bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressure induced semiconductor to metal phase transition in cubic CsSnBr3 perovskite
Authors: Hossain Md. Sajib , Haque Babu Md. Majibul , Saha Tusar , Hossain Md. Sazzad , Podder Jiban , Rana Md. Shohel , Barik Abdul , Rani Protima
Published: May 2021

Phase transitions in metal halide perovskites triggered by external provocations produce significantly different material properties, providing a prodigious opportunity for comprehensive applications. In the present study, the first principles calculation has been performed with the help of density functional theory using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package code to investigate the physical properties of lead-free CsSnBr3 metal halides under various hydrostatic pressures. The effect of pressure is determined in the range of 0–28 GPa by the generalized gradient approximation and Becke, three-parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr functions. Subsequently, a significant change is observed in the lattice constant and volume with increasing pressure. The electronic band structure shows a semiconductor to metal phase transition under elevated pressure. The investigation of optical functions shows that the absorption edge of the CsSnBr3 perovskite is shifted remarkably toward the low energy region (red shift) with improved pressure up to 16 GPa. In addition, the absorptivity and dielectric constant also upsurge with the applied hydrostatic pressure. Finally, the mechanical properties reveal the fact that the CsSnBr3 perovskite is mechanically stable and highly ductile; the ductility is increased with increasing pressure. This type of semiconductor to metal phase transition may inspire a wide range of potential applications.
Local vs global approaches to treat two equivalent methyl internal rotations and 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole
Authors: Nguyen Thuy , Stahl Wolfgang , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Kleiner Isabelle
Published: May 2021

The microwave spectrum of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole was recorded using a molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer operating in the frequency range from 2 to 26.5 GHz. Only one stable conformer was observed as expected and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations carried out to complement the experimental analysis. The two equivalent methyl groups cause each rotational transition to split into four torsional species, which is combined with the quadrupole hyperfine splittings in the same order of magnitude arising from the 14N nucleus. This results in a complicated spectrum feature. The spectral assignment was done separately for each torsional species. Two global fits were carried out using the XIAM code and the BELGI-C2v-2Tops-hyperfine code, a modified version of the BELGI-C2v-2Tops code, giving satisfactory root-mean-square deviations. The potential barriers to internal rotation of the two methyl groups were determined to be V3 = 317.208(16) cm−1. The molecular parameters were obtained with high accuracy, providing all necessary ground state information for further investigations in higher frequency ranges and on excited torsional-vibrational states.
A molecular field approach to pressure-induced phase transitions in liquid crystals: Smectic–nematic transition
Authors: Shabnam Sabana , DasGupta Sudeshna , Ghoshal Nababrata , DasGupta Ananda , Roy Soumen Kumar
Published: May 2021

Since a rigorous microscopic treatment of a nematic fluid system based on a pairwise interaction potential is immensely complex, we had introduced a simple mean field potential, which was a modification of the Maier–Saupe potential in a previous paper [S. DasGupta et al., “Pressure-induced phase transitions in liquid crystals: A molecular field approach,” Phys. Rev. E 98, 022701 (2018)]. Building upon that, here we have modified that potential to take into account the various aspects of a smectic A–nematic phase transition. In particular, we have studied the dependence of the phase transition on the coupling coefficient between the nematic and smectic order parameters, which in turn depends on the length of alkyl chain, variation of density, entropy, and specific heat. Detailed investigation on the coupling parameter shows the existence of a smectic A–nematic–isotropic triple point as well as a tricritical point where the smectic–nematic phase transition changes its nature from the second to the first order. It is also seen that the application of pressure can result in the appearance of a nematic phase.
Unconventional high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor PbPd1−x−yFeyLixO2
Authors: He Yangchen , Sato Daiki , Misawa Kazuki , Nishihara Daiki , Kimura Akinori , Nakano Akitoshi , Taniguchi Hiroki , Terasaki Ichiro
Published: May 2021

We have prepared a set of polycrystalline samples of PbPd1−x−yFeyLixO2 (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04; y=0, 0.02, and 0.05) and have measured synchrotron x-ray diffraction and magnetization systematically. We have found high-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe- and Li-substituted samples and the largest magnetic moment of 0.023 μB per formula unit in PbPd0.93Fe0.05Li0.02O2. The ferromagnetism survives at 700 K, and the Curie temperature will be far above 800 K. Although similar but controversial high-temperature ferromagnets have been reported in many thin-film samples thus far, the discovered ferromagnetism is macroscopic in the sense that bulk samples stick to a permanent magnet at room temperature. The Fe and Li dependence of the ferromagnetism is complicated, implying that the ferromagnetism is truly unconventional.
AmAZed!
Authors: Wild Andrea
Published: May 2021

Prepare to be AmAZed! on this wild ride through Australia’s biodiversity from A to Z!

Go on an amazing scientific journey through 100 topics inspired by the specimens and stories from CSIRO’s National Research Collections Australia. This book is filled with fabulous facts about plants, animals, microbes and the scientists who study them.

Find out how new species get their names and discover an orchid that grows underground, identify a fly that looks like a bee, and explore strange fish that live in the deep sea.

AmAZed! CSIRO’s A to Z of Biodiversity covers Australia’s natural wonders and impressive discoveries for each letter of the alphabet, accompanied by engaging photos and illustrations. Get ready to encounter the Lost Shark, the phenomena of sea sparkle and zombie worms!
Technical feasibility of using suboptimal irrigation in maize cropping
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Cristina Martins , Andrade Camilo de Lelis Teixeira de , Borges Júnior João Carlos Ferreira , Simeão Rosangela Maria , Silva Ana Paula Coelho Madeira
Published: May 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main cereal crops grown around the world and is widely used as food, feed and raw material in various industries. However, the crop is sensitive to weather conditions, and this causes large variations in yield between crop seasons. Suboptimal irrigation can be used to secure reasonable yields with increased water productivity. For maize grown offseason in the Cerrado biome of Brazil, there is little knowledge about the benefits of suboptimal irrigation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation amounts and two Brachiaria cultivars intercropped with maize on maize grain yield, biomass production for silage and water productivity in the second crop season. The study was conducted at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo Experimental Station, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil, in 2018 and 2019. Six irrigation levels were obtained by using a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. The irrigation levels used ranged from 94% to 11% of the cumulative reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in 2018, and from 90% to 34% of ET0 in 2019. Suboptimal irrigation above a certain level did not cause a significant decrease in silage biomass (59% and 71% of the ET0, in 2018 and 2019, respectively) and grain productivity (48% and 60% of the ET0, in 2018 and 2019, respectively). Additionally, there was an increase in crop water productivity and irrigation water productivity, for biomass of both silage and grains. The results demonstrate the potential of suboptimal irrigation as a strategy to reduce water resource usage while maintaining acceptable productivity levels.
The Widened Pipe Model of plant hydraulic evolution
Authors: Koçillari Loren , Olson Mark E. , Suweis Samir , Rocha Rodrigo P. , Lovison Alberto , Cardin Franco , Dawson Todd E. , Echeverría Alberto , Fajardo Alex , Lechthaler Silvia , Martínez-Pérez Cecilia , Marcati Carmen Regina , Chung Kuo-Fang , Rosell Julieta A. , Segovia-Rivas Alí , Williams Cameron B. , Petrone-Mendoza Emilio , Rinaldo Andrea , Anfodillo Tommaso , Banavar Jayanth R. , Maritan Amos
Published: May 2021

Significance

For most of its path through plant bodies, water moves in conduits in the wood. Plant water conduction is crucial for Earth’s biogeochemical cycles, making it important to understand how natural selection shapes conduit diameters along the entire lengths of plant stems. Can mathematical modeling and global sampling explain how wood conduits ought to widen from the tip of a plant to its trunk base? This question is evolutionarily important because xylem conduits should widen in a way that keeps water supply constant to the leaves as a plant grows taller. Moreover, selection should act on economy of construction costs of the conducting system. This issue is ecologically important because it helps suggest why climate change alters vegetation height worldwide.
Sporisorium pulverulentum (Sporisorium smut of wild Saccharum).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: May 2021

There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which has a limited geographic distribution. As hosts exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.
The influence of exercise training volume alterations on the gut microbiome in highly‐trained middle‐distance runners
Authors: Craven Jonathan , Cox Amanda J. , Bellinger Phillip , Desbrow Ben , Irwin Christopher , Buchan Jena , McCartney Danielle , Sabapathy Surendran
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of training volume alterations on diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in a free‐living cohort of middle‐distance runners. Fourteen highly‐trained middle‐distance runners (n = 8 men; O2peak = 70.1 ± 4.3 ml·kg·min−1; n = 6 women, O2peak: 59.0 ± 3.2 ml·kg·min−1) completed three weeks of normal training (NormTr), three weeks of high‐volume training (HVolTr; a 10, 20 and 30% increase in training volume during each successive week from NormTr), and a one‐week taper (TaperTr; 55% exponential reduction in training volume from HVolTr week three). Faecal samples were collected before and immediately after each training phase to quantify alpha‐diversity and composition of the gut microbiome. A three‐day diet record was collected during each training phase and a maximal incremental running test was completed after each training phase. Results showed no significant changes in nutritional intake, alpha‐diversity, or global microbial composition following HVolTr or TaperTr compared to NormTr (p’s > 0.05). Following HVolTr, there was a significant decrease in Pasterellaceae (p = 0.03), Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.02), Haemophilus (p = 0.03), S. parasagunis (p = 0.02), and H. parainfluenzae (p = 0.03), while R. callidus (p = 0.03) significantly increased. These changes did not return to NormTr levels following TaperTr. This study shows that the alpha‐diversity and global composition of the gut microbiome were unaffected by changes in training volume. However, an increase in training volume led to several changes at the lower taxonomy levels that did not return to pre‐HVolTr levels following a taper period.
Multilevel atomic Ramsey interferometry for precise parameter estimations*
Authors: Feng X N , Wei L F
Published: May 2021

Multi-path (or multi-mode) entanglement has been proved to be a useful resource for sub-shot-noise sensitivity of phase estimation, which has aroused much research interest inquantum metrology recently. Various schemes of multi-path interferometers based on optical systems have been put forward. Here, we study a multi-state interferometer with multi-level atoms by projective measurements. Specifically, we investigate its ultimate sensitivity described by quantum Fisher information theory and find that the Cramer–Rao bound can be achieved. In particular, we investigate a specific scheme to improve the sensitivityof magnetometery with a three-state interferometry delivered by a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center of diamond with tailor pulses. The impacts of imperfections of the atomic beam-splitter, described by the three-level quantum Fourier transform, on the sensitivity of phase estimation is also discussed.
Consistent Riccati expansion solvability, symmetries, and analytic solutions of a forced variable-coefficient extended Korteveg–de Vries equation in fluid dynamics of internal solitary waves*
Authors: Liu Ping , Huang Bing , Ren Bo , Yang Jian-Rong
Published: May 2021

We study a forced variable-coefficient extended Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation in fluid dynamics with respect to internal solitary wave. Bäcklund transformations of the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation are demonstrated with the help of truncated Painlevé expansion. When the variable coefficients are time-periodic, the wave function evolves periodically over time. Symmetry calculation shows that the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation is invariant under the Galilean transformations and the scaling transformations. One-parameter group transformations and one-parameter subgroup invariant solutions are presented. Cnoidal wave solutions and solitary wave solutions of the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation are obtained by means of function expansion method. The consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) solvability of the forced variable-coefficient extended KdV equation is proved by means of CRE. Interaction phenomenon between cnoidal waves and solitary waves can be observed. Besides, the interaction waveform changes with the parameters. When the variable parameters are functions of time, the interaction waveform will be not regular and smooth.
Phosphorus-only fertilization rapidly initiates large nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria blooms in two oligotrophic lakes
Authors: Molot Lewis A , Higgins Scott N , Schiff Sherry L , Venkiteswaran Jason J , Paterson Michael J , Baulch Helen M
Published: May 2021

Two small, oligotrophic lakes at the IISD-Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada were fertilized weekly with only phosphorus (P) in the summer and early fall of 2019. The P fertilization rates were high enough (13.3 µg l−1 added weekly) to produce dense, month-long blooms of N2-fixing Dolichospermum species in both lakes within 9–12 weeks after fertilization began, turning them visibly green without the addition of nitrogen. P-only fertilization increased average seasonal chlorophyll a concentrations and cyanobacteria biomass well above the pre-fertilization levels of 2017 and 2018. Nitrogen (N) content in the epilimnion of thermally stratified Lake 304 and the water column of shallow Lake 303 doubled and P storage in the water column temporarily increased during the blooms. These whole-lake fertilization experiments demonstrate that large cyanobacteria blooms can develop rapidly under high P loading without anthropogenic N inputs, suggesting that aggressive N control programs are unlikely to prevent bloom formation and that P controls should remain the cornerstone for cyanobacteria management.
Global patterns and potential drivers of human settlements within protected areas
Authors: Guan Zhuoli , Elleason Moses , Goodale Eben , Mammides Christos
Published: May 2021

Protected areas (PAs) represent one of our most important conservation strategies for halting biodiversity loss. The number of PAs has increased remarkably over the last few decades. Yet, biodiversity is still being lost at alarming rates, even within many of those PAs. Understanding the factors that influence the levels of human pressure within PAs remains a key objective. In this study, we examined the factors associated with the human settlements’ levels within the world’s PAs. Using the random forests technique, an ensemble machine learning method, and a vast number of PAs (81 100–137 523), we assessed the importance of nine factors, including the PAs’ management objective as reflected by their International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Category. The IUCN classifies PAs into six categories ranging from strict nature reserves to areas in which multiple human uses are permitted. The prevalent but untested assumption is that human settlements’ levels within PAs vary according to their management objective, with less strict PAs having higher levels. Our results, however, show that the differences between the categories were for the most part minor. The most important predictor of human settlements was accessibility measured as the time required to reach the PA from the nearest major city. These findings were consistent across all of the world’s subregions. Other less important factors included the extent of croplands within PAs, elevation, and slope. Our findings suggest that PAs nearer urban centers tend to have higher human settlements’ levels regardless of their other characteristics, such as management objective and year of establishment. Managing those PAs successfully will be necessary to achieve the post-2020 global biodiversity targets and will require conservation strategies that acknowledge and engage the local communities.
Virulence of Steinernema spp. an entomopathogenic nematodes Indonesia isolates against larvae of white grub Lepidiota stigma F (Coleoptera: Scarabaediae) in the laboratory condition
Authors: Purnomo H , Haryadi N T , Hoesain M , Zahro’in E , Nuryatiningsih
Published: May 2021

Lepidiota stigma (F) (Coleoptera; Scarabaeidae) is the key pest in sugarcane plantation caused devastated damaged on roots. The objectives of this research are to determine virulence of Steinernema sp, an entomopathogenic nematodes to larvae of L. stigma in laboratory. The Experiment was conducted in the laboratory, Agrotechnolofy Department University of Jember. Filter paper and sand method was used to determined the effective concentration of entomopathogenic nematodes againts larva of white grub.The result showed that all entomopathogenic nematodes able to kill larvae of white grub L. stigma at all level concentration and soil depth. The result also convinced that Steinernema sp. origin from Kediri was more virulence compared with the other isolates.
The effect of application times and temperatures of hydro-precooling on the respiration rate of cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘bird’s eye’)
Authors: Koibur M K , Bintoro N
Published: May 2021

Hydro-precooling is known as one of the methods to preserve quality during the storage period of agricultural products. Punctuality of the application and temperature of precooling water has a pronounced effect of the respiration rate of agricultural products. This research was intended to study the effect of application times and temperatures of the hydro-precooling process on the respiration rate of cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘Bird’s Eye’) during the storage period. Three different application times, just at harvesting, 12, and 24 hours after harvesting, and three water temperatures of 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C were studied in a completely randomized design with three replications. Chili samples were hydro-precooled by immersion method then loaded in the respirometer and stored in cold storage at the same temperature as precooled water temperatures. Oxygen and carbon dioxide changes were monitored using O2 and CO2 Gas Analyzer (Quantek 902D) every day for 21 days of storage period. It was found that storage time, precooling application time, water temperature, and their interaction significantly influenced the respiration rate of the samples. However, the respiratory quotient was only influenced by storage time and precooled product temperature (p<0.05). The treatment combination of precooling application just at harvesting and precooling temperature of 10°C resulted in the lowest respiration rate.
Development of controlled drip irrigation with lock time system
Authors: Jamaluddin  , Syam H , Rizal M , Rauf R F , Rivai A A
Published: May 2021

The utilization of controlled systems in drip irrigation can increase land productivity and can minimize water usage in the dry season. This irrigation system can reduce water loss and can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural activity. The purposes of this study were to develop and to analyze the ability of controlled drip irrigation with lock time system for watering crops on time and according to the needs. The research method of this study was research and development (R & D) method, starting from designing a control system, prototyping, functional testing, field testing, and data analysis. Based on the test results, the controlled drip irrigation system that had been developed had high time accuracy, with an error percentage of 0.9%. The response of the solenoid valve function had high sensitivity, with an R2 value of 0.99%. This system had high spray consistency with an average spraying error rate of 1.3 ml per emitter. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the controlled drip irrigation device with a lock time system that had been developed can function properly and is suitable for watering crops on time and according to crop needs.
Decomposition rate of pineapple peel waste byearthworms (Lumbricus rubellus, Hoff.) at different doses and water content
Authors: Subchan W , Winarso S , Indriyanti E
Published: May 2021

Earthworms can be used as an indicator of fertility or soil quality. Its ability to decompose organic waste is very high. On the other hand, the organic waste generated by various human activities is enormous and continuous, including vegetable and fruit waste. In particular, pineapple peel waste which is a tropical fruit in traditional markets continues to be abundant and often becomes an environmental problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of decomposition of pineapple peel waste by earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus, Hoff) based on different doses and water content. The research was conducted at the Biological Conservation Laboratory, University of Jember. Pineapple peel waste was taken from traditional markets in the city of Jember. Combination treatment between pineapple peel waste water content (dry and fresh) and addition of pineapple peel waste per week as much as 140 g / week and 280 g / week. The soil medium used was 1500 g and inoculated earthworms with biomass 20 (± 0.53) grams at the beginning of the treatment. The evaluation of decomposition rate was based on soil organic C content and was evaluated weekly for 5 weeks.The results showed that the dried pineapple peel waste obtained a faster decomposition rate than the wet condition (fresh). The highest average speed in the treatment of pineapple peel waste with drying and weekly additions of 140 g / week was 86.76% per week and the lowest was in the combination treatment of wet pineapple waste (fresh) and weekly addition of 28 g / week of 63.17% per week. The decomposition rate at the beginning of incubation or the highest first week was followed by a decrease in speed based on the time of incubation.
The effect of lime of dolomite and NPK fertilizers on the response of growth, yield and protein content on black soybean (Glycine soja L.Merr) in acid soils
Authors: Soeparjono S , Kadiyasari I F
Published: May 2021

The development of cultivation from plant black soybeans (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) in the acid soils can be an alternative to increase the yield of black soybean plants. However, the utilization of acid soils is plagued by soil pH value, high content of Al, Mn, and Fe as well as low availability of macro elements N (nitrogen), P (phospor), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), and Mg (magnesium). This study aims to determine the effect of dose of lime dolomite and NPK fertilizers on the response of growth, yield, and protein content of plant black soybeans on acid soils. This research used Complete Random Design (CRD) consist of 2 factors, each factor consists of 4 levels. The dose of lime dolomite 4,5 tons/ha was able to produce the highest total dissolved protein content amounted 4,30%, while giving the lime of dolomite and NPK fertilizers showed significant results in plant’s height, weight of fresh pods, weight of seeds/plant, number of seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds, dry weight of stover, and dry weight of roots.
Study on production of several soybean varieties with corn intercropping system on dry land in East Lampung, Lampung Province
Authors: Slameto  , Meidaliyantisyah  , Irawati A , Wibawa W
Published: May 2021

Soybean is a commodity which is less desirable for farmers to be planted yet it has an increasing high demand for processed food products made from soybean (tofu, tempeh, soy sauce, soy milk, etc.). As a strategic commodity,innovations are needed to provide solutions in order to maintain soybean production, especially in dry land. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of production of several soybean varieties grown using the intercropping system (turiman) with corn on suboptimal dry land. The study was conducted in East Lampung during the 2nd planting season from December 2019 to March 2020. The soybean varieties planted are Dena, Devon, Anjasmoro, and the local one (Tanggamus). The varieties of corn planted are the local existing one. The intercropping system used a corn-soybean pattern of 2 rows of corn and 7 rows of soybeans (Jale 2-7). The corn planted with zigzag pattern. The land area used for intercropping crops is 1 ha. The results showed that the intercropping system between soybeans and corn provided optimal soybean and corn production. The average soybean production was 1.548 kg/ha. The highest soybean production was the Devon variety (2,141 kg/ha) intercropping with corn (BS-18). Meanwhile, the Anjasmoro variety yielded 1.249-1.775 kg/ha, Dena variety yielded 1.428-1.541 kg/ha, and the local Tanggamus variety yielded 971-1.790 kg/ha. Corn production was 11.879-18.672 kg/ha of wet shelled corn. The average corn production was 15.110 kg/ha. The corn-soybean (Jale 2-7) intercropping system was able to optimize the use of dry land based on rainwater irrigation. This innovation contributed to the improvement of the cropping index from CI = 100 to 150-200.
Potential of food crop waste as one of beef cattle feed sources to support meat self-sufficiency in Gorontalo District during the new normal period
Authors: Surya  , Fadwiwati A Y
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the potential of food crop waste as one of beef cattle feed sources to support meat self-sufficiency in the Gorontalo District during the new normal period. This research is a descriptive study using primary and secondary data. The data obtained is then calculated for the analysis of livestock performance to see the growth rate of beef production and the analysis of the concentration index for agricultural waste feed production in the Gorontalo District. The results obtained indicate that the growth rate of beef production in the Gorontalo District is In (y) = 13.50 + 0.12 t so that the growth rate increases by 12%. Furthermore, the FPCI value in the Gorontalo District is still in the low category in 12 Sub-Districts, the medium category in 4 Sub-Districts, and the high category in 3 Sub-Districts. This shows that the availability of beef cattle feed is not fully fulfilled if it only relies on existing food crop waste even though there is a growth in meat production in the Gorontalo Distric.
Determination of agronomic properties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) voor-oogst on krosok production using path analysis
Authors: Salim A , Setyoko U , Oktaviasari P
Published: May 2021

Tobacco is an important trade commodity in Indonesia because it supports the country’s economy through taxes and excise. The path analysis is used to measure the direct and indirect effects of agronomic character parameters that are strongly correlated with the results. The path analysis in this study aims to find the agronomic characteristics of tobacco that can be used as selection criteria to get high krosok production. The number of samples used was 50 plants. Observation parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, foot leaf length, foot leaf width, middle leaf length, middle leaf width, shoot leaf length, shoot leaf width, leaf wet weight, yield, heavyweight. The results showed the wet weight of the leaves can be used as direct selection criteria. The fresh weight of the leaves has a high positive correlation (Rx10y = 0.812), a high positive direct effect (Px10y = 0.924), and a contribution value of 75.007%.
Response of sweet potato yield components to stakes angle and mulch type: Sweet potato cultivation in the Papua highlands
Authors: Soplanit A , Rumbarar M K
Published: May 2021

This study aims to improve the ability of sweet potato plants to obtain photosynthetic active radiation through a combination of stake angle with mulch as a reflector. The experiments were arranged in a separate plot design with three replications. The main plot consisted of Cangkuang variety with 90° stakes and Cangkuang varieties with 60° stakes. The subplots consisted of no mulch, straw mulch, white sand mulch, clear plastic mulch, and black silver plastic mulch. The results showed that the use of mulch as a reflector on both stake angle was able to increase photosynthesis active radiation by 27.84% to 34.63% compared to without mulch at 16.82%, and the optimum leaf area index at the age of 100 DAP was 3.74 to 4.45 at stake angle of 90° and 3.23 to 4.10 at stake angle of 60°. The number of tubers per plant increased and reached the highest of 3.17 and 4.50 in straw mulch, the number of marketable tubers from 51.90% to 59.23% compared to without mulch of 41.97% for stakes angle of 90° and 44.67% to 65.83% compared without mulch of 32.47% for stakes angle of 60°.
Genetic variability parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) mutant irradiated gamma-ray
Authors: Makhziah  , Moeljani I R
Published: May 2021

Mutation induction often used to increase genetic variability in plant breeding for further proceed. Thirty inbred lines of maize mutants (M1) of were evaluated in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications for morphology and agronomy of genetic variability parameters. Data were collected on days to anthesis and silking, anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height, leaves number, days to maturity, ear number, grain yield, grains number, weight of 100-grain. Mean values were used to determine characters’ phenotypic and genotypic variances, phenotypic, genotypic and environmental coefficients of variation. Moderate heritability estimates were observed for most traits. Otherwise based on genotypic coefficient of variance, for most traits had low genetic variability but generally high genetic variability was observed for most traits based on standard deviation of genotypic variance. Grain yield as important trait had moderate genetic variability based on heritability estimates, high based on genotypic coefficient of variance and standard deviation of genotypic variance. Hence provides better opportunities for selecting plant material regarding these traits.
Rumen un-degraded dietary protein and TCA soluble protein with gambier leave residue supplementation as a source of tannins in cattle feed supplement
Authors: Ramaiyulis
Published: May 2021

This study aims to obtain high rumen undegraded dietary protein and TCA soluble protein in a rations combination of forage, concentrates, and supplements. Gambier leaf residue (GLR) supplementation in cattle feed supplement contains 29.53% crude protein and 75.01% TDN energy. There were 4 treatment rations, forage (F), F + concentrate (FC), F + supplement (FS), and FCS, where the tannin concentration of 0.117% was found in the FS and FCS rations. Rumen microbial degradation and microbial protein synthesis were evaluated in vitro method using cattle rumen fluid. The results showed that GLR supplementation as a source of condensed tannins significantly reduced the rate of protein degradation in the rumen from 1.17 to 0.99% per hour. This effect has implications for the increase in rumen undegraded dietary protein (RUDP) and Peptide-N as rumen fermentation products. Rations containing supplements (FS and FCS significantly produced higher microbial biomass and microbial protein. TCA soluble N was superior in the FCS combination ration which produced the highest amount of protein for intestine sourced from RUDP and microbial protein.
Participation and interest in young generations on business distribution of strategic food commodities in South Sulawesi
Authors: Jam’an  , Mardiyati S , Ruliaty
Published: May 2021

The development of strategic food commodity distribution businesses in rural areas really requires participation and strengthening the interest of the younger. This study aims to determine the level of participation and interest of young farmers in the development of strategic food commodity distribution businesses. This research was conducted in the area of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The sampling method used purposive sampling, which is deliberately selecting young farmers who are members of farmer groups, so that the sample obtained is 42 respondents. Data analysis is descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis (scoring technique with a Likert scale). The results of this study indicate that the level of participation of young farmers in the strategic food commodity business development program is assessed from three aspects, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. The level of participation in the planning aspect was 68.19 percent, categorized as high, while the implementation and evaluation aspects were respectively 65.14 and 58.86 percent which were categorized as moderate. Thus, the participation rate was generally 64.06 percent, which means that it was quite participatory. The interest of the younger generation in the marketing/distribution business of strategic food commodities is in the medium category of 65.81 percent.
Molecular and phenotypic evaluation for heading date and panicle length on F2 selected aromatic rice progenies derived from gene pyramiding effort
Authors: Carsono N , Saragih Y , Sari S , Rachmadi M
Published: May 2021

Gene pyramiding, an attempt to combine many favourable genes from many parents into one single genotype, has been applied in recent years. Through hybridization of many rice genotypes including cv. Pandanwangi (fragrance rice), PTB33 (brown planthopper resistant), Ciapus (high yield and moderate amylose content) and KA (early maturity), some promising genotypes have been obtained. Thus, in order to select the best genotypes among the F2 progenies derived from gene pyramiding effort, both phenotypic and molecular evaluations have to be done. These pyramided genotypes were evaluated with IFAP and ESP (fgr gene), RM19414 (Hd3), RM7601 (Hd2), and RM3600 (LP1) for molecular assessment, meanwhile morpho-agronomic traits were done to assess their performance. Aromatic trait was detected by 1.7% KOH. Meanwhile heading date and panicle length were measured phenotypically. Data obtained from molecular markers were scanned by visualizing DNA bands and calculating PIC (Polymorphism Information Content). Data from phenotypic markers were categorized based on IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) standards. Genotype #131 was supposed to have high yield potential, early maturity, aromatic, and intermediate amylose content. The selected will be recommended as promising genotype and continued as elite breeding materials and will be evaluated for their benefit.
Isolation protocol of jumbo phage from winter grass soil
Authors: Wafa A , A Mohamed-Saad , Addy H S , Kawasaki T
Published: May 2021

Jumbo phage can isolated by two different methods and protocols. It depends on size, phage species, substrate sources, environment, media and tools. Each method has positive and negative results within each factors. The research aimed to determine the suitable protocol to isolated the jumbo phages from winter grass soil during winter conditions, utilizing two main protocols, the enrichment protocol and non-enrichment protocol. In Sequent, research was conducted with several steps, including bacterial isolation, jumbo phage isolation, plaque test in Escherichia coli colony, bacterial genus identification, phage test in soil bacteria, protocol evaluation, DNA extraction and electrophoresis. Based on the plaque size and plaque total, each protocol did not significantly differ on plaque total among the E. coli or each isolated soil bacteria. On the E. coli test, the plaque total average was 65 plaque, nor 45 plaque emerge on each isolated soil bacteria. The significant difference on each protocol were on the clarity of plaque. Based on visual observation, the plaques with enrichment protocol are clearer. It was obvious that the isolation of jumbo phage from the winter grass during winter conditions can be done without the enrichment protocol. It can isolated with standard isolation protocol.
Experiment of the Influence of Dynamic Balancing Precision on Rotor Dynamic Behavior of 75KW Oil-free Turbo Blower
Authors: Dong Zeda , Hou Liukai , He Bo , Xu Fangcheng
Published: May 2021

The principle and structure of the 75kW oil-free turbo blower is briefly introduced and the performance of gas foil bearings (GFBs) is tested. According to the test results, the lift-off speed of the gas foil journal bearings (GFJBs) using in 75kW oil-free turbo blower is about 4000rpm, and the gas foil thrust bearings (GFTBs) can provide at least 140N and 200N load capacity at 7200rpm and 9000rpm, respectively. The rotordynamics behavior of oil-free turbo blower is studied. Two proximity probes and speed sensor are installed to monitor the horizontal vibration displacement, vertical vibration displacement and shaft speed, respectively. And the vibration spectrum and the rotor axis orbit are analyzed. It was found that the maximum vibration amplitude of the rotor with dynamic balancing precision of G-1 was only 3.5 μm, and no other low frequency other than low frequency caused by signal interference. The fundamental frequency vibration amplitude of the rotor with dynamic balancing precision of G-2.5 is larger when running stably, but there is no low frequency and high frequency vibration with higher amplitude. Shaft couldn’t lift-off with dynamic balancing precision of G-6.3 In general, oil-free turbo blower with two kinds of dynamic balancing precision rotors can operate well.
Predicting the Influence of Process Parameters on Depth of HAZ Using Artificial Neural Network on Shielded Metal Arc Welded AISI 1018 Low Carbon Steel Joints
Authors: Singh R P , Pathak D
Published: May 2021

An artificial neural network model was executed after being developed by training a program in C++ by utilizing welding variables including input parameters like electrode angle, welding current, welding speed and welding voltage and output parameters like depth of HAZ. Experimental data were utilized to model neural network based on back propagation algorithm to predict the effects of welding parameters on weld bead geometry factors. It has been noticed that an accurately trained artificial neural network model can be easily and efficiently utilized for predicting the optimum values of depth of heat affected zone.
A short review on the Industrial applications of phase change materials
Authors: Nagar Sumit , Singh Pradeep Kumar
Published: May 2021

Latent heat storage is the best possible ways of storing thermal energy. This provides higher storage density with very small temperature difference between storing and releasing heat energy. This review paper provides a detailed classification of Phase change materials (PCMs) along with their varied applications. To the best of author’s knowledge till now, nearly all the applications of PCMs are listed in this short review. The gap between demand and supply of energy can be bridged by using PCMs and thereby it has become a very attractive technology. The use of a PCMs in thermal insulation, thermal comfort and energy storage have been tested in many applications.
Fabrication & Characterization of Hybrid composite with Waste Natural Fiber & Synthetic Fiber
Authors: Srivastava Rohit , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Pratap Singh Dhirendra
Published: May 2021

The series of development in the field of hybrid composites are exist. Which gave idea to develop new material which is fabricate with residue of natural product and synthetic fiber. The present work is focused to utilize waste of natural fiber and synthetic fiber to development of Hybrid composite. There are variety of natural fiber available cheaply also become waste after their primary objectives like sugarcane bagasse, sisal coconut coir, banana fiber obtained from nature directly and some of synthetic fiber like rubber etc. The present work is a progress in this regards by using waste synthetic fiber that is wheel tyre with residue of Sugarcane that is bagasse taken into consideration their tensile strength and elastic property of wheel tyre. Both the fibers got waste in millions of tones across the world by every year and their decomposition is very hazarded for environment . So this work is aiming on the two obj ectives one is to develop new material and characterized their property other is mitigate waste material by converting it in some use full material which is many goods of day today life human kind also in automobile sector medical equipement and aviation sector. Hand ley up technique is used for developing new material, extraction process of natural fiber, clinging and cleaning, extraction of synthetic rubber. Epoxy resin is used as a bonding agent and characterized their mechanical properties like tensile strength compressive strength impact strength hardness and moisture containing capacity.
Applications of Nanofluid in the thermal devices: A Review
Authors: Karmveer  , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Alam Tabish
Published: May 2021

Nanofluids are used to augment the thermal performance of various devices. They have gained remarkable attention of the researchers worldwide in the various industrial applications due to their outstanding properties since previous two decades. The nanomaterial enhances various thermo-physical properties of working fluids like thermal conductivity, convection coefficient, viscosity and specific heat etc. the traditional fluids used so far as a working fluid were replaced by nanofluids such as molten salt, water, ethylene glycol and vegetable/engine oils. The thermophysical properties of the working fluid properties by using nanofluids were depends upon Reynolds number, Richardson number, and thermal conductivity of nanomaterial, flow rates, nanomaterial concentration and inlet temperature of fluid. In this review, ongoing research and development on thermo-physical properties of nanofluids in the thermal devices is summarized and to provide viewpoint for future research and development.
Analysis of Stress Intensity Factor in a Surface Cracked Plate under Convective Thermal Loading
Authors: Chhabra Varun , Kumar Gupta Naveen
Published: May 2021

A pre-existing surface cracked stainless steel specimen is brought to light to the cyclic temperature of convective medium. The history of cracked body’s stress intensity factor (SIF) is obtained by using appropriate weight function method is presented in this paper. Numerical simulation is performed with FEM based software ABAQUS. Cyclic temperature induces the compressive and tensile stresses in the specimen which in turn becomes the main cause of cyclic fatigue in the specimen. The other intensity function of body induced stress is stress intensity. The result shows that the behavior of Fatigue does not based only on the temperature range but also on frequency, Biot number and Initial temperature of the specimen.
Rheological Analysis on Joannesia Princeps Oil for Sustainable Bio-lubricant in Electric Vehicle Application
Authors: Kotia Ankit , Sharma Raj Kamal , Sharma Prasanjit , Chugh Rishabh , Gemini Raman Deep , Chowdary Krishna , Galgat Sagar
Published: May 2021

The Petroleum-based lubricants cause harmful effects on the environment due to its non-degradable and highly toxic properties. The shortage of mineral oil reserves leads to finding an alternative for petroleum and its product. The present study analyzes rheological properties of Joannesia Princeps oil for evaluate its potential to work as electric vehicle lubricant. Test samples prepared with multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles to change the enhancement in rheological properties. It was observed that MWCNT and CeO2 made 14% and 12% improvement in viscosity at lower shear rate respectively, however no significant change was observed at higher shear rate.
Machining process parameters optimization of Aluminium Alloy AA6262 T6 for CNC Turning by Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Sharma Kamal , Kumar Saraswat Bhupendra
Published: May 2021

This research paper is based on the optimization for machining parameter of turning process of CNC M/C tool on aluminium alloy with the help of grey relation analysis. The parameters is found out the experiments perform on aluminium alloy AA6262T6. Machining operation is performed under dry cutting condition by uncoated carbide insert tool. In this research work operation parameters like feed, speed and depth of cut is optimized with output of material removal rate and surface roughness. In the present work, grey relation grade is used as a tool for optimization technique. The result is obtained by grey relation grade find out through grey relation analysis. The experiment outcomes are clear that the response in turning process can be increase efficiency from this fresh approach. To validate the test result, the confirmation test is performed. Prediction of GRA shows the noteworthy increment of 16.629 (14.55 %) in Material Removal Rate (MRR) and a noteworthy reduction of 0.148 (8.9%) in Surface Roughness.
Investigation of the use of micro-alloy and As-Cast Microalloy steel in Automotive application
Authors: Pant Gaurav , Sonia Pankaj , Kumar Sharma Harish
Published: May 2021

Vehicle industry assume unequivocal role in the financial development of the nation. The significant test before car industry is to deliver light weight parts without diminishing strength parts, for example, connecting rod and driveline segment, this can be accomplished by utilizing high strength low alloy steel. In all metal forming process forged parts posses high yield strength due to the favored direction of grains. Accordingly present exploration work zeroed in on Micro basic and Mechanical Behavior of As-Cast and Hot Forged Microalloy Steel. Impact of thermo-mechanical handling and cooling rate is additionally considered. Characteristic evaluation investigation of As-projected steel and hot fashioned steel is contemplated utilizing optical and SEM technique. Tensile testing performed on Instron testing machine. It is observed that due to the thermomechanical handling of steel there is development of strain instigated precipitate that advantage as far as effect strength and toughness of steel.
Gadolinium ferrite nano-particle based electrochemical sensor for detection of acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Kumar Yogendra , Gupta Deeksha , Singh Prabal Pratap , Kumar Das Dipak
Published: May 2021

A novel electrochemical sensor based on gadolinium ferrite nano-particle (GdFeO3/GP) has been fabricated for the detection of aspirin. FESEM and TEM results reveal that synthesized nano materials are in nano range with particle size of 40 to 45 nm. Cyclic voltammogram of 1μM ASA indicated a single irreversible oxidation peak at 1.1 V which was 2 fold higher than bare GP electrode. Maximum current value was obtained with supporting electrolyte at pH-6.0. Hence phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 was employed in all experimental work, maintaining scan rate at 100mVs-1.