bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development, Crash Testing, and Evaluation of Portable Concrete Barriers Gap-Spanning Hardware
Authors: Ruskamp Riley J. , Asadollahi Pajouh Mojdeh , Bielenberg Robert W. , Rosenbaugh Scott K. , Faller Ronald K.
Published: May 2022

Portable concrete barriers (PCBs) are commonly used to protect work-zone personnel and to shield motorists from hazards in construction areas. It is not uncommon to encounter longitudinal gaps within PCB installations resulting from the practice of constructing and connecting the barriers from different ends during setup or contractor operations. Longitudinal gaps can also be created by tensioning issues following an impact event. These gaps can range from 6 in. to a full barrier segment length of 12.5 ft. Longitudinal gaps between adjacent installations of PCB systems pose a serious safety concern for the errant motorist. Therefore, a need existed to develop a treatment capable of shielding the longitudinal gaps that occur between adjacent installations of PCB systems. In this research, design concepts for the gap-spanning hardware were conceived, and two design concepts were selected for further investigation and refinement through LS-DYNA computer simulation. Based on simulation results and input from the Midwest Pooled Fund Program member states, the design concept utilizing nested thrie-beam spanning the gap was chosen for full-scale crash testing under Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware 2016 (MASH 2016). Two tests were conducted to MASH test no. 3-11 to evaluate the length of need of the system, as well as the transition from the gap-spanning hardware to the PCBs. In both tests, the 2270P vehicle was contained and safely redirected. Recommendations are provided for system implementation and future installation with current PCB systems.
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian School-Aged Children: Sleep-Related Difficulties and Trauma Reactions
Authors: Curatola Antonietta , Ferretti Serena , Gatto Antonio , Valentini Piero , Giugno Giulia , Della Marca Giacomo , Brunetti Valerio , Lazzareschi Ilaria
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental and physical health of the world population. This study aims to investigate incidence of sleep-related difficulties and post-traumatic stress disorder in the school-aged children after 1 year of the pandemic.

Methods

A sample of Italian children (6-12 years) was queried about their sleep behaviors after 1 year of the pandemic, answering the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). We also evaluated trauma symptoms with the Children's Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8).

Results

Among 205 participants, 184 (89.8%) presented sleep-related difficulties. Out of all, 99 (48.3%) had a high risk to develop post-traumatic stress disorder. Ninety-five (51.6%) children with sleep-related difficulties also presented an abnormal CRIES-8 total score. A correlation was found between the CSHQ total score and the CRIES-8 total score ( r = 0.354, P < .01).

Conclusions

The sleep-related difficulties occurring during COVID-19 outbreak may compound to increase the risk to develop post-traumatic stress disorder among Italian children.
Associations among Intimate Partner Violence, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Disordered Eating among Women Intimate Partner Violence Survivors Residing in Shelter
Authors: Holmes Samantha C. , King Kiarra C. , Gonzalez Alejandra , Norton Marisa K. , Silver Kristin E. , Sullivan Tami P. , Johnson Dawn M.
Published: May 2022

Previous research has not assessed the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and disordered eating (DE), nor the potential indirect effect through posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, among residents of IPV shelters. Among 212 IPV survivors, this study examined these and the differential associations by PTSD symptom cluster and types of DE. In the current sample, 67.9% met criteria for probable PTSD, 20.3% met criteria for a probable eating disorder, and 18.4% had probable comorbid diagnoses. Consistent with escape theory, there was an indirect effect of IPV on DE through PTSD symptoms. Additionally, there was an indirect effect of IPV on weight/shape concerns and binge symptoms through PTSD symptoms. Although there was a significant total effect of IPV on compensatory behaviors, there was no indirect effect through PTSD symptoms. When PTSD symptom clusters were examined concurrently, the only indirect effect of IPV on weight/shape concerns was via the PTSD symptom cluster of negative alterations in cognition and mood. Although there was an indirect effect of IPV on binge symptoms via PTSD symptoms overall, no specific PTSD symptom cluster drove this association. Implications highlight the need for attention to DE within this population. Consistent with escape theory, survivors’ DE might serve to distract from psychological distress.
Understanding of Majority Opinion Formation in Online Environments Through Statistical Analysis of News, Documentary, and Comedy YouTube Channels
Authors: Ha Taehyun
Published: May 2022

Social networking services have been placed where people share opinions and information about various topics. These services allow users to express their opinions in direct (e.g., writing a comment or reply) and indirect ways (e.g., clicking a Like button). Based on commending, replying, and liking activities, users construct majority opinions in online environments. Previous studies examined perceptual and behavioral characteristics in the circumstance of majority opinions but only few of them provided how they differ depending on content types. Based on three different types of YouTube channels (news, documentary, and comedy), this study addresses how statistical properties of user opinions and majority opinions in online environments are presented differently depending on types of content. Based on the results of statistical analyses, we provide detailed properties of user activities in three types of YouTube channels and discuss several theoretical and practical implications.
20th Century Puerto Rico and Later-Life Health: The Association Between Multigenerational Education and Chronic Conditions in Island-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Colón-López Alejandra , García Catherine
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

Previous research on the association between education and older adult health in the U.S. has not included Puerto Rico. We investigated the effects of multigenerational educational attainment and chronic conditions among older Puerto Ricans residing on the archipelago’s main island.

Methods:

Data were from the longitudinal Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Project. Generalized Poisson regression models were used to examine if multigenerational educational attainment was associated with chronic disease.

Results:

Findings show that parental educational attainment was associated with fewer chronic conditions among females at baseline but not at follow-up, suggesting that the effects of parental education on health over time are less pronounced. For males, educational attainment across the three generations was not significantly associated with chronic disease at baseline or follow-up.

Discussion:

Multigenerational education is an important determinant of older adult health that continues to be relevant in Puerto Rico and the Latin American and Hispanic-Caribbean region.
Reduction of lead time in an automobile rubber components manufacturing process through value stream mapping
Authors: Pradeep A , Balaji K
Published: May 2022

Increasing demand for cost reduction triggers an organisation to focus on optimisation of all the resources and efficiency improvement. Value stream mapping (VSM) finds application in the manufacturing process for achieving this result. VSM is one of the lean manufacturing tools for the identification and reduction of waste in an organisation. This article provides a case study on application of VSM in a automotive rubber parts manufacturing industry where oil seal is produced and supplied to vehicle manufacturers. Purpose of this research is collecting the performance data of the organisation, analyse the gap, apply VSM technique and measure the improved performance. Conceptual framework developed for employees to understand the overall concept and for future researcher to directly apply relevant leans tools for particular problems. As a result of the implementation of VSM, there is a reduction in lead time and waste by increasing the number of cavities from 30 to 36 in curing machine, providing interlock system in curing machine, introducing 3.7 m3 oven, auto trimming machine, magnetic flash separator, auto spring fitting machine, modification of inspection table and packing stacker in the manufacturing process. After implementation there was 81% reduction in lead time, 38% reduction in cycle time, 70% reduction in setup changeover time, 91% reduction in work in process (WIP) inventory and 90% reduction in scrap leading to 69.6% increase in process cycle efficiency by reducing breakdown, setup changeover time and implementing kanban system. Results indicates that implementation of lean tools improves the performance of the organisation.
Effect of binary mixed-surfactants and hybrid nanofluid on spray cooling heat transfer
Authors: Singh Sukhdeep , Kukreja Rajeev
Published: May 2022

The present study emphasizes the spray-cooling enhancement of a copper heater block of 10 mm2 cross-sectional area with binary mixed surfactant based fluid and hybrid nanofluid using a pressure swirl nozzle with an orifice size of 0.51 mm. The experiments have been carried out at two distinct fluid input temperatures of 27 °C and 42 °C, with a volumetric flux of 3.50 cm3/cm2s. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (polymer surfactant), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic surfactant), Tween-20 (a nonionic surfactant) have been used as binary mixed surfactant systems in distilled water. The best performance has been obtained with SDS:Tween-20, which resulted in a maximum heat flux of 264 W/cm2 and a heat transfer coefficient of 3.59 W/cm2K. When compared to distilled water, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 32.2%, but only by 25.2% and 18.1% with PVP:Tween-20 and SDS:PVP surfactant solutions. Further, the effect of a hybrid nanofluid, which is a colloidal mixture of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and MWCNTs (multi-walled carbon nanotubes) in distilled water, has been studied to better understand spray cooling heat transfer enhancement. Heat transfer was first enhanced by the hybrid nanofluid and then decreased as the volume concentration was increased from 0.1% to 0.3%. A maximum heat flux of 234 W/cm2 and a heat transfer coefficient of 3.15 W/cm2K has been achieved, with a heat transfer coefficient improvement of nearly 27.3% compared to distilled water. However, the mixed surfactant system outperformed, giving nearly 12.8% improvement in heat flux values. It has been observed that low surface tension resulted in high heat transfer rates. Furthermore, the effect of 15 °C subcooling on heat transfer performance has been investigated. A new correlation to find Nusselt number is proposed in terms of Reynolds number, Weber number and Prandtl number with a mean absolute error of 7.16%.
Active nonlinear vibration control of a membrane solar array structure
Authors: Liu Xiang , Lv Lianglinag , Cai Guoping
Published: May 2022

Membrane solar array has attracted a lot of attentions in recent years because of the advantage of light-weight, low-cost, and high-folding-ratio. Meanwhile, the membrane solar array structure also pose challenging large-amplitude vibration issue which will impact the performance of the spacecraft significantly. In this paper, active nonlinear vibration control of a membrane solar array structure is studied. Based on the nonlinear finite element method, a nonlinear dynamic model of the structure is established. The optimal positions of piezoelectric actuators are determined by optimizing a controllability optimization criterion with Particle Swarm Optimizer algorithm. An active controller is designed to suppress the undesired nonlinear vibration based on the linearized dynamic model by using the LQR control method. Simulation results show that the designed active controller can suppress the nonlinear vibration of the membrane solar array structure effectively, and the optimally placed actuators can produce better control effect with smaller control inputs.
Navigable Space and Traversable Edges Differentially Influence Reorientation in Sighted and Blind Mice
Authors: Normandin Marc E. , Garza Maria C. , Ramos-Alvarez Manuel Miguel , Julian Joshua B. , Eresanara Tuoyo , Punjaala Nishanth , Vasquez Juan H. , Lopez Matthew R. , Muzzio Isabel A.
Published: May 2022

Reorientation enables navigators to regain their bearings after becoming lost. Disoriented individuals primarily reorient themselves using the geometry of a layout, even when other informative cues, such as landmarks, are present. Yet the specific strategies that animals use to determine geometry are unclear. Moreover, because vision allows subjects to rapidly form precise representations of objects and background, it is unknown whether it has a deterministic role in the use of geometry. In this study, we tested sighted and congenitally blind mice ( Ns = 8–11) in various settings in which global shape parameters were manipulated. Results indicated that the navigational affordances of the context—the traversable space—promote sampling of boundaries, which determines the effective use of geometric strategies in both sighted and blind mice. However, blind animals can also effectively reorient themselves using 3D edges by extensively patrolling the borders, even when the traversable space is not limited by these boundaries.
LncRNA HOXC-AS3 overexpression inhibits TGF-β2-induced colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion by sponging miR-1269
Authors: Zhang Tong-tong , Chen Hai-peng , Yu Su-yang , Zhao Shi-peng
Published: May 2022

Objective

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOXC-AS3 has been characterized as a cancer-related lncRNA in many types of cancer, while its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown.

Methods

The expression of HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2 were detected by RT-qPCR. Overexpression assays were performed to explore the interaction between HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2. A follow-up study was performed to explore the prognostic value of HOXC-AS3 for CRC. The direct interaction between HOXC-AS3 and miR-1269 was assessed with RNA-RNA pulldown assay. Transwell assays were performed to determine the role of HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2 in regulating CRC cell invasion and migration.

Results

HOXC-AS3 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues, while TGF-β2 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to that in adjacent non-cancer tissues of CRC patients. The follow-up study showed that low expression levels of HOXC-AS3 in CRC tissues were closely correlated with poor survival. Correlation analysis showed that HOXC-AS3 and TGF-β2 were inversely correlated across CRC tissues but not non-cancer tissues. Overexpression of HOXC-AS3 in the two cell lines resulted in downregulation of TGF-β2, while the expression of HOXC-AS3 was not affected by TGF-β2. Transwell migration and invasion assay showed that overexpression of TGF-β2 increased cell invasion and migration, while overexpression of HOXC-AS3 decreased cell migration and invasion. In addition, overexpression of HOXC-AS3 attenuated the effects of overexpression of TGF-β2. MiR-1269 increased the expression of TGF-β2. HOXC-AS3 directly interacted with miR-1269 in CRC cells.

Conclusions

Upregulation of HOXC-AS3 inhibited TGF-β2-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) cell migration and invasion possibly by sponging miR-1269.
Towards “Business Accountability” Framework: A Comparative Case Study of Global Viscose Fiber Manufacturers
Authors: Pandey Sharadindu
Published: May 2022

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is largely on a volunteer basis and sometimes compulsive, irrespective of the tangible social cost. The present study attempts to explore a corporate social accountability model where environment and cost to society (after adjusting the volunteer/stipulated mitigation measures by the industry and capturing the just expectations of the stakeholders) are balanced by the push and pull forces like a lever. The study has significance in making shareholders, partners, and stakeholders more satisfied than the traditional approach of corporate responsibility. The study explores that the social costs of industrial activities may be much more than what is being charged through mandatory commitment on ethical terms. A policy delineating the lines of ethical commitment and commitment originating from compliance may be more effective and can promote competitiveness among the corporations to minimize social costs without compromising cleaner production and industrial efficiency.
Effects of Medicaid Expansions 2001–2015 on Supplemental Security Income Program Participation Among Childless Adults
Authors: Burns Marguerite , Dague Laura , Wood Elizabeth , Kennedy Jae
Published: May 2022

Growing research indicates that Medicaid expansions reduce Supplemental Security Income (SSI) participation, although the magnitude of effects may vary with the presence of other health policy reforms. We examine how a series of Medicaid expansions for childless adults before and after implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) impact SSI participation among childless adults. We use the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to compare the change in SSI participation in states that expanded Medicaid coverage relative to those that did not during two time periods: 2001–2013 and 2001–2015. On average, SSI participation declined by a nonstatistically significant 0.10 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.54, 0.32]) from a baseline SSI participation rate of 2.2% following Medicaid expansions implemented between 2001 and 2015. When restricted to the pre-ACA era, SSI participation declined by a nonstatistically significant 0.30 percentage points (95% CI = [−0.77, 0.16]). Although the direction of the point estimates suggests that Medicaid expansions before and after implementation of the ACA may be associated with reduced SSI participation, the imprecision of the estimates due in part to the sample size precludes this conclusion. To guide states in decision-making, it is essential to understand how increased Medicaid availability impacts SSI participation under different policy environments.
Design and experimental validation of an exponentially tapering width rotational piezoelectric vibration energy harvester
Authors: Chand Rakesh Ranjan , Tyagi Amit
Published: May 2022

The efficiency of any rotational piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (RVEH) can be improved by redesigning its host beam and making provision for self-tuning the harvester’s natural frequency with the rotational driving frequency. This article presents the design and analysis of an exponentially tapering width RVEH. The parameters for the proposed harvester’s natural frequency characteristics are acknowledged, and their effects on the peak open-circuit (OC) voltage response are discussed. A mathematical model of the system is formulated using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton’s principle. Galerkin’s technique is used to acquire the system’s mass normalized mode shapes in matrix form. The proposed mathematical model is verified through ANSYS Mechanical APDL simulations and experimental methods. The harvester’s responses are obtained through MATLAB code. The two types of parameters that modify the harvester’s fundamental frequency are identified and analyzed. The proposed harvester delivered an improved power density (PD) of 5.27 [Formula: see text] and a performance amplification factor (PAF) of 3.14, operating at 7.968 Hz.
Investigation of boundary flexibility on the performance of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting beam systems by DTFM
Authors: Amoozegar Shahram , Tan Chin An
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of boundary flexibility on the performance of piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PVEH) beam systems, which has not been studied comprehensively in the literature despite its importance. The coupled electromechanical equations of motion of a piezoelectric cantilever beam with a tip mass are established, with the base boundary constrained by translational and rotational springs. An exact closed-form solution of the frequency response function (FRF) of the PVEH is obtained by the distributed transfer function method (DTFM). The DTFM is a systematic powerful tool for the dynamic analysis of distributed parameter continua with non-classical boundary conditions, intermediate constraints, coupled fields, and non-proportional damping without adding much complexity to the solution formulation. Moreover, the DTFM computes the derivatives of the response, that is, the strains, which are required in the electromechanical coupling formulation, simultaneously without any differentiation. Numerical results showing the effects of boundary flexibility on energy harvesting efficiency are presented. A first-order rational function relating the boundary stiffness parameters and the harvesting efficiency is determined by nonlinear curve fitting of the calculated data. Physical insights and applicability of this analytical function for end-of-line quality check of the boundary of PVEH are discussed.
Beyond belongingness: Rethinking innate behavioral predispositions, learning constraints, and cognitive capacities
Authors: Sosa Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

Learning is a major determinant of behavioral change for some organisms through their lifecycles. From an associative perspective, learning is assumed to occur whenever organisms experience particular statistical regularities in their environment; specifically, meaningful outcomes that follow certain cues or actions chiefly contribute to behavioral change. However, numerous empirical reports reveal that not all cue–outcome and action–outcome combinations are learned equally well, a phenomenon that is termed belongingness. Those reports are valuable as descriptive-level knowledge, but beg further considerations, like what is the origin, adaptive value of, and underlying mechanisms associated with the predisposition to couple particular events. Contrary to what is often assumed, the mere observation of learning predispositions says little as to whether they arise from genetics, are constrained by hardwired neural circuitries, or have been ecologically advantageous in an evolutionary timescale. The present paper aims to present a number of notions from different research fields outside the hard core of associative learning and, in so doing, provides elements for careful study and conceptualization of this issue. Thereafter, these notions are pooled to understand behavioral variation in a wide array of phenomena, thus, bringing a more informed approach to the nature versus nurture debate.
The Effects of Rental Assistance Programs on Neighborhood Outcomes for U.S. Children: Nationwide Evidence by Program and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Fenelon Andrew , Slopen Natalie , Newman Sandra J.
Published: May 2022

Project-based housing programs and tenant-based housing programs (vouchers) may have differential effects on neighborhood outcomes for residents. Theoretically, vouchers should enhance access to low-poverty neighborhoods for low-income families thereby promoting economic mobility for children, though vouchers’ success may vary by race and ethnicity. Drawing on a national survey-administrative data linkage and a quasi-experimental approach, we examine the impact of project-based housing and vouchers on an index of socioeconomic neighborhood disadvantage among children. We find that living in project-based housing leads to greater exposure to neighborhood disadvantage while receiving vouchers leads to reduced exposure. Reductions in neighborhood disadvantage for children receiving vouchers are found only for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino children. For non-White families, vouchers are associated with a reduced likelihood of living in high-poverty neighborhoods and increased likelihood of living in low-poverty neighborhoods, presenting an opportunity to narrow racial and ethnic differences in children's neighborhood attainment.
Intermediaries in Chile: Facilitating the right of child victims and witnesses to participate and be heard in criminal trials
Authors: Ulloa Valentina Gabriela , Pietrasanta Nicolás , Acosta Rocío
Published: May 2022

The intermediary system is a special measure designed to support the participation of vulnerable witnesses in the judicial system. In Chile, this model was initially incorporated in six regions with the application of Law 21.057 in October 2019. The measure establishes that a specially trained professional from the criminal justice system must facilitate communication during a trial between the court and child victims or witnesses of sexual or other serious crimes through the use of a linked room. This study analyses the perceptions of intermediaries and other members of the justice system in relation to the first year of implementation of the intermediary system based on information obtained through the use of focus groups and a survey. The results show an overall positive assessment of the experiences with and functioning of the ‘judicial intermediation’ and portray some of the best practices and facilitating conditions for the correct operation of the scheme as well as the difficulties and challenges for other Chilean regions and countries.
Promoting labour market inclusion of the chronically ill: a scoping review of Scandinavian countries’ efforts
Authors: Rydland Håvard Thorsen , Bentsen Henrik Litleré , Ervik Rune , Grønning Kjersti , Islam Kamrul , Kjerstad Egil , Skogedal Lindén Tord
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

This article is a scoping review of efforts in labour market inclusion of the chronically ill in the Scandinavian countries, a research area that has received much political as well as research attention in recent years. The aim of the review was to identify promising strategies and the need for further research.

Methods:

Six electronic databases were searched for literature published between 2015 and 2020. We included peer-reviewed articles that studied the effect of measures, aimed at the workplace or at the individual, that are intended to increase participation. Our search resulted in 2718 articles; our screening procedures resulted in 47 included articles.

Results:

Among the included studies, musculoskeletal problems (17 articles) and mental health problems (29 articles) were the most frequent chronic conditions. Multimodal occupational rehabilitation programmes directed towards the individual employee were the most frequent interventions (30 articles). Return to work (24 articles) and sickness absence (12 articles) were the most common outcomes. About half (25 articles) of the included studies reported a positive impact of the intervention on work inclusion of the chronically ill.

Conclusions:

Our review found little evidence of how government programmes directed towards the supply side of the labour market succeed in including the chronically ill. Our review further indicated that multidisciplinary workplace interventions have a substantial effect. We also identified a significant lack of research on the effect of various governmental policies and programmes, including local health, work and welfare services, and limited coordination and cooperation between health and work services professions.
Promoting Student Wellbeing Through Dedicated Units on the Psychological Science of Wellbeing: Rationale, Nature, and Student Evaluations
Authors: Morris Sue , Cranney Jacquelyn
Published: May 2022

The Complete State model of mental health differentiates between the dimensions of psychiatric disorders and wellbeing. The latter dimension is consistent with educators proactively creating learning-supportive curricular environments by, for example, translating the Basic Needs Satisfaction (BNS) theory into practical curricular strategies. One gap in the literature on curricular approaches to supporting student wellbeing is descriptions of innovations in the design of specific units focusing entirely on the psychological science of student self-management, success and wellbeing. The aim of this report was to address this gap by describing the nature and student evaluations of two such units. The curricula of these units, whose design and delivery were guided by BNS theory, are described. Institutional unit evaluation surveys over four years and eight unit deliveries revealed that the units were well received by students, regardless of variations in internal (e.g., online vs. flipped classroom mode of delivery) and external (e.g., presence of COVID-19 pandemic) factors. Moreover, students agreed with the statement that the unit “provided me with knowledge and skills I can apply”. By considering BNS theory during curriculum design and delivery, the success and wellbeing of students were supported while they learned about the science of wellbeing.
A systematic review of the treatment of distal humerus fractures in older adults: A comparison of surgical and non-surgical options
Authors: Stoddart Michael T. , Panagopoulos Georgios N. , Craig Richard S. , Falworth Mark , Butt David , Rudge Will , Higgs Deborah , Majed Addie
Published: May 2022

Background

Fractures of the distal humerus are a common fragility fracture in older adults. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to produce pooled estimates of the outcomes of treatment using total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), open reduction and locking plate fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty or with conservative management.

Methods

A systematic review of PUBMED and EMBASE databases was conducted for studies reporting outcomes of intra-articular fractures in older adults. Data extracted included patient-reported outcome measures as well as clinical outcomes including ROM, adverse events and all-cause reoperation rates.

Results

Forty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and included 1838 acute, intra-articular distal humeral fractures. There was no clinically important difference in patient-reported pain and function measured on the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (TEA = 89.3 (SD 20.0), Hemi = 88.4 (SD 10.6), internal fixation = 85.0 (SD 14.7), non-operative = 85.1 (SD 11.0)).

Discussion

Each of the treatment modalities studies resulted in a reasonable level of elbow function. The included studies were largely non-comparative and at considerable risk of bias. As elbow replacement surgery becomes centralised in the UK, there is a real need for high-quality comparative research studies to inform practice.
Introduction of Chiral Centers to α- and/or β-Positions of Carbonyl Groups by Biocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hagiwara Hisahiro
Published: May 2022

Biocatalytic asymmetric reductions of acyclic and cyclic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are favorable protocols for introduction of chiral centers to α- and/or β-positions of the carbonyl groups. Representative biocatalytic reductions of electron deficient olefins are compiled from a synthetic point of view according to compound types from the papers in 2012 to early 2022. Applications to syntheses of some enantiomericaly enriched perfumery ingredients are presented to show the feasibility of the biocatalytic reductions.
Does the Bow Fit: Using Anthropometry and Grip Strength to Assess Fractional-Size Violin Bows
Authors: Ebin Zachary , Lane MarieFaith
Published: May 2022

This study evaluates the dimensions of fractional-size violin bows in relation to the anthropometric and grip-strength measurements of children and adults. In string education, various methods and devices have been put forward to measure children for the correct violin size, but there is a lack of research regarding the proper bow size. Results from this study indicate that fractional-size bows are manufactured with nearly identical dimensions to full-size bows, except for total length. A review of anthropometry research affirms that children’s hands grow at a near constant proportion to their arms. This finding indicates the need for fractional-size bows with dimensions different from the current standard. An analysis of grip-strength research in children at various ages suggests that the weights of fractional-size bows are also not ideal. Experimental bow dimensions are proposed for further study and recommendations are made to decrease the weights of fractional-size violin bows to make them better suited for children.
Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor infiltrating the brachial plexus and spinal canal
Authors: Sant Thomas , Ward Michael , Shah Lubdha M , Mahan Mark , Peckham Miriam E
Published: May 2022

Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors are rare, aggressive lesions that primarily affect infants and children with characteristic SMARCB1/INI1 mutations. While rhabdoid tumors are most commonly found in the kidneys and central nervous system, they have been reported in virtually every soft tissue in the body. A 20-year-old previously healthy male presented with a 4-month history of left upper extremity weakness and pain and a 1-week history of lower extremity weakness. MRI showed a combined intradural and extradural mass arising from the C8 root and involving the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. CT guided biopsy followed with onsite cytologic analysis initially concerning for plasma cell etiology. Full body PET/CT showed no evidence of metastases. The tumor was surgically resected and debulked. Extensive immunohistochemical testing on the resected specimen revealed a diagnosis of extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumor. Recurrence invading paraspinous muscles, left lateral paravertebral space, left apical lung, and brachial plexus was noted within 2 months. Radiation and chemotherapy were initiated. Here we present imaging findings, image-guided biopsy, surgical management, and pathologic diagnosis of a rare case of extrarenal, extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumor of the brachial plexus and surrounding paraspinous muscles in a young adult male.
Treatment Algorithm of Periprosthetic Femoral Fracturens
Authors: Mondanelli Nicola , Troiano Elisa , Facchini Andrea , Ghezzi Roberta , Di Meglio Martina , Nuvoli Nicolò , Peri Giacomo , Aiuto Pietro , Colasanti Giovanni Battista , Giannotti Stefano
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The ever-expanding indications for total hip arthroplasty are leading to more implants being placed in younger as well as in older patients with high functional demand. Also, prolonged life expectancy is contributing to an overall increment of periprosthetic femoral fractures. The Vancouver classification has been the most used for guiding the surgeon choice since its proposal in 1995. Fractures occurring over a hip femoral implant can be divided into intra-operative and post-operative PFFs, and their treatment depends on factors that may severely affect the outcome: level of fracture, implant stability, quality of bone stock, patients’ functional demand, age and comorbidities, and surgeon expertise. There are many different treatment techniques available which include osteosynthesis and revision surgery or a combination of both. The goals of surgical treatment are patients’ early mobilization, restoration of anatomical alignment and length with a stable prosthesis and maintenance of bone stock. Significance. The aim of this review is to describe the state-of-the-art treatment and outcomes in the management of PFFs. We performed a systematic literature review of studies reporting on the management of PFFs around hip stems and inter-prosthetic fractures identifying 45 manuscripts eligible for the analysis. Conclusions. PFFs present peculiar characteristic that must be considered and special features that must be addressed. Their management is complex due to the extreme variability of stem designs, the possibility of having cemented or uncemented stems, the difficulty in identifying the “real” level of the fracture and the actual stability of the stem. As a result, the definition of a standardized treatment is unlikely, thereby high expertise is fundamental for the surgical management of PPFs, so this kind of fractures should be treated only in specialized centres with both high volume of revision joint arthroplasty and trauma surgery.
The Relationship Between School Counselors’ Role Beliefs and Practice with and on Behalf of LGBTQQI Youth
Authors: Moe Jeff , Goodman-Scott Emily , Boulden Rawn , Edirmanasinghe Natalie , Tarver Shuntay Z.
Published: May 2022

School counselors completed measures of school counselor activity and role beliefs; competence with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and intersex (LGBTQQI) issues; and school-based LGBTQQI advocacy and awareness. Hierarchical multiple regression identified that LGBTQQI clinical skill predicts school counselor LGBTQQI advocacy and awareness, adjusting for school counselor demographics, sexual-affective and gender identities, activity beliefs, building level, and LGBTQQI training. We discuss implications for school counselor training and practice.
Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Use of Prescription Opioids Following Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Moon Andrew S. , LeRoy Taryn E. , Yacoubian Vahe , Gedman Marissa , Aidlen Jessica P. , Rogerson Ashley
Published: May 2022

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Objectives

Cannabis is an antinociceptive which has been evaluated as a possible adjunct or substitute for opioid use in the treatment of acute pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative cannabis usage and consumption of opioids for postoperative analgesia.

Methods

Patients who underwent one- or two-level posterior lumbar fusion surgery were categorized as cannabis users or non-cannabis users based on preoperative diagnoses of cannabis use. Total morphine equivalent dose was calculated for both in-house opioid consumption and postoperative prescription opioid usage. Age, ASA, BMI, depression, tobacco use, estimated blood loss, OR time, LOS, disposition to rehab, 30-day readmission, in-house opioid consumption and postoperative prescription opioid usage were compared between groups using t-tests.

Results

Of the 220 opioid naïve patients, 29 (13%) patients were identified as cannabis users while 191 (87%) were non-cannabis users. There were no significant associations between opioid naïve cannabis usage and ASA, BMI, tobacco use, EBL, OR time, LOS, disposition to rehab, or readmission. Opioid naïve cannabis users had greater association with depression (31.3% vs 13.7%, P=.017) and younger age (56.37 years vs 65.37 years, P<.001). Interestingly, cannabis use was associated with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), with 1.38 vs 2.49 (P=.002). Cannabis users were found to have increased postoperative prescription opioid usage (2545.41 POST-MED vs 1379.72 POST-MED, P=.019).

Conclusions

Cannabis usage is associated with increased usage of opioids postoperatively, both while in-patient and post-discharge, after posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery.
Code status transitions in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abrams Hannah R. , Nipp Ryan D. , Traeger Lara , Lavoie Mitchell W. , Reynolds Matthew J. , Ufere Nneka N. , Wang Annie C. , Boateng Kofi , LeBlanc Thomas W. , El-Jawahri Areej
Published: May 2022

Patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often experience intensive medical care at the end of life (EOL), including high rates of hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Despite this, studies examining code status transitions are lacking. We conducted a mixed-methods study of 200 patients with high-risk AML enrolled in supportive care studies at Massachusetts General Hospital between 2014 and 2021. We defined high-risk AML as relapsed/refractory or diagnosis at age ≥60. We used a consensus-driven medical record review to characterize code status transitions. At diagnosis, 86.0% (172/200) of patients were “full code” (38.5% presumed, 47.5% confirmed) and 8.5% had restrictions on life-sustaining therapies. Overall, 57.0% of patients experienced a transition during the study period. The median time from the last transition to death was 2 days (range, 0-350). Most final transitions (71.1%) were to comfort measures near EOL; only 60.5% of patients participated in these last transitions. We identified 3 conversation types leading to transitions: informative conversations focusing on futility after clinical deterioration (51.0%), anticipatory conversations at the time of acute deterioration (32.2%), and preemptive conversations (15.6%) before deterioration. Younger age (B = 0.04; P = .002) and informative conversations (B = −2.79; P < .001) were associated with shorter time from last transition to death. Over two-thirds of patients were “presumed full code” at diagnosis of high-risk AML, and most experienced code status transitions focused on the futility of continuing life-sustaining therapies near EOL. These results suggest that goals-of-care discussions occur late in the illness course for patients with AML and warrant interventions to increase earlier discussions regarding EOL preferences.
Landscape of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene repertoire and its clinical relevance to LPL/WM
Authors: Wang Jun , Yan Yuting , Xiong Wenjie , Song Ge , Wang Yi , Zhao Jiawei , Jia Yujiao , Li Chengwen , Yu Zhen , Yu Ying , Chen Jiawen , Jiao Yang , Wang Tingyu , Lyu Rui , Li Qinghua , Ma Yueshen , Liu Wei , Zou Dehui , An Gang , Sun Qi , Wang Huijun , Xiao Zhijian , Wang Jianxiang , Qiu Lugui , Yi Shuhua
Published: May 2022

Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) is a heterogeneous disease in which the role of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (IGHs) remains unknown. To determine the clinical relevance of the IGH repertoire in patients with LPL/WM, we performed immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) analysis. The IGH variable gene (IGHV) repertoire was remarkably biased in LPL/WM. IGHV3-23, IGHV4-34, IGHV3-30, IGHV3-7, and IGHV3-74 accounted for one-half of the cohort’s repertoire. Most cases (97.1%) were found to carry mutated IGHV genes, based on a 98% IGHV germline homology cutoff. IGHV3-30 was associated with long heavy chain CDR3, indicating there was specific antigen selection in LPL/WM. Patients with IGHV3-7 were significantly more likely to harbor the 6q deletion (P < .001) and an abnormal karyotype (P = .004). The IGHV hypermutation rate in patients with the MYD88 L265P mutation was significantly higher than that of wild-type patients (P = .050). IGHV3-23 and IGHV3-74 segments were more frequently detected in patients with MYD88-mutated LPL/WM (P = .050), whereas IGHV3-7 presented more frequently in MYD88 wild-type patients (P = .042). Patients with IGHV4, especially IGHV4-34, had higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and IGHV4 was a predictive marker of shorter progression-free survival. These results showed for the first time that the IGHV repertoire has clinical relevance in LPL/WM.
The Ramathibodi early warning score as a sepsis screening tool does not reduce the timing of antibiotic administration
Authors: Suttapanit Karn , Dangprasert Kamonwan , Sanguanwit Pitsucha , Supatanakij Praphaphorn
Published: May 2022

Background

Administration of antibiotics to septic patients within 1 h was recommended in 2018 by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) as a strategy to improve survival outcomes. The use of sepsis screening tools in emergency departments (EDs) is important for early diagnosis and initiation of sepsis care. This study aimed to assess the impact of the Ramathibodi early warning score (REWs) on the administration of antibiotics within 1 h of presentation.

Methods

This was an observational retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching between the sepsis-3 criteria (pre-period) and the REWs (post-period) as screening tools in adult patients with sepsis in EDs. The primary outcome was the proportion of receiving antibiotics within 1 h of presentation in the pre- and post-periods.

Results

A total of 476 patients were analyzed without propensity matching. The proportion of antibiotic administration within 1 h was higher in patients screened using the REWs compared with standard of care in the total study population (79.5% vs. 61.4%,p< 0.001). After propensity score matching, 153 patients were included in both groups. The proportion of antibiotic administration within 1 h was similar in patients screened using the REWs and those receiving standard of care (79.7% vs. 80.4%,p= 0.886). However, time to intensive care unit (ICU) admission was faster in patients screened using the REWs. Delays in receiving antibiotics of longer than 3 h were associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 7.04, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 34.11,p= 0.015).

Conclusions

Implementing the REWs as a tool in sepsis screening protocols in EDs did not improve rates of antibiotic administration within 1 h as recommended by the SSC. However, time to ICU admission was improved after implementation of the REWs.
Machine learning and statistics shape a novel path in archaeal promoter annotation
Authors: Martinez Gustavo Sganzerla , Pérez-Rueda Ernesto , Sarkar Sharmilee , Kumar Aditya , de Ávila e Silva Scheila
Published: May 2022

Background

Archaea are a vast and unexplored domain. Bioinformatic techniques might enlighten the path to a higher quality genome annotation in varied organisms. Promoter sequences of archaea have the action of a plethora of proteins upon it. The conservation found in a structural level of the binding site of proteins such as TBP, TFB, and TFE aids RNAP-DNA stabilization and makes the archaeal promoter prone to be explored by statistical and machine learning techniques.

Results and discussions

In this study, experimentally verified promoter sequences of the organisms Haloferax volcanii, Sulfolobus solfataricus, and Thermococcus kodakarensis were converted into DNA duplex stability attributes (i.e. numerical variables) and were classified through Artificial Neural Networks and an in-house statistical method of classification, being tested with three forms of controls. The recognition of these promoters enabled its use to validate unannotated promoter sequences in other organisms. As a result, the binding site of basal transcription factors was located through a DNA duplex stability codification. Additionally, the classification presented satisfactory results (above 90%) among varied levels of control.

Concluding remarks

The classification models were employed to perform genomic annotation into the archaea Aciduliprofundum boonei and Thermofilum pendens, from which potential promoters have been identified and uploaded into public repositories.