bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O USO DE AGROTÓXICOS NA AGRICULTURA E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS TOXICOLÓGICAS E AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Tavella Leonardo Barreto , Silva Ítalo Nunes , Fontes Larissa de Oliveira , Dias Jairo Rafael Machado , Silva Maria Izabel de Lima
Published: April 2024

O Brasil é um dos poucos, entre os grandes produtores agrícolas que reúnem competitividade para prover a demanda mundial por alimentos, fibras e energia renovável. Não se pode negar que esta demanda, em termos de produtividade, é proporcionada pelo uso de agrotóxicos no campo. Portanto, o uso de agrotóxico pode ser considerado uma ferramenta fundamental para assegurar a proteção, contra baixas produtividades ou a destruição da cultura, porém deve ser usado de forma correta, para se evitar problemas toxicológicos para o homem e para o meio ambiente. Com isso o objetivo desta revisão é relatar, o uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura e suas consequências toxicológicas e ambientais no Brasil.
BIOMETRIA IN VIVO DE OVINOS MANTIDOS EM SISTEMA SILVIPASTORIL NO SEMI-ÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Santos Francielle Rodrigues , Santos Mário Jorge Campos dos
Published: April 2024

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as medidas corporais in vivo, através da otimização e manejo dos componentes arbóreos nativo em consorciação com ovinos Santa Inês em propriedades rurais no semi-árido sergipano. A pesquisa foi realizada no povoado Tapado em Pedra Mole–SE. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos da raça Santa Inês, machos, castrados e com média de peso vivo inicial de 18,5kg. O período experimental teve duração de 84 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado, sendo os animais alocados em dois tratamentos: pastejo à vontade sem suplementação e pastejo à vontade com suplementação de 1% do peso vivo com palma forrageira e farelo de milho. As inferências estatísticas empregadas foram análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (5%). A suplementação do componente animal no SSP possibilitou maiores valores para as medidas morfométricas in vivo, onde o comprimento corporal e a largura da garupa variaram de 62,28 a 65,12 cm, e de 18,09 a 20,12 cm. A suplementação alimentar de 1% do peso vivo na alimentação dos animais durante o período de maior déficit hídrico possibilitou para o agricultor um maior ganho de peso vivo ao abate.
INTERFERÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS SOBRE PLANTAS CULTIVADAS
Authors: Da Costa de Andrade Vasconcelos Maria da Conceição , Silva Antonia Francilene Alves da , Lima Raelly da Silva
Published: April 2024

Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo abordar as principais formas de interferência das plantas daninhas sobre as culturas, dando ênfase a três pontos mais importantes, sendo eles a competição, considerada a maior forma de interferência; a alelopatia e a hospedabilidade de plantas daninhas a fitopatógenos, discutindo os principais conceitos de interferência, citando as principaiscaracterísticas das espécies mais problemáticas e explanando sobre a consequência dessa interferência na agricultura. Além desses pontos foi discutindo a importância do banco de sementes na renovação do ciclo dessas espécies, abordando as características das sementes de plantas daninhas, classificação do banco de sementes e formas de entrada e saída destas no sistema. Essas informações podem ser utilizadas na predição do controle de plantas daninhas, colaborando como uma fonte de consulta para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que visem o controle de plantas daninhas.
Avaliação da temperatura timpânica para estudos bioclimáticos em ovinos deslanados
Authors: Souza Bonifácio Benicio de , Batista Nayanne Lopes , Silva Iran José de Oliveira , Zotti Claiton André , Ferreira Evandro Maia
Published: April 2024

Objetivou-se com este estudo comparar as variáveis fisiológicas temperatura retal (TR), temperatura timpânica (TT) e a frequência respiratória (FR) de ovinos e verificar a correlação entre estas em condições térmicas diferentes, visando a validação ou não da temperatura timpânica nos estudos bioclimatológicos com ovinos deslanados. O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz – ESALQ da Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba SP. Foram utilizadas 48 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, em confinamento, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (horários: 7:00, 13:00 e 19:00 horas). Verificou-se que as condições de conforto térmico variou em função do horário, tendo sido observado condições de desconforto às 13:00 horas, com ITGU igual a 87,78. Houve efeito significativo do horário de observação para todas as variáveis estudadas, tendo sido registradas as maiores médias às 13:00 horas. Verificou-se correlações positivas e significativas (P<0,001) da TT com a TR e a FR (r =0,39 e 0,41, respectivamente). Concluiu-se que a temperatura timpânica não deve ser usada em substituição à temperatura retal em estudos bioclimatológicos em ovinos deslanados.
Couve-folha fertilizada com mata-pasto (Senna uniflora) sob diferentes quantidades e formas de aplicação
Authors: Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Pereira Maria Francisca Soares , Martins Monalisa de Lima , Moreira Jeiza Costa , Da Silva Edicleide Macedo , Fernandes João Pedro Peixoto
Published: April 2024

O mata-pasto (Senna uniflora) é uma espécie de bastante ocorrência na região de Mossoró-RN, no período chuvoso, com produção de fitomassa seca média de 5000 kg ha-1, com concentração de nitrogênio de 20,0 g kg-1, o que predispõe a mesma para ser utilizada como adubo verde. O experimento foi conduzido na casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, no período de agosto a novembro de 2011, com o objetivo de avaliar a couve-folha fertilizada com mata-pasto sob diferentes quantidades e formas de aplicação. O delineamento experimental usado foi inteiramente casualizado com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de cinco quantidades de mata-pasto (4,0; 8,0; 12,0; 16,0 e 20,0 t ha-1, correspondendo a 80,0; 160,0; 240,0; 320,0 e 400,0 g vaso-1 em base seca) mais duas formas de aplicação (incorporado e em cobertura). As características avaliadas foram: número de folhas por planta, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea. A melhor performance agronômica da couve-folha foi obtida com a aplicação de 400 g vaso-1, correspondendo a 20,0 t ha-1 da palhada de mata-pasto disposta em cobertura.
Caracterização físico-química de frutos de pimentão em diferentes acessos mercadológico
Authors: Ferreira Luiz Leonardo , Oliveira Francisco Sidene , Almeida Antonio Ewerton da Silva , Lima Rydley klapeyron Bezerra , Loiola Aline Torquato , Santos Elisangela Cabral dos , Porto Vania Christina Nascimento
Published: April 2024

Um dos desafios da cadeia produtiva do pimentão é melhorar a eficiência no processo de comercialização, momento em que ocorrem perdas pós-colheita elevadas. Mediante o exposto objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar as características de frutos de pimentão em diferentes acessos mercadológico no município de Mossoró-RN. Os frutos foram obtidos diretamente dos ambientes de venda em seguida, estes foram colocados em caixas de isopor e conduzidos ao Laboratório de Laboratório de Fisiologia e tecnologia pós-colheita na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. As variáveis avaliadas foram: análise morfológica do fruto: comprimento, diâmetro em (cm) e Massa fresca em (g); e análise de qualidade: teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), pH, acidez titulável (AT), relação entre os sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável (SS/AT); e vitamina C. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos correspondentes a ambientes de venda de frutos de pimentão: Feira Livre, Refrigerado Embalado, Refrigerado e Mercadinho, em 04 repetições.  Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, a comparação de médias foi feita pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % de probabilidade. Na análise morfológica dos frutos de pimentão não foi verificado diferença significativa nas variáveis peso e diâmetro de fruto, verificada esta relação apenas no comprimento deste. O que implica relatar que não há uma tendência concreta que distingui o porte fruto quanto ao ambiente de venda. Os ambientes de venda não diferiram quanto a avaliação da qualidade dos frutos de pimentão nas características de vitamina C, pH, AT e SS/AT, apenas diferindo no caráter SS.
EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DA CULTURA DO MILHO VERDE, ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA
Authors: Oliveira Santos Wesley de , Costa Nunes Renato Leandro , Carvalho Galvão Daniel de , Costa Pereira Vágna da , Marques Maniçoba Rudah , Araújo Lima João Guilherme , Carneiro Viana Paula
Published: April 2024

A cultura do milho é explorada em todos os municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, visando à produção de grãos maduros e do chamado “milho verde”, com isso esse trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a Evapotranspiração da cultura determinada por lisimetria e pela metodologia da FAO, assim como para os coeficientes de cultura (Kc dual) nas diferentes fases fenológicas da cultura do milho nas condições edafoclimáticas de Mossoró/RN. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada na comunidade de Alagoinha (5o03’37”S; 37o23’50”W e altitude de 72 m), pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), distante 20 km da cidade de Mossoró/RN. A ETc estimada com base na metodologia da FAO obteve um desempenho muito bom quando utilizada em escala diária e um desempenho bom para a escala semanal, quando comparada com a ETc medida nos lisímetros de pesagem de acordo com o indicadores estatísticos r, d e c. O intervalo de confiança para os kc’s com 95% de probabilidade de confiança durante cada fase fenológica da cultura foram I–(0,48 a 0,52), II-(0,61 a 0,75), III-(1,14 a 1,19) e IV-(1,08 a 1,17). Os valores de coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) obtidos podem ser utilizados para o manejo de irrigação do milho verde cultivado sob sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Município de Mossoró/RN no período em que esse estudo foi desenvolvido.
Diagnóstico dos sistemas de produção de leite de cabra no município de Sumé, cariri da Paraíba
Authors: Souza Bonifácio Benicio de , Silva Elisângela Maria Nunes da , Silva , Gustavo de Assis , Azevedo Sérgio Santos de , Marque Bênnio Alexandre de Assis , Gomes Thiago Lima da Silva
Published: April 2024

Objetivou-se com este trabalho fazer uma caracterização dos sistemas de produção de leite de cabra no município de Sumé-Paraíba. As informações foram obtidas por meio da aplicação de questionário, composto por perguntas referentes à propriedade, rebanho, produção e manejo, do tipo entrevista estruturada. Os resultados demonstraram que 81,7% (49/60) do total das propriedades do estudo pertenciam aos próprios produtores de leite. Com relação ao tamanho das propriedades 71,6% (43/60) possuíam área com até 30 hectares. As raças caprinas mais criadas foram Saanen e Parda Alpina 58,3% (35/60). Para a produção de leite 78,3% das propriedades (47/60) tinham uma produção média diária de até 30 kg leite. O maior percentual de produção de leite por animal 75% (45/60) foi observado para os animais com média de produção variando de um a 1,5 kg/dia. O sistema semi–intensivo de criação predominou em 75,0% (45/60) das propriedades. O sistema familiar de produção com baixo uso de tecnologias, pequenas propriedades com área de até 30 hectares e rebanhos com até 50 animais predominam no município de Sumé na Paraíba. O pouco uso das técnicas de conservação de forragens aumenta o consumo de concentrados e eleva os custos de produção.
Produção de feijão vigna sob adubação orgânica em ambiente semiárido
Authors: Pereira Rennan Fernandes , Lima Antônio Suassuna de , Maia Filho Francisco das Chagas Fernandes , Cavalcante Salatiel Nunes , Santos José Geraldo Rodrigues dos , Andrade Raimundo
Published: April 2024

A adubação orgânica vem sendo tratada como forma de nutrição para os vegetais, com redução na aplicação de fertilizantes químicos. São escassos os relatos sobre essa prática em feijoeiro vigna na região semiárida brasileira. Sabendo-se que o feijão é um alimento básico para a população, faz-se necessária a realização de estudos dessa natureza. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a produção de feijoeiro vigna sob adubação orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido, em campo, no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB. Foram estudadas 3 fontes (esterco bovino, caprino e húmus de minhoca) e 5 doses de adubos orgânicos (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 kg por cova), fatorialmente combinados em esquema 3 x 5 e arranjados num delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados (4 blocos), com duas plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas variáveis de produção, onde os dados observados foram submetidos à análise de variância, pelo teste F, e, para as variáveis significativas, foram realizadas análises de regressão e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey. Verificou-se que o feijoeiro obtém maior produção quando se incorpora húmus de minhoca (21,7 t ha-1) e esterco bovino (17,3 t ha-1) no solo e que, doses muito elevadas de adubos orgânicos proporcionam redução na produção da cultura.
Diferentes Substratos na Produção de Mudas de Pimentão
Authors: Coêlho João Luiz de Sousa , Silva Roseano Medeiros da , Baima William David Sousa , Gonsalves Hyngrid Rannielle de Oliveira , Santos Neto Francisco Canindé dos , Aguiar Ana Verônica Menezes de
Published: April 2024

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.), produzidas com diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido em Mossoró-RN, onde se utilizou a cultivar híbrida vermelha AF 7086. Os tratamentos constaram de T1 = Substrato Comercial (SC); T2 = SC + areia (AR); T3 = SC + bagaço de pecíolo de carnaúba triturada (BC); T4 = SC + casca de arroz crua triturada (CA); T5 = SC + composto orgânico (CO) e T6 = SC + AR + BC + CA + CO. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a altura da parte aérea, o comprimento da raiz, o número de folhas e a massa seca total da planta. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram diferença significativa, no teste Scott Knott (5%), para três das quatro características avaliadas: altura da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz e número de folhas. Com relação aos tratamentos, o que apresentou médias significativamente superiores nas três variáveis foi o T5(SC + CO), e o que apresentou menores desempenhos foi o T4 (SC + CA).
Quantificação de Taninos Condensados na Casca de Copaifera arenicola em uma População na Região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Cavalcanti da Silva Luan , Gênesis da Silva Neves Abidã , De Paiva Kayo , Da Silva Lima Nayane , Nascimento Paula , De Azevedo Tatiane
Published: April 2024

Popularmente intitulada como copaíba, as espécies do gênero Copaifera são conhecidas por apresentarem propriedades medicinais, possuindo ação anti-inflamatória, cicatrizante e antioxidante, está inserida no mercado moveleiro, na alimentação animal e sob a forma de combustível.  Atualmente, a intensa procura por polímeros a base de tanino tem se tornado recorrente devido apresentar características que impulsionam o seu uso, como baixo custo e por serem classificados como biodegradáveis. Faz-se necessário conhecer as inúmeras características e aplicações das espécies da região, podendo se tornar fonte de renda, mas de forma consciente. Desta forma, objetivou-se quantificar os taninos condensados presentes na casca de Copaifera arenicola em uma população no nordeste do Brasil. Foram selecionados cinco indivíduos provenientes de floresta nativa contida na Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí - UFRN e retirado amostras de casca. O processo de extração foi através da fervura. Assim, obteve-se os valores de taninos condensados (TTC), teor de sólidos totais (TST), índice de Stiasny (I) e teor de não taninos (TNT). Os resultados alcançados foram: para TTC, 13,74%; TST igual a 16,18%; I de 84,93% e TNT igual a 2,44%. A Copaifera arenicola apresentou alto teor de taninos condensados e alto índice de Stiasny.
Good Faith Governance: Risk Management in Government Procurement Contracts
Authors: Nubatonis Orpa Juliana
Published: April 2024

The parties' good faith must accompany implementing goods/services procurement agreements. Good faith is a filter based on moral values ​​and decency. In the contract for the procurement of goods/services, the government is said to have the ability to pay (solve) to the provider in accordance with the value of the contract that has been mutually agreed upon, with a guarantee that every contact has always been budgeted for in the RAPBN/D but in reality bankrupt) In this case, there is a claim from the private party, the goods/services provider. Therefore, we need regulation on how the government can regulate or make clear rules that demand from the private sector no longer arise because, of course, this is very disturbing to government affairs, even though in every contract, it is hoped that it will run well and smoothly. Therefore, risk management is needed against lawsuits from private parties. The research method is normative research with a concept approach (especially the concept of risk management, government default, goods/services procurement contracts and good faith); the case approach and the relevant statutory approach were used in this study. This study aims to examine and elaborate more on the government's default risk management arrangements in government goods/services procurement contracts from the principle of good faith. Procurement of goods/services from the perspective of good faith. Risk management arrangements are needed to avoid the risk of claims from the private sector, in this case, providers of goods/services against the government with affirmation actions in laws and regulations related to the procurement of government goods/ services, that when the government defaults/defaults it does not interfere with the implementation of government duties.
Legal Protection for Foreign Investments Aligned with the Second Principle of Pancasila: A Scholarly Exploration
Authors: Tedjokusumo Dave David , Siswanto Carissa Amanda
Published: April 2024

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in a country's economic advancement. This research focuses on assessing the legal protection afforded to FDI, with a specific emphasis on applying the second principle of Pancasila, "Just and Civilized Humanity." The goal is to ensure sustainability, respect for human rights, and active participation in foreign investments in Indonesia. The research adopts a normative legal approach, analyzing key legal documents and regulations, including Law Number 25 of 2007. The evaluation encompasses procedures and policies aimed at preserving FDI in Indonesia. The research findings highlight the significant influence of the second principle of Pancasila in establishing a legal and moral framework for the protection of FDI. This principle underscores the importance of fair and dignified treatment for all individuals, including foreign investors. These principles are explicitly outlined in Law Number 25 of 2007, which delineates the rights and responsibilities of foreign investments, advocates for equal treatment, and supports sustainable and equitable economic growth. However, challenges in implementing legal protection for FDI persist, including discrepancies in legal interpretation, bureaucratic complexities, and shifts in government policies. Addressing these issues is crucial to fostering a conducive environment for foreign investments and aligning with the ideals of Pancasila for just and civilized humanity.
Disentangling Person-Dependent and Item-Dependent Causal Effects: Applications of Item Response Theory to the Estimation of Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Authors: Gilbert Joshua B. , Miratrix Luke W. , Joshi Mridul , Domingue Benjamin W.
Published: April 2024

Analyzing heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) plays a crucial role in understanding the impacts of educational interventions. A standard practice for HTE analysis is to examine interactions between treatment status and preintervention participant characteristics, such as pretest scores, to identify how different groups respond to treatment. This study demonstrates that the identical patterns of HTE on test score outcomes can emerge either from variation in treatment effects due to a preintervention participant characteristic or from correlations between treatment effects and item easiness parameters. We demonstrate analytically and through simulation that these two scenarios cannot be distinguished if analysis is based on summary scores alone. We then describe a novel approach that identifies the relevant data-generating process by leveraging item-level data. We apply our approach to a randomized trial of a reading intervention in second grade and show that any apparent HTE by pretest ability is driven by the correlation between treatment effect size and item easiness. Our results highlight the potential of employing measurement principles in causal analysis, beyond their common use in test construction.
ScholarOne - Conceptual model for examining the factors influencing military teachers' adoption and long-term willingness to use BL-based instruction in class
Authors: weiyi Zhang , fang bei , qiwu wu , yanli chu
Published: April 2024

Teachers play a pivotal role in Blended learning (BL) implementation.
However, there is limited literature on the impact factors of teacher
acceptance and long-term willingness toward BL in the military college.
To address this gap, this paper presents a conceptual model of teachers’
factors for BL-based instruction based on the unified theory of
acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Drawing from a sample of
103 teachers, this paper showed that effort expectation (EE), social
influence (SI), self-efficacy (SE), and pleasure motivation (PM) have
significant positive impacts on the adoption and long-term willingness
of BL. In contrast, performance expectation (PE) seems to have limited
appeal for teachers in terms of adopting and long-term willingness
toward BL. The influence of Facilitate Conditions (FC) is considered
insignificant. In the end, the paper concludes with research
recommendations along six dimensions to improve policy on teachers’
adoption and long-term willingness to use
The Crimean War of 1853–1856 and the peoples of the North Caucasus
Authors: Kidirniyazov Daniyal , Magomaev Vakha , Rabadanova Albina
Published: April 2024

The article highlights the Crimean War and the attitude of the North Caucasian peoples to it on the basis of documentary materials and scientific literature. It is also shown that this military campaign began as a result of the deepening geopolitical disagreements of world players. In addition, it is considered how the leading European states tried to attract local peoples to the confrontation with the Russian state in their own interests.
Individual psychological features of stress resistance of a civil service employee
Authors: Hasanova Sevinj
Published: April 2024

A civil servant must have certain leadership qualities the accompany his elite-oriented activity. In the article numerous studies of leadership qualities were analyzed. The article formulates a typology of personality spaces and presents a criteria-based model of leadership psychology based on the key qualities of a leader and which possess highly competitive advantages.
State awards for representatives of high performance (elite) sport
Authors: Samokhin Ivan , Erokhova Natalya , Chernov Alexander , Nikashina Natalya , Karavanova Lyudmila
Published: April 2024

The article examines the historical evolution of state awards for achievements in high performance (elite) sport in the 20th - 21st centuries. The authors use the definition of a state award proposed by A.I. Goncharov: “the highest form of rewarding citizens for services to the state and society, normatively established by the head of state or the highest body of state power”. The analysis of scientific literature and official documents made it possible to identify two main traditions associated with the studied phaleronyms and honorary titles: French-African and Soviet-centric.
Geostratigraphic mapping of the intrusive Valentine Domes on the Moon
Authors: Suarez Valencia Javier , Rossi Angelo
Published: April 2024

Lunar intrusive igneous rocks have not been widely studied in the past; this is related to their rare occurrence in the surface of the Moon, and the difficulty to identify them. Most of the known structures of this type were discovered with telescopic images and were identified as intrusive domes, which are characterized by their oval shape, low slope, and subtle effect in the topography. We analyzed one of these systems with modern datasets and techniques, the Valentine domes, located near the rim of the west Serenitatis basin. We created a geostratigraphic map of the zone, combining geomorphological and spectral classifications. The aspect map turned out to be the most suitable product to search and delimit these structures, it also allowed the identification of a new dome southeast of the principal body, meaning the intrusive system is bigger than previously thought. From the detailed mapping, it was found that the three domes can be classified as laccoliths; and that several secondary structures such as rilles, dykes, and secondary domes record different stages of intrusive activity in the location. A crater counting analysis revealed that the system was active at least until 1.88 Ga ago. Finally, similar intrusive bodies on Earth host ore minerals, which highlights their importance as a target for future exploration.
Breaking internal waves on sloping topography: connecting parcel displacements to overturn size, interior-boundary exchanges, and mixing
Authors: Whitley Victoria , Wenegrat Jacob
Published: April 2024

Internal waves impinging on sloping topography can generate mixing through the formation of near-bottom bores and overturns in what has been called the `internal swash' zone. Here we investigate the mixing generated during these breaking events, and the subsequent ventilation of the bottom boundary layer, across a realistic non-dimensional parameter space for the ocean using three-dimensional large eddy simulations. Waves overturn and break at two points during a wave period: when the downslope velocity is strongest and during the rapid onset of a dense, upslope bore. From the first overturning bore to the expulsion of fluid into the interior, there is a strong dependence on the length scale defined by the ratio of wave velocity over the background buoyancy frequency, an upper bound on the vertical parcel displacement an internal wave can cause. While this energetically-motivated vertical length scale is often seen in the context of lee wave generation over topography, the results discussed here suggest the same parameter can be used to determine the size of near-boundary overturns, the strength of the ensuing turbulent mixing, and the vertical scale of the along-isopycnal intrusions of fluid ejected from the boundary layer. Consideration of a volume budget of the near-boundary region highlights spatial and temporal variability that must be taken into account when determining the water-mass transformation during this process.
Concepts and capabilities of the Instructed Glacier Model
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Cook Samuel , Cordonnier Guillaume , Finley Brandon , Henz Andreas , Herrmann Oskar , Maussion Fabien , Mey Jürgen , Scherler Dirk , Welty Ethan
Published: April 2024

We present the concept and capabilities of IGM (https://github.com/jouvetg/igm), a Python-based modeling tool designed for efficiently simulating glacier evolution across various scales. IGM integrates ice thermomechanics, climate-driven surface mass balance, mass conservation, and other processes. Within IGM, the update of all physical model components involves a series of mathematical operations on horizontal raster grids, performed by the Tensorflow library. This design choice results in high parallelization capabilities, particularly beneficial when executed on GPU hardware. The most challenging aspect of parallelization within IGM is the ice flow model, which leverages a physics-informed convolutional neural network trained from high-order ice flow physics. Conversely, components like the positive-degree day surface mass balance or the enthalpy thermal scheme take advantage of pixel-wise parallelization. Beyond its computational efficiency, IGM offers a user-friendly coding structure and modularity to promote community development, an OGGM-based module for accessing the data, data assimilation through underlying automatic differentiation tools, and post-processing vizualization routines. We present a comprehensive workflow, which includes data preprocessing, inverse and forward modeling, and rendering of results, enabling the rapid modeling of any mountain glacier globally by providing its RGI ID within a few minutes.
Attentional Boost in Visual Working Memory? Concurrent Target Detection Enhances the Precision but Reduces the Retention Probability
Authors: Yamaguchi Motonori , Liesefeld Heinrich R , Fukuda Keisuke
Published: April 2024

Dual-tasking causes mutual interference between the two tasks. As an exception to this rule, performance in a memory task improves when participants perform a secondary task in which they detect the presence of a memory-task-unrelated target stimulus. The phenomenon is termed the attentional boost effect. A study using a change detection task has shown that attentional boost also occurs for working memory. In three experiments using a continuous-report task, we examined which aspect of working memory could be boosted by the concurrent target detection. In all experiments, the empirical measure of working memory accuracy, angular error between the probed color and reported color, showed dual-task interference, yielding less accurate memory when concurrent target detection was required than when it was not. However, the mixture-model analysis indicated that concurrent target detection enhanced the memory precision but reduced the probability of memory retention (i.e., increased random guessing) when the single-task and dual-task conditions were separated between blocks and when participants reported the presence of the target immediately as they detected it. These results suggest that differential proactive strategies to adjust working memory resources is responsible for the trade-off between the memory precision and retention probability and that attentional boost arises from an effort to minimize dual-task interference when the need of concurrent target detection can be expected in advance. The findings provide new insights into the paradoxical improvement of memory under a dual-task setting.
More Than Numbers: The Relationship Between Belonging and Engagement in an Introductory Statistics Course
Authors: Beckowski Catherine Pressimone , Torsney Benjamin M.
Published: April 2024

This semester-long mixed-methods study examined the effect of three dimensions of student-perceived belonging (peer, faculty, and classroom) on three dimensions of student engagement (absorption, dedication, and vigor) in a music-themed introductory statistics course. Multi-level modeling (student at level 2) identified significant models for each dimension of engagement: absorption (Conditional R2 = .76, Marginal R2 = .26), dedication (Conditional R2 = .81, Marginal R2 = .28), and vigor (Conditional R2 = .79, Marginal R2 = .25), with significant associations between (a) classroom belonging and dedication, vigor, and absorption, and (b) faculty belonging and absorption. The absorption model demonstrated a significant interaction, with students’ sense of faculty belonging declining over time. Accordingly, engagement dropped over the course of the semester for each dimension. Qualitatively, students perceived the course theme, instructors, and collaboration as supportive. Implications focus on the design of the course and how the design can help students become more autonomous throughout the semester as they engage in the course.
Quantification choices for individual differences: An example of mapping self-report to psychophysiological responses
Authors: Morriss Jayne , Biagi Nicolò , Wake Shannon Jade
Published: April 2024

A popular focus in affective neuroscience research has been to map the relationships between individual differences (e.g. personality and environmental experiences) and psychophysiological responses, in order to further understand the effect of individual differences upon neurobehavioral systems that support affect and arousal. Despite this trend, there have been a lack of practical examples demonstrating how the quantification of individual differences (e.g. categorical or continuous) impacts the observed relationships between different units of analysis (e.g. self-report > psychophysiological responses). To address this gap, we conducted a two-stage aggregated meta-analysis of self-reported intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and skin conductance responses during threat extinction (k = 18, n = 1006) using different quantification choices for individual differences in self-reported intolerance of uncertainty (continuous, categorical via median split, and categorical via extremes – one standard deviation above/below). Results from the meta-analyses revealed that the different quantification techniques produced some consistent (e.g. higher IU was significantly associated with skin conductance responding during late extinction training) and inconsistent IU-related effects. Furthermore, the number of statistically significant effects and effect sizes varied based on the quantification of individual differences in IU (e.g. categorical, compared to continuous was associated with more statistically significant effects, and larger effect sizes). The current study highlights how conducting different quantification methods for individual differences may help researchers understand the individual difference construct of interest (e.g. characterisation, measurement), as well as examine the stability and reliability of individual difference-based effects and correspondence between various units of analysis.
Are there any true formal models of success- and prestige-biased social learning?
Authors: Cruz y Celis Peniche Patricio
Published: April 2024

Cultural transmission theorists have proposed there is an inherent tradeoff between social learning strategies [SLSs] that rely on direct observation of a cultural variant’s payoffs (i.e., direct bias) and those that rely on a model’s cues of success or prestige (i.e., indirect bias). While the former relies on higher-quality informational goods, a model’s success or prestige cues may be easier to access. This paper reviews mathematical models that have purported to capture indirect bias, and shows they fail to capture this tradeoff, instead making assumptions that reduce their transmission dynamics to those of a direct bias. I include a simple agent-based model to illustrate that their formal equivalence, and therefore our ability to conclude that success and prestige bias are adaptive SLSs, depends on a high correlation between success/prestige cues and a model’s payoffs. This suggests the importance of empirically ascertaining how learners evaluate a model’s fitness, and how they mitigate the risks of biasing their learning on payoff-correlates rather than payoffs themselves. Exploring the cognition underlying these decisions may shed light on maladaptive social learning.
Life-Course Transitions and Political Orientations
Authors: Keskintürk Turgut
Published: April 2024

Do life-course transitions in adulthood shape political orientations? One framework suggests that life events expose people to new information, allowing actors to assess their political beliefs in response to these social experiences. An alternative framework suggests that the link between one's life-course position and political beliefs may be ambiguous, and early experiences should be more informative for political orientations. In this article, I use 4 household surveys across 3 countries and 40 items on political beliefs and preferences to test whether life-course transitions change one's political orientations. In doing this, I employ difference-in-differences models to identify the effects of 6 life transitions across family and work domains on a wide variety of propositional survey items. I find that life-course transitions have no substantive influence on political orientations, and the general findings are not sensitive to differences in political interest or the age at which respondents go through these life events.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RANDOM FOREST METHOD FOR PREDICTING STUDENTS’ LENGTH OF STUDY
Authors: Akbar Ali , Indra Zul , Andriyani Yanti , Melia Tisha
Published: April 2024

Predicting a student's duration of study is essential for universities to ensure students complete their studies on time. This research aims to develop an effective prediction model for determining the length of study based on related factors. To overcome the complexity and diversity of student data, the Random Forest method was chosen. The results indicate that the Random Forest method is an effective tool for predicting the duration of study for university students. A study was conducted on 1,535 graduates from the five departments at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University. The study employed cross-validation techniques to measure model performance. The model's accuracy was evaluated using a confusion matrix, which revealed that the Random Forest model had an average accuracy of 95.12%. Additionally, feature importance analyses identified grade point average in the eighth semester as a major contributor to the prediction outcome.
The Accommodation of Interests between Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Stern Robert M.
Published: April 2024

Not Available.
Multilingualism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Paudel Rajendra
Published: April 2024

This paper attempts to examine the challenges and opportunities of multilingualism in Nepal, focusing on interpretive and qualitative perspectives with a particular focus on the role of language policy and planning in promoting linguistic diversity and ensuring language rights. Nepal is a linguistically diverse country with over 123 languages spoken as mother tongues. Despite this linguistic richness, Nepali society faces significant challenges in terms of language use and communication. The findings reveal that multilingualism in Nepal is a complex phenomenon that requires careful attention to linguistic diversity, cultural sensitivity, and social equity. The study offers recommendations and implications for future research on multilingualism, language policy, and planning, and contributes to the understanding of the significance of linguistic diversity in promoting social and cultural integration. It emphasizes the importance of multilingualism in Nepal and calls for more inclusive and participatory approaches to language policy and planning.
CRIMINALIZATION DILEMMAS IN THE CASE OF A LEGAL GOOD IN THE FORM OF HUMAN LIFE
Authors: Sitarz Olga
Published: April 2024

In this work, the author addresses the problem of the value of life in making criminalization decisions. There is a fairly common view that human life is the most important value. However, the statements of philosophers, lawyers, and ethicists indicate that many times for a person in a specific situation there are values more valuable than life itself, understood as biological existence. Therefore, the question arises whether and to what extent the dilemmas related to the assessment of the value of life against the background of other legal goods should be taken into account by the legislator. The author, based on the statements of specialists in the field of ethics, philosophy and theory of law, points out some of the most important theses relating to the criminalization of behavior against life. The starting point for creating new types of prohibited acts should be respect for the right to self-determination, which may be limited only in exceptional situations. And one of the recent conclusions is that acts of assisted suicide and euthanasia at the express, voluntary request of a fully informed person should not be punishable.
HOW SHOULD ELECTRIC SCOOTERS BE REGULATED? AN OVERVIEW OF HUNGARIAN LEGISLATION, WITH A POLISH OUTLOOK
Authors: Ambrus István
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the legal regulation of urban transport vehicles, especially electric scooters, but also other similar devices (e.g. Segways), which have become very popular since the 2010s, from the perspective of Hungarian traffic and criminal law. Thus, it reviews what kind of means of transport can be considered as such in the absence of separate, comprehensive regulation, and what their criminal law assessment may be if criminal offences occur. It also presents some local Hungarian examples of regulation, pointing out their often contradictory nature. The paper concludes with a brief outlook on the recent Polish legislation. In the author’s opinion, a comprehensive regulation of the issue is urgently needed.
DIFFICULTIES WITH THE EXECUTION OF THE DRIVING BAN AS A PENAL MEASURE
Authors: Żółtek Sławomir
Published: April 2024

The regulation of the Criminal Code concerning the penal measure in the form of a driving ban has been repeatedly amended in recent years. This does not change the fact that these regulations cause significant interpretive problems, both in theoretical and practical terms. The execution of the imposed ban also entails significant complications. This issue was the subject of a recent ruling by the Constitutional Tribunal in case SK 23/21, which is what the Author reflects on in this article. In particular, this paper presents an analysis conducted to determine whether the ban imposed by a court in a final and binding judgment can be extended by administrative law.
THE NATIONAL PREVENTIVE MECHANISM IN POLAND AND ITS ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DETENTION CENTRES
Authors: Dawidziuk Ewa
Published: April 2024

The article presents information on the activities of the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) in Poland with regard to detention centres. The study covers all NPM’s reports, both annual and those from regular and ad hoc visits conducted in detention centres during all years of operation of this preventive institution in Poland (2008-2022). The crisis along Poland’s border with Belarus in 2021 and 2022 led to increased involvement of the NPM in conducting preventive visits to places where foreigners can be deprived of liberty. These are places of isolation under the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The article presents a summary of the most important recommendations that the NPM made regarding these particular places of isolation, including children in detention, living conditions and the right to privacy.
SOME COMMENTS ON THE VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL LAW BY ACTS OTHER THAN THE FULL ACCOMPLISHMENT OF A CRIME
Authors: Gardocka Teresa
Published: April 2024

Acts preceding the actual perpetration of the crime are traditionally referred to preparation and attempt. The Polish Criminal Code does not explicitly determine which crimes can be attempted. The statutory description of some types of crime is formulated like an attempt (e.g. Art. 128 CrC) or like a preparation for another specific crime (e.g. Art. 200a CrC). The problem considered in this study is whether criminal preparation can take the form of an attempt to realize this phase of the crime or whether it will be punishable to attempt to commit a crime whose statutory description is formulated like an attempt.
Women’s Voices Resonating in Public Space: LASTESIS’s A Rapist in Your Path in the Streets of Toronto
Authors: Ávila Nae Hanashiro
Published: April 2024

In what ways does performance become a platform for women to raise their voices in the public sphere? How is this performance translated from a specific language and context to a different local context, articulating its demand within this new surrounding? How do diverse, diasporic female voices negotiate within this new space? This article explores these questions by analyzing the performance A Rapist in Your Path, created by the Chilean collective LASTESIS and performed by a diaspora of Latina women in Toronto in December 2019 and again during the International Women’s Day on 8 March 2020.
Exámenes de Geometría Gráfica. Volumen 1
Authors: García Baño Ricardo , Natividad Vivó Pau , Silvente Martínez María José , Salcedo Galera Macarena , Calvo López José
Published: April 2024

Colección de exámenes de la asignatura anual de Geometría Gráfica, actualmente dividida en dos asignaturas cuatrimestrales llamadas Geometría Gráfica 1 y 2. Dichas asignaturas se imparten en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Los exámenes corresponden a la disciplina de la Geometría Descriptiva dentro del área de conocimiento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. Los exámenes están divididos en: sistema diédrico, axonometría ortogonal y oblicua, perspectiva cónica y restituciones; cubiertas; terrenos; y sombras. Los exámenes se resuelven mediante procedimientos 2D y 3D empleando programas de CAD.
Financial mathematics: fundamental concepts
Authors: Lozano Gutiérrez María del Carmen , Ramón Llorens María del Camino
Published: April 2024

This manual, which is the fruit of our teaching experience, is a tool designed to serve as an aid and supplement for our students to facilitate understanding and development of the Mathematics of Financial Transactions. This work includes the basic subject matter required to successfully study Financial Mathematics. All chapters are accompanied by a sufficient number of solved exercises to enable students to get to grips with the subject matter. A total of 151. The subject matter is divided into three parts: Part one covers topics 1 to 5 and develops the main laws governing finance and their interrelationship: capitalisations, discounts, financial equivalence, etc., with 75 solved exercises. The second part covers topics 6 to 8 and deals with financial income in detail and great depth. Emphasis is placed on the study of variable income, focusing on "income by annual blocks". This calculation technique enables the student to perform any income analysis. This part contains 58 solved exercises. The third part is devoted to loans (topics 9 and 10), mainly analysing steady income loans, as well as the constitution transaction associated with the American amortization method. Regarding steady income loans, this part deals mainly with the French or progressive amortization method and the German or prepaid interest method. Part three also covers leasing transactions as an extension of the French method. This part contains 18 solved exercises. We are aware that the content of this book is basic and that there are a lot of topics from the subject that it does not cover. However, we have written it for the purpose of providing support for our bilingual students in the subject of Financial Mathematics. At the end of the manual there is an appendix which deals with the mathematical developments of the subject.