bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZER BASED ON THE BEHAVIOR MODEL OF A COLONY OF SOCIAL SPIDERS
Authors: Kureichik V. V. , Rodzin S. I.
Published: January 2023

A metaheuristic optimizer is proposed that simulates patterns of behavior of a spider colony for solving optimization problems of multidimensional multiextremal functions. The optimizer allows not only to simulate various types of agent behavior, but also includes computational mechanisms to maintain a balance between the convergence rate of the algorithm and the diversity of the solution search space. Such mechanisms are the identification of patterns of individual and collective behavior of spiders, the addition of attractive operators. Search agents in the algorithm are individually controlled by a set of different attractive search operators based on the patterns of individual and collective behavior of agents, as well as the mechanisms of population selection used. The effectiveness of the algorithm is analyzed using a series of experiments for the problems of finding a global minimum on a set of several wellknown test functions: spherical, Schwefel, Rosenbrock, sum of squares, Rastrigin and Salomon. The results were compared with competing bioheuristics for optimizing the swarm of particles and bee colonies by such indicators as the average best solution, median best solution and standard deviation from the best solution. The accuracy of the algorithm and the time to find a solution turned out to be higher than that of competing algorithms. A nonparametric proof of the statistical significance of the results obtained using the Wilcoxon T-test for independent samples found by each of the compared algorithms on a set of test runs was carried out. Experimental results suggest that the results of the proposed algorithm are statistically significant, they did not happen by chance. This is due to the achieved balance between the convergence rate of the algorithm and the diversity of the solution search space.
GEOMETRIC MODELING OF THE CONTOUR ARCS PASSING THROUGH THE PREDEFINED POINTS
Authors: Konopatskiy E. V.
Published: January 2023

Multidimensional interpolation is an important scientific task in demand of various science fields and technology. The geometrical theory of multidimensional interpolation has been further developed in terms of extending the shaping tools of geometrical modeling at the expense of the contour arcs passing through the predefined points. The proposed method is based on modification of Bezier’s curve with preservation of tangents in its initial and/or final points. Then the Bezier curve retains its geometrical properties of the arc, but additionally has the possibility to pass through several points set in advance. Examples are given of modifying a 5th-order Bezier curve arc into a curve arc passing through four predefined points and a 3rd-order Bezier curve arc passing through three predefined points and having a tangent in the initial point, which is proposed to be used as the onion dome surface forming arc. Such a method helps to reduce the piecewise character of composite curves when building curves. The introduction of such research results into computeraided design and solid-state modeling (CAD/CAM) systems will allow to expand their toolbox in terms of shaping surfaces and solids of technical shapes of various purposes.
COMPUTER DESIGN OF ROUTES OF LINEAR STRUCTURES USING ALGORITHMS SPLINE-APPROXIMATIONS OF MULTIPLE-VALUED FUNCTIONS. PART 1
Authors: Karpov D. A. , Smirnov S. S. , Struchenkov V. I.
Published: January 2023

The problem of converting a flat broken line into a spline, whose elements are arcs of circles conjugated by line segments, is considered. This problem arises when designing the plan and profile of the routes of linear structures. For such structures as trenches for laying pipelines for various purposes, it has independent significance, as well as in the design of the longitudinal profile of railways and highways. When designing a road alignment plan, the solution of this problem is considered as the first step in solving a more complex problem in which clothoids are used to pair arcs of circles and straight lines. With regard to the design of the longitudinal profile of roads, the problem of approximation by a spline with circles was solved earlier. The principal feature of the problem under consideration in relation to the design of the route plan is that the spline is a multivalued function and the previously developed algorithm is unsuitable. The problem is considered in the presence of restrictions on the parameters of the spline and an unknown number of its elements. It is proposed at the first stage to determine the number of spline elements, and at the second stage to optimize its parameters. As an objective function, a simple or weighted sum of squared deviations of the initial points (polyline nodes) from the spline is used. The article considers the first stage, taking into account the features of the approximation of multivalued functions. Implemented dynamic programming algorithm; the result is an initial guess for the non-linear programming algorithm. Fundamentally new is the calculation of the derivatives of the objective function with respect to the parameters that determine the position of the spline in the absence of its analytical expression through these parameters. The next article will be devoted to the solution of the problem at the second stage.
THE USE OF MARKOV ALGORITHMS FOR THE STUDY OF l-VOIDS IN BIG DATA OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS. PART 2
Authors: Konovalov V. A.
Published: January 2023

The second part of the article is presented. Big data l-voids are considered using the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm. The diagrams of occurrences of l-voids in a semi-Eulerian cycle containing an Euler path, a matroid and an incomplete Fano matroid, minors K3, 3 and K5, an extra large cycle of occurrences are analyzed. An example of reconstructing a fragment of an incomplete Fano matroid with l-voids is considered. Examples are given for independent implementation of the method of filling the artificial intelligence database (AnwM f typeK) DB based on the results of the analysis of l-voids in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm. The database is populated using a formal language with the alphabet M = litj/abdgckm where litj are terminal elements, abdgckm are non-terminal elements, and the basis of the alphabet is i – initial, t – terminal, j – isomorphic, l-empty morphisms. The p – initial, e – simple, and h – final occurrences of words from the Markov alphabet A are determined. An example of a simplified numbering of occurrence chains is given, which ensures the selection of all objects represented by words in the Markov alphabet A, belonging to “their own” chain of occurrences, as well as all related to chain object. The mechanism of dynamic change of the number-type in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm is presented, which provides the analysis of the word as an evolving category, as well as the evolution of categories, which includes such a word. It has been established that normal Markov inference is characterized by temporal conditionality and locality. The conclusion is made about the expediency of considering the N-scheme in a distributed computing system. In this case, it is necessary to analyze the diagrams of occurrences of objects that have several designations with words from the Markov alphabet A, in order to identify them and process data from such objects.
ALGORITHM FOR IDENTIFYING GLAUKOMA IN HUMAN RETINAL IMAGES
Authors: Komkova S. V.
Published: January 2023

Glaucoma is a disease of the human eye that causes blindness. It is one of the most important causes of vision loss worldwide. Despite the fact that glaucoma belongs to currently incurable diseases, with timely diagnosis, its progression can be stopped. At the moment, the diagnosis of glaucoma is based on time-consuming manual observations. Therefore, the development of computer methods of its detection can help ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of the disease. The most important elements of the retina of the eye are: the optical bowl, the optical disk and the neuroretinal edge. They can be used to diagnose many diseases of the retina, including glaucoma. In this article an algorithm for recognizing glaucoma is proposed based on calculating the ratio of the diameter of the optical bowl to the diameter of the optical disk. To do this the optical disk and the optical bowl are segmented using an area-building algorithm, after which the results of their segmentation are combined. To do this, the logical operation OR is used. The resulting final image is approximated using a circular approximation. This algorithm is simple and computationally efficient. The algorithm was tested on images taken from four databases: HRF, DIARETDB1, DRIONS-DB, Messidor. The average values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 91,67, 94,47 and 93,52 % respectively. This allows us to conclude, that this algorithm identifies glaucoma well in retinal images. It can be used as a tool in computer diagnostics of eye diseases.
COMPUTER DESIGN OF ROUTES OF LINEAR STRUCTURES USING ALGORITHMS SPLINE-APPROXIMATIONS OF MULTIPLE-VALUED FUNCTIONS. Part 2
Authors: Karpov D. A. , Smirnov S. S. , Struchenkov V. I.
Published: January 2023

The article is the end of the previously published article, which considered the first stage of solving the problem of approximation by a spline, consisting of arcs of circles conjugated by straight lines, a multivalued function given by a sequence of points on the plane. At this stage, using dynamic programming, the number of spline elements and the approximate values of its parameters are determined. This article considers the second stage: optimization of spline parameters using nonlinear programming algorithms. The result of the first stage is used as the initial approximation for the iterative process. Target function: the sum of the squared deviations of the given points from the desired spline. The variables that determine the position of the spline and the deviations of the given points from it are the lengths of line segments, circular arcs and their radii. These variables are subject to constraints in the form of inequalities. There may also be restrictions on deviations of individual points from the spline. An analysis of the features of the problem is given, the main of which is that the objective function is not expressed analytically in terms of variable lengths and radii. Nevertheless, formulas are given for calculating its partial derivatives with respect to these variables. A non-linear programming algorithm has been implemented, in which restrictions on element lengths and radii are taken into account when calculating the direction of descent, and restrictions (equalities and inequalities) for deviations of given points from the spline are taken into account using the modified Lagrange function (MFL). Due to the “ravine” nature of the MFL, the conjugate gradient algorithm is first used (for descending into the “ravine”), and then the wellknown DFP algorithm that uses the descent directions built on the iterations passed to construct a matrix approximate to the inverse matrix of second derivatives. The purpose of the article is to present a mathematical model and algorithms for optimizing the parameters of a spline approximating multivalued functions that represent the routes of linear structures. With regard to the design of structures such as trenches for laying pipelines for various purposes, irrigation network channels, the resulting spline is the final solution. With regard to the design of the railway. and a.d. the formulas for calculating partial derivatives given in the article have to be generalized to the case of a spline, in which circles are conjugated with straight lines using a clothoid.
SYNTHESIS OF THE REWARD FUNCTION IN REINFORCED LEARNING WITH COGNITIVE GRAPHICS
Authors: Sakulin S. A. , Alfimtsev A. N.
Published: January 2023

In recent years, reinforcement learning methods have become increasingly important for many applied areas. Such learning assumes the presence of a reward function. The reward should be the higher, the more the agent’s behavior corresponds to the desired one. At the same time, in many cases, the reward function is built axiomatically, by expert selection of one of the most widely used functions based on a superficial analysis of the subject area. This situation is due to cognitive difficulties encountered by an expert in the process of constructing reward functions, especially for a large number of arguments. At the same time, the reward function can be represented as an aggregation operator, since the range of valid values of any criterion can be reduced to a unit interval by an appropriate linear transformation. Thus, the task of constructing a reward function can be reduced to the task of constructing an aggregation operator with given properties. To ensure the intuitive clarity of the process of constructing aggregation operators, a method for their visualization using 3D-cognitive graphics has been developed. This article proposes a method for synthesizing the reward function for reinforcement learning, which includes the mentioned visualization. The synthesis method includes two procedures, which are sequences of steps performed by an expert, each of which requires him to take specific actions. An experiment was set up to test the effectiveness of the developed method. During this experiment, the synthesis of the reward function and reinforcement learning of agents based on the synthesized function were implemented in the multiagent machine learning environment of the StarCraft II computer game. Training was conducted for the standard StarCraft II reward function and for the reward function built using the proposed procedure.
EXPERIMANTAL RESEARCHES OF OPERATOR-PILOT PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIS ACTIONS SUPPORT
Authors: Titkov O. S. , Borodai I. Yu. , Martynov S. A. , Matyushenko V. G. , Sizov P. S. , Matuhnova N. S.
Published: January 2023

Efficiency is an external manifestation of a person’s ability to perform purposeful activities of any kind, including professional activities. The main performance indicator is its level recorded by the on-board monitoring system in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) of the operator-pilot. A feature of the implemented approach in assessing the PL (performance level) indicator (in addition to obtaining a generalized integral indicator at the time of completion of the flight task) is that current indicators are used at different phases of the flight task, due to which the history of PL is tracked in the dynamics of changes in the working state with the identification of situations in which the support is required. Ensuring and maintaining the health (capacity) of the operator-pilot in the remote telepsychophysiological interactive interface mode “Pilot in the cockpit of the aircraft – flight director at the command point” showed the high efficiency of the proposed technology, tested at KPM-V. Such an interface was implemented on the basis of a broadband communication channel – information exchange as part of the KPM-V, and the flight director at the command point (CP) has the opportunity to prototype the situation and its development in order to develop more reliable expert recommendations to the operator-pilot. The interface, including the developed on-board biofeedback system, presents on its monitor of information signs of the external manifestation of the operator’s states in terms of the frequency and nature of respiratory movements. Changes in the structure of the wave respiratory packet spoke about the state of the operator and his performance. Comparison of these data in a single time with the HRV indicators made it possible to qualify the situation as the transition of the operator into a state of working stress, developing fatigue and overwork. The results of a semi-natural experiment with specific expert support (recommendations) of the operator-pilot performing low-altitude flight in difficult weather conditions with the search for objects of interest showed that suggesting a more advantageous maneuver for entering the zone of possible active actions from the CP made it possible to reduce the current level of performance at the time of support, not allow its predicted decrease by 20…30 % and increase the time for making a decision and its implementation by 10…13 s. At the same time, the reliability of the expert forecast of the operator’s PL according to the data of the analysis of the respiratory wave packet on the thermograms of the face was 70…90 %. The conducted cycle of research on the problem of the operator-pilot’s performance, its provision and support is not only of research interest, but can be used in the ergonomic examination of aviation equipment and the design of the crew’s work activities.
DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF COMPUTER VISION ALGORITHMS FOR IMAGE ANALYSIS OF DEFORMED ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Shagalova P. A. , Savkin A. E. , Sokolova E. S.
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of the development and research of algorithms for analyzing images obtained by blood microscopy using computer vision technologies. The objects of the study are images of erythrocytes deformed in the shear flow. The deformability of erythrocytes largely determines the nature of blood microcirculation and therefore is directly related to the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. At the current moment image analysis of the evaluation of blood cells deformations is usually performed visually by medical technicians. To automate the image processing process various technologies were investigated. As a result, a new computer vision approach for rapid and accurate recognition of erythrocytes deformed in shear flow is presented. The developed algorithms use image binarization and a neural network based on the U-Net architecture for separated erythrocytes, and a neural network based on the StarDist architecture for their conglomerates. We present the results of the algorithms on real lood microscopy images, compare their performance and discuss the practical applications in medical diagnostics. Evaluation of the distribution of erythrocytes by deformability will provide additional diagnostic and scientific information for medical research. Automation of image analysis of deformed images will increase the accuracy and simultaneously reduce the time and cost of tests, leading to a better patient treatment.
METHODOLOGY FOR QUORUM CONTROL OF THE REDUNDANT IRS SIGNALS IN THE MAIN MODE OF THE CIVIL AIRCRAFT CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Savelev A. S. , Neretin E. S.
Published: January 2023

Modern civil aircraft control systems operate, as a rule, in two modes - main and standby. The main control mode provides full control functionality with appropriate limitation for the flight crew due to the presence of redundant signals from interacting systems (such as IRS, ADS etc.). The standby mode provides control of the main control surfaces, allowing to continued safe flight and landing, but loses most of the protective functions. The redundancy of signals from interacting systems and their monitoring makes it possible to avoid the loss of the main mode of the flight control system due to single failures. Monitoring of the signals of interacting three-channel systems is ensured mainly by voting quorum up to the second failure, which is not a practically improbable event in terms of CS-25. These methods include the method of calculating the average value and the method of calculating the median value of redundant signals. In this paper, we propose a technique for quoruming triple redundant systems that provides control up to the third failure. The technique consists in using a confidence parameter for each channel of the interacting system, depending directly on its previous values (ie, monitor by value history). The results show that the use of this methodology will reduce the probability of switching to a standby control mode by almost one order of magnitude (and becomes an almost improbable event), as well as improve economic performance by increasing the Minimum Equipment List.
AN ALGORITHM OF THE COLLECTIVE INTERACTION OF INTELLIGENT AGENTS IN CENTRALIZED MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Dubenko Yu. V.
Published: January 2023

A centralized multiagent system based on the methods of feudal reinforcement learning, including agents-managers and agents-subordinates, is considered. A brief review of the author’s previous works on this topic is given. The standard algorithm for the functioning of systems of this type is considered, including the translation of the decision maker to agents-managers, the division of tasks by agents-managers into a set of subtasks, the choice by the agent-manager of the strategy used, the formation of reward functions by agents-managers, the assignment of tasks to agents-subordinates, the execution by agents-subordinates assigned tasks. The main problems of this algorithm are presented, changes are made to ensure the possibility of automatically assigning agent-managers and forming groups of subordinate agents around them, reproducing and exchanging experience. More attention is paid to the problem of experience exchange, the main ways of experience exchange are given. The principles of operation of a machine vision system that implements an upgraded algorithm are described. An assessment of the effectiveness of the obtained algorithm for the collective interaction of intelligent agents using a software model developed in Microsoft Unity is given. A comparison is made between the standard algorithm for multiagent interaction and the proposed algorithm for the collective interaction of intelligent agents in centralized multi-agent systems based on the approach of reinforcement learning and visualization of three-dimensional scenes. The conclusion is made about the expediency of using the developed algorithmt.
INVESTIGATION OF AN OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEM FOR DETECTING SMALL-SIZED AND INCONSPICUOUS OBJECTSUNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRIC NOISE OF A MATRIX PHOTODETECTOR
Authors: Makhov V. E. , Shirobokov V. V. , Emelyanov A. V. , Potapov A. I.
Published: January 2023

The basis for reducing the accuracy of obtaining coordinate and non-coordinate information in an optical-electronic system with a matrix photo detector is geometric noise caused by uneven sensitivity and topology of the photodiode matrix. The presented mathematical model of a matrix photodetector based on the geometric array of photodiodes takes into account the main geometric parameters of the topology of the photodiode matrix. The questions of the accuracy of determining coordinates for small-sized and hardly noticeable light objects comparable to the size of a raster by the method of continuous wavelet transforms of signals from a photodiode array are considered. The possibility of geometric noise filtering by the method of continuous wavelet transform is shown by excluding from the scalogram the range of wavelet transform scales corresponding to the period of the geometric raster. It is shown that the algorithms of continuous wavelet transforms provide an increase in the accuracy of extracting the information component of small-sized and inconspicuous objects observed by an optoelectronic system with a matrix photodetector. A software prototype in the NI LabVIEW application development environment is presented. A technique has been developed for carrying out computational experiments to estimate the accuracy of determining the coordinate depending on the position of a small-sized light object relative to the topological raster of a matrix photodetector, as well as to estimate the detection sensitivity at a given noise level of photodiodes. An assessment of the accuracy of obtaining coordinate and non-coordinate information by a matrix photodetector under the influence of geometric noise has been carried out. It has been established that the filtering of geometric noise provides an increase in the detectivity of the optoelectronic system for detecting small-sized and inconspicuous light objects by more than one and a half times.
APPLICATION OF PROJECTION ALGORITHMS FOR GEOMETRIC MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES
Authors: Konopatskiy E. V. , Lagunova M. V. , Rotkov S. I. , Veretennikova O. V. , Bezditnyi A. A.
Published: January 2023

The article proposes an approach to systematization, modeling and optimization of multidimensional statistical data based on the use of projection algorithms for computer modeling. The proposed approach is presented on the example of computer modeling and optimization of socio-economic data, but it can also be effectively used to systematize and analyze other experimental statistical data. It consists the fact that the original multidimensional data are presented in the form of projections on the Radishchev’s complex drawing in the form of curved lines system. Then, on the indicator curve, the optimal value of the socio-economic indicator is selected (as a rule, this is one of the extrema of the function) and the value of the time at which it was reached is fixed. Here, the indicator curve is understood as the curve corresponding to the response function, and the factor curve is the curves corresponding to the factors influencing the response function. Further, a scientific hypothesis is put forward that the joint interaction of factors recorded at a given moment in time ensures the optimal value of the socio-economic indicator. Thus, we obtain the optimal values of the factors influencing the response function, which in this case is the socio-economic indicator. The interaction between the indicator curve and the factor curves is carried out through the line of interprojection connection. The proposed scientific hypothesis is fully justified, provided that all possible factors affecting the behavior of the socio-economic indicator are taken into account. The implementation of the proposed approach was carried out using the Radishchev’s complex drawing, which displays both the values of the factors and the socio-economic indicator. At the same time, on the Radishchev’s complex drawing, the most favorable conditions for the socio-economic indicator are selected by methods of mathematical analysis. Further, with the help of the line of inter-projection communication, by means of standardization, the desired weight coefficients are determined, corresponding to the most favorable conditions for the socio-economic indicator. This approach is completely independent of the subjective opinion of experts and based solely on the initial statistical information.
INVESTIGATION OF THE HEMPEL PARADOX WITH CLASSES IN BIG DATA OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Konovalov V. A.
Published: January 2023

The methods of self-learning and learning with an artificial intelligence teacher are being investigated. The research is carried out in the interests of solving the problems of countering money laundering and terrorist financing on incomplete, heterogeneous big data of socio-economic systems. The N-scheme of the Markov algorithm with a quantitative measure of induction is synthesized. A method is proposed for recording the number of relationships (interactions) of big data objects in the database of artificial intelligence. The theoretical provisions of Hempel’s paradox with classes are considered. The Hempel paradox is evaluated in heterogeneous big data. The Markov occurrence diagram for Hempel’s paradox with classes is synthesized. The Hempel paradox with classes is investigated under conditions of incompleteness and heterogeneity of the data sample. A method of inductive self-learning of artificial intelligence in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm with a quantitative measure of induction is proposed. The method of using the associator m for training artificial intelligence in the N-scheme of the Markov algorithm is presented. A method of category, predetermined, inductive, teacher-directed self-study is proposed. It is concluded that self-learning methods have a limited potential for mathematical expressiveness. The reason for the low expressiveness is the inability to correctly operate with classes and categories, as well as the limitations of the possibility of logical predestination of truth, taking into account the heterogeneous, anthropogenic nature of objects and morphisms. The study of methods of teaching without a teacher revealed the scientific task of overcoming the Hempel paradox for classes of objects. It is indicated that the proposed method of categorically predetermined, inductive, teacher-directed self-learning actually shows that artificial intelligence a priori must be trained by a teacher, in other words, it cannot correctly self-study without it.
AUTOMATION OF A NETWORK OF PROBLEMS USING PROGRAMMING TOOLS
Authors: Filimonov I. A.
Published: January 2023

One of the directions of development of metadata of electronic libraries is their selective visualization with the provision of object search in the visual network representation of metadata. One of such systems is also developed by the author of EaAIS “PoiskUM”. In the “PoiskUM” system, an attempt has been made to programmatically implement an electronic library designed for personal use and providing object search functions. In contrast to the classical dictionary search, the object search system provides the reader with the opportunity to fully or partially search through the elements of the library collection and “identify” the desired objects among them on the basis of search features located in cognitive memory. In this system, the user can see a complex network consisting of a network of scientific and technical problems on the computer screen, a network of innovative cycles of technical products related to the problems shown, and a network of library documents. This network is visualized by a representative of a special class of applied software systems – a graph editor. The graph editor builds network elements in its memory in the form of objects and shows them in its windows in the form of a table displaying the attributes of objects. Maintaining and developing the functions of replenishing the network of problems require significant manual labor from the owner of the electronic library. This article discusses proposals for automating the replenishment of structural elements of the network of problems in relation to the metadata of an electronic library that supports object search.
An inertial extragradient algorithm for split problems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Husain Shamshad , Asad Mohd
Published: January 2023

In this study, we propose an inertial extragradient algorithm for solving a split generalized equilibrium problem as well as a split feasibility and common fixed point problem. We demonstrate that, under certain reasonable assumptions, the sequences induced by the proposed algorithm converge strongly to a solution of the corresponding problem. In addition, with the help of a numerical example, we demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithm. As a result of this paper, some recent well-known results in this area have been improved, generalized, and extended.
Git in der Universitätsbibliothek der OVGU – ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Kempka Marcel , Bosse Sascha , Schulz Christian
Published: January 2023

In Bibliotheken werden immer mehr Aufgaben digitalisiert und Dienste digital angeboten. Teilweise starre Strukturen werden durch die digitale Transformation aufgebrochen. In der Folge ist eine stärkere und flexible Kollaboration zwischen den Mitarbeitenden und Stakeholdern erforderlich. Um diese Veränderungen mit geeigneten Werkzeugen zu unterstützen, wurde geprüft, wie Git, GitLab und GitHub hierzu beitragen können. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass der Einsatz von Git und GitLab zu einer erheblich besseren Kollaboration innerhalb der IT-Abteilung geführt hat. GitHub wird derzeit für die öffentliche Bereitstellung von Eigenentwicklungen genutzt und soll zukünftig für die interinstitutionelle kollaborative Entwicklung zum Einsatz kommen. Ferner werden die verwendeten Werkzeuge mit Fortschreiten der digitalen Transformation auch in anderen Bereichen von Bibliotheken zum Einsatz kommen.
New results on perturbations of p-adic linear operators
Authors: Ammar Aymen , Boutaf Fatima Zohra , Jeribi Aref
Published: January 2023

In this research paper, we develop some aspects of the theory of Fredholm linear operators acting in p-adic (or non-Archimedean) Banach spaces. In this regard, we establish sufficient conditions for the p-adic Fredholmness of the algebraic sum of unbounded linear operators. Next, we study the perturbation of p-adic upper semi-Fredholm operators under strictly singular operators. Moreover, we give some results concerning quasi-compact and p-adic lower semi-Fredholm operators.
Numerical and experimental investigations on enhancement mixing performance of multi-blade stirring system for fluids with different viscosities
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Wang Shibo , Wang Hua , Xu Jianxin , Li Chunlin , Xiao Qingtai
Published: January 2023

The poor mixing caused by zinc powder deposition in purification process is a serious problem which can’t be avoided in treatment of zinc-containing solid waste. Here, to enhance the purification efficiency of zinc-containing solid waste treatment reactor, two kinds of multi-blade combined stirring systems are compared with single layer four straight-blade and double-layer straight-blade (DFB) stirring systems which are traditionally chosen by industry. This study simulated and explored the flow field characteristics and purification effects of these four kinds of stirred-tank reactor, further proposes the unit ion purification energy (UIPE) as a criterion for purification energy consumption and effect evaluation. The results show that multi-blade combined (MBC) stirring system enhances axial flow by 12.56% in water. Meanwhile it effectively inhibits the growth of isolated mixing region which scope has decreased by 56.25%. In high viscosity Carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, the fluid axial speed can be increased by up to 1407 times with MBC. MBC can increase the purification rate by 24.79% while the UIPE decreases by 29.45% compared with DFB which is used in industrial purification process. MBC paddle has exhibited a wide range of fluid viscosity applicability and axial velocity improvement effect. The improvement increases collisions between the impurity particles and the zinc powder particles, which increased rate of substitution reactions. The application of MBC solves the purification problem in the process of treating zinc-containing solid waste.
Numerical analysis of slopes treated by nano-materials
Authors: Shwan Bestun Jumaa
Published: January 2023

Improvements in mechanical characteristics of soils treated by nano-materials (NMs) have been proved in the last three decades. The improvements are mainly attributed to changes in the soil fabric where a noticeable rise in shear strength has been obtained. This work, therefore, addressed a numerical study on the influence of the soil fabric changes due to the NMs enhancement on a slope stability problem using an upper bound discretization scheme. A parametric study was carried out at seven different inclination angles from 15 to 45° and with a variety of combinations of angle of shearing resistance (ϕ) and cohesion (c) values. This was carried out for two different types of slopes on purely frictional materials and c–ϕ materials. A noticeable increase in stability was obtained, based on a set of re-generated design charts, due to NMs enhancement (attributed to soil fabric changes). The re-generated design charts did not require iterative procedures and extended both x and y boundaries when compared with other available charts in the literature. Examination of the influence of the NM on the failure modes, to provide an insight into different failure mechanisms due to the soil fabric changes, was also considered.
Predictive value of 6 h postoperative parathyroid hormone level on permanent hypoparathyroidism in pediatric total thyroidectomy: a pilot study
Authors: Keane Olivia A. , Bai Shasha , Cossen Kristina , Patterson Briana C. , Prickett Kara K. , Heiss Kurt F. , Santore Matthew T.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Transient hypocalcemia is a common complication after pediatric total thyroidectomy, while permanent hypoparathyroidism (PH) is relatively uncommon. To date there is no model to predict which patients will develop PH based on post-operative makers. We aim to identify pediatric patients who are at high risk of PH following thyroidectomy based on 6 h post-operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) value.

Methods

A retrospective review of 122 pediatric patients undergoing total thyroidectomy between 2016 and 2022 following implementation of a multidisciplinary team was performed. Outcome of interest was permanent hypoparathyroidism, defined as need for calcium supplementation at 6 months postoperatively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine PTH value at 6 h post-operative that was predictive of permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Results

Rates of permanent hypoparathyroidism reported are similar to those described in the literature with 12 patients (10.9%) developing PH. In patients who developed PH, mean 6 h postoperative PTH was 5.12 pg/mL. Mean 6 h postoperative PTH level in those who did not develop PH was 31.34 pg/mL (p<0.0001). The 6 h post-operative PTH value predictive for PH was ≤11.3 pg/mL. PTH cutoff of ≤11.3 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 72.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 27.0%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%.

Conclusions

6 h postoperative PTH values were found to be predictive of permanent hypoparathyroidism in pediatric total thyroidectomy: a 6 h postoperative PTH level of >11.3 pg/mL excludes permanent hypoparathyroidism, but if PTH is ≤11.3 pg/mL at 6 h, approximately 1/3 of patients may persist with permanent hypoparathyroidism.
Monte Carlo method for parabolic equations involving fractional Laplacian
Authors: Jiao Caiyu , Li Changpin
Published: January 2023

We apply the Monte Carlo method to solving the Dirichlet problem of linear parabolic equations with fractional
Laplacian. This method exploits the idea of weak approximation of related stochastic differential equations
driven by the symmetric stable Lévy process with jumps. We utilize the jump-adapted scheme to approximate
Lévy process which gives exact exit time to the boundary. When the solution has low regularity, we establish
a numerical scheme by removing the small jumps of the Lévy process and then show the convergence order. When
the solution has higher regularity, we build up a higher-order numerical scheme by replacing small jumps with a
simple process and then display the higher convergence order. Finally, numerical experiments including
ten- and one hundred-dimensional cases are presented, which confirm the theoretical estimates and show the numerical
efficiency of the proposed schemes for high-dimensional parabolic equations.
Nonreciprocal total cross section of quantum metasurfaces
Authors: Nefedkin Nikita , Cotrufo Michele , Alù Andrea
Published: January 2023

Nonreciprocity originating from classical interactions among nonlinear scatterers has been attracting increasing attention in the quantum community, offering a promising tool to control excitation transfer for quantum information processing and quantum computing. In this work, we explore the possibility of realizing largely nonreciprocal total cross sections for a pair of quantum metasurfaces formed by two parallel periodic arrays of two-level atoms. We show that large nonreciprocal responses can be obtained in such nonlinear systems by controlling the position of the atoms and their transition frequencies, without requiring that the environment in which the atoms are placed is nonreciprocal. We demonstrate the connection of this effect with the asymmetric population of a slowly decaying dark state, which is critical to obtain large nonreciprocal responses.
Photon number resolution without optical mode multiplication
Authors: Vetlugin Anton N. , Martinelli Filippo , Dong Shuyu , Soci Cesare
Published: January 2023

Common methods to achieve photon number resolution rely on fast on-off single-photon detectors in conjunction with temporal or spatial mode multiplexing. Yet, these methods suffer from an inherent trade-off between the efficiency of photon number discrimination and photon detection rate. Here, we introduce a method of photon number resolving detection that overcomes these limitations by replacing mode multiplexing with coherent absorption of a single optical mode in a distributed detector array. Distributed coherent absorption ensures complete and uniform absorption of light among the constituent detectors, enabling fast and efficient photon number resolution. As a proof-of-concept, we consider the case of a distributed array of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with realistic parameters and show that deterministic absorption and arbitrarily high photon number discrimination efficiency can be achieved by increasing the number of detectors in the array. Photon number resolution without optical mode multiplication provides a simple yet effective method to discriminate an arbitrary number of photons in large arrays of on-off detectors or in smaller arrays of mode multiplexed detectors.
Wasser und Gesundheit: ein Überblick
Authors: Hornberg Claudia , Salomon Markus
Published: January 2023

Das Thema Wasser gewinnt angesichts des fortschreitenden Klimawandels an Bedeutung. Für die menschliche Gesundheit ist der Schutz wichtiger Trinkwasserressourcen von hoher Relevanz, aber auch andere Funktionen der Gewässer, wie die als Erholungsräume. Die Gewässerbewirtschaftung muss sich an die veränderten Bedingungen anpassen und gleichzeitig die europäischen Vorgaben zum Gewässerschutz erfüllen. Der Gesundheitsschutz sollte eine zentrale Triebfeder in diesem Prozess sein.
Rising seas and public health: implications and challenges
Authors: Becker Steven M.
Published: January 2023

Rising sea level poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of vast numbers of people around the world, with impacts expected to grow even more in coming years. The field of public health has a crucial role to play in addressing the complex challenges posed by sea level rise. But to do so effectively, public health will need to rethink, rework, and update some important dimensions of public health practice as well as the manner in which tomorrow’s public health professionals are trained.
Erkölcsi és emberi méltóság a középkori keresztény filozófiában
Authors: Barcsi Tamás
Published: January 2023

In my study, I will interpret the concepts of moral dignity and human dignity in medieval and Renaissance ethics and philosophy of law, without aiming to be exhaustive. First, I will discuss the various meanings of dignity and refer to Cicero's ideas, which are of fundamental importance for our topic. I will then discuss the Christian understanding of dignity, draw attention to some of the relevant views of St Augustine and St Thomas Aquinas, discuss Dante Alighieri's concept of nobility, and review Pico della Mirandola's seminal understanding of dignity. I will conclude by exploring the interrelations between the conceptions examined.
A jóhiszeműség és tisztesség magánjogi alapelve erényetikai paradigmában
Authors: Benke József
Published: January 2023

In the exercise of rights and in the performance of duties, the requirement of good faith and fair dealing encompasses the entire Hungarian legal system. In private law, including business relations, it has absolute priority. The exact determination of the content of the principle codified in Art. 1:3(1) of the Hungarian Civil Code required not only grammatic-logical and systematic-authentic interpretation but necessitated also a historical and comparative legal analysis. However, the usual, complex interpretation of norms could not lead to the pragmatically desirable result that the courts applying the codified norm do need. In order to achieve this goal, it was inevitable to examine in particular the treasures handed down to us from the philosophical, legal and religious-ethical intellectual complexes of the European intellectual heritage. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the conduct meets the requirement of the codified principle of good faith and fair dealing, which realizes the following four values [see I)-IV)] within the framework of the following five limiting factors [see 1)-5)]. The limitations are: 1) the interdependence of juxtaposition and equality; 2) the degree of objective rationality; 3) consideration of the other party's legal interest or interest worthy of consideration in addition to one’s own legal interest; 4) the general customs and practices between the parties; and 5) the frameworks of justice and equity. Between these frames, the legal subject makes the following: I) does good, avoids bad; II) does to the other what he also wishes for himself; III) does not hurt the others, IV) gives to others what they owe.
A joguralom elvét megalapozó elemek a Vetus Testamentumban és a Novum Testamentumban
Authors: Mészáros István László
Published: January 2023

Our study undertakes to explore the Old and New Testament roots of the rule of law. It shows that the roots go back to the Mosaic laws and the organization of the ancient Jewish state based on them, an ancient state based primarily on laws. It points out that from the aspect of state and legal theory, the uniqueness of the Mosaic laws lay in the presentation of the supremacy and primacy of the law. This principle was reflected in the fact that no one, neither the king nor any leaders, could set themselves above the law. In addition, according to the specific laws concerning Israel’s kings, the exercise of royal power was even more confined within the framework of the law. We present that the principle of governance bound by law is part of the social teaching of both the Old and the New Testaments. All of this – in interaction with the related elements of ancient Greek-Roman political philosophy – played a prominent role in the fact that it was the Judeo-Christian culture where the idea of the rule of law spread and became the basic principle of the political and legal system of the states belonging to this circle.
Alexander Batthyány: A közömbösség legyőzése: Az értelem megtalálása változó korunkban [Die Überwindung der Gleichgültigkeit: Sinnfindung in einer Zeit des Wandels]
Authors: Dombrádi Zita
Published: January 2023

A cikk beérkezett: 2022. 10. 26-án, javítva: 2022. 12. 30-án, elfogadva: 2022. 12. 31-én.
Editor's Preface
Authors: Koltai Zsuzsa
Published: January 2023

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Optimisation of IT teaching materials for students of humanities and social sciences
Authors: Kovács Edina
Published: January 2023

The demands of the 21st century mean that without digital competence and basic IT skills we cannot thrive in society. This is particularly true for students leaving higher education. Today, it is not only students in engineering and science who need to acquire ICT and IT skills. Although the latest version of the National Curriculum sets the development of digital competences as a task, the previous curriculum did not require students leaving public education to have these competences. For this reason, it is particularly important in higher education in the humanities and social sciences to develop digital competences in addition to IT skills. The paper presents the history of the introduction of IT and computing in higher education, and the process of how these subjects have been replaced in the humanities as well as in technical higher education because of the Bologna process. In addition, it presents the elements of the implementation of an IT course in an LMS system. It presents good practices and tools to increase not only students' knowledge but also their motivation, digital competences and interest in IT content.