bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aportaciones de Goffman al análisis de un centro de rehabilitación para mujeres en Tijuana
Authors: Velázquez Fernández Benelli
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo busca presentar la manera como las mujeres viven el internamiento en un centro de rehabilitación de Tijuana. El estudio se centra en el análisis del centro de rehabilitación desde la perspectiva de Institución Total acuñada por Goffman; asimismo retoma las categorías de cuerpo y género para ahondar en la realidad estudiada. Las técnicas de investigación utilizadas fueron las entrevistas a profundidad, las observaciones etnográficas y la impartición de un taller de arte, lo cual permitió que las mujeres se sirvieran del dibujo y la palabra para expresar cómo pasan el tiempo en el albergue.
A Constituição equatoriana de 2008 : uma nova concepção de Estado e pluralismo
Authors: Petters Melo Milena , Burckhart Thiago
Published: May 2022

Nos últimos anos e décadas a América Latina passou por profundas transformações políticas que influenciaram diretamente na dinâmica constitucional. As transformações mais recentes, a partir da Constituição do Equador (2008), permite conceber o nascimento de um “novo” constitucionalismo no continente, preocupado com a sustentabilidade a democracia e remetendo-se a suas respectivas realidade plural, trazendo profundas inovações para o constitucionalismo democrático. Esse processo é enveredado pela refundação dos respectivos Estados, de modo que estes passam a ser ressignificados, ganhando novos sentidos e novos significados. Essa ressignificação vai de encontro com a forma do Estado de opulência que tem nascido na Europa contemporânea, tratando-se de um movimento contra hegemônico. Dessa forma, é perceptível que o pluralismo é um dos fundamentos desse Estado, de modo que o reconhecimento da diversidade social implica no desenho de uma nova institucionalidade, inclusiva e participativa, rompendo com uma série de padrões estabelecidos na modernidade. Nesse sentido, entende-se que o novo constitucionalismo contribuiu significativamente para o patrimônio comum do constitucionalismo democrático.
Les droits de la nature dans le nouveau constitutionnalisme latino-américain à partir du regard de l’anthropologie juridique
Authors: Brites Osorio de Oliveira Alice
Published: May 2022

L’article que nous présentons ci-dessous offre une vision de l’anthropologique juridique sur les droits de la nature dans le nouveau constitutionnalisme latino-américain. Pour ce faire, nous prenons en compte l'inclusion de deux expressions de la culture autochtone (pachamama et sumak kawsay) dans la Constitution équatorienne de 2008 sous deux angles : 1) le processus d'élaboration de la Constitution à partir des discussions sur l'inclusion des droits de la nature à travers les théories académiques, les revendications populaires et le travail des membres de l'Assemblée constituante et 2) même de cette Constitution où la nature est vue comme un sujet de droits et où les relations entre nature et culture présentes dans le texte constitutionnel sont mises en avant. L’octroi d’un statut de sujet de droit en ce qui concerne la nature a été le résultat de plusieurs manifestations populaires, mais aussi de discussions au sein de l’Assemblée Constituante. Lorsqu'ils sont inclus dans la Constitution équatorienne, les deux termes évoqués supra, sont modifiés pour correspondre au texte constitutionnel et à ses autres aspirations. L’impact qui en découlera dépasse les frontières géographiques et disciplinaires, même si la relation entre théorie et pratique montre la nécessité de surmonter encore certains éléments d’un profil politico-juridique qui persiste depuis la colonisation.
El "Buen Vivir": redefiniendo los debates sobre el "Desarrollo" y la "Justicia"
Authors: Nova Laverde Mariluz
Published: May 2022

El presente documento expone una revisión analítica del concepto y prácticas ancestrales del “buen vivir” y sus aportes a los debates teóricos sobre el “desarrollo” y la “justicia”. Se muestra cómo, en el marco de una crisis civilizatoria, la teoría crítica se remoza al calor de los movimientos sociales con arraigo territorial, cuyas reivindicaciones plantean un punto de quiebre con la ontología, dualismos y jerarquizaciones modernas. El buen vivir, como expresión de la cosmovisión indígena de Abya Yala, así como ejercicio de resistencias al extractivismo, la colonización y patriarcalización, se configura como alternativa al desarrollo y alimenta las teorías de la justicia, con reivindicaciones amplias sobre quienes son sujetos de justicia.
Buen Vivir: um pensamento transitável no Equador
Authors: Santos Elaine
Published: May 2022

A contemporaneidade dos estudos latino americanos urge como busca na apreensão dos processos históricos que marcaram as últimas décadas, entre eles, a aprovação de um nova Constituição no Equador com base no reconhecimento de um Estado Plurinacional e no Buen Vivir – baseando-se na cosmovisão andina. Passados dez anos desta transformação, considerada por muitos teóricos um marco histórico, examina-se neste artigo a iniciativa equatoriana analisando suas contradições na última década. A metodologia empregada é a da análise imanente com base nos principais estudos acerca deste tema e entrevistas realizadas com lideranças equatorianas envolvidas neste processo.
Neural Scaling of Deep Chemical Models
Authors: Frey Nathan , Soklaski Ryan , Axelrod Simon , Samsi Siddharth , Gomez-Bombarelli Rafael , Coley Connor , Gadepally Vijay
Published: May 2022

Massive scale, both in terms of data availability and computation, enables significant breakthroughs in key application areas of deep learning such as natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision. There is emerging evidence that scale may be a key ingredient in scientific deep learning, but the importance of physical priors in scientific domains makes the strategies and benefits of scaling uncertain. Here, we investigate neural scaling behavior in large chemical models by varying model and dataset sizes over many orders of magnitude, studying models with over one billion parameters, pre-trained on datasets of up to ten million datapoints. We consider large language models for generative chemistry and graph neural networks for machine-learned interatomic potentials. To enable large-scale scientific deep learning studies under resource constraints, we develop the Training Performance Estimation (TPE) framework to reduce the costs of scalable hyperparameter optimization by up to 90%. Using this framework, we discover empirical neural scaling relations for deep chemical models and investigate the interplay between physical priors and scale. Potential applications of large, pre-trained models for "prompt engineering" and unsupervised representation learning of molecules are shown.
Accessing Unusual Reactivity through Chelation-Promoted Bond Weakening
Authors: Flowers Robert , Boekell Nicholas , Bartulovich Caroline , Maity Sandeepan
Published: May 2022

Highly reducing Sm(II) reductants and protic ligands were used as a platform to ascertain the relationship between low-valent metal-protic ligand affinity and degree of ligand X-H bond weakening with the goal of forming potent PCET reductants. Among the Sm(II)-protic ligand reductant systems investigated, the samarium dibromide N-methylethanolamine (SmBr2-NMEA) reagent system displayed the best combination of metal-ligand affinity and stability against H2 evolution. Use of SmBr2-NMEA afforded the reduction of a range of substrates that are typically recalcitrant to single electron reduction including alkynes, lactones, and arenes as stable as biphenyl. Moreover, the unique role of NMEA as a chelating ligand for Sm(II) was demonstrated by the reductive cyclization of unactivated esters bearing pendant olefins in contrast to the SmBr2-water-amine system. Finally, the SmBr2-NMEA reagent system was found to reduce substrates analogous to key intermediates in the nitrogen fixation process. These results reveal SmBr2-NMEA to be a powerful reductant for a wide range of challenging substrates and demonstrate the potential for the rational design of PCET reagents with exceptionally weak X-H bonds.
Synthesis of Symmetric/Unsymmetric DPPE Derivatives via the Radical Difunctionalization of Ethylene: A Theory-Driven Approach
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Katsuyama Hitomi , Hayashi Hiroki , Kanna Wataru , Harabuchi Yu , Maeda Satoshi , Mita Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2022

1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) and its synthetic analogues are important structural motifs in organic synthesis, particularly as novel diphosphine ligands with a C2-alkyl-linker chain. Since DPPE is known to bind to many metal centers in a bidentate fashion to stabilize the corresponding metal complex via the chelation effect originating from its entropic advantage over monodentate ligands, it is often used in transition-metal-catalyzed transformations, and many unique reactions have been developed using this bidentate ligand. Symmetric DPPE derivatives (Ar12P−CH2−CH2−PAr12) are well-known and readily prepared, but electronically and sterically unsymmetric DPPE (Ar12P−CH2−CH2−PAr22; Ar1 ≠ Ar2) ligands have been less explored, mostly due to the difficulties associated with their preparation. In this study, we disclose a novel synthetic method for not only symmetric but also unsymmetric DPPE derivatives using two phosphine-centered radicals and gaseous ethylene, the latter of which is a useful and fundamental C2 unit that is ubiquitous in industrial processes. The thus obtained unsymmetric DPPE ligands can coordinate to several transition-metal salts in a bidentate fashion to form the corresponding complexes, one of which exhibits distinctly different characteristics than the corresponding symmetric DPPE–metal complex. A feasible radical reaction pathway toward DPPE was successfully designed using the artificial force induced method (AFIR) method, a DFT-based automated reaction path search tool.
某高原铁路特长隧道工程施工重大风险源风险等级评估
Authors: 军 郭
Published: May 2022

施工安全是铁路建设行业安全监督管理的重点，因此对隧道施工风险评估工作必不可少。论文改进了传统的评估方法，对某高原铁路特长隧道工程施工重大风险源进行了风险等级评估，评估过程中考虑了现阶段中国高原铁路隧道建设中特有的风险指标，对今后类似隧道工程建设具有一定的借鉴意义。
房屋建设工程施工监理管理要点分析
Authors: 文梁 毛
Published: May 2022

随着当代社会生活的水平不断在进步发展与持续发展，建筑行业更是得到了一种前所未有的繁荣发展，与此同时，建筑行业内企业的竞争格局也变得愈演愈烈。房屋建设工程作为目前建筑行业体系中与当代人们日常生活息息相关的重要组成部分，其重要性受到引起了广大社会以及各界有识之士的日益广泛关注重视的同时，却也承受着极大的竞争压力。
跨地裂缝铁路站房施工技术应用研究
Authors: 雪冬 瓮
Published: May 2022

以西安站改扩建工程为依托，结合该项目跨西安F3地裂缝的特点，针对中国建筑工程项目在遇到地裂缝时设计、施工过程中存在的难题，在建筑围护结构及构造措施处理方面，通过理论分析、数值模拟相结合的方式，对建筑各个部位的围护构件展开研究，掌握建筑主体在复杂边界条件下的受力状态及变形特征，确定合理的构造设计方法，提出具体构造措施方案，减小地裂缝活动对工程整体产生的不良影响。
Hipertermia maligna
Authors: Benalcázar Castro Paola Alejandra , García Erazo Esteban Alfredo , Caisa Villacrés Virginia Zeneida , Torres Nieto Javier David , Solorzano Zambrano Johanna Sofia
Published: May 2022

La hipertermia maligna es una miopatía metabólica, cuyos pacientes portadores tienen una respuesta diferente a la población general ante la presencia de un agente desencadenante como a los analgésicos volátiles y relajantes musculares despolarizantes. Su incidencia varía entre 1:10.000 a 1: 250.000 anestesias. Su mortalidad actual usando el tratamiento etiológico es de 5%. La crisis de hipertermia maligna se manifiesta con taquicardia, hipercapnia, rigidez de los músculos maseteros y generalizada, hipertermia que se acompaña de acidosis, hiperkalemia, rabdomiólisis, hipoxemia, insuficiencia renal aguda, arritmias cardiacas, falla cardiaca, para cardiorrespiratorio y muerte. Se han identificado variantes en el receptor de rianodina del músculo esquelético como causantes de más del 70% de los casos de hipertermia maligna a través del gen RYR1 localizado en el cromosoma 19 (19q13.1). La prueba estándar de oro para realizar un diagnostico adecuado es la prueba de contractura de halotano-cafeína hasta el momento no disponible en Ecuador. El tratamiento oportuno con dantroleno sódico ha disminuido notablemente la tasa de mortalidad asociada a esta rara pero fatal enfermedad.
Beyond Identifying Emergent Themes in Mixed Methods Research Studies: The Role of Economic Indices: The Thematic Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Thematic Concentration Ratio
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J.
Published: May 2022

The formal use of the technique of quantitizing has made, and continues to make, a valuable contribution to the mixed methods research field, inspired by the groundbreaking first edition of Miles and Huberman’s (1984) book that was published during the height of the so-called paradigm wars of the 1980s. However, unfortunately, until very recently, the overwhelming majority of quantitizing has involved descriptive-based quantitizing, and scant attention has been paid to more advanced types of quantitizing, which include exploratory-based quantitizing, measurement-based quantitizing, and inferential-based quantitizing, as described by Onwuegbuzie (in press) and Onwuegbuzie and Johnson (2021). Yet, these forms of quantitizing help to enhance the quality of meta-inferences in mixed methods research studies, which, in turn, enhance the meaning-making process. With this goal of enhancing the meaning-making process in mind, the purpose of this current editorial has been to demonstrate how two economic indices, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Concentration Ratio, can help to contextualize emergent themes that have been subjected to descriptive-based quantitizing—yielding what I term as a Thematic Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Thematic Concentration Ratio. In particular, after describing in detail these two economic indices in a step-by-step manner, I use real data to illustrate how these indices not only can serve as additional descriptive-based quantitizing, but also can lead to exploratory-based quantitizing and inferential-based quantitizing.
Patologías sociales como imposición de un tipo de racionalidad práctica
Authors: Pereira Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Las patologías sociales son procesos sociales que toman su nombre en contraposición con lo que sería un estado social saludable que se toma como referencia, y puede reconstruirse a partir de la forma en que ejercemos nuestra libertad y autonomía como manifestaciones de nuestra racionalidad práctica. La tradición que ha conceptualizado las patologías sociales establece como rasgo distintivo a la imposición de la racionalidad de medios a fines en espacios sociales ajenos a ella. Voy a defender que este rasgo puede generalizarse y radicalizarse para explicar a los procesos sociales patológicos como casos de imposición de los diferentes tipos de racionalidad práctica en espacios sociales ajenos a su lógica. A su vez, se introducirá una explicación de estos procesos a partir de los mecanismos cognitivos que llevan a una transformación no consciente de nuestras creencias y que modifican el sentido de una práctica compartida.
La dignidad como principio deontológico del humanismo
Authors: Cano Cabildo Sissi
Published: May 2022

Consideramos que el humanismo se construye a partir del reconocimiento universal del ser humano como persona y dicho reconocimiento no sería posible sin la asunción del principio de la dignidad humana. La dignidad sería un principio deontológico del humanismo en cuanto que no hay razones exógenas que expliquen el valor autorreferencial del ser humano pero que es necesario presuponer para fundamentar los derechos humanos de una forma no excluyente. Ahora bien, este sentido de la dignidad tendría dos grandes enfoques: uno ontológico, que postularía el reconocimiento universal del ser humano como persona y otro nivel ético, que correspondería a la exigencia moral de respetar la autonomía moral de uno mismo y de los demás.
Justice Breyer, Copyright, and Libraries
Authors: Band Jonathan
Published: May 2022

On the occasion of Associate Justice Stephen Breyer retiring at the end of this US Supreme Court term, Jonathan Band, who represents and advises the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) on copyright issues, wrote a reflection on Breyer’s impact on the application of copyright law to libraries. In this brief paper, Band reviews Breyer’s majority opinion in Kirtsaeng v. Wiley (2013), which clarified that the first-sale doctrine applied to copies manufactured abroad, and the dissenting opinion Breyer wrote in Golan v. Holder (2012), in which the associate justice drew heavily on amicus briefs filed by the library community and provided language on the important role of libraries in preserving cultural heritage that can be cited in future cases. These two opinions, Band concludes, “reflect a deep understanding of the impact of copyright on libraries, an appreciation for the historic mission of libraries in promoting cultural heritage and making information accessible to the public, and an effort to apply the copyright law in a manner that does not interfere with this mission.”
Meningkatkan Kualitas Produk Segar Asal Tanaman untuk Mendukung Agrowisata di Sembalun Bumbung
Authors: Pratama David Putra , Awaliya Ananda , Radianti Ni Putu Eka , Nuraini Nuraini , Hasanah Uswatun , Juanda LaluAzis , Inzaghi Muhammad Tryora , Zikri Toni Istofan , Sarjan Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Sembalun Bumbung Village is one of the many villages in Sembalun subdistrict that is very strategically conditioned, both in the fields of agriculture, plantations and animal husbandry. The natural wealth owned by the people of Sembalun Bumbung is also one of them there are tours or ecotourism in it. So in this case, the increase in natural wealth results is the most important part of our Thematic KKN program with the theme Rumah Pangan Lestari. Fresh processed products as a support base in increasing tourism is one of the most important parts to develop the results of natural wealth and tourism, elaboration and collaboration as a basis for increasing Agrotourism in Sembalun District, Sembalun Bumbung Village
Treatment of advance keratoconus using donor bowman layer: the zaman technique of bowman layer transplantation (Type I & Type II)
Authors: Zaman Shah , Ibrar Hussain , Sanaullah Jan , P S Mahar , Mazhar Ishaq , Fawad Rizvi
Published: May 2022

Commonly referred to as an ecstatic, non-inflammatory disease, Keratoconus, usually bilateral and asymmetric, is characterized by progressive steeping and thinning of the cornea. This results in irregular astigmatism which compromises vision [1,2]. Traditionally, early Keratoconus stages have been treated by prescribing a hard contact lens to obtain a regular anterior optical surface. This tendency was discontinued when contact lens intolerance in advanced stages required the use of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) or deep anterior lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK). An alternative technique of corneal cross-linking was designed in 2003 as a treatment option for keratoconus. The cornea measured at least 400 um thickness after epithelium removal and pre-operative maximum keratometry (Kmax) measured 58D or less. As a result, no corneal transplantation was required or postponed [3].
Entire Process Simulation of Friction Stir Welding — Part 1: Experiments and Simulation
Authors:   American Welding Society, XIE YUMING , MENG XIANGCHEN , HUANG YONGXIAN
Published: May 2022

Understanding structure-parameter-property relationships in friction stir welding of aluminum alloys is a challenge despite its wide application in load-bearing components. In this paper, we propose a combined strategy for mapping the macro- and microstructural responses of these joints. A combined model based on experiment validation was adopted for the prediction of tensile strength. This included the computational fluid dynamics model, precipitation evolution model, dynamic recrystallization and recovery model, and computational solid mechanics model. The comparison between the experimental results and the combined model proved the rationality and accuracy of this numerical model.
ASPEK SOSIAL DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM NOVEL GURU AINI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA
Authors: IRMA CINTYA NURIKA , Asri Tisatun
Published: May 2022

The research aims to determine and describe the existence of a matematics teacher in the novel Guru Aini, socio-cultural background and educational values contained in the novel. The research is a descriptive research method qualitative content analysis. The research novel Guru Aini is examined with the approach of sociology literature. Validation is used triangulation theory with stages of reading, records, and analysis of the document. The result of this research incate that the existence of a mathematics teacher most feared by students. This is because mathematics is considered a difficult subject to understand so that many students who dislike mathematics. Then the socio-cultural background in Guru Aini’s novel includes customs and beliefs such as the habit of sprinkling sand into the air while avoiding danger, the language used in Indonesian wit a combination of Sumatera language, the religion that many Islamic figures adhere to, the work that is being carried out namely teachers and others, and the character’s last education is D-3 and high school. Finnaly, the educational value contained in Guru Aini’s novel includes the value of social education which is depicted from interaction of the character with community, the value of moral education which is depicted from attitudes and behavior of the characters, the value of religious education which is depicted from the teachings of Islam in the novel and the educational value of strunggle from character efforts in achieving his dreams. Keywords: Sociology, Literature, Novel, Value of Education
HUBUNGAN PROGRAM GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH (GLS) DENGAN LITERASI BACA-TULIS SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 TARAKAN
Authors: Apriani Eva
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the relationship and closeness between the School Literacy Movement Program (GLS) on the Reading and Writing Literacy of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan and the implementation of the GLS Program at SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population in the study were all class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan in the 2020/2021 academic year, totaling 345 students. Samples were taken based on the Simple Random Sampling technique. Based on the results of data analysis, 69 of 86 students showed a supportive attitude in the GLS and Literacy and Literacy Program at school and based on the results of Kendall's Tau-B correlation test at a significant level of 5% (N = 86) obtained a p-value of less than 0.05 ( 0.000 0.05) means that there is a relationship between the GLS Program and Literacy. Then, the result of Z count is greater than Z table (4,972 1.65). This shows that there is a significant and strong relationship between the GLS Program and the Literacy and Literacy of students in schools. Thus, it can be concluded that "There is a significant and strong relationship between the School Literacy Movement Program (GLS) and the Literacy of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan".Keywords: Literacy Movement, GLS, Read and Write Literacy
ANALISIS PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA SASAK TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN BAHASA ASING SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI DI KAWASAN EKONOMI KHUSUS MANDALIKA DESA PUJUT KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Wahidah Yulia Kurnia
Published: May 2022

The research took the population and sample in the Mandalika special economic area by taking focus of research on maintaining the use of the Sasak language as a medium of communication for people living in Mandalika area. Where, this research uses tapping method to get linguistic data that contains several variations. The data variations are distinguished based on three types, namely family realm, realm of friendship, and social realm. From these three domains, linguistic data were analyzed using the SPEAK technique from Dell Hymes. The aim was to find out the extent to which community in Mandalika special economic zone maintains when communicating using the Sasak language. Thus, the results of this research were, the used of the Sasak language was still very strongly used by the community in the family realm, the second Sasak language was also still maintained in the realm of friendship, while those that have begun to experience a shift was in the social realm. The shift that occurred in the social realm was due to the large number of tourists from various regions in Indonesia and even from outside of Indonesia State. Therefore, people when communicating they were used their second language such as Indonesian or foreign languages.Keywords: Sasak, Language Maintain; Communicative Method, Mandalika
A CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN BANKING SECTOR: OPPORTUNITY OR THREAT?
Authors: Drugă Răzvan-Ionuţ
Published: May 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant part of the activities carried out by the banking units is moved to the online environment. This fact automatically decreases the number of subsidiaries and, implicitly, generates the staff layoff. Also, this phenomenon affects the potential candidates for a position within a banking unit. Here, the most vulnerable category is students studying in the Department of Economics. One of the reasons they choose to enroll in a department with an economics major is the opportunity to work in the banking units. A survey was conducted to find out how economics students in Romania perceive these threats. A questionnaire was used as an instrument. Respondents (N=453) had the opportunity to express their intentions regarding career development in the banking sector, given the context created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article concludes with the most representative findings on this research topic.
Natural sources as promising future anticancer therapies - A review
Authors: Mahdi M. Thuwaini
Published: May 2022

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The alternative natural therapies are required as they considered to have less toxic side effects compared to current chemotherapy. In the current review Web Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, were searched to provide information about medicinal plants that have shown anticancer activity against various forms of cancer.
Understanding the effect of revolution and rotation of the earth on prayer times using accurate times
Authors: Raisal Abu Yazid , Rakhmadi Arwin Juli
Published: May 2022

Prayer time is closely related to the position of the Sun toward the Earth. The position of the Sun against the Earth is affected by the revolution and rotation of the Earth. Three cities were chosen to see the effect of revolution and rotation of the Earth on prayer times in the hemisphere, namely Stockholm city representing the northern hemisphere, Wellington city representing the southern hemisphere, and Pontianak city representing the equatorial region. Prayer times are calculated using the Accurate Times software during the equinox, summer solstice, and winter solstice in 2020. Locations in high latitudes will experience large differences in prayer times throughout the year due to differences in day and night lengths. Accurate Times software can show the prayer times difference in the hemisphere. Areas that sometimes experience day for 24 hours or night for 24 hours are difficult in determining prayer times. There are two options to overcome this problem, namely adjusting to neighboring countries where night and day can be distinguished or following prayer times in Mecca and Medina.�
0. Natura, fine, struttura del Thesaurus
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Questo Thesaurus, ospitato in Phaidra, riporta le mie idee attuali sull’educazione linguistica, focalizzando gli ambiti in cui credo di aver offerto un contributo originale alla comunità scientifica. È la mia eredità scientifica, distribuita in 17 video realizzati nel 2021-22, ciascuno accompagnato da una scheda che ne mostra l’architettura concettuale e che, usata come handout, facilita la comunicazione tra il Balboni virtuale e non interrogabile e chi guarda il video e vuole comprendere e ragionare su questi temi; per la persona curiosa che voglia approfondire, ogni handout ha l’elenco e, dove possibile, il link alle pubblicazioni in cui ho trattato il tema.
1 • Una teoria dell’Educazione Linguistica basata su modelli, indipendente da fattori culturali
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Negli anni Settanta-Ottanta, quelli della rivoluzione copernicana in linguistica educativa / edulinguistica / glottodidattica, c’era una quantità ingestibile di novità, idee, proposte, dichiarazioni di principio, esplorazioni transdisciplinari. Era una situazione stimolante, propria dei paradigm shifts, ma era un mare in cui si poteva solo naufragare.
Il mio contributo di fronte a tale complessità è stato quello di pensare a un’edulinguistica basata su modelli, intesi come strutture concettuali potenzialmente vere sempre e ovunque. I modelli sono ipotesi di verità, e quindi sono indipendenti dai valori culturali che plasmano i sistemi educativi. Credo sia il mio più importante contributo teorico.
4 • La glottodidattica umanistica: emozione, motivazione, attitudine
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Il ruolo della componente personale nella glottodidattica umanistica è essenziale, e su questi temi, insieme a quelli del rispetto con le persone con più lingue nella mente, ho dedicato molto del mio lavoro, offrendo un contributo che credo significativo alla prassi dell’insegnamento delle lingue in Italia e – almeno per quanto riguarda l’italiano – anche nel mondo.
6 • La costruzione della competenza comunicativa
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Credo che il mio maggior contributo all’edulinguistica (italiana) sia stato, insieme alla definizione epistemologica, il lavoro di quarant’anni sulla costruzione della competenza comunicativa in lingue non native e il suo perfezionamento in L1 – volumi, saggi, ma anche una trentina di manuali tra il 1978 e oggi, in cui l’approccio e il metodo si concretizzano in percorsi da attuare in classi vere con studenti veri, guidati da insegnanti veri. Tra i volumi che attestano questo lungo lavoro ce ne sono tre che rappresentano compiutamente la mia visione dell’aspetto operativo della linguistica educativa: Didattica dell’italiano come lingua seconda e straniera (1994), Tecniche didattiche e processi di apprendimento linguistico (1998) e Le sfide di Babele (2002). Sono volumi su cui si sono formate generazioni di docenti, e di cui vado orgoglioso, anche per la sintesi tra dimensione teorica e divulgazione.
7 • Cultura e civiltà nell’insegnamento delle lingue non native
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Il capitolo tratta la componente culturale della competenza comunicativa, ambito in cui, credo, il contributo che ho dato sia tra i più significativi. Sul binomio cultura/civiltà ho seguito la vita tracciata dal mio Maestro, Giovanni Freddi; sul tema dei problemi di comunicazione tra persone appartenenti a culture diverse sono stato il primo a scrivere sistematicamente in Italia, e il volume del 1999 segna il punto di partenza di questi studi nel nostro paese.
8 • La comunicazione interculturale
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Ho cominciato a lavorare al tema della comunicazione interculturale negli anni Novanta, come evoluzione delle riflessioni sul rapporto lingua/cultura/civiltà, all’interno del modello di competenza comunicativa. Credo che questo lavoro rappresenti uno dei miei contributi più originali all’approccio comunicativo: le precedenti riflessioni sulla comunicazione interculturale si inserivano nell’alveo semiotico oppure in quello pedagogico dell’educazione interculturale.
9 • Modelli operativi: l’organizzazione dei contenuti
Authors: Balboni Paolo E.
Published: May 2022

Nell’ambito dell’organizzazione dei contenuti, il mio contributo originale è stato capire che la mente non lavora per unità didattiche, strumenti programmatori che interessano gli autori di manuali e gli insegnanti, ma per unità d’acquisizione, diventate poi note come unità d’apprendimento.
Understanding the EU’s changing trade policy strategy towards the Asia-Pacific region from a role-theory perspective
Authors: GAO XINCHUCHU , CHEN XUECHEN
Published: May 2022

The past decade has witnessed an increasing nexus between the European Union’s trade and foreignpolicy toward Asia. On the one hand, the EU has sought to deepen economic cooperation with its keyAsian partners since this region has become central to the EU’s economic growth. On the other hand,the EU has increasingly used its trade policy as a foreign policy tool to pursue its geopolitical interestsin Asia. Against this background, the paper seeks to examine the dynamics of trade relations betweenthe EU and its Asian partners by adopting the role theory. Using this theory, this paper aims to providea holistic understanding of how the EU’s changing role in the EU-Asia trade relations has affected itspursuit of economic as well as geopolitical interests in Asia.
Slovenia: a case of a small, relatively new member country
Authors: Bučar Maja , Udovič Boštjan
Published: May 2022

The concept of differentiated integration (DI) is practically invisible in Slovenian politics. The analysis showed that the key words associated with DI are seldom used in parliamentary debates, coalition programmes or prime ministerial speeches. This suggests that the issue of DI is more a topic of academic discussion than of daily politics. While the low salience of DI in Slovenian political debates makes it hard to establish governmental positions in detail, the common thread throughout Slovenian foreign policy from independence in 1991 onwards has been that a strong and united EU is of key importance for Slovenia. The few instances where wording related to DI models was used reflect a concern about a multi-speed Europe, especially a fear that a multi-tier EU would mean fewer opportunities for future Slovenian governments and in general, fewer opportunities for smaller and/or less developed countries.
HELMINTH FAUNA OF THE COMMON CARP CYPRINUS CARPIO (LINNAEUS, 1758) FROM FISH FARMS OF BELARUS
Authors: Bychkova  , Yakovich  , Degtyarik
Published: May 2022

The common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the widely cultured
fish species in fish farms in The Republic of Belarus. The species proportion is 79.7%
of total fish production by country. Helminthic invasions are the most common
diseases of herbivorous fish. The research purpose is to study the helminth fauna
of the common carp from fish farms of Belarus. The article provides literature
and own research on the species composition of helminths and their prevalence
of this introduced fish species. From 1950 to the present the helminth fauna of
the common carp is represented by 19 species: 7 species of monogeneans (genus
Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 – 3, genus Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832 – 2, genus
Diplozoon Nordmann, 1832 – 1, genus Eudiplozoon Khotenovskii, 1985 – 1), 4 species of cestodes (genus Caryophyllaeus Gmelin, 1790 – 1, genus Khawia Hsu,
1935 – 1, genus Neogryporhynchus Baer et Bona, 1960 – 1, genus Schyzocotyle
Achmerov, 1960 – 1), 6 species of trematodes (genus Bucephalus Baer, 1827 – 1,
genus Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 – 1, genus Diplostomum Nordmann, 1832 –
1, genus Tylodelphys Diesing, 1850 – 1, genus Ichthyocotylurus Odening, 1969 – 1,
genus Sanguinicola Plehn, 1905 – 1), by ones of nematodes (genus Philometroides
Yamaguti, 1935) and acanthocephalus (genus Acanthocephalus Koelreuter, 1771).
During the parasitological examinations of the common carp from 5 fish farms in
Belarus we have been established its helminths species composition (5 species) and
their prevalence. Our findings suggest that carp cultivation in fish farms leads to
reduced species composition of parasitic worms.
FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRICHINELLA LARVAE IN THE MUSCLES OF SPONTANEOUSLY INFECTED RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES)
Authors: Vagin  , Malysheva  , Samofalova
Published: May 2022

The issues related to the distribution of trichinella larvae in various groups of skeletal
muscles of animals are quite relevant, as they are of great importance for the diagnosis
of trichinosis. There is a lot of contradictory information in scientific papers about the
distribution of trichinella larvae in the muscles of spontaneously infected predatory
mammals. The purpose of our research was to study the distribution of trichinella
larvae in various skeletal muscle groups in spontaneously infected red foxes (Vulpes
vulpes). Detection of trichinella larvae was carried out by compressor trichinelloscopy
and by the method of digesting muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice. Capsule-forming
trichinella (Trichinella spp.) were found in animal muscles. The most intensively
affected were the large masticatory muscle (68.1±30.7 larvae in 1 g of muscle tissue),
diaphragm (65.3±25.6), intercostal muscles (63.7±23.1) and tongue root muscles
(58.9±25.2). A lower intensity of invasion was noted in the splenius (36.6±14.4). In
the triceps muscle of the shoulder (2.1±2.2) and the calf muscle (2.9±2.5), a very low
intensity of invasion was recorded. Trichinella larvae were not found in the latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, superficial gluteus muscle and
middle gluteal muscle. Thus, in the spontaneously infected red foxes studied by us, the
highest invasion intensity was noted in the muscles of the trunk and head.
POTATO PROTECTION AGAINST GLOBODEROSIS IN BELARUS
Authors: Volchkevich  , Khalaeva  , Konopatsckaya
Published: May 2022

The golden nematode of potato is a quarantine species that is widespread in the Republic
of Belarus and a causative agent of potato globoderosis causing yield depression of up
to 90%. Chemical plant protection products are the most drastic and fastest method
to control the phytohelminth. The efficacy of Verango nematicide, KS was studied
on-site in the Quarantine Station of RUE "Institute of Plant Protection" on a natural
infection background which had 12.3-18.3 cysts/100 mL of soil. The invasive load of
the nematode in soil was determined before potato planting and during harvesting.
It was found that the rate of cyst increasing in soil was 0.9–1.2, and 1.3–2.3 without
the plant protection product, regardless of the Verango, KS frequency. The biological
efficacy of the nematicide varied depending on the year the studies were performed.
Thus, it was 29.8–32.7% under unfavorable weather conditions, and 45.1–47.9%
under favorable weather conditions for the phytohelminth development. Verango, KS
did not adversely affect the growth and development of potatoes and contributed to
accumulation and preservation of 0.3–3.6% to 8.8–9.7% potato tuber yield.
DETERMINING THE OVICIDAL EFFICACY OF DISINFECTANTS BY USING A MULTIFUNCTIONAL MICROCHAMBER
Authors: Gerasimov  , Aslanyan  , Podgornaya  , Tyryshkina
Published: May 2022

In the prevention of parasitic diseases, an important place is occupied by the search
for new chemical preparations for disinvasion. The selection criterion is often the
ovicidal efficacy of drugs against helminth eggs. The study of ovicidal efficacy is a
rather laborious process that requires certain skills. In publications devoted to this
topic, very little space is given to methodological issues. The traditional methods of
testing and selection of drugs for disinfestation, proposed by the guidelines, have
not changed much over the years. This article describes a new improved method
for determining the ovicidal effectiveness of disinfectants using a multifunctional
microchamber. An experimental comparison of the new method with the traditional
one was made. For comparison, the most time-consuming stage of the experiment
was chosen - the release of eggs from the action of the disinfectant. The advantages of
the proposed method are shown. It is simpler, and to perform the same work requires
3 times less actions than the traditional one. The release of eggs from the action of
the disinfectant using a multifunctional microchamber occurs 2,5 times faster than
using a centrifuge. The execution time of operations is less dependent on the speed
of the operator. And the use of a microchamber in setting up experiments reduces the loss of eggs in the process of their release from the action of the disinfectant by
almost 30%.
ANTHELMINTIC FOR MIXED PARASITOSIS
Authors: Gorbatov  , Chulkina
Published: May 2022

The antiparasitic program, which provides specific treatment and prevention regimens for fascioliasis, dictyoculosis, strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract and
other parasitoses is the most effective link aimed primarily at removing helminths
and preventing infection. Taking into account the total economic damage when
helminthofauna in animals is represented simultaneously by parasitic species, it is
necessary to be armed with anthelmintics of a wide spectrum of action. With their
help, it is possible to carry out preventive measures most effectively and forced deworming, taking into account the epizootic situation and the present background of
pathogens of invasions in the farm. As a result of the research, the higher efficiency
and prospects of using Santel in the long-term forecast and Santomectin compared
with the basic drugs of a narrow spectrum of action. Santomectin, acting on the
larval and adult stages of fascioles, prevents the development of acute fascioliasis, as
well as its transition to a chronic form; prevents the release of eggs of fascioles into
the external environment, chronically ill animals, all this has the best effect on the
epizootic situation, especially before being driven to pasture, and ultimately on the
health and productivity of animals; it allows solving the problem of mixed parasitosis
that cause the greatest economic damage; anthelmintics that are not active for larval
stages of fascioles, slightly prevent contamination of pastures with trematodes, for
the destruction of which repeated treatments are necessary
CURRENT TAXONOMY OF ANIMAL ANAPLASMOSIS
Authors: Gorbatov  , Chulkina
Published: May 2022

The main objective of the presented work is an attempt to give modern ideas about
anaplasmas and anaplasmosis of cattle and small ruminants. Anaplasmosis is a
blood-parasitic, transmissible, natural focal infection of animals and humans, occurring with the phenomena of deep anemia of an autoimmune nature and exhaustion caused by representatives of the Anaplasmataceae family of the order Rickettsiales. Anaplasmosis of cattle is currently widespread in Russia and in the world,
and in most cases occurs in association with pathogens of protozoal, bacterial, viral
infections, helminthiasis. The economic damage from it is very noticeable. One of
the important links in the control of anaplasmosis is a thorough study of the connections of arthropods and pathogens of natural focal anaplasma infections. The
pathogenesis of anaplasmosis has also been studied. Anaplasm penetrates into neutrophils at the site of tick suction or after dissemination into the bone marrow and
other tissues. The invaded neutrophils are activated for the secretion of chemokines,
which mobilize lymphocytes and macrophages, which subsequently trigger a subsequent cascade of immunological and pathogenetic reactions. In the last decade, the
method of comparing the nucleotide sequences of PCR amplification products has
been widely used in rickettsiology which allows to make significant amendments to
the taxonomy of anaplasmas.
MODERN EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE OF RUMINANTS IN THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC
Authors: Demilova  , Gadaev
Published: May 2022

The demand for high-quality and complete livestock products has always been faced
by veterinary service employees and has recently been on the rise due to various
biological medical products, procured feed paucity and high level of helminth
infections in animals. In this regard, annual maintenance of meat-type productive
animals is not only economically feasible, but also provides complete high-quality
products on wild grasses of mountain and plain meadows. The disadvantage of free
animal grazing on pastures of the south of Russia are pasture helminth infections,
especially from the family Trichostrongylidae. The research results show that the
prevalence of Nematodirus helminth infection has averaged 15.3% in cattle and
24.2% in sheep and goats in the last three years. The highest infection rate was
detected in 2021 and was 18.3% in cattle and 27.2% in small cattle. An important
role of invasive pathology in ruminants from the Chechen Republic is played by
helminths of the genus Nematodirus according to the obtained laboratory data. The
research purpose was to study the current epizootic situation on domestic ruminants
infected by helminths of the genus Nematodirus on the Chechen Republic natural
pastures.
PRINCIPLES OF DIGITALIZATION IN FOREIGN PARASITOLOGY
Authors: Elizarov  , Malysheva
Published: May 2022

Parasitic diseases are widespread in the world and represent medical, social and
economic problems for the public health of a huge number of countries. The
software products currently used in foreign parasitology for information processing
are designed for a wide range of users. Among them, it is possible to distinguish
both professional products that require certain training for use, and those that are
less demanding for the training of personnel working with them. These products
are being actively developed and tested in many countries around the world. The
article provides an analytical review of existing methods of digitalization in foreign
parasitology. Possible methodological techniques for conducting parasitological
research in connection with modern principles of digital technologies are
demonstrated. According to the literature, scientists from such countries as
Germany, New Zealand, Italy and Belarus have achieved the greatest success in
implementing the principles of digitalization in parasitological science. Analysis
of the spread of digitalization in foreign parasitology shows that it is increasingly
integrated into the usual methods of research. It can be concluded that the use of
modern digital technologies in the near future may find the widest application in
various areas of parasitological research.
DEACARIZATION-ASSOCIATED DYNAMICS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND THYROID HORMONE IN HENS AFTER DERMANYSSOSIS
Authors: Indyuhova  , Arisov  , Maximov  , Azarnova
Published: May 2022

The study of the sanogenetic mechanism implementation and the adaptation of
the body to extreme factors at the same time are hot topics for modern biology,
physiology, and parasitology, as well as for poultry industry. Poultry is exposed to
a whole range of extreme stress factors in the industrial sector. A special group is
biological stressors, in particular, hematophagous ectoparasites D. gallinae. Studies
conducted on High-Line laying hens on an industrial poultry farm showed that
the cortisol concentration increased significantly in their blood by 3.6 (p<0.001)
in dermanyssosis as compared to the control values. At the same time, the free
triiodothyronine concentration in the experimental birds was significantly lower by
14.5% (p<0.001) as compared to the control. After the poultry building deacarization
with the working emulsion 5% D-Cyphenothrin Emulsion of the drug, changes were
detected in the hormonal supply of the hens from the experimental group. Thus,
after dermanyssosis, they found an increase in the activity of follicular cells of the
thyroid gland and a decrease tendency in the function of the adrenal glands that
produces cortisol as compared to the control group. The described changes in the
hormonal supply of the experimental hens’ organism indicate the activation of
biophysiochemical recovery mechanisms of the birds’ organism and a tendency to
optimize their homeostasis.