bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Educate Hospitalized Cardiovascular Disease Patients about Lifestyle and Behavior Modifications
Authors: Saboktakin Atiyeh , Sepehri Mohammad Mehdi , Khasha Roghaye
Published: December 2020

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are always considered by healthcare specialists for different reasons, including extensive prevalence, increased costs, chronicity, and high risk of death. The control of CVDs is highly influenced by behavior and lifestyle and it seems necessary to train special abilities about lifestyle and behavior modification to improve self-care skills for patients, and their caregivers. As a result, the development of effective training systems should be considered by healthcare specialists.Methods: Hence, in this study, a framework for improving cardiovascular patients’ education processes is presented. Initially, an existing training system for cardiovascular patients is reviewed. Using field observations and targeted interviews with hospital experts, all components of its educating processes are identified, and their process maps are drawn up. After that, challenges in the training system are extracted with the aid of in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts. Due to the importance and different influence of the identified challenges, they are prioritized using a Multiple Criteria Decision-making (MCDM) method, and then their root causes were investigated. Finally, a novel framework is proposed and evaluated with hospital experts' help to improve the main challenges.Results: The most important challenges included high nursing workload and shortage of time, lack of understanding of training concepts by patients, lack of attention to training, disruption of the training processes by the patients’ caregivers, and patient's weakness in understanding the standard language. In identifying the root causes, learner, educator, and educational tools are the most effective in the training process; therefore, the improvement scenarios were designed accordingly in the proposed framework.Conclusions: Our study indicated that presenting a framework with applying different quantitative and qualitative methods has great potential to improve the processes of patient education for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease.
Time-varying discrimination accuracy of longitudinal biomarkers for the prediction of mortality compared to assessment at fixed time point in severe burns patients
Authors: Yoon Jaechul , Kym Dohern , Hur Jun , Won Jae Hee , Yim Haejun , Cho Yong Suk , Chun Wook
Published: December 2020

Background: The progression of biomarkers over time is considered an indicator of disease progression and helps in the early detection of disease, thereby reducing disease-related mortality. Their ability to predict outcomes has been evaluated using conventional cross-sectional methods. This study investigated the prognostic performance of biomarkers over time.Methods: Patients aged >18 years admitted to the burn intensive care unit within 24 h of a burn incident were enrolled. Information regarding longitudinal biomarkers, including white blood cells; platelet count; lactate, creatinine, and total bilirubin levels; and prothrombin time (PT), were retrieved from a clinical database. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves using cumulative/dynamic and incident/dynamic (ID) approaches were used to evaluate prognostic performance.Results: Overall, 2259 patients were included and divided into survival and non-survival groups. By determining the area under the curve using the ID approach, platelets showed the highest c-index [0.930 (0.919–0.941)] across all time points. Conversely, the c-index of PT and creatinine levels were 0.862 (0.843–0.881) and 0.828 (0.809–0.848), respectively.Conclusions: Platelet count was the best prognostic marker, followed by PT. Total bilirubin and creatinine levels also showed good prognostic ability. Although lactate was a strong predictor, it showed relatively poor prognostic performance in burns patients.
Behavioral factors associated with utilization of healthcare services among elderly in Pakistan: Evidence from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Naz Lubna , Ghimire Umesh , Zainab Abida
Published: December 2020

Background In Pakistan, health system is facing unprecedented challenges to deal with the healthcare demand of the growing ageing population. Using conceptual framework, this study aims to analyze the factors associated with the utilization of healthcare services in private and public hospitals by the elderly population. Methods This study used a sample of 5,319 individuals aged 60 and above extracted from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2014-15. We followed the Anderson’s Behavioral model of healthcare utilization. The behavioral factors, including predisposing, enabling and need factors, associated with the use of healthcare care were analyzed using exploratory data analysis and binary logistic regressions. The utilization of healthcare service in the study refers to the visits to private and government hospital.Results Out of total 5,319 participants around three-fourth or 72.4% of participants visited private hospitals for their healthcare needs. Multivariate analysis showed that older age-group (80 years and above) and participants from urban were 1.35 and 1.53 times more likely to avail healthcare service in private hospitals, respectively. The elderly persons from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were three times (AOR: 3.29, 95%CI 2.5-4.8) more likely to visit government hospitals than their peers in Punjab. Participants who attended school (AOR: 1.21, 95%CI 0.82-1.31) were more likely to utilize healthcare service in private hospitals. Elders from rich (AOR: 1.04, 95%CI 0.84-1.13) and richest (AOR: 1.29, 95%CI 0.89-1.87) wealth quintiles were more likely to use healthcare in private hospitals. The likelihood of the utilization of healthcare service in private hospitals was 1.7 times higher for three or more consulting visits than the single visit, and 1.5 times higher in the public hospital. Conclusions Our findings underscore a dire need for expanding the outreach of healthcare services for the elderly population. It calls for effective implementation of policies which aim at improving equitable access to private healthcare services, and upgrading of government hospitals Moreover, the knowledge generated through this research may be employed to make social protection programs more responsive to age-related healthcare needs, and focused on caregiving for elderly living without spouse.
Delirium in older patients undergoing aortic valve replacement Incidence, predictors, and cognitive prognosis.
Authors: Humbert Marc , Büla Christophe J , Müller Olivier , Krief Hélène , Monney Pierre
Published: December 2020

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is increasingly performed in frail older patients who were previously ineligible for a standard surgical procedure. The objectives of this study are to determine delirium incidence, predictors, and relationship with cognitive performance at 3-month follow-up in older patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR).Methods: Patients (N=93) aged 70 years and older, undergoing transcatheter (TAVR, N=66) or surgical (SAVR, N=27) aortic valve replacement in an academic medical center were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Data on patients’ socio-demographics, functional status (including instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and surgical risk scores (including Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk score), were collected at baseline. Cognitive status was assessed with the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) at baseline and 3 months after AVR.Results: Delirium occurred in 21 (22.6%) patients, within the first three postoperative days in 95% (20/21) of the cases. Delirium incidence was lower in TAVR (13/66=20%) than SAVR (8/27=30%) patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=.298). Patients with delirium had lower baseline cognitive performance (median MMSE score 27.0±3.0 vs 28.0±3.0, p=.029), lower performance in IADL (7.0 vs 8.0, p=.038), and higher STS risk scores (4.7±2.7 vs 2.9±2.3, p=.020). In multivariate analyses, patients with intermediate (score>3 to ≤8) and high (score>8) STS risk scores had 4.3 (95%CI 1.2-15.1, p=.025) and 16.5 (95%CI 2.0-138.2, p=.010), respectively, higher odds of incident delirium compared to patients with low (score≤3) STS risk scores. At 3-month follow-up (N=77), patients with delirium still had lower MMSE score (27.0±8.0 vs 28.0±2.0, p=.007) but this difference did not remain significant once adjusting for baseline MMSE (β-coefficient 1.11, 95%CI [-3.03-0.80], p=.248). Conclusions: Delirium occurred in about one in five older patients undergoing AVR, almost essentially within the first three postoperative days. Beside cognitive performance, STS risk score could enhance the identification of high-risk older patients to better target preventative interventions.
Development and validation of the Sorting non-trauMatIc adoLescent knEe pain (SMILE) tool – a development and initial validation study
Authors: Guldhammer Clara , Holden Sinead , Sørensen Marina Elmelund , Olesen Jens Lykkegaard , Jensen Martin Bach , Rathleff Michael Skovdal
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the commonality of adolescent knee pain, there are no tools to support medical doctors to correctly diagnose knee pain. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a support tool for diagnosing the most common types of non-traumatic adolescent knee pain.Method: A systematic search on Medline identified the literature on clinical tests and diagnoses of adolescent knee pain. The search was supplemented by textbooks and transformed into a diagnostic flowchart based on onset, symptoms, and pain localisation. This tool was revised based on feedback from general practitioners and experts in sports medicine. The tool was evaluated on two separate days with blinded assessors. Overall, 27 participants (aged 10-17 years) with non-traumatic knee pain were included. All participants were diagnosed by medical doctors or medical students, without and with the use of the tool. Diagnoses were compared to a gold standard (expert clinician). An interview to inform optimisations of the tool was performed with the assessors. Percentage agreement with the gold standard, and Kappa statistic for interrater reliability were calculated.Results: The final tool improved diagnostic agreement with the gold standard from 22.7% (95% CI 10.3-35.1) to 77.3% (95% CI 64.9-89.7). Inter-rater reliability increased from poor agreement k=-0.04 (95% CI, -0.12-0.04) to moderate agreement k=0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.72).Conclusion: This simple diagnostic tool is quick to use and may assist doctors in diagnosing non-traumatic knee pain in adolescents.
Use of a technology-based system to motivate older adults in performing physical activity: a feasibility study.
Authors: Knippenberg Els , Timmermans Annick , Palmaers Steven , Spooren Annemie
Published: December 2020

Background Maintaining or initiating regular physical activity (PA) is important for successful aging. Technology-based systems may support and stimulate older adults to initiate and persevere in performing PA. The aim of the current study was to assess to which extent a customised Kinect system is 1) a credible tool to increase PA in older adults, 2) motivating to perform PA by older adults, and 3) easy to be used in older adults.Methods A mixed-method cross-sectional feasibility study was performed in 5 aged care facilities in Flanders, Belgium. Aged participants were asked to perform a 20-30 minute test with the intelligent Activity-based Client-centred Training (i-ACT) system. After the test, the ‘Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire’ (CEQ), the ‘Intrinsic Motivation Inventory’(IMI), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and semi-structured interviews were conducted in the older adults. Feedback was gathered using the thinking aloud method in both aged participants and healthcare professionals.Results A total of 48 older adults (20 males and 28 females, mean age=81.19 (SD=8.10)), were included. The scores pertaining to system credibility and expectancy, system usability, and motivation towards use were moderate to good. Participants reported that they liked using the i-ACT system, but that the context could be more attractive by adding more visualisations. Twelve professionals stated that they observed involvement in older adults but think that i-ACT is better used in day care centres.Conclusions This study indicates that i-ACT is a usable and motivational system to engage older adults to perform PA and therefore supports successful aging. Future research is necessary to investigate the efficacy of i-ACT to perform PA and the transfer to regain and/or maintain engagement in ADLs that older adults find meaningful and purposeful at an older age. Also, further development of i-ACT is advisable to adapt the i-ACT system towards implementation at the home of older adults.Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov ID NCT04489563, 23 July 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A39C&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0003E6F&ts=37&cx=2jhfvs
Assessment of China’s Contribution to the Regional Network for Asian Schistosomiasis: A Questionnaire survey
Authors: Li Hongmei , Qian Yingjun , Yang Kun , Ding Wei , Huang Lulu , Ma Xuejiao , Duan Lei , Wang Duoquan , Guan Yayi , Xiao Ning , Zhou Xiao-Nong
Published: December 2020

Background: The Regional Network for Asian Schistosomiasis and other Helminth Zoonoses (RNAS+) launched in 1998, has close partnerships with countries where schistosomiasis and other helminthiasis are endemic. RNAS+ has provided an ideal regional platform for experts involved in policy-making, control, and research of parasitic diseases in Asian countries. China, one of the initiating countries, has provided significant technical and financial support to the regional network. Although Chinese institutions provided great technical and resource support toward the RNAS+ development along with other member countries, its role and Chinese scientists or institutions’ contributions have not been evaluated systematically. This study assessed the Chinese contributions in the support of RNAS+ development.Methods: An assessment research framework was planned to evaluate China’s contribution to RNAS+ based on four aspects, including capacity building, funding support, coordination, and cooperation. An anonymous web-based questionnaire was designed to acquire basic information of the respondents, China’s contributions, challenges, and recommendations for RNAS+ development. Each participant scored from 0 to 10 to assess China’s contribution: “0” no contribution, and “10” 100% contribution. Participants who included their e-mail address in the 2017 - 2019 RNAS+ annual workshops were invited to participate the assessment. Results: Of 71 participants enrolled, 41 responded to the survey, 37 (37/41, 90.2%) of whom were from RNAS+ member countries while the remaining 4 (4/41, 9.8%) were international observers. Most respondents (34/41, 82.93%) are familiar with RNAS+. Respondents reported that China’s contributions were mainly in improving of capacity building, providing funding support, responsible of the coordination, and joint application of the cooperation programmes in the development of RNAS+. The average scores of China’s contributions in the above four fields were 8.92, 8.64, 8.75, and 8.67, respectively, with an overall assessment score of 8.81. The challenges of RNAS+ include the lack of sustainable funding and skills, and most participants indicated their continual need of China’s support.Conclusions This survey showed that China plays an important role in the development of RNAS+. This network-type organization for disease control and research can yet be regarded as a great potential pattern for China to enhance regional cooperation. These findings can be used to promote future cooperation between China and other RNAS+ member countries.
Fine-tuning roles of Osa-miR159a in rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and development
Authors: Chen Jin-Feng , Zhao Zhi-Xue , Li Yan , Li Ting-Ting , Zhu Yong , Yang Xue-Mei , Zhou Shi-Xin , Wang He , Zhao Ji-Qun , Pu Mei , Feng Hui , Fan Jing , Zhang Ji-Wei , Hang Yan-Yan , Wang Wenming
Published: December 2020

Background: Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. An increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to fine-tune rice immunity against M. oryzae and coordinate with growth and development.Results: Here, we showed that rice microRNA159a (Osa-miR159a) played a positive role in rice resistance to M. oryzae. The expression of Osa-miR159a was suppressed in a susceptible accession at 12, 24, and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi); it was upregulated in a resistant accession of M. oryzae at 24 hpi. The transgenic rice lines overexpressing Osa-miR159a were highly resistant to M. oryzae. In contrast, the transgenic lines expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM) to block Osa-miR159a showed enhanced susceptibility. Knockout mutations of the target genes of Osa-miR159a, including OsGAMYB, OsGAMYBL, and OsZF, led to resistance to M. oryzae. Alteration of the expression of Osa-miR159a impacted yield traits including pollen and grain development.Conclusions: Our results indicated that Osa-miR159a positively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae by downregulating its target genes. Proper expression of Osa-miR159a was critical for coordinating rice blast resistance with grain development.
Morphological, molecular and ecological characterization of a native isolate of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from southern Chile
Authors: Flores Patricia A , Alvarado Andrea , Lankin Gabriela , Lax Paola , Prodan Simona , Aballay Erwin
Published: December 2020

Background: Steinernema feltiae is an entomopathogenic nematode used in biological control programs with a global distribution. Populations of this species show phenotypic plasticity derived from local adaptation, and vary in different traits, such as location and host penetration. The aim of this work was to describe a Chilean isolate of this nematode species, using integrative approaches.Methods: Nematode morphological and morphometric studies were conducted along with molecular analysis of nuclear genes. The symbiotic bacterium was also identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Some ecological characteristics were described, including the temperature requirements for nematode life cycle and the effect of soil water content for optimal reproduction. Results: Morphometric characterization revealed a large intra-specific variability. The isolate identity was also corroborated with the analysis of nuclear genes. Based on the 16S gene, its symbiont bacteria, Xenorhabdus bovienii, was identified. The lowest, optimal and highest temperatures found to limit the infestation and reproduction on Galleria mellonella were 10, 20 and 30 °C respectively; the emergence from the host larvae occurred approximately ten days after inoculation. Differences were observed in offspring, and 120 infective juveniles (IJ)/larva was the most prolific dose at 20 °C. The soil water content did not affect the number of IJ invaders, penetration efficacy and IJ emergence time or offspring per larva, but it caused a delay in achieving full mortality at the permanent wilting point with respect to saturation and field capacity.Conclusions: For the first time, a Chilean isolate of S. feltiae is described in detail considering morphological, molecular and ecological aspects. The isolate showed to be efficient in soil containing water, with optimal temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 °C for host infestation and production of an abundant offspring; these characteristics would allow its potential use as control agents in a wide geographical area of the country
Hukum Seputar Darah Perempuan dalam Islam
Authors: Sa'adah Naila , Zafi Ashif Az
Published: December 2020

Abstrak: Membahas mengenai hukum darah perempuan yaitu haid, istihadhah, dan nifas adalah materi yang sangat perlu dibahas karena pembahasan ini sangat bermanfaat dan sering ditanyakan oleh kaum hawa. Pembahasan tentang darah perempuan ini pun, ada yang menganggap bahwa pembahasan yang paling sulit dalam hal fiqih. Haid, istihadhah, dan nifas adalah kodrat yang dianugerahkan kepada kaum hawa sehingga pembahasan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi kaum hawa, bahwa setiap perempuan tidak boleh bodoh dalam masalah ini. Perkara ini berpengaruh kepada sah tidaknya sebuah ibadah karena berhubungan dengan suci dari hadats dan najis. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan keilmuan yang lebih luas kepada pembaca mengenai haid, istihadhah, dan nifas. Dalam penulisan artikel ini, penulis memaparkan dan menejelaskan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan haid, istihadhah, dan nifas, secara sistematis yang akan memudahkan pembaca dalam memahaminya. Sehingga dapat mengimplementasikanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Sehingga data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer yang didapat dari buku dan sumber data sekunder sebagai pelengkap dan penunjang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu dengan kajian literatur mengenai haid, istihadhah, dan nifas.
STRATEGIC FAMILY THERAPY UNTUK MENYELESAIKAN KONFLIK KELUARGA
Authors: Sandyarini Afinia
Published: December 2020

Subjek adalah sebuah keluarga yang mengalami konflik sejak awal pernikahan hingga saat ini. Sering bertengkarnya ayah dan ibu disebabkan karena kurangnya komunikasi dan menyebabkan keluarga kurang memiliki intesitas untuk berkumpul bersama-sama. Hal ini dipicu karena ayah yang berselingkuh dan memiliki anak dari hasil perselingkuhannya dan ibu juga membalasnya dengan memiliki pasangan selingkuh, sehingga membuat permasalahan dalam keluarga tak kunjung selesai. Prosedur pengumpulan data dengan wawancara dan observasi. Tujuan pemberian intervensi adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan Strategic family therapy dapat menangani permasalahan di dalam keluarga. Hasilnya menunjukkan perubahan yang positif dimana semua anggota keluarga subjek membuat kesepakatan berdamai untuk kepentingan dan kenyamanan bersama.
NILAI KETEKUNAN PADA DINDANG KEPADA ANAK PADA MASYARAKAT BANJAR HULU SUNGAI TENGAH KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Aulia Siti , Agustin Haslinda Yasti
Published: December 2020

Tujuan artikel ini memberikan gambaran tentang internalisasi nilai ketekunan pada kegiatan dindang. Ruang lingkup meliputi nilai ketekunan dan kegiatan dindang sebelum tidur. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan triangulasi data. Nilai guna sebagai gambaran nilai ketekunan pada kegiatan dindang dan sebagai sebuah pendidikan literasi sastra, serta pembelajaran literasi dini di Sekolah Dasar.
PELAKSANAAN PENILAIAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR SELAMA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Kisno Kisno , Turmudi Turmudi , Fatmawati Nia
Published: December 2020

Penilaian merupakan salah satu komponen dalam kegiatan pembelajaran guna mengetahui ketercapaian dan keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar.  Sangat penting bagi seorang guru untuk melaksanakan penilaian belajar dalam kondisi apapun sehingga dapat memanfaatkan hasil penilaian tersebut untuk perbaikan dan pencapaian tujuan belajar yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) memberikan gambaran mengenai pelaksanaan penilaian dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dilakukan oleh guru sekolah dasar di Lampung pada masa pandemic covid-19, (2) mengetahui kendala dan hambatan guru sekolah dasar di Lampung dalam melaksanakan penilaian matematika pada masa pandemic covid-19. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui kuisioner, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan penilaian yang dilakukan oleh guru sekolah dasar di Lampung dalam pembelajaran matematika pada masa pandemic cukup dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Meskipun demikian, ditemukan guru mengalami kendala dalam melaksanakan penilaian matematika di masa pandemic covid-19, mulai dari kesulitan menilai pemahaman konseptual matematika siswa hingga pada keputusan menentukan nilai akhir semester di masa pandemi covid-19.
STEREOTIP GENDER PADA ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF KETAHANAN SOSIAL
Authors: Zulfiyan Ahmad
Published: December 2020

The social-relational lives of girls and boys often experience various problems of gender injustice, which are manifested in the form of gender stereotyping. This paper aims to analyze aspects of gender stereotyping and their implications for social resilience in children in the context of relations between girls and boys and their environment. The data collection relies on the literature study and interviews with one expert who is an lecturer as well as a child rights activist. This paper explains that gender stereotype has been done since childhood, even before the child is born. The stereotype is perpetuated through various socializations: through families, schools, and the general public environment. Gender stereotype has an impact on children's social resilience, particularly how children react in society. The difference of perceptions in children with society expectations makes them feel confused and uncomfortable with themself.
Makna Pernikahan pada Wanita yang Menikah Usia Dini
Authors: Massinai Sitti Muthia Maghfirah
Published: December 2020

Remaja memiliki tugas perkembangan yaitu bergaul dengan teman sebaya, mencari identitas diri, dan eksplorasi lingkungan. Meskipun demikian, masih banyak remaja yang memutuskan untuk menikah di usia yang masih belia. Sementara, menjalin hubungan intimasi dengan lawan jenis merupakan tugas perkembangan masa dewasa awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi makna pernikahan bagi wanita yang menikah di usia < 19 tahun. Partisipan penelitian adalah tiga wanita yang menikah di usia < 19 tahun, telah memiliki anak, dan berdomisili di Kota Makassar bersama suaminya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data penelitian diperoleh menggunakan interview semi-terstruktur dan diolah menggunakan analisis data Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: a) Perasaan saling suka merupakan hal mendasar yang melatarbelakangi remaja menikah dini; b) Kesiapan pernikahan ditandai dengan durasi pacaran yang lama dan belief akan proses lamaran; c) Perubahan yang terjadi sebelum dan setelah menikah menimbulkan berbagai jenis emosi. Terlebih pada perubahan pada pergaulan dengan teman sebaya memunculkan emosi negatif; d) Coping strategy yang kurang tepat membuat masalah yang terjadi dalam kehidupan pernikahan tidak terselesaikan dengan baik; serta e) Aspek spritual memainkan peranan besar dalam membentuk komitmen pernikahan.
KARAKTER MASKULIN DAN FEMINIM TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM PERPEKTIF DONGENG DAERAH NTT
Authors: Moon Yuliana Jetia
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dibangun dengan pertanyaan mendasar, “Apakah benar masyarakat patrilineal di NTT zaman dahulu telah membangun mindset bahwa perempuan ditakdirkan harus berkarakter feminim di dalam dirinya?” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan karakter maskulin dan karakter feminim pada tokoh perempuan di dalam dongeng-dongeng daerah NTT.  Teknik penyediaan data ditempuh peneliti melalui studi pustaka. Analisis data meliputi tahap membaca, mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, dan menginterpretasi, dan menyajikan hasil analisis data. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah dongeng-dongeng daerah NTT yang secara dominan menempatkan tokoh perempuan di dalam cerita. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pengelompokan karakter maskulin dan feminim yang ditampilkan di dalam dongeng sangat bias. Garis identifikasi karakter yang harus ada pada laki-laki dan karakter yang harus ada pada perempuan bersifat luas atau tidak ketat. Data-data dalam dongeng yang menujukkan karakter maskulin pada tokoh perempuan sebanyak 69%, sedangkan data yang menunjukkan karakter feminim sebanyak 31%. Berdasarkan pada hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa perempuan, di dalam dongeng-dongeng NTT, digambarkan memiliki sisi maskulinitas. Dalam banyak hal, tokoh perempuan digambarkan memiliki kesamaan ciri dengan laki-laki, seperti berprestasi, memiliki relasi, independen, memiliki keberanian, dan menolak penindasan.
مقایسھ زیبایی شناسی در غزل ھای سعدی و حافظ با تکیھ بر گل و بلب ل
Authors: AVCIOĞLU Gamze Gizem
Published: December 2020

بلکھ با غزلیات یکی از بزرگترین شاعران است کھ در قرن سیزدھم « گلستان » و « بوستان » سعدی شیراز ی نھ تنھا بازندگی کرده است. حافظ شیرازی ھم با اشعارغنایی در ادبیات فارسی جایگاه مھمی دارد کھ در قرن چھاردھم زندگی کرده و نامشتاکنون جاودانھ مانده است. ھر دو شاعر بر ادبیات ترکی، فارسی و غربی تأثیرژرفی گذاشتھ اند.اگر چھ سعدی و حافظ از لحاظموضوعی کھ دراشعارشان بحث کردند شبیھ یکدیگر ھستند ولی سعدی بھ مفھوم سفت، حافظ بھ مفھوم انتزاعی ت وجھ بیشتری کردهاست. شعریت حافظ بیشتر در معنی است و شعریت سعدی بیشتر در لفظ. موضوعات در غزلیات سعدی با سبک ساده ولی درغزلیات حافظ با آزایھ ھای بیشتر پرداخت شده است.بنابرین غزلیات این دو شاعر را از لحاظ زیبایی شناسی بررسی کردیم بنابرینممکن است کھ تفاوت ھا و شباھت ھا را با ھم ببینیم.در این مقالھ، اول در مورد "زیبایی شناسی" و " زیبایی شناسی در شعر"اطلاع داده شده است و بعد درباره سبک سعدی و حافظ ، تفاوت ھا و شباھت ھای مضمون ھای گل و بلبل در غزلیات ایشان بحثشده است. این تفاوت ھا در غزلیات شاعر ھا در نحوه کارآنھا دیده می شود. گل و بلبل از لحاظ زیبایی شناسی در زیر چندینعنوان کار شده است بدین ترتیب نشان دادن کاربردی ھای مختلف گل وبلبل در غزلیات سعدی و حافظ تلاش شده اس ت.
19. Yüzyıl Divan Şairi Hilmî Kıbrısî Efendi’nin Şiirlerinde Tasavvuf İzleri
Authors: ÖKSÜZOĞLU İkbal , GOLKARİAN Ghadir
Published: December 2020

19. yüzyıl Divan edebiyatının tanınmış şairlerinden Hilmî Kıbrısî Efendi, 1783’te Kıbrıs’ta doğmuştur. İyi bir eğitim aldığı, Arapça ve Farsça dillerine hakim, alim bir kişi olduğu kaynaklarda belirtilmiştir. Hilmî Kıbrısî Efendi, uzun yıllar Kıbrıs’ta müftülük, Büyük Medrese’de müderrislik, II. Mahmut Kütüphanesi’nde kütüphane nazırlığı ve şeyh seb’alık görevlerini ifa etmiştir. Tasavvuf, Türklerin İslamiyeti kabulüyle Orta Asya’da yayılmış ve Orta Asya’dan göç eden dervişlerle birlikte Anadolu’ya ulaşmıştır. Kıbrıs’ın Türkler tarafından 1571’de fethiyle Anadolu’dan Kıbrıs’a iskan edilenler arasında bulunan Mevlevi şeyhleri ile de tasavvuf adaya gelmiştir. Kıbrıs’ta 1593 yılında inşa edilen Lefkoşa Mevlevihanesi, tasavvufun adada gelişip yaygınlaşmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Divan şairleri din, tasavvuf, aşk ve tarikat unsurlarını şiirlerinde işlerken, Hilmî Kıbrısî Efendi de geleneğe uyarak Divançe’sinde bu unsurları kullanmıştır. Lefkoşa Mevlevihanesi’nde sıklıkla düzenlenen ayinlerde şeyhler tarafından Mevlana şiirlerinin okunması Hilmî Kıbrısî Efendi’yi etkilemiş ve onun tasavvuf özellikleri taşıyan şiirler kaleme almasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada Hilmî Kıbrısî Efendi’nin şiirlerine yansıyan tasavvuf özellikleri incelecektir.
5. ve 7. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Unsurları
Authors: YILDIZ Derya , CERAN Dilek
Published: December 2020

“Somut olmayan kültürel miras” terimi, UNESCO’nun “kültürel mirasın korunması” için yürüttüğü programlar sırasında ortaya çıkmıştır. UNESCO, somut olmayan kültürel mirası, özelde ait olduğu topluluğun genelde ise insanlığın ortak mirası olarak kabul eder. Somut olmayan kültürel mirasın korunması, bu değerlerin sürdürülebilir olmasına bağlıdır. Bu da somut olmayan kültürel mirasın genç kuşaklara anlatılmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle eğitim sistemlerinin kültürel mirası korumak için farkındalık oluşturmaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacını, 5. ve 7. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan somut olmayan kültürel miras unsurlarının incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Verilerden, gerektiğinde alıntılar yapılmıştır. UNESCO ile Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığının Ulusal Envanterlerinde yer alan ve her iki sınıf kitabında yer alan unsurlar: Mevlevi Sema Töreni, Kırkpınar Yağlı Güreş Festivali, Dede Korkut Mirası: Destan, Masal ve Müzik, Türk Kahvesi Kültürü ve Geleneği; sadece 5. Sınıfta yer alan unsurlar: Alevi-Bektaşi Ritüeli: Semah, Âşıklık Geleneği, Geleneksel Çini Ustalığı; sadece 7. Sınıfta yer alan unsurlar: Ebru: Türk Kâğıt Süsleme Sanatı, Bahar Kutlaması: Hıdrellez’dir. Bulgulara göre Türkçe ders kitaplarında somut olmayan kültürel miras unsurlarına daha fazla yer verilmesi gerektiği belirtilebilir.
Aircraft Noise Levels, Annoyance and General Health of Residents of Communities contiguous to a Major Airport in Lagos State
Authors: Elechi Iheanyichukwu M.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the aircraft noise exposure, annoyance reactions and health status of the residents living within the vicinity of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport (MMA) in Lagos state, Nigeria. Aircraft noise monitoring was conducted in five locations within the vicinity (0-5Km) of MMA, and a sixth distant location (14km away). Levels of aircraft noise for all five locations within the vicinity of the airport exceeded the EPA Victoria threshold of 75 dB LAmax for the residential area (outdoor). A survey on annoyance induced by aircraft noise exposure and general health status was conducted on 450 local residents in the study locations using the International Commission on Biological Effect of Noise question and a single question that has been applied in Dutch national health care surveys since 1983 on self-reported general health status respectively. Percentage of residents within the vicinity of MMA that were highly annoyed (%HA) exceeded 15% guideline limit stipulated by Federal Interagency Committee on Urban Noise while 14.5% reported poor health status. There was a significant association between the annoyance reactions and aircraft noise levels in the study locations while the association between self-reported health status and aircraft noise levels was not significant. Taken together, the residents within the vicinity of the airport are exposed to aircraft noise levels above permissible limit which may be associated with high annoyance reaction but may not be associated with poor health rating. Evidence-based aircraft noise related policies by government are advocated.
Environmental sustainability: a review of the water–energy–food nexus
Authors: Zarei Soheila , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Kheirinejad Shima , Loáiciga Hugo A.
Published: December 2020

Water, energy, and food are primary resources on which human life is dependent. This paper presents a review of the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus considering the environmental impacts generated by humans' reliance on water, energy, and food for their subsistence. Our review assesses the WEF with respect to the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors and their use of water, energy, and food. The multi-sectorial assessment addresses options for improved management that avoids or mitigates adverse impacts in the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors. Activities such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural sector, for instance, cause water, air, and soil pollution, which leads to social calamities and environmental degradation. Therefore, examining the effects of mismanagement in one sector on other sectors from the perspective of the WEF nexus is necessary for improved resource management and environmental protection. A literature review revealed that factors or practices of resources use influence sectors differently and with varying degrees of effectiveness in reducing the environmental damage caused by resources use. Improved social awareness on resource consumption, the use of renewable energy, improved energy efficiency, the reduction of food waste, improved animal husbandry, and other factors involved in the WEF nexus are herein examined. This paper's analysis demonstrates that every action and manner of resource use in one sector also affects other sectors and their resources use, thus calling for a unified analysis of the WE nexus.
Potential of ceramic and biosand water filters as low-cost point-of-use water treatment options for household use in Nigeria
Authors: Erhuanga Ebele , Banda Maingaila Moono , Kiakubu Doutimiye , Kashim Isah Bolaji , Ogunjobi Bioye , Jurji Zaid , Ayoola Ibukunoluwa , Soboyejo Winston
Published: December 2020

Many households in Nigeria lack access to safe drinking water. Sixty-three percent (63%) of the nation's population live in rural areas where only 3% of households have access to safely managed drinking water. This suggests an urgent need for intervention to offer sustainable solutions to drinking water needs at household levels. An operational research was commissioned by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Nigeria to generate evidence to inform and guide Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programming on household water quality. This involved an assessment of local manufacturing of household water filters; factors influencing social acceptability and market opportunities for clay and biosand water filters in Nigeria. Implementation of the research recommendations by the filter factories resulted in improved bacterial removal efficiency (>97%) in filters. Factors such as filter design and efficiency were shown to influence acceptability of filters, which influenced the price at which users were willing to pay for the filters in the study areas. The market research indicated low popularity of the filters due to lack of promotion and marketing of the water filters. The research outcomes show great potential for sustainability and marketability of clay and biosand water filters for household water treatment in Nigeria.
Classification of Russian regions taking into account the structure of informal employment and the level of socio-economic development
Authors: Dubravskaya E. I.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. The possibilities for the implementation of national and regional strategic objectives depend on the compliance of the measures taken with the chosen development path. The set of measures includes managerial decisions in the field of labor market regulation and concerning the legalization of informal employment. To make managerial decisions on the regulation of the labor market at the regional level, an objective statistical assessment of the relationship between informal employment and indicators of socio-economic development is required.

The information basis for the regulation of informal employment should be quantitatively assessed stable regularities of the relationship between the parameters of informal employment and the structural and dynamic characteristics of economic growth and development. To identify and evaluate these statistical patterns, based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service in a regional context, a system of statistical indicators has been developed and significant factors of informal employment and socio-economic development have been identified. Given the heterogeneity of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the scale and structure of informal employment, the distribution of regions into homogeneous groups is required. The article describes the approaches to the classification of Russian regions, taking into account the level of socio-economic development and the structure of informal employment.

Materials and methods. The article examines an approach to the distribution of regions into homogeneous groups using the methods of cluster analysis based on a group of indicators characterizing those employed in the informal sector, which is based on the assumption that the indicators of informal employment are causally related to indicators of socio-economic development.

Results. Five groups of regions are obtained, homogeneous in terms of the structural characteristics of informal employment and generalized factors of socio-economic development. For the purposes of further interpretation, the selected groups are assessed and ranked relative to the average Russian level of socio-economic development: low level (8 regions), below average (26 regions), average (41 regions), above average (8 regions), high level (2 regions) ...

Conclusion. The resulting classification of Russian regions is a transitional stage to the construction of an econometric model of the relationship between informal employment and indicators of socio-economic development. Further analysis will allow us to assess which indicators have the greatest multiplier effect on the regional economy and to obtain a quantitative assessment of this impact on its growth.
Statistics as a Mirror of Being
Authors: Karmanov M. V.
Published: December 2020

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Using Statistical Estimates in the Game with Nature as an Investment Model
Authors: Gorelik V. A. , Zolotova T. V.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to develop new principles of decision making (principles of optimality) in games with nature and their application to analyze statistical data and choose strategies for stock investment.

Materials and methods. We analyze Russian and foreign bibliography on the research problem. A model of decision making in a game with nature with known state probabilities is proposed. The mathematical expectation of the player's payoff is taken as an assessment of efficiency, and the standard deviation or variance is taken as a risk assessment. This two-criterion task is formalized by transferring the efficiency assessment into a constraint. As a result, for the case of mixed strategies, a nonlinear (quadratic) task of mathematical programming arises. To solve it, an approach based on the Lagrange function and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions is used. As an application of the methods obtained, the problems of stock investment are considered.

Results. Analytical methods for solving the indicated optimization problem and an algorithm for finding optimal mixed strategies are obtained. Practical examples of application of the proposed approach on real statistical data are given. As the initial data in this study, we used stock quotes of Russian companies in the electric power industry for the period from 01.07.2020 to 01.10.2020, taken from the website of the FINAM Investment Company. The developed method allows one to find the optimal strategy and the corresponding values of profitability and risk based on only the initial data (statistical characteristics of financial instruments and the threshold value of profitability), i.e. provides, in our opinion, a convenient analysis tool for the investor.

Conclusion. The concept of the principle of optimality in decision making problems under conditions of incomplete information is very ambiguous. The decision maker should be able to choose from a range of decision making models that reflect the dependence of the type of rational behavior on the available information and the attitude to risk. The paper proposes a model of this type for the case of probabilistic uncertainty, which leads to the problem of minimizing variance as a risk assessment with a lower bound on the mathematical expectation as an assessment of efficiency.
Chronic kidney disease in a dog of the Teckel breed: case report
Authors: Moraes Reiner Silveira de , Severino Neto Antônio Carlos , Germano Gabriel Lopes , Ferraz Henrique Trevizoli , Romani Alana Flávia
Published: December 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease characterized by the gradual and functional loss of renal mass, affecting its physiology leading to clinical manifestations. The CKD reaches dogs of several breeds causing important clinical alterations. Some laboratory tests are determinant for the correct diagnosis and thus for the implementation of the most appropriate treatment. The urinalysis, urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC) evaluation, urea, and creatinine dosage together with the symmetric dimethylarginine dosage (SDMA), urinary tract ultrasonography and blood pressure monitoring, are the main methods used for diagnosis. In this way, this work aimed to report a case of CKD in a Teckel dog attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (UFJ), discussing the main clinical manifestations, laboratory, and image alterations, as well as the correct staging according to IRIS (Interest Renal International Society), from which the best treatment option to be adopted is determined.
Using 3D computed tomography in the anatomical description of the eye and the vestibulocochlear organ of a blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna Linnaeus, 1758) and of a toucan (Ramphastos toco Statius Muller, 1776)
Authors: Massari Catia Helena de Almeida Lima , Silva Adriano Ferreira , Magalhães Henrique Inhauser Riceti , Silva Dara Rúbia Souza , Sasahara Tais Harumi de Castro , Miglino Maria Angélica
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Computed Tomography to study the anatomy of the eye and the vestibulocochlear organ of the wild birds. For this purpose, formaldehyde-embalmed specimens of a toucan and of a blue-and-yellow macaw were submitted to a whole-body scan by a 64 slice-Multidetector CT yielding 0,7mm-thick transversally oriented images. These were reconstructed by specific software that produced additional images in dorsal, transversal, and sagittal planes, as well as three-dimensional images, which were obtained by two techniques: Maximum Intensity Projection and Volume Rendering. Our study found that the eye bulbs in the orbit occupy a proportionally large space in the skull, highlighting the important role that vision plays in these animals. CT provided gross anatomic information about the size and shape of the eye, such as lenses and scleral rings of these birds. Regarding the vestibulocochlear organ, CT was less likely to identify the inner ear structures, especially the ones of the membranous labyrinth. The bony semicircular canals were clearly seen and in the middle ear, thecolumellawas identified. Our results demonstrate that the vestibulocochlear organ of birds is less complex than that of mammals, although, as expected, the semicircular canals are very well developed, being adapted to the accurate balance present in these animals.CT can be used as a good technique to evaluate eye and ear structures on these birds, and can be useful to study them in vivofor pathological conditions or for comparisons between different species.
Veterinary assistance and knowledge of farmers about antimicrobials in Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Silva Damila Batista Caetano , Cruz Amanda Ferreira , Queiroz Paulo José Bastos , Silva Danilo Conrado , Arnhold Emmanuel , Silva Luiz Antônio Franco da
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of veterinary care on milk production and quality variables in rural properties of Goiás. The objective was also to verify the farmers' knowledge on antimicrobials. A total of 132 farms were visited in the state of Goiás, where interviews were carried out in order to characterize the farm, the influence of veterinary assistance on productive and sanitary aspects, and the way antimicrobials were used. Pearson's chi-square test (χ2) was used to verify the dependency or independence of variables. It was verified that 55.3% of the farms had dairy production below 250 L per day. However, 60.2% of the total milk produced on the 132 farms visited came from only 15 farms (11.4%), with production above 1,000 L per day. Veterinary assistance was present in 56% of the farms and a significant association was identified between veterinary assistance and the variables: type of farm (p = 0.025), husbandry system (p = 0.015), number of milkings per day (p = 0.0007), daily production per cow (p = 0.0006), and antimicrobial prescription (p < 0.0001). The farmers know that milk with antimicrobial residues must be discarded; however, they do not do it properly. Farms with lower average daily production per cow showed higher use of antimicrobials on their own initiative (p = 0.02). With urgency, the expansion of technical assistance and training of farmers regarding milk production is required to prevent risks associated with public health in Goiás.