bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A decision support system for additive manufacturing process selection using a hybrid multiple criteria decision-making method
Authors: Wang Yuanbin , Zhong Ray Y. , Xu Xun
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been increasingly used in various applications in recent years. However, it is still challenge when it comes to selecting a suitable AM process. This is because the outcome may vary due to not only different materials and printers but also different parameters and post-processes. This paper aims to develop an efficient method to help users understand trade-offs and make right decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

A hybrid method is proposed to help users select appropriate options from a large-scale and discrete option space in an interactive way. First, the design-by-shopping approach is applied to allow users exploring and refining the option space. The analytical hierarchical process method is then used to capture customers’ preferences. After analyzing the results of different normalization methods, a modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach is proposed to rank solutions and provide suggestions.

Findings

The usefulness of proposed method is illustrated in a case study. The results show that it can help customers understand performance distributions and find most suitable options accurately. The ranking of the modified TOPSIS method is more reasonable.

Originality/value

Due to the complexity of AM technologies, the process selection is considered at the parameter level. A new system framework is proposed for decision support. The TOPSIS method is modified to achieve a stable performance.
Let’s chat: the art of virtual reference instruction
Authors: Hervieux Sandy , Tummon Nikki
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the instances of information literacy instruction within the virtual reference system of a Canadian university library.

Design/methodology/approach

Coding and analysis of a sample of chat transcripts over the course of one academic year have been used.

Findings

The analysis indicated that over 50 per cent of virtual reference interactions do not lend themselves to information literacy instruction. An average of 23.6 per cent of interactions included information literacy instruction and the preferred methods of instruction were modelling and resource sharing.

Originality/value

While previous studies have focused on information literacy instruction provided in a virtual reference setting, this study aims to identify not only instances of information literacy but also to better understand the nature of chat queries by codifying instances of a transactional nature. The results could lead to improved best practices for chat reference, enhanced staff training and varied promotion and delivery of not just virtual reference services but of other library services as well. A portion of this research project, including partial results for the Fall semester, was presented at the LILAC Conference in Liverpool in April 2018.
LGBTI staff, and diversity within the Australian accounting profession
Authors: Egan Matthew
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Large accounting firms lay claim today to a broad focus on staff diversity and inclusion. Related initiatives focus on gender, culture, age and sexuality. This paper aims to seek insight from publicly available discourse provided by the “Big 4” in Australia (Deloitte, Ernst and Young, KPMG and PwC), along with two second-tier firms, into the nature and drivers of diversity initiatives for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) staff.

Design/methodology/approach

Web-based discourse provided as at May 2017 is examined and analysed.

Findings

All six firms provided a range of related disclosures, suggesting that a cultural shift for LGBTI staff was underway. Detail provided on actual policies and procedures was limited, and a struggle was suggested, between balancing the needs of diverse staff, with concerns for some, perhaps, more conservative clients. Some repositioning of arguments was suggested, focussed on shifting responsibility to staff and on shifting the object of celebration from staff to the firm.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to an interpretation of carefully constructed publicly disclosed statements. Further studies could explore the lived experience of these apparent changes with staff.

Practical implications

Recruitment and staff retention continue to be on-going challenges within the accounting profession. This study provides insight into initiatives targeted to support LGBTI staff.

Social implications

Availing space to bring ‘whole selves’ into the workplace is an important element of creating a pleasant, comfortable and engaging environment for staff. This study provides insight into the perspective of employers on the importance of such initiatives.

Originality/value

Little attention has been directed to exploring sexual diversity in the workplace or to sexuality within accounting studies.
LGBTQ+ accountants: a call for oral history research
Authors: Hammond Theresa
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to call on accounting academics to conduct oral histories with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ+) members of the industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper includes a review of the limited work in the field and recommends an oral history approach to understand current conditions as well as how they arose. Moreover, the paper recommends widening the scope of the research into countries with varying LGBTQ+ rights.

Findings

There is surprisingly limited research in this area and more needs to be undertaken, especially with regard to LGBTQ+ persons of color and LGBTQ+ accountants in under-researched localities.

Practical implications

The paper makes specific recommendations for future research.

Social implications

Currently there is very little understanding of the lived experiences of LGBTQ+ members of our industry. The recommended research could – by increasing awareness – lead to better working conditions.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the dearth of research on LGBTQ+ issues in accounting.
The impact of cloud-enabled process integration on supply chain performance and firm sustainability: the moderating role of top management
Authors: Shee Himanshu , Miah Shah Jahan , Fairfield Leon , Pujawan Nyoman
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Theorising from the intersection of supply chain and information systems (IS) literature, this study aims to investigate supply chain integration (SCI) as a multidimensional construct in the context of cloud-based technology and explores the effect of cloud-enabled SCI on supply chain performance, which will eventually improve firm sustainability from a resource-based view (RBV). In addition, the moderating effect of top management is explored.

Design/methodology/approach

Using cross-sectional survey data collected from a sample of 105 Australian retail firms, this study used structural equation modelling to test the hypothesised relationship of cloud-enabled SCI with performance in a theoretical model.

Findings

Results show that cloud-based technology has positive effect on SCI, and the cloud-enabled SCI is positively related to supply chain performance which eventually influenced firm sustainability. Further, top management intervention moderates the relationship between supplier and internal integration with supply chain performance. But it is found to have no moderating effect on the relationship between customer integration and supply chain performance.

Practical implications

Recognising the potential benefits of emerging cloud-based technologies reported in this study, retail managers need to understand that higher order SCI requires the support of cloud-based technology to improve supply chain performance and firm sustainability.

Originality/value

This research extends prior research of information and communication technologies-enabled SCI and its effect on supply chain performance which overly remains inconsistent. In addition, IS literature abounds with discussion on cloud computing technologyper se, and its adoption in supply chain is overly rhetoric. This study fills this gap by conceptualising the multiple dimensions of SCI enabled by cloud-based technology and the way it affects supply chain and firm sustainable performance. Investigating SCI in context of cloud-based technology is a unique contribution in this study. The moderating effect of top management in this decision also adds to the current body of literature.
Comprehensive sustainability reporting in higher education institutions
Authors: Sepasi Sahar , Braendle Udo , Rahdari Amir Hossein
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensiveness of sustainability reporting in higher education institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a university sustainability rating framework and uses it to evaluate the comprehensiveness of sustainability reporting in higher education institutions.

Findings

The results of the study demonstrate that notwithstanding growing concerns over sustainability issues; higher education institutions have been slow to adopt sustainability reporting practices including publishing consistent and periodic reports, receiving third-party assurance and integrating sustainability reporting into university’s sustainability management systems.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the study suggest that the quality of sustainability reporting varies quite significantly, and important dimensions such as education and outreach programs are ill-treated in universities’ sustainability reports. The quality presents a tremendous challenge for sustainability reporting as more organizations are joining the sustainability reporting process, the quality would become a differentiator and competitive advantage, the study concludes. Two main limitations were identified. First, the number of reports examined were limited and are not representative of all higher education institutions. Second, data from other sources, like websites, were not factored in the analysis, as the study focuses on evaluating the comprehensiveness of sustainability reporting in higher education institutions.

Practical implications

The results provide useful insights into comprehensiveness (one aspect of quality of sustainability reporting) in higher education institutions and help to better navigate the future trends in sustainability reporting practices of universities.

Originality/value

Sustainability reporting is well established in the corporate environment; however, the extent to which it has been adopted and its quality in universities remains relatively unexamined. The study attempts to fill the research gap in the quality of sustainability reporting (comprehensiveness) in higher education institutions to better navigate the future trends in sustainability reporting practices of universities.
Functional and textural properties of vegetable‐fibre enriched yoghurt
Authors: Yildiz Eda , Ozcan Tulay
Published: October 2018

In this study, different vegetable‐fibre enriched yoghurts namely control (C), pumpkin (PY), carrot (CY), green pea (GY) and zucchini (ZY), were produced. It was observed that Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus counts were higher in yoghurts supplemented with vegetable purees, in accordance with the enhanced growth of lactic acid bacteria due to the fibres, phenolic compounds and organic acids present in the vegetables. Furthermore, vegetable puree supplementation affected the pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, colour (L*, a*, b*, ΔE values), texture (firmness, cohesiveness, consistency and viscosity index) and sensorial properties of the yoghurts. Firmness, consistency and viscosity indices were higher in the yoghurt produced with carrot puree, whereas the highest antioxidant capacity was detected in the pumpkin yoghurt, which corresponded to the highest total phenolic, ascorbic acid and total carotenoid contents. The results of the present study could lead to an innovative approach in the functional dairy product market for the development of dairy products enriched with vegetables that have nutritional and potential therapeutic characteristics.
Assessing Risk of Future Suicidality in Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Brucker Krista , Duggan Carter , Niezer Joseph , Roseberry Kyle , Le‐Niculescu Helen , Niculescu Alexander B. , Kline Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2018

Background

Emergency departments (ED) are the first line of evaluation for patients at risk and in crisis, with or without overt suicidality (ideation, attempts). Currently employed triage and assessments methods miss some of the individuals who subsequently become suicidal. The Convergent Functional Information for Suicidality (CFI‐S) 22‐item checklist of risk factors, which does not ask directly about suicidal ideation, has demonstrated good predictive ability for suicidality in previous studies in psychiatrict patients but has not been tested in the real‐world setting of EDs.

Methods

We administered CFI‐S prospectively to a convenience sample of consecutive ED patients. Patients were also asked at triage about suicidal thoughts or intentions per standard ED suicide clinical screening (SCS), and the treating ED physician was asked to fill a physician gestalt visual analog scale (VAS) for likelihood of future suicidality spectrum events (SSE; ideation, preparatory acts, attempts, completed suicide). We performed structured chart review and telephone follow‐up at 6 months post–index visit.

Results

The median time to complete the CFI‐S was 3 minutes (first to third quartile = 3–6 minutes). Of the 338 patients enrolled, 45 (13.3%) were positive on the initial SCS, and 32 (9.5%) experienced a SSE in the 6 months of follow‐up. Overall, SCS had modest diagnostic accuracy sensitivity 14/32 = 44%, (95% CI: 26–62%) and specificity 275/306 = 90%, (86–93%). The physician VAS also had moderate overall diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.75, confidence interval [CI] = 0.66–0.85), and the CFI‐S was best (AUC = 0.81, CI = 0.76–0.87). The top CFI‐S differentiating items were psychiatric illness, perceived uselessness, and social isolation.

Conclusions

Using CFI‐S, or some of its items, in busy EDs may help improve the detection of patients at high risk for future suicidality.
The potential ecological effects of casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate in dental caries prevention
Authors: Philip N , Walsh L
Published: October 2018

Contemporary caries prevention protocols recommend not only effective remineralizing agents but also ecological measures to reverse the dental plaque dysbiosis responsible for the disease pathogenesis. There is a high‐level of evidence supporting the remineralizing efficacy of casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP‐ACP) from studies around the world. Evidence is now emerging that CPP‐ACP may also have a beneficial influence on the dental plaque microbial ecology and homeostasis. The ecological cariostatic effects of CPP‐ACP are believed to be mediated predominantly through its anti‐adhesion, buffering and biofilm disrupting actions. This review principally discusses the ecological mechanisms of CPP‐ACP and presents the current evidence for its effects on the oral microbiome ecology.
First record of a praying mantis, Tropidomantis kawaharai Brannoch sp. nov. (Mantodea: Iridopterygidae), in the mid‐Pacific Marquesas Archipelago
Authors: Brannoch Sydney K , Svenson Gavin J
Published: October 2018

Two praying mantis specimens were collected on the island of Hiva Oa of the Marquesas Archipelago, an isolated island chain located approximately in the centre of the Pacific Ocean. While external morphological features agree with the diagnosis of the genus Tropidomantis, the unique combination of character states reveals that they represent a new species. Furthermore, this is the first record of a praying mantis collected in the Marquesas Archipelago. We describe the morphology of the species, illustrated by high resolution habitus images, figures of diagnostic features and measurement data for Tropidomantis kawaharai sp. nov.
The experience of deprivation: Does relative more than absolute status predict hostility?
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Sagioglou Christina
Published: October 2018

The present research examined the causal effects of absolute and relative status on experienced deprivation and hostility. On the basis of the theory of relative deprivation, we reasoned that the subjective experience of being worse off than others is a better predictor for hostility than is the absolute level of how well‐off people are. Indeed, three experiments showed that relative more than absolute status has an impact on aggressive affect. That is, even when objective resources were high, people were more hostile when their resources compared negatively to others’ resources. Although no consistent direct effects were found for a measure of aggressive behaviour, mediation analyses suggest that relative but not absolute deprivation ultimately impacts aggressive behaviour via increased feelings of disadvantage and aggressive affect. The results emphasize the drastic consequences of the rising income inequality, irrespective of a nation's absolute wealth.
Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of neuro‐axonal pathology in the MS spinal cord
Authors: Schmierer Klaus , Miquel Marc E
Published: October 2018

In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), the spinal cord is the structure most commonly affected by clinically detectable pathology at presentation, and a key part of the central nervous system involved in chronic disease deterioration. Indices, such as the spinal cord cross‐sectional area at the level C2 have been developed as tools to predict future disability, and—by inference—axonal loss. However, this and other histo‐pathological correlates of spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in MS remain incompletely understood. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in developing quantitative MRI tools to measure specific tissue features, including axonal density, myelin content, neurite density, and orientation, among others, with an emphasis on the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI techniques including T1 and T2, magnetization transfer and a number of diffusion‐derived indices have all been applied to MS spinal cord. Particularly diffusion‐based MRI techniques combined with microscopic resolution achievable using high magnetic field scanners enable a new level of anatomical detail and quantification of indices that are clinically meaningful.
Anti‐hyperlipidaemic effects of synthetic analogues of nordihydroguaiaretic acid in dyslipidaemic rats
Authors: Singh Madhurima , Bittner Stefanie , Li Yihang , Bittner Alex , Han Lu , Cortez Yuan , Inayathullah Mohammed , Arif Zeeshan , Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan , Rajadas Jayakumar , Shen Wen‐Jun , Nicolls Mark R , Kraemer Fredric B , Azhar Salman
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose

Previous studies have shown that Creosote bush‐derived nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) exerts beneficial actions on the key components of metabolic syndrome including dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hypertension in several relevant rodent models. Here, we synthesized and screened a total of 6 anti‐hyperlipidaemic analogues of NDGA and tested their efficacy against hepatic lipid metabolism in a high‐fructose diet (HFrD) fed dyslipidaemic rat model.

Experimental Approach

HFrD fed Sprague–Dawley rats treated with NDGA or one of the six analogues were used. Serum samples were analysed for blood metabolites, whereas liver samples were quantified for changes in various mRNA levels by real‐time RT‐PCR.

Key Results

Oral gavage of HFrD‐fed rats for 4 days with NDGA analogues 1 and 2 (100 mg·kg−1·day−1) suppressed the hepatic triglyceride content, whereas the NDGA analogues 2, 3 and 4, like NDGA, decreased the plasma triglyceride levels by 70–75%. qRT‐PCR measurements demonstrated that among NDGA analogues 1, 2, 4 and 5, analogue 4 was the most effective at inhibiting the mRNA levels of some key enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipogenesis. All four analogues almost equally inhibited the key genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid elongation. Unlike NDGA, none of the analogues affected the genes of hepatic fatty acid oxidation or transport.

Conclusions and Implications

Our data suggest that NDGA analogues 1, 2, 4 and 5, particularly analogue 4, exert their anti‐hyperlipidaemic actions by negatively targeting genes of key enzymes and transcription factors involved in lipogenesis, triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid elongation. These analogues have therapeutic potential.
Simultaneous hyperthermia‐chemotherapy effect by arterial injection of Fe(Salen) for femur tumor
Authors: Umemura Masanari , Islam Md. Rafikul , Fukumura Hidenobu , Sato Itaru , Kawabata Yusuke , Matsuo Kousuke , Nakakaji Rina , Nagasako Akane , Ohtake Makoto , Takayuki Fujita , Yokoyama Utako , Nakayama Tomohiro , Eguchi Haruki , Ishikawa Yoshihiro
Published: October 2018

We previously identified a novel nanomagnetic particle, N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine iron [Fe(Salen)]. Fe(Salen) not only shows antitumor effects but also magnetic properties. We found that Fe(Salen) can be used for magnet‐guided drug delivery and visualization of accumulated drug by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of its magnetism. In addition, Fe(Salen) can generate heat by itself when exposed to an alternating current magnetic field (AMF), resulting in a hyperthermia effect. Herein, we partly elucidated the antitumor mechanism of Fe(Salen) and carried out an i.v. repeated dose toxicity study to decide the therapeutic amount. Furthermore, we evaluated the antitumor effect of selective intra‐arterial injection or i.v. injection of Fe(Salen) by catheter and the hyperthermia effect of Fe(Salen) when exposed to AMF in vivo. We used a rabbit model grafted with VX2 cells (rabbit squamous cell carcinoma) on the right leg. Intra‐arterial injection of Fe(Salen) showed a greater antitumor effect than did i.v. injection. The combination of Fe(Salen) intra‐arterial injection and AMF exposure showed a greater antitumor effect than did either Fe(Salen) or methotrexate (MTX) without AMF exposure, suggesting that AMF exposure greatly enhanced the antitumor effect of Fe(Salen) by arterial injection by catheter. This is the first report that the effectiveness of Fe(Salen) was evaluated in the point of administration route; that is, selective intra‐arterial injection by catheter. Taken together, these results indicate a new administration route; that is, selective arterial injection of Fe(Salen) by catheter, and the development of a new strategy of simultaneous hyperthermia‐chemotherapy in the future.
Prenatal Maternal Stress and Child IQ
Authors: Cortes Hidalgo Andrea P. , Neumann Alexander , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Rijlaarsdam Jolien , Verhulst Frank C. , White Tonya , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Tiemeier Henning
Published: October 2018

The evidence for negative influences of maternal stress during pregnancy on child cognition remains inconclusive. This study tested the association between maternal prenatal stress and child intelligence in 4,251 mother–child dyads from a multiethnic population‐based cohort in the Netherlands. A latent factor of prenatal stress was constructed, and child IQ was tested at age 6 years. In Dutch and Caribbean participants, prenatal stress was not associated with child IQ after adjustment for maternal IQ and socioeconomic status. In other ethnicities no association was found; only in the Moroccan/Turkish group a small negative association between prenatal stress and child IQ was observed. These results suggest that prenatal stress does not predict child IQ, except in children from less acculturated minority groups.
Patchwork of promises: A critical analysis of immigration policies for unaccompanied undocumented children in the United States
Authors: Hasson Robert G. , Crea Thomas M. , McRoy Ruth G. , Lê Ân H.
Published: October 2018

In 2014, the United States saw a greater than 50% increase in the number of unaccompanied children from Mexico and Central America arriving at the U.S./Mexico border, and unaccompanied children continue to migrate to the United States in consistent numbers. The dramatic increase of 2014 exposed gaps in policies aimed at supporting unaccompanied children as they await legal adjudication. This paper begins with a historic review of immigration policies in the United States aimed at supporting unaccompanied migrant children. An analytic review is provided of existing immigration policies in the Department of Homeland Security and the Office of Refugee Resettlement, highlighting the competing paradigms created by missions of security‐focused policy versus child‐centred policy. A close examination of the values that influenced policy development in this area is included, along with a discussion of how social work practice can infuse elements of social justice into immigration policy reform. Areas for future research to reform immigration policy focused on supporting unaccompanied undocumented minors are highlighted.
Echinocandin use in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Al Jishi Yamama , Rotstein Coleman , Kumar Deepali , Humar Atul , Singer Lianne G. , Keshavjee Shaf , Husain Shahid
Published: October 2018

Background

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). However, data outlining use of echinocandins in prophylaxis and therapy of LTRs are limited.

Method

A single‐center retrospective cohort study on all LTRs from January‐2010 to December‐2016. Participants were screened for antifungal use to assess rate, tolerability, and clinical outcome of echinocandin use in LTRs, during the first 6 weeks of posttransplant.

Results

A total of 777 lung transplants were reviewed in 763 LTRs. Antifungals were administered to 268 (35%) of LTRs. Reasons included preemptive antifungal therapy (55% [149/268]), targeted antifungal prophylaxis (34% [92/268]), and definitive IFI therapy (10% [27/268]).

Azoles were first‐line agents in 80% (215/268) of LTRs, caspofungin in 11% (30/268), micafungin in 6.7% (18/268), amphotericin B in 1.5% (4/268), and anidulafungin in 0.4% (1/268]).

LTRs were started on echinocandins due to abnormal liver enzymes in 91% (46/49). Overall, 23% (50/215) of LTR's were switched off azoles. Of these, 54% (27/50) were switched to echinocandins. Switch from azoles to echinocandin was undertaken due to abnormal liver enzymes in 63% (17/27). No patients receiving first‐line echinocandins were switched to other therapies due to adverse events.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that echinocandins are utilized in approximately 18.3% of lung transplant recipients. They are the preferred second‐line agents due to a lower adverse‐effect profile compared to the azoles.
Asymmetries of the visual system and their influence on visual performance and oculomotor dynamics
Authors: Jóhannesson Ómar I. , Tagu Jérôme , Kristjánsson Árni
Published: October 2018

Our representation of the visual field is not homogenous. There are differences in resolution not only between the fovea and regions eccentric to it, but also between the nasal and temporal hemiretinae, that can be traced to asymmetric distributions of photoreceptors and ganglion cells. We review evidence for differences in visual and attentional processing and oculomotor behaviour that can be traced to asymmetries of the visual system, mainly emphasising nasal‐temporal asymmetries. Asymmetries in the visual system manifest in various measures, in basic psychophysical tests of visual performance, attentional processing, choice behaviour, saccadic peak velocity, and latencies. Nasal‐temporal asymmetries on saccadic latency seem primarily to occur for express saccades. Neural asymmetries between the upper and lower hemifields are strong and cause corresponding differences in performance between the hemifields. There are interesting individual differences in asymmetric processing which seem to be related to the strength of eye dominance. These neurophysiological asymmetries and the corresponding asymmetries in visual performance and oculomotor behaviour can strongly influence experimental results in vision and must be considered during experimental design and the interpretation of results.
Rhythmic auditory cues shape neural network recruitment in Parkinson's disease during repetitive motor behavior
Authors: Braunlich Kurt , Seger Carol A. , Jentink Kade G. , Buard Isabelle , Kluger Benzi M. , Thaut Michael H.
Published: October 2018

It is well established clinically that rhythmic auditory cues can improve gait and other motor behaviors in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other disorders. However, the neural systems underlying this therapeutic effect are largely unknown. To investigate this question we scanned people withPDand age‐matched healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All subjects performed a rhythmic motor behavior (right hand finger tapping) with and without simultaneous auditory rhythmic cues at two different speeds (1 and 4 Hz). We used spatial independent component analysis (ICA) and regression to identify task‐related functional connectivity networks and assessed differences between groups in intra‐ and inter‐network connectivity. Overall, the control group showed greater intra‐network connectivity in perceptual and motor related networks during motor tapping both with and without rhythmic cues. ThePDgroup showed greater inter‐network connectivity between the auditory network and the executive control network, and between the executive control network and the motor/cerebellar network associated with the motor task performance. We interpret our results as indicating that the temporal rhythmic auditory information may assist compensatory mechanisms through network‐level effects, reflected in increased interaction between auditory and executive networks that in turn modulate activity in cortico‐cerebellar networks.
Multistage Adaptive Testing Design in International Large‐Scale Assessments
Authors: Yamamoto Kentaro , Shin Hyo Jeong , Khorramdel Lale
Published: October 2018

A multistage adaptive testing (MST) design was implemented for the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) starting in 2012 for about 40 countries and has been implemented for the 2018 cycle of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for more than 80 countries. Using examples from PISA and PIAAC, this article addresses the advantages and considerations of an MST design in the context of international large‐scale assessments (ILSAs). It illustrates and discusses the unique features of the implemented designs in PISA and PIAAC and the expected gains in test efficiency and accuracy, as well as limitations and challenges of MST designs for cross‐country surveys. Practical aspects and insights into utilizing MST to measure complex constructs in cross‐cultural surveys are provided.
Can threatened species adapt in a restored habitat? No expected evolutionary response in lay date for the New Zealand hihi
Authors: de Villemereuil Pierre , Rutschmann Alexis , Ewen John G. , Santure Anna W. , Brekke Patricia
Published: October 2018

Many bird species have been observed shifting their laying date to earlier in the year in response to climate change. However, the vast majority of these studies were performed on non‐threatened species, less impacted by reduced genetic diversity (which is expected to limit evolutionary response) as a consequence of genetic bottlenecks, drift and population isolation. Here, we study the relationship between lay date and fitness, as well as its genetic basis, to understand the evolutionary constraints on phenology faced by threatened species using a recently reintroduced population of the endangered New Zealand passerine, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). A large discrepancy between the optimal laying date and the mode of laying date creates a strong selection differential of −11.24. The impact of this discrepancy on fitness is principally mediated through survival of offspring from hatchling to fledgling. This discrepancy does not seem to arise from a difference in female quality or a trade‐off with lifetime breeding success. We find that start of breeding season depends on female age and average temperature prior to the breeding season. Laying date is not found to be significantly heritable. Overall, our research suggests that this discrepancy is a burden on hihi fitness, which will not be resolved through evolution or phenotypic plasticity. More generally, these results show that threatened species introduced to restored habitats might lack adaptive potential and plasticity to adjust their phenology to their new environment. This constraint is also likely to limit their ability to face future challenges, including climate change.
Probabilistic prediction of minimum fatigue life behaviour in α + β titanium alloys
Authors: Golden Patrick J. , Whitney‐Rawls Ashley , Jha Sushant K. , Porter, III W. John , Buchanan Dennis , Prasad Kartik , Chandravanshi Vivek , Kumar Vikas , John Reji
Published: October 2018

The objective of this work was to develop and demonstrate a probabilistic life prediction method for the prediction of minimum fatigue lives that are typically used in the design of fracture critical rotating turbine engine components. A Monte Carlo analysis was used to predict the variability in fatigue lives based on the distribution of microstructural features that lead to early crack initiation as well as the variability in small fatigue crack growth rates. Two titanium alloys, both with bimodal microstructures, were tested and analysed in this study. The distribution of critical microstructural features was calibrated based on test results and understanding of microstructure neighbourhood effects. Testing was conducted on both alloys and included both smooth and notched specimens. The predictions are presented and compared with the data for smooth and notch geometries for the various loading conditions. A parametric study was performed to identify the importance of several model inputs and to identify areas for future improvement.
A novel role for acid‐sensing ion channels in Pavlovian reward conditioning
Authors: Ghobbeh Ali , Taugher Rebecca J. , Alam Syed M. , Fan Rong , LaLumiere Ryan T. , Wemmie John A.
Published: October 2018

Pavlovian fear conditioning has been shown to depend on acid‐sensing ion channel‐1A (ASIC1A); however, it is unknown whether conditioning to rewarding stimuli also depends on ASIC1A. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ASIC1A contributes to Pavlovian conditioning to a non‐drug reward. We found effects of ASIC1A disruption depended on the relationship between the conditional stimulus (CS) and the unconditional stimulus (US), which was varied between five experiments. In experiment 1, when the CS preceded the US signaling an upcoming reward, Asic1a−/− mice exhibited a deficit in conditioning compared to Asic1a+/+ mice. Alternatively, in experiment 2, when the CS coinitiated with the US and signaled immediate reward availability, the Asic1a−/− mice exhibited an increase in conditioned responses compared to Asic1a+/+ mice, which contrasted with the deficits in the first experiment. Furthermore, in experiments 3 and 4, when the CS partially overlapped in time with the US, or the CS was shortened and coinitiated with the US, the Asic1a−/− mice did not differ from control mice. The contrasting outcomes were likely because of differences in conditioning because in experiment 5 neither the Asic1a−/− nor Asic1a+/+ mice acquired conditioned responses when the CS and US were explicitly unpaired. Taken together, these results suggest that the effects of ASIC1A disruption on reward conditioning depend on the temporal relationship between the CS and US. Furthermore, these results suggest that ASIC1A plays a critical, yet nuanced role in Pavlovian conditioning. More research will be needed to deconstruct the roles of ASIC1A in these fundamental forms of learning and memory.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality at Yuncheng Basin: Denotation for the Water Management in China
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Gao Xubo
Published: October 2018

Dramatic decreases in groundwater quality have raised widespread concerns about water supplies and ecological crises in China. In this study, hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and graphical and multivariate statistical methods are integrated to identify hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the Yuncheng Basin, China. Our results show that groundwater with 21 variables (pH, temperature‐T, total dissolved solid, major‐trace elements, and stable isotopes) is chemically classified into three distinct clusters: fresh water [C1], brackish‐saline water [C2], and saline water [C3]. Groundwater salinization is identified as the prime process in controlling groundwater quality for shallow groundwater and deep groundwater in the lowland areas. Large‐scale As, F, or B contaminations found in groundwater are closely related to groundwater salinization, agricultural activity, and the exploration of geothermal water in the area. With respect to the risk of contamination, groundwater in the basin is spatially divided into the following: shallow groundwater with a high risk located in the north side of the Salt Lake, shallow groundwater with a moderate risk, and deep groundwater with a low to moderate risk. Nationally, the increasing demand on groundwater is threatened by a range of environmental and health pressures, including salinization and contaminations of nitrate, As, F, or B. Our study indicates that natural water‐rock interactions and hydrogeological conditions are significant factors controlling these contaminations. Systematic management and regulation of existing groundwater resources are required to prevent further deterioration of groundwater resources. Policies should be made and implemented to ensure “green” exploitation of geothermal water.
Evaluation of a project to engage patients in the development of a patient‐reported measure forHIVcare (the I‐Score Study)
Authors: Lessard David , Engler Kim , Toupin Isabelle ,   I‐Score Consulting Team, Routy Jean‐Pierre , Lebouché Bertrand
Published: October 2018

Background

Patient engagement (PE), patients’ meaningful involvement in research through partnerships and sensitivity to their expertise, is receiving attention. However,PEinitiatives are poorly reported and little is known about patients’ perspective onPE.

Objective

To document and evaluate the first phase (22 months) of aPEProject for the I‐Score Study which is developing a patient‐reported measure ofHIVtreatment adherence barriers, we describe the nature ofPEconducted, determine the level ofPEachieved and present its impacts from the engaged patients’ perspective.

Setting and participants

A Montreal‐based committee of ten people withHIVwas recruited from community and clinical settings and participated in: I‐Score study decision making, knowledge dissemination, research on the experience of people withHIVand thePEproject's evaluation.

Methods

The evaluation followed a convergent parallel mixed‐methods design. Data collection included participant observation, a satisfaction survey and meeting minutes/transcriptions. Analysis entailed reportingPEactivities, generating descriptive statistics and thematically analysing qualitative material.

Results

PEconsisted of twelve meetings, including two focus groups (needs assessment), in addition to four knowledge dissemination activities.PElevels showed an increase: the first four regular meetings entailed information/consultation, while subsequent meetings reached implication/collaboration. Regarding impacts, patients indicated high and stable satisfaction rates (M = 4.4/5;SD = 0.76). Furthermore, thematic analysis identified “positive interactions,” “co‐learning,” “self‐determination,” and “the collective management of confidentiality” as importantPEimpacts for engaged patients.

Conclusion

ThisPEProject evaluation highlighted growing engagement levels, high satisfaction rates and the importance of a patient‐centric approach toPE.
Persistence of an imperiled specialist bee and its rare host plant in a protected area
Authors: Portman Zachary M. , Tepedino Vincent J. , Tripodi Amber D.
Published: October 2018

The Mojave Desert of the southwestern U.S. is home to two protected species of poppy in the genus Arctomecon Torr. & Frém. (Papaveraceae). A pollinator of these species is the specialist bee Perdita meconis Griswold (Andrenidae) a specialist on poppy pollen.

Recently, the easternmost population of P. meconis, which was associated with A. humilis Coville in Utah, has become locally extinct, and other historically associated bee pollinators have become scarce. Implicated in the disruption of this pollination system is invasion by the Africanised honey bee.

Here we report on the status of P. meconis in historic populations associated with congener A. californica Torr. & Frém., 100 km west in Clark Co., Nevada where the Africanised honey bee is also adventive.

We surveyed flower visitors at eight A. californica populations in 2017, six of which had been surveyed in 1995. In general, we found no disruptions of the historic pollination system of A. californica despite the presence of abundant Africanised honey bees, which largely foraged at other flower species.

The most likely cause of the disparate effects of the Africanised honey bee in Utah and Nevada is livestock grazing. Grazing in Utah has been continuous for over three decades and while cattle do not graze A. humilis, they graze its floral competitors, forcing honey bees to forage on poppy flowers. In Nevada, protections afforded to the desert tortoise halted grazing approximately when the Africanised honey bee invaded, making diverse floral forage available for honey bees.
The meaning of working for young people: the case of the millennials
Authors: Manuti Amelia , Curci Antonietta , Van der Heijden Beatrice
Published: October 2018

The meaning people attribute to working is a multidimensional construct, accounting for personal values, expectations, beliefs and attitudes towards work, which originates and develops because of life cycle experiences. The main aim of this paper is to contribute to the investigation of the ‘meaning of working’ by focusing on the causal relationships between the core components of the construct in a sample of young people – namely the Millennials – who have not yet entered the labour market. Participants, 466 high school and 357 university students, selected from different educational domains, were invited to fill in a questionnaire encompassing the central variables of the ‘meaning of working’ protocol (that is, work centrality, work goals, valued working outcomes and societal norms about work). Results showed a direct relationship between work centrality and valued working outcomes, and a partial mediation effect of work goals and societal norms about work, in the relationship with work centrality. The results raise several research questions which need to be answered by further investigation, both as regards the current evolution of the construct of the meaning of working and as regards its measurement. The results can also be useful in helping to plan tailor‐made vocational guidance programmes as well as organizational training and development interventions targeted on the specific features of this new workforce.
Prevalence of probable sleep bruxism and associated factors in Brazilian schoolchildren
Authors: Drumond Clarissa Lopes , Ramos‐Jorge Joana , Vieira‐Andrade Raquel Gonçalves , Paiva Saul Martins , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria Cheib , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia
Published: October 2018

Aim

To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren.

Design

This cross‐sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P < 0.05).

Results

The prevalence of PSB was 40.0% (n = 176). The final Poisson regression model showed that PSB was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of nail biting (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19‐1.90; P = 0.001) and biting objects (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03‐1.63; P = 0.025) and less prevalent among girls (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.98; P = 0.033).

Conclusions

The prevalence of PSB in schoolchildren was high. Schoolchildren with a history of nail biting and biting objects had a higher prevalence of PSB.
The intermittent travelling salesman problem
Authors: Pham Tu‐San , Leyman Pieter , De Causmaecker Patrick
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we introduce a new variant of the travelling salesman problem, namely the intermittent travelling salesman problem (ITSP), which is inspired by real‐world drilling/texturing applications. In this problem, each vertex can be visited more than once and there is a temperature constraint enforcing a time lapse between two consecutive visits. A branch‐and‐bound approach is proposed to solve small instances to optimality. We furthermore develop four variable neighbourhood search metaheuristics which produce high‐quality solutions for large instances. An instance library is built and made publicly available.
Australian rice varieties vary in grain yield response to heat stress during reproductive and grain filling stages
Authors: Ali Fawad , Waters Daniel L.E. , Ovenden Ben , Bundock Peter , Raymond Carolyn A. , Rose Terry J.
Published: October 2018

Climate change may lead to an increase in both day and night time temperatures in rice (Oryza sativa L) growing regions, but the impact of such temperature increases on yields of Australian rice varieties is not known. We evaluated the biomass and grain yield response of eleven Australian rice varieties including long, medium and short grain types, and the Californian cultivar M205, to heat stress during the reproductive phase and grain filling stages. Heat stress (day/night = 35/25°C) was applied at one of three stages: from panicle exertion to anthesis (PE), from anthesis to 10 days after anthesis (EGF) and from 10–20 days after anthesis (LGF) periods after which the effect on biomass and grain yield was compared to control plants. When heat stress was applied at PE and early grain filling stages, mean grain yield losses across rice varieties were 83% and 53%, respectively, though significant genotype × heat stress treatment interactions were observed. Notably, three varieties—YRM 67, Koshihikari and Opus—appeared to possess greater tolerance to heat stress at these growth stages. A significant genotype × heat stress treatment interaction was also observed in the LGF treatment, where significant yield reductions were only observed in Opus (21% loss) and YRM 67 (25% loss). A lack of effect of heat stress on total grain yield in most varieties at late grain filling appeared to be due to late tiller grain yields which were either unaffected by the heat stress or increased significantly compared to control plants. While genetic variation for tolerance to heat stress across the three growth stages was observed, there was no rice genotype that was consistently tolerant (in terms of yield under stress) across all three heat stress treatments. In the absence of a genotype that showed broad heat stress tolerance during reproductive growth, we suggest screening of a wider pool of more diverse rice germplasm is warranted.