bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stabilities, and electronic and piezoelectric properties of two-dimensional tin dichalcogenide derived Janus monolayers
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Cui Yu , Sun Liping , Li Mengyuan , Du Jinyan , Huang Yucheng
Published: September 2019

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the stabilities, and electronic and piezoelectric properties of Janus SnXY monolayers (X = O, S, Se, Te; Y = O, S, Se, Te; X ≠ Y).
Isostructural phase transition and tunable water rotation within a unique solid rotor system
Authors: Li Wang , Zeng Ying , Shu Xia , He Chun-Ting , Du Zi-Yi , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2019

The comparison of two supramolecular gyroscopes provides an insight for understanding an isostructural phase transition as well as modulating the dipole rotation in crystals. Besides, solid solutions of them can be afforded with tunable properties.
Anion-regulated transient and persistent phosphorescence and size-dependent ultralong afterglow of organic ionic crystals
Authors: Chen Guilin , Guo Sidan , Feng Hui , Qian Zhaosheng
Published: September 2019

Regulation and the transient and persistent room-temperature phosphorescence of organic ionic crystals by the alteration of anions, and unique size-dependent ultralong afterglow of specific organic crystals under ambient conditions were reported.
Lipoic acid antagonizes paraquat-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxidative stress
Authors: Pang Li , Deng Ping , Liang Yi-dan , Qian Jing-yu , Wu Li-Chuan , Yang Ling-ling , Yu Zheng-ping , Zhou Zhou
Published: September 2019

Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide in the agricultural field. The lack of an effective antidote is the significant cause of high mortality in PQ poisoning. Here, we investigate the antagonistic effects of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally existing antioxidant, on PQ toxicity in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). All the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 μM α-LA significantly inhibited 1000 μM PQ-induced cytotoxicity in HMEC-1 cells. α-LA pretreatment remarkably diminished the damage to cell migration ability, recovered the declined levels of the vasodilator factor nitric oxide (NO), elevated the expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthases (eNOS), and inhibited the upregulated expression of vasoconstrictor factor endothelin-1 (ET-1). Moreover, α-LA pretreatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suppressed the damage to the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitigated the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in HMEC-1 cells. These results suggested that α-LA could alleviate PQ-induced endothelial dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress. In summary, our present study provides novel insight into the protective effects and pharmacological potential of α-LA against PQ toxicity in microvascular endothelial cells.
When social sciences meet the bio-physical sciences: energetics perspectives for socio-ecological sustainability
Authors: Padovan Dario
Published: September 2019

In this chapter, the author tries to suggest that social sciences can help the understanding of current critical socio-ecological dynamics. Social sciences have always been suspicious of idea that social phenomena can be investigated from a materialist point of view. Despite the idea that in every society there is a clearly determined group of phenomena separable from those that form the subject matter of other sciences of nature, this reflection suggests that social scientists developed significant analysis of the relationships between society and nature. Here the author tries to show that a social look could cast new lights upon the connections and interdependences between economic crisis and ecological crisis. The basic idea is that the decreasing natural fertility ofcapital is the cause of the decreasing global rate of profit of global economy and consequently the cause of theacceleration of new ways of nature appropriation, which can only deepen the current crisis.
What evolutions and technological solutions are necessary for sustainable land transport systems
Authors: Dalla Chiara Bruno
Published: September 2019

Starting with a glimpse of how mobility and traffic have been evolving in Europe in recent decades, and also with a comparison of motionless communications, the paper considers what mobility and logistics require today, in terms of general trends. In order to try to answer to this question properly, the constraints on transport systems in this first half of the twenty-first century are examined, as far as sustainability is concerned. From such a comprehensive perspective, it is possible to infer solutions for mobility and logistics within urban contexts and for extra-urban transport systems. The conclusions summarise the technological evolutions that can be expected according to the premises, which are therefore compliant with the current and expected environmental constraints and goals.
State of the Art of Electricity Generation (2007-2017)
Authors: Enescu Diana , Fracastoro Giovanni Vincenzo , Panella Bruno , Spertino Filippo
Published: September 2019

The statistics for world energy consumption and electricity production in the last decade are presented to highlight the increment of the electricity share, compared to thermal usages and transportation, in the energy sector. The main technologies for electricity production from fossil fuels and nuclear power are summarised, indicating their characteristics, current plants, and emerging trends. Finally, the state of the art, regarding the technical applications of photovoltaic (PV) generators and wind turbines (WT), is presented.
Hygrothermal behaviour of straw bale walls: experimental tests and numerical analyses
Authors: Mesa Alessandra , Arenghi Alberto
Published: September 2019

Straw is an organic material with hygroscopical properties. The high capacity it has of storing moisture from the surroundings can furthermore influence the performance and lead to the possible degradation of the material thereof. The aim of this study was to assess the conductance C-value of a complex material such as straw. A climatic chamber was used to study a sample, which reproduces a traditional plastered straw bale wall. Tests were conducted under different boundary conditions, setting constant values for temperatures and relative humidity. The revision of the assessment's results allowed the calculation of conductance and conductivity values under different conditions. A numerical model was then designed starting from the laboratory data, which was used to characterize material properties. The match between software simulations and laboratory analyses will be a starting point for further tests. Determining the straw conductance C-value is a difficult task to achieve, due to the complexity and the unique properties of the material. In spite of all this, laboratory tests have shown encouraging results, which reflect the great potential of straw as a building material.
Three-dimensional MHD simulation of the 2008 December 12 coronal mass ejection: from the Sun to Interplanetary space
Authors: Zhang Man , Feng Xue Shang , Yang Li Ping
Published: September 2019

A three-dimensional time-dependent, numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulation is performed to investigate the propagation of a coronal mass ejection that occurred on 12 December 2008. The background solar wind is obtained by using a splitting finite-volume scheme based on a six-component grid system in spherical coordinate, with Parker’s one-dimensional solar wind solution and measured photospheric magnetic fields as the initial values. A spherical plasmoid is superposed on the realistic ambient solar wind to study the 12 December 2008 coronal mass ejection event. The plasmoid is assumed to have a spheromak magnetic structure with a high-density, high-velocity, and high-pressure near the Sun. The dynamical interaction between the coronal mass ejection and the background solar wind flow is then investigated. We compared the model results with observations, and the model provide a relatively satisfactory comparison with the Wind spacecraft observations at 1 AU. We also investigated the numerical results assuming different parameters of the CME, we find that initial magnetic fields in the CME have a larger influence on the solar wind parameters at the Earth.
Alkoholkonsum und Krebsrisiko
Authors: Scherübl Hans
Published: September 2019

Alcohol use is one of the most important and potentially modifiable risk factors for cancer in Germany. The more and the longer a person drinks, the higher the risk of cancer. Even modest use of alcohol may increase cancer risk. Statistically, every German drinks more than 100 gram of alcohol per week; this amount is currently considered to be the limit of low-risk use. Alcohol is causally associated with oropharyngeal and larynx cancer, esophageal squamous cell cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. People with long-term risky alcohol use should be encouraged to join programs of cancer screening. Alcohol cessation appears to be effective in reducing the alcohol-induced, increased cancer risk.
Tinnitracks – Erste Ergebnisse einer Anwenderbefragung
Authors: Löhler Jan , Dobel Christian
Published: September 2019

Hintergrund Die Behandlung eines chronischen Tinnitus stellt nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar. Vor einigen Jahren wurde das „Tailor-made notched music training“ (TMNMT) als neue Methode vorgeschlagen, bei der die Frequenz eines tonalen Tinnitus aus zu hörender individuell zusammengestellter Musik herausgefiltert wird. Mittlerweile gibt es Apps, mit denen die Behandlung durchgeführt wird, z. B. Tinnitracks.

Methoden Im Frühjahr 2018 wurden insgesamt dreimal die damals 457 anwendenden HNO-Ärztinnen und Ärzte hinsichtlich ihres Eindrucks der Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Tinnitracks per E-Mail befragt. Die Daten wurden zentral erfasst, arcsin transformiert und mit einfaktorieller ANOVA ausgewertet; t-Tests dienten zur weiteren Analyse.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt antworteten 117 (25,6 %) der 457 befragten HNO-Ärzte. Durchschnittlich wurde die Therapie in den teilnehmenden Praxen seit 1,26 Jahren angewendet. Hinsichtlich der untersuchten Punkte gab es signifikante Effekte hinsichtlich der Lautstärke, der Frequenz und der Angenehmheit des Tinnitus, die dadurch zustande kamen, dass weniger oft negative als gleichbleibende bzw. bessere Ergebnisse durch die Therapie berichtet wurden; signifikante Unterschiede zwischen „gleichbleibend“ und „besser“ im Sinne eines positiven Therapieeffektes gab es nicht.

Diskussion Tinnitracks ist eine App-basierte Therapie des Tinnitus mittels TMNMT, deren Wirksamkeit bisher noch nicht an einer größeren Patientenpopulation untersucht wurde. Die hier vorgestellt Anwenderbefragung zeigte, dass die Tinnitracks hinsichtlich der Tinnituslautstärke und dessen Angenehmheit wenigstens keinen schädlichen Einfluss hat. Die Tinnitusfrequenz wurde nicht signifikant beeinflusst. Negative Effekte waren selten und statistisch nicht signifikant. Insgesamt kann somit z. Zt. keine Empfehlung zur Therapie mit Tinnitracks gegeben werden.
Desenvolvimento de biscoitos integrais à base de farinha de alfarroba como uma alternativa para substituição do cacau em pó
Authors: Farias Jaqueline Nogueira , Nascimento Franciely Patrícia Barbosa do , Salvador Angela Alves , Silva Arthur Alves Negrão da , Tamasia Gislene dos Anjos , Rossetti Francini Xavier , Bello Sérgio Ricardo de Brito , Vicentini Mariana Scudeller
Published: September 2019

A farinha de alfarroba, fruto da alfarrobeira (Ceratonia siliqua L.), árvore nativa da região do Mediterrâneo, é considerada um produto saudável e de elevado valor nutritivo, podendo substituir o cacau em pó na produção de produtos alimentícios. A partir disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver biscoitos integrais à base de farinha de alfarroba como uma alternativa ao uso do cacau em pó, verificando suas propriedades nutricionais, alterações físicas e aceitabilidade. Os biscoitos foram desenvolvidos a partir da receita padrão à base de cacau em pó, sendo elaboradas três formulações com substituição do cacau pela alfarroba nas proporções de 100%, 50% e 25%. Tal substituição promoveu alterações físicas nos produtos, diminuição no teor de proteínas, carboidratos, gorduras totais e aumento nas fibras. Os possíveis consumidores foram capazes de notar diferença significativa no teste de diferença do controle entre a amostra padrão (100% de cacau) e a III (com menor teor de alfarroba), sendo os demais itens imperceptíveis estatisticamente. De acordo com as análises realizadas e o teste sensorial, verificou-se que a substituição do cacau pela alfarroba é viável.
Penetrated Shotgun Pellets: A Case Report
Authors: Kara M. Isa , Polat Hidayet B. , Ay Sinan
Published: September 2019

Shotgun wounds can result in devastating functional and aesthetic consequences for patients. There is no consensus in terms of removing or retaining foreign bodies such as shotgun pellets. In this report a 54-year-old man who suffered from accidental shotgun wounds on the face approximately 26 years ago is presented. Although most of pellets were still present, there were no symptoms such as poisoning, fistula formation, recurrent infections, or secondary hemorrhage to date except feeling cold in cold days. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:59-62)
Evaluation of Systemic Markers Related To Anemia of Chronic Disease in the Peripheral Blood of Smokers and Non-Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Erdemir Ebru Olgun , Nalcaci Rana , Caglayan Osman
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on clinical parameters and signs anemia of chronic disease in chronic periodontitis patients.

Methods: The study base consisted of 88 patients with chronic periodontitis including 45 volunteer current smokers with age range of 30-69 (45.5±8.5) and 43 volunteer non-smokers with age range of 32-61 years (45.8±7.9). The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and several red blood cell parameters were determined from peripheral blood samples.

Results: In smokers, PI, PD and CAL were significantly higher than non-smokers (P<.05). The number of erythrocytes and the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and iron were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers (P<.05).

Conclusions: In the present study, it is concluded that cigarette smoking may be effective on the signs of anemia of chronic disease in patients with chronic periodontitis. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:102-109)
A Case of Unusual Anatomy in Second Mandibular Molar with Four Canals
Authors: Maniglia-Ferreira C. , de Almeida-Gomesa Fábio , Sousa Bruno Carvalho de , Lins Carla Cabral dos Santos Acioli , Santos Roberto Alves dos
Published: September 2019

Success in root canal treatment is achieved after thought cleaning and shaping followed by the
complete obturation of root canal system. Such treatment may be performed in root canal systems
that do not comply with the normal anatomical features described in standard textbooks. This article
describes the conventional root canal treatment on an unusual mandibular second molar with four
root-canals. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:217-219)
Increased Levels of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Malondialdehyde and its Relationship with Antioxidant Enzymes in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Canakci Cenk Fatih , Cicek Yasin , Yildirim Abdulkadir , Sezer Ufuk , Canakci Varol
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in whole saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, the relationship among the oxidative damage biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes activities and clinical periodontal status were investigated.

Methods: Whole saliva samples were collected from 30 patients with chronic periodontitis and 30 periodontally healthy control. To determine the clinical condition of each subject, the plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing depth were measured. The salivary 8-OHdG level was measured using the ELISA method. SOD and GPx activities and MDA levels were determined spectrophotometrically.

Results: Higher salivary 8-OHdG and MDA levels (P<.001), and lower salivary SOD and GPx activities (P<.05) were detected in periodontitis patients compared to the healthy controls. Additionally, there were significantnegative correlations between salivary levels of 8-OHdG and both salivary SOD and GPx activities as well as between salivary levels of MDA and both salivary SOD and GPx activities (P<.001).

Conclusions: Higher salivary 8-OHdG and MDA levels and lower salivary antioxidant activities seem to reflect increased oxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:100- 106)
“Opening” The Mesenchymal Stem Cell Tool Box
Authors: Zeidán-Chuliá Fares , Noda Mami
Published: September 2019

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adherent stromal cells able to self-renew and differentiate into a wide variety of cells and tissues. MSCs can be obtained from distinct tissue sources and have turned out to be successfully manipulated in vitro. As adult stem cells, MSCs are less tumorigenic than their embryonic correlatives and posses another unique characteristic which is their almost null immunogenicity. Moreover, these cells seem to be immunosuppressive in vitro. These facts together with others became MSCs a promising subject of study for future approaches in bioengineering and cell-based therapy. On the other hand, new strategies to achieve long-term integration as well as efficient differentiation of these cells at the area of the lesion are still challenging, and the signalling pathways ruling these processes are not completely well characterized. In this review, we are going summarize the general landscape and current status of the MSC tool as well as their wide potential in tissue engineering, from neuronal to tooth replacement. Highlights and pitfalls for further clinical applications will be discussed. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:240-249)
Effects of Airway Problems on Maxillary Growth: A Review
Authors: Gungor Ahmet Yalcin , Turkkahraman Hakan
Published: September 2019

The volume of air passing through the nose and nasopharinx is limited by its shape and diameter. Continuous airflow through the nasal passage during breathing induces a constant stimulus for the lateral growth of maxilla and for lowering of the palatal vault. Maxillary morphological differences exist between patients with airway problems and control groups, identifying a potential etiological role in these patients. The purpose of this article was to review the literature on the interaction between airway problems and expressed maxillary morphology including specific dental and skeletal malocclusions. Statistically significant differences were found between patients with airway problems and control groups, in maxillary skeletal morphology including shorter maxillary length, more proclined maxillary incisors, thicker and longer soft palate, narrower maxillary arch and higher palatal vault. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:250-254)
Wetting transition on heated microstructrured superhydrophobic surface
Authors: Han Yuxuan , Liu Yingwei , Kaneko Minami , Uchikoba Fumio
Published: September 2019

Superhydrophobic surface has attracted significant attention since their potentiality to industrial and academic applications. Moreover, superhydrophobic surface wettability at non-ambient temperature, especially at high temperature (but not boiling) was of great importance in many industrial processes. In this paper, we designed and fabricated 4 series superhydrophobic micro-pillar surfaces on the Silicon wafers to investigate wettability at different temperatures. These micro-pillar surfaces were fabricated by photolithography and ICP etching technologies. The temperature-dependent wettability of DI water droplets was characterized using contact angle measurements. The wetting behavior was observed to be different on the surfaces, and the wetting transition occurred at a specific temperature.
The interface of epitaxial nanographene on GaN by PECVD
Authors: Li Zongyao , Xu Yu , Cao Bing , Qi Lin , Zhao En , Yang Song , Wang Chinhua , Wang Jianfeng , Zhang Guangyu , Xu Ke
Published: September 2019

It is believed that directly synthesized graphene on semiconductor and other non-catalytic substrates is a promising route to enable facile graphene integration into commercial electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method has been used to synthesize nanographene directly on gallium nitride (GaN) at a low temperature (550°C). The epitaxial nanographene equipped optical transmittance and conductivity comparable to reduced graphene oxide or chemical exfoliated graphene. The Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the samples before and after growth have been compared. Besides, the interface between nanographene and GaN has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This research will be meaningful for directly integrating graphene with GaN-based optoelectronic and electronic devices.
Ιn situ N2-NH3 plasma pre-treatment of silicon substrate enhances the initial growth and restricts the substrate oxidation during alumina ALD
Authors: Gakis Georgios P. , Vergnes Hugues , Cristiano Fuccio , Tison Yann , Vahlas Constantin , Caussat Brigitte , Boudouvis Andreas G. , Scheid Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

The initial substrate inhibiting island growth and the formation of an interfacial layer with uncontrollable characteristics are the two main drawbacks of the Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of high-k metal-oxide gate dielectrics on silicon (Si). In this paper, we investigate the ALD of Al2O3 films from trimethyl aluminum and H2O, on fluorhydric acid (HF) cleaned, as well as on HF-cleaned and in situ N2-NH3 plasma pretreated Si between 0 and 75 cycles. The films and their interface were characterized via Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The initial deposition is clearly increased on the pretreated surfaces, obtaining a linear ALD regime even after 5 ALD cycles, compared to several tens of cycles needed on HF-cleaned Si. Furthermore, a SixNy layer is formed by the N2-NH3 plasma pretreatment, which acts as a barrier layer, reducing the oxidation of the Si substrate beneath it. This analysis provides a general framework for the understanding and determination of adequate surface pretreatments, able to combat the substrate inhibited initial growth and the Si oxidation during metal-oxide ALD on Si.
Modeling ballistic phonon transport from a cylindrical electron beam heat source
Authors: Wehmeyer Geoff
Published: September 2019

Recent electron microscopy experiments have used focused electron beams as nanoscale heat sources or thermometers to enable high spatial resolution studies of heat transfer in nanostructures. When the electron beam radius is smaller than the heat carrier mean free path, Fourier’s law will underpredict the temperature rise due to electron beam-induced heating, motivating the development of subcontinuum models to interpret thermal electron microscopy measurements. Here, electron beam-induced heating of nonmetallic samples is modeled by applying a recently developed general solution of the governing Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) under the relaxation time approximation. The analytical BTE solution describes thermal phonon transport from a time-periodically heated cylindrical region in a homogeneous infinite medium. The BTE results show that ballistic phonon effects in this radial heat spreading scenario are more conveniently represented using a ballistic thermal resistance rather than an effective thermal conductivity. Calculations of this ballistic resistance for three semiconductors (Si, GaAs, and 3C-SiC) show that ballistic effects dominate the total thermal resistance to radial heat flow for typical STEM or SEM beam radii (<10 nm), indicating that the ballistic resistance could potentially be measured using thin-film electron beam heating experiments. However, combining the BTE solution with recent calorimetric measurements shows that the magnitude of the temperature rise remains negligibly small (<1 K) under typical electron microscopy conditions, even when considering these ballistic effects. These BTE modeling results can be used to quantify electron beam-induced heating or to design experiments probing ballistic phonon transport using electron beam heat sources.
Photoemission sources and beam blankers for ultrafast electron microscopy
Authors: Zhang Lixin , Hoogenboom Jacob P. , Cook Ben , Kruit Pieter
Published: September 2019

Observing atomic motions as they occur is the dream goal of ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM). Great progress has been made so far thanks to the efforts of many scientists in developing the photoemission sources and beam blankers needed to create short pulses of electrons for the UEM experiments. While details on these setups have typically been reported, a systematic overview of methods used to obtain a pulsed beam and a comparison of relevant source parameters have not yet been conducted. In this report, we outline the basic requirements and parameters that are important for UEM. Different types of imaging modes in UEM are analyzed and summarized. After reviewing and analyzing the different kinds of photoemission sources and beam blankers that have been reported in the literature, we estimate the reduced brightness for all the photoemission sources reviewed and compare this to the brightness in the continuous and blanked beams. As for the problem of pulse broadening caused by the repulsive forces between electrons, four main methods available to mitigate the dispersion are summarized. We anticipate that the analysis and conclusions provided in this manuscript will be instructive for designing an UEM setup and could thus push the further development of UEM.
Time dependent correlations of entangled states with nondegenerate branches and possible experimental realization using singlet fission
Authors: Bardeen Christopher J.
Published: September 2019

The spin-entangled exciton states produced by singlet fission provide an experimental route to generate entangled states with nondegenerate branches. Nondegenerate entangled pair states possess an internal “clock” that leads to quantum beating in various detected quantities. The implications of this internal clock for Bell’s inequality measurements and correlated particle detection are analyzed using two- and three-state spin models. In a Bell’s inequality experiment, we find that the choice of detection times can determine whether quantum or classical correlations are observed. The conditions under which the detection events could be time- or spacelike separated are analyzed in order to clarify how the temporal evolution of one particle can influence the time-dependent detection probability of the other. Possible routes to the detection of individual correlated triplet excitons are discussed, emphasizing both physical questions concerning the separation and propagation of triplet excitons over macroscopic distances and experimental challenges concerning decoherence, detection, and interpretation of the signals. We argue that spin-entangled triplet exciton states produced by singlet fission could provide a new way to probe entangled state detection and collapse, complementing schemes based on polarization-entangled photon states.
Nano-to-micro diamond formation by nanosecond pulsed laser annealing
Authors: Bhaumik Anagh , Narayan Jagdish
Published: September 2019

Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of nano-, micro-, twinned, and lonsdaleite diamonds, which are formed after melting and quenching of amorphous carbon or Q-carbon essentially at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. These conversions depend on the degree of undercooling, which is controlled by the laser parameters and thermal conductivities of the amorphous carbon and the substrate. The laser melting and undercooling provide liquid-phase packing of atoms similar to high-pressure, which facilitate the conversion of amorphous carbon into diamond or Q-carbon without using any catalyst. By changing the nucleation and growth rates, we have synthesized a wide range of sizes (4 nm to 3 μm) of diamond crystals. The formation of twinned and lonsdaleite diamonds is controlled by the quenching rate. Therefore, we have created a “factory of diamonds” at ambient conditions by nanosecond laser annealing, which will pave the pathway to design high-speed mechanical and electrical devices.
Improving the signal-to-noise ratio for heat-assisted magnetic recording by optimizing a high/low Tc bilayer structure
Authors: Muthsam O. , Slanovc F. , Vogler C. , Suess D.
Published: September 2019

We optimize the recording medium for heat-assisted magnetic recording by using a high/low Tc bilayer structure to reduce AC and DC noise. Compared to a former work, small Gilbert damping α=0.02 is considered for the FePt-like hard magnetic material. Atomistic simulations are performed for a cylindrical recording grain with diameter d=5nm and height h=8nm. Different soft magnetic material compositions are tested, and the amount of hard and soft magnetic material is optimized. The results show that for a soft magnetic material with αSM=0.1 and Jij,SM=7.72×10−21J/link, a composition with 50% hard and 50% soft magnetic material leads to the best results. Additionally, we analyze how much areal density can be improved by using the optimized bilayer structure compared to the pure hard magnetic recording material. It turns out that the optimized bilayer design allows an areal density that is 1Tb/in.2 higher than that of the pure hard magnetic material while obtaining the same signal-to-noise ratio.
Resonant surface scattering and dislocation flutter explain Kapitza resistance at a solid/solid 4He interface
Authors: Amrit Jay
Published: September 2019

In this report we investigate the Kapitza resistance RK at an interface between a classical solid and a 4He quantum crystal, as a function of temperature. We provide a premise for RK based on a combination of two separate mechanisms which occur simultaneously. Owing to the fact that the phonon wavelengths in solid 4He and in the superfluid are of the same order of magnitude, we infer that one mechanism is due to resonant scattering of phonons by nanoscale surface roughness as predicted by Adamenko and Fuks1 for solid/superfluid interfaces. The other mechanism involves the interaction of thermal phonons with mobile vibrating dislocations within solid 4He. The present analysis demonstrates the plausibility of these two mechanisms in solving the long outstanding problem of the Kapitza resistance anomaly of solid 4He in contact with copper for temperatures ranging from 0.4 to 2 K.
High-resolution spectroscopy of rare-earth ferroborates with a huntite structure
Authors: Popova M. N.
Published: September 2019

A review of spectroscopic study results of rare-earth (RE) ferroborate crystals RFe3(BO3)4, R = Pr–Er, Y. High-resolution spectroscopy is used to study the structural and magnetic phase transitions, spin-phonon and electron-phonon interactions. Physically justified sets of crystal-field parameters are determined, and a number of RE ferroborate properties are simulated.
Nucleoside conformers in low-temperature argon matrices: Fourier transform IR spectroscopy of isolated thymidine and deuterothymidine molecules and quantum-mechanical calculations
Authors: Ivanov A. Yu. , Stepanian S. G. , Karachevtsev V. A. , Adamowicz L.
Published: September 2019

The conformational equilibrium of thymidine and deuterothymidine molecules in low-temperature Ar matrices has been studied using low-temperature matrix-isolation Fourier IR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations by the DFT/B3LYP and MP2 methods. It has been found that two anti-conformers ta2_0 and ta3_0 with different structures of the sugar ring, C2′-endo and C3′-endo, predominate in low-temperature matrices. In isolated state, each of these conformers has a few low-barrier satellites that can fully pass into more stable structures when a molecule enters the matrix. The main syn conformer ts2_0 is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the O5′H group of the sugar and the C2O group of the base (O5′H⋅⋅⋅O2), while C2′-endo is the predominant conformation of the deoxyribose ring. The considerably lower population of ts2_0 compared to the anti-conformers ta2_0, ta3_0 can be explained by the smaller population of satellite conformations. It has been shown that the absorption band of νN3D stretching vibration is split by the Fermi resonance.
Local acoustic field enhancement of single cell photoacoustic signal detection based on metamaterial structure
Authors: Han Jianning , Yang Peng , Tang Shuai
Published: September 2019

The photoacoustic signal from single cell plays an important role in medical diagnosis. Currently, the single-cell photoacoustic detection has limitations. To overcome the limits, an acoustic metamaterial model based on the acoustic waveguide theory for local enhancement of the ultrahigh frequency (UHF) acoustic signals was implemented in this study and it was applied to study the acoustic signal characteristics of individual cells. The local field enhancement effect at different frequencies and the specific mechanism of the model was evaluated in the simulation experiment. This proposing acoustic metamaterial structure of good practical value can be used in various applications for acoustic signal processing.
Organophosphorus chemistry based on elemental phosphorus: advances and horizons
Authors: Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: September 2019

The results of studies on the application of elemental phosphorus for the synthesis of important organophosphorus compounds are surveyed and summarized. Currently, this trend represents a synthetically, environmentally and technologically attractive alternative to classical organophosphorus chemistry based on toxic and corrosive phosphorus chlorides. Direct phosphination and phosphinylation of organic compounds with elemental phosphorus (discussed in the first part of the review) basically extend the range of available phosphines, phosphine chalcogenides and phosphinic acids and provides further development of their synthetic potential (discussed in the second part of the review). It is shown that the breakthrough in this area is largely due to the discovery of reactions of elemental phosphorus (white and red) with various electrophiles in superbasic suspensions and emulsions derived from alkali metal hydroxides and to the development of electrochemical, electrocatalytic and catalytic activation of white phosphorus.

The bibliography includes 299 references.
Experimental and theoretical studies of photoinduced reactions in the solid phase of the interstellar medium
Authors: Murga Maria S. , Wiebe Dmitri S. , Vasyunin Anton I. , Varakin Vladimir N. , Stolyarov Andrey V.
Published: September 2019

The current state of laboratory studies modelling the photoinduced chemical reactions in the solid phase of the interstellar medium is considered. It is shown that multistage processes including physical adsorption of atoms and molecules from the gas phase of the interstellar medium, their drift over the cosmic dust surface, heterogeneous catalysis, photolysis, radiolysis and desorption of the final products and also the photochemical evolution of the dust grains themselves should be adequately included into the astrochemical models of the interstellar medium. The lack of data on the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of photoreactions, needed for quantitative description of the physicochemical transformations in the solid phase of the interstellar medium, is noted.

The bibliography includes 206 references.
Progress in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic systems
Authors: Makhova Nina N. , Belen’kii Leonid I. , Gazieva Galina A. , Dalinger Igor L. , Konstantinova Lidia S. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Rakitin Oleg A. , Starosotnikov Alexey M. , Fershtat Leonid L. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A. , Shirinian Valerik Z. , Yarovenko Vladimir N.
Published: September 2019

The review is devoted to modern trends in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen-and sulfur-containing monocyclic, polynuclear and benzo(hetero)annulated heterocyclic compounds. Methods for the synthesis and chemical reactivity of furazan, furoxan, thiazole, thiadiazole, dithiazole, thiophene, glycoluril, imidazotriazine, diaziridine and other heterocycles are discussed. Characteristic features of reactions depending on the structure of the starting compounds, intermediates and reaction medium (organic solvents, ionic liquids) and mechanistic aspects of the most interesting transformations are considered. Data on the biological activities and prospects for practical applications of the indicated heterocyclic systems are presented.

The bibliography includes 383 references.
Catalysis and regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated carbon bonds. Part I
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Nájera Carmen , Yus Miguel
Published: September 2019

The review presents state-of-the-art data on the influence of catalysts (mainly transition metal complexes) on the regioselectivity of a number of reactions. The most important addition reactions to unsaturated bonds are considered, in particular, hydroformylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydroxy-, alkoxy- and aminocarbonylation, which give predominantly one product. Particular attention is given to reactions with divergent regioselectivity. The reaction conditions, the structures of metal complexes and the ligands involved are indicated and, in some cases, the reaction mechanism is discussed. Examples of industrial processes using homogeneous catalysis are given.

The bibliography includes 203 references.

Dedicated to the memory of V.V.Markovnikov.
The dynamic socio-cultural interactions in translating musicals’ librettos
Authors: Sorby Stella
Published: September 2019

When translating musicals’ librettos from one culture to another, what rôles do socio-cultural factors play? How are they negotiated during the development of the target text? Drawing on some of the major concepts from Actor Network Theory, this study looks at an example from the Mandarin Chinese translation ofMamma Mia!which has recently been performed on the Chinese mainland. It investigates how translators respond to the target socio-cultural context during their libretto translation. The findings suggest that, when translatingMamma Mia!into Chinese, translators operate in a dynamic network of multiple perspectives. Their consumer-oriented interactions with the stakeholders, together with socio-cultural factors, play important rôles in creating resonance with the target audience, and thus contribute to musicals’ commercial success in the global arena. This study leads to a view of the translator as a mediator in the network responding to multiple stakeholders and factors to facilitate the development of the target text.
Effects of normothermic microwave irradiation on CD44+/CD24‒ in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines
Authors: Asano Mamiko , Tanaka Satoshi , Sakaguchi Minoru
Published: September 2019

We previously reported that MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, which are breast cancer cell lines and have cancer and cancer-initiating cells (CICs), were killed following normothermic microwave irradiation in which the cellular temperature was maintained at 37°C. In this study, we investigated the percentages of live or dead cells among CD44+/CD24− cells, which were defined as CICs among MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, and other types of cells in response to microwave irradiation. CD44+/CD24− cells among MDA-MB-231 cells were killed, thereby decreasing the number of cells, whereas the number of live CD44+/CD24− MCF-7 cells was increased following microwave irradiation. Moreover, adhesion, invasion, and migration were decreased in MDA-MB-231 cells, and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in MDA-MB-231 cells was increased following microwave irradiation. These decreased cell activities might have been caused by MMP-2 activation and population changes in CD44+/CD24− in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Abbreviations: APC: allophecocyanin; CBB: coomassie Brilliant Blue; CD: cluster of differentiation; CICs: cancer-initiating cells; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; FTDT: finite-difference time domain; HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2; PI: propidium iodide.
Optimal Design of Airbag Landing System without Rebound
Authors: Zhou X , Zhou S M , Li D K
Published: September 2019

Airbag system has so many advantages including small volume, superior cushioning performance and easy to control that it has been widely used in many fields such as heavy cargo airdrop, soft landing of spacecraft and so on. In this paper, an optimal design method of the airbag is proposed. First, based on the law of thermodynamics and the deformation assumption of airbag, a mathematical model of airbag landing process is established. The results of the model calculation of the cylindrical airbag is preferably consistent with the results of finite element analysis, which shows that the airbag mathematical model is reasonable and accurate. Second, on the basis of this model, the optimal design method of the airbag without rebound is proposed to solve the problem of rebound which will result in uncontrollable attitude and secondary shock in the landing processes. In this method, the evaluation index of airbag cushioning performance is determined, then the key design parameters which have significant impact on airbag cushioning performance are studied, and the optimization model of airbag under constraint with no rebound is subsequently established and solved. Third, by this method, a cylindrical airbag without rebound is obtained. Compared with the non-optimized one, the maximum impact acceleration of the optimized cylindrical airbag is smaller. Consequently, the effectiveness of the proposed optimal design method is verified.
A quad-stable piezoelectric energy harvester for enhancing energy harvesting from rotational motion: Theoretical model and experiments
Authors: Mei Xutao , Zhou Shengxi , Yang Zhichun , Kaizuka Tsutomu , Nakano Kimihiko
Published: September 2019

Recently, different nonlinear energy harvesters were designed to harvest energy from various rotational motions, which aim to provide power to self-powered wireless sensors. In this paper, a quad-stable piezoelectric energy harvester, comprising of a piezoelectric beam and magnets, is designed to enhance energy harvesting efficiency in rotational motion. In addition, a theoretical model is derived to describe the dynamic performance and the output voltage of the harvester. Furthermore, experimental results demonstrate that the presented harvester in rotational motion exhibits a wider working frequency range compared with that of the bi-stable one. Most importantly, for the rotational speed range of 60 - 420 rpm (1 - 7 HZ), the inter-well oscillation for the harvester can be achieved and corresponding peak voltage is higher than 10 V, which can be used to power wireless sensors. Overall, the quad-stable piezoelectric energy harvester is experimentally verified to be suitable for the low-frequency rotational environment.
Nonlinear Responses of a Cantilever Honeycomb Sandwich Plate under Aerodynamic Pressure
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Qi Xiaohui
Published: September 2019

Honeycomb sandwich structures can be used on wings of airplane and the wings may be simplified to a cantilever plate. Airplanes will be affected by airflows inevitably during flight. In this paper, nonlinear vibrations of a cantilever honeycomb sandwich panel affected by aerodynamic force are investigated. The equations of the cantilever honeycomb sandwich panel under aerodynamic pressure and in-plane excitation are obtained by using Hamilton’s principle and the Galerkin method. The equations are nonlinear ordinary differential equations in lateral oscillations with two degree of freedom. Nonlinear dynamics of the cantilever honeycomb sandwich panel under aerodynamic force are derived which is based on third-order piston theory. The nonlinear dynamics of the cantilever honeycomb sandwich panel under aerodynamic force and in-plane excitation are given by numerical simulations. The results show that one can adjust the frequency of the in-plane force to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction in a certain range. In the presence of in-plane forces and aerodynamic interaction, the dynamic behavior of the plate appears in a new form of vibration-intermittent flutter.
Vibration suppression of cantilever plate using nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Liu G , Zhang W
Published: September 2019

Cantilever structure is widely used in the field of aerospace engineering. Due to the complex working environment and the excitation effect, the vibration suppression of the structure is extremely important. The Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES), which is characterized as light weight, targeted energy transfer and high damping efficiency, provides the demanding for the design of vibration suppression of aerospace structures. In this paper, the NES is used to study the vibration reduction of cantilever rectangular plates. Based on the Kirchhoff hypothesis, the coupling dynamic equations of the between the thin plate and the NES are established, and the response of the structure in the first order transverse bending is studied by modal truncation. The suppression effect of the NES under different parameters is analyzed which can provide some theoretical support for the cantilever structure in engineering application.
Ultra-fine high-carbon steel wire drawing with ultrasonic vibration
Authors: Cao Hengqiang , Shan Xiaobiao , Liu Shen , Shi Yongjun , Xie Tao
Published: September 2019

Ultra-fine high-carbon steel wires are widely used in the field of diamond wire saws. The traditional method for drawing ultra-fine high-carbon steel brings many drawbacks. This paper designed an ultrasonic transducer whose frequency is 28 kHz to overcome the above drawing problem of ultra-fine steel wire with a diameter 65 μm. Influences of the ultrasonic vibration on the drawing force and the diameter of wire cycle were investigated by experimental methods. The experimental results showed that the drawing force was reduced by up to 16.6% and the diameter of wire cycle was enlarged by up to 9.7%. Besides, the continuous drawing time of the ultra-fine wire was effectively prolonged. This study can contribute to enhancing the productivity of the ultra-fine wire processing in practical production.
Airflow energy harvesting through diamagnetically levitated magnet rotor
Authors: Gong Qi , Su Yufeng , Zhang Kun , Wu Kedi
Published: September 2019

An airflow energy harvester by using diamagnetic levitation technology to generate electricity is presented in this paper. The energy harvester consists of a lifting magnet, an upper pyrolytic graphite plate, a magnet rotor, two centrosymmetric nozzles, induction coils, and a lower pyrolytic graphite plate. The lifting magnet is used to exert an upward force on the magnet rotor, so the levitated magnet rotor can stably levitate. In order to study the output characteristics of the energy harvester, two streams of airflow are applied to the magnet rotor to form a force couple. The relationship between the induced voltage and the airflow rate was analyzed and tested by simulation and experiment. In this paper, the flow rate was controlled by the mass flow controller, and the output voltage under different airflow rates was recorded. It was found that the peak induced voltage of the coil could reach 2.8 V when the flowrate was 3000 sccm.