bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Multivariate Statistical Technique Based on the Effective Spectra Bands to Estimate the Plant Water Content of Wheat Under Different Irrigation Regimes
Authors: Sun Hui , Feng Meichen , Xiao Lujie , Yang Wude , Ding Guangwei , Wang Chao , Jia Xueqin , Wu Gaihong , Zhang Song
Published: February 2021

Real-time, nondestructive, and accurate estimation of plant water status is important to the precision irrigation of winter wheat. The objective of this study was to develop a method to estimate plant water content (PWC) by using canopy spectral proximal sensing data. Two experiments under different water stresses were conducted in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016. The PWC and canopy reflectance of winter wheat were collected at different growth stages (the jointing, booting, heading, flowering, and filling stages in 2015 and the jointing, booting, flowering, and filling stages in 2016). The performance of different spectral transformation approaches was further compared. Based on the optimal pretreatment, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and four combination methods [i.e., PLSR-stepwise regression (SR), PLSR-successive projections algorithm (SPA), PLSR-random frog (RF), and PLSR-uninformative variables elimination (UVE)] were used to extract the sensitive bands of PWC. The results showed that all transformed spectra were closely correlated to PWC. The PLSR models based on the first derivative transformation method exhibited the best performance (coefficient of determination in calibration, R2C = 0.96; root mean square error in calibration, RMSEC = 20.49%; ratio of performance to interquartile distance in calibration, RPIQC = 9.19; and coefficient of determination in validation, R2V = 0.86; root mean square error in validation, RMSEV = 46.27%; ratio of performance to interquartile distance in validation, RPIQV = 4.34). Among the combination models, the PLSR model established with the sensitive bands from PLSR-RF demonstrated a good performance for calibration and validation (R2C = 0.99, RMSEC = 11.53%, and RPIQC = 16.34; and R2V = 0.84, RMSEV = 44.40%, and RPIQV = 4.52, respectively). This study provides a theoretical basis and a reference for estimating PWC of winter wheat by using canopy spectral proximal sensing data.
Cognitive Gain or Handicap: Magical Ideation and Self-Absorption in Clinical and Non-clinical Participants
Authors: Kállai János , Vincze Gábor , Török Imre András , Hargitai Rita , Rózsa Sándor , Hartung István , Tamás István , Láng András , Herold Róbert
Published: February 2021

Background: This study aimed to examine magical ideation and absorption traits across non-clinical and clinical groups to determine their potential adaptive and maladaptive functions.

Method: We enrolled 760 healthy participants from neighboring communities (female = 53.2%). Moreover, we recruited 318 patients (female = 66.5%), which included 25, 183, and 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, and mood disorders, respectively. Potentially adaptive and maladaptive sociocognitive functions were measured to determine the role of magical ideation and self-absorption in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Results: The degree of magical ideation and absorption gradually increased in the following order: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, enhanced self-absorption-related enhanced consciousness traits were essential indicators of the presence of self-integration weakness in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Conclusion: Magical ideation and psychological absorption may be considered as mental model construction functions, which result in both gains and handicaps in social adaptation.
Mindfulness Training Improves Quality of Life and Reduces Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Police Officers: Results From the POLICE Study—A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Trombka Marcelo , Demarzo Marcelo , Campos Daniel , Antonio Sonia B. , Cicuto Karen , Walcher Ana L. , García-Campayo Javier , Schuman-Olivier Zev , Rocha Neusa S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Police officers' high-stress levels and its deleterious consequences are raising awareness to an epidemic of mental health problems and quality of life (QoL) impairment. There is a growing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are efficacious to promote mental health and well-being among high-stress occupations.

Methods: The POLICE study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with three assessment points (baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up) where police officers were randomized to mindfulness-based health promotion (MBHP) (n = 88) or a waiting list (n = 82). This article focuses on QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and religiosity outcomes. Mechanisms of change and MBHP feasibility were evaluated.

Results: Significant group × time interaction was found for QoL, depression and anxiety symptoms, and non-organizational religiosity. Between-group analysis showed that MBHP group exhibited greater improvements in QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms at both post-intervention (QoL d = 0.69 to 1.01; depression d = 0.97; anxiety d = 0.73) and 6-month follow-up (QoL d = 0.41 to 0.74; depression d = 0.60; anxiety d = 0.51), in addition to increasing non-organizational religiosity at post-intervention (d = 0.31). Changes on self-compassion mediated the relationship between group and pre-to-post changes for all QoL domains and facets. Group effect on QoL overall health facet at post-intervention was moderated by mindfulness trait and spirituality changes.

Conclusion: MBHP is feasible and efficacious to improve QoL, and depression and anxiety symptoms among Brazilian officers. Results were maintained after 6 months. MBHP increased non-organizational religiosity, although the effect was not sustained 6 months later. To our knowledge, this is the first mindfulness-based intervention RCT to empirically demonstrate these effects among police officers. Self-compassion, mindfulness trait, and spirituality mechanisms of change are examined.

Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT03114605.
Complexities in Defining the Unit of Intervention for Reactive Community-Based Malaria Treatment in the Gambia
Authors: Jaiteh Fatou , Ribera Joan Muela , Masunaga Yoriko , Okebe Joseph , D'Alessandro Umberto , Balen Julie , Achan Jane , Gerrets Rene , Peeters Grietens Koen
Published: February 2021

With significant declines in malaria, infections are increasingly clustered in households, or groups of households where malaria transmission is higher than in surrounding household/villages. To decrease transmission in such cases, reactive interventions target household members of clinical malaria cases, with the intervention unit (e.g., the “household/s”) derived from an epidemiological and operational perspective. A lack of unanimity regarding the spatial range of the intervention unit calls for greater importance to be placed on social context in conceptualizing the appropriate unit. A novel malaria elimination strategy based on reactive treatment was recently evaluated by a cluster randomized trial in a low transmission setting in The Gambia. Transdisciplinary research was used to assess and improve the effectiveness of the intervention which consisted, among others, of reflecting on whether the household was the most adequate unit of analysis. The intervention was piloted on the smallest treatment unit possible and was further adapted following a better understanding of the social and epidemiological context. Intervention units defined according to (i) shared sleeping spaces and (ii) household membership, showed substantial limitations as it was not possible to define them clearly and they were extremely variable within the study setting. Incorporating local definitions and community preference in the trial design led to the appropriate intervention unit—the compound—defined as an enclosed space containing one or several households belonging to the same extended patrilineal family. Our study demonstrates the appropriateness of using transdisciplinary research for investigating alternative intervention units that are better tailored to reactive treatment approaches.
From Mandatory School Gymnastics to Physical Training for Youth. How the Société Fédérale de Gymnastique Became a “Gymnastic State” Dedicated to the Physical Preparation of Swiss Youth From 1873 to 1907
Authors: Mayencourt Gil , Quin Grégory
Published: February 2021

The aim of this contribution is to analyse the special role that gymnastics clubs played, under the umbrella of the Société Fédérale de Gymnastique (SFG), in the formation of the Swiss nation and in the representation of a strong and united national youth at a time when the unity represented by the Swiss federal State founded in 1848 was strongly questioned by the conservative opposition. The purpose is mainly based on extensive statistical data gathered within the SFG about its members throughout the country at three particular moments (1873, 1895, and 1907) and on institutional archival funds. Our analysis is based on three successive points: after defining the relationship between the SFG and the Swiss Federal State (founded in 1848) for the unification and defense of the homeland, whether in terms of institutional mimicry or the building of a “national youth,” a second part defines which type of “youth” is specifically targeted by the SFG and what it meant at the time to be a “young” or an “old” gymnast, in particular through the participation of the SFG in the National exhibition of Geneva in 1896. Finally, a last part widens the perspective by highlighting, on one side, the cultural, political, and cantonal constraints on national expansion through youth of Swiss gymnastics and, on the other side, how these constraints have generated unifying and patriotic ambitions and discourses within the SFG.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Wassie , Jemberu Wudu Temesgen , Mekonnen Sefinew Alemu , Tuli Getachew , Almaw Gizat
Published: February 2021

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of cattle and water buffalo, which is caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony. It induces significant economic losses and leads to a serious food security problem, negatively influencing peoples' livelihoods in affected countries. The disease has been reported in different parts of Ethiopia with prevalence ranging from 1.78 to 96%. However, there is not enough epidemiological information about CBPP in the northwestern part of the country, particularly in North Gondar Administrative Zone. This cross-sectional study, therefore, was conducted in four selected districts (Metema, Alefa, Quara, and Dembia) of North Gondar Administrative Zone to detect the incursion and estimate the seroprevalence of CBPP and to identify the potential predisposing factors associated with the spread and occurrence of CBPP in the area. A total of 751 serum samples were collected from 41 herds (villages) having no history of CBPP vaccination. Information like age, sex, breed, herd size, and management were collected during blood sample collection. Data related to agro-climatic zone, trade trekking route from or through CBPP endemic/epidemic zone, transhumance grazing route, vehicle route, and bordering with CBPP epidemic/endemic zone were obtained from district agricultural offices. The serum was screened for CBPP using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) test. The animal level and herd level apparent seroprevalences were 12.92% (95% CI: 10.70–15.52) and 65.85% (95% CI: 49.57–79.10), respectively. The true animal level and herd level prevalences were estimated at 20.13% (95% CI: 16.64–24.21) and 65.22% (95% CI: 48.64–78.72%), respectively. At the animal level, trekking route from or through CBPP endemic/epidemic zone to the study area [OR = 4.77 (95% CI: 1.92–11.84) compared to without trekking route] was identified as the most important risk factor for CBPP spread and seropositivity. In general, epidemiological evidence of the present study indicates that CBPP is a prevalent disease, and animal trekking is an important risk factor for spread of the disease in the study area. This needs due attention from the government and other concerned bodies for its prevention and control to mitigate its economic impact.
The Recent Development of the Surgical Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nakajima Masao , Tokumitsu Yukio , Shindo Yoshitaro , Matsui Hiroto , Matsukuma Satoshi , Iida Michihisa , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Ioka Tatsuya , Nagano Hiroaki
Published: February 2021

The optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should be selected based on tumor conditions, liver functional reserve, and performance status. Surgical treatment, such as liver resection and liver transplantation, is the most favorable treatment method; however, its indication criteria differ according to each country’s guidelines. In Western countries, liver resection is indicated only for early-stage HCC patients with Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging classification (BCLC) 0/A. While in Asian countries, liver resection is one of the treatment options for advanced HCC, such as BCLC B/C. Recently, the treatment of HCC is about to enter a drastic transitional period. It started with the widespread use of minimally invasive surgery for HCC, followed by a high rate of hepatitis C virus eradication with the advent of direct acting antivirals and developing a multidisciplinary treatment for highly advanced HCC. As a result, the importance of liver resection for HCC is increasing, and it is time to reconsider the criteria for selecting treatment methods for HCC patients. This article outlines current topics in the surgical treatment of HCC.
Experiments on Communication in Games: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Cox Caleb A. , Stoddard Brock
Published: February 2021

Communication is an important topic in the experimental study of strategic behavior, both because of the vital role of communication in variety of strategic games, and because of the insights that can be gained through analyzing communication contents in experiments [...]
Influence of Synthesis Gas Components on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Sodium Aluminum Hexahydride
Authors: Sun Tai , Peinecke Kateryna , Urbanczyk Robert , Felderhoff Michael
Published: February 2021

A systematic study of different ratios of CO, CO2, N2 gas components on the hydrogen storage properties of the Na3AlH6 complex hydride with 4 mol% TiCl3, 8 mol% aluminum and 8 mol% activated carbon is presented in this paper. The different concentrations of CO and CO2 in H2 and CO, CO2, N2 in H2 mixture were investigated. Both CO and CO2 gas react with the complex hydride forming Al oxy-compounds, NaOH and Na2CO3 that consequently cause serious decline in hydrogen storage capacity. These reactions lead to irreversible damage of complex hydride under the current experimental condition. Thus, after 10 cycles with 0.1 vol % CO + 99.9 vol %H2 and 1 vol % CO + 99 vol %H2, the dehydrogenation storage capacity of the composite material decreased by 17.2% and 57.3%, respectively. In the case of investigation of 10 cycles with 1 vol % CO2 + 99 vol % H2 gas mixture, the capacity degradation was 53.5%. After 2 cycles with 10 vol % CO +90 vol % H2, full degradation was observed, whereas after 6 cycles with 10 vol % CO2 + 90 vol % H2, degradation of 86.8% was measured. While testing with the gas mixture of 1.5 vol % CO + 10 vol % CO2 + 27 vol % H2 + 61.5 vol % N2, the degradation of 94% after 6 cycles was shown. According to these results, it must be concluded that complex aluminum hydrides cannot be used for the absorption of hydrogen from syngas mixtures without thorough purification.
Exploring the Interdependence Theory of Complementarity with Case Studies. Autonomous Human–Machine Teams (A-HMTs)
Authors: Lawless William F.
Published: February 2021

Rational models of human behavior aim to predict, possibly control, humans. There are two primary models, the cognitive model that treats behavior as implicit, and the behavioral model that treats beliefs as implicit. The cognitive model reigned supreme until reproducibility issues arose, including Axelrod’s prediction that cooperation produces the best outcomes for societies. In contrast, by dismissing the value of beliefs, predictions of behavior improved dramatically, but only in situations where beliefs were suppressed, unimportant, or in low risk, highly certain environments, e.g., enforced cooperation. Moreover, rational models lack supporting evidence for their mathematical predictions, impeding generalizations to artificial intelligence (AI). Moreover, rational models cannot scale to teams or systems, which is another flaw. However, the rational models fail in the presence of uncertainty or conflict, their fatal flaw. These shortcomings leave rational models ill-prepared to assist the technical revolution posed by autonomous human–machine teams (A-HMTs) or autonomous systems. For A-HMT teams, we have developed the interdependence theory of complementarity, largely overlooked because of the bewilderment interdependence causes in the laboratory. Where the rational model fails in the face of uncertainty or conflict, interdependence theory thrives. The best human science teams are fully interdependent; intelligence has been located in the interdependent interactions of teammates, and interdependence is quantum-like. We have reported in the past that, facing uncertainty, human debate exploits the interdependent bistable views of reality in tradeoffs seeking the best path forward. Explaining uncertain contexts, which no single agent can determine alone, necessitates that members of A-HMTs express their actions in causal terms, however imperfectly. Our purpose in this paper is to review our two newest discoveries here, both of which generalize and scale, first, following new theory to separate entropy production from structure and performance, and second, discovering that the informatics of vulnerability generated during competition propels evolution, invisible to the theories and practices of cooperation.
CNN-Based Smart Sleep Posture Recognition System
Authors: Tang Keison , Kumar Arjun , Nadeem Muhammad , Maaz Issam
Published: February 2021

Sleep pattern and posture recognition have become of great interest for a diverse range of clinical applications. Autonomous and constant monitoring of sleep postures provides useful information for reducing the health risk. Prevailing systems are designed based on electrocardiograms, cameras, and pressure sensors, which are not only expensive but also intrusive in nature, and uncomfortable to use. We propose an unobtrusive and affordable smart system based on an electronic mat called Sleep Mat-e for monitoring the sleep activity and sleep posture of individuals living in residential care facilities. The system uses a pressure sensing mat constructed using piezo-resistive material to be placed on a mattress. The sensors detect the distribution of the body pressure on the mat during sleep and we use convolution neural network (CNN) to analyze collected data and recognize different sleeping postures. The system is capable of recognizing the four major postures—face-up, face-down, right lateral, and left lateral. A real-time feedback mechanism is also provided through an accompanying smartphone application for keeping a diary of the posture and send alert to the user in case there is a danger of falling from bed. It also produces synopses of postures and activities over a given duration of time. Finally, we conducted experiments to evaluate the accuracy of the prototype, and the proposed system achieved a classification accuracy of around 90%.
Recent Developments in Cryptocurrency Markets: Co-Movements, Spillovers and Forecasting
Authors: Stengos Thanasis
Published: February 2021

The emergence of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has led to an explosion of trading and speculation in once nontraditional markets [...]
Polyphosphorhydrazone-Based Radical Dendrimers
Authors: Lloveras Vega , Vidal-Gancedo José
Published: February 2021

The search for new biomedical applications of dendrimers has promoted the synthesis of new radical-based molecules. Specifically, obtaining radical dendrimers has opened the door to their use in various fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, as anti-tumor or antioxidant agents, or the possibility of developing new types of devices based on the paramagnetic properties of organic radicals. Herein, we present a mini review of radical dendrimers based on polyphosphorhydrazone, a new type of macromolecule with which, thanks to their versatility, new metal-free contrast agents are being obtained, among other possible applications.
A Simple Turn-off Schiff Base Fluorescent Sensor for Copper (II) Ion and Its Application in Water Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xing , Shen Ling-Yi , Zhang Qi-Long , Yang Xian-Jiong , Huang Ya-Li , Redshaw Carl , Xu Hong
Published: February 2021

An aniline-functionalized naphthalene dialdehyde Schiff base fluorescent probe L with aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) characteristics was synthesized via a simple one-step condensation reaction and exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards copper(II) ions in aqueous media with a fluorescence “ turn-off ” phenomenon. The detection limit of the probe is 1.64 × 10−8 mol·L−1. Furthermore, according to the results of the UV-vis/fluorescence titrations, Job’s plot method and 1H-NMR titrations, a 1:2 stoichiometry was identified. The binding constant between L and Cu2+ was calculated to be Ka = 1.222 × 103. In addition, the AIEE fluorescent probe L could be applied to detection in real water samples with satisfactory recoveries in the range 99.10–102.90% in lake water and 98.49–102.37% in tap water.
Infrared Spectrum and UV-Induced Photochemistry of Matrix-Isolated Phenyl 1-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoate
Authors: Sıdır İsa , Góbi Sándor , Gülseven Sıdır Yadigar , Fausto Rui
Published: February 2021

The conformational stability, infrared spectrum, and photochemistry of phenyl 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate (PHN) were studied by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and theoretical computations performed at the DFT(B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The main intramolecular interactions determining the relative stability of seven conformers of the molecule were evaluated. According to the calculations, the twofold degenerated O–H···O=C intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformer with the phenyl ring ester group ±68.8° out of the plane of the substituted naphtyl moiety is the most stable conformer of the molecule. This conformer is considerably more stable than the second most stable form (by ~15 kJ mol−1), in which a weaker O–H···O–C intramolecular hydrogen bond exists. The compound was isolated in cryogenic argon and N2 matrices, and the conformational composition in the matrices was investigated by infrared spectroscopy. In agreement with the predicted relative energies of the conformers, the analysis of the spectra indicated that only the most stable conformer of PHN was present in the as-deposited matrices. The matrices were then irradiated at various wavelengths by narrowband tunable UV light within the 331.7–235.0 nm wavelength range. This resulted in the photodecarbonylation of PHN, yielding 2-phenoxynaphthalen-1-ol, together with CO. The extension of the decarbonylation was found to depend on the excitation wavelength.
Water-to-Cement Ratio of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Foam Concrete with Caustic Dolomite Powder
Authors: Zheng Weixin , Xiao Xueying , Wen Jing , Chang Chenggong , An Shengxia , Dong Jingmei
Published: February 2021

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) foam concrete (MOCFC) is an air-hardening cementing material formed by mixing magnesium chloride solution (MgCl2) and light-burned magnesia (i.e., active MgO). In application, adding caustic dolomite powder into light-burned magnesite powder can reduce the MOCFC production cost. The brine content of MOC changes with the incorporation of caustic dolomite powder. This study investigated the relationship between the mass percent concentration and the Baumé degree of a magnesium chloride solution after bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O) from a salt lake was dissolved in water. The proportional relationship between the amount of water in brine and bischofite, and the functional formula for the water-to-cement ratio (W/C) of MOC mixed with caustic dolomite powder were deduced. The functional relationship was verified as feasible for preparing MOC through the experiment.
Occurrence and Contamination of Rare Earth Elements in Urban Mangroves of Shenzhen, South China
Authors: Shen Xiaoxue , Chai Minwei , Yang Fang , Cao Ye , Li Ruilli
Published: February 2021

Mangroves acted as sinks of terrestrial pollutants, but the occurrence and contamination of rare earth elements (REEs) in urban mangroves lacked systematic evaluation. In rapidly developing Shenzhen, China, four typical urban mangroves were selected to determine the REEs in urban mangroves, including Baguang mangrove (BGM) and Futian mangrove (FTM) featured with ecological preserve and central business district, respectively; Xixiang mangrove (XXM) and Shajing mangrove (SJM) both featured with industry district. The mean concentrations of total REEs (TREEs) in sediment (0–25 cm depth, μg g−1) were SJM (465.28) > FTM (411.25) > XXM (342.76) > BGM (118.63), with Ce to be the dominant REEs element. The depositions of REEs in urban mangroves were significantly affected by sediment sulfur accumulation and fine sediment, including silt and clay fractions. The main fractionation pattern of REEs in urban mangroves was the enrichment of light REEs (LREEs) and loss of heavy REEs (HREEs). Geo−accumulation index, modified degree of contamination, pollution load index, and potential ecological risk index showed the moderately contaminated level of REEs in FTM, followed by SJM, and XXM, with uncontaminated level in BGM. This study provided important information on REEs in urban mangroves for pollution prevention and remediation in the future.
Location-Specific Adjustments in Population and Employment across Metropolitan America
Authors: Mulligan Gordon F. , Carruthers John I.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the joint adjustment of population and employment numbers across America’s metropolitan areas during the period 1990–2015. Current levels of both are estimated, for 10 year periods, using their lagged (own and cross) levels and eight other lagged variables. Population is affected by both human and natural amenities and employment by wages, patents, and other attributes of the workforce. This paper questions the conventional interpretation of the adjustment process by using geographically weighted regression (GWR) instead of standard linear (OLS, 2GLS) regression. Here the various estimates are all local, so the long-run equilibrium solutions for the adjustment process vary over space. Convergence no longer indicates a stable universal solution but instead involves a mix of stable and unstable local solutions. Local sustainability becomes an issue when making projections because employment can quickly lead or lag population in some metropolitan labor markets.
Synthesis of Magnesium Modified Biochar for Removing Copper, Lead and Cadmium in Single and Binary Systems from Aqueous Solutions: Adsorption Mechanism
Authors: Deng Yu , Li Xiaodong , Ni Fuquan , Liu Qiao , Yang Yunpeng , Wang Min , Ao Tianqi , Chen Wenqing
Published: February 2021

Biochar modification can enhance the properties associated with porosity and functional groups and has been identified as an effective way to improve adsorption capacity. Modified corncob biochars pretreated by different contents of MgCl2 are obtained through slow pyrolysis; then, this work explores the adsorption abilities towards heavy metals. After modification, biochars mainly impregnate carbon surface with Mg(OH)2 and MgO particles. The best mass ratio of magnesium (Mg)/feedback is 15% for modified biochar, and 15%Mg-BC has much higher (2.36–9.34 times) metal sorption capacity than pristine biochar. Batch adsorption experiments show that copper (Cu(II)) and lead (Pb(II)) on adsorbents follow a pseudo-second-order model and cadmium (Cd(II)) follows an intraparticle diffusion model. The adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) fits well with the Langmuir model, and Pb(II) and Cd(II) fit with the Freundlich model. In the binary system, modified biochar still effectively removes metals, but the sorption capacity of metals decreases rapidly because of competitive sorption. The main adsorption mechanisms of metals include surface precipitation, cation π-banding, complexation, and ion exchange. The results show that Mg-modified biochar may be an environmentally friendly material for reducing the water pollution of heavy metals.
Legal regulation of football – prohibitions and limitations
Authors: Nikolova Raina
Published: February 2021

In the article under discussion is the administrative regulation of sports organizations and professional football clubs in Bulgaria. It analyses the legal regulation of sports hooliganism. Also presented are the types of measures and administrative penalties imposed as a result of sports bullying.
Event overview: Promotion of Christian Takoff’s books “Truth and Justice” and “Christals”
Authors: Marcheva Deyana
Published: February 2021

In 2019 SIBI Publishing House issued two book collections of the interviews, public speeches, comments and other texts from the personal blog of the most prominent jurist Mr. Christian Takoff. His colleagues and friends – the lawyer Mr. Valentin Braykov, the journalist Ms. Rossitsa Mihova and the judge Mr. Kalin Kalpakchiev delivered speeches at the event, which the Law Journal publishes with their consent.
Стилізація у творах Б. Садовського в контексті літератури межі століть: до постановки проблеми
Authors: Єлісеєнко Анна Павлівна
Published: February 2021

На початку ХХ століття багато письменників і поетів використовували стилізацію як спосіб переоцінки культурної, естетичної та історичної спадщини попередніх епох. У той час як більшість письменників прагнули вивчати культуру та спадщину Заходу, Б. Садовськой прагнув детально відобразити історію Російської імперії, вказуючи на багато труднощів і суперечностей попередніх епох. Тим не менш, у 1922 році він створив повість «Амалія», яка поєднала культурні особливості та історію двох країн: Росії та Німеччини. Незважаючи на всі спроби, публікація цієї роботи була невдалою. Для створення стилізованих творів письменник часто використовував журнал П. Бартенєва «Російський архів». Повість «Мертвий пловець» основана на спогадах Є. Бібікової-Раєвської, опублікованих на сторінках цього журналу. Вона присвячена епізоду з життя молодого поета О. Полежаєв, який у студентські роки написав автобіографічну п’єсу «Сашка», за яку його викликали до Миколи І і призначили на військову службу солдатом. Стилізована повість «Три главы из неопубликованных записок» також частково базується на матеріалі, опублікованому на сторінках «Російського архіву». Б. Садовськой прагне переосмислити і переоцінити творчу спадщину О. Полежаєв, Є. Баратинського і для цього ставить своїх героїв в особливий історичний контекст, в якому їх риси можуть проявлятися незвично. Крім того, Б. Садовськой використовує як історичний матеріал різні анекдоти, щоб створити особливу атмосферу епохи у своїх стилізаціях. Багато творів передають епоху Петра I, Катерини II, Павла I та Миколи I. Для точнішого визначення ставлення автора до певної епохи необхідно вивчити поетичну спадщину, щоденники та статті автора, які допомагають досліднику наблизитись до розуміння цілей і завдань письменника в кожному творі.
Good business practices improve productivity in Myanmar’s manufacturing sector: Evidence from two matched employer–employee surveys
Authors: Falco Paolo , Hansen Henrik , Rand John , Tarp Finn , Trifković Neda
Published: February 2021

We look into the relationship between business practices and enterprise productivity using panel data with matched employer and employee information from Myanmar. The data show that micro, small, and medium-size enterprises in Myanmar typically do only a few modern business practices. Even so, through estimates of value-added functions and labour demand relations we find a positive and economically important association between business practices and productivity. The results are confirmed when we utilize employer–employee information to estimate Mincer-type wage regressions. In combination, the value-added functions and the Mincer regressions show that at least half of the productivity gain from improved business practices stems from selection effects of employment of more productive workers. This sorting channel is important to keep in mind when supporting enterprises in Myanmar’s manufacturing sector through entrepreneurial training activities. While our results indicate that implementation of more structured business practices could be a key ingredient of a private sector development strategy in Myanmar, the full effect of such a strategy may take time to materialize. Moreover, entrepreneurial training should be accompanied by labour market initiatives aimed at improving productive matches of employers and employees.
'The people whom he foreknew': The English as a chosen people in Bede's 'Historia ecclesiastica'
Authors: Cardwell Samuel
Published: February 2021

This article investigates the representation of the Anglo-Saxons as a ''chosen people' in Bede's 'Historia ecclesiastica'. Although Bede rarely makes the connection between the 'gens Anglorum' and the people of Israel explicit, I argue that he was continuing and reinventing a tradition in Christian historiography, which represented individual Christian nations after patterns established by Old Testament authors. I argue that appreciating the centrality of this biblical motif is crucial for our understanding of 'Historia ecclesiastica' and consequently for our understanding of how national identity developed in Anglo-Saxon England.
“More Than Just Inventors”: RICHARD M. CUTTS, RICHARD M. CUTTS JR., AND THE ETHICAL CHALLENGE OF THE OFFICER-INVENTOR
Authors: Sheehan John A.
Published: February 2021

This article examines the ethical decisions of two enterprising interwar period Marine officers, Colonel Richard M. Cutts and Brigadier General Richard M. Cutts Jr. Known for their development of a muzzle device used on the Thompson submachine gun, the Cuttses have been treated casually by historians as innocuous inventors. This article reveals their crucial role in generating interest in their device and energetic advocacy for official adoption of the Thompson submachine gun. Drawing support from other officers in the Marine Corps and allies in manufacturing, they eagerly pursued widespread sales of their device. Pulled by conflicting demands as Marines, inventors, and business partners, this article contends that they engaged in activity that blurred private business matters with their professional duties as Marines. Examination of the Cuttses invites scholars and practitioners to contemplate the ethical challenges faced by Marines past and present.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGINTERPRETASIKAN BLOOD GASES ANALYSIS MELALUI MEDIA GRAFIS
Authors: Metrikayanto Wahyu Dini , Choeron Rachmat Chusnul , Firman Yasin Dudella Desnani
Published: February 2021

Kemampuan dalam menginterpretasikan blood gases analysis (BGA) sangat diperlukan bagi mahasiswa keperawatan. Namun, menginterpretasikan BGA sering menjadi beban bagi mahasiswa oleh karena sulit dipelajari. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui efektivitas media grafis terhadap kemampuan menginterpretasikan BGA pada mahasiswa Profesi Ners di Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang. Desain penelitian menggunakan one group pre-post test design dengan populasi mahasiswa Program Studi Penddidikan Profesi Ners. Besar sampel sebanyak 38 responden diambil melalui simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tes tulis. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji paired t test dengan ?=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diajarkan teknik interpretasi BGA menggunakan grafis kemampuan responden berada pada rerata 3,74 (SD= 1,89) dan setelah diajarkan teknik interpretasi BGA menggunakan grafis kemampuan responden meningkat dengan rerata 7,63 (SD= 2,09), serta hasil uji statistik didapatkan p=0,000 yang berarti bahwa media grafis sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menginterpretasikan BGA. Dengan demikian, media grafis dapat menjadi pilihan yang sangat tepat untuk menyampaikan materi yang sulit dipahami namun bisa disederhanakan dalam bentuk gambar atau bagan.
HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK ANGGOTA KELUARGA DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA UMUR 1-5 TAHUN
Authors: Irianto Gunawan , Lestari Arena , Marliana Marliana
Published: February 2021

ISPA adalah infeksi saluran pernapasan akut  yang disebabkan oleh virus ataupun bakteri dan banyak terjadi dikalangan anak-anak maupun dewasa. Salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya ISPA adalah faktor lingkungan diantaranya adalah pencemaran udara dan salah satu penyebab tercemarnya udara adalah kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak umur 1-5 tahun di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Talangpadang kabupaten Tanggamus. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan desain survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 66 responden dan analisa penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga dengan kejadian ISPA pada anak umur 1-5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Talangpadang dengan p-value 0,240 (> 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan puskesmas Talangpadang untuk terus melakukan upaya tindakan-tindakan promosi kesehatan dalam bentuk penyuluhan untuk  meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang faktor  resiko apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya ISPA dan cara pencegahannya.
The role of expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine in ensuring socio-economic development of the regions
Authors: Savchuk Svitlana , Demianiuk Antonina , Hupalovska Myroslava
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Current trends in the growth of demand for public goods at the local level increase the expenditures of local budgets for their financial support. Transformation processes in Ukraine to increase the role of local budgets necessitate a clear distribution of sources of tax revenues between the levels of the budget system in direct proportion to the financing of local budgets and the introduction of an effective mechanism for effective financing of local budgets through ensuring the socio-economic development of regions.The purpose of the research is to substantiate the scientific and practical basis of   the role of expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine in ensuring the socio-economic development of regions.Research methods are based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and a systematic approach to the study of local budget expenditures of Ukraine in terms of budget decentralization using methods of scientific abstractions and analogies, analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical analysis to study the role of local budget expenditures in ensuring socio-economic development of the regions.Results. The directions of activity of local authorities in the context of regulation of social and economic development of regions are considered and defined. The system of indicators according to which the monitoring of socio-economic development of regions is carried out is researched. Expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine of social orientation and expenditures on economic activity in the context of determining their impact on the socio-economic development of the regions are analyzed. The role of regional target programs as an important means of effective application of program-targeted budgeting is determined. The directions of growth of influence of expenses of local budgets in definition and maintenance of priorities of social and economic development of regions are outlined. Prospects. Further research is important to focus on increasing the efficiency of expenditure of local budgets in the context of ensuring the socio-economic development of the regions.
Subject of audit: improvement of cognition methodology
Authors: Zhuk Valerii , Melnyk Kateryna
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Scientists generate many conflicting interpretations of the subject of the audit; this indicates the weakness of the current version of audit theory. But in practice, audit from a professional-closed system is increasingly acquiring the status of a socio-economic institute. Therefore, there is a need for a clear identification of the public utility of the audit institute – its mission. The formation of the mission is a priori based on the potential of the subject of the audit, the cognition of which is the primary task of academic science.The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical ideas about the subject of the audit and formulate its new essence on general scientific philosophical foundations and doctrines and the concept of sustainable development.Research methods. In the article has been used general scientific and specific research methods, in particular: abstraction, induction and deduction, comparison – to study of theoretical research of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of audit theory; graphic – to study the models and development strategies of the audit institute; analysis and synthesis – to identify the institutional trend of semantic growth of the substantive functionality of the audit.Results. The research results form the basis for the further development of theoretical ideas about the subject of the audit. The methodology of cognition of the essence of the subject of the audit, based only on the connection to its objects, was critically assessed.  It has been proven that such scientific approach solves the problem of cognizing the subject situationally, but does not form a stable idea about the subject in the theory and practice of audit. The methodology for understanding the subject of the audit institute was proposed taking into account the development of its functionality. The institutional trend  of the substantial increase in audit objects and functions was revealed. The model of    the subject-functional growth of audit and the development strategy of the audit institute has been built on the basis of modern institutional scientific doctrines and the concept of sustainable development. According to the authors, the subject of the audit is the study of the nature of audit functionality, aimed at reducing uncertainty in economic and sustainable development. Steps have been taken towards the formation of a stable version of the audit theory in terms of the sustainability of its audit subject and mission.Discussion. Further research into the essence of the subject of the audit should      be combined with modern economic and social theories, doctrines and the concept of sustainable development, challenges from audit practice. The improvement of the methodology of cognition of the subject of the audit should be based on the application of techniques and methods of practical integrity and axiological methodology, especially in the concept of “audit functionality”.
Promoting Significant Learning: A Case Study in Computational Chemistry
Authors: Parra Ruben Dario
Published: February 2021

This paper describes various pedagogical efforts implemented to promote significant learning in a computational chemistry course. The taxonomy of significant learning advanced by Fink (2003) is used as a framework to discuss the results. In this taxonomy, Fink identifies six categories of learning: foundational, application, integration, human dimension, caring, and learning how to learn. Significant learning occurs when all six kinds of learning are promoted. In the computational chemistry course, the learning outcomes are aligned with these kinds of learning, and students are provided with learning activities to get them engaged with the course content. These activities purposefully activate students’ prior knowledge, increase their motivation, develop basic skills, apply and integrate what they learn in realistic situations, develop an appreciation for computational chemistry as an ally in science, and further their ability to work independently and with others, and to continue learning about the subject matter beyond the course.
Coteaching in Higher Education
Authors: Scherer Hannah H. , O’Rourke Megan , Seman-Varner Rachel , Ziegler Peter
Published: February 2021

Tenure-track faculty at research intensive universities have competing responsibilities in their role as both researchers and teachers, leading to barriers to pedagogical change. This has been well-documented in the sciences. Coteaching models of collaborative planning and teaching with an explicit goal of facilitating educator growth have been successful in increasing the use of research-based pedagogy in higher education settings. We documented our experiences coteaching in an undergraduate ecological agriculture course and, drawing on sociocultural views of faculty work as learning, identified opportunities for learning that occurred. We found that the collaborative teaching team structure provided timely access to pedagogical knowledge, the collaborative planning process was a mechanism for faculty learning, and observing members of the team teach provided opportunities for new insights. Coteaching has had significant, lasting impacts for the instructors. We recommend that universities implement coteaching as a mechanism for supporting faculty use of student-centered pedagogy.
Transformative Pedagogy and Student Voice
Authors: Vengadasalam Sarbani Sen
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the principles of transformative pedagogy that lead to the development of distinct student voices in academic writing classes. Whether the course is taught at the undergraduate level through research, expository, and argumentative writing assignments or at the graduate level through literature review essays, research articles, and dissertation writing tasks, students need to be able to develop their voices and make their contributions to knowledge. Correspondingly, professional writing teachers need to teach students how to write voiced project documents such that it has the student’s unique signature even when situated within a paradigmatic boundary. The article expands on how facilitators of academic writing courses can incorporate S.E.A. principles of scaffolding, empowerment, and awareness as triple enablers into their teaching methodologies in order to develop student voices and usher in transformation successfully. As one of the few articles to examine how graduate and undergraduate academic writing instruction, including W.A.C. (Writing Across the Curriculum) and W.I.D. (Writing in the Discipline) teaching, can be recast to develop student voices, the paper can be helpful to readers looking for resources and recommendations to incorporate transformative pedagogy into their teaching.
MANAGEMENT OF C-SHAPED CANAL IN MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR: A
CASE REPORT
Authors: Shreya Shivangi , Wang C.K.
Published: February 2021

Variations of root canal systems need not always be in the form of extra canals. Clinicians should be aware that there is a possibility of existence of
fewer numbers of roots and root canals than normal, which presents varied canal anatomy and poses a challenge to the clinician's expertise. This
case report deals with the management of an unusual case of C-shaped canal in mandibular second molar. Cone-beam computed tomography
(CBCT) was employed to conrm the extension of the unusual anatomy. 3-D Obturation done with the help of thermoplastic obturation unit.