bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK KAPITALISME PERKEBUNAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KEBUDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KAWASAN SUBANG 1920-1930
Authors: Imadudin Iim
Published: March 2018

AbstrakSektor perkebunan memiliki peran yang besar dalam dinamika masyarakat Indonesia sejak masa kolonial hingga sekarang. Dengan kata lain, sejarah Indonesia  tidak dapat dipisahkan dari sektor perkebunan. Keterkaitan itu yang mencuatkan pandangan bahwa sejarah kolonialisme Barat di Nusantara tidak lain adalah sejarah perkebunan. Hal tersebut tergambarkan dalam kenyataan, bahwa selama lebih dari satu abad, perkebunan menjadi aspek terpenting pada masa penjajahan. Berbagai realitas ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia tumbuh sebagai konsekuensi logis kehadiran perkebunan. Berkembangnya industri perkebunan mengubah segi-segi kehidupan masyarakat secara mendasar dengan masuknya faktor produksi, seperti tanah, tenaga kerja, dan modal. Di kawasan Subang, sejak awal abad ke-19, berdiri tanah partikelir Pamanukan dan Ciasem yang kemudian mengembangkan berbagai perkebunan besar yang berorientasi ekspor. Sejumlah perkebunan mengalami perkembangan yang pesat di bawah kepemimpinan Hofland di pertengahan abad ke-19 sampai paruh pertama abad ke-20. Penelitian yang mempergunakan metode sejarah ini bertujuan menjelaskan keberadaan industri perkebunan dalam konteks perubahan kebudayaan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat setempat yang hidup dalam tradisi agraris tradisional  harus beradaptasi dengan ekonomi perkebunan. Selain itu, para pendatang yang berasal dari berbagai daerah juga memberi corak yang khas dalam perubahan budaya masyarakat. Budaya masyarakat yang terikat dengan ekonomi subsistensi berubah menjadi ekonomi uang sehingga terjadi perubahan kebudayaan. AbstractPlantage sector has a great influence on the dynamics of Indonesian society since the colonial era until now.  With other words, the history of Indonesia cannot be divided with plantage sector.  Colonialism in Nusantara was affected by the history of the plantage history itself. For more than one century, plantage became the most important thing in colonialism era.  Economic and social reality in Indonesia grows up as logical consequences of plantage appearance.  The dynamics of plantage sector has changed the society, especially with the entry of productions factor, such as land, labor, and capital.  In Subang area, since the beginning of the 19th century, pop out the private land of Pamanukan and Ciasem which branching out big company of plantation and focused on export.  Number of plantage faced rapidly grow in the middle of 19th until beginning of 20th century under the hand of Hofland as the leader.  The purpose of the research is to describe the existences of plantage industry in the context of culture changed in society.  The result of the research show us that the society who lived in traditional agrarian must adapt with the plantage economics.  Besides that, comers from many areas also influenced the changing of cultural society.  The culture of the society which bound up with the economy has changed become capitalist economy, in such a way changed the culture itself.
ETNIS BETAWI: KAJIAN HISTORIS
Authors: Erwantoro Heru
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPolemik tentang asal-usul etnik Betawi muncul ketika Lance Castles mengemukakan pendapat bahwa etnik Betawi baru muncul pada abad ke-20 dengan  budak yang berasal dari etnik Bali sebagai unsur pembentuk yang dominannya. Berseberangan dengan Lance Castles, Ridwan Saidi mengatakan etnik Betawi tidaklah muncul secara tiba-tiba, tetapi sudah ada sejak zaman prasejarah yang dia sebut sebagai “Proto Betawi” dan terus berproses menjadi etnik Betawi di abad ke-17 Masehi. Berdasar dua pendapat itu, penelitian ini akan membahas  sejarah etnik Betawi. Pertanyaan tentang siapa, kapan, dan bagaimana proses terbentuknya etnik Betawi menjadi fokus dari penelitian ini. Dengan memakai metode sejarah, ditelusuri berbagai pendapat para ahli yang telah melakukan penelaahan tentang etnik Betawi. Berbagai argumen dengan bukti-bukti yang kuat dari pendapat para ahli itu menegaskan bahwa etnik Betawi terbentuk dari suatu proses akulturasi yang berkesinambungan. Proses dari “Proto Betawi” menjadi “Betawi” berlangsung selama berabad-abad. Hanya saja, ada dua aspek yang perlu untuk diberi perhatian di dalam mengatasi polemik yang terjadi, yaitu: pertama, proses pembentukan etnik dan kedua, proses pemberian atau penyebutan nama suatu etnik/masyarakat. Proses terbentuknya masyarakat berlangsung lebih dulu sedangkan pemberian nama terjadi kemudian. Dengan demikian, tidaklah tepat bila pemberian nama suatu etnis dijadikan titik awal terbentuknya sebuah masyarakat.  AbstractPolemic about the originality of Betawi ethnic appeared when Lance Castle stated that the birth of this ethnic beginning from the Balinesse slave (as dominant elements) in the 20th century.  Different with Castlers, Ridwan Saidi says that Betawi ethnic was not suddenly appeared, but their existence since prehistorically era, called “Proto Betawi” and proceed become Betawi ethnic in 17th AD. According to the two theories, so this research will discuss about the history of Betawi ethnic. The questions of who, when, and how the process of Betawi ethnic appeared? is the main focus of this research. The research uses the historical method, and discussed about several theory from the experts. Kinds of argument with strong evidence from the experts claimed that Betawi appeared from the continuous process of acculturation.  The process from “proto Betawi” to “Betawi” take place for centuries.  But, there are two aspects that must be noticed to handle out the polemic, there is: the first is the ethnic figuration process, and the second is the process of giving ethnic/society name.  The process of society figuration happened first, meanwhile the giving of the name of the society happened later.
PERPINDAHAN PENDUDUK DALAM TIGA MASA: KOLONISASI, KOKUMINGGAKARI, DAN TRANSMIGRASI DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG (1905-1979)
Authors: Halwi Dahlan M.
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKolonisatie adalah program perpindahan penduduk versi pemerintah Hindia Belanda pada awal abad XX.  Program migrasi ini awalnya diberi nama Kolonisatieproof dan dijalankan sesuai dengan tuntutan Politik Etis bersama dengan program edukasi dan irigasi. Meski kelihatannya sebagai program yang peduli terhadap perbaikan kondisi masyarakat pribumi, tetapi sejatinya ketiga program tersebut dilaksanakan untuk kepentingan kolonialisme di Hindia Belanda yang telah sekian lama meraup keuntungan sejak masa VOC dan Hindia Belanda. Pada masa pemerintahan militer Jepang juga dilakukan perpindahan penduduk yang disebut kokuminggakari khusus di wilayah Lampung.  Penduduk yang dipindahkan ini adalah para rômusha dari Pulau Jawa.  Setelah kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia, program perpindahan penduduk ini dilanjutkan dan disebut transmigrasi.  Tidak jauh berbeda dengan kolonisasi, sasaran perpindahan penduduk ini adalah dari daerah-daerah yang dianggap padat penduduknya terutama Pulau Jawa ke daerah lain di Indonesia.  Khusus Lampung, pelaksanaan perpindahan penduduk ini sangat bernilai karena daerah ini menjadi pionir proyek di tiga masa pemerintahan.  Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tiga peristiwa perpindahan penduduk tersebut disertai perbandingan di antara ketiganya. Penulisan ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan sumber melalui studi kepustakaan dan mengenai dampak yang ditimbulkan dianalisis menggunakan teori integrasi.  Abstract In the early twentieth century, the Nederland-Indie  government introduced a program Kolonisatie. At the beginning of its implementation, that program was know as Kolonisatieproof. The program is run in accordance with the Ethical Policy along with educational and irrigation program. Although it seems as programs that concerned to the improvement of indigenous peoples, but is actually that programs were implemented for the benefit of the Dutch East Indies's colonialism. In the reign of the Japanese military, migration program also conducted by goverment which known as kokuminggakari, especially in Lampung. The Population which displacement in kokuminggakari's program is the romushas of Java. After the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, this program continued and know as migration and transmigration. In the era of Indonesian independence, the government carried out the similar program with the colonization program. The purpose of this program is to moved the population from the densely region, especially in Java, to moved to other region in Indonesia. In Lampung, the implementation of this migration  is very important because the area has become a pioneer project in three periods. The purpose of this research was to describe the migration of three events with a comparison between the three events. This study uses the source collection techniques through the study of literature and the data were analyzed using the theory of integration.
SASADU: ARSITEKTUR TRADISIONAL JAILOLO HALMAHERA BARAT
Authors: Wakim Mezak
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji arsitektur tradisional masyarakat Jailolo, yakni rumah adat sasadu. Rumah adat ini merupakan tempat dilaksanakannya ritual masyarakat Jailolo Halmahera Barat. Rumah adat sasadu berlokasi di Desa Taraudu, Kabupaten Halmahera Barat. Konstruksi rumah adat sasadu didirikan langsung di atas tanah. Bangunan ini berbentuk bidang geometris empat persegi panjang yang mencerminkan bentuk kebudayaan masyarakat Jailolo pada masa lalu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap bentuk dan fungsi ruang, struktur bangunan, ragam hias, dan kosmologi dalam asrsitektur sasadu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa bangunan sasadu berbentuk bidang geometris empat persegi panjang yang terbagi atas susunan antara lain (1) Ruang tengah; (2) Ruang samping, dengan susunan konstruksi atas terdiri atas atap samping dengan kemiringan rendah berpaut pada pinggir atas ruang tengah yang bersudut atap lancip. Letak bangunan arah timur-barat. Sasadu terdiri atas susunan atas dengan kemiringan rendah memiliki atap tengah berbentuk segi tiga sama kaki yang tinggi lancip. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sasadu memiliki tipologi geometris dalam bentuk empat persegi, dengan susunan atap lancip berbentuk segi tiga dan hiasan najung perahu pada kedua puncak ujung bubungan yang mencerminkan falsafah hidup masyarakat Jailolo pada umumnya. AbstractThis study examines the traditional architecture of Jailolo society, namely custom house Sasadu. This house is a ritual execution of public Jailolo West Halmahera. Sasadu custom house is located in the village Taraudu, West Halmahera. Sasadu custom house construction erected directly on the ground. The building shaped are rectangular field of geometric shapes that reflect the culture of the people Jailolo in the past. The purpose of this study is to reveal the shape and function space, structure, decoration, and cosmology in Sasadu architecture. The method of the research is descriptive with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, and literature. Research findings show that the building of Sasadu are geometric shaped rectangular field that is divided into the composition include (1) Living room; (2) side room, with a composition consisting of a roof construction on the side with the lower slope of the interlock on the upper edge of the angled roof of the living room taper. The layout of the building are east-west direction. Sasadu consists of arrangement on the lower slope of the roof of the center has an isosceles triangular taper high. It can be concluded that Sasadu have geometric typology in the form of a square, with a pointed roof arrangement and triangular decoration najung boat on both ends of the ridge crest which reflects the philosophy of life of Jailolo society in general.
WISATA ALAM DI KERESIDENAN PRIANGAN PADA PERIODE AKHIR KOLONIAL (1830-1942)
Authors: Ariwibowo Gregorius Andika
Published: March 2018

AbstrakBumi Priangan telah sejak lama dikenal dengan pesona alam yang dimilikinya. Pesona alam Priangan sejak masa kolonial Belanda telah menarik para pelancong untuk mengunjungi wilayah ini. Kajian ini membahas faktor-faktor yang membuat alam Priangan mampu menarik kunjungan para turis pada periode akhir kolonial. Kajian ini menggunakan konsep terbentuknya suatu wilayah hingga mampu menjadi suatu destinasi wisata berdasarkan kajian Stephan Wearing, serta melihat pengaruh pemahaman orientalisme abad ke-19 dan ke-20 yang melatarbelakangi kunjungan para wisatawan terutama ke wilayah-wilayah jajahan. Berdasarkan arah kajian ini maka faktor-faktor yang menjadi dasar mengapa Priangan mampu menarik kunjungan para pelancong antara lain, 1) pesona dan keindahan alamnya; 2) sarana dan fasilitas pendukung wisata; 3) harmonis dan nyamannya kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakatnya; serta 4) pesona keindahan dataran tinggi dan gunung berapi di sekitar Priangan. Melalui kajian ini diharapkan mampu membuka ruang diskusi lain terkait perkembangan pariwisata di Hindia Belanda, dan Priangan pada khususnya. AbstractPriangan has been known for its natural charm. The natural charm of Priangan, since the Dutch colonial period, has attracted travelers to visit this region. This study discusses the factors that generate Priangan nature attractive for the tourists at the end of the colonial period.It uses the concept of a region formation in becoming a tourist destination by Stephan Wearing studies, as well as the influence of Orientalism understanding of the 19th and 20thcentury behind the touristsvisits, especially to the colonies. Under the direction of this study, the factors which form the basis on why Priangan is capable of attracting the travelersare:  1) the charm and natural beauty; 2) the aids and tourist support facilities; 3) the harmony and  the comfort of social and cultural life; and 4) the beauty of the highlands and volcanoes around Priangan. Through this study, it is expected to open up the space of discussions related to the development of tourism in the East Indies, especially in Priangan.
TRADISI MEMBANGUN RUMAH DALAM KAJIAN KEARIFAN LOKAL (STUDI KASUS PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT KAMPUNG DUKUH)
Authors: Rosyadi Rosyadi
Published: March 2018

AbstrakKeberadaan masyarakat adat di tengah arus modernisasi dan globalisasi dewasa ini oleh sementara orang dipandang sebagai suatu hal yang unik dan janggal. Di tengah arus globalisasi, di mana orang sibuk dengan konsep-konsep dan pemikiran modern, masyarakat adat berusaha untuk  tetap melaksanakan dan memelihara tradisinya. Melalui kajian-kajian antropologis terungkap bahwa tradisi-tradisi yang dikukuhi masyarakat adat tersebut ternyata sarat dengan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, khususnya di dalam konteks hubungan manusia dengan ligkungannya, baik lingkungan alam, sosial, dan lingkungan budaya. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi penulis untuk melakukan penelitian ini. Melalui penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, penulis memaparkan berbagai fenomena alam, sosial dan budaya, apa yang dialami, diketahui, dilihat, dirasakan, dan dipikirkan oleh masyarakat adat Kampung Dukuh terhadap fenomena-fenomena alam dan kondisi geografis yang mereka hadapi sehari-hari. Fenomena-fenomena alam dan budaya ini diinterpretasikan dan kemudian melahirkan tradisi yang sarat dengan kearifan lokal. Tradisi ini juga mewarnai aktivitas membangun rumah di kalangan masyarakat Kampung Dukuh, mulai dari penggunaan bahan, ritual-ritual, dan pantangan-pantangan adat.  AbstractThe existence of indigenous peoples in the midst of modernization and globalization recently viewed as a unique and awkward by some people. In the midst of globalization, where people are busy with the modern concepts and ideas, indigenous people seek to continue thetraditions implementation and maintaining. Through anthropological studies revealed that the traditions of the indigenous peoples turns loaded with the values of local wisdom, particularly in the context of human relationships with environment, natural environment, social and cultural environment. Those phenomena are the background to conduct this research. By employing a qualitative study using descriptive method, the author describes the various natural phenomena, social and cultural;also,what thing is experienced, known, seen, felt, and thought by the traditional villagers of KampungDuku toward natural phenomena and geographical conditions that they face daily. Natural phenomena and culture is interpreted and subsequently deliver to a tradition which is loaded with local knowledge. This tradition also colorthe activity of homes buildingin the community of KampungDukuh, ranging from the use of materials, rituals, taboos and customs.
UPACARA MUNAR LEMBUR PADA KOMUNITAS ADAT KASEPUHAN CISUNGSANG KABUPATEN LEBAK BANTEN
Authors: Satriadi dan Ria Andayani Somantri Yudi Putu
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPenelitian Upacara Munar Lembur pada Komunitas Adat Kasepuhan Cisungsang, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten dilakukan untuk menjawab masalah pokok yang dibahas dalam penelitian, yakni tentang bentuk upacara munar lembur dan fungsi upacara munar lembur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah etnografi yang terfokus pada Upacara Munar Lembur pada Komunitas Adat Kasepuhan Cisungsang, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, observasi atau pengamatan, dan wawancara kepada sejumlah informan. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut diperoleh data yang menggambarkan legenda kasepuhan dan bentuk upacara munar lembur yang meliputi nama, asal-usul, pelaksana, tujuan, tempat, waktu, tahapan, dan jalannya upacara munar lembur. Tampak sekali sistem religi komunitas adat Kasepuhan Cisungsang begitu mewarnai upacara tersebut. Melalui upacara munar lembur terlihat adanya fungsi sosial dan fungsi edukasi dalam rangka penanaman nilainilai dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Kesimpulannya, upacara tersebut merupakan harapan agar wilayah tempat tinggal mereka diberi kekuatan dalam menghadapi berbagai kejadian yang baik maupun yang buruk; juga sebagai penolak bala. AbstractThis research is made to answer the form of Munar ceremony and its functions on Indigenous Communities of Cisungsang, Lebak district, Banten. Ethnography method is used in this research since it’s only focused only on the ceremony. The technique of data collection that used are library research, observation, and interviews to several informants. Based on the research, it is found the data which describe the legend of kasepuhan and the forms of Munar ceremony that includes the name, origin, executor, destinations, places, times, and the stages of Munar ceremony. It can be seen the religious system of indigenous communities of Cisungsang have been coloring the ceremony. Through the ceremony we can see their social function and the function of education in the context of value investment from one generation to the next. In conclusion, the ceremony is an expectation that their geographical area is given the strength in the face of events both good and bad; as well as a repellent reinforcement.
LEUIT SI JIMAT: WUJUD SOLIDARITAS SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DI KASEPUHAN SINARRESMI
Authors: Nopianti Risa
Published: March 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini melihat hubungan antara solidaritas sosial yang terjadi pada masyarakat Kasepuhan Sinarresmi dalam memfungsikan leuit si jimat sebagai lumbung padi sosial, dengan kewenangan pimpinan adat dalam menjaga aturan adat. Aturan terkait pertanian tradisional maupun hasil dari pertanian padi beserta lumbungnya, tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan lainnya. Merujuk pada penelitian sebelumnya yang membahas fungsi leuit pada masyarakat adat, penelitian ini mencoba membahas pada sisi lain, sehingga salah satu fungsi leuit si jimat sebagai lumbung padi komunal dapat lebih terjabarkan. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terjadinya solidaritas sosial pada masyarakat di Kasepuhan Sinarresmi, tidak hanya muncul sebagai wujud kesetiakawanan dari persamaan status sosial dan keterikatan sebagai warga kasepuhan, tetapi juga didorong oleh adanya sistem kekuasaan pemimpin adat di Kasepuhan Sinarresmi yang bertugas menjaga kelangsungan tradisi dalam leuit si jimat sebagai wujud kongkrit solidaritas sosial. AbstractResearch is trying to see how between solidarity social relations that occur in society of Kasepuhan leuit Sinarresmi in functioning of leuit si jimat (talisman rice container) as social granary, with the authorize of traditional leaders in maintaining the customary rules. The rules related to traditional agriculture in general, and the results of that rice farming and their barn, cannot be separated between each other. Refer to previous studies that are still common in discussed the functions of leuit of the indigenous peoples in particular on Indigenous Unity of south Banten. By using qualitative methods got found that the social solidarity in society in Kasepuhan Sinarresmi in functioning leuit si jimat, not only appears as a manifest of solidarity of the equation social status and engagement as citizens kasepuhan, but also driven by the power system which in this case was conducted by traditional leaders in Kasepuhan Sinarresmi in charge of maintaining the continuity of tradition into leuit si jimat as the concrete manifestation of social solidarity.
BEAS PERELEK: PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Rusnandar Nandang
Published: March 2018

Beas perelek, merupakan tradisi lama yang terlupakan, kini dihidupkan kembali oleh Bupati Purwakarta. Tujuannya  sebagai salah satu strategi dalam pemerataan pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam satu upaya memenuhi kebutuhan dasar warga. Manfaatnya untuk meningkatkan kepedulian dan peran serta masyarakat dalam pembangunan khususnya dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan dan menyejahterakan masyarakat. Di samping itu manfaat lainnya memberi makna teladan, melatih jiwa berkorban dari hal yang paling kecil, melatih kebersamaan dan kepedulian antar sesama dan semangat gotong royong.  Namun dalam perkembangannya, akan menghadapi tantangan dan mengalami perubahan mengingat budaya lokal ini tidak lepas dari budaya global melalui inovasi ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pranata sosial (ekonomi) dalam program beas perelek sebagai sebuah pemberdayaan bagi masyarakat di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Setelah dicermati, ternyata dalam program beas perelek memiliki nilai-nilai yang bersinergi dengan falsafah hidup manusia Sunda, yaitu silih asah, silih asah dan silih asuh. Beas  perelek ini representasi dari nilai-nilai itu semua.Oleh karena itu perlu peran pemerintah daerah dalam melestarikan sikap hidup yang berazaskan kebersamaan. Beas perelek merupakan solusi atas persoalan kesenjangan sistem sosial karena kalangan masyarakat yang sudah mampu dapat berbagi pada masyarakat kurang mampu.
DIPATI UKUR DAN JEJAK PENINGGALANNYA DI KECAMATAN CIPARAY KABUPATEN BANDUNG (1627-1633)
Authors: Lasmiyati Lasmiyati
Published: March 2018

Figures are people who have the charisma and work. The work of a person can be a text or historical relics, either as a live or as petilasan (traces of something in the past eg. buildings, etc.). Dipati Ukur served the adipati (Duke) in Tatar Ukur and served as regent wedana of Priangan (1627-1733), suffered an unfortunate fate. He must bear removal as regent wedana and nomadic, following a dispute with Mataram Kingdom.  This study was conducted to answer the question who is Dipati Ukur?, has been active in what field?, and what legacy? The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The research results are to be obtained information that Dipati Ukur born in Purbolinggo Banyumas, Central Java. He was a descendant of Sunan Jambu Karang. From his wanderings after fighting a war against the Dutch in Batavia, he makes the building which is now a relic and petilasan (traces of something in the past eg. buildings, etc.). One proof of his legacy is the largest hill horn legacy in Sub-Ciparay, Bandung regency.
PENGARUH AKULTURASI BUDAYA TERHADAP DUALISME SISTEM EKONOMI MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG TUA DI KECAMATAN ABUNG TIMUR, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA
Authors: Nuralia Lia , Imadudin Iim
Published: March 2018

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap sejarah dan budaya masyarakat adat Kampung Tua di Lampung. Sumber tulisan merupakan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode survey, dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur, observasi langsung, dan wawancara. Kajian dilakukan dengan menerapkan konsep-konsep ilmu sosial, yaitu konsep akulturasi budaya dan sistem ekonomi dualistis (tradisional dan modern), menghasilkan sistem nilai yang unik dan menjadi pedoman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Kampung Tua. Akulturasi budaya tampak pada gaya bangunan rumah tinggal dan dua sistem adat lama (pepadun dan sebatin), beserta benda-benda upacara adat Begawi, sedangkan sistem ekonomi dualistis dengan keberadaan umbulan dan kuwayan. Tata nilai yang berlangsung mengalami perubahan dalam berbagai segi kehidupan, tetapi tetap berpedoman pada nilai-nilai kehidupan lama yang masih bertahan sampai sekarang. Perekonomian tradisional di wilayah umbulan dan kuwayan tergantikan dengan masuknya perekonomian modern. This paper aims to reveal the history and culture of indigenous people in Kampung Tua of Lampung. The writing source is the result of research by using survey method, and the data is collected through the study of literature, direct observation, and interviews. The study is conducted by applying the concepts of social sciences, acculturation, and dualistic economic systems (traditional and modern), it produces a unique value system and guide people's daily lives of Kampung Tua. Acculturation can be seen from the style of houses and two old custom system (pepadun and sebatin), along with the customary ceremonial objects of Begawi. Meanwhile, the dualistic economic system can be seen from the existence of umbulan and kuwayan. The lasting value changes in various aspects of life, but remain guided by the values of the old life until now. Traditional economy in the region of kuwayan and umbulan is replaced by the entry of modern economy.
MAKNA RITUAL MULUD DALAM MEWUJUDKAN POPULARITAS GOLOK CIOMAS
Authors: Nopianti Risa
Published: March 2018

Penelitian difokuskan kepada ritual Mulud golok Ciomas yang diselenggarakan Penelitian difokuskan kepada ritual Mulud golok Ciomas yang diselenggarakan setiap tanggal 12 Mulud. Ritual ini berfungsi sebagai ajang silaturahmi para pemilik golok Ciomas, hingga golok Ciomas akhirnya dapat dikenal dan mengharumkan nama Ciomas. Prosesi ritual ngoles/ngulas pada golok Ciomas yang telah jadi, dan tempa pada besi bakal pembuatan golok Ciomas, merupakan filosofi bertemunya antara guru dan murid yang hanya terjadi satu tahun sekali yaitu pada bulan Mulud. Pertanyaannya kemudian bagaimana ritual tersebut diselenggarakan hingga menarik minat masyarakat, kemudian faktor-faktor apa saja yang ada dalam sistem ritual Mulud, yang menjadikan golok Ciomas begitu populer di mata masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografis. Adapun data diperoleh melalui proses wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi pustaka. Akhirnya penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kepopuleran golok Ciomas dicapai karena adanya usaha dan kerja sama yang erat antara beberapa stakeholder yang ada di lingkaran golok Ciomas yaitu pande golok, pemimpin ritual, dan pemegang pusaka godam Si Denok.  The study focuses on the Mulud ritual of Ciomas machete held annually on 12 of Mulud. This ritual serves as a gathering place of Ciomas machete owners, and then Ciomas machete finally can be popular and becomes the icon of the Ciomas. Ritual procession of ngoles or ngulas of finished Ciomas machete, and wrought iron of Ciomas machete designate, become a meeting philosophy between teachers and students that only happens once in a year, i.e. in Mulud. The question is then how the ritual is held to attract people, and then what factors are presented in the system of Mulud ritual which makes Ciomas machete, becomes so popular. This research is conducted by applying a qualitative method with ethnographic approach. The data is obtained through interviews, observation, and literature study. Finally, it is found that the Ciomas machete achieved popularity for the efforts and close cooperation between multiple stakeholders in the circle of Ciomas. It is Pande, a leader of the ritual, and the holder of the heritage sledgehammer, Si Denok.
SATE MARANGGI: KULINER KHAS KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA
Authors: Setiawan Irvan
Published: March 2018

Istilah khas pada sate maranggi adalah cara halus untuk menyembunyikan kata tradisional yang terkadang dimaknai secara sensitif oleh sebagian kalangan khususnya pada jenis kuliner tradisional. Strategi ini tidak lain diarahkan pada upaya mengundang daya tarik wisatawan lokal dan mancanegara untuk datang dan menikmati sate maranggi di Kabupaten Purwakarta. Penelitian yang menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat salah satu kuliner tradisional Kabupaten Purwakarta dengan menitikberatkan pada sisi sejarah berikut asal mula penamaan sate maranggi, proses pembuatan dan upaya pelestarian yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Purwakarta. Diperoleh data di lokasi penelitian sebuah hasil yang cukup positif dari upaya pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kaupaten Purwakarta sehingga nama sate maranggi sudah bergaung dari tingkat nasional hingga ke mancanegara. Upaya kreatif baik dari segi variasi rasa, pola sajian, dan promosi yang gencar terbukti ampuh untuk mengangkat salah satu warisan budaya tak benda yang ada di Kabupaten Purwakarta.Kata kunci: Sate maranggi, kuliner, khas, Purwakarta.
EKOFEMINISME DAN GERAKAN PEREMPUAN DI BANDUNG
Authors: Priyatna Aquarini , Subekti Mega , Rachman Indriyani
Published: March 2018

AbstrakDengan menggunakan perspektif ekofeminisme, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kegiatan dan aktivisme gerakan perempuan di Bandung yang fokus pada persoalan lingkungan. Subjek penelitian adalah tiga perempuan yang terlibat aktif dalam komunitas lokal di Bandung dalam kapasitasnya sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dari hasil wawancara dan observasi langsung. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa alih-alih menempatkan tiga perempuan itu sebagai objek, kapasitasnya sebagai ibu rumah tangga memicu mereka untuk berperan sebagai subjek yang sadar lingkungan. Ketiganya menunjukkan bahwa pengalaman domestik/feminin sebagai ibu dan istri membuat mereka bergerak untuk mengatasi dan memperbaiki lingkungan yang ada di sekitar mereka. Meskipun acapkali dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang sederhana dan bersifat lokal, kegiatan dan aktivisme yang mereka lakukan bersama komunitasnya dapat dikategorikan sebagai sebuah gerakan ekofeminisme. Tidak saja karena posisi dan status mereka sebagai ibu rumah tangga akan tetapi juga karena kegiatan dan aktivisme itu mampu berdampak pada kelestarian lingkungan.AbstractBy using ecofeminism perspective, this paper aims to describe the activity and activism of women's movement in Bandung that focuses on environmental issues. The subjects of this research are three women who pioneered environmental movements in urban communities in Bandung in their capacity as housewives. This research uses qualitative methods that produce descriptive data from interviews and direct observation. The results of research reveals that despite positioning themselves as objects, their status as housewives and their domestic/feminine roles have enabled them to act as environmentally conscious subjects. Though often regarded as simple and local, their activities and activism can be categorized as an eco-feminist movement. Not only because of their position and their status as housewives but also because of the activities and activism have obviously a direct positive impact on environmental sustainability and improvement, particularly in the area where they live.
Manufacturing of functionally graded metal matrix composite materials by segregation
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Bohr Dieter
Published: March 2018

By applying vibrations to a granular media differing in size and density, various segregation states can be established. If an additional rotational motion is engaged, the effective force is no longer gravity but a centrifugal one, leading to a radial segregation. In this contribution, an experimental setup is presented which utilizes these effects. This setup is used to produce a cylindrical metal matrix composite consisting of silicon carbide and aluminium having a radial gradient. The influence of different material- and process-specific parameters on the segregation behaviour was investigated. The evaluation of micrographs of the pressed and sintered samples shows that both positive and negative gradients can be achieved. The rotation speed and the grain size ratio were identified as significant factors. The variation of the vibration amplitude leads to opposite effects. On the one hand, the gradient intensity increased. On the other hand, the variances of the SiC distribution in the tangential or radial directions increased as well. In addition, it has been shown that the effects of different grain shapes are marginal.
Abrasive wear resistance of modified X37CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel after conventional and laser heat treatment
Authors: Šebek Martin , Falat Ladislav , Orečný Martin , Petryshynets Ivan , Kováč František , Černík Martin
Published: March 2018

The effects of two conventional heat treatments and one innovative processing by laser surface remelting of modified X37CrMoV5-1 tool steel on its abrasion wear resistance were investigated. Conventional heat treatments consisted of quenching from 990 °C, individually followed by two different tempering treatments to achieve secondary hardness either at 520 °C or 560 °C. Laser surface remelting was performed using optimized parameters of continuous laser beam scanning mode. The results showed that the highest wear resistance was obtained for almost carbide-free, surface remelted microstructure with the highest hardness due to microstructural refinement and martensitic transformation hardening. The observed differences in wear resistance among individual material states are discussed in relation to their microstructures, hardness, and wear mechanisms characteristics.
Optical and magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn0.95M0.05S nanorods prepared by a hydrothermal method
Authors: Zhao Wen-Hua , Wei Zhi-Qiang , Zhu Xue-Liang , Zhang Xu-Dong , Jiang Jin-Long
Published: March 2018

Pure ZnS and doped Zn0.95M0.05S (M = Cr, Ni, Co, Fe and Mn) nanorods were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method. The effects of the variety of doped elements on the crystal microstructure, morphology, optical and magnetic properties of the samples were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry, photoluminescence spectroscopy, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The experimental results show that all samples synthesized by this method possess single phase wurtzite structure with good crystallization, transition metal ions (M = Cr, Ni, Co, Fe and Mn) substitute for the lattice site of Zn2+ and generate single-phase Zn0.95M0.05S nanostructures. The morphologies of the samples are one-dimensional nanorods with good dispersion. The optical band gap of doped Zn0.95M0.05S decreases as the doping ion radius increases, and red shift occurs compared to undoped ZnS nanocrystals. Photoluminescence spectra exhibit clear ultraviolet emission and blue emission. Magnetic measurements indicate that the undoped and doped ZnS samples are ferromagnetic at room temperature.
Russian Orthodox Diaspora as a Global Religion after 1918
Authors: Burlacioiu Ciprian
Published: March 2018

World wars and revolutionary upheavals of the twentieth century set off a number of streams of refugees and led, inter alia, to the dissolution of traditional religious geographies. Russian Orthodoxy was also affected following the 1917 October Revolution. The following contribution is dedicated to the development of a worldwide polycentric Orthodoxy of Russian origin and to the various survival and assimilation strategies of such groups in the diaspora.
Returning African Christians in Mission to the Gold Coast
Authors: Nana Opare Kwakye Abraham
Published: March 2018

The transatlantic slave trade created an African diaspora in the Western world. Some of these diaspora Africans encountered and embraced the religion of their Western masters. Life in the Caribbean diaspora provided an opportunity for the nestling of ideas that were to shape the establishment of the Christian faith in Africa. Following the failures of European missionaries to make an impact in Africa in the early nineteenth century, freshly emancipated Christians from the Caribbean became agents of social transformation in the Gold Coast, Cameroun and Nigeria. Using archival records from Basel in Switzerland and Ghana, this paper explores the missionary initiative of Jamaican Christians who worked under the aegis of the Basel Evangelical Missionary Society from 1843 to 1918. It provides evidence that these Jamaican Christians became principal agents for the success of the Basel Mission's enterprise in the Gold Coast in the nineteenth century. The paper argues against a Eurocentric approach to mission historiography that has obviated the roles of Africans in the nineteenth century and demonstrates the legacy which these returning Africans have left the church in Africa.
Off-Farm Employment and Economic Crisis: Evidence from Cyprus
Authors: Giannakis Elias , Efstratoglou Sophia , Antoniades Artemis
Published: March 2018

Off-farm employment is an important strategy for complementing farm household income and maintaining rural livelihoods. A multilevel logistic regression model was applied to investigate the effect of farm-level and regional-level factors on off-farm employment in Cyprus during the recent economic crisis period. The performance of nonfarm sectors positively affects off-farm employment; a one-percent increase in the share of the secondary and tertiary sector employment increases the likelihood of off-farm work by 9.5 times. The importance of location was also identified. Farm households located in rural areas are 70% less likely to engage in off-farm work than households located in urban areas. The positive effect of educational attainment and the negative effect of farm training confirmed the importance of human capital characteristics on off-farm labour participation. Farm structural factors are also significant determinants of off-farm employment. A one-hectare increase in the farm size decreases the odds of off-farm labour participation by 50%. Operators of crop farming holdings are 4.2 times more likely to work off the farm than operators of livestock and mixed-farming holdings. The results reveal the importance of adopting a multilevel and integrated approach for the analysis of off-farm employment.
Agromorphological Traits and Mineral Content in Tomato Accessions from El Salvador, Central America
Authors: Chávez-Servia José , Vera-Guzmán Araceli , Linares-Menéndez Lesser , Carrillo-Rodríguez José , Aquino-Bolaños Elia
Published: March 2018

The agromorphological traits and phenotypic variation of mineral content in the fruit were evaluated in eleven tomato accessions from nine communities in El Salvador. The tomato collection was cultivated in a greenhouse with a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant phenological and fruit traits, as well as the mineral content, were evaluated using atomic-absorption and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. In the analysis of variance, significant differences (p < 0.01) among the accessions were determined for agromorphological traits and all mineral elements except Cu. Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplant, days to flowering and maturating of the fruits, and the number and weight of fruits per plant were useful variables for describing the phenotypic divergences among the tomato accessions. In terms of mineral content, the differences among the accessions were based on Mg, P, S, Fe, Zn and Mn. The weights of the fruits per cluster and per plant and fruit weight presented negative correlations with Ca, Mg, Fe and P (r = −0.67 to −0.71, p < 0.05) and a positive correlation with Na (0.63).
The Macromolecular Machines that Duplicate the Escherichia coli Chromosome as Targets for Drug Discovery
Authors: Kaguni Jon
Published: March 2018

DNA replication is an essential process. Although the fundamental strategies to duplicate chromosomes are similar in all free-living organisms, the enzymes of the three domains of life that perform similar functions in DNA replication differ in amino acid sequence and their three-dimensional structures. Moreover, the respective proteins generally utilize different enzymatic mechanisms. Hence, the replication proteins that are highly conserved among bacterial species are attractive targets to develop novel antibiotics as the compounds are unlikely to demonstrate off-target effects. For those proteins that differ among bacteria, compounds that are species-specific may be found. Escherichia coli has been developed as a model system to study DNA replication, serving as a benchmark for comparison. This review summarizes the functions of individual E. coli proteins, and the compounds that inhibit them.
Simplified Modeling Strategy for the Thermomechanical Analysis of Massive Reinforced Concrete Structures at an Early Age
Authors: Mazars Jacky , Grange Stéphane , Briffaut Matthieu
Published: March 2018

The objective of this work is to propose a comprehensive and efficient modeling approach to simulate the entire loading program of the RG8 test (both the restrained shrinkage and mechanical parts) performed within the framework of the French national program CEOS.fr. This effort was made possible by introducing a multi-fiber beam discretization that included a thermomechanical model coupled with a unilateral concrete damage model. Due to the massiveness of the test structure, the scale effect needed to be taken into account. This step could be accomplished through use of a Weibull law. Extensive results were obtained during the experiment, some of which focused on deformations and forces developed in the structure by restrained shrinkage, the times of crack appearance and opening, and the consequences of damage sustained on the residual mechanical performance of the beam. A comparison with calculation output has demonstrated the ability of our modeling approach to simulate phenomena at both global and local levels, thus confirming the relevance of model choices made.
A Pseudo-3D Model for Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
Authors: Yin Wuliang , Xie Yuedong , Qu Zhigang , Liu Zenghua
Published: March 2018

Previous methods for modelling Rayleigh waves produced by a meander-line-coil electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) consisted mostly of two-dimensional (2D) simulations that focussed on the vertical plane of the material. This paper presents a pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) model that extends the simulation space to both vertical and horizontal planes. For the vertical plane, we combines analytical and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods to model Rayleigh waves’ propagation within an aluminium plate and their scattering behaviours by cracks. For the horizontal surface plane, we employ an analytical method to investigate the radiation pattern of Rayleigh waves at various depths. The experimental results suggest that the models and the modelling techniques are valid.
Returning Tea Pruning Residue and Its Biochar Had a Contrasting Effect on Soil N2O and CO2 Emissions from Tea Plantation Soil
Authors: Oo Aung , Sudo Shigeto , Win Khin , Shibata Akira , Sano Tomohito , Hirono Yuhei
Published: March 2018

A laboratory incubation experiment is conducted for 90 days under controlled conditions where either pruning residue or its biochar is applied to determine which application generates the lowest amount of greenhouse gas from tea plantation soil. To study the effect of incorporation depth on soil N2O and CO2 emissions, experiment 1 is performed with three treatments: (1) control; (2) tea pruning residue; and (3) residue biochar mixed with soil from two different depths (0–5 cm and 0–10 cm layers). In experiment 2, only the 0–10 cm soil layer is used to study the effect of surface application of tea pruning residue or its biochar on soil N2O and CO2 emissions compared with the control. The results show that biochar significantly increases soil pH, total C and C/N ratio in both experiments. The addition of pruning residue significantly increases soil total C content, cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions after 90 days of incubation. Converting pruning residue to biochar and its application significantly decreases cumulative N2O emission by 17.7% and 74.2% from the 0–5 cm and 0–10 cm soil layers, respectively, compared to their respective controls. However, biochar addition increases soil CO2 emissions for both the soil layers in experiment 1. Surface application of biochar to soil significantly reduces both N2O and CO2 emissions compared to residue treatment and the control in experiment 2. Our results suggest that converting pruning residue to biochar and its addition to soil has the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions from tea plantation.
Pathophysiology and Imaging Diagnosis of Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Bernitsas Evanthia
Published: March 2018

The spectrum of “demyelinating disorders” is broad and it includes various disorders with central nervous system (CNS) demyelination[...]
l-Carnitine Modulates Epileptic Seizures in Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Rats via Suppression of Apoptosis and Autophagy and Upregulation of Hsp70
Authors: Hussein Abdelaziz , Adel Mohamed , El-Mesery Mohamed , Abbas Khaled , Ali Amr , Abulseoud Osama
Published: March 2018

l-Carnitine is a unique nutritional supplement for athletes that has been recently studied as a potential treatment for certain neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy in seizure control has not been investigated. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either saline (Sal) (negative control) or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 40 mg/kg i.p. × 3 times/week × 3 weeks. The PTZ group was further subdivided into two groups, the first received oral l-carnitine (l-Car) (100 mg/kg/day × 4 weeks) (PTZ + l-Car), while the second group received saline (PTZ + Sal). Daily identification and quantification of seizure scores, time to the first seizure and the duration of seizures were performed in each animal. Molecular oxidative markers were examined in the animal brains. l-Car treatment was associated with marked reduction in seizure score (p = 0.0002) that was indicated as early as Day 2 of treatment and continued throughout treatment duration. Furthermore, l-Car significantly prolonged the time to the first seizure (p < 0.0001) and shortened seizure duration (p = 0.028). In addition, l-Car administration for four weeks attenuated PTZ-induced increase in the level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.0001) and reduced the activity of catalase enzyme (p = 0.0006) and increased antioxidant GSH activity (p < 0.0001). Moreover, l-Car significantly reduced PTZ-induced elevation in protein expression of caspase-3 (p < 0.0001) and β-catenin (p < 0.0001). Overall, our results suggest a potential therapeutic role of l-Car in seizure control and call for testing these preclinical results in a proof of concept pilot clinical study.