bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic evaluation of Safoof-e-Pattharphori with Sharbat Bazoori Motadil in patients of renal stone
Authors: Rehman Fazlur , Ansari Mohammad Shakeel , Hamiduddin
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Stone formation is one of the common urological disorders; the Unani system of medicine provides an immense treasure of single and compound formulations for the safe management of urolithiasis. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Unani medicine formulation Safoof-e-Pattharphori with Sharbat Bazoori Motadil in patients of Hasat-ul-Kulya (renal stone) as conservative treatment.

Materials and Methods:

This was a single-arm, open-labeled, pre and post without-control clinical trial entailing 30 diagnosed cases of Hasat-ul-Kulya (renal stone) up to 10 mm diagnosed by ultrasonography (USG), belonging to 18–65 years of age, either sex, and who had agreed to sign the informed consent form and follow up the protocol. The patients were exposed with Unani formulation, i.e., 5 g of Safoof-e-Pattharphori orally once daily with 50 ml of Sharbat Bazoori Motadil up to 45 days with three follow-ups. The assessments of subjective parameters were done at every 15th day of follow-up using an arbitrary scale. The assessments of objective parameters were carried out before and after the trial. The results were analyzed statistically using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Student’s paired t-test (two-tailed), and proportion test.

Results:

The subjective parameters like pain in the abdomen showed significant relief with P < 0.001. Objective parameters such as USG abdomen showed significant results (P < 0.001). The size of the stone showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001). No significant adverse changes were observed in safety parameters during and after the trial.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the Unani formulation Safoof-e-Pattharphori with Sharbat Bazoori Motadil is safe and effective in renal stone treatment.
Differentiating morphological features for look-alike medicinal crude drugs
Authors: Nagraj Suma , Wadud Abdul , Shamsi Shariq , Parveen Shaista
Published: June 2024

Background:

Differentiation of similar-looking crude drugs when observed separately may, sometimes, be perplexing. Simple manual-based differentiation methods may be helpful in such case at the initial prospect.

Materials and Methods:

This study aimed at adding some new parameters to the existing methods for the identification and differentiation of crude drugs. This study included similar-looking leaves, roots and seeds/fruits, which were examined by organoleptic, macroscopic, and microscopic characters along with certain add-on parameters such as measurement of length at different points, the shape of the notch of a leaf, the distance between parallel veins, the angle made by the upper and lower end of roots, and sliding microscopy of seeds.

Results:

The findings proved helpful in the differentiation of similar-looking drugs by additional parameters.

Conclusion:

Add-on parameters may be used for other similar-looking drugs.
Normal Diameters of Extraocular Muscles: A Nigerian Retrospective Study
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Abadom Gloria Ebele , Ikubor Joyce Ekeme , Achapu Lawrence Chijioke , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday
Published: June 2024

Background:

The thickness of extraocular muscles (EOMs) is important in the management of several conditions associated with EOM enlargement. This study determined the normative values of EOM diameters in adult patients seen at a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

The study measured the thickness of the EOMs and the interzygomatic line (IZL) on brain images of 300 patients with non-orbital conditions (150 computed tomography [CT] and 150 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) archived in the radiological database of Delta State University Hospital, Nigeria, after ethical clearance. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) was used to obtain descriptive statistics and further compare the variables based on gender, age groups and laterality. The association between parameters was tested using Pearson’s correlation test. A probability value of <5% was considered significant.

Results:

The thickest muscles were the medial rectus (0.42 ± 0.08 cm) and superior muscle group (0.42 ± 0.33 cm) on CT and the inferior rectus (0.40 ± 0.08 cm) on MRI. The diameters were symmetrical with sexual dimorphism in the superior muscle group on CT, medial and lateral recti on MRI and sum of all EOMs on both imaging groups (P < 0.05). The superior muscle group and the sum of all EOMs showed significant age group variations and a positive correlation with age. We noted a positive correlation between each EOM diameter and the sum of all EOMs besides the IZL (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study offers normative data regarding EOMs that radiologists and ophthalmologists can use to diagnose disease conditions that cause EOM enlargement and further assess their response to treatment.
Assessment of Knowledge of Legal Provisions on Organ Donation and Transplantation amongst Healthcare Workers in Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adejumo Oludamilola Adebola , Adejumo Oluseyi Ademola , Ojo Olalekan Ezekiel , Edeki Imuetinyan Rashida , Ojo Olubukola Ayoola , Madubuko Roli Cynthia
Published: June 2024

Background:

Advancements in the medical field have made organ transplantation an attractive treatment option for patients when indicated. Shortage of organs and commodification of organs are major challenges encountered in organ donation and transplantation. These could potentially breed unethical practices, if the process is not well regulated.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) on the legal provisions regulating organ donation and transplantation in Nigeria.

Methodology:

This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst physicians and nurses across Nigeria. Knowledge of legal provisions on organ donation and transplantation was assessed using a validated questionnaire that had 21 questions derived from the National Health Act. Each correctly answered question was given 1 point with a total obtainable score of 21 points. A score of ≥14 points was classified as good knowledge. P <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

A total of 836 physicians and nurses with a mean age of 37.61 ± 9.78 years participated in the study. Females and physicians constituted 53.3% and 62.9% of the respondents, respectively. The mean knowledge score of the respondents was 9.70 ± 2.91 points. Eighty-three (9.9%) respondents had a good knowledge score. There was a significantly higher proportion of male HCWs (P < 0.037) and older HCWs (P = 0.017) with good knowledge of legal provisions. On logistic regression, age was the only factor found to be associated with good knowledge of legal provision (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92; confidence interval: 1.33–11.59; P = 0.01).

Conclusion:

The overall knowledge of legal provisions on organ donation and transplant was very poor amongst HCWs in Nigeria. There is a need to educate them on these provisions to curb unethical practices.
Androgenetic Alopecia: A Review
Authors: Oiwoh Sebastine Oseghae , Enitan Ademola Olusegun , Adegbosin Olubola Titilope , Akinboro Adeolu Oladayo , Onayemi Emmanuel Olaniyi
Published: June 2024

This study reviewed the current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, quality-of-life assessment and recent trends in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Relevant articles on AGA from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline and Scopus from 1950 to 2024 were obtained and scrutinized.. Key search words included each term like ‘androgenetic alopecia’, ‘androgenic alopecia’, ‘pattern baldness’ and ‘pattern hair loss’ AND each term like ‘epidemiology’, ‘pathophysiology’, ‘genetics’, ‘hormones’, ‘micronutrient’, ‘stress and inflammation’, ‘growth factors’, ‘clinical features’, ‘staging’, ‘cardiovascular associations’, ‘diagnosis’ and ‘management’ were used in the search. AGA is a non-scarring hair loss that is exemplified by a progressive decline of hair follicles, or non-functional or dead hair follicles in the scalp in a defined pattern. It is the most common hair loss, more common in men but can also present in younger age as premature AGA. Hormones, genetics, micronutrient deficiency, microinflammation and stress have been implicated, while psychosocial distress and cutaneous correlate of cardiovascular diseases have become sources of relentless research. AGA is a patterned hair loss that is more prevalent in Men. It results from the interactions between hormonal, genetic and other factors which determine the extent of hair loss and associated disorders (psychosocial and cardiovascular). As results of more research become available, the extent of AGA, its comorbidities as well as the full spectrum of their manifestations will continue to be sources of health education and more holistic examination by dermatologists and patients.
Estimating Agricultural Irrigation Water Usage in Delaware, USA
Authors: Brinson Kevin , DeLiberty Tracy , Leathers Daniel
Published: June 2024

Irrigation is an important agricultural management practice and the second largest consumer of freshwater resources in Delaware. As more farmland is converted to irrigated agriculture, it is crucial that water resource managers be able to determine reasonable estimates of irrigation water usage in order to protect the resource. This study used a soil water balance approach to simulate irrigation for corn and soybeans in Delaware (USA). The simulations were divided into four scenarios to determine which irrigation management method best represents agricultural irrigation water usage in Delaware. Two scenarios utilized an evapotranspiration-based (ET-based) approach using meteorological data from the Delaware Environmental Observing System (DEOS) with a soil water availability threshold to determine when and how much to irrigate. A second set of scenarios used a calendar-based approach and a rain gauge trigger to simulate irrigation. Analyses were performed to examine the seasonal and spatial variability of irrigation in Delaware and to compare simulated irrigation data to reported water use data provided by the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control’s Water Allocation Permit program. Seasonal irrigation varied due to environmental as well as irrigation decision making factors. Spatially, irrigation varied primarily as a result of the soil water holding properties. The ET-based scenario with a fixed amount of irrigation had the best agreement with the reported irrigated water use data. This study demonstrated the utility of high-resolution, environmental data with a soil water balance approach to improve estimates of irrigated water usage at the state and regional scale.
THE MANY FACES OF CYTOFLAVIN
Authors: Строков И.А.
Published: June 2024

Цитофлавин – комплексный препарат, представляющий собой субстратную композицию из двух метаболитов – янтарной кислоты и рибоксина (инозина), и двух коферментов – рибофлавина (витамин В2) и никотинамида (витамин РР). Цитофлавин обладает антиоксидантным, антигипоксантным и энергообразующим действием. В статье приведен обзор клинических исследований, результаты которых подтверждают высокую эффективность препарата при назначении в комплексной терапии острых нарушений и хронических расстройств мозгового кровообращения, диабетической полиневропатии и синдрома диабетической стопы, а также при постковидном синдроме.

Cytoflavin is a complex drug, which is a substrate composition of two metabolites – succinic acid and riboxin (inosine), and two coenzymes – riboflavin (vitamin B2) and nicotinamide (vitamin PP). Cytoflavin has antioxidant, antihypoxic and energy-producing effects. The article provides an overview of clinical studies, the results of which confirm the high effectiveness of the drug when prescribed in the complex therapy of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders, diabetic polyneuropathy and diabetic foot syndrome, as well as post-Covid syndrome.
UROLITHIASIS AND OBESITY
Authors: Руденко В.И. , Юмашева В.А. , Фадеев В.В. , Берковская М.А. , Лавриненко А.Н.
Published: June 2024

Мочекаменная болезнь (МКБ) – системное заболевание, одним из основных факторов риска которого является метаболический синдром (МС). Обязательным диагностическим критерием МС служит абдоминальное (висцеральное) ожирение. Согласно данным исследований, наблюдается прямая зависимость между ожирением и кальциевым уролитиазом, а также между ожирением и уратным уролитиазом. Наиболее изученными триггерами развития МКБ у пациентов с ожирением являются инсулинорезистентность, повышенный уровень свободных жирных кислот в плазме крови и непосредственно висцеральное ожирение. Однако на сегодняшний день многие звенья патогенеза МКБ у пациентов с ожирением остаются недостаточно изученными, в связи с чем разработка стандартизированного диагностического спектра для оценки вероятности возникновения МКБ у пациентов с ожирением затруднена. В обзоре обобщены имеющиеся в научной литературе данные о механизмах развития МКБ у пациентов с ожирением, а также проанализированы применяемые разными авторами методы диагностики МКБ у данной категории пациентов.

Urolithiasis is a systemic disorder. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a risk factor for urolithiasis. The obligatory diagnostic criterion for MS is visceral obesity. According to many studies, there is a positive correlation between obesity and calcium urolithiasis and between obesity and urate urolithiasis. This can be due to insulin resistance, high plasma levels of free fatty acids and visceral obesity in such patients. However, to date, not all links in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in obese patients have been studied. Therefore, the development of a standardized diagnostic system aimed to identify the likelihood of urolithiasis in such patients is still impossible. In this review, we summarized the data on the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in obese patients and analyzed methods used to diagnose urolithiasis in such patients.
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRECTION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
Authors: Мавлянова З.Ф. , Бутко Д.Ю.
Published: June 2024

Оценка питания и диетические вмешательства у детей с детским церебральным параличом (ДЦП) должны стать частью всестороннего ухода и реабилитации, целью которых является не только увеличение веса и линейного роста, но и улучше- ние функциональных и физиологических возможностей организма. Представлены результаты исследования, в котором изучалось влияние коррекции нутритивного статуса на показатели функционального состояния у детей с церебральным параличом. Показано, что на фоне нутритивной поддержки у детей с ДЦП наблюдается более выраженная положительная динамика (улучшение общей двигательной функции, снижение спастичности, увеличение степени социально-бытовой адаптации) в сравнении с детьми, прошедшими комплексную реабилитацию без нутритивной коррекции.

Nutritional assessment and dietary interventions for children with cerebral palsy should be part of comprehensive care and rehabilitation that aims not only to increase weight and linear growth, but also to improve functional and physiological capabilities. The results of a study that examined the effect of nutritional status correction on indicators of functional status in children with cerebral palsy are presented. It has been shown that, against the background of nutritional support, children with cerebral palsy have more pronounced positive dynamics (improved general motor function, decreased spasticity, increased degree of social and everyday adaptation) in comparison with children who have undergone comprehensive rehabilitation without nutritional correction.
Application of Membrane Separation Technology in Electroplating Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery: A Review
Authors: Zhang Le , Chen Ying , Zhang Huan , Jin Yabin , Shen Zhe , Duan Gending
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of industry has led to the generation of a large amount of electroplating wastewater. The direct discharge of untreated electroplating wastewater may lead to the formation of toxic metal-organic complexes, which is a challenging problem for human health and the living environment of organisms. Due to the high solubility of heavy metals in aquatic environments and their easy absorption by organisms, effective treatment of electroplating wastewater is of great significance. The ultimate goal of electroplating wastewater treatment should be to recover metals and water from electroplating wastewater. In indoor experiments, pilot tests, and industrial applications of electroplating wastewater treatment, membrane treatment technology commonly used in wastewater terminal treatment has attracted great attention. Membrane treatment technology seems to be the most promising method for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants from electroplating wastewater. This article reviews the membrane treatment technologies for electroplating wastewater, introduces the advantages and disadvantages of various membranes in the treatment of electroplating wastewater, the removal efficiency of pollutant types, and their comparison. The focus is on the treatment effects of nano-filtration membrane, ultra-filtration membrane, micro-filtration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane, ceramic membrane, biofilm, etc., on electroplating wastewater. Compared with a single treatment method, the combination of different processes shows higher efficiency in removing various pollutants.
Sustainable Water Conservation and Management Practices: A Perception Survey of the Farmers of Haryana, India
Authors: Kohli Manika , Grover Vinakshi
Published: June 2024

In order to ensure water sustainability, alarming levels of water scarcity across the globe is a critical issue warranting urgent address. The present study aims to bring to light the perception of farmers regarding water conservation and management practices from the selected five districts of the Haryana region of India. By analyzing the responses of 125 farmers, collected through a self-administered questionnaire, the impact of socio-demographic factors, current irrigation system, and cost-benefit perception of the farmers was studied on water conservation and management practices. Using ordinal regression analysis, the study revealed that the cost-benefit perception of the farmers, viz. willingness to pay an additional price for canal water and an increase in the availability of water due to canal lining, are the major factors responsible for undertaking conservation and sustainability measures. Further, socio-demographic variables such as age and education also influence water conservation behavior. The study recommends vital policy reforms and initiatives for efficient water use and management to resolve the grave concern of scarcity of usable water. The present study is unique in its suggestion of a comprehensive water conservation and management framework.
Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidizing Microbiome in Biogas-Stream Fed Biofilter in Palm Oil Factory
Authors: Boonyawanich Siriorn , Prommeenate Peerada , Oaew Sukunya , Pisutpaisal Nipon , Haosagul Saowaluck
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is highly corrosive to electric generators, which is the main problem of biogas utilization. The industrial scale of the biofilter system relies on the performance of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) via the activity of sulfur oxidation (soxABXYZ) and flavocytochrome sulfide dehydrogenase (fccAB) enzymes to reduce to a concentration below 100 ppm before using in industrial machinery. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the SOB community in full-scale H2S removal and their gene expression (fccAB and soxABXYZ) associated with H2S elimination efficiency. In this study, SOB communities were obtained from 2 sampling sites of the full-scale biofilter of palm oil factory (PPG), comprising starting sludge (PPG1) and recirculating sludge (PPG2). The abundance of SOB strains was examined by next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS) based on the 16S rRNA gene. The changes in the expression of genes involved in sulfur oxidation, namely soxABXYZ, and fccAB, between the 2 sampling sites were evaluated by using a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray. The results indicate that the high abundance of SOB genera that could play a vital role in biofilters belonged mainly to Sulfurovum, Paracoccus, Acidihalobacter, Acidithiobacillus, Thioalkalispira, Thiofaba, Caldisericum, Bacillus, were rapidly increased in the biofilter tank. Interestingly, expressions of soxAXYZ gene cluster at PPG2 were increased in Paracoccus pantotrophus J40 and Paracoccus alkenifer DSM 11593 for 1.1188 and 1.0518-fold, respectively, while in Acidihalobacter prosperus F5, the expression of fccAB genes was up to 1.3704 fold in comparison with PPG1. Increasing both relative abundance and gene expressions at PPG2 were correlated with 95% H2S removal efficiency. Hence, stabilization of the SOB microbiome is vital to H2S removal in industrial-scale biogas applications.
Study on the Technology of Ultrasonic, Chemical and Mechanical Combined Treatment of Oilfield Aging Oil
Authors: Zhang Le , Hu Jin , Yan Longlong , Chen Si , Jin Yabin , Zhang Huan , Shen Zhe , Yu Tao
Published: June 2024

Aging oil is a common pollutant in petrochemical enterprises due to its severe emulsification and flocculation, poor settling performance, low oil recovery rate, and high difficulty in treatment. This article adopts the method of mechanical, ultrasonic, and chemical coupling demulsification to treat aging oil, with the water content and oil recovery rate of the treated aging oil as the inspection indicators. The experiment shows that when the oil-water ratio is 1:4, the heating temperature is 50℃, the stirring speed is 180rpm, the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, the power is 40W, the ultrasonic time is 25min, and the pH is adjusted to 3-4. The additional amount of FeSO4 is 160mg/L, the additional amount of H2O2 is 0.11%, and the heating stirring reaction is 40min. When the dosage of cationic PAM with an ion degree of 50 is 35mg/L, the centrifugation speed is 3200rpm. The centrifugation time is 20 min, the crude oil recovery rate after aging oil treatment can reach over 94.6%, and the water content of the treated crude oil is less than 0.5%, meeting the standards for crude oil gathering and transportation in China. The oil content in the water generated after aging oil treatment is about 150 mg.L-1, the suspended solids content is 200 mg.L-1, the oil content in the residue is 6%, and the water content is 53%. By analyzing the appearance of aging oil before and after treatment, it was found that when using this process to treat aging oil, the original spatial cross-linking network structure of the aging oil was broken, allowing the water droplets wrapped in the oil to be released, thereby significantly reducing the water content in the recovered oil and improving the oil recovery rate.
Invasive Aquatic Plants as Potential Sustainable Feedstocks for Biochar Production and as an Innovative Approach for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Jayathilake K. M. P. I. , Manage P.M. , Idroos F. S
Published: June 2024

Biochar (BC) is a well-established physical treatment method. The high-cost BC limits their use as adsorbents in wastewater. Thus, deriving BC from cheap and locally available waste materials is needed to develop a feasible waste removal technology. Nowadays, BC technology makes it possible to envision a new strategy to manage invasive plants by converting them into value-added products like BC. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential utilization of BC as an efficient filter medium made by invasive aquatic plants, Salvinia spp., and Eichhornia spp. A mass of 50 g of prepared activated and nonactivated BC was incorporated in a sand and gravel filter to treat rubber-manufactured wastewater. Wastewater was passed through the filter, and both raw and treated water samples were analyzed for pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammoniacal-Nitrogen (NH3-N), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Phosphates (TP), Nitrate (NO3-N), turbidity and heavy metals (Zinc, Chromium). The control filter was developed only with sand and gravel, excluding BC. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze BC’s chemical and physical characteristics. A brine shrimp lethality assay was carried out for toxicological evaluation. OH stretching (3,550-3,200 cm−1), C=C aromatic stretching (1400-1660 cm−1), and Phenol-O-H bending (1,300-1,400 cm−1) were recorded in all BC samples that involved the adsorption mechanism. Observed images indicated differences in surface morphology of both activated and nonactivated BC were observed under SEM observation. The study concludes that the filter unit incorporated with activated Eichhornia spp. Gave the best treatment efficiency when compared to filter units incorporated with other activated and nonactivated BC. The toxicity assay revealed 100% mortality in the control setup and raw wastewater but only 60–70% in the nonactivated BC integrated filters. Activated BC-incorporated filters showed no mortalities. Hence, the study’s outcomes suggest a green approach using invasive aquatic plants for sustainable wastewater treatment.
Experimental Analysis of Anaerobic Co-digestion: Potential of Fruit Wastes
Authors: Sathish S. , Saravanan A. , Suresh R. , Saranya K. , Sarweswaran R. , Balaji G. , Seralathan S.
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on converting fruit waste into usable clean energy by an innovative, cost-effective anaerobic biodigester. The biodigester is designed to anaerobically digest various fruit wastes and starter inoculums of cow dung that are locally obtained. A batch vertical digester of 1000 liters capacity built of fiber with a phonematic agitator positioned in the center is used to improve mixing. The retention time is 30 days with a substrate of banana peels co-digested with mango and papaya peels individually in the ratio of 50:50. The combined wastes generated the biogas and the total quantity of biogas generated for all combined wastes over 21 days varies between 530L/day and 480L/day respectively. In this work, banana and mango peel (waste/water) split 50:50 gives a peak yield of 530L/day. The average ambient temperatures are kept in the range of 25°C to 35°C (i.e., mesophilic range). The pH range of 6.4 to 7.8 is consistently maintained and seems to be stable. Therefore, this proposed anaerobic digester would reduce the disposal of solid waste, and it is cost-effective. After cleaning, it is observed that the combined peels of bananas and papaya contained 91.95% of the estimated biogas and methane, which can be used to solve energy issues such as electricity production and cooking purposes.
A Comparative Review on Bisphenol A Sources, Environmental Levels, Migration, and Health Impacts in India and Global Context
Authors: Datta Sugata , Chauhan Abhishek , Ranjan Anuj , Sardar Abul Hasan , Tuli Hardeep Singh , Ramniwas Seema , Shahwan Moyad , Sharma Ujjawal , Jindal Tanu
Published: June 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely utilized chemical found in numerous everyday products, including plastic containers, food packaging, and thermal paper. Research has linked BPA exposure to a range of health concerns, encompassing developmental and reproductive issues, cancer, and obesity. Given India's status as one of the world's largest producers and consumers of plastic goods, understanding the potential risks associated with BPA exposure and its health impacts on the Indian population is of paramount importance. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of BPA sources, environmental levels, migration, and health impacts in India in comparison to other countries. By examining data from various nations, we aim to discern overarching trends and patterns in BPA exposure and its associated health effects. This analysis serves as a foundation for the development of policies and regulations designed to safeguard public health. While the Indian government has taken some regulatory steps, such as banning the production, import, and sale of BPA-containing polycarbonate baby bottles, there is a notable absence of specific regulations or bans on BPA in other food-contact materials (FCMs). Studies conducted in India have detected BPA in various food items, underscoring the potential risk of BPA exposure through food consumption. This emphasizes the urgent need for effective monitoring and control of BPA migration in FCMs within India. In conclusion, this comparative review underscores the imperative for ongoing research and rigorous monitoring of BPA exposure and its health impacts in India, as well as in other nations. Safeguarding the health of the general public necessitates a comprehensive understanding of BPA's prevalence, sources, and consequences. By implementing and refining regulations, such as extending bans on BPA in additional FCMs, policymakers can work towards mitigating the risks associated with BPA exposure and ensuring the safety of populations worldwide.
Underlying Anthropogenic Driving Factors of Forest Landscape Degradation in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania Using Survey-based Data
Authors: Enoguanbhor E. A. , Chukwurah G.O. , Enoguanbhor E. C. , Isimah M.O. , Kosun A. E. O. , Ewurum N. I. , Albrecht Eike
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the underlying anthropogenic driving factors of forest landscape degradation in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Sites (WHS), Tanzania using survey-based data. The essence is to support strategic policies for forest landscape protection and natural heritage sustainability. The research employed empirical data using mixed questionnaires of experts and residents to identify various indirect anthropogenic driving factors of forest degradation, analyze rural poverty and causal mechanisms as indirect anthropogenic drivers of forest degradation, and evaluate the level of awareness and community involvement in forest protection. ArcGIS was used to generate the Maps. About 140 sample sizes were utilized for this study. Using purposive and simple random techniques, about 46 and 100 mixed questionnaires were distributed to experts in forest guard and residents, respectively. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative techniques. Findings showed that indirect factors of forest degradation include high tourism demand, poverty, culture and tradition of local communities, lack of forest protection and conservation education, and insufficient land availability. Also, findings showed that rural poverty as an indirect anthropogenic driving factor of forest degradation is attributed to unemployment in rural areas, inadequate land for agriculture, and insufficient productive forestry availability. Additionally, this study revealed that residents are aware that the forest is under the government’s protection, and most people in local communities are not involved in activities for forest protection. Therefore, the study suggests that the locals should be involved in the activities that promote forest protection for effective control and management. Alternative heating methods should also be explored to reduce much pressure on the available forest to improve the natural heritage sustainability of natural WHS found in Sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the Global South.
Optimization of Aviation Biofuel Development as Sustainable Energy Through Simulation of System Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Nuryadin Didi , Nurcholis Mohammad , Rahmanda Gita Astyka , Pratama Indra Wahyu
Published: June 2024

This study aims to optimize the development of aviation biofuel as a sustainable energy source by simulating system dynamics modeling. This study is based on the System Dynamics modeling approach, which is a set of conceptual tools designed to understand the structure and dynamics of complex systems. This study used the system dynamics method specifically designed to analyze complex systems. It has been applied to various sustainability-related issues, including urban area sustainable development modeling, sustainability of water resources, environmental management, and sustainable urbanization. The result obtained using the quantitative modeling showed that the contribution of aviation biofuel to flight intensity in Indonesia is still insignificant. The practical implications of this study are that palm oil has the potential to be a viable raw material for aviation biofuel production in Indonesia, and implementing policies to mitigate negative consequences and optimize land use for aviation biofuel fuel production can contribute to sustainable urban development. The originality of this study lies in its use of System Dynamics modeling to analyze the potential of palm oil as a raw material for aviation biofuel production and identify the various social, economic, environmental, and technological factors that impact it.
Presence of Heavy Metals in Purple Crab (Platyxanthus orbignyi) Tissues in Southern Peru
Authors: Ramos-Tejeda José L. , Valeriano-Zapana José A. , Rojas-Briceño Nilton B.
Published: June 2024

Heavy metals (iron, copper, and zinc) were quantified in purple crab (Platyxanthus orbignyi) tissues collected in winter (September 2021), spring (November 2021), and summer (March 2022) at three beaches (Tres Hermanas, Fundición, and El Diablo) in Ilo Harbour (Moquegua), South Peru. The rank order of heavy metal concentrations in purple crab tissues and sediments was similar; iron (Fe) was followed by Copper (Cu), and this last one was followed by Zinc (Zn). The heavy metal concentrations in tissue crabs from the three beaches differed from each other spatially and seasonally. In addition, Fundición Beach was the zone with the highest concentration of those three metals during the summer.
The Passive Environmental Effect of the Fungicide Benomyl on Soil Promoting Bacteria and Concentration of Some Important Soil Elements
Authors: Abbas Zaid Raad , Al-Ezee Aqeel Mohammed Majeed , Authman Sawsan Hassan , Shafeeq Maan Abdul Azeez
Published: June 2024

Loam examples were gathered through the 2020-2021 rising periods, and the following measurements were made: Viable bacterial count by reducing root colonization. The outcomes of reviewing the impact of the fungicide Benomyl on development and viable microflora count revealed that the highest microbial count was in Al-Madaein 80 ×103 CFU/mL was recorded ., and the lowest count was 60 ×103 CFU/mL for the Aushtar area, The microbial viable count values for the affected microorganisms with Benomyl were decrease to 27×103 and 65 × 103 CFU/mL respectively. Those consequences specify that Benomyl has a robust choosiness contrary to microflora, especially when compared to the benomyl effect as folded dose, the microflora l count decreases to 25 ×103 CFU /mL in the Aushtar area and increases to 60 ×103 CFU/mL in Al-Madaein area. Whereas the study estimated the level of eight elements in soil (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, NO3, P, K, and NH4) cultured with Cyperus rotundus L. Which mentioned the effect of benomyl on these levels after three days of treatment. Mn concentration ranged between 5.96 to 9.11 ppm, while after fungicide benomyl, it decreased to 5.63 -6.53 ppm similar results were observed for other elements. The highest affected element was Mn in the Aushtar area. Those consequences designate that Benomyl has a stout fussiness in contrast to soil nutrients. The greatness of benomyl impacts on loam ingredients and procedures were minor, qualified to impact on mycorrhizal root foundation (reduction through benomyl).
Intuition, Rebellion and Tradition
Authors: Papenfuss Maria
Published: June 2024

Neopagans in Mexico City started to communitise only about 20 years ago. An initial analysis of related interview material shows that the narratives they develop about their first contact with neopagan content and their access to the field are framed as a conversion-like process, often connoted as a home-coming or a rebellion against predominant Catholicism. Both narratives are usually mixed with a notion of intuition that led to their further involvement in neopagan groups. Nevertheless, Mexican “folk magic” and vernacular healing traditions, Afro-American religions, and the flourishing esoteric scene in the Mexican capital are already offering links to beliefs and practices that are common in neopaganism, like ritualised ways to interact with transcendent entities, magic, and ideas of an “otherworld”.
This raises various questions related to the underlying dynamics, in brief: how do heterogeneous sociohistorical situations influence emerging religious fields like the neopagan one in the Mexican capital, and how do these interactions shape personal religious transformation processes in the wider context of glocalisation, transcultural dynamics, digitalisation and the diversification of the religious field overall? In the light of Adler’s (1979) influential concept of home-coming and Luhrmann’s (1989) theory of the interpretative drift, it remains clear that becoming neopagan is rarely understood as a conversion, and therefore the two contested theoretical approaches are discussed critically and in relation to conversion. Using a grounded theory approach and thus emphasising the emic perspectives of my interviewees, I show how they construct their first encounter narratives and frame them as intuition, rebellion, or tradition, considering the underpinning sociocultural circumstances.
Automated Detection and Classification of Retinal Lesions Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Krishna Y. Rama , Jahnavi A. , Devi B. , Eswar A. , Snehika A.
Published: June 2024

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a diabetic eye disease, manifests as damage to the retina due to blood leakage leading to the development of Red Lesions (Microaneurysms and Hemorrhages) and Bright Lesions (Hard Exudates and Cotton Wool Spots). Chronic, uncontrolled diabetes is the primary cause, with delayed treatment potentially resulting in complete blindness. DR is clinically categorized into four stages: No DR, Mild DR, Moderate DR, and Severe DR. Manual detection of DR by ophthalmologists is time-consuming, causing prolonged suffering for patients. To address this, our research leverages advanced technological tools like MATLAB to automate lesion extraction and feature analysis. By quantifying parameters such as lesion number, area, perimeter, and solidity, our model aims to categorize categories accurately. Specifically, we focus on utilizing the area covered by lesions to determine the disease stage, providing valuable insights into disease progression. Our approach accelerates detection and enhances accuracy, potentially improving patient outcomes. By automating lesion extraction and analysis, our system reduces the burden on ophthalmologists, allowing for a more efficient allocation of healthcare resources. This research contributes to the field by offering a robust method for DR assessment, facilitating early intervention and treatment.
A Educação Física no cenário pós-COVID-19. Uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Dias Júnior Paulo Roberto da Silva , Silva Vanderson Costa da , Cunha Leonardo Pereira da , Ferreira Filho Deodato Alves , Fontes Ibérico Alves , Souza Anderson da Silva
Published: June 2024

A inatividade física somada ao distanciamento social imposto pela COVID-19 trouxe mudanças de comportamento na população brasileira que já vivenciava graves índices de sedentarismo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a importância da Educação Física no contexto atual para o condicionamento do corpo e a manutenção da saúde física e mental no cenário pós-COVID-19. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura por meio de busca ativa de artigos indexados nas bases de dados SciELO e Google Acadêmico durante os meses de março e abril de 2023. O presente estudo teve como questão norteadora: Qual a importância da Educação Física no Cenário pós-COVID-19? Com o presente estudo pode-se comprovar que os níveis de atividade física diminuíram durante a pandemia, agravando a saúde de uma maneira geral e aumentando o grupo de risco. Diante disso conclui-se que o profissional de Educação Física apresenta um papel fundamental na busca por melhora deste cenário, tanto em âmbito pessoal, com a modernização e qualificação na prestação de serviço, quanto no âmbito social, pressionando os órgãos públicos a criarem e conservarem espaços destinados a prática de atividade física.
Bem-estar, ocorrência de lesões e aspectos ambientais entre praticantes de jiu-jitsu
Authors: Arruda Gustavo Henrique de Oliveira , Lima Juliano Luiz de , Gasparotto Guilherme da Silva , Cunha Natalia Veronez da
Published: June 2024

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o bem-estar subjetivo de atletas de Jiu-Jitsu, bem como a ocorrência de lesões. Participaram da pesquisa 310 atletas de Jiu-Jitsu de diferentes academias da Serra Catarinense. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos com os participantes: um para conhecimento do perfil sociodemográfico e lesões e a escala e bem-estar subjetivo. Observou-se a ocorrência de lesões em 31,8% dos atletas, sendo as regiões anatômicas mais acometidas o joelho (12,5%), o cotovelo (5,5%) e o ombro (4,5%). 22,6% das lesões ocorreram quando o atleta recebeu um golpe. A maior parte das lesões não levou os atletas ao afastamento da prática da modalidade (18,4%), ocorrendo mais durante o treinamento (32,9%). Os atletas demonstraram uma boa avaliação do bem-estar, com destaque para os afetos positivos (3,67±0,53). Este estudo contribuiu para a caracterização dos atletas e das lesões decorrentes do Jiu-Jitsu e das causas que as determinam, bem como reafirmar a relação da prática esportiva com elevado nível de satisfação com a vida. Conhecer o perfil dos atletas, bem como sua percepção de bem-estar, permite conscientizar lutadores e equipe técnica quanto aos riscos nessa prática, possibilitando, assim, reduzir a ocorrência e severidade das lesões.
Debates sobre critérios de avaliação na categoria Men's Physique da IFBB e NPC
Authors: Machado Eduardo Pinto , Martins de Castro Amanda
Published: June 2024

Este estudo se propôs a problematizar os procedimentos avaliativos realizados pelas instituições de fisiculturismo (IFBB e NPC) no que se refere à avaliação das poses dos atletas na categoria Men's Physique, lançando luz sobre os fatores que orientam a decisão de um atleta ao escolher competir em uma federação em detrimento da outra. Utilizando uma abordagem baseada em análise documental e ancorada em um relato de experiência, este trabalho não apenas contribuiu para uma compreensão mais profunda das nuances do fisiculturismo competitivo, mas também ofereceu insights práticos e relevantes para atletas, treinadores e aficionados do esporte. Como horizonte futuro, sugere-se a expansão desta pesquisa para contemplar outras categorias do fisiculturismo, bem como a exploração de esportes que enfrentam desafios similares devido à divisão entre diferentes federações esportivas.
The impact of Digital Platforms on English Learning in Ecuadorian Public Primary Schools
Authors: Gavilanes Cuesta Maria Eugenia , Naranjo Andrade Shalene Silvana
Published: June 2024

Learning English as a second language has always been key worldwide because it is a means of communication and connection with other cultures and nationalities, hence its importance of starting to learn it from an early age. This literature review allows us to scientifically justify the topic presented and highlights the use of digital platforms as a methodological and pedagogical mediator in the acquisition of English as a second language in children ranging from 6 to 12 years of age. Therefore, the effectiveness of technological integration in the sector of public education has the potential to offer students interactive and engaging opportunities that encourage meaningful learning of English while promoting language skills through active participation and motivation as a result. However, the socio-economic factor and the lack of technological resources in public schools and families make a difference in the education and learning of this language, which is why state support is essential, as well as the professional development and constant training of teachers in the use of virtual platforms such as Microsoft Teams, Google Meet and Zoom among others but also new technologies for success in the acquisition of the English language.
Analyzing Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics Using Geospatial Approaches: A Case Study of District Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Ihtisham , Ahmed Osama , Ahmad Yar Shayan
Published: June 2024

The present study focuses on the city of Lahore due to the substantial impacts of LULC on land-atmosphereclimatic interactions. This study aims to find and interpret the variations in land use patterns in Lahore during 20 years(2003, 2013, and 2023) with a ten-year interval. For in-depth analysis, four different classes- built-up, barren land,vegetation, and water bodies were determined. Several pre- and post-processing procedures were carefully carried outto improve the accuracy of the results after Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 2 satellite imageries had been utilized.The methodology included supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm along with changedetection to evaluate and interpret the LULC alterations. The extent of change is demonstrated by quantitative datashowing that the built-up area increased from 308.6491261 sq. km in 2003 to 336.9702759 sq. km in 2023. On theother hand, there was a drop of 1099.13587 sq. km in barren land and a decrease of 10.47416794 sq. km in waterbodies. Despite a notable rise between 2003 and 2013, vegetation cover decreased by 328.4721624 sq. km by 2023.This study offers important insights for sustainable urban development and land management policy in addition tofurthering our understanding of the dynamics of land use and land cover in Lahore
Comparative Analytic Autoethnography: Situating The Doctoral Journey and The Hero’s Journey
Authors: Taylor Wayne
Published: June 2024

This analytical autoethnography offers a comprehensive and insightful exploration of the researcher's academic odyssey by drawing parallels between their personal experiences and Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey archetype. Adopting Anderson's analytical autoethnographic approach, the researcher assumed the role of a complete member of the Doctor of Education (EdD) program, engaging in analytical reflexivity to develop a theoretical understanding of their academic journey. Through systematic data collection and introspective analysis, the study uncovers thematic threads and arcs of growth that resonate with the monomythic narrative archetype. The research incorporates a comparative examination with Campbell's Hero's Journey, providing a structured framework for organizing and analyzing the autoethnographic data. This framework reveals potential connections and emergent themes throughout the doctoral pursuit. Concurrent data analysis involving reflective journals, coursework materials, social media dialogues, and communications with cohort members allows for a comprehensive exploration of the researcher's personal experiences. The analytical layered-account autoethnographic data analysis illuminates the relationship between the researcher's academic journey and the theoretical framework, elucidating the significance and relevance of their experiences within the broader context of the monomythic narrative archetype. As a result, the autoethnographic account provides a comprehensive and thought-provoking narrative of the researcher's transformative doctoral odyssey.