bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran moral disengagement terhadap perilaku sexting pada remaja yang dimoderasi oleh jenis kelamin
Authors: Mulyani Indah , Cahyanti Indah , Thamrin Winny Puspasari
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh moral disengagement terhadap sexting dengan jenis kelamin sebagai variabel kontrol. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 223 remaja yang seluruhnya merupakan mahasiswa. Teknik analisis utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah anacova dengan melibatkan variabel jenis kelamin sebagai kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa moral disengagement dan jenis kelamin memiliki pengaruh terhadap perilaku sexting pada remaja. Artinya, perbedaan jenis kelamin mempengaruhi pula kesempatan yang berbeda untuk terlibat dalam perilaku sexting meskipun keduanya sama-sama memiliki kelonggaran kognitif dalam berperilaku yang bertentangan dengan norma. Hasil penelitian secara lebih lanjut menjelaskan bahwa moral disengagement pada partisipan laki-laki berperan lebih besar dalam membentuk perilaku individu dalam mengirimkan dan menerima pesan berisi konten seksual dibandingkan perempuan. Selain itu, secara keseluruhan, moral disengagement yang tinggi berdampak lebih besar pada perilaku partisipan dalam mengirimkan pesan berkonten seksual dibandingkan sebagai penerima.
Kata kunci: sexting, moral disengagement, jenis kelamin
Sikap terhadap status lajang sebagai prediktor ketakutan hidup melajang pada mahasiswa dan peran moderasi usia, jenis kelamin dan status pacaran
Authors: Soemowidagdo Ratih Kurniasari Leman , Harahap Farida
Published: August 2024

Being single hood has become a choice for young people now. Not a few young people have a positive attitude towards singlehood l and extend their singlehood. Being singlehood occurs because it is involuntary or is an voluntary. However, living permanently singlehood is still considered negative because it is less in harmony with developmental tasks and traditional societal norms. Do people who agree toward singlehood mean they are not afraid of being singlehood? The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between attitudes towards singlehood and fear of being singlehood among college students by controlling the variables of gender, age and romantic relationship status. This research uses a quantitative approach, namely correlational research using control variables. The subjects in this research were 401 college students aged 18-25 years. The online sampling method is to use a covenience sampling. Data were analyzed using partial correlation from Jamovi. Research findings show that there is a significant negative relationship between attitudes toward singlehood and fear of being singlehood in college students (r=-0.289, p<…..) by controlling of gender, age and romantic relationship status. This means that students who agree toward singlehood will be correlated with reduced fear of being singlhoode. These results also show that the fear of being singlehood among college students who are having romantic relationship is smaller than that of students who are not romantic relationship. Gender and age do not influence attitudes towards singlehood and fear of being singlehood.
Korban kekerasan dalam pacaran yang sulit meninggalkan hubungannya
Authors: Ifthiharfi Ratu , Rizkyanti Charyna Ayu , Akhyar Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Dating violence (KDP) is one of the most prevalent cases in Indonesia. Most victims of the cases choose to stay in the relationship and forgive their partners. This study aims to investigate whether emotional regulation strategies mediate the role of romantic attachment components on affective and cognitive empathy toward victims of dating violence. Participants in the study were victims of dating violence aged 18-29 years (N= 367) who live in Java Island. Research samples were collected using volunteer techniques (opt-in) panels where participants agreed to be involved through an invitation on a website page without being formally recruited. This study employs The Basic Empathy Scale to measure the dimensions of empathy, the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory to measure the type of romantic attachment components, and finally Emotion Regulation Questionnaire to measure the type of emotional regulation strategies. By model 4 of Hayes's analyses, the results showed that the reappraisal strategies type mediated the role of avoidance attachment toward empathy, both affective and cognitive. As practical implications, counselors are expected to establish secure attachments, particularly with their clients who experience dating violence in order to stabilize cognitive and affective empathy so they are able to live free of violent relationships.
Migrating birds optimization-based feature selection for text classification
Authors: Kaya Cem , Kilimci Zeynep Hilal , Uysal Mitat , Kaya Murat
Published: August 2024

Text classification tasks, particularly those involving a large number of features, pose significant challenges in effective feature selection. This research introduces a novel methodology, MBO-NB, which integrates Migrating Birds Optimization (MBO) approach with naïve Bayes as an internal classifier to address these challenges. The motivation behind this study stems from the recognized limitations of existing techniques in efficiently handling extensive feature sets. Traditional approaches often fail to adequately streamline the feature selection process, resulting in suboptimal classification accuracy and increased computational overhead. In response to this need, our primary objective is to propose a scalable and effective solution that enhances both computational efficiency and classification accuracy in text classification systems. To achieve this objective, we preprocess raw data using the Information Gain algorithm, strategically reducing the feature count from an average of 62,221 to 2,089. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate the superior effectiveness of MBO-NB in feature reduction compared to other existing techniques, resulting in significantly improved classification accuracy. Furthermore, the successful integration of naïve Bayes within MBO offers a comprehensive and well-rounded solution to the feature selection problem. In individual comparisons with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), MBO-NB consistently outperforms by an average of 6.9% across four setups. This research provides valuable insights into enhancing feature selection methods, thereby contributing to the advancement of text classification techniques. By offering a scalable and effective solution, MBO-NB addresses the pressing need for improved feature selection methods in text classification, thereby facilitating the development of more robust and efficient classification systems.
Avaliação econômico-financeira da implementação de energia solar na sede da Natura: viabilidade e impactos sustentáveis
Authors: Arigony Ana Luiza , Belizário Ana Paula , Khaled Nisrin Naiel Dib , Rabenschilag Denis Rasquin , Ávila Lucas Veiga
Published: August 2024

Este artigo, apresenta uma avaliação econômico-financeira da instalação de painéis solares na sede da empresa Natura, localizada em Cajamar, São Paulo. A empresa brasileira, reconhecida por seu compromisso com a sustentabilidade, busca constantemente inovar em suas práticas ambientais. Para essa análise, o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL), a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR), o Valor Anual Uniforme Equivalente (VAUE) e o Custo Anual Uniforme Equivalente (CUAE) foram métodos determinísticos utilizados para fazer previsões de investimento. Os resultados dos cálculos, portanto, indicam que o projeto é viável do ponto de vista econômico, uma vez que apresenta um VPL positivo (R$ 889.848,01), uma TIR de 21%, um VAUE de R$ 98.032,84, e um CUAE de -R$ 78.134,46. Estes resultados, além de evidenciarem os ganhos financeiros, também refletem os benefícios relacionados ao meio ambiente, especialmente na redução das emissões de CO2. De qualquer forma, a implementação do projeto alinha-se diretamente aos objetivos estratégicos da Natura, ajudando a reduzir custos operacionais e, assim, solidificar ainda mais suas práticas de sustentabilidade.
Correlation between Abdominal Girth and Skin to Epidural Space Distance of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Agarwal Nikitha , Kar Prachi , Pathy Archana , Reddy Dudala Sai apoorva
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The Skin-to-Epidural Space Distance (SESD) is likely to be different at two different parts of the spine in the same individual and also in the same part of the spine in two different individuals. The knowledge of the expected depth of the epidural space can be very useful in placing the epidural needle appropriately and avoiding unwanted dural puncture. Although many studies have been conducted to study the relation of lumbar SESD with various physical and anthropometric parameters, the literature on thoracic SESD is scant. Aim: To determine the correlation between SESD and Abdominal Girth (AG) in the mid-thoracic, lower thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spine in adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: After obtaining Ethics Committee clearance (EC/NIMS/2671/2020, 51st ESGS No: 1082/2020), this prospective observational study was carried out at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India, from October 2021 to February 2022. The study recruited 202 patients, and data from 194 patients was analysed. During the preoperative visit, all physical parameters, including AG, were noted. Using an 18G Tuohy needle, the epidural space was identified, and SESD was measured. Its correlation with AG, age, height, weight, and body mass index was studied. The data was analysed using the Statistical Pacakge for Social Sciences Software (SPSS) (2011, IBM, Armonk, NY, United States of America) version 20.0. Results: The mean SESD was 4.7±1.09 cm in the mid-thoracic region, 4.71±0.98 cm in the lower thoracic region, and 4.8±0.82 cm in the lumbar region. The correlation coefficient of SESD with AG was 0.42, 0.44, and 0.78 in the mid-thoracic, lower thoracic, and lumbar regions, respectively, and the significance level was <0.001 in all three regions. Body weight had a good correlation (r-values of 0.56, 0.66, 0.53 in mid-thoracic, lower thoracic, and lumbar areas, respectively, and p-value of <0.001 in all three anatomical regions of the spine) with SESD. All other physical parameters were correlated weakly with SESD. Conclusion: AG has a strong correlation with SESD in the lumbar area but a moderate correlation in the thoracic spine. SESD in the lumbar, mid, and lower thoracic regions have a good correlation with weight.
2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Saag Kenneth G. , Bridges S. Louis , Akl Elie A. , Bannuru Raveendhara R. , Sullivan Matthew C. , Vaysbrot Elizaveta , McNaughton Christine , Osani Mikala , Shmerling Robert H. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Furst Daniel E. , Parks Deborah , Kavanaugh Arthur , O'Dell James , King Charles , Leong Amye , Matteson Eric L. , Schousboe John T. , Drevlow Barbara , Ginsberg Seth , Grober James , St.Clair E. William , Tindall Elizabeth , Miller Amy S. , McAlindon Timothy
Published: November 2015

Objective

To develop a new evidence‐based, pharmacologic treatment guideline for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We conducted systematic reviews to synthesize the evidence for the benefits and harms of various treatment options. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the quality of evidence. We employed a group consensus process to grade the strength of recommendations (either strong or conditional). A strong recommendation indicates that clinicians are certain that the benefits of an intervention far outweigh the harms (or vice versa). A conditional recommendation denotes uncertainty over the balance of benefits and harms and/or more significant variability in patient values and preferences.

Results

The guideline covers the use of traditional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents, tofacitinib, and glucocorticoids in early (<6 months) and established (≥6 months) RA. In addition, it provides recommendations on using a treat‐to‐target approach, tapering and discontinuing medications, and the use of biologic agents and DMARDs in patients with hepatitis, congestive heart failure, malignancy, and serious infections. The guideline addresses the use of vaccines in patients starting/receiving DMARDs or biologic agents, screening for tuberculosis in patients starting/receiving biologic agents or tofacitinib, and laboratory monitoring for traditional DMARDs. The guideline includes 74 recommendations: 23% are strong and 77% are conditional.

Conclusion

This RA guideline should serve as a tool for clinicians and patients (our two target audiences) for pharmacologic treatment decisions in commonly encountered clinical situations. These recommendations are not prescriptive, and the treatment decisions should be made by physicians and patients through a shared decision‐making process taking into account patients’ values, preferences, and comorbidities. These recommendations should not be used to limit or deny access to therapies.
High‐Permittivity Composites Thin Films for High‐Energy Storage Capacitor Application Using the Nonvacuum Method
Authors: Wu Chia‐Ching , Yang Cheng‐Fu
Published: November 2015

To investigate a new embedded capacitor material with high capacitance value, the high dielectric constant (Ba0.8Sr0.2)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 ceramic was ground into nanoscale powder (nano‐BSTZ, the average particle size was approximately 73 nm). Different nano‐BSTZ contents were mixed with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to form the PVDF/nano‐BSTZ composites. The PVDF/nano‐BSTZ composite films were formed by using the nonvacuum screen printing method on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, and their thickness was approximately 2 μm. As the nano‐BSTZ content increased from 10 to 50 wt%, the specific capacitance of the PVDF/nano‐BSTZ composite films really increased. Three different mixing rules were used to predict the effective dielectric constants of the PVDF/nano‐BSTZ composite films, and the Bruggeman's effective medium approximation and the Lichtenecker logarithmic mixing rules fitted the measured results. For the printed PVDF/nano‐BSTZ composite films, the dielectric constants also decreased with increasing measured frequency and the loss tangents were all less than 5%.
Enhancing Cycle Stability of Lithium Iron Phosphate in Aqueous Electrolytes by Increasing Electrolyte Molarity
Authors: Gordon Daniel , Wu Michelle Yu , Ramanujapuram Anirudh , Benson James , Lee Jung Tae , Magasinski Alexandre , Nitta Naoki , Huang Cindy , Yushin Gleb
Published: November 2015

Aqueous lithium ion batteries (ALIBs) exhibit great potential to reduce the cost and improve the safety of rechargeable energy storage technologies. Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes have become a material of choice for many conventional, high power LIBs. However, experimental studies on LFP in aqueous lithium (Li) ion electrolytes are limited. Here, results of systematic studies are shown where it is demonstrated that the Li salt concentration of the aqueous electrolyte can significantly improve discharge capacity retention while minimally impacting rate capability, for electrodes made with a typical commercial sub‐micron sized LFP powder. Based on the postmortem analysis and the results of electrochemical characterization it is proposed that undesirable side reactions of aqueous electrolytes with LFP induce electrochemical separation of individual particles within the electrode, leading to the observed capacity fading. Increasing the salt concentration in aqueous solutions effectively reduces the concentration of water molecules in the electrolyte, which are mostly responsible for these undesirable side reactions. Similar trends observed with other cathode materials suggest that the use of concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions offers an effective route to improve stability of aqueous Li ion batteries.
A recurrent germline mutation in the PIGA gene causes Simpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome type 2
Authors: Fauth Christine , Steindl Katharina , Toutain Annick , Farrell Sandra , Witsch‐Baumgartner Martina , Karall Daniela , Joset Pascal , Böhm Sebastian , Baumer Alessandra , Maier Oliver , Zschocke Johannes , Weksberg Rosanna , Marshall Christian R. , Rauch Anita
Published: November 2015

Hypomorphic germline mutations in the PIGA (phosphatidylinositol glycan class A) gene recently were recognized as the cause of a clinically heterogeneous spectrum of X‐linked disorders including (i) early onset epileptic encephalopathy with severe muscular hypotonia, dysmorphism, multiple congenital anomalies, and early death (“MCAHS2”), (ii) neurodegenerative encephalopathy with systemic iron overload (ferro‐cerebro‐cutaneous syndrome, “FCCS”), and (iii) intellectual disability and seizures without dysmorphism. Previous studies showed that the recurrent PIGA germline mutation c.1234C>T (p.Arg412*) leads to a clinical phenotype at the most severe end of the spectrum associated with early infantile lethality. We identified three additional individuals from two unrelated families with the same PIGA mutation. Major clinical findings include early onset intractable epileptic encephalopathy with a burst‐suppression pattern on EEG, generalized muscular hypotonia, structural brain abnormalities, macrocephaly and increased birth weight, joint contractures, coarse facial features, widely spaced eyes, a short nose with anteverted nares, gingival overgrowth, a wide mouth, short limbs with short distal phalanges, and a small penis. Based on the phenotypic overlap with Simpson‐Golabi‐Behmel syndrome type 2 (SGBS2), we hypothesized that both disorders might have the same underlying cause. We were able to confirm the same c.1234C>T (p.Arg412*) mutation in the DNA sample from an affected fetus of the original family affected with SGBS2. We conclude that the recurrent PIGA germline mutation c.1234C>T leads to a recognizable clinical phenotype with a poor prognosis and is the cause of SGBS2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolated bilateral transverse agenesis of the distal segments of the lower limbs at the level of the knee joint in a human fetus
Authors: Christiaens Antoine B. , Deprez Pierre M. L. , Amyere Mustapha , Mendola Antonella , Bernard Pierre , Gillerot Yves , Clapuyt Philippe , Godfraind Catherine , Lengelé Benoît G. , Vikkula Miikka , Nyssen‐Behets Catherine
Published: November 2015

Congenital limb anomalies occur in Europe with a prevalence of 3.81/1,000 births and can have a major impact on patients and their families. The present study concerned a female fetus aborted at 23 weeks of gestation because she was affected by non‐syndromic bilateral absence of the zeugopod (leg) and autopod (foot). Autopsy of the aborted fetus, X‐ray imaging, MRI, and histochemical analysis showed that the distal extremity of both femurs was continued by a cartilage‐like mass, without joint cavitation. Karyotype was normal. Moreover, no damaging variant was detected by exome sequencing. The limb characteristics of the fetus, which to our knowledge have not yet been reported in humans, suggest a developmental arrest similar to anomalies described in chicks following surgical experiments on the apical ectodermal ridge of the lower limbs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistical mechanics of holonomic systems as a Brownian motion on smooth manifolds
Authors: Manca Fabio , Déjardin Pierre‐Michel , Giordano Stefano
Published: November 2015

The statistical mechanics of arbitrary holonomic scleronomous systems subjected to arbitrary external forces is described by specializing the Lagrange and Hamilton equations of motion to those of the Brownian motion on a manifold. In this context, the Klein‐Kramers and Smoluchowski equations are derived in covariant form, and it is demonstrated that these equations have equilibrium solutions corresponding to the Gibbs distribution, in agreement with standard thermodynamics. At last, the Langevin dynamics corresponding to the Smoluchowski limit is found to exactly correspond to the Brownian motion on a smooth manifold. These results find significant applications in the study of several statistical properties of constrained molecular assemblies (e.g. polymers) of interest in chemistry, physics and biology.
A 2D Polychloride Network Held Together by Halogen–Halogen Interactions
Authors: Brückner Robin , Haller Heike , Steinhauer Simon , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian
Published: November 2015

In a eutectic mixture of two ionic liquids, we have synthesized and crystallized the new polychloride compound [Et4N]2[(Cl3)2⋅Cl2] that exhibits a periodic 2D polychloride network acting as an anionic layer. Based on its low melting point and vapor pressure, this compound can be described as a room‐temperature ionic liquid. The compound was fully characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. The characterization was complemented by solid‐state quantum‐chemical calculations confirming the results of the experimental work.
Nanostructured Ni2P as a Robust Catalyst for the Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia–Borane
Authors: Peng Cheng‐Yun , Kang Lei , Cao Shuang , Chen Yong , Lin Zhe‐Shuai , Fu Wen‐Fu
Published: November 2015

Ammonia–borane (AB) is a promising chemical hydrogen‐storage material. However, the development of real‐time, efficient, controllable, and safe methods for hydrogen release under mild conditions is a challenge in the large‐scale use of hydrogen as a long‐term solution for future energy security. A new class of low‐cost catalytic system is presented that uses nanostructured Ni2P as catalyst, which exhibits excellent catalytic activity and high sustainability toward hydrolysis of ammonia–borane with the initial turnover frequency of 40.4 mol(H2) mol(Ni2P)−1 min−1 under air atmosphere and at ambient temperature. This value is higher than those reported for noble‐metal‐free catalysts, and the obtained Arrhenius activation energy (Ea=44.6 kJ mol−1) for the hydrolysis reaction is comparable to Ru‐based bimetallic catalysts. A clearly mechanistic analysis of the hydrolytic reaction of AB based on experimental results and a density functional theory calculation is presented.
Cyclization of Pyrene Oligomers: Cyclohexa‐1,3‐pyrenylene
Authors: Lorbach Dominik , Keerthi Ashok , Figueira‐Duarte Teresa Marina , Baumgarten Martin , Wagner Manfred , Müllen Klaus
Published: November 2015

First synthesis of the macrocycle cyclohexa(1,3‐pyrenylene) is achieved in six steps starting with pyrene, leading to a non‐aggregating highly twisted blue‐light‐emitting material. The cyclodehydrogenation of the macrocycle offers a promising synthesis route to holey‐nanographene.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Pyranones
Authors: Zhao Changgui , Li Fangyi , Wang Jian
Published: November 2015

The dynamic kinetic resolution of 6‐hydroxypyranones with enals or alkynals through an asymmetric redox esterification is catalyzed by a chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene. The resulting esters are obtained in good to high yields and with high levels of enantio‐ and diastereocontrol. The reaction products are further derivatized to obtain functionalized sugar derivatives and natural products.
Synergistic Interaction within Bifunctional Ruthenium Nanoparticle/SILP Catalysts for the Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols
Authors: Luska Kylie L. , Migowski Pedro , El Sayed Sami , Leitner Walter
Published: November 2015

Ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on acid‐functionalized supported ionic liquid phases (Ru NPs@SILPs) act as efficient bifunctional catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic substrates under batch and continuous flow conditions. A synergistic interaction between the metal sites and acid groups within the bifunctional catalyst leads to enhanced catalytic activities for the overall transformation as compared to the individual steps catalyzed by the separate catalytic functionalities.
Unusual Chlorination Patterns of Three IPR Isomers of C88 Fullerene in C88(7)Cl12/24, C88(17)Cl22, and C88(33)Cl12/14
Authors: Wang Song , Yang Shangfeng , Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I.
Published: November 2015

High‐temperature chlorination of three IPR isomers of fullerene C88, C2‐C88(7), Cs‐C88(17), and C2‐C88(33), resulted in the isolation and X‐ray structural characterization of C88(7)Cl12, C88(7)Cl24, C88(17)Cl22, and C88(33)Cl12/14. Chlorination patterns of C88(7) and C88(33) isomers are unusual in that one or more pentagons remain free from chlorination while some other pentagons are occupied by two or three Cl atoms. The addition patterns of the isolated chlorides are discussed in terms of the distribution of twelve pentagons on the carbon cages and the formation of stabilizing isolated C=C bonds and benzenoid rings.
A New Electric Hydraulic Actuator Adopted the Variable Displacement Pump
Authors: Shen Wei , Mai Yunfei , Su Xiaoyu , Zhao Jinbao , Jiang Jihai
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a new type Electric Hydraulic Actuator(New EHA) adopted variable displacement pump is presented to enhance the dynamic response of EHA. This system combines the advantages of electric with hydraulic systems and it is easy to be integrated with the whole electric system, which is a promising tendency to save energy and enhance control performance. Firstly, the basic principle and the difference with the traditional EHA are introduced. Moreover, the mathematical model is constructed. Then, the controller by using the fuzzy algorithm is designed. Finally, the simulation and experiment for the New EHA are investigated, both of the results show the effectiveness of the New EHA.
Studies of Solvolyses of 1,4‐Benzodioxan‐6‐Sulfonyl Chloride by Extended Grunwald–Winstein Equation
Authors: Kim Yeon Hak , Choi Hojune , Koo In Sun , Koh Han Joong
Published: November 2015

The rate constants of solvolysis of 1,4‐benzodioxan‐6‐sulfonyl chloride (C8H7ClO4Cl, 1) were determined by a conductivity technique. These rate constants of 1 in 28 different solvents correlated well with the extended Grunwald–Winstein equation. The l (1.00) and m (0.59) values support an SN2 reaction pathway having a similar transition state structure to that of the benzenesulfonyl chloride (2, l = 1.10, m = 0.61) reaction. This interpretation is further supported by the activation parameters, i.e., relatively small positive ΔH
≠ (8.9 to 15.5 kcal/mol) and large negative ΔS
≠ (−27.3 to −49.2 cal/mol/K) values, and the solvent kinetic isotope effect (1.62). The Kivinen's n values (n = 0.03 in methanol, 0.04 in ethanol) obtained in binary solvents were consistent with the proposed bimolecular reaction mechanism.
Oral health promotion in patients with chronic renal failure admitted in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Miranda Alexandre Franco , Lia Erica Negrini , de Carvalho Tatiane Maciel , Piau Cinthia Gonçalves Barbosa de Castro , Costa Priscila Paganini , Bezerra Ana Cristina Barreto
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical Message

Oral hygiene deficiency is common in patients treated in ICUs and it enables biofilm colonization by microorganisms that lead to respiratory infections. A 30‐year‐old female patient with chronic renal failure was hospitalized. Dental procedures were performed in the ICU and contributed to the patient's health after a few days.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Activation of Silica‐Supported Iron Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in Carbon Monoxide and Syngas
Authors: Chernavskii P. A. , Kazak V. O. , Pankina G. V. , Ordomsky V. V. , Khodakov A. Y.
Published: November 2015

The mechanism of activation of silica‐supported iron catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was investigated in syngas or carbon monoxide under transient and isothermal conditions using the in situ magnetic method. The catalyst activation proceeds in two steps and involves reduction of hematite into magnetite and magnetite carbidisation into Hägg carbide. Smaller supported iron particles exhibit higher rates of hematite reduction and magnetite carbidisation than the larger counterparts. The reduction of hematite to magnetite proceeds with similar rates in syngas and pure carbon monoxide, while magnetite can be carbidised more rapidly in carbon monoxide. The concentration of iron carbide was approximately 3 times higher after activation in CO relative to the activation in syngas.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Oxidation in Toluene/LiCB11Me12: H2 as a Surrogate for Lithium Metal?
Authors: Pospíšil Lubomír , Kaleta Jiří , Michl Josef
Published: November 2015

In toluene containing LiCB11(CH3)12 as the supporting electrolyte, the oxidation potential of H2 on a platinized Pt electrode is a strong function of the composition of a basic buffer, lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinate / 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine, and can approach the onset of the reduction of Li+. This suggests that only a moderate voltage might be needed to use H2 as a surrogate for Li and to take advantage of the specific chemical reactivity of the latter.
Accurate determination of the CO2‐crude oil minimum miscibility pressure of pure and impure CO2 streams: A robust modelling approach
Authors: Hemmati‐Sarapardeh Abdolhossein , Ghazanfari Mohammad‐Hossein , Ayatollahi Shahab , Masihi Mohsen
Published: November 2015

Gas flooding processes have emerged as attractive enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods over the last few decades. Among different gas flooding processes, CO2 flooding is recognized as being most efficient for displacing oil through miscible displacement. Minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is a crucial parameter for successfully designing CO2 flooding, which is traditionally measured through time‐consuming, expensive, and cumbersome experiments. In the present study, a new reliable model based on feed‐forward artificial neural networks was presented to predict both pure and impure CO2‐crude oil MMP. Among various properties and parameters, reservoir temperature, reservoir oil composition, and injected gas composition were selected as the input parameters of the proposed model. To evaluate and compare the results of the developed model with existing models, both statistical and graphical error analyses were simultaneously employed. The results showed that the proposed model is more reliable and accurate compared to existing models in a wide range of thermodynamic and process conditions. Furthermore, by employing the relevancy factor, it was found that the reservoir temperature has the most significant impact on the MMP. Finally, in order to identify probable outliers and the applicability domain of the proposed model, the leverage approach was performed. The results illustrated that only two experimental MMP data points were located outside of the applicability domain of the proposed model. As a result, the developed model is statistically reliable for predicting crude oil MMP.
A bioanalytical assay to distinguish cellular uptake routes for liposomes
Authors: Braun Tobias , Kleusch Christian , Naumovska Elena , Merkel Rudolf , Csiszár Agnes
Published: November 2015

Lipid‐based nanoparticles are frequently used for drug or DNA delivery into mammalian cells. However it is difficult to determine whether such particles are taken up via endocytosis or fusion to the plasma membrane. Here, we propose a simple and reliable analytical method to do so based on the unique spectral properties of the fluorescent tracer BODIPY FL. At high local concentrations, this dye displays an additional red‐shifted emission peak that is absent at low concentrations. In dye‐loaded liposomes taken up by endocytosis, the local dye concentration did not significantly change upon internalization. Accordingly, unchanged fluorescence spectra were detected. When cells were incubated with liposomes able to fuse with the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, a reduction of local dye concentration and much weaker emission in the red‐shifted peak were observed. The ratio of intensities in both fluorescence channels was shown to be a reliable indicator of the cellular uptake mechanism. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Yellow Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes from Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes with Avobenzone Ligands as Dopants
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Zhuang Jinyong , Su Wenming , Wang Xiaomei
Published: November 2015

Avobenzone as an ancillary ligand was chosen to construct two yellow iridium(III) complexes, named Irdfppyavo and Irbtavo, [dfppy, bt, and avo represent 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine, 2‐phenylbenzo[d]thiazole, and avobenzone, respectively], which were thoroughly investigated as yellow organic light‐emitting diode dopants. Most importantly, the yellow electroluminescence devices from a luminance of 100–1000 cd m–2 displayed small power efficiency roll‐off values of 28.9 and 21.4 % for Irdfppyavo and Irbtavo, respectively.
Effect of Halopyridine Guest Molecules on the Structure and Superconducting Prop­erties of β″‐[Bis(ethylenedithio)tetra­thiafulvalene]4(H3O)[Fe(C2O4)3]·Guest Crystals
Authors: Prokhorova Tatiana G. , Buravov Lev I. , Yagubskii Eduard B. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Simonov Sergey V. , Zverev Vladimir N. , Shibaeva Rimma P. , Canadell Enric
Published: November 2015

Four new superconducting and metallic salts of the family of organic molecular conductors (BEDT‐TTF)4AI[FeIII(C2O4)3]G [A = H3O+; G = 2‐chloropyridine (1), 2‐bromopyridine (2), 3‐chloropyridine (3), and 3‐bromopyridine (4); BEDT‐TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene] have been prepared, and their crystal structures, electronic structures, transport properties, and magnetotransport properties have been studied. All of the crystals obtained belong to the monoclinic group of the family with β″‐type packing of the conducting BEDT‐TTF layers. Crystals 1 and 2 are superconductors with Tc = 2.4–4.0 and 4.3 K, respectively, and possess structural phase transitions from monoclinic to triclinic symmetry at temperatures of 190–215 K, whereas 3 and 4 retain monoclinic symmetry at 90–300 K and do not show a superconducting transition above 0.5 K. Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations were found in crystals of 1, 2, and 4. The structures and conducting properties of 1–4 are compared with those of the known monoclinic phases of the family containing FeIII ions and different monohalobenzenes and pyridine as “guest” solvent molecules (G).
Catalytically Active Palladium Nanoparticle‐Cored Ferrocenyl‐Terminated Dendrimers
Authors: Lu Feng , Didier Astruc
Published: November 2015

Nanoparticle‐cored (NP‐cored) ferrocenyl dendrimers are precise multifunctional supramolecular nanomaterials owing to their active central and terminal groups and high (1→3) branching connectivity. For instance, catalysis in the interior of the metallodendrimer remains intriguing, especially because sulfur ligands have the reputation to inhibit catalytic reactions on surfaces. A nonaferrocenyl thiol dendron, 1, was utilized to prepare PdNP‐cored metallodendrimers (FcD‐PdNPs) 2, which were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and TEM. The ratio of precursor complex [PdCl2(MeCN)2] to dendron 1 was demonstrated to play a key role in the effectiveness of 2 as catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura and styrene hydrogenation reactions, and a ratio of 5:1 optimized intradendritic catalytic activity for styrene hydrogenation at room temp. and 1 atm H2.
Zinc Radical Transfer Based Modular Approach to Enantiopure Alkylidene‐β‐prol­ines from N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)‐α‐(aminomethyl)acrylates
Authors: Beniazza Redouane , Romain Elise , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Jackowski Olivier , Perez‐Luna Alejandro
Published: November 2015

N‐(tert‐Butylsulfinyl)‐α‐(aminomethyl)acrylates with tethered silylated alkynes undergo a tandem 1,4‐addition/carbozincation reaction upon exposure to dialkylzinc compounds in the presence of air. The process follows a zinc‐radical‐transfer mechanism and provides vinylzinc adducts that can react subsequently with electrophiles. High levels of chiral induction (dr > 90:10) from the tert‐butylsulfinyl directing group are achieved during the radical 5‐exo‐dig cyclization by adding samarium(III) triflate. The sequence overall provides straightforward modular access to enantiopure (E)‐4‐alkylidene‐β‐prolines from tert‐butanesulfinamide.
Improvement of Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis through Structuring on Different Scales
Authors: Güttel Robert , Turek Thomas
Published: November 2015

Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is a complex three‐phase system with demanding requirements towards heat and mass transfer and may play an important role for future energy systems. The intensification of this process to exploit its maximum potential is only possible if the catalyst and reactor scale are considered at the same time. Thus, this Review addresses new concepts for improvement with an emphasis on originality as well as feasibility for the low‐temperature FT synthesis with cobalt catalysts as an example. The concepts are presented with respect to their impact on intensification and classified by the characteristic length scales at which they apply. On this basis, the single concepts are set in context for illustration of the overall improvement potential through a multiscale approach. The aim of this review is to propose a holistic view on the improvement of catalysts and reactors, which might also be transferred to other systems.
Testing a new sampler for measuring plot soil loss
Authors: Carollo Francesco G. , Di Stefano Costanza , Ferro Vito , Pampalone Vincenzo , Sanzone Francesco
Published: November 2015

In order to measure soil loss in equipped plots the estimate of the weight of solid material intercepted at their lower end is required. At the experimental area of Sparacia, Sicily, the runoff produced by an erosive event is collected within storage tanks with a capacity of about 1 m3. In this paper, the use of a new sampler is proposed to measure easily the weight of solid material eroded from an experimental plot and collected into a storage tank. The sampler is a cylinder having a closing valve at the bottom. Two different series of runs were carried out both to test the reliability of the sampler and to establish a sampling procedure, respectively. An analysis of various sampling configurations usable in the field differentiated by the number and location of sampling verticals in the tank cross‐section was finally carried out. The results of the present investigation are that the concentration measurement by the sampler was more accurate than that obtained by other methods involving a collection tank, agitation and sampling of the suspension. This sampler is cheap and usable in combination with a quick field sampling procedure which is particularly advisable when the number of plots equipped at an experimental area is large. The sampler was tested using a clay soil contained within cylinders and a cubic tank, but it appeared also to be usable with coarser sediment than clay and in combination with tanks having a different shape. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Click Synthesis’ of Some Novel Benzimidazol Oxime Ethers Containing Heterocycle Residues as Potential ß‐Adrenergic Blocking Agents
Authors: Roeintan Abouzar , Moosavi Sayed Mojtba , Soltani Rad Mohammad Navid , Behrouz Somayeh
Published: November 2015

The ‘click synthesis’ of some novel O‐substituted oximes, 5a–5j, which contain heterocycle residues, as new analogs of ß‐adrenoceptor antagonists is described (Scheme 1). The synthesis of these compounds was achieved in four steps. The formation of (E)‐2‐(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐phenylethanone oxime, followed by their reaction with 2‐(chloromethyl)oxirane, afforded mixture of oil compounds 3 and 4, which by a subsequent tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB)‐catalyzed reaction with NH heterocycle compounds (Scheme 1), led to the target compounds 5a–5j in good yields.
Facile and Mild Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Diazo Dyes on the Basis of Schiff Bases in the Presence of Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide as a Base Catalyst under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Rashid Zahra , Rabiei Khadijeh
Published: November 2015

In this research, some new diazo dyes including Schiff base have been synthesized by the condensation reaction between ethylenediamine and derivatives of salicylaldehyde containing diazo functional groups in the presence of nanocrystalline magnesium oxide as a solid base catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. Nanocrystalline magnesium oxide has been characterized by XRD, BJH and TEM techniques. The corresponding products have been obtained in excellent yields and high purity. All of the obtained diazo‐Schiff bases are highly colored and can be applicable as useful diazo dyes and characterized by spectroscopy data.
Upregulated expression of PTEN after splenectomy may prevent the progression of liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Li Nai Shu , Wang Zi Ming , Lin Jian Hua
Published: November 2015

Background

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of delaying progression of liver fibrosis by splenectomy.

Methods

Liver fibrosis was induced by common bile duct ligation. Rats were divided into three groups randomly: group A with common bile duct ligation and splenectomy (n = 45), group B with common bile duct ligation and spleen sham operation (n = 45), group C with sham common bile duct ligation and spleen sham operation (n = 45). Liver samples were collected at the 1st, 3rd and 5th week. H&E staining and Sirius staining were used to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis, immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and PTEN. PTEN mRNA and protein expression was measured by real‐time PCR and Western‐blot.

Results

Over time, liver fibrosis developed gradually in groups A and B. The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05), while the expression of α‐SMA was higher in group B (P < 0.05). The expression of PTEN was negatively correlated with α‐SMA (r = –0.86, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

In this study, splenectomy can upregulate the expression of PTEN and reduce the secretion of α‐SMA, thereby deterring the progression of liver fibrosis.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Arylated Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]Isoquinoline Derivatives via Sequential [3 + 2] Cycloadditions and Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Couplings in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Elamin Manahil B. , Farag Ahmad M.
Published: November 2015

Treatment of 5‐bromo‐2‐(bromoacetyl)thiophene (1) with isoquinoline gave the isoquinolinium bromide 2. Reaction of 2 with acrylic acid derivatives, in the presence of MnO2, afforded the 3‐[(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐ylcarbonyl]pyrrolo[2,1‐a]‐isoquinolines 3a, 3b. Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of the bromides 3a, 3b in aqueous solvent with several activated and deactivated aryl(hetaryl)boronic acids 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f using a Pd(II)‐complex under thermal heating as well as microwave‐irradiating conditions afforded the corresponding new arylated pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline derivatives 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 in high to excellent isolated yields.
Influence of winter season climate variability on snow–precipitation ratio in the western United States
Authors: Safeeq Mohammad , Shukla Shraddhanand , Arismendi Ivan , Grant Gordon E. , Lewis Sarah L. , Nolin Anne
Published: November 2015

In the western United States, climate warming poses a unique threat to water and snow hydrology because much of the snowpack accumulates at temperatures near 0 °C. As the climate continues to warm, much of the region's precipitation is expected to switch from snow to rain, causing flashier hydrographs, earlier inflow to reservoirs, and reduced spring and summer snowpack. This study investigates historical variability in snow to precipitation proportion (Sf) and maps areas in the western United States that have demonstrated higher Sf sensitivity to warming in the past. Projected changes in Sf under 1.1, 1.8, and 3.0 °C future warming scenarios are presented in relation to historical variability and sensitivity. Our findings suggest that Sf in this region has primarily varied based on winter temperature rather than precipitation. The difference in Sf between cold and warm winters at low‐ and mid‐elevations during 1916–2003 ranged from 31% in the Pacific Northwest to 40% in the California Sierra Nevada. In contrast, the difference in Sf between wet and dry winters was statistically not significant. Overall, in the northern Sierra, Klamath, and western slopes of the Cascade Mountains Ranges, Sf was most sensitive to temperature where winter temperature ranged between −5 to 5 °C. Results from our trend analysis show a regional shift in both Sf and signal‐to‐noise ratios during 1960–2003 as compared with 1916–2003. Our findings indicate that natural variability in Sf over 1916–2003 across all regions except for the Great Basin most closely resembles the projected 2040‐warming scenario (+1.8 °C).
Stable isotope evidence of late MIS 3 to middle Holocene palaeoenvironments from Sehonghong Rockshelter, eastern Lesotho
Authors: Loftus Emma , Stewart Brian A. , Dewar Genevieve , Lee‐Thorp Julia
Published: November 2015

Evidence for human occupation of southern Africa's high‐altitude Maloti–Drakensberg Mountains is surprisingly common in the last glacial, yet the attraction of this relatively severe, cold region for hunter‐foragers remains unclear. Sehonghong Rockshelter (1870 m asl), in the eastern Lesotho Highlands, provides evidence for human occupation spanning Marine Isotope Stage 3 through the late Holocene. Excellent organic preservation provides opportunities for establishing multiple palaeoenvironmental proxy records to address this conundrum. In high‐altitude zones, the proportions of C3 and C4 plants archived in soil organic matter and faunal enamel provide sensitive indicators of past temperature shifts. We first extended the radiocarbon chronology to ca. 35 ka using ABOx‐SC radiocarbon dates of charcoals. Next we analysed stable isotopes in soil organic matter from the sedimentary sequence, and in faunal tooth enamel from the newly dated lower strata. The results suggest, predictably, that C3 vegetation and low temperatures prevailed until early warming at ca. 15 ka, with a series of sharp shifts thereafter. Low values for δ13C and δ18O in faunal enamel ca. 33 ka suggest a negative temperature excursion at this time, and potentially greater precipitation as snowfall in the highlands compared with lower altitudes.
Application and optimization of organic–inorganic hybrid monolithic capillary electrochromatography for in vivo cefdinir determination with microdialysis
Authors: Chen Zhao , Bi Xiaoli , Li Ji , Tang Yuanjun , Fan Guorong , Sun Dongmei
Published: November 2015

In this study, an organic–inorganic hybrid monolithic capillary column was applied and optimized for the determination of cefdinir in plasma, and the electro‐osmotic flow that usually hinders migration in reverse polarity became a driving force. The Sample used for pharmacokinetic research was collected by microdialysis using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as perfusate, and a volume of 60 μL fluid was mixed with 140 μL of acetonitrile. By using a silica‐allyldimethyldodecylammonium monolithic column (100 μm inner diameter, 21 cm effective length and 31.2 cm total length), and a mobile phase consisting of phosphate and acetonitrile (pH 4.5, 50:50, v/v), at a voltage of 20 kV, the analytes were successfully separated with the background within 2.5 min. The detection wavelength was 214 nm. The calibration curve showed a good linearity (r2 = 0.9994) over the concentration range of 0.2–50 μg/mL. The proposed method showed good specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision and recovery, and the introduction of field amplified sample stacking helped to improve the low recovery caused by microdialysis. This method was successfully applied to quantify cefdinir in rat plasma to support a pre‐clinical pharmacokinetic trial.