bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation and comparison of lateral femoro-fabella ligament suture and lateral suture with bone anchor for cranial cruciate ligament repair in cats
Authors: Tassani Chiara , de Witt Anika A. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Elliott Ross C.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVE

To compare the biomechanical properties of lateral femoro-fabella ligament suture (FFLS) and lateral suture with a bone anchor suture (BAS) for management of feline cranial cruciate ligament disease.

ANIMALS

12 femurs from 6 mature cat cadavers.

METHODS

The samples were collected from April to June 2023. The specimens had an FFLS and, subsequently, BAS placed and were positioned into a biomechanical testing machine, preloaded from 5 N to 15 N for 100 cycles, and subsequently, a load to suture failure was applied. The displacement at 5 N and 15 N, the total precycle displacement (millimeters), the force at 3 mm displacement and at failure (newtons), the displacement at failure (millimeters), and the stiffness to failure (Newton:millimiter) were recorded. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare data between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

The displacement at 5 N and 15 N and the total precycle displacement were significantly higher in the FFLS group compared to the BAS group. Additionally, the FFLS group results showed less consistent displacement and marked variability. The force (newtons) at 3 mm displacement was higher in the BAS group. There was no significant difference in force and no significant difference in displacement at failure between the 2 groups. However, the stiffness to failure (N/mm) was significantly higher in the BAS group.

CONCLUSION

BAS represented a more stable and reliable femur attachment for extracapsular suture in cats.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

To demonstrate the stability and reliability between BAS and FFLS and influence implant selection in the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in cats with evaluation of biomechanical properties.
Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics in Some Apple Varieties (Malus Pumila Mill.) from Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Zeroual Ismail , Benaziza Abdelaziz , Adjal Farah , Kheloufi Abdenour
Published: May 2024

The current investigation is centered on the characterization of specific apple cultivars in the Garza region, within the Teniet El Abed municipality, situated 55 km east of Batna (NE-Algeria). Utilizing descriptors outlined by UPOV 2015 pertaining to apples, the study focuses on morphological parameters of leaves, fruits, and terminal shoots across three varieties: Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson. Additionally, soil analysis was conducted to ascertain its suitability for apple cultivation. The examination revealed limited morphological diversity among the investigated apple cultivars, with some descriptors, particularly those related to fruit traits, showing insignificant differences between cultivar types. Overall, the studied varieties - Golden Delicious, Royal Gala, and Starkrimson - exhibit distinct physiological and morphological characteristics. Variations in size, shape, skin color, flesh attributes, as well as sugar and acid content, contribute to the uniqueness of each variety. Whether one prefers sweet or tart apples, or favors larger or smaller fruits, there exists an apple variety to cater to individual tastes. Our findings complement molecular analyses and underscore the need for further exploration of apple germplasm, alongside sustained conservation efforts.
Research on Some Biological and Technological Aspects of the Species Hyacinthus Orientalis (Fam. Liliaceae)
Authors: Morărița Sînziana Venera
Published: May 2024

In a vase or in a pot, in a bouquet or in an arrangement, in the house, in the garden or in the park, alone or in combination, flowers are just as many occasions of joy that we give to ourselves or to our loved ones. Messengers of human thoughts and feelings, flowers contribute to the development of social relations, reflecting in the most brilliant way the refinement, taste and personality of man. Some authors expand the area of use of some of the flowers in the food sphere, considering them edible flowers. However, flowers mean, above all, love, love, hope, trust, appreciation, lust for life; through them we express everything that is noblest and most beautiful in the life of each of us. It is certain that if each of us understood - even just for a moment - the extraordinary message that a flower so eloquently conveys, then the world we live in would be much better. Flower culture at a high technological level cannot be done without thorough knowledge of biology, plant physiology and ecology, genetics and plant breeding, agrochemistry, pedology, agrotechnics, phytopathology and entomology, and for the commercialization of production and ensuring economic profitability, it is also necessary marketing knowledge and market research. Knowing the biological properties of plants and their reaction to different environmental conditions and agrotechnical works are essential in the design and application of a high-performance technology. The mastery of this information in the sphere of the disciplines mentioned above denotes a high qualification of the florist specialist and the satisfaction of successful crops is possible only by doubling this qualification with intense work, done with a lot of passion and dedication.
Optimizing Feed Formulation Strategies for Attaining Optimal Nutritional Balance in High-Performing Dairy Goats in Intensive Farming Production Systems
Authors: Șonea Cosmin , Gheorghe-Irimia Raluca Aniela , Dulaimi Makki Khalaf Hussein Al , Udrea Lavinia , Tăpăloagă Dana , Tăpăloagă Paul-Rodian
Published: May 2024

Genetic factors play a pivotal role in shaping feed formulation strategies for dairy goats, influencing milk production, composition, and overall productivity through the modulation of genetic parameters and polymorphisms associated with milk protein fractions and yield. Moreover, environmental challenges, including heat stress and feed availability fluctuations, pose significant hurdles in achieving optimal nutrition and performance, necessitating precision livestock farming and the utilization of local by-products to mitigate their impact on herd health and productivity. In addition, nutritional interventions, such as supplement utilization and alternative feed incorporation, offer promising avenues for addressing specific deficiencies and enhancing overall performance, from fatty acid supplementation to herbal feed additives, while balancing rations to meet evolving nutritional needs and ensuring long-term sustainability remains paramount for optimizing herd nutrition, health, and performance in intensive dairy goat production systems. The aim of this study was to explore the multifaceted influences of genetic factors, environmental challenges, and nutritional interventions on feed formulation strategies and overall herd nutrition, health, and performance in intensive dairy goat production systems.
Prediction of the Non-Linear Rupture of a Section Under Compound Deviated Bending
Authors: Atlaoui D. , Mansouri A. , Ait Aider H.
Published: May 2024

Under stresses close to the ultimate stresses, a reinforced concrete section yields and cracks. The calculation in linear elasticity no longer makes it possible to evaluate the real deformations of the section. One is then led to make a study in nonlinear elasticity. The object of this work is the elaboration of a calculation method in nonlinear elasticity, allowing the simulation until the failure of reinforced concrete sections subjected to a compound deviated bending taking into account the real behavior laws (nonlinear) of the materials (steel and concrete). A computer program is developed following FORTRAN standards, and then confronted with the obtained experimental results on failure tests of sections subjected to deflected bending. The comparison between the numerical simulation and the experimental test/calculation shows the achievement of satisfactory results.
Role of Gate Type in the Air-Demand Ratio in Closed Conduits
Authors: Aydin A. B. , Baylar A. , Ozkan F. , Tuna M. C. , Ozturk Mualla
Published: May 2024

Sluice and radial gates are common devices used to control flow in closed conduits. In high-head gated conduits, the high-velocity flow exiting the gate drags and entrains a lot of air. If the air demand of the flow is not met, the pressure drop downstream of the gate will cause structural damage or cavitation. Typically, an air vent is installed immediately downstream of the gate to supply sufficient air to the flow. In this study, the effect of the conduit gate type on the air-demand ratio was investigated. The results showed that the gate type had a very significant effect on the air-demand ratio. Significantly higher air-demand ratios were observed in the conduit with a sluice gate compared to the conduit with a radial gate. The results obtained will be useful in future modeling and design processes.
Fire and Artificial Intelligence (AI): How AI Anticipates Human Behaviour in Fire Situations- Case Study of the Colectiv Fire
Authors: Popovici C.-G. , Enaru I. , Aioanei C.-C. , Ţurcanu F.-E. , Hudişteanu S.-V. , Cherecheş N.-C. , Verdeș Marina , Ancaș Diana-Ana , Ciocan V.
Published: May 2024

The catastrophic fire at Bucharest’s Colectiv Club marks a profoundly tragic event in Romania’s history, being one of the most significant human-made disasters the country has faced in recent decades. This study seeks to meticulously reconstruct the events of that fateful night through the use of advanced simulation software applications. By doing so, it aims to provide a detailed analysis of the factors leading to the tragedy, which claimed the lives of 64 individuals and caused injuries to 185 others. The objective is to understand better the dynamics and consequences of the fire, potentially leading to improvements in safety protocols and emergency response strategies to prevent such disasters in the future.
Development of Rheology in the Area of High-Performance Concrete – A Review
Authors: Khan A. W. , Kumar S.
Published: May 2024

The rheological or flow quality high-performance concrete (HPC) are significant as they affect several parameters, including ease of placing, compatibility, durability and strength. For the selection of component materials and prediction of the fresh and hardened characteristics of HPC, an adequate understanding of rheology is required. This literature review gives a gist of the works done in the field of rheological study of HPC. The flow models and equations to explain the flow behaviour of HPC mixes as proposed by the researchers are presented. Yield stress and plastic viscosity are the basic rheological parameters that are used in these equations. Various rheometers developed to measure and estimate these rheological parameters of HPC are also presented in this paper. This review provides a thorough analysis of the effects of various constituent materials on the rheological properties of HPC. This includes aggregates, cement, various supplementary cementitious materials like fly ash silica fume, slag etc. Also, the effect of mineral admixtures like superplasticizers and viscosity modifying agents along with the synergic effects is discussed. Finally, the prospects of the study on the unexplored areas and future challenges in the field of study are discussed.
Structure-Structure Interaction in the Reinforced Concrete Frames-Wall
Authors: Merakeb S. , Kahil A. , Ghouilem K.
Published: May 2024

Reinforced concrete frame-wall (RC frame-Wall) structures are generally solved in a global manner by modeling the entire structure by assembling the RC frame and wall stiffness matrices into a global matrix. The bar-wall element interface is modeled at the mean line of the beam-column element, according to RPA 99, which limits the interaction to the axial and transverse components of the forces (mechanical and kinematic) thus neglecting the effects of section rotations.

In order to take into account, the rotational components of the mechanical behavior of the beams (section rotation and bending moment), the interaction between the RC frame and the wall must take place at the real interface of the two substructures, i.e. at the extreme fiber of the bar elements (beams and columns). The transmission of force from the wall to the RC frame is done by transforming the tangent stresses of the wall into moment in the beam.
Studies on the Influence of Temperature and Frequency on the Stiffness Module for Airport Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Petcu Claudia , Răcănel Carmen , Burlacu A.
Published: May 2024

The study of the behavior of bituminous mixtures is a very old subject in the specialized literature, many specialists in the field trying to explain the causes of the degradations, considering different factors. The bituminous mixtures were initially used in the construction of road structures for roads, so that a few years ago they also started to be used in the road structures of airport surfaces.

The subject of the current research study is a priority worldwide and contributes, through the obtained results, to the enrichment of knowledge regarding the behavior of airport bituminous mixtures. The complexity of this study was based on the multitude of laboratory tests carried out on the designed airport bituminous mixture, BBA 16, using complex modern and high-performance equipment and equipment that lead to the determination of the stiffness modulus at different temperatures and frequencies both on trapezoidal samples and on prismatic samples.
Estimation of Asphalt Mixture Fatigue Behaviour Using the Two-Point Bending Test
Authors: Petcu Claudia , Răcănel Carmen
Published: May 2024

The fatigue behaviour of bituminous layers must be taken into account when dimensioning road structures and projecting streets. To satisfy this fatigue criterion, laboratory tests must be used to determine the material characteristics and fatigue life of bituminous mixtures. The aim of this article is to study the crack initiation stage using a specific laboratory test: the two-point constant strain bending fatigue test on trapezoidal specimens. The laboratory tests were carried out on three types of bituminous mixes used in the wearing course, each containing successively two different types of bitumen (one imported and one Romanian). The conclusions drawn from this article refer to the influence of mix type and bitumen on the characteristics obtained.
Diet supplementation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae influences the electrophoretic parameters in blood in young Charolaise bulls
Authors: Arfuso Francesca , Giannetto Claudia , Pennisi Melissa , Giudice Elisabetta , Piccione Giuseppe , Gianesella Matteo , Zumbo Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on some acute-phase proteins, haptoglobin and all electrophoretic parameters in young Charolaise bulls.

Material and Methods

Sixty bulls were divided into two equal groups: the control group (CG) receiving the base diet without yeast supplementation and the diet supplementation group (YG) receiving the base diet with 5g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation. The base diet was total mixed ration allocated at 11.85 kg per animal per day. Blood samples were collected from all bulls on day 0 before the start of the diet supplementation, and on days 20 and 40 after the start. Total proteins, albumin, globulin fraction (α1-, α2-, β1-, β2- and γ-globulins), albumin: globulin ratio (A: G) and haptoglobin were determined.

Results

Two-way analysis of variance showed a significant effect of the yeast feeding time on all studied parameters except α2-globulins in both groups. The YG showed a higher average concentration of total proteins, albumin and A: G and a lower average concentration of γ-globulins and haptoglobin than the CG.

Conclusion

These results indicated the beneficial effect of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the inflammatory status of the young bulls, which showed an adequate response in serum levels of the acute-phase proteins tested.
Molecular characteristics of fowl adenovirus strains detected in broiler chickens on diets without immunostimulant supplements
Authors: Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta , Kozdruń Wojciech , Tomczyk Grzegorz , Piekarska Karolina , Barabasz Marcin , Michalski Marcin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Outbreaks of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection in chicken flocks in Poland threaten birds’ health and lives and are rising in frequency. The risk of these infections in immunocompromised poultry flocks with developed clinical symptoms was analysed through virus detection in broiler chicks and correlation of cases with the birds’ immune strength.

Material and Methods

Samples were analysed from four broiler farms with chicks from the same hatchery in Silesia, Poland where feeding regimes were different. A normal diet was provided to birds on the control farm; a normal diet and probiotic, prebiotic, vitamin and microelement supplementation was supplied on another farm; a normal diet and antibiotics on the third; and a normal diet and both forms of supplementation were given on the fourth farm. Amplification of the virus DNA in a PCR with hexon gene L1 loop hypervariable region 1–4 primers determined the molecular characteristics of isolates of adenovirus strains obtained from necropsy tissue samples. The amplicon sequences were analysed, the pair-wise distances were determined, the maximum likelihood estimate for the gamma parameter for site rates was produced, Tajima’s D neutrality test was run and the relative synonymous codon usage and transition/transversion bias were calculated.

Results

Two species and two serotypes of fowl adenovirus – MW353018-FAdV-1/A-L-liver and MW353019-FAdV-5/B-I-intestine – were isolated in three-week-old broiler chicks on the control farm.

Conclusion

Supplementation of broiler chicken flocks with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and microelements may have a significant beneficial effect on immunity and can prevent virus infection. The studies provided new information on the molecular characteristics of adenovirus strains isolated from chicks with a low level of immunity.
Exploring the impact of performance management systems and feedback quality on employee motivation: investigating the mediating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Lifang Zheng , Ali Dhakir Abbas
Published: May 2024

Purpose: The goal of performance management is to guarantee that teams and individuals receive the tools necessary for growth, the acknowledgement they merit for motivation, and the accountability to understand expectations. Performance management makes sure that the organization's ideals are upheld in daily operations and that teams are in agreement over priorities.
 
Method: This study's mixed-method approach research design incorporates both quantitative and qualitative data. Because it allows for a thorough analysis of the effects of performance management systems on employee performance, a case study design is used.
 
Result and Conclusion: To sum up, this study provides insightful information about the complex opinions that workers at different organisational levels have about performance management systems. The results highlight the necessity of clear communication, focused training, and ongoing assessment in order to maximise the effect of PMS on worker productivity and organisational success.
 
Implication of Research: The findings showed that 36.7% of respondents denied having PMS, while 56.7% of respondents admitted to having it. Furthermore, 16.6% of respondents said they were unsure if PMS actually existed.
 
Originality/Value: Opinions on how satisfied people were with the current PMS differed. 46.7% of respondents said they were satisfied, 36.7% said they were not, and 16.6% said they were unsure about their level of satisfaction.
Evaluation of Firms Supports Policies
Authors: Tuan Le Anh , Tien Dinh Van , Dat Truong Cong
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study evaluates, analyzes, and measures support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi to propose some recommendations to help small and medium enterprises improve business performance and expand scale.
 
Theoretical Framework: In terms of scale, among the SMEs operating in the area, SMEs in the non-state sector account for the largest proportion, estimated at about 97.2%. This shows that SMEs in the non-state sector contribute an important part to Hanoi's economy. The average production and business capital of non-state-owned SMEs increased by 10.2%. This may represent the development and performance enhancement of firms in this area.
 
Method/Design/Approach: A survey was conducted with the participation of 210 employees of SMEs in Hanoi, including the board of directors and sales department heads. Analytical methods such as descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and ANOVA analyses are used to test and measure the scales.
 
Results and Conclusion: Research results show that support policies for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi are highly appreciated. There is no statistically significant difference in the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi between these different genders, ages, job positions, business operating times, and business sectors.
 
Research Implications: This research uses the contents of the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi and the business performance of SMEs in Hanoi based on prior studies in the realm of firms. Within the context of the digital transformation of the entire society and industrial revolution 4.0, these variables are useful solutions for SMEs.
 
Originality/Value: This study uses a new research methodology to evaluate and measure the support policy for small and medium enterprises in Hanoi. The paper's primary contribution is findings that benefit the SMEs in Hanoi in the improvement of their scale expansion and business performance.
Improving Wetlands Entrepreneurial Orientation With Problem-Based Learning (PBL) At The Purun Crafts Center in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Naparin Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Objective: Purun Danau (Lepironia articulata Retz.) is a typical wetland plant that can be used as high-value craft materials. Efforts to increase wetland entrepreneurial competency in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) expressed in entrepreneurial orientation (EO) are a crucial step to achieve community welfare and play a role in environmental sustainability. This study aims to measure and analyze the effectiveness of training on EO using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL).
 
Theoretical Framework: EO is characterized by innovativeness, proactive attitude and risk-taking that supports the growth and development of MSMEs.
 
Method: This study uses a quantitative method with quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics version 26.
 
Results and Discussion: Results of the study show there is significant difference in the level of EO before and after the implementation of PBL. There has been an increase in the level of EO from pre-test scores ranging between 1,630 and 2,982 and post-test scores between 2,364 and 3,498.
 
Research Implications: This study has strong implications in building wetland MSME entrepreneurs, creating added value to natural wetland resources, and encouraging the creation of eco-friendly products.
 
Originality/Value: This study has originality which focuses on increasing the entrepreneurial orientation of MSMEs with learning and training interventions using Problem-Based Learning (PBL).
The Linkage Between Proactive Interaction Capability with Work Team Performance in Five Star Hotels
Authors: Sari Raden Ayu Aminah Rizkia Puspita , Suharnomo  , Perdhana Mirwan Surya
Published: May 2024

Objective: This research aims to use proactive interaction capability as a mediating variable for the influence of knowledge sharing on work team performance.
 
Method: This research method was developed in a causal research design in which research hypotheses will be tested, with the aim of identifying causal relationships between variables. The population in this study were all department managers in the 5 Star hotel industry in West Java with a sample of 22 hotels. These departments include Front Office, Food and Beverage service, Food and Beverage products, Housekeeping, Accounting, HRD, Engineering, Marketing and Security. Apart from that, the hotel owner is a member of the Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Association (PHRI) and the hotel has been operating for more than 10 (ten) years. The data source used in this research is primary data with data collected using a list of statements submitted directly to respondents. The data analysis method used in this research uses variance-based or component-based SEM structural equation modeling techniques which include several steps including preparing flow diagrams, model fit research, and structural model assessment.
 
Results and Discussion: The results of this research show several findings, including (1) the work team efficacy variable is not able to mediate proactive interaction capability and work team performance, (2) the proactive interaction capability variable is able to mediate knowledge sharing on work team performance.
 
Originality/Value: Proactive interaction capability in this research is a new initiative in explaining the process of how knowledge sharing can improve work team performance.
Progressive collapsing foot deformity: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options
Authors: Batouk Omar , Alzahrani Ibrahim , Saemaldahar Majd , Alshanqiti Abdullatif , Alhazmi Feras , Alshinkity Mohammed , Zogel Basem
Published: May 2024

Progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disease that can cause significant deformity and disability. This review article aimed to overview the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options for PCFD. Google Scholar and PubMed were searched specifically for publications published up until May 2023 through several keywords. Inclusion criteria were articles on PCFD and articles published in English. The exclusion criteria were related to flexible flatfoot, vertical talus condition, and non-English articles. PCFD can present with various symptoms and signs, including elongation of the tibialis posterior tendon, hindfoot valgus deformity, forefoot abduction, weakness on the single-heel-rise test, and too-many-toes signs. The footprint assessment can be used easily and effectively to detect PCFD. Diagnosis of PCFD must be according to a thorough history taking, physical check-up, and appropriate imaging studies. Treatment options for PCFD range from conservative measures such as orthotic devices and physical therapy to more aggressive measures such as tendon transfers, arthroereisis, and implant-based reconstructions. The therapeutic plan should be individualized to the patient's requirements and comorbidities. Different surgical modalities are available to manage flat foot deformity, including arthroereisis, lateral column lengthening, medializing calcaneal osteotomy, dorsal opening wedge osteotomy, and cotton osteotomy. Each intervention has its benefits and disadvantages, and the most appropriate modality should be selected according to the kind and severity of the deformity, the patient's features and risk factors, and the surgeon's experience. Pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcomes measurement information system scores can help to evaluate treatment outcomes.
Urgent Surgery for A Month-Long Headache: a Case Report
Authors: Gunay Erkan
Published: May 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as impaired brain function due to external force. In the adult population threated at the Emergency Department (ED) prevalence is twice as high in males then females. It is classified as mild moderate and severe based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Subdural Hematomas (SDH) are generally associated with high-energy traumas, especially road accidents and mostly seen amongst the population aged
Ser menino e ser menina em uma turma de crianças de multi-idade no contexto da Educação Infantil: diálogos sobre identidade de gênero
Authors: Machado Angelita Maria , Salva Sueli
Published: May 2024

Este artigo é um recorte da dissertação de mestrado defendida em 2023 que teve o objetivo de compreender as significações construídas pelas crianças acerca dos modos de ser menino e ser menina existentes entre personagens em algumas histórias de literatura infantil que adotam uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica acerca de gênero. O estudo teve como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativo-etnográfica com crianças e construcionista social. Para a fundamentação teórica, foram utilizados autores como Candido (2011); Corsaro (2005); Fernandes (2016); Machado (2018, 2021, 2023); Vianna e Finco (2009). Foi possível identificar através deste estudo que as identidades de gênero ainda estão presentes em nossa sociedade como forma de diferenciar e controlar os corpos de meninos e meninas nas escolas de Educação Infantil.
POLÍTICAS DE DROGAS NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE FENOMENOLÓGICA DA APLICAÇÃO E IMPACTOS NO SISTEMA PRISIONAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Santos Alessandra Siqueira dos , Bastos Paulo Haidamus de Oliveira , Ramos Eliza Miranda
Published: May 2024

O sistema prisional brasileiro tem sido ao longo da história, forjado por perspectivas de controle e punição, de certo modo, influenciado por políticas de drogas fundamentadas no modelo proibicionista alavancado pelos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), resultando, em desafios significativos para a superação destas medidas no Brasil. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como a política sobre drogas tem sido aplicada nas prisões de Mato Grosso do Sul, na perspectiva de seus servidores. O estudo é de natureza qualitativa, descritiva, transversal, com abordagem fenomenológica desenvolvida em unidades do órgão gestor no estado, com um total aleatório de onze locais avaliados. Os principais desafios a serem superados para a aplicação da política sobre drogas nas prisões, são a ausência de normativos legais, investimentos insuficientes nos servidores prisionais, estrutura inadequada para a prestação das assistências, e ainda, a ausência de amparo institucional. Para a aplicação da política sobre drogas no sistema prisional brasileiro é necessário haver normativos específicos para a efetivação de práticas ressocializadoras voltadas a prevenção e tratamento da dependência química, assim como investimentos nos servidores prisionais, melhorias estruturais e apoio institucional. Faz-se urgente reconhecer que, a prisão não pode ser único instrumento legal às pessoas que cometeram crimes em decorrência de suas vulnerabilidades com as drogas, e que o sistema prisional precisa ser ressignificado em suas funções com atuação do Estado e da sociedade, para superar os desafios históricos e estabelecer um sistema mais justo e respeitoso dos direitos humanos.
Estudio exploratorio sobre el conocimiento y sensibilidad ante el maltrato infantil
Authors: Silva Lorente Isabel , Escribano Barreno Cristina
Published: May 2024

Introducción.  Este estudio explora el conocimiento de estudiantes, profesorado y personal no docente sobre los factores de riesgo del maltrato infantil y su grado de sensibilización comparándolo con otros ámbitos profesionales y formativos. Se mide el grado de conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo de maltrato relacionados con las características del niño, los factores familiares, socioeconómicos y culturales, y los factores individuales de la persona que comete el abuso. Se midió la sensibilidad al maltrato a través de la percepción de la gravedad de diferentes conductas relacionadas con el maltrato pasivo (negligencia) y activo y la frecuencia de las distintas conductas abusivas.
 
Método.  El procedimiento de muestreo realizado fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 878 personas (68,3% mujeres) entre 18 y 65 años. Se diseñaron instrumentos específicos utilizando una escala tipo Likert de 5 puntos para evaluar el grado de conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo de maltrato y la sensibilidad ante el mismo. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS v.25.0 y se realizaron análisis de varianza multivariante y correlaciones de Pearson.
 
Resultados. El estudio muestra que los docentes parecen estar más preparados que la población general para la detección ya que tienen un mayor conocimiento de los factores de riesgo y la frecuencia y gravedad del abuso. Tanto el conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo en la aparición de maltrato como la experiencia personal previa parecen ser factores que influyen en la sensibilidad ante el maltrato.
 
Discusión y conclusiones.  Se resalta la importancia de la sensibilidad y formación ante el maltrato infantil y se concluye la necesidad de que los programas preventivos se planifiquen teniendo en cuenta el perfil al que se dirigen por las diferencias de conocimiento de unos grupos y otros.
Relación del género en la asociación entre victimización, ciberbullying e Inteligencia Emocional en adolescentes

Authors: Belmonte Arévalo Ana Belén , Alonso Salas Silvia , Horgas Aliaga Olga , Chacon Cuberos Ramón , Nogueras Alabarce Jósé Manuel , Ocaña Povedano Ana
Published: May 2024

Introducción. La presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo analizar la relación de la Inteligencia Emocional (IE) con la victimización y agresividad a través de redes en adolescentes. El acoso escolar provoca situaciones de carácter conflictivo entre los estudiantes y los docentes, siendo actualmente un fenómeno de gran importancia en el entorno socioeducativo requiriendo especial atención, dónde la IE actúa como mecanismo de protección ante dichas situaciones, la cual difiere en relación con el género y al ambiente socio-familiar.
Método. Se realiza un estudio transversal, correlacional y ex post-facto. La muestra estuvo constituida por 126 alumnos de 15 a 17 años, siendo un 51,6% varones y un 48,4% mujeres; estableciéndose diferenciaciones en función de este como parte del método de estudio. Como instrumentos se empleó el inventario de Inteligencia Emocional Bar-On, la Escala de Victimización en la Escuela y Escala de agresiones a través del teléfono móvil y de Internet (CYB-AG), empleando el software IBM SPSS para el análisis estadístico.
Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron que los sujetos que habían sufrido acoso escolar o ciberbullying contaban con un nivel de IE ligeramente más bajo y, que a pesar de que tradicionalmente se solía enfatizar la relación entre agresor-acosado, hay más factores que inciden sobre estos casos con el género.  Dado que se presenta una puntuación más elevada en IE en el caso de las mujeres que en el másculino, siendo más significativo en la dimensión del manejo del estrés.
Discusión y conclusiones. El centro educativo y la familia deben trabajar de manera conjunta para prevenir la violencia entre iguales, pues produce graves consecuencias sobre quienes lo padecen. El acoso escolar no solo influye en gran medida sobre la Inteligencia Emocioal de las victimas, sino que, además, el acoso escolar se encuentra determinado por la baja Inteligencia Emocional de los agresores, concretamente en relación con el manejo del estrés.
Preliminary study on the effect of natural acidification on meiofaunal communities in sandy substrates
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), González-Delgado Sara , Núñez Jorge , Hernández José Carlos ,   Universidad de La Laguna (España)
Published: May 2024

In recent years, research on ocean acidification in CO2 vents has increased, but very few have considered the meiofaunal communities living in sandy substrates, despite their importance as bioindicators. Therefore, the aim of this work is to carry out a preliminary study of the meiofauna associated with sandy substrates in the acidified system of La Palma, Canary Islands, which includes coastal lagoons with very extreme environments. The results obtained based on abundance confirm a significant change in the meiofaunal communities in these coastal lagoons. We found an increase in bioindicator taxa of altered environments: oligochaetes, nematodes, copepods and, to a lesser extent, ostracods and acarids. While xenacelomorphs are the most affected by acidification as they are the only group with a decrease in abundance. All this indicates an alteration in the composition of the meiofaunal communities due to the extreme acidification in the coastal environment of La Palma.
FORMATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL IDEAL IN THE CONTEXT OF D.V. PIVOVAROV’S CONCEPT OF THE IDEAL
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Melnik N. B.
Published: May 2024

The author addresses the urgent problem of the formation and development of a new ecological culture as a strategically important task in the conditions of the ecological crisis. Developing the heuristic potential of the synthetic concept of culture and D. V. Pivovarov’s concept of the ideal, the author analyzes the possibility of understanding the essence of ecological culture based on this concept, the possibility of constructing the ecological culture of the future society based on the concept of the ideal. The key importance of the ideal in the formation of culture is substantiated. The article discusses three models of idealization in the ecological context and the manifestations of these ways of idealization in modern reality. The author analyzes the birth of a new ecological ideal in the format of a specific subjective image of the objective world, embodied in numerous texts of ecophilosophists, which, according to the author, have a limited impact on the broad masses of the population. Тhe author sees the reasons for this in the scientific style of texts and the lack of attractiveness for a modern person of the world order proposed by ecophilosophists. The possibility of the emergence of ecological religion on the principles of metaconfessionality, ecocentrism and biocentrism is interpreted. Modern ecological practices are considered as the second way of idealization, which involves the transformation of activities based on the criterion of long-term, long-term and multidimensional benefits based on the universal value of nature and the remoteness of the consequences of environmental management. To effectively use this path of idealization, support from the state, the media, elites, etc. is needed. The transformation of images-ideals of an ecological nature, embodied, for example, in the change of the aesthetic ideal, is discussed. The article interprets ecotopia as an integral mechanism of idealization, reflecting all the listed models of idealization. As a result of the research, the problems of the correlation of ecological values and ideals with the values of individualism and collectivism are revealed, the need for a new understanding of the idea of the «common good», the search for the ecological meaning of the concept of «quality of life», the study of possible forms of the sacralization of nature in modern conditions is revealed. The results of the research can be used in the implementation of environmental policy to create conditions for the sustainable development of society, in pedagogical design of ways to form environmental values, in ecophilosophical research of the search for strategies for survival and sustainable development.
Nerve Epidermal Growth Factor-Like 1 Protein (NELL-1) Expression in Mercury-Related Membranous Nephropathy: Is It a True Association or a Chance Occurrence?
Authors: Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Stephen Norton , Priyamvada PS , Ganesh Rajesh Nachiappa , Parameswaran Sreejith , Gochhait Debasis
Published: May 2024

Background:

Neural epidermal-like growth factor-like 1 (NELL-1) is a protein kinase C binding protein expressed in osteoblasts and renal tubules. It is expressed in 5%–25% glomerular cells at the mRNA level. Membranous Nephropathy (MN) is characterized by the presence of antibodies against certain types of antigens on the glomerular basement membrane. The most common one implicated in primary MN is an antibody against PLA2R. Many newer antigens have been discovered in the recent past, which are proven to cause secondary MN, one of which is NELL-1. NELL-1 has been associated with malignancy-associated MN and also recently associated with traditional indigenous medications containing mercury. In this study, we study the expression of NELL-1 in mercury-associated MN.

Materials and Methods:

Records of ten cases of Mercury -associated MN were retrieved from the Institute medical archives and NELL-1 Immunohistochemistry was performed in all ten cases.

Results:

NELL-1 was found to be positive in 50% of the cases of Mercury associated MN. In addition, mass spectrometric studies was performed, which revealed the common Mercuric compound associated to be ‘Swaskalpa’, ‘Sudarshana Melugu’ and ‘Rasagandhi Mezhugu’.

Conclusion:

This study highlights why it is important to diagnose mercury-associated MN by a pathologist by picking up the finer histopathological clues and by using NELL-1 immunohistochemistry, especially in PLA2R-negative patients. The former is true as most of the time a history of mercuric compound intake is missed out.
Oxidative nitrogen insertion into silyl enol ether C=C bonds
Authors: Lin Alex , Ghosh Arghya , Yellen Simon , Ball Zachary T. , Kurti Laszlo
Published: May 2024

Here we demonstrate a fundamentally new reactivity of the silyl enol ether functionality utilizing an in situ-generated “io-donitrene”-like species. The present transformation inserts a single nitrogen atom between the silyl enol ether olefinic carbons with concomitant cleavage of the C=C bond without fragmentation. Overall, this facile transformation converts a C-nucleophilic silyl enol ether to the corresponding C-electrophilic N-acyl-N,O-acetal. This unprecedented access to alpha-amidoalkylating agents enables facile and modular derivatization, allowing deep exploration of unchartered chemical space. Applications presented herein include late-stage nitrogen insertion into carbon skeletons of complex natural products with previously unattainable regioselectivity, as well as modified conditions for 15N labeling of amides and lactams.
Defluorinative Multicomponent Cascade Reaction of Trifluoromethylarenes via Palladium Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Li Zhibin , Bao Lei , Wei Kaihang , Zhan Beibei , Lu Ping , Zhang Xiaheng
Published: May 2024

The incorporation of aromatic difluoromethyl motifs has proven to be a fruitful strategy for enhancing the therapeutic profiles of modern pharmaceutical candidates. While the defluorofunctionalization of trifluoromethylarenes offers a promising pathway towards diverse aromatic difluoromethyl compounds, current methods are predominantly limited to two-component reactions. Multicomponent cascade reactions (MCRs) involving a transient aromatic difluoromethyl radical are still uncommon and highly sought after owing to their capacity to rapidly generate challenging molecular structures. In this study, we present a photocatalytic manifold that combines commercially available trifluoromethylarenes, feedstock dienes and various nucleophiles to achieve a modular defluorinative MCR. This method features mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope with excellent functional group compatibility. Furthermore, this protocol enables a previously unreported process of formal defluorinative editing for the resulting MCR aromatic difluoromethyl adducts. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the proposed photoinduced palladium catalytic cycle.
Chemical programming of solubilizing, non-equilibrium active droplets
Authors: Kim Kueyoung , Balaj Rebecca , Zarzar Lauren
Published: May 2024

In this Account, we highlight our group’s efforts towards developing chemical frameworks for understanding active and interactive oil-in-water emulsions. How do the chemical properties and physical spatial organization of the oil, water, and surfactant combine to yield colloidal-scale active properties? Our group tackles this question by employing systematic studies of active behavior working across the chemical space of oils and surfactants to link molecular structure to active behavior. The Account begins with an introduction to the self-propulsion of single, isolated droplets and how by applying biases, such as with a gravitation field or interfacially adsorbed particles, drop speeds can be manipulated. Next, we illustrate that some droplets can be attractive, as well as self-propulsive / repulsive, which does not fall in line with the current understanding of the impact of oil-filled micelle gradients on interfacial tensions. The mechanisms by which oil-filled micelles influence interfacial tensions of non-equilibrium interfaces is poorly understood and requires deeper molecular understanding. Regardless, we extend our knowledge of droplet motility to design emulsions with non-reciprocal predator-prey interactions and describe dynamic self-organization that arises from the combination of reciprocal and non-reciprocal interactions between droplets. Finally, we highlight our group’s progress towards answering key chemical questions surrounding non-equilibrium processes in emulsions that remain to be answered. We hope that our progress in understanding the chemical principles governing the dynamic non-equilibrium properties of oil-in-water droplets can help inform research in tangential research areas such as cell biology and origin-of-life.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Conductive Polymers
Authors: Stern Quentin , Verhaeghe Guillaume , El Daraï Théo , Montarnal Damien , Huu Le Nghia , Veyre Laurent , Thieuleux Chloé , Bocquelet Charlotte , Cala Olivier , Jannin Sami
Published: May 2024

The low sensitivity of liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be overcome by hyperpolarizing nuclear spins by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). It consists of transferring the near-unity polarization of unpaired electron spins of stable radicals to the nuclear spins of interest at liquid helium temperatures, below 2 K, before melting the sample in view of hyperpolarized liquid-state magnetic resonance experiments. Reaching such a temperature is challenging and requires complex instrumentation, which impedes the deployment of dDNP. Here, we propose organic conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) as a new class of polarizing matrices and report 1H polarizations of up to 5%. We also show that 13C spins of a host solution impregnated in porous conductive polymers can be hyperpolarized by relayed DNP. Such conductive polymers, if synthesized as chiral, can have their electron spins hyperpolarized close to unity without the need for either low temperatures or high magnetic fields, but by simply flowing electrical current through them, which is highly promising. Our results show the feasibility of solid-state DNP in conductive polymers and pave the way toward DNP from hyperpolarized electrons in their chiral form in the future.