bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maxillary sinus atelectasis (silent sinus syndrome): treatment with balloon sinuplasty
Authors: Kilty S J
Published: January 2014

Introduction:

Maxillary sinus atelectasis is a form of chronic rhinosinusitis of uncertain aetiology. Previously, the conventional treatment for this condition has been standard endoscopic surgery. There are no reports in the literature of successful treatment using balloon sinuplasty.

Methods:

A case of a patient with right maxillary sinus atelectasis is presented, who was treated using the balloon sinuplasty technique.

Results:

The patient's right maxillary sinus atelectasis was successfully treated using balloon sinuplasty. Three-month follow-up evaluation documented retention of the remodelled form of the uncinate process, and of maxillary sinus os patency.

Conclusion:

This is the first report of successful use of the balloon sinuplasty technique for the treatment of maxillary sinus atelectasis. Follow up demonstrated resolution of the underlying pathophysiology. Further study of the balloon sinuplasty technique for the treatment of maxillary sinus atelectasis is required to determine whether it has widespread applicability, given the current standard treatment.
A novel, computed tomography guided, trans-cutaneous approach to treat refractory autophony in a patient with a patulous eustachian tube
Authors: Rodrigues J C L , Waddell A , Cook J-L
Published: January 2014

Objective:

We report a novel, computed tomography guided treatment for autophony associated with a patulous eustachian tube.

Methods:

Case report and literature review of the management of patulous eustachian tube.

Results:

A 36-year-old woman presented with disabling autophony. Otoscopic examination revealed a poorly mobile right tympanic membrane. High resolution temporal bone computed tomography excluded superior semicircular canal dehiscence. The patient was diagnosed with patulous eustachian tube but failed to achieve therapeutic benefit from conventional endoscopic placement of a silicone elastomer suspension implant adjacent to the eustachian tube. Subsequently, she underwent further silicone elastomer suspension implant placement via a trans-cutaneous, computed tomography guided approach. The patient achieved prompt symptomatic relief and remained symptom-free at six-month follow up.

Conclusion:

This is the first published description of treatment of patulous eustachian tube using a computed tomography guided, trans-cutaneous approach. It serves to highlight to otolaryngologists the fact that computed tomography guided treatment of patulous eustachian tube may control disabling symptoms in patients who have failed to respond to convention endoscopic management.
Do anxiety symptoms predict major depressive disorder in midlife women? The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS)
Authors: Kravitz H. M. , Schott L. L. , Joffe H. , Cyranowski J. M. , Bromberger J. T.
Published: January 2014

Background

In women, anxiety symptoms are common and increase during midlife, but little is known about whether these symptoms predict onsets of major depressive disorder (MDD) episodes. We examined whether anxiety symptoms are associated with subsequent episodes of MDD in midlife African-American and Caucasian women, and whether they confer a different risk for first versus recurrent MDD episodes.

Method

A longitudinal analysis was conducted using 12 years of data from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Mental Health Study (MHS). The baseline sample comprised 425 Caucasian (n = 278) and African American (n = 147) community-dwelling women, aged 46.1 ± 2.5 years. Anxiety symptoms measured annually using a self-report questionnaire were examined in relation to MDD episodes in the subsequent year, assessed with the SCID. Multivariable models were estimated with random effects logistic regression.

Results

Higher anxiety symptoms scores were associated with a significantly higher adjusted odds of developing an episode of MDD at the subsequent annual visit [odds ratio (OR) 1.47,p = 0.01], specifically for a recurrent episode (OR 1.49,p = 0.03) but non-significant for a first episode (OR 1.32,p = 0.27). There were no significant racial effects in the association between anxiety symptoms and subsequent MDD episodes.

Conclusions

Anxiety symptoms often precede MDD and may increase the vulnerability of midlife women to depressive episodes, particularly recurrences. Women with anxiety symptoms should be monitored clinically during the ensuing year for the development of an MDD episode.
Chronological sequence of publications by K. H. Rechinger since 1971
Authors: Lack H. W.
Published: January 2014

For earlier works see Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 75 (1971), 5–16; publications omitted from it are listed on p. 5. Flora Iranica fascicles are listed separately, see p. 4.
Boissier and botany at Geneva: a historical note
Authors: Bocquet G.
Published: January 2014

Geneva's contribution to this meeting in Edinburgh is the publication of a booklet dedicated to Boissier (Burdet 1985) on the centenary of his death—an anniversary which coincides with the completion, or approaching completion, of a series of major studies on the floras of SW Asia covering much of the area of Boissier's classic Flora Orientalis.
Notes on the distribution, climate and flora of the sand deserts of Iran and Afghanistan
Authors: Freitag H.
Published: January 2014

Synopsis

An account is given of the distribution of the sand deserts in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan Baluchistan, where they cover large surfaces on the plains at low and medium altitudes. Climatologically they differ considerably from each other with respect to winter temperatures, but the latitudinal sequence is obscured by elevation effects. About one half to one third of the species are strict psammophytes; structurally they are the most important components of the different plant communities and in mobile sands usually no other plants occur. Their phytogeographical and taxonomic relationships are discussed in detail and attempts made to relate the distributional patterns to certain ecological factors. 66% of the species are truly Irano-Turanian, 23% are endemics, mostly derivatives of Irano-Turanian species, 10% are Saharo-Arabian and 7% are biregionals. Further aspects pointed out are the representations of life forms of families and genera. The results in the deserts studied give support to the concept of a coherent Irano-Turanian floristic region. The southern deserts form a sub-unit of their own, characterised by high numbers of endemics, some intruding Saharo-Arabian species and an absence of several otherwise common Irano-Turanian species.
Studies on halophytes from Iran and Afghanistan. II Ecology of halophytes along salt gradients
Authors: Breckle Siegmar-W.
Published: January 2014

Synopsis

The halophytic communities of Iran and Afghanistan are rich in species compared with similar communities in S Europe or in N America. Ionic composition and the ion concentrations in the respective habitats characterise the main phytochemical types which develop. Such chemotypes or physiotypes of halophytes are partly correlated with conventional taxonomic units. The various types of halophytes from Iran and Afghanistan were compared and some eco-physiological characteristics are presented. The differences between “stem-halosucculents”, “leaf-halosucculents”, “recreting halophytes”, and types of ‘salt-avoiders” (“pseudohalophytes” and “non-halophytes” or “glycophytes”) are stressed. The ecological implications of the characteristics of these different halophytes, which lead to a typical halo-catena, are discussed.
Parasitic weeds and their impact in South-West Asia
Authors: Musselman Lytton J.
Published: January 2014

Synopsis

Three groups of SW Asiatic parasitic weeds are reviewed: the root parasites Striga (Scrophulariaceae), Cistanche and Orobanche (Orobanchaceae); and the stem parasites Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae). Striga hermonthka and S. asiatica are serious pests on sorghum, millet, and maize in parts of N and S Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Striga densiflora has apparently been introduced from India to Oman where it parasitises sugar-cane and sorghum. Species of Orobanche are widespread throughout almost all the region and cause serious losses in tomatoes, tobacco, broadbeans, melons and other crops. Cistanche phelypaea has recently been shown capable of attacking sugar beet. Species of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae), widespread in SW Asia, mainly affect legume crops, especially lucerne. Considerable taxonomic research is still needed in Orobanche, Cistanche, and Cuscuta.
Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from non-tertiary-care and tertiary-care hospitals in Korea
Authors: JUNG M. K. , AHN S. H. , LEE W. G. , LEE E. H.
Published: January 2014

This study compared the molecular characteristics of vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium(VREF) isolates recovered from 20 non-tertiary-care hospitals (36 isolates) and three tertiary-care hospitals (26 isolates) in diverse geographical areas of Korea from October 2010 to April 2011. All isolates carried thevanAgene only, but 42% and 73% of non-tertiary and tertiary-care isolates expressed the VanB phenotype (teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentration ⩽16 μg/ml). All isolates harboured insertion sequences, IS1542and IS1216V, within Tn1546. The isolates from tertiary-care hospitals tended to have reduced Tn1546lengths by deletion of sequences adjacent to IS elements. Multilocus sequence typing revealed eight sequence types within clonal complex 17 (CC17), but DNA fingerprinting by rep-PCR did not show clonal relatedness between the intra- and inter-hospital isolates. These results suggest thatvanA, which has prevailed in tertiary-care hospitals of Korea since the 1990s, had been transferred horizontally to non-tertiary-care hospitals while the genetic rearrangement driven by evolutionary adaptation to adverse environments may have occurred in tertiary-care hospitals.
Grothendieck Rings of ℤ-Valued Fields
Authors: Cluckers Raf , Haskell Deirdre
Published: January 2014

We prove the triviality of the Grothendieck ring of a ℤ-valued field K under slight conditions on the logical language and on K. We construct a definable bijection from the plane K2 to itself minus a point. When we specialize to local fields with finite residue field, we construct a definable bijection from the valuation ring to itself minus a point.
In Memoriam: Raphael Mitchel Robinson
Authors: Henkin Leon
Published: January 2014

About a month after his 83rd birthday Raphael Robinson was almost wholly incapacitated by a massive stroke, and 8 weeks later, on January 27, 1995, he died of ensuing complications. Mathematics was his life. He was always working on problems—those brought to him in journals or by colleagues, and others that he invented. Just three days before his death he received word that a paper of his, originating in a published problem, was accepted for publication. His 64 publications spanned a full 6 decades, and included significant papers on number theory, combinatorics, complex analysis, and geometry, in addition to logic and set theory.

Robinson was born on November 2, 1911, in National City, California. He came to Berkeley to study mathematics, obtaining an A.B. in 1932, an M.A. in 1933, and his Ph.D. in December, 1934. His dissertation was in complex analysis. He took 12 graduate courses in a variety of fields, but not one was close to logic or set theory—which was later the setting of about a quarter of his publications.

After completing his studies Robinson served as Instructor for two years at Brown University, then returned for good to Berkeley in 1937, reaching the rank of full Professor in 1949. He taught a great variety of courses and was known as an excellent teacher, but was most interested in problemsolving and research and in 1972, at age 61, he elected early retirement, at considerable financial sacrifice, in order to concentrate on these pursuits.
The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic
Authors: Shore Richard A.
Published: January 2014

At the 1993 Annual meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic, the Council of the association voted to establish a new journal to be called The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic. The intended goal of the Council was to produce a journal that would be both accessible and of interest to as wide an audience as possible, with the stated purpose of keeping the logic community abreast of important developments in all parts of our discipline. The first issue was to appear in March of 1995 and you now have it in your hands.

In accordance with the Council resolution, we intend to publish primarily two types of papers. The first section of The Bulletin, Articles, will usually be devoted to works of an expository or survey nature. These papers will generally present topics of broad interest in a way that should be accessible to a large majority of the members of the Association. Topics will be drawn from all areas of logic including mathematical or philosophical logic, logic in computer science or linguistics, the history or philosophy of logic, logic education and applications of logic to other fields. One view of a role that this section of The Bulletin will play is as an ongoing handbook of logic.
Issues in the Conceptualization and Assessment of Hot Executive Functions in Childhood
Authors: Welsh Marilyn , Peterson Eric
Published: January 2014

Our review examines the current state of the research on hot executive function (EF), as contrasted with cool EF, with regard to the evidence for construct validity. Current theoretical discussions have examined the conceptual overlap among constructs such as hot EF, effortful control, self-control, and self-regulation. We explore this emerging literature with a focus on research questions, tasks, and methods. Finally, we consider the unresolved questions facing the study of hot EF, most notably the difficulty in determining the relative “heat” of a given task based on task content, testing context, and the individual differences among the participants. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–5)
Ectopic A-lattice seams destabilize microtubules
Authors: Katsuki Miho , Drummond Douglas R. , Cross Robert A.
Published: January 2014

Natural microtubules typically include one A-lattice seam within an otherwise helically symmetric B-lattice tube. It is currently unclear how A-lattice seams influence microtubule dynamic instability. Here we find that including extra A-lattice seams in GMPCPP microtubules, structural analogues of the GTP caps of dynamic microtubules, destabilizes them, enhancing their median shrinkage rate by >20-fold. Dynamic microtubules nucleated by seeds containing extra A-lattice seams have growth rates similar to microtubules nucleated by B-lattice seeds, yet have increased catastrophe frequencies at both ends. Furthermore, binding B-lattice GDP microtubules to a rigor kinesin surface stabilizes them against shrinkage, whereas microtubules with extra A-lattice seams are stabilized only slightly. Our data suggest that introducing extra A-lattice seams into dynamic microtubules destabilizes them by destabilizing their GTP caps. On this basis, we propose that the single A-lattice seam of natural B-lattice MTs may act as a trigger point, and potentially a regulation point, for catastrophe.
‘Janus-type’ organopotassium chemistry observed in deprotonation of mesoionic imidazolium aminides and amino N-heterocyclic carbenes: coordination and organometallic polymers
Authors: Danopoulos Andreas A. , Braunstein Pierre
Published: January 2014

Deprotonation of the observable tautomeric equilibrium mixture of mesoionic 4-aminide imidazoliums and the corresponding 4-amino NHCs allows isolation of a monomeric potassium (imidazol-2-ylidenyl)(anilide), a ‘free’anioniccarbene, or polymeric organometallics with ‘Janus-type’ anionic NHC repeat units.
Graphdiyne as a metal-free catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation
Authors: Wu Ping , Du Pan , Zhang Hui , Cai Chenxin
Published: January 2014

We demonstrate by a DFT study that graphdiyne is a good, low-cost, and metal-free catalyst for low-temperature CO oxidation.
Modelling the behaviour of switchable-hydrophilicity solvents
Authors: Durelle Jeremy , Vanderveen Jesse R. , Jessop Philip G.
Published: January 2014

Mathematical modelling of the chemical and phase equilibria of switchable-hydrophilicity solvents helps explain and predict their properties and performance.
Toward enhanced conversion of model biogas mixtures: parametric tuning and mechanistic study for ceria–zirconia supported nickel–cobalt catalyst
Authors: Aw M. S. , Osojnik Črnivec I. G. , Pintar A.
Published: January 2014

This work underlines the parametric tuning and mechanistic study for CeZr supported bimetallic NiCo in methane dry reforming with carbon dioxide.
Consumption of Ocimum sanctum L. and Citrus paradisi infusions modulates lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in obese rats
Authors: Gamboa-Gómez Claudia , Salgado Luis M. , González-Gallardo Adriana , Ramos-Gómez Minerva , Loarca-Piña Guadalupe , Reynoso-Camacho Rosalía
Published: January 2014

A high saturated fat and fructose diet leads to metabolic disorders through dysregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
New dialkoxyamine-trithiocarbonate for the synthesis of multiblock copolymers through in tandem RAFT/NMP
Authors: St Thomas Claude , Maldonado-Textle Hortensia , Cabello-Romero Judith N. , Macossay Javier , Zhang Xujun , Esturau-Escofet Nuria , Guerrero-Santos Ramiro
Published: January 2014

A new strategy for synthesizing multiblock copolymers comprising polystyrene, polyacrylates, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), etc. is described.
Supramolecular polymer gels with potential model-network structure
Authors: Rossow Torsten , Seiffert Sebastian
Published: January 2014

Supramolecular polymer networks with different strengths of transient connectivity can be formed with nanometer-scale topologies close to those of regular model networks by transition-metal complexation of monodisperse star-shaped building blocks with terpyridine endgroups.
Recent applications of Cp2TiCl in natural product synthesis
Authors: Morcillo Sara P. , Miguel Delia , Campaña Araceli G. , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Justicia José , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: January 2014

Titanocene(iii)-based approaches have been demonstrated to be useful in the straightforward syntheses of many natural products from readily available starting materials.
Synthesis and properties of ZnTe and ZnTe/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Lincheneau Christophe , Amelia Matteo , Oszajca Marek , Boccia Alice , D'Orazi Fabio , Madrigale Mattia , Zanoni Robertino , Mazzaro Raffaello , Ortolani Luca , Morandi Vittorio , Silvi Serena , Szaciłowski Konrad , Credi Alberto
Published: January 2014

Nanocrystals obtained by growing a protecting ZnS shell onto a photoactive ZnTe core afford nanocrystals that can represent alternatives to cadmium-based quantum dots.
Fast and reliable class-selective isoflavone index determination on carbon nanotube press-transferred electrodes using microfluidic chips
Authors: Vilela D. , Martín A. , González M. C. , Escarpa A.
Published: January 2014

Direct microfluidic electrochemical sensing of class-isoflavones in complex soy samples on press-transferred carbon nanotubes.
Binaphthol-derived phosphoric acids as efficient chiral organocatalysts for the enantiomer-selective polymerization of rac-lactide
Authors: Makiguchi Kosuke , Yamanaka Takuto , Kakuchi Toyoji , Terada Masahiro , Satoh Toshifumi
Published: January 2014

A high enantiomer-selectivity for the polymerization of rac-lactide was achieved using binaphthol-derived monophosphoric acids as chiral organocatalysts.
Introducing the Ugi reaction into polymer chemistry as a green click reaction to prepare middle-functional block copolymers
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhao Yuan , Fu Changkui , Zhu Chongyu , Zhang Yaling , Wang Shiqi , Wei Yen , Tao Lei
Published: January 2014

The Ugi reaction has been utilized as a new click reaction to synthesize middle-functional copolymers.
Multiple conformations of a single SNAREpin between two nanodisc membranes reveal diverse pre-fusion states
Authors: Shin Jaeil , Lou Xiaochu , Kweon Dae-Hyuk , Shin Yeon-Kyun
Published: January 2014

SNAREpins must be formed between two membranes to allow vesicle fusion, a required process for neurotransmitter release. Although its post-fusion structure has been well characterized, pre-fusion conformations have been elusive. We used single-molecule FRET and EPR to investigate the SNAREpin assembled between two nanodisc membranes. The SNAREpin shows at least three distinct dynamic states, which might represent pre-fusion intermediates. Although the N-terminal half above the conserved ionic layer maintains a robust helical bundle structure, the membrane-proximal C-terminal half shows high FRET, representing a helical bundle (45%), low FRET, reflecting a frayed conformation (39%) or mid FRET revealing an as-yet unidentified structure (16%). It is generally thought that SNAREpins are trapped at a partially zipped conformation in the pre-fusion state, and complete SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) assembly happens concomitantly with membrane fusion. However, our results show that the complete SNARE complex can be formed without membrane fusion, which suggests that the complete SNAREpin formation could precede membrane fusion, providing an ideal access to the fusion regulators such as complexins and synaptotagmin 1.
Degree‐adjusted algorithm for prioritisation of candidate disease genes from gene expression and protein interactome
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Fang Haiyang , Yang Tinghong , Wu Duzhi , Zhao Jing
Published: January 2014

Computational methods play an important role in the disease genes prioritisation by integrating many kinds of data sources such as gene expression, functional annotations and protein–protein interactions. However, the existing methods usually perform well in predicting highly linked genes, whereas they work quite poorly for loosely linked genes. Motivated by this observation, a degree‐adjusted strategy is applied to improve the algorithm that was proposed earlier for the prediction of disease genes from gene expression and protein interactions. The authors also showed that the modified method is good at identifying loosely linked disease genes and the overall performance gets enhanced accordingly. This study suggests the importance of statistically adjusting the degree distribution bias in the background network for network‐based modelling of complex diseases.
Special microwave‐assisted one‐pot synthesis of low loading Pt–Ru alloy nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for methanol oxidation
Authors: Zhao Di , Shi Mei‐Qin , Liu Wei‐Ming , Chu You‐Qun , Ma Chun‐An
Published: January 2014

In this reported work, low loading Pt–Ru alloy nanoparticles (PtRu NPs) have been highly dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (PtRu/RGO) via an auto‐power adjusting microwave‐assisted one‐pot reaction process. The transmission electron microscopy result shows that PtRu NPs with a mean size of ∼ 2.99 nm decorated uniformly on RGO. The prepared PtRu/RGO is used as an electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Compared with the commercial carbon‐supported Pt–Ru alloy electrocatalyst, the PtRu/RGO composites demonstrate higher electrochemical active surface area and excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the MOR, such as higher peak current density, lower onset potential and long‐term stability. It is deduced that the good performance of the PtRu/RGO towards methanol oxidation could be attributed to the characterised RGO support which provides more effective support and enhances the utilisation of the PtRu clusters, and to the highly dispersed small Pt–Ru alloy NPs resulting from the special microwave heating mode and lower synthesis temperature, which subsequently leads to a valid bifunctional mechanism between Pt and Ru. The present study proves that the PtRu/RGO composites could be a promising alternative catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells and this effective preparation method can be widely applied to other metal/bimetal NPs.
Standardization of Antiphospholipid Antibody Testing—Historical Perspectives and Ongoing Initiatives
Authors: Willis Rohan , Lakos Gabriella , Harris E.
Published: January 2014

The measurement of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been an important aspect of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) characterization since the disease was first described in the 1980s. Despite significant efforts geared toward the standardization of immunoassays that measure anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-β2-glycoprotein I spanning three decades, there are still reports of significant interassay and interlaboratory variation in the results of these assays. At the recent 13th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies (APLA 2010, April 13–16, 2010, Galveston, TX), a task force composed of internationally recognized experts in the field of APS was formed to address these issues. In this review, we discuss approaches that have been used in the past to achieve harmonization among aPL immunoassays as well as the ongoing efforts of the APLA task force. Our review also highlights the importance of cutoff determination in aPL assays and the clinical significance of positive aPL results of varying magnitudes.
Preoperative Predictors of Patient Satisfaction with Outcome after Cervical Laminoplasty
Authors: Kimura Atsushi , Endo Teruaki , Inoue Hirokazu , Seichi Atsushi
Published: January 2014

Study design

Prospective cohort study.

Objective

The purpose of the present study was to identify the predictors of patient satisfaction with outcome after cervical laminoplasty for compressive cervical myelopathy.

Methods

A cohort of 143 patients with compressive myelopathy who underwent cervical double-door laminoplasty between 2008 and 2011 was studied prospectively. The principal outcome was patient satisfaction with outcome at 1 year after surgery. Patient satisfaction was graded on an ordinal scale from 1 to 7. Subjective health-related quality of life (QOL) and objective disease-specific outcome was measured by Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, respectively, before surgery and at 1-year follow-up. We evaluated the association between patient satisfaction at 1-year follow-up and various baseline parameters, including patient demographics, duration of symptoms, comorbidities, imaging findings, JOA score, and SF-36 scores.

Results

A total of 116 patients completed subjective and objective follow-up for a minimum of 1 year. Of 116 patients, 95 patients (81.9%) were satisfied with the outcome (“satisfied a little” or more). The unsatisfied group (“neutral” or less) showed significantly lower baseline SF-36 scores in bodily pain (BP), general health perceptions (GH), and vitality (VT) domains compared with the satisfied group. At the 1-year follow-up, SF-36 scores showed significant differences between the groups in all eight domains, whereas the JOA score showed no significant difference.

Conclusions

Lower baseline QOL measured by SF-36 scores, specifically in BP, GH, and VT domains, are associated with lower satisfaction with outcome after cervical laminoplasty.
A generalised vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian model for benzopyran
Authors: Joubert-Doriol Loïc , Lasorne Benjamin , Lauvergnat David , Meyer Hans-Dieter , Gatti Fabien
Published: January 2014

A new general model for describing intersecting multidimensional potential energy surfaces when motions of large amplitude are involved is presented. This model can be seen as an extension of the vibronic coupling models of Köppel et al. [“Multimode molecular dynamics beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation,” Adv. Chem. Phys. 57, 59 (1984)]. In contrast to the original vibronic coupling models, here the number of diabatic states is larger than the number of adiabatic states and curvilinear coordinates are used in a systematic way. Following general considerations, the approach is applied to the fitting of the potential energy surfaces for the very complex nonadiabatic photodynamics of benzopyran. Preliminary results are presented at the complete active space self-consistent field level of theory and with up to 12 active degrees of freedom. Special emphasis is placed on the physical interpretation of the diabatic states and on the influence of the various degrees of freedom on the fit.
Design, fabrication, and analysis of p-channel arsenide/antimonide hetero-junction tunnel transistors
Authors: Rajamohanan Bijesh , Mohata Dheeraj , Zhu Yan , Hudait Mantu , Jiang Zhengping , Hollander Matthew , Klimeck Gerhard , Datta Suman
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we demonstrate InAs/GaSb hetero-junction (hetJ) and GaSb homo-junction (homJ) p-channel tunneling field effect transistors (pTFET) employing a low temperature atomic layer deposited high-κ gate dielectric. HetJ pTFET exhibited drive current of 35 μA/μm in comparison to homJ pTFET, which exhibited drive current of 0.3 μA/μm at VDS = −0.5 V under DC biasing conditions. Additionally, with pulsing of 1 μs gate voltage, hetJ pTFET exhibited enhanced drive current of 85 μA/μm at VDS = −0.5 V, which is the highest reported in the category of III-V pTFET. Detailed device characterization was performed through analysis of the capacitance-voltage characteristics, pulsed current-voltage characteristics, and x-ray diffraction studies.
Mutual neutralization of atomic rare-gas cations (Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, Xe+) with atomic halide anions (Cl−, Br−, I−)
Authors: Shuman Nicholas S. , Miller Thomas M. , Johnsen Rainer , Viggiano Albert A.
Published: January 2014

We report thermal rate coefficients for 12 reactions of rare gas cations (Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, Xe+) with halide anions (Cl−, Br−, I−), comprising both mutual neutralization (MN) and transfer ionization. No rate coefficients have been previously reported for these reactions; however, the development of the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry technique makes it possible to measure the difference of the rate coefficients for pairs of parallel reactions in a Flowing Afterglow-Langmuir Probe apparatus. Measurements of 18 such combinations of competing reaction pairs yield an over-determined data set from which a consistent set of rate coefficients of the 12 MN reactions can be deduced. Unlike rate coefficients of MN reactions involving at least one polyatomic ion, which vary by at most a factor of ∼3, those of the atom-atom reactions vary by at least a factor 60 depending on the species. It is found that the rate coefficients involving light rare-gas ions are larger than those for the heavier rare-gas ions, but the opposite trend is observed in the progression from Cl− to I−. The largest rate coefficient is 6.5 × 10−8 cm3 s−1 for Ne+ with I−. Rate coefficients for Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+ reacting with Br2− are also reported.
Polymer brushes: A controllable system with adjustable glass transition temperature of fragile glass formers
Authors: Xie Shi-Jie , Qian Hu-Jun , Lu Zhong-Yuan
Published: January 2014

We present results of molecular dynamics simulations for coarse-grained polymer brushes in a wide temperature range to investigate the factors that affect the glass transition in these systems. We focus on the influences of free surface, polymer-substrate interaction strength, grafting density, and chain length not only on the change of glass transition temperature Tg, but also the fragility D of the glass former. It is found that the confinement can enhance the dependence of the Tg on the cooling rate as compared to the bulk melt. Our layer-resolved analysis demonstrates that it is possible to control the glass transition temperature Tg of polymer brushes by tuning the polymer-substrate interaction strength, the grafting density, and the chain length. Moreover, we find quantitative differences in the influence range of the substrate and the free surface on the density and dynamics. This stresses the importance of long range cooperative motion in glass formers near the glass transition temperature. Furthermore, the string-like cooperative motion analysis demonstrates that there exists a close relation among glass transition temperature Tg, fragility D, and string length ⟨S⟩. The polymer brushes that possess larger string length ⟨S⟩ tend to have relatively higher Tg and smaller D. Our results suggest that confining a fragile glass former through forming polymer brushes changes not only the glass transition temperature Tg, but also the very nature of relaxation process.
Experimental and numerical study of high order Stokes lines in Brillouin-erbium fiber laser
Authors: Yuan Yijun , Yao Yong , Xiao Jun Jun , Yang Yanfu , Tian Jiajun , Liu Chao
Published: January 2014

We experimentally study the dependences of high-order Stokes lines on the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) pump power PEDF, the Brillouin pump (BP) power PBP, and its working wavelength in a multiwavelength Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (MBEFL). By using the rate and propagation equations, and the coupled wave equations of stimulated Brillouin scattering, we establish a lumped model to describe the MBEFL. Numerical simulations show that the number of Stokes lines can be increased by decreasing the spacing between the BP wavelength and the EDF peak gain or PBP as long as it is larger than a critical value PBP(cr)=1.7 mW, or by increasing PEDF without reaching a saturation value PEDF(cr)=250 mW. However, when PBP and PEDF are varied beyond PBP(cr) and PEDF(cr), respectively, the number of Stokes lines is reduced, accompanied by some self-lasing cavity modes. These results by numerical simulation are consistent with experimental observations from the MBEFL.
Local atomic structure inheritance in Ag50Sn50 melt
Authors: Bai Yanwen , Bian Xiufang , Qin Jingyu , Hu Lina , Yang Jianfei , Zhang Kai , Zhao Xiaolin , Zhang Shuo , Huang Yuying , Yang Chuncheng
Published: January 2014

Local structure inheritance signatures were observed during the alloying process of the Ag50Sn50 melt, using high-temperature X-ray diffraction and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The coordination number Nm around Ag atom is similar in the alloy and in pure Ag melts (Nm ∼ 10), while, during the alloying process, the local structure around Sn atoms rearranges. Sn-Sn covalent bonds were substituted by Ag-Sn chemical bonds, and the total coordination number around Sn increases by about 70% as compared with those in the pure Sn melt. Changes in the electronic structure of the alloy have been studied by Ag and Sn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, as well as by calculations of the partial density of states. We propose that a leading mechanism for local structure inheritance in Ag50Sn50 is due to s-p dehybridization of Sn and to the interplay between Sn-s and Ag-d electrons.
The joint influence of collaboration and part-set cueing
Authors: Kelley Matthew R. , Pentz Carliann , Reysen Matthew B.
Published: January 2014

The present study was designed to examine the effects of retrieval cues on memory performance for both individuals and collaborating pairs. Participants worked either alone or together in the presence or absence of part-set cues to recall list items in Experiments 1 and 2 and to reconstruct the order of a list items in Experiment 3. The detrimental effects of collaborative inhibition were observed across all three experiments. In contrast, part-set cueing inhibition was found following free recall, whereas part-set cueing facilitation was observed on reconstruction tasks. Taken together, the results of the present experiments suggest that the effects of collaborative inhibition and part-set cueing may operate independently of one another.
Removal of immunoglobulin-like domains from titin’s spring segment alters titin splicing in mouse skeletal muscle and causes myopathy
Authors: Buck Danielle , Smith John E. , Chung Charles S. , Ono Yasuko , Sorimachi Hiroyuki , Labeit Siegfried , Granzier Henk L.
Published: January 2014

Titin is a molecular spring that determines the passive stiffness of muscle cells. Changes in titin’s stiffness occur in various myopathies, but whether these are a cause or an effect of the disease is unknown. We studied a novel mouse model in which titin’s stiffness was slightly increased by deleting nine immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains from titin’s constitutively expressed proximal tandem Ig segment (IG KO). KO mice displayed mild kyphosis, a phenotype commonly associated with skeletal muscle myopathy. Slow muscles were atrophic with alterations in myosin isoform expression; functional studies in soleus muscle revealed a reduced specific twitch force. Exon expression analysis showed that KO mice underwent additional changes in titin splicing to yield smaller than expected titin isoforms that were much stiffer than expected. Additionally, splicing occurred in the PEVK region of titin, a finding confirmed at the protein level. The titin-binding protein Ankrd1 was highly increased in the IG KO, but this did not play a role in generating small titin isoforms because titin expression was unaltered in IG KO mice crossed with Ankrd1-deficient mice. In contrast, the splicing factor RBM20 (RNA-binding motif 20) was also significantly increased in IG KO mice, and additional differential splicing was reversed in IG KO mice crossed with a mouse with reduced RBM20 activity. Thus, increasing titin’s stiffness triggers pathological changes in skeletal muscle, with an important role played by RBM20.
On the Morava K-theory of 𝑀₁₂
Authors: Schuster Björn
Published: January 2014

We show that for all

n
n

and all primes

p
p

, the Morava K-theory of the classifying space of the Mathieu group

M

12

M_{12}

is generated by transfers of Euler classes.
A search for Wilson primes
Authors: Costa Edgar , Gerbicz Robert , Harvey David
Published: January 2014

A Wilson prime is a prime

p
p

such that

(
p
−
1
)
!
=
−
1

(
mod

p
2

)

(p-1)! = -1 \pmod {p^2}

. We report on a search for Wilson primes up to

2
×

10

13

2 \times 10^{13}

, and describe several new algorithms that were used in the search. In particular, we give the first known algorithm that computes

(
p
−
1
)
!

(
mod

p
2

)

(p-1)! \pmod {p^2}

in average polynomial time per prime.
A Brief Review of General Relativity
Authors: Rezzolla Luciano , Zanotti Olindo
Published: January 2014

This chapter provides a brief summary of the basic aspects of Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Although not aimed to be comprehensive, a step-by-step presentation of the fundamental principles of relativity is provided. Following this spirit, a pragmatic presentation of all the relativistic concepts and quantities that are used in the rest of the book is resented. Our introduction to general relativity is based on a balance between the differential-geometry approach, which is nowadays regarded as the most elegant and physically appropriate one, and the coordinate-components approach, which is nevertheless fundamental for converting formal and compact equations into relations involving quantities that may be measured or computed.
Linear and Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Waves
Authors: Rezzolla Luciano , Zanotti Olindo
Published: January 2014

This chapter is devoted to the conditions under which nonlinear hydrodynamical waves are produced and to the study of the flow properties across such waves. Special emphasis is given to the mathematics of hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations, showing that the relativistic-hydrodynamics equations can be cast in both quasi-linear hyperbolic form and in conservative form. Attention is focused to the discussion of rarefaction and shock waves, which are treated to highlight the similarities and also the differences with Newtonian physics. Within this framework, the Riemann problem for the relativistic-hydrodynamics equations in flat spacetime is studied in great detail, both for one-dimensional and multidimensional flows. The chapter is completed by two more advanced topics, namely the stability of nonlinear waves and the properties of discontinuous solutions in full general relativity.
Relativistic Hydrodynamics of Non-Selfgravitating Fluids
Authors: Rezzolla Luciano , Zanotti Olindo
Published: January 2014

This chapter, which opens the last part of the book, is devoted to the analysis of physical systems whose associated total mass and energy is sufficiently small so as to be neglected and thus not providing a source for the right-hand side of the Einstein equations. In practice, cases are considered in which the spacetime can be considered fixed and the flow dynamics is that of a relativistic test fluid. Several such physical systems are studied, including similar and self-similar flows, relativistic blast waves, spherical flows onto a compact object, spherical and non-spherical accretion onto a moving black hole, fluids in circular motion around a black hole, geometrically thick tori, relativistic accreting disks, relativistic jets and relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Introduction—Words? What Words?
Authors: Borer Hagit
Published: January 2014

This chapter provides an introduction to the book as a whole. It begins with a detailed critical review of historical approaches to Words, focusing, in particular, on the rationale for listedness and lexical word formation, and attempting to show that from both a phonological and syntactic perspective, that move is conceptually and theoretically problematic. This is followed by a preliminary presentation of the specifics of the system to be used throughout the book, eventually to be justified in detail in Chapters 6–10. Specifically, roots are introduced as a phonological index, and two distinct functors are introduced—a categorial functor (C-functor), responsible for the division of the categorial space, and a semantic functor (S-functor) responsible for valuing otherwise null terminals to project — once valued and thus categorized — as segments of Extended Projections. Extended Projections are likewise defined as a universally fixed set of segments of Extended Projections dominating a categorial core (C-core). The chapter ends with an outline and discussion of the general organization of the book.
Embedding Syntactic Events within Nominals
Authors: Borer Hagit
Published: January 2014

This chapter provides detailed empirical evidence for the presence of a verbal or an adjectival Extended Projection within Argument Structure Nominals (AS-nominals), which is in turn responsible for the emergence of event interpretation within such nominals. Arguments are based primarily on Hebrew and on English, with some additional evidence coming from French. Data arguing against the existence, specifically, of verbal structure within derived nominals, based primarily on Chomsky (1970) for English and on Siloni (1996) for Hebrew is reviewed in detail, and while some of it is found lacking, some facts are provided with an alternative explanation. Direct evidence for verbal structure within AS-nominals is based, in Hebrew, on the distribution of object markers, by-phrases, and adverbs, as well as on constituent structure distinctions between AS-nominals and other nominals, derived or otherwise. For English, further evidence is based on ellipsis, on the limited distribution of adverbs, and on the distinct properties of de-verbal nominalizations and de-adjectival nominalizations, the latter valid in French as well. Finally, evidence is presented for adverbial raising to adjectives in English derived nominals, leading the way to an account of the limitations on the distribution of adverbs in English derived nominals.
Conclusion
Authors: Borer Hagit
Published: January 2014

This chapter provides a summary of the major results presented in the book, as well as an overview of their significance, particularly in light of past and future research agendas. A summary is presented of the syntactic, semantic, and phonological properties of the main building blocks proposed in this book: roots, C-functors, S-functors, and Extended Projections. In view of the conclusions reached regarding the role of phonological indices and phonological realization in the syntactic derivation, this chapter urges a re-evaluation of the role of some aspects of phonology in the syntactic derivation. It specifically questions the claim that is sometimes put forward that phonology as a whole cannot be part of narrow syntax.
Introduction: Listening to Music
Authors: Begbie Jeremy
Published: January 2014

This chapter outlines the purpose and scope of the book. Despite the relative neglect of music by contemporary theologians, it is urged that it can bear its own kind of witness to some of the pivotal theological currents and counter-currents that have shaped and informed modernity. The term ‘modernity’ receives clarification, and some comments are offered about an increasingly influential account of modernity’s origins. The concept of ‘music’ is elucidated, and the book is sitauted with respect to what is sometimes called the ‘the history of ideas’. It is explained that the book does not pretend to offer any kind of comprehensive survey or all-inclusive narrative, but comprises samples of what can be done when we are prepared to ‘listen’ in a concentrated way in a few critical areas.
Disquieting Conversations: Bach, Modernity, and God
Authors: Begbie Jeremy
Published: January 2014

This chapter consists of a constructive (yet critical) conversation with two of the finest and most stimulating studies of Bach currently available, John Butt’s, Bach’s Dialogue with Modernity and Karol Berger’s Bach’s Cycle, Mozart’s Arrow. Both situate Bach in relation to the emergence of modernity. The chapter focuses on three main loci raised by these books: subjectivity and creativity, openness and order, and time and eternity, and on the ways these are embodied in Bach’s work. It is argued that Butt offers a far more theologically nuanced reading than Berger of Bach in his time, especially with regard to the time–eternity relation. Concluding comments are made about the implications of Bach’s output for the way the role of theology is conceived in today’s late modern context.
The Nature of Music: Rameau, Rousseau, and ‘Natural Theology’
Authors: Begbie Jeremy
Published: January 2014

The enterprise known as ‘natural theology’ has been at various times a conspicuous feature of the intellectual landscape of modernity. Recent years have witnessed a flurry of writing on the topic, some holding that the arts hold out great potential for natural theology today. This chapter interrogates the concepts of the ‘natural’ and ‘nature’ by attending to one of the most famous and informative debates in music history: that between Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683–1764), the leading composer of the French Enlightenment, and the philosopher and writer Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–78), both of whom appealed to the concept of ‘nature’ to ground their theory of music. The chapter concludes with comments on the roles that music might play in a theology that could legitimately call itself ‘natural’. Music is thus shown not only to provide a means of clarification but to open up a variety of fresh possibilities for the theologian.
Music and God-Talk (2): Interaction in Action
Authors: Begbie Jeremy
Published: January 2014

This chapter develops the preceding discussion of Cook in a theological context. How might an engagement with music, and discourse about music, contribute to the formation of theological language, and to a more faithful and fruitful ‘indwelling’ of theological language already in use, and one that is sensitive to the challenges of modernity? It is argued that theology is committed to a certain understanding of the ‘primacy’ of language by virtue of God’s own self-presentation in Jesus Christ. At the same time, this need not diminish the distinctive attributes and capacities of music as they interact with language. Music—in, with, and through theological language—can enable a fuller participation in the realities which that language mediates and in which it is caught up. This is expanded with particular attention to doctrine, and the chapter concludes with some reflections on the wider issues at stake concerning creation and ontology.