bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of P and K interaction on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties
Authors: Abd El Lateef E. M. , Wali Asal M. , Abd El-Salam M. S.
Published: September 2021

Background

The relation between the macronutrients P and K seems to be synergistic due to the beneficial effects of the interaction between (P × K) and varies according to the variety used. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 summer seasons to study the effect of interaction of phosphatic fertilization at 0, 37.5 and 75 kg P2O5 ha−1 and potassic fertilization at 0 and 57.6 kg K2O ha−1 on the yield and yield components of two mungbean varieties, viz. Kawmy-l and V2010, as well as determining the relationship between the two nutrients interaction.

Results

The results showed that there were varietal differences in yield and yield components regardless fertilizer application. Either phosphatic or potassic fertilization significantly increased mungbean yield and yield components traits. Significant effects due to the interaction (V × P) were reported on yield component traits in both seasons. Furthermore, the triple interaction (V × P × K) indicates that synergistic effect was reported for the two varieties and was more clearer for V2010 where it needed both of P and K nutrients to out yield the greatest seed yield ha−1, while Kawmy-1 gave the greatest seed yield ha−1 without K application.

Conclusion

It could be concluded from this study that mungbean varieties differ in their response to the synergistic interaction effect of P and K and the combination of 75 kg P2O5 + 57.6 kg K2O is preferable for V2010 and 75 kg P2O5 alone for Kawmy-1 to produce the greatest yield.
Index event of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) determines long-term prognosis and recurrent events (retrospective analysis and clinical follow-up)
Authors: Wagner Andrea , Groetsch Christiane , Wilfling Sibylle , Schebesch Karl-Michael , Kilic Mustafa , Nenkov Marjan , Wendl Christina , Linker Ralf A. , Schlachetzki Felix
Published: September 2021

Background

The modified Boston criteria (mBC) define the probability for the diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Its initial clinical presentation differs from asymptomatic cerebral microbleedings (cMBs), acute ischemic stroke (AIS), cortical hemosiderosis (cSS), to lobar ICH (lICH).

Methods

Retrospective analyses and clinical follow-ups of individuals with at least mBC “possible” CAA from 2005 to 2018.

Results

149 patients were classified in subgroups due to the index event: lICH (n = 91), AIS (n = 32), > 3 cMBs only (n = 16) and cSS (n = 10). Patients in the lICH subgroup had a significantly higher percentage of single new lICHs compared to other groups, whereas patients in the AIS-group had a significantly higher percentage of multiple new AIS. cMBs as index event predisposed for AIS during follow up (p < 0.0016). Patients of the cMBs- or cSS-group showed significantly more TFNEs (transient focal-neurological episodes) and lower numbers of asymptomatic patients (for epilepsy and TFNEs) at the index event than patients with lICH or AIS (p < 0.0013). At long-term follow-up, the cMBs- and cSS-group were characterized by more TFNEs and fewer asymptomatic patients.

Conclusions

A new classification system of CAA should add subgroups according to the initial clinical presentation to the mBCs allowing individual prognosis, acute treatment and secondary prophylaxis.
Concurrent coronary artery and subclavian arterial aneurysms in Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Ayyappan Anoop , Gopalakrishnan Arun , Pitchai Shivanesan
Published: September 2021

Background

Aneurysmal coronary artery involvement and subclavian artery aneurysm are extremely uncommon in Takayasu arteritis.

Case presentation

We present a case with concurrent coronary artery and subclavian artery aneurysms.

Conclusions

This case report stresses multimodality and multisystem imaging in Takayasu arteritis to know the disease load in the patient and to know the possibility of a rare type of involvement (medium and large vessel) in Takayasu arteritis patient.
Radiation Sounds
Authors: Schwartz Jessica A.
Published: September 2021

On March 1, 1954, the US military detonated “Castle Bravo,” its most powerful nuclear bomb, at Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Two days later, the US military evacuated the Marshallese to a nearby atoll where they became part of a classified study, without their consent, on the effects of radiation on humans. In Radiation Sounds Jessica A. Schwartz examines the seventy-five years of Marshallese music developed in response to US nuclear militarism on their homeland. Schwartz shows how Marshallese singing draws on religious, cultural, and political practices to make heard the deleterious effects of US nuclear violence. Schwartz also points to the literal silencing of Marshallese voices and throats compromised by radiation as well as the United States’ silencing of information about the human radiation study. By foregrounding the centrality of the aural and sensorial in understanding nuclear testing’s long-term effects, Schwartz offers new modes of understanding the relationships between the voice, sound, militarism, indigeneity, and geopolitics.
TP53 loss initiates chromosomal instability in fallopian tube epithelial cells
Authors: Bronder Daniel , Tighe Anthony , Wangsa Darawalee , Zong Dali , Meyer Thomas J. , Wardenaar René , Minshall Paul , Hirsch Daniela , Heselmeyer-Haddad Kerstin , Nelson Louisa , Spierings Diana , McGrail Joanne C. , Cam Maggie , Nussenzweig André , Foijer Floris , Ried Thomas , Taylor Stephen S.
Published: September 2021

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) originates in the fallopian tube epithelium and is characterized by ubiquitous TP53 mutation and extensive chromosomal instability (CIN). However, direct causes of CIN, such as mutations in DNA replication and mitosis genes, are rare in HGSOC. We therefore asked whether oncogenic mutations that are common in HGSOC can indirectly drive CIN in non-transformed human fallopian tube epithelial cells. To model homologous recombination deficient HGSOC, we sequentially mutated TP53 and BRCA1 then overexpressed MYC. Loss of p53 function alone was sufficient to drive the emergence of subclonal karyotype alterations. TP53 mutation also led to global gene expression changes, influencing modules involved in cell cycle commitment, DNA replication, G2/M checkpoint control and mitotic spindle function. Both transcriptional deregulation and karyotype diversity were exacerbated by loss of BRCA1 function, with whole-genome doubling events observed in independent p53/BRCA1-deficient lineages. Thus, our observations indicate that loss of the key tumour suppressor TP53 is sufficient to deregulate multiple cell cycle control networks and thereby initiate CIN in pre-malignant fallopian tube epithelial cells.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Self-Assembled Fabrication of Water-Soluble Porphyrin Mediated Supramolecule-Gold Nanoparticle Networks and Their Application in Selective Sensing
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Hu Ruhui , Wu Xueqin , Songsun Fengda , Zhu Han , Chen Jie , Chen Hongxia
Published: September 2021

Herein, we report a self-assembled fabrication of a network nanozyme (TMPyP-pSC4@GNPs) and a glucose-recognition molecule (APBA) for highly stable and selective glucose sensing. By involving the derivative of water-soluble porphyrin in TMPyP-pSC4@GNPs, the peroxidase-like catalytic performance of the nanozyme was improved benefiting from the topological structure via high electronic transfer and large surface area. Besides, the hybrid of APBA in TMPyP-pSC4@GNPs can increase the selectivity due to its specific binding affinity with glucose, and the detection signal was enhanced by 73.2%. The excellent stability and selectivity meet the need of clinically detecting glucose in urine and blood. Therefore, this mechanistically novel strategy expands the scope of the traditional GNPs-based catalytic strategy of glucose and serves as an alternative and potential glucose detection platform.
Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Lithium Phthalocyanine Stable Radical Compound
Authors: Seguchi Naoe , Tanaka Ryoma , Fujita Yusuke , Matsuda Masaki
Published: September 2021

The stable organic radical compound, lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc), is employed as the active layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Using crystalline α-LiPc and x-LiPc thin film, OFETs exhibiting n-type semiconducting behavior are achieved. The α-LiPc OFET exposed to air for 7 weeks preserves its n-type semiconducting behavior.
Air Pollution and Criminal Activity: Microgeographic Evidence from Chicago
Authors: Herrnstadt Evan , Heyes Anthony , Muehlegger Erich , Saberian Soodeh
Published: September 2021

A growing literature documents that air pollution adversely impacts health, productivity, and cognition. This paper provides the first evidence of a causal link between air pollution and aggressive behavior, as documented by violent crime. Using the geolocation of crimes in Chicago from 2001–2012, we compare crime upwind and downwind of major highways on days when wind blows orthogonally to the road. Consistent with research linking pollution to aggression, we find that air pollution increases violent crime on the downwind sides of interstates. Our results suggest that pollution may reduce welfare and affect behavior through a wider set of channels than previously considered. (JEL K42, Q53)
The Effects of DNA Databases on the Deterrence and Detection of Offenders
Authors: Anker Anne Sofie Tegner , Doleac Jennifer L. , Landersø Rasmus
Published: September 2021

This paper studies the effects of adding criminal offenders to a DNA database. Using a large expansion of Denmark’s DNA database, we find that DNA registration reduces recidivism within the following year by up to 42 percent. It also increases the probability that offenders are identified if they recidivate, which we use to estimate the elasticity of crime with respect to the detection probability and find that a 1 percent higher detection probability reduces crime by more than 2 percent. We also find that DNA registration increases the likelihood that offenders find employment, enroll in education, and live in a more stable family environment. (JEL J22, J24, K42)
Ο Ρόλος των Βιολογικών και Γενετικών Παραγόντων στο Επίπεδο της Ευφυΐας
Authors: Ντόφη Βασιλική , Νιαστή Καλομοίρα , Αντωνίου Αλέξανδρος-Σταμάτιος
Published: September 2021

Πολλοί ερευνητές έχουν στραφεί στη μελέτη του εγκεφάλου ως τη βάση της θεώρησης της νοημοσύνης και της μέτρησής της. Πολλές πτυχές της ανατομίας του εγκεφάλου και της Φυσιολογίας έχουν προταθεί ως ενδεχομένως σχετικές με τη νοημοσύνη. Οι διακλαδώσεις των νευρώνων στον εγκεφαλικό φλοιό, ο μεταβολισμός της εγκεφαλικής γλυκόζης, η ταχύτητα μεταφοράς νευρικών σημάτων αποτελούν κάποιους από τους παράγοντες της Φυσιολογίας που έχει βρεθεί ότι σχετίζονται με τη νοημοσύνη. Σχετικά με τη γενετική προέλευση της νοημοσύνης, αποτελέσματα ερευνών δείχνουν κυρίως ότι η κληρονομικότητα ασκεί μία ισχυρότερη επίδραση σε σχέση με το περιβάλλον στις νοητικές διαφορές. Επικεντρώνονται σε ποικίλες περιπτώσεις διδύμων, όπως σε μονοζυγωτικούς διδύμους και διζυγωτικούς διδύμους, σε βιολογικά και ετεροθαλή αδέλφια, κάθε ζεύγος από τα οποία ανατράφηκε μαζί ή χωριστά από τη βρεφική ηλικία ή αργότερα στη ζωή. Τέλος, τα τελευταία χρόνια, ορισμένες έρευνες διερευνούν την έκθεση στο αλκοόλ κατά την εγκυμοσύνη ως παράγοντα για την κατοπινή μείωση της νοημοσύνης των παιδιών, ενώ άλλες απενεχοποιούν τη μέθοδο της εξωσωματικής γονιμοποίησης και συγκεκριμένα της ICSI, αφού τα αποτελέσματα σχεδόν απέκλεισαν οποιαδήποτε καθυστέρηση στη νοητική ανάπτυξη του παιδιού.
Prevalence and characteristics of cancer patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Sitanggang Johan S. , Siregar Kamal B. , Sitanggang Henry H. , Sprinse Vinolina Noverita
Published: September 2021

Background: Cancer patients are considered susceptible to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to an immunosuppressive state. This study determined the prevalence of cancer in COVID-19 patients, severe events, case fatality rate, history of anticancer therapy associated with severe events, and type of cancer in cancer patients with COVID-19 in the world.

Methods: This study used a meta-analysis study approach, sourcing studies from various countries related to cancer and COVID-19. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select studies. A PRISMA flowchart was presented to assess the selection process. Data from inclusion studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.

Results: The prevalence of cancer in COVID-19 patients was 4.63% (95% CI, 3.78-5.49%) worldwide. The lowest prevalence was the Asian study group with 2.36% (95% CI, 1.86-2.87%) and the highest prevalence was the European study group with 10.93% (95% CI, 6.62-15.24%). About 43.26% (95% CI, 34.71-51.80%) of cancer patients with COVID-19 experienced severe events of COVID-19. In total, 58.13% (95% CI, 42.79-73.48%) of cancer patients with COVID-19 who in the last month had a history of anticancer therapy experienced severe events. The prevalence of lung cancer in cancer patients with COVID-19 was 20.23% (95% CI, 7.67-32.78%). Forest plots are also presented related to the results of meta-analysis research.

Conclusions: High prevalence of cancer among COVID-19 patients indicates the susceptibility of cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cancer in COVID-19 patients and use of anticancer therapy increase severe events of COVID-19.
Failure Risk Model of Sustainable Solid Waste Management at The University in Indonesia using Dynamic System Approach
Authors: Rimantho Dino , Hidayah Nur Yulianti , Herzanita Ayu , Sandi Anggina
Published: September 2021

Background - One of the problems encountered by all universities in realizing a sustainable Green Campus is solid waste management due to its complex and dynamic nature, which is known to have the potential risks of failure. 

Aim – Application of a dynamic modeling approach with the FMEA and AHP methods to eliminate the risk associated with the inability of universities to process solid waste.  

Methods– Data on risk factors and alternative evaluation methods were collected from five experts from various fields. 

Results – The results of the risk assessment by experts show some of the highest risk values are associated with Technological Infrastructure, with a risk value of around 900, and the lowest risk is associated with Regulation collisions with a risk value of around 378. The results provided adequate information on the increased risk of each factor from 2019 to 2030 with verified moderate and optimistic conditions models comprising significant values of approximately 0.009 and 0.0273, respectively. This study assists higher education management in decreasing risk failure in the region by creating simulation models that will likely be utilized for scenario analysis in the future. The System Dynamic model's entire approach proved helpful in accomplishing long-term solid waste management in universities. Other dynamic insights that assisted universities improve their knowledge of solid waste management systems. 

Research limitations– Further study needs to be conducted in the dynamic model to obtain a more comprehensive and detailed result. This is because the developed model provided an overview that needs further improvement, especially concerning several quantitative data, towards obtaining the adequate method for sustainable solid waste management. 

Originality/value – This research used the hybrid method and AHP techniques to analyze solid waste in universities which were developed into a dynamic system model. However, further research is needed to enhance this hybrid method.
Prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Saeed Hager Moustafa , Mohammad Amr Eman , Rezk Lotfy Rezk Alshaimaa , Abd Elmoneim Wesam
Published: September 2021

Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) are associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population.

Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients’ medical records were also evaluated.  The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization.

Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in LE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. 74.3% of the patients had oral candidiasis. The prevalence of skin lesions in LE patients was 37.6%. The most common finding was malar rash 79%.

Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with LE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of LE a widespread state associated with an increased risk of cancer. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients’ nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.
A long way to go: engagement of men and boys in country family planning commitments and implementation plans
Authors: Hook Christopher , Hardee Karen , Shand Tim , Jordan Sandra , Greene Margaret E.
Published: September 2021

Background: To reach global goals related to women and girls’ access to modern family planning (FP) and gender equality, evidence shows that it is critical to understand and account for the role of men and boys as users of reproductive health services, as partners for millions of women & girls around the world, and as advocates in their communities. Under the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, countries were encouraged to develop costed implementation plans and action plans in an effort to provide 120 million additional women and girls with contraception. As FP2020 becomes FP2030, reviewing these previously-developed strategies helps understand the extent to which countries considered the engagement of men as an important aspect of their family planning portfolios.

Methods: We conducted textual analysis on commitments and implementation plans related to achieving FP2020 commitments in six countries in Africa and one in Asia to determine the extent to which male engagement was incorporated into country or subnational family planning goals, with particular focus on FP policy, program, and financial commitments. 

Results: Some of the documents analyzed included robust plans for including male engagement in their efforts to expand access to FP.  The strongest aspects of male engagement programming were those that sought to engage men as advocates for women’s access to and use of FP services, and improve their knowledge and attitudes related to contraception and reproduction. The weakest aspects were engaging men as users of services and, vitally, tackling underlying gender norms which hamper men’s and women’s health-seeking behaviors and attitudes.

Conclusions: Developing FP programs that target men and boys as people deserving of reproductive health services, as partners with women in building their families, and as social activists in their communities, will complement and strengthen existing FP programs as well as promote broader goals related to gender equality.
COVID-19 vs. stakeholder engagement: the impact of coronavirus containment measures on stakeholder involvement in European energy research projects
Authors: Süsser Diana , Ceglarz Andrzej , Stavrakas Vassilis , Lilliestam Johan
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected societies and economies around the world, and the scientific community is no exception. Whereas the importance of stakeholder engagement in research has grown quickly the consequences of the pandemic on this has so far not been empirically studied. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on European energy research, in particular the stakeholder work, during the first wave of the coronavirus in spring and summer 2020. We pose the research questions: (i) How much of a problem are the coronavirus containment measures for stakeholder engagement? (ii) How have researchers coped with the situation, and (iii) How do they evaluate alternative stakeholder activities implemented? We conducted an online survey among European energy research projects with stakeholder engagement between June and August 2020. We found that only one of six engagement activities could be implemented as planned, whereas almost half were cancelled or delayed. The most common coping strategies were changing involvement formats – mainly to webinars or online workshops – or postponement. Whereas respondents are largely satisfied with one-to-one and unidirectional online formats, such as webinars, online interviews, and online surveys, they see interactive group activities as less suitable for online engagement.  Most respondents plan to continue using online formats to complement, but not to replace, physical meetings in future research. All long-term effects remain to be seen, but given the postponement of many stakeholder involvement activities, many projects may face problems at later stages of their realisation. These findings suggest that the pandemic may have catalysed a rapid introduction of specific online formats in academic stakeholder interaction processes.
INFLUENCE OF FIRM SIZE, LEVERAGE, PROFITABILITY, AND DIVIDEND POLICY ON FIRM VALUE OF COMPANIES IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Prasetya Margono Ferdy , Gantino Rilla
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to acquire empirical proof on the impact of firm size, leverage, profitability, and dividend policy on the firm value of the consumer goods industry in the food & beverage sub-sector listed on IDX in 2016-2019. Firm size is calculated by Ln of total sales, leverage is calculated by the Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), profitability is calculated by Return On Equity (ROE), dividend policy is calculated by Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), and firm value is calculated by Price to Book Value (PBV). The methodology used purposive sampling. The number of samples used in this research were 10 consumer goods industry companies in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the IDX during 2016-2019. The data source of this research comes from the company’s yearly financial reports. This research uses a quantitative oncoming with multiple linear regression analysis methods. The resumes of this research found that firm size, leverage, profitability, and dividend policy simultaneously influence firm value; firm size has no impact on company value; leverage has a positive impact on company value; profitability has a positive impact on company value; and dividend policy has a positive impact on company value.
Special Issue of Scientia et Fides on Experimental Psychology and the Notion of Personhood
Authors: Franck Juan Francisco , Harrower Scott , Peterson Ryan
Published: September 2021

"More recently, cognitive psychologists have used the resources of psychological science to study the foundations of religion, and to discuss and possibly illuminate issues of concern for theologians. The new field, known as the cognitive science of religion (CSR), draws from work by Ernest Thomas Lawson, Robert McCauley, Pascal Boyer and Justin Barrett, among others. Many of its scholars are inspired by a spirit of collaborative work with theologians and philosophers of religion, emphasizing the need of serious cross-training between disciplines. Driven by the same spirit, the present issue of Scientia et Fides documents instances of integrative work at the intersection of psychological science and philosophical or theological knowledge, specifically centered around our understanding of what a person is. We hope that, apart from their individual worth, as a whole these contributions will stimulate further interdisciplinary studies, in order to achieve genuine science-engaged philosophy and theology, and a science that is aware of philosophical and theological discussions." (from the introduction)
The Dialogical Self Analogy for the Godhead: Recasting the “God is a Person” Debate
Authors: Harrower Scott
Published: September 2021

May God may be understood and referred to as a “person”? This is a live debate in contemporary theological and philosophical circles. However, despite the attention this debate has received, the vital question of how to account for God’s trinitarian nature has been mostly overlooked. Due to trinitarian concerns about the unqualified use of “person” as an analogy for the Godhead, I intervene in this debate with a two-fold proposal. The first is that proponents of using a person as an analogy for the Godhead will be better served by using a psychologically informed analogy of a “self” instead. In particular, the Dialogical Self model of a person holds much promise. In what follows, I argue that the “Dialogical Self Analogy” for the Godhead is more likely to uphold God’s trinitarian nature, avoid trinitarian confusion and related problems than “person” analogies do. The primary benefit of speaking of God as a Dialogical Self is that it offers a psychologically modelled analogy for God, whilst avoiding the language of person, yet strongly taking into account God’s trinitarian nature. This has the important benefit of preserving the concept and language of “person” for the trinitarian persons (the prosopa/hypostases), and hence avoiding the linguistic, conceptual and ecumenical confusion that arises when referring to the Godhead as a person. The strength of using the model and language of a Dialogical Self as an analogy for the Godhead (instead of person) is demonstrated by showing its compatibility with Erickson’s criteria for describing the Trinity.
Do we Need a Plant Theodicy?
Authors: Strickland Lloyd
Published: September 2021

In recent decades, philosophers and theologians have become increasingly aware of the extent of animal pain and suffering, both past and present, and of the challenge this poses to God’s goodness and justice. As a result, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the discussion and development of animal theodicies, that is, theodicies that aim to offer morally sufficient reasons for animal pain and suffering that are in fact God’s reasons. In this paper, I ask whether there is a need to go even further than this, by considering whether effort should be made to extend theodicy to include plants as well. Drawing upon ideas found in some recent animal theodicies as well as in the work of some environmental ethicists, I offer three arguments for supposing that plants should indeed fall within the purview of theodicy: (1) the argument from non-flourishing as evil, (2) the argument from moral considerability, and (3) the argument from intrinsic value.  I also consider a possible objection to each of these arguments. Having outlined and defended the aforementioned arguments for broadening theodicy to include plants as well as humans and animals, I conclude by considering what a plant theodicy might look like.
¿Incapaces de Dios?
Authors: Moros Claramunt Enrique R.
Published: September 2021

José Cobo maintains that the worldview of contemporary man does not allow him to believe in the sense that the first Christians believed. And he argues that the main cause of that vision has been the development of empirical science. Here I argue that in reality the cause can best be described as an anthropological error, which carries with it a metaphysical deficit. On the other hand, we rectify certain intellectual resources with which we intend to get out of this situation.
Preference–Approval Structures in Group Decision Making: Axiomatic Distance and Aggregation
Authors: Dong Yucheng , Li Yao , He Ying , Chen Xia
Published: September 2021

Preference–approval structure combines the preference information of both ranking and approval, which extends the ordinal preference model by incorporating two categories of choice alternatives, that is, acceptable (good) and unacceptable (bad), in the preference modeling process. In this study, we present some axioms that imply the existence of a unique distance function of preference–approval structures. Based on theoretical analysis and simulation experiments, we further study a preferences aggregation model in the group decision-making context based on the proposed axiomatic distance function. In this model, the group preference is defined as a preference–approval structure that minimizes the sum of its distances to all preference–approval structures of individuals in the group under consideration. Particularly, we show that the group preference defined by the axiomatic distance–based aggregation model has close relationships with the simple majority rule and Cook and Seiford’s ranking.
The Gap Function: Evaluating Integer Programming Models over Multiple Right-Hand Sides
Authors: Ajayi Temitayo , Thomas Christopher , Schaefer Andrew J.
Published: September 2021

For an integer programming model with fixed data, the linear programming relaxation gap is considered one of the most important measures of model quality. There is no consensus, however, on appropriate measures of model quality that account for data variation. In particular, when the right-hand side is not known exactly, one must assess a model based on its behavior over many right-hand sides. Gap functions are the linear programming relaxation gaps parametrized by the right-hand side. Despite drawing research interest in the early days of integer programming, the properties and applications of these functions have been little studied. In this paper, we construct measures of integer programming model quality over sets of right-hand sides based on the absolute and relative gap functions. In particular, we formulate optimization problems to compute the expectation and extrema of gap functions over finite discrete sets and bounded hyperrectangles. These optimization problems are linear programs (albeit of an exponentially large size) that contain at most one special ordered-set constraint. These measures for integer programming models, along with their associated formulations, provide a framework for determining a model’s quality over a range of right-hand sides.
Effect of Channa argus Extracts From Different Extraction Processes on Neuronal Cell Differentiation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Cho Kyoung Hwan , Hah Young-Sool , Kim Eun-Ji , Lee Seung-Jun , Choo Ho Jin , Kang Young Mi , Kim Jong Cheol , Son Yong Hwi , Lee Yeon Jee , Jo Jae Yoon , Cho In Ae
Published: September 2021

The present study provides in vitro evaluations of snakehead (Channa argus) extracts on neuronal cell differentiation and oxidative stress. This study was conducted to analyze the constituents of the extracts prepared using different extraction methods (room temperature extract, RE; green tea room temperature extract, GRE; enzyme room temperature extract, ERE; green tea enzyme room temperature extract, GERE) and to compare their biochemical properties. The contents of total amino acids in ERE and GERE were much higher than RE and GRE from Channa argus. ABTS radical scavenging activities in enzymatic hydrolysates (ERE and GERE) were higher than those of RE and GRE. In addition, RE and ERE caused a marked enhancement of the nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells and the expressions of growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 and synapsin-1. Four types of Channa argus extract were added to PC12 cells damaged by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), after which the survival rate of PC12 cells was measured. The survival rates of PC12 cells were 77.5±1.9%, 84.0±0.8%, 70.4±1.5%, and 81.1±0.9% at RE, GRE, ERE, and GERE, respectively. These cell survival rates were higher than that of the negative control group (70.0±2.0%) treated only with H2O2. Cellular toxicities induced by treatment with H2O2 were also significantly alleviated in response to treatment with RE, GRE, and GERE. Taken together, these results suggest that Channa argus extracts are helpful as a functional material to decrease oxidative stress and neuronal damage.
Development and Characterization of Tteokgalbi Supplemented with Mudfish (Misgurnus mizolepis) Paste
Authors: You Ji Young , Kim Hyun Jin , Lim Jong Jun , Baek Seo Jun , Lee Sung Sil , Choi Joon Ho
Published: September 2021

This study was performed to improve awareness of mudfish and develop tteokgalbi supplemented with mudfish suitable for young ages. Tteokgalbi was produced with flour·starch (control), rice paste was replaced with wheat flour·starch, and mudfish paste was substituted with 5, 10, and 15% of meat and tallow. No differences were found in the moisture content, pH, and Brix of all samples supplemented with rice and mudfish paste. The samples supplemented with rice and mudfish pastes had reduced cooking loss rates compared to the control. The samples supplemented with rice and mudfish pastes increased in both a and b values but decreased in L values compared to the control. The hardness and adhesiveness of the control were higher than in other samples. The adhesiveness of the samples was reduced with an increase in quantities of mudfish pastes. The overall acceptability of samples supplemented with rice and mudfish pastes was better than that of the control, and the proper quantity for substituting mudfish paste appears to be 10%. The unique flavor and taste of mudfish did not affect the sensory evaluation and did not distinguish even in the principal component analysis using an electronic nose. Finally, the mudfish paste was confirmed as a good ingredient for enhancing consumer acceptability in manufacturing tteokgalbi.
Effect of Salted-Fermented Fish Products and Their Alternatives on the Volatile Compound Profiles of Kimchi
Authors: Ahn Sun-Choung , Kwon Taeeun
Published: September 2021

Food safety and environmental sustainability attract the consumer’s interest. Kimchi was fermented with natural ingredients that are expected to replace the salted-fermented fish products (jeotkal), and their effects on volatile aroma properties during fermentation were investigated. The addition of jeotkal and its substitutes to kimchi affected the fermentation speed; however, with the progression of fermentation, sulfur-containing compounds and aldehydes decreased, and fermented products, such as alcohols and acids, increased. The acetic acid level was the lowest in kimchi fermented with jeotkal on the 28th day. As the ratio of acetic acid increased, the acidity increased and pH decreased. Additionally, jeotkal added to kimchi and its substitutes (meat, seafood, and vegetable extracts) that replace jeotkal provide a time difference in fermentation, but as a result, the sensory differences were not affected. Therefore, immediately after preparing kimchi (before fermentation and aging), flavored substances derived from various components may have exerted a sensual effect, but the composition of volatile components in kimchi changed following fermentation. It was considered that the sensory effect of the auxiliary components was decreased upon fermentation. These results could support a replacement of the salted-fermented fish products (jeotkal) in kimchi without a sensory difference.
Effect of Inactivation on Escherichia coli as Panel Materials of Treatment Chamber Used in Intense Pulsed Light Treatment
Authors: Park Juan , Shin Jung-Kue
Published: September 2021

In this study, the inactivation effect of intense pulsed light with the materials of the treatment chamber was investigated. The UV-C light amount of the light source of the control was 3.595 W/m2. The UV-C light quantity of quartz with a thickness of 1 mm was 3.356 W/m2, acrylic 0.878 W/m2, and glass 0.06 W/m2, and the light transmittance was 93.4% for quartz, 24.4 for acrylic, and 1.7% for glass. As for the bactericidal effect of the materials of the treatment chamber, quartz showed the same inactivation effect as the control regardless of material thickness. A 1 mm thick acrylic showed a lethal effect of 1.1 logs after 60 s and 5.0 logs after treatment for 180 s. As the thickness increased, the lethal effect was significantly reduced. Glass had no sterilization effect regardless of its thickness. All of the death curve patterns except for glass showed a bi-phasic form. For the death rate constant and D value, the k 1 was 0.287 s−1, k 2 was 0.072 s−1, D1 value was 8.02 s, and D2 value was 31.87 s. At a thickness of 1 mm, k 1 was 0.284 s−1 and k 2 was 0.069 s−1 for quartz, k 1 was 0.018 s−1 and k 2 was 0.042 s−1 for acrylic, and k was 0.004 s−1 for glass. The D values were D1=8.11 s, D2=33.87 s for quartz, D1=127.94s, D2=54.83 s for acrylic, and D=575.75 s for glass.
Effects of Plant-Based Fat Beads on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Pork Patty
Authors: Kim Haesanna , Jeong Hyeseung , Lee Jiseon , Choi Mi-Jung
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pork backfat replacement using a canola oil emulsion and emulsion beads on pork patty's physicochemical and sensory properties. Formulations of partially fat replacements were processed: control (C), canola oil (O), canola oil, water, and emulsifier (EC), emulsion (E), low-fat (LF), hydrogel bead (BC), emulsion bead (EB). Compared with the C, the hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness showed significantly reduced in all samples (p<0.05). The bead-treated group showed the lowest shrinkage value (p<0.05) and was similar to the appearance of the C. Moreover, the bead-treated group showed significantly reduced cooking loss and increased water holding capacity than the C (p<0.05). These results were affected at sensorial preference, and the emulsion bead-added patty scored high in tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability. In conclusion, the fat replacement with plant-based fat beads showed feasibility for low-fat technology application in meat products.
Treatment Period of High-Pressure Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Key Factor Determining the Quality of High-Pressure Enzymatic Hydrolysates from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) Larvae
Authors: Kim Tae-Eun , Cho Yong-Jin , Kim Bum-Keun
Published: September 2021

Hydrolyzed proteins have an advantage over intact proteins in terms of their rate of digestion and absorption. The high-pressure enzymatic extraction (HPE) method has been shown to improve the quality characteristics of hydrolysates from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) larvae (PBSL). This study investigated the effects of the HPE treatment period, a key candidate factor, on the quality characteristics of PBSL HPE hydrolysates. The hydrolysates were prepared by HPE for 0, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h under optimized conditions—solid:solvent ratio (1:14 [w/v]), using complex proteases (Alcalase:Flavorzyme:Bromelain = 1:1:1, 4%), treatment temperature (50°C), and pressure level (100 MPa). All quality characteristics tended to be superior with longer HPE treatment periods, most of which had the highest values at 30 h, with no significant difference or a slight decrease after that. The quality characteristics of the PBSL HPE hydrolysates were improved by 1.3-1.7 times under conditions of optimal HPE treatment period.
Correction of PZT scanner errors using a phase compensation method in white-light phase-shifting interferometry
Authors: Kim Namyoon , Kwon Soonyang
Published: September 2021

White-light phase-shifting interferometry (WLPSI) is widely used for obtaining surface
profiles of inspection targets in liquid-crystal
displays (LCD) and semiconductor manufacturing processes. Phase errors
caused by irregular and nonlinear scanner movement are inevitable in
WLPSI. Moreover, these errors affect the measurement stability. It is
difficult to eliminate the mechanical and electrical delay of scanner
movement entirely. A novel method, to the best of our knowledge, is
proposed that consists of a scanner position tracking system and a
phase correction algorithm called compensated peak detection and
modified bucket algorithm. The proposed method is experimentally
verified and outperforms the conventional phase corrections in both
the measurement accuracy and the repeatability.
Theoretical verification of a silicon-wire flat-spectral-band wavelength filter based on multimode interference couplers with symmetric and asymmetric splitting ratios for the broadband operating range
Authors: Jeong Seok-Hwan
Published: September 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, device scheme for a silicon-nanowire flat-spectral-band wavelength optical filter is proposed and theoretically demonstrated. The proposed wavelength filter is composed of cascade-connected multiple delayed interference optical delay lines, together with several multimode interference couplers with symmetric and asymmetric splitting ratios. Theoretical calculations based on analytic and numerical simulations exhibit flatband spectra over a wavelength range of >80 nm with potentially better production yield for arbitrary channel spacing.
Temperature-dependent characteristics of infrared photodetectors based on surface-state absorption in silicon
Authors: Zhang Ziyu , Wang Zhao , Zou Kai , Yang Tianxin , Hu Xiaolong
Published: September 2021

At various temperatures, ranging from 25°C to 50°C, we characterized two types of photodetectors based on surface-state absorption in silicon: (1) contactless integrated photonic probes (CLIPPs) and (2) normal-incidence photoconductors. Both types of photodetectors exhibited temperature-dependent AC admittance without illumination. With illumination at telecommunication wavelengths near 1550 nm, in the temperature range we measured, the photoresponse of CLIPPs, i.e., the variance of admittance due to illumination, was relatively insensitive to temperature changes; in comparison, the temperature dependence of the photoresponse of normal-incidence photoconductors was more pronounced—their responsivity increased as temperature raised.
3–6  µm dispersive mirrors compensating for dispersion introduced by the GaAs crystal
Authors: Chen Yu , Hahner Daniel , Pervak Vladimir
Published: September 2021

A new broadband dispersive mirror (DM), which consists of Si and

S
i
O

2

layer materials operating in the spectral range of 3–6 µm, is developed for the first time, to our knowledge. The DM is able to compensate for the dispersion of a 0.5 mm thick GaAs crystal per bounce. Pulse analysis proves that the compensation effect of the DM is much better than a

C
a
F

2

plate, which is the commonly used dispersion compensation element in mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators (MIR OPOs), and the new MIR DM could improve the MIR OPO spectrum with better pulse quality and short pulse duration.
Absorption and emission cross-sections, Stark energy levels, and temperature dependent gain of Yb:QX phosphate glass
Authors: Brown David C. , Tomasello Nicholas S. , Hancock Christopher L.
Published: September 2021

We have obtained the absolute absorption cross-sections of Yb-doped phosphate QX laser glass at 300 K from 800-1100 nm, and generated the emission cross-sections via the standard method of reciprocity. By generating nine detailed high-confidence fitting functions for the absorption cross-sections, we then applied reciprocity to the individual absorption functions and obtain, for the first time to our knowledge, nine corresponding detailed emission functions that when summed, display a more accurate representation of the emission cross-sections as a function of wavelength than the standard method. A deeper mathematical understanding of reciprocity is also presented, along with derived Yb:QX Stark levels.
MEMS-based linear micromirror array with a high filling factor for spatial light modulation
Authors: Xiao Xingchen , Dong Xue , Yu Yiting
Published: September 2021

A smart digital micromirror device (DMD) was employed to realize the on-chip scanning in versatile hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems in our previous research. However, the rotation manner around the diagonal of the DMD makes the imaging subsystem and the spectral dispersion subsystem unable to be in the same horizontal surface. This leads to the difficulty in designing the opto-mechanical structures, system assembly and adjustment of the light path to a certain extent. On the other hand, the HSI system also needs a larger space to accommodate the two subsystems simultaneously since either of them has to incline against the horizontal surface. Moreover, there exists the interference of the reflected light between the adjacent micromirrors during the scanning process performed by the DMD, causing the loss of optical information about the object. Here, a novel linear micromirror array (MMA) based on the microelectromechanical system process that rotates around one lateral axis of the micromirror is developed, which is helpful to simplify the optical system of HSI and obtain more optical information about the detected target. The MMA has 32 independent linear micromirrors across an aperture of 5mm×6.5mm, under which there are dimple structures and a common bottom electrode. Finally, the MMA with a 98.6% filling factor is successfully fabricated by employing the bulk micromachining process. The experimental results show that the maximum rotational angle is 5.1° at a direct current driving voltage of 30 V. The proposed micromirror array is promising to replace the DMD and shows potential as a spatial light modulator in the fields of hyperspectral imaging, optical communication, and so on.
Perceptual-driven approach to statically foveated head-mounted displays
Authors: Lyu Pengyinjie , Hua Hong
Published: September 2021

A foveated display is a promising technique to realize displays offering both a large field of view (FOV) and high spatial resolution. Although several prior works have attempted to apply a foveation method to the design of a head-mounted display (HMD) system, the common method is based on a dual-resolution dynamic foveation scheme which is inevitably complex and has a high cost due to the requirements for multiple display sources, a 2D steering mechanism, and eye tracker. In this paper, a new perceptual-driven approach to the design of a statically foveated HMD is proposed with the goal of offering a wide FOV across which the degradation of the perceived image resolution is nearly imperceptible or minimal within regions of frequent eye movements. Compared to a dual-resolution discrete and dynamic foveation approach in the prior art, the static foveation approach will not only maintain resolution continuity but also eliminate the need for a scanning mechanism, multiple display sources, and an eyetracker, and therefore minimize hardware complexity. We present the general approach for creating a static foveation scheme, performance metrics for evaluating the perceived image quality, and the process of optimizing a foveation scheme to meet different requirements. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate and validate the proposed foveation scheme using a testbed system. Overall, we demonstrate a statically foveated scheme is capable of offering a display with a total 160° FOV, a constant resolution of 0.5 or 1 arcminutes per pixel within the ±10° region where frequent eye movements occur, an adequate resolution no less than 45% of peak resolution within the parafovea region of ±30°, and a data sampling efficiency as high as 90%.