bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 1. Comparison of Scalar and Vector Magnetometers for Aeromagnetic Surveys and an Equivalent Source Interpolator for Combining, Gridding, and Transforming Fixed Altitude and Draping Data Sets
Authors: Gavazzi B. , Bertrand L. , Munschy M. , Mercier de Lépinay J. , Diraison M. , Géraud Y.
Published: April 2020

Airborne magnetic surveys are common in geosciences. High‐precision surveys are usually performed at a low altitude, draping the topography, using scalar absolute magnetometers and active compensation systems to correct the disturbances generated by the carrier. Another solution is to measure the total magnetic intensity using vector magnetometers, which allows compensation for aircraft fields to be calculated directly, without compensation systems. This study uses data of an industrial airborne survey and of a vector magnetometer survey with a small overlapping area in the Vosges (France) to compare both data sets and shows that both solutions provide results of the same overall precision. This paper also addresses the issue of combining fixed altitude and draped level data sets as well as topographic effect management by proposing an equivalent source interpolator based on a set of simple dipole sources. A synthetic case shows that the equivalent source interpolator allows to compute grids of the magnetic anomaly as well as potential field transforms from a draped data set with an error level a few orders of magnitude lower than could be obtained with minimum curvature, a classically applied interpolator. The interpolator is also tested on a case study in the Vosges massif of which geological interpretation is presented in Bertrand et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017688). The results confirm the observations made on the synthetic case and show that the equivalent source interpolator is more tolerant to navigation errors (altitude) than minimum curvature and allows more rigorous computation of potential field transforms of draped data sets.
Classification of Sea Ice Summer Melt Features in High‐Resolution IceBridge Imagery
Authors: Buckley Ellen M. , Farrell Sinéad L. , Duncan Kyle , Connor Laurence N. , Kuhn John M. , Dominguez RoseAnne T.
Published: April 2020

High‐resolution observations of melt ponds (MPs) across the Arctic are lacking, yet essential for understanding the sea ice energy budget and under‐ice ecology. We present a pixel‐based classification scheme to identify undeformed and deformed ice, open water, and light, medium, and dark MPs in images of sea ice undergoing melt. The scheme was applied to 0.1‐m resolution Operation IceBridge Digital Mapping System imagery covering an area of ~4,000 km2. Observations of both the unconsolidated, marginal ice zone of the Beaufort/Chukchi Seas (B/C Seas) and the consolidated, multiyear ice of the central Arctic (CA) were obtained. Sea ice concentration (SIC), melt pond fraction (MPF), and pond color fraction (PCF) were derived on a per‐image basis. SIC averaged 69% in the B/C Seas and 90% in the CA. We find that both MPF and PCF are dependent on the ice type on which ponds form. MPF averaged 25% in the B/C Seas, where dark ponds dominated and had a PCF of 60%, compared to a PCF of 9% and 31%, for medium and light ponds, respectively. MPF averaged 14% in the CA, where the PCF of light ponds was 68%, compared with 16% for both medium and dark ponds. As the multiyear ice of the Arctic Ocean is replaced by a younger, more seasonal ice cover, our results suggest that MPF will increase, and MP color will darken. This would enhance the ice albedo feedback, exacerbating that already due to the multidecadal decline in summer ice extent.
Current Models Underestimate Future Irrigated Areas
Authors: Puy A. , Lo Piano S. , Saltelli A.
Published: April 2020

Predictions of global irrigated areas are widely used to guide strategies that aim to secure environmental welfare and manage climate change. Here we show that these predictions, which range between 240 and 450 million hectares (Mha), underestimate the potential extension of irrigation by ignoring basic parametric and model uncertainties. We found that the probability distribution of global irrigated areas in 2050 spans almost half an order of magnitude (∼300–800 Mha, P2.5,P97.5), with the right tail pushing values to up to ∼1,800 Mha. This uncertainty is mostly irreducible as it is largely caused by either population‐related parameters or the assumptions behind the model design. Model end‐users and policy makers should acknowledge that irrigated areas are likely to grow much more than previously thought in order to avoid underestimating potential environmental costs.
The Relation Between Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves and Plasmapause: Case and Statistical Studies
Authors: Liu Xu , Chen Lunjin , Xia Zhiyang
Published: April 2020

Observationally, electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are often terminated at the outer boundary of the plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL, i.e., plasmapause). Physics of this empirical relation is not well established. In this study, two categories of ECH waves are shown by their different behaviors near PBL. For Category I, all bands of ECH waves terminate at PBL because the density ratio (nh/nc) between hot and cold electrons decreases dramatically across PBL. For Category II, ECH waves, especially the lower harmonic bands, can be excited deeper inside the plasmasphere because nh/nc gradually decreases across PBL. A statistical study using Van Allen Probes observation is performed for these two categories. We find that the two categories of ECH waves are preferred to occur at nightside and dawnside. The two categories of ECH waves may be separated by the wave intensity outside the PBL or nh/nc with the threshold on the order of 10−10–10−9 (V/m)2 and 10−2, respectively.
Evolution of the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble
Authors: Becker Emily , Kirtman Ben P. , Pegion Kathy
Published: April 2020

The North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) has become integral scientific infrastructure in subseasonal and seasonal climate prediction, advancing applied prediction and scientific understanding of the mechanisms and predictability of short‐term climate. The NMME was designed to evolve as old models were retired and new models joined the ensemble. This study examines the assumption that prediction skill will increase as the system evolves, focusing on 2 m temperature, precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature prediction. The common period of 1982–2010 is studied for four configurations of the NMME, approximately representing the operational model suites of 2011, 2012, 2014–2018, and 2019–present. Substantial improvement in temperature prediction over both land and ocean is observed, with little change in global precipitation prediction. Sea surface temperature prediction at longer leads has improved over much of the globe, with the notable exception of the central‐eastern tropical Pacific, where prediction skill has declined.
Nonlinear Response of the Cross Polar Cap Potential to Solar Wind Density Under Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Zhang Binzheng , Lei Jiuhou , Dang Tong
Published: April 2020

It is commonly believed that the magnitude and orientation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) together with the solar wind (SW) velocity have the most important impact on the cross polar cap potential (φpc), so that little attention has been given to the effect of SW density, especially under northward IMF conditions. Previous studies have shown that φpc increases with SW density as a response to the changes in magnetosheath force balance, while our study shows that φpc has more complicated responses to the SW density depending on the magnitude of IMF rather than a simple linear response as reported previously. The φpc may be insensitive to SW density increasing at moderate IMF Bz (cf. 8 nT) and at intense Bz (20 nT) under large‐density conditions. The different behavior of SW density in regulating φpc is mainly due to the competing effects originated from viscous interaction and magnetic reconnection. Further, the physical mechanisms are explored, including the driving sources of the viscous potential and affecting factors of reconnection potential. These results pave the way for better understanding of the SW density effects on solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere (SW‐M‐I) interactions.
Exceptional 20th Century Ocean Circulation in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Spooner Peter T. , Thornalley David J. R. , Oppo Delia W. , Fox Alan D. , Radionovskaya Svetlana , Rose Neil L. , Mallett Robbie , Cooper Emma , Roberts J. Murray
Published: April 2020

The North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) connects tropical and high‐latitude waters, playing a leading role in deep‐water formation, propagation of Atlantic water into the Arctic, and as habitat for many ecosystems. Instrumental records spanning recent decades document significant decadal variability in SPG circulation, with associated hydrographic and ecological changes. Emerging longer‐term records provide circumstantial evidence that the North Atlantic also experienced centennial trends during the 20th century. Here, we use marine sediment records to show that there has been a long‐term change in SPG circulation during the industrial era, largely during the 20th century. Moreover, we show that the shift and late 20th century SPG configuration were unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. Recent SPG dynamics resulted in an expansion of subtropical ecosystems into new habitats and likely also altered the transport of heat to high latitudes.
Can Quasi‐Periodic Gravity Waves Influence the Shape of Ice Crystals in Cirrus Clouds?
Authors: Saha Sourita , Niranjan Kumar Kondapalli , Sharma Som , Kumar Prashant , Joshi Vaidehi
Published: April 2020

The present work, for the first time, unravels the impact of mesoscale gravity waves on the microphysical changes in cirrus clouds over the subtropical Indian region using Raman lidar, satellite, model simulations, and reanalysis data sets. The cirrus clouds are formed from the convective outflow of large‐scale convergence zone extending from south‐west to north‐east Indian region. These clouds are modulated by the upward propagating gravity waves with time periods ~40 and ~20 min over the Raman lidar observational site. The wave‐induced enhancement of moisture leads to supersaturation thereby controlling the ice crystals' size and shape through depositional freezing. The ice crystals size increases, and they transform to irregular shapes in the presence of wave activity. Therefore, the present work is novel and will have implications toward the uncertainties associated with cirrus clouds in both regional and global climate models.
Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Xu Ruoshi , Cui Bomiao , Duan Xiaobo , Zhang Ping , Zhou Xuedong , Yuan Quan
Published: April 2020

2019-nCoV epidemic was firstly reported at late December of 2019 and has caused a global outbreak of COVID-19 now. Saliva, a biofluid largely generated from salivary glands in oral cavity, has been reported 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive. Besides lungs, salivary glands and tongue are possibly another hosts of 2019-nCoV due to expression of ACE2. Close contact or short-range transmission of infectious saliva droplets is a primary mode for 2019-nCoV to disseminate as claimed by WHO, while long-distance saliva aerosol transmission is highly environment dependent within indoor space with aerosol-generating procedures such as dental practice. So far, no direct evidence has been found that 2019-nCoV is vital in air flow for long time. Therefore, to prevent formation of infectious saliva droplets, to thoroughly disinfect indoor air and to block acquisition of saliva droplets could slow down 2019-nCoV dissemination. This review summarizes diagnostic value of saliva for 2019-nCoV, possibly direct invasion into oral tissues, and close contact transmission of 2019-nCoV by saliva droplets, expecting to contribute to 2019-nCoV epidemic control.
uPAR antibody (huATN-658) and Zometa reduce breast cancer growth and skeletal lesions
Authors: Mahmood Niaz , Arakelian Ani , Khan Haseeb Ahmed , Tanvir Imrana , Mazar Andrew P. , Rabbani Shafaat A.
Published: April 2020

Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis due to its ability to activate latent growth factors, proteases, and different oncogenic signaling pathways upon binding to different ligands. Elevated uPAR expression is correlated with the increased aggressiveness of cancer cells, which led to its credentialing as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in advanced solid cancer. Here, we examine the antitumor effects of a humanized anti-uPAR antibody (huATN-658) alone and in combination with the approved bisphosphonate Zometa (Zoledronic acid) on skeletal lesion through a series of studies in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with huATN-658 or Zometa alone significantly decreased human MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, effects which were more pronounced when huATN-658 was combined with Zometa. In vivo studies demonstrated that huATN-658 treatment significantly reduced MDA-MB-231 primary tumor growth compared with controls. In a model of breast tumor-induced bone disease, huATN-658 and Zometa were equally effective in reducing skeletal lesions. The skeletal lesions were significantly reduced in animals receiving the combination of huATN-658 + Zometa compared with monotherapy treatment. These effects were due to a significant decrease in osteoclastic activity and tumor cell proliferation in the combination treatment group. Transcriptome analysis revealed that combination treatment significantly changes the expression of genes from signaling pathways implicated in tumor progression and bone remodeling. Results from these studies provide a rationale for the continued development of huATN-658 as a monotherapy and in combination with currently approved agents such as Zometa in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
YIPF2 promotes chemotherapeutic agent-mediated apoptosis via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to plasma membrane in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Wang Yingying , Guo Sen , Li Dongmei , Tang Yongkang , Li Lei , Su Ling , Liu Xiangguo
Published: April 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histological type of lung cancer, and the identification of the apoptotic process of NSCLC is vital for its treatment. Usually, both the expression level and the cell surface level of TNFRSF10B (TNF Receptor superfamily member 10B) will increase after treatment with some chemotherapeutic agents, which plays a critical role in the apoptosis induction. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying TNFRSF10B regulation remains largely elusive. Here, we found that TNFRSF10B, along with a vesicular trafficking regulator protein, YIPF2, were upregulated after treatment with pemetrexed (PEM) in NSCLC cells. Besides, YIPF2 increased the surface level of TNFRF10B, while YIPF2 knockdown inhibited the upregulation of TNFRSF10B and its recycling to plasma membrane. In addition, RAB8 decreased the cell surface TNFRSF10B by promoting its removing from plasma membrane to cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that YIPF2, RAB8 and TNFRSF10B proteins interacted physically with each other. YIPF2 could further inhibit the physical interaction between TNFRSF10B and RAB8, thereby suppressing the removing of TNFRSF10B from plasma membrane to cytoplasm mediated by RAB8 and maintaining its high level on cell surface. Finally, using bioinformatics database, the YIPF2-TNFRSF10B axis was confirmed to be associated with the malignant progression of lung cancer. Taken together, we show that YIPF2 promotes chemotherapeutic agent-mediated apoptosis via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to plasma membrane in NSCLC cells. These findings may be beneficial for the development of potential prognostic markers of NSCLC and may provide effective treatment strategy.
Combinatorial control of Spo11 alternative splicing by modulation of RNA polymerase II dynamics and splicing factor recruitment during meiosis
Authors: Cesari Eleonora , Loiarro Maria , Naro Chiara , Pieraccioli Marco , Farini Donatella , Pellegrini Livia , Pagliarini Vittoria , Bielli Pamela , Sette Claudio
Published: April 2020

Homologous recombination and chromosome segregation in meiosis rely on the timely expression of two splice variants of the endonuclease SPO11, named α and β, which respectively skip or include exon 2. However, in spite of its physiological importance, the mechanism underlying Spo11 alternative splicing in meiosis is still unknown. By screening the activity of factors that are predicted to bind the alternatively spliced region of Spo11, we identified hnRNPH as a key regulator of SPO11α splicing in mouse spermatocytes. Although hnRNPH was not upregulated in meiosis concomitantly with the switch in splicing, its recruitment to Spo11 pre-mRNA was favored by selective modulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) phosphorylation and processivity in proximity of exon 2. The hnRNPH binding sites were localized near those of splicing factors that promote SPO11β splicing, suggesting that hnRNPH favors exon 2 skipping by competing out positive regulators. Indeed, hnRNPH binds proximal to a consensus motif for Sam68, a positive regulator of SPO11β splicing in vitro and in vivo, and it interferes with Sam68 binding to the Spo11 pre-mRNA. Thus, our work reveals that modulation of RNAPII dynamics in concert with hnRNPH recruitment exerts a combinatorial control of the timely regulated Spo11 splicing during meiosis.
Association of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity and carotid plaque in Chinese hypertensive adults: effect modification by age
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Yang Ying , Zhang Yan , Xie Liling , Li Qinqin , Song Yun , Liu Lishun , Liu Chengzhang , Xu Benjamin , Wang Binyan , Yi Tieci , Fan Fangfang , Ma Wei , Weng Haoyu , Zhang Nan , Xu Xiping , Wang Xiaobin , Qin Xianhui , Huo Yong , Li Jianping
Published: April 2020

We aimed to investigate the association of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with carotid plaque presence and carotid plaque number in a Chinese hypertensive population. A total of 13,554 hypertensive subjects from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) were recruited. Arterial stiffness and carotid plaque were evaluated by baPWV and B-mode ultrasonography, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of baPWV and carotid plaque presence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of baPWV and carotid plaque number. Further interactions between baPWV and carotid plaque presence were examined using subgroup analysis. Continuous baPWV was positively correlated with carotid plaque presence (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07) and carotid plaque number (one- to two-plaque group: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; three-or-more-plaque group: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07–1.12). When baPWV was classified into quartiles, with the lowest quartile as reference, the ORs for having one, two, or three or more plaques increased in parallel with the quartiles of baPWV, indicating a dose-dependent effect. In a subgroup analysis, the association of baPWV and carotid plaque presence was more pronounced among younger participants (OR: 1.14 vs. 1.06 and 1.03 for the age groups <60 years, 60 ≤ 70 years, and ≥70 years, respectively, P for interaction <0.001). In a Chinese hypertensive population, baPWV was positively associated with carotid plaque presence and carotid plaque number. A more pronounced positive association between baPWV and carotid plaque presence was observed in younger participants.
Transforming micelles into mixed micelles: a promising approach to tune the catalytic performance of imidazolium-based surface active ionic liquids toward degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Butt Fayaz Ahmed , Bhat Parvaiz Ahmad , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Rashid Nusrat , Rather Mudasir Ahmad , Pandit Sarwar Ahmad , Ingole Pravin P. , Rather Ghulam Mohammad , Bhat Mohsin Ahmad
Published: April 2020

Incorporating nonionic Brij56 into cationic DDMIMCl (SAIL) micelles significantly enhances catalytic performance of SAIL toward reductive degradation of rhodamine B, a potential carcinogenic dye extensively used in multiple industrial applications.
Rewiring photosynthesis: a photosystem I-hydrogenase chimera that makes H2in vivo
Authors: Kanygin Andrey , Milrad Yuval , Thummala Chandrasekhar , Reifschneider Kiera , Baker Patricia , Marco Pini , Yacoby Iftach , Redding Kevin E.
Published: April 2020

Photosystem I-hydrogenase chimera intercepts electron flow directly from the photosynthetic electron transport chain and directs it to hydrogen production.
Stretching DNA to twice the normal length with single-molecule hydrodynamic trapping
Authors: Jiang Yan , Feldman Theodore , Bakx Julia A. M. , Yang Darren , Wong Wesley P.
Published: April 2020

High-speed hydrodynamic trapping enables combined surface-free force spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging of single DNA molecules at extreme forces.
Photonic crystal-based smart contact lens for continuous intraocular pressure monitoring
Authors: Maeng Bohee , Chang Hyung-kwan , Park Jungyul
Published: April 2020

A powerless smart contact lens enabling to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP) by checking the visual color change in photonic crystal structure with a microhydraulic amplification system has been realized.
Volume and concentration dosing in picolitres using a two-channel microfluidic AFM cantilever
Authors: Verlinden E. J. , Madadelahi M. , Sarajlic E. , Shamloo A. , Engel A. H. , Staufer U. , Ghatkesar M. K.
Published: April 2020

We introduce a two-channel microfluidic atomic force microscopy cantilever that can be used both for nanomechanical sensing and to manipulate liquids at the rate of femto-litres per second through nanoscale apertures near the cantilever tip apex.
Ni12P5 nanoparticles bound on graphene sheets for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Liu Guangzeng , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Tian Wenzhi , Chen Weihua , Xi Baojuan , Li Haibo , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin
Published: April 2020

Ni12P5 nanoparticles grown on graphene strengthen the sulfur kinetics and alleviate the shuttle effect of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries, resulting in a highly stable cycling.
In situ amplified photothermal immunoassay for neuron-specific enolase with enhanced sensitivity using Prussian blue nanoparticle-loaded liposomes
Authors: Zhi Li-Juan , Sun Ai-Li , Tang Dianping
Published: April 2020

Methods based on prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have been reported for photothermal immunoassays in analytical nanoscience fields but most suffer from low sensitivity and are not beneficial for routine use.
Confirmation of brand identification in infant formulas by using near-infrared spectroscopy fingerprints
Authors: Chang Shuyi , Yin Chengcheng , Liang Sha , Lu Mei , Wang Ping , Li Zhicheng
Published: April 2020

The NIR spectra of 12 batches of each stage of Brand A infant formulas.
Biomimetic self-assembly of subcellular structures
Authors: Yang Shuying , Jiang Lingxiang
Published: April 2020

This article summarizes recent progress on biomimetic subcellular structures and discusses integration of these isolated systems.
A three-component reaction of phosphorus ylides with isocyanates: facile synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxylate-4-quinolones
Authors: Babu Kaki Raveendra , Han Wendan , Chen Jian-Bo , Li Yang , Tang Yuhai , Zhang Wenquan , Xu Wenbo , Xu Silong
Published: April 2020

A three-component catalyst-free reaction between one molecule of phosphorus ylides and two molecules of isocyanates provides a facile synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxylate-4-quinolones.
Spatially localized electrodeposition of multiple metals via light-activated electrochemistry for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy applications
Authors: Colombo Rafael N. P. , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Gautam Shreedhar , Tilley Richard , Gooding J. Justin , Córdoba de Torresi Susana I.
Published: April 2020

Light is used to activate spatially and temporally resolved electrodeposition of multiple metals onto silicon.
A triplex-forming linear probe for sequence-specific detection of duplex DNA with high sensitivity and affinity
Authors: Chen Yanglingzhi , Murayama Keiji , Kashida Hiromu , Kamiya Yukiko , Asanuma Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

We have developed a d-threoninol-based triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) linear probe that can fluorescently detect target double-stranded DNA in a sequence-specific manner by forming stable triplex with high signal/background ratio.
The significance of phosphoniocarbynes in halocarbyne cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Burt Liam K. , Cordiner Richard L. , Hill Anthony F. , Manzano Richard A. , Wagler Jörg
Published: April 2020

Competent intermediates as well as productive and non-productive tangents have been identified in the catalytic cycle for palladium(0)–copper(i) mediated synthesis of propargylidynes via cross coupling reactions of bromocarbyne complexes with alkynes.
Pd-Promoted cross coupling of iodobenzene with vinylgold via an unprecedented phenyl transmetalation from Pd to Au
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Zhan Licheng , Wang Gendi , Wei Yin , Shi Min , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2020

Oxidative addition of Pd/Au vinylene species with iodobenzene reveals the effect of a strong metallophilic Pd⋯Au interaction on phenyl transmetalation from PdIV to AuI, which allows subsequent reductive elimination of LAuI at Pd and Au.
The impact of positional isomerism on electronic and photochromic properties of 1D zinc-based naphthalene diimide coordination polymers
Authors: Hao Pengfei , Zhu Huihui , Pang Yue , Shen Junju , Fu Yunlong
Published: April 2020

The positional isomeric DPNDI ligands can effectively modulate the interfacial contacts of electron donors/acceptors and the efficiency of electronic/photochromic properties.
Relevant π-hole tetrel bonding interactions in ethyl 2-triazolyl-2-oxoacetate derivatives: Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations
Authors: Naeem Ahmed Muhammad , Yasin Khawaja Ansar , Aziz Shahid , Khan Saba Urooge , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Gil Diego Mauricio , Frontera Antonio
Published: April 2020

We report the synthesis and X-ray characterization of four triazole derivatives that include an α-ketoester functionality and two phenyl substituents. The compounds form self-assembled dimers in the solid state establishing two symmetrically equivalent O⋯π-hole interactions.
A tetragonal phase Mn2B2 sheet: a stable room temperature ferromagnet with sizable magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Zuntu Abdullahi Yusuf , Demir Vatansever Zeynep , Aktürk Ethem , Akıncı Ümit , Üzengi Aktürk Olcay
Published: April 2020

Exploring the magnetic properties of two-dimensional (2D) metal boride (MBene) sheets for spin-based electronics is gaining importance for developing electronic devices.
Interplay between aggregation number, micelle charge and hydration of catanionic surfactants
Authors: Medoš Žiga , Friesen Sergej , Buchner Richard , Bešter-Rogač Marija
Published: April 2020

Alkyltrimethylammonium alkanecarboxylates, [CxMe3N]+[Cy]−, with medium to long alkyl chains on both cation and anion (x,y = 6–10), were investigated in aqueous solution by density and zeta potential measurements, ITC, and DRS.
Molecular transport in ionic liquid/nanomembrane hybrids
Authors: Naberezhnyi Daniil , Dementyev Petr
Published: April 2020

Molecular transport in ultrathin membranes changes upon surface functionalization.
Photophysical properties of the triangular [Au(HNCOH)]3 complex and its dimer
Authors: Greiner Jonas , Valiev Rashid R. , Sundholm Dage
Published: April 2020

Radiative and non-radiative rate constants have been calculated for cyclic trinuclear gold(i) complexes within the Herzberg–Teller approximation.
Crystal structure, chemical bonding, and electrical and thermal transport in Sc5Rh6Sn18
Authors: Feig Manuel , Akselrud Lev , Schnelle Walter , Dyadkin Vadim , Chernyshov Dmitry , Ormeci Alim , Simon Paul , Leithe-Jasper Andreas , Gumeniuk Roman
Published: April 2020

Single crystals of the superconductor Sc5Rh6Sn18were grown from Sn-flux.
Accelerated charge transfer of Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZnS core–shell nano-spheres via decoration of Ni2P and g-C3N4 toward efficient visible-light-driven H2 production
Authors: Ma Xiaowei , Ruan Qinqin , Wu Jiakun , Zuo Ying , Pu Xipeng , Lin Haifeng , Yi Xiujie , Li Yanyan , Wang Lei
Published: April 2020

Unique Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZnS-Ni2P/g-C3N4 hybrid nano-spheres demonstrate enhanced photostability, improved light-harvesting and facilitated charge separation toward efficient H2 evolution from visible-light-driven water-splitting.
One-pot hydrodeoxygenation of biomass furan derivatives into decane under mild conditions over Pd/C combined with phosphotungstic acid
Authors: Li Song , Yan Long , Liu Qiying , Liu Jianguo , Liu Qiyu , Fan Wei , Zhao Xuelai , Zhang Xinghua , Wang Chenguang , Ma Longlong , Zhang Qi
Published: April 2020

One-pot hydrodeoxygenation of δ-furfurylidenelevulinic acid over Pd/C combined with phosphotungstic acid through successive hydrogenolysis and HDO of furans and lactones.
One-step catalytic amination of naphthalene to naphthylamine with exceptional yield
Authors: Hao Fang , Wang Xin , Huang Linfang , Xiong Wei , Liu Pingle , Luo Hean
Published: April 2020

This is the first time to synthesize naphthylamine from one-step naphthalene amination by vanadium catalysts with high yield under mild condition. It could obtain ∼70% yield of naphthylamine, with major product of valuable 1,5-diaminonaphthalene.
How much aqueous sample can an inductively coupled plasma withstand?
Authors: Al Hejami Ahmed , Burgener John , Burgener Mirah J. , Beauchemin Diane
Published: April 2020

An inductively coupled plasma can withstand the total introduction of 250 μL min−1 if infrared heating first pre-evaporates the aerosol.
The influence of nickel loading on the structure and performance of a Ni–Al2O3 catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol to produce 1,4-butenediol
Authors: Gao Xianlong , Mo Wenlong , Ma Fengyun , Fan Xing
Published: April 2020

In combination with a planetary ball-milling machine, a Ni–Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by a mechanochemical method.
“Ship in a Bottle” design of ZIF-9@CoAl LDH hybrid compound as a high performance asymmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Guorong , Li Yanbing , Jin Zhiliang
Published: April 2020

The ZIF-9@CoAl LDH compound was successfully synthesized by a “Ship in a Bottle” method. The conductivity of CoAl LDHs was improved by the introduction of 2D ZIF-9 micro-slices.
MOF-derived TiO2 modified with g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Xiaoxian , Qiu Lingfang , Xu Xun , Si Ying , Liang Tingting , Liu Huan , Chu Jingjing , Guo Jixin , Duo Shuwang
Published: April 2020

A g-C3N4/TiO2 heterojunction was prepared for the first time using a mechanical agitation method assisted by a template method and a two-step calcination method.
A facile synthesis of Ru/N–C as an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Zichuang , Pei Yu , Ju Qiangjian , Guo Beibei , Hu Yifan , Liu Qian , Zhu Yufang , Wang Jiacheng
Published: April 2020

This work provides a HER catalyst synthesis strategy with performance comparable to commercial Pt/C at a cost of only 0.6%.
The effect of vicinal di-halo substituents on the organogelling properties of aromatic supramolecular gelators and their application as soft templates
Authors: Mac Cormack Andrea S. , Busch Verónica M. , Japas M. Laura , Giovanetti Lisandro , Di Salvo Florencia , Di Chenna Pablo H.
Published: April 2020

Vicinal di-halo substituents have a determinant effect on the supramolecular self-assembly and properties of aromatic physical gelators with application as soft templates.
Interfacing green synthesized flake like-ZnO with TiO2 for bilayer electron extraction in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Pitchaiya Selvakumar , Eswaramoorthy Nandhakumar , Natarajan Muthukumarasamy , Santhanam Agilan , Ramakrishnan Venkatraman Madurai , Asokan Vijayshankar , Palanichamy Pavithrakumar , Palanisamy Balraju , Kalimuthu Ananthi , Velauthapillai Dhayalan
Published: April 2020

To improve the performance of PSCs, interfacing green synthesized flake like-ZnO nanostructure have been introduced between ETL/perovskite layer which reduces the recombination losses at the interface.
Fluorescent nanoparticle-based Internet of things
Authors: Fichera Luca , Li-Destri Giovanni , Tuccitto Nunzio
Published: April 2020

The first working molecular-IoT prototype, based on a chemical communication network, was developed by employing three different carbon nanoparticles.
Enhanced emission in organic nanocrystals via asymmetrical design of spirocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Yin-Xiang , Dong Xue-Mei , Yu Meng-Na , Liu Wei , Nie Yi-Jie , Eginligil Mustafa , Liu Ju-Qing , Jiang Wen-Jie , Wang Xiao-Jing , Xu Chun-Xiang , Xie Ling-Hai , Huang Wei
Published: April 2020

Due to the different structural symmtery of a spiro-center, distinguishing nanocrystal morphologies with unique crystallization-enhanced/quenched emission was achieved.
Cyclodextrin-based superparamagnetic host vesicles as ultrasensitive nanobiocarriers for electrosensing
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Crivillers Núria , Ravoo Bart Jan , Mas-Torrent Marta
Published: April 2020

Magnetic cyclodextrin vesicles (mCDVs) have been used as novel electrochemical biorecognition probes for the picomolar determination of thyroxine (T4), using a magneto nanocomposite carbon-paste electrode (mNC-CPE) as a transducer platform.
Hollow mesoporous silica with a hierarchical shell from in situ synergistic soft–hard double templates
Authors: Wang Juan , Pan Mingwang , Yuan Jinfeng , Lin Qianqian , Zhang Xiaopeng , Liu Gang , Zhu Lei
Published: April 2020

Hollow mesoporous silica particles with a hierarchical shell were synthesized via a one-pot method without the removal of the template.
Synergy of nano-ZnO and 3D-graphene foam electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitor devices
Authors: Toufani Maryam , Kasap Sibel , Tufani Ali , Bakan Feray , Weber Stefan , Erdem Emre
Published: April 2020

Combination of EPR and Photoluminescence data on the defect structures of sub-50 nm ZnO nanocrystal electrodes revealed extensive control of electrochemical performance of the supercapacitor devices.
The emergence of red fluorescence from two-dimensional nitrogenated-stanene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Sharma Nallin , Wu Hui-Fen
Published: April 2020

The instigation of fluorescence in 2D Stanene oxide nanosheets is a daunting task to achieve.
Palladium-catalysed decarboxylative annulations of vinylethylene carbonates leading to diverse functionalised heterocycles
Authors: Li Qing-Zhu , Liu Yue , Li Mu-Ze , Zhang Xiang , Qi Ting , Li Jun-Long
Published: April 2020

This review provides an overview of the palladium-catalysed diverse cyclisations of VECs over the past five years, which could offer powerful synthetic tools to access various functionalised heterocycles.
A general method to greatly enhance ultrasound-responsiveness for common polymeric assemblies
Authors: Dou Jinkang , Yang Ruiqi , Du Kun , Jiang Li , Huang Xiayun , Chen Daoyong
Published: April 2020

Ultrasound-controlled drug release is a very promising technique for controlled drug delivery due to the unique advantages of ultrasound as the stimulus.
Aromatic thioketone-mediated radical polymerization of methacrylates and the preparation of amphiphilic quasi-block copolymers
Authors: Yu Haoyu , Shao Jianwei , Chen Dong , Wang Li , Yang Wantai
Published: April 2020

TfXT exhibits strong ability to control radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and has been used in preparing amphiphilic quasi-block copolymer.
Current progress in carbon dots: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Yang Bai , Jelinek Raz , Kang Zhenhui
Published: April 2020

Bai Yang, Raz Jelinek and Zhenhui Kang introduce the Materials Chemistry Frontiers themed collection on carbon dots.
Correction: Noninvasive target CT detection and anti-inflammation of MRSA pneumonia with theranostic silver loaded mesoporous silica
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ding Qingqing , Ding Jing
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Noninvasive target CT detection and anti-inflammation of MRSA pneumonia with theranostic silver loaded mesoporous silica’ by Hao Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 5049–5056.
Designing naphthopyran mechanophores with tunable mechanochromic behavior
Authors: Versaw Brooke A. , McFadden Molly E. , Husic Corey C. , Robb Maxwell J.
Published: April 2020

Structure–activity relationships for strategic substitution of the naphthopyran mechanophore scaffold enable polymeric materials with tunable mechanochromic behavior.
SMIM1, carrier of the Vel blood group, is a tail-anchored transmembrane protein and readily forms homodimers in a cell-free system
Authors: Nylander Anja , Leznicki Pawel , Vidovic Karina , High Stephen , Olsson Martin L.
Published: April 2020

Antibodies to the Vel blood group antigen can cause adverse hemolytic reactions unless Vel-negative blood units are transfused. Since the genetic background of Vel-negativity was discovered in 2013, DNA-based typing of the 17-bp deletion causing the phenotype has facilitated identification of Vel-negative blood donors. SMIM1, the gene underlying Vel, encodes a 78-amino acid erythroid transmembrane protein of unknown function. The transmembrane orientation of SMIM1 has been debated since experimental data supported both the N- and C-termini being extracellular. Likewise, computational predictions of its orientation were divided and potential alternatives such as monotopic or dual-topology have been discussed but not investigated.

We used a cell-free system to explore the topology of SMIM1 when synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). SMIM1 was tagged with an opsin-derived N-glycosylation reporter at either the N- or C-terminus and synthesized in vitro using rabbit reticulocyte lysate supplemented with canine pancreatic microsomes as a source of ER membrane. SMIM1 topology was then determined by assessing the N-glycosylation of its N- or C-terminal tags. Complementary experiments were carried out by expressing the same SMIM1 variants in HEK293T/17 cells and establishing their membrane orientation by immunoblotting and flow cytometry.

Our data consistently indicate that SMIM1 has its short C-terminus located extracellularly and that it most likely belongs to the tail-anchored class of membrane proteins with the bulk of the polypeptide located in the cytoplasm. Having established its membrane orientation in an independent model system, future work can now focus on functional aspects of SMIM1 as a potential regulator of erythropoiesis.
The cellular expression and proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein is independent of TDP-43
Authors: Hicks David A. , Jones Alys C. , Pickering-Brown Stuart M. , Hooper Nigel M.
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition, of which one of the cardinal pathological hallmarks is the extracellular accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. These peptides are generated via proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), in a manner dependent on the β-secretase, BACE1 and the multicomponent γ-secretase complex. Recent data also suggest a contributory role in AD of transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43). There is little insight into a possible mechanism linking TDP-43 and APP processing. To this end, we used cultured human neuronal cells to investigate the ability of TDP-43 to interact with APP and modulate its proteolytic processing. Immunocytochemistry showed TDP-43 to be spatially segregated from both the extranuclear APP holoprotein and its nuclear C-terminal fragment. The latter (APP intracellular domain) was shown to predominantly localise to nucleoli, from which TDP-43 was excluded. Furthermore, neither overexpression of each of the APP isoforms nor siRNA-mediated knockdown of APP had any effect on TDP-43 expression. Doxycycline-stimulated overexpression of TDP-43 was explored in an inducible cell line. Overexpression of TDP-43 had no effect on expression of the APP holoprotein, nor any of the key proteins involved in its proteolysis. Furthermore, increased TDP-43 expression had no effect on BACE1 enzymatic activity or immunoreactivity of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 or the Aβ1-40:Aβ1-42 ratio. Also, siRNA-mediated knockdown of TDP-43 had no effect on BACE1 immunoreactivity. Taken together, these data indicate that TDP-43 function and/or dysfunction in AD is likely independent from dysregulation of APP expression and proteolytic processing and Aβ generation.
Analysis of Phonetic Balance in Standard English Passages
Authors: Lammert Adam C. , Melot Jennifer , Sturim Douglas E. , Hannon Daniel J. , DeLaura Richard , Williamson James R. , Ciccarelli Gregory , Quatieri Thomas F.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

A common way of eliciting speech from individuals is by using passages of written language that are intended to be read aloud. Read passages afford the opportunity for increased control over the phonetic properties of elicited speech, of which phonetic balance is an often-noted example. No comprehensive analysis of the phonetic balance of read passages has been reported in the literature. The present article provides a quantitative comparison of the phonetic balance of widely used passages in English.

Method

Assessment of phonetic balance is carried out by comparing the distribution of phonemes in several passages to distributions consistent with typical spoken English. Data regarding the distribution of phonemes in spoken American English are aggregated from the published literature and large speech corpora. Phoneme distributions are compared using Spearman rank order correlation coefficient to quantify similarities of phoneme counts in those sources.

Results

Correlations between phoneme distributions in read passages and aggregated material representative of spoken American English ranged from .70 to .89. Correlations between phoneme counts from all passages, literature sources, and corpus sources ranged from .55 to .99. All correlations were statistically significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted level.

Conclusions

Passages considered in the present work provide high, but not ideal, phonetic balance. Space exists for the creation of new passages that more closely match the phoneme distributions observed in spoken American English.The Caterpillarprovided the best phonetic balance, but phoneme distributions in all considered materials were highly similar to each other.
Performance evaluation of single and cross‐dimensional feature detection and description
Authors: Kechagias‐Stamatis Odysseas , Aouf Nabil , Richardson Mark A.
Published: April 2020

Three‐dimensional (3D) local feature detection and description techniques are widely used for object registration and recognition applications. Although several evaluations of 3D local feature detection and description methods have already been published, these are constrained in a single dimensional scheme, i.e. either 3D or 2D methods that are applied onto multiple projections of the 3D data. However, cross‐dimensional (mixed 2D and 3D) feature detection and description are yet to be investigated. Here, the authors evaluated the performance of both single and cross‐dimensional feature detection and description methods on several 3D data sets and demonstrated the superiority of cross‐dimensional over single‐dimensional schemes.
E2‐capsule neural networks for facial expression recognition using AU‐aware attention
Authors: Cao Shan , Yao Yuqian , An Gaoyun
Published: April 2020

Capsule neural network is a new and popular technique in deep learning. However, the traditional capsule neural network does not extract features sufficiently before the dynamic routing between capsules. In this study, one double enhanced capsule neural network (E2‐Capsnet) that uses AU‐aware attention for facial expression recognition (FER) is proposed. The E2‐Capsnet takes advantage of dynamic routing between capsules and has two enhancement modules which are beneficial to FER. The first enhancement module is the convolutional neural network with AU‐aware attention, which can focus on the active areas of the expression. The second enhancement module is the capsule neural network with multiple convolutional layers, which enhances the ability of the feature representation. Finally, the squashing function is used to classify the facial expression. The authors demonstrate the effectiveness of E2‐Capsnet on the two public benchmark datasets, RAF‐DB and EmotioNet. The experimental results show that their E2‐Capsnet is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/ShanCao18/E2‐Capsnet.
Synthetic catalog of black holes in the Milky Way
Authors: Olejak A. , Belczynski K. , Bulik T. , Sobolewska M.
Published: April 2020

Aims. We present an open-access database that includes a synthetic catalog of black holes (BHs) in the Milky Way, divided by the components disk, bulge, and halo.

Methods. To calculate the evolution of single and binary stars, we used the updated population synthesis code StarTrack. We applied a new model of the star formation history and chemical evolution of Galactic disk, bulge, and halo that was synthesized from observational and theoretical data. This model can be easily employed for other studies of population evolution.

Results. We find that at the current Milky Way (disk+bulge+halo) contains about 1.2 × 108 single BHs with an average mass of about 14 M⊙, and 9.3 × 106 BHs in binary systems with an average mass of 19 M⊙. We present basic statistical properties of the BH population in three Galactic components such as the distributions of BH masses, velocities, or the numbers of BH binary systems in different evolutionary configurations.

Conclusions. The metallicity of a stellar population has a significant effect on the final BH mass through the stellar winds. The most massive single BH in our simulation of 113 M⊙ originates from a merger of a BH and a helium star in a low-metallicity stellar environment in the Galactic halo. We constrain that only ∼0.006% of the total Galactic halo mass (including dark matter) can be hidden in the form of stellar origin BHs. These BHs cannot be detected by current observational surveys. We calculated the merger rates for current Galactic double compact objects (DCOs) for two considered common-envelope models: ∼3–81 Myr−1 for BH-BH, ∼1–9 Myr−1 for BH-neutron star (NS), and ∼14–59 Myr−1 for NS-NS systems. We show the evolution of the merger rates of DCOs since the formation of the Milky Way until the current moment with the new star formation model of the Galaxy.
Two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of residential areas flooding using a highly detailed computational mesh
Authors: Sazonov Alexey , Krylenko Inna , Rumyantcev Alexey , Belikov Vitaly , Semenova Natalia
Published: April 2020

Modeling of 2016 year flood, the largest flood of the 21st century for the chosen area, was carried out using two-dimensional hydrodynamic model STREAM_2D on the example of Velikiy Ustyug city, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. A highly detailed computational grid created in the AutoMesh-2D editor was used for simulations. Specific feature of the created mesh is consideration of shape and relative position of buildings exposed to flooding.
Environmental issues in sustainable use of water from minor and medium rivers in the Yenisei River Basin District
Authors: Kolesnikova Evgeniia
Published: April 2020

Minor and medium rivers of the Russian North regions are vulnerable to anthropogenic impact. The article deals with the water use problems in the Yenisei River Basin where about 90% of the rivers used for water supply are minor and medium. Aassessment of the main sources of anthropogenic impact at the rivers of the region is given. The article substantiates the main problems in sustainable use of water in the Yenisei River Basin, such as water pollution, regulation of river flow and water resource depletion. The methods of estimation of acceptable water intake are analyzed, empirical and analytical probability curves of water intake values for each season for eleven rivers are built. Environmental flow for eleven rivers, as the average month and average annual values, are calculated.