bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora species causing root rot in avocado seedlings at Colombian nurseries: Morphological, molecular, and pathogenic analysis
Authors: Palacios-Joya Lizeth Paola , Rodríguez-Arévalo Kevin Alejandro , Fernando Martínez Mauricio , Murcia-Riaño Nubia , Rodríguez-Mora Diana Milena
Published: January 2025

Expansion of avocado production areas in Colombia has led to an increased demand for plant propagation material. However, this expansion has exacerbated phytosanitary challenges, particularly root rot disease mainly associated with Phytophthora spp. Therefore, this study aimed to identify Phytophthora species associated with root rot in avocado seedlings within nurseries. Avocado plants exhibiting wilting symptoms were collected from nurseries in the departments of Quindío, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Segments of diseased roots were selected, cut, and surface-disinfected, before being planted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) supplemented with antibiotics and fungicides. Microorganism identification was conducted using taxonomic keys and confirmed by molecular techniques employing the identification based on phylogenetic hypothesis, using ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region encoding for rRNA. Isolates obtained from necrotic avocado roots were identified as P. cinnamomi and P. heveae. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed in avocado seedlings through inoculation, resulting in symptom reproduction. Consequently, this study identified P. cinnamomi and P. heveae as causal agents of root rot in avocado during the nursery stage.
Culturing and Long-term Preservation of Cyanobacterial Communities from Environmental Samples v1
Authors: Duxbury Sarah
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes the culturing and long-term preservation of cyanobacterial communities from environmental Samples.
Lipids in microalgae: Quantitation by acid-dichromate method in microtiter plate v2
Authors: Hu Ying-Yu , V. Finkel Zoe
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes a method for quantitating total lipids in microalgae using the acid-dichromate method, a widely used colorimetric analysis technique. We present a procedure utilizing a 96-well microtiter plate for safe and efficient sample handling, enabling high throughput. Only 200 - 500 µl of 0.15% acid-dichromate is required per sample, significantly reducing the amount of corrosive and toxic reagent used. Furthermore, we demonstrate that measuring absorbance at 348 nm provides five times higher sensitivity in lipid quantitation compared to absorbance at 440 nm. A preliminary test for lipid-unknown samples is included to minimize uncertainty in the measurements. This test ensures that the method performs reliably within the detection range of 20 to 80 µg of lipids. Without this test, samples with lipid concentrations outside this range (either less than 20 µg or greater than 80 µg) may result in inaccurate or failed measurements. Specifically, samples with concentrations above 80 µg exhibit a linear response with an opposite slope, which could cause lipid concentrations to be underestimated if the calibration curve based on the 20 to 80 µg range is used. Accurate quantification can be achieved with as little as 20 µg, and the working detection limit is approximately 5 µg.
CRISPR editing of CHMP2B gene in KOLF2.1J AAVS-NGN2 iPSCs v1
Authors: JW Harper , not provided jiuchun_zhang@hms.harvard.edu
Published: January 2025

This protocol describes a method for either knock out of CHMP2B, as well as knockin of CHMP2B Q165X or CHMP2B I29V in human KOLF2.1J AAVS1-NGN2 iPSCs; (see protocol: dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.kqdg3x99eg25/v1) cells using either CAS9 or Cpf1 and electroporation with a NEON system.
The Potential of CO2 Sequestration from Basaltic Rock in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Yusoff Ahmad Fauzan , Hasnan Hijaz Kamal , Roselee Muhammad Hatta , Mustapha Khairul Azlan , Abdul Ghani Azman
Published: January 2025

Basaltic rock is a efficient for long-term solution in carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration because of its ability to chemically bind CO₂ in stable and form a solid mineral, which minimizes the risk of leakage and for permanent storage. This study investigates the mineralogy and geochemistry of Segamat and Kuantan basalts in Peninsular Malaysia to evaluate their suitability for mineral carbonation. Petrographic and mineralogical analyses indicate basalt contains silicate minerals, which are plagioclase (50-60)%, pyroxene (20-30)% and olivine (10-20)% that are highly conducive to CO2 mineral carbonation. Calcite, magnesite, and siderite are expected to form carbonate minerals through chemical reactions. FESEM analysis shows that basaltic rocks have microcracks and micropores, which are tiny spaces within the rock. These structures provide pathways and space for CO₂ to flow and react with the rock, making it easier for the gas to be stored as solid carbonates. This porosity enhances CO₂ absorption and mineralization, improving the efficiency of carbon sequestration. The strategic location of Kuantan near seawater sources offers unlimited access during CO2 injection activities. Both regions exhibit metaluminous properties that are compatible with a diverse range of mineral carbonation techniques. The Segamat and Kuantan basalts are ideal for CO₂ mineral carbonation due to their reactive silicate minerals, potential for carbonate formation (calcite, magnesite, siderite), and favorable microcrack structures. Their metaluminous, silica-undersaturated composition and Kuantan’s proximity to water sources enhance their potential for effective CO₂ storage and mineralization.
Kesesuaian Habitat Tapir Malaya (Tapirus indicus) di Kawasan Hutan Terfragmentasi di Kompleks Hutan Taman Negara
Authors: Tajul Ariffin Nurul Atikah , Ahmad Mustapha Muzzneena , Lihan Tukimat , Khodri Nur Fatin , Mohd Taher Taherah , Abdullah Nur Izzati , Md Nor Shukor
Published: January 2025

Tapir Malaya merupakan spesies endemik negara Asia dan populasi terbesar tapir Malaya adalah di Semenanjung Malaysia dengan rekod kurang daripada 1500 individu. Populasi tapir Malaya yang kian menyusut menyebabkan spesies ini disenaraikan sebagai spesies terancam sejak 2008 di dalam Senarai Merah IUCN. Kehilangan habitat serta kemalangan jalan raya menjadi punca utama penyusutan populasi spesies ini di Semenanjung Malaysia. Melalui kaedah pemodelan entropi maksimum, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti taburan habitat serta ciri habitat yang sesuai bagi tapir Malaya khususnya di kawasan hutan yang terfragmentasi di Kompleks Hutan Taman Negara. Sebanyak 582 rekod kehadiran tapir Malaya dan lima parameter sekitaran iaitu ketinggian, kecerunan, jarak dari perbandaran, jarak dari badan air dan jenis guna tanah digunakan untuk pemodelan. Faktor jenis guna tanah, ketinggian dan kecerunan paling banyak menyumbang kepada model iaitu sebanyak 34.3%, 31.6% dan 17.4%. Faktor jarak dari perbandaran menyumbang sebanyak 9.7% dan faktor jarak dari badan air menyumbang sebanyak 7.0%. Hasil model menunjukkan kawasan hutan yang berdekatan dengan sumber air dengan ketinggian tidak lebih dari 1000 m dan kecerunan kurang dari 30° merupakan habitat yang sesuai bagi tapir di kawasan ini. Ramalan model mendapati kebarangkalian kehadiran tapir adalah tinggi di kawasan perbandaran dan hortikultur. Keputusan kajian ini dapat menjadi panduan dan rujukan untuk usaha pemuliharaan akan datang di kawasan kajian dan juga kawasan seumpamanya.
Angiogenesis Effects of Dental Stem Cells Cultured on Polymer Scaffolds
Authors: MA Nur Najmi , AD Noor Hasila , Azmi Fazren , Osathanon Thanaphum , Megat Abdul Wahab Rohaya , Yazid Farinawati
Published: January 2025

Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, three electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) to identify the related studies using specific keywords and terms. The abstracts were evaluated for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included publications were descriptively analysed. Out of 296 articles found, only nine were included for analysis. The objective of this study was to assess the angiogenesis effects of dental stem cells cultured in a polymer scaffold by evaluating their ability to promote blood vessel formation, cell viability, and tissue regeneration, thereby providing insights into their potential therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Previous studies mainly focused on polymer scaffold research, neglecting the crucial aspect of angiogenesis in pulp regeneration. Despite DPSCs' versatility in bone regeneration, more research is needed to understand their relationship with angiogenesis. The untapped potential of DPSCs in promoting blood vessel formation and tissue regeneration requires further exploration. Limited investigation exists on how the combination of stem cell, angiogenic, and dentin markers affects angiogenesis in DPSCs. The morphological changes DPSCs undergo in scaffold environments and the gene/protein expression analyses in DPSCs on scaffolds with angiogenic factors are areas that still need exploration. This research gap holds promise for enhanced understanding and advancement in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, particularly in DPSCs' connection with scaffolds and angiogenesis. There has been limited research on the interplay of DPSCs, polymer scaffolds, and angiogenesis, with unexplored combined consequences on tissue regeneration. Scaffold-based techniques to investigate angiogenesis with DPSCs are uncommon. Further research might transform tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, spanning beyond dentistry.
A Review on Fish Oil Extraction from Fish by-Product as Sustainable Practices and Resource Utilization in the Fish Processing Industry
Authors: Mamat Muhamad Nor Iqmal Bin , Abdul Rahman Hafeedza , Mohd Razali Noorul Syuhada , Syed Hussain Sharifah Salmah , Kasim Khairul Farihan , Sofian-Seng Noor-Soffalina
Published: January 2025

The fish processing industry generates significant by-products, such as viscera, skin, bones, and heads, which are valuable for producing food, medicinal products, energy, and industrial feedstock. Fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is widely used in nutritional supplements and other applications. Among these by-products, fish viscera contain the highest concentration of oil, making them an ideal target for extraction due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits. Extracting oil from fish by-product helps reduce environmental pollution and promotes sustainable practices by fully utilizing fish resources. This holistic approach contributes to waste reduction and resource efficiency in the fish processing industry. By incorporating sustainable principles into extraction processes - such as using environmentally friendly solvents, implementing efficient solvent recovery systems, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations - companies can enhance the sustainability of their operations while extracting valuable components. As demand for fish-based food products rises, effective extraction of fish oil and fishmeal from by-products becomes increasingly important. Various extraction methods, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, are essential for separating solids, oil, and water to recover valuable components like EPA and DHA. Optimizing these processes and combining different methods can achieve high concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish oil, ranging from 65% to 80%. Emphasizing maximum PUFA content highlights the potential to enhance the quality and nutritional value of fish oil extracted from by-products while advancing sustainability in the fish processing industry.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Content of 22 Sabah Traditional Rice Varieties
Authors: Fui Fui Lem , Chia How Yen , Jing Joanna Ling Siaw , Devina David , Chin Su Na , Chee Fong Tyng
Published: January 2025

Studies have demonstrated that the traditional rice cultivated in Sabah, East Malaysia, exhibits substantial genetic diversity and is renowned for its outstanding nutritional content. However, there are limited studies to ascertain the antioxidant activity and composition of biochemical substances in it. The present study evaluates the antioxidant properties of 22 Sabah Traditional Rice varieties, which are classified into pigmented and non-pigmented types. An analysis was performed on 22 Sabah Traditional Rice varieties to determine their Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and DPPH assay. In addition, a metabolic profiling analysis was performed on biochemical substances extracted from a specific rice variety, Beras Perang, which is known for its high levels of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. It was observed that pigmented rice possesses high phenolic content, namely Beras Perang and Baragang Merah (semi-polished), with values ranging from 1.300±0.004 to 1.967±0.019 mg GAE/g. For TFC results, Beras Perang, Masuri Hitam and Tadong Biasa (unpolished) showed higher abundance (1.000±0.001, 0.888±0.001 and 0.793±0.003 mg QE/g), respectively. The antioxidant assay results indicate that three varieties, namely Baragang Merah (92.832± 0.651%), Beras Perang (91.916± 0.331%), and Rongguol (91.965± 0.515%) have antioxidant levels exceeding 90%. Beras Perang has the greatest levels of TPC, TFC, and antioxidants. In metabolic profile analysis, Beras Perang contains a specific form of linoleic acid (12-oxo-10Z-octadecenoic acid) which is not present in the negative control. In conclusion, Sabah Traditional Rice exhibits a highly promising antioxidant activity, over 90%, making it a potential candidate for further development as an alternative superfood.
Modulation of α7nAchR for Cardioprotection against Isoprenaline- Induced Myocardial Injury
Authors: Chung Chee Hooi , Hasan Mohammad Yusuf , Zainalabidin Satirah , Wee Chua Eng , Ugusman Azizah , Jubri Zakiah , Mahadi Mohd Kaisan
Published: January 2025

The α7nAchR gene is expressed in immune cells, including macrophages, and is linked to cardiovascular diseases. The cardioprotective effects of α7nAchR activation against inflammation in isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury are unclear. This study aims to assess the cardioprotective effects of α7nAChR activation on isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury rats. We hypothesized that α7nAChR activation provides cardioprotection against the myocardial injury via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Isoprenaline hydrochloride (85 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously in rats to induce myocardial injury and activated the a7nAchR through daily transcutaneous tragus stimulation for 14 days at 20 Hz, 0.2 ms, and 2 mA. Examination on Langendorff isolated heart perfusion technique showed improvement in cardiac functions. The electrical stimulation affected collagen deposition, circulating troponin T, and circulating inflammatory marker TNFα. The effects were abolished with pharmacological inhibition of α7nAChR. Further, the role of α7nAChR in ischemia-induced inflammation was studied in RAW264.7 macrophages. Inflammation was activated in RAW264.7 macrophages that were treated with glucose-free media, flushed with 95% N2, and 5% CO2 for 1 h, and reoxygenated in a normoxic incubator for 24 h. a7nAchR stimulation in the activated macrophages reduced pro-inflammatory markers (NO, TNFα) but did not affect anti-inflammatory (IL10, TGFb) expression levels. The reduction in pro-inflammatory factors was linked to the modulation of the transcriptional regulator NFκB, but not STAT3. Our findings suggest that activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may protect against isoprenaline-induced cardiac injury by improving cardiac performance and regulating inflammatory macrophage activity potentially via the NFκB/TNFα pathway.
Performance of Graphene Oxide-Supported Co₃O₄ with Assisted Urea as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in PEMFCs
Authors: Saidin Nur Ubaidah , Zulkefli Nurul Noramelya , Mustapa Padzir Nor Ezzati Amira , Mat Zali Nurazila , Choo Thye Foo , Mohamad Yunus Rozan , Masdar Mohd Shahbudin
Published: January 2025

In this work, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles supported on a graphene oxide (GO) electrocatalyst were synthesized using a simple and low-cost hydrothermal route for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. The effects of varying the urea concentration on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics were investigated in alkaline media using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronoamperometry. The electrocatalyst prepared using cobalt acetate tetrahydrate and urea with a molar ratio of 1:1 exhibited the best ORR activity where the highest onset potential (Eonset) at 0.88 V through four-electron mechanism at 25 °C. The synthesized electrocatalyst also showed improved stability compared with Pt/C. Although CN1-1 exhibits a lower power density (37.9 mW cm⁻2) compared to Pt/C (173.6 mW cm⁻2), it is still expected to be suitable as an ORR electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Inflation Properties in Count Data Distributions: A Three-Decade Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Mohd Tajuddin Razik Ridzuan , Ismail Noriszura
Published: January 2025

Researchers have been proposing inflated models for count data since 1992, which was pioneered by Diane Lambert. In inflated models for count data, the inflation points commonly occurs either at zero and/or one. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been conducted to investigate how popular the studies on inflated models have been since 1992. A total of 724 documents have been retrieved from Scopus database, which include all types of documents and languages. The publications growth rate for the inflated count data models was 16.27%, proving that many researchers were attracted to this area of study. Majority of the documents were articles and written in English. One article published in the R Journal has obtained the most acceptance among the community as seen from the average number of citations each year. The United States of America may have been collaborating with lots of researchers from other countries but the University of São Paulo, Brazil has published the greatest number of documents related to the inflated count data models.
Individual endoprosthetics of the talus bones of both feet: a case study
Authors: Skrebtsov Vladimir V. , Protsko Victor G. , Skrebtsov Alexander V. , Tamoev Sargon K. , Kuznetsov Vasilii V.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Avascular necrosis of the talus bone occurs mainly among the working-age population. In the case of bilateral localization of the pathological process, the choice of tactics for the treatment of patients is an urgent and debatable issue today.
Purpose of the study. To describe the surgical technology and short-term results of surgical treatment of a patient with avascular necrosis of both feet using the method of individual endoprosthetics with ceramic implants.
Description of the case. A 32-year-old patient complained of pain in both ankle joints. Testing on scales before treatment: VAS - 9 points. AOFAS AH - 25 points, FFI - 139 points. A diagnosis: Avascular necrosis of the talus bones of both feet. Bilateral crusarthrosis g. 3. Based on computed tomography, modeling of individual endoprostheses of the talus bones of both feet was performed. At an interval of 4 months, surgical interventions were performed: individual endoprosthetics of the talus, plastic surgery of the lateral ligament complex according to Broström-Gould on the right foot, and individual endoprosthetics of the talus on the left foot. At a follow-up examination after 12 months after surgery on the right foot and 8 months after surgery on the left foot, the patient walks with full support on both lower limbs. Testing on scales: VAS -1 p., AOFAS AH - 82 p., FFI - 28 p.. On control radiographs, the axial relationships in the ankle joints are correct, the joint space is uniform, and no bone destruction is detected.
Conclusion. Analysis of short-term results of surgical treatment showed that individual endoprosthetics of the talus for this pathology is a promising direction that allows preserving the function of the ankle joints and the weight-bearing ability of the lower extremities. The results of dynamic pedobarography allow us to conclude that the biomechanics of the step have significantly improved.
The choice of tactics for simultaneous bilateral hip fracture in an elderly patient. A clinical case.
Authors: Rassamakhin Sergey , Belov Mikhail V. , Belova Ksenia , Gordzheladze Khatia , Vedeneev Yuriy
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background. Simultaneous bilateral hip fractures are a rare injury. The literature describes isolated cases as a result of low-energy exposure.
Aim - to demonstrate the choice of treatment tactics for an elderly patient with a fracture of the necks of both femurs.
Case description. An 84-year-old patient suffered simultaneous fractures of the necks of both femurs as a result of a fall from a height of her own height. She was taken to the emergency room of the hospital, where the diagnostics was performed using the clinical and X-ray examination. After further assessment in the traumatological department and the absence of concomitant diseases decompensation, within 24 hours from the moment of admission, the patient underwent simultaneous sequential endoprosthetics of both hip joints using modular monopolar hemiprostheses in one operating session. Activation of the patient was performed for the next day. At the time of discharge, on the 5th day, the patient was able to move independently using additional support. The results of treatment were assessed within the observation period of 3, 6, 12 months from the moment of surgery, and it was found satisfactory. A year after the operation, the patient moves independently, goes outside with a cane without the help of other persones.
Conclusion. A non-standard clinical case requires a special approach to choosing the right treatment tactics. An interdisciplinary approach and the use of minimally traumatic surgical treatment techniques that allow immediate activation of an elderly patient are priorities in such a situation.
Prospects for the Use of Machine Learning for Mood Disorders
Authors: Mosolova Ekaterina Sergeevna , Alfimov Alexander , Kostyukova Elena , Mosolov Sergey
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Mental disorders are one of the key medical and social issues. Over the last years artificial intelligence (AI) methods including machine and deep learning have been actively developing. This narrative review aimed to identify current and promising areas for the development and application of AI into clinical practice using the example of patients with depression and bipolar disorder.
Methods. The search of publications was performed in January ─ February 2024 in PubMed, Google Scholar, elibrary databases using the combination of keywords: psychiatry, mental health, psychiatric disorder, depression, depressive episode, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence. The review included original articles on the use of AI methods in patients with depression and bipolar disorder, and review articles devoted to the problems of applying AI methods in psychiatry and published in Russian or English in the last 10 years.
Results. Most often, neuroimaging (mainly MRI and EEG), text, audio and video data, electronic device data, molecular genetics, clinical data and its combination, are used for machine learning (ML) models in patients with mood disorders. Despite the potential benefits of AI application in psychiatry, its implementation into clinical practice is currently challenging due to number of difficulties, such as small sample sizes, low representativeness, lack of standardization, inclusion of “noise” and correlated variables into models, lack of model testing on independent samples.
Conclusion. Studies of ML methods have shown promising results for the early diagnosis of affective episodes and predicting response to therapy. However, the use of ML methods into clinical practice has a number of limitations, primarily due to insufficient validation. There is a need for well-designed prospective cohort studies, as well as the development of extensive and high-quality databases and models capable of identifying new relationships between variables in order to overcome these limitations.
"Convertirme a su lado en otro Pangloss"
Authors: Romero Peña Aleix
Published: January 2025

En el siguiente artículo, analizando los papeles cruzados entre Saavedra y Urquijo entre 1798 y 1799, una fuente inédita hasta el momento, estudiamos la práctica política de los ilustrados españoles durante la monarquía de Carlos IV (1788-1808), que se caracteriza por la tensión entre las posiciones de poder que ocuparon y su sorda oposición a algunas de las medidas adoptadas por el rey, con la finalidad de entender sus claves más destacadas.
Prevalence of colorectal malignant and pre-malignant diseases in faecal immunochemical test positive individuals: an observational study
Authors: Siddiquee Muhammad Ali , Islam M. Shahidul , Ovi Mir Rasekh Alam , Jalal Muhammed Tanvir , Uddin Mohammad Azim , Saha Kalyan Kumar , Nasrin Shamima , Ali M. Sumon , Akter Joynab
Published: January 2025

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging clinical entity worldwide. Adenomatous polyps are considered precursors to cancer. For early detection of polyps or ulcers, different screening investigations like colonoscopy, faecal immunochemical test (FIT), gFOBT, CT colonography etc. are used. Despite colonoscopy is being a highly accurate and gold standard therapeutic, it is not easily available in remote areas. The FIT, one of several tests available for CRC screening, is currently used in many countries and well accepted to all patients.
Methods: To find out the prevalence of colorectal malignant and pre-malignant diseases in FIT positive individuals. This prospective cross-sectional observational study was done in the department of colorectal surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university (BSMMU), Dhaka. A total 140 patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. FIT was done who matched. Colonoscopy was done in the FIT positive individuals.
Results: The study patients were aged ≥45 years, with a mean age of 51.73±7.97 years. The most common clinical finding was abdominal pain (n=117), followed mucous discharge (n=56) and changes in bowel habit (n=47). Colonoscopy revealed that 50% of the patients had polyps, 10.71% had nonspecific ulcers, 2.86% had growths, and 12.14% had haemorrhoids. Histopathology showed that 61.43% of the polyps were hyperplastic polyps, and 63.16% of the ulcers were non-specific colitis. Most of the patients had single polyps in colonoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity and PPV of FIT is 85.7%, 97.5% and 66.4% respectively.
Conclusions: The consistent evidence linking FIT positivity to the presence of colorectal malignant and pre-malignant diseases reinforces its efficacy as a frontline screening tool.
Innocent or guilty? a case of diverticular appendix
Authors: Rouxinol Margarida Pires , Batista Maria Gualter , Marques Carolina , Silva Sílvia , Silva André , Ribeiro Artur , Vieira Sousa Paulo Jorge , De Sousa João Pinto
Published: January 2025

Appendix diverticulosis is a relatively rare pathological finding, more common in adult men over the age of 60 years. It is generally an incidental finding on computed tomography (CT) and is clinically asymptomatic. When symptomatic, it is generally complicated by acute or chronic diverticulitis, with or without acute appendicitis. Appendix diverticulosis may be associated with appendix tumors, particularly mucinous ones. The article reports a clinical case of a 68-year-old man referred to a general surgery consultation due to densification of retrocecal fat with associated adenopathies, in the context of investigating abdominal pain. Prophylactic appendectomy is the recommended treatment given the potential for inflammation, perforation and the risk of developing tumors.
Breast implant rupture: removal and re-implantation: a dual case report
Authors: Mude Madhusudana Naik
Published: January 2025

Breast implant surgery is now among the top five plastic surgeries done for cosmetic purpose globally. Silicone implants are the most common type of implants used whereas saline implants are used by very few. In the long run, rupture of the breast implant is a complication of these kind of surgeries. As per one study, over a period of 3-20 years, the silicone implants are likely to rupture. After three years of the breast implant surgery, it has been estimated that the survival rate for the silicone breast implants is around 83-85%. Some implant ruptures are silent or asymptomatic. Early diagnosis by routine ultrasonography is essential to manage the ruptures early. There is very less amount of information available related to breast implant rupture. Here, we present a dual case report related to breast implant rupture one saline and one silicone.
A rare case report of tubercular osteomyelitis of skull presenting as subdural empyema: post autologous cranioplasty
Authors: Boarah Anshuman , Paul Nabajyoti , Saeed Zabeena , P. Y. Prajna
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis is very rampant disease in LMICs, which has the potential to infect almost every organ/tissue of the body. Subdural empyema (SDE) is the suppurative infection of subdural space confined between duramater and arachnoid mater. In this study we present a case report of 66 year old male presenting with pus discharge from the right side of temporal skin flap for 1 month post autologous cranioplasty and was clinically diagnosed as SDE after radiological investigations, and underwent removal of infected cranioplasty flap. The removal of infected cranioplasty flap sent for histopathology examination revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, suggestive of tubercular osteomyelitis, skull. Post-surgery patient started on ATT. Tubercular osteomyelitis of skull can be radiologically misdiagnosed as SDE, hence warranting the HPE/microbiological confirmation.
Correlation of statin therapy and severity of diabetic retinopathy at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India: a randomised control trial
Authors: Chhabra Neha , Raina Rohit
Published: January 2025

Background: Aim was to study the correlation between statin therapy and the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Methods: A randomised control trial was performed at a tertiary care hospital in northern India. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was compared between statin and non-statin users from the fundus examination and medical records of patients presenting to the Outpatient department from July 2022 to May 2023. A total of 100 patients with diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in the study, all meeting the inclusion criteria. The patients were divided into statin users and nonusers. The results were analysed to compare the severity of DR between the two groups.
Results: Out of 45 statin users, 28 (62.2%) had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 10 (22.2%) had a moderate grade of NPDR, 5 (11.1%) had severe NPDR, 1 (2.22%) had PDR and 1 (2.22%) patient had diabetic macular edema (DME). Out of 55 non-statin users, 10 (18.18%) had mild diabetic NPDR, 16 (29.09%) had a moderate grade of NPDR, 16 (29.09%) had severe NPDR, 8(14.54%) had PDR and 4 (7.27%) patients had DME and 1 (1.81%) patient presented with both DME and vitreous haemorrhage (VH).
Conclusions: In type 2 diabetic patients, patients on statins had significantly lower grades of retinopathy as compared to those who were not taking statins. Thus, statins can be given prophylactically to lower the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Clinical trials unveiled: an overview of key concepts, strategies and challenges
Authors: Mishra Lingaraj , Pattnaik Priyanka Priyadarshini , Pattnaik Manoranjan , Patra Jeetendra Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Nayak Shashikanta
Published: January 2025

Carrying out clinical trials is essential for pushing forward the cause of medical science in that such is a stance from which it is possible to provide the proofs necessary for sanctioning new treatment methods including making sure they are safe and generally efficient. Clinical research help researcher to discover new medications to treat, prevention, mitigation of prevailing disease. Because of clinical trial many effective treatments in field of disease, vaccines are available which are quite more effective than the marketed drugs. It can also be said that the clinical research would not be successful without participating subjects. The participating volunteers are irrespective of healthy or have a medical condition. People of any age and backgrounds can participate in the trial. Usually, clinical trials are characterized by multiple problems such as poor recruitment, ethical problems, regulatory issues, and exorbitant prices. The present paper gives a glimpse of the manner in which clinical trials are usually followed, the stages that are typically covered throughout, not forgetting, the most crucial barriers which are involved.
Relationship between cerebral blood flow velocities and sociodemographic characteristics of sickle cell anaemia children aged 2-16 years seen at federal teaching hospital Owerri
Authors: Chinasa Ezeuko Lilian , Erhieyouvbe Odunbvun Magdalene , Udochikwuka Ikejiaku , Ifeanyi Ike Innocent , Ozioma Onwumere Ugonna
Published: January 2025

Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a chronic haemolytic state associated with recurrent blood transfusions, infections and its attendant complications. The study compared the relationship between cerebral artery blood flow velocities (CBFV) and socio-demographic parameters (age, sex, socioeconomic status and age at diagnosis) of male and female SCA children aged 2-16 years seen at Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Imo state.
Methods: Structured questionnaire were used to obtain relevant bio-sociodemographic information’s from SCA children that attended the sickle cell specialist clinic of the hospital between April and September 2023.Later, Transcranial Doppler ultrasound scan was done for them.
Results: A total of 102 subjects were screened within the study period. CBFV decreases with increasing age, 100% of those with abnormal CBFV were aged 2-6 years and 75% females. Majority of children with abnormal CBFV belonged to lower and middle socioeconomic class. Abnormal CBFV was found in 17.6% of subjects
Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal cerebral blood flow velocity in SCA children is 17.6% and majorily in younger age group. Identification of subjects at risk for a CVA helped in primary prevention by prompt therapy institution.
Outcomes of pediatrics cardiac patients in the PICU: an analysis of clinical and echocardiographic risk factors
Authors: Bhat Tahir Iqbal , Bashir Amber , Jan Muzafar , Ali Iftikhar
Published: January 2025

Background: Cardiovascular diseases in pediatric patients present significant challenges in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs), with adverse outcomes influenced by factors such as ventricular dysfunction, sepsis and delayed intervention. Echocardiography plays a vital role in assessing cardiac function, identifying risk factors and guiding treatment. This study aims to analyze the clinical and echocardiographic profiles of pediatric cardiac patients admitted to the PICU and identify critical mortality risk factors to improve care and outcomes.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months from November 2022 to April 2024 in a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar. The study included 103 pediatric patients aged 1 month to 18 years with congenital or acquired heart diseases. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentations, echocardiographic findings, laboratory results and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: The cohort comprised 48 males (46.6%) and 55 females (53.4%), predominantly aged 1 month to 5 years. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) was the most common cardiac anomaly (18%), followed by Tetralogy of Fallot (4.8%). Respiratory distress (65.5%) and bronchopneumonia (30%) were prevalent comorbidities. Significant mortality risk factors included infant age, cyanosis (50% mortality), congestive heart failure (52.3%), deranged kidney function tests, altered pH and prolonged mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and timely interventions targeting high-risk groups are critical to improving survival. Identifying key echocardiographic profiles and clinical risk factors provides insights for optimizing PICU care for pediatric cardiac patients.
Morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Arunachal Pradesh, India: a six-year retrospective study
Authors: Angu Gemmi , Gadi Tunu , Dolley Manoj K. , Byai Tasso
Published: January 2025

Background: The risk of mortality is highest in neonatal period. Every day about 6500 neonates die due to lack of quality neonatal care. Knowledge about spectrum of neonatal morbidity and mortality helps in management of neonatal conditions and diseases which will reduce neonatal mortality rate further. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates admitted in our hospital.
Methods: This study was conducted at level III NICU of Rama Krishna Mission Hospital, Itanagar. This is a retrospective descriptive study. Data of neonates admitted in NICU from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2023 were extracted from admission, discharge register and case record sheet. Data were compiled, tabulated and Statistical analysis was done.
Results: During the study period a total of 2121 neonates were admitted in the NICU, 58.9% were male and 41.1% were females. 54.9% were inborn and 45.1% were outborn. The major causes of admission to NICU were observed to be neonatal jaundice (34.1%), neonatal sepsis (20.8%) and birth asphyxia (12.7%). Mortality during the study was found to be 5.7%. Prematurity with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) (36.7%) was the most common cause of mortality followed by Neonatal sepsis (20.8%) and Birth asphyxia (17.5%). Highest number of death occurred within 7 days of life (82.5%). Mortality was more in inborn babies (68.3%).
Conclusions: RDS, Neonatal sepsis and birth asphyxia are the common cause of mortality. Improving maternal health, antenatal care, postnatal care, timely intervention, capacity building and good connectivity will help reduce neonatal mortality.
Difference in weight gain among breast-fed and mix-fed infants at 6 weeks
Authors: Kaur Akhil Preet , Dhar Sharvil , Khajuria Anmol , Gupta Ravinder K. , Rana Wajid
Published: January 2025

Background: Breastfeeding practice protects children from a large number of illnesses, increases IQ and improves a strong bond between mother and infant. Body weight is an important sign of a baby’s growth and development. The relationship between breastfeeding and body weight is crucial for the wellbeing of neonates.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Paediatrics, ASCOMS, Jammu for a period of 06 months. In the study 200 neonates were included and divided into two groups on the basis of self-reported feeding mode (breast-feeding and mix-feeding). History on maternal parameters and infant parameters at birth and 06 weeks were noted on a pre-designed proforma. The data was recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and was analysed by SPSS 20.0 version.
Results: It has been observed in our study that none of the maternal parameters significantly differed among the two feeding modes (Breast fed and mix-fed). Out of 100 breastfed infants 45% had weight 4.0-4.2 kg, 32% had weight 4.2-4.4 kg, 14% had weight >4.4 kg and 9% had weight<4 kg. Out of mix-fed infants 48% had weight 4.0-4.2 kg, 28% had weight 4.2-4.4 kg, 10% had weight >4.4 kg and 14% had weight<4 kg. Further, the weight gained by infants at 06 weeks after birth slightly differed with breastfed infants having slightly more weight gain as compared to mix-fed infants.
Conclusions: The current study found slight difference in weight gain between infants who were exclusively breastfed and those who were mix-fed at 06 weeks of life.
Congenital myasthenia syndrome due to CHRNA1 mutation resulting in respiratory failure
Authors: Chiramel Jeslin Joshy , C. Praveen Kumar , Thirumalesh Parimala V.
Published: January 2025

CMS is an inherited disorder, characterized by defective transmission at Neuromuscular Junction affecting from birth or soon after. It results in fatigue and muscle weakness because of genetic abnormalities that interfere with the neuromuscular junction's ability to function. The most typical signs of CMS include eyelid drooping, breathing difficulties, muscle weakness and weariness with variations depending on specific genetic mutations. Clinical examinations, neurophysiologic tests, and genetic analyses are frequently combined to make the diagnosis of CMS. Although there is no known treatment for CMS, many patients may control their symptoms and lead relatively normal lives with the right care. A newborn with CMS due to CHRNA1 gene mutation is described in this article, along with its very early onset. The CHRNA1 mutation is a rare variant in the Indian population. Due to muscle weakness, the neonate in this case developed severe respiratory distress and later succumbed to death despite rigorous life-saving measures.
Late onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in a child with Down syndrome
Authors: Singh Shweta , Agrawal Reema
Published: January 2025

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), also known as Ondine syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by alveolar hypoventilation and dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. Late onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (LOCCHS) has been infrequently reported, particularly in patients with Down syndrome. This case report presents an 8-year-old girl with Down syndrome who developed late onset CCHS. Clinical assessments, laboratory tests, and imaging studies were performed to evaluate her condition. The patient exhibited severe respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia, necessitating intubation and mechanical ventilation. Despite multiple extubation attempts, the patient demonstrated no spontaneous breathing. The diagnosis of LOCCHS was considered after excluding other conditions. Unfortunately, the child expired within 24 hours following extubation. LOCCHS should be contemplated in children with unexplained hypoventilation who are challenging to extubate, particularly in the absence of underlying neurological, pulmonary, or cardiac diseases.
Orbital emphysema and medial orbital wall fracture after nose-blowing: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Engert Tobias , Suennen Nathalie
Published: January 2025

Nose-blowing is commonly known as the harmless act of expelling nasal mucus by exhaling forcefully through the nose. We report a case of orbital emphysema in a 49-year-old female patient, who suffered from fractures of the medial orbital wall after forcefully blowing her nose. The patient presented to our emergency department with acute right sided periorbital swelling and pain as well as an unremarkable endoscopic examination of the nose. Prior to the event, a common cold with signs of acute sinusitis had been reported. A trauma to the eye was credibly denied, which is consistent with the medical imaging pattern. A CT-scan confirmed the diagnosis and showed air trapped into the orbit as well as multiple fractures of the lamina papyracea with displaced bone fragments. Visual acuity and extraocular muscle motility were intact. The patient was treated conservatively with prophylactic antibiotics and was instructed not to blow her nose. Follow-up examination after seven days showed a complete remission.
Trans-labyrinthine approach for a huge vestibular schwannoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis 2: our experience
Authors: Kushwah Dhirendra Singh , Aggarwal Nitish
Published: January 2025

Vestibular schwannoma is a schwann cell-derived tumour arising from the vestibulocochlear nerve. These tumours represent 85% of intracranial growths arising at the cerebellopontine angle 1. Various surgical techniques exist for removing it, the most common of which are trans-labyrinthine and retro-sigmoid approaches. The common presenting symptoms include progressive hearing loss and tinnitus which are reported in over 60% of patients. Larger tumours can cause hydrocephalus and brainstem compression leading to symptoms such as facial paraesthesia, vertigo and headache. Here were present a 25 year old male with neurofibromatosis 2 with a huge 4.5 cm vestibular schwannoma successfully removed using trans-labyrinthine approach in our hospital.
María Silvia Valdez García y su mirada desde los márgenes de la historia. El problema de los cuidados en la Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre
Authors: Avila Coronel Francisco
Published: January 2025

La historiografía androcéntrica ha privilegiado los escenarios públicos en los que principalmente predominan los hombres hegemónicos y viriles. En contrapartida, la mayoría de las mujeres y los subalternos han sido segregados de la historia tradicional. El enfoque de la presente investigación busca descentrar la narrativa y revalorizar la mirada de la historia en claves feministas. Por ello, desde un enfoque biográfico, con una metodología etnográfica e interseccional, se busca recuperar la voz de Silvia Valdez García, quien fue base de apoyo de la guerrilla, en busca de potencializar sus saberes y revalorizar sus afectos, plantear preguntas y reflexionar sobre los silencios y omisiones de “las grandes narrativas históricas” y explorar el significado de uno de las acciones guerrilleras de mayor trascendencia en la historia contemporánea de nuestro país, que derivó en la muerte de Eugenio Garza Sada, importante empresario de México desde los años cuarenta, hasta principios de los setenta del siglo xx.
Features of Djordje Branković’s “Slavo-Serbian Chronicle” and Its Russian Subjects
Authors: Polonski Dmitri
Published: January 2025

The huge manuscript “Slavo-Serbian Chronicle”, amounting to about 3,000 pages, was written by Count Djordje Branković (1645—1711) under the conditions of imprisonment to which he was subjected by the Holy Roman Empire authorities. This work can be interpreted as a kind of mirror reflecting the extensive erudition, historical views and political pretensions of its author. For some readers and writers of the 18th century, first of all for the famous Serbian historian Jovan Rajić (1726—1801), the Chronicle served not only as an important source for the formation and transposition of historical knowledge, but also as an occasion for moralistic interpretation of the author’s biography. The peculiarities of the presentation of historical information in Branković’s Chronicle are considered in this article on the example of events of the 16th century related to Russian history. The unpublished fifth book of the “Slavo-Serbian Chronicle” from a manuscript in the Library of the Serbian Patriarchate in Belgrade was used for this purpose. The history of the Chronicle’s reception shows that Djordje Branković’s major work managed to create a special space for the dissemination of knowledge about the past: in the 18th century, the manuscript was repeatedly used by history buffs among the Serbian Orthodox clergy, and by the end of the same century, thanks to the book of Jovan Rajić, dozens of Serbs living in different cities of the Habsburg monarchy had learned about Branković’s Chronicle.
Globalization and Morden Labour Migration
Authors:   Saratov State University, Cherevichko T. V.
Published: January 2025

In the article labour is observed as global resource. Labour migration forms global labour market and composes the basis of different models of globalization. In the article interconnection of models of globalization and forms of labour migration are traced.
Audit of quality of production
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gvozdeva S. M.
Published: January 2025

In article theoretical aspects of audit of quality of production and services at the present stage are considered. The author gives the short characteristic of stages of audit of quality. The role of standardization and certification of production and services in control system TQM is specified.