bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cartonnage of Paysetjenfy (SMDAN 1353) Found in Dra Abu el-Naga
Authors: Díaz-Iglesias Llanos Lucía , Hunkeler Charlotte
Published: October 2024

In 2016, the Spanish Mission at Dra Abu el-Naga (hereafter SMDAN), directed by José M. Galán, found eight cartonnage mummy-cases. They were torn into pieces and discovered in the largest shaft and burial chamber of a group of funerary and commemorative structures that are located to the south-west of the open courtyard of the tomb-chapel belonging to Djehuty (TT 11). Built during the late 17th or early 18th dynasties, the shaft and chamber were thoroughly plundered and repeatedly reused over several centuries, especially during the Third Intermediate Period. One of the cartonnages, SMDAN 1353, made for Paysetjenfy, has been selected for a comprehensive analysis of its decoration, including its state of preservation, technique of execution and its textual and iconographic content. A combined study of the archaeological context and the materiality of this artefact, with a search for parallels for its decoration and an investigation into the genealogical and prosopographic information concerning its owner are undertaken. This type of research will help to contextualise this cartonnage within the Theban manufacturing industry of cartonnage cases and the complex social structure of families bearing the highest ranks in the priesthood of Amun during the 22nd dynasty.
An Excellent Scribe and Servant of the Great Goddess
Authors: Furutani Jordan
Published: October 2024

CT 533, one of the divine scribe spells among the Coffin Texts, is an important early example of the interaction of Thoth and Hathor. The spell’s text, textual history, and theology are extensively discussed in order to expose the early form of the Myth of Distant Goddess as well as early concepts of Thoth’s role in her pacification. The spell’s earliest versions primarily dealt with Thoth as advocate for the deceased, in its later manifestations the spell uses Hathoric material related to the Myth of the Distant Goddess to reinforce these themes. This development is connected to the cult-center at Cusae.
Not a Temple but a Tomb: The Architectural Drawings on Pap. Berlin P 15781 and 15782A + B
Authors: Dorn Andreas
Published: October 2024

Based on a reassessment of the papyri Pap. Berlin P 15871 and 1582A+B with the correction of several readings, particularly one of the three determinatives of
(i) “shrine”, the key word for their earlier interpretations, it is suggested that the architectural drawings do not show a rock cut temple or a hemi-speos but KV 5, the so-called tomb of the sons of Ramesses II in the Valley of the Kings. Differences in the handwriting, in the depiction of the bedrock pattern surrounding the rectangular rooms, and other observations suggest that more than one person was involved in the creation of the architectural drawings. As suggested in the past, they belonged to at least two different papyri. Terms referring to work in progress indicate that the papyri are related to work in progress, as opposed to other architectural drawings which represent the beginning or final stages of tomb construction projects.
Bausteinkasten zur Einführung flexibler mobiler Robotik
Authors: Straub Natalia , Schrage Tobias , Thayaparan Thanushan , Bömer Thomas
Published: October 2024

Autonomous mobile robots are a key factor in maintaining the competitiveness of companies in Germany. However, their implementation and operation in brownfield environments pose various challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises. The FlexTools research project aims to help these companies with a modular toolbox to facilitate the customization and operation of autonomous mobile robots.
Kaskadiertes Entscheidungsmodell für die werterhaltende Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Perau Martin , Gaillard Antoine , Caspari Phil , Kaven Lea , Spindeldreier Svenja , Schröer Tobias , Schmitt Robert H. , Boos Wolfgang
Published: October 2024

The necessary transformation from a linear to a circular economy enables the decoupling of economic growth and resource consumption. The economic and ecological potential of the circular economy is increased by the simultaneous implementation of several circular strategies. However, this form of implementation requires diverse and complex decisions for operational processing. The developed cascading decision model differentiates these decisions within different levels of the value creation system.
Umsetzungsbeispiele der Software-definierten Produktion
Authors: Vettermann Steven
Published: October 2024

Traditional automation technologies cannot fully exploit the possibilities of digitalization. Software-defined production represents a way out. Here, the rigid automation pyramid is dissolved and replaced by networked services. This not only makes production in the manufacturing and process industries more flexible and efficient, but also enables, for example, the meaningful use of AI and the exploitation of sustainability potentials. This article uses examples to describe possibilities and potentials of implementing software-defined production.
Entwicklung eines automatischen Open-Source-Werkzeugwechslers
Authors: Redlich Tobias , Omer Mohammed , Moritz Manuel , Ingrassia Daniele
Published: October 2024

Open source machine tools (OSMT) have the potential to democratize manufacturing by lowering access barriers, enabling new modes of value creation. However, there is still a lack of an open source automatic tool changer (ATC), due to its inherent complexity in terms of mechanical design and control. An ATC system is crucial for automating manufacturing processes that require multiple operations with different tools for a complete production step. This paper describes the design of a fully open source ATC concept, detailing its mechanical design and control schematic.
Voices from La Frontera
Authors: Leyva Yolanda Chávez , Ortega Kimberly Sumano
Published: October 2024

Established in 1972, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) Institute of Oral History (IOH) holds the largest collection of border-related oral histories in the United States. Containing interviews dating back to the 1960s, the collection is particularly strong with themes related to labor, immigration, the Bracero Program, and the Mexican Revolution. This article explores the history of the U.S. Border Patrol as gleaned from UTEP oral histories. El Paso and the Border Patrol have a very long and complicated history. The first officers were stationed in El Paso and the first training academy was there. Today, the presence of the Border Patrol is ubiquitous. Using the collection, we investigate what oral histories can tell us that official government documents cannot. How did Border Patrol officers feel about their work and about the people they encountered trying to enter the United States? How did the day-to-day work of Border Patrol officers change over time while the mission of the agency “to detect and prevent the illegal entry of individuals into the United States” remained the same? The article also sheds light on the response of migrants and immigration advocates to the work of the Border Patrol.
Electric Eyes
Authors: Toffoli Erica
Published: October 2024

In 1977, U.S. Border Patrol Pilot George Watson praised the latest addition to the agency’s fleet in a photo-essay for INS Reporter. “A new dimension in enforcement capability began with the Hughes 500 helicopter,” he vowed. To illustrate the fruits of modernization, Watson included aerial shots of an arrest in the San Ysidro desert. “Before,” he explained, “aliens” would “sweep across” the border. Now, “Fox Trot’s light in the sky is bad news. Migrants hit the deck. They cannot escape.” Less than a decade later, the magazine admitted that, for the first time, one million “illegals” had been apprehended in a single year. Despite the slew of surveillance technologies at its disposal—helicopters, infrared scopes, night-vision goggles, low-light television systems, and “electric eye” ground sensors—the Border Patrol was outmatched.

This article mines interviews, memoirs, promotional materials, and archival photographs from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) History Office and Library to flesh out the intimate links between visuality, surveillance, border policing, and xenophobic nationalism. Amid hysteria over unauthorized migration in the wake of the Bracero Program (1942–1964), the Border Patrol began to represent sovereignty on the U.S.–Mexico line as a visual project. It resurrected rudimentary tools (e.g. sign cutting) and adopted increasingly sophisticated optical devices. To advertise its vigilance, the agency turned to the camera. Via publicity and commemorative projects, the Border Patrol crafted an institutional iconography that showcased its prescient, scientific oversight even as it displayed the U.S.–Mexico boundary’s persistent insecurity. Throughout, it positioned the undocumented as invasive enemies. Ultimately, the Border Patrol leaned on a visual culture that glorified surveillance to justify the state’s sovereign right to police mobility. Insidiously, it fueled xenophobia by othering Mexican migrants. And it reimagined the U.S.–Mexico border as the site of a forever war: a perpetually vulnerable zone where perfected observation was a required—but never finished—pursuit.
Anarcho-Motherhood, Border Controls, and Resistance in the Greater U.S.–Mexico Borderlands
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: October 2024

This article centers the labor activism of two Mexican borderland anarchists, Caritina Piña and Felipa Velásquez, who politicized the idea of motherhood from a radical, anti-state, and labor-union centered perspective to speak on behalf of all workers during the 1920s, an era of increased border controls. Through an examination of their lived experiences—which included participation in direct action (strikes, land assaults), written petitions to heads of state on behalf of political prisoners, and news sharing of key labor issues across state and international borders—Piña and Velásquez embodied a countermovement against increased border surveillance that stood as a reminder of how labor activists, too, shaped the contours of border policy from their respective communities.
Fertility Treatment and Preservation Options for Transgender and Gender Diverse People
Authors: Rubin Elizabeth , Palmor Marissa , Amato Paula
Published: October 2024

Years of growing research demonstrate that transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people desire fertility counseling and family building, however social and medical factors can impact future fertility options. Fortunately, TGD individuals have many viable options for family building using their own gametes and/or reproductive organs. However, the nuanced ways in which different gender affirming treatments affect reproduction, the interplay with non-treatment related infertility factors, and mitigation of likely dysphoria triggers are all critical to actual utilization. This review focuses on fertility treatment and preservation options for TGD patients and highlights these influential social and medical factors. Fertility treatments may be associated with worsening gender dysphoria in TGD people, and an affirming clinical environment and conscientious provider approach is paramount to treatment success. However, reducing gender dysphoria can also require specific changes to medically assisted reproduction and sperm collection protocols, some which carry the potential for diminished outcomes or unknown effects. Adolescents undergoing fertility preservation treatments may need more support or additional protocol modifications, and outcomes may be poorer in this age group compared with adults. Testicular and ovarian tissue cryopreservation may present a fertility preservation option for prepubertal TGD children, however in-vitro gamete maturation remains experimental in this situation.
Myths and Realities of Rural Schools. The Voice of Families and Teachers
Authors: Raposo-Rivas Manuela , Sierra-Martínez Silvia , Alonso-Ferreiro Almudena , García-Fuentes Olalla , Zabalza-Cerdeiriña María Ainoa
Published: October 2024

Introduction. By invoking Shakespeare’s famous query, ‘to be or not to be, that is the question,’ this study examines rural schools by exploring the beliefs and myths surrounding them and contrasting these perceptions with the realities of daily life in 6 unitary rural schools located in the northwest of Spain. Aims. This study aims to listen to and shed light on the perspectives and feelings of families and teachers in rural schools with multi-grade classrooms. Method. Using a multiple case study design and triangulating qualitative instruments (photovoice, incomplete sentence prompts, and observation), we analyzed the evaluations and experiences of 76 families and 18 teachers concerning the context, the educational practice, and the internal sphere of rural schools. The data were processed through content analysis using ATLAS.ti 22 software, resulting in the identification of 8 categories and 3 dimensions: space and resources, coexistence, teaching and learning in rural schools. Results. The findings reveal several myths and idealizations held by teachers and families regarding the following aspects: the natural rural environment; facilities, infrastructures, resources, and services; coexistence; individualisation, multi-grade classrooms, and academic performance in rural schools. Conclusions. The study concluded that some of these myths do not align with the actual conditions of the studied environment. Rural schools can offer authentic, high-quality learning experiences on equal terms with other educational institutions, dependent on the mediation of the teaching teams that work in them. The study allows for reflection and provides information not only to visibility of rural schools and empower them but also to make decisions enable their educational improvement.
COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON CRYOGELS
Authors: ALTUNINA L.K. , MANZHAI V.N. , FUFAEVA M.S.
Published: October 2024

Two methods for the transition of aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from the liquid state of aggregation to the solid state are considered. Freezing an aqueous solution of PVA at a negative temperature and subsequent thawing at a positive temperature result in the formation of rubber-like cryogels. Another way is chemical crosslinking of kinetically individual PVA macromolecules to spatial networks having elastic properties. Sodium tetraborate was used to structure aqueous PVA solutions. The rheological properties of a two-component aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol were studied. The study shows that the polymer solution exhibits the properties characteristic of non-Newtonian liquids. The kinetics of gelation of the products of chemical structuring of aqueous PVA solutions with an aqueous sodium tetraborate solution was studied. It is shown that viscosity increases with time as a consequence of chemical interaction. The mechanical properties of carbon-containing composite materials obtained by various methods have been investigated. It has been determined that the most durable materials are those formed by the cryotropic method and those chemically structured after cryogenic treatments. The stress-strain and moisture-resistant properties of carbon materials enable their use as fuel briquettes with a minimum amount of a binder. They can also serve as high-energy fuels for domestic and industrial purposes. The chemical method of structuring a PVA solution can be used for dust control in coal mines.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYDROTHERMAL LIGNIN CARBONISATION TEMPERATURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF BIOCHAR AS A POTENTIAL SOLID FUEL
Authors: KRYSANOVA K.O. , IVANTSOV M.I. , SOTNIKOVA A.E. , KRYLOVA A.YU. , KULIKOVA M.V.
Published: October 2024

The effect of hydrothermal carbonisation temperature (190-250 °C) on the properties of biochar produced from hydrolytic lignin was studied. Biochar was investigated using a set of physicochemical methods; its elemental, proximate and thermal analysis was carried out. It is shown that an increase in the temperature of hydrothermal treatment has a negative effect on biochar yield but allows obtaining a more thermally stable product with fuel characteristics comparable with those of brown coal.
ЧИСЛЕННОЕ И МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ГЕННОЙ СЕТИ С НЕЛИНЕЙНОЙ ДЕГРАДАЦИЕЙ КОМПОНЕНТ
Authors: ГОЛУБЯТНИКОВ В.П. , КИРИЛЛОВА Н.Е. , МИНУШКИНА Л.С.
Published: October 2024

Для трёхмерной динамической системы, моделирующей функционирование генной сети с нелинейной деградацией её компонент, доказана единственность стационарной точки. Средствами качественной теории обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений получены условия существования циклов, и в фазовом портрете системы описана инвариантная область, содержащая все такие циклы. Проведены вычислительные эксперименты с траекториями этой системы.

For a 3-dimensional dynamical system considered as a model of a gene network with nonlinear degradation of its components, the uniqueness of an equilibrium point is proved. Using approaches of qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, we find conditions of existence of a cycle of this system and describe an invariant domain which contains all such cycles in the phase portrait. Numerical experiments with trajectories of this system are conducted.
НОВЫЕ АПОСТЕРИОРНЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ ОШИБКИ ДЛЯ ЗАДАЧ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ, ОПИСЫВАЕМЫХ ПАРАБОЛИЧЕСКИМИ ИНТЕГРО-ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНЫМИ УРАВНЕНИЯМИ
Authors: ЧЕН Х. , ХОУ Т.
Published: October 2024

В данной статье мы даем новый апостериорный анализ ошибок для линейной конечно-элементной аппроксимации параболической интегро-дифференциальной задачи оптимального управления. Состояние и сопряженное состояние аппроксимируются кусочно-линейными функциями, тогда как переменная управления дискретизируется с использованием метода вариационной дискретизации. Сначала мы определяем эллиптические реконструкции численных решений, а затем обсуждаем апостериорные оценки ошибок для всех переменных.

In this paper, we provide a new a posteriori error analysis for a linear finite element approximation of a parabolic integro-differential optimal control problem. The state and co-state are approximated by piecewise linear functions, while the control variable is discretized by a variational discretization method. We first define elliptic reconstructions of numerical solutions and then discuss a posteriori error estimates for all variables.
ОБРАТНАЯ ЗАДАЧА ДЛЯ МОДЕЛИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ С УЧЕТОМ ВОЗРАСТА ОРГАНИЗМОВ И МИГРАЦИОННЫХ ПОТОКОВ
Authors: ЩЕГЛОВ А.Ю. , НЕТЕСОВ С.В.
Published: October 2024

Рассматривается обратная задача восстановления коэффициента в дифференциальном уравнении модели развития однородной биологической популяции организмов, структурированных по возрасту. В модели учитывается влияние миграционных потоков на изменение размера популяции. Устанавливаются условия, обеспечивающие единственность решения обратной задачи. Предлагается краткий обзор алгоритмов для численного решения обратной задачи.

An inverse problem of reconstructing a coefficient in the differential equation of a model of development for a homogeneous biological population of organisms structured by age is considered. The model takes into account the impact of migration flows on population size changes. Conditions are established to ensure the uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem. A brief overview of algorithms for the numerical solution of the inverse problem is provided.
ВЫБОР АППРОКСИМАЦИОННЫХ БАЗИСОВ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ В КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫХ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ АЛГОРИТМАХ ПРИБЛИЖЕНИЯ ВЕРОЯТНОСТНЫХ ПЛОТНОСТЕЙ ПО ЗАДАННОЙ ВЫБОРКЕ
Authors: ВОЙТИШЕК А.В. , ШЛЫМБЕТОВ Н.Х.
Published: October 2024

В данной работе сформулированы требования по выбору аппроксимационного базиса при построении экономичных оптимизированных вычислительных (компьютерных) функциональных алгоритмов приближения вероятностной плотности по заданной выборке, при этом особое внимание уделено свойствам устойчивости и аппроксимации используемых базисов. Показано, что с точки зрения выполнения сформулированных требований и возможности построения конструктивных подходов к условной оптимизации используемых численных схем наилучшими качествами обладают мультилинейная аппроксимация и соответствующий ей специальный частный случай для одновременно ядерных и проекционных вычислительных алгоритмов непараметрической оценки плотности - многомерный аналог полигона частот.

In this paper we formulate the requirements for choosing approximation bases in constructing cost-effective optimized computational (numerical) functional algorithms for approximating probability densities for a given sample, with special attention to stability and approximation of the bases. It is shown that to meet the requirements and construct efficient approaches to conditional optimization of the numerical schemes, the best choice is a multi-linear approximation and a corresponding special case for both kernel and projection computational algorithms for nonparametric density estimation, which is a multidimensional analogue of the frequency polygon.
О ВЛИЯНИИ СЛУЧАЙНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ НА ПРОЦЕССЫ ТЕПЛОПЕРЕНОСА В ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТАХ
Authors: ГУСЕВ С.А. , НИКОЛАЕВ В.Н.
Published: October 2024

Основной целью работы является моделирование теплопереноса в элементах конструкции летательного аппарата в условиях случайных перепадов температуры на внешней поверхности из-за быстрых изменений параметров окружающей среды. При этом для моделирования теплообмена берётся одномерная краевая задача третьего рода для уравнения теплопроводности. На границе, соответствующей внешней поверхности, задаются случайные возмущения. Численное решение основано на применении метода Галёркина. Моделирование случайных возмущений внешней среды осуществляется с помощью винеровского интеграла в системе дифференциальных уравнений, записанных в интегральной форме. Расчёты на задаче с известным точным решением показали, что при удалении от границы со случайными возмущениями численное решение краевой задачи с возмущениями сходится к известному точному решению невозмущённой краевой задачи. На основе разложения краевой задачи по тригонометрическим функциям в работе получены теоретические оценки влияния возмущения на внешней поверхности в зависимости от толщины стенки и уровня возмущений.

The main goal of the work is to simulate heat transfer in structural elements of an aircraft under random temperature changes on its outer surface due to rapid changes in environmental parameters. In this case, to model the heat transfer a one-dimensional boundary value problem of the third kind is taken for the heat conduction equation. Random disturbances are specified at the boundary corresponding to the outer surface. The numerical solution is based on an application of the Galerkin method. Modeling the random disturbances of the external environment is carried out using a Wiener integral in a system of differential equations written in integral form. Calculations for a problem with a known exact solution show that when moving away from the boundary with random disturbances, the numerical solution of the boundary value problem with disturbances converges to the known exact solution of the unperturbed boundary value problem. Based on an expansion of the solution to the boundary value problem in trigonometric functions, theoretical estimates are obtained for the influence of a disturbance on the outer surface as a function of the wall thickness and the disturbance magnitude.
МЕТОД МОНТЕ-КАРЛО ДЛЯ ЧИСЛЕННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПЕРЕНОСА ЛУЧИСТОЙ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ В КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ОБЛАКАХ
Authors: КАРГИН Б.А. , КАБЛУКОВА Е.Г. , МУ Ц. , ПРИГАРИН С.М.
Published: October 2024

Работа посвящена численным моделям, связанным с переносом излучения в ледяных облаках. Рассмотрена математическая модель кристаллических частиц нерегулярной формы и алгоритм моделирования таких частиц на основе построения выпуклой оболочки набора случайных точек. Исследованы два подхода к моделированию переноса излучения в оптически анизотропной облачности. В первом подходе используются предварительно вычисленные индикатрисы рассеяния для кристаллов различных форм и ориентаций. Во втором подходе не требуется знания индикатрис рассеяния, угол рассеяния излучения моделируется непосредственно при взаимодействии фотона с гранями кристалла. Такой подход позволяет достаточно просто настраивать входные параметры задачи при изменении микрофизических характеристик среды, включая форму, ориентацию, прозрачность частиц и шероховатость их границ, и не требует предварительных трудоемких вычислений. Изучено влияние флаттера на пропускание излучения облачным слоем и угловые распределения отраженного и пропущенного излучения.

The paper deals with numerical models related to radiation transfer in ice clouds. A mathematical model of crystal particles of irregular shape and an algorithm for modeling such particles based on constructing a convex hull of a set of random points are considered. Two approaches to simulating radiation transfer in optically anisotropic clouds are studied. One approach uses pre-calculated scattering phase functions for crystals of various shapes and orientations. In the other approach, no knowledge of the phase functions is required; the radiation scattering angle is modeled directly in the interaction of a photon with crystal faces. This approach makes it possible to simply adjust the input parameters of the problem to changing microphysical characteristics of the environment, including shape, orientation, transparency of particles and roughness of their boundaries, and does not require time-consuming preliminary calculations. The impact of flutter on radiation transfer by a cloud layer and angular distributions of reflected and transmitted radiation are studied.
СТОХАСТИЧЕСКИЙ АЛГОРИТМ РЕШЕНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ УРАВНЕНИЙ ЛАМЕ ДЛЯ ДВУХИ ТРЕХМЕРНЫХ ОБЛАСТЕЙ НА ОСНОВЕ КОМБИНИРОВАНИЯ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ СЛОБОДЯНСКОГО, МЕТОДА ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ И СЛУЧАЙНОГО ПРОЕКЦИОННОГО МЕТОДА
Authors: САБЕЛЬФЕЛЬД К.К. , СМИРНОВ Д.Д.
Published: October 2024

В работе предложен новый стохастический алгоритм решения системы уравнений Ламе на основе использования представления Слободянского, при этом восстановление граничных условий для входящих в него гармонических функций осуществляется неявно с помощью метода фундаментальных решений, а неизвестные коэффициенты в этом методе вычисляются с помощью стохастического проекционного метода. Приводятся результаты численных экспериментов для нескольких примеров двух- и трехмерных краевых задач, которые демонстрируют высокую эффективность предложенного метода.

In this paper, a new stochastic algorithm for solving the system of Lame equations based on the Slobodianskii representation is proposed, in which the recovery of boundary conditions for the harmonic functions involved is carried out implicitly using the method of fundamental solutions, while the unknown coefficients in this method are calculated using a stochastic projection method. Results of numerical experiments for several examples of two- and three-dimensional boundary value problems are presented, which demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method.
Death and Spirit in Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature
Authors: Gelžinytė Brigita
Published: October 2024

The text discusses the problem of the relationship between nature and thinking in Hegel’s Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1830). By considering the dialectics of natural life and the significance of death of the individual for the emergence of spirit in nature, it is argued that spirit, in the Hegelian perspective of speculative thinking, does not emerge from nature as its otherness, as „a more beautiful nature“ that has overcome death. Rather, it appears as a negativity and impotence in nature itself, as the infinite potential of Nature‘s mutability. This highlights the ambivalent unity of nature and thought and the threat of the naturalisation of each.
Instincts as Sedimentation in E. Husserl’s Phenomenology
Authors: Jonkus Dalius
Published: October 2024

Husserl’s concept of instincts transformed the concept of intentionality, supplemented the concept of teleology of consciousness, and shed new light on the problem of the relationship between irrationality and rationality. This article analyses Husserl’s phenomenology of instincts through the prism of the concept of sedimentation. I argue that instincts can be understood as sedimentation, as a pattern of the transformation of consciousness into unconsciousness, and the transformation of unconsciousness into consciousness. The concept of instincts as sedimentation helps to understand how skills are preserved and transmitted from generation to generation, and how unconscious instincts work in our conscious experience.
Plato’s Theory of Mimesis in the Cratylus: from Ideal Language to Ordinary Language
Authors: Sun Liangxin
Published: October 2024

This article reinterprets the theory of mimesis in the Cratylus, exploring how language functions as an image that imitates its objects. Contrary to prevailing studies contending that Socrates fails to reconcile naturalism and conventionalism, this article argues that Socrates proposes a form of naturalism that acknowledges the role of convention. This naturalism reveals that human language has a dual nature by demonstrating the relation between images and originals. Through instrumentalism and sound-symbolism, Socrates envisions language as an ideal instrument for imitating the Forms of things, whereas the difference between images and originals leads to inevitable falsehood in the establishment and use of ordinary language. The real purpose of the theory of mimesis is to defend the possibility of knowledge and language by opposing the sophists’ doctrine of flux.
Liudijimo literatūros reikšmė žmogaus teisių sampratai
Authors: Baltrimienė Milda
Published: October 2024

The paper analyses whether witness literature could supplement the existing discussion on the nature of human rights. Contemporary theories of human rights are divided into two main groups – ethical and political theories. The latter theories present different conception of human dignity which is the fundamental concept for the understanding of human rights. The author claims that witness literature, by virtue of its frequent focus on the issues of human dignity, can assist in evaluating the arguments presented by ethical and political theories, thus contributing to the ongoing discussion and to the better understanding of human rights.
Protein expression of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors in young Iraqi women with breast cancer
Authors:   Directorate of Education in Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq, Al-Hilali K. A. , Aljawher R. Q. ,   College of Medicine University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq;, Faris S. A. ,   College of Education for Pure Since- University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq;
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is currently evaluated by the presence of hormonal receptors in the tumor tissue, which are among the most important prognostic and predictive markers used at present. The current study was conducted in Thi-Qar Governorate (Iraq) on women aged 20-40 years who have breast cancer (BC), highlighting­ the spread of this disease among young groups. The expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor (Her2/neu) receptors in breast tissues using immunohistochemical analysis was estimated. Breast tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing breast surgery and biopsy. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were divided into BC (80), and control (20) groups. The study found that protein expression of both ER and PR was positive in 87.5% and negative in 12.5%, Her2/neu positive in 60% and negative in 40% of BC samples. The subtypes identified were luminal A (58.75%), luminal B (31.25%), HER2-positive (6.25%), and triple-negative (3.75%) BC. The high percentage of luminal A molecular subtype of BC is considered a good prognosis and treatable by anti-hormonal therapy. Keywords: breast cancer, estrogen, human epidermal growth factor, immunohistochemistry, progesterone, receptors
Effect of electronic smoking (Vaping) on thyroid hormones level and lipid profile in men
Authors:   Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq, Hasan N. , Nasser N. A. ,   College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq;, Hussein A. D. ,   Departement of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq;, Mohsein O. A. ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Iraq;,   Central Laboratory Department, Thi-Qar Health Directorate,
Published: October 2024

In the last period, the market quickly became saturated with vaping devices available in many flavors and forms appealing to youth. Both traditional cigarette and e-cigarette smoking are known to potentially alter metabolic processes, including hormone production and to increase the risk of lung, heart and kidney diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the level of thyroid hormones and lipids in the blood of young men who smoked traditional or e-cigarettes. A case-control study involved 200 men aged 24-25 years who smoked 5-7 h per day, divided into two groups (100 e-cigarette smokers and 100 cigarette smokers) and 50 healthy men who did not smoke. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were measured using COBAS E411. The levels of total cholesterol, TG, LDL and HDL were estimated spectrophotometrically. No significant changes were found in thyroid hormone levels or lipid profiles, except for an increased TG content in the group of traditional cigarette smokers compared to the control group. Whereas in the blood of e-smokers, the increase in the level of FT3 and FT4 and a significant decrease in that of TSH, as well as the elevated content of total cholesterol, TG, and LDL, were detected compared to the control group. The results obtained indicate that e-smoking affects the function of the thyroid gland and lipid metabolism. Keywords: blood samples, lipid profile, thyroid hormones, vaping
Virtual screening of antiviral peptides as novel blockers of human papillomavirus 16
Authors:   Biochemical Technology Program, Dhamar University, Dhamar, Yemen, Al-Madhagi H.
Published: October 2024

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) contribute to 5% of cancers, yet there is a lack of specific antiviral agents targeting HPV infection. Antiviral peptides (AVPs) present a promising alternative to conventional therapeutics. This study aims to explore the use of AVPs against the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein through virtual screening. The potential binding pocket of the E6 oncoprotein was determined, and using the antimicrobial CAMPR4 database 18 AVPs were shortlisted. These AVPs were then docked to the E6 oncoprotein using the HawkDock server, followed by dynamic simulation. Among the AVPs tested, AVP18, AVP10, and AVP7 demon­strated the highest inhibitory potential against the E6 oncoprotein. AVP18 exhibited more non-bonded contacts, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic forces. Dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of the complexes formed by these top AVPs with E6. This research suggests that AVP7, AVP10, and AVP18 are promising lead candidates for blocking HPV16 by inhibiting the E6 oncoprotein. Keywords: antiviral peptides, docking, dynamics simulation, E6 oncoprotein, human papillomavirus
Psychometric evaluation and validation of the Hungarian version of the Physical Activity Affect Scale (PAAS-H)
Authors: Köteles Ferenc , Vujić Aleksandar , Szabo Attila
Published: October 2024

Background: Feelings and emotions during sports and exercise determine commitment, adherence, and enjoyment of the activity. The Physical Activity Affect Scale (PAAS) combined two earlier instruments, the Exercise-Induced Feelings Inventory and the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale, to investigate affective states generally characterizing post-exercise feelings based on the circumplex model of affect. Therefore, the PAAS measures positive affect, negative affect, fatigue, and tranquility on a five-point Likert scale having only 12 items. Aim: Its ease of administration and interpretation renders the PAAS a valuable tool in both research and practice, but it is unavailable to Hungarian scholars and sports and exercise professionals due to the lack of adaptation. Hence, this work aimed to develop and validate the Hungarian version of the PAAS. Methods: Three hundred sixty-two recreational exercisers (64.1% women), aged from 18 to 62 (mean of age: 27.0 [SD = 10.0]) years completed the questionnaires before and during their exercise (briefly interrupting activity). Measures: PAAS was used to measure positive affect, negative affect, fatigue and tranquility aspects of internal affective experience. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was utilized to assess the actual mood state, consisting of positive affect and negative affect subscales. Arousal was measured with Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), while the pleasure–displeasure affective valence was assessed with the Feeling Scale (FS). Results: A confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit of the four-factor model. The results also revealed configural, metric, and scalar measurement invariance between sexes. The internal reliabilities of the scales varied between (Cronbach’s α) .73 and .85 before and during exercise. PAAS scales largely showed the expected associations with other measures of positive and negative affect and activation. The lowest association was between Tranquility (PAAS) and Felt arousal (r = .14), followed by Tranquility and Feeling (r = .27). Feeling and Felt arousal correlated negatively with Fatigue (PAAS, r = –.42 and r = –.44), as well as with the Negative affect (PAAS, r = –.61 and r = –.40). Positive affect from PAAS (PAAS PA) had a positive correlation with Feeling and Felt arousal (r = .64, r = .54). PAAS PA and Positive affect from PANAS (PANAS PA) correlated strongly (r = .77), similar to the Negative affect from both inventories (r = .78; p < .01 for all cases). Conclusion: Therefore, the Hungarian PAAS could assess exercise-induced affect in a reliable and valid way in recreational exercisers. However, its validity in competitive sports remains to be tested.
The snakes of the flooded region of Itaparica hydroeletric dam, Northeastern Brazil: “development” based on the drowning of wildlife
Authors: Filho Gentil Alves Pereira , França Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues , Vieira Washington Luiz Silva , Freitas Arthur Felipe Ferreira de , Morais Zenilde Moreira Borges de , Xavier Gileno Antônio Araújo , Antonio de Freitas Marco , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega , Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de
Published: October 2024

The previously underestimated biodiversity of the Caatinga underwent a transformation with the emergence of new studies, intensifying interest in the biota of this complex dry forest. Studies on snakes from the Caatinga have increased recently, resulting in 112 recorded species. Contributing to this, we present a detailed list of 23 species rescued from the Itaparica reservoir implementation in the 1980s. Collected specimens are deposited in the Herpetological and Paleoherpetological Collection at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. The recorded snake assemblage is typical of the dry Caatingas of the Sertaneja Depression. We discuss the impacts of ﬂooding and specimen relocation without adequate planning or monitoring on snake diversity. Finally, we conclude by questioning the sustainability aspects of development and interventions in nature.
Species richness of Cyatheales in the upper Santo Domingo Canyon, Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Montoya-López Andrés , Lehnert Marcus
Published: October 2024

The Regional Protective Forest Reserve of the Canyons of the Melcocho and Santo Domingo Rivers in eastern Antioquia, Colombia, spans 26,533 ha with elevations from 706 to 2,937 m above sea level. This study addresses the limited prior research on ferns in the region by observing tree ferns and allied species (Cyatheales) between 1,967 and 2,600 m above sea level. We identified 11 species: Alsophila erinacea (H.Karst.) D.S.Conant, Cyathea cnemidaria Lehnert, Cyathea latevagans (Baker) Domin, Cyathea planadae N.C.Arens & A.R.Sm., Cyathea pauciflora (Kuhn) Lellinger, Cyathea nigripes (C. Chr.) Domin, Cyathea squamipes H. Karst., Cyathea tryonorum (Riba) Lellinger, Cyathea vilhelmii Domin, Lophosoria quadripinnata (J.F.Gmel.) C.Chr. and Sphaeropteris quindiuensis (H.Karst.) R.M.Tryon. All species are newly recorded from the reserve, with some records representing extensions of their known distributions. This species richness within a small altitudinal gradient highlights the reserve’s importance for the conservation of tree ferns in Colombia’s Central Cordillera.
Asbāb Al-Ikhtilāf Fī Tafsīri I Al-Salaf: Understanding the Reasons for Differences in Interpretation Among the Salaf Scholars
Authors: Nurfauziah Anisa
Published: October 2024

This writing aims to understand the definition of ushul al-tafsir, tafsir, reference books of tafsir, its history, the legal aspects of studying tafsir, and its divisions. The research method employed in this study is library research and literature review. The results of this research reveal that the core subject matter is that tafsir explains the meaning of Quranic verses, the context of the story, and the reasons for the revelation of these verses using expressions that convey the apparent meaning. The practice of interpretation has existed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad and has evolved to the present day. In the study of tafsir, there are numerous sources or references as reading material, and it is highly recommended to study it. Tafsir can be divided into three categories, including considering what is known about the commentator, the approach used to attain it, and the methods of interpretation.
Perbandingan Penafsiran Jihad Menurut Ath-Thabari dan Quraish Shihab dalam Tafsir Al-Qur'an
Authors: Choidab Achmad Royhan
Published: October 2024

Al-Qur'an, sebagai panduan bagi seluruh umat Islam, mengatur segala aspek kehidupan Umat Islam dan manusia secara umum, termasuk dalam konteks jihad. Namun, penafsiran terhadap lafaz “jihad” oleh para mufasir tidak menjamin adanya pola dan interpretasi yang seragam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada penafsiran jihad oleh Imam Ath-Thabari dan perbandingannya dengan penafsiran Quraish Shihab, serta mengungkapkan sebab perbedaan pendapat keduanya terhadap lafaz “jihad”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dari berbagai literatur terkait topik jihad. Pendekatan deskriptif diterapkan untuk menghasilkan gambaran yang sistematis dan faktual sesuai dengan kenyataan. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap perbedaan dalam penafsiran antara Ath-Thabari dan Quraish Shihab. Salah satu perbedaan mencolok adalah pandangan Ath-Thabari yang mengartikan jihad lebih cenderung sebagai berperang di jalan Allah, sementara Quraish Shihab memandang bahwa jihad dapat dicapai melalui amal sholeh. Perbedaan ini disebabkan oleh pemahaman dan pemilihan makna yang beragam terhadap lafaz “jihad” dalam konteks ayat-ayat tertentu. Meskipun terdapat ikhtilaf tanawu' antara keduanya, namun makna dan tujuan jihad tetap sama, yaitu usaha untuk menegakkan agama Allah SWT meskipun dengan pendekatan yang berbeda.
Abdullah Saeed's Interpretation of the Verses “Death and Ascension” of Prophet Isa AS in the Quran
Authors: Hasani Fahmi Subhan
Published: October 2024

Specifically, issues related to Prophet Isa are discussed in 15 surahs and 93 verses in the Quran. The name of Prophet Isa is mentioned 25 times in the Quran, scattered across fifteen different surahs. Meanwhile, the term “Al-Masih” is mentioned 9 times, with a direct discussion of death and crucifixion explained only in one verse, namely QS. An-Nisa verses 157-158. These verses are often interpreted by Muslims as the basis for the belief that Prophet Isa did not die. This view differs theologically from the Christian belief that Jesus was crucified and died to redeem the sins of humanity. The understanding of the Quranic text is further explored through the interpretations of Mufassirin, with the hope of producing the best interpretation from Abdullah Saeed and a more comprehensive understanding of the text. The type of research conducted is literature research, where the researcher focuses on collecting data and information from various sources in the library, including books, journals, manuscripts, notes, historical stories, and documents. Abdullah Saeed acknowledges that the Quran is the revelation of God sent to Muhammad, and he believes that the Quran existing today is the original holy book. However, Saeed also notes concerns about the numerous textual interpretations that tend to stop at literal exploration alone. Through this analysis, Saeed seeks to show the complexity of the meaning of the Quran that cannot be overcome by mere literature exploration. Therefore, in the current era of globalization, he advocates a contextual approach to find the true meaning of the text.
Literasi Tafsir Tematik-Eklektik Dan Muatan Lokal Sunda: Transformasi pengetahuan Teoritis dan Praktis bagi Para Santri di Pesantren Riyadhat al-Muta’alimin Kecamatan Sukanagara di Cianjur Jawabarat)
Authors: Solehudin Solehudin
Published: October 2024

Dalam konteks transformasi pengetahuan Tafsir Alquran dalam format; Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) dilakukan dalam bentuk pengajian literasi tafsir. Lokusnya bisa dilakukan di mana saja sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat atau komunitas tertentu. Jika dalam konteks kepentingan lokus Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat untuk UIN Bandung, maka scope Jawa-barat adalah pilihan yang terjangkau. Pengajian tafsir Alquran pada pesantren-pesantren di Jawa Barat mayoritas merujuk kepada tafsir-tafsir berbahasa Arab. Sebut saja misalnya Tafsīr Jalālin karya Jalaluddin as-Suyūthi dan al-Mahali, hasyiyah Ṣāwi ‘ala Tafsīr Jalālain karya Syekh Ahmad Ṣāwi al-Miṣri. Tafsir-tafsir tersebut popular dan banyak dikaji di pesantren-pesantren, khususnya di wilayah Jawa Barat. Trend masyarakat modern adalah menuntut sesuatu –termasuk memperoleh pengetahuan—dengan cara efektif dan efisien. Karenanya, kajian terhadap tafsir Alquran mesti mengikuti kebutuhan masyarakat kontemporer; baik pada aspek metode, referensi maupun tema-tema yang disajikan. Ini yang melatar-belakangi pentingnya metode tematik-elektik. Literasi tafsir akan difokuskan pada transformasi pengetahuan teoritis-praktis metode tafsir Alquran jenis tafsir tematik (mawḍū’i) varian elektik. Selanjutnya akan dikemas dengan muatan kearifan lokal (Tafsir Tematik-Elektik dan Tradisi Lokal Sunda). Hasil dari prosesi transformasi literasi tafsir di wilayah Jawa barat dengan mengambil kasus di pesantren Riyadhat al-Muta’alimin Sukanagara adalah bahwa (1) Tafsir tematik-eklektik merupakan hal baru yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal di kalangan Masyarakat pesantren; baik tradisional maupun modern. Karenanya, proses transformasi literasi telah dilakukan dengan tahapan paling mendasar (2) pengajaran (transformasi) tafsir tematik eklektik lokal sunda memiliki kelebihan pada upaya memudahkan pemahaman makna al-Quran. Kemudahan itu didasarkan pada kenyataan bahwa; budaya bahasa dan tradisi lokal adalah hal-hal sudah akrab. Literasi tafsir menghasilkan pemahaman cukup signifikan atas makna ayat yang dikumpulkan pada tema tertentu. Realitas di lapangan, makna ayat akan lebih dapat difahami jika pemaknaannya dikomfirmasi oleh Bahasa dan budaya lokal, dalam hal ini adalah; Bahasa dan tradisi lokal sunda di Jawa barat.