bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF DERMATOMYCOSIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF HIV INFECTION
Authors: Moskaliuk V.D. , Kravchuk I.I. , Randiuk Yu.O.
Published: July 2024

Background. In the population of HIV-infected patients, superficial mycoses may have different clinical manifestations, evolution, and etiology, in contrast to those found in the population of people not infected with HIV.
Aim: to describe superficial lesions of fungal etiology in HIV-infected patients and to compare them with a group of patients with onychomycosis of the feet who did not have HIV infection and concomitant diseases.
Materials and methods. 63 patients with lesions of the skin and its appendages of fungal etiology were examined (30 HIV-positive patients and 33 individuals who made up the control group). We analyzed the location of the lesion, the time of development, and performed a mycological examination of skin samples with suspected fungal etiology of the lesion.
Results. A statistically significant difference was found between HIV-infected patients and examined individuals of the control group in terms of the number of cases of Tinea unguium. The clinical picture of bedwetting was brighter in the group of HIV-positive patients. In HIV-infected patients, dermatophyte infection of the foot (Tinea pedis) and intertrigo of the feet (ringworm) are diagnosed significantly more often, compared to the group of patients with onychomycosis of the feet who did not have HIV infection and concomitant diseases (p<0.05-0.01 ). It is noteworthy that sedation always occurred under conditions of HIV load ≥50 copies/ml and the number of CD4+-lymphocytes <500 cells in 1 mm3 of blood serum. The clinical picture of onychomycosis in the compared groups also has differences. Thus, onycholysis and hyperkeratosis are statistically more common in HIV-infected persons (p<0.001). Onychodystrophy was characteristic only for patients with onychomycosis of the feet who did not have HIV infection and concomitant diseases (p<0.01).
Distal-lateral subungual onychomycosis and white superficial onychomycosis were mainly caused by dermatomycetes, proximal subungual onychomycosis by yeast and mixed infection, and total dystrophic onychomycosis was usually caused by filamentous non-dermatomycetes.
Conclusion. A relationship was established between the clinical forms of onychomycosis of the feet of HIV-infected patients and the types of the pathogen (χ2=6.483; df=2; p<0.05).
EUROPEAN APPROACHES AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC MONITORING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POTENTIAL HARMONIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION INTO DOMESTIC LEGISLATION
Authors: Antonenko A.M. , Borysenko A.A. , Melnichuk F.S. , Tkachenko I.V.
Published: July 2024

Background. The usage of pesticides against pests is also accompanied by potential negative effects on non-target organisms. The risk of harm to biodiversity is quite significant. Implementation of ecological and hygienic monitoring strategies, which is quite effectively applied in the countries of the European Union, will allow to reduce potential threats, financial costs and unforeseen consequences for beneficial insects, birds, aquatic organisms, etc.
Aim: analysis of European approaches and regulatory mechanisms of ecological and hygienic monitoring from the standpoint of potential harmonization and implementation in Ukrainian legislation field.
Materials and methods. Data from the literature and regulatory documents of the European Union in the field of environmental assessment and ecological and hygienic monitoring were used for the analysis. An array of literary sources was analyzed, which included the most relevant, up-to-date articles over the past 5 years and valid regulatory documents that have the greatest potential for implementation into the national regulatory framework.
Results. In the EU and the US, a strict risk assessment process is in place to obtain permission to use pesticides, taking into account the potential impact on non-target organisms. Risk assessment of the use of chemical plant protection on the ecosystem and monitoring of the condition of non-target kinds of objects in the territories of intensive agricultural management is carried out at the stage of pre-registration tests. State regulatory agencies primarily require data on average lethal doses and concentrations for some bird kinds (Colinus virginianus, Anas platrynchos, Perdix perdix, Coturnix japonica). However, there are studies that describe the effects on smaller songbirds that are more sensitive to acute poisoning, therefore, to consider the established standards only for large birds is rather imperfect and needs to be refined in Ukrainian practice in the future. The European rules of environmental risk assessment (ERA) have undergone significant changes in recent decades, which have caused many scientists to worry about insufficient plant protection, slow implementation of scientific developments, simplification of environmental relevance and priority. Also, in many normative documents on pesticides, a political trail is traced, which is sometimes difficult to define and measure.
Conclusion. The adoption and implementation of new laws in the field of chemical plant protection in the EU countries are the basis for improving the legislation of Ukraine in this field and ensuring state regulation in the handling of pesticides and agrochemicals.
Determinan Kepuasan dan Implikasinya terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan pada Bengkel Body Repair PT Bavaria Mercindo Motor
Authors: Arianto Nurmin , Septiani Fauziah
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, loyalitas pelanggan, dan kualitas pelanggan, serta bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, kualitas pelanggan, dan kepercayaan pelanggan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan statistik asosiatif untuk menghitung jumlah partisipan yang berjumlah 92 partisipan yang diambil sampelnya menggunakan jasa bengkel. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah Accidental Sampling, sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, mayoritas responden dalam penelitian ini adalah perempuan dengan usia 31 hingga 40 tahun dan berpendidikan S1. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan, kualitas pelayanan, dan loyalitas yang terdapat pada bengkel tersebut cukup memuaskan, meskipun terdapat beberapa keluhan dari pelanggan mengenai produk tersebut. Selain itu, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan, kualitas layanan, dan loyalitas berdampak pada kepuasan pelanggan, dan kepuasan pelanggan, kualitas layanan, dan loyalitas berdampak pada kepuasan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, kepuasan pelanggan dapat berperan sebagai mediator dalam mempengaruhi kualitas produk dan layanan yang diberikan kepada pelanggan dan kepuasan pelanggan
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Situasional terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja pada UD Ony
Authors: Yantony Didit , Jasman  , Haribowo Rio , Rezeki Fitri
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh Kepemimpinan Situasional dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada perusahaan konstruksi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan situasional tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja pegawai. Sebaliknya Kepuasan Kerja dan kombinasi Kepemimpinan Situasional dan Kepuasan Kerja mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya memperhatikan Kepuasan Kerja untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu, manajemen perusahaan harus secara efektif memantau dan mengelola kepuasan kerja karyawan serta menerapkan strategi kepemimpinan yang sesuai dengan situasi untuk mencapai kinerja karyawan yang optimal. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan dan memberikan panduan bagi manajemen perusahaan dalam mengembangkan strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. Oleh karena itu, perhatian terhadap Kepuasan Kerja menjadi penting, dan manajemen harus mengintegrasikan pendekatan kepemimpinan situasional untuk mencapai hasil kinerja yang lebih baik. Studi ini tidak hanya membantu dalam memahami dinamika di balik kinerja karyawan tetapi juga memberikan panduan praktis bagi manajemen perusahaan dalam merumuskan strategi yang efektif. Perusahaan konstruksi dapat mengoptimalkan kinerja karyawannya melalui pendekatan Kepuasan Kerja dan Kepemimpinan Situasional yang tepat. Temuan penelitian ini memperjelas bahwa untuk mencapai kinerja karyawan yang optimal, perhatian yang seimbang terhadap kepuasan kerja dan strategi kepemimpinan situasional sangatlah penting. Penelitian ini juga membuka wawasan baru tentang bagaimana faktor-faktor tersebut dapat diintegrasikan untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik
Determinan Faktor-Faktor Profitabilitas terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Food and Staples Retailing yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017-2021)
Authors: Humairoh Siti , Kurniawati Ria , Sutarjo
Published: July 2024

Penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia sepanjang tahun 2020 menyebabkan beberapa perusahaan ritel di Indonesia mengalami penutupan dan beberapa toko mereka terpaksa tutup. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi efek parsial dan simultan yang terjadi antara variabel independen, seperti Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return On Asset (ROA), dan Return On Equity (ROE), terhadap variabel dependen, yaitu Pertumbuhan Laba. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data dari laporan keuangan perusahaan di sektor ritel makanan dan bahan baku yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (IDX). Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yang menghasilkan 8 perusahaan dari total 13 perusahaan di sektor tersebut yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Periode observasi adalah 5 tahun, dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021, dengan total 40 observasi. Teknik analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi data panel, dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya NPM dan ROA yang memiliki efek positif terhadap pertumbuhan laba, sedangkan GPM dan ROE tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan laba. Selain itu, efek simultan dari GPM, NPM, ROA, dan ROE terhadap pertumbuhan laba juga signifikan secara statistik
RESPON CABAI (Capsicum annum L.) TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA
Authors: Rosmiah Rosmiah , Paridawati Ika , Marlina Neni , Iskandar Sutarmo , Dali Dali
Published: July 2024

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the commodities vegetables that have high economic value. One attempt to increase the growth and yield of chili plants by using liquid organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal biological fertilizer. This research aims to determine the best dosage of liquid organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal biological fertilizer on the yield of red chili (Capsium annum L.). The research was carried out on land of Agriculture of Palembang City, South Sumatra Province. The research period was carried out from February to June 2023. The research used a Randomized Group Factorial Design (RAKF) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The first factor is liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste according to the treatment, namely O1 = 5 ml/L, O2 = 10 ml/L and O3= 15 ml/L. The second factor is the provision of Mycorrhizal biofertilizer (M) which consists of 4 treatment dose levels, namely M0 = 0 g/ta (without mycorrhiza), M1 = 2.5 g/ta, M2 = 5 g/ta, M3 = 7.5 g /ta. The observation parameters in this study were chili weight per plant (g), chili weight per plot (g) and number of productive brances (brances). The results of the research showed that treatment with a POC dose of vegetable waste of 5 ml/l of water with mycorrhizal biological fertilizer of 2.5 g/lot had the highest influence on chili plant production of 48.33 g/plot or the equivalent of 193,32 kuintal/ha.
Deep learning performance analysis for facial expression based autism spectrum disorder identification
Authors: Melinda Melinda , Catur Andriyani Nur Afni , Nurdin Yudha , Khariyunnisa Veni , Yulita Yulita , Agung Enriko I Ketut
Published: July 2024

The subject matter of this paper revolves around the utilization of Deep Learning techniques for the identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through facial expression analysis. The goal is to assess the performance of various Deep Learning architectures in this context, aiming to support the evaluation of AI-based ASD identification technologies within medical imaging standards. The tasks undertaken include conducting a comprehensive performance analysis of different Deep Learning models, emphasizing the significance of data augmentation techniques, and evaluating the convergence ability of these models. Methods employed involve a simulation setup for evaluating Deep Learning architectures using facial expression images of children with ASD. The research utilizes secondary data from open-source sharing platforms comprising 2,840 optical images. The evaluation is conducted with consideration of data ratio settings and data augmentation procedures. Results indicate that data augmentation significantly improves the recall performance, with ResNet-101 architecture demonstrating superior accuracy, precision, and convergence ability compared to ResNet-50 and VGG-16. Finally, the conclusion drawn from this analysis highlights the efficacy of ResNet-101 with augmented data. It stands out as the most suitable model for ASD identification based on facial expressions, emphasizing its potential for early intervention and increased awareness. the scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in its contribution to advancing the state of the art in AI-driven ASD identification, adhering to medical standards, enhancing model performance through data augmentation, and facilitating early intervention strategies for improved patient outcomes.
The method of determining optimal control of the thermoelastic state of piece-homogeneous body using a stationary temperature field
Authors: Nikolaev Oleksii , Skitska Mariia
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a new highly effective method for determining the optimal control of the stress-strain state of spatially multi-connected composite bodies using a stationary temperature field. The proposed method is considered based on the example of a stationary axisymmetric thermoelastic problem for a space with a spherical inclusion and cavity. The proposed method is based on the generalized Fourier method and reduces the original problem to an equivalent problem of optimal control, in which the state of the object is determined by an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, the right-hand side of which parametrically depends on the control. At the same time, the functional of the cost of the initial problem is transformed into a quadratic functional, which depends on the state of the equivalent system and parametrically on the control. The limitation on the temperature distribution is replaced by the value of the control norm in the space of square summable sequences. In fact, this paper considers for the first time the problem of optimal control of an infinite system of linear algebraic equations and develops a method for its solution. The proposed method is based on presenting the solutions of infinite systems in a parametric form, which makes it possible to reduce equivalent problem to the problem of conditional extremum of a quadratic functional, which explicitly depends on the control. A further solution to this problem A further solution to this problem is found by the Lagrange method using the spectral decomposition of the quadratic functional matrix. found by the Lagrange method using the spectral decomposition of the quadratic functional matrix. The method developed in this paper is strictly justified. For all infinite systems, the Fredholm property of their operators is proved. As an important result necessary for substantiation, for the first time, an estimate from below of the module of the multi-parameter determinant of the resolving system of the boundary value problem of conjugation – space with a spherical inclusion – was obtained when solving it using the Fourier method. The theorem that establishes the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution of equivalent problem or optimal control problem without restrictions in the space of square summable sequences is proved. The numerical algorithm is based on a reduction method for infinite systems of linear algebraic equations. Estimates of the practical accuracy of the numerical algorithm demonstrated the stability of the method and sufficiently high accuracy even with close location of the boundary surfaces. Graphs showing the optimal temperature distribution for various geometric parameters of the problem and their analysis are provided. The proposed method extends to boundary value problems with different geometries.
The Application of Apple (Malus sylvestris) Extract-Based Gel: Effects on Teeth Colour Change and Hardness
Authors: Fitri Atika Resti , Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Yendriwati  , Dana Filia , Siregar Nindira Yasmine
Published: July 2024

Manalagi apple extract, which contains malic acid, has the potential to be used as an alternative teeth whitening. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Manalagi Apple (Malus sylvestris) extract-based gel on teeth colour change and hardness. It included an experimental laboratory with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. The samples consisted of thirty anterior extracted teeth which were divided into five groups, including negative control, 10% carbamide peroxide, 25%, 50%, and 75% extract. Teeth were discoloured for seven days using a coffee solution, and gel was applied for 8 hours a day for 14 days. Teeth colour change was assessed using colourimeter device, while hardness was measured using a micro Vicker hardness tester. The data analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann Whitney test, and the t-dependent test. The result showed that there was a significant change in teeth colour after treatment with 75% apple extract gel compared to the negative control and carbamide peroxide 10%. The extracted gel significantly increased teeth hardness value. These results showed that apple extract-based gel improves teeth colour without negatively affecting the hardness, suggesting that apple extract-based gel can potentially be used as a dental whitening agent.
Study of The Utilization of Pineapple Leaves (Ananas cosmosus) as Adsorbent for Lowering Copper Ion Content (Cu2+), Iron (Fe3+), and Zinc (Zn2+) in the Water.
Authors: Chairuddin
Published: July 2024

. It has been conducted the use of pineapple leaf (Pineapple cosmosus) as an adsorbent to reduce ion copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), and zinc (Zn2+) contents in water. First pineapple leaf powder is cut to pieces, dried, finely ground, and activated with 10% HCl by soaking for 24 hours. Two grams of pineapple leaf powder, which was previously activated by 10% HCl added into each 100 mL ions of copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), and zinc (Zn2+) standard solution 20 mg/L, stirred homogeneously, and left for 24 hours, then filtered. The concentration ions of copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), and zinc (Zn2+) infiltrate were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result of this research showed that pineapple leaf powder-activated 10% HCl can absorb 95.98% of copper (Cu2+), 79.16% of iron (Fe3+), and 88.71% of zinc (Zn2+).
Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds from Guava Plant Leaves (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry)
Authors: Lenny Sovia
Published: July 2024

Isolation of flavonoid compound from the leaves of guava (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry) has been done using the extraction method. Extract guava leaves separated by using the Column Chromatography method with silica gel as the stationary phase and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (60:40) v/v as the mobile phase. The result of the isolation compound was a yellow crystal with a mass of 39 mg from fractions 325-435, a melting point of 157-159oC, and an Rf of 0.35. The compound was further identified analysis by spectroscopy analysis using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The spectroscopy data of the isolated compound indicated that the compound is a flavonoid named flavonol.
Effect of Nanocrystal Cellulose Isolated from Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis Guineensis Jack) Addition on Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Product.
Authors: Marpongahtun
Published: July 2024

The research about the effect of the addition of nano crystal cellulose (NCC) isolated from empty palm bunches (EPB) on the morphological and mechanical properties of natural rubber latex products was successfully conducted. This research was carried out in three steps: i.e isolation of α-cellulose from EPB, followed by isolation NCCs from α-cellulose using H2SO4 48.84% at 45ºC for 25 minutes, and manufacture of latex compound with varying filler NCC were 0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0. Manufacturing of natural rubber product was made with pour the NRL followed by vulcanized at 120ºC for 30 minutes. The sheet of NRL product was produced later characterized its mechanical properties through tensile test and surface morphology analysis by SEM. The optimum value of the tensile test result of the NRL product sheet was at the addition of 1,2 phr of NCC with values of tensile test, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus was 3.771 MPa, 877%, and 0.430 Mpa respectively. In addition, surface morphology analysis showed that the NCC was spread evenly.
Fabrication of Bioethanol via Fermentation from Cellulose of Kepok Banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) Using Bread's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Authors: Naufal A. Dzaki , Nasution Rumondang Bulan
Published: July 2024

Bioethanol has been made by fermentation of the cellulose of Kepok banana stems, where this study went through 3 stages. First-stage isolation of cellulose from Kepok banana prevents using HNO3 and NaNO2, removal of swelling with NaOH and Na2SO3, and bleaching process (bleaching) using NaOCl and H2O2, then functional group analysis was performed with FT-IR. The second stage of cellulose obtained was hydrolysed with 1% HCl for 120 minutes of hydrolysis time. The resulting glucose was analysed by Benedict's reagent and the Luff-Schrool method. The third stage of glucose solution results from fermented hydrolysis using bread yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with variations in the weight of yeast 5, 6, and 7 grams, and the duration of fermentation is five days. Bioethanol obtained was tested qualitatively using K2CrO7 and H2SO4 reagents and bioethanol characterisation using GC. The study results obtained 10.18% glucose levels, and the highest levels of bioethanol were obtained at 11.27% with 88.53% purity using 7 g of yeast.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Alih Daya yang Mengalami Pemutusan Kerja Sepihak dalam Merger dan Akuisisi Perusahaan
Authors: Idad Rais Mustopa  , Dipo Wahjoeono
Published: July 2024

akuisisi perusahaan menjadi fenomena yang semakin relevan dalam dunia bisnis yang terus berubah, di mana perubahan kepemilikan perusahaan dapat berdampak signifikan pada pekerja alih daya yang bekerja melalui perusahaan alih daya. Perubahan kepemilikan perusahaan melalui merger dan akuisisi seringkali  mengakibatkan ketidakpastian bagi pekerja alih daya, karena mereka tidak memiliki hubungan kerja yang sama dengan perusahaan yang mengakuisisi. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan risiko pemutusan hubungan kerja sepihak bagi pekerja alih daya, dan persoalan ini menjadi semakin penting seiring dengan peningkatan penggunaan tenaga kerja alih daya di berbagai sektor industri. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki kerangka hukum yang ada, termasuk kontrak alih daya, peraturan ketenagakerjaan, hak-hak pekerja alih daya dan penyelesaian hukum terhadap sengketa pekerja alih daya yang mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja sepihak. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah hukum normatif, yang menganalisis peraturan hukum yang berlaku dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian dan keadilan perlindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada pekerja alih daya. Hasil penelitian menyoroti berbagai tantangan dan potensi keterbatasan dalam perlindungan hukum pekerja alih daya yang selama proses merger dan akuisisi. Namun, penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi praktik terbaik yang dapat diadopsi oleh perusahaan dan regulator untuk meningkatkan perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja alih daya dalam situasi serupa. Penelitian ini diharapkan akan memberikan kontribusi penting bagi praktisi hukum, manajer perusahaan, dan regulator dalam merancang strategi yang lebih berwawasan untuk melindungi hak-hak pekerja alih daya dalam situasi yang rentan ini, sekaligus meningkatkan pemahaman umum tentang kompleksitas masalah ini.
Restrukturisasi Perusahaan Perseroan Terbatas Melalui Pembentukan Perusahaan Grup
Authors: Wiatmaja Ganda , Suhaidi  , Tengku Keizerina Devi Azwar  , Mahmul Siregar
Published: July 2024

Restrukturisasi perusahaan bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kinerja suatu perusahaan, baik pada saat kondisi perusahaan  tidak sehat atau dalam keadaan normal  restrukturisasi diperlukan supaya terus unggul dalam persaingan atau paling tidak dapat bertahan menghadapi persaingan. Salah satu bentuk restrukturisasi  yang dilakukan adalah dengan membentukan perusahaan grup (holding company) dalam satu entitas ekonomi tunggal (single economic entity). Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif atau kepustakaan, sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis, menggambarkan faktanya sekaligus menganalisanya.  Undang-Undang No.40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas tidak ada mengatur keberadaan perusahaan grup, Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas menggunakan pendekatan tunggal. Akan tetapi Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas memberikan legitimasi atas terbentuknya perusahaan grup (holding company). Mekanisme restrukturisasi perusahaan dapat dilakukan melalui pemisahan (spin off) atau pengambilalihan (akuisisi). Holding company dalam realitasnya mempunyai kewenangan yang cukup luas dalam pengelolaan anak perusahaan. Holding company memperoleh perlindungan berupa limited liability, sehingga holding company hanya bertanggung jawab sebesar nilai saham yang disetornya atas ketidak mampuan anak perusahaan untuk menyelesaikan seluruh tanggung jawab hukum kepada pihak ketiga.Hapusnya pertanggung jawaban terbatas (limited liability) disebabkan adanya perbuatan melawan hukum, itikad tidak baik ataupun kerugian pada anak perusahaan yang dilakukan holding company. Untuk memberikan  perlindungan hukum kepada masyarakat perlu adanya pengaturan perusahaan grup di Indonesia. Agar dalam anggaran dasar anak perusahaan ditegaskan kewenangan operasional anak perusahaan ada pada Direksi anak perusahaan yang dipertanggungjawabkan pada RUPS. Untuk menghindari dominasi holding company tanpa tanggung jawab yang seimbang, perlu dilakukan terobosan  hukum dalam Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas terkait dengan perluasan tanggung jawab holding company.
Transition into and within higher education
Authors: Schirmer Hendrik
Published: July 2024

Flexible options for higher education (re-)entrance are important measures to foster social justice and lifelong participation in (higher) education systems with the aim to ultimately create equitable, diverse, and inclusive systems. This chapter looks at these flexible (re-)entry routes along different phases of the study cycle. Not only is the extent of the use of flexible access and return routes across countries considered, but also their suitability for promoting the participation of socially disadvantaged and older population groups in higher education. Main findings include alternative access routes serving as higher education entry paths for older population groups and first-generation students, diversification of access pathways going hand in hand with higher education systems' openness, and extensions of studies beyond the standard period is associated with declining prospects of academic success.
Students’ resources
Authors: Gwosc Christoph
Published: July 2024

A sufficient income is necessary for students to successfully complete all phases of higher education, namely access, retention, and graduation. This chapter analyses the income situation of students in the EUROSTUDENT countries, starting by looking at the level of monthly income for different student groups. In this context, the influence of two recent crisis events, specifically the COVID-19 pandemic and inflation in the years 2022/23, is also taken into account. In addition to the income level, the income structure, i.e. the sources of income and their contribution to students' total income is analysed as well. Particular attention is paid to the three most important sources of income, that is family/partner contributions, self-earned income of students and state support. As insufficient income can be one cause of financial difficulties for students, this topic is analysed in detail, too.
Students’ expenses
Authors: Gwosc Christoph
Published: July 2024

Covering one's own expenses can be regarded as the most important motif for students to generate income. This chapter thus supplements the analysis of the income situation of students. It analyses the expenses of students in the EUROSTUDENT countries in absolute and relative terms. Firstly, a comparison is made between the development of student expenditure and the general inflation rate over the last three years in order to assess a general effect of the recent inflation on students. Various structural analyses of student expenditure in the areas of living costs and study-related costs are then carried out. This also includes the financial support that students receive from their private environment. Special attention is paid to the most important expenditure items of both living costs and study-related costs; this includes housing costs and tuition fees. Finally, the question of the extent to which students are able to cover an unexpected required major expense will also be investigated.
ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES OF IMPLEMENTING THE LATEST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Authors: Maliukhov Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

Over the past fifty years, developed countries have undergone significant changes in their approaches to planning and managing the development of local communities. The main directions of this evolution include changing the levels of responsibility for the development of territories, modernizing management methodology, and intensifying inter-municipal cooperation. In these conditions, local governments should master modern approaches to economic development of communities, using information technology to ensure competitiveness. The author focuses on the key aspects of digital transformation in public administration, considering the experience of countries such as France, the United States, Israel, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Singapore. In France, a special place is occupied by the use of a reliable government messenger Tchap, which ensures the confidentiality and security of civil servants' data. The United States has introduced the Open Meeting concept, which promotes e-democracy and the use of big data for city management, particularly in emergency situations. Singapore has developed six virtual research centers to improve technological capabilities. Israel has developed a national digitalization index that helps measure the availability and effectiveness of local municipalities' digital services, and the Netherlands has introduced a system of electronic interaction between the state and citizens, enabling electronic participation in government activities. The United Kingdom, through its «e-Citizens, e-Business, e-Government» strategy, has become a leader in providing electronic public services, which has increased the efficiency and effectiveness of government agencies. The study showed that the digital transformation of public administration covers not only the processes of providing administrative services, but also uses modern technologies to develop public policy. This includes planning, monitoring, and evaluating the performance of public authorities. The success of such transformations depends on political will, entrepreneurial initiative, and the creation of a favorable business climate.
BRAND LOYALTY MODEL BASED ON BRAND LOVE AND BRAND TRUST
Authors: Asiyah Siti , Irfayanti Deni
Published: July 2024

This research aims to examine the relationship between brand love and brand loyalty through brand trust in BHS brand sarongs. The sample in this study was 100 respondents, with a sampling technique using a non-probability sampling technique, with a purposive sampling technique, namely a technique for determining samples with certain considerations. The analysis method used is the SEM method with SmartPLS. The findings of this research are that brand love has a direct effect on brand loyalty and brand trust, while brand trust has no direct effect on brand loyalty. And brand trust is unable to mediate the relationship between brand love and brand loyalty. The conclusion in this research is that brand trust has no effect on brand loyalty, indicating that even though a brand has high trust, if it is not accompanied by the ability to buy, it is impossible to give birth to brand loyalty. The next finding is that high brand love will give birth to brand loyalty to a brand.
THE ROLE OF MOTIVATIONAL LANGUAGE AS A MODERATION BETWEEN VARIOUS BEHAVIOR KNOWLEDGE OF WORK BEHAVIOR INNOVATIVE AND JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Yuliza Mai , Azliyanti Elfitra , Siswadhi Ferry
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which the influence of knowledge sharing behavior on innovative work behavior and employee job satisfaction with motivational language as a moderating variable. Hypothesis testing was tested using STATA analysis. The tests used include validity analysis, reliability analysis and regression hypothesis testing. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 45 employees at PT Serumpun Indah Perkasa. The results of the study found that knowledge-sharing behavior has a positive effect on innovative work behavior, while knowledge-sharing behavior has a negative effect on employee job satisfaction. Furthermore, motivational language is a moderating variable of the relationship between knowledge sharing behavior and innovative work behavior.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, KUALITAS HIDUP & MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PT. KOMPAKINDO MEDIA DEWATA
Authors: Sodikin Ali Rosari , Maskan Mohammad , Handoko Yunus
Published: July 2024

Keberadaan PT. Kompakindo Media Dewata sebagai lembaga pelatihan di Indonesia bukanlah satu-satunya, puluhan lembaga pelatihan sudah bermunculan sebelumnya, namun sebagai lembaga training yang masih baru diharapkan PT. Kompakindo Media Dewata tidak kalah dengan lembaga-lembaga pelatihan yang lebih lama dan memiliki pengalaman lebih banyak. Dunia dilanda COVID-19 selama kurang lebih 2 tahun yang membuat mau tidak mau para karyawan harus bekerja secara WFH.
Setelah pandemi berakhir karyawan mau tidak mau harus kembali bekerja secara WFO karena banyak karyawan yang belum siap dalam kondisi ini membuat mereka masih terlambat masuk kerja, mangkir pada saat jam kantor dan kurangnya kedisiplinan pada saat jam kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja, kualitas hidup, dan motivasi terhadap kinerja di PT. Kompakindo Media Dewata, baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan sumber data primer melalui kuesioner sebagai metode pengumpulan datanya.
Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik jenuh yang mengambil semua populasi. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 40 responden dengan populasi karyawan PT. Kompakindo Media Dewata. Kuesioner dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert 5 point, dibuat menggunakan Google Forms, dan disebar secara internal perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil penelitian ini adalah disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. Kualitas hidup berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. Motivasi tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja. Disiplin kerja, kualitas hidup, dan motivasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja di PT. Kompakindo Media Dewata.
ارجحية اختيار حكام الكرة الطائرة وفقا للأداء التحكيمي والتمايز في المعرفة القانونية
Authors: Sarmad Abdul Redha  , Prof. Dr. Hussein Abdel Zahra  , Prof. Dr. Hassan Ali Hussein
Published: July 2024

يعتبر اسلوب التحليل التمييزي من اهم الاساليب الاحصائية التي تستخدم لمعالجة البيانات وأيضا لمعرفة مواضع الضعف والاخطاء والاهتمام بها وتقليلها وتحسن من عملية اختيار الحكام المرضيين والغير مرضيين في لعبة الكرة الطائرة، ومن خلال متابعة الباحثون لا حظو ان هنالك تفاوت في الاداء التحكيمي للحكام وذا يدل على ان وجود اشكالية في عملية اخيار الحكام مع عدم الاعتماد على الاساليب الحديثة والعلمية. ويهدف البحث الى التعرفُ على مستوى المعرفة القانونية للحكام العاملين في الاتحاد العِراقي المركزي للكرة الطائرة , كذلك التعرفُ على الدلالات التمييزية للمعرفة القانونية للحكام العاملين في الاتحاد العِراقي المركزي للكرة الطائرة, التعرفُ على نسب أرجحية الحكام المرضين والغير مرضيين وفقا للأداء التحكيمي وتمايز المعرفة القانونية . استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب الوضع الراهن، وحدد الباحثون مجتمع البحث بحكام الكرة الطائرة البالغ عددهم (60) حكما من الدرجة الاولى للموسم (2023-2024)، اختار الباحثون عينة البناء البالغة(50) حكما وشكلوا نسبة (83%)، وعينة البحث الرئيسية البالغ عددهم (30) حكما شكلوا نسبة (50%) بواقع (15) حكما مصنف مرضي بحسب استمارة تقييم الاداء و (15) حكما غير مرضي أيضا بحسب تصنيف الاستمارة نفسها، واختار الباحثون (15) حكما تجربه استطلاعية شكلوا نسبة (25%).
Design and Implementation of a 2-input Arithmetic and Logic Unit using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata
Authors: Chakma Clinton , Laila Fairuza , Rahman Ismat
Published: July 2024

Quantum-Dot-Cellular Automata (QCA), an emerging nanotechnology rooted in Coulomb repulsion, holds the ability to supplant orthodox complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Its distinctive advantages lie in ultra-low power consumption, fast switching speed, and high-density structures. This study conducts an extensive literature review to introduce an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) based on QCA principles. The proposed QCA-based ALU incorporates fundamental logic gates, adders, and subtractors, leveraging the latest XOR gate. Utilizing simulation via QCA Designer 2.0.3, an in-depth performance evaluation of the model is conducted, comparing it with established ALUs based on metrics encompassing cell count, delay, and area. The findings showcase the efficiency of the proposed ALU, characterized by its minimal requirement of 277 cells, an area occupancy of 0.43 µm², and a delay of 2.75 clock cycles. This outcome highlights the favorable attributes of our design compared to existing alternatives, suggesting its potential contribution to the advancement of QCA-based digital circuitry.
DUJASE Vol. 8 (1) 26-31, 2023 (January)
Impact of Incorporating Community Smells with Object-Oriented Metrics to Predict Change-Prone Classes
Authors: Ahammed Toukir , Mahbub Mahir , Tarek Md Hasan , Kabir Ahmedul
Published: July 2024

Change-proneness is an important quality attribute that can help developers to maintain source code more effectively. Change-prone classes refer to those classes which are more likely to change across releases. Existing approaches have used object-oriented metrics to predict change-prone classes. However, community smells related information, which represents the communication issues among developers’ community, has not yet been considered to predict change-prone classes. This study investigates the impact of including community smells-related information with existing Object Oriented (OO) metrics to predict a class to be change-prone in future software releases. It aims to understand the extent to which the addition of community smell-related information can contribute to the performance of change prediction models. To perform analysis, 317 releases of 14 open-source Java projects were selected from GitHub. The resulting dataset is used to predict change-prone classes with five different popular and widely used machine learning algorithms, namely K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Naive Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). To evaluate the performance of the classifiers, accuracy, and F1-measure are used. The experimental results suggest that including community smell metrics along with the existing OO metrics gives better performance in predicting change-prone classes. Moreover, MLP and LR algorithms, which are both parametric models, are found to predict change-prone classes better when Community Smell(CMS) related features are incorporated, in comparison with other non-parametric models. By including CMS along with OO metrics, 1.51% increase in average accuracy and 3.52% increase in average F1 score for Logistic Regression, and 1.69% increase in average accuracy and 3.26% increase in average F1 score for Multi-layer Perceptron have been found.
DUJASE Vol. 8 (1) 32-41, 2023 (January)
Effective Noise Reduction Filters for Precise Temperature Measurement Using Brillouin Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors
Authors: Biswas Jagonnath , Ahmed Tanbin , Imran Sazzad M S , Azad Abul Kalam
Published: July 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of various noise reduction filters in accurately measuring temperature distributions over a 38.2 km single-mode fiber (SMF). Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensor is utilized to gather Brillouin gain spectra (BGSs), which are denoised using bilateral filter (BF), guided filter (GF), adaptive Wiener filter (AWF), non-local means filter (NLMF), average filter (AF) and disc filter (DF). The temperature distributions over the SMF are then determined by applying least-squares curve fitting (LSCF). The study assesses the efficacy of noise reduction filters considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), uncertainty in temperature measurement (UTM), experimental spatial resolution (ESR) and signal processing speed (SPS). Among six different filters, NLMF outperforms other filters which can provide SNR improvement of 10.22 dB for which the UTM can be improved by 58.93% without deteriorating the ESR of the sensor. The noise reduction using such filter can also provide 6.2% faster SPS. Therefore, NLMF can be considered as an effective noise reduction filter for the precise temperature measurement using BOTDA sensors.
DUJASE Vol. 8 (1) 42-50, 2023 (January)
Producción continua de etanol en un reactor de lecho fijo usando células inmovilizadas (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) en alginato de calcio
Authors: Tito Vargas Carlos , Valera López Anacelly
Published: July 2024

La necesidad de incrementar las fuentes bioenergéticas y optimizar su producción a llevado a que se empleen nuevas tecnologías como el de la inmovilización de células que actualmente permite producir etanol  inmovilizando levaduras. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la producción continua de etanol en un biorreactor de lecho fijo usando un sistema de células de Saccharomyces cerevisiae inmovilizadas en alginato de calcio, y la identificación de variables que tuvieron gran influencia en el proceso. Se empleó el diseño factorial N=2K; donde K=3 representó a las variables concentración de sacarosa “S”, pH y temperatura “T”; y el programa estadístico Statgraphics versión 5.1. Manteniendo constante el caudal de alimentación de sustrato (Q = 72 mL/h) y el tiempo de residencia hidráulica (TRH = 8.33 horas). Los resultados fueron 0.13 h-1  de velocidad especifica de crecimiento máxima de células de levaduras libres  y  0.017 h-1de células inmovilizadas en alginato de calcio, 14.4 g/l de etanol como mayor concentración de producto cuando S = 100 g/l,  pH = 4.6 y T = 25oC,  y 3.20 g/l de etanol como la menor concentración cuando S = 200 g/l; pH de 5.6 y T = 35oC. Según el análisis de varianza el rendimiento de la producción de etanol estuvo grandemente influenciado por la concentración de sustrato y la temperatura, el pH tuvo una influencia poco significativa.
Efecto del medio nutriente y temperatura en el cultivo de Nostoc del Río Caño, Alto Perú, Tacna, en condiciones de laboratorio
Authors: Córdova Quispe Jenny Karina , Valera López Anacelly Valera López , Castillo Cotrina Daladier
Published: July 2024

El Nostoc es una microalga con alto contenido proteico que además contiene vitaminas y minerales, crece de forma natural en las zonas altoandinas y es utilizado como alimento por los pobladores; su cultivo en condiciones de Laboratorio es necesario para establecer parámetros de producción de su biomasa en  Laboratorio o en el mismo ambiente natural.  En este trabajo el objetivo fue determinar el efecto del medio nutriente y temperatura en el cultivo del Nostoc en condiciones de Laboratorio. El alga se colectó de las aguas del Río Caño, Alto Perú, Tacna y cultivó en el medio nutriente MACE en placas Petri con luz de fluorescente a temperatura de ambiente (16.4 – 28.6 °C), hasta que se obtuvo colonias puras para su identificación y obtención de inóculos con un mismo peso, para la experimentación según el diseño factorial experimental 2k  con pruebas centrales, entre agosto y octubre del 2002, en la que se empleó los medios nutrientes MACE, BBM sin N, y BBM, y temperaturas de 18 °C, 24 °C, y de ambiente (8.6 -24.6 °C), para obtener como respuesta el crecimiento de colonia en base a su peso húmedo. El alga fue identificada como Nostoc commune, su cultivo en el medio nutriente MACE con más baja concentración de sales, y a la mayor temperatura de incubación (24 °C),  es donde mostró su mayor peso húmedo, 0.0579 g, y porcentaje de proteínas totales en peso seco, 25.38. El efecto del medio nutriente sobre el peso húmedo del alga fue mayor que la temperatura. La obtención de sus colonias por cultivo abre expectativas de producción de biomasa para su aprovechamiento por los pobladores como recurso proteico en la alimentación.
Analysis of Effective Principal Leadership Based on Trait Approach in Improving Education Quality
Authors: Satyawati Sophia Tri
Published: July 2024

This research aims to analyze the leadership traits of effective school principals in improving the quality of education. The method used in this research was a mixed method with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The subjects of this research were principals, teachers, and education personnel in Semarang Regency. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage and categorical, while qualitative data were analyzed using an interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicated that the personality traits of effective principals in improving the quality of education include: aspects of intelligence in the high category (85%), aspects of self-confidence (85%), persistence (88%), integrity (90%), and agreeableness (94%) included in the very high category. The findings of this study showed that principals' personality traits could change when dealing with senior teachers when the principal's tenure is coming to an end, when they are transferred or when they are about to retire.