bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practicing Community: Class, Culture and Power in an Urban Neighborhood.
Authors: Vasiliadis Peter
Published: November 2004

Practicing Community: Class, Culture and Power in an Urban Neighborhood. Rhoda H. Halperin. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998. 352 pp.
Hog Ties: Pigs, Manure, and Mortality in American Culture.
Authors: Moffatt Michael
Published: November 2004

Hog Ties: Pigs, Manure, and Mortality in American Culture. Richard P. Horwitz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.306 pp.
Corporate Futures: The Diffusion of the Culturally Sensitive Corporate Form.
Authors: Stout Charles
Published: November 2004

Corporate Futures: The Diffusion of the Culturally Sensitive Corporate Form. George E. Marcus. ed. Chicago; University of Chicago Press, 1998. 353 pp.
Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience.
Authors: Pollock Donald
Published: November 2004

Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience. Cheryl Mattingly. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 192 pp.
Japanese Working Class Lives: An Ethnographic Study of Factory Workers.
Authors: Simcock Bradford
Published: November 2004

Japanese Working Class Lives: An Ethnographic Study of Factory Workers. James E. Roberson. New York: Routledge, 1998. 227 pp.
Western Rationality and the Angel of Dreams: Self, Psyche, Dreaming.
Authors: Bourguignon Erika
Published: November 2004

Western Rationality and the Angel of Dreams: Self, Psyche, Dreaming. Murray L. Wax. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 171 pp.
The Role of Hunting to Cope with Risk at Saragossa Plantation, Natchez, Mississippi
Authors: Young Amy L. , Tuma Michael , Jenkins Cliff
Published: November 2004

Saragossa Plantation is located in Natchez, Mississippi. It was established in 1823 by one of the wealthiest cotton planters in the Old South, Stephen Duncan. Between 1823 and 1865, Saragossa was home to numerous enslaved African Americans who faced dangers of abuse at the hands of their overseer, sundered and reconstituted families, disease, overwork, and lack of autonomy. Hunting by members of the slave community is suggested as one of the more effective mechanisms for coping with meager rations, but it also functioned to reinforce male gender identity and to incorporate strangers into the quarter community. Overall, hunting strengthened slave family and community bonds and made these social institutions better able to cope with violence, lack of autonomy, and other risks faced by slaves, [slavery, hunting, risk management}
Seeing Is Believing
Authors: Vackimes Sophia
Published: November 2004

Seeing Is Believing: 700 Years of Scientific and Medical Illustration. New York Public Library, New York, October 1999–February 19,2000.
Stranger with a Camera
Authors: Beaver Patricia
Published: November 2004

Stranger with. Camera. 2000. 60 minutes, color. video by Elizabeth Barret For more information, contact Appalshop Film Studios, 91 Madison Avenue, Whitesburg, KY 41858.
Lafanni Selavi
Authors: Bourguignon Erika , Howard Mary
Published: November 2004

Lafanni Selavi. 2000. 54 minutes, color. film by Lee Flynn. For more information, contact Cinema Guild, Inc., 130 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 0016–7038.
Homeland.
Authors: Biolsi Thomas
Published: November 2004

Homeland. 1999. 60 minutes, color. video produced and directed by Jilann Spitzmiller and Hank Rogerson. For more information, contact the Center for Media and Independent Learning, University of California Extension, Berkeley, CA 94704.
The Mystery of Chaco Canyon
Authors: Ritterbush Lauren W.
Published: November 2004

The Mystery of Chaco Canyon. 1999. 56 minutes, color. video produced and directed by Anna Sofaer. For more information, contact Bullfrog Films, Box 149, Oley, PA 19547; 1‐800‐543‐FROG (3764); info@bullfrogfilms.com.
Sacred Objects and Sacred Places: Preserving Tribal Traditions
Authors: Walker Deward E. , Jones Peter N.
Published: November 2004

Sacred Objects and Sacred Places: Preserving Tribal Traditions. Andrew Gulliford. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 2000. 285 pp.
Assembling the Past: Studies in the Professionalization of Archaeology
Authors: Warren Claude N.
Published: November 2004

Assembling the Past: Studies in the Professionalization of Archaeology. Alice B. Kehoe and Mary Beth Emmerichs. eds. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1999. 241 pp.
The Archaeology Education Handbook: Sharing the Past with Kids
Authors: Kaupp P. Ann
Published: November 2004

The Archaeology Education Handbook: Sharing the Past with Kids. Karolyhn Smardz and Shelley J. Smith. eds. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2000. 447 pp.
Bugis Navigation
Authors: Feinberg Richard
Published: November 2004

Bugis Navigation. Gene Ammarell. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1999. 299 pp.
Potlatch at Gitsegukla
Authors: Wolcott Harry F.
Published: November 2004

Potlatch at Gitsegukla. Margaret Seguin Anderson and Marjorie Halpin. eds. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2000. 284 pp.
International Folkloristics: Classical Contributions by the Founders of Folklore
Authors: Butler Gary R.
Published: November 2004

International Folkloristics: Classical Contributions by the Founders of Folklore. Alan Dundes. ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. 257 pp.
Peasants against Globalization: Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica
Authors: Schelhas John
Published: November 2004

Peasants against Globalization: Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica. Marc Edelman. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. 308 pp.
Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt
Authors: Hansen Karen Tranberg
Published: November 2004

Expectations of Modernity: Myths and Meanings of Urban Life on the Zambian Copperbelt. James Ferguson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 326 pp.
Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine and the Politics of Redemption
Authors: Loewe Ron
Published: November 2004

Recovering the Nation's Body: Cultural Memory, Medicine and the Politics of Redemption. Linda F. Hogle. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. 242 pp.
Life in Riverfront: A Middle‐Western Town Seen through Japanese Eyes
Authors: Johnson Thomas H.
Published: November 2004

Life in Riverfront:. Middle‐Western Town Seen through Japanese Eyes. Mariko Fujita Sano and Toshiyuki Sano. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 164 pp.
Tibetan Border Worlds: A Geohistorical Analysis of Trade and Traders
Authors: Manzardo Andrew E.
Published: November 2004

Tibetan Border Worlds:. Geohistorical Analysis of Trade and Traders. Wim van Spengen. New York: Kegan Paul International, 2000. 307 pp.
China's One‐Child Policy and the Empowerment of Urban Daughters
Authors: Fong Vanessa L.
Published: November 2004

Urban daughters have benefited from the demographic pattern produced by China's one–child policy. In the system of patrilineal kinship that has long characterized most of Chinese society, parents had little incentive to invest in their daughters. Singleton daughters, however, enjoy unprecedented parental support because they do not have to compete with brothers for parental investment. Low fertility enabled mothers to get paid work and, thus, gain the ability to demonstrate their filiality by providing their own parents with financial support. Because their mothers have already proven that daughters can provide their parents with old age support, and because singletons have no brothers for their parents to favor, daughters have more power than ever before to defy disadvantageous gender norms while using equivocal ones to their own advantage. [Keywords: gender, family, fertility, demography, China]
An Anthropology of the European Union: Building, Imagining and Experiencing the New Europe.
Authors: Borgström Bengt‐Erik
Published: November 2004

An Anthropology of the European Union: Building, Imagining and Experiencing the New Europe. Irène Bellier and Thomas M. Wilson. eds. New York: NYU Press, 2000. 224 pp.
From Cosmogony to Exorcism in a Javanese Genesis.
Authors: Hefner Robert W.
Published: November 2004

From Cosmogony to Exorcism in. Javanese Genesis. Stephen C. Headley. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 250 pp.
The Lunda‐Ndembu: Style, Change, and Social Transformation in South Central Africa.
Authors: Turner Edith
Published: November 2004

The Lunda‐Ndembu: Style, Change, and Social Transformation in South Central Africa. James A. Pritchett. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2001. 377 pp.
Anthropological Perspectives on Technology.
Authors: Binford Lewis R.
Published: November 2004

Anthropological Perspectives on Technology. Michael Brian Schiffer. ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2001. 242 pp.
Anthropology, Demography, and the Search for a Critical Analysis of Fertility: Insights from Russia
Authors: Rivkin‐Fish Michele
Published: November 2004

The socialist and postsocialist contexts offer important challenges for anthropologists developing a critical analysis of fertility. The need for fertility studies to address class and gender inequities is often overlooked by postsocialist scholars, whose work is mired in responses to the socialist past and ongoing pronatalist campaigns. I examine the ways that fertility analysis has been used in national political struggles in Russia, and explain why supporters of democratic reforms and women's rights have neglected to address gender and class issues in their fertility studies. While Russian nationalists cite fertility decline as proof that market reforms threaten Russia's existence, defenders of neoliberalism draw on demographic transition theory to redefine fertility decline as a universal sign of socioeconomic development. Working with conventional demographic paradigms and a postsocialist cultural logic, Russian transition theorists simultaneously oppose pronatalist politics, support women's reproductive choice, and reproduce the limitations of liberal paradigms regarding the family, society, and public policy. This article shows how anthropological critiques of demographic transition theory can be expanded and nuanced by considering the ways this theory gets adapted to particular cultural logics and political contests. [Keywords: anthropology and demography, postsocialism, Russia, fertility decline]
Reconfiguring Kodiak: The Past and the Present in the Present
Authors: Lee Molly , Graburn Nelson
Published: November 2004

Kodiak, Alaska: Les Masques de la Collection Alphonse Pinart du Château‐Musée de Boulogne‐sur‐Mer. Musée du Quai Branly, Paris. November 5, 2002‐January 20, 2003

Kodiak, Alaska: Les Masques de la Collection Alphonse Pinart. Emmanuel Désveaux. ed. Paris: Adam Biro and Musée du Quai Branly, 2002. 256 pp. 97 color and 140 black‐and‐white illustrations.

Looking Both Ways: Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People. Anchorage Museum of History and Art, Anchorage, Alaska. October 6, 2002–February 28, 2003

Looking Both Ways: Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People. Aron L. Crowell. Amy F. Steffian. and Gordon L. Pullar. eds. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Press, 2001. 265 pp. 223 color and black‐and‐white illustrations.
Coexistence: Contemporary Cultural Production in South Africa
Authors: Auslander Mark
Published: November 2004

Coexistence: Contemporary Cultural Production in South Africa. The Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. January 22‐June 29, 2003.
Shaikhdoms of Eastern Arabia
Authors: Seif Huda
Published: November 2004

Shaikhdoms of Eastern Arabia. Peter Leinhardt. Ahmed Al‐Shahi. ed. Oxford: Palgrave, 2001. 257 pp.
Critical Approaches to Fieldwork: Contemporary and Historical Archaeological Practice
Authors: Paynter Robert
Published: November 2004

Critical Approaches to Fieldwork: Contemporary and Historical Archaeological Practice. Gavin Lucas. New York: Routledge,2001. 246 pp.
Ideologies of Language: Some Reflections on Language and U.S. Law
Authors: Haviland John B.
Published: November 2004

I present two U.S. court cases in which I participated as a linguistic anthropological "expert" to show how language ideologies of the law both influence legal outcomes and conflict with "scientific" ideas about language. One case was the murder trial of a young Mixtec‐speaking Indian from Oaxaca; the other was a civil suit brought by four Hispanic women dismissed from an elder‐care center for speaking Spanish on the job. I identify in the linguistic ideologies of both cases a principle of "referential transparency" that takes the essential business of words, regardless of the linguistic code, to be communicating propositional information. In the second case, 1 describe a further notion of "linguistic paranoia" in which speaking a language other than English is taken as inherently insulting or threatening. I relate these implicit ideological threads to the legal outcomes, to the restricted notions of potential "language rights" that might emerge from such ideologies, and to the clash between theoretical and judicial perspectives on language. [Keywords: U.S. law, language rights, linguistic ideology, expert witnesses, linguistic anthropology]
Aesthetics, Intuition, and Reference in Fijian Ritual Communication: Modularity in and out of Language
Authors: Arno Andrew
Published: November 2004

The ethnographic interpretation of "meaningless" ritual—ritual in which participants are not able to give verbal accounts of the symbolic meanings involved—poses basic questions about the relationships among language, culture, and meaning. Along with verbal meaning expressible in language, rituals are often observed to have important practical meaning outside of language. Aside from basic how‐to, facilitating dimensions, practical meaning systems can also constitute metaphor and accomplish reference in ways that are parallel to, yet distinct from, verbal and gestural language functions. Techniques of language analysis are useful in interpreting practical meaning in ritual if language meaning is viewed from the perspective of Wittgensteinian use‐based semantics and language is seen in context of a more general multidomain meaning system module that supports the communicative aspects of culture. [Keywords: ritual, aesthetics, communication, ethnography, Fiji]
Linguistic Fieldwork.
Authors: Keller Janet Dixson
Published: November 2004

Linguistic Fieldwork. Paul Newman and Martha Ratliff. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 288 pp.
Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent‐Based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes.
Authors: Wolfe Linda D.
Published: November 2004

Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies: Agent‐Based Modeling of Social and Spatial Processes. Timothy K. Kohler and George J. Gumerman New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 398 pp.
Here, Our Culture Is Hard: Stories of Domestic Violence from a Mayan Community in Belize.
Authors: Brown Judith K.
Published: November 2004

Here, Our Culture Is Hard: Stories of Domestic Violence from. Mayan Community in Belize. Laura J. McClusky. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. 310 pp.
The Transformation of Nomadic Society in the Arab East.
Authors: Kressel Gideon
Published: November 2004

The Transformation of Nomadic Society in the Arab East. Martha Mundy and Basim Musallam. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 217 pp.
Interpretations of Native North American Life: Material Contributions to Ethnohistory.
Authors: Bonvillain Nancy
Published: November 2004

Interpretations of Native North American Life: Material Contributions to Ethnohistory. Michael S. Nassaney and Eric. Johnson. eds. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. 455 pp.
Culture Matters in the Neolithic Transition and Emergence of Hierarchy in Thy, Denmark: Distinguished Lecture
Authors: EARLE TIMOTHY
Published: November 2004

How did the emergence of hierarchical social structure that followed the domestication of plants and animals in the Neolithic actually come about? I suggest that material media were instrumental in this transformation, as culture was changed by incorporating such newmedia as landscape constructions and elaborate prestige objects. During the Neolithic transition in Thy, Denmark, local corporate groups formed, and, subsequently, Bronze Age chieftains came to power. Shifts in material culture suggest possible connections to these institutional changes, namely the materialization of property rights by burial monuments and permanent domestic architecture and the centralization of power through the controlled production of wealth objects. I conclude that, as part of social process, the nature of culture has been transformed by incorporating material culture with specific characteristics of scale, permanency, and control that were vital to institutional change.
Cultures@SiliconValley
Authors: DAVIDSON ELSA
Published: November 2004

Cultures@SiliconValley. J. A. English‐Lueck. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. 201 pp.
Cultural Evolution: Contemporary Viewpoints
Authors: FOIAS ANTONIA
Published: November 2004

Cultural Evolution: Contemporary Viewpoints. Gary M. Feinman and Linda Manzanilla, eds. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 267 pp.
The Montaukett Indians of Eastern Long Island
Authors: GRUMET ROBERT S.
Published: November 2004

The Montaukett Indians of Eastern Long Island. John A. Strong. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2001. 196 pp.
The Establishment and Defeat of Hierarchy: Inalienable Possessions and the History of Collective Prestige Structures in the Pueblo Southwest
Authors: MILLS BARBARA J.
Published: November 2004

The role of social valuables in establishing and defeating hierarchies in prestate societies is explored through the use of Annette Weiner's concept of “inalienable possessions.” Inalienable possessions are objects made to be kept (not exchanged), have symbolic and economic power that cannot be transferred, and are often used to authenticate the ritual authority of corporate groups. Ethnographic examples from Zuni are used to understand the range of individually and collectively owned inalienable objects in Pueblo societies. I then use three classes of these objects from archaeological contexts to gain insight into the history of collective prestige structures in the Southwest. I argue that inalienable goods are more useful than shape prestige goods for understanding the role of social valuables in many nonstate societies, especially those in which inequalities are based on ritual knowledge.
Village Drift and Riverine Settlement: Modeling Akimel O'odham Land Use
Authors: DARLING J. ANDREW , RAVESLOOT JOHN C. , WATERS MICHAEL R.
Published: November 2004

Regular unscheduled movements of rancherías within a confined area or settlement district result in the phenomenon described as “village drift,” a process whereby a settlement may change its location gradually by several kilometers over a period of years. This article presents a model of village drift based on data acquired from recent archaeological and geomorphological field studies and archival research on the Akimel O'odham, the Gila River Pima of south‐central Arizona. The model provides an excellent example of human ecodynamics‐‐‐an emerging landscape perspective that emphasizes the coevolution of humans and their ecosystem‐‐‐with implications for understanding prehistoric and historic settlement in desert riverine environments.
Packaging Indigenous Media: An Interview with Ivan Sanjinés and Jesús Tapia
Authors: HIMPELE JEFF
Published: November 2004

An interview with two key figures in the indigenous video movement in Bolivia conducted at the Taos Talking Pictures Film Festival in New Mexico. In the interview, Ivan Sanjinés and Jesús Tapia describe the development of indigenous video centers and organizations in Bolivia, their work with video makers across Latin American, their goals during their 2002 U.S. video tour, their reactions to their audience's questions, and notions of authorship and collaboration as a process that extends from communities in which videos are made to hemispheric networks of media makers. I introduce the interview by situating indigenous video in Bolivia within the wider and significant historical shift toward indigenous politics in Bolivia in the 1980s and 1990s and draw from the interview new meanings for the term indigenous media that involve the ways video makers assemble and package a multiplex of technologies, resources, social organizations, cultural principles and imagery into a representational form that extends beyond the completed videotape.
Mestizaje and Law Making in Indigenous Identity Formation in Northeastern Brazil: “After the Conflict Came the History”
Authors: FRENCH JAN HOFFMAN
Published: November 2004

In this article, I explore issues of authenticity, legal discourse, and local requirements of belonging by considering the recent surge of indigenous recognitions in northeastern Brazil. I investigate how race and ethnicity are implicated in the recognition process in Brazil on the basis of an analysis of a successful struggle for indigenous identity and access to land by a group of mixed‐race, visibly, African‐descended rural workers. I propose that the debate over mestizaje (ethnoracial and cultural mixing) in the Spanish‐speaking countries of Latin America can be reconfigured and clarified by broadening it to include such Brazilian experiences. I argue that the interaction between two processes—law making and indigenous identity formation—is crucial to understanding how the notion of “mixed heritage” is both reinforced and disentangled. As such, this article is an illustration of the role of legal discourse in the constitution of indigenous identities and it introduces northeastern Brazil into the global discussion of law, indigenous rights, and claims to citizenship.
Provocative Behavior: Agency and Feuds in Southwest China
Authors: HILL ANN MAXWELL
Published: November 2004

Enthusiasm for agency in accounting for assertive, provocative behavior may lead to complacent analyses, distracting us from the hard work of confronting anomalous behaviors that challenge received wisdom. Drawing on feud narratives extracted from life history interviews with the Nuosu, an ethnic group in China's southwest, my analysis looks beyond feuding to other institutions in “old” Nuosu society that enabled or fostered a high degree of individual autonomy, evidence for more fluid social relations and far less authoritarianism than the orthodox portrayals of the Nuosu in Chinese ethnology. The Nuosu case may enlighten our understanding of other feuding societies, where the obstreperous personalities attributed to individuals are too often disconnected from descriptions of the smooth unfolding of the feud as lineage solidarity and indigenous leadership come into play.
Guilt by Association: The Culture of Accusation and the American Anthropological Association's Investigation of Darkness in El Dorado
Authors: GREGOR THOMAS A. , GROSS DANIEL R.
Published: November 2004

The American Anthropological Association's investigation of the charges in Darkness in El Dorado (Tierney 2000) found that the late James Neel and Napoleon Chagnon harmed the Yanomami in the course of their research in Venezuela and Brazil, and that Chagnon had violated the ethics code of the association. The association's inquiry contravened its own policy prohibiting ethics adjudications and was structured not by the standards of an objective investigation but by aspects of contemporary anthropology. Moralized approaches to information and postmodern rejection of objectivity mark the language and methods of the inquiry. The investigating task force did not observe reasonable standards of evidence, the targets of the investigation were not represented, and task force members were compromised by conflicts of interest. The investigation and its collateral activities reflect a culture of accusation and an anthropology uncertain of its ethical or scientific stature.
On Becoming an Oromo Anthropologist: Dream, Self and Ritual Three Interpretations
Authors: Kassam Aneesa
Published: November 2004

In this autobiographical essay, I reflect on my practice as an anthropologist through the medium of a dream experience. This dream occurred shortly before I was due to attend a ritual among the Booran Oromo in northern Kenya. In my discussion, I draw on analytical materialfrom anthropology, psychology, literature and philosophy. Using these different, but complementary approaches, I give three interpretations of the dream. The first two were provided to me by members of the culture, and are based on the indigenous Oromo knowledge system. The third proposes a self‐analysis of the dream in terms of its structure and function. The entire exegesis is underpinned by an essay on dreams and dreaming by Foucault (1984). The analysis of the dream serves to situate my work in both theoretical and existential terms. The classic in this genre of writing is, of course, Lévi‐Strauss's (1973) Tristes Tropiques.
Shaman's Drum: A Unique Monument of Spiritual Culture of the Altai Turk Peoples
Authors: Potapov Leonid P.
Published: November 2004

This paper describes some results of a multi‐decade study of the drums of Altai shamans, begun in 1922 with the active cooperation of shamans from several ethnic groups and in several regions of the Altai mountains. These studies were a part of broad scale research of Altai culture. Knowledge of the customs and language of these people, along with my sincere interest, was the principal reason the Altai shamans developed significant trust in me, and this feeling of trust by the Altai people led to my adoption as a member of the Mundus clan. The adoption was confirmed with a shaman's prayer ceremony, followed by a horse sacrifice.

The 1920s were a period of renaissance of shamanism in the Altai, which undoubtedly favored my research. I was able to study and photograph drums, to ask about their construction and ornamentation, and to discuss in detail their designs. This renaissance of shamanism developed as a result of Bolshevik pressure on the Russian Orthodox church after 1917, the Church having been the primary opponent of shamanism in the Altai region. Spiritual missions and churches were closed by the government, but shamanistic cults were not interfered with. The Communists were fighting all religions, but did not regard shamanism as a religion, considering it instead as a survival of the local clan system. My work in the Altai at this time was particularly productive thanks to exactly this fortunate coincidence of circumstance.
Living in Death: The Evolution of Modern Vampirism
Authors: Atwater Cheryl
Published: November 2004

"Living in Death: the Evolution of Modern Vampirism" traces the evolution of folkloric and fictional vampirism in three parts: the history of the vampire; the concept of undead; and the transition of the modern vampire during the nineteenth century to present. The thesis provides an explanation of why a culture that views life and death as a binary opposition would create a being that exists between these two finite realms of consciousness ultimately on the assumption that the body continues to function after death. This "third" state of consciousness places the vampire in a liminal state of being; neither alive nor dead, but living in death.
The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience
Authors: Roberts Thomas B.
Published: November 2004

The Antipodes of the Mind: Charting the Phenomenology of the Ayahuasca Experience. By Benny Shanon. 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 475 pages. $35 (paperback). ISBN 0199252939
Nine Worlds of SEID‐MAGIC: Ecstasy and Neo‐Shamanism in North European Paganism
Authors: Fridman Evajane N.
Published: November 2004

Nine Worlds of SEID‐MAGIC: Ecstasy and Neo‐Shamanism in North European Paganism. Jenny Blain. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. 192 pages $20.95 Paperback.
Campa organization1
Authors: WEISS GERALD
Published: November 2004

The cultural system of the River Campa of eastern Peru provides the material for an empirical test of a new approach to the understanding of cultural organization. Using the criteria of completeness and intelligibility, the test appears to be successful and is recommended for general use.
ethnic identity, history, and “tribe” in the Middle Zambezi Valley1
Authors: LANCASTER C. S.
Published: November 2004

In rural Africa, as in American cities, numerous competing ethnic identities may be found sheltered together under the dominant structural umbrella provided by political hierarchy and centralization; individual ethnic factions may play important but, in most cases, secondary roles in the over‐all life of the polity. In non‐centralized African polities a common sense of overriding ethnic identity may assume the dominant structural role in place of permanent political centrality, symbolizing the people's collective world view, sense of relevant history, and relations with the world around them. As all these factors are likely to change through time, the collective identity holding sway in stateless areas is likely to be as evanescent, subject to reinterpretation, and as indeterminant around the edges as the loosely organized, weakly bounded sociopolitical (or tribal) field it represents. A diachronic approach, illustrated here, enables us to make these general suggestions about the role and nature of ethnic identity or tribal label in stateless societies. The local view of the past is obviously an essential cultural matrix we need to appreciate in order to enrich our understanding of the ethnographic situation.
religious beliefs and social hierarchy in Tamil Nādu, India
Authors: MALONEY CLARENCE
Published: November 2004

Tamil villagers define key words of Hindu philosophy, such as dharma, karma, and samsara, in different ways, according to their social situation, for the usual definitions amount to doctrines of the religious elite. Many villagers reject the Brahmanical tendency to pull lower castes in the direction of Sanskritization. Their religion focuses on particularistic deities, whose power is manifest through shamans to solve personal problems.
a measure of the degree of correspondence of folk to scientific biological classification1
Authors: HUNN EUGENE
Published: November 2004

The paper begins by discussing the utility of new techniques for measuring the degree to which various folk systems of biological classification approximate the scientific zoological or botanical classification. One such technique is described and applied to the Tzeltal classification of mammals. Statistics provided by the proposed measure provide a test of the hypothesis that there is a psychologically fundamental and logically general set of folk biological taxa. The measure is formally defined.
the function of liminal events in the succession to a position of power: the transfer of the district officer in Thailand
Authors: RUBIN HERBERT J. , RUBIN IRENE S.
Published: November 2004

One implication of the linkage of religious merit to power in Thailand is that changes in leadership require complete restructuring of hierarchical relationships. Assuming that descriptions of the merit and power linkage are correct, how can a society with such beliefs handle routine transfers of power that do not allow for much restructuring of subordinate ties? To answer this question, we shall examine the events in a routine administrative succession—the transfer of the District Officer in rural Thailand. In this situation, allegiance must be transferred from one legitimate authority to another without restructuring the organizational context. The problem is how to separate the previous incumbent from the position. We claim that such a transferral is accomplished through the ritualized patterns of contra‐normative behavior associated with “liminal” events. The function of such contra‐normative behavior is to permit the personal merit and demerit of the incumbent to be separated from the unquestioned legitimacy of the superior role. In this way the linkage between merit and power is maintained while orderly succession is assured.
adaptive strategies in alpine environments: beyond ecological particularism1
Authors: RHOADES ROBERT E. , THOMPSON STEPHEN I.
Published: November 2004

This paper is an attempt to identify some regularities in ecological adaptation and social organization in agricultural‐pastoral communities in high altitude environments. Comparisons are made between the Alpine Swiss and Khumbu Sherpas of northern Nepal, and the model which is developed is tested against data drawn from the Andean literature. In spite of the fact that these mountain ranges are in different parts of the world, their inhabitants have made remarkably similar adaptations to their alpine environments.
some general principles of biological and non‐biological folk classification1
Authors: BROWN CECIL H. , KOLAR JOHN , TORREY BARBARA J. , TRUONG‐QUANG TIPAWAN , VOLKMAN PHILLIP
Published: November 2004

Principles of taxonomy and nomenclature in folk biology first outlined by Berlin, Breedlove, and Raven (1973) are shown to extend to non‐biological and non‐taxonomic folk classification. Four non‐biological taxonomies, American English “automobile” and “tool” taxonomies, a Finnish “winter vehicle” taxonomy, and a Thai “spiritghosts” taxonomy, are presented which clearly manifest so‐called “biological” principles. In addition, a Huastec (male) “body” partonomy is described, offering evidence that taxonomic principles to some extent pertain to non‐taxonomic systematics. These data indicate that principles originally attributed solely to biological classification actually relate to more general aspects of human psychic unity.
natural selection in cultural evolution: warfare versus peaceful diffusion
Authors: NAROLL RAOUL , DIVALE WILLIAM TULIO
Published: November 2004

In the past two decades several methods for objectively measuring cultural evolution have been developed. It is now possible to measure the degree of cultural evolution, but we know very little about its processes. Theorists have long proposed that among human societies warfare is the primary mechanism of natural selection. In other words, they say it is through success in warfare that societies evolve. We tested this theory cross‐culturally on a world‐wide sample of forty‐nine societies. We used rigorous controls for diffusion and data error. We found no real evidence at all in our sample that a society's success in warfare (as measured by territorial change) was substantially related to its level of cultural evolution. From this we presume that ordinarily the chief selective mechanism in cultural evolution is more likely to be not warfare but peaceful diffusion through voluntary borrowing of specific traits by one society from its neighbor.
a natural system used in Mfantse litigation settlement
Authors: QUINN NAOMI
Published: November 2004

Because of the differing circumstances which surround each case, Mfantse litigation settlement involves complex decision making. The natural system which elders use to set pacification fees in these cases simplifies otherwise complex decisions by limiting the amount of information brought to bear on each case to a small number of salient criteria and by applying these criteria sequentially.
responses to grievance behavior: extended cases in a fishing community1
Authors: YNGVESSON BARBARA
Published: November 2004

Recent work in anthropology of law has focused on the dispute settlement process and the factors influencing choice of one form of settlement over another. This paper questions this focus and suggests alternative categories through which law as a process can be examined. Analysis of cases collected by the author in an Atlantic fishing community indicated that for many cases no settlement process could be identified, although some involved a lengthy “cooling” period during which the alleged offense was discussed and subtle responses to it were made. Some cases were successfully handled in this way; others developed into full‐blown disputes; still others continued in process for several years and did not appear headed for any clear settlement. Through analysis of these case materials, three issues are raised for discussion: (1) the concept of dispute settlement as a primary focus; (2) the traditional concept of a case, in which “a” dispute is aired or presented in public and a decision made which terminates the dispute; (3) the importance of time as a variable in the handling of disputes. It is suggested that the focus on settlement reflects our bias toward viewing disputes as short‐range encounters in relationships which lack a past and future. In contrast, the concept of a case as a response to grievance behavior provides a more complete picture of the ways in which conflicts are handled in different types of relations and of the ways in which disputes develop, or are avoided. In particular, the development of the grievance‐response process through time and the variations in pattern of development for different social relations with different time dimensions are discussed.
individual decisions and functional systems: economic rationality and environmental adaptation
Authors: RUTZ HENRY J.
Published: November 2004

Ecological anthropology and substantive economic anthropology have developed along parallel fines during the past decade. They have both dealt with structured interrelationships between aggregate patterns of behavior on an institutional or subsystem level of analysis. Despite important differences, such as the relative emphasis on normative or behavioral data, they share a basic concern with functional explanations of these broad patterns in terms of their overall contribution to system‐wide goals. In Fiji there are functional relationships among the aggregate village pattern of land use, shared norms about land tenure, and environmental patterns, which can be explained in terms of a cognized model of functionally significant technoenvironmental relationships. The unintended consequences of rational actions are also considered.
the social organization of space: class, cognition, and residence in a Spanish town
Authors: GILMORE DAVID
Published: November 2004

This paper examines the role of social class in the spatial ecology and cognitive culture of a Spanish farming town. It argues that the geographical orientations of the townsmen are a projection of a tripartite class model and that this projection reifies social cleavages, limits mobility, and intensifies cultural polarization in the community. The sociocultural and political implications of these findings for the general study of stratification are briefly discussed.
culture change and psychosocial adjustment
Authors: Barger W. K.
Published: November 2004

Three positions identified in the literature on the relationship between culture change and psychosocial adjustment are tested in a comparative study of Inuit (Eskimos) and Cree Indians in a northern Canadian settlement. Both descriptive and statistical evidence indicate that no universal association between change and adjustment obtains and that any relationship existing between them is case‐specific and is due to the situational and cultural contexts of change. Implications of these findings for theory and research are also suggested.
Leach, Genesis, and structural analysis: a critical evaluation
Authors: CARROLL MICHAEL P.
Published: November 2004

The first half of the article critically evaluates Leach's classic analysis of the Genesis myth. The two primary hypotheses advanced by Leach are (1) that Genesis proceeds by introducing oppositions and by then introducing mediating concepts, and (2) that the two Creation stories and the Cain and Abel story are in many ways structurally equivalent. A comparison of his arguments with the text of Genesis, however, indicates that although there is much support for the premise that Genesis proceeds by introducing binary oppositions, there is virtually no support for the argument that concepts are introduced that mediate these oppositions, or that the stories being considered by Leach are structurally equivalent. The second half of the article shows that structural analysis can nevertheless be fruitfully applied to Genesis. Using a variation of a transformation rule developed by Lévi‐Strauss, I demonstrate that a common structure underlies the Genesis account of the Fall of Man and its account of Cain and Abel. Using a second transformation rule originally developed by Leach, I demonstrate that five of the stories in Genesis—those concerning Cain, Noah, Lot, Jacob, and Joseph—all form an interrelated set, and that the pattern underlying this set has exactly the same structure as Lévi‐Strauss's own theory relating to the effects of incest and exogamy upon a society.
religion, matriliny, and change: Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh‐Day Adventists in Luapula, Zambia
Authors: POEWE KARLA O.
Published: November 2004

Christianity is as Luapulan as matriliny; both are involved in the ongoing process of change. Specific features of both organization and doctrines of salvation within different Protestant denominations constitute independent variables that differentially induce behavioral changes. In Luapula, two denominations, Jehovah's Witnesses and Seventh‐Day Adventists, stand out from the rest because they adopt a critical attitude toward people's conduct and local conditions. However, they differ in the degree to which they achieve change in behavior among their members vis‐à‐vis kinship, family, and economic activities. Jehovah's Witnesses succeed, whereas Seventh‐Day Adventists engage in much debate but have an indifferent record of success in giving direction to practical conduct and holding the individual to such conduct.
Exploitation and the expansion of capitalism: the case of the hammock industry of Yucatan
Authors: LITTLEFIELD ALICE
Published: November 2004

Relations of production in the hammock industry of Yucatan, Mexico, are analyzed using Marx's formula for rate of surplus‐value to measure the exploitation of weavers by merchants. It is argued that the concept of exploitation is useful for analyzing societies in which noncapitalist modes of production are being incorporated into the global capitalist system, and that the exchange theory approach dominant in much of economic anthropology has obstructed the understanding of exploitative economic systems.
disease, starvation, and Northern Athapaskan social organization
Authors: KRECH SHEPARD
Published: November 2004

Prevailing theories of precontact Northern Athapaskan social organization assume environmental severity and periodic famine. An analysis of the effects of several postcontact factors, including severe and constant disease, the possible concurrence of disease and starvation, and trade‐related variables, on the population of the Kutchin suggests modifications in the prevailing theories. Specifically, it is proposed that bilocal and bilateral organization among Mackenzie Drainage Athapaskans may result from postcontact factors and that matriorganization was characteristic in the precontact period.
the finger knife and Ockham's razor: a problem in Asian culture history and economic anthropology
Authors: MILES DOUGLAS
Published: November 2004

Yao poppy farmers, who reap rice with the finger knife rather than the sickle, thereby reduce competition for their labor from other agricultural pursuits and thus promote their employment opportunities in production of the grain. This paper examines whether similar productive strategies account for the implement's use among the Iban and the Javanese. The enquiry modifies standard perspectives into the economies of these two other societies and rejects the well‐established theory that the tool survives in Southeast Asia because of religious beliefs that discourage or prohibit allegedly more efficient techniques of harvesting.
Stratification and dispute handling in two highland Chiapas communities
Authors: COLLIER JANE F.
Published: November 2004

This paper argues that differences in the stratification processes of two highland Chiapas Mexican communities, which result from their differential placement in the regional economy, lead to observed differences in their dispute‐handling mechanisms. In Zinacantan, a community of monolingual Tzotzil speakers where all men are corn farmers, differences in wealth and prestige reflect differential success in acquiring debtors and dependent kin. Quarreling kinsmen and neighbors in Zinacantan have no difficulty finding an informal mediator to help them handle their problems, and settlements are reached through procedures that build consensus among disputants. In neighboring San Felipe, a community where almost everyone is bilingual in Spanish and Tzotzil, differences in wealth among families reflect differences in the types of city jobs held by family members. Informants from San Felipe declare that there are no men willing to serve as informal mediators for disputants outside their immediate families, and the local official, who is required by law to handle the disputes that come before him, seems more interested in punishing wrongdoers than in having disputants recognize and accept their obligations toward one another.
learning to fear: a case study of emotional conditioning
Authors: ROBARCHEK CLAYTON A.
Published: November 2004

Numerous researchers have noted the existence of culture‐specific patterns of emotionality, or “ethoses,” that are characteristic of particular societies. This paper examines the development and maintenance of one such emotional specialization by analyzing the social, cultural, psychological, and physiological processes whose interactions give rise in each generation to an ethos of fearfulness among the Semai Senoi of West Malaysia.
market structure and social organization in a Ghanaian marketing system
Authors: SCHWIMMER BRIAN
Published: November 2004

Models of market structure, borrowed from industrial organization economists, are employed to analyze the relationship between social organization and economic conditions in a Ghanaian marketing system. Comparative analysis of vegetable, fish, and yam marketing identifies three distinct modes of social organization—pure competition, ethnic monopolization, and associational monopolization — and explains differences in social patterns in terms of underlying supply and distribution structures.
civil‐religious hierarchies in central Chiapas: a critical perspective
Authors: RUS JAN , WASSERSTROM ROBERT
Published: November 2004

Civil‐religious hierarchies (cargo systems) have often formed the subject of anthropological research in Mesoamerica; indeed, it has been said that they play an essential role in structuring and organizing native communities. Using ethnohistorical evidence from highland Chiapas, however, we argue that such hierarchies emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to changes in the regional economy that placed new demands upon Indian laborers. [civil‐religious hierarchies, cargo systems, Mesoamerica, economic development]
Rural western Navajo household income strategies
Authors: WOOD JOHN J.
Published: November 2004

Sources of income in the contemporary rural Navajo local economy have been characterized as multiple and unstable. Data from recent interviews taken in a probability sample of Navajo households in the former Navajo‐Hopi joint Use Area support these characterizations. Clusters representing different allocations of productive resources are derived by grouping households with similar income profiles. The clusters are further assessed for economic return and their demographic and social correlates. The results recommend a multiplex view of the local economy as an improvement over the standard dual economy approach to the study of socioeconomic change in developing areas. [Navajo local economy, methodology, intracultural variation, socioeconomic change, Navajo‐Hopi Joint Use Area]
fox hunting as ritual
Authors: HOWE JAMES
Published: November 2004

The continuing cultural importance of hunting in modern Western societies, especially to some elites, justifies increased attention from anthropologists. English fox hunting can be seen as a ritual of social class, one dramatizing themes and images about the gentry and aristocracy, and about rural society as a whole. The present analysis stresses the importance of examining the symbolic forms of modern society in a historical perspective, and it raises the possibility that some key symbols may be second‐best substitutes or approximations of an ideal. [hunting, ritual, symbolism, social class, England]