bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemistry of 1,1,4,4‐Tetramethyl‐1‐azonia‐4‐phosphonia‐2, 5‐diboratacyclohexane, a Novel Multipolar Framework Heterocycle.
Authors: DOUGHERTY S. W. , MILLER N. E.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Bis(α,α,ω‐ trihydroperfluoroalkyl) Phosphites (II).
Authors: MASLENNIKOV I. G. , KIRICHENKO L. N. , LAVRENT'EV A. N.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Hydroxy‐ and Dihydroxyphosphonates.
Authors: CEN W. , DAI X. , SHEN Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Nitroxy‐3‐adamantoneacetic Acid with Phosphorus(III) Chloride.
Authors: YURCHENKO R. I. , MIROSHNICHENKO V. V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Organo‐Phosphorus Compounds. Part 14. The Reaction of Visnaginone, Khillinone, and o‐Hydroxy‐acetophenone with Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: SHABANA R. , YAKOUT E. M. , ATREES S. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2,2‐Diethoxy‐3‐butanone with Phosphorus(III) Monochlorides in the Presence of Trialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: GAZIZOV M. B. , KHAIRULLIN R. A. , KHARLAMOVA A. G. , OSTANINA L. P. , SAVEL'EVA E. I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Functionalization at the 5‐Position of Uracils by Selenenylation.
Authors: KIM Y. H. , LEE C. H. , LEE D. H.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Terpenoids of Maytenus boaria MOL. (Celastraceae).
Authors: MUNOZ O. , RUIZ R. , GONZALES A. , NUNEZ M. P. , JIMENEZ I. , RAVELO A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Spiro‐o‐benzoquinonefuran (‐)‐Stypoldione.
Authors: FALCK J. R. , CHANDRASEKHAR S. , MANNA S. , CHIU C.‐C. S. , MIOSKOWSKI C. , WETZEL I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lactol‐Ene Reaction: An Efficient Access to the Synthesis of 22R,25‐ Dihydroy Steroid Side Chains.
Authors: MIKAMI K. , KISHINO H. , MATSUEDA H. , LOH T.‐P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Racemic myo‐Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate 3‐O‐ Methylenecarboxylate (VII), a Ca2+‐Mobilising myo‐Inositol 1,3,4,5‐ Tetrakisphosphate Analogue.
Authors: LIU C. , THOMAS N. F. , POTTER B. V. L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of Ethyl Z‐ and E‐Octa‐2,6‐ dienopyranosiduronates from Ethyl 2,4‐Dideoxy‐α‐D‐erythro‐hex‐2‐ enopyranoside.
Authors: GOMEZ A. M. , LOPEZ J. C. , FRASER‐REID B.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbocyclic Analogues of 1‐β‐D‐Psicofuranosyl Nucleosides. psico‐Cyclopentenyladenosine (Psicoplanocin A) and psico‐ Cyclopentenylcytosine.
Authors: BODENTEICH M. , MARQUEZ V. E. , BARCHI J. J. JUN. , HALLOWS W. H. , GOLDSTEIN B. M. , DRISCOLL J. S.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectra of Ribosyl C(1′)‐Deuterated Purine Nucleosides: Evidence of Vibrational Coupling Between Purine and Ribose Rings
Authors: TOYAMA A. , TAKINO Y. , TAKEUCHI H. , HARADA I.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Route to Functionalized cis‐Hydrindanes from Tricyclo( 5.2.1.02,6)decan‐10‐ones. A Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Coronafacic Acid.
Authors: MEHTA G. , PRAVEEN M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of the Rutamycins. Construction of the C1‐C15 Subunit (II) of Rutamycin B.
Authors: WHITE J. D. , PORTER W. J. , TILLER T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Local Monitoring of Absolute NO2 Concentrations in Ambient Air by Multipass Absorption Spectroscopy.
Authors: ARMERDING W. , WALTER J. , RUEGER CHR. , SPIEKERMANN M. , COMES F. J.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin and Lead
Authors: ARMITAGE D. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐Matter Interaction in Intense Laser Fields
Authors: LOMPRE L. A. , MONOT P. , AUGUSTE T. , MAINFRAY G. , MANUS C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide Catalysis in Automotive Exhaust Systems
Authors: TAYLOR K. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: State‐Resolved Simple Bond‐Fission Reactions: Experiment and Theory
Authors: REISLER H. , WITTIG C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magneto‐Structural Correlations in Dimeric Copper(II) Carboxylates
Authors: OHBA S. , KATO M. , TOKII T. , MUTO Y. , STEWARD O. W.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Entry to Naturally Occurring 5‐Alkenyl α,β‐Unsaturated δ‐Lactones from D‐Glucose: Syntheses of (+)‐Acetylphomalactone and (+)‐Asperlin.
Authors: GOMEZ A. M. , LOPEZ DE URALDE B. , VALVERDE S. , LOPEZ J. C.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of LB30057, a Benzamidrazone‐Based Selective Oral Thrombin Inhibitor.
Authors: OH Y. S. , KIM S. , ET AL. ET AL.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of Triammonium‐trisulfimide (NH4)3(NSO2)3.
Authors: Leben Christiane , Jansen Martin
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bone sialoprotein deficiency impairs osteoclastogenesis and mineral resorption in vitro
Authors: Boudiffa Maya , Wade-Gueye Ndéye Marième , Guignandon Alain , Vanden-Bossche Arnaud , Sabido Odile , Aubin Jane E , Jurdic Pierre , Vico Laurence , Lafage-Proust Marie Hélène , Malaval Luc
Published: September 2010

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN) belong to the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, whose members interact with bone cells and bone mineral. Previously, we showed that BSP knockout (BSP−/−) mice have a higher bone mass than wild type (BSP+/+) littermates, with very low bone-formation activity and reduced osteoclast surfaces and numbers. Here we report that approximately twofold fewer tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)–positive cells and approximately fourfold fewer osteoclasts form in BSP−/− compared with BSP+/+ spleen cell cultures. BSP−/− preosteoclast cultures display impaired proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Addition of RGD-containing proteins restores osteoclast number in BSP−/− cultures to BSP+/+ levels. The expression of osteoclast-associated genes is markedly altered in BSP−/− osteoclasts, with reduced expression of cell adhesion and migration genes (αV integrin chain and OPN) and increased expression of resorptive enzymes (TRACP and cathepsin K). The migration of preosteoclasts and mature osteoclasts is impaired in the absence of BSP, but resorption pit assays on dentine slices show no significant difference in pit numbers between BSP+/+ and BSP−/− osteoclasts. However, resorption of mineral-coated slides by BSP−/− osteoclasts is markedly impaired but is fully restored by coating the mineral substrate with hrBSP and partly restored by hrOPN coating. In conclusion, lack of BSP affects both osteoclast formation and activity, which is in accordance with in vivo findings. Our results also suggest at least some functional redundancy between BSP and OPN that remains to be clarified. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Theoretische Chemie 1996
Authors: Kaupp Martin , Jug Karl , Häser Marco
Published: September 2010

Die Anwendung von Dichtefunktional‐und ab initio‐Methoden auf molekulare Übergangsmetallsysteme, die semiempirische Theorie größerer Systeme, wie Biomoleküle, Cluster und Festkörper, sowie das Potential theoretischer Methoden für die Chemie der Hauptgruppen, die Interpretation von NMR‐Spektren und das Verständnis bestimmter chemischer Phänomene sind diesmal Schwerpunkte des Trendberichts.
Sechs Aufgaben für die Computer‐Chemie
Authors: Niskanen Elina
Published: September 2010

Chemie, Information und Computer, diese drei Schlagworte verknüpfen das Know‐how von Computerexperten mit dem der Chemiker. Wo sind die zukunftsträchtigen Themen? Welche Vorteile Ziehen Chemiker aus der Kombination?
NOTCH1 mutation in a female with myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemia
Authors: Shiba Norio , Kanazawa Takashi , Park Myoung‐ja , Okuno Haruna , Tamura Kazushi , Tsukada Shota , Hayashi Yasuhide , Arakawa Hirokazu
Published: September 2010

A 6‐year‐old Japanese female was diagnosed as having myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKL) using immunocytochemical analysis. The patient was treated by cord blood transplantation from an HLA 1‐locus mismatched unrelated donor after chemotherapy comprising cytosine arabinoside, idarubicin, etoposide, and L‐asparaginase. We detected a nonsense mutation, C7412A, resulting in S2471X, where X is a terminal codon, in the PEST domain of NOTCH1 in this patient. The presence of the NOTCH1 activating mutation in MNKL might suggest a possible role in the leukemogenesis of MNKL. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:1406–1409. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emerging clinical applications in cardiovascular pharmacogenomics
Authors: Damani Samir B. , Topol Eric J.
Published: September 2010

Over one‐fourth of the 36 million annual outpatient prescriptions filled in the United States are known to have human genomic biomarker information available that predicts drug safety and efficacy, or both. However, to date, we have not systematically implemented strategies to effectively use this data in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. Part of the difficulty has stemmed from the only modest predictive capacity of previously identified gene variants, lack of replication of data in multiple studies, and the hesitancy of the clinical community to translate data gleaned from basic and translational research to routine clinical practice. Now, additional key variants that strongly impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion are rapidly surfacing through the use of genome‐wide association technology. Most importantly, these variants are being validated in independent cohorts of thousands of cases and controls. In the near future, the dramatic reduction in the cost of DNA sequencing will lead to further insight into the common and rare genetic variants that strongly predict our individual response to commonly used medications. The clinical community will need to be prepared to utilize this vital data in aiding their selection of the right drug for the right patient if we expect to significantly reduce the ever increasing burden of societies' most common diseases. Herein, we detail the most clinically compelling and robust examples of pharmacogenomics emerging in the field of cardiovascular disease and hopefully foretell how cardiovascular disease might be treated in the era of genomic medicine. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2011 3 206–215 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.113

This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Therapeutic Methods
Using a Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act Cycle to Introduce a New OR Service Line
Authors: Nakayama Don K. , Bushey Timothy N. , Hubbard Irene , Cole Dawn , Brown Amanda , Grant Timothy M. , Shaker Issam J.
Published: September 2010

In 2008, a multidisciplinary team at the Medical Center of Georgia, Macon, began a one‐year Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycle to implement a high‐quality pediatric surgery service line. The PDSA team defined goals, objectives, and measurable performance metrics and then reviewed cases and aggregated data monthly to identify and improve clinical, process, instrument, and supply problems as well as patient transfer issues. The PDSA cycle led to improvements in team performance, communication, and patient transfer and decreased the number of problems associated with instruments, supplies, equipment, and surgeon tardiness.
Perioperative Care of the Morbidly Obese Patient in the Lithotomy Position
Authors: Bennicoff Geraldine
Published: September 2010

The lithotomy position is used daily in the OR to position patients for vaginal, rectal, and urologic procedures. Use of this position requires a careful nursing assessment to ensure that the patient can tolerate having his or her legs placed in the stirrups and to ensure that no pressure points exist for the duration of the surgery. Caring for a patient who is morbidly obese and who requires surgery in the lithotomy position can be especially challenging, and the possibility of injury to the patient or staff members should be considered. A case study involving the care of a patient who weighed almost 600 lb undergoing surgery in the lithotomy position demonstrates ways to provide safe care for this type of challenging patient.
Disease progression model for cognitive deterioration from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database
Authors: Ito Kaori , Corrigan Brian , Zhao Qinying , French Jonathan , Miller Raymond , Soares Holly , Katz Elyse , Nicholas Timothy , Billing Bill , Anziano Richard , Fullerton Terence
Published: September 2010

Background

A mathematical model was developed to describe the longitudinal response in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive (ADAS‐cog) obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.

Methods

The model was fit to the longitudinal ADAS‐cog scores from 817 patients. Risk factors (age, apolipoprotein ɛ4 [APOE ɛ4] genotype, gender, family history of AD, years of education) and baseline severity were tested as covariates.

Results

Rate of disease progression increased with baseline severity. Age, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and gender were identified as potential covariates influencing disease progression. The rate of disease progression in patients with mild to moderate AD was estimated as approximately 5.5 points/yr.

Conclusions

A disease progression model adequately described the natural decline of ADAS‐cog observed in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Baseline severity is an important covariate to predict a curvilinear rate of disease progression in normal elderly, mild cognitive impairment, and AD patients. Age, APOE ɛ4 genotype, and gender also influence the rate of disease progression.
Late Permian and Early Triassic magmatic pulses in the Angara–Taseeva syncline, Southern Siberian Traps and their possible influence on the environment
Authors: Paton M.T. , Ivanov A.V. , Fiorentini M.L. , McNaughton N.J. , Mudrovska I. , Reznitskii L.Z. , Demonterova E.I.
Published: September 2010

Recently it has been suggested that the major influence on the environment from Siberian Traps magmatism was due to the interaction of magma and organic-rich shale and petroleum-bearing evaporites, with the subsequent creation and outburst of toxic gases (Siberian gas venting: SGV model). In part this idea was supported by a U-Pb age of 252.0 ± 0.4 Ma for one of the dolerite sills in the southeastern Siberian Traps: the age corresponds to the Permo-Triassic boundary and its known mass extinctions of biota. In this study two other dolerite sills were dated using zircons by the U-Pb SHRIMP method at 254.2 ± 2.3 Ma and 249.6 ± 1.5 Ma. The former age is in agreement within error with the age previously published for the dolerite sills, whereas the latter age is in agreement with U-Pb ages published for lava and intrusions from the northern Siberian Traps. The new ages corresponds to the Cahngshingian/Wuchiapingian or Permian/Triassic and Spathian/Smithian boundaries, respectively. Review of 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb SHRIMP ages previously published for the southeastern Siberian Traps shows that three other pulses of magmatism probably took place at respectively Anisian/Spathian, Late/Middle Anisian and Landian/Anisian boundaries. Thus it is possible that the SVG model can be applied also to lesser biotic extinctions and recoveries in proximity and aftermath to the main Permo-Triassic extinction.
The relative value of concentrates and roughage for fattening cattle
Authors: Levy D. , Holzer Z.
Published: September 2010

In three similar experiments, 2 or 3 kg of a commercial concentrate mixture, forming part of a high concentrate ration, were replaced by an equal weight of dry matter of one of four roughages: hay, straw, silage and green soilage.

The metabolizable energy content of the concentrate was 2-4 Mcal/kg. Expected daily gain was calculated according to the following energy systems: Scandinavian feed units (SFU), starch equivalent (SE), total digestible nutrients (TDN), the U.K. Agricultural Research Council system (ARC), and the U.S. National Research Council net energy system (NRC).

The replacement of 2 kg of concentrate significantly reduced daily gain only in the straw treatment. Reduction of the fat content of the carcasses was significant for all roughage treatments. The differences between the observed daily gain and the expected, as calculated by the SFU, SE and NRC systems, were highly significant, while those between the observed and those cal culated by the TDN and ARC systems were not significant. The TDN system overestimated the nutritional value of the roughages, while the SFU and SE systems underestimated it.
The effects of variations in the energy concentration and protein source of complete diets for beef cattle
Authors: Broadbent P. J. , Ball C. , Dodsworth T. L.
Published: September 2010

Twelve British Friesian and 12 Ayrshire castrated male calves were fed ad libitum one of three complete diets of differing energy concentration from approximately 140 to 410 kg live weight. Differences in energy concentration of the diets were achieved by inclusion of different proportions of wet distiller's grains (WDG). Increasing the proportion of WDG in the diet caused reductions in performance. This effect was more marked with the Friesians than with the Ayrshires. The treatments had small and generally non-significant effects on carcass conformation and composition.
Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 1. Response to protein intake on a high-energy diet
Authors: Cooke R. , Lodge G. A. , Lewis D.
Published: September 2010

Sixty gilts by Landrace sires out of Large White × Landrace females were allocated on the basis of litter relationship and initial weight to six treatments involving the individual feeding of six dietary protein levels, 15·5%, 17·4%, 20·2%, 22·3%, 25·3% and 27·3% crude protein (CP), at a common energy level of approximately 3500 kcal/kg DE, from 23 to 59 kg live weight. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. There were significant increases in growth rate and efficiency of feed conversion from the 15·5% to the 17·4% CP diets and significant reductions in both from the 25·3 % to the 27·3 % CP diets. Carcass lean by dissection increased linearly (r = 0·976) and fat decreased linearly (r = −0·992) with dietary protein increment over the full range studied. As best growth performance and maximum lean content were attained at different dietary CP levels, a combined measure of daily lean deposition was calculated; this indicated that maximum rate of lean growth and efficiency of feed conversion to lean were reached on the 22·3% CP level. In terms of efficiency of utilization of nutrients, maximum retentions of both DE and DCP in the edible part of the carcass appeared to be attained on the two lowest dietary protein levels.
Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio
Authors: Lodge G. A. , Cundy M. E. , Cooke R. , Lewis D.
Published: September 2010

Forty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.

On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.
Value for milk production of artificially dried forages as cobs and pellets
Authors: Milne J. A. , Thomson E. F. , Campling R. C.
Published: September 2010

Two experiments were conducted to compare the milk-producing value of dried forages in the form of cobs and pellets as replacements for a standard dairy concentrate. Four levels (0·33, 0·44, 0·55 and 0·66 kg/kg milk) of dried forage or standard dairy concentrate were offered in addition to a basal ration of 6 kg hay and 2 kg standard dairy concentrate. In both experiments the rate of eating by the cows of cobs was significantly slower (P<0·05) than that of pellets. No significant difference was found between the cobs and pellets in either experiment in their value for milk production. In Experiment 2 the standard dairy concentrate had a non-significantly higher (P>0·05) milk-producing value than the dried lucerne. Level of feeding had a significant positive effect on the milk yield (P< 0·001) of cows offered the dried grass and lucerne and on the milk solids- not-fat content (P<0·05) and live weight (P<0·01) of cows offered the dried grass, lucerne and standard dairy concentrate.
Rearing of dairy cattle 8. Relationships of dietary energy intake, changes in live weight, body condition and fertility
Authors: Baishya N. , Morant S. V. , Pope G. S. , Leaver J. D.
Published: September 2010

In each of 2 years, two groups of 25 British Friesian heifers were given, respectively, a moderate- and a low-energy diet for a 12-week period. Mean live-weight gains of 0·25 kg/day and 0·45 kg/day were recorded for the moderate-energy diet, and losses of 0·22 kg/day and 013 kg/day for the low-energy diet. Heifers were inseminated artificially at oestrus at approximately the mid-point of the 12-week period, this oestrus being the next observed after synchronized oestrus, which followed luteolysis induced by cloprostenol injections. With few exceptions, heifers that gained weight were in good or medium condition at insemination and those that lost weight were in medium or poor condition.

Highest pregnancy rate (0·78) was recorded for heifers that gained weight and were in medium condition at insemination. For heifers losing weight, pregnancy rate dropped to 0·46 (P < 0·05) due to reproductive failure occurring before the 25th day after insemination. Only in heifers in poor body condition was there a significantly higher proportion failing to ovulate normally (P < 0·001). Among heifers gaining weight, those failing to become pregnant to the first insemination were approximately lOOg/kg heavier than the pregnant ones (P<0·05).

Irrespective of gain or loss of weight, and of body condition at insemination, embryo losses did not occur later than the 25th day after insemination, except that five heifers that showed oestrus when pregnant (according to plasma progesterone levels) and were reinseminated then showed evidence of embryo loss.
A note on the response of growing rabbits to varying levels of sodium hydroxide-treated straw
Authors: Lindeman M. A. , Brigstocke T. D. A. , Wilson P. N.
Published: September 2010

Two trials were conducted at the BOCM Silcock Development Unit at Stoke Mandeville. The first trial evaluated the response on doe and progeny, from mating to 8 weeks after parturition, of rabbit compound diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg. Performance data showed no detrimental effect of inclusion levels up to 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg despite its high sodium concentration.

A second trial was made to ascertain whether these findings were due to the treated straw itself or to increasing sodium concentrations. A standard rabbit compound diet containing 2·5 g sodium per kg was compared with diets containing either 5·0 or 10·0 g sodium per kg, and with experimental compound diets containing either 80 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw or 80 g untreated straw per kg and both containing 2·5 g sodium per kg. Peak food conversion was estimated to occur at a dietary sodium concentration of 4·6g/kg, although the slope of the dose response curve was not statistically significant at the P ≤ level.

The results indicate that compound diets containing up to 80 to lOOg sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg may be fed to rabbits and that inclusion of levels of up to 300 g sodium hydroxide-treated straw per kg are not detrimental to performance. On the other hand, an inclusion of 80 g untreated ground straw per kg in compound diets for rabbits had a growth-depressing effect.
The effects of carbadox on the performance and carcass characteristics of early-weaned pigs given high- and low-protein diets
Authors: Campbell R. G.
Published: September 2010

Thirty-six male pigs weaned at 28 days of age were used to study the effects of methyl-3-(2- quinoxalinylmethylene) carbazate-N1, N4-dioxide (carbadox) in high- and low-protein diets on the performance of pigs growing between 7 and 32 kg live weight, and on carcass characteristics at the latter weight.

The inclusion of carbadox (55 mg/kg) in a high-protein diet containing 195 g crude protein per kg and 10·2 g lysine per kg had no effect on performance or on carcass characteristics. Pigs offered the high-protein diets grew more rapidly, had a lower food conversion ratio and were leaner at 32 kg live weight than those offered a lowprotein diet containing 146g crude protein per kg and 6·0 g lysine per kg. Supplementation of the low-protein diet with lysine (4·2 g/kg) had no effect on performance or carcass characteristics but the inclusion of carbadox in the low-protein diet increased growth performance and reduced carcass backfat measurements at 32 kg. However, the performance was inferior, and the backfat thickness greater, compared with the high-protein diets. On the other hand, supplementation of the low-protein diet with lysine plus carbadox raised growth performance and reduced carcass backfat measurements to the levels exhibited on the high protein diets.
Effects of cereal and protein supplements to swedes (Brassica napus) on intake and performance of pregnant and lactating ewes kept indoors
Authors: Vipond J. E. , Hunter E. A. , King Margaret E.
Published: September 2010

Individually penned Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn and Suffolk × Scottish Halfbred ewes were used to study the effects of supplementing diets based on ad libitum swedes. Supplementing a pregnancy diet of ad libitum swedes plus 225 g of hay with 454 g of a barley/soya bean meal supplement per day had no effect on swede intake or ewe performance in terms of the birth weight and survival of lambs born. Level of swede intake during late pregnancy was constant.

In early lactation, ewes offered ad libitum swedes plus 225 g hay per day were supplemented with 454 g of either barley or soya bean meal daily. Soya bean meal supplementation resulted in a 014 increase in swede intake to give a daily intake of 113g dry matter per kgM 0·7·5 and a total live-weight gain of 218kg in early lactation compared with a loss of 2·53 kg by barley-supplemented ewes. Lamb daily gain increased by 54g per day. The results are discussed in relation to trends towards the housing of ewes and current feeding practices for lactating ewes.
The effect of change and level of nutrition on the reproductive performance of group-fed dairy heifers
Authors: Ducker M. J. , Yarrow N. , Morant S. V.
Published: September 2010

One hundred and sixty Friesian heifers were allocated to two groups 8 or 9 weeks before artificial insemination and group-fed to gain live weight at 0·8 or 0·3 kg/day. Half the heifers of each group were moved to the other group 2 weeks before first insemination. All heifers received two intramuscular injections of prostaglandin (cloprostenol) 11 days apart, followed by inseminations at 72 and 96 h after the second injection.

The feeding regimes applied did not significantly affect the fertility of groups of heifers as measured by pregnancy rates to fixed-time or all inseminations. There were significant differences between pregnant and nonpregnant heifers within groups where changes in feeding levels were imposed (P<0·1 to P<0·01). Heifers whose growth rate was most severely checked, or whose body condition deteriorated relative to others in the group, were less fertile. For heifers changed from the low to the high plane of nutrition, those experiencing the greater increase in growth rate and body condition were more fertile than others.

No relationship was found between live-weight change, plasma glucose concentrations and fertility. In a second trial 158 Friesian heifers received two injections of cloprostenol 11 days apart, followed by inseminations at 72 and 96 h after the second injection. After the fixed-time inseminations the heifers were divided into two groups and were group-fed to gain live weight at 0·8 and 04 kg per head per day. Although the mean live-weight gain of the high group was significantly higher than that of the lower group (P<0·001), the overall pregnancy rates were not significantly different.
The influence of winter nutrition, grazing system and stocking rate on the performance of spring-calving Hereford × Friesian cows and their calves 1. Winter nutrition
Authors: Baker R. D. , Le Du Y. L. P. , Barker J. M.
Published: September 2010

In three experiments the effects of giving Hereford × Friesian cows 61 to 64 MJ/day of metabolizable energy in the last 8 weeks of pregnancy, followed by either 49 to 56 (L) or 85 to 100 (H) MJ/day for the first 8 weeks of lactation, were determined. A further comparison was made in experiment 3, in which energy intakes were restricted to 46 and 64 MJ/day (M) in the two periods respectively. The L and M groups had a similar average weight loss of approximately 55 kg over winter whereas the H groups maintained their weight. The L and M treatments had a negligible effect on milk production at 3 weeks post calving but they caused a significant depression at 6 weeks in experiments 2 and 3. Milk energy and protein concentrations were reduced in all three experiments. Calf growth was similar on both treatments in experiment 1 but was 9 to 13% lower in experiments 2 and 3 for the L and M groups compared with the H group. Reproductive performance was not significantly affected. There was a substantial increase in milk production for all groups on turnout to grazing. This was greater for the L and M groups so that their summer milk production was almost equal to that of the H group. Cows from L and M groups gained more weight at pasture. By the end of the trials cows and calves from all treatments had similar weights except in experiment 3, when cows from the L and M treatments were still lighter than those from the H treatment.
The effect of daylength on the growth of lambs 4. Daylength extension to 20h under practical conditions
Authors: Jones R. , Forbes J. M. , Slade C. F. R. , Appleton M.
Published: September 2010

1. Four experiments were performed to study the effects on the growth of lambs of extending natural daylength to 20 h with dim artificial light, under management conditions similar to those on commercial farms.

2. Thirty-six female lambs aged 6 months were given a concentrate ration at a restricted level in groups of nine; there was significantly faster live-weight gain in the two groups that received extra light but no effect on carcass weight or linear measurements.

3. Forty-eight castrated male lambs were fed either ad libitum or at a restricted level on a concentrate diet; half were given additional light. Feeding ad libitum gave faster growth than restricted feeding but there were no significant effects of daylength.

4. One hundred and fourteen lambs of mixed sex were offered silage ad libitum plus one of three concentrate supplements at an average of 0·25 kg per head per day. Half were exposed to 20·h daylength from mid-October until slaughter in mid-January. There were no effects of light treatment on growth or carcass weights.

5. The fourth experiment was a repeat of the third and again there were no effects of extended daylength.

6. It is concluded that this method of controlling daylength is not appropriate for commercial use.
A note on the effect of monensin supplementation on growth and food utilization in young calves
Authors: Ben-Asher A. , Ilan D. , Levy M. , Holzer Z.
Published: September 2010

The effect of monensin supplementation on suckling male dairy calves was studied on a commercial farm. Twenty-eight calves were given monensin supplements from the age of 1 week and compared with a similar group not given monensin. During a 52-day suckling period, the supplemented calves gained 0·12 faster, with little difference in the conversion ratio of metabolizable energy into live weight. During the subsequent 42 days, there was no difference in daily gain, but the supplemented animals were 0·064 more efficient in the conversion of metabolizable energy into live weight.
Growth and estimated heat balance of pigs raised under different housing conditions during summer in southern australia
Authors: Stone B. A. , Heap P. A.
Published: September 2010

1. An experiment was carried out to describe growth rate, efficiency and thermal balance of pigs accommodated in three different housing conditions during summer in southern Australia.

2. Housed pigs grew at a similar rate to those in an outside pen with a wallow and shelter (418g/day compared with 404g/day respectively; P > 0·05), and both groups utilized food with similar efficiency (food conversion ratios of 3·07 and 3·14 respectively; P > 005). A group accommodated in an outside pen with a wallow but no shelter grew at a significantly slower rate (347g/day; Z <001) with a lower efficiency of food conversion (3·35; P < 005) than either of the other two groups. At slaughter, pigs housed outside without shelter showed a significantly higher dressing proportion (0·749; P < 005) and had less backfat (11·6mm; P < 0·05) than the inside group (0·723 and 13·4mm respectively).

3. Estimated heat storages at 12.00 h of pigs housed inside and outside without shelter were respectively, and approximately, 50 and 18·5 × greater than in those pigs housed outside with shelter.
The use of a danscanner ultrasonic machine to predict the body composition of Hereford bulls
Authors: Alliston J. C.
Published: September 2010

Ultrasonic measurements, using a Danscanner, were taken of the m longissimus dorsi and overlying fat at the 10th and 13th ribs, and 3rd lumbar vertebra, of 50 Hereford bulls with ages ranging from 400 to 600 days, just prior to slaughter and side dissection.

The analysis adjusted the data for live weight and day of slaughter, and the precision of carcass lean and fat prediction was examined. The standard deviations of total fat and lean in the carcass at constant live weight were 40 and 33 g/kg respectively.

The best single measurement of fat depth for predicting fat proportion was fat depth taken 125 mm from the midline at the 13th rib (residual s.d. = 21·8g/kg). The best combined predictors of both total fat and lean proportions in the side were fat depth 125 mm from the midline at the 13th rib, fat depth 75 mm from the midline at the 3rd lumbar vertebra, and fat area at the 10th and 13th ribs, and 3rd lumbar vertebra, with residual s.d. of 20·5 and 19·6 g/kg for fat and lean proportions respectively.

The results confirm that ultrasonic scanning is now able to give a useful indication of the body composition of live cattle.
Breed and environmental factors affecting the reconception of indigenous beef cows in Botswana
Authors: Buck N. G. , Light D.
Published: September 2010

The breeding records of 2710 lactating cows, of the Africander (1208), Tswana (542) and Tuli (960) breeds, were analysed to examine the effects of breed and environment on reconception. The reconception rate of Africander cows (0·56) was significantly lower than that of Tswana and Tuli cows (0·80 and 0·81 respectively) (P<0·01). The environmental effects of ranch, calving year, calving period and age/parity all had significant effects on reconception (P<0·01). Interactions between breed and the other main effects were all significant.

The Africander is considered to be a breed of lower fertility than the other two Sanga breeds, the Tswana and Tuli, in Botswana. The results are discussed with respect to determining management interventions to improve cow reproductive performance.
The electronic prediction of commercial yield and lean content in pig carcasses
Authors: Jones S. D. M. , Haworth C. R.
Published: September 2010

One hundred and fourteen pig carcasses were measured within 1 h of slaughter for fat thickness at three locations using the SFK Fat-O-Meater. The three fat thickness locations were the last rib and 3rd and 4th last ribs measured 70 mm from the dorsal mid-line over the m. longissimus, and the lumbar fat thickness which was recorded on the anterior face of the m. glutens medius on the dorsal mid-line of the split carcass. Lean depth measurements were also recorded at the last rib and 3rd and 4th last ribs for all carcasses. After overnight chilling the leanness of each carcass was estimated using an EMME SA-1 machine. The carcasses were then separated into the major tissues. The weight of trimmed North American commercial joints (standard of 6 mm subcutaneous fat) and their lean content were best predicted by half carcass weight (residual s.d. = 0·78 and 1·23 kg respectively), whereas the EMME machine readings alone had low precision (residual s.d. = 1·51 and 1·41 kg respectively). The proportion of North American commercial joints in a carcass and their lean content were best predicted by lumbar fat (residual s.d. = 16·5 and 25·8 g/kg). The digital readout of lean content provided by the EMME machine appeared to be more related to carcass weight than lean weight, as residual s.d. for regressions increased when the overall sample was divided into two weight classes. Multiple regression equations indicated that half carcass weight and fat thickness measurements gave the best precision to predict joint and lean weights, whereas fat thickness and lean depth measurements gave the best prediction of carcass joint and lean proportions.
Influence of nutrition on pre-partum plasma levels of progesterone and total oestrogens and post-partum plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in suckling cows
Authors: Gauthier D. , Terqui M. , Mauleon P.
Published: September 2010

Two groups of suckling Charolais cows were fed at different levels of nutrition from 70 days before the estimated date of calving until 45 days after calving, to study the effects of reduced dietary intake on pre-partum plasma levels of progesterone and total oestrogens (conjugated + unconjugated) and post-partum plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. Eight control cows received a ration containing the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique's recommendations for all nutrients, while 10 cows received a restricted diet which supplied approximately three-quarters of the recommended amounts for energy and nitrogen.

The mean weight of the two groups of cows was similar at the beginning of the experiment but the restricted group had a significantly lower weight just before calving than the control group (678 v. 766 kg; P < 0·05).

After calving, cows ont he low diet had a weight loss of 600 g/day, while those on the control diet gained 300 g/day. During the last 45 days of pregnancy underfeeding did not significantly affect oestrogen levels, but progesterone levels increased proportionally by 0·24 (P < 0·01).

During the first 45 days of lactation underfeeding decreased the number of cows showing oestrus (0/10 v. 4/8) and significantly decreased both luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels at 5, 15 and 30 days post partum.

Furthermore, the correlation between mean daily gain (0 to 45 days post partum) and luteinizing hormone concentration on day 30 was highly significant (r = 0·58; P < 0·01; no. = 19). These results suggest that the delay of the first post-partum ovulation in the underfed cow is due to low gonadotropin levels.