bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experiences of Hospital Admission in a Single Room for Older Persons With Dementia and Their Families: A Scoping Review
Authors: Søndergaard Susanne Friis , Skov Tina , Andersen Anne Bendix
Published: July 2024

Introduction

When older persons with dementia are admitted to hospital, they often feel disoriented and confused and their cognitive impairment may worsen, purely due to the sudden change in their environment. As such hospital design is recognised as an important aspect in the care and well‐being of older persons with dementia. As the number of persons with dementia is increasing, the experience of admission to a hospital with, for example, single rooms is more relevant than ever.

Aim and Methods

This scoping review aimed to identify, explore and conceptually map the literature reporting on what older people with dementia and their families experienced during admission to a hospital with single room accommodation. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations for undertaking a scoping review. In addition, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) Checklist, which assisted the development and reporting of this scoping review.

Results

We included 10 sources within a time frame of 23 years (1998–2021). The sources originate from Europe, Australia and Canada.

We identified three conceptual maps: Safety and security, Privacy and dignity and Sensorial stimulation. Our review demonstrates that the themes of the three conceptual maps are experienced as mutually interdependent for the older persons with dementia and their families.

Conclusion

We conclude that it is not merely the single room design that determines what the older persons with dementia and their families experience as important; the exposure to sensorial stimulation and the presence of well‐trained staff taking a dignified patient‐centred approach are also crucial for their experience of high‐quality nursing care.
Psychologists' experience of working with people who hear voices and their views on the idea of voice simulation training: A qualitative study
Authors: Hignett Rebecca , Curran Rebecca , Fisher Helen L. , Riches Simon
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Research indicates psychologists typically lack subjective understanding of voice hearing. Voice hearing simulation training has potential to improve understanding, empathy and confidence among clinicians, but psychologists have had limited input into its development. This study investigated psychologists' and a psychotherapist's clinical experience of working with people who hear voices and their views and recommendations for voice hearing simulation training.

Design

This was a qualitative study.

Methods

Clinical psychologists and one psychotherapist (N = 17) participated in semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse transcribed data.

Results

The Clinical Experience theme comprised of subthemes Barriers to engagement, Diversity of voice hearing experiences, Lack of subjective understanding, Curiosity about voice hearing, Empathy for voice hearers, Using personal experiences to relate to voices, Clinical experience increases knowledge, Importance of supervision and colleague's support, Benefits of experiential training, Limited training in non‐psychosis settings and Clinical experience increases confidence. The Views on Voice Hearing Simulation Training theme comprised of subthemes Improves subjective understanding, Concern about distress, Discomfort as a strength of voice hearing simulations, Artificiality of simulation, Increases empathy and Over‐estimation of understanding. The Recommendations theme comprised of subthemes Discuss artificiality, Co‐production, Promote voice diversity, Support staff and Maximise inclusivity.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that clinical experience improves psychologists' confidence and knowledge, yet participants reported a lack of subjective understanding of voice hearing. Co‐produced simulation training between individuals who hear voices and clinicians was anticipated to improve subjective understanding, empathy and therapeutic relationships, which could support a range of staff and improve quality of care delivered.
Genome wide association study and meta‐analysis identified multiple new risk loci for freckles in 4813 Chinese individuals
Authors: Luo Sihan , Li Zhuo , Wang Minhao , Liu Zhili , Wang Daiyue , Bai Yuanming , Ge Huiyao , Yu Yafen , Yu Yanxia , Chen Weiwei , Wang Yirui , Zhang Chang , Yu Jing , Song Can , Lv Chengzhi , Zhen Qi , Han Yang , Sun Liangdan
Published: July 2024

Freckle is a prevalent pigmentary dermatosis with an obvious hereditary component. Dozens of freckles risk loci have been discovered through research on multiple traits or other diseases, rather than as an independent trait. To discover novel variants associated with freckles, we performed GWAS and meta‐analysis in 4813 Chinese individuals. We conducted GWAS and meta‐analysis of two cohorts: 197 patients and 1603 controls (Cohort I), and 336 patients and 2677 controls (Cohort II), both from China. Then we performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, eQTL study, and enrichment analysis with association results for functional implications. Finally, we discovered 59 new SNPs and 13 novel susceptibility genes associated with freckles (Pmeta <5 × 10−8), which has enriched the genetic research on freckles.
Trichoscopic findings in neonatal alopecia in oro‐facial‐digital syndrome type 1
Authors: Martinez‐Molina Manel , Carmona‐Rocha Elena , Gil‐Lianes Javier , Yubero Delia , Casas‐Alba Dídac , Baselga Eulàlia , Ivars Marta
Published: July 2024

Oral–facial–digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) is an X‐linked dominant development disorder due to mutations in the OFD1 gene. It is characterized by facial, oral, and digital malformations, although expression is variable. Skin manifestations are frequent (20%–30% of patients) and characterized by evanescent milia and patchy alopecia. Trichoscopic findings (broken hairs, black dots, pili torti) can resemble tinea capitis, although such findings have not been well characterized. High clinical suspicion of ectodermal dysplasia‐like syndromes due to trichoscopy findings, absence of response to long‐term antifungal therapy, and the presence of midline anomalies can raise suspicion for OFD1, which can be confirmed by genetic testing and enable diagnosis.
Placing a child's or partner's needs above my own: Impacts on a couple's sexual relationship
Authors: Vowels Laura M. , Sisson Natalie M. , Darwiche Joëlle , Impett Emily A.
Published: July 2024

Parent couples often struggle to maintain satisfying sex lives perhaps because partners have different priorities to balance including the self, their relationship with each other, and their relationships with their children. Given that parents are increasingly involved in supporting adult children, it is important to examine how prioritization of other's needs over one's own shapes a couple's sexual relationship. In a sample of 179 parent couples with university student children living at home, we examined whether prioritizing one's partner's (i.e., partner‐centrism) and/or their child's (i.e., child‐centrism) needs above one's own were associated with couples' sexual relationship outcomes (sexual desire, satisfaction, and frequency). The results showed that higher partner‐centrism was positively associated with sexual satisfaction for both men and women. Having a partner who prioritized them and not their child was beneficial for men's sexual relationship. In contrast, it was important for highly child‐centric women that their partner was also child‐centric. The findings highlight the importance of examining the ways in which parents prioritize their own and other family members' needs when working with couples. It may be especially beneficial for men's outcomes when they feel prioritized and for women when they feel that their partner shares their goal to prioritize children.
Imidacloprid‐associated toxicity in the midgut of Sarcophaga ruficornis: Exploring histopathological, ultrastructural and biochemical alterations
Authors: Mirza Beenish , Amir Mohammad
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of imidacloprid insecticide, on the flesh fly Sarcophaga ruficornis, (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a medically and veterinary significant species associated with myiasis. Lethal (0.02%) and sub‐lethal (0.004%) doses were administered over 24 and 48 h, focusing on midgut histopathological, ultrastructural and biochemical alterations. Imidacloprid‐induced disruptions in physiological and metabolic functions, leading to adult fly mortality. Histological and cytological analyses revealed significant cellular changes, including cell degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, chromatin condensation, irregular epithelial borders, disrupted peritrophic membrane and the release of cell components into the midgut lumen. Biochemical analyses demonstrated a decrease in total protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents, correlating with insecticide concentration and duration. Antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), resulted in a significant increase compared to the control, proportional to time and concentration. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of imidacloprid‐induced toxicity in the midgut of Sarcophaga ruficornis, emphasizing its potential for effective pest population management.
Therapeutic effect of NEO400, perillyl alcohol conjugated to linoleic acid, in a mouse model of UV‐induced skin damage
Authors: Swenson Stephen , Silva‐Hirschberg Catalina , Freeland Liliana , Chen Kristen L. , Marín‐Ramos Nagore I. , Schönthal Axel H. , Chen Thomas C.
Published: July 2024

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes harmful effects on human skin. Pre‐exposure application of sunscreen can be protective, but not after damage already has occurred. There is a need for agents that can be applied post‐UVR exposure to repair the damage. We investigated a novel compound, NEO400, that appears to meet this medicinal need. NEO400 was created by conjugating linoleic acid to perillyl alcohol. UVR was repeatedly administered to the skin of mice over several weeks, where it caused the typical signs of UV damage, including scaling of the skin, DNA damage, and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines. However, when NEO400 was applied immediately post‐UVR, it triggered the appearance of markers for dermal stem cell proliferation, and no signs of skin damage emerged. Furthermore, when NEO400 was applied to skin that already had incurred significant damage, it accelerated skin healing. When applied individually, linoleic acid and perillyl alcohol were ineffective, indicating that they had to be conjugated in order to exert therapeutic efficacy. None of these skin‐protective effects could be achieved with Aloe vera gel, a popular and widely used post‐exposure remedy. Our study suggests that NEO400 holds potential as a regenerative treatment for excessively UVR‐exposed skin.
Surviving adversity: Exploring the presence of Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum. on metal‐polluted mining waste
Authors: De Agostini A. , Cortis P. , Robustelli della Cuna F. S. , Soddu F. , Sottani C. , Tangredi D. N. , Guarino F. , Cogoni A. , Vacca A. , Sanna C.
Published: July 2024

The tailings dump of Barraxiutta (Sardinia, Italy) contains considerable concentrations of heavy metals and, consequently, is scarcely colonized by plants. However, wild populations of the liverwort Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum. form dense and healthy‐looking carpets on this tailing dump.

L. cruciata colonizing the tailing dump was compared with a control population growing in a pristine environment in terms of: (i) pollutant content, (ii) photochemical efficiency, and (iii) volatile secondary metabolites in thalli extracts.

L. cruciata maintained optimal photosynthesis despite containing considerable amounts of soil pollutants in its thalli and had higher sesquiterpene content compared to control plants.

Sesquiterpenes have a role in plant stress resistance and adaptation to adverse environments. In the present study, we propose enhanced sesquiterpenes featuring Contaminated L. cruciata as a defence strategy implemented in the post‐mining environment.
Problem exposure and problem solving: The impact of regulatory regimes on citizens' trust in regulated sectors
Authors: Guo Yue , Zhai Tianhao , Huang Hao , Wang Luozhong
Published: July 2024

A wealth of studies has discussed the impact of different regulatory regimes on firms, but have ignored the differences in citizens' attitudes toward firms in different regulatory regimes. Exploring these attitudes is crucial to understanding the micro‐effects of regulatory regimes and market developments. This study aims to investigates the impact of regulatory regimes on citizens' trust in regulated sectors and uncovers the underlying impact mechanisms. Using a survey experiment within the context of algorithm regulation (N = 1224), we reveal that the coerciveness of regulatory regimes positively influences citizens' trust in regulated firms. Furthermore, we identify problem‐solving and problem exposure perceptions as key mediators in this relationship. The findings contribute to the ongoing debate between regulation and trust, shedding light on their interplay in contemporary society and providing practical implications for policymakers and businesses navigating complex regulatory landscapes.
The informal economy and the reach of policy interventions: Evidence from the COVID‐19 lockdown in India
Authors: Zhirnov Andrei , Adeel Abdul Basit
Published: July 2024

This essay examines the influence of the informal economy on the reach of government interventions in public health crises. It reports the results of an analysis of the self‐reported suspension of business operations during the pandemic, as well as a district‐level analysis of the changing patterns in community movement in response to the lockdown in India in March 2020. We find that informal establishments were less likely to suspend their operations and that the prevalence of the informal economy weakened the behavioral response of the communities to social distancing measures. In addition to bringing to light an understudied facet of the societal response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, this result demonstrates the importance of economic institutions for understanding public governance.
Metagenomics reveals unique gut mycobiome biomarkers in psoriasis
Authors: Wang Xuan , Sun Jiaxin , Zhang Xiandan , Chen Wei , Cao Jing , Hu Huimin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In present, the diagnosis of psoriasis is mainly based on the patient's typical clinical manifestations, dermoscopy and skin biopsy, and unlike other immune diseases, psoriasis lacks specific indicators in the blood. Therefore, we are required to search novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed the composition and the differences of intestinal fungal communities between psoriasis patients and healthy individuals in order to find the intestinal fungal communities associated with the diagnosis of psoriasis. We built a machine learning model and identified potential microbial markers for the diagnosis of psoriasis.

Results

The results of AUROC (area under ROC) showed that Aspergillus puulaauensis (AUROC = 0.779), Kazachstania africana (AUROC = 0.750) and Torulaspora delbrueckii (AUROC = 0.745) had high predictive ability (AUROC > 0.7) for predicting psoriasis, While Fusarium keratoplasticum (AUROC = 0.670) was relatively lower (AUROC < 0.7).

Conclusion

The strategy based on the prediction of intestinal fungal communities provides a new idea for the diagnosis of psoriasis and is expected to become an auxiliary diagnostic method for psoriasis.
Target enrichment museomics of the Asian long‐horned beetle and its relatives (Cerambycidae: Anoplophora) reveals two independent origins of life in the cold
Authors: Kim Sangil , Farrell Brian D.
Published: July 2024

Resolving a robust phylogeny of an organismal group is often hindered by the limited availability of samples suitable for genomic or transcriptomic sequencing. Even for lineages of notable importance in evolutionary ecology, our phylogenetic comprehension remains largely unsatisfactory due to the challenges of acquiring samples across the clade. The long‐horned beetle genus Anoplophora Hope exemplifies such a group, globally renowned for two invasive pests—the Asian long‐horned beetle and citrus long‐horned beetle—which have inflicted significant damage to deciduous hardwood forest in North America and Europe. In contrast to the two temperate pests, the remaining 50 species in the genus inhabit subtropical forests of Southeast Asia, where most species are only infrequently encountered. Here, we present the first comprehensive phylogeny of Anoplophora using a PCR‐based target enrichment museomics approach. As a case study of employing PCR‐generated custom probes, we demonstrate the robustness and cost‐effectiveness of this in‐house method in successfully acquiring sequence data from historical specimens. Through extensive sampling of Anoplophora using museum specimens, we reveal a non‐sister relationship between the two temperate species and provide evidence for addressing taxonomic conundrums. Our biogeographical analyses indicate that the adaptation of the two temperate species occurred independently during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene after the establishment of temperate forests in East Asia in the late Miocene. Our findings highlight the importance of comprehensive phylogenetic inference in understanding the patterns and processes of these beetles' adaptation to temperate forests and lay the groundwork for investigating the genetic mechanism underlying life in the cold.
Ex vivo evaluation of the soft tissue components of the equine stifle using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging under flexion, extension, and loading
Authors: Stedman Jocelyn M , Lutter J Dylan , Hallman Clay , Laverty Sheila , Richard Hélène , Santschi Elizabeth M
Published: July 2024

High‐field MRI of the equine stifle provides high‐resolution information about soft tissues that is useful in the diagnosis of stifle lameness. The aim of this prospective anatomic study was to describe the appearance, position, size, and shape of the equine femorotibial ligaments, meniscal ligaments, and menisci using 3 Tesla MRI under extended, extended‐loaded, and flexed conditions. Additionally, histologic examination of the collateral and cruciate ligaments (CLs) of a single stifle was performed to compare with MRI images. In extension, mild variations in MRI signal intensity were apparent in the CLs, and the cranial had two distinct longitudinal regions indicating two ligament bundles. Flexion had minor effects on CL signal intensity and altered the tibial angles of attachment. Histology indicated that both CLs were comprised of two fiber bundles. The collateral ligaments were the same low‐signal intensity. The medial collateral ligament had a smaller cross‐sectional area than the lateral, and flexion increased the length of the medial collateral ligament and the cross‐sectional area of the lateral. Low loads in extension did not affect the MRI appearance of stifle soft tissues. Flexion of the stifle impacted cruciate ligament insertion angles and the size and shape of collateral ligaments. This study provides support for the use of MRI to understand the anatomy and function of stifle ligaments.
Linear and discrete foreign body small intestinal obstruction outcomes, complication risk factors, and single incision red rubber catheter technique success in cats
Authors: Miller Annellie Kaitlin , Regier Penny Jean , Ham Kathleen Marie , Case Joseph Bradly , Fisher Kristina Janine , Rogers Jessika Mary , Daly Edward James , Colee James Christopher
Published: July 2024

Objective

To compare survival and report perioperative complications in cats undergoing surgery for small intestinal (SI) linear (LFBO) and discrete (DFBO) foreign body obstructions (FBO). To report success of a red rubber catheter technique (RRCT) to remove LFBOs.

Study design

Retrospective study.

Animals

Client‐owned cats (n = 169).

Methods

Medical records of cats undergoing surgery for SI FBO from a veterinary teaching hospital between February 2012 and January 2023 were classified as LFBO, DFBO, or both linear and discrete FBO (BFBO). Signalment and perioperative data were collected.

Results

Preoperative hypoalbuminemia (LFBO: n = 1/6; DFBO: n = 5/6) and septic peritonitis (LFBO: n = 2/4; DFBO: n = 0/4; BFBO: n = 2/4) were rare. Intraoperative hypotension did not differ between LFBOs and DFBOs (p = .4756). RRCT was successful in 20/24 attempts of LFBO removal. Three cats were euthanized intraoperatively (LFBO: 1; DFBO: 1; BFBO: 1). Postoperatively, two cats (DFBO) experienced intestinal dehiscence and two cats (DFBO) died or were euthanized. Survival to discharge (p = 1.0000) and postoperative complications (p = .1386) did not differ between LFBOs and DFBOs.

Conclusions

Postoperative complications and survival did not differ between cats with LFBOs and DFBOs. Intestinal dehiscence secondary to FBO in cats is rare. A RRCT can be successful in many cats with LFBOs.

Clinical significance

Cats with LFBOs and DFBOs have similar postoperative complication rates and survival to discharge when preoperative septic peritonitis is not present. Intestinal dehiscence is rare, which is important when discussing surgical prognosis with owners. A RRCT can be considered to remove LFBOs when there is concern for multiple enterotomies.
Quantumness of gravitational cat states in correlated dephasing channels
Authors: Haddadi Saeed , Ghominejad Mehrdad , Czerwinski Artur
Published: July 2024

We study the quantumness of gravitational cat states in correlated dephasing channels. Our focus is on exploring how classical correlations between successive actions of a dephasing channel influence the decoherence of two gravitational cats (two qubits) at a thermal regime. The results show that the quantum coherence, local quantum Fisher information, and Bell non-locality can be significantly enhanced by augmenting classical correlations throughout the entire duration when the two qubits pass the channel. However, the gravitational interaction and energy gap between states exhibit intricate impacts on the quantum characteristics of gravitational cats. New features are reported that can be significant for both gravitational physics and quantum information processing.
Exploring the time axis within medium-modified jets
Authors: Apolinario Liliana , Guerrero-Rodríguez Pablo , Zapp Korinna
Published: July 2024

In this manuscript, we illustrate how to use the newly proposed $$\tau $$
τ
re-clustering algorithm to select jets with different degrees of quenching without biasing their initial transverse momentum spectrum. Our study is based on Z+jet simulated events using the JEWEL Monte Carlo event generator to account for jet quenching effects. We apply the $$\tau $$
τ
re-clustering algorithm to extract a proxy for a time axis (formation time) within the evolving medium. This information allows us to label jets according to their fragmentation pattern and select populations with enhanced sensitivity to quenching effects. Our results illustrate the potential of jets as precision tools for QGP tomography. Further, we show that the discussed method minimizes the biases stemming from $$p_{T}$$

p
T

-, $$\Delta R$$

Δ
R

- or mass-based jet selection.
Non-gaussian Saha’s ionization in Rindler spacetime and the equivalence principle
Authors: Sales L. L. , Carvalho F. C.
Published: July 2024

We investigate the non-Gaussian effects of the Saha equation in Rindler space via Tsallis statistics. By considering a system with cylindrical geometry, we deduce the non-Gaussian Saha ionization equation for a partially ionized hydrogen plasma that expands with uniform acceleration. We demonstrate conditions for the validity of the equivalence principle within the realms of both Boltzmann–Gibbs and Tsallis statistics. In the non-Gaussian framework, our findings reveal that the effective binding energy exhibits a quadratic dependence on the frame acceleration, in contrast to the linear dependence predicted by Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics. We show that an accelerated observer shall notice a more pronounced effect on the effective binding energy for $$a>0$$

a
>
0

and a more attenuated one when $$a<0$$

a
<
0

. We also ascertain that an accelerated observer will measure values of q smaller than those measured in the rest frame. Besides, assuming the equivalence principle, we examine the effects of the gravitational field on the photoionization of hydrogen atoms and pair production. We show that both photoionization and pair production are more intensely suppressed in regions with a strong gravitational field in a non-Gaussian context than in the Boltzmann–Gibbs framework. Lastly, constraints on the gravitational field and the electron and positron chemical potentials are derived.
Enhancement noise margin and delay time performance of novel punch-through nMOS for single-carrier CMOS
Authors: Lin Jyi-Tsong , Xie Pei-Zhang , Lee Wei-Han
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose the use of punch-through nMOS (PTnMOS) as an alternative to pMOS in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. According to the TCAD simulation results, PTnMOS exhibit sub-threshold characteristics similar to those of pMOS and can be formed by simply changing the doping concentration of the source and drain. Without the need for sizing, which solves the area occupation problem caused by the need to increase the width of pMOS due to insufficient hole mobility. In addition, we compose a PTnMOS and nMOS without sizing to form a single-carrier CMOS in which only electrons are transmitted, and We extract its performance for comparison with conventional CMOS (Wp/Wn = 1). The results indicate that single-carrier CMOS has symmetric noise margin and 29% faster delay time compared to conventional CMOS (Wp/Wn = 1). If III–V or II–VI group materials could be applied to single-carrier CMOS, not only could costs be reduced and wafer area occupancy minimized, but also significant improvements in the performance and bandwidth application of microwave circuits could be achieved.
Transcriptome analysis of Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum americanum leaves in response to high-phosphorus stress
Authors: Zhao Lili , Zhao Xin , Huang Lei , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Puchang
Published: July 2024

Excessive phosphorus (P) levels can disrupt nutrient balance in plants, adversely affecting growth. The molecular responses of Pennisetum species to high phosphorus stress remain poorly understood. This study examined two Pennisetum species, Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum americanum, under varying P concentrations (200, 600 and 1000 µmol·L− 1 KH2PO4) to elucidate transcriptomic alterations under high-P conditions. Our findings revealed that P. americanum exhibited stronger adaption to high-P stress compared to P. americanum× P. purpureum. Both species showed an increase in plant height and leaf P content under elevated P levels, with P. americanum demonstrating greater height and higher P content than P. americanum× P. purpureum. Transcriptomic analysis identified significant up- and down-regulation of key genes (e.g. SAUR, GH3, AHP, PIF4, PYL, GST, GPX, GSR, CAT, SOD1, CHS, ANR, P5CS and PsbO) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, peroxisomes, flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis and photosynthesis pathways. Compared with P. americanum× P. purpureum, P. americanum has more key genes in the KEGG pathway, and some genes have higher expression levels. These results contribute valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms governing high-P stress in Pennisetum species and offer implications for broader plant stress research.
Genome-wide analysis of wheat xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family revealed TaXTH17 involved in abiotic stress responses
Authors: Bi Huihui , Liu Zeliang , Liu Shanshan , Qiao Wenchen , Zhang Kunpu , Zhao Minghui , Wang Daowen
Published: July 2024

Background

Environmental stresses, including high salinity and drought, severely diminish wheat yield and quality globally. The xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family represents a class of cell wall-modifying enzymes and plays important roles in plants growth, development and stress adaptation. However, systematic analyses of XTH family genes and their functions under salt and drought stresses have not been undertaken in wheat.

Results

In this study, we identified a total of 135 XTH genes in wheat, which were clustered into three evolutionary groups. These TaXTHs were unevenly distributed on 21 chromosomes of wheat with a majority of TaXTHs located on homelogous groups 2, 3 and 7. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplication were the main reasons for the expansion of XTH family in wheat. Interaction network predictions indicated that TaXTHs could interact with multiple proteins, including three kinases, one methyltransferase and one gibberellin-regulated protein. The promoters of the TaXTH genes harbored various cis-acting elements related to stress and hormone responses. RNA-seq data analyses showed that some TaXTH genes were induced by salt and drought stresses. Furthermore, we verified that TaXTH17 was induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments, and demonstrated that TaXTH17 was localized in the secretory pathway and cell wall. Functional analyses conducted in heterologous expression systems and in wheat established that TaXTH17 plays a negative role in plant resistance to salt and drought.

Conclusions

We identified 135 XTH genes in wheat and conducted comprehensive analyses of their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, gene duplication events, chromosome locations, interaction networks, cis-acting elements and gene expression patterns. Furthermore, we provided solid evidence supporting the notion that TaXTH17 plays a negative role in plant resistance to salt and drought stresses. Collectively, our results provide valuable insights into understanding wheat XTHs, particularly their involvement in plant stress responses, and establish a foundation for further functional and mechanistic studies of TaXTHs.
A multifaceted risk management program to improve the reporting rate of patient safety incidents in primary care: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chaneliere Marc , Buchet-Poyau Karine , Keriel-Gascou Maud , Rabilloud Muriel , Colin Cyrille , Langlois-Jacques Carole , Touzet Sandrine
Published: July 2024

Background

While patient safety incident reporting is of key importance for patient safety in primary care, the reporting rate by healthcare professionals remains low. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a risk management program in increasing the reporting rate within multiprofessional primary care facilities.

Methods

A nation-wide cluster-randomised controlled trial was performed in France, with each cluster defined as a primary care facility. The intervention included professional e-learning training, identification of a risk management advisor, and multidisciplinary meetings to address incident analysis. In the first observational period, a patient safety incident reporting system for professionals was implemented in all facilities. Then, facilities were randomised, and the program was implemented. Incidents were reported over the 15-month study period. Quasi-Poisson models were used to compare reporting rates.

Results

Thirty-five facilities (intervention, n = 17; control, n = 18) were included, with 169 and 232 healthcare professionals, respectively, involved. Overall, 7 out of 17 facilities carried out the entire program (41.2%), while 6 did not hold meetings (35.3%); 48.5% of professionals logged on to the e-learning website. The relative rate of incidents reported was 2.7 (95% CI = [0.84–11.0]; p = 0.12). However, a statistically significant decrease in the incident rate between the pre-intervention and post-intervention periods was observed for the control arm (HR = 0.2; 95% CI = [0.05–0.54]; p = 0.02), but not for the intervention arm (HR = 0.54; 95% CI = [0.2–1.54]; p = 0.23).

Conclusion

This program didn’t lead to a significant improvement in the patient safety incident reporting rate by professionals but seemed to sustain reporting over time. Considering that the program was fully implemented in only 41% of facilities, this highlights the difficulty of implementing such multidisciplinary programs in primary care despite its adaptation to the setting. A better understanding of how risk management is currently organized in these multiprofessional facilities is of key importance to improve patient safety in primary care.

Trial registrations

The study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02403388) on 30 March 2015.
Normality and compassionate care: experiences from advanced cancer patients in their last time at home
Authors: Driller Bardo , Maienborn Carolin , Aasen Elin Margrethe , Kolstrøm Adriana , Talseth-Palmer Bente , Hole Torstein , Strømskag Kjell Erik , Brenne Anne-Tove
Published: July 2024

Background

Many cancer patients prefer to receive palliative treatment at home, as it allows them to be in a familiar and comfortable environment. Integrating Advance Care Planning (ACP) into routine practice in primary healthcare helps patients and their relatives prepare for end-of-life (EoL) care in accordance with patients’ preferences. This includes the option to spend their final days at home if desired. The aim of this study was to gain insights from experiences of advanced seriously ill cancer patients at home while receiving palliative treatment and being engaged in ACP within primary healthcare settings.

Method

This study employed a qualitative design, utilizing individual, semi-structured interviews that were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis, employing an abductive approach with a latent-level focus. The study included interviews with 12 participants with cancer who were receiving palliative care, had an estimated lifetime under 3 months, and had undergone an organized ACP approach in primary healthcare, documented with a palliative plan.

Results

Participants emphasized the importance of (1) Preserving normality at home, maintaining a sense of routine, comfort, and familiarity in the face of present and future challenges. The top obstacles for success identified by participants included (1a) The challenge of deterioration and the dual aspects of (1b) The value and burden of family caregivers. Cancer treatment placed a significant demand on patients due to side effects. Family caregivers played a crucial role for participants, providing support in daily life and serving as a key factor in the overall decision to which extend they are able to involve in support and care at home in the future. (2) Compassionate health care personnel (HCP) made a difference by fostering a culture of understanding participants’ concerns, fears, and preferences, which was a key element that built and maintained trust for the participants. (3) Preparing for the future, especially EoL discussions initiated by healthcare personnel, was deemed important but, at times, uncomfortable for participants as it confronted them with reality. Guidance from ACP provided them with a sense of certainty and control.

Conclusion

Preserving normality at home, along with the desire to stay at home for as long as possible, is a crucial goal for advanced cancer patients. Consistent professional communication and care in primary healthcare play a key role in building and maintaining trust, as well as fostering a sense of certainty and control for the participants.
Prevalence of skin diseases among elderly prisoners in Taiwan: an examination of skin health in prison
Authors: Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Yang Yu-Pei , Wang Yen-Chun , Chien Ching-Wen , Tung Tao-Hsin
Published: July 2024

Background

Although prisoner health is a topic of significant importance, it has received limited attention in epidemiological studies, likely due to challenges in obtaining data. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of skin diseases among elderly prisoners in Taiwan.

Methods

We examined the presence of skin diseases in 2215 elderly prisoners based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Additionally, the most common types of skin diseases among elderly prisoners in Taiwan were identified.

Results

The prevalence of skin diseases among prisoners was estimated to be 55.03%. Elderly men prisoners exhibited a higher prevalence of skin diseases than the women prisoners. The most common skin diseases observed were as follows: contact dermatitis and other forms of eczema; pruritus and related conditions; cellulitis and abscesses; and urticaria.

Conclusion

Skin diseases were identified in more than half of the elderly prisoners. The overall quality of life of elderly prisoners can be improved by addressing their skin health, which would contribute to the fulfilment of their basic human rights.

Clinical trials number

NA.
Obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic obesity phenotypes, and Helicobacter pylori infection: results from NHANES 1999–2000
Authors: Chen Danni , Wang Shiling , Yang Wei , Lu Hong , Ren Qian
Published: July 2024

Background

Recent studies on the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and obesity have reported conflicting results. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the association of obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic obesity phenotypes with H. pylori infection.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 1568 participants aged 20 to 85 was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle 1999–2000. Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the association of general obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHtR), and metabolic obesity phenotypes with H. pylori seropositivity. Subgroup analyses stratified by age were conducted to explore age-specific differences in this association.

Results

After grouping individuals according to their WHtR, the prevalence rate of WHtR ≥ 0.5 in H. pylori-seropositive participants was significantly higher than that in H. pylori-seronegative participants (79.75 vs. 68.39, P < 0.001). The prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity in non-abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity defined by WHtR was 24.97% and 31.80%, respectively (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted association between abdominal obesity, as defined by the WHtR, and H. pylori seropositivity was significant in subjects aged < 50 years (OR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.24–4.01; P = 0.01) but not in subjects aged ≥ 50 years (OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.35–1.99; P = 0.66). Subjects older than 50 years old had an OR (95% CI) for metabolically healthy obesity of 0.04 (0.01–0.35) compared with the control group. H. pylori seropositivity was consistently not associated with obesity as defined by BMI.

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity, as defined by the WHtR, was associated with H. pylori infection in subjects aged ≤ 50 years.
Management of patient with Fusobacterim nucletum related pleural empyema: intrapleural antibiotic therapy can be considered for salvage therapy
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Li Jing , Sun Zhanfei , Zhang Shu , Ma Li , Liu Xiaomei , Yang Xiaoyun , Ai Junqiang , YuanSong  , Sun Liang , Li Xuewen , He Tao , Xiao Yueyong , Gao Hongmei , Yuan Fei
Published: July 2024

Pleural empyema can lead to significant morbidity and mortality despite chest drainage and antibiotic treatment, necessitating novel and minimally invasive interventions. Fusobacterium nucleatum is an obligate anaerobe found in the human oral and gut microbiota. Advances in sequencing and puncture techniques have made it common to detect anaerobic bacteria in empyema cases. In this report, we describe the case of a 65-year-old man with hypertension who presented with a left-sided encapsulated pleural effusion. Initial fluid analysis using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aspergillus chevalieri. Unfortunately, the patient experienced worsening pleural effusion despite drainage and antimicrobial therapy. Ultimately, successful treatment was achieved through intrapleural metronidazole therapy in conjunction with systemic antibiotics. The present case showed that intrapleural antibiotic therapy is a promising measure for pleural empyema.
Efficacy of relational agents for loneliness across age groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sha Sia , Loveys Kate , Qualter Pamela , Shi Haoran , Krpan Dario , Galizzi Matteo
Published: July 2024

Background

Loneliness is a serious public health concern. Although previous interventions have had some success in mitigating loneliness, the field is in search of novel, more effective, and more scalable solutions. Here, we focus on “relational agents”, a form of software agents that are increasingly powered by artificial intelligence and large language models (LLMs). We report on a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of relational agents on loneliness across age groups.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 11 databases including Ovid MEDLINE and Embase from inception to Sep 16, 2022. We included randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies of interventions published in English across all age groups. These loneliness interventions, typically attempt to improve social skills, social support, social interaction, and maladaptive cognitions. Peer-reviewed journal articles, books, book chapters, Master’s and PhD theses, or conference papers were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias via the RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. We calculated pooled estimates of Hedge’s g in a random-effects meta-analysis and conducted sensitivity and sub-group analyses. We evaluated publication bias via funnel plots, Egger’s test, and a trim-and-fill algorithm.

Findings

Our search identified 3,935 records of which 14 met eligibility criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. Included studies comprised 286 participants with individual study sample sizes ranging from 4 to 42 participants (x̄ = 20.43, s = 11.58, x̃ = 20). We used a Bonferroni correction with αBonferroni = 0.05 / 4 = 0.0125 and applied Knapp-Hartung adjustments. Relational agents reduced loneliness significantly at an adjusted αBonferroni (g = -0.552; 95% Knapp-Hartung CI, -0.877 to -0.226; P = 0.003), which corresponds to a moderate reduction in loneliness.

Conclusion

Our results are currently the most comprehensive of their kind and provide promising evidence for the efficacy of relational agents. Relational agents are a promising technology that can alleviate loneliness in a scalable way and that can be a meaningful complement to other approaches. The advent of LLMs should boost their efficacy, and further research is needed to explore the optimal design and use of relational agents. Future research could also address shortcomings of current results, such as small sample sizes and high risk of bias. Particularly young audiences have been overlooked in past research.
HIV and gender identity expression among transfeminine people in the Western Cape, South Africa – a thematic analysis of data from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial
Authors: de Villiers Laing , Swartz Leslie , Bock Peter , Seeley Janet , Stangl Anne L. , Bond Virginia , Hargreaves James , Hoddinott Graeme
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Transfeminine people in South Africa have a high HIV risk due to structural, behavioural, and psychosocial factors. Transfeminine people and feminine identifying men who have sex with men (MSM) are often conflated or grouped with transgender or MSM categories in HIV service programming, although they don’t necessarily identify as either. We aimed to investigate gender expression among feminine identifying people who were assigned male at birth. We examined how local conceptualizations of sexuality and gender intersect with the key population label of ‘transgender’ imported into local HIV programming.

Methods

A qualitative cohort nested within the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial included longitudinal, in-depth interviews with eight transfeminine people (four who disclosed as living with HIV). Data were collected approximately every six weeks between January 2016 and October 2017. We used a combination of thematic analysis and case study descriptions to explore gender identification among participants.

Results

Of the eight participants, only one accepted ‘transgender’ as a label, and even she used varying terms at different times to describe her identity. For participants, a feminine identity included dressing in normatively feminine clothes; using feminine terms, pronouns and names; and adopting stereotypically feminine mannerisms. Participants would switch between typically feminine and masculine norms in response to contextual cues and audience. For example, some participants accepted identification as masculine gay men amongst their family members. Among peers, they expressed their identity through typically more effeminate gender characteristics, for example self-identifying as “femgay”. With partners they often also took on a feminine identity role, for example identifying as women in sexual and romantic relationships (meaning they viewed and expressed themselves as the feminine partner in the relationship).

Conclusions

Our findings are amongst the first exploratory and descriptive data of transfeminine people in South Africa. We show how transfeminine people navigate fluid gender identities that could pose a challenge for accessing and utilizing HIV services that are currently set up for transgender individuals or MSM. More work needs to be done to understand and respond to the diverse and shifting ways people experience their gender identities in this high HIV burden context.
Understanding health literacy in men: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mursa Ruth , Patterson Christopher , McErlean Gemma , Halcomb Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Background

Males have a shorter life expectancy than females. Men are less likely to seek the advice of a health professional or utilise preventive health services and programs. This study seeks to explore health literacy and the characteristics affecting this among Australian men.

Methods

Four hundred and thirty-one adult males engaged with the New South Wales Rural Fire Service, completed an online cross-sectional survey, undertaken from September – November 2022. The survey tool captured demographic data, health status and lifestyle risk characteristics. Health literacy was measured using the 44-item Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations, were used to describe the sample. Interferential statistics, including the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis Test, were used to explore differences between demographics and HLQ scales.

Results

For the first 5 scales (4-point Likert scale), the lowest score was seen for ‘Appraisal of health information’ (Mean 2.81; SD 0.52) and the highest score was seen for ‘Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers ’ (Mean 3.08; SD 0.64). For the other 4 scales (5-point Likert scale), the lowest score was seen for ‘Navigating the healthcare system’ (Mean 3.74; SD 0.69). The highest score was seen for ‘Understand health information well enough to know what to do’ (Mean 4.10; SD 0.53). Age, income level and living in an urban/rural location were significantly related to health literacy scales.

Conclusions

This study provides new insight into men’s health literacy and the factors impacting it. This knowledge can inform future strategies to promote men’s engagement with health services and preventive care.