bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Non-Hierarchical Nature of the Chomsky Hierarchy-Driven Artificial-Grammar Learning
Authors: Ojima Shiro , Okanoya Kazuo
Published: April 2022

Recent artificial-grammar learning (AGL) paradigms driven by the Chomsky hierarchy paved the way for direct comparisons between humans and animals in the learning of center embedding ([A[AB]B]). The AnBn grammars used by the first generation of such research lacked a crucial property of center embedding, where the pairs of elements are explicitly matched ([A1 [A2 B2] B1]). This type of indexing is implemented in the second-generation AnBn grammars. This paper reviews recent studies using such grammars. Against the premises of these studies, we argue that even those newer AnBn grammars cannot test the learning of syntactic hierarchy. These studies nonetheless provide detailed information about the conditions under which human adults can learn an AnBn grammar with indexing. This knowledge serves to interpret recent animal studies, which make surprising claims about animals’ ability to handle center embedding.
Should It Stay or Should It Go? A Critical Reflection on the Critical Period for Language
Authors: Balari Sergio , Lorenzo Guillermo
Published: April 2022

This paper tries to shed light on traditional and current observations that give support to the idea that language is subject to critical period effects. It is suggested that this idea is not adequately grounded on a view on language as a developmental phenomenon which motivates the suggestion of moving from the now classic concept of language as a ‘faculty’ to a new concept of language as a ‘gradient’: i.e. an aggregate of cognitive abilities, the weight of which is variable from one to another developmental stage, and which exercise crucial scaffolding effects on each other. Once this well-supported view is assumed, the idea of ‘critical period’ becomes an avoidable one, for language can instantiate different forms of gradation, none of which is inherently normal or deviant relatively to each other. In any event, a notion of ‘criticality’ is retained within this view, yet simply to name the transitional effects of scaffolding influences within the gradient.
On the Biological Foundations of Language: Recent Advances in Language Acquisition, Deterioration, and Neuroscience Begin to Converge
Authors: Lust Barbara , Flynn Suzanne , Sherman Janet Cohen , Henderson Charles R. , Gair James , Harrison Marc , Shabo Leah
Published: April 2022

In this paper, experimental results on the study of language loss in pro- dromal Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the elderly are linked to experimen- tal results from the study of language acquisition in the child, via a tran- sitional stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Recent brain imag- ing results from a pilot study comparing prodromal AD and normal ag- ing are reported. Both, behavioral results and their underlying neural underpinnings, identify the source of language deficits in MCI as break- down in syntax–semantics integration. These results are linked to inde- pendent discoveries regarding the ontogeny of language in the child and their neural foundations. It is suggested that these convergent results ad- vance our understanding of the true nature of maturational processes in language, allowing us to reconsider a “regression hypothesis” (e.g., Ribot 1881), wherein later acquisition predicts earliest dissolution.
The Grammar of Persuasion: An Analysis of The Rumiyah of ISIS
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Achmad Fanani  , Slamet Setiawan  ,   Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Published: April 2022

ISIS is known for its influential propaganda activities, which includes their online publication (e.g. the Rumiyah magazine). Their language of propaganda has proven to be very effective in recruiting foreign fighters from many countries. It therefore makes it worth analyzing it. This research examines the grammar of ISIS’s language of persuasion, more specifically, the mood types of the clauses, their speech-function realization, and the SFL patterns of persuasion. A discourse analysis on the clauses of an article (text) in the Rumiyah, entitled, ‘Just Terror Tactics’, was applied. The Hallidayan SFL theory was used as the basis of analysis. The result shows that the writer mainly applied declarative moods functioning as indirect directives and presented them as suggestions to soften their instructions to do knife terror. In terms of clause patterns, the writer applied four typical patterns to make suggestions, four typical patterns to make trivialization, and four typical patterns to make amplification.
Islamic Depositary Receipts (IDRs) as a Panace
Authors:   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Ibrahim Norhazlina , Obiyathulla Ismath Bacha  ,   INCEIF
Published: April 2022

Many Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) stock markets are still in their early stage of development. In this stage, several conditions such as weak legal system and regulations, a limited supply of institutional investors, lack of transparency and accountability are key hurdles. Several approaches have been taken to enhance the capacity and integration of stock markets to promote intra-investment among the OIC countries by Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). They indicated an urgent need to intensify the Islamic product issuance onto the various international financial exchanges, especially the introduction of Islamic global depositary receipts (IDRs) to create liquidity in the Islamic capital market. Thus, this study is to examine the current depositary receipts in the OIC countries, the need to have IDRs, possible challenges and recommendation in implementing IDRs. The study recommends that the OIC countries with surplus capital will assist those OIC countries with capital shortage. Consequently by having IDRs, there is less reliance on the Western exchanges and disintermediation of the middle man and more value creation amongst the OIC member states’ stock exchanges.
Aplikasi Strategi Implisit Elemen Spiritualiti dan Agama dalam Kaunseling Keluarga dan Perkahwinan
Authors:   Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Ahmad Mazita , Mohd Noor Norhayati ,   Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Spiritualiti dan keagamaan merupakan elemen yang signifikan dalam kehidupan seseorang individu. Tambahan pula unit keluarga berada di tengah-tengah kebanyakan sistem keagamaan. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka penggunaan elemen spiritual dan agama dalam kalangan pengamal kaunseling keluarga dan perkahwinan di Malaysia. Dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kualitatif, data dikumpul melalui teknik temu bual separa-berstruktur ke atas tiga belas orang kaunselor berdaftar dari tiga buah pusat kaunseling yang memberikan perkhidmatan kaunseling keluarga dan perkahwinan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tema. Hasil kajian mendapati dua tema penggunaan elemen spiritualiti dan agama yang digunakan secara implisit dalam mengendalikan kes kaunseling keluarga dan perkahwinan iaitu: i) pengamal menggunakan kaedah implisit secara intrakaunselor dan ii) pengamal menggunakan kaedah implisit secara inter-klien. Hasil perbincangan menggambarkan kecenderungan pengamal menggunakan strategi secara implisit dalam mengintegrasikan elemen spiritualiti dan agama terhadap pengendalian kes kaunseling keluarga dan perkahwinan. Sikap pengamal dalam mengintegrasikan spiritual dan agama dalam kaunseling mencerminkan kewaspadaan dan mengambil langkah berhati-hati dalam mematuhi etika dan menjaga keselesaan klien. Hasil kajian memberi nilai tambah terhadap bidang ilmu kaunseling sekaligus memberi implikasi positif kepada pihakpihak yang berkepentingan dalam usaha menyediakan perkhidmatan kaunseling yang baik dan berkesan untuk memelihara etika dan memartabatkan profesion kaunseling setanding dengan perkhidmatan profesional yang lain.
Women's Newspapers As Minangkabau Feminist Movement Against Marginalization in Indonesia
Authors:   State Islamic Institute of Bukit Tinggi, Bukit Tinggi, Indonesia, Silfia Hanani
Published: April 2022

Minangkabau is one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia who inhabits the western part of Sumatra Island. During the years of 1900-1942, 209 types of newspapers were published by this ethnic group with various themes and writing styles, eight of which were about women. Women’s newspapers were initiated by women. Substantially, the major themes of these newspapers were feminist movement against gender discrimination and inequality. Hence, the publication of these newspapers became the medium for feminist movement in Minangkabau. This movement influenced and contributed towards the emergence of the political, social, educational, cultural, and economic movement for women. Through this movement, women gained access to those respective aspects. Therefore, gender equality on the access to education, welfare, and justice was achieved. Women’s newspapers act as the Minangkabau feminist movement against marginalization in Indonesia.
Interpretation of Qur’anic Tasliyah Verses: A Study of Alternative Psychotherapic Treatment for Neurosis
Authors: Rahim KZ  , Mohd Khairul Naim Che Nordin
Published: April 2022

As the exemplary figure and model for all human beings, the Messenger of God underwent various forms of tests, challenges and pressure. It is mentioned in the Qur’an that the Messenger of God used to experience anxiety and distress, which is categorised as neurosis, a type of mental disorder. The condition is due to the challenges encountered by the Prophet in spreading da’wah throughout his life. The mental disorder such as neurosis occurs when individuals have to deal with calamity, either internally or externally. The calamity affects their behaviour and thought, causing the patients to end up in suffering. In this case, the Qur’an offers al-tasliyah verses as the psychotherapy treatment mechanism with the concept of rabbānī for the Prophet. This study was conducted to examine the interpretation of the collection of al-tasliyah verses as the guidance to the psychotherapy treatment alternative for neurotic patients based on the Qur’an. This study applied qualitative method via re-descriptive approach. The findings of the study demonstrate that the Qur’an is a treasure of complementary psychotherapy methods, which are suitable in treating neurotic patients. The findings illustrate that the Muslims have alternative mechanisms for psychotherapy treatment that are applicable according to the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
El tipo de tarea como factor de influencia interlingüística en el proceso de adquisición de español como tercera lengua o adicional
Authors:   Universidad Nebrija (España), Saint-Preux Anna Doquin de , Pizarro Carmona Mercedes ,   Universidad Nebrija (España)
Published: April 2022

Este artículo examina el papel que el tipo de tarea o discurso puede ejercer como factor de influencia interlingüística a nivel léxico en el proceso de adquisición de español de aprendices plurilingües. El estudio se basó en el análisis de errores a partir de un corpus oral estructurado en torno a dos tipos de tareas de expresión e interacción orales, con y sin preparación previas: un coloquio y una entrevista. La selección de estas dos tareas estuvo determinada por el grado de formalidad e informalidad, la complejidad de la tarea y la disponibilidad de tiempo en la preparación de los discursos. Los resultados muestran que entre uno u otro tipo de tarea o discurso producido existen variaciones con respecto al balance total de errores léxicos, el tipo de error léxico, la lengua fuente del error, pero no tanto en el tipo de error interlingüístico. Ello permite concluir que el tipo de tarea o discurso determina la aparición de errores por influencia interlingüística, por lo que podrá considerarse como factor de influencia interlingüística y posible causa de su aparición.
La interpersonalidad discursiva como alternativa al metadiscurso interpersonal
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia (España), Suau Jiménez Francisca , Lorés Sanz Rosa ,   Universidad de Zaragoza (España), Mapelli Giovanna ,   Universià  degli Studi di Milano (Italia), Herrando Rodrigo Isabel ,   Universidad de Zaragoza (España)
Published: April 2022

El propósito de este artículo es proponer un nuevo concepto, interpersonalidad discursiva, como forma de flexibilizar el modelo del metadiscurso interpersonal (MI). Partimos de la probada validez del MI (Hyland, 2005a, 2005b) como marco de análisis de las relaciones interpersonales entre emisores y receptores en textos escritos y hablados. Nuestra argumentación se basa en nuestras investigaciones en diferentes géneros académicos y profesionales, con el foco en la interpersonalidad. Puesto que el MI está condicionado por diferentes variables contextuales, tal como sugieren diversos trabajos (Dahl, 2004; Sala, 2006; Yakhontova, 2006; Giannoni, 2007; Mapelli, 2008; Crismore y Abdollazadeh, 2010; Gotti, 2010; Lorés-Sanz 2011a; Ivorra Pérez, 2015, 2016; Suau-Jiménez, 2016; Mattiello, 2018; Turiman y otros, 2018; Herrando- Rodrigo, 2019), este tendría que redefinirse o readaptarse para dar cuenta de nuevos marcadores y nuevas realizaciones léxico-gramaticales. Como resultado y de forma muy importante, se incluir a la proposicionalidad como rasgo teórico integrante de la interpersonalidad, que las definiciones tradicionales del MI no aceptan como tal. Por tanto, un nuevo concepto necesitar a ser acuñado, que incluyera estos nuevos aspectos esenciales. Partiendo de cómo ha sido definido el MI convencionalmente (Mauranen, 1993a, 1993b; Hyland, 2005a, 2017), proponemos dos conceptos integradores: giro discursivo (Jaworski y Pritchard, 2005), no en su sentido general filosófico/ideológico sino centrándose en el discurso particular de cada texto como eje identitario o punto de partida para el análisis, e interpersonalidad (Lorés-Sanz y otros, 2010), como un concepto-paraguas más amplio que el MI. Así, una nueva perspectiva llamada interpersonalidad discursiva podría hacer posible investigaciones más satisfactorias en géneros, dominios y lenguas diversos.
Development of a mannequin lab for clinical training in a chiropractic program
Authors: Owens Edward F. , Dever Lydia L. , Hosek Ronald S. , Russell Brent S. , DC Stephanie Sullivan
Published: April 2022

Objective

Faced with COVID-19 safety protocols that severely limited the ability to conduct chiropractic technique instruction in the usual manner, our university invested the resources to develop a new mannequin lab for hands-on training, which would help supplement the loss of person-to-person contact.

Methods

Training mannequins could enable student learning of palpation and adjustment skills while avoiding close human–human contact. The university had developed a mannequin over the previous 4 years consisting of a full-sized human torso with individually movable and palpable vertebrae, pelvis, and thighs. In the mannequin, 64 pressure sensors are attached to particular vertebral and skeletal landmarks and provide feedback on palpation location and level of force applied. We assembled 3 teams to produce 20 copies of that mannequin for student use.

Results

Mannequins were produced in 7 weeks, and space was built out for a special lab. Faculty members are developing classroom procedures to introduce the mannequin to students, phase in the skills from static and motion palpation, and practice thrust performance.

Conclusion

The production run was successful, and the resulting equipment, well-received by students and faculty. In addition to helping teach manual skills, the lab serves as a platform for educational research to test the efficacy of mannequin-based training protocols. With the pressure sensors on known locations along the spine, future research may be able to test the ability of students to identify and contact specific target locations for adjustive thrusts.
Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals Concentration of Industrial Effluents and Receiving Rivers in Iguosa and Ikopba, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke A. E. , Adegbite S. A. , Onifade A. P. , Sangoremi A. A. , Adegbite A. A.
Published: April 2022

This study was carried out to investigate the impact of pollution on the receiving waters (Iguosa and Ikopba rivers) in Benin City. Effluents and water samples were analysed quantitatively for the presence of lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) for both wet and dry season were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Heavy metals analysis results for 7-Up Bottling Company showed that Pb (0.06mg/L – 0.97mg/L), Cu (0.12mg/L – 2.84mg/L), Cr (0.5mg/L – 8.16mg/L), Mn (0.88mg/L – 4.36mg/L), Fe (0.55mg/L – 7.55mg/L), Zn (0.38mg/L – 3.97mg/L), Ni (0.27mg/L – 1.66mg/L) and Cd (0.03mg/L – 0.74mg/L) while results for Guinness Nigeria Plc showed that Pb (0.06mg/L – 0.95mg/L), Cu (0.07mg/L – 2.62mg/L), Cr (0.14mg/L – 2.96mg/L), Mn (0.16mg/L – 6.63mg/L), Fe (0.31mg/L – 4.96mg/L), Zn (0.14mg/L – 7.98mg/L), Ni (0.12mg/L – 1.69mg/L) and Cd (0.03mg/L – 0.56mg/L) for both wet and dry season. This showed that the concentrations of the metals were higher during wet season than the dry season except that of lead and cadmium. However, the presence of metals at various concentrations revealed that the effluents from these industries contaminated the stream.
Research on the Development Countermeasures of "Agricultural Products + Live Broadcast" E-Commerce Model
Authors: Zhou Gong-Jian
Published: April 2022

With the continuous maturity of 5G communication technology and mobile Internet technology, live broadcast e-commerce has ushered in an opportunity period of rapid growth. As a new play method and mode of e-commerce, it has wide applicability and compatibility. The combination of live e-commerce and agricultural products has opened a new journey of agricultural e-commerce. By tracing the origin of live broadcast e-commerce of agricultural products, this paper analyzes the development status and rise reasons of live broadcast e-commerce of agricultural products, and analyzes and compares the two "agricultural products + live broadcast " e-commerce types of live broadcast and live broadcast with goods. This paper probes into the advantages and difficulties of live broadcast e-commerce of agricultural products, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the healthy development of live broadcast e-commerce of agricultural products. We hope that these analyses can provide some help and reference for the benign development of live broadcast e-commerce mode of agricultural products.
Insights on UEP’S Food Selling Policy: Level of Significant Relationship between Food Consumption Pattern, Health and Safety, and Knowledge on the Basic Food Groups among the Students in the University of Eastern Philippines Main Campus
Authors: G. Irader Gina , Ubane Siony C.
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted to establish the relationship between the food consumption pattern, health and safety, and knowledge on the basic food groups among college students in the University of Eastern Philippines Main Campus. Specifically, this study aimed to determine the respondents’ food consumption pattern as to breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks; their level of knowledge on the basic food groups (glow, grow, and go); their assessment on health and safety; and their level of knowledge on the basic food groups and their food consumption pattern. The descriptive-correlational method of research was utilized employing a modified questionnaire-checklist patterned from the instruments of the Cumbria County Council and the DOST Food Nutrition and Research Institute. The findings of the study showed the food consumption pattern of the student-respondents significantly affected their assessment on the health and safety of the food services of the food stalls and establishments. The level of knowledge of the student-respondents on the basic food groups has a significant correlation on their food consumption pattern. In conclusion, the food consumption pattern of the student-respondents significantly affected their assessment on the health and safety of the food services of the food stalls and establishments.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity by D2-Statistics using Morpho-Physiological Traits of Late Sown Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Neeru . , Singh Vikram , Panwar I. S. , Anu . , Yadav Satender , Janghel D. K. , Kiran .
Published: April 2022

The sixty-bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were distributed among the seven clusters obtained using D2 statistics Euclidean distance method on the basis of observations taken on various morphological and physiological traits namely days to heading, days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity, grain filling duration, plant height, number of effective tillers, thousand grain weight, grain yield, chlorophyll fluorescence and canopy temperature. Results obtained revealed that the cluster IV had maximum number of genotypes i.e.,17 genotypes followed by cluster I (13 genotypes), Cluster IV (10 genotypes), cluster VII, II, III and VI (9, 5, 3 and 3 respectively). The highest inter cluster genetic distance existed between cluster I and VI (6.559) and the average intra cluster distance between the genotypes of cluster VII (3.817) was maximum. Therefore, genotypes in these clusters may be used to produce the superior hybrids and transgressive segregants. For grain yield and effective tillers had highest mean value in cluster VI. Cluster III had highest mean value for 1000-grain weight and lowest values for plant height indicating genotypes were short. Traits such as days to anthesis followed by canopy temperature, days to maturity, grain filling duration, chlorophyll fluorescence and grain yield per meter contributing a total of 68.1 per cent to the total divergence.
Effect of Nitrogen and Plant Growth Regulators on Nutrient Concentration and Uptake of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague)
Authors: Choudhary Sheeshpal , Shivran A. C. , Dudwal B.L. , Choudhary Meena , Jakhar Rajendra , Daroga Shiv Prasad
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2016-17 entitled “Effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on nutrient concentration and uptake of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. sprague)” at Agronomy farm, Sri Karan Narendra College of Agriculture, Jobner in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. The experiment comprising of total twenty treatment combinations consisting four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1) and five levels of plant growth regulators (control, NAA 50 ppm at 40 day after sowing, NAA 50 ppm at 40 and 60 day after sowing, thiourea 500 ppm at 40 day after sowing, thiourea 500 ppm at 40 and 60 day after sowing) laid out in factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The results showed that application of nitrogen up to 30 kg ha-1 significantly higher nitrogen concentration in grain and straw over control. However, total nitrogen uptake was significantly increased with application of 60 kg N ha-1 over lower levels, but remained at par with 90 kg N ha-1. Foliar application of plant growth regulators significantly increased nitrogen concentration in grain, straw and total nitrogen uptake of ajwain over control.
A Promising Sustainable Pest Management Technology: Microbial Bio-Control Agent
Authors: Dey Utpal , Sarkar Shatabhisa , Malik Meenakshi , Sehgal Mukesh , Debbarma Pijush , Chander Subhash
Published: April 2022

Microbial bio-control agents play an important role in integrated pest management in modern agriculture for managing pests without affecting environment and humans. Recently, microbial bio-control agents are gaining more attention as they are easy to use, safe and an alternative eco-friendly approach of hazardous pesticide chemicals. Biological control agents are ecologically sustainable and effective crop protection approach in agriculture and horticultural crops including organic systems. Predator, parasitism or other natural mechanism can be use to reduce the pest such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases.
Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Antibody among the Residence of Island Communities of Lake Chad Basin, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Shehu Busu Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Aim: The study sought to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) among the people of Lake Chad Basin of Borno State Nigeria.

Study Design: A cross sectional quantitative survey that derived information on   the behavioral characteristics, vulnerability of the population and prevalence of HBV and HCV.

Place and Duration of Study: Testing for HBV and HCV antibodies was carried out  among the people of urban and rural communities of Lake Chad Basin of Borno State Nigeria in 2017.

Methodology: 1790 samples were collected on dried sample blot card, dried and transported to National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Abuja where the samples were tested using HBsAg ELISA rapid test kit (ACON, USA) and confirmed with HBsAg ELISA test kit (ABON, ABON Biopharm Hangzhou Co. Ltd). HCV tests was carried out using ACON hepatitis C test strip (ACON Laboratory, INC USA) and confirmed with ELISA HCV kit (ORTHO HCV version 3.0; Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, New Jersey, USA). The results were expressed in percentages

Results: The result of the study revealed that 28 representing 1.56% tested positive for HBV and 3(0.17%) was HCV positive. On disaggregation, Commercial sex workers (CSW) and prison inmates had the highest prevalence of HBV and HCV 8.5% and 1.41% respectively. The highest number of positive cases of HBV was recorded among the males in the age range of 40-44 (3.25%), while the highest cases among the females was within the age range of 35-39 (6.8%). HCV positive cases were one male and two females within the age range of 20-24. HBV was higher in urban communities (3.70%), while HCV was higher in rural communities (0.17%).

Conclusion: Interventions such as vaccination against HBV, sexual education prevention of blood exposure was suggested to mitigate further transmission of these infections
House committee considers 19 bills in hearing focusing on SUDs and MI
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2022

Last week, the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee spent almost five hours questioning witnesses about 19 bills, most of them focusing on substance use disorders (SUDs). Two of the bills would reauthorize the block grants for substance abuse and mental illness. Some, but not all, of the bills call for additional funding.
ASAM speakers: M.D.s must make equity part of healing mission
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2022

Addiction medicine specialists need to make their voices heard stronger in their communities in order to correct persistent social inequities in service delivery, the commissioner of the New York Office of Addiction Services and Supports (OASAS) told attendees of this month's annual conference of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). Chinazo Cunningham, M.D., delivered her remarks in an April 1 scientific plenary session that outlined personal career milestones that reflected her desire to close wide disparities in care.
Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of CoCrxCuFeMnNi High‐Entropy Alloys Prepared by Vacuum Hot‐Pressing Sintering
Authors: Ren Bo , Zhao Rui-Feng , Chen Chong , Jiang Ai-Yun , Liu Zhong-Xia , Zhang Guo-Peng
Published: April 2022

Herein, CoCrxCuFeMnNi (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0, in molar ratio) high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are prepared through vacuum hot‐pressing sintering. The influences of Cr content on the microstructure and the corrosion behavior in 3.5% NaCl solution are studied. The alloys are mainly composed of two face‐centered cubic (FCC) phases, namely, Cr–Co–Fe–Mn–Ni (or Co–Fe–Mn–Ni)‐rich FCC1 phase and Cu–Mn–Ni‐rich FCC2 phase. With the increase of Cr content, The FCC1‐phase area expands and the FCC2 phase area shrinks. In 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion current density (icorr) and average corrosion rate (Vcorr) of the HEAs decrease with the increase in Cr content. The icorr and Vcorr of Cr2.0 alloy are lower at 1.87 × 10−6A cm−2 and 0.02 mm year−1, respectively. The increase of transfer resistance (Rp) and decrease of relative thickness (CPE1−1) of the passivation film indicate that the more difficult it is for ions in the corrosive medium to pass through the capacitor layer, the better the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Improvement of the corrosion resistance is mainly due to the formation of denser Cr2O3 passivation film and reduction of the segregation degree of Cu in the FCC2 phase.
Composition‐Dependent Magnetic Ordering in Freestanding 2D Non‐van der Waals Cr2TexSe3−x Crystals
Authors: Liu Qinxi , Wang Yanxia , Zhao Ying , Guo Yu , Jiang Xue , Zhao Jijun
Published: April 2022

Since the confirmation of long‐range magnetic ordering in 2D materials, much effort has been devoted to finding more 2D magnetic materials with high Curie temperature (TC) and tunable physical properties. Most of the 2D magnets realized to date are based on van der Waals (vdW) materials, but recently synthesized 2D non‐vdW ultrathin materials have revealed an alternative direction for the discovery of novel 2D magnets. In this paper, a family of 2D non‐vdW Cr2TexSe3−x compounds is proposed. All Cr2TexSe3−x compounds are predicted to be energetically favorable and air stable, suggesting experimental feasibility, and long‐term stability. Compared to other non‐vdW materials, Cr2TexSe3−x compounds have superior oxidation resistance. Moreover, they exhibit obvious composition‐dependent magnetic ordering, which originates from the competition between interlayer direct antiferromagnetic exchange and ferromagnetic superexchange. Among them, half‐metals Cr2Te3 and Cr2TeSe2 exhibit robust ferromagnetism with high TC values of 396 and 261 K, respectively. Additionally, 2D Cr2TeSe2 shows a sizable anomalous Hall conductivity of 6237 Ω cm−1. The present results enrich the database of 2D non‐vdW magnets and provide fundamental understanding about the composition‐induced magnetic phase transition, which may be of use in spintronic applications.
Ligand‐Anchoring‐Induced Oriented Crystal Growth for High‐Efficiency Lead‐Tin Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Nan , Ren Xiaodong , Fang Zhimin , Jiang Xiaofen , Xu Zhuo , Zhang Lu , Ren Shengqiang , Jia Lingbo , Zhang Jingru , Du Yachao , Zhao Dewei , Zhao Kui , Yang Shangfeng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: April 2022

The narrow bandgap (≈1.2 eV) Pb‐Sn alloyed perovskite solar cell is a promising bottom component cell for all‐perovskite tandem devices that are expected to offer higher efficiency than the theoretical Shockley–Queisser limit of the single‐junction solar cells. The density functional theory (DFT) study reveals that the Pb‐Sn perovskite film with the (100) orientation would render significantly reduced trap density, which is a critical figure‐of‐merit for perovskite device performance. Alkyl diamine is therefore designed to first anchor onto the surface as a nucleation agent to modulate the Pb‐Sn perovskite growth to proceed preferentially along with the (100) orientation. It is observed that the diamine cations not only effectively induced the crystal growth at the nucleation stage, but also remained on the crystal surface to eventually passivate the resultant perovskite film. As a result, the diamine‐based films show (100) preferred orientation with superior optoelectronic properties, as predicted by the DFT investigation. Consequently, the champion power conversion efficiency of 20.03% is achieved, one of the highest for this type of device. These findings provide a practicable strategy to theoretically design surface nucleation to induce preferential growth of perovskite material for better optoelectronic performance.
In‐Memory Computing using Memristor Arrays with Ultrathin 2D PdSeOx/PdSe2 Heterostructure
Authors: Li Yesheng , Chen Shuai , Yu Zhigen , Li Sifan , Xiong Yao , Pam Mer‐Er , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Ang Kah‐Wee
Published: April 2022

In‐memory computing based on memristor arrays holds promise to address the speed and energy issues of the classical von Neumann computing system. However, the stochasticity of ions’ transport in conventional oxide‐based memristors imposes severe intrinsic variability, which compromises learning accuracy and hinders the implementation of neural network hardware accelerators. Here, these challenges are addressed using a low‐voltage memristor array based on an ultrathin PdSeOx/PdSe2 heterostructure switching medium realized by a controllable ultraviolet (UV)–ozone treatment. A distinctively different ions’ transport mechanism is revealed in the heterostructure that can confine the formation of conductive filaments, leading to a remarkable uniform switching with low set and reset voltage variability values of 4.8% and −3.6%, respectively. Moreover, convolutional image processing is further implemented using various crossbar kernels that achieve a high recognition accuracy of ≈93.4% due to the highly linear and symmetric analog weight update as well as multiple conductance states, manifesting its potential beyond von Neumann computing.
Experimental Demonstration of Dark‐State Metasurface Laser with Controllable Radiative Coupling
Authors: Droulias Sotiris , Mohamed Sughra , Rekola Heikki , Hakala Tommi K. , Soukoulis Costas M. , Koschny Thomas
Published: April 2022

Lasing at the nanoscale using plasmonic nanoparticles offers the prospect of strong field concentration, hence strong light−matter interactions, low lasing thresholds, and ultrafast operation. However plasmonic nanoparticles suffer from high dissipative and radiative losses, the latter being rigidly tied to the shape of the nanoparticles and symmetry of their localized plasmon resonant modes. To overcome this limitation, recent theoretical work proposes using direct lasing into dark surface states to construct lasers that conceptually allow for independent implementation of the lasing state and its coherent radiation output. Here, lasing in dark resonant states of a metasurface laser and controllable coherent outcoupling of radiation with the aid of a tightly coupled, weakly radiative metasurface are demonstrated experimentally. The laser is implemented using a thin, low‐loss dielectric film supporting surface mode‐like dark dielectric bound states and the coupling metasurface is composed of small non‐resonant scatterers that controllably but weakly perturb the dark mode and turn it partially bright. Distinct far‐field signatures that can be observed experimentally for both dark and bright lasing are identified and demonstrated. The scalability of this design, here implemented for lasing in the near‐infrared, enables large‐aperture ultra‐thin coherent light sources with controllable emission from the infrared to the visible.
Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission with High Thermal Stability in Antimony‐Doped Hybrid Manganese Chloride
Authors: Li Chen , Luo Zhishan , Liu Yulian , Wei Yi , He Xin , Chen Zhongwei , Zhang Liming , Chen Yulin , Wang Wei , Liu Yejing , Chang Xiaoyong , Quan Zewei
Published: April 2022

Self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission in some metal halides has acquired great interest in recent years due to their broadband emission, large Stokes shift, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, severe thermal quenching of STE emission is still a critical bottleneck that impedes their application in light‐emitting field. Herein, a novel zero‐dimensional hybrid metal halide, Sb3+‐doped (BTPP)2MnCl4 (BTPP = Benzyltriphenylphosphonium), is accordingly synthesized to address this issue. This compound exhibits excitation‐dependent dual emissions including STE emission of antimony chloride tetrahedron and 4T1‐6A1 transition of Mn2+ ions, resulting in a tunable emission color from green to orange. More importantly, the PL intensity of STE emission at 420 K in (BTPP)2MnCl4:2.0%Sb can maintain 72.5% of its ambient value, which is superior to current organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides. Temperature‐dependent and time‐resolved spectroscopy results suggest that the high thermal stability of STE emission originates from the efficient energy transfer from (BTPP)2MnCl4 host to antimony chloride tetrahedron, which promotes the formation of STEs. The white light‐emitting diode based on this (BTPP)2MnCl4:2.0%Sb phosphor exhibits high‐performance warm white light with a correlated color temperature of 4827 K and a color rendering index of 88.7, which demonstrates its potential in solid‐state lighting applications.
Low Thresholds and Tunable Modes in Plasmon‐Assisted Perovskite Microlasers
Authors: Li Ziwei , Wang Yajuan , Li Lihui , Xie Yunfei , He Chenglin , Xu Pan , Zhang Xuehong , Huang Jianhua , Huang Ming , Yang Liuli , Du Juan , Zhu Xiaoli , Pan Anlian
Published: April 2022

Low‐dimensional perovskite structures are ideal materials for nano/microlasers owing to their excellent optical gain properties and high emission efficiency. But it is still a challenge to achieve single‐mode and tunable lasing behaviors in micro‐scale perovskite, especially showing ultralow thresholds in tens of µJ cm−2. In this work, CsPbBr3/Ag hemispheroids have been synthesized in a designed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Benefiting from the whispering gallery resonance mode and plasmon‐enhanced light–matter interactions in well‐confined hybrid cavities, the CsPbBr3/Ag plasmonic microlasers exhibit low pump thresholds down to 35–51 µJ cm−2. Interestingly, single‐mode and two‐mode lasing behaviors are determined by the morphology of plasmonic Ag nanostructures, and lasing modes could be selectively tuned by increasing the pump fluence accompanying with dynamic competitions of photonic and plasmonic modes. Simulations of electromagnetic field have been plotted to show near‐field resonant modes for a comprehensive understanding of plasmon‐assisted lasing. These results not only provide a solution to fabricate low‐threshold plasmonic microlasers, but also advocate the prospect of all‐inorganic perovskite nanostructures as promising candidates for on‐chip integrated light sources.
A Simple Fused‐Ring Acceptor toward High‐Sensitivity Binary Near‐Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Deng Suinan , Zhang Lianjie , Zheng Jingbo , Li Ji , Lei Shuyi , Wu Zuhao , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Chen Junwu
Published: April 2022

Near‐infrared organic photodetector of high sensitivity is essential for various remote sensing applications. In this work, a new simple fused‐ring acceptor “NTQ” with a narrow optical bandgap of 1.11 eV is designed and synthesized to demonstrate the first near‐infrared organic photodetector example featuring a non‐fused A‐D‐A′‐D‐A molecular framework. The optimized geometry of NTQ exhibits high planarity and the relevant pristine film shows high electron mobility of 1.51 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Moreover, the PTB7‐Th:NTQ blend can achieve relatively high and balanced hole/electron mobility even though the photo‐active layer thickness is up to 320 nm. The NTQ‐based devices exhibit high shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) of 3.72 × 1012 Jones at 1000 nm under the bias of –0.1 V and a board Dsh* response over 1012 Jones from 320 to 1070 nm. Furthermore, the device exhibits fast averaged rise and fall times of 2.02 and 2.42 µs, respectively. This work demonstrates that molecular engineering with the A‐D‐A′‐D‐A framework can endow near‐infrared photo‐active materials with high‐performing photodetectors for wide applications.
Ionic Combisomes: A New Class of Biomimetic Vesicles to Fuse with Life
Authors: Wagner Anna M. , Quandt Jonas , Söder Dominik , Garay‐Sarmiento Manuela , Joseph Anton , Petrovskii Vladislav S. , Witzdam Lena , Hammoor Thomas , Steitz Philipp , Haraszti Tamás , Potemkin Igor I. , Kostina Nina Yu. , Herrmann Andreas , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar
Published: April 2022

The construction of biomembranes that faithfully capture the properties and dynamic functions of cell membranes remains a challenge in the development of synthetic cells and their application. Here a new concept for synthetic cell membranes based on the self‐assembly of amphiphilic comb polymers into vesicles, termed ionic combisomes (i‐combisomes) is introduced. These combs consist of a polyzwitterionic backbone to which hydrophobic tails are linked by electrostatic interactions. Using a range of microscopies and molecular simulations, the self‐assembly of a library of combs in water is screened. It is discovered that the hydrophobic tails form the membrane's core and force the backbone into a rod conformation with nematic‐like ordering confined to the interface with water. This particular organization resulted in membranes that combine the stability of classic polymersomes with the biomimetic thickness, flexibility, and lateral mobility of liposomes. Such unparalleled matching of biophysical properties and the ability to locally reconfigure the molecular topology of its constituents enable the harboring of functional components of natural membranes and fusion with living bacteria to “hijack” their periphery. This provides an almost inexhaustible palette to design the chemical and biological makeup of the i‐combisomes membrane resulting in a powerful platform for fundamental studies and technological applications.
Suppressed Dissolution and Enhanced Desolvation in Core–Shell MoO3@TiO2 Nanorods as a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Anode Material for Proton Batteries
Authors: Wang Chenggang , Zhao Shunshun , Song Xinxin , Wang Nana , Peng Huili , Su Jie , Zeng Suyuan , Xu Xijin , Yang Jian
Published: April 2022

Rechargeable proton batteries are attractive, because protons as a charge carrier have a small ionic radius, a lightest mass, and a high abundance on Earth. MoO3, as one of the promising anode materials in rechargeable proton batteries, suffers from the severe dissolution in acidic electrolytes upon cycling. Here, an ultrathin TiO2 shell is coated on MoO3 nanorods to suppress the detrimental dissolution during cycles. TiO2 also lowers the desolvation energy of hydrated protons, promoting the reaction kinetics. As a result, MoO3@TiO2 displays outstanding electrochemical performance, especially at high rates (171.0 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1) and at high mass loadings (17 mAh cm−2 at 104 mg cm−2). The full cells constructed with MnO2 deliver an energy density up to 252.9 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 18.3 kW kg−1. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that protons shuttle back and forth between different monoclinic phases. The results offer a simple way to achieve the high performance of MoO3 in a diluted acidic solution.
Enhancement of Piezoelectricity in Dimensionally Engineered Metal‐Halide Perovskites Induced by Deep Level Defects
Authors: Heo Sung , Lee Do Yoon , Lee Dongwook , Lee Yonghui , Kim Kihong , Yun Hyun‐Sung , Paik Min Jae , Shin Tae Joo , Oh Hyeon Seung , Shin Taeho , Kim Jaekyung , Kim Seong Heon , Seok Sang Il , Nazeeruddin MohammadKhaja
Published: April 2022

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been considered to be one of the most promising next‐generation energy harvesters over the past decades due to remarkably rapid improvement of power conversion efficiency in photovoltaics. However, energy harvesters based on the solar energy source have an intrinsic environment limitation for indoor applications. A feasible solution to the limitation is to add non‐solar energy harvesting functions to the solar energy harvesters. Here, the piezoelectric properties of two types of metal halide PSCs are investigated, the 3D only and the 3D/2D structure, showing PCEs of 21.3% and 23.2%, respectively. Piezo‐response force microscopy and synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction demonstrate that both types of PSC sample have piezoelectricity. Remarkably, the 3D/2D structure has considerably higher piezoelectric amplitude than the 3D‐only. The deep level transient spectroscopy results reveal that the enhancement in the piezoelectricity of the 3D/2D structure originates from PbBr defects. This study unravels the role of defects in the piezoelectricity of metal halide PSCs and provides a direction to develop the multi‐function energy harvesters based on the PSCs.
Defect Healing in FAPb(I1‐xBrx)3 Perovskites: Multifunctional Fluorinated Sulfonate Surfactant Anchoring Enables >21% Modules with Improved Operation Stability
Authors: Zhu Jun , Qian Yongteng , Li Zijia , Gong Oh Yeong , An Zongfu , Liu Qing , Choi Jin Hyuk , Guo He , Yoo Pil Jin , Kim Dong Hoe , Ahn Tae Kyu , Han Gill Sang , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: April 2022

Formamidinium lead triiodide‐based perovskite solar cells have emerged as one of the most promising candidates that can be potentially used to develop photovoltaic technologies in the future. The commercial use of perovskite solar cell modules (PSCMs) is limited as it is challenging to fabricate high‐quality, efficient, and stable large‐area perovskite light‐absorbing films. Heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid tetraethylammonium salt (HFSTT), containing fluorinated long alkyl chains as hydrophobic tails and sulfonic acid groups (SO3−) as hydrophilic heads, which exhibit a great synergistic potential in large‐area film uniform fabrication, crystallization orientation modulation, defect passivation, and device operation stability enhancement, are introduced. The HFSTT‐modified films exhibit a prominent (100) orientation and lower trap‐state density as well as enhanced carrier mobilities and diffusion lengths, facilitating a champion unit device with an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.88% (0.14 cm2) and 22.52% (1 cm2) with a low voltage deficit around 0.341 V. The unencapsulated device retains ≈70% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h under heat damping test (60 °C and ≈60% RH). Moreover, the PSCMs exhibiting PCEs of 21.05% (with notable fill factor 0.79) and 18.27% are characterized by the active areas of 25.98 and 60.68 cm2, respectively.
Anion‐Directed Regulation of Structures and Luminescence of Heterometallic Clusters
Authors: Li Jiao‐Jiao , Liu Chun‐Yu , Guan Zong‐Jie , Lei Zhen , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: April 2022

Anions have been used to regulate the structures and luminescence of heterometallic clusters. Introducing ClO4− into orange‐emissive, butterfly‐like [(C)(Au‐PPhpy2)6Ag4](BF4)6 (1, PPhpy2=bis(2‐pyridyl)phenylphosphine) leads to the formation of red‐emissive [(C)(Au‐PPhpy2)6Ag5(ClO4)3](ClO4)4 (2) with a novel trigonal bipyramidal structure; employing PhCO2− gives yellow‐emissive, hexagram‐like [(C)(Au‐PPhpy2)6Ag6(PhCO2)3](BF4)5 (3). Notably, 1 exhibits weak luminescence in CH2Cl2/CH3OH=1 : 1 (v : v) with a quantum yield (QY) of 0.05, whereas it was dramatically increased to 0.49 and 0.83 for 2 and 3, respectively. Theoretical calculation confirms that the involvement of anions in the electronic structures is responsible for the shifts of emission. The high QYs of 2 and 3 are attributed to the protection provided by ligands and anions. This work demonstrates that anions may serve as an extra designable factor beyond just counterions for functional metal clusters.
Solution‐processed AIEgen NIR OLEDs with EQE Approaching 15 %
Authors: Yu Ying , Xing Hao , Liu Dan , Zhao Mengying , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Xie Guohua , Zhao Zheng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2022

Organic near‐infrared (NIR) luminogens have attracted intensive attention considering their vast potential applications in areas like bioimaging, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and night‐vision telecommunication. However, organic NIR luminogens with high solid quantum efficiencies are scarce, limiting their applications. Here, we reported an electron‐deficient acceptor, BSM, based on dithiafulvalene and benzothiadiazole, which could work as a strong acceptor to produce highly efficient NIR emitters with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property. One of the AIEgens, TBSMCN emitted at 820 nm with a solid quantum yield of 10.7 %. When applied to solution‐processed OLEDs, an outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9.4 % was achieved with a peak wavelength at 728 nm. Moreover, its non‐doped device could achieve an extraordinary EQE of 2.2 % peaking at 804 nm. In the further optimized configuration, when an extra sensitizer was added to harvest triplet excitons, the EQE unprecedentedly soared up to 14.3 % with a peak wavelength of 750 nm.