bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase I Study and Cell-Free DNA Analysis of T-DM1 and Metronomic Temozolomide for Secondary Prevention of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Jenkins Sarah , Zhang Wei , Steinberg Seth M. , Nousome Darryl , Houston Nicole , Wu Xiaolin , Armstrong Terri S. , Burton Eric , Smart Dee Dee , Shah Ritu , Peer Cody J. , Mozarsky Brett , Arisa Oluwatobi , Figg William D. , Mendoza Tito R. , Vera Elizabeth , Brastianos Priscilla , Carter Scott , Gilbert Mark R. , Anders Carey K. , Connolly Roisín M. , Tweed Carol , Smith Karen L. , Khan Imran , Lipkowitz Stanley , Steeg Patricia S. , Zimmer Alexandra S.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Preclinical data showed that prophylactic, low-dose temozolomide (TMZ) significantly prevented breast cancer brain metastasis. We present results of a phase I trial combining T-DM1 with TMZ for the prevention of additional brain metastases after previous occurrence and local treatment in patients with HER2+ breast cancer.

Patients and Methods:

Eligible patients had HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastases and were within 12 weeks of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery, and/or surgery. Standard doses of T-DM1 were administered intravenously every 21 days (3.6 mg/kg) and TMZ was given orally daily in a 3+3 phase I dose escalation design at 30, 40, or 50 mg/m2, continuously. DLT period was one 21-day cycle. Primary endpoint was safety and recommended phase II dose. Symptom questionnaires, brain MRI, and systemic CT scans were performed every 6 weeks. Cell-free DNA sequencing was performed on patients’ plasma and CSF.

Results:

Twelve women enrolled, nine (75%) with prior SRS therapy and three (25%) with prior WBRT. Grade 3 or 4 AEs included thrombocytopenia (1/12), neutropenia (1/12), lymphopenia (6/12), and decreased CD4 (6/12), requiring pentamidine for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis. No DLT was observed. Four patients on the highest TMZ dose underwent dose reductions. At trial entry, 6 of 12 patients had tumor mutations in CSF, indicating ongoing metastatic colonization despite a clear MRI. Median follow-up on study was 9.6 m (2.8–33.9); only 2 patients developed new parenchymal brain metastases. Tumor mutations varied with patient outcome.

Conclusions:

Metronomic TMZ in combination with standard dose T-DM1 shows low-grade toxicity and potential activity in secondary prevention of HER2+ brain metastases.
First-Time Use of the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Blood Filter in an Adolescent Patient with Severe COVID-19 Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Merrill Kyle A. , Krallman Kelli A. , Loeb Daniel , Standage Stephen W. , Mattoon Dawn , Shan Dandan , Goldstein Stuart L. , Schuh Meredith P.
Published: January 2023

The Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Blood Filter (Seraph® 100) is a hemoperfusion device designed to adsorb bacteria, viruses, and toxins when added to extracorporeal circuits. The FDA granted emergency use authorization in adults, but this device had never been utilized in children. A 17-year-old patient with asthma presented with respiratory distress due to COVID-19. His course was complicated by respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis, and stage 3 AKI requiring initiation of continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) on ICU day 3. The Seraph® 100 filter was added on ICU day 4. He was treated with 3 filters from ICU day 4 to 8. On ICU day 8, he was extubated and CKRT discontinued. He required no further kidney replacement therapy but did not have laboratory work post-discharge. In conclusion, this adolescent patient with COVID-19 and AKI requiring CKRT tolerated treatment with the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Blood Filter without significant adverse events.
Burden of Treatments for Respiratory Complications in Extremely Premature Infants: Interviews with Caregivers
Authors: Sarda Sujata P. , Vanya Magdalena , Schwartz Ethan J. , Sorrells Keira , Namba Fumihiko , Hirano Shinya , McNulty Alison , Han Linda , Mangili Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Extremely premature (EP) infants (<28 weeks gestational age) with respiratory conditions after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) impose a significant burden on caregivers. This study explored caregiver burden post-NICU discharge and perceptions of meaningful change in infant chronic respiratory morbidity. Methods: Adult primary caregivers of EP infants 3–14 months corrected age were recruited through patient advocacy organizations or hospital centers in the USA, Northern Ireland, Germany, and Japan and interviewed by phone. Interviews explored caregiver experiences with infants with respiratory conditions, associated treatment burden, and meaningful change in infant respiratory morbidity as measured by treatment use. Qualitative analysis of interview data was performed using MAXQDA software. Sociodemographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: Forty-five caregivers (95.6% female) of EP infants were interviewed. Respiratory morbidities post-NICU discharge included coughing (78%), breathing difficulties (76%), wheezing (58%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease of prematurity (56%). Respiratory medications were required by 87% of infants, 80% used home respiratory technology support (e.g., supplemental oxygen), 38% were re-hospitalized, and 33% had emergency department visits. Caregivers considered visits to the emergency department to be the most burdensome treatment requirement they experienced, and reduction in the number of emergency department visits was considered the most meaningful change in treatment use. Conclusion: These findings underscore the significant burden faced by caregivers of EP infants with respiratory morbidities. Development of treatments for respiratory complications should take into consideration the concerns and preferences of caregivers in order to provide a meaningful benefit.
A Patient with Transverse Colon Cancer Complicated by Cowden Syndrome Administered FOLFOXIRI + Bevacizumab Therapy
Authors: Takehara Kazuhiro , Ishizaki Yoichi , Nagakari Kunihiko , Ohuchi Masakazu , Fukunaga Masaki , Sakamoto Kazuhiro
Published: January 2023

Cowden syndrome is characterized by several clinical features related to tumorous lesions primarily consisting of systemic hamartomas. The mutation of a tumor suppressor gene, the PTEN gene, is etiologically involved. As gastrointestinal lesions, polyps of all digestive tracts involving the esophagus to rectum develop. In patients with Cowden syndrome, the risk of colorectal cancer may increase. However, the characteristics of colorectal cancer in these patients remain to be clarified and sufficient findings regarding chemotherapy have not been obtained. A 39-year-old man was treated with a colonic stent for colitis obstructive due to circumferential transverse colon carcinoma. After decompression, elective extended laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed. Preoperative systemic detailed examination revealed characteristic dermal/mucosal findings, polyposis of the upper digestive tract, and a thyroid tumor. On PTEN gene sequencing, a mutation was detected at codon 130 of exon 5, leading to a diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was performed for 6 months, but recurrent peritoneal dissemination was observed 1 month after its completion. FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab therapy was started. Transiently, a partial response was achieved in peritoneally disseminated nodes according to the RECIST. There was no increase in the volume of cancerous ascites. However, an increase in the volume of ascites and local relapse were noted at the completion of the tenth course. The regimen was switched to FOLFIRI + panitumumab, but peritoneal dissemination exacerbated and the patient died 18 months after surgery.
Impact of the National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance on Antibiotic Use for Mastitis Using a Japanese Nationwide Database
Authors: Konishi Takaaki , Fujiogi Michimasa , Sato Misuzu , Michihata Nobuaki , Matsui Hiroki , Nishioka Kotoe , Tanabe Masahiko , Seto Yasuyuki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland that mainly occurs during the lactation period and requires antibiotic treatment with little evidence for its efficacy. We investigated the effect of the National Action Plan for antimicrobial resistance aiming for appropriate antimicrobial stewardship on broad-spectrum antibiotics administration for mastitis despite the lack of a disease-specific antimicrobial agents manual. Methods: Using a large nationwide database, an interrupted time-series analysis was performed using data from 34,340 female patients who received antibiotics for mastitis between April 2012 and March 2020. This study compared the trend of outcomes before and after the publication date of the National Action Plan (April 2016). The outcomes were the proportion of broad-spectrum and first-choice narrow-spectrum antibiotic administration and surgical drainage within 30 days after the administration. Results: Broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered in 70% of the cases before and 67% of the cases after the National Action Plan publication date. The trend of broad-spectrum antibiotics administration significantly changed at the publication (−2.6% [95% confidence interval, −3.9% to −1.3%], p < 0.001) and the administration decreased after the publication (1.9% annual decrease, Ptrend < 0.001). The trend of first-choice antibiotics administration also changed at the publication (1.3% [0.1–2.4%], p = 0.028) and the administration increased after the publication (1.3% annual increase, Ptrend < 0.001). The occurrence of surgical drainage was stable during the study period. Conclusion: Despite the lack of a disease-specific antimicrobial manual, the publication of the National Action Plan improved antimicrobial stewardship for mastitis without any impact on a surgical treatment course.
In Vivo Dissection of Chamber-Selective Enhancers Reveals Estrogen-Related Receptor as a Regulator of Ventricular Cardiomyocyte Identity
Authors: Cao Yangpo , Zhang Xiaoran , Akerberg Brynn N. , Yuan Haiyun , Sakamoto Tomoya , Xiao Feng , VanDusen Nathan J. , Zhou Pingzhu , Sweat Mason E. , Wang Yi , Prondzynski Maksymilian , Chen Jian , Zhang Yan , Wang Peizhe , Kelly Daniel P. , Pu William T.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Cardiac chamber-selective transcriptional programs underpin the structural and functional differences between atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes (aCMs and vCMs). The mechanisms responsible for these chamber-selective transcriptional programs remain largely undefined.

Methods:

We nominated candidate chamber-selective enhancers (CSEs) by determining the genome-wide occupancy of 7 key cardiac transcription factors (GATA4, MEF2A, MEF2C, NKX2-5, SRF, TBX5, TEAD1) and transcriptional coactivator P300 in atria and ventricles. Candidate enhancers were tested using an adeno-associated virus–mediated massively parallel reporter assay. Chromatin features of CSEs were evaluated by performing assay of transposase accessible chromatin sequencing and acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27-HiChIP on aCMs and vCMs. CSE sequence requirements were determined by systematic tiling mutagenesis of 29 CSEs at 5 bp resolution. Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) function in cardiomyocytes was evaluated by Cre-loxP–mediated inactivation of ERRα and ERRγ in cardiomyocytes.

Results:

We identified 134 066 and 97 506 regions reproducibly occupied by at least 1 transcription factor or P300, in atria or ventricles, respectively. Enhancer activities of 2639 regions bound by transcription factors or P300 were tested in aCMs and vCMs by adeno-associated virus–mediated massively parallel reporter assay. This identified 1092 active enhancers in aCMs or vCMs. Several overlapped loci associated with cardiovascular disease through genome-wide association studies, and 229 exhibited chamber-selective activity in aCMs or vCMs. Many CSEs exhibited differential chromatin accessibility between aCMs and vCMs, and CSEs were enriched for aCM- or vCM-selective acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27–anchored loops. Tiling mutagenesis of 29 CSEs identified the binding motif of ERRα/γ as important for ventricular enhancer activity. The requirement of ERRα/γ to activate ventricular CSEs and promote vCM identity was confirmed by loss of the vCM gene profile in ERRα/γ knockout vCMs.

Conclusions:

We identified 229 CSEs that could be useful research tools or direct therapeutic gene expression. We showed that chamber-selective multi–transcription factor, P300 occupancy, open chromatin, and chromatin looping are predictive features of CSEs. We found that ERRα/γ are essential for maintenance of ventricular identity. Finally, our gene expression, epigenetic, 3-dimensional genome, and enhancer activity atlas provide key resources for future studies of chamber-selective gene regulation.
Towards Immersive Generosity: The Need for a Novel Framework to Explore Large Audiovisual Archives through Embodied Experiences in Immersive Environments
Authors: Alliata Giacomo , Kenderdine Sarah , Hibberd Lily , Mason Ingrid
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes an innovative framework to explore large audiovisual archives using Immersive Environments to place users inside a dataset and create an embodied experience. It starts by outlining the need for such a novel interface to meet the needs of archival scholars and the GLAM sector, and discusses issues in the current modes of access, mostly restrained to traditional information retrieval systems based on metadata. The paper presents the concept of “generous interfaces” as a preliminary approach to address these issues, and argues some of the key reasons why employing Immersive Visual Storytelling might benefit such frameworks. The theory of embodiment is leveraged to justify this claim, showing how a more embodied understanding of a collection can result in a stronger engagement for the public. By placing users as actors in the experience rather than mere spectators, the emergence of narrative is driven by their interactions, with benefits in terms of engagement with the public and understanding of the cultural component. The framework we propose is applied to two existing installations to analyze them in-depth and critique them, highlighting the key directions to pursue for further development.
Interdecadal Variations of the Scandinavian Pattern
Authors: Pang Bo , Scaife Adam A. , Lu Riyu , Ren Rongcai , Zhao Xiaoxuan
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the interdecadal variation of the Scandinavian (SCA) pattern and corresponding drivers during the boreal winter. It is found that the SCA pattern experiences a prominent regime shift from its negative to positive phase in the early 2000s based on several reanalyses. This interdecadal change contributes to an extensive cooling over Siberia after the early 2000s, revealing its importance for recent variations of climate over Eurasia. The outputs from 35 coupled models within phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are also analyzed. The results show that the interdecadal change of the SCA is weak in response to external forcings but can be largely explained by internal variability associated with a change of precipitation over the tropical Atlantic. Further analysis indicates that the enhanced tropical convection induces poleward propagation of Rossby waves and further results in an intensification of geopotential height over the Scandinavian Peninsula during the transition to positive SCA phases. These findings imply a contribution of tropical forcing to the observed interdecadal strengthening of the SCA around the early 2000s and offer an insight into the understanding of future climate change over the Eurasian continent.
Formulary Drug Reviews: Terlipressin
Authors: Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2023

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Managing the Drug-Drug Interaction With Apixaban and Primidone: A Case Report
Authors: Manis Melanie M. , Petersen Kat , Roberts Megan Z. , Kyle Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2023

The management of the drug-drug interaction (DDI) between primidone, a moderate to strong cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4 inducer, and apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and CYP3A4 substrate is complex and limited evidence exists to guide management. This case report describes a 65-year-old male, receiving primidone for essential tremor who developed an acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) requiring oral anticoagulation. DOACs are preferred over vitamin K antagonists for acute VTE treatment. Based on patient-specific variables, provider preference, and the avoidance of other DDIs, apixaban was selected. Apixaban’s package insert recommends avoiding use with concomitant strong P-gp and CYP3A4 inducers due to the decreased exposure to apixaban; however, no recommendations are available for drugs that are moderate to strong CYP3A4 inducers and lack P-gp effects. Given that phenobarbital is an active metabolite of primidone, extrapolation of evidence from such literature is theoretical but provides insight into the management of this multi-faceted DDI. In the absence of the ability to monitor plasma apixaban levels, a management strategy of avoidance with a washout period of primidone based on pharmacokinetic parameters was used in this case. Additional evidence is needed to clearly understand the degree of impact and clinical significance of the DDI between apixaban and primidone.
Indigenization–internationalization debate and Bangladesh strategies in international social work and women’s development
Authors: Parveen Syeda Sultana , Choudhury Mohammad Sadiqunnabi
Published: January 2023

This article examines the position of Bangladesh in the field of international social work with women. It explores the country’s women’s development initiatives in the context of the global debate over indigenization, universalization and imperialism. To identify the strategic position, the article examines the literature on social work, the evolution of social work and the web contents of some development agencies in Bangladesh. The findings reveal that Bangladesh follows a process of reconciliation in the indigenization–internationalization dispute by employing both top-down (think globally, act locally) and bottom-up (act locally, proceed globally) approaches to international social work and women’s development.
Mathematical model of multisegment balloons in ring spinning
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Zhang Junping , He Shiqun , Feng Pei , Yang Chongchang
Published: January 2023

High-speed ring spinning is limited by issues such as yarn quality and yarn breakage, and the spinning tension significantly affects yarn breakage and winding speed. The shape of the balloon in ring spinning is closely related to the distribution of tension within the yarn. In this study, a force analysis of the balloon yarn was conducted focusing on the balloon section during ring spinning, and a mathematical model of the balloon was established. The model included factors such as the centrifugal force, Coriolis force, and the air resistance of the yarn. Suitable parameters were then selected to extract the balloon trajectory curve and compare it with simulations to validate the model. The model was used to analyze the effects of balloon speed, yarn linear density, balloon bottom radius, balloon height, and yarn tension at the top of the balloon on the yarn tension at the bottom of the balloon, and the overall shape of the balloon. The balloon model established in this study could also be used for the study of balloon yarn tension in other processes. The effects of the main parameters influencing the yarn tension of the multi-balloon can provide a theoretical reference for enhancing the design of high-speed ring spinning.
Challenges and Needs of HPV-Positive Women
Authors: Galeshi Mina , Shirafkan Hoda , Yazdani Shahla , Motaghi Zahra
Published: January 2023

HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases causing a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from warts to cancer. This study aimed to examine the challenges and needs of HPV-positive women. In this qualitative study, we analyzed data extracted from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 31 Iranian HPV-positive women using a conventional content analysis approach using MAXQDA.10 software. Data were collected from her at the women’s clinic from 21 January 2022 to her 19 February 2022. The sampling process was purposeful, and the accuracy of this study was ensured according to her 4 criteria suggested by Guba and Lincoln. Four themes were identified from the interviewing of HPV-positive women that include: Needing support and counseling to adapt to the disease, needing counseling and training to improve the disease, needing a qualified health care provider, needing proper health care services. HPV-positive women had many adverse such as reproductive health challenges (Menstruation cycle, delivery type, fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding), low control, confusion, cancer-related concerns, relationship problems, sexual concerns, uncertainty, stigma, low trust, social impact, non-disclosure of results, idiosyncratic prevention, indirect clinical interaction, changes in sexual behavior. HPV-positive women face many challenges and seek information to address them. Therefore, at the primary level, providers need to be aware of the needs of these patients needs in order to make the necessary consultations.
How Do Voice Characteristics Affect Tourism Interpretation Purchases? An Empirical Study Based on Voice Mining
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Yang , Wang Xuequn , Zheng Qingyan , Peng Rong
Published: January 2023

This study investigates how voice characteristics (i.e., speech rate, loudness, pitch) affect interpretation purchases in digital interpretation platforms through the lenses of signaling theory and nonverbal communication. Based on auditory and transactional data from a leading digital interpretation platform in China, this study uses voice mining techniques to extract voice characteristics and examine their effects on interpretation purchases. Findings demonstrate the significant positive effects of speech rate and the significant inverted U-effects of loudness and pitch on interpretation purchases. This study thus extends tourism interpretation research focused on traditional forms to digital interpretation platforms and provides empirical evidence that nonverbal signals (voice characteristics) matter in tourism interpretation purchases. Findings also offer practical implications for tourism interpretation innovation and platform operation.
Military Service and Health Outcomes of the Elderly in China
Authors: Zhao Chunkai , Guo Jianhao , Yan Jinchen
Published: January 2023

This article investigated the effects and mechanisms of military service on health outcomes of Chinese elderly men aged 60 and older. While numerous studies explored the effect of military service on health in developed countries, we still knew little about the relationship between military service and later health outcomes in developing countries such as China. Using the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we found that military service is positively associated with better health outcomes of the elderly, in terms of physical health, cognitive abilities, and self-rated health. In addition, results of mechanism analysis show that, compared with nonveterans, elderly veterans had healthier habits, better education, higher individual and household income, and more favorable social medical security.Moreover, heterogeneity analysis indicates that this effect is more pronounced for older, rural, and spouseless elderly people. This article provided insights into elderly veterans’ health security measures in developing countries.
Modeling and identification for practical nonlinear process using neural fuzzy network–based Hammerstein system
Authors: Li Feng , Zheng Tian , Cao Qingfeng
Published: January 2023

To address the strong nonlinearity and unknown disturbance in practical nonlinear process, an identification scheme of neural fuzzy network (NFN)–based Hammerstein nonlinear system using multi-signals is developed in this paper. The proposed Hammerstein system has a static nonlinear subsystem approximated by NFN and a dynamic linear subsystem described by autoregressive exogenous system (ARX). First, the nonlinear subsystem and the linear subsystem are separated and identified by the designed multi-signals, and then parameters of the linear subsystem and noise model are identified simultaneously by making use of recursive extended least squares approach, which is effective for compensating the error caused by output noise. Furthermore, in order to cope with unmeasurable variable issue of the identified system, auxiliary model technology is developed, and the nonlinear subsystem parameters are estimated by applying derived auxiliary model recursive extended least squares approach. Experimental results of three typical nonlinear processes verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain higher identification accuracy than other optimization algorithms.
Observer-based integral controller using composite nonlinear feedback for saturated control systems
Authors: Ghaffari Valiollah , Vazani Ali
Published: January 2023

Usually, simultaneous improvement of the transient performance and static accuracy is a challenging issue in saturated control systems. Employing an observer and the concept of composite nonlinear feedback, an integral controller is developed for constrained continuous-time systems. To achieve the control goal in the regulation purpose, a linear model is first derived by linearization about the operating point. Some parameters of the integral control are adjusted via the feedback passivation idea. The integral control law would be presented when a passivity condition is satisfied. Adding suitable damping terms to the existing one, the final controller is modified to enhance the response quality of the closed-loop system. The obtained results are evaluated in some numerical real examples. Although such a control method uses linearization, the outcomes of simulations, as well as the calculated performance indexes, discover the efficiency of the designed control system over the comparable ones.
Prospective Teachers’ Beliefs About Human Intelligence in a Turkish Sample
Authors: Kaya Fatih , Kaya M. Talha , Kaya Sumeyye
Published: January 2023

Research consistently reports a moderate to a strong relationship between intelligence and academic performance. For about a century, the concept of intelligence has often been used in the definition of giftedness and the identification of gifted students along with other data sources, although some experts are against it. An understanding of prospective teachers' beliefs about intelligence is important to unearth how they perceive intelligence and giftedness. We replicated Warne and Burton's (2020) study with 157 prospective Turkish teachers. They were selected using an online convenience sampling method from various departments of a faculty of education. Of the participants, 72.6% were female and 27.4% were male. We adapted Warne and Burton’s (2020) survey, translating it to Turkish and administered it online to understand the prospective teachers’ beliefs about intelligence as well as to examine if these beliefs differ across cultures. We found that the prospective teachers’ understanding was mostly in line with the original study as well as the mainstream views of intelligence. We also found similar results to the original study, regarding the components of intelligence. Like the original study, the Turkish sample showed an understanding of the relationship between education and intelligence; however, the items about biological and genetic influences on intelligence, the plausible causes of group differences, the life outcomes of intelligence, and a cross-cultural comparison of intelligence had a low response uniformity in both studies. Similar findings across samples may be attributed to common, popular views as well as similar textbooks or other resources used in both cultures. The samples (e.g., educational level and age) may be partially responsible for the differences in the findings across both cultures.
Let’s Talk, Honey: An Analysis of Associations Between Communication Patterns and Dyadic Adjustment in Married Couples
Authors: Karakose Selin , Ledermann Thomas
Published: January 2023

Good communication is an integral part of successful intimate relationships. The present study examined the factor structure of the Communication Pattern Questionnaire-Short Form (CPQ-SF) and the dyadic associations between communication patterns and dyadic adjustment in a sample of 162 married couples from Turkey (mean age = 39.09 years). Psychometric analyses support that the Turkish version of the Communication Patterns Questionnaire with 7 items (the CPQ-TR-7) is a reliable measure to assess partners’ communication patterns in the form of positive interactions, self-demand, and self-withdraw. Actor-Partner Interdependence Model analysis revealed that husbands’ and wives’ positive interactions were positively associated with their own as well as their partners’ dyadic adjustment, the more husbands’ and wives’ withdraw, the lower their own dyadic adjustment, and the more wives demand, the lower their own dyadic adjustment.
Alpha-adrenergic receptor activation after fetal hypoxia-ischaemia suppresses transient epileptiform activity and limits loss of oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons
Authors: Dhillon Simerdeep K , Gunn Eleanor R , Pedersen Mette V , Lear Christopher A , Wassink Guido , Davidson Joanne O , Gunn Alistair J , Bennet Laura
Published: January 2023

Exposure to hypoxic-ischaemia (HI) is consistently followed by a delayed fall in cerebral perfusion. In preterm fetal sheep this is associated with impaired cerebral oxygenation, consistent with mismatch between perfusion and metabolism. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that alpha-adrenergic inhibition after HI would improve cerebral perfusion, and so attenuate mismatch and reduce neural injury. Chronically instrumented preterm (0.7 gestation) fetal sheep received sham-HI (n = 10) or HI induced by complete umbilical cord occlusion for 25 minutes. From 15 minutes to 8 hours after HI, fetuses received either an intravenous infusion of a non-selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (10 mg bolus, 10 mg/h infusion, n = 10), or saline (n = 10). Fetal brains were processed for histology 72 hours post-HI. Phentolamine infusion was associated with increased epileptiform transient activity and a greater fall in cerebral oxygenation in the early post-HI recovery phase. Histologically, phentolamine was associated with greater loss of oligodendrocytes and hippocampal neurons. In summary, contrary to our hypothesis, alpha-adrenergic inhibition increased epileptiform transient activity with an exaggerated fall in cerebral oxygenation, and increased neural injury, suggesting that alpha-adrenergic receptor activation after HI is an important endogenous neuroprotective mechanism.
Circular solar: Evaluating the profitability of a photovoltaic panel recycling plant
Authors: D’Adamo Idiano , Ferella Francesco , Gastaldi Massimo , Ippolito Nicolò M , Rosa Paolo
Published: January 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) panels have a crucial role in coping with the global warming mitigation and the energetic crisis currently affecting the European Community. However, from the circular perspective of end-of-life (EoL) management, there are still big issues to be solved in order to recover materials from this kind of e-wastes. Because of several reasons (e.g. type of embedded materials, illegal shipments, location of manufacturers) EoL businesses do not have the interest in approaching them. This poses a significant environmental concern in terms of their management. This work wants to assess the profitability of a specific PV module recycling plant, by evaluating several market contexts in which multiple scenarios of material price, investment and process costs will be considered. The results for a 3000 tonnes plant show that profitability is not verified in the absence of an avoided landfill cost. Instead, when a value of 200 €/tonnes is applied, the net present value is positive in 35.2% of the scenarios and at 87.6% when a value of 350 €/tonnes is considered. The policy choice of this value requires linking the PV module disposal fee to the circular benefits associated with its recovery.
The Dualisation of Teacher Labour Markets, Employment Trajectories and the State in France
Authors: Bertron Caroline , Vélu Anne-Elise , Buisson-Fenet Hélène , Dumay Xavier
Published: January 2023

In a context of growing dualisation of the workforce that in France takes the form of a ‘contractual dualism’, this article analyses the mechanisms supporting the resort to contract observed in the public teaching sector otherwise modelled on (statutory, long-term) civil service. It departs from analyses mainly focused on the institutional variations of dualism and their outputs, and contributes to the literature on labour market segmentations by adopting an analysis of workers’ experiences and professional trajectories. Findings reveal that contract teachers receive little support from the state to secure their careers and develop professionally, but nonetheless commit to their careers despite the differential in employment and work conditions, which they seemingly consider as acceptable comparatively with their previous work and employment conditions, and given their social origins and aspirations. Analyses thus bring forth new evidence of intersections between institutionalised forms of dualism, social reproduction and the employment trajectories of individuals.
Research on the sealing performance of a seawater stop valve considering roundness error used in an 11000-m manned submersible
Authors: Wang Zhenyao , Liu Yinshui , Li Chao , Deng Yipan , Cheng Qian , Liu Yong , Wu Defa
Published: January 2023

The sealing performance is a critical characteristic of the stop valve used in an 11000-m manned submersible, while it is a challenge when the pressure difference at the valve port reaches 120 MPa. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effect of surface microtopography, such as the surface roughness, on sealing performance. They believed that rougher surfaces will result in more severe leaks. However, in the sealing experiments of two stop valves with different materials and surface roughness in this paper, the relationship between surface roughness and sealing performance is inconsistent with existing research. There should be another factor that affects the sealing performance of the stop valves more strongly. So a new sealing principle considering the roundness error is proposed. The sealing force, which is determined by the environmental pressure, creates radial deformation on the valve port. The radial deformation of the valve seat is analyzed by a validated finite element analysis (FEA) at various environmental pressures. Then the critical environmental pressure at which the leak stops is obtained when the radial deformation is greater than the roundness error, which is measured. The results show that the critical environmental pressure obtained by FEA is very close to that obtained by experiment. So the consideration of the roundness error of the valve seat is accurate and helpful to the research on the sealing performance of the ultra-high pressure stop valves, and the sealing performance of the ultra-high pressure stop valve can be easily evaluated by FEA.
Vibration characteristics of rotor system with disk-shaft clearance-eccentric coupling faults
Authors: Li Zhinong , Qiao Fang , Ma Xingfu , Li Yunlong , Wang Fei
Published: January 2023

Clearance between the disk and shaft can lead to the aggravation of the system fault. To solve this problem, a disk-shaft dynamic model with the clearance-eccentric coupling faults is established by the finite element method. Based upon the model, the dynamic characteristics of the system with different influence factors such as clearance and rotating speed are acquired by comprehensive analysis. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the dynamic model is verified by experiment investigations. The results show that frequency components in the spectrum include the shaft’s rotating frequency and high frequency multiplication components. And the sawtooth phenomenon from the trajectory diagram of disk center can be observed. With the increase of rotating speed, the disk-shaft contact stress and strain energy first decrease and then increase, while the speed difference of disk to shaft and vibration amplitude increase, and the number of high frequency multiplication components in the spectrum decreases gradually. Furthermore, with the increase of clearance, the stable values of the disk-shaft contact stress and strain energy decrease, while the vibration amplitude, the number of high frequency multiplication components and speed difference increase gradually, and the trajectory shape of disk center changes from closed circle to hollow ring.
Nurses' professional commitment in COVID-19 crisis: A qualitative study
Authors: Momeni Maryam , Khatooni Marzieh
Published: January 2023

Background: Professional commitment is an important factor in employee performance. COVID-19 outbreak has seriously affected the nurses working conditions. Numerous factors can affect nurses' professional commitment in this situation.

Aim: To explore the nurses' lived experiences, attitudes, views and perceptions toward professional commitment and factors affecting it in the Covid-19 crisis.

Method, Setting and Participants: This qualitative study was conducted using phenomenological approach and content analysis method. Twenty-five nurses were interviewed using semi structured in-depth interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze collected data.

Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

Results: Five themes were extracted as follows: “Collaborative empathetic commitment”, “Loyal commitment”, “Sacrificial commitment”, “Commitment with doubt and concern” and “humanistic commitment”.

Discussion and Conclusion: The Covid-19 crisis has caused major changes in nurses' working conditions, which have also affected the concept of professional commitment to the nursing profession and revealed new concepts. Identifying internal and external factors that can enhance nurses' commitment to the profession in critical situations such as the Covid-19 outback is of particular importance.
Estimation of moral distress among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , Jafari Elahe , Lin Chung-Ying , Rajabi Raheleh , Marznaki Zohreh Hosseini , Soodmand Mostafa , Potenza Marc N , Pakpour Amir H
Published: January 2023

Background

Moral distress is a common challenge among professional nurses when caring for their patients, especially when they need to make rapid decisions. Therefore, leaving moral distress unconsidered may jeopardize patient quality of care, safety, and satisfaction.

Aim

To estimate moral distress among nurses.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted systematic search in Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ISI Web of Knowledge, and PsycInfo up to end of February 2022. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa checklist. Data from included studies were pooled by meta-analysis with random effect model in STATA software version 14. The selected key measure was mean score of moral distress total score with its’ 95% Confidence Interval was reported. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to identify possible sources of heterogeneity and potentially influencing variables on moral distress. Funnel plots and Begg’s Tests were used to assess publication bias. The Jackknife method was used for sensitivity analysis.

Ethical consideration

The protocol of this project was registered in the PROSPERO database under decree code of CRD42021267773.

Results

Eighty-six manuscripts with 19,537 participants from 21 countries were included. The pooled estimated mean score of moral distress was 2.55 on a 0–10 scale [95% Confidence Interval: 2.27–2.84, I2: 98.4%, Tau2:0.94]. Publication bias and small study effect was ruled out. Moral distress significantly decreased in the COVID-19 pandemic versus before. Nurses working in developing countries experienced higher level of moral distress compared to their counterparts in developed countries. Nurses' workplace (e.g., hospital ward) was not linked to severity of moral disturbance.

Conclusion

The results of the study showed a low level of pooled estimated score for moral distress. Although the score of moral distress was not high, nurses working in developing countries reported higher levels of moral distress than those working in developed countries. Therefore, it is necessary that future studies focus on creating a supportive environment in hospitals and medical centers for nurses to reduce moral distress and improve healthcare.
Reversible shape morphing of a neutrally stable shell by untethered local activation of embedded Ni-Ti wires
Authors: van der Lans Daan , Amoozandeh Nobaveh Ali , Radaelli Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a novel shape morphing concept, which exploits neutral stability to achieve reversible shape morphing. The concept is based on actively changing the material stiffness on a local level in order to perturb the neutral stability and thus induce the shell to deform. This concept is realized by embedding Ni-Ti wires in a neutrally stable shell. These wires undergo a significant increase in stiffness upon being heated beyond their Austenite transition temperature. The wires are locally heated by forced convection. The results show that the shape of the shell can be controlled freely along the neutrally stable elastic deformation path by changing the location of the heat stimulus. In contrast to existing shape morphing structures, the presented structure is capable of fully reversible (two-way) shape morphing, while also preserving its shape after removing the stimulus. This allows for positioning without continuous actuation. The shell achieves a significant range of motion and, since the elastic deformation reaction forces do not need to be overcome, it is capable of generating actuation force. Since the actuation concept does not require a complex patterning of active materials to achieve the desired deformation, it can potentially also be applied to other neutrally stable structures.
Analysis of electret-based vibration energy harvesting devices with curved-beam hinges
Authors: Hah Dooyoung
Published: January 2023

Recently, vibration energy harvesting devices have gained growing interests. One of the main requirements for them is a broad bandwidth owing to stochastic spectral characteristics of the general vibration sources. Among various approaches for wide bandwidth, curved-beam hinges are quite attractive due to their simple structures. Although there have been several reports on curved beams, a more detailed study is needed. The device under study is an electret-based one with balanced comb-drive configuration. The whole system is modeled by using nonlinear stochastic differential equations. The numerical analysis results show that there is an optimum curve height for maximum power output, which depends on various conditions, such as external vibration strength, comb-drive dimensions, and initial electret charges. At the external acceleration magnitude of 0.02 g and 0.05 g, the device with curved beams can produce up to 2.9 times and 4.8 times higher power output, respectively, than one with straight beams for given device geometries. To the contrary, at lower and higher vibration magnitudes, straight-beam devices harvest more energy than curved-beam ones. Therefore, it can be concluded that the curved beam height needs to be carefully determined based on the conditions of the application, especially on the characteristics of the external vibration sources.
What are the Challenges and Resilience Resources Identified by Informal Carers During the First UK COVID-19 Lockdown? A Longitudinal Qualitative Study Using Naturalistic Data
Authors: Donnellan Warren J. , Sepulveda Garcia Lily , Gibson Sarah M. , Butcher Paige , Lariviere Matthew J.
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 has posed serious challenges for informal carers living in the UK. This article examines some of the specific challenges facing carers and the resources they used to manage them throughout the first UK lockdown. We used a framework approach to analyse naturalistic, longitudinal data from 30 carers taking part in 96 of Mobilise’s daily Virtual Cuppas between March and July 2020. We found that lack of information and social restrictions cumulatively impacted carers’ sense of certainty, control and motivation. This took an emotional toll on the carers, leading to exhaustion and burden. However, carers quickly established new routines and used humour and self-care to actively manage their wellbeing. Carers received support but also provided it to those in need, including fellow members of the caregiving community, supporting an ecological approach to carer resilience. Our findings may be used to anticipate challenges and promote protective resilience resources in future lockdowns.
Emulsion filled gel with oleogels as oil fraction to enhance nutritional properties of baked products (muffins)
Authors: Totosaus Alfonso , Santos-Atenco Edith , Meza-Márquez Ofelia G , Rodríguez-Huezo María E , Güemes-Vera Norma
Published: January 2023

In baked products, such as muffins, the fat reduction to decrease the caloric content is important without detrimental effects on product quality. Among the fat replacers, emulsion-filled gels imply lower fat depending on the oil fraction. The objective of this work was to replace soybean oil in muffins formulation with two different emulsion-filled gels, containing candelilla wax oleogel or ethylcellulose oleogel as oil fraction, to enhance nutritional quality. Colour, texture, crumb quality, moisture, fat, and protein were analysed. Emulsion-filled gels samples resulted in a darker colour, and a more hard and resilient texture, as a reflection of lower cells number developed in crumbs during baking; but there was a lower fat and an increase in protein content. Emulsion-filled gels with candelilla wax as oil fraction are a alternative to decrease caloric content without compromising the energetic values of the foods.