bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shekhinah as ‘shield’ to Israel: Refiguring the Role of Divine Presence in Jewish Tradition and the Shoah
Authors: Devine Luke
Published: August 2016

The biblical, talmudic, midrashic, and mystical traditions, as well as contemporary Jewish feminist theologies, reveal a plethora of Shekhinah images. If tracked historically these readings, while diverse, reveal continuities even across traditions. These include Shekhinah’s ‘immanence’, ‘presence’, ‘exile’, and shared ‘suffering’. Another vital continuity is Shekhinah’s function as protective ‘shield’. Accordingly, in her gendered theology of the Shoah Raphael argues that Shekhinah was ‘present but concealed in Auschwitz because her female face was yet unknowable to women’. Raphael’s selectivist approach appropriates and de-contextualizes texts from the biblical, rabbinic, Zoharic, Lurianic and Hasidic traditions. For Raphael this methodology is necessary given the tradition’s ‘androcentric and patriarchal’ underpinnings. This article’s reading of Shekhinah’s role in the Shoah, however, differs from Raphael’s theology. Indeed, while Raphael acknowledges the historical continuities of Shekhinah’s ‘immanence’, ‘presence’, ‘exile’, ‘suffering’ and protection, she justifiably claims that Auschwitz was not a ‘place of protection’. This is because Raphael understandably refuses associate Shekhinah with the ‘violent and abusive’ God of the ‘masculine Jewish tradition’. Yet a reading of the tradition(s), ‘warts and all’, reveals that Shekhinah’s presence but inability to protect the ‘victims’ is a break with precedent and requires explanation. This article therefore tracks Shekhinah’s protective role in Jewish tradition and history to suggest, using mystical texts, that the divine presence was sufficiently empowered to intervene in the Shoah and pleaded Israel’s cause, but was powerless because the Holy One, blessed be He refused to ‘consent’. In the process this article hopes to add another layer to Shekhinah’s story and to help ‘bring her out of exile’.
Remembering the Body: Misogyny Through the Lens of Judges 19
Authors: Kuja Ryan
Published: August 2016

This essay engages the issue of misogyny through the narrative of the concubine of Judges 19. By utilizing a literary feminist re-reading of this text, the gender violence of both the ancient Near East and today, as well as the intersection between the two, is revealed. By journeying with this unnamed woman who was abused and murdered, the reader is invited to mourn the violence perpetrated against her in the name of patriarchy and in doing so to remember the women of today – named and unnamed, dead and alive – who have suffered at the hands of a similar misogyny.
In God’s House there are Many Rooms (Jn 14.2–27)
Authors: Phillips Debra
Published: August 2016

In this article I make links between melancholia, creativity and communion with God at a personal level, referencing John’s gospel, ‘God’s house has many rooms’ (14.2–3) and ‘The Mansions’, a text written by Theresa of Avila where the ‘mansion’ is an analogy for the space in which God’s omniscient love is realized. My paintings were formed from the day-to-day lived experience of ‘psycheache’ (Joiner, 2005: 37) and are a graphic representation of a non-explainable reality. I see in these paintings a transcendent reality for they are the markings I made to express a state-of-being that could not be articulated. During this episode of Depression I painted dark interiors with rambling corridors, flights of steps and doorways leading into rooms empty of people.
Design-corrected variation by centre in mortality reduction in the ERSPC randomised prostate cancer screening trial
Authors: Hakama Matti , Moss Sue M , Stenman Ulf-Hakan , Roobol Monique J , Zappa Marco , Carlsson Sigrid , Randazzo Marco , Nelen Vera , Hugosson Jonas
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To calculate design-corrected estimates of the effect of screening on prostate cancer mortality by centre in the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).

Setting

The ERSPC has shown a 21% reduction in prostate cancer mortality in men invited to screening with follow-up truncated at 13 years. Centres either used pre-consent randomisation (effectiveness design) or post-consent randomisation (efficacy design).

Methods

In six centres (three effectiveness design, three efficacy design) with follow-up until the end of 2010, or maximum 13 years, the effect of screening was estimated as both effectiveness (mortality reduction in the target population) and efficacy (reduction in those actually screened).

Results

The overall crude prostate cancer mortality risk ratio in the intervention arm vs control arm for the six centres was 0.79 ranging from a 14% increase to a 38% reduction. The risk ratio was 0.85 in centres with effectiveness design and 0.73 in those with efficacy design. After correcting for design, overall efficacy was 27%, 24% in pre-consent and 29% in post-consent centres, ranging between a 12% increase and a 52% reduction.

Conclusion

The estimated overall effect of screening in attenders (efficacy) was a 27% reduction in prostate cancer mortality at 13 years’ follow-up. The variation in efficacy between centres was greater than the range in risk ratio without correction for design. The centre-specific variation in the mortality reduction could not be accounted for by the randomisation method.
The Role of International Service-Learning in Facilitating Undergraduate Students’ Self-Exploration
Authors: Yang Min , Luk Lillian Yun Yung , Webster Beverley Joyce , Chau Albert Wai-lap , Ma Carol Hok Ka
Published: August 2016

This article examines the role of international service-learning (ISL) in facilitating undergraduates’ exploration of their conceptions of self (i.e., self-exploration). Conception of self refers to the use of values to define one’s role in a social/cultural group or organization and in society, and to determine current actions and future commitments. ISL is intentionally structured activities involving students in social services in overseas settings. Existing research underscores the importance of inducting students to other-oriented (showing care and empathy for others) values in facilitating their self-exploration through ISL. Interviews with 48 students in Hong Kong who participated in ISL revealed qualitative differences in students’ conceptions of self related to moral, cultural, and leadership values. The findings highlight the need to guide students to critically self-reflect on their values and actions, and build reciprocal relationships with others. Implications for international educators and service-learning practitioners to support students’ self-exploration in ISL are proposed.
Rethinking Multicultural Group Work as Intercultural Learning
Authors: Reid Robin , Garson Kyra
Published: August 2016

This article presents our findings of an exploration of students’ perceptions of multicultural group work when specific changes in pedagogy and methods of evaluation were made to include the processes students navigate, instead of merely the end product of their collaboration. Shifting demographics and increasing cultural diversity in higher education classrooms have presented the need for educators to rethink the formation, preparation, and evaluation of group work. This paper argues for learning to include the process of working with others rather than merely the product of group work. The findings from this study support previous literature advocating for more intentional approaches by providing evidence that changes to the preparation of groups, the formation of groups, and the evaluation of group work enhanced intercultural learning and improved the experience of working in a multicultural group for the majority of the participants.
Motivations of Government-Sponsored Kurdish Students for Pursuing Postgraduate Studies Abroad
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Bayiz , Hassan Hemin Ali , Al-Ahmedi Mustafa Wshyar Abdulla
Published: August 2016

This study examines the motivations of government-sponsored Kurdish students to study abroad and the reasons for choosing a particular country as their destination choice. Based on data we collected through an online survey and follow-up interviews, we compare demographic differences to explore the diversity among this cohort. The findings of the study show that motivations for overseas education are mainly related to career advancement and experiencing a good quality education. The study also shows that social agents have less influence on Kurdish students who tend to be older and more independent than most study abroad students.
The Application of Minority Influence Theory in Computer-Mediated Communication Groups
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , Youngreen Reef
Published: August 2016

Using computer-mediated communication (CMC) groups as a context, this theoretical study aims at providing further specifications for the application of minority influence theory in small group research. Based on a focused literature review, this article proposes a framework that contextualizes strategic language use as an essential component of minority influence in CMC groups. Highlighting the role that unique features of CMC (e.g., interactive text-based communication, anonymity, salience of status markers) play in shaping and modifying minority influence in CMC groups, the proposed framework outlines testable propositions for future empirical studies.
Association Between Train-of-Four Values and Gas Exchange Indices in Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Groetzinger Lara M. , Rivosecchi Ryan M. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. , Donahoe Michael P.
Published: August 2016

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Neuromuscular blockade is associated with an improvement in oxygenation and a reduction in mortality in ARDS. Objective: The goal of this evaluation was to determine if the depth of paralysis, determined by train-of-four (TOF) monitoring, correlates with gas exchange in moderate to severe ARDS. Methods: This was a retrospective review of moderate to severe ARDS patients who were prescribed >12 hours of continuous infusion cisatracurium between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, with a PaO2:FiO2 ratio <150 and documented TOF and arterial blood gases. Patients were evaluated for inclusion at 12, 24, and 48 hours after initiation of neuromuscular blockade. Results: A total of 378 patients were screened for inclusion, with 107 evaluable patients meeting criteria at baseline. Poor correlation existed between TOF and oxygenation index (OI) at 12 (τ = 0.03), 24 (τ = 0.15) and 48 hours (τ = 0.08). When controlling for proning and baseline OI, the depth of paralysis did not have a significant effect on OI at 12, 24, or 48 hours. Conclusions: This evaluation demonstrates that the use of TOF monitoring for neuromuscular blockade does not correlate with gas exchange markers in moderate to severe ARDS.
New series parallel switched multilevel inverter for a three phase induction motor
Authors: Geetha R , Ramaswamy M
Published: August 2016

The paper develops a new topology for a three phase multilevel inverter with a view to reduce the number of switches in the path of the current. It encompasses a mechanism to reach the desired target voltage and in turn enable the three phase induction motor to operate at the specified speed. The formulation incorporates the theory of an appropriate pulse width modulation strategy to ensure the elimination of higher frequency components of the output voltage. The use of relatively smaller number of carriers in the process of generating the switching pulses serves to enhance the output voltage spectrum. The intriguing merits of the phase disposition over the other modulation schemes enable to arrive at a nearly sinusoidal voltage. The performance obtained from the prototype substantiate the MATLAB based simulation results and establish the ability of the series parallel switched multilevel inverter topology to offer an improved performance for the induction motor.
Vibration isolation with clutch disk pre-damper mechanism for the idle rattle phenomenon
Authors: Yüceşan Alişan , Sezer Semih
Published: August 2016

In this paper, the influence of clutch disk pre-damper mechanism constituents on the idle rattle phenomenon was investigated with an analytical model containing a new time-varying gear mesh stiffness function. Comparing experimental results to simulation results for the same excitation input was the key implementation for the validation of proposed model. The engine speed fluctuations represented in the simulation was imported from a speed measurement of a diesel engine in the test bench.
“Outsiders with Deep Pockets”: The Nationalization of Local School Board Elections
Authors: Reckhow Sarah , Henig Jeffrey R. , Jacobsen Rebecca , Alter Litt Jamie
Published: August 2016

Recent election cycles have seen growing attention to the role of “outside” money in urban school board elections. Using an original data set of more than 16,000 contributions covering election cycles from 2008 to 2013 in four school districts (Los Angeles, CA; New Orleans, LA; Denver, CO; Bridgeport, CT), we show how large national donors play a significant role. Our study links two dynamic fields that are rarely studied together: (1) the behavior of wealthy donors in a changing national campaign finance system and (2) the evolving politics of urban education. By examining donor networks, we illuminate the mechanisms behind the nationalization of education politics and national donor involvement in local campaigns. We show that shared affiliations through education organizations are significantly associated with school board campaign contributions.
Potential drug–drug interactions in hospitalised haematological patients
Authors: Fernández de Palencia Espinosa Ma Ángeles , Díaz Carrasco Ma Sacramento , Sánchez Salinas Andrés , de la Rubia Nieto Amelia , Miró Alberto Espuny
Published: August 2016

Background

Frequently, haematological patients undergo highly complex and intensive treatment protocols, so a high risk of drug–drug interactions could be expected.

Objectives

To determine prevalence of clinically relevant drug–drug interactions, to identify the most frequent drug–drug interactions and associated risk factors.

Methods

A prospective, observational and descriptive study was carried out from November 2012 to February 2013. Twice a week, every patient’s treatment sheet was collected. Each medication list was screened through two databases: Thomson MicromedexTM and Drug Interaction FactsTM. All identified potential drug–drug interactions with a moderate or higher severity rating were recorded. Summary statistics were used to describe patient and disease characteristics, most often prescribed drugs, and frequency, types and classification of drug–drug interactions. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors associated with drug–drug interactions.

Results

A total of 2061 drug–drug interactions were detected in 317 treatment sheets from 58 patients. The prevalence of treatment sheets with drug–drug interactions by Micromedex and Drug Interaction Facts databases were 74.1% and 56.8%, respectively. Azole antifungals, immunosuppressive drugs, antiemetics, antidepressants, acid suppressants and corticosteroids were the most frequent involved drugs. In multivariate analysis, the main risk factor associated with increased odds for drug–drug interactions was a higher number of non-antineoplastic drugs.

Conclusions

The prevalence of drug–drug interactions was common, with immunosuppressant and azole antifungal agents being the most commonly involved drugs. The factor having the greatest influence on drug–drug interactions was a higher number of non-antineoplastic drugs.
“A Big Circle of Unity”
Authors: Muth William
Published: August 2016

This study explores the lived experiences of incarcerated fathers “being-in-text” with their children. It draws on Husserlian and Heideggerian notions of intentionality that are partly deconstructed by Derrida and further “posted” by Vagle’s notion of post-intentionality and Barad’s posthumanism. Of particular interest is a week-long prison-based mural project—framed in terms of multimodal, existential, identity work—that provided material support for fathers’ ontological shifts from being prisoners to being fathers in phenomenal time and space. The study revealed that being-in-text was lived as a contingent and suspenseful “being-in” time and space, oriented in a “being for” children, even as other forces of being-in-prison discouraged fathers from looking up toward horizons beyond prison walls. These dehumanizing forces of prison were a form of blind loyalty—a looking down and away from life outside prison and narratives of belonging. The study further revealed a possibility for becoming fathers as prisoners looked up into the eyes of (present and imagined) family members. Literacy events provide contexts for prisoners to be answerable to their children. But being-in-text and being-in-prison are lived as a singular and constant tension of “staging” that raises ethical concerns about the risks and costs of these ontological shifts. From this, an appeal is made for a nuanced valuing of prisoners as subjects rather than objects, and for further exploring a “posted” phenomenology’s role in literacy research and social justice work.
Professional Service Providers’ Resource Integration Styles (PRO-RIS)
Authors: Ng Sylvia C. , Plewa Carolin , Sweeney Jillian C.
Published: August 2016

This article investigates the professional service provider’s role in the customer resource integration process for value creation, by drawing on research in the areas of resource integration, service experience, and role theory. Roles are flexible, in that behaviors associated with a role may vary according to the situation, expectations, and learned behaviors of the actors involved. In the context of professional service providers who support a customer’s resource integration, these role variations accordingly can be termed resource integration styles. Grounded in managerial practice, the current study relies on in-depth interviews to determine the styles that professional service providers use to support customer resource integration in a financial planning setting. The proposed typology of five styles (delegate, mentor, partner, coach, and validator), termed professional service providers’ resource integration styles (PRO-RIS), can be described by eight resource integration activity dimensions: participation ratio, frequency of interaction, deliberation, decision-making, updating, educating, connecting, and motivating. This research thus provides rich qualitative insights into how professional service providers can support customers’ resource integration processes, through the provision of appropriate resources. Notably, professional service providers can offer distinct benefits by varying the combination of resources provided to facilitate value creation. No single, best style exists; professional service providers should leverage the various styles described by PRO-RIS and adapt the eight resource integration activities as needed to support their customers.
Inspired to Stretch, to Bend a Little, to Grow
Authors: Cooney Siobhan M. , Feldman Jill , Kelley John
Published: August 2016

The authors discuss both the genesis of the Eleanor Chelimsky Forum on Evaluation Theory and Practice and the 2015 Forum, which featured remarks by Abraham Wandersman.
Codifying Practice Into Theory
Authors: Leviton Laura C.
Published: August 2016

In this commentary I discuss how Getting to Outcomes and other empowerment strategies have potential to contribute to a theory of evaluation practice, address the epistemology of quality improvement, and inform the external validity of outcome evaluations.
Experimental study on the flexural properties of 3D integrated woven spacer composites at room and subzero temperatures
Authors: Kus Abdil , Durgun Ismail , Ertan Rukiye
Published: August 2016

The flexural behavior of the 3D integrated woven spacer composites with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer face sheets are performed with epoxy and polyester matrix in the warp direction. The static loading of foam core carbon/epoxy and carbon/polyester composite sandwich panels in three-point flexural test was characterized at room temperature (23℃) and at liquid nitrogen temperature (−40℃). Macro-fracture morphology and progress have been examined to understand the deformation and failure mechanism. Significant increases in the flexural strength with brittle type core shear failure were observed at low temperatures as compared with the corresponding room temperature behavior. The performance of the epoxy-based composite is compared to the polyester one. Significant changes in the flexural properties of the composites have been found, first related to the temperature and then to the resin type. The flexural properties of the epoxy-based composites were affected greatly by temperature and exhibited higher flexural performance than polyester-based composites at low temperatures.
Learning subversion in the business school: An ‘improbable’ encounter
Authors: Bureau Sylvain P , Komporozos-Athanasiou Aris
Published: August 2016

Entrepreneurs develop activities that aim to challenge the status quo, break rules and subvert systems. How can such a thing be taught/learnt in a business school? This article contributes to current debates within entrepreneurship studies that seek to address the subversive nature of entrepreneurial activity. It presents an ethnographic case study of an entrepreneurship course that attempts to re-define the teaching and learning boundaries of subversive activities in a leading European business school. Drawing on the theory of Bakhtin, which has thus far been overlooked in entrepreneurship studies, we unpick the potentiality of art practices in the learning and experiencing of the subversive dimension of entrepreneurship. We employ the concept of ‘dialogical pedagogy’ in order to address calls for more ‘relationally experienced’ approaches to management learning that foreground the conflicts, emotional strains and uncertainties that are embedded in the fabric of entrepreneurial practice. We show how ‘subversive dialogues’ are enacted between students and teachers as they engage in the learning process, and we discuss implications for critical entrepreneurship teaching in an increasingly commoditized education environment.
Accuracy of teledentistry examinations at predicting actual treatment modality in a pediatric dentistry clinic
Authors: McLaren Sean W , Kopycka-Kedzierawski Dorota T , Nordfelt Jed
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of predicting dental treatment modalities for children seen initially by means of a live-video teledentistry consultation.

Methods

A retrospective dental record review was completed of 251 rural pediatric patients from the Finger Lakes region of New York State who had an initial teledentistry appointment with a board-certified pediatric dentist located remotely at the Eastman Institute for Oral Health in Rochester, NY. Proportions of children who were referred for specific treatment modalities and who completed treatment and proportions of children for whom the treatment recommendation was changed were calculated. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess statistical significance.

Results

The initial treatment modality was not changed for 221/251 (88%) children initially seen for a teledentistry consultation. Thirty (12%) children had the initial treatment modality changed, most frequently children who were initially suggested treatment with nitrous oxide. Based on the initial treatment modality, changes to a different treatment modality were statistically significant (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the use of a live-video teledentistry consultation can be an effective way of predicting the best treatment modality for rural children with significant dental disease. A live-video teledentistry consultation can be an effective intervention to facilitate completion of complex treatment plans for children from a rural area that have extensive dental needs.
The curator, the investor, and the dupe: Consumer desire and Chinese Cultural Revolution memorabilia
Authors: Coderre Laurence
Published: August 2016

This article examines the discourse surrounding the collection of Cultural Revolution memorabilia in the contemporary People’s Republic of China. The author focuses on the emergence of three key discursive figures: the collector/curator, the collector/investor, and the collector as dupe. At issue in the construction of each of these figures is the unsettling force of consumer desire, its ethics and negotiation. In the case of the curator and investor, the author considers the mechanisms through which consumer desire is decentered in the name of historical responsibility and exchange value, respectively. These mechanisms of deferral are contrasted to the often nostalgic desire embodied by the dupe, but this figure and his or her consumer desire are in fact crucial to the discourse of collection as a whole. Indeed, despite claims to the contrary, the dupe bespeaks an enduring quest for a mode of interaction between person and thing outside the bounds of commodity exchange.
Language teacher noticing: A socio-cognitive window on classroom realities
Authors: Jackson Daniel O. , Cho Minyoung
Published: August 2016

This article introduces the construct of teacher noticing, situates it in research on second language teacher cognition, and considers its implications for research on second language teacher training, acknowledging socio-cognitive perspectives on language learning and teaching. We then present a mixed-methods observational study that utilized quantitative and qualitative approaches to study novice teacher noticing in the context of teaching demonstrations carried out as part of eight participants’ undergraduate course requirements. Teacher noticing was defined as awareness of features of second language classroom interaction that may influence student learning. The goals of the study were to: (1) assess our approach to studying teacher noticing, (2) examine the interactional contexts in which teacher noticing occurs, and (3) identify themes in novice teacher noticing. The results indicated that the stimulated recall methodology used was, not surprisingly, sensitive to the time delay between teaching demonstrations and recall interviews. Nonetheless, all participants reported noticing. Teacher noticing occurred primarily when the participants were teaching to the whole class and tended to involve the difference between plans vs. reality, noticing as a trigger for action, and individual learner contributions. The discussion weighs the strengths and limitations of this study and explains how a focus on the significance that teachers place on classroom interactions they become aware of during lessons may benefit research on language teacher education.
When logics of party politics and online activism collide: The populist Finns Party’s identity under negotiation
Authors: Hatakka Niko
Published: August 2016

This article portrays the relationship of populist parties, far-right online action and journalistic media by analysing the consequences of a Finnish populist party mobilizing resources created in an online community of anti-immigration activists. How have the traditionally centre-left-populist Finns Party’s attempts of utilizing the far-right-leaning online network Hommaforum contributed to the mediated negotiation over the party’s identity? The study analyses discursive exchanges between Finnish political journalists, the party leader Timo Soini and Hommaforum activists pertaining to the party’s affiliation with racism and extremism during 2008–2015. As a case study, the article discusses the implications of online action diffusing into institutionalized politics and the public sphere. The study suggests that due to the inherent publicness, connective nature and political smearing-applicability of controversial online action, the mobilization of online resources forces traditional organizations to use considerable communicative resources to compensate for the loss of centralized control over communicating party identity.
“One tweet to make so much noise”: Connected celebrity activism in the case of Marlee Matlin
Authors: Ellcessor Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

Celebrity activism, online celebrity, and online activism are all growing areas of research, but have received relatively little integration. This article argues that connected celebrity activism deploys social media to forge a variety of connections, enabling activist values to pervade a celebrity persona, reinforcing perceptions of authenticity and recirculating those values to disparate audiences. In the case of Deaf American actor Marlee Matlin, media reform activism serves as a unifying feature, expressed via technologically-facilitated connections between her acting, activist, and online activities, creating a cohesive star text that is seemingly authentic in respect to both Deaf and celebrity identities without being stereotypical. Such centrality and unification via connected celebrity activism stands in contrast to more traditional celebrity activism, and draws upon the specific dynamics of digital media, online activism, and contemporary celebrity culture.
Surface morphology, bioactivity, and antibacterial studies of pulsed laser deposited hydroxyapatite coatings on Stainless Steel 254 for orthopedic implant applications
Authors: Das Ashish , Shukla Mukul
Published: August 2016

Coating of hydroxyapatite using the pulsed laser deposition technique, on medical grade UNS S31254 stainless steel (254SS), to yield a biomaterial for potential orthopedic implant applications, is unreported so far in the literature. In this paper, the pulsed laser deposition process was used to improve the physiological response of 254SS. The surface morphology of the deposited hydroxyapatite coatings was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, while the phase composition of the deposited hydroxyapatite coatings was determined using the X-ray diffraction method. The thickness and adhesive strength of the hydroxyapatite coatings were determined using an ellipsometer and a tensometer, respectively. The antibacterial efficacy of the deposited hydroxyapatite coatings was confirmed using the modern technique of fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Finally, the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite coatings was investigated by conducting immersion test in simulated body fluid environment. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy results revealed higher (∼8 nm) average surface roughness, which is likely to facilitate better osseointegration. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that postdeposition annealing is essential to achieve the desired crystallinity and uniformity of coatings. Tensile pull-out tests confirmed adhesive strength of hydroxyapatite coatings beyond the standard expected values. Immersion tests inferred high bioactivity of pulsed laser deposition hydroxyapatite coatings. The promising results obtained in this research signify the potential application of hydroxyapatite coatings in orthopedic implants.
A numerical–analytical approach to predict the effects of shot peening on the fatigue performance of the nickel-based super alloy Waspaloy
Authors: Seddik Raoudha , Ben Sghaier Rabii , Fathallah Raouf
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a combined numerical–analytical approach to consider the effects of shot-peening surface treatment on the fatigue performance of metallic parts. This approach has the advantage to take into account both the favorable and unfavorable shot-peening effects. It is constituted by three principle steps: (i) a 3D finite element active simulation of the shot-peening process; (ii) prediction of the change of the shot-peened surface properties during the applied cyclic loading; and (iii) prediction of the change of the fatigue performances for both limited and high number of cycles. An application has been carried out on the aeronautical-based nickel super-alloy material, Waspaloy. The obtained results are in good correlation with available experimental investigations results and physically consistent. This proposed approach can be used to determine the optimum shot-peening conditions.
Design and experimental assessment of an electromagnetic energy harvester based on slotted disc springs
Authors: Castagnetti Davide , Dallari Federico
Published: August 2016

Efficient conversion of ambient energy, being intrinsically variable and in the low frequency range is a fundamental issue for the development of self-powered electronic systems. Simple and reliable solutions are based on piezoelectric or electromagnetic transducers. This work presents an innovative electromagnetic vibration-based energy converter, relying on two counteracting slotted disc springs, which originate a low stiffness mechanical system under a given preload. The electromagnetic converter, involving cylindrical permanent magnets, features coils with a peculiar ‘8’ loop configuration, on opposite sides of the magnets. The prototype was built with commercial components and purposely developed parts, manufactured through rapid prototyping. The experimental validation highlights an excellent response, both in terms of the multi-frequency behaviour and with regard to the significant power output also at low input accelerations.
Galvanizing girls for development? Critiquing the shift from ‘smart’ to ‘smarter economics’
Authors: Chant Sylvia
Published: August 2016

This article traces the mounting interest in, and visibility of, girls and young women in development (WID) policy, especially since the turn of the twenty-first century when a ‘Smart Economics’ rationale for promoting gender equality and female empowerment has become ever more prominent and explicit. ‘Smart Economics’, which is strongly associated with an increased influence of corporate stakeholders, frequently through public–private partnerships (PPPs), stresses a ‘business case’ for investing in women for developmental (read economic) efficiency, with investment in younger generations of women being touted as more efficient still. The latter is encapsulated in the term ‘Smarter Economics’ with the Nike Foundation’s ‘Girl Effect’ being a showcase example. In this, and similar, initiatives linked with neoliberal development, ‘investing in girls’ appears to be driven not only by imperatives of ‘female empowerment’, but also to realize more general dividends for future economic growth and poverty alleviation. Yet, while it may well be that girls and young women have benefited from their rapid relocation from the sidelines towards the centre of development discourse and planning, major questions remain as to whose voices are prioritized, and whose agendas are primarily served by the current shift from ‘Smart’ to ‘Smarter Economics’.
A framework for linking forestry co-management institutional arrangements with their associated livelihood outcomes
Authors: Ming’ate Felix Lamech Mogambi
Published: August 2016

Co-management of forest resources has gained acceptance among governments, development agencies and development practitioners as an alternative natural resources management strategy to the top-down or centralized government management approach. However, a significant methodological issue in the current literature on evaluation of co-management institutional arrangement is how to link these institutions with sustainable livelihood outcomes of the poor forest dependent communities. To address this limitation, there is need for linking co-management with the sustainability of the community, effectively for the sustainability of its livelihood. This article links two theoretical concepts—co-management and sustainable livelihood approach (SLA)—to formulate an evaluative framework for co-management of forest institutions and their associated livelihood outcomes.
Book review: Papaioannou, T. and Butcher, M. 2013: International Development in a Changing World and Butcher, M. and Papaioannou T. 2013: New Perspectives in International Development
Authors: Nam Ji Young
Published: August 2016

Papaioannou, T. and Butcher, M. 2013: International Development in a Changing World. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 368 pp. $140 (hardback), $44.95 (paperback), $33.99 (ebook). ISBN 978 1 78093 234 7 (hardback), 978 1 78093 237 8 (paperback), 978 1 78093–236–1 (ebook).

Butcher, M. and Papaioannou T. 2013: New Perspectives in International Development. 240 pp. London: Bloomsbury Academic. $110 (hardback), $34.95 (paperback), $28.99 (ebook). ISBN 978 1 78093 234 9 (hardback), 978 1 78093 251 4 (paperback), 978 1 78093–248–4 (ebook).
Measuring younger onset dementia: A comprehensive literature search of the quantitative psychosocial research
Authors: Spreadbury JH , Kipps CM
Published: August 2016

Background

Research is beginning to demonstrate the unique psychosocial effects of young onset dementia. Theorising remains at an early stage and there has been little discussion about measurement and methodological issues. Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive literature search of the young onset dementia psychosocial research, and to identify the domains of experience measured with patients and caregivers.

Method

We conducted a search of five electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library) using equivalent database controlled vocabulary terms. We supplemented this search by using free text searches within electronic databases, searching reference sections of salient papers, and using online search engines. We defined psychosocial as referring to patient and caregiver psychological, behavioural, and social functioning in the context of living with young onset dementia.

Results

We identified 72 published articles, 49 quantitative and 23 qualitative. The quantitative articles form the focus of the present review. We identified 10 domains of patient experience measured and 14 domains of caregiver experience. The patient domains measured most often were behaviour, cognition, functioning, and severity, and reflected a focus on symptoms and clinical features. Quality of Life (QoL) was the patient domain measured least often. The caregiver domains measured most often were mental health and burden, and reflected a focus on psychological well-being and coping.

Conclusion

The scope of measurement is broader in caregivers than patients. QoL although under-researched may be a useful domain to measure in future research. Risk factors, measurement and methodological issues are discussed.
Postural stability in the cognitively impaired elderly: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Cieślik Błażej , Jaworska Lilianna , Szczepańska-Gieracha Joanna
Published: August 2016

Introduction

The aim of this study was to review the literature and critically analyse publications connecting cognitive impairment with postural stability.

Methods

Four electronic databases were searched. The inclusion criteria comprised the relation between the process of maintaining balance and cognitive impairment.

Results

Of the 153 selected articles, 15 met the inclusion criteria. In 83% of publications, cognitive status was determined with the use of the Mini-Mental State Examination. In eight publications, postural stability was examined using force plates. Other methods used to test the balance were functional tests, i.e. the Berg Balance Scale or the Balance Evaluation Systems Test.

Conclusion

As the choice of methodology varies significantly, it is difficult to attempt an objective comparison between different studies. There is a clear need for the normalisation of methods used to assess the degree of dementia and to assess postural stability among this group of people.
Graph-based visual analysis for large-scale hydrological modeling
Authors: Leonard Lorne , MacEachren Alan M , Madduri Kamesh
Published: August 2016

This article reports on the development and application of a visual analytics approach to big data cleaning and integration focused on very large graphs, constructed in support of national-scale hydrological modeling. We explain why large graphs are required for hydrology modeling and describe how we create two graphs using continental United States heterogeneous national data products. The first smaller graph is constructed by assigning level-12 hydrological unit code watersheds as nodes. Creating and cleaning graphs at this scale highlight the issues that cannot be addressed without high-resolution datasets and expert intervention. Expert intervention, aided with visual analytical tools, is necessary to address edge directions at the second graph scale: subdividing continental United States streams as edges (851,265,305) and nodes (683,298,991) for large-scale hydrological modeling. We demonstrate how large graph workflows are created and are used for automated analysis to prepare the user interface for visual analytics. We explain the design of the visual interface using a watershed case study and then discuss how the visual interface is used to engage the expert user to resolve data and graph issues.
Offspring Protection
Authors: Steiner Eric T.
Published: August 2016

Parental aggression, that is, offspring protection aggression, can be viewed as a type of parental investment. Most mammalian males do not exhibit parental investment and therefore exhibit little, if any, parental aggression. Men demonstrate parental investment, and are typically more physically aggressive than women, but parental physical aggression in humans has been largely unexplored. The current study examined potential sex differences in estimates of parental physical aggression involving hypothetical situations, while controlling for general physical aggression. A self-report measure was administered to 217 students from a western U.S. university (55 male nonparents, 50 female nonparents, 54 fathers, and 58 mothers). Male nonparents reported higher parental physical aggression than female nonparents, but there was no difference between mothers and fathers. The results are interpreted in light of ancestral effects of sexual selection and proximal effects of sex differences in testosterone, risk taking, and fear aversion.
Tensions in communication— Teachers and academic facilitators in a critical friendship
Authors: Zimmerman Nilsson Marie-Helene , Wennergren Ann-Christine , Sjöberg Ulrika
Published: August 2016

This paper concerns the complex relationships between external facilitators and teachers in action research, as they work in a critical friendship to develop interaction in specific ways that open up rather than shut down communication and learning. The aim is to contribute with knowledge about interpersonal communication between academic facilitators and teachers in a development process where the teachers had a lack of influence in the initial phase of the project. The findings reveal that communication in a context of incompatible positions and professional distance did not lead to further communication, whereas communication in a context of confidence, mutual reliance, and challenge opened up possibilities for further dialogue. We identified three aspects affecting communication: absence of ownership of specific problems, trust without relationship, and courage before trust. Implication for the action research community is the importance of making strategies for critical friendship explicit. This assists for teachers to internalize the role.
Participatory commodity networking: An integrated framework for Fairtrade research and support
Authors: Keahey Jennifer , Raynolds Laura T , Kruger Sandra , du Toit Andries
Published: August 2016

This article discusses the potential for humanizing production and trade relations by extending action research to multilateral commodity networks. Participatory action research and Fairtrade certification both promote social justice, but the first faces difficulties in terms of scalability, while the second experiences challenges in terms of producer support. As conventional research has failed to deliver methods for improving services, we worked with small-scale farmers in South Africa’s rooibos tea industry to meet this gap. Responding to producer concerns regarding market and certification access, we conducted a participatory research, training, and networking program to establish a farmer leadership network within the rooibos industry. Despite the challenges involved in advancing participation in an arena marked by complex power relations, our work helped stakeholders establish trust, improve knowledge, and begin addressing issues. By incorporating commodity network analysis into action research methodology, our model facilitates both community and organizational development, offering a multilateral framework for collaborative inquiry.
“God Bless Texas. God Bless the NRA”
Authors: Pérez Michelle Salazar
Published: August 2016

The shooting at Sandy Hook elementary and other past and more recent acts of school violence involving guns in the United States have created considerable national dialogue about how we can prevent such horrific acts from happening in the future. In Texas, public conversation has ensued about the possibility of arming teachers, school staff, and administrators to “protect” and “defend” schools from similar attacks. Media discourses produced by the general public, right-wing political leaders, and organizations like the National Rifle Association (NRA) have been instrumental in advocating for teachers and other school personnel to become armed protectors. As such, in this article, I describe the context of the debate to arm Texas teachers as portrayed by newspaper outlets across the state while problematizing the dominant discourses they produce.
Illegible Black Death, Legible White Pain
Authors: Leonard David J.
Published: August 2016

Gun violence is a daily reality; mass shootings, from suburban enclaves to inner city parks, are commonplace. Yet, all violence, all death, all lives, and all gun shootings are not treated equal. This essay examines the ways that anti-Black racism and White privilege (White supremacy) infect discussions of gun violence. In examining a series of incidents, and the broader media/political discourse, this article concludes that race and space overdetermine who is afforded the rights of safety and security, and where violence is normalized, expected, and therefore nothing to worry about. Race, space, and class affect the legality and illegibility of gun violence.
Preparing Leaders While Neglecting Leadership
Authors: Lunsford Laura Gail , Brown Brandy A.
Published: August 2016

This study systematically examines collegiate leadership centers and their role in leader development. The findings extend research from the Multi-Institutional Study of Leadership by focusing on centers as the unit of analysis. Our mixed-method approach involved coding center websites and analyzing center director responses from an online survey. Results indicate a proliferation of leadership centers, especially at public universities, as well as a leader-centric philosophy that directs much leader development programs. The results from 69 leadership centers in the United States highlight a disconnect between research and practice, and an opportunity to advance leader development through greater use of evidence-based methods.