environment such as sleep and meals, being informed and involved in health‐care decision‐making, and treating pain and deconditioning to help recovery.

Conclusions

Older adults admitted to hospital for vascular surgery and their carers, valued highly the care that met both their fundamental needs and facilitated shared decisions for care and recovery. These priorities can be addressed through Age‐Friendly Health System initiatives.
Comparisons of handheld retinal imaging devices with ultrawide field images for determining diabetic retinopathy severity
Authors: Jacoba Cris Martin P. , Salongcay Recivall P. , Aquino Lizzie Anne C. , Salva Claude Michael G. , Saunar Aileen V. , Alog Glenn P. , Peto Tunde , Silva Paolo S.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To compare diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity identified on handheld retinal imaging with ultrawide field (UWF) images.

Methods

Mydriatic images of 225 eyes of 118 diabetic patients were prospectively imaged with the Aurora (AU) handheld retinal camera [5‐field protocol (macula‐centred, disc‐centred, temporal, superior, inferior)] and compared with UWF images. Images were classified based on the international classification for DR. Sensitivity, specificity, kappa statistics (K/Kw) were calculated on an eye and person‐level.

Results

Distribution of DR severity by AU/UWF images (%) by eye was no DR 41.3/36.0, mild non‐proliferative DR (NPDR) 18.7/17.8, moderate 10.2/10.7, severe 16.4/15.1, proliferative DR (PDR) 13.3/20.4. Agreement between UWF and AU was exact in 64.4%, within 1‐step 90.7%, k = 0.55 (95% CI:0.45–0.65), and kw = 0.79 (95% CI:0.73–0.85) by eye, and exact in 68%, within 1‐step 92.9%, k = 0.58 (95% CI:0.50–0.66), and kw = 0.76 (95% CI:0.70–0.81) by person. Sensitivity/specificity for any DR, refDR, vtDR and PDR were as follows: 0.90/0.83, 0.90/0.97, 0.82/0.95 and 0.69/1.00 by person and 0.86/0.90, 0.84/0.98, 0.75/0.95 and 0.63/0.99 by eye. Handheld imaging missed 37% (17/46) eyes and 30.8% (8/26) persons with PDR. Only 3.9% (1/26) persons or 6.5% (3/46) eyes with PDR were missed if a referral threshold of moderate NPDR was used.

Conclusions

Data from this study show that comparing UWF and handheld images, when PDR was the referral threshold for handheld devices, 37.0% of eyes or 30.8% of patients with PDR were missed. Due to the identification of neovascular lesions outside of the handheld fields, lower referral thresholds are needed if handheld devices are used.
Generation and application of a convolutional neural networks algorithm in evaluating stool consistency in diapers
Authors: Xiao Fangfei , Wang Yizhong , Ludwig Thomas , Li Xiaolu , Chen Sijia , Sun Nan , Zheng Yixiao , Huysentruyt Koen , Vandenplas Yvan , Zhang Ting
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to develop a deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) algorithm for automated assessment of stool consistency from diaper photographs and test its performance under real‐world conditions.

Methods

Diaper photographs were enrolled via a mobile phone application. The stool consistency was assessed independently according to the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale (BITSS) by paediatricians. These images were randomised into a training data set and a test data set. After training and testing, the new algorithm was used under real‐world conditions by parents.

Results

There was an overall agreement of 92.9% between paediatricians and the CNN‐generated algorithm. Post hoc classification into the validated 4 categories of the BITSS yielded an agreement of 95.4%. Spearman correlation analysis across the ranking of 7 BITSS photographs and validated 4 categories showed a significant correlation of rho = 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92, 0.94; p < 0.001) and rho = 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90, 0.93; p < 0.001), respectively. The real‐world application yielded further insights into changes in stool consistency between age categories and mode of feeding.

Conclusion

The new CNN‐based algorithm is able to reliably identify stool consistency from diaper photographs and may support the communication between parents and paediatricians.
Timing and maximum flood level of the Early Holocene glacial lake Nedre Glomsjø outburst flood, Norway
Authors: Høgaas Fredrik , Hansen Louise , Berthling Ivar , Klug Martin , Longva Oddvar , Nannestad Helle Daling , Olsen Lars , Romundset Anders
Published: February 2023

This study discusses the timing and maximum flood level of the Nedre Glomsjø outburst flood, Norway, based on sediment records retrieved from 15 bog and lake basins located close to the purported maximum flooded level. The sediment records in 12 of the basins consist of a distinct light‐coloured silty bed that is correlated to the outburst‐flood‐deposited ‘Romerike Silt Bed’ identified elsewhere in the region. The silt bed is recorded in basins up to a certain elevation and is absent above this level. The new maximum flood level inferred from the basin sediment records exceeds the established landform‐induced palaeostage indicators by 5–10 m. The data indicate a higher maximum flood level and larger inundation area than previously suggested and highlight the importance of acquiring a wide range of geological data when reconstructing palaeofloods. Radiocarbon dates of terrestrial macrofossils found stratigraphically above and below the Romerike Silt Bed suggest that the glacial lake Nedre Glomsjø outburst flood occurred between 10.5 and 10.3 cal. ka BP. The new and well‐constrained timing of the outburst flood is beneficial for reconstructing regional deglaciation and provides a precise age for the Romerike Silt Bed chronostratigraphical marker, which is of value for studies in SE Norway and adjacent regions.
ELF1 suppresses autophagy to reduce cisplatin resistance via the miR‐152‐3p/NCAM1/ERK axis in lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhao Lifeng , Wu Xiangsheng , Zhang Zhiwen , Fang Lini , Yang Bo , Li Yepeng
Published: February 2023

Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs limits the efficacy of chemotherapy in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Autophagy is an essential mechanism which involves in drug resistance. Our previous research has revealed that miR‐152‐3p represses NSCLC progression. However, the mechanism of miR‐152‐3p in autophagy‐mediated chemoresistance in NSCLC remains unclear. Cisplatin‐resistant cell lines (A549/DDP and H446/DDP) were transfected with related vectors and subjected to cisplatin, autophagy inhibitor, activator, or extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activator. Flow cytometry, CCK8 and colony formation assays were performed for testing apoptosis and cell viability. The related RNAs or proteins were detected by qRT‐PCR or Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay or RNA immunoprecipitation were used for validating the interaction between miR‐152‐3p and ELF1 or NCAM1. Co‐IP verified the binding between NCAM1 and ERK. The role of miR‐152‐3p in cisplatin resistance of NSCLC was also validated in vivo. The results showed that miR‐152‐3p and ELF1 were decreased in NSCLC tissues. miR‐152‐3p reversed cisplatin resistance by inhibiting autophagy through NCAM1. NCAM1 promoted autophagy through the ERK pathway and facilitated cisplatin resistance. ELF1 positively regulated miR‐152‐3p level by directly interacting with miR‐152‐3p promoter. miR‐152‐3p targeted NCAM1 to regulate NCAM1 level and then affected the binding of NCAM1 to ERK1/2. ELF1 inhibited autophagy and reversed cisplatin resistance through miR‐152‐3p/NCAM1. miR‐152‐3p inhibited autophagy and cisplatin resistance of xenograft tumor in mice. In conclusion, our study revealed that ELF1 inhibited autophagy to attenuate cisplatin resistance through the miR‐152‐3p/NCAM1/ERK pathway in H446/DDP and A549/DDP cells, suggesting a potential novel treatment strategy for NSCLC.
Cutaneous VCL::ALK fusion ovoid‐spindle cell neoplasm
Authors: Helm Matthew , Chang Allison , Fanburg‐Smith Julie C. , Zaenglein Andrea L. , Helm Klaus
Published: February 2023

Cutaneous VCL::ALK fusion spindle (ovoid) cell tumor is unique. Recently emerged RAS::MAP tyrosine kinase fusion sarcomas more commonly involve subcutis, skeletal muscle and even bone. We share our experience with a novel cutaneous VCL::ALK spindle cell tumor. An 11‐year‐old male presented with a back pedunculated pink–red papule thought to be a pyogenic granuloma. Biopsy histopathology revealed an epithelial collarette with pedunculated tumor extending to deep dermis/subcutis interface. The combination of spindled and epithelioid cells, an ovoid myopericytoid appearance within myxoid to collagenous stroma, low to moderate MIB1 and focal S100 protein without SOX10 immunostaining, were suggestive of a novel RAS::MAPK tyrosine kinase fusion sarcoma that is well described. ALK immunostain being positive, a next‐generation sequencing comprehensive fusion panel was performed to reveal a VCL::ALK fusion. While epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma shares this fusion and similar dermal location and collarette pedunculation, this and other entities were excluded by older patient age, deeper dermal involvement, ovoid‐to‐spindled morphology, central pericytoid vasculature, myxoid stroma, moderate cellularity with low to moderate MIB1 expression, superficial ulceration, and focal S100 protein expression. Complete excision was performed with favorable follow‐up to date. This novel VCL::ALK fusion spindle (ovoid) cell tumor of the dermis is best considered as part of the recently emerged RAS::MAP tyrosine kinase fusion sarcomas.
External validation of the diagnostic value of perihematomal edema characteristics in neoplastic and non‐neoplastic intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Nawabi Jawed , Orth Tobias , Schulze‐Weddige Sophia , Baumgaertner Georg Lukas , Tietze Anna , Thaler Christian , Penzkofer Tobias
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Neoplastic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be incorrectly identified as non‐neoplastic ICH on imaging. Relative perihematomal edema (relPHE) on computed tomography (CT) has been proposed as a marker to discriminate neoplastic from non‐neoplastic ICH but has not been externally validated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminatory power of relPHE in an independent cohort.

Methods

A total of 291 patients with acute ICH on CT and follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in this single‐center retrospective study. ICH subjects were dichotomized into non‐neoplastic or neoplastic ICH based on the diagnosis on the follow‐up MRI. ICH and PHE volumes and density values were derived from semi‐manually segmented CT scans. Calculated PHE characteristics for discriminating neoplastic ICH were evaluated using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves. ROC curve‐associated cut‐offs were calculated and compared between the initial and the validation cohort.

Results

A total of 116 patients (39.86%) with neoplastic ICH and 175 (60.14%) with non‐neoplastic ICH were included. Median PHE volumes, relPHE, and relPHE adjusted for hematoma density were significantly higher in subjects with neoplastic ICH (all p values <0.001). ROC curves for relPHE had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.78) and an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI 0.76–0.87) for adjusted relPHE. The cut‐offs were identical in the two cohorts, with >0.70 for relPHE and >0.01 for adjusted relPHE.

Conclusions

Relative perihematomal edema and adjusted relPHE accurately discriminated neoplastic from non‐neoplastic ICH on CT imaging in an external patient cohort. These results confirmed the findings of the initial study and may improve clinical decision making.
Parenting during a child's placement: A systemic perspective on parental commitment
Authors: de Serres‐Lafontaine Amélie , Poitras Karine
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aims to document birth parents' commitment from a systemic perspective. Characteristics of birth parent's mental health (depressive symptoms), placement characteristics (family reunification, parent–child contact), and systemic characteristics (parent's perception of the foster parent's opinion on parent–child contact) are examined.

Background

Foster placement creates a highly vulnerable situation within families of origin. Moreover, birth parents are liable to have been exposed to multiple risk factors. Foster placement comes with many challenges that are not without consequences on the parenting experience, including loss of parenting responsibilities and redefinition of the parenting role.

Method

Parents (n = 59) participated for 70 parent–child dyads in 90‐minute home visits where data on sociodemographic characteristics, mental health status, experience of the placement measure and parent–child contact, as well as level of parental commitment were gathered.

Results

Three‐step hierarchical regression models were used to examine the independent contribution of the parent's perception of the foster parent's opinion on contact on parental commitment after accounting for the birth parent's mental health and placement characteristics. Results suggest that parent–child contact and parent's perception of foster parent's opinion on contact have a significant contribution to parental commitment.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of addressing parenthood in placement situations and the relevance of examining parental commitment from a systemic perspective.

Implications

A deeper understanding of this vulnerable population would require reflecting on the psychosocial practices in Child Protective Services while accounting for the needs of birth parents in the placement system.
POTENTIAL HISTORY: READING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES*
Authors: Bonaldo Rodrigo , Pereira Ana Carolina Barbosa
Published: February 2023

Until the beginning of the twentieth century, history, as a core concept of the political project of modernity, was highly concerned with the future. The many crimes, genocides, and wars perpetuated in the name of historical progress eventually caused unavoidable fractures in the way Western philosophies of history have understood change over time, leading to a depoliticization of the future and a greater emphasis on matters of the present. However, the main claim of the “Historical Futures” project is that the future has not completely disappeared from the focus of historical thinking, and some modalities of the future that have been brought to the attention of historical thought relate to a more‐than‐human reality. This article aims to confront the prospects of a technological singularity through the eyes of peoples who already live in a world of more‐than‐human agency. The aim of this confrontation is to create not just an alternative way to think about the future but a stance from which we can explore ways to inhabit and therefore repoliticize historical futures. This article contains a comparative study that has been designed to challenge our technologized imaginations of the future and, at the same time, to infuse the theoretical experiment with contingent historical experiences. Could we consider artificial intelligence as a new historical subject? What about as an agent in a “more‐than‐human” history? To what extent can we read this new condition through ancient Amerindian notions of time? Traditionally, the relationship between Western anthropocentrism and Amerindian anthropomorphism has been framed in terms of an opposition. We intend to prefigure a less hierarchical and more horizontal relation between systems of thought, one devoid of a fixed center or parameter of reference. Granting the same degree of intellectual dignity to the works of Google engineers and the views of Amazonian shamans, we nevertheless foster an intercultural dialogue (between these two “traditions of reasoning”) about a future in which history can become more‐than‐human. We introduce potential history as the framework not only to conceptualize Amerindian experiences of time but also to start building an intercultural dialogue that is designed to discuss AI as a historical subject.
Genomic prediction of service sire effect on female reproductive performance in Holstein cattle: A comparison between different methods, validation population and marker densities
Authors: Shi Rui , Chen Ziwei , Su Guosheng , Luo Hanpeng , Liu Lin , Guo Gang , Wang Yachun
Published: February 2023

Reproductive traits of dairy cattle are bound to the actual efficiency of farm operation, which therefore show great economic importance. Among them, some traits were deemed to be simultaneously affected by service sire and mating cow. Service sires are proved to play an important role in reproduction process of cows. However, limited study explored the genetic effect of service sire (GESS), let alone the genomic prediction of this effect. In the present study, 2244 genotyped bulls together with phenotypic records were used to predict the GESS on conception rate, 56‐day non‐return rate, calving ease, stillbirth and gestation length. The feasibilities of multi‐step genomic best linear unbiased predictor (msGBLUP) and single‐step genomic best linear unbiased predictor (ssGBLUP) were investigated under different scenarios, that is, different marker densities and validation population. The predictive accuracies and unbiasedness for GESS ranged from 0.159 to 0.647 and from 0.202 to 2.018, respectively, when validated on young bulls, while the accuracies and unbiasedness ranged from 0.409 to 0.802 and 0.333 to 1.146 when validated on random split data sets. It is feasible to predict GESS on reproductive traits by using a linear mixed model and genomic data, and high‐density marker panel had limited contribution to the prediction. This research investigated the potential factors that influence the genomic prediction of GESS on reproductive traits and indicated the possibility of genomic selection on GESS, both in ideal and practical circumstances.
Patterns and drivers of beta diversity across geographic scales and lineages in the Macaronesian flora
Authors: Mouton Lea , Patiño Jairo , Carine Mark , Rumsey Fred , de Sequeira Miguel Menezes , González‐Mancebo Juana María , Gabriel Rosalina Maria de Almeida , Hardy Olivier J. , Sim‐Sim Manuela , Reyes‐Betancort J. Alfredo , Collart Flavien , Vanderpoorten Alain
Published: February 2023

Aim

How spatial, historical and ecological processes drive diversity patterns remains one of the main foci of island biogeography. We determined how beta diversity varies across spatial scales and among organisms, disentangled the drivers of this variation, and examined how, consequently, biogeographic affinities within and among archipelagos vary among land plants.

Location

Macaronesia.

Taxon

Bryophytes, pteridophytes, spermatophytes.

Methods

Species turnover and nestedness were compared within and among archipelagos across taxonomic groups. The relationship between species turnover and nestedness, climatic, geological and geographic factors was analysed using generalized dissimilarity models.

Results

Species turnover, but not nestedness, increased with the geographic scale. This increment decreased from spermatophytes, pteridophytes and bryophytes, wherein the median turnover was less than half that in spermatophytes. Bryophytes exhibited a significantly higher nestedness and lower turnover than spermatophytes. Extant climatic conditions and island age contributed the most to all models but the importance of island age for bryophyte and pteridophyte turnover was marginal. Spermatophyte floras clustered by archipelago, whereas the clustering patterns in pteridophyte and bryophyte floras reflected macroclimatic conditions.

Main Conclusions

The lower increment of species turnover with spatial scale and the higher nestedness in bryophytes and pteridophytes than in spermatophytes reflect the variation in dispersal capacities and distribution ranges among land plants. Accordingly, extant climatic conditions contributed more to explain turnover in bryophytes and pteridophytes than in spermatophytes, whereas factors associated with dispersal limitations, including island age, geographic distance and archipelago structure, exhibited the reverse trend. The differences in beta diversity patterns, caused by different responses of Macaronesian land plant lineages to the main factors shaping their community composition, explain their different biogeographic affinities. These differences reflect a distinct origin and different mechanisms of speciation among Macaronesian land plant lineages and archipelagos.
Immediate implant placement with flap or flapless surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pitman Jeremy , Christiaens Véronique , Callens Jeroen , Glibert Maarten , Seyssens Lorenz , Blanco Juan , Cosyn Jan
Published: February 2023

Aim

To assess the impact of mucoperiosteal flap elevation for single immediate implant placement (IIP) on buccal hard and soft tissue changes, and on clinical, aesthetic and patient‐reported outcomes.

Materials and Methods

Two independent reviewers conducted an electronic literature search in Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies up to June 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IIP without flap elevation to IIP with flap elevation were included for a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The primary outcome was horizontal buccal bone change. Secondary outcomes were implant survival, vertical buccal bone change, pain, and clinical and aesthetic parameters.

Results

Out of 1029 records, 5 RCTs were selected reporting on 140 patients who received 140 single immediate implants (flapless: 68; flap: 72). Patients had a mean age ranging from 30 to 67 years and were followed between 6 and 12 months. Four RCTs pertained to (nearly) intact alveoli. Risk of bias assessment yielded low risk for two RCTs and high risk for three RCTs. Meta‐analysis demonstrated a mean difference of 0.48 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.13, 0.84], p = .007) in horizontal buccal bone change between surgical approaches, favouring flapless surgery. Meta‐analysis failed to demonstrate a significant difference in implant survival between the groups (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.93, 1.07], p = .920). Given the scarcity of data, meta‐analyses could not be performed on other secondary outcomes. Available studies were consistent in the direction of the effect favouring flapless surgery for vertical buccal bone change as well as for pain. Clinical and aesthetic parameters were underreported.

Conclusions

Based on CBCT data, flapless surgery resulted in more buccal bone preservation at immediate implants. However, the clinical relevance of this finding is unclear, since clinical and aesthetic outcomes were underreported.
Comparison of different objective weighting methods in a multi‐criteria model for watershed prioritization for flood risk assessment using morphometric analysis
Authors: Mahmoodi Erfan , Azari Mahmood , Dastorani Mohamad Taghi
Published: February 2023

Morphometric analysis of watersheds coupled with multi‐criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques is a widely used approach in identifying and prioritizing subwatersheds for flood risk assessment. Finding the appropriate weight for each morphometric parameter is one of the most important steps in MCDM methods. The present research focuses on analyzing the effect of using objective weighting methods in watershed prioritization in Daroungar Watershed in Northeast of Iran. To this aim, the weights of morphometric parameters were determined using six objective weighting methods and were used for ranking subwatersheds based on flood generation by a multi‐criteria model. Study results show that the highest weight in various methods belonged to different parameters. Comparison of flood susceptibility ranking maps indicated, except standard deviation method, there is a significant correlation among WM, preference selection index, criteria importance through intercriteria correlation, entropy, and method based on the removal effects of criteria methods; however, the distribution of flood susceptibility classes is not the same in the six weighting methods. The flood hazard ranking map using aggregation methods depicts that subwatersheds 6, 74, 27, and 67 which have high priority for flood hazard, have the same rank in all aggregation methods. Overall, in the present study, the importance of choosing the appropriate weighting method in prioritizing watersheds was emphasized.
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity and Determinacy of Equilibrium
Authors: MINEYAMA TOMOHIDE
Published: February 2023

It is well known in the literature that there is a tension between the frequency and duration of the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the nominal interest rate and the determinacy of equilibrium. In this short paper, I show that the presence of downward nominal wage rigidity (DNWR) resolves the tension by preventing a vicious cycle of price declines and output contractions under the ZLB. Consequently, the model with DNWR can replicate the long‐lived ZLB episodes observed in the data. It also implies a plausible size of output and inflation declines at the ZLB.
Evidence‐based review: Screening body dysmorphic disorder in aesthetic clinical settings
Authors: Pereira Ines Novo , Chattopadhyay Rashmi , Fitzpatrick Sean , Nguyen Sheila , Hassan Haidar
Published: February 2023

Background

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disturbance with high incidence in aesthetic clinical settings. Early recognition may avoid unnecessary elective procedures with ethical and medicolegal consequences.

Aims

To identify validated BDD screening tools and critically appraise current literature regarding its implementation and efficacy in aesthetic medicine and surgery scenarios, with the purpose of transposing the findings to the broad clinical settings in the field.

Methods

Data was collected using advanced search from PubMed (MEDLINE). Having satisfied the search parameters, 12 studies referring BDD definition according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM‐5) criteria and including a BDD screening tool in clinical aesthetic settings were selected.

Results

While BDD screening enables the recognition of at‐risk individuals, further work is required to uncover the best screening tool for general aesthetic clinical practice. Level III evidence favored BDD Questionnaire (BDDQ)/BDDQ‐Dermatology Version (DV), and The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) among the limited available validated screening instruments to be used outside the psychiatric environment. Based on level II self‐classification, one study selected BDDQ‐Aesthetic Surgery (AS) version for rhinoplasty patients. The validation process of both BDDQ‐AS and Cosmetic Procedure Screening Questionnaire (COPS) had limitations. For BDD screening potential in avoiding postoperative complications, the limited studies found evaluating the outcomes following aesthetic treatments using validated BDD screening measures showed a trend toward less satisfaction with aesthetic treatment outcome among positive screening population against non‐BDD counterparts.

Conclusion

Further research is necessary to establish more effective methods to identify BDD and evaluate the impact of positive findings on aesthetic intervention outcomes. Future studies may elucidate which BDD characteristics best predict a favorable outcome and provide high‐quality evidence for standardized protocols in research and clinical practice.
Duration‐Driven Returns
Authors: GORMSEN NIELS JOACHIM , LAZARUS EBEN
Published: February 2023

We propose a duration‐based explanation for the premia on major equity factors, including value, profitability, investment, low‐risk, and payout factors. These factors invest in firms that earn most of their cash flows in the near future and could therefore be driven by a premium on near‐future cash flows. We test this hypothesis using a novel data set of single‐stock dividend futures, which are claims on dividends of individual firms. Consistent with our hypothesis, the expected Capital Asset Pricing Model alpha on individual cash flows decreases in maturity within a firm, and the alpha is not related to the above characteristics when controlling for maturity.
Working in value‐discrepant environments inhibits clinicians’ ability to provide compassion and reduces well‐being: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pavlova Alina , Paine Sarah‐Jane , Sinclair Shane , O'Callaghan Anne , Consedine Nathan S.
Published: February 2023

Background

The practice of compassion in healthcare leads to better patient and clinician outcomes. However, compassion in healthcare is increasingly lacking, and the rates of professional burnout are high. Most research to date has focused on individual‐level predictors of compassion and burnout. Little is known regarding how organizational factors might impact clinicians’ ability to express compassion and well‐being. The main study objective was to describe the association between personal and organizational value discrepancies and compassion ability, burnout, job satisfaction, absenteeism and consideration of early retirement among healthcare professionals.

Methods

More than 1000 practising healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and allied health professionals) were recruited in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The study was conducted via an online cross‐sectional survey and was preregistered on AsPredicted (75407). The main outcome measures were compassionate ability and competence, burnout, job satisfaction and measures of absenteeism and consideration of early retirement.

Results

Perceived discrepancies between personal and organizational values predicted lower compassion ability (B = −0.006, 95% CI [−0.01, −0.00], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.05) but not competence (p = 0.24), lower job satisfaction (B = –0.20, 95% CI [–0.23, –0.17], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.14), higher burnout (B = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.03], p < 0.001 and f 2 = 0.06), absenteeism (B = 0.004, 95% CI [0.00, 0.01], p = 0.01 and f 2 = 0.01) and greater consideration of early retirement (B = 0.02, 95% CI [0.00, 0.03], p = 0.04 and f 2 = 0.004).

Conclusions

Working in value‐discrepant environments predicts a range of poorer outcomes among healthcare professionals, including hindering the ability to be compassionate. Scalable organizational and systems‐level interventions that address operational processes and practices that lead to the experience of value discrepancies are recommended to improve clinician performance and well‐being outcomes.
Automation and deep (machine) learning in temporomandibular joint disorder radiomics: A systematic review
Authors: Farook Taseef Hasan , Dudley James
Published: February 2023

Objective

This review aimed to systematically analyse the influence of clinical variables, diagnostic parameters and the overall image acquisition process on automation and deep learning in TMJ disorders.

Methods

Articles were screened in late 2022 according to a predefined eligibility criteria adhering to the PRISMA protocol. Eligible studies were extracted from databases hosted by MEDLINE, EBSCOHost, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. Critical appraisals were performed on individual studies following Nature Medicine's MI‐CLAIM checklist while a combined appraisal of the image acquisition procedures was conducted using Cochrane's GRADE approach.

Results

Twenty articles were included for full review following eligibility screening. The average experience possessed by the clinical operators within the eligible studies was 13.7 years. Bone volume, trabecular number and separation, and bone surface‐to‐volume ratio were clinical radiographic parameters while disc shape, signal intensity, fluid collection, joint space narrowing and arthritic changes were successful parameters used in MRI‐based deep machine learning. Entropy was correlated to sclerosis in CBCT and was the most stable radiomic parameter in MRI while contrast was the least stable across thermography and MRI. Adjunct serum and salivary biomarkers, or clinical questionnaires only marginally improved diagnostic outcomes through deep learning. Substantial data was classified as unusable and subsequently discarded owing to a combination of suboptimal image acquisition and data augmentation procedures. Inadequate identification of the participant characteristics and multiple studies utilising the same dataset and data acquisition procedures accounted for serious risks of bias.

Conclusion

Deep‐learned models diagnosed osteoarthritis as accurately as clinicians from 2D and 3D radiographs but, in comparison, performed poorly when detecting disc disorders from MRI datasets. Complexities in clinical classification criteria; non‐standardised diagnostic parameters; errors in image acquisition; cognitive, contextual or implicit biases were influential variables that generally affected analyses of inflammatory joint changes and disc disorders.
Human papilomaviru‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and radiomics: A new era?
Authors: Caprini Elisabetta , D'Agnese Giampaolo , Brennan Peter A. , Rahimi Siavash
Published: February 2023

Background

The increase of the incidence of human papillomavirus dependent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is alarming, although we have greatly progressed in the classification and staging of this disease. We now know that human papillomavirus related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a sub‐type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with favourable prognosis and good response to therapy that needs a proper system of classification and staging. Thus, in routine practice it is essential to test patients for the presence of human papillomavirus. The most popular technique to assess human papillomavirus status is immunohistochemistry on biopsy samples with p16, which is an excellent surrogate for high‐risk human papillomavirus infection. Another highly sensitive and specific tissue‐based technique for the detection of human papillomavirus is RNAscope In situ hybridization that has a prohibitive cost, limiting its use in routine practice. Radiomics is an artificial intelligence based non‐invasive method of computational analysis of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and ultrasound images.

Methods

In this review, we summarise the last findings of radiomics applied to human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Results

A growing body of evidence suggest that radiomics is able to characterise and detect early relapse after treatment, and enable development of tailored therapy of human papillomavirus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Health care for people with intellectual disability in Spain
Authors: Gómez L. E. , Morán M. L. , Solís P. , Pérez‐Curiel P. , Monsalve A. , Navas P.
Published: February 2023

We describe the healthcare system for people with intellectual disability (ID) in Spain. First, we provide general population statistics before focusing on the most recent prevalence data related to people with disability in general, and with ID in particular. We also discuss how health care is organized. Most of the Spanish population is covered by the public healthcare system, which is structured into primary care (first‐level health services; easily accessible and capable of tackling the most common ailments) and specialized care (second‐level health services; comprising the most complex and costly diagnostic and therapeutic resources). We then explain Spain's primary legislation that promotes the rights of people with disabilities, highlighting the importance of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which is enshrined in the Spanish General Law on the Rights of People with Disabilities and their Social Inclusion (Royal Legislative Decree 1/2013). Second, we describe the organization of Spanish disability support and health services, whose regulation is highly complex given that the autonomous regions set their own rules about coverage, services, and financing. Third, we present some recent studies that allow a better understanding of health care for people with ID in Spain, including a summary of the ongoing #Rights4MeToo project. We report specific data on the right to habilitation/rehabilitation. People with ID and professionals providing them with supports agreed that the most problematic aspects of health care for people with ID were the lack of: coordination across services, user‐friendly information to maintain or improve their health, psychological treatments, preventive medical check‐ups, and knowledge about disability among health professionals. There is a need to give people with ID priority access to services, reduce waiting times, increase the length of medical appointments, and create protocols and prevention campaigns targeting them.