bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2310 – Suicides In Kosovo In Five Year Period 2008–2012, An Overview For Possible Social Motives
Authors: Drevinja F. , Berisha B. , Serreqi V. , Statovci S. , Haxhibeqiri S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It is distinctive for Kosovo population that before the war of 1999 Kosovo has had the lowest rate of suicides in Europe. Now, after the war the data and findings tell us for a considerate increase of number of suicides.

Objectives

Presentation of suicide cases in Kosovo in period from 2008–2012 analyzed from aspect of social reasons that has influenced an increasing number.

Aims

Identification of social factors and their possible direct/indirect impact in phenomena of suicides and as well the reflection in their prevention.

Methods

Data on cases were collected retroactively, by the Internal Affairs of Kosovo and Psychiatry Clinic. Analysis of data was done with Excel and SPSS 14.

Results

In the period 2008–2012, 270 persons were found to have committed suicide. This is an increase compared to before the war. In over 80% of cases come to the expression of social factors: unemployment level (44.9%), low income per capita, the population on average 26 years old, enormous growth of drug users and alcohol (20.000), low budget for mental health, dominance in rural settlements, debt, domestic violence, inability to buy drugs, the inability of the education of the children, war trauma/PTSD, large number of people who are missing or dead after the recent war in Kosovo (8 cases).

Conclusion

The number of suicide cases has increased. Social factors play a major role in this.
2316 – Relationship Between Kinds Of Disgust And Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: Sandín B. , Valiente R.M. , Chorot P. , Santed M.A. , Olmedo M. , Campagne D.M.
Published: July 2013

Disgust has been characterized as a basic emotion, with unique physiological, behavioral and cognitive features. Although emotions have been a main subject of psychopathology over the last decades, disgust has recently been labelled as a “forgotten emotion” in psychiatry. The extant literature suggests that disgust seems to be implicated in the etiology and maintenance of specific phobias, in particular small-animal phobias and blood-injury phobia, and the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Likewise, recent research has demonstrated significant associations between disgust and anxiety disorder symptoms. However, there is a growing awareness in clinical psychology that most psychological disorder could be related to disgust experiences. The present study examines the relationships between disgust and a broad range of psychopathological symptoms controlling for general risk factors of anxiety disorders (i.e., anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity). A large sample of undergraduates completed the Multidimensional Disgust Scale (see Sandin et al.), the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (Davison et al., 1997; Sandin et al., 2008), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (Taylor et al., 2007) and the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988, Sandín et al., 1999). Significant positive correlations were found between disgust and various psychopathological symptoms, including symptoms of anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, obsession-compulsion, depression, paranoid ideation, and other psychopathological symptoms. Hierarchic regression analyses revealed that kinds of disgust were able to differentially predict various types of psychopathological symptoms. These links were not removed when controlling for anxiety sensitivity and neuroticism. Results support the view that different forms of disgust seem relevant for various symptoms of psychopathology.
2325 – Cognitive Function, Clinical Characteristics And Aggressive Behavior Of Inpatients With Schizophrenia In Forensic Unit- Clinic Of Psychiatry In Prishtina
Authors: Ibishi N.F. , Kola V. , Musliu N.R. , Haxhibeqiri V.
Published: July 2013

Background

Schizophrenia is related with high risk of aggressive behavior and poor cognitive performance.

The aim

To study the relationship between cognitive performance, clinical characteristics and history of aggressive behavior in inpatients with schizophrenia.

Methods

In this two year follow-up study 65 inpatients with schizophrenia diagnosis according to ICD-10 criteria were evaluated using neuro-cognitive test WAIS and MMSE, clinical characteristics were based on PANSS and PCL tools and aggressive behavior was assessed based on HCR-20 and medical records. Inpatients were divided in two groups: nonrecidivism group (N-28) and recidivism group with aggressive behavior (N-37). Both groups were compared in terms of difference of means and correlation between socio demographic data, clinical symptoms and cognitive performance.

Results

37 in patients with schizophrenia or 56,9% were recidivist with aggressive behavior (≥1 incident) while 28 of them or 43,1% weren’t recidivist. We find significant difference between groups in age at first violence p < 0,023, past history of treatment p < 0,05 and social status with p < 0,018 level of significance. ANOVA test showed group difference in PANSS test (p < 0,001). Recidivism group of inpatients shows significantly poor cognitive performance in WAIS (p < 0,029) and MMSE (p < 0,025) test. Based on Pearson correlation matrix cognitive variable were significantly correlated with positive and negative clinical symptoms of schizophrenia features.

Conclusion

Poor cognitive performance was related with aggressive behavior recidivism and using the methods of behavioral-cognitive programs of rehabilitation is priority for the treatment of inpatients with schizophrenia under measure of psychiatric mandatory treatment.
2327 – Emotion Processing Across Psychiatric Disorders - a Dimensional Approach
Authors: Hägele C. , Friedel E. , Schlagenhauf F. , Sterzer P. , Beck A. , Bermpohl F. , Stoy M. , Ströhle A. , Heinz A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

A dimensional approach in psychiatry strives to identify neurobiological signatures of core (dys)functions such as responses to emotional stimuli across nosological boundaries.

Aim

We compared responses to emotional stimuli between major psychiatric disorders and investigated whether there is a psychopathological correlate irrespective of diagnostic group.

Methods

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the functional correlates of responses to unexpected pleasant and aversive emotional pictures in n=175 subjects suffering from alcohol dependence (n=29), schizophrenia (n=37), major depressive disorder (MDD; n=25), bipolar disorder (acute manic episode; n=12), panic disorder (n=12) or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=20) and in healthy controls (n=40). The level of anxiety was measured in all diagnostic groups with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and severity of depressive mood was measured with Beck's depressions inventory in all diagnostic groups with the exception of bipolar patients.

Results

Over all diagnostic groups, a significant activation of BA10 was observed during the presentation of unexpected pleasant pictures, whereas a significant activation of the left amygdala and left insula was found during the presentation of unexpected aversive pictures. We did not find significant effects of group, nor a correlation of neuronal activation with depressed mood or anxiety.

Conclusions

In spite of reported alterations in emotion processing in different psychiatric diseases, responses to emotional pictures did not differ across nosological boundaries in our study. However, a dimensional approach that targets e.g. personality traits or basic learning mechanisms and their neuropsychological correlates across traditional disease categories may be more promising.
2331 – Gender Identity Disorder In a Patient With Boderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Ramos J.S. , Ribeiro J. , Morins M. , Parente J. , Luis A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is characterized by a strong sense of identity with the opposite gender, by a persistent discomfort with the one's gender and with a feeling of inadequacy to the social role of the biological gender.

The possibility of a higher presence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in patients with GID has been a subject of research in several studies.

The diagnosis criteria of the BPD includes a global disorder in the individual identity.

Both BPD and GID are associated with a high risk of self-mutilation and suicide.

Aims

To analyze and discuss a case report, addressing subjects related to the psychopatology, differential diagnosis and prognosis and therapeutic implications.

Methods

Our discussion is focused on a case report, that led us to a non systematic review of the literature.

Results

Our case report is related to a 20 year old man with GID and BPD. This situation is lived in a great social isolation and frequent self-mutilation episodes and suicide attempts.

The clinical outcome is aggravated by a severe instability in the personal relationships, self-image, ambitions and the future projects.

We have discussed the differential diagnosis, psychopatology, prognosis and the identity disorder that the subject presents.

Conclusion

The biologic gender, age and the treatment phase are factors that influence the risk of suicide and self-mutilation in these patients. We did not found a higher probability of BPD in a patient with GID.
2335 – Art Therapy In The Treatment Of Patients With Depressive Disorder
Authors: Korostiy V. , Hmain S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Relevance of the topic is due to the difficulty of understanding the true causes of the own experiences of patients with depressive disorder, as well as providing the opportunity to work deeply with these factors as for the patient and therapist.

Aims

The role of art therapy (AT) in the treatment of patients with depressive disorder.

Objectives

40 patients - men and women aged 18 – 30 years.

Tasks: note the extent to which an objective interpretation of the content of the picture with his patient's subjective experience: comparison of results of treatment between patients who had sessions of AT and patients who didn’t have it; determine the regressing symptoms after sessions of AT.

Methods

Clinico-diagnostical method; picturesque method, Hamilton Depression scale; Hamilton anxiety scale.

Results

90% of patients have drawn interpretation of the content of their subjective experiences, 70% of patients reduced the level of anxiety, 75% of patients experienced improvement in mood between sessions, 77% of patients self-esteem has increased, 80% of patients had sustained remission, and 68% - a positive outlook for the future has appeared. Thus, this study indicates that AT is a powerful aide in treatment of depression, helps patients cope with depression, returning to their lives a sense of internal control and order, and facilitating the psychodiagnostic work of physician, allowing him to carry out the appropriate psycho-correction, which improves the quality of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with depressive disorder.
2336 – Deficit Institutionalization: Cognitive Screening Of Institutionalized Elderlies
Authors: Fernandes V. , Daniel F. , Espirito-Santo H. , da Silva A.G.
Published: July 2013

Our aim is to discuss the use of cognitive assessment tools in generational cohorts with high rates of illiteracy. The scales used to evaluate the cognitive impairment were the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Three items were added to assess the domain of language.

The sample included 224 institutionalized elderly from municipality of Miranda do Corvo - Portugal, mean age of 83.76 years (± 7.29), 179 were women (79.9%), and 93 (41.5%) had no education.

The assessment took place between December 2011 and May 2012 and showed that people had high levels of cognitive impairment. The difference was proved to be statistically significant regardless the considered age cuts of 65, 65–74 or 75. Through the MMSE, we found that 55 of the 144 respondents (38.2%) had cognitive impairment. If we add the other elderlies diagnosed with dementia, the prevalence rises to 60.3%. The evaluation conducted by MoCA showed that 140 (97.2%) of the elderly had cognitive impairment. If we add to these the remaining respondents diagnosed with dementia, this percentage rises to 98.2%.

The results were related to the sociodemographic characteristics of this generational cohort and attested the prevalence of cognitive impairment in institutions for elderly people.

Thus, we propose that institutions implement cognitive stimulation programs for the maintenance and improvement of cognitive abilities of the elderly, and we methodologically discuss the use of these scales to the measure of the cognitive impairment.
2340 – The Role Of Age And Gender In Predicting Serum Levels Of Il-6 And Tnf-α In Patients With Schizophrenia And Major Depression
Authors: Pantovic M. , Dunjic-Kostic B. , Radonjic N. , Vukovic V. , Damjanovic A. , Jasovic-Gasic M. , Petronijevic N. , Ivkovic M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Growing evidence in the field of psychoneuroimmunology indicates an interconnection between psychiatric disorders, in particular schizophrenia and mood disorders, and cytokine alternations. Gender and aging are commonly reported to affect cytokine levels, but contrasting conclusions still represent a topic for debate.

Objectives and aims

Our aim was to investigate the role of age and gender in the serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), in patients with schizophrenia (SCH) and major depression (MDD).

Method

We measured serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in acute exacerbation of illness, in 37 patients with MDD, and compared them to 43 patients with SCH. The serum levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria.

Results

The significant interaction between gender and psychiatric disorders on serum cytokine levels, and the association between IL-6 and TNF-α and age, in both groups of patients, were not detected. However, when applied the linear regression model with the serum cytokine levels as dependant variable, and age, gender, and psychiatric disorder as independent variables, the significant predictive effect of age on levels of both investigated cytokines was detected. The patients over 35 years of age had higher levels of IL-6 and even significantly lower levels of TNF-α, regardless of the diagnosis.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the aging process could be a relevant factor influencing the immune status of patients with SCH and MDD. Further prospective studies are essential to further investigate biological mechanisms that underlie these multidimensional interconnections.
2342 – Effect Of Massage Therapy On Menopausal Symptoms: a Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Taavoni S. , Darsareh F. , Haghani H.
Published: July 2013

Menopausal Symptoms may have negative effect on quality of life and could be prevent by complementary therapy.

Objectives

To determines effect of massage therapy on menopausal symptoms.

Materials and method

This Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted at menopausal clinic of one of the main referral gynecology hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran (2011–2012). Study population comprised 60 healthy volunteer Menopause women that were assigned to massage therapy and control group. Each subject in the massage therapy group received massage sessions, twice a week for 4 weeks with plane oil and no treatment was provided to subjects in the control group. The outcome measures in this study were psychological, somatic and urogenital symptoms of menopause as obtained through the Menopause Rating Scale. All outcomes were compared by using Paired- samples T Test for testing intra group change, and the Independent- samples T Test for between groups.

Results

There were no significant difference between pre and post application of psychological and somatic score in intervention groups (p < 0.001), whereas the urogenital score did not differ significantly. When the massage therapy and the control groups were compared, the participants’ psychological and somatic score after 4 weeks of intervention in the massage therapy group were found to be significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.01), while urogenital score did not differ between groups significantly.

Conclusions

This study indicated that massage therapy was effective in reducing psychological and somatic symptoms during menopause. But, has no effect on urogenital symptoms.
2345 – Comparative Study Of Methods For Credibility Analysis Of Verbal Statements In Forensic Settings
Authors: Ptacek R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Analysis of credibility verbal statements represents an important part of forensic psychological evaluations. Currently there are several main methods for evaluating the content of verbal statement to estimate credibility of the statement.

Objectives

The objective of the present study was to compare the main methods for credibility analysis of verbal statements in the Czech language. This is the first study in this area in the Czech republic.

Methods

We examined a group of non-psychiatric adult population with at least average intelligence and no cognitive impairments (n = 150) within classical credibility analysis setting - a part of the group (n = 75) exposed to a scene, the second part of the group (n = 75) was not exposed, but they were just told what happened. Further they were interviewed by independent psychologists. The methods of Statement validity assessment (SVA), Reality monitoring (RM) and Scientific content analysis (SCA) were used to detect those who experienced the situation and those who did not. The analysis of the statements was done in a double blind setting.

Results

SCA and RM methods proved 85% (p < 0.01) success while SVA analysis only 65% (p < 0.01).

Results and conclusion

This pilot study supports validity of use of RM and SCA methods for analysis of credibility of verbal statements in adult non-psych iatrical persons in the Czech language, while in agreement with previous findings the method of SVA seems not to be suitable for adult persons.
2349 – Relation Of Personality And Psychopathology Traits Of Parents /foster Care Givers And Child Development
Authors: Ptacek R. , Kuzelova H. , Celedova L. , Cevela R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Current study shows that there may be a relation between specific personality and psychopathological traits of parents or foster caregivers and children development.

Objectives

The objective of the present study was analyze whether there are any specific relations between personality or psychopathological traits of parents or foster care givers and any signs of child development.

Methods

We examined a group of children from biological families (n = 100) and a group of children from foster families (n = 100) - cognitive and socio-emotional development was evaluated. We also examined personality and psychopathology of both parents or foster.

Results and conclusion

We found statistically significant relation (p < 0.01) between slower intellectual development of children and depressive and neurotic traits of parents and foster care givers. This finding supports a hypothesis that depressive parent or care giver may substantially influence child development.
2352 – Music: Its Effects On The Body And Mind
Authors: Joshi S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Throughout the ages there has been an association between music and the various ways in which it can affect one's mood. More recently there have been scientific revelations on how music can affect the body, on a physiological level. There are correlations between physiological changes (neurotransmitters and hormones) and psychological states of being (fear, positivity). We present here some considerations on the relevance of this for mental health therapies.

Objectives

To gather and evaluate research which has already been carried out regarding the effects of music on the body and mind.

Aims

To present an in-depth discussion on the ability of music to affect our physiology and correspondingly altering the psychological state. To then highlight some areas where this information may be relevant for potential psychiatric interventions.

Methods

Knowledge will be acquired in this area through literature review and prominent books on the subject.

Results

Different types of sound vibration have been distinctly linked to certain psychological states such as focus, peacefulness, aggression, confusion etc, which have corresponding physiological changes brought about by neurotransmitters and hormones. This information coupled with an understanding of the study of psycho-neuro-immunology, indicates that music is a very powerful mover of psychology and emotions.

Conclusions

Music and sound vibration are potentially very powerful tools if understood appropriately. There is a deeply scientific basis for how music can affect the physical, psychological and emotional aspects of a person. Exposing service user to certain types of music could potentially provide an adjunct to conventional psychiatric intervention.
2357 – Menopausal Symptoms Correlated Factors In 45–60 Years Old Women, Tehran, 2011
Authors: Taavoni S. , Darsareh F.
Published: July 2013

Women through menopause experience symptoms such as psychological, which may impair the overall quality of life and could prevent by complementary therapy.

Aim

To determine effect of massage and aromatherapy massage on Postmenopausal psychological symptoms.

Material and methods

In this Randomized Clinical Trial, 90 healthy volunteer menopause women, whom attended main referral gynecology hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were involved in two Intervention and control groups (Year 2011) Aromatherapy massage received 30-min aromatherapy massage sessions with aroma oil, twice a week for four weeks, massage group, received same treatment with plane oil, and control group received no intervention. Tools have two main parts;

1)

Personal characteristics,

2)

Psychological symptoms scale, as obtained through psychological sub scale of Menopause Rating Scale, which was measured before intervention and at the end of interventions.

Results

There were significant difference between participants’ pre-application and post-application psychological score in two intervention's groups (p < 0.001), whereas the score in the control group did not differ significantly. Also there were higher significant effect in aromatherapy massage (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Results demonstrated that both aromatherapy massage and massage therapy were effective in reducing psychological symptoms during menopause, but the effect of aromatherapy massage was higher than massage therapy.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Vice Chancellor for Research), Year 2011–2012.
2359 – Voluntary Discharge Related Factors In Drug Dependent Patients In Detoxification Process In An Inpatient Unit
Authors: Grau-López L. , Roncero C. , Rodriguez-Cintas L. , Daigre C. , Bachiller D. , Barral C. , Egido A. , Abad A. , Bellido M. , Casas M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It's known that adherence to treatment is a key factor in the treatment of addictions. The presence of comorbid substance dependence disorder and other psychiatric disorder is very high. Comorbid psychiatric disorders interfere with adherence to drug treatment and detoxification.

Aims

To analyze the percentage of patients who had a voluntary discharge to Hospital Detoxification Unit and to describe sociodemographic, clinical and diagnostic test characteristics.

Material and methods

We descriptively studied drug dependents patients admitted to our Detoxification Unit from June 2008 to August 2012. Data was gathered at admission on demographic (age), clinical (main abused drug, psychiatric comorbidities, polydrug users, binge consumption previous intake) and alcoholtest and/or urinalysis. Results from patients with and without voluntary discharge were compared.

Results

The study sample included 469 patients (77.7% men, average age 38.3 ± 9). 10.7% of the patients had voluntary discharge. We found significant differences between voluntary discharge and the non-voluntary discharge group on younger people (37,6 vs 40,42,p < 0,05), on heroine as main drug of abuse (40% vs 13,4%, p < 0,0001) and psychiatric comorbidities (60,8% vs 39,2%,p = 0,02), being psychotic disorders (26% vs 13,6%,p < 0,02) and borderline personality disorder (56% vs 29,4%,p < 0,0001) the most significant. Also patients who had binge consumption previous intake (84% vs 56.6%,p < 0.0001) and patients with positive urinalysis(84% vs 58.2%,p < 0.0001) had more voluntary discharge. Patients with comorbid depressive disorders had non-voluntary discharge(6% vs 18.4%,p < 0.02).

Conclusions

Few patients had a voluntary discharge. Younger people, opiate dependence, having psychotic and borderline personality co morbidity, binge consumption previous intake and positive urinalysis might be considered as risk factors for voluntary discharge.
2363 – Effect Of Valerian On Sleep Quality In Menopausal Women: a Randomized Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Taavoni S. , Nazem Ekbatani N. , Haghani H.
Published: July 2013

Sleep problems, can lead to low quality of life in Menopausal women. There are a wide variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods for solving it. Some of Herbal Medicine, which have low side effect, may be useful for management of sleep disturbance during this time.

Aim

To evaluate effects of valerian extract on improvement of sleep quality in menopause women.

Material and methods

In this randomized, triple- blind, controlled trials 100 volunteer menopause women with age 50–60, who had insomnia and selected from 250 volunteers, had been visited in Public clinics of West of Tehran. Instrument includes demographic form and Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI). Samples randomly divided to two groups. Each group received twice a day for four weeks 530 mg of concentrated Valerian extract or 50 mg Starch as placebo in capsules.

Results

Equality of personal characteristics and sleep quality before intervention were checked and there were no differences in two groups. Valerian led to significant decrease in average of PSQI in compared to placebo (Valerian before intervention: 9.8 ± 3.6, after one month intervention: 6.02 ± 2.6) (Placebo before intervention: 11.14 ± 4.3, after one month intervention: 9.4 ± 3.9) (p = 0.000). Also 30% of valerian group and 4% of placebo group had important improvement in sleep quality, which was decreasing of 5 score of PSQI. There were significant difference between two groups (p = 0.00).

Conclusion

Findings from this study add to the scientific evidence that support use of valerian in the clinical management of insomnia especially in menopausal women.
2365 – Cocaine-induced Psychotic Symptoms Prevalence In Cocaine-dependent Patients
Authors: Roncero C. , Grau-López L. , Daigre C. , Pérez-Pazos J. , Miquel L. , Barral C. , Martínez-Luna N. , Rodriguez-Cintas L. , Ros-Cucurull E. , Casas M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms. Cocaine induced psychosis (CIP) is common but not developed in all cases. However, prevalence and clinical features are not well known. In psychiatry settings different studies have reported prevalence ranging between 29%–86.5%.There are few samples including more than 150 patients for studding this topic.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to determinate the CIP prevalence and the most prevalent psychotic symptoms.

Aims

We study presence of psychotic symptoms using a clinical interview for psychotic symptoms in a large sample of 287 cocaine-dependent patients.

We study the presence of psychotic symptoms using a clinical interview for psychotic symptoms in a large sample of cocainedependent patients. Patients suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorders were excluded. Finally we included 287 patients in the study. (80.8% men and 35.77 yo).

Methods

A structured interview were systematically conducted. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I and Axis II disorders were used in order to identify the comorbidity.

Results

Psychotic symptoms were detected in 59.9% of the sample. The most frequent symptoms reported lifetime was suspiciousness 38.6% and paranoid beliefs 27.2% Auditory hallucinations were reported by 23.6%, visual hallucinations by 13.3%, and kinesthetic hallucinations by 7.8%. Motor alterations were not evaluated.

Conclusions

Our dates confirm previous study. CIP prevalence is high. Motor alterations were not evaluated, so symptoms could be underestimated. Identifying this kind of symptoms can be useful in order to minimize risks of psychotic states for the patients or others.
2369 – Learning How To Bully? Associations Between Parental Punitive Discipline And Bullying Behavior At School In Adolescents
Authors: Zottis G.H. , Salum G.A. , Manfro G.G. , Isolan L. , Heldt E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Parenting behaviors and discipline play a critical role in children's socialization and self regulation skills.

Objectives

To investigate whether parental practices, especially punitive discipline, are associated with adolescents’ bullying behavior at school.

Methods

This is a community based sample with 247 adolescents from five public schools, between 10 and 15 years of age. Bullying was measured by a self-administered instrument Brazilian modified version of the Olweus Bully Victim Questionnaire. The Dimensions of Discipline Inventory Parental - Child Report measured parental practices. Parental practices were analyzed using two main subtypes: power assertive/punitive (psychological aggression, corporal punishment, deprivation of privileges, and penalty tasks) and inductive (explaining, rewarding and monitoring). Associations between parental practices and bullying were controlled for potential confounders such as age, sex, and whether the parental figure was biological in a logistic regression analysis.

Results

Power assertive/punitive practices by either mother or father were significantly associated with bullying behavior by their children. Mothers who most used power assertion and punishment as discipline were 4.36 (CI95%: 1.87–10.16; p < .001) times more likely of having a child who bullies others at school. Inductive discipline was not overall associated with bullying (p > .05). Examining each specific parental method within power assertive/punitive discipline scale, mild forms of corporal punishment, such spanking, and psychological aggression either by mother or father, had the more consistent associations.

Conclusion

The results underscore the potential and promising importance of advising parents about appropriate discipline strategies in order to prevent bullying perpetration at school.
2373 – Forensic Psychiatric Outpatient Consultation Service At a General Hospital Psychiatric Department Setting In Budapest. Five-year Experience: Conclusions, Further Suggestions
Authors: Kurimay T. , Pásztor P. , Sörös P. , Kiss D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Due to the unprofessional closure of the Hungarian National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology at 2007, the forensic psychiatric outpatient consultation service of the Main Detention Centre of Budapest (MDC), was officially transferred to the Psychiatric Department of Saint John Hospital. Hungary has had neither a Forensic Psychiatric Unit nor a single Security Units Department. At our psychiatric department first we started operating this type of consultation. in 2007 May. Before our consultations the clients are examined by the medical doctor of the MDC, and his/her decision to ask for psychiatric examination with specific questions.

We analysed retrospectively these cases of 5 years.

Objectives

Statistical and qualitative analysis of clients’ reports of 346. The clients were before judicial process and detained in custody or before it in the MDC.

Aims

To analyse the frequent problems and questions, the necessity of these problems, and severity of the clients symptoms.

Methods

We analysed all the files, and the objectives: referral diagnosis, diagnosis after our examination, suicide intentions, intentional aggravation, heteroagression, psychiatric history, drug use and dependency, current medication, presence of psychotic symptoms.

Results

Between 2007–2009 August there were 67 examinations, and between 2009 September and 2012 were 280 visits. The most frequent question was to evaluate the suicide risk. (three-quarter of the sample.)

Conclusion

Specialised service is needed (Forensic Unit) to evaluate more precisely the severity of suicide risk, and to exclude the intentional behaviour. External causes may influence the higher number of the cases, after 2009 August.
2394 – Burnout is a Myth
Authors: Höschl C.
Published: July 2013

The term „burnout” does not denote a psychiatric category, but a psychological label for the experience of a long-lasting exhaustion and loss of interest. Burnout is not an explicitly recognized disorder in prominent classifications of diseases. It is rather a state of emotional exhaustion and reduced sense of personal accomplishment than a syndrome or a disease. It can be assessed, e.g., by The Maslach Burnout Inventory which uses a three dimensional description of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. Some authors argue for an “exhaustion only” model that sees exhaustion as the hallmark of “burnout”. Engagement, which is characterized by energy and efficacy, may be regarded as the opposite to burnout, which is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy. On the other hand, this condition is described in the ICD-10 as “Problems related to lifemanagement difficulty” (Z73, i.e., not among mental disorders but among Factors influencing health status and contact with health services, Z00-99). As this condition is also described in DSM-IV as “adjustment disorder”, the concept of „burnout” seems to be redundant and useful only out of medicine as a journalistic label for a reaction which can be classified otherwise.
2450 – The Role of Clinical Decision Making in Mental Health Practice
Authors: Puschner B. , Slade M.
Published: July 2013

The balance of involvement between staff and service user in clinical decision making can be conceptualized as a continuum from paternalistic or passive through shared to informed or active. There is some evidence suggesting that shared decisionmaking contributes to better treatment outcomes. People with mental illness want a say in their care and it has been shown that sharing medical decisions is possible, even with people with severe and acute mental illness. However, despite shared decision making being increasingly recommended in treatment guidelines, paternalistic decision-making remains common. Especially psychiatrists seem to be skeptical and hesitant to integrate principles of shared decision making in their daily practice.

Research so far has mainly focused on how to help patients make decisions, or on how to understand the degree of involvement in decision making desired by the patient, but not on vital aspects of decision-making in routine care. This presentation will give a practice-oriented overview of research on decision making in mental health care including a discussion of the reasons for the lack of adoption of shared decision making in daily practice.
2453 – Treatment of Mental Health Problems in Migrants
Authors: Bhugra D.
Published: July 2013

Migration is the process by which individuals change their place of residence to another largely for permanent or semipermanent periods. The reasons for migration are many and include economic, social, political, medical or recreational reasons. With increasing globalisation, unprecedented numbers of people are moving across various regions and this process causes stress not only for those who move but also for those who are left behind. With movement across different cultures the cultural identity of the individual and the actual process of acculturation play a role in enabling the individual to settle down in the new environment. Preparation in the pre-migration phase, the actual experience and process of migration, existing and new social support along with acceptance by the new culture may contribute to making the process manageable and less traumatic. The reasons for migration will affect experiences related to the trauma and ensuring stress. Clinicians must be aware of assessing special needs of the migrants. Guidance for clinicians on how to manage the clinical status of migrants will be discussed.
2473 – EPA Guidance Papers and their Impact in Reducing the Burden of Mental Disorders
Authors: Gaebel W.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The European Psychiatric Association (EPA) established the project “EPA Guidance” in order to improve the quality of mental healthcare in Europe by disseminating written information based on best evidence and expert consensus.

Objectives:

To provide information on good clinical practice to national societies, health authorities and clinicians.

Aims:

The development of guidance for selected mental healthcare topics in order to improve the practice of psychiatry in Europe.

Methods:

Systematic literature searches and consensus processes.

Results:

In order to improve the quality of mental healthcare and thereby reducing the burden of mental disorders, a first series of guidance documents on the quality of services structures, prevention and treatment of suicidal crises, prevention of mental disorders in general (illness prevention and health promotion), pharmacotherapy of depression, and how to deal with conflicts of interest in research and other professional activities, was published. The series of EPA guidance formulates recommendations and proposes strategies that may help to reduce the burden of mental disorders. The burden of mental disease is sought to be reduced by evidence-based, effective mental health prevention and promotion strategies as well as by optimizing the structures and processes of mental health services by the development of recommendations in the EPA guidance on the quality of mental health services.

Conclusion:

Many important clinical situations or problems beyond treatment that until now lacked proper guidance are addressed by the EPA guidance.
2503 – Pharmacogenetics of Suicide Risk with Antidepressants
Authors: Ramoz N. , Le Strat Y. , Courtet P. , Gorwood P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The risk of suicide attempt and death by suicide during an antidepressant drug treatment for a major depression episode (MDE) remains unclear. Furthermore, this risk can be influenced by genetic factors, especially those involved in the serotonine pathway.

Objectives:

We genotyped the variants of 6 candidate genes (including 5HTT/SLC6A4, TPH2, 5HTR1A, 1B & 2A) in 4000 outpatients treated with tianeptine for a MDE to search for an association with a suicide risk and the treatment response.

Aims:

The goal of this study was to evaluate the pharmacogenetic role of the serotonin pathway in suicide risk during an antidepressant treatment.

Methods:

A total of 4000 outpatients for a MDE were treated with tianeptine. The criteria for a MDE were examined by the clinicians according to the DSM-IV diagnosis and the duration of each symptom was recorded during the inclusion and at 4 to 8 weeks of treatment. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was evaluated at the two visits. Suicide attempts, number and suicide idea of MADRS, before and during treatment, were recorded. DNA was extract from saliva sample and genotyping of 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed by Taqman assay.

Results:

All clinical and genotyping data were collected for 3771 tianeptine-treated outpatients. A total of 450 subjects have reported suicide attemps before treatment and 24 during treatment.

Conclusions:

The results of pharmacogenetic association for suicide risk during an antidepressant treatment will be presented during the workshop.
2552 – Education and Promotion of Adolescents Mental Health
Authors: Loureiro L.M.
Published: July 2013

Mental health literacy allows individuals to recognize, prevent and manage their health appropriately, being not only knowledge, but a knowledge facing action for the benefit of himself and others.

Aim:

To assess the mental health literacy of adolescents and young people in relation to depression, schizophrenia and alcohol abuse in the areas of recognition, intention of professional help-seeking and obstacles/barriers.

Methods:

It was used a random cluster sample of 4938 adolescents and young, having been used QuALiSMental (Loureiro et al., 2012) during the year 2012. The average age is 16.75 years (SD = 1.62), being respectively 43.3% males and 56.7% females.

Results:

The recognition of disorders is reduced (27.23% in depression, 26.16% in schizophrenia and 45.27% in alcohol abuse). There is intention of professional and specialized help-seeking, with focus on psychiatrists, nurses and psychologists. As the biggest barriers to help-seeking fear and personal shame, non-recovery of symptoms and breach of confidentiality are referred.

Conclusions:

The low mental health literacy is an indicator of the need for developing programs to promote health and prevent mental illness. Despite being valued the intention of help-seeking, fear of stigma and discrimination associated with these diseases is high. Nurses, psychologists and psychiatrists can play a relevant role in this regarding the role they occupy in the context of school health. Increase mental health literacy could reduce the delay between the first signs and symptoms and the professional help.

This study is part of a project [PTDC/CPE-CED/112546/2009] funded by The Portuguese Governement (FCT) and FEDER (EU).
2564 – The Evaluation of Stressful Influence of Cryotherapy on the Human Body
Authors: Panchenko L.V. , Panchenko O.A. , Onishchenko V.O.
Published: July 2013

The whole body air cryotherapy is based on short-term heat abstraction from the whole body surface of a patient by a laminar stream of dry air with a temperature about -110 -120 °C.

Research objective of this study is an estimation of stressful influence of cryotherapy on a human body. Sessions of cryotherapy were carried out into cryochamber «Zimmer Medizin Systeme» (Germany). 145 people have taken part in the research. The duration of cryotherapy sessions was 0.5 minute for the first day and then, increasing by 0,5 minutes daily, has been reached up to three minutes on the 6th and 7th day of the research. The course of cryotherapy was composed of 20 sessions. The cortisol level in the blood was defined weekly after each 5 sessions with immune-enzyme analyzer «BioTec EL 800».

Before cryotherapy sessions were carried out, the level of cortisol averaged 436 ± 26,6 n/mol/l, after the 5th session - 420 ± 21,05 n/mol/l, after the 10th session - 401 ± 21,05 n/mol/l, after the 15th session - 391 ± 21,5 n/mol/l. After the whole cryotherapy session the average level of cortisol estimated 365 ± 31,5 n/mol/l, that was lower than initial values of the quotient (p< 0,05).

In the course of cryotherapy there was a gradual decrease in level of cortisol of patients that testifies to the effect that the level of patient stress has been decreasing during the therapy, and by the 20th session the process of adaptation to low temperature influence of a human body was the result of proposed regimen.
2565 – Global Attitudes Towards Forensic Psychiatry (2006–2012)
Authors: Biglu M.H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Forensic psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry which emphases on the interface between law and psychiatry. It may include psychiatric consultation in a wide variety of legal matters, as well as clinical work with perpetrators and victims.The objective of current study is to visualize the scientific activities in the field of Forensic psychiatry through 2006–2012.

Methods:

The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) and Social Science Citation Index from the database of Web of Science were used to obtain all publication entitled as“Forensic psychiatry” through 2006–2012. Restriction of publication entitled into Forensic psychiatry cause to obtain the most relevant papers in the field of Forensic psychiatry.

Results and conclusion:

Analysis of data showed that a total number of 248 papers entitled as Forensic Psychiatry were published in the journals which indexed in Web of Science during the period of study. The most majority of publication came from North America and west Europe. USA sharing 23% of global publication in the field is the most productive country followed by Germany (19%), England (14%), and Canada (7%). More than 63% of global publication came from these four prolific countries. A total number of 271 organization have contributed their works in the field of Forensic Psychiatry, the American private University of Yale was the most productive among them.
2567 – The Development of Psychophysiological Estimation Complex for Drivers’ Professional Activities Reliability
Authors: Panchenko L.V. , Panchenko O.A. , Plokhih V.V. , Garazha M.V.
Published: July 2013

The driver's activity shows it's closely connected to great psychological and power expenses, presence of considerable number unforeseen situations, with high level of danger and risk. Therefore working out and introduction in practice of a psychophysiological estimation of professional drivers’ work reliability complex will promote to detect low reliability professional drivers, and also to prevent posttraumatic stress disorders of drivers and other traffic participants.

The aim of this work is to analyze drivers’ professional activity and to work out a complex of a psychophysiological estimation of professional drivers.

The complex of a psychophysiological estimation of professional drivers’ reliability is developed. This complex consists of following techniques: “Looking for the numbers with switching”, “Ten words”, “Tapping test”, “Technique for dynamic characteristics of the subject definitions” by

Y. Strelyau, “The technique of colour elections” by M. Lusher, S. Rozentsveig's methodology, “The technique of dominating strategy of behaviour in the conflict studying” by K. Tomas, test “State of health, activity and mood”, “The technique of defining motivation to achieve success and avoid failures” by

T. Ellers, computer tests “Visually-motor reactions” and “Speed of an estimation of installation on action formation”. Drivers, whose infringements of the indicators have been detected, are characterized by the high probability of wrong actions and unreliable professional activity.

Application of the developed complex of a psychophysiological estimation of professional drivers’ work reliability is one of the key links of mental disorder prevention for participants of traffic, occurrence of road and transport incidents, economic damages to the state and citizens.