bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propuestas de reducción de emisiones de carbono negro para fuentes móviles en Costa Rica
Authors: Alvarado-Jiménez Daniela , Herrera-Murillo Jorge , Rojas-Marín José Félix , González-Rodríguez Manuel
Published: January 2022

[Introducción]: Las fuentes móviles, tanto a nivel mundial como nacional, juegan un papel crítico en la generación de emisiones de carbono negro, forzador climático de vida corta que produce un gran impacto en el clima. [Objetivo]: Se proponen soluciones que permitan la mitigación de las emisiones de carbono negro generadas por el sector transporte dentro de un marco de viabilidad económica y técnica. [Metodología]: Se modelaron las emisiones generadas por las fuentes móviles, tomando como año base 2016, para lo cual se utilizó el software Copert 5.2. Posteriormente, se establecieron escenarios de oportunidades de reducción, los cuales fueron evaluados tomando en cuenta su potencial de disminución, la concordancia con las políticas públicas y el costo de la tecnología. [Resultados]: Las fuentes móviles emitieron 471.9 toneladas de carbono negro a la atmósfera durante el 2016, lo que equivale a 217 031.7 y 707 712.2 toneladas de CO2e (tomando como potencial de calentamiento global 460 y 1 500, respectivamente). Se propone: el uso de combustibles bajos en emisiones, la incorporación de vehículos eléctricos y las mejoras tecnológicas en el sistema del motor para reducir las emisiones de escape. [Conclusiones]:  Las medidas de mitigación de emisiones que poseen mayor factibilidad son las relacionadas con la incorporación de combustibles bajos en emisiones, como el biodiésel y el diésel bajo en azufre. Resulta de vital importancia incluir acciones concretas para la reducción de las emisiones de carbono negro dentro de las políticas nacionales de cambio climático, pues la reducción de estas tiene impactos positivos a corto plazo.
Conocimiento especializado del profesorado de matemática en formación inicial acerca de los polígonos
Authors: Advíncula-Clemente Elizabeth , Beteta-Salas Marisel , León-Ríos José , Torres-Céspedes Isabel , Montes Miguel
Published: January 2022

En este artículo nos centramos en comprender el conocimiento especializado que muestra una profesora de educación secundaria en formación, cuando enseña polígonos como parte de su práctica preprofesional en el último año de su carrera. Para explorar dicho conocimiento nos basamos en el modelo Mathematics Teacher´s Specialised Knowledge (MTSK) creado por el grupo de investigación de la Universidad de Huelva, España. Utilizamos una metodología de investigación cualitativa y desde el paradigma interpretativo damos cuenta de un estudio de caso que permitirá identificar, describir y comprender el conocimiento geométrico de la maestra referente a los polígonos. La recogida de información se realizó a través de observación no participante, mediante grabaciones realizadas durante tres sesiones de clase con estudiantes de quinto grado de educación secundaria. Para la validación del análisis usamos la triangulación de expertos externos en el modelo MTSK. Los resultados evidencian el potencial que ofrece el MTSK como herramienta para profundizar en la caracterización y comprensión del conocimiento del profesorado, cuyo uso resultaría favorable en la formación inicial de docentes de educación secundaria, pues permite que el personal docente en formación inicial reflexione sobre la necesidad de tener un conocimiento matemático y didáctico sobre el contenido a enseñar. Los resultados muestran como el conocimiento del tema de polígonos se relaciona íntimamente con el conocimiento de la enseñanza de la matemática vinculado a este tema, así como al conocimiento de las características del aprendizaje de la matemática.
En busca del misterio perdido: la espiritualidad en la poesía de David Pujante
Authors: Velasco Sainz Adrián
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo traza una línea discursiva y diacrónica a través de la poesía de David Pujante (Cartagena, 1953) con la finalidad de ayudar a vislumbrar algunas de las mil caras del rico y complejo poliedro que representa su espiritualidad en su consolidada (en extensión, espacio y tiempo) creación poética.  En otras palabras, se lleva a cabo un recorrido a lo largo de la evolución poética y vital de nuestro autor empleando como hilo conductor su sentir espiritual y ahondando en algunas ideas poéticas que gravitan alrededor de este sentir y que al mismo tiempo lo conforman.
El Compromiso periodístico de Silvia Mistral
Authors: Hernández Fernández Sara
Published: January 2022

Silvia Mistral, en su faceta periodística, nos ha legado colaboraciones en la prensa española en la década de 1930, en plena II República y Guerra Civil, que han pasado desapercibidas, pero que poseen un contenido de gran compromiso que se quiere aquí rescatar. Con la elección de un grupo de fuentes primarias representativas se podrá atender a su evolución. En esta investigación a través del análisis de las publicaciones de Mistral se observa cómo de 1933 a 1938 llega a situarse en su momento más álgido de compromiso social, político y antifascista. Así, el presente artículo se aproxima a sus primeros escritos periodísticos, a la crítica cinematográfica influida por su ideología anarquista y a sus colaboraciones basadas en la experiencia como corresponsal de guerra. Asimismo, este estudio se completa con unos breves retazos contextuales, centrándose en el panorama periodístico femenino.
Consideraciones acerca del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y del tratamiento didáctica del vocabulario en la Educación Primaria en Cuba
Authors: Madrigal González Naimy , Reina García Luis Eyén
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo constituye un breve análisis acerca del tratamiento didáctico del vocabulario en la Educación Primaria en Cuba, asimismo se precisan los fundamentos del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua materna, y sus retos en la actualidad. Se parte de las concepciones del contexto cubano para la enseñanza de la Lengua Española, los aportes teóricos que ofrecen los clásicos de la didáctica y del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua materna sustentado en el enfoque cognitivo, comunicativo y sociocultural; asumido por los autores como una construcción teórica que es el resultado del complejo proceso de desarrollo de las nuevas concepciones lingüísticas que centran su atención en el discurso y en los procesos de comprensión y producción de significados en diferentes contextos.
La revolución diplomática y la negociación del matrimonio entre los príncipes de Asturias, Carlos y María Luisa (1765)
Authors: Belmonte Hernández Sergio
Published: January 2022

La revolución diplomática de 1756 entre Francia y el Imperio llevó a un acercamiento de Luis XV y la emperatriz María Teresa después de siglo y medio de enfrentamientos entre las Casas de Habsburgo y Borbón. La muerte de Fernando VI y la subida al trono de Carlos III supuso poner fin a la política de neutralidad del anterior reinado. La firma del tercer Pacto de Familia en 1761 llevó al monarca español a integrarse dentro de la nueva alianza surgida entre París y Versalles. Estas alianzas se sellaron, como era tradicional, a través de matrimonios entre ambas Casas, sin embargo, dentro de este contexto hubo un enlace que supuso una excepción a las nupcias entre archiduquesas Habsburgo y príncipes Borbones, se trataba de los príncipes de Asturias, futuro Carlos IV, y María Luisa de Parma.
On the Construction of Chaotic Dynamical Systems on the Box Fractal
Authors: Aslan N. , Saltan M.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, our main aim is to obtain two different discrete chaotic dynamical systems on the Box fractal ($B$). For this goal, we first give two composition functions (which generate Box fractal and filled-square respectively via escape time algorithm) of expanding, folding and translation mappings. In order to examine the properties of these dynamical systems more easily, we use the intrinsic metric which is defined by the code representation of the points on $B$ and express these dynamical systems on the code sets of this fractal. We then obtain that they are chaotic in the sense of Devaney and give an algorithm to compute periodic points.
Plataformização e o uso da informação para a criação de estímulos de consumo
Authors: Paletta Francisco Carlos , Costa do Lago Jader Jaime
Published: January 2022

Vivemos numa sociedade em que a existência está diretamente associada à visibilidade dos indivíduos. As construções narrativas que validam este processo trabalham com imagens e vídeos que projetam e constroem as nossas vivências em múltiplas plataformas digitais. Através delas é possível mapear boa parte de nossas ações e interações. Esses dados são valiosos indicativos de nosso comportamento social e emocional diante de variados temas e situações. As plataformas digitais utilizam essas informações na dinâmica do capitalismo de dados, extraindo valor a partir de mecanismos automatizados de coleta e operados por sujeitos algorítmicos. Por meio da organização de Big Data novos padrões de consumo são estimulados através de entregas customizadas para determinados grupos de pessoas interconectadas. Este estudo mostra as características deste processo operado em ambientes heterotópicos em que o espaço-tempo é formatado pela lógica das plataformas. Além disso, será apresentado um panorama sobre como esse artifício se tornou possível por causa da necessidade de relevância em que a autonomia do indivíduo nas redes é proporcional à sua submissão às regras de vigilância e exploração econômica. Através desta premissa este estudo apresenta dados recentes sobre a relação de confiança dos brasileiros nestas plataformas digitais que, paradoxalmente, ocupam lugar de destaque como fonte de informação primordial para boa parte da população no Brasil.
‘Path, fetter-breaking-experience and effect’ (of the fetter-breaking- experience)
Authors: Sirimane Yuki
Published: January 2022

Based on the conclusion that attainment of a phala entails a specific, fetterbreaking-experience, in Chapter 4 we proceed to establish that a supramundane “phala” in the Suttas is a fetter-breaking-experience together with its ongoing effects, as opposed to the Pāli commentarial usage in which a “phala” of the Path is just a “peak-experience” that lasts only a few moments following the fetterbreaking “path” moment. This chapter includes: 1) Definition of the word “phala”: This extracts the various meanings attributed to the word “phala” in general. 2) References in the Nikāyas to Path, fetter-breaking-experience and the effect (of the fetter-breaking-experience) as three different phenomena: This extracts evidence from the Nikāyas to highlight references to fetter-breaking-experiences and their effects as distinctly different phenomena. 3) Implications of the thesis of “Path, fetter-breaking-experience and effect”.
Appendix II: Interview synopsis and analysis
Authors: Sirimane Yuki
Published: January 2022

Interview synopsis and analysis
Background to Yoga Philosophy
Authors: Connolly Peter
Published: January 2022

In order to understand the practices of mental and physical culture that go under the label of yoga it is useful to be aware of features in the Indian world view that make it different from its Western counterparts and provide a rationale for many of the teachings of different yoga schools. The Indian understanding of time, of human destiny and of the kinds of connections that exist between language, the physical world and the various realms within the physical world are all different from what is generally accepted in the West, and these differences can have quite a profound effect on how we make sense of yoga.
Some Reflections on the Psychology of Yoga
Authors: Connolly Peter
Published: January 2022

Reflecting on the manifestations of yoga outlined in the preceding chapters, the student of yogic traditions soon becomes aware of an interesting asymmetry.
Introduction
Authors: Hunt Geoffrey
Published: January 2022

What are the origins of humankind’s apparent inability to live in peace? If we humans could find and stay aware of these origins with honesty it could then become possible to live in peace, or at least in greater peace. Two and a half thousand years ago Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, discovered the Path to a radical transformation of the perception and understanding of the roots of human life. In discovering the causes that lie in the human mind he also discovered the way out. His awakening was a revelation of the self-harming and self-replicating fantasy of the human story and where the fundamental possibilities of peace and compassion lie. The Buddha’s starting point, the 1st Noble Truth, is that there is an abiding malaise and insatiability in human life, and that if we do not face it, understand it and overcome or transcend it, or at least soften it, then it will continually push us into all kinds of self-destructive fantasies. He taught us how to cultivate a kind of de-centered inward-awareness that is at once an understanding of the divisive delusion of ‘me and world’ and ‘them and us’. Part One of this book embarks on the transformative Path of right speaking, acting, and daily living. In Part Two the meditational factors of effort, concentration and mindfulness are set out. Then in Part Three the wisdom factors of understanding and intention (resolve) are presented. It is not only a Path for monks and nuns. All humans qualify.
Right Concentration: Objects
Authors: Hunt Geoffrey
Published: January 2022

The Buddha gives many examples of objects of meditation, and these are quite different from one another and may be selected by a teacher for individuals who are at different stages of attainment, are in different circumstances, have different cravings and aversions, and diverse characters. To give some examples: one could focus on an external object such as a pebble, a leaf, a bowl of water or earth, a candle flame, or a sound; or an internal object such as an afterimage of a candle-flame, or an invented image in the mind such as a figure of the Buddha or a ball of light. An exercise in focussing on a slowly drying leaf is provided, intimating at the important Buddhist concept of ‘impermanence’. It is explained why not all objects need be pleasant, since a great deal is learned from our self-aware responses to the unpleasant. In this chapter guidance is given on bringing together the basics to start regular meditation at home or work.
A Global Awakening?
Authors: Hunt Geoffrey
Published: January 2022

The question may arise: If the world is ‘not worth clinging to’ why save it from climate change or any other global catastrophe? Mundane positive answers would refer to the worthiness of diverse beautiful creatures, to the millions of years of evolution and struggle, to the uniqueness (or specialness) of planet Earth, to the great achievements of human beings, to the love for our grandchildren, to our responsibility to future generations. The Buddha would not reject such answers but would encourage a Gestalt shift, to see the issue more deeply, in ultimate (supramundane) terms. Here there is a discussion of the ‘Eight Worldly Intentions’ of humankind, and the possibility of a movement from negative to positive.
ESTIMATION OF A POSSIBILITY OF PRESERVING ORDER IN A STATE WITH USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors:   Perm State University, Permyakov Alexander , Yasnitsky Leonid ,   Perm State University,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Published: January 2022

A political science-mathematical model has been built, designed to assess the possibility of maintaining order in the state. The model is based on a neural network trained on data on the state of many countries in different historical periods. The adequacy of the model is shown by comparing the simulation results with the real course of historical processes. The model was used to estimate the significance of the input parameters. It was found that the most significant parameters that have the greatest impact on the situation in the country are taxes, the state of the economy, and the availability of essential goods. The influence of the most significant parameters on the course of historical events is demonstrated by examples of the situation in France in the period 1629-1634 and in the Ottoman Empire during 1799-1804. Computer experiments were carried out by the scenario forecasting method: using a neural network, calculations were performed by enumerating the values of one parameter, or a small fixed group of parameters, while the values of the other parameters remained unchanged. An attempt has been made to predict the development of the situation in Venezuela for the next five years. A large number of options for forecasts of the development of events were carried out, depending on various combinations of possible measures taken by the government to stabilize the situation. Based on these forecasts, the most effective measures were selected to reduce tensions in the country. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that the created political science and mathematical model can be used to assess the possibility of maintaining order in modern states and to determine the steps necessary to prevent or trigger revolutions, civil wars, etc.
MODELING OF THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF SOLIDS BY THE ASYMPTOTIC METHOD
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Stepashkina Anna
Published: January 2022

In this work to solve the differential equation of heat conduction we use the separation method taking into account the boundary conditions. The solution of the problem is reduced to the Sturm-Liouville theory. There are other well-known methods for solving the differential equation of heat conduction: the operator method, the solution of the heat equation using the Green's function. We propose a method for solving the differential equation of heat conduction by the asymptotic method using the Laplace transform and furtherLaurent expansion of a function for a solid plate. A theoretical dependence of the temperature on time is obtained which has two sections: the initial one is linearand at large times it is nonlinear. Using the asymptotic expansion we propose expressions for determining the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a solid and the coefficient of heat transfer of a solid to the environmentas well as a method for determining the thermodynamic parameters of a solid. An experiment was carried out where a preheated solid is immersed in a calorimetric chamber filled with water of lower temperature. The heated solid gives off heat to the water. With the help of thermocouples the dependence of water temperature on time is obtained, linear and nonlinear sections of temperature changes are determined. Furtherusing the obtained theoretical expressionthe values ​​of the thermal conductivity coefficient of a solid and the heat transfer coefficient of a solid to water are found. It is shown that, according to the model proposed in the work, the experimentally determined values of the thermal conductivity coefficient and specific heat capacity for a copper plate are close to the known tabular values. At the same time, the calculated and tabulated values of the heat transfer coefficient of copper to water have a significant difference, which requires additional research.
THE METHOD FOR SELECTING THE BEST PERFORMER FOR SOLVING OPERATING TASK BASED ON A COMPETENCE APPROACH
Authors:   ITMO University, Bakanova Anna
Published: January 2022

There are some problems regarding the interaction of various areas of human resource management, due to the development of information products in the field of obtaining corporate knowledge and monitoring competencies. The main issue is the formation of a close connection between corporate education and the employee's work activities. Presently, the formation of a competency base is associated with the existing positions and roles for employees in the organization. Thus, the control of competencies is primarily carried out at the initial stage of recruitment and adaptation of staff. Further development of employee competencies is associated with training. But as practice shows, the company is forced to apply radical methods to support the employee's motivation to acquire new knowledge and competencies. At the same time, the question of the organization's interest in training employees remains open. Nevertheless, employee training has a direct impact on improving the quality of work and the financial stability of any organization. This paper proposes a method to improve employee productivity, combined with support for motivation to develop and learn. The purpose of developing such a method is to ensure that both employees and the organization are motivated to learn and develop. In this case, it is advisable to combine this process with work activities. And the expansion of the competence base can be supported by the creation of intra-organizational competencies and a detailed analysis of work activities through the prism of a competence-based approach. The main activity of the method is aimed at finding a suitable performer for solving office problems. The development uses an ontological approach that allows a semantic analysis of the requirements for work tasks and projects and the selection of the most relevant criteria for choosing an executor. In this case, the candidate for the performance of the work task is selected primarily according to his existing competencies and conditions that he is ready to comply with. This approach also makes it possible to use the rating system to organize personalized training and find an approach to eliminating the lack of competencies in the company, as well as to ensure the interchangeability of performers and the continuity of the workflow. Individual trajectories of training can be formed to train personnel to perform specific work tasks in this case. And an analysis of the availability of competencies in an organization can identify weaknesses in work activities and provide targeted training for employees.
APPLICATION OF THE LONG MEMORY MODELS FOR RETURNS FORECASTING IN THE FORMATION OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS
Authors:   Perm State University, Garafutdinov Robert
Published: January 2022

This paper continues research within the framework of the scientific direction in econophysics at the Department of Information Systems and Mathematical Methods in Economics of the faculty of Economics of PSU. This paper describes the method of formation investment portfolios of four assets based on forecasted returns obtained using long memory econometric models and tests the hypotheses that the optimization of portfolio structure by forecasted returns obtained using such models (by the example of ARFIMA) allows to improve portfolio characteristics in comparison to the optimization by historical returns. Different variants of portfolios of four financial instruments were formed to test the method and test the hypotheses. The study obtained the following results. Portfolio parameters do not deteriorate, on average, when optimized by forecasted data and, in some cases, they improve because the optimizer identifies the most profitable assets more often and gives them more weight. The optimizer is better at identifying the most profitable assets based on the forecasted returns than the least risky ones because the autoregressive models predict the trend of the index rather than its volatility. Finally in the paper there are formulated the possible directions for further research: improving the methodology, namely, performing preliminary fractal analysis of series, imposing stricter restrictions on risk, using other forecasting models, rebalancing the portfolio; conducting research on data from the U.S. stock market, which is certainly more developed in comparison with Russia; using stock indices as a benchmark for assessing the effectiveness of portfolios.
Vientre en alquiler: Escenario bíblico, problema moral hoy
Authors: Cabrera Rebeca
Published: January 2022

Nos proponemos estudiar el argumento escriturístico del “vientre en alquiler” a partir de Gn 16 y 21, problemática a la que nos acercamos a través de las técnicas de reproducción humana asistida como solución a las parejas infértiles. Destacarlo en este momento es de capital importancia, pues plantea desafíos que más allá de lo legal, proponen dilemas éticos que amenazan la dignidad inherente de los seres humanos, y pueden afectar incluso a las generaciones futuras. A la luz del texto nos introducimos en el sistema patriarcal que apelaba al derecho del varón a retener el acceso sexual de la mujer y los hijos procreados. Finalmente nos acercamos al marco ético, jurídico y teológico, cuyo estudio se entiende desde la contextualidad y no desde la deontología, dado que responde a situaciones reales y concretas de vida que implican necesariamente una responsabilidad.
Researching Video Conference Services on IEEE 802.11x Wireless Networks
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Tyukhtyaev Dmitry
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the dependence of the quality of video conferencing services on the characteristics of wireless communication channels and the number of users in a given network. The characteristics of the signal strength in a wireless network, measured in decibels (dB) were described in this article. The article discusses subjective and objective methods for assessing video. The PSNR and VQM metrics and the MSU Video Quality Measurement Tool software, created by the computer graphics laboratory of the Moscow State University, were used as an objective method for assessing video. For the subjective method, the DSCQS method was used. The PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) metric is one of the most commonly used metrics. PSNR measures the peak signal-to-noise ratio between the original signal and the signal at the output of the system. PSNR does not measure all video-specific parameters, as the fidelity of the image is constantly changing depending on the visual complexity of the image, the available bit rate and even the compression method. The Video Quality Measurement (VQM) metric is described in Recommendation ITU-R BT.1683. The test results show that VQM has a high correlation with subjective methods for assessing video quality and claims to become the standard in the field of objective quality assessment.
Investigation of Interaction Mechanism of Borocarbon Layer BC3 with Smoke Components SO2, H2S и CO
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Boroznina Evgeniya , Kakorina Olesya ,   Volgograd State University, Smirnov Konstantin ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we have studied the interaction between two-dimensional sheet BC3 with carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) molecules. These molecules are part of a fire smoke and are extremely hazardous to human health. The aim of our study is to find out the possibility of creating a sensor device based on the BC3 sheet material, which is capable to registers the presence of the molecules in the air. Carbon monoxide, which is also carbon monoxide, is considered the most dangerous in the event of a fire. Carbon monoxide, compared to oxygen, can be more effectively adjacent to hemoglobin, which entails a deterioration in the ability of blood to absorb oxygen. In this regard, oxygen starvation occurs. Sulfurous gas (SO2) is colorless, but has a rather sharp smell and is formed if sulfur is contained in combustible or explosive substances. In addition, sulfurous gas is poisonous, and can form sulfuric acid on the surface of the eyes or airways if affected. It can cause swelling of the larynx and lungs, inflammation of the bronchi. A dangerous concentration for life is only 0.05% even with short-term breathing. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), like sulfur dioxide, is colorless. However, it has a sweet taste and smell. It is able to be released during fires and during rotting of organic substances. Extremely poisonous gas, affects the eyes and airways. A deadly concentration even in the case of short-term breathing is only 0.1%.
On Some Aspects of Detecting Traces of Human Skin on Porous Surfaces
Authors:   Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Vasiliev Vasily , Ermakova Tatyana ,   Volgograd State University, Druzhinin Yuri ,   Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Afanasiev Ilya ,   Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, Akatiev Vladimir ,   Volgograd State University
Published: January 2022

During the study of fingerprint examination objects, the forensic expert selects methods and means with which he identifies and examines traces. Since most of the known forensics have an influence on the tracer substance, which in turn is multicomponent, the expert should clearly represent the mechanism of the ongoing processes in the tracer zone. In forensic work, methods and methods are widely described that allow you to work with the most common objects. Most of this information is organized in the form of practical recommendations. However, in the field of fingerprinting and research, theoretical questions regarding the detection of hand marks using chemical methods are still not clearly described. The article provides theoretical information regarding the laws of the mechanism of trace formation on porous (paper) objects, the mechanism of the chemical reaction of the interaction of ninhydrin and its structural analogues with the disturbed substance of the trace. It was concluded that when choosing methods for detecting latent traces of hands on porous objects, it is necessary to take into account not only the mechanisms of trace formation on porous (paper) objects, but also the mechanisms of the chemical reaction of the interaction of ninhydrin and its structural analogues with the trail disturbed substance.
Geoecological Aspects of Coal Mining in Donets Basin
Authors:   N.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Feofanov Andrey
Published: January 2022

Donets Coal Basin (the Donbass Coalfield) with its multi-million population is a concentration of all kinds of industries. These include iron and steel industry, machine-tool manufacture, mining production, byproduct coke industry, and also agriculture. Above all others it is coal-mining industry which coming of age and subsequent development is invariably connected with the evolutionary existence of this region. Coal mining, like any production, has its own negative aspects that adversely affect ecology of the region. The article overviews a number of essential geoecological aspects related to deep coal mining and shale gas production in Donets Basin which, taken as a whole and in isolation from one another, deform ground surface and surface buildings, flood the near-surface area, affect underground water inflow, dewater surface watercourses, increase background radiation, etc. The vast majority of harmful geoecological impacts are accounted for by legal operating coal mines and illegal ones – the so-called kopanki. Primarily just mines deform and kopanki sometimes distort surface landscape, creating at the same time a hazard to the safety of surface buildings. Faulty operation and the same kind abandonment of such industries lead to an increase in inflow of aggressive groundwater, pollution of safe drinking water sources, drying of surface watercourses that only worsen the environmental geology of the region. A catastrophe waiting to happen in the region is the so-called old mine workings abandoned at coal seam outcrops since early days through present of coal industry. They are hazardous due to their sinkhole collapse and deformation unpredictability for ground surface areas that fall within their affected zone. The more so because at most mining plans of old mines have not been preserved. Just as either there are no plans or they are completely lack for operating illegally private shallow mines, including kopanki. The planned shale gas production in Donets Coal Basin to be commenced since that year will significantly put a strain on environmental geology of the region with far-reaching negative consequences.
Eclosion inhibition of Haemonchus contortus eggs with two extracts of Caesalpinia coriaria fruits
Authors: Olmedo-Juárez A. , De Jesús-Martínez X. , Rojas-Hernández S. , Villa-Mancera A. , Romero-Rosales T. , Olivares-Pérez J.
Published: January 2022

Haemonchus contortus is a gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the acetonic and ethanolic extract of the Caesalpinia ciriaria fruits on the egg hatching inhibition (EHI) of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. The inhibition effect of hatching was evaluated at different concentrations of the extracts (acetonic: 20.0, 10.0, 5.0, 2.5, 1.2 and 0.6 mg / mL), (ethanolic: 6.15, 3.12, 1.56 and 0.78 mg / mL) and methanol to the 4% with distilled water as negative control and 0.5% ivermectin as positive control, were used. The ovicidal effect data were analyzed with a completely randomized design by analysis of variance using the general linear model and the tukey test (P <0.05); the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were estimated by the Probit analysis of the statistical analysis systems (SAS) program. Concentration dosage depended extracts effects, were observed, where the ovicidal activity was comparatively similar to the positive control to the doses of 1.2 mg / mL for the acetonic extract (AE) and 0.78 mg / mL for the ethanolic extract (EE), respectively (P <0.0001). The LC50 were AE = 0.23 mg / mL and EE = 0.014 mg / mL; LC90 AE = 1.04 mg / mL and EE = 0.14 mg / mL, for each extract, respectively. The results indicate that the EHI of the extracts elaborated with the C. coriaria fruits in acetonic and ethanolic solvent extract secondary compounds that have activity against H. contortus eggs, nevertheless, requires of greater investigations as antiparasitic for its direct animal use
Lessons Learned: A Reflection of Five Years of Engaging Educators with Digital Museum Resources
Authors: Larouche Marie-Claude , Talbert Christina , Monaco Giuseppe
Published: January 2022

This article reports lessons learned from educator need-centered professional development offerings (PD) on accessing and using digital museum resources through the Smithsonian Learning Lab (SLL), a free, interactive platform for discovering digital resources, creating content with online tools, and sharing with communities of learners. Since the platform launched in late 2015, the Smithsonian Office of Education Technology has engaged more than 20,000 educators on the use of the SLL through PD that was offered both in-person and digitally, synchronously and asynchronously, frequently through partners within the network of Smithsonian Affiliate museums. Results from more than 1,100 aggregated surveys, 50 in-depth interviews, and five focus groups were triangulated and demonstrated that PD was associated with increased participants’ awareness of, skills in, and frequency in using the SLL, creating, and sharing content, and overall satisfaction with the platform. Educators, especially those who participated in PD, agreed with statements about successfully achieving student learning outcomes when using SLL in classrooms. Findings highlighted the importance of cultivating long-term, supportive relationships with PD participants and partners and offering consistently available support with museum staff well beyond the workshops. They also pointed to the value of user-centered marketing research and strategies to broaden the reach of digital learning resources. As museums and cultural organizations work to meet the increasing demand to engage educators digitally, these concrete lessons can be adapted and applied to institutions that provide access to digital resources to educators.
Relative measurement and scope in Mandarin
Authors: Li Haoze
Published: January 2022

It is well known that the scope of quantifiers is not uniform: different quantifiers exhibit different scope properties. This paper examines the scope of a relatively understudied quantificational DP—relative measure phrases that contain proportional number expressions like 40%, one third, half, etc and relate one quantity to another. Based on relative measurement constructions in Mandarin, I observe that a relative measure phrase exhibits distinct scope patterns when it participates in the so-called ‘conservative’ and ‘non-conservative’ reading (terminology from Ahn & Sauerland (2017)). I pursue a decompositional analysis to account for the scopal difference: a relative measure phrase is decomposed into a degree quantifier denoted by the proportional number expression and a counting quantifier. A proportional number expression can take DP-internal scope or DP-external scope. Different scope taking strategies face different constraints, which in turn give rise to distinct scope possibilities.
Evaluación farmacológica de la actividad antinociceptiva y análisis fitoquímico de los extractos activos de Salvia purpurea Cav.
Authors: Cuevas-Morales Cristian , Zavala-Ocampo Lizeth M. , San Miguel-Chávez Rubén , González-Trujano María Eva , Basurto-Peña Francisco A. , Muñoz-Ocotero Verónica , Aguirre-Hernández Eva
Published: January 2022

Antecedentes: Salvia purpurea Cav., comúnmente conocida como “salvia moradita”, es una planta medicinal usada en Oaxaca, Veracruz y Chiapas por sus propiedades analgésica, antiinflamatoria y antidiarreica. Sin embargo, no existen evidencias científicas que soporten su potencial para el alivio del dolor.
Hipótesis: Terpenos y compuestos fenólicos son responsables de la actividad antinociceptiva de extractos de S. purpurea .
Especie estudiada: Salvia purpurea Cav. (Lamiaceae).
Lugar de estudio y año: Salvia purpurea se colectó en Santiago Huauclilla, Oaxaca, en octubre de 2017.
Métodos: La toxicidad aguda (Dosis letal media, DL50) de los extractos de acetona, metanol y acuoso de S. purpurea se determinó mediante el protocolo de la OCDE (2001). Los extractos se administraron vía oral (p.o.) en un rango de dosis de 3 a 300 mg/kg para evaluar el efecto antinociceptivo utilizando las pruebas de estiramiento abdominal y formalina en ratones.  El análisis por HPLC se realizó para identificar la naturaleza de los metabolitos presentes en los extractos activos en comparación con sus respectivos estándares.
Resultados: La toxicidad aguda de todos los extractos fue calculada como DL50 > 2000 mg/kg, p.o. El efecto antinociceptivo fue significativo en todas las dosis probadas y en forma no dependiente de la dosis para todos los extractos y en ambas pruebas. El análisis fitoquímico permitió identificar a compuestos de naturaleza terpénica y fenólica.
Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio refuerzan el uso como analgésico y antiinflamatorio de S. purpurea en la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana, donde terpenos y compuestos fenólicos participan en dichas actividades.
Early adolescent bystanders' experiences of school bullying in a South African school
Authors: Adewoye Segun Emmanuel , du Plessis Annelize
Published: January 2022

Bystanders of school bullying are relatively under-researched in the literature on bullying because most studies in this area focus primarily on bullies or on the direct victims of bullying. In this study, we aimed to explore the lived experience of early adolescent bystanders who witnessed bullying in a South African school. We followed a qualitative research approach and adopted a phenomenological research design. We purposefully selected 10 early adolescent bystanders to participate in the study. We recorded the interviews that were then transcribed. We used inductive thematic analysis to analyse the qualitative data. The findings of this study revealed the various emotional and behavioural reactions of bystanders to witnessing school bullying. We recommend that anti-bullying programs be included in the curriculum so that teachers and school psychologists can emphasise the negative impacts of bullying that include psychological, educational, and emotional consequences on everyone who is exposed to it.
Актуальные характеристики школьной образовательной экосистемы
Authors: Заир-Бек Сергей , Мерцалова Татьяна , Анчиков Константин
Published: January 2022

В бюллетене представлены результаты Мониторинга экономики образования, отражающие состояние школьной образовательной экосистемы. Проанализированы ответы респондентов (учителей школ и родителей учеников), позволяющие оценить значимые компоненты школьной образовательной инфраструктуры: школьные здания и помещения, оборудование, цифровые средства обучения и др. Сопоставлены данные о наличии материальных ресурсов, их качестве, способах использования, влиянии на образовательные отношения и образовательные результаты. Отмечается, что в настоящее время школа в основном обеспечена современными элементами образовательной инфраструктуры, однако продолжает испытывать ряд дефицитов. К ним относятся, например, пространства и средства, предназначенные для индивидуализации образовательных траекторий. Особое внимание уделяется отношениям между учащимися, учителями и родителями школьников, их удовлетворенности условиями обучения. В публикации использованы данные Мониторинга экономики образования, федерального статистического наблюдения, результаты социологических исследований, проведенных за последние три года в рамках указанной проблематики.
Eş zamanlı çok işlem parçacıklı işlemcilerde adalet için güvenli önbellek paylaşımı
Authors: SARI Sercan , DEMİR Onur
Published: January 2022

Bulut bilişimin yaygın kullanımı, sanallaştırma ve uzaktan çalıştırma nedeniyle sunucu kaynaklarının birden fazla bilgisayar tarafından paylaşılması, donanımı paylaşılan bir kaynak haline getirmiş,ve donanım güvenliği daha fazla önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Meltdown ve Spectre saldırılarında olduğu gibi önbellek tabanlı yan kanal saldırıları yoluyla şifreleme anahtarları gibi gizli bilgileri çıkarmak mümkündür. Güvenli donanım çalışmaları içinde, güvenli önbellek mimarileri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar daha derin bir odak noktası haline geldi. Güvenli önbellek mimarileri kaçınılmaz bir performans kaybıyla birlikte gelir, çünkü her zaman saldırganlardan bilgi gizlemenin bir işleme ya da saklama maliyeti vardır. Performansın düşüşünü kullanıcılar arasında adil bir şekilde paylaştırmak, güvenlik çözümlerinde göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile birlikte, mevcut mimarilerin performans bozulmalarını analiz edip, genel çerçevenin adaletliliğini artıran yeni bir çözüm sunuyoruz. Önbellek tabanlı yan kanal saldırılarına karşı, bir işlemci içindeki rakip iş parçacıkları arasında adalete saygı duyan güvenli bir önbellek mekanizması öneriyoruz. FairSDP mimarisini 4 iş parçacıklı ve 8 iş parçacıklı işlemcilerde değerlendirdik. Sonuç olarak, 4 iş parçacıklı bir sistemde ortalama olarak SecDCP (Güvenli ve Dinamik Önbellek Bölümleme) mimarisine kıyasla yüzde 38,6 performans artışı elde ediyoruz. 8 iş parçacıklı bir sistemde taban çizgisine göre yüzde 8,7'ye kadar performans iyileştirmesi, statik bölümlemeye kıyasla yüzde 9,2 daha iyi performans ve ortalama olarak SecDCP'ye göre yüzde 14,1 performans artışı sağlayabildiğimizi gösteriyoruz. Ayrıca, güvenli olmayan bir dinamik önbellek bölümleme tekniğine kıyasla adalet metriği açısından hemen hemen aynı sonuçları elde ederiz.
Karbonize edilmiş Antep fıstığı kabuk atıklarından iletken, esnek polimer kompozit üretimi ve karakterizasyonu
Authors: ÇETİN Mukaddes Şevval , DEMİREL Aybüke Sultan , TOPRAKÇI Ozan , KARAHAN TOPRAKCİ Hatice Aylin
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada, karbonize edilmiş antep fıstığı kabuğu atığı içeren esnek iletken polimer kompozitler üretilmiştir. Antep fıstığı kabuk atıkları iletken karbon yapısının elde edilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, karbonize edilmiş antep fıtığı kabuk atıkları ve poli[stiren-b-(etilen-ko-butilen)-b-stiren]matris kullanarak esnek, iletken kompozitler üretilmiştir. Kompozit filmler çözeltiden dökme ve sıcak presleme yöntemleri ile üretilmiştir. Kompozit filmlere, ağırlıkça % 5-50 arasında değişen oranlarda dolgu maddesi ilave edilmiştir. Numunelerin hacimsel özdirenç değerleri belirlenmiş ve perkolasyon eğrisi çizilmiştir. Perkolasyon bölgesi %10-30 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elektriksel karakterizasyonun yanında, morfolojik ve mekanik karakterizasyon da gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, hem morfolojik hem de mekanik özelliklerin yüksek dolgu konsantrasyonlarında kötüleştiği görülmüştür.
DDL: Çoklu kapı numarası tespit etme ve kümeleme için derin öğrenme tabanlı yeni bir yaklaşım
Authors: TAŞYÜREK Murat , ÖZTÜRK Celal
Published: January 2022

Işığın değişkenliği, arka plan karmaşası, şiddetli bulanıklık, tutarsız çözünürlük ve farklı ölçekli derinlik gibi birçok faktörden dolayı doğal görüntülerde karakter tanıma oldukça zor problemdir. Bu özelliklerin yanı sıra sokak görünüm fotoğraflarında doğa olaylarının da etkisiyle karakterlerde ve sayılarda bozulmalara rastlanır. Sokak görünümlerinden kapı numaralarını tespit etmek ve okumak, doğal sahne metni tanıma kategorisine giren bir bilgisayar görme problemidir. Evrişimsel sinir ağı (convolutional neural network - CNN) modeli görüntü analizlerinde en sık kullanılan derin öğrenme (deep learning - DL) yöntemlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak doğal görüntülerinde kapı numarası bulunan görüntülerden karakter okumak için CNN temelli DL yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ancak, özellikle görüntüde birden fazla kapı numarasının olduğu veya derinliklerin çok değişken olduğu durumlarda yeterince başarılı sonuçlar elde edilememiştir. DL yönteminin doğruluğunu artırmak aynı zamanda doğal görüntülerin oluşturduğu veri boyutunu azaltmak için farklı iki adet CNN modeli kullanan yeni bir yaklaşım DDL (deep in deep learning) önerilmiştir. Önerilen DDL yaklaşımının performansı, Kayseri Büyükşehir Belediyesi (KBB) Yeşilhisar ilçesinin 2019 yılına ait GPS konum bilgisiyle fotoğrafı çekilen 35 adet mahallenin bina sokak görüntülerinden oluşan 113 GB (gigabayt) boyuta sahip 17.618 adet görüntü içeren gerçek veriler kullanılarak, DL yaklaşımının performansıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlar, önerilen DDL yaklaşımının DL yaklaşımına göre daha doğru sonuçlar ürettiğini ve daha az depolama alanı kullandığını göstermektedir.
Ultra Expansion microscopy protocol with improved setup for upright and inverted microscopes. v1
Authors: not provided Elinacasas , LANDREIN Nicolas , Bonhivers Mélanie
Published: January 2022

Ultra
Understanding the EU’s Response to LGBTI Rights Violations: Inter-Institutional Differences and Social Sanctions
Authors: Saltnes Johanne Døhlie , Mos Martijn
Published: January 2022

This article aims to enrich the literature on EU sanctions in two ways. First, it argues that the absence of material sanctions does not imply a non-response. When faced with human rights violations, policymakers enjoy a third option besides exerting material pressure or refraining from intervening. They may instead employ what constructivist scholars call social sanctions. This option consists of verbally calling out the violators, either publicly, through a naming-and-shaming strategy, or diplomatically via political dialogue and demarches. Social sanctions can be a credible alternative or complement to material sanctions. Second, we argue for the importance of disaggregating the EU as a sender of sanctions. A non-response by executive institutions does not mean that the EU as a whole is standing idly by. Looking at social sanctions alongside material ones more accurately describes the choices policymakers face when designing their response to human rights violations. We demonstrate the value of our arguments by examining the EU’s various responses to LGBTI rights violations in Lithuania and Uganda.