bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Features in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Genhao , Sun Jianping
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cancer cells under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has a poor prognosis. This study is aimed at discovering credible biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of HCC based on ER stress-related genes (ERSRGs). We constructed a novel four-ERSRG prognostic risk model, including PON1, AGR2, SSR2, and TMCC1, through a series of bioinformatic approaches, which can accurately predict survival outcomes in HCC patients. Higher risk scores were linked to later grade, recurrence, advanced TNM stage, later T stage, and HBV infection. In addition, 20 fresh frozen tumors and normal tissues from HCC patients were collected and used to validate the genes expressed in the signature by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Moreover, we found the ER stress-related signature could reflect the infiltration levels of different immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and forecast the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Finally, we created a nomogram incorporating this ER stress-related signature. In conclusion, our constructed four-gene risk model associated with ER stress can accurately predict survival outcomes in HCC patients, and the model’s risk score is associated with the poor clinical classification.
A criação da prelazia de Registro do Araguaia em 1914: as ofensivas da Santa Sé ao Serviço de Proteção ao Índio
Authors: Marin Jérri Roberto
Published: August 2022

Este artigo analisa a criação da prelazia de Registro do Araguaia, em 1914, em Mato Grosso. A política indigenista do governo acirrou as disputas e as tensões entre a Igreja e o Estado em torno da gestão e tutela das populações indígenas. O núncio apostólico Giuseppe Aversa avaliou aquela conjuntura como adversa à catequese religiosa e considerou as missões salesianas como as mais ameaçadas do Brasil. Como reação, propôs a intervenção da Santa Sé para salvaguardar a presença da Igreja Católica entre as populações indígenas. Neste trabalho, busco contribuir com esse debate agregando à análise um conjunto de fontes diversificadas encontradas no Arquivo Apostólico Vaticano, no Arquivo da Sagrada Congregação dos Trabalhos Eclesiásticos Extraordinários e na Hemeroteca Digital, que permitiram compreender as articulações, estratégias e os projetos do núncio e da Santa Sé frente às políticas indigenistas do governo e do Serviço de Proteção ao Índio.
The role of skin-to-skin contact in exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study
Authors: Goudard Marivanda Julia Furtado , Lamy Zeni Carvalho , Marba Sérgio Tadeu Martins , Lima Geisy Maria de Souza , Santos Alcione Miranda dos , Vale Marynea Silva do , Ribeiro Talyta Garcia da Silva , Costa Roberta , Azevedo Vivian Mara Gonçalves de Oliveira , Lamy-Filho Fernando
Published: August 2022

OBJETIVE To understand the role of exposure to skin-to-skin contact and its minimum duration in determining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in infants weighing up to 1,800g at birth. METHODS A multicenter cohort study was carried out in five Brazilian neonatal units. Infants weighing ≤ 1,800g at birth were eligible. Skin-to-skin contact time was recorded by the health care team and parents on an individual chart. Maternal and infant data was obtained from maternal questionnaires and medical records. The Classification Tree, a machine learning method, was used for data analysis; the tree growth algorithm, using statistical tests, partitions the dataset into mutually exclusive subsets that best describe the response variable and calculates appropriate cut-off points for continuous variables, thus generating an efficient explanatory model for the outcome under study. RESULTS A total of 388 infants participated in the study, with a median of 31.6 (IQR = 29–31.8) weeks of gestation age and birth weight of 1,429g (IQR = 1,202–1,610). The exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge was 61.6%. For infant’s weighting between 1,125g and 1,655g, exposed to skin-to-skin contact was strongly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Moreover, infants who made an average > 149.6 min/day of skin-to-skin contact had higher chances in this outcome (74% versus 46%). In this group, those who received a severity score (SNAPPE-II) equal to zero increased their chances of breastfeeding (83% versus 63%). CONCLUSION Skin-to-skin contact proved to be of great relevance in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge for preterm infants weighing 1,125g–1,655g at birth, especially in those with lower severity scores.
Characteristics of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Across the Range of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Rosch Sebastian , Kresoja Karl-Patrik , Besler Christian , Fengler Karl , Schöber Anne Rebecca , von Roeder Maximilian , Lücke Christian , Gutberlet Matthias , Klingel Karin , Thiele Holger , Rommel Karl-Philipp , Lurz Philipp
Published: August 2022

Background:

Recent trial data suggest that stratification of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) provides a means for dissecting different treatment responses. However, the differential pathophysiologic considerations have rarely been described.

Methods:

This prospective, single-center study analyzed consecutive symptomatic patients with HFpEF diagnosed according to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines. Patients were grouped into LVEF 50% to 60% and LVEF >60% cohorts. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Transfemoral cardiac catheterization was performed to derive load-dependent and load-independent left ventricular (LV) properties on pressure–volume loop analyses.

Results:

Fifty-six patients with HFpEF were enrolled and divided into LVEF 50% to 60% (n=21) and LVEF >60% (n=35) cohorts. On cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the LVEF >60% cohort showed lower LV end-diastolic volumes (
P
=0.019) and end-systolic volumes (
P
=0.001) than the LVEF 50% to 60% cohort; stroke volume (
P
=0.821) did not differ between the cohorts. Extracellular volume fraction was higher in the LVEF 50% to 60% cohort than in the LVEF >60% cohort (0.332 versus 0.309;
P
=0.018). Pressure-volume loop analyses demonstrated higher baseline LV contractility (end-systolic elastance, 1.85 vs 1.33 mm Hg/mL;
P
<0.001) and passive diastolic stiffness (β constant, 0.032 versus 0.018;
P
=0.004) in the LVEF >60% cohort. Ventriculo-arterial coupling (end-systolic elastance/arterial elastance) at rest was in the range of optimized stroke work in the LVEF >60% cohort but was impaired in the LVEF 50% to 60% cohort (1.01 versus 0.80;
P
=0.005). During handgrip exercise, patients with LVEF >60% had higher increases in end-systolic elastance (1.85 versus 0.82 mm Hg/mL;
P
=0.023), attenuated increases in indexed end-systolic volume (−1 versus 7 mL/m²;
P
<0.004), and more exaggerated increases in LV filling pressures (8 vs 5 mm Hg;
P
=0.023). LV stroke volume decreased in the LVEF >60% cohort (
P
=0.007) under exertion.

Conclusions:

Patients with HFpEF in whom LVEF ranged from 50% to 60% demonstrated reduced contractility, impaired ventriculo-arterial coupling, and higher extracellular volume fraction. In contrast, patients with HFpEF and a LVEF >60% demonstrated a hypercontractile state with excessive LV afterload and diminished preload reserve. A LVEF-based stratification of patients with HFpEF identified distinct morphologic and pathophysiologic subphenotypes.
New Frontiers of Natural Language Processing in Surgery
Authors: Morris Miranda X. , Song Ethan Y. , Rajesh Aashish , Kass Nicolas , Asaad Malke , Phillips Brett T.
Published: August 2022

The vast and ever-growing volume of electronic health records (EHR) have generated a wealth of information-rich data. Traditional, non-machine learning data extraction techniques are error-prone and laborious, hindering the analytical potential of these massive data sources. Equipped with natural language processing (NLP) tools, surgeons are better able to automate, and customize their review to investigate and implement surgical solutions. We identify current perioperative applications of NLP algorithms as well as research limitations and future avenues to outline the impact and potential of this technology for progressing surgical innovation.
Management of Concurrent Pediatric Blunt Aortic and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Moturu Anoosha , Mehl Steven C. , Miranda Jorge , Mills Joseph , Rosenfeld Eric , Naik-Mathuria Bindi
Published: August 2022

This is the case of a pediatric blunt trauma patient who presented with a concurrent blunt traumatic aortic and severe brain injury. We describe successful simultaneous management of the aortic and brain injury with delayed endovascular repair of the aorta. This report details the importance of multidisciplinary discussion in definitive management of children with these concurrent injuries and the endovascular technical considerations in children.
Innovative online learning in entrepreneurship education: The impact of embedding real-life industry practice in the virtual learning environment
Authors: Oliver Paul G , Oliver Stanley
Published: August 2022

Applied areas of entrepreneurship are growing in popularity due to the ongoing need for students to gain specialised skills to find employment after graduation. This study explores how educational scaffolding can facilitate the delivery of online experiential activities to improve the entrepreneurial learning experience and the performance of music management students by using information and communications technology tools within the virtual learning environment. A case study methodology was adopted to present two scenarios of innovative online learning delivered in a postgraduate programme in music management. This research takes into consideration the difficult transitional journey for some students from studying to being immediately thrust into the workplace, which often requires different types of knowledge, experience, skills and competences. The findings show that, by strengthening industry links, tutors can build a portfolio of online practical activities that represent the ‘real-life’ industry, helping to forge long-term, collaborative partnerships to facilitate learners’ acquisition of more meaningful knowledge and opportunities.
Playing Minecraft: Young children’s postdigital play
Authors: Pettersen Kenneth , Arnseth Hans Christian , Silseth Kenneth
Published: August 2022

New sociomaterial and performative directions in literacy research on digital technologies and play in early childhoods may complicate the established concept of digital play. This study contributes to this line of research by empirically expanding on the concept of the postdigital. In the study, postdigital refers to how both “digital” and “non-digital” agentic materialities are allowed to act messily in contemporary early childhood play, unsettling the notion of the digital as a discrete category. By analyzing a case of two five-year-old children playing Minecraft with wooden and synthetic blocks in a preschool common room within an agential realist framework, we find that a postdigital play practice is performed through playful, sociomaterial configurations of “joining,” “building,” and “not running out of things.”
Genome-wide association study identifying genetic variants associated with carcass backfat thickness, lean percentage and fat percentage in a four-way crossbred pig population using SLAF-seq technology
Authors: Wang Huiyu , Wang Xiaoyi , Yan Dawei , Sun Hao , Chen Qiang , Li Mingli , Dong Xinxing , Pan Yuchun , Lu Shaoxiong
Published: August 2022

Background

Carcass backfat thickness (BFT), carcass lean percentage (CLP) and carcass fat percentage (CFP) are important to the commercial pig industry. Nevertheless, the genetic architecture of BFT, CLP and CFP is still elusive. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to analyze seven fatness-related traits, including five BFTs, CLP, and CFP on 223 four-way crossbred pigs.

Results

A total of 227, 921 highly consistent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) evenly distributed throughout the genome were used to perform GWAS. Using the mixed linear model (MLM), a total of 20 SNP loci significantly related to these traits were identified on tenSus scrofachromosomes (SSC), of which 10 SNPs were located in previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. On SSC7, two SNPs (SSC7:29,503,670 and rs1112937671) for average backfat thickness (ABFT) exceeded 1% and 10% Bonferroni genome-wide significance levels, respectively. These two SNP loci were located within an intron region of theCOL21A1gene, which was a protein-coding gene that played an important role in the porcine backfat deposition by affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In addition, based on the other three significant SNPs on SSC7, five candidate genes,ZNF184,ZNF391,HMGA1,GRM4andNUDT3were proposed to influence BFT. On SSC9, two SNPs for backfat thickness at 6–7 ribs (67RBFT) and one SNP for CLP were in the same locus region (19 kb interval). These three SNPs were located in thePGM2L1gene, which encoded a protein that played an indispensable role in glycogen metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis as a key enzyme. Finally, one significant SNP on SSC14 for CLP was located within thePLBD2gene, which participated in the lipid catabolic process.

Conclusions

A total of two regions on SSC7 and SSC9 and eight potential candidate genes were found for fatness-related traits in pigs. The results of this GWAS based on SLAF-seq will greatly advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of BFT, CLP, and CFP traits. These identified SNP loci and candidate genes might serve as a biological basis for improving the important fatness-related traits of pigs.
Development and validation of a predictive model to identify the active phase of labor
Authors: Fumagalli Simona , Antolini Laura , Cosmai Greta , Gramegna Teresa , Nespoli Antonella , Pedranzini Astrid , Colciago Elisabetta , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Vergani Patrizia , Locatelli Anna
Published: August 2022

Background

The diagnosis of the active phase of labor is a crucial clinical decision, thus requiring an accurate assessment. This study aimed to build and to validate a predictive model, based on maternal signs and symptoms to identify a cervical dilatation ≥4 cm.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted from May to September 2018 in a II Level Maternity Unit (development data), and from May to September 2019 in a I Level Maternity Unit (validation data). Women with singleton, term pregnancy, cephalic presentation and presence of contractions were consecutively enrolled during the initial assessment to diagnose the stage of labor. Women < 18 years old, with language barrier or induction of labor were excluded. A nomogram for the calculation of the predictions of cervical dilatation ≥4 cm on the ground of 11 maternal signs and symptoms was obtained from a multivariate logistic model. The predictive performance of the model was investigated by internal and external validation.

Results

A total of 288 assessments were analyzed. All maternal signs and symptoms showed a significant impact on increasing the probability of cervical dilatation ≥4 cm. In the final logistic model, “Rhythm” (OR 6.26), “Duration” (OR 8.15) of contractions and “Show” (OR 4.29) confirmed their significance while, unexpectedly, “Frequency” of contractions had no impact. The area under the ROC curve in the model of the uterine activity was 0.865 (development data) and 0.927 (validation data), with an increment to 0.905 and 0.956, respectively, when adding maternal signs.

The Brier Score error in the model of the uterine activity was 0.140 (development data) and 0.097 (validation data), with a decrement to 0.121 and 0.092, respectively, when adding maternal signs.

Conclusion

Our predictive model showed a good performance. The introduction of a non-invasive tool might assist midwives in the decision-making process, avoiding interventions and thus offering an evidenced-base care.
Consecutive reference intervals for biochemical indices related to serum lipid levels and renal function during normal pregnancy
Authors: Wu Lina , Wu Qijun , Li Qiang , Cao Shuang , Zhang Yue , Liu Yong , Qin Xiaosong
Published: August 2022

Background

Physiological changes that occur during pregnancy can influence serum lipid levels and laboratory tests for renal function. Therefore, we established consecutive and reliable RIs for serum lipid and renal function indices for pregnant women in China throughout the entirety of pregnancy.

Methods

We included 120 healthy pregnant women who underwent a naturally conceived and uncomplicated pregnancy and delivered a healthy singleton neonate. Serum samples were collected at ten time points (pre-pregnancy, gestational age ≤ 8 weeks (W), 8 W+1 to 12 W, 12 W+1 to 16 W, 16 W+1 to 20 W, 20 W+1 to 24 W, 24 W+1 to 28 W, 28 W+1 to 32 W, 32 W+1 to 36 W, and 36 W+1 to 40 W) and analyzed for ten common serum lipid and renal function analytes. RIs were calculated according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine recommendations and compared with the established RIs for healthy adult women.

Results

During pregnancy, we observed significant increases in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1), apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), cystatin C (Cys-C), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We also observed clear reductions in urea, creatinine (Crea), and uric acid (UA). Compared with the previously established RIs, the most significant misclassifications were recorded for TG, Apo-A1, Crea, and eGFR.

Conclusions

We successfully described key changes in serum lipid levels and renal function indices throughout pregnancy. It is important to establish RIs for blood indices in women undergoing normal pregnancies during different period of pregnancy to avoid the misdiagnosis of disease states.
The impact of a breast cancer educational intervention in Ghanaian high schools
Authors: Nsaful Josephine , Dedey Florence , Nartey Edmund , Labi Juliana , Adu-Aryee Nii Armah , Clegg-Lamptey Joe Nat
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Globally breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer with an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths in 2020. Late presentation is the hallmark of breast cancer in Ghana for which ignorance and fear are the major reasons fuelled largely by myths and misconceptions. Breast cancer awareness and education needs to start early to bring about a change in knowledge, attitude and practices. However, Breast cancer awareness activities in Ghana have usually targeted adult women.

This study assessed the impact of breast cancer education among adolescent high school girls in Ghana.

Methodology

A pre- post-test quasi experimental study was conducted at two senior high schools. A self-administered pre-educational questionnaire was followed by an educational intervention consisting of a drama, PowerPoint lecture, question and answer session and distribution of breast cancer information leaflets. After 3 months the same questionnaire was administered as a post-education test to assess the impact of the educational intervention. The total score for each domain was categorised into adequate knowledge > 50% and inadequate knowledge < 50%.

Results

The number of participants in the pre-test and post-test were 1043 and 1274; the median ages [IQR] were 16.0 [15.0–17.0] for both the pre and post-test students. General knowledge on breast cancer at pre-education (29.1%) improved to 72.5% (p < 0.001). Knowledge on signs and symptoms improved from 33.1 to 55% (p < 0.001); knowledge on risk factors improved from 55.3 to 79.2% (p < 0.001), and knowledge on breast self-examination and screening improved from 9.8 to 22.2% (p < 0.001). The overall performance of the students improved from 17.2 to 59.4% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

There is inadequate knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination among senior high school girls in Ghana. Our breast cancer educational intervention was effective in improving general knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, signs and symptoms and breast self-examination. The overall knowledge base improved from 17.2 to 59.4% 3 months post intervention, accompanied by an increase in the reported practice of breast self-examination and a greater belief that breast cancer is curable. This study has demonstrated the need for a school breast cancer educational program and that breast cancer education in high schools is effective.
Space–time dynamics regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia
Authors: Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Zewotir Temesgen , Muluneh Essey Kebede
Published: August 2022

Background

A single anthropometric index such as stunting, wasting, or underweight does not show the holistic picture of under-five children's undernutrition status. To alleviate this problem, we adopted a multifaceted single index known as the composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF). Using this undernutrition index, we investigated the disparities of Ethiopian under-five children's undernutrition status in space and time.

Methods

Data for analysis were extracted from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHSs). The space–time dynamics models were formulated to explore the effects of different covariates on undernutrition among children under five in 72 administrative zones in Ethiopia.

Results

The general nested spatial–temporal dynamic model with spatial and temporal lags autoregressive components was found to be the most adequate (AIC = -409.33, R2 = 96.01) model. According to the model results, the increase in the percentage of breastfeeding mothers in the zone decreases the CIAF rates of children in the zone. Similarly, the increase in the percentages of parental education, and mothers’ nutritional status in the zones decreases the CIAF rate in the zone. On the hand, increased percentages of households with unimproved water access, unimproved sanitation facilities, deprivation of women's autonomy, unemployment of women, and lower wealth index contributed to the increased CIAF rate in the zone.

Conclusion

The CIAF risk factors are spatially and temporally correlated across 72 administrative zones in Ethiopia. There exist geographical differences in CIAF among the zones, which are influenced by spatial neighborhoods of the zone and temporal lags within the zone. Hence these findings emphasize the need to take the spatial neighborhood and historical/temporal contexts into account when planning CIAF prevention.
Deoxynivalenol damages the intestinal barrier and biota of the broiler chickens
Authors: Wan Shuangxiu , Sun Na , Li Hongquan , Khan Ajab , Zheng Xiaozhong , Sun Yaogui , Fan Ruiwen
Published: August 2022

Background

In the livestock feed industry, feed and feed raw materials are extremely susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the main risk factors for mycotoxin contamination in broiler feed and feedstuff, however, there is still little knowledge about this. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the toxicity effect of DON on the intestinal barrier and the microecological balance of the biota in broiler chickens.

Results

In our present study, we compared the pathological scores of the small intestines of broilers on the 5th, 7th, and 10th day, and chose the 7th day to analyze the small intestine histomorphology, tight junctions, and cecal biota of the broilers. The results showed the damage to the small intestine worsened over time, the small intestinal villi of broilers were breakage, the tight junctions of the small intestine were destroyed, the cecal biota was unbalanced, and the growth performance of broilers was reduced on the 7th day.

Conclusions

DON could damage the functional and structural completeness of the intestinal tract, disorder the Intestinal biota, and finally lead to declined broiler performance. Our study provided a basis for the prevention and treatment of DON in broiler production.
A case of esophageal atresia with the bronchial-like lower esophagus which originates from the left lower lobe bronchus
Authors: Tanimoto Terutaka , Noda Takuo , Imaji Reisuke , Nouso Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Background

Esophageal atresia with or without a trachea–esophageal fistula occurs due to the failure of separation or incomplete development of the foregut. Therefore, esophageal atresia is often associated with various forms of tracheobronchial anomalies. We report an extremely rare case of esophageal atresia.

Case presentation

A female infant was born at 37 weeks of gestation and weighed 2596 g. A diagnosis of esophageal atresia and total anomalous pulmonary vein return type III were confirmed. The infant had respiratory distress that required tracheal intubation and ventilatory support soon after birth. Temporary banding of the gastroesophageal junction and gastrostomy were performed on the second day of life. However, her respiratory condition deteriorated due to atelectasis of the left lung and compensatory hyperinflation of the right lung. Preoperative examinations showed the unilobe and atelectatic left lung. The trachea was trifurcated in three directions, and the branch that was expected to be the left main bronchus was blind-ended. The dorsal branch was cartilaginous and bifurcated into the left lower lobe bronchus and lower esophagus approximately 1 cm distal from the tracheal trifurcation. The cartilaginous tissue continued to the lower esophagus. The diagnosis of esophageal atresia with the lower esophagus which originated from the left lower lobe bronchus was made. Esophageal atresia repair was performed when the patient was 4 months of age. The esophagus was dissected distally to the bifurcation of the left lower lobe bronchus via right thoracotomy. The lower esophagus was bronchial-like in appearance, transitioning to the normal esophageal wall approximately 7 mm distal to the transected edge. The cartilage tissue was completely resected during surgery, and a primary end-to-end anastomosis of the esophagus was successfully performed. Histopathological findings revealed that the extracted specimen was surrounded by tracheal cartilage and that the inner surface was covered by stratified squamous epithelium that originated from the esophagus.

Conclusions

In cases of esophageal atresia with an atypical clinical presentation, there may be unique structural abnormalities of the foregut. We emphasize the importance of a preoperative surgical planning since an inadequate operation can lead to fatal complications.
Increased pulsatility index of the basilar artery is a risk factor for neurological deterioration after stroke: a case control study
Authors: Yoo Il-Han , Kim Jeong-Min , Han Su-Hyun , Ryu Jaiyoung , Jung Keun-Hwa , Park Kwang-Yeol
Published: August 2022

Background

Higher pulsatility of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is known to be associated with stroke progression. We investigated whether pulsatility index (PI) of the basilar artery (BA) can predict neurological deterioration (ND) after acute cerebral infarction.

Methods

A total of 708 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke who had undergone transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography were included. ND was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores by two or more points after admission. The patients were categorized into quartiles according to BA PI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine whether BA PI is independently associated with ND.

Results

BA PI was well correlated with the right (n = 474, r2 = 0.573, P < 0.001) by Pearson correlation analysis although MCA PI could not be measured from right MCA (n = 234, 33.05%) and left MCA (n = 252, 35.59%) by TCD owing to insufficient temporal bone window. Multivariable logistic regression analysis including age, sex, cerebral atherosclerosis burden, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission, and the proportion of patients with current smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation revealed that the higher BA PI (odds ratio, 3.28; confidence interval, 1.07–10.17; P = 0.038) was independently associated with ND.

Conclusions

BA PI, which would be identified regardless of temporal window, could predict ND among acute stroke patients.
An exploration of enhancing thermal stability of leather by hydrophilicity regulation: effect of hydrophilicity of phenolic syntan
Authors: Sun Qingyong , Zeng Yunhang , Yu Yue , Wang Ya-nan , Shi Bi
Published: August 2022

Effect of retanning on the thermal stability of leather is eliciting increasing attention. However, the relationship between the hydrophilicity of retanning agents and the heat resistance of leather and the corresponding mechanism remain unclear. Herein, phenolic formaldehyde syntans (PFSs) were selected as models to explore the effect of the hydrophilicity of retanning agents on the thermal stability of retanned leather. The thermal stability of leather was closely correlated to the hydrophilic group content (sulfonation degree) of PFSs. As the sulfonation degree decreased, the water absorption rate of PFSs and their retanned leathers decreased, whereas the thermal stability of leather increased. Molecular dynamics simulation results proved that the introduction of PFSs could reduce the binding ability of collagen molecules with water and thus decreased the water molecules around the PFS-treated collagen. These results may provide guidance for the tanners to select retanning agents reasonably to improve the thermal stability of leather.

Graphical Abstract
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab and Adjuvant Nivolumab in Localized Deficient Mismatch Repair/Microsatellite Instability–High Gastric or Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma: The GERCOR NEONIPIGA Phase II Study
Authors: André Thierry , Tougeron David , Piessen Guillaume , de la Fouchardière Christelle , Louvet Christophe , Adenis Antoine , Jary Marine , Tournigand Christophe , Aparicio Thomas , Desrame Jérôme , Lièvre Astrid , Garcia-Larnicol Marie-Line , Pudlarz Thomas , Cohen Romain , Memmi Salomé , Vernerey Dewi , Henriques Julie , Lefevre Jérémie H. , Svrcek Magali
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

In patients with resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, surgery plus perioperative platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard of care. Perioperative chemotherapy remains debatable for gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

NEONIPIGA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04006262 ) phase II study evaluated neoadjuvant nivolumab 240 mg once every two weeks ×6 and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg once every six weeks ×2, followed by surgery and adjuvant nivolumab 480 mg once every four weeks (nine injections) in patients with locally advanced resectable dMMR/MSI-H, clinical (c) tumor (T)2-T4 node (N)x metastasis (M)0 gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The primary end point was a pathological complete response (pCR) rate.

RESULTS

Between October 2019 and June 2021, 32 patients with dMMR/MSI-H gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma were enrolled. The median age was 65.5 years (range, 40-80). Clinical stages were cT2-T3N0 (n = 9), cT2-T3N1 (n = 22), and cT3N1M1 (n = 1, wrongly included). With a median follow-up of 14.9 months (95% CI, 10.6 to 17.6), 32 patients received neoadjuvant immunotherapy (27 patients completed all cycles). Neoadjuvant therapy-related grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in six patients (19%). Twenty-nine patients underwent surgery; three did not have surgery and had complete endoscopic response with tumor-free biopsies and a normal computed tomography scan (two refused surgery and one had metastasis at inclusion). The rate of surgical morbidity (Clavien-Dindo classification) was 55% (one postoperative death occurred). All 29 patients had an R0 resection, and 17 (58.6%; 90% CI, 41.8 to 74.1) had pCR (pathological T0N0). Becker tumor regression grades 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 were observed in 17 patients, three (including two pathological T0N1), two, and seven patients, respectively. Of the 29 patients with surgery, 23 received adjuvant nivolumab. At database lock, no patient had relapse and one died without relapse.

CONCLUSION

Nivolumab and ipilimumab-based neoadjuvant therapy is feasible and associated with no unexpected toxicity and a high pCR rate in patients with dMMR/MSI-H resectable gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma.
Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Organizational and Management Environment: Ethical Problems
Authors: Leonov V. , Kashtanova YEkatyerina
Published: August 2022

Artificialis intelligentia (inferius – AI) an active evolvere agro scientia, quae est iam esse successfully implemented in usu. In discutit partes AI exsecutionem in socialis sphaera. Autem, dictum notat quod prospere exsequendam hoc technicae potest facere, non solum eventus. Passum AI progressionem exigit augeri attentionem ad exitus AI ethicorum, et causa penes est unum ex multis ethica pericula oriuntur, cum usura ratio, quae fundatur in AI. In hoc nexu, auctores nota, quod prioritizing ethica viasque AI gravis gradus impenderunt securitatem praestat, et crescentes gradus recognitionem hoc technology. Sed, notandum quod quaedam vacuum formavit circa ethica exitibus AI hodie. Auctores nota, quod non est, patet responsio ad plures quaestiones, quomodo ad invigilandum, aequalis occasiones omnes users AI-substructio vitae, quomodo ad invigilandum, ut AI progreditur transparently. Ergo, auctores articulus hortamur, ut operam ad hoc, quod AI est a technology, efficens usum, quae pendet summus qualitas disciplina, constans et iudicium, et quidem ethica firmamentum secundum inclusive adventu.
Ações de prevenção e controle de diabetes na atenção primária no Amazonas
Authors: Leon Elisa Brosina de , Fernandes Lucas Santos , Campos Hércules Lázaro Morais , Almeida Fabio Araujo
Published: August 2022

Ações de prevenção e controle da diabetes do tipo 2 (T2DM) são prioridades dentro da atenção primária de saúde, desde a dispensação de medicações específicas, às ações não medicamentosas como atividade física e nutrição. O objetivo foi caracterizar ações de prevenção e manejo (PM) e seus componentes na atenção primária no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Estudo observacional baseado no modelo RE-AIM. Estratégias adotadas em ações de PM foram descritas pelas 5 dimensões: (R) Alcance, (E) Efetividade, (A) Adoção, (I) Implementação e (M) Manutenção. Dados foram coletados em Unidades Básicas de Saúde em 6 cidades do Amazonas, Brasil. Os questionários endereçados aos gestores visavam ações de PM e seu desenvolvimento. Este estudo identificou 17 diferentes tipos de ações. Onze ações contemplaram ambas as estratégias de PM com 53,8% focadas em atividade física e orientações nutricionais. No entanto, nenhuma ação relatou mensuração para avaliação de mudanças no nível de atividade física e no comportamento nutricional. As ações baseiam suas avaliações em coleta de feedback dos participantes, equipe executora e profissionais de saúde. Ao todo, 310 profissionais de saúde participaram de ações, incluindo 4 profissionais de educação física e 3 nutricionistas, sendo 100% dos esforços coordenados por enfermeiros. As ações de PM da T2DM são baseadas em práticas tradicionais de educação em saúde como palestras e não possuem atividades práticas que auxiliem na mudança e manutenção de comportamentos saudáveis. Apesar disso, a atenção primária exerce um papel fundamental no cuidado ao usuário portador de doença crônica em municípios do interior do Amazonas.
Two-dimensional single-lobe Si photonic optical phased array with
minimal antennas using a non-uniform large spacing array design
Authors: Xue Yulong , Zhang Qihao , Ren Yangming , Lei Yufang , Sun Xiaochen , Zhang Lingxuan
Published: August 2022

We report a two-dimensional Si photonic optical phased array (OPA) optimized for a
large optical aperture with a minimal number of antennas while
maintaining single-lobe far field. The OPA chip has an optical
aperture of

∼

200

µ

m

by 150 µm comprising a

9

×

9

antenna array. The two-dimensional
spacings between these antennas are much larger than the wavelength
and are highly non-uniform optimized by the genetic deep learning
algorithm. The phase of each antenna is independently tunable by a
thermo-optical phase shifter. The experimental results validate the
design and exhibit a

0.39

∘

×

0.41

∘

beamwidth within the 3 dB steering
range of

14

∘

×

11

∘

limited by the numerical aperture of
the far-field camera system. The method can be easily extended to a
larger aperture for narrower beamwidth and wider steering range.
Data transmission under high scattering based on OAM-basis transmission matrix
Authors: Liu Zeqi , Zhang Hengkang , Liu Kaige , Zhang Bin , Fu Xing , Liu Qiang
Published: August 2022

Multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels is an important method to increase the optical communication capacity at present, but the multiple scattering and distortion of long-distance optical communication greatly limit its application. Here, a data transmission method based on an OAM-basis transmission matrix (TM) under high scattering is proposed. In this method, OAM modes are directly encoded by the OAM-basis TM, and the incident power spectral distribution of OAM modes can be directly acquired by the intensity profile of the speckle field on the camera. This method can realize the multiplexing of a large number of OAM channels and is easy to perform. Experimentally, we have achieved a maximum of 800 OAM modes multiplexed, and a bit error rate of 0.01% in the data transmission of color images.
Ultrafast laser inscription of efficient volume Bragg gratings deep in fused silica using active wavefront shaping
Authors: McArthur S. R. , Siliprandi J. , MacLachlan D. G. , Benoît A. , Thomson R. R. , Ross C. A.
Published: August 2022

The maximum depth that photonic structures such as volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) can be precisely fabricated inside dielectric materials using ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) is limited by the aberration imparted on the laser beam by the air-substrate interface as it is focused into the substrate. Here, we use a computer-controlled spatial light modulator (SLM) to shape the wavefront of the ULI laser before it is focused into the substrate, such that the impact of this aberration on the manufacture of VBGs is minimized. We show that this technique allows us to inscribe efficient VBGs at depths in fused silica that would otherwise result in low efficiency VBGs. We find that an optimized “reference” grating fabricated at a mean depth of 200 µm without wavefront shaping exhibited a maximum relative first-order diffraction efficiency of 48%, whereas a grating fabricated at a mean depth of 900 µm using identical parameters exhibited an efficiency of 6.2% – both measured with 633 nm light polarized perpendicularly to the grating lines. Using the SLM to control the wavefront of the ULI laser beam, we were able to pre-compensate for the effect of the substrate surface aberration and fabricate gratings at a mean depth of 900 µm that increased the first-order relative diffraction efficiency to ∼42%. A further plasma study provided significant evidence to the effectiveness of Zernike polynomials for spherical aberration correction. Combing both plasma imaging and laser writing approaches, a set of polynomials for aberration correction at a range of depths was produced with scope for arbitrary depth correction.
Apoptosis and tissue thinning contribute to symmetric cell division in the developing mouse epidermis in a nonautonomous way
Authors: Soffer Arad , Mahly Adnan , Padmanabhan Krishnanand , Cohen Jonathan , Adir Orit , Loushi Eidan , Fuchs Yaron , Williams Scott E. , Luxenburg Chen
Published: August 2022

Mitotic spindle orientation (SO) is a conserved mechanism that governs cell fate and tissue morphogenesis. In the developing epidermis, a balance between self-renewing symmetric divisions and differentiative asymmetric divisions is necessary for normal development. While the cellular machinery that executes SO is well characterized, the extrinsic cues that guide it are poorly understood. Here, we identified the basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), a β1 integrin coreceptor, as a novel regulator of epidermal morphogenesis. In utero RNAi-mediated depletion of Bcam in the mouse embryo did not hinder β1 integrin distribution or cell adhesion and polarity. However, Bcam depletion promoted apoptosis, thinning of the epidermis, and symmetric cell division, and the defects were reversed by concomitant overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor Xiap. Moreover, in mosaic epidermis, depletion of Bcam or Xiap induced symmetric divisions in neighboring wild-type cells. These results identify apoptosis and epidermal architecture as extrinsic cues that guide SO in the developing epidermis.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in mobile apps for mental health: A scoping review
Authors: Milne-Ives Madison , Selby Emma , Inkster Becky , Lam Ching , Meinert Edward
Published: August 2022

Mental health conditions can have significant negative impacts on wellbeing and healthcare systems. Despite their high prevalence worldwide, there is still insufficient recognition and accessible treatments. Many mobile apps are available to the general population that aim to support mental health needs; however, there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. Mobile apps for mental health are beginning to incorporate artificial intelligence and there is a need for an overview of the state of the literature on these apps. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the current research landscape and knowledge gaps regarding the use of artificial intelligence in mobile health apps for mental health. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study types (PICOS) frameworks were used to structure the review and the search. PubMed was systematically searched for randomised controlled trials and cohort studies published in English since 2014 that evaluate artificial intelligence- or machine learning-enabled mobile apps for mental health support. Two reviewers collaboratively screened references (MMI and EM), selected studies for inclusion based on the eligibility criteria and extracted the data (MMI and CL), which were synthesised in a descriptive analysis. 1,022 studies were identified in the initial search and 4 were included in the final review. The mobile apps investigated incorporated different artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for a variety of purposes (risk prediction, classification, and personalisation) and aimed to address a wide range of mental health needs (depression, stress, and suicide risk). The studies’ characteristics also varied in terms of methods, sample size, and study duration. Overall, the studies demonstrated the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to support mental health apps, but the early stages of the research and weaknesses in the study designs highlight the need for more research into artificial intelligence- and machine learning-enabled mental health apps and stronger evidence of their effectiveness. This research is essential and urgent, considering the easy availability of these apps to a large population.
Spatial statistical analysis of regional disparities in suicide among policy units in Japan: Using the Bayesian hierarchical model
Authors: Koda Masahide , Kondo Katsunori , Takahashi Satoru , Ojima Toshiyuki , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Ichikawa Manabu , Harada Nahoko , Ishida Yasushi
Published: August 2022

Suicide prevention is a crucial policy issue in Japan to be addressed nationally. Nevertheless, if there are regional differences in suicide, even in adjacent sub-regions, measures may need to be taken at the sub-regional level. Previous studies have not compared regional differences in suicide based on the size of policy units, such as prefectures, secondary medical areas, and municipalities. This study used the number of suicides from open data for 10 years from 2009 to 2018 to obtain shrinkage estimates of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) using the Bayesian hierarchical model. We visualized and compared the regional disparities in suicide for each policy unit. For each gender and policy unit, adjacent regions had similar clusters of SMRs and positive spatial autocorrelation of global Moran’s I (p < 0.001 for each). Comparisons between each policy unit showed that even if the SMR was low for the prefectural units, there were regions with high SMRs in municipalities and secondary medical areas, and vice versa. It was found that assessing suicide solely on a prefecture-by-prefecture basis may overlook regional disparities in suicide. This research emphasizes the need to establish suicide indicators at the secondary medical or municipal level and execute individual suicide prevention interventions in neighboring communities. Prefectures can also play a role in developing collaborative cooperation between neighboring regions by acting as actors.
Trends and determinants of late antenatal care initiation in three East African countries, 2007–2016: A population based cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Mlandu Chenai , Matsena-Zingoni Zvifadzo , Musenge Eustasius
Published: August 2022

Early antenatal care is critical for the mother and newborn’s health. Antenatal care is often delayed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study aims to examine the trends and determinants of late antenatal care initiation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Tanzania from 2007–2016. The study employed Demographic Health Surveys data of reproductive-age women seeking antenatal care in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2007-2013/14), Kenya (2008–2014), and Tanzania (2010-2015/16). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was conducted per survey, taking sampling weights into account. The determinants of late antenatal care initiation were measured using multivariate logistic regression models and the trends were assessed using prediction scores. Late antenatal care initiation declined in Tanzania (60.9%-49.8%) and Kenya (67.8%-60.5%) but increased in the Democratic Republic of Congo (56.8%-61.0%) between surveys. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, higher birth order was associated with antenatal care initiation delays from 2007–2014, whilst rural residency (AOR:1.28;95%CI:1.09–1.52), lower maternal education (AOR:1.29;95%CI:1.13–1.47) and lower-income households (AOR:1.30;95%CI:1.08–1.55) were linked to antenatal care initiation delays in 2014. In Kenya, lower maternal education and lower-income households were associated with antenatal care initiation delays from 2008–2014, whilst rural residency (AOR:1.24;95%CI:1.11–1.38) and increased birth order (AOR:1.12; 95%CI:1.01–1.28) were linked to antenatal care initiation delays in 2014. In Tanzania, higher birth order and larger households were linked to antenatal care initiation delays from 2010–2016, whilst antenatal care initiation delays were associated with lower maternal education (OR:1.51;95%CI:1.16–1.97) in 2010 and lower-income households (OR:1.45;95%CI:1.20–1.72) in 2016. Except for the Democratic Republic of Congo, the sub-region is making progress in reducing antenatal care delays. Women from various geographic, educational, parity, and economic groups exhibited varying levels of delayed antenatal care uptake. Increasing women’s access to information platforms and strengthening initiatives that enhance female education, household incomes, and localise services may enhance early antenatal care utilisation.