bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkish Student’s Perception about the Black Body Radiation, Photoelectric Effect and Compton Scattering Phenomena
Authors: Sadoglu Gunay Palic , Akdeniz Ali Riza
Published: August 2015

The goal of this study is to research Turkish student’s perception in the black body radiation, photoelectric effect and compton scattering phenomena. 26 11th grade students receiving education at a Turkish high school participated in the study. The black body radiation, photoelectric effect and compton scattering subjects were carried out throughout a 4 week period in 16 academic hours in accordance with the constructivist learning theory. 7 open-ended questions were applied as pre-study and post-study. This study is a descriptive research. Content analysis method was used in the study. While majority of students defined the black body as ‘a body that cools down the light falling upon it’ during the post-study, they gave examples of objects with black exterior and that these examples could not represent the black body radiation. Students could not identify the metal plates as anode and cathode in photocell circuit, so they could not predict the direction of current in photocell circuit correctly. Also, students had a misconception that light intensity is the light energy and, therefore, with the increase of light intensity, the kinetic energy of snatched electrons would increase and they would reach the plate faster. 
Students’ Attitudes, Perceptions, and Engagement within a Flipped classroom model as Related to Learning Mathematics
Authors: Moore Cary , Chung Chia-Jung
Published: August 2015

The flipped classroom is an instructional method that can provide additional face-to-face interaction time with students in the classroom by minimizing the amount of direct instruction used in a traditional classroom setting. In this study, students in a high school Algebra 2 class who experienced a flipped classroom environment were surveyed to examine their attitudes, perceptions, and engagement of the flipped classroom and the elements that contribute to learning mathematics. The survey also addressed how the flipped classroom could be a motivating factor in learning mathematics. The survey used both quantitative and qualitative research measures to provide a broader understanding of how students perceive the attributes of flipping the classroom. In addition, student interviews helped gain insight into participants’ feelings, attitudes, motivation, and engagement about mathematics due to the flipped classroom. Researcher observations and notes provided information as to student engagement within the classroom as a byproduct of using the inverted classroom instructional strategy. The results revealed that the perceptions and attitudes of the participants were generally positive in the flipped classroom environment. The students were motivated to use the web-based instructional videos to prepare for their expected learning outcomes.
La enseñanza a distancia de los SIG, en el marco de un modelo virtual participativo
Authors: Santos Preciado José Miguel
Published: August 2015

La progresiva implantación de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, en el campo de la enseñanza, está modificando muchos de los planteamientos educativos tradicionales, hasta el punto de obligar al profesorado, como motor esencial del proceso pedagógico, a tener presente como afectan a la estrategia del aprendizaje las nuevas formas de comunicación y de elaboración de los materiales y recursos docentes. El modelo característico de la enseñanza presencial, basado en el contacto directo profesor-alumno, lleva camino de transformase en un nuevo modelo, apoyado por el entorno virtual formativo, aunque distante, más flexible y eficaz en algunos de sus presupuestos. Estos entornos virtuales ofrecen a la enseñanza unas posibilidades de comunicación, que afectan a la forma de transmitir el conocimiento y también a los recursos docentes y estrategias educativas correspondientes. Estas nuevas circunstancias permiten plantearse la utilización de la metodología e-learning en la enseñanza de algunas materias específicas, como los “Sistemas de Información Geográfica”, que, por sus peculiares características, se amoldan bien al empleo de un modelo educativo de esta naturaleza. En este sentido, se exponen, en el trabajo que presentamos, a partir de la experiencia directa del autor, una serie de  sugerencias y recomendaciones para la elaboración de un curso virtual sobre SIG.  Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 89-109
La ocurrencia de incendios según distintos ambientes: análisis mediante sistemas de información geográfica y aplicaciones estadísticas
Authors: Villanueva SN , Serafini MC , Sione WF , Filippini OS
Published: August 2015

El territorio argentino, debido a su heterogeneidad geográfica, sufre la ocurrencia de incendios, siendo una de las principales causas de modificación de ambientes. Variables de índole natural y antrópicas inciden sobre este fenómeno. Actualmente, existen numerosos productos satelitales elaborados para cuantificar y representar la ocurrencia de incendios que integran tecnología de sensores remotos y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para realizar productos globales, estacionales y anuales de focos de calor a partir de imágenes MODIS. El objetivo general consiste en realizar un análisis comparativo entre un área de la llanura pampeana y otra del Parque Chaqueño para evaluar la probabilidad de ocurrencia de incendios según las variables ambientales, en un periodo de cinco años (2007-2011); en este trabajo se presentan los resultados logrados en el área del Parque Chaqueño. La metodología utilizada se basó en la generación de capas de información de las áreas bajo estudio (vegetación, temperatura, precipitaciones, distancia a las ciudades, etc.) que se interrelacionaron con los puntos de calor, obtenidos en base al producto MOD 14 extraídos del satélite Terra MODIS y AQUA, que se complementó con técnicas de análisis estadístico, basadas en el Modelo Lineal Generalizado. El uso de SIG, las técnicas estadísticas y de teledetección en conjunto contribuyen al análisis sistémico.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 160-173
Elaboración del mapa de ruido del área urbana de la Ciudad de Cuenca – Ecuador, empleando la técnica de interpolación geoestadística Kriging ordinario
Authors: Delgado Omar , Martínez Julia
Published: August 2015

El Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Cuenca, consiente de la presencia de un alto número de vehículos, acompañado por las actividades diarias cotidianas que involucran el comercio, la industria, el turismo, acciones que han hecho que las emisiones de ruido vayan en aumento; repercutiendo directamente en la salud de la población, plantea un estudio para conocer el estado de las emisiones de ruido en la ciudad, para lo cual suscribe con la Universidad del Azuay un convenio cuyo propósito es la elaboración del mapa de ruido.El estudio metodológicamente partió con la determinación de los sitios de muestreo sobre la base de la densidad de tráfico, luego se registraron las mediciones de ruido ambiente y posteriormente se sistematizó y evaluó la información levantada a través del método estadístico “kriging ordinario”, con lo cual se elabora el mapa de ruido de la ciudad. Adicionalmente se realizaron comparaciones con los parámetros establecidos en la reglamentación nacional señalada en el Texto Unificado de Legislación Ambiental Secundaria –TULAS- para emisiones sonoras, evaluando el comportamiento de los mismos.Los valores de los registros del monitoreo, superan los límites del TULAS, este hecho está vinculado al incremento del número de vehículos que circulan por el centro de la ciudad, así como las actividades diarias cotidianas que involucran el comercio, el turismo.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 411-440
Series cartográficas y base de datos de información geográfica producidas en España
Authors: González Matesanz Javier , García García Javier , Bermúdez González Juan Luis , Dalda Mourón Adolfo , Maza Vázquez Francisco
Published: August 2015

Las tareas de elaboración o actualización de la cartografía nacional de un país deben iniciarse con el análisis pormenorizado de las opciones disponibles, y aprovechar la experiencia y conocimientos adquiridos por otros productores en la elaboración de sus mapas, tanto en técnica como en estética. En el Instituto Geográfico Nacional se dispone de una amplia variedad de productos cartográficos básicos y derivados cubriendo una gran variedad de escalas y productos que van desde 1:25.000 hasta escalas muy pequeñas como 1:8.000.000. En algunas series se dispone de una dualidad entre la base de datos de Información Geográfica y la versión mapa o cartográfica de la misma. De esta forma, se conserva una resolución aproximadamente mitad en la base de datos, es decir BTN25 (Base Topográfica Nacional 1:25.000) tiene una resolución 1:10.000 (aproximadamente) como fuente principal de MTN25 (Mapa Topográfico Nacional), y BTN100 (Base Topográfica Nacional 1:100.000) con una resolución 1:100.000 que es el soporte fundamental del Mapa Provincial 1:200.000. Sin embargo, debido a los ciclos de vida de escalas pequeñas, por ejemplo 1:1.000.000, es necesario realizar en ellas actuaciones más frecuentes que en escalas grandes que deben ser aprovechadas en la medida de lo posible en estas escalas, aunque sea generalmente solo a nivel semántico.Revista Ciencias Espaciales, Volumen 8, Número 1 Primavera, 2015; 491-508
Comentario de textos de “El club de los supervivientes”
Authors: González Ruth
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 23, Junio-Diciembre 2013; 95-98
Reflexiones sobre el ser humano en la filosofía de José Ferrater Mora
Authors: Chanta René
Published: August 2015

El presente ensayo pretende aproximarse a algunas reflexiones sobre el ser humano que realizó José Ferrater Mora. Este filósofo muestra en su producción teórica una visión unitaria y global del ser humano. A la vez, realiza un diálogo con algunos representantes contemporáneos de la antropología filosófica. También, se mostrará que este pensador tenía un profundo espíritu humanista al mostrar su preocupación por el problema ecológico actual.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 89-102
“El paradigma de la pobreza evangélica y la dimensión social de la evangelización. Una lectura de la Evangelii Gaudium del Papa Francisco”
Authors: Echeverría Rolando
Published: August 2015

El autor aborda en esta conferencia, la dimensión social de la evangelización; la entiende, como el anuncio de la buena nueva de Jesucristo. Piensa que la dimensión social de la evangelización está muy vinculada con la actual situación económica y social, y que por ello es muy relevante para todos aquellos seres humanos que se comprometan con la transformación de esa realidad.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 51-66
Lo que tiene cabida (y lo que no la tiene) en el paradigma del Buen vivir
Authors: Armando González Luis
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 93-95
A contribuição da memória nos estudos de desenvolvimento rural: um olhar sobre as matas ciliares de Caraá, Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Demenighi Janine Da Silva , Kubo Rumi Regina
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho apresenta a perspectiva teórica da memória coletiva e o uso conjunto de ferramentas metodológicas distintas como proposta de compreensão das percepções de agricultores familiares sobre as áreas conhecidas como matas ciliares, de modo a subsidiar a reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento rural. Tendo como local de estudo o município de Caraá, Rio Grande do Sul, onde se encontra a nascente de um dos rios mais poluídos do Brasil – o Rio dos Sinos –, a pesquisa envolveu 25 famílias no período compreendido entre abril e junho de 2013. A partir dos instrumentos conhecidos como linha do tempo e mapa da área, além da realização de caminhadas de reconhecimento do local, os significados e usos das matas ciliares puderam ser identificados. Durante a construção da linha do tempo – em que os relatos foram expostos de forma livre e dentro de um contexto mais amplo da trajetória das famílias – os significados atribuídos às matas ciliares se mostraram diferentes daqueles expostos após o questionamento sobre o motivo pelo qual a área era mantida, sendo que nesse último caso prevaleceram os aspectos ecológicos. O desenho da área possibilitou um processo reflexivo sobre a configuração atual do espaço, e a maioria das famílias incluiu as matas ciliares na ilustração. A análise conjunta das informações obtidas a partir das distintas ferramentas metodológicas permitiu reconhecer diferentes percepções das matas ciliares, como sua relação com uma faixa estreita de vegetação, ao mesmo tempo que era citada como “preservada” ou “não usada”. Estudos de memória coletiva associando diferentes instrumentos metodológicos apresentam-se, dessa forma, como propostas desafiadoras na compreensão das percepções, constituindo-se como caminhos relevantes ao entendimento das complexidades inerentes ao meio rural.
MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS DE DIREITOS HUMANOS, REGIMES AUTORITÁRIOS E TRANSIÇÃO: ANÁLISE COMPARADA BRASIL E ARGENTINA
Authors: Cuco Arcénio Francisco , Bourscheid Junior Ivan , Marques Rodolfo Silva
Published: August 2015

O presente texto tem em vista analisar os fatores que influenciaram a atuação dos movimentos sociais de direitos humanos durante a vigência dos regimes autoritários e as implicações dos mesmos para a atuação dos movimentos no processo de transição democrática no Brasil e na Argentina. No trabalho, procuramos responder à seguinte questão: por que na Argentina houve uma grande mobilização dos movimentos sociais em busca de memória e justiça em relação ao regime da junta militar (1976-1983), diferentemente do que ocorreu no Brasil em relação ao governo militar de 1964-1985? Para estabelecermos uma explicação que permitisse alcançar os objetivos traçados neste trabalho, vimos que era necessário que na análise dos dados fossem conjugadas três categorias de fatores explicativos, que por sua vez facilitariam o estabelecimento de variáveis de comparação entre ambos os países. Dessa conjugação de fatores, apuramos que o processo histórico dos regimes autoritários tem um peso importante na análise da atuação dos movimentos sociais nesses países. Para a coleta de dados que sustenta a nossa base comparativa, privilegiamos a revisão bibliográfica.
RÉQUIEM PARA IVAN ILITCH: O PROBLEMA DA INTERPRETAÇÃO DO DIREITO NA LITERATURA DE TOLSTÓI
Authors: Trindade André Karam , Rosenfield Luis
Published: August 2015

O presente ensaio é parte dos resultados obtidos no projeto de pesquisa O Direito na Literatura: a representação dos juízes nas narrativas literárias. Assim, com base nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos dos estudos do Direito na Literatura, aliados à noção de “modelo de juiz”, formulada por François Ost, discute-se o papel do magistrado na novela A morte de Ivan Ilitch, de Lev Tolstói, publicada originalmente em 1886. Para tanto, reconstrói-se parte da história do direito czarista e, também, a conflituosa relação de Tolstói com a ciência jurídica. Ao final, propõe-se uma reflexão acerca da importância dessa novela do século XIX para a compreensão do problema da interpretação e da aplicação do Direito moderno.
Revista Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 1, Janeiro-Abril de 2015.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: August 2015

Dados gerais (sítio e endereço eletrônicos), Declaração de direito autoral, Política de privacidade, Revisores deste número, Diretrizes para autores, Exemplos para indicação das referências, Itens de verificação para submissão.Opção para compor versão impressa.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 1, Janeiro-Abril de 2015.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: August 2015

Dados gerais (sítio e endereço eletrônicos), Indexadores, Outras fontes, Expediente, Sumário. Opção para compor versão impressa.
Short communication. Comparison of the efficacy of Apiguard (thymol) and Apivar (amitraz) in the control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae)
Authors: Leza M. Mar , Lladó Gregori , Miranda-Chueca Miguel A.
Published: August 2015

The present study compared the efficacy of Apivar (a.i. amitraz) and Apiguard (a.i. thymol) in controlling the mite Varroa destructor during spring 2010 and autumn 2011, in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Number of fallen mites (NFM) was counted weekly and the efficacy of treatments was evaluated by using the percentage of reduction of the average daily fallen mites (%R). During spring assay, the average NFM was highly reduced in Apiguard (89.8%) compared to Apivar (64.3%) group, with significant differences between Apiguard and control group (untreated group) in post-treatment week. In autumn assay, Apivar and Apiguard colonies had an average reduction of the NFM of 17.9% and 30.8% respectively, showing a tendency in reduction between control and Apiguard group in post-treatment week. In both assays, %R was higher in Apiguard than in Apivar, but no significant differences were found between treatments in any of the seasons. Apiguard was less efficacious during November-December, probably due to the low external temperatures that hampered an optimal volatilization of the product. The lower efficacy of Apivar is probably related to the resistance of V. destructor to this chemical miticide, which has been used during the last 30 years. Results of this study showed that in Mediterranean conditions, spring is an appropriate period for applying Apiguard to the colonies, whereas application in late autumn would decrease the efficacy of the product. Apiguard may represent an alternative product for integrated control due to the low risk of mite resistance and residues in bee products.
The effects of three techniques that change the wetting patterns over subsurface drip-irrigated potatoes
Authors: Elnesr Mohammad N. , Alazba Abdurrahman A.
Published: August 2015

Wetting pattern enhancement is one of the goals of irrigation designers and researchers. In this study, we addressed three techniques (dual-lateral drip, intermittent flow and physical barrier methods) that change the wetting pattern of subsurface drip irrigation. To study their effect on the yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of potatoes, field experiments were conducted for four seasons, during which the soil-water balance was continuously monitored using a set of capacitance probes. The results of the soil water patterns showed that both the dual-lateral and intermittent techniques increased lateral water movement and eliminated deep percolation, whereas the physical barrier had a limited effect on the top soil layer. The crop results indicated that the yield and WUE increased significantly in response to the application of the dual-lateral drip (up to 30%); the intermittent application also positively affected the yield (~10%) and the WUE (~14%), but these effects were not statistically significant according to the statistical model. The physical barrier showed a non-significant negative effect on the yield and WUE. These findings suggest the following recommended practices: the use of dual-lateral drip technique due to its beneficial results and its potential for increasing yields and reducing water consumption; the application of intermittent flow with more than three surges; and restricting the use of physical barriers to soils with high permeability.
Short Communication. Embryo yield in llamas synchronized with two different intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices and superovulated with eCG
Authors: Aller Juan F. , Abalos Marcos C. , Acuña Francisco A. , Virgili Rosana , Requena Francisco , Cancino Andrea K.
Published: August 2015

The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of two intravaginal devices (ID) containing the same dose (0.5 g) of progesterone (P4) on subsequent ovarian response, embryo production and circulating P4 concentration profile in llamas (Lama glama) treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for ovarian superstimulation. Female llamas were randomly assigned (n = 10 llamas per group) to one of the following groups and treated (Day 0) with an ID containing 0.5 g of vegetal P4 to synchronize the emergence of a new follicular wave: i) DIB 0.5® and ii) Cronipres M15®. On Day 3 llamas were intramuscularly treated with 1000 IU of eCG. The IDs were removed on Day 7. Llamas were naturally mated (Day 9) and treated with GnRH analogue to induce ovulation. A second mating was allowed 24 h later. Embryos were collected between 7 and 8 days after the first mating. Blood samples were taken every day from Day 0 to Day 7 to measure circulating P4 concentrations. The results indicated that DIB device maintained greater plasma P4 levels as compared to Cronipres until Day 2. However, the mean (± SD) number of corpora lutea and recovered embryos was not affected (p < 0.05) by the type of ID (5.3 ± 2.6 vs 4.2 ± 2.2 and 3.5 ± 2.7 vs 2.6 ± 3.0 for DIB and Cronipres, respectively). In conclusion, both DIB and Cronipres devices can be successfully used to synchronize the emergence of follicular wave prior to a single dose of eCG in superovulation protocol in llamas.
Role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in tolerance response against Armillaria mellea in lavender
Authors: Calvet Cinta , Garcia-Figueres Francesc , Lovato Paulo , Camprubi Amelia
Published: August 2015

Lavender species form the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and are at the same time highly susceptible to white root rot. In an attempt to evaluate the response of mycorrhizal Lavandula angustifolia L. to Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr) P. Kumm in a greenhouse experiment, plants were previously inoculated with an isolate of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (former Glomus intraradices BEG 72) and the influence of the pH growing medium on the plant-symbiont-pathogen interaction was tested in gnotobiotic autotrophic growth systems in which mycorrhizal inoculum was obtained from root organ cultures. After ten months growth dual-inoculated lavender plants grown in containers with a pasteurized substrate mixture produced a similar number of spikes than healthy plants and achieved equivalent plant diameter coverage. When the growing medium in the autotrophic systems was supplemented with calcium carbonate, the inoculation of lavender plantlets with R. irregularis at higher pH (7.0 and 8.5) media caused a significant decrease of A. mellea presence in plant roots, as detected by qPCR. Moreover, the observation of internal root mycorrhizal infection showed that the extent of mycorrhizal colonization increasedin plant rootsgrown at higher pH, indicating that tolerance to white root rot in lavender plants inoculated with R. irregularis could be associated to mycorrhizal establishment.
Beyond Borders: Global Nursing Education for the Future
Authors: Ortega Johis , Mitchell Emma McKim , Peragallo Nilda
Published: August 2015

Most articles on nursing student study abroad experiences are one-sided case studies focusing on students and faculty from developed countries who travel to less developed countries. This article presents the perspectives of students from theUnited States, Chile, Mexico, and Taiwan, both sides of the international exchange experience. Students described the real-world, hands-on experience of immersion in a different health system and professional culture as transformational and having a significant impact on their nursing career goals. In an era of increasing globalization, cross-cultural experiences have great potential for nursing students on both sides of the exchange.
Hypervisors’ Guest Isolation Capacity Evaluation in the Private Cloud Using SIAGR Framework
Authors:   Department of CSE, OU, Hyderabad, 500007, India, Reddy P. Vijaya Vardhan , Rajamani Lakshmi
Published: August 2015

Hypervisor vendors do claim that they have negated virtualization overhead compared to a native system. They also state that complete guest isolation is achieved while running multiple guest operating systems (OSs) on their hypervisors. But in a virtualization environment which is a combination of hardware, hypervisor and virtual machines (VMs) with guest operating systems, there bound to be an impact on each guest operating system while other guest operating systems are fully utilizing their allotted system resources. It is interesting to study hypervisor’s guest isolation capacity while several guest operating systems running on it. This paper selected three hypervisors, namely ESXi 4.1, XenServer 6.0 and KVM (Ubuntu 12.04 Server) for the experimentation. The three hypervisors are prudently preferred as they represent three different categories (full virtualized, para-virtualized, and hybrid virtualized). Focus being on hypervisors’ guest isolation capacity evaluation, therefore, private cloud is chosen over public cloud as it has fewer security concerns. Private Cloud is created using apache’s CloudStack. Windows 7 OS is deployed as a guest VM on each hypervisor and their guest isolation capacity is evaluated for CPU and Network performances.
Guest Editor's Note: Pondering Diversity
Authors: Sableski Mary-Kate
Published: August 2015

I heard a story on the radio recently about Misty Copeland and Brooklyn Mack, two African American ballet dancers who starred in a production of Swan Lake by the Washington Ballet. It was the first time ever two black dancers starred in the production, and its significance lay in the symbolism inherent in the story of the beautiful white swan that falls in love with the handsome prince.
Day of Diversity: Extending the Dialogue, Encouraging the Action
Authors: Dahlen Sarah Park , Pelayo-Lozada Lessa Kanani’opua
Published: August 2015

In January, we participated in ALSC and the Children’s Book Council’s ALA 2015 Midwinter preconference, Day of Diversity: Dialogue and Action in Children’s Literature and Programming in Chicago. The goal of the event was to bring together leaders in children’s literature and literacy to discuss strategies for ensuring that all children have access to diverse literature and library programming.
On Being White: A Raw, Honest Conversation
Authors: Bruce Allie Jane
Published: August 2015

I’m white. But I didn’t start describing myself that way until adulthood. In fact, I doggedly avoided it. In high school, I once crossed out “white” and wrote “half Jewish” on a standardized test. I knew I was white, but I also knew thatit was not good to name whiteness. Black history, we could talk about, in Social Studies (during certain units). Latino cultures were celebrated (or, at least, acknowledged) in my Spanish classes. But the whiteness that served as the foundation for the other 99 percent of my life was taboo. Nobody ever said “as a white girl, I think . . .” or “white people like us . . .” in my (totallywhite) circles.
Awards that Celebrate Diversity in Children’s Literature
Authors: Schulte-Cooper Laura
Published: August 2015

So, you have just read “Day of Diversity: Extending the Dialogue, Encouraging the Action” (page 23) and you are eager to buy and promote diverse books, and read and support award-winning books given by diverse groups. But, where do you start? Right here! Below we’ve listed a sampling of book awards and recommended reading lists that highlight high-quality literature for young people about diverse peoples and triumphs of the human spirit.
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an anatomically distinct subclass
Authors: Menegas William , Bergan Joseph F , Ogawa Sachie K , Isogai Yoh , Umadevi Venkataraju Kannan , Osten Pavel , Uchida Naoshige , Watabe-Uchida Mitsuko
Published: August 2015

Combining rabies-virus tracing, optical clearing (CLARITY), and whole-brain light-sheet imaging, we mapped the monosynaptic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting to different targets (different parts of the striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc) in mice. We found that most populations of dopamine neurons receive a similar set of inputs rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. A common feature among most populations of dopamine neurons was the existence of dense ‘clusters’ of inputs within the ventral striatum. However, we found that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum were outliers, receiving relatively few inputs from the ventral striatum and instead receiving more inputs from the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and zona incerta. These results lay a foundation for understanding the input/output structure of the midbrain dopamine circuit and demonstrate that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum constitute a unique class of dopamine neurons regulated by different inputs.
Female Adolescent With Quadricuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Choji Cam Long , Selvaraj Nemalan , Prather John
Published: August 2015

Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital heart defect. The authors present a case of this anomaly in a young, asymptomatic adolescent who presented to the echocardiography laboratory for further evaluation of a cardiac murmur detected on routine physical examination. Imaging revealed a quadricuspid aortic valve with aortic regurgitation. This case highlights the importance of auscultation in detecting cardiac abnormalities.
A Bedside Risk Calculator to Preoperatively Distinguish Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma from Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Englum Brian R. , Pura John , Reed Shelby D. , Roman Sanziana A. , Sosa Julie A. , Scheri Randall P.
Published: August 2015

Background

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FV‐PTC) are difficult entities to distinguish based on cytology prior to pathologic evaluation of surgical specimens but may have different treatment algorithms. The current study describes trends in rates of FTC versus FV‐PTC in the U.S. and develops a risk assessment tool to aid clinicians in predicting final diagnosis and shaping treatment plans.

Methods

Relative rates of FTC and FV‐PTC in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database were evaluated for temporal trends from 1988 to 2011. Using multivariable logistic regression, a simplified scoring system was developed to estimate the risk of FTC versus FV‐PTC using patient and tumor characteristics. The National Cancer Data Base was used for model validation.

Results and Discussion

Of 115,091 thyroid cancer cases in the SEER database from 1988 to 2011, 23,980 involved FTC (n = 5056; 21 %) or FV‐PTC (n = 18,924; 79 %). In 1988, half of follicular cases were FV‐PTC; however, FV‐PTC accounted for over 85 % of these lesions by 2010. Increasing age >45 years, male gender, black race, increasing tumor size, and distant metastases were strongly associated with increased risk of FTC, while lymph node disease and extrathyroidal extension were associated with FV‐PTC. A bedside risk assessment nomogram using these preoperative variables classified patient risk of FTC from 2 to 70 %. FV‐PTC has become the dominant malignancy with follicular cytology, accounting for >85 % of these cases. A simple bedside risk assessment tool can risk stratify patients with follicular lesions and inform patient and clinician discussions and decision making.
A Comparative Validation of Primary Surgical Versus Post‐neo‐adjuvant Chemotherapy Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Stage III Breast Cancers
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Rajan Sendhil , Gambhir Sanjay , Lal Punita , Krishnani Narendra , Kheruka Subhash
Published: August 2015

Introduction

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard of care for staging N0 primary early breast cancers (EBC). Patients in developing countries mostly present with large (LOBC) or locally advanced cancers (LABC) and are treated with neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Accuracy of SLNB in staging stage III N0 and post‐NACT N0 patients is uncertain. This prospective validation study on LOBC/LABC patients compared the accuracy of SLNB between primary versus post‐NACT surgery.

Materials and methods

Fifty T3/T4, N0 patients undergoing primary surgery (Group I) and 70 LOBC/LABC (index stage) treated with NACT and N0 at the time of surgery (Group II) were inducted. Validation SLNB was performed using low‐cost methylene‐blue and 99mTc‐Antimony colloid. SLN identification (IR) and false‐negative (FNR) rates were compared between the groups. Sub‐group analysis was done in Group II per index tumor and nodal stage to identify factors predicting SLN IR and FNR in post‐NACT patients. SLN IR and FNR in both groups were compared with those in previously published SLN validation study and meta‐analysis in EBC.

Results

Using combination of blue‐dye and radio‐colloid, post‐NACT SLN IR and FNR (82.9, 13.5 %) were far inferior to T3/T4 primary surgery group (94, 7.7 %; p values 0.034, 0.041) and in EBC. SLN IR using blue‐dye alone was dismally low in post‐NACT LABCs. Factors predicting unidentified post‐NACT SLN and false‐negative SLNB included young age, LVI, skin infiltration, extra‐nodal spread or N2a stage, and UOQ tumors.

Conclusions

Accuracy of SLNB in T3, N0 tumors undergoing primary surgery is comparable to that of SLNB for N0 EBC. In post‐NACT patients, SLNB IR are lower and FNR are higher. Factors predictive of non‐identification and false‐negative SLNB include pre‐NACT skin involvement (T4b), N2a stage or extra‐nodal invasion and LVI, and to a lesser extent, young age and UOQ location of the tumor.
Shape optimization problems with Robin conditions on the free boundary
Authors: Bucur Dorin , Giacomini Alessandro
Published: August 2015

We provide a free discontinuity approach to a class of shape optimization problems involving Robin conditions on the free boundary. More precisely, we identify a large family of domains on which such problems are well posed in a way that the extended problem can be considered a relaxed version of the corresponding one on regular domains, we prove existence of a solution and obtain some qualitative information on the optimal sets.
Clinical Issues‐September 2015
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A. , Brubaker Scott A.
Published: August 2015

This Month

Surgical wound classification

Key words: wound classification, documentation, surgical site infection.

Storing and using small, prefilled containers of formalin in the OR

Key words: formalin, formaldehyde, eyewash stations, Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Latex‐free environments for tissue recovery and organ procurement procedures

Key words: allografts, organ donation, tissue recovery, latex sensitivity, latex‐free environment.

Covering facial hair in semirestricted and restricted areas

Key words: facial hair, beards, surgical masks.

Covering ears in semirestricted and restricted areas

Key words: ears, pierced earrings, surgical head coverings.
Back to Basics: The Perioperative Surgical Home
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: August 2015

The Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is designed to improve care for patients, decrease health care costs, and transform the way in which clinicians deliver primary care. The PCMH is a model for primary care delivery that encompasses comprehensive patient‐centered care that is coordinated across all settings and provides accessible services and community support as needed with shorter wait times, enhanced hours, and around‐the‐clock telephone or electronic access for patient needs. In addition, providers use evidence‐based practice and clinical decision support tools to provide the best possible care to patients. This article discusses how the model originated and provides a how‐to guide and strategies for success in implementing this model of care.
Implementing a Perioperative RN Training Program for Recent Graduates
Authors: Byrd Debra , Mullen Linda , Renfro David , Harris Theodore A.
Published: August 2015

In 2010, nurse educators at one health care facility implemented a new program that emphasized placing new graduates in specialty areas, including the hemodialysis unit, the gastroenterology unit, and the OR. Managers in the OR faced staffing challenges because of the difficulty in recruiting and retaining experienced perioperative nurses and the expected retirement of a significant number of staff members. Surgical services managers agreed to participate in the new graduate program and decided to use AORN's Periop 101™ course and a series of monthly simulation training sessions to supplement the program and provide recently graduated nurses with a strong perioperative nursing foundation. In three years, a total of nine newly graduated RNs successfully completed the program. The three‐year retention rate was 78%.
Survey Analysis of an Ambulatory Surgical Checklist for Patient Use
Authors: Fernando Rohesh J. , Shapiro Fred E. , Urman Richard D.
Published: August 2015

Although checklists are used as tools for providers, they have not been adequately explored as tools for patients. The purpose of this study was to survey the stakeholders on the usefulness of an ambulatory surgical checklist for patients. We performed a cross‐sectional study through a survey designed to include both patients and providers. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed based on responses from 35 patients and 52 providers. Overall, 94% of patients and 83% of providers thought the checklist would be beneficial for patients. In addition, 37% of providers indicated potential barriers to checklist implementation, including fear of confusing the patient, making patients doubt the care they were receiving, taking too much time, and lack of resources. Based on survey responses, the study suggests that the ambulatory surgical checklist can potentially facilitate patient education, enable more active patient participation, increase patient satisfaction, and decrease patient anxiety.
Cochlear hair cells: The sound‐sensing machines
Authors: Goutman Juan D. , Elgoyhen A. Belén , Gómez-Casati María Eugenia
Published: August 2015

The sensory epithelium of the mammalian inner ear contains two types of mechanosensory cells: inner (IHC) and outer hair cells (OHC). They both transduce mechanical force generated by sound waves into electrical signals. In their apical end, these cells possess a set of stereocilia representing the mechanosensing organelles. IHC are responsible for detecting sounds and transmitting the acoustic information to the brain by converting graded depolarization into trains of action potentials in auditory nerve fibers. OHC are responsible for the active mechanical amplification process that leads to the fine tuning and high sensitivity of the mammalian inner ear. This active amplification is the consequence of the ability of OHC to alter their cell length in response to changes in membrane potential, and is controlled by an efferent inhibitory innervation. Medial olivocochlear efferent fibers, originating in the brainstem, synapse directly at the base of OHC and release acetylcholine. A very special type of nicotinic receptor, assembled by α9α10 subunits, participates in this synapse. Here we review recent knowledge and the role of both afferent and efferent synapse in the inner ear.
Microgravity influences circadian clock oscillation in human keratinocytes
Authors: Ranieri Danilo , Cucina Alessandra , Bizzarri Mariano , Alimandi Maurizio , Torrisi Maria Rosaria
Published: August 2015

Microgravity and sudden changes of gravitational forces exert numerous effects on tissues, organs and apparatus. Responses to these forces variably applied to cells indicate the existence of mechanotransduction pathways able to modulate transcription. Oscillation of circadian clocks similarly influences many cellular and metabolic processes. Here we hypothesized that signals derived from changes of gravitational forces applied to epidermal cells might influence their physiology in harmony with the oscillation of the molecular clock. In this study, we describe amplified oscillations ofBmal1 circadian clock gene in human keratinocytes exposed to short simulated microgravity and to rapid variation of gravitational forces. We found that exposure to microgravity enhances the amplitude of the Bmal1 feedback loop sustained by an apparently lower variability ofRev‐erbα transcription, while recovery from microgravity is characterized by increased amplitude of Bmal1 expression and elongation of the oscillatory periods of Bmal1 and Rev‐erbα. These data highlight the existence of integrated signaling network connecting mechanosensitive pathways to circadian gene regulation.
Rezeptive Wortschatz- und Grammatikkompetenzen von Fünfjährigen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Relikowski Ilona , Schneider Thorsten , Linberg Tobias
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung. Der rezeptive Sprachstand im Deutschen wurde bei 5-jährigen Kindergartenkindern mit türkischem und sowjetischem Migrationshintergrund im Vergleich zu Kindern ohne Migrationshintergrund aus bildungssoziologischer Perspektive untersucht. Mit Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) wurden unter Verwendung von Mehrebenenmodellen Einflüsse der Familien und der Kindertageseinrichtung (KiTa) analysiert. Im Vergleich zu Kindern ohne Migrationshintergrund erwies sich der Rückstand bei Kindern, deren Eltern beide in der Türkei geboren wurden, am größten. Durch Berücksichtigung sozialstruktureller und prozessualer Familienmerkmale reduzierten sich diese Differenzen. Variationen innerhalb der Gruppe von Zuwanderern ließen sich über den familialen Sprachgebrauch, die Muttersprache des Kindes und das Alter beim Eintritt in die KiTa erklären. Der Migrantenanteil einer KiTa trug nur unwesentlich zur Aufklärung der Kompetenzunterschiede bei.
Deutschkenntnisse von Kindern statusniedriger und statushoher Einwanderergruppen
Authors: Keller Karin , Troesch Larissa M. , Loher Sarah , Grob Alexander
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung. Vorliegende Studie untersucht die Bedeutung selbsteingeschätzter elterlicher Deutschkenntnisse und des Besuchs einer familienergänzenden Einrichtung für die Deutschkenntnisse von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, ob und inwiefern sich der familiale und der extrafamiliale Spracherwerbskontext von Kindern von statusniedrigen Einwanderergruppen (SNE) und statushohen Einwanderergruppen (SHE) unterscheidet und welche relative Bedeutung den beiden Kontexten zukommt. Die Daten stammen aus einer im Kanton Basel-Stadt flächendeckend durchgeführten Fragebogenerhebung bei Eltern von dreijährigen Kindern. Sowohl die elterlichen Deutschkenntnisse als auch der Besuch einer familienergänzenden Einrichtung hatten signifikante Effekte auf die mittels Fragebogen erfassten Deutschkenntnisse der Kinder, wobei die Bedeutung der Entwicklungskontexte differenziert nach Einwanderergruppen unterschiedlich ausfiel. Bei SHE vermochten insbesondere die Deutschkenntnisse der Eltern Varianz in den Deutschkenntnissen der Kinder zu erklären, während die Prädiktion bei SNE vor allem durch den Besuch einer familienergänzenden Einrichtung erfolgte.
Solvothermal synthesis of superhydrophobic hollow carbon nanoparticles from a fluorinated alcohol
Authors: Lyth S. M. , Ma W. , Liu J. , Daio T. , Sasaki K. , Takahara A. , Ameduri B.
Published: August 2015

A new and simple method of synthesizing fluorinated carbon at the gram scale is presented by reacting a fluorinated alcohol with sodium at elevated temperatures in a sealed Teflon reactor.
Ultrathin efficient perovskite solar cells employing a periodic structure of a composite hole conductor for elevated plasmonic light harvesting and hole collection
Authors: Long Mingzhu , Chen Zefeng , Zhang Tiankai , Xiao Yubin , Zeng Xiaoliang , Chen Jian , Yan Keyou , Xu Jianbin
Published: August 2015

We report a molecule/polymer composite hole transporting material (HTM) with a periodic microstructure for optical and electronic enhancement for high performance perovskite solar cells.
A poly(polyoxometalate)-b-poly(hexanoic acid) block copolymer: synthesis, self-assembled micelles and catalytic activity
Authors: Miao Wen-Ke , Yi Ang , Yan Yu-Kun , Ren Li-Jun , Chen Da , Wang Chun-Hong , Wang Wei
Published: August 2015

A poly(polyoxometalate)-polymer hybrid block copolymer (H-BCP) was preparedviaring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The H-BCP self-assembles into hybrid micelles with a poly(polyoxometalate) shell and a polymer core in acetonitrile.
Insights into the low surface area of conjugated microporous polymers and methodological suggestion for the enhancement of porosity
Authors: Kim Bolyong , Park Nojin , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Son Seung Uk
Published: August 2015

This work shows that the porosity of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) can be controlled by screening the phosphine ligands of palladium catalysts in the Sonogashira coupling of alkyne and halide building blocks.
Self-supported composites of thin Pt–Sn crosslinked nanowires for the highly chemoselective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde under ambient conditions
Authors: Dai Lin-Xiu , Zhu Wei , Lin Mu , Zhang Zhi-Ping , Gu Jun , Wang Yu-Hao , Zhang Ya-Wen
Published: August 2015

PtSn/SnO2crosslinked nanowires with forming Pt–Sn alloy were highly chemoselective for hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol in good recyclability and stability under ambient conditions.
A bis(1H-pyridin-2-one)salen Eu(iii) complex for vapoluminescence sensing
Authors: Shu Yu-Bo , Liu Wei-Sheng
Published: August 2015

A bis(1H-pyridin-2-one)salen Eu(iii) complex shows strong sensitized luminescence and vapoluminescence sensing.
Coulombic interaction in Finnish middle school chemistry: a systemic perspective on students' conceptual structure of chemical bonding
Authors: Joki Jarkko , Lavonen Jari , Juuti Kalle , Aksela Maija
Published: August 2015

The aim of this study was to design a novel and holistic way to teach chemical bonding at the middle school level according to research on the teaching and learning of bonding. A further aim was to investigate high achieving middle school students' conceptual structures concerning chemical bonding by using a systemic perspective. Students in one metropolitan area middle school were introduced to this newly designed model and their conceptual structures were studied by a clinical interview (n= 8) at the time when the students were concluding their studies at the middle school. The interview data were analysed by employing a systemic perspective on conceptual structures. Elements of conceptual structures such as concepts, simple models (mnemonic devices), explaining schemas, attributes and hypothesis constructs were identified and coded. Connections between the knowledge elements were also identified. An understanding of these connections helps to illuminate which components are necessary to build an adequate conceptual structure. The study revealed that applying principles relating to Coulombic interaction to understand chemical bonding requires the simultaneous appreciation of several factors: First, electron shells have to be understood in terms of energy levels. Second, the distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus has to be understood on the basis of electron shell construction. On the other hand, the effective nuclear charge also needs to be taken into account. The study introduces two new points of view to chemistry education research (CER): (1) a teaching model of chemical bonding that emphasises electric interaction as the background of most bonding types was developed in the study. This responds to the identified need in CER to test alternative teaching models that avoid the octet framework. (2) In the field of chemistry education research, a systemic approach has not previously been widely used for the examination of conceptual structures. In addition, the systemic perception of the network structure, which consists of these constructions, helps to explain in more detail the relationship between the separate concepts and the constructions and their significance as a whole.
Size and bandgap tunability in Bi2S3 colloidal nanocrystals and its effect in solution processed solar cells
Authors: Bernechea María , Cao Yiming , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: August 2015

Band gap tunability with size is presented for colloidal Bi2S3 nanocrystals and its effect in solar cells is studied.