bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syntactic focus marking in Khoekhoe ("Nama/Damara")
Authors: Haacke Wilfrid H. G.
Published: January 2021

Khoekhoe syntax exhibits an unusually flexible constituent structure. Any constituent with a lexical head can be preposed into the focal initial slot immediately before the PGN-marker that marks the subject position. Two strategies of focalisation by foregrounding need to be distinguished: inversion and fronting. Inversion amounts to an inversion of subject and predicate in their entirety. Such sentences have two readings, though, according to their underlying constituent structure: "predicative" or "copulative". Fronting amounts to the preposing of a lexical constituent into the focal initial slot, with subsequent dislocation of the lexical specification of the subject from that slot.

The present analysis has wider implications, particularly: The generally accepted view that Khoekhoe has coreferential/equational "copulative" sentences of the type NPsubject = NPcomplement is a fallacy. Such sentences actually are sentences with their predicate fronted into the focal initial slot. They amount to cleft constructions.

The fact that the primary focal position is immediately before the PGNmarker of the subject is further independent evidence for the "desentential hypothesis", according to which subject and object NPs in the underlying matrix sentence consist of only an enclitic PGN-marker, and for the claim that Khoekhoe underlyingly is a SVO language, not a SOV language as generally held. By implication these findings affect the analysis of other Central Khoesaan languages.
Focus in an active/agentive alignment system: the case of Beria (Saharan)
Authors: Jakobi Angelika
Published: January 2021

Beria, a member of the Saharan language family, is one of the rare languages in Africa exhibiting both an ergative and an active/agentive alignment system of grammatical relations.1 While the active/agentive pattern is shown by the participant reference markers, the ergative pattern is attested both in the constituent order and in the focus markers on the core constituents. In the pragmatically unmarked constituent order, the Agent constituent precedes the Patient constituent. An unmarked single constituent immediately preceding the verb may represent a Patient or a Subject argument. In this position, the Agent constituent requires the clitic GU. The focused Patient and Subject constituents are both either marked by the clitic DI or by a cleft construction.
Reference determination for demonstrative pronouns
Authors: Bosch Peter , Umbach Carla
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses results from a corpus study of German demonstrative and personal pronouns and from a reading time experiment in which we compared the interpretation options of the two types of pronouns (Bosch et al. 2003, 2007). A careful review of exceptions to a generalisation we had been suggesting in those papers (the Subject Hypothesis: "Personal pronouns prefer subject antecedents and demonstratives prefer non-subject antecedents") shows that, although this generalisation correctly describes a tendency in the data, it is quite wrong in claiming that the grammatical role of antecedents is the relevant parameter. In the current paper we argue that the generalisation should be formulated in terms of in-formation-structural properties of referents rather than in terms of the grammatical role of antecedent expressions.
Papers in phonetics and phonology
Authors: Zygis Marzena , Fuchs Susanne
Published: January 2021

ZASPiL 49.2008 contains 9 articles.
Question structure and intonation in Fipa
Authors: Riedel Kristina , Patin Cédric
Published: January 2021

This paper sketches the morphosyntactic and prosodic properties of questions in Fipa, discussing three varieties: Milanzi, Nkansi and Kwa. The general word order and morphological patterns relevant to question structures are outlined and different types of wh-question constructions are described and tentatively linked to the prosodic features of Fipa questions.
Proceedings of the Workshop BantuSynPhonIS: preverbal domain(s)
Authors: Hamlaoui Fatima
Published: January 2021

The papers in this volume take up some aspects of the preverbal domain(s) in Bantu languages. They were originally presented at the Workshop BantuSynPhonIS: Preverbal Domain(s), held at the Center for General Linguistics (ZAS), in Berlin, on 14-15 November 2014. This workshop was coorganized by ZAS (Fatima Hamlaoui & Tonjes Veenstra) and the Humboldt University (Tom Güldemann, Yukiko Morimoto and Ines Fiedler).
processing cost of Downward Entailingness: the representation and verification of comparative constructions
Authors: Grodzinsky Yosef , Agmon Galit , Snir Kedem , Deschamps Isabelle , Loewenstein Yonatan
Published: January 2021

We bring experimental considerations to bear on the structure of comparatives and on ourunderstanding of how quantifiers are processed. At issue are mismatches between thestandard view of quantifier processing cost and results from speeded verification experimentswith comparative quantifiers. We build our case in several steps: 1. We show that thestandard view, which attributes processing cost to the verification process, accounts for someaspects of the data, but fails to cover the main effect of monotonicity on measured behavior.We derive a prediction of this view for comparatives, and show that it is not borne out. 2. Weconsider potential reasons – experimental and theoretical – for this theory-data mismatch. 3.We describe a new processing experiment with comparative quantifiers, designed to addressthe experimental concerns. Its results still point to the inadequacy of the standard view. 4. Wereview the semantics of comparative constructions and their potential processingimplications. 5. We revise the definition of quantifier processing cost and tie it to the numberof Downward Entailing (DE) operators at Logical Form (LF). We show how this definitionsuccessfully reconciles the theory-data mismatch. 6. The emerging picture calls for adistinction between the complexity of verified representations and the complexity of theverification process itself.Keywords: quantification, monotonicity, negation, comparative constructions, Logical Form,adjectival antonyms, decomposition, quantifier processing, speeded verification, reactiontime.
formal pragmatic account of Double Access
Authors: Klecha Peter
Published: January 2021

This paper argues that Double Access sentences in English (Smith, 1978) are akind of loose talk. When the meaning of a Double Access sentence is computed literally, theresult is infelicity. Double Access sentences can be used meaningfully only when rescued bypragmatics which intervenes to interpret the embedded clause loosely. A formal model forloose interpretation, building on Klecha (2018), is provided.Keywords: tense, embedding, Double Access, imprecision, defaults, embedded implicature.
Extreme nouns and maximizers
Authors: Masià Melania S.
Published: January 2021

Maximizers (completamente ‘completely’, totalmente ‘totally’) are degree modifiersrestricted to maximum standard adjectives. Spanish adjectives of completeness [ACs] (completo‘complete’, total ‘total’) display a behavior similar to that of their adverbial counterpartswhen they combine with nouns like idiot. This paper argues that ACs are maximality modifiersof idiot-like nouns, which are defended to be gradable and denote extreme degrees of properties.Establishing a parallelism between adverbs and adjectives of completeness allows us toexplore scalarity across categories and the relevance of scale structure in the nominal domain.Keywords: extreme nouns, maximizers, adjectives of completeness, scale structure, nominalgradability.
Shared mechanism underlying unembedded and embedded enrichments: evidence from enrichment priming
Authors: Sun Chao , Breheny Richard
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we use a priming paradigm to explore the mechanisms underlyingunembedded and embedded scalar enrichments. In particular, the aim is to see if localpragmatic enrichment could be a shared mechanism, involved in both. The two experimentspresented adopt Bott & Chemla's (2016) enrichment priming paradigm and test whetherunembedded and embedded enrichments could prime each other. The goal is to investigatewhether local pragmatic enrichment is indeed being accessed for the interpretation of theunembedded scalar and whether local enrichments, like other lexical semantic phenomena,are susceptible to priming.Keywords: pragmatics, scalar enrichments, priming.
Einfluss des Bildaufbaus in Narrativen auf die Erzählkomplexität von Vorschulkindern – eine empirische Vergleichsstudie
Authors: Weber Oliver
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present study was to test the influence of picture composition on the narrative complexity of preschool children, and to compare the different procedures of the Cat Story of Hickmann (2002) and the Fox Story of Gülzow & Gagarina (2007) with the Baby Birds and Baby Goats Story of MAIN, by Gagarina et al. (2012). For this purpose, 27 children between the ages of 5;01 and 6;09 were tested with both variants to check whether a macro-structurally controlled picture structure would lead to more complex stories. The results show that narratives with a Goal-Attempt-Outcome structure, i.e. the Baby Birds and Baby Goats Stories, make children with increasing age tell more complex stories by means of a rise in story complexity than the narratives of Hickmann and Gülzow & Gagarina without that structure.
The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives: Greek
Authors: Tsimpli Ianthi Maria , Andreou Maria , Peristeri Eleni
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an overview of the adaptation of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives in Greek, focusing on its use in Greek academic and diagnostic settings. A summary of the properties of the Greek language and the concomitant challenges these language-specific properties posed to MAIN adaptation are presented along with a summary of published studies with monolingual Greek-speaking children and bilingual children with Greek as L2, with and without Developmental Language Disorder.
The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN): Adding Kam to MAIN
Authors: Yang Wenchun , Chan Angel , Gagarina Natalia
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces the Kam version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN). Kam is a minority language in southern China which belongs to the Kam-Tai language family and is spoken by the Kam ethnic minority people. Adding Kam to MAIN not only enriches the typological diversity of MAIN but also allows researchers to study children’s narrative development in a sociocultural context vastly distinctly different from the frequently examined WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Moreover, many Kam- speaking children are bilingual ethnic minority children who are “left-behind” children living in Mainland China, growing up in a unique socio-communicative environment.
Polish MAIN: how was it developed and how has it been used so far?
Authors: Mieszkowska Karolina , Otwinowska Agnieszka , Białecka-Pikul Marta , Kiebzak-Mandera Dorota , Opacki Marcin , Haman Ewa
Published: January 2021

This paper describes in detail the development of the Polish version of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN). We first describe its two earlier versions, the unpublished version and the published version, developed in 2012, as well as the revised version. We also justify the differences between the unpublished Polish version developed in 2012 and the original MAIN. Then we summarize the results from studies that used the unpublished version of the Polish MAIN. We end with outlining a study that could be conducted to compare the two slightly different procedures in order to examine whether the results obtained with MAIN are resistant to changes in the procedure details.
Adapting MAIN to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: De Aguiar Laís Vitória Cunha , Nunes Martins dos Reis Micaela
Published: January 2021

A translation process is often seen as only a simple code exchange, but, in fact, it always requires an adaptation of terms, expressions, and structures, which is not exactly straightforward. This paper describes the process of translating and adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) to Brazilian Portuguese. A brief description of the project, concerning both historic and linguistic aspects, was done in order to emphasize the cultural and linguistic challenges faced during the process.
EPIDERMOID CYST OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLE: AN UNUSUAL LOCATION
Authors:   Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco., Amalik S. , Ayadi C. ,   Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco., Essaber H. ,   Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco., Fenni J. El ,   Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco., Nouali H.En ,   Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: January 2021

Epidermoid cysts are slow-growing congenital tumors developed from ectodermal inclusions. They usually sit at the cerebellopontine angle or basal cistern, their location in the fourth ventricle are exceptional.We report the case of a 44-year-old patient admitted to the Neurosurgery department for chronic daily headaches with visual impairment recently aggravated by cerebellar stato-kinetic syndrome.The diagnosis of epidermoid cyst of the fourth ventricle was suspected on MRI especially in diffusion sequence and then confirmed by the anatomopatological studies. Subtotal surgical excision was performed. The evolution was marked by the disappearance of clinical signs. Radiological and clinical follow up were indicated.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF TRAMADOL AND FENTANYL FOR EPIDURAL ANALGESIA IN LOWER LIMB SURGERIES
Authors:   HOD, Department of Anaesthesia AND ICU, Amar Hospital, Patiala, Punjab., Singhl Hp , Jindal Naveen ,   Consultant, Department of Anaesthesia and ICU, Amar Hospital, Patiala, Punjab., Singh Jaspreet ,   Consultant, Department of Anaesthesia and ICU, Amar Hospital, Patiala, Punjab.
Published: January 2021

Background:Epiduralandspinalblocksaremajorregionaltechniques with along history of effectiveuseforavarietyofsurgicalprocedures and pain relief. Epidural block with the catheter technique gives a better control of the level of analgesia and can be used for providingpost-operativepainreliefbyopioidsorlocalanaestheticagents.The purposeofthepresentstudywastocomparethe safetyandefficacyofepiduraltramadolversusepiduralfentanylas adjuvantstobupivacaineforlowerlimbsurgeries. Materials and methods:100 patients werer an domisedin to two groups with50 patient sineach group: Group BB-epidural administration of 20mL 0.5% plain bupivacaine with [50 mg (1 mL) tramadol + 1 mL NS= 2 mL].Group BF- epidural administration of 20 mL 0.5% plain bupivacainewith100mcg(2mL)of fentanyl.Settings and Design- Randomised double-blind trial. Results:The mean onset of sensory blockade and time for maximum sensory blockade was observed to be significantly reduced with the addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine as compared to tramadol and bupivacaine. The results showed statistically significant increase in the duration of analgesia with the addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine as compared to tramadol and bupivacaine. Conclusion:We can conclude that tramadol and fentanyl were effective adjuvants to bupivacaine when used epidurally in patients undergoing lower limb surgery. Although, epidural fentanyl with bupivacaine produces significantly faster onset of sensory blockadecompared to epiduralhowever,epiduraltramadolwithbupivacaineproducessignificantlyprolonged durationofanalgesiacomparedtoepiduralfentanyl.
CONCEPT MAPPING AS A TOOL FOR MEANINGFUL LEARNING
Authors:   UP School Teacher, MSVMUP, School Ottapalam, Kerala, India., P. Divya , R Smitha ,   Assistant Professor NSS Training College Ottapalam, Kerala, India.
Published: January 2021

Concept maps have now been used as a research and evaluation tool. It enables students to visualize the structure of knowledge, interrelated concepts and the relationships among various concepts and sub-concepts. Concept mapping has been found to be an effective teaching method which enhances meaningful learning. Concept mapping was significantly more effective than the traditional or expository teaching strategies in enhancing learning. Cognitive mapping differs from traditional methods by making underlying cognitive structures transparent and giving a focus to the set of propositions by which learners construct meaning. Concept map structure correlates with the perceived data. They provide quick summary and help to identify topics to elicit new information. Concept mapping is a strategy that can be used to impart content knowledge with sense within a limited period of time.Concepts learned by rote learning tends to be quickly forgotten. Teaching methods and tools should transform knowledge from short-term memory to long-term memory. Several research studies have supported Concept mapping in academic and non-academic fields. This article describes how the concept mapping can be used to transform abstract knowledge and understanding into concrete visual representations. It is underlined that the Concept maps will serve as a suitable tool to support educators in promoting students comprehension and understanding of new concepts.
BLOCKCHAIN AS AN E-VOTING TOOL
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Management and Business, Department of Business Informatics, Debrecen, Hungary., Fraij Jihad , Aldabbas Ashraf ,   University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Informatics, Department of Information Technology Systems and Networks., Aburumman Nemer ,   University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Management and Business, Department of Business Informatics, Debrecen, Hungary.
Published: January 2021

Blockchain as a distributed system that confirms security and reliability have started a new era of a solid and consensus system.Blockchains focus on cryptocurrency is encouraging many other processes to follow the same reliable approach of security.Almost all procedures and operations are now invited to be electronically performed in the digital Ethereum network that has been presented. Moreover, this study proposed the use of an Ethereum network on a blockchain platform in the study when it was moved to a blockchain network to confirm transparency.An E-voting system sample has been tested by using an Ethereum network smart contracts inwhich solidity language and wallets were used. In the voting test, the Ethereum blockchain will be able to collect records in which voters can use their Ethereum wallets or android devices to submit their votes in a consensus node.The researchers studied the voting system taking Jordan as a case study.This study recommended the adaptation of e-voting to support transparency and voters trust to reduce corruption and unreliability in the voting processes. Moreover, the use of this system will allow a voter to vote from home in the time of the pandemic.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON FICUS CARICA L. - AN UNEXPLORED MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, India., Pal Imana
Published: January 2021

Fig is one of the earliest cultivated fruit in human history and an important crop worldwide which can be consumed in both fresh and dry form. The genus Ficus belongs to the Moraceae family and there are thousands of species in the genus Ficus. They are mostly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Figs are extremely nutritious and contain a large amount of minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre, carbohydrates, amino acids and other phytochemicals. F.carica was used as a cure-all in systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. Studies revealed that F.carica has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-mutagenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antiplatelet, antipyretic, immunological, dermatological, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, nootropic, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, nephroprotective and laxative effects. Fruit juice of F. carica mixed with honey is used to treat haemorrhage.Thus the review attempts to shed light on all the available literature on the Ficus carica L. with reference to its traditional uses, chemical and phytoconstituents,physicochemical properties, and summing up of its various nutritional and therapeutic benefits.
Permodelan Materi Pengajaran Mata Kuliah Ergonomi pada Program Product Design Engineering
Authors: Rezasyah Erwin , Pradita Reiko Sarah , Loekitodisastro Maria Annissa Laetitia Vheran , Angeline Calista , Mangindaan Dave
Published: January 2021

The subject of Ergonomics serves as an important part on the education for Product Design Engineering, in which it sets the fundamental understanding for future engineers over the human aspect in engineered a new product. The teaching method of Ergonomics using theoretical approach, followed by laboratory practice to simulate the approach on improving a product or system from the human point of view as user. However, in the context of Product Design Engineering that seeks an output in form of a product solution the approach used in Ergonomics teaching may not be reaching the level of prototyping that can represent a tangible solution. This paper is discussing an alternate approach of applying Project-based model for teaching Ergonomics with aim to produce an output of conceptual product to materialize the Ergonomics improvement parameters resulted from the theoretical and laboratory practice approach initially conducted from the previous approach. The adoption of Design Thinking method into the teaching plan was being introduced as a mean of allowing a direct and practical way of leading the process up to prototyping phase and thus setting up a platform for further improvement. The case study was deducted from the teaching subject of Human-Integrated Systems class by utilizing the ongoing teaching plan as the media for introducing the new approach.
Throughfall and stemflow nutrient flux in deodar and oak forests, Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Jana Purna , Dasgupta Sabyasachi , Todaria Nagendra P.
Published: January 2021

A study to understand the throughfall and stemflow chemistry under deodar and oak forests of Garhwal Himalaya was conducted during 2014–2015. Total rainfall during experimental period was 1473.8 mm and estimated interception loss was 34.018% for deodar forest, 24.85% for oak forest. Stemflow represented the minimum proportion of gross rainfall, i.e. 0.321% in deodar forest and 0.463% in oak forest. pH of throughfall and stemflow in both deodar (6.087 and 6.47 respectively) and oak forests (6.75 and 7.03 respectively) was significantly more acidic than the gross rainfall (7.15). Electrical conductivity was recorded higher in deodar stemflow (231.89 μs/cm) and throughfall (102.75 μs/cm) compared to oak forest (172.92 μs/cm and 83.83 μs/cm respectively). Net nutrient leaching and stemflow were considerably higher from oak forest than deodar forest. Oak forest has better water yield capacity than deodar forest as the interception loss was higher in deodar forest. The idea of sustainable agriculture may be possible surrounding such forests as the need for chemical fertilizer and water can be met by the nutrient-rich soil, available soil moisture and surface water.
Impact of Sex on Office White Coat effect Tail: A Review
Authors: Humbert Xavier , Fedrizzi Sophie , Hofferer Agnès , Bansard Mathieu , Huet Anne-Laure , Bedier Christiane , Rabiaza Andry , Bas Jeanne L. , Bas François L. , Alexandre Joachim , Puddu Paolo E.
Published: January 2021

Office white-coat effect tail (OWCET) is defined as a decrease of ≥10 mmHg in systolic blood pressure
(SBP) between successive measurements after its waxing during an office visit. The influence of sex on
the incidence of long-term major fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events was studied in two Italian populational
cohorts [from the Gubbio Study and the Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study (IRA)]. OWCET increased
risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [HR: 1.591 (95% CI: 1.204-2.103)], coronary heart disease
(CHD) [HR: 1.614 (95% CI: 1.037-2.512)] and stroke (STR) [HR: 1.696 (95% CI: 1.123-2.563)] events independently
of age, serum and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, cigarettes, body mass index (BMI) and
SBP in women included in Gubbio study over an almost 20-year follow-up. However, risks of CVD, CHD or
STR increased in men with OWCET neither in the Gubbio 20-year follow-up nor in the IRA 50-year follow-up.
The correction of the regression dilutions bias between the first and the subsequent SBP measurements did not
significantly change these outcomes. Primary care physicians should evaluate OWCET, especially in women,
to improve stratification of long-term CVD, CHD and STR risks.
Data Sharing and Privacy in Pharmaceutical Studies
Authors: Chen Rufan , Zhang Yi , Dou Zuochao , Chen Feng , Xie Kang , Wang Shuang
Published: January 2021

Adverse drug events have been a long-standing concern for the wide-ranging harms to public health,
and the substantial disease burden. The key to diminish or eliminate the impacts is to build a comprehensive
pharmacovigilance system. Application of the “big data” approach has been proved to assist the detection of
adverse drug events by involving previously unavailable data sources and promoting health information exchange.
Even though challenges and potential risks still remain. The lack of effective privacy-preserving
measures in the flow of medical data is the most important Accepted: one, where urgent actions are required to
prevent the threats and facilitate the construction of pharmacovigilance systems. Several privacy protection
methods are reviewed in this article, which may be helpful to break the barrier.
Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in South Asians: A Review and Discussion of Causes, Challenges and Management Strategies
Authors: Saeed Anum , Virani Salim S. , Mulukutla Suresh , Chow Clara K.
Published: January 2021

Background:

South Asians are at a significantly increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular
disease (ASCVD). For a major portion of the South Asian population, the cardiovascular
disease events occur at a relatively younger age, are associated with worse outcomes, and have potentially
more severe socioeconomic implications compared to their western counterparts.

Method:

The term “South Asian” typically constitutes individuals from India, Pakistan, Nepal,
Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Maldives, including expatriates as well as their families from
these countries. Based on this, South Asians form approximately 25% of the world’s population,
with a high ASCVD burden in this group. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological factors
underlying ASCVD in South Asians, the dyslipidemia types and management, and discuss approaches
to improve the overall ASCVD prevention efforts in this large subset population of the
world. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the excess risk of cardiovascular
disease in South Asians are multifactorial, dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for the incidence
and prevalence of this disease. The traditional “South Asian” dyslipidemia pattern includes levels
of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the normal range with a high concentration of
LDL particles, elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
with dysfunctional HDL particles, and high levels of lipoprotein(a).

Conclusions:

While combined efforts to study the expatriate South Asians in western countries
have been able to identify South Asian specific dyslipidemias, causal associations and optimal management
remain relatively less explored. Larger scale studies are needed to better quantify the relationship
of each lipid parameter with ASCVD risk among South Asians as well as optimal lipid targets
and management strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk group.
Atrial Conduction Disorders
Authors: Alexander Bryce , Tse Gary , Martinez-Selles Manuel , Baranchuk Adrian
Published: January 2021

Atrial conduction disorders result from impaired propagation of cardiac impulses from
the sinoatrial node through the atrial conduction pathways. Disorders affecting interatrial conduction
alter P-wave characteristics on the surface electrocardiogram. A variety of P-wave indices reflecting
derangements in atrial conduction have been described and have been associated with an increased
risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke. Interatrial block (IAB) is the most well-known of
the different P-wave indices and is important clinically due to its ability to predict patients who are
at risk of the development of AF and other supraventricular tachycardias. P-Wave Axis is a measure
of the net direction of atrial depolarization and is determined by calculating the net vector of
the P-wave electrical activation in the six limb-leads using the hexaxial reference system. It has
been associated with stroke and it has been proposed that this variable be added to the existing
CHA2DS2-VASc score to create a P2-CHA2DS2-VASc score to improve stroke prediction. P-Terminal
Force in V1 is thought to be an epiphenomenon of advanced atrial fibrotic disease and has
been shown to be associated with a higher risk of death, cardiac death, and congestive heart failure
as well as an increased risk of AF. P-wave Dispersion is defined as the difference between the
shortest and longest P-wave duration recorded on multiple concurrent surface ECG leads on a standard
12-lead ECG and has also been associated with the development of AF and AF recurrence. Pwave
voltage in lead I (PVL1) is thought to be an electrocardiographic representation of cardiac
conductive properties and, therefore, the extent of atrial fibrosis relative to myocardial mass. Reduced
PVL1 has been demonstrated to be associated with new-onset AF in patients with coronary
artery disease and may be useful for predicting AF. Recently a risk score (the MVP risk score) has
been developed using IAB and PVL1 to predict atrial fibrillation and has shown a good predictive
ability to determine patients at high risk of developing atrial fibrillation. The MVP risk score is currently
undergoing validation in other populations. This section reviews the different P-wave indices
in-depth, reflecting atrial conduction abnormalities.
Inspiratory and Expiratory Chest High-resolution CT: Small-airway Disease Evaluation in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Huang Renjun , Zhu Jingfen , Zhou Jianguo , Shang Yalei , Lin Xiaoming , Gong Shengbin , Gu Lan , Dai Hui , Li Yonggang
Published: January 2021

Background:

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has occurred worldwide.
However, the small-airway disease in patients with COVID-19 has not been explored.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the small-airway disease in patients with COVID-19 using inspiratory
and expiratory chest high-resolution computed tomography (CT).

Methods:

This multicenter study included 108 patients with COVID-19. The patients were classified
into five stages (0-IV) based on the CT images. The clinical and imaging data were compared
among CT images in different stages. Patients were divided into three groups according to the time
interval from the initial CT scan, and the clinical and air trapping data were compared among these
groups. The correlation between clinical parameters and CT scores was evaluated.

Results:

The clinical data, including age, frequency of breath shortness and dyspnea, neutrophil percentage,
lymphocyte count, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, and time interval between the onset of illness and
initial CT, showed significant differences among CT images in different stages. A significant difference
in the CT score of air trapping was observed between stage I and stage III. A low negative correlation
was found between the CT score of air trapping and the time interval between the onset of
symptoms and initial CT. No significant difference was noted in the frequency and CT score of air
trapping among different groups.

Conclusions:

Some patients with COVID-19 developed small-airway disease. Air trapping was
more distinguished in the early stage of the disease and persisted during the 2-month follow-up.
Longer-term follow-up studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Antidiabetic Medications
Authors: Pappachan Joseph M.
Published: January 2021

:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has already affected one in every eleven person in the global population, and the dis-ease prevalence continues to increase because of the obesity pandemic. Even with the availability of a multitude of antidi-abetic medications for optimal glycaemic control, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not largely altered until re-cently when newer antidiabetic drugs such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor analogues (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were introduced. Cardiovascular safety of antidiabetic drugs has also been a hot topic for global scientific debate after the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforced restrictions on Rosiglita-zone in 2010 with the suspicion of increased mortality and myocardial events (with subsequent uplift of the ban on the drug in 2013 following the emergence of additional evidence on safety). After this debate, all antidiabetic should go through rigorous safety checks with cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). Recent CVOTs with GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed markedly positive outcomes that have changed the landscape of diabetes management across the world. Thus, the therapeutic algorithm for optimal management of DM should consider not only the glycaemic control ef-ficacy of the individual antidiabetic agent but also the cardiovascular safety and modifications in other anticipated long-term DM complication profiles. Therefore, it is imperative to critically appraise the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of all antidiabetic drugs to improve the scientific practice of our diabetes care globally. This issue, “Efficacy and cardiovas-cular safety of antidiabetic medications,” provides readers the back-up of up to date evidence.
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) Presents Antitumoral Effect and Improves Chemotherapy Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Gomes Lucas F. , Longhi Pâmela J.H. , Machado Larissa , da Cruz Ivana B. Mânica , Montano Marco A.E. , Martins Mathias , Machado Sérgio A. , Steffani Jovani A. , Cadoná Francine C.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Prostate cancer is the most common visceral neoplasia in men and frequently presents
chemotherapy resistance. In this context, lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf) has been studied
since it presents many important biological activities, such as anticancer.

Objective:

We investigated the antitumor effect of lemongrass and in chemotherapy activity using prostate cancer
cells line (DU-145).

Methods:

DU-145 cells were exposed to different concentrations of aqueous extract of lemongrass (30; 100;
300; 500 and 1000 μg/mL), isolated and in combination with docetaxel, during 24 and 72 hours. After, cell viability
and proliferation, oxidative metabolism, colony formation and cell cycle analyses were performed. Also,
we exposed the African green monkey kidney cell line (VERO) to the same lemongrass concentrations to investigate
a possible toxicity of this extract.

Results:

Our findings suggested that lemongrass presented an antitumor effect and improved docetaxel chemotherapy
activity by decreasing cell viability and proliferation as well as colony formation. Moreover, we
found an oxidative stress increased and cell cycle arresting in G0 /G1 phase. In addition, this extract presented selectivity
action for cancer cells, since it did not cause cytotoxicity in normal cells, ensuring non-toxic therapeutic
concentrations.

Conclusion:

Lemongrass is a promising medicinal plant that could be used during chemotherapeutic treatment,
in order to potentiate the antitumor response and decrease the resistance of prostate cancer.
Novel Anticancer Dimeric Naphthoquinones from Diospyros lotus having Anti- Tumor, Anti-Inflammatory and Multidrug Resistance Reversal Potential: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Evidence
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Khan Ajmal , Abu-Izneid Tareq , Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Bawazeer Saud , Raza Muslim , Khan Haroon , Patel Seema , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Background:

Cancer being a genetically heterogeneous and complex disease and the available therapies
are not very effective, rendering them the predominant cause of mortality across the world. The discovery
of new anticancer drugs with higher efficacy and milder side effects is a great challenge for health professionals.

Objective:

The current study focused on the anticancer potential of two known dimeric napthoquiones,
diospyrin (1) and 8-hydroxydiospyrin (2) isolated from the roots of Diospyros lotus.

Methods:

In vitro Epstein-Barr-Virus (EVA) an early antigen activation assay was used to evaluate the antitumor
potential of tested compounds followed by a two-stage carcinogenesis assay on mouse skin for anti-carcinogenic
effect. Compounds were also assessed for their multidrug resistance reversal potential. The in vitro heatinduced
protein denaturation assay was used for the anti-inflammatory effect of the tested compounds.

Results:

Both compounds evoked marked cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 47.40 and 36.91 ppm, respectively. In
Epstein-Barr-Virus (EVA) early antigen activation assay compounds 1 and 2 showed IC50 values of 426 ppm
and 412 ppm, respectively. The tested compounds showed 60% survival rate of the lymphoblastoid Raji cells at
a concentration of 1000 (mol / ratio 32 pmol TPA). In a two-stage carcinogenesis assay on mouse skin, both
compounds significantly delayed the formation of papillomas on mouse skin. Compound 1 showed 50% effect
at 14th week, whereas compound 2 exerted the same effect at 13th week, while both provoked 100% effect at 20th
week. Both compounds significantly attenuated thermal-induced protein denaturation with EC50 values of 298
and 264 μg/mL, respectively. The dimeric napthoquiones were evaluated for their effects on the reversion of
Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) cell lines mediated by P-glycoprotein using rhodamine 123 dye-based exclusion
screening test on human mdr1 gene transfected thymic lymphoma L5178 cell line. The compounds 1 and 2 exhibited
promising MDR reversal effect in a dose-dependent manner against mouse T-lymphoma cell line. Docking
results also showed that both compounds have good docking statistics as compared with standard.

Conclusions:

Both the compounds demonstrated marked anti-tumor, anti-carcinogenic, and MDR reversal effects
with significant attenuation of thermal-induced denaturation of the protein. These compounds may explain
the traditional uses of D. lotus which might be effective anticancer agents.
One Pot Green Synthesis of Doxorubicin and Curcumin Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles and Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Ak Güliz , Karakayalı Tuğba , Cin Ayşe N. , Özel Buket , Şanlıer Şenay H.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Green synthesis, an alternative method for synthesizing nanoparticles, is cheaper, environmentally friendly, and
does not produce toxic effects. Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent used in lung cancer. Curcumin is a bioactive compound with
properties such as an anticancer obtained from Curcuma longa.

Objective:

This study’s objective was to develop Doxorubicin and Curcumin loaded magnetic nanoparticles that could be synthesized by
green tea leaves and investigate cytotoxic effects against the A549-luc-C8, non-small cell lung cancer line.

Methods:

Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized with the green synthesis method. Furthermore, Doxorubicin
and Curcumin were encapsulated into magnetic nanoparticles with the one-pot method and obtained magnetic
nanoparticles characterized using FTIR, SEM/EDX, XRD, and UV-VIS spectrophotometric techniques. After
that, The drug release test was performed by dialysis using pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. MTT assay
was performed to test the cytotoxicity effect in the A549-luc-C8 cell line.

Results:

FTIR analysis verified the magnetic structure and drug loading. SEM images of magnetic nanoparticle releaved that they had a
size of about 50-60 nm in a mono-disperse manner. Drug release after 24 h was found as 5.8% for doxorubicin and 3.4% for curcumin,
showing controlled release.

Conclusion:

Results showed that the prepared magnetic nanoparticles were thought to had synergistic antitumor activity for A549-lucC8.
Accelerator Production of Scandium Radioisotopes: Sc-43, Sc-44, and Sc-47
Authors: Chernysheva Margarita , Loveless Shaun C. , Brossard Tom , Becker Kaelyn , Cingoranelli Shelbie , Aluicio-Sarduy Eduardo , Song Jeongseong , Ellison Paul , Nolen Jerry , Rotsch David A. , Lapi Suzanne E. , Engle Jonathan W.
Published: January 2021

Scandium radioisotopes are increasingly considered viable radiolabels for targeted
molecular imaging (Sc-43, Sc-44) and therapy (Sc-47). Significant technological advances have increased
the quantity and quality of available radioscandium in the past decade, motivated in part by
the chemical similarity of scandium to therapeutic radionuclides like Lu-177. The production and
radiochemical isolation techniques applied to scandium radioisotopes are reviewed, focusing on
charged particle and electron linac initiated reactions and using calcium and titanium as starting materials.
Realidades do mundo do trabalho de uma equipa comunitária de suporte em cuidados paliativos e as suas implicações nos cuidados aos doentes em trajetórias de fim de vida
Authors: Mestre Tatiana Filipa Silva , Silva Carlos Alberto da
Published: January 2021

Discovering the readings of health professionals on home care practices for patients at the end of their life, through a sociological prism, is one way to better understanding the nature of palliative care. In this article, we have explored the voice of healthcare professionals from a Community Palliative Care Support Team (ECSCP), analyzing the implicit textuality of their discourse and perspectives on the nature of palliative, curative and preventive work, challenges of work on end of life process, logic of communication and translation to solve problems at work as part of the patient's end of life trajectory. This article has been prepared on the basis of preliminary data analysis collected between 2019 and 2020, as part of the project funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), entitled ETIC (End-of-Life Trajectories In Care) - Managing end-of-life trajectories in palliative care: a study on the work of healthcare professionals.
Short-Term Wearable Sensors for In-Hospital Medical and Surgical Patients: Mixed Methods Analysis of Patient Perspectives
Authors: Joshi Meera , Archer Stephanie , Morbi Abigail , Arora Sonal , Kwasnicki Richard , Ashrafian Hutan , Khan Sadia , Cooke Graham , Darzi Ara
Published: January 2021

Background

Continuous vital sign monitoring using wearable sensors may enable early detection of patient deterioration and sepsis.

Objective

This study aimed to explore patient experiences with wearable sensor technology and carry out continuous monitoring through questionnaire and interview studies in an acute hospital setting.

Methods

Patients were recruited for a wearable sensor study and were asked to complete a 9-item questionnaire. Patients responses were evaluated using a Likert scale and with continuous variables. A subgroup of surgical patients wearing a Sensium Vital Sign Sensor was invited to participate in semistructured interviews. The Sensium wearable sensor measures the vital signs: heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature. All interview data were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Out of a total of 500 patients, 453 (90.6%) completed the questionnaire. Furthermore, 427 (85.4%) patients agreed that the wearable sensor was comfortable, 429 (85.8%) patients agreed to wear the patch again when in hospital, and 398 (79.6%) patients agreed to wear the patch at home. Overall, 12 surgical patients consented to the interviews. Five main themes of interest to patients emerged from the interviews: (1) centralized monitoring, (2) enhanced feelings of patient safety, (3) impact on nursing staff, (4) comfort and usability, and (5) future use and views on technology.

Conclusions

Overall, the feedback from patients using wearable monitoring sensors was strongly positive with relatively few concerns raised. Patients felt that the wearable sensors would improve their sense of safety, relieve pressure on health care staff, and serve as a favorable aspect of future health care technology.
BELAJAR SPEAKING BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA
Authors: Lubis Tasnim
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran speaking berbasis multimedia melalui pendekatan antropolinguistik. Pendekatan antropolinguistik mengombinasikan pembelajaran tuturan teks bahasa Inggris dalam pembelajaran speaking dengan ko-teks dan konteksnya. Hasil kuesioner, wawancara, dan tugas video merupakan data dalam penelitian ini. Data kuesioner diukur dengan menggunakan skala Likert. Untuk wawancara dan tugas video dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan antropolinguistik yang menganalisis performansi berdasarkan teks, ko-teks, dan konteksnya. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang terdiri dari kondensasi data, data display, dan verifikasi/simpulan. Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa menyukai pembelajaran speaking melalui penggunaan multimedia yang dikemas dalam bentuk tugas video karena mereka dapat langsung praktik menggunakan bahasa Inggris sekaligus dengan menggunakan ko-teks seperti gesture, intonasi, dan peralatan yang digunakan dalam berbicara  seperti penutur asli (native speaker). Selanjutnya untuk konteks, mahasiswa mampu menghadirkan situasi formal untuk scene interview dan situasi nonformal sebelum dan sesudah scene interview. Pembelajaran speaking dengan penggunaan multimedia (tugas video) efektif untuk diaplikasikan di Politeknik LP3I Medan karena dapat membantu dalam menghilangkan sikap negatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggris serta memberikan pemahaman secara langsung mengenai tahapan dalam mempelajari suatu topik pembelajaran.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN GAYA BAHASA PADA PUISI-PUISI KARYA FADLI ZON
Authors: Hasanah Dian Uswatun , Achsani Ferdian , Akbar Al Aziz Iqbal Syahrul
Published: January 2021

Di tengah arus politik yang sedang memanas mendera negeri ini, puisi menjadi salah satu bahan alternatif yang digunakan untuk menyuarakan aspirasi. Fadli Zon merupakan salah satu tokoh yang sedang hangat dibicarakan di media. Sejak kemunculan puisi berjudul “Doa yang Tertukar” dan membuat heboh publik, Fadli terus melahirkan puisi-puisi baru yang membuat suasana politik semakin memanas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasi gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam puisi-puisi Fadli Zon. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian dekriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa dokumen puisi-puisi Fadli Zon yang dinilai viral serta dimuat di twitter dan instagram. Puisi-puisi tersebut berjudul “Doa yang Ditukar”, “Sajak Orang Kaget”, “Arah Baru”, dan “Rakyat Bergerak”. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis isi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data, untuk mengumpulkan dan mempelajari data tertulis puisi-puisi Fadli Zon. Validitas data diperiksa dengan triangulasi teori dan menggunakan teknik interaktif atau mengalir sebagai teknik analisis data. Teknik interaktif meliputi tahap reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya bahasa yang paling dominan digunakan Fadli Zon seperti personifikasi, innuendo, sarkasme, sinisme, epitet, aliterasi, epizeukis, anaphora, dan andiplosis. Beberapa gaya bahasa yang ditemukan dalam puisi-puisi Fadli Zon tersebut, bertujuan untuk memberikan penekanan makna salah satunya yaitu untuk menyindir kebijakan pemerintah yang dianggapnya tidak sesuai dengan keinginannya.