bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Based on the Force Characteristic Curve to Analysis Power Steering Gear Performance
Authors: Jia Guo Zhong , Jia Zhen Hua , Wu Xin Ping
Published: July 2012

Force characteristic curve is the most important item in the power steering gear performance measurement. Problems such as unsmooth force characteristic curve, output under the design requirements, bad symmetric degree, and etc. occur commonly in this measurement. The analysis of the Force Characteristic Curve shows that the unsmooth of the force characteristic curve is resulted from the abrupt changing of torque, and that the bad symmetric degree of the curve is resulted commonly from the non-uniformity of the slot opening of the input shaft and the valve sleeve and errors of the pin of the adjusting valve
Research on Integrated and Portable Weigh-in-Motion Scale
Authors: Hao Liang
Published: July 2012

The integrated dynamic weighing scale with a high accuracy was developed based on analyzing the loads when vehicles passed on the weighing scale. The ANSYS software was applied to determine the sensor’s foil strain gauge position and the dynamic characteristic was verified through the experiment; meanwhile the hardware and measuring software in the system were simply introduced in this article. Finally through the experiments the Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) system can be used in traffic data collection and is assistant tool for overload check.
Comparatively Analysis of Domestic and International Development of Defects’ Safety Assessment for Pressure Vessels
Authors: Han Yi , Dan Yong , Han Xiao Ming
Published: July 2012

In this paper, the methods of the safety evaluation for pressure vessels containing defects based on “Fitness for Service(FFS)” principle were reviewed. The latest criteria for assessment in both domestic and international fields are introduced. The paper proposes the features and creative ideas of these standards by comparing their advantages and disadvantages. Then, some new methods including the fuzzy theory, probabilistic fracture mechanics, Risk Based Inspection (RBI), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and expert system are put forward in current engineering evaluation. At last, the trend of future research in the pressure vessel with defects’ safety assessment is prospected
Scenario Selection and Analysis of Armored Vehicle Refrigeration System Using Engine Wasted Heat
Authors: Zhou Shi Hai , Xing Jun Wen , He Jia Wu
Published: July 2012

Aiming to execrable heat condition of the armored vehicles and serious waste of the engine wasted heat, it researched refrigeration system scenario using wasted heat. According to the armored vehicles’ overall demands and advantages and disadvantages of each kind of refrigeration technique using wasted heat, it selected absorption refrigeration technique using LiBr as the basic cooling manner, and it designed the method to introduce the wasted heat in the exhaust gas. On the base of theoretic estimating of wasted heat energy and endurable temperature of the person and devices in the vehicle, it designed several primary technique indexes. According inner overall setup and the engine features, it designed and analyzed one prototype of the absorption refrigeration system.
On the HIL Simulation via LOS Angle for MMW Guidance
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Peng
Published: July 2012

A hardware-in-loop simulation system via line of sight angle for MMW guidance and relative simulation method are presented. The simulation system is made up of a small quantity of hardware and is proved to be feasible by analyzing its system error theoretically. The effectiveness of the simulation system and method presented are tested by several experiments and the experiment results are proved to be authentic.
Experimental Study on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Porous Surface Tube
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Ke Long , Tao Hai Kun , Lv Wei Jian
Published: July 2012

The pooling boiling plays an important role in the operation of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger (PRHR HX). At present, smooth tubes are still widely used as boiling element in the PRHR HX; there is great extension to improve the security and miniaturize the size of PRHR HX if the smooth tubes were replaced by porous surface tubes. In this paper, the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of porous surface tube was researched experimentally. The result shows that the porous surface tube can enhance the pooling boiling significantly: Compared with the smooth tube, the porous surface tube can greatly reduced the time before the water reached saturation; the wall superheat decreases about 1.5°C and the boiling heat transfer coefficient increases 68% to 75%. Besides, the enhanced mechanism of the porous surface tubes is also discussed in this paper.
Simulations of Dynamic Fractures on a Brittle Material
Authors: Huang Cheng Yi , Huang Xin
Published: July 2012

A fine-grained granitic rock is utilized to study the effect of dynamic strain rates on failure response theoretically. Theoretical investigation employs a model that combines dynamic fracture criterion and damage mechanics theory. We simulated the damage evolution and the strain rate evolution when the rock failed under a dynamic load.
The Discovery of Direct Noncovalent Bonded Interaction between Keap1 and Diethyl Maleate through Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Lu Xiu Li , Chen Shu Chao , Zhang Yong , Zhang Li , Liu Hong Sheng , Gao Bing
Published: July 2012

Keap1 negatively regulates the function of Nrf2 that is a major activator of genes encoding phase 2 detoxifying enzymes via sequestering cytoplasmic Nrf2 and subsequent degradation through the proteasome system. Reactive cysteine residues of Keap1 could be modified by Michael reaction acceptor molecules. Previous studies have shown that adduction at Cys151 by diethyl maleate (DEM) can give rise to a significant conformational change in Keap1 that leads to the dissociation of Keap1 from CUL3, hence inhibits Nrf2 ubiquitylation. The BTB domain of Keap1 plays a crucial role in both forming self-dimerization and binding to CUL3. In order to better understanding the molecular mechanism how DEM interact with amino acid residues around Cys151, we performed two molecular dynamics (MD) simulations including Keap1-DEM complex and Keap1 alone (control group). Interestingly, we found that after a short period of lingering around Cys151, DEM ultimately stabilized in a gap between two specific helixes away from the cavity around Cys151 and induced a concomitant significant conformational change of BTB domain of Keap1. Similar phenomenon, however, was not observed in the control group. These results suggested that DEM could impair the normal function of Keap1 by inducing the conformational change of BTB domain via direct noncovalent bonded interaction. Our research provides a new insight into another way of interaction between Keap1 and DEM in spite of their known Michael addition reaction, by which novel phase2 enzyme inducer drugs with higher specificity could be discovered in the future
Printability Research and Vision Health Impact Assessment of Printing Material Based on Paper Brightness
Authors: Li Zhi Jian , Zhang Kai Sheng , Zhang Xin
Published: July 2012

In this research, paper material with different performance (e.g. brightness, fiber type, filler retention, coating weight, etc.) is the main subject. According to analysis of physicochemical properties for paper material and experimental results for corresponding printing qualities, the research presents the relationship between paper optical property and printing quality. And on that basis, it also pays more attention to optical effects (such as reflection, scattering, absorbing, concentration) and mechanism of paper with different brightness, research on best visual brightness, contrast and so on, which reveals vision laws among paper optical performance, printings and humans.
PMP-Based Micro-3D Dental Measuring Technology
Authors: Li Zhong Wei , Ma Chao , Liu Chun Li , Wang Cong Jun , Zhong Kai , Shi Yu Sheng
Published: July 2012

Based on the structured light measurement principle, digital fringes projection technology and phase-shifting measuring technology, specific to the 3D profile of some tiny objects like teeth, in this paper we proposes a 3D scanning system which was directly used for intraoral dental measurement utilizing the merits of flexible and long distance signal transmission of the fiber image bundle. The structured light is projected out from DLP LightCommander produced by Texas Instruments Company, shrunk via telecentric imaging lens, conveyed in fiber image bundle. Utilizing the transformational relation between single-camera and projector, afterwards, the 3D profile of teeth is obtained by reconstructing the acquisition images in electronic endoscope. The feasibility of this system has been testified in our experiments. It satisfies the requirements of miniaturization, directness and flexibility; expands the scope of application of micro-3D measurement with structured light in dental clinical practice.
Realization of Angular Position Control System on Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Welding Robot
Authors: Zhai Jian Long , Li Jie , Gao Rong Hui
Published: July 2012

Aim at the need of excessive freedom jointing robot real time measuring joint angle positions during work process, The engineer is an measure system of excessive freedom jointing robot, which are base on absoluteness type photo-electricity coder and TMS320F2812. The system have more group sixteen bits IO and SCI communicate interface, which can make jointing robot real time measuring, and implement the visual interface of the upper machine .The system has well real time and friendly human-machine interface, which is the same with minutely machining appliance extensive.
Measurement System for Soil Complex Resistivity Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Zhu Yong , Wang Zhen Chong , Nai Chang Xin , Dong Lu
Published: July 2012

Complex resistivity of soil must be measured using low-frequency power supply to overcome the skin effect, but, because of using higher frequency, the existing conventional complex resistivity meter is not suitable for soil. To this end, with the discrete Fourier transform and spectrum analysis, a measurement system for soil complex resistivity based on LabVIEW virtual instrumentation development platform and PXI data acquisition card was designed and developed. The system can measure the complex resistivity of the soil under low frequency, track the fluctuations of supply frequency automatically using of software synchronization technology, and then automatic adjust the sampling rate to reduce measurement error. The measurements results of the Cole-Cole circuit model of complex resistivity show that the system has a high accuracy.
Research on Optimal Weight Choice of Multi-MEMS Gyroscope Data Fusion
Authors: Ren Ya Fei , Ge Yun Wang , Bai Xu Can
Published: July 2012

The performance of MEMS gyroscope is crucial to its application, and the zero-bias stability is the main characteristic parameter of gyroscope performance. When fusing several outputs of similar MEMS gyroscope, we often use the weighted mean method. The weight has great influence on the fusing result. In this paper, the optimal weight choice used in the fusion of Multi-MEMS gyroscope data is derived based on multivariate numerical theory. Experimental results show that after simulating multi-MEMS gyroscope data fusion on the measurement result of several gyroscopes, the zero-bias stability will effectively improve.
Permanent-Pressure Control Tactic of Rudder Based on Fuzzy-Control Theorem
Authors: He Xi Guang , Xing Ji Feng , Chen Jia
Published: July 2012

In order to guarantee that the rudder hydraulic systems work normally, the rudder hydraulic system must supply constant-pressure fluid to it. In this article, the author had analyzed the relationship between the power of the hydraulic oil pump and its motor revs, and done researches on its controlling tactics. Next, the author deigned its controller and controlling system based on fuzzy-control theorem. This system could extend the life-span of the pump motor and save energy, and it can also be utilized in other engineering fields.
Study of Oceanic Suspended Particles Density Detecting Technology Based on Mie Scattering Theory
Authors: Lin Hong , Wang Xin Min , Zhou Chuan Lin , Li Wei Zhong
Published: July 2012

A new technology about ocean suspended particles density detecting by Mie scattering theory is proposed. This technology is based on analyzing and studying the transmission characteristics of the laser in the seawater. Based on Mie scattering theory, the optical scattering characteristics of oceanic suspended particles is researched, and a new method of calculating the scattering coefficient and backward scattering ratio is putted forward. By detecting the laser scattering signal under the seawater, the density information of ocean suspended particles can be gain and detect. A ocean suspended particles density detecting model based on airborne lidar system is firstly established through analyzing the absorbing and scattering characteristics of the suspended particles. By simulating and calculating, it is proved that the technology can detect and monitor the density of ocean suspended particles effectively, and therefore it can predict the density change of ocean suspended particles also.
Protection and Symbolization Innovation of Manufacturing Process of Blue and White Porcelain
Authors: Zhu Feng , Shao Jie
Published: July 2012

The development process of blue and white porcelains has always gone through continuous innovation and reformation. Up till now, the market has brought new requirements for the creation of blue-and-white. One the one hand, the traditional manufacturing process is a kind of cultural inheritance. It needs strict observation and protection as well as salvation. On the other hand, the evolution and development of the modern life and culture has as well brought urgent requirements for its symbolization innovation. It is based on the requirements of this kind of development that a brand new concept of blue-and-white is being formed gradually, which is more inclusive and broader.
Study on Strategies of Automatic Equipment Maintenance Based on Reliability in Petrochemical Enterprises
Authors: Zhou Zhe Min
Published: July 2012

The higher equipment reliability can not only ensure the device running continuously, reduce all kinds of consumption, but reduce the accidents occurring because of the equipment defect. In this paper, an optimization strategy for ensuring the reliability of large automatic equipments using the lowest maintenance cost to improve the production efficiency of petrochemical enterprises was put forward. Several maintenance strategies are proposed, in which the reliability of large automatic equipment and the maintenance and repair cost are considerate overall. Reliability maintenance strategies of automatic equipment in the petrochemical industry are research detailed. And strategies of reliable maintenance and the implementation of reliable maintenance are studied.
Test and Study of Soybean Storage Anti-Grading Device
Authors: Yuan Fu Cai , Wang Zhen Qing , Han Hai Min , Wang Yong
Published: July 2012

Automatic classification of grain warehousing is a long-standing problem, particularly for soybean. Automatic classification of soybean brought a series of questions such as warehousing, discharging, storage and processing. To solve these problems, we analyzed the status quo of anti-grading technology and device at home and abroad, and proposed an anti-grading device that consisted of warehousing distributor and multi-channel feeding tube. We changed the traditional single-point discharge to a more coordinated discharge, and reduced the work of topping barn and the phenomenon of grain gradation. From the tests and analysis of single-tube and multi-tube inside and outside warehouse repeatedly, we confirmed the reasonable parameters, and acquired practical achievement of the anti-grading of soybean storage. It has some practical application value.
Research on Nano-Technology and Military Modernization
Authors: Wang Xiao Yan , Lu Xue Cheng , Ren Ying
Published: July 2012

In the future, war is the war of science and technology among countries. In addition, nanotechnology plays an irreplaceable role. In the military field, many advanced countries in the world are carrying out extensive research and development. With the development of nanotechnology and its continuous application in weapons and equipment, weapons and equipment have been improved in many ways. This paper mainly studies the application of nanotechnology materials in military equipment. Moreover, it briefly describes the military modernization process of nanotechnology, as well as its influence on the outcome direction of the military wars.
Application of Reliability Centred Maintenance in Decreasing the Probability of Severe Accidents for the Stream Boiler
Authors: Geng Jun Bao , Chen Guo Wei , Sun Lin Kai
Published: July 2012

To decrease the probability of severe accidents for the stream boiler, a kind of preventive maintenance named operational check based RCM (Reliabilty Centred Maintenance) is put forward to reduce the probability of multi-ply failure occurrence caused by the covert failure, which can reduce or hold back the occurrence of severe accident. The instance is given to describe the influence of the preventive maintenance named operational check for the occurrence probability of severe accident. The instance indicates that the occurrence probability of severe accident will greatly reduce, so this method is useful for machine management.
Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin/CMC Microcapsule by Complex Coacervation
Authors: Gao Yan , Xie Ding , Han Dan Ni , Ouyan Jian Xun , Liu Yong Le
Published: July 2012

Capsaicin microencapsules were prepared by complex coacervation with gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The process conditions were optimized by Orthogonal design on the base of single factor test. As wall material concentration (WMC), gelatin/CMC rate(GCR), core/wall rate(CWR) and pH, are 1%, 9:1, 1:1 and 4.5-4.6 respectively, the encapsulation yield is 92.53% and efficiency is 91.23%. The analysis of capsaicin microcapsule showed that water content is 3.12％ and the repose angle is 43.8°. The microcapsule particle and microstructure were valued by scanning electron microscope (SEM). FT-IR spectrum proved that the coacervate is formed successfully.
The Preparation of Carbon Microspheres Loading Silver Antimicrobial Agent and the Study of its Properties
Authors: Ren Jian Xi , Li Jing Ya , Cai Zhi Feng , Dai Jin Ming , Niu Mei , Hou Wen Sheng
Published: July 2012

Carbon microspheres (CMSs) were used as the carrier to prepare the Ag-loading CMSs (Ag/CMSs) antibacterial agent through the method of chemical adsorption. The morphologies and structures of modified CMSs were characterized by using the field emission Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that silver was absorbed on the surface of CMSs. The bacterial inhibition ring experiment showed that Ag/CMSs had good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, meanwhile the diameters of the bacterial inhibition rings were 19 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 21 mm against Escherichia coli, respectively.
Biopolymer Production by the Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis
Authors: Kim Jong Hoon , Kim Eui Yong , Chu Khim Hoong
Published: July 2012

In this work, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis was investigated. The results suggest that the synthesis of EPS in batch fermentations was enhanced by using a low C/N ratio to stimulate fast cell growth during the exponential phase and by adding glucose to stationary phase cultures to provide excess carbon for EPS formation. The apparent viscosity and molecular weight of EPS were found to decrease with increasing fermentation time due to the partial hydrolysis of EPS by the acidic fermentation broth (pH 1.8). Maintaining stationary phase cultures at pH 4 was found to be effective in minimizing acid hydrolysis and producing EPS with high molecular weight and apparent viscosity.
Optimization of Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Paulownia for the Production of Bioethanol by Respond Surface Methodology
Authors: Cheng Jia Qi , Sun You You , Chen Yuan Cai , Liu Ying , Hu Yong You , Cheng Jay J.
Published: July 2012

Paulownia that is widely distributed in china has the potential for fuel ethanol production because of its relative high cellulose and hemicellulose content and high growth rate. The dilute acid pretreatment hydrolysis process was optimized by developing a respond surface methodology to research the optimum condition of pretreatment. Cellulose conversion ratio and furfural concentration were conducted as the response results of the RSM. The optimal condition of pretreatment is the reaction temperature 145.5°C, the sulfuric acid concentration 1.14% and the residence time 39.3min, the highest cellulose conversion ratio 89.48% was achieved and furfural concentration was smaller than 1g/L. The chemical compositions of untreated paulownia were investigated and their structures were detected by SEM.
Study on the Metabolites of a Bacteria Strain Producing Esterifying Synthetase
Authors: Luo Hui Bo , Wei Chun Hui , Yuan Xian Ling
Published: July 2012

The metabolites characteristics of a bacteria producing esterifying synthetase in different fermentation conditions were studied. A bacteria strain producing esterifying enzyme was isolated from Luzhou-flavor Daqu and it was identified by Biolog Microbes automated identification System. Fermentation conditions such as fermentation time, fermentation initial pH and fermentation temperature were changed. The fermentatiom broth was extracted by ethanol and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the strain was Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius. With the prolonging of fermentation time, methanol and various higher alcohols were gradually decreased and even disappeared, but the esters were gradually increased. With the rise of fermentation initial pH, the acids were decreased. When initial pH was 7.5, more esters were produced, but some metabolites were not changed with the initial pH of fermentation, such as acetic acid, acetaldehyde, 3-methyl butanol and 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone etc. With the increase of fermentation temperature, the alcohols and acids kinds increased. When the fermentation temperature was 35°C, the more esters were produced.
The Experimental Research of Environmental Temperature and Humidity Control Index of Tobacco Shred Store Room
Authors: Jin Yong Chao , Liu Zi Fu , Song Jing Jing , Lu Ying
Published: July 2012

The climate change of different seasons brings significant effects to the air temperature and humidity of tobacco shred store room, leads fluctuations of moisture rate of stored tobacco shred and easily leads to the unsteady of products qualities as well as wastages. With the experimental research of environmental temperature and humidity changes of tobacco shred store room and producing wastages, analysis the data of temperature, time and moisture changes of stored tobacco shred and producing wastages, and demonstrates that, when the environmental temperature and humidity control index of stored tobacco shred is at 26~30°C/60~68%RH, it is good for the alcoholization of tobacco shred and stability of moisture balance, and reduce the online wastages on the certain degree.
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Tea Seed Shell by Zinc Chloride Activation
Authors: Li Zhu , Gao Lin Xia , Pi Ke Wu , Wan Duan Ji , Xiang Si
Published: July 2012

The aims of this work were to utilize tea seed shell, biomass waste, for the preparation of activated carbon by zinc chloride activation. The effects of the preparation parameters, which were concentration of Zncl2, impregnation ratio, impregnation time and activation time, on the yield and adsorption capacity of methylene blue solution were analyzed in order to optimize these operation conditions by Orthogonal experiment. The experimental results show that the optimum activated carbon from tea seed shell was obtained by these conditions as follows: impregnation ratio of 50% ZnCl2/shell of 1:1.5, 2.5 hours impregnation time and 1.5 hours activation time in 500°C activation temperature.
The Adsorption Mechanism of Sodium Lignosulfonate on Al2O3 Particle in the Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Dong Jie , Guo Wen Yuan , Qiu Xue Qing
Published: July 2012

The adsorption properties of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) on Al2O3 particles under different pH values have been investigated. Results show that at low pHs, SL adsorbs on the Al2O3 particles in the form of aggregate as dosage of SL increases; at high pHs, the adsorption is approximately monolayer coverage. With pH values ranging from 3 to 11, the adsorption results are found to be not significantly affected by the addition of urea, ruling out the hydrogen bond as the controlling factor. The paper demonstrates that the main driving force of adsorption is considered as the synergistic effect of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions when pH pHIEP with additives of Na2SO4 and NaCl.
A Pilot-Scale Experimental Research on Biological Nitrogen Removal in a Modified SBR
Authors: Li Jun , Li Xue Bin , Li Jiong Hui
Published: July 2012

A pilot-scale modified SBR process was investigated to treat urban wastewater. The average NH4+-N efficiency removal was 98 %. The average TN removal efficiency was 52 %. The average effluent NH4+-N was 0.34 mg/L. The average effluent TN was 12 mg/L. The average effluent phosphorus was 0.75 mg/L. The average effluent COD was 35 mg/L. The result showed that the ratio of influent NH4+-N /TN was equal approximately to TN removal efficiency. The TN removal ratio was decided by the influent NH4+-N. The long anaerobic time was benefit to the nitrogen removal. The optimal anaerobic time should be set at 1 hour.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Fentin Acetate Residue in Beet and Soil
Authors: Sun Hui Qing , Li Yi Qiang , Xu Guang Jun , Zhen Xiao , Xu Jin Li , Wang Xiu Guo
Published: July 2012

Abstract. [Aims] A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was presented for determination of fentin acetate residue in beet and soils. [Methods] Fentin acetate was extracted from beet plants and soils with hydrochloric acid and acetonitrile, followed by a second extraction in dichloromethane, purified by acid aluminium oxide with methanol eluting, then dissolved by concentration and dilution with acetoneitrile. A HPLC with UV detection at 220 nm and a Waters Sun FireTM-C18 column, which was eluted with methanol and 0.5% phosphoric acid aqueous solution and was used based on an external standard calibration curve. [Results] The results showed that the average recoveries were 88.4-95.6% for beet plants and 91.2-91.8% for soils. The relative standard deviations were 2.0-4.5% and 4.3-5.3% respectively. The minimum detectable level was 1.6×10-10g, the lowest detectable concentration was 0.02mg/kg. [Conclusions] The method is convenient and can meet the requirement of residual analysis and also provide reference for other crops.
Influence of Cellulase to Filtration and Fiber Morphology of Bleached Softwood Pulp
Authors: Du Min , Li Xin Ping , Luo Meng
Published: July 2012

Cellulase named as Celluclast 1.5L was used to deal with bleached softwood pulp. By analyzing the changes of fiber polymerization, fiber length and pulp freeness before and after enzymatic treatment, studied the influence of cellulase to filtration and fiber morphology of bleached softwood pulp, and discussed the mode of action of cellulase to bleached softwood pulp. The results show that while the enzyme dosage increasing, the degree of cellulose hydrolysis increases; the pulp polymerization degree decreases; fiber length decreases and the content of fines increase. Pulp filtration first increases and then decreases, but fiber surface does not appear the phenomenon of fibrillating. It indicates that the action of cellulase to fiber is from the inside to outside.
Modification of Cellulase to Different Bleached Softwood Pulp
Authors: Du Min , Li Xin Ping , Wang Jin , Wang Peng Zhou
Published: July 2012

Cellulase named as Novozym 476 was used to modify three kinds of bleached softwood pulps respectively. By analyzing the changes of refining degree, water retention value, specific surface area, wetting properties of fiber before and after enzymatic treatment, studied the influence of characteristics of raw material to the effect of enzymatic modification. The results indicate that in the same conditions, the refining property, water retention value, specific surface area and wetting property of the three pulps all increase. Among these three pulps, the pulp of Kamloops Kraft has the best modification effect. Refining degree of Kamloops Kraft pulp increases 36.0 °SR when refining for 10,000 PFI revolutions, and the water retention value increases by 68.0%, the dye loading increases with 0.1 mg/g, the contact angle decreases by 4.5%. It illustrates that the fiber raw material with a thin cell wall would have a better effect of enzymatic modification and the wrapping way of microfibers would influence the effect of enzymatic modification.
Review of Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx
Authors: Xue Hong Dan , Li Guo Li , Liu Pu , Wang Fu Li , Bai Yong Qing , Wang Ke
Published: July 2012

This paper reviews various catalysts for removal of NOx in SCR,including noble metals,zeolites,metal oxides and so on.These traditional catalysts do not have excellent properties in all aspects such as catalytic activity, thermal stability and resistance against poisoning,so they can hardly be commercialized.However,composite type catalysts and storage-reduction catalyst for removal NOx overcome the above disadvantages of traditional catalysts and have promising prospects.
Effect of PLC on Stomatal Movement in Vicia faba L.
Authors: Zhang Yuan Hua
Published: July 2012

The effect of PLC in dark-regulated stomatal movement in Vicia faba L. was studied by means of pharmacological approach and stomatal analysis. The result shows that dark-induced stomatal closure can be blocked by U73122, which is a kind of special inhibitor for PLC, and so does the NOs inhibitor, L-NAME and the scavenger of NO, c-PTIO. So this result indicated that the bioactivity of PLC was high in darkness, and some relationship may lie between PLC and NO in stomatal movement.
The Purification of Grifolan Synthase and the Determination of its Molecular Weight
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Wei Guo , Cui Yu Jia , Zhao Yong Liang , Gu Ya Nan , Meng Tian Tian , Zhang Peng , Ding Jin Ju , Jia Ke , Liu Ya Dong
Published: July 2012

Purpose To search for a purification method of Grifolan Synthase crude extract from the mycelium of Grifola frondosa and determine its molecular weight. Methods Grifolan Synthase crude extract from the mycelium of Grifola frondosa was purified by recrystallization and native-PAGE. The process is as follows: Grifolan Synthase crude extract was dissolved in buffer solution (pH7.0). 10ml Grifolan Synthase crude extract solution was mixed with ammonium sulfate slowly to the concentration of 60%, and then mixed with 3ml cooling acetone (refrigeration at -18 °C for 12 hours) slowly, after standing for 24 hours, centrifugated at 5000rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. Material at the interface was collected and air-dried as higher purity Grifolan Synthase. The higher purity Grifolan Synthase was dispersed in the native-PAGE gel, and the active band of native-PAGE gel was cut down and broken by ultrasonic treatment for 1min, then centrifugated at 5000rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C, the supernatant was taken and mixed with ammonium sulfate slowly to the concentration of 60%, after 24 hours on standing, centrifugated at 12000rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C, the pellets was got and the purity was checked by SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of Grifolan Synthase was determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results Grifolan Synthase purified by recrystallization and native-PAGE was checked to be a single band by SDS-PAGE. The data of molecular weight obtained by SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of Grifolan Synthase was 55000Da. Conclusion A purification method of Grifolan Synthase crude extract from the mycelium of Grifola frondosa was researched out, and the molecular weight of grifolan synthase was studied in this paper. It can lay the foundation for the further study on the structure and function of Grifolan Synthase.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Property of the Saponin from Seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel
Authors: Ye Yong , Guo Ya , Wang Yang Fang
Published: July 2012

Seeds of Camellia oleifera are used for edible oil extraction, but the defatted seeds are always discarded. In this study, saponin was separated from the seeds after oil extraction by hexane and 70% aqueous methanol, purified by macro-reticular resin AB-8 and crystallized with 80% aqueous ethanol. Its structure was identified by MS, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and Croton-oil induced ear inflammation in mice were tested for its anti-inflammatory ability. The results show the saponin has significant anti-inflammatory effects and free radical scavenging activity.
Cellulose Degrading Microbial Community Degradation Diluted Acid Pretreatment Cotton Stalks and Optimization of Fermentation Techniques
Authors: Xi Lin Qiao , Wu Shu Qi , Ma Chun Hui
Published: July 2012

Cotton stalk is rich and low cost renewable cellulosic resources in Xinjiang autonomous region, but two-thirds of these stalks are not used to their fullest extent. Nowadays, more research has been reported concerning the pretreatment of cotton stalks, saccharification, ethanol production and other aspects. The experiment screened cellulose degrading microbial community, and optimized conditions of saccharification. In oder to degrading lignin and cellulose of cotton straw and improving the efficiency of hydrolysis of cellulose, to decompose diluted acid pretreatment cotton stalk by cellulose degrading microbial community. We studied the microbial fermentation period, fermentation technical parameters, and curves of cellulase activity. We designed single factors , and orthogonal experiment to optimize the fermentation technical parameters. The results showed that the fermentation period was 5-day, single factor experiment, the optimum of fermentation temperature was 32°C (P < 0.01), orignal pH was 4.8 (P < 0.01), inoculation size was 5%(P < 0.01) and nitrogen source was urea(P < 0.01), and orthogonal experiment, the optimized conditions were nitrogen source, (NH4)2SO4, temperature, 42°C, original pH 6.8, inoculation quantity 1.0%. Under optimized conditions, CMC, FPU, b-G, glycosylated ratio and lose weight reached respectively 47.12 U/mL, 24.35 U/mL, 13.05U/mL, 37.21% and 26.38%.
Study on Mechanism of Cross-Linking of Peanut Protein Isolate Modified with Transglutaminase
Authors: Sun Qing Jie , Xiong Liu , Bu Xiang Hui , Liu Yan
Published: July 2012

The mechanism of cross-linking of peanut protein isolate (PPI) modified with transglutaminase was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) spectra. SDS-PAGE banding patterns indicated that the contents of arachin and conarachin after transglutaminase (TGase) modification were decreased and high molecular weight polymers were formed. SDS-PAGE banding patterns also suggested that cross-linking effects were accomplished in the presence of transglutaminase and the main component participating in cross-linking was arachin. The representative FT-IR spectra of arachin, conarachin modified with TGase treatment appeared the sharp peak at 1680~1630cm-1 region, which showed that intramolecular cross-linking was occurred, respectively. Compared with FT-IR spectra of arachin, conarachin modified with TGase treatment, the spectra of PPI modified with TGase treatment appeared two characteristic absorption at 1546.29cm-1 and 1330.75cm-1, suggesting that cross-linking was occurred between arachin and conarachin and the ε-(γ-glutamyl) isopeptide bond generated.
Ultrasonic Extraction for Obtaining IGF-1 from Antler Velvet Residue and Chemical Compositions
Authors: Zhou Ran , Wang Fei , Chang Ming , Yue Hong Kun , Li Shu Fen
Published: July 2012

In this work, the utilization of ultrasonic technology to extract insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) from antler velvet residue was evaluated. The effects of pH of solvent, the ratio of solvent to sample, extraction temperature and extraction time were investigated through a single factor experiment. The influences of preliminary conditions of supercritical CO2 and co-solvent extraction (SFE) on the activity remaining of IGF-1 in antler velvet residue were discussed. The contents of total protein, total acidic polysaccharide and amino acids were determined, respectively. The results indicate that SFE method has slightly influence on the activity remaining of IGF-1 in antler velvet residue, and the activity remaining of IGF-1 in residue reached 93.68 %. In the optimal pretreatment condition (pH10 buffer solution; the ratio of solvent to sample 20/1 (v/w); extraction temperature 0 °C-35 °C; extraction time 4×15 min), the process yielded 8006.05 ng of IGF-1 per gram antler velvet residue. While the contents of total protein and total acidic polysaccharide were 107.31mg/100mL and 800.7µg/100mL, respectively. Moreover, the total amino acid (TAA) content was up to 120.44mg/100mL and 7 kinds of essential amino acid were 30.08% of the TAA.
Hybrid Catalysts Compose of Mono-Substituted Keggin-Polyoxometalate and Different Aminopyridine Derivatives as Catalysts for Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Chen Li Juan , Feng Tao , Wang Peng Fei , Liu Qing Quan
Published: July 2012

amino- pyridinium salts of mono-substiuted Keggin-polyoxometalate were synthesized and the catalytic performance the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under solvent-free conditions with hydrogen peroxide was examined. The influences of the composition of hybrid catalyst and mole ratio of H2O2to benzyl alcohol were discussed, under the testing conditions of 70 oC, catalyst load 0.3 g, benzyl alcohol 2 mL, 30% H2O26mL, 5 h, 2-N-(2-pyrindinemethyl) -aminopyridinium salt of FeII substituted phosphotungstate (5b)4HPW11FeO39exhibited the best activity, the conversion of benzyl of 95.4% with high selectivity of 98% was achieved, aminopyridine component in hybrid catalyst act as a counterion of polyoxometalate anion as well as a ancillary ligand, the interactions between organic counterion and polyoxometalate anion involve the electrostatic bond NH3+…Fe-POM as well as dative bond pyridine-N→Fe-POM, both affect the redox reactivity of mono-substituted polyoxometalte.
Investigation of the Slow Mode of Sodium Lignosulfonate under Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Qian Yong , Deng Yong Hong , Qiu Xue Qing
Published: July 2012

The temperature dependence of the dynamics of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) solution with high salt concentration was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that there existed fast mode and slow mode in NaLS aqueous solution. After enough addition of salt (1.2 M NaCl), slow mode in NaLS solution disappeared when NaLS molecules became electric neutrally. On this basis, the NaLS molecules aggregated and leaded to the re-formation of slow mode if the temperature of NaLS solution was above 311.15K. There was no splitting phenomenon in correlation function and size distribution when slow mode appeared under room temperature in NaLS solution. The correlation function would split into two stages when the size difference between fast and slow modes exceeded certain limit.
A Temperature-Shift Strategy in Batch Monascus Yellow Pigments Fermentation
Authors: Zhou Bo , Kang Jing Jing
Published: July 2012

According to the results of the single temperature on Monascus anka mutant growth and monascus yellow pigments production in this paper, two stages in the fermentation temperature control strategy has been operated as following: the temperature was 34°C to improve the Monascus growth before culture 48 hour and then 32°C was carried out to improve theItalic text yellow pigments production. The results demonstrated that two stages temperature control at 96 hours, the yield of monascus yellow pigments can arrive 164.51 OD units, it was 180.35%, 2165.48%, 107.66%, 5.76%, 33.23%, 36.74% higher than that of 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C, 34°C, 36°C fermentation, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate(µ) and the maximum specific production rate of yellow pigments( qy) could arrive 0.0528 h-1 and 0.404 OD.g-1.h-1, and it was 5.30% and 3.22% higher than that of 34°C and 32°C, respectively. The specific production rate of yellow pigments was varied from 0.2 OD.g-1.h-1 to 0.4 OD.g-1.h-1 in whole fermentation. Two stage temperature control strategy could improve the yellow pigments production, increase µ and and short the culture time.
Preparation and Characterization of Glucose Liposome by Supercritical Reverse Phase Evaporation Method
Authors: Chen Shu Hua , Zhan Shi Ping , Chen Li , Yu Chi
Published: July 2012

Liposome has proven a promising carrier for its special structure and characterization, and can be widely used in pharmacy and cosmetics. Supercritical reverse phase evaporation (SRPE) is a new technique for preparation liposomes with supercritical fluid instead of organic solvent. It features that the preparation process is simple and a high coating ratio is obtained for water-soluble substances. In this paper, the technique was used to synthesize liposomes with water soluble glucose and the effects of the processing technologies parameters on the particle size and the coating ratio of liposomes which were investigated in detail. The liposomes with a volume average diameter of 290-330nm were successfully prepared by this technique and the coating ratio for water-soluble glucose was as high as 27.3%, while it was only 12.5% by the process of physical dispersant in water. It was confirmed that the temperature, pressure and equilibrium time had great effects on the particle size and the coating ratio. As the temperature increased from 35°C to 65°C, the particle size decreased obviously to its minimum value and then changed begins to increase . With the pressure increased from 10MPa to 30MPa, the particle size first decreased and then kept approximately constant. As the equilibrium time increased from 15min to 45min, the particle size first kept an approximately constant value and then increased greatly. Increasing either the temperature from 35°C to 65°C or the pressure from 10MPa to 20MPa, the coating ratio increased remarkably, but it decreased as the pressure increased from 20MPa to 25MPa.
Rice Straw and Rice Straw Ash as Precursor for Synthesis of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves MCM-41
Authors: Tang Xiao Hong , Li Bao Jun , Li Cheng Wei
Published: July 2012

In this paper, rice straw (RS) and rice straw ash (RSA) were employed to synthesize mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 in an open-vessel. The structure of as-synthesized MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectrum, NH3-Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. RS-MCM-41 and RSA-MCM-41 possess the same typical hexagonal mesoporous structure with high long-range order and crystalline degree as those of MCM-41 from water glass (SDS-MCM-41).
Homogeneous Modification of Sugarcane Bagasse with Succinic Anhydride in Novel Solvent Systems without Additional Catalysts
Authors: Chen Chao Yi , Liu Chuan Fu , Sun Run Cang
Published: July 2012

Homogeneous modification of sugarcane bagasse with succinic anhydride (SA) was investigated in novel solvent systems ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/dimethyl sulfoxide ([C4mim]Cl/DMSO) and dimethyl sulfoxide/N-methylimidazole (DMSO/NMI), respectively. The results showed that succinoylation of SCB with SA was accomplished in [C4mim]Cl/DMSO at high temperature and in DMSO/NMI at room temperature without any additional catalysts. Increasing SA/SCB mass ratio from 2:1 to 3:1 and 4:1 resulted in an improvement of WPG from 21.1 to 29.6 and 30.4 in [C4mim]Cl/DMSO at 120oC, and from 97.3 to 102.5 and 118.4 in DMSO/NMI at room temperature, respectively. The high succinoylation efficiency in DMSO/NMI at room temperature was probably due to the special role of NMI as a solvent, a base and a catalyst in this solvent system. FT-IR and CP/MAS 13C-NMR analyses also provided evidences of succinoylation reaction of SCB with additional catalysts in [C4mim]Cl/DMSO and in DMSO/NMI. The results indicated that the succinoylation of lignin and carbohydrates all occurred.
Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix Modified by N-(2-Hydroxy) Propyl-3-Trimethyl Ammonium Chitosan Chloride
Authors: Dan Nian Hua , Zhu Jian , Dan Wei Hua , Xiao Shi Wei
Published: July 2012

Porcine acellular dermal matrix (pADM) was modified by N-(2-Hydroxy) propyl-3-Trimethyl Ammonium Chitosan Chloride (HTCC) with varied concentration, pH, time and temperature. The absorption of HTCC, surface state, hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of pADM were researched before and after modification. Results show that the optimum experimental condition of modification is pH 6.4, 37°C, treated for 48 hours, and the concentration of HTCC 0.7%. The contact angle of modified pADM reduces and the water absorption ratio increases, but the tensile strength and moisture permeability falls. Obvious antibacterial action is observed on Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus, and cytotoxicity is grade 2. This work suggests the feasibility of HTCC to modify pADM.
Effects of Earthworms and Substrate on Iris pseudacorus Growth
Authors: Xu De Fu , Li Ying Xue , Zheng Jian Wei , Guan Yi Dong , Fang Hua
Published: July 2012

The response of Iris pseudacorus to the introduction of earthworms and to a variety of substrates in constructed wetland systems was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The growth of I. pseudacorus was influenced by the presence of earthworms and the type of substrate. Plants grown on a sand substrate had the fewest seedlings and the smallest plant size. Because the sand substrate started with the lowest nutritional value, the addition of earthworms resulted in the largest increase in fresh and dry weights of I. pseudacorus, when compared with the other pairs of substrate treatments, with or without earthworms. The addition of earthworms increased pod production in I. pseudacorus, especially on substrates of mixed sand and soil, and with mixed sand and organic matter. Pod production in I. pseudacorus pots with earthworms varied by substrate.
Application of Montmorillonite in Dyeing on Silk Fabric with Mugwort
Authors: Liu Yu Sen , Chen Li
Published: July 2012

The montmorillonite was took as mordant in dyeing on silk fabrics with mugwort natural dyes.Silk fabrics were dyed by mordanting.The color feature value and color fastness were tested and were compared with that of the silk fabrics dyed with direct dyeing and alum mordanting dyeing.The results show that,as a mordant,when the amount of montmorillonite is 5g•L-1,the fabric dyeing depth is the highest.The color fastness of the silk fabrics dyed with montmorillonite mordanting is higher than that of silk fabrics dyed with direct dyeing,and the color fastness grade is equal with that of silk fabrics dyed with mordant metal salts.