bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Titania Nanofiber-Like Webs Induced by Plasma Ionization: A New Direction for Bioreactivity and Osteoinductivity Enhancement of Biomaterials
Authors: Beigi Mohammad-Hossein , Safaie Naghmeh , Nasr-Esfahani Mohammad-Hossein , Kiani Amirkianoosh
Published: November 2019

In this study, we describe the formation method of web-like three-dimensional (3-D) titania nanofibrous structures coated on transparent substrate via a high intensity laser induced reverse transfer (HILIRT) process. First, we demonstrate the mechanism of ablation and deposition of Ti on the glass substrates using multiple picosecond laser pulses at ambient air in an explicit analytical form and compare the theoretical results with the experimental results of generated nanofibers. We then examine the performance of the developed glass samples coated by titania nanofibrous structures at varied laser pulse durations by electron microscopy and characterization methods. We follow this by exploring the response of human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with the specimens, using a wide range of in-vitro analyses including MTS assay (colorimetric method for assessing cell metabolic activity), immunocytochemistry, mineralization, ion release examination, gene expression analysis, and protein adsorption and absorption analysis. Our results from the quantitative and qualitative analyses show a significant biocompatibility improvement in the laser treated samples compared to untreated substrates. By decreasing the pulse duration, more titania nanofibers with denser structures can be generated during the HILIRT technique. The findings also suggest that the density of nanostructures and concentration of coated nanofibers play critical roles in the bioreactivity properties of the treated samples, which results in early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Soil seed burial and competition with surrounding plants determine the emergence and development of seedling of an endangered species Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. in China
Authors: Liu Xiongsheng , He Yinghui , Xiao Yufei , Wang Yong , Jiang Yinghong , Jiang Yi
Published: November 2019

Three well-conserved Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr. populations were used to investigate their soil seed bank and seedling regeneration characteristics and their relationship to environmental factors. The results showed that the seed reserves were low in the H. hainanensis soil seed bank (16.93~24.74 seed/m2). The distribution pattern for the seeds and seedlings in the H. hainanensis populations was aggregated, and they were mainly found around 2–3 m from the mother plant. The seeds in the litter layer and the 5–10 cm soil layer showed no vigor, and only 25.7%~33.3% of the total seeds in the 0–5 cm soil layer were viable affected by the high temperature and humidity, the animals’ eating and poisoning. Affected by the height and coverage of the surrounding herbaceous layer and shrub layer, the seedlings of H. hainanensis could not obtain enough light and nutrients in the competition, resulting in the survival competitiveness of 1- to 3-year-old (1–3a) seedlings in the habitat had been in a weak position and a large number of seedlings died. It would take at least four years for seedlings to develop under the current environmental constraints. It can be concluded that the low seed reserve in the soil seed bank and high mortality of seedlings of H. hainanensis lead to slow or even stagnation of population regeneration, which was an important reason for the endangered of H. hainanensis. Therefore, the next research focus is to explore the influence mechanism of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling growth of H. hainanensis.
Role of synoptic activity on projected changes in upwelling-favourable winds at the ocean’s eastern boundaries
Authors: Aguirre Catalina , Rojas Maisa , Garreaud René D. , Rahn David A.
Published: November 2019

The climate of the ocean’s eastern boundaries is strongly influenced by subtropical anticyclones, which drive a surface wind stress that promotes coastal upwelling of nutrient-rich subsurface water that supports high primary productivity and an abundance of food resources. Understanding the projected response of upwelling-favourable winds to climate change has broad implications for coastal biogeochemistry, ecology, and fisheries. Here we use a reanalysis, an ensemble of global climate simulations, and an objective algorithm to track anticyclones to investigate the projected changes in upwelling-favourable wind events at the California, Canary, Humboldt, and Benguela coastal upwelling systems. Except for the north Pacific, we find consistent poleward shifts of mean and upper percentile daily winds over the ocean basins. We propose that extratropical, synoptic-scale migratory anticyclones that force intense coastal upwelling events—which become more frequent at higher latitudes and less frequent at lower latitudes in the future—play an important role in the projected changes in upwelling-favourable wind events in these coastal upwelling systems. These changes complement large-scale processes such as the poleward shift of the subtropical ridge (STR) and stationary subtropical highs. Hence, both extratropical and tropical processes need to be considered to fully explain projected changes at the coastal upwelling systems under anthropogenic climate change.
Machine learning can accurately predict pre-admission baseline hemoglobin and creatinine in intensive care patients
Authors: Dauvin Antonin , Donado Carolina , Bachtiger Patrik , Huang Ke-Chun , Sauer Christopher Martin , Ramazzotti Daniele , Bonvini Matteo , Celi Leo Anthony , Douglas Molly J.
Published: November 2019

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit frequently have anemia and impaired renal function, but often lack historical blood results to contextualize the acuteness of these findings. Using data available within two hours of ICU admission, we developed machine learning models that accurately (AUC 0.86–0.89) classify an individual patient’s baseline hemoglobin and creatinine levels. Compared to assuming the baseline to be the same as the admission lab value, machine learning performed significantly better at classifying acute kidney injury regardless of initial creatinine value, and significantly better at predicting baseline hemoglobin value in patients with admission hemoglobin of <10 g/dl.
Endogenous formaldehyde is a memory-related molecule in mice and humans
Authors: Ai Li , Tan Tao , Tang Yonghe , Yang Jun , Cui Dehua , Wang Rui , Wang Aibo , Fei Xuechao , Di Yalan , Wang Xiaoming , Yu Yan , Zhao Shengjie , Wang Weishan , Bai Shangying , Yang Xu , He Rongqiao , Lin Weiying , Han Hongbin , Cai Xiang , Tong Zhiqian
Published: November 2019

Gaseous formaldehyde is an organic small molecule formed in the early stages of earth’s evolution. Although toxic in high concentrations, formaldehyde plays an important role in cellular metabolism and, unexpectedly, is found even in the healthy brain. However, its pathophysiological functions in the brain are unknown. Here, we report that under physiological conditions, spatial learning activity elicits rapid formaldehyde generation from mitochondrial sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH). We find that elevated formaldehyde levels facilitate spatial memory formation by enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) currents via the C232 residue of the NMDA receptor, but that high formaldehyde concentrations gradually inactivate the receptor by cross-linking NR1 subunits to NR2B. We also report that in mice with aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) knockout, formaldehyde accumulation due to hypofunctional ALDH2 impairs memory, consistent with observations of Alzheimerʼs disease patients. We also find that formaldehyde deficiency caused by mutation of the mitochondrialSARDHgene in children with sarcosinemia or in mice withSardhdeletion leads to cognitive deficits. Hence, we conclude that endogenous formaldehyde regulates learning and memory via the NMDA receptor.
Harnessing energy landscape exploration to control the buckling of cylindrical shells
Authors: Panter J. R. , Chen J. , Zhang T. , Kusumaatmaja H.
Published: November 2019

Even for relatively simple thin shell morphologies, many different buckled configurations can be stable simultaneously. Which state is observed in practice is highly sensitive to both environmental perturbations and shell imperfections. The complexity and unpredictability of postbuckling responses has therefore raised great challenges to emerging technologies exploiting buckling transitions. Here we show how the buckling landscapes can be explored through a comprehensive survey of the stable states and the transition mechanisms between them, which we demonstrate for cylindrical shells. This is achieved by combining a simple and versatile triangulated lattice model with efficient high-dimensional free-energy minimisation and transition path finding algorithms. We then introduce the method of landscape biasing to show how the landscapes can be exploited to exert control over the postbuckling response, and develop structures which are resistant to lateral perturbations. These methods now offer the potential for studying complex buckling phenomena on a range of elastic shells.
Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Reiner David
Published: November 2019

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and "negative emissions" technologies will play an essential role in mitigating the impact of global warming and meeting the temperature targets set by the IPCC and by COP21. Identifying the role and value of CCS relative to other mitigation technologies is of vital importance. This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission, capture and storage, as well as negative emissions technologies, and provides insight into the role and value of CCS in the industrial and power sectors. The issues associated with commercial deployment of CCS are discussed, providing potential approaches to overcome these hurdles through a combination of political, economic and R&D strategies. Carbon Capture and Storage provides the latest global perspective on the role and value of CCS in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. With contributions from internationally recognised leaders, this book will appeal to graduate students and researchers in academia and industry, working in chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and energy policy.
Oxy-fuel Combustion Capture Technology
Authors: Cabral R. P. , Mac Dowell N.
Published: November 2019

This chapter discusses oxy-fuel combustion for the capture and subsequent sequestration of carbon dioxide. Technologies for oxygen production based on air separation will be presented and the need to reduce energy consumption of these units will be discussed along with some potential strategies. A pulverized coal-fired power plant and a natural gas combined cycle will be analysed as case studies for oxy-combustion and the benefits of using pure oxygen will be discussed as well as how the changes in the thermodynamic properties affect boiler operation. Purification of carbon dioxide in the resulting flue gas to pipeline transport specifications will end the discussion of this chapter with two examples of gas processing units. The parasitic power consumption of this gas processing unit combined with the air separation unit reduces the net efficiency of the plant even though the thermal efficiency is increased, which emphasises the importance of developing new technologies, such as ion transport membranes for oxygen production. The possibility to reduce the energy consumption of both air separation unit and gas processing unit combined with the increased combustion efficiency by using pure oxygen make this a promising technology for carbon capture and storage.
New Technology Development for Carbon Capture
Authors: Matuszewski Michael S. , Detweiler Isadora
Published: November 2019

As one of many actions required to mitigate climate change, carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) must be deployed quickly to avoid exceeding the atmospheric carbon budget that is expected to result in climate change effects that are very difficult to reverse. This chapter recognizes that regardless of motivating policy enacted, the degree of CCS deployment will be governed by cost effectiveness driven by thermodynamic efficiency of the CCS process as well as the cost to install and operate the system. First law analyses can provide perspectives on overall thermodynamic performance, while second law analyses can provide perspectives on performance expectations that are thermodynamically impossible to achieve. The cost of CCS technologies, in particular its relationship to the system size, differs amongst the basic CO2 capture technology platforms. Understanding which thermodynamic improvements to make and for which size ranges a given technology platform is optimal is critical for efficient research and development. This chapter also provides perspectives on what capital and operating costs associated with the CCS system are required to meet the US Department of Energy CO2 capture cost goal of $40 per tonne. Intelligent R&D guidance on thermodynamic and manufacturing improvements are expected to be required for all plant sizes.
Stochastic electrochemistry at ultralow concentrations: the case for digital sensors
Authors: Moazzenzade Taghi , Huskens Jurriaan , Lemay Serge G.
Published: November 2019

We introduce digital sensors based on massively parallelized single-entity measurements and discuss the potential of impact electrochemistry for their implementation.
A tantalum(v) oxide impregnated silica gel surface: application as a promising adsorbent for simultaneous heavy metal preconcentration
Authors: Sulejmanović Jasmina , Memić Mustafa , Šabanović Elma , Ljubijankić Nevzeta
Published: November 2019

This article reports on an investigation into the ability of SiO2–Ta2O5 as a new sorbent for simultaneous preconcentration of Cd(ii), Co(ii), Cr(iii), Cu(ii), Fe(iii), Mn(ii), Ni(ii) and Pb(ii) ions from water by the column method and the parameters involved in this process.
Pre-lab proteolysis for dried serum spots – a paper-based sampling concept targeting low abundant biomarkers
Authors: Skjærvø Øystein , Halvorsen Trine Grønhaug , Reubsaet Léon
Published: November 2019

Paper-based sampling of biological matrices in combination with mass spectrometry has proven to be a promising technique for bottom-up analysis of proteins.
A signal-on fluorescence sensor for hydrogen sulphide detection in environmental samples based on silver-mediated base pairs
Authors: Huang Yanling , Yue Guiyin , Luo Fang , Guo Longhua , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu
Published: November 2019

A signal-on fluorescent sensor was developed for the hydrogen sulfide detection in the air near a garbage station based on the silver-mediated base pairs.
Overcoming the barrier of conventional electrochemical deposition of inorganic composites
Authors: Geuli Ori , Mandler Daniel
Published: November 2019

We present an electrochemical approach for depositing composites made of two insoluble inorganic materials, which cannot be obtained by the conventional electrochemical deposition from ionic speices.
Tuning the near infrared II emitting wavelength of small molecule dyes by single atom alteration
Authors: Qian Kun , Qu Chunrong , Ma Xiangyu , Chen Hao , Kandawa-Schulz Martha , Song Wei , Miao Weimin , Wang Yihong , Cheng Zhen
Published: November 2019

Replacing donors’ S with O and Se will red shift NIR-II dyes’ fluorescence emission and offer good clarity/brightness for imaging.
Light-controlled out-of-equilibrium assembly of cyclodextrins in an enzyme-mediated dynamic system
Authors: Larsen Dennis , Bjerre Philip M. , Beeren Sophie R.
Published: November 2019

In this doubly dynamic system, we use light to control the outcome of an enzyme-driven process, exploiting a photoswitchable azobenzene template to direct the selective synthesis of different cyclodextrins.
Ultrafast laser-annealing of perovskite films for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: You Peng , Li Guijun , Tang Guanqi , Cao Jiupeng , Yan Feng
Published: November 2019

Ultrafast laser-annealing technique for the fabrication of large-grain perovskite films and efficient perovskite solar cells at room temperature.
Antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of controllable (anatase/rutile) mixed phase TiO2 nanophotocatalysts synthesized via a microwave-assisted sol–gel method
Authors: Almashhori Karima , Ali Tarek T. , Saeed Abdu , Alwafi Reem , Aly Magda , Al-Hazmi Faten E.
Published: November 2019

TiO2 with different ratios of anatase/rutile phases were synthesized via a microwave assisted sol–gel method and by applying a single source precursor (SSP) with a constant concentration of nitric acid that was used as the structure directing agent.
Sensing of zinc ions and sulfide using a highly practical and water-soluble fluorescent sensor: applications in test kits and zebrafish
Authors: Yun Dongju , Chae Ju Byeong , So Haeri , Lee Hyojin , Kim Ki-Tae , Kim Cheal
Published: November 2019

A practical fluorescent sensor was synthesized for recognition of Zn2+ and S2− and applied in various applications such as in live zebrafish.
Electrostatically assembled carbon dots/boron nitride nanosheet hybrid nanostructures for thermal quenching-resistant white phosphors
Authors: Cheng Shuai , Ye Tengyang , Mao Huiwu , Wu Yueyue , Jiang Wenjie , Ban Chaoyi , Yin Yuhang , Liu Juqing , Xiu Fei , Huang Wei
Published: November 2019

C-dots/BNNS white-emitting phosphors with thermal quenching resistance are prepared by assembling C-dots onto the BNNS surface through electrostatic assembly.
Interlayer engineering of Ti3C2Tx MXenes towards high capacitance supercapacitors
Authors: Hu Minmin , Cheng Renfei , Li Zhenjiang , Hu Tao , Zhang Hui , Shi Chao , Yang Jinxing , Cui Cong , Zhang Chao , Wang Hailong , Fan Bingbing , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: November 2019

Interlayer engineering – simultaneous structure and surface chemistry modification can help Ti3C2Tx MXenes achieve the theoretical capacitance.
Self color-changing ordered mesoporous ceria for reagent-free colorimetric biosensing
Authors: Kim Min Su , Kim Do Hyun , Lee Junsang , Ahn Hee Tae , Kim Moon Il , Lee Jinwoo
Published: November 2019

A reagent-free colorimetric detection method using mesoporous cerium oxide with a large pore size trapping an oxidative enzyme has been developed and glucose is sensitively detected with a limit of detection of 10 μM by supporting glucose oxidase on mesoporous cerium oxide.
A review on the effects of carbon dots in plant systems
Authors: Li Yadong , Xu Xiaokai , Wu Ying , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Xuejie , Zhang Haoran , Lei Bingfu , Hu Chaofan , Liu Yingliang
Published: November 2019

Carbon dots (CDs) have gained tremendous attention in agriculture. Herein, we summarize recent progress of the interaction between CDs and plant systems, mainly including plant growth, photosynthesis, resistance, etc.
Retracted Article: Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000467 modulates SGK1 to facilitate cell migration, metastasis, and EMT while repressing apoptosis in colorectal cancer by sponging miR-383-5p
Authors: Liu Chong , Sun Lingling , Sun Jiaying
Published: November 2019

Recent data indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were implicated in tumor progression including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism of hsa_circ_0000467 in CRC remains unclear.
Nonfullerene acceptors comprising a naphthalene core for high efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Cui Xinyue , Li Miao , Liu Yahui , Li Dawei , Jiang Pengcheng , Bo Zhishan
Published: November 2019

NDIC with a naphthalene ring as the core unit is synthesized and used as an acceptor material to fabricate organic solar cells.
Cross-sectional focusing of red blood cells in a constricted microfluidic channel
Authors: Abay Asena , Recktenwald Steffen M. , John Thomas , Kaestner Lars , Wagner Christian
Published: November 2019

The density distribution of red blood cells in microfluidic devices reveals a strong change passing an abrupt constriction.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of polyaniline/polypyrrole/carbon nanotube ternary composites by treatment with a secondary dopant using ferric chloride
Authors: Wang Shichao , Zhou Yan , Liu Yijia , Wang Lei , Gao Chunmei
Published: November 2019

Polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites have lower electrical conductivity than pristine CNTs since the carrier barriers at the interface between the polymer and CNTs hinder the carrier pathways from tube to tube.
DNA methylation at the crossroads of gene and environment interactions
Authors: Law Pui-Pik , Holland Michelle L.
Published: November 2019

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark involved in regulating genome function and is critical for normal development in mammals. It has been observed that the developmental environment can lead to permanent changes in gene expression and DNA methylation, at least at ‘metastable epialleles’. These are defined as regions of the genome that show a variable epigenetic state that is established early in development and maintained through subsequent cell divisions. However, the majority of the known genome does not behave in this manner. Here, we use the developmental origins of adult disease hypothesis to understand environmental epigenomics. Some challenges to studying how DNA methylation is influenced by the environment include identifying DNA methylation changes associated with an environmental exposure in tissues with a complex cellular composition and at genomic regions for which DNA methylation is dynamically regulated in a cell-type specific manner. We also offer a perspective of how emerging technologies may be useful for dissecting the functional contribution of exposure-associated epigenetic changes and highlight recent evidence that suggests that genomic regions that are absent from genome assemblies may be unappreciated hotspots for environmental modulation of the epigenetic state.
Tribological behaviour of two kinds of typical hydrogel contact lenses in different lubricants
Authors: Qin Dong , Zhu Li‐Ting , Zhou Teng , Liao Zhi‐Qiang , Liang Ming , Qin Ling , Cai Zhen‐Bing
Published: November 2019

Contact lenses have a special effect on the treatment of some eye diseases. The tribological behaviour of soft contact lenses considerably influences their clinical performance. Improper wearing of contact lenses can lead to mechanical damage of the contact interface, which can lead to pathological changes in the eyeball. In this study, the sliding friction of two kinds of typical contact lens materials (hilaficon‐B and lotrafilcon‐B) in three lubricants (distilled water, care solution, and eye drop) and tribological parameters are studied, using PMMA as a control. Hydrogels have high water content but the dehydration rate is high. Silicone hydrogels have low initial water content but low dehydration rates. The friction test in distilled water gives the highest coefficient of friction value. The care solution and eye drop significantly reduce the friction coefficient of the lens due to the formation of tribofilm.
Simultaneous optimal allocation and sizing of DGs and capacitors in radial distribution systems using SPEA2 considering load uncertainty
Authors: Biswal Saubhagya Ranjan , Shankar Gauri
Published: November 2019

The rapid growth in load demand results in higher line loses in distribution systems and also demands distribution system augmentation. Apart from this, due to fluctuating loads, it becomes a challenge for the utility sectors to maintain voltage stability of the system under healthy condition. For addressing such problems, simultaneous optimal placement of distributed generations (DGs) and capacitors in radial distribution systems employing multi‐objective optimisation technique based approach is explored in this work. In line with this, the present work uses a simple and powerful multi‐objective strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA2) for solving distributed generator and capacitor placement problem considering load uncertainty. The uncertainty characteristics of load are designed by probabilistic approach and the same is utilised during the optimisation process. Thereafter, a set of non‐dominated Pareto optimal solution is obtained according to the objective function value. A compromised solution is selected from the set of Pareto optimal solutions by using fuzzy set theory. Along with the above, the impact of reverse power flow is studied by taking different test cases. The studied algorithm has been tested on different standard IEEE 33‐bus and 69‐bus radial distribution test systems.
Optimal planning of charging station based on discrete distribution of charging demand
Authors: Liang Yanchang , Guo Chunlin , Yang Jingjing , Ding Zhaohao
Published: November 2019

The continuous growth in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) places higher demands on public charging station (PCS) planning. This study proposes a PCS locating and sizing method based on the discrete distribution of EV charging demand. First, the distribution of EV charging demand is predicted by the distribution of gas station sales, functional areas, and population density. Next, a method of determining the PCS capacity based on the distribution of the charging demand is given. Then, the PCS locating and sizing model with the goal of minimising the total social cost is established, and the particle swarm optimisation algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, the method is verified by a case in Beijing. The results show that after obtaining several convenient parameters and using a simple algorithm calculation, this method can effectively reduce the construction and operation costs of PCSs and give full play to the social benefits of PCSs.
EMD–PSO–ANFIS‐based hybrid approach for short‐term load forecasting in microgrids
Authors: Semero Yordanos Kassa , Zhang Jianhua , Zheng Dehua
Published: November 2019

Accurate renewable energy generation and electricity demand forecasting tools constitute an essential part of the energy management system functions in microgrids. This study proposes a hybrid approach for short‐term load forecasting in microgrids, which integrates empirical mode decomposition (EMD), particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference systems (ANFISs). The proposed technique first employs EMD to decompose the complicated load data series into a set of several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue, and PSO algorithm is then used to optimise an ANFIS model for each IMF component and the residue. The final short‐term electric load forecast value could be obtained by summing up the prediction results from each component model. The performance of the proposed model is examined using load demand dataset of a case study microgrid in Beijing and is compared with four other forecasting methods using the same dataset. The results show that the proposed approach yielded superior performance for short‐term forecasting of microgrid load demand compared with the other methods.
Layered stochastic approach for residential demand response based on real‐time pricing and incentive mechanism
Authors: Wang Zhanle , Paranjape Raman , Chen Zhikun , Zeng Kai
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a layered stochastic optimization approach for residential demand response (DR) under real‐time pricing (RTP) and an incentive‐based mechanism, which contains three steps. In the first layer, an independent system operator (ISO) announces day‐ahead RTP to a residential load aggregator (RLA). The RLA predicts individual household loads (step 1) and aggregates the loads to minimize electrical cost (step 2). In the second layer, the RLA announces incentives to homes, and home energy management systems (EMS) control the loads to maximize the reward in real‐time (step 3). In Step 1, probability based individual load prediction models are developed. In Step 2, a stochastic optimization model is developed to aggregate controllable loads of residential consumers. In Step 3, an incentive‐based mechanism is proposed, based on which, a real‐time load control model for individual homes is developed to benefit the RLA and homeowners. A highly efficient real‐time control algorithm for home EMS is developed. The case studies show that, with 10% controllable energy integration, the peak demand is reduced by 17.5% and the energy cost of the controllable loads is reduced by 28%. The proposed mechanism can effectively aggregate many individual residential controllable loads to participate in an electricity market.
Effective fault diagnosis and distance calculation for photovoltaic‐based DC microgrid using adaptive EWT and kernel random vector functional link network
Authors: Naik Jyotirmayee , Dhar Snehamoy , Dash Pradipta Kishore
Published: November 2019

Photovoltaic (PV) based DC microgrids are being introduced prominently in the recent energy market, especially towards local uninterrupted power supply. These low voltage DC distribution networks are facing implementation challenges due to the protection (monitoring and coordination) standards’ limitation; especially under multi‐distributed generations operation subjected to DC cable faults as well PV side arc events. Thus, a new DC fault diagnosis (DCFD) model is proposed here to monitor the fault events with accurately estimated distance, and to provide relay coordination podium. A new adaptive empirical wavelet transform (AEWT) based signal decomposition is incorporated to this model, where accurate fault detection is obtained in terms of sensitivity index (maximum weighted kurtosis index/ M‐WKCI) of different intrinsic mode functions towards less computational classification. The accuracy is ensured by an improved firefly algorithm to avoid false detection, sympathetic tripping, erroneous distance estimation etc. The fast, robust decision making is proposed by non‐iterative Kernelised Random Vector Functional Link Network, where higher dimensional mapping is obtained to cope with noise profile volatility of DC faults by Gaussian Kernel function. The effectiveness of the proposed DCFD model‐based classification and distance estimation is established through rigorous case studies in MATLAB environment.
Dual input switched‐capacitor‐based single‐phase hybrid boost multilevel inverter topology with reduced number of components
Authors: Rawa Muhyaddin , Siddique Marif Daula , Mekhilef Saad , Mohamed Shah Noraisyah , Bassi Hussain , Seyedmahmoudian Mehdi , Horan Ben , Stojcevski Alex
Published: November 2019

A new switched‐capacitor‐based topology with features of boosting and self‐voltage balancing of the capacitor has been proposed in this study. The proposed multilevel inverter topology uses two isolated dc voltage sources with a switched‐capacitor to produce 11 levels across the load. In this study, two different modes of the selection of dc voltage sources have been discussed for the proposed topology. Furthermore, the generalised structure of the proposed boost topology has also been discussed. Quantitative comparison with several topologies has been carried out to set the benchmark of the proposed topology. Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation technique has been adopted to improve the performance of the suggested topology. The power loss analysis of the proposed topology gives the maximum efficiency of 96.5% at the output power of 100 W and has an efficiency value of 95.3% at the output power of 500 W. The proposed topology has been simulated using PLECS and the simulation results have been verifying using an experimental prototype. The proposed topology has been tested for the different types of load and changes in the modulation index. The experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed topology.
Decoding the radial velocity variations of HD 41248 with ESPRESSO
Authors: Faria J. P. , Adibekyan V. , Amazo-Gómez E. M. , Barros S. C. C. , Camacho J. D. , Demangeon O. , Figueira P. , Mortier A. , Oshagh M. , Pepe F. , Santos N. C. , Gomes da Silva J. , Costa Silva A. R. , Sousa S. G. , Ulmer-Moll S. , Viana P. T. P.
Published: November 2019

Context.Twenty-four years after the discoveries of the first exoplanets, the radial-velocity (RV) method is still one of the most productive techniques to detect and confirm exoplanets. But stellar magnetic activity can induce RV variations large enough to make it difficult to disentangle planet signals from the stellar noise. In this context, HD 41248 is an interesting planet-host candidate, with RV observations plagued by activity-induced signals.

Aims.We report on ESPRESSO observations of HD 41248 and analyse them together with previous observations from HARPS with the goal of evaluating the presence of orbiting planets.

Methods.Using different noise models within a general Bayesian framework designed for planet detection in RV data, we test the significance of the various signals present in the HD 41248 dataset. We use Gaussian processes as well as a first-order moving average component to try to correct for activity-induced signals. At the same time, we analyse photometry from the TESS mission, searching for transits and rotational modulation in the light curve.

Results.The number of significantly detected Keplerian signals depends on the noise model employed, which can range from 0 with the Gaussian process model to 3 with a white noise model. We find that the Gaussian process alone can explain the RV data while allowing for the stellar rotation period and active region evolution timescale to be constrained. The rotation period estimated from the RVs agrees with the value determined from the TESS light curve.

Conclusions.Based on the data that is currently available, we conclude that the RV variations of HD 41248 can be explained by stellar activity (using the Gaussian process model) in line with the evidence from activity indicators and the TESS photometry.
(704) Interamnia: a transitional object between a dwarf planet and a typical irregular-shaped minor body
Authors: Hanuš J. , Vernazza P. , Viikinkoski M. , Ferrais M. , Rambaux N. , Podlewska-Gaca E. , Drouard A. , Jorda L. , Jehin E. , Carry B. , Marsset M. , Marchis F. , Warner B. , Behrend R. , Asenjo V. , Berger N. , Bronikowska M. , Brothers T. , Charbonnel S. , Colazo C. , Coliac J.-F. , Duffard R. , Jones A. , Leroy A. , Marciniak A. , Melia R. , Molina D. , Nadolny J. , Person M. , Pejcha O. , Riemis H. , Shappee B. , Sobkowiak K. , Soldán F. , Suys D. , Szakats R. , Vantomme J. , Birlan M. , Berthier J. , Bartczak P. , Dumas C. , Dudziński G. , Ďurech J. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Cipriani F. , Fetick R. , Fusco T. , Grice J. , Kaasalainen M. , Kryszczynska A. , Lamy P. , Michalowski T. , Michel P. , Santana-Ros T. , Tanga P. , Vachier F. , Vigan A. , Witasse O. , Yang B.
Published: November 2019

Context.With an estimated diameter in the 320–350 km range, (704) Interamnia is the fifth largest main belt asteroid and one of the few bodies that fills the gap in size between the four largest bodies withD> 400 km (Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygiea) and the numerous smaller bodies with diameter ≤200 km. However, despite its large size, little is known about the shape and spin state of Interamnia and, therefore, about its bulk composition and past collisional evolution.

Aims.We aimed to test at what size and mass the shape of a small body departs from a nearly ellipsoidal equilibrium shape (as observed in the case of the four largest asteroids) to an irregular shape as routinely observed in the case of smaller (D≤ 200 km) bodies.

Methods.We observed Interamnia as part of our ESO VLT/SPHERE large program (ID: 199.C-0074) at thirteen different epochs. In addition, several new optical lightcurves were recorded. These data, along with stellar occultation data from the literature, were fed to the All-Data Asteroid Modeling algorithm to reconstruct the 3D-shape model of Interamnia and to determine its spin state.

Results.Interamnia’s volume-equivalent diameter of 332 ± 6 km implies a bulk density ofρ= 1.98 ± 0.68 g cm−3, which suggests that Interamnia – like Ceres and Hygiea – contains a high fraction of water ice, consistent with the paucity of apparent craters. Our observations reveal a shape that can be well approximated by an ellipsoid, and that is compatible with a fluid hydrostatic equilibrium at the 2σlevel.

Conclusions.The rather regular shape of Interamnia implies that the size and mass limit, under which the shapes of minor bodies with a high amount of water ice in the subsurface become irregular, has to be searched among smaller (D≤ 300 km) less massive (m≤ 3 × 1019kg) bodies.
Determining whether the squashing factor, Q, would be a good indicator of reconnection in a resistive MHD experiment devoid of null points
Authors: Reid J. , Parnell C. E. , Hood A. W. , Browning P. K.
Published: November 2019

The squashing factor of a magnetic field, Q, is commonly used as an indicator of magnetic reconnection, but few studies seek to evaluate how reliable it is in comparison with other possible reconnection indicators. By using a full, self-consistent, three-dimensional, resistive magnetohydrodynamic experiment of interacting magnetic strands constituting a coronal loop, Q and several different quantities are determined. Each is then compared with the necessary and sufficient condition for reconnection, namely the integral along a field line of the component of the electric field parallel to the magnetic field. Among the reconnection indicators explored, we find the squashing factor less successful when compared with alternatives, such as Ohmic heating. In a reconnecting magnetic field devoid of null points, our work suggests that Q, being a geometric measure of the magnetic field, is not a reliable indicator of the onset or a diagnostic of the location of magnetic reconnection in some configurations.
Diagnostics of emission condition of compression ignition engine in utilization of tested substance
Authors: Polerecký Ján , Jablonický Juraj , Tulík Juraj , Kosiba Ján , Zastempowski Marcin , Simikić Mirko
Published: November 2019

This paper focuses on the observation of a decrease in smoke opacity values in application of tested substance in selected vehicles with a compression ignition engine. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the ability of the tested substance to decrease the smoke opacity value in vehicles equipped with the compression ignition engine with mileage above 30,000 km. Measurements were carried out on the basis of determined measurement methods. From the results obtained in measurements on two vehicles, it can be concluded that the utilization of the tested substance led to a decrease in the smoke opacity value in both observed vehicles. The results of the experiment show further possibility for decreasing of emission production in exhaust gases of motor vehicles equipped with the compression ignition engine.
Exploitation of Car Turbochargers - Selected Problems
Authors: Wojciechowski Hubert , Żółtowski Bogdan
Published: November 2019

In order to increase the filling of the cylinder in the engine, a so-called charge is applied, which consists in increasing the amount of air input under increased pressure and at an unchanged temperature. This increases the density of that air and increases the mass in the engine cylinder. In most cars, the charging is carried out by an exhaust gas turbocharger or a mechanical compressor. This paper presents the issues that concern the failure of turbochargers resulting from their balance by weight reduction method. Selected aspects concerning consequences of incorrect balancing and methods of reducing unbalanced rotor mass. A key part of the work includes a proposal to balance turbochargers of automotive vehicles using the "weight-adjustment"method. In this scope, preliminary studies were presente and conclusions observed during their implementation were described.
Determining optimal suspension system parameters for spring fatigue life using design of experiment
Authors: Kong Yat Sheng , Abdullah Shahrum , Schramm Dieter , Singh Salvinder Singh Karam
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the optimization of spring fatigue life associated with suspension system parameters using the design of experiment approach. The effects of suspension parameters on spring fatigue life were analyzed because this process can improve spring fatigue life from a distinct perspective. A quarter car model simulation was performed to obtain the force time histories for fatigue life prediction where the suspension parameters were adjusted. Multiple input regression and interaction plots were conducted to identify the interaction between these parameters. A full factorial experiment was performed to determine the optimal suspension settings that would maximize the spring fatigue life. For the regression, a high R
2 value of 0.9078 was obtained, indicating good fitting. The established regression showed normality and homoscedasticity for consistent prediction outcome. Reducing the spring stiffness and sprung mass while enhancing the damping coefficient is therefore suggested to enhance fatigue life.
Spécificités d’un protocole chirurgico-orthodontique par Clear Aligner Therapy
Authors: Daouri Amine , Asselborn Marc , Majoufre Claire , Gleizal Arnaud , Makaremi Masrour
Published: November 2019

Depuis l’avènement de la Clear Aligner Therapy (CAT) introduit par Invisalign en 1998, seulement quelques articles ont abordé le traitement combinant chirurgie orthognathique et Clear Aligner Therapy mais il ne s’agissait que de case-report pour la plupart. L’objectif de cet article était donc de présenter et de proposer un protocole orthodontico-chirurgical dans le cadre de dysmorphies maxillo-mandibulaires préparées par Clear Aligner Therapy et requérant une chirurgie orthognathique.

Nous avons recueillis l’expérience de nombreux orthodontistes possédant une expérience importante dans le domaine de la Clear Aligner Therapy et notamment dans la préparation de cas chirurgicaux.

Nous avons donc établi un protocole en 17 étapes avec de nombreuses astuces pour mener à bien ces traitements : de l’examen clinique initial par l’orthodontiste et le chirurgien maxillo-facial jusqu’à la phase de contention finale avec la symbiose orthodontico-chirurgicale placée au centre du projet thérapeutique.

Nous avons associé à ce protocole une revue de la littérature concernant la phase de blocage maxillo-mandibulaire per-opératoire (par fils d’acier) et postopératoire (par élastiques) : périodes clés dans la gestion du traitement orthodontico-chirurgicale
Interactions between hydatid cyst and regulated cell death may provide new therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Moghaddam Sirous Mehrani , Picot Stephane , Ahmadpour Ehsan
Published: November 2019

Cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis are chronic zoonotic infections, transmitted throughout the world. Development of the cestode larval stages in the liver and lungs causes damage to intermediate hosts, including humans. Several pathways leading to the suppression of host immune response and the survival of the cysts in various hosts are known. Immune response modulation and regulated cell death (RCD) play a fundamental role in cyst formation, development and pathogenesis. RCD, referring to apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, can be triggered either via intrinsic or extrinsic cell stimuli. In this review, we provide a general overview of current knowledge on the process of RCD during echinococcosis. The study of interactions between RCD and Echinococcus spp. metacestodes may provide in-depth understanding of echinococcosis pathogenesis and open new horizons for human intervention and treatment of the disease.
Lunge in Not
Authors: Knauber-Idler Gabriele
Published: November 2019

Typische COPD-Symptome wie chronischer Husten und Luftnot können auch andere Ursachen wie Asthma bronchiale haben und müssen diagnostisch abgeklärt werden. COPD ist teilweise irreversibel, betrifft in Deutschland 13% der über 40-Jährigen, geht mit einer chronisch-obstruktiven Bronchitis einher und mündet oft in ein – letztlich lebensbedrohliches – Lungenemphysem. Eine frühe und gründliche Diagnostik sowie eine individuell angepasste Behandlung mit Sympathomimetika, Kortisonderivaten, Rauchstopp, Bewegungstherapie und Atemtraining können die Lungenfunktion verbessern und den Zustand stabilisieren.
Würziger Krampflöser aus der Antike
Authors: Stumpf Ursula
Published: November 2019

Von der Antike bis heute - der Fenchel findet sich in vielen Produkten von Bonbons bis Gesichtscremes und gilt als Nahrungs- und Lebensmittel zum Gesundbleiben.
Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Allylic Alkylation of N-Hydroxy­imides
Authors: Ayyagari Narasimham , Sunnam Sunil Kumar , Ahire Milind M. , Yang Minxi , Ngo Kevin , Belani Jitendra D.
Published: November 2019

A palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H allylic alkylation of N-hydroxyimides has been developed. This transformation provided valuable N-allyloxypyrrolidinediones in moderate to excellent yields using operationally simple, ligand free, and mild reaction conditions. The reaction tolerated broad and variable substituents on allylarenes and N-hydroxyimides.
Fluorinated Organic Porous Materials
Authors: Zhang Zhenglin , Miljanić Ognjen Š.
Published: November 2019

Fluorine is in many aspects unique among the elements, and its incorporation into organic molecules can dramatically change their physical and chemical properties. This minireview will survey the existing classes of fluorinated porous materials, with a particular focus on all-organic porous materials. We will highlight our work on the preparation and study of metal–organic frameworks and porous molecular crystals derived from extensively fluorinated rigid aromatic pyrazoles and tetrazoles. Where possible, comparisons between fluorinated and nonfluorinated materials will be made.
Nasal Fractures: The Role of Primary Reduction and Secondary Revision
Authors: Wang Weitao , Lee Thomas , Kohlert Scott , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

The nasal bones are among the most commonly fractured bones in the facial skeleton. Proper management of nasal trauma acutely is important in minimizing secondary deformities and impaired function with nasal airway obstruction. Septal hematoma, if present, should be drained right away. Acutely closed nasal reduction and limited septoplasty can be performed. Unrecognized septal fracture may play a role in the failure of closed nasal reduction of fractured nasal bones. Complex nasoorbitoethmoid fractures are approached openly and treated with rigid fixation. Primary use of open rhinoplasty in an acute setting is debated, and there are no clearly accepted indications for timing, patient selection, and surgical technique. However, open septorhinoplasty is more commonly used in a delayed fashion to provide definitive correction of any residual cosmetic or functional problems. Recent algorithms provide a systematic approach to nasal trauma and may improve secondary deformity rates following closed reduction.
Management of Orbital Floor Fractures
Authors: Shokri Tom , Alford Mark , Hammons Matthew , Ducic Yadranko , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu
Published: November 2019

Fractures of the orbital floor represent a common yet difficult to manage sequelae of craniomaxillofacial trauma. Repair of these injuries should be carried out with the goal of restoring normal orbital volume, facial contour, and ocular motility. Precise surgical repair is imperative to reduce the risk of long-term debilitating morbidity. This article aims to review concepts on the management of orbital floor fractures in the hope of further elucidating perioperative evaluation and decision-making regarding operative intervention.
Role of Free Tissue Transfer in Facial Trauma
Authors: Kim Roderick Y. , Sokoya Momofiyin , Williams Fayette C. , Shokri Tom , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

For large composite traumatic defects of the head and neck, free tissue transfer presents a reconstructive allowing for the reconstitution of both form and function. Furthermore, the ability to provide bulk, soft, and hard tissue, as well as immediate dental rehabilitation, makes free tissue transfer an efficient and attractive option for head and neck reconstruction. Herein, we discuss the utility of free tissue transfer in facial trauma, its problems, complications, and controversies.