bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sterile versus clean urinary catheterisation is not associated with post‐transplantation infection
Authors: Jolly Samantha , Court‐Kowalski Stefan , Lu Victoria , Roberts Matthew , Olakkengil Santosh , Coates Patrick T. H. , Bhattacharjya Shantanu
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study is to determine if there was a difference in rate of post‐transplantation urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients who have an indwelling catheter inserted using sterile versus clean technique. UTI is the most common nosocomial infection in the post‐transplantation period. We aim to describe risk factors associated with postoperative UTI in our institution and determine if there was a difference between those who have an indwelling catheter inserted using sterile versus clean technique. Risk factors for UTIs can be divided into recipient, donor, and procedure related factors. While an indwelling urinary catheter increases the risk of infection, it is vital for post‐operative fluid balance monitoring. Given the morbidity of UTIs in transplant recipients, a number of studies have investigated modifiable risk factors; however, investigation of the technique of indwelling catheter insertion at the time of renal transplantation is yet to be examined. A retrospective analysis of a contemporaneously maintained database was performed of renal transplant recipients over a 2‐year period from 2019–2021. Patients were divided into sterile versus clean technique, defined as the use of sterile gloves, gown and fenestrated drape following a surgical scrub, or sterile gloves alone following the use of alcohol‐based hand sanitiser respectively. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. One hundred sixty‐nine patients were included in analysis, with 31 UTIs (18.3%) within 30 days of renal transplantation. Female gender and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease were associated with a higher rate of UTI. One hundred twenty‐three patients had a catheter inserted via sterile technique, and 46 with clean technique, with no significant difference in rate of post‐operative UTI (p = 0.52). Inserting an indwelling catheter either by sterile or clean technique at the time of renal transplantation was not associated with the rate of postoperative UTI within 30 days.
B cells going viral in theCNS: Dynamics, complexities, and functions of B cells responding to viral encephalitis
Authors: Cardani‐Boulton Amber , Boylan Brendan T. , Stetsenko Volodymyr , Bergmann Cornelia C.
Published: August 2022

A diverse number of DNA and RNA viruses have the potential to invade the central nervous system (CNS), causing inflammation and injury to cells that have a limited capacity for repair and regeneration. While rare, viral encephalitis in humans is often fatal and survivors commonly suffer from permanent neurological sequelae including seizures. Established treatment options are extremely limited, predominantly relying on vaccines, antivirals, or supportive care. Many viral CNS infections are characterized by the presence of antiviral antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), indicating local maintenance of protective antibody secreting cells. However, the mechanisms maintaining these humoral responses are poorly characterized. Furthermore, while both viral and autoimmune encephalitis are associated with the recruitment of diverse B cell subsets to the CNS, their protective and pathogenic roles aside from antibody production are just beginning to be understood. This review will focus on the relevance of B cell responses to viral CNS infections, with an emphasis on the importance of intrathecal immunity and the potential contribution to autoimmunity. Specifically, it will summarize the newest data characterizing B cell activation, differentiation, migration, and localization in clinical samples as well as experimental models of acute and persistent viral encephalitis.
Analysis of the clinical features and risk factors of device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room
Authors: Ma Ling‐Yu , Chen Hong‐Lin , Gu Hai‐Yan , Hua Li , Gao Xiao‐Mei
Published: August 2022

To describe the clinical features and risk factors of device‐related pressure injuries (DRPIs) in the operating room. The clinical features of the DRPIs in patients undergoing elective surgery in a tertiary hospital in 2020 were investigated through prospective data collection. A DRPI‐related questionnaire was designed for the patients, and those who did not experience any DRPI were selected according to a ratio of 1:2. Logistic regression analysis was performed in terms of the independent risk factors of operating‐room DRPIs. A P‐value of <.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. The incidence of operating‐room DRPIs was 0.56%, and the proportion of stage I injuries was 73.53%. The injury‐related devices included vital monitoring devices (31.62%), auxiliary therapy devices (27.94%), therapy devices (19.12%), and dressings (3.67%). Non‐bone protuberances, such as the upper arms and thighs, were common injury sites. The patients' body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and instrument action time were independent risk factors for the operating‐room DRPIs. To reduce the incidence of operating‐room DRPIs, it is of great clinical significance to focus on the characteristics of the surgical patients and the types of surgery‐related devices used and to take personalised preventive measures based on the relevant risk factors.
The role of rapid guessing and test‐taking persistence in modelling test‐taking engagement
Authors: Nagy Gabriel , Ulitzsch Esther , Lindner Marlit Annalena
Published: August 2022

Background

Item response times in computerized assessments are frequently used to identify rapid guessing behaviour as a manifestation of response disengagement. However, non‐rapid responses (i.e., with longer response times) are not necessarily engaged, which means that response‐time‐based procedures could overlook disengaged responses. Therefore, the identification of disengaged responses could be improved by considering additional indicators of disengagement. We investigated the extent to which decreases in individuals' item solution probabilities over the course of a test reflect disengaged response behaviour.

Objectives

To disentangle different types of possibly disengaged responses and better understand non‐effortful test‐taking behaviour, we augmented responses‐time‐based procedures for identifying rapid guessing with strategies for detecting disengaged responses on the basis of performance declines in non‐rapid responses.

Methods

We combined item response theory (IRT) models for rapid guessing and test‐taking persistence to examine the capability of response times and item positions to capture response disengagement. We used a computerized assessment in which science items were randomly distributed across positions for each student. This allowed us to estimate individual differences in test‐taking persistence (i.e., the duration for which the initial level of performance is maintained) while accounting for rapid responses.

Results and Conclusions

Response times did not fully explain disengagement; item responses reflected test‐taking persistence even when rapid responses were accounted for. This interpretation was supported by a strong correlation of test‐taking persistence with decreases in self‐reported test‐taking effort. Furthermore, our results suggest that IRT models for test‐taking persistence can effectively account for the undesirable impact of low test‐taking effort even when response times are unavailable.
NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR and EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 negatively regulate abscisic acid signaling by inhibiting Snf1‐related protein kinase2 activity and stability in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chang Ya‐Nan , Wang Zhijuan , Ren Ziyin , Wang Chun‐Han , Wang Pengcheng , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Li Xia , Duan Cheng‐Guo
Published: August 2022

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as drought. Abscisic acid receptors and coreceptors perceive ABA to activate Snf1‐related protein kinase2s (SnRK2s) that phosphorylate downstream effectors, thereby activating ABA signaling and the stress response. As stress responses come with fitness penalties for plants, it is crucial to tightly control SnRK2 kinase activity to restrict ABA signaling. However, how SnRK2 kinases are inactivated remains elusive. Here, we show that NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR (NUA), a nuclear pore complex (NPC) component, negatively regulates ABA‐mediated inhibition of seed germination and post‐germination growth, and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. The role of NUA in response to ABA depends on SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3 for seed germination and on SnRK2.6 for drought. NUA does not directly inhibit the phosphorylation of these SnRK2s or affects their abundance. However, the NUA‐interacting protein EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4), a SUMO protease, negatively regulates ABA signaling by directly interacting with and inhibiting SnRK2 phosphorylation and protein levels. More importantly, we demonstrated that SnRK2.6 can be SUMOylated in vitro, and ESD4 inhibits its SUMOylation. Taken together, we identified NUA and ESD4 as SnRK2 kinase inhibitors that block SnRK2 activity, and reveal a mechanism whereby NUA and ESD4 negatively regulate plant responses to ABA and drought stress possibly through SUMOylation‐dependent regulation of SnRK2s.
Low temperature eclogite facies rocks discovered in the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis: Poly‐cyclic metamorphic evolution and implications
Authors: Li Wangchao , Yin Changqing , Zhang Zeming , Cawood Peter A. , Li Shun , Zhang Jian , Ding Huixia , Qian Jiahui , Zhang Yanling
Published: August 2022

We report the first occurrence of poly‐cyclic high‐pressure low‐temperature (HP‐LT) rocks from the easternmost Indus‐Yarlung suture zone, formed during subduction of Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Petrology, mineral composition and P–T pseudosection modelling reveal two low‐temperature eclogite facies metamorphic events with an initial high‐pressure P–T condition of 16.4–18.7 kbar and 510–520°C, exhumation to 10.5–12.0 kbar and 580–590°C and a subsequent second high‐pressure P–T condition of ~16 kbar and ~560°C and exhumation to ≤9 kbar and ≤600°C. This history implies a complex ‘yo‐yo type’ P–T path. In situ monazite dating and textural relationships show that late‐stage exhumation, cooling and garnet breakdown occurred at c. ~25–22 Ma. We interpret the first burial event to represent subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean at the eastern Indus‐Yarlung suture zone. Initial exhumation, reburial and final exhumation represent material transport in a large‐scale convective circulation system in the subduction channel. Convective overturn in the subduction channel evidently serves both as a mechanism to produce poly‐cyclic metamorphism and to exhume LT eclogite facies rocks.
Persistent T‐cell exhaustion in relation to prolonged pulmonary pathology and death after severe COVID‐19: Results from two Norwegian cohort studies
Authors: Trøseid Marius , Dahl Tuva B. , Holter Jan C. , Kildal Anders B. , Murphy Sarah L. , Yang Kuan , Quiles‐Jiménez Ana , Heggelund Lars , Müller Karl Erik , Tveita Anders , Michelsen Annika E. , Bøe Simen , Holten Aleksander R. , Hoel Hedda , Mathiessen Alexander , Aaløkken Trond M. , Fevang Børre , Granerud Beathe K. , Tonby Kristian , Henriksen Katerina N. , Lerum Tøri V. , Müller Fredrik , Skjønsberg Ole H. , Barratt‐Due Andreas , Dyrhol‐Riise Anne M. , Aukrust Pål , Halvorsen Bente , Ueland Thor ,   NOR‐SOLIDARITY Consortium,   Norwegian SARS‐CoV‐2 study group
Published: August 2022

Background

T‐cell activation is associated with an adverse outcome in COVID‐19, but whether T‐cell activation and exhaustion relate to persistent respiratory dysfunction and death is unknown.

Objectives

To investigate whether T‐cell activation and exhaustion persist and are associated with prolonged respiratory dysfunction and death after hospitalization for COVID‐19.

Methods

Plasma and serum from two Norwegian cohorts of hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (n = 414) were analyzed for soluble (s) markers of T‐cell activation (sCD25) and exhaustion (sTim‐3) during hospitalization and follow‐up.

Results

Both markers were strongly associated with acute respiratory failure, but only sTim‐3 was independently associated with 60‐day mortality. Levels of sTim‐3 remained elevated 3 and 12 months after hospitalization and were associated with pulmonary radiological pathology after 3 months.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest prolonged T‐cell exhaustion is an important immunological sequela, potentially related to long‐term outcomes after severe COVID‐19.
Alloimmunization in dogs after transfusion: A serial cross‐match study
Authors: Herter Lisa , Weingart Christiane , Merten Nina , Bock Nicole , Merle Roswitha , Kohn Barbara
Published: August 2022

Background

Cross‐matching is performed to determine the serological compatibility of donor and recipient blood. Current guidelines recommend that cross‐matching should be performed in dogs when an initial transfusion was performed more than 4 days ago or when the transfusion history is unknown.

Hypothesis

Determination at what time point alloantibodies are detected in dogs after transfusion. The hypothesis was that dogs would form alloantibodies within 4 days after a transfusion.

Animals

Twenty‐one anemic dogs were transfused and monitored for at least 4 subsequent days. Exclusion criteria were persistent red blood cell (RBC) agglutination and a previous transfusion.

Methods

Prospective observational study. Cross‐matching was performed before the initial DEA 1‐compatible transfusion and on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 and if possible, between day 5 and 28, using the tube method without enhancement (major cross‐match, recipient controls); recipients were monitored for transfusion reactions.

Results

In 12/21 dogs a positive cross‐match (microscopic degree of agglutination [AD] 1+ to 2+) was observed within 4 days after the transfusion. In a nonlinear regression model, no significant association was detected between type of anemia (P = .41), RBC storage time (P = .44), immunosuppressive treatment (P = .75) nor transfusion volume (P = .70) and the occurrence of positive cross‐matches within 4 days after transfusion. Another 4 dogs developed a positive cross‐match (microscopic AD 1+ to 2+) after 6 to 13 days.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Because production of alloantibodies was detected as early as 1 day after transfusion, cross‐matching should be performed before every subsequent transfusion.
Molecular circumscription of the blackfly Simulium oyapockense from South America
Authors: Hamada Neusa , Andrade‐Souza Vanderly , De Paul Marcela , Nascimento Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante
Published: August 2022

Problems related to the identity of Simuliidae species are impediments to effective disease control in Amazonia. Some of these species, such as Simulium oyapockense Floch & Abonnenc, 1946 (Diptera: Simuliidae), are vectors of the organisms that cause onchocerciasis and mansonellosis diseases. This blackfly species has a wide distribution in South America, and it is suspected of being a complex of cryptic species. The aim of this study is to characterize the nominal species S. oyapockense using partial COI gene sequences. Seven populations of S. oyapockense (morphologically identified) were analysed, including one from its type‐locality. The other six populations were collected in Brazil and in Argentina. A taxon collected in Amazonas state, Brazil, with adults similar to S. oyapockense but with distinct pupae, was also included in the analysis (Simulium ‘S’). The nominal species S. oyapockense is circumscribed, and its geographical distribution is restricted to areas north of the Amazon River. Populations of S. oyapockense s.l. collected south of the Amazon River comprise a species complex that needs to be evaluated using integrative taxonomy. Simulium ‘S’ represents a species with unique morphological and molecular characteristics. Distinguishing cryptic species is a prerequisite for reducing the taxonomic impediment, especially in medically important taxa.
Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the midcingulate cortex and clozapine response in patients with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) study
Authors: Ueno Fumihiko , Nakajima Shinichiro , Iwata Yusuke , Honda Shiori , Torres‐Carmona Edgardo , Mar Wanna , Tsugawa Sakiko , Truong Peter , Plitman Eric , Noda Yoshihiro , Mimura Masaru , Sailasuta Napapon , Mikkelsen Mark , Edden Richard A.E. , De Luca Vincenzo , Remington Gary , Gerretsen Philip , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel
Published: August 2022

Background

Gamma‐Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. GABAergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Clozapine, the only approved drug for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS), involves the GABAergic system as one of its targets. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between brain GABA levels, as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), and clozapine response in patients with TRS.

Methods

This study enrolled patients with TRS who did not respond to clozapine (ultra‐resistant schizophrenia: URS) and who responded to clozapine (non‐URS), patients with schizophrenia who responded to first‐line antipsychotics (first‐line responders: FLR), and healthy controls (HCs). We measured GABA levels in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) using 3T1H‐MRS and compared these levels among the groups. The associations between GABA levels and symptom severity were also explored within the patient groups.

Results

A total of 98 participants (URS:n = 22; non‐URS:n = 25; FLR:n = 16; HCs:n = 35) completed the study. We found overall group differences in MCC GABA levels (F(3,86) = 3.25,P = 0.04). Specifically, patients with URS showed higher GABA levels compared to those with non‐URS (F(1,52) = 8.40,P = 0.03, Cohen'sd = 0.84). MCC GABA levels showed no associations with any of the symptom severity scores within each group or the entire patient group.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to report elevated GABA levels in the MCC in patients with schizophrenia resistant to clozapine treatment compared with those responsive to clozapine. Longitudinal studies are required to evaluate if GABA levels are a suitable biomarker to predict clozapine resistance.
The Influence of Interparental Conflict and Violence on Parenting and Parent–Child Relationships
Authors: Kopystynska Olena , Mueller Janina , Bradford Kay , Chandler Alexa B. , Foran Heather M. , Higginbotham Brian J.
Published: August 2022

This conceptual review summarizes two decades of research on conflict management behaviors and their implications for family functioning. We review the accumulated research on the impact of three common conflict resolution strategies – destructive interparental conflict, constructive interparental conflict, and intimate partner violence – on parenting and parent–child relationships, including child abuse. Our review is based on published peer‐reviewed articles that include families with minor children of various ethnic and racial compositions and diverse family forms. We also provide a brief overview of the literature covering correlates of specific conflict management behaviors and comment on the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of intervention programs that focus on improving family well‐being. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Current management of recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Chester Mark R , Tirlapur Anushka , Jayaprakasan Kanna
Published: August 2022

Key content

Referral criteria to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) services vary, owing in part to a lack of consensus on the definition of RPL.

Good quality evidence is limited, and controversies exist on recommendations for investigations and management of RPL.

People with RPL will most likely achieve a live birth in their next pregnancy but should have an individualised approach that identifies and corrects any modifiable risk factors and offers appropriate psychological support.

Learning objectives

To look at the variations in definition and aetiology of RPL and use current evidence available for recommendations towards investigations and management of RPL.

To be familiar with evidence‐based guidelines published by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the European Society of Human Reproduction, as well as recently published data, which will help to improve clinical outcome utilising the interventions with proven efficacy.

Ethical issues

Differences in referral criteria and the controversies around RPL mean there can be considerable variation in how these patients are managed between services.

The lack of good quality evidence can result in patients opting for management strategies with unproven efficacy.
Mutation of OsMYB60 reduces rice resilience to drought stress by attenuating cuticular wax biosynthesis
Authors: Jian Lei , Kang Kiyoon , Choi Yumin , Suh Mi Chung , Paek Nam‐Chon
Published: August 2022

The cuticular wax layer on leaf surfaces limits non‐stomatal water loss to the atmosphere and protects against pathogen invasion. Although many genes associated with wax biosynthesis and wax transport in plants have been identified, their regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the MYB transcription factor OsMYB60 positively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis and this helps rice (Oryza sativa) plants tolerate drought stress. Compared with the wild type (japonica cultivar ‘Dongjin’), osmyb60 null mutants (osmyb60‐1 and osmyb60‐2) exhibited increased drought sensitivity, with more chlorophyll leaching and higher rates of water loss. Quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR showed that the loss of function of OsMYB60 led to downregulation of wax biosynthesis genes, leading to reduced amounts of total wax components on leaf surfaces under normal conditions. Yeast one‐hybrid, luciferase transient transcriptional activity, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that OsMYB60 directly binds to the promoter of OsCER1 (a key gene involved in very‐long‐chain alkane biosynthesis) and upregulates its expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OsMYB60 enhances rice resilience to drought stress by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis on leaf surfaces.
Spatial patterns of Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia miyamotoi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum detected in Ixodes spp. ticks from Canadian companion animals, 2019–2020
Authors: Jacob Anna E. , Weese Jeffrey Scott , Rosseau Joyce , Clow Katie M.
Published: August 2022

Increasing temperatures due to climate change have contributed to a northward range expansion of Ixodes scapularis ticks in Canada. These ticks harbour pathogens of public and animal health significance, including Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause Lyme disease and anaplasmosis, respectively, in humans, dogs and horses, and Borrelia miyamotoi, which causes a flu‐like relapsing fever in humans. To address the risks associated with these vector‐borne zoonotic diseases, continuous tick surveillance is advised. This study examined spatial patterns of B. burgdorferi, B. miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum from ticks submitted through a national study on ticks of companion animals. From 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020, we received a total of 1541 eligible submissions from 94 veterinary clinics across Canada. Individual and pooled samples of a maximum of either 5 I. scapularis, I. pacificus or I. angustus samples from the same animal and of the same life stage were screened using real‐time PCR targeting genes 23S rRNA for Borrelia spp. and msp2 for A. phagocytophilum. Confirmatory testing was conducted on all 23S rRNA positive samples using a duplex assay for ospA and flaB to differentiate B. burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest (>20%) for B. burgdorferi in southwestern Manitoba, eastern Ontario, southwestern Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Estimates of B. miyamotoi and A. phagocytophilum were much lower (<5%), except for higher A. phagocytophilum (>5%) estimates for southern Manitoba, eastern Ontario and Prince Edward Island. Findings from this study, combined with other surveillance approaches, can be used to guide veterinary and public health approaches for ticks and tick‐borne diseases.
Adellijk en artistiek
Authors: Wiertz Wendy
Published: August 2022

In de 19de eeuw ging een negatief imago aan de amateurkunsten kleven. Ze raakten geassocieerd met de vrijetijdsbesteding van vrouwen, met huiselijkheid en met lage kwaliteit. Adellijk en artistiek verruimt dit enge perspectief. Het toont hoe amateurkunsten voor vrouwen een krachtig instrument waren om de eigen identiteit vorm te geven, om een plaats te verwerven in een sociaal-cultureel netwerk en om tastbare herinneringen na te laten. Dit rijk geïllustreerde boek zoekt het gezelschap van adellijke amateurkunstenaressen op. Deze vrouwen borduurden in het salon, leerden schilderen in het damesatelier en stelden tentoon tijdens liefdadigheidsbazaars. Documenten, objecten en verhalen uit vooral privéarchieven en -verzamelingen bieden een diepgaande blik op hun artistieke activiteiten. Ze laten een wisselwerking zien tussen de schone en toegepaste kunsten, tussen individuele en gemeenschappelijke betrokkenheid en tussen traditionele verwachtingen en persoonlijke ambities.
Multimodal imaging shows fibrosis architecture and action potential dispersion are predictors of arrhythmic risk in spontaneous hypertensive rats
Authors: Khwaounjoo Prashanna , Sands Gregory B. , LeGrice Ian J. , Ramulgun Girish , Ashton Jesse L. , Montgomery Johanna M. , Gillis Anne M. , Smaill Bruce H. , Trew Mark L.
Published: August 2022

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) increases risk of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). The roles of structural vs. electrophysiological remodelling and age vs. disease progression are not fully understood. This cross‐sectional study of cardiac alterations through HHD investigates mechanistic contributions to VT/VF risk. Risk was electrically assessed in Langendorff‐perfused, spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts at 6, 12 and 18 months, and paced optical membrane voltage maps were acquired from the left ventricular (LV) free wall epicardium. Distributions of LV patchy fibrosis and 3D cellular architecture in representative anterior LV mid‐wall regions were quantified from macroscopic and microscopic fluorescence images of optically cleared tissue. Imaging showed increased fibrosis from 6 months, particularly in the inner LV free wall. Myocyte cross‐section increased at 12 months, while inter‐myocyte connections reduced markedly with fibrosis. Conduction velocity decreased from 12 months, especially transverse to the myofibre direction, with rate‐dependent anisotropy at 12 and 18 months, but not earlier. Action potential duration (APD) increased when clustered by age, as did APD dispersion at 12 and 18 months. Among 10 structural, functional and age variables, the most reliably linked were VT/VF risk, general LV fibrosis, a measure quantifying patchy fibrosis, and non‐age clustered APD dispersion. VT/VF risk related to a quantified measure of patchy fibrosis, but age did not factor strongly. The findings are consistent with the notion that VT/VF risk is associated with rate‐dependent repolarization heterogeneity caused by structural remodelling and reduced lateral electrical coupling between LV myocytes, providing a substrate for heterogeneous intramural activation as HHD progresses.

image

Key points

There is heightened arrhythmic risk with progression of hypertensive heart disease.

Risk is related to increasing left ventricular fibrosis, but the nature of this relationship has not been quantified.

This study is a novel systematic characterization of changes in active electrical properties and fibrotic remodelling during progression of hypertensive heart disease in a well‐established animal disease model.

Arrhythmic risk is predicted by several left ventricular measures, in particular fibrosis quantity and structure, and epicardial action potential duration dispersion.

Age alone is not a good predictor of risk.

An improved understanding of links between arrhythmic risk and fibrotic architectures in progressive hypertensive heart disease aids better interpretation of late gadolinium‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and electrical mapping signals.
política del “tránsito” migratorio en América Latina
Authors: Iranzo Ángela
Published: August 2022

La migración es un tema político que, en el siglo XXI, está claramente incorporado en las agendas de gobiernos nacionales, organizaciones internacionales (OI), ONG y espacios de producción científica. Migrar, moverse de un lugar a otro, es una práctica que revela complejas asimetrías de poder (ej., desigualdad, reconocimiento, agencia, seguridad e incluso vida/muerte); por tanto, es una cuestión ineludible para las agendas de investigación de la Ciencia Política y las Relaciones Internacionales.
Some interactions between Hopf Galois extensions and noncommutative rings
Authors: Reyes Armando , Calderón Fabio
Published: August 2022

In this paper, our objects of interest are Hopf Galois extensions (e.g., Hopf algebras, Galois field extensions, strongly graded algebras, crossed products, principal bundles, etc.) and families of noncommutative rings (e.g., skew polynomial rings, PBW extensions and skew PBW extensions, etc.) We collect and systematize questions, problems, properties and recent advances in both theories by explicitly developing examples and doing calculations that are usually omitted in the literature. In particular, for Hopf Galois extensions we consider approaches from the point of view of quantum torsors (also known as quantum heaps) and Hopf Galois systems, while for some families of noncommutative rings we present advances in the characterization of ring-theoretic and homological properties. Every developed topic is exemplified with abundant references to classic and current works, so this paper serves as a survey for those interested in either of the two theories. Throughout, interactions between both are presented.
Bases biológicas del mindfulness y su aplicación en la práctica clínica
Authors: Michelsen Gómez Silvana , Peñaloza Parra Maylin Johanna , Badoui Rodríguez Nora , Alba Talero Luz Helena
Published: August 2022

El mindfulness, una de las terapias denominadas mente-cuerpo, se define como la capacidad de trasladar la atención al momento presente. Dicha terapia fue formalizada por el Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn en 1982 para su aplicación en la práctica clínica y se ha implementado en el manejo de diversas patologías. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar los principales mecanismos biológicos a través–– de los cuales el mindfulness actúa, para así comprender sus beneficios en la salud física y mental. Se incluyeron 38 artículos (catorce experimentos clínicos, veintidós revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis y dos guías de práctica clínica) que identifican los mecanismos neuronales, cardiovasculares, inmunológicos y hormonales del mindfulness. Entre los hallazgos principales se encuentran cambios cerebrales asociados con el procesamiento de información nociceptiva, reducción en cifras de presión arterial, mejoría en la perfusión miocárdica, regulación autonómica cardiovascular, disminución de las citocinas proinflamatorias y disminución del cortisol. Estos mecanismos se correlacionan con los hallazgos de la literatura, según los cuales se han reportado beneficios en el tratamiento de trastornos del afecto, condiciones que producen dolor crónico, entidades asociadas con estados inflamatorios y enfermedades cardiovasculares como la hipertensión arterial. Se considera una alternativa terapéutica segura, dada la baja frecuencia de efectos adversos reportados.
Neumomediastino espontáneo. Presentación de caso
Authors: Rodriguez Prada Catalina , Parra Córdoba José Fernando , Cusba Infante Álvaro Iván
Published: August 2022

El neumomediastino se define como la presencia de aire en el mediastino, puede ocurrir de manera espontánea en individuos sanos sin desencadenantes, en cuyo caso la condición se denomina neumomediastino espontáneo. El diagnóstico se puede confirmar mediante radiografía de tórax o tomografía computarizada de tórax, y en algunos casos puede ser difícil de manejar debido a la ausencia de pautas claras de diagnóstico y manejo, es una entidad clínica poco frecuente, sin embargo, los médicos de urgencias deben considerar diagnósticos diferenciales que, de no tomarse en cuenta, pueden resultar fatales para nuestros pacientes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 17 años con neumomediastino espontáneo (síndrome de Hamman) que acudió al servicio de urgencias de nuestro hospital por enfisema cervical subcutáneo, se le realizó un tratamiento conservador, tras 24 horas de observación fue dado de alta.
Kramers–Kronig relations for nonlinear rheology. Part II: Validation of medium amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) measurements
Authors: Shanbhag Sachin , Joshi Yogesh M.
Published: August 2022

The frequency dependence of third-harmonic medium amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) modulus G33∗(ω) provides insight into material behavior and microstructure in the asymptotically nonlinear regime. Motivated by the difficulty in the measurement of MAOS moduli, we propose a test for data validation based on nonlinear Kramers–Kronig relations. We extend the approach used to assess the consistency of linear viscoelastic data by expressing the real and imaginary parts of G33∗(ω) as a linear combination of Maxwell elements: the functional form for the MAOS kernels is inspired by time-strain separability (TSS). We propose a statistical test based on fitting a sum of Maxwell elements using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression, and call it the SMEL test. It works well on a broad range of materials and models including those that do not obey TSS. It successfully copes with experimental data that are noisy or confined to a limited frequency range. When Maxwell modes obtained from the SMEL test are used to predict the first-harmonic MAOS modulus G31∗, it is possible to identify the range of time scales over which a material exhibits TSS.
Ballistic dynamics of flexural thermal movements in a nanomembrane revealed with subatomic resolution
Authors: Liu Tongjun , Ou Jun-Yu , Papasimakis Nikitas , MacDonald Kevin F. , Gusev Vitalyi E. , Zheludev Nikolay I.
Published: August 2022

Flexural oscillations of freestanding films, nanomembranes, and nanowires are attracting growing attention for their importance to the fundamental physical and optical properties and device applications of two-dimensional and nanostructured (meta)materials. Here, we report on the observation of short–time scale ballistic motion in the flexural mode of a nanomembrane cantilever, driven by thermal fluctuation of flexural phonons, including measurements of ballistic velocities and displacements performed with subatomic resolution, using a free electron edge-scattering technique. Within intervals <10 μs, the membrane moves ballistically at a constant velocity, typically ~300 μm/s, while Brownian-like dynamics emerge for longer observation periods. Access to the ballistic regime provides verification of the equipartition theorem and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics for flexural modes and can be used in fast thermometry and mass sensing during atomic absorption/desorption processes on the membrane.
Abiotic molecular oxygen production—Ionic pathway from sulfur dioxide
Authors: Wallner Måns , Jarraya Mahmoud , Olsson Emelie , Ideböhn Veronica , Squibb Richard J. , Ben Yaghlane Saida , Nyman Gunnar , Eland John H.D. , Feifel Raimund , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: August 2022

Molecular oxygen, O
2
, is vital to life on Earth and possibly also on exoplanets. Although the biogenic processes leading to its accumulation in Earth’s atmosphere are well understood, its abiotic origin is still not fully established. Here, we report combined experimental and theoretical evidence for electronic state–selective production of O
2
from SO
2
, a chemical constituent of many planetary atmospheres and one that played an important part on Earth in the Great Oxidation Event. The O
2
production involves dissociative double ionization of SO
2
leading to efficient formation of the

O
2
+

ion, which can be converted to abiotic O
2
by electron neutralization or by charge exchange. This formation process may contribute substantially to the abundance of O
2
and related ions in planetary atmospheres, such as the Jovian moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede. We suggest that this sort of ionic pathway for the formation of abiotic O
2
involving multiply charged molecular ion decomposition may also exist for other atmospheric and planetary molecules.
TCR-engineered iNKT cells induce robust antitumor response by dual targeting cancer and suppressive myeloid cells
Authors: Delfanti Gloria , Cortesi Filippo , Perini Alessandra , Antonini Gaia , Azzimonti Laura , de Lalla Claudia , Garavaglia Claudio , Squadrito Mario L. , Fedeli Maya , Consonni Michela , Sesana Silvia , Re Francesca , Shen Haifa , Dellabona Paolo , Casorati Giulia
Published: August 2022

Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells engineered with tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) holds promise for cancer treatment. However, suppressive cues generated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can hinder the efficacy of these therapies, prompting the search for strategies to overcome these detrimental conditions and improve cellular therapeutic approaches. CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells actively participate in tumor immunosurveillance by restricting suppressive myeloid populations in the TME. Here, we showed that harnessing iNKT cells with a second TCR specific for a tumor-associated peptide generated bispecific effectors for CD1d- and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–restricted antigens in vitro. Upon in vivo transfer, TCR-engineered iNKT (TCR-iNKT) cells showed the highest efficacy in restraining the progression of multiple tumors that expressed the cognate antigen compared with nontransduced iNKT cells or CD8
+
T cells engineered with the same TCR. TCR-iNKT cells achieved robust cancer control by simultaneously modulating intratumoral suppressive myeloid populations and killing malignant cells. This dual antitumor function was further enhanced when the iNKT cell agonist α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) was administered as a therapeutic booster through a platform that ensured controlled delivery at the tumor site, named multistage vector (MSV). These preclinical results support the combination of tumor-redirected TCR-iNKT cells and local α-GalCer boosting as a potential therapy for patients with cancer.
Tephrochronology of the Miocene Monterey and Modelo Formations, California
Authors: Knott Jeffrey R. , Sarna-Wojcicki Andrei M. , Barron John A. , Wan Elmira , Heizler Lynn , Martinez Priscilla
Published: August 2022

Tuff beds (volcanic ash beds and tuffs) have been known in the Miocene Monterey and Modelo Formations since they were initially described nearly 100 yr ago. Yet, these tephra layers have remained largely ignored. The ages and correlation of the Monterey and Modelo Formations are predominantly based on associated biostratigraphy. Here, we combined tephrochronology and biostratigraphy to provide more precise numerical age control for eight sedimentary sequences of the Monterey and Modelo Formations from Monterey County to Orange County in California. We correlated 38 tephra beds in the Monterey and Modelo Formations to 26 different dated tephra layers found mainly in nonmarine sequences in Nevada, Idaho, and New Mexico. We also present geochemical data for an additional 19 tephra layers in the Monterey and Modelo Formations, for which there are no known correlative tephra layers, and geochemical data for another 11 previously uncharacterized tephra layers in other areas of western North America. Correlated tephra layers range in age from 16 to 7 Ma; 31 tephra layers erupted from volcanic centers of the Snake River Plain, northern Nevada to eastern Idaho; 13 other tephra layers erupted from the Southern Nevada volcanic field; and the eruptive source is unknown for 12 other tephra layers. These tephra layers provide new time-stratigraphic markers for the Monterey and Modelo Formations and for other marine and nonmarine sequences in western North America. We identified tephra deposits of four supereruptions as much as 1200 km from the eruptive sources: Rainier Mesa (Southern Nevada volcanic field) and Cougar Point Tuff XI, Cougar Point Tuff XIII, and McMullen Creek (all Snake River Plain).
Obesity-related glomerulopathy in the presence of APOL1 risk alleles
Authors: Valdez Imbert Ronald , Hti Lar Seng Nang San , Stokes Michael B , Jim Belinda
Published: August 2022

Nephropathic apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk alleles (G1/G2) have been associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, HIV-associated nephropathy, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated collapsing glomerulopathy and other glomerulonephritides. These alleles confer protection fromTrypanosoma bruceiinfections which are enriched in sub-Saharan African populations. We present a young woman with obesity, hypertension, subnephrotic range proteinuria who was found to have obesity-related glomerulopathy on kidney biopsy while harbouring two high-risk APOL1 alleles (G1/G2). Given the potential effects on lipid metabolism and their association with obesity, the presence of APOL1 risk alleles may impact cardiovascular health in addition to renal disease in these patients.
Concurrent growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma and Rathke’s cleft cyst
Authors: Alkundi Alamin , Momoh Rabiu , Nash Marcus
Published: August 2022

A case report describing a finding of concurrent growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma and a radiologic evidence of Rathke’s cleft cyst(RCC) in a middle-aged female is presented. We reviewed the literature and discussed management perspectives for this uncommon finding.
Gastric volvulus suspected by POCUS finding in the emergency department
Authors: Kitai Yuya , Sato Ryota , Inoue Tetsuya
Published: August 2022

We described a case of a man in his 90s with gastric volvulus of which point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) contributed to a rapid diagnosis. The patient had Borchardt’s triad and POCUS showed a distended and fluid-filled stomach, which allowed us to strongly suspect gastric volvulus even prior to the abdominal CT scan. Gastric volvulus is a rare but life-threatening condition that may lead to tissue ischaemia and perforation. Therefore, a prompt diagnosis is extremely important. This case suggests that POCUS can be a powerful tool when clinicians suspect gastric volvulus.
Mechanical thrombectomy in ischemic stroke after cardiovascular procedures: a propensity-matched cohort analysis
Authors: Bay Benjamin , Gloyer Nils-Ole , Remmel Marko , Schell Maximilian , Zelenak Kamil , Seiffert Moritz , Brunner Fabian J , Clemmensen Peter , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Thomalla Goetz , Fiehler Jens , Conradi Lenard , Waldeyer Christoph , Flottmann Fabian
Published: August 2022

Background

Stroke after a cardiovascular procedure (CVP) is a devastating complication adversely affecting outcome. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has not been investigated systematically in this population.

Objective

To carry out a retrospective study in patients undergoing MT for early stroke after CVP, aiming to further characterize this cohort of patients, and to evaluate the efficacy, safety, procedural characteristics, and outcome of MT.

Methods

A single-center stroke registry of patients who received MT was analyzed. Baseline and procedural parameters, mortality, functional outcome, recanalization rates, and complications were evaluated. Propensity score matching was carried out, identifying a control cohort with non-periprocedural large vessel occlusion (LVO).

Results

Overall 913 patients were included (mean age 73.0 (±13.0) years, 52.5% female, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 15 (10–19)). Eleven patients with a LVO after a recent (<30 days postoperatively) CVP were identified (n=3 transcatheter aortic valve and n=1 surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR), n=3 coronary bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries, n=2 SAVR+CABG, and n=2 aortic surgeries). After matching, 8 patients in the CVP group were compared with 16 patients in the matched cohort. Comparable rates of reperfusion were achieved. Time from symptom onset to groin puncture (171.5 min (136.3, 178.3) vs 284.0 min (215.0, 490.5); p=0.039), as well as recanalization (195.0 min (146.0, 201.0) vs 419.0 min (274.0, 613.0); p=0.028) was faster in the CVP group. However, this was not reflected by an improved outcome (modified Rankin Scale score after 90 days: 5.5 (3.3, 6.0) vs 5.0 (4.0, 6.0), mortality after 90 days 50.0% vs 37.5%). Complications did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Use of MT for LVO stroke in patients after a recent CVP is a safe and efficient treatment in comparison with patients with a non-periprocedural LVO undergoing MT.
Stimulation holiday rescues analgesia after habituation and loss of efficacy from 10-kilohertz dorsal column spinal cord stimulation
Authors: D'Souza Ryan S , Her Yeng F
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Habituation and loss of efficacy from spinal cord stimulation are commonly reported. This retrospective analysis investigated rescue of analgesia from spinal cord stimulation failure after implementing a strategy called a stimulation holiday, during which spinal cord stimulation is interrupted for a defined period and subsequently restarted.

Methods

A 6-year review (June 1, 2016–May 13, 2022) from a tertiary care center was conducted on patients who underwent 10 kHz frequency dorsal column spinal cord stimulation for ≥3 months, experienced loss of efficacy (≤30% pain relief or patient self-report of lack of meaningful pain relief), subsequently underwent a stimulation holiday, and then restarted spinal cord stimulation. The primary outcome was comparison of pain relief and responder rate (≥50% relief in pain intensity) before and after stimulation holiday.

Results

Of 212 patients, 40 (18.9%) experienced loss of efficacy at a mean follow-up period of 452.7±326.4 days after stimulator implantation and underwent stimulation holiday. Pain relief was significantly higher 1 month after stimulation holiday (39.4%±28.6%) compared with before stimulation holiday (8.7%±13.0%; mean difference 30.6%, 95% CI 21.9% to 39.3%, paired t-test p<0.001). A significantly higher responder rate (≥50% relief in pain intensity) was identified after stimulation holiday (57.5%) compared with before stimulation holiday (0%; Fisher’s exact test p<0.001). Associations of superior pain relief and responder rate remained significant at 3 and 6 months after stimulation holiday.

Discussion

Patients who experience loss of efficacy from spinal cord stimulation habituation could attempt a stimulation holiday rather than abandon therapy. Rescue of analgesia may be achieved after implementing a stimulation holiday and restarting spinal cord stimulation.