bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of large-scale circulation and local feedbacks on extreme summer heat in Argentina in 2022/23
Authors: Collazo Soledad , Suli Solange , Zaninelli Pablo G. , García-Herrera Ricardo , Barriopedro David , Garrido-Perez José M.
Published: May 2024

The summer of 2022/23 in Argentina set a record with ten heatwaves. Here, we compare the synoptic and thermodynamic conditions of the four heatwaves with the largest spatial extent using ERA5 reanalysis data. All heatwaves were associated with mid-level anticyclonic anomalies but with different characteristics: three were quasi-stationary high-pressure systems, while one was transient. We also find that enhanced surface fluxes strongly influenced the daily temperature evolution. Furthermore, we perform an attribution exercise using the analogue technique to measure the contributions of atmospheric circulation, soil moisture, and climate change. For quasi-stationary events, the main contribution came from the circulation (up to 2 °C relative to random flow in the present climate). Conversely, the transient heatwave showed a stronger association with extreme soil moisture deficits, with an estimated increase of ~+1 °C relative to wetter conditions. Climate change has also increased the intensity of heatwaves by +0.5 to +1.2 °C relative to previous decades.
Electrolyte-gated FET Biosensors
Authors: Piro B.
Published: May 2024

After a general introduction, the opening section of this chapter presents a broad introduction to electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EGFETs). This encompasses fundamental concepts surrounding electrical double layers, charge transport in conductive and semiconductive materials, polarization, interfacial capacitance, and the underlying operating principles. The following section examines active materials, including organic and inorganic semiconductors, and nanostructured electrical conductors such as nanowires, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Furthermore, this section explores techniques utilized to produce EGFETs, such as vacuum thermal deposition and inkjet printing. The fourth section examines fabrication methods, while the fifth reviews the common biological probes utilized in EGFETs, such as DNA aptamers, antibodies, nanobodies, proteins, enzymes or synthetic ligands. Additionally, it discusses their application in EGFETs and the anticipated transduction mechanisms. The concluding section provides various exemplary instances extracted from relevant literature. The chapter does not include the discussion of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs).
Fabrication of polycrystalline phosphorus-doped diamond electrodes from red phosphorus
Authors: Moriguchi Tomokiyo , Tomisaki Mai , Sato Susumu , Nakamura Jin , Yamada Hideaki , Einaga Yasuaki
Published: May 2024

Polycrystalline phosphorus-doped diamond was fabricated by the quartz-tube-type microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Red phosphorus was used as a source of phosphorous, instead of PH3.
Synthesis of Zn(ii) coordination complexes, their molecular design and docking with SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein and Omicron spike protein
Authors: Singh Simranjeet , Choudhary Mukesh
Published: May 2024

Two Zn(ii) complexes [Zn(L)(en)]ClO4(1) and [Zn(L)2] (2) were synthesized and designed and their molecular docking with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein and Omicron spike protein were studied for assessing them as possible therapeutic drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant.
Rapid and easy preparation of self-supporting La-mixed NiMoO4 nanofloral materials and their capacitance properties
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yang , Hao Tingting , Hao Jian , Ma Tenghao
Published: May 2024

Asymmetric devices with self-supporting La–NiMoO4 nanoflowers as positive electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performance.
Active loading of cyanine 5.5 derivatives into liposomes for deep self-quenching and their applications in deep tissue imaging
Authors: Chen Chong-Yan , Jian Cheng-Bang , Gao Hua-De , Yu Xu-En , Chang Yuan-Chih , Leong Shwee Khuan , Shie Jiun-Jie , Lee Hsien-Ming
Published: May 2024

Visualizing liposome release profiles in small animals is important for evaluating the pharmacokinetic influence of vesicles.
Porcine nasal septum cartilage-derived decellularized matrix promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells without exogenous growth factors
Authors: Shen Jinpeng , Ye Danyan , Jin Hao , Wu Yongxuan , Peng Lihong , Liang Yan
Published: May 2024

The PN-DCM scaffolds, derived from porcine nasal septum cartilage by cryo-grinding, induce HuMSCs to become chondrocyte-like without external growth factors. Proteomics showed that PN-DCM's capability relies on preserving specific components.
In situ construction of A-site high-entropy perovskites with interfacial CeO2 for a high-performance IT-SOFC air-electrode
Authors: Li Xuelong , Chen Shuaihang , Yang Qian , Yu Fengyang , Zhang Yunhe , Su Lina , Liu Jianhua , Li Li
Published: May 2024

An A-site high-entropy perovskite composite LBSCCC–CeO2 air-electrode material was prepared via a one-step self-constructing strategy. The peak power density of the LBSCCC–CeO2 based IT-SOFC was 1.95 W cm−2 at 800 °C.
Structural diversity of cadmium coordination polymers based on an extended anilate-type ligand
Authors: Trofimova Olesya Yu. , Meshcheryakova Irina N. , Druzhkov Nikolai O. , Ershova Irina V. , Maleeva Arina V. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Aysin Rinat R. , Piskunov Alexandr V.
Published: May 2024

The extended anilate ligand is an excellent platform for designing MOFs with diverse structures and topologies.
CO oxidation reactions on 3-d single metal atom catalysts/MgO(100)
Authors: Vital C. A. , Buendía F. , Beltrán M. R.
Published: May 2024

CO oxidation on SAC/MgO(100).
Designing potentially singlet fission materials with an anti-Kasha behaviour
Authors: Pino-Rios Ricardo , Báez-Grez Rodrigo , Szczepanik Dariusz W. , Solá Miquel
Published: May 2024

Azulene derivatives with electron withdrawing and donating groups located in different sites generate singlet fission compounds with S2 > 2T1.
Correction: Predicting small molecules solubility on endpoint devices using deep ensemble neural networks
Authors: Ramos Mayk Caldas , White Andrew D.
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Predicting small molecules solubility on endpoint devices using deep ensemble neural networks’ by Mayk Caldas Ramos and Andrew D. White, Digital Discovery, 2024, 3, 786–795, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DD00217A.
Metal-doped niobate pyrochlores and double-perovskites for glycerol valorization: structural and electronic properties and DFT calculations
Authors: Bertoldo Gabriela Mota , Oliveira Alcineia Conceição , Saraiva Gilberto Dantas , Jucá Rai , da Silva Filho José Gadelha , Rodríguez-Aguado Elena , Jiménez-Jiménez José , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique
Published: May 2024

A La2MnFeO6 double-perovskite with a defective structure was used as an efficient catalyst for the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid to produce esters of glycerol comparable to metal-doped niobates.
Suppressing charge recombination in a methylammonium-free wide-bandgap perovskite film for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ye Qiufeng , Hu Wenzheng , Zhu Junchi , Cai Ziyu , Zhang Hengkang , Dong Tao , Yu Boyang , Chen Feiyang , Wei Xieli , Yao Bo , Dou Weidong , Fang Zebo , Ye Feng , Liu Zhun , Li Tie
Published: May 2024

We employed RbI additive, constructed heterojunction, and used TOPO post-treatment for suppressing non-radiative recombination of MA-free WBG perovskite. The device showed a record PCE of 23.35%, a high VOC of 1.3 V and the impressive stability.
Beyond 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid: status quo, environmental assessment, and blind spots of furanic monomers for bio-based polymers
Authors: Annatelli Mattia , Sánchez-Velandia Julián E. , Mazzi Giovanna , Pandeirada Simão V. , Giannakoudakis Dimitrios , Rautiainen Sari , Esposito Antonella , Thiyagarajan Shanmugam , Richel Aurore , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos S. , Robert Tobias , Guigo Nathanael , Sousa Andreia F. , García-Verdugo Eduardo , Aricò Fabio
Published: May 2024

This review represents an overview of the status quo of the furan-based monomers and related bio-based polymers, highlighting key challenges for scaling from lab to pre-industrial levels.
Towards a sustainable tomorrow: advancing green practices in organic chemistry
Authors: Sharma Sudripet , Gallou Fabrice , Handa Sachin
Published: May 2024

Chemistry in water, leveraging its solvent properties, provides a safer and more sustainable alternative to traditional organic solvent methods.
Carboxylic ligands to enhance material recovery from construction waste to produce CaCO3 for carbon utilization
Authors: Williams Jonah M. , Zhao Diandian , Zhang Ning , Kawashima Shiho , Moment Aaron J.
Published: May 2024

The use of organic carboxylic ligands derived from CO2 can enhance the material recovery and upcycling potential of construction and demolition wastes via carbon mineralization.
Concentration–polarization electroosmosis for particle fractionation
Authors: Fernández-Mateo Raúl , García-Sánchez Pablo , Ramos Antonio , Morgan Hywel
Published: May 2024

Concentration–polarization electroosmosis (CPEO) refers to steady-state electroosmotic flows around charged dielectric micro-particles induced by low-frequency AC electric fields.
Supervalent doping and its effect on the thermal, structural and electrochemical properties of Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolytes
Authors: Košir Janez , Mousavihashemi Seyedabolfazl , Suominen Milla , Kobets Anna , Wilson Benjamin P. , Rautama Eeva-Leena , Kallio Tanja
Published: May 2024

Supervalent doping is a method used to obtain highly conductive LLZO solid electrolytes. As the dopants affect differently on the properties of the LLZOs, we explore their influence on the synthesis, structure and electrochemical performance.
〈112̄0〉-orientation-dependent crack initiation in a titanium alloy under dwell fatigue
Authors: Zhou Zhichun , Fang Chao , Jiang Binbin , Qiu Jianke , Zhang Linglei , Lei Jiafeng , Yang Rui , Du Kui
Published: May 2024

Soft grains with a “rotation angle” between 15° and 30° are prone to induce cracking in hard grains, for the reason that prismatic dislocation slips in these soft grains exert a higher stress (higher κ value) normal to the basal plane of hard grains.
Boosting the electrocatalytic activity and stability of Ni/NiO toward the oxygen evolution reaction by coupling FeOOH nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yajing , Zhu Quanxi , Zhang Peng , Liu Songli , Wang Jiankang
Published: May 2024

The unsatisfactory performance of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the complex preparation methods are the main challenges hindering the industrial application of OER electrocatalysts in electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production.
Synergistic effect of atomically dispersed Cu species and Ti-defects for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction over hierarchical TiO2
Authors: Chen Peijiao , Li Zhijun , Wang Pengze , Yao Yuxin , Dou Tianwei , Qu Yang , Jing Liqiang
Published: May 2024

The synergistic effect of atomically dispersed Cu species and Ti-defects on hierarchical TiO2 significantly enhances the separation of photogenerated charges, thereby promoting the highly selective conversion of CO2 into CO, mediated by water.
Synthesis of cobalt phosphide hybrid for simultaneous electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Hang Yulu , Lei Xiaoyu , Deng Jinan , Yang Jun
Published: May 2024

A Co2P hybrid, containing Co2P nanoparticles anchored on a P, N-doped porous carbon matrix, was synthesized and modified on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) as Co2P hybrid-SPE for the simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid.
Photoswitching of Co(ii)-based coordination cages containing azobenzene backbones
Authors: Tipping Max B. , Pruñonosa Lara Lidón , Solea Atena B. , von Krbek Larissa K. S. , Ward Michael D.
Published: May 2024

Incorporation of a photoswitchable azobenzene unit into a ditopic bis(pyrazolyl-pyridine) ligand allows a range of reversible light-induced transformations between different cage assemblies.
Hydroalkylation of styrenes enabled by boryl radical mediated halogen atom transfer
Authors: Pillitteri Serena , Walia Rajat , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Sharma Upendra K.
Published: May 2024

NaBPh4 was employed in a Halogen Atom Transfer methodology to generate C-centered radicals from alkyl and aryl bromides and iodides.
Isomerization reactions of metal vinylidene units
Authors: Zheng Xuejuan , Huang Fanping , Li Xinyuan , Zhuo Kaiyue , Chen Dafa , Luo Ming , Xia Haiping
Published: May 2024

Isomerization reactions of unsaturated molecules offer an efficient strategy in atom-economical synthesis.
A redox-reversible A/B-site co-doped BaFeO3 electrode for direct hydrocarbon solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Li Haixia , Wang Wanhua , Zhao Kai , Park Ka-Young , Lee Taehee , Dizaj Ramin Babazadeh , Heyden Andreas , Ding Dong , Chen Fanglin
Published: May 2024

A redox-reversible BLFMN material demonstrates good performance and coking resistance as the fuel electrode in SOFCs.
High-entropy alloy nanoparticles combined with an SiC coating synergistically boost the electromagnetic shielding performance of a carbon nanotube sponge
Authors: Zhang Ying , Tang Chengqing , Song Yaoqieyu , Zhang Sheng , Hang Zhi Hong , Zhang Xiaohua , Li Yitan , Yang Zhaohui
Published: May 2024

A SiC@high-entropy alloy@carbon nanotube sponge composite with heterogeneous interfaces achieves an outstanding EMI shielding performance over 90 dB, good elasticity and excellent chemical and thermal resistance.
Precision in cancer diagnostics: ultra-sensitive detection of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by gold nanostructure-enhanced electrochemical biosensing
Authors: Rahmanipour Mahsa , Siampour Hossein , Moshaii Ahmad , Amirabadizadeh Masoud , Fouani Mohamad hassan , Shariati Laleh , Rafienia Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Fast and accurate identification of breast cancer utilizing sensitive electrochemical sensors of gold columnar nanostructures.
Organic matter concentration and characteristic dynamics in surface waters post-bushfires and cyclones: fDOM sensors for environmental monitoring and control
Authors: Daraei Hiua , Bertone Edoardo , Stewart Rodney A. , Awad John , Leavesley Adam , Gale Matthew , Jones Eriita , Cinque Kathy , Agnew Mark , Burger Hugh A. , Van Leeuwen John
Published: May 2024

Comparison of water quality and dissolved organic matter concentration and characteristics shortly after (within two weeks) versus nearly one year after the extreme climate events at the surface water sources studied.
Prussian blue analogues with Na2NixCoyMnzFe(CN)6-multimetallic structures as positive and hydrogen vanadate as negative electrodes in aqueous Na-ion batteries for solar energy storage applications
Authors: Naskar Pappu , Biswas Biplab , Laha Sourav , Banerjee Anjan
Published: May 2024

Multiple N-coordinated transition metals in Prussian blue analogues provide synergistic effects on the energy storage mechanisms. A Na-ion solar battery with Na2Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33Fe(CN)6//H2V3O8 configuration depicts satisfactory performances.
AI told you so: navigating protein structure prediction in the era of machine learning
Authors: Chaaban Sami , Ratkevičiūtė Giedrė , Lau Clinton
Published: May 2024

Every protein in our cells has evolved to fold into a specific structure to perform its functions. However, determining these structures experimentally is often challenging, in some cases taking years. Recently, machine-learning algorithms have been designed to predict a protein’s structure directly from its amino acid sequence in minutes to hours. Since the release of the first of these algorithms, AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold, several more have been developed. These have been complemented by tools that leverage the outputs to give structural context to biochemical data, screen for novel protein–protein interactions or even help solve experimental structures. In addition, several public resources have incorporated the predictions into their databases, making the data open to all. Here, we provide a user-focused perspective on machine-learning protein structure prediction, covering some of the popular applications and highlighting caveats. Used effectively, predictive programs offer the potential to speed up research and guide experimental design.
sFlt-1 impairs neurite growth and neuronal differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells and human neurons
Authors: Barron Aaron , Barrett Lauren , Tuulari Jetro J. , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , McCarthy Cathal M. , O'Keeffe Gerard W.
Published: May 2024

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy which is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in exposed offspring. The pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this relationship are currently unknown, and one potential candidate is the anti-angiogenic factor soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), which is highly elevated in PE. While sFlt-1 can impair angiogenesis via inhibition of VEGFA signalling, it is unclear whether it can directly affect neuronal development independently of its effects on the vasculature. To test this hypothesis, the current study differentiated the human neural progenitor cell (NPC) line ReNcell® VM into a mixed culture of mature neurons and glia, and exposed them to sFlt-1 during development. Outcomes measured were neurite growth, cytotoxicity, mRNA expression of nestin, MBP, GFAP, and βIII-tubulin, and neurosphere differentiation. sFlt-1 induced a significant reduction in neurite growth and this effect was timing- and dose-dependent up to 100 ng/ml, with no effect on cytotoxicity. sFlt-1 (100 ng/ml) also reduced βIII-tubulin mRNA and neuronal differentiation of neurospheres. Undifferentiated NPCs and mature neurons/glia expressed VEGFA and VEGFR-2, required for endogenous autocrine and paracrine VEGFA signalling, while sFlt-1 treatment prevented the neurogenic effects of exogenous VEGFA. Overall, these data provide the first experimental evidence for a direct effect of sFlt-1 on neurite growth and neuronal differentiation in human neurons through inhibition of VEGFA signalling, clarifying our understanding of the potential role of sFlt-1 as a mechanism by which PE can affect neuronal development.
Early fault detection for rolling bearings: A meta‐learning approach
Authors: Song Wenbin , Wu Di , Shen Weiming , Boulet Benoit
Published: May 2024

Early fault detection (EFD) of rolling bearings aims at detecting the early symptoms of faults by monitoring small deviations of health states. Accurate EFD enables predictive maintenance and contributes to the stability of mechanical systems. In recent years, machine learning based methods have shown impressive performance on EFD. Most of the current machine learning‐based methods assume the availability for a large amount of data. However, in practice, the authors may only have a very limited amount of training data, which makes it hard to learn a reliable machine learning model. To address this concern, in this work, the authors propose to tackle EFD via meta learning. Specifically, the authors first formulate EFD as a few‐shot learning problem and then propose to tackle this problem with a metric‐based meta learning method. Furthermore, ensemble learning is further leveraged to improve the detection robustness. For the proposed method, the distribution difference from the working conditions and the bearings are considered. The experimental results on two bearing datasets show that the proposed method can achieve better EFD performance, that is, detecting incipient faults earlier while bringing in lower false alarms, compared with several frequently used EFD methods.
MSO‐DETR: Metric space optimization for few‐shot object detection
Authors: Sima Haifeng , Wang Manyang , Liu Lanlan , Zhang Yudong , Sun Junding
Published: May 2024

In the metric‐based meta‐learning detection model, the distribution of training samples in the metric space has great influence on the detection performance, and this influence is usually ignored by traditional meta‐detectors. In addition, the design of metric space might be interfered with by the background noise of training samples. To tackle these issues, we propose a metric space optimisation method based on hyperbolic geometry attention and class‐agnostic activation maps. First, the geometric properties of hyperbolic spaces to establish a structured metric space are used. A variety of feature samples of different classes are embedded into the hyperbolic space with extremely low distortion. This metric space is more suitable for representing tree‐like structures between categories for image scene analysis. Meanwhile, a novel similarity measure function based on Poincaré distance is proposed to evaluate the distance of various types of objects in the feature space. In addition, the class‐agnostic activation maps (CCAMs) are employed to re‐calibrate the weight of foreground feature information and suppress background information. Finally, the decoder processes the high‐level feature information as the decoding of the query object and detects objects by predicting their locations and corresponding task encodings. Experimental evaluation is conducted on Pascal VOC and MS COCO datasets. The experiment results show that the effectiveness of the authors’ method surpasses the performance baseline of the excellent few‐shot detection models.
An online updated linear power flow model based on regression learning
Authors: An Molin , Lu Tianguang , Han Xueshan
Published: May 2024

The linear power flow (LPF) model is widely used in the optimization, operation, and control of distribution networks. These applications require the LPF model to be accurate, fast, and simple in order to simplify calculations as well as to efficiently perform operations and scheduling. In addition, it is difficult to realize the online update of parameters in the existing LPF models. The model retraining brings serious data burden and inefficiency. To serve these applications and comply with requirements, a brand new LPF model is proposed in this paper. A quadratic power flow model is trained by regression learning first, and then the proposed LPF model is derived by Taylor expansion. After only one initial regression learning, the proposed LPF model no longer needs retraining when updated. The refreshed parameter is simply updated online according to the real‐time measurement data, which improves the generalization ability. In conclusion, the proposed LPF model is accurate, generalizable, and greatly minimizes the data consumption and running time. Performance analysis verifies these superiorities.
Quantum model of galactic halos with an Navarro–Frenk–White dark matter profile
Authors: Musielak Z. E.
Published: May 2024

Context. A quantum model of a cold dark matter galactic halo is developed. The model requires specifying the mass and radius of the halo as well as its density profile. The structure of the halo resulting from the theory is predicted and its physical properties are determined. Verification of these theoretical predictions by observations is proposed and discussed.

Aims. The model is constructed by analytically solving the governing equation and using its time-independent solutions to determine the internal structure of a galactic halo with an Navarro–Frenk–White cold dark matter density profile.

Methods. The governing equation that is the basis of the developed theory is derived from the irreducible representations of the extended Galilean group. The method of finding the solutions is analytical, even though an Navarro–Frenk–White density profile is used in the calculations.

Results. The theory predicts a halo with a core composed of free dark matter particles that move randomly with frequent collisions. It also predicts an envelope in which the particles are confined to their orbits, which are quantized. Except in the close vicinity of the core, the population of the orbits remains fixed, and physical reasons for the nonexistence of quantum jumps between these orbits are presented.

Conclusions. A quantum model of a galactic cold dark matter halo with a given Navarro–Frenk–White density profile is constructed. It predicts a quantum structure of the halo that is significantly different than any previously known dark matter model. The quantum model naturally accounts for dark matter being collisionless, and it predicts that dark matter can only emit radiation of one fixed frequency. The values of this frequency are computed for dark matter particles of different masses. A potential observational verification of the theory is also discussed.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Sicilia D. , Scandariato G. , Guilluy G. , Esposito M. , Borsa F. , Stangret M. , Di Maio C. , Lanza A. F. , Bonomo A. S. , Desidera S. , Fossati L. , Nardiello D. , Sozzetti A. , Malavolta L. , Nascimbeni V. , Rainer M. , D’Arpa M. C. , Mancini L. , Singh V. , Zingales T. , Affer L. , Bignamini A. , Claudi R. , Colombo S. , Cosentino R. , Ghedina A. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Molinaro M. , Pagano I. , Piotto G.
Published: May 2024

Context. HAT-P-67 b is one of the lowest-density gas giants known to date, making it an excellent target for atmospheric characterisation through the transmission spectroscopy technique.

Aims. In the framework of the GAPS large programme, we collected four transit events of HAT-P-67 b with the aim of studying the exoplanet atmosphere and deriving the orbital projected obliquity.

Methods. We exploited the high-precision GIARPS (GIANO-B + HARPS-N) observing mode of the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) along with additional archival TESS photometry to explore the activity level of the host star. We performed transmission spec-troscopy, both in the visible (VIS) and in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range, and we analysed the Rossiter–McLaughlin (RML) effect when fitting both the radial velocities and the Doppler shadow. Based on the TESS photometry, we redetermined the transit parameters of HAT-P-67 b.

Results. By modelling the RML effect, we derived a sky-projected obliquity of (2.2 ± 0.4)°, indicating an aligned planetary orbit. The chromospheric activity index log R′HK, the CCF profile, and the variability in the transmission spectrum of the Hα line suggest that the host star shows signatures of stellar activity and/or pulsation. We found no evidence of atomic or molecular species in the optical transmission spectra, with the exception of pseudo-signals corresponding to Cr I, Fe I, Ha, Na I, and Ti I. In the NIR range, we found an absorption signal of the He I triplet of 5.56−0.30+0.29% (19.0σ), corresponding to an effective planetary radius of ~3 Rp (where Rp ~ 2 RJ), which extends beyond the planet’s Roche lobe radius.

Conclusions. Owing to the stellar variability and the high uncertainty of the model, we could not confirm the planetary origin of the signals found in the optical transmission spectrum. On the other hand, we were able to confirm previous detections of the infrared He I triplet, providing a 19.0σ detection. Our finding indicates that the planet’s atmosphere is evaporating.
Peering into cosmic reionization: Lyα visibility evolution from galaxies at z = 4.5–8.5 with JWST
Authors: Napolitano L. , Pentericci L. , Santini P. , Calabrò A. , Mascia S. , Llerena M. , Castellano M. , Dickinson M. , Finkelstein S. L. , Amorín R. , Arrabal Haro P. , Bagley M. , Bhatawdekar R. , Cleri N. J. , Davis K. , Gardner J. P. , Gawiser E. , Giavalisco M. , Hathi N. , Holwerda B. W. , Hu W. , Jung I. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Koekemoer A. M. , Larson R. L. , Merlin E. , Mobasher B. , Papovich C. , Park H. , Pirzkal N. , Trump J. R. , Wilkins S. M. , Yung L. Y. A.
Published: May 2024

The resonant scattering interaction between Lyα photons and neutral hydrogen implies that a partially neutral intergalactic medium has the ability to significantly impact the detectability of Lyα emission in galaxies. Thus, the redshift evolution of the Lyα equivalent width distribution of galaxies offers a key observational probe of the degree of ionization during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Previous in-depth investigations at z ≥ 7 were limited by ground-based instrument capabilities. We present an extensive study of the evolution of Lyα emission from galaxies at 4.5 < z < 8.5, observed as part of the CEERS and JADES surveys in the JWST NIRSpec/PRISM configuration. The sample consists of 235 galaxies in the redshift range of 4.1 < z < 9.9. We identified 65 of them as Lyα emitters. We first measured the Lyα escape fractions from Lyα to Balmer line flux ratios and explored the correlations with the inferred galaxies’ physical properties, which are similar to those found at lower redshift. We also investigated the possible connection between the escape of Lyα photons and the inferred escape fractions of LyC photons obtained from indirect indicators, finding no secure correlation. We then analyzed the redshift evolution of the Lyα emitter fraction, finding lower average values at z = 5 and 6 compared to previous ground-based observations. At z = 7, the GOODS-S results are aligned with previous findings, whereas the visibility in the EGS field appears to be enhanced. This discrepancy in Lyα visibility between the two fields could potentially be attributed to the presence of early reionized regions in the EGS. Such a broad variance is also expected in the Cosmic Dawn II radiation-hydrodynamical simulation. The average Lyα emitter fraction obtained from the CEERS+JADES data continues to increase from z = 5 to 7, ultimately declining at z = 8. This suggests a scenario in which the ending phase of the EoR is characterized by ∼1 pMpc ionized bubbles around a high fraction of moderately bright galaxies. Finally, we characterize such two ionized regions found in the EGS at z = 7.18 and z = 7.49 by estimating the radius of the ionized bubble that each of the spectroscopically-confirmed members could have created.
Laboratory and astronomical discovery of cyanothioketene, NCCHCS, in the cold starless core TMC-1
Authors: Cabezas C. , Agúndez M. , Endo Y. , Tercero B. , Lee Y.-P. , Marcelino N. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: May 2024

We present the detection of cyanothioketene, NCCHCS, in the laboratory and toward TMC-1. This transient species was produced through a discharge of a gas mixture of CH2CHCN and CS2 using argon as carrier gas, and its rotational spectrum between 9 and 40 GHz was characterized using a Balle-Flygare narrowband-type Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. A total of 21 rotational transitions were detected in the laboratory, all of them exhibiting hyperfine structure induced by the spin of the N nucleus. The spectrum for NCCHCS was predicted in the domain of our line surveys using the derived rotational and distortion constants. The detection in the cold starless core TMC-1 was based on the QUIJOTE1 line survey performed with the Yebes 40 m radio telescope. Twenty-three lines were detected with Ka = 0, 1, and 2 and Ju = 9 up to 14. The derived column density is (1.2 ± 0.1)×1011 cm−2 for a rotational temperature of 8.5 ± 1.0 K. The abundance ratio of thioketene and its cyano derivative, H2CCS/NCCHCS, is 6.5 ± 1.3. Although ketene is more abundant than thioketene by ∼15 times, its cyano derivative NCCHCO surprisingly is not detected with a 3σ upper level to the column density of 3.0 × 1010 cm−2, which results in an abundance ratio H2CCO/NCCHCO > 430. Hence, the chemistry of CN derivatives seems to be more favored for S-bearing than for O-bearing molecules. We carried out chemical modeling calculations and found that the gas-phase neutral-neutral reactions CCN + H2CS and CN + H2CCS could be a source of NCCHCS in TMC-1.
A preliminary investigation of associated chemicals in cigarette butt waste from the tourist beach area of North Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Yogaswara Deny , Cordova Muhammad Reza , Shofarudin Ukis
Published: May 2024

Cigarette butts are among the most common and problematic forms of marine litter. However, there is limited research on the occurrence, abundance, and potential chemicals associated with cigarette butt waste in the environment. The study focused on investigating the occurrence, abundance, and chemical composition of cigarette butt waste on Ancol Beach, Jakarta, Indonesia, addressing a gap in knowledge regarding this prevalent and problematic form of marine litter. Despite Ancol Beach’s regular cleaning efforts, cigarette butt waste was still widespread with an abundance of 1.136 pcs/m2. However, this cigarette butt waste number is still less abundant compared to other regions. Chemical analysis of the cigarette butt waste revealed the presence of various chemical groups, notably aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding and mitigating the environmental repercussions of the chemicals associated with cigarette butt waste and microplastic particles on the coastal ecosystem. Further research is urged to delve deeper into the emerging chemical pollutants present in cigarette butt waste spread in the coastal environments.
Research trend on marine zooplankton in Indonesian Waters: A systematic review
Authors: Mulyadi Hanung Agus , Bengen Dietriech Geoffrey , Mulyadi  , Krisanti Majariana , Maddupa Hawis , Sani Lalu Mukhsin Iqbal , Ruli Fismatman
Published: May 2024

Research on marine zooplankton in Indonesian waters was conducted in the 19th century. However, there is limited information regarding evaluating the research trends and notable scientists involved in this area. This study aims to know the research trend on marine zooplankton research in Indonesian waters. This study analyzed publications that were included in the Scopus database from 1900 to 2021. A systematic review was undertaken using a three-stage procedure including identification, screening, and final following PRISMA chart. The final list was analysed in terms of topics of research, keywoards, location, time of publication, and authorship.. We found that the research trend was changed. During the early stages of the study, there was a prevalent focus on studying both taxonomy copepods and parasite Copepods. However, in recent times, there has been a shift towards favoring the plankton ecology. Despite being a hotspot for marine biodiversity, Indonesia only had a few taxonomists, therefore it was overlooked when marine zooplankton was discovered in its seas. We also found that most of the new finding species come from copepods whereas the other taxa of zooplankton remain undescribed or misidentification. Additionally, young scientists pay less attention to the study of taxonomy. To address these problems, priority is given to intensive training for early-career scientists. Comprehensive approaches using morphological traits and genetic tools will solve this issue.
Analysis of the Impact of Drought Characteristics Change on Natural Ecological Environment in the West of Hexi Corridor
Authors: Chonghua Zhang , Jun Zhou , Jiaguo Gong
Published: May 2024

The plant communities and wild animals in the Gobi desert outside the oases in the west of Hexi Corridor are an indispensable and important part of the human living environment. Affected by global warming, the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of precipitation have changed significantly. This article uses daily precipitation data from 6 hydro-logical stations in the middle and lower reaches of the Shule River Basin from 1957 to 2018, and daily precipitation data from 3 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2018. Through research on annual scale precipitation anomaly percentage, effective precipitation days and annual distribution, and drought station frequency ratio and other parameters, it is shown that there is a significant change in precipitation distribution within the year. The distribution of effective precipitation is not conducive to the survival of ecosystems, and seasonal drought is on the rise. The trend of continuous drought in two seasons and three seasons is on the rise, and the evolution of drought has a significant impact on the natural ecological environment. Effective rainfall is a key element in the rise and fall, distribution, and change of natural ecosystems. Studying the impact of changes in drought characteristics on natural ecology is of great significance for actively responding to drought disasters and maintaining basic ecology.
Prediction Study on the Impact of Engineering Waste Rocks on Water Quality During Reservoir Construction
Authors: Gao Ya , Tao Hong , Li Feipang , Han Bangjun
Published: May 2024

The impact of dammed reservoirs on the local ecological environment during the operational phases has garnered significant attention. However, there is limited research on the ecological risks posed by reservoirs during the construction period, particularly regarding the waste rock at the bottom of the reservoir. Based on the results of release experiment, the water quality risks of engineering waste rocks to reservoirs were analyzed by a three-dimensional model using the MIKE 3 FM HD and ECO Lab module. The calculation results showed that as the waste rock yards are inundated, SO42− and Fe3+ in the reservoir are released and gradually affecting the water quality in the area in front of the dam. During the process of water storage, the release of pollutants from the waste rocks at the bottom of the reservoir had a significant impact on the underlying water body after two months and then spread from the bottom to the upper layer of water. After three months of water storage, when the water level of the reservoir reached 867 meters, the pollutants released by the waste rock had an impact on the surface water quality. After four months, the release of pollutants from the waste rock yards essentially ceased, and the pollutants gradually accumulated in the bottom water body in front of the dam after dilution and diffusion. In the future, special attention should still be given to the risk assessment of pollutants in the bottom sediments during long-term operation and management of the reservoir.
Global Patterns and Ecological Effects of Drought Intensification: A Multiscale Analysis
Authors: Shen Xiping , Wang Xueyan , Jiang Fengfei , Li Shiqian , Wang Anqi
Published: May 2024

This study delineates the criteria for identifying different types of droughts based on root zone soil moisture deficits, categorizing them into sudden, general, and creeping droughts. By employing an adapted version of the drought detection method proposed by Yuan et al., drought events were analyzed across 26 IPCC-SREX regions using historical soil moisture data. Our findings demonstrate that sudden droughts, which entail a rapid decline in soil moisture, predominantly occur in climatic hotspots and have shown an increasing trend over the past four decades, particularly in Central Europe and South Asia. The research also explores the seasonality of droughts, noting that flash droughts typically align with the growing season, while creep droughts often commence later in the year, potentially affecting vegetation growth in subsequent seasons. The ecological impact assessment, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), reveals a lag in vegetation response to rapid water stress, with a marked decline in health by the end of the drought onset phase. These results underscore the varying ecological responses to drought intensification and contribute to a better understanding of their global patterns and impacts.
Review of Solid Waste Resource Utilization for Brick-making
Authors: Ge Haoran , Zhang Jiyong , Wu Zuoan
Published: May 2024

The utilization of solid waste resources is an essential strategy in the pursuit of sustainable development. Among the various techniques used for solid waste treatment, brick-making technology stands out as a key approach to facilitate the utilization of solid waste resources. This article provides a comprehensive review and summary of the recent research progress in the field of solid waste resource utilization for brick-making. It mainly focuses on the current state and technological advancements in brick-making using solid waste. Considering the influence of different external factors and variations in brick-making raw materials, this study employs the Citespace software to conduct co-word and clustering analysis, with “resource utilization” as the primary keyword. Furthermore, it introduces the brick-making technology utilizing sludge and red mud as raw materials, while also elaborating on advanced techniques and practical experiences in utilizing industrial and urban solid waste as raw materials. Additionally, the article presents an overview of the key development trends in this field and puts forward several recommendations for future research to aid designers in furthering their investigation.
Synergistic low-temperature plasma (DBD) treatment of n-hexane gas
Authors: Liu Kai , Li Sai , Han Jinjin , Li Qi , Liao Guangning , Xin Zeyi
Published: May 2024

The experiment is based on a single dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma generator, using micro-discharge to produce non-equilibrium plasma synergizing with two different catalysts (TiO2, 4A molecular sieve) to decompose n-hexane gas. In the n-hexane degradation experiment, the study investigates the influence of factors such as the type of catalyst, discharge voltage, and flow rate on the degradation rate of n-hexane. The experiments revealed that in all synergistic experiments with catalysts, the degradation rate of n-hexane increased with the decrease in flow rate and with the increase in voltage. Among the four catalysts selected, the 4A molecular sieve catalyst showed the best removal effect for n-hexane gas, reaching 73.2%.
Measurement of Rock Deformation Parameters - Estimation of Stacked Fusion Model of Young’s Modulus
Authors: Chen Wei , Lv Qiang , Zheng Feng , Huang Zhen , Hao Guoqiang
Published: May 2024

Rock Young’s modulus is an essential parameter for formation stress characterization and oil and gas reservoir evaluation work and plays an important role in oil drilling-related engineering type work. Aiming at the problems of doubtful confidence in Young’s modulus measurements, time-consuming computation, and high measurement cost in oil drilling, this paper proposed Young’s modulus estimation method based on the Stacking fusion model. The method first processed the downhole vibration data to obtain its time-domain feature data and then used the time-domain feature data as the input to the fusion model while used the rock Young’s modulus data as the model output. The model learner used consists of three base learners, ANN, XGBoost, and CatBoost, with MLR as the model meta-learner. The mapping relationship between the time-domain features and Young’s modulus was established by this method, and the prediction and estimation of Young’s modulus parameters of the rock were finally realized. The results showed that the average absolute error (MAE) of the fused Stacking model was 0.2502 and the goodness-of-fit (R2) was 0.9691. Compared with other single models, the fused model based on Stacking had the advantage of being able to combine each single model, which provided a new method for estimation and prediction of Young’s modulus of rocks.
Research on Carbon Emission Accounting and Emission Reduction Route of Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Qian Xinfeng , Wang Xin , Li Dacai , Wu Kefeng
Published: May 2024

The power industry is a major contributor to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, which accounting for 40% of total domestic carbon emission. Based on the carbon emission accounting method, this paper conducts carbon emission accounting for a number of power generation enterprises, analyses and concludes that the carbon quota allocation is being tightened year by year, proposed countermeasures and emission reduction routes in terms of carbon asset management and carbon reduction technology research. According to the actual situation of a coal-fired power plant in Anhui province, different carbon reduction routes are developed, among which photovoltaic power generation project has the most impressive economic benefits, but carbon capture project has the largest carbon reduction benefits. Under the premise of similar initial investment between the two projects, the carbon reduction brought by the latter is 5 times that of the former. It is suggested to choose the “new energy power generation+carbon capture and utilization” coupling technical route, which can improve the flexible operation of thermal power units and the absorption rate of new energy, and achieve efficient decarbonization. It provides a sustainable development technical route with both economic and environmental benefits for the low-carbon process.
Decoupling Analysis of Urban Growth and Carbon Emissions in Wuhan, 2000-2020
Authors: Liu Yulian , Zhong Jingwen , Liu Zhongwei , Liang Youjia
Published: May 2024

The analysis of the coupling relationship between urban growth and carbon emissions and its synergistic change rule is of great significance to the sustainable development of cities. The BCI index method is used to extract the scope of built-up areas of Wuhan from 2000 to 2020, and the relationship between urban growth and carbon emissions is analyzed based on the Tapio decoupling model. The results show that: (i) The built-up areas of Wuhan City expanded from 2000 to 2020 in all directions with Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang as the center, forming a stable monocentric urban spatial structure. The growth of the built-up areas exhibited stage characteristics, including a clear start, acceleration, high-speed growth, and deceleration. (ii) The carbon emissions of Wuhan City from 2000 to 2020 showed an overall growth trend. Three districts, Jiangxia, Huangpi and Hongshan, become high-emission districts, three districts, Caidian, Dongxihu and Xinzhou, become higher-emission districts, and the other seven districts maintain a lower level of carbon emissions; (iii) The carbon emissions and expansion of built-up areas in Wuhan city districts from 2000 to 2020 show obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneity. They present a decoupling of aggregation in the central area and some regression in the periphery, but the overall trend is favorable. The study provides useful references for urban planning and policy making.
Application analysis based on solar grid-connected photovoltaic power generation and intermittent energy storage system
Authors: Yuan Wenzhao , Wang Wengfeng , Liu Jinsong
Published: May 2024

Solar photovoltaic power generation as a building electrical professional in the energy use of important technical means, through the realisation of photovoltaic conversion, can be a large amount of light energy transmission to the building application, once the electrical energy surplus is too much, but also can be transmitted to the power grid use. Based on this, the article takes the solar photovoltaic power generation system as the basis, comprehensively analyses the operation principle and basic characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation, summarizes the main influencing factors of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation, as well as the impact of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation on the grid, and researches on applying automation technology to solar photovoltaic power generation, such as photovoltaic buildings, DC inverters, reactive power compensation, etc., so as to comprehensively improve the grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency and provide a constant source of energy for buildings. Solar thermal power generation technology is another kind of solar power generation technology besides photovoltaic power generation. It is a renewable energy generation method that integrates solar thermal conversion power generation, large-scale heat storage and the characteristics of power grid synchronmachine. According to the influence of different intermittent heat load fluctuation characteristics on the design of solar heat collection and heat storage system, the design method of heat collection and heat storage of intermittent solar heating system is established. The operation characteristics of solar energy system in three typical intermittent heating modes are compared and analyzed. It provides the design method and operation optimization strategy for the efficient utilization of solar heating system.