bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wide-band Timing of GMRT-discovered Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Sharma Shyam S. , Roy Jayanta , Bhattacharyya Bhaswati , Levin Lina , Stappers Ben W. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Schult Levi , Singh Shubham , Kaninghat Aswathy
Published: September 2022

Modeling of frequency-dependent effects, contributed by the turbulence in the free electron density of interstellar plasma, is required to enable the detection of the expected imprints from the stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background in pulsar timing data. In this work, we present an investigation of temporal variations of interstellar medium for a set of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) aided by large fractional bandwidth at lower observing frequencies. Contrary to the conventional narrowband analysis using a frequency-invariant template profile, we applied PulsePortraiture-based wide-band timing analysis while correcting for the evolution of the pulsar profile with frequency. Implementation of the PulsePortraiture-based wide-band timing method for the GMRT-discovered MSPs to probe the dispersion measure (DM) variations resulted in a DM precision of 10−4 pc cm−3. In general, we achieve similar DM and timing precision from wide-band timing compared to the narrowband timing with matching temporal variations of DMs. This wide-band timing study of newly discovered MSPs over a wide frequency range highlights the effectiveness of profile modeling at low frequencies and probes the potential of using them in a pulsar timing array.
Ecosystem services’ capacity and flow in the Venice Lagoon and the relationship with ecological status
Authors: Rova Silvia , Stocco Alice , Pranovi Fabio
Published: September 2022

Ecosystem services (ES) are theoretically linked to healthy ecological conditions, but this relationship seems to be rather challenging to demonstrate in the real world. Therefore, shedding light on these aspects can be crucial for implementing effective ecosystem management strategies, for instance within the context of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation. This work aims to present a spatially-explicit assessment of the ecological potential (capacity) and actual use (flow) of 12 ES in the Venice lagoon and to explore the relationships with the ecological status. Quantitative indicators of capacity and flow for each ES have been assessed and mapped and the results summarised with a set of aggregated indicators. The outcomes reveal a positive relationship between the overall capacity and flow of ES, suggesting that where the first is degraded, an overall loss of ES delivery occurs. A complex picture emerges when exploring the links with the ecological conditions, as the relationship changes with the ES and ecological status indicators considered. Structural indicators of ecological status, such as the Biological Quality Elements adopted by the WFD (assessed by MAQI and M-AMBI metrics), seem to be weakly linked with ES, while functional indicators (Kempton Q-90 diversity and secondary production) showed stronger links, especially when aggregated ES indicators are considered. Concerning different ES, it appears that the flow of the ES that are mediated by human uses (provisioning and cultural ES) is negatively related with some of the ecological status indicators. Finally, our results suggest possible limitations of the zonation adopted under the WFD, when it comes to the analysis of ES. We argue that ES could play a role in the management of the Lagoon ecosystem, as their analysis could be used to preserve the ecological functioning by managing the ‘uses’ we make of the ecosystem.
A related problem on $ s $-Hamiltonian line graphs
Authors: Liu Xia
Published: September 2022

A graph $ G $ is said to be claw-free if $ G $ does not contain $ K_{1, 3} $ as an induced subgraph. For an integer $ s\geq0 $, $ G $ is $ s $-Hamiltonian if for any vertex subset $ S\subset V(G) $ with $ |S|\leq s $, $ G-S $ is Hamiltonian. Lai et al. in [On $ s $-Hamiltonian line graphs of claw-free graphs, Discrete Math., 342 (2019)] proved that for a connected claw-free graph $ G $ and any integer $ s\geq 2 $, its line graph $ L(G) $ is $ s $-Hamiltonian if and only if $ L(G) $ is $ (s+2) $-connected.

Motivated by above result, we in this paper propose the following conjecture. Let $ G $ be a claw-free connected graph such that $ L(G) $ is 3-connected and let $ s\geq1 $ be an integer. If one of the following holds:

($ i $) $ s\in\{1, 2, 3, 4\} $ and $ L(G) $ is essentially $ (s+3) $-connected,

($ ii $) $ s\geq5 $ and $ L(G) $ is essentially $ (s+2) $-connected,

then for any subset $ S\subseteq V(L(G)) $ with $ |S|\leq s $, $ |D_{\leq1}(L(G)-S)|\leq\left \lfloor \frac{s}{2} \right \rfloor $ and $ L(G)-S-D_{\leq1}(L(G)-S) $ is Hamiltonian. Here, $ D_{\leq1}(L(G)-S) $ denotes the set of vertices of degree at most 1 in $ L(G)-S $. Furthermore, we in this paper deal with the cases $ s\in\{1, 2, 3, 4\} $ and $ L(G) $ is essentially $ (s+3) $-connected about this conjecture.
Lightweight tea bud recognition network integrating GhostNet and YOLOv5
Authors: Cao Miaolong , Fu Hao , Zhu Jiayi , Cai Chenggang
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the problems of low detection accuracy and slow speed caused by the complex background of tea sprouts and the small target size, this paper proposes a tea bud detection algorithm integrating GhostNet and YOLOv5. To reduce parameters, the GhostNet module is specially introduced to shorten the detection speed. A coordinated attention mechanism is then added to the backbone layer to enhance the feature extraction ability of the model. A bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) is used in the neck layer of feature fusion to increase the fusion between shallow and deep networks to improve the detection accuracy of small objects. Efficient intersection over union (EIOU) is used as a localization loss to improve the detection accuracy in the end. The experimental results show that the precision of GhostNet-YOLOv5 is 76.31%, which is 1.31, 4.83, and 3.59% higher than that of Faster RCNN, YOLOv5 and YOLOv5-Lite respectively. By comparing the actual detection effects of GhostNet-YOLOv5 and YOLOv5 algorithm on buds in different quantities, different shooting angles, and different illumination angles, and taking F1 score as the evaluation value, the results show that GhostNet-YOLOv5 is 7.84, 2.88, and 3.81% higher than YOLOv5 algorithm in these three different environments.
Application of reaction-diffusion equations for modeling human and breeding site attraction movement behavior of Aedes aegypti mosquito
Authors: Richter Otto , Nguyen Anh , Nguyen Truc
Published: September 2022

This paper shows how biological population dynamic models in the form of coupled reaction-diffusion equations with nonlinear reaction terms can be applied to heterogeneous landscapes. The presented systems of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) combine the dispersal of disease-vector mosquitoes and the spread of the disease in a human population. Realistic biological dispersal behavior is taken into account by applying chemotaxis terms for the attraction to the human host and the attraction of suitable breeding sites. These terms are capable of generating the complex active movement patterns of mosquitoes along the gradients of the attractants. The nonlinear initial boundary value problems are solved numerically for geometries of heterogeneous landscapes, which have been imported from geographic information system data to construct a general-purpose finite-element solver for systems of coupled PDEs. The method is applied to the dispersal of the dengue disease vector for Aedes aegypti in a small-scale rural setting consisting of small houses and different breeding sites, and to a large-scale section of the suburban zone of a metropolitan area in Vietnam. Numerical simulations illustrate how the setup of model equations and geographic information can be used for the assessment of control measures, including the spraying patterns of pesticides and biological control by inducing male sterility.
A model for analyzing evolutions of neurons by using EEG waves
Authors: Fioranelli Massimo , Aru O. Eze , Roccia Maria Grazia , Beesham Aroonkumar , Flavin Dana
Published: September 2022

It is known that differences between potentials of soma, dendrites and different parts of neural structures may be the origin of electroencephalogram (EEG) waves. These potentials may be produced by some excitatory synapses and currents of charges between neurons and then thereafter may themselves cause the emergence of new synapses and electrical currents. These currents within and between neurons emit some electromagnetic waves which could be absorbed by electrodes on the scalp, and form topographic images. In this research, a model is proposed which formulates EEG topographic parameters in terms of the charge and mass of exchanged particles within neurons, those which move between neurons, the number of neurons and the length of neurons and synapses. In this model, by knowing the densities of the frequencies in different regions of the brain, one can predict the type, charge and velocity of particles which are moving along neurons or are exchanged between neurons.
Improved artificial bee colony algorithm for air freight station scheduling
Authors: Wang Haiquan , Haasis Hans-Dietrich , Su Menghao , Wei Jianhua , Xu Xiaobin , Wen Shengjun , Li Juntao , Yue Wenxuan
Published: September 2022

Aiming at improving the operating efficiency of air freight station, the problem of optimizing the sequence of inbound/outbound tasks meanwhile scheduling the actions of elevating transfer vehicles (ETVs) is discussed in this paper. First of all, the scheduling model in airport container storage area, which considers not only the influence of picking sequence, optimal ETVs routing without collision, but also the assignment of input and output ports, is established. Then artificial bee colony (ABC) is proposed to solve the above scheduling issue. For further balancing the abilities of exploration and exploitation, improved multi-dimensional search (IMABC) algorithm is proposed where more dimensions will be covered, and the best dimension of the current optimal solution is used to guide the evolutionary direction in the following exploitation processes. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can generate optimal solution for the complex scheduling problem, and the proposed IMABC outperforms original ABC and other improved algorithms.
Simplified modeling of rubberized concrete properties using multivariable regression analysis
Authors: Habib A. , Yildirim U.
Published: September 2022

The studies on rubberized concrete have increased dramatically over the last few years due to being an environmentally friendly material with enhanced vibration behavior and energy dissipation capabilities. Nevertheless, multiple resources in the literature have reported reductions in its mechanical properties directly proportional to the rubber content. Over the last few years, various mathematical models have been proposed to estimate rubberized concrete properties using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and fuzzy logic-based methods. However, these models are relatively complicated and require higher computation efforts than multivariable regression ones when it comes to the daily usage of practicing engineers. Additionally, most of the study has mainly focused on the compressive strength of rubberized concrete and rarely went into more details considering other properties and sample sizes. Therefore, this study focuses on developing simple yet accurate rubberized concrete multivariable regression models that can be generalized for various mixtures of rubberized concrete considering different sample sizes.
Assessment of prevalence and characteristics of asthma-COPD overlap among patients with chronic airflow obstruction
Authors: Kumar Kapil , Gupta Prem Parkash , Verma Arvind Kumar , Yadav Rohtas
Published: September 2022

Given the paucity of research on asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) and the high prevalence of co-morbidities and healthcare utilization associated with it, the current study looked at the prevalence of ACO and its clinico-radiological phenotype in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Patients over 40 with COPD or asthma were screened for inclusion in the ACO, asthma, and COPD groups. The ACO and COPD groups were further investigated. The clinical characteristics, lung functions, health-related quality of life, and radiological features of both groups were investigated and compared. ACO was discovered in 16.3% of patients with chronic airflow obstruction (asthma and COPD). The most commonly observed symptoms at presentation in the evaluated ACO patients (n=77) were shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, and expectoration (mean age at presentation: 57.9; mean duration of illness: 8.62 years). Exacerbation rates in ACO patients were significantly higher than in COPD patients (p<0.001). The ACO group had a significantly greater mean change in FEV1 post-bronchodilator in millilitres (ml) and percentage (379.61 ml and 37.72%) than the COPD group (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with emphysema was lower in the ACO group than in the COPD group (p<0.001). The ACO and COPD groups did not differ significantly in major airway wall thickness (p=0.3), but the COPD group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with vascular attenuation and distortion (p<0.001). Patients with COPD had a higher degree of hyperinflation, according to high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) indices. This study found that patients with ACO have a distinct phenotype in terms of clinical presentation and HRCT features. More research on the radiological features of ACO is required to identify the anatomical abnormalities involved in the disease's pathogenesis and to validate the radiological features of ACO.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of COVID-19 patients admitted during third wave of pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India
Authors: Agrawal Shreyash , Nath Ravindra , Ish Pranav , Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Gaind Rajni , Kale Suniti , Gera Rani , Dabral Anjali , Gupta Nitesh , COVID 2019 working group *Other members of the Safdarjung Hospital
Published: September 2022

Even nearly two years after the first reported case, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) continues to ebb and flow around the world. A retrospective cohort study was carried out to determine the clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of the cases. The study analyzed secondary data from 827 patients who presented to our center with COVID-19-related illnesses between December 15, 2021, and February 15, 2022 (third wave in India). There was a significant difference in the vaccination status of patients treated at home and those admitted, with 87.9% having received two doses compared to 74% in the second group being unvaccinated. Patients who were isolated at home recovered at a rate of 99.4%, while hospitalized patients died at a rate of 26.5%. Vaccination reduces the severity of COVID-19; however, constant vigilance for new variants, precautionary measures, and increased vaccination drives are critical moving forward.
 
*Other members of the Safdarjung Hospital COVID-19 working group: B. Lal (Medicine), Harish Sachdeva (Anaesthesiology), Santvana Kohli (Anaesthesiology), Amandeep Jaswal (Anaesthesiology), Sumitra Bachani (Obstetrics and Gynecology), Ajay Kumar (Pediatrics), Rohit Kumar (Pulmonary Medicine), Vidya Sagar Chaturvedi (Surgery), Vinod Chaitanya (Medicine).
Coronavirus disease 2019 and mechanical circulatory support devices: A comprehensive review
Authors: John Kevin , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Nayar Jemimah , Mehawej Jordy , Lal Amos
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause circulatory shock refractory to medical therapy. Such patients can be managed with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices like IABP, Impella, VA ECMO, and Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs). Moreover, patients on long-term durable LVADs are a special population having increased susceptibility and mortality to COVID-19 infection. In this narrative review, we searched PubMed and Medline for studies on COVID-19 patients on short-term MCS devices. We found 36 papers with 110 patients who met our review criteria, including 89 LVAD patients and 21 COVID-19 patients who needed MCS device therapy. These studies were used to extract patient demographics, clinical presentation, MCS device details, management, and outcomes. Mean age of patients with COVID-19 infection on LVADs was 60, 73% were male, and HeartMate 3 was the most common device (53%). Most patients (77.5%) needed hospitalization, and mortality was 23.6%. Among the 21 reported cases of critically ill COVID-19 patients who required MCS, the mean age was 49.8 years, 52% were women, and the most common MCS device used was VA ECMO (62%) in conjunction with an Impella for LV venting. Comorbidities were not present in 43%, but 71% had abnormal ventricular function on echocardiography. MCS is a viable option for managing severe COVID-19 infection with shock, with many reported cases of favorable outcomes.
To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tuberculosis case notification among public and private doctors practicing of modern medicine in South Delhi
Authors: V Vinay , Munjal Sushil Kumar , Jain Sandeep , Abdullah V Yasir , M Arunachalam , Iyer Srinath Shankar
Published: September 2022

In India, tuberculosis (TB) notification has been required since 2012. Notwithstanding, notification rates remain low. Non-reporting of tuberculosis cases not only results in an underestimation of cases, but also impedes the country's TB control strategy. Our research aims to assess practitioners' awareness, perception, and practice of tuberculosis case notification, as these factors can help reduce the TB burden. A cross-sectional study of 142 physicians was conducted between August 2018 and December 2019. Doctors were interviewed and given evaluation forms. Seventy-seven percent of the 142 physicians polled worked in medicine-related specialties, while 33% worked in surgery. Public sector physicians (64.7%) knew more about the Nikshay App than private practitioners (40.8%). The vast majority of public-sector doctors were only notified through their hospital's National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) center. However, the majority of private practitioners (47.8%) notified cases directly through the hospital, the local District Tuberculosis Officer (DTO) or NTEP medical officer (24 percent), or the Nikshay portal (28%), whereas the majority of public sector doctors notified only through the hospital NTEP center (85.9%). The primary reasons for non-notification are the high patient load on doctors, a lack of understanding about Nikshay App and its functionality, technological difficulties in using the Nikshay App, and the stigma associated with tuberculosis. The Nikshay App must be popularized as a notification mechanism through the NTEP program. To increase notification rates, practitioners must overcome the challenges they face. In terms of notification, more seminars and training, particularly hands-on training, should be held on a regular basis.
The similarity between Disease and Drug Network in Link Prediction
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Nouman Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, data records are being transferred entirely to digital platforms, and data have become embodied and measurable. In this study, to observe the relationship between disease and drug, we first constructed disease and drug networks. These networks consist of a disease diagnosis and drugs written by doctors. After the disease and drug networks were generated, a link prediction was done concerning similarity values between nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed method finds satisfactory results. By examining these constructions and connections it is feasible to achieve affinities, similitudes, and patterns and it is likewise conceivable to make it feasible to achieve.
An optimal multiplier theorem for Grushin operators in the plane, I
Authors: Dall’Ara Gian Maria , Martini Alessio
Published: September 2022

Let

\mathcal{L} = -\partial_x^2 - V(x) \partial_y^2

be the Grushin operator on

\mathbb{R}^2

with coefficient

V \colon \mathbb{R} \to [0,\infty)

. Under the sole assumptions that

V(-x) \simeq V(x) \simeq xV'(x)

and

x^2 |V''(x)| \lesssim V(x)

, we prove a spectral multiplier theorem of Mihlin–Hörmander type for

\mathcal{L}

, whose smoothness requirement is optimal and independent of

V

. The assumption on the second derivative

V''

can actually be weakened to a Hölder-type condition on

V'

. The proof hinges on the spectral analysis of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators, including universal estimates of eigenvalue gaps and matrix coefficients of the potential.
Ewolucyjna transformacja czasopisma. Część 9
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: September 2022

Naszkicowano dziewiąty etap rozwijania czasopisma „Studia Historiae Scientiarum” (wcześniejsza nazwa „Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU”).

Wyróżniono dwa podstawowe sposoby rozwijania czasopism naukowych: jako przedsięwzięcie czysto naukowe albo przedsięwzięcie czysto biznesowe – czasopismo „Studia Historiae Scientiarum” realizuje ten pierwszy model.

Podano m.in. informacje o ewaluacji czasopisma w „ICI Master Journal List 2020” (koniec 2021 r.), przez MEiN (1 grudnia / 21 grudnia 2021 r.), w Scopus (5 maja 2021 r.) oraz w SCImago Journal Rankings 2021 (oparty o dane z bazy Scopus z kwietnia 2022) oraz liczbie zagranicznych autorów i recenzentów bieżącego tomu czasopisma.

Od tomu 21(2022) czasopismo „Studia Historiae Scientiarum” wdrożyło dodatkowe rozwiązania organizacyjne: licencję CC BY dla tekstów artykułów (zachowując możliwość innych licencji dla ilustracji), usługę CrossMark oraz opcję wydawniczą, tzw. „Artykuły FirstView”.
Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej z 1881 roku jako przedmiot badań historyka języka polskiego
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

Wiek XIX należy do przełomowego w dziejach polskiej terminologii medycznej. Powstał wówczas, opublikowany w 1881 roku w wyniku licznych dyskusji, głównie środowiska lekarskiego, najważniejszy leksykon krakowski Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej. Chociaż jego terminologia reprezentuje szkołę krakowską, to wpływy innych polskich ośrodków naukowych są w nim również widoczne, ponieważ na ostatnim etapie przygotowań leksykonu krakowscy autorzy słownika konsultowali się z warszawskimi, poznańskimi i lwowskimi lekarzami. Materiał w tym przekładowym słowniku jest różnorodny i nierzadko przekracza granice ówczesnej medycyny. Jest bogatym źródłem dla historyka języka polskiego do badania nie tylko stanu polskiej terminologii medycznej w XIX stuleciu (np. liczebności, pochodzenia terminów), terminologii wówczas porządkowanej i uzupełnianej w sposób zorganizowany i świadomy, lecz także – charakterystycznych w niej zjawisk (np. synonimii i polisemii) na tle innych epok w dziejach polskiej terminologii medycznej. Celem artykułu jest nie tylko zrelacjonowanie stanu dotychczasowych badań historycznojęzykowych, lecz także wskazanie możliwości, jakie te badania dają kolejnym badaczom polszczyzny.
Początki chemii teoretycznej w Polsce – rola Profesora Kazimierza Gumińskiego
Authors: Petelenz Piotr
Published: September 2022

Artykuł osadza początek chemii teoretycznej w Polsce i życiorys jej twórcy, profesora Kazimierza Gumińskiego, w chronologii odkryć, które doprowadziły do powstania chemii kwantowej oraz w politycznej historii tamtych czasów, mianowicie drugiej wojny światowej i okresu stalinizmu. Te właśnie okoliczności zewnętrzne pośrednio doprowadziły do utworzenia, z dniem 1 września 1952, Katedry Chemii Teoretycznej na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim w Krakowie. Większość informacji tutaj zawartych pochodzi ze złożonego przez Gumińskiego sprawozdania z pierwszych 10 lat funkcjonowania tej katedry. Jest ono załączone jako aneks. Oryginalne a wysokie wymagania stawiane przez Gumińskiego swoim uczniom autor relacjonuje z własnego doświadczenia.
The Communist Way: a Look upon Soviet Archaeology in Occupied Latvia
Authors: Broka-Lāce Zenta
Published: September 2022

This article examines the history of archaeology in Latvia during the Soviet occupation (1940–1941; 1944–1991), trying to understand the consequences brought in the field of archaeology by the single-party led experiment of communism. The research is based on archival studies and uses the historical method, source criticism and historiography. Author explains the nature of the prescribed theoretical and methodological guidelines as well as actual implications of the ‘communist way’ in archaeology. The article challenges the common belief that archaeology and prehistory were ideologically freer than other branches of history during the Soviet era.
The First Institutional Encyclopaedia in Ukraine
Authors: Telvak Vitalii , Telvak Viktoria
Published: September 2022

The article discusses the first four volumes of the Encyclopaedia of Shevchenko Scientific Society. It traces the genesis of the idea of this publication in Ukrainian science of the 20th and early 21st century. The article also clarifies the concepts and methodological principles of the encyclopaedia and outlines its structure and content. We conclude that the Encyclopaedia … is a highly informative publication dedicated to one institution with a unique nature and scope.
Boris Hessen (1893‒1936), „Społeczne i ekonomiczne korzenie Principiów Newtona” i paradoksalna historia historiografii nauki
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: September 2022

Artykuł komentuje słynny referat Borisa Hessena „Społeczne i ekonomiczne korzenie Principiów Newtona” przedstawiony podczas II Międzynarodowego Kongresu Historii Nauki i Techniki w Londynie w 1931 r.
Komentarz ten czyniony jest w świetle rozważań z metodologii historiografii nauki, w tym autorskich idei hermeneutyki badawczej i hermeneutyki badawczej historiografii nauki, biografii Borisa Hessena, historii historiografii nauki, historii nauki oraz historii naukoznawstwa.
Artykuł syntetycznie przedstawia hermeneutykę badawczą Hessena i wskazuje jej zasadnicze wady.
Opisuje recepcję referatu Hessena na Zachodzie: zarówno szerzej znaną pozytywną recepcję (bernaliści i ich następcy, m.in. zwolennicy marksistowskich badań nauki i społecznej historii nauki), jak i o wiele mniej znaną negatywną recepcję (członkowie (Brytyjskiego) Towarzystwa na rzecz Wolności w Nauce, członkowie Harvardzkiej grupy J.B. Conanta Kształcenia Ogólnego z Zakresu Nauk Empirycznych).
Przedstawia także zmienne losy recepcji myśli Hessena w ZSSR i Rosji w latach 1930–2020.
Wskazuje również różne historiograficzne mity związane z „Borisem Hessenem”, w tym mit jakoby polskie naukoznawstwo powstało później lub w tym samym czasie co rosyjskie naukovedenie.

Ułomność hermeneutyki badawczej Hessena, z jednej strony, i recepcja jego poglądów na Zachodzie oraz w ZSSR i w Rosji od lat 30. XX wieku do lat 20. XXI wieku, w tym mity historiograficzne związane z Hessenem, z drugiej strony, pokazują jak paradoksalna może być historia historiografii nauki i dowodzą konieczności pielęgnowania zdolności krytycznego myślenia wśród badaczy interpretujących naukę (historyków nauki, filozofów nauki, socjologów wiedzy naukowej itp.).
Rethinking Research in the Chemical Industry: Organizational History of Centre de Recherches d’Aubervilliers (1953‒2020)
Authors: Krasnodębski Marcin
Published: September 2022

Solvay’s Centre de Recherches d’Aubervilliers (CRA) is one of the oldest active private-sector research centers in industrial chemistry in France. During the seventy years of its existence it collaborated with some of the most significant French and European chemical companies. Established in 1953, the center’s research and development organization around huge discipline-oriented laboratories proved itself remarkably resilient. Not merely reflecting the R&D policy of the company that owned it at a given moment, the evolution of the center’s research organization followed its own particular path. The research priorities in any given moment were always a place of encounter between top-down requirements of the company’s directorship, and bottom-up thematic trajectories. The CRA’s organizational history gives us unique insights into broader tendencies in chemical research in the second half of the 20th century, such as specialization of laboratories, introduction of market-driven research as well as decentralization and multiplication of hierarchies. The case study can be of interest to historians of science, due to the fact that the history of private research centers remains largely understudied, and to science policy scholars who want to understand the interconnectedness of factors that influence the organization of R&D structures in an institution.
Sprawozdanie z działalności Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2021/2022
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: September 2022

Omówiona została działalność Komisji Historii Nauki PAU w roku 2021/2022.
Przedstawiono: relację z wyborów Zarządu Komisji i członków Komisji kadencji 2021–2024; skład Zarządu i listę członków Komisji; spisy: posiedzeń naukowych, konferencji, sesji i seminariów naukowych oraz nowych publikacji.
Flow cytometry assessment of mitochondrial indices in CD4+T cells from peripheral blood
Authors: Korolevskaya Larisa B. , Saidakova Evgeniya V. , Shmagel Konstantin V.
Published: September 2022

Mitochondria play a key role in the vital functions of the cell, i.e., energy production, metabolism, respiration, generation of reactive oxygen species, cell division and death. Impairment of these mitochondrial functions is associated with emergence of various diseases. Their amounts and membrane potential are important indices of the mitochondrial condition. To assess these parameters, various fluorochrome-labeled probes are used, which are detectable by flow cytometry. The opportunity of using fluorescent mitochondrial dyes, together with labeled monoclonal antibodies, opens up new prospects for studying the metabolic parameters in various immune cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the mitochondrial state in CD4+T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. To search for the differences in mitochondrial indexes, a group of HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (n = 21) and healthy volunteers (n = 23) were compared. Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood were under the study. Using flow cytometry and commercial mitochondria-selective dyes MitoTracker Green and MitoTracker Orange, we determined, respectively, the mitochondrial mass and membrane charge in the total CD4+T lymphocyte pool, as well as in the naive and memory cell subsets. It has been shown that the mitochondrial mass and charge in naive CD4+T lymphocytes are lower than in memory cells, both in HIV-infected and uninfected subjects. Moreover, we have established that the HIV-infected patients have an increased mitochondrial mass in total CD4+T lymphocyte pool and in their memory cell subset, as compared with healthy donors. That increase, however, was not accompanied by the higher membrane charge. Thus, the analysis of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential using flow cytometry and MitoTracker Green/MitoTracker Orange dyes is relatively easy, fast, and informative for preliminary assessment of the mitochondrial state.
Plasma extracellular DNA and neutrophilic leukocyte activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gavrilova Elena D. , Demchenko Elena N. , Goiman Elena V. , Chumasova Oksana A. , Volskiy Nikolay N. , Sizikov Alexey E. , Kozlov Vladimir A.
Published: September 2022

Neutrophilic leukocytes play a key role for the joint damage in development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The specific death mode of these cells (netosis) may be an important reason of increase of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in peripheral blood of the RA patients. Of great interest would be studies of alleged relationships between the of blood cfDNA contents being able of playing the role of an auto-antigen participating in the initiation of autoimmune reactions, and indices of neutrophil activation in this immunopathological disorder. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of cfDNA in blood plasma of patients with RA depending on the clinical course of the disease, and to evaluate possible relationships between this index and activation of neutrophilic leukocytes. The study was conducted on 28 conditionally healthy donors and 63 patients with RA from the Rheumatology Department at the Clinic of Immunopathology (Novosibirsk). The level of cfDNA was determined using PicoGreen fluorescent dye. Neutrophils from the peripheral blood of donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis were isolated in a Ficoll-Urografin density gradient. Neutrophilic leukocytes accounted for more than 98% of the fraction of isolated cells, and their viability was 99%. A portion of freshly isolated neutrophils was stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. Concentration of myeloperoxidase in blood plasma of donors and patients with RA was determined using the Human MPO ELISA kit. It has been shown that the increased concentration of extracellular DNA in blood plasma of RA patients correlates with an higher degree of disease activity, and this parameter may serve as a relatively independent indicator of the disease intensity. A correlation was found between the level of cfDNA and common biochemical markers used to assess the activity of disease, i.e., DAS-28 and C-reactive protein levels in serum (p 0.05). Decrease of cfDNA concentrations is detected during treatment of the RA patients. This is due to the expected prognosis, i.e., a decreased manifestation of the disease, which also means correct administration of therapy. A relationship was found between the level of cfDNA and blood myeloperoxidase concentration in RA patients. The data obtained during the study suggest a possible connection between increased concentration of extracellular DNA, and activation of neutrophilic leukocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, with increased netosis in the affected joints.
First experience in usage of lipoaspirate-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in combined treatment of the patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zheltova Olga I. , Shevela Yekaterina Ya. , Meledina Ilona V. , Chernykh Elena R.
Published: September 2022

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a serious problem with respect to drug therapy. Certain promises are associated with development of stem cell-based technologies, in particular, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Over recent years, a significant interest was drawn to the usage of MSCs isolated from adipose tissue, which have a number of advantages over bone marrow MSCs. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and tolerability of transplantation of autologous MSCs derived from adipose tissue (lipoaspirate) when treating the patients with LC of different origin. The study group consisted of 12 patients (4 men and 8 women), aged 33 to 67 years. In six patients, development of LC was due to viral hepatitis; in other subjects it was caused by non-viral factors, including toxic effects (n = 3), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 2) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 1). The LC severity assessed by the Child-Pugh scale corresponded to class A (6 cases) or class B (6 patients). The MELD scores varied from 8 to 11. All patients were injected once with autologous MSCs (a mean of 12.94 106, 11.3 to 16.0 106) obtained by culturing the lipoaspirate cells for 14 days. Lipoaspiration and injection of MSCs were not accompanied by development of side effects, or serious adverse events. Analysis of clinical efficacy, carried out 6-12 months after therapy, made it possible to distinguish two subgroups: responders to the therapy (subgroup 1, n = 6) and non-responders (subgroup 2, n = 6). In subgroup 1, the MELD score was found to be decreased in 4 cases, and did not change in 2 patients. In contrast, the MELD score increased in the patients from subgroup 2. Both subgroups did not differ in etiology and severity of LC, or concomitant pathology (COVID-19). Positive dynamics in subgroup 1 was revealed for the signs of hepatocellular insufficiency (n = 1), cytolysis (n = 2) and cholestasis (n = 1). In two patients with MELD score stabilization, the scores reached the reference values. After MSC therapy, the majority of patients (8/12) underwent a new coronavirus infection, and the COVID incidence rate was similar in groups with or without response to MSC therapy (4 patients in each group). The results of the study suggest the safety of using MSCs isolated from the adipose tissue of patients with liver cirrhosis, and the perspectives of such approach in order to stabilize or improve liver function.
Distinct indexes of immunological reactivity in surgical alteration of ORL organs
Authors: Korkmazov Musos Yu. , Dubinets Irina D. , Lengina Maria A. , Korkmazov Arsen M. , Kornova Natalya V. , Ryabenko Yuliya I.
Published: September 2022

The data are provided on applications of optical radiation at various spectral ranges in the treatment of disorders of ORL organs. Some issues of pathophysiological and immune changes of nasal mucosa in response to surgical alteration are considered for the early postoperative period. In order to increase efficiency of postoperative rehabilitation in the patients subjected to rhinosurgical interventions, we have used low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation in combination with photochromotherapy in complex treatment schedules. Assessment of clinical and immunological effects of this treatment was performed as based on the study of clinical and functional pattern at the early stages of postoperative period and stabilization of the cytokine profile. In general, an opportunity of using optical radiation at different wavelength was confirmed, as shown by studies of physical characteristics of light irradiation, explaining the mechanisms of action on the damaged mucous membrane, to apply inflammatory response to surgical trauma and restore immunological abnormalities. The work was carried out in order to draw attention to the non-drug methods of early rehabilitation of persons subjected to rhinosurgical interventions.
Impairment of natural killer populations in the patients recovered from COVID-19
Authors: Dobrynina Maria A. , Zurochka Aleksandr V. , Komelkova M. V. , Luo Shanshan
Published: September 2022

To date, only minimal attention has been paid to assessment of immunity state in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on various systems in the body, including the immune system, may contribute to the development of disorders causing different diseases. At the same time, the patients suffering from the COVID-19 complications, including hospitalization and isolation from their family members, experience severe psychological and social stress. In almost every fourth case, these factors lead to development of the s.c. post-COVID syndrome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the numbers of NK cells, levels of cortisol and characteristics of immune system disorders in the patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
78 patients were examined 6 months after suffering COVID-19. We have assessed 25 parameters of the blood system (general blood test), 50 parameters of immune system, i.e., counts of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and their functional markers, NK, T-NK cell subsets, phagocytic components of immune system, as well as factors of humoral immunity, including total and specific immunoglobulins and complement fragments.
Our studies showed a sharp, three-fold decrease in the number of natural killers in more than 1/3 of the examined individuals. This decrease is accompanied by higher relative contents of T lymphocytes and T helper cells. The latter finding may be associated with a compensatory increase in T lymphocytes and dysregulation of the T cell link of immune system, thus requiring a more detailed study and, most likely, evaluation of the cytokine profile in such patients. Moreover, in some post-COVID patients, high levels of cortisol still persist, thus suggesting maintenance of chronic stress in these patients. Some changes in platelet counts are also important (increased levels of blood platelets and thrombocytocrit), which may promote later disorders of blood clotting system and development of thrombosis.
Characteristics of the surface sediments surounding Ly Son island and related mineral potentials
Authors: Phan Binh Van , Trinh Tinh Nguyen , Le Thang Anh , Tran Hai Thanh , Ngo Chi Kim Thi , Nguyen Hiep Huu , Bui Hien Thu ,   Faculty of Geosciences and Geology Engineering, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  Northern Center for Planing and Investigation of Marine Resources - Environment, Vietnam
Published: September 2022

The marine area surrounding Ly Son island, of Quang Ngai province demonstrates steep and complex sea - floor morphology due to the presence of submarine coral reefs developed above the Ly Son paleo - volcano. The data of grain - size and mineral compositon analysis show that surface sediments of the Ly Son island are subdivided into 09 different sediment groups: muddy sandy gravel, sand, gravelly sand, gravel mixed sand and gravelly muddy sand, gravelly mud mixed sand, muddy sand, silty sand, gravelly mud, whose major composition is dominated by quartz (15.0÷71.0%), shelf fragments (27.0÷81.0%), minor lithic fragments and feldspar. This indicates that surface sediments can come from multi - origins in this studied area. The distribution of those sedimentary groups is relatively complex. The northern region mainly contains coarser grained sediments (i.e., sanddy gravel, sand, etc.), while the southern region hightly apears finer grained sediments (i.e., mud and silt). The coarser grained sediments such as muddy sandy gravel and gravelly sand, which are mainly coral fragment and often concentrated in the steep terrain around the emerged islands, while finer grained sediments more like sand, silty sand, etc. mostly deposited inside the submarine incised channels and slopes. The data from heavy mineral analysis show that the main valuable placer are ilmenite, zircon, etc. but their grades are very low and hence little economic prospect (ilmenite accounts for 23.57÷23.83 g/m3; zircon accounts for 0.33÷4.53 g/m3); Minerals used as construction materials are concentrated mainly in coarse - grained sedimentary fields (sand, gravelly sand and gravel mixed sand) with economic potential to serve construction needs on Ly Son island.
Research on the application of artificial intelligence tools to diagnose common failure of centrifugal pumps applied to gas condensate transportation system at Hai Thach - Moc Tinh field
Authors: Nguyen Thinh Van , Trieu Truong Hung , Tran Hai Thanh , Ngo Hai Huu , Tran Trung Ngoc ,   Faculty of Oil and Gas, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Vietnam  Russia - Vietnam Joint Venture - Viesovpetro, Vietnam  Biendong Petroleum Operating Company, Vietnam
Published: September 2022

Mechanical equipments such as pumps, air compressors, etc. play an important role in the production, processing and transporting oil and gas since every single equipment, serves different functions. For oil and gas transportation system, pump is an essential mechanical device used to pump and transport the product. In order to promote technical features as well as high working efficiency, it is important to ensure that these devices always work the most efficiently in the best technical conditions. The application of modern scientific and technical advances to the maintenance and operation of mechanical equipment in general and pumps in particular will help to reduce the risks and bring economic benefits to the operators. This paper, therefore, presents results of the research on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing common failure of Condensate pums at Hai Thach - Moc Tinh field basing on analysis of field data which help to improve the efficiency of gas condensate transportation. The results helped to predict and warn early the possible failures to the Condensate pums at Hai Thach - Moc Tinh field. Results of the research can be applied to other equipment devices working in the same conditions during oil and gas production process in Vietnam.
Improvement of Low-Light Images without Loss of Naturalness based on the Retinex Theory
Authors: Shaheen Naazaan , Singh Yogendra
Published: September 2022

In modern era, images enhancement is paying very significant role in image analysis and synthesis. We have used the Retinex theory to remove the dark from the first image help improve the clarity of dim or hazy photos. After that, the picture haze must be eliminated, first inverted the image and applied the optimized de-haze on it. By image fusion of both the obtained images through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a better-quality image was obtained from what we can see in the simulations, things have definitely gotten better.
THE EXPERIENCE OF PERENNIAL GROWING UP OF FINGERLINGS OF NOBLE CRAYFISH ASTACUS ASTACUS FOR AQUACULTURE NEEDS
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Golubev Alexander P. , Alekhnovich Anatoly V. ,   Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Bioresources, Bodilovskaya Olga A. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Ulashchyk Ekaterina A. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Gopinathan Anilkumar ,   Vellore Institute of Technology
Published: September 2022

The method of accelerated artificial rearing in aquaculture of Astacus astacus fingerlings in climatic conditions of Belarus has been elaborated. Initially, newborn A. astacus larvae were reared from early July to early October (summer period) in open-air trays at temperatures 12-25 °C. In successive winter period (early October - early April) grown up individuals were reared in aquaria in a heated room at temperatures 18-20 °C. The average weight of specimen at the end of summer period decreased from 392 to 265 mg with the increase of final stocking density from 6 to 54 ind/m-2. The average weight of individuals at the end of winter rearing changed irregularly from 688 mg to 939 mg within the final density gradient 58-122 ind/m-2. It is close to similar data for juveniles in natural reservoirs at the end of the first and second summer of their life. The equation between geometric mean (N, ind/m-2) of density on the whole period of rearing and average body weight (W, mg) for individuals aged 3.5-4 months calculated from the results of present investigations and the relevant literature data as follows: W = 424-1034gN. A similar equation for individuals aged 9-10 months after winter rearing is follows: W= 1376-278-lgN. These equations provide an alternative in aquaculture strategy to produce more juveniles with lower body weight or fewer larger ones. Generally, the introduction of 9-month-old A. astacus into ponds makes it possible to obtain specimens of marketable weight (~10 g) in Belarus at the age of two years, or one-two years earlier than those in natural reservoirs. The maximal initial density (No) of rearing in aquaculture of newborn larvae A. astacus and specimen at the age Nu 3-4 months can be calculated according to the equation: No= -7^, where Nlim is the density of individuals at the end of period of rearing calculated from the above equations at which their weight will correspond to those for individuals in natural reservoirs at the end of their first or second summer of their life; S - survival of individuals in aquaculture expressed in fraction of unity. According to this equation, No for the first and second age groups are 423 and 33 ind/m-2 respectively.