bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zanubrutinib in Japanese treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and CLL/SLL
Authors: Izutsu Koji , Ishikawa Takayuki , Shimada Kazuyuki , Kubo Kohmei , Kondo Takeshi , Fujimoto Katsuya , Fujisaki Tomoaki , Kurahashi Shingo , Nagafuji Koji , Sakai Rika , Jo Tatsuro , Nakazato Tomonori , Sunami Kazutaka , Kasahara Senji , Cohen Aileen , Takai Motohisa , Zhong Jinhua , Takeuchi Masahiro
Published: February 2025

Zanubrutinib is a selective second-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in various B-cell malignancies globally. The phase 1/2 BGB-3111-111 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib 160 mg twice daily orally in Japanese patients with treatment-naive or relapsed/refractory mature B-cell malignancies. Here, efficacy results from Part 2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; n = 19) and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM; n = 19), and safety results from Parts 1 (N = 6) and 2 (N = 49) are presented, with the first dose between 30 January, 2020, and 31 October, 2022. As of 10 May, 2023, investigator-assessed overall response rates were 100% (19/19) and 94.7% (18/19) in CLL/SLL and WM, respectively, with median follow-up of 27.9 and 26.8 months; 24-month progression-free survival rates were 71.4% and 100% in treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL and 83.9% and 100% in treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory WM, respectively. In patients with B-cell malignancies, any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 53 (96.4%) and serious TEAEs in 18 (32.7%). Common TEAEs were platelet count decreased (18.2%), pyrexia (18.2%), COVID-19 (14.5%), and neutrophil count decreased (12.7%). With median follow-up > 2 years, zanubrutinib demonstrated durable efficacy in Japanese patients with CLL/SLL or WM and a favorable safety profile consistent with global phase 3 studies.
Assessment of fall armyworm tolerant maize hybrids for sustainable maize production in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Amegbor Isaac Kodzo , Adu Gloria Boakyewaa , Nelimor Charles , Prasanna Boddupalli M. , Beyene Yoseph , Chivasa Walter , Gethi James Gichuru , Togola Abou , Jamal-deen Abdulai , Adogoba Desmond Sunday , Nboyine Jerry , Kusi Francis , Ribeiro Priscilla Francisco , Keteku Agbesi Kwadzo , Wandaat Emmanuel , Darkwa Kwabena , Atosona Benedicta , Labuschagne Maryke
Published: February 2025

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) has become a significant pest to maize production, causing huge yield losses in sub-Saharan Africa. This study evaluated three non-Bt maize hybrids with tolerance to fall armyworm (FAW) along with a commercial hybrid check for yield and agronomic performance under natural FAW infestation and chemical control conditions in both on-station and on-farm trials. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids with the FAW tolerant hybrids showing reduced leaf and ear damage compared to the commercial hybrid. These hybrids also exhibited high grain yield performance, outyielding the commercial check by 197–252%. Mean grain yield under FAW infestation ranged from 6009.88 to 7117.30 kg ha−1 without chemical control, and even higher (8441.24 kg ha−1) under limited chemical control. Stepwise multiple regression analyses identified ear aspect, husk cover and ear damage as key traits accounting for 98% of the total variation in grain yield under FAW infestation. Participatory variety selection showed high farmer preference for these hybrids. The availability of these hybrids to farmers promises to enhance food security, reduce the environmental impact of insecticides, alleviate cost burdens on farmers, and increase household income.
CALR—mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms: insights from next-generation sequencing
Authors: Mroczkowska-Bękarciak Aleksandra , Szeremet Agnieszka , Chyrko Olga , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: February 2025

Essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis belong to the group of BCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. The presence of mutations in the JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes is essential for the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms. These mutations are called “driver” mutations. However, not only leading mutations have been identified in patients with MPN, but also more than half of individuals with essential thrombocythemia and more than 80% of patients with myelofibrosis have additional mutations. One technique that makes it possible to find prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic indicators is next-generation sequencing. Coexisting mutations are associated with reduced response to therapy, shortened overall survival, and a higher risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis. The study group consisted of 42 patients with the diagnosis of BCR::ABL1-negative MPN and the presence of a mutation in the CALR gene. The research material was archival, and DNA was obtained from patients’ peripheral blood. Forty genes (17 genes, 23 hotspots) were sequenced using the commercial kit AmpliSeq for Illumina Myeloid Panel applying the targeted next-generation sequencing approach. For the study, the Illumina MiniSeq platform was used. The analysis of the obtained genetic results was carried out using bioinformatics tools and genetic databases. We studied 42 CALR-positive ET (n = 28) and MF (n = 14) patients with NGS panel testing. The median age at diagnosis of the entire patient series was 58 years. Additional mutations were detected in 48% of patients in the whole cohort. The most frequently mutated genes in the study population were ASXL1, TET2, and DNMT3A, which are largely associated with epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. NGS panel studies represent a breakthrough in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of MPNs with CALR mutations. The ability to perform such a comprehensive study provides valuable information on the biology of the disease and the selection of the appropriate treatment regimen. The use of new technologies shows that not only driver mutations have clinical significance for the patient. NGS has the potential to increase the precision and effectiveness of diagnosis and prognosis.
Applied Principles for Inclusive Practice in Neurodevelopmental Research: A Selection and Report of Illustrative Case Studies
Authors: Fletcher-Watson Sue , Joseph Holly , Crane Laura , Pavlopoulou Georgia , Lukito Steve , Funnell Eloise , Alcorn Alyssa M. , Crompton Catherine J.
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

Inclusive research practices are important for neurodevelopmental studies, facilitating the involvement of community members throughout the research process. Highlighting this value, we reiterate our previously proposed framework for inclusive research practice and present a selection of case studies showcasing successful implementation of inclusive approaches.

Recent Findings

Across four invited case studies, authors illustrate how neurodivergent people can be effectively involved in research, providing meaningful input and shaping outcomes. Our report concludes that these case studies underscore the significance of building relationships, prioritizing community well-being, and considering diverse identities in neurodevelopmental research. We call for careful evaluation of the impact of inclusive practices on community representatives and advocate for enhanced reporting in academic journals, and use of online repositories to share the materials that support coproduction.

Despite the recognized benefits, a lack of detailed reporting on inclusive methods poses a challenge for researchers. This report provides valuable insights for researchers aiming to instigate, establish or develop their inclusive practice.
Energy Efficiency Optimisation in Wire arc Additive Manufacturing of Invar 36 Alloy via Intelligent Data-Driven Techniques
Authors: Mattera Giulio , Caggiano Alessandra , Nele Luigi
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, sustainability of manufacturing processes is a major concern which calls for special efforts to reduce their environmental impact and energy consumption. In additive manufacturing, this issue is even more challenging due to the usually high energy demands of these processes. However, in the era of Industry 4.0, machine learning (ML) techniques, combined with metaheuristic optimization algorithms, offer a powerful solution to explore new, unproven combinations of process parameters that better align with sustainability goals of manufacturing. These methodologies can minimize the need for extensive experimental campaigns and provide a valuable decision-making support tool for goal-oriented process parameters optimization. In line with such approach, this research work introduces an intelligent data-driven methodology using ML to optimize wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of Invar 36 alloy considering both the resulting layer geometry and quality as well as the process energy consumption. An experimental campaign involving WAAM deposition of 15 walls made of Invar 36 alloy using a natural dip transfer welding process was carried out. The data acquired from the WAAM experimental tests were used to develop and train an artificial neural network (ANN) which, on the basis of the process parameters, was able to predict the layer geometry, the specific energy consumption and a specified quality score indicative of the presence of defects. The ANN achieved a high accuracy with 100% F2 score for quality classification, 0.4 mm mean absolute error for layer geometry, and 20 J/mm MAE for specific energy consumption. A genetic algorithm (GA) was then used to identify optimal process parameters able to minimize the specific energy consumption while maintaining quality and smoothness of the deposited layer. The experimental validation carried out using the GA-optimized process parameters in the WAAM process confirmed the reliability of the model, resulting in energy-efficient and defect-free walls.
Wireless, Multifunctional System-Integrated Programmable Soft Robot
Authors: Han Sungkeun , Shin Jeong-Woong , Lee Joong Hoon , Li Bowen , Ko Gwan-Jin , Jang Tae-Min , Dutta Ankan , Han Won Bae , Yang Seung Min , Kim Dong-Je , Kang Heeseok , Lim Jun Hyeon , Eom Chan-Hwi , Choi So Jeong , Cheng Huanyu , Hwang Suk-Won
Published: February 2025

Soft robots have partially or entirely provided versatile opportunities for issues or roles that cannot be addressed by conventional machine robots, although most studies are limited to designs, controls, or physical/mechanical motions. Here, we present a transformable, reconfigurable robotic platform created by the integration of magnetically responsive soft composite matrices with deformable multifunctional electronics. Magnetic compounds engineered to undergo phase transition at a low temperature can readily achieve reversible magnetization and conduct various changes of motions and shapes. Thin and flexible electronic system designed with mechanical dynamics does not interfere with movements of the soft electronic robot, and the performances of wireless circuit, sensors, and devices are independent of a variety of activities, all of which are verified by theoretical studies. Demonstration of navigations and electronic operations in an artificial track highlights the potential of the integrated soft robot for on-demand, environments-responsive movements/metamorphoses, and optoelectrical detection and stimulation. Further improvements to a miniaturized, sophisticated system with material options enable in situ monitoring and treatment in envisioned areas such as biomedical implants.
Religiöse Deutungen der COVID-19-Pandemie aus Sicht von Kindern in Ghana und Deutschland
Authors: Rohde-Abuba Caterina
Published: February 2025

Dieser Artikel basiert auf qualitativen Interviews mit 34 Kindern im Alter von 6 bis 16 Jahren, die in Deutschland und Ghana leben und verschiedenen religiösen Gruppen angehören oder sich als Atheist:innen identifizieren. Aus einer konstruktivistischen Perspektive, die Kinder als (religiöse) Akteur:innen in ihren Lebenswelten betrachtet, wird analysiert, wie sie die COVID-19-Pandemie und die öffentlichen Schutzmaßnahmen im Hinblick auf religiöse und säkulare Deutungsmuster interpretieren und wie sie diese Interpretationen mit der Nutzung religiöser und gesundheitlicher Praktiken als Bewältigungsstrategien in der Pandemie verknüpfen.
A randomized transformation for data processing on quantum computers
Authors: Zollner Johann Maximilian , Werner Martin
Published: February 2025

Quantum state preparation circuits for loading classical data into quantum computers significantly influence the performance and complexity of variational quantum algorithms within hybrid quantum-classical systems. Since real-world data is often high-dimensional and mapping it to a quantum state is costly and non-trivial, it is transformed on classical computers to overcome limitations regarding quantum register size and circuit complexity. We present a data transformation method using Bloom filters to represent classical data for quantum state preparation circuits. Further, the paper illustrates that tiny fragments of this classical data encoding can be used for quantum machine learning to make an ensemble of the resulting quantum models surprisingly powerful. Due to the representation of the transformed data as a fragmented bit array, the quantum state preparation circuit only relies on a single rotational gate per qubit and small quantum registers. We demonstrate our approach and its representation power in a series of simulations. The simulations indicate that the randomized transformation provides diversity for ensemble models and that even small bit arrays with high error rates in data representation are sufficient for binary classification tasks.
The impact of central government environmental inspection on the trade-off between economic growth and environmental improvement in China
Authors: Cheng Penghao , Cao Long
Published: February 2025

How to handle the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, achieving a positive interaction between the two, is a practical issue faced by Chinese government today. This paper incorporates dual objectives into the same analytical framework through theoretical models and empirical analysis. We find that, overall, local governments can achieve dual goals. Furthermore, this sustained positive impact is also influenced by some factors leading to a mid-term negative rebound, such as the timing of the green transformation, the strength of regulation methods during the inspection periods, and the management of local governments during non-inspection periods. Finally, the central government environmental inspection exhibits multidimensional heterogeneity of this trade-off in terms of time, region, and industry. The middle region has achieved the dual goals better in the long term, and the west region has achieved the dual goals better in the medium term.
Coordinate rings of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties in the open opposite schubert cell
Authors: Horiguchi Tatsuya , Shirato Tomoaki
Published: February 2025

Dale Peterson has discovered a surprising result that the quantum cohomology ring of the flag variety
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
is isomorphic to the coordinate ring of the intersection of the Peterson variety
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Pet}}_n$
and the opposite Schubert cell associated with the identity element
$\Omega _e^\circ $
in
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
. This is an unpublished result, so papers of Kostant and Rietsch are referred for this result. An explicit presentation of the quantum cohomology ring of
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
is given by Ciocan–Fontanine and Givental–Kim. In this paper, we introduce further quantizations of their presentation so that they reflect the coordinate rings of the intersections of regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Hess}}(N,h)$
and
$\Omega _e^\circ $
in
$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n({\mathbb {C}})/B$
. In other words, we generalize the Peterson’s statement to regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties via the presentation given by Ciocan–Fontanine and Givental–Kim. As an application of our theorem, we show that the singular locus of the intersection of some regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Hess}}(N,h_m)$
and
$\Omega _e^\circ $
is the intersection of certain Schubert variety and
$\Omega _e^\circ $
, where
$h_m=(m,n,\ldots ,n)$
for
$1<m<n$
. We also see that
$\operatorname {\mathrm {Hess}}(N,h_2) \cap \Omega _e^\circ $
is related with the cyclic quotient singularity.
EXTENSION OF COHOMOLOGY CLASSES FOR VECTOR BUNDLES WITH SINGULAR HERMITIAN METRICS
Authors: LIU ZHUO , QING CHENGHAO
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present an extension theorem which is equivalent to an injectivity theorem on the cohomology groups of vector bundles equipped with singular Hermitian metrics over holomorphically convex Kähler manifolds.
“An Entire Religion, at the Same Time Spiritual and Tangible”: Common Prayer and Deistic Civil Religion at the End of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Cratty Flynn
Published: February 2025

Civil religion has been imagined as a bloodless rationalism or a baptized patriotism, but rarely as a fully fledged religion. This article argues that a strain of civil religion emerged out of deism in the 1770s and 1780s that aspired to be an authentic religion complete with public prayer. This “practical civil religion” looked to spirituality and social ritual as a means of taming the passions and achieving national regeneration. One of the first to imagine such a religion was the journalist and novelist Louis-Sébastien Mercier. The dissenting minister David Williams went beyond Mercier’s dream, in 1776 opening the world’s first deist chapel at Margaret Street in London. Maximilien Robespierre’s short-lived cult of the Supreme Being in revolutionary France represented the apogee of the tradition of practical civil religion. Robespierre proposed the cult as a means of effecting national regeneration and completing the Revolution.
Energy Cascades in Surface Semigeostrophic Turbulence: Implications for the Oceanic Submesoscale Flows
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Shuwen , Afanasyev Yakov
Published: February 2025

Surface semigeostrophic (SSG) turbulence is examined in this study with emphasis on the effect of ageostrophy on energy cascades across the scales below the deformation radius. In our simulations, the strength of the ageostrophic component is controlled by the Rossby number , varying from 0.01 to 0.2. The flows are asymmetric with preference for cold cyclonic vortices and warm anticyclonic filaments. Strong vertical motions concentrate in small‐scale filaments and at the periphery of vortices where the lateral divergence becomes significant. A negative correlation between the divergence and the relative vorticity is identified using joint probability density functions. Slopes of the kinetic and potential energy spectra vary between −2.2 and −1.7. The features of the simulated flows including the asymmetry, strong vertical motion, and −2 spectral slope agree with the observations of the oceanic submesoscale flows. Analyses of spectral fluxes demonstrate an inverse kinetic energy cascade and a forward cascade of potential energy. As increases, the filaments become more numerous in the flows. They wrap around cyclones, weakening their interactions and subsequent mergers, thus suppressing the inverse cascade of kinetic energy. Ageostrophy promoting the forward potential energy cascade is important for the frontogenesis in the ocean. We characterize lateral dispersion in the SSG flows using the finite‐scale Lyapunov exponents (FSLEs). They are used to identify the Lagrangian coherent structures as well as to investigate the regimes of dispersion at different scales. The results show a smooth transition from hyper‐ballistic diffusion at small scales to normal diffusion at large scales.
Spatial Variation of Polarization Ellipticity for Transionospheric HF Radio Waves Observed by RRI on e‐POP/Swarm‐E
Authors: Kalafatoglu Eyiguler E. C. , Pandey K. , Hussey G. C. , Danskin D. W. , Gillies R. G. , Yau A. W.
Published: February 2025

The Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) on Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) onboard CASSIOPE/Swarm‐E can detect transionospheric radio waves from ground‐based transmitters. The RRI crossed‐dipoles were slewed toward the Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Ottawa transmitter during 10 experiments in April 2016 and 2017 to determine the polarization characteristics of the transionospheric HF radio waves. Six experiments were during geomagnetically quiet intervals and four during unsettled ionospheric conditions. The detected radio waves exhibit elliptical to circular polarized states over a broad region, extending beyond the theoretical range for aspect angle northward of the transmitter. In accordance with magnetoionic theory, the radio waves are mostly linear when the radio wave propagation direction and the geomagnetic field are antiparallel, which occurs to the south of the transmitter. During unsettled ionospheric conditions, the ellipticity magnitude can take on any value between and whereas during quiet conditions, the ellipticity magnitude has a variation within . Dominant regions of O‐ and X‐mode waves, derived from a power distribution model, hint at a plausible explanation for the observed variations in ellipticity magnitude and rotation sense of radio waves.
Future Trajectories of Peatland Permafrost Under Climate and Ecosystem Change in Northeastern Canada
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Way Robert G.
Published: February 2025

Peatland permafrost ecosystems include culturally and ecologically important habitats for plants and wildlife. Widespread degradation of palsas and peat plateaus suggests vulnerability of these landforms to climate warming, but ecosystem changes, including landscape greening due to shrub expansion and related changes in snow distribution, are also expected to impact permafrost persistence. In this study, a process‐based one‐dimensional transient model is used to simulate an ensemble of future ground temperature trajectories for seven palsa and two peat plateau study sites along the Labrador Sea coastline. Ground temperatures are modeled from 2024 to 2100 under nine scenarios, which account for differences in future land cover, snow, and climate warming (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). All scenarios incorporating a change in ecosystem characteristics and/or climate result in loss of permafrost at all sites by 2100, with some sites experiencing loss of permafrost by 2036. Although permafrost thaw occurs at all sites under most scenarios, the sites exhibit wide variations in thaw rates due to differences in latitude, geomorphological characteristics, and initial permafrost thicknesses. Most sites experience active layer thickening, but four of the nine sites also see the development of supra‐permafrost taliks, though this occurs almost exclusively in the scenarios that incorporate ecosystem change. The development of taliks under these scenarios and the earlier loss of permafrost suggest that peatland permafrost in coastal Labrador may be more sensitive to ecosystem change than climate warming alone. These results provide important insights into the future evolution and climate sensitivity of permafrost peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost zone.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predicting SEP Proton Intensity and Events Using Time Series of Relativistic Electron Measurements
Authors: Torres Jesse , Chan Philip K. , Zhao Lulu , Zhang Ming
Published: February 2025

Solar energetic particles (SEP) can cause severe damage to astronauts and sensitive equipment in space, and can disrupt communications on Earth. A lack of thorough understanding the eruption processes of solar activities and the subsequent acceleration and transport processes of energetic particles makes it difficult for physics‐based models to forecast the occurrence of an SEP event and its intensity. Therefore, in order to provide an advance warning for astronauts to seek shelter in a timely manner, we apply neural networks to forecast the intensity of SEP events. The neural network uses a time series of past and current electron and proton flux in 5‐min intervals to predict future proton flux 30 min or 1 hr ahead. In addition to multilayer perceptron neural networks, we also use recurrent neural networks (RNN), which are designed to handle time series data. For each model, we consider two approaches: a single model trained on all data, and the ensemble of models where the particular model is selected dynamically for each input using the predicted behavior of the input data. Overall, our results indicate that a single RNN model forecasts proton flux of each event with less error. Furthermore, the RNN incurs less error in predicting proton flux, but a larger time lag, than the forecasting matrix method proposed by Posner. When advance and extended warnings are incorporated, the RNN can improve SEP event prediction scores.
Glibenclamide targets MDH2 to relieve aging phenotypes through metabolism-regulated epigenetic modification
Authors: Mao Zhifan , Liu Wenwen , Zou Rong , Sun Ling , Huang Shuman , Wu Lingyu , Chen Liru , Wu Jiale , Lu Shijie , Song Zhouzhi , Li Xie , Huang Yunyuan , Rao Yong , Huang Yi-You , Li Baoli , Hu Zelan , Li Jian
Published: February 2025

Mitochondrial metabolism-regulated epigenetic modification is a driving force of aging and a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH2), an enzyme in the TCA cycle, was identified as an anti-aging target through activity-based protein profiling in present study. The expression level of MDH2 was positively correlated with the cellular senescence in Mdh2 knockdown or overexpression fibroblasts. Glibenclamide (Gli), a classic anti-glycemic drug, was found to inhibit the activity of MDH2 and relieve fibroblast senescence in an MDH2-dependent manner. The anti-aging effects of Gli were also further validated in vivo, as it extended the lifespan and reduced the frailty index of naturally aged mice. Liver specific Mdh2 knockdown eliminated Gli’s beneficial effects in naturally aged mice, reducing p16INK4a expression and hepatic fibrosis. Mechanistically, MDH2 inhibition or knockdown disrupted central carbon metabolism, then enhanced the methionine cycle flux, and subsequently promoted histone methylation. Notably, the tri-methylation of H3K27, identified as a crucial methylation site in reversing cellular senescence, was significantly elevated in hepatic tissues of naturally aged mice with Mdh2 knockdown. Taken together, these findings reveal that MDH2 inhibition or knockdown delays the aging process through metabolic-epigenetic regulation. Our research not only identified MDH2 as a potential therapeutic target and Gli as a lead compound for anti-aging drug development, but also shed light on the intricate interplay of metabolism and epigenetic modifications in aging.
Resolving discrepancies between chimeric and multiplicative measures of higher-order epistasis
Authors: Chitra Uthsav , Arnold Brian , Raphael Benjamin J.
Published: February 2025

Epistasis - the interaction between alleles at different genetic loci - plays a fundamental role in biology. However, several recent approaches quantify epistasis using a chimeric formula that measures deviations from a multiplicative fitness model on an additive scale, thus mixing two scales. Here, we show that for pairwise interactions, the chimeric formula yields a different magnitude but the same sign of epistasis compared to the multiplicative formula that measures both fitness and deviations on a multiplicative scale. However, for higher-order interactions, we show that the chimeric formula can have both different magnitude and sign compared to the multiplicative formula. We resolve these inconsistencies by deriving mathematical relationships between the different epistasis formulae and different parametrizations of the multivariate Bernoulli distribution. We argue that the chimeric formula does not appropriately model interactions between the Bernoulli random variables. In simulations, we show that the chimeric formula is less accurate than the classical multiplicative/additive epistasis formulae and may falsely detect higher-order epistasis. Analyzing multi-gene knockouts in yeast, multi-way drug interactions in E. coli, and deep mutational scanning of several proteins, we find that approximately 10% to 60% of inferred higher-order interactions change sign using the multiplicative/additive formula compared to the chimeric formula.
Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity in the mouse retrosplenial cortex links contextual memories formed close in time
Authors: Sehgal Megha , Filho Daniel Almeida , Kastellakis George , Kim Sungsoo , Lee Jinsu , Shen Yang , Huang Shan , Lavi Ayal , Fernandes Giselle , Davila Mejia Irene , Martin Sunaina Soans , Pekcan Asli , Wu Melody Shana , Heo Won Do , Poirazi Panayiota , Trachtenberg Joshua T. , Silva Alcino J.
Published: February 2025

Events occurring close in time are often linked in memory, and recent studies suggest that such memories are encoded by overlapping neuronal ensembles. However, the role of dendritic plasticity mechanisms in linking memories is unknown. Here we show that memory linking is dependent not only on neuronal ensemble overlap in the mouse retrosplenial cortex, but also on branch-specific dendritic allocation mechanisms. The same dendritic segments are preferentially activated by two linked (but not independent) contextual memories, and spine clusters added after each of two linked (but not independent) contextual memories are allocated to the same dendritic segments. Importantly, we show that the reactivation of dendrites activated during the first context exploration is sufficient to link two contextual memories. Our results demonstrate a critical role for localized dendritic plasticity in memory integration and reveal rules governing how linked and independent memories are allocated to dendritic compartments.
Whole genome sequencing of hepatitis B virus using tiled amplicon (HEPTILE) and probe based enrichment on Illumina and Nanopore platforms
Authors: Lumley Sheila F. , Kent Chris , Jennings Daisy , Chai Haiting , Airey George , Waddilove Elizabeth , Delphin Marion , Trebes Amy , McNaughton Anna L. , Mohammed Khadija Said , Wilkinson Sam A. J. , Wu Yanxia , MacIntyre-Cockett George , Kimono Beatrice , Mbonye Kwizera Moses , Ojambo Kevin , Maponga Tongai G. , Tan Cedric C. S. , de Lara Catherine , Martin Jacqueline , Campbell James , Van Schalkwyk Marije , Goedhals Dominique , Newton Robert , Barnes Eleanor , Loman Nicholas J. , Piazza Paolo , Quick Joshua , Ansari M. Azim , Matthews Philippa C.
Published: February 2025

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) whole genome sequencing (WGS) is currently limited as the DNA viral loads (VL) of many clinical samples are below the threshold required to generate full genomes using current sequencing methods. We developed two pan-genotypic viral enrichment methods, using probe-based capture and tiled amplicon PCR (HEP-TILE) for HBV WGS. We demonstrate using mock samples that both enrichment methods are pan-genotypic (genotypes A-J). Using clinical samples, we demonstrate that HEP-TILE amplification successfully amplifies full genomes at the lowest HBV VL tested (30 IU/ml), and the PCR products can be sequenced using both Nanopore and Illumina platforms. Probe-based capture with Illumina sequencing required VL > 300,000 IU/ml to generate full length HBV genomes. The capture-Illumina and HEP-TILE-Nanopore pipelines had consensus sequencing accuracy of 100% in mock samples with known DNA sequences. Together, these protocols will facilitate the generation of HBV sequence data, enabling a more accurate and representative picture of HBV molecular epidemiology, cast light on persistence and pathogenesis, and enhance understanding of the outcomes of infection and its treatment.
Towards a reduced order model of the periodontal ligament
Authors: Kaiser Albert Heinrich , Bourauel Christoph
Published: February 2025

Based on previous in vitro experiments with specimens of porcine mandibular premolars, the simulation of the periodontal ligament response to force in the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement is described. The initial response of the periodontal ligament can be simulated with a poro-visco-hyperelastic model. For the ground substance a hyperelastic constitutive model for compressible material was used. To facilitate parameter identification a reduced order model and an optimal interpolation metamodel were used. Parameters for the constitutive model identified herein are in good agreement with published values. They indicate a high initial compressibility of the periodontal ligament, which may be attributed to the compressibility of the vascular system within the periodontal ligament. Dimensionless analysis suggests that poroelastic behaviour will gradually cease when viscoelastic relaxation progresses. This was observed as well in the simulation and confirmed by varying the poroelastic model parameters within physically justified limits. Alveolar bone permeability has a significant influence on the flow of pore fluid in the periodontium due to poroelasticity. It is argued that in vivo alveolar bone perforation may adapt locally to optimise for the predominant load situation. A strain rate hardening effect was observed, which is not covered by the simulation, and may be the subject of further investigations.
Losing half the crown hardly affects the stem growth of a xeric southern beech population
Authors: Reiter Ernesto J. , Weigel Robert , Leuschner Christoph
Published: February 2025

Globally, forest ecosystems face increasing climate warming-driven stress. Crown dieback is commonly used as an indicator of declining tree vitality and is closely related to reduced stem radial growth rates. In a xeric northern Patagonian Nothofagus pumilio population, in which the majority of trees possess damaged crowns, we explored the relationship between percent crown damage and growth trends (basal area increment, BAI), interannual growth variability, and the climate sensitivity of growth. The majority of trees show stable BAI since about 1940 despite 5 to > 50% crown damage, which ranges from dieback of small branches to the presence of decades-old snagged branches. A minority of trees with more severe crown damage (> 50 to 95%) show continued growth decline during the last 80 years, but have not yet died. Crown damage was the best predictor of the BAI trend which turned negative at about 50% damage. Stronger damaged trees showed a higher growth sensitivity to summer heat and drought. Thus, the health of this population is apparently not threatened by crown damage up to 50%. Rather, trees might profit from the reduced foliage area, allowing them to stabilize their water relations and maintain stable but fairly slow growth in a drying climate.
Recent advances in retention and permeation of CO2 gas using MXene based membranes
Authors: Ibrahim Yasseen , Zagho Moustafa M. , ElAlfy Amr , Karim Alamgir , Elzatahry Ahmed A.
Published: February 2025

Human-induced emissions demand effective CO2 separation technologies. Energy-efficient membranes, like MXenes with 2D structures, enhance selective gas permeation. This review highlights advancements in improving CO2 retention of MXene membranes, including self-standing, ion-intercalation, and modification techniques. It also examines MXenes in mixed matrix membranes to optimize CO2 permeation. Strategies addressing the selectivity-permeability trade-off, humidified MXenes, and hybrid fillers are discussed, along with challenges and future directions in MXene-based CO2 separation technologies.
Heterogeneous thermal tolerance of dominant Andean montane tree species
Authors: Restrepo Zorayda , González-Caro Sebastián , Hartley Iain P. , Villegas Juan Camilo , Meir Patrick , Sanchez Adriana , Ruiz Carrascal Daniel , Mercado Lina M.
Published: February 2025

In tropical montane forests, the Earth’s largest biodiversity hotspots, there is increasing evidence that climate warming is resulting in montane species being displaced by their lowland counterparts. However, the drivers of these changes are poorly understood. Across a large elevation gradient in the Colombian Andes, we established three experimental plantations of 15 dominant tree species including both naturally occurring montane and lowland species and measured their survival and growth. Here we show that 55% of the studied montane species maintained growth at their survival’s hottest temperature with the remaining 45% being intolerant to such levels of warming, declining their growth, while lowland species benefited strongly from the warmest temperatures. Our findings suggest that the direct negative effects of warming and increased competition of montane species with lowland species are promoting increased homogeneity in community composition, resulting in reduced biodiversity.
AMPK activation by glycogen expenditure primes the exit of naïve pluripotency
Authors: Kim Seong-Min , Kwon Eun-Ji , Oh Ji-Young , Kim Han Sun , Park Sunghyouk , Jang Goo , Tae Do Jeong , Kim Keun-Tae , Cha Hyuk-Jin
Published: February 2025

Embryonic and epiblast stem cells in pre-and post-implantation embryos are characterized by their naïve and primed states, respectively which represent distinct phases of pluripotency. Thus, cellular transition from naïve-to-primed pluripotency recapitulates a drastic metabolic and cellular remodeling after implantation to adapt to changes in extracellular conditions. Here, we found that inhibition of AMPK occurs during naïve transition with two conventional inhibitors of the MEK1 and GSK3β pathways. The accumulation of glycogen due to iGSK3β is responsible for AMPK inhibition, which accounts for high de novo fatty acid synthesis in naïve (ESCs). The knockout of glycogen synthase 1 in naïve ESCs; GKO, resulting in a drastic glycogen loss, leads to a robust AMPK activation and lowers the level of fatty acids. GKO loses cellular characteristics of naïve ESCs and rapidly transitioned to a primed state. The characteristics of GKO are restored by the simultaneous AMPK KO. These findings suggest that high glycogen in epiblast within pre-implantation blastocyst may act as a signaling molecule for timely activation of AMPK, thus ultimately contributing to transition to post-implantation stage epiblast.
Titanium implants trigger extra-periodontal T cell-mediated immunity
Authors: Wang Li-Tzu , Juang Sin-Ei , Lan Chi-Lun , Chang Hsuan-Hao , He Ai-Chia , Chen Wei-An , Huang Yu-Wen , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Chen Yi-Wen , Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai
Published: February 2025

The role of T cells in peri-implant inflammation was evidenced by transcriptomic profiles of the epithelium, changes in T cell immunity, and  in vivo studies, enhancing our understanding of the inflammatory complications in implant surgeries.
Mixing of real and quantum gases
Authors: Borshchevskii Andrey Ya.
Published: February 2025

Through the consistent application of quantum statistical thermodynamics, functions of isothermal mixing of real rarefied gases and quantum gases in states of varying degrees of degeneracy are obtained.
Functionalized Sc2N as Ohmic-contact electrodes for monolayer PtSe2: an ab initio study
Authors: Li Hong , Li Jiahui , Fan Chaoyang , Liu Fengbin , Sun Shuai , Lu Jing
Published: February 2025

Functionalized Sc2N are potential ideal electrodes for 2 semiconductors owing to their broad scope of work functions and smooth surfaces, and n-type Ohmic contact is obtained at both vertical and lateral interface of ML PtSe2 and Sc2N(OH)2.
Enabling hydrogel coating on silicone breast implants with a poly(vinyl acetate) primer layer
Authors: Stanger Katrin , Bajrami Dardan , Wahl Peter , Moriarty Fintan , Gautier Emanuel , Dommann Alex , Wei Kongchang
Published: February 2025

A poly(vinyl acetate) primer layer enables coating of silicone breast implants with hydrogels to prevent implant-associated infections.
Enhanced thermal management of mats and yarns from polystyrene fibers through incorporation of exfoliated graphite
Authors: Das Madhurima , Knapczyk-Korczak Joanna , Moradi Ahmadreza , Pichór Waldemar , Stachewicz Urszula
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of thermally conductive exfoliated graphite into polystyrene fibers significantly enhances their thermal conductivity. This modification in the yarn structure optimizes thermal management by enabling effective heat transfer.
Exploring mesophase behavior and biological potential of liquid crystalline Schiff base derivatives of vanilloxy ester: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Solanki Paresh , Kholiya Kalpesh R. , Gohel Pritisha J. , Parangi Tarun
Published: February 2025

Schiff bases of vanilloyl ester derivatives reveal structural and physical properties.
A sustainable, high ionic conductivity, semi-interpenetrating double-network ionogel film composed of phosphorylated corn straw-derived cellulose and polyaspartamide derivatives
Authors: Wang Bo , Xie Shuai , Li Yan , Fan Meiqing , Zeng Xu , Zhang Hong , Cao Yue , Zhang Xin , Ren Bo , Yang Xiao Dong
Published: February 2025

The extensive consumption of non-renewable energy resources poses significant environmental challenges.
Enhancement of the pseudocapacitive performance of iron hexacyanoferrate through porosity engineering: fabrication of an environment-friendly symmetric coin-cell
Authors: Begum Roshni , Goswami Sudipta , Kundu Sudip , Kabir Rausan , Nath Das Sachindra , Bhattacharya Dipten , Seikh Asiful H. , Ghosh Chandan Kumar
Published: February 2025

In the last decade, iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) or Prussian blue (PB) has become one of the most important low-cost cathode materials for supercapacitor applications due to its highly porous 3D network structure and high surface area.
Ag nanoparticles modified hollow tubular In2O3 for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Authors: Yang Yang , Tan Mengyao , Li Xiaoman , Luo Min
Published: February 2025

An Ag@In2O3 heterostructure has been synthesized for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation with an expanded light absorption range and rapid separation of charge carriers.
Structural and optical properties of in situ Eu-doped ZnCdO/ZnMgO superlattices grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Lysak Anastasiia , Wierzbicka Aleksandra , Magalhaes Sergio , Dłużewski Piotr , Jakieła Rafał , Szot Michał , Khosravizadeh Zeinab , Adhikari Abinash , Kozanecki Adrian , Przeździecka Ewa
Published: February 2025

In situ Eu-doped {ZnCdO/ZnMgO} superlattices (SLs) with varying ZnCdO and ZnMgO sublayer thicknesses were deposited using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy.
Rigid organic molecule pillared Ti3C2 towards high rate capability and fast sodium ion storage
Authors: Zheng Cai-Xia , Jiao Ai-Jun , Fu Zhen-Hai , Hu Yu-Xia , Li Min-Peng , Li Hong-Yan , Yi Wei-Hai , Wang Xiao-Rui , Liu Meng-Chao , Zhu Fu-Liang , Liu Mao-Cheng
Published: February 2025

3,3′,4,4′-Biphenyltetracarboxylic acid molecules are pillared into Ti3C2 interlayers through a dehydration condensation reaction, achieving high Na+ diffusion kinetics and cycling stability.
Efficient spatial self-phase modulation in the near-infrared and visible regimes of transition metal carbonitride Ti3CN
Authors: Cao Jiawei , Xu Xiaodan , Huang Yixuan , Zhang Tengdong , Liu Ying , Yang Haotian , Zhao Jimin , Li Jun , Wu Yanling
Published: February 2025

The hetero-MXene Ti3CN exhibits efficient spatial self-phase modulation in both near-infrared and visible regimes, with a large third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (∼10−9 e.s.u.).
Foldameric receptors with domain-swapping cavities capable of selectively binding and transporting monosaccharides
Authors: Song Geunmoo , Lee Seungwon , Jeong Kyu-Sung
Published: February 2025

Foldameric receptors selectively bind and transport monosaccharide guests by forming dimeric complexes.
5-Methylated polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives as low-voltage-gated Ca2+ channel inhibitors
Authors: Hu Ya-Li , Dong Ding , Zhao Jian-Jun , Hu Kun , Kong Ling-Mei , Hu Yun-Xia , Li Xing-Ren , Li Song-Yu , Nian Yin , Xu Gang
Published: February 2025

Twenty-seven PPAPs (1–27), all decorated with a methyl group at C-5, were identified from Hypericum ascyron L. Compounds 1–3 are characterized by an unusual cyclopentane framework. Several compounds exhibited potent inhibition of LVGCCs.
Multiple effects of aromatic substituents on excited-state properties and singlet fission process in azaquinodimethane systems
Authors: Zhao Zhenxiang , Wang Senhao , Shi Xiaomei , Fu Hongbing , Wang Long
Published: February 2025

The multiple effects of aromatic substituents on excited-state properties and SF process were systematically investigated. Furthermore, a practical SF material system was successfully fabricated.
A Systematic Approach to Nitrate-Selective Molecular Cages based Synthetic Ionophore for Potentiometric Sensing Applications
Authors: Önder Ahmet , Begar Ferit , Kıbrıs Erman , Buyukcakir Onur , Yildiz Umit Hakan
Published: February 2025

Nitrate ions are prevalent pollutants in water and soil, posing risks to human health and the environment therefore it is important to monitor nitrate levels in various water and soil...
Hybrid phytoglycogen-dopamine nanoparticles as biodegradable underwater adhesives
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Sychev Dmitrii , Davydiuk Nadiia , Al-Hussein Mahmoud , Fery Andreas , Besford Quinn A.
Published: February 2025

Phytoglycogen-dopamine hybrids are developed as very sticky and biodegradable (towards glucosidase enzymes) underwater adhesive materials.
Mycelium–coir-based composites for sustainable building insulation
Authors: De Gargi , Yang Libin , Lee Jaejun , Wu Yu-Han , Tian Zhiting , Qin Zhao
Published: February 2025

We synthesized and characterized the advanced multifunctional features of mycelium–coir-based composites as a replacement for fossil-based foams used in building insulation.
Phenothiazine-based self-assembled monolayers for efficient tin perovskite solar cells with Co-cations
Authors: Abid Atika , Velusamy Arulmozhi , Afraj Shakil N. , Pervez Waqas , Su Ting-Yu , Hong Shao-Huan , Liu Cheng-Liang , Chen Ming-Chou , Diau Eric Wei-Guang
Published: February 2025

Schematic demonstration of the mixed cationic tin perovskite solar cells fabricated using a two-step approach with the hole-transport layer replaced by the bromide substituted phenothiazine self-assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules.
Dielectric enhancement by inorganic nano-fillers for triboelectric optimization
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Zhang Yihe , Liao Hongwei , Tong Wangshu
Published: February 2025

The relationship between TENG performance and dielectric enhancement by inorganic nano-fillers was comprehensively and systematically analysed.
Enhanced 3D sponge with asymmetric wettability: an efficient solution for ultra-low resistance oil aerosol filtration over extended durations
Authors: Zhao Shuaiheng , Zhou Fangqi , Tian Ye , Liu Yue , Feng Shasha , Feng Lin
Published: February 2025

The pressure drop of the 3D filter was two orders of magnitude lower than that of previously reported 2D fibrous filters and its quality factor was 30 times superior.
Oxygen vacancy-enriched NiO nanozymes achieved via facile annealing in argon for detection of l-Cys
Authors: Wu Sihua , Zou Jinhui , Zhang Baohua , Lu Jiantian , Lin Guanrong , Zhang Yuwei , Niu Li
Published: February 2025

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanozymes, as an excellent oxidase mimic, have been widely used in fluorescence biological detection, water pollutant analysis, food safety and cell imaging.
Highly efficient red/orange-red emitting Eu3+ and Sm3+/Eu3+ co-doped phosphors with their versatile applications
Authors: Pradhan Priyadarshini , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: February 2025

Highly efficient, red-emitting phosphors combined with a yellow dye and blue LED chip, exhibited superior white light emission and also be used in security applications (latent fingerprint detection, anti-counterfeiting, source for plant growth).