bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH ESOP, LEVERAGE, AND UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Isbanah Yuyun
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to observe the influence of the ESOP, leverage, and firm size on the financial performance, either simultaneously or partially. Financial performance is measured by return on assets (ROA), return on investment (ROE), and net profit margin (NPM). The sample used in this study is a non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and announced the ESOP during the year 2010 to 2013. Methods that use multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study indicate that simultaneous from the ESOP, the size of leverage, and the company has a significant impact on financial performance measured by ROA and NPM. Partially ESOP has no effect on ROE. Leverage and firm size negatively affect ROA. ESOP, leverage, and firm size simultaneously has no effect on the financial performance as measured by ROE. ESOP and leverage partially no effect on ROE. Firm size negatively affect ROE. ESOP and firm size has no effect on NPM. Leverage negative effect on NPM. Based on these results we recommend investors need to consider other factors beyond the studied variables that can be used to describe the maximum performance appraisal. ABSTRAKSITujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati pengaruh ESOP, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Kinerja perusahaan diukur dengan return on assets (ROA), return on investment (ROE), serta net profit margin (NPM). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan-perusahaan non keuangan yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia serta mengumumkan ESOP pada periode 2010 s/d 2013. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel ESOP, leverage, serta ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan yang diukur dengan ROA dan NPM. Secara parsial ESOP tidak mempunyai pengaruh terhadap ROE. Sedangkan secara parsial leverage serta ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap ROA. ESOP, leverage, serta ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan yang diukur dengan ROE. ESOP dan leverage secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap ROE. Ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap ROE. ESOP dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadapNPM. Leverage berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap NPM. Atas hasil penelitian ini direkomendasikanagar para investor mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang lain di luar variabel-variabel penelitian iniyang dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan penilaian kinerja secara maksimal.
PENGARUH ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA MELALUI MANIPULASI AKTIVITAS RIIL
Authors: Wicaksono Agung
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the effect of information asymmetry on earnings management through real activities manipulation. Real activities manipulation was abserved through cash flow from operations. Companies included in LQ-45 Index from from 2009 to 2011 used as sample. Data was obtained from Indonesia Capital Market Directory of Investment Galery of Janabadra University. Results from multiple regression analysis shows that information asymmetry are positive significant for real activities manipulation through cash flow from operations. The results are consistent with Richardson (1998), Roychoduwury (2006), Rahmawati et.al (2006) Deng and Ong (2013), and Lasdi (2013).ABSTRAKSI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh asimetri informasi terhadap manajemen laba melalui manipulasi aktivitas riel. Manipulasi aktivitas riel diamati melalui arus kas operasi. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang tergabung dalam Indeks LQ-45 dari tahun 2009 sampai dengan 2011. Data diperoleh dari Indonesia Capital Market Directory of Investement. Hasil dari analisis regresi berganda menunjukkan bahwa asimetri informasi berpengaruh secara positif signifikan terhadap manipulasi aktivitas riel melalui arus kas operasi. Hasil penelitian ini konsisten dengan temuan Richardson (1998), Roychoduwury (2006), Rahmawati et.al (2006) Deng and Ong (2013), dan Lasdi (2013).
Başkent Üniversitesi Hastanesine Trafik Kazası Nedeniyle Başvuran Adli Olguların İncelenmesi
Authors: Yaşar Zehtiye Füsun , Büken Erhan
Published: December 2015

Objective: In this study the judicial notification reports of patients, who were consulted to the Emergency Department of of Başkent Unıversity Ankara Hospital as a result of traffic accident happened in the year 2013 was examined in retrospective way and besides the age, gender the place of the accident, type of accident, accident time, injury type and location, the aim was also the evaluation of the deficiencies of the prepared reports.Materials and Methods: The sample of the study, which has definitive feature is comprised of 2397 judicial notification reports, which were prepared in 2013 at Başkent University Ankara Hospital Emergency Service. The study includes the evaluation of 553 (23.07%) of traffic accidents of these reports.Results: The 553 judicial notification reports that were in the study include 38.52% women, 47.92% men, 6.51 % girl and 7.05% boy. 536 case, age information of which were reached, comprises of individuals which are between the ages of <18 (13.97%), 18-40 (51.95%), 41-63 (24,58%), ≥ 64 (9,49%). The 67.81% of the accidents are inside the vehicle, 29.48% of them are out of vehicle traffic accidents. Out of 407 cases with lesion findings, 329 have single system injuries. Head-neck (n:123, 30.23%) and lower extremity injuries (n: 101, 24.82%) rank first and second place respectively.The data of high consultation demand in orthopedic and neurosurgery clinics because of this localizations was obtained. It is determined that only 1.88% (n:10) of the injuries of the applied patients because of traffic accidents have vital risk...
Iatrogenic Foreign Body in the Heart in Relation to Possible Malpractice and Its Consequences a Case Report
Authors: Karnecki Karol , Kaliszan Michał , Jankowski Zbigniew
Published: December 2015

The paper presents the case of a 55-year-old man whose body was found at home at the foot of the stairs. The inspection of the body at the scene showed that the probable cause of the man’s death was positional asphyxia after falling down the stairs. The forensic autopsy revealed a 10-cm-long tip of a nephrostomy catheter. To determine the time and circumstances of the foreign body’s entry into the heart and its possible impact on the man’s death, the medical history was analyzed. It indicated that the piece of the catheter entered the circulatory system during surgery performed few years before man’s death. The results of the postmortem examination, taking into consideration the obtained medical information, excluded the foreign body in the right ventricle of the heart as a contributory cause of the man’s death.
Matrisit ve Suisidal Düşünceleri Olan Ergen Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Polat Berna , Yıldırım Veli , Toros Fevziye
Published: December 2015

Matricide can be defined as the murder of mother by her son or daughter. The study conducted to investigate the relationship among biological, physiological and environmental affect on behavioural homicide such as matricide are seem rarely in literature and it is also hard defined acquired information about this issue. This case report was presented to contribute the literature about this kind of situation.
Anne ve Çocuklarının Suda Boğulma Yöntemi ile İkili Ölümü Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Karbeyaz Kenan , Akkaya Harun , Balcı Yasemin
Published: December 2015

There are rare cases of homicide-suicide by drowning for both murderer and victim or victims. In this study, presenting the mother who committed suicide by throwing herself into water after murdering her two children by same method. The mother in this case, a women 25 years who had been married for six years. She killed her two children (one of them is 5-years-old and the other is six months old) by throwing them into water, and she also committed suicide by jumping into the water. The case of the mother who committed suicide by throwing herself into the water after murdering her two children by throwing them into water is a rare condition. The case is found worthy for discussion of the manner of deaths and the reasons leading the mother to suicide and murder her children.
Trafikte Yol Kenarı Alkol Uyuşturucu ve Uyarıcı Tarama Testleri Tarihçesi Gelişimi ve Günümüzde Kullanımı
Authors: Aşırdizer Mahmut , Hekimoğlu Yavuz
Published: December 2015

In 1769, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot's car hit a wall during test runs with steam power in France. This accident is considered as the first automobile accident in history. In a traffic accident occurred in 1897, a taxi driver, George Smith collided his car to a building and his car was damaged. This case recorded to history of traffic accidents as first case of driving under the influence of alcohol. Nowadays, traffic accidents have defined as one of most important problems of the world by high rates of morbidity and mortality as the parallel to the rise from past to present of the number of vehicles and population. In several previous studies, it was emphasized that there was a correlation with usage of drugs and alcohol of drivers and the number of traffic accidents and increasing of risk of injury and death due to traffic accidents. In this study, it was aimed compilation and submission of information on the history, evolution and usage of the road side tests in the present day, following the presentation of general information about the history of traffic accidents, status of a traffic accident today, and the effects of alcohol and drug use on traffic accidents.
Reúso de água na agricultura
Authors: Barros H. M. M. , Veriato M. K. L. , Souza L. P. , Chicó L. R. , Barosi K. X. L.
Published: December 2015

A fixação do homem nas regiões do planeta tem acontecido em função de disponibilidade de elementos necessários à sua sobrevivência. Nesse sentido, a água, tem sido a forma de energia essencial à vida e a manutenção dos ecossistemas. No entanto sua escassez tem se tornado um problema de ordem global de forma que os governantes têm cada vez mais se preocupados em gerenciar de forma responsável tal recurso. A demanda crescente por água tem feito do reuso planejado um tema atual e de grande importância. Neste sentido, considera-se o reuso de água como parte de uma atividade mais abrangente que é o uso racional ou eficiente da água, o qual compreende também o controle de perdas e desperdícios, e a minimização da produção de resíduos e do consumo de água. A utilização de águas residuárias para os mais diversos fins já é uma realidade em diversos países do mundo. No Brasil, dentre os principais fatores que contribuíram para o aumentasse o interesse pela irrigação com efluentes, se encontram: a escassez de água, o avanço técnico-científico, a legislação ambiental mais rigorosa e atuante, o maior controle da poluição ambiental, a diminuição dos custos de tratamento com solo devido à atuação, disposição e fornecimento de nutrientes, e matéria orgânica às plantas, reduzindo os custos com fertilizantes químicos comerciais. Com isso, é possível concluir que o reuso de água é importante instrumento de gestão racional dos recursos hídricos, no que diz respeito ao reuso de água para fins agrícolas.
A religião dos celulares: consumo de tecnologia como expressão de fé entre evangélicos e umbandistas
Authors: Silva Sandra Rubia da
Published: December 2015

Ao longo de onze meses de trabalho de campo em um bairro de camadas populares em Florianópolis, pude constatar importantes conexões entre o consumo de telefones celulares e a vivência da religiosidade entre evangélicos e umbandistas. Neste artigo, exploro as maneiras pelas quais os telefones celulares estão presentes no discurso e nas práticas religiosas desses dois grupos, percebendo o celular tanto como mediador positivo quanto negativo. A partir da análise do material etnográfico, argumento que a associação entre  religião e uso de telefones celulares, além de aliviar a experiência da pobreza, traz renovadas possibilidades de expressão da identidade religiosa. Sugiro também que a dimensão política está presente, na medida em que suas funcionalidades – em especial o bluetooth e o SMS -  auxiliam na disseminação do discurso religioso e na obtenção de novos adeptos.
Circulação de ideias e apropriações culturais na diáspora negra
Authors: Zubaran Maria Angélica , De Vargas Juliana Ribeiro
Published: December 2015

Este artigo investiga o intercâmbio e a circulação de ideias na diáspora negra, particularmente no jornal O Exemplo, mapeando e problematizando as representações étnico-raciais e de gênero construídas nas narrativas produzidas pelos redatores desse jornal por ocasião da campanha para a construção do monumento à “Mãe Preta”. Busca-se analisar de que forma os redatores do jornal se apropriaram de textos que circularam em outros jornais sobre a campanha ao monumento da “Mãe Preta”, adaptaram-nos aos seus próprios interesses e lhes atribuíram novos significados. A partir da abordagem teórica dos Estudos Culturais, entende-se a imprensa negra como um artefato cultural que não apenas informa, mas que também produz discursos e representações que contribuem na formação de subjetividades e identidades negras.
NÍVEL DE ADESÃO DAS EMPRESAS ATUANTES NO MERCADO CAPIXABA AO MODLO DE RELATÓRIO DE SUSTENTABILIDADE GRI
Authors: Demonier Juliana Lobato , Demonier Gladyson Brommonschenkel , Pires Mirian Albert
Published: December 2015

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal investigar qual o nível de adesão às diretrizes do modelo GRI G3 das cinco maiores empresas atuantes no mercado capixaba e que adotaram esse modelo para elaboração do relatório de sustentabilidade no ano de 2012. Para isso, foram selecionadas as cinco maiores empresas que atuam nesse mercado, através do anuário do Instituto Euvaldo Lodi (IEL) do ano de 2012, tendo como critério o tamanho de sua receita. Os resultados evidenciaram que, mesmo com sete anos de existência desse modelo, as empresa ainda não aderiram plenamente ao modelo GRI G3. Através da análise das respostas aos índices dos reltórios, verificou-se que aproximadamente 65% dos indicadorees foram plenamente atendidos de acordo com requisitos mínimos solicitados pelo modelo, o que aponta que essas empresas ainda têm muito a aperfeiçoar, a fim de transmitir aos usuários maior transparência em sues relatórios.
CONTABILIDADE APLICADA AO SETOR PÚBLICO COMO MECANISMO INSTITUCIONAL ESTATAL DE MELHORIA DA ACCOUNTABILITY
Authors: Da Silva Neto Antonio Firmino , Gomes da Silva José Dionísio , Gonçalves Rodrigo De Souza
Published: December 2015

A informação contábil é um instrumento que proporciona a accountability, que pode ser considerada a razão de ser da Contabilidade. Este ensaio objetiva discutir a Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público como um mecanismo institucional estatal e não-institucional de melhoria de accountability. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi a dedutiva com embasamento nos artigos 84 e 110 da Lei Federal no 4.320/1964, Lei de Direito Financeiro, e nas discussões sobre mecanismos de accountability apresentadas por Oakerson (1989), Paul (1992), O’Donnell (1998, 1999), Schedler (1999), Dunn (1999), Elster (1999), Keohane (2002), Mainwaring (2003), Abrucio e Loureiro (2004). As considerações deste estudo são no sentido de que a Contabilidade Aplicada ao Setor Público pode ser caracterizada, preferencialmente, como um mecanismo institucional estatal de accountability, cujo papel é monitorar, fiscalizar, controlar, e com prerrogativas de exigir responsabilização por partes dos agentes públicos, contudo, sem “poderes” de punição ou sanção, mas que pode de uma forma indireta exercer essa prerrogativa como pré-condição para a melhoria da accountability.
Divergent responses of leaf phenology to changing temperature among plant species and geographical regions
Authors: Zhang Haicheng , Yuan Wenping , Liu Shuguang , Dong Wenjie
Published: December 2015

Shifts in plants' phenophases caused by climate change can strongly affect the ecosystem structure and function. Temperature sensitivity, which is expressed as the date of phenological event change for per degree Celsius change of temperature (days °C−1), has been widely used to characterize the plants' responses to changed temperature. In this study, we analyzed the temperature sensitivity of leaf phenology (leaf unfolding date, LUD; leaf falling date, LFD) for more than 700 plant species based on the phenological observations at 56 sites in China from 1963 to 1988. Our results suggested significant spatial and interspecific variations in the responses of leaf phenology to changing temperature. Approximately 48.8% cases of LUD advanced significantly (p < 0.1) with the increasing spring temperature and 33.9% cases of LFD delayed significantly with increasing autumn temperature. The spring events were overall more sensitive to temperature than autumn events. Although the LUD of plants in warmer regions was more sensitive to changing temperature, the temperature sensitivities of LFD for plants in warmer regions were not significantly different from that for plants in cooler regions. Moreover, for spring phenology, many sites suggested higher temperature sensitivity for species that unfold their leaves earlier. For autumn phenology, species with later leaf‐falling dates were generally more sensitive to temperature. Differences in species' responses to temperature that caused the discrepant changes in species' growing season can strongly impact vegetation dynamic and ecosystem function, and thus should be considered more when predicting the effects of climate warming on the biosphere.
Experimental assessment of gene flow between transgenic squash and a wild relative in the center of origin of cucurbits
Authors: Cruz-Reyes Rogelio , Ávila-Sakar Germán , Sánchez-Montoya Gumersindo , Quesada Mauricio
Published: December 2015

The introgression of modified genetic sequences (transgenes) into wild populations hinges on the generation of viable and fertile hybrids from crosses between transgenic cultivars and their wild relatives. We assessed the risk of escape of a gene construct that confers resistance to three viruses (ZYMV, WMV, CMV) from a transgenic zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) to Cucurbita argyrosperma ssp. sororia, a wild relative at the center of origin of the genus in Mexico. We experimentally generated first and second generation hybrids, as well as backcross progeny (BC), and evaluated their performance. The virus‐resistance transgene was successfully inherited into both hybrid generations and also to BC progeny from the crosses of hybrids with the wild relative. The transgene generally followed Mendelian inheritance as a dominant trait. Both hybrid generations and the BC progeny had lower reproductive output compared to the wild parent. Given that the hybrid and BC progeny were viable and fertile, the escape and persistence of the transgene is possible via wild populations of C. argyrosperma ssp. sororia. This information is essential for biosafety policy in Mexico—center of origin and diversification of several crops—where the liberation of genetically modified plants is currently under approval, and risk assessment is necessary.
Impact Of Collaborative Groups Versus Individuals In Undergraduate Inquiry-Based Astronomy Laboratory Learning Exercises
Authors: Sibbernsen Kendra J.
Published: December 2015

A mixed-method quasi-experimental study was designed to determine how 130 undergraduates in an introductory astronomy survey course laboratory changed their understanding of scientific inquiry working as individuals in relative isolation compared to working in small, collaborative learning groups when using specially designed astronomy curricula based on a backwards faded scaffolding approach (Slater, Slater, & Lyons, 2010). The results of this two-group comparison study were determined by examining the change in responses from the pretest to the posttest administration of the Views of Scientific Inquiry (VOSI) survey (Schwartz, Lederman, & Lederman, 2008), the increase in scores on laboratory exercises, and analysis of field notes from the instructor. Analysis suggests that all students increased their understanding of scientific inquiry and astronomy when using the specially designed course materials regardless if the students were working in groups or individually in the learning laboratories. However, qualitative analysis yields further insight that there exists a qualitative difference in the complexity of research questions students working in groups elect to pursue over those students working independently.
Crowdfunding Astronomy Research With Google Sky
Authors: Metcalfe Travis S.
Published: December 2015

For nearly four years, NASA's Kepler space telescope searched for planets like Earth around more than 150,000 stars similar to the Sun. In 2008 with in-kind support from several technology companies, our non-profit organization established the Pale Blue Dot Project, an adopt-a-star program that supports scientific research on the stars observed by the Kepler mission.  To help other astronomy educators conduct successful fundraising efforts, I describe how this innovative crowdfunding program successfully engaged the public over the past seven years to help support an international team in an era of economic austerity. 
A procedure for assessing the impacts of land-cover change on soil erosion at basin scale
Authors: Lai Chengguang , Wang Zhaoli , Chen Xiaohong , Xu Chong-Yu , Yang Bing , Meng Qingqiang , Huang Bi
Published: December 2015

Accelerated soil erosion is an undesirable process that adversely affects the conservation of water and soil. This paper used a procedure linking the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and geographic information system (GIS) to map the soil erosion level from 1990 to 2010 caused by land-cover change in the Dongjiang River basin, China. Results indicate that the significant land-cover change greatly impacted soil erosion. The overall soil erosion level of the basin belonged to Level II (mild erosion) but the erosion amount shown an uptrend. Erosion areas of Levels I and II occupied more than 90% and other levels (Levels III–VI) occupied less than 10% of the total area. Approximately 90.85% of the area maintained the original levels, 5.84% converted from lower levels to higher levels, and 3.32% converted from higher levels to lower levels. The erosion in the downstream regions was more serious than that in the central and upstream regions. Although soil erosion was mild as a whole in the study region, some local areas underwent intense erosion. The study demonstrated that linking RUSLE with GIS tools is an efficient procedure for mapping soil erosion levels at basin scale. The gradual deterioration condition caused by land-cover changes at present or in the future requires further study.
The DayWater decision support approach to the selection of sustainable drainage systems: A multi-criteria methodology for BMP decision makers
Authors: Ellis J. B. , Deutsch J.-C. , Legret M. , Martin C. , Revitt D. M. , Scholes L. , Seiker H. , Zimmerman U.
Published: December 2015

The decision-making process for the selection of Best Management Practice (BMP) systems for stormwater runoff management involves a variety of stakeholders within public and private sectors holding differing powers and opinions regarding the significance they attribute to differing criteria. The paper describes a web-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach being developed within the EU 5th Framework DayWater project (www.daywater.org) to support stakeholder negotiation and the development of mutually acceptable sustainable solutions to the problem of control and treatment of urban surface water drainage. The MCA matrix methodology is outlined and some of the advantages and limitations of the procedure and its application are discussed.
Development of a decision support system for integrated water resources management in intensively used small watersheds
Authors: Sieker H. , Bandermann S. , Schröter K. , Ostrowski M. , Leichtfuss A. , Schmidt W. , Thiel E. , Peters C. , Mühleck R.
Published: December 2015

The main objective of the WSM300 project is the development of a methodology which guides and supports an improved water resources management on the level of small watersheds (up to 300 km²). The developed methodology is to be implemented into a software based tool within the framework of a generic Decision Support System (DSS). (Leichtfuss 2003, Schröter 2004). Core of the DSS is a "decision matrix", which has been implemented as a web based application (www.wsm300.de). The management objectives are represented by the indicators labeling the rows. They will be the result of a discussion of the objectives and problems in the specific sub-basin, which is supported by the catalogue of indicators. The matrix, once the labels are defined, serves as a plot for the planning process, defining clearly which objectives have to be considered and which indicator-values have to be calculated. The DSS further includes a concept and tools for the combination of existing software components and supports the processing of model-outputs to indicator-values. Filled with the indicator-values, the matrix allows a comparison of the scenarios and provides a good basis for a decision. If desired, multi-criteria decision aid methods can further help find the optimal scenario and mediate between stakeholders. As a co-product of the web-based DSS, the "River-Information-System" was established informing the public about the newest developments in their catchment.
Historical overview of the Copenhagen sewerage system
Authors: Sørensen S. , Petersen B. , Kofod N. , Jacobsen P.
Published: December 2015

The Copenhagen sewerage system was established in 1857. Thus, in 2007 we celebrate our 150th anniversary. Previous to the establishment there were some years of discussion of the principle – combined vs. separate sewer network. Most of the sewer network we know today was founded 1860-1910. Until 1892 the contents of latrines were still collected and driven to the country for fertilization. The rest of the sewage was lead to the harbour, causing extreme odours and sedimentation of sludge. In the time the water closets were allowed to lead the wastewater to the sewer network, the sewage was collected in new pipes along the harbours, and only during rain there were spills from CSO. In the harbour, public baths were established, but because of the poorer and poorer water quality, the last bath closed in 1952. In the 1990s, a SCADA system was established and real time control introduced. Since then, RTC is an integrated part of managing the sewer network. In the same period, some major projects started with the aim of reducing the CSOs and large storage volumes were established. This resulted in the establishment of a public bath in 2002 followed by yet another in 2003.
A stormwater management information system for the catchment area of the River Emscher
Authors: Becker M. , Geretshauser G. , Spengler B. , Sieker H.
Published: December 2015

In order, in the course of remediating the Emscher river system, to reinforce the ecological potential and the municipal landscaping benefits of the new bodies of water and to limit the costs for technical stormwater management measures, great importance has been attached to coping with stormwater via surface seepage. The potential of such measures depends on many different factors of influence. Consequently it makes sense to prepare a systematic classification for checking and evaluating the use of decentral stormwater management systems. When sufficient data is available, geographical information systems can support the planning of stormwater management measures. In the past, there has been a lack of across-the-board data and evaluations as well as of information on the peripheral conditions and factors resulting from the structure of individual built-up areas. This gap will be closed with the stormwater management information system. The data pool that has been built up contains statements on all the peripheral conditions and factors relevant for deciding on the type and potential of close-to-nature stormwater management methods. The stormwater management information system makes it possible for concepts covering complete catchment areas to be developed and their effectiveness to be evaluated via one single system.
Development of a GIS-based Expert System for on-site Storm-water Management
Authors: Jin Z. , Sieker F. , Bandermann S. , Sieker H.
Published: December 2015

Urbanization is accelerating worldwide. One of the negative effects of urbanization is the overloading of the city sewer system. To solve this problem, on-site storm water infiltration proves very promising due to its near natural characteristics and multiple effects on the drainage of stormwater runoff in urban areas. However, the judgment of whether a local area is appropriate to be drained in this way and which infiltration measures are optimal is rather complex and involves analysing a set of influential factors. This judgment depends on not only relevant theoretical considerations, but also a large amount of practical experience and the availability of relevant data, as well. Such a judgment is an unstructured problem and relates to changeable knowledge. To fulfill this task, the so-called expert system, or knowledge-based system, is introduced. One of the advantages of an expert system is that it provides automation of expert-level judgment. This is extremely helpful when an expert-level judgment is needed repeatedly for a large amount of cases, like in the planning of on-site stormwater infiltration systems for an entire city catchment. This paper describes a self-developed expert system tool for developing rule-based expert systems, as well as a case study: using an expert system for the selection of on-site storm water infiltration measures for the city of Chemnitz, Germany.
Assessing the impact of infiltration and exfiltration in sewer systems using performance indicators: case studies of the APUSS project
Authors: Cardoso A. , Prigiobbe V. , Giulianelli M. , Baer E. , Bénédittis J. De , Coelho S.T.
Published: December 2015

The structural quality and functional efficiency of sewer systems are key parameters to guarantee the transfer of domestic, commercial and industrial wastewater to treatment plants without infiltration nor exfiltration. Infiltration of groundwater is particularly detrimental to treatment plant efficiency, while exfiltration of wastewater can lead to groundwater contamination. The APUSS project associating universities, SMEs and municipalities in 7 European countries, developed new methods and techniques to assess and quantify infiltration and exfiltration (I/E) in sewer systems. This paper describes the establishment of a set of performance indicators (PI) developed to assess the impact of I/E on sewer systems and their application to three project case studies, in Italy and France, focusing on sewer systems characteristics, I/E measurements campaigns and PI application results. The methodology for PI definition consists in the selection and development of a sewer network property or state variable, which is expressive of aspects being scrutinized (I/E); the PI values are then calculated; finally, a classification of the PI values is made in relation to good or bad performance. The use of PI allows a standardized and objective comparison of the performance of sewer systems and constitutes a means to technically support the establishment of priorities for rehabilitation and/or construction investments taking into account I/E impacts.
Rethinking the urban water management of Copenhagen
Authors: Binning P.J. , Hauger M.B. , Rygaard M. , Eilersen A.M. , Albrechtsen H.J.
Published: December 2015

Copenhagen currently relies on imported groundwater for its drinking water supply, but must become less reliant on external resources in future. A set of 9 scenarios for future water supply and waste water management are developed with the aim of making Copenhagen’s water supply entirely self sufficient. The scenarios are based on an analysis of current and past societal perceptions, mega trends and a catalogue of world’s best practice in urban water management. An initial screening of the scenarios is conducted by comparing them with a reference scenario (the current water supply) for the most important criteria. Perceptions, mega trends and evaluation criteria were identified by a stakeholder workshop. The scenarios that appear most promising are: central recirculation delivering water from a desalination and recycled grey water plant; a green city that relies on rainwater for supply and wastewater is separated and treated locally; a market driven water supply delivering various qualities of water and having separating sewage streams; and a local technological society where high tech treatment is used to produce and treat water within a neighbourhood.
Compressible synthetic dual-medium filtration of wastewater effluents for water reuse
Authors: Maeng S.K. , Ahn K.H. , Kim K.P. , Song K.G. , Park K.Y.
Published: December 2015

A novel filtration process using compressible synthetic dual-medium filter was investigated for wastewater effluents reclamation. In synthetic medium filtration system, the fluid to be filtered flows through the media as opposed to flowing around the filtering media as in granular media filters. Three types of open porous polyurethane foams with different densities and pore sizes were tested to determine their performances with respect to the removal of turbidity and total suspended solids. Media with smaller porosity showed higher removal efficiency in both turbidity and total suspended solids. Second, single- and dual-medium synthetic filters were compared to evaluate their feasibilities of treating wastewater effluents for water reuse applications and determined the optimum range to meet water reuse standard of the turbidity (i.e., turbidity <2 NTU). To meet water reuse standards (i.e., turbidity <2 NTU) in this study, single- and dual-synthetic medium filters will need to operate at compression ratios of 30 (<333 L/m2·min) and 50% (<500 L/m2·min), respectively. The removal efficiency of turbidity was slightly increased with the increase in compression ratios, and the total suspended solids removal was more affected by the filtration rates than that of turbidity in the synthetic medium filtration.
Characterization of a Newly Isolated Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacterium
Authors: Lin Yan , Tanaka Shuzo , Kong Hainan
Published: December 2015

Continuous experiments were performed in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. Under the tested conditions, 49.4 to 90.6% of total nitrogen (TN) was found to be removed. The COD/TN ratio as well as the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was the key factor influencing the TN removal efficiency. A heterotrophic nitrifier, named Bacillus sp. LY, was newly isolated from the system. Batch experiments show that Bacillus sp. LY could utilize the organic carbon as the source of assimilation when it grew on glucose and ammonium chloride medium accompanying the formation of oxidized-nitrogen. It also could denitrify nitrate while nitrification. After 24 days incubation, the removal efficiencies of the COD and TN by Bacillus sp. LY were 71.7% and 61.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of Bacillus sp. LY was performed and the phylogenetic tree of Bacillus sp. LY and the neighboring nitrifiers was given.
Kinetic estimation of low excess sludge and extracellular polymeric substance accumulation in a vertical submerged membrane bioreactor (VSMBR)
Authors: Chae S.R. , Chin H.S.
Published: December 2015

The main objective of this study was to investigate reasons of mitigated membrane fouling based on a mathematical prediction of daily excess sludge (DES) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) accumulation in a laboratory-scale vertical submerged membrane bioreactor (VSMBR) fed with glucose. Yield coefficient, growth rate, and decay rate of autotrophic and heterotrophic micro-organisms were estimated by measuring oxygen uptake rate (OUR). From kinetic estimation, it was concluded that the DES from the VSMBR was only 4% of the total DES produced by the activated sludge process (ASP). This resulted from the lower yield biomass and the higher decay of heterotrophic biomass in the VSMBR. In part of the experiment, transmembrane pressure (TMP) was affected by a rapid increase in EPS concentration. Later, a second rapid increase of TMP was observed although EPS concentration was stable indicating that the second increase of TMP was caused by interfiber clogging other than EPS accumulation.
Decolourization of a textile-reactive dye with Phanerochaete chrysosporium incubated in different ways under non-sterile conditions
Authors: Gao Dawen , Wen Xianghua , Zeng Yonggang , Qian Yi
Published: December 2015

Most studies on decolourization of reactive dye with Phanerochaete chrysosporium have been performed under sterile conditions. In this paper, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, suspended in liquid medium, immobilized on nylon nets, and immobilized on polyurethane foams were studied to decolorize a textile-reactive dye in agitated liquid incubation under non-sterile conditions. The results showed that the decolourization against reactive brilliant red K-2BP by mycelia pellets in suspended cultures, the fungi immobilized on nylon nets and immobilized on polyurethane foams were 0%, 52% and 95%, respectively. The suspended incubation system and the system with nylon nets were contaminated with yeasts, which deteriorated the decolourization effects. The three-dimensional reticular structure of polyurethane foam was benefit to Phanerochaete chrysosporium growth in spreading mycelia taking nutrients and oxygen effectively. The foam could quickly absorb liquid medium into its holes, leaving much less nutrients to support the growth of single cell micro-organisms such as yeast in liquid. The micro-environment existed in polyurethane foam was close to the wild growth conditions of white rot fungus in nature. In conclusion, immobilized culture with polyurethane foam carriers is advantaged to reduce the colonization of other micro-organisms, and makes Phanerochaete chrysosporium possess higher decolorizing ability under non-sterile conditions.
Phosphorus recovery from human urine
Authors: Gethke K. , Herbst H. , Montag D. , Bruszies D. , Pinnekamp J.
Published: December 2015

A process to recover nutrients from human urine was tested at the Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA) of RWTH Aachen University. Before testing the recovery process the urine was stored and the decomposition processes during this period were observed. Throughout the storage the pH value and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased, the concentration of phosphate phosphorus decreased. These variances can be speed up by addition of urease. The recovery process is easy to handle and approx. 99% of the load of phosphate phosphorus was eliminated and transferred into the product. Analysing the product indicators for struvite could be identified. The final step of the process is the stripping of the remaining ammonia-nitrogen by air followed by a gas washing
Single-stage Sequencing Batch Process for Producing Class A Biosolids from AD Effluent at Terminal Island Treatment Plant
Authors: Cox Huub H.J. , Fan Steve , Iranpour Reza
Published: December 2015

Terminal Island Treatment Plant converted its digesters to thermophilic operation with the objective to comply with the U.S. EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule requirements for Class A biosolids. The following processes were tested: a) single-stage continuous; b) two-stage continuous; c) single-stage sequencing batch. Salmonella sp. were always non-detect in digester outflows (<3 MPN/4 g dry wt), whereas fecal coliform densities were usually below the Class A limit of 1000 MPN/g dry wt. However, the recurrence of fecal coliforms in post-digestion caused non-compliance with the Class A limit at the truck loading facility as the last point of plant control for compliance. After several design modifications of the post-digestion train, operation of the digesters as sequencing batch digesters according to the time-temperature requirement of Alternative 1 of the Part 503 Biosolids Rule achieved compliance for both Salmonella sp. and fecal coliforms at the last point of plant control (truck loading facility).
A Performance Indicator for Wastewater Collection Systems
Authors: Tabesh M. , Madani S.
Published: December 2015

This paper introduces a methodology for performance assessment of wastewater collection systems, especially during critical operational situations such as storm water, pipe blockage and hydraulic overload. Two penalty curves are proposed to evaluate the depth and velocity of wastewater flow in each pipe, during different operational conditions. Then using a weighting function, performance of the system is evaluated. A test network is analyzed by the SewerCAD software and network performance indices are determined by the introduced methodology. The results show that indicator based on flow depth represents the hydraulic performance of the wastewater collection systems better than the pipe velocity. Application of these indices helps decision makers to manage wastewater collection systems realistically.
Remote Controlled Inspection Device for Large Sewers
Authors: Teichgräber B. , Stemplewski J. , Althoff H. , Elkmann N.
Published: December 2015

Within the next decade, the river Emscher - which has been used as an open wastewater sewer for over a century - will totally change its appearance in the densely populated Rhine-Ruhr area in Germany. The central element of the future drainage of the area is the emscher:sewer - a new interceptor with a length of 55 km, a diameter of up to 2.8 m, and a flow speed of up to 16 m³/s. For simple maintenance during operation, an automatic inspection device has been developed to supersede the costly inspection by sewage system staff. The device has successfully been tested under authentic conditions and allows sewer operators to also inspect free-gradient sewers with large diameters which because of their filling levels are normally inaccessible (e.g. before treatment plants).
Identification of organic foulants of nanofiltration membranes used for drinking water production
Authors: Habarou H. , Croué J.P , Heim V. , Franiatte A. , Démocrate C.
Published: December 2015

The goal of our work was, on the one hand, to characterize and identify the nature of the organic foulants responsible for flux declines of high pressure membranes and to the other hand, to evaluate the efficiency of chemical cleaning.

Thus, membrane autopsy was conducted on nanofiltration membranes isolated before and after cleaning from the Méry-sur-Oise filtration train. Elemental analysis, Pyrolysis GC/MS, FT-IR, 13C- NMR analyses were performed on both insoluble and soluble phases of the deposit extracted from NF modules. Results confirmed the microbial origin of the fouling material. Polysaccharides and aminosugars were found to be the major organic constituents of the fouling material. In addition, the inorganic content (calcium, phosphorous and aluminum as major constituents) was found to increase significantly from stage 1 to stage 3 of the filtration train. After chemical cleaning a significant reduction of the inorganic content was noticed, however the organic composition of the foulant remained almost unchanged.
Speciation and Removal of Arsenic in column packed with chitosan
Authors: Benavente Martha , Arévalo Marcos , Martínez Joaquín
Published: December 2015

The arsenic speciation and arsenic removal in chitosan packed column were studied. Arsenic removal experiments were carried out with an arsenic standard solution (1.0 mg/l) and drilled well water samples from Limon Mine Community at different pH, water flowrate, and volume of adsorbent material. The simulation of arsenic speciation was carried out at a pH range from 0 to 12, a temperature of 25ºC, a pE equal to 4, and a total arsenic concentration of 1.34 x 10-5 mol kg-1. According to speciation calculations arsenic is found mainly in oxidized form in the conditions of Limon Mine’s drilled well waters, dihydrogen arsenate ion (H2AsO4-), and hydrogen arsenate ion (HAsO42-) being the major species. The experiments showed that arsenic adsorption depends mainly on the pH as well as the activity of functional groups that compose the chitosan structure. At pH 3 and volume of adsorbent material of 337.8 cm3 an adsorption of 94% was obtained from arsenic standard solution, and the arsenic present in the Limon Community’s water was almost totally removed at pH 3 and 7. The use of the results for designing purposes demands the breakthrough curves for chitosan to be determined.
Key Parameters and Kinetics of Oxidation of Lead (II) Solid Phases by Chlorine in Drinking Water
Authors: Liu Haizhou , Korshin Gregory V. , Ferguson John F. , Jiang Wenju
Published: December 2015

Equilibria and kinetics of transformations in the Pb(II)/Pb(IV)/chlorine system have a great impact on lead release in drinking water. To explore this system, oxidation of representative Pb(II) solid phases, predominantly hydrocerussite was carried out in chlorinated water with various alkalinities and pH values. It was determined that the oxidation of hydrocerussite by chlorine proceeded via three phases. These included a lag phase, a rapid transition phase and a final quasi steady-state phase. The lag phase corresponded to the transformation of hydrocerussite to cerussite PbCO3, while during the transition phase, the oxidation of PbCO3 and formation of -PbO2 occurred. Key water parameters, such as pH, chlorine concentration and dissolved inorganic carbonate concentration had a pronounced impact on the duration of the lag phase. Data of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that cerussite PbCO3 was formed as a transient phase during hydrocerussite oxidation, and dispersed microcrystals of scrutinyite -PbO2 were formed when chlorine was consumed.
Adsorption of As, B, Cr, Mo and Se from coal fly ash leachate by Fe3+ modified bentonite clay
Authors: Vhahangwele Masindi , Mugera Gitari W. , Hlanganani Tutu
Published: December 2015

Fly ash contains the potentially toxic elements As, B, Cr, Mo and Se which upon contact with water may be leached to contaminate surface and subsurface water bodies. This study aims to evaluate the adsorption of these elements from coal fly ash leachates on Fe3+-modified bentonite (Fe-Bent); such modification improved the physicochemical properties of bentonite clay. For optimization of adsorption of the five elements, the effects of time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, and pH were optimized. Adsorption affinity of oxyanions followed in the order B = Se > Mo > Cr = As. Experimental data fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.
Application of multi-criteria analysis and GIS in ecotourism development (Case study: Serbian Danube region)
Authors: Stojkovic Sanja , Djurdjic Snezana , Andjelkovic Goran
Published: December 2015

Ecotourism can be defined as responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment and cultural heritage and improves the well-being
of local people. Sustainable planning and management of ecotourism
development are important and necessary for increasing positive and
decreasing negative effects on the complex environment. This paper analyses
the suitability of selected protected natural areas in the Serbian Danube
region for the purposes of ecotourism development. The multi-criteria
analysis includes several natural and socio-economic factors and criteria
which influence ecotourism development. The integration of Geographic
Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) greatly
facilitates the decision-making process in the ecotourism destination
planning. A suitability map of the analysed protected natural areas for
ecotourism development as one of the sustainable tourism types is highlighted
as a result of this paper. Such analysis assists in the objective promotion
of ecotourism destinations and thus contributes to the improvement of Serbian
tourism development.