bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frontier development and prospect trend of HCCI engine
Authors: Zhou Zijun
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, the level of science and technology is constantly improving. All fields are developing rapidly. In recent years, the development of the automotive engine industry has been particularly rapid. To cope with increasingly strict environmental requirements and the impact of electric motors on the market, a new engine model is gradually being valued. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) internal combustion engine is a new type of engine. It has the technical advantages of traditional diesel and gasoline engines. This combustion mode greatly improves the emission of pollutants and the engine’s overall efficiency. However, there are still certain challenges to this technology at present. But with the continuous improvement and optimization of related technologies. HCCI engines are bound to have broad development prospects. This article elaborates on the current status and development trends of HCCI engines from four perspectives: basic principles, combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, and the latest developments.
Review on 6G-oriented terahertz communication channel
Authors: Pang Yiwei
Published: December 2023

With the large-scale commercialization of 5G mobile communication systems in the world, 6G technology is becoming a new hotspot of global information technology research. The terahertz band (300GHz to 3THz) has extremely rich frequency resources, which can support ultra-high speed wireless communication from 100Gbps to 1Tbps, improve the existing 5G peak transmission rate by one or two orders of magnitude, and meet the requirements of new applications such as ultra-high resolution holographic communication and meta-universe. An in-depth understanding of the propagation channel is crucial to the design of the communication system. This paper summarizes the research status of the terahertz channel, including its characteristics in the atmosphere, the current channel propagation model, and terahertz channel measurement. At the same time, the future research direction of terahertz communication is analyzed and prospected, and the possible challenges in the future research are discussed, which will help promote the application of terahertz communication technology to 6G communication. Due to technical limitations, terahertz channels have not been fully developed and utilized in the field of communication, and there are many technical bottlenecks that cannot be broken. In the future, new channel models may be built, and there will be opportunities for AI-assisted channel measurement.
Optimization of bismuth-doped fiber amplifier gain spectrum based on genetic algorithm in 1200 nm-1600 nm
Authors: Guo Zuohao , Xu Chenyu , Yao Jialing
Published: December 2023

With the continuous evolution of communication technology, and the rapid rise of fiber optic communication in China However, the transmission distance of fiber optic communication is limited due to its fiber loss, so fiber optic amplifier has become one of the key research topics today. Currently on the market is a large-scale commercial bait-doped fiber amplifier, although it has the advantage of low noise and high gain, its effective amplification band is only concentrated in 1530 nm-1620 nm, however, there are many important transmission band amplification there are still research gaps. As a result, the focus of this paper’s research is on optimizing the gain spectrum of a bismuth-doped fiber amplifier at wavelengths between 1200 and 1600 nm using modelling and numerical simulation. The research method of this paper is as follows: first of all, after the literature survey, this topic is using the three-energy level structure, and then collecting the data of pump light wavelength and emission absorption cross-section, signal light emission, and absorption cross-section. fit the data to the graph line, and call the genetic optimization algorithm to derive the gain spectrum optimal value. It’s found that when the pump light wavelength is 1230 nm, fiber length is 2 m, bismuth ion doping concentration is 10.0×1024 ions/m3, the signal light wavelength is 1330 m, its amplifier gain spectrum reaches a peak of 57.17 dB, which is consistent with the results of the three-layer cycle (manual search).
Simulation and analysis of the optical performance of silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhang Yan , Zhu Liping
Published: December 2023

It is the basic operating principle of many optoelectronic sensors with using semiconductor materials to detect light waves for achieving efficient photoelectric conversion. At present, how to maximize the light absorption of materials in broad spectrum becomes one of the key subjects in optical sensing field. In this paper, the antireflective properties of silicon nanowire arrays is analyzed by means of the subwavelength grating principle and the effective medium theory, and the influence of structural parameters on the reflectivity of micro/nano structured arrays under broad spectrum irradiation is simulated by finite difference time domain solutions simulation software system. Theoretical calculation can get knowledge of the variation regularity of diffraction order of micro/nano films. Simulation result can provide theoretical reference for later specific experiments of realizing the morphology evolution of arrays. Combination of two steps, the appearance of higher-order diffraction light can be controlled by changing the structural parameters so as to improve the antireflective properties of micro/nano structured arrays.
Study on interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional composites
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Wusheng , Qiao Rui , Guo Wei , Liu Minghong
Published: December 2023

Carbon fiber composite is widely used in the nuclear industry and other fields due to their lightweight and high strength. There are various forms of failure in composite, including resin cracking, fiber fracture, and resin fiber interface debonding. At the initial stage of damage, they all exhibit the form of microcracks. As cracks propagate and fuse, they ultimately lead to macroscopic fracture of composite components. For safety reasons, it is necessary to study the fracture toughness of composite. This article uses a combination of winding method and double cantilever beam method to study the interlayer fracture toughness characteristics of high-strength (or high modulus) fiber epoxy resin composite under type I load. Choose a more suitable propagation GIC as a measurement metric. The results indicate that under the same resin matrix, the interlayer fracture toughness of high-strength fiber composite is much higher than that of high modulus fibers, which is related to the high surface chemical activity of high-strength fiber monofilament. Finally, combined with finite element analysis, its application in laminated structures was briefly analyzed.
Research on the formulation and performance of high-strength resin matrix T1 for wet winding
Authors: Wang Qitao
Published: December 2023

Aiming at the higher requirements on the performance of composite materials put forward by new specialized equipment, the development of new high-performance winding resin is carried out. First, basing on the epoxy curing system, the selection of the main resin has been completed, we select the appropriate curing agent according to the characteristics of the screened trifunctional glycidylamine epoxy resin and trifunctional alicyclic epoxy resin, the ratio is calculated and optimised, the curing system is established, and the design of the resin formulation system is completed. Second, according to the nature of the resin curing system, the toughening method is screened, and the synergistic enhancement of heat resistance and toughness of the resin is accomplished through the core-shell nano-toughening method. Finally, the glass transition temperature of the new high-performance winding resin T1 is 165.12°C, and the fracture toughness of the resin KIC can reach 1.74MPa-m1/2, and the annular tensile strength of the T1 resin-based T700 carbon fibre composites can reach 3500MPa, which meets the requirements of the design indexes of specialized equipment.
Institutional resilience of tourism villages against the Covid-19 pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Putri S P , Permana M
Published: December 2023

This research aims to specifically assess the institutional resilience of tourism villages against the Covid-19 pandemic in four different tourist village categories. This research is qualitative in nature. The data collection was carried out through interviews with the head of the tourist villages, who played a crucial role during Covid-19 pandemic. Content analysis is used as an analytical technique in this study. The results of the study show that each category of tourist village displays varying degrees of institutional resilience when dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, the key factors distinguishing institutional resilience in each typology of tourist villages are primarily influenced by leadership and management, innovation, tourist visitor scale, local government support, and the determination of the community as actors in the tourism business. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic prompted different action plans, scenarios, and policies in each tourist village. Furthermore, the pandemic encouraged tourism villages to innovate continuously such as by developing new tour packages, creating new attractions, revising tourist visit targets, enhancing product marketing systems, and fostering collaborations. The support and innovation from local governments also played a significant contribution in shaping the resilience of tourist villages. In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons for tourism villages. The lessons include recognizing their potential and weaknesses, mapping resources for dealing with future disasters, optimizing the use of reserve funds, exploring new business opportunities, and developing the necessary mitigation efforts. These results have practical implications for the development policies of each category of tourist villages in the post Covid-19 pandemic era.
Unveiling Ceratocystis wilt disease: a review of cocoa’s unforgiving foe
Authors: Lloren R
Published: December 2023

Cocoa, a tropical evergreen tree native species to the Amazon rainforest, is a highly favored plantation crop of smallholder farmers and a source of livelihood in tropical lowlands of South America, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. Ceratocystis wilt is one among many fungal diseases that cause economic losses in cocoa production. This narrative review aims to evaluate gaps in understanding Ceratocystis wilt of cocoa. The study utilized the PRISMA framework which serves as guide for a semi-structured review. Through the scientific databases, a total of 202 articles were identified, comprising 51 from the Web of Science and 151 from ScienceDirect. Data extraction was done by categorizing the obtained literature. Results revealed that C. cacaofunesta is an ascomycetes fungus and was first described as C. fimbriata and later re-defined as C. cacaofunesta verified using molecular technique and morphological differences. Its symptoms include leaf chlorosis, and entry of infection is through the wound in the stem caused by contaminated cutting tools and insect attack. As a necrotrophic fungus, it feeds on its host’s nutrients. It is also a homothallic species that can self-fertilise and strive at a temperature between 18 to 28 degrees Celsius. Effective control measures can be costly and negatively impact the environment. However, mitigation measures can be taken, such as exclusion and eradication as preventive measures. This narrative review provides a significant future research undertaking, such as identifying diagnostic protocol for C. cacaofunesta and helping mitigate the disease through providing information dissemination on the farmer’s level for early detection.
The presence of signage in the control of visual pollution in urban areas: A case study in the M.T Haryono street corridor, Kendari City, Indonesia
Authors: Halim  , Ramadan S , Al-Ikhsan A , Ladianto A J , Faslih A , Firdausah A M
Published: December 2023

Signage expanded with the growth of the city, where its presence is required because it is regarded as an effective medium for conveying commercial and non-commercial messages and is also anticipated to be one of the factors that contribute positively to a region’s image. This study seeks to determine the presence of signage, specifically advertising boards, in the corridor of M.T Haryono street, Kendari City, in relation to three factors: the impact of advertisement boards on the visual image of the area, its location, and its design. This approach is used to dig up and reveal the impact of advertising boards existence as elements and physical components of space. The results of the study revealed that the presence of advertising boards along the M.T Haryono road corridor did not contribute to reinforcing the visual theme of the area; its layout was overlapping and unclear; it did not provide clear information on the message it conveyed; its design was neither communicative nor harmonious; it lacked elements of unity with the architectural characteristics of the surrounding buildings; and its presence affected the attention of drivers.
Alternative locations of older people-friendly city park in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Soltip M F , Ramadhani A , Luru M N
Published: December 2023

City parks play a crucial role as essential public open spaces within urban areas. Consequently, a demand exists for city parks that can cater to a diverse range of activities and accommodate individuals from various age groups, genders, and social backgrounds, with particular emphasis on the older population. These parks serve as meeting points and outlets for physical fitness, contributing to the overall well-being of the older population. However, in practice, a substantial number of older population urban residents express discontent with the quality of their city parks. Within the city of Bandung, there are twenty parks that currently do not meet the criteria for being classified as older people-friendly parks. This study is focused on identifying the precise locations of urban parks within Bandung that meet the standards of being older people-friendly. The variables under consideration encompass aspects such as location, accessibility, vegetation, lighting, and available facilities. Data collection was carried out through a survey approach and subsequently subjected to analysis using a scoring technique. The study’s findings indicate that out of the twenty parks examined, eight fulfill the criteria to be designated as older people-friendly city parks. These parks are: Cikapundung Terrace Park, Inclusion Park, Cibeunying Park, Cikapundung Riversport Park, Centrum Music Park, Tongkeng Park, City Hall Park, and Alun-Alun Ujungberug Park. Parks with scores ranging from 17 to 24 points are considered to have successfully met the senior-friendly park criteria.
Allowance allocation and adjustment of factors affecting railway logistics demand
Authors: Yulfadli Z , Arifin M Z , Djakfar L , Wicaksono A , Nafis M A
Published: December 2023

Because of the extra dimensions and weight carried on cargo trucks on Java’s North Coast Road (Pantura), the allowance policy was designed to give a discount on freight transportation services in exchange for government funding to pay the discount. It is relevant to supply and demand. The demand for services can be managed using this policy. The purpose of this research is to go further into the policy’s analysis. The endeavor to manage demand for logistics trucks and trains will be examined in greater depth by developing a regression model with two response variables, namely truck and train logistics transportation demand. Logistics train tariffs, the number of factories in one region, the distance between the industrial center and the nearest Indonesian Railway Logistics Company (KALOG), truck driver wages for one delivery, truck maintenance and operational costs, and the distance from the city of origin to the national capital are all expected to influence demand for logistics trucks and trains. While the Tangerang region has the highest tariff per kilometer and is also the longest distance from the industry center to KALOG, Jakarta has the highest truck operations and maintenance expenses. According to the findings of this study, logistics train prices, the distance between the industrial center and the nearest KALOG, and truck operational expenses all have a major influence on truck and train logistics transportation demand. These major elements have been shown to assist enhance KALOG’s profit while reducing overdimensioning and overloading on Pantura.
Transit Oriented Development (TOD) network arrangement system in the City of Jakarta
Authors: Taki H M , Wicaksono R , Badawi M A
Published: December 2023

The city of Jakarta has grown very rapidly with more than 18.6 million private vehicles passing through it. Around 47.5 million people move in Jakarta and its surroundings, only 24 percent use public transportation. This trend of using transportation that is fast and uncontrollable, but not many people use public transportation. The purpose of this research is to provide direction to the public and the government so that the use of pedestrian-oriented public transportation and mass public transportation through the application of the TOD concept. This research method is descriptive argumentative in nature supported by data sources and processed qualitatively. The results of this study show that the application of TOD to mass transportation systems in Jakarta that currently exist or exist such as Commuter line stops or stations, Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), Trans Jakarta Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Light Rapid Transit (LRT) has provided convenience and comfort for its users, as well as regional arrangement, passenger flow, and integration between mode. The conclusion of this study is that the TOD system that has been built can connect the downtown area with connected buffer areas via the BRT, MRT and LRT. This transportation system was developed managed by Jabodetabek Transportation Management Agency (PT. BPTJ).
Analysis of pollutant index in Gunung Putri Pond, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar M A , Fachrul M F , Marendra S M P , Hendrawan D I
Published: December 2023

Gunung Putri Pond is one of the lakes in Bogor Regency that functions as water reservoir, agricultural irrigation, fisheries activities, which has an area of 120,645 m2 and a depth ranging from 0.5 to 1.7 m. Gunung Putri Pond is surrounded by residential areas, agricultural land, and several industries which discharge their waste into the lake’s water bodies, including the motorcycle manufacturing industry, industrial equipment suppliers, the automotive industry, and construction companies which directly or indirectly pollute the waters of the lake. The aims is identify pollutant sources that have the potential to pollute waters, analyze water quality, and quality status for Gunung Putri Pond. The research was carried out in March 2023-July 2023. Water sampling was carried out at 6 points using the grab sampling method. The parameters analyzed in this study were temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrate (NO3-N), Phosphate (PO4), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb) and E. coli. The results of water quality Gunung Putri Pond for parameters COD, Fe, Pb and E. coli exceed the quality standards of Government Regulation No. 22 Year 2021 Class 2. The water quality status of Gunung Putri Pond used Pollutant Index (IP) method with an average value of 2.78, which is lightly polluted category.
Potential use of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve soil productivity in tailing of tin mining: a greenhouse study scale
Authors: Wulandari D , Maulana A F , Fathikasari I
Published: December 2023

Tin mining is as a critical factor destroying ecosystems and challenging for reclamation. Indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are well-known for assisting plants growing in harsh environments. This study aimed to (1) isolate indigenous AMF; (2) screen AMF for nutrient uptake and plant biomass; (3) investigate the screened AMF in supporting plant growing in tin tailing. Soils were collected from natural forest and post-tin mining in Bangka. Wet sieving was conducted to obtain spore of AMF. Collected AMF were propagated and screened for phosphorus uptake and plant biomass of tested Sorghum bicolor growing in sterilized sand at greenhouse. Eight best-screened AMF was evaluated using Piper nigrum growing in sterilized tin tailing+10% compost at greenhouse. The new leaf number, phosphorus uptake, and flowering emergence were measured. Trap culture obtained 16 Acaulospora sp., 1 Glomus sp., and 1 Scutelospora sp, in post-tin mining, and 9 Acaulospora sp. in natural forest. Screening of AMF resulted in higher shoot P uptake and biomass than controls. Application of screened AMF on tin-talling showed that four AMF had higher new leaf number, phosphorus uptake, and flower emergence of P. nigrum. These results imply that selected indigenous AMF are potential for future land productivity of post-tin mining area.
Voltage optimization in expansive soil improvement with saline solution on swelling and shear strength
Authors: Darmiyanti D , Rachmansyah A , Munawir A , Zaika Y , Ershandy  , Suryo E A
Published: December 2023

One of the problems in the construction of the road network is the presence of expansive clay and loose soil. In Java, expansive clays are generally the result of weathering rock formations including shale and clay, while soft soils are derived from unconsolidated sedimentation. In situ stabilization of clay with chemical solutions will be difficult due to the very low permeability of the soil. Some researchers exploit the phenomenon of electrodynamics, the nature of the electric and hydraulic coupling to reform clay. This paper examines the experimental results of clay reclamation in the laboratory. The study was carried out on clay from Karawang, West Java province, Indonesia, which was injected with saline solution and used different voltages of 12V, 15V, 18V, and 24V. The success of this experiment will be seen by comparing the mechanical properties of the soil before and after electrochemical spraying. The test results show that electrochemical injection with calcium chloride salt solution and a voltage of 15V can reduce swelling characteristics and increase optimal shear strength.
Gadjah Mada University drinking water supply system TOYAGAMA life cycle inventory
Authors: Hutomo P , Marleni N N N , Kamulyan B
Published: December 2023

TOYAGAMA is the drinking water supply system (DWSS) of Gadjah Mada University. Acknowledging that its production operations have potential environmental and ecological impacts is essential. To ensure sustainable operations, comprehension of these impacts is necessary. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been reported to be an ideal method, but it has never been carried out, Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is a vital preliminary step. Therefore, this study aims to construct an LCI database for the production of drinking water in TOYAGAMA DWSS, covering the process of raw water intake to treatment. This database could serve as a reference for future LCA studies involving similar technologies and as an overview of its potential impacts. The data collection methods included observation, literature review, and interviews. The collected data focus was carried out from September 26 to November 3, 2022. Organizing and processing were performed using Microsoft Excel and OpenLCA 2.0 Beta. The results showed that TOYAGAMA DWSS consisted of 15 unit processes and an additional 1 non-TOYAGAMA DWSS unit process was included in the LCI. Flows recapitulation showed that 15 environmental flows were involved. Evaluation using Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method Environmental Footprint 3.0 indicated that the production of 1 m3 drinking water contributed to 12 of 28 potential impact categories. Based on the results, to produce 1 m3 of drinking water, 3.35293 MJ of electrical energy and 1.22723 m3 groundwater were required. Furthermore, plastic waste had the highest potential impact, with a total of 5 impacts.
Sustainability assessment of community-based wastewater treatment plant: case study of Semarang District, Indonesia
Authors: Nurmiyanto A , Ragawidya P S , Wantoputri N I , Fajri J A , Brontowiyono W
Published: December 2023

Current sanitation initiatives in Indonesia focus on community-based sanitation to promotes ownership and understanding of sanitation systems. However, the community has faced numerous challenges in maintaining the socio-economic and technical aspects of the community-based wastewater treatment system (CWWTP) in operation. This study aimed to identify and analyse the sustainability dimensions of CWWTP in Indonesia. In this study, a set of sustainability index (SSI) tools was proposed to evaluate the sustainability of CWWTP, which included environmental, social, economic, technological, and institutional aspects of the sanitation system. Rapid appraisal for fisheries (RAPFISH) method was adapted to evaluate the multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach within the proposed SSI. The applicability of developed SSI was demonstrated by evaluating the implementation of three CWWTP in Semarang district. Data was collected through direct observation, questionnaires, interviews, CWWTP design evaluation, and water quality analysis. Major findings indicated that Tegalsari CWWTP have higher sustainability index, while Pedalangan and Podorejo need to enhance technical efficiency, institutional structure, and community engagement. The leverage analysis identifies key performance drivers in the CWWTP management including operation & maintenance, user acceptance, O&M expenses, community involvement, and effluent water quality. This paper highlights adequate tools for sustainability assessments of CWWTP in Semarang district. Methodology and dissemination of the obtained results can be applied to other rural communities in Indonesia.
Performance of trembesi seed (Samanea saman) on tempeh wastewater treatment (a case study in Semanan Tempeh Industry), West Jakarta
Authors: Syerin L A , Aphirta S , Astono W
Published: December 2023

Tempeh wastewater contains organic matter, TSS, and high turbidity, which negatively impact if discharged directly into water bodies. The use of biocoagulant from trembesi seeds to treat wastewater is considered more environmentally friendly, easy to find, and affordable. The purpose of this research is to determine how effective trembesi seeds are as a coagulant in removing turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from tempeh wastewater in a batch-stirred reactor. Jar test with dose variations of 10-700 mg/L, finding the optimum stirring duration for coagulation at 200 rpm with time intervals of 1-3 minutes and for flocculation at 80 rpm with time intervals of 15, 30, and 45 minutes. The findings show that using a coagulant concentration of 500 mg/L resulted in a 63% reduction in turbidity. The optimum coagulation duration is 2 minutes and flocculation is 30 minutes. BOD initially at 1,245 mg/L decreased by 78% to 273 mg/L. COD initially at 6,400 mg/L decreased by 40% to 3,840 mg/L. TSS initially at 609 mg/L decreased by 66% to 205 mg/L. The percentage of allowance for BOD, COD, TSS, and turbidity using a reactor is 68%, 35%, 58%, and 70%. From these results it can be said that trembesi seed coagulant is effective in removing BOD, COD, TSS, and turbidity in tempeh wastewater.
Treatment of palm oil mill effluent using modified rotating biological contactor with organic loading rate variations
Authors: Adam M S , Nugrohoputri A S , Rahmadi R , Astuti A D , Kurniawan A
Published: December 2023

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil or Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Palm oil production generates Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), which can harm the environment, if not properly treated. Untreated POME, with high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels, can lead to environmental degradations. Its high organic content and low acidity levels can also cause water pollution. This study modified the Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) unit to treat POME, increasing the contact surface area between POME and microorganisms. It aimed to analyse the performance of the modified RBC unit, based on variations in organic loading rate (OLR). The study was conducted at a laboratory scale, with 2, 5, and 7 kgCOD/L/day organic loads. The results of this study revealed the highest percentage of removal obtained at an OLR variation of 7 kgCOD/L/day, with a removal rate of 70% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and 57% for ammonia concentration. Based on the research, the COD removal for organic loads of 7 kgCOD/L/day and 5 kgCOD/L/day decreased to 1900 mg/L and 2600 mg/L, respectively. Thus, the modified RBC unit would be more efficient with an organic load of 7 kgCOD/L/day. However, the COD concentration still did not comply with the water quality standards. Therefore, integrating the modified RBC unit with pre-treatment units, such as coagulation-flocculation, is necessary to achieve optimal effluent concentrations.
The effect of hydraulic retention time on stabilisation unit in anaerobic – contact stabilisation (A-CST) for treating palm oil mill effluent
Authors: Kenannita  , Ajie O W P , Nauval D , Astuti A D , Kurniawan A
Published: December 2023

The increased use of palm oil in Indonesia has triggered an increase in the quantity of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The contents of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), as well as oils and grease in palm oil mill effluent, need to be reprocessed, in accordance with the provisions of the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 2014, concerning Wastewater Quality Standards, before being discharged into water bodies. In this study, a modification of the treatment unit involving the integration of suspended growth and attached growth in anaerobic and aerobic processes, known as Anaerobic – Contact Stabilisation (A-CST) unit, was conducted to reduce the high concentration of organic matter in POME. This modification can shorten the detention time and reduce the land usage for treatment. The objective of this research was to analyse the performance of the modified A-CST system, based on variations in the detention time and modelling the estimation of biokinetics under unsteady-state conditions, through numerical analysis, statistical tests, and model validation. The research focused on the stabilisation unit, with variations in Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 6 hours, 5 hours, and 4 hours. The results of this study revealed that, the highest percentage of removal was obtained at an HRT variation of 6 hours, with a COD 88%.
Evaluation of municipal solid waste transportation and cost analysis: case study in Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Dinanti A K , Dhokhikah Y , Badriani R E , Ishak S Z
Published: December 2023

Population growth in Banyuwangi Regency reached 0.61% BPS Banyuwangi Regency, 2022) with waste generation reaching 1,963,033.98 m3/year. Only 13% of the waste that is transported to the Temporary Disposal Site, TDS (RPJMD, 2021) is generated in Banyuwangi Regency in 2022; its waste generation in 2022 is 5378,2 m3/day with existing transportation using 17 units of dump trucks and 5 units of arm-roll trucks. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the most effective and optimal waste transportation system and estimate vehicle operating costs. The research methods were field studies and interviews with staff, drivers, and waste workers. The main information needed is the distance between the TDS and landfill sites locations, the time between locations, and the operating time of the waste trucks. The results showed that the amount of waste transported daily was 211.89 m3/day with a proportion of 4%. Optimization is carried out by setting aside distances on eight dump truck routes using the nearest-neighbor method with the R algorithm. Based on optimization, the distance reduction achieved by sorting eight dump truck routes reaches 102.95 km. In Banyuwangi Regency, the average daily vehicle operating costs for waste transportation are IDR 625,600 for arm roll trucks and IDR 3,325,200 for dump trucks. The average vehicle operating cost per year for 5 arm-roll trucks and 17 dump trucks reaches IDR 4,277,304,940.
Combining Landsat, VIIRS Night-time Light, and Sentinel-1 SAR for Spatial Flood Risk Assessment in Coastal Area: an Earth Engine Cloud Computing Process
Authors: Siddiq Amar , Sejati Anang W.
Published: December 2023

The intensity of development in coastal areas stimulates various potential issues such as flood disasters. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of latest methods and geospatial data as inputs for coastal spatial planning policies in efforts to reduce flood disaster risks. Leveraging spatial analysis with cloud computing through Google Earth Engine (GEE), this research assesses flood risk components—hazards, vulnerability, and capacity. The method involves processing SAR Sentinel-1 data to map flood inundation as a representation of hazards, analyzing Landsat and WorldPop data to evaluate vulnerability, and assessing capacity by utilizing VIIRS nighttime light level imagery to determine economic activities. The chosen research study location is the coastal area of Pekalongan due to frequent flood disasters throughout the year. The results demonstrate that cloud computing is capable of assessing flood risks. The flood inundation model using SAR data covers an area of 2,780 hectares with an accuracy of 96.75%. The analysis also reveals the highest vulnerability level, reaching 15.7% (946.32 hectares) of the total area. The capacity analysis indicates a medium to high level of 15% (913.6 hectares). The assessment of flood risks in the coastal area is dominated by the medium to very high-risk class, covering 43% (2,631.84 hectares) of the area. In conclusion, integrating cloud-based flood risk modeling into spatial planning is crucial, considering disaster resilience for sustainable human habitats.
Strengthening City Branding Through Investment in Ambarawa Urban Area, Semarang Regency
Authors: Yesiana Reny , Septiarani Bintang , Astuti Khristiana D. , Anggraini Pratamaningtyas , Pardcipta Jihan S. , Pradana Gilang A. , Pandie Amedeus R.
Published: December 2023

City branding can shape an area’s positioning and marketing differentiation so that a city can build a clear identity and strong associations and instil positive attributes to compete with other cities, especially for tourism. The primary purpose of city branding is to increase tourists and foster a good perception of the area. Ambarawa Urban Area is part of strategic National Kedungsepur (province) for social and cultural focus. The development of this area aims to create a historical city area that becomes the centre of tourism development. Tourism development also requires support from investors. Investment is important because it can also provide social benefits to the community. Therefore, this article aims to determine investment locations to strengthen the city branding of the Ambarawa Urban Area. The data used in this research are secondary and primary. Secondary data includes land value, road network, land use, and hazard map. The validation of land use data and road networks is carried out using the ground check. The variables used in the analysis are land value, ease of accessibility, and availability of land that can be developed for construction. The analysis techniques used are kernel density and overlay mapping such a conservation area, limited development land and tourism location. The processing map using Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping software. This research resulted in investment locations in several villages, such as Baran, Kupang, Lodoyong, Ngampin, Panjang and Tambakboyo with a total area of 19.14 hectares. The largest investment location can be allocated in Panjang Village which has an area of 9.79 hectares and is spread across two locations.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis on Land Use/Land Cover Change in Banda Aceh: A Preliminary Study of Disaster Resilience
Authors: Senjana Suci , Handayani Wiwandari , Suprapti Atik
Published: December 2023

The devastating tsunami that struck Banda Aceh resulted in profound destruction to both its built environment and natural areas. The city’s urban infrastructure suffered extensive damage, with essential zone being severely affected. Despite these challenges, the population of this tsunami-prone city has continued to increase steadily over time. This research examines the land use/land cover (LULC) in Banda Aceh following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami through spatio-temporal analysis, with a particular focus on investigating urban growth trends through the examination of built-up areas. The study seeks to discern the evolving patterns of land use and land cover transitions over this period, shedding light on the transformative processes associated with urbanization and its consequent impact on the landscape. The insights obtained from this research can inform urban planners, policymakers, and disaster management authorities in devising effective strategies for urban growth in coastal front cities that vulnerable to tsunami.
Utilization of GIS for Adaptation Pattern on Community of Drought Disaster in Kaliori District, Rembang Regency
Authors: Sari Ayu N. , Widyasamratri Hasti
Published: December 2023

The adaptation process carried out by individuals or communities in counfront of drought forms an adaptation pattern. This research focuses on adaptation to domestic and agricultural water needs. The drought disaster in Kaliori is a hydrological drought where there is a shortage of surface water and groundwater, areas affected by drought occur in 20 of 23 villages in Kaliori. The goals of this research is to determine the adaptations made by the community in facing drought disasters. This research using a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative with primary data collection methods are interviews, questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and utilize GIS processing. The results is the dominant adaptation patterns is (1) Buying tank water from other districts for people with middle-high economic class, (2) Buying conducting water for IDR 2,000 from the District Lasem for people with a lower economy, (3) Prioritizing need for water for daily needs and drinking water for livestock, (4) Selling or renting paddy fields for farmers who do not have sufficient capital to work on the fields, (5) Switching professions to sectors other than agriculture, such as turning into fishermen and porters in the coastal area of Kaliori District; (6) Coastal communities who work as salt farmers benefit from the drought disaster because it results in higher salt production; and (7) Lowland people who work as farmers adjust the types of crops from rice to sugar cane, corn, beans, chilies, cassava, and other that can withstand hot weather.
Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) as Climate Mitigation Tool in Glamping Site in Cimahi North, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Prihandrijanti Maria , Azzizi Vidya T.
Published: December 2023

Climate change on a global scale is an urgent matter with far-reaching consequences, making tourism among the most susceptible sectors to the effects of changing climate patterns. Ensuring human comfort in environments with high outdoor activity demands is a crucial aspect of design. This is particularly relevant for nature-based accommodations, often found in rural, mountainous, or coastal areas, catering to urban residents seeking recreational experiences. This study aims to explore the utilization of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) in both geospatial and temporal context in glamping site in Cimahi North, Indonesia, as a strategy for climate mitigation. Temporal microclimate assessment was first conducted through temporal thermal comfort analysis, using criteria such as air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH), followed by geospatial analysis (Hotspot Analysis) in GIS to put the THI into spatial context. Result indicates that there are variations in daily THI assessment, where both temperature and humidity play important role in determining the thermal comfort of glamping clients. Subsequently, the study introduces strategies for climate mitigation in the planning of glamping tourism sites. The practical implications of this research lie in its potential to enhance the planning of nature-based tourism sites, particularly those dedicated to glamping experiences.
Using Geospatial Information for Sustainable Small Farm and Dairy Processing Cluster Development of Community-Based in a Small City of Indonesia
Authors: Tyas Wido P. , Damayanti Maya , Rizqiati Heni , Wahyono Hadi , Lisanti Renesia N. R. A. , Fajri Claudya G. A. , Atika Anisa N. , Sumarni Ely
Published: December 2023

Cluster development based on community participation is one way to increase farmers’ income. The cow-milk processing cluster is one of the promising clusters in Salatiga City. Dairy cow’s milk is a well-known product in Salatiga City, including in Kumpulrejo Area/Kelurahan. Kumpulrejo Area has various dairy products, including cheese, chips, and ice cream. However, the production of dairy products could be more sustainable, but only by consumer demand. Another obstacle is the need for more marketing and sales facilities from business actors to market existing dairy products, and the presence of COVID-19 and Foot and Mouth Diseases also impacts production activities. A dairy product processing cluster in Kumpulrejo Area is an effort to increase the economic value chain of business actors for dairy products in Kumpulrejo Area. This study analyzes the master plan of the area by using geospatial information. The master plan document is vital in the development of this cluster by involving the participation of the Kumpulrejo Area community, in this case, the Farmers Groups, which is the main subject of the Community Action Plan (CAP), through community discussion activities (CAP Workshop/FGDs). Before the process, it was previously conducting field observations, interviews, and distributing questionnaires in Pre-CAP. The observation determines the condition of dairy cow’s milk production activities in Kumpulrejo Area. In addition to gaining participation from the community, other stakeholders, such as local government and academics, also play a role in preparing the master plan document. The realization of the milk processing cluster in Kumpulrejo Area is expected to improve the income of the community in Kumpulrejo Area.
Urban Ecological Security Assessment Based on Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 Image Data: A Case Study in Surakarta City and its Surroundings
Authors: Indrawati Like , Fatchurohman Hendy
Published: December 2023

A healthy ecosystem is the foundation of social and economic development. It is crucial to conduct ecological security assessments in rapidly urbanizing areas. Surakarta City is one of the cities in Central Java undergoing significant growth, driven by an increasing population year by year. This has led to changes in land use accompanied by shifts in environmental quality. This research aims to assess the urban ecological security of Surakarta City and its surroundings using remote sensing technology from satellite systems. The research methodology employs Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 TIRS imagery to extract indicators of urban ecological security. The modeling method utilizes Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The findings of this study provide the distribution of urban ecological security levels within the research area.
The Spatial Planning in Purworejo Regency-based Flood Hazard using Sentinel-1A Imagery
Authors: Pangi Pangi , Rohman Farid N. , Mispaki Syachril W.
Published: December 2023

Flood disasters in Indonesia increased by 23% over a period of 70 years. In Central Java Province, the incidence of floods has also experienced a significant increase, including flooding in Purworejo Regency. Floods in Purworejo Regency occur in almost every rainy season in the same location. In 2020 and 2021, floods hit the same 13 villages. The utilization of the Sentinel-1A Imagery technology can quickly and accurately visualize the distribution of locations where there are indications of flood inundation. This research aims to do rapid flood mapping for spatial planning. The method used in this research is the processing of Sentinel-1A imagery, flood mapping in Purworejo Regency, validation test of processed Saentinel-1A imagery, and flood analysis with the Purworejo Regency Spatial Planning. The Sentinel-1A data processing is in the form of a combination process between Composite RGB and the Change Detection and Thresholding (CDAT) method. Sentinel-1A imagery was taken at two different times, namely when there was a flood and when there was no flood. The Flood Map Processed by Saentinel-1A imagery will be verified and validated. The validity test results using the Kappa coefficient are 0.841, and the accuracy value is 94%. The Kappa coefficient value and accuracy show that the flooding results from the Saentinel-1A image processing are valid and accurate. The results of the analysis between spatial planning and flood inundation in Purworejo Regency are > 50% of the flooded areas in the form of paddy fields and plantations.
Enhancing Decision-Making for Sustainable Agriculture and Tourism Development through System Dynamics and GIS Integration: A Study of Jenawi District
Authors: Wungo Grandy L. , Nurini Nurini , Ardian Rico , Franestia Fika
Published: December 2023

As one of the districts that have an important role for Karanganyar Regency in agriculture and tourism, Jenawi District is a producer of 18 out of the 22 agricultural commodities in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia. In addition, Jenawi District also has various natural tourism objects such as caves, valleys, waterfalls, springs, and other tourism objects. However, the potential of agriculture and tourism has not been able to improve community welfare because there is no policy to encourage the agricultural and tourism sectors in Jenawi District. Therefore, this study aims to formulate alternative policy models in the agriculture and tourism sectors in Jenawi District. This research uses quantitative research methods using primary and secondary data types, where the data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, FGDs, literature reviews, and GIS analysis. GIS analysis enabled spatial data integration and visualization, facilitating the identification of patterns, relationships, and potential areas for agriculture and tourism development. The analysis method used is a dynamic system method that uses the causal loop diagram analysis technique. The analysis results found that the dynamic system model in Jenawi District that has been designed is able to work properly with high accuracy levels. There are differences between with and without policies, especially in the incentives used, which have significant differences. With the implementation of policies in Jenawi District, there is a difference in income results in the agricultural sector reaching 20%-27%, and in the tourism sector reaching 80%.