bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Subscription Reciprocity on Charitable Content Creation and Sharing: Evidence from Twitter on Giving Tuesday
Authors: Tan Xue (Jane) , Lu Yingda , Tan Yong
Published: August 2021

Social broadcasting sites have grown from an information diffusion channel to a public medium that facilitates public conversations of charitable social movements. Two mechanisms foster user participation in charitable social movements: content creation and content sharing. Users can create original content to express their attitude of giving and promote their most valued nonprofit organizations, enriching the depth of the conversation. They can also share others’ content to expedite the diffusion of high-quality content, expanding the breadth of the discussion. This paper investigates the impact of reciprocal and nonreciprocal followees (i.e., a followee is an account to which other users subscribe) on followers’ decisions to create and share content. Analyzing the charitable movement of Giving Tuesday on Twitter, we find that original charitable content creation is prompted by reciprocal followees’ participation but not nonreciprocal followees’ participation in this movement. We also find that charitable content sharing is evoked by both reciprocal and nonreciprocal followees, with nonreciprocal followees having a greater impact. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Designing Payment Contracts for Healthcare Services to Induce Information Sharing: The Adoption and the Value of Health Information Exchanges (HIEs)
Authors: Ayvaci Mehmet , Cavusoglu Huseyin , Kim Yeongin , Raghunathan Srinivasan
Published: August 2021

Recent initiatives to improve healthcare quality and reduce costs have centered around payment mechanisms and IT-enabled health information exchanges (HIEs). Such initiatives profoundly influence both providers’ choices in terms of healthcare effort levels and HIE adoption and patients’ choice of providers. Using a game-theoretical model of a healthcare setup, we examine the role of payment models in aligning providers’ and patients’ incentives for realizing socially optimal (i.e., first-best) choices. We show that the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) payment model does not necessarily induce the first-best solution. The pay-for-performance (P4P) model may induce the first-best solution under some conditions if provider switching by patients during a health episode is socially suboptimal, making provider coordination less of an issue. We identify an episode-based payment (EBP) model that can always induce the first-best solution. The proposed EBP model reduces to the P4P model if the P4P model induces the first-best solution. In other cases, the first-best inducing EBP model is multilateral in the sense that the payment to a provider depends not only on the provider’s own efforts and outcomes but also on those of other providers. Furthermore, the payment in this EBP model is sequence dependent in the sense that payment to a provider is contingent upon whether the patient visits a given provider first or second. We show that the proposed EBP model achieves the lowest healthcare cost, not necessarily at the expense of care quality or provider payment, relative to FFS and P4P. Although our proposed contract is complex, it sets an optimality baseline when evaluating simpler contracts and also characterizes aspects of payment that need to be captured for socially desirable actions. We further show that the value of HIEs depends critically on the payment model as well as on the social desirability of patient switching. Under all three payment models, the HIE value is higher when switching by at least some patients is desirable than when switching by any patient is undesirable. Moreover, the HIE value is highest under the FFS model and lowest under the P4P model. Hence, assessing the value of HIEs in isolation from the underlying payment mechanism and patient-switching behavior may result in under- or overestimation of the HIE value. Therefore, as payment models evolve over time, there is a real need to reevaluate the HIE value and the government subsidies that induce providers to adopt HIEs.
Stuck Online: When Online Engagement Gets in the Way of Offline Sales
Authors: Bar-Gill Sagit , Reichman Shachar
Published: August 2021

In recent years, billions of dollars have been spent by both online and offline retailers on website design aimed at increasing consumers’ online engagement. We study the relationship between online engagement and offline sales, utilizing a quasi-experimental setting in which a leading premium automobile brand gradually launched a new interactive website across markets, allowing for a treatment-control comparison. This paper offers evidence of a causal effect of online engagement on offline sales, with the high-engagement website leading to a decline of approximately 12% in car sales. This negative effect is due to substitution between online and offline engagement; users of the high-engagement website exhibited a decreased tendency to seek out personal contact with a car dealer and proceed to offline engagement—a necessary stage in the car purchase funnel. We develop an analytical model of the online-to-offline sales funnel to generalize our findings and highlight the conditions under which online engagement substitutes for offline engagement and potentially decreases offline sales. Taken together, our findings suggest that while online engagement serves as a means for both product information provision and consumer persuasion, it may fall short in achieving the latter goal, as compared to the offline channel. For purely offline products, hands-on engagement is a necessary step toward purchase. Thus, increasing consumers’ online engagement may not be an optimal strategy if it has the potential to halt progression down the sales funnel and reduce offline engagement.
What Will Be Popular Next? Predicting Hotspots in Two-Mode Social Networks
Authors: Li Zhepeng (Lionel) , Ge Yong , Bai Xue
Published: August 2021

In social networks, social foci are physical or virtual entities around which social individuals organize joint activities, for example, places and products (physical form) or opinions and services (virtual form). Forecasting which social foci will diffuse to more social individuals is important for managerial functions such as marketing and public management operations. In terms of diffusive social adoptions, prior studies on user adoptive behavior in social networks have focused on single-item adoption in homogeneous networks. We advance this body of research by modeling scenarios with multi-item adoption and learning the relative propagation of social foci in concurrent social diffusions for online social networking platforms. In particular, we distinguish two types of social nodes in our two-mode social network model: social foci and social actors. Based on social network theories, we identify and operationalize factors that drive social adoption within the two-mode social network. We also capture the interdependencies between social actors and social foci using a bilateral recursive process—specifically, a mutual reinforcement process that converges to an analytical form. Thus, we develop a gradient learning method based on a mutual reinforcement process that targets the optimal parameter configuration for pairwise ranking of social diffusions. Further, we demonstrate analytical properties of the proposed method such as guaranteed convergence and the convergence rate. In the evaluation, we benchmark the proposed method against prevalent methods, and we demonstrate its superior performance using three real-world data sets that cover the adoption of both physical and virtual entities in online social networking platforms.
Interventions for Improving Professional Networking for Women: Experimental Evidence from the IT Sector
Authors: Bapna Sofia , Funk Russell
Published: August 2021

Professional networks are vital for individuals’ career advancement. Research demonstrates, however, that women are often disadvantaged in their access to such networks. Using a randomized field experiment at an IT conference, we found that women had worse networking outcomes than men. Relative to men, women met 42% fewer new contacts, spent 48% less time talking to them, and added 25% fewer LinkedIn connections. We theorize that in fields where women are underrepresented (e.g., IT) two networking barriers—search and social—differentially affect men and women. We designed and experimentally tested interventions for reducing these barriers. The search intervention was designed to facilitate locating diverse contacts and information. The social intervention was designed to facilitate helping behavior and connecting across social boundaries. Our findings indicate that the search intervention increased the number of new contacts women met by 57%, the time they spent talking with them by 90%, the number of LinkedIn connections they added by 29%, and their odds of changing jobs by a factor of 1.6. The social intervention also increased the time women spent talking to new contacts by 66%. However, the interventions did not improve men’s outcomes. Our results show that simple interventions can help women expand their networks and find jobs.
Is Hidden Safe? Location Protection against Machine-Learning Prediction Attacks in Social Networks
Authors: Han Xiao , Wang Leye , Fan Weiguo
Published: August 2021

User privacy protection is a vital issue of concern for online social networks (OSNs). Even though users often intentionally hide their private information in OSNs, since adversaries may conduct prediction attacks to predict hidden information using advanced machine learning techniques, private information that users intend to hide may still be at risk of being exposed. Taking the current city listed on Facebook profiles as a case, we propose a solution that estimates and manages the exposure risk of users’ hidden information. First, we simulate an aggressive prediction attack using advanced state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms by proposing a new current city prediction framework that integrates location indications based on various types of information exposed by users, including demographic attributes, behaviors, and relationships. Second, we study prediction attack results to model patterns of prediction correctness (as correct predictions lead to information exposures) and construct an exposure risk estimator. The proposed exposure risk estimator has the ability not only to notify users of exposure risks related to their hidden current city but can also help users mitigate exposure risks by overhauling and selecting countermeasures. Moreover, our exposure risk estimator can improve the privacy management of OSNs by facilitating empirical studies on the exposure risks of OSN users as a group. Taking the current city as a case, this work offers insight on how to protect other types of private information against machine-learning prediction attacks and reveals several important implications for both practice management and future research.
Studies on Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tasar Silkworm, Antheraeamylitta.Drury
Authors: Renuka G. , Shamitha G.
Published: August 2021

The populations of Indian tropical Tasar silkworm, Antheraeamylitta Drury, the semi-wild, sericigenous, lepidopteran insect are distributed in eco pockets of various States. These ecoraces vary in geography, topography, ecology, food plant flora and frequency of life cycle in latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. They exhibit diversity in phenotypic, behavioural, physiogenetic and commercial characters. In the present study, the SSR amplification of 7 silkworm strains/ecoraces (16 individuals in each, with seven primers which generated polymorphism) yielded a total of 887 bands, out of which 420 were (47.3 %) polymorphic. Most of the bands were observed within the range 130 to 500 base pairs which is in accordance with the allelic size of the primers taken for studies. The subsequent analysis of its population structure using these alleles revealed the formation of population clusters. The study suggests that these markers could be effectively utilized for identifying the genetic variability among tasar ecoraces.
Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Enzyme (Glutaminase and Urease) producing Bacteria isolated from Soil Samples of Different Regions of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Neha , Kaushik Shuchi , Tomar Rajesh Singh
Published: August 2021

Microbial glutaminase and urease have demonstrated their benefits in various fields like medicinal, pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Keeping this viewpoint, the aim of the present study was the isolation and characterization of extracellular enzyme-producing bacteria from soil samples collected from different regions of Gwalior (M.P.). The isolated bacterial cultures were processed by serial dilution method and maintained on nutrient agar medium following standard microbiological laboratory practices for maintenance and preservation of bacteria. We screened out three enzyme producing strains of Salmonella sp., Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. The screening was based on biochemical testing and enzyme assays. To accomplish this work, we used differential as well as selective media. All the selected isolates were able to produce enzymes like L-Glutaminase and Urease with different specific enzymatic activity. These bacterial isolates were not reported to show any type of allergenicity when their sequences were checked by bioinformatics tool Algpred. So, these bacterial isolates can be considered as an alternative source for the production of enzymes and can be used for largescale production of enzymes at the industrial level.
Siberian Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Russian Academy of Science
Authors: Кашеваров Н.И. , Полищук А.А. , Лебедев А.Н. , Понамарева В.И. , Хазов М.В.
Published: August 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследований за 2013–2015 годы по возделыванию кукурузы в совместных посевах с многолетними бобовыми травами (клевером, люцерной, эспарцетом) в условиях лесостепной зоны Западной Сибири. Изучены закономерности роста, формирования урожайности, а также питательность зелёной массы кукурузы при совместном возделывании на разных фонах (с подкашиванием и без него). Наблюдение за ростом и развитием изучаемых культур показало существенное угнетающее влияние всех многолетних трав на рост и развитие кукурузы. Так, 15 июля высота кукурузы в одновидовых посевах составляла в среднем 71 см, в совместных — 42 см. Доля кукурузы в общей биомассе совместных посевов в этот период не превышала 10%. Проведение подкашивания улучшило условия произрастания кукурузы, особенно в вариантах с врезанием кукурузы в рядовые посевы люцерны и клевера. В результате к уборке 3 сентября высота кукурузы в этих вариантах была на 22 см выше по сравнению с кукурузой без подкашивания. Установлено, что максимальная урожайность в совместных посевах была сформирована кукурузой с клевером — до 19,1 т/га зелёной и 5,64 т/га сухой массы. Посевы с люцерной и эспарцетом показали более низкую урожайность — в пределах 15,4–16,3 т/га зелёной и 4,38–4,39 т/га сухой массы. Черезрядное размещение культур (70 см) привело к существенному снижению сбора сухой массы по сравнению с рядовым посевом культур и посевом с междурядьями 35 см в связи с увеличением доли кукурузы в общей биомассе до 31–38%.

The article reports on maize cultivated with perennial legume grasses (clover, alfalfa, sainfoin) in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2013–2015. Growth, yield, and nutritional value of maize green mass were tested on different backgrounds (with and without top cutting). All the grasses negatively affected maize growth and development. On the 15th of July maize height reached 72 cm in the control and 42 cm — in mixtures. Maize proportion in total biomass was below 10%. Top cutting improved maize performance, particularly in mixtures with alfalfa and clover. As a result, maize height in these variants exceeded the ones without top cutting by 22 cm by the 3rd of September. Maize combination with clover provided the highest yield among the mixed stands — up to 19.1 t ha-1 of green mass and 5.64 t ha-1 of dry mass. Alfalfa and sainfoin mixtures showed the lowest productivity — 15.4–16.3 t ha-1 of green mass and 4.38–4.39 t ha-1 of dry mass. Skip-row planting (70 cm) led to the significant reduction in dry mass compared to row planting or the one with the inter-row space of 35 cm due to the increase in maize proportion up to 31–38% in total biomass.
New variety of white clover — “Izumrud”
Authors: Тимошкина О. , Тимошкин О.
Published: August 2021

Исследования выполнены в Пензенской области в 2014 2018 годах. Клевер ползучий (Trifolium repens L.) многолетнее травянистое растение, которое можно использовать для коренного улучшения состояния лугов и пастбищ. Цель селекционной работы с клевером ползучим в Пензенском НИИСХ создание сорта с урожайностью зелёной массы 14 16 т/га, устойчивой семенной продуктивностью (150 250 кг/га), выдерживающего трёхчетырёхкратное стравливание или скашивание, переносящего кратковременную засуху, пригодного к механизированной уборке семян. Представлена характеристика нового сорта клевера ползучего Изумруд, переданного в 2018 году на государственное сортоиспытание. Метеорологические условия отличались по годам исследования, что позволило достаточно полно оценить перспективность сортобразца. По результатам трёх циклов конкурсного испытания (2015 2017 годы) урожайность зелёной массы нового сорта Изумруд составила 19,48 т/га, сбор сухого вещества 4,34 т/га, урожайность семян 151 кг/га, что на 13,7, 18,4 и 18,9 выше стандарта ВИК 70 соответственно. Содержание сырого протеина в сухом веществе составило 22,4 26,9, клетчатки не превышало 27 31. Повреждаемость вредителями слабая, поражаемость бурой пятнистостью и мозаикой клевера ползучего слабая, ниже стандартного сорта. Сорт высокоустойчив к корневым гнилям, раку клевера, аскохитозу. Сорт Изумруд пригоден к механизированной уборке семян. Высокая засухоустойчивость (5 баллов) и зимостойкость (96 100) нового сорта позволяет рекомендовать его для сенокосного и пастбищного использования во всех зонах распространения культуры. Экономический эффект при использовании на кормовые цели составляет 11,2 тыс. руб./га, на семена 7,2 тыс. руб./га.

The investigation took place in the Penza region in 2014 2018. Breeding of a new white clover variety aimed at the development of a genotype that had green mass productivity of 14 16 t ha1, stable seed yield of 150 250 kg ha1, high resistance to triple or quadruple cutting, shorttime drought and automized harvesting. This paper gives the description of white clover Izumrud that was sent to the State variety trial in 2018. The variety was tested under the different weather conditions. Three years of the competitive variety trial (2015 2017) showed that its green mass productivity amounted to 19.48 t ha1, dry matter (DM) content 4.34 t ha1, seed yield 151 kg ha1, exceeding the standard variety (VIK 70) by 13.7, 18.4 and 18.9, respectively. Crude protein content was 22.4 26.9, fiber up to 27 31. Izumrud also exceeded VIK 70 in tolerance to pests, Pseudopeziza trifolii and mosaic virus. The variety had high resistance to root rot, clover wilt and Ascochyta leaf spot. It tolerated automized harvesting, drought and cold and was recommended for farm cultivation. Its economic efficiency amounted to 11.2 thousand RUB ha1 under forage production and 7.2 thousand RUB ha1 under seed production.
Productivity of restored grassland-steppe ecosystems
Authors: Пещанская Е. , Кожевников В.
Published: August 2021

Необходимость восстановления луговой степи центрального Ставрополья возникла ещё в середине прошлого столетия. Причиной тому послужило усиление воздействия антропогенных факторов на окружающую среду: распашка целины, промышленное и гражданское строительство, чрезмерный выпас скота, а также воздействие различного вида эрозий. В целях сохранения уникального природного комплекса степей с большим набором ценных и редких видов, а также в качестве опыта по восстановлению кормовых угодий в Ставропольском ботаническом саду в 1963 году были начаты исследования по интродукции дёрна. В период с 1963 по 1984 год на площади около 2 га были воссозданы фрагменты луговой степи. Изучение состояния искусственных ценозов, получение сравнительных данных в отношении видового состава, хозяйственно-ботанических групп, урожайности ценозов важнейшие компоненты исследования. В качестве эталонов обследовались территории естественных целинных степей (эталоны) (г. Бучинка, г. Стрижамент, урочище Новомарьевская поляна) с доминантами, сходными с доминантами изучаемых участков, восстановленных дёрном ( Бучинка , Стрижамент , Новомарьевская поляна ). Количество видов на эталонных участках составляет 6592, на восстановленных участках 83103. Видовой состав максимально представлен разнотравьем: от 44 до 72 видов. Во всех выборках проб преобладают злаки (31,9446,17) и разнотравье (29,4041,64), значительный удельный вес приходится на сухие остатки (старику) 7,6128,64. Масса бобовых колеблется в пределах от 0,85 до 11,01, осок от 0,1 до 13,83. Урожайность травостоя восстановленных ценозов сохраняется высокой 3,243,97 т/га. Показатели урожайности травостоя восстановленных формаций превышают показатели эталонов с разницей от 0,61 до 1,65 т/га.

Restoration of grasslands became important in the Central Stavropol region in the middle of the last century. The reason was an increased anthropogenic effect: plowing, industrial and civil engineering, cattle grazing and erosion. Experiments on turf introduction got started at the Stavropol Botanical Garden in 1963 to preserve and restore the unique natural steppe area with a large number of valuable and rare species. Fragments of steppe were grown on 2 ha area from 1963 to 1984. The investigation focused on ecosystem conditions, species composition, botanical groups and yield. Natural steppes performed as controls (Buchinka, Strizhament, Novomaryevskaya Polyana) having similar dominant species as the trial areas. Control areas contained 6592 species, the restored ones 83103. There were 4472 different grass species grown. Proportions of gramineous averaged to 31.9446.17, grass mixtures 29.4041.64, grassland litter 7.6128.64. Contents of legumes varied within 0.8511.01, sedge 0.113.83. Grass productivity of the restored area was high 3.243.97 t ha-1. It exceeded the one of the natural areas by 0.611.65 t ha-1.
Seed treatment on small farms
Authors: Климов С. , Горохов К. , Дондоков Ю. , Дринча В.
Published: August 2021

Результаты фитоэкспертизы семян во многих регионах производства зерна свидетельствуют об увеличении поражения зерновых культур основными возбудителями экономически значимых болезней. В настоящее время ежегодные потери зерна от болезней во многих регионах составляют не менее 20. Ухудшение фитосанитарной обстановки стало результатом сокращения объёмов предпосевной обработки семян на фоне внедрения технологий минимальной обработки почвы, применения севооборотов с короткой ротацией, изменения климата, ухудшения общей культуры земледелия. Обработка современными фунгицидами является одним из методов, способных защитить семена, проростки и всходы не только от семенной инфекции, но и от ранней аэрогенной инфекции. Целью данной статьи является обоснование и выбор оптимальных способов предпосевной обработки семян жидкими веществами в условиях небольших хозяйств. Экспериментальные исследования по оценке эффективности дозаторов жидких веществ проводились в основном в условиях хозяйств Ивановской области в 20142019 годах. Исходным материалом служили семена пшеницы и ячменя, прошедшие послеуборочную обработку на воздушно-решётных машинах отечественного производства. В статье представлены способы предпосевной обработки семян жидкими веществами в хозяйствах с небольшими объёмами производства зерновых культур (до 1000 т в год) и трав, а также обоснованы основные конструктивно-технологические параметры дозатора жидких веществ на мобильных семенных погрузчиках. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы для выбора оптимального способа обработки, а также для разработки рекомендаций по предпосевной обработке семян в небольших зернопроизводящих хозяйствах.

Data from many regions shows the increase in grain crop infection rate. Nowadays annual yield losses from diseases amount to at least 20. Decline in phytosanitary safety is a result of a lack in seed treatment combined with minimum tillage, short crop rotation, climate change and arable farming issues. Fungicides are able to prevent various diseases on seeds, germs and seedlings. This paper deals with characterization and selection of optimal seed treatment techniques on small farms. Experiments on metering unit effectiveness took place in the Ivanovo region in 20142019. Wheat and barley seeds were used in the study. Seeds were cleaned after their harvest by domestic machines. This paper reports on methods of seed treatment by liquid substances on small farms (grain and grass production of up to 1000 t annually). It also contains characteristics of liquid substance metering unit of auger loader. This report can be used to select an optimal treatment method and develop recommendations on seed treatment on small grain-producing farms.
Productivity and nutritional value of birdʼs-foot trefoil mixture with common timothy on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition and liming
Authors: Фигурин В.А. , Кислицына А.П.
Published: August 2021

Научные исследования выполнены в 2017–2019 годах на опытном поле ФГБНУ «ФАНЦ Северо-Востока». Почва опытного участка дерново-подзолистая, среднесуглинистая, сильнокислая, с содержанием в пахотном слое 1,9% гумуса, средним — подвижного фосфора и обменного калия, подвижного алюминия — от 4,23 до 5,24 мг/кг почвы. В статье изложены результаты исследования влияния минеральных удобрений, в том числе фосфоритной муки, а также известкования на продуктивность и качество кормовой массы лядвенце-тимофеечной травосмеси. Цель работы — определить наиболее эффективные виды минеральных удобрений, в том числе на известкованном фоне, для получения высокой продуктивности и качества кормовой массы. Установлено, что высокая продуктивность лядвенце-тимофеечной травосмеси получена при совместном внесении минеральных удобрений и извести. Сбор сухого вещества составлял более 5,0 т/га, что достоверно выше контрольного варианта в среднем за 3 года жизни трав на 39,9% при внесении фосфорно-калийных удобрений и на 43,8% — при добавлении азотных. Выход обменной энергии в этих вариантах превышал 50 ГДж/га, сбор сырого протеина был более 0,60 т/га. Известкование достоверно увеличивало сбор сухого вещества трав на 19,0%. Фосфоритование не обеспечивало достоверной прибавки сбора сухого вещества. Внесение азотных удобрений (N30) совместно с фосфорно-калийными, как и калийных (К60) с фосфоритной мукой, не приводило к достоверному росту сбора сухого вещества. Содержание сырого протеина зависело от доли лядвенца в урожае. При высоком преобладании лядвенца во втором укосе во второй и третий годы жизни трав содержание сырого протеина превышало 17%.

The investigation took place in 2017–2019. Soil — sod-podzolic with medium clay content, low pH, and medium concentrations of soluble phosphorus and exchange potassium. Humus content — 1.9%, soluble aluminium — 4.23 –5.24 mg/kg. The article focuses on the effect of mineral fertilizers and liming on productivity and forage quality of birdʼs-foot trefoil mixed with common timothy. The experiment aimed at identification of the most effective mineral fertilizers leading to high yield and quality of forage mass. Fertilization resulted in high yield of the mixture on the background of liming. Dry matter yield (DM) reached 5.0 t ha-1, significantly exceeding the control by 39.9% under PK fertilization and by 43.8% — when applying NPK. Exchange energy yield exceeded 50 GJ ha-1, crude protein — 0.60 t ha-1. Liming significantly increased DM content by 19.0%. Phosphorite meal had insignificant effect on DM increase. Application of nitrogen fertilizers (N30) in combination with PK as well as К60 with phosphorite meal showed no significant influence. Accumulation of crude protein depended on birdʼs-foot trefoil ratio in the yield. Crude protein exceeded 17% in the second cut due to the high proportion of birdʼs-foot trefoil in the second and third life cycles.
New high-productive varieties of Sudan grass
Authors: Ковтунова Н.А. , Ковтунов В.В. , Романюкин А.Е. , Шишова Е.А.
Published: August 2021

Исследования проведены в 2015–2020 годах на опытном участке ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской», расположенном в зоне неустойчивого увлажнения в Зерноградском районе Ростовской области. Так как в последние годы в летний период здесь наблюдается сильная засуха, высокие температуры и неравномерное распределение осадков, многие культуры не способны обеспечить необходимое количество кормов. Поэтому возрос интерес к суданской траве. Данная культура является одной из самых засухоустойчивых, жаростойких, солевыносливых. По содержанию питательных веществ зелёная масса суданской травы не уступает однолетним кормовым культурам, содержит большое количество жира, клетчатки, БЭВ. В ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской» созданы и внесены в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений два сорта: Алиса (2019 год) и Грация (2020 год). Сорта допущены к использованию в Северо-Кавказском, Нижне-Волжском и Центрально-Чернозёмном регионах России, могут использоваться для возделывания на зелёный корм и сено. Цель данной работы — оценить морфологические, биологические и урожайные свойства новых сортов суданской травы Алиса и Грация, выделить их особенности и преимущества перед стандартом. Исследования проводились в трёхпольном севообороте. Предшественник — озимая пшеница. Установлено, что новые сорта характеризуются повышенной интенсивностью начального роста и послеукосного отрастания. Они отличаются высокой устойчивостью к поражению всеми видами головни, слабо поражаются бактериозом. Средняя урожайность составила: зеленой массы — 36 т/га (сорт Алиса) и 37 т/га (сорт Грация), абсолютно сухого вещества — 8,5 и 8,8 т/га соответственно, что превышало стандартный сорт Александрина соответственно на 5–6 и 0,7–1,0 т/га.

The investigation was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2015–2020. The Center is located at the Zernograd district of the Rostov region. Severe drought, high temperature and water deficit significantly reduce productivity of many crops in summer. Therefore, cultivation of Sudan grass gained a lot of attention. This crop is highly resistant to drought, heat and salinity. Its green mass is rich in nutrients, fat, fiber and nitrogen-free extractive substances. The Center bred and registered two varieties: “Alisa” (2019) and “Gratsiya” (2020). Both genotypes are adapted to the North Caucasian, Lower Volga and Central Chernozem regions for green fodder and hay production. The aim was to evaluate morphology, biology and yield of these varieties and identify their benefits over the standard. Plants were cultivated under the three-field crop rotation after winter wheat. “Alisa” and “Gratsiya” showed high growth rate, resistance to various smut and bacterial diseases. “Alisa” produces 36 of green mass and 8.5 t ha-1 of absolutely dry matter on average, “Gratsiya” — 37 and 8.8 t ha-1, respectively, exceeding the standard variety “Aleksandrina” by 5–6 and 0.7–1.0 t ha-1.
Analisis kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum di SMA Negeri
Authors: Safitri Maya
Published: August 2021

Kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum. Pengelolaan kompetensi pedagogik menjadi problem yang umum ditemui dalam mewujudkan tujuan pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI, upaya dan kendala guru PAI dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum pada lima SMA Negeri di Aceh. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian memberikan deskripsi kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI dikelola dengan baik yang diwujudkan dengan penyusunan rencana pembelajaran, silabus, program tahunan, dan program semester, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Upaya pengembangan kompetensi dilakukan dengan kegiatan pelatihan, pengembangan diri, supervisi, motivasi, dan pembinaan guru. Sedangkan kendala implementasi kurikulum adalah kurangnya motivasi, lemahnya penguasaan teknologi dan informasi, minimnya sosialisasi perubahan kurikulum dan evaluasi pembelajaran, terbatasnya sumber belajar, alokasi struktur kurikulum yang minim, dan input peserta didik yang rendah.
Scope Restrictions, National Partiality, and War
Authors: Davis Jeremy
Published: August 2021

Most of us believe that partiality applies in a broad range of relationships. One relationship on which there is much disagreement is co-nationality. Some writers argue that co-national partiality is not justified in certain cases, like killing in war, since killing in defense of co-nationals is intuitively impermissible in other contexts. I argue that this approach overlooks an important structural feature of partiality—namely, that its scope is sometimes restricted. In this essay, I show how some relationships that generate reasons of partiality are restricted in scope—that is, they generate reasons within particular contexts or with respect to particular goods. I then argue that co-national partiality is scope restricted. I then show how this fact helps proponents of co-national partiality overcome the aforementioned objection to its application in cases like war.
Preservation of Cultural and Historical Heritage at Risk Based on the Experience of the Scientific Archive at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (2019)
Authors:   Scientific Archive at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, Ilieva Darina
Published: August 2021

The report presents the importance of working on joint research projects for the conservation of cultural and historical heritage through the use of modern information and communication technologies. The issue is of national priority and has a significant place in the European integration process. I offer a brief description of several projects that the BAS Scientific Archive has worked on, but I elaborate on the latest academic archive project related to Bulgaria's participation in the wars for national unification in the early 20th century. The proposed scientific problems are of great interest not only among the Bulgarian scientific community, but also in the broad European context, increase the possibilities for future interdisciplinary studies. This is the contribution of the Academic Archive to the cultural diversity of Europe and the world in historical and contemporary terms. Keywords: Archive, Cultural and Historical Heritage, Research Projects
Technological and Legal Aspect in Digitalization of Movable Cultural Assets. Copyright and Intellectual Property Rights
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, Sotirova-Valkova Kalina
Published: August 2021

The article presents the cycle of digitization of cultural heritage objects (movable cultural values stored in museums and galleries) with its three main stages: preparation, conversion and access. The focus is on the technological aspect, the preparation of the museum team and the standards used. In parallel, the legal framework of digitization is viewed as a serious, nationally specific and rarely presented topic related to copyright and intellectual property over the original and its digital derivative. Keywords: Digitization, Cultural Heritage, Authorship and Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights, Standards
Digital Transformations and Musical Education on the Traditions of Folk Instrumental Culture
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, Russia, Rytov Dmitrii
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the peculiarities of introduction of digital technologies in musical education on traditions of folk instrumental culture, the potentials of building an educational process on the basis of centuries-old traditions of the Russian people, its richest cultural heritage, in particular, folk art culture. Functions of folk art culture are shown and analyzed. The core viewpoint of the paper is showing the importance of knowledge and respect for own culture as a guarantor of self-preservation of the ethnic group, strengthening of social self-awareness, formation of tolerant relationships and relationships with other ethnic groups. The importance of folk instruments in children's musical education is considered. The possibilities of solving the problem of archiving of cultural heritage products and providing them with full access are explored. Modern opportunities of distance education and use of digital technology resources in music education are demonstrated. Keywords: Folk Art Culture, Cultural Heritage, Traditions of Folk Instrumental Culture, Translation of Cultural Values, Digital Technologies, Information Environment, Distance Education
Aesthetic Visual Aspects in Digital Presentation of Cultural and Historical Heritage
Authors:   National Art Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria, Dobrevski Dimitar
Published: August 2021

All serious theoretical research in the field of communication shows that, under the influence of global processes of globalization, information is increasingly visualized and iconized. Young people communicate using the wide range of opportunities provided by digital technology and the Internet. We spend a lot of our time in the virtual space. Everything seems fraudulently easy - everyone in minutes can upload information that is rapidly becoming available worldwide. Even small children handle as computer technicians. At the same time, the majority of participants in this communication have a substantial deficiency in visual literacy. Even specialists often ignore the language of forms, colors and compositional organization of space, which requires serious preparation, training and continuous specialization. Worldwide there are no good examples, but unfortunately they are not yet available to the cultural community in our country. The report raises a number of questions and issues for discussion and tries to draw attention to possible ways of solution. Keywords: Visual Communication, Iconography, Language of Colors and Forms
Customs and Rites of the Regions of Uzbekistan
Authors:   State Institute of Arts and Culture, Uzbekistan, Khalikulova Guzal
Published: August 2021

The given article deals with the fact that in the Pskent and Buka districts of the Tashkent region there were unique rituals, people of these localities were engaged in handicraft, weaving, needlework, animal husbandry and they created ancient songs associated with these phenomena, various events were sung by folklore songs and they passed from generation to generation contributed to the familiarization of people to beauty. Keywords: Customs, Tradition, National Songs, Culture, History, Region, Oral History
About the Ritual of Naming The Child
Authors:   The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture, Uzbekistan, Islamov Utkir , Tujchiev Jurabek ,   The Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture, Uzbekistan
Published: August 2021

The given article researches the ritual of naming children among the peoples of the East, in particular the Uzbek people. It mainly draws attention to the causes and factors of giving names denoting the process of survival and development of the baby. Keywords: Folklore, Rites, Traditions, Customs, Name, Ethnography, Baby
Problems of Digital Perceiving and Preservation of Living Cultural Heritage in Bulgarian Christian Religious Practices
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Sofia, Bulgaria, Galabova Liana
Published: August 2021

Contemporary technological mediation of the perceiving of Christian religious practices raises new questions of cultural interpretation, related to re-conceptualisation of participation in church life and belonging to Bulgarian traditional confessions. Unpopularity of cultural value of documenting of living religious heritage creates polemics about the opportunity of photographing and filming in sacred spaces, exposing of observed church events in media and direct transmission from sacral sites also during creation of church art and practicing of other religious rituals. Therefore attempts to balance ethnic, confessional and liturgical dimensions with tourist and public interests in accordance to global development of that discussion and potential effects of stability or instability of emerging new traditions, deserve scholarly attention. Keywords: Digitalisation, Living Heritage, Christianity, Religious Practices, Heritage Perceiving, Heritage Preservation, Church Arts
The Revival Textbooks from the Old-fashioned Collection of the Centre Community "Nadejda-1869"
Authors:   Club in domestic culture “Nadezda”, Community centre “Nadejda -1869”, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Vladeva Pavlina
Published: August 2021

The subject of the study was 45 textbooks, published from 1835 to 1875 were preserved in the old-fashioned collection of the centre community "Nadejda-1869". Their authors are 17 teachers who wrote, translated and published first Bulgarian textbooks in the XIX-th century. They are journalists writing the first newspapers and magazines. They lead the struggle for new Bulgarian education, church independence and political freedom. They reform the education and the place of the cell, they build the secular. They are innovators, they introduce the study of new school subjects and languages according to the needs of the time. The text presents first textbooks in Bulgarian language, readings and grammar, arithmetics, geometry and physics. They are textbooks on history, geography, textbooks of natural history. Were preserved textbooks of logic, textbooks of moral and textbooks and dictionaries in French and German, sacred Orthodox catechisms. The article presents the history and development of the curriculum in Bulgarian schools in the ХIX c. Keywords: Old-Fashioned Collection, Centre Community "Nadejda-1869", Teachers, Authors, First Bulgarian Textbooks in the XIX-th, New Bulgarian Secular Education, New School Subjects and Languages, First Textbooks in Bulgarian Language, Readings, Grammar, Arithmetics, Geometry and Physics, History Textbooks, Geography, Textbooks and Dictionaries in French and German
The Disappeared Liturgical Rank - Oil Consecration for Dead, According to Liturgical Collection No. 64 (XV - XVII c.), Kept in the Scientific Archive of BAS
Authors:   Scientific Archive at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, Gospodinova Galya
Published: August 2021

In the 15th - 16th centuries, the so-called oil lighting for the deceased was carried out. This missing liturgical rank is kept in liturgical collection No. 64 (XV - XVII c.), stored in the Scientific archive – BAS. Tracking it will give an idea of how this oil lighting was done. Liturgical Collection No. 64 is the earliest transcript, which stores the entire sequence. Keywords: Anointment, Deceased, Ritual, Collection, Complaint
Цифрові технології економічного сталого розвитку в Китаї
Authors: Бричко Аліна Михайлівна , Чженянь Ван
Published: August 2021

Раніше довгий час існували традиційні підприємства, що мали великий успіх, але сьогодні, в умовах швидкого розвитку соціальної економіки, вони мають змінюватися, щоб краще впоратися з виникненням можливих проблем, а отже повинні використовувати інформації технології. Цифрові технології приносять більше заробітку, підприємствам необхідно поєднувати використання інформаційних технологій та управлінську діяльність. Сільське господарство є основою сталого розвитку національної економіки, необхідною вимогою людства та основою виживання людини. Управління економікою сільського господарства є важливою складовою економічної діяльності, тому побудова та застосування інформаційних технологій стали важливою темою дослідження в умовах сьогодення. Завдяки цьому дослідженню ми можемо краще зрозуміти, як поєднувати цифрові інформаційні технології з управлінням підприємством. Методи дослідження – уточнення і спрощення понять «цифрові технології» та «управління підприємством»; експертна оцінка, статистичний аналіз, групування та зведення даних, дослідження ситуації на ринку підприємств, виявлення та розвиток цифрових технологій; метод підвищення ефективності праці шляхом застосування цифрових технологій в управлінні.

Застосування комп’ютерних технологій призводить до діджиталізації інформації. Вся інформація, що генерується в процесі діяльності підприємств, така як: файли про персонал підприємства, інформація про ресурси клієнтів підприємства, фінансове становище бізнесу тощо, безсумнівно потребуватиме більших людських, матеріальних та фінансових ресурсів, а низька ефективність збільшить вартість роботи. Якщо комп’ютерні технології використовувати для обробки корпоративної інформації, це пришвидшить діджиталізацію інформації, полегшить її інтеграцію та підвищить ефективність роботи, і ця інформація буде дуже легко використовуватися, уникаючи марної витрати часу на пошук, та значно заощадить людські ресурси. Результати, проаналізовані авторами, є дуже корисними для проведення оцінювання розвитку китайських підприємств і навіть є вагомими в дослідженні стійкого економічного розвитку всієї країни, а також можуть дати рекомендації для подальшого розвитку й трансформації традиційних китайських підприємств. З огляду на це, стаття пропонує методи та контрзаходи сталого економічного розвитку в умовах швидкого економічного розвитку сьогодні. Запропонований авторами метод може сприяти розвитку економіки Китаю та надати значну допомогу для трансформації традиційних підприємств.
Принципи захисту даних у системі обліку: управлінські аспекти
Authors: Легенчук Сергій Федорович , Царук Ірина Михайлівна , Назаренко Тетяна Петрівна
Published: August 2021

Обґрунтовано необхідність проведення досліджень у напрямі підвищення рівня безпеки бухгалтерських даних в умовах удосконалення системи обліку на основі технологічних інновацій. Описано загальний процес перетворення даних на інформацію в інформаційних системах. Проаналізовано загальну модель функціонування бухгалтерських інформаційних систем. Обґрунтовано сутність поняття бухгалтерських даних у вузькому й широкому розумінні та поняття облікової інформації. Розглянуто поняття безпеки інформаційної системи обліку. Проаналізовано підходи вчених до виокремлення принципів захисту даних. Обґрунтовано сутність окремих принципів захисту бухгалтерських даних (цілісність, конфіденційність, доступність). Визначено систему правил, якої необхідно дотримуватись працівникам бухгалтерської служби для забезпечення цілісності бухгалтерських даних на підприємстві. Визначено причини порушення конфіденційності бухгалтерських даних. Визначено роль принципів безпеки даних у підвищенні якості облікової інформації.
Intervenção Direito Penal em Migração Phenomena
Authors: Medeiros Thamara Duarte Cunha
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a legitimidade da intervenção penal nos fluxosmigratórios atuais. A principal premissa considera que a utilização do direito penal comoinstrumento de gestão para controlar os fluxos Migratorio ratifica o discurso do medoem relação à imingração e incentiva o crime organizado que tem se estruturado frente àpolítica de tolerância zero contra a imigração, em especial os crimes de tráfico de pessoase contrabando de migrantes . Neste sentido, a análise e definição do bem jurídico “políticade imigração” sugere uma reflexão à luz das bases principiológicas do direito penal e suscitaquestões que implicam numa redefinição do direito de punir na sociedade do risco.