bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil algae of the Northeastern European Russia
Authors: Patova E. N. , Novakovskaya I. V.
Published: May 2019

The literature and original data on the species diversity of soil algae in the Northeastern European Russia are summarized. The table of 692 species belonging to 242 genera, six divisions with data on their distribution, known ecological and phytogeographical characteristics is presented. The most studied areas of this territory in soil algae are the Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Vorkuta tundra) where 251 species were identified, the Pechora lowland (Voseiskoye deposit) — 205 species, and the mountain tundra of the Subpolar Urals (the Kozhym River Basin) — 206 species. Taxonomic and ecological-geographical analyses of the flora of soil algae of the Northeastern European Russia are provided.
Agaricoid fungi (Basidiomycota) of Izhora Upland (Leningrad Region). I. The State Nature Reserve «Oak forests near Velkota Village»
Authors: Kalinina L. B.
Published: May 2019

The annotated list of agaricoid basidiomycetes revealed in the protected area «Oak forests near Velkota Village» is provided. It contains 136 species including 6 species (Baeospora myriadophylla, Entoloma serpens, Hebeloma sacchariolens, Pluteus hispidulus var. cephalocystis, Pluteus rangifer, Xerocomellus porosporus) new for the Leningrad Region, 1 (Entoloma serpens) — new for Russia, 13 species protected in the region and 3 species (Lactarius lignyotus, L. volemus, Leccinellum pseudoscabrum) recommended for the next issue of Red Book of the Leningrad Region.
New mycological records for regions of Russia. 2
Authors: Kotkova V. M. , Kolganikhina G. B. , Detinova N. N.
Published: May 2019

The paper provides the data on records of 2 aphyllophoroid fungi new for the Moscow Region, 9 — new for the Voronezh Region, including very rare polypore species Piptoporus soloniensis, and 1 — new for the Republic of Crimea. Data on localities, habitats and substrates of all these species are provided. The specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE).
The genera Conocybe and Pholiotina (Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales) in the Sverdlovsk Region
Authors: Shiryaeva O. S. , Malysheva E. F.
Published: May 2019

A critical revision of the genera Conocybe and Pholiotina from the Sverdlovsk Region based on materials from Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (SVER), Mycological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE) and recent collections made in 2013–2016 is presented. A checklist of these taxa is provided. The previously published information on the species of Conocybe and Pholiotina from the Sverdlovsk Region is corrected. In all, 34 species and intraspecific taxa of Conocybe and Pholiotina (24 and 10, respectively) were found, 33 of them are confirmed by samples. Twenty five taxa are new to the Sverdlovsk Region.
New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. 1
Authors: Himelbrant D. E. , Efimova A. A. , Khanov Z. M. , Leostrin A. V. , Makryi T. V. , Stepanchikova I. S.
Published: May 2019

First records of 8 lichens, 2 lichenicolous fungi and 1 saprobic fungus for the Kostroma Region, 3 arctic-alpine lichens for the Orenburg Region, 1 lichen for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic as well as data on their localities, habitats and distribution are provided.
Fissidens beckettii (Fissidentaceae, Bryophyta) — a new species for moss flora of Russia
Authors: Ignatov M. S. , Suzuki T.
Published: May 2019

Fissidens beckettii is reported for the first time for Russia from the Primorye Territory (43°00′N, 133°00–01′E). The species was described from Sri Lanka, and subsequent revision, especially in last decades, revealed its pan-tropical distribution. The description and illustrations based of Russian collections are given and the species distribution is discussed. Russian locality is separated from Japanese ones by ca. 1000 km and from Chinese by ca. 3000 km. Noteworthy is the species occurrence in disturbed habitats, specifically along roads in Miscanthus’ meadows in southern part of the Primorye Territory, together with two other southern species recently found as new for Russia. These are pantropical Fissidens hyalinus and primarily eastern North American Ephemerum spinulosum, the latter recorded after 1975 in southern Japan and West Europe.
KELOMPOK I
Authors: rangkuti Nur sakinah , nora elsi anni , Indahharsimasimamora
Published: May 2019

BAB IPENDAHULUANA.Latar Belakang Pedidikan adalah hak setiap individu, pendidikan dapat dilakukan sejak ia lahir sampai mati, hal ini dilakukan untuk membina karakter anak dalam bertingkah laku baik pada dirinya ataupun sosialnya hal ini sesuai dengan pembukaan UUD 1945 yaitu mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan pada pasal 21 UUD 1945 ditegaskan bahwa tiap -tiap warga negara berhak mendapatkan pendidikan, selanjutnya pemerintah mengusahakan dan meyelenggarakan satu sistem pengajaran nasional untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan anak, akhlak serta keimanan dan ketakwaan yang diatur oleh Undang- undang.Dewasa sekarang ini generasi bangsa sangat perlu diperhatikan dan dibimbing karena perilaku ataupun tingkah laku anak banyak yang meyimpang dari norma-norma yang berlaku. Dan kebanyakan anak suka meniru ataupun mencontoh kebiasaan orang asing, seperti memakai pakaian you can see, tidak suka budaya sendiri melainkan menyukai budaya asing, dan lagu dari negara asing dari pada lagu nasional, ini semua disebabkan karena canggihnya teknologi yang sekarang, dan anak penerus bangsa yang sekarang ini bukannya menggunakan kedalam hal yang positif melainkan kedalam hal yang negatif.Untuk menanggulangi masalah saat ini, kita perlu menanamkan sikap nasionalisme, dan seorang guru berpengaruh dan berperan penting dalam pembinaan karakter anak, setiap anak mendapatkan pendidikan itu di sekolah/pendidikan yang formal.Sekarang ini upaya yang dilakukan agar anak dapat berperilaku baik sesuai norma adalah pembinaan karakter yang dilakukan oleh orang tua dan sekolah. Di sekolah, kurikulum 2013 adalah upaya pendidik membina karakter anak untuk menjadi pribadi yang baik.
Preons, loop and hierarchy problem
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: May 2019

Topology loop and hierarchy problem
A PROSPECTIVE AND OBSERVATIONAL SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Lawenko Michael , Ilagan Arvyn , Dumlao Abigail , Versoza Jesus Juan , Gonzales Gerry
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDABSTRACT Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is now the gold standard for surgical management of cholelithiasis around the world especially in developed countries, with the advantages of returning to work early, less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and better cosmesis. Here in the Philippines, LC has just started to pick its pace; surgeons are becoming more adept in the technique and patients have a better option with regards to the procedure to undergo.The aim of this study is to analyze our institution’s experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy by evaluating the operative time, patients’ pain score post-operatively, hospital stay, intra-operative and post-operative complications (bleeding, bowel injury and bile duct injury) conversion rate and length of post op stay.METHODSA prospective analysis was performed on data collected during a 16-month period (January 2010 to May 2011) from 127 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All of the surgeries were performed by consultants.RESULTSThe mean age was 44.7 (17-78) with whom 65.5% were females. Fifteen patients (13.6%) were operated in the acute setting. Three patients (2.7%) warranted an intraoperative cholangiogram while 5 (4.5%) underwent an Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography immediately prior to LC. The mean operating time was 89 (35-335 SD ±41.75) minutes. One patient had cystic duct leak which was managed with a drain and post LC ERCP. Difficulty in dissection was experienced in one case hence conversion to open cholecystectomy occurred (0.9%). Postoperatively, 101 (91.8%) received 0.5% Bupivacaine subcutaneously through the incision sites. Average VAS score was noted to be 3.05, 2.60, 2.20 at 6, 12 and 24 hours respectively. The mean post operative stay after the procedure was 36.22 (10-189 SD ±25.01) hours. No wound infection nor early incisional hernia was noted after 1 week of follow up.CONCLUSIONWith the early series of cases, it can be inferred that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and is performed safely in our institution.
KELOMPOK 4
Authors: rangkuti Nur sakinah , adilah nur , hrp maysah fitri
Published: May 2019

BAB IPENDAHULUANA.Latar BelakangPancasila sebagai dasar filsafat negara Republik Indonesia. Ada beberapa hal yang perlu masa zaman dahulu terkait sejarah indonesia sebelum proses dan setelah perumusan pancasila sebagai dasar negara. Hal ini berkaitan dengan perjuangan kerajaan dalam mempertahankan ekstitensi bangsa indonesia. Adapun kerajaan dan masa kebangkitan seperti kerajaan kutai, sriwijaya, majapahit, dan masa kebangkitan indonesia. Pancasila juga merupakan sebagai dasar Negara bangsa Indonesia hingga sekarang telah mengalami perjalanan waktu yang tidak sebentar, dalam rentang waktu tersebut banyak hal atau peristiwayang terjadi menemani perjalanan Pancasila, sehingga berdirilah pancasila seperti sekarang ini didepan semua bangsa Indonesia. Mulai peristiwa pertama saat pancasila dicetuskan sudah menuai banyak konflik diinternal para pencetusnya hingga sekarang pun di era reformasi dan globalisasi Pancasilamasih hangat diperbincangkan oleh banyak kalangan berpendidikan terutama kalangan Politikdan mahasiswa. Kebanyakan dari para pihak yang memperbincangkan masalah Pancasilaadalah mengenai awal dicetuskan nya Pancasila tentang sila pertama. Memang dari sejarahawal perkembangan bangsa Indonesia dapat kita lihat bahwa komponen masyarakatnyaterbentuk dari dua kelompok besar yaitu kelompok agamais dalam hal ini didominasi oleh kelompok agama Islam dan yang kedua adalah kelompok Nasionalis. Kedua kelompok tersebut berperan besar dalam pembuatan rancangan dasar Negara kita tercinta ini. Maka, setelah banyak aspek memperbincangkan pancasila sebagai dasar Negara ini dibuat sebagai catatan perjalanan Pancasila dari jaman ke jaman, agar kitasenantiasa tidak melupakan sejarah pembentukan Pancasila sebagai dasar Negara, dan juga dapat digunakan untuk rnenjadi penengah bagi pihak yang sedang berbeda pendapat tentangdasar Negara supaya ke depan kita tetap seperti semboyan kita yaitu "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika". Terutama hal tersebut dalam penerapan nya dalam kehidupan kita, Termasuk di lingkungan sekitar kita.
KELOMPOK 6
Authors: rangkuti Nur sakinah , afwirdha titin
Published: May 2019

BAB IPENDAHULUANA.Latar belakangPancasila dapat diperuntukan kepada negara, masyarakat dan pribadi bangsa Indonesia. Dengan perkataan lain pancasila itu sebagai norma hukum dan dasar negara Republik Indonesia, sebagai social etis bangsa Indonesia dan sebagai pegangan moral rakyat atau negara Republik Iindonesia. Lahirnya pancasila itu dalam penanaman pidato Ir. Soekarno selaku anggota “Dokuritzu zumbi Tyoosakai” atau badan penyelidik usaha persiapan kemerdekaan Indonesia yang ditetapkan oleh sidangnya yang pertama pada tanggal 28 s/d 1 Juni 1945 di Jakarta. Yang di ucapkannya dalam sidang, dipimpin oleh ketuanya Dr. K. R. T Radjiman Wedyodiningrat.Dikenal di dalam pidato Ir. Soekarno pada tahun 1945 di Jakarta. Pancasila sebagai dasar negara asala mulanya itu dari pengambilan pancasila, panca sama dengan lima dan sila sama dengan asas atau dasar, dan didirikannnya negara Indonesia. Dari pemaparan diatas dapat diketahui arti pancasila itu secara umum, dan anggapan pancasila sebagai dasar negara Indonesia dalam pembukaan undang-undang dasar Repulik Indonesia 1945 menurut presiden. Ir. Soekarno
ECONOMICS, POLITICS, LAW: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS May V.1 2019: сб.науч.тр./ OEAPS Inc.; редкол.: Флора Бертран (отв.ред.) [и др.]. - Берлин, Германия : OEAPS Inc., 05. 2019. - 164 С.
Authors: Акаева Марьям Абдуллаевна , Хидирова Разия Мурадхановна , Алещенко Андрей Сергеевич , Жумабекова Алина Абаевна , Гришина Анастасия Александровна , Швец Александр Дмитриевич , Пинаева Виктория Андреевна , Якубов Н. А. , Казурова Н. А. , Кинчаров Алексей Вячеславович , Ткаченко Юлия Борисовна , Полиди Анна Александровна , Трунова Екатерина Викторовна
Published: May 2019

The conference is a major international forum for analyzing and discussing trends and approaches in research in the field of economics, politics and law. We provide a platform for discussions on innovative, theoretical and empirical studies of problems in these disciplines. Given the international focus, materials of a comparative nature are especially welcomed.Doctors and candidates of science, scientists, specialists of various profiles and directions, applicants for academic degrees, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and students are invited to participate in the conference.CONFERENCE SECTIONSSection 1 Finance, monetary circulation and credit Section 2 Accounting and taxation Section 3 Management and marketing Section 4 World economy Section 5 Business economics Section 6 Mathematical methods of economics Section 7 Relevant economic issues Section 8 Constitutional and municipal law Section 9 Civil and family law Section 10 Labor and business law section 11 Criminal law and criminology section 12 International law Section 13 entitled Administrative Section 14 law enforcement Section 15 Topical issues of jurisprudence Section 16 Topical issues in political science.Additional criteria considered in the consideration of the submitted document are its accuracy, organization / presentation (ie logical flow) and recording quality.
رِسَالَةٌ الْفِطْرِيَّة
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: May 2019

فِطْرِيَّة حَنِيْفَةُ الزَّهْرَاءِ
supervisi pendidikan
Authors: safira Meutya kemala
Published: May 2019

Proses pembelajaran dalam sebuah kelas, siswa dianggap telah belajar apabila tujuan pembelajaran yang telah dirumuskan telah berhasil dikuasi oleh siswa di dalam kelas. Peran guru sangat besar dalam sebuah kelas karena guru berperan sebagai penanggung jawab dan sebagai pengelola dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Guru harus memiliki profesionalitas dalam mengajar agar peserta didik didalamnya mengetahui apa yang guru sampaikan serta pemahaman dapat diterima oleh peserta didik. Membina profesionalitas guru dapat melalui supervisi yang merupakan kegiatan pembinan yang dilakukan kepala sekolah kepada guru untuk membantu memperbaiki situasi pembelajaran agar para siswa dapat belajar lebih efektif dengan prestasi belajar yang meningkat. Kinerja guru adalah hasil dari yang dikerjakannya sesuai dengan tuntutan profesi yang dimiliki yang dapat ditunjukkan dengan produktivitas kerja yang tinggi agar siswa yang diajarkannya agan mengalami peningkatan dalam belajar.
AGAMA DAN NEGARA : RELEVANSI AGAMA ISLAM DENGAN NEGARA
Authors: Achmad Fatoni
Published: May 2019

As social human beings interact and communicate with each other. In the interaction and social communication is needed a regulations that regulate all sides of life in order to create a comfortable and conducive environment. The State is a container organization in a region gives clear rules to its people by forming a common and shared vision that is as stated in the noble values of Pancasila, this is no exception to Islam in which contains the rules that can be a guide and the foundation the basis for living a good life both in the world and in the akherat. Society needs to understand the importance of the values contained in religion and the state as a form of embodiment towards the ideals of the nation, which ultimately requires the community to learn and explore what religion and state in all things and how the relevance between them.Key Word: Relevance, religion, Islam, State
KURIKULUM
Authors: Zaputri Nova Sari
Published: May 2019

A. PENGERTIAN KURIKULUMKurikulum berasal dari bahasa latin yang kata dasarnya adalah “currere” yang berarti lapangan perlombaan lari yang ada garis start dan garis finis. Pada saat itu, pengertian kurikulum adalah jangka waktu pendidikan yang harus ditempuh oleh siswa yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh ijazah. Dalam hal ini, ijazah pada hakikatnya merupakan suatu bukti, bahwa siswa telah menempuh kurikulum yang berupa rencana pelajaran sebagaimana halnya seorang pelari telah menempuh suatu jarak antara suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya dan akhirnya mencapai finish.
PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK PENGAWAS SEKOLAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN PROFESIONALISME GURU
Authors: rasyidah latifur
Published: May 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, memahami, mendiskripsikan secara rinci dan mendalam mengenai perencanaan program, pelaksanaan, dan tindak lanjut supervisi akademik di SMP. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kasus, sebagai subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, dua orang guru senior, dan sepuluh orang guru negeri dan honorer serta satu orang pengawas pembina sekolah. Data dihimpun menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perencanaan program yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, dan guru senior tidak melibatkan semua komponen yang terkait sehingga mempengaruhi terhadap keberhasilan program supervisi akademik. Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik yang melibatkan kepala sekolah dan guru senior menggunakan metode langsung. Tindak lanjut supervisi sebatas pembinaan dan penguatan terhadap guru. Berdasarkan hasil di atas bahwa kegiatan supervisi akademik oleh kepala sekolah belum tercapai secara efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil pengajaran yang lebih baik.
Studi Analitis Peristiwa Isra’ Mi’raj Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam Pendekatan Sains
Authors: Achmad Fatoni
Published: May 2019

About 1400 years ago, we heard of a great event from the Arab land, Isra 'Mi'raj. However, over time, and the times are getting better with increasing science theory. Then the events of Isra and Mi'raj can be revealed in modern physics so that they can be accepted by human reason. Through Einstein's theory of relativity, E = m.c2 (where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light), Isra 'Mi'raj becomes an event that is no longer irrational, but rational and scientific. Then, on what part of the theory of relativity play a role in explaining the events of Isra 'and Mi'raj of the Prophet Muhammad SAW scientifically? All will be explored comprehensively and systematically in this paper.Key Word: Isra' Mi'raj, Science Approach, Theory of Relativity
Telaah Kritis Nilai-nilai Kebudayaan Islam “Studi Kasus Tradisi Ramadhan & Idul Fitri di Desa Pageraji Kabupaten Banyumas”
Authors: fatoniachmad
Published: May 2019

In doing good deeds, each region in the world has its own characteristics. The custom then experienced a mix with Islamic traditions which ultimately created a harmony without leaving the applicable Shari'a. Acculturation of local culture with Islamic culture also occurred in Pageraji Village, Cilongok District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. The Pageraji village community has a number of customs related to Islam that are still enduring today. The tradition is that the tarawih prayer time is slightly different from other regions, which is between 22:00 - 23:00, and the tradition of eating together and grave pilgrimage after the Eid prayer.Keywords: Value, Tradition, Islam, Ramadhan, Eid al-Fitr
ADMINISTRASI SARANA DAN PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN
Authors: fadli ade rizki , Afriansyah Hade
Published: May 2019

Educational facilities are all facilities that are directly used in the process teaching and learning, both moving and unmoving with the aim of being the achievement of education can run smoothly, regularly, effectively, and efficiently.the result of this research are , stocktaking of infrastructures as the main prioprity ,and the manangement of school infrastructures has to cane along with the school vision and mission . planning in this case meant as compilation activity of draf loading supporting facilities for infrastructure required by school to support education activity and study ,including pot in clean goods and also parmanent goods . So really as according to requirement and school importance.
Are Attitudes Contagious? Exposure to Biased Nonverbal Signals Can Create Novel Social Attitudes
Authors: Skinner Allison , Perry Sylvia
Published: May 2019

Prior work has established that nonverbal signals that capitalize on existing cultural biases can shift attitudes toward members of familiar social groups (e.g., racial minority group members). This research is the first to examine whether nonverbal signals can influence adults’ attitudes toward unfamiliar individuals outside the context of existing cultural biases. In a series of studies, we examined whether seeing one individual receive more cold, unfriendly nonverbal signals than another individual would lead to biases in favor of the target of more positive nonverbal signals. Consistent with our preregistered hypotheses, exposure to nonverbal bias in favor of one individual over another led participants to develop nonverbal signal-consistent explicit biases. Moreover, a combined analysis of the data from all four samples indicated that participants also formed nonverbal signal-consistent implicit biases. Taken together, these findings suggest that nonverbal signals have the potential to create and spread attitudes toward others.
Exploring the role of identity fusion and group identification in predicting parochialism amongst Indonesian Islamic groups
Authors: Kavanagh Christopher Michael , Wibisono Susilo , Kapitány Rohan , Yustisia Whinda , Putra Idhamsyah Eka , Rufaedah Any , Whitehouse Harvey
Published: May 2019

Indonesia is the most populous Islamic country and as such is host to a diverse range of Islamic beliefs and practices. Here we examine how the diversity of beliefs and practices among Indonesian Muslims relates to group bonding and parochialism. In particular, we examine the predictive power of two distinct types of group alignment, group identification and identity fusion, among individuals from three Sunni politico-religious groups - a fundamentalist group (PKS), a moderate group (NU), and a control sample of politically unaffiliated citizens. Fundamentalists were more fused to targets than moderates or citizens, but contrary to fusion theory, we found across all groups, that group identification (not fusion) better predicted parochialism, including willingness to carry out extreme pro-group actions. We discuss how religious beliefs and practice impact parochial attitudes, as well as the implications for theoretical models linking fusion to extreme behaviour.
Perceptual identification task points to continuity between implicit memory and recall
Authors: Mazancieux Audrey , Pandiani Tifany , Moulin Chris
Published: May 2019

Adopting a continuous identification task (CID-R) with embedded questions about prior occurrence, recent research has proposed that implicit and explicit memory are underpinned by a single memory system, since there is a systematic relationship between implicit memory (measured by identification) and explicit memory (measured subjective report of recognition; for an example, see Berry et al., 2008). We were interested whether this pattern would extend to recall of information from a study phase (Experiment 1) or semantic memory (Experiment 2). We developed a degraded face identification version of the CID-R task using Gaussian blur. We reproduced previous results regarding the relationship between explicit responses on the recognition task (old/new) and stimuli identification, pointing to a continuity between explicit and implicit memory. Critically, we also found that the strength of the implicit effect (i.e., stimuli identification) was predicted by the accuracy in recall (retrieval of context in Experiment 1 and correct responses to general knowledge questions about the face in Experiment 2). Our results support the idea that memory is unidimentional and related to memory trace strength; both for recall and recognition, and interestingly, for semantic and episodic recall.
Autism as a disorder of neural information processing: Directions for research and targets for therapy
Authors: Belmonte Matthew , Rubenstein John
Published: May 2019

The broad variation in phenotypes and severities within autism spectrum disorders suggests the involvement of multiple predisposing factors, interacting in complex ways with normal developmental courses and gradients. Identification of these factors, and the common developmental path into which they feed, is hampered by the large degrees of convergence from causal factors to altered brain development, and divergence from abnormal brain development into altered cognition and behaviour. Genetic, neurochemical, neuroimaging and behavioural findings on autism, as well as studies of normal development and of genetic syndromes that share symptoms with autism, offer hypotheses as to the nature of causal factors and their possible effects on the structure and dynamics of neural systems. Such alterations in neural properties may in turn perturb activity-dependent development, giving rise to a complex behavioural syndrome many steps removed from the root causes. Animal models based on genetic, neurochemical, neurophysiological, and behavioural manipulations offer the possibility of exploring these developmental processes in detail, as do human studies addressing endophenotypes beyond the diagnosis itself.
Ambivalent Reactions to People Who Deny or Admit Their Gender and Racial Biases
Authors: Perry Sylvia , Skinner-Dorkenoo Allison , Wages James , Parzonka Johannes
Published: May 2019

In the face of evidence that someone is socially biased or prejudiced, we examined how people react to those who deny or admit having such flaws. We proposed the novel hypothesis that people’s perceptions and evaluations of individuals who deny or admit their social biases may be ambivalent. As such, we hypothesized that when a denier and an admitter of social bias would be considered together, people would react to the denier more negatively than to the admitter. However, when a denier and an admitter would be considered independently, we predicted the individual’s self-report about whether or not they were biased would be accommodated, such that the denier would be perceived as less prejudiced than the admitter. In eight studies (N= 3,933), we tested this hypothesis for both gender and racial biases, across participant gender and race, and with multiple indicators of bias (i.e., an implicit bias test; subtle and blatant hiring discrimination). Findings across studies provided robust support for our hypothesis, suggesting that people have mixed reactions to individuals who deny or admit their social biases.
Automatic comparison of human music, speech, and bird song suggests uniqueness of human scales
Authors: Kuroyanagi Jiei , Sato Shoichiro , Ho Meng-Jou , Chiba Gakuto , Six Joren , Pfordresher Peter , Tierney Adam , Fujii Shinya , Savage Patrick E.
Published: May 2019

The uniqueness of human music relative to speech and animal song has been extensively debated, but never directly measured. To address this, we applied an automated scale analysis algorithm to a sample of 86 recordings of human music, human speech, and bird songs from around the world. We found that human music throughout the world uniquely emphasized scales with small-integer ratios, particularly a perfect 5th (3:2 ratio), while human speech and bird song showed no clear evidence of scale-like tuning. We speculate that the uniquely human tendency toward scales with small-integer ratios may have resulted from the evolution of synchronized group performance among humans.
Evolution through Cognitive Processes: Implicative assertions for Knowledge Development and Social Changes
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY BIPLAB
Published: May 2019

The process evolution is all pervading and influences everything in the material world. We explore as to how evolution shapes the course of knowledge development including innovations in science and technology. We examine the implicative role of evolution in determining the course of social changes and the plunges it eventually take. The fact that the cognitive processes, contradiction, giving vent to evolutionary proceed, and conflict and continuity, are allied to evolution, is emphasized. Relevance of views and concepts of natural sciences is examined for social dynamics and social changes.
Smoking as an Environmental Health Problem
Authors: Karaman M Ihsan
Published: May 2019

Abstract not availableInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 123-126
Isthmocele: A Review of Management Options for This Novel Entity
Authors: Kaur Amanjot , Ahmad Ayesha
Published: May 2019

The incidence of cesarean section is on rise all over the world and so are the complications associated with the procedure. Isthmocele as a complication of cesarean section is becoming a well documented entity all over the world in medical literature. It presents with symptoms like prolonged post menstrual bleeding, chronic pelvic infection and infertility. A pregnancy can get lodged in this area and can have disastrous consequences for the patient. The present article is an attempt to review to various presenting complaints, diagnosis and management of Isthmocele.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 127-133
The Effects of Aspalathus linearis (Rooibos Tea) on Nitric Oxide (NO) and Cytokine Activity
Authors: Hoosen Mujeeb
Published: May 2019

African plants have been used for medicinal purposes for many centuries. Many of these African medicinal plants are assumed to be safe but have yet to be scientifically validated. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) is a commercialised South African tea recognised for its phytopharmaceutical potential. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) has been gaining popularity globally for its health benefits and accepted as a nutraceutical due to the growing evidence of its efficacy. The bioactive constituents found in Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) have been reported to exert both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity however a few in vitro studies has suggested otherwise. Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) has shown to modify the actions of the immune system by influencing the regulation of messenger molecules like cytokines and nitric oxide however most of these studies have been conducted in vitro with a very few studies reaching in vivo application. Divergent in vitro cell models has shown to produce varying results regarding cytokine and nitric oxide NO activity of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos). This review highlights recent studies on the (NO) and cytokine activities of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) both in vitro and in vivo. Most studies report on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity however a few in vitro studies suggests opposite effects which should be considered for prolonged use especially when prescribed in a supplementation form. Many studies have looked at aspects of safety and toxicity of Aspalathus linearis (rooibos) however no complete toxicological studies have been done as yet.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 150-157
Role of Nasal Endoscopy in Initial Management of Epistaxis.
Authors: Shamas Irfan Ul
Published: May 2019

Aim: To compare the precision,efficacy and complication of nasal endoscopic assisted management of epistaxis with headlight assisted nasal packing.Materials and Methods: Two groups of twenty patients each were placed randomly in Group A and Group B. Patients in Group A were managed with headlight assisted nasal packing and Group B patients were managed with nasal endoscopic assisted control of epistaxis.Results: Exact site of bleeding was located in 90% patients of Group B. All patients in Group A complained of dry mouth(100%), halitosis in 6 (30%) patients, 12 (60%) patients had headache and discomfort,7(35%) patients had epiphora. There was no complication in Group B.Conclusions: Epistaxis is a common ENT emergency and routine blind hasty nasal packs should be avoided. Nasal endoscopes should be routinely used to identify site of bleeding and cauterisation of the targeted area should be done gently with least collateral damage to healthy mucosa. Good and easy control with less complications and no admissions are all possible with the wonder tool called “ nasal endoscope”.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 158-161
Leiomyoma with Lymphoid Infiltration: An Extremely Rare Histological Variant
Authors: Pujani Mukta , Singh Kanika , Chauhan Varsha , Rana Deepshikha , Arora Sheetal , Agarwal Charu
Published: May 2019

Background: Uterine leiomyoma with lymphoid infiltration is an extremely rare variant of leiomyoma. To the best of our knowledge, only 20 cases have been reported till date in the literature. Pathogenesis of this entity is not very clear. The various hypotheses which have been proposed to explain the etiopathogenesis include reactive alterations due to intrauterine pessaries, hormonal therapy or immune response dysregulation.Case report: We hereby report a case of a 44 year old female who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. A small intramural leiomyoma was found which on pathological examination turned out to be leiomyoma with lymphoid infiltration.Conclusions: The importance of recognition this peculiar histological variant is to avoid possible misinterpretation as malignant lymphoma, inflammatory pseudotumororpyomyoma. In our case the lymphoid infiltration was reactive which was confirmed on immunohistochemistryInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 162-164
Aggressive Angiomyxoma: A Rare Perineal Mass
Authors: Ozsoy Mehmet Sait , Colapkulu Nuray , Gapbarov Aman , Ekinci Ozgur , Gunduz Nesrin , Toksoz Ayse Nur , Alimoglu Orhan
Published: May 2019

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare tumour that usually occurs in females at reproductive ages and affects pelvic region. We herein report a case of perineal AAM to conribute to the literature about pathological features and clinical outcomes of this tumour. A 36 year old female with no history of chronic diseases presented to our hospital with a nontender perineal mass. The mass was present for two years and it first appeared during pregnancy. She underwent surgery for local resection. The histology of the mass was consistent with AAM and multifocal extention into surgical margins was observed. With immunohistochemical staining the tumor was positive for desmin, CD31, CD34, ER and PR; poorly focal positive for SMA and negative for S-100. Ki67 was less than 1%. Due to surgical margin positivity she had a second operation. After the resection with clear margins, patient showed no signs of reccurence for 7 months. Resections with positive surgical margins were mostly concluded as reccurent with wide time range and reccurence rates, extended surgical resection is gold standard for management of this tumour.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 172-174
A Rare Case of Huge Intraabdominal Mesenteric Cyst in a Paediatric Patient Mimicking Volvulus.
Authors: Yusuf Marlina , Haron Juhara
Published: May 2019

Mesenteric cyst is a very rare disease in children that can present in many various conditions. Its diagnosis is very challenging either by a clinical or imaging. Delay in diagnosis can cause significant morbidity and mortality for the patient. Hence, we shared a case of a huge mesenteric cyst in paediatric that presented as an acute abdomen and causing preoperative diagnostic dilemma.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 03 July’19. Page: 175-177
Failure of Hose Clamp
Authors: Craft C. Howard
Published: May 2019

A helicopter rapidly lost altitude and struck a tree, causing a fire and severe damage. The hose clamp which was the subject of this investigation was one of two used on a short length of hose between the turbocharger and the carburetion system. The purpose of this examination was to determine whether the hose failed during or before the accident. Fracture in the failed clamp was accompanied by obvious permanent deformation and evidence of local shearing at the ends of the perforation where fracture occurred, and in the adjacent perforation. The first test involved tightening the clamps to failure with a torque wrench. In no case did the band material fracture. In a second attempt to duplicate the failure, a tensile testing machine was used to pull the two fittings apart while the hose was clamped in place. When the testing machine was operated at maximum head travel (approximately 20 in. per min.), one of the hose clamps broke in the same manner as the clamp in question. The manner of failure during the tension test indicated this clamp failed at the time of the crash because of a sudden separation between the turbocharger and the remainder of the aircraft.
Failure of a Main Landing Gear on a Light Airplane
Authors: Howard Craft C.
Published: May 2019

Initial investigation showed that a landing gear failure was the result of a hard landing with no evidence of contributory factors. The objective of reexamination was to determine whether there was any evidence of metallurgical failure. The landing gear was primarily an AISI type 6150 Cr-V steel flat spring attached at the top end to the fuselage and at the bottom end to the axle. Failure occurred at the clamping point near the top end of this spring. The failure showed evidence of severe brinelling at one corner in the clamping area. The fracture surfaces were clean, fresh, and indicative of a shock type of failure pattern. Closer examination, however, showed a fatigue crack at one corner. At this point, there was definite evidence of progression and oxidation. It was concluded that the corner in question was subjected to repeated brinelling resulting from normal landing loads, probably accentuated by looseness in the clamping device. The resulting residual tensile stress lowered the effective fatigue strength at that point against drag and side loads.
Failure Analyses of Steel Breech Chambers Used With Aircraft Cartridge Ignition Starters
Authors: Perkins Philip C. , Daniels Raymond D. , Gillies A. Bruce
Published: May 2019

Cartridge-pneumatic starter systems are used on military aircraft. In the cartridge mode used for alert starts, the starter turbine is driven by hot gases produced through the controlled burning of a solid propellant cartridge within a closed chamber (the breech chamber/cartridge chamber assembly). Premature failures of steel breech chambers have been prevalent enough to cause serious concern. The breech chamber is fabricated from a 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo steel forging heat treated to a hardness in the range HRC 40 to 45. The failures have taken several forms, including fracture and unzipping of the chamber dome, burn-through of the dome, and shearing of bayonet locking lugs. Factors identified as significant in the failures are the pressure developed in the chamber and internal corrosion of the chamber in an environment that can produce stress-corrosion cracking. The interior configuration of the chamber and the stress distribution also have a bearing upon the failure modes. Several failures are reviewed to illustrate the problems.
Study of Inclusions in a Failed Aero-Engine Component
Authors: Tauqir A. , Salam I. , Hashmi F.H. , Khan A.Q.
Published: May 2019

The cause of the fatigue failure in the retaining ring of the compressor region of an aero-engine turbine was found to be the presence of a high concentration of nonmetallic inclusions. The results of chemical analysis were used to estimate the phases present. The most frequently observed inclusions were spinel solid solutions of the type MO middot; N2O3, where M = Fe, Mn, or Mg and N = Cr or Al. The detrimental inclusions were corundum, calcium aluminates, cristobalite, and silicates. The most detrimental phases were traced on the surfaces of the specimens fractured using impact loading; the comparison is being made with the polished surfaces and the tensile specimen fracture surfaces. The inclusions in the failed retaining ring were compared with the ones in a similar component obtained from a used engine. In the case of the latter, a large number of fine and elongated (Mn, Cr, Fe)S inclusions were present along with spinels. The nondeformable, rigid oxide particles are considered more undesirable than the sulfides as far as fatigue life of the component is concerned. It has been reported that the presence of sulfides may eliminate the stresses due to oxides.
Failure Analysis of Silica Phenolic Nozzle Liners
Authors: Katcher M.
Published: May 2019

Two silica phenolic nozzle liners cracked during proof testing. The test consisted of pressuring the nozzles to 14.1 MPa (2050 psia) for 5 to 20 s. It was concluded that the failure was due to longitudinal cracking in the convergent exhaust-nozzle insulators, stemming from the use of silica phenolic tape produced from flawed materials that went undetected by the quality control tests, which at the time, assessed tape strength properties in the warp rather than the bias direction. Once the nozzle manufacturer and its suppliers identified the problem, they changed their quality control procedures and resumed production of nozzle liners with more tightly controlled fiber/fabric materials.
Failure Analysis of Aircraft Landing Gear Components
Authors: Roth M. , Yanishevsky M. , Beaudet P.
Published: May 2019

Despite extensive aircraft landing gear design analyses and tests performed by designers and manufacturers, and the large number of trouble-free landings, aircraft users have experienced problems with and failures of landing gear components. Different data banks and over 200 failure analysis reports were surveyed to provide an overview of structural landing gear component failures as experienced by the Canadian Forces over the last 20 years on more than 20 aircraft types, and to assess trends in failure mechanisms and causes. Case histories were selected to illustrate typical problems, troublesome failure mechanisms, the role of high strength aluminum alloys and steels, and situations where fracture mechanics analyses provided insight into the failures. The two main failure mechanisms were: fatigue occurring mainly in steel components, and corrosion related problems with aluminum alloys. Very few overload failures were noted. A number of causes were identified: design deficiencies and manufacturing defects leading mainly to fatigue failures, and poor materials selection and improper maintenance as the principal causes of corrosion-related failures. The survey showed that a proper understanding of the failure mechanisms and causes, by thorough failure analysis, provides valuable feedback information to designers, operators and maintenance personnel for appropriate corrective actions to be taken.
Helicopter Main Rotor Transmission Output Shaft Failure
Authors: Hutchinson J.W.
Published: May 2019

A helicopter had just taken off when there was a loud bang and the engine started to overspeed. After landing and inspection, the transmission was disassembled. It was discovered that the assembly containing the output shaft to the main rotor had failed. The output shaft assembly was made up of two parts: the output shaft with an integral 10 in. diam upper disc at approximately mid-section; and a 10 in. diam lower disc. During manufacture, the lower disc was attached to the output shaft by an electron beam weld. The fracture had a single fatigue initiation site, coincident with the annular zone of remelted material on the inner surface of the disc. In the lower disc, the fracture was also 80% fatigue, but high stress, low cycle in nature and contained multiple initiation sites coincident with an electron beam weld bead. It was concluded that fatigue in the upper disc resulted from the presence of a metallurgical stress concentration caused by the electron weld beam impingement on the inner surface of the upper disc. An Airworthiness Directive was issued, and the manufacturer issued a mandatory service bulletin outlining a periodic inspection for the output shaft assembly.
Analysis of a Failed UH-1N Helicopter Main Rotor Blade Grip
Authors: Parker D.S.
Published: May 2019

Proper stress analysis during component design is imperative for accurate life and performance prediction. The total stress on a part is comprised of the applied design stress and any residual stress that may exist due to forming or machining operations. Stress-corrosion cracking may be defined as the spontaneous failure of a metal resulting from the combined effects of a corrosive environment and the effective component of tensile stress acting on the structure. However, because of the orientation dependence in aluminum, it is the residual stress occurring in the most susceptible direction that must be considered of primary importance in material selection for design configuration. A Navy UH-1N helicopter main rotor blade grip manufactured from a 2014-T6 aluminum alloy forging failed because of a design flaw that left a high residual tensile stress along the short transverse plane; this in turn provided the necessary condition for stress corrosion to initiate. A complete failure investigation to ascertain the exact cause of the failure was conducted utilizing stereomicroscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy, metallographic inspection and interpretation, energy-dispersive chemical analysis, physical and mechanical evaluation. Stereomicroscopic examination of the opened crack fracture surface revealed one large fan-shaped region that had propagated radially through the thickness of the material from two distinct origin areas on the internal diam of the grip. Higher magnification inspection near the origin area revealed a flat, wood-like appearance. Scanning electron microscopy divulged the presence of substantial mud cracking and intergranular separation on the fracture surface. Metallographic examination revealed intergranular cracking and substantial leaf separation along the elongated grains parallel to the fracture surface. Chemical composition and hardness requirements were found to be as specified. The blade grip failed due to a stress corrosion crack which initiated on the inner diam and propagated in the short transverse direction through the thickness of the component. The high residual tensile stress in the part resulting from the forging and exposed after machining of the inner diam, combined with the presence of moisture, provided the necessary conditions to facilitate crack initiation and propagation.
Analysis of Aircraft Damage from a Lightning Strike
Authors: Gammon Luther M. , Hyatt Michael V. , Narayanan G. Hari , Oberson Henry J. , Singh Harcayal B.
Published: May 2019

On 16 July 1999, a Boeing 737-800 on final approach for landing sustained a major lightning strike. Damage to the fuselage structure primarily was in the form of melting or partial melting of widely-separated rivets and adjacent Alclad 2024-T3 fuselage skin. The damage was confined to a 0.25-in. (6.4-mm) radii around the affected rivets. The repair process involved removal of the locally-affected material and addition of a skin doubler to restore the aircraft structure to the originally designed condition. Damage features are described briefly.
Investigation of Jet Engine Oil Scavenge Pump Failure
Authors: Cologna L.D.
Published: May 2019

An oil scavenge pump was found to have failed when a protective shear neck fractured during the start of a jet engine. Visual inspection revealed that the driven gear in one of the bearing compartments was frozen as was the corresponding drive gear. Spacer wear and thermal discoloration (particularly on the driven gear) were also observed. The gears were made from 32Cr-Mo-V13 steel, hardened and nitrided to 750 to 950 HV. Micrographic inspection of the gear teeth revealed microstructural changes that, in context, appear to be the result of friction heating. The spacers consist of Cu alloy (AMS4845) bushings force fit into AA2024-T3 Al alloy spacing elements. It was found that uncontrolled fit interference between the two components had led to Cu alloy overstress. Thermal cycling under operating conditions yielded the material. The dilation was directed inward to the shaft, however, because the bushing had only a few microns of clearance. The effect caused the oil to squeeze out, resulting in metal-to-metal contact, and ultimately failure.