bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Insulin and Glucose Dynamics and Metabolic Adaptions During Pregnancy under Two Testing Conditions: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp
Authors: Calancie Larissa , Jalali Mohammad S. , Akhavan Ali , Mahmoud Taysir , Economos Christina D. , O'Tierney-Ginn Perrie F.
Published: April 2024

Background
Maternal metabolism has important short- and long-term implications for mothers and their infants. Elevated levels of circulating maternal glucose and insulin are associated with large for gestational age infants and increased neonatal adiposity, both of which can have negative health effects. Assessing maternal glucose and insulin dynamics during pregnancy is important for identifying women in need of intervention and has the potential for informing personalized prenatal care.
Methods
We developed a novel system dynamics simulation model that estimates plasma insulin and glucose levels in early (12–16 weeks) and late (34–36 weeks) pregnancy under two clinical testing conditions: a 3-hour 75g fasted oral glucose tolerance test, and 3-hr fasted hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions.
Results
Model output closely resembled research data collected from 28 racially and ethnically diverse participants at both time points (e.g., OGTT glucose R2 in early pregnancy: 0.97, OGTT insulin R2 in early pregnancy: 0.98). The late pregnancy model includes five known metabolic adaptations that occur over the course of gestation, which contribute to the development of maternal insulin resistance. This physiologic insulin resistance in pregnancy facilitates nutrient availability to support fetal growth as gestation progresses.
Conclusion
This study is an initial step toward developing a personalized tool for monitoring maternal glucose dynamics to improve prenatal care, especially for pregnancies complicated by obesity and/or GDM. The novel simulation model shows how a combination of metabolic adaptations during pregnancy can explain the observed development of insulin resistance the occurs between early to late pregnancy. We included key delays in insulin action, an innovative approach to model glucose intake during an OGTT, and used several testing conditions to inform and validate the model. The model output aligned with plasma insulin and glucose in early and late pregnancy among participants (N = 28) under measured OGTT and simulated hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions.
Establishment and Validation of Predictive Model of ARDS in critically ill patients
Authors: wei senhao , Zhang Hua , Li Hao , Li Chao , Shen Ziyuan , Yin Yiyuan , Cong Zhukai , Zeng Zhaojin , Ge Qinggang , Li Dongfeng , Zhu Xi
Published: April 2024

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent complication among critically ill patients, constituting around 10% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality rates ranging from 35% to 46%. Hence, early recognition and prediction of ARDS are crucial for the timely administration of targeted treatment. However, ARDS is frequently underdiagnosed or delayed, and its heterogeneity diminishes the clinical utility of ARDS biomarkers. This study aimed to observe the incidence of ARDS among high-risk patients and develop and validate an ARDS prediction model using machine learning (ML) techniques based on clinical parameters.
Methods: This prospective cohort study in China was conducted on critically ill patients to derivate and validate the prediction model. The derivation cohort, consisting of 400 patients admitted to the ICU of the Peking University Third Hospital(PUTH) between December 2020 and August 2023, was separated for training and internal validation, and an external data set of 160 patients at the FU YANG People's Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 was employed for external validation. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen predictor variables. Multiple ML classification models were integrated to analyze and identify the best models. Several evaluation indexes were used to compare the predictive performance, including the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). S Hapley Additive ex Planations (SHAP) is used to interpret ML models.
Results:400 critically ill patients were included in the analysis, with 117 developing ARDS during follow-up. The final model included gender, Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS), HepaticDisease, Shock, and combined Lung Contusion. Based on the AUC and DCA in the validation group, the logistic model demonstrated excellent performance, achieving an AUC of 0.836 (95% CI: 0.762-0.910). For external validation, comprising 160 patients, 44 of whom developed ARDS, the AUC was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.723-0.875).
conclusion: Logistic regression models were constructed and interpreted using the SHAP method to provide a basis for screening high-risk groups for ARDS and to guide individualized treatment for different patients.
Glacier Surge as a Trigger for the Fastest Delta Growth in the Arctic
Authors: Kavan Jan , Strzelecki Mateusz , Benn Douglas , Luckman Adrian , Matěj Roman , Zagórski Piotr
Published: April 2024

The widespread retreat of Svalbard glaciers has been frequently interrupted by short-lived surge advances. In the case of marine-terminating glaciers this is often expressed in the remodelling of coastal zones. We analyzed the coastal zone changes in front of the recently surging Recherchebreen. The glacier advanced ca 1200 m and suddenly stopped in June 2020 followed by the rapid formation of a delta system in front of its subglacial meltwater outlet. The delta advanced by ca 450 m with probably the fastest progradation rate ever detected in the Arctic region. The synchroneity of the final slow-down of the glacier with the delta building indicates that this event records the release of stored water and sediments from beneath the glacier thus providing direct evidence of drainage reorganisation at the termination of a surge. Such behaviour is likely common among Svalbard surging glaciers, but it only rarely leaves any direct geomorphic evidence.
Evaluation of Junctional Zone Differential and Ratio as Possible Markers of Clinical Efficacy in Uterine Artery Embolization of Adenomyosis
Authors: Turtóczki Kolos , Cho Hyunsoo , Dastaran Sorour , Kaposi Pál N. , Tömösváry Zoltán , Várbíró Szabolcs , Ács Nándor , Kalina Ildikó , Bérczi Viktor
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Uterine artery embolization is a well-established method of adenomyosis treatment. Changes in uterine volume and maximal junctional zone thickness (JZmax) after embolization are thoroughly analyzed in the literature. Changes in other suggested morphological diagnostic markers of adenomyosis (junctional zone differential – JZdiff - and junctional zone ratio - JZratio) on the other hand are rarely evaluated. This single-center retrospective study aimed to analyze the changes in morphological parameters used for the MR imaging diagnosis of adenomyosis (including JZdiff and JZratio) after UAE. Clinical effectiveness and safety were also analyzed.
Materials and methods
Patients who underwent UAE for adenomyosis from 2008-2021 were evaluated. Adenomyosis was diagnosed based on JZmax, JZdiff, and JZratio measured on MR imaging. To assess clinical efficacy numerical-analog-quality-of-life (QoL) score was routinely obtained from patients at our centre. MRI morphological data were analyzed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, uni- and multivariate regression models, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results
From our database of 801 patients who underwent UAE in 14 years, preprocedural MR images were available in 577 cases, 15 patients had pure adenomyosis (15/577, 2.6%). Uterine volume, JZmax, and JZdiff decreased significantly after UAE; QoL score increased significantly. A significant correlation was found between QoL change vs. JZmax and JZdiff change. Permanent amenorrhoea and elective hysterectomy 5 years after UAE were both 7.1%.
Conclusion
Change of JZdiff after UAE in adenomyis is a potential marker of clinical success. UAE is clinically safe and effective treatment in adenomyosis.
Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case Series.
The role of C5aR1-mediated hepatic macrophage efferocytosis in NASH
Authors: Shen Xuan , Zheng Wenxing , Du Xinna , Chen Yuping , song Xianping , Yang Liucai , Yuan Qi
Published: April 2024

NAFLD has become the first major chronic liver disease in developed countries. 10-20% of NAFLD patients will progress to NASH, and up to 25% of NASH patients may develop cirrhosis within 10 years. Therefore, it is critical to find key factors that may treat this disease. Here, we identified C5aR1 as a highly-expressed gene in NASH model mice through analyzing GEO database and confirmed its higher expression in livers of NASH patients than that of NAFL patients. Meanwhile, we verified its positive correlation with patients’ serum ALT and AST levels. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that knocking down C5aR1 in liver significantly reduced liver weight ratio and serum ALT and AST levels and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and cell apoptosis in the liver of NASH mice as well as enhanced the efferocytotic ability of liver macrophages, suggesting that C5aR1 may play a crucial role in the efferocytosis of liver macrophages. Furthermore, we also found that the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and other inflammation-related factors in the liver were significantly reduced. Our work demonstrates a potential mechanism of how C5aR1 deficiency protects against diet-induced NASH by coordinating the regulation of inflammatory factors and affecting hepatic macrophage efferocytosis.
Dual beam optical coherence tomography angiography for decoupling axial velocity gradient
Authors: Xu Zhengyang , Wang Yukun , Chen Xi , Lin Kan , Liu Linbo
Published: April 2024

Axial velocity gradient (AVG) in the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) signal affects measurement accuracy when the flow is not perpendicular to the scanning beam. We developed a dual beam OCTA method to decouple the contribution of AVG from the decorrelation signal. Decoupling is first verified by phantom experiments which reduces measurement uncertainty from 8% to 0.4% (standard deviation). We also tested the method in human skin in vivo and the results indicate that the contribution of AVG to decorrelation signal is reduced.
Study on low energy consumption control method and working performance of linear compressor
Authors: LI Jiangang , WU Jianjun , HUANG Qijia , GUAN Xiaowei , GAO Zhongjie , YANG Xinwei
Published: April 2024

For the high performance study of linear compressor with single mathematical model and control method, by analyzing the working principle of linear compressor, based on Lyapunov function, establish the mathematical model of low energy compressor system with frequency input and power output, compensate the uncertainty of the compressor, improve the transient performance, simulation and stability analysis.The compressor performance test bench was set up, and the fully automated multi-parameter test was realized based on Matlab software, obtaining the influence of parameter change on the performance of the compressor.The results show that when the working frequency is 54Hz , the refrigeration system enters the stable state for a shorter time and the power is lower; when the evaporation temperature is 30℃, the stability time is shorter and the power is lower; when the refrigerant is charged 300g, the stability time is shorter; the stable state and the consumption time is reduced by 32%, which proves that the proposed compressor system modeling method is feasible and efficient, and the proposed model control strategy has good low energy consumption and effectiveness.
Is Reciprocal Facilitation a Myth in Upper Motor Neuron Lesions?
Authors: Kalaoglu Eser , Kokce Mustafa , Çetin Mert , Türker Kemal , Karacan Ilhan
Published: April 2024

Study Design: Clinical trial
Objective: To investigate whether reciprocal facilitation is a pseudo-reflex response resulting from crosstalk or cross-stimulation using the MMU EMG technique.
Setting: Istanbul Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
Methods: Five individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord lesions (SCL) and five able-bodied volunteers participated in the study. To trigger the reciprocal facilitation response in the tibialis anterior muscle, the Soleus T-reflex was induced by tapping the Achilles tendon, while the Soleus H-reflex was elicited by stimulating the tibialis nerve. Reflex responses were simultaneously recorded from the right soleus and right tibialis anterior muscles using both surface electromyography (sEMG) and multi-motor unit (MMU) EMG.
Results: It was noted that the EMG responses initially interpreted as reciprocal facilitation in both able-bodied individuals and those with SCL were actually due to cross-stimulation. Specifically, it was found that when the tibial nerve was stimulated with an electrical current to evoke the soleus H-reflex, simultaneous stimulation of the peroneal nerve occurred, resulting in the occurrence of both tibialis anterior H-reflex and M wave (cross-electrical stimulation). Additionally, striking the Achilles tendon with a reflex hammer to elicit the soleus T-reflex resulted in mechanical stimulation spreading to both the soleus and tibialis anterior muscle bellies, activating the muscle spindles and eliciting both soleus and tibialis anterior T-reflex responses (cross-mechanical stimulation).
Conclusions: No evidence supporting reciprocal facilitation was found. Further research utilizing H-reflex and T-reflex tests, resolving the cross-stimulation issue, is needed to establish its existence conclusively.
WITHDRAWN: Analysis and Control of the Gearshift Process Based on a Dog Clutch Shiftability Model
Authors: Aljawabrah Ayham , Szabó Ádám , Lovas Laszlo
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with gearshift control using a face dog clutch as a shifting element. Based on our previous work on dog clutch kinematics, the paper identifies optimal control parameters, such as the optimal angular position difference at which the gearshift process can start, and the linear reference position trajectory. The robustness of the control parameters is shown. Further on, a gearshift mechanism dynamic model is developed, describing elements of an existing gearbox with shifting elements guided by a rotating disc. The coupled linear and torsional dynamics of the actuated shifting mechanism are analyzed. Finally, a linear quadratic regulator is designed and tested in a model in the loop environment for the requested reference trajectory to show the feasibility of the presented method. Two gearshift cases are considered, and the results show that the developed controller can perform a successful gearshift without experiencing a face impact between the gear and the sliding sleeve teeth.
A rare case of diaphragmatic dysfunction following endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with concomitant sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Kerkhove Olivier Van , Demolder Saartje , Testelmans Dries , Buyse Bertien , Kalkanis Alexandros
Published: April 2024

A 60-year-old male patient presented at our outpatient clinic with exertional dyspnoea and orthopnoea. He recently underwent a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We documented a new right-sided unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (UDP) as well as severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in this patient. The combination of this particular surgical method, the concomitant OSAS and the right side of the UDP make this a unique case. In this report we will briefly summarize several aspects of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the post-CABG setting, with a thorough focus on the role of ultrasound in its diagnosis and follow-up.
Blocking Immune Checkpoint—LAIR1: Disrupting the LAIR1—FXIII-A—Collagen Immunosuppressive Circuit for Enhanced Antitumor Therapeutics
Authors: Huang Jianping , Tao Haipeng , Chen Dongjiang , Yang Changlin , Nguyen Duy , Liu Ruixuan , Liu Tianyi , Chakraborty Avirup , Hou Alicia , Petit Nicole , Abbas Muhammad , Roemeling Christina , Gbadamosi Mohammed , Jin Linchun , Gu Tongjun , Lin Tuo , Pepe Alfonso , Pedro Diego , Yu Shengkun , Abboud Georges , Mendez-Gomez Hector , Karachi Aida , Weidert Frances , Jin Dan , Long-James Kaytora , Molchan Elizabeth , Castillo Paul , Ligon John , Ghiaseddin Ashley , Sayour Elias , Rahman Maryam , Deleyrolle Loic , Kim Betty , Mitchell Duane , Sawyer W. Gregory
Published: April 2024

Recent evidence suggests that tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs), which include tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), play a significant role in cancer immunosuppression and progression. These cells constitute up to 50% of a tumor's total mass and play pivotal roles in dampening the immune response, thereby negatively affecting patient survival. Therefore, targeting TAMCs could overcome the limitations of current cancer treatments. Yet, drug development in this realm remains limited. Our research focuses on leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1), prominently expressed on the surface of TAMs, which is essential in mediating the immunosuppressive role of TAMs. We have uncovered a previously unrecognized immunosuppressive LAIR1→ Factor XIII A (FXIII-A)→ Collagen IV circuit across cancer types. The LAIR1 triggers TAMs to release the FXIII-A around tumor cells, which increases tumor collagen IV deposition and structure, shielding the tumors from immune attacks. Inhibiting LAIR1, either through genetic knock-out (LAIR1-/-) or antibody blockade (aLAIR1), effectively disrupts this immunosuppressive pathway and results in enhanced peripheral and tumor-infiltrating memory CD8 T cell populations, a phenotypic shift of TAMs towards an M1 profile, and a decrease in collagen deposition. These collective effects contribute to the normalization of the TME and facilitate improved interactions between T cells and tumor cells, leading to a more effective antitumor response. Notably, using aLAIR1 as a standalone intervention or combined with Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy demonstrates enhanced antitumor efficacy in preclinical models resistant to anti-PD-1 treatment. These findings position aLAIR1 as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Sequential Acid-Catalyzed Esterification and Base-Catalyzed Transesterification of Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng.) and Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) Oils of High Acid Values Over Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas
Authors: Mota Claudio J. A. , Moreira Anderson F. Sant´Anna , Vieira José Sebastião C. , de Lima Ana Lúcia , Lachter Elizabeth R.
Published: April 2024

In this work Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng.) and Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense camb.) vegetable oils of high acid values were transformed in the respective methyl esters, through sequential acid-catalyzed esterification and base-catalyzed transesterification over functionalized mesoporous heterogeneous catalysts. The vegetable oils were firstly esterified with methanol over SBA-15 functionalized with propylsulfonic acid (Pr-HSO3/SBA-15) or K-10 Montmorillonite. The oil to methanol molar ratio, temperature, catalyst loading, and time were varied to assess the best conversion of the free fatty acids. The esterification with Pr-HSO3/SBA-15 catalyst yielded 94% and 83% in the esters for the Babassu and Pequi oils, respectively, at the best reaction conditions studied. K-10 Montmorillonite showed a poorer performance in the esterification, yielding 70% of methyl esters for the Babassu oil. The Pr-HSO3/SBA-15 acid catalyst showed negligible loss of activity for three consecutive reuses, whereas K-10 is significantly poisoned upon the first use. These results may be explained by the higher acidity of the hybrid catalyst. The esterified oils were subject to transesterification with methanol in the presence of MCM-41 mesoporous silica grafted with 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4,4,0] dec-5-ene (TBD/MCM-41) basic catalyst. At the best conditions studied, the esterified Pequi oil achieved 89% conversion in the methyl esters. The results may be explained by the relatively low incorporation of the organic base on the silica support. The sequential esterification and transesterification of Babassu and Pequi oils over functionalized silica heterogeneous catalysts may be a sustainable alternative to the production of biodiesel in remote regions.
Linear and Artificial Neural Network Radiation models over North India
Authors: Singh S. K. , Srivast Priyank , Jain Ankit , Singh Ashok K.
Published: April 2024

The present study examines three key aspects of global solar radiation modelling based on sunshine duration. Firstly, Angstrom coefficients were calibrated for both daily and monthly datasets using the recommended values of a = 0.25 and b = 0.50 as suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Secondly, it conducts a stability analysis of the estimated coefficients for both daily and monthly time scales, taking into account variations in data length at selected locations due to the availability of data during different time durations. Lastly, data-driven artificial neural network (ANN) regression model was employed to not only enhance correlation and accuracy, but also to identify non-linear relationship between the duration of sunshine and global radiation. Four meteorological stations, namely New Delhi, Lucknow, Varanasi, and Patna, were chosen for this study. These stations are located in North India, specifically between 23°52º N to 30°15³ N and 76°24' E to 88°17' E. The Angstrom-Prescott models showed a strong linear relationship between sunshine duration and global radiation for both daily and monthly data with high statistical significance (p<0.01). The monthly and daily value calibrated coefficients for the Angstrom-Prescott models showed no significant variation in predicted global radiation root mean square error (RMSE), suggesting that both types of calibration can be used interchangeably. The average values of Angstrom coefficient for the region were found to be, a= 0.264, b=0.454 for monthly and a=0.292, b=0.427 for daily sunshine-radiation data. Angstrom constant ‘b’ shows relatively high variability with locations in two climate zones of the area. For monthly data, the estimated average coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.7962 and an average RMSE 1.2377 MJ/m2-day was found in North India. For the daily data, R2 = 0.7910; the average RMSE) was estimated to be 1.6794 MJ/m2-day in the region. The double and triple layer ANN regression models showed better performance improving R2 from 0.08% to 5.67% and lowering RMSE by 0.0345-0.2575 MJ/m2-day. Thus, the data-driven ANN regression models demonstrated not only a higher accuracy but also revealed the non-linear relationships between global radiation and sunshine duration in the region. Similar results were also exhibited by higher-order (non-linear) physical models for global radiation and sunshine duration conducted in India and other parts of the world. For most of the practical applications the linear A-P model was found to be simpler and sufficient with reasonable accuracy.
Feasibility and safety of surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway as first-line therapy for a select newborn population: results of a standardized clinical protocol
Authors: Kubicka Zuzanna , Zahr Eyad , Feldman Henry A , Rousseau Tamara , Welgs Theresa , Ditzel Amy , Perry Diana , Lacy Molly , O'Rourke Carolyn , Arzuaga Bonnie
Published: April 2024

Objectives
(1) To demonstrate feasibility and safety of surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as a first-line therapy. (2) To measure treatment success, defined as avoidance of intubation/invasive mechanical ventilation, and determine if specific clinical variables could predict success/failure.
Study design:
Observational cohort with eligible infants given surfactant using one type of LMA via standardized protocol. Data was captured prospectively followed by retrospective chart review.
Results
150 infants ≥ 1250g and 28.3–41.1 weeks gestation were included. First-line LMA surfactant therapy was successful in 70% of the infants and those infants weaned to room air significantly quicker than infants requiring subsequent intubation/mechanical ventilation (p = 0.01 by 72h, p = 0.003 by 96h). Clinical variables assessed could not predict treatment success/failure. Complications were infrequent and did not differ between groups.
Conclusion
First-line LMA surfactant is feasible and safe for certain infants. Prediction of treatment success was not possible in our cohort.
Regulating the Double-Way Traffic of Cations and Anions in Ambipolar Polymer Cathodes for Sustainable Aluminum Dual-Ion Batteries
Authors: Jiang Jia-Xing , Luo Lian-Wei , Zhang Chong , Ma Wenyan , Han Changzhi , Ai Xuan , Chen Yu , Xu Yunhua , Ji Xiulei
Published: April 2024

The strong Coulombic interactions between Al3+ and traditional inorganic crystalline cathodes present a significant obstacle in developing high-performance rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) that hold promise for safe and sustainable stationary energy storage. While accommodating chloroaluminate ions (AlCl4−, AlCl2+ etc.) in redox-active organic compounds offers a promising solution for RABs, the issues of dissolution and low ionic/electronic conductivities plague the development of organic cathodes. Herein, we synthetically connect electron donors with acceptors to create crosslinked, bipolar-conjugated polymer cathodes. These cathodes exhibit overlapped redox potential ranges for both donors and acceptors in highly concentrated AlCl3-based ionic liquid electrolytes. This approach strategically enables on-site doping of the polymer backbones during redox reactions involving both donor and acceptor units, thereby enhancing the electron/ion transfer kinetics within the resultant polymer cathodes. Based on the optimal donor/acceptor combination, the bipolar polymer cathodes can deliver a high specific capacity of 205 mAh g− 1 by leveraging the co-storage of AlCl4− and AlCl2+. The electrodes exhibit excellent rate performance, stable cycle life of 60,000 cycles, and function efficiently at high mass loadings, i.e., 100 mg cm− 2, and at low temperatures, i.e., − 30 oC. Our findings exemplify the exploration of high-performing conjugated polymer cathodes for RABs through rational structural design.
Development and Use of Semi-empirical Spectral Ground Motion Models for GPP-Induced Micro-earthquakes in Southern Germany
Authors: Taddei Francesca , Keil Sabrina , Khansefid Ali , Kumawat Aditi , Schneider Felix , Wassermann Johachim , Müller Gerhard
Published: April 2024

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of ground motions associated with micro-earthquakes induced by geothermal power plants (GPP) in Southern Germany and proposes corresponding ground motion prediction equations (GMPE). Initiating with a statistical analysis of recorded seismic data from the GPP in Insheim, the study is extended to the Greater Munich Area. For the latter, the scarce recorded data are merged with physics-based simulation data. The recorded data in Insheim, Poing, Unterhaching and the simulated data in Munich are compared to existing GMPEs for GPP-induced events, highlighting the need of new region-specific prediction equations. The proposed GMPEs are expressed in terms of peak quantities, spectral accelerations and velocities, separating the horizontal and vertical direction. The regression curves exhibit a good alignment with both recorded and simulated data, within an acceptable range. Notably, the results reveal higher spectral quantities at shorter periods (<0.1 s), underscoring the importance of this characteristic in seismic assessment. The article shows an exemplary application for a low-rise residential building, located at a hypocentral distance of 3 km. While the building meets serviceability standards for an MW up to 2.5, the verification fails at MW = 3, emphasizing the need for robust risk assessment. These findings contribute to the understanding of ground motions of GPP-induced events, offering practical implications for serviceability verifications and aiding informed decision-making in geothermal energy projects.
ECEQ: Efficient Multi-source Contact Event Query Processing for Moving Objects
Authors: Li Pengyue , Dai Hua , Zhou Qian , Chen Yu , Zhou Qiang , Li Bohan , Yang Geng
Published: April 2024

Using trajectory data to query and analyze contact events is an emerging method for disease prevention and control. Existing contact event query processings only focus on single-source contact events (one-to-one), overlooking the more realistic multi-source scenarios (n-to-one). In this paper, we focus on the multi-source contact event query problem. We first define multi-source contact events, followed by introducing a baseline query processing based on the idea of sliding window scanning. To improve the query efficiency, an anchor time point-based optimization strategy and a grid-time-object inverted index-based optimization strategy are designed and used in the optimized query processing, which can effectively filter out moving objects and time points that have no contact events. Experimental results using two real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed schemes can effectively identify potential contact events while maintaining lower query time costs compared to existing schemes.
Alginate based metal pillared bentonite beads for efficient adsorption of cationic dyes
Authors: Raghav Little , Patanjali Pooja , Singh Rajeev
Published: April 2024

Three pillared bentonite composites, namely Aluminium Pillared Clays-Beads (Al-PCB), Iron Pillared Clays-Beads (Fe-PCB) and Tin Pillared Clays-Beads (Sn-PCB) were prepared. The synthesized adsorbent beads were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmer Teller (BET) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacity of prepared adsorbents was examined for two dyes viz. Malachite Green (MG) and Chrysoidine-Y (CY) from their aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to assess the dye removal capacity of all three adsorbents. The effects of physicochemical parameters like solution pH, dose, and dye concentration were investigated. Thermodynamic studies of prepared beads were carried out at different temperature. The adsorption capacity of Al-PCB, Fe-PCB and Sn-PCB was found to be 130.734 mg g− 1, 95.827 mg g− 1 and 47.965 mg g− 1 for MG and 118.678 mg g− 1, 90.348 mg g− 1 and 36.706 mg g− 1 for CY respectively. On the other hand, fitting of PSO model was slightly better than PFO model. Regeneration studies revealed that the dye removal percentage ranged from 60–93%, up to five adsorption desorption cycles.
Preoperative clinical characteristics scoring system for the Differentiation of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma from Leiomyoma
Authors: Wang Yuanqiu , Huang Xiaowan , Su Ying
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Preoperative diagnosis of uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) is challenging because the disease can mimic benign leiomyoma (LM). The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of preoperative clinical characteristics and hematologic parameters in differentiating ULMS fromLM.
Methods: Preoperative clinical and laboratory variables were retrospectively reviewed forpatients with ULMS or LM, and the significance of the intergroup differences was assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal cutoffvalues for each variable. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify variables predicting the presence of ULMS.
Results: The preoperative clinical and laboratory variables of 288 patients with uterine tumorswere analyzed. 64 patients had ULMS,and 224 had LM. A significant difference was observed between ULMS and LM. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased systemic immune-inflammation index (SII > 500), the controlling nutritional status score (CONUT≥3), larger tumor size (> 9.7 cm), and older age (>48 years) were independent risk factors for ULMS (P=0.007, <0.001, 0.001, <0.001,respectively). Thepreoperative clinical characteristic score was calculated by summing the number of risk factors with a total score of 4 points. A score≥ 2 points was a useful predictor for distinguishing ULMS from LM (sensitivity 0.688, specificity 0.888).
Conclusion: Our results suggest that the SII, CONUT score, tumor size, age and preoperative Hb level could be useful for differentiating between ULMS and LM, which indicates that the preoperative clinical characteristics scoring system could be helpful in the preoperative diagnosis of indiscoverable ULMS.
Knowledge and attitude of patients on dialysis towards Holiday haemodialysis facilities and red kidney bus: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey study in an Indian setup.
Authors: Nayak Usha , Shettigar Bhavyatha , Attur Ravindra Prabhu , Kumar Prasanna
Published: April 2024

Background- Traveling or going on vacation might cause dialysis patients to miss their dialysis schedules, thus adversely affecting their health. Hence, facilities must help dialysis patients access information regarding dialysis centres in other places. This study would help in understanding the problems faced regarding travel and dialysis centre accessibility and determine the needs of dialysis patients to travel or to go on vacation/family functions/business meetings.
Methods- We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey in which all patients on dialysis who met our inclusion criteria were enrolled. The required data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire. Frequency was used for categorical variables and mean standard deviation/ Median and IQR were used to calculate continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to check patients' willingness to utilise Holiday haemodialysis facilities based on their age and duration since they are undergoing dialysis.
Results- Most patients (80.95%) had abstained entirely from travelling since the initiation of haemodialysis for multiple reasons. Among the remaining patients who go on vacation, the maximum duration and frequency was three days and 2-3 times a year. This was due to a lack of proper facilities to undergo dialysis at the travel destination. None of the patients in our centre knew about holiday haemodialysis facilities; when explained, many were willing to utilise them. Their willingness was dependent on their age group as well as the duration since they were undergoing dialysis.
Conclusion- Holiday haemodialysis facilities should be developed and promoted in India to provide affordable and safe travelling experiences to people undergoing haemodialysis.
Tria registration- "This study protocol was reviewed and approved by [Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital institutional Ethics Committee - 2], approval number [Ethical Approval Number-IEC2:30/2023, dated 27 April 2023 (Appendix 1)]."
Superior Hypogastric Plexus Pulsed Radiofrequency Combined With Posterior Tibialis Nerve Transcutaneous Radiofrequency As A Treatment Option Of Chronic Pelvic Pain Management In Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Öztürk Muhammet Uğur , Yıldırım Ayşegül Akyüz , Mollavelioğlu Tuğçe Yavuz , Sucu Mevlüt Gökhan , Çelebi Nalan
Published: April 2024

Purpose
To compare the effectiveness of superior hypogastric plexus pulsed radiofrequency (SHP-PRF) and adjunctive transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) in the treatment of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC).
Methods
Patients diagnosed with IC and performed SHP-PRF treatment were included in this retrospective study. Some of these patients had also undergone TPTNS. Group 1 consisted of patients receiving SHP-PRF and TPTNS treatment. Group 2 consisted of patients receiving SHP-PRF treatment. Patients were evaluated before the interventional procedure and in the 1st and 3rd months after the procedure. Numerical rating scale (NRS), neuropathic pain 4 questions (DN4), the O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI), and interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI) were used as evaluation parameters.
Results
A total of 34 patients were divided into two groups. In both groups, the results showed significant differences in the NRS, DN4, ICSI, and ICPI scores between the baseline and the 1st month, as well as between the baseline and the 3rd month. (p < 0.01). NRS, DN4, and ICPI scores at baseline, 1st, and 3rd months were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). The median of the ICSI score at baseline was significantly higher in group 1 (p < 0.01), but ICSI scores in 1st and 3rd months were not significantly different (p > 0.05)
Conclusion
SHP-PRF treatment is a minimally invasive and effective method that can be used to reduce the symptoms and severity of IC. However, the effectiveness of adding TPTNS to the treatment could not be demonstrated. Long-term follow-up, prospective and placebo-controlled studies are needed.
CTR number:
NCT06256679, registration date: 05.02.2024, retrospectively registered.
Risk factors for the development of and outcomes after diagnosis of autoimmune alopecia areata in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Pan Yushan , Lilly Evelyn , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N.
Published: April 2024

Introduction
The development of certain immune-mediated diseases (IMD) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC)) has been linked to treatment of IBD. Hair loss in some patients may be due to immune-mediated alopecia areata (AA). Risk factors and outcomes of AA in patients with IBD have not been previously explored.
Methods
This was a retrospective, multi-center case-control study. Cases were identified as individuals who developed IBD before AA diagnosis. Controls comprised of those who were never diagnosed with AA and treated contemporaneously. We extracted demographic and IBD treatment history. Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) was used to stratify AA severity. AA outcomes and interventions were compared within controls.
Results
We identified 58 cases and 90 controls. Cases had significantly higher rate of tumor necrosis factor α antagonist (anti-TNF) use compared to controls (40.7% vs. 20.0%, p= 0.006). Both groups had similar IBD disease location, behavior, and related surgery. Majority of cases had endoscopic remission or mild disease activity at AA diagnosis. There was no difference in partial or complete improvement of AA between those who stopped or continued IBD therapy (p=0.57). Those with severe AA were significantly less likely to have complete (0% vs 33.3%, p=0.01) or any improvement (50% vs 84.9%, p=0.02) of AA compared to those with non-severe AA.
Discussion
Individuals with IBD who later develop AA were more likely to have been on anti-TNF at time of AA onset. Severity of AA was a significant predictor of AA resolution. Fortunately many patients had improvement in their AA despite continuation of IBD therapy.
Optimizing climate model selection in regional studies using an adaptive weather type based framework: a case study for extreme heat in Belgium
Authors: Serras Fien , Vandelanotte Kobe , Borgers Ruben , Schaeybroeck Bert Van , Termonia Piet , Demuzere Matthias , Lipzig Nicole P.M. van
Published: April 2024

Selecting climate model projections is a common practice for regional and local studies. This process often relies on local rather than synoptic variables. Even when synoptic weather types are considered, these are not related to the variable or climate impact driver of interest. Therefore, most selection procedures may not sufficiently account for atmospheric dynamics and climate change impact uncertainties. This study outlines a selection methodology that addresses both these shortcomings. Our methodology first optimizes the Lamb Weather Type classification for the variable and region of interest. In the next step, the representation of the historical synoptic dynamics in Global Climate Models (GCMs) is evaluated and accordingly, underperforming models are excluded. In the last step, metrics are introduced that quantify the climate change signals related to the impact of interest. Using these metrics, a scoring method results in assessing the suitability of GCMs. To illustrate the applicability of the methodology, a case study of extreme heat in Belgium was carried out. The developed method offers a framework for selecting periods within climate model datasets while considering the changes in the large-scale circulation patterns and the changes in the climate signal, each step optimized for a specific climate impact driver. This framework provides a comprehensive method for selecting periods from large ensemble GCM simulations based on weather types, ensuring relevant climate projections for subsequent research which can be applied in model ensemble-based research for different climate variables and climate impact drivers.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality among Low-birth-weight Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Suhul General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gebrekidan Abrahaley Brhane
Published: April 2024

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the WHO as newborn weight less than 2500 grams. It accounts for 60–80% of all neonatal deaths, relatively higher in developing countries such as Ethiopia. Government, NGOs and private sectors have been working enormously, but the reduction of LBW neonatal mortality is still low. To provide appropriate care and reduce LBW neonatal mortality, identifying the survival time and predictors of mortality is necessary, particularly in Tigrai region.
Objective: to determine the survival status and predictors of mortality among LBW neonates admitted to Suhul General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia from January 2021 – September 2023.
Methods and materials: a retrospective cohort study was done for 329 LBW neonates admitted to Suhul General Hospital between January 2021 and September 2023. Variables were collected from medical registration books and patient charts using KoboCollect software. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 and Stata version 15 soft wares. Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the cumulative survival time, log rank test was used to compare the probability of hazard among groups/variables and bivariate and multivariate were used to identify predictors of mortality at (p-value<0.05). Finally, those variables with multivariate cox regression p value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: 71 (21.56%) of LBW neonates were died with incidence rate of 30.26 (95%CI: 23.98-38.19) per 1000 person-day The overall mortality at the end of 1st, 3rd and 7th day was 53.5%, 81.7% and 98.6%, respectively. Median survival time was 52 days. Not feeding at all (AHR: 6.58; 95% CI: 3.08-14.05), formula feeding (AHR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.01-10.03), and weight at discharge <1500 grams (AHR: 9.09; 95% CI: 1.87-44.10) were statistically significant predictors of LBW neonatal mortality at (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion and recommendations: This study showed that majority of the deaths were occurred during early hospitalization and the main predictors were weight at discharge <1500 grams, and not feeding (EBF) at all and formula feeding. Therefore, promotion and initiation of breastfeeding immediately (within one hour) after birth, intensive follow up to the admitted LBW neonates, particularly during the first 24 hours, availing necessary medical equipment such as CPAP, and improvement of the hospitals’ set-up to inaugurate breastfeeding corners are among the prioritized intervention measures to improve the survival status of LBW neonates.
Measuring spatial inequalities in maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan: evidence from geographically weighted regression
Authors: Muhammad Farzana Sher , Shahabudin Sharifah Muhairah , Binti Muzalwana
Published: April 2024

Background
In developing countries, the death probability of a child and mother is more significant than in developed countries; these inequalities in health outcomes are unfair. The present study encompasses a spatial analysis of maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan. The study aims to estimate the District Mortality Index (DMI), measure the inequality ratio and slope, and ascertain the spatial impact of various factors on DMI scores across Pakistani districts.
Method
This study utilized the micro-level household datasets from multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) to construct the DMI and used the inequality ratio and slope to measure the disparity in DMI scores. This study further utilized the spatial autocorrelation tests to determine the magnitude and location of the spatial dependence of the clusters with high- and low-mortality rates. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model was also applied to examine the spatial impact of socioeconomic, environmental, health, and housing attributes on DMI.
Results
The inequality ratio for DMI showed that the upper decile districts are 16 times more prone to mortalities than districts in the lower decile, and the districts of Baluchistan depicted extreme spatial heterogeneity in terms of DMI. The findings of the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and Moran's test confirmed spatial homogeneity in all mortalities among the districts in Pakistan. The H-H clusters of maternal mortality and DMI were located in Baluchistan, and the H-H clusters of child mortality were seen in Punjab. The results of GWR showed that the wealth index quintile has a significant spatial impact on DMI; however, improved sanitation, handwashing practices, and antenatal care adversely influenced DMI scores.
Conclusion
The findings reveal a significant disparity in DMI and spatial relationships among all mortalities in the districts of Pakistan. Additionally, socioeconomic, environmental, health, and housing variables have an impact on DMI. Notably, spatial proximity among individuals who are at risk of death occurs in areas with elevated mortality rates. Policymakers may mitigate these mortalities by focusing on vulnerable zones and implementing measures such as raising public awareness, enhancing healthcare services, and improving access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Focused particle streams for electron emission studies from intense laser plasma interactions
Authors: Sugumar Ravishankar , Venugopal Haritha , Sen Sanket , Rajput Gaurav , M Krishnamurthy , Gopal Ram , Sharma Vandana
Published: April 2024

We introduce a new utilization of an Aerodynamic Lens Stack (ALS) for concentrating aerosols in the production of high energy (>200 keV) electrons through their interaction with intense(> 1016 W/cm2), ultra-short (30 fs) laser pulses. The lens was designed and simulated in COMSOL with various parameters such as inlet dimensions and backing pressures. Subsequently, the particle jet was analyzed using particle streak velocimetry (PSV). Following the characterization process, the jet was exposed to the laser, and the emission of electrons was investigated and described. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the lens in producing and focussing aerosols originating from liquid sources, underscoring its potential as a precise microtarget for laser interactions.