bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Whirlpool Discourse
Authors: Ainsworth-Vaughn Nancy
Published: November 2023

In this chapter, I illustrate ideas about power and give an overview of the multiple ways in which it can be claimed by patients and physicians. I suggest that all studies of power that measure only one speech activity—including my own studies of questions and topic transitions in chapters 3 and 4—are necessarily incomplete. This does not render such studies valueless. They provide important detailed pictures of ways of claiming power and data on who claims it and how often this happens. But when such studies are seen as exhaustive, absolute indices of the power balance between physician and patient, they often wrongly suggest that patients have no power and physicians have it all. The truth is much more complex.
Capitalism and Xenophobia in Russia
Authors: Owen Thomas C
Published: November 2023

If the significance of the Russian Revolution of 1917 lies less in its closure of an era of rapid economic development, according to the Leninist teleology, than in the traditional violence and xenophobia with which workers, peasants, and the radical intelligentsia assaulted the agrarian bureaucracy, the gentry, and the essentially foreign system of corporate enterprise recently transplanted from European soil, then the question of Russian capitalism takes its rightful place as an aspect of the perennial debate over the relationship between Russia and the West. The identification of corporate capitalism with the foreigner-the Briton, Frenchman, German, Jew, Pole, or Armenian-carried special cultural importance because of the residual power of Russian xenophobia: fear and hatred of foreigners. According to this interpretation, the long tradition of anti capitalism that manifested itself in the late tsarist period, the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the late 1980s constituted a major cultural obstacle to the expansion of the market in the 1990s.
Cree-French Language Mixture
Authors: Bakker Peter
Published: November 2023

One of the conclusions reached in Chapter Five is that there are three types of mixtures of Cree and French as represented in the data: code mixing (Beatrice and Fran ois in the questionnaire), Cree with French borrowings (the speakers from Ile-a-la-Crosse), and Michif (the other speakers of mixed Cree and French). In this chapter I put the three types into a broader perspective.
The Genesis of Michif
Authors: Bakker Peter
Published: November 2023

This book deals with the origin of the mixed language Michif. Not much is known about the genesis of mixed languages, although some recent research uncovered many new facts. This is the first book that studies the birth of a new, mixed language. If the attempts to save the language do not succeed, it will effectively die out within one or two decades, as its speakers have exchanged their language for the all-encroaching English. It will not have survived two centuries.

Michif appears to be unique within the group of mixed languages, seemingly having a dichotomy of verbs from one language and nouns from another. All other mixed languages have a lexicon from one language and a grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax) from another. The intriguing question about Michif is why it is mixed in this way.
Assessing the Feasibility of Achieving Breakthrough­Learning Results
Authors: Culbert Samuel A
Published: November 2023

This chapter is aimed at deepening your understanding of the differences between the four advice-giving and receiving interactions (depicted in Figure 11.2) and what you need to know when, as an advice-giver, you find yourself interacting in one category but desire to interact successfully in a different one. In particular it further enumerates the milestone conditions that need to be covered when interacting in Category IV, attempting to achieve breakthrough-learning results.
Breakthrough Learning: Case Study and Exam
Authors: Culbert Samuel A
Published: November 2023

By reading this far you’ve taken the intensive course and you are ready to pass the exam. The exam comes in the form of a case and some questions we’d like you to answer—first when we stop in the middle to raise them and later at the end. The case concerns Geof, the president of a well-respected advertising agency, who called with a request for “project management” help after hearing about our efforts at Dewey, Cheatem, & Howe, the advertising firm mentioned in Chapter 5. The first questions are quite basic: (1) What did Geof learn? and (2) Were these the lessons he needed to learn?

On the phone Geof said, “We heard about the team-building help you gave the executives at Dewey and we need some of the same. In particular, we need help developing more flexibility in our staffing and servicing of client accounts.” In person he told us the details.
When Pebbles Move Mountains
Authors: Allen Catherine J
Published: November 2023

Before sunrise, on the Monday before Corpus Christi, many small groups of pilgrims climb toward the glacial sanctuary of Qoyllur Rit’i in the highlands of southern Peru. Delegations from many communities bring small icons of crucified Christ to “visit” Christ of Star Snow in his chapel among the powerful and sacred mountain lords. They time themselves to end this first leg of their arduous journey before sunrise; that way they can enter the sanctuary as the first rays of the sun strike the snowy peaks. There are many aspects to this complex and beautiful pilgrimage, which epitomises in many ways the contradictory social and cultural experiences of southern Peruvian peasants.1 Here, I will focus on one small but significant ritual practice—the “pebble game”, the practice of playing with miniatures.
Background Literature and Conceptual Approach
Authors: Maxson Cheryl L , Klein Malcolm W
Published: November 2023

A book of this sort normally starts with a review of relevant research literature and then moves on to any prior studies that feed directly into the new material to be reported. We have reversed their order, starting in chapter 1 with a brief history and then moving into the studies most particularly relevant to DSO IL Thus, we presented the results of DSO I and the AB 3121 studies, rather than the research background, to entice the reader into the issues to be addressed.
The Mopan Setting
Authors: Danziger Eve
Published: November 2023

Mopan is a member of the Yucatecan group of Mayan languages and is spoken by several thousand people in the Peten regions of Belize and Guatemala. Although the language is mutually intelligible with the Yucatec, Itzaj, and Lacandón languages of the Mexican peninsula, it exhibits significant phonological, lexical, and structural differences from them (Danziger 1994, 1996b; Ulrich, Ulrich, and Peck 1986; Ulrich and Ulrich 1976, 1966; Thompson 1930). The Mopan language in Belize features many Spanish lexemes, borrowed during an earlier era when that language was spoken in Guatemala (cf. Verbeeck 1998). Today, however, Belizean Mopan in general do not speak Spanish and they understand these Spanish expressions as Maaya.
Formal Findings
Authors: Danziger Eve
Published: November 2023

I am now ready to describe how data was collected for the purpose of discriminating among the three different semantic models proposed to account for the meanings of the Mopan words tataa’ and suku’ un. The data are directly relevant not only to the question of the existence of a universal domain of kinship but also and more generally to the question of linguistic relativity itself. Under the hypothesis of linguistic relativity, the predicted Piagetian outcome from Mopan children is the one that accompanies the monosemous analysis: a given Mopan child should define the two terms tataa’ and suku’ u11 at a similar relational level with respect to one another, when degree of definition similarity is measured against chance. The stage is set for asking about the degree of mastery of relational semantics revealed by Mopan children’s answers to the Piagetian definition question.
Setting Precedents: The First Presidents' Wives (1789-1829)
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd
Published: November 2023

On a May morning in 1789, President Washington's barge docked at the southern tip of Manhattan and a short, matronly woman stepped ashore. After thirty years of marriage to the tall general beside her, Martha Washington was accustomed to fitting her life to his, but the direction of that accommodation was no longer clear. His role in this new government remained undefined, falling somewhere between monarch and commoner; her part was even less clear. If George would not be king, then she could not be queen; yet the thirteen-gun salute and shouts of”Long Live Lady Washington" suggested some kind of special prominence. To deal with many problems, including some of the questions about her role, George Washington had preceded Martha to the new nation's temporary capital in New York, and when he went over to New Jersey that morning to escort his wife into the city, he supplied the answer to at least one of those questions. Rather than let Martha Washington travel in a private conveyance, he brought her over in the presidential barge. Thus the two of them, the president and Martha, arrived to fanfare, signaling the beginning of what would become an American tradition the presidential spouse had a public role in the ritual and ceremonial aspects of the presidency.
The Limited Promise of the’'New Woman"1877-1901)
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd
Published: November 2023

Although the image of the First Lady as nothing other than the nation's chief wife, head hostess, and leading fashion plate seemed firmly in place under Julia Grant, history had shown that an individual woman might, if she chose, do more in that role. Lucy Hayes (1877-1881) appeared to be just such a woman. The first college graduate to preside over the White House, she was widely heralded as introducing the era of a”New Woman." An even more intellectually inclined Lucretia Garfield followed. After James Garfield was assassinated, a widower, Chester Arthur, took over the presidency, and he was succeeded by Grover Cleveland, a bachelor. If the nation could ever be diverted from its need for a purely social creature”at the head of female society," the decade after 1877 was surely the time to try to divert it. Two thinking women and then two vacancies on the distaff side of the White House ought to have had some effect.
The Office of First Lady: A Twentieth Century Development
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd
Published: November 2023

As the twentieth century began, the sickly, self-centered Ida McKinley still sat in the White House. Before many more administrations had ended, however,. evidence would show that the job of First Lady was changing. Gradually, presidents' wives began to hire separate staffs of their own, take more public roles in policy and personnel decisions, and lead important reform movements. Although still unpaid, the job was quasi-institutionalized. Edith Wilson (1915-1921), Woodrow's second wife, received most of the publicity associated with this shift and heard herself criticized for exercising”petticoat government," but she should be seen as part of a trend rather than an anomaly. Each First Lady between 1901 and 1921, even the most insecure, left her mark. Together, they guaranteed that their successors would never find an easy retreat from a public role.
New Dimensions to the Job of First Lady (1974-1993)
Authors: Caroli Betty Boyd
Published: November 2023

As though to accelerate the trend begun in the 1960s towards strong, more activist First Ladies, a quartette of particularly determined, energetic women passed through the White House in the 1970s and 1980s. What had once been a daring exception, much commented on in the press, became commonplace. Elizabeth ("Betty") Bloomer Warren Ford, in the job less than a full term (August 1974 to January 1977), spoke with such candor about subjects that had formerly been taboo that she introduced an entirely new style; and her support of women’s rights made headlines. Rosalynn Smith Carter (1977-1981) continued Betty Ford’s example of using First Ladyhood as a platform for women’s is sues; but she added a new component by going off on international missions, which the White House billed as”substantive," and then testifying in front of a congressional committee on a mental health program. Nancy Davis Reagan began her Washington tenure in 1981 by insisting that she had little say in presidential decisions. But by July 1985, when Ronald Reagan underwent surgery for cancer, she displaced the vice president from the front pages of the country’s newspapers and announced herself at a White House reception as”the President’s stand in."1 Barbara Pierce Bush (1989-1993) chose to stay in the background on matters of public policy, but she was widely believed to hold strong views of her own on abortion and gun control. Unlike Edith Wilson, who had faced charges of”petticoat government" and”rule by regency," these four encountered only the mildest criticism.
War, Autocracy, and the Constitution
Authors: Smith Jeffery A
Published: November 2023

Nothing was more central to the Enlightenment reasoning that produced the United States Constitution than an aversion to the unwanted effects of human aggressiveness. Zeal and ambition, said the Federalist papers, rendered people “much more disposed to vex and oppress each other, than to co-operate for their common good.” In the eighteenth century, self-interested, hostile actions were regarded as having led not only to disreputable party politics and destructive wars but also to the downfall of past republics. The United States Constitution was an attempt to construct a means of securing all of the ends listed in its preamble: a more perfect union, justice, domestic tranquillity, the common defense, the general welfare, and the blessings of liberty. The French physiocrats, Adam Smith, and the Jeffersonian Republicans advanced credible and often-admired ideas for achieving peaceful, harmonious human relations within and among societies through the political economy. Thomas Paine was thus one of a number of writers who suggested that world commerce could be “a pacific system, operating to unite mankind by rendering nations, as well as individuals, useful to each other.” Yet various Enlightenment proposals for preventing wars-plans that involved dispute resolution by international representative bodies-were either ignored or ridiculed as utopian. Although he formulated his own concept of a universal federation to avert war, Immanuel Kant admitted that “such proposals have always been ridiculed by great statesmen, and even more by heads of state, as pedantic, childish and academic ideas.”
The Bureaucratization of Wartime Censorship
Authors: Smith Jeffery A
Published: November 2023

Approximately no million people were killed in about 250 wars during the twentieth century. Few civilians were killed in nineteenth-century combat, but they were roughly half of war-related casualties from 1900 to 1950 and three fourths of casualties by the 198os. As the nations of the world completed the conversion of armed conflict into an industrial operation with mass civilian involvement, governments abandoned haphazard wartime suppression for more bureaucratic approaches. In World Wars I and II, the totalitarian regimes of Germany and Russia operated in predictably heavy-handed ways to control the press, but even the more democratically minded nations of Europe developed elaborate systems of censorship. In commenting on the “power instinct” behind fanatical, unjustifiable secrecy, Max Weber observed, “Bureaucratic administration always tends to exclude the public, to hide its knowledge and action from criticism as well as it can.” The secrecy bureaucracies that developed in the twentieth century not only seemed to provide self-protection and a sense of superiority for the insiders, but also tended to expand the categories of what could be deemed relevant to national security and of who should be considered the enemy.
Introduction: Hard Questions, Easy Answers
Authors: Seidman Louis Michael , Tushnet Mark V
Published: November 2023

Constitutional rhetoric is the language of American politics. Politicians regularly invoke the Constitution to support arguments on all sides of virtually every public question. Throughout our history, they have reflexively transformed policy controversies into constitutional problems. Earlier generations saw disputes about alcohol consumption, wage and hour legislation, federal taxation, and state regulation of private markets as implicating our foundational document. Today there are concerted efforts to constitutionalize issues as diverse as federal fiscal policy, family law, school discipline, the practice of medicine, and even the most insignificant aspects of police-citizen interaction.
Speed and Preparation
Authors: McNeilly Mark
Published: November 2023

In business, as in war, speed is essential. The very nature of business competition is change, and its pace continues to accelerate; to be slow is to become extinct. To survive and prosper in the dynamic and chaotic world that is today and tomorrow’s business environment, a company must move with rapid relentlessness. And to execute Sun Tzu’s principles successfully, your company must be able to seize the opportunities it has created.
Character-Based Leadership
Authors: McNeilly Mark
Published: November 2023

Truly, leaders of this caliber are unique and hard to find. As the passage suggests, they are desirable because of their willingness to put the needs of others before their own; they have strong, well-developed characters. To become such a leader, to put others before yourself, is not an easy task. It demands sacrifice. You must be willing to:

• Build your character, not just your image

• Lead with actions, not just words.

• Share employee’s trials, not just their triumphs.

• Motivate emotionally, not just materially.

• Assign clearly defined missions to all, avoiding mission overlap and confusion.

• Make your strategy drive your organization, not the reverse.
Conclusion: A Lexicon for the New Organizational Era
Authors: Arthur Michael B , Rousseau Denise M
Published: November 2023

This book has dealt with change-in “the new organizational era.” Change has been examined through a new conceptualization of careers-boundary less careers-which replaces more circumscribed conceptualizations that have come before. The chapters in this book have extended our exploration of change along the new pathways that boundary less careers suggest. These pathways have led to new perspectives on the world of work, and new viewpoints on what we once took to be familiar. In response, this chapter offers a brief guide to the new pathways: We offer a lexicon, of meanings old and new, delineating the phenomena brought into view. Our lexicon is directed at both those who study and those directly engaged in boundaryless career activity.1
The Good Community and the Good Organization
Authors: Hartman Edwin
Published: November 2023

I have suggested that, instead of trying to determine what the foundational principles of morality are and what communal or organizational arrangements best encourage people to act according to them, we try to say something about what a good community looks like and what it requires of those who live there. This chapter is about some of the characteristics of a good community and, in particular, a good organization. Intended to be compatible with a Rawlsian approach, it focuses largely on structures and procedures. It is in part a review of major points I have made. Life in a community develops one’s sense of what is desirable and valuable and of what constitutes a good life. Hence, standard moral theories do not readily provide a neutral or very useful means of adjudication among different communities. The question therefore arises, On what basis can one evaluate a community’s standards? For surely a community or an organization may itself be morally good or bad. The claim that each community has its own moral principles, or at least its own versions of them, applies in a less radical way to organizations as well. I argued in Chapter 6 that corporate culture may impose a certain conception of the good life and may pressure employees to have desires that fit with the local definition of success, which may view, for example, the pleasure of normal family life as a consolation prize for wimps and losers.
Generating Ideas with Impact: 3M, HP, and Other “Idea Machines”
Authors: Yeung Arthur K , Ulrich David O , Nason Stephen W , Glinow Mary Ann Von
Published: November 2023

In the industrial society of the mid-twentieth century, corporations competed through the efficient use of physical assets. Coming up with innovative products certainly mattered to many businesses of the 1950s and 1960s, but efficiency was the key criterion for success. But in the current postindustrial or knowledge society, corporations compete with their intellectual assets, and new ideas form the basis of today’s competition. Corporations that fail to generate new ideas rapidly enough to meet customers’ demands, that don’t keep abreast of deep and radical technological changes, or that are unable to respond to all kinds of challenges posed by traditional and unconventional competitors will die. It’s that urgent and that final. Consider what some top executives say about the new business game.
Numerals
Authors: Heine Bernd
Published: November 2023

Numeral systems have received a remarkable amount of scholarly attention, and many generalizations have been proposed by linguists, mathematicians, and other students of the subject. My goal in the following paragraphs is a modest one: to draw attention to some crosslinguistic regularities in the structure of numerals and to account for these regularities. In doing this, my main interest is not with description but with explanation.

Of central importance in the present, as well as in subsequent, discussions is the human body, for various reasons: First, because it represents a well-studied semantic domain for which a wider range of research findings is available; second, because it is a conceptually rich domain that is used as a source for structuring numerous other domains; and third, because the human body also serves as a conceptual template for the development of grammatical categories.
Introduction
Authors: Fletcher George P
Published: November 2023

Sometimes a simple formula can reduce an entire discipline of thought to its essential concern. Robert Natick wrote that philosophy began in puzzlement.1 By analogy to this insight, what would we say about economics, religion, and law? In what human sentiment do they get their traction? Economists claim that their discipline begins in scarcity . Abraham Joshua Herschel argued that religion begins in awe.3 Others might say that it be- gins in gratitude.
Language
Authors: Fletcher George P
Published: November 2023

Lawyers have no tools but words. Whatever we say about criminal responsibility, we have no choice but to express it in language, and the particular vocabularies and structures of diverse languages both facilitate and limit our communication. Every language develops its own vocabulary in an effort to capture the depths of guilt and punishment. There are some terms, such as “intention” and “causation,” that are readily translated across languages, but others are unique to particular linguistic cultures. Not everyone understands what Americans mean by “fairness” and “due process,” and Americans do not understand what Germans mean by Zumutbarkeit1 or what the Talmud means by rodef.
Unenumerated Rights
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E
Published: November 2023

The Rehnquist Court, as seen in the previous chapter, has raised serious doubts about the continued viability of the double standard under which issues of economic governmental power and the scope of economic freedoms, including those mentioned nowhere in the Constitution’s text, have been left largely to the political process since 1937. In this chapter, we turn to the status of unenumerated noneconomic rights on the Court.
The Religion Clauses
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E
Published: November 2023

The Rehnquist Court has decided a large number of controversial cases dealing with the scope and limits of the First Amendment’s ban on federal laws “respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;’ commands long made binding on the states through judicial interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.
Introduction
Authors: Miceli Thomas J
Published: November 2023

The application of economic analysis to the law is based on the proposition that economic efficiency is useful for examining legal rules and institutions. Although this is not an uncontroversial proposition, the continuing vitality of the field of law and economics suggests that it has at least some validity, as I hope this book exemplifies.

When we say that economic efficiency is ‘‘useful’’ for examining the law, we can mean one of two things. First, we can mean that efficiency is useful in explaining the actual structure of the law. This type of argument, which is a form of positive analysis, suggests that the law tends to evolve in the direction of greater efficiency, not necessarily as a result of the conscious choices of judges or other participants in the legal process, but by the accumulation of the decisions of rational agents acting in their own self-interest. Thus, positive claims about the tendency of the law toward efficiency closely resemble Invisible Hand-type arguments regarding the efficiency of markets.
Punishment, Communication, and Community
Authors: Duff R A
Published: November 2023

In chapter 2 i discussed the nature of a liberal political community as structured by the defining values of autonomy, freedom, privacy, and pluralism; the role of the criminal law in such a polity as defining or creating a range of ‘public’ wrongs that concern the whole community; and the role of the criminal trial as a process through which members of the community are called to answer for their alleged commissions of such wrongs, and to be publicly censured if those allegations are proved. Such a criminal process treats those subjected to it as members of the political community. They are called to answer for their alleged wrongdoings by a law that claims to be their law—to bind them as members of the community; and the process respects their autonomy, freedom, and privacy.
The U.S. Corporation and Technical Progress
Authors: Mowery David C , Nelson Richard R
Published: November 2023

In his magisterial Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (Schumpeter 1950), first published over fifty years ago, Joseph Schumpeter argued that contemporary neoclassical economic models of capitalism and competition overlooked the key characteristics of these phenomena. Capitalism and competition essentially were about technical innovation and economic growth, rather than the achievement of static “economic efficiency.” Large firms with considerable market power were, in Schumpeter’s view, the major sources of technical innovation. One of the concomitants of the dynamic power of modern capitalism was that the system always seemed to be operating somewhat inefficiently in the static sense, at least in comparison with the economists’ theoretical norm of perfect competition. But according to Schumpeter, the dynamic gains to society from the economic growth generated by this system vastly outweighed such theoretical and imaginary static inefficiencies.
Performing Interpretation: A Legacy of Civil Rights Lawyering in Brown v. Board of Education
Authors: Davis Peggy Cooper
Published: November 2023

On August 22, 1861, James McCune Smith, an African American abolitionist, wrote a letter to Gerrit Smith, a European American abolitionist. Gerrit Smith had published an arguably conciliatory appeal to the New York State Democratic Committee, urging that it express solidarity with President Lincoln against the Confederacy. James McCune Smith chided his colleague in antislavery struggle for giving attention to a “dead Democratic Committee” and neglecting to insist upon immediate emancipation as the only moral means of restoring the Union. For James McCune Smith, the moral and political error of Gerrit Smith’s course was apparent from the terms of his argument to the Democratic Committee. In what may be the earliest recorded example of a critical race theory analysis of American political discourse, the African American Smith wrote: “A single sentence . . . shows that you fail to see ‘the Situation.’ You say ‘for whilst the other President (Davis) is cheered and strengthened by the entire devotion . . . to his cause of all around him.’ &c. &c. Is this true? Is it not virtually ignoring one half of those around Jeff Davis (I mean the Slaves)?” Gerrit Smith was able to imagine Jefferson Davis cheered and strengthened by the entire devotion of all around him, I think, because when he imagined the Confederate community—when he imagined the political and social entity that the South had become-he instinctively imagined a white community.
Brown in Context
Authors: Friedman Lawrence m.
Published: November 2023

For those of us above a certain age, it is startling to realize that Brown v. Board of Education1 has celebrated its fortieth anniversary. The subject of this great case, as everybody knows, was race segregation in the schools; and, as everybody knows, the Court declared this practice unconstitutional. Brown was only the first in a long line of important civil rights cases, which ended up outlawing every aspect of the southern system of apartheid—and attacking much of the more subtle northern system as well. It says something, perhaps, about this momentous decision that it is hard for most people to imagine what the world was like before Brown. Is there any Supreme Court case, in this century, that has sunk down deeper roots? I can’t imagine anybody trying to overrule Marbury v. Madison, and the school segregation case is not very far behind.
Social Engineers or Corporate Tools?: Brown v. Board of Education and the Conscience of the Black Corporate Bar
Authors: Wilkins David B
Published: November 2023

If Thurgood Marshall were alive today, he would tell us that 1995 and not 1994, the fortieth anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education, was the most important anniversary associated with the civil rights movement. That year marked the centennial of the birth of Marshall’s former dean and mentor Charles Hamilton Houston. As Marshall frequently acknowledged, Houston was the architect of the legal strategy that produced Brown. More important, Houston created the educational and organizational strategy that produced Marshall and the other black lawyers whose hard work, skill, and determination resulted in the landmark victory we celebrate today.
Self And Indexicals: Language And Locus Of Control
Authors: Wilce James M
Published: November 2023

Western common-sense links between first-person pronoun use and egocentricity, I have argued, need deconstructing. The “I” of discourse is not unifunctional. Still, what people think about language forms like pronouns cannot be ignored, since linguistic ideologies shape not only worldviews but also the evolution of discourse practice and linguistic structure (Silverstein 1979, 1985). In the United States today, neither parents, teachers, nor assertiveness trainers typically consider themselves ideologues. But, in order to introduce (for American readers at least) the theme of how linguistic indexing of “locus of control” is significant for comparative cultural analysis, I am asserting here that the American embrace of “I-language” is strongly ideological. An explicitly promulgated linguistic ideology trains American children, when they feel hurt, to “use their words” (not their fists), while assertiveness courses teach adults to “own their feelings” by using!language, which the courses model in utterances such as “I feel hurt/angry/etc. when you do that.” Such assertiveness training has recently spread to American elementary schools, in classes on conflict resolution for children being initiated as peer mediators. This movement encouraging I-language and the owning of one’s feelings reflects an ideology of self as locus of control over “privately owned” words and affect. A different kind of person is constituted in Bangla ways of speaking or verbal culture-including the Bangla preference for experiencer-subject constructions in troubles talk, described previously-and dominant Bangla linguistic ideologies.
Legitimacy, Illegitimacy, And Madness In Bangladesh
Authors: Wilce James M
Published: November 2023

Matlab people have a proverbial saying they use when someone speaks in a loud, uncontrolled manner: pagal-c ki na kay (What won’t the mad say!). The proverb does not specify just what it is that the mad do say; it does not provide the benchmarks of eccentricity. Egocentricity in speech is surely one of those. The notion of pagalami in Bangladesh (glossed as “madness” and thoroughly described [in its West Bengal form] by Bhattacharyya 1986) occupies an important place in local discourses about selfhood.
The Politics of Sincerity
Authors: Truesdell Matthew
Published: November 2023

At a bit before ten on a brisk October morning in Paris in 1865, a dark unmarked coach drawn by two horses clattered up to the entrance of the Hopital Beaujon in the Faubourg Saint-Honoré in Paris. A handsome woman in her late thirties, elegantly but soberly attired in a black silk dress and grey bonnet, stepped out of the coach and was respectfully greeted by a small group of doctors and nurses. At the woman’s request, the doctors escorted her to the wards reserved for the victims of the cholera epidemic then ravaging Paris. There, the woman approached each of the beds and said a few words to each patient. By the end of the day, she had visited the cholera wards of two more hospitals, and for the next week, all Paris talked of little else. The woman was the Empress Eugénie, and in making these dangerous visits, she had found a particularly powerful means of conveying an image of a caring and solicitous regime.
Introduction
Authors: Ahlbrandt Roger S , Fruehan Richard J , Giarratani Frank
Published: November 2023

In crisis there is sometimes opportunity, and so it has been for steelmakers in the United States. What was perceived by many as the collapse of this industry in the face of an onslaught by foreign competitors is now well recognized as the industry’s rebirth. In this remarkable turnaround important elements of industrial competitiveness are exposed. They are known to some who have taken part in the renewal and to others as observers of the process, but more often the lessons involved have been buried by political rhetoric or by mounting social costs in dying steel towns.
Market Focus and Strategic Success
Authors: Ahlbrandt Roger S , Fruehan Richard J , Giarratani Frank
Published: November 2023

In the competitive struggle that we have described, some firms stand out from the rest as examples of achievement. Among the traditional integrated producers, the industry leader, United States Steel Group (USS), a division of USX Corporation, exemplifies successful restructuring. It eliminated inefficient mills or whole plants, got rid of unprofitable businesses, cut out layers of unneeded management, invested strategically in new technologies, and found the resources to carry out these needed investments. By the early to mid-1990s, this firm and a few other industry giants had been recast. Their gains were achieved at a tremendous cost to both workers and communities. But while the decisions involved were difficult and costly, they were necessary to the survival of the companies. Most were operating at less than 50 percent of capacity in the early 1980s, posting huge losses, and were not equipped to compete against imports or expanding minimills on either a cost or quality basis for many product lines. USS made the transition from this sorry state to an efficient producer of quality steel, and it made the transition especially well.
The Study of Rhythm: Retemporalizing the Detemporalized Object of Linguistic Research
Authors: Auer Peter , Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth , Müller Frank
Published: November 2023

Rhythm is one of the most pervasive aspects of the human condition; it is in the world around us and in the world within us, in our bodies and our minds, our living and our thinking. This book argues that human language, quite predictably, is deeply rhythmic as well. In addition, we try to show that the rhythm of verbal inter action is synchronized between co-participants and, at the same time, achieved by co-participants.
A Summary and Some Conclusions
Authors: Auer Peter , Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth , Müller Frank
Published: November 2023

In contrast to the dominant tradition within linguistics, which decontextualizes and at the same time detemporalizes language into ‘langue’ or ‘competence’, we have advocated a thoroughly pragmatic, contextual and dynamic approach to language in this book, in which structure and usage are not separate but are seen as complementing each other. We have argued that the retemporalization of language requires a break with a number of metalinguistic presuppositionsin Western thinking about language-lay and professional-particularly a break with its referential representational bias.
Resulting Patterns and Consequences
Authors: Earley P Christopher
Published: November 2023

Throughout the remainder of this book, I will attempt to integrate through a series of examples and applications the face and behavior framework that I propose. All of the pieces that I have discussed-face, social actor, harmony, societal context, and organizational context and structure-are interdependent, and a full understanding of the model I propose requires a multilevel analysis of these constructs. Al though I have attempted to provide an integration of these constructs as I presented them, there is an obvious utility in applying them in several specific contexts in order to better illustrate the functioning of the model.
Semantic Solutions to the Problem P
Authors: O’Dowd Elizabeth M
Published: November 2023

continuum, it may allow us to view prepositional meanings on a sort of grammaticization scale, where nonpredicative case markers are most grammaticized and fully predicative prepositions are least grammaticized. In fact, such a scale would reflect the principles of current grammaticization theory, which show a universal historical tendency for prepositions to evolve toward greater grammaticization. Although Jolly herself does not propose this line of inquiry, it will be followed in chapter 9.
The Historical Picture: P and Specialization
Authors: O’Dowd Elizabeth M
Published: November 2023

Chapter 8 mapped out a grammatical framework showing how P’s many constructional meanings could be contained and its syntactic idiosyncracies explained, by its interactions with other constituents at different syntactic levels. The unifying principle for these interactions was that particles always situate and prepositions always link. But one significant question remains from chapter 1: Why are all prepositions not P-forms? We have seen that pure prepositions such as of share the case-marking function with P-prepositions, and that pure particles (or directional adverbs) such as away share the focal predicator function with P-particles. But neither of these pure types of element ever shares the adprep function with P: of never sublexicalizes a landmark, and away never lexicalizes a landmark.
Information Behavior and Culture
Authors: Davenport Thomas H , Prusak Laurence
Published: November 2023

Changing how people use information—and ultimately building a supportive information culture—is the crux of information ecology. Yet in many areas of business, managers at every level have discovered, to their chagrin, that the behavioral and cultural dimension of change is often the most difficult to accomplish. Whether firms are trying to improve quality, redesign processes, or increase customer satisfaction, they find that “the soft stuff is the hard stuff.” And designing new work processes, organizational structures, or business strategies can seem like child’s play compared with changing day-to-day attitudes and behaviors.
The Ethnographic Setting
Authors: Keating Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

Pohnpei is one of the widely scattered Caroline Islands, small and limited points in a seemingly unlimited ocean and sky. The island is roughly sixteen kilometers wide and circular in shape. It is just above the equator, north of New Guinea and east of the Philippines (7 degrees north latitude, 158 degrees east longitude). On this island, whose name is literally translated as “upon a stone altar,” live approximately 30,000 Pohnpeians and a smaller fraction of settlers from outlying atolls to the east and south. Thick jungle growth covers the now inactive volcano that once rose straight from the ocean floor. Almost all the shore of the island is protected from eroding ocean waves by a dense mangrove swamp and an outer coral reef. Rainfall can be as high as 400 inches per year in the interior and is commonly around 200 inches in other areas. Temperatures range between 80 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit with very high humidity.
Honorific Possession: Grammatical Relations of Control and Permanence
Authors: Keating Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapter I described status marking of paths and locations in space through verbs of movement. In this chapter I discuss honorific possessive constructions, which signify status marked relations of ownership as well as relations of proximity. I incorporate linguistic and interactional data with ethnographic data about Pohnpeian society and cultural beliefs, particularly notions about the meaning and construction of ranked social relationships. Pohnpeian possessive constructions not only constitute cultural categories of rank and power relations but dynamically resort or reclassify these categories through honorific speech. In this chapter I show how Pohnpeian possessive classifiers provide data for understanding the importance of certain domains of power transfer and power sharing, and the importance of rank to cognitive organization schemes in Pohnpei.
Exercising Due Diligence
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane
Published: November 2023

According to Mark Sirower of the New York University, all effective acquisitions begin with a strategic vision. He argues that management’s vision of an acquisition should be clear to the firm’s many constituent groups and adaptable to many potentially unknown circumstances. Further, he suggests that a strategic vision is one of the cornerstones of a firm’s ability to achieve synergy from an acquisition.1 Warren Helman, former CEO of Lehman Brothers, suggests that because so many mergers and acquisitions fail, we should presume failure with each one. He argues that decision-makers in the acquiring firm should have the bur­ den of proof to show that they can provide positive outcomes.2 There are multiple reasons for acquisition failure, including the lack of appropriate due diligence.
Looking for Complementary Resources
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane
Published: November 2023

Finalized in February 1999, the $4 billion merger between Oryx Energy Co. and Kerr-McGee Corp. is an example of a transaction that company executives believe will allow the sharing of complementary resources. As the world’s fourth-largest independent oil and gas exploration and Production Company, the merged firm (with Kerr-McGee Corporation as its new name) is thought to have the potential needed to increase share­ holder value. At the time of the merger’s announcement, Luke R. Corbett, the chairman and CEO of Kerr-McGee, suggested the expectation of enhanced performance. In Corbett’s view, “This strategic merger creates value for both Kerr-McGee and Oryx shareholders.
Avoiding the Hazards of Diversification
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane
Published: November 2023

In June 1999, AlliedSignal Inc. agreed to acquire Honeywell Inc. in an exchange of stock valued at slightly less than $15 billion. AlliedSignal’s CEO, Lawrence A. Bossidy, described the acquisition in this way: “AlliedSignal’s tie-up with Honeywell gives us diversity. It gives us reach.” Furthermore, he stated that the acquisition would integrate AlliedSignal’s “insatiable appetite for efficiency with the technological progress of Honeywell.” Both firms are considered industrial conglomerates, but each had a business or businesses in the aerospace sector. While their aero­ space businesses focused on different market segments, they also have the potential to complement one another. The combined firm is generating approximately 40 percent of its revenues from the integrated aerospace businesses.
Deciding If Innovation Can Be Acquired Successfully
Authors: Hitt Michael A , Harrison Jeffrey S , Ireland R Duane
Published: November 2023

Founded as the Newell Manufacturing Company, but known now as Newell Rubbermaid, Inc., this firm manufactures and markets multiple lines of high-volume staple consumer products. Employing over 32,000 globally, the company’s products are sold through a variety of retail and wholesale distribution channels.
Hypoglycemia
Authors: Cryer Philip E
Published: November 2023

This is a comprehensive treatment of hypoglycemia written by a leading investigator in the field who is also an active clinician. It applies up-to-date concepts of the physiology of glucose counterregulation-the mechanisms that normally prevent or rapidly correct hypoglycemia and thus defend the brain from its devestating effects-and of the pathophysiology of those mechanisms which were largely unknown when previous books on the topic were published, to the diagnosis and treatment of the clinical problem. While its early chapters provide a detailed scientific background, its clinical chapters (on hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus, the hypoglycemic disorders and the approach to the patient with hypoglycemia) provide much practical guidance for physicians.
Two Ideological Stances in Taking Guilty Pleas
Authors: Philips Susan U
Published: November 2023

In chapter 3 I showed how the judges index elements of the written procedural rule, Rule 17, that governs Arizona guilty pleas, and in so doing adhere to the written law. The guilty plea procedure can be thought of as a sequence of topics, discrete discourse units, each of which indexes a different aspect of Rule 17. At the same time, written case law from Arizona appellate courts that interprets Rule 17 influenced the way the judges with whom I worked hear guilty pleas. Case law interpreting Rule 17 only requires the judges to make sure during the guilty plea that there is evidence in the written record of the defendant’s case that the plea is knowing and voluntary. Rule 17 itself, on the other hand, states that knowingness and voluntariness must be established through interaction with defendants themselves. As I also explained in Chapter 3, all the judges create a string of topics that index different parts of Rule 17. All do more than case law requires of them and less than Rule 17 asks of them. In their spoken procedures, then, the judges reflect the influence of more than one genre of written law but no slavish adherence to either of the genres on which I focus, so we begin to get a sense of the interpretive agency of the judges as social actors.
Organizations from a Critical Theory Perspective
Authors: Pfeffer Jeffrey
Published: November 2023

Much, although not all, of the literature on organizations seeks to address managerial problems-how to enhance organizational performance, how to exercise more effective control over behavior in the work place, how to create and manage organizational cultures, how to identify and develop leaders, and so forth.
Nonuniformity
Authors: Fernald Theodore B
Published: November 2023

In this chapter we will investigate the ILP/SLP effects seen with syntactically complex predicates. We will find that the effects seen in a matrix clause sometimes depend on the sort of predicate that appears in an embedded clause. We will also see the perceptual report diagnostic diverge from the others.