bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathological changes of glial cells in the enteric nervous system of the colon with chronic slow-transit constipation
Authors: Chumasov E. I. , Maistrenko N. A. , Romashchenko P. N. , Samedov V. B. , Petrova E. S. , Korzhevskii D. E.
Published: January 2024

The origin, development and differentiation of enteric nervous system neuroglia and its involvement in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases have been little studied.

Aim of this work is a comparative morphological study of glial cells in the ganglionic plexuses of the enteric nervous system and analysis of neuroglial relationships in chronic slow-transit constipation using immunohistochemical methods.

Material and methods. Resection material obtained at the Department of Faculty Surgery, S.P. Fedorov Faculty of Surgery of S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy during planned surgical operations was used. The objects of the study were fragments of the sigmoid and colon obtained as a result of surgery for chronic slow-transit constipation (five cases, women aged 37–40 years). The study was carried out using immunohistochemical glial markers (GFAP, S100β protein, etc.).

Results. Two types of glia were found in the myenteric ganglionic plexus of the large intestine: astrocyte-like and neurolemmocytic. The astrocyte-like type is similar to the neuroglia of the central nervous system, the neurolemmocytic type is similar to the glia of the autonomic nervous system. It has been established that astrocyte-like glia is found only in the Aauerbach ganglionic plexus, while neurolemmocytes are found in all innervated tissues of the intestinal wall. Reactive, dystrophic and degenerative changes in neurocytes, glial elements, agangliogenosis in the Auerbach plexus were found in all cases of chronic slow-transit constipation. Destructive changes in the neuromuscular terminal plexuses, interstitial edema and inflammatory monocytic reaction and leukocyte infiltration in the intestinal mucosa and intestinal submucosa, found in several cases.

Conclusions. The results obtained allow classifying chronic slow-transit constipation as a neurodegenerative disease.
Tubular-villous adenoma against the background of ulcerative colitis (clinical case)
Authors: Semichev E. V. , Gereng E. A. , Chekisheva Т. N. , Kyazimova M. A.
Published: January 2024

A clinical case of the development of tubular-villous adenoma with moderate epithelial dysplasia (high grade) is described, taking into account the presence of foci of squamous metaplasia in the epithelium of the glands. The pathology presented in the article according to ICD-O has code 8263/2.

Description of the clinical case. The patient had an initial colonoscopy in 2020 and was diagnosed with chronic ileitis and colitis with moderate and in some areas high inflammation activity, which is most characteristic of nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The patient was treated by a gastroenterologist. In December 2021, she had a follow-up colonoscopy with the histological material sampling. Endoscopic conclusion: ulcerative colitis, total lesion, exacerbation phase.

Results and discussion. When the device was inserted into the rectum at a distance of 13 cm, a neoplasm was visualized, the mucosa was pale, shiny, when trying to pass the device through the narrowing of the contact-vulnerable mucosa, with instrumental palpation, the formation was displaced by a conglomerate, a polyfragmentary biopsy was taken. In the study of histological preparations of the recto-sigmoid junction, a tubular-villous adenoma with moderate epithelial dysplasia (high grade) is determined, taking into account the presence of foci of squamous metaplasia in the epithelium of the glands. According to the literature, with ulcerative colitis affecting almost the entire colon for more than 10 years, there is an increased risk of colon cancer formation (10 %), which increases by 2–5 % annually. The possibility of malignancy is present in 10–20 % of patients with ulcerative colitis for more than 20 years. Other researchers describe the identified low-grade dysplasia as progressing to high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma in 29–54 % of cases.

Conclusions. The study of patients with this pathology should be carried out against the background of thorough preparation of the large intestine with modern preparations using high-tech verification methods and polyfragmental biopsy with a qualified assessment of biopsy specimens.
Narodowe kultury biznesowe i korporacyjne Polski i Ukrainy. Czynniki doskonalenia i integracja międzynarodowa
Authors: Glinkowska-Krauze Beata , Kaczmarek Bogusław , Chebotarov Iegor , Chebotarov Viacheslav
Published: January 2024

Znaczna część monografii została opracowana w kontekście realizacji przez autorów złożonego projektu badawczego o temacie: „Narodowe kultury biznesowe Polski i Ukrainy: doskonalenie naukowych i praktycznych podstaw współpracy na rynkach europejskich i światowych”; w ramach projektu Narodowej Agencji Wymiany Akademickiej NAWA oraz Ministerstwa Oświaty i Nauki Ukrainy jako wspólnego polsko-ukraińskiego projektu w latach 2020–2021. Poszczególne części monografii zostały opracowane w kontekście realizacji współpracy obu krajów na polu naukowym, edukacyjnym i innowacyjnym. Podrozdział 4.5. tej monografii wpisuje się w realizację tematu „Teoria i praktyka analizy porównawczej profili przedsiębiorców (na przykładzie Polski i Ukrainy)”, w ramach projektu Konkurs na stypendium dla Ukrainy IDUB „Inicjatywa Doskonałości - Uczelnia Badawcza ”, realizowanym na Wydziale Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Podrozdział 3.3. został opracowany jako element tematu „Kultura korporacyjna w czasach kryzysu: treść przemian transformacyjnych jako podstawa modyfikacji zarządzania” w ramach projektu Narodowego Centrum Nauki dla Ukrainy na kontynuowanie badań w Polsce po 24.02.2022 r. Książka ta powstała jako rezultat wielostronnych działań Centrum Współpracy Naukowo-Badawczej: Polska-Ukraina, utworzonego przez autorów w 2016 roku na bazie Katedry Zarządzania Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego i Katedry Ekonomiki, Marketingu i Przedsiębiorczości Narodowego Uniwersytetu im. Tarasa Szewczenki (monografia ta jest w pewnym stopniu logiczną kontynuacją monografii B. Glinkowska-Krauze, B. Kaczmarek, V. Chebotarov, Współczesne problemy zarządzania. Teoria i praktyka, Łódź 2020).
Family-Based Exposure and Response Prevention for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study
Authors: Palo Amanda , Hertz Alyssa
Published: January 2024

Pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) affects approximately .25%–3% of children, and if left untreated, can cause significant impairment for the child and family. Cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the gold-standard treatment for pediatric OCD. When using ERP with children and adolescents, it is essential to assess and target family factors in treatment in order to help the youth make therapeutic progress. The following case study illustrates the successful implementation of family-based ERP in a young female with contamination OCD. It further highlights strategies for targeting family accommodation and family conflict within the course of treatment.
Inulin supplementation in feed as a prebiotic for red tilapia Oreochromis sp.
Authors: Agustina Agustina , Susanto Adi
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of inulin as a prebiotic in feed on red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) growth performance, hematological parameters, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, and the quantity of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. This study has a fully randomized design with four treatments and three replications, namely inulin at doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg feed. One-way ANOVA was used to assess data on growth performance, feed utilization, survival rate, digestive enzyme activity, and the amount of lactic acid bacteria, while the hematological parameters were analyzed descriptively. Red tilapia fry weighing an average of 5.27 ± 0.45 g was raised for 30 days in plastic container containing 40 L of water at a density of 15 fish per container (375 fish/m3). Fish were fed three times a day at satiation. Red tilapia-fed diet supplemented with 4 g/kg inulin of feed had higher body weight increase, protein efficiency ratio, digestive enzyme activity, and amount of lactic acid bacteria while food conversion ratio was lower compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the specific growth rate and survival rate were not different from the control group. Hematological parameters were within the normal range for all treatments. Thus, the supplementation of inulin in feed of 4 g/kg has the potential as a prebiotic for red tilapia.
 
Keywords: digestive enzyme activity, inulin, lactic acid bacteria, prebiotic, red tilapia
 
ABSTRAK
 
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh inulin sebagai prebiotik pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan, parameter hematologi, pemanfaatan pakan, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, dan kuantitas bakteri asam laktat di usus ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.). Penelitian ini memiliki rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu inulin dengan dosis 0; 1; 2; dan 4 g inulin/kg pakan. One-way ANOVA digunakan untuk menilai data kinerja pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan pakan, kelangsungan hidup, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat, sedangkan parameter hematologi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Benih ikan nila merah dengan berat rata-rata 5,27 ± 0,45 g dipelihara selama 30 hari dalam wadah plastik dengan volume air 40 L dan kepadatan 15 ekor per wadah (375 ekor/m3). Ikan diberi makan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Ikan nila merah yang diberi suplemen inulin 4 g/kg pakan menunjukkan pertumbuhan bobot, rasio efisiensi protein, aktivitas enzim pencernaan, dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat yang lebih besar, sedangkan konversi pakan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya (p<0,05). Parameter laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup tidak berbeda dengan kelompok kontrol Parameter hematologi berada dalam kisaran normal untuk semua perlakuan. Suplementasi inulin pada pakan sebanyak 4 g/kg berpotensi sebagai prebiotik ikan nila merah.
 
Kata kunci: aktivitas enzim pencernaan, bakteri asam laktat, ikan nila merah, inulin, prebiotik
Amyloid Plaques and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Furmann Meiriélly
Published: January 2024

In cognitive aging, the process of brain atrophy is accelerated over the years and is characterized mainly by the deposition of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ). In this review using the DeCS descriptors "placa amiloide and Doenfa de Alzheimer” and their English version, which resulted in the selection of 7 studies. Amyloid plaques and intraneural neurofibrillary tangles involved in the alterations that occur in neuritic processes and glial cells are the most important features of Alzheimer's disease. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the accumulation of Aβ is the main cause of degeneration and cognitive decline.
Simulation Phase-Structure Transformations in Alloy Steels for The Piersing Tools
Authors: Bobyr Sergiiv
Published: January 2024

In this work are presented the development of simulation methods of analysis the phase-structural transformations and properties in alloy steels. The analytical dependencies of this simulation were applied to the calculation of ferritic, pearlite and bainitic transformations in carbon and alloy steels. To calculate the amount of martensite, the authors used a new equation that has been successfully used in others works too. Based on the developed regression model, isothermal and structural diagrams for 20CrNi4V and 25Cr2Mo1V steels have been constructed. The analysis is performed of the aerial quenching of tools from alloy steels 20CrNi4V and 25Cr2Mo1V, according to the recommended heat treatment schedules in the tools production. For steels 20CrNi4V and 25Cr2Mo1V, it is possible to obtain a bainitic structure in a wide range of cooling rate. Corrections of heat treatment schedule were proposed.
Aquaculture in Africa: Current Status and Conjectural Assessing of Potential of its Coastline (Land Side) for Aquaculture in Future
Authors: Ganjoor Mohammedsaeed
Published: January 2024

In 2020, Africa (except Egypt and Nigeria) had about 400 thousand tonnes of products by aquaculture. But, hypothetical studies show that this amount can be increased to 1,500 thousand tonnes if 1% of the length of the African coastline is dedicated to aquaculture. It is sufficient for one serving of protein food for 5 billion people (300 g raw aquatic product for one serving). The results of this research are hypothetical and differ from the existing reality, but these data show that African coasts have a high potential for aquaculture development. Countries that are developed in the field of aquaculture ought to help Africa in the development of the aquaculture industry.
The Correlation Between Big Five Personality Types and the Level of Loneliness in Profession Nurse Students in the Agriculture Region
Authors: Dewi Erti Ikhtiarini , Sari Tidar Ferdiana , Fitria Yeni , Rasni Hanny , Hadi Kurniyawan Enggal
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Loneliness becomes a phenomenon in early adulthood due to the adolescent crisis towards early adulthood. One of the problems of loneliness is caused by a person's personality. Nursing students are prone to experiencing loneliness because they are in early adulthood, which at this age will go through a stage of psychological development, namely intimacy versus isolation. This study aims to determine the relationship between the big five personality types and the level of loneliness in nursing students. The research design used correlational quantitative with cross-sectional data collection. The number of samples used in this study was 95 respondents using a total sampling of students of the Nursing Professional Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) questionnaire was used to identify personality types, while the UCLA Loneliness Scale questionnaire was used to measure loneliness levels. It was found that 32 respondents (33.7%) had agreeableness personality types and 43 respondents (45.3%) experienced moderate loneliness. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a p-value of 0.649 indicating that there was no relationship between the big five personality types and loneliness in college students. This happens because it is influenced by several factors such as where you live, the presence of close friends and someone special who will provide space for someone to interact so that feelings of loneliness are reduced.

 

Keywords: Big Five Personality; Loneliness; Nursing Students.
Conservative treatment of corpus callosum hemorrhage due to a falling coconut in Indonesia: a case report
Authors: Rusidi Hanan Anwar , Wijanarko Ferry
Published: January 2024

The potential for traumatic brain injury resulting from falling coconuts is frequently overlooked. These incidents can cause focal lesions in the form of brain hemorrhage. Corpus callosum hemorrhage due to blunt trauma from a falling object is rare and typically associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this report is to detail a case of corpus callosum hemorrhage caused by a coconut fall and to discuss the conservative management approach employed. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of unconsciousness, headache, and expressive aphasia after being struck by a falling coconut. Notably, hemorrhage was detected within the body of the corpus callosum, as revealed by imaging findings. The patient received intensive monitoring and treatment in the intensive care unit, including oxygen therapy, saline infusion, an osmotic diuretic, analgesics, and medication to prevent stress ulcers. The patient demonstrated marked clinical improvement while undergoing conservative treatment. Despite the typically unfavorable prognosis of these rare injuries, our patient exhibited meaningful clinical improvement with conservative treatment. Timely diagnosis and appropriate interventions were crucial in managing the patient’s condition. This report emphasizes the importance of considering traumatic brain injury caused by falling coconuts and highlights the need for further research and awareness in this area.
Only Euclidean Relativity Provides a Holistic View of Nature
Authors: Niemz Markolf H.
Published: January 2024

Special and general relativity (SR/GR) describe nature “subjectively”, that is, from the perspective of just one observer at a time (one group of observers, to be exact). Mathematically, SR/GR are correct. I show: (1) Physically, SR/GR have an issue. Despite the covariance of SR/GR, there is always just one active perspective. Because of this constraint, there is no holistic view of nature. The issue shows itself in unsolved mysteries. Still, the Lorentz factor and gravitational time dilation are correct. This is why the concepts of spacetime in SR/GR work well except for cosmology and quantum mechanics. (2) Euclidean relativity (ER) describes nature “objectively”, that is, from the perspectives of all objects at once. Any (!) object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and proper time τ span natural spacetime, which is 4D Euclidean space (ES) if we interpret cτ as d4. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper space and to his proper time. In SR, these concepts are considered coordinate space and coordinate time. Neither their reassembly to a non-Euclidean spacetime nor the parameterization in SR/GR provides a holistic view. The scalar τ, in particular, cannot factor in an object’s 4D vector “flow of proper time” τ. However, the SO(4) symmetry of ES is incompatible with waves. This is fine because waves and particles are subjective concepts. We must learn to distinguish between an observer’s reality (described by SR/GR) and the master reality ES (described by ER). ER solves 15 mysteries at once.
In Vitro Immunomodulation of Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Medicinal Plants Used Traditionally to Treat Pulmonary Tuberculosis in South Africa.
Authors: Shauli Mathulo Mathabiso , Macingwana Lubabalo , Rusike Constance Rufaro
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. This global health burden is worsened by the emergence of multi-drug resistance, which calls for new interventions to address the pandemic and medicinal plants remain a source for the new interventions. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of three plants used traditionally for the treatment of PTB in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Eradication of Mycobacterium. tuberculosis in the lung tissue, requires the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. Thus, a plant extract with a high potential for anti-tuberculosis effects is expected to produce a high concentration of nitric oxide (NO) as the indicator for the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. To test this effect, lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured and treated with the ethanolic crude extracts of three plants: Anthrixia philycoides, Lippia javaniva, and Sanicula elata at concentrations of 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml, and 200 µg/ml. After 24h, 50µl Griess reagent was added to the plates and absorbance was measure at 540nm. A standard curve of sodium nitrite dissolved in culture media was used to determine the concentration of NO in each sample. The results showed Anthrixia philycoides, and Lippia javanica, as anti-inflammatory when compared with the positive control, while Sanicula elata pro-inflammatory, producing a high amount of NO, compared with the positive control. Our results revealed the polarizing activity of Sanicula elata on macrophages towards M1 phenotype, with evidence of the nitric oxide production, warranting further in-vivo investigations of medicinal plant for anti-TB activity.
Do financial ratios affect stock prices in the consumer non-cyclical sector?
Authors: Rokhyani Ida , Widodo Saniman , Sari Mella Katrina
Published: January 2024

Maintaining a company's position among its competitors requires significant investment funds. The capital market is an alternative for companies to overcome investment funding constraints. Capital market performance is reflected in the Stock Index, which describes stock price movements. Fluctuating stock index movements indicate that there are things that influence the direction of the index. This research method uses secondary data sourced from the official website of the Indonesian Central Securities Depository (Kustiodian Sentral Efek Indonesia-KSEI), the Indonesian Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia-BEI), the Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jada Keuangan-OJK), and www.investing.com. Thirty-three companies operating in the non-cyclical consumer sector and listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) for the 2018-2022 period are the sample in this research. Furthermore, the approach used in this research is a quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis tools processed using the SPSS 25.00 program. The results have a positive and insignificant effect, namely the Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). On the contrary, Earning Per Share (EPS) and Return On Equity (ROE) are factors that have a positive and significant influence on share prices in the non-cyclical consumer sector recorded in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) for the 2018-2022 period.
Characterization and purification of lactase (β-galactosidase) and acid-stable, raw-starch hydrolyzing amylase from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds
Authors: Mukherjee Abhishek , Goswami Sayandeep , Basu Srabanti
Published: January 2024

Lactase is important to treat lactose intolerance that results from the lack of intestinal lactase leading to the inability to digest lactose. Management of the disorder by external enzymes, especially with phyto-enzyme supplementation has not yet been much attempted. The present study reports the recovery of appreciable amount of lactase (900 ± 30U/100 g fresh wt.) from the seeds of jack fruit. The ethanol precipitated fraction of the seed extract could hydrolyze 89 ± 2% and 78 ± 2% of 2% (w/v) and 5% (w/v) lactose respectively at pH 5.0 in 3h at 50°C. Amylase was also detected in the extract (3200 ± 200U/100 g fresh wt.) and the ethanol precipitated fraction hydrolyzed various starches, gelatinized cereal flour (DE value = 43–50) and raw starch (DE value = 16–25). 200KDa lactase (specific activity = 14 ± 0.05 U/mg protein) was purified from the seed extract by ethanol precipitation, followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography (DEAE Sephadex), size exclusion chromatography (Sephacryl S-300HR) and SDS PAGE. Activity staining by x-gal on Native gel was also performed. Purified lactase was stable in the pH range of 4–8 upto 60°C and displayed a Km and Vmax of 5mM (lactose) and 0.044µmole/min respectively. Purified lactase was unaffected by the action of proteolytic enzymes. Hg2+, Ag+ inhibited the enzyme activity completely (at 1mM conc.) while Ca2+ enhanced the activity by 15 ± 1%. The purified lactase effectively hydrolyzed 1%, 2%, 5% (w/v) lactose solution and pasteurized milk. Lyophilized seed powder and extract remained stable till 18 months of the study period when stored at 0-4°C.
Effect of co-occurring conditions on the pediatric manifestations of catatonia: systematic analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Mottron Laurent , Bourque Vincent-Raphael , Meijer Inge A. , Boujelben Inès , Dialahy Isaora Zefania , Bui-Xuan Eva-Flore
Published: January 2024

Importance:
Catatonia is a rare psychomotor syndrome, of which three main subtypes are described, "excited", "retarded" and "malignant". Its diagnosis is challenging in pediatric patients, due to its multitude of presentations, and the overlap of its symptoms with those of the co-occurring conditions. Improved knowledge of the impact of co-occurring conditions on the symptoms of catatonia would allow a more precise diagnosis.
Objective
To investigate the impact of developmental and psychiatric co-occurring conditions, or of their absence (unspecified catatonia) on the symptoms of catatonia, age of occurrence and sex-ratio in pediatric patients. For comparison purposes, patients with catatonia following NMDAR-antibody encephalitis (NMDARE), were included in the analyses, as a model of a medical condition with a known neurotransmitter-related mechanism.
Data Sources:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and PsychINFO for studies published between January 1, 1995, and September 10, 2021.
Study Selection:
case-reports of patients under 18 years old with catatonia and the selected co-occurring conditions.
Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Co-occurring conditions, catatonia DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and “malignant” symptoms, age at first catatonic signs and sex were individually extracted. From these symptoms, we inferred the "excited", "retarded" and "malignant" catatonia subtypes.
Main Outcome and Measure:
We estimated the effect of co-occurring conditions on the catatonia symptoms and subtypes.
Results
On 1,425 study records,184 (237 patients) were eligible for analysis. The median age was 15 years old. There was a higher ratio of males to females in all conditions except for NMDARE. The "excited" form was more common in neurodevelopmental conditions (beta = 0.608, 95%CI: 0.416, 0.799), psychiatric conditions (beta = 0.261, 95%CI: 0.093, 0.429), and NMDARE (beta = 0.266, 95%CI: 0.047, 0.485), than in “unspecified catatonia’’ (beta=-0,062, 95%CI: -0.236, -0.112); the "retarded" form was more prevalent in psychiatric disease (beta = 0.291, 95%CI: 0.099, 0.483) and less in the medical condition (beta=-0.592, 95%CI: -0.846, -0.339). The "malignant" form was found more in psychiatric (beta = 0.367, 95%CI: 0.230, 0.505) and medical conditions (beta = 0.861, 95%CI: 0.632, 1.090), and less in unspecified condition (beta=-0.551, 95%CI: -0.687, -0.415). Within the different types of catatonia, some symptoms were more specific to one condition. Overall, stupor, mutism and negativism were the symptoms most independent of co-occurring conditions.
Conclusions and Relevance:
Searching for catatonic symptoms most frequently associated with a specific condition may unravel a catatonia otherwise unnoticed. Conversely, analyzing catatonic symptoms may help the clinician in the search for co-occurring conditions.
Low-Frequency Conductivity of Low Wear High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Shih Chuan-Feng , Yeh Cheng-Hsien , Hsu Wen-Dung , Liu Bernard , Yang Chan-Shan , Kuan Chen-Yun , Chang Yuan-Chun , Huang Kai-Sheng , Jhang Song-Syun , Lu Chia-Yen , Liaw Peter
Published: January 2024

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) provide new research avenues for alloy combinations in the periodic table, opening numerous possibilities in novel-alloy applications. However, their electrical characteristics have been relatively underexplored. The challenge in establishing an HEA electrical conductivity model lies in the changes in electronic characteristics caused by lattice distortion and complexity of nanostructures. Here we show a low-frequency electrical conductivity model for the Nb-Mo-Ta-W HEA and develops highly conductive and low wear HEA thin films. It is found that the compositional linear combinations, or the state-of-the-art cocktail effect, can be used to explain trends in electrical-conductivity changes in HEAs, but they cannot account for the magnitude of the reduction. We calculate the plasma frequency, free electron density, and measure the relaxation time using terahertz spectroscopy, resulting in a close match with experimental electrical conductivity trends and scales. This approach can be employed to predict the electrical conductivity of different HEAs for researchers. As a result, the refractory HEA Nb15Mo35Ta15W35 thin film exhibits both high hardness and excellent conductivity. This unique combination of Nb15Mo35Ta15W35 makes it suitable for applications in atomic force microscopy probe coating, significantly improving their wear resistance and atomic-scale image resolution.
Underestimated Arctic phytoplankton increase under global warming
Authors: Cui Tingwei , Hao Tianyi , Chan Kelvin , Xiang Jinzhao , Wei Yunhong , Hu Huan , Xing Xiaogang , Feng Lian , Liu Dong , Mu Bing
Published: January 2024

Phytoplankton, the foundation of marine ecosystems, are undergoing unprecedented changes under global warming, particularly in the Arctic Ocean. Yet the understanding of the long-term and seasonal evolutions in the Arctic phytoplankton is limited due to the lack of observations in the winter half year, including polar nights. Here, utilizing the spaceborne lidar observations, we develop a machine learning-based high-accuracy chlorophyll-a (Chla) retrieved algorithm, establish a monthly Chla dataset for the Arctic Ocean filling the winter-half-year observation gap seamlessly, and reveal the comprehensive long-term trends, full seasonal cycles, and potential drivers of Arctic phytoplankton pioneeringly. Chronically, Chla increased significantly over the period 2007–2021 with the increase in the winter half year surpassing that in the summer half year. The absence of winter-half-year observations in the past resulted in a 10 per cent underestimation of the long-term Chla increase and thereby a 12 per cent underestimation of the annual net primary productivity growth rate, which are considerably alarming and urge immediate updates. Seasonally, in contrast to the interior shelves characterized by the summer single-peak of Chla, all the inflow and outflow shelves are characterized by the spring-autumn double-peak of Chla with a significant increase in autumn algal bloom intensity. The warming-climate-driven elevating nutrients and sea surface temperature, and the corresponding decline in sea ice concentration in the upper Arctic Ocean are the main reasons for the increase in Chla in recent decades. Results suggest that as the world keeps warming, the Arctic Ocean could possess higher productivity and carbon fixation capacity modulating the global carbon cycle.
A physical demonstration of the increase in global surface energy due to increasing PCO2
Authors: Franzen Hugo F. , Franzen Stefan
Published: January 2024

Although study of the effect of energy-absorbing gases in our atmosphere has a two-hundred year history and an unequivocal explanation based on scientific observation and theory, a significant fraction of the public and even a few scientists doubt the correlation between the increasing the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the observed increase in terrestrial temperature over the past 120 years. Although the basic science showing that CO2 would absorb the infrared radiation emitted by the earth produce a surface-warming effect was first calculated by Arrhenius in 1896, the issue was neglected by the scientific community for decades. Today there are ample climate models of the climactic effects arising from the forcing term of increasing PCO2. In this paper we follow Arrhenius’ concept, although we use the HITRAN database as the input to prove the connection between earth’s surface temperature and atmospheric absorption of terrestrial radiation. The spectra of CO2 are enormously complicated, broadened by Fermi Resonance, and intense because of the quantum coupling of the rotation of CO2 to its bending. The absorption by CO2 reduces the transmittance of the Earth’s thermal radiation through the atmosphere, which in turn results in heating of the surface. The model does not make any predictions other than that the global temperature will increase as a function of PCO2. A rigorous statement of that connection will hopefully foster greater appreciation of the significance of atmospheric chemistry. We hope that the presentation of a simple model will give scientists the impetus to reach out to the public with lucid explanations based on physical principles.
Large-scale three-dimensional experimental investigation on potential high position landslide‑induced waves in Gushui Reservoir, China
Authors: Chen Shizhuang , Xu Weiya , Feng Yelin , Yan Long , Zhang Yangyang , Cao Fengyuan , Wang Huanling , Xie Wei-Chau
Published: January 2024

The occurrence of landslides in reservoir areas and the potential secondary disasters near dams are characterized by their sudden and catastrophic nature, often limiting the availability of actual measurement data. To address this challenge, prototype physical model test always proves to be valuable method to replicate or reproduce such geological hazards. In this study, we focused on the Meilishi landslide in the Gushui reservoir area as a case study to analyze the potential threat of high position landslide-induced waves under gravity. Based on field investigations and relevant statistical geological data, a large-scale three-dimensional physical model was carried out that integrated the interactions of the landslide, the river, and the dam. With a scale of 1:150, the model had the dimensions of 57, 27, and 8 m. Water level and the maximum sliding velocity into the water were selected as independent variables, leading to a total of 18 experiments. An adaptive landslide motion simulation system based on velocity equivalence and a comprehensive measurement system with tracking technology based on hydrodynamics were independently developed. Those approaches allowed us to reveal the propagation characteristics and attenuation laws of high position landslide-induced waves in a curved channel under various complex conditions. The data showed that the maximum wave run-up height on dam was 17.97 m under the most dangerous working condition (H3C09). Importantly, this value did not exceed the maximum height of dam, indicating a certain level of safety margin for the dam. Combined with the data of different working conditions, the optimal window for landslide risk prevention and control warnings was within 550 s after the onset of landslide instability. The key parameters predicted by the tests, including head wave height, wave run-up height on the opposite bank, wave run-up height on dam, and the propagation times, provided a technical basis and valuable reference for dam engineering design and safety. These results make significant contributions to the prevention and control of similar surges hazard induced by high position landslides around the world.
Estimating the travel distance of channelized rock avalanches using genetic programming and support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Tao , Liu Mei , Deng Mingfeng , Chen Ningsheng , Jiang Yao
Published: January 2024

Channelized rock avalanche travel distance (CRATD) is one of key parameters in disaster risk analysis.
Although traditional regression analysis methods is widely used in estimating CRATD, there is lack of studies on whether there is a room for further improvement. In this study, 34 channelized rock avalanche events triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in Fujiang River Basin were assembled to develop a robust model for estimating CRATD using two machine learning methods (Genetic Programming (GP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM)) and a widely accepted traditional regression analysis method (Power Form model (PFM)). It was found that GP model performed best among the three methods when the influence of source area, height difference between the head scarp crown and the base of the collapsed slope, average inclination angle of the source zone, and average slope angle of the travel path on the travel distance were considered in GP model. The proposed GP model was verified and compared against six previous models using 15 channelized rock avalanche events induced by Wenchuan earthquake in Tuojiang River Basin. The proposed GP model shows significant improvement in estimating CRATD. In view of the limited number of channelized rock avalanche events, the application range of the proposed GP model is suggested. In conclusion, the proposed GP model could play a beneficial role in related disaster prevention and land management.
ACL1-HD-Zip IV complex revealed common mechanism in rice response to brown planthopper and drought
Authors: Shi Zhenying , Tao Zhihuan , Zhu Lin , Li Haichao , Sun Bo , Liu Xue , Li Dayong , Hu Wen-Li , Wang Shan-Shan , miao xuexia
Published: January 2024

Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most notorious insect pest to rice. Drought is the most commonly occurring global adversity. BPH infestation caused adaxially-rolled leaves and shrunk bulliform cells similar to drought. The bulliform-cell characteristic gene, ACL1, negatively regulated BPH resistance and drought tolerance, with decreased cuticular wax in ACL1-D, which resulted in quicker water losing. ACL1 was specifically expressed in epidermis. TurboID system and various biochemical assays revealed that ACL1 interacted with the epidermal-characteristic HD-Zip IV ROCs. ROC4 and ROC5 positively regulated BPH resistance and drought tolerance through modulating cuticular wax and bulliform cells respectively. Overexpression of ROC4 and ROC5 both rescued ACL1-D in various related phenotypes simultaneously. Moreover, ACL1 competed with ROC4 and ROC5 in homo-dimerization and hetero-dimerization. Altogether, we illustrated that ACL1-ROCs complex synergistically mediate drought tolerance and BPH resistance through regulating cuticular wax and bulliform cells in rice, a new mechanism which might facilitate BPH resistance breeding.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of systemic corticosteroids for the palliation of dyspnea in patients with cancer
Authors: Suzuki Kozue , Katayama Hideki , Kohara Hiroyuki , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Goya Sho , Kako Jun , Kasahara Yoko , Mori Masanori , Nakayama Takeo , Watanabe Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Takashi
Published: January 2024

Background
Almost half of all patients with cancer experience dyspnea, which can have various causes. Although systemic corticosteroids are administered to relieve symptoms, their efficacy has not been established. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids for dyspnea in patients with cancer.
Methods
CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ichushi-Web databases were searched for articles published from their inception to September 23, 2019, on studies of systemic corticosteroid administration for dyspnea in patients with cancer. The primary outcome measure was dyspnea intensity, as assessed by patient-reported outcomes. Secondary outcome measures were quality of life, delirium, and severe adverse events.
Results
Two RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. With regard to alleviating dyspnea, the systematic corticosteroid group was associated with significantly greater dyspnea relief than was the placebo group [mean difference: -0.71 (95% CI: -1.4 to -0.03)]. However, a meta-analysis of quality of life and delirium could not be performed due to insufficient data. Analysis of severe adverse events showed no significant difference in their incidence between the corticosteroid and control groups [relative rate: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.19–4.93)].
Conclusions
Systemic corticosteroids may be effective in treating dyspnea in patients with cancer, particularly those with lung involvement. Limiting the conditions for which corticosteroids are approved is expected to promote their appropriate use and minimize their adverse effects. However, further investigation is needed to determine the appropriate dosage and the conditions in which corticosteroids are effective.
The association between socioeconomic status and use of the mobile app “TrainAwayPain” – a cross-sectional study
Authors: BUDTZ CECILIE RUD , Soelvsten Cecilie Marie Skovmose , Christiansen David Høyrup
Published: January 2024

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and the use of the mobile app “TrainAwayPain”. The study furthermore examines whether use of the mobile app was modified by having it recommended by a general practitioner.
Methods In a cross-sectional study, we used data from the mobile app and register-based data (n = 12,557). Data from “TrainAwayPain” were linked to register-based data by individual civil registration numbers. Measurement of the use of the mobile app was based on log data and registered activity. The measurement of socioeconomic status was based on education level. Logistical analysis was performed to examine the association. Information on whether a participant had the mobile app recommended by a general practitioner was based on data from The National Health Insurance Service Registry. Statistical analysis reporting RRs was performed to examine if the association was modified by having the mobile app recommended by a general practitioner.
Results The study found an association between use of “TrainAwayPain” and socioeconomic status. A significant difference was observed among those who had a medium-long or high education, compared to those who had no education. There was not found a difference in use of “TrainAwayPain” by those who had the app recommended by a general practitioner.
Conclusion A significant association was found between the use of “TrainAwayPain” and socioeconomic status. The definition of the use of the app are however questionable and future studies should examine the association with a more precise definition of using the app.
Epidemiology and SARIMA model of death cases in a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2022
Authors: Dai Jingyuan , Xiao Yun , Sheng Qionglian , Zhou Jing , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2024

Background
The statistical analysis of death cases has important clinical research value. Our study aims to describe the epidemiology of death cases in a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Hangzhou from 2015 to 2022 and predict the number of future deaths, providing a reference basis for hospitals to formulate relevant strategies and measures.
Methods
Death data of inpatients and non-inpatients in the hospital from 2015 to 2022 were obtained through the CDC-DSP system. The data of death cases were described and analyzed by retrospective study, and the single factor difference was statistically inferred by χ2 tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10), the main causes of death of patients were obtained. SARIMA model was established by R 4.3.0 (forecast, aTSA, tseries) software for time series analysis.
Results
A total of 1938 death cases from 2015 to 2022, including 287 inpatients and 1651 non- inpatients. Among them, the highest was in 2022 (262, 13.52%), and the lowest was in 2019 (223, 11.51%). The gender ratio is 2.22:1, and there are differences (P < 0.05) between different genders in the age, marital status, educational level, and distribution of place of residence. The main cause of death were circulatory system diseases (32.66%), injury-poisoning (28.22%), tumors (14.76%), and respiratory system diseases (10.47%), with a cumulative proportion of 86.12%. Furthermore, the SARIMA (2,1,1)(1,1,1)12 model was ultimately determined to predict the number of deaths among patients, AIC = 380.23, BIC = 392.79, AICc = 381.81, MAPE = 14.99%.
Conclusions
The hospital should focus on improving the pre-hospital emergency treatment and the ability of multi-disciplinary cooperation in the hospital to reduce the number of deaths of hospital patients. the SARIMA model is suitable for predicting the number of death cases and provide reference value for the rational allocation of medical resources.
Intercellular aspirin hand-over with dual therapies by liposome-loaded monocytes
Authors: Sung Hak-Joon , Yu Seung Eun , Kim Jueun , Kim Dae-Hyun , Baek Sewoom , Park Suji , Chung Seyong
Published: January 2024

Cell-cell communication serves as a foundation concept of intercellular therapeutic hand-over. Despite the commonsense level of understanding, no clear projection has been made to prove the mechanism. Here, the hand-over of aspirin-liposomes from monocytes to inflamed cells is validated under high-resolution time series of 3D imaging in vitro with in vivo confirmation. As a significant value, caveolin is identified to play a major role in mediating the hand-over using cell receptors by super-resolution microscopy, which is induced by the overexpression of caveolin upon inflammation. When aspirin-liposomes are loaded to splenic monocytes, they naturally target inflamed sites efficiently because the spleen is a major site of liposomal clearance from the body in addition to monocyte residence to leave towards inflammatory signals. The delivery efficiency and anti-inflammatory effects of hand-over through intravenous injection are superior to oral injection of soluble aspirin as confirmed in the ischemic hindlimb and fatty liver of mice (targeted therapy). These results are also agreed by the anti-platelet effect in mouse blood over 7 days (prolonged therapy), and the combination of these therapeutic actions effectively rescues atherosclerotic carotid artery of mouse. This study proves the working mechanism of hand-over, suggesting a translational strategy to improve intercellular delivery.
Mouthwash Formulas for Xerostomia and Malodour
Authors: İNAL Ebrar , YAPAR Evren ALGIN , ERDAL Meryem Sedef , KARA Bilge Ahsen , YILMAZ Fatıma Nur , ÖZKANCA Cemre , DÖŞLER Sibel , KARTAL Murat
Published: January 2024

Xerostomia also known as dry mouth is often associated with bacterial malodour and oral-dental disorders. A successful treatment must provide oral hygiene and moisten the mouth. In this study, it was aimed to prepare mouthwash formulas using essential oils (1–6%), fixed oils and carboxymethyl cellulose that can meet both requirements. Citrus bergamia fruit peel oil, Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaf oil, Vitis vinifera L. and Corylus avellana L. seed oils was used as essential and fixed oils, which were analyzed by using GC-FD/MS. The organoleptic, pH, density, viscosity, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity controls were conducted on the formulas. Stability studies were conducted in a stabilization cabinet at 25°C, 60%RH for 90 days, revealing that all formulations remained stable based on organoleptic assessments, pH, and density controls. Formulations containing 2% or more cinnamon oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against all investigated mouth pathogens (S. pyogenes, S. mutans, S. mitis, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, C. albicans) while formulations with 1–6% bergamot fruit peel oil displayed limited activity, proving ineffective against S. mitis. The most and the lowest cytotoxic formulations were respectively including 6% and 1% cinnamon oil (47,25% and 7,82%) while all the others were in acceptable range against gingival fibroblast cells. In conclusion, the formulation, comprising 2% cinnamon leaf oil, 2–4% hazelnut oil, and a 0.5% CMC solution, demonstrated successful physicochemical characterization with antimicrobial efficacy against all investigated mouth pathogens and exhibited acceptable safety in terms of cytotoxicity. This formulation holds promise for local treatment of xerostomia, malodor, and orodental infections.
Mechanism of cell killing activity of plantaricin LD1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
Authors: Yadav Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Santosh Kumar
Published: January 2024

Plantaricin LD1 was purified from a putative probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum LD1 previously isolated from food. In this study, we have tested detailed mechanism of action against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 considering Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 as control. The plantaricin LD1 showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 34.57 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 138.3 µg/mL against M. luteus MTCC 106 and MIC 69.15 µg/mL and MBC 276.6 µg/mL against E. coli ATCC 25922. The efflux of K+ ions, dissipation of membrane potential (∆ψ) and transmembrane pH gradient (∆pH) of plantaricin LD1-treated cells suggested the membrane-acting nature of plantaricin LD1. Plantaricin LD1 also caused degradation of genomic DNA of target strains tested. The cell killing was confirmed by staining with propidium iodide and visualizing under light and electron microscopes which were ruptured, smaller, swollen and elongated after treatment with plantaricin LD1. Thus, the findings in this paper indicates plantaricin LD1 kills E. coli ATCC 25922 by interacting with cell membrane resulting in efflux of intracellular contents and also caused degradation of nucleic acids leading to cell death.