bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the hearing threshold using high frequency audiometry in medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Pooja Pradeep , Sridevi Karuthedeth , Thomas Anie Melootil , Rajagopalan Vinayakumar Ariyamparampil , Arun Pulakkil
Published: October 2018

Background: Effect on sensorineural hearing loss by low dose ionizing radiation exposure in radiation workers has been rarely evaluated. A case control study was done among the radiation associated workers and normal subjects.

Methods: The study was designed in low dose of radiation exposing healthy medical personnel. Age and sex matched healthy control group of subjects were selected. Groups were evaluated by normal otoscopic evaluation; normal tuning fork test and normal standard pure tone audiogram at frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz. They underwent impedance audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and high frequency audiometry (from frequencies 10000 to 20000 Hz) was done.  

Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the results of impedance audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and standard pure tone audiogram from 250 to 8000 Hz between cases and controls. In the high frequency range, statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.0001). Mean thresholds were higher at all frequencies in cases compared to controls, except at 4000 Hz. A statistically significant correlation was found between duration of exposure and thresholds at 500 Hz (p=0.014) and 10000 Hz (p=0.048). Tinnitus, vertigo, ear block, hard of hearing and loss of appetite were seen more in cases, but was not significant.

Conclusions: Taking account of the very low incidence of nerve and parathyroid injury in this series, the authors suggest that meticulous capsular dissection is superior to dissection of the entire nerve in avoiding transcient nerve damage as well as temporary hypocalcemia. However it is stated that a deliberate search for the nerve is definitely indicated in cases where there is likely to be distorted anatomy, as in infiltrating malignancies and recurrent thyroidectomies.
Iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: a retrospective study
Authors: Thamizharasan P. , Madanagopal R.
Published: October 2018

Background: Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is mostly iatrogenic following thyroidectomy. Our study aims at defining need for tracheostomy, timing of intervention and best method to achieve permanent treatment in cases of iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Methods: In past four years we did 34 total thyroidectomy surgeries, all patients were female between 21-65 years of age. Common indications were multi nodular goiter 25 cases, papillary carcinoma thyroid 7 cases and follicular neoplasm 2 cases. 5 patients developed bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, of which 3 were multi nodular goiter cases and papillary carcinoma thyroid 2 cases.  

Results: 5 out of 34 (14.7%) patients developed bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. 3 patients had complete bilateral abductor paralysis. 1 patient had bilateral abductor paresis and 1 patient had all bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve injury causing combined paralysis of vocal cord. Other 3 patients with bilateral abductor paralysis, 1 patient was not willing for tracheostomy and 2 patients underwent tracheostomy. Of those with tracheostomy, one had partial recovery after one year and tracheostomy was removed. The other patient had coblation arytenoidectomy.

Conclusions: In bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, Tracheostomy to be done if airway is compromised. Patients with pathological laryngeal electromyographic findings at least two months after the paresis need laryngeal framework surgery. Endoscopic cordotomy is the preferred intervention for long-term management.
Micro flap technique: a novel approach for the management of a large epiglottic cyst
Authors: Prasad K. C. , Gopinath Indu Varsha
Published: October 2018

Epiglottic cyst is a not an unusual disease in the larynx. Although the lesion is benign, airway obstruction may occur due to a large cyst both in children and adults. Therefore it should to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of stridor or difficulty in breathing. Common treatment modalities in dealing with these epiglottic cysts are endoscopic excision, marsupialization and even external approaches through neck in cases of very large cysts, complete Excision is usually the treatment of choice, with low recurrence. We report a case of a 38 years old man who presented with progressive difficulty in breathing, foreign body sensation and difficulty to swallow and the cyst was completely excised by s new micro flap technique, using both endoscope and microscope. The new method of excision of cyst after elevating the micro flaps and redraping on the raw surface causes faster healing process, less post operative edema and less post operative symptoms. The patient was discharged third day after the surgery without any complications. 
Modified transnasal endoscopic repair of bilateral choanal atresia with pulmonary atresia
Authors: Reddy Chandra Shekar , Ramalingam Natarajan , Hegde Jyotirmay S. , Saxena Sunil Kumar
Published: October 2018

Congenital choanal atresia is due to failure in the development of communication between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in newborns. This condition is life threatening when it is bilateral and causes severe respiratory distress immediately after birth as children are obligatory nose breathers. We present a one day old child who presented to us with severe respiratory distress, which we diagnosed as choanal atresia. The child also had tertology of fallot with pulmonary atresia and had to be intubated as oxygen saturation was not adequate. Surgery was undertaken on emergency basis on day one of life which helped in extubation of the child. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis of a case bilateral choanal atresia, and also the importance of early surgery which can lead to significant improvement.
Study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Mahitha Devi M. , Krishnam Raju P. V. , Gopal K. V. T. , Narayana Rao T.
Published: October 2018

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male pattern baldness has a prevalence of up to 50% in men worldwide. It occurs in most patients before the age of 40 years. It is characterized by a progressive conversion of terminal hair into miniaturized hair defined by various patterns. Various studies have shown that androgenetic alopecia have significant physical and psychological morbidity and a lowered dermatological life quality index.

Methods: The study included 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of AGA and 75 age and sex matched controls. After taking complete history, general examination and thorough dermatological examination was performed in all cases to grade the severity of AGA. Fasting serum samples were taken from all cases and controls and assayed for fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Programme’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Metabolic syndrome was seen in 25 cases (33.3%) compared to 11 controls (14%), which was statistically significant (p=0.007). Statistically significant increased prevalence of raised TGL levels (p=0.002), raised LDL levels (p=0.024), low HDL levels (p=0.0001), diabetes mellitus (p=0.004) was also observed in AGA.

Conclusions: There is a clear association between AGA and MS and there is statistically significant prevalence of MS in patients with increasing severity and duration of AGA. Screening is required for early detection of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and MS in all patients of AGA to prevent long-term morbidity.
Study of dermatological manifestations amongst patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kadam Manish , Kadam Pranita
Published: October 2018

Background: The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in India is increasing with an estimated annual incidence of about 100 per million populations. Hemodialysis is one of the therapeutic modalities which can improve the survival in these patients. About 50–100% of patients with ESRD have at least one associated cutaneous change Skin problems are common and diverse in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among those on hemodialysis. Objective was to study dermatologic manifestations among patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.

Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted in 77 consecutive chronic kidney disease patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis for more than 3 months at Manik Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

Results: Out of 77 patients, 51 (66.23) of males and 26 (23.67) of females were examined. Male: Female ratio was 1.96: 1. The mean age was 51.17±15.22 years. Seventy three (94.08) patients had at-least one skin manifestation. Xerosis was the commonest manifestation (87.01), followed by pruritus (57.14). Cutaneous infections were noted in 55.84% patients. Fungal infections were more common with 27.27%. Mild xerosis was noted in 55.84% patients, 24.67% patients were moderate and whereas severe xerosis was noted in 6.49% patients.

Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease patients have prolonged life expectancy due to hemodialysis, hence they should be looked for presence of various skin manifestations which can affect the usual work and cause sleep disturbance which adds to the morbidity and mortality.
Treatment of periungual warts: comparison of topical 5% 5-fluorouracil and intralesional purified protein derivative in a South Indian teaching hospital
Authors: S. Durgadevi , P. Shridharan
Published: October 2018

Background: Verrucae or warts are common skin lesions caused by the human papilloma virus. Treatment of warts, particularly those in the periungual region is usually difficult, exhibiting resistance. Available conventional treatment modalities offer little hope in curing periungual warts. Thus, there is a need for a simple, reliable, non-expensive treatment for periungual warts. Aim was to determine and compare the efficacy of intralesional immunotherapy using purified protein derivative (PPD) and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) under tape occlusion for the treatment of periungual warts.

Methods: In this prospective comparative study, Group 1 (PPD) patients, intralesional injection of PPD is given in a randomly selected lesion every 3 weeks for a maximum of six sittings. For Group 2 (topical 5% 5-FU under tape occlusion), patients are advised to apply 5% 5-FU under occlusion on the lesion(s) selected for study during the night and left for 12 hours. This is done for 3 months. After completion of the treatment and after the declaration of the cure – follow-up is done for the next three months to look for recurrence.

Results: Intralesional PPD had a significantly higher cure rate (88%) than that of topical 5-fluorouracil under occlusion (20%). The mean time taken for the resolution of the periungual warts was 6.6 weeks for intralesional PPD compared to 9.8 weeks for topical 5-fu under tape occlusion.

Conclusions: The cure rate of intralesional PPD group (88%) was much higher than that of topical 5% 5-fluorouracil under tape occlusion group (20%). In the PPD group, the younger patients responded well and faster. There was no difference in cure rate among age groups in 5 FU group.
Iron-deficiency and pruritus: a possible explanation of their relationship
Authors: Tammaro Antonella , Chello Camilla , Di Fraia Marco , Giordano Domenico , Magri Francesca , Zollo Verdiana , Parisella Francesca Romana , De Marco Gabriella
Published: October 2018

Pruritus of unknown origin is defined as itching lasting for more than 3 weeks without a clear identifiable cause. Aetiology of itching is wide ranging and includes chronic renal failure, cholestasis and internal malignancy. Iron deficiency has been described to be causative of pruritus but the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. We report the case of a female patient with iron deficiency anemia and generalized pruritus, resolved after intravenous administration of iron-complex supplements and we explained a possible mechanism between this association.
A case of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of gougeret and carteaud
Authors: Rai Tulika , Vishwakarma Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2018

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) of Gougerot and Carteaud, a rare skin disorder of unknown etiology, was first described in 1927. It is an uncommon but distinctive icthyosiform dermatosis seen in young adults. It is characterized by persistent brown, scaly macules, papules, patches and plaques, localized predominantly on the neck, intermammary, interscapular regions and axillae. There are numerous therapeutic options - topical retinoids and systemic retinoids, oral antibiotics but none are very effective. We report this case because of its rarity.
EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS METHODS FOR THE TERMINOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF RELATED SUBJECT AREAS
Authors:   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubanov D. , Novikov D. ,   Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2018

We suggest an automated expert approach to extract terminological structures from monographs. It is postulated that the content of scientific subject area is fully reflected in some monograph, it allows to extract and analyze terminological structures without using a pre-prepared corpus of specialized domain documents. Within the framework of the approach, we consider the procedure of iterative extraction and analysis of terminological structures that regulates the work of an expert with a monograph and allows him to control the process. Comparative analysis methods for the terminology structures of two related subject areas are proposed. The possibilities of the developed approach are demonstrated on the example of the general methodology and methodology of complex activities.
THE USE OF ONTOLOGY APPROACH FOR AIRCRAFT DISPLAY DESIGN
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Gorelov Y. , Kiselev S. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: October 2018

The authors suggest an ontological approach to the creation of expert decision-making support system for aircraft displays’ schematic conceptual design. Protégé, an open-source ontology design software, is used to develop display ontology. An implementation of fuzzy logic in display of ontology using SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) is shown. Structure of relationships between objects in fuzzy ontology is presented schematically. SQWRL (Semantic Query Web Rule Language) is used to perform a query in display design recommendation. As an example, a recommendation feature to give display backlight design recommendation by few factors, such as display diagonal and brightness level, is developed using fuzzy ontology. Membership functions are defined in Protégé editor by putting the property values along with the property. The defuzzification process is based on the set of “IF-TO” fuzzy rules that are used for the calculation of total recommendation crisp value. SWRL built-in functions are used to simulate the calculation process. An implementation of expert system recommendation is illustrated in the aircraft display design projects, in particular, the design of backlight module is given. Using an ontology with fuzzy logic in aircraft display design is new.
SEMANTIC CORE OF DIGITAL PLATFORM
Authors:   High Engineering School of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Maksimov N. , Golitsina O. ,   High Engineering School of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Ganchenkova M. ,   High Engineering School of National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Sanatov D. ,   Media-Lab LLC,   Center for Strategic Research “North-West”, Razumov A. ,   Center for Strategic Research “North-West”
Published: October 2018

This article gives a generalized description of the integrated complex of declarative and procedural means, which together provide a consistent information (semantic) representation of complex objects at all stages of their life cycle. Knowledge (facts) is represented by a system of ontologies of different levels, and the structure - by taxonomies and classifications. Ontology is defined as a system of three interrelated systems (functional, conceptual and sign), and the system of taxonomies represents classes of objects and processes’ characteristic of the main "coordinates" of activity. Information retrieval, as a component of the semantic core, is considered as a complex self-consistent process of constructing new knowledge, where knowledge is information (texts of found documents) associated with the context of the task and the user's views. Such context is purposefully or indirectly determined by the user by means of predefined semantic structures (taxonomies, ontologies) or by means of dynamically formed components (dictionaries, samples, etc.). This is the essence of the semantic cognitive search, where the system not only implements the selection of documents by traditional retrieval methods, but also forms an image of information needs, which, in turn, will allow the system to synthesize complex, aspect-oriented answers. Automated technologies of linguistic support based on distributivestatistical analysis of both object knowledge and implicit knowledge flows (extracted by the system in the interaction process) and components of conceptual-terminological systems are proposed. Scientific and educational potential can be widely used to create a basic component of information and linguistic support in the early stages. The tools presented in the article are tested in the framework of the developed software xIrbis-ML, designed for semantic search of data in knowledge bases for complex engineering objects.
DESCUIDADO EM SAÚDE E EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Mussi Fernanda Carneiro , Melo Cristina Maria Meira de
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: refletir sobre o significado e as consequências do descuidado na atenção à saúde e em enfermagem. Método: estudo de reflexão. Resultados: o descuidado é produto do modelo assistencial biomédico, que privilegia o corpo como objeto de trabalho, fragmenta o processo de trabalho em saúde, exige prestação de serviços em larga escala com contenção de custos e não garante acesso ao atendimento universal, integral e igualitário. O usuário sofre por não ter assegurado o direito à vida, pela destituição da identidade e privação da satisfação na interação com trabalhadores em saúde. Consequências às trabalhadoras da enfermagem incluem identidade profissional ideologizada, perda do sentido e invisibilidade do trabalho e sofrimento psíquico. Conclusão: a reconstrução das práticas em enfermagem e na saúde, na perspectiva de combater o descuidado, pressupõe assumir o cuidado como cerne da formação e da prática nesse campo, além de investimentos no financiamento do SUS, para que seu projeto tenha o sucesso prático possível e esperado.

Descritores: Enfermagem. Cuidado. Atenção à Saúde
FATORES DE RISCOS METABÓLICOS EM CRIANÇAS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Martins Thayana Alcântara , De Freitas Alisson Salatiek Ferreira , Rodrigues Maria Iara De Sousa , Veras Filho Rubens Nunes , Moreira Deborah Pedrosa , Mourão Carla Monique Lopes
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de fatores de riscos metabólicos na consulta de enfermagem de crianças. Método: estudo exploratório, transversal, realizado em uma unidade básica de saúde em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 97 crianças de 2 a 10 anos de idade no período de 6 meses. Resultados: a idade que mais prevaleceu foi a de oito anos, abrangendo N=26 crianças (26,8%) e o sexo prevalente na amostra foi o feminino, 62 (63,9%). Notou-se que 62 crianças estão com o IMC adequado (63,9%), 23 estão com sobrepeso (23,7%) e 12 (12,3%) estão obesas. Conclusão: os principais fatores de riscos metabólicos encontrados foram sedentarismo, preferência por alimentos do tipo fast-food e baixa renda familiar.

Descritores: Obesidade pediátrica. Índice de massa corporal. Doenças cardiovasculares. Cuidados de enfermagem. Síndrome metabólica.
Marital satisfaction in deaf couples: a review study
Authors: Abedi Arezoo , Rostami Mohammad , Abedi Somayeh , Sudmand Nasrin , Movallali Guita
Published: October 2018

Background and Aim: One of the most imp­ortant aspects of marital life is the satisfaction of couples. Marital satisfaction is a positive and enjoyable attitude that the husband and wife have in different aspects of marital relations such as relationships, personality issues, conflict resolution, financial issues, sexual relations, and children. Deafness affects the relationship bet­ween couples and may decrease emotional and physical intimacy. Therefore, loss of hearing has negative consequences for marital satis­faction. This study aimed to investigate marital satisfaction in deaf couples.
Recent Findings: A review of studies between 1978 and 2017 has shown that marital satis­faction in couples who are both deaf are higher than couples who one of the couples is deaf.
Conclusion: Studies show that deaf- hearing marriage leads to less life satisfaction than deaf-deaf or hearing hearing marriage. Lack of national studies in this field is obvious. It seems that teaching the couples life skills by can be helpful.
Keywords: Deaf; couple; marital satisfaction
Teacher characteristics affecting clinical education in audiology
Authors: Habibi Fatemeh , Rouzbahani Masoumeh , Kamali Mohammad
Published: October 2018

Background and Aim: Clinical education is a major component of the Audiology curriculum. Clinical teachers and instructors play an impor­tant role in achieving clinical education goals. This research was conducted to survey the view point of Audiology students, teachers, and gra­duates about clinical teachers’ characteristics affecting clinical education.
Methods: Through purposeful sampling met­hod, 14 senior undergraduate students, 4 BSc. Graduates, and 7 teachers participated in this qualitative study. The relevant data were coll­ected via focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were analyzed by conventional content analysis.
Results: After data analysis and classification of codes, two main themes and some sub-themes were emerged. Themes included pro­fessional characteristics of clinical experience, educational ability and rigor as well as perso­nality characteristics of behavior, motivation and compassion, discipline and timeliness. They were recognized as influential attributes of a clinical teacher by the study participants.
Conclusion: It seems that clinical experience, educational ability, rigor, behavior, motivation, timeliness and discipline play an important role in increasing the quality of clinical education. Therefore, the choice of qualified clinical tea­cher is important in conducting the best clinical education course in the field of Audiology.
Evaluation of phonological awareness training on reading improvement and skills
Authors: Saeidmanesh Mohsen , Hajavi Hasan , Moradi Vahid
Published: October 2018

Background and Aim: Reading is not only a fundamental skill in learning but also an imp­ortant channel in dealing with the outside world. However, hearing impairment affects linguistic growth, including speaking and reading; deve­lopment of understanding; and academic achi­evement. The purpose of this study was to inv­estigate the effect of phonological awareness training on improving phonological reading and awareness in primary school children with hea­ring impairment.
Methods: The present study has a quasi-experi­mental design. The research was conducted as pretest, intervention and posttest. A total of 20 children with moderate to severe hearing loss were enrolled in the experimental group and 20 subjects in another group as the control. Rea­ding and dyslexia test (NEMA) was used to ass­ess reading improvement and phonological awa­reness was assessed by the phonological aware­ness questionnaire. The data normality was che­cked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate non-parametric data.
Results: Based on the results, after teaching the phonological awareness strategies to the experi­mental group, their reading and phonological awareness scores increased significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Also the results show higher phonological awareness scores in girls.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that improvement of phonological awareness in children with hearing loss can improve and res­olve their reading performance and problems.
Comparing the quick speech-in-noise test results in migraineurs without aura and normal subjects
Authors: Amini Sabihe , Hajiabolhassan Fahimeh , Fatahi Jamileh , Jalaie Shohreh , Nilforoush Mohammad Hosein
Published: October 2018

Background and Aim: Migraine is a relatively common neurovascular disease. Audiology studies have shown some ways of influencing migraine by the auditory pathways from cochlea to the auditory cortex. Considering that one of the most important functions of the central auditory system is speech perception in challenging conditions, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to understand speech in noise in migraineurs without aura, and compare it with normal subjects.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 migraineurs without aura aged 17 to 41 years (mean=31.9, SD=6.89) and 30 normal individuals who were matched for age and sex with the migraine group were evaluated by quick speech-in-noise test (Q-SIN). The correlation between duration of the disease and the frequency of attacks per month and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) loss, as well as the role of headache severity on the scores were assessed.Results: In Q-SIN test, the mean SNR loss in migraineurs without aura was greater than that in controls (p<0.05). But this ability did not differ between males and females (p>0.05). There was no correlation between the duration of migraine, frequency of attacks per month and the severity of headache with SNR loss (p>0.05).Conclusion: Migraineurs without aura sometimes have difficulties in speech perception in noise which is not affected by duration of disease, its frequency and the severity of the attacks.
Using the theory of planned behaviour when designing motivational letters: Exploring through patient interviews how determinants of behaviour are operationalised in letters of invitation to cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Dressler Corinna
Published: October 2018

Background & Aim: While health behaviour theories are often used to develop written material for health care interventions, descriptions of how to operationalise such theories are lacking in the literature. Paradoxically, it is precisely this information that is supposed to influence patient behaviour. Letters inviting patients to participate in cardiac rehabilitation are further examined here.
Materials & Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore how concepts from the Theory of Planned Behaviour had been operationalised in invitation letters, focusing on the motivational potential of different passages.
Results: Thirteen participants were interviewed and asked to comment on the invitation letters. Without having been informed about the Theory of Planned Behaviour, most commented on passages that were based on the theory. It seemed important to many participants that the content is more relatable and personal. Message framing and the use of the future tense in sentences meant to motivate patients to attend cardiac rehabilitation appeared to be important. Using simple language might be more effective than technical terms.
Conclusion: When using health behaviour theories such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour to compose materials motivating patients to behave in certain ways, message framing and relatable content are approaches to operationalizing theoretical concepts.
Congenital tethered cord in adults with concomitant lipoma of filium terminale – case report
Authors: Staszkiewicz Rafał , Och Waldemar , Strohm Wiesław , Miodoński Jan , Kotas Adrian , Marcol Wiesław
Published: October 2018

Wrodzony zespół zakotwiczonego rdzenia u dorosłych (tethered cord syndrome – TCS) z towarzyszącym tłuszczakiem jest chorobą rzadko występującą u dorosłych i często sprawia problemy diagnostyczne. Leczenie operacyjne jest trudne i może prowadzić do licznych powikłań.
Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek 26-letniej kobiety z olbrzymim tłuszczakiem nici końcowej i zakotwiczonym rdzeniem na poziomie S2. Pacjentka skarżyła się na bóle okolicy lędźwiowo-krzyżowej kręgosłupa. Ponadto obserwowano umiarkowanego stopnia nietrzymanie moczu i prawostronne opadanie stopy z zaburzeniami czucia.
Diagnostykę przeprowadzono za pomocą rezonansu magnetycznego. Chora przeszła zabieg chirurgiczny uwolnienia rdzenia kręgowego z częściową resekcją tłuszczaka nici końcowej. Podczas zabiegu stosowano techniki mikrochirurgiczne oraz posiłkowano się neuromonitoringiem śródoperacyjnym.
W obserwacji pooperacyjnej u chorej zmniejszyły się dolegliwości bólowe okolicy lędźwiowo-krzyżowej kręgosłupa, ustąpiły także częściowo zaburzenia czucia. Nie obserwowano natomiast znacznej poprawy siły mięśniowej stopy.
Długo trwające objawy, takie jak bóle kręgosłupa w odcinku lędźwiowo-krzyżowym, zaburzenia czucia, a także słabo zaznaczone objawy nietrzymania moczu, nie są objawami jednoznacznie wskazującymi na zespół zakotwiczonego rdzenia. Leczenie operacyjne w takim przypadku jest procedurą trudną ze względu na charakter i lokalizację zmiany w otoczeniu ogona końskiego. Innym poważnym problemem jest identyfikacja nici końcowej. Zabieg operacyjny obarczony jest wystąpieniem pooperacyjnej przetoki płynowej z zaburzeniem gojenia rany operacyjnej.
Wynik zabiegu operacyjnego nie zawsze jest dla chorego satysfakcjonujący, ponieważ jedynym efektem leczenia może być zatrzymanie postępujących objawów neurologicznych.
Editorial
Authors: Wang Daniel , Ruck Keene Alex , Fletcher Ruth , Penny Catherine , Ashcroft Richard
Published: October 2018

This issue's editors discuss the debate which has emerged between two of the journal's contributors and the President of the Victorian Mental Health Tribunal, and take us through the articles which follow the exchange of opinion.
The 'Tricky Dance' of Advocacy: A study of non-legal Mental Health Advocacy
Authors: Bennetts Wanda , Maylea Christopher , McKenna Brian , Makregiorgos Helen
Published: October 2018

Advocacy in compulsory mental health settings is complex and contested, incorporating legal, non-legal, representational and best interests advocacy. This paper presents an approach to non-legal representational advocacy used by Independent Mental Health Advocacy (IMHA), in Victoria, Australia, drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with advocates and other key stakeholders. After outlining the Victorian context and the IMHA model, this paper shows how IMHA privileges the consumer voice using representational advocacy, which is rights-based and works for systemic change. Using a supported decision-making model, the paper highlights the enablers and challenges which exist, before discussing the implications in terms of rights, power, capacity building and systemic change. The participants saw IMHA as working to address one of the most troubling tensions in mental health care, between the perceived need for coercion and the need to support people to make their own decisions. Representational advocacy provides a clear, easily transferable and tested framework for engaging in supported decision-making processes with people in the mental health system.
Que seja moderna enquanto dure: a apropriação da fotografia amadora brasileira
Authors: Menezes Lucas Mendes
Published: October 2018

O processo de reconhecimento institucional da geração de fotógrafos amadores brasileiros dos anos 1950 e 1960 se realizou mediante diferentes empreitadas. Se as mostras de Thomaz Farkas (MAM-SP em 1949) e Geraldo de Barros (MASP em 1951) foram fundamentais para a legitimação da fotografia como prática artística no Brasil, apenas nos 1980 esse percurso alcançou a dimensão institucional. Em paralelo, assistiu-se também à entrada de algumas dessas imagens no mercado da arte, através de representação de galerias no Brasil e no exterior. Nos anos 2000, graças a políticas de doação e aquisição, essa geração de fotógrafos passou a compor vários dos principais acervos fotográficos do país. No caso brasileiro, os últimos 30 anos de trabalhos em torno da fotografia conseguiram estabelecer a geração dos fotógrafos amadores do pós-Guerra como algumas das principais personalidades do meio no país.
Fotografias feitas por pessoas deficientes visuais, por que não?
Authors: Kulcsár João
Published: October 2018

Ao dispararem o botão da câmera, focando a acessibilidade, pessoas com deficiência visual propõem uma discussão sobre a questão da técnica e da estética fotográfica, além de transformar o ato de fotografar num ato político, que nos faz repensar o conceito de cegueira.
Contribuições da educação não formal no aprendizado sobre geodiversidade: projeto geodiversidade na educação
Authors: Pimentel Carla Silvia , Liccardo Antonio , Maieski Kleverson Gonçalves , Mendes Camila Priotto
Published: October 2018

O projeto “Geodiversidade na Educação” vem desenvolvendo ações no campo da educação não formal desde 2011.  Dentre elas organizou uma exposição de material geológico, com caráter museológico, que busca desenvolver noções de educação geocientífica, patrimonial e ambiental a partir do conhecimento da geodiversidade. Com a consolidação do projeto, as pesquisas buscaram identificar contribuições efetivas na formação profissional de alunos-monitores dos cursos de Geografia da UEPG e as aprendizagens dos alunos visitantes. Os resultados revelaram que ações do projeto contribuíram com eficácia no desempenho dos alunos no curso e/ou na vida profissional, além de trazer aportes para o desenvolvimento pessoal. Avalia-se que o projeto cumpre sua função na educação não formal, divulgando conhecimento científico à comunidade e desenvolvendo produtos paradidáticos. Em relação aos estudantes que visitaram a exposição, seus professores apontaram correlação direta entre os conteúdos da exposição e aqueles ensinados aos seus alunos, afirmando ainda que o projeto é motivador e didaticamente adequado.
Development of didactic materials and activities on interdisciplinary bases: an example for oil an
Authors: Sellés-Martínez José
Published: October 2018

Although the subject “Oil and Gas” is not usually present in the Secondary School Curriculum, it is of interest to students due to its obvious relationships with everyday life, and has been selected to design a series of teaching resources. Not only natural sciences such as Geology, Biology and Chemistry are embedded in the formation and accumulation of petroleum, but also con-stant references to History, Geography and Technology are present when linking together its discovery, exploitation, industrial-ization and use. The materials being produced cover three categories: a reference text to be available in printed and PDF file versions, a portfolio of teaching resources and a website. The first two are described and exemplified. The portfolio also in-cludes examples of published materials, which contain conceptual errors proposing their use to explore misconceptions if used at the beginning of the presentation of the subject in class, or to identify levels of understanding if used at the end.
Earthlearningidea: promoting deep questioning in lab and field
Authors: King Chris , Kennett Peter , Devon Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

The Earthlearningidea website (www.earthlearningidea.com) launched in 2008 as part of the International Year of Planet Earth, publishes geoscience teaching ideas online as free-to-download pdfs. The website publishes a new idea every two weeks, so that more than 280 ideas have now appeared in English. Translators around the world kindly offered to translate the ideas into their own languages and more than 900 translations can now be accessed through the website. So far, nearly 3.5 million pdfs of the ideas have been downloaded across the world at a mean rate of more than 40,000 per month. The activi-ties have been used in teacher training in a number of countries, as recorded in the Earthlearningidea blog at http://earthlearningidea.blogspot.co.uk/. An analysis was published in 2016 of the different approaches used in the ideas pub-lished to that date. The analysis (n=250) showed that some ideas covered several of categories, and that overall coverage was: basic skills, 4%; observation, 16%; illustration 39%; investigation, 10%; diagrammatic models, 5%; physical models, 44%; thought experiments, 13% and unattributed, 12%. The thought experiments were deliberately focused on promoting deep un-derstanding through deep questioning in the lab and field. They include examples such as: ‘Earthquake through the window - what would you see, what would you feel?: asking pupils to picture for themselves what an earthquake through the window might look like’; ‘Sand on a sill: What will happen to a sand grain left on a window sill? – a rock cycle discussion’; ‘From clay balls to the structure of the Earth: a discussion of how physics can be used to probe Earth’s structure’; ‘Is there life in this soil sample? - questions to consolidate pupil understanding of soil-formation’; ‘The ‘What could hurt you here?’ ap-proach to field safety - teaching how to keep safe during fieldwork and other outdoor activities’; ‘What was it like to be there – in the rocky world? – bringing the formation of solid rock to life by imagining yourself there when it formed’; ‘Fieldwork: the ‘All powerful’ strategy – discussing geological histories in imaginative ways’ and ‘Fieldwork – interactive re-creation: ac-tivities using simple transportable apparatus to simulate features in the field’. Two of these Earthlearningidea activities are given in full, as examples of the Earthlearningidea approach in general, and the use of the ‘thought experiment’ ideas to gen-erate deep questioning and discussion in the lab and field, in particular.
Earth history and evolution of life in curriculum the high school of the State of São Paulo
Authors: Santos Cristiane Prado Scott dos , Piranha Joseli Maria
Published: October 2018

Among the main obstacles to the literacy of the Earth System Sciences, the content organization in official curricula stands out. The knowledge of this science has been shown as fundamental for the formation of citizens who know how to use natural resources regarding environmental questions and life itself. Faced with such issues, the present study has done a documentary analysis of the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio (PCNEM in Portuguese, or National Curriculum Parameters of Secondary Education) and of the Currículo do Estado de São Paulo (CESP in Portuguese, or School Curriculum of the State of São Paulo), with aim at suggesting effective teaching alternatives for citizens formation. Both the PCNEM and the CESP present contents in a fragmented way through traditional disciplines, such as has been the educational structure in Brazil for decades. The PCNEM suggest an interdisciplinary approach of these contents, while the CESP do not mention this type of approach, but relates skills to be developed to each type of content, and so presents interdisciplinary teaching as valuable. As an alternative to this pedagogical structure, it is proposed that the contents encompassed in the Earth System Science should be treated in an interdisciplinary context, allowing the integrated development of contents and contributing to the teacher’s work.
Bibliographic review of articles on pedagogical practice of environmental education in schools
Authors: Mello Pitt de , Fernandes Rebeca Chiacchio Azevedo
Published: October 2018

This article aims to identify pedagogical practices in the area of Environmental Education (EA) developed in Elementary Schools. We have carried out a bibliographical research of articles published in the last five years in national and international journals. Eight journals were consulted, one of them referring to Geosciences Teaching, four of them referring to Science Teaching and three specifically about Environmental Education taking all the numbers published between 2013 and 2017. In those journals, thirteen articles were selected that presented some relation to our research focus, and these were described and characterized in relation to the School Level, Thematic Area, Methodological Approach and Macro tendency of Environmental Education. In the set of papers analyzed, there was a predominance of papers focused on the Elementary Education Level, for the Thematic Area of Environmental Education and Pragmatic macro tendency. In relation to the Methodological Approach, we identified works on environmental conceptions, proposing seminars on sustainability, analysis of pedagogical practices in Environmental Education, among others. We have identified that although there are many studies focusing on Environmental Education in schools, none of them are concerned with the proposals of Government Organizations for Environmental Education in Environmental Education, the focus of our Master's research, which justifies its development.
Initial knowledge state of college-level introductory geology students in the United States
Authors: Anderson Steven William , Manzanares Amanda
Published: October 2018

The initial knowledge of college-level introductory geoscience students is poorly understood, yet greatly affects the ability of instructors to create an effective learning environment. Here we review past research into several fundamental Geoscience con-cept areas to better understand misconceptions, alternative conceptions and preconceptions related to Geologic Time, Plate Tec-tonics and geohazards. We combine this review of past work with new research on what students understand about minerals in order to address the disconnect between instructors´ perceptions of their students´ initial knowledge, with what the students ac-tually understand, in order to create a basis for decisions on course structure and pedagogy.
Addressing the gap between school and university in South Africa: exposing grade 11 learners to the integrated and applied nature of science and commerce using geoscience examples
Authors: Drennan Gillian R. , Benvenuti Susan , Evans Mary
Published: October 2018

Geoscience Education is not included in the School curriculum in South Africa as a stand-alone subject area. Some concepts are embedded in other subject areas such as Plate Tectonic Theory in Geography and Evolution in Life Sciences. Consequently, most students who do register for a BSc degree at South African Universities do not initially intend to study Geology. Minimum entry requirements for different disciplines in the Faculty of Science at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) mean that most of the Geology I registrations are by students not qualifying for Mathematical or Physical Sciences. Biological Sciences can only accommodate a portion of these students so the remainder of the students end up in Geology because they wish to ob-tain a degree and are “forced to do Geology”. In an attempt to introduce future students to a broader view of Science, and in particular to Geoscience, Wits has started offering certified Short Courses at NQF Level 4 (National Qualification Framework school leaving certificate level). In 2016 Wits ran the Wits Integrated Experience in Science and in 2017, the Wits Integrated Experience in Science and Commerce, short courses. Learners were exposed to the integrated nature of various Science disci-plines and the integrated nature of Science and Commerce through enquiry based, problem solving learning opportunities. The target audience was Grade 11 learners as they have not yet applied to any university and have yet to make subject choices and degree choices. By participating in the short course they are exposed to a variety of disciplines and through investigating real problems, they are exposed to the interdisciplinary nature of these disciplines. In 2016 the learners solved a murder mystery and in 2017, they had to scenario plan for an impending meteorite impact just south of Johannesburg. This scenario planning helped learners to see the relationship between Science disciplines and between Science and Commerce. This is important as the initiative is designed to assist learners in actively choosing their Science and/or Commerce majors and to encourage learners to consider taking innovative major combinations that might cross traditional Faculty boundaries.
Demonstration of Transitional Locally Made Beehive Around Protected Areas in Central Rift Valley of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Taye , Woldatsadik Mekonnen , Chalchissa Girma
Published: October 2018

The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha and Arsi Negele districts of Oromia regional state of Ethiopia with the objective of enhancing the production and productivity of beekeeping in the area through demonstration of transitional locally made beehive around protected areas. Beekeepers around protected areas were purposively selected based on their interest in beekeeping, experience in traditional beekeeping, proximity of residence to protected areas and non-addressed areas with technology dissemination activity and two farmers research groups (FRG) consisting a total of 20 members were established to conduct the demonstration of beekeeping technology. Theoretical and practical training sessions about seasonal bee management practices, intermediate beekeeping construction, implementation and honey harvesting techniques integrated to natural resources rehabilitation was given to a total of 50 beekeepers,4 district honey experts and 6 development agents. After training, twenty four transitional locally made beehives were constructed and honeybee colonies were transferred and inspected regularly undertaken to follow up the progress of the bee colonies in partnership with FRG members, experts and development agents. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, systematically analyzed and interpreted using descriptive statics such as percentage, mean and presented in table. Accordingly, an average of 15.4kg and 12.1kg of honey was harvested per harvesting season from transitional beehive at Adami Tulu and Arsi Negele, respectively. Therefore integration of intermediate beekeeping technology with protected areas can enhance the income of household and encourages planting of bee forages which directly contributes for sustainable forest managements. Thus government and other stakeholders at all levels should provide technical services for beekeeping to align improved beekeeping to protected areas and all best practices should be scaled up so that honey production is increased and sustained.
Nanowires in Magnetic Drug Targeting
Authors: Moghimi Zafar Ali , Baniasadi Fazel , Naghieh Gholamreza
Published: October 2018

Magnetic drug targeting can be used for locoregional cancer therapy, although the limitation is minuteness of the induced force. A new and simple procedure to enhance the magnetic force is changing the shape of carrier particles. It has been mathematically proved that exerting much stronger magnetic dipoles to nanowires are more possible than to spheres with the same volume. The magnetic dipole of wires having aspect quotient (ratio of length to diameter) of 3 is higher than the spheres of the same volume. Nanowires with α = 5 have magnetic dipoles 1.95 times greater than the spheres with the same volume. At a fixed radius, the magnetic dipole increases with the volume of the drug carrier. Magnetic targeting depth is an important parameter depending on the aspect quotient α of particles. Calculations show that the depth of targeting can exceed 8.5 cm if a nanowire with 15 nm radius and length larger than 150 nm is used as the drug carrier. This depth is 1.7 times more than that reported by previous authors for spherical particles with the same-volume.