bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Potential Geographical Distribution of Tobacco Blue Mold in China
Authors: DU Guoming
Published: January 2023

Tobacco blue mold is a serious tobacco disease, which has high risk of invasion in many areas, therefore, it is of particular importance to strengthen the quarantine work and to make a good prediction. Since each species has its own particular relatively stable ecological niche, one can predict the potential geographical distribution of tobacco blue mold in target areas like China. Based on the known distribution data of tobacco blue mold, 20 environmental factors were selected and combined support vector machine (SVM) with ecological niche model was used to predict the potential spatial distribution of tobacco blue mold and to obtain the optimal combination of SVM parameters through the brute force search algorithm. Search algorithm overcame the shortage of empirical method and improved the accuracy of prediction. The method was proved to be effective and feasible by cross validation which provided a robust theoretical basis for preventing the intrusion and spread of tobacco blue mold.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 883-888, 2022 (December) Special
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL HUJAN KARYA TERE LIYE
Authors: Rosiana Arriza Avi , Chanafiah Yayah , Amrizal
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini (1) mendeskripsikan fakta cerita dan tema yang berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter pada novel Hujan karya Tere Liye (2) mengetahui nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter  dalam novel Hujan karya Tere Liye. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Cara kerja pendekatan sosiologi sastra dalam penelitian ini adalah menemukan dan menganalisis nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam novel hujan berdasarkan analisis fakta cerita yaitu alur, tokoh, latar dan tema yang terdapat dalam novel dengan kaitannya sebagai cerminan dari nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Lail seorang anak yatim piatu yang memiliki budi pekerti yang baik. Keikhlasan dalam menerima kenangan menyakitkan membuat dirinya mampu menjalani takdir hidup dengan kuat.(2) Nilai peduli sosial, bertanggung jawab, kerja keras, gemar membaca, disiplin, bersahabat/ komunikatif, jujur, mandiri, kreatif, cinta tanah air, peduli lingkungan dan menghargai prestasi merupakan temuan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter pada novel ini. Pengarang  berusaha menghadirkan gambaran tokoh-tokoh yang berkarakter di era digital pada tahun 2040. Hal tersebut relevan dengan situasi pada saat ini. Novel ini memperlihatkan bagaimana teknologi yang tinggi dapat berdampingan dengan manusia yang berkarakter.
El uso progresivo de la Fuerza Pública de los agentes del orden en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano
Authors: Torres-Macias Bielka
Published: January 2023

El uso progresivo de la fuerza pública es un tema que se ha encontrado en la palestra del debate durante mucho tiempo en el Ecuador. Tanto sus límites, beneficios y propósitos han sido objeto de análisis y de discusión en el ámbito político y ciudadano. En este sentido, la investigación que se presenta tiene como objetivo analizar desde una perspectiva teórica y jurídica el empleo progresivo de la fuerza pública de la policía en el contexto que cumple el papel del Estado, que permita garantizar la seguridad de la ciudadanía y el respectivo orden público. Un punto de partida en esta temática, es el hecho de considerar a estos dos elementos como derechos garantizados por el Estado y que tiene como ente responsable para su estricto cumplimiento a la Policía Nacional. ¿En qué casos le está permitido ejercer ese orden y cuáles son los límites del uso progresivo de la fuerza pública? Son algunas de las aristas que se presentan en este estudio. A partir de un abordaje metodológico de carácter cualitativo, documental, descriptivo y bibliográfico, en este trabajo se elabora un análisis tanto en el ámbito jurídico como investigativo del empleo de la fuerza de la Policía Nacional, para el respectivo análisis de principios, resistencia y otras particularidades propias de esta problemática. Adicional a ello, se realiza un análisis de la defensa legítima y de esta manera se deja evidenciado la diferencia de esta figura, con el empleo que se hace de la fuerza de la Policía. Como resultado, se deja en evidencia de que la seguridad de la ciudadanía constituye uno de los derechos considerados más relevantes. Se concluye que tiene que socializarse de mejor forma el uso progresivo de la fuerza pública de los agentes del orden en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano.
A systematic review of mucoadhesive vaginal tablet testing
Authors: Zainol Abidin Ismin , Murphy Emma , Fehrenbach Gustavo Waltzer , Rezoagli Emanuele , Gately Noel , Major Ian
Published: January 2023

Drug administration through the vaginal tract is one of the oldest modalities of pharmacotherapy, and it is also one of the most explored. Since the vaginal cavity has a wide surface area, a plentiful blood supply, and a complexnetwork of blood arteries, it can evade hepatic first-pass metabolism and obtain high local drug concentrations.Vaginal pills look to be a good dose form since they are simple to use, portable, and can easily deliver therequired amount of medicine. Vaginal formulations, on the other hand, are vulnerable to rapid expulsion due tothe vaginal tract’s self-cleaning action, which reduces the formulation’s efficiency. Currently, there is an increasingamount of focus on mucoadhesive vaginal formulation research and development to fix the formulation at theplace where the medicine can be released and/or absorbed. This article examines all of the strategies used byresearchers to develop a mucoadhesive vaginal tablet that is safe, effective, and comfortable for the user.
Natural Products & Phytotherapeutics: why a new section?
Authors: Iriti Marcello
Published: January 2023

-
Massage Therapy As A Physical-Psychological Intervention Strategy In A Patient With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Alan Suresh Vázquez Raposo , Diana Gabriela Ramos Dichi , María de los Ángeles Dichi Romero , Luis Rey García Cortés , Fátima Korina Gaytan Nuñez , Lilia Miroslava Guzmán Rivas , Mireya Pérez Pérez
Published: January 2023

Cerebral palsy refers to a neurological disorder that produces alterations of motor control of early onset and not of progressive character. Now, according to etiology, Ruiz and Arteaga [1] also delimit the different factors or causes that can produce cerebral palsy, according to prenatal (during the baby's gestation), perinatal (during the baby's birth) and postnatal (after birth, before the brain reaches its full maturity) factors. The health personnel as well as the person in charge of the patient must work together to detect or decode the patient's needs, which turns the work into a symbolism that must be worked on and reinforced without exceptions, since it is what links us to the patient and the patient to us.
Evaluation of Fatigue Risk, Subjective Fatigue, and Work Motivation Level of Intercity Bus Driver
Authors: Zuraida Rida
Published: January 2023

In Indonesia, the bus is one of the affordable transportation for intercity/province routes. However, there are accident risks faced by bus drivers related to fatigue caused by inadequate rest and sleep. The objective of this study is to assess the bus driver fatigue risks level, accompanied by work motivation and subjective fatigue. Using the convenience sampling method, 300 intercity bus drivers from 12 bus companies (male, age between 25-68 years old (44.06 ± 9.83)) agree to involve in the study. Fatigue risk level was estimated by fatigue likelihood score (FLS) which indicated by driving tasks hours and the rest time opportunity. Work motivation and subjective fatigue were measured using 20 questions. The FLS result has a range between 13-39 (scale 0-40) or the risks are categorized into medium to very high. The major finding in this study, while a fatigue risks were relatively high, the subjective fatigue level were low to medium, and work motivations were medium to somewhat high. Statistical test showed that work motivation has a significant correlation with fatigue risks (p < 0.05; r = -0.139), but not with a subjective fatigue level.
Management of Diverticulitis and Prevention of Recurrence
Authors: Andreozzi Paolo , Zito Francesco Paolo , Sarnelli Giovanni , Cuomo Rosario
Published: January 2023

Acute diverticulitis is an acute inflammation of colonic diverticulae that is associated with an episode of severe, prolonged, lower abdominal pain (usually on the left side), changes in bowel movements, low-grade fever, and leukocytosis. Acute diverticulitis is a significant burden in industrialised societies, accounting for 313,000 hospitalisations in the USA alone, and a trend of rising incidence has been observed. Despite the high prevalence, the management of diverticulitis and post-diverticulitis is largely based on consensus more than evidence derived from randomised clinical trials. In this review we will focus on the diagnosis and management strategies for diverticulitis and post-diverticulitis.
Safety of Anti-TNFs in Patients with Immune-Mediated Disease
Authors: Humphry Nicola
Published: January 2023

In chronic inflammatory disease, TNF-α is produced in high concentrations, leading to excessive inflammation and eventually organ damage. The advent of anti-TNF therapy in clinical practice 20 years ago represented a significant change in the management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Common concerns regarding the safety profile of anti-TNFs include increased infection rates, associations with cancer, and safety in pregnancy. Regulatory authority guidelines to reduce risk include vaccination and screening for latent infections prior to treatment initiation. In general, pharmacovigilance and tailored medicine are the best methods for optimising anti-TNF therapy while minimising side effects. This mini review aims to summarise the current understanding of the safety profile of this drug class.
Building on a Strong Foundation to Address a New Era to Help Protect Against Pneumococcal Disease
Authors: International Meetings & Science
Published: January 2023

Antoni Torres, Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Spain, opened the symposium, noting that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have reduced pneumococcal disease through direct and indirect effects. However, the burden of pneumococcal disease remains substantial in adults, supporting the importance of further reducing vaccine-preventable disease and its impact on healthcare resource utilisation and public health. Mário Ramirez, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal, and Molecular Microbiology and Infection Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal, reviewed the changing serotype epidemiology of pneumococcal disease in Europe, and described important differences between pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines and PCVs. He detailed the dramatic direct impact of PCVs in children in decreasing the burden of vaccine-type (VT) pneumococcal disease, as well as indirect effects in unvaccinated populations, particularly adults. Residual VT-disease and increases in non-PCV13 disease underscore the need for additional disease coverage that may be afforded by higher-valent PCVs. Charles Feldman, Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, reviewed the considerable worldwide burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), including pneumococcal pneumonia. He noted that indirect effects in adults may be suboptimal, and herd effects may have reached their limit.

Feldman described adult populations that should be prioritised for pneumococcal vaccination based on risk factors, and stressed the importance of a comprehensive approach to increase adult vaccination. Finally, Wendy Watson, Vaccines Clinical Research, Pfizer, Collegeville, USA, described the adult PCV20 clinical development programme, emphasising that it was built on the well-established PCV13 platform. In the Phase III clinical trial programme, PCV20 was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to PCV13, regardless of prior pneumococcal vaccination history. Importantly, it was immunogenic across all ages studied and in those with chronic medical conditions. Wendy Watson concluded that PCV20 has the potential to simplify adult vaccination and help reduce the burden of adult pneumococcal disease.
OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN ASET DAERAH DI PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN LEBAK
Authors: Rahayu Sierfi
Published: January 2023

Permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan aset daerah Pemerintah Kabupaten Lebak, yaitu belum tepat waktu Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) dalam menyerahkan pencatatan aset setiap tahunnya, masalah lain masih belum tercatat aset yang hilang atau rusak, kemudian membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dalam melakukan rekonsiliasi inventarisasi aset daerah, Pemerintah di masa pandemi telah menghasilkan kebijakan baru terkait pengelolaan aset daerah, yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah  Nomor 28 Tahun 2020 Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Barang Milik Negara/Daerah. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tahapan pengelolaan aset daerah di Pemerintah Kabupaten Lebak dilakukan sesuai dengan Permendagri No 19 Tahun 2016, perbedaan yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan sebelum pandemi hanya pada pelaksanaan dan survei lapangan, untuk prosedurnya tetap sama selama melakukan pengelolaan aset daerah di masa pandemi.

 

Kata kunci : Optimalisasi, Pengelolaan, Aset
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE THROUGH DISCIPLINE AS INTERVENING VARIABLES
Authors: Putra Anggih Perian Guswan , Mulyanto Agus Iwan
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of work motivation and job satisfaction on the performance of educators through work discipline as an intervening variable. The type of research is explanatory, the data collection technique is interviews with guiding questions and questionnaires, the sampling technique is the census method with non-probability sampling, the number of samples is 47 educators in the production department. Data were analyzed through SPSS software. The results and discussion show that there is an effective work motivation on work discipline with a value of t count > t table, Effective job satisfaction on work discipline with a value of t count > t table, Effective work motivation and job satisfaction on work discipline with a value of F count. Medium, based on the Sobel test, effective work motivation of educators' performance through work discipline, has a t count > t table, and effective job satisfaction, educator performance through work discipline, has a t count > t table.

 

Keywords : motivation, satisfaction, discipline, educator performance, intervening
COVID-19 Pandemisi: Uzaktan Eğitimin Sağlık Alanında Eğitim Gören Öğrenciler Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: ŞAYLAN Aslıhan , DENİZ Omur , DIRAMALI Murat
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs salgını sebebiyle aniden geçilen uzaktan eğitim sisteminin sağlık alanında eğitim alan öğrenciler tarafından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Uygulamalı eğitimin önemli bir yer tuttuğu Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Tıp Fakültesi ve Sağlık Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören 505 öğrenci tarafından cevaplandırılan 43 soruluk anket çalışması faktör analizi ile incelendi. Sosyo-demografik veriler sayı ve yüzde olarak ifade edildi. Faktörlerin sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre değerlendirilmesinde cinsiyet için Mann-Whitney U; eğitim, okul ve uzaktan eğitime erişim şekli için ise Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Anket çalışmasına 357 (%70,69) kadın, 148 (%29,31) erkek öğrenci katıldı. Bu kapsamda; öğrencilerin cinsiyetleri ile mesleki kaygı (p=0,030) ve online ders takibi (p=0,001) bakımından anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu. Ek olarak eğitim düzeyine göre sistemik altyapı (p=0,007) ve çevrimiçi ders takibi (p=0,029) açısından anlamlı farklılıklar görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin okudukları okul ile mesleki kaygı arasında ise anlamlılık gözlenmedi (p=0,101).

Sonuç: Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitime bakışları olumlu olmakla birlikte, memnuniyetlerini etkileyen faktörler değişmektedir. Her ne kadar pandemi koşullarında uzaktan eğitim iyi bir bir altenatif olarak düşünülse de uygulamalı dersler açısından öğrenciler yüz yüze eğitimi tercih etmektedirler.
Hemşirelik Doktora Öğrencilerinin Hemşirelik Metaparadigmalarına İlişkin Görüşleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: KORKUT Sevda , BAYAT Meral , SEZER EFE Yağmur
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir üniversitedeki Hemşirelik Bölümü doktora öğrencilerinin hemşirelik metaparadigmalarına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu nitel çalışma, 2018-2019 eğitim ve öğretim yılında hemşirelik bölümünde doktora öğrenimi gören 19 öğrenci ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak, ortalama 40 dakika süren odak grup görüşmeleri ile yapılmıştır. Görüşmeden elde edilen veriler tematik olarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, doktora öğrencilerinin ifadeleri 8 tema altında toplanmıştır. Bunlar; doktora öğrencilerine göre hemşirelik metaparadigması, insan ve hemşirelikteki önemi, çevre ve hemşirelikteki önemi, hemşirelik ve önemi, sağlık ve hemşirelikteki önemi, bakım ve hemşirelik bakımının ayırt edici özellikleri, metaparadigmanın önemi ve hemşirelik mesleğine katkıları, hemşirelik metaparadigmaları ve metaparadigma olabilecek yeni kavramlardır.

Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların hemşirelik metaparadigmasını disiplinin sınırlarını çizen bir çerçeve, mesleğin temel yapı taşları olarak gördükleri, meslekte ortak bir dil oluşturmak, bilgileri sistematik kullanabilmek ve meslekte profesyonelliği ön plana çıkarabilmek için metaparadigmanın mesleğe katkılar sağladığını belirttikleri saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda hemşirelik metaparadigmalarını içeren hemşirelik eğitiminde bu konuya ilişkin lisans öğrencileri ile de nitel ve nicel çalışmalar yapılarak öğrencilerin metaparadigmanın hemşirelik için önemi konusunda farkındalıkları geliştirilebilir.
Investigation of Aggravating Risk Factors in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: YEKENKURUL Dilek , INCE Nevin , YILDIRIM Mustafa , SUNGUR Mehmet Ali , EŞCAN Elif , DAVRAN Fatih , ALTINSOY Hasan Baki , DÖNMEZ Betül , AKPİNAR Guleser
Published: January 2023

Aim: Coronavirus disease-2019 caused an epidemic that started in China about two years ago but affected the whole world. It was aimed to evaluate patients followed up with coronavirus disease-2019 infection, to determine risk factors and indicators for severe infection.

Material and Methods: Patients who received treatment as inpatient with coronavirus disease-2019 infection between March 15- June 01 2020 were investigated. Patients were divided into two groups according to their oxygen saturation; patients with oxygen saturation over 90% were group 1, patients with 90% or less were determined as group 2. This two groups were compared in terms of aggravating risk factors.

Results: In this study, 90 patients (46 female, 44 male) were included. Moderate-severe pneumonic involvement in computed tomography of thorax (p=0.002) and high fever (p
COVID-19 Pandemi Öncesi ve COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminde 3. Basamak Sağlık Kuruluşuna Başvuran Kişilerde Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı ve Astım Vakalarının Sıklıklarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KOYUNCU Adem , SARI Davut , SARI Gülden , ŞİMŞEK Cebrail , AKEL Ünal
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde nedeni bilinmeyen viral pnömoni olgularının bildirilmesi üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda yeni bir Koronavirüs etkeni saptanmıştır. Kronik hastalıklar, COVID-19 salgını ile salgının etkilerini arttıran bir zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu araştırma COVID-19 pandemi öncesi ve COVID-19 pandemi döneminde hastaneye başvuran kişilerde, Kronik Obstrüktif Akciğer Hastalığı (KOAH) ve astım vakalarının sıklıkları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığının saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya COVID-19 pandemi öncesi dönem ile COVID-19 pandemi döneminde hastanenin acil servis, poliklinikler ve servislerine başvuran KOAH ve astım hastaları alındı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen vakaların demografik verileri ile KOAH ve astım vakaları, pandemi öncesi dönem ile pandemi dönemine göre hem KOAH ve hem de astım toplam vakaları üzerinden hem de ayrı ayrı istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi. Pandemi öncesi ve pandemi döneminde hava kalite düzeyinin, KOAH ve astım vaka sıklıkları üzerine etkisi değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, COVID-19 pandemi dönemindeki hastaneye başvuran KOAH ve astım sayısı, COVID-19 pandemi öncesi dönemdeki hastaneye başvuran KOAH ve astım sayısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (p
Çocuk ve Adolesanlarda Uyku ile İlişkili Solunum Bozuklukları: Diş Hekiminin Rolü
Authors: BABAOĞLU Elçin , TUNA Elif
Published: January 2023

Normal solunum paterninde değişiklikler ve anatomik hava yolu darlıkları uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluklarında sıklıkla görülen durumlardır. Uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluklarına horlama, üst solunum yolu direnci ve obstrüktif uyku apnesi örnek verilebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozuklukları ileride gelişebilecek metabolik, kardiyovasküler, psikolojik, nörolojik bozukluklar ve davranış bozukluklarıyla da ilişkilendirilmektedir. Diş hekimleri uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluğu bulunan hastaların tanısı ve tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluğu bulunan çocuklarda birtakım semptomlar ve kraniyofasiyal anomaliler bulunabilmektedir. Diş hekimlerinin uykuda ile ilişkili solunum bozukluklarının belirtileri hakkında farkındalığının arttırılması ve hastaların erken dönem tedavilerinin hızlı bir şekilde yapılabilmesi ile hastaların hayat kalitesinin arttırıldığı bildirilmektedir. Bu şekilde çocuklarda ileriki dönemlerde gelişebilecek rahatsızlıkların ve kişide oluşabilecek sekellerin önüne geçilebilmektedir. Diş hekimlerinin klinikte rahatlıkla kullanılabilen ve uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozukluklarının teşhisinde kullanılabilecek invaziv olmayan yöntemler ve anketler hakkında bilgi sahibi olması, hastalarını doğru yönlendirmesi konusunda bilgilendirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Optic Coherence Tomography Findings in Hyperthyroid Patients without Ophthalmopathy
Authors: ESKİ Mehmet Tahir , TEBERİK Kuddusi , SEZER Taha , ÖNMEZ Atilla
Published: January 2023

Aim The aim of this study is to compare the choroidal, retinal, and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness of the patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism but did not develop ophthalmopathy with the euthyroid patients.

Material and Methods: Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), freeT3 (fT3) and freeT4 (fT4) tests of the patients were analyzed. Cases who came in with symptoms of hyperthyroidism and had a TSH lower than 0.5 mu/L were included to the study. Retinal thickness (RT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and choroidal thickness (CT) were calculated by means of spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results: A total of 82 participants, covering 40 (49%) hyperthyroid patients and 42 (51%) euthyroid healthy individuals, were examined. In terms of RT measurements, T500,T1000,T1500 and N1500 values were found to be lower in the HT group compared to the control group, and they were statistically significant (p
İnvazif Kandida Enfeksiyonu
Authors: ALTUN Gulsah , AKBAŞ Türkay , YEKENKURUL Dilek
Published: January 2023

Yüksek mortalite ve morbidite ile ilişkili olan fungal enfeksiyonların sıklığı giderek artmaktadır. Fungal enfeksiyonlarda en fazla saptanan etkenler kandida türleridir. Kandida enfeksiyonlarında en önemli risk faktörü, deri ve mukozaların kandida türleriyle kolonize olmasıdır. Vasküler ve üriner kateter uygulanması gibi invazif girişimler kolonizasyon ve enfeksiyon riskini arttırmaktadır. İmmunsupresif tedavi alımı, nötrofil ve lenfosit defektleri, fagosit anormallikleri, yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatışı olması, geniş spektrumlu antibiyotik kullanımı, mekanik ventilasyon, parenteral beslenme ve abdominal cerrahi de risk faktörlerindendir. Diğer enfeksiyonlardan ayırt edici semptom veya bulgusunun olmaması, kandida enfeksiyonlarının gözden kaçmasına ve geç tanı konulmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu nedenle klinik tanı için uygulanabilirliği kolay olan kandidanın kolonize olma indeksi, Ostrosky klinik tahmin kuralı ve kandida skorlaması sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Kesin tanı için maya veya hif formlarının, kan veya doku kültürlerinde gösterilmesi gerekmektedir. Mortalite riski yüksek olan bu enfeksiyonlarda, erken müdahale ölüm oranını azaltmaktadır. Tedavi yöntemleri profilaktik, ampirik, preempitif ve hedefe yönelik tedavi olmak üzere dört gruba ayrılmaktadır. Fungal enfeksiyon açısından yüksek riskli hastalarda, enfeksiyonun gelişmemesi için uygulanan koruyucu tedavi yöntemi profilaktik tedavidir. Ampirik tedavi, nedeni açıklanamayan ateşi olan ve steril olmayan alanlarda kandida üremesi saptanan hastalarda uygulanan tedavi yöntemidir. Yüksek olası invazif kandidiyazis için şokta olan hastalarda preempitif tedavi uygulanırken, steril ortamlarda kandida invazyonu gösterilen durumlarda hedefe yönelik tedavi verilmektedir.
Retrospective Analysis of the Effect of Hand-sewn and Stapler Closure of Pancreatic Stump After Distal Pancreatectomy on the Development of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: ÇİÇEK OKUYAN Gülten
Published: January 2023

Aim: Hand-sewn (HS) and stapled closure (ST) of pancreatic stump following distal pancreatectomy are two frequently used techniques. Rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) might be associated with stump closure techniques. This study was carried out to determine rates of POPF after distal pancreatectomy and evaluate impact of two closure methods on development of POPF.

Material and Methods: All patients who underwent elective open or laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for malignant and benign pancreatic pathologies between 2011 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were grouped as Groups HS and ST. POPF was diagnosed and graded according to International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula guidelines. Rates of biochemical leak and grades of POPF were primary outcome.

Results: There were 44 patients (28 in Group HS and 16 in Group ST) with a mean age of 51.8±15.1 years. Groups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics (p>0.05). There were 15 patients (53.6%) with a biochemical leak in Group HS. In Group ST, six patients (37.5%) developed biochemical leaks. There was no significant in difference between groups in terms of biochemical leak (p=0.305). No patient in Group ST developed a pancreatic fistula. There was only one case with Grade B POPF in Group HS. We did not detect a significant difference in terms of POPF between groups (p=0.999).

Conclusion: Both techniques had no significant impact on biochemical leak and POPF rates in patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy. Both pancreatic stump closure approaches are equally safe and can be used with similar clinical efficacy.
Cerrahi Tedavi Planlanan Lomber Disk Hernisi Hastalarında Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Tekniklerinin Kullanımı: Anket Çalışması
Authors: KILIÇ Güven , POLAT Ömer , EŞBAH Ali Ümit
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Lomber disk hastalığı ortaya çıkardığı kronik ve tekrarlayıcı bel ağrısı nedeniyle hastaların yaşam kalitelerini ve psikolojik durumlarını etkilemektedir. Ayrıca ciddi iş gücü ile ekonomik kayba neden olabilen bir hastalıktır. Ağrı nedeniyle son yıllarda hastalar geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp tekniklerine yönelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı lomber disk hernisi nedeni ile cerrahi uygulanacak hastalarda, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları (GETAT) ve non-farmakolojik yöntemler kullanma durumunun ve kullanılan yöntemlerin incelenmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Lomber disk hernisi nedeni ile cerrahi tedavi endikasyonu konulmuş 36 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar nörolojik muayene, Vizüel Analog Skalası, Karnofsky performans ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile GETAT ve non-farmakolojik yöntemler kullanma durumuna yönelik sorular yüz yüze görüşme sırasında soruldu.

Bulgular: Cerrahi endikasyon konulup çalışmaya katılan hastaların 18’i (%50) erkek ve 18’i (%50) kadın, yaş ortalaması 47,69±8,05 yıl idi. Herhangi bir GETAT yöntemi hastaların %55,6’sında tanı konulduğunda uygulatılmıştı. En sık uygulatılan GETAT yöntemi hacamattı. Fayda görmediğini bildiren hasta sayısı 27 (%75), daha kötüleştiğini bildiren hasta sayısı ise iki (%5,6) idi. Hastaların 26’sı (%72,2) bu yöntemlerin kullanılmasını önermemekteydi. GETAT uygulayan kişilerden sadece 4’ünün (%11,1) doktor olduğu öğrenildi.

Sonuç: Türk toplumunda da giderek kullanım sıklığı artan GETAT yöntemlerinin halk arasında doğru şekilde anlatılarak, bu konuda doğru bilgilenmenin sağlanmasına, sağlıkçılar tarafından uygulamaların yapılması konusunda önlemler alınmasına ihtiyaç vardır.
Fokal Asimetrik Meme Dansitelerinin Değerlendirilmesinde Tomosentezin Tanıya Katkısı
Authors: GÜÇLÜ Derya , NALDEMİR İbrahim Feyyaz , UNLU Elif Nisa , ÖNBAŞ Ömer
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile mamografik incelemelerde fokal asimetrik dansite saptanan ve ek tetkik gerektiren olgularda tomosentezin tanıya katkısını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastanemiz Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı Meme Görüntüleme Ünitesine Şubat 2020-Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında tarama ya da tanısal amaçlı dijital mamografi tetkiki yapılan ve fokal asimetrik meme dansitesi saptanan 56 olguya, ek olarak tomosentez inceleme yapıldı ve bulgular BI-RADS kullanılarak sınıflandırıldı. Hasta yaşı, meme paterni, fokal asimetik dansite bulunan meme ve kadranı kaydedildi. Sonrasında tamamlayıcı ve altın standart tetkik olarak bilateral meme ultrasonografi incelemesi yapılarak bulgular kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Dijital mamografi görüntüleme sonucunda fokal asimetrik dansite nedeniyle BI-RADS 0 olarak değerlendirilen 56 kadın olgunun ortalama yaşları 51,5 ± 8,1’dir. %12,5’i (n=7) A tipi, %42,9’u (n=24) B tipi, %41,1’i (n=23) C tipi, %3,6’sı (n=2) D tipi meme paternine sahiptir. Fokal asimetrik dansitelerin % 44,6’sı (n=25) sağ, %55,4’ü (n=31) sol memede saptanmıştır. Dijital tomosentez incelemelerinin değerlendirilmesinde, olguların % 41,1’i (n=23) BI-RADS 1, % 16,1’i (n=9) BI-RADS 2, % 21,4’ü (n=12) BI-RADS 3, 21,4’ü (n=12) BI-RADS 4 olarak sınıflanmıştır. Ultrasonografik incelemede hastaların %42,9’u (n=24) asimetrik fibroglandüler doku, %17,9’u (n=10) olası benign lezyon, % 19,6’sı (n=11) ise malign lezyon olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Histopatolojik inceleme önerilen 12 hastanın ikisi stromal fibrozis, diğer 10’u ise biri lobüler olmak üzere invaziv meme karsinomu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma mamografik incelemeler ile morfolojisi değerlendirilemeyen ve ek tetkik gerektiren fokal asimetrik dansitelerde tomosentezin tanısal önemini vurgulamaktadır. Tomosentez, son dekatta kullanımı giderek artan ve parankime süperpoze lezyonlarda yaşanabilecek tanı güçlüklerini çözebilecek görece yeni bir tekniktir.
Edukasi Pencegahan Stunting Menggunakan Smart Chart pada Keluarga 1000 HPK
Authors: Ramadhan Kadar , Entoh Christina , Nurfatimah Nurfatimah , Waisawati Cintu , Mowemba Maria , Laiga Astiyani A. , Anakoda Priska
Published: January 2023

A mother's good knowledge about stunting is very important in preventing stunting in children. If a mother has enough knowledge about good nutrition, she can make the right decisions about the food to give to the child during the growth period, so that the child can grow well and avoid stunting problems. The goal of this activity is to increase the family's knowledge about stunting using a smart chart. This activity is carried out in Sangginora Village, Poso District, targeting families with children aged 0-23 months. The education media used is a smart chart containing 3 key messages: understanding, danger, and prevention of stunting. The results of the activity showed an increase in the mother's knowledge about stunting. The smart posters placed in the target houses allow for frequent reading by the mother and other family members. We recommend that the Family Support Team (TPK) of Sangginora Village attach the smart posters to new families in the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK).
Multiple Modular Engineering of Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Cell Factories for Enhanced Production of Alkaline Proteases From B. Clausii
Authors: Zhang Jinfang , Zhu Baoyue , Li Xinyue , Xu Xiaojian , Li Dengke , Zeng Fang , Zhou Cuixia , Liu Yihan , Li Yu , Lu Fuping
Published: January 2023

Graphical Abstract
Perturbed actin cap as a new personalized biomarker in primary fibroblasts of Huntington’s disease patients
Authors: Gharaba Saja , Paz Omri , Feld Lea , Abashidze Anastasia , Weinrab Maydan , Muchtar Noam , Baransi Adam , Shalem Aviv , Sprecher Uri , Wolf Lior , Wolfenson Haguy , Weil Miguel
Published: January 2023

Primary fibroblasts from patient’s skin biopsies are directly isolated without any alteration in the genome, retaining in culture conditions their endogenous cellular characteristics and biochemical properties. The aim of this study was to identify a distinctive cell phenotype for potential drug evaluation in fibroblasts from Huntington’s Disease (HD) patients, using image-based high content analysis. We show that HD fibroblasts have a distinctive nuclear morphology associated with a nuclear actin cap deficiency. This in turn affects cell motility in a similar manner to fibroblasts from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) patients used as known actin cap deficient cells. Moreover, treatment of the HD cells with either Latrunculin B, used to disrupt actin cap formation, or the antioxidant agent Mitoquinone, used to improve mitochondrial activity, show expected opposite effects on actin cap associated morphological features and cell motility. Deep data analysis allows strong cluster classification within HD cells according to patients’ disease severity score which is distinct from HGPS and matching controls supporting that actin cap is a biomarker in HD patients’ cells correlated with HD severity status that could be modulated by pharmacological agents as tool for personalized drug evaluation.
Morphology of blood microbiota in healthy individuals assessed by light and electron microscopy
Authors: Tsafarova Borislava , Hodzhev Yordan , Yordanov Georgi , Tolchkov Vladimir , Kalfin Reni , Panaiotov Stefan
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The blood microbiome is still an enigma. The existence of blood microbiota in clinically healthy individuals was proven during the last 50 years. Indirect evidence from radiometric analysis suggested the existence of living microbial forms in erythrocytes. Recently targeted nucleic acid sequencing demonstrated rich microbial biodiversity in the blood of clinically healthy individuals. The morphology and proliferation cycle of blood microbiota in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from freshly drawn and cultured whole blood are obscure.

Methods

To study the life cycle of blood microbiota we focused on light, and electron microscopy analysis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from freshly drawn blood and stress-cultured lysed whole blood at 43°C in presence of vitamin K from healthy individuals were studied.

Results

Here, we demonstrated that free circulating microbiota in the PMBC fraction possess a well-defined cell wall and proliferate by budding or through a mechanism similar to the extrusion of progeny bodies. By contrast, stress-cultured lysed whole blood microbiota proliferated as cell-wall deficient microbiota by forming electron-dense or electron-transparent bodies. The electron-dense bodies proliferated by fission or produce in chains Gram-negatively stained progeny cells or enlarged and burst to release progeny cells of 180 – 200 nm size. On the other hand, electron-transparent bodies enlarged and emitted progeny cells through the membrane. A novel proliferation mechanism of blood microbiota called by us “a cell within a cell” was observed. It combines proliferation of progeny cells within a progeny cell which is growing within the “mother” cell.

Discussion

The rich biodiversity of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbiota identified in blood by next-generation sequencing technologies and our microscopy results suggest different proliferation mechanisms in whole and cultured blood. Our documented evidence and conclusions provide a more comprehensive view of the existence of normal blood microbiota in healthy individuals.
Characterization of serum biomarkers and antibody responses against Prevotella spp. in preclinical and new-onset phase of rheumatic diseases
Authors: Amend Lena , Gilbert Benoît Thomas P. , Pelczar Penelope , Böttcher Marius , Huber Samuel , Witte Torsten , Finckh Axel , Strowig Till
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The characterization of the influence of the microbiota on the development and drug responses during rheumatic diseases has intensified in recent years. The role of specific bacteria during disease development has become a central research question. Notably, several lines of evidence point to distinct microbes, e.g., Prevotella copri (P. copri) being targeted by antibodies in clinical phases of rheumatic diseases.

Methods

In the present study, we compiled a broad collection of human serum samples from individuals at risk of developing RA, chronic RA patients as well as patients with new-onset of rheumatic diseases. We evaluated the presence of inflammatory biomarkers in our serum collection as well as serum antibody responses against novel, genetically distinct isolates of P. copri and several oral pathobionts.

Results

Our analysis revealed the presence of increased levels of inflammatory markers already in pre-clinical and new onset rheumatoid arthritis. However, antibody reactivity against the microbes did not differ between patient groups. Yet, we observed high variability between the different P. copri strains. We found total serum IgG levels to slightly correlate with IgG antibody responses against P. copri, but no relation between the latter and presence or prevalence of P. copri in the intestine.

Discussion

In conclusion, our work underlined the importance of strain-level characterization and its consideration during further investigations of host-microbiota interactions and the development of microbiome-based therapeutic approaches for treating rheumatic diseases.
Severe persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation causes lymphopenia through impairing hematopoiesis
Authors: Li Fei , Ma Yanlin , Li Xiaoping , Zhang Dan , Han Jiangyuan , Tan Daquan , Mi Youjun , Yang Xiaojuan , Wang Juan , Zhu Bingdong
Published: January 2023

Miliary tubersculosis (TB), an acute systemic blood disseminated tuberculosis mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), can cause signs of lymphopenia in clinical patients. To investigate whether/how persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation impairs hematopoiesis and the therapeutic effect of interleukin-7 (IL-7), a mouse model of Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravenous infection with/without an additional stimulation with M. tuberculosis multi-antigen cocktail containing ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) and Mtb10.4-HspX (MH) was established. Consistent with what happened in miliary TB, high dose of BCG intravenous infection with/without additional antigen stimulation caused lymphopenia in peripheral blood. In which, the levels of cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum increased, and consequently the expression levels of transcription factors Batf2 and IRF8 involved in myeloid differentiation were up-regulated, while the expression levels of transcription factors GATA2 and NOTCH1 involved in lymphoid commitment were down-regulated, and the proliferating activity of bone marrow (BM) lineage- c-Kit+ (LK) cells decreased. Furthermore, recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2-mediated IL-7 (rAAV2-IL-7) treatment could significantly promote the elevation of BM lymphoid progenitors. It suggests that persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation impaired lymphopoiesis of BM hematopoiesis, which could be restored by complement of IL-7.
Are long-term climate projections useful for on-farm adaptation decisions?
Authors: Jagannathan Kripa , Pathak Tapan B. , Doll David
Published: January 2023

The current literature on climate services for farmers predominantly focuses on seasonal forecasts, with an assumption that longer-term climate projections may not be suitable for informing farming decisions. In this paper, we explore whether certain types of long-term climate projections may be useful for some specific types of farming decisions. Through interviews with almond tree crop farmers and farm advisors in California, we examine how farmers perceive the utility and accuracy levels of long-term climate projections and identify the types of projections that they may find useful. The interviews revealed that farmers often perceive long-term climate projections as an extension of weather forecasts, which can lead to their initial skepticism of the utility of such information. However, we also found that when farmers were presented with long-term trends or shifts in crop-specific agroclimatic metrics (such as chill hours or summer heat), they immediately perceived these as valuable for their decision-making. Hence, the manner in which long-term projections are framed, presented, and discussed with farmers can heavily influence their perception of the potential utility of such projections. The iterative conversations as part of the exploratory interview questions, served as a tool for “joint construction of meaning”of complex and ambiguous terms such as “long-term climate projections,” “long-term decisions” and “uncertainty.” This in-turn supported a joint identification (and understanding) of the types of information that can potentially be useful for on-farm adaptive decisions, where the farmer and the interviewer both improvise and iterate to find the best types of projections that fit specific decision-contexts. Overall, this research identifies both the types of long-term climate information that farmers may consider useful, and the engagement processes that are able to effectively elicit farmers' long-term information needs.
Sex and age differences in sST2 in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Beetler Danielle J. , Bruno Katelyn A. , Di Florio Damian N. , Douglass Erika J. , Shrestha Swikriti , Tschöpe Carsten , Cunningham Madeleine W. , Krejčí Jan , Bienertová-Vašků Julie , Pankuweit Sabine , McNamara Dennis M. , Jeon Eun-Seok , van Linthout Sophie , Blauwet Lori A. , Cooper Leslie T. , Fairweather DeLisa
Published: January 2023

Aims

The goal of this study was to determine whether sex and age differences exist for soluble ST2 (sST2) for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods

We examined sST2 levels using an ELISA kit for myocarditis (n = 303), cardiomyopathy (n = 293), coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 239), myocardial infarct (MI) (n = 159), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (n = 286) and compared them to controls that did not have CVDs (n = 234).

Results

Myocarditis occurred in this study in relatively young patients around age 40 while the other CVDs occurred more often in older individuals around age 60. We observed a sex difference in sST2 by age only in myocarditis patients (men aged 38, women 46, p = 0.0002), but not for other CVDs. Sera sST2 levels were significantly elevated compared to age-matched controls for all CVDs: myocarditis (p ≤ 0.0001), cardiomyopathy (p = 0.0009), CAD (p = 0.03), MI (p = 0.034), and CHF (p < 0.0001) driven by elevated sST2 levels in females for all CVDs except myocarditis, which was elevated in both females (p = 0.002) and males (p ≤ 0.0001). Sex differences in sST2 levels were found for myocarditis and cardiomyopathy but no other CVDs and were higher in males (myocarditis p = 0.0035; cardiomyopathy p = 0.0047). sST2 levels were higher in women with myocarditis over 50 years of age compared to men (p = 0.0004) or women under 50 years of age (p = 0.015). In cardiomyopathy and MI patients, men over 50 had significantly higher levels of sST2 than women (p = 0.012 and p = 0.043, respectively) but sex and age differences were not detected in other CVDs. However, women with cardiomyopathy that experienced early menopause had higher sST2 levels than those who underwent menopause at a natural age range (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

We found that sex and age differences in sera sST2 exist for myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and MI, but were not observed in other CVDs including CAD and CHF. These initial findings in patients with self-reported CVDs indicate that more research is needed into sex and age differences in sST2 levels in individual CVDs.
A machine learning approach to quantify gender bias in collaboration practices of mathematicians
Authors: Steinfeldt Christian , Mihaljević Helena
Published: January 2023

Collaboration practices have been shown to be crucial determinants of scientific careers. We examine the effect of gender on coauthorship-based collaboration in mathematics, a discipline in which women continue to be underrepresented, especially in higher academic positions. We focus on two key aspects of scientific collaboration—the number of different coauthors and the number of single authorships. A higher number of coauthors has a positive effect on, e.g., the number of citations and productivity, while single authorships, for example, serve as evidence of scientific maturity and help to send a clear signal of one's proficiency to the community. Using machine learning-based methods, we show that collaboration networks of female mathematicians are slightly larger than those of their male colleagues when potential confounders such as seniority or total number of publications are controlled, while they author significantly fewer papers on their own. This confirms previous descriptive explorations and provides more precise models for the role of gender in collaboration in mathematics.
Comparative study on appropriate drought and flood index selection in a tropical farming island in China
Authors: Zou Yi , Zhu Lirong , He Yanhu , Lin Youwen , Liang Xu , Ye Changqing
Published: January 2023

The traditional drought and flood analysis method had not fully considered the proportion analysis of different drought and flood grades in the historical years of each rainfall station. This made results unconvincing and made it difficult to deeply understand the characteristics and applicability of various methods. Based on the daily rainfall data of 88 stations in Hainan Island from 1970 to 2019, the China-Z index and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used to compare and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of droughts and floods from three different time scales (flood season, non-flood season and the whole year). The results showed that both SPI and China-Z index can well reflect the actual drought and flood situations in Hainan Island. The analysis of the proportions of different drought and flood grades in the historical years of each rainfall station and regional historical drought and flood statistics suggested that the China-Z index had a better indication effect than SPI on the extreme drought and flood grades. The alternation of drought and flood between different eras were obvious. Hainan Island generally presented an east-west reverse drought-flood variation trend, as well as a north-south reverse drought-flood variation trend. The drought and flood in the central mountainous area of Hainan Island had been relatively stable. The distribution pattern of drought and flood had a good spatial consistency in the three periods. On the whole, Hainan Island had shown a trend of flood in the east and drought in the west in the past 50 years.