bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of colchicine on albumin glycation and cellular oxidative stress: Insights into diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Thakur Muskan Rajkumar , Tupe Rashmi Santosh
Published: February 2024

The present work elucidates the role of colchicine (COL) on albumin glycation and cellular oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Human serum albumin (HSA) was glycated with methylglyoxal in the presence of COL (2.5, 3.75, and 5 µM), whereas positive and negative control samples were maintained separately. The effects of COL on HSA glycation, structural and functional modifications in glycated HSA were analyzed using different spectroscopical and fluorescence techniques. Increased fructosamine, carbonyl, and pentosidine formation in glycated HSA samples were inhibited in the presence of COL. Structural conformation of HSA and glycated HSA samples was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, where COL maintained both secondary and tertiary structures of HSA against glycation. Functional marker assays included ABTS•+ radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, advanced oxidative protein product formation, and turbidimetry, which showed preserved functional properties of glycated HSA in COL‐containing samples. Afterward, rat cardiomyoblast (H9c2 cell line) was treated with glycated HSA–COL complex (400 μg/mL) for examining various cellular antioxidants (nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) and detoxification enzymes (aldose reductase, glyoxalase I, and II) levels. All three concentrations of COL exhibited effective anti‐glycation properties, enhanced cellular antioxidant levels, and detoxification enzyme activities. The report comprehensively analyzes the potential anti‐glycation and properties of COL during its initial assessment.
Partition of ordered triples into uniform holey ordered designs
Authors: Tan Yuli , Zhou Junling
Published: February 2024

A large set is a partition of all ordered triples of a ‐set into disjoint ordered designs of order . In this paper, we generalize the large set with to the notion of , representing a partition of all ordered triples of a ‐set into disjoint uniform holely ordered designs s. We show that a exists if and only if and , except for . Moreover, we study the existence of a with every member having a kind of resolution. We show that a resolvable exists if and only if , , , with 27 possible exceptions. For almost resolvable s, we prove the asymptotic existence and present a few infinite families.
m6A‐induced TRIB3 regulates Hippo pathway through interacting with LATS1 to promote the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wu Jiamei , Yi Tingzhuang , Zhuo Chenyi , Wang Duanduan , Zhang Ming , Hu Rui , Wu Dan , Hou Guoxin , Xing Yutong
Published: February 2024

Recent studies have indicated that dysregulation of the Hippo/Yes‐associated protein (YAP) axis is associated with tumor progression and therapy resistance in various cancer types, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Understanding the regulation of Hippo signaling in LUAD is of great significance. Elevated levels of TRIB3, a pseudo kinase, have been observed in certain lung malignancies and are associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Our research aims to investigate whether increased TRIB3 levels enhance the malignant characteristics of LUAD cells and tumor progression through its interaction with the Hippo signaling pathway. In this study, we reported a positive correlation between elevated expression of TRIB3 and LUAD progression. Additionally, TRIB3 has the ability to enhance TEAD luciferase function and suppress Hippo pathway activity. Moreover, TRIB3 increases total YAP protein levels and promotes YAP nuclear localization. Mechanistic experiments revealed that TRIB3 directly interacts with large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), thereby suppressing Hippo signaling. Moreover, the decrease in METTL3‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine modification of TRIB3 results in a substantial elevation of its expression levels in LUAD cells. Collectively, our research unveils a novel discovery that TRIB3 enhances the growth and invasion of LUAD cells by interacting with LATS1 and inhibiting the Hippo signaling pathway. TRIB3 may serve as a potential biomarker for an unfavorable prognosis and a target for novel treatments in YAP‐driven lung cancer.
Automated radiosynthesis of mGluR5 PET tracer [18F]FPEB from aryl‐chloro precursor and validation for clinical application
Authors: Jahan Mahabuba , Amir Arsalan , Das Arindam , Kihlström Jacob , Nag Sangram
Published: February 2024

The radioligand [18F]FPEB, used for PET imaging of the brain's metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5), undergoes a thorough validation process to ensure its safety, efficacy, and quality for clinical use. The process starts by optimizing the synthesis of [18F]FPEB to achieve high radiochemical yield and purity. This study focuses on optimizing the radiolabeling process using an aryl‐chloro precursor and validating the GMP production for clinical applications. Fully automated radiolabeling was achieved via one‐step nucleophilic substitution reaction. [18F]FPEB was produced and isolated in high radioactivity and radiochemical purity. Throughout the validation process, thorough quality control measures are implemented. Radiopharmaceutical batch release criteria are established, including testing for physical appearance, filter integrity, pH, radiochemical purity, molar activity, radiochemical identity, chemical impurity, structural identity, stability, residual solvent, sterility, and endotoxin levels. In conclusion, the validation of [18F]FPEB involved a comprehensive process of synthesis optimization, quality control, which ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of [18F]FPEB, enabling its reliable use in clinical PET. Here, we successfully radiolabeled and validated [18F]FPEB using aryl‐chloro precursor according to GMP production for clinical application.
Extrusion modification of prolamins from distiller's grains to facilitate the construction of biopolymer films
Authors: Liu Yao , Yuan Ruoyun , Jiang Lijun , Qi Mingming , Li Hongjun , Chen Shanfeng , Ma Chengye , Wang Chenjie
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Distiller's grains (DGs), which are rich in natural ingredients such as prolamins, are often used as low‐value feed or discarded directly, resulting in great environmental pollution and resource waste. Prolamins from DGs (PDGs) were found to be a potential material for the construction of biopolymer films due to their good film‐forming properties. In this study, extrusion processing was conducted to modify the physicochemical and structural properties of PDGs to facilitate the construction of biopolymer films with superior characteristics.

RESULTS

Results indicated that extrusion led to improved solubility (17.91% to 39.95%) and increased disulfide bonds (1.46 to 6.13 μmol g−1) in PDGs. The total and sulfur amino acid contents of extruded PDGs were increased by 13.26% and 38.83%, respectively. New aggregation patterns were formed after extrusion according to the results of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Extrusion resulted in reduced surface hydrophobicity of PDGs (10 972 to 3632), sufficient evidence for which could be also found from structure analyses of PDGs. Finally, PDGs extruded at 110 °C were found to facilitate the forming of biopolymer films with superior mechanical properties, water resistance and thermal stability.

CONCLUSIONS

Physicochemical and structural properties of PDGs were effectively modified by extrusion processing, and extrusion modification of PDGs could be a great way to facilitate the construction of biopolymer films with superior characteristics. It could provide more possibilities to extend the applications of DGs to alleviate the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Semi‐industrial ultrasound‐assisted extraction of grape‐seed proteins
Authors: Chaji Salah , Capaldi Giorgio , Gallina Lorenzo , Grillo Giorgio , Boffa Luisa , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

To manage industrial waste in accordance with the circular bioeconomy concept it is sometimes necessary to handle grape seeds, an abundant by‐product of the wine‐making process. This study presents a process based on ultrasound technology for the extraction of grape‐seed proteins, due to their nutritional and techno‐functional properties. The protein content of extracts obtained under silent and lab‐scale conditions was compared with that obtained under semi‐industrial ultrasound conditions, and the chemical composition (carbohydrates, total phenols, and lipids) and the elemental profiles of the final, up‐scaled downstream extracts were characterized.

RESULTS

This work found that the maximum amount of protein in the final product was 378.31 g.kg−1 of the extract. Chemical characterization revealed that each 1 kg of extract had an average content of 326.19 g gallic acid equivalent as total phenols, 162.57 g glucose equivalent as carbohydrates, and 382.76 g of lipophilic compounds. Furthermore, when the extract was checked for hazardous elements, none were found in levels that could be considered a risk for human health.

CONCLUSION

The proposed semi‐industrial strategy has the potential to contribute greatly to the valorization of grape seeds through the preparation of a protein‐rich extract that can be used as an alternative to synthetic wine stabilizers and for the development of novel food and nutraceutical products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
T‐YOLO: a lightweight and efficient detection model for nutrient buds in complex tea‐plantation environments
Authors: Bai Bingyi , Wang Junshu , Li Jianlong , Yu Long , Wen Jiangtao , Han Yuxing
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Quick and accurate detection of nutrient buds is essential for yield prediction and field management in tea plantations. However, the complexity of tea plantation environments and the similarity in color between nutrient buds and older leaves make the location of tea nutrient buds challenging.

RESULTS

This research presents a lightweight and efficient detection model, T‐YOLO, for the accurate detection of tea nutrient buds in unstructured environments. First, a lightweight module, C2fG2, and an efficient feature extraction module, DBS, are introduced into the backbone and neck of the YOLOv5 baseline model. Second, the head network of the model is pruned to achieve further lightweighting. Finally, the dynamic detection head is integrated to mitigate the feature loss caused by lightweighting. The experimental data show that T‐YOLO achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 84.1%, the total number of parameters for model training (Params) is 11.26 million (M), and the number of floating‐point operations (FLOPs) is 17.2 Giga (G). Compared with the baseline YOLOv5 model, T‐YOLO reduces Params by 47% and lowers FLOPs by 65%. T‐YOLO also outperforms the existing optimal detection YOLOv8 model by 7.5% in terms of mAP.

CONCLUSION

The T‐YOLO model proposed in this study performs well in detecting small tea nutrient buds. It provides a decision‐making basis for tea farmers to manage smart tea gardens. The T‐YOLO model outperforms mainstream detection models on the public dataset, Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD), which offers a reference for the construction of lightweight and efficient detection models for other small target crops. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluating the quality of systematic reviews of comparative studies in autograft‐based anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the AMSTAR‐2 tool: A systematic umbrella review
Authors: Sritharan Praveen , Milantoni Vincent , Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Kay Jeffrey , Slawaska‐Eng David , Johnson Jansen , de Sa Darren
Published: February 2024

Purpose

There remains a lack of consensus around autograft selection in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), though there is a large body of overlapping systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Systematic reviews and their methodological quality were aimed to be further assessed, using a validated tool known as assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR‐2).

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL were searched from inception to 23 April 2023 for systematic reviews (with/without meta‐analysis) comparing primary ACLR autografts. A final quality rating from AMSTAR‐2 was provided for each study (‘critically low’, ‘low’, ‘moderate’ or ‘high’ quality). Correlational analyses were conducted for ratings in relation to study characteristics.

Results

Two thousand five hundred and ninety‐eight studies were screened, and 50 studies were ultimately included. Twenty‐four studies (48%) were rated as ‘critically low’, 17 (34%) as ‘low’, seven (14%) as ‘moderate’ and two (4%) as ‘high’ quality. The least followed domains were reporting on sources of funding (1/50 studies), the impact of risk of bias on results of meta‐analyses (11/36 studies) and publication bias (17/36 studies). There was a significant increase in the frequency of studies graded as ‘moderate’ compared to ‘low’ or ‘critically low’ quality over time (p = 0.020).

Conclusion

The methodological quality of systematic reviews comparing autografts in ACLR is low, with many studies being rated lower due to commonly absent aspects of systematic review methodology such as investigating sources of funding and publication bias. More recent studies were generally more likely to be of higher quality. Authors are advised to consult AMSTAR‐2 prior to conducting systematic reviews in ACLR.

Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation Rockwood type III and V show no difference in functional outcome and 91% recovered well without the need for surgery
Authors: Haugaard Kristine B. , Bak Klaus , Ryberg Dorthe , Muharemovic Omar , Hölmich Per , Barfod Kristoffer W.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations are common injuries, but the indication for and timing of surgery is debated. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results after acute AC joint dislocations Rockwood type III and V treated nonsurgically with the option of delayed surgical intervention.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study with clinical, radiological and patient‐reported outcome assessment at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after acute AC joint dislocation. Patients aged 18–60 with acute AC joint dislocation and a baseline panorama (Zanca) radiograph with an increase in the coracoclavicular distance of >25% compared to the uninjured side were eligible for inclusion. All patients were treated nonsurgically with 3 months of home‐based training and with the option of delayed surgical intervention. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI). Secondary outcomes were surgery yes/no and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Results

Ninety‐five patients were included. Fifty‐seven patients were Rockwood type III and 38 patients were type V. There were no statistically significant differences in WOSI and SPADI between patients with type III and V injuries at any time point. Nine patients (9.5%) were referred for surgery; seven type III and two type V (ns).

Conclusion

Ninety‐one percent of patients with acute AC joint dislocation Rockwood type III and V recovered without surgery and there were no differences in outcome scores between type III and V at any time point.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
The Ankle Ligament Reconstruction‐Return to Sport after Injury (ALR‐RSI) is a valid and reliable measure to assess psychological readiness before returning to sport following peroneal tendon pathology surgery
Authors: Saliba Ibrahim , Dagher Tanios , Valentin Eugenie , Cannell Stuart , Moussellard Hugues Pascal , Anract Philippe , Feruglio Sylvain , Vialle Raphael , Bauer Thomas , Hardy Alexandre
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study was to validate a scale that could help surgeons evaluate patients' psychological readiness to return to sport (RTS) after peroneal tendon pathology surgery.

Methods

The Ankle Ligament Reconstruction‐Return to Sport after Injury (ALR‐RSI) scale, which had previously been validated in ankle ligament reconstruction patients, was adapted to evaluate the psychological preparedness for RTS in athletic patients who underwent peroneal tendinopathy surgery. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) and Foot Ankle Ability Measurement (FAAM) scores were employed as patient‐related outcome measurement (PROM) instruments.

Results

This study included 57 patients. There was a strong correlation between ALR‐RSI and both FAOS and FAAM (r = −0.68 and 0.74, respectively). ALR‐RSI was considerably higher in patients who returned to sports than in those who did not. The mean score was 72.9 ± 19.0 in patients who returned to the same preinjury level, 48.5 ± 24.0 in those who returned to a lower level and 53.6 ± 31.1 in patients who changed their athletic activity (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, ALR‐RSI showed at least a similar discrimination ability when compared to FAOS and FAAM. The test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.95. The Cronbach's α statistic used to measure the internal consistency was high (0.95). A Youden index of 0.65 was observed for a cut‐off score of 68 points.

Conclusion

ALR‐RSI is a valid instrument for assessing psychological readiness to RTS in an athletic population following peroneal tendon surgery. When compared to the most commonly used PROMs, it was strongly correlated and demonstrated at least similar discrimination capacity. This could assist surgeons in identifying athletes who will have poor postoperative results and advising them on their capability to RTS.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Unveiling Local Electronic Structures of Manganese‐Doped Double Perovskites Red Emitters
Authors: Zheng Xingke , Du Aochen , Ye Yun , Chen Enguo , Xu Sheng , Guo Tailiang
Published: February 2024

Over the past few years, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as an efficient replacement for standard incandescent and fluorescent lamps, due to their superior efficiency, energy conservation, service longevity, reliability, and affordability. However, identifying a red emitter for white LEDs has presented significant challenges. This study seeks to synthesize and analyze a novel red emitter, investigating its potential use in white LEDs and indoor plant growth lighting. The Sr2Lu(Nb,Mn)O6 is manufactured employing the traditional high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The internal and external quantum efficiencies (IQE and EQE) of double perovskites reached 32.39% and 21.67%. The g value calculates to 2.146, which corroborates that the magnetic dipolar transitions of Mn4+ ions inhabit symmetric octahedral sites. First‐principles investigations are utilized to unveil local electronic structures. Emission spectra reveal a substantial broad red emission peak at 688 nm. The Tanabe–Sugano diagram is applied to understand the luminescence mechanism. Additionally, the evaluation of parameters such as the internal UV emission ratio, crystal field strength, and Racah parameters is conducted. The luminescent intensity of the Sr2Lu(Nb,Mn)O6 can still be maintained at 60% upon reaching a temperature of 423 K. The findings suggest that Sr2Lu(Nb,Mn)O6 offers a novel alternative for white LEDs and indoor plant growth lighting.
A seamless blended multi‐model ensemble approach to probabilistic medium‐range weather pattern forecasts over the UK
Authors: Neal Robert , Robbins Joanne , Crocker Ric , Cox Dave , Fenwick Keith , Millard Jonathan , Kelly Jason
Published: February 2024

This paper describes a new seamless blended multi‐model ensemble configuration of an existing probabilistic medium‐ to extended‐range weather pattern forecasting tool (called Decider) run operationally at the Met Office. In its initial configuration, the tool calculated and presented probabilistic weather pattern forecast information for five individual ensemble forecasting systems, which varied in terms of their number of ensemble members, horizontal resolution, update frequencies and forecast lead time. This resulted in multiple forecasts for the same validity time which varied in terms of forecast skill depending on the lead time in question. This presented challenges for end‐users (e.g., operational meteorologists) in terms of knowing which forecast output is best to use and at which lead time, as well as knowing what to do in situations where forecasts varied between ensembles. To get around these challenges, a new seamless blended multi‐model ensemble configuration has been implemented operationally, comprising of output from five separate ensembles, and provides a single best forecast from day one out to day 45. Objective verification for a set of eight weather pattern groups covering forecasts initialized over a 6‐year period (2017–2022) shows that the seamless blended multi‐model ensemble forecasts are at least as good as, if not better than the best performing individual model.
Connection between LGBTQ+ life purpose and MH explored
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: February 2024

Although it is well documented that LGBTQ+ young people report higher rates of mental health concerns compared with their peers, research has also begun examining the relationship between protective factors, such as perceived life expectancy and life purpose, and mental health, The Trevor Project indicated in a brief released last month.
Design of polycarbonate‐based dual‐band conformal frequency‐selective surface for 4G/5G shielding applications
Authors: Manokaran Singaram , Sivasamy Ramprabhu , Harish Muthukaruppan V. , Kaushik Roshan E.
Published: February 2024

In this work, a compact conformal swastik frequency‐selective surface (FSS) has been proposed for shielding 4G/5G signals. The resonating unit of FSS is realized using swastik geometry. The proposed FSS offers resonance at 1800 MHz for 4G band and 3300 MHz for sub‐6 5G band. The unit‐cell dimension is 0.11λ0 × 0.11λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest resonating frequency. The proposed FSS provides a stable response for both the TE and TM modes of polarization up to 60°. To validate the simulated results, the FSS was fabricated and tested. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
Sports‐related peripheral nerve injuries of the upper limb
Authors: Dutton Rebecca A. , Norbury John , Colorado Berdale
Published: February 2024

Peripheral nerve injuries in athletes affect the upper limb more commonly than the lower limb. Common mechanisms include compression, traction, laceration, and ischemia. Specific sports can have unique mechanisms of injury and are more likely to be associated with certain neuropathies. Familiarity with these sport‐specific variables and recognition of the common presentations of upper limb neuropathic syndromes are important in assessing an athlete with a suspected peripheral nerve injury. Evaluation may require imaging modalities and/or electrodiagnostic testing to confirm a nerve injury. In some cases, diagnostic injections may be needed to differentiate neuropathic versus musculoskeletal etiology. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for treatment/management and increases the likelihood of a safe return‐to‐sport and avoidance of long‐term functional consequences. Most nerve injuries can be treated conservatively, however, severe or persistent cases may require surgical intervention. This monograph reviews key diagnostic, management, and preventative strategies for sports‐related peripheral nerve injuries involving the upper limb.
Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) expression in myositides: Sarcoplasmic expression is common in both dermatomyositis and lupus myositis
Authors: Xing Changhong , Trivedi Jaya , Bitencourt Nicole , Burns Dennis K. , Reisch Joan S. , Cai Chunyu
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Aims

Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a type I interferon (IFN1) pathway activation marker and MxA sarcoplasmic expression is currently recognized as a highly specific marker for dermatomyositis (DM). However, we have frequently observed endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI), another surrogate IFN1 activation marker, in a variety of overlap myositides. The aim of this study was to examine MxA expression in those myositides.

Methods

We retrospectively performed MxA immunostaining on a wide range of myositides.

Results

MxA sarcoplasmic expression was present in DM (94.4%, 17/18), active lupus myositis (LM, 80%,16/20), inactive LM (36%, 4/11), antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS, 20%, 2/10), systemic sclerosis (13%, 2/15), Sjogren's syndrome (7.7%, 1/13), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) myositis (5.6%, 1/18) and was absent in immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM, 0/16) and hydroxychloroquine myopathy (0/5). The sensitivity and specificity of MxA sarcoplasmic expression for LM and DM combined compared with all other myositides were 84.6% (95% CI: 69.5–94.1) and 92.1 (95% CI: 83.6–97.0), respectively, and superior to TRIs. MxA capillary expression was nonspecific. Histologically, 35% of LM cases demonstrated a unique panfascicular necrotizing myopathy pattern. The remainder of the LM cases had significant morphological overlap with DM/ASyS (20%), IMNM (20%), or polymyositis (15%).

Discussion

MxA sarcoplasmic expression is highly prevalent in LM and DM and is a useful marker in differentiating DM and LM from other myositides. LM can manifest in various pathology patterns that need to be differentiated from DM, IMNM, ASyS, and polymyositis.
Analytical solution for consolidation of unsaturated composite foundation improved by permeable and impermeable columns considering depth‐dependent initial stress
Authors: Qin Aifang , Peng Yuxiang , Gong Jiaming , Jiang Lianghua
Published: February 2024

The combination of permeable and impermeable columns is commonly employed to enhance the stability of natural ground and expedite the consolidation process while effectively reducing foundation settlement. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the consolidation characteristics of unsaturated composite foundations (USCF) using various methods. Firstly, a mathematical model is developed under the assumption of equal strain, considering depth‐dependent initial stress. To obtain more generalized analytical solutions for excess pore pressures and foundation settlement, separation of variables, Laplace transformation, and inversion Laplace transformation are employed. Secondly, the accuracy of the proposed analytical solutions is validated by comparing them with two specific cases reported in the existing literature, achieved by reducing the compression modulus of columns. Lastly, a series of parameters are investigated to examine the consolidation characteristics of USCF considering depth‐dependent initial stress. The results demonstrate that the final settlement of the foundation will be overestimated while the variation of vertical stress along the depth is neglected. Furthermore, adjusting the values of area replacement ratios proves to be more effective and straightforward than modifying the compression modulus of columns in the reinforcement treatment of USCF.
Ten tips to make difficult conversations easier
Authors: Schwebel David C.
Published: February 2024

Academia offers plenty of rewarding pleasures, including commencement, awards ceremonies, and student “a‐ha” moments, among others. We also face daily stresses and challenges. One less rewarding academic duty is the delivery of difficult news. This need arises for multiple reasons, including policy violations, negative performance reviews, academic dishonesty, and conflict resolution.
University's disability studies faculty research link between disability and incarceration
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: February 2024

Faculty in the Rutgers University–Newark's Disability Studies program have researched the link between disability status/classifications and incarceration (https://bit.ly/48ixYXp). The experts argue that disability and special education play a significant role in the “special ed to prison pipeline.”
Preoperative Vitamin D and Calcium Administration in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Alhakami Mohammed , Lajdam Ghassan Bin , Ghaddaf Abdullah A. , Alayoubi Sarah , Alhelali Shaden , Alshareef Mohammad , Alharbi Jabir
Published: February 2024

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess whether preoperative administration of calcium and vitamin D prevents postoperative hypocalcemia.

Data Sources

A computerized search in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was performed.

Review Methods

Trials comparing preoperative calcium and vitamin D administration with either placebo or nothing were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of laboratory hypocalcemia, mean postoperative calcium level, and symptomatic hypocalcemia. The secondary outcomes were the development of permanent hypoparathyroidism and length of hospitalization. Continuous outcomes were represented as standardized mean difference (SMD), and dichotomous outcomes were represented as risk ratio (RR).

Results

Nine trials that enrolled 1079 patients were found eligible. Postoperative laboratory hypocalcemia occurred less in patients who received preoperative calcium and vitamin D, but it was not statistically significant (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60‐1.00; P = .05). Mean postoperative calcium level was significantly higher in the intervention group (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.07‐0.12; P < .00001). The number of patients with symptomatic hypocalcemia was significantly lower in the intervention group (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.38‐0.76; P = .0005). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism and length of hospitalization.

Conclusion

Administration of calcium and vitamin D preoperatively achieves lower rates of postthyroidectomy symptomatic hypocalcemia in comparison with no intervention.
Study on compressive performances of carbon nanotube film‐protected composite laminates after lightning strike
Authors: Li Kenan , Cheng Xiaoquan , Zhang Xianglin , Huang Wenjun
Published: February 2024

Compressive performances of composite structures can be significantly decreased due to the lightning strike damage, so the structures with lightning frighten must be considered lightning protection design. In this study, compressive experiments after lightning strikes were conducted on non‐protected, 12‐layer interlaminar carbon nanotube film (CNF) protected, and traditional surface silver coating (TSSC)‐protected composite laminates. A numerical analysis procedure was established, incorporating a lightning strike ablation damage simulation (LSADS) module and compressive residual strength calculation (CRSC) module. The procedure's effectiveness was verified by the experiment results. Based on this procedure, the compressive performances and the possible failure mechanism of laminates after lightning strikes were analyzed. The results show that the laminates with TSSC protection and 12‐layer interlaminar CNF protection can increase compressive residual strength compared with non‐protected laminates. The predominant compressive damages of the laminates after lightning strikes are fiber‐matrix shear damage and fiber fracture damage. Optimized one‐layer interlaminar CNF protection with a thickness of 0.36 mm can increase the laminate compressive strength but decrease the structural weight. This study offers a reference and basis for the lightning strike protection design of composite structures.

Highlights

CNF in lightning strike protection of composite structures.

Compressive failure mechanism of composite laminates after lightning strikes.

A numerical procedure to evaluate lightning damage and compressive performances.

Design of interlaminar CNF protection.
Quality assessment and Q‐markers discovery in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by integrating serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology
Authors: Li Yuxin , Zhang Mengyu , Liu Xinyu , Zhang Xiaobin , Pan Pingchuan , Tan Rui , Jiang Hezhong
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus (CSF), a common fruit and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been hindered in its further development and research owing to the lack of comprehensive and specific quality evaluation standards.

Objective

This study aimed to establish clear TCM quality standards related to the therapeutic mechanisms of CSF and to provide a basis for subsequent research and development.

Methods

Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐orbitrap HRMS) technology was used to comprehensively identify CSF components and explore their absorbance levels in rat serum. Network pharmacology research methods were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of the identified components in the treatment of major clinical diseases. Subsequently, a combination of HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting for qualitative analysis and multi‐index content determination was used to evaluate the detectability of the identified quality markers (Q‐markers).

Results

Twenty‐six prototype components were tentatively characterized in rat serum. Network pharmacology analysis showed six effective components, namely 7‐hydroxycoumarin, isoscopoletin, diosmin, hesperidin, 5,7‐dimethoxycoumarin, and bergapten, which played important roles in the treatment of chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, and depression and were preliminarily identified as Q‐markers. The results of content determination in 15 batches of CSF indicated significant differences in the content of medicinal materials from different origins. However, compared with the preliminarily determined Q‐markers, all six components could be measured and were determined as Q‐markers of CSF.

Conclusion

The chemical Q‐markers obtained in this study could be used for effective quality control of CSF.
Activation energy and molecular weight dependence of cooperative tracer chains diffusion in highly entangled polymer melts
Authors: Ngai K. L.
Published: February 2024

The generalized Langevin equation for cooperative dynamics of Guenza predicts the dynamics of chains in entangled polymers is cooperative with anomalous properties, and at variance with the tube‐reptation model. The center‐of‐mass mean‐square displacements at shorter times are subdiffusive with with β < 1, contradicting the common assumption of reptation within the tube. At some longer time the subdiffusive dynamics exhibits the crossover to free diffusion with . Moreover the subdiffusive dynamics is heterogeneous, non‐Gaussian, and cooperative. These predictions have been confirmed by using neutron spin echo spectroscopy in entangled polyethylene melts [M. Zamponi, et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 16220], and in tracer diffusion of short polyethylene chains in a highly entangled polyethylene melt [M. Zamponi et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2021, 126, 187801]. The latter was confirmed in poly(ethylene oxide) tracer diffusion in highly entangled poly(ethylene oxide) melt [M. Kruteva et al. Macromolecules 2021, 54, 11384]. Notwithstanding, there are other important data sets obtained in the NSE experiments but were left unexplained. One set consists of the activation energies of the Arrhenius temperature dependence of D for each tracer. Another is the molecular weight dependence of D of the tracers determined at the same temperature. In this article the predictions of the Coupling Model are applied to these two sets of data. Good quantitative agreements of the CM predictions with experimental data provide additional support to the cooperativity dynamics of entangled polymers as concluded by others. Additionally, all the properties of cooperative diffusion of entangled polymer chains are shown to be isomorphic to those found in cooperative diffusions in totally different systems. Diffusion in all are governed by interaction between the diffusing units, and from which the universal properties originate.
Coping with stress styles and the level of perceived stress in hematopoietic cell transplant patients
Authors: Pawełczak‐Szastok Marta , Ilska Michalina , Swoboda Ryszard , Giebel Sebastian
Published: February 2024

Objective

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is considered an integral part of therapy in many hematological and non‐hematological malignancies. The procedure can be highly stressful for patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare stress assessments in HSCT patients, depending on their stress coping style (CS) and type of treatment (autologous vs. allogeneic HSCT).

Methods

A short longitudinal study was conducted between May 2021 and June 2023 among patients with hematological cancers undergoing HSCT. The study involved four time points: the day of admission to hospital – T1, the day before HSCT – T2, 6 days after HSCT – T3, and the day of discharge – T4. Participants completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) on T1, and the Distress Thermometer (DT) on T1‐T4. Descriptive statistics and a repeated measures ANOVA were conducted.

Results

A total of 128 participants completed the study: 54.2% female, mean age 48.7 years. They were divided into: (1) five groups based on their CS: task‐oriented, emotion‐oriented, avoidance‐oriented, mix‐oriented, differential‐oriented; (2) two groups based on treatment type. The analyses showed significant differences in stress between the CS study groups (p = 0.001). The emotion‐oriented group had the highest stress levels during the hospitalization period. There was also a significant time effect (p < 0.001): stress levels increased during the hospitalization period, peaking 6 days after HSCT, and decreased at discharge.

Conclusions

Stress levels depend on coping styles and time points during the hospitalization period, which should be taken into account in planning psychological interventions for HSCT patients.
Electro‐polymerization of polypyrroles, comparison among electrochemistry, glow, and arc discharges
Authors: Ramírez Rosario , Flores‐Nava Fernando G. , Colín‐Orozco Elena , Cuauhtémoc Palacios J. , Guadalupe Olayo M. , Ventolero Adriana , Cruz Guillermo J.
Published: February 2024

This work presents a comparison between electrochemical (Echem), plasma glow, and arc discharge polymerizations of pyrrole doped with iodine to correlate the energy of synthesis, chemical structure, and electrical conductivity of the polymers. Plasma glow discharges were used in the gas phase, electrochemistry in liquid, and arc discharges in a hybrid gas–liquid combination. Polypyrroles had structure and conductivity that varied with the synthesis parameters; Echem produced polymers with high carbonization and without the C≡N triple bonds resulting from the other syntheses. Conductivity divided the polymers in two: those synthesized in liquid were in the 0.01–1.0 S/m range, and those synthesized in gas were in the 10–9–10–7 S/m range, with differences of up to eight orders of magnitude due to the dopants and electrolytes.
Short‐term effects of positive expiratory pressure mask on ventilation inhomogeneity in children with cystic fibrosis: A randomized, sham‐controlled crossover study
Authors: Gambazza Simone , Mariani Alessandra , Guarise Riccardo , Ferrari Beatrice , Carta Federica , Brivio Anna , Bizzarri Sofia , Castellani Chiara , Colombo Carla , Laquintana Dario
Published: February 2024

Background

Can physiotherapy with a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask improve peripheral ventilation inhomogeneity, a typical feature of children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF)? To answer this question, we used the nitrogen multiple‐breath washout (N2MBW) test to measure diffusion‐convection‐dependent inhomogeneity arising within the intracinar compartment (Sacin*VT).

Methods

For this randomized, sham‐controlled crossover trial, two N2MBW tests were performed near the hospital discharge date: one before and the other after PEP mask therapy (1 min of breathing through a flow‐dependent PEP device attached to a face mask, followed by three huffs and one cough repeated 10 times) by either a standard (10–15 cmH20) or a sham (<5 cmH20) procedure on two consecutive mornings. Deception entailed misinforming the subjects about the nature of the study; also the N2MBW operators were blinded to treatment allocation. Study outcomes were assessed with mixed‐effect models.

Results

The study sample was 19 cwCF (ten girls), aged 11.4 (2.7) years. The adjusted Sacin*VT mean difference between the standard and the sham procedure was −0.015 (90% confidence interval [CI]: −∞ to 0.025) L−1. There was no statistically significant difference in Scond*VT and lung clearance index between the two procedures: −0.005 (95% CI: −0.019 to 0.01) L−1 and 0.49 (95% CI: −0.05 to 1.03) turnovers, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings do not support evidence for an immediate effect of PEP mask physiotherapy on Sacin*VT with pressure range 10–15 cmH20. Measurement with the N2MBW and the crossover design were found to be time‐consuming and unsuitable for a short‐term study of airway clearance techniques.
Development of depression in patients using androgen deprivation therapy: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qazi Shurjeel Uddin , Altaf Zahabia , Zafar Mariam , Tariq Muhammad Ali , Khalid Areesha , Kaleem Aleesha , Saad Emaan , Qazi Sana
Published: February 2024

Background

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Multiple studies have highlighted serious consequences this therapy poses to mental health, particularly depression. We aimed to review the incidence and association between ADT in men with PCa and the risk of depression.

Methods

We systematically searched multiple databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus till August 2023 for studies that compared ADT versus control for treating PCa reporting depression as outcome. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects models and results presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists.

Results

A total of 38 studies (17 retrospective studies, 16 prospective studies, two cross‐sectional studies and two randomized trials) with 360,650 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta‐analysis. The estimated pooled incidence of depression among ADT patients is 209.5 (95% CI = 122.3; 312.2) per 1000 patients. There is statistically significant relationship between ADT treatment and depression (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.28, 1.67; p = 0, I2 = 86.4%). The results remained consistent across various subgroups. No risk of publication bias was detected by funnel plot and Eggers's test (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

There is a higher risk of depression for men receiving ADT. Further studies evaluating optimal treatments for depression in men on ADT are warranted
Optimization of Perovskite/Colloidal Quantum Dot Monolithic Tandem Solar Cell to Enhance Device Performance via Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator 1D
Authors: Singh Reeta , Rani Manju
Published: February 2024

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) based on metal halide perovskites offer a route to increase power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, there are limited options for narrow‐bandgap bottom subcells. Colloidal quantum dots‐based solar cells are found attractive for this role. Herein, a cost‐effective two‐terminal (2T) monolithic TSC structure consisting of wide‐bandgap all‐inorganic perovskite top subcell and narrow‐bandgap chalcogenide PbS quantum dots bottom subcell is proposed. For optimization of the PCE of the tandem structure, standalone and tandem analysis are done in terms of variation of absorber layer thickness, total defect density, interfacial defect density, back metal contact, current density voltage (J–V) curves, external quantum efficiency, current matching, and tandem photovoltaic parameters. Optimized TSCs designed with the 530 nm/450 nm‐thick absorber layers of top/bottom sub cells result in of 19.28 mA cm−2, of 1.89 V, and PCE of 27.32%. It is found that performance of the device is very sensitive to the total defect density of the bottom subcell. Therefore, high PCE can be obtained by controlling the total defect density of the bottom subcell. This work motivates the experimental realization of low‐cost, high‐efficiency TSCs for further research.
Remotely sensed land‐cover change and floodplain disturbance following upstream‐migrating river avulsions in tropical rainforests
Authors: Henson Riley T. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Lazarus Eli D.
Published: February 2024

The displacement of a river to a new position within its adjacent floodplain is called avulsion, and here we examine how a newly recognized style, called retrogradational avulsion, affects the surrounding floodplain in tropical rainforests using remote sensing. Retrogradational avulsions begin with a channel blockage that causes self‐propagating upstream dechannelization and flooding. While this flooding results in vegetation die‐off and floodplain sedimentation, few quantitative measurements of disturbance by retrogradational avulsions exist. Here, we first focus on land‐cover change following a single retrogradational avulsion in Papua New Guinea from 2012 to 2021. During the avulsion, the river dechannelized 892 m upstream, and the parent channel width doubled. Using maximum likelihood image classification, we observed healthy vegetation fluctuated around 4.3 km2, vegetation regrowth peaked in 2017 at 3.2 km2, dead vegetation peaked in 2013 at 2.1 km2, and visible extent of deposited sediment was greatest in 2015 at 0.44 km2. We also examined 19 other retrogradational avulsions in Papua New Guinea and South America using NDVI. The area of floodplain disturbance (i.e., vegetation die‐off and possible sedimentation) for each avulsion ranged from <1 to >13 km2 and scaled with the dechannelization area. Comparing our plan‐view disturbance results with FABDEM digital‐elevation data and ICESat‐2 surface elevation measurements, we hypothesize floodplain disturbance extent is a function of topographic relief. Our results also suggest that retrogradational avulsions, on average, perturb larger areas of forest compared to blowdowns, suggesting this might be an important disturbance regime that influences gap‐filling regeneration in tropical rainforests.