bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of supracondylar fracture femur by retrograde intramedullary Green Seligson Henry nail: a clinical study
Authors: Charan Rudraraju Venkata Sai
Published: October 2023

Background: Femoral shaft fractures in young people are frequently due to some type of high-energy collision. The most common cause of femoral fracture is a motor vehicle crash. Treatment for the femoral shaft is at most priority. Hence, the study is aimed to evaluate the results of the retrograde femoral nailing in supracondylar femoral fractures concerning knee flexion, mobilization of patients, and early weight-bearing.
Methods: The study is conducted from October 2019 to October 2021 with 25 patients having supracondylar fractures of the femur. The age group of patients was 15-70 years. Patients with midshaft femur fractures, nonunion, malunion, and pathological fractures were excluded. Chest X-ray post anterior view electrocardiography was performed in patients. Operative procedure was followed and postoperative management was done for all the patients. Radiological evidence of callus and consolidation was analyzed. Neer’s rating system and Sander’s functional evaluation scale were used to find the points for pain, working and walking capacity, range of motion and radiological appearance, etc.
Results: In the study, 25 patients are admitted with supracondylar fractures of the femur. The closed or open reduction method and the retrograde intramedullary supracondylar Green Seligson Henry (GSH) nail were used for internal fixation. The patients were followed for a period of 3 to 24 months. The results of Neers and Sander’s evaluation scoring system determined good to excellent results in 65% of cases.
Conclusion: To conclude from the study results, it was noted that retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nail is an ideal fixation system for distal third femoral fractures, especially the extraarticular type.
An anthropometric study of intercondylar femur notch with MRI analysis
Authors: Patidar Aditya , Arora Harshul , Sharma Jay Kumar , Jain Sarvagya
Published: October 2023

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament is the most common ligament injury of knee. The bony anatomy of femur and tibia is responsible for normal knee kinematics and static stability. Intercondylar notch dimensions is considered as a significant predictive risk factor for ACL tear. Narrow femoral intercondylar notch width in either sex were major correlating factors. Aim was to evaluate the intercondylar femur notch dimensions in patients of knee injury using magnetic resonance imaging at RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh.
Methods: This is a prospective study consist of 400 patients carried out from October 2020 to August 2022 in the Department of Orthopaedics, RDGMC Ujjain. All the patients of knee injury including ACL tear and age 18 years to 60 years are included in the study. Patient less than 18 years and more than 60 years were excluded from the study. Dicom radiant software is used as statistical tool to analyse the data. Various intercondylar notch dimensions in different sections are measured using MRI in the dicom software.
Results: The cut off values of axial NWI, NSI, NDI as 0.238, 0.662, 0.472 respectively.
Conclusions: We conclude that narrow femoral intercondylar notch, lower notch width index increases the risk of an ACL tear in the given population. This would help in identification of people at risk for ACL injuries. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis on the risk factor of ACL tear, which would help in betterment of the patients at danger for anterior cruciate ligament injury. People with decreased notch dimensions should be educated on the high risk of ACL tear and be given proper prophylactic precautions.
Interlocking nailing for treating comminuted fractures of the shaft of femur
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Singh Harpal , Khosla Vaibhav , Mittal Mandeep , Dattu Vijay
Published: October 2023

Background: The fracture of the femoral shaft is one of the most frequent fractures seen in orthopaedic practise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the operative procedure for managing communited fractures of the femoral shaft using interlocking fixation.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Pathankot, Punjab, with patients who presented to our emergency department as participants. We included all patients over the age of 18 who presented to our emergency department with a comminuted femoral shaft fracture. All patients underwent interlocking nailing.
Results: During the study period, 62 patients fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 79% of which were males. In the present study, 50% of the patients demonstrated clinical union of the fracture in 12 to 14 weeks, 24% had clinical union in 10 to 12 weeks, while 26% had clinical union in 14 to 16 weeks. Similarly, majority of the patients showed radiological union of the fracture in 16 to 18 weeks (48%). Radiological union occurred in 23% in 14 to 16 weeks and in 29% in 18 to 20 weeks. Majority (77%) of the patients stayed in hospital for 10 to 14 days and the functional outcome as measured by Klemm and Borner criteria was excellent in 63% patients. Infection (5%) and limb length discrepancy less than 5 mm (3%) were the only complications observed in our patient population.
Conclusions: Our results show that Interlocking nailing results in good functional outcome with minimal complications.
Assessment of vitamin C supplementation as an adjuvant analgesic therapy and evaluating its efficacy in terms of clinical and functional outcomes in post-operative patients undergoing surgical decompression for prolapsed intervertebral lumbar disc
Authors: Garg Rohit N. , Patil Hrishikesh , Bajaj Sanket , Vaje Shweta S.
Published: October 2023

Background: Post-operative pain is one of the most debilitating condition following lumbar spine surgery, which negates the clinical and functional outcomes. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) due to its anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and neuromodulating properties; was evaluated to have adjuvant analgesic effects in these patients.
Methods: This prospective study included 50 patients undergoing single level lumbar disectomy; randomly divided into group A (vitamin supplementation, n=25) and group B (no supplementation, n=25). Both the groups were evaluated on the follow ups for the clinical outcomes (visual analog scale-VAS score), functional outcomes (Oswestry disability index-ODI score) and total analgesia consumed.
Results: Both the groups showed statistically significant improvements in clinical and functional outcomes with respect to pre-operative status. Group A showed statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in VAS and ODI scores as compared to group B at 4th, 6th and 8th week follow up, however at 2nd and 12th week follow up the difference was found to be insignificant. Total analgesia consumed by group A patients was statistically lower than that consumed by group B patients.
Conclusions: Vitamin C has analgesic effects in certain clinical conditions, thus reducing post-operative pain and improving the overall satisfaction and outcome of the surgery. It helps in bringing about the improvement in clinical as well as the functional outcome of the spine surgery and has an effective dose-sparing and adjuvant effect on the post-operative analgesia.
Case of left hip acute pediatric septic arthritis - polymicrobial etiology
Authors: Mathiyoth Chalil Aghosh , Kurup Karan K. , Eapen Febi , Hashim Suhail , Prince George
Published: October 2023

Septic arthritis is a true orthopedic emergency, involving a severe bacterial, viral, or fungal joint infection that triggers inflammation and the degeneration of joint tissues. It typically affects joints such as the knee, hip, shoulder, or wrist. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to avoid long-term complications. Herein, we describe the case of an 8-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of spontaneous onset of hip pain and an abnormal gait. The patient was diagnosed with left hip septic arthritis and underwent a left hip arthrotomy under general anesthesia (GA). The patient was administered intravenous antibiotics for 21 days while being kept on non-weight-bearing mobilization. After 3 weeks, the patient's intravenous antibiotics were switched to oral antibiotics for the next 3 weeks. On the second follow-up visit, the patient showed significant improvement, with laboratory findings within normal limits.
ONDE ESTÁ O FOCO?
Authors: Isnardis Andrei
Published: October 2023

Na região de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, as ocupações indígenas do Holoceno superior são marcadas pela presença de uma indústria lítica que contém artefatos unifaciais plano-convexos, semelhantes àqueles do Pleistoceno final e do Holoceno inicial de outras áreas do Brasil Central. Neste artigo, discuto as semelhanças e diferenças entre os plano-convexos desses dois contextos, com um enquadramento mais amplo do que estritamente esses artefatos. A ideia é, em igual medida, apresentar os artefatos indígenas do Holoceno superior de Diamantina, em comparação com aqueles da transição do Pleistoceno ao Holoceno, e refletir sobre o modo como fazemos comparações entre contextos arqueológicos
The influence of personality traits on johari window perception and self-disclosure in the workplace
Authors: Mukherjee Debhjit , Pahwa Vaishali , Moza Bhavika , Ujjainia Poorvi , Kaur Kulwinder , Kaur Kamaljeet , Pathak Shantanu
Published: October 2023

The Johari Window, developed by Luft and Ingham, is a cognitive tool for self-discovery and enhancing mutual understanding in teams. It consists of four quadrants: Arena (shared knowledge), Blindspot (unknown to self), Facade (known to self but not others), and Unknown (mutual lack of awareness). These quadrants reflect the dynamics of open communication, limited self-awareness, self-imposed barriers, and unexplored aspects that impact relationships. This research article aims to present data on Johari Window traits using bar graphs derived from Microsoft Excel and analyze gender-based differences within the Indian workplace. The study includes 420 participants from 14 states in India and utilizes a reliable questionnaire to assess Johari window formation. Data analysis and calculations are performed using Microsoft Excel to compute the E and F points representing self-disclosure and perception. The findings highlight the importance of self-awareness, open communication, and authenticity in fostering positive work environments and enhancing interpersonal relationships. The analysis of state-wise feedback reveals cultural influences on individuals' self-perception and communication patterns. Notably, the study finds no significant gender-based differences in the variability of the Johari window quadrants, indicating progress towards gender equality in Indian workplaces. Overall, this research contributes to understanding the role of personality traits in shaping interpersonal dynamics within organizations and provides practical implications for fostering self-awareness and improving workplace relationships.
Análise das consequências sociais e de saúde da crise humanitária nas Terras Yanomami
Authors: Ramos Francimeire Queiroz , Santos Dayanne de Nazaré dos , Castro Nádile Juliane Costa de
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar as repercussões sociais e de saúde da crise humanitária nas terras Yanomami, conforme divulgado pela mídia. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo documental, descritivo, cujas fontes primárias utilizadas incluíram reportagens e notícias veiculadas em jornais de abrangência nacional em janeiro de 2023 e cuja pesquisa foi conduzida pela busca em arquivos on-line de jornais nacionais, utilizando palavras-chave, como "saúde de populações indígenas", "Yanomami" e "crise humanitária". Resultados: a análise das reportagens selecionadas nos principais jornais brasileiros permitiu evidenciar pontos básicos, relacionados a questões políticas, sociais e de saúde enfrentadas pelos povos Yanomami. Os achados deste estudo foram organizados em duas grandes categorias: a crise política e humanitária no território Yanomami; e aspectos de saúde e de saneamento do povo Yanomami. Conclusões: o estudo possibilitou identificar as repercussões midiáticas sobre questões sociais e de saúde, decorrentes da crise humanitária nas terras Yanomami, destacando a vulnerabilidade deste povo, diante da negligência do Estado, ao longo dos últimos anos, e evidenciando déficits das redes de atenção à saúde e fragilidades das legislações ambientais, como fatores-chave.
Tabakalı Zeminlerdeki Yüzeysel Temel Davranışının Nümerik ve Analitik Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: UNCUOĞLU Erdal
Published: October 2023

Arazide yapılmış tam ölçekli yükleme deney sonuçları kullanılarak doğrulanmış ve kalibre edilmiş bir sonlu elemanlar modeli oluşturulmuştur. Temel boyutunun, kum zeminin başlangıç gerilme durumu ve gerilme geçmişinin, üstte yer alan kum tabakası kalınlığının ve altta yer alan kil tabakasının drenajsız kayma mukavemetinin tabakalı zeminlerdeki kare temellerin taşıma kapasitesi ve oturma davranışları üzerindeki etkileri gerçekleştirilen bir seri üç boyutlu sonlu elemanlar analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Sonlu eleman analizleri sonucu bulunan taşıma gücü değerleri zımbalama kesme yöntemi ile hesaplanan taşıma gücü değerleri ile karşılaştırılmış ve bunun yanı sıra Ks katsayısı değerlerinin H/B oranına ve ƛs’ e bağlı değişimi incelenmiştir.
Pravna regulacija vonjav in trženje z vonjavami
Authors: Ramšak Mojca
Published: October 2023

Zakonodaja regulira vonjave na treh področjih: a) okolje in zrak v notranjosti stavb, b) hrana, pijača, tobačni izdelki in arome ter c) dišave. Evropska in nacionalna zakonodaja ščitita pred škodljivimi vonjavami iz okolja in pred zavajanjem z aromami in vonjavami, a praksa okoljskega onesnaževanja in trženja z vonji kaže na pomanjkljiv nadzor na teh področjih. Zakonodaja ureja tudi vonjave, ki se nanašajo na določena živila, izdelke ali tehnološke postopke (npr. tradicionalna in druga živila, alkoholne in druge pijače, tobak, nove sorte rastlin, igrače, odlagališča, obratovanje hidroelektrarn, distribucija zemeljskega plina), zdravje, primernost živil in snovi. Zakonodajna ureditev vonja kot trženjske poteze je deloma regulirana na področju nepoštenih poslovnih praks. Trženje vonjav se v pravnem redu pojavlja v managementu vonjav na ravni podjetij in pri nepoštenih poslovnih praksah v zvezi z dišavami. Proizvodnja in distribucija dišav dvojnic (t. j. imitacij oziroma dvojnic parfumov znanih blagovnih znamk) se izmika nadzoru nad izvajanjem oziroma spoštovanjem zakonov in drugih predpisov.
Varstvo otrok in agresivne poslovne prakse
Authors: Cep Astrid
Published: October 2023

Otroci predstavljajo eno izmed najšibkejših skupin tudi v svetu potrošništva, kjer se vsakodnevno srečujejo z raznoraznimi oglasi, ki jih nagovarjajo k nakupu nekega izdelka ali storitve. Njihova zaščita pred nepoštenimi poslovnimi praksami je zaradi njihove življenjske neizkušenosti omejena v primerjavi z odraslim potrošnikom, zaradi česar potrebujejo posebno varstvo. Prispevek predstavi posebno varstvo otrok in se osredotoča na sestavine, ki so prepovedane v oglaševanju, namenjenem otrokom. Poudarek je tudi na agresivnih poslovnih praksah, ki v vseh okoliščinah veljajo za nepoštene, med katerimi je prepoved neposrednega nagovarjanja otrok k nakupu ali prigovarjanje staršev ali drugih odraslih, da jim kupijo izdelke, ki se oglašajo. Vendar oglaševanje otrokom ni absolutno prepovedano, prepovedano je zgolj neposredno spodbujanje otrok k nakupu, ki se kot izjema razlaga zelo ozko.
Updating new skills and technologies in training programs: A case study in Vietnam
Authors: Uyen VoThiNhu , Thu Pham Xuan
Published: October 2023

Industry 4.0 will bring extensive changes in work. While automation is likely to displace workers, new occupations will be created, which means the workers must be trained in new competencies and skills for production practices at the enterprises and the labor market in the globalization context. This article presents the survey results on Updating new skills - new technologies in training programs: A case study in Vietnam under the impact of the 4th industrial revolution and the level of combination between enterprises and vocational education institutes in training programs with 3 groups of occupations: 1-Information technology, electronics, and telecommunications; 2-Electricity, electronics; Automation; 3-Agriculture, forestry, and fishery. The questionnaire survey was conducted in two forms: online and in person at 700 enterprises, 50 TVET institutes, and 7,000 employees in 22 localities in Vietnam. The survey results are the basis for vocational training management agencies to make policies for vocational education to improve the quality of human resources, in line with Industry 4.0.
Keywords: Enterprises; industry 4.0; new skills; new technologies; training programs.
Physiological Importance of the Vitaminoid Thiocyanate and Its Influence on Hair Growth
Authors: Kramer Axel
Published: October 2023

Thiocyanate is a physiologically and biochemically active metabolite that is not sufficiently formed by endogenous synthesis in the case of diseases, stress, malnutrition, infection, toxic influences or loss through washing out during hair washing. In these siuations, alimentary supplementation or local application become necessary depending on the objective. An important effect of thiocyanate is the stimulation of new cell formation, initially proven in cell culture and in plants by the increase in yield, later also in the animal species mink (improved coat quality), sheep (increased wool yield) and guinea pigs (stimulation of the anagen phase of hair formation). Therapeutic efficacy was even demonstrated in human alopecia areata, with 51% showing complete to good remission 12 months after completion of treatment. The growth-promoting effect was confirmed in the trichogram. The biological activity of the vitaminoid is not based on a uniform mechanism of action but is to be understood as the sum of various partial effects
The role of continuous glucose monitoring in physical activity and nutrition management: perspectives on present and possible uses
Authors: Kim Young-Im , Choi Youngju , Park Jonghoon
Published: October 2023

[Purpose] Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is on the rise as the prevalence of obesity and diabetes increases. This review aimed to explore the use of CGM and its potential novel applications in physical activity and nutrition management.[Methods] We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases using the keywords ‘continuous glucose monitor,’ ‘nutrition,’ ‘physical activity,’ and ‘numerical modeling.’[Results] Continuous blood glucose measurement is useful for individuals with obesity and diabetes. Long-term blood glucose data allow for personalized planning of nutritional composition, meal timing, and physical activity type and intensity, as well as help prevent hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Thus, understanding the limitations of CGM is important for its effective use.[Conclusion] CGM systems are being increasingly used to monitor and identify appropriate blood glucose controlling interventions. Blood glucose level is influenced by various factors such as nutrient composition, meal timing, physical activity, circadian rhythm, and cortisol levels. Numerical modeling can be used to analyze the complex relationship between stress, sleep, nutrition, and physical activity, which affect blood glucose levels. In future, blood glucose, sleep, and stress data will be integrated to predict appropriate lifestyle levels for blood glucose management. This integrated approach improves glucose control and overall wellbeing, potentially reducing societal costs.
Analysis of Leadership Style on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction As A Moderation Variable
Authors: Arisanti Dian , Soedarmanto Soedarmanto , Purwanto Edi
Published: October 2023

The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of leadership style, motivation, and remuneration on employee performance, with work satisfaction serving as a moderating variable. The research focuses specifically on employees of PT Pelindo Daya Sejahtera, PHC Surabaya Hospital unit. The study's population included a total of 105 personnel, all of whom were affiliated with PT Pelindo Daya Sejahtera, namely the PHC Surabaya Hospital unit. The research used a saturation sampling approach to choose a sample of 105 workers from PT Pelindo Daya Sejahtera and PHC Surabaya Hospital unit. The methodology used entails the utilization of multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the findings and subsequent discourse, it can be inferred that the variables of leadership style, motivation, and compensation exert a notable impact, while job satisfaction, as a moderating variable, enhances the influence on the employees of PT Pelindo Daya Sejahtera, PHC Surabaya Hospital unitKeywords: Leadership Style, Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction
Non-metabolic causes of steatotic liver disease
Authors: Nasr Patrik , Jönsson Cecilia , Ekstedt Mattias , Kechagias Stergios
Published: October 2023

Hepatic steatosis is caused by exaggerated hepatic lipid accumulation and is a common histological and radiological finding. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), or metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is highly associated with metabolic syndrome and represents the most common cause of hepatic steatosis. However, since several comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and drugs can cause hepatic steatosis, MASLD is, to some extent, a diagnosis of exclusion. Nevertheless, initiatives have been taken to encompass positive (instead of negative) criteria for diagnosis - such as the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors together with hepatic steatosis. Nonetheless, before confirming a patient with MASLD, it is essential to map and evaluate other causes of fatty liver disease or steatotic liver disease. Several causes of hepatic steatosis have been identified in studies; however, the study cohorts are scarce and often anecdotal. Additionally, many studies have shown correlation without proving causation, and many are retrospective without reporting relevant patient characteristics and comorbidities - making it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the underlying etiology or present comorbidity of hepatic steatosis. In this narrative review, we aimed to identify and summarize present studies evaluating the impact of the most common and often suggested causes of hepatic steatosis.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran IPS Melalui Metode Tutor Sebaya
Authors: Jannah Raudhatul , Nisa Uswatun , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin
Published: October 2023

The level of student engagement in the classroom has a significant impact on their learning outcomes. Various models and methods employed to enhance student engagement can influence these outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of applying the peer tutor method on student engagement and learning outcomes in Class VIII F at SMP Negeri 27 Banjarmasin. The research follows a four-stage process: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation sheets and student engagement records. The results of the study reveal that the implementation of the peer tutor method has a positive impact on student engagement and learning outcomes in Class VIII F at SMP Negeri 27 Banjarmasin. This improvement is evident through the percentages obtained in both Cycle I and Cycle II: Student engagement increased from 34% in Cycle I to 84% in Cycle II. Student learning outcomes improved from 52% in Cycle I to 96% in Cycle II.
Advancements in Sustained-Release Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Barbhuiya Sharul islam , Shabana KM , Kumar Vishal
Published: October 2023

Sustained-release drug delivery systems have evolved significantly over the years, playing a pivotal role in pharmaceutical research and enhancing patient care [1]. This abstract synthesizes key insights from various references to highlight the noteworthy advancements in this field. Recent research has emphasized the importance of understanding drug properties and their impact on sustained-release system design [2] [9]. These advancements enable tailoring drug delivery to optimize therapeutic outcomes [2] [9]. Incorporating innovative technologies such as nanotechnology [1], biodegradable polymers [3], and matrix systems [4] has led to the development of more efficient and patient-friendly sustained-release systems [1] [3] [4] Moreover, the concept of personalized medicine is gaining prominence [5], opening doors to individualized drug delivery strategies [5]. These strategies promise to enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing adverse effects [5]. Theoretical analyses, as exemplified by Higuchi’s work [6], continue to shape the understanding of sustained-release mechanisms [6]. Furthermore, studies on enteric-coated timed-release tablets [10]. highlight advancements in specific drug formulations to meet patient needs [10]. In conclusion, advancements in sustained-release drug delivery systems reflect a dynamic landscape where drug properties, innovative technologies, and personalized approaches converge to improve patient outcomes and drug therapy [7] [8] [10].
Unveiling the Environmental-Economic Nexus: Cointegration and Causality Analysis of Air Pollution and Growth in Oman
Authors: Abdel-Gadir Sufian Eltayeb , Mohammed Mwahib Ahmed
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This article explores the intricate relationship between environmental degradation, specifically air pollution, and economic growth in the Sultanate of Oman spanning the period from 1990 to 2022. We employ cointegration and vector error correction models to uncover both short- and long-term dynamics in the association between air pollution and economic growth. Fur-thermore, Granger causality analysis is utilized to investigate the causal links between these crucial variables. This data encompasses factors related to environmental quality and various control variables. The empirical results unveil a sustained long-term cointegration connection between the variables. Additionally, our findings highlight a statistically significant positive impact of economic growth and energy consumption on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the short-term analysis reveals an annual adjustment of approximately 14.1% in N2O emissions dis-equilibrium. The Granger causality study indicates unidirectional causal relationships involving N2O emissions, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. The implications of these findings for Oman's policy landscape are substantial. To effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is imperative for Oman to establish robust climate change policies. Additionally, the government can play a pivotal role in encouraging and endorsing the use of renewable energy sources, such as green hydrogen, as a promising alternative to traditional oil and gas resources.
Remote Diagnosis on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Based on Neural Network with Few Symptom Words – a Feasibility Study
Authors: Tsai Chung-Hung , Liu Kuan-Hung , Cheng Da-Chuan
Published: October 2023

This study is to explore the feasibility using neural network (NN) and deep learning to diagnose three common respiratory diseases with only few symptom words. These three diseases are nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, and bronchitis/bronchiolitis. Through natural language processing, the symptom word vectors are encoded by GPT-2 and classified by the last linear layer of the NN. The experimental results are promising, showing that this model achieves a high performance in predicting all these three diseases. They reach 90% in accuracy, which suggests the implications of the developed model, highlighting its potential use in assisting patients understanding their conditions via a remote diagnosis. Unlike previous studies that focus on extracting various categories of information from medical records, this study directly extracts sequential features from unstructured text data, reducing the effort required for data pre-process.
Quantifying the Seasonal Crop Water Requirements of Mature Full-bearing Japanese Plum Orchards: A Review
Authors: Motsei Nonofo , Jovanović Nebojša , Dube Timothy , Mashabatu Munashe , Mathews Ubaidullah , Nqumkana Yolanda
Published: October 2023

Japanese plums form part of a multi-billion rand deciduous fruit industry in South Africa. Despite this, there is a paucity of knowledge on the seasonal water requirements of plum orchards. In a time of changing climatic conditions and diminishing water resources, this gap in literature poses an imminent threat to the long-term sustainability and global competitiveness of the South African plum industry. Therefore, this paper aimed to provide a review of the available literature on the crop water requirements of full-bearing well-irrigated Japanese plum orchards for improved agricultural water management. Full-year water requirements for well-watered full-bearing Japanese orchards ranged between 921 and 1 211 mm a-1 with a mean value of 1 084 ±140 mm a-1. Canopy growth and pruning appeared to be the most common causes of differences in water requirement estimates. Growing season length also plays a role with late-season maturing orchards having higher water requirements than their early and mid-maturing counterparts. The knowledge review provided benchmark figures for the annual water requirements of Japanese plums. However further research is required to determine the water requirement of plums from planting to full-bearing age and the response of plum trees to water stress, in a South African context.
Update on the Use of Infrared Thermography in the Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Complications: A Bibliographic Review
Authors: Faus-Camarena Marina , Izquierdo-Renau Marta , Arrébola Manel , Julian-Rochina Ivan , Miralles Manuel
Published: October 2023

Foot lesions are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and disability in the diabetic population. Thus, exploration of means of preventive control are vital for detecting early signs and symptoms of this disease, Infrared thermography has been proven effective in the control of diabetic foot is among the complementary diagnostic tools available for this disease. The last review on this topic was published in 2015 and so, here we conducted a bibliographic review of the main databases (PubMed, the Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Scopus) during the third quarter of 2023. We aimed to identify the effectiveness of infrared thermography as a diagnostic element in pre-ulcerous states in diabetic patients and to detect diabetic foot ulcer complications. We obtained a total of 200 articles, 22 of which were included in this present review; 17 articles had been published after 2017. After analysing the use of infrared Thermography in diabetic patients both with and without ulcers, as well as in healthy individuals, we concluded that is an effective tool for detecting early-stage ulcers in diabetic foot patients.
Reduced Levels of Lacrimal Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) in Patients with Focal Epilepsy and Focal Epilepsy with Comorbid Depression: A Biomarker Candidate?
Authors: Shpak Alexander A. , Rider Flora K. , Druzhkova Tatiana A. , Zhanina Marina Y. , Popova Sofya B. , Guekht Alla B. , Gulyaeva Natalia V.
Published: October 2023

Our previous studies showed that in patients with brain diseases neurotrophic factors in lacrimal fluid (LF) may change more prominently than in blood serum (BS). Since glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is involved in control of neuronal networks in epileptic brain, we aimed to assess GDNF levels in LF and BS as well as BDNF, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical and inflammation indices in BS of patients with focal epilepsy (PWFE), epilepsy and comorbid depression (PWFE+MDD) compared with major depressive disorder (PWMDD) and healthy controls (HC). GDNF levels in BS were similar in patients and HC and higher in PWFE taking valproates. GDNF levels in LF were significantly lower in all patient groups compared to controls, and independent of drugs used. LF and BS GDNF concentrations positively correlated in HC, but not patient groups. BDNF level was lower in BS of patients compared with HC and higher in PWFE+MDD taking valproates. Logistic regression models demonstrated that GDNF decrease in LF may be an important predictor of focal epilepsy. Probability of focal epilepsy can be evaluated using GDNF in LF and BDNF in BS; MDD - GDNF in LF, cortisol and TNF-α in BS; epilepsy with MDD - GDNF in LF, TNF-α and BDNF in BS.
Enhancing Aerospace Industry Efficiency and Sustainability: Process Integration and Quality Management in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Pop Gheorghe Ioan , Titu Aurel Mihail , Pop Alina Bianca
Published: October 2023

This paper delves into the multifaceted domain of the aerospace industry, examining its evolution, current challenges, and imperative focus on quality management and process integration. The aerospace sector, driven by technological advancements and a burgeoning global demand for air travel and freight transport, necessitates a thorough analysis of its industrial fabric and operational intricacies. This research endeavors to analyze the dynamics of the aerospace industry, pinpoint its challenges, and propose an integrated approach to enhance efficiency, quality, and sustainability. The primary goals encompass understanding the evolving industry landscape, identifying critical challenges, and offering innovative solutions by amalgamating principles of Industry 4.0 into quality management and processes within the aerospace sector. Through an in-depth exploration of various facets, this research underscores the pivotal role of efficient processes and integrated quality management in achieving sustainable growth and competitiveness in the aerospace industry. By aligning with the paradigm of Industry 4.0, organizations can optimize their operations and contribute to the industry's advancement, delivering safer and more cost-effective aerospace products. The study adopts a multifaceted approach, incorporating extensive literature review, critical analysis of industry trends, examination of quality management frameworks, and a thorough evaluation of the integration potential of Industry 4.0 technologies. The research also involves case studies and expert insights to validate the proposed approach. The investigation reveals that by leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies and embracing an integrated approach to quality management, the aerospace industry can significantly enhance operational efficiency, product quality, and overall sustainability. The seamless integration of processes and the implementation of advanced quality frameworks pave the way for a more competitive and future-ready aerospace industry, meeting the evolving demands of a globalized world.
Higher Aging Male’s Symptoms Scores Were Correlated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Kawahara Takashi , Ninomiya Sahoko , Takeshima Teppei , Saito Tomoki , Ito Hiroki , Komeya Mitsuru , Hasumi Hisashi , Yumura Yasushi , Makiyama Kazuhide , Uemura Hiroji
Published: October 2023

Background
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is a condition caused by the decline of testosterone with aging, and is associated with various symptoms, including lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although some reports have shown that testosterone replacement treatment for LOH improved LUTS, no large study has revealed a correlation between LUTS and LOH. This study investigated the correlation between the severity of LOH and LUTS in Asian Japanese males of >40 years of age using a web-based questionnaire.
Methods
We asked a total of 2,000 Japanese male individuals to answer both the AMS and IPSS/QOL questionnaires using a web-based survey. Among these 2,000 individuals, 500 individuals were assigned to each of the following age groups: 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years. LOH symptoms were assessed by AMS score as no/little (17-26 points), mild (27-36 points), moderate (37-49 points), and severe (≥50 points). To compare the risk of voiding and storage dysfunction according to the severity of AMS, voiding dysfunction was assessed by the sum of IPSS Q1, Q3, Q5, and Q6, while storage dysfunction was assessed by the sum of IPSS Q2, Q4, and Q7.
Results
The IPSS total score was positively correlated with the severity of AMS (shown as median [mean±SD]): no/little group, 2 (3.67±5.36); mild group, 6 (7.98±6.91); moderate group, 11 (12.49±8.63); and severe group, 16 (14.83±9.24) (p<0.0001). The prevalence of an IPSS total score of ≥8 in the AMS severity groups was as follows: no/little group, 13.3% (111 of 834); mild group, 38.3% (225 of 587); moderate group, 64.2% (244 of 380); severe group, 72.4% (144/199). The prevalence of nocturia in the AMS severity groups was as follows: no/little group, 19.8% (165 of 834); mild group, 31.5% (185 of 587); moderate group, 43.9% (167 of 380); and severe group, 50.8% (101 of 199).
Conclusions
Individuals with higher AMS values, which represents severe LOH symptoms, showed a higher risk of nocturia and LUTS.
Reproductive Carrier Screening for Genes Associated with Hereditary Deafness in 9993 Chinese Individuals
Authors: Liu Yanqiu , Wang Lei , Yuan Lanlai , Yang Yun , Li Yaqing , Chen Zhengshi , Yang Bicheng , Wang Daqing , Sun Yu
Published: October 2023

Preconception or prenatal carrier screening for hereditary deafness is an effective early intervention strategy to reduce the incidence of newborn deafness, but current research is limited. This study aimed to investigate the carrier frequencies of common deafness genes in the Chinese population and to follow up on pregnancy outcomes in high-risk couples. Carrier screening for common deafness genes in the Chinese population, including the GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes, was performed using next-generation sequencing technology. Of the 9,993 subjects screened, the carrier rate was 2.86% for the GJB2 gene and 2.63% for the SLC26A4 gene. Of the six high-risk couples, four made alternative reproductive decisions (three with prenatal diagnosis and one with preimplantation genetic testing), with consequent successful termination of the birth of two affected fetuses. The frequencies of preconception or prenatal carrier screening for the deafness genes GJB2 and SLC26A4 in 9,993 subjects from China in this study were 2.86% and 2.63%, respectively. In addition, four out of six high-risk couples made alternative reproductive decisions, followed by the successful prevention of the birth of two affected fetuses. These findings confirmed the clinical utility of preconception or prenatal carrier screening for hereditary deafness.
Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation by Subinhibitory Concentrations of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles and Simvastatin
Authors: Da Silva Ana Carolina Furian , Roque Sindy Magri , Duarte Marta Cristina Teixeira , Nakazato Gerson , Durán Nelson , Cogo-Müller Karina
Published: October 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is a causative agent of nosocomial infections and its antibiotic-resistant strains are concerning. Solutions are being explored to improve the treatment of these infections, including repositioning drugs such as statins and using nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of simvastatin (SIM) and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) in isolate form and in combination by assays of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), an in vitro biofilm model, and the association of antimicrobials against clinical strains of S. aureus. Bio-AgNPs showed a 53.8 ± 1.23-nm mean diameter and standard deviation, a 0.23 polydispersity index, and a −25.66 ± 2.19-mV mean potential and standard deviation. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of nanoparticles and the presence of Ag0 and AgCl. S. aureus strains were sensitive to bio-AgNPs and SIM, showing 31.88-187.5 and 74.66-149.32 μM concentrations, respectively. Our association assay showed 2.0 fractional inhibitory concentration indices (i.e., indifferent for clinical strains) and 0.32 values for the standard ATCC 29213 strain (synergy). Our biofilm inhibition assays with isolated SIM and bio-AgNPs showed decreased biofilm formation from 4× to ⅛ MICs, showing no synergism in association. These findings evince that simvastatin and bio-AgNPs at subinhibitory concentrations can serve as antimicrobial agents against S. aureus biofilm.
Robust Machine Learning Framework for Modeling the Compressive Strength of SFRC–Database Compilation, Predictive Analysis, and Empirical Verification
Authors: Abbas Yassir M. , Khan Mohammad Iqbal
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In recent years, the construction engineering sector has undergone a transformative shift towards the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques, particularly in predicting the properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC). Despite the theoretical sophistication of existing models, a persistent challenge remains – their opacity, lacking transparency and real-world relevance for practi-tioners. To address this gap and advance our current understanding, this study employs the extra gradient (XG) Boosting algorithm, crafting a comprehensive ap-proach. Grounded in a meticulously curated database drawn from 43 seminal pub-lications, encompassing 420 distinct records, this research focuses predominantly on three primary fiber types: crimped, hooked, and mil-cut. Complemented by hands-on experimentation involving 20 diverse SFRC mixtures, this empirical campaign is further illuminated through the strategic use of Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs), revealing intricate relationships between input parameters and con-sequent compressive strength. A pivotal revelation of this research lies in the identification of optimal SFRC formulations, offering tangible insights for real-world applications. The developed ML model stands out not only for its sophistication but also its tangible accuracy, evidenced by exemplary performance against inde-pendent datasets, boasting a commendable mean target-prediction ratio of 99%. To bridge the theory-practice gap, we introduce a user-friendly digital interface, thri-ughly designed to guide professionals in optimizing and accurately predicting the compressive strength of SFRC. This research thus contributes to the construction and civil engineering sectors by enhancing predictive capabilities and refining mix designs, fostering innovation, and addressing the evolving needs of the industry.
Structural Studies on the Bacteriophage Φ6 and Its Transformations during Its Life Cycle
Authors: Heymann J Bernard
Published: October 2023

From the first isolation of the cystovirus bacteriophage Φ6 from Pseudomonas syringae 50 years ago, we have progressed to a better understanding of the structure and transformations of the many parts of the virion. The three-layered virion encapsulating the tripartite double stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, breaches the cell envelope on infection, generates its own transcripts, and coopts the bacterial machinery to produce its proteins. The generation of new virions starts with a procapsid with a contracted shape, followed by packaging single stranded RNA segments with concurrent expansion of the capsid, and finally replication to reconstitute the dsRNA genome. The outer two layers are then added, and the fully formed virions released by cell lysis. Most of the procapsid structure composed of the proteins P1, P2, P4 and P7 is now known, as well as its transformations to the mature, packaged nucleocapsid. The outer two layers are less well studied. One additional study investigated the binding of the host protein YajQ to the infecting nucleocapsid, where it enhances the transcription of the large RNA segment that codes for the capsid proteins. Finally, we relate the structural aspects of bacteriophage Φ6 top those of other dsRNA viruses, noting the similarities and differences.
Atmospheric CO2: A 2-Box model accurately tracks 14C and 13C spanning 200 years and estimates global uptake of fossil fuel emissions
Authors: Taylor Stephen E.
Published: October 2023

Based upon a radically new approach, this paper describes a 2-box absolute flow model that calculates the CO2 transfer between the atmosphere and a terrestrial / ocean mixing reservoir. Given the inputs of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions (CO2ff), atmospheric CO2 mixing-ratio and nuclear weapons bomb yields, the model calculates atmospheric 13C and Δ14C time-series, with the level of agreement for 13C being to within ± 0.05 ‰, for Δ14C to within ± 3‰, spanning 200 years. The model contains only seven internal parameters which are varied to optimize the fit. Yet according to conventional wisdom, this model should not work. It is commonly held that the 13C and 14C isotopic forms of carbon bypass seawater carbonate chemistry, resulting in very different absorption properties (Revelle factor) as compared to 12C. This study rejects this assumption, and uses the same residence time and reservoir mixing properties for all isotopes. The paper includes an analysis justifying why the isotopic bypass of the Revelle factor is not significant. The study describes the use of the model to track CO2ff takeup using two separate measures, a) the amount of molecular CO2ff remaining in the atmosphere and b) the amount of atmospheric growth attributable to CO2ff, thereby resolving discrepancies in published values.
Neurocomputational Mechanisms Underlying Perception and Sentience in the Neocortex
Authors: Johnson Andrew , Winlow William
Published: October 2023

The basis for computation in the brain is the quantum threshold of the ‘soliton’ accompanying the ion changes of the action potential and the refractory membrane at convergences. We provide a logical explanation from the action potential to a neuronal model of the coding and computation of the retina and have explained how the visual cortex operates by quantum phase processing. In the small world network parallel frequencies collide into definable patterns of distinct objects. Elsewhere we have shown how many sensory cells are mean sampled to a single neuron and that convergences of neurons are common. We have also demonstrated, using the threshold and refractory period of a quantum phase pulse, that action potentials diffract across a neural network due to the annulment of parallel collisions in phase ternary computation (PTC). Thus, PTC applied to neuron convergences results in collective mean sampled frequency and is the only mathematical solution within the constraints of brain neural networks (BNN). In the retina and other sensory areas, we discuss how this information is coded and then understood in terms of network abstracts within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex. First by defined neural patterning within a neural network, and then in terms of contextual networks, we demonstrate that the output of frequencies from the visual cortex contain information amounting to abstract representations of objects in increasing detail. We show that nerve tracts from the LGN provide time synchronisation to the neocortex (defined as the location of the combination of connections of the visual cortex, motor cortex, auditory cortex, etc). The full image is therefore combined in the neocortex with other sensory modalities so that it receives information about the object from the eye, and all abstracts that make up the object. Spatial patterns in the visual cortex are formed from individual patterns illuminating the retina and memory is encoded by reverberatory loops of computational actions potentials (CAPs). We demonstrate that a similar process of PTC may take place in the cochlea and associated ganglia, as well as ascending information from the spinal cord, and that this function should be considered universal where convergences of neurons occur.