bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON TRADE UNIONISM IN INDIA: UNVEILING REALITIES, CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Ganapathy Venkatesh
Published: January 2024

Trade unions were initially established to foster amicable relations between workers and management, safeguarding employees from exploitation. Globalization and subsequent development of hiring of contract labour have contributed to the decline of trade unionism and its influence. IR experts opine that other factors like dominance of select union leaders, pervasive politicization of unions and government apathy have also contributed to this turn of events. The first research question delves into the distinct elements that have led to this decline. The study aims to explore the intricate impact of globalization, with a specific focus on the outsourcing trend and the prevalent preference for contractual agreements with workers.The second research question specifically addresses how these global phenomena have influenced and altered the operational dynamics of trade unions in the Indian context. By explicitly addressing these research questions, the study aims to contribute valuable insights into the evolving landscape of trade unionism in the face of both domestic and global influences, offering a nuanced understanding of the challenges and transformations experienced by trade unions in India.
Evaluation of the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and disability due to low back pain, fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with chronic low back pain
Authors: Şan Aslı , Vergili Özge
Published: January 2024

Aims: It has been suggested that the incidence of low back pain is higher in individuals with respiratory disorders compared to healthy individuals. In this study, it was aimed to calculate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and low back pain-related disability, fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with chronic low back pain.
Methods: The study included 36 individuals (21F, 15M, 46.61±10.19) aged 18-65 years with low back pain. Respiratory muscle strength was measured with Pocket-Spiro MPM100 device. Disability due to low back pain was assessed by Oswestry Function Questionnaire and fatigue was assessed by fatigue severity scale. For cardiorespiratory fitness, a 6-minute walk test was performed.
Results: No significant correlation was found between maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) values and disability status due to low back pain and fatigue (p>0.05). There was a significant, positive and
moderate correlation between MIP and MEP values and 6 minute walk test (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The number of studies in the literature investigating the relationship between low back pain and respiration
is limited and no general consensus has been reached. The generally accepted view is that inadequate functioning of the
diaphragm may lead to impaired intra-abdominal pressure modulation, which may reduce spinal stabilisation and increase
low back pain. However, no data confirming a direct relationship between respiratory muscle strength and low back pain were found in this study. More comprehensive studies are needed in this field.
The Relations between Digitalization, Service Innovation and Service Value Creation Capability: A Model Adaption in the Service Industry
Authors: MOĞOL SEVER Mune
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of service innovation and service value creation capability on the digitalization process on a firm scale.

Methodology: The 1-7-point Likert-type measurement scale was administered to tourism enterprise managers and operational staff. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) modeling was used to analyze the relationships among the following constructs: service innovation capability, service value creation capability, and effect on digitalization. Three types of service facilities were considered: Hospitality, Food & Beverage (F&B), and health care. Descriptive analysis and model structure were analyzed on SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 3.0 respectively.

Findings: The relationship between service value creation capability and digitalization service innovation capability and service value creation capability, and service value creation capability and digitalization is supported, as all other constructed hypotheses respectively.

Originality: This study is one of a limited number of studies that have empirically addressed service innovation capability and value creation capability relations with digitalization in firms’ operational processes. Additional attempt is required to integrate all functions of the enterprise with in organizational perspective. The main contributions of this paper lie in proposing empirical research that supports service innovation capability, service value creation capability, and digitalization in the case of tourism enterprises.
Antecedents of Bottom-Up Operations Strategy Formation
Authors: MERCİKOGLU Cem , HUCHZERMEIER Arnd , ÖZCAN Serden
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This paper’s purpose is to deepen our understanding of what drives bottom-up operations strategy formation – that is, continuous improvement activities at the front line – with a particular focus on operations strategy understanding. That way, it aims to contribute to the awareness of management quality in manufacturing – a cornerstone of national competitiveness.

Methodology: We examine the antecedents of individual Kaizen generation by frontline employees, drawing on the well-established Motivation-Opportunity-Ability framework and focusing on the dimension of ability – that is, understanding operations strategy. Survey data on 217 frontline employees, working in 17 teams on 11 different production lines, were “triangulated” with their team leader assessments and the plant’s archival records. We tested the hypothesized relationships via analyses that incorporate both structural equation modeling and multiple regression techniques.

Findings: Our results suggest that employees typically overestimate their understanding of the plant’s operations strategy and that productivity is driven more by an objective than a subjective understanding of that strategy. We also find that incremental innovation is facilitated by supervisor support, employee engagement, and an employee suggestion scheme; in contrast, neither autonomy nor selected control variables (e.g., age or seniority) has a significant effect.

Originality: Our findings and the unique metrics we developed for better management of strategy understanding should help managers increase the productivity of their operations and thus the competitiveness of their respective firms.
Manajemen Krisis Public Relation dalam Menanggapi Kekerasan Sosial dan Meningkatkan Harmoni dengan Masyarakat
Authors: Nuraenun Nuraenun
Published: January 2024

Terjadinya tindakan pengerusakan dan anarkis di Ponpes Assunah Lombok menyebabkan beberapa fasilitas yang terdapat di Ponpes mengalami kerusakan, dan beberapa kendaraan yang terparkir di lokasi tersebut juga menjadi sasaran pembakaran. Tujuan Penelitian ini  untuk mengeksplorasi strategi manajemen krisis yang diterapkan oleh Pondok Pesantren Assunah Lombok  yaitu dengan menggunakan teori Pemulihan Citra (Image Restoration) oleh William L Benoit. Pendekatan penelitian yang diterapkan adalah konstruktivisme dengan metode kualitatif dan studi kasus partikularistik, difokuskan pada peristiwa, situasi, fenomena, dan program khusus di Pondok Pesantren Assunah Lombok  dalam menanggapi aksi kekerasan dan demo masyarakat, buntut dari menyebarnya potongan video yang mendiskreditkan sejumlah makam leluhur di Lombok serta pertumbuhan pesat pondok pesantren tersebut pasca insiden. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan Key Informan di dalam Pondok Pesantren Assunah bagik Nyaka Lombok Timur dan Informan lain yang dapat dipercaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya Public Relations Pondok Pesantren Assunah Lombok berhasil meyakinkan masyarakat dengan jalan persuasif dan aksi anarkis diserahkan sepenuhnya kepada pihak yang berwajib
Peran Camat dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Melalui Program UMKM
Authors: Hafizah Pradillah , Isabella Isabella , Amaliatulwalidain Amaliatulwalidain
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran camat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan perekonomian masyarakat melalui program usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di kecamatan sako kota Palembang. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif, dimana menurut proses, penelitian kualitatif melibatkan upaya-upaya penting diantaranya, mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan, prosedur-prosedur, mengumpulkan data spesifik dari informan. Upaya tersebut dilakukan peneliti pada wilayah Kecamatan Sako Kota Palembang untuk melihat bagaimana peran Camat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan perekonomian masyarakat melalui program usaha mikro kecil dan menengah menggunakan teori Transformasional oleh Bernard M. Bass, yaitu 1) Idealized Influence (Pengaruh Idealis), 2) Inspirational Motivation (Motivasi yang memberi informasi), 3) Intellectual Stimulation (Stimulasi Intelektual) dan 4) Individualized Consideration (Pertimbangan Individu). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran camat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan perekonomian masyarakat melalui program UMKM ini sudah cukup baik dengan berbagai upaya yang dilakukan, walaupun upaya-upaya tersebut tidak sepenuhnya berjalan dengan optimal.
Simulation-based Analysis of 20 kW PV System
Authors: Rehman Atta Ur , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, due to rising environmental degradation and declining use of traditional energy sources. Renewable energy sources were the finest alternative and solution because it is currently necessary to produce energy from sources that are environmentally friendly and don't deplete. Among them, the wind and sun are well-known energy sources. However, solar is the finest option because of its advantages over other sources, such as its enriching energy source and abundance. This research focuses on standalone PV systems that employ batteries as a backup power source. To overcome this unpredictability and make the system linear for this purpose, we used nickel metal hydride batteries. As we know, the PV system is extremely reliant on the outside environment and climate, thus it can provide less electricity during the night or in cold weather. It is the greatest since it is widely available, inexpensive, and used in air and solar power systems as well as high-powered appliances. For managing a standalone PV system, the Simulink model is crucial. Batteries and a PV system that correspond to one another are employed. To get the most power out of the solar panel under the circumstances, algorithms like MPPT are applied. MPPT also regulates the current supplied to the battery. By boosting the PV panel's duty cycle, a boost converter is utilized to raise the level of DC voltage it produces. To run the single-phase appliances, a suitable AC output with an equivalent frequency and amplitude is provided by an inverter.  The model was created using MATLAB and Simulink, and the results demonstrate that it achieves the goals of a PV standalone system.
LITERASI PANCASILA KAUM SARUNGAN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN CIVIL SOCIETY
Authors: MAHMUD MAHMUD
Published: January 2024

Pancasila literacy is a critical understanding of the Indonesian nation based on Pancasila values which are reflected in various forms of mindsets, perspectives, and behaviors. The development of an Indonesian society is based on the spirit of the essence of Pancasila values as a common ideal in order to realize a prosperous, harmonious, mutually respectful (tolerance), just, and peaceful life order. The role of the sarungan through the journey of educational rituals in Islamic boarding schools in the process of transforming nation building is reflected in filling the pages of the nation's history, both political, economic, educational and socio-cultural aspects. The purpose of this paper study is expected to provide an understanding of the Pancasila literacy of the sarungan in realizing civil society. This study uses library research in collecting research data which is then analyzed using technical content analysis. The results of the study illustrate that the ability of the sarungan in realizing civil society is obtained through educational rituals in pesantren to produce sarungan people with charity, and does not rule out the cultivation of national values, namely the values of Pancasila.
ABSTRAKLiterasi Pancasila merupakan pemahaman kritis bangsa Indonesia berlandaskan nilai-nilai Pancasila yang tercermin dalam berbagai bentuk pola pikir, perspektif, dan perilaku. Pembangunan masyarakat berkeindonesiaan berlandaskan semangat intisari nilai-nilai Pancasila sebagai cita-cita bersama demi mewujudkan sebuah tatanan kehidupan yang sejahtera, rukun, saling menghargai (toleransi), adil, dan damai. Peran kaum sarungan melalui perjalanan ritual pendidikan di pondok pesantren dalam proses transformasi pembangunan bangsa tercermin dalam mengisi lembaran sejarah bangsa, baik aspek politik, ekonomi, pendidikan maupun sosial budaya. Tujuan kajian tulisan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman tentang literasi Pancasila kaum sarungan dalam mewujudkan civil society. Kajian ini menggunakan método riset kepustakaan (library research) dalam menghimpun data-data penelitian yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknis analisis konten. Hasil telaah menggambarkan bahwa kemampuan kaum sarungan dalam mewujudkan civil society diperoleh melalui ritual pendidikan di pesantren untuk mencetak kaum sarungan yang berakhlakul karimah, dan tidak mengesampingkan penanaman nilai-nilai kebangsaan yakni nilai-nilai Pancasila.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E EFETIVIDADE DA EXECUÇÃO FISCAL
Authors: Souza Júnior José Ildo de
Published: January 2024

As execuções fiscais são o grande gargalo do sobrecarregado Judiciário brasileiro, tornando desejável – necessária, na verdade – uma busca constante de instrumentos inovadores capazes de proporcionar maior efetividade a processos dessa natureza. Estamos num momento em que, cada vez mais, novas tecnologias vêm transformando o modo como vivemos, nos relacionamos e trabalhamos. Diante da crescente implementação de tecnologias no direito processual, a inteligência artificial vem se destacando pela capacidade de desempenhar atividades variadas, desde as meramente rotineiras e mecanizadas até as mais complexas e tipicamente intelectuais. Este artigo tem por finalidade investigar se a inteligência artificial pode proporcionar maior efetividade às execuções fiscais e, em caso positivo, de que modo essa ferramenta pode ser aplicada, considerando possíveis benefícios e riscos. O método dedutivo é empregado, com exposição descritiva e suporte bibliográfico.
PRISOTNOST DEPRESIJE V IZBRANIH KRITIČNIH
POKLICIH V OBDOBJU PANDEMIJE V SLOVENIJI:
PRIMER ZDRAVSTVENEGA OSEBJA, PRIPADNIKOV
IN PRIPADNIC SLOVENSKE VOJSKE TER POLICISTOV
IN POLICISTK
Authors: Selan Žiga , Vuga Beršnak Janja
Published: January 2024

Pandemija, ki jo je povzročil virus SARSCoV-2, Sloveniji ni prizanesla, nasprotno, terjala je dolgotrajen in izčrpavajoč odziv zaposlenih v nekaterih kritičnih poklicih. Ti so bili v obdobju pandemije, upoštevajoč omejitve in potrebe po povečanem obsegu dela, izpostavljeni vrsti dejavnikov, ki so zaznamovali njihovo zdravstveno počutje in splošno dobrobit. V članku predstavljamo – s pomočjo kvantitativnega merskega instrumenta pridobljene – samoocene zaposlenih v kritičnih poklicih (zdravstveno osebje, policisti/-ke, pripadniki/-ice Slovenske vojske) glede njihovega občutenja stresa, obremenitev in depresije, in sicer v izbranem obdobju pandemije, t.j. med marcem 2020 in junijem 2022. Raziskava pokaže, da je 30% anketirancev/-k v kritičnih poklicih občutilo depresijo. Nadalje, rezultati kažejo povezanost med depresijo in dejavniki pandemije (r = .567, p = < 0.01) pri vseh preučevanih poklicih. Ključni pojmi: kritični poklici, pandemija, depresija, stres, dobrobit
INFORMING CLIMATE MITIGATION POLICIES:
A SCOPING STUDY BASED ON 64 ARTICLES USING THE
2016 EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY ROTATING MODULE
Authors: Malnar Brina
Published: January 2024

The article presents a meta-analysis of academic articles using the European Social Survey Climate Change module. It summarises the key individual and country-level factors that shape climate beliefs, behaviours, and policy support, aiming to mitigate the problem of the fragmentation of findings when informing policymakers. The results, depicted in a heuristic model, underscore the significance of awareness, trust, and socio-political contexts, illustrating the intricate interplay of climate change beliefs, emotional engagement and policy preferences. By consolidating the scattered research through a meta-analytical approach, the study efficiently identifies key obstacles encountered by European decision-makers while implementing climate mitigation measures and policies. Keywords: climate change, climate action, climate policy, European social survey
INTERDISCIPLINARNE TEMATSKE ZBIRKE
PODATKOV KOT PLATFORMA POVEZOVANJA
RAZISKOVALCEV: PRIMER RAZISKAV O OKOLJU
V SLOVENIJI
Authors: Bezjak Sonja , Štebe Janez
Published: January 2024

Podatki o okolju so lahko pomemben gradnik v napredovanju spoznanj za reševanje izzivov in iskanju odgovorov na vprašanja, s katerimi se srečujemo v začetku 21. stoletja. Pričujoči članek je razmislek o tem, kako konceptualizirati zbirko podatkov o okolju in kaj vanjo vključiti, da bo k sodelovanju pritegnila različne akterje in prispevala k oblikovanju široke skupnosti zainteresiranih. V podatkovno intenzivni dobi arhivi podatkov predstavljajo platformo povezovanja producentov podatkov in uporabnikov podatkov, raziskovalcev, raziskovalnih infrastruktur, javnih služb, občanskih znanstvenikov in drugih. Dostopni in pregledni podatki ter druge s podatki povezane storitve prispevajo k interdisciplinarnemu sodelovanju in uresničevanju vključujoče odprte znanosti. Ključni pojmi: podnebne spremembe, okolje, podatkovni arhivi, raziskovalni podatki, občanska znanost, družboslovni koncepti
Aerosol-related effects on the occurrence of heterogeneous ice formation over Lauder, New Zealand ∕ Aotearoa
Authors: Hofer Julian , Seifert Patric , Liley J. Ben , Radenz Martin , Uchino Osamu , Morino Isamu , Sakai Tetsu , Nagai Tomohiro , Ansmann Albert
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The presented study investigates the efficiency of heterogeneous ice formation in natural clouds over Lauder, New Zealand / Aotearoa. Aerosol conditions in the middle troposphere above Lauder are subject to huge contrasts. Clean, pristine air masses from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean arrive under southerly flow conditions, while high aerosol loads can occur when air masses are advected from nearby Australia. This study assesses how these contrasts in aerosol load affect the ice formation efficiency in stratiform midlevel clouds in the heterogeneous freezing range (−40 to 0 ∘C). For this purpose, an 11-year dataset was analyzed from a dual-wavelength polarization lidar system operated by National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Taihoro Nukurangi, at Lauder in collaboration with the National Institute for Environmental Studies in Japan and the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency. These data were used to investigate the efficiency of heterogeneous ice formation in clouds over the site as a function of cloud-top temperature as in previous studies at other locations. The Lauder cloud dataset was put into context with lidar studies from contrasting regions such as Germany and southern Chile. The ice formation efficiency found at Lauder is lower than in polluted midlatitudes (i.e., Germany) but higher than, for example, in southern Chile. Both Lauder and southern Chile are subject to generally low free-tropospheric aerosol loads, which suggests that the low ice formation efficiency at these two sites is related to low ice-nucleating-particle (INP) concentrations. However, Lauder sees episodes of continental aerosol, more than southern Chile does, which seems to lead to the moderately increased ice formation efficiency. Trajectory-based tools and aerosol model reanalyses are used to relate this cloud dataset to the aerosol load and the air mass sources. Both analyses point clearly to higher ice formation efficiency for clouds which are more strongly influenced by continental aerosol and to lower ice formation efficiency for clouds which are more influenced by Antarctic/marine aerosol and air masses.
Development of a continuous UAV-mounted air sampler and application to the quantification of CO2 and CH4 emissions from a major coking plant
Authors: Han Tianran , Xie Conghui , Liu Yayong , Yang Yanrong , Zhang Yuheng , Huang Yufei , Gao Xiangyu , Zhang Xiaohua , Bao Fangmin , Li Shao-Meng
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The development in uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies over the past decade has led to a plethora of platforms that can potentially enable greenhouse gas emission quantification. Here, we report the development of a new air sampler, consisting of a pumped stainless coiled tube of 150 m in length with controlled time stamping, and its deployment from an industrial UAV to quantify CO2 and CH4 emissions from the main coking plant stacks of a major steel maker in eastern China. Laboratory tests show that the time series of CO2 and CH4 measured using the sampling system is smoothed when compared to online measurement by the cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) analyzer. Further analyses show that the smoothing is akin to a convolution of the true time series signals with a heavy-tailed digital filter. For field testing, the air sampler was mounted on the UAV and flown in virtual boxes around two stacks in the coking plant of the Shagang Group (steel producer). Mixing ratios of CO2 and CH4 in air and meteorological parameters were measured from the UAV during the test flight. A mass-balance computational algorithm was used on the data to estimate the CO2 and CH4 emission rates from the stacks. Using this algorithm, the emission rates for the two stacks from the coking plant were calculated to be 0.12±0.014 t h−1 for CH4 and 110±18 t h−1 for CO2, the latter being in excellent agreement with material-balance-based estimates. A Gaussian plume inversion approach was also used to derive the emission rates, and the results were compared with those derived using the mass-balance algorithm, showing a good agreement between the two methods.
Uptake behavior of polycyclic aromatic compounds during field calibrations of the XAD-based passive air sampler across seasons and locations
Authors: Li Yuening , Zhan Faqiang , Su Yushan , Lei Ying Duan , Shunthirasingham Chubashini , Zhou Zilin , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Hung Hayley , Wania Frank
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) continue to demand attention due to their widespread presence and well-established health implications. Given that incomplete combustion is a major contributor to PACs and inhalation constitutes a crucial human exposure pathway, a comprehensive understanding of the concentrations, spatial distributions, and fates of a broad range of PACs in the atmosphere is important. Passive air samplers (PASs) are a commonly utilized technique for PAC sampling and monitoring. In this study, we present the results from two 1-year calibration experiments, one starting in summer and the other in winter, using a passive air sampler equipped with XAD resin as the sorbent (XAD-PAS). Throughout both experiments, PACs were consistently sorbed during the initial 6-month period. However, the sorbed amounts for many PACs exhibited a decrease after half a year of deployment. Three hypotheses to explain this phenomenon were explored, including the uptake of atmospheric particles, evaporation from the sorbent, and reactions with photo-oxidants. All had to be rejected based on the obtained data, additional laboratory experiments, and model results. Model simulations were further used to (i) confirm that a loss process must be invoked to explain the observed uptake behavior and (ii) estimate the kinetics of that loss process for different PACs. Sampling rates (SRs) for 28 PACs derived from the linearized uptake curves during the first 6 months of deployment were comparable to those of other semi-volatile organic compounds obtained during the same calibration experiment, and they also demonstrate a consistent negative correlation with volatility.
Comparison of scanning aerosol LIDAR and in-situ measurements of aerosol physical properties and boundary layer heights
Authors: Zhang Hengheng , Rolf Christian , Tillmann Ralf , Wesolek Christian , Wienhold Frank Gunther , Leisner Thomas , Saathoff Harald
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The spatial-temporal distribution of aerosol particles in the atmosphere has a great impact on radiative transfer, clouds, and air quality. Modern remote sensing methods as well as airborne in-situ measurements by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or balloons are suitable tools to improve our understanding of the role of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. To validate the measurement capabilities of three relatively new measurement systems and to bridge the gaps that are often encountered between remote sensing and in-situ observation as well as to investigate aerosol particles in and above the boundary layer, we conducted two measurement campaigns and collected a comprehensive dataset employing a scanning aerosol LIDAR, a balloon-borne radiosonde with the Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector (COBALD), an optical particle counter (OPC) on a UAV, as well as a comprehensive set of ground-based instruments. The extinction coefficients calculated from near-ground-level aerosol size distributions measured in-situ are well correlated with those retrieved from LIDAR measurements with a slope of 1.037 ± 0.015 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.878, respectively. Vertical profiles measured by an OPC-N3 on a UAV show similar vertical particle distributions and boundary layer heights as LIDAR measurements. However, the sensor, OPC-N3, shows a larger variability in aerosol backscatter coefficient measurements with a Pearson correlation coefficient of only 0.241. In contrast, the COBALD data from a balloon flight are well correlated with LIDAR-derived backscatter data from the near ground level up to the stratosphere with a slope of 1.063 ±  0.016 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.925, respectively. This consistency between LIDAR and COBALD data reflects a good data quality of both methods and proves that LIDAR can provide reliable and spatial distributions of aerosol particles with high spatial and temporal resolutions. This study shows that the scanning LIDAR has the capability to retrieve backscatter coefficients near ground level (from 25 m to 50 m above ground level) when it conducts horizontal measurement which isn't possible for vertically pointing LIDAR. These near-ground-level retrievals compare well with ground-level in-situ measurements. In addition, in-situ measurements on the balloon and UAV validated scanning LIDAR retrievals within and above the boundary layer. The scanning aerosol LIDAR allows us to measure aerosol particle distributions and profiles from the ground level to the stratosphere with an accuracy equal or better than in-situ measurements and with a similar spatial resolution.
Microclimate mapping using novel radiative transfer modelling
Authors: Zellweger Florian , Sulmoni Eric , Malle Johanna T. , Baltensweiler Andri , Jonas Tobias , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Ginzler Christian , Karger Dirk Nikolaus , De Frenne Pieter , Frey David , Webster Clare
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Climate data matching the scales at which organisms experience climatic conditions are often missing. Yet, such data on microclimatic conditions are required to better understand climate change impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Here we combine a network of microclimate temperature measurements across different habitats and vertical heights with a novel radiative transfer model to map daily temperatures during the vegetation period at 10 m spatial resolution across Switzerland. Our results reveal strong horizontal and vertical variability in microclimate temperature, particularly for maximum temperatures at 5 cm above the ground and within the topsoil. Compared to macroclimate conditions as measured by weather stations outside forests, diurnal air and topsoil temperature ranges inside forests were reduced by up to 3.0 and 7.8 ∘C, respectively, while below trees outside forests, e.g. in hedges and below solitary trees, this buffering effect was 1.8 and 7.2 ∘C, respectively. We also found that, in open grasslands, maximum temperatures at 5 cm above ground are, on average, 3.4 ∘C warmer than those of the macroclimate, suggesting that, in such habitats, heat exposure close to the ground is often underestimated when using macroclimatic data. Spatial interpolation was achieved by using a hybrid approach based on linear mixed-effect models with input from detailed radiation estimates from radiative transfer models that account for topographic and vegetation shading, as well as other predictor variables related to the macroclimate, topography, and vegetation height. After accounting for macroclimate effects, microclimate patterns were primarily driven by radiation, with particularly strong effects on maximum temperatures. Results from spatial block cross-validation revealed predictive accuracies as measured by root mean squared errors ranging from 1.18 to 3.43 ∘C, with minimum temperatures being predicted more accurately overall than maximum temperatures. The microclimate-mapping methodology presented here enables a biologically relevant perspective when analysing climate–species interactions, which is expected to lead to a better understanding of biotic and ecosystem responses to climate and land use change.
Basic chemical compositions combination rules and quantitative criterion of red beds
Authors: Cui Guangjun , Liao Jin , Kong Linghua , Zhou Cuiying , Liu Zhen , Yu Lei , Zhang Lihai
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Red beds belong to slippery formations, and their rapid identification is of great significance for major scientific and engineering issues such as geological hazard risk assessment and rapid response. Existing research often identifies red beds from a qualitative or semi quantitative perspective, resulting in slow recognition speed and inaccurate recognition results, making it difficult to quickly handle landslide geological disasters. Combined with the correlation between red beds geomorphic characteristics, mineral compositions, and chemical compositions, this study established a rapid quantitative identification criterion based on the basic chemical compositions combination rules in the red beds. By collecting chemical compositions data of rocks containing red beds, a total of 241,405 groups data were collected for qualitative and quantitative comparison between multiple sets of chemical composition combinations. The results indicate that simultaneously meeting the following chemical composition combinations can serve as a quantitative criterion for distinguishing red beds from other rocks: SiO2+Al2O3 ≈ 50.7 %~85.0 %, Al2O3/SiO2 ≈ 0.14~0.41, FeO+Fe2O3 ≈ 0.9 %~7.9 %, Fe2O3/FeO ≈ 1.52~7.70, K2O+Na2O ≈ 1.6 %~6.8 %, Na2O/K2O ≈ 0.02~0.43, CaO+MgO ≈ 0.8 %~9.2 %. By comparing the chemical composition combinations of 15 kinds of rocks collected from China in this study, it is proven that the quantitative criterion proposed in this study are effective.
Unravelling Disparities in Eulerian and Lagrangian Moisture Tracking Models in Monsoon- and Westerlies-dominated Basins Around the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Chenghao , Tang Qiuhong , Yao Shibo , Sun Bo , Peng Hui , Xiao Shangbin
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Beyond traditional meteorological and (paleo)climatological analyses, numerical moisture tracking provides a quantitative diagnosis of moisture sources to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). While existing studies predominantly employ either the Eulerian or Lagrangian method, the potential differences in their simulations and the underlying causes of these discrepancies remain unexplored. In this study, we compare the applications of the most widely used Eulerian (WAM-2layers) and Lagrangian (FLEXPART-WaterSip) models in the TP, specifically in an Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM)-dominated basin (Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, YB) and a westerlies-dominated basin (upper Tarim River Basin, UTB). Compared to FLEXPART-WaterSip, WAM-2layers generally estimates higher moisture contributions from westerlies-dominated and distant source regions but lower contributions from local recycling. However, WAM-2layers simulations can be improved by using higher spatial-temporal resolution forcing data. The inherent ability in WAM-2layers to distinguish between evaporation and precipitation makes it more effectively in identifying varying moisture contributions arising from distinct surface evaporation sources. In contrast, in regions heavily influenced by smaller-scale convective systems with high spatial heterogeneity, such as the UTB when compared to the YB, simulations from FLEXPART-WaterSip tend to be more reliable. However, FLEXPART-WaterSip is prone to introducing additional errors when using specific humidity information in particles to infer moisture uptake and loss, although it accurately depicts the three-dimensional movement of air particles.
Spatial and temporal variability of free tropospheric freezing level in Patagonia
Authors: García-Lee Nicolás , Bravo Claudio , Gonzáles-Reyes Álvaro , Mardones Piero
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The free tropospheric height of the 0 °C isotherm (H0), commonly referred to as the freezing level, denotes the lowest altitude within a specific location’s atmosphere where the air temperature reaches 0 °C. This serves as an indicator for the transition between rain and snow, making it useful for monitoring and visualizing the altitude of freezing temperatures in the atmosphere. We study the spatial and temporal variability of H0 across Patagonia (41°–54° S) for the 1950–2021 period. Our results highlight the contrast around the Andes, manifested in lower/higher H0 on the western/eastern side, indicating the orographical influence on temperature vertical profiles on both sides of mountains. Our results indicate that the spatial mean value of the isotherm field in the region is 1691 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l). In terms of seasonal variability, H0 ranges from 585 m.a.s.l (winter) to 3480 m.a.s.l (summer). Moreover, the significant trends calculated over the period only show positive values in the area. This indicates an upward trend in the isotherm, averaging an increase of 8 to 61 meters per decade from 1959–2021, where the higher value is over northwestern Patagonia. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was performed on isotherm anomalies. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of H0 variability accounts for 84 % of the total variance, depicting a monopole structure centered in the northwest area. This mode exhibits a positive correlation with the spatial average H0 anomalies field, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), temperature at 850 hPa in the Drake Passage, and sea surface temperature off the western coast of Patagonia; underscoring the significant role of these factors in influencing the vertical temperature profile within the region.
Drought counteracts soil warming more strongly in the subsoil than in the topsoil according to a vertical microbial SOC model
Authors: Pallandt Marleen , Schrumpf Marion , Lange Holger , Reichstein Markus , Yu Lin , Ahrens Bernhard
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool, but it is still uncertain how it will respond to climate change. Especially the fate of SOC due to concurrent changes in soil temperature and moisture is uncertain. It is generally accepted that microbially driven SOC decomposition will increase with warming, provided that sufficient soil moisture, and hence enough C substrate, is available for microbial decomposition. We use a mechanistic, microbially explicit SOC decomposition model, the Jena Soil Model (JSM), and focus on the depolymerisation of litter and microbial residues by microbes at different soil depths, and its sensitivities to soil warming and different drought intensities. In a series of model experiments we test the effects of soil warming and droughts on SOC stocks, in combination with different temperature sensitivities (Q10 values) for the half-saturation constant Km (Q10,Km) associated with the breakdown of litter or microbial residues. Microbial depolymerisation rates of litter and residues are proportional to microbial biomass (reverse kinetics), so that at low microbial biomass, the temperature sensitivity of Km plays a more prominent role. We find that soil warming leads to long-term SOC losses, but depending on SOC composition and its associated Q10,Km values, these losses can be either reduced or further accelerated, especially in the subsoil where microbial biomass is low. Droughts can alleviate the effects of soil warming and reduce SOC losses, and even lead to SOC gains, provided unchanged litter inputs. Furthermore, a combination of drought and different Q10,Km values associated with the breakdown of litter or microbial residues can have counteracting effects on the overall decomposition rates. In this study, we show that while absolute SOC changes driven by soil warming and drought are highest in the topsoil, SOC in the subsoil is more sensitive to the (sometimes counteracting) interplay between Km, temperature and soil moisture changes, and mineral-associated SOC.
Model based assessment of climate change impact on inland flood risk in coastal areas caused by compounding storm tide and precipitation events
Authors: Bormann Helge , Kebschull Jenny , Gaslikova Lidia , Weisse Ralf
Published: January 2024

Abstract. In addition to storm surges, inland flooding due to intense rainfall becomes an increasing threat at coastal lowlands. In particular, the coincidence of both types of events poses great challenges to regional water boards since their technical drainage capacities are limited. The evaluation of historical inland flood events at the German North Sea coast at the gauge Knock near Emden shows that in the past mainly moderate storm series in combination with large-scale, heavy precipitation led to an overload of inland drainage systems, whereas storm tides and precipitation alone could be handled well. Evaluation of the drivers of inland flood events simulated for the control period of two climate models confirms that a combination of storm tides and precipitation leads to highest drainage system overloads. Moderate system overload is also caused by heavy precipitation events alone rather than by storm tides without precipitation. Scenario projections based on a set of combinations of two highly resolved climate models and two emission scenarios suggest that the intensity of compound events of rainfall and storm tides will increase consistently against the background of mean sea level rise for all investigated climate change projections, while simulated system overload is higher for RCP8.5 compared to RCP2.6 scenario. Comparable to the past, future compound events will cause more potential damage compared to single extreme events. Such behaviour can be expected to induce an increasing frequency and intensity of inland drainage system overloads along the North Sea coast if timely adaptation measures will not be taken.
Integrating multi-hazard susceptibility and building exposure: A case study for Quang Nam province, Vietnam
Authors: Luu Chinh , Forino Giuseppe , Yorke Lynda , Ha Hang , Bui Quynh Duy , Tran Hanh Hong , Nguyen Dinh Quoc , Duong Hieu Cong , Kervyn Matthieu
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Natural hazards have serious impacts worldwide on society, economy and environment. In Vietnam, throughout the years, natural hazards have caused a significant loss of lives as well as severe devastation to houses, crops, and transportation. This paper presents a new model for multi-hazard (floods and wildfires) exposure estimates using machine learning models, Google Earth Engine, and spatial analysis tools for a typical Quang Nam province, Vietnam case study. By establishing the context and collected data on climate hazards and impacts, a geospatial database was built for multiple hazard modelling, including an inventory of climate-related hazards (floods and wildfires), topography, geology, hydrology, climate features (temperature, wetness, wind), land use, and building data for exposure assessment. The hazard susceptibility and exposure matrices were presented to demonstrate a hazard profiling approach for multi-hazards. The results are explicitly illustrated for floods and wildfire hazards and the exposure of buildings. Susceptibility models using the random forest approach provide model accuracy of the AUC=0.882 and 0.884 for floods and wildfires, respectively. The flood and wildfire hazards are combined within a semi-quantitative matrix for assessing the building exposure to different combinations of hazards. Digital multi-hazard risk and exposure maps of floods and wildfires aid the identification of areas prone to climate-related hazards and the potential impacts of hazards. This approach can be used to inform communities and regulatory authorities on how they develop and implement long-term adaptation solutions.
Ground- and ship-based microwave radiometer measurements during EUREC4A
Authors: Schnitt Sabrina , Foth Andreas , Kalesse-Los Heike , Mech Mario , Acquistapace Claudia , Jansen Friedhelm , Löhnert Ulrich , Pospichal Bernhard , Röttenbacher Johannes , Crewell Susanne , Stevens Bjorn
Published: January 2024

Abstract. During the EUREC4A field study, microwave radiometric measurements were performed at Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) and aboard RV Meteor and RV Maria S Merian in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic. We present retrieved integrated water vapor (IWV), liquid water path (LWP), and temperature and humidity profiles as a unified, quality-controlled, multi-site data set on a 3 s temporal resolution for a core period between 19 January and 14 February 2020 in which all instruments were operational. Multi-channel radiometric measurements were performed at BCO and aboard RV Meteor between 22 and 31 GHz (K-band) and from 51 to 58 GHz (V-band). Combined radar–radiometer measurements of a W-band Doppler radar with a single-channel radiometer instrument were conducted at 89 GHz aboard RV Meteor and RV Maria S Merian. We present a novel retrieval method to retrieve LWP from single-channel 89 GHz measurements, evaluate retrieved quantities with independent measurements, and analyze retrieval uncertainties by site and instrument intercomparison. Mean IWV conditions of 31.8 kg m−2 match independent radiosoundings at BCO with a root-mean-square difference of 1.1 kg m−2. Mean LWP conditions in confidently liquid cloudy, non-precipitating conditions ranged between 63.1 g m−2 at BCO and 46.8 g m−2 aboard RV Maria S Merian. Aboard the ships, 90 % of LWP was below 120 g m−2 with a 30 % uncertainty for LWP of 50 g m−2. Up to 20 % of confidently liquid cloudy profiles ranged below the LWP detection limit due to optically thin clouds. The data set comprises of processed raw data (Level 1), full quality-controlled post-processed instrument data (Level 2), a unified temporal resolution (Level 3), and a ready-to-use multi-site time series of IWV and LWP (Level 4), available to the public via AERIS (https://doi.org/10.25326/454##v2.0; Schnitt et al., 2023a). The data set complements the airborne LWP measurements conducted during EUREC4A and provides a unique benchmark tool for satellite evaluation and model–observation studies.
A Deep Learning-Based Consistency Test Approach for Earth System Models on Heterogeneous Many-Core Systems
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Zhang Shaoqing , Fu Haohuan , Chen Dexun , Gao Yang , Lin Xiaopei , Liu Zhao , Lv Xiaojing
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Physical and heat limits of the semiconductor technology require the adaptation of heterogeneous architectures in supercomputers to maintain a continuous increase of computing performance. The coexistence of general-purpose cores and accelerator cores, which usually employ different hardware architectures, can lead to bit-level differences, especially when we try to maximize the performance on both kinds of cores. Such differences further lead to unavoidable computational perturbations through temporal integration, which can blend with software or human errors. Software correctness verification in the form of quality assurance is a critically important step in the development and optimization of Earth system models (ESMs) on heterogeneous many-core systems with mixed perturbations of software changes and hardware updates. We have developed a deep learning-based consistency test approach for Earth System Models referred to as ESM-DCT. The ESM-DCT is based on the unsupervised bidirectional gate recurrent unit-autoencoder (BGRU-AE) model, which can still detect the existence of software or human errors when taking hardware-related perturbations into account. We use the Community Earth System Model (CESM) on the new Sunway system as an example of large-scale ESMs to evaluate the ESM-DCT. The results show that facing with the mixed perturbations caused by hardware designs and software changes in heterogeneous computing, the ESM-DCT can detect software or human errors when determining whether or not the model simulation is consistent with the original results in homogeneous computing. Our ESM-DCT tool provides an efficient and objective approach for verifying the reliability of the development and optimization of scientific computing models on the heterogeneous many-core systems.