bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing aerosolization during bone drilling
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: September 2024

The viscoelasticity of poly(ethylene oxide) allows for reduced aerosolization while maintaining coolant performance, reducing disease transmission via the dispersion of aerosols
Classical shadows meet quantum optimal mass transport
Authors: De Palma Giacomo , Klein Tristan , Pastorello Davide
Published: September 2024

Classical shadows constitute a protocol to estimate the expectation values of a collection of M observables acting on O(1) qubits of an unknown n-qubit state with a number of measurements that is independent of n and that grows only logarithmically with M. We propose a local variant of the quantum Wasserstein distance of order 1 of De Palma et al. [IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 67, 6627–6643 (2021)] and prove that the classical shadow obtained measuring O(log n) copies of the state to be learned constitutes an accurate estimate with respect to the proposed distance. We apply the results to quantum generative adversarial networks, showing that quantum access to the state to be learned can be useful only when some prior information on such state is available.
Enhanced energy deposition of laser-produced proton beams in high-density plasmas due to beam density self-steepening
Authors: Xu Wang-Wen , Hui De-Xuan , Hu Zhang-Hu
Published: September 2024

The energy deposition of laser-accelerated proton beams in solid-density plasmas with different ion charge numbers is studied with detailed one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. In the plasma with a high ion charge number, in which the plasma collision frequency approaches electron oscillation frequency, the beam protons are strongly decelerated by the electric field induced by the plasma return current. The energy deposition is further enhanced as the beam travel distance increases due to beam density self-steeping, which is also confirmed by multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. A simple analytical model is proposed to estimate the characteristic travel distance for significant density self-steeping, showing agreement with the simulation results. While in the plasma with a low ion charge number, in which the plasma collision frequency is much smaller than the electron oscillation frequency, the proton beam is modulated significantly by the excited two-stream instability.
An investigation of anisotropy in the bubbly turbulent flow via direct numerical simulations
Authors: Zhang Xuanwei , Liu Yanchao , Wang Wenkang , Yang Guang , Chu Xu
Published: September 2024

We investigated the effects of bubble count, flow direction, and Eötvös number on deformable bubbles in turbulent channel flow. For a given shear Reynolds number Re = 180 and fixed bubble volume fractions (1.263% and 2.525%), we conducted a series of direct numerical simulations using a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid solver to evaluate their impact on bubble volume fraction distribution, velocity fields, and turbulence characteristics. Each aspect was studied based on the microscopic equations of two-phase flow, and the accuracy of the modeling terms used in current Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation (RANS) models was assessed. The influence on the anisotropic state was analyzed using the Lumley triangle, and the anisotropy of Reynolds stresses was captured through the exact balance equations. The results indicate that in upward flow, bubbles tend to accumulate near the wall, with smaller Eötvös numbers leading to closer proximity to the wall and greater attenuation of the liquid-phase velocity. This distribution enhances energy dissipation and turbulence isotropy. In downward flow, bubbles cluster in the channel center, generating additional pseudo-turbulence and attenuating energy in the buffer layer. Moreover, the interfacial transfer of turbulent energy, as currently modeled in RANS, is found to be inadequate for upward flows.
Role of retraction dynamics in bouncing to pinning transition during drop impact on cold superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Krishnaram K. K. , Rahul Sharma , Naveen P. T. , Harikrishnan A. R.
Published: September 2024

A deeper understanding of the post-impact phenomenology of droplets on cold surfaces is crucial for comprehending and developing anti-icing surfaces for various applications. In the present study, a systematic experimental investigation has been done in a controlled environment with a wide range of subcooled surface temperatures (Ts∼1 °C−25 °C), slightly over the freezing point of water. The inertia force dominates during the spreading phase, and the time for maximal spreading is independent of the surface temperature. However, surface temperature has a major impact on the recoiling phase and governs the post-impact outcome. During the receding phase, the dynamic receding angle varies drastically and is also found to be strongly dependent on surface temperature. It is proposed that the micro-cavity condensation induced water bridge formation and viscous dissipation critically influences the receding dynamics. The retraction becomes partial retraction and finally pins at low temperatures with an enhanced retraction time, thus aiding the proposed mechanism. An empirical relationship is found for the average receding contact angle as a function of surface temperature. A scaling relation for retraction time is proposed that takes into account both the transient and surface temperature dependent variation of receding contact angle variation and the changes in thermophysical properties of the fluid. A theoretical framework has been proposed to predict the pinning to bouncing regimes for drop impact over subcooled superhydrophobic surfaces. The postulated scaling relation and prediction models are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Binary phase separation in strongly coupled plasma
Authors: Batool Farida , Akella Venkata Sathish , Tiwari Sanat Kumar
Published: September 2024

We investigated the two-dimensional binary phase separation process of plasma species using classical molecular dynamics in the strongly coupled regime. Both the plasma species interact via a pairwise screened Coulomb (Debye–Hückel) potential; however, the screening parameter κ is different for like- and unlike-species and is the cause for phase separation. We characterize the separation process by measuring the domain growth of equilibrium phases as a function of time—generally, the more significant the inhomogeneity in pairwise interaction, the faster the domain growth. Typically, the domain growth follows a power law in time with an exponent β characterizing the underlying coarsening mechanism. We demonstrate that the growth law exponent is β=1/2 for equal-number-density mixtures and 1/3 otherwise. Further, by comparing these with the corresponding growth laws in binary mixtures of viscous fluids, we show that the viscoelastic nature of plasma fluid modifies the coarsening dynamics, which in turn leads to the observed growth law exponents, notably in the unequal-number-density case.
Confined fluid dynamics in a viscoelastic, amorphous, and microporous medium: Study of a kerogen by molecular simulations and the generalized Langevin equation
Authors: Ariskina Kristina , Galliéro Guillaume , Obliger Amaël
Published: September 2024

We combine the use of molecular dynamics simulations and the generalized Langevin equation to study the diffusion of a fluid adsorbed within kerogen, the main organic phase of shales. As a class of microporous and amorphous materials that can exhibit significant adsorption-induced swelling, the dynamics of the kerogen’s microstructure is expected to play an important role in the confined fluid dynamics. This role is investigated by conducting all-atom simulations with or without solid dynamics. Whenever the dynamics coupling between the fluid and solid is accounted for, we show that the fluid dynamics displays some qualitative differences compared to bulk fluids, which can be modulated by the amount of adsorbed fluid owing to adsorption-induced swelling. We highlight that working with the memory kernel, the central time correlation function of the generalized Langevin equation, allows the fingerprint of the dynamics of the solid to appear on that of the fluid. Interestingly, we observe that the memory kernels of fluid diffusion in kerogen qualitatively behave as those of tagged particles in supercooled liquids. We emphasize the importance of reproducing the velocity–force correlation function to validate the memory kernel numerically obtained as confinement enhances the numerical instabilities. This route is interesting as it opens the way for modeling the impact of fluid concentration on the diffusion coefficient in such ultra-confining cases.
Wafer-scale fabrication of InGaP-on-insulator for nonlinear and quantum photonic applications
Authors: Thiel Lillian , Castro Joshua E. , Steiner Trevor J. , Nguyen Catherine L. , Pechilis Audrey , Duan Liao , Lewis Nicholas , Cole Garrett D. , Bowers John E. , Moody Galan
Published: September 2024

The development of manufacturable and scalable integrated nonlinear photonic materials is driving key technologies in diverse areas, such as high-speed communications, signal processing, sensing, and quantum information. Here, we demonstrate a nonlinear platform—InGaP-on-insulator—optimized for visible-to-telecommunication wavelength χ(2) nonlinear optical processes. In this work, we detail our 100 mm wafer-scale InGaP-on-insulator fabrication process realized via wafer bonding, optical lithography, and dry-etching techniques. The resulting wafers yield 1000 s of components in each fabrication cycle, with initial designs that include chip-to-fiber couplers, 12.5-cm-long nested spiral waveguides, and arrays of microring resonators with free-spectral ranges spanning 400–900 GHz. We demonstrate intrinsic resonator quality factors as high as 324 000 (440 000) for single-resonance (split-resonance) modes near 1550 nm corresponding to 1.56 dB/cm (1.22 dB/cm) propagation loss. We analyze the loss vs waveguide width and resonator radius to establish the operating regime for optimal 775–1550 nm phase matching. By combining the high χ(2) and χ(3) optical nonlinearity of InGaP with wafer-scale fabrication and low propagation loss, these results open promising possibilities for entangled-photon, multi-photon, and squeezed light generation.
Impacts of fossil fuel thermophoretic convective heat transfer on climate change with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Nadeem Hajra , Ashraf Muhammad , Rasool Ghulam , Tao Sun
Published: September 2024

The main aim of the current study is to analyze the impacts of fossil fuel thermophoretic convective heat transfer on climate change with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the purpose of the proposed problem is to develop a mathematical model based on three regions: source region (in terms of rectangular coordinates), plume region (in terms of cylindrical coordinates), and atmospheric region (in terms of spherical coordinates). The fossil fuels release thermophoretic particles, such as carbon dioxide, methane, black carbon, and many others, during burning process in the source region, and then release through the plume region. These particles are then distributed into the atmosphere, where the impact of thermophoretic particles on climate change is analyzed. The modeled nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a dimensionless form using suitable non-dimensional scaling variables. The proposed model is solved using finite difference approach in order to analyze the impacts of fossil fuel thermophoretic particles in the atmosphere in terms of climate change. In this regard, the effect of dimensionless parameters, viscosity variation parameter γ, Schimdt number Sc, thermal conductivity variation parameter ε, coefficient of thermophoretic process k, and thermophoresis parameter Nt on the velocity, temperature, and thermophoretic concentration fields are discussed. The main novelty of current work is that three models in three regions are coupled via trans-boundaries in term of temperature differences. It is very interesting to note that the concentration of thermophoretic particles, along with temperature profile, is maximum at α=π rad and minimum at α=1.5 rad in the atmospheric region.
Series solution and its extension for the nonlinear flow response of soft hair beds
Authors: Sun Bo Hua , Pang Bo , Li Meng
Published: September 2024

In nature and engineering applications, flexible fiber beds covering biological surfaces can play a role in reducing resistance. These fibers deform under the action of fluids, and this deformation affects the fluid flow state, forming a complex fluid–solid interaction phenomenon. To quantitatively analyze these issues, the physical model is simplified. We focus on the deformation of a soft hair bed caused by Stokes flow. Additionally, we study the deformation of a single hair under Stokes flow in greater detail. The deformation problem of an elastic single fiber in a channel caused by Stokes flow can be described by a nonlinear integral equation. We have obtained a new series solution, which has been compared with the previous perturbation method to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the series solution. Meanwhile, we have further provided an extended form of flexible fiber deformation through experimental fitting. This fluid–solid interaction problem involves multiple fields and is very important in many natural and engineering systems. The research in this paper can not only help us better understand complex phenomena in nature but also delve into the interaction mechanism between fluids and solids, providing a theoretical basis for future scientific research and engineering applications.
On the transient dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near the end of a slender cylinder
Authors: Xiang Gao-Ming , Ren Zibo , Yang Jia-Yue , Liu Linhua , Zuo Zhigang , Liu Shuhong
Published: September 2024

In this work, we perform high-speed imaging and numerical simulation to investigate the transient dynamics of cavitation bubbles near the end of a slender cylinder. The bubble dynamics can be categorized into four distinct regimes in terms of the types of bubble collapse, corresponding to the regular jet, needle jet, in-phase double jets, and anti-phase double jets, respectively, depending on two dimensionless parameters, the normalized cylinder radius η (=rc/Rmax, where rc is the cylinder radius and Rmax is the spherical bubble radius at maximum expansion), and the dimensionless standoff distance γ (=SD/Rmax, where SD is the standoff distance between the end surface of the cylinder and bubble center). The peak velocity of the liquid jet could easily reach a supersonic state in the regime of the needle jet when the cavitation bubble collapses near a slender cylinder, and the maximum jet velocity can reach up to 635 m/s. Quantitative analysis of the evolution of pressure distribution also indicates that the end surface of the cylinder will have strong hydrodynamic pressure loading, particularly for the case of η=0.3 and γ ranging from 0.5 to 0.83. Additionally, we find that the collapse time of the cavitation bubble near a slender cylinder is close to the Rayleigh collapse time. We believe that our findings can be valuable in mitigating or utilizing cavitation near solid cylinders.
Three-body deprotonation fragmentation dynamics of C6H63+ induced by electron-impact ionization
Authors: Xue Xiaorui , Zhou Jiaqi , Hao Xintai , Jia Shaokui , Zeng Qingrui , Ren Xueguang
Published: September 2024

The three-body fragmentation dynamics of benzene trications C6H63+ induced by 200 eV electron-impact produced by a photoemission cathode is investigated. All three fragment ions are detected in coincidence, and their momentum vectors are determined by employing a COLTRIMS reaction microscope. The detailed kinematical information of three deprotonation fragmentation channels of H+ + C3H2+ + C3H3+, H+ + C2H3+ + C4H2+, and H+ + C2H2+ + C4H3+ are obtained. By analyzing the momentum and energy correlation spectra among all the three fragment ions, we find that all the three channels are primarily generated by sequential fragmentation processes. Each channel has two deprotonation pathways, corresponding to proton emission in the first or second step of sequential fragmentation, respectively. These results provide insight into the mechanisms and dynamics of deprotonation and ring-breaking reactions in the three-body fragmentation processes of aromatic ring molecules.
Vegetation phenology as a key driver for fire occurrence in the UK and comparable humid temperate regions
Authors: Nikonovas Tadas , Santín Cristina , Belcher Claire M. , Clay Gareth D. , Kettridge Nicholas , Smith Thomas E. L. , Doerr Stefan H.
Published: September 2024

Background Fire activity in the UK and comparable regions of northwest Europe is generally out of phase with peak fire weather conditions. Aims Here, we assess the potential effect of phenology on fire occurrence patterns for the UK. Methods We examined fire occurrence and vegetation phenology in the UK for 2012–2023, mapped onto the main fire-affected vegetation cover types within distinct precipitation regions, allowing the fire occurrence for fuels in different phenological phases to be explored across distinct ‘fuel’ types and regions. Key results The UK’s fire regime is characterised by burning in semi-natural grasslands and evergreen dwarf shrub ecosystems in early spring when vegetation is still dormant. During the high-greenness phase in late spring and summer, fire activity is reduced by a factor of 5–6 despite typically elevated fire weather conditions within that period. Conclusions and implications Semi-natural vegetation in the UK is very resistant to burning during the high-greenness phase. However, this ‘fire barrier’ is diminished during severe drought episodes, which are predicted to become more extreme in the coming decades. Incorporating phenology information into models therefore has great potential for improving future fire danger and behaviour predictions in the UK and comparable humid temperate regions.
Understanding the challenges in bushfire map use and effective decision-making amongst the Australian public
Authors: Morrison Rosie , Kuligowski Erica , Dootson Paula , Griffin Amy L. , Perry Philippa , Pupedis Gita , Begg Chloe , Gardner Angela
Published: September 2024

Background Bushfire maps are an important tool in public decision-making during bushfire events; however, they are understudied in the global literature. Aims and methods This study uses qualitative data from three locations in Australia in 2022 and 2023 to understand how maps are used during a bushfire event by members of the public. Key results The results show that maps provide an array of information during bushfires including information on the bushfire itself, traffic, and the weather. This information helped individuals form risk assessments. However, the trustworthiness and credibility of maps were questioned by participants owing to a lack of perceived timely updates and inconsistency between information sources. Participants expressed a desire for maps to convey more detailed information on the bushfire and related events; however, prior evidence suggests that people may misinterpret complex maps. Conclusions This study found that it is important that bushfire maps are updated in a timely manner, clearly display their time and date of issue, and include relevant information, with an understanding that including too much or complex information may be problematic for comprehension. Implications These findings have implications for how bushfire maps should be designed and disseminated to the public to ensure comprehension.
Academic voice in the rhetorical construction of author identity
Authors: Mu Congjun
Published: September 2024

This paper compares the linguistic features contributing to the construction of academic voice in English, Chinese
and Translation corpora consisting of 180 research article introductions (RAIs) in the fields of biology, geology, and technology.
The study reveals significant differences in the strategies for constructing academic voice across languages. In comparison to the
English Corpus, the Translation Corpus exhibits higher or nearly equal normalized frequencies of certain linguistic features, such
as hedges, first-person pronouns, and passivizations. This pattern may suggest that Chinese authors project a less confident, less
committed, and less interactive voice in academic English discourse. Moreover, the uncritical academic voice that emphasizes
authority in Chinese-authored English RAIs may be attributed to their mother language background. Finally, we discuss the
implications of this study for multilingual professional writing and the teaching of academic writing within the paper.
Joint Human and Animal Health Campaigns in Chad
Authors: Kessely Hamit , Revault Damien , Zinsstag Jakob , Ouattara Oumar , Gbangou Jean-Bernard , Wyss Kaspar , Léchenne Monique
Published: September 2024

Providing basic health services to nomadic populations is challenging mainly because of their mobility affecting geographical access to essential services but also due to their particular cultural habits and beliefs, influencing health intervention acceptance. The strategy of joint human and animal health campaigns applied in Chad for over 30 years has helped to improve coverage of childhood and livestock vaccination and increased access to disease prevention. The campaigns are organized by the Chadian ministries for public health and livestock, supported by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) and its local partners. The use of synergies across sectors intends to reduce costs compared to independent sectoral interventions. The gain lies not only in shared logistics but also in better trust in essential services by pastoralists. Planning of joint interventions should start with a careful assessment of the context through a transdisciplinary approach identifying possible access barriers. This allows multidisciplinary development of mitigation measures such as a locally adapted awareness strategy. The multi-disciplinary approach also provides information on the seasonal movements of the different pastoral groups, which is crucial for the timing and location of interventions. Administrative and technical preparation of the field visits needs concerted efforts by all ministries and partners involved to maximize the benefits. To facilitate the uptake and sustainability of joint campaigns in Chad, the involved partners together developed an implementation guide based on their long-standing experience. This case report draws on this guiding document and showcases it for other actors interested in implementing similar One Health strategies.

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Precursor central memory versus effector cell fate and naïve CD4+ T cell heterogeneity
Authors: Deep Deeksha , Gudjonson Herman , Brown Chrysothemis C. , Rose Samuel A. , Sharma Roshan , Paucar Iza Yoselin A. , Hong Seunghee , Hemmers Saskia , Schizas Michail , Wang Zhong-Min , Chen Yuezhou , Wesemann Duane R. , Pascual Virginia , Pe’er Dana , Rudensky Alexander Y.
Published: September 2024

Upon antigenic stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells can give rise to phenotypically distinct effector T helper cells and long-lived memory T cells. We computationally reconstructed the in vivo trajectory of CD4+ T cell differentiation during a type I inflammatory immune response and identified two distinct differentiation paths for effector and precursor central memory T cells arising directly from naïve CD4+ T cells. Unexpectedly, our studies revealed heterogeneity among naïve CD4+ T cells, which are typically considered homogeneous save for their diverse T cell receptor usage. Specifically, a previously unappreciated population of naïve CD4+ T cells sensing environmental type I IFN exhibited distinct activation thresholds, suggesting that naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation potential may be influenced by environmental cues. This population was expanded in human viral infection and type I IFN response-lined autoimmunity. Understanding the relevance of naïve T cell heterogeneity to beneficial and maladaptive T cell responses may have therapeutic implications for adoptive T cell therapies in cancer immunotherapy and vaccination.
Grammotoxin increases its toxic behavior
Authors: Short Ben
Published: September 2024

This JGP study (Collaço et al. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202413563) reveals that in addition to voltage-gated Ca2+ and K+ channels, ω-grammotoxin-SIA also inhibits voltage-gated Na+ channel currents.
Theoretical investigation of decoherence channels in athermal phonon sensors
Authors: Harrelson Thomas F , Hajar Ibrahim , Ashour Omar A , Griffin Sinéad M
Published: September 2024

The creation and evolution of nonequilibrium phonons is central in applications ranging from cosmological particle searches to decoherence processes in qubits. However, the fundamental understanding of decoherence pathways for athermal phonon distributions in solid-state systems remains an open question. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the primary decay channels of athermal phonons in two technologically relevant semiconductors—Si and GaAs. We quantify the contributions of anharmonic, isotopic, and interfacial scattering in these materials. From this, we construct a model to estimate the thermal power in a readout scheme as a function of time. We discuss the implication of our results on noise limitations in current phonon sensor designs and strategies for improving coherence in next-generation phonon sensors.
Adsorption of Ag, Au, Cu, and Ni on MoS2: theory and experiment
Authors: Harms Haley , Stollenwerk Andrew J , Cunningham Connor , Sadler Caden , O’Leary Evan , Kidd Timothy E , Lukashev Pavel V
Published: September 2024

Here, we present results of a computational and experimental study of adsorption of various metals on MoS2. In particular, we analyzed the binding mechanism of four metallic elements (Ag, Au, Cu, Ni) on MoS2. Among these elements, Ni exhibits the strongest binding and lowest mobility on the surface of MoS2. On the other hand, Au and Ag bond very weakly to the surface and have very high mobilities. Our calculations for Cu show that its bonding and surface mobility are between these two groups. Experimentally, Ni films exhibit a composition characterized by randomly oriented nanoscale clusters. This is consistent with the larger cohesive energy of Ni atoms as compared with their binding energy with MoS2, which is expected to result in 3D clusters. In contrast, Au and Ag tend to form atomically flat plateaued structures on MoS2, which is contrary to their larger cohesive energy as compared to their weak binding with MoS2. Cu displays a surface morphology somewhat similar to Ni, featuring larger nanoscale clusters. However, unlike Ni, in many cases Cu exhibits small plateaued surfaces on these clusters. This suggests that Cu likely has two competing mechanisms that cause it to span the behaviors seen in the Ni and Au/Ag film morphologies. These results indicate that calculations of the initial binding conditions could be useful for predicting film morphologies. In addition, out calculations show that the adsorption of adatoms with odd electron number like Ag, Au, and Cu results in 100% spin-polarization and integer magnetic moment of the system. Adsorption of Ni adatoms, with even electron number, does not induce a magnetic transition.
Nonlinear electronic devices on single-layer CVD graphene for thermistors
Authors: Behera Saraswati
Published: September 2024

In this article, we present simple, cost-effective, passive (non-gated) electronic devices based on single-layer (SL) chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene that show nonlinear and asymmetric current–voltage characteristics (CVCs) at ambient temperatures. Al2O3–Ti–Au contacts to graphene results in a nonlinear resistance to achieve nonlinearity in the CVC. Upon transfer to polyethylene terephthalate, the CVD-grown SL graphene shows mobility of 6200 cm2 V−1 S−1. We have observed both thermoelectric effect and thermoresistive sensing in the fabricated devices such as voltage and temperature concerning change in electronic power and resistance through asymmetric and nonlinear CVC. The device is stable both at low and high voltages (±200 mV to ±4 V) and temperatures (4 K – 300 K). Graphene-based thermosensing devices can be ultra-thin, cost-effective, non-toxic/organic, flexible, and high-speed for integration into future complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) interface, and wearable self-power electronics. A strong negative temeperature coefficent of resistance is demonstrated in the realized nonlinear graphene-integrated resistors for its application in NTC thermistors.
Chiral edge states and direct edge-to-edge transport in a bosonic magnetic ladder
Authors: Zhang Ai-Xia , Qin Ya-Hui , Gao Yun-Huan , Yuan Yi-Qing , Xue Ju-Kui
Published: September 2024

Three-legged magnetic ladder reproduces the main features of two-dimensional Hofstadter butterfly spectrum and the related Chern insulating phases with typical topological edge states, providing new opportunity to study novel quantum states and chiral physics. Here, we propose an efficient scheme to detect various edge states and realize edge-to-edge transport in a three-legged bosonic magnetic ladder. Under the mean field approximation, the eigenstates, chiral edge-state dynamics, and edge-to-edge transport in the system are studied. The energy spectrum and the eigenstates of the system are presented, and both bulk and edge states are obtained, depending on the energy spectrum of the system. The existence of rich edge states (including symmetric and unsymmetric edge states) provides the evidence for realizing the topological transport in the system. Furthermore, chiral edge-state dynamics is excited by applying a weak linear external force, reproducing the underlying eigenstates dynamically, offering a robust way to detect the edge states of the system. Particularly, direct edge-to-edge transport is observed which can be identified by the observables (spin polarization, spin tensor, and chiral currents). The reversal of chiral currents induces the edge-to-edge transport. The edge-to-edge transport time can be manipulated by adjusting the external force and magnetic field. We provide a robust and efficient atomic transport scheme with potential applications in manipulating topological quantum transport and storing quantum states in the ultracold atomic system.
Shubnikov–de Haas effect in the Falicov–Kimball model: strong correlation meets quantum oscillation
Authors: Yang Wei-Wei , Luo Hong-Gang , Zhong Yin
Published: September 2024

We present a comprehensive investigation of quantum oscillations (QOs) in the strongly-correlated Falicov-Kimball model (FKM). The FKM is a particularly suitable platform for probing the non-Fermi liquid (NFL) state devoid of quasiparticles, affording exact Monte Carlo simulation across all parameter spaces. In the high-correlation regime, we report the presence of prominent QOs in magnetoresistance and electron density at low temperatures within the phase separation state. The frequency behavior of these oscillations uncovers a transition in the Fermi surface as electron density diminishes, switching from hole-like to electron-like. Both types of Fermi surfaces are found to conform to the Onsager relation, establishing a connection between QOs frequency and Fermi surface area. Upon exploring the temperature dependence of QOs amplitude, we discern a strong alignment with the Lifshitz-Kosevich (LK) theory, provided the effective mass is suitably renormalized. Notwithstanding, the substantial enhancement of the overall effective mass results in a notable suppression of the QOs amplitude within the examined temperature scope, a finding inconsistent with Fermi liquid predictions. For the most part, the effective mass diminishes as the temperature increases, but an unusual increase is observed at the proximity of the second-order phase transition instigated by thermal effects. As the transition ensues, the regular QOs disappear, replaced by irregular ones in the NFL state under a high magnetic field. We also uncover significant QOs in the insulating charge density wave state under weak interactions (

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), a phenomenon we elucidate through analytical calculations. Our findings shed light on the critical role of quasiparticles in the manifestation of QOs, enabling further understanding of their function in this context.
Regularity and uniqueness of solutions for compressible non-newtonian MHD equations with variable electrical conductivity and energy effects
Authors: Díaz Palencia José Luis
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions for a system of compressible non-Newtonian magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations with variable electrical conductivity and considering the energy equation. We establish the necessary conditions on fluid properties, external forces, and initial and boundary conditions to ensure the well-posedness of the system. Our results demonstrate the existence of regular solutions in appropriate functional spaces, the uniqueness of these solutions, and their higher regularity under smooth initial and boundary conditions. These findings provide a mathematical baseline for the study of complex interactions in compressible non-Newtonian MHD flows, and particularly the findings can be considered to support more accurate numerical simulations concerning a physical situation as well as deeper analytical solutions.
Radiation influence on planar reconfigurable field effect transistor low noise amplifier performance
Authors: P Rajendiran , R Srinivasan
Published: September 2024

Many novel devices have been proposed in the literature to mitigate the short channel effect and the reconfigurable FET (RFET) is one of them. The circuits based on new devices need to be investigated when they are introduced. This work has two parts: (i) designing cascoded RFET low noise amplifiers (LNA) and their performance analysis; and (ii) single-event performance analysis of RFET-LNAs. The designed LNA has a gain of 12 dB and a noise figure of 2.42 dB. The device in the common gate configuration mode is more susceptible to heavy ion radiation and collects more charge (QC) compared to the device in the common source configuration mode. Through temporal and frequency analysis, the irradiation disturbance is examined. In the temporal analysis, the collected charge (QC) is used as a metric, and the spectrogram is used in the frequency analysis.
Study of doping effect of Cd on ZrO2 nanostructures for gas sensing applications
Authors: Hemalatha E , Gopalakrishnan N
Published: September 2024

Here, we enforced the conventional precipitation approach to yield pure and cadmium doped (3% and 8%) ZrO2 powder, to examine the gas sensing proficiency of Zirconium metal oxide. Drop casting mechanism is hired for the formation of pure and cadmium doped ZrO2 films. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) outcomes recommended that the prepared pure and cadmium doped ZrO2 powder samples are pure with no subordinate phase, but slight shift in peaks were detected. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) portrait substantiates the uniform spherical like morphology of the samples. The Current Voltage (I-V) study affirms the good conducting nature of the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) inspection, confirms that the oxygen vacant spots are present in the processed samples. The UV-Diffuse Reflectance Spectra validates the decrement of band gap of the prepared samples with rise in dopant concentration. The gas sensing capabilities of the drop casted samples were examined for different gas concentrations of reducing gases like ammonia, acetone, ethanol, formaldehyde and xylene at 120 °C. From the output data, we interpreted that the prepared samples show favourable response towards the target gas, explicitly the 8% cadmium doped sample shows 39% of an extreme response towards ammonia gas, then 34%, 25%, 20% and 18% towards xylene, acetone, ethanol and formaldehyde respectively. Likewise, it also accomplishes an expeditious response time (RST) of about 81s and recovery time (RCT) of about 85 s towards ammonia gas among all samples. Thus, we resolved that the inclusion of cadmium content stacks up the gas sensing adaptability of the zirconium metal oxide.
A PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid model
Authors: Wang Junchao , Huang Zhiqi , Yao Yanhong , Liu Jianqi , Huang Lu , Su Yan
Published: September 2024

The unified dark fluid model unifies dark matter and dark energy into a single component,
providing an alternative and more concise framework for interpreting cosmological observations. We
introduce a PAge-like Unified Dark Fluid (PUDF) model based on the PAge approximation (Huang
2020), which is parameterized by the age of the universe and an η parameter indicating the
deviation from Einstein-De Sitter Universe. The PUDF model shares many similar features of the
standard Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model and can effectively describe the large-scale
structure formation and late-time cosmic acceleration. We constrain the PUDF model with the Planck
2018 cosmic microwave background anisotropies, baryon acoustic oscillation measurements including
those from the most recent DESI 2024, the Pantheon+ sample of Type Ia supernovae, and the Cosmic
Chronometers compilation. Although the PUDF performs well in fitting all the cosmological
datasets, the joint analysis of the data still favors the ΛCDM model over the PUDF model,
according to the Bayesian evidence of model comparison.
TMS-induced phase resets depend on TMS intensity and EEG phase
Authors: Erickson Brian , Kim Brian , Sabes Philip , Rich Ryan , Hatcher Abigail , Fernandez-Nuñez Guadalupe , Mentzelopoulos Georgios , Vitale Flavia , Medaglia John
Published: September 2024

Objective. The phase of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal predicts performance in motor, somatosensory, and cognitive functions. Studies suggest that brain phase resets align neural oscillations with external stimuli, or couple oscillations across frequency bands and brain regions. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) can cause phase resets noninvasively in the cortex, thus providing the potential to control phase-sensitive cognitive functions. However, the relationship between TMS parameters and phase resetting is not fully understood. This is especially true of TMS intensity, which may be crucial to enabling precise control over the amount of phase resetting that is induced. Additionally, TMS phase resetting may interact with the instantaneous phase of the brain. Understanding these relationships is crucial to the development of more powerful and controllable stimulation protocols. Approach. To test these relationships, we conducted a TMS-EEG study. We applied single-pulse TMS at varying degrees of stimulation intensity to the motor area in an open loop. Offline, we used an autoregressive algorithm to estimate the phase of the intrinsic µ-Alpha rhythm of the motor cortex at the moment each TMS pulse was delivered. Main results. We identified post-stimulation epochs where µ-Alpha phase resetting and N100 amplitude depend parametrically on TMS intensity and are significant versus peripheral auditory sham stimulation. We observed µ-Alpha phase inversion after stimulations near peaks but not troughs in the endogenous µ-Alpha rhythm. Significance. These data suggest that low-intensity TMS primarily resets existing oscillations, while at higher intensities TMS may activate previously silent neurons, but only when endogenous oscillations are near the peak phase. These data can guide future studies that seek to induce phase resetting, and point to a way to manipulate the phase resetting effect of TMS by varying only the timing of the pulse with respect to ongoing brain activity.
Understanding the High-energy Hardening in Cosmic Ray Spectra
Authors: Hu Haoran , Wu Juan
Published: September 2024

Recently, precise measurements on cosmic rays have been provided by various space experiments. A hardening at a few hundred GV has been observed in cosmic ray spectra both for primary and secondary particles. However, the reason for this hardening remains unclear. In this work, we employ the data measured by PAMELA, AMS02, ACE-CRIS and VOYAGER-1 to investigate this question. We study two different scenarios: the diffusion-reacceleration (DR) framework and the diffusion-convection (DC) framework. For each configuration, we investigate both the injection effects and the transport properties which may relate to the hardening. At the low-to-medium energy range, the diffusion slope δL are estimated to be 0.41 to 0.48. It is found that the value of δL estimated in the DR model is lower than that in the DC model. This infers that the reacceleration mechanism can result in steeper shapes in the (Li, Be, B)/C ratios than the convection process. At high energies, a variation in diffusion slope with Δδ ∼ −0.16 is favoured to explain the high-energy hardening structures observed in (Li, Be, B)/C ratios. Recent B/C data measured by DAMPE infers an even stronger high-energy diffusion break with Δδ ∼ −0.19.
Evaluating the Efficiency of CuInGaSe2 Based Solar Cells: CuSCN Hole Transport Layer (HTL) Effect
Authors: Zaidi B. , Mekhaznia N. , Ullah M. S. , Al-Dmour H.
Published: September 2024

Copper indium gallium disulfide (CuInGaSe2) or (CIGS) based solar cells are emerging solar cell structures that have attracted significant interest in recent years. In this research, a SCAPS-1D simulator was used to investigate the performance of the proposed CIGS based solar cell under the effect of a copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) hole transport layer (HTL). Different photovoltaic parameters, such as the efficiency, short circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), are observed with respect to the doping concentration, temperature, and thickness. A comparative study is presented between a hole transport layer (HTL) and without an HTL. The simulation results demonstrate that the HTL has a significant impact and plays a major role in improving the performance of the proposed CIGS solar cell structure compared to that without the HTL. This research outlines a structured guide for both the manufacturing process and achievement of cost-effective, highly efficient solar cells.
Selection of the Lubricating Oil Components Based on the Molecular Adsorption Characteristics
Authors: Zheng Wenxiu , Chen Xu , Li Ting , Niu Tianlin , Wang Xiaodan , Zhao Yuwei
Published: September 2024

The adsorption characteristics of the lubricating oil near the solid surface play crucial roles in the lubricating performance. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation implemented by MS software was carried out to reveal the adsorption properties of different lubricants on Fe2O3 surfaces. Several kinds of lubricating oil molecules were employed, namely, n-eicosane, 2, 6, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecane, 2-decyldecahydronaphthalene and tetradecylcyclohexane. The results show that 2, 6, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadecane and 2-decyldecahydronaphthalene are relatively more favorable as the lubricant components. This is because they both have relatively high adsorption density, low molecular diffusivity and large adsorption energy. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of future lubricant components as well as lubricant performance enhancement for blending.
Research on Size Measurement Method of Underwater Parts Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Zhong Chaochun , Ma Qingliang , Ma Tingting
Published: September 2024

In order to measure the deformed parts under pressure, a size measurement method of underwater parts based on machine vision is proposed, whereas the relative position between the camera and target parts remains basically unchanged. Firstly, the imaging theory of the underwater camera is analyzed, and the mathematical relationship between the size of the target object and the number of pixels is established; Then, the underwater parts measurement system based on machine vision is built, and the image processing algorithm is studied to extract the target size; Thirdly, the genetic algorithm is studied to calibrate the camera measurement system; Finally, the relevant experiment is conducted on the underwater parts measurement system. Through the analysis of the results, the measurement uncertainty of the system is 0.0355mm, and the relative error is 0.1%. The underwater parts measurement system has practical value.
Development of a strip-shaped X-ray mapping system for 9-cell superconducting cavities
Authors: Kuriyama Y. , Iwashita Y. , Fuwa Y. , Tongu H. , Hayano H. , Geng R.L.
Published: September 2024

Electrons emitted via field emission during superconducting
(SC) radio-frequency (RF) cavity tests at vertical test stands often
collide with the iris region inside the cavity, generating X-rays at
these locations. In 1.3 GHz 9-cell SC RF cavities designed for the
International Linear Collider (ILC), stiffener rings located outside
the iris region between cells can interfere with X-ray detection,
complicating the precise identification of field emission sites.
Hence, we developed a high-density strip X-ray mapping systems
(sX-map) that can be inserted into the iris region of ILC-type
9-cell SC RF cavities. This sX-map facilitates efficient and
accurate detection of X-rays generated near the irises, unaffected
by the presence of stiffener rings. The sX-map consisted of 32
sensors per strip, with sensors spaced approximately 10 mm apart.
It was deployed in every iris of the 9-cell cavity, using a total of
320 sensors. A multiplexer was employed to facilitate the readout of
a large number of detectors using a minimal number of signal lines,
connecting the strips inside within the vertical test cryostat. In
a vertical test conducted at Jefferson Lab (JLab), we demonstrated
the capability of sX-map to detect X-rays despite the presence of a
stiffener ring. This paper presents the detailed design of the
sX-map and the results from the vertical test at JLab.
Observational constraint on climate model projections of global compound hot–dry events and the socioeconomic risks under climate change
Authors: Yao Lei , Leng Guoyong , Yu Linfei , Tu Haiyang , Qiu Jiali
Published: September 2024

The frequency of compound hot–dry events (f
HD) is projected to increase significantly with future warming, yet associated uncertainties remain considerable and poorly constrained. In this study, we constrain future projections of f
HD (2070–2099) using observations of recent trends in temperature (T) and precipitation (P) (1980–2014) during the warm-seasons. The physical mechanism is that the variance of f
HD across climate models is dominated by their projected changes in P (ΔP), which can be constrained by recent trends in T and P. Compared to the raw projections, the observationally constrained f
HD is reduced by 9.68%–18.74%, with uncertainty narrowed by 3.79%–10.66% under the high emission scenario. The highest decline of f
HD is located in regions with low population and gross domestic product (GDP), and globally, population and GDP exposures to f
HD are reduced by 6.02%–10.73% and 6.51%–12.03%, respectively. The observationally constrained f
HD with lower uncertainty provides more reliable information for risk management under climate change.
A numerical study of the generalized Steklov problem in planar domains
Authors: Chaigneau Adrien , Grebenkov Denis S
Published: September 2024

We numerically investigate the generalized Steklov problem for the modified Helmholtz equation and focus on the relation between its spectrum and the geometric structure of the domain. We address three distinct aspects: (i) the asymptotic behavior of eigenvalues for polygonal domains; (ii) the dependence of the integrals of eigenfunctions on domain symmetries; and (iii) the localization and exponential decay of Steklov eigenfunctions away from the boundary for smooth shapes and in the presence of corners. For this purpose, we implemented two complementary numerical methods to compute the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for planar bounded domains. We also discuss applications of the obtained results in the theory of diffusion-controlled reactions and formulate conjectures with relevance in spectral geometry.