bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro antiviral, antioxidant and in vivo antipyretic activity of three South Africa medicinal plants crude extracts
Authors:   University of Zululand, Osunsanmi Foluso O , Yotwana Lungelo ,   University of Zululand, Mosa Rebamang A. ,   University of Pretoria, Liu Ai-Lin ,   Peking Union Medical College, Gao Li ,   Peking Union Medical College, Du Guan-Hua ,   University of Mascou, Opoku Andy R ,   University of Zululand
Published: April 2022

This study investigated anti-viral, antioxidant activity and anti-pyretic of crude extract from Artemisia afra, Artemisia absinthium and Pittiosporum viridflorum leaves. The crude extracts were prepared by maceration using aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane respectively. Antiviral studies were evaluated with influenza virus using Fluorescence based -Neuraminidase inhibitors. Antioxidant activities determined with DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl and super oxide anion radicals’ Anti-pyretic activities were evaluated using rats with yeast induced pyrexia. Total phenol, flavonoids, and pro-anthocyanin contents of the plants samples were evaluated using standard protocols. The crude extracts exhibited neuraminidase inhibitory activity against the influenza virus at different thresholds. Artemisia absinthium aqueous extract showed the best activity against A/Sydney/5/97. Whereas Artemisia afra methanol crude extract displayed highest antioxidant potential against the tested antioxidant parameters. All the crude extracts significantly reversed yeast induced pyrexia in rats, similar to paracetamol. Thus, they could serve as natural remedy for respiratory diseases such as Influenza.
Intelligent Management of the International Corporation Competitiveness
Authors: Popova D. V.
Published: April 2022

The urgency of forming and increasing the competitiveness of international companies is increasing in the newest knowledge economy. This predetermines the need for corporations to create new mechanisms for managing innovations and innovative and intellectual competencies, which, in turn, builds a general concept of intellectual competitiveness management at the level of an individual corporation. However, the current theoretical approaches to the competitiveness management do not allow obtaining comprehensive information for the formation of a universal management toolkit based on intelligent management of knowledge and innovations and competencies of an international corporation to achieve global competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to form the complex algorithm for achieving competitive leadership of an international company through the use of intellectual management. Accordingly, the key innovative and intellectual competencies of the corporation in international markets were determined, the logical system for the formation of the corporation’s competitive advantages based on the application KIIC was built and the model and mechanism of intellectual management of the competitiveness of a corporation based on the creation of centers of innovative and intellectual competencies were developed in the article. Such an integrated approach in the context of the implementation of intellectual management will ultimately ensure an increase in the competitiveness of an international corporation.
World Trends in the Development of Hydrogen Energy
Authors: Shevchenko V.  , Lyashenko V.  , Osadcha N.
Published: April 2022

The world prospects of hydrogen energy development are studied. The article analyzes the problems and prospects for the development of hydrogen energy.
Hydrogen can contribute to the decarbonization of a number of sectors, including transportation, chemicals, and steel, where it is difficult to reduce emissions. The transition to hydrogen energy can help improve air quality and strengthen Ukraine’s energy security.
The possibility of using hydrogen in the industry of Ukraine is investigated, and the advantages of using hydrogen are analyzed.
Ways and Tools to Improve the Efficiency of Natural Resources in Ukraine. (Management Mechanisms and Means of Hydrogen Sulfide Mixture Processing into the Black Sea)
Authors: Andrushkiv B.  , Hahaliuk O.  , Kyrych N.  , Pohaidak O.  , Cherep A.  , Sherstiuk R.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the possibilities of using the hydrogen sulfide mixture contained in the depths of the Black Sea as a raw material for processing into hydrogen and obtaining sulfur as a by-product of processing. Prospects and problems of energy resources use in the conditions of energy crisis in Ukraine are considered.
As a result of the conducted geological exploration works and analytical researches the reserves of hydrogen sulfide mixture were established, the mechanisms and means of its processing into hydrogen were proposed. In particular, the expediency of using the absorption – electrochemical method of purification of hydrogen from sulfur, which again can be used as a by – product for the needs of the national economy. It was found that in the process of long-term operation, due to the partial destruction of the elements of the electrochemical reactor, the efficiency of existing treatment plants is reduced compared to acceptable values. It is established that sanitary-protective measures for processing of raw materials do not correspond to the State sanitary rules of protection of atmospheric air of settlements, etc. From the ecological point of view, it is proposed to use economic-mathematical modeling of mass transfer processes in a gas-liquid system taking into account hydrodynamic processes in absorption-electrochemical installations for air purification from hydrogen sulfide, etc.
Ways to intensify the process of scientific development on this and related issues of its economic efficiency are identified. Economic, ecological and safety factors influencing the intensification of hydrogen sulfide processing are studied. Mechanisms and means of improving the efficiency of the use of hydrogen sulfide mixture from the Black Sea are described. Ways to organize its processing into hydrogen are proposed. It is proposed to take measures to develop appropriate.
Strategi Komunitas Intellectual Publik
Authors: Silalahi Amin
Published: April 2022

Strategies intellectual community realized the public is very important today because the public must have the intellectual community characteristics and concrete contribution towards the public issue to find the truth about the (God, Science and Moral) through the ideas contained in: research, teaching and community service through a multi-disciplinary science. Third public spaces that include: research, teaching and community service for the community to give space for the public intellectual exchange between the intellectual mind of the will and collective interests, and seek kebenaran humanity and justice. Interaction between vision / mission and goals of the public intellectual community must be adapted to the environmental issues of public and environmental science specialist from Widya Mandala Surabaya UNIKA so that strategic decisions are tailored to the resources, structure, culture, policies, programs and budget and should be evaluated and controlled so that the universal values of public properties of precedence with a comprehensive, integrated and unified in the mind-heart-will in order to create a man for Others and Improving Life University is mainly intended for the weak groups in society.
Analisis Aktiyitas Tax Avoidance Dari Perspektif Moral
Authors: Lim Setiadi Alim
Published: April 2022

Tax avoidance and tax evasion are not new problems for many countries in the world. They are not unique phenomenon in modern tax problems since many years. Many researchers state that tax avoidance has grown significantly in recent decades. It has been continuously eroded the integrity of the tax base in many countries. Tax avoidance and tax evasion have the same goal: to minimize or to eliminate tax liability. Tax avoidance is legal activity, whereas tax evasion is illegal activity. Although tax avoidance is not formally violate the tax law, but it is usually in contradiction with the intent and spirit of the tax law. This paper is aimed to determine whether tax avoidance is moral or not.
Strategi Diferensiasi: Mencapai Keunggulan Kompetitif yang Sustainable
Authors: Widyastuti Maria
Published: April 2022

Differentation is an effort to descript spesifik characteristic(uniqueness) of aproduct, with the uniqueness owned by a product, so the consumer will be able torecognize this product easily so consumer will be. Because of the main focus iscustomer, then this strategy must give satisfaction to consumer. Differentationstrategy is one of three excellent competitiveness offered by Portes through hisgeneric strategy, leadership of total cost differentiation and focus. To increasedifferentiation can be done by two way implement the existing value activity to bemore unique or the company reset the value of chain. To be successcfull inimplementing both.
Scientific Research on Czech Presence in Ukraine in the 1920s
Authors: Pavlenko Lyudmila
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyse the scientific work on the study of Ukrainian Czechs in the 1920s. The body of work under analysis is found to highlight the reasons and premises for the growing interest in the state and society as driving issues of Czech colonization of Ukrainian lands. The research stems from the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, local scientists and historians, and public activists. The text deals with the Czech national-cultural revival in Ukraine in the 1920s, discussing the history, economic activity, culture, traditions, and lifestyle of Ukranian Czechs. A significant contribution to the work has been made by Volodymyr Kravchenko, Head of the Ethnographic Department of the Volhynia State Research Museum in Zhytomyr, and his assistant and postgraduate student Nykanor Dmytruk, as well as Kornii Cherviak, Director of the Korosten Museum, Antonín Vodseďálek, Head of the seminar for Czech teachers at the Zhytomyr Education Institute, Stefan Křižánek, writer and inventor from the village of Krošna Česká, and others. This work would not have been possible without the fundamental achievements of Yevhen Rykhlik, a prominent Ukrainian Slavic-scientist of Czech origin as well as a famous philologist, ethnologist, teacher and public figure. Rykhlik founded and directed the Cabinet of National Minorities of Ukraine, carried out a number of expeditions to Czech settlements, collected an archive of the Czech press, organised the collection of materials on Czech colonization of Ukrainian lands, and published scientific articles on the subject. He also contributed to the field with his monograph “Czechs of Volhynia”, which was destroyed in the early 1930s.
Hybride Berechnung für Kontinua mit festen und flüssigen Eigenschaften in unendlich hohen Hohlkörpern/Hybrid Analysis for Continua with Solid and Liquid Properties in Infinite High Tubes
Authors: Göttlicher Manfred
Published: April 2022

Viele Materialien wie Getreide, Sand, Boden, Zement und Schnee ähneln in ihrem Verhalten festen Körpern oder Flüssigkeiten je nachdem, welche Lasten und Randbedingungen vorliegen. Die vorgeschlagene gekoppelte Festkörper-Flüssigkeitsberechnung hat das Potenzial, die mit der Berechnung eines einzelnen Aggregatzustandes verbundenen erheblichen Nicht-Linearitäten zu vermeiden. Der feste Anteil wird linear elastisch beschrieben. Der flüssige Anteil wird als langsam fließendes, reibungsbehaftetes und inkompressibles Medium behandelt.
Tributylphosphine promoted domino reaction for efficient construction of spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indoline] and spiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]
Authors: Zheng Hui , Han Ying , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: April 2022

Tributylphosphine catalyzed reaction of isatylidene malononitriles and bis-chalcones in chloroform at 65oC afforded the functionalized spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indolines] in good yields and with good diastereoselectivity. On the other hand, tributylphosphine catalyzed reaction of 3-(ethoxycarbonylmethylene)oxindoles and bis-chalcones gave functionalized spiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-indolines] with different regioselectivity. Additionally, tributylphosphine domino promoted annulation reaction of isatins and ethyl isatylidene cyanoacetates produced spiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indolines] in satisfactory yields.
knowledge sharing and its role in Organizational excellence
Authors: Mohammed Raeda Malallah , Abid Al-Zeid Prof Nadhum Jawad
Published: April 2022

The current research aims to diagnose the extent of interest in knowledge sharing and its role in achieving organizational excellence at the level of the Iraqi environment Primary data through descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, percentages, frequencies) and hypothesis testing using appropriate statistical methods for inferential statistical analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, multiple regression, path analysis) and checking the quality of the data from During (normal distribution, confirmatory factor analysis, structural modeling method, and exploratory factor analysis), after collecting data from (358) observations from the company’s leaders, as the sample was random for a community that included (4300) of the company’s leaders from workers in the Asia company in Iraq, The current research used a number of statistical methods through (SPSS V.26) and (AMOS V.25), and the statistical analysis concluded The most prominent result was the effect of knowledge sharing on organizational excellence.
Strategi Peningkatan Penjualan Melalui Pemasaran Digital bagi UMKM
Authors: Setia Iswara Ulfah , Setyabudi Teguh Gunawan , Palupi Dian , Wahidahwati  , Suwitho
Published: April 2022

Kondisi perekonomian masyarakat akibat pandemi Covid 19 membawa dampak yang sangat signifikan diberbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat. Khususnya UMKM sebagai tonggak perekonomian harus bisa bertahan ditengah kondisi perekonomian yang semakin tidak menentu. Berbagai kendala dihadapi oleh para pelaku UMKM. Penjualan produk UMKM yang mengalami penurunan signifikan harus dicari solusi yang tepat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di UMKM Macro Coffee Roastery yang berlokasi di Jalan Mastrip Kecamatan Sumbersari Kabupaten Jember. Usaha ini bergerak di bidang pengolahan biji kopi mentah menjadi biji kopi matang dan kopi bubuk. Produk kopi yang dihasilkan beragam jenis, yakni kopi Robusta, Arabika, dan Liberika. Omzet usaha yang turun sebesar 40% di tengah masa pandemi membuat manajemen harus mencari cara untuk meningkatkan omzet penjualan, salah satunya melalui pemasaran secara digital. Kemudahan dalam bertansaksi secara digital saat ini menumbuhkan kesadaran manajemen untuk memasarkan beragam produk kopinya secara digital pula. Aplikasi yang dipilih untuk memperkenalkan produk kopi adalah dengan Tokopedia dan Shopee. Selain itu, dukungan media sosial yakni Instagram dan Facebook diharapkan semakin memperkenalkan produk kopi sehingga mampu untuk meningkatkan penjualan. Metode yang digunakan melalui wawancara, observasi dan pelatihan dan pendampingan secara berkelanjutan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada potensi kenaikan penjualan melalui pemasaran digital yang dilakukan oleh Macro Coffee Roastery. Implikasi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan strategi penjualan produk kopi Macro Coffee Roastery melalui pemasaran digital.
Distinctive analysis of the shear bond strength of Porcelain Fused Metal substructure fabricated by conventional casting, direct metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM processing techniques
Authors: R Usharani , N Kothuri Ravalika , Daram Tejasvi
Published: April 2022

Background:The use of metal-ceramic restorations began in the late 1950’s allowing the development of prosthetic rehabilitation with better cosmetic results replacing previously in-demand precious metals. These restorations are commonly preparedusing conventional casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM processing techniques. The present study has been attempted to perform a distinctive analysis of the shear bond strength of porcelain fused metal substructure fabricated by conventional casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM processing techniques. Materials and Methods: The present study follows an in-vitro study design. A total of 45 samples were prepared and divided into 3 groups (n=15 in each group): conventional casting, Direct Metal Laser Sintering and CAD-CAM groups. The shear bond strength of all the specimens was measured using Universal Testing Machine. The specimens were subjected to shear load at the metal-porcelain interface with increasing load and the crosshead speed of 2 mm/sec till the disc debonded completely. The debonded samples were observed under Scanning Electron Microscope to assess the kind of failure. Results:The obtained data of three experimental group samples were analysed using the student’s t-test, One-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s Post-hoc test. Results of t-test showed that, of all the three techniques, Casting technique showshighest mean of force and shear bond strength, and this mean difference was significant. The same results were shown in One-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s Post-hoc test. Conclusion: From the observations of the present study, it can be stated that Casting technique showed highest mean of load and shear bond strength followed by the CAD/CAM method and DMLS technique, respectively. The results of this study ranged from 69-87MPa which is within the safety borders. Therefore, it can be concluded that allthree methods can be used to fabricate the metal substructure in metal-ceramic restoration.
Physical properties of dental plaster filled with marble powder: a pilot study
Authors: Elshereksi Nidal W. , L. Alshabah Bushra , M. Abouod Nadine , K. Albahloul Retaj
Published: April 2022

Dental plaster is one of these products that is mainly used to produce dental casts and mounting purposes. Although the cost of dental plaster is very low, their inferior compressive strength, low abrasion resistance and dimensional instability restricted their usage as primary and working casts. The inclusion of different fillers in gypsum products could play an important role in improving their performance. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical properties of dental plaster incorporated with various concentrations of Marble powder (MP).Methodology: Gypsum composites were prepared by incorporating 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 wt.% of MP. The neat plaster/mixture comprised the controlgroup. The prepared gypsum composites samples were characterized in comparison with the control group. The density, porosity and fluidity of dental MP/plaster samples were investigated. The correlation between density and fluidity was also conducted. Results: The gypsum composite samples displayed a higher density of47% than the control group. However, a remarkable decrease in porosity level was observed as MP content increased. Significant improvements in the fluidity of the dental plaster after impregnating MP filler (p<0.05) whereas there is no significant correlation between density and fluidity of gypsum composites (p>0.05). Conclusion: The concentration of MP in dental plaster is proportional to the density and fluidity of the material and inversely proportional to its porosity.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Non Litigasi Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Trisna
Published: April 2022

The judiciary is basically formed to try and solve problems, but in reality sometimes it is not able to solve the problems faced by the parties, sometimes even causing new problems, namely prolonged hostility between the disputing parties. The problems that will be discussed in this research are What are the legal remedies for non-litigation settlement in dispute resolution according to civil law?, and what are the obstacles to resolving non-litigation disputes according to civil law? The research method used is an empirical research method that is guided by data collection techniques with direct interviews with competent people using peace theory, effectiveness theory in the rule of law concept to study and get answers to existing problems. The results of this study are legal efforts to resolve disputes over buying and selling diamonds in civil law cases, namely by non-litigation, this is generally done in civil cases only because it is more private in nature by having several forms to resolve disputes, namely: Negotiation, Mediation and Arbitration. Meanwhile, the obstacles to non-litigation settlement in the settlement of civil law cases of buying and selling are juridical barriers regarding mediation and the validity of the results of the peace where the parties sometimes or the public doubts the final outcome of dispute resolution through mediation and non-juridical barriers, namely obstacles that occur because the parties involved directly related to the diamond sale and purchase dispute, prioritizing emotions in problem solving. The emotional factor with its arrogance assumes that all parties are in the right position, so they don't want to give up.
LIVING WITH FLOODS AND RECONNECTING TO THE WATER – LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR DELTA PLAINS
Authors: Huang Yan , Lange Eckart , Ma Yichao
Published: April 2022

Although there is a consensus that landscape planning and design can play a positive role in flood mitigation, few specific reviews have explored how the strategies of landscape architecture could play a more effective and beneficial role in flood control. Focusing on the related knowledge about hydraulics, ecology, and practices of flood control, the paper explores the application of resilience theory on providing an improved theoretical framework for landscape planning and design for floods, especially for floods in delta plains, and highlights characteristics of different scales of flood control to landscape architecture. Three main types of technical means are discussed: water channel morphology and processes adjustment; riparian corridor and riparian buffer; and flood-specific landscape structural measures.
Apples and Oranges: Comparing Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries and Gravitational-wave Sources
Authors: Fishbach Maya , Kalogera Vicky
Published: April 2022

The component black holes (BHs) observed in gravitational-wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) events tend to be more massive and slower spinning than those observed in black hole X-ray binaries (BH-XRBs). Without modeling their evolutionary histories, we investigate whether these apparent tensions in the BH populations can be explained by GW observational selection effects alone. We find that this is indeed the case for the discrepancy between BH masses in BBHs and the observed high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), when we account for statistical uncertainty from the small sample size of just three HMXBs. On the other hand, the BHs in observed low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are significantly lighter than the astrophysical BBH population, but this may just be due to a correlation between component masses in a binary system. Given their light stellar companions, we expect light BHs in LMXBs. The observed spins in HMXBs and LMXBs, however, are in tension with the inferred BBH spin distribution at the >99.9% level. We discuss possible scenarios behind the significantly larger spins in observed BH-XRBs. One possibility is that a small subpopulation (conservatively <30%) of BBHs have rapidly spinning primary components, indicating that they may have followed a similar evolutionary pathway to the observed HMXBs. In LMXBs, it has been suggested that BHs can spin up by accretion. If LMXB natal spins follow the BBH spin distribution, we find LMXBs must gain an average dimensionless spin of

0.47

−
0.11

+
0.10

, but if their natal spins follow the observed HMXB spins, the average spin-up must be <0.03.
Trace metal accumulation in tissues of wedge clams from sandy habitats of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast
Authors: Bachvarova Darina , Stancheva Mona , Ignatova-Ivanova Tsveteslava , Ibryamova Sevginar , Chipev Nesho , Alexandrova Albena
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study was to carry out an initial screening of trace metals bioaccumulation in soft tissues of the wedge clam (Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) from different localities of the Bulgarian Black Sea coastal area and to evaluate the bioindicator potential of this species. Wedge clams were collected in June and September 2020 from sublittoral sandy habitats at different localities of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Soft tissues of individual clams were digested with nitric acid followed by ICP-OES analytical determination. The content of trace metals in the wedge clams differed significantly amongst localities. Higher metal content was present in wedge clams from Sveti Vlas, Shkorpilovtsi, Slanchev Bryag, Ahtopol and Kranevo. The highest values of lead (Pb) (2.51 mg/kg) and cadmium (Cd) (0.32 mg/kg) were found in samples from Sveti Vlas and the highest concentration of copper (Cu) (34.12 mg/kg), iron (Fe) (269.52 mg/kg) and nickel (Ni) (0.32 mg/kg) were detected in wedge clams from Shkorpilovtzi. Maximum content of chromium (Cr) (0.58 mg/kg) was present in samples from Slanchev Bryag, together with high values of Fe. The highest concentration of zinc (Zn) (18.04 mg/kg) together with high values of Cr and Fe were measured in wedge clams from Irakli. In conclusion, the wedge clams from the localities known to have higher coastal inflows and touristic pressures, i.e. Varna, Shkorpilovtzi, Sveti Vlas, Slanchev Bryag and Ahtopol accumulated significantly higher metal elements in their tissues. Only few significant seasonal differences in the concentration of metal elements in wedge clams were present and the observed seasonal variations were probably connected to the hydrological parameters of the ecosystems. The wedge clam D. trunculus is a suitable bioindicator for assessment and monitoring of metal pollution in the Bulgarian Black Sea environment.
Ecocide – global consequences (pesticides, radionuclides, petroleum products)
Authors: Metcheva Roumiana , Ostoich Peter , Beltcheva Michaela
Published: April 2022

The problem of environmental pollution is becoming increasingly important on a global scale. Man has oversaturated the environment of his habitat with harmful and most often toxic waste. It is difficult to describe all the toxic substances, as a separate book can be written for each group. The term “ecocide” has been introduced, which reflects large-scale destruction of the natural environment. We will focus only on three classes of pollutants that are of particular concern, creating environmental conflicts. These are:

• Pesticides are extremely toxic and create large amounts of non-degradable waste. It accumulates in tissues and organs of target organisms, becoming toxic and causing serious pathological changes in the body, mainly at the cellular and subcellular levels, causing various diseases and as a result, serious changes in the structure and functions of the populations and the whole ecosystem are increasingly observed.

• Waste from the nuclear industry and radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions. It is especially dangerous that radioactive elements can be concentrated in certain organs.

• Petroleum products - often large quantities end up in the seas and oceans, along with industrial waste of various kinds, impossible to compensate for by nature and they pose a serious threat to ecosystems, many of which have already been destroyed.

At the submolecular level, chemical and physical effects can lead to genetic rearrangements (mutations); destructive ionization in the tissues of every living being, sometimes with completely unexpected consequences for humans.
Application of residual sludges from wastewater treatment technologies for construction of biofertiliser
Authors: Belouhova Mihaela , Yaneva Dobromira , Topalova Yana
Published: April 2022

To stimulate plant development in phytoremediation or in the cultivation of non-food crops in potentially contaminated soils, a biotechnologically created product could be applied. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of creation of biofertiliser, based on activated sludge combined with bacterial strain with detoxifying and plant growth promoting properties. The presented study is focused on the effect of phenol in the following concentrations: 5 mg/l, 100 mg/l, 250 mg/l, 500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l on the metabolic activity of Brevibacillus laterosporusBT271. The gradual increased concentration of phenol was used to study the metabolic activity of mineralised activated sludge and B. laterosporusBT271. The CTC/DAPI staining showed high activity of the bacteria even at the highest concentration. The greatest amount of biomass was accumulated at 5 mg/l phenol (4.44 × 107 cells/ml). At this toxicant concentration, a total dehydrogenase activity of 5.72 × 10-4 μg H+/ml*min was found. Studies of the metabolic activity of microorganisms in experiments involving a combination of mineralised activated sludge, B. laterosporusBT271 and phenol at three concentrations (5 mg/l, 250 mg/l and 1000 mg/l) showed the highest value for dehydrogenase activity in the variant with average phenolic concentration (up to 6.39 × 10-6 μg H+/ml*min. The results proved the detoxification potential of B. laterosporusBT271 when different concentrations of phenol were present. The combination of a mineralised activated sludge and selected highly active biodegrading B. laterosporusBT271 showed valuable properties of detoxification and metabolic activity and keep these potentials up to 1000mg/l phenol.
Cycloplegic Autorefraction as a Substitute for Cycloplegic Retinoscopy in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Schott Brian , Seery Christopher , Wagner Rudolph S. , Guo Suqin
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate whether cycloplegic autorefraction can provide similar results as cycloplegic retinoscopy, allowing more comprehensive ophthalmologists to be comfortable in managing pediatric refractive error and refractive amblyopia.

Methods:

This retrospective chart review was performed to determine the mean difference in sphere, cylinder, and axis between cycloplegic autorefraction and retinoscopy, both of which were obtained on the same eye at least 30 minutes after cycloplegia and dilation with a mixed solution of tropicamide, cyclopentolate, and phenylephrine.

Results:

A total of 34 eyes (18 right, 16 left) from 18 patients were included in the analysis. Mean sphere difference between cycloplegic autorefraction and retinoscopy was 0.044 ± 0.278 diopters (D) (95% CI: −1.275 to 1.363 D), mean cylinder difference was −0.081 ± 0.236 D (95% CI: −0.706 to 0.544 D), and mean axis difference was 7.059 ± 19.676 degrees (95% CI: −32.527 to 38.878 degrees). Mean differences in sphere, cylinder, and axis were not statistically significant (
P
= .362, .0541, and .377, respectively).

Conclusions:

In this small sample population, cycloplegic autorefraction was comparable to cycloplegic retinoscopy. Recognition of amblyopia should still prompt evaluation by a pediatric ophthalmologist. Further research is necessary to confirm whether uncomplicated refractive error in children may be sufficiently detected and managed by a comprehensive ophthalmologist.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2022:59(6):422–427.]
Control analysis of optogenetics and deep brain stimulation targeting basal ganglia for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Honghui , Zhao Yuzhi , Shen Zhuan , Chen Fangyue , Cao Zilu , Shan Wenxuan
Published: April 2022

Interested in the regulatory effects of emerging optogenetics and classical deep brain stimulation (DBS) on Parkinson's disease (PD), through analysis of thalamic fidelity, here we conduct systematic work with the help of biophysically-based basal ganglia-thalamic circuits model. Under the excitatory ChannelRhodopsin-2 (ChR2), results show that photostimulation targeting globus pallidus externa (GPe) can restore the thalamic relay ability, reduce the synchrony of neurons and alleviate the excessive beta band oscillation, while the effects of targeting globus pallidus interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are poor. To our delight, these results match experimental reports that the symptoms of PD's movement disorder can be alleviated effectively when GPe are excited by optogenetic, but the situation for STN is not satisfactory. For DBS, we also get considerable simulation results after stimulating GPi, STN and GPe. And the control effect of targeting GPe is better than that of GPi as revealed in some experiments. Furthermore, to reduce side effects and electrical energy, six different dual target combination stimulation strategies are compared, among which the combination of GPe and GPi is the best. Most noteworthy, GPe is shown to be a potential target for both electrical and photostimulation. Although these results need further clinical and experimental verification, they are still expected to provide some enlightenment for the treatment of PD.
Long-term efficiency of silica fume and fly ash to suppress ASR in field structures
Authors: Leemann A. , Merz C.
Published: April 2022

The potential of ASR in concrete can be assessed by the concrete prism test. However, the transferability of the results obtained with accelerated tests to concrete behavior under field conditions has to be validated. Such a validation was performed ten years ago for concrete produced with Portland cement and various Swiss aggregates. In recent years, the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) has increased. So far, no validation for such types of concrete has been conducted in Switzerland. The goal of the current project is to fill this gap and provide the missing validation. Eight structures where chosen for the investigation. In all of them concrete containing SCM was used and the results of the concrete prism test at time of construction were available. In general, the results of the concrete prism test correlate with the degree of damage in the structures assessed by the analysis of the microstructure.
Apport de la modélisation bayésienne par ChronoModel à la datation de la tombe de Gunsa
Authors: Gauthier Fabrice , Lefèvre Jean-Claude , Oberlin Christine
Published: April 2022

À la fin de l’Antiquité et pendant le premier Moyen Âge, la tombe du martyr Julien a fait de la ville de Brioude un centre religieux majeur des Gaules. Plusieurs édifices ont été fouillés, dont le baptistère. Malgré les interdictions religieuses réitérées pendant cette période, le bâtiment a servi de lieu d’inhumation. Deux sarcophages à épitaphe ont été découverts en contexte stratigraphique : celui de Mellonius, daté du 24 mars 550, en référence au règne de Théodebald, le petit-fils de Thierry Ier, et celui de Gunsa, daté du 1er mars, en référence au règne d’un Théodebert. Deux rois austrasiens portent ce nom et ont régné sur la cité arverne (Augustonemetum). Deux millésimes sont possibles : 534 pour Théodebert I et 597 pour Théodebert II. La datation radiocarbone de cette tombe ne permettant pas de trancher, nous avons eu recours aux statistiques bayésiennes via le logiciel ChronoModel. Un modèle chronologique a été établi en prenant en compte l’ensemble de nos données typologiques, stratigraphiques et chronologiques. Les résultats ajoutent un argumentaire statistique en faveur de la datation épigraphique la plus ancienne de la tombe de Gunsa.
NeutroAlgebra and AntiAlgebra Are Generalizations of Classical Algebras
Authors: Smarandache Florentin , Al-Tahan Madeleine
Published: April 2022

Neutrosophy as a branch of philosophy has many applications in almost every field of science. It studies neutralities, which are found in almost every real-life problem. This chapter is a review of reproduction of the evolution from the foundation of paradoxism (1980s), then of neutrosophy (1995) and its derivatives (neutrosophic set/logic/probability/statistics), then neutrosophic algebraic structures (2003), and ending with the NeutroAlgebra and AntiAlgebra (2019) as well as the NeutroGeometry and AntiGeometry (2021) of the previous work.
An Introduction to NeutroHX-Groups
Authors: Andromeda Sonea , Al-Kaseasbeh Saba
Published: April 2022

The chapter aims to introduce the concept of NeutroHX-Group. Starting with HX-groups and using the newly defined concept of NeutroAlgebra, the authors define the NeutroHX-Group. Using the HX-groups associated with the dihedral group, they obtain the Chinese hypergroup associated with them. They present some examples to illustrate situations when the NeutroHX-Groups and AntiHX-Groups are obtained. Also, they determine a way to obtain commutative hyperstructure, considering the set of all HX-Groups with the dihedral group as support. The important result of this chapter is given by Theorem 1, where it is establishing a connection between NeutroHX-Groups and NeutroSemihypergroups.
Ionization, Gadget Radiation Analysis, and Disease Control by Yajna
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Saxena Mamta , Rajeshwari T. , Sagar Sheelu , Singh Bhavna , Tandon Neeti
Published: April 2022

The use of electronic items like computers, laptops, tablets, television, LED lights, mobile phones, microwaves, etc. are mandatory necessity of lifestyle today. Electro-magnetic radiation is emitted from the electronic devices and are very harmful to human beings its excessive use leads to growth of cancer cells. Therefore, we need to find a way out to prevent ourselves from the harmful effect EMR level at workplace and homes. It is time to adopt modern way from traditional techniques and forward a model that involves the community, with a stakeholder-focused approach. Ancient Indian scriptures have described Yagya to absorb the harmful effect of cosmic waves. Hence, in the present study, the authors have done test to find the impact of Yagya on effect of radiation on human beings emitted from electronic devices. Results of the experiment showed significant decrease in EMR with Yagya, indicating Yagya can be one of the useful solutions as non-conventional method for reducing indoor EMR level.
Japanese Stone Gardens
Authors: Paxton Simon Regin
Published: April 2022

It has been suggested that the modern Japanese garden contains a wide variety of garden types. While some scholars have acknowledged the diversity of modern Japanese gardens, recent developments in Japanese stone gardens, known as karesansui, have gone largely unnoticed. Preconceived notions of karesansui do not encapsulate the true diversity which exists today. Moreover, the general public has tended to exoticize karesansui. Scholarly work on karesansui has, however, dispelled many of the myths and misrepresentations related to these gardens. In this chapter, the author will extend previous research and shed light on recent developments in karesansui and the myths that surround them. This chapter will examine karesansui from several perspectives: diversity, sustainability, and finally, from the perspective of consumerism.
Executive Functions in Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Walker Nancy A. , Sharma Manisha , Tiwari Ashwini
Published: April 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder in which “executive functions” are affected. In conjunction with this book's overall scope, this chapter establishes a multidisciplinary context to discuss intervention and best practices affecting ASD. This chapter aims to tie together the history, cognitive functioning awareness, theoretical underpinnings, and assessment of executive functions in ASD. The authors will also provide a detailed and up-to-date understanding of recent research that connects childhood ASD to executive dysfunctions. Additionally, this chapter will also provide an understanding of existing intervention strategies from psychoeducational to psychological domains as pertains to executive functioning in ASD.
The Relevance of the Early Childhood Executive Functions With Preliteracy Learning
Authors: Rachanioti Eleni , Alevriadou Anastasia , Bratitsis Tharrenos , Laskaraki Eleni
Published: April 2022

High ability preschoolers manifest a great variability on neuropsychological measures and preliteracy skills within their population, despite their intelligence quotient scores in the above average range. The present chapter begins with a definition of the executive functions (EFs), followed by recent research on the penetration of EFs sufficiency or insufficiency in early oral language development. Research data on the EFs and preliteracy skills of high ability preschool children are also presented, followed by the description of an educational EFs training software with embedded preliteracy activities. Its development was based on recent documented evidence on the relevance of early childhood EFs and young children's preliteracy skills. After taking part in a pretest assessment of core EFs and preliteracy skills, a group of 12 high ability preschool children participated in two 30-min sessions of the educational EFs training program with integrated preliteracy activities per week for 12 weeks. Preliminary findings are promising for its efficacy.
Apps for Intervention in Executive Functions in Young Children
Authors: Panesi Sabrina , Freina Laura , Ferlino Lucia
Published: April 2022

Recently, researchers have increasingly shown interest in studying executive functions (EFs) starting from a young age, in particular focusing on interventions in both educational and clinical contexts. Today's children's interest in digital tools is very high allowing for the introduction of new methods of assessment and training. However, there are only a few studies focused on technology-based interventions promoting or assessing EFs in young children. For this reason, a kit of four games for the assessment and training of working memory, inhibition, shifting, and updating in pre-schoolers was developed in the form of apps. The developed prototypes underwent a first test involving some teachers and clinicians who filled an online questionnaire. Data analysis showed that both teachers and clinicians gave a positive and homogeneous evaluation, showing that the apps can be considered useful for the assessment and training of EFs in both educational and clinical contexts.
Conceptualizing Psychiatric “Dirty Work” and Stigma in the Breakdown of the Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Shaw Lee Markham
Published: April 2022

While effective patient-provider relationships can provide vast practical benefits to health outcomes in patients, the fragile therapeutic alliance existing between mental health practitioners and patients has been made ever-contentious due to a lengthy history of neglect, abuse, stigmatization, and misunderstanding. In turn, psychiatric and psychological institutions such as behavioral health centers struggle to address not only increasing rates of mental illness and suicide, but also the emotional labor exhaustion and social taint experienced by their employees. In turn, this piece explores the dialectic tensions between mental health providers and patients through considerations of the ever-present materiality of mental illness stigma, psychiatric “dirty work,” and social taint as they occur in total mental health institutions and conceptualizes the lived experience of mental health practitioners and patients through the establishment of a phenomenological imperative in mental health discourse.
Achieving Supply Chain Resilience Through Smart Supply Chain Practices Leading to Circular Economy
Authors: Mulukutla Srirama K. , Vivek Sai Krishna
Published: April 2022

This chapter develops a framework by integrating digital technologies and supply chain practices to achieve supply chain resilience which in turn leads to circular economy. A systematic literature review methodology was adopted by analyzing the published literature in leading journals available in popular databases like Proquest, Ebsco, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. It is found that implementation of smart supply chain practices through digital technologies by redesigning the existing traditional supply chains will lead to achievement of resilience in supply chains, and in turn, it will also lead to achievement of circular economy. The traditional supply chain is mostly based on linear flow of materials, and it fails to address issues related to environmental aspects and reduction of waste in the system. Given this background, this chapter develops a framework by integrating digital technologies and supply chain practices to achieve supply chain resilience and in turn lead to circular economy.
Revamping Reverse Logistics to Enhance Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Wanganoo Leena , Tripathi Rajesh , Yanamandra Ramakrishna
Published: April 2022

The cross-border reverse logistics operations are different from forward logistics. They are complex and fragmented due to multiple intermediaries participating in the operation. The retailer goes through a re-export process to fulfil the customs documentation requirement in the reverse logistics process. A heavy paper process with low digitization, low transparency, and multiple entities is the trickiest barrier to optimizing the process and achieving customer satisfaction. Integration of technology with external organizations will aid in improving real-time visibility in the process. Blockchain and other emerging technologies have the potential to improve the reverse logistics process and contracts with intermediaries. The objective of this chapter is twofold. At first, the author reviewed the main barriers in the cross-border reverse logistics operation and later provided an insight on the potential of blockchain technology in the process.
Training and Upgrading Skills of Employees Towards Building Resilience Among the Workforce
Authors: Agha Kakul
Published: April 2022

Organizations worldwide realize the value of creating and sustaining a resilient workforce as employees have been battered with physical, social, and psychological pressures due to the unexpected and challenging demands of pandemic. This chapter revolves around training, upskilling, and reskilling in organizations and establishes their relationship with building resilience in employees. It is significantly relevant and timely as work relationships and expectations have suddenly changed across sectors and industries. It is imperative to include scenarios gathered from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), hence a case study of EFS Facilities Services Group using primary and secondary data has been added. This case is a direct evidence of building resilience in workforce with the help of upskilling and reskilling. This chapter will inform of practices adopted for building resilience among workforce at a global level. Conclusions and recommendations inform about different interventions that organizations can adopt in order to build a resilient workforce.
Bigdata Intervention in the Healthcare Supply Chain
Authors: Jinugu Anjaneyulu , Jinugu Vishnu Teja , Madhavi Lalitha V. V.
Published: April 2022

The buzz word “big data” has fueled the global healthcare supply chains (HCSCs) by providing capability to analyse bundles of data. On one hand, the intervention of big data technologies made the SCs more resilient, and on the other, it increased the digital divide between the high-end and low-end healthcare facilities. To bridge the gap within and between the healthcare entities and to advocate strategies or models that can not only strengthen the SCs in the times of COVID-19 pandemic but also strengthen the weakest links in the HCSCs, present research work is undertaken. A comprehensive analysis of the frameworks, models, and strategies is performed, and needed solutions and recommendations are furnished for future endeavours. Suitable managerial and theoretical implications coupled with research prospects are also advocated.