bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La nouvelle économie géographique : agglomération et dispersion
Authors: Duranton Gilles
Published: September 2011

La nouvelle économie géographique : agglomération et dispersion par Gilles Duranton

À la croisée des chemins du commerce international, de l'économie urbaine et de la micro-économie spatiale, la nouvelle économie géographique cherche à s'imposer comme un champ d'analyse distinct. Pour évaluer son état d'avancement, cet article effectue une synthèse sur la problématique de l' agglomération et la dispersion des activités et des personnes. Les réponses proposées peuvent s'organiser suivant différentes perspectives. Ainsi, les théories existantes se focalisent sur une ou plusieurs des trois dimensions principales du problème (taille, fonctions et les localisations des agglomérations). Une autre partition est possible selon une dichotomie facteurs de proximité/forces de longue distance. L'axe d'analyse choisi ici est toutefois historique : les différentes sources d'agglomération et de dispersion agissent avec des intensités différentes selon l'état du développement économique.
La concentration géographique des industries françaises
Authors: Maurel Françoise , Sédillot Béatrice
Published: September 2011

La concentration géographique des industries françaises par Françoise Maurel et Béatrice Sédillot

L'objet de cet article est d'apprécier empiriquement la concentration géographique des industries françaises, à partir d'une modélisation des choix de localisation des établissements suggérée par Ellison-Glaeser ( 1994). L' indicateur de concentration géographique utilisé mesure la corrélation entre les décisions d'implantation de deux établissements d'un même secteur et permet ainsi de cerner les externalités de localisation propres à une industrie. À côté des industries extractives et traditionnelles, certaines industries de haute technologie apparaissent fortement localisées. Par ailleurs, pour certaines industries, les avantages de l'agglomération dépassent les frontières du département et se mesurent à l'échelon de la région.
Fonction de production et degrés d'utilisation du capital et du travail : une analyse économétrique
Authors: Cueva Simon , Heyer Eric
Published: September 2011

Fonction de production et degrés d'utilisation du capital et du travail :

une analyse économétrique

par Simon Cueva et Éric Heyer

Ce travail nous a permis d'étudier le rôle des degrés d'utilisation des facteurs de production dans l'estimation d'une fonction de production pour l'industrie manufacturière française. Contrairement aux travaux existant sur le sujet, nous intégrons ici à la fois la durée et le taux d'utilisation pour le capital comme pour le travail. Les résultats valident cette démarche puisque l'ensemble des degrés semblent nécessaires pour obtenir des estimations réalistes, cohérentes et significatives visant à décrire la combinaison productive.
Méthodes d'estimation de l'exposant de Hurst. Application aux rentabilités boursières
Authors: Mignon Valérie
Published: September 2011

Methods for Estimating the Hurst Exponent: Application to Stock Market Returns

by Valérie Mignon

This paper analyses whether long memory is a characteristic of stock returns. It starts by defining the main long memory processes, such as fractional Gaussian noise and ARFJJVIA processes, which are characterised by a parameter called the Hurst exponent. We then review various methods for estimating this exponent. Finally, we apply these procedures to time series of weekly stock returns. Our findings suggest that Italian and Japanese stock returns display long memory persistence. Since long memory is directly related to the issue of market efficiency, these findings raise questions about the efficiency of Italian and Japanese capital markets.
Le système de retraite et l'équité intergénérationnelle
Authors: Tragaki Alexandra
Published: September 2011

Le système de retraite et l'équité intergênérationnelle

par Alexandra Tragaki

Si le champ traditionnel de la recherche concernant la retraite s'intéresse fréquemment aux diagnostics et projections à long terme sur la viabilité du système, les travaux longitudinaux consacrés aux bilans des générations passées et futures demeurent, malgré leur intérêt particulier, moins nombreux. L'intérêt principal de cet article est d'examiner jusqu'à quel point les systèmes de retraite préservent la justice intertemporelle en prenant soin égal des intérêts des gens quelle que soit leur date de naissance ; autrement dit si le système fonctionne toujours sur l'uniformité, la réciprocité, l'égalité au cours du temps. L'opinion publique parle des actifs exploités, des gens qui n'arriveront jamais à récupérer la somme qu'ils auront cotisée et qui doutent de ce "contrat entre les générations". Il reste à vérifier jusqu'à quel point cette réaction est justifiée.
Convergence des productivités dans l'industrie manufacturière. Une comparaison du couple franco-allemand aux autres pays industrialisés
Authors: Boussemard Jean-Philippe , Robert Emmanuel
Published: September 2011

Productivity convergence in the manufacturing industry. A comparison of France and Germany with other

industrialised countries

by Jean-Philippe Boussemart and Emmanuel Robert

This paper measures the total factor productivity gains and performance convergence of industrial sectors in France, Germany and the other Euro-zone countries compared with other OECD economies. It does this by computing a production frontier for 17 industries in 15 countries for the period from 1979 to 1992. This approach breaks down the productivity gains into technical efficiency variation and technological progress.

We find a definite convergence phenomenon in the industrial performances of France and Germany. This suggests that these countries' industries have already taken productivity adjustment measures to handle the irreversible transition to European Economic and Monetary Union.
Comparaisons de distributions hétérogènes et critères de dominance
Authors: Moyes Patrick
Published: September 2011

Comparisons of Heterogeneous Distributions and dominance Criteria

by Patrick Moyes

This paper looks at standard-of-living comparisons when observations of both income and household structure are available. We generalise the Atkinson and Bourguignon approach (1987) in the case where marginal distributions of needs can vary across the household populations studied. We assume that considerate planners use a utilitarian social welfare function to rank heterogeneous income distributions. Insofar as any individual can play the role of planner, we take the unanimist point of view that the planner's judgements have to comply with a certain number of basic normative principles. We impose increasingly restrictive conditions on the household's utility function and study their effects on the resulting ranking of distributions. This leads us to propose four dominance criteria to be used for an unambiguous ranking of income distributions for heterogeneous populations.
Critères de dominance temporelle. Le manuel de l'utilisateur
Authors: Karcher Thierry , Trannoy Alain
Published: September 2011

Temporal Dominance Criteria by Thierry Karcher and Alain Trannoy

A discounting operation is required to treat the inequaUty of wage and income careers over the life cycle. A single discount rate is often chosen more out of doctrine than a reaUstic view of the markets. In many cases, it would seem more reasonable to adhere to more approximate assumptions such as a range of discount rates. The purpose of temporal dominance is precisely to fist the cases in which such inexactitude does not prevent intertemporal income flows from being ranked. The comparison criteria obtained are based on different definitions of the concept of impatience, which is discussed in depth. A comparison of wage careers in the national education system illustrates the criteria found.
Les choix de l'âge de la retraite. Aspects incitatifs des règles du régime général et effets de la réforme de 1993
Authors: Pelé Louis-Paul , Ralle Pierre
Published: September 2011

Retirement Age Choices. Incentives under the General Social Security Scheme Rules and Effects

of the 1993 reform by Louis-Paul Pelé and Pierre Ralle

This paper studies private-sector employees' retirement age choices in the absence of constraints. We start with a brief description of the general social security scheme and the supplementary schemes. We then propose a theoretical modeUng, which shows that it is in employees' best interests not to collect their pensions until it has reached the "full rate". Given this assumption, we study how the generation of individuals bom in 1960 would be affected by the 1993 reform. Relatively few employees would put back their retirement age. The drop in pension, affecting all employees, would depend to a great extent on the length of working Ufe.
Gold(I)-catalyzed synthesis of γ-vinylbutyrolactones by intramolecular oxaallylic alkylation with alcohols
Authors: Chiarucci Michel , Locritani Mirko , Cera Gianpiero , Bandini Marco
Published: September 2011

Gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes proved to be a reliable catalytic system for the direct synthesis of functionalized γ-vinylbutyrolactones by intramolecular oxaallylic alkylation with primary alcohols. Good isolated chemical yields were obtained for a range of malonyl and acetate derivatives. The good performance in reagent-grade solvents and the functional group/moisture tolerance make this catalytic process a promising route for the synthesis of architecturally complex polycyclic structures.
Damage and Progression on Radiographs in Individual Joints: Data from Pivotal Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: LANDEWÉ ROBERT B.M. , STRAND VIBEKE , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , van der HEIJDE DÉSIRÉE
Published: September 2011

Objective.

Radiographic progression is usually assessed by Sharp-based methods (van der Heijde-modified Sharp score and the Genant-modified Sharp score). The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a range of randomized controlled trials (RCT), the presence of erosions and joint space narrowing (JSN) in all individual joints, as well as progression in these joints, and to determine if any redundancy exists due to infrequently involved joints.

Methods.

Four databases of rheumatoid arthritis RCT that were all scored according to van der Heijde’s modification of the Sharp score were included in a descriptive analysis.

Results.

Irrespective of different readers, different patient populations, and different disease durations per trial, similar patterns emerged. Both erosions and JSN occurred in all sites. Erosions occurred most frequently in the feet, preferentially in 5th metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP-5). JSN occurred most frequently in the wrist. Change from baseline in erosions and JSN followed the pattern of involvement at baseline, so that MTP-5, and to a lesser extent MTP-3 and MTP-4, preferentially showed progression in erosive damage. Joints in the wrist showed highest tendency to worsen over time with respect to JSN.

Conclusion.

These data indicate that both erosions and JSN must be assessed for damage, and that a more abbreviated joint count cannot be used for radiographic scoring.
Synovitis and Osteitis Are Very Frequent in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Remission: Results from an MRI Study of 294 Patients in Clinical Remission or Low Disease Activity State
Authors: GANDJBAKHCH FRÉDÉRIQUE , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , EJBJERG BO , HAAVARDSHOLM ESPEN A. , FOLTZ VIOLAINE , BROWN ANDREW K. , MØLLER DØHN UFFE , LASSERE MARISSA , FREESTON JANE , BØYESEN PERNILLE , BIRD PAUL , FAUTREL BRUNO , HETLAND MERETE LUND , EMERY PAUL , BOURGEOIS PIERRE , HØRSLEV-PETERSEN KIM , KVIEN TORE K. , McQUEEN FIONA , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL
Published: September 2011

Objective.

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), radiographic progression may occur despite clinical remission. This may be explained by subclinical inflammation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a greater sensitivity than clinical examination and radiography for assessing disease activity. Our objective was to determine the MRI characteristics of RA patients in clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA) state.

Methods.

Databases from 6 cohorts were collected from 5 international centers. RA patients in clinical remission according to Disease Activity Score28-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP < 2.6; n = 213) or LDA-state (2.6 ≤ DAS28-CRP < 3.2; n = 81) with available MRI data were included. MRI were assessed according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring system (RAMRIS).

Results.

Patient characteristics: 70% women, median age 55 (interquartile range, IQR 43–63) years, disease duration 2.3 (IQR 0.7–5.1) years, DAS28-CRP 2.2 (IQR 1.8–2.6), Simplified Disease Activity Index, SDAI, 3.9 (IQR 1.9–6.5), Clinical Disease Activity Index, CDAI, 3.1 (IQR 1.5– 5.8), rheumatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide positivity 57%/54%, presence of radiographic erosions: 66%. Wrist and metacarpophalangeal MRI (MCP-MRI) data were available for 287 and 241 patients, respectively. MRI inflammatory activity in wrist and/or MCP joints was observed in the majority [synovitis: 95%, bone edema (osteitis): 35%] of patients. The median (IQR) RAMRIS score was 6 (3–9) for synovitis and 0 (0–2) for osteitis. Synovitis and osteitis were not less frequent in DAS28 clinical remission (synovitis/osteitis 96%/35%) than LDA (91/36). A trend towards lower frequencies of osteitis in patients in SDAI and CDAI remission was observed.

Conclusion.

Subclinical inflammation was identified by MRI in the majority of RA patients in clinical remission or LDA state. This may explain structural progression in such patients. Further work is required to understand the place of modern imaging in future remission criteria.
OMERACT Magnetic Resonance Imaging Initiative on Structural and Inflammatory Lesions in Ankylosing Spondylitis — Report of a Special Interest Group at OMERACT 10 on Sacroiliac Joint and Spine Lesions
Authors: BARALIAKOS XENOFON , van der HEIJDE DESIRÉE , BRAUN JURGEN , LANDEWÉ ROBERT B.M.
Published: September 2011

The ASAS/OMERACT MRI group recently described and defined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in sacroiliac joints (SIJ) that are essential for the diagnosis of sacroiliitis in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS). At the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) 2010 meeting, a special interest group (SIG) was formed to design a research agenda for the definition and description of structural lesions in the SIJ and the spine in patients with established AS. During the SIG, a summary of the previous work of the group was presented to all participants, containing: (1) a description of the current definitions of structural SIJ changes; (2) available scoring methods for SIJ changes; (3) data from a previous pilot MRI exercise on chronic SIJ changes performed by members of the group; and (4) a proposal for a research agenda for OMERACT 11. The group agreed on the project’s scientific merits and the need to evaluate all available scoring methods and to have clear definitions for all possible abnormalities that can be seen on MRI, prior to the start of the exercise. It was also agreed that the exercise should include scoring of both structural and inflammatory lesions, due to lack of agreement about the best scoring method for assessing both types of lesions in AS. Participants agreed that longitudinal MRI over a certain period are needed to learn about the time sequence of pathologic changes and to understand the course of the disease. Finally, participants asked the group to add the development of a scoring method for structural changes in the spine in a subsequent exercise. Further to these objectives, all experts who agreed to contribute in the exercise will collaborate to achieve consensus on definitions and to organize training in the different scoring systems prior to the start of the project, with the aim to finalize the multiple reader exercise by the end of 2011, in time for OMERACT 11.
A Systematic Literature Review Analysis of Ultrasound Joint Count and Scoring Systems to Assess Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis According to the OMERACT Filter
Authors: MANDL PETER , NAREDO ESPERANZA , WAKEFIELD RICHARD J. , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , D’AGOSTINO MARIA ANTONIETTA
Published: September 2011

Objective.

The OMERACT Ultrasound Task Force is currently developing a global synovitis score (GLOSS) with the objective of feasibly measuring global disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In order to determine the minimal number of joints to be included in such a scoring system, and to analyze the metric properties of proposed global (i.e., patient level) ultrasound (US) scoring systems of synovitis in RA, a systematic analysis of the literature was performed.

Methods.

A systematic literature search of Pubmed and Embase was performed (January 1, 1984, to March 31, 2010). Original research reports written in English including RA, ultrasound, Doppler, and scoring systems were included. The design, subjects, methods, imaging protocols, and performance characteristics studied were analyzed, as well as the ultrasound definition of synovitis.

Results.

Of 3004 reports identified, 14 articles were included in the review. We found a lack of clear definition of synovitis as well as varying validity data with respect to the proposed scores. Scoring systems included a wide range and number of joints. All analyzed studies assessed construct validity and responsiveness by using clinical examination, laboratory findings, and other imaging modalities as comparators. Both construct validity and responsiveness varied according to the number and size of joints examined and according to the component of synovitis measured [i.e., gray-scale (GS) or power Doppler (PD) alone or in combination]. With regard to feasibility, time of evaluation varied from 15 to 60 min and increased with the number of joints involved in the examination.

Conclusions.

Ultrasound can be regarded as a valuable tool for globally examining the extent of synovitis in RA. However, it is presently difficult to determine a minimal number of joints to be included in a global ultrasound score. Further validation of proposed scores is needed.
Présentation et analyse d'une expérience chorégraphique de danse contemporaine avec des personnes âgées : quelle créativité ?
Authors: Fouillot Rodolphe , Panchal Maï
Published: September 2011

Les difficultés physiques, les problèmes de mémoire, les difficultés à vivre ensemble, les décès des résidents, le contexte social environnant (précarité des animateurs, manque d’écoute des personnes âgées) font des foyers logements une réalité assez rude. Dans ce contexte, la danse qui est un travail fin sur le corps dans une ouverture à l’indicible et l’imaginaire, a toute sa place auprès des résidents. Dans le cadre d’une résidence de la Compagnie de l’Onde à Rosny-sous-Bois, un travail bimensuel de sensibilisation à la danse contemporaine a été mené auprès des résidents d’un foyer logement. Si la personne âgée ne peut plus découvrir le monde et doit s’accommoder de la vie en hébergement collectif, la danse contemporaine lui permet un voyage mental, une vision décalée de son espace quotidien, tout en ne laissant pas de côté son corps, acteur de ce voyage presque immobile.
From pseudo‐3D to full‐resolution GPR imaging of a complex Roman site
Authors: Novo Alexandre , Lorenzo Henrique , Rial Fernando I. , Solla Mercedes
Published: September 2011

This case history demonstrates how an extra effort applied to data acquisition can benefit the interpretation of 3D GPR data over a Roman site of great complexity situated in a semi‐urban area. Two surveys (during May 2007 and July 2008) were accomplished after Roman wall remains had been found, by chance, during soil removal work at Agro da Ponte (Lugo, NW Spain). The same 250 MHz antenna was used for both of them. The first campaign covered the entire area using a pseudo‐3D strategy (GPR lines spaced by 0.5 m), which was only enough for defining areas of interest and some archaeological features. Based on these results, the next campaign focused on a smaller area and was based on an ultra‐dense grid strategy (GPR lines spaced by 0.1 m), which eventually revealed full‐resolution images of walls, apses and chambers of a Roman villa.
Modulation of the Murine CD8 Gene Complex Following the Targeted Integration of Human CD2-Locus Control Region Sequences
Authors: Menzel Ursula , Kosteas Theodoros , Tolaini Mauro , Killeen Nigel , Roderick Kathleen , Kioussis Dimitris
Published: September 2011

The human CD2 (hCD2) locus control region (LCR) inserted in the mouse CD8 gene complex activates expression of the CD8 genes in T cell subsets in which the CD8 locus is normally silenced (e.g., CD4+ single-positive T cells). In this article, we show that, in conditional mCD8/hCD2-LCR (CD8/LCR) knock-in mice, the continuous presence of the hCD2-LCR is required for this effect. Deletion of the inserted hCD2-LCR in a developmental stage and cell lineage-specific manner revealed that the temporary presence of the LCR during early development does not permanently alter the expression pattern of the CD8 genes. As a result, cells that have been affected by the insertion of the LCR can convert to their destined phenotype once the LCR is removed. DNaseI hypersensitive sites 1 and 2 of the hCD2-LCR influence the expression of the CD8 genes in a similar manner as does the full LCR, whereas insertion of hypersensitive site 3 alone of the LCR does not result in a changed expression pattern. This analysis revealed a dynamic interaction between the hCD2-LCR and the endogenous regulatory elements of the CD8 genes.
Exploring Business Competitiveness in High Technology Sectors: an Empirical Analysis of the Mexican Software Industry
Authors: González-Bañales Dora Luz , Andrade Helga Patricia Bermeo
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study is to explore business competitiveness in a high technology sector
through the analysis of the relationship among technological innovation, relational capital and
market orientation, and their influence on companies’ business performance of the Mexican
Software Industry. This study is analyzed under a positivistic and deductive approach, using
multivariate statistical analysis on the data gathered via an online survey from 198 software
industry companies. The outcomes suggest that technological innovation and relational capital
significantly influence business performance, while market orientation indirectly influences
performance through its interaction with technological innovation.
E-Scm and Inventory Management: A Study of Multiple Cases in a Segment of the Department Store Chain
Authors: Salgado Junior Alexandre Pereira , Novi Juliana Chiaretti , Pacagnella Junior Antonio Carlos , Oliveira Marcio Mattos Borges de
Published: September 2011

Inventory management through the supply chains is a theme that has always enticed managers throughout the world. Due to the increase in market competitiveness and complexity, the traditional statistical models of forecasting demand, based on time series, no longer met the needs imposed on businesses to maintain adequate levels of their inventory and supply interruptions. With the intent to meet these market demands, ERP systems appeared in the 1990’s. Nevertheless, even if allowing for a more adequate level of inventory and supply interruptions achieved mainly by the optimization of internal processes and the reduction in lead time, ERP systems did not contribute to reach the SCM’s desired levels of inventory that were aimed at by the more competitive businesses. This is because ERP limits itself to an internal analysis of the business. By contrast, inventory management depends on the consumption information (which is external to the business). Aiming to improve even further the level of services delivered to the end consumer, new solutions have been developed, among them the e- SCM, which, since it makes consumption information available in real time, ends up being more dynamic and efficient than the traditional demand forecasting models, Therefore, the present study aims to analyze how the e-SCM can collaborate in maintaining adequate levels of inventory and interruptions in the supply chains. The hypothesis made is that the traditional statistical forecasting models, based on time series and isolatedly, are no longer adequate to adjust the demand, as the tools based on these models do not update the demand in real time and this is fundamental in the current business dynamics. The research method used was the study of multiple cases in a segment of a chain involving a large retailer, its Distribution Center and a supplier of home appliances. For the analysis of the data, the content analysis technique was used. As main results, it was observed that, after the integration of the chain segment by the e- SCM, there was a reduction in the level of the inventory (36.8% in retail and 18% in the industry) and in inventory turnover (from 18.3 to 5.1 days in retail and from 19.6 to 3.2 days in the Distribution Center), aside from the variation in the interruption (from 17.3% to 2.6% in retail and from 3% to 0.1% in the case of the Distribution Center). Therefore, the study brings forth strong indication that the integration of the chain through the e-SCM, may contribute to the SCM’s competitiveness.
Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II mRNA-Binding Protein 3 in Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Its Precursor Lesions
Authors: Feng Wei , Zhou Zhongren , Peters Jeffrey H , Khoury Thaer , Zhai Qihui , Wei Qiying , Truong Camtu D , Song Sonya Wei , Tan Dongfeng
Published: September 2011

Context.—Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein highly expressed in fetal tissue and malignant tumors but only rarely within adult benign tissues. The expression of IMP3 in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor lesions including distinctive type Barrett mucosa (BM, intestinal metaplasia) and esophageal columnar dysplasia (ECD) is largely unknown.

Objective.—To characterize the patterns of IMP3 expression in EAC and its precursor lesions.

Design.—Samples from 132 cases of EAC, 28 cases of ECD (16 high-grade dysplasia and 12 low-grade dysplasia cases), 28 cases of BM without dysplasia, and 138 cases of nonneoplastic esophageal mucosa without dysplasia or BM within formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarray blocks were examined. Tissues were stained with mouse monoclonal anti-IMP3 antibody. The intensity (1–3+) and percent (0%–100%) of positive cytoplasmic and/or membranous IMP3 staining cells were determined.

Results.—Most of EAC cases (93 of 132; 70%) showed cytoplasmic and membranous IMP3 staining. Poorly and moderately differentiated EAC showed statistically significant higher IMP3 expression compared with well-differentiated EAC (P < .001). A subset of ECD cases (7 of 28; 25%) was positive for IMP3, including 3 low-grade dysplasia cases (focal 1+ IMP3 staining) and 4 high-grade dysplasia cases (more diffuse 1–2+ IMP3 staining). No IMP3 staining was observed in any nonneoplastic esophageal mucosa and BM tissues without dysplasia.

Conclusions.—This study suggests that IMP3 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of EAC and has diagnostic utility in differentiating neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the esophagus.
The Oncofetal Protein IMP3: A Novel Molecular Marker to Predict Aggressive Meningioma
Authors: Hao Suyang , Smith Thomas W , Chu Peigou G , Liu Qin , Ok Chi Young , Woda Bruce A , Lu Di , Lin Pei , Wang Sa A , Dresser Karen , Rock Kenneth L , Jiang Zhong
Published: September 2011

Context.—One of the major clinical challenges is to predict recurrence of meningioma. Recently, we have found that IMP3, an oncofetal RNA-binding protein, is a biomarker to predict aggressive tumors.

Objective.—To investigate whether IMP3 can be used as a new biomarker to predict the recurrence and overall survival of patients with meningiomas.

Design.—One hundred seven patients with primary meningiomas were investigated for expression of IMP3 by immunohistochemistry and whether expression of this molecule correlated with tumor recurrence and overall survival.

Results.—Tumor recurrence was found in 13 of 107 patients with primary meningioma. Seven of 107 patients (6.5%) with primary meningiomas expressed IMP3. Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests showed that patients with IMP3-positive tumors had a much higher recurrence rate (P  =  .004) and a poorer overall survival (P < .001) than did patients with IMP3-negative tumors. The 5-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 0% and 36% in IMP3-positive patients versus 89% and 94% in IMP3-negative patients, respectively. Multivariable analysis of IMP3 status (positive versus negative) in primary tumors showed a hazard ratio of 17.89 for recurrence (P  =  .01), which was much higher than hazard ratios associated with all other known risk factors including higher tumor grades and Ki-67 labeling index.

Conclusions.—IMP3 is a potential independent prognostic biomarker that can be used at the time of initial diagnosis of meningioma to identify patients who have a high risk of developing a recurrence.
Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma: An Overview
Authors: Ashby-Richardson Harty , Rogers Gary S , Stadecker Miguel J
Published: September 2011

Superficial acral fibromyxoma is a rare, slow-growing soft tissue tumor, which is commonly located in the periungual and subungual regions of the fingers and toes in adults. To date, fewer than 50 cases have been reported worldwide. Microscopic examination reveals a moderately circumscribed, nonencapsulated tumor situated in the dermis, which may also extend into the subcutis. The neoplasm consists of a moderately cellular proliferation of stellate and spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells embedded in a myxocollagenous stroma. Mast cells are easily identified throughout this lesion. Multinucleated stromal cells may also be present, but nuclear atypia and mitotic figures are rare. The tumor shows immunoreactivity for CD34, epithelial membrane antigen, CD99, and less frequently, CD10. Superficial acral fibromyxoma has a benign behavior but may persist or recur if inadequately excised. Therefore, complete excision and close follow-up are advised.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma of the Genitourinary Tract
Authors: Aron Manju , Zhou Ming
Published: September 2011

Merkel cell carcinomas are rare cutaneous neoplasms that are known to metastasize to various mucosal sites, including the genitourinary tract. Primary Merkel cell carcinomas of the genitourinary tract are extremely rare and may be mistaken for other more common carcinomas of the genitourinary tract, including urothelial carcinomas and prostatic carcinomas. However, primary Merkel cell carcinoma of the genitourinary tract is a very aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate clinical treatment. The discovery of the Merkel cell polyomavirus as a possible causative agent adds a new dimension in the understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis, and possible targeted therapies for this tumor.
Ruptured Myocardial Abscess Causing Left Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Communication in an Infant With Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis
Authors: Hershenson Jared A , Baker Peter B , Rowland Daniel G
Published: September 2011

Myocardial abscess perforation is an extremely rare complication of infective endocarditis. We present a case of a 12-month-old infant who developed community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia after an incision and drainage of a skin abscess. He subsequently developed septic emboli to the brain and lungs, and a myocardial cavity in the outlet portion of the interventricular septum. The cavity ruptured 4 days after diagnosis and created a left ventricle to pulmonary artery fistulous communication. The patient died secondary to embolic complications to the brain. We are not aware of any other cases of myocardial abscess rupture in this location of the heart, in a patient of this age, or due to infection with community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus.
Mislabeling of Cases, Specimens, Blocks, and Slides: A College of American Pathologists Study of 136 Institutions
Authors: Nakhleh Raouf E , Idowu Michael O , Souers Rhona J , Meier Frederick A , Bekeris Leonas G
Published: September 2011

Context.—Accurate specimen labeling is a major patient-safety initiative by the Joint Commission and the College of American Pathologists. Inadequate specimen labels have led to patient injury from wrong patient diagnosis, wrong side treatment, and delay in diagnosis.

Objectives.—To quantify the rates of mislabeled cases, specimens, blocks, and slides and to identify the sources of error and the ways in which errors are detected.

Design.—In this voluntary-subscription Q-Probes study, participants prospectively reviewed surgical pathology cases for 8 weeks or until 30 errors (mislabeled cases, specimens, blocks, and slides) were identified. Information collected on each labeling error included the work location where the defect occurred, what was mislabeled, the number of items affected, the point of detection, and the consequences of the mislabeling error, along with institutional demographics and practice. The rates of mislabeled cases, specimens, blocks, and slides were tested for association with institutional demographics and practice variables.

Results.—Of the 136 institutions providing information on a total of 1811 mislabeling occurrences, the overall mislabeling rates per 1000 were 1.1 cases, 1.0 specimen, 1.7 blocks, and 1.1 slides. Of all mislabeling events, 27.1% were cases, 19.8% specimens, 25.5% blocks, and 27.7% slides. The work locations at which the errors occurred were 20.9% before accessioning, 12.4% at accessioning, 21.7% at block labeling, 10.2% during gross pathology, and 30.4% at tissue cutting. Errors were typically detected in the first or second steps immediately following the error. Lower mislabeled slide rates were associated with continuous individual case accessioning and use of formal checks at accessioning. Routinely including a statement in the gross description that the specimen is labeled with the patient's name and is properly identified was also associated with lower rates of specimen mislabeling. The errors were corrected before reports were issued 96.7% of the time; for 3.2% of errors, a corrected report was issued. In 1.3% of error occurrences, participants gauged that patient care was affected.

Conclusions.—This study quantified mislabeling rates across 136 institutions of cases (0.11%), specimens (0.1%), blocks (0.17%), and slides (0.11%). Errors in labeling appear nearly equally throughout the system of accessioning, gross pathology processing, and tissue cutting. Errors are typically detected in the immediate steps after the errors occurred, reinforcing the need for quality checks throughout the system.
The Effect of Ketone Defects on the Charge Transport and Charge Recombination in Polyfluorenes
Authors: Kuik Martijn , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Laddé Jurre G. , Nicolai Herman T. , Wildeman Jurjen , Sweelssen Jörgen , Blom Paul W. M.
Published: September 2011

The effect of on‐chain ketone defects on the charge transport of the polyfluorene derivative poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is investigated. Using MoO3 as ohmic hole contact, the hole transport in a pristine PFO diode is observed to be limited by space‐charge, whereas fluorenone contaminated PFO (PFO‐F) is shown to be trap limited by the occurrence of an exponential trap distribution with a trap depth of 0.18 eV. The electron transport in PFO is also observed to be trap limited, but in order to describe the electron transport of PFO‐F, an additional trap level with a depth of 0.46 eV must be introduced. The obtained energy levels of the fluorenone trapping sites are in close agreement with cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements reported in literature. As a result, the fluorenone defects are shown to simultaneously act as hole‐ and electron trap. Moreover, through ideality factor measurements, the green emission associated with these defects is observed to originate from trap‐assisted recombination.
Preparation of guar gum bonded with β‐cyclodextrin microspheres and the absorption on basic fuchsine
Authors: Zhang Xiuju , Zheng Shaojie , Lin Zhidan , Tan Shaozao
Published: September 2011

β‐Cyclodextrin microspheres (β‐CDMs) were prepared and then bonded to guar gum (GG). The structures of the precursor material and product were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Phenolphthalein and spectrophotometry were used to determine the content of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) in products. By changing environmental conditions and types of adsorbents, the adsorption capacities of polymers on basic fuchsine were studied. The results indicate that the absorption capacity was decreased accordingly when the pH value was reduced. The increase of temperature had no obvious influence on improving the absorption capacity from 40 to 60°C. When the mass ratio of chloropropyl hydroxyl GG to β‐CDMs to sodium carbonate was 0.6 : 0.8 : 1.0, with the reaction time of 2 h, the best adsorption capacity of 24 mg/g was achieved; this was in accordance with the results of the measurement of the content of β‐CD in the products. The higher content of β‐CDM was beneficial for improving the absorption capacity. By comparing its properties with the absorption capacity of traditional flocculating agents polyacrylamide and polaluminum chloride, the best absorption results for GG bonded with β‐CDMs were obtained. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Application of polysaccharide hydrogels in adsorption and controlled‐extended release of fertilizers processes
Authors: Bortolin Adriel , Aouada Fauze A. , de Moura Márcia R. , Ribeiro Caue , Longo Elson , Mattoso Luiz H. C.
Published: September 2011

This article studied the applicability of poly(acrylamide) and methylcellulose (PAAm‐MC) hydrogels as potential delivery vehicle for the controlled‐extended release of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) fertilizers. PAAm‐MC hydrogels with different acrylamide (AAm) and MC concentrations were prepared by a free radical polymerization method. The adsorption and desorption kinetics of fertilizers were determined using conductivity measurements based on previously built analytical curve. The addition of MC in the PAAm chains increased the quantities of (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 loaded and extended the time and quantities of fertilizers released. Coherently, both loading and releasing processes were strongly influenced by hydrophilic properties of hydrogels (AAm/MC mass proportion). The best sorption (124.0 mg KH2PO4/g hydrogel and 58.0 mg (NH4)2SO4/g hydrogel) and desorption (54.9 mg KH2PO4/g hydrogel and 49.5 mg (NH4)2SO4/g hydrogel) properties were observed for 6.0% AAm–1.0% MC hydrogels (AAm/MC mass proportion equal 6), indicating that these hydrogels are potentially viable to be used in controlled‐extended release of fertilizers systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Metal‐Organic Niccolite: Synthesis, Structures, Phase Transition, and Magnetic Properties of [CH3NH2(CH2)2NH2CH3][M2(HCOO)6] (M=divalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn)
Authors: Li Meng‐Yuan , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song
Published: September 2011

We report the synthesis, crystal structures, thermal and magnetic characterizations of a family of metal‐organic frameworks adopting the niccolite (NiAs) structure, [dmenH22+][M2(HCOO)62−] (dmen=N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine; M=divalent Mn, 1Mn; Fe, 2Fe; Co, 3Co; Ni, 4Ni; Cu, 5Cu; and Zn, 6Zn). The compounds could be synthesized by either a diffusion method or directly mixing reactants in methanol or methanol–water mixed solvents. The five members, 1Mn, 2Fe, 3Co, 4Ni, and 6Zn are isostructural and crystallize in the trigonal space group P$\bar 3$1c, while 5Cu crystallizes in C2/c. In the structures, the octahedrally coordinated metal ions are connected by anti–anti formate bridges, thus forming the anionic NiAs‐type frameworks of [M2(HCOO)62−], with dmenH22+ located in the cavities of the frameworks. Owing to the Jahn–Teller effect of the Cu2+ ion, the 3D framework of 5Cu consists of zigzag Cu‐formate chains with CuOCHOCu connections through short basal CuO bonds, further linked by the long axial CuO bonds. 6Zn exhibits a phase transition probably as a result of the order–disorder transition of the dmenH22+ cation around 300 K, confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and single crystal X‐ray diffraction patterns under different temperatures. Magnetic investigation reveals that the four magnetic members, 1Mn, 2Fe, 3Co, and 4Ni, display spin‐canted antiferromagnetism, with a Néel temperature of 8.6 K, 19.8 K, 16.4 K, and 33.7 K, respectively. The Mn, Fe, and Ni members show spin‐flop transitions below 50 kOe. 2Fe possesses a large hysteresis loop with a large coercive field of 10.8 kOe. The Cu member, 5Cu, shows overall antiferromagnetism (both inter‐ and intra‐chains) with low‐dimensional characteristics.
Face recognition performance of individuals with Asperger syndrome on the Cambridge face memory test
Authors: Hedley Darren , Brewer Neil , Young Robyn
Published: September 2011

Although face recognition deficits in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including Asperger syndrome (AS), are widely acknowledged, the empirical evidence is mixed. This in part reflects the failure to use standardized and psychometrically sound tests. We contrasted standardized face recognition scores on the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) for 34 individuals with AS with those for 42, IQ‐matched non‐ASD individuals, and age‐standardized scores from a large Australian cohort. We also examined the influence of IQ, autistic traits, and negative affect on face recognition performance. Overall, participants with AS performed significantly worse on the CFMT than the non‐ASD participants and when evaluated against standardized test norms. However, while 24% of participants with AS presented with severe face recognition impairment (>2 SDs below the mean), many individuals performed at or above the typical level for their age: 53% scored within +/− 1 SD of the mean and 9% demonstrated superior performance (>1 SD above the mean). Regression analysis provided no evidence that IQ, autistic traits, or negative affect significantly influenced face recognition: diagnostic group membership was the only significant predictor of face recognition performance. In sum, face recognition performance in ASD is on a continuum, but with average levels significantly below non‐ASD levels of performance. Autism Res 2011,4:449–455. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pyrene‐Containing Peptide‐Based Fluorescent Organogels: Inclusion of Graphene into the Organogel
Authors: Adhikari Bimalendu , Nanda Jayanta , Banerjee Arindam
Published: September 2011

The N‐terminally pyrene‐conjugated oligopeptide, Py‐Phe‐Phe‐Ala‐OMe, (Py=pyrene 1‐butyryl acyl) forms transparent, stable, supramolecular fluorescent organogels in various organic solvents. One of these organogels was thoroughly studied using various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photolumininiscence (PL) spectroscopy, and rheology. Unfunctionalized and non‐oxidized graphene was successfully incorporated into this fluorescent organogel in o‐dichlorobenzene (ODCB) to form a stable hybrid organogel. Graphene is well dispersed into the gel medium by using non‐covalent π–π stacking interactions with the pyrene‐conjugated gelator peptide. In the presence of graphene, the minimum gelation concentration (mgc) of the hybrid organogel was lowered significantly. This suggests that there is a favorable interaction between the graphene and the gelator peptide within the hybrid organogel system. This hybrid organogel was characterized using TEM, AFM, FTIR, PL, and rheological studies. The TEM study of graphene‐containing hybrid organogel revealed the presence of both graphene sheets and entangled gel nanofibers. The AFM study indicated the presence of 3 to 4 layers in exfoliated graphene in ODCB and the presence of both graphene nanosheets and the network of gel nanofibers in the hybrid gel system. The rheological investigation suggested that the flow of the hybrid organogel had become more resistant towards the applied angular frequency upon the incorporation of graphene into the organogel. The hybrid gel is about seven times more rigid than that of the native gel.
In Situ Phosphine Oxide Reduction: A Catalytic Appel Reaction
Authors: van Kalkeren Henri A. , Leenders Stefan H. A. M. , Hommersom C. Rianne A. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , van Delft Floris L.
Published: September 2011

Several important reactions in organic chemistry thrive on stoichiometric formation of phosphine oxides from phosphines. To avoid the resulting burden of waste and purification, cyclic phosphine oxides were evaluated for new catalytic reactions based on in situ regeneration. First, the ease of silane‐mediated reduction of a range of cyclic phosphine oxides was explored. In addition, the compatibility of silanes with electrophilic halogen donors was determined for application in a catalytic Appel reaction based on in situ reduction of dibenzophosphole oxide. Under optimized conditions, alcohols were effectively converted to bromides or chlorides, thereby showing the relevance of new catalyst development and paving the way for broader application of organophosphorus catalysis by in situ reduction protocols.
Extramedullary intracranial localization of multiple myeloma and treatment with novel agents: A retrospective survey of 50 patients
Authors: Gozzetti Alessandro , Cerase Alfonso , Lotti Flavia , Rossi Davide , Palumbo Antonio , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Patriarca Francesca , Nozzoli Chiara , Cavo Michele , Offidani Massimo , Floridia Michele , Berretta Salvatore , Vallone Roberto , Musto Pellegrino , Lauria Francesco ,   for the GIMEMA (Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto) Myeloma Working Party
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND:

Intracranial involvement in multiple myeloma is extremely rare. The effect of new drugs (eg, thalidomide, bortezomib, lenalidomide) with respect to old drugs (eg, alkylators, steroids) has not been reported.

METHODS:

We collected clinical and biological data of patients presenting with an osteo‐dural or primary dural multiple myeloma (OD‐DMM) or a central nervous system myelomatosis (CNS‐MM) by sending a questionnaire to the centers of the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA).

RESULTS:

A total of 50 patients were registered. New therapies were used in 35 patients, whereas 15 patients received old treatments. Twenty‐five out of 50 patients obtained a complete remission or a very good partial remission (CR+VGPR). Overall survival (OS) for CNS‐MM was 6 months, for OD‐DMM 25 months. OS was 25 months for patients treated with new agents versus 8 months with old agents. Improved OS and progression‐free survival were predicted by response (CR+VGPR) and by patients who underwent stem cell transplantation versus chemotherapy. β2‐Microglobulin >5 mmol/L was a poor prognostic factor. Multivariate analysis showed poor survival for patients with β2‐microglobulin >5 mmol/L and better survival for patients achieving CR+VGPR.

CONCLUSIONS:

The overall data highlight the relevance of therapy with new drugs in intracranial myeloma, providing a framework for future clinical trials. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.