bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supporting community health workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed methods pilot study
Authors: Recto Pamela , Lesser Janna , Zapata Jose , Gandara Eduardo , Idar Annette Zavala , Castilla Martha
Published: October 2022

Objective

To examine how the COVID‐19 Project ECHO program may have influenced the mental health of community health workers (CHWs) from South Texas. The program was designed around case‐based learning and mentorship to provide support to CHWs and help them gain expertise to provide services to their communities.

Design

An explanatory sequential mixed methods pilot study.

Sample

Fifteen CHWs who were enrolled in the program participated in this study.

Measurements

The Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to measure the differences pre‐ and post‐intervention. Qualitative description was used to explore the experiences of the participating CHWs.

Results

The PSS post‐test mean (12.53) showed a statistically significant decrease from the pretest mean (17.01) (t (14 = 2.456, p = .028). The CHWs explained that the death of loved ones, feelings of isolation, and work‐related concerns influenced their mental health. CHWs expressed that the program provided them with emotional support and resources for their clients.

Conclusions

The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on disadvantaged and medically underserved areas will be long‐lasting; therefore, the need is greater than ever for CHWs to receive mental health support and be able to connect communities with vital resources.
Senolytic Drug Quercetin Rescues Survival from Blue Light Toxicity in Drosophila Model
Authors: Zhang Dake , Shan Jianying , Liang Boying , Zhong Lichao , Tang Hao , Xu Yifan , Jin Hui , Chen Yinfei , Shen Jie
Published: October 2022

With the increasing frequency of human exposure to blue light, the harmfulness of blue light has received wider attention. The damaging effect of blue light is complex and long‐lasting. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism to investigate the protective effect of the senolytic drug quercetin on blue light toxicity. As one of the first senolytic drugs discovered, quercetin not only has antioxidant properties, but also has been used to treat various neurological disorders. Our study shows that quercetin can effectively prolong the survival of flies under blue light irradiation, and it significantly increases the egg production of female flies under blue light. In addition, after flies intaking quercetin under blue light, both the spontaneous activity and nutrient metabolism show significant sex‐specificity. The experimental results provide a potentially effective intervention method for organisms to defend against blue light toxicity, and reveal a new function of the senolytic drug quercetin from another perspective.
Controlling photosynthetic energy conversion by small conformational changes
Authors: Maroudas‐Sklare Naama , Kolodny Yuval , Yochelis Shira , Keren Nir , Paltiel Yossi
Published: October 2022

Control phenomena in biology usually refer to changes in gene expression and protein translation and modification. In this paper, another mode of regulation is highlighted; we propose that photosynthetic organisms can harness the interplay between localization and delocalization of energy transfer by utilizing small conformational changes in the structure of light‐harvesting complexes. We examine the mechanism of energy transfer in photosynthetic pigment‐protein complexes, first through the scope of theoretical work and then by in vitro studies of these complexes. Next, the biological relevance to evolutionary fitness of this localization‐delocalization switch is explored by in vivo experiments on desert crust and marine cyanobacteria, which are both exposed to rapidly changing environmental conditions. These examples demonstrate the flexibility and low energy cost of this mechanism, making it a competitive survival strategy.
Variability in the response to atomoxetine and oxybutynin for OSA: Highlighting the need for personalized medicine
Authors: Edwards Bradley A. , Joosten Simon A.
Published: October 2022

See related article
Let the Readers of Scripture Understand One Another Five Things Biblical Scholars Wish Theologians Knew, ScotMcKnight, IVP, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8308‐4935‐2), xiv + 170 pp., pb $20Five Things Theologians Wish Biblical Scholars Knew, HansBoersma, IVP, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8308‐5390‐8), xvi + 156 pp., pb $20
Authors: Penner Bradley M.
Published: October 2022

This review article evaluates two complementary volumes on the continuing dialogue between biblical studies and Christian theology, particularly how the two disciplines have had a parting of the ways over the past few centuries and how there is hope for a rapprochement to foster a greater, mutual understanding and collaboration as distinct but not divided disciplines. We agree with the authors that the disciplines of biblical studies and Christian theology integrate well but not to the extent of an ultimate synthesis wherein they lose their distinct methodologies, epistemologies, and teleologies. Moreover, we will argue that even though there is no return to a time when both disciplines were one and the same, the path forward is one of interdisciplinary respect, fruitful cross‐pollination, and reciprocal accountability that will only enable biblical studies and theology to flourish better in the service of the church and academy.
Eating and speech problems in oral and pharyngeal cancer survivors – Associations with treatment‐related side‐effects and time since diagnosis
Authors: Andreassen Renate , Hadler‐Olsen Elin
Published: October 2022

Aims

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to find factors associated with problems with the ability to eat and speak in oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) survivors and to evaluate if the panorama of oral problems varied with time since diagnosis.

Methods and Results

A questionnaire assessing cancer diagnosis and treatment, oral health‐related quality of life, and presence of treatment‐related side‐effects was sent to members of the Norwegian Head and Neck Cancer Association. Three‐quarters (n = 117) of the respondents experienced xerostomia, and 51% (n = 79) had dysphagia. Prevalence of dysphagia, trismus, and dysphonia was lowest among respondents diagnosed within the last 5–10 years prior to the study. Eating problems were reported by 75% (n = 121) of the OPC survivors and were associated with xerostomia, dysphagia, trismus, having removed part of the tongue, cancer diagnosis within 5 years prior to the study and having little problems with caries and tooth fracture. Speaking problems were experienced by 60% (n = 93) of the OPC survivors, and were associated with dysphonia, dysphagia, and trismus.

Conclusion

Our study shows a high prevalence of oral problems among OPC survivors and points to targets for interventions for eating and speech impairments that may improve oral health‐related quality of life.
Inter‐examiner reliability of the Doha agreement meeting classification system of groin pain in male athletes
Authors: Heijboer Willem M. P. , Weir Adam , Vuckovic Zarko , Fullam Karl , Tol Johannes L. , Delahunt Eamonn , Serner Andreas
Published: October 2022

The Doha agreement classification is used to classify groin pain in athletes. We evaluated the inter‐examiner reliability of this classification system. We prospectively recruited 48 male athletes (66 symptomatic sides) with groin pain between 10–2017 and 03–2020 at a sports medicine hospital in Qatar. Two examiners (23 and 10 years of clinical experience) performed history taking, and a standardized clinical examination blinded to each other's findings. Examiners classified groin pain using the Doha agreement terminology (adductor‐, inguinal‐, iliopsoas‐, pubic‐, hip‐related groin pain, or other causes of groin pain). Multiple entities were ranked in order of perceived clinical importance. Each side was classified separately for bilateral groin pain. Inter‐examiner reliability was calculated using Cohen's Kappa statistic (κ). Inter‐examiner reliability was slight to moderate for adductor‐ (κ = 0.40), inguinal‐ (κ = 0.44), iliopsoas‐ (κ = 0.57), and pubic‐related groin pain (κ = 0.12), substantial for hip‐related groin pain (κ = 0.62), and slight for “other causes of groin pain” (κ = 0.13). Ranking entities in order of perceived clinical importance improved inter‐examiner reliability for adductor‐, inguinal‐, and iliopsoas‐related groin pain (κ = 0.52–0.65), but not for pubic (κ = 0.12), hip (κ = 0.51), and “other causes of groin pain” (κ = 0.03). For participants with unilateral groin pain classified with a single entity (n = 7), there was 100% agreement between the two examiners. Inter‐examiner reliability of the Doha agreement meeting classification system varied from slight to substantial, depending on the clinical entity. Agreement between examiners was perfect when athletes were classified with a single clinical entity of groin pain, but lower when athletes were classified with multiple clinical entities.
Identification of the novel KIR3DL1*00703 allele in a Chinese Han individual
Authors: Yu Qiong , Chen Hao , Yang Zhichao , Zhen Jianxin , Deng Zhihui
Published: October 2022

The novel KIR3DL1*00703 allele differs from the closest allele KIR3DL1*00701 by a single silent mutation.
The chromosome‐level genome of female ginseng (Angelica sinensis) provides insights into molecular mechanisms and evolution of coumarin biosynthesis
Authors: Han Xiaoxu , Li Cheng , Sun Shichao , Ji Jiaojiao , Nie Bao , Maker Garth , Ren Yonglin , Wang Li
Published: October 2022

Coumarins are natural products with important medicinal values, and include simple coumarins, furanocoumarins and pyranocoumarins. Female ginseng (Angelica sinensis) is a renowned herb with abundant coumarins, originated in China and known for the treatment of female ailments for thousands of years. The molecular basis of simple coumarin biosynthesis in A. sinensis and the evolutionary history of the genes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis are largely unknown. Here, we generated the first chromosome‐scale genome of A. sinensis. It has a genome size of 2.37 Gb, which was generated by combining PacBio and Hi‐C sequencing technologies. The genome was predicted to contain 43 202 protein‐coding genes dispersed mainly on 11 pseudochromosomes. We not only provided evidence for whole‐genome duplication (WGD) specifically occurring in the Apioideae subfamily, but also demonstrated the vital role of tandem duplication for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in A. sinensis. Combined analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed key genes and candidate transcription factors regulating simple coumarin biosynthesis. Furthermore, phylogenomic synteny network analyses suggested prenyltransferase genes involved in furanocoumarin biosynthesis evolved independently in the Moraceae, Fabaceae, Rutaceae and Apiaceae after ζ and ε WGD. Our work sheds light on coumarin biosynthesis, and provides a benchmark for accelerating genetic research and molecular breeding in A. sinensis.
Aspects of the biology, behavior and mating of Uroactinia sp. (Acari: Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Uroactiniidae)
Authors: Vázquez Ma. Magdalena , May Daniel , Klompen Hans , De Moraes Gilberto J.
Published: October 2022

The mating process in Uroactinia sp. (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Uroactiniidae) is described. Mating is venter to venter with the male on top. Spermatophore production is relatively slow, and both partners cooperate in emptying the spermatophore. Observations on mating behavior are compared with those for other Uropodina. Spermatophore morphology and the process of spermatophore formation appear to be similar to those described in ticks (Ixodida).
How to make causal inferences using texts
Authors: Egami Naoki , Fong Christian J. , Grimmer Justin , Roberts Margaret E. , Stewart Brandon M.
Published: October 2022

Text as data techniques offer a great promise: the ability to inductively discover measures that are useful for testing social science theories with large collections of text. Nearly all text-based causal inferences depend on a latent representation of the text, but we show that estimating this latent representation from the data creates underacknowledged risks: we may introduce an identification problem or overfit. To address these risks, we introduce a split-sample workflow for making rigorous causal inferences with discovered measures as treatments or outcomes. We then apply it to estimate causal effects from an experiment on immigration attitudes and a study on bureaucratic responsiveness.
Mapping of machine learning approaches for description, prediction, and causal inference in the social and health sciences
Authors: Leist Anja K. , Klee Matthias , Kim Jung Hyun , Rehkopf David H. , Bordas Stéphane P. A. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Wade Sara
Published: October 2022

Machine learning (ML) methodology used in the social and health sciences needs to fit the intended research purposes of description, prediction, or causal inference. This paper provides a comprehensive, systematic meta-mapping of research questions in the social and health sciences to appropriate ML approaches by incorporating the necessary requirements to statistical analysis in these disciplines. We map the established classification into description, prediction, counterfactual prediction, and causal structural learning to common research goals, such as estimating prevalence of adverse social or health outcomes, predicting the risk of an event, and identifying risk factors or causes of adverse outcomes, and explain common ML performance metrics. Such mapping may help to fully exploit the benefits of ML while considering domain-specific aspects relevant to the social and health sciences and hopefully contribute to the acceleration of the uptake of ML applications to advance both basic and applied social and health sciences research.
Models with higher effective dimensions tend to produce more uncertain estimates
Authors: Puy Arnald , Beneventano Pierfrancesco , Levin Simon A. , Lo Piano Samuele , Portaluri Tommaso , Saltelli Andrea
Published: October 2022

Mathematical models are getting increasingly detailed to better predict phenomena or gain more accurate insights into the dynamics of a system of interest, even when there are no validation or training data available. Here, we show through ANOVA and statistical theory that this practice promotes fuzzier estimates because it generally increases the model’s effective dimensions, i.e., the number of influential parameters and the weight of high-order interactions. By tracking the evolution of the effective dimensions and the output uncertainty at each model upgrade stage, modelers can better ponder whether the addition of detail truly matches the model’s purpose and the quality of the data fed into it.
Terrestrial evidence for ocean forcing of Heinrich events and subglacial hydrologic connectivity of the Laurentide Ice Sheet
Authors: Edwards Graham H. , Blackburn Terrence , Piccione Gavin , Tulaczyk Slawek , Miller Gifford H. , Sikes Cosmo
Published: October 2022

During the last glacial period, the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) underwent episodes of rapid iceberg discharge, recorded in ocean sediments as “Heinrich events” (HEs). Two competing models attempt to describe the stimulus for HEs via either internal ice sheet oscillations or external ocean-climate system forcing. We present a terrestrial record of HEs from the northeastern LIS that strongly supports ocean-climate forcing. Subglacial carbonate precipitates from Baffin Island record episodes of subglacial melting coincident with the three most recent HEs, resulting from acceleration of nearby marine-terminating ice streams. Synchronized ice stream acceleration over Baffin Island and Hudson Strait is inconsistent with internal ice sheet oscillations alone and indicates a shared ocean-climate stimulus to coordinate these different glaciological systems. Isotopic compositions of these precipitates record widespread subglacial groundwater connectivity beneath the LIS. Extensive basal melting and flushing of these aquifers during the last HE may have been a harbinger for terminal deglaciation.
Concurrent mapping of brain ontogeny and phylogeny within a common space: Standardized tractography and applications
Authors: Warrington Shaun , Thompson Elinor , Bastiani Matteo , Dubois Jessica , Baxter Luke , Slater Rebeccah , Jbabdi Saad , Mars Rogier B. , Sotiropoulos Stamatios N.
Published: October 2022

Developmental and evolutionary effects on brain organization are complex, yet linked, as evidenced by the correspondence in cortical area expansion across these vastly different time scales. However, it is still not possible to study concurrently the ontogeny and phylogeny of cortical areal connections, which is arguably more relevant to brain function than allometric measurements. Here, we propose a novel framework that allows the integration of structural connectivity maps from humans (adults and neonates) and nonhuman primates (macaques) onto a common space. We use white matter bundles to anchor the common space and use the uniqueness of cortical connection patterns to these bundles to probe area specialization. This enabled us to quantitatively study divergences and similarities in connectivity over evolutionary and developmental scales, to reveal brain maturation trajectories, including the effect of premature birth, and to translate cortical atlases between diverse brains. Our findings open new avenues for an integrative approach to imaging neuroanatomy.
In vivo visualization of nitrate dynamics using a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor
Authors: Chen Yen-Ning , Cartwright Heather N. , Ho Cheng-Hsun
Published: October 2022

Nitrate (NO
3
−
) uptake and distribution are critical to plant life. Although the upstream regulation of NO
3
−
uptake and downstream responses to NO
3
−
in a variety of cells have been well studied, it is still not possible to directly visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of NO
3
−
with high resolution at the cellular level. Here, we report a nuclear-localized, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor, which we named NitraMeter3.0, for the quantitative visualization of NO
3
−
distribution in
Arabidopsis thaliana
. This biosensor tracked the spatiotemporal distribution of NO
3
−
along the primary root axis and disruptions by genetic mutation of transport (low NO
3
−
uptake) and assimilation (high NO
3
−
accumulation). The developed biosensor effectively monitors NO
3
−
concentrations at the cellular level in real time and spatiotemporal changes during the plant life cycle.
Stabilization of garnet/Li interphase by diluting the electronic conductor
Authors: Feng Wuliang , Hu Jiaming , Qian Guannan , Xu Zhenming , Zan Guibin , Liu Yijin , Wang Fei , Wang Chunsheng , Xia Yongyao
Published: October 2022

The high interfacial resistance and lithium (Li) dendrite growth are two major challenges for solid-state Li batteries (SSLBs). The lack of understanding on the correlations between electronic conductivity and Li dendrite formation limits the success of SSLBs. Here, by diluting the electronic conductor from the interphase to bulk Li during annealing of the aluminium nitride (AlN) interlayer, we changed the interphase from mixed ionic/electronic conductive to solely ionic conductive, and from lithiophilic to lithiophobic to fundamentally understand the correlation among electronic conductivity, Li dendrite, and interfacial resistance. During the conversion-alloy reaction between AlN and Li, the lithiophilic and electronic conductive Li

x

Al diffused into Li, forming a compact lithiophobic and ionic conductive Li
3
N, which achieved an ultrahigh critical current density of 2.6/14.0 mA/cm
2
in the time/capacity-constant mode, respectively. The fundamental understanding on the effect of interphase nature on interfacial resistance and Li dendrite suppression will provide guidelines for designing high-performance SSLBs.
Electrochemical recycling of homogeneous catalysts
Authors: Cotty Stephen , Jeon Jemin , Elbert Johannes , Jeyaraj Vijaya Sundar , Mironenko Alexander V. , Su Xiao
Published: October 2022

Homogeneous catalysts have rapid kinetics and keen reaction selectivity. However, their widespread use for industrial catalysis has remained limited because of challenges in reusability. Here, we propose a redox-mediated electrochemical approach for catalyst recycling using metallopolymer-functionalized electrodes for binding and release. The redox platform was investigated for the separation of key platinum and palladium homogeneous catalysts used in organic synthesis and industrial chemical manufacturing. Noble metal catalysts for hydrosilylation, silane etherification, Suzuki cross-coupling, and Wacker oxidation were recycled electrochemically. The redox electrodes demonstrated high sorption uptake for platinum-based catalysts (
Q
max
up to 200 milligrams of platinum per gram of adsorbent) from product mixtures, with up to 99.5% recovery, while retaining full catalytic activity over multiple cycles. The combination of mechanistic studies and electronic structure calculations indicate that selective interactions with anionic intermediates during the catalytic cycle played a key role in the separations. Last, continuous flow cell studies support the scalability and favorable technoeconomics of electrochemical recycling.
Mechanical neural networks: Architected materials that learn behaviors
Authors: Lee Ryan H. , Mulder Erwin A. B. , Hopkins Jonathan B.
Published: October 2022

Aside from some living tissues, few materials can autonomously learn to exhibit desired behaviors as a consequence of prolonged exposure to unanticipated ambient loading scenarios. Still fewer materials can continue to exhibit previously learned behaviors in the midst of changing conditions (e.g., rising levels of internal damage, varying fixturing scenarios, and fluctuating external loads) while also acquiring new behaviors best suited for the situation at hand. Here, we describe a class of architected materials, called mechanical neural networks (MNNs), that achieve such learning capabilities by tuning the stiffness of their constituent beams similar to how artificial neural networks (ANNs) tune their weights. An example lattice was fabricated to demonstrate its ability to learn multiple mechanical behaviors simultaneously, and a study was conducted to determine the effect of lattice size, packing configuration, algorithm type, behavior number, and linear-versus-nonlinear stiffness tunability on MNN learning as proposed. Thus, this work lays the foundation for artificial-intelligent (AI) materials that can learn behaviors and properties.
Lean body mass and the cardiovascular system constitute a female-specific relationship
Authors: Diaz-Canestro Candela , Pentz Brandon , Sehgal Arshia , Yang Ranyao , Xu Aimin , Montero David
Published: October 2022

Recent evidence points toward a link between lean body mass (LBM) and cardiovascular capacity in women. This study aimed at determining the sex-specific relationship of LBM with central and peripheral circulatory variables in healthy women and men (
n
=70) matched by age (60±12 years versus 58±15 years), physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Regional (legs, arms, and trunk) and whole-body (total) body composition were assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Cardiac structure, function, and central/peripheral hemodynamics were measured via transthoracic echocardiography and the volume-clamp method at rest and peak incremental exercise. Regression analyses determined sex-specific relationships between LBM and cardiovascular variables. Regional and total LBM were lower in women than men (
P
<0.001), with little overlap between sexes. Leg and arm LBM positively associated with left ventricular (LV) internal resting dimensions in women (
r
≥0.53,
P
≤0.002) but not men (
P
≥0.156). Leg, arm, and total LBM only associated with LV relaxation in women (
r
≥0.43,
P
≤0.013). All LBM variables strongly associated with LV volumes at peak exercise in women (
r
≥0.54,
P
≤0.001) but not men

and negatively associated with total peripheral resistance at peak exercise in women (
r
≥0.43,
P
≤0.023). Adjustment by adiposity-related or cardiovascular risk factors did not alter results. In conclusion, leg and arm LBM independently associate with internal cardiac dimensions, ventricular relaxation, and systemic vascular resistance in a sex-specific manner, with these relationships exclusively present in women.
Multispectral fluorine-19 MRI enables longitudinal and noninvasive monitoring of tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Croci Davide , Santalla Méndez Rui , Temme Sebastian , Soukup Klara , Fournier Nadine , Zomer Anoek , Colotti Roberto , Wischnewski Vladimir , Flögel Ulrich , van Heeswijk Ruud B. , Joyce Johanna A.
Published: October 2022

High-grade gliomas, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors, are characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the immune cells infiltrating the glioma TME, tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) constitute the major compartment. In patients with gliomas, increased TAM abundance is associated with more aggressive disease. Alterations in TAM phenotypes and functions have been reported in preclinical models of multiple cancers during tumor development and after therapeutic interventions, including radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapies. These findings indicate that it is crucial to evaluate TAM abundance and dynamics over time. Current techniques to quantify TAMs in patients rely mainly on histological staining of tumor biopsies. Although informative, these techniques require an invasive procedure to harvest the tissue sample and typically only result in a snapshot of a small region at a single point in time. Fluorine isotope 19 MRI (
19
F MRI) represents a powerful means to noninvasively and longitudinally monitor myeloid cells in pathological conditions by intravenously injecting perfluorocarbon-containing nanoparticles (PFC-NP). In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility and power of
19
F MRI in preclinical models of gliomagenesis, breast-to-brain metastasis, and breast cancer and showed that the major cellular source of
19
F signal consists of TAMs. Moreover, multispectral
19
F MRI with two different PFC-NP allowed us to identify spatially and temporally distinct TAM niches in radiotherapy-recurrent murine gliomas. Together, we have imaged TAMs noninvasively and longitudinally with integrated cellular, spatial, and temporal resolution, thus revealing important biological insights into the critical functions of TAMs, including in disease recurrence.
The anticancer human mTOR inhibitor sapanisertib potently inhibits multiple
Plasmodium
kinases and life cycle stages
Authors: Arendse Lauren B. , Murithi James M. , Qahash Tarrick , Pasaje Charisse Flerida A. , Godoy Luiz C. , Dey Sumanta , Gibhard Liezl , Ghidelli-Disse Sonja , Drewes Gerard , Bantscheff Marcus , Lafuente-Monasterio Maria J. , Fienberg Stephen , Wambua Lynn , Gachuhi Samuel , Coertzen Dina , van der Watt Mariëtte , Reader Janette , Aswat Ayesha S. , Erlank Erica , Venter Nelius , Mittal Nimisha , Luth Madeline R. , Ottilie Sabine , Winzeler Elizabeth A. , Koekemoer Lizette L. , Birkholtz Lyn-Marie , Niles Jacquin C. , Llinás Manuel , Fidock David A. , Chibale Kelly
Published: October 2022

Compounds acting on multiple targets are critical to combating antimalarial drug resistance. Here, we report that the human “mammalian target of rapamycin” (mTOR) inhibitor sapanisertib has potent prophylactic liver stage activity, in vitro and in vivo asexual blood stage (ABS) activity, and transmission-blocking activity against the protozoan parasite
Plasmodium
spp. Chemoproteomics studies revealed multiple potential
Plasmodium
kinase targets, and potent inhibition of
Plasmodium
phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type III beta (PI4Kβ) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate–dependent protein kinase (PKG) was confirmed in vitro. Conditional knockdown of PI4Kβ in ABS cultures modulated parasite sensitivity to sapanisertib, and laboratory-generated
P. falciparum
sapanisertib resistance was mediated by mutations in PI4Kβ. Parasite metabolomic perturbation profiles associated with sapanisertib and other known PI4Kβ and/or PKG inhibitors revealed similarities and differences between chemotypes, potentially caused by sapanisertib targeting multiple parasite kinases. The multistage activity of sapanisertib and its in vivo antimalarial efficacy, coupled with potent inhibition of at least two promising drug targets, provides an opportunity to reposition this pyrazolopyrimidine for malaria.
Complete Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus 2308, Isolated from an Abortion Storm on a Dairy Farm in India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Prajapati Malyaj R. , Upadhyay Surendra , Bhordia Anamika , Singh Vinod Kumar , Singh Jitender , Rahal Anu , Kumar Ravindra , Sirohi Anil
Published: October 2022

The present report communicates the first complete genome sequence ofBrucella abortusstrain 2308, isolated from an abortion storm on a dairy farm in India. Bacteria were isolated in pure culture from the placentas of aborted calves, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that the genome sequence length of the isolated strain is 3,285,606 bp, with a GC content of 57.25%, anN50value of 296,426 bp, and anL50value of 4, containing 3,119 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), 49 tRNAs, 1 transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA), and 3 rRNA genes.
Genome Sequencing Suggests Diverse Secondary Metabolism in Coral-Associated Aquimarina megaterium
Authors: Couceiro Joana Fernandes , Keller-Costa Tina , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Woyke Tanja , Whitman William B. , Costa Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

We report here the genome sequences of three
Aquimarina megaterium
strains isolated from the octocoral
Eunicella labiata
. We reveal a coding potential for versatile carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of natural products belonging to the polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and terpene compound classes.
Comparative Genomic Insights into the Evolution of
Halobacteria
-Associated “
Candidatus
Nanohaloarchaeota”
Authors: Zhao Dahe , Zhang Shengjie , Kumar Sumit , Zhou Heng , Xue Qiong , Sun Wurunze , Zhou Jian , Xiang Hua
Published: October 2022

The DPANN superphylum is a group of archaea widely distributed in various habitats. They generally have small cells and have a symbiotic lifestyle with other archaea.
Supplemental Material: Late Holocene volcanic stratigraphy and eruption chronology of the dacitic Young Doña Juana volcano, Colombia
Authors: Pardo Natalia , al. et
Published: October 2022

Supplemental Material 1: Link to the interactive map (1.1), histograms (1.2), and statistics (1.3) of grain-size distributions of each pyroclastic unit. Supplemental Material 2: Radiocarbon dating (n = 90) and whole-rock geochemical data (n = 27) of juvenile clasts. Supplemental Material 3: Details on volume calculation and calculation of main geometric parameters following Giordano and Cas (2021). 
Accuracy of pattern deviation in estimating the glaucomatous damage in the central 10° visual field in eyes with glaucoma and cataract
Authors: Tomita Ryo , Asaoka Ryo , Hirasawa Kazunori , Fujino Yuri , Nakakura Shunsuke , Murata Hiroshi , Omura Tetsuo , Shoji Nobuyuki , Obana Akira , Nishiguchi Koji M , Tanito Masaki
Published: October 2022

Background/aims

The accuracy of pattern deviation (PD) in estimating the damage to the glaucomatous visual field (VF) in the central 10° in eyes with glaucoma and cataract is unclear.

Methods

This retrospective study includes 63 eyes of 52 glaucoma patients who successfully underwent cataract surgery or cataract surgery plus iStent implantation. Using the Humphrey Field Analyser 10–2 test, VF was measured within 6 months preoperatively and postoperatively (VFpreand VFpost, respectively). The mean total deviation values in VFpost(mTDpost) indicates glaucomatous damage without cataract and the difference between this value and mean PD values in VFpre(mPDpre) was evaluated (εmPD). The effect of cataract was then evaluated as the difference between mTDpostand mTDpre(ΔmTD), while the effects of mTDpostand ΔmTD on εmPD were also assessed. In addition, based on preoperative visual acuity (VApre) and VFpre, the optimal model for predicting mTDpostwas identified. The error of this method (εOptimalModel) was estimated as the difference against mTDpost, which was compared with εmPD.

Results

Compared with mTDpre, there was a significant improvement in mTDpost(p=0.028). A significant difference was observed between mPDpreand mTDpost(p<0.001). Further, εmPD significantly increased with the increase of mTDpostor ΔmTD (p<0.001 and p=0.0444, respectively). The absolute εOptimalModel was significantly smaller than the absolute εmPD (p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study warns clinicians that PD of the central 10° VF might underestimate the glaucomatous VF damage with the progression of glaucoma and overestimate it as a cataract progresses.
Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common shoulder injuries in sport: grading the evidence – a statement paper commissioned by the Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF)
Authors: Liaghat Behnam , Pedersen Julie Rønne , Husted Rasmus Skov , Pedersen Lisbeth Lund , Thorborg Kristian , Juhl Carsten B
Published: October 2022

This statement paper summarises and appraises the evidence on diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of common shoulder injuries in sports. We systematically searched Medline and Embase. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool was applied to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.

For diagnosis, we included 19 clinical tests from mixed populations. Tests for anterior instability, biceps-labrum complex injuries and full subscapularis rupture had high diagnostic accuracy (low to moderate quality of evidence).

For prevention, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, the Shoulder Control, the FIFA 11+ shoulder injury prevention programmes, and a baseball-specific programme (range of motion, stretching, dynamic stability and strengthening exercises) showed moderate to large effect size in reducing the risk of shoulder injury compared with no intervention (very low to moderate quality of evidence).

For treatment, a rehabilitation programme including stretching, ice packs, electrotherapy and compression, and strengthening exercises showed a large effect size in reducing pain and disability compared with no intervention in athletes with subacromial impingement syndrome (very low to moderate quality of evidence). For the treatment of supraspinatus tendinopathy, hyperthermia treatment (heating the skin to 38°C–40°C) resulted in large effect size in reducing pain and disability compared with ultrasound or pendular swinging and stretching exercises (moderate quality of evidence). Strengthening exercise alone or in combination with stretching exercises promoted a large effect in reducing shoulder pain (cohort studies, no comparators) (very low quality of evidence). The quality of evidence for most estimates was low to moderate, indicating that future high-quality research may alter our recommendations for clinical practice.
Association between recovery/occurrence of metabolic syndrome and rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in middle-aged and older populations: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Peijia , Tang Leile , Fang Jia , Chen Chaojin , Liu Xun
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Few studies have explored correlations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) alterations and renal deterioration in longitudinal cohorts. We aim to investigate associations between MetS recovery/development and rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

This study is a secondary analysis of CHARLS.

Participants

After excluding individuals with age <45 years old, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2and clinician-reported malignant tumour, heart disease, stroke or kidney disease at baseline, 4142 participants with complete data were selected from the CHARLS during the 4-year follow-up period (2011–2015).

Outcome measures

MetS were measured at 2011 and 2015 in CHARLS. A rapid eGFR decline was defined as an average annual eGFR decline of >3 mL/min/1.73 m2. The associations between rapid eGFR decline and MetS recovery/development were analysed using multivariable adjusted logistic models.

Results

According to MetS baseline status and follow-up, participants were divided into four groups: (1) 2460 (59.4%) in the MetS-free group, (2) 361 (8.7%) in the MetS-developed group, (3) 499 (12.0%) in the MetS recovery group and (4) 822 (19.8%) in the MetS chronic group. When compared with the MetS chronic group, the multivariable adjusted OR of rapid eGFR decline in the MetS recovery group was 0.64 (OR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.90, p=0.01). In contrast, when compared with the MetS-free group, the multivariable adjusted OR of rapid eGFR decline in the MetS-developed group was 1.00 (OR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.38, p=0.98).

Conclusions

Over the 4-year follow-up period, we found that MetS recovery was associated with a reduced risk of rapid eGFR decline in middle-aged and older adults, while MetS occurrence was not related to rapid eGFR decline. Recovery from MetS appeared to protect against a rapid decline in eGFR.
Mediation role of work motivation and job satisfaction between work-related basic need satisfaction and work engagement among doctors in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Le , Wang Zhonghua , Li Zhong , Lin Yuxin , Wang Juanjuan , Wu Yang , Tang Jinhai
Published: October 2022

Objectives

This study aims to examine the association of work-related basic need satisfaction (W-BNS) with doctors’ work engagement and explore the mediating role of work motivation and job satisfaction between the two variables.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study.

Setting

The study was conducted in four public grade A tertiary hospitals in China.

Participants

A total of 1000 doctors were invited to participate; 849 doctors completed questionnaires validly.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Questionnaires were administered online and offline to collect data, consisting of six parts: social demographic characteristics, work-related characteristics, and scales related to W-BNS, work motivation, job satisfaction and work engagement. One-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis were performed using SPSS, and mediation analysis was carried out via PROCESS macro.

Results

Our research showed that W-BNS, work motivation, job satisfaction and work engagement were positively correlated. Work engagement was significantly predicted by W-BNS (β＝0.15, p<0.001) through motivation at work (β＝0.23, p<0.001) and job satisfaction (β＝0.44, p<0.001), respectively. Compared with work motivation, the mediating effect of job satisfaction was stronger (95% CI −0.22 to −0.06).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that job satisfaction and work motivation may be important pathways through which doctors’ W-BNS may influence their work engagement. In order to maintain and promote doctors’ work engagement, hospital administrators should consider strengthening the internal motivation of doctors and improving their job satisfaction.
Choice and Partnership Approach to community mental health and addiction services: a realist-informed scoping review
Authors: Campbell Leslie Anne , Clark Sharon E , Chorney Jill , Emberly Debbie , MacDonald Julie , MacKenzie Adrian , Warner Grace , Wozney Lori
Published: October 2022

Objectives

The Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA) was developed to create an accessible, child-centred and family-centred model of child and adolescent mental health service delivery that is adaptable to different settings. We sought to describe the state of evidence regarding the extent, outcomes and contextual considerations of CAPA implementation in community mental health services.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

Published and grey literature were searched using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Google to 13 and 20 July 2022, respectively.

Eligibility criteria

We included reports focused on the implementation, outcomes (clinical, programme or system) or a discussion of contextual factors that may impact CAPA implementation in either child and adolescent or adult mental health services.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data were extracted using a codebook that reflected the five domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and reviewed for agreement and accuracy. Data were synthesised according to the five CFIR domains.

Results

Forty-eight reports describing 36 unique evaluations were included. Evaluations were observational in nature; 10 employed pre–post designs. CAPA implementation, regardless of setting, was largely motivated by long wait times. Characteristics of individuals (eg, staff buy-in or skills) were not reported. Processes of implementation included facilitative leadership, data-informed planning and monitoring and CAPA training. Fidelity to CAPA was infrequently measured (n=9/36) despite available tools. Health system outcomes were most frequently reported (n=28/36); few evaluations (n=7/36) reported clinical outcomes, with only three reporting pre/post CAPA changes.

Conclusions

Gaps in evidence preclude a systematic review and meta-analysis of CAPA implementation. Measurement of clinical outcomes represents an area for significant improvement in evaluation. Consistent measurement of model fidelity is essential for ensuring the accuracy of outcomes attributed to its implementation. An understanding of the change processes necessary to support implementation would be strengthened by more comprehensive consideration of contextual factors.
What the children tell us: the COVID-19 pandemic and how the world should respond
Authors: Kyeremateng Rosina , Lynch Margaret A , Pinzón-Segura María Camila , Osei-Bonsu Angela , Fortmann Joshua , Wood David
Published: October 2022

While the COVID-19 pandemic and associated mitigation measures have had a devastating impact on children and youth (CY), they were rarely consulted or their views incorporated into the approaches to address the pandemic.

The main objective of this review is to present the voices and opinions of CY relative to the impact of the first year of the pandemic, on their lives and the lives of their families, and to present their recommendations as a call to action to adults and governments.

The origin of this review was an iterative consultation process involving an international collective of Child Health professionals specialising in Child Rights. The recruitment of articles began by soliciting articles written or recommended by members of our international Child Health professional organisation. We then developed search strategies which were conducted in two phases, with the assistance of medical librarians. We limited our search to articles that sought the direct perspectives and experiences of CY in regard to the first year of COVID-19, and published between February 2020 and February 2021.

Two phases of searches identified 8131 studies for screening. Following removal of irrelevant literature, 28 studies were included for the final analysis.

CY articulate the detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to their health, education, protection and basic needs, clearly and intelligently. They make specific recommendations to address the issues they elucidate. They state a need for accurate information that is targeted for them. They ask for recognition as stakeholders and social actors in the pandemic response planning and implementation processes.

We assert that the recognition of CY as stakeholders in response planning for COVID-19 and other emerging crises such as climate change, must become a statutory requirement for local, national and international policy-makers. Evidence of CY participation should specifically be reported to and tracked by the Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Post-wildfire salvage logging effects on snag structure and dead woody fuel loadings
Authors: Johnson Morris C. , Kennedy Maureen C. , Harrison Sarah C. , Alvarado Ernesto , Desautel Cody , Holford Joseph , Logue Shay
Published: October 2022

Salvage logging is a controversial tool for post-wildfire management that removes fire-killed trees. We use a generalized randomized experimental design to fulfill two main objectives: (1) quantify the immediate (1-year post-harvest) effects of salvage logging on stand structure, fine and coarse woody fuel loadings; and (2) use pre- and post-empirical field data and the Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator (Reinhardt and Crookston 2003) to simulate post-wildfire dead woody fuel succession and snag dynamics. We compared the effects on woody fuel loadings of two salvage logging prescriptions: (1) seed tree harvest, thin to 3.4 m2·ha−1; and (2) full salvage of all merchantable timber, relative to unlogged controls. There was substantial block-level variability in the implementation of the treatments and in their immediate effects on fine fuel loading, complicating comparison of the two prescriptions. Overall, salvage logging did reduce snag basal area and, relative to unlogged controls, significantly increased measured fine woody fuel loading (10 and 100 h). Simulated snag fall was rapid, with a mean predicted snag basal area loss of 61% within 10 years. Future long-term monitoring of permanent field plots will supplement model predictions and provide valuable data to inform post-wildfire management decisions.
Diffractive semi-hard production of a $$J/\psi $$ or a $$\Upsilon $$ from single-parton fragmentation plus a jet in hybrid factorization
Authors: Celiberto Francesco Giovanni , Fucilla Michael
Published: October 2022

We investigate the inclusive hadroproduction of a heavy quarkonium ($$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

or $$\Upsilon $$
Υ
), in association with a light-flavored jet, as a testing ground for the semi-hard regime of QCD. Our theoretical setup is the hybrid high-energy and collinear factorization, where the standard collinear approach is supplemented by the t-channel resummation of leading and next-to-leading energy logarithms à la BFKL. We present predictions for rapidity and azimuthal-angle differential distributions, hunting for stabilizing effects of the high-energy series under higher-order corrections. Our reaction represents an additional channel to test the production mechanisms of quarkonia at high energies and large transverse momenta and to possibly shed light on the transition region from heavy-quark pair production to single-parton fragmentation of $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

and $$\Upsilon $$
Υ
states.
Displaced vertex and disappearing track signatures in type-III seesaw
Authors: Jana Sudip , Okada Nobuchika , Raut Digesh
Published: October 2022

We investigate a prospect of probing the type-III seesaw neutrino mass generation mechanism at various collider experiments by searching for a disappearing track and a displaced vertex signature originating from the decay of $$SU(2)_L$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

triplet fermion ($$\Sigma $$
Σ
). Since $$\Sigma $$
Σ
is primarily produced at colliders through the electroweak gauge interactions, its production rate is uniquely determined by its mass. We find that a $$\Sigma $$
Σ
particle produces a disappearing track signature from the decay of its charged component, which can be searched at the HL-LHC. Furthermore, we show that if the lightest observed neutrino has a mass of around $$10^{-9}$$

10

-
9

 eV, the neutral component of $${\Sigma }$$
Σ
can be discovered at the proposed MATHUSLA detector. We also show that the charged component of $${\Sigma }$$
Σ
can be potentially be observed at FCC-he as a displaced vertex signature.