bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Assessment on Time-Varying Temperature Field of Bridge Tower under Solar Radiation
Authors: Chen Bo , Guo Wei Hua , Song Chun Fang , Lu Kai Kai
Published: October 2012

Bridge tower, time-varying temperature field, heat transfer analysis, finite element model. Abstract. Long span suspension bridges are subjected to daily, seasonal and yearly environmental thermal effects induced by solar radiation and ambient air temperature. This paper aims to investigate the temperature distribution of a tower of a long span suspension bridge. Two-dimensional heat transfer models are utilized to determine the time-dependent temperature distribution of the bridge tower of the bridge. The solar radiation model is utilized to examine the time-varying temperature distribution. Finite element models are constructed for the bridge tower to compute the temperature distribution. The numerical models can successfully predict the structural temperature field at different time. The methodology employed in the paper can be applied to other long-span bridges as well.
Calculation of Horizontal Rigidity of the Plate Type Elastomeric Pad Bearing for Highway Bridge
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Jian Xin
Published: October 2012

The plate type elastomeric pad bearing is the most commonly used in highway bridge bearings. In the seismic design of bridges, the horizontal rigidity of the bearing is an important calculation parameters. The specific values of each parameter in the formula are not clear, and it can not provide a clear computation measures, although the formula of horizontal rigidity is given in the specification. Against Series bearings in plate type elastomeric pad bearing for Highway Bridge (JT/T4-2004), the People's Republic of China Communications Industry Standard, the structural parameters of the bearing are systematically introduced, including the shape factor, the bearing thickness, the thickness of the single-layer rubber and the total thickness of rubber layer. The methodology and detailed steps of the bearing horizontal rigidity are then analyzed and summarized by the formulas above. At last several examples of the different type of bearings are given. Some reference are Provided for the calculation of the stiffness frequently of plate type elastomeric pad bearing which are frequently used for highway bridges.
Test Research on Behavior and Spatial Finite Element Analysis of Equal Section Catenary Double Empty Arch Bridge
Authors: Wang Zhong Qiang , Ouyang Tao
Published: October 2012

Test research on behavior and theoretical analysis were carried out to ensure the in-service safety for the reason of diseases of existing double arch bridges[5]~[6]. Combing with a practical example of Menggong Bridge present situation, the performance was detected and the actual bearing capacity was checked through multi working conditions loading test. The finite element calculated model was established using the software MIDAS to simulated analyze internal forces and deformations. The comparison showed that the calculated result was well agree with experimental data, the structural design was reasonable and the flexural stiffness and bearing capacity were enough. The results also indicated that Menggong Bridge should be reinforced for the diseases, and the test and finite element calculation model were effective and reliable.
Experimental Study on Permeability and Chloride Resistance Properties of Concrete in Yu-Cheng Bridge
Authors: Fan Tao , Dong Jian Feng , Zhao Yu Xi
Published: October 2012

This paper studies air permeability, water absorption and chloride resistance properties of the normal concrete (NC) and the high performance concrete (HPC) adopted in the Yu-Cheng Bridge, Zhejiang Province. The air permeability and water absorption were measured by Autoclam, while the chloride resistance were tested by RCT after accelerate chloride ingression in the salt spray cabinet. The relationship among the air permeability, the water absorption and the chloride resistance of both kinds of concrete were analyzed. According to the result of Autoclam, HPC shows better resistance abilities of air permeability and water absorption, and this indicates that HPC is denser than NC. RCT shows that the chloride resistance of HPC is better than that of normal concrete.
Study on the Splicing Method between New and Old Bridges
Authors: Kong Qing Mei , Lv Hong Ju
Published: October 2012

It’s very necessary to do research on bridge splicing method, because it must refer to splicing problems between new and old bridge during expressway widening engineering. Now there are three main splicing methods: non-splicing for both superstructures and substructures, splicing of superstructures and non-splicing of substructures and splicing for both superstructures and substructures. Now splicing of superstructure and non-splicing of substructure is used more than other two splicing methods. Each splicing method has several different new construction technologies and their aims are to decrease the splicing disease. At present our country has accumulated lots of splicing engineering experience, so the following engineering should assimilate former experience and do incessant improvement and reformation.
Shallow Talk Steel Strand Pre-Tensioned Prestressed Hollow Plate Beam Construction Craft and Quality Control
Authors: Liu Hong Wei
Published: October 2012

With the development of prestressing technology, steel strand first should the hollow plate beam of prestressed concrete get in the upper part structure of the highway bridge extensive application, to steel strand first should prestressed concrete hollow plate beam construction quality of quality, not only direct relation arrive bridge of normal usage, also in the meantime relation arrive bridge of safety degree and durable. Therefore acquaint with in the beam system make the process with control first a construction a craft with work well quality control the key being very. This text combine a construction to practice, to steel strand first should prestressed concrete hollow plate beam construction craft, quality control the etc problem make an introduction.
Study on the Interaction between Offshore Constructions and Marine Environment
Authors: Qi Jing Jing , You Shao Yan , Yin Zhi Qing
Published: October 2012

The appearance of the offshore constructions will affect the hydrodynamic environment greatly. The direct effect is the change of hydrodynamic environment, which will affect the silt migration path and cause local scour. So a local refined calculation model of tidal distribution is developed in this paper to study the tidal current distribution and sediment scouring and deposition around the offshore constructions. Then an artificial island at Shengli Oil filed is taken for example. The developed model above is adopted to simulate the tidal distribution and local scouring change before and after the construction of the artificial island. The results of calculation show that excessive flow velocity appears near the construction, which cause sever local scour. And the calculation results can also provide technical support for the safety evaluation of the offshore constructions.
Evolution Laws on Longitudinal Slope of Gully Affected by Debris Flow Erosion
Authors: Pan Hua Li , Wei Li Qin , Yang Shun , Ou Guo Qiang
Published: October 2012

Compare to common river bed, the erosion and deposition of debris flow gully have a distinctive phenomenon except big changes of scour depth and deposition thickness. Due to its particularity, the process of gully erosion and deposition, variation of gully longitudinal slope is hardly obtained from field survey and observation. The paper analyzed the research of variation of gully erosion and deposition firstly, then prior to probe the changes of gully surface elevation under debris flow erosion, the variation laws of longitudinal slope of gully with debris flow density, initial angle of gull slope and bed materials through flume experiments.
Effect of Western the Fourth Phase Project on Hydrodynamic Condition for Shijiu Port in Rizhao
Authors: Li Jia Rui , Yu Die Shuang
Published: October 2012

A hydrodynamic model of Shijiu port and its adjacent sea area was built to discuss the effect of western the fourth phase project on the flow condition for Shijiu port area. The results show that with the sheltering effect of breakwaters, flow velocity values are small inside the breakwaters. The water area near the project is affected more by the project construction. The flow velocities there are faster after the project construction than before it. In the main channel, flow velocities outside the breakwaters almost have no difference before and after the project. The project construction doesn’t have significant effect on it.
Hydraulics Characteristics of the Close Gap in Large-Scale Beach Reclamation Works in Radial Sandbanks
Authors: Chen Ke Feng , Shen Jie
Published: October 2012

By the2-D tidal flow mathematical model, Calculation and analysis of hydraulics r Characteristics of the Longkou ine LV four port rcclamaiton project;and the relationship between the fill area and the width of of longkou. Research shows that, after the completion of an embankment, with the inning area fill, Longkou velocity gradually decreases. In I, II area harbor dam is formed, When the fill range from Longkou 1km ,and the Long kou width is reduced to 50m, I, II zone Longkou maximum velocity were 1.42m /s、1.54m / s, can meet the requirements of the closure gap.when III area harbor dam formed,if the fill maximum range from Longkou 1km, then closure-gap width at least to maintain 200m; for closure-gap width below 100m, then in the north and south area at the same time need to built bank. The ebb tide duration of the Longkou greater than the flood tidal duration;during the ebb tide, flow velocity basically stable, relatively small, Longkou closure should be selected during low tide and the low tide period.
The Computational Analysis and Evaluation on the Seismic Response of Base Isolated Benchmark Building
Authors: Li Xiang Zhen , Li Bing , Fu Huan Chang , Xiang Wei Ming
Published: October 2012

Based on the base isolated benchmark building, the dynamic calculation methods of the seismic response were established. Through the computational analysis and comparison of the non-isolation situation and two isolation situations, the influence of the isolation effect about base isolation system stiffness, damping and the method of stiffness arrangement were demonstrated on the platform of benchmark building. The isolated benchmark building was evaluated to offer some new basis about the model used in theoretical research and isolation designed as well as alternative ways to further broaden the base isolated benchmark building.
Slope Stability Analysis under the Condition of Seepage
Authors: Jin Yang
Published: October 2012

The stability of soil slope under seepage is calculated and analyzed by using finite element method based on the technique of shear strength reduction. When the condition of seepage or not is considered respectively, the critical failure state of slopes and corresponding safety coefficients can be determined by the numerical analysis and calculation. Besides, through analyzing and comparing the calculation results, it shows that seepage has a negative impact on slope stability.
Numerical Simulation of Tectonic Stress Field in Longmenshan Tectonic Belts after Earthquake
Authors: Su Sheng Rui , He Hu Jun , Zhang Ying , Li Peng
Published: October 2012

Two-dimensional finite element model of Longmenshan area was built on the basis of depth study on geological structure conditions and of rock mechanical properties in Longmenshan area, tectonic stress field and variation process of Longmenshan fault belt were inversed after the earthquake. The results show that: (1)After the earthquake, the maximum principal stress appears in fault endpoint, partial inflection point, intersection of Longmenshan fault and Xianshuihe fault and intersection of Minjiang fault, Animaqing-lueyang fault and Longmenshan Fault. The maximum principal stress in area is overall NEE to SEE.(2)After earthquake, shear stress distribution is more uniform, and compared after earthquake to before earthquake, shearing stress of Longmenshan central fault and Qianshan fault reduces obviously, but shear stress of Houshan fault increases.
Seismic Response of Slab Culvert in Loess Region
Authors: Wang Hai Bo , Pan Yu Tao , Shen Jun Min , Zheng Jun Jie
Published: October 2012

Buried culverts are usually considered to be earthquake-resistant underground structures. Therefore, few studies have been conducted to investigate the seismic response of slab culverts under high fill embankment which are usually subjected to extreme dynamic loads. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the seismic response of slab culvert under high fill embankment in a loess region which is also a seismically active area in China. The influence of important factors such as fill height, incident angle of seismic wave and magnitude of earthquake on the response of culvert is carefully examined. And possible failures of culverts are also analyzed according to the numerical results.
The Site Effect Analysis of Semi-Cylindrical Canyons and Soft Alluvial Basins by H/V Spectral Ratio
Authors: Chen Cheng Chih , Shyu Wen Shinn , Yeh Chau Shioung , Ting Cheh Shyh
Published: October 2012

The source, path and site effects are the main causes for ground motions. Soft alluvial basins especially result in seismic wave amplification as the site effect. Irregular alluvial basins and canyons in this study are semi-cylindrical for simplifying analysis. To deal with the scattering problems in frequency domain, Yeh et al. have gained positive outcomes by using a hybrid method which combined finite elements and the series expansion method to effectively solve the scattering problem in the irregular basins. These displacements derived from the frequency domain are computed with the H/V ratio to estimate the site effect. As the site effect is crucial in earthquake engineering, this study may serve as a quantitative contribution towards the amplified effect in alluvial basins and canyons. It can also simulate the effects of different incident angles on the H/V ratio.
Pregnant Environment Analysis Model of Earthquake-Induced Underground Engineering Slope Based on Gray Relation and Variation
Authors: Wang Feng Shan , Wu Li Fa , Rong Quan Bing , Zhang Hong Jun
Published: October 2012

Complicated and variational relation among the factors of the pregnant environment, resulted that, it was hard to orderly sentence the connection from the pregnant risk factors to the overall slope safety. Through differentiating risk relational factors into the extreme variation, same directional matrix was established for the pregnant environment safety of earthquake-induced underground engineering slope. Gray relation Analysis Model was established on the pregnant environment of earthquake-induced underground engineering slope, which was integrated with entropy information of same directional matrix. Model calculated out the gray relation degree and variation coefficient among the sample data sequence of the observed units, and finally sentenced the overall safety of underground engineering slope systemically. Example showed that toward the multi-objective decision-making problem for the safety assessment of underground engineering slope, model possessed with a scientific, simple, practical feature, whose outcome revealed the full status of the slope pregnant environment.
Ground Motion Parameters Influences on Input Seismic Energy
Authors: Du Min , Guo Xiao Yun , Zhao Yan
Published: October 2012

Based on the energy analysis of a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system, a mode decomposition method for the input seismic energy is proposed, which substitutes a MDOF system with equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. The input seismic energy is obtained, using the actual earthquake data. The influence of ground motion parameters is analyzed. The results show that the seismic input energy increases proportionally with the square of ground motion acceleration peak. The bigger the predominant period is, the more the input seismic energy is.
Research on the Seismic Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Column and Steel Beam Joint
Authors: Yin Ying Zi , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2012

Joints are the forces cross points of members, and the bearing modes are more complex than other members, especially under earthquake action, so the rationality of joints are directly related to the safe reliability of structure. By the pseudo-static test of 4 concrete-filled square steel tubular column and steel beam joint with outer stiffened ring, this paper discusses the failure characteristics, failure mechanism and seismic behavior of joints under different axial compression ratio. The analysis of the testing results shows: the energy dissipation capacity of joints is much better, the degradation of strength and stiffness are slowly when reached the ultimate strength, and the ductility is also good.
Study on Energy Dissipation Mechanism and Collapse-Resistant Performance of RC Frame-Shear-Wall Structure under Strong Earthquake
Authors: Miao Zhi Wei , Qiu Zhao Yun , Ming Yang
Published: October 2012

Energy dissipation mechanism is very important for the structural collapse-resistant performance under strong earthquakes. Two reinforced concrete (RC) frame-shear-wall structures with different span-depth ratios in coupling beams were designed according to current Chinese seismic design code and then analyzed by nonlinear time-history analysis method under a serial of strong earthquake records. Based on the analysis results, energy dissipation mechanism and collapse-resistant performance of the two structures under strong earthquakes are studied. And the “strong wall limb-weak coupling beam” mechanism, which is achieved in the structure with larger span-depth ratio in coupling beams, is proposed to serve as the reasonable energy dissipation mechanism for RC frame-shear-wall structure. The damage of wall limb is controlled effectively under this energy dissipation mechanism, which leads to good collapse-resistant performance.
Numerical Simulation of Semi-Active Control during Hazard Evolution under Strong Earthquake in ABAQUS
Authors: Sun Song Jian , Feng Guang
Published: October 2012

With the development of the control research, intelligent control has become one of the most popular research topics worldwide. The traditional method of Numerical simulation on control theories are realized by the programs in MATLAB, which is based on numbers of assumptions and simplification. However, it is difficult to ensure that the seismic response of the structure is always in linear elastic state during the process of hazard evolution under strong earthquake so that certain errors during such simulation are inevitable. In order to solve this problem, a numerical method of the realization of semi-active control in commercial finite element software ABAQUS is proposed in this paper. One of the main advantages of this method is that the structural plastic response can be taken into account. In this paper, the seismic response of a bridge with three-span continuous girder is numerically studied, and the semi-active control is successfully realized in ABAQUS. The proposed method can be used to carry out the refined simulation of the seismic response of the structures with semi-active control set. The highlight of this paper is to provide an effective approach for the research of intelligent control.
Frame Structure of the Aseismic Appraisal and Strengthening Research
Authors: Yang Yi Zhen , Gan Hong
Published: October 2012

This article mainly aims at the frame structure seismic identification and reinforcement, and example analyzed a middle school building structure of the framework aseismatic appraisal and reinforcement.
The Dynamic Response Analysis of Piled Wharf System under Seismic Excitation
Authors: Zhang Shi Ping , Cui Chun Yi , Yang Gang , Wang Zhong Tao
Published: October 2012

In order to study the behavior of piled wharf system under seismic excitation, numerical analyses are conducted by employing the Newmark’s time-integration algorithm. In the computational model, both nonlinearity of subsoil and the contact behavior between pile-soil interfaces are considered. The numerical results show that the horizontal displacement extremum of all piles in time history increase with the pile height under horizontal seismic excitation. Especially, the side pile of wharf system in the bank slope appears larger horizontal displacement compared with the other piles. Furthermore, the extremum variation of horizontal acceleration and bending moment of the side pile displays a non-monotonic characteristic. Based on computational results and theoretical analyses, several conclusion remarks are drawn, which can provide valuable and referable experience to some extent for related engineering practice and design.
Full-Scale Test on Seismic Performance of Masonry Structure
Authors: An Dong , Qu Tie Jun , Liang Jian Wen
Published: October 2012

For further study on effective seismic design requirements of masonry structure, two masonry buildings were designed and constructed according to common structure style in towns and villages. Two full-scale buidings were subjected to earthquake using pseudo-dynamic test and quasi-static test. This paper presents crack propagation of masonry structure, hysteretic behavior, deformation and stiffness degradation under horizontal seismic action. In this experiment, deformability and ultimate bearing capacity of confined masonry (CM) with tie-column and ring-beam is higher than common brick structure (BM). Confined masonry (CM) wall maintain integrity due to constraint of tie-column and ring-beam. These tests verify that tie-column and ring-beam system is an effective seismic requirement to enhance seismic performance of masonry structure.
A Study of Evaluation Model Relating to Building Seismic Damage-Case Study at the Taiwan 921 Earthquake Areas
Authors: Chen Kuan Wei , Tu Chien Hung , Chang Jung Nan , Chen Jung Wei
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study is to use binary regression to construct the forecast model about the damage of the buildings in the earthquake disaster, and differentiate the relationship between the breakage and the collapse of the building and the character of the building by coefficients of the model. The Urban Planning Region of Chung-Hsing New Village is 7.0 magnitude earthquake area and the researched subject of this study. The reasons of the building collapses in the earthquake disaster can be induced by relative bibliographies and investigation data of collapses of the buildings in fields in reference units at 921 earthquake time. The model variables are chosen by considering the feasibility of the data which are obtained and investigated in fields. A forecast model about the damage of the middle and lower floor buildings in earthquake disaster is established by logistic regression of binary regression method. The model is through the coefficient test, the expected sign, the test of significance and the precise rate of the model, to understand the significance of the model coefficient and the application to the strategy.
Seismic Reliability Analysis of the Reinforced Concrete Beam Bridge Base on the Maximum Earthquake Response
Authors: Zhang Zhen Hao , Yang Wei Jun
Published: October 2012

Using the method of combining static reliability and dynamic reliability, this paper converts the calculation of structural seismic reliability to the calculation of probability of the structural response maximum beyond the resistance boundary. Thus exceeding probability analysis of random process is converted to probability characteristic analysis of random variable. According to the above idea the seismic reliability analysis method based on the maximum of seismic response is proposed. The reinforced concrete beam bridge example calculations show that the calculation results of seismic reliability analysis method based on the maximum of seismic response can meet the engineering accuracy requirements.
Study on a Roller-Footing Isolated Single-Pier System
Authors: Wei Biao , Li Shan Shan
Published: October 2012

As to improve bridges’ seismic performance, horizontal earthquake was isolated at the bottom of piers. With one pier system as the object of study, adopting nonlinear time history analysis analyzed the un-isolation system, the traditional isolation system and the new isolation system’s seismic performance especially when the actual earthquake was different from the design earthquake, in which the new isolation system was based on rolling balls. Results shows, as for the new isolation system, the internal force is independent of earthquake accelerations and earthquake periods, therefore, sympathetic vibration will not exist, and the internal force is always too small to destroy the system.
Studies on Performance-Based Seismic Design for RC Frame Structures with Energy Dissipation
Authors: Sui Jie Ying , Niu Di Tao , Xu Chen Ming
Published: October 2012

Energy dissipation reduction design can achieve the performance-based seismic design. By contrasting the results of the frame with the SMA dampers and the original structure, the results prove that the SMA damper can reduce the seismic response effectively and achieve the important performance objective “no damage under moderate earthquake and maintainable under major earthquake”.
Numerical Analysis of Soil Nail Walls under Seismic Condition in 3D Form Excavations
Authors: Zamiran Siavash , Ghojavand Hadi , Saba Hamidreza
Published: October 2012

Typically, temporary soil nailing systems are not required to provide for design level earthquake occurrences consistent with the building or structure being constructed inside the excavation. However, the seismic response of the permanent soil nail walls during the earthquakes should be evaluated. On the other hand, evaluation of 3D response of soil nailing walls have some strange manners that should be considered in the numerical analysis. In this paper, numerical simulations of soil nail walls under vibrational input have been carried out, and the results are compared with the function of soil nail walls under ordinary statistical loading. The behaviour of geometry of nails are mentioned under static and seismic analysis. After that some investigations are carried out to find respond of soil nailing walls in some 3D excavation forms. The analysis is performed with finite difference software called FLAC3D. The results are prepared as lateral displacement of the walls and normalized maximum tensile forces for nails. These results can demonstrate the behavior of external and internal resistance of soil nail walls under seismic and static analysis. The deformation of wall under the static and dynamic manner varies in a wide range. On the other hand, tensile loads that are produced in nails under the static manner are namely 50% less than the dynamic manner.
Steel Braces in Series with Hysteretic Dampers for Reducing the Seismic Vulnerability of RC Existing Buildings: Assessment and Retrofitting with a Nonlinear Model
Authors: Cancellara Donato , de Angelis Fabio
Published: October 2012

In the present paper we analyze an innovative strategy for the retrofitting of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) building by the use of hysteretic dissipators. A device called Buckling Restrained Axial Damper (BRAD) is adopted which is used in series with a steel element to form the diagonal braces of the retrofitted structure. Such devices allow a significant improvement of the seismic behavior of the building by providing a better dissipation of the seismic input energy in the structure and thus ensuring a better performance of the RC structure in the elastoplastic range. In the paper the behavior of such devices is described and analyzed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of their use in the retrofitting of RC structures is discussed. A nonlinear analysis is finally presented for the retrofitting of a RC existing building by a displacement based approach in order to verify the compatibility condition between the displacement capacity of the structure and the displacement demand according to the seismic codes. The performances of the use of the BRAD devices in the retrofitting of RC buildings is thus illustrated in detail.
Seismic Reliability Analysis of Single-Degree-of-Freedom System when Structural Response is with Markov Property
Authors: Zhang Zhen Hao , Yang Wei Jun
Published: October 2012

The stationary responses process of single-degree-of-freedom structural system is a stationary process with Markov property in displacement-speed space when the random earthquake load is simulated as flat noise or nearly flat noise. In this paper, the seismic reliability of singe-degree-of-freedom structural system of which the structural responses is with Markov property is studied according to first excursion mechanism. The explicit solution method of the structural seismic reliability is deduced. It is shown from the example that the method of this paper is correct. For the seismic reliability analysis of multiple-degree-of-freedom system, the mode-superposition method can be adopted to transform multiple-degree-of-freedom system into a series of generalized single-degree-of-freedom systems, so the method of this paper is also applicable in the theory.
Seismic Performance of Steel Frames for Sustainable Structural System
Authors: Oh Sang Hoon , Ryu Hong Sik
Published: October 2012

A test on a full-scale model of a three-spans and two-story steel moment frame with dampers and releasable slab was conducted. The details of the test frames, test instruments, set-up procedures, and test procedures were presented. The column and beam were connected by dampers that could initiate the plastic deformation during cyclic loading before damage occurred in the beam and column. The precast concrete slab was designed to be releasable and for saving story height. The primary objective of this test was to verify structural performance and constructability of a full-scale sustainable steel frame. Test results confirm that the sustainable frame showed stable hysteretic behavior without any serious damage up to a drift angle of 1/12; and the sustainable frames were released systematically in spite of serious cyclic loading.
Amplification Effect of Near-Fault Vertical Ground Motions on Horizontal Deformation Response of Structures
Authors: Yin Jiang , Zhou Xian Yan , Yin Jian
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the amplification to structural non-linear displacement response caused by near-fault vertical ground motions is investigated quantitatively. Based on a set of 30 acceleration records of near-fault ground motions, two typical concrete frame structures, as numerical examples, are examined by means of nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis at two different stages: (1) through the application of horizontal components of acceleration records, (2) through application of the combined horizontal and vertical components at the same time. The numerical results show that the maximum floor-displacements of two concrete frames are limitedly amplified by the vertical effect of near-fault ground motion. On the other side, the maximum inter-story drifts are amplified obviously, and the magnification caused by the vertical effect is about 15%~20% on average. Hence it is evident that the amplification of near-fault vertical effect on horizontal deformation response could not be neglected, and worth serious consideration in future seismic design and evaluation.
Evaluation on a Novel Phosphorus Fractionation Method in Acid Soils
Authors: Lei Hong Jun , Liu Xin , Xi Bei Dou , Zhu Duan Wei
Published: October 2012

Phosphorous fractionation is a method developed to estimate sizes of readily soil available P pool, soil P sub-pools and their ability to replenish the available P. Three types of acid soils (1aterite red soil, yellow red soil and brown red soil) were used in pot experiment under a rain-shelter condition to investigate the effect of lime amendment on P fractions and their bioavailability by plant of broad bean. A novel phosphorus fractionation scheme was developed and used to study the phosphorus fractionation of the tested soils compared with the two typical soil phosphorus fractionation schemes, adopting a series of extractants such as 0.25mol L-1 NaHCO3, 1h (for Ca2-P), 0.5mol L-1 NH4F (pH8.5), 1h (for Al-P), 0.7mol L-1 NaClO, pH 8.05, 85°C water bath 30min (for Org-P), 0.1mol L-1 NaOH-0.1Na2CO3, 4h (for Fe-P), 1mol L-1 NaOH, 85°C water bath 1h (for O-Al-P), 0.3 mol L-1 Na-citrate-0.5 g Na2S2O4 -0.5 mol L-1 NaOH, 85°C water bath 15min (for O-Fe-P), 0.25mol L-1 H2SO4, 1h (for Ca10-P). Main results are obtained just as follows: besides Ca2-P, Al-P, Fe-P and O-Fe-P are potentially available phosphorus resource. Although O-P reflects the difference of P between lime and control treatment well, when it appears as a whole, it needs further subdivision to reflect soil phosphorus biologically availability difference better.
Spatio-Temporal Modeling on Village Land Feature Change
Authors: Zhu Hua Ji , Wu Hua Rui
Published: October 2012

Village land continually changes in the real world. In order to keep the data up-to-date, data producers need update the data frequently. When the village land data are updated, the update information must be dispensed to the end-users to keep their client-databases current. In the real world, village land changes in many forms. Identifying the change type of village land (i.e. captures the semantics of change) and representing them in the data world can help end-users understand the change commonly and be convenient for end-users to integrate these change information into their databases. This work focuses on the model of the spatio-temporal change. A three-tuple model CAR for representing the spatio-temporal change is proposed based on the village land feature set before change and the village land feature set after change, change type and rules. In this model, the C denotes the change type. A denotes the attribute set; R denotes the judging rules of change type. The rule is described by the IF－THEN expressions. By the operations between R and A, the C is distinguished. This model overcomes the limitations of current methods. And more, the rules in this model can be easy realized in computer program.
Classification of the Sky in Shah Alam, Malaysia Using Measured Sky Radiance and Luminance
Authors: Yeop Noorhasimah , Ahmed Azni Zain
Published: October 2012

This study aims at classifying the sky at Shah Alam, Malaysia (3° 3.82´N, 101° 29.50´ E). Measurements of sky luminance and sky radiance were made at a chosen location in Shah Alam. The measurements were done by using a sky scanner. This equipment tracked 145 points of sky hemisphere. Field measurements were made during the periods of October to December 2010 and between January, July and August 2011. The luminance and radiance data were converted to illuminance and irradiance. The sky ratio and Perez clearness index were then calculated. It was confirmed that the sky at Shah Alam is mostly of the partly cloudy or intermediate type. During the measurement period, the maximum mean monthly hourly irradiation was more than 200 W/m2 and the maximum mean monthly hourly illuminance exceeded 20klux.
Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar on Geophysical Prospecting for the Building Foundation in Karstic Region
Authors: Ma Shao Kun , Yao Xiao , Huang Yan Zhen , Zhou Xiao Bing
Published: October 2012

This paper briefly introduces the principle and method of GPR, as well as the related manual during the application process. Then a case in karstic region is presented. This paper is aimed at giving some guidance to the application of GPR on geophysical prospecting for the building foundation in karstic region.
Advanced PS-INSAR for Land Subsidence Monitoring in Cangzhou
Authors: Yu Xiao Ying , Huang Mei , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2012

The conventional D-InSAR technique has been successfully applied in the volcano, earthquake induced surface deformation monitoring of large scale. However it is restricted by the loss of coherence and atmospheric delay effect. Advanced PS-INSAR as IPTA (Interferometric Point Target Analysis) technology was used to monitor urban area in Cangzhou city. Linear equations and the periodic function were used to fit the region of the deformation field. The experimental results show that the region of maximum deformation rate up to 20mm/yr and the maximum deformation of 45mm at Mar. 2010 in the central of Cangzhou city with 17 ASAR data from 23 February 2007 to 15 October 2010. It is well correlation with groundwater monitor well’s water level. The results show IPTA technique is capable of detecting long-term accumulated crustal deformation on landslip and active faults and is superior to the conventional PS-INSAR in the realization of efficiency and data storage. It will become one of the most effective technologies to monitor of landslide, active faults and seismic deformation.
The Research on Ambiguity Processing of GPS Deformation Monitor
Authors: Yang Jian , Wu Hao
Published: October 2012

In high accuracy GPS deformation monitor application,we usually use GPS relative positioning, establishing the positioning model with double-difference carrier phase observation to accomplish high accuracy positioning. In accordance with different deformation monitor mode, the processing methods of double-difference ambiguity are accordingly different. In periodical repeated monitor, we usually use routine GPS static relative positioning processing method; in stationary and continuous monitor, we can adopt a DC (direct calculation) method; while in real-time dynamic monitor, we choose a plan of known ambiguity transferring. The paper discusses the ambiguity processing procedures in three different deformation monitor modes, and uses examples proving them.
Research the Problem about the Silted Deposition of the Broken Model
Authors: Huang Shu You , Yin Zhi Gang , Zhang Jin Guang , Ren Yu Shan , Zhou Jing Hai
Published: October 2012

On the foundation of the item that the residence flood controlled technique and standard tested and the analysis according to the formation of the sediment and the regulation of the sedimentation in the actual river. In the process of the studied item, design a kind of a new sedimentation basin in order to lower the sand carrying capacity of the down water in the limited distance and the biggest limit. Through the model experiment of this kind of the sedimentation basin and find out the result of the sink the sand under the different discharge, in order to guide the actual engineering application.
Monitoring and Reinforcement Technology of Passing Weak and Broken Rock Strata for Tunnel Boring Machine
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Kai Bin , Yang Wei Hong , Liu Bo , Liu Ying Chao
Published: October 2012

The stability control of surrounding rock is a relatively important problem in tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction. The tunnel convergence deformation value was monitored in field while TBM passing weak and broken section of hydraulic tunnel. The correlation between tunnel convergence and surrounding rock stability is analyzed. The monitoring results show that: the characteristic of weak and broken Strata is closely correlated with some geological conditions, such as fault development, intrusive contact of orthophyre and lamprophyre veins. These supporting measures can well ensure the stability of surrounding rock in weak and broken section, such as sealing the inverted arch by using concrete of C25,reinforcing the inverted arch by steel arch of I10 and anchor construction in the roof. There is great difference between the properties of the weak and broken rocks on both sides, which is the main reason of the large tunnel convergence deformation. The monitoring results can provide reference for similar engineering in the future.
Subgrade Stability Analysis with Rainfall Infiltration
Authors: Zhou Li Jin
Published: October 2012

Based on limit equilibrium method, the subgrade stability formula under rainfall infiltration is derived and the influence of matric suction on subgrade stability is analyzed using the safety coefficient formula. What’s more, the affection of rainfall intensity, duration and soil permeability on subgrade stability is studied and the influences is obtained. The presented research provides the theory basis to controlling of rainfall infiltration.
Application of Wavelet Packet Analysis in Damage Alarming for Steel-Frame Structure
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wei Zhuo Bin , Wang Zi , Wu Sen
Published: October 2012

The method of damage alarming based on wavelet packet analysis which applied on steel-frame structure is researched. Firstly, the method of damage identification based on wavelet packet analysis is introduced. Secondly, in view of the dependability of the method on the excitation, virtual impulse response function is brought in to enhance robustness of the method to the excitation. Lastly, through the steel-frame structure experimentation of damage alarming, the two damage modes of the structure are identified by the method based on wavelet packet energy spectrum. The experimentation results show that the effect of damage alarming to the steel-frame structure is completely obvious by wavelet packet analysis. Accordingly, this method has much application value for engineering.
Analysis of Bending Stiffness of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheet
Authors: Han Yan , Liu Hong Bo , Guo Tao
Published: October 2012

The stiffness of reinforced concrete simple beams strengthened with carbon fiber sheets is studied in this paper. The calculation formulas of it are discussed, for steel yielding and not yielding. The stiffness increases with the number of carbon fiber layer or reinforcement ratio increases.
Nonlinear Damage Creep Model of Coal or Rock Containing Gas
Authors: Yang Xiao Bin , Li Yang , Guan Hai He , Li Tian Yang , He Jie Shan
Published: October 2012

In order to study the creep properties of coal or rock containing gas, the creep properties of coal or rock without gas were studied firstly. Through analyzing the previous creep experiment results of coal or rock, one nonlinear damage creep model of coal or rock was founded based on the general Kelvin model. In this model, assumed that the damage is a function of stress level and time, and introduced one nonlinear hardened function into the general Kelvin model, the nonlinear damage fading creep equation and the nonlinear damage creep whole process equation were obtained. Besides this model, considering the composite structure of coal or rock, gas and gas absorption layer, and assuming that this structure has the stick-slip property under the outside load, so a stick-slip module was added in the general Kelvin model and a new nonlinear damage creep model of coal or rock containing gas was founded. Given the value of the material parameters in the two equations, the creep curves varied with the time were drawn under different axial compression. Through the theoretical curves, the nonlinear damage creep model in this paper was proved to be rational.
Bearing Performances of a Strengthened Chinese Ancient Beam by Simulation
Authors: Zhou Qian , Yan Wei Ming
Published: October 2012

To protect Chinese ancient wooden buildings, by simulation means a decayed wooden beam of an ancient building in the Forbidden City was taken as example to study its bearing performances after strengthened by steel bands and bolts.The ancient wooden beam was found to decay on its forepart.The decayed part of beam was considered to be replaced by new wooden part,which connected with old part of beam by bolts and steel bands.Finite element model of the strengthened beam was built considering swivel type of boundary conditions.By contact analysis of ANSYS program, distortion value,compression,tension as well as contact stresses of the strengthened beam under vertical loads were obtained, feasible strengthening suggestions were proposed.Results show that inner forces and distortion value of the strengthened beam are within permission scopes,thus the strengthening method is feasible.
Structural Damage Detection Based on Curvature Mode Shapes and Neural Network Technique
Authors: Du Guang Qian , Zhu Chang Zhi , Long Li Juan , Zhang Meng
Published: October 2012

On the basis of the theory that natural frequency changes and curvature mode shapes can be employed to determine the locations and degrees of damage of structures, a BP neural network technique with an improved input structure was developed. The two networks were used for diagnosis of structural damage, and structural damages were predicted using gray theory. The results showed that the gray theory to predict the structural damage neural network was applicable to irregular objects such injury problem diagnosis.
Study on the Safety Monitoring and Control Technology of Artificial Island Construction on Radiating Sandbar
Authors: Zong Zhong Ling , Zhang Zhen Dong , Yao Dong Rui
Published: October 2012

Based on the analysis of the cause of destruction and damage mechanism, safety monitoring and control technology of artificial island construction on radiating sandbar is discussed. Safety monitoring system structure, monitoring plan, control standards and results are presented in this paper. By the basic principles of the finite element numerical method, the feasibility of numerical simulation is demonstrated in the safety monitoring and control.
Determing the Reasonable Single-Well Proration in Gas Reservoir by the Method of Dynamic Production
Authors: Zhang Kui , Li Hai Tao , Zhou Yang Fan , Li Ai Hua
Published: October 2012

Low permeability, low abundance, water-bearing gas reservoirs are widely distributed in China, and their reserves constitute 85% of all kinds of reservoirs in current. It has important realistic meanings to develop them. Determining of reasonable gas well production is the prerequisite to achieving long-term high productivity and stable production. This paper takes Shanggu gas field at Sulige Gas Field for example, respectively from the dynamic data analogy methods, the pressure drop rate statistical methods, gas curve methods, production system nodal analysis methods, and studied the reasonable capacity of the low permeability gas reservoir. Through comprehensive analysis，the comprehensive technical indexes about single well reasonable production was determined.
Study on Volume Stability of High Strengthen High Performance Concrete
Authors: Hao Run Xia , Guo Xiao Yan , Zhao Jun Mei
Published: October 2012

Volume linearity change rule was found through contrast test of cement material net liquid of adding superfine slag power, high performance concrete and normal concrete. It is guidance significance for volume change of high strength and high performance concrete how to reduce.