bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Formal Analysis of HL7 Version 2.x
Authors: Oemig Frank  , Blobel Bernd
Published: February 2025

Working interoperability not only requires harmonized system's architectures, but also the same interpretation of technical specifications in order to guide the development processes. But sometimes a specification has not made the underlying model explicit which would enable a coherent understanding. This paper analyses the structures of the HL7 Version 2.x communication standard's family and presents an UML class diagram for it.
A Methodology and Supply Chain Management Inspired Reference Ontology for Modeling Healthcare Teams
Authors: Kuziemsky Craig E.  , Yazdi Sara
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies and strategic plans are advocating more team based healthcare delivery that is facilitated by information and communication technologies (ICTs). However before we can design ICTs to support teams we need a solid conceptual model of team processes and a methodology for using such a model in healthcare settings. This paper draws upon success in the supply chain management domain to develop a reference ontology of healthcare teams and a methodology for modeling teams to instantiate the ontology in specific settings. This research can help us understand how teams function and how we can design ICTs to support teams.
Web-Based Collaboration for Terminology Application: ICNP C-Space
Authors: Bartz Claudia C.  , Hoy Derek
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to describe the ongoing evolution of a nursing terminology that involves users in all aspects of the terminology lifecycle. A terminology will not succeed until and unless it benefits users and contributes to improved client outcomes at the point of care. Since the release of ICNP®Version 1 in 2005, users have been necessary partners in research and development, dissemination and education, and, to some extent, in terminology maintenance and operations. ICNP C-Space was launched in 2008 as a platform for collaboration among users and the ICNP team. C-Space applications include, but are not limited to, the ICNP browser, a multi-lingual browser, catalogue development pages, and group discussion pages. Future uses may include work related to ICN research and networks. C-Space adds value to ICNP, ICN, and nursing worldwide by ensuring that terminology users can contribute their expertise to finding workable solutions and developing important products related to ICNP.
SNOMED CT's RF2: Is the Future Bright?
Authors: Ceusters Werner
Published: February 2025

SNOMED CT's new RF2 format is said to come with features for better configuration management of the SNOMED vocabulary, thereby accommodating evolving requirements without the need for further fundamental change in the foreseeable future. Although the available documentation is not yet convincing enough to support this claim, the newly introduced Model Component hierarchy and associated reference set mechanism seem to hold real promise of being able to deal successfully with a number of ontological issues that have been discussed in the recent literature. Backed up by a study of the old and new format and of the relevant literature and documentation, three recommendations are presented that would free SNOMED CT from use-mention confusions, unclear referencing of real-world entities and uninformative reasons for change in a way that does not force SNOMED CT to take a specific philosophical or ontological position.
Comparing Existing National and International Classification Systems of Surgical Procedures with the CEN/ISO 1828 Ontology Framework Standard
Authors: Rodrigues Jean M.  , Casey Ann  , Bousquet Cédric  , Kumar Anand  , Lewalle Pierre  , Trombert Paviot Béatrice
Published: February 2025

Among different standardization strategies for biomedical terminologies the European Standard Body CEN TC 251 followed by ISO TC 215 have stated that it was not possible to convince the different European or international member states using different national languages to agree on a reference clinical terminology or to standardize a detailed language independent biomedical ontology. Since 1990 they have developed since an approach named the Categorial Structure that standardises only the terminologies' model structure. The methodology for the Categorial Structure development and a comparison of the different existing classification systems based on this ontology framework is presented as a step towards increased interoperability between biomedical terminologies through conformity to a minimum set of ontological requirements.
Model Driven Development of Clinical Information Sytems using openEHR
Authors: Atalag Koray  , Yang Hong Yul  , Tempero Ewan  , Warren Jim
Published: February 2025

openEHR and the recent international standard (ISO 13606) defined a model driven software development methodology for health information systems. However there is little evidence in the literature describing implementation; especially for desktop clinical applications. This paper presents an implementation pathway using .Net/C# technology for Microsoft Windows desktop platforms. An endoscopy reporting application driven by openEHR Archetypes and Templates has been developed. A set of novel GUI directives has been defined and presented which guides the automatic graphical user interface generator to render widgets properly. We also reveal the development steps and important design decisions; from modelling to the final software product. This might provide guidance for other developers and form evidence required for the adoption of these standards for vendors and national programs alike.
De-identifying an EHR Database - Anonymity, Correctness and Readability of the Medical Record
Authors: Pantazos Kostas  , Lauesen Soren  , Lippert Soren
Published: February 2025

Electronic health records (EHR) contain a large amount of structured data and free text. Exploring and sharing clinical data can improve healthcare and facilitate the development of medical software. However, revealing confidential information is against ethical principles and laws. We de-identified a Danish EHR database with 437,164 patients. The goal was to generate a version with real medical records, but related to artificial persons. We developed a de-identification algorithm that uses lists of named entities, simple language analysis, and special rules. Our algorithm consists of 3 steps: collect lists of identifiers from the database and external resources, define a replacement for each identifier, and replace identifiers in structured data and free text. Some patient records could not be safely de-identified, so the de-identified database has 323,122 patient records with an acceptable degree of anonymity, readability and correctness (F-measure of 95%). The algorithm has to be adjusted for each culture, language and database.
Research Management: the case of RN4CAST
Authors: Zikos Dimitrios  , Mantas John
Published: February 2025

Successful research management requires multifunctional, equal teamwork and efficient coordination, aiming to increase the impact of the research outcomes. Aim of this paper is to present the strategies that have been followed to successfully manage the RN4CAST study, one of the largest multi country research projects ever conducted. The paper focuses on the core research strategies rather than on the administrative management activities also required for the success of this case report. Management of a multi-country nursing survey requires the use of common data collection tools, applicable to every context, research protocols supporting the scope of the research, data models for multi-country analyses and global dissemination strategies.
Comparison of constitutive laws for soil materials on earth dams
Authors: Nikolovski D.
Published: February 2025

The Kozjak dam is one of the highest earth dams in the Republic of Macedonia and the region, and consequently is of great importance. Although it was built several years ago, it still arouses interest in scientific and professional circles. The object of this research is to perform stress and strain analysis for the earth-rock dam Kozjak, applying different constitutive laws for materials in dam body. The problem will be analyzed numerically, by finite elements method for the following conditions: immediately after construction condition and full reservoir condition. The objective of this research is to notice the difference in the results gained through the different methods – linear and nonlinear constitutive law, as well as, sensitivity of the model to the variation of input geotechnical parameters. In this research will also be compared the results gained through analysis, with the results of the monitoring of Kozjak dam.
Unusual building settlement damage due to horizontal soil movements
Authors: Hov S.
Published: February 2025

Soft clays have a tendency to show great deformations over time when loaded due to consolidation of excess pore water pressure and creep. Normally, this results in vertical settlements, which are often taken care of in geotechnical design work by placing the load on piled foundations. It is also well known that loading from for example embankments can cause horizontal deformations. This however, is not always taken into account in geotechnical design work. This paper discusses a case study of unusual soil deformation causing damage to a large industrial complex in Sweden, founded on precast concrete piles in a soft quick clay formation. A vertical crack, roughly 5 cm in width, had formed most likely due to horizontal soil deformations. It was thought that this could increase the bending moments in the piles putting the foundation safety at risk. A ground investigation was performed using triaxial and oedometer laboratory tests and subsequent modelling using the finite element method. The horizontal soil movements could successfully be modelled and the risk of pile buckling was assessed. An unexpected effect of potential underpinning works, to cease the crack development, was found to have a possible reverse effect on the foundation safety.
Physical modelling of large diameter piles in coarse-grained soil
Authors: Brødbæk K.T.  , Augustesen A.H.  , Møller M.  , Hyldal Sørensen S.P.
Published: February 2025

Monopiles are an often-used foundation concept for offshore wind turbine converters. These piles are highly subjected to lateral loads and overturning bending moments due to wind and wave forces. To ensure enough stiffness of the foundation and an acceptable pile-head deflection, monopiles with diameters of 4 to 6 m are typically employed. In current practice these piles are traditionally designed by means of the p-y curve method although the method is developed and verified for slender piles in sand with diameters up to approximately 2 m. One of the limitations of the p-y curves used in current design (e.g. [1] and [2]) is the effects of diameter on the initial part of the p-y curves. This part is especially important in connection with the serviceability limit state and fatigue. The effects of diameter on the p-y curves can be investigated by means of either numerical analyses or physical modelling (large- or small-scale). This paper investigates the effects of diameter on the initial part of the p-y curves by small-scale testing. A new and innovative test setup is presented. In order to minimize scale effects the tests are successfully carried out in a pressure tank enabling the possibility of increasing the effective stresses. The test setup is thoroughly described in the paper. Two non-slender aluminium pipe piles subjected to lateral loads have been tested in the laboratory. The piles are heavily instrumented with strain gauges in order to obtain p-y curves, displacement and bending moment distributions along the pile.
eHealth Informatics Workforce challenges for Europe
Authors: Roberts Jean
Published: February 2025

There is an increasing demand for informatics human resources from major ehealth developments aimed at supporting more effective healthcare in many countries. Focus to date has been on the standards required to describe ehealth applications and solutions; with sporadic attention to the workforce necessary to deliver them. There are challenges to ensuring that the ehealth informatics staff involved in production and operation of such ehealth systems are ‘fit to practice’ professionals and their competences can be clearly defined. There are currently different levels of understanding, quantification and definition of the existing and projected workforce requirements across Europe and in the USA. This paper highlights some of the issues to be considered across Europe in moving towards a situation where the limitations to appropriately skilled staff being deployed wherever necessary are reduced and free mobility of the workforce can be enabled.
Policy needs and options for a common approach towards modelling and simulation of human physiology and diseases with a focus on the Virtual Physiological Human
Authors: Viceconti Marco  , McCulloch Andrew D.
Published: February 2025

Life is the result of an intricate systemic interaction between many processes occurring at radically different spatial and temporal scales. Every day, worldwide biomedical research and clinical practice produce a huge amount of information on such processes. However, this information being highly fragmented, its integration is largely left to the human actors who find this task increasingly and ever more demanding in a context where the information available continues to increase exponentially. Investments in the Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) research are largely motivated by the need for integration in healthcare. As all health information becomes digital, the complexity of health care will continue to evolve, translating into an ever increasing pressure which will result from a growing demand in parallel to limited budgets. Hence, the best way to achieve the dream of personalised, preventive, and participative medicine at sustainable costs will be through the integration of all available data, information and knowledge.
Measurement of Ground Deformation using Shape-Accel-Array and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Huang He  , Yamamoto Haruyuki  , Meng Ling-Yu
Published: February 2025

Japan is one of the most seismically active countries in the world. These earthquakes mostly result in permanent ground deformation as a consequence of faulting and differential settlement. This study is a measuring system of ground deformations using a SAA (Shape-Accel-Array) in experiment. SAA is a sensor which can be embedded within a ground to monitor displacements. In SAA, accelerometers are used to sense components of gravity vector in each segment, the tilt angles between each segment can be measured. Using the measured tilt angles and known segment lengths, the deformed shape of a SAA can be determined. And ground deformations of the position where SAA was embedded were known. A lifeline protective model test using SAA is introduced in this paper. When there are some structures like lifelines in the ground, these facilities may be damaged by earthquake or differential settlement. To protect these facilities, shallow improvement layer was set under these facilities. From investigating the ground deformations before and after the improvement layer was set, the effect of protective system could be checked. In addition, numerical analysis was used to investigate the results.
Measurement of Shear Wave Velocity by Piezoelectric Film
Authors: Piriyakul K.  , Thumputi N.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the measurement of the shear wave velocity at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. The research purposes a new technique to measure the shear wave velocity by using the piezoelectric film. This piezoelectric film is a very thin, light and high sensitive sensor and is used as a receiving sensor. The details of this new technique and its interpretations on Bangkok clay material are explained. The research found that this new technique is a reasonable technique, giving the shear wave velocity result in good agreement with the shear wave velocity data of the field test.
Control, acquisition and analysis of resonant-column testing using an automated program
Authors: Camacho-Tauta J.  , Santos J.A.  , Viana da Fonseca A.
Published: February 2025

A Resonant-Column apparatus was modified by replacing the internal generator by an arbitrary function generator. A PC oscilloscope was used to acquire both the input current in coils and the vibration response of the system. Software developed in LabVIEW® controls the equipment, acquires data and then processes the information, computing the shear modulus and damping ratio of soil. This calculation is performed utilizing a curve fitting method involving a complex-value function carried out by a Matlab® script included in the software. Four types of tests can be performed in the program: the conventional test, sine sweep test, random noise test and non-resonance test. Results reveal the advantages of the new automated system; all tests in small-strain regime can be applied consecutively on the same specimen, being possible to obtain additional information of the dynamic properties.
Experimental study on monotonic and cyclic behaviour of crushable limestone with consideration of grain breakage
Authors: Hu W.  , Dano C.  , Hicher P.Y.
Published: February 2025

A series of drained triaxial monotonic and cyclic tests was carried out to study the influence of particle breakage on the behaviour of a crushable limestone. Special attention was paid to the analysis of grain breakage during the loading and unloading process and the movement of the critical state line caused by grain breakage in the e-log (p') diagram. Monotonic test results show typical features of the behaviour of crushable granular materials compared to non crushable materials. For cyclic tests, it was found that certain particles were crushed during the cyclic loading and quantities of grain breakage increased slowly with the augmentation of loops.
Effects of cyclic pre-shearing on the stress-strain behaviour of cemented-mixed gravel
Authors: Taheri Abbas  , Sasaki Y.  , Tatsuoka F.
Published: February 2025

This paper reports effects of cyclic loading on the pre-peak stress-strain behavior and peak strength of cement-mixed well-graded gravel (CMG) compacted at the optimum water content. The stress-strain behaviour after the start of large-scale yielding and the peak shear strength are not noticeably affected by previous cyclic loading with a relatively large stress amplitude. The pre-yielding stress-strain behavior during reloading is significantly affected by the following factors controlled by pre-cyclic loading history; a) strain-hardening; b) strain-non-linearity; c) hysteresis effect; d) viscous effect; and e) damage to bonding by immediately preceding large unloading. The tangent stiffness at a given stress level during reloading exhibits a very complicated trend becoming larger with an increase in the effects of factor a) and smaller by the effects of factors b), c), d) and e).
On strain accumulation in a silica sand under creep and low level cyclic loading
Authors: Rimoy Siya Paul  , Jardine Richard James
Published: February 2025

High precision triaxial tests are described on loose silica Thames Valley Sand (TVS) that explore interactions between K0compression, creep under a constant anisotropic stress regime and low-level, drained, deviatoric load cycling. The experiments reveal approximately semi-logarithmic creep time trends after K0loading that show well defined ‘time origins’ and gradients that steepen with stress level. However, marked rotations of the creep strain increment directions are noted with time with dϵvol/dϵsfalling from 3/2 to negative (dilative) values. Such changes can be restrained by increasing the consolidation stresses. The strain increment vector re-orientation is understood in terms of a framework of nested kinematic yield surfaces that can be extended and hardened by creep and low level cyclic loading. Log-linear strain-time (or cyclic number) trends are seen under cyclic loading, whose gradients steepen with cyclic amplitude qcyclic. Creep stages imposed before cyclic loading reduce markedly the subsequent cyclic strain accumulation rates. When cyclic straining processes are isolated from background creep rates, they tend (under the levels imposed) to stabilize after several thousand cycles. The phenomena observed have significant implications for settlement prediction with foundations that experience significant environmental loading as well as those that undergo regular loading service cycles. The evolution with time of permanent strain development patterns may also prove helpful in understanding otherwise unexpected trends, such as the ageing trends of piles driven in sand.
Creep behaviour in isotropic and k0 compression of the Venice Lagoon sand
Authors: Lagioia R.  , Colleselli F.  , Chiamone T.
Published: February 2025

The creep behaviour of the Venice Lagoon sand is here investigated. Triaxial tests were conducted in the Bishop & Wesley stress path cell and in a ‘high’ confining pressure apparatus on specimens trimmed from bore hole samples frozen on site. The general framework of behaviour was first built by means of triaxial tests with high confinement. It is shown that the sand undergoes three phases during isotropic compression which can be easily identified if the tangential bulk modulus is plotted against the mean effective pressure in a double logarithmic scale. This indicates that the stiffness evolution follows a power law, but different sets of parameters apply for the three phases. The two transition points also coincide with the boundaries of the higher curvature part of the isotropic compression curve when void ratio is plotted against the logarithm of the effective isotropic pressure.
Effect of strain rate on isotropically consolidated kaolin over a wide range of strain rates in the triaxial apparatus
Authors: Quinn T.A.C.  , Brown M.J.
Published: February 2025

Soils display strain rate dependant behaviour which may pose a problem in geotechnical engineering applications. In this study a modified electromechanical triaxial apparatus was used to shear normally consolidated reconstituted Speswhite kaolin samples over a range of strain rates from 1%/hr to 180,000%/hr. The purpose of the investigation was to explore the variation of rate dependant soil response to increased in both drained and undrained conditions. Results show that the shear strength of the soil to be rate dependant at all of the strain rates investigated. In the case of a drained response overall strength decreased with increasing strain rate, with the rate effects displaying strain level dependency. Where the response was undrained the soil achieved a greater strength with increasing strain rate which increased at a greater rate than the generally assumed 10% increase in strength per log cycle increase in strain rate.
Seismic behavior of vertical shaft in a multi-layered soil
Authors: Kim Yong-Min  , Jeong Sang-Seom
Published: February 2025

Dynamic responses of a vertical shaft subjected to seismic loads in a layered soil were investigated by using a three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) approach. The emphasis was on quantifying the load distribution and deformation of the vertical shaft under earthquake loadings. The commercially available FE code ABAQUS was used to perform a series of dynamic parametric analyses. A comparison between the dynamic and the pseudo-static (Response Displacement Method, RDM) method has also carried out for the specific structure geometry, including three cases of ground condition and three earthquake waves. It was found that the dynamic behavior of the vertical shaft was significantly influenced by the soil stratigraphy and input motion. Based on the dynamic analysis results, the maximum values of shear force and bending moment occurred near the interface between the soil layers. And also pseudo-static approach results are in a good agreement with dynamic analysis results. The deformation of vertical shaft was highly influenced by the amplitude of earthquake for the case of the vertical shaft constructed in a multi-layered soil.
Numerical analysis of strip footing resting on geosynthetic-reinforced sand bed over soft soil
Authors: Ebrahimian Babak
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the potential benefit of a reinforced sand overlying soft soil is studied. Such reinforced sand beds are often placed on soft soil strata for an efficient and economical transfer of superstructure load. A series of finite difference analyses are performed using two-dimensional plane strain model to investigate the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced sand. The sandy soil, soft soil and geosynthetic reinforcements are represented by elastic materials. It is assumed that the deformations at the interface of the reinforcements and soil are the same. In numerical analysis, particular emphasis is paid for the effects of number of reinforcement layers, reinforcement stiffness and load intensity of footing on the ground surface settlements and mobilized tension in reinforcements. The results obtained from the present investigation have been compared with the results of finite element and finite difference analysis and also lumped parameter modeling. A reasonable close agreement is shown between the results. The results of current study indicate that reinforcing significantly improves the footing performance and also the efficiency of reinforced soil increase with increasing number of geosynthetic layers. Meaningful reduction in the ground surface settlement is observed when the number of reinforcement layer increases. The mobilized tension in the reinforcement layers increases when the stiffness of the geosynthetic layers increases. The differential settlement is also reduced due to application of multi geosynthetic layers as compared to the single layer reinforcement system.
Telecardiology in Italy: current realizations and future prospects
Authors: De Lazzari Claudio  , Pisanelli Domenico M.  , D'Ambrosi Alessandra  , Genuini Igino  , Fedele Francesco
Published: February 2025

Italy has a long tradition of telemedicine experiments that may be dated back to the early Seventies and currently many different telemedicine services are implemented in the country. Cardiology is the field of health care that currently gets the greatest benefits from telemedicine and it is also a very relevant field, since it is estimated that there are about three million people affected by chronic heart failure (5% of the population).
Interactions in Software Development
Authors: Gruhn Volker  , Schäfer Clemens
Published: February 2025

Despite numerous software engineering problems, the software development community as a whole still suffers from delayed and canceled software projects. The basic idea of this paper is that this is – besides other potential reasons – also due to little focus on how people participating in software processes interact. These interactions seem crucial to the success of software processes and in fact they are very often only poorly supported.
An ontology-based record linkage method for textual microdata
Authors: Martínez Sergio  , Valls Aida  , Sánchez David
Published: February 2025

Disclosure control is a critical aspect when publishing information from databases (i.e. microdata), because they store private information about individuals. The goal of a privacy-preserving method is to avoid the re-identification of individuals from the published data. Several disclosure control methods to mask published data have been developed. To evaluate the quality of the anonymization process, disclosure risk methods measure the capacity of an intruder to link the records in the original dataset with those of in the masked one. Record linkage methods proposed in the literature are focused only on numerical and ordinal data. In this paper we present a new record linkage method for textual data that exploits the semantics of the values using ontologies. It relies on the theory of semantic similarity to propose linkages between the original and the masked records. The paper compares the results obtained with our method with the ones given by a traditional non-semantic approach. Evaluation shows that the semantic-based record linkage is able to better evaluate the disclosure risk of masking methods dealing with textual microdata.
The European Challenge in Health Information Systems
Authors: France F.H. Roger
Published: February 2025

The challenge for Europe in the field of information and communication technologies applied to health care is that of “integration, modularity and security” of health information systems in order to obtain greater efficiency of health care, to assure quality of care and to promote industrial competitiveness.
AEMI: Advanced Environment for Medical Image Interpretation
Authors: Taylor C J  , Adelh D  , Armadillo R  , Coburn K  , Delfino R  , Dellepiane S  , Garbay C  , Graham J  , Hösel V  , Ovale A  , Persad R  , Pycock D  , Seigneurin D  , Sivewright G  , Taylor P M  , Vernazza G  , Zobel B
Published: February 2025

Images represent one of the most important sources of medical information. There are, in principle, great benefits to be obtained by using intelligent computer systems to provide support for clinicians involved in making image-based decisions. AEMI has developed a coherent approach to computer-assisted image interpretation, identifying the clinical requirements, developing a formalism for human-computer interaction and proposing a knowledge-based system architecture.
PACS-IMACS: Operation Evaluation and Basic Requirements for Prospective Evolution of PACS Technology
Authors: Passariello R.  , Politi C.  , Caramella D.  , Giribona P.  , Balériaux D.  , Hernando P.  , Carreno J.  , Micheli L.  , De Certaines J.  , Florin C.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the PACS-IMACS project was to evaluate the results of the introduction of PACS, Picture Archiving and Communication System, in the hospital environment and to guide its evolution towards an IMACS, Image Management and Communication System, concept. Nowadays, PACS technology is available on the market and our first objective was to evaluate and assess the available installations at the relevant pilot sites.
Medical Informatics Standardisation Activities in the European Workshop for Open Systems
Authors: Stokes Adrian V
Published: February 2025

Over the last two years, there has been considerable activity in the field of standardisation in medical informatics. The major catalyst in initiating this work was the issue of a mandate by the European Commission and it has led to a major work programme being undertaken by CEN and EWOS. This paper describes the part of that work which is the concern of EWOS.
CAMARC: Computer Aided Movement Analysis in a Rehabilitation Context
Authors: Leo Tommaso
Published: February 2025

CAMARC is an interdisciplinary project aimed at the assessment of Computer Aided Movement Analysis Systems in the Context of the Clinical Rehabilitation of motor disabilities. The total project had originally a time perspective of five years; during the of the AIM Exploratory Action of 18 months, the feasibility aspects undertaken. This part of the project comprised about 10 man years. Accordind to the plans, the results were specifications, technical and normative reports, hardware laboratory prototypes, software packages and some protoype demonstrators, all presented in 12 deliverables. In this paper the rationale of the project and the main achievements will be described. The possible exploitation of the results is mainly scientific. These aspects and the topics related to standardization are also discussed. The results the perspective of building-up a European Network of Clinical and Research laboratories able to share results, software packages and knowledge on the basis of concerted clinical protocols.
OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHY: ADVANTAGE OF PARAMETRIC MODELING IN DENTISTRY
Authors: Moog J.J.  , Gasmi F.  , Poublan H.
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to determine whether parametric modeling techniques applied to surface electromyographic signals from the masticatory muscles can be used by the dentist during the follow up of patients wearing anterior bite plates and after occlusal adjustment.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN KINESIOLOGICAL RESEARCH: HOW CAN WE MAKE USE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY TO FURTHER OUR DISCIPLINE
Authors: McKinley P.A.
Published: February 2025

Use of a multifactorial approach in the assessment of kinesiological problems is discussed and examples are given, drawing from work of the author and others in related fields.
COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR SKIN SYMPATHETIC REFLEXES MEASUREMENT
Authors: Pruna S.  , Savu M.  , Oprescu E.  , Dumitrescu Andreea
Published: February 2025

Skin sympathetic reflexes need to be recorded from more than one site over the hand and foot if the quantitative measure is to be of significance. For this purpose the instrument must to be sensitive enough to detect variations of a fractional of a percent of skin impedance. Method: To support sympathetic investigation we have developed a system which combine the functionality of a battery of tests with the flexibility of a computer analysis environment based on a dual-channel self-balancing impedance reactometer. Measurement of skin sympathetic reflexes in 33 healthy subjects, aged under 50 yrs. was performed by noninvasive monitoring transient change in the skin impedance both in phase (resistive) and in quadrature (capacitive) on rest and after a stimulus. The procedure requires a placement of a pair of surface electrodes on the skin and application upon the subject an endogenous/ exogenous stimulus. 12 bit data resolution specially designed data acquisition card is used which converts the signals into digital form and transfers this to the computer IBM PC XT/AT data bus directly. The software developed for the system written in Pascal, displays the data on standard PC colour monitor in real time 1, 2 or 4 traces at a time. Results: An autonomic response is an extremely complex state of the subject and can be characterized by many parameters which may have both temporal and spatial dependencies. The sympathetic response signal to be recorded is superimposed on a background signal which may be orders of magnitude larger but constant during the recording time. The insertion of the self-balancing circuit into the detection electronics, the background signal is compensated, the sympathetic signal is not affected and could be detected with the highest sensitivity. Transient skin sympathetic response was 2.18 +/- 0.31 %/s at hand, 1.41 +/- 0.42 %/s at foot and 0.27 +/- 0.14 %/s in other site of the body. The potential of the system is currently investigated for on line diabetic foot analysis.
Standardisation in Health Care Informatics and Telematics in Europe : CEN TC 251 Activities
Authors: De Moor Georges J.E.
Published: February 2025

This article describes the actual user requirements of the Health Care sector in connection with Telematics. The importance of standardisation is stressed. The paper further gives an overview of the Current standing of the activities of CEN TC 251 (European Standardisation Committee, Technical Committee on Health Care Informatics).
ASTM E31.15 on Health Knowledge Representation: the Arden Syntax
Authors: Hripcsak George  , Wigertz Ove B.  , Kahn Michael G.  , Clayton Paul D.  , Pryor T. Allan
Published: February 2025

ASTM subcommittee E31.15 on Health Knowledge Representation was formed to promote standards for defining and sharing health knowledge bases. Its first standard, the Arden Syntax, is focused on knowledge bases that can be represented as a set of independent modules called Medical Logic Modules (MLMs). The standard is in clinical use and has generated significant interest in industry and academics. The Extensions task group plans to extend the syntax where appropriate, to expand to other types of knowledge bases. The Validation/Verification task group is approaching the enormous problem of evaluating knowledge bases and the process of sharing them.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT (CEME)
Authors: de Ranitz F.J.
Published: February 2025

A Database on medical devices, to be used in the member countries has been developed. The structure developed enables the users to introduce and present data on makes, models, most important properties, local standards, local regulations, a short description, hazards, alerts, literature, etc. Procedures are developed to gather the data in a concerted action with experts from other member countries.
Copyright problems for rehabilitation: new technological solutions
Authors: Cornish Graham P
Published: February 2025

A crucial element in any programme of rehabilitation is access to published material in a form appropriate to the needs of the user. Transcription of print into audio, braille or computer formats cannot be done without the permission of the copyright owner. Seeking permission is administratively expensive and can lead to refusals or just silence, leading to frustration.
Networking, Consensus and Awareness
Authors: Fagerberg Gunnar
Published: February 2025

Rehabilitation technology is a growing, yet fragmented field. Clinicians, researchers, industry are separated by national boundaries and sectorial thresholds. Closer contacts and cooperation would benefit everyone. Limited national resources could be joined to attain synergistic effects. Larger markets would result in better, less expensive products. Experiences and knowledge could be shared for mutual benefits. Persons with disabilities would know what services to expect when travelling between countries. Some of the means to achieve this are different meetings, publications and a rehabilitation technology member society.
An evolutive alert system for diagnosis of nosocomial infections based on archiving distributed databases
Authors: Safran E.  , Borst F.  , Thurler G.  , Pittet D.  , Lovis Ch.  , Rohner P.  , Auckenthaler R.  , Scherrer J.-R.
Published: February 2025

The GAMES European Community project deals with the general architecture of medical expert systems. Within the framework of this project, a methodology has been proposed, based on an epistemological model of reasoning of the hypothetico-deductive type. We applied this methodological approach to the design and the building of a system for diagnosing and predicting hospital-acquired infections, in the environment of DIOGENE, the Hospital Information System (HIS) of Geneva University.
Oxygen Status Model for the Ventilatory and Circulatory Contribution to Tissue Oxygenation
Authors: Andreassen S.  , Egeberg J.  , Schröter M.P.  , Andersen P.T.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents an oxygen status model (OSM) for simulation of major respiratory and circulatory malfunctions and the effect of ventilatory or hemodynamic medical intervention. The OSM includes a model of a ventilator and the human respiratory and circulatory systems, implemented as a causal probabilistic network (CPN). The CPN representation makes OSM able to consider uncertainties during simulation. OSM was tested as a simulation tool on two fictive cardiovascular or ventilatory disease states. The results demonstrate the potential of the OSM with respect to simulation of disease states and their treatments.
ICONS: Cognitive basic functions in a case-based consultation system for intensive care
Authors: Gierl L.  , Schmidt R.  , Pollwein B.
Published: February 2025

As we have already shown in earlier projects the abstract descriptions of diseases which have been semi-automatically generated from a data base of patients of our Medical Facility produce a better diagnostic accuracy in a case-based consultation system than an equivalent knowledge base compiled from cases in the medical literature. We identified an ordered set of cognitive basic functions which forms a “tool kit” for a consultation process between physician and machine. For the first time, as we can see, there had been defined a mapping from medical basic functions onto the set of case-based and general methods which form the cognitive basis of a cognitive open consultation system. We will use such methods in a consultation system for intensive care.
A Model of Patient Related Data and a Structure of Medical Terms for Knowledge-Based Systems in Medicine
Authors: Stausberg J.  , Diedrich T.  , Wormek A.  , Hucklenbroich P.
Published: February 2025

Modelling medical knowledge is still a significant problem in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. The topic of our project is to develop a general reference model for medical knowledge and decision making. This development requires a thorough analysis of the structure of patient related data. To support modelling patient related data, we also developed a repository for all relevant medical terms. For both we defined a model, derived a frame–like representation and coded a prototype implementation.
Model based learning support to knowledge acquisition: A �clinical case study
Authors: Morik K.  , Potamias G.  , Moustakis V.  , Charissis G.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a methodology to support knowledge acquisition based on the integration of pre-established domain knowledge with knowledge induced [i.e., learnt) from past clinical cases. Integration is achieved via filtering of clinical cases using pre-established domain knowledge and the enhancement of pre-established knowledge using clinical cases. We demonstrate our methodology by way of a ‘real-world’ clinical domain involving therapy planning of maldescensus testis.
Grading of Gliomas in Stereotactic Biopsies with Neural Networks
Authors: v.Wangenheim A.  , Vince G.H.  , Kolles H.  , Richter M.M.  , Feiden W.
Published: February 2025

The stereotactically gained glioma biopsies are graded using four stereological-morphometrical parameters with the help of an image analysis system and a backpropagation neural network. These parameters enable quantifying the essential characteristics of malignant gliomas: growth pattern, cellularity, proliferation index, and nucleus polymorphism. Employing these parameters neural networks were trained with a varying number of samples from a total of 679 measured fields. Subsequently, the network was checked with all of these measurements, so that presently the system can offer its own glioma graduation.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Low Vision Computer Working
Authors: Gustafsson Jörgen  , Sandström Gunilla  , Carlsson Kerstin  , Strand Mona
Published: February 2025

AMI Vision (the Employability Assessment Institute with Special Resources for the Visually Impaired) is part of the Labour Market Administration. The latter has for many years made great efforts, partly with the aid of new technology, to make it easier for the disabled to enter and remain in the labour market.
Reading training - four cases
Authors: Ighe Siv
Published: February 2025

Aim of study: A reading training programme was examined through a study of four cases. The programme aimed at building a new fixation reflex.
Reading and Vertical Magnification with Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Spitzberg Larry A.  , Goodrich Gregory L.  , Perez-Franco Ana M.
Published: February 2025

We hypothesized that RP patients can read significantly better with vertical magnification than spherical magnification at medium powers. Clinical testing with RP patients and ARM patients confirmed this hypothesis. The RP patients unanimously read better and chose as preferable a new 3X cylindrical mirror magnifier and a 2X bar magnifier over a commercially produced 3X stand magnifier. The opposite was true with ARM patients.
© Virtual visual rehabilitation An integrated computer model of visual system for analysis and rehabilitation of low vision patients
Authors: LIMOLI P.G.  , D’ AMATO L.  , GIULOTTO A.  , FRANZETTI M.  , CARELLA A.
Published: February 2025

The authors present the potential of Virtual Visual Rehabilitation (©VVR) as an integrated method for electronic evaluation of impaired vision, from the analysis of residual vision to determination of the ideal enlarging system and setting of personalized rehabilitation exercises. Short-term possibilities for VVR are also indicated.
A Different Family
Authors: BONAMIE Eliane  , VAN BELLE Leen
Published: February 2025

After 20 years of practical experiences in early home guidance for visually impaired children, we would like to call attention to the family. After all, the child is inserted in the family system, and the child and parent-oriented working are continuously influencing each other.
Developing a “Pupil Monitoring System” for visually handicapped
Authors: GREVINK Frits  , VERVAART Els  , WITHAGEN Ans
Published: February 2025

In this article we describe the caracteristics of a Pupil Monitoring System, especially for the visually handicapped, which is being set up at our school. We present the areas and goals, the tests we have made and the means which are still in the stage of development.
Mobility Programs: Clients With Vision and Intellectual Impairments
Authors: Gallimore Desiree  , Fairbairn Kylie
Published: February 2025

Three case studies demonstrate clients with vision and intellectual impairments successfully learning, maintaining and generalising orientation and mobility skills (O & M). The demand for O & M services was generated in response to community integration schemes (via group homes, de-institutionalization schemes, employment opportunities etc.) and in recognition of equal opportunities for people with intellectual impairments. Some of these clients typically have difficulty understanding speech, have few verbal skills and poor concept development. Thus, conventional instructions are generally ineffective with these clients. Instead, techniques such as hand-over-hand shaping, adapted cane techniques, modelling, signing, physical blocking and positive reinforcement are utilised to promote effective O & M programs. Although alternative methods of instruction are utilised, this does not denote an inability to learn but simply denotes a different way of learning. Thus, if additional mobility aids could further enhance mobility, then this client group must access these.
Optimizing Illumination for Visually Impaired Persons; Comparing Subjective and Objective Criteria
Authors: CORNELISSEN Frans W.  , KOOIJMAN Aart C.  , van SCHOOT Edith A.J.  , BOOTSMA Annetje  , van der WILDT Ger-Jan
Published: February 2025

In two experiments we investigated visual functioning of visually impaired persons at different illumination levels. Often, substantial improvements in visual performance can occur at light levels where normal subjects show no or only very little improvement. Although there is reasonable agreement on the preference for a certain light level and the improvement in visual performance that can be obtained by adapted lighting, not all subjects adjust light levels to such an extent that they achieve maximal performance. Subjective measures, therefore, do not always suffice for optimizing illumination. We further found, that subjects appear to choose preferred levels in such a way that they optimize their vision of detail, that optimal light levels for near and distance vision should be determined separately, and that the light tolerance of visually impaired subjects is often reduced.
From Intermittently Connected “Smart” Devices to “Real” Telematics Supported Distributed KBS
Authors: del Pozo Francisco
Published: February 2025

A concept of telematics based chronic patient management system is presented, which comprises two main elements: a) the ambulatory systems, an intermittently connectable smart device for patient interfacing, data collection as well as some processing capabilities, and b) the therapy advising tools installed at the departmental, hospital or community sites. The concept proposed rests on a main principle: that chronic patient care based on self-care supported by portable equipments cannot be conceived but integrated with the rest of the available resources that the health care system offers to support current modes of patient treatment, whose efficiency we are trying to enhance.