bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing land cover change in Namibia's Kavango East region: a multi-date object approach
Authors: MUHOKO Edward , De WASSEIGE Carlos , DE CAUWER Vera
Published: October 2020

Land cover change is a global issue but its effects can be particularly severe in developing countries such as Namibia, by affecting the ecological functions of ecosystems and hence the sustainability of its development. Namibia’s arid conditions, due to low rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates, coupled with annual savannah fires, have resulted in a heterogenous landscape composed of a mixture of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. As a result, land cover maps are often inaccurate at the pixel level. Despite their relatively high accuracy, object-based image analyses are yet to be exhaustively applied to the dry tropical forests of Southern Africa.  The purpose of this study was to apply a multi-date object-based approach to land cover change, in order to determine its extent and dynamics in the heterogenous landscape of Kavango East, one of the regions with the highest forest cover in Namibia. Multi-date segmentation, mean band values and image differentiation were used to detect land cover changes in four periods (1990, 2000, 2009 and 2016). The most common land conversion for all the periods was from forest to cropland. In 1990, forests covered 58% of the land but by 2016, this had dropped to 55%. Meanwhile, cropland covered 3% of the study area in 1990 and had doubled to 6% by 2016. The novel approach used in this study has produced promising results compared to traditional methods, which are prone to errors in detecting post-classification changes. The method can therefore be recommended for long term monitoring of land cover and land use change in areas with similar environmental and biophysical conditions.
Caractérisation phénotypique des plantules de quatre populations de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. au Burkina Faso
Authors: DIALLO Fatimata Anna , SANDWIDI Abdoulazize , DAO Madjelia Ebou Cangré , BATIONO-KANDO Pauline , DIALLO Boukary Ousmane
Published: October 2020

Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. est un fruitier oléagineux d’Afrique. Les fortes mortalités après plantation sont dues à l’affectation inappropriée des plants dans les zones écologiques. La caractérisation phénotypique des plantules a pour objectif de déterminer dès le jeune âge des caractères d’adaptation aux conditions écologiques. L’étude porte sur 494 plantules originaires des populations de You, Yarci, Gonsé et Diapangou-Peulh au Burkina Faso. Celles-ci appartiennent à quatre localités circonscrites dans trois zones climatiques. Les résultats montrent que la levée groupée assure la présence de générations chevauchantes à l’intérieur des populations. L’analyse de variance qui fait apparaître des différences intra- et inter-population sur la majorité des variables traduit la diversité phénotypique des plantules. L’analyse en composantes principales montre des caractéristiques spécifiques à chaque population. Le dendrogramme de la classification ascendante hiérarchisée permet d’identifier trois groupes : G1 : Gonsé (55,88 %), Yarci (23,52 %) et You (20,58 %) ; G2 : You (46,15 %), Yarci (42,30 %), Diapangou-Peulh (7,69 %) et Gonsé (3,84 %) ; G3 : Diapangou-Peulh (90 %), Yarci (5 %) et You (5 %). Ces trois groupes traduisent le rapprochement phénotypique entre individus. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l’existence des gains génétiques pour la sélection individuelle et populationnelle. Ils montrent également que ces populations ne sont pas menacées d’impasse évolutive à court terme. L’étude des héritabilités indique que les caractères les plus héritables sont la hauteur de la tige (28,31 %), la longueur de la racine principale (44,30 %), le nombre de racines secondaires (81,89 %), le poids frais des racines (73,47 %) et le poids sec des racines (28,86 %). L’architecture du système racinaire traduit la capacité d’adaptation de Sclerocarya birrea à différents types de sols. Compte tenu de ces résultats, la sélection sur les caractères adaptatifs au jeune âge peut être envisagée.
Performance of Dalbergia palo-escrito Rzed. & Guridi-Gómez, a valuable timber tree, in a coffee plantation in Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: SUÁREZ-ISLAS Alfonso , CAPULÍN-GRANDE Juan , MATEO-SÁNCHEZ José J.
Published: October 2020

As a contribution to ex-situ conservation and production recovery of the valuable timber tree species Dalbergia palo-escrito Rzed. & Guridi-Gómez, enrichment planting was undertaken in a coffee plantation at 830 m above sea level in the east of the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to assess the growth and health status of this species in order to put forward forest management recommendations. Average growth at 11 years of age (n = 56) was as follows: normal diameter, 13.2 ± 2.9 cm; total height, 10.9 ± 1.9 m. These values represent a mean annual increase of 1.2 cm/year in diameter and 1.0 m/year in height. Significant statistical differences in diameter growth (P = 0.0001) and height growth (P = 0.003) were observed as a function of crown position; growth, both in diameter and height, was highest in trees with emergent crowns in comparison with poorly lit trees. An association was also found concerning infestation by Struthanthus sp. mistletoe: differences in diameter growth (P = 0.002) were found between trees with mild infestation in comparison with healthy trees, which showed more growth. On the other hand, no height growth differences were detected (P = 0.102). Diameter and height growth were comparable to other commercially valuable species of fine Dalbergia timber on the international market, such as Dalbergia sissoo in India and Dalbergia retusa in mixed plantations in Costa Rica. The study suggests pruning out the mistletoe as a control strategy is a recommended forest management practice, as well as releasing poorly illuminated trees from competition and preserving the shade canopy of other native species.
Mengadopsi Model Akuntansi Startup untuk UMKM: Studi Kasus pada Pengerajin Kayu Desa Grenden, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Rahayu Arie , Budyawati Indah , Hartanto Wiwin
Published: October 2020

Saat ini, tidak banyak usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) yang menyusun laporan keuangan.[1] Padahal laporan keuangan berguna tidak hanya sebagai bentuk akuntabilitas pada pihak eksternal yang berkepentingan, namun juga bagi para pemilik dan pengelola UMKM itu sendiri. Manfaat laporan keuangan secara manajerial antara lain untuk perencanaan, mengetahui posisi keuangan, menilai kinerja, serta membantu pengambilan keputusan bisnis yang relevan. Ketidakpopuleran laporan keuangan di kalangan UMKM ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh model penyusunan laporan keuangan yang memang relatif kompleks. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan mengenalkan model akuntansi startup kepada UMKM, yang dalam hal ini para pengerajin kayu di Desa Grenden, Kabupaten Jember. Pemilihan model akuntansi startup sendiri dilakukan karena model akuntansi ini relatif sangat sederhana dengan metriks yang berbasis bisnis sehingga relatif lebih mudah dipahami pelaku UMKM pada umumnya. Desain penelitian berupa metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek UMKM pengerajin kayu di Desa Grenden, Kabupaten Jember. Metode ini dipilih dengan harapan mampu lebih menangkap beragam nuansa yang muncul selama pengerajin kayu Desa Grenden mencoba menggunakan model akuntansi startup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah keengganan UMKM untuk menyiapkan laporan keuangan bisa dipecahkan dengan menawarkan model akuntansi yang lebih simpel dan lebih mudah dipahami pelaku bisnis yaitu model akuntansi startup. Pada studi ini ditemukan bahwa keengganan pelaku UMKM, dalam hal ini pengerajin kayu di desa Grenden, memang diakibatkan oleh kompleksnya model akuntansi konvensional yang digunakan untuk menyusun laporan keuangan. Sementara itu,  model akuntansi startup yang memang lebih simpel dengan metriks berbasis bisnis memang dianggap lebih bermanfaat dan lebih mudah diterima oleh para pelaku UMKM. Kondisi yang serupa antara model bisnis startup dengan UMKM tertentu juga memungkinkan UMKM untuk memanfaatkan model akuntansi startup. Namun demikian, meskipun secara umum dianggap bermanfaat, penerapan model akuntansi startup juga perlu mempertimbangkan sejumlah hal seperti kemampuan pelaku UMKM dalam menggunakan teknologi informasi sederhana agar lebih banyak diterima dan digunakan oleh masyarakat.
Resource calculation of weared equipment for electric trains of the ES2G series
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT), Vorob’ev A. A. , Zyazev S.O. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT-MIIT)
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the impact of operating conditions on the wear of the wheels for ES2G electric trains. Thanks to the information on the controlled parameters of the wheel pairs (rolling, flange thickness and rim diameter) of ES2G electric trains operated by the MCC (Moscow Central Circle ) and the Oktyabrskaya Railway, a comparative analysis of the wear surface intensities of the rolling surfaces for seamless-rolled wheelsets has been performed. The analysis of the dependences of the mathematical expectation for the controlled parameter on the operating time showed that the wear rate of the rim for the electric trains operated by the MCC is 2,9 % higher than by the Oktyabrskaya Railway. Similar results were obtained for milling bar (2,33 % ) and the ridge thickness (24,3). Based on the results , it was concluded that the wheelsets wear of the ES2G series electric trains differs significantly in the two compared sections of circulation. Electric trains serving the Oktyabrsky direction has the intensity wheel pair wear lower than the trains serving the MCC. This will allow more time before turning to restore the profile of the rolling surface. The estimated value for the durability indicator of 90 % of the resource before changing the wheel pairs for the maximum wear of the rim is 2 million km at the MCC and 4.4 million km at the Oktyabrskaya Railway.
Methodological framework of formation of transport information space
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Galkin A. G. , Zubkov V. V. ,   SC «Federal Freight Company», Sirina N. F. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The present work considers the concept of development of the cluster strategy on the basis of studies of comprehensive transport and production processes implemented by transport and logistics system entities in the transport and information space. The projection of the economic space of the complex transport service into the potential information environment of subject cooperation is considered in the aspect of accumulation of information and knowledge about the comprehensive processes carried out by socio-economic entities. The methodological framework of formation of transport and information space together with formation of the strategy of cluster development of transport services market and regions are presented; the methodology of virtual integration system formation is justified; the theoretical basis of construction of the mechanism of coordination of the transport and logistics system regulators’ and subjects’ interests are given; an algorithm of optimal solution selection in formation of the strategy of cluster development of transport and logistics services and regions is developed. Information and knowledge accumulated in the cognitive strata of the virtual integration system allow to create and implement methods and mechanisms of interaction between actors in the transport and information space, while providing information support in making strategic and management decisions. The methodology proposed for designing a virtual integration system is applied within the boundaries of the Eastern Polygon in the railway infrastructure. Based on the methodology, directed (quota) information systems registered by the State have been developed and applied.
Infl uence of digitalization on young specialists education, formation of their motivational behavior in an eff ort to achieve effi cient results of the company’s business
Authors:   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Samuylov Valeriy M. , Chernova Natalya V. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT)
Published: October 2020

The article deals with potential measures of human resources development through active introduction of innovational digital technologies targeted at production design, acquisition of new demands of clients, manufacturing and proliferation of high-demand goods and services. Such an approach makes it possible to attract promising young specialists, having the knowledge and skills of productive application of digital technologies, existing platforms, applications in work in an effort to achieve necessary results in the company operation.
THE COMBINATION OF VERB PREDICATES: SIMPLE OR COMPLEX SENTENCE?
Authors:   Moscow state regional university, Vasiljeva Natalja M.
Published: October 2020

The article is concerned with the problem of correlation of the homogeneity and the co-ordination in French that is essential to differentiate a simple sentence with the similar verb predicates of a complex sentence. The urgency of such problems is based on the similarity of these syntactic constructions due to the co-ordination link existing in both constructions. This fact doesn’t allow the grammarians to arrive at a common view on the nature of the two constructions. The author proves the influence of the verb predicate syntactic links with the other parts of the sentence on classifying the structure as a simple or a complex sentence. In the paper there have been studied the similar verb predicates in the extended and unextended sentences. In the extended sentences the author focuses on the form and place of a complement, on the presence or absence of the adverbial modifier. The verb predicate grammar form itself influences the differentiating the two structures. Thus, it has been concluded that the main distinctive feature of predicate homogeneity is the grammatical marker. There have been detected the supplementary distinctive feature of predicate homogeneity is the semantic aspect, the lexical meaning in particular. The treated analysis of the empiric material shows the dependence of determining the two syntactic units on the stylistic norms and the rhetorical mode. The most important finding of the research is that, contrary some scientists’ opinion, there is no reason to abandon the term of the similar verb predicates in French.
INFORMATION BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION S AND THEIR OVERCOMING IN MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   International academy of business and new technologies, Yaroslavl, Stepanov Valentin N. , Rybakov Maxim A. ,   Millitary academy of strategic missile troops named after Peter the Great
Published: October 2020

The article gives a systemic character of communications in a military organization based on existing regulatory framework and modern scientific, educational, reference literature on communication theory. The main attention is given to communicative activity in military organizations in terms of horizontal and vertical communications. The article gives a detailed analysis of the appearing of information barriers during organizational communication and ways of overcoming them. The authors underline the importance of the activity aimed at reducing the time for performing the tasks which the chief faces at the period of direct aggression threat(appearing of crisis situation) and in the war time without any decline in their performance. The article gives several steps and tasks for every step. That is:1) systematization and consistency in their performance ; 2)work out and probation of systemic model of service on organization works in the period of direct aggression threat (appearing of crisis situation) and in the war time; 3) nomenclature clarification of the normative and operational documents content ; 4) work out and approbation of methodical recommendations.
PSYCHOANALYTICAL DISCOURSE IN THE LIFE OF A MODERN TEENAGER – A CHARACTER OF THE SERIAL («SEX EDUCATION», USA, GREAT BRITAIN, 2019)
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky, Letina Natalia N. , Kruchinina Anna A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the problem of psychoanalytical discourse of teenagersin a foreign youth serial. The main task is to find and study the meaning of psychoanalytical discourse in the life of a modern teenager – a character of « Sex education». The results of purposeful culturological analysis of psychoanalytical discourse is shown as the basis of artistic world of « Sex education»(2019)(USA, Great Britain, Netflix, directors – K. Herron and B. Tailor) on the material of 8 series of the first season. The main attention is given to the study of therapy sessions which the teenagerthe main character – gives to other teenagers. The scientific value of the article is defined both by culturological algorithm of psychoanalytical discourse analysis as the essence of the serial and by the introduction in the scientific use of modern culturalogically new and topical empirical material. A key angle of the research is studying of the psychoanalytical discourse realization as the plot essence of the serial, as for psychotherapy – as a method of teenage problems solving by teenagers themselves. The article also reflects shown in the serial psychoanalysis method, a circle of main problems which teenagers- serial characters face, as well as key meanings of psychoanalytical discourse realization in the serial. The authors give a classification psychotherapy sessions from the viewpoint of their effectiveness: unsuccessful, controversial, successful sessions. The research concludes that some principles of psychoanalysis and age teenage-youth psychology are seen in the artistic world of a serial and a complex of problems shown by the characters has variegated base and hides under the format of sexuality.
“OH LACKLUSTER TIGER, MAGNIFICENT TIGER!”: THE IMAGE OF A TIGER AS A SYMBOL OF NATIONAL CULTURE IN CHINESE AND RUSSIAN POETRY
Authors:   Southwestern University, Boldyreva Elena M. , Asafieva Elena V. ,   CEEI YarR “Yaroslavl College of Management and Professional Technologies”
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the symbolic potential of the eternal image of the tiger in Chinese and Russian poetry. On the example of the works of Chinese and Russian poets of different eras, the peculiarity of the artistic representation of the image of the tiger in lyrical texts is considered and a wide range of its symbolic meanings is revealed: tiger as a symbol of cruelty, power love and at the same time courage and honor, desire for the truth, freedom and justice (Guo Moruo), a symbol of destruction and danger (Yu Zhi), a symbol of impending chaos and a harbinger of the upcoming apocalypse, spiritual and physical death (Xu Zhi-Mo), a symbol of bourgeois culture, the personification of the greed and depravity of monarchist society and its rulers, the “dark” past of Russia (Jiang Guamtsi), a symbol of the will to freedom and independence, protest and perseverance (Nu Han), a symbol of experienced fierce tragedies of the past (Du Fu), a symbol of an ancient deity (P Kogan), a symbol of the desire for cold and dangerous freedom and the rejection of a well-fed and safe life in a zoo cage (E. Sadov), an analogue of the ancient Chinese deity, a great fire-breathing commander, a symbol of freedom and the triumph of life and beauty, as well as wisdom and calm (I. Selvinsky). In the process of analysis, attention is drawn to the change in the symbolic connotations of the image depending on the lyrical situation, from the zoomorphic realities accompanying the key symbol (wolf, snake, fox, rat) and historical and mythological characters (cruel and merciless Han ruler Wu-di, honest and noble knight Li Yu, etc.). The image of the tiger is considered as an ambivalent entity, combining opposite qualities and symbolic meanings: cruelty, natural destructive power and wisdom, caution, courage, passion, freedom love.
COSSACK LITERATURE AS A CULTURAL PHENOMENON
Authors:   Ankhoi pedagogical university of China, Yang Sumei , Lukiyanchikova Nataliya V. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: October 2020

In the article, the authors attempt to characterize the specifics and follow the dynamics of literature devoted to the history and culture of the Russian Cossacks, to describe the stages of the development of Cossack literature as a special cultural phenomenon. The article considers in detail that the way of life, the nature of social organization, life and culture, the morals and folklore of Cossacks have always been specific and thereby were of special interest of scientists, in connection with which a large number of scientific studies appeared on various aspects of this phenomenon. Special attention in the proposed work is paid to the regional features of Cossack culture and the multifaceted, internally rich images of Cossacks created by Russian writers (both classics and authors of the XX-XXI centuries), the article explains how the regional component is presented in Cossack folklore and literature, analyzes works devoted to Cossacks as a special socio-ethnic phenomenon. Cossack literature is considered by the authors of literature in the context of three historical periods: Cossack literature of the Russian Empire (before the 1917 Revolution), Cossack literature related to the era of the Soviet state (1917–1991), the latest Cossack literature (from 1991 to the present), it is noted that each era imposes its own imprint on the problems and system of images of works: the heroization of the Cossacks, who fulfill the historical mission of protecting their native land and developing new spaces, in the literature of the pre-revolutionary period, the tragic concept of the Cossacks in the literature of the Soviet era and the image of the process of reviving the spirit of the Cossacks in modern literature.
POLEMIC AROUND A. I. HERZEN IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF THE 1860-S (BASED ON RUSSIAN JOURNALISM)
Authors:   Southwestern University under the Ministry of Education of the PRC, Tang Dingyi , Fedotova Anna A. ,   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the turning point in the perception of late activity of A.I. Herzen by Russian society. The authors note that the sixties of the XIX century are naturally considered the time of decisive changes in the life of Russian society, and in Russian culture their sign was the progressive separation of literary forces according to the ideological principle. The article considers the acute controversy that happened in the cultural life of the 1860s between the London publicist, publications of M. N. Katkov (“Modern Chronicle”, “Russian Herald”) and the newspaper of P. S. Usov “Severnaya pchela." An ideological-free analysis of key articles written during the controversy (“Letter to Katkov and Leontiev”, “Young and Old Russia”, “Journalists and Terrorists” by A. I. Herzen, “Our Foreign réfugiés”, “Note for the publisher of “Kolokol” M. N. Katkov, the forerunner of “Severnaya pchela”, which today are convincingly attributed as belonging to N. S. Leskov), allows you to identify important differences in the socio-cultural positions of representatives of the “conservative” bodies of the domestic press and draw conclusions about copyright strategies for creating journalistic statements. The article draws conclusions about the influence of this controversy on the social and literary fate of writers, it is noted that the controversy with Katkov anticipated a sharp cooling to Herzen of Russian society in the following 1863, when, after the publisher of “Kolokol” supported the Polish uprising, the newspaper's circulation fell sharply to 500 copies, equally significant was the controversy of 1862 for Leskov, whose only beginning literary path almost came to an end as a result of harassment by the “progressive” press, and in the mind of the writer, the name Herzen began to be forever associated with the St. Petersburg fires, the imposing frivolity of revolutionary agitators and the sacrificed lives of young fanatics, which was reflected not only in the subsequent “Herzen” essays of Leskov, but also in his artistic prose. In this regard observations on Leskov's articles are especially relevant, the originality of the early journalism of which still remains a little-studied phenomenon of Russian culture.
THE HISTORY OF THE QUESTION ON THE CHINA-RUSSIAN BORDER AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ITS SOLUTION TO STRENGTHEN STATE-TO-STATE RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Authors:   Institute of Russia, Central Asia and East Europe, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), Jiang Yi
Published: October 2020

This article examines the historical importance in the settlement of border issues and identifies the main difficulties of the process of solving problems related to the SinoRussian border. The article emphasizes that since the formation of the modern national state, borders have become an important part of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, and during the formation of modern states, the process of establishing a border between the two countries has almost always been accompanied by controversy, even large-scale wars or the threat of war. The formation of the russian-chinese border also took place in similar conditions. The author traces in detail the history of RussianChinese relations in terms of resolving border problems, comments on the main stages of China-Russian negotiations on border delimitation issues, characterizes the main border agreements concluded between China and Russia (Nerchinsky, Kyakhtinsky, Aigong and Beijing), assessing the difficulties in signing agreements from the positions of the Chinese and Russian sides. The article justifies the importance in the settlement of the China-Russian border issue: the creation of new conditions for cooperation in many specific areas, such as economic and trade exchanges, environmental protection, rational use of resources, shipping and the joint fight against crime in the border areas; improving the external situation and maintaining national security in the both countries. The article concludes that today Russia and China as a whole have reached a settlement of border issues, which made it possible to create conditions for long-term relations of strategic partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation
LANGUAGE POLICY AS A FACTOR OF MODERN UKRAINIAN DOMESTIC POLITICAL CONFRONTATION
Authors:   Southwestern University of China, Koloda Svetlana A.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the analysis of the ukrainian language policy from 1989 to the present. The peculiarity of the ethnolinguistic situation is due to the multinationality and the use of a large number of languages for everyday communication by citizens of Ukraine. The author gives a description of the national and linguistic situation, brings the analysis of the ethnic structure in accordance with the choice of the language of everyday communication. The controversial nature of language policy is the result of a fierce internal political struggle. The language issue was one of the key issues in all Ukrainian elections from 1989 to 2019. The language of everyday communication also has a great influence on the electoral behavior of citizens. The author's attention is focused on the use of linguistic and ethno-confessional contradictions by Ukrainian political forces waging a struggle for power. The analysis of the key regulatory legal acts that implement, to one degree or another, the state language policy. The author comes to the conclusion about a solid legislative framework necessary for the implementation of a language policy that takes into account the interests of all citizens of multinational Ukraine. But the adopted other contradictory laws and by-laws, as well as political contradictions both in the government and between the government and the opposition, create a conflict situation that negatively affects the socio-political situation in the country. Representatives of European states, primarily Hungary, gave a negative assessment to certain Ukrainian laws regulating language policy. The main argument is the new Education Law, the provisions of which infringe on the rights of national minorities
TERRA INCOGNITA OF BELARUSIAN LITERATURE
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Lepisheva Elena M.
Published: October 2020

The article is focused on the content and aesthetic potential of Belorussian literature, which still remains not widely known not for a foreign (including Russian) only, but native reader as well. It is shown that during its development from progressive beginning at the turn of XIX-XX centuries (Y. Kupala, Y. Kolos, M. Bogdanovich, etc.) to the postSoviet period (late “Sixtiers” 1960s, V. Bykov, A. Adamovich, S. Alexievich, V. Neklyaev and their young followers O. Bakharevich, Z. Vishnev, V. Martinovich), problematic array still focused on “marginal” point of view is showing stability. Interest in the problem is related to following historical, sociocultural factors that predetermined the peculiarity of the Belarusian cultural space as unstable national self-identity, geopolitical location at the multicultural cross-road of two major cultural influences of Europe and Russia. By the example of two texts: “Antinovel” by Zmitr Vishnev “If you look closely – Mars is blue” and “Dogs of Europe” by Olgerd Bakharevich (the second one was translated to Russian and granted the “Grand book" award, the reactualization of the “marginal” worldview in the modern Belarusian literature was presented, which actuality for Russian literature from Dostoyevsky to “other prose” late XX, comprehends the image of Russian-Belorussian literature references, caused by “existential type of artistic consciousness” common to a number of authors (V. Zamanskaya).
N. YA. BICHURIN’S СHINESE GRAMMAR: A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW
Authors:   FSBEI HE “Irkutsk State University”, Kiryukhina Lyubov V.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the first in Russia (and in Russian) textbook of Chinese – “Chinese grammar by Fr. Hyacinth”. The article describes the content of this grammar book according to modern grammar studies. It is shown the following issues: 1) there were no special books for the purpose of teaching Chinese in Russia, so it was necessary to make such a textbook; 2) for a long time this “Grammar…” was the only textbook to teach the Chinese language; 3) when N. Ya. Bichurin came to China, European missionaries had already created an impressive number of works describing the Chinese language, and he studied carefully these works; 4) European books about Chinese are described and critiqued in Hyacinth’s grammar; 5) N. Ya. Bichurin had a good command of Chinese, was well up in the differences between the written language and the spoken language; 6) knowing Chinese very well, he could study works of Chinese philologists and also described them in his “Grammar…”; 7) Hyacinth noticed that Chinese words can function as different parts of speech; 8) he talked about nine parts of speech including unique to the Chinese language “function words”; 9) the expression of grammatical meaning is linked with the syntactic position of content words and the presence of function words.
Evaluación de los atributos de atención primaria de salud en establecimientos del primer nivel atención de Ayacucho, Perú
Authors: Lizana Magaly , Flores Estefany , Carhuayo-Luján Silvia
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar los atributos de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) en cuatro establecimientos de primer nivel de la ciudad de Ayacucho. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado entre el 5 y 24 de febrero del 2018. Se utilizó como técnica la entrevista y como instrumento, la guía de la entrevista estructurada Primary Care Assessment Tools versión brasileña corta en español para la evaluación de la Atención Primaria de Salud Resultados: Los atributos con menores calificaciones de desempeño fueron: Enfoque Familiar, Orientación Comunitaria y Primer Contacto-Accesibilidad; los que tuvieron mejores puntajes fueron: Coordinación, Primer Contacto-Utilización y Globalidad. Existieron múltiples diferencias significativas entre centros de salud excepto en Enfoque Familiar que percibida por todos los centros como deficiente Conclusiones: El cumplimiento de los atributos de Coordinación-Sistema de Atención, Primer Contacto–Utilización y Globalidad-Servicios recibidos fueron percibidos como los más eficientes; los atributos de Enfoque Familiar, Orientación Comunitaria y Primer Contacto-Utilización fueron percibidos como deficientes.
Manufacturing, Characterisation and Mechanical Analysis of PAN Membranes
Authors: Tüfekci Mertol , Durak Sevgi Güneş , Pir İnci , Acar Türkan Ormancı , Demirkol Güler Türkoğlu , Tüfekci Neşe
Published: October 2020

To investigate the effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) addition and consequently porosity, two different sets of membranes are manufactured, since PVP is a widely used poring agent which has an impact on the mechanical properties of the membrane material. The first set (PAN 1) includes PAN and the necessary solvent while the second set (PAN 2) is made of PAN and PVP. These membranes are put through several characterisation processes including tensile testing. The obtained data are used to model the static behaviour of the membranes with different geometries, but similar loading and boundary conditions that represent their operating conditions. This modelling process is undertaken by using finite element method. The main idea is to investigate how geometry affects the load-carrying capacity of the membranes. Alongside membrane modelling, their materials are modelled with representative elements with hexagonal and rectangular pore arrays (RE) to understand the impact of porosity on the mechanical properties. Exploring the results, the best geometry is found as the elliptic membrane with the aspect ratio 4 and the better RE as the hexagonal array which can predict the elastic properties with an approximate error of 12%.
Correlating Grip Force Signals From Multiple Sensors Highlights Functional Synergies of Manual Control in a Complex Task-User System
Authors: Dresp-Langley Birgitta , Nageotte Florent , Zanne Philippe , Mathelin Michel de
Published: October 2020

Biosensors and wearable sensor systems with transmitting capabilities are currently developed and used for the monitoring of health data, exercise activities, and other performance data. Unlike conventional approaches, these devices enable convenient, continuous, and unobtrusive monitoring of a user’s behavioral signals in real time. Examples include signals relative to hand an finger movement/pressure control reflected by individual grip force data. As will be shown here, these directly translate into task, skill and hand-specific (dominant versus non-dominant hand) grip force profiles for different measurement loci in the fingers and palm of the hand. On the basis of thousands of sensor data from multiple sensor locations, individual grip force profiles of an task expert, a trained user and a highly proficient user (expert) performing an image-guided and robot-assisted precision task with the dominant or the non-dominant hand are analyzed in several steps following Tukey’s “detective work” approach. Correlation analyses (Person’s Product Moment) reveal skill-specific differences in individual grip force profiles across multiple sources of variation, functionally mapped to the somatosensory brain networks which ensure grip force control and its evolution with control expertise. Implications for the real-time monitoring of individual grip force profiles and their evolution with training in complex task-user systems are brought forward.
COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink
Authors: Joffe Ari
Published: October 2020

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide pandemic in 2020. In response, most countries in the world implemented lockdowns, restricting their population’s movements, work, education, gatherings, and general activities in attempt to ‘flatten the curve’ of COVID-19 cases. The public health goal of lockdowns was to save the population from COVID-19 cases and deaths, and to prevent overwhelming health care systems with COVID-19 patients. In this narrative review I explain why I changed my mind about supporting lockdowns. First, I explain how the initial modeling predictions induced fear and crowd-effects [i.e., groupthink]. Second, I summarize important information that has emerged relevant to the modeling, including about infection fatality rate, high-risk groups, herd immunity thresholds, and exit strategies. Third, I describe how reality started sinking in, with information on significant collateral damage due to the response to the pandemic, and information placing the number of deaths in context and perspective. Fourth, I present a cost-benefit analysis of the response to COVID-19 that finds lockdowns are far more harmful to public health than COVID-19 can be. I close with some suggestions for moving forward.
Aestipascuomyces dupliciliberatus gen. nov, sp. nov., the First Cultured Representative of the Uncultured SK4 Clade from Aoudad Sheep and Alpaca
Authors: Stabel Marcus , Hanafy Radwa , Schweitzer Tabea , Greif Meike , Aliyu Habibu , Flad Veronika , Young Diana , Lebuhn Michael , Elshahed Mostafa S. , Ochsenreither katrin , Youssef Noha H.
Published: October 2020

We report on the isolation of the previously uncultured Neocallimastigomycota SK4 lineage by two independent research groups from a wild aoudad sheep rumen sample (Texas, USA) and an alpaca fecal sample (Baden-Württemberg, Germany). Isolates from both locations showed near identical morphological and microscopic features, forming medium-sized white filamentous colonies with a white center of sporangia on agar roll tubes and a heavy biofilm in liquid media. Microscopic analysis revealed monocentric thalli, and spherical polyflagellated zoospores with 7–20 flagella. Zoospore release occurred through an apical pore as well as by sporangial wall rupturing, a duality that is unique amongst described AGF strains. Isolates were capable of growing on a wide range of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides substrates. Phylogenetic assessment based on the D1-D2 large rRNA subunit (D1-D2 LSU) and internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) regions demonstrated high sequence identity (minimum identity of 99.07% and 96.96%, respectively) between all isolates; but low sequence identity (92.4% and 86.7%, respectively) to their closest cultured relatives. D1-D2 LSU phylogenetic trees grouped the isolates as a new monophyletic clade within the Orpinomyces-Neocallimastix-Pecoramyces-Feramyces-Ghazallamyces supragenus group. D1-D2 LSU and ITS-1 sequences from the obtained isolates were either identical, or displayed extremely high sequence similarity to sequences recovered from the same Aoudad sheep sample on which isolation was conducted, as well as several sequences recovered from domestic sheep and few other herbivores. Interestingly, members of the SK4 clade seem to be encountered in animals grazing on summer pasture. We hence propose accommodating these novel isolates in a new genus, Aestipascuomyces (derived from the Latin word for “summer pasture”), and a new species, A. dupliciliberatus. The type strain is Aestipascuomyces dupliciliberatus strain R4.
Molecular Detection and Identification of Babesia spp., and Trypanosoma spp. in One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Halayeb and Shalateen, Egypt
Authors: El-Sayed Shimaa Abd El-Salam , El-Adl Mohamed , Ali Mayar , Al-Araby Mostafa , Omar Mosaab , El-Beskawy Mohamed , sorour Shimaa , Al-Wabel Mohammad , Rizk Mohamed , Elgioushy Magdy
Published: October 2020

Phylogenetic analysis of blood parasite infections including Babesia (B.) bovis, Babesia microti and Trypanosoma (T.) spp. in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) (n= 142) breeds in Halayeb and Shalateen, in Upper Egypt were performed in the current study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting the Rhoptry Associated Protein-1 (RAP-1), Babesia microti small subunit rRNA (ss-rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) genes were used to detect the prevalence of B. bovis, B. microti and Trypanosoma spp. in camels, respectively. Nested PCR assays were used for the detection of Babesia spp. (B. bovis and B. microti). While, KIN-multi species PCR reaction was employed to detect and identify trypanosome DNA in camels. B. microti was detected in (17/142) with infection rate (11.97 %). Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that B. microti detected in camel was closely related to the German strain in rats and voles in France. B. bovis was also detected in (4/142) with infection rate (2.81%). The sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolated B. bovis was closely related to strains isolated from Argentine, USA and Brazil. Moreover, T. evansi was detected in (8/142) with infection rate (5.63%). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that isolated T. evansi was closely related to T. theileri that was detected from cattle in Brazil. This study provides the first evidence of B. microti in camel in Egypt and highlights the possible role of one-humped camels in maintaining the enzootic cycle of Babesia transmission in Egypt.
Reflection Symmetry Axes Localization Framework for Object Intelligent Perception based on Salient Symmetry Feature
Authors: Wu Kaichao , Qi Yuan , Ma Yuanju , Liu Cheng , Jiang Dazhi
Published: October 2020

This paper presents an optimized feature-centered reflection symmetry axis detection and localization framework for object perception. The proposed framework is formed to obtain an improved reflection symmetry axis based on the salient symmetry feature. It starts with a refined Multi-scale Saliency Symmetry Model (MSSM), which is realized by applying isotropic symmetry operator on salient points in scale-space rather than all pixels. In each scale, salient points are initially extracted as local extremal from an image, and they are further refined by a multi-scale implementation for generating salient symmetry feature maps. A Symmetric Transformation Matrix is then computed using the optimal feature matching pairs, which can be explicitly used as an abstract representation of the constraint regions of symmetry objects in an image to optimize the performance of the potential symmetry axis detection. The framework has been investigated experimentally both on the classical dataset from a symmetry detection challenge and the latest dataset. It has shown that the framework can get a better or comparative result and also can be further adapted into terminated human--computer equipment for reflection symmetry object perception and tracking.
Educational Escape Rooms: Challenges in Aligning Game and Education
Authors: Veldkamp Alice , Merx Sigrid , van Winden Jasper
Published: October 2020

This article analyzes the design of MasterMind, an escape room that served as a means of professional development in the use and implementation of online educational tools in academic teaching. Escape rooms have inspired educators all over the world to adapt the popular entertainment activity for education. The time-constrained and problem-based games require active and collaborative participants, which makes an escape room an interesting setting for educators. As there are differences in the settings and goals of educational and recreational escape rooms, there is a need for description of the design process, taking into account game design and educational aspects. MasterMind was developed by a multidisciplinary team of educators, educational researchers and game researchers. The design analysis of MasterMind focuses on three related challenges that have informed the design process: 1) the participants' transition from the real world to the game world; 2) the alignment of game design aspects and educational aspects in the game world; and 3) the transfer from experiences and knowledge obtained within the game world back into the real world. The description and analysis is guided by frameworks on persuasive games and the alignment of game goals and learning goals. The analysis gives insights in how to balance game and educational aspects in the design, in order for players to reach both persuasive and learning goals. We recommend an integrated approach of the different design challenges. Therefore, we propose a design model combining and aligning the used frameworks, leading to an integrated approach in tackling design challenges in persuasive, serious games.
In silico Selection and in vitro Evaluation of Novel Inhibitors of Streptococcus Mutans Ag I/II Surface Protein
Authors: Rivera-Quiroga Raúl Eduardo , Cardona Nestor , Padilla Leonardo , Rivera Wbeimar , Rocha Cristian , Diaz De Rienzo Mayri , Morales Sandra Milena , Martinez Maria Cecilia
Published: October 2020

Streptococcus mutans is well known for having virulence factors associated with its cariogenic role, such as glucosyltransferases, which have been used as targets for the virtual screening of molecules with inhibitory capacity. The Antigen I/II of S. mutans is involved in the adhesion to the surface of the tooth and the bacterial co-aggregation in the biofilm formation, despite that, this protein has not been used as a target in a virtual strategy search for inhibitors. In this study we identified in silico and evaluated in vitro molecules with adhesion inhibitory potential on S. mutans Ag I/II. A virtual screening of 883,551 molecules was conducted, cytotoxicity analysis on fibroblast cells, S. mutans adhesion studies, scanning electron microscopy analysis for bacterial integrity, and molecular dynamics simulation were also performed. We have found three molecules (ZI-187, ZI-939, ZI-906) that were not cytotoxic and inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans to polystyrene microplates. Molecular dynamic simulation by 300 nanoseconds showed stability of the interaction between ZI-187 and Ag I/II (PDB: 3IPK). This work provides three new molecules that targets Ag I/II and have the capacity to inhibit in vitro the S. mutans adhesion on polystyrene microplates and provides a new computational line for the search and selection of safe inhibitory molecules against different pathogens.
Effects of Intratympanic Injection of Isosorbide on the Vestibular Function of Animal Models of Endolymphatic Hydrops
Authors: Kim Minbum , Yoon So Yeon , Hong Hansol , Hong Hyun Jun
Published: October 2020

Objectives. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of intratympanic injection of isosorbide on the vestibular function in animal models with endolymphatic hydrops and to find a new treatment option for the acute onset of vertigo in Ménière’s disease (MD).Methods. Seventy male guinea pigs were used. Intratympanic injection of isosorbide (IT-ISB) was applied. The animals were divided into three study groups, namely the control, chronic hydrops model, and acute hydrops model groups. The intracochlear drug concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vestibular function was analyzed using an animal rotator test with bidirectional sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) before and after IT-ISB. The histological change was also investigated.Results. ISB successfully permeated the perilymph through the round window membrane (RWM) at all three different concentrations of IT-ISB (25%, 50%, and 100%). In the chronic hydrops model, while IT-ISB histologically induced a reduction of endolymphatic hydrops, vestibular function was unchanged. In the acute hydrops model, no endolymphatic hydrops was histologically observed, and vestibular symmetry was also preserved after IT-ISB.Conclusion. ISB passed through the RWM into the perilymphatic space even at the lower concentrations. IT-ISB histologically reduced the hydrops in the chronic model and preserved the symmetrical vestibular function in the acute model. IT-ISB could be a treatment candidate for the acute attack of vertigo in MD.