bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teratognathini Silveira, the priority family-group name for Ancyloscelidini Engel and Michener (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apidae: Eucerinae)
Authors: SHEFFIELD CORY S. , YANEGA DOUG
Published: January 2024

The genus Ancyloscelis Latreille, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a taxon restricted to the Neotropics and southern Nearctic (Michener 1942, 2000, 2007; Schaller and Roig-Alsina 2021; Melo 2022), has been difficult to place precisely within the higher classification of bees (Roig-Alsina and Michener 1993; Aguiar et al. 2019; Freitas et al. 2020), and even the genus name has a confusing history (see Michener 1942). Michener (1944) placed it together with Exomalopsis Spinola, 1853 within the Exomalopsini Vachal, 1909, and Michener and Moure (1957) later expanded this tribe to include ten additional genera, with Ancyloscelis the sole member of one of the five distinct sections they recognized (reviewed by Silveira 1993). Later, Jesus S. Moure (cited in Roig-Alsina and Michener 1993) suggested that the placement of Ancyloscelis should be within Emphorini Robertson, 1904, a position supported in that work. However, Roig-Alsina and Michener (1993) concluded that it differed enough from other members to recognize two subtribes, proposing Ancyloscelina Roig-Alsina and Michener, 1993 containing only the type genus, with the remaining Emphorini recognized at that time (i.e., Diadasia Patton, 1879, Diadasina Moure, 1950, Melitoma Lepeletier and Serville, 1828, and Ptilothrix Smith, 1853) placed in subtribe Emphorina Robertson, 1904. Michener (2000, 2007) and others (Silveira et al. 2002, Rodríguez and Roig-Alsina 2004) continued to recognize Ancyloscelis within Emphorini, but subtribal classifications were not used in those works.
The Role of Protective Factors in Moderating the Association Between Racism and Suicidal Ideation or Depression Among Rural Black Youth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pestaner Mitzi C. , Crumb Loni , Crowe Allison , Cuthrell Kristen Cowan
Published: January 2024

Suicide rates among Black youth have risen faster than any other racial/ethnic group in the past two decades. Black youth residing in rural areas are subject to systemic challenges such as minimal access to mental healthcare providers, generational poverty and oppressive social structures that lead to racial discrimination. Racial discrimination places rural Black youth at increased risk for anxiety, depression, and suicide. Protective factors have been found to mitigate the negative impact of racial discrimination on mental health, but there is limited research covering suicidality and Black youth. This scoping review explores what is known about the role of protective factors in moderating the association between racism/discrimination and suicide risk among Black youth in the United States. Findings were mixed regarding the influence of protective factors in moderating the effects of racial discrimination on suicide risk and more exploration among Black youth in impoverished rural areas is warranted.
Repurposing the K-10: The Factor Structure and Latent Profile of COVID-19 Pandemic-Anchored Psychological Distress Symptoms Among Filipino Teachers
Authors: Mordeno Imelu G. , Piape Queeneh T. , Roño Art Guilleane R. , Abejar Wendel Ann C. , Ferolino Michelle Anne L. , Mendoza Norman B.
Published: January 2024

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is widely utilized to assess non-specific psychological distress. However, when applied to COVID-19 pandemic experiences, its psychometric properties have not been examined. This study investigated the factor structure, reliability, and latent profile of K-10 using data from 3032 Filipino teachers who reflected on their pandemic-related adversity prior to completing K-10. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate five extant models of the K-10’s structure, supporting the two-factor model (i.e., anxiety and depression) as best fitting the data. Both factors showed excellent internal reliability, and criterion-related validity was supported by correlations with anxiety and depression measures. Latent profile analysis revealed a four-class solution, identifying four distinct levels of distress severity. Overall, the contextualized K-10 demonstrated sound psychometric properties, which corroborates and extends its reliability and validity as a measure of pandemic-related distress. Further, the results offer insights into the dimensionality and distress profiles of the K-10 among teachers. Broadly, the findings highlight the importance of valid instruments in assessing contextualized psychological distress.
Facing Caste: Engaging with the Privileged
Authors: Noronha Sujata , Choksi Beena
Published: January 2024

The structural inequalities perpetuated by the caste system are a grave challenge to creating a just society. The education system pays short shrift to this topic and caste discrimination is spoken about without holding caste privilege accountable. Historically, social justice is a core mission of libraries. This project worked closely with a selective sample of seven library educators—most with caste privilege—to (a) examine their knowledge, attitudes and practices on caste issues through reading caste literature, reflective discussions and introspective journaling and (b) understand their preparedness to engage in discussions on caste with children from privileged backgrounds. Children’s responses to caste-themed stories and library activities showed a readiness to engage with the topic. This study found that a more robust pedagogy for the privileged is needed to face caste.
A health monitoring technique for spherical structures based on multi-acoustic source localization
Authors: Zhou Zixian , Cui Zhiwen , Liu Jinxia , Kundu Tribikram
Published: January 2024

Multi-acoustic source localization (MASL) technique has important applications in the early warning and maintenance of spherical structures. Without solving complex nonlinear equations and without knowing the wave velocity distribution a priori, this work demonstrates the feasibility of MASL on the surface of spherical structures using L-shaped sensor clusters. The positions of multiple acoustic sources can be localized using only time difference of arrival values. Relative location determination and relative probability density analysis have been presented and verified to eliminate two types of pseudo-sources. Simulations are performed for isotropic and anisotropic spherical shells. The proposed technique is validated experimentally for stainless steel spherical shells. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed technique can enable MASL in spherical structures without knowing the wave velocity in the material.
The specter of race in global Covid-19 responses: the future is decolonial
Authors: Phiri Madalitso Z.
Published: January 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic reified pre-existing inequalities predicated on anti-Black racism, imperial geographical cartography, and the violent language of biomilitarism. In this reflective essay I deploy tools of historical sociology to underscore the importance of race, racism, racialization, and global responses to pandemics. I considerer the following questions. First, how can world society develop ideas and concepts for the imagination of a post-imperial global health regime? Second, can alternative futures be imagined if the monopolistic control of power, global scientific processes and knowledge regime is framed around a problematic lexicography of a Eurocentric totalizing project of being human? Lastly, if there is a scientific consensus that we need alternative futures, what kinds of knowledge is needed to bring about a post-imperial liberated order? The future of global health regime is a decolonial one predicated on a new biopolitics. I provide four paradigmatic approaches to subvert imperial global health: (i) pivoting ecocide in the imperial global health regime; (ii) abandonment of a Eurocentric conceptualization of racial hierarchy and modernity; (iii) disbanding the commodification of public health; and (iv) organizing a new world order through health reparations.
Comparison of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of halloysite nanotubes and organoclays as green source materials
Authors: Çankaya Nevin , Ünal Arzu , Korcan Safiye Elif
Published: January 2024

The antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant effects of halloysite nanoclay, Cloisite 10A (C10A) and Cloisite 15A (C15A) organonanoclays were examined in this study. The antimicrobial action was assessed using the agar-well method and the disc diffusion method. The free radical-scavenging effects of the clays were determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Halloysite showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. C10A was effective against both Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis and E. faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa). Additionally, only C10A was found to have an antimicrobial effect on Candida glabrata of 18 mm amongst the tested clays. C15A showed an antimicrobial effect on S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. It was determined that the antifungal properties of organoclays were higher than those of halloysite. The most effective clay type was determined to be C10A. The positively charged inner surface of the halloysite nanoclay can provide a large area to which negatively charged free radicals can attach. The modified C15A used in this study has two long-chain alkyl groups attached, whereas the modified C10A has a single long-chain alkyl group and a benzyl group attached. It is proposed that the differences in these antimicrobial effects are due to the structures of the molecules. According to these results, organoclays as green source materials could be used as additives and coatings in food processing, biomedical devices, filters and paints due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Comparative and integrative single cell analysis reveals new insights into the transcriptional immaturity of stem cell-derived β cells
Authors: Schmidt Mason D. , Ishahak Matthew , Augsornworawat Punn , Millman Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2024

Diabetes cell replacement therapy has the potential to be transformed by human pluripotent stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells). However, the precise identity of SC-β cells in relationship to primary fetal and adult β-cells remains unclear. Here, we used single-cell sequencing datasets to characterize the transcriptional identity of islets from in vitro differentiation, fetal islets, and adult islets. Our analysis revealed that SC-β cells share a core β-cell transcriptional identity with human adult and fetal β-cells, however SC-β cells possess a unique transcriptional profile characterized by the persistent expression and activation of progenitor and neural-biased gene networks. These networks are present in SC-β cells, irrespective of the derivation protocol used. Notably, fetal β-cells also exhibit this neural signature at the transcriptional level. Our findings offer insights into the transcriptional identity of SC-β cells and underscore the need for further investigation of the role of neural transcriptional networks in their development.
Preventive treatment patterns in the adult migraine population: an observational UK study over 7 years
Authors: Kernick David , Kondori Nazanin , Pain Andrew , Mount Julie , Appel Camilla , Ranopa Michael , Gulati Tania
Published: January 2024

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) are recommended by the United Kingdom National Institute of Health and Care Excellence for the prevention of migraine as treatment beyond third line. We report migraine prevalence and preventive treatment patterns in the adult United Kingdom primary care population over a 7.5-year period, focusing on patients ceasing ≥ 3 oral preventive medication classes.

Methods

Study populations were retrieved from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database (study period: 19 September 2012 to 1 January 2020; inclusion criteria: ≥12 months follow-up, current-in-dataset, adult on 1 January 2020). Patients who used ≥ 1 oral preventive medication with ≥ 3-year follow-up after first prescription were considered preventive treatment users; class cessation was defined as cessation without evidence of restart within 6 months from end-of-supply date.

Results

On 1 January 2020, 3.0% of the total study population were diagnosed with migraine (n = 81,190/2,664,306); of these, 42.4% were preventive treatment users (n = 34,448/81,190). The most frequently used oral migraine preventive medication classes were beta-blockers (n = 14,713), tricyclic antidepressants (n = 14,415) and antiepileptics (n = 6497). Among preventive treatment users, 7.7% (n = 2653/34,448) ceased ≥ 3 oral preventive medication classes; of these, 21.7% (n = 576/2653) had been referred to a neurologist.

Conclusions

Compared to existing population-based estimates of migraine prevalence, our data further corroborates that a considerable proportion of patients with migraine do not seek treatment. Among those who sought primary care within a 7.5-year period, almost half received empirical oral preventive treatment. Importantly, nearly 1 of 10 preventive treatment users ceased ≥ 3 oral preventive medication classes, highlighting a need for additional therapeutic options. These patients may benefit from CGRP antagonists and/or injectable onabotulinumtoxinA; however, only a minority was referred to specialist care, where these options would be more available.

Trial Registration

Not applicable.
Plantar pressure distribution and altered postural control in multibacillary leprosy patients
Authors: Da Cruz Junior Alex Tadeu Viana , Vasconcelos Beatriz Helena Baldez , Barroso Tatiana Generoso Campos Pinho , Souza Givago Silva , Monteiro Luis Carlos Pereira , Xavier Marília Brasil , Callegari Bianca
Published: January 2024

Background

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, predominantly affecting the peripheral nerves, resulting in sensory and motor deficits in the feet. Foot ulcers and imbalances are frequent manifestations in leprosy, often correlating with diminished sensitivity. While clinical scales and monofilament esthesiometers are conventionally utilized to evaluate foot sensitivity and balance in these patients, their discriminatory power is limited and their effectiveness is greatly dependent on the examiner’s proficiency. In contrast, baropodometry and posturography offer a more comprehensive evaluation, aiming to preempt potential damage events. This study aimed was to assess the correlation between baropodometry and force plate measurements in leprosy patients and control participants, to improve the prevention and treatment of foot ulcers and complications associated with leprosy.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2022 and enrolled 39 participants (22 patients with multibacillary leprosy and 17 non-leprosy controls). Demographic data were collected, and a monofilament esthesiometer was used to assess sensory deficits. In addition, physical examinations and balance and plantar pressure tests were conducted.

The Student’s t-test was used to compare mean and maximum plantar pressures between groups. For most COP variables, a Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test was used, except for AP amplitude which was analyzed with the Student’s t-test due to its normal distribution. The relationship between foot pressure and balance control was assessed using Spearman’s correlation, focusing on areas with significant pressure differences between groups.

Principal findings

Leprosy patients showed increased pressure in forefoot areas (T1, M1, T2-T5, and M2) and decreased pressure in hindfoot regions (MH and LH) compared to controls. These patients also displayed higher AP and ML amplitudes, suggesting poorer COP control. Correlation analyses between the two groups revealed that foot plantar pressures significantly impact balance control. Specifically, increased T1 region pressures correlated with greater sway in balance tasks, while decreased MH region pressures were linked to reduced COP control.

Conclusions/significance

The findings suggest a joint disturbance of plantar pressure distribution and static balance control in leprosy patients. These alterations may increase the risk of tissue injuries, including calluses and deformities, as well as falls.
Deep learning in computed tomography to predict endotype in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Du Weidong , Kang Weipiao , Lai Shixin , Cai Zehong , Chen Yaowen , Zhang Xiaolei , Lin Yu
Published: January 2024

Background

As treatment strategies differ according to endotype, rhinologists must accurately determine the endotype in patients affected by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) for the appropriate management. In this study, we aim to construct a novel deep learning model using paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) to predict the endotype in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods

We included patients diagnosed with CRSwNP between January 1, 2020, and April 31, 2023. The endotype of patients with CRSwNP in this study was classified as eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic. Sinus CT images (29,993 images) were retrospectively collected, including the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes, and randomly divided into training, validation, and testing sets. A residual network-18 was used to construct the deep learning model based on these images. Loss functions, accuracy functions, confusion matrices, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive performance of the model. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping was performed to visualize and interpret the operating principles of the model.

Results

Among 251 included patients, 86 and 165 had eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic CRSwNP, respectively. The median (interquartile range) patient age was 49 years (37–58 years), and 153 (61.0%) were male. The deep learning model showed good discriminative performance in the training and validation sets, with areas under the curves of 0.993 and 0.966, respectively. To confirm the model generalizability, the receiver operating characteristic curve in the testing set showed good discriminative performance, with an area under the curve of 0.963. The Kappa scores of the confusion matrices in the training, validation, and testing sets were 0.985, 0.928, and 0.922, respectively. Finally, the constructed deep learning model was used to predict the endotype of all patients, resulting in an area under the curve of 0.962.

Conclusions

The deep learning model developed in this study may provide a novel noninvasive method for rhinologists to evaluate endotypes in patients with CRSwNP and help develop precise treatment strategies.
Associations of polymetabolic risk of high maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index with pregnancy complications, birth outcomes, and early childhood neurodevelopment: findings from two pregnancy cohorts
Authors: Girchenko Polina , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Hämäläinen Esa , Laivuori Hannele , Villa Pia M. , Kajantie Eero , Räikkönen Katri
Published: January 2024

Background

A substantial proportion of maternal pregnancy complications, adverse birth outcomes and neurodevelopmental delay in children may be attributable to high maternal pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI). However, BMI alone is insufficient for the identification of all at-risk mothers and children as many women with non-obesity(< 30 kg/m2) or normal weight(18.5–24.99 kg/m2) and their children may suffer from adversities. Evidence suggests that BMI-related metabolic changes during pregnancy may predict adverse mother–child outcomes better than maternal anthropometric BMI.

Methods

In a cohort of 425 mother–child dyads, we identified maternal BMI-defined metabolome based on associations of 95 metabolic measures measured three times during pregnancy with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. We then examined whether maternal BMI-defined metabolome performed better than anthropometric BMI in predicting gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, gestational weight gain (GWG), Caesarian section delivery, child gestational age and weight at birth, preterm birth, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and childhood neurodevelopment. Based on metabolic measures with the highest contributions to BMI-defined metabolome, including inflammatory and glycolysis-related measures, fatty acids, fluid balance, ketone bodies, lipids and amino acids, we created a set of maternal high BMI-related polymetabolic risk scores (PMRSs), and in an independent replication cohort of 489 mother–child dyads tested their performance in predicting the same set of mother–child outcomes in comparison to anthropometric BMI.

Results

BMI-defined metabolome predicted all of the studied mother–child outcomes and improved their prediction over anthropometric BMI, except for gestational hypertension and GWG. BMI-related PMRSs predicted gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, Caesarian section delivery, admission to NICU, lower gestational age at birth, lower cognitive development score of the child, and improved their prediction over anthropometric BMI. BMI-related PMRSs predicted gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, Caesarean section delivery, NICU admission and child’s lower gestational age at birth even at the levels of maternal non-obesity and normal weight.

Conclusions

Maternal BMI-defined metabolome improves the prediction of pregnancy complications, birth outcomes, and neurodevelopment in children over anthropometric BMI. The novel, BMI-related PMRSs generated based on the BMI-defined metabolome have the potential to become biomarkers identifying at-risk mothers and their children for timely targeted interventions even at the level of maternal non-obesity and normal weight.
Automated evaluation of masseter muscle volume: deep learning prognostic approach in oral cancer
Authors: Sakamoto Katsuya , Hiraoka Shin-ichiro , Kawamura Kohei , Ruan Peiying , Uchida Shuji , Akiyama Ryo , Lee Chonho , Ide Kazuki , Tanaka Susumu
Published: January 2024

Background

Sarcopenia has been identified as a potential negative prognostic factor in cancer patients. In this study, our objective was to investigate the relationship between the assessment method for sarcopenia using the masseter muscle volume measured on computed tomography (CT) images and the life expectancy of patients with oral cancer. We also developed a learning model using deep learning to automatically extract the masseter muscle volume and investigated its association with the life expectancy of oral cancer patients.

Methods

To develop the learning model for masseter muscle volume, we used manually extracted data from CT images of 277 patients. We established the association between manually extracted masseter muscle volume and the life expectancy of oral cancer patients. Additionally, we compared the correlation between the groups of manual and automatic extraction in the masseter muscle volume learning model.

Results

Our findings revealed a significant association between manually extracted masseter muscle volume on CT images and the life expectancy of patients with oral cancer. Notably, the manual and automatic extraction groups in the masseter muscle volume learning model showed a high correlation. Furthermore, the masseter muscle volume automatically extracted using the developed learning model exhibited a strong association with life expectancy.

Conclusions

The sarcopenia assessment method is useful for predicting the life expectancy of patients with oral cancer. In the future, it is crucial to validate and analyze various factors within the oral surgery field, extending beyond cancer patients.
Best practice for integrating digital interventions into clinical care for young people at risk of suicide: a Delphi study
Authors: Bailey Eleanor , Bellairs-Walsh India , Reavley Nicola , Gooding Piers , Hetrick Sarah , Rice Simon , Boland Alexandra , Robinson Jo
Published: January 2024

Background

Digital tools have the capacity to complement and enhance clinical care for young people at risk of suicide. Despite the rapid rise of digital tools, their rate of integration into clinical practice remains low. The poor uptake of digital tools may be in part due to the lack of best-practice guidelines for clinicians and services to safely apply them with this population.

Methods

A Delphi study was conducted to produce a set of best-practice guidelines for clinicians and services on integrating digital tools into clinical care for young people at risk of suicide. First, a questionnaire was developed incorporating action items derived from peer-reviewed and grey literature, and stakeholder interviews with 17 participants. Next, two independent expert panels comprising professionals (academics and clinical staff; n = 20) and young people with lived experience of using digital technology for support with suicidal thoughts and behaviours (n = 29) rated items across two consensus rounds. Items reaching consensus (rated as “essential” or “important” by at least 80% of panel members) at the end of round two were collated into a set of guidelines.

Results

Out of 326 individual items rated by the panels, 188 (57.7%) reached consensus for inclusion in the guidelines. The endorsed items provide guidance on important topics when working with young people, including when and for whom digital tools should be used, how to select a digital tool and identify potentially harmful content, and identifying and managing suicide risk conveyed via digital tools. Several items directed at services (rather than individual clinicians) were also endorsed.

Conclusions

This study offers world-first evidence-informed guidelines for clinicians and services to integrate digital tools into clinical care for young people at risk of suicide. Implementation of the guidelines is an important next step and will hopefully lead to improved uptake of potentially helpful digital tools in clinical practice.
Comorbidity of behavioral problems and parental acceptance-rejection in children diagnosed with chest discomfort, palpitations, vasovagal syncope, and underlying heart disease: a multiple case-control study
Authors: Dönmez Yasemin Nuran , Giray Dilek , Epcacan Serdar , Yalçin Siddika Songül
Published: January 2024

Background

Children who experience chest discomfort, palpitations, vasovagal syncope, and underlying heart disease often present a complex clinical picture. Not only are they dealing with potential cardiac issues, but they may also exhibit behavioral problems that can complicate the diagnostic and treatment process. Moreover, parental acceptance or rejection can significantly influence the child’s well-being and medical outcomes in such cases. This study aims to explore the comorbidity of behavioral problems and parental acceptance-rejection in children diagnosed with these cardiac symptoms and underlying heart disease.

Methods

In a case-control study, the Parental Acceptance - Rejection Questionnaire and Parental version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was filled by parents of 314 patients from pediatric cardiology clinic.

Results

The control group scored substantially lower overall according to SDQ. The vasovagal syncope subgroup was found to have considerably lower scores on the subscale. The group with chest discomfort scored highly in hostility and aggression in the PARQ. In comparison to the other groups, the vasovagal syncope and chest pain group demonstrated higher scores in undifferentiated rejection and total score.

Conclusion

This study showed a correlation between children’s behavioral and emotional problems and cardiac symptoms. This states that children’s relationship with their parents has an impact on their symptoms. It will be necessary to conduct further studies to determine a causal association and devise preventative measures.
Ethno-racial variations in mental health symptoms among sexually-active gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Vancouver, Canada: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Bao Seraph L. , Olarewaju Gbolahan , Wang Lu , Sang Jordan , Zhu Julia , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Lal Allan , Ablona Aidan , Ho Darren , Baharuddin Fahmy , Villa Lorenz , Lambert Sandy , Dulai Joshun , Moore David M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Minority stress from racism and heterosexism may uniquely interact to impact the mental health of racialized sexual minorities. We examined variations in anxiety and depressive symptoms by reported by ethno-racial identity among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods

We recruited gbMSM aged ≥ 16 years from February 2012 to February 2015 using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Participants completed computer assisted self-interviews (CASI) at enrollment and every 6 months until February 2017. We examined factors associated with moderate/severe anxiety and depression scores (> 10) on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and differences in key explanatory variables including sociodemographic, psychosocial, and substance use factors. We used multivariable mixed effects models to assess whether moderate/severe scores were associated with ethno-racial identity across all visits.

Results

After RDS-adjustment, of 774 participants, 79.9% of participants identified as gay. 68.6% identified as white, 9.2% as Asian, 9.8% as Indigenous, 7.3% as Latin American, and 5.1% as other ethno-racial identities. Participants contributed a median of 6 follow-up visits (Q1-Q3: 4–7). In the multivariable analysis, Asian participants had decreased odds of moderate/severe anxiety scores compared to white participants (aOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18–0.86), and Latin American participants had decreased odds of moderate/severe depression scores compared to both white (aOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08–0.36) and Asian (aOR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02–0.20) participants.

Conclusion

Asian and Latino gbMSM reported decreased mental health symptoms compared to white participants. Asian and Latino gbMSM in Vancouver appear to manage multiple minority stressors without adversely affecting their mental health.
Perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes after cryoablation or partial nephrectomy for small renal masses in solitary kidneys: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Li , Bao Er-hao , Wang Lei , Wang Jia-hao , Yang Lin , Zhu Ping-yu
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study aims to compare the perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes of cryoablation (CA) and partial nephrectomy (PN) for managing small renal masses in patients with solitary kidneys. The study seeks to assess the efficacy and safety of both interventions, evaluating their impact on kidney function and their ability to mitigate cancer recurrence.

Methods

Searches were systematically conducted on PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SinoMed, and Google Scholar, identifying seven observational studies. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata v.12.0 and Review Manager version 5.2. Results for dichotomous variables are expressed using odds ratios, and weighted mean differences are used for continuous variables.

Results

Our findings revealed that patients undergoing CA experienced significantly shorter operative time (p < 0.0001), reduced estimated blood loss (p < 0.00001), a shorter length of stay (p = 0.0001), and fewer postoperative complications (p = 0.02) compared to those undergoing PN. Although the CA group exhibited a lower transfusion rate (p = 0.69) compared with the PN group, the difference was not statistically significant. The combined data analysis demonstrated a significantly lower increase in serum creatinine levels after surgery in the CA group compared with the PN group (p = 0.003). Similarly, there was a noteworthy decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate after surgery in the PN group compared with the CA group (p < 0.0001). While not statistically significant, the CA group showed a lower postoperative dialysis rate (p = 0.11). Regarding oncological outcomes, the analysis revealed no significant differences between CA and PN concerning local recurrence (p = 0.2) and distant metastasis (p = 0.12), respectively.

Conclusions

Our analysis indicates comparable efficacy between PN and CA in controlling tumour recurrence and metastasis. However, CA is associated with superior preservation of renal function, significantly enhanced perioperative outcomes, and fewer postoperative complications. Based on our data, it can be inferred that the scope for applying CA might be expanded to encompass more patients seeking a less invasive treatment option.
Building gender-specific sexually transmitted infection risk prediction models using CatBoost algorithm and NHANES data
Authors: Hu Mengjie , Peng Han , Zhang Xuan , Wang Lefeng , Ren Jingjing
Published: January 2024

Background and aims

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant global public health challenge due to their high incidence rate and potential for severe consequences when early intervention is neglected. Research shows an upward trend in absolute cases and DALY numbers of STIs, with syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes exhibiting an increasing trend in age-standardized rate (ASR) from 2010 to 2019. Machine learning (ML) presents significant advantages in disease prediction, with several studies exploring its potential for STI prediction. The objective of this study is to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models based on the CatBoost algorithm using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for training and validation, with sub-group analysis performed on each STI. The female sub-group also includes human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.

Methods

The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program to build males-based and females-based STI risk prediction models using the CatBoost algorithm. Data was collected from 12,053 participants aged 18 to 59 years old, with general demographic characteristics and sexual behavior questionnaire responses included as features. The Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach (ADASYN) algorithm was used to address data imbalance, and 15 machine learning algorithms were evaluated before ultimately selecting the CatBoost algorithm. The SHAP method was employed to enhance interpretability by identifying feature importance in the model’s STIs risk prediction.

Results

The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.9995, 0.9948, 0.9923, and 0.9996 and 0.9769 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, and overall STIs infections among males. The CatBoost classifier achieved AUC values of 0.9971, 0.972, 0.9765, 1, 0.9485 and 0.8819 for predicting chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, HPV and overall STIs infections among females. The characteristics of having sex with new partner/year, times having sex without condom/year, and the number of female vaginal sex partners/lifetime have been identified as the top three significant predictors for the overall risk of male STIs. Similarly, ever having anal sex with a man, age and the number of male vaginal sex partners/lifetime have been identified as the top three significant predictors for the overall risk of female STIs.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the CatBoost classifier in predicting STI risks among both male and female populations. The SHAP algorithm revealed key predictors for each infection, highlighting consistent demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors across different STIs. These insights can guide targeted prevention strategies and interventions to alleviate the impact of STIs on public health.
Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Sha , Liang Qinglong , Tao Hong , Fan Sisi , Xia Yuting , Zeng Lihong , Wang Guiyun , Liu Huan , Huang Hui , Xiao Jinnan
Published: January 2024

Background

Nursing interns often experience lots of challenges during their clinical nursing internships, which can adversely affect career decisions and result in a squandering of nursing education resources. Patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring may affect nursing interns’ clinical experience. However, more evidence is requested to validate these relationships for nursing educators to develop effective education programs and facilitate interns’ successful transition.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study, which used a convenience sampling method to recruit 387 nursing interns during December 2022 to April 2023 in university affiliated hospital in Hunan province, China. Data were collected using standardized scales. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between transition shock, patient safety attitudes, professional identity, and climate of caring.

Results

Nursing interns experienced transition shock at a moderate level and the highest levels of transition shock in response to overwhelming practicum workloads, with the second being related to the conflict between theory and practice. Transition shock was negatively correlated with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring among nursing interns.

Conclusions

Nursing managers and educators need to value the transition shock experienced by nursing interns. Our study suggests that developing a strong sense of professional identity and a positive attitude toward patient safety can be effective in reducing the level of transition shock among nursing interns. In addition, a caring climate within the nursing unit can significantly enhance the overall experience of nursing interns. This can be achieved by enhancing the support of clinical mentors, providing patient safety-focused education, and facilitating team communication among nurses.
Contributing to health system resilience during pandemics via purchasing and supply strategies: an exploratory system dynamics approach
Authors: Götz Paula , Auping Willem L. , Hinrichs-Krapels Saba
Published: January 2024

Background

Health systems worldwide struggled to obtain sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic due to global supply chain disruptions. Our study’s aim was to create a proof-of-concept model that would simulate the effects of supply strategies under various scenarios, to ultimately help decision-makers decide on alternative supply strategies for future similar health system related crises.

Methods

We developed a system dynamics model that linked a disease transmission model structure (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered (SEIR)) with a model for the availability of critical supplies in hospitals; thereby connecting care demand (patients’ critical care in hospitals), with care supply (available critical equipment and supplies). To inform the model structure, we used data on critical decisions and events taking place surrounding purchase, supply, and availability of PPE and ventilators during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic within the English national health system. We used exploratory modelling and analysis to assess the effects of uncertainties on different supply strategies in the English health system under different scenarios. Strategies analysed were: (i) purchasing from the world market or (ii) through direct tender, (iii) stockpiling, (iv) domestic production, (v) supporting innovative supply strategies, or (vi) loaning ventilators from the private sector.

Results

We found through our exploratory analysis that a long-lasting shortage in PPE and ventilators is likely to be apparent in various scenarios. When considering the worst-case scenario, our proof-of-concept model shows that purchasing PPE and ventilators from the world market or through direct tender have the greatest influence on reducing supply shortages, compared to producing domestically or through supporting innovative supply strategies. However, these supply strategies are affected most by delays in their shipment time or set-up.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that using a system dynamics and exploratory modelling approach can be helpful in identifying the purchasing and supply chain strategies that contribute to the preparedness and responsiveness of health systems during crises. Our results suggest that to improve health systems’ resilience during pandemics or similar resource-constrained situations, purchasing and supply chain decision-makers can develop crisis frameworks that propose a plan of action and consequently accelerate and improve procurement processes and other governance processes during health-related crises; implement diverse supplier frameworks; and (re)consider stockpiling. This proof-of-concept model demonstrates the importance of including critical supply chain strategies as part of the preparedness and response activities to contribute to health system resilience.
Availability of antimalarial medicines and inventory management at the community level: a case study of Bugesera district in Rwanda
Authors: Gakinahe Godelive Umulerwa , Rutungwa Eugene , Mbonyinshuti Francois , Kayitare Egide
Published: January 2024

Background

Malaria is a public health hazard globally, with Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for more than 90% of malaria deaths, primarily affecting children under the age of five. In Rwanda, malaria interventions include the availability of antimalarial medications, notably Artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) and quick diagnostic test kits (RDTs). However, the availability of antimalarial medicines and its related inventory management at community level in Rwanda has yet to be identified.

Methods

The study was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study involved the Community Health Workers (CHWs) in Bugesera District, working as a team of one male-female pair called Binômes. CHWs provide Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) and treatment of Malaria in the villages. The sample size was 295 and respondents were selected using convenient random sampling from 15 sectors of Bugesera District, each cell being represented. A structured research questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaires were filled by CHWs who were available for this study at the time of data collection. Collected data were exported to SPSS version 26 for coding and analysis.

Results

The CHWs reported to be actively involved in managing the antimalarial medicines inventory. Overall, 64.1% of CHWs indicated that the population could easily obtain antimalarial medicines from community health workers and 31.2% attested that people could also obtain antimalarial medicines from the health centers. Majority of respondents 78% confirmed that the CHWs had the appropriate storage conditions for antimalarial medicines, while the overall stock out recorded was 3.20%. Furthermore, CHWs described some challenges, including but not limited to, lack of appropriate or dependable transportation and inappropriate medicines storage. Transportation was reported as a critical barrier for accessing antimalarial medicines. The majority, 70,85% travel on foot while 25.4% reported that CHWs walk for a distance between 1 and 2 h for resupply of antimalarial medicines.

Conclusion

This study investigated the availability of antimalarial medicines and inventory management challenges at community level in Rwanda. Addressing these challenges will reduce the rate of stockout and increase the availability of antimalarial medicine at community level. Appropriate storage, and reduction of stock out rate, will serve to strengthen the current CHWs system, and provide critical guidance for the evolution of CHWs’ systems in Rwanda.
RUNX1 targeting AKT3 promotes alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in LPS induced ARDS
Authors: Xiao Chuan , Liu Jiaoyangzi , Cheng Yumei , Wu Yingxia , Li Qing , Chen Xianjun , Yuan Jia , Dong Qi , Li Lu , liu Ying , Shen Feng
Published: January 2024

Background

Alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition are mainly responsible for massive alveolar fibrin deposition, which are closely related with refractory hypoxemia in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our previous study testified runt-related transcription factor (RUNX1) participated in the regulation of this pathophysiology in this syndrome, but the mechanism is unknown. We speculate that screening the downstream genes associated with RUNX1 will presumably help uncover the mechanism of RUNX1.

Methods

Genes associated with RUNX1 were screened by CHIP-seq, among which the target gene was verified by Dual Luciferase experiment. Then the efficacy of the target gene on alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in LPS-induced ARDS was explored in vivo as well as in vitro. Finally, whether the regulatory effects of RUNX1 on alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic in ARDS would be related with the screened target gene was also sufficiently explored.

Results

Among these screened genes, AKT3 was verified to be the direct target gene of RUNX1. Results showed that AKT3 was highly expressed either in lung tissues of LPS-induced rat ARDS or in LPS-treated alveolar epithelia cell type II (AECII). Tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were increasingly expressed both in lung tissues of ARDS and in LPS-induced AECII, which were all significantly attenuated by down-regulation of AKT3. Inhibition of AKT3 gene obviously ameliorated the LPS-induced lung injury as well as the collagen I expression in ARDS. RUNX1 overexpression not only promoted the expressions of TF, PAI-1, but also boosted AKT3 expression in vitro. More importantly, the efficacy of RUNX1 on TF, PAI-1 were all effectively reversed by down-regulation of AKT3 gene.

Conclusion

AKT3 is an important target gene of RUNX1, through which RUNX1 exerted its regulatory role on alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in LPS-induced ARDS. RUNX1/ATK3 signaling axis is expected to be a new target for the exploration of ARDS genesis and treatment.