bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-planar growth of high Al-mole-fraction AlGaN heterostructures on patterned GaN substrates for ultraviolet laser diodes
Authors: Ando Yuto , Xu Zhiyu , Detchprohm Theeradetch , Young Preston , Dupuis Russell D.
Published: September 2023

The non-planar growth of UV-A laser diode heterostructures composed of AlGaN layers with high Al-mole-fractions and thicknesses exceeding the critical layer thickness was performed on patterned c-plane GaN (0001) substrates with stripe-shaped mesa structures. This approach suppressed the surface cracking at the top of the mesas via an anisotropic relaxation of the in-plane strain along the direction normal to the mesa stripes. Stimulated emission and laser operation at room temperature with emission in the UV-A range under pulsed current injection were demonstrated for laser diodes fabricated on the mesas.
Opto-electronic transport properties of resonant tunneling diodes with type-I and II postwells
Authors: Krüger S. , Pfenning A. , Jabeen F. , Hartmann F. , Höfling S.
Published: September 2023

We investigate the opto-electronic transport properties of AlGaAs/GaAs double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) with GaAs1−xSbx type-II postwells and compare these to RTDs with InxGa1−xAs type-I postwells. Samples grown with Sb containing type-II postwells show a significant photocurrent enhancement for x = 24% compared to 5.5% and 34%, respectively, which is attributed to an efficient hole trapping based on the large hole trapping barrier of 396 meV. By contrasting the RTDs with type-I InGaAs quantum well RTDs, we observe an increased photoresponsivity by one order of magnitude. Our finding allows realizing RTD with efficient hole trapping in the vicinity of the active region of the double barrier structure with confinement energies well above the thermal energy at room temperature, which may allow the observation of single charge configurations even at elevated temperatures.
Joint subgrid velocity-scalar filtered mass density function method for compressible turbulent flows
Authors: Chen Wenwu , Zhang Lin , Zhang Zhiqiang , Guan Qingdi
Published: September 2023

In large eddy simulations (LESs) and scalar filtered mass density functions, a gradient diffusion model is generally used for subgrid-scale (SGS) scalar flux modeling. However, this hypothesis is known to generate evident errors under certain conditions, particularly when the counter-gradient scalar transport effect dominates. Herein, a joint subgrid velocity-scalar filtered mass density function (VSGSSFMDF) method is developed to address this problem. The exact FMDF transport equation is derived in detail. Based on the order of the magnitude analysis and simply Langevin model, the FMDF transport equation is modeled, and a system of stochastic differential equations is, thus, proposed. Theoretical derivation and analysis suggest that both the first- and second-order moments are consistent. A compressible mixing layer and hydrogen/air-reactive mixing layer are simulated to verify the proposed method. Based on the diffusion model, a direct numerical simulation and an LES are performed for comparative verification. A generally reasonable SGS velocity distribution is obtained using the proposed VSGSSFMDF method. Consequently, the counter-gradient scalar transport effect is effectively simulated using this method. Overall, the VSGSSFMDF produces better results than the SFMDF and LES in both cases, particularly in the reactive case.
Implementation of a triangular probabilistic distribution for optimal parametrization of the SEIR model recovery rates with delay
Authors: Aybar Orhan Ozgur , Senturk Mustafa
Published: September 2023

Dynamical analysis of epidemiological models received significant attention after the global disaster of the Covid-19 pandemic. Although much of the attention has focused on choosing the appropriate model to describe and interpret the epidemiological data and on predicting the spread of the disease, working on uncovering the hidden dynamics by analyzing the predictive data and studying the algebraic properties of the models such as the invariant spaces, the center manifolds, and the Lyapunov functions in the general parameter space still have the potential to make a significant contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of spread. In this paper, in order to determine the recovery rate based on characteristic model parameters, the triangular probabilistic distribution is implemented in an epidemic delay differential equation with delays. By defining generic coefficients derived from field surveys and population characteristics, we propose a way to reduce the number of model parameters that need to be obtained during model fitting in order to find an effective way to handle the cultural and physiological diversity of societies and isolate the effect of counter measures for the epidemics.
Effective control of oxygen defects by co-doping of ferroelectric HfO2
Authors: Tian Yushui , Zhou Yulu , Zhao Miao , Ouyang Yifang , Tao Xiaoma
Published: September 2023

In this work, the effect of VB metal doping HfO2 is studied by first-principles calculation. The doping of VB group elements has special oxygen defect behavior due to its pentavalent properties. Moreover, a metal co-doping method based on electronic compensation is explored to regulate oxygen defects in the ferroelectric phase. The influence of co-doping on ferroelectric polarization is also studied, and the results show that Sc-Nb and Sc-Ta co-doping are effective methods to improve the ferroelectricity of HfO2. These studies provide a potential method for regulation of oxygen defects and the improvement of ferroelectricity in HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films.
Signature of transition in granular flow through apertures
Authors: Bhateja Ashish
Published: September 2023

We employ computations to examine transition in granular flow, right above an aperture, in a silo draining under gravity. We show that the energy dissipation rate exhibits a well-defined peak near the aperture. Tracing locations of maximum dissipation rate describes an arch, signifying flow transition. We present a correlation between the transition boundary and outlet using the arguments of self-similarity and geometric similarity, suggesting the spatial non-monotonicity of the dissipation rate to be a signature of flow transition. Utilizing the aforementioned similarity criteria, we also explore the kinetic pressure as a marker of transition in granular flow.
Polarization-gradient KNbO3 film with a large photovoltaic current
Authors: Sun Yiran , Zhang Zijun , Fang Xuchao , Huang Zihang , Zhou Dikui , Tian He , Han Gaorong , Ren Zhaohui
Published: September 2023

Potassium niobate (KNbO3, KNO) has been intensively investigated for photovoltaic performance because of its non-toxicity and excellent nonlinear optical properties. The corresponding photovoltaic current density, however, remains very low due to a wide bandgap. Chemical doping and strain engineering strategies have been employed to tailor the band structure to enhance photovoltaic current density. Nevertheless, the original current density is still at a level of several tens of nA/cm2, significantly limiting device applications. In this work, we report a lattice-gradient KNO film on (100) single-crystal 0.7 wt. % Nb doped SrTiO3 (NSTO) substrate processed by annealing, generating a polarization-gradient that allows us to generate a large current density via a built-in field. The film exhibits a remarkable short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 58.63 µA/cm2 under the 375 nm irradiation of 500 mW/cm2 light intensity, where the corresponding responsivity (117.26 µA/W) is ∼3.82 times higher than those of reported KNO-based materials. It was revealed that the annealing process driven interfacial structure evolution from disorder to atomic-scale smoothness, accompanied by the transformation of the polarization shielding mechanism. After this process, an intriguing lattice-gradient throughout the film was established to have a uniform polarization direction, possibly accounting for the improved photovoltaic current density of KNO film. These findings may trigger interest in developing KNO as a potential key material for lead-free optoelectronic or photodetector devices.
Natural convection inside a trapezoidal cavity under multidirectional magnetic impacts: Finite element characterization
Authors: Hamid Muhammad , Khan Zafar Hayat , Khan Waqar Ahmad , Tian Zhenfu
Published: September 2023

How to precisely study the natural convection inside the curvilinear geometries with electrically conductive fluids and multidirectional magnetic fields is a vital problem in fluid mechanics. Herein, a numerical study is performed to examine the naturally magnetoconvective flow enclosed in a right-angled shaped trapezoidal cavity. The multidirectional magnetic field is applied on the fluid flow inside the cavity. Triangular obstacles with different thermal boundary conditions are utilized in the cavity. The numerical simulation provides a detailed understanding of the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the trapezoidal cavity under the influence of multidirectional magnetic impacts. The numerical model can predict the flow patterns, temperature distribution, and heat transfer rates inside the cavity. It is demonstrated that the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a cavity can be significantly influenced by the presence of a magnetic field. Additionally, the presence of heated or cold obstacles inside the cavity can also have a substantial impact on these characteristics. The orientation of the magnetic field can also affect the temperature distribution and Nusselt number within the fluid flow. The results obtained from the numerical simulation can be used to optimize the design of the trapezoidal cavity for various industrial applications including electronic cooling, energy storage, heat exchangers, chemical processing, and solar collectors.
Supernonlocality in a Weyl metal
Authors: Shin Dongwoo , Lee Yeonkyu , Park Sang J. , Chae Dong-Hun , Jin Hyungyu , Mun Eundeok , Park Kwon , Kim Jeehoon
Published: September 2023

We report on the discovery of a macroscopic quantum phenomenon, referred to as supernonlocality, in the Weyl state—a topological metal exhibiting both surface and bulk topological transport. Supernonlocality is characterized by a comparable magnitude of nonlocal resistance to local resistance, indicating a global transport property. Remarkably, we observe a colossal nonlocal decay length of 0.6 mm, surpassing other semimetals in terms of nonlocal phenomena. This unprecedented behavior is found to be positively correlated with the system's nonlinear conductivity, suggesting that macroscopic supernonlocality arises from chiral charge pumping through a one-dimensional topological channel. Our findings provide insight into the manifestation of macroscopic quantum phenomena in topological metals and pave the way for the development of topological nonlocal electronics.
Determination of electronic excitation energies within the doubly occupied configuration interaction space by means of the Hermitian operator method
Authors: Garros Adán , Alcoba Diego R. , Capuzzi Pablo , Lain Luis , Torre Alicia , Oña Ofelia B. , Dukelsky Jorge
Published: September 2023

In this work, we formulate the equations of motion corresponding to the Hermitian operator method in the framework of the doubly occupied configuration interaction space. The resulting algorithms turn out to be considerably simpler than the equations provided by that method in more conventional spaces, enabling the determination of excitation energies in N-electron systems under an affordable polynomial computational cost. The implementation of this technique only requires to know the elements of low-order reduced density matrices of an N-electron reference state, which can be obtained from any approximate method. We contrast our procedure against the reduced Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer and Richardson–Gaudin–Kitaev integrable models, pointing out the reliability of our proposal.
The typing is on the wall: Australia’s healthcare future needs a digitally capable workforce
Authors: Woods Leanna , Janssen Anna , Robertson Samantha , Morgan Clare , Butler-Henderson Kerryn , Burton-Jones Andrew , Sullivan Clair
Published: September 2023

Digital health technologies are a proposed solution to improve healthcare delivery and reduce pressures on the healthcare system, but these technologies are new to much of the health workforce. This perspective paper highlights lessons learned from the global experience of rapid digital transformation of health workforces, including fostering a culture of learning, ensuring accreditation and recognition, and adopting a transdisciplinary approach. Evidence-based actions are proposed to address recommendations to (1) ensure foundational workforce digital health capability and (2) build specialist digital health career pathways. Australia must take a national approach and strategically leverage strong collaborations across sectors including healthcare, education and government to ensure a consistent, regulated and sustainable digital workforce capability.
Oswald Bertram Lower (1864–1925): a South Australian pioneer in the discovery of Australia’s biodiversity
Authors: McQuillan Peter B. , Edwards Ted , Camilleri Jenny
Published: September 2023

An Adelaide-born pharmacist, Oswald B. Lower, is a neglected figure in the pantheon of early Australian amateur entomologists. Specialising in Lepidoptera, he worked mainly around Adelaide and Broken Hill where he discovered hundreds of new species, especially in the semi-arid zone of southern Australia. Lower named almost 1000 valid new species between 1892 and 1923 based upon his own material and specimens sourced from contacts in other parts of Australia. His legacy of 40 000 specimens, assembled between the 1880s and early 1920s, forms the nucleus of the outstanding Lepidoptera collection at the South Australian Museum. Many are sourced from locations now lost or degraded and the collection will be an invaluable tool in the emerging challenge of habitat restoration in Australia.
Unlearning and relearning sexuality: a qualitative exploration of The Sex Wrap, a sex education podcast
Authors: Keegan Julia , Cooper Spring Chenoa , Porter Andrew , Ciervo Courtney , Khalid Rafia
Published: September 2023

Background Traditional school-based sexuality education has a myriad of problems with its successful delivery, including access to comprehensive sexuality curricula, access to trained facilitators, and community and parental fears. As an alternative form of sexuality education, The Sex Wrap podcast is released in weekly episodes of about 20–45 min, providing listeners with diverse, evidence-based sexual health information. Methods Participants in a larger mixed-methods study evaluating The Sex Wrap were invited to participate in qualitative in-depth interviews to explore their experiences with sexuality education, including The Sex Wrap, and how they relate to information received through the podcast. Seventeen interviews were conducted with listeners of The Sex Wrap, aged 20–25 years old. Results One core category and three axial codes were identified in the interview data. The core category is: sexuality education is an ongoing process that includes learning and unlearning. The three temporally related axial codes are: (1) experiences with formal and informal sexuality education (mostly negative) drove participants to seek more information about sex, (2) participants use The Sex Wrap as a way of exploring and personalising information about sexuality, and (3) participants equipped with comprehensive sexuality education are empowered to educate their peers. Conclusions This study suggests that podcast-based interventions, such as The Sex Wrap, can play a key role in young people’s process of sexuality education and should be considered for incorporation into other forms of sex education.
Understanding and quantifying whole soil-profile organic carbon transfer using an environmental tracer
Authors: Hancock G. R.
Published: September 2023

Context Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) depth distribution and its vertical transport is needed for both improved understanding of soil properties and behaviour as well as enhanced organic carbon sequestration. This is a global issue, that if better understood, could result in both more agriculturally productive soils as well as enhanced environmental outcomes. Aims Quantify whole soil-profile SOC and down-profile movement at a series of sites in south-east Australia. Methods Soil is sampled at regular intervals using cores and assessed for SOC and environmental tracer (137Cs) concentration. Key results Soils that have a high clay content (Vertosols) and crack (i.e. self mulching) have the highest SOC content. In high clay content soils, 137Cs is present at depths well below that at which it would be present by diffusive processes. Conclusions Surface soil, labelled with 137Cs is moving down the soil profile by advective processes to depths well below that possible by diffusive processes alone. Using local erosion rates and carbon input, it is estimated that less than 1% of SOC is delivered to the cracking soils by erosional processes and that the majority of SOC must be produced in situ. Implications Given that 137Cs is a relatively new environmental tracer (1945 onwards), this suggests that surface labelled soil is reaching depths of up to 80 cm at decadal time scales. The methods and findings here have global applicability and provide insights into potential enhancement of carbon sequestration in both cropping and grazing landscapes.
Trehalose-6-phosphate signaling regulates lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Morales-Herrera Stefania , Jourquin Joris , Coppé Frederic , Lopez-Galvis Lorena , De Smet Tom , Safi Alaeddine , Njo Maria , Griffiths Cara A. , Sidda John D. , Mccullagh James S. O. , Xue Xiaochao , Davis Benjamin G. , Van der Eycken Johan , Paul Matthew J. , Van Dijck Patrick , Beeckman Tom
Published: September 2023

Plant roots explore the soil for water and nutrients, thereby determining plant fitness and agricultural yield, as well as determining ground substructure, water levels, and global carbon sequestration. The colonization of the soil requires investment of carbon and energy, but how sugar and energy signaling are integrated with root branching is unknown. Here, we show through combined genetic and chemical modulation of signaling pathways that the sugar small-molecule signal, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) regulates root branching through master kinases SNF1-related kinase-1 (SnRK1) and Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and with the involvement of the plant hormone auxin. Increase of T6P levels both via genetic targeting in lateral root (LR) founder cells and through light-activated release of the presignaling T6P-precursor reveals that T6P increases root branching through coordinated inhibition of SnRK1 and activation of TOR. Auxin, the master regulator of LR formation, impacts this T6P function by transcriptionally down-regulating the T6P-degrader trehalose phosphate phosphatase B in LR cells. Our results reveal a regulatory energy-balance network for LR formation that links the ‘sugar signal’ T6P to both SnRK1 and TOR downstream of auxin.
Impairments in endogenous AMPA receptor dynamics correlates with learning deficits in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Lu Kongjie , Li Chenyang , Liu Jiao , Wang Jinpeng , Li Yongfeng , He Bin , Li Junzhao , Zhang Xiaochen , Wei Mengping , Tian Yonglu , Zhang Rong , Zhang Chen , Zhang Yong
Published: September 2023

AMPA receptors (AMPARs) play a critical role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, and dysfunction or dysregulation of AMPARs could lead to various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the dynamics and/or longitudinal changes of AMPARs in vivo during AD pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, employing 5xFAD SEP-GluA1 KI mice, we investigated endogenous AMPA receptor dynamics in a whisker deflection-associated Go/No-go learning paradigm. We found a significant increase in synaptosomal AMPA receptor subunits GluA1 in WT mice after learning, while no such changes were detected in 7-mo-old 5xFAD mice. Daily training led to an increase in endogenous spine surface GluA1 in Control mice, while this increase was absent in 5xFAD-KI mice which correlates with its learning defects in Go/No-go paradigm. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the onset of abnormal AMPAR dynamics corresponds temporally with microglia and astrocyte overactivation. Our results have shown that impairments in endogenous AMPA receptor dynamics play an important role in learning deficits in 5xFAD mice and AD pathogenesis.
A robust, agnostic molecular biosignature based on machine learning
Authors: Cleaves H. James , Hystad Grethe , Prabhu Anirudh , Wong Michael L. , Cody George D. , Economon Sophia , Hazen Robert M.
Published: September 2023

The search for definitive biosignatures—unambiguous markers of past or present life—is a central goal of paleobiology and astrobiology. We used pyrolysis–gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to analyze chemically disparate samples, including living cells, geologically processed fossil organic material, carbon-rich meteorites, and laboratory-synthesized organic compounds and mixtures. Data from each sample were employed as training and test subsets for machine-learning methods, which resulted in a model that can identify the biogenicity of both contemporary and ancient geologically processed samples with ~90% accuracy. These machine-learning methods do not rely on precise compound identification: Rather, the relational aspects of chromatographic and mass peaks provide the needed information, which underscores this method’s utility for detecting alien biology.
Met receptor is essential for MAVS-mediated antiviral innate immunity in epithelial cells independent of its kinase activity
Authors: Imamura Ryu , Sato Hiroki , Chih-Cheng Voon Dominic , Shirasaki Takayoshi , Honda Masao , Kurachi Makoto , Sakai Katsuya , Matsumoto Kunio
Published: September 2023

Epithelial tissue is at the forefront of innate immunity, playing a crucial role in the recognition and elimination of pathogens. Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is necessary for epithelial cell survival, proliferation, and regeneration. Here, we showed that Met is essential for the induction of cytokine production by cytosolic nonself double-stranded RNA through retinoic acid–inducible gene-I-like receptors (RLRs) in epithelial cells. Surprisingly, the tyrosine kinase activity of Met was dispensable for promoting cytokine production. Rather, the intracellular carboxy terminus of Met interacted with mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) in RLR-mediated signaling to directly promote MAVS signalosome formation. These studies revealed a kinase activity–independent function of Met in the promotion of antiviral innate immune responses, defining dual roles of Met in both regeneration and immune responses in the epithelium.
RETRACTED: DAT (deacylating autotransporter toxin) from
Bordetella parapertussis
demyristoylates Gα
i
GTPases and contributes to cough
Authors: Hiramatsu Yukihiro , Nishida Takashi , Ota Natsuko , Tamaki Yuki , Nugraha Dendi K. , Horiguchi Yasuhiko
Published: September 2023

The pathogenic bacteria
Bordetella pertussis
and
Bordetella parapertussis
cause pertussis (whooping cough) and pertussis-like disease, respectively, both of which are characterized by paroxysmal coughing. We previously reported that pertussis toxin (PTx), which inactivates heterotrimeric GTPases of the G
i
family through ADP-ribosylation of their α subunits, causes coughing in combination with Vag8 and lipid A in
B. pertussis
infection. In contrast, the mechanism of cough induced by
B. parapertussis
, which produces Vag8 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) containing lipid A, but not PTx, remained to be elucidated. Here, we show that a toxin we named deacylating autotransporter toxin (DAT) of
B. parapertussis
inactivates heterotrimeric G
i
GTPases through demyristoylation of their α subunits and contributes to cough production along with Vag8 and LPS. These results indicate that DAT plays a role in
B. parapertussis
infection in place of PTx.
The giant flexoelectric effect in a luffa plant-based sponge for green devices and energy harvesters
Authors: Jiang Yudi , Yan Dongze , Wang Jianxiang , Shao Li-Hua , Sharma Pradeep
Published: September 2023

Soft materials that can produce electrical energy under mechanical stimulus or deform significantly via moderate electrical fields are important for applications ranging from soft robotics to biomedical science. Piezoelectricity, the property that would ostensibly promise such a realization, is notably absent from typical soft matter. Flexoelectricity is an alternative form of electromechanical coupling that universally exists in all dielectrics and can generate electricity under nonuniform deformation such as flexure and conversely, a deformation under inhomogeneous electrical fields. The flexoelectric coupling effect is, however, rather modest for most materials and thus remains a critical bottleneck. In this work, we argue that a significant emergent flexoelectric response can be obtained by leveraging a hierarchical porous structure found in biological materials. We experimentally illustrate our thesis for a natural dry luffa vegetable-based sponge and demonstrate an extraordinarily large mass- and deformability-specific electromechanical response with the highest-density-specific equivalent piezoelectric coefficient known for any material (50 times that of polyvinylidene fluoride and more than 10 times that of lead zirconate titanate). Finally, we demonstrate the application of the fabricated natural sponge as green, biodegradable flexible smart devices in the context of sensing (e.g., for speech, touch pressure) and electrical energy harvesting.
The circulation of knowledge vs the mobility of translation, or
how mobile are translators and translations?
Authors: Hofeneder Philipp
Published: September 2023

One way of doing research on translation history
is to measure and analyse translations (for a classic example see
Pym and Chrupała
2005). This quantitative approach normally focuses on
published translations between different languages and as such is
limited in several respects. First, it focuses primarily on
translations as products of translatorial activities. Secondly,
translation flows are mostly structured along particular source and
target languages, which are more than often not equated with
particular political entities. In my contribution I would like to
adopt a spatial approach to these translation flows. In doing so, I
focus not only on translations as physical objects but also on the
agents enabling them, that is authors, translators and finally
readers. My aim is to reconstruct patterns of mobility of relevant
agents and objects in translation which together constitute a
so-called translatorial space. Where do these agents live and work?
Where are these works published and where are the readers of these
works located? Is the mobility of ideas automatically connected to
the mobility of people or objects? In this respect it is not
important that a certain language or literature circulates, but how
it disseminates beyond its initial place(s) of origin.
A transatlantic flow of Spanish and Catalan romans-à-clef
Authors: Monzón Rodríguez Sofía
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the editions of

romans-à-clef
written by
Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, and Lawrence Durrell, those that traveled
from South America to the Iberian Peninsula in the 1960s, and the
Spanish and Catalan translations carried out domestically in Spain.
It aims to identify the network of agents that facilitated the
translations by examining archival material on the circulation and
reception of the works included in my case studies: Miller’s
Tropic of Cancer and Black
Spring, Nin’s A Spy in the House of
Love and Ladders to Fire, and
Durrell’s Justine and Balthazar,
which arrived in Franco’s Spain (sometimes smuggled editions, often
censored versions and even “non-translations”). With this
documentary material, I illustrate how the translators, publishers
and censors involved in this translation flow between North America,
Argentina and Francoist Spain interacted to shape the reception of
these novels for the Spanish and Catalan readership.
Nollywood and indigenous language translation flows
Authors: Botha Maricel
Published: September 2023

Africa’s multiplicity of languages has seen
little manifestation in large-scale translation flows of the
indigenous African languages in the post-independence period,
largely because of the hegemony of ex-colonial languages. Against
this background, Nollywood’s stimulation of translation from and
into indigenous African languages in a way that crosses national
borders and exhibits some “velocity” is exceptional. This chapter
investigates Nollywood’s relationship with indigenous language
translation and accounts for the conditions that promote indigenous
language use in inter-societal information flows. The investigation
employs the concepts of selective mediation and permeability as
described in Sergey Tyulenev’s application of Niklas Luhmann’s
social systems theory to explore how Nollywood-stimulated indigenous
language translations can pierce through language barriers, while
operating selectively under the influence of social and ideological
conditioning.
Using smartpens and digital pens in interpreter
training and interpreting research
Authors: Orlando Marc
Published: September 2023

For over a decade, digital pen technology has been
investigated, trialled and recommended for use in interpreter training and
interpreting research, whether as a tool to develop metacognitive activities
and provide feedback in the interpreting classroom, or as an instrument to
test and explore various areas of interpreting research (e.g. note-taking
processes, hybrid modes, cognitive load) in new ways. This chapter aims at reviewing
and taking stock of the training and research initiatives undertaken on
digital pens and smartpens, as well as at looking ahead and
making suggestions about equipment and potential future initiatives that
would benefit interpreting students, educators, and researchers.
Public service interpreters’ perceptions and acceptance of remote
interpreting technologies in times of a pandemic
Authors: Stengers Hélène , Lázaro Gutiérrez Raquel , Kerremans Koen
Published: September 2023

In the past two decades, the use of technology in the
professional practice of interpreting has evolved at an impressive pace. The
fast development of communication and digital technologies has led to
profound changes in how interpreting services are delivered. In this study,
we present the results of a questionnaire study into public service interpreters’
perceptions and acceptance of remote interpreting technologies (RITs). The
survey was conducted through an online questionnaire containing both
closed and open-ended questions, and taps into public service
interpreters’ use of remote interpreting technologies, the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on the use of these technologies and interpreters’
acceptance of the technologies in different settings of PSI.
Automatic speech translation in the classroom and lecture
setting
Authors: Lewis William D. , Niehues Jan
Published: September 2023

With dramatic improvements in quality for the
technologies underlying Speech Translation, e.g., Speech Recognition and
Machine Translation, the potential viability of Speech Translation in
certain scenarios may finally be within reach. This is no truer than in
educational settings where, with ever-growing immigration and an
increasingly global workforce, multilingual classrooms and educational
settings have become the norm around the world rather than the exception.
The problem is that many educational institutions are faced with the
daunting challenge of meeting the needs of upwards of 30–100 language
communities simultaneously. Scenarios include providing translated content
or instruction to linguistically diverse student populations, often in the
same classroom, and parent-educator interactions, sometimes individually but
also often in group settings. In the former scenario, speech translation
technology can be a bridge between the student’s home language and the
dominant language used in the classroom and an aid for learning the dominant
language. In the latter scenario, parents, unlike their children, may never
achieve proficiency in the dominant language(s), yet still need to be
involved in their children’s education. The technology can provide them
access where otherwise there may be none, or where the options may be
severely limited. The large-scale multilingual requirements of these
immigrant and diverse communities when interacting with educators generally
defies reliable human-centric solutions and begs for technological ones.
Local language in the context of political divides
Authors: Mendoza Ronald U. , Domingo Cristine Lian C. , Mendoza Gabrielle Ann S. , Yap Jurel K.
Published: September 2023

As populist leaders leverage disparities across geographic and language communities, democracies are threatened by
an increasingly divisive political climate that compromises public discussions. This study evaluates how the basic communication
strategy of utilizing local languages in information campaigns can help overcome divides by encouraging engagement and
discussions. We conduct a field experiment to assess whether using the four most prevalent languages in the Philippines
(Cebuano-Bisaya, Ilonggo-Hiligaynon, Ilokano, and Waray-Samarnon) can increase engagement in online materials for targeted
linguistic groups. Through split-testing on Facebook, we find evidence that local language materials are more likely to catch the
attention of the audience and increase engagement. Qualitative validation shows that local language use is an effective tool to
build self-efficacy for linguistic groups to join in on national conversations, and serves as an identity marker to evoke a sense
of pride and community. These findings open opportunities for evidence-guided social media campaign strategies.
A shared linguistic system of multilingual representations
Authors: Slabakova Roumyana
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses multilingual linguistic
representations and probes the question of whether they
form a shared linguistic system. Recent psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic studies of multilingual individuals
suggest that this is indeed the case. Taking Minimalist morphosyntax
and Lardiere’s (2009)
feature reassembly as starting points, we consider whether a feature
bundle can be updated and re-assembled as a complete
unit in the third language, or whether it has to be broken down into
separate features which are updated separately. The latter
option makes sure that features from both known languages, if they
are acquired to a functional level, can exert cross-linguistic
influence (CLI). Restructuring each feature bundle
depends not just on the availability of facilitation, but on other
properties of the input which affect
what becomes intake in the additional grammar. Both experiential
factors (such as dominance and proficiency) and linguistic factors
(such as frequency in the input and complexity) can and do affect
the acquisition process.
Comparing two notions of transfer in third language
phonological acquisition
Authors: Desmarais Martin
Published: September 2023

In third language
acquisition (L3A) research on cross-linguistic influence, much of the
emphasis of the existing acquisition models has been on the
transfer of morphosyntactic features,
leaving phonology understudied. This chapter seeks to assess
the empirical adequacy of two competing hypotheses of
transfer and establish their potential value for future
L3
phonology research: Full Transfer
(FT) and Full Transfer
Potential (FTP). I review previous L3
phonological studies and examine how FT and FTP could
explain the data patterns. My analyses suggest that FTP
provides greater empirical coverage and more explanatory
potential than FT. Though better in accounting for sources
of L3 phonological transfer post facto and beyond the
initial stage, FTP may be
limited concerning its core idea that “anything
may transfer” (Westergaard, 2019).
L3 prosody
Authors: Han Qianwen , Tian Jing Xuan , Chen Hsueh Chu
Published: September 2023

The direction of cross-linguistic
influence (CLI) of phonological features among L1, L2, and L3 of a multilingual depends indispensably on the
proficiency levels of the L2 and the L3. Cantonese speakers in Guangdong Province have
Mandarin as an L2 and English as an
L3, while Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong have English as an
L2 and Mandarin as an L3. This study aims to examine the CLI
of Cantonese multilinguals’ Mandarin pitch
span and the existence of the neutral tone on the
pitch of stressed syllables and the duration
of unstressed syllables in their English utterances. The
study analyzed English and Mandarin speech data collected
from 18 Cantonese multilinguals from Hong Kong and Guangdong
Province. The results revealed progressive and regressive
phonological CLI across the
three languages spoken by the Cantonese multilinguals
with different L2 and L3 proficiency levels.
Wave-Particle Duality via Quantum Fisher Information
Authors: Niu 牛 Chang 畅 , Yu 郁 Sixia 司夏
Published: September 2023

Quantum Fisher information (QFI) plays an important role in quantum metrology, placing the ultimate limit to how precise we can estimate some unknown parameter and thus quantifying how much information we can extract. We observe that both the wave and particle properties within a Mach–Zehnder interferometer can naturally be quantified by QFI. Firstly, the particle property can be quantified by how well one can estimate the a priori probability of the path taken by the particle within the interferometer. Secondly, as the interference pattern is always related to some phase difference, the wave property can be quantified by how well one can estimate the phase parameter of the original state. With QFI as the unified figure of merit for both properties, we propose a more general and stronger wave-particle duality relation than the original one derived by Englert.
Efficiency Bound of Learning with Coarse Graining
Authors: Li 李 Minghao 明昊 , Xia 夏 Shihao 世豪 , Wang 王 Youlin 有林 , Lv 律 Minglong 明龙 , Chen 陈 Jincan 金灿 , Su 苏 Shanhe 山河
Published: September 2023

A thermodynamic formalism describing the efficiency of information learning is proposed, which is applicable to stochastic thermodynamic systems with multiple internal degrees of freedom. The learning rate, entropy production rate and entropy flow from the system to the environment under coarse-grained dynamics are derived. The Cauchy–Schwarz inequality is applied to demonstrate the lower bound on the entropy production rate of an internal state. The inequality of the entropy production rate is tighter than the Clausius inequality, leading to a derivative of the upper bound on the efficiency of learning. The results are verified in cellular networks with information processes.
Tidally-induced nonlinear resonances in EMRIs with an analogue model
Authors: Bronicki David , Cárdenas-Avendaño Alejandro , Stein Leo C
Published: September 2023

One of the important targets for the future space-based gravitational wave observatory Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), where long and accurate waveform modeling is necessary for detection and characterization. Modeling EMRI dynamics requires accounting for effects such as the ones induced by an external tidal field, which can break integrability at resonances and cause significant dephasing. In this paper, we use a Newtonian analogue of a Kerr black hole to study the effect of an external tidal field on the dynamics and the gravitational waveform. We have developed a numerical framework that takes advantage of the integrability of the background system to evolve it with a symplectic splitting integrator, and compute approximate gravitational waveforms to estimate the timescale over which the perturbation affects the dynamics. Comparing this timescale with the characteristic time under radiation reaction at resonance, we introduce a tool for quantifying the regime in which tidal effects might be included when modeling EMRI gravitational waves. As an application of this framework, we perform a detailed analysis of the dynamics at one resonance to show how different entry points into the resonance in phase-space can produce substantially different dynamics, and how one can estimate bounds for the parameter space where tidal effects may become dominant. Such bounds will scale asε≳Cq, whereɛmeasures the strength of the external tidal field,qis the mass ratio, andCis a number which depends on the resonance and the shape of the tide. We demonstrate how to estimateCusing our framework for the 2:3 radial to polar frequency resonance in our model system. This framework can serve as a proxy for proper modeling of the tidal perturbation in the fully relativistic case.
Data-driven prediction of the output composition of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Lin Li , Gershman Sophia , Raitses Yevgeny , Keidar Michael
Published: September 2023

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in open air hosts numerous chemical species engaged in thousands of chemical reactions. Comprehensive diagnosis of its chemical composition is important across various fields from medicine, where reactive oxygen and nitrogen play key roles, to surface modification. In applications, a centimeter-scale helium–air jet operates for minutes, featuring micrometer-sized streamers and an atmospheric pressure-induced collision frequency in the hundreds of GHz range. To address this intricate multi-scale issue, we introduce a machine learning approach: using a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to tackle the multi-scale complexities inherent in predicting the complete list of species concentrations, gas temperature, and electron temperature of a CAP jet supplied with a mixture of helium and air. Experimental measurements of O3, N2O, and NO2 concentrations downstream of the plasma jet, combined with fundamental physics laws, the conservation of mass and charge, constrain the PINN, enabling it to predict the concentrations of all species that are not available from the experiment, along with gas and electron temperatures. The results, therefore, obey all the physical laws we provided and can have a chemical balance with the measured concentrations. This methodology holds promise for describing and potentially regulating complex systems with limited experimental datasets.
Spin dynamics of triaxial odd mass nuclei with quasiparticle alignments
Authors: Budaca R , Budaca A I
Published: September 2023

The dynamics of medium odd-mass nuclei with triaxial cores and non-axial rigid quasiparticle alignments is investigated in a semiclassical approach. Quantum observables are computed with a Schrödinger equation, constructed from the classical picture, which has the total angular momentum projection as a continuous variable. The separation of potential energy as a function of the chosen variable allows the phenomenological interpretation of the spectra in terms of wobbling oscillations and tilted axis rotations. The experimental realization of the model is presented for the collective bands of 105Pd, 133La and 135Pr nuclei. In particular, a novel transitional phase associated with a tilted axis wobbling was suggested for the 133La nucleus.
Application of interface treatment at different position p-nc-Si:H hole collector of silicon heterojunction cells
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Zhang Yubo , Wang Xuejiao , Wang Jilei , Chen Guanlan , Zou Qiaojiao , Han Wei , Liu Ying , Yang Liyou , Chen Xinliang , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: September 2023

The hole collector in silicon heterojunction cells serves not only as an integral component of the p/n junction, determining the strength of the built-in electric field, but also as a layer responsible for hole transport, thereby affecting carrier transport capacity. To enhance carrier extraction and transport properties of the hole collector, various interface treatments have been employed on p-type nanocrystalline (p-nc-Si:H) hole collectors. Through an examination of characteristics such as dark conductivity, crystallinity, and contact resistance, the impact of interface treatment on p-nc-Si:H hole collectors is clarified. Furthermore, considering distinct requirements for the hole collector at different locations, interface treatment processes are optimized accordingly. The introduction of interface treatment on p-nc-Si:H hole collectors has demonstrated significant enhancement of both front and rear junction cell efficiencies, which increased from 17.74% to 21.61% and from 16.83% to 20.92%, respectively.
Control of physical properties in BiFeO3 nanoparticles via Sm3+ and Co2+ ion doping
Authors: Papadopoulos Kyrillos , Myrovali Eirini , Dubey Astita , Malletzidou Lamprini , Lupascu Doru C , Shvartsman Vladimir V , Wiedwald Ulf , Angelakeris Mavroeidis
Published: September 2023

Highly crystalline BiFeO3 (BFO), Bi0.97Sm0.03FeO3 (Sm-BFO) and BiFe0.97Co0.03O3 (Co-BFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were utilized as potential magnetic hyperthermia agents at two different frequencies in the radiofrequency (RF) range, and the effect of Sm3+ and Co2+ ion doping on the physical properties of the material was examined. The thermal behaviour of the as-prepared powders disclosed that the crystallization temperature of the powders is affected by the incorporation of the dopants into the BFO lattice and the Curie transition temperature is decreased upon doping. Vibrational analysis confirmed the formation of the R3c phase in all compounds through the characteristic FT-IR absorbance bands assigned to O–Fe–O bending vibration and Fe–O stretching of the octahedral FeO6 group in the perovskite, as well as through Raman spectroscopy. The shift of the Raman-active phonon modes in Sm-BFO and Co-BFO NPs indicated structural distortion of the BFO lattice, which resulted in increased local polarization and enhanced visible light absorption. The aqueous dispersion of Co-BFO NPs showed the highest magnetic hyperthermia performance at 30 mT/765 kHz, entering the therapeutic temperature window for cancer treatment, whereas the heating efficiency of all samples was increased with increasing frequency from 375 to 765 kHz, making our doped nanoparticles to be suitable candidates for potential biomedical applications.
Characterizing the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions at the LHC with mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow correlations
Authors: Nielsen Emil Gorm
Published: September 2023

The study of the initial conditions of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the subsequent development of hot and dense nuclear matter at the LHC is fundamental for the understanding of the strong nuclear force. The traditional approach of comparing observables with hydrodynamical models based on different initial conditions typically fails to isolate the effects of the initial conditions due to the sensitivity of the observables to the collective behaviour of the expanding system. Correlations of the mean transverse momentum [p
T] and the anisotropic flow Fourier coefficients v
n have been shown to serve as a unique probe of the initial conditions of the heavy-ion collisions with little to no bias from final state effects.

In this talk, correlations between [p
T] and v
2 or v
3 are presented as a function of centrality in Pb−Pb and Xe−Xe collisions at

s

N
N

=
5.02

TeV and

s

N
N

=
5.44

TeV, respectively, measured with ALICE. Additionally, measurements of the higher-order correlation between [p
T], v
2, and v
3 is measured for the first time. All of these measurements are compared with hydrodynamical models using IP-Glasma or TRENTo initial conditions. The former is based on Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation and the latter is a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data is best described by models using IP-Glasma initial conditions, whereas the TRENTo based models fail to describe the data regardless of the parametrization.