bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Efficiency: Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Gholoom Sheikha Ishaq Abdallah , Zervopoulos Panagiotis D.
Published: August 2023

This study emphasizes the assessment of efficiency and the degree of operating efficiency of mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. This industry encounters various challenges such as expiring patents, the rise of genetics pharmaceuticals, the entrance of biotechnology companies in the pharmaceutical market, the increasing research and development expenses, government regulations of the pharmaceutical industry, distribution channels, and drug prices. All these challenges result in an intensely competitive environment in which pharmaceuticals suffering from shortcomings (e.g., operational and/or financial inefficiencies) are not easy to catch up with the competition. Mergers and acquisitions are major activities to overcome shortcomings and achieve growth. Mergers and acquisitions have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for many years and are expected to accelerate. The objective of this work is to identify whether mergers and acquisitions between pharmaceutical companies can be successful and to highlight the most favourable consolidations. The assessment of mergers and acquisitions is realized through conventional and stochastic data envelopment analysis approaches. The empirical analysis draws on a sample of 371 pharmaceutical companies. The original sample was extended by 870 possible combinations between firms. Our empirical analysis reveals a positive impact of mergers and acquisitions on the efficiency of pharmaceutical companies.
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for postoperative wound infections seen in the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana
Authors: Rakotovao-Ravahatra Zafindrasoa D. , Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina M. , Rakotovao-Ravahatra Joely N. , Rakotovao Andriamiadana L.
Published: August 2023

The management of postoperative wound infections is a major problem in hospitals due to the frequent ineffectiveness of antibiotic treatment. The objectives of this study are to identify the bacteria responsible for postoperative wound infections and to describe these antibiotic resistances in order to improve the management of these infections. It is a prospective study of 52 bacteriological results of postoperative wounds for a period of six months from January 2021 to June 2021 in the laboratory of the University Hospital of Befelatanana. This study showed 26 (50%) isolates of staphylococci, 17 (32.7%) isolates of enterobacteria, 6 (11.5%) isolates of streptococci and 3 (5.8%) isolates of nonfermenting gram‑negatif bacilli. Antibiotic resistance, varies from 0% (vancomycin) to 92.3% (penicillin G) for staphylococci isolates, 0% (imipenem, amikacin) to 94.1% (amoxicillin) for enterobacteria isolates, 0% (vancomycin) to 50% (penicillin G) for streptococci isolates and 33% (imipenem, amikacin) to 100% (cotrimoxazole) for the isolates of nonfermenting gram‑negatif bacilli. The knowledge of antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible for postoperative wound infections allows better patient management.
The loneliness caused by globalization after the COVID‑19 pandemic needs to be redefined
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Countries should localize the guidelines of the World Health Organization to be effective according to their country's conditions
Authors: Mohammadi Masoud
Published: August 2023

No abstract available.
Injury Patterns in Highly Specialized Youth Athletes: A Comparison of 2 Pathways to Specialization
Authors: Murday Patrick F. , McLoughlin Daniel E. , Wild Jacob T. , Kwon Soyang , Burgess Jamie , LaBella Cynthia R.
Published: August 2023

Context

Sport specialization, commonly defined as intensive year-round training in a single sport to the exclusion of other sports, has been associated with an increased risk for overuse injury. Two pathways to becoming highly specialized are recognized: (1) having only ever played 1 sport (exclusive highly specialized) and (2) quitting other sports to focus on a single sport (evolved highly specialized). Understanding the differences in injury patterns between these groups of highly specialized athletes will inform the development of injury-prevention strategies.

Objective

To compare the distribution of injury types (acute, overuse, serious overuse) among evolved highly specialized athletes, exclusive highly specialized athletes, and low-moderately specialized athletes.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric sports medicine clinic between January 2015 and April 2019.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 1171 patients (age = 12.01–17.83 years, 59.8% female) who played ≥1 organized sports, presented with a sport-related injury, and completed a sports participation survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Distribution of injury types (acute, overuse, serious overuse).

Results

The percentage of injuries due to overuse was similar between the exclusive and evolved highly specialized athletes (59.2% versus 53.9%; P = .28). Compared with low-moderately specialized athletes, exclusive and evolved highly specialized athletes had a higher percentage of overuse injuries (45.3% versus 59.2% and 53.9%, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis of the highly specialized groups revealed sport type to be a significant predictor of a higher percentage of injuries due to overuse, with individual-sport athletes having increased odds of sustaining an overuse injury compared with team-sport athletes (odds ratio = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.24).

Conclusions

The distribution of injury types was similar between evolved and exclusive highly specialized youth athletes, with both groups having a higher percentage of injuries due to overuse compared with low-moderately specialized athletes. Among highly specialized athletes, playing an individual sport was associated with a higher proportion of overuse injuries compared with playing a team sport.
Orphan Disease, Drugs, and Dentistry: A Cumulative Review
Authors: Sarkar Anand Shankar , Castelino Renita Lorina , Ajila Vidya , Darwin Deepthi
Published: August 2023

Orphan diseases also known as rare diseases (RDs) are typically hereditary in nature. According to World Health Organization, RDs have a prevalence of 1 in 1000 individuals. Few RDs such as Turner syndrome, Synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis (SAPHO), Williams syndrome, neurofibromatosis type I, Gorlin–Goltz, Schimke immuno, and cherubism exhibit oral signs. The disease’s great complexity and relatively low occurrence necessitates a diagnostotherapeutic strategy based on the Integration of Several Specializations. Rare illnesses require a worldwide agreement about the planning of future interventions. Dentists are often the first medical professionals to recognize RDs because oral symptoms often appear several years before the corresponding systemic symptoms. The objective of this article is to showcase information about RDs and several activities undertaken over the past decade to address this worldwide issue.
Root Canal Treatment of a Mandibular Second Premolar with Unusual Anatomy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Brar Prabhleen Kaur , Brar Rajdeep , Vashisht Ruchi , Gambhir Ramandeep Singh
Published: August 2023

The mandibular premolars, typically, present with a single root and single root canal. However, several studies have shown greater diversities in the root canal system of mandibular premolars. Vertucci found two canals at the apex in 25.5% and three canals at the apex in 0.5% of the cases of 400 investigated premolars. The introduction of magnification in dentistry and the use of cone-beam computed tomography have greatly improved the success of root canal treatment. The present case report presents a case of successful root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with a single root canal that trifurcates and exits as three canals at the apex.
Assessment of Depth of Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue
Authors: Durge Shelley Rajendra , Hande Alka Harish , Gawande Madhuri Nitin , Patil Swati Krishnakant , Sonone Archana Madhukar , Pakhale Aayushi Prakash
Published: August 2023

Background:

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy of oral cavity. It remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. The mortality rate of OSCC is higher in developing nations. OSCC is predominant in region where the consumption of tobacco and alcohol is high. The mortality of OSCC of tongue is higher as compared to other sites. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition has incorporated depth of invasion (DOI) into T staging. Histopathological assessment by measuring DOI enables us the insight about the extent of invasion by neoplastic cells.

Aim and Objectives:

To assess the significance of DOI in the prognosis by corelating with the clinicopathological features of OSCC of tongue.

Materials and Methods:

Surgically operated cases of OSCC of tongue from year 2009 to 2015 in this institute was retrieved from the archival of the department. The patient cohort was categorized into two, DOI ≤ 4mm and with >4mm.

Results:

We observed statistically significant correlation between clinical TNM stage and DOI > 4mm (P = 0.0015); histopatholgical grading and DOI > 4mm (P = 0.002); metastasis by cervical lymph node (LNM) and DOI > 4mm (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:

We observed statistically significant correlation of DOI with TNM staging, histopathological grading and LNM. This prognostic factor will help the clinician for treatment management protocol.
Effectiveness of an Instructional Module on Knowledge and Anxiety of Caregivers of Children Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization – An Experimental Study
Authors: Kumari Raj , Shruti  , Singh Neena Vir , Rohit Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2023

Background:

Diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders in children is a very stressful time for the entire family. During this period family caregivers are anxious about their child’s condition. At this time, nurses play an important role to educate the parents or caregivers about the child’s health, procedure that has to be performed, and pre- and post-operative care after procedure. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an “instructional module” on knowledge and anxiety of caregivers of children undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Materials and Methods:

Caregivers of children with congenital heart disease were randomly enrolled in two groups with 30 caregivers in each control and experimental group. Preoperative knowledge and anxiety in both the groups were assessed by a self-structured questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. An instructional module in the form of a booklet regarding cardiac catheterization was developed and administered to the experimental group while the control group received routine care instuctions. Caregivers’ postintervention knowledge was assessed by a structured knowledge questionnaire.

Results:

Median knowledge score was 2 (2–2) in the control group and 2 (1–2) in the experimental group among caregivers of the children during preintervention phase. The median anxiety score of the caregivers of children underwent cardiac catheterization during preintervention phase was 57.50 (47–61) in the control group and 53 (47.75–56) in the experimental group. The results revealed that there was a significant improvement in knowledge score regarding cardiac catheterization procedure and also there was reduction in the level of anxiety among caregivers in the postintervention experimental group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The study suggests that the “instructional module” is effective in reducing the anxiety and improving the knowledge levels of caregivers regarding the preoperative and postoperative care of children who underwent cardiac catheterization.
Nonconventional Menstrual Hygiene Products and its Usage among Reproductive age Group Women in India – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Britto Dharmaraj Rock , George Neethu , Rizvana Abdul Malik Shagirunisha , Ratchagar Josephin Shalini , Muniyapillai Tamilarasan , Kulothungan Karthikeyan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Menstrual hygiene is influenced by various factors including the products used by women during the cycle. The up-to-date and recent products like menstrual cups and tampons make women more comfortable during the day. The study aimed to assess the perception of usage and awareness of women in the reproductive age group regarding nonconventional menstrual hygiene products such as tampons and cups.

Methodology:

This was a cross-sectional study done among 525 subjects belonging to reproductive age group. The data was collected through questionnaires circulated in the form of Google forms. The questionnaire contained general socio-demographic details, menstrual history details, and the details regarding the usage of sanitary pads its difficulties and the use of menstrual cups or tampons and its advantages. The data were analyzed using various appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

Among the study subjects, 445 (84.8%) are aware that menstrual cups or tampons are present as an alternative to sanitary pads. In this study, 489 (93.1%) have never tried tampons or menstrual cups during menstrual cycles. The most common reason for not trying menstrual cups or tampons among these subjects is as follows: afraid to insert foreign body 190 (38.9%). The study showed that 489 (93.15%), 13 (2.5%), and 23 (4.4%) subjects were currently using sanitary pads, tampons, and menstrual cups respectively.

Conclusion:

The study showed that the use of nonconventional sanitary products like menstrual cups or tampons was less among the study group even with high awareness. The need of right path about the appropriate and fitting menstrual hygiene product for the generation is portrayed.
Effect of Palliative Care Communication on Knowledge and Attitude among Caregivers of Cancer Patients
Authors: Phuke Manda Jaywant , Thigale Pratiksha Nivas , Naregal Prakash , Mohite Vaishali , Salunkhe Jyoti , Mane Ujwala
Published: August 2023

Background:

Palliative care is provided to improve the quality of life of cancer patients, which does not actually cure the disease but to provide comfort, supportive care, and symptom management long as life remains. It improves patient satisfaction and reduces depression. Hence, the study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the planned teaching program on knowledge regarding palliative care among caregivers of cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:

An evaluative study conducted using one group pretest–posttest research design on 60 samples selected by convenience sampling technique. Self-structured questionnaire is used for data collection.

Results:

Pre- and post-test knowledge scores were compared with the help of paired t-test. Pretest mean was 10.733 with a standard deviation (SD) 3.424 and posttest mean was 15.917 with SD of 1.720. The calculated “t” value 15.842, which is extremely significant P < 0.0001. There was no statistically significant association found with the knowledge level of caregivers with sociodemographic variables.

Conclusion:

Palliative care communication was effective for improving the knowledge level and practices regarding palliative care among caregivers of cancer patients.
Effect of Microneedling and Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Gingival Phenotype – A Case Series
Authors: Sonavane Priyanka Anil , Rai Jasuma Jagdish , Shah Monali Amit , Andharia Mudra Sanjay
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Gingival phenotype is a crucial determinant of the periodontium. It not only maintains the health of the tissue but also plays a decisive role in the prediction of periodontal treatment outcomes. Thin gingival phenotype poses certain risks of poor periodontal treatment outcome in cases of implant, coronally advanced flap, and other root coverage procedures. Thus it becomes the duty of the clinician to deal with such cases by prior planning treatments which can improve the gingival phenotype and thereby enhancing the postperiodontal treatment outcomes to benefit patients. In this case series, a nonsurgical treatment modality microneedling (MN) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) are employed in an attempt to increase the thickness of thin gingival phenotype.

Methods:

Five systemically healthy patients with thin gingival phenotypes were included in this study. The lower anterior teeth with split-mouth study pattern have been randomly allocated to nonsurgical treatment modality, i.e., MN alone and MN along with i-PRF. All the patients were followed up for 9 months.

Outcomes Assessed:

Gingival thickness (GT), Width of Keratinized Tissue (WKT), oral hygiene index, gingival index (GI), the patient reported outcome measures.

Results:

Both the groups showed an increase in the thickness of gingiva in 9-month follow-up. The mean increase of 0.62 mm in thickness was seen in Group 1 (42%), whereas Group 2 showed a 0.34 mm (27.3%) of increment. No difference is seen with respect to the change in the width of keratinized gingiva in both groups.

Conclusion:

MN along with i-PRF can provide an efficient nonsurgical option to clinicians to increase GT in cases of thin gingival phenotype.
Manoeuvring Distal Tibial Shaft Fractures with Ender’s Nailing: Case Series
Authors: Pundkar Aditya , Kulkarni Chandrashekar
Published: August 2023

Fractures of the tibial shaft are the most common fractures to occur in the human body. Number of motor vehicle high-velocity injuries has increased in recent years. Various modalities used for treatment range from immobilization with the cast to open reduction and plating, closed reduction and nailing, and external fixator application. In our study, we have preferred fixation with multiple Ender’s nails in a series of three cases with different modes of injury. We found that closed reduction along with internal fixation with Ender’s nailing is a better modality in terms of easy technique, cost-effectiveness, small incision size, no soft-tissue damage or stripping, and complication. Ender’s nailing is an excellent alternative.
Impact of Bibliotherapy in Stress Reduction among Hospitalized Children in Western India
Authors: Trupti Sanagat , Solanki Monika , Ramawat Yashwant , Pareek Shatrughan
Published: August 2023

Background:

Being hospitalized, every individual may experience a wide range of short-term or long-term consequences. Hospitalization is not only physical stress, but there are other factors that negatively affect a patient’s psychology. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in stress reduction among 9–12 years aged hospitalized children.

Materials and Methods:

In the research, preexperimental research approach and one group pretest–posttest research design were applied. The study was conducted at Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, among 60 hospitalized children. A nonprobability purposive sampling technique was applied for sample selection.

Results:

The mean posttest stress score (15.35) was less than the mean pretest stress score (24.82). The findings highlighted that bibliotherapy was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) in the reduction of stress of hospitalized children. In terms of association, only the education of children was associated with the stress levels of the children.

Conclusion:

The findings of the research concluded that bibliotherapy is an effective intervention in stress reduction among hospitalized children. The administrators may utilize this cost-effective intervention in clinical settings for declining stress among children and the adult population.
Strain Imaging in Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Gopal Manivasagam Raja , Bharathkumaran M.
Published: August 2023

Two-dimensional strain imaging has an established role in the detection of subtle or subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in cardiomyopathies. The application of strain imaging, particularly longitudinal strain (LS), is emerging as a simple yet powerful tool in the detection of the early decline of LV function in valvular heart diseases also, including aortic regurgitation (AR). The advantages of strain imaging include its simplicity of the concept and imaging technique, its rapidity, and less interpersonal variability. The detection of lower strain values may help the clinician to optimally time the surgical intervention among asymptomatic individuals with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Such a preemptive approach is expected to improve the surgical results and offer better outcomes in terms of longevity and reverse remodeling of LV. Numerous studies have confirmed that a global LS value of 19.5% is the ideal cutoff for the detection of early LV dysfunction in AR. It has been shown in studies that a decreased strain correlates with mortality in medically treated as well as in operated patients. Apart from being potentially helpful in the timing of surgery in asymptomatic individuals, the estimation of strain is also useful in the detection of the contractile reserve, which is translated into better postoperative outcomes. If this finding is supported by future studies, strain imaging may eventually replace stress echocardiography in evaluating asymptomatic patients with valve diseases. Even in patients with advanced disease and low EF, strain values are helpful in identifying the subset of individuals who show better response to surgery. A cutoff of 12% appears to be useful in the detection of responders in this high-risk group. The usefulness of radial and circumferential strain, apical and basal rotation, and layered strain remains to be established. The extension of strain measurements in assessing myocardial work appears to be an attractive option for assessing LV function without load dependency.
Utility of Global Longitudinal Strain in Mitral Regurgitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Krupa Jesu , Lall Dorothy
Published: August 2023

Background:

The assessment of myocardial function is important in both primary and secondary mitral regurgitation (MR), to determine the timing of interventions and to predict outcomes. Ejection fraction is relied on for clinical decisions, even though, it is well understood that it does not reflect myocardial function. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a promising parameter that correlates well with outcomes postinterventions. In this review, we aimed to determine the utility of GLS in both primary and secondary MR in predicting clinical outcomes. We also aimed to determine the GLS cutoff at which clinical decisions can be made.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding the use of GLS as a predictor of left ventricular (LV) function. We searched PubMed and Embase for relevant articles and identified 141 articles after removing duplicates. We screened titles and abstracts to identify 28 relevant articles from which data were extracted.

Results:

In 16 of the 28 studies, patients had primary MR mostly of degenerative etiology and the LV GLS cutoff for events ranged from −17.2% to −21%. In 10 studies, patients with secondary MR were included, and a cutoff ranging from −7%− to −9% was most often reported except for one study that reported-16.3%, as it included patients with atrial functional MR.

Conclusion:

GLS assesses LV dysfunction and is a good predictor of clinical and echocardiographic outcomes postinterventions. Values lower than the cutoff value of −17.2% to −21% in primary MR and −7% to −9% in secondary MR are associated with poorer outcomes. These findings suggest that the use of GLS as a routine assessment in patients with significant MR may be appropriate for both clinical decision-making and prognostication.
Mixed $q$-deformed Araki–Woods von Neumann algebras
Authors: Bikram Panchugopal , Kumar R Rahul , Mukherjee Kunal
Published: August 2023

Given a strongly continuous orthogonal representation

(U_t)_{t\in \mathbb{R}}

of

\mathbb{R}

on a real Hilbert space

{\mathcal{H}}_{\mathbb{R}}

, a decomposition

{\mathcal{H}}_{\mathbb{R}}:=\bigoplus_{i\in N}\mathcal{H}_{\mathbb{R}}^{(i)}

consisting of invariant subspaces of

(U_t)_{t\in\mathbb{R}}

and an appropriate matrix

((q_{ij}))_{N\times N}

of real parameters, we associate representations of the mixed commutation relations on twisted Fock spaces. The associated von Neumann algebras are (usually) non-tracial and are generalizations of those constructed by Bożejko–Speicher and Hiai. We investigate the factoriality of these von Neumann algebras. Along the process, we show that the generating abelian subalgebras associated with the blocks of the aforesaid decomposition are strongly mixing masas when they admit appropriate conditional expectations. On the contrary, the generating abelian algebras which fail to admit appropriate conditional expectations are quasi-split. We also discuss non-injectivity and the Haagerup approximation property.
One-pot mediated synthesis of pyrimidine and quinazoline annulated derivatives of nitrogen containing five membered rings through their nitrile derivatives as antibacterial agents
Authors: A. Gosalia Umang , Srivastava Manish , Yaduvanshi Neetu , Jaiswal Shivangi , Jain Sonika , Kishore Dharma , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT. Novel five-membered ring (pyrrole, pyrazole and imidazole)-based pyrimidine and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized by one-pot domino approach. This approach has the advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions and a simple work-up procedure. The structure of the synthesized compound was elucidated by spectroscopy technique and elemental analysis. The synthesized compound were examined for antimicrobial activity against four bacteria (E. coli, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa) and two fungi (C. albicans and A. clavatus) and most of the synthesized compound exhibited moderate to good activity against reference drug ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamycin, nystatin and griseofulvin, respectively.

 

KEY WORDS: One-pot, Pyrrole, Pyrazole, Imidazole, Pyrimidine, Quinazoline, Antimicrobial activity

 

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(5), 1193-1208.                                                          

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i5.12
Pediatric HIV epidemic: Status and prospects in Ethiopia
Authors: Lulseged Sileshi
Published: August 2023

No Abstract
Managing entrepreneurship education and undergraduates’ job creation propensity post covid-19 in universities in cross river state, nigeria
Authors: Wokasor Eni Ofem , Richard Ayuh Ojini , Etta Etta Omini , Nsan Nja Nsan , Sylverster Unimke , Okoi Okorn Obeten , Ekpoto Agbor Ekpoto
Published: August 2023

This study looked at how managing entrepreneurship education affects undergraduates' tendency to create job post-COVID-19 in universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the influence e-learning and blended learning on creativity and self-employment among 370 undergraduates drawn from 4,993 final year students of 2021/2022 academic session from all the faculties in University of Calabar and Cross River University of Technology respectively. The study adopted correlational research design. To guide the study, two null hypotheses were developed. A structured questionnaire titled: “Managing Entrepreneurship Education and Undergraduates’ Job Creation Propensity Questionnaire (MEEUJCPQ)”, was designed and used for data collection. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis was used to statistically examine the collected data. Results from testing of the hypotheses revealed that managing entrepreneurship education in terms of e-learning and blended learning has a significant effect on both undergraduates' creativity and self-employment. Based on the study's findings, we assert that managing entrepreneurship education through e-learning and blended learning, individually and collectively, predicts undergraduates' propensity to create job by exuding creativity and self-employment characteristics.
Editor's Note
Authors: Ossom-Batsa George
Published: August 2023

Editorial Note
Syncretism and Inculturation.
Authors: Gariba Joshua Awienagua , Assenyoh Bernard Kwame
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the encounter between Christian theology and Ghanaian religious culture through the lens of syncretism and inculturation. We argue that the perception that the Gospel is intrinsic to Euro-western culture is erroneous and accounts for the inability of the Christian church to transmit the Gospel to African cultures without transmitting Euro-western culture. This has been a major challenge to inculturation in Africa, not least Ghana. Further, we contend that a pejorative understanding of the concept of syncretism is accountable for Christian theology’s rejection of Euro-western Christianity as syncretic. Through archival material and our own experiences of the Ghanaian situation, we demonstrate that Christianity has always been syncretic and its survival as a worldwide religion is precisely because of its irenic character. We conclude that the irenic character of syncretism and inculturation provide sustainable pathways for spreading the gospel message in the church and society.
Assessment of Managing Juristic Differences among Muslim Scholars in the Contemporary World
Authors: Adua Sulaiman Sheu , Arikewuyo Nafiu Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The various juristic schools of thought in Islam that exist today is an attestant to the skills enjoyed by the ancient Muslim jurists in managing religious differences. The gradual fading-out of such skills among Muslim scholars is responsible for the mutual hostility that has greeted virtually all juristic discourses in the contemporary world. Against this backdrop, this study assesses the interaction among contemporary Muslim scholars over controversial juristic matters. The study adopts the analytical method of research. It discovers that there is ample example of positive display of ethics of disagreement by some contemporary scholars. It also submits that the lack of such ethics is apparent mostly in the modern Salafi school of thought. The study recommends periodic organization of workshops for Muslim preachers and scholars on the ethics of juristic disagreement.
Pre-treatment, Physicochemical Properties and Production of Bioethanol from Rice Husk using Fungi Isolated from Waste Dumpsite in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Audu R. O. , Ijah U. J. J. , Mohammed S. S. D.
Published: August 2023

This research is based on the pre-treatment and physicochemical characterization of rice husk and production of Bioethanol from rice husk using fungal isolates obtained from waste dump sites in Kaduna Nigeria. Standard procedures were followed. The results revealed a reduction in lignin (from 21.40 to 12.08%), hemicellulose (22.04-18.92%), protein (14.56-8.56%) and ash (1.31-1.04%) contents which resulted to an increase in the cellulosic fraction (49.55-58.29%) of the rice husk.. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the reducing sugar concentrations of the 50g substrate concentration using Aspergillus niger SIF2 (0.60±0.30mg/ml), Aspergillus flavus CMXY22565 (0.56±0.29mg/ml) and a consortium (1.17±0.82mg/ml) of both organisms after 120 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis. The results also revealed a significant yield (p<0.05) in bioethanol production using Pichia kudriavzevii IPBCC.y.161552 (4.91±2.51%), Saccharomyces cerevisiae FJI (5.39±2.87%) and a consortium (9.02±4.83%) of both organisms. There was an increase in temperature and titratable acidity and a decrease in pH and specific gravity. The FTIR revealed a high ethanol content of 68% from the bioethanol produced from the 50g substrate concentration hydrolysed and fermented using a consortium of molds and yeasts. The results therefore suggest that bioethanol can be produced from rice husk with maximum yields obtained using a consortium of Aspergillus niger SIF2 and Aspergillus flavus CMXY22565 for hydrolysis as well as a consortium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae FJI and Pichia kudriavzevii IPBCC.y.161552 for fermentation.
Prevalence of baby factory and educational access in public secondary schools in Rivers State
Authors: Anele Confidence Chikwe , Ubochi Reginald Onwezi , Ukeh Anderson Anyaso
Published: August 2023

This paper examined the prevalence of baby factory and educational access in public secondary schools in Rivers State. Specifically, the paper aimed at determining the impacts of baby factory prevalence on educational access of students, identifying areas mostly used for baby factory in Rivers State, determining factors responsible for the prevalence of baby factory in Rivers State, and to ascertain the extent baby factory prevalence impacts on educational access of students in Rivers State. The study adopted qualitative and descriptive research approach where secondary data were used as the main sources of data collection. The secondary data were collected from published journals, articles, seminar papers, periodicals, as well as interviews and semi-structured questionnaire. The population of the study consisted of all 185,146 senior secondary schools Students in Rivers State. A sample of 400 students was used. This was derived using Taro Yamane population determination formula. A self-designed questionnaire instrument titled: “Prevalence of Baby Factory and Educational Access Questionnaire (PBEAQ)” was used to elicit information from the respondents. Test re-test method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument which reliability co-efficient of 0.84 at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected was analysed using mean and standard deviation with the criterion mean of 2.50 as accepted while below is rejected. The study revealed that maternity, clinics, water bottling companies, prayer houses etc., are areas mostly used for the perpetuation of baby factory. The study further revealed that poverty, lack of information on human trafficking, corruption, are among the factors responsible for the prevalence of baby factory and can impact on access to education .Based on the confirmation, the following recommendations were made among others; intensive advocacy against baby factory prevalence, promulgation of laws, enlightenment of the teenage girls on prevention of unwanted pregnancy among others.
Lassa fever situation report for week 1 to week 15 from 2021 to 2023 in Nigeria: a review
Authors: Francis Bright Chukwudi
Published: August 2023

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus. The Lassa virus is an enveloped single-stranded, non-lytic bi-segmented negative-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Arenaviridae. Lassa fever is relatively common or endemic in West Africa or particularly in countries such as Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. Humans usually become infected with the virus through exposure to food or household items contaminated with the urine or faeces of infected multimammate rat while spread of the disease between or among persons is by direct contact. The disease cases rises to the peak during the dry season particularly between December to April and falls in May annually. The incubation period for the disease is between 1 – 3 weeks, which can lead to spread from region to region. This review focuses on the secondary data for the epidemiological trend of the Lassa fever disease in Nigeria. The rodent host and reservoir is the primary driver of the Lassa fever seasonal trends. Therefore, to control the disease, it is necessary to control the rodent host by killing it. This can be achieved through the use of trap,poisoned bait and interference with their breeding by killing the newly born off springs.
Language as a tool for unification and socio-economic development in Nigeria
Authors: Obisike Iheanyi Osondu
Published: August 2023

Language is of great essence to man. It is the means through which humans express their thoughts, exchange phatic communion, develop themselves and conquer their environments. Nigeria is one multilingual country in which the role of language as a unifying factor cannot be denied. Every citizen of Nigeria belongs to a particular ethno-linguistic family by means of which social relationships and affinities are shared among people of the same sociocultural and sociolinguistic lineage. The current spate of violent extremism in parts of the country has led to debates on the unity and socio-economic development of the country which cannot thrive in the face of uncertainties and violent upheavals. Thus, this paper discussed the role of language in the unification and socio-economic development in Nigeria. Ideas and opinions were obtained from secondary sources and analysed qualitatively. As a way forward, the paper recommended the adoption of the Hausa language for the purposes of unification and socio-economic development in Nigeria.
Emerging ethical issues in university administration in Nigeria educational institutions
Authors: Wordu John Amaoge
Published: August 2023

Educational institutions are knowledge factories where individuals are  enriched with skills, knowledge and capacity to nurture and develop their potentials. University consists of teachers who are widely read with knowledge and skills with the onus of producing students worthy in character and learning. The study explores the emerging issues in university administration in Nigeria in educational institutions. Emerging issues in university administration are behavioral patterns that undermine the integrity of the educational system. Some of these ethical issues are examination malpractices, indecent dressing, cult-related activities, sexual harassment, extortion from students through the sale of textbooks andblatant disregard for schools ethos and code of conduct. As a way forward, the study suggests that educational institutions should, as a priority, establish dress codes for students and teachers and sensitize students on the core values of Nigerian culture and the likely consequence of unethical issues on the psychic of individuals and the university community.
Was Mikołaj of Błonie a Supporter of the Conciliarist Movement?
Authors: Grzybowska Lidia
Published: August 2023

The main aim of the paper is to address the question of whether Mikołaj of Błonie (before 1400 – ca. 1448), a Polish doctor of canon law, was a supporter of the conciliarist movement. In the first half of the 15th century, the most prominent representatives of Poland’s intellectual elite were conciliarists. Initially, the Polish elite were moderately sympathetic towards conciliarism, but with the development of the situation during the Council of Basel (1431–1449), radical solutions started to be favoured.

This article analyzes selected fragments from two works by Mikołaj of Błonie in the broader context of the conciliarist discussion in order to determine to what extent the contemporary situation and the preacher’s personal opinion could be reflected in the preaching and pastoral texts. These texts are Tractatus sacerdotalis de sacramentis (known as Sacramentale), a pastoral manual written around 1430, prepared for the lower clergy, and two collections of sermons – de tempore and de sanctis – also intended for use by lower clergy and uneducated audiences, written probably around 1438. Mikołaj of Błonie strongly postulated the need for reforms of the Church in membris while maintaining great caution in formulating conclusions regarding the reform in capite. His approach to power in the Church places him more on the side of the papists, although in his texts one can see a distant echo of the writings of Jean Gerson, Stanisław of Skarbimierz, and the discussions by Polish theologians and decreeists. Mikołaj’s conservativeness can be explained in many ways: the preacher’s personal views, the specific purpose of the texts, which did not provide space for ecclesiological discussion, and the context of polemics with the Hussites as well as the need to strengthen papal authority.
Dwie Penelopy. Heroidy Owidiusza a elegie epistolarne Andrzeja Krzyckiego i Baltazara Castiglionego
Authors: Buszewicz Elwira
Published: August 2023

The article presents a bilingual (Latin with a Polish translation) edition of two Neo-Latin imitations of Ovid’s Heroides, preceded by an introduction and provided with a philological and historical commentary. Both poems were written in the first twenty years of the 16th century. The author of the first one is Andrzej Krzycki (Cricius, 1482–1537), who at the time of composing the poem was the secretary of the first wife of Sigismund the Old, Barbara Zapolya. As the queen’s secretary, Krzycki was responsible for the stylistic aspect of her letters, which made it all the easier for him to create a fictional epistolary elegy on her behalf. The elegy commemorates the victorious battle for the Polish-Lithuanian army with the Grand Duchy of Moscow at Orsha (1514). For the poet it was also an opportunity to praise the invincible king and his army.

The author of the second elegy is Baldassare Castiglione (1478–1529), known as the author of Il libro del Cortegiano. He wrote a poetic letter on behalf of his wife, Ippolita Torelli, who was waiting for her husband’s return from Rome. Both authors not only refer to the situation of Penelope in Ovid’s first heroide, but also use Ovid’s other letters of heroines and their neo-Latin imitations. Castiglione also evokes one of Propertius’ elegies (IV 3), which seems to be a “proto-heroide”. Krzycki’s “Penelope” seems to be psychologically less complex, while its Italian counterpart consciously employs allusions, rhetorical games and omissions. Both display a wide range of feelings from despair and sadness to hope, and express deep affection for their husbands. The introduction places the poems in their historical and literary contexts, underlining especially Ovid’s Heroides influence on European Renaissance literature. The commentary indicates some similia and explains many details related to the circumstances of creating these works.
Teatralność troski. Spektakl Kochana Wisełko, Najdroższy Zbyszku jako egzemplifikacja feministycznej etyki troski
Authors: Machowska Monika
Published: August 2023

This article undertakes an attempt to prove validity of the claim that the play Kochana Wisełko, Najdroższy Zbyszku can be seen as an exemplification of feminist ethics of care, especially in reference to its interpretation by the theorist Nel Noddings. The methodological tools used, include the textual analysis of the script as well as the adaptation of phenomenological approach. The categories of a general assessment introduced alongside this reflection are as follows: relationality and receptivity, as well as the practice of empathy, care, understanding and attunement to other people’s needs. The article proved the adequacy of the assumption that the aforementioned categories had been expressed in the play and that they can be clearly ascertained in its reception by the viewers.
Lekka opowieść o tym, co słychać u innych. Anegdota w badaniach historycznoteatralnych
Authors: Kędziora Alicja
Published: August 2023

The aim of this article is to draw the attention to the formation process of the theatre history on the basis of the dominant perception of phenomena, relations between them and the oeuvre of the artists, which has been shaped by the selected research methods. The material, which constitutes the exemplification for the necessity of turning towards the unconventional readings of the sources seen as not so credible, is the autobiography, with the special focus on the anecdotes which are prevalent in it.
Volksdeutsche w Krakowie i dystrykcie krakowskim Generalnego Gubernatorstwa w latach 1939–1941
Authors: Röskau-Rydel Isabel
Published: August 2023

One of the first tasks of the German occupation authorities after taking over Poland was to identify and assign Polish citizens of German stock to a special ethnic category called Volksdeutsch. The aim of this article is to describe how this process played out in Cracow and its environs in the first years of the German occupation. There were some villages inhabited by people of German origin who used an archaic dialect of German, but nonetheless refused to register as Volksdeutsche. Others became a Volksdeutsch, because of the material and social advantages that designation brought with it, but whose German heritage was highly doubtful. The article also discusses the tensions and conflicts between the Reichsdeutsche, or the civilian Germans from the German Reich who settled in Cracow and were onsidered first-class citizens, and Volksdeutsche, who were treated as the second-class citizens.
Obraz wojny w Wietnamie w komiksie The Other Side
Authors: Masny Patryk
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to present the portrait of the Vietnam War (1965–1975) in the comic book The Other Side by Jason Aaron and Cameron Stewart, from the point of view of the historian researching this conflict. I analyze this comic in two dimensions: juxtaposing its narrative with historical reality and with other narratives about the Vietnam War present in American culture. I examine if The Other Side repeats some of the “Vietnam war myths” as well, especially because of the claims of its authors. I take a closer look to discern what interpretation of the history of the Vietnam War was made in the comic. I also present how the authors used events, characters and historical terms to give their work an anti-war overtone. The influence of fiction, memoirs and works of writers such as Ambrose Bierce, Gustav Hasford as well as the reporter group called Snuffies on the final shape of the comic is also discussed.
Morphopragmatic View on the Ironic Use of Diminutives in Polish
Authors: Polak Paulina
Published: August 2023

This paper focuses on the use of diminutives in Polish to express irony. The phenomenon is analyzed from the perspective of morphopragmatics (Dressler, Merlini Barbaresi 1994; Merlini Barbaresi 2015; Nagórko 2015) and reports on the results of a small-scale informant-based study, in which twelve respondents described their evaluation of the pragmatic meaning contributed by diminutives in three naturally-occurring spoken sentences. In most cases, there was a negative reaction to the diminutives as it was considered they represent an arrogant type of irony.
ARSITEKTUR PROTOTYPE AIR TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE DATA BERBASIS ADS-B SEBAGAI PEMBELAJARAN DI PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK NAVIGASI UDARA
Authors: Anggraini Dian , Santosa Asri , Eriyandi3 Eriyandi , Endrawijaya Ika , Zulkarnain Aringga , Giyat Naufaldhy Rakin
Published: August 2023

ADS-B pada layanan navigasi penerbangan memiliki peran penting dalam memberikan informasi pergerakan pesawat, simulasi untuk penerimaan ADS-B telah banyak dilakukan penelitian, namun dalam proses pengiriman data dari ADS-B belum banyak yang melakukan eksplorasi, pada pendidikan teknik navigasi udara memerlukan simulasi untuk memberikan gambaran kepada siswa tentang pemrosesan data dari ADS-B, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat arsitektur Air Traffic Surveillance Data berdasarkan data dari ADS-B, metode yang digunakan adalah metode prototyping yang terdiri dari inpur, proses dan output. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah arsitektur yang terdiri dari reciver yang memanfaatkan RTL-SDR, kemudian Virtual Radar Server dan Server yang digunakan untuk menampilkan data, yang menjadi keterbaruan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengiriman data dengan menggunakan Internet Protocol pada Wide Area n Network (WAN) dengan radius 2km dan dihasilkan data ADS-B yang masih akurat