bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraosseous lipoma of the mandibula: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Waśkowska Jadwiga , Wójcik Sylwia , Koszowski Rafał , Drozdzowska Bogna
Published: March 2017

Lipoma is a benign tumour originating from mature adipose tissue. It can occur in any place in the body where adipose tissue is located. Intraosseous lipoma is a very rare bone tumour. The authors present an infrequent case involving intraosseous lipoma of the mandible in a 32-year old man and provide a review of case studies documented earlier in the literature.
Synthesis, crystal structure and biological activities of a Ag(I) complex based on the V-shaped ligand 1,3-bis(1-benzylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thiapropane
Authors: Tang Xia , Mao Shanshan , Shi Xinkui , Shen Kesheng , Wu Huilu
Published: March 2017

A new silver(I) complex with 1,3-bis(1-benzylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thiapropane (bbbt) and crotonate ligands, with composition [Ag(bbbt)(crotonate)]·CH3CH2OH, has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the coordination environment of the silver(I) center can be described as a distorted tetrahedral geometry, the Ag(I) atom being coordinated by two oxygen atoms from a crotonate anion and two nitrogen atoms from a bbbt ligand. Experimental studies of the DNA-binding properties indicated that the free ligand and the silver(I) complex bind to DNA by intercalation, and the order of the binding affinity is silver(I) complex>free bbbt ligand. The Ag(I) complex exhibits scavenger properties for hydroxyl radicals in in vitro studies.
Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dubowy Christine , Sehgal Amita
Published: March 2017

The advantages of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including low genetic redundancy, functional simplicity, and the ability to conduct large-scale genetic screens, have been essential for understanding the molecular nature of circadian (∼24 hr) rhythms, and continue to be valuable in discovering novel regulators of circadian rhythms and sleep. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of these interrelated biological processes in Drosophila and the wider implications of this research. Clock genes period and timeless were first discovered in large-scale Drosophila genetic screens developed in the 1970s. Feedback of period and timeless on their own transcription forms the core of the molecular clock, and accurately timed expression, localization, post-transcriptional modification, and function of these genes is thought to be critical for maintaining the circadian cycle. Regulators, including several phosphatases and kinases, act on different steps of this feedback loop to ensure strong and accurately timed rhythms. Approximately 150 neurons in the fly brain that contain the core components of the molecular clock act together to translate this intracellular cycling into rhythmic behavior. We discuss how different groups of clock neurons serve different functions in allowing clocks to entrain to environmental cues, driving behavioral outputs at different times of day, and allowing flexible behavioral responses in different environmental conditions. The neuropeptide PDF provides an important signal thought to synchronize clock neurons, although the details of how PDF accomplishes this function are still being explored. Secreted signals from clock neurons also influence rhythms in other tissues. SLEEP is, in part, regulated by the circadian clock, which ensures appropriate timing of sleep, but the amount and quality of sleep are also determined by other mechanisms that ensure a homeostatic balance between sleep and wake. Flies have been useful for identifying a large set of genes, molecules, and neuroanatomic loci important for regulating sleep amount. Conserved aspects of sleep regulation in flies and mammals include wake-promoting roles for catecholamine neurotransmitters and involvement of hypothalamus-like regions, although other neuroanatomic regions implicated in sleep in flies have less clear parallels. Sleep is also subject to regulation by factors such as food availability, stress, and social environment. We are beginning to understand how the identified molecules and neurons interact with each other, and with the environment, to regulate sleep. Drosophila researchers can also take advantage of increasing mechanistic understanding of other behaviors, such as learning and memory, courtship, and aggression, to understand how sleep loss impacts these behaviors. Flies thus remain a valuable tool for both discovery of novel molecules and deep mechanistic understanding of sleep and circadian rhythms.
Compreensão de leitura: habilidades cognitivas e tipos de texto
Authors: Coelho Carmen Lucia Gobel , Correa Jane
Published: March 2017

Investigações acerca da compreensão de leitura vêm permitindo ampliar o conhecimento na área da leitura, demonstrando a contribuição de diversas habilidades metalinguísticas e cognitivas para seu desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou examinar quais habilidades metalinguísticas e cognitivas, avaliadas no início do ano letivo do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental, poderiam ser associadas ao desenvolvimento da compreensão de leitura ao final do ano escolar, assim como a possível variação entre essas habilidades conforme a tipologia textual empregada. Foi avaliada a compreensão de leitura, nos tipos textuais narrativo e expositivo, e as seguintes habilidades: nomeação automatizada rápida, consciência fonológica no nível fonêmico, memória de trabalho, a habilidade verbal, vocabulário, consciência morfológica, precisão de leitura e de monitoramento da compreensão. Os resultados encontrados revelaram que a consciência fonêmica, a nomeação seriada rápida para objetos e o monitoramento contribuíram para a compreensão de leitura nos dois tipos de texto.
Bullying and behavior problems reported by victims and teachers: brazilian findings
Authors: Alckmin-Carvaho Felipe , Rafihi-Ferreira Renatha El Rafihi-Ferreira El , Melo Marcia Helena Da Silva
Published: March 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de bullying em uma escola pública brasileira e comparar os problemas de comportamento relatados por vítimas ao informado por seus professores. A Escala de Violência Escolar foi utilizada para identificar os alunos vitimas de bullying. Para avaliar problemas comportamentais foram utilizados o Youth Self Report e o Teacher Report Form. Dos 154 adolescentes avaliados, 30 (19,4%) foram identificadas como alvos de bullying, (M idade=12,4 anos, DP=0,7), sendo 24 meninos (80%). Desses, 16 (53,3%) atingiram níveis clínicos de problemas internalizantes, 11(36,6%) de externalizantes e 13 (43,3%) de problemas totais. Esta sub-amostra relatou mais problemas de internalização (F=13,40,  p<0,001) e menos problemas de externalização (F=6,63, p<0,01) em comparação ao reportado pelos professores. A alta frequência de vítimas de bullying e os elevados escores de problemas internalizantes e externalizantes nessa sub-amostra apontam para a urgência de prevenir o bullying e tratar as vítimas.
Programa Multissensorial/Fônico: efeitos em pré-escolares em risco de apresentarem dificuldades de alfabetização
Authors: Moreschi Mariana Dos santos Moretto , Barrera Sylvia Domingos
Published: March 2017

Este estudo avalia os resultados de um programa multissensorial com ênfase fônica sobre o desempenho em consciência fonológica (CF), conhecimentode letras (CL) e habilidades iniciais de leitura e escrita em pré-escolares. Participaram do estudo 36 alunos de uma Pré-escola Municipal, com idade média de 5,5 anos. O delineamento consistiu em Pré-teste, Intervenção e Pós-testes 1 e 2. As crianças que, no Pré-teste, obtiveram resultados inferiores nas provas de CL e/ou CF foram consideradas em risco para apresentar dificuldades na alfabetização. Habilidades de leitura e escrita também foram mensuradas. Os participantes foram distribuídos, aleatoriamente, em Grupo Multissensorial (GM) e Grupo Controle (GC). O GM participou de três sessões de intervenção semanais, durante quatro meses, totalizando 48 sessões. O GC realizou atividades alternativas. Os resultados indicam efeitos significativos da intervenção para as crianças do grupo de risco, para todas as habilidades avaliadas, sugerindo a eficácia do programa para prevenir dificuldades na alfabetização.
Association study of the FTO gene polymorphisms with the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in a sample of Iranian population
Authors: Naderi Mohammad , Hashemi Mohammad , Dejkam Nahid , Bahari Gholamreza , Rezaei Maryam , Taheri Mohsen
Published: March 2017

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to find out the impact of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a sample of Iranian population.

Methods:

This case-control study was carried out on a total of 354 subjects including 185 PTB patients and 169 healthy subjects. Genotyping of FTO rs9939609 and rs8050136 variants was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results:

FTO rs9939609 variant showed no statistically significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between PTB patients and controls. The rs8050136 polymorphism marginally increased the risk of PTB in dominant (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.00–2.33, p = 0.055, CA+AA vs. CC) inheritance model tested, where rs8050136 A allele significantly increased the risk of PTB (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.02–1.97, p = 0.045) compared with C allele.

Conclusion:

The finding of the present study showed an association between FTO rs9939609 variant and risk of PTB. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities are necessary to confirm the findings.
Prinsip Ikrâm al-Muslim Gerakan Dakwah Jamaah Tabligh dalam Membangun Masyarakat Religius di Temboro Magetan
Authors: Yusuf Moh
Published: March 2017

This article explores the Da‘wah Movement of Jamaah Tabligh in building religious community in Temboro Magetan. One one of the main teachings is the principle of ikrâm al-Muslim (honoring and respecting every Muslim). The principle makes the missionary movement acceptable to the Muslim community widely. This principle is really important for the creation of the unity of the Muslims in the name of ukhuwwah Islâmîyah (Islamic brotherhood). This principle prohibits a believer to guestion the religious stream, political choice, position, and social status and background of the individual community of individual Muslims. The principle eventually enables the tabligh community to adapt to different environments and preaching fileds in building religious community. Initially, people did not respond the tabligh mission in Temboro, but it did not dampen the spirit of tablighis to preach. They remain persistent and patient in fighting for the truth of Islam. Their goal is to liven the passion of high religiosity.
Feminisme Kisah Maryam dalam al-Qur’ân dan Rekonstruksi Pemahaman Gender Perspektif Pragmatik
Authors: Fathurrosyid Fathurrosyid
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the story of Maryam in the Qur’ân with a pragmatic approach. This is because Maryam is textually a phenomenal figure, she even overcomes the social status of women such as ‘Âishah and Fâtimah, so the name is documented in a special chapter popularly known as Surat Maryam. The article concludes that the construction of the theory of pragmatics against the Qur’ân is a discipline that examines the Qur’ân from the perspective of the relationship between linguistic context that is both dyadic and non-linguistic context that is triadic. The form of feminism is the story of Mary in the perspective of speech acts and implicatures in pragmatic approach of the Qur’ân that includes access to voice disappointment and resistance against misogynistic traditions contained in Q.S. Âli ‘Imrân [03]: 36, gets access to educational rights contained in Q.S. Âli ‘Imrân [03]: 37, access to implement spiritual teachings in public areas in Q.S. Âli ‘Imrân [03]: 43, access to performs an injunction against the practice of sexual harassment in Q.S. Maryam [19]: 18 and a mother’s responsibility to provide security and comfort for the baby, so that the baby did not die of starvation due to malnutrition he suffered.
Pilihan Rasional Kiai dan Desain Pendidikan Toleransi di Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng dan Nurul Jadid
Authors: Mursyid Mursyid
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the role of kyai and the learning design used in educating tolerance in two pesantrens, namely Pesantren Tebuireng of Jombang and Pesantren Nurul Jadid Probolinggo. The two pesantrens educate their students to internalize and actualize tolerant value and attitude. However, the value of tolerance is not taught formally like other subjects, but rather developed through informal learning and examplary model by the kyais in both pesantrens. As the kyais in both pesantrens have inclusive views and tolerant attitudes in the context of pluralistic society, the students learn from their tolerant views and attitudes, and adopt this value in their daily activities. Using Coleman’s rational choice theory, it can be argued that the kyais of both pesantrens have consciously adopted the value of tolerance as one of the important instructional values. Therefore, it can be concluded that pesantren is the place of seeding the values of tolerance, while the learning design used by pesantrens can be called “tolerance exhibition model”.
UPAYA KEPALA SEKOLAH SEBAGAI INOVATOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJANYA DI SD TARBIYATUL ATHFAL
Authors: Zahroh Lailatu
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab beberapa permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di SD Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya?, (2) Apa faktor pendukung  upaya  kepala sekolah sebagai inovator meningkatkan kinerjanya di SD Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya?, (3) Apa faktor penghambat upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator meningkatkan kinerjanya di SD Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya? Permasalahan diatas dijawab melalui kajian penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data: obeservasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1. Upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di Sekolah Dasar Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya, yaitu: a. Mengikutsertakan para pendidik dalam penataran-penataran, b. Memberikan kesempatan kepada pendidik untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya dengan belajar ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi, c. Berusaha menggerakkan tim evaluasi hasil belajar, d. Menggunakan waktu belajar secara efektif di sekolah, e. Membimbing dan mengembangkan  pendidik, f. Membimbing tenaga kependidikan, g. Membimbing peserta didik, h. Mengikuti perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, tehnologi dan seni, dan i. Memberi contoh model pembelajaran dan bimbingan konseling yang baik; 2. Faktor pendukung upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator  dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya  di Sekolah Dasar Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya, yaitu: a. Kepala sekolah yang profesional, b. Motivasi pendidik tinggi, c. Motivasi belajar peserta didik tinggi; 3. Faktor penghambat upaya kepala sekolah sebagai inovator dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya di Sekolah Dasar Tarbiyatul Athfal Surabaya, yaitu: a. Sarana prasarana kurang memadai, b. Metode mengajar yang kurang variatif, c. Lingkungan kelas untuk pembelajaran model PAKEM belum maksimal.
URGENSI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL
Authors: Nadlir M.
Published: March 2017

Tulisan ini mengurai pentingnya pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal di dalam dunia pendidikan. Pembelajaran di lembaga pendidikan terdiri atas berbagai materi ajar (subject matter), dimana setiap materi tersebut sudah ditentukan target-target pembelajarannya. Tanpa mengganggu sama sekali setiap materi ajar tersebut, bahkan memperkuatnya, muatan kearifan lokal perlu dimasukkan. Apapun yang diterima peserta didik merupakan sebuah materi ajar, baik berupa teori, praktik, contoh-contoh soal maupun sikap pendidik itu sendiri. Menggambarkan secara jelas kekhasan materi ajar, ruang kelas, lingkungan pendidikan maupun buku-buku/ media pendidikan menjadi sebuah kebutuhan lembaga pendidikan agar dapat diterima efektif oleh peserta didik. Pengintegrasian akan efektif jika muatan kearifan lokal dapat masuk menjadi materi ajar pokok yang tidak sekedar asal dapat ditempelkan. Dalam Pendidikan Agama, misalnya, perlu dapat menjelaskan hukumnya berwirausaha, berbisnis, belajar, bercocok tanam, memanfaatkan lahan kosong di bawah tegakan tanaman, mengolah makanan secara alami tanpa pewarna maupun pengawet buatan, mensyukuri kekayaan hayati, dan lain-lain. Di dalam PKn perlu untuk menjelaskan posisi negara yang penuh hutang, perlunya membangun kemandirian ekonomi, perlunya mencintai hasil produksi dalam negeri maupun praduk lokal dan lain-lain. Materi ajar Bahasa Indonesia dapat mengarahkan kesadaran anak tentang kearifan lokal melalui pelajaran mengarang, membuat puisi ataupun membuat peribahasa dengan tema-tema lokal. Demikian pula pada IPA, IPS, Seni Budaya dan Ketrampilan, Pendidikan kesehatan, berbagai materi ajar dasar maupun pengembangan diri.
TEKNOLOGI KLONING DALAM PERSPEKTIF PAI MATERI FIQH
Authors: Dwijo Al-Quddus Nofiandri Eko Sucipto
Published: March 2017

Tulisan ini berusaha memotret teknologi kloning dalam perspektif PAI materi Fiqh. Ketika ditinjau dari sisi hifzh al-din (memelihara agama), kloning manusia tidak membawa dampak negatif terhadap keberadaan agama. Ditinjau dari sisi hifzh al-nafs (memelihara jiwa), kloning tidak menghilangkan jiwa bahkan justru melahirkan jiwa yang baru. Dilihat dari sisi hifzh al-‘aql (memelihara akal), kloning juga tidak mengancam eksistensi akal, bahkan keberhasilan Kloning yang sempurna dapat membuat manusia mempunyai akal cerdas. Jika dilihat dari sisi hifzh al-nasl (memelihara keturunan), kloning manusia dipertanyakan. Dalam pandangan Islam, masalah keturunan merupakan sesuatu yang sangat essensial, karena keturunan mempunyai hubungan erat dengan hukum yang lain seperti pernikahan, warisan, muhrim, dan sebagainya. Apabila ditinjau dari sisi hifzh al-mal (memelihara harta), akan terkait dengan mashlahat dan mafsadat yang diperoleh dari usaha pengkloningan. Andaikata Kloning terhadap manusia hanya akan menghambur-hamburkan harta, tanpa adanya keseimbangan dengan manfaat yang diperoleh, maka kloning menjadi terlarang. Dengan penerapan kloning, kemapanan dan keluhuran cita-cita sebuah perkawinan dalam Islam akan terusik. Boleh jadi, di masa yang akan datang manusia tidak membutuhkan perkawinan untuk mendapatkan keturunan. Seks hanya diperlukan untuk melampiaskan hawa nafsu birahi terhadap lawan jenis tanpa mempertimbangkan akibat dan tanggung jawab dari hubungan seksualitas tersebut. Dengan demikian, kemafsadatan yang ditimbulkan akibat kloning manusia lebih besar daripada kemanfataannya. Oleh karena itu, kloning manusia diharamkan dalam ajaran Islam.
PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Taubah Mufatihatut
Published: March 2017

Bahasa Indonesia:

Pendidikan anak yang pertama dan paling utama dalam Islam adalah pendidikan dalam keluarga yang berperspektif Islam. Pendidikan dalam keluarga yang berperspektif Islam adalah pendidikan yang didasarkan pada tuntunan agama Islam yang diterapkan dalam keluarga yang dimaksudkan untuk membentuk anak agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, serta berakhlak mulia yang mencakup etika, moral, budi pekerti, spiritual atau pemahaman dan pengalaman nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini merupakan salah satu wujud amar makruf nahi munkar dalam kehidupan keluarga, yaitu dengan  memberikan pendidikan kepada putra putrinya berdasarkan ajaran Islam. Anak dalam menuju kedewasaannya memerlukan bermacam-macam proses yang diperankan oleh bapak dan ibu dalam lingkungan keluarga. Pola atau metode pendidikan agama dalam  Islam pada dasarnya mencontoh pada perilaku Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam membina keluarga dan sahabatnya. Karena segala apa yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan manifestasi dari kandungan al-Qur’an. Adapun dalam pelaksanaannya, Nabi memberikan kesempatan pada para pengikutnya untuk mengembangkan cara sendiri selama cara tersebut tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip pelaksanaan pendidikan yang dilakukan oleh Nabi SAW.

 

English:

The first and the prime education for children in Islam is the Islamic family education. This family education is based upon Islamic guidance in purpose of building children’s faith, piety, highest endeavor –including ethics, morality, and spirituality, and the practice of religious values in daily life. This effort is a kind of amar makruf nahi munkar in family scope. Children needs family model for their future mental and spiritual development. The model and methods of Islamic education in the family scopes are adopted pretty much from the way of our prophet Muhammad taught his family and his companions. Muslim believes that whatever done by the prophet is the manifestation of Quranic essence. In the implementation level, the prophet let his companions and his follower to develop the teaching as long as the development itself in line with educational principles by the prophet.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM BERWAWASAN MULTIKULTURALISME PERSPEKTIF H.A.R. TILAAR
Authors: Hidayati Nurul
Published: March 2017

Bahasa Indonesia:
Multikulturalisme, sebagai sebuah diskursus, memang merupakan produk kajian ilmuan Barat akan realitas-eksistensial kebudayaan mereka yang heterogen. Namun, ke-khas-an kajian mereka tidak menyentuh aspek-aspek teologis, jika tidak mau disebut Agama. Multikulturalisme hadir ke Indonesia dengan wajah yang berbeda. Ada banyak perspektif, yang kemudian, meng-amalgamasikan kepentingan faham keagamaan, dengan sumber kebudayaan yang dikaji di Barat melalui cultural studies-nya. Kendati demikian, masyarakat Indonesia tidak bisa dilepaskan dari homogenitas, pluralitas, dan multi-kebudayaan. Oleh sebab itulah, para pendiri bangsa memiliki slogan Bhinneka Tuggal Ika, dari hal yang berbeda-beda, namun memiliki satu tujuan yang sama. Slogan ini, terkadang, tidak disadari oleh seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Untuk itulah, HAR Tilaar menawarkan sebuah konsep pendidikan yang dibasiskan kepada pengenalan dan pemahaman akan perbedaan kebudayaan yang dimiliki Indonesia. Tulisan ini berusaha mengkaitkan gagasan Tilaar ini dengan fenomena konflik yang ada di Indonesia, khususnya, berbasis agama. Melalui pendidikan multikultural, diharapkan, seluruh pemeluk agama menyadari akan tantangan perbedaan yang diciptakan oleh Tuhan.

English:
Multiculturalism as an academic discourse comes from western scholarly tradition regarding their heterogeneus cultural existential-reality. However, the distinguish discourse does not deal with theological aspects, if it is to hesitate to call religion. Multiculturalism comes to Indonesia in a different face. There are so many perspectives to amalgamate religious interest and western culture within cultural studies framework. However, Indonesian cannot be separated from homogeneity, plurality, as well as multi-culturalism. For that reason, the nation’s founding father promoted the slogan “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika”, unity in diversity. The slogan is sometimes less understood by citizens. This made H.A.R. Tilaar to offer an educational concept based upon introducation and comprehension towards Indonesian cultural diversity. This paper examines the Tilaar’s thoughts and religion-based conflict in Indonesia. Multicultural education itself is proposed to shade light for religions’s follower regarding the challenge of diversity created by God.
Growth and Yield Responses of Green Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) to Manure Rates under Field and High Tunnel Conditions
Authors: DOMINIC Ima-obong I. , AKPAN Ndueso M. , BAYERI Kayode P.
Published: March 2017

The present study was conducted to determine growth and yield responses of green pepper to varying manure rates under field and high tunnel conditions. Experiment 1 was a pot experiment to evaluate three rates (0.5 and 10 t/ha) of poultry manure (PM) on green pepper production under high tunnel and open field conditions. Experiment 2 was to determine the performance of green pepper as influenced by different manure rates (0, 5 and 10 t/ha of PM, 300 kg/ha of NPK, 5 t/ha of PM + 200 kg of NPK and 10 t/ha of PM + 100 kg of NPK) on the field. High tunnel produced about 3.1 fruits/plant that weighted 102.8 g, which was significantly higher than open field experiment in which 1.7 fruits/plant, with a medium weight of 32.3 g were noted. High tunnel enhanced successful production of green pepper during rainy season, whereas the open field production during the same season was near failure. Application of 10 t/ha of PM produced significantly larger fruits in the pot experiment. Good fertilizer effects on growth and yield components were recorded for the field study. Plant height, number of leaves and branches, number and weight of harvested fruit followed similar trend in 5 and 10 t/ha of PM which gave statistically similar results, and provided the best performance during the experiment. Application of 5 t/ha of PM produced the highest total fruits yield.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Generic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactam-Resistant Enterobacteria in Healthy Dogs
Authors: ANYANWU Madubuike U. , UGWU Ifeoma C. , EZEKWELU Martins O. , OKORAFOR Obianuju N.
Published: March 2017

This study was conducted to isolate generic extended-spectrum β-lactam-resistant enterobacteria from household dogs in Nigeria, and to determine the antibacterial resistance profile of the isolates. Rectal swabs were collected from 100, randomly selected, apparently healthy household dogs. Isolation of ESBL-resistant enterobacteria was done using Mac Conkey agar supplemented with 4 µg/ml of ceftazidime. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates to generic level was done following standard biochemical methods. Phenotypic resistance of the isolates to antibacterial agents was determined using the disc diffusion method. Out of 27 ESBL-resistant enterobacterial isolates, 40.7% were Escherichia coli, 37% were Klebsiella species, 18.5% were Salmonella species, while 3.7% was Proteus species. Resistance of the E. coli isolates was 81.8% to ampicillin, 27.2% to streptomycin, 54.5% to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, 45.4% to enrofloxacin, 90.9% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 9.1% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and 0% resistant to gentamicin. Resistance of the Klebsiella isolates was 80% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 30% to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, 60% to tetracycline, 90% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and 10% to gentamicin. Resistance of the Salmonella isolates was 100% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 80% to gentamicin and ampicillin, 60% to streptomycin and tetracycline, 20% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 0% to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. The Proteus isolate was resistant to streptomycin and gentamycin. All the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Resistance of the isolates to more than 3 classes of antibacterial agents tested was 81.8% for E. coli, 70% for Klebsiella and 100% for Salmonella, respectively. This study has shown that household dogs in Nigeria, are colonized by ESBL-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and are potential reservoirs and disseminators of these organisms.
EXTENDED COLD STORAGE OF WINTER PEARS BY MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING
Authors: ZUCOLOTO MOISES , ANTONIOLLI LUCIMARA ROGERIA , SIQUEIRA DALMO LOPES DE , CZERMAINSKI ANA BEATRIZ COSTA
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the maintenance of fruit quality during the extended storage of ‘Rocha’ and ‘Packham’s Triumph’ pears. Fruit were packed in linear low density polyethylene (100 mm), with 6% BIF 1500 additive placed into perforated plastic boxes and kept at 0 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 5% RH for up to 180 days. MAP reduced weight loss by 14.8% for ‘Rocha’ and 11.5% for ‘Packham’s’ pears after 180 days in cold storage and retained the green color of the skin, which means that the yellowing visual perception was delayed in 60 and 90 days for ‘Rocha’ and ‘Packham’s’ pears, respectively. A strong softening was observed for ‘Packham’s’ pears after being kept for 150 days at 0° C followed by 5 days at room temperature, which did not limit the storage of both pear cultivars under modified atmosphere packaging. MAP created by linear low density polyethylene (100 mm), with 6% BIF 1500 additive extended in 30 days the cold storage for ‘Rocha’ and 60 days for ‘Packham’s’ pears.
Inflação e regimes cambiais: análise de painel
Authors: Cardoso Carlos de Almeida , Vieira Flavio Vilela
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal investigar os determinantes da inflação, considerando o papel dos regimes cambiais, elementos da política fiscal e monetária, além da investigação do papel das crises financeiras e da adoção ou não do regime de metas de inflação. A análise é desenvolvida para um conjunto de 82 economias no período de 1990 a 2009. Os resultados empíricos dos três períodos avaliados (1990 a 2009, 1990 a 1999 e 2000 a 2009), focando no entendimento da relação entre regime cambial e inflação, revela um caráter dúbio ou não consensual. As evidências indicam ainda a importância de outras variáveis para o comportamento da inflação, como a taxa de crescimento da oferta monetária, a dívida do governo, a variação da taxa de câmbio real efetiva, a taxa de juros real, além da relevância da inflação defasada. Uma evidência adicional é de que os países que adotaram o regime de metas de inflação estão associados a taxas inflacionárias mais baixas, resultado esse restrito ao período de 1990 a 1999.
Valores Organizacionais e Valores do Trabalho: um estudo com operadores de call center
Authors: Paiva Kely César Martins de , Dutra Michelle Regina Santana
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este estudo analisa como estão configurados os valores organizacionais e os valores do trabalho de operadores de um call center, situado em Belo Horizonte (MG). A análise em tal ambiente laboral, permeado por idiossincrasias, foi realizada por meio de pesquisa de campo, descritiva, com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, caracterizando uma triangulação metodológica. Os dados de 399 questionários foram tratados estatisticamente e os oriundos de 22 entrevistas foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Quanto aos valores organizacionais, percebeu-se uma predominância do valor “conformidade”, fato compreensível porque tal tipo de organização ser reconhecida pelo respeito às regras, posturas e modelos de comportamentos predefinidos. Em relação aos valores do trabalho, destacam-se os resultados relacionados a “estabilidade” e a “realização no trabalho”, pois são valores envolvidos na busca por segurança, adquirida por meio do trabalho, e por prazer e realização pessoal e profissional, respectivamente. O estudo tratou de dois construtos que ainda não haviam sido pesquisados conjuntamente e também contribuiu para a compreensão de particularidades do tipo de empresa abordada. Além disso, a triangulação possibilitou observar disparidades entre dados coletados por meio das técnicas diferenciadas, o que incita a continuidade e a expansão da pesquisa, tanto no que tange aos temas focalizados como aos contextos a ser investigados.
Mecanismos fisiológicos em híbridos de citros sob estresse salino em cultivo hidropônico
Authors: Silva Luderlândio de A. , Brito Marcos E. B. , Sá Francisco V. da S. , Moreira Rômulo C. L. , Soares Filho Walter dos S. , Fernandes Pedro D.
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Objetivou-se estudar os mecanismos fisiológicos de percepção e tolerância ao estresse salino de híbridos de citros em cultivo hidropônico. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar - CCTA, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Pombal, PB. Foram avaliados, em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (2x5), dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,3 e 4,0 dS m-1) e cinco híbridos recomendados para uso como porta-enxerto [HTR - 069, HTR - 116, HTR - 127, LCR x TR - 001 e TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040)], com três repetições. Os genótipos foram cultivados em sistema hidropônico adaptado em vasos de Leonard, utilizando solução de Hoagland. O início da aplicação da solução nutritiva com uso de águas salinas ocorreu aos 90 dias após a semeadura, quando se procedeu as avaliações quanto às trocas gasosas e fluorescência do PSII às 0, 24 e 48 horas após aplicação dos tratamentos a fim de determinar o efeito do estresse salino sobre os atributos fisiológicos. A fluorescência inicial, a condutância estomática e a eficiência no uso da água foram as variáveis que mais permitem evidenciar a percepção do estresse neste trabalho. O híbrido TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040 foi o mais tolerante à salinidade, seguido do híbrido HTR - 069. O híbrido LCR x TR - 001 foi o mais sensível à salinidade, por ter sua atividade do PSII comprometida.
Agrupamento de solos quanto à salinidade no Perímetro Irrigado de Custódia em função do tempo
Authors: Freire Maria B. G. S. , Miranda Márcio F. A. , Oliveira Emanoel E. M. , Silva Luís E. da , Pessoa Luiz G. M. , Almeida Brivaldo G. de
Published: March 2017

RESUMO Solos em perímetros irrigados sob clima semiárido são propensos ao acúmulo de sais e, no Brasil, este problema tem sido expressivo no semiárido do Nordeste, no entanto, poucos dados existem da real situação desta degradação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a salinidade e sodicidade no Perímetro Irrigado de Custódia em diferentes épocas e determinar grupos de solos por meio de variáveis associadas à salinidade e sodicidade. Foram feitas amostragens de solos nos 55 lotes nas camadas de 0-10, 10-30 e 30-60 cm em quatro épocas, duas ao final do período chuvoso e duas ao término da época seca. Os resultados de pH em água, condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação (CE), relação de adsorção de sódio (RAS) e percentagem de sódio trocável (PST) foram submetidos à estatística multivariada, por meio da técnica de agrupamento. Foram obtidos oito grupos de solos, que diferiram entre as épocas de amostragem e as variáveis avaliadas, predominando valores de pH na faixa alcalina, baixos valores de CE, enquanto a RAS e a PST alternaram entre as épocas de amostragem, com valores que caracterizam a sodicidade. Os solos do Perímetro Irrigado de Custódia (PE) são alcalinos, de baixa salinidade e de média a alta sodicidade, susceptíveis à dispersão de coloides e degradação de sua qualidade física.
Essential oils of Cunila galioides and Origanum majorana as anesthetics for Rhamdia quelen: efficacy and effects on ventilation and ionoregulation
Authors: Cunha Jessyka A. da , Scheeren Cecília Á. , Salbego Joseânia , Gressler Luciane T. , Madaloz Laurício M. , Bandeira-Junior Guerino , Bianchini Adriane E. , Pinheiro Carlos G. , Bordignon Sérgio A. L. , Heinzmann Berta M. , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT This study evaluated anesthetic efficacy and possible effects of the essential oils (EOs) of Cunila galioides (EOC) and Origanum majorana (EOO) on ventilatory rate (VR) and ionoregulation in Rhamdia quelen. In the anesthesia assessments, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μL L-1 EOC and 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μL L-1 EOO were tested, and time for induction to sedation and anesthesia stages, as well as recovery, were taken. A second trial employed lower concentrations of both EOs, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μL L-1, in order to verify VR and Na+, K+ and Cl- whole body net fluxes. Sedation was achieved with both oils at 100 µL L-1, and anesthesia at ≥ 200 µL L-1. There was no significant difference between control and EO-treated groups regarding VR, but all fish subjected to 100 µL L-1 EOC died within 2 h of exposure. Overall, ionic loss declined in the presence of the EOs. The EOC at 200 - 300 μL L-1 and EOO at 400 - 500 μL L-1 present the potential to promote fast anesthesia in R. quelen.
Ultrassonografia testicular em bovinos jovens da raça Nelore criados em sistema extensivo
Authors: Cardilli D.J. , Toniollo G.H. , Pastore A.A. , Canola J.C. , Oliveira J.A. , Mercadante M.E.Z.
Published: March 2017

Este estudo visou avaliar o padrão ultrassonográfico do parênquima testicular de touros jovens da raça Nelore, desde a fase peripuberal até a puberdade, estabelecer padrões fisiológicos e também verificar se existe diferença de ecogenicidade entre animais púberes e pré-púberes na mesma idade. Foram realizados exames ecográficos dos testículos de 19 bovinos aos 10, 12, 14, 16 e 18 meses de idade. O padrão ultrassonográfico do parênquima testicular mostrou-se homogêneo e com ecogenicidade moderada. A ecogenicidade testicular aumentou em proporção direta com a idade dos animais. Não houve diferença significativa entre a ecogenicidade testicular de animais púberes e pré-púberes na mesma idade.
A escolha democrática em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Moisés José Alvaro
Published: March 2017

Os resultados de surveys sobre atitudes políticas realizados no Brasil a partir de 1988 revelam que os níveis de adesão dos brasileiros à democracia são mais baixos do que os encontrados em outros países da América Latina e do Sudeste europeu que também passaram por experiências autoritárias. Sustenta-se, no entanto, que um consenso democrático "semi-majoritário" está se formando no Brasil, o que constitui uma base de atitudes políticas favorável à estabilização da democracia e a ulteriores avanços democratizantes.
Transição tecnológica em uma operadora de plano de saúde: o olhar do usuário
Authors: Cuginotti Aloísio Punhagui
Published: March 2017

O setor de saúde suplementar no Brasil vem experimentando, nos últimos anos, novos modelos de atenção à saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar como os usuários percebem e se posicionam em relação à implantação da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) por uma operadora do tipo autogestão. Utilizandose de grupos focais com usuários considerados "aderidos" e "não-aderidos" à ESF, a pesquisa revela que os usuários têm uma compreensão bastante clara do significado da estratégia, inclusive de seus fortes elementos racionalizadores, percebem as contradições e deficiências no seu processo de formulação e implantação e mantêm um elevado grau de autonomia na escolha dos serviços que lhe sejam mais adequados, muito influenciados pelo tipo de inserção que têm no estabelecimento bancário que mantém a operadora. O usuário percebe, ainda, o impasse da autogestão entre manter uma ampla rede credenciada de livre acesso ou conseguir avançar no sentido de fazer da ESF o eixo estruturante de sua rede assistencial.
Balanço de massa no tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos provenientes de restaurantes em biorreator
Authors: Girardi Neto João , Silva Joel Dias da , Pinheiro Ivone Gohr
Published: March 2017

RESUMO O tratamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos por digestão anaeróbia é realizado por um consórcio de micro-organismos, no qual as archaea metanogênicas são as limitantes do processo, por serem mais sensíveis às mudanças nas condições do meio e possuírem crescimento lento. Para acompanhar a evolução do tratamento, algumas variáveis do processo de digestão anaeróbia são monitoradas, dentre elas, a demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), geralmente utilizada para estimar a matéria degradável e passível de ser convertida em biogás. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do processo de conversão de biomassa em metano, este artigo se baseou no balanço de massa adaptado da literatura, utilizando valores de DQO e volume de biogás gerado no reator anaeróbio, aqui chamado de biorreator. A produção de biogás foi monitorada diariamente utilizando o método de deslocamento de água, com o auxílio de um contador eletrônico. Com base no balanço de massa, o tratamento mostrou-se viável, visto que 50% da concentração de DQO que entrou no sistema foi convertida em gás metano. Comparando-se aos valores descritos na literatura, que se encontram na faixa de 50 a 70%, a eficiência do tratamento poderá ser elevada com ajustes nos parâmetros de controle que influenciam o processo de digestão anaeróbia, tais como manter a temperatura constante em 37°C e o pH e a alcalinidade equilibrados, o que poderá melhorar as condições do meio em todas as etapas de degradação da matéria orgânica e aumentar a conversão em gás metano.
A quem pertence o espaço rural? As mudanças na relação sociedade/natureza e o surgimento da dimensão pública do espaço rural
Authors: Souza Osmar Tomaz de , Brandenburg Alfio
Published: March 2017

Uma mudança importante sobre o mundo rural se observa atualmente: ele deixou de ser visto apenas como um espaço privado para ganhar ares de espaço público. Isto é resultado da própria mudança verificada na relação entre sociedade e natureza. Essas mudanças e suas implicações para as políticas de desenvolvimento rural consistem o objeto de debate neste trabalho, que tem como lócus o rural metropolitano de Curitiba (PR).
Iporangomberus pei n. gen., n. sp. from southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Mendes Humberto Fonseca , Andersen Trond
Published: March 2017

Iporangomberus pei n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated based on an adult male from Mata Atlântica in southeastern Brazil. This genus can be separated from other Orthocladiinae based on the combination of hairy eyes; decumbent acrostichals starting close to antepronotum; bare wing; squama with few setae; R4+5 ending distal to M3+4; curved, apically spoon-shaped phallapodeme; and simple, subquadrangular gonostylus with well developed heel.
Circulation and salt intrusion in the Piaçaguera Channel, Santos (SP)
Authors: Miranda Luiz Bruner de , Olle Eugenio Dalle , Bérgamo Alessandro Luvizon , Silva Lourval dos Santos , Andutta Fernando Pinheiro
Published: March 2017

Analysis of thermohaline properties and currents sampled at an anchor station in the Piaçaguera Channel (Santos Estuary) in the austral winter was made in terms of tidal (neap and spring tidal cycles) and non-tidal conditions, with the objective to characterize the stratification, circulation and salt transport due to the fortnightly tidal modulation. Classical methods of observational data analysis of hourly and nearly synoptic observations and analytical simulations of nearly steady-state salinity and longitudinal velocity profiles were used. During the neap tidal cycle the flood (v<0) and ebb (v>0) velocities varied in the range of -0.20 m/s to 0.30 m/s associated with a small salinity variation from surface to bottom (26.4 psu to 30.7 psu). In the spring tidal cycle the velocities increased and varied in the range of -0.40 m/s to 0.45 m/s, but the salinity stratification remained almost unaltered. The steady-state salinity and velocity profiles simulated with an analytical model presented good agreement (Skill near 1.0), in comparison with the observational profiles. During the transitional fortnightly tidal modulation period there was no changes in the channel classification (type 2a - partially mixed and weakly stratified), because the potential energy rate was to low to enhance the halocline erosion. These results, associated with the high water column vertical stability (RiL >20) and the low estuarine Richardson number (RiE=1.6), lead to the conclusions: i) the driving mechanism for the estuary circulation and mixing was mainly balanced by the fresh water discharge and the tidal forcing associated with the baroclinic component of the gradient pressure force; ii) there was no changes in the thermohaline and circulation characteristics due to the forthnigtly tidal modulation; and iii) the nearly steady-state of the vertical salinity and velocity profiles were well simulated with a theoretical classical analytical model.
Women Vulnerability in Informal Entertainment Sectors in Kathmandu: A Human Rights Perspectives
Authors: Niroula Ghanashyam
Published: March 2017

The objective of the research was to explore the vulnerability of women working in the entertainment sectors towards prostitution and their social problems. Natural calamities, armed conflict or any other social and economic problems make women and girls more vulnerable in Nepal. There is no fixed data on the number of women working in these sectors. Research methods such as key informant interviews and participation in the interaction programs were employed to gather information. It was found that female sex workers on the street in Kathmandu sit in the crowd area of the city. Unemployment and poverty in the urban area have made especially the migrant young women involve in sex profession. Participants in the interview said that domestic violence has made women do anything for their sustenance. The sex worker women suffer from social stigma and reproductive health problems. However, they have hidden their health problems. Finally, due to the orientation and assistance of non-government organizations, the sex-workers have started to organize in groups and are more empowered than before.
Evaluation of “Ready for First Certificate of English”: Microstructural Approach
Authors: Khodadady Ebrahim , Attaran Atena
Published: March 2017

Despite much research done on language learning textbooks, there still exist several questions unanswered about what these textbooks’ contents are about. This study is thus an attempt to investigate the 15 reading passages of Ready for First Certificate of English (FCE) in the light of schema theory. In doing so, the microstructural approach to schema theory was taken into the account which led to the classification of 8617 schema tokens into the three main categories of syntactic, semantic, and parasyntactic domains. Running the chi-square test revealed that the domains differ significantly from each other regarding both their types (X2= 2869.9, p< 0.05) and tokens (X2= 1704, p< 0.05) which lent support to their psychological reality. In addition, the descriptive analysis of the schemata demonstrated that reading passages are heavily outweighed by semantic types (80.7%), whereas syntactic ad parasyntactic types were only about 6% and 12.4 % respectively. The pedagogical implication of the study is discussed and further suggestions are put forward.
Sustaining Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme Through Preventive Healthcare Strategies and Legislation
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Samuel , Dramani Aminu
Published: March 2017

This article focuses primarily on secondary literature to highlight some of the key issues that has affected the effectiveness and the efficiency of the National Health Insurance in Ghana. The article proposes the need to use legislation and additional preventive healthcare strategies to lessen or reduce the pressure that comes upon the National Health Insurance Authority. Finally, it postulates that the people of a community, their institution, that is health institutions and Para-health institutions that ensure public safety, environmental protection, and sanitation among others are enjoined to reduce the occurrence of disease and injury or harm. This could ensure a healthy work force and a healthy population that has the tendency or proclivity to increase productivity and lessen disease burden with its associated harm and cost on the state, especially in countries where social insurance is practiced.