bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extensive use of net-metering in Crete’s region public buildings
Authors: Markaki Marini , Karapidakis Emmanuel , Katsigiannis Yiannis , Apostolaki Maria , Kornilakis Giannis , Floyris Panagiotis
Published: July 2023

Net metering and zero feed-in are two different methods used in photovoltaic (PV) installations to manage the excess energy locally produced by consumers. Net metering allows the energy generated by the PV system to be fed back into the grid, and the excess energy is credited to the owner’s account. Zero feed-in, on the other hand, involves the use of an inverter that reduces the amount of energy exported to the grid to zero, while still allowing the PV system to generate power for self-sufficiency use. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of both net metering and zero feed-in systems, whereas proposes an algorithm for optimal dimensioning of PV considering the relevant load profiles of each examined load demand. The analysis considers factors such as self-sufficiency and rejection of PV production. The results of this study can help stakeholders to make informed decisions when they are obliged to use a zero feed-in scheme for their PV installations.
To Purge or Not to Purge
Authors: Hugo Juan D. V. , Yeung Alexander , Weerwind Patrick W.
Published: July 2023

To remove gaseous microemboli (GME) using an oxygenator with an integrated arterial filter, it is recommended by some manufacturers to purge the oxygenator as an additional safety feature while on bypass. In this in vitro study, we evaluated whether purging of oxygenators with an integrated arterial filter is efficient in reducing GME. Five different types of commercially available contemporary oxygenators with an integrated arterial filter based on progressive filter filtration (1), cascade filtration (1), screen filtration (2), or self-venting (1) were tested for their efficiency in removing GME while keeping the purge line open or closed. A bubble counter was used for pre- and post-oxygenator GME signaling, from which the filter efficiency was computed. Freshly drawn heparinized porcine blood was used at blood flow rates of 3 and 5 L/min. Three units of each oxygenator were tested with its specific reservoir at a fixed volume level of 1,500 mL. GME load was introduced into the venous line at 1,000 mL air/min. Measurements started as soon as GME were detected by the pre-oxygenator probe and then continued for 1 minute. There was no statistically significant difference in filter efficiency between the purged and non-purged groups for specific oxygenators. At a blood flow of 3 L/min, the average filter efficiency stayed approximately invariable when comparing the non-purged and purged groups, where 89.1–88.2% indicated the largest difference between the groups. At a blood flow rate of 5 L/min, the filter efficiency changed in one screen filter group from an average of 55.7% in the non-purged group to 42.4% in the purged group. Other filter efficiencies at the blood flow rate of 5 L/min for non-purged compared with purged groups were, respectively, 98.0 vs. 98.0% (screen filtration), 88.6 vs. 85.8% (self-venting filtration), 82.8 vs. 75.5% (progressive filter filtration), and 65.4 vs. 65.1% (cascade filtration). Based on these results, purging while confronted with continuous GME challenge did not result in an increased filter efficiency.
Carbon materials: structures, properties, synthesis and applications
Authors: Li Jiang , Yin Deqiang , Qin Yi
Published: July 2023

As one of the most versatile elements, carbon materials occupy the most plentiful allotropies composed of pure or mixed hybridization orbitals of sp1/sp2/sp3. The design and synthesis of new carbon materials may be stimulated based on a deeper understanding of underlying structures and related properties. In this review, the initial early discoveries of carbon materials are examined based on their hybridization of orbitals. According to the type of hybridization, the discovered carbon materials are firstly classified and introduced in detail based on their crystal structures. Secondly, its physical and chemical properties, mainly including mechanical properties, optical properties and electronic properties, are reviewed. Thirdly, the existing methods of predicting carbon structure and synthesizing carbon materials are classified and summarized, and some typical carbon materials predicted or prepared are discussed respectively. Then, the main applications of newly synthesized carbon materials in the last two decades are classified and summarized, and the microstructure is linked with the macro properties and specific applications. Finally, the future research opportunities for carbon materials and their potential applications are prospected from the aspects of the gap between theoretical prediction and preparation, the current research hotspot of carbon materials and the incomplete application of carbon materials. It is the authors' intention for this review paper to serve not only as a valuable reference for research into carbon materials and related composites, but also as a guidance for novel materials design at the atomic level.
Noch Luft nach oben
Authors: Roßius Sabrina
Published: July 2023

Die ersten Kliniken nutzen die PPR 2.0 – als Testhäuser. Die Rückmeldungen zeigen, dass es an vielen Stellen noch hapert und es an Informationen fehlt.
Mehr Exzellenz in der Pflege
Authors: Koch Marie-Luise , Weber Ruth Anna
Published: July 2023

Die Kombination aus akademisierten Pflegefachkräften und fachschulischen Pflegenden kann ein gelungener Mix an Kompetenzen sein, der die Qualität in der Pflege sichert und von dem letztlich Arbeitgeber, Mitarbeiter und Patienten profitieren.
Kenntnis und Akzeptanz von Spielerschutzmaßnahmen bei den
Glücksspielenden – Ergebnisse des Glücksspiel-Surveys
2021
Authors: Buth Sven , Meyer Gerhard , Kalke Jens
Published: July 2023

Zielsetzung In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird untersucht, welche
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Intensität
glücksspielbezogener Probleme (gemäß DSM-5-Kriterien)
und der Kenntnis und Akzeptanz von Spielerschutzmaßnahmen bestehen.

Methodik Basis der Auswertungen sind die Daten des
Glücksspiel-Surveys 2021. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im III. Quartal
2021 in Form eines Mixed-Mode-Designs, welches sowohl telefonische Interviews
(N=7373; Festnetz und Mobil zu gleichen Teilen) als auch
onlinegestützte Befragungen (N=4650) beinhaltete. Neben der
Gewichtung nach soziodemografischen Merkmalen (Alter, Geschlecht, Region,
Schulbildung) erfolgte zusätzlich eine Mode-Gewichtung (2/3
Telefon; 1/3 Online). In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden
ausschließlich Personen (18–70 Jahre) betrachtet, die in den
letzten 12 Monaten vor der Befragung an Glücksspielen teilgenommen
hatten (N=3704).

Ergebnisse Die Kenntnis von Maßnahmen des Jugend- und
Spielerschutzes variiert erheblich, wenn nach dem Schweregrad
glücksspielbezogener Probleme (DSM-5) differenziert wird.
Darüber hinaus wird deutlich, dass insbesondere Maßnahmen,
welche Auswirkungen auf die konkrete Spielteilnahme haben (z. B.
Begrenzung der Geldeinsätze) bei dem Personenkreis mit einer
Glücksspielstörung (>3 DSM-5-Kriterien) eine signifikant
geringere Akzeptanz besitzen als bei den unproblematisch
Glücksspielenden.

Diskussion Es sollten größere Anstrengungen unternommen
werden, passgenaue Präventionskonzepte zu entwickeln und umzusetzen.
Insbesondere Maßnahmen der indizierten Prävention wie die
Limitierung von Spieleinsätzen oder die Selbstsperre sollten
verstärkt beworben bzw. diesbezüglich neue Zugänge
erprobt werden, um mehr Problemspielende zu erreichen.
Fatigue-induced Landing Alterations in ACL Reconstructed Athletes
after Return-to-Sport
Authors: Willems Miel , Gilson Laurens , Verschueren Sabine , Vanrenterghem Jos , Staes Filip , Vandenneucker Hilde , Claes Steven , Smeets Annemie
Published: July 2023

At the time of return-to-sport, anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed athletes
still show altered neuromechanics in their injured leg during single leg hopping
tasks. Part of these alterations can be magnified when these athletes are
fatigued. So far, little is known whether fatigue-induced landing alterations
persist after return-to-sport. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate
whether these alterations persist in the six months following return-to-sport.
Sixteen anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed athletes performed five
unilateral hop tasks before and after a fatigue protocol. The hop tasks were
executed at three different time points (return-to-sport, 3 and 6 months
post-return-to-sport). A 2-by-3 repeated measures ANOVA was performed to
evaluate whether fatigue-induced landing alterations persisted 3 and 6 months
following return-to-sport. At 6 months following return-to-sport, fatigue still
induces a reduction in hamstring medialis activation and an increase in the knee
abduction moment during a vertical hop with 90-degree inward rotation. Most
fatigue-induced landing alterations present at the time of return-to-sport
normalize after resumption of sports activities. However, a larger knee
abduction moment in the injured leg after resumption of sports activities can
still be observed.
Precision Medicine in the Era of Genetic Testing: Microsatellite Instability Evolved
Authors: Ioffe Dina , McSweeny Michelle , Hall Michael J.
Published: July 2023

The recognized importance of microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer has evolved considerably in the past 30 years. From its beginnings as a molecular predictor for Lynch syndrome, MSI first transitioned to a universal screening test in all colorectal and endometrial cancers, substantially increasing the identification of patients with Lynch syndrome among cancer patients. More recently, MSI has been shown to be a powerful biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy across a diversity of tumor types, and in 2017 was granted Food and Drug Administration approval as the first tumor histology-agnostic biomarker for a cancer therapy. Focusing on colorectal cancer specifically, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of both MSI-high (MSI-H) colon and rectal cancer, with data increasingly suggesting an early role for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in MSI-H colorectal tumors in the neoadjuvant setting, with the potential to avoid more toxic and morbid approaches using traditional chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. The success of MSI as an immune checkpoint blockade target has inspired ongoing vigorous research to identify new similar targets for immune checkpoint blockade therapy that may help to one day expand the reach of this revolutionary cancer therapy to a wider swath of patients and indications.
Management of Desmoid Disease in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Sommovilla Joshua , Shepard Dale , Liska David
Published: July 2023

Desmoid disease, though technically a benign condition, is nevertheless a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Desmoid disease impacts approximately 30% of FAP patients, with several known risk factors. It runs the gamut in terms of severity—ranging from small, slow-growing asymptomatic lesions to large, focally destructive, life-threatening masses. Desmoids usually occur following surgery, and several patient risk factors have been established, including female sex, family history of desmoid disease, 3′ APC mutation, and extraintestinal manifestations of FAP. Desmoid disease-directed therapy is individualized and impacted by desmoid stage, severity, postsurgical anatomy, and consequences of disease. Medical therapy consists of options in multiple classes of drugs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and cytotoxic agents. Surgical excision is sometimes an option, but can be limited by common location of disease at the root of the small bowel mesentery. Palliative surgical treatments are often considered in management of desmoid disease. Intestinal transplantation for severe desmoid disease is an emerging and promising option, though long-term data on efficacy and survival is limited.
Congenital Retinal Macrovessel. A Case Report of a Rare Incidental Finding
Authors: Bukhatwa Samar A. , Omear Mervat A.
Published: July 2023

Congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is a rare vascular abnormality of the macular region that is usually discovered incidentally.

We present the case of a 57-year-old Libyan female patient with a CRM.

The patient's left eye showed an abnormally large retinal vein crossing the foveal avascular region, Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) showed a large retinal vessel in the left eye branching superiorly at the edge of the fovea a vascular zone. The patient has no visual defect or macular thickening.

CRM is an incidental finding that, with rare exceptions, does not cause any alteration to the patient's vision. They can be imaged by OCTA and need to be differentiated from other retinal pathologies.
Robotic Rectus Abdominis Harvest for Pelvic Reconstruction after Abdominoperineal Resection
Authors: Appel Richard , Shih Linden , Gimenez Alejandro , Bay Caroline , Chai Christy Yoon-Hee , Maricevich Marco
Published: July 2023

The use of robotic surgical systems to perform abdominoperineal resection (APR) has recently become more prevalent. This minimally invasive approach produces fewer scars and potentially less morbidity for the patient. The rectus abdominis muscle is often used for reconstruction after APR if primary closure is not feasible or the surgical site is at high risk of wound complications. Since the traditional open harvest of this flap creates large incisions that negate the advantages of minimally invasive APR, there has been growing interest in harvesting the rectus abdominis in a similarly robotic fashion. This article reviews the technique, benefits, and limitations of this robotic technique. Compared to the traditional open harvest, robotic harvest of the rectus abdominis leaves smaller scars, provides technical benefits for the surgeon, and offers possible morbidity benefits for the patient. These advantages should be weighed against the added expense and learning curve inherent to robotic surgery.
Emotional processing in bilinguals: a systematic review aimed at identifying future trends in neurolinguistics
Authors: Sharif Humera , Mahmood Saqib
Published: July 2023

This review is one of the first studies to discuss the status of research on emotional processing in a healthy bilingual brain. Few articles about emotion and cognition coupling have examined how the bilingual brain differs in processing emotional stimuli from the monolingual brain in neuroimaging studies. Having diverse perspectives, tools, and methodologies in interdisciplinary research can help build our understanding of the connection between the mind, language, and emotions. This systematic review uses Moher et al., (2015) PRISMA-P to synthesize relevant publications. In this review study, we discuss common discrepancies, the techniques used to elicit data and the objectives of the emotion and cognition interaction in neuroimaging, psychophysiological and cognitive paradigms. Our findings suggest the focus of future research on simultaneous bilinguals, extended narratives instead of decontextualized stimuli and comparison of different modalities. We provide valuable insight for neurolinguistic researchers in regard to the various limitations in the existing literature that hinder the successful integration of emotion and language studies into the field of neurolinguistics.
Nonvolatile flash memory device with ferroelectric blocking layer via in situ ALD process
Authors: Kim Dongsu , Song Chong-Myeong , Heo Su Jin , Pyo Goeun , Kim Dongha , Lee Ji Hwan , Park Kyung-Ho , Lee Shinbuhm , Kwon Hyuk-Jun , Jang Jae Eun
Published: July 2023

To improve performances of nonvolatile charge trap flash memory devices, we propose an in situ Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO)/HfO2/Al2O3 stacked structure, which is compatible for Si with the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) process based on all atomic layer deposition. Since the appropriate bandgap difference between Al2O3 and HfO2, stable charge trap operation is achieved. High-quality ferroelectric HZO film characteristics were showed by minimizing defects and Si diffusion through the sub-layer of Al2O3/HfO2. Therefore, HZO as a blocking layer enhances the memory performance of the charge trap structure due to its specific polarization effect. The proposed device has the high polarization characteristics of HZO (2Pr > 20 μ C/cm2) along with a MOS-cap window (>4 V), good retention capability (>10 years), fast program/erase response operation times (<200 μs), and strong durability (>105 cycles) while operating as a form of single level cell. By comparing Al2O3 and ferroelectric HZO as a blocking layer of the charge trap device, we confirmed that the HZO/HfO2/Al2O3 multi-layer structure had excellent characteristics according to various memory performance indicators. Our proposed high-performance charge trap flash memory can be employed in various applications, including Si-based three-dimensional structures with artificial intelligence systems.
Strain-tuned optical conductivity of monolayer PbBiI
Authors: Hoi Bui D.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we investigate the optical response of the PbBiI single-layer by developing a strain-induced Kane–Mele model from Peierls substitution and by employing the Kubo formula at low temperatures. We address three different regimes of uniform and non-uniform classes created by tuning the strength of the strain. From a detailed analysis of the electronic band structure, we find that the Rashba spin splitting gap is destroyed with strain, while the bulk gap slightly changes. We also find that interband optical transitions exhibit a blueshift spectrum with strain. Interestingly, all these findings are independent of the regime and class of strain. However, our simulations show that only the non-uniform class of strain leads to anisotropic optical conductivity. These results enhance optoelectronic applications of low-dimensional materials.
Asymptotic scalings of fluid, incompressible “electron-only” reconnection instabilities: Electron-magnetohydrodynamics tearing modes
Authors: Betar H. , Del Sarto D.
Published: July 2023

We perform a numerical study of the scaling laws of tearing modes in different parameter regimes of incompressible fluid electron magnetohydrodynamics, both in the small and large wavelength limits, as well as for the fastest growing mode that can be destabilized in a large aspect ratio current sheet. We discuss the relevance of these results, also for the interpretation of the “electron-only reconnection regime,” recently identified in spacecraft measures and in numerical simulations of solar wind turbulence. We restrict here to a single parameter study, in which we selectively consider only one non-ideal effect among electron inertia, perpendicular resistivity, and perpendicular electron viscosity, and we also consider the cases in which a proportionality exists between the parallel and the perpendicular dissipative coefficients. While some known theoretical results are thus confirmed, in other regimes and/or wavelength limits, corrections are proposed with respect to some theoretical estimates already available in the literature. In other cases, the scalings are provided for the first time. All numerical results are justified in terms of heuristic arguments based on the measurement of the scaling laws of some new microscopic scales associated with the gradients of the eigenfunctions. The alternative scalings we have found are consistent with this interpretation.
mmodel: A workflow framework to accelerate the development of experimental simulations
Authors: Sun Peter , Marohn John A.
Published: July 2023

Simulation has become an essential component of designing and developing scientific experiments. The conventional procedural approach to coding simulations of complex experiments is often error-prone, hard to interpret, and inflexible, making it hard to incorporate changes such as algorithm updates, experimental protocol modifications, and looping over experimental parameters. We present mmodel, a Python framework designed to accelerate the writing of experimental simulation packages. mmodel uses a graph-theory approach to represent the experiment steps and can rewrite its own code to implement modifications, such as adding a loop to vary simulation parameters systematically. The framework aims to avoid duplication of effort, increase code readability and testability, and decrease development time.
Effects of body stiffness on propulsion during fish self-propelled swimming
Authors: Xu MengFan , Yu YongLiang
Published: July 2023

Many fish propel themselves using wave-like lateral flexion of their body and tail in the water. The undulatory body is driven by the distributed muscles, and locomotion is achieved by internal muscular stimulation and the external action of the fluid. As one of the material properties, the stiffness of the body being propelled plays an important role in the deformation process, especially for the muscle power input and phase lag. In this paper, a three-dimensional self-propelled elongated body model is employed to numerically investigate the effects of stiffness on the propulsion performance, including the forward speed, energy consumption, and energy-utilization ratio. According to various deformation characteristics and energy-utilization ratios, three deformation modes corresponding to high, medium, and low stiffness are identified. Our results indicate that a deforming body with medium stiffness has the highest efficiency, and its corresponding deformation is closest to that of fish in nature. When the stiffness of the fish body is higher than the normal level, more muscle energy is needed to sustain the tail beating of the same amplitude. A lower level of stiffness produces a more obvious phase lag in the fish body, which might lead to slow control responses. We also show that the stiffness of the fish body affects the scaling relationship between the swimming speed and the tail beating velocity. The upper and lower limits of the scaling exponent correspond to high and low levels of stiffness, respectively, and are also affected by the wavelength of the muscle contraction.
Noise-induced broadening of a quantum-dash laser optical frequency comb
Authors: Borodkin A. I. , Kovalev A. V. , Giudici M. , Huyet G. , Ramdane A. , Marconi M. , Viktorov E. A.
Published: July 2023

Single-section quantum dash semiconductor lasers have attracted much attention as an integrated and simple platform for the generation of THz-wide and flat optical frequency combs in the telecom C-band. In this work, we present an experimental method allowing to increase the spectral width of the laser comb by the injection of a broadband optical noise from an external semiconductor optical amplifier that is spectrally overlapped with the quantum dash laser comb. The noise injection induces an amplification of the side modes of the laser comb, which acquire a fixed phase relationship with the central modes of the comb. We demonstrate a broadening of the laser comb by a factor of two via this technique.
Field trap effect on pool boiling enhancement in a non-uniform electric field: A numerical study
Authors: Yao Jing-Da , Zhang Yu , Luo Xiao-Ping , Luo Kang , Wu Jian , Yi Hong-Liang
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the effect of a non-uniform electric field on pool boiling is investigated by using the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model and the leaky dielectric model. The focus of the study is on the field trap effect, which drives bubbles to migrate toward regions with a lower electric field intensity. Relevant results demonstrate that the non-uniform electric field effectively adjusts the distribution of dry and wet areas during boiling. Moreover, the field trap effect significantly delays the onset of film boiling by disrupting the vapor film through non-uniform electric field forces. Further, parameter analysis reveals a linear correlation between the critical heat flux and the electric capillary number (Cae). It is also determined that there exists an optimal electrode length that can achieve the best effect in delaying the Leidenfrost temperature (TL). To maximize the utilization of non-uniform effects in vapor film destruction, the hydrophilic strips are introduced to inhibit bubble coalescence and can further enhance the boiling heat transfer in this way.
BasisOpt: A Python package for quantum chemistry basis set optimization
Authors: Shaw Robert A. , Hill J. Grant
Published: July 2023

The accuracy and efficiency of molecular quantum chemical calculations depend critically on the basis set used. However, the development of novel basis sets is hindered because much of the literature relies on the use of opaque processes and tools that are not publicly available. We present here BasisOpt, a tool for the automated optimization of basis sets with an easy-to-use framework. It features an open and accessible workflow for basis set optimization that can be easily adapted to almost any quantum chemistry program, a standardized approach to testing basis sets, and visualization of both the optimized basis sets and the optimization process. We provide examples of usage in realistic basis set optimization scenarios where: (i) a density fitting basis set is optimized for He, Ne, and Ar; (ii) the exponents of the def2-SVP basis are re-optimized for a set of molecules rather than atoms; and (iii) a large, almost saturated basis of sp primitives is automatically reduced to (10s5p) while achieving the lowest energy for such a basis set composition.
High performance multilayer heterogeneous resonators based on 128° YX lithium niobate and diamond composite films for 5 GHz and beyond
Authors: Qi Mengke , Li Menghui , Cheng Yimin , Chen Yuanhang , Cao Liang , Mu Xiaojing
Published: July 2023

The advent of the new 5G communication standard has introduced demanding requirements for the performance of RF front-end filters, necessitating high frequency, large bandwidth, and other improved parameters. Consequently, researchers have been actively investigating the potential of surface acoustic wave resonators and film bulk acoustic resonators to address these needs, leading to the development of numerous novel structures. Through finite element simulation, a new heterogeneous stack structure Al/LN/diamond/Si with an interdigitated electrode resonant cavity is proposed. And the advantageous role of a diamond thin film in the surface acoustic wave resonant structure, including the excitation of high-frequency acoustic resonance modes and modulation of the electromechanical coupling coefficient has been studied. This structure holds promise for addressing the increasing demands for high-frequency, large-bandwidth RF front-end filters in the context of the new 5G communication standard. The results show that the central resonant frequency of the new structure resonator is 5284 MHz, the electromechanical coupling coefficient is 10.96%, and the Q factor value is 10 316, which has potential application value in the field of high-frequency filtering.
Effects of Na+ and Cl− on hydrated clusters by ab initio study
Authors: Shi Ying , Wang Pengju , Li Wenliang , Su Yan
Published: July 2023

A comprehensive genetic algorithm is used to perform a global search for Cl−(H2O)1–9 and NaCl(H2O)1–9. The structural optimization, energy calculations, vibrational characteristics, and charge distribution were performed at an ab initio high-level theory. Combined with the calculation results of Na+(H2O)1–6 by Wang et al. [Front. Chem. 7, 624 (2019)] in our group, we systematically investigate these three systems at the same theoretical level. A comparison of bond lengths reveals that in Cl−(H2O)n, the inclusion of Na+ to form NaCl(H2O)n reduces the average distance between Cl− and H2O, indicating that Na+ has a stabilizing effect on ionic hydrogen bonds. Conversely, in Na+(H2O)n, the introduction of Cl− weakens the interactions between Na+ and H2O. In the NaCl(H2O)1–9 structures searched by the genetic algorithm, the ground-state configurations correspond to contact ion pairs, and the solvent-separated ion pair structures appear when n = 7. Furthermore, the anharmonic corrected infrared spectra of Cl−(H2O)1–5 and NaCl(H2O)1–4 exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. According to charge analysis of NaCl(H2O)n, it is observed that charge transfer primarily occurs from Cl− to H2O, resulting in the presence of negative charges on the water molecules. These findings are helpful to understand the effects of Na+ and Cl− on hydrated clusters at the molecular level.
Samarium modified lead-free potassium sodium niobate-based grain orientation-controlled ceramics and its ultrasonic transducer applications
Authors: Quan Yi , Sun Yajun , Zheng Kun , Fei Chunlong , Wang Yecheng , Wang Zhe , Zhao Tianlong , Zhuang Jian , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Junshan , Ren Wei , Yang Yintang
Published: July 2023

Environment-friendly lead-free potassium sodium niobate-based piezoelectric materials have been widely used in acoustic device applications because of its high piezoelectric response, high Curie temperature, and low acoustic impedance. In our previous works, samarium modified 0.915(K0.45Na0.5Li0.05)NbO3–0.075BaZrO3–0.01(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (Sm–KNLN–BZ–BNT) ceramics have achieved high piezoelectric properties with good thermal stability. To further improve its properties and thermal stability, grain orientation-controlled methods have been introduced to Sm–KNLN–BZ–BNT ceramics. In this work, textured Sm–KNLN–BZ–BNT ceramics with a 93% ⟨001⟩c-oriented textured degree have been prepared. The samples have achieved a d33* value with 532 pm/V and better thermal stability between room temperature to 150 °C than the non-textured samples. Moreover, ultrasonic transducers with a 25 MHz center frequency have been designed and fabricated by the textured Sm–KNLN–BZ–BNT ceramics. The peak-to-peak of the transducers has reached a 1.78 V high level, which demonstrated the textured Sm–KNLN–BZ–BNT ceramics are a good candidate for acoustic applications.
Aging and passivation of magnetic properties in Co/Gd bilayers
Authors: Kools Thomas J. , van Hees Youri L. W. , Poissonnier Kenneth , Li Pingzhi , Barcones Campo Beatriz , Verheijen Marcel A. , Koopmans Bert , Lavrijsen Reinoud
Published: July 2023

Synthetic ferrimagnets based on Co and Gd bear promise for directly bridging the gap between volatile information in the photonic domain and nonvolatile information in the magnetic domain, without the need for any intermediary electronic conversion. Specifically, these systems exhibit strong spin–orbit torque effects, fast domain wall motion, and single-pulse all-optical switching of the magnetization. An important open challenge to bring these materials to the brink of applications is to achieve long-term stability of their magnetic properties. In this work, we address the time-evolution of the magnetic moment and compensation temperature of magnetron sputter grown Pt/Co/Gd trilayers with various capping layers. Over the course of three months, the net magnetic moment and compensation temperature change significantly, which we attribute to quenching of the Gd magnetization. We identify that intermixing of the capping layer and Gd is primarily responsible for this effect, which can be alleviated by choosing nitrides for capping as long as reduction of nitride to oxide is properly addressed. In short, this work provides an overview of the relevant aging effects that should be taken into account when designing synthetic ferrimagnets based on Co and Gd for spintronic applications.
Classes of O–D centers in unintentionally and Fe-doped β-Ga2O3 annealed in a D2 ambient
Authors: Portoff Amanda , Venzie Andrew , Stavola Michael , Fowler W. Beall , Glaser Evan , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: July 2023

β-Ga2O3 has attracted much recent attention as a promising ultrawide bandgap semiconductor. Hydrogen can affect the conductivity of β-Ga2O3 through the introduction of shallow donors and the passivation of deep acceptors. The introduction of H or D into β-Ga2O3 by annealing in an H2 or D2 ambient at elevated temperature produces different classes of O–H or O–D centers. This work is a study of the interaction of D with VGa1 and VGa2 deep acceptors as well as other impurities and native defects in Ga2O3 by infrared spectroscopy and the complementary theory. (We focus primarily on the deuterium isotope of hydrogen because the vibrational modes of O–D centers can be detected with a higher signal-to-noise ratio than those of O–H.) O–D centers in β-Ga2O3 evolve upon annealing in an inert ambient and are transformed from one type of O–D center into another. These reactions affect the compensation of unintentional shallow donors by deep acceptors that are passivated by D. Defects involving additional impurities in β-Ga2O3 compete with VGa deep acceptors for D and modify the deuterium-related reactions that occur. The defect reactions that occur when D is introduced by annealing in a D2 ambient appear to be simpler than those observed for other introduction methods and provide a foundation for understanding the D-related reactions that can occur in more complicated situations.
Instructed motivational states bias reinforcement learning and memory formation
Authors: Sinclair Alyssa H. , Wang Yuxi C. , Adcock R. Alison
Published: July 2023

Motivation influences goals, decisions, and memory formation.
Imperative
motivation links urgent goals to actions, narrowing the focus of attention and memory. Conversely,
interrogative
motivation integrates goals over time and space, supporting rich memory encoding for flexible future use. We manipulated motivational states via cover stories for a reinforcement learning task: The imperative group imagined
executing
a museum heist, whereas the interrogative group imagined
planning
a future heist. Participants repeatedly chose among four doors, representing different museum rooms, to sample trial-unique paintings with variable rewards (later converted to bonus payments). The next day, participants performed a surprise memory test. Crucially, only the cover stories differed between the imperative and interrogative groups; the reinforcement learning task was identical, and all participants had the same expectations about how and when bonus payments would be awarded. In an initial sample and a preregistered replication, we demonstrated that imperative motivation increased exploitation during reinforcement learning. Conversely, interrogative motivation increased directed (but not random) exploration, despite the cost to participants’ earnings. At test, the interrogative group was more accurate at recognizing paintings relative to the Imperative group. In the interrogative group, higher value paintings were more likely to be remembered; imperative motivation disrupted this effect of reward modulating memory. Overall, we demonstrate that a prelearning motivational manipulation can bias learning and memory, bearing implications for education, behavior change, clinical interventions, and communication.
Political speeches as a tool of Covid19 crisis management?
Authors: Berrocal Martina , Salamurović Aleksandra
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on crisis communication in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Serbia, and North Macedonia during the first, second, and third pandemic waves and takes a comparative pragmatics approach. By focusing on pragmatic features, such as speech acts and discursive/linguistic aspects of communicated values, we examine how the Covid19 crisis management is realized on the linguistic micro-level in political speeches as a salient genre of political discourse. Our study shows that the most distinct benefit of political speeches compared to other tools of crisis communication is that they forge transindividual identity, a sense of community, and highlight desired social values. In contrast, political speeches can block effective crisis communication when they exhibit high levels of intertextuality, are saturated with information, and over-aggregation.
Covid-19 vaccination policies in an autocratic context
Authors: Weiss Daniel
Published: July 2023

The paper continues a book chapter devoted to the Belarusian and Russian crisis management during the first months of the pandemic (Weiss 2022). The present chapter examines the second half of 2021 when vaccines were already available in both countries. It is based on data from speeches broadcast on TV, reports by so-called “foreign agents”, i.e. Russian independent investigative agencies, and online news including the official Kremlin site. The main research question focuses on the impact of vaccination on both Lukašenko’s and Putin’s policies: how did their communication strategies change, what was their own stance towards vaccination, and how did they cope with peoples’ reluctance to get vaccinated? The tools to achieve this goal are mainly provided by argumentation theory and impoliteness theory.

The comparison is somewhat impeded by Lukašenko being a tacit COVID denier who rejected any compulsive protective measures but nevertheless had to support vaccination. He mercilessly insulted his ministers who tried to impose protective measures on citizens and he tended to conflate online bloggers criticizing his crisis management with his political opponents. Putin backed the vaccination campaign but did not succeed in overcoming the masses’ passive resistance despite a “split-voice” strategy: whereas he officially maintained his image of an unbiased father of the nation, state media such as the TV station “Russia today”, which attacked anti-vaxxers very aggressively, portrayed him as the main decision-maker and ruthless punisher. His publicly pronounced arguments against compulsory vaccination proved very weak.
Exploiting the crisis
Authors: Breeze Ruth , Gintsburg Sarali
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic posed many problems for politicians worldwide, but it also offered an opportunity for some politicians of a populist nature to exploit public fears and tensions by scapegoating migrants, minorities or other countries. In this chapter we follow Moffitt’s (2016) analysis of 21st century populism, in which he shows how crises are constructed discursively by populist leaders, who then stir up antagonism against certain out-groups whom they hold to be responsible for the crisis, and exploit the ensuing polarization in order to gain support. We examine four cases of political exploitation of fake news in which migrants were held responsible for spreading the Covid-19 virus or benefiting from treatment or vaccines before members of the in-group. These four cases are from very different cultural settings (Germany, Spain, Lebanon and India), and they all focus on multimodal evidence. Our analysis shows how each populist leader exploits existing cultural tensions and multimodal repertoires to persuade his/her audience. Although populist politicians draw on a wide range of different visual and textual manifestations embedded into different cultural settings, it is possible to identify certain common key strategies that characterize populist communication in times of crisis.
From risk and responsibility to risk discourse
Authors: Ädel Annelie , Östman Jan-Ola , Höög Catharina Nyström
Published: July 2023

Risk communication is widely researched in the social sciences,
but in linguistics the study of how risk is communicated has not yet formed a
coherent field of its own. In this chapter, we approach risk from a discourse
perspective, aiming to promote the establishment of risk discourse as a field of
study with its own characteristics. We approach the question “What is “risk”?”
through a discourse-linguistic analysis that crucially involves the concept of
responsibility. We show that there is a body of previous research in linguistics
that has dealt with some aspect of risk, but typically without foregrounding risk or
using risk as an analytical tool. We show how this state of affairs also applies to
responsibility. We argue that an understanding of discourse about risk and risk
scenarios needs to be informed by an understanding of the concept of responsibility.
The theoretical point of this chapter is therefore to conceive of and establish this
type of responsibility-embedded Risk Discourse. Throughout the chapter, we discuss
ways in which risk and responsibility can serve as analytical tools in risk
discourse studies. This is illustrated by reference not only to previous research,
but also to the chapters included in the current volume.
Combining governmentality and discourse analysis
Authors: Rasmussen Joel
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces a governmentality approach to issues of
risk and safety, and carves out an analytical framework that combines it with
appraisal analysis. From the perspective of governmentality, responsibilisation is
the social process whereby actors assign/assume various moral duties that benefit
governing purposes. Institutions and organisations are also increasingly trying to
involve and motivate people to manage risk themselves and thus ‘partner’ with them
in large-scale tasks of improving health and safety. Appraisal analysis can help
demonstrate how actors evaluate risks and safety measures and how they assume or
resist positions of responsibility. The analytical model proposed more specifically
aids an examination of how actors appraise (a) what are risks and what should be
protected; (b) safety measures spanning collective and individual protection (or
lack thereof); and (c) safety measures spanning behavioural prompts and risk
elimination. Choices along these dimensions stand in a dialectical relationship to
certain pervasive, global discourses of risk governance. Focus group discussions on
a nuclear power plant (NPP) accident scenario are analysed, for which state agencies
plan to recover contaminated neighbourhoods. The analysis shows that an enduring
inconsistency in the policy of governing risk through the logic of recovery and
individualised responsibility is a risk mitigation strategy that requires that the
risk be considered tolerable by those who are to face it – a condition that is met
only partially. It is therefore likely that such a policy will be met with
resistance in the event of a nuclear accident, as it was after the Fukushima Daiichi
disaster.
Framing risk metaphorically
Authors: Komatsubara Tetsuta
Published: July 2023

As a case of the metaphorical framing of risk, this chapter
aims to explore metaphors of COVID-19 in Japanese, focusing on changes in
metaphorical sources over time and their social backgrounds based on an analysis of
metaphorical expressions in utterances directly quoted in newspaper articles. The
study is based on 2,593 newspaper articles that include the keyword
koronauirusu ‘coronavirus’. The three principal metaphor types
found were opponent in war framing, natural phenomenon in
disaster framing, and path in journey framing. The
temporal change in the number of examples of each metaphor was closely linked to the
“waves” of new infections. The results suggest that a temporal analysis of
metaphorical framing can lead to a deeper understanding of perspective changes in
risk discourse.
“Your health is in your hands”
Authors: Lance Kylie , Matarese Maureen , Friedman Chloe , Diaz Cristina , Coombs Brandon
Published: July 2023

COVID provided researchers an unfortunate but opportune moment
to examine the relationship between disease transmission, public health messaging,
and cultural values. Most studies highlight the effectiveness of collective
messaging and concerns regarding individualist messages. However, these studies
examine COVID message effectiveness from a public health perspective and do not
investigate signs from a linguistic or discourse perspective. Contributing to
research on the linguistic/discursive construction of responsibility and risk (e.g.,
Ädel et al., Chapter 1 in this volume; Östman & Solin 2016) and
research on linguistic landscape (Chun
2022; Shohamy & Gorter
2009), this study uses Scollon and
Scollon’s (2003) Discourses in Place to examine (1)
how responsibility and risk are constructed in storefront COVID signage and (2) how
those constructions index cultural values of individuals and collectivism. Data
include over 500 photographs of COVID-19 storefront signage, including 171
individual, unique signs, gathered across four of New York City’s five boroughs
between September of 2020 and January of 2021. Findings describe both linguistic and
structural (sign layout) constructions of responsibility and risk.
The effects of using machine translation on perceptions of source
credibility
Authors: Lehecka Tomas
Published: July 2023

Machine translation has great potential for increasing the
reach and spread of risk communication in multi-lingual settings. However, the
social psychological effects of communicating via machine translation applications
remain unknown. This study takes a first step to address this research gap. An
online experiment with between-participants design was conducted to investigate the
effects of using machine translation on participants’ perceptions of source
credibility. Participants were asked to navigate a map of a foreign city and follow
the route directions that were given to them by a person in a video either in their
first language or using a machine translation application. Regression models were
used to analyze task performance, perceptions of task difficulty, and perceptions of
source credibility. Contrary to expectations, the results show no significant effect
of using machine translation on the perceptions of source credibility. Implications
for risk communication and future research are discussed.
On security and safety
Authors: Jore Sissel Haugdal
Published: July 2023

Although the concepts of safety and security are often treated
as synonymous, they are increasingly used to distinguish between separate fields of
handling risks: terrorism and other intentional crimes is associated to security,
while safety implies protection from unintentional acts. This chapter investigates
how safety and security, which used to be considered two different phenomena with
different origins and meanings, have now become intertwined through the concept of
risk, not only affecting counterterrorism responsibility but also legitimizing
counterterrorism measures that would not have been accepted previously. Thorough the
concept of risk, terrorism has become not just a threat but a manageable phenomenon
that can be identified, predicted, and handled. By intertwining the discourses of
safety and security, terrorism becomes linked to the responsibility of organizations
and to the management of risk.
An investigation of the formation and pragmatic strategies of “xx-zi”
Authors: Mu Junfang , Zhang Lixin , Chen Yuyang
Published: July 2023

With the stride of technology, new media and online communication bring innovative language phenomena to the fore, in particular, the spread of internet buzzwords. In 2021, the internet buzzword juejuezi gathered momentum on the internet. Enlightened by this online catchword, this paper investigates the popularity behind “xx-zi” and its three types of word-formation, then takes juejuezi derived from “adj.+zi” as the example, conducting a qualitative encoding and analysis of the posts sourced from Weibo based on NVivo 20. Additionally, the study examines the specific pragmatic strategies, such as, praise, compliant and irony, embedded in the posts for further explicating how individuals employ juejuezi to express a chain of connotations in online communication. Notably, the internet buzzword provides channels to mirror the discourse ecology of the internet era, the public’s attitudes and behaviors regarding to shifts of politics, economy and culture change, thus providing a supplement for further research on internet buzzwords.