bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DESOBEDIÊNCIA CIVIL E TERRORISMO NO PENSAMENTO DE MICHAEL WALZER
Authors: Andrade Albuquerque Francisco Deusimar
Published: December 2021

A obediência ao Estado é uma questão não unívoca para a filosofia política. Especialmente se encarado numa perspectiva moral, pois nem sempre o direito positivo prescreve o necessário e suficiente para abranger os direitos dos cidadãos e dos grupos minoritários. Então, parece haver um “direito de desobedecer” – sobre isso parece que há um consenso comum. Contudo, haveria um “dever (moral) de desobedecer”? Tal pergunta, no contexto do filósofo estudado, adquire um rumo próprio, pois a desobediência à sociedade maior só é justificada com a obediência de um grupo menor, dentro desse Estado, que reivindica para si um direito que diverge parcial ou totalmente dos posicionamentos do Estado. Quando, então, as obrigações morais de um grupo menor se tornam maior do que a obrigação para com o Estado? Como se justificaria moralmente a desobediência ao Estado e à Lei, qual tipo de “lógica moral” é assumida? A partir de então, é necessário aprofundar nos limites do modo de ação dessa desobediência. É exatamente nesse campo onde é questionado a moralidade sobre o terrorismo e seu modo de ação na sociedade hodierna. O argumento usado a favor do terrorismo parece ter uma justificativa moralmente clara: é uma situação-limite, por isso justificado usar recursos-limite. Assim, dois subtemas nos emergem: primeiramente, o terrorismo de fato é o “último recurso”? Então, mesmo sendo o último recuso, isso seria uma justificativa – ou seja, tornaria justo – tal ação?
VIDA, ARTE E DÉCADENCE
Authors: Schaitel Douglas Alberti
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade apresentar, de uma maneira sucinta e delimitada, a caracterização de "arte" na filosofia de Platão em contraste Ã Â filosofia do marteloÂ de Friedrich Nietzsche. Para tanto, primeiramente, serão tratados os conceitos principais que constituem uma "estética platônica", bem como apontar alguns aspectos importantes da construção estético-metafísica daÂ teoria das Ideias. Num segundo momento, trabalhar-se-á o conceito deÂ arteÂ na filosofia doÂ jovemÂ Nietzsche emÂ O nascimento da tragédia, demonstrando a importância que o conceito deÂ vidaÂ assume enquanto um constituinte da arte trágica dionisíaca. Por fim, trabalhar-se-á a problemática do "socratismo estético", presente noÂ Crepúsculo dos ídolos,Â a fim de demonstrar uma aproximação do pensamento do jovem e do velho Nietzsche.
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ROBINSON CRUSOÉ E O ZÓON POLITIKÓN
Authors: Sousa Siqueira Rafael
Published: December 2021

Este artigo discute a crítica de Marx ao individualismo metodológico com base em uma interpretação exegética dos dois primeiros parágrafos da “Introdução” de 1857. A questão discutida é: qual o ponto de partida adequado para uma ciência social crítica: pensar os indivíduos ou conceituar o todo? Buscamos reconstruir a argumentação de Marx, no sentido de explicitar as referências teóricas e histórico-filosóficas, para recusar a metodologia individualista adotada pelos economistas, própria da filosofia inglesa e buscar ”“ assim como Hegel ”“ colher premissas no comunitarismo grego, mais precisamente, em sua versão aristotélica.
DO SABER SEM QUALIDADES À QUALIDADE DA FORMAÇÃO NO QUE NÃO SE PODE ENSINAR
Authors: Tedeia Gilberto
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objeto o ensino e pesquisa na área da filosofia no interior da universidade, tanto alguns de seus limites como algumas formas de ação pedagógica que possam superá-los. Após tomar como ponto de partida a máxima de que não se ensina filosofia, mas a filosofar, aponta como se realiza essa tarefa no interior universidade brasileira, repõe uma crítica Ã  especialização dessa atividade, e, por fim, apresenta algumas diretrizes para o trabalho de formação do aluno e pesquisador nessa área. Se inicia com um diagnóstico sombrio do presente, marcado pela quantificação da produção filosófica como padrão de medida do seu valor e da importância de seu autor. Retoma a crítica tecida por Horkheimer em Teoria Tradicional e Teoria Crítica Ã  especialização imposta mediante recorte metodológico que se consolida como modelo de atividade científica e de sua institucionalização. Por fim, conclui repondo algumas diretrizes básicas para uma relação formadora e consistente do iniciando na área de filosofia nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação com os contornos de uma formação filosófica e científica, retomando a estratégia pedagógica estrutural para apresentar formas de pensar a formação filosófica mediante a defesa de certo modo de ler e analisar textos.
TEORIA DAS CAUSAS NA METAFÍSICA DE ARISTÓTELES
Authors: Oliveira Marques Aurelio
Published: December 2021

O essencial deste artigo diz respeito ao primeiro livro alfa da Metafísica de Aristóteles, no qual expõe a história das causas (aitía) a partir dos pré-socráticos até Platão. O principal objetivo é tornar claro como se dá a apreensão dos objetos no mundo, pois podemos conhecer as coisas somente a partir delas. Aristóteles identifica quatro tipos de causa: (1) há a causa material, que está diretamente relacionada Ã  matéria do objeto. (2) Em seguida, encontra-se a causa formal, que diz respeito Ã  Forma ou essência da coisa. (3) A causa eficiente, por sua vez, permite estabelecer aquilo que tornou possível a existência de um objeto. (4) Já a quarta e última causa nos dá a razão de algo existir, isto é, a finalidade do objeto, que Aristóteles chama de causa final. Em suma, Aristóteles faz uma análise preciosa da filosofia platônica Ã  luz dos filósofos pré-socráticos a fim de complementar a filosofia da natureza e refutar a divisão de mundos (sensível e inteligível) para estabelecer sua visão acerca da teoria das causas.
DEBATE EM TORNO DA EXISTÊNCIA DE UM FUNDAMENTO MORAL NA FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA DE THOMAS HOBBES
Authors: Dos Santos Paranhos Bruno
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns dos argumentos utilizados no debate em torno da existência ou não de um fundamento moral na filosofia política de Thomas Hobbes. Para isso, serão analisados duas obras: "The political philosophy of Hobbes: its basis and its genesis", de Leo Strauss, especialmente o capítulo II, "The moral basis"; e "A física da política: Hobbes contra Aristóteles", de Yara Frateschi. Strauss escreve a favor da existência desse fundamento moral; Frateschi apresenta uma resposta negativa, criticando a posição de Strauss e recolocando a filosofia política hobbesiana sobre uma base essencialmente mecanicista e, portanto, moralmente inocente.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Rossinetti Rufinoni Priscila
Published: December 2021

Apresentação aos artigos sobre o Projeto de iniciação Ã  docência (PIBID/UnB), por sua subcoordenadora na UnB, Professora Priscila Rufinoni.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE HEIDEGGER E MERLEAU-PONTY PARA A COMPREENSÃO ONTOLÓGICA DO ESPAÇO E DO LUGAR
Authors: Ramos da Silva Felipe Kevin
Published: December 2021

Pensar uma ontologia espacial, de fato, é um desafio. No entanto, cada vez mais a modernidade em sua “liquidez” nos chama a este desafio, compreendendo os espaços e sua dinâmica para além das formulações globalizantes/totalizantes. Heidegger e Merleau-Ponty, embora, muitas vezes suas elaborações fenomenológicas estejam em campo de análises diferentes, suas perspectivas ontológicas chamam atenção ao entendimento no qual um mesmo espaço pode ser vivido de diferentes formas. A esta particularidade espacial chamaremos de Lugar. O lugar concebido como espaço vivido na cotidianidade, fundamentando, assim, as percepções de mundo, um mundo-próprio. O lugar concebido a partir da espacialidade, daquilo que estar em torno ganhando significado. Portanto, a relevância deste ensaio permeia na compreensão do espaço e do lugar como palco das realizações humanas, daquilo que (re)liga o Homem ao Mundo, considerando a abordagem fenomenológica como filosofia para pensarÂ as geografias-no-mundo.Â 
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Palavras-Chave:Â Corpo. Espacialização. Existência. Geograficidade.Â
JUSTIÇAMENTO COLETIVO E A VIOLAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITOS
Authors: Carreiro Alencar de Carvalho Carolina
Published: December 2021

Com a iminência da derrocada do Estado Democrático de Direito, a sociedade debilita-se e os órgãos do Estado mostram-se de todo incompetentes no exercício de suas funções mais elementares; Educação, Trabalho e Segurança. Compreendendo este contexto, o artigo propõe relacionar as ondas de Justiçamento Coletivo que vem acontecendo na sociedade brasileira, como reflexo do divórcio entre estado e sociedade. Expressando uma crise de desagregação social, onde a sociedade civil apresenta alternativas desordenadas de reestabelecimento da ordem, rompidas por modalidades socialmente corrosivas de conduta social.Â  Usando como aporte teórico a categoria da Banalidade do Mal, de Hannah Arendt, analisam-se os padrões de Legitimação de Extermínio provenientes do social em vigor, que possibilitam a sociedade civil protagonizar as maiores atrocidades. A metodologia para a constituição do artigo será dividia em dois momentos; Pesquisa Bibliográfica e Pesquisa Documental.
DA CRÍTICA À METAFÍSICA À METAFÍSICA CRÍTICA
Authors: Martins Ferreira Gabriel
Published: December 2021

Tomando por fio condutor uma importante questão para a teoria do conhecimento na filosofia moderna, a saber, é possível um conhecimento racional da realidade? O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar um importante debate realizado no século XVIII entre David Hume e Immanuel Kant na tentativa de dar resposta a esta pergunta. De modo que num primeiro momento nos ocuparemos com a objeção humeana aos procedimentos adotados pela tradição metafísica nas Investigações sobre o entendimento humano. Após apresentar a objeção de Hume, concentrar-nos-emos em apresentar o modo pelo qual Kant por um lado, recepciona a crítica feita por Hume, e por outro recusa as conclusões humeanas conduzindo o problema com vistas a oferecer uma resposta mais sistemática
"O Ressurgimento da Metafísica na Filosofia Continental", de Graham Harman
Authors: Santos Lucas de Jesus
Published: December 2021

A partir de uma interpretação renovada da análise da ferramenta de Heidegger, argumenta-se em prol de uma filosofia dos objetos, de modo a desfazer a centralidade da figura humana na filosofia continental e abrir uma porta para uma novo realismo metafísico. A tese principal é a de que os objetos não são esgotáveis por quaisquer relações em que se insiram, não podendo, portanto, ser reduzidos a quaisquer uma delas. Dessa forma, as relações estabelecidas pelos humanos com os objetos não têm nenhuma excepcionalidade sobre as demais formas de relações interobjetuais não-humanas. Isso leva a algumas considerações sobre o que são os objetos e como eles se comportam.
ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE VOLUME OF MUTUAL TRADE OF THE EAEU MEMBER STATES
Authors: Tsvil Mariya , Guleva Ella , Zubkova Margarita
Published: December 2021

The article provides econometric time series models for the volumes of mutual trade of the EAEU member states based on quarterly data from the 1st quarter of 2017 to the 3rd quarter of 2021. An exponential smoothing model and a multiplicative model are built. Also, a forecast was made for the volume of mutual trade in the IV quarter of 2021
FORECASTING THE VOLUMES OF IMPORT OF LIVE ANIMALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Tsvil Mariya , Plotnikova Victoria , Stadnikova Elena
Published: December 2021

This article provides an econometric analysis of the volume of imports of live animals in the Russian Federation according to the data of 01.01.2018-30.09.2021. by quarters. Based on the presented quarterly data, an econometric model was developed and a forecast for the volume of imports of live animals in the 4th quarter of 2021 was calculated
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE ROSTOV REGION
Authors: Sidorina Tat'yana , Kolesnikov Anatoliy
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the analysis of the innovation activity of the Rostov region; the main indicators that have the greatest and least influence in the structure of innovative activity are determined, including the main indicators of innovative activity in percentage terms and in millions of rubles; analyzed the innovative activity of organizations; based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn regarding the state of indicators of innovative activity in the Rostov region
CURRENT ASPECTS OF USING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM TO PROTECT AGAINST CORPORATE FRAUD
Authors: Izvarina Nataliya , Zolotukhin Ilya , Listova Anna , Belov Egor
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of corporate fraud as a category of crimes against property. Countering corporate fraud is one of the key tasks of business. The tasks of the company's owners and management are presented in a structured form, which are solved when using the economic security system to protect against fraud. Organizational measures in the company's fraud protection system and control procedures requiring the identification of areas for detailed verification are recommended.
New Features and Trends of Higher Education during the Epidemic Period
Authors: Bin Yan , Joseph Eleojo Victor , Oguche Innocent Amodu
Published: December 2021

The epidemic that ravaged the world has had impact on every element of human endeavors, including education. This devastation was evident in the speed with which several countries' ministries of education shut down school activities and halted academic sessions. In the wake of the epidemic, several trends and features has emerged in the higher education sector as higher education institutions tries to create methods to offset the disruptive impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on their activities and operations. The trends that will shape the future of the higher education industry are not new. However, the epidemic on the other hand has hastened their progress. It has become evident over the last year what the post-epidemic higher education institutions will look like. The rapid speed of change that has already begun will continue. It is in tandem to this that this paper identifies and discuss some of the emerging trends and new features of higher education in the epidemic period.
The Internal Examination of Ideology and Politics Education in Colleges and Universities under the Perspective of Social Subject Research Method
Authors: Duanxian Wang
Published: December 2021

Human is the subject of social and historical development process. The essence of human is the sum of social relations, and the masses are the creators of history. This is the basic content of social subject research methods, and also an important principle that must be followed by the subject category in ideology and politics education in colleges and universities. From the perspective of social subject research methods, the internal examination of the thought and politics education activities in colleges and universities should include three basic dimensions: adhering to examine the ideological and political moral construction activities via communicative practice, adhering to the principle of "all members, whole process and all dimensions (three-all principle)" to examine the "macro ideological and political" education concept, and adhering to the examination of the innovation of the ideology and politics education method system in higher education for the promotion of students’ subjectivity.
Research on Railway Engineering Experiment Teaching Principles Based on Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching——Taking the Floating Slab Vibration Damping Track Virtual Experiment as an Example
Authors: Zhihui Zhu , Zhiping Zeng , Jing Liu , Lili Liu , Lei Xu , Wei Chen , Wei Li , Jianyang Luo , Joseph Eleojo Victor
Published: December 2021

Virtual simulation teaching is an addendum to the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering, and the two teaching methods complement each other and merge with each other. In view of the current research, there is little discussion about the integration path of the two above. Based on the connotation and design of virtual simulation teaching, this research systematically expounds the integration of the real path and path optimization problems, and puts forward the railway engineering experimental teaching principles based on virtual simulation teaching. On the basis of this research, a virtual simulation experiment platform for vibration mechanics and its application in the floating slab vibration damping track was developed to make full use of three-dimensional modeling, virtual reality, human-computer interaction and other technologies, which can realistically simulate the vibration law and vibration damping effect of the rail transit system, and in the hope that the virtual simulation teaching can be widely used in the experimental teaching mode of railway engineering in the future.
The End of Western Economic Growth Theory
Authors: Peixiong Chen
Published: December 2021

Economics is a science that studies how the economy grows, so the theory of economic growth is the most important theory of economics. In the real market economy society, people achieve the goal of economic growth through two kinds of economic activities: production and transaction. Then a correct economic growth theory must be one that can explain both production and transaction economic activities. Just like Newton’s law of universal gravitation in physics, it can explain the motion law of all objects. For a long time, we have been dominated by the western economic growth theory of western mainstream economics. It is not difficult to find that it has a fatal defect, which can only explain production economic activities but not transaction economic activities. So it can’t explain the Chinese economy, and it can’t explain the western economy. The new economic growth theory proposed in this paper makes up for the defects of western economic growth theory, and it is the terminator of western economic growth theory. This is a revolution of new economics to traditional western economics.
An Empirical Analysis of the Annual Report Effect of High Market Capitalization Companies in China
Authors: Xin Liu , Xi Huang , Ganya Su
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we study the abnormal stock price returns of the top 10 stocks in the Chinese stock market in terms of total market capitalization before and after the release of their annual reports in the past 10 years, using the event study method implemented by the Event Study package of the Alpha Library under Python, using a market model to estimate normal returns. The results find that and most of the events have insider phenomenon.
On the “Past and Present” of Hong Kong’s Finance
Authors: Boya Zhou , Zifei Wang
Published: December 2021

Finance is vital to a country, and Hong Kong, as a special part of the large economy of China, has unique advantages and development history. And Hong Kong’s growth from a small fishing village to a financial centre has its inevitable factors: historical, geographical and policy advantages. After nearly a century of rapid development, Hong Kong has achieved many proud accomplishments in the following fields: economy, medicine, education, etc. In the process, the cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland has become increasingly close, and the two sides of the Strait have become excellent “partners”. In recent years, due to the COVID-19 epidemic and the rise of China as a big economy, Hong Kong is facing an unavoidable dilemma. In view of this, the authors suggest that Hong Kong can develop financial technology, enhance financial security,  implement green finance, and promote corporate innovation. At the same time, Hong Kong should also strengthen the relationship with the mainland. Generally speaking, under the current circumstances, Hong Kong will continue to exist as an important financial center of China, but Hong Kong should also actively face the challenges of the times and explore new developments directions in the future.
Castleman lymphadenopathy: case review
Authors: Gavrilyuk O. M. , Tomashova S. A. , Stolіar H. L.
Published: December 2021

Background. While examining regional lymph nodes removed with the tumor, the pathomorphologist is often limited to the exclusion of metastases, omitting changes in lymphoid tissue. The aim of the work is to describe a rare variant of Castleman-like lymphadenopathy in the surgical material obtained during the removal of colon cancer with regional lymph nodes. Methods. Pathomorphological examination of removed lymph nodes using histological and immunohistochemical methods (CD23). Results. A 73-year-old patient underwent surgery for rectal cancer. Pathomorphological analysis diagnosed adenocarcinoma of high degree of differentiation (G1) and revealed Castleman-like changes in some of the enlarged regional mesenteric lymph nodes: signs of different stages of development of lymphoid follicles, including their hyperplasia, atresia and fragmentation with preservation of activated CD23+ follicular dendritic cells and reaction of microvasculature, including vascular proliferation in the interfollicular areas with uneven narrowing of the sinuses. The discussion analyzes the probable genesis of changes in lymphoid tissue, which may be a reflection of the early stage of Castleman's disease, complication of radiation therapy performed in the preoperative stage, or a consequence of impaired immune status due to tumor growth, in particular with antigenic overloading of draining lymphoid tissue, effects of cytokines produced by inflammatory infiltrate cells that accumulate directly near the tumor, and the formation of a state of genetic instability, which progresses under the influence of radiation. Conclusion. Despite the rarity of Castleman-like lymphadenopathy, in each case of examination of lymph nodes in the surgical material it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of lymphoid tissue, as this may be important both to assess the prognosis and to select adequate therapy.
The dynamics of morphological changes of structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the thirty-fifth and forty-second days while applying the experimental opioid impact
Authors: Pankiv M. V.
Published: December 2021

Background. According to the WHO, the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which cause disability and mortality, rank fourth in the world following cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Due to the statistics, every fifth person suffers from back pain. Chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system are also one of the most urgent problems in Ukraine, and about 3.5 million people encountered the problem of musculoskeletal system. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of opioids on changes of structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the fifth and sixth weeks of the experiment. Methods. The materials of the study were 32 sexually mature, outbred male rats, weighing from 125 to 135 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbuphine intramuscularly daily in the same intervals (at 10-11 am) for 42 days. This aim was achieved by using microscopic techniques of visualization of cellular components of the rat’s intervertebral disc. Histological specimens were prepared according to the common methods using the dye hematoxylin, eosin, azan according to Heidenhain method, PAS reaction according to McManus and Alcian blue according to Steedman. Results. As a result of experimental opioid exposure for 35 and 42 days, we discovered that in 35 days the gelatinous nucleus was reduced and deformed. Notochondral cells were rare. Mostly cell-free zones with a somewhat compacted matrix were localized in the gelatinous nucleus. In 42 days, there were significant structural changes in the gelatinous nucleus, as well as in the structural elements of the fibrous ring and cartilaginous locking plates. The amount of notochondral cells was reduced. The cytoplasm of some notochondral cells was compacted. Conclusion. Pathomorphological changes in the structural components of the intervertebral disc while applying the experimental opioid effect at the end of the 35th and 42nd days will serve as a basis for further study and comparison of the manifestations of opioid chondropathy in the longer periods applying experimental opioid impact.
Reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes of guinea pigs airways to the experimental allergic inflammation according to the morphometric study
Authors: Popko S. S.
Published: December 2021

Background. After creating an animal model of experimental airways allergic inflammation using ovalbumin, scientists mainly studied the reaction of the cellular and humoral links of the acquired specific immunity. At the same time, it is known that the development of allergic inflammation of the airways to the effect of the environmental chemoattractants is primarily the result of the local innate immune system response. Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of the airway epithelium with the help of neuropeptides activate the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 by type 2 innate lymphoid cells IL-5 determines the eosinophilic inflammation. The question of the reaction of the components of innate immunity of the respiratory tract to the allergic inflammation in most aspects remains open. open. Objective. The purpose of the current study was to define the reaction of eosinophilic granulocytes in guinea pigs lungs as an important component of the innate immunity of the respiratory tract to experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation according to the data of a morphometric study. Methods. Histological, morphometric, statistical methods were used to study the topographic features and the number of eosinophils in the lungs of male 48 guinea pigs on the 23rd, 30th, 36th and 44th days after initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. Results. Our study demonstrates a significant reaction occurs on the part of the cellular link of innate immunity, which consists in the activation of eosinophils, in the experimental model of ovalbumin-induced airways allergic inflammation. The most significant changes were observed in the distal parts of the intrapulmonary airways and in the structures of the pulmonary acinus in the early period of the development of the inflammatory process (23rd and 30th days after the start of the experiment). The late (36th and 44th days after the start of the experiment) period of the development of an allergic inflammatory process in the lungs is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the activity of eosinophilic inflammation. At the same time, the quantitative indicators remain statistically significantly higher in the intact and control groups, which indicates the continuation of allergic inflammation in the absence of the action of the allergen and is a manifestation of the violation of the recovery and adaptation processes in the local immune system of the lung. Conclusion. After ovalbumin-sensitization and aeroallergization eosinophilic inflammation develops in the lungs of a guinea pig, as a result of the reaction of the innate immunity to the action of an allergen. Actively and first of all, allergic eosinophilic inflammation develops in the distal airways (terminal bronchioles) and in the connective tissue stroma of the pulmonary acinus.
Ultrastructure of the hemomicrocirculatory bed and parenchymatous-stromal elements of the pancreas and liver in a model of acute pancreatitis using different doses of L-arginin
Authors: Tverdokhlib I. V. , Zinenko D. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Background. The development of acute pancreatitis is not limited to isolated damage to the pancreas. After creating models of acute pancreatitis using various substances that enhance the secretion of the gland, have a toxic or local activating effect, the researchers showed their dose-dependent effect. The question of the reaction of the hepatic microcirculation system during the development of acute pancreatitis, as well as their pathogenetic significance in the development of pathomorphological changes in the pancreas and liver in most aspects remains open. Objective. The purpose of the current study was to define the role of the hepatic mircocirculation in development of ultrastructural parenchymatous-stromal changes of the pancreas and liver in a model of acute pancreatitis using different doses of L-arginin. Methods. The variants of acute pancreatitis model were used with injection of L-arginin in dosage 3 g/kg; 4 g/kg and 5 g/kg. The morphological research of pancreas and liver were carried out in 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after initiation of inflammation. Results. The visible reaction of hepatic mircocirculation in the experimental model of acute pancreatitis was depended on character of pathomorphological changes in pancreas. This reaction demonstrated the phase character including: 1) activation of hepatic circulation, first of all in portal component, against a background of pancreatic enzyme toxemia; 2) development of inflammatory, dystrophic, destructive and necrotic changes in hepatic parenchyme together with mircocirculation disorders against a background of pancreatic necrotic toxemia; 3) recovery and adaptation or decompensation processes in mircocirculation system of liver and hepatic parenchyme depending on the degree of pancreatogenic toxemia|. Conclusion. Within 72 hours of the experiment, at the lowest and middling doses of L-arginin, in the context of reduction of acute pancreatitis, there is a gradual renovation of the structure of the microvessels and normalization of the microcirculation of the liver. In the maximum doses L-arginin cause degradation of the liver microvessels with the progression of hemorrhages, slit red blood cells and platelet aggregation, which causes blockage of the microcirculation and the development of necrotic changes in the hepatic parenchyma.
Mechanisms of macro-, micro- and ultramicroscopic transformation of bodies in diabetes
Authors: Savka I.I. , Tsytovskyi M.N. , Dmytriv G.M.
Published: December 2021

The study of structural changes of organs and tissues in the context of diabetes is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. According to WHO, in all countries of the world the number of patients with diabetes exceeds 175 million. According to an expert estimate of the spread of this disease by 2025 will make about 300 million people. More than 1 million people with diabetes have been officially registered in Ukraine. WHO has recognized the disease as a non-communicable epidemic. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes requires a detailed study of this problem. It is established that the prevalence of diabetes increases among the population of the countries of the world depending on the region, the level of economic development of the country, gender and age. Thus, according to IDF findings, there is a tendency for the highest prevalence of diabetes among the urban (urban) able-bodied population of developing countries in persons between 40 and 59 years of age, approximately equal in both male and female. The number of patients is increasing, mainly due to patients with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus) is a severe progressive chronic disease that is an independent risk factor for heart failure (CH) and cardiovascular complications. In the XXI century. the steady growth of type 2 diabetes and the frequency of its serious consequences is of great concern to the world medical community. It is important that at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of complications leading to a decline in quality of life, early disability and premature death is already high enough. Despite the presence in the fight against this disease effective drugs, modern technologies, new educational and preventive techniques, mankind loses the fight against diabetes year after year, which leads to disability due to its complications, reducing the life expectancy and quality of life of patients, loss working capacity and premature mortality. Thus, the current prevalence and incidence of diabetes and life-threatening complications suggest that there is a non-communicable diabetes epidemic in the world and in Ukraine in particular. The article represents analysis of work of numerous researchers who studied statistіcal, clinical and morphological aspects of the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular system. Main morphogenetic, morphological and clinical aspects of complications of diabetes, pathologies of microcirculation of patients with diabetes were dedicated, what makes possible to predict and detect on the early stages vascular complications in diabetes and to perform effective prevention and treatment.
Results of experimental research of wound ballistics of separate types and calibers of modern bullets
Authors: Tsymbalyuk V.I. , Lurin I.A. , Usenko O.Yu. , Gumeniuk K.V. , Krymchuk S.G. , Gryshchenko O.V. , Lopatuk K.A.
Published: December 2021

There was made the analysis of wound ballistics of modern expansive bullets in comparison with shell bullets on 25 blocks of ballistic plasticine (ROMA PLASTILINA No. 1, Ballistic Testing Backing Material), made in the USA, in which one shot from an AKS-74 automatic firearm and carbine ZBROYAR Z-10 with an optical sight was fired. The bullet speed was the highest in  5.45x39 caliber cartridge with a V-max bullet. – 1185 m/s, low in the bullet caliber cartridge .308 Win with a bullet SP, – 664 m/s. The difference is significant at the level of significance α=0.05. In terms of the size of the entrance hole, the largest is from the bullet of cartridge .308 Win with a bullet SP – 10.0 cm, the smallest - from the bullet "PS" with a steel core 5.45x39 mm, cartridge sample of the year 1974 (7H6) – 1.2 cm. The difference is significant at the level of significance α=0.05. In the expansive bullet of type "V-Max" of shortgun cartridge of caliber 5.45x39 mm, the size of the entrance hole was 9.1 cm, with asterial shape having radial  gaps and turned edges of ballistic plasticine on the outside. All cartridges with expansive bullets did not have an exit hole after the shot. The dimensions of the formed residual cavity were the largest after firing with .308 Win caliber cartridge with a bullet SP – 25.0x5.0 cm., the smallest – bullet of a military caliber cartridge of 5.45x39 mm (7H6) – 6.0x4.0 cm. The difference is significant at significance level α=0.05. The shape and character of the residual cavity in ballistic plasticine was significant for all expansive bullets, in contrast to the bullet of a military cartridge 5.45x39 mm (7H6), where no such changes are detected. The considerable signs of expansion properties and deformation of the bullet in the form of a "flower of death" were identified in the bullet of caliber cartridge .308 Win with a bullet SP, other bullets with expansive properties showed significant fragmentation, with the location of fragments both in the residual cavity and outside its borders at different distances. Expansive bullets differ significantly at the level of significance α=0.05. The low flight speed of bullets (m/s) of .308 Win caliber cartridges with bullets BTHP and SP is due to their structure, weight, and caliber. Bullet of type V-max with cartridge 5.45x39 mm has the highest speed – 1185 m/s, and due to its design has significant expansive properties. Common to expansive bullets is a entrance hole, the blind nature of the lesion with the presence of a  large residual cavity, which is due to kinetic energy return 114.37 E, J/mm2 inside the object of lesion. Fragmentation of expansion bullets occurs inside an object with fragments located at different distances. A .308 Win caliber cartridge with  SP bullet causes deformation of s bullet by the type of "death flower" causing significant damage.
Role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (literature review)
Authors: Koval S.M. , Snihurska I.O.
Published: December 2021

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an extremely common disease that leads to the development of life-threatening complications but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. One of the promising directions in this area is the study of disorders of gut microbiota. Literature data indicate that a number of quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are the most important factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bacteria of the genera Ruminococcus, Fusobacterium and Blautia are most involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The participation of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to its metabolites, which play an important role in the regulation of the permeability and integrity of the intestinal wall, the expression of specific intestinal receptors, incretin secretion, gluconeogenesis activity, chronic subclinical inflammation, and even in adipose tissue remodeling. Further in-depth study of gut microbiota disorders is promising in order to develop fundamentally new approaches to the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Clinical and laboratory markers of the new coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 in hospitalized patients
Authors: Shostakovych-Koretskaya  L.R. , Kireyeva T.V. , Shevchenko-Makarenko O.P. , Turchin M.O. , Chumak V.I. , Chortok V.O. , Drobyshevska O.M.
Published: December 2021

The prognostic predictors of an unfavorable course of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its complications with manifestations of pneumonia and the need for oxygen support and connection to the invasive mechanical ventilation were studied. Clinical and laboratory associations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were evaluated, the possible predictors of connection to the invasive mechanical ventilator in 37 patients were identified. Patients were hospitalized on day 6.65±3.32 of the disease, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) depended on the severity of the disease and response to therapy. Positive significant correlations between the level of growth stimulating factor (ST2) and D-Dimer, creatine phosphokinase MB fraction (CPK-MB) and D-dimmer, CPK-MB and ST2 were revealed, as well as of ferritin and D-Dimer with ST2. There were no significant associations with troponin. C-reactive protein (CRP) probably correlated with CPK-MB and ferritin. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) indicator had significant correlations with D-dimmer, ST2 and CPK-MB. Cox regression analysis showed that the survival curve has a stepwised nature and the highest risk of deterioration, which requires mechanical ventilation, was noted on the 6th day of illness (95.0% CI = 0.9-1.0, with an average SpO2 level =87.3%). ROC analysis showed the presence of a possible relationship between D-Dimer, ST2 protein, CPK-MB and the risk of developing a critical condition requiring mechanical ventilation in patients. The study showed that COVID-19 disease has a phase nature, when after the first phase of the disease, the pulmonary phase and hypercytokinemia progress in some patients with the development of hypoxia, a decrease in SpO2. Therefore, the identification of markers of disease progression is essential for predicting the course and possible prevention of the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome with the use of invasive mechanical ventilation.
Pulmonary comorbidity in chronic lymphoproliferative diseases: realities of the problem in the Dnipro region
Authors: Gashynova  K.Yu. , Usenko G.V.
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of the chronic lymphoproliferative diseases is increasing worldwide with increase of the population age. It is known that the presence of comorbidities in such patients plays an important role in predicting treatment outcomes. The aim of the work was to study the prevalence and determine the structure of respiratory symptoms and comorbid pulmonary pathology in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (CLPD) in the Dnipro region of Ukraine. After analyzing 986 cards of inpatients of the hematology department, whose average age was 65 (56; 69) years, it was determined that 9.0% of patients had at least one chronic respiratory disease, the most common among which were chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as community-acquired pneumonia. Dyspnea and tachypnea are also common among patients with CLPD without established respiratory comorbidity, cardiovascular disease, or anemia. Based on the data obtained, we can recommend a study of the respiratory function and pulse oximetry, as well as a thorough collection of anamnesis of smoking and analysis of the results of chest computed tomography in all patients with CLPD in order to identify the possible cause of shortness of breath and establish the presence of respiratory comorbidity.
The state of response of autonomic nervous system in children with mitral valve prolapse
Authors:  Mitiuriaeva-Korniyko І.О. , Kuleshov O.V. , Medrazhevska Ya.A. , Fik L.O. , Klets T.D.
Published: December 2021

The article presents summarized materials on connective tissue dysplasia of the heart, primary mitral valve prolapse, dysfunction of the autonomic system. Aim of research: to estimate the condition of autonomic nervous system in children with primary mitral valve prolapse. We examined 106 children with mitral valve prolapse aged from 13 to 17 years old on the clinical base of city hospital “Center of mother and child” in Vinnitsya. Research included time and frequency domain (evaluation with cardiointervalography. Final results were compared with the control group records. The results showed no statistical significance among time domain parameters in the main group of children. All these indices displayed tendency to sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system tonus increase in boys. However, sympathicotonia tendency was noted in girls only. Frequency domain parameters showed similar results, compared with the previous. Nevertheless, very low frequency parameters had statistically significant difference in both subgroups of patience with mitral valve prolapse, including males (3205.8±190.9 against 1717±154, р<0.05) and females (3280±220.1 against 1433±811, р<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference among other frequency domain parameters. Conclusions: we estimated that children with mitral valve prolapse have imbalanced autonomic homeostasis manifested by tone disturbances of both autonomic vegetative system branches with sympathetic predominance. Patients with primary mitral valve prolapse generally have increased sympathetic tone - both boys and girls - according to spectral analysis of heart rate variability indices, heart rate oscillation power of a very low frequency in particular (p<0.05). In children with mitral valve prolapse, the tone of parasympathetic nervous system is generally normal; there is a tendency to its increase in boys and decrease in girls. These children should be under close medical supervision by pediatricians and cardiologists.
Urinary thrombin as a marker of local disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mykhaloiko I.S.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this research was to study the diagnostic markers of nonovert local disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome in the urine of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a prospective study involving 140 patients with CKD, of these patients, 100 patients (71.4%; 95% CI 53.4-76.7) had glomerulonephritis (GN) and 40 patients (28.6%; 95% CI 21.3-36.8) had diabetic nephropathy (DN). We diagnosed overt DIC syndrome on the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) scale (>5 points) in 18.6 % of patients. We determined the level of thrombin in the urine of patients who had <5 points on ISTH scale for the diagnosis of local nonovert DIC syndrome in the kidneys. In the urine of healthy individuals, the level of thrombin did not exceed 1 ng/ml, so we found no thrombinuria at a thrombin level <1 ng/ml. In 56.1% of patients, we found urinary thrombin levels >1 ng/ml. The average level of thrombin in the urine of these patients was 6.5 (4.8; 10.6) ng/ml. In our opinion, the presence of thrombinuria indicates the intensity of monocytic-macrophage inflammation in the glomeruli and may be a criterion for nonovert, local DIC syndrome in the kidneys. The association of overt DIC syndrome with decreased blood albumin, reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), increased daily protein excretion (DPE) indicates its occurrence in severe underlying disease, in the presence of nephrotic syndrome and in the severe stages of CKD. Early diagnosis of  nonovert local DIC syndrome would be more useful, since the process is still reversible and controlled, and timely use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy would affect the course and the progression of CKD.
Changing in the profile of a patient with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation over the years 2015-2020
Authors: Shchukina O.S.
Published: December 2021

The article represents an analysis of the dynamics of the main demographic, clinical, laboratory, and instrumental investigations, final diagnoses of patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation. A distinctive feature of the work is the recruitment of patients in the same medical institution for different periods of time, which makes possible to trace the dynamics of the clinical profile of patients in the population of Dnipro, a large industrial center of Ukraine. The prevalence of arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure and previous myocardial infarction remained at the same level. In the 2017-2020’s group compared with the 2015’s group, electrocardiographic  manifestations of acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation upon admission were more often detected. Laboratory indicators such as hemoglobin, creatinine and total cholesterol levels remained the same. Another interesting finding is a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate according to MDRD (less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) in the 2017-2020’s group compared to patients in 2015’s group, although the clinical course of the disease remained practically unchanged. There was a trend towards a worsening of the clinical status and prognosis, namely, increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus, increase in the risk of GRACE, as well as increase in the quantity of verified diagnoses of unstable angina, which is most likely associated with the increased use of high-sensitivity troponin. Noteworthy feature is that increase in the quantity of high-risk patients led to an increase in the mean GRACE score.