bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Introduction of Multi-Allergen Mixture for Prevention of Food Allergy
Authors: Quake A. Zoe , Liu Taryn Audrey , D’Souza Rachel , Jackson Katherine G , Woch Margie , Tetteh Afua , Sampath Vanitha , Nadeau Kari C , Sindher Sayantani , Chinthrajah R. Sharon , Cao Shu
Published: December 2021

The incidence and prevalence of food allergy (FA) are increasing. While several studies have established the safety and efficacy of early introduction of single allergens in infants for the prevention of FA, the exact dose, frequency, and number of allergens that can be safely introduced to infants particularly in those at high or low risk of atopy are still unclear. This 1-year study evaluated the safety of early introduction of single foods (milk, egg, or peanut), vs. two foods (milk/egg, egg/peanut, milk/peanut), vs. multiple foods (milk/egg/peanut/cashew/almond/shrimp/walnut/wheat/fish/soy at low, medium, or high doses) vs no early introduction in infants between 4-6 months of age. At the end of the study, they were evaluated for plasma biomarkers associated with food reactivity with standardized blood tests. Two to four years after the start of the study, participants were evaluated by standardized food challenges. The serving sizes for the single, double, and low dose mixtures were 300 mg total protein per day. The serving sizes for the medium and high dose mixture was 900 mg and 3000 mg total protein, respectively. Equal parts of each protein were used for double or mixture foods. All infants were breastfed until at least 6 months of age. Results demonstrate that infants at either high or low risk for atopy were able to tolerate early introduction of multiple allergenic foods with no increases in any safety issues, including eczema, FA, or food protein induced enterocolitis. The mixtures of foods at either low, medium, or high doses demonstrated trends for improvement in food challenge reactivity and plasma biomarkers compared to single and double food introductions. The results of this study suggest that early introduction of foods, particularly simultaneous mixtures of many allergenic foods is efficacious for preventing FA and can occur safely.
Neonatal Intra-Ventricular-Hemorrhage Prevention in Premature at < 30 Weeks Gestational Age
Authors: Hoyos Angela , Vasquez-Hoyos Pablo
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) is a devastating condition mostly in preterm infants at < 30 weeks GA with large morbidities and mortality usually in the first 72 hours after birth. Prevention seems to be the only way to completely deal with this problem. The IVH prevention in this age group has been studied and includes some strategies such as prenatal corticosteroids, cesarean delivery, careful extraction among others, but still, it has an unacceptably high incidence in this population.Objective: To measure the application of a quality improvement project develop from the "Drive to Zero IVH Prevention Project" presented in a Epiclatino lecture in our unit.Material and method: We design a before and after observational study and measured the incidence of IVH before and after October 2017 when a minimum manipulation protocol was implemented at the Clínica del Country (CDC) unit. We also compare these findings to those of other units in the EpicLatino network. All patients born <30 weeks GA with less than 2 days of age, who survived at least 3 days, and had a neuroimaging taken were included. We compared demographics, diagnosis, and frequency of IVH cases, before Nov 2017 and after from CDC and the from 2018-2019 EpicLatino registry using a bivariate analysis. Results: We collected data from 46 cases before, 40 after implementation, and 203 cases from the EpicLatino registry. Demographic characteristics were very similar in the post-intervention with few statistically significant differences in antenatal steroid use (97.5% post, 96% before and 79.3% Epilatino, p=0.016), prolonged rupture of membranes (15% post, 4% before and 15% EpicLatino, p <0.001), vaginal deliveries (7.5% post, 10.9% before and 24.1% Epilatino, p=0.01), suspended chorioamnionitis (12.5% post, 6% before and 20.2% Epiclatino). We found a significant reduction in IVH after the protocol was implemented with only 5 (7.5%) cases post-intervention compared to 19 (29.4%) case before, and when compared to the 81 (39.1%) cases in the registry, p< 0.001. Most of the cases that occurred in the post-intervention occurred before admission to the unit due to obstetric trauma.Discussion: If a well-controlled delivery minimizing obstetric trauma is achieved, a minimal manipulation protocol appears to significantly decrease the incidence of HIV. Controlled, multicenter studies are still required to confirm these findings.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts
Authors: Gonçalves Ana C. , Costa Ana R. , Flores-Félix José D. , Falcão Amílcar , Alves Gilberto , Silva Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues da
Published: December 2021

Cherries have been largely investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully ex-plore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 mac-rophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric ade-nocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygen-ase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the sweet cherries incorporation in new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.
Solving the Quintic: A New Approach to Bring's Transformation
Authors: Franco Jorge
Published: December 2021

Applying a procedure similar to that of E.S. Bring, by using a 4th degree Tschirnhaus transformation, it was possible to transform the Bring-Jerrard normal quintic (BJQ) equation into a De Moivre form (DMQ), so that it could be solved by radicals. The general solution by radicals of the De Moivre equations of any degree is presented. By the same procedure the BJSx (normal sextic) equation was taken to another one without the 2nd, 4th and 6th terms which was transformed into a cubic (solvable) equation. By applying a 6th degree Tschirnhaus transformation to the BJSp (normal septic) equation its binormal (without the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th terms) form was obtained.
In Silico Research of New Therapeutics Rotenoids Derivatives Against Leishmania Amazonensis Infection
Authors: Vicente-Barrueco Adrián , Román Ángel Carlos , Ruiz-Téllez Trinidad , Centeno Francisco
Published: December 2021

Yearly, 1,500,000 cases of leishmaniasis are diagnosed, causing thousands of deaths. To advance in its therapy, we present an interdisciplinary protocol that unifies ethnobotanical knowledge of natural compounds and the latest bioinformatics advances to respond to an orphan disease such as leishmaniasis and specifically the one caused by Leishmania amazonensis. The use of ethnobotanical information serves as a basis for the development of new drugs, a field in which computer-aided drug design (CADD) has been a revolution. Taking this information from Amazonian communities, located in the area with the highest prevalence of this disease, a protocol has been designed to verify new leads. Moreover, a method has been developed that allows the evaluation of lead molecules, and the improvement of their affinity and specificity against therapeutic targets. Through this approach, deguelin has been identified as a good lead to treat the infection due to its potential as an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor, a key enzyme in Leishmania development. Using an in silico-generated combinatorial library followed by docking approaches, we have found deguelin derivatives with better affinity and specificity against ODC than the original compound, suggesting that this approach could be adapted for developing new drugs against leishmaniasis.
Preconditioning the Quad Dominant Mesh Generator for Ship Structural Analysis
Authors: Grubisic Luka , Lacmanović Domagoj , Tambača Josip
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an algorithm for the fully automatic mesh generation for the finite element analysis of ships and offshore structures. The quality requirements on the mesh generator are imposed by the acceptance criteria of the classification societies as well as the need to avoid shear locking when using low degree shell elements. The meshing algorithm will be generating quadrilateral dominated meshes (consisting of quads and triangles) and the mesh quality requirements mandate that quadrilaterals with internal angles close to $90\degree$ are to be preferred. The geometry is described by a dictionary containing points, rods, surfaces and openings. The first part of the proposed method consist of an algorithm to automatically clean the geometry. The corrected geometry is then meshed by the frontal Delaunay mesh generator as implemented in the gmsh package. We present a heuristic method to precondition the cross field of the frontal quadrilateral mesher. Also the influence of the order in which the plates are meshed will be explored as a preconditioning step.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment Using Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Retinal Findings
Authors: Tejero-Garcés Gloria , Ascaso Francisco J , Casas Paula , Adiego Maria I , Baptista Peter , O'Connor-Reina Carlos , Vicente Eugenio , Plaza Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Retinal findings may change in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The present study aims to evaluate several retinal findings such as macula layer thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, and the optic nerve head in patients with OSAS using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and monitor the result of several types of treatment of OSAS with OCT. A prospective comparative study was designed. Patients were recruited at a Sleep Unit of a University Hospital and underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations. Following exclusion criteria, fifty-two patients with OSAS were finally included. Patients were examined by OCT twice: first, before treatment; secondly, after six months of treatment. In mild-moderate patients, where retinal swelling has been demonstrated, retinal thicknesses decreased [fovea (p=0.026), as well as inner ring macula (p=0.007), outer ring macula (p=0.015), and macular volume (p=0.015)]. In severe patients, where retinal atrophy had been observed, retinal thickness increased [fovea (p<0.001)]. No statistically significant differences in efficacy between treatments were demonstrated. In conclusion, OCT can evaluate the retina in patients with OSAS and help monitor results after treatment. In severe OSAS, retinal thickness increased six months after treatment.
Self-sufficiency Assessment: Defining the Foodshed Spatial Signature of Short Beef Supply Chains
Authors: Mouléry Michel , Sanz Sanz Esther , Debolini Marta , Napoleone Claude , Josselin Didier , Mabire Luc , Vicente-Vicente Jose-Luis
Published: December 2021

: Foodshed approaches allow the assessment of the theoretical food self-sufficiency capacity of a specific region based on biophysical conditions. Recent analyses show that the focus needs to be shifted from foodshed size portrayed as an isotropic circle to a commodity-group-specific spatial configuration of the foodshed that takes into account the socio-economic and biophysical conditions essential to the development of local food supply chains. We focus on a specific animal product (beef) and use an innovative modeling approach based on spatial analysis to detect the areas of the foodshed dedicated to beef feeding (forage, pasture, and grassland), considering the foodshed as a complex of complementary areas called an archipelago. We use available statistical data including a census to address the city-region of Avignon (France) covering a 100 km radius. Our results show that the factors driving the use of short supply chains for beef feeding areas are the foodshed archipelago’s number of patches, the connectivity between them, and the rugosity of the boundaries. In addition, our beef self-sufficiency assessment results differ depending on geographical context. For instance, being located within the perimeters of a nature park seems to help orient beef production towards short supply chains. We discuss possible leverage for public action to reconnect beef production areas to consumption areas (the city) via short supply chains (e.g. green, home-grown school food programs) so as to increase local food security through increased local food self-sufficiency.
Nanoparticle Based Water Treatment Model in Squeezing Channel under Magnetic Field
Authors: Zuev Sergei , Hussain Zakir , Kabalyants Petr
Published: December 2021

The process of water treatment by nanoparticles is one of the most considerable subjects in the cross-field of hydrodynamics, chemistry and mathematics. This paper is dedicated to the case of the flows that appear when squeezing and stretching a spongy with a mix of water with nanoparticles and contaminants. It is assumed that fluid is homogeneous at the starting moment, the parameters of the nanoparticles and contaminants are known, and there is a constant non-homogeneous magnetic field applied to the system. The flow starts moving when the walls of the channel shift to each other. Exact and numerical solutions of the system of ordinary differential equations are used to receive the results. The article gives an answer to the question about stability of the flow and proposes the technique to evaluate the essential characteristics of the system to achieve the treatment process efficiency. The main result is that the considered system shows excellent treatment properties during some part of squeezing stage. This effect does not appear without magnetic field.
Overimitation in Dogs: Is there a Link to the Quality of the Relationship with the Caregiver?
Authors: Huber Ludwig , Kubala Denise , Cimarelli Giulia
Published: December 2021

Overimitation, the copying of causally irrelevant or non-functional actions, is well-known from humans but completely absent in other primates. Recent studies from our lab have provided evidence for overimitation in canines. Previously, we found that half of tested pet dogs copied their human caregiver's irrelevant action, while only few did so when the action was demonstrated by an unfamiliar experimenter. Therefore, we hypothesized that dogs show overimitation as a result of socio-motivational grounds. To test this more specifically, here we investigated how the relationship with the caregiver influenced the eagerness to overimitate. Given the high variability in the tendency to overimitate their caregiver, we hypothesized that not only familiarity, but also relationship quality influences whether dogs faithfully copy their caregiver. For this purpose, we measured on the one hand the overimitation tendency (with the same test as in the two studies before) and on the other hand the relationship quality between the dogs and their caregivers. Although not significant, results revealed that dogs who overimitated seemed to show more referential and affiliative behaviours towards the owner (like gazing, synchronization and greeting) than dogs who showed less or no copying of the irrelevant action. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
Evaluation of Contributing Factors Affecting Number of Vehicles Involved in Crashes Using Machine Learning Techniques in Rural Roads of Cosenza, Italy
Authors: Guido Giuseppe , Shaffiee Haghshenas Sina , Shaffiee Haghshenas Sami , Vitale Alessandro , Astarita Vittorio , Park Yongjin , Geem Zong Woo
Published: December 2021

Evaluation of road safety is a critical issue having to be conducted for successful safety management in road transport systems, whereas safety management is considered in road transportation systems as a challenging task according to the dynamic of this issue and the presence of a large number of effective parameters on road safety. Therefore, evaluation and analysis of important contributing factors affecting the number of crashes play a key role in increasing the efficiency of road safety. For this purpose, in this research work, two machine learning algorithms including the group method of data handling (GMDH)-type neural network and a combination of support vector machine (SVM) and the grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) are employed for evaluating the number of vehicles involved in the accident based on the seven factors affecting transport safety including the Daylight (DL), Weekday (W), Type of accident (TA), Location (L), Speed limit (SL), Average speed (AS) and Annual average daily traffic (AADT) of rural roads of Cosenza in southern Italy. In this study, 564 data sets of rural areas were investigated and relevant effective parameters were measured. In the next stage, several models were developed to investigate the parameters affecting the safety management of road transportation for rural areas. The results obtained demonstrated that "Average speed" has the highest level and "Weekday" has the lowest level of importance in the investigated rural area. Finally, although the results of both algorithms were the same, the GOA-SVM model showed a better degree of accuracy and robustness than the GMDH model.
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Sarjana Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNS untuk Bekerja di Bidang Pertanian
Authors: Maulana Ashlih Ricky , Suminah Suminah , Rusdiyana Eksa
Published: December 2021

This study aims to (1) determine the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta to work in the agricultural sector, (2) to examine the factors that influence the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector, (3) to examine how the influence of factors that influence the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector. This research was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, UNS Surakarta. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method with survey techniques. The population in this study were alumni of the faculty of agriculture who graduated in 2019. The data processing was carried out by researchers using the classical assumption test, which consisted of normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. After completing the classical assumption test, the data analysis was continued with regression testing, F-test and T-test. The results showed that: (1) the interest of UNS agricultural graduates to work in agriculture was mostly in the high and sufficient category. (2) The perception factor of work in agriculture, experience, lifestyle, family environment and the closest social environment simultaneously have a significant influence on the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector. (3) The perception factor of work in agriculture, lifestyle, family environment and the closest social environment partially has a significant influence on the interest of graduates of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS to work in the agricultural sector, while the experience factor partially does not have a significant influence.
Method of an unmanned aerial vehicle composition route in space
Authors: Voloshyn Denys , Brechko Veronika , Semenov Serhii
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a method of composition of the route of an unmanned aerial vehicle in three-dimensional space. The main difference of the presented method is the complex consideration of the features of the environment, which reflects the possible obstacles (active or passive) and other limitations of the problem when composing the route of the unmanned aerial vehicle in three-dimensional space. This allowed to increase the safety of the task in autonomous flight conditions. The article analyzes the main approaches to the composition of unmanned aerial vehicle routes in space. The conclusion about the shortcomings of the two-dimensional representation is made. The method presents four stages of the task. This is the stage of modeling the environment that reflects possible obstacles (active or passive) and other limitations of the task. Stage of construction of an extended graph of unmanned aerial vehicle routes in space. The difference of this stage is the adaptive consideration of the spatial location of active obstacles in space. The next stage is the route search stage, which connects the starting point with the end and bypasses all obstacles and allows you to build a starting route in the form of a broken line, which is formed by a sequence of waypoints, and connects the starting point with the end, bypassing obstacles. The last is the stage of obtaining the final result, which is provided by smoothing the obtained broken line. In this part of the composition method, to solve the problem of smoothing the trajectory of the unmanned aerial vehicle in space on the selected route, the expediency of using the method of non-uniform cubic B-spline is proved. With the help of this method the task of selection and optimization of the smoothing parameter is set and solved.
The methods for the formation of optimal acoustic conditions for the transmission of speech content in small rooms
Authors: Poroshin Sergei , Usik Victoriya , Bielikov Ihor
Published: December 2021

The subject of research in the article is the methodology for the examination of small-volume premises with a predominance of speech content. The aim of the work is to analyze all stages of acoustic expertise for meeting rooms, conference rooms, press centers, to determine the volume and sequence of the stages, taking into account the specific restrictions and conditions that arise in small rooms. All stages of acoustic expertise are considered in the work on examples of real premises of meeting rooms, conference halls, press centers. The sequence of stages of the examination, when it was carried out for premises of small volumes, did not undergo any changes, compared to the sequence that is used for spectator halls. The main distinctive feature of the first stage of acoustic examination in small rooms with a predominance of speech content is the analysis of the structures of the reverberation process in listening places in order to identify the drawbacks of the formation of a diffuse field, instead of checking the geometry of the wall and ceiling panel walls using geometric theory. A feature of the second stage is the development of recommendations for improving the sound-absorbing properties of enclosing surfaces and eliminating the effect of multiple re-reflections of sound energy between parallel surfaces through the use of partial replacement of surface geometry, work with suspended ceiling structures and the use of sound-absorbing curtains (to correct the properties of glass surfaces). The third and fourth stages of the examination remained unchanged.
WORKSHEET BASED ON SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES TO IMPROVE ANALYTICAL SKILL
Authors: Arifin Ulvy Shellyana , Fauziyah Hanin Niswatul
Published: December 2021

The research was intended to develop the worksheet  based on socioscientific issues that test expedibility, practical and effective in development the ability to think analytically of learners. The research site was conducted at SMPN 4 Ponorogo. The research method used research and development, with implementing research model of brog and gall. The research tools used were expert validation analysis sheets, assessments response and so on are used to test analytical thinking. And then the data treated was analyzed quantitatively as well as descriptive. Research results suggested that the product was worthy of using in the learning process. The product was also practical and effective in using to improve the ability of student analytical thought
Efektivitas Model Discovery Learning Berbantuan Mind Mapping dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Logis pada Materi Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Siti Zuwariyah  , Edi Irawan
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) keterlaksanaan pembelajaran model discovery learning berbantuan mind mapping, 2) keefektifan model discovery learning berbantuan mind mapping dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir logis pada materi perubahan iklim di SMPN 1 Balong. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan non-equivalent control group design. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik kelas VII A (kelas kontrol) dan VII B (kelas eksperimen) yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran discovery learning berbantuan mind mapping terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir logis peserta didik serta dalam proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik. Temuan lain dalam penelitian yaitu: 1) proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik, 2) nilai hasil belajar kelas eksperimen dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir logis lebih baik daripada kelas konvensional. Saran dalam penelitian yaitu diharapkan untuk menggunakan model discovery learning karena model ini dapat membangun kemampuan peserta didik dalam berpikir dan sarana belajar.
Efektivitas Model Inquiry dengan Pendekatan STEM Education terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Peserta Didik
Authors: Muhammad Santoso Aris , Arif Syaiful
Published: December 2021

Kurikulum 2013 merupakan pembelajaran yang menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dalam pelajaran. Berpikir kritis adalah kemampuan untuk mengutamakan penalaran dan pengolahan informasi sehingga dapat dipertanggungjawabkan keabsahannya. Untuk meningkatkan berpikir kritis dapat menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis Inquiry. Pendekatan STEM Education menerapkan berbagai informasi dalam mencari pengetahuan sehingga pendekatan tersebut cocok jika dikolaborasikan dengan pembelajaran model Inquiry. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa terhadap pembelajaran IPA dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran Inquiry dengan pendekatan STEM Education terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa kelas VII. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MTs Darussalam Dagangan kelas VIIA dan VIIB dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 59 orang. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan sampel purposive. Kelas VIIA sebagai kelas konvensional dan kelas VIIB sebagai kelas eksperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan eksperimen kuantitatif jenis Pre-Experimental Design dengan instrumen pengumpulan data One Group Pretest and Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian pembelajaran model Inquiry dengan pendekatan STEM Education yaitu terlaksana dengan baik. Hal ini terbukti dengan meningkatnya kemampuan berpikir kritis sebesar 51,93% dari sebelum eksperimen dilakukan.
Pemulihan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Menggunakan Model Pictorial Riddle Dengan Pendekatan STEM
Authors: Afifudin Ahmad Arif , Fadly Wirawan
Published: December 2021

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan dan mencari mana yang lebih baik antara pembelajaran Pictorial Riddle dengan pendekatan STEM atau pembelajaran Konvensional pada Motivasi Sains dan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik MTs Ma’arif Al-Ishlah Bungkal Ponororgo. Penelitian ini  merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, dengan desain quasi eksperimen purposive sampling. Teknik Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dalam penelitian ini sampel merupakan peserta didik kelas VIII A dan VIII B di  MTs Ma’arif Al-Ishlah Bungkal Ponororgo yang berjumlah 43 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan penyebaran kuesioner dan soal sosio emosional yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan  hasil yang telah dianalisis, rendahnya nilai rata-rata yang terjadi pada sebelum dan sesudah semester dapat diamati di masing-masing 5 indikator berpikir kritis, dengan rata-rata nilai 49,9 dengan standard deviasi sebesar 6,3  indikator terendah terletak pada indikator klarifikasi . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran pembelajaran Pictorial Riddle dengan Pendekatan STEM lebih baik dari pada pembelajaran Konvensional dalam pemulihan berpikir kritis peserta didik, khususnya pada indikator bertanya, menyimpulkan, memberikan alasan dan memperjelas. Model pembelajaran Pictorial Riddle dengan Pendekatan STEM dalam penerapannya menggunakan teka-teki bergambar dengan pokok permasalahan yang harus diselesaikan, model dan pendekatan ini sesuai dengan perkembangan modernisasi dunia.
Analisis Tingkat Penalaran Peserta Didik SMP dalam Memecahkan Masalah Soal Evaluasi Berbasis Literasi Numerasi
Authors: Sari Ika Lasmita , Irawan Edi , Aristiawan Aristiawan , Rokmana Arinta Windiyanti
Published: December 2021

Kemampuan peserta didik dalam memecahkan masalah tentunya dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor salah satunya adalah penalaran. Proses observasi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan bernalar peserta didik dalam suatu permasalahan masih rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat penalaran peserta didik dalam memecahkan masalah pada soal evaluasi berbasis literasi numerasi pada tema kemagnetan kelas IX C di SMPN 5 Ponorogo, berdasarkan tingkat kemampuan peserta didik, yaitu kemampuan tinggi, kemampuan sedang, dan kemampuan rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian Cross Sectional, dan pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive Sampling. Pengumpulan data yang menggunakan tes kepada populasi dan wawancara kepada 6 sampel. Hasilnya 1)  peserta didik dengan kemampuan tinggi dapat memecahkan masalah dengan memenuhi indikator penalaran sistematis. Peserta didik sejumlah 9 orang dengan presentase sebesar 33.3%; 2) peserta didik dengan kemampuan sedang dalam memecahkan masalah, hanya memenuhi indikator mengajukan dugaan dan memeriksa kesahihan argumen. Peserta didik berjumlah 5 orang dengan presentase sebesar 18,5%;  3) peserta didik dengan kemampuan rendah dalam memecahkan masalah hanya mampu memenuhi indikator mengajukan dugaan. Peserta didik berjumlah 13 orang dengan presentase sebesar 48,2%.
Investigasi Kebiasaan Berpikir Analitis Melalui Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Berbasis Isu Sosiosaintifik
Authors: Wahyu Septiningrum Amalia , Fauziah Hanin Niswatul
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan, keefektifan, dan kepraktisan instrumen penilaian kebiasaan berpikir analitis berbasis isu sosiosaintifik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian R&D, dengan subjek penelitian peserta didik kelas VII di MTs Negeri 3 Ngawi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan validasi ahli, instrumen penilaian kebiasaan berpikir analitis berbasis isu sosiosaintifik layak untuk diuji cobakan. Hasil kelayakan produk setelah uji coba diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa produk kurang layak, hal ini dikarenakan lebih banyak item soal yang menunjukkan tidak valid, sehingga model fit juga tidak memenuhi syarat. Oleh karena itu untuk mendapatkan produk yang memenuhi kelayakan, peneliti melakukan perbaikan dan uji kedua. Selanjutnya, hasil reliabilitas instrumen menunjukkan 0,526 > Rtabel, artinya instrumen telah reliabel. Untuk hasil uji keefektifan yang ditinjau dari perbedaan hasil uji coba dan uji kedua menunjukkan bahwa instrumen telah efektif untuk digunakan. Begitu pula, dengan hasil uji kepraktisan yang telah memenuhi syarat bahwa instrumen telah praktis untuk digunakan. Instrumen penilaian kebiasaan berpikir analitis berbasis isu sosiosaintifik ini diharapkan instrumen dapat digunakan untuk membantu melatih dan mendiagnosis kemampuan berpikir analitis peserta didik, melihat pentingnya pengembangan instrumen ini ditinjau dari kebermanfaatan pendekatan isu sosiosaintifik dan kemampuan berpikir analitis yang digunakan untuk menemukan pemecahan masalah yang dihadapi peserta didik di masa yang akan datang.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Scramble dengan Pendekatan Socio-Scientific terhadap Rasa Ingin Tahu Peserta Didik
Authors: Sari Erza Novita , Fauziah Hanin Niswatul , Muna Izza Aliyatul , Anwar Muhamad Khoirul
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran menggunakan model scramble dengan pendekatan socio-scientific di MTs Al-Ishlah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif Eksperimen. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII A  sebanyak 16 peserta sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B sebanyak 16 peserta sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengambilan data dengan cara membagikan angket kepada peserta didik sesudah menerapkan model pembelajaran scramble dengan pendekatan socio-scientific. Data dianalisis dengan uji­-t menggunakan software SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai P-value sebesar 0,000. Karena P-Value kurang dari 0,05 maka H0 ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rasa ingin tahu peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran scramble dengan pendekatan socio-scientific dengan rasa ingin tahu peserta didik yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran Dalam Pemecahan Masalah Sosiosaintifik Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Siswa MTS Kelas VIII
Authors: Mujahidin Gus Rijal , Irawan Edi , Kusumaningrum Aldila Candra , Ekapti Rahmi Faradisya
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini berangkat dari ditemukannya keunikan tentang argumentasi siswa dalam menanggapi masalah sosiosaintifik. Keunikan tersebut terlihat pada perbedaan argumentasi siswa. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan kemampuan penalaran siswa. Hal tersebut diperkuat oleh pendapat guru IPA yang mengatakan bahwa siswa kelas VIII memiliki tiga tipe gaya belajar yaitu visual, auditorial, dan kinestetik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa yang memiliki Gaya Belajar Visual dalam Pemecahan Masalah Sosiosaintifik di Kelas VIII MTs Ma’arif Balong Ponorogo, 2) Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa yang memiliki Gaya Belajar Auditorial dalam Pemecahan Masalah Sosiosaintifik di Kelas VIII MTs Ma’arif Balong Ponorogo, 3) Kemampuan Penalaran Siswa yang memiliki Gaya Belajar Kinestetik dalam Pemecahan Masalah Sosiosaintifik di Kelas VIII MTs Ma’arif Balong Ponorogo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kualitatif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara Observasi, Angket/Kuesioner, Tes Penalaran, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis Miles dan Huberman. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan Uji Kredibilitas melalui Triangulasi Teknik Pengumpulan Data. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari saampai dengan April 2021. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kemampuan penalaran siswa visual mampu mencapai penalaran level 4 (backing) dengan memenuhi 4 indikator penalaran. 2) Kemampuan penalaran siswa auditorial mampu mencapai penalaran level 5 (rebuttal) dengan memenuhi 5 indikator penalaran. 3) Kemampuan penalaran siswa kinestetik mampu mencapai penalaran level 6 (qualifiers) dengan memenuhi 6 indikator penalaran.
Kesulitan Guru SMP Dalam Mengimplementasikan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Dan Problem Based Learning
Authors: Janah Miftakul , Dimas Arifian
Published: December 2021

Abad 21 menuntut siswa untuk mandiri dalam memecahkan masalah yang didukung dengan adanya kurikulum 2013. Penggunaan model pembelajaran disekolah yang membentuk karakter siswa untuk mandiri dalam memecahkan sebuah masalah.  Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu menemukan sebuah kendala guru saat mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran DL (Discovery Learning) dan PBL (Problem Based Learning). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, memakai sampel 2 guru mata pelajaran IPA, kelas VIII sejumlah 20 siswa dan kelas IX sejumlah 10 siswa. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan penilaian guru berdasarkan keterlaksanaan sintaks model pembelajaran DL dan PBL, wawancara, dan angket siswa.  Pengamatan dari penelitian telah ditemukan bahwa guru sudah mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran problem based learning serta discovery learning namun masih terdapat kesulitan yang dialami guru dalam menjelaskan saat pengolahan data, pengawasan dan pengelolaan dalam kelas, serta membimbing siswa menarik kesimpulan permasalahan
Peran Protein: ASI dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Anak untuk Menyongsong Generasi Indonesia Emas 2045 dan Relevansi Dengan Al-Qur’an
Authors: Anissa Desi Dwi , Dewi Ratna Kumala
Published: December 2021

Protein memiliki fungsi yaitu sebagai unsur utama dan pembentuk jaringan organ pada tubuh manusia. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi literatur yaitu dengan mencari sumber landasan teori berupa dokumen sekunder dengan analisis isi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu agar mengetahui peran penting ASI bagi kecerdasan anak untuk menyiapkan Indonesia Emas 2045 dengan relevansi Al-Quran. ASI merupakan salah satu makanan yang mengandung sumber protein yang ideal untuk bayi baik dari segi kesehatan fisik maupun psikisnya. ASI sebagai sumber nutrisi utamanya. Pemberian ASI kepada bayi secara eksklusif memiliki berbagai manfaat yaitu meningkatkan kecerdasan dan meningkatkan sistem kekebalan (protect) tubuh bayi. Peran protein salah satunya yaitu ASI sangat penting dalam perkembangan otak, perkembangan dan pertumbuhan bayi. Kandungan taurin, DHA dan AA dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan anak. Namun Allah telah berfirman dalam Q.S al-Baqarah (2): 233 dan Q.S Luqman (31): 14. Oleh karena itu, kecerdasan anak itu penting ketika mendapatkan ASI yang cukup agar dapat tercipta generasi penerus bangsa yang dapat menyongsong bonus demografi Indonesia Emas 2045.
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Alpukat sebagai Anti Kolesterol
Authors: Muqowwiyah Lilik Zubaidatul , Dewi Ratna Kumala
Published: December 2021

Kolesterol merupakan senyawa komplek yang diperlukan oleh tubuh untuk mengatur proses kimia dalam tubuh. Namun jika kadar kolesterol dalam darah  sangat tinggi akan berbahaya untuk tubuh serta menyebabkan  hiperkolesterolemia. Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan kondisi dimana jumlah kolesterol dalam tubuh melebihi batas normal, yang akan berdampak pada penyakit jantung koroner. Penyakit hiperkolesterolemia dapat  diatasi dengan menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah dengan mengkonsumsi ekstra daun alpukat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat ekstra daun alpukat untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan adalah penelitian menggunakan studi kepustakaan, dalam pengumpulan data dan informasi terkait yang kemudian diolah dan disajikan secara deskriptif dalam bentuk pembahasan. Sumber data dan informasi didapat dari jurnal yang terkait dengan kolesterol dan alpukat yang terbit secara online.  Hasil dari kegiatan studi kepustakaan adanya upaya untuk menjaga kesetabilan kadar kolesterol dalam darah dengan cara mengkonsumsi ekstrak daun alpukat, serta untuk mencegah terjadinya hiperkolesterolemia. Pemberian ekstrak daun alpukat dengan konsentrasi berbeda dapat berpengaruh terhadap perbedaan kadar kolesterol dalam darah, sehingga pemberian variasi konsentrasi sedikit mampu dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol dalam darah
Metabolomics Profiling in Prediction of Immunotherapy Efficacy in Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: LI Ying , ZHANG Zhi-hua , LI Xu-shuo , YANG Ying , QI Rui-Xue
Published: December 2021

Objective: To explore potential metabolomics biomarker in predicting the efficacy and the survival outcomes after the first-line programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in the patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A total of 46 consecutive eligible patients were assigned to receive first-line PD-1 immunotherapy. Serum samples were prospectively collected before initial treatment to perform metabolomics profiling analyses under the application of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The metabolomics signatures were extracted by using a binary least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and calculated as a metabolomics score by liner fit for each patients. The metabolomics score was further combined with the clinical predictors to build a metabolomics nomogram for predicting the immunotherapy efficacy in advanced NSCLC patients. The ROC curves were used to evaluate the predicting performance of the metabolomics score, the clinical predictors and the metabolomics nomogram.Results: Seven metabolites including Urea, Tyrosine, L-threonine, Xylitol, Thymol, Linoleic acid and DL-isoleucine were identified associated with the immunotherapy response. Age was identified as the clinical predictor by the logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00) for metabolomics score, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.53-0.91) for the clinical predictor and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00) for the metabolomics nomogram in differentiating progressive disease (PD) groups from disease control (DC) groups. The median progression-free survival (PFS) after immunotherapy in patients with low risk was significantly longer than those with high risk in the metabolomics nomogram (11.8 vs.2.8 months, P < .001). Conclusion: This study developed an effective and convenient discriminant metabolomics nomogram that can predict the efficacy and the survival outcomes of PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC.
Spatio-temporal Attention Network for Student Action Recognition in Classroom Teaching Videos
Authors: Huang Yongkang , Liang Meiyu
Published: December 2021

Inspired by the wide application of transformer in computer vision and its excellent ability in temporal feature learning. This paper proposes a novel and efficient spatio-temporal residual attention network for student action recognition in classroom teaching video. It first fuses 2D spatial convolution and 1D temporal convolution to study spatio-temporal feature, then combines the powerful Reformer to better study the deeper spatio-temporal characteristics with visual significance of student classroom action. Based on the spatio-temporal residual attention network, a single person action recognition model in classroom teaching video is proposed. Considering that there are often multiple students in the classroom video scene, on the basis of single person action recognition, combined with object detection and tracking technology, the association of temporal and spatial characteristics of the same student targets is established, so as to realize the multi-student action recognition in classroom video scene. The experimental results on classroom teaching video dataset and public video dataset show that the proposed model achieves higher action recognition performance than the existing excellent models and methods.
Assessing The Impact of Land Cover On Groundwater Quality In a Smart City Using GIS And Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Anjum Rukhsar , Ali Sk Ajim , Siddiqui Mansoor Alam
Published: December 2021

The present study aimed to assess the impacts of land cover on groundwater quality by integrating physico-chemical data and satellite imageries. Initially, fourteen groundwater parameters of both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon were collected from nineteen sampled stations and water quality index (WQI) was calculated. Consequently, Google earth, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2A imageries were considered for land cover mapping including the concentration of settlement and urban built-up, greenery coverage, and micro-level land use. Two machine learning models such as artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) were used for pixel-based classification and establish spatial relation between water quality and land cover. This study trained and tested the models for the whole study area as well as 500m buffers from each sampled station. The result of model’s validation including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), Kappa statistic (K), Overall accuracy of model (OAC), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC), indicated that random forest classifier has better performance than the artificial neural network. The results show that the testing dataset of pre-monsoon season has higher accuracy with MAE 0.343, RMSE 0.397, K-value 0.55, and ROC value 0.838 to envisage the impact of land cover on groundwater quality in comparison to post-monsoon season. The results also reveal that the classification accuracy is greater within 500m buffer areas in comparison to the whole study area with a close to 0 value of MAE and RMSE, and absolutely 1 value of K and ROC. Based on the above findings, the present study suggested to consider a large scale for determining the controlling factors of groundwater degradation.
A study On Support Selection Mechanism In Tendrils of Cayratia Japonica
Authors: Saito Kazuya
Published: December 2021

Organisms make decisions when they perceive cues of varying intensities. In case of climbing plants, the diameter of supports in contact (tree or stem) is an important cue for their growth as plants that coil around a support with large diameter are unable to maintain tensional forces required for continued attachment to the support. The negative association between the diameter and the climbing success has been reported since Darwin published his study on climbing plants. However, it is not known if a climbing plant makes a decision to avoid a support with larger diameter. Here, we tested this possibility by observing the coiling response of tendrils of Cayratia japonica to supports with different diameters. The coiling success of the tendrils was affected by the diameter of the support and the tendril lengths. We described the branching pattern of coiling response and demonstrated that the tendrils change their coiling shape depending on the support diameter and the tendril length. To understand the behavioural rules regulating the branching, we constructed a simple model with two assumptions on the tendril movement, (1) when the tendrils receive a contact stimulus, they begin to coil from around the contact point and (2) there is a minimum coiling angle at which the tendrils coil up, once the tendril starts coiling. Image analysis and 3D motion tracking technique revealed that the movement of the tendrils were consistent with the two assumptions of the model. The results suggested that the tendrils flexibly changed the coiling shapes depending on the support diameter and simple behavioural rules could regulate this diameter-dependent response.