bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the subfamily Ostomopsinae (Coleoptera: Cerylonidae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ , ŚLIPIŃSKI ADAM
Published: June 2021

The subfamily Ostomopsinae of Cerylonidae is revised. Six nominal species are recognized and described or redescribed: Ostomopsis cudak sp. n. (Thailand), O. kuscheli sp. n. (New Caledonia), O. neotropicalis Lawrence & Stephan (USA: Florida; Mexico: San Luis Potosi, Veracruz; Panama, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat), O. solitaria Scott (Seychelles, New Caledonia, Christmas Island, Northern Mariana Islands), O. solomon sp. n. (Solomon Islands), and O. watti sp. n. (New Caledonia). Morphological structures of the type species of Ostomopsis are illustrated and described in detail, and identification key to Ostomopsis species is given.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation May Improve Outcomes After Resuscitative Thoracotomy: A National Trauma Data Bank Analysis
Authors: Owattanapanich Natthida , Inaba Kenji , Allen Brad , Lewis Meghan , Henry Reynold , Clark Damon , Matsushima Kazuhide , Strumwasser Aaron
Published: June 2021

Background

Albeit low survival rates, resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) is considered standard for selected trauma patients. Because it has potential for rapid cardiopulmonary rescue, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may augment RT. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of ECMO on trauma patients that recently underwent RT after injury.

Study Design

All patients who underwent RT were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2017). Patients were excluded if they died within 60 minutes, underwent delayed ECMO, and/or had missing data. Delayed ECMO group was defined as those patients undergoing ECMO after 1 hour following RT.

Results

Out of 8 694 272 injured patients, 10 106 (.1%) underwent RT. Median age was 31 years [23-45], 86% male. Penetrating injury was the dominant mechanism (62%). Of these, .6% (23) underwent immediate ECMO. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients were significantly younger (23[17-33] vs. 31[23-46], p .003) and had significantly higher chest abbreviated injury scale scores (5[4-5] vs. 3[3-4], P < .001). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients achieved significantly higher rate of return of spontaneous circulation (96% vs. 70%, p .007) and had nonsignificant trend of improved mortality (52% vs. 63%, p .260).

Conclusion

Immediate ECMO may be a useful therapeutic modality after RT. It achieves higher ROSC rates with opportunity for improved survival. Future prospective study is warranted.
Factors Affecting One-Year Outcomes After Major Lower Extremity Amputation in the Vascular Quality Initiative Amputation Registry
Authors: Andersen James C. , Mannoia Kristyn A. , Patel Sheela T. , Leong Beatriz V. , Murga Allen G. , Teruya Theodore H. , Kiang Sharon C. , Abou-Zamzam Ahmed M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Major lower extremity amputation (LEA) results in significant morbidity and mortality. This study identifies factors contributing to adverse long-term outcomes after major LEA.

Study Design

Amputations in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) long-term follow-up database from 2012 to 2017 were included. Multivariable logistic regression determined which significant patient factors were associated with 1-year mortality, long-term functional status, and progression to higher level amputation within 1 year.

Results

3440 major LEAs were performed and a mortality rate of 19.9% was seen at 1 year. Logistic regression demonstrated that 1-year mortality was associated with post-op myocardial infarction (MI) (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, CI 1.02-2.97, P = .04), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR 1.9, confidence interval (CI) 1.56-2.38, P < .001), hypertension (HTN) (OR 1.31, CI 1.00-1.72, P = .05), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 1.36, CI 1.13-1.63, P < .001), and dependent functional status (OR 2.01, CI 1.67-2.41, P < .001). A decline in ambulatory status was associated with COPD (OR 1.36, CI 1.09-1.68, P = .006). Dependent functional status was protective against revision to higher level amputation (OR .18, CI .07-.45, P < .001).

Conclusion

In the VQI, 1-year mortality after major LEA is nearly 20% and associated with HTN, CHF, COPD, dependent functional status, and post-op MI. Decreased functional status at 1 year was associated with COPD, and progression to higher level amputation was less likely in patients with dependent functional status.
Association of Body Mass Index on Injuries and Outcomes After Ground-Level Falls
Authors: Owattanapanich Natthida , Schellenberg Morgan , Switzer Emily , Clark Damon H. , Matsushima Kazuhide , Inaba Kenji
Published: June 2021

Background

The impact of body mass index (BMI) on trauma severity after ground-level falls (GLF) is currently unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations between BMI, injuries, and outcomes after GLF.

Study Design

All patients ≥16 years of age injured by GLF were queried from the TQIP database (2013-2017). Exclusions were transfers, emergency department death, AIS 6 in any region, and missing data. Body mass index defined study groups: Underweight (BMI<18.5), Normal (BMI 18.5-24.9), Overweight (25.0-29.9), and Obese (≥30).

Results

After exclusions, 131 570 patients remained for analysis. Most patients had a normal BMI (n = 58 503, 44%). Median ISS was 9 [IQR 9-10] in all groups. The Obese group had significantly lower rates of fractures than the Normal group, particularly femur fractures (53% vs. 64%, P < .001), but required orthopedic surgical intervention more frequently (45% vs. 41%, P < .001). On multivariate analysis, being overweight was protective against mortality (OR .881, P = .005), while obesity was not associated with mortality (OR 1.012, P = .821).

Conclusion

Increasing BMI may be protective against both fracture risk and mortality after GLF. However, obese patients require operative fixation more frequently. Particularly as fracture diagnosis may be more challenging in the obese, special care should be taken during their tertiary surveys after GLF to ensure injuries are not missed.
The Utility of Extended Criteria Donor Livers in High Acuity Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Guorgui Jacob , Ito Takahiro , Younan Stephanie , Agopian Vatche G. , Dinorcia Joseph , Farmer Douglas G. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kaldas Fady M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Although the use of extended criteria donor (ECD) liver allografts has gained momentum as a potential method by which to expand the donor pool, their use largely remains relegated to low acuity liver transplant (LT) recipients. Thus, we sought to examine whether such grafts also have utility in high acuity (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease [MELD] ≥ 35) recipients.

Study Design

Extended criteria donors were defined as donor age > 60 years, hepatitis C virus positive donor, split livers, livers with cold ischemia time > 12 h, donor after cardiac death livers, or having macrosteatosis > 30%. Outcomes were compared between standard liver (SL) and ECD grafts in recipients with MELD ≥ 35.

Results

Of 225 patients, 46 (20.4%) received an ECD liver and 179 (79.6%) received a SL. Extended criteria donor graft recipients had significantly higher levels of post-LT maximal transaminases and rate of early allograft dysfunction. Nonetheless, high acuity ECD graft recipients had similar short- and long-term patient survival compared to SL recipients, with 1-,3-, and 5-year survivals of 86.9%, 82.3%, 79.3% and 86.9%, 80.5%, and 75.4%, respectively ( P = .674). There were also no significant differences in graft survival or rejection-free survival between the 2 groups.

Conclusion

The lack of inferior patient/graft survival among high acuity ECD graft recipients suggests that ECD livers present a viable method by which to expand the donor pool for this group of patients.
Factors Associated With Retained Foreign Bodies Following Major Operations
Authors: Verma Arjun , Tran Zachary , Hadaya Joseph , Williamson Catherine G. , Rahimtoola Rhea , Benharash Peyman
Published: June 2021

Background

Retained surgical foreign bodies (RFB) are associated with inferior clinical and financial outcomes. The present work examined a nationally representative sample of all major operations to identify factors associated with RFB.

Study Design

The 2005-2017 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify adults undergoing cardiac, neurosurgical, orthopedic, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, vascular, and thoracic operations. International Classifications of Diseases 9th-10th Revisions diagnosis codes were used to identify instances of RFB.

Results

Of an estimated 71,445,042 hospitalizations, .02% had a diagnosis of RFB, with decreasing incidence from .03 to .02% over the study period (NPtrend < .001). Relative to vascular operations, gastrointestinal (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.12), thoracic (AOR 1.80), and multi-cavity (AOR 2.17) were associated with greater odds of RFB. Laparoscopic approach (AOR .33) and trauma-associated admission (AOR .52, all P < .001) were associated with reduced odds of RFB. Despite similar mortality, RFB was associated with increased odds of pulmonary infection (AOR 1.62), sepsis (AOR 1.26), and wound infection (AOR 5.15), as well as a 2.3-day increment in length of stay and $7700 in hospitalization costs (all P < .001).

Conclusion

The development of novel mitigation strategies may reduce the incidence of RFB in high-risk populations, such as those undergoing gastrointestinal, thoracic, and multi-cavity operations.
Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio and Infarct-Related Artery Patency in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gayretli Yayla Kadriye , Yayla Cagri , Erdol Mehmet Akif , Karanfil Mustafa , Ertem Ahmet Goktug , Akcay Adnan Burak
Published: June 2021

The C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) is a predictive marker of systemic inflammatory state in atherosclerotic coronary disease when compared with the predictive value of these 2 markers separately. We investigated the relationship between CAR and infarct-related artery (IRA) patency in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The study population (n = 1047) was divided into 2 groups according to IRA patency which was assessed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade. Nonpatent flow was defined as TIMI grade 0 (no-reflow), 1, and 2 flows, and normal flow was defined as TIMI 3 flow. There was a significant positive correlation between CAR and SYNTAX score ( r = 0.312, P < .001) and a negative correlation between CAR and TIMI grade flow ( r = −0.210, P < .001). At a cutoff level of 0.693, the CAR predicted TIMI no-reflow with a sensitivity of 65.4% and a specificity of 65.5% (area under the curve: 0.670, 95% CI: 0.62-0.71, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that CAR was an independent predictor of IRA patency (0.003 [0.001-0.029]; P < .001). A higher CAR is a significant and independent predictor of IRA patency in patients with STEMI.
Methodological pathways to portray superdiversity: A few concluding thoughts
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez Pablo , López Peláez Antonio , Harris Victor W
Published: June 2021

Superdiversity as a term has captured the attention of many researchers since it was first coined in 2007. However, the very characteristics of the concept have made its methodological operationalization insufficiently clear, beyond being bridged by the great migratory movements of the 21st century. As a result, we find a considerable diversity of analytical approaches without being empirically clear what the dimensions and variables are that should accompany those related to migratory flows. In this epilogue, methodological implications are critically discussed, especially those related to social differentiation factors and a hierarchy of predefined variables. Also, future research implications are discussed.
Dante’s theology and contemporary thought: Recovering transcendence?
Authors: Franke William
Published: June 2021

This article outlines how Dante’s philosophy and theology turn on issues that are being debated in broader philosophical, theological, and theoretical milieus today. It emphasizes, in particular, how the new horizon opened by certain postmodern—and more specifically post-secular—turns in philosophy shifts the light falling on the interface between the concepts of transcendence and immanence. As a result, Dante’s attempt, in the twilight of the Middle Ages, to renegotiate the relations between the two shows up as acutely relevant and potentially groundbreaking for current philosophical and theological inquiry. The areas of inquiry traversed include realized eschatology as theorized by Agamben; Foucault’s archeological model of knowledge; Patristic and medieval hexameral exegesis; the tension between hermeneutics and deconstruction; political theology; the theological turn in phenomenology; secularism and humanities as crypto-theological forms of thought. All are examined as prefigured in embryo by Dante’s comprehensive, poetic approach to knowing.
Common mental disorders among women and its social correlates in an urban marginalized populace in South India
Authors: Nair Aiswarya R , Shivanna Yeshvanth Kumar Gubbi , Illimoottil Jesson Paulson , Rachana Arun , Mahasampath Gowri S , Abraham Sunil , Kurian Suja
Published: June 2021

Background:

Common mental disorders (CMD) cause a range of health, social and economic burden, and disorders like depression and anxiety are more prevalent among women. Prevalence and factors contributing to increased vulnerability for CMDs have regional variation. Identification of factors contributing to the vulnerability is essential to both psychiatric epidemiology and in addressing mental health challenges in the community.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study aimed at understanding the burden of CMD and its association with social determinants of mental health. Women hailing from urban slum attending the outpatient family care facility for their medical problems constituted the sample. Data was collected using a clinical research form with variables such as sociodemographic profile, health profile, and psychosocial profile. The questionnaire had specific questions on indicators of poverty, certain stressors, and support system. Presence of CMD was assessed using Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R), a standard tool for CMD research in primary care settings. A cut off score of 12 and above was considered for detecting CMD. Research ethical principles were adhered to and data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0.

Results:

Among 172 women, 77 (44.8%) were diagnosed to have CMDs. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between age, marital status, living arrangement, educational level, difficulty with buying food, presence of debt, chronic medical illness, husband’s alcohol use, marital satisfaction, experiencing abuse, family support, religious participation, and a diagnosis of CMD. Multivariate analysis showed high burden with nuclear family arrangement, difficulty to buy food, experiencing abuse and, low burden with higher educational level, family support, and religious participation.

Conclusion:

Considering the high prevalence and the treatment gap of CMDs in primary setting, family-physician should be sensitized for detection and management of CMDs. Social interventions targeting poverty, women’s education and empowerment, and support system are likely to decrease the burden of CMDs in this population.
Some Social Variables in Conceptual Style Preference
Authors: Roach D. A.
Published: June 2021

The effects of socio-economic status, fathers’ absence, family size, and birth order on the preference for conceptual style of Grade 6 elementary school children in Jamaica, West Indies, were examined. The 206 boys and 212 girls were from 5 urban schools. The Conceptual Style Test and a questiononaire were administered. Analytic conceptual style was significantly and positively correlated with socio-economic status for girls but not for boys. The relations between preference for conceptual style and the other variables were nonsignificant.
Effects of Lead Poisoning on Cognitive Test Performance
Authors: Krall Vita , Sachs Henrietta , Rayson Barbara , Lazar Billie , Growe Glenn , O'Connell Linda
Published: June 2021

47 lead-poisoned children, treated and without encephalopathy, are compared with sibling controls on perceptual-verbal pattern comparisons of subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children to determine whether there has been brain damage. Both groups of children do not differ significantly from each other on comparisons of these patterns, and they appear to be similar to each other in WISC functioning. The conclusion is that lead-poisoning, treated, and without encephalopathy, does not result in detectable brain damage by means of these pattern analyses.
Perceived Sex Differences in Inpatients’ Psychopathology: Some Preliminary Findings
Authors: Wahl Otto F. , Herzog Jeanne G.
Published: June 2021

21 staff members from an inpatient psychiatric hospital were interviewed about their perceptions of symptomatological differences between male and female inpatients. Analysis of the interview data indicated significant staff agreement on 4 of 9 rated contrast categories and trends toward significance in two others. Staff described females as greater management problems, showing more emotion, being more troublesome and uncooperative, having poorer contact with reality, and being less willing to participate in social interactions than their male counterparts. These consistently perceived differences, it is suggested, likely lead to different ward atmospheres and different staff expectations for male and female inpatients.
Discriminant Analysis of Personality and Body-Image Factors of Females Differing in Percent Body Fat
Authors: Young Michael , Reeve T. Gilmour
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine whether individuals with high percent body fat can be distinguished on the basis of personality and body-image from those possessing lower levels of body fat. 65 female college students were administered the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire and the Secord and Jourard Body-cathexis Scale. Measurements of height, weight, and skin folds at the triceps and illiac crest were also taken. On the basis of percent body fat two groups of 20 females each (high and low percent body fat) were identified. From discriminant analyses one personality factor and six body-image items were identified which distinguished between groups. Reclassification of the subjects, based upon derived discriminant functions, resulted in 60.0% of the subjects being correctly reclassified from personality data and 100% of the subjects correctly reclassified from body-image data. Body-image appears to be an important factor that can distinguish between individuals possessing high and low levels of body fat.
Characteristics of Extreme Ktsa Scorers
Authors: Rose Alice
Published: June 2021

In a cross-validational study of the Kahn Test of Symbol Arrangement (KTSA) 104 female and 65 male college students were given the KTSA individually and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Subjects scoring in the top 27 % of KTSA scoring categories were called the high scorers, and those scoring in the bottom 27%, low KTSA scorers. Their scores on the Edwards schedule were compared using Student's t tests. Among the findings were that people who give B responses on the KTSA may be very different from people who give C responses. An abnormally high number of C scores is associated with lower autonomy scores, the need for people (higher affiliation scores), and the need for orderliness (higher order scores) when compared to the group having a few C scores. An abnormally high number of B scores is associated with the denial of the need for people (higher autonomy scores) and the avoidance of order (lower order scores) when compared to subjects having few B scores. There is a flavor of defiance and rebelliousness in the high B scorer which is rejected by the high C scorer.
Toward the Development of a Rational Scale in the use of Human-Figure Drawings as a Kindergarten Screening Measure
Authors: Goldman Ruth K. , Velasco Manuel M.
Published: June 2021

The Draw-A-Person Test was individually administered to 120 kindergartners from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, ranging in age from 4 yr. and 10 mo. to 6 yr. and 4 mo. This study was conducted to validate and expand Goldman and Warren's earlier work (1976) on the development of a rational scale for use as a kindergarten screening measure. Correlational analyses corroborate the earlier findings that body-part omissions are the most predictive items of emotional high risk. Factor analyses of the current data also replicate earlier findings in which two underlying cohesive factors emerged. The first factor has high loadings on peripheral body-part omissions; the second factor has high loadings on central body-part omissions. The results suggest that an interchangeable number of body-part omissions together, rather than any one item, predict high emotional risk. Structural and content characteristics do not contribute significantly to the development of a kindergarten screening measure.
Releasers of Imprinting: Instinctive Preferences for Living Models and those with Painted Sign-Stimuli
Authors: Gray Philip H. , Yates Allen T. , Sallee Stella J. , Gray Iris M.
Published: June 2021

White Leghorn chicks hatched and raised in isolation were tested for their preference in situations where age-mates or silhouettes of age-mates were paired against hens, other adult animals, or silhouettes of hens with various sign-stimuli painted on. Silhouettes with painted sign-stimuli elicit quite different developmental patterns of preference, with the hens of the more complex silhouettes being prepotent. The hen silhouette models increase in prepotency when they are moving, with one exception. A Mallard drake emerged as a powerful releasing object, suggesting that its large, yellow beak may be a supernormal stimulus.
Mirror Peg-Turning Performance of Children
Authors: Sifft Josie M.
Published: June 2021

Performance differences for 120 elementary school children from three grade levels were identified using a novel motor skill. Females performed the tasks faster and with less variable error than males, and the older children performed better than the younger subjects. These results provide support for a developmental progression of motor skill, based upon maturation and environmental influence.
Physical Fitness and Embedded Figures Test Performance of Elementary School Children
Authors: Guyot Gary W. , Fairchild Louis , Hill Mary
Published: June 2021

The relationship between physical fitness and field independence was assessed by measuring embedded-figures test performance in the following four groups of children in Grades 4 through 6: (1) 93 boys high in physical fitness, (2) 92 girls high in physical fitness, (3) 67 boys low in physical fitness, and (4) 77 girls low in physical fitness. The group of girls low in physical fitness was significantly more field dependent than the other three groups. No significant differences were found among the other three groups. It appears that skill in physical activities may be related to the embedded-figures test performance of girls, but not boys. In fact, girls skilled in physical activities may be as field independent as boys.
A Low-Cost Simulator System for Vigilance Research
Authors: Barabasz Arreed F. , Patterson Howard
Published: June 2021

This paper describes a newly developed system for vigilance research. The system is designed to use readily available components and is highly cost effective for small scale research or teaching experiments. Results of a study of the system's utility are presented.
Enjoyment and Productivity as a Function of Classroom Seating Location
Authors: Millard Richard J. , Stimpson David V.
Published: June 2021

43 students in an introductory psychology class were periodically moved from one seating location to another in an attempt to discover the effects of location on classroom test performance and on four aspects of personal preference: enjoyment, motivation, feeling a part, and interest. The students spent the entire classroom time between successive tests seated in one of three “zones” located at various distances from the front of the classroom. Immediately prior to each test the students responded to a personal experience questionnaire and then took the exam, after which they were assigned to a new location. Analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in test performance as a function of seating location. There were, however, significant differences on all four aspects of personal preference as a function of seating location in both free and assigned seating. These results are consistent with other research which indicates no effect on performance attributable to location. They also make it clear that students’ satisfaction with a classroom experience is closely related to proximity of student and teacher.
An Historical Psychological Framework Appropriate for a Contemporary Model of Labor-Management Relations
Authors: Karons Marvin , Hargis Edyth
Published: June 2021

In the 1950s social psychologist Muzafer Sherif presented his landmark studies on groups in harmony and tension. What he discovered about the induction and resolution of intergroup hostility has direct bearing on the conduct of contemporary labor-management relations. His findings are presented as a reminder to those who would attempt to understand and shape employee-employer interactions in the workplace.
An Analysis of Affect and Expectancy Evaluations in Causal Attributions
Authors: Yamauchi Hirotsugu
Published: June 2021

Two relationships were examined, the relationship between the achievement-related affect and causal attributions for success or failure and the relationship between the expectancy shift and causal ascriptions for success or failure. Subjects were 417 elementary school children, 459 junior high school students, and 175 college students. Two hypothetical boys or girls who received similar marks on an examination but who attributed the results to different causes (ability, effort or luck) were described in a booklet. Subjects were asked to judge which person feels more pleasant (or unpleasant) and which person should expect the same outcome on further similar exams. The method of dual scaling was applied to the paired-comparison data for each sample. Two-dimensional solutions were extracted in the positive affect with success, the expectancy of success after success and the expectancy of failure after failure. Whereas a unidimensional solution was extracted in the negative affect with failure. Developmental shifts were found for successful outcome.
Educators’ Attributions for Students’ Grades
Authors: Tollefson Nona , Rodriquez Roberto , Franz Carlene
Published: June 2021

Teachers and students assuming the role of teachers ( N = 375) rated the importance of effort, ability, tasks difficulty, and teachers’ attitudes in explaining grades earned by high- and low-achieving students with high, moderate, and low levels of motivation. Attributions about ability distinguished protocols of highly motivated students from those of students with moderate and low motivation. Attributions about task difficulty distinguished protocols of highly motivated, low-achieving students from protocols of low-achieving students with lower motivation. The disadvantage of attributing achievement to stable factors is discussed.
Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depression among Children
Authors: Battle James
Published: June 2021

62 boys and girls enrolled in Grades 4 through 9 participated in the study. The correlations were significant and ranged from .44 to –- .83 between scores on all facets of a modified version of Beck's Depression Inventory and the Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory for Children, Form A.
Effect of Content on Feedback in Processing Discourse
Authors: Langer Philip , Keenan Verne , Culler Janice
Published: June 2021

This study dealt with feedback and processing discourse. The task was to reconstruct with or without the aid of feedback one of two 26-sentence scrambled passages. The passages were designated as semantic in content and episodic, based on a significant historical event. The independent variables were content (semantic-episodic) and assistance (feedback-no feedback). The dependent variables were recall, recognition, and concordance ( tau) of the reconstructed sentence order with the original and gist. Analysis showed (1) recall and recognition scores were higher for the semantic passage, (2) feedback-assisted recognition but not recall, (3) tau (concordance) was higher for the semantic passage and the feedback condition, and (4) there were no differences for gist. The results were generally in the predicted direction, and the implications for instruction are discussed.
A Primary-Secondary Task Paradigm for Estimating Processing Capacity during Speech Production: Some Preliminary Data1
Authors: Campbell Thomas F. , Keegan John F.
Published: June 2021

In the present paper, a primary-secondary task paradigm is presented for estimating the amount of processing capacity required for correct production of stimulus words that differ in linguistic complexity. The procedure requires subjects to produce the desired target word (primary task) while performing a manual reaction time task (secondary task). The secondary task consists of pressing a hand switch in response to an auditory tone that occurs at the start of the target-word production. The amount of processing capacity needed for correct production is estimated by the reaction time to the tone. Preliminary data are presented and methodological issues and questions for research are discussed.
Early Recollections of Criminal Justice Majors and Nonmajors
Authors: Coram Gregory J. , Shields Deanna J.
Published: June 2021

To assess whether use of early recollections could be valuable as a tool for the selection of criminal justice interest areas the early recollections of 40 criminal justice majors and noncriminal justice majors were compared. The Manaster-Perryman scoring manual, covering 37 variables in 7 categories, was employed. Total scores on each variable were treated by chi-squared to identify differences. Analysis indicated that criminal justice majors have particular feelings regarding mother, concern for detail, illness and injury themes, new situation themes, work outdoors, travel, and homes of nonfamily members settings. These significant differences may suggest personality variables associated with interest in the criminal justice system. With additional research an instrument may be developed for selection of criminal justice personnel.
Classroom teaching or academic publishing? An investigation of Philippine doctoral academics’ beliefs
Authors: Ulla Mark B , Tarrayo Veronico N
Published: June 2021

Classroom teaching, academic publishing, and community service may be considered the primary responsibilities among academics in higher education institutions (HEIs). While there have been a number of studies that explored the teaching–research nexus in different contexts, little is known about the perceived roles of HEI academics with regard to teaching and research. This article explores Philippine HEI doctoral academics’ (academics with doctoral degrees) views of their roles in teaching and research. Data were obtained from interviews with 53 doctoral academics who had 11–25 years of teaching experience. Findings revealed that doctoral academics viewed themselves as classroom teachers, which undermined the teaching–research nexus due to their inadequate training and exposure to research and publication when they were pursuing their doctoral degrees. This article argues that academic orientation plays a key role toward academics’ perceptions of teaching and research in HEIs. Such findings suggest the need to revisit both national and institutional policies on teaching and research pedagogy among Philippine HEIs.
Acoustic characterization of silica nanoparticle-impregnated Kevlar fabric
Authors: Akinmolayan Oluwafemi P , Manimala James M
Published: June 2021

Silica nanoparticle-impregnated Kevlar (SNK) fabric has better specific ballistic performance in comparison to its neat counterparts. For multifunctional structural applications using lightweight composites, combining this improved ballistic functionality with an acoustic functionality is desirable. In this study, acoustic characterization of neat and SNK samples is conducted using the normal-incidence impedance tube method. Both the absorption coefficient and transmission loss (TL) are measured in the 60–6000 Hz frequency range. The influence of parameters such as number of layers of neat or treated fabric, percentage by weight of nanoparticle addition, spacing between fabric layers, and residual porosity is examined. It is found that while absorption decreases with an increase in nanoparticle addition for frequencies above about 2500 Hz, increasing the number of layers shifts peak absorption to lower frequencies. By introducing an air-gap behind the fabric layer, dominant low-frequency (1000–3000 Hz) absorption peaks are obtained that correlate well with natural modes of mass-equivalent thin plates. Examining the influence of residual porosity by laminating the SNK samples reveals that it contributes to about 30–50% of the total absorption. Above about 1500 Hz, 3–5 dB of TL increase is obtained for SNK samples vis-à-vis the neat samples. TL is found to increase beyond that of the neat sample above a threshold frequency when an air-gap is introduced between two SNK layers. With an increase in the weight of nanoparticle addition, measured TL tends to be closer to mass law predictions. This study demonstrates that SNK fabric could provide improved acoustic performance in addition to its ballistic capabilities, making it suitable for multifunctional applications and could form the basis for the development of simplified models to predict the structural acoustic response of such nanoparticle–fabric composites.
Health Related Quality of Life among Blood Cancer Patients in Pakistan: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Rizwan Ifrah , Hussain Azhar
Published: June 2021

The importance of health-related quality of life and its determinants including physical, emotional, and functional domains has long been recognized among blood cancer patients in the developed world but this concept is still in infancy in developing countries, including Pakistan. The objective of the study was to assess health related quality of life among blood cancer patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A pre-validated questionnaire that is EORTC-QLQ-C30 was self-administered to a sample of 400 blood cancer patients selected using convenience sampling technique. After data collection, data was cleaned, coded, and entered in SPSS. Descriptive statistics comprising of frequency and percentages were calculated. Non-parametric tests Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests ( P ≤ .05) were performed to find out the differences among different variables. The results highlighted that lowest scores for EORTC-QLQ-C30 were observed in the domain of emotional functioning (3.38, ±35.790), followed by cognitive function (4.56, ±30.368) whereas highest scores were observed in the domain of physical functioning (40.92, ±35.484). Significant difference ( P ≤ .05) was observed among different domains of health-related quality of life of blood cancer patients treated in different sectors, provinces, setting, gender, and with different comorbidities. The present study concluded that blood cancer patients had poor health related quality of life in Pakistan. Emotional functioning and cognitive function were the most compromised health related quality of life domains among blood cancer patients. Females having blood cancer, those patients treated in private sector healthcare facilities, patients residing in tribal and rural setting had relatively better health related quality of life. No appropriate psychosocial care program for the blood cancer patients are available in Pakistan.
“The Light at the End of the Tunnel Has Been Permanently Shut Off”: Work-Role Overload Among U.S. Police
Authors: Hofer Meret S.
Published: June 2021

The functional breadth of the police role is a primary issue facing law enforcement. However, few empirical data examine how officers are experiencing an occupational environment characterized by an increasingly wider range of new (but routine) duties. I take a qualitative approach to explore experiences of work-role overload via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a sample of U.S. police officers ( N = 48). By applying the framework for thematic analysis, I find that work-role overload is a robust feature of police officers’ occupational experiences and presents in two ways: (a) through quantitative overload related to the excessive volume of work demands and (b) qualitative overload related to strained or diminished psychological resources. The findings provide valuable insights for improving the theoretical understanding of work-role overload among police in light of international trends toward broadening law enforcement’s social functions and add to contemporary discussions to “defund the police.”
How Empty Was the Tomb?
Authors: Goodacre Mark
Published: June 2021

Although the term ‘empty tomb’ is endemic in contemporary literature, it is never used in the earliest Christian materials. The term makes little sense in the light of first-century Jerusalem tombs, which always housed multiple people. One absent body would not leave the tomb empty. The gospel narratives presuppose a large, elite tomb, with multiple loculi, and a heavy rolling stone to allow repeated access for multiple burials. The gospels therefore give precise directions about where Jesus’ body lay in this large tomb. Apologetic anxiety leads to the characterization of the tomb as ‘new’ (Matthew and John), ‘in which no one had been laid’ (Luke and John), but it is possible that the appearance of Mark’s young man ‘on the right’ is significant. The anachronistic question ‘Was the tomb empty?’ should be replaced by the accurate question, ‘How empty was the tomb?’
Resection of Huge Nasal Septal Chondroma Via Endoscopic Septoplasty Approach Through Modified Killian Incision
Authors: Kwak Hyun-Ho , Park Ji-Hwan , Kim Sung-Dong , Cho Kyu-Sup
Published: June 2021

Chondromas are benign cartilaginous tumors that frequently occur in the long bones, pelvis, sternum, ribs, and scapula. They seldom develop in the head and neck region, and there have been rare reports of them arising in the nasal septum. Although the mainstay of management is surgery, surgical treatment strategies vary depending on the size, location, and extent of the disease. Herein, we describe a case of huge chondroma originated from the anterior nasal septum, which was completely removed by endoscopic septoplasty approach thorough modified Killian incision.
The role of experts in the development of recovery handbooks: UK and European experience
Authors: Nisbet A.F.
Published: June 2021

The importance of involving experts in the development of strategies for managing areas contaminated as a result of a nuclear accident is now well recognised. Following the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the initial focus, quite understandably, was on the technical aspects of reducing doses to the affected population. Subsequently, work carried out in the UK and elsewhere in Europe looked at the broader impacts of protective actions on agriculture, the environment, and society. From 1997, a group of experts from academia, government, and non-government organisations met regularly in the UK to debate these issues. One of the outputs included the first version of the UK Recovery Handbook for Radiation Incidents in 2005. Based on the success of the UK group, a European network of experts was established, leading to the development of European handbooks in 2009. The UK handbooks are living documents that are updated regularly with substantive input from experts.
Objectively-assessed physical activity and self-reported activity pacing in adults with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study
Authors: Abonie Ulric S , Saxton John , Baker Katherine , Hettinga Florentina J
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To examine the association between self-reported activity pacing (a strategy to manage fatigue symptoms) and objectively-measured physical activity behaviours in adults with multiple sclerosis.

Design:

Single cross-sectional study

Setting:

Multiple sclerosis rehabilitation centre in Colchester, United Kingdom.

Subjects:

Twenty-one adults (59 ± 9 years) with multiple sclerosis.

Main measures:

Physical activity behaviours (activity level: activity counts per minute; activity variability: highest activity counts per minute each day divided by activity counts per minute on that day) were measured with accelerometers. Self-reported activity pacing (Activity Pacing and Risk of Overactivity Questionnaire), fatigue severity (Fatigue Severity Scale) and health-related quality of life (RAND-12-Item Short-Form Health Survey) were measured. Scatter plots were used to explore associations between measures.

Results:

Activity level was 258 ± 133 counts per minutes, activity variability was 4 ± 1, self-reported activity pacing was 3 ± 1, fatigue severity was 5 ± 2 and health-related quality of life was 43 ± 8. Increased self-reported activity pacing was associated with lower activity levels and less variability in daily activities.

Conclusion:

This investigation suggests that people with multiple sclerosis who have low physical activity levels could be inappropriately using activity pacing as a reactionary response to their multiple sclerosis symptoms.
INHBA promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells through the upregulation of VCAN
Authors: Guo Jia , Liu Yuan
Published: June 2021

Objective

Colon cancer has high morbidity and mortality rates, and proliferation, invasion and migration play an important role in colon cancer progression. Here, the effects of inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) on cell proliferation, invasion and migration were investigated.

Methods

The UALCAN database was used to assess INHBA expression in colon cancer tissues and predict the survival of patients with high and low INHBA expression. The relevant proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell transfection was performed to overexpress or inhibit INHBA and versican (VCAN). The high correlation between INHBA and VCAN found through LinkedOmics and StarBase databases was verified by immunoprecipitation assays. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess migration and invasion.

Results

INHBA expression was upregulated in colon cancer tissues and cells. INHBA inhibition impaired the proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. In addition, we confirmed the correlation between INHBA and VCAN in colon cancer cells. Finally, we found that INHBA interference inhibited the aggressive behavior of colon cancer cells by downregulating VCAN.

Conclusion

INHBA promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells through the upregulation of VCAN.
Decision-Making and Multisensory Combination Under Time Stress
Authors: Sun Yile , Sekuler Robert
Published: June 2021

Using a video game platform, we examined how vision-based decision making was affected by a concurrent, potentially conflicting auditory stimulus. Electroencephalographic responses showed that by 150 milliseconds of stimulus onset, the brain had detected the conflict between visual and auditory stimuli. Systematically reducing the intertrial interval (ITI), which subjects described as stressful, undermined decision making. Subjects’ arterial pulse variance decreased along with ITI, signaling increased parasympathetic influence on the heart. When successive trials required a shift in processing mode, short ITIs significantly boosted one trial’s influence on the next, suggesting that stress reduces cognitive flexibility. Finally, our study demonstrates the heart’s and the brain’s important influence on decision making.
The socio-spatial politics of royalties and their distribution: A case study of the Surat Basin, Queensland
Authors: Argent Neil , Markey Sean , Halseth Greg , Ryser Laura , Haslam-McKenzie Fiona
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the socio-spatial and ethical politics of redistribution, specifically the allocation of natural resources rents from political and economic cores to the economic and geographical peripheries whence the resource originated. Based on a case study of the coal seam gas sector in Queensland's Surat Basin, this paper focuses on the operation of the Queensland State Government's regional development fund for mining and energy extraction-affected regions. Employing an environmental justice framework, we critically explore the operation of these funds in ostensibly helping constituent communities in becoming resilient to the worst effects of the ‘staples trap’. Drawing on secondary demographic and housing data for the region, as well as primary information collected from key respondents from mid-2018 to early 2019, we show that funds were distributed across all of the local government areas, and allocated to projects and places primarily on a perceived economic needs basis. However, concerns were raised with the probity of the funds’ administration. In terms of recognition justice, the participation of smaller and more remote towns and local Indigenous communities was hampered by their structural marginalisation. Procedurally, the funds were criticised for the lack of local consultation taken in the development and approval of projects. While spatially concentrated expenditure may be the most cost-effective use of public monies, we argue that grant application processes should be open, transparent and inclusive, and the outcomes cognisant of the developmental needs of smaller communities, together with the need to foster regional solidarity and coherence.