bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernising fish and shark growth curves with Bayesian length-at-age models
Authors: Smart Jonathan J. , Grammer Gretchen L.
Published: February 2021

Growth modelling is a fundamental component of fisheries assessments but is often hindered by poor quality data from biased sampling. Several methods have attempted to account for sample bias in growth analyses. However, in many cases this bias is not overcome, especially when large individuals are under-sampled. In growth models, two key parameters have a direct biological interpretation: L0, which should correspond to length-at-birth and L∞, which should approximate the average length of full-grown individuals. Here, we present an approach of fitting Bayesian growth models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), with informative priors on these parameters to improve the biological plausibility of growth estimates. A generalised framework is provided in an R package ‘BayesGrowth’, which removes the hurdle of programming an MCMC model for new users. Four case studies representing different sampling scenarios as well as three simulations with different selectivity functions were used to compare this Bayesian framework to standard frequentist growth models. The Bayesian models either outperformed or matched the results of frequentist growth models in all examples, demonstrating the broad benefits offered by this approach. This study highlights the impact that Bayesian models could provide in age and growth studies if applied more routinely rather than being limited to only complex or sophisticated applications.
Mercury in the human thyroid gland: Potential implications for thyroid cancer, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism
Authors: Pamphlett Roger , Doble Philip A. , Bishop David P.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Mercury and other toxic metals have been suggested to be involved in thyroid disorders, but the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human thyroid gland is not known. We therefore used two elemental bio-imaging techniques to look at the distribution of mercury and other toxic metals in the thyroid glands of people over a wide range of ages.

Materials and methods

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid tissue blocks were obtained from 115 people aged 1–104 years old, with varied clinicopathological conditions, who had thyroid samples removed during forensic/coronial autopsies. Seven-micron sections from these tissue blocks were used to detect intracellular inorganic mercury using autometallography. The presence of mercury was confirmed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry which can detect multiple elements.

Results

Mercury was found on autometallography in the thyroid follicular cells of 4% of people aged 1–29 years, 9% aged 30–59 years, and 38% aged 60–104 years. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of mercury in samples staining with autometallography, and detected cadmium, lead, iron, nickel and silver in selected samples.

Conclusions

The proportion of people with mercury in their thyroid follicular cells increases with age, until it is present in over one-third of people aged 60 years and over. Other toxic metals in thyroid cells could enhance mercury toxicity. Mercury can trigger genotoxicity, autoimmune reactions, and oxidative damage, which raises the possibility that mercury could play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancers, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism.
Transcriptome analyses reveal the utilization of nitrogen sources and related metabolic mechanisms of Sporosarcina pasteurii
Authors: Pei Di , Liu Zhiming , Wu Wenjian , Hu Biru
Published: February 2021

In recent years, Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) has become one of the most popular bacteria in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP). Various applications have been developed based on the efficient urease that can induce the precipitation of calcium carbonate. However, the metabolic mechanism related to biomineralization of S. pasteurii has not been clearly elucidated. The process of bacterial culture and biomineralization consumes a large amount of urea or ammonium salts, which are usually used as agricultural fertilizers, not to mention probable environmental pollutions caused by the excessive use of these raw materials. Therefore, it is urgent to reveal the mechanism of nitrogen utilization and metabolism of S. pasteurii. In this paper, we compared the growth and gene expression of S. pasteurii under three different culture conditions through transcriptome analyses. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that both ammonium and urea were direct nitrogen sources of S. pasteurii, and the bacteria could not grow normally in the absence of ammonium or urea. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one to reveal the nitrogen utilization mechanism of S. pasteurii through transcriptome methods. Furthermore, the presence of ammonium might promote the synthesis of intracellular ATP and enhance the motility of the bacteria. There should be an ATP synthesis mechanism associated with urea hydrolysis catalyzed by urease in S. pasteurii.
Response of human macrophages to gamma radiation is mediated via expression of endogenous retroviruses
Authors: Mikhalkevich Natallia , O’Carroll Ina P. , Tkavc Rok , Lund Kateryna , Sukumar Gauthaman , Dalgard Clifton L. , Johnson Kory R. , Li Wenxue , Wang Tongguang , Nath Avindra , Iordanskiy Sergey
Published: February 2021

Ionizing radiation-induced tissue damage recruits monocytes into the exposed area where they are differentiated to macrophages. These implement phagocytic removal of dying cells and elicit an acute inflammatory response, but can also facilitate tumorigenesis due to production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Using primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and the THP1 monocytic cell line, we demonstrate that gamma radiation triggers monocyte differentiation toward the macrophage phenotype with increased expression of type I interferons (IFN-I) and both pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage activation markers. We found that these changes correlate with significantly upregulated expression of 622 retroelements from various groups, particularly of several clades of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Elevated transcription was detected in both sense and antisense directions in the HERV subgroups tested, including the most genetically homogeneous clade HML-2. The level of antisense transcription was three- to five-fold higher than of the sense strand levels. Using a proximity ligation assay and immunoprecipitation followed by RNA quantification, we identified an increased amount of the dsRNA receptors MDA-5 and TLR3 bound to an equivalent number of copies of sense and antisense chains of HERVK HML-2 RNA. This binding triggered MAVS-associated signaling pathways resulting in increased expression of IFN-I and inflammation related genes that enhanced the cumulative inflammatory effect of radiation-induced senescence. HML-2 knockdown was accompanied with reduced expression and secretion of IFNα, pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2, CCL3, CCL8, and CCL20) and anti-inflammatory (IL10) modulators in irradiated monocytes and MDMs. Taken together, our data indicate that radiation stress-induced HERV expression enhances the IFN-I and cytokine response and results in increased levels of pro-inflammatory modulators along with expression of anti-inflammatory factors associated with the macrophage tumorigenic phenotype.
Labouring bodies: Big Tail Elephants in 1990s Guangzhou
Authors: Grube Katherine
Published: February 2021

Big Tail Elephant Working Group (daweixiang gongzuo zu, hereafter BTE) is synonymous with the city of Guangzhou and the surrounding Pearl River Delta. Formed in 1991, the group is most closely associated with the artists Chen Shaoxiong (1962–2016), Liang Juhui (1959–2006), Lin Yilin (1964–) and Xu Tan (1957–). This article re-examines BTE artists’ practice from 1991 to 1994 and argues that the artist’s performing body provides the critical lens through which to understand BTE artists’ work during this time. Acknowledging that the experience of BTE’s work was primarily physical, embodied and performative allows for an important reconsideration of not only their works but also the predominant ways in which the global capitalist ‘turn’ in the 1990’s China has been discussed in art historical writing. This article argues that BTE artists were primarily interested in urban forms for what they signified about commercialization as a form of a new political rationality after 1989 and suggests that BTE artists were ultimately concerned with commodification’s transformation of society and of ideas of cultural value.
Cao Fei’s nostalgia for the future
Authors: Larson Ellen
Published: February 2021

Between 2015 and 2020, artist Cao Fei occupied the former Beijing-based Hongxia Theatre, transforming the space into a vehicle for creative research, production and exhibition. This article will examine Cao Fei’s engagement with multiple temporalities as directly shaped by her spatial position within the theatre. Research related to the Hongxia Theatre and surrounding former People’s Republic of China (PRC)-era factory neighbourhood informs her understanding of not only China’s industrial history but also resurging connections to themes that exist across, within and beyond traditional temporal frameworks. The following narrative will employ Asia One (2018), the first full-length film made by Cao Fei since moving into the Hongxia Theatre, as a case study, highlighting strategies in which Hongxia fosters a pivotal spatial relationship between the artist’s new work and intersecting affinities towards time, memory and nostalgia. Drawing on China’s utopian past and dreams of a fully automated future, Asia One demonstrates a temporally nonlinear yearning to record both remembered and imagined emotional attachments, despite both globalizing and domestic conditions, which engender the urge to forget.
Calidad y Universidad
Authors: Domínguez Pérez José Ángel
Published: February 2021

¿Puede una sociedad confiar en sus Universidades? La respuesta afirmativa se justifica en la promoción y garantía de la calidad, uno de los fines esenciales de toda política universitaria, tanto en el ámbito español como internacional. Ahora bien, asegurar la calidad no debe constituir un fin en sí mismo, sino que debe concretarse en instrumentos útiles y eficaces para facilitar los objetivos estratégicos de la institución, contribuir a su mejora, apoyar la toma de decisiones y rendir cuentas públicamente. Sólo así tienen sentido los sistemas de garantía de calidad, cuyos referentes y protocolos se encuentran tanto en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y de Investigación, como en el Espacio Iberoamericano del Conocimiento. Este libro contiene una recopilación de esos modelos de aseguramiento y mejora de la calidad, enmarcándolos en su contexto histórico, justo cuando España afronta el debate sobre la necesaria reforma de su legislación universitaria. El reto es conseguir que las Universidades sigan ocupando un lugar de privilegio en el proceso permanente de modernización social, y en respuesta a ese desafío el autor propone una revisión de la calidad docente e investigadora, desde una perspectiva teórico-práctica, a la que aporta su visión crítica y a la vez apologética de los procesos de calidad, junto con una particular reflexión en torno a las claves del futuro.
Hatalmi távolság és intézményi kollektivizmus-a versenyképesség előrejelzése szövegelemzéssel
Authors: Mikulás Gábor
Published: February 2021

A tárgyalófelek elé kitett mobiltelefon alkalmazása előrejelzi a beszélgetőpartnerek versenyképességét a versenyképesség-mutatók alapján, javaslatokat adva a tárgyalás további menetére. Ez a vízió nyilván még futurisztikus, ám a csúcsvezetői nyilatkozatok rejtett szövegtartalma alapján következtetéseket levonni a képviselt szervezetek versenyképességi orientációira – ez már ma lehetőség. A GLOBE-projekt kultúrakutatási módszertanával, valamint szövegelemzési módszerekkel sikerült kimutatni a versenyképességet előrejelző hatalmi távolság és az intézményi kollektivizmus szövegbeli jeleit. Mindez eszközt jelenthet egyebek mellett a szervezetfejlesztéssel, hírszerzéssel, HR-gazdálkodással foglalkozó szakembereknek is. _______ The use of the mobile telephones laid in front of the negotiators during their conversations forecasts their indicators of competitiveness and gives suggestions for the further course of negotiation. This is obviously a futuristic vision, but drawing conclusions from the hidden content of top management narratives concerning the competitive cultural orientations of the represented organizations is a possibility that is already available. Using the culture research methodology of the GLOBE project as well as text analysis methods, it was possible to reveal narrative patterns both of the power distance, forecasting competitiveness, and of institutional collectivism. These findings may be useful tools for professionals, among others of organizational development, intelligence service and HR management.
A Flow-élmény szerepe a hazai társadalmi vállalkozások vezetésében
Authors: Takács Sándor
Published: February 2021

A cikk kilenc hazai társadalmi vállalkozás vezetőjével készített interjúk alapján igyekszik feltárni azokat a motivációkat, amelyek a társadalmi vállalkozások alapításához vezettek, kiemelt szerepet fordítva a flow-élményre és arra, hogy hogyan viszonyul a flow-élmény az anyagi motivációhoz. Az elméleti részben a szerző bemutatja Csíkszentmihályi flow-elméleté- nek alapjait, majd az azóta eltelt időszak fő menedzsmentterületen végzett kutatási eredményeit.

A cikk kilenc hazai társadalmi vállalkozás vezetőjével készített interjúk alapján igyekszik feltárni azokat a motivációkat, amelyek a társadalmi vállalkozások alapításához vezettek, kiemelt szerepet fordítva a flow-élményre és arra, hogy hogyan viszonyul a flow-élmény az anyagi motivációhoz. Az elméleti részben a szerző bemutatja Csíkszentmihályi flow-elméletének alapjait, majd az azóta eltelt időszak fő menedzsmentterületen végzett kutatási eredményeit. Az interjúk elemzésénél a szerző különös hangsúlyt fektetett a flow-állapot megfogalmazásaira és annak következményeire mind a vezető saját munkájában, mind pedig a munkavállalók számára teremtett szervezeti környezet szempontjából, illetve alternatívaként az anyagi motivációk szerepére. A kutatás fő üzenete, hogy a társadalmi vállalkozások vezetőinek tapasztalatai alapján a munkahelyi flow szempontjából a társadalmilag értékes célok legalább olyan fontos szerepet töltenek be, mint a kihívások és képességek észlelt egyensúlya. A munkavállalói elégedettség szempontjából az is fontos, hogy az anyagi kompenzáció a reális üzleti lehetőségekhez mérten arányos legyen a létrehozott értékkel, ami ráirányítja a figyelmet a munkavállalói részvétel fontosságára.
Az Ipar 4.0 implementációval kapcsolatos vezetői motivációk és akadályozó tényezők elemzése hazai vállalatvezetők véleménye alapján
Authors: Obermayer Nóra , Csizmadia Tibor , Hargitai Dávid Máté , Kigyós Tamás Attila
Published: February 2021

Internet, közösségi média, digitális transzformáció, dolgok internete, okos technológiák, mesterséges intelligencia: egyre inkább a hétköznapok részévé válnak. Az automatizáció és a robotika az Ipar 4.0 alapkövei. A vállalatoknak most kell dönteniük arról, hogy integrálják-e a mesterséges intelligenciát, robotokat a működésükbe, továbbá bátorítják-e a munkatársakat, hogy robotokkal dolgozzanak együtt. Néhány tanulmány készült már eddig arról, hogy ezekkel a változásokkal kapcsolatban milyen attitűdök jelennek meg a munkahelyeken. Jelen kutatás összefoglalja egy projekt első eredményeit, amelynek célja annak feltárása, hogy Magyarországon milyen előítéletek és attitűdök vannak jelen a vállalatoknál; mire van szükségük ahhoz, hogy elfogadják a változást és szélesebb körben alkalmazzák a technológia vívmányait. A kutatás kvalitatív módszertanra, vezetőkkel készített interjúkra épül. Az eredmények alapján a technológiai változásokkal szemben tartózkodó állásponton vannak a vállalatok, de ahol már bevezették az Ipar 4.0 egyes elemeit, ott a pozitív tapasztalatok felülírják a félelmet és hatékonyabban tudják a munkát elvégezni.
Bilingual Education in Indonesia: A Call for Its Reimplementation in the National Context
Authors: MASDUQI HARITS , SUBIYANTO ARIF
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes new ways of reimplementing a form of bilingual education in Indonesia. Bilingual education was once implemented at international standard schools in Indonesia but failed for some reasons. The authors propose a more suitable form of bilingual education in Indonesia based on language acquisition theories which suggest that bilingual education should be developed on the basis of content-based instruction focusing on visual and physical ways of teaching. In this respect, physical education and arts should be prioritised over mathematics, ICT, and science subjects.
CHARACTERIZATION OF VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TILLERS AS A BASIS TO RECOMMEND HEIGHTS AND NITROGEN DOSES FOR THE STOCKPILLAGE OF MARANDU PALISADE GRASS
Authors: De Oliveira Rocha Gabriel , Humberto Rezende Carvalho Bruno , Moraes de Oliveria Davi , Dias de Moraes Lucas , Rozalino Santos Manoel Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Objetivou-se determinar a altura e a dose de nitrogênio no início do período de diferimento adequados para o diferimento da Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu). Duas alturas do pasto (15 e 30 cm) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) foram avaliadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e esquema fatorial 4 x 2. Houve aumento linear do número de perfilhos vegetativos com a aplicação de nitrogênio no pasto diferido com 15 cm. Os comprimentos do colmo e das lâminas foliares dos perfilhos aumentaram linearmente com a aplicação de nitrogênio. O peso do perfilho vegetativo foi maior no pasto diferido com 30 cm, comparando àquele com 15 cm, quando o pasto foi adubado com 0 e 40 kg ha-1 de N. A adubação nitrogenada incrementou linearmente o peso dos perfilhos vegetativos nos pastos diferidos com 15 cm, bem como o peso de perfilhos reprodutivos nos pastos diferidos com 30 cm. Para obtenção de pasto com adequada morfologia, recomenda-se que o capim-marandu seja diferido com 15 cm e adubado com 80 kg ha-1 de N no início do período de diferimento.
Channel Sounding and Measurements for Pico Cells for LTE and Future Wireless Networks
Authors: Shukla Sidharth , Bishnu Abhijeet , Bhatia Vimal
Published: February 2021

Wireless networks are the preferred future access networks for both defense and civilian deployments as part of telecommunication networks. The successful implementation of long term evolution (LTE) networks and applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in the telecommunication infrastructure has guaranteed rates of up to 100 Mbps while supporting ultra-dense wireless access network. With the incorporation of LTE-Advanced and fifth-generation wireless protocols, the data rates are expected to reach upto 1 Gbps. Hence, there is a pertinent requirement to carry out channel measurements at sub 1 GHz, 2 GHz, and 3 GHz bands to enable the design and implementation of optimum transceivers for pico-cells of LTE and future wireless networks. For the first time measurements and comparison with standard models of channel impulse response models have also been carried out in five different terrains namely Urban, Semi-Urban, Forest, Rural, and Desert terrains in the Indian sub-continent to effectively cover a variety of deployments of future wireless access networks for defense wireless networks
Crude oil and refined products transportation from the Caspian region to the European Union
Authors: Akhmedov Erjan
Published: February 2021

This article provides in-depth description of the situation with crude oil and refined products transportation from the Caspian Region to the European Union. It describes demand and supply, main transportation routes and modes of transport. The article then addresses existing and potential issues and discusses the ways to resolve them. There are two knowledge gaps associated with the topic of this article: (i) transportation of crude oil and refined products from the Caspian region to the European Union receives limited attention of researchers, and (ii) the majority of related scientific publications consider mainly the aspects of geopolitics and the European energy security, but not the transportation itself. The author attempts to partially close these gaps.
The Impact of Batik Sewage Disposal Towards The Quality of Dug-Well Water in The Batik Industry Center of Jenggot Pekalongan City
Authors: Budiyanto Slamet , Anies Anies , Purnawerni Hartuti , Sunoko Henna Rya
Published: February 2021

The development of batik industry in Indonesa today is quite rapid after batik has been acknowledged by UNESCO as the intangible world heritage from Indonesia. Pekalongan City is well-known as “Batik City” and it is one of the biggest batik industry centers in Indonesia with its 917 batik industries. Jenggot (administrative) village is one of the biggest batik industry centers in Pekalongan with 203 artisans of batik indstries. The process of batik making needs some dye of synthetic one containing heavy metals one of which is Pb. The present condition, most of the batik industry sewage in Jenggot goes straight to the environment without prior treatment. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of the disposal of batik sewage containing heavy metal Pb towards the quality of dug-well water around the areas of batik sewage disposal.This is descriptive analytical research with cross-sectional approach method. The research was conducted by taking direct samples of sewage in the community of batik industries, i.e the sample that floods the residential drain and the sample of dug well around the sewage flood. The sample was tested in the laboratory with the AAS instrument.The result of this study, out of  67 samples of batik sewage, showed 17 samples (25.4%) contained heavy metal Pb above the quality standar set, i.e 0.03 mg/L. Twenty (20) samples (29.9%) out of 67 samples of water puddle in the residential areas was above the standard quality set, i.e 0.03 mg/L. As to the quality of dug well, it was found 129 samples (61.4%) out of 210 kinds of well water contained heavy metal Pb above standard quality set, i.e. 0.01 mg/L.This result showed that the quality of environment has declined marked by the polluted dug-well water of the inhabitants around the batik industry center in Jenggot Pekalongan.
Nutrition Factors in Breeding Place Media and Larva Density of Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Dianti Isye , Budiyono Budiyono , Joko Tri
Published: February 2021

Background: One of the stages of development to the growth of the Aedes aegypti is larvae stage. The larvae need nutrients to grow. A one of medium for breeding larvae is water in the container. Some of the important nutrients for growth are nitrate, phosphate, ammonia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutrient levels in the water of the container density of Aedes aegypti larvae. Methods: Observational study with a cross-sectional with 119 houses as samples. Results:Test the relationship of nutritional factors with the density of Aedes aegypti larvae using the Pearson correlation test. The average distribution of nitrate was 0.787 mg / l, phosphate was 0.186 mg / l while ammonia was 0.603 mg / l and larval density was 66 tails. The study found that there was a correlation between the levels of nitrate, phosphate, ammonia and the density of Aedes aegypti larvae (p = 0.055 r = 0.022; p = 0.001, r = 0,929; p = 0.92, r = 0.975). Conclusion:The conclusions of this study were given the biggest contribution to the growth of Aedes aegypti larvae. A cooperative effort is needed to eliminate Aedes aegypti larvae.
Synopsis of the genus Cinnamomum Schaeffer (Lauraceae) in India
Authors: Geethakumary M P , Deepu S , Pandurangan A G
Published: February 2021

A checklist of the genus Cinnamomum in India is presented including nomenclature, a brief description, details of the publications where the detailed description and illustration of the species appeared, phenology, distribution of the species within and outside India and IUCN threat status. A total of 45 taxa (43 species and two infraspecific taxa) have been recorded here based on available information. Twenty-four taxa are found to be endemic to India. Kerala in Peninsular India records the largest number of 24 taxa and may be considered as hotspot area for this genus. The genus possesses the greatest phytogeographical affinity to China with 13 species.
Ocena zmian zachodzących w poziomie rozwoju innowacyjności w branży motoryzacyjnej w Polsce na tle państw Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Stojczew Karolina
Published: February 2021

Branża motoryzacyjna stanowi jeden z filarów polskiej gospodarki, mający duży udział w wytwarzaniu wartości dodanej brutto, utrzymywaniu miejsc pracy i przyczynia się do zwiększania nakładów na wdrażanie innowacji. Po kilku słabszych latach spowodowanych ostatnim kryzysem finansowym możemy zauważyć, że polski przemysł motoryzacyjny, a zwłaszcza nakłady na innowacje, które są meritum analizowanego w niniejszej pracy problemu, wzrastają. Celem opracowania jest przeprowadzenie ewaluacji struktury rodzajowej innowacji i nakładów poniesionych na jej wdrażanie w sektorze motoryzacyjnym w latach 2015–2017. Przedmiotem badania są przedsiębiorstwa funkcjonujące w branży na skalę międzynarodową oraz na rodzimym polskim rynku. Zakres obejmuje charakterystykę działalności innowacyjnej w sferze procesowej i produktowej. Na podstawie dostępnych danych przeprowadzono krytyczną analizę materiałów źródłowych, wpływu struktury wydatków na działalność w sferze badawczo-rozwojowej, przebadano nakłady przeznaczane na innowacje w branży, a także dokonano oceny sytuacji na rynku w dziedzinie wdrażania innowacyjnych rozwiązań.
Modyfikacje porównań utartych i indywidualnych w twórczości Jana Parandowskiego
Authors: Joka Maria
Published: February 2021

On the basis of analyzed material I claim that Jan Parandowski uses modification of a wide accepted and individual comparisons in his output. Author interferes in various ways into the lexical structure of phraseologies he enlarges it with new constituents (developing innovations), distinguishes particular elements of connections (exchanging innovations) and reduces some permanent components (shortening innovations). Author modifies grammatical structure of a part of phraseology’s over the word building range, also syntax and inflexion, more than once (adjusting innovations). Jan Parandowski has a fascination for language as a material of many alternatives he doesn’t recall his own utterances automatically and his transformations in a range of individual comparisons prove that certainly.
Current Problems of Prosodic Modelling for Speech Synthesis
Authors: Karnevskaya Elena
Published: February 2021

W artykule przedstawiono uwagi dotyczące modelu prozodycznego, który jest częścią multilingwalnego programu syntezy i ma spełniać kryterium stosowalności w językach objętych tymże programem. Wyniki badań testów oceniania jakości syntezy mowy wskazują na bliski związek między ogólną oceną sztucznej mowy a ewaluacją jej cech prozodycznych. Blok prozodyczny obejmuje trzy parametry: tonalny, dynamiczny i temporalny, z których każdy ma identyczną strukturę; aktualizowane jednocześnie tworzą całościową strukturę prozodyczną, która może być rozkładana na grupy akcentowe. Na podstawie komunikatywnie relewantnych kontrastów prozodycznych ustala się inwentarz konturów dla poszczególnych języków. Strukturalny opis konturu zasadniczo przypomina deskrypcję głównego allofonu fonemu. W programie uwzględniono nie tylko właściwe danemu językowi fonetyczne cechy konturów, ale również konotacje semantyczne, dystrybucję oraz częstotliwość występowania. Przyjęcie szerokiej koncepcji struktury konturu umożliwia przedstawienie różnych stopni kohezji między sekwencjami sylab w obrębie konturu. Dzięki programowi opracowywana jest strategia doskonalenia modelu prozodycznego. Modyfikacja struktury linearnej ma na celu bardziej szczegółowe przedstawienie grupy akcentowej. Zaletą proponowanego modelu jest jego elastyczność, uwarunkowana zmiennym charakterem konturu prozodycznego, zarówno wewnętrznego, jak i zewnętrznego.
Ад мiфу да лiтаратуры: сюжэты натуралiстычных паданняў у рамантычнай прозе Iспанii i Беларусi
Authors: Ruis Angela Espinosa
Published: February 2021

У артыкуле даследуецца перайманне матываў i фармальных асаблiвасцей народных натуралiстычных паданняў у прозе рамантычных пiсьменнiкаў еўрапейскай перыферыi, а канкрэтна на аснове прыкладаў з прозы iспанскага лiтаратара Густава Адольфа Бэкера i беларускага пiсьменнiка Яна Баршчэўскага. Дзеля гэтага вызначаюцца адрозненнi i падабенствы розных формаў народнай прозы (казкi, байкi, падання), даследуецца ўплыў падання на рамантычную прозу i прычыны яго перавагi ў гэтым жанры. На аснове гэтых прынцыпаў аналiзуюцца канкрэтныя прыклады часавых i прасторавых элементаў нарацыi (хранатопу) ў мiфалогii i народнай лiтаратуры, а таксама галоўныя рысы пераймання дадзеных элементаў рамантычнымi пiсьменнiкамi. Такiм чынам, у артыкуле раскрываецца роля натуралiстычных паданняў у фармаваннi мастацкiх сiстэм лiтаратараў эпохi рамантызму, што адкрывае новыя перспектывы для еўрапейскай кампаратывiстыкi i гiсторыi лiтаратуры.
Globalization and Higher Education: the Polish Perspective
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Faculty of Education, Krajewska Anna
Published: February 2021

The impact of the process of globalization on higher education institutions and policies is profound, but also diverse, depending on the speciﬁc location on the global arena (Marginson & Van der Wende, 2007; Ball, 2012). This paper focuses on relations between globalization and higher education from the perspective of Poland. It analyses various concepts of globalization and economic and socio-cultural aspects of globalization that seem to considerably affect higher education institutions. Then, the major effects of globalization on higher education in Poland are discussed, and some implications for Polish higher education institutions are presented in order to help them better cope with rapid global changes and meet international standards.
Development Of Learning Video To Boost Grade IV Students Citizenship Learning Outcomes
Authors: Hikmah Ulfah Nur , Ahmadi Farid
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the development, feasibility, and effectiveness of video media globalization of learning material in the subjects of Civics 4thgrade SDN 01 Purwoyoso Semarang. This research is a development (Research and Devlopment). The development model used is the Waterfall model. The population in this study are students of SDN 01 Purwoyoso totaled 27 students. Data collection techniques are test and non test. The development consists of five stages: analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Results of the assessment of the material validator figures show the percentage of 82.14% to the category of "Eligible". As for the assessment of media validator figures show the percentage of 85% to the category of "Very Decent". Based on the results obtained by the Sig t test (two-tailed) of 0.000.Value Sig (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05. It can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha accepted, which means there are significant differences between the learning outcomes of globalization Civics material before and after using the instructional video media. Thus instructional video media products is feasible and effective for use in the process of learning civics.
The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Model on Virus Material of Senior High School on Science Process Skills and Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Pradasti Kania Zulafa , Susilowati Sri Mulyani Endang , Bodijantoro F. Putut Martin Herry
Published: February 2021

Student learning outcomes at Pemalang 2 High School are still low students are less actively involved in learning activities. This is because Biology learning applied by the teacher still uses the lecture model. In this learning model, the teacher has not developed science process skills (SPS). One learning model that can be applied to improve SPS and student learning outcomes is problem-based learning. The purposes of this study are to determine the differences in student learning outcomes in virus material, to determine the effect of the application of problem-based learning models to student SPS, and to test the effectiveness of problem-based learning. This research is a quasi-experiment with nonequivalent control group design. The research sample is determined by purposive sampling. Data collection is done by test, observation, and questionnaire methods. The results show that the percentage of students classical completeness in the experimental class reach 88% while the control class is 72%. The results of the ttest show tcount = 2.80> ttable = 1.99 so that there is a difference in learning outcomes increase in the experimental class. The N-gain test shows the N-gain value of the experimental class 0.62 and the control class 0.52. The improvement of students' understanding in the experimental class was better than the control class. Student's SPS increase is directly proportional to student learning outcomes. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that there are significant differences from the learning outcomes of the control class and experimental class. The application of problem-based learning has a positive influence on student SPS and problem-based learning is effective in student learning outcomes.
The Effectiveness of Jigsaw Type Assisted with Card Problems on Learning Outcomes and Responsibilities of Cell Material
Authors: Pangestika Nandita , Setiati Ning
Published: February 2021

The research aims to analyse the effectiveness of the implementation of cooperative learning of jigsaw-type with the card problem on learning outcomes and responsibilities of student cell material in high school. This is done because students ' understanding of the cell material is still lacking, about 60% of students have not reached the KKM. This research was conducted at the Sint Louis High School in Semarang at the time of school year 2019/2020. The samples in this study were all learners with saturated sampling techniques. The design of this research is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The results show the value of N-gain students in medium and high categories, the average character score of student responsibilities reaches good and very good category, so that cooperative learning of Jigsaw type assisted with card problem for effective learning outcomes and student responsibility character.
The Effectiveness of Role Playing Method in Learning Immune System Material on the Creativity and Learning Outcomes of High School Students
Authors: Nuridah Armi , Partaya Partaya
Published: February 2021

The problem that occurs in the education world right now is the low learning outcomes and student creativity. Based on references, the roles playing method is an effective learning method for increasing student creativity and learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the roles playing method on creativity and student learning outcomes and to find out the effectiveness of the roles playing method on learning the immune system. This research is a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group design. The population are all students of grade 11 in MIA MAN 2 Semarang 2018/2019 school year. The sample is determined by purposive sampling and 2 classes have selected as the experimental class and the control class. In this study the experimental class carried out immune system learning using the roles playing method while the control class used the lecture method. The results showed that 85.56% of the experimental class students has creativity with creative to very creative categories while the control class is only 41.67% of students included in the creative and very creative categories. Student learning outcomes data show that the classical learning completeness of the experimental class is higher than the control class with a difference of 36.12%. The average value of learning outcomes and the average N-Gain score of the experimental class students also have a higher average value of the control class. The implementation of learning the roles playing method gained a score of 95.56%. Based on the description it can be concluded that the role playing method is effective on the creativity and learning outcomes of high school students and it can be concluded that the role playing method is effectively applied to learning the immune system because the results of the study already meet all the indicators that have been set.
Optimization of Internationalization Program of Biology Program Fmipa Unnes with UTM Malaysia
Authors: Purwantoyo Eling , Peniati Endah , Rudyatmi Ely , Avriana Lilih , Sukmawati Sukmawati
Published: February 2021

Internationalization Programs of the Biology study, Semarang State University (UNNES), in order to realize the vision of UNNES as an international conservation university, continues. The objective of this study is to conduct internationalization program for Biology study in the form of student mobility, Credit transfer, guest lecturer, and world-class professor at UTM. This study is an Operational Research (OR). Operational Research is a research that aims to resolve operational problems, which result is used to help solving problems using scientific methods. UNNES Biology study proposes activities in the form of student mobility, credit transfer, guest lecturer, and world-class professor for Biology Student, but then the credit transfer is not done. The results obtained from the student mobility will be the topic at a public lecture from the Biology studies program. Student mobility program is an excellent opportunity for students to have the experience and knowledge at the international level.
HUBUNGAN PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Santiarini Regita
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan perhatian orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV SDN Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 174 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dengan cluster sampling diperoleh 105 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dengan statistika deskriptif dan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan antara perhatian orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan koefisien korelasi 0,479 dan rtabel 0,190 (rhitung > rtabel). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara perhatian orang tua dan motivasi belajar bahasa Indonesia dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IV SDN Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang.
Gene editing to investigate the role of conceptus factors in the establishment of pregnancy in the pig
Authors: Geisert Rodney D , Meyer Ashley E , Pfeiffer Caroline A , Johns Destiny N , Lee Kiho , Wells Kevin D , Spencer Thomas E , Prather Randall S
Published: February 2021

Development of viviparity in mammals requires that the placenta evolves as an intermediate interface between the fetus and maternal uterus. In addition to the retention of the fetus and secretion of nutrients to support growth and development to term, it is essential that viviparous species modify or inhibit the maternal immune system from recognizing the semi-allogeneic fetus. Following blastocyst hatching from its zona pellucida, trophoblast differentiation provides the initial communication to the maternal endometrium to regulate maintenance of progesterone production from the corpus luteum and biological pathways in uterine and conceptus development necessary in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Many conceptus factors have been proposed to serve in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology provides a specific and efficient method to generate animal models to perform loss-of-function studies to investigate the role of specific conceptus factors. The utilization of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has provided a direct approach to investigate the specific role of conceptus factors in the development and establishment of pregnancy in the pig. This technology has helped address a number of questions concerning peri-implantation development and has altered our understanding of maternal recognition and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig.
WISP2/IGF1 promotes the survival of DSCs and impairs the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells
Authors: Shi Jia-Wei , Yang Hui-Li , Lai Zhen-Zhen , Shen Hui-Hui , Qin Xue-Yun , Qiu Xue-Min , Wang Yan , Wu Jiang-Nan , Li Ming-Qing
Published: February 2021

The survival and development of a semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy require the involvement of decidual stromal cells (DSCs), a series of cytokines and immune cells. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a low molecular weight peptide hormone with similar metabolic activity and structural characteristics of proinsulin, which exerts its biological effects by binding with its receptor. Emerging evidence has shown that IGF1 is expressed at the maternal–fetal interface, but its special role in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy is largely unknown. Here, we found that the expression of IGF1 in the decidua was significantly higher than that in the endometrium. Additionally, decidua from women with normal pregnancy had high levels of IGF1 compared with that from women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Estrogen and progesterone led to the increase of IGF1 in DSCs through upregulating the expression of WISP2. Recombinant IGF1 or DSCs-derived IGF1 increased the survival, reduced the apoptosis of DSCs, and downregulated the cytotoxicity of decidual NK cells (dNK) through interaction with IGF1R. These data suggest that estrogen and progesterone stimulate the growth of DSCs and impair the cytotoxicity of dNK possibly by the WISP2/IGF1 signaling pathway.
Análisis de factibilidad y viabilidad económica en la toma de decisiones para la aplicación de cenizas en áreas forestales
Authors: Santillán-Fernández Alberto , Corbelle-Rico Eduardo , Omil Beatriz , Fernández A. , Merino Agustín , Basurto F. , Santoyo-Cortés Horacio
Published: February 2021

La determinación de factibilidad, accesibilidad y logística para la aplicación de cenizas a áreas forestales, es una tarea compleja que agrupa varios objetivos. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) en la toma de decisiones para la optimización de la aplicación de cenizas. El estudio se realizó en dos etapas. La primera consideró aspectos ambientales, sociales, culturales y económicos enmarcados en el artículo 12 del decreto 125/2012 de la Xunta de Galicia para determinar la factibilidad de aplicación de cenizas a áreas forestales. En la segunda se determinó la accesibilidad y logística de aplicación a montes forestales de la provincia de Lugo. Para ello se construyó un modelo heurístico e índice de rentabilidad económica por hectárea con ayuda de la herramienta network analyst de ArcGIS. Los resultados muestran que las herramientas de SIG, complementadas con trabajo en campo, facilitan la toma de decisiones y ayudan a redirigir la atención y recursos hacia aquellas superficies con un mayor potencial de aplicación de cenizas.
Clasificaciones climáticas aplicadas a Galicia: revisión desde una perspectiva biogeográfica
Authors: Rodríguez Guitián Manuel A. , Ramil-Rego Pablo
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se revisan los principales métodos de clasificación climática que han sido aplicados al territorio gallego, haciendo especial énfasis en aquellos orientados a explicar la relación entre parámetros climáticos y la distribución de los vegetales sobre la superficie terrestre (bioclimatología). Igualmente, se presentan por primera vez expresiones cartográficas de detalle (macrobioclimas, bioclimas, termotipos y ombrotipos) resultantes de la aplicación de la “Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial” de S. Rivas-Martínez a una base de 209 estaciones meteorológicas de Galicia y territorios próximos. Según esta clasificación bioclimática, la mayor parte del territorio de Galicia se encuentra dentro del macrobioclima templado, perteneciendo una proporción elevada del mismo a su variante submediterránea, mientras que solamente el tramo final de la cuenca del Río Sil y sus principales afluentes (Bibei, Xares, Lor) pertenecen al macrobioclima mediterráneo-pluviestacional. En cuanto al grado de continentalidad, se puede considerar que la mayor parte de Galicia presenta un clima poco contrastado (bioclimas hiperoceánicos y semioceánicos), debido al efecto modulador del mar. De esta tendencia se aleja únicamente el extremo SE que se incluye en el bioclima semicontinental. Los termotipos presentes en las áreas templadas son termotemplado, mesotemplado, supratemplado, orotemplado y criorotemplado, este último restringido a las cumbres más elevadas del macizo de Trevinca-Sanabria; dentro de las áreas mediterráneas se reconoce exclusivamente el termotipo mesomediterráneo. Los ombrotipos representados comprenden desde el subhúmedo inferior al ultrahiperhúmedo, siendo dominantes los de tipo húmedo (inferior y superior). Por último, se discuten algunas cuestiones relativas a las limitaciones derivadas de la red de estaciones meteorológicas empleada así como la necesidad de su mejora para cubrir las crecientes demandas de información relativas al calentamiento global y su posible influencia en los hábitats terrestres, especialmente en las áreas de montaña.
Uso de un sustrato alternativo a la turba para la producción viverística de plantas hortícolas y aromáticas
Authors: López López Noelia , López Fabal Adolfo
Published: February 2021

Se obtuvieron dos compost a partir de matorral compuesto mayoritariamente por tojo y especies herbáceas, añadiendo en uno de ellos un 5 % v/v de gallinaza procedente de una explotación ecológica de puesta. Los compost obtenidos fueron tamizados a 6 mm y caracterizados física, química y biológicamente teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos para la concesión de la etiqueta ecológica comunitaria para sustratos. Se llevaron a cabo tres ensayos de producción diferentes; con lechuga(Lactuca sativa L.), albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) y perejil (Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Fuss) para su comercialización en maceta. Se evaluaron tanto los dos compost elaborados como sus mezclas en proporciones 25/75, 50/50 y 75/25 % (v/v), con el fin de obtener así distintas proporciones de gallinaza en el sustrato final. De los resultados se desprende que ambos compost cumplen los requisitos para la obtención de la etiqueta ecológica, y que las mezclas son aptas para su empleo en producción de planta hortícola y aromática. En general para los tres cultivos las mezclas que mejor respondieron son aquellas que contaban con 50% o más de compost con gallinaza en la mezcla.
PSICODRAMA, BULIMIA NERVOSA NA ADOLESCÊNCIA E AFETIVIDADE
Authors: Guimaraes Juliana Soares , Nery Maria da Penha
Published: February 2021

Adolescence is a period marked by several biopsychosocial changes, such as the body. When this change does not correspond to the socially established standard of beauty, adolescents need to deal with frustrations and prejudices, which can lead them to become ill. This research is a case study of an adolescent who suffered from Bulimia Nervosa. In this article we will present the results of psychodramatic psychotherapy, especially the therapeutic work of the wounded inner child and the affective logic of conduct that favored the improvement of her eating disorder. We will also analyze how the body carries the socio-cultural scenes, in the search for affections in relationships. By reliving these scenes, in surplus reality, the patient can re-signify experiences of suffering that have released spontaneity-creativity and develop less suffered vincular modalities.