bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new way to identify thin sheet behaviour: Micro-InDef
Authors: Malecot Pierrick Malecot , Hapsari Gemala , Thibaud Sebastien , Richard Fabrice
Published: June 2020

Incremental forming is a rapid prototyping process which uses a forming tool toform a sheet metal according to a predetermined trajectory. In this work, a micro incremental deformation test (Micro InDef test) derived from the principle of single point incremental sheet forming is developed and proposed. A complex mechanical loading is applied and has a strong potential for the identication of inelastic behavior using inverse method. In the rst part, this work addresses the parameters identication and validation procedures of ductile damage behavior of ultra-thin sheet metal under very large strain during this instrumented Micro InDef test. An inverse nite element method based on the comparison between numerical and experimental axial forming forces of the micro incremental deformation test is employed to extract a coupled ductile damaged plastic model. In the second part, the objective is to prove the reliability of ductile damage parameters identication using forming force. The richness of data contained in forming force is quantied and compared to the one from tensile test. Firstly, the verication of the estimated parameter's reliability is done via a simple analysis based on the forming force sensitivity to material parameters and secondly by calculating elastoplastic and elastoplastic with ductile damage.
Eksistensi Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia Sebagai Aset
Authors: Darma Satria
Published: June 2020

This research aims to analyze the recognition of the existence of human resource as assets in the financial statements and the various obstacles encountered in the application of human resources accounting. This research uses a descriptive analysis in analyzing secondary data related to these issues. Therefore, the need for encouragement through empirical research to create uniformity in the measurement of human value and also efforts to revisit the definition of assets, so that the human resource could be recognized as asset and then is also recognized as General Accepted Accounting Principle.
Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Ndinojuo Ben-Collins , Udoudo Aniefiok
Published: June 2020

The article is an opening message from guest editors summarizing the key aspects of the issue.
Online Advertising in Nigeria: an Examination of Approaches in Facebook and Instagram
Authors: Udenze Silas , Aduba Olisa Junior
Published: June 2020

The study examined online advertising in Nigeria; it also sought to ascertain an examination of approaches in Facebook and Instagram. The aim of the research is to analyse the extent Nigerian businesses are utilizing social media to advertise their products. The theory adopted to anchor the study is Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Mixed methodology was employed to generate data for the study. Survey designed was used for the quantitative method while semi-structured interviews were conducted for the qualitative method. Online questionnaires were employed to get data from 375 Internet-users; representing consumers of these online advertisements, while 6 business owners making use of online advertising through social media, were interviewed under the qualitative method. The results of the study show that Nigerians make use of social media sites like Facebook and Instagram as advertising platforms to a little extent despite the huge number of consumers using these networks in the country. The research recommends that business owners should change their perception about social media as just a platform for fun or social activities, but to start considering it as an avenue to marketing and profit making. Also, the work recommends Nigerian businesses to engage the media professionals to handle their online activities; taking into the account that social media is so powerful it can build or destroy any business or brand. The work further recommends more effort put into the Consumer Protection Council with regards to online advertising activities. This will aid to online consumers protection and also to a large extent curb the cyber fraud.
Newspaper Coverage of Issue-based Political Statements and Campaigns in Nigeria’s Electoral Process (November 2018 – February 2019)
Authors: Ikpgegbu Emmanuel , Ihejirika Walter
Published: June 2020

The electoral process in Nigeria is now more dynamic than in earlier years because of the nature of competitions among politicians. In a bid to sell candidates and woo voters, political parties engage in election campaigns during which statements are made. Campaigns ought to address issues of public importance, but in some instances the comments are mere expressions of personal sentiments. The press is not just the fourth estate of the realm but also the voice of the people to report issues for voters’ enlightenment. This paper examined newspaper coverage of issue-based political statements and campaigns in Nigeria’s 2019 electoral process. Two theoretical frameworks for the study were Agenda Setting Theory and Development Media Theory. The study was both quantitative and qualitative, covering newspaper reports from two national dailies, Vanguard and The Punch. A total of 76 editions were studied using the content analysis research design, with quoted statements buttressing the argument. The data were presented with frequency tables and analysed through simple percentages. There were 116 reports on the subject in the dailies. The paper found out that while there were coverage over some national issues like restructuring, security, corruption, economy, and electricity, the greater volume of political statements were not issue-based. There is the need for the press to pay less attention on matters that would not serve to educate voters adequately. The study recommends that the press use the editorials to canvass for issue-based comments. The study also contributed to knowledge as the seminal analysis of political statements in 2019 general elections.
Как написать культовую книгу о кино
Authors: Denisov Ivan
Published: June 2020

Рецензия на книгу: Павлов, А. В. (2020). Расскажите вашим детям: Сто одиннадцать опытов о культовом кинематографе. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. Москва: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики.
NILAI FILOSOFIS DAN TATA CARA PEMBANGUNAN "PELINGGIH GEDONG SAREN"
Authors: Suardana I Nyoman Gde , Aryawan I Wayan , Widiyani Desak Made Sukma
Published: June 2020

The concept of Bali Building is still a tourist attraction not only for tourists but also various researchers who want to explore the meaning and function of the building. It can not be denied that the beauty of Balinese buildings is one of the factors that make up the natural beauty of Bali including the religious atmosphere in it. The house as the most dominant building in a residential area, also has its own characteristics in Bali. Rumah Bali can certainly have a place / means of worship commonly called Sanggah / Merajan. Even according to the Hindu concept, Sanggah / Merajan is the most important building in a house / residence.

Pelinggih Gedong Saren is one part of Sanggah / Merajan. This building is an ancestral heritage that needs to be developed and preserved. Until now, the manuscripts that talk about Pelinggih Gedong Saren in particular are quite rare. So it is very necessary to conduct a special study on Pelinggih Gedong Saren so that later can be used as a consideration in the planning or making Pelinggih Gedong Saren in a Merajan or Sanggah. There are still many secrets and uniqueness in Pelinggih Gedong Saren, which notabena is an important building in the holy place of Hindu family.

This research is a descriptive reasearch, which is intended for exploration and clarification of a phenomenon or social reality, by describing a number of variables concerning the problem and the unit under investigation. This type of research is not intended to attract a generation that causes a symptom or a social reality. Therefore, this study does not use and do not perform hypothesis testing because it is not intended to build and develop theory treasury.

This study uses two types of data, namely primary and secondary. Primary data obtained from the results of research into the object (field) obtained directly through interview / interview and also observation. While the secondary data obtained from the study of literature, literature and lontar associated with this research. Furthermore, the analysis is done by descriptive analysis method that is a technique that try to describe and describe a problem (research variable) to be an analysis that able to explain each problem (research variable) is clear.

In the future, the development of tourism will depend on the Spirit of Tourism itself. For Bali, known as the world's best destination, culture, customs, as well as the uniqueness of Bali that breathes Hinduism is the spirit of tourism itself. Understanding the meaning of each building that is a supporter of beauty and has an important function in the religious life of society is the long-term goal of this research.

Keywords: philosophical values, development, gedong saren.
On Multidimensional Determinant Differential-Operator Equations
Authors: Рахмелевич И.В.
Published: June 2020

Рассмотрен класс многомерных детерминантных дифференциально-операторныхnуравнений, левая часть которых представляет собой определитель с элементами, содержащими
произведение линейных одномерных дифференциальных операторов произвольного порядка, а правая часть зависит от искомой функции и ее первых производных. Отдельно исследованы
однородные и~неоднородные детерминантные дифференциально-операторные уравнения. Доказаны теоремы о понижении размерности уравнения. Получены решения в виде суммы и произведения
функций от подмножеств независимых переменных, и в том числе, функций одной переменной. В частности, доказано, что решением рассматриваемого однородного уравнения является
произведение собственных функций линейных операторов, входящих в состав уравнения. Для однородного уравнения доказана теорема о~взаимосвязи решений исходного уравнения и
некоторого вспомогательного линейного уравнения, а также получено решение уравнения для случая, когда линейные дифференциальные операторы, входящие в его состав, имеют
пропорциональные собственные значения. Получены решения типа бегущей волны, в том числе решения степенного и экспоненциального вида, а также в~виде произвольной функции от
линейной комбинации независимых переменных. В случае, когда линейные операторы, входящие в состав уравнения, являются однородными, найдены решения в виде обобщенных мономов. Для
неоднородного уравнения получены частные решения в случаях, когда правая часть содержит только независимые переменные, и когда правая часть содержит степенную или
экспоненциальную нелинейность от искомой функции, и степени первых производных от этой функции.
On positive solutions of the boundary
value problem for a nonlinear integro-differential equation on a semi-infinite interval
Authors: Хачатрян Х.А. , Петросян А.С.
Published: June 2020

Работа посвящена изучению и решению одной граничной задачи для нелинейного
интегро-дифференциального уравнения первого порядка на положительной полупрямой с
некомпактным интегральным оператором Гаммерштейна. Указанная задача возникает в
кинетической теории плазмы. В частности, соответствующим нелинейным
интегро-дифференциальным уравнением описывается задача стационарного распределения
электронов в полубесконечной плазме при наличии внешнего потенциального электрического
поля. Данная граничная задача выводится из нелинейного модельного уравнения Больцмана,
где роль неизвестной функции играет первая координата электрического поля. В зависимости
от значений физического параметра, входящего в уравнение, в работе доказываются
конструктивные теоремы существования однопараметрических семейств положительных решений
в~пространстве Соболева $W_1^1(\mathbb{R}^+).$ Исследуется также асимптотическое
поведение построенных решений на бесконечности. Доказательства указанных утверждений
основаны на построении однопараметрического семейства конусных отрезков, которые
соответствующий нелинейный монотонный оператор сверточного типа оставляет инвариантным.
Далее, используя некоторые априорные оценки представляющие самостоятельный интерес, а
также результаты из теории линейных консервативных однородных интегральных уравнений
В конце статьи приводятся важные приложения и конкретные примеры.
La sigla, un recurso eficaz en la prensa peruana
Authors: Gonzales Cruz Eliana
Published: June 2020

Hoy en día el uso de las siglas resulta de gran interés e importancia debido a la predominancia que estas tienen en un escrito (periódicos, revistas, libros, informes, etc.); sin embargo, también podemos visualizar su empleo en los medios de comunicación audiovisual masivos como la radio y la televisión, en ambos aspectos se utiliza para identificar las denominaciones de las instituciones de todo tipo. Este uso se ve reflejado en la capacidad de síntesis unido al ahorro de espacio en cuanto a letras y palabras se refiere. En ese sentido, el presente estudio a través de un análisis descriptivo está orientado a explicar qué es lo que condiciona el uso de las siglas como recurso eficaz, pues al ser usadas o mencionadas en titulares pueden resultar ininteligibles para el lector u oyente por el desconocimiento que tienen en su significación o en cuanto a las reglas
formales que se sigue para su construcción diferenciando su tipología. Por último, es importante resaltar que el uso de estas es más recurrente en el ámbito periodístico, ya que se dispone en estos medios espacios limitados en donde se está obligado a ajustarse a ellos.
José Ruiz Rosas: el brillo esencial detrás de la oscuridad perfecta
Authors: Pantigoso Manuel
Published: June 2020

Luego del perfil biográfico, se destaca la presencia de José Ruiz Rosas dentro de la generación del 50 y las coincidencias de su lírica con el giro clásico y moderno de Carlos Germán Belli; y también con el trascendentalismo poético de César Atahualpa Rodríguez. Se estudian otros temas de su poética: la animación de los objetos, el candor irónico, la poeticidad y la entraña arequipeña y humanista, para culminar con las conclusiones
sobre una poesía que permite acercarse al conocimiento esencial del ser humano.
La poesía de José María Eguren: tradición e innovación
Authors: Martos Carrera Marco
Published: June 2020

La poesía de José María Eguren ha sido considerada alternativamente como simbolista o como modernista terminal. Frente a la revolución que significa la poesía de César Vallejo, la de nuestro vate elegido es considerada una poesía tradicional. El artículo procura mostrar cómo, conociendo bien la evolución literaria del género, Eguren se desliza hacia una modernidad absoluta que lo hace uno de los poetas más originales de la tradición en lengua española.
Más vale artículo en mano que ver un ciento volar. Contribución de la literatura a la escritura de artículos científicos
Authors: Cartay Rafael
Published: June 2020

Los participantes a los talleres de redacción de artículos científicos plantean con frecuencia inquietudes en relación con la escritura de las distintas secciones de la estructura del artículo: título, resumen, introducción, metodología, contenido y discusión. Como los hallazgos científicos deben ser transmitidos con claridad, brevedad y en un estilo coherente, planteo que los científicos interesados en transmitir con propiedad tales
conocimientos se beneficien de la ayuda de los escritores, cuyo propósito principal es el de transmitir al lector de manera clara y amena las descripciones de paisajes, los estados de ánimo y los pensamientos y acciones de sus personajes de ficción.
Hacia una periodización de la poesía peruana del siglo XX
Authors: Landa Luis
Published: June 2020

El presente texto resume cuatro alcances de una investigación que devino en la tesis doctoral de 2018: «Asir el tiempo de la palabra: revisión de la periodización de la poesía peruana del siglo XX». De tal forma, se da cuenta del vacío en el estudio que se centra exclusivamente en la evolución de nuestra poesía. Como derivado de esta deficiente situación, la transmisión de la historia que se desarrolla desde la escuela hasta los estudios superiores expresa una mezcla de conceptos —como movimientos, corrientes, épocas y generaciones— que no grafican la naturaleza de la lírica. Por ello, en este artículo, se muestra la alternativa de la tesis de apostar por el concepto «periodo»
que reorganice la percepción de la poesía peruana durante el siglo xx. Con un panorama de cuatro periodos, se reordenan las manifestaciones poéticas que surgieron desde los últimos años del siglo xix, así como las que se vienen mostrando en estas primeras décadas del siglo xxi. Asimismo, se descarta la automática forma de apreciar la
organización de poetas por décadas bajo el falso carácter de una generación artificial.
Recursos lexicográficos del corrector de estilo: Aportes del Diccionario del español del Uruguay
Authors: Lucián Eliana , Bértola Cecilia
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se reflexiona acerca de los recursos lexicográficos como herramienta para la corrección de estilo. Se parte de la importancia de conocer los parámetros de enunciación al momento de corregir para optar por los instrumentos de consulta lingüística y lexicográfica que mejor se adecuen a la variedad de español con la que se esté trabajando. Luego, se caracteriza el Diccionario del español del Uruguay (DEU) en su
función de marco de referencia para la variedad uruguaya de español. Posteriormente, a partir de ejemplos textuales concretos extraídos del medio literario y periodístico nacional, se analizan situaciones de corrección. Finalmente, se concluye que el deu legitima ciertas voces de la variedad de español uruguaya y omite otras o es ambiguo en su formulación.
La masculinización del lenguaje femenino en películas y monólogos peruanos
Authors: Gutiérrez Luyo Alexis Fernando , Lovón Cueva Marco Antonio
Published: June 2020

La masculinización del lenguaje femenino es un tema que ha sido poco investigado. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo principal explicar el fenómeno de la masculinización que se presenta en el lenguaje de las mujeres en el Perú, recreado en espacios como el cine y los monólogos. Metodológicamente, se examina la utilización de palabras y frases
masculinizadas proferidas por las mujeres en dos películas y dos monólogos (stand up comedy). En el trabajo se concluye que el habla masculinizada responde a la perfomance del sujeto en relación con determinados contextos situacionales y sociales.
El sufijo de plural en castellano: frecuencia y cognición
Authors: Casas Navarro Raymundo
Published: June 2020

Los estudios sobre frecuencia léxica parten de la denominada ley de Zipf (1949), según la cual las palabras más frecuentes en las lenguas tienden a la menor longitud (en términos de número de fonemas o sílabas), lo que revela una asimetría como una propiedad prevalente del lenguaje. Aunque tal regularidad estadística se suele analizar desde el expediente de la economía verbal en los gestos articulatorios, la perspectiva más reciente trata de dilucidar los aspectos relacionados con la memoria léxica o con la cognición en general. En este escenario, nos interesa abordar el fenómeno de la frecuencia reversible en los plurales: contra la propensión general de que las formas singulares sean más frecuentes que las formas plurales, hay un grupo exiguo de palabras en el que las formas plurales exhiben mayor frecuencia que las correspondientes formas singulares. Teniendo en cuenta la imponente base de datos conocida como el listado de frecuencias del Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA), hemos analizado una muestra de 40 palabras que ostenta la frecuencia
reversible de manera consistente. Nuestro cometido es intentar formular una explicación plausible en el marco promisorio de la fonología cognitiva en términos de una relación entre el polo fonológico y el polo semántico, razón por la cual postulamos una relación conceptual entre el acceso al léxico y la frecuencia de palabras.
Öğretmenlerin Politik Becerileri ile Problem Çözme Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: BOZKURT Büşra Nur , ÖZGENEL Mustafa
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı öğretmenlerin politik becerileri ile problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında İstanbul ili devlet okullarında görev yapan 440 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma modeli olarak ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veriler Özdemir ve Gören (2015) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan ‘‘Politik Beceri Envanteri’’ ve Çekici (2009) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan ‘‘Sosyal Problem Çözme Envanteri’’ yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler bağımsız gruplar t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), korelâsyon ve regresyon analizleri ile çözümlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin politik becerilerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunurken, problem çözme becerilerinde cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır. Aynı zamanda öğretmenlerin politik becerilerinin ve problem çözme becerilerin eğitim düzeyi, kıdem ve okul kademesi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre öğretmenlerin politik becerileri ile problem çözme becerileri arasında düşük düzeyde ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca politik becerilerin problem çözme becerilerini anlamlı şekilde yordadığı tespit edilmiştir.
HEREDITARY BREAST CANCER SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Motuziuk I. , Sydorchuk O. , Kostiuchenko Y. , Kovtun N. , Poniatovskyi P. , Holubovska A.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In this article we present analysis results of the surgical treatment of 56 breast cancer patients who have a high risk of heredity of the disease and meet one or more criteria of genetic testing according to the NCCN vers. 2.2019 guidelines. According to the results of genetic testing by DNA sequencing, 33 mutations were found in 12 genes in 52.7 % of patients. It has been shown that the type of surgery differs depending on the result of genetic testing.
TREATMENT OF TUMORS PANCREATODUODENAL ZONE, COMPLICATED BY OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE USING BILIARY DECOMPRESSION
Authors: Veligotsky N. , Arutyunov S. , Balaka S. , Chebotarev A.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the research. To develop an algorithm for the two-stage treatment of patients with tumors pancreatoduodenal zone complicated by obstructive jaundice using biliary decompression techniques at the first stage and conducting pancreatoduodenal resection at the second stage of treatment.

Materials and methods. Preliminary biliary decompression was conducted in 51 patients with prolonged obstructive jaundice and high bilirubin numbers (above 250 μmol/l). The following minimally invasive options were used for biliary decompression: percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage in 21 (41.2 %), endoscopic stenting in 18 (35.3 %), various cholecystostomy (percutaneous transhepatic, contact, video laparoscopic) in 12 (25, 8 %) patients. A two-stage method has been developed for the treatment of pancreatic tumors complicated by obstructive jaundice.

Results. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage was performed under ultrasound-X-ray navigation — in 11 (52.4 %), under angiographic control — in 10 (47.6 %) patients. Endoscopic stenting was performed in 18 (35.3 %) patients; plastic stents were used. Three options were used for pancreatojejunoanastomos: invagination ductopancreatojejunal — in 31 (60.8 %), invagination pancreatojejunal — in 16 (31.4 %), pancreatojejunal with bandage plasty of the crescent ligament of the liver — in 4 (7.8 %) patients. Diagnosis of pancreatic fistula was carried out according to the classification of ISGPF (2016). Biochemical leak was observed in 3 (5.9 %), pancreatic fistula (type B) in 2 (3.9 %) patients. Post-operative gastrostasis was detected in 3 (5.9 %) patients.

Conclusions. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage and endoscopic stenting are the most effective methods of biliary decompression. The use of biliary decompression in patients with pancreatic tumors complicated by the development of obstructive jaundice allows patients to prepare for the execution of PDR with reduced perioperative risk.
Predictive Density Aggregation
Authors: Caselli Francesca , Grigoli Francesco , Lafarguette Romain , Wang Changchun
Published: June 2020

In this paper we propose a novel approach to obtain the predictive density of global GDP growth. It hinges upon a bottom-up probabilistic model that estimates and combines single countries’ predictive GDP growth densities, taking into account cross-country interdependencies. Speci?cally,
we model non-parametrically the contemporaneous interdependencies across the United States,
the euro area, and China via a conditional kernel density estimation of a joint distribution. Then, we characterize the potential ampli?cation e?ects stemming from other large economies in each region—also with kernel density estimations—and the reaction of all other economies with para-metric assumptions. Importantly, each economy’s predictive density also depends on a set of observable country-speci?c factors. Finally, the use of sampling techniques allows us to aggregate individual countries’ densities into a world aggregate while preserving the non-i.i.d. nature of the global GDP growth distribution. Out-of-sample metrics con?rm the accuracy of our approach.
The Fiscal State-Dependent Effects of Capital Income Tax Cuts
Authors: Fotiou Alexandra , Shen Wenyi , Susan Yang Shu-Chun
Published: June 2020

Using the post-WWII data of U.S. federal corporate income tax changes, within a Smooth Transition VAR, this paper finds that the output effect of capital income tax cuts is government debt-dependent: it is less expansionary when debt is high than when it is low. To explore the mechanisms that can drive this fiscal state-dependent tax effect, the paper uses a DSGE model with regime-switching fiscal policy and finds that a capital income tax cut is stimulative to the extent that it is unlikely to result in a future fiscal adjustment. As government debt increases to a sufficiently high level, the probability of future fiscal adjustments starts rising, and the expansionary effects of a capital income tax cut can diminish substantially, whether the expected adjustments are through a policy reversal or a consumption tax increase. Also, a capital income tax cut need not always have large revenue feedback effects as suggested in the literature.
Tec(h)tonic Shifts
Authors: Aslam Aqib , Shah Alpa
Published: June 2020

The ever-increasing digitalization of businesses has accelerated the need to address the many shortcomings and unresolved issues within the international corporate income tax system. In particular, the customer or “user”—through their online activities—is now considered by many as being a critical driving force behind the value of digital services. Furthermore, the rapid growth of digital service providers over the last decade has made them an increasingly popular target for special taxes—similar to wealth and solidarity taxes—which can also help mobilize much-needed revenues in the wake of a crisis. This paper argues that a plausible conceptual case can be made to tax the value generated by users under the corporate income tax. However, a number of issues need to be tackled for user-based tax measures to become a reality, which include agreement among countries on whether user value justifies a reallocation of taxing rights, establishing the legal right to tax income derived from user value, as well as an appropriate metric for valuing user-generated data if it is ever to be used as a tax base. Furthermore, attempting to tax only certain types of business is ill-advised, especially as user data is now being exploited widely enough for it to be recognized as an input for almost all businesses. Several options present themselves for consideration—from a modified permanent establishment definition combined with taxation by formulary apportionment, to user-based royalty-type taxes—each with their own merits and misdemeanors.
Tax Elasticity Estimates for Capital Stocks in Canada
Authors: Wen Jean-François , Yilmaz Fatih , Trejo Danea
Published: June 2020

The paper provides estimates of the long-run, tax-adjusted, user cost elasticity of capital (UCE) in a small open economy, exploiting three sources of variation in Canadian tax policy: across provinces, industries, and years. Estimates of the UCE with Canadian data are less prone to the endogeneity problems arising from the effects of tax policy changes on the interest rate or on the price of capital equipment. Reductions in the federal corporate income tax rate during the early 2000s for service industries but not for manufacturing, which already benefited from a preferential tax rate, contribute to the identification of the UCE. To capture the long-run relationship between the capital stock and the user cost of capital, an error correction model (ECM) is estimated. Supplementary results are obtained from a distributed lag model in first differences (DLM). With the ECM, our baseline UCE for machinery and equipment (M&E) is -1.312. The corresponding semi-elasticity of the stock of M&E with respect to the METR is about -0.2, suggesting, for example, that a 5 percentage point reduction in the METR, say from 15 to 10 percent, would in the long run generate an increase of 1.0 percent in the stock of M&E. The UCE for non-residential construction is statistically insignificantly different from zero.
Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid
Authors: Stolzenburg Dominik , Simon Mario , Ranjithkumar Ananth , Kürten Andreas , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Gordon Hamish , Ehrhart Sebastian , Finkenzeller Henning , Pichelstorfer Lukas , Nieminen Tuomo , He Xu-Cheng , Brilke Sophia , Xiao Mao , Amorim António , Baalbaki Rima , Baccarini Andrea , Beck Lisa , Bräkling Steffen , Caudillo Murillo Lucía , Chen Dexian , Chu Biwu , Dada Lubna , Dias António , Dommen Josef , Duplissy Jonathan , El Haddad Imad , Fischer Lukas , Gonzalez Carracedo Loic , Heinritzi Martin , Kim Changhyuk , Koenig Theodore K. , Kong Weimeng , Lamkaddam Houssni , Lee Chuan Ping , Leiminger Markus , Li Zijun , Makhmutov Vladimir , Manninen Hanna E. , Marie Guillaume , Marten Ruby , Müller Tatjana , Nie Wei , Partoll Eva , Petäjä Tuukka , Pfeifer Joschka , Philippov Maxim , Rissanen Matti P. , Rörup Birte , Schobesberger Siegfried , Schuchmann Simone , Shen Jiali , Sipilä Mikko , Steiner Gerhard , Stozhkov Yuri , Tauber Christian , Tham Yee Jun , Tomé António , Vazquez-Pufleau Miguel , Wagner Andrea C. , Wang Mingyi , Wang Yonghong , Weber Stefan K. , Wimmer Daniela , Wlasits Peter J. , Wu Yusheng , Ye Qing , Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Baltensperger Urs , Carslaw Kenneth S. , Curtius Joachim , Donahue Neil M. , Flagan Richard C. , Hansel Armin , Kulmala Markku , Lelieveld Jos , Volkamer Rainer , Kirkby Jasper , Winkler Paul M.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In the present-day atmosphere, sulfuric acid is the most
important vapour for aerosol particle formation and initial growth. However,
the growth rates of nanoparticles (<10 nm) from sulfuric acid
remain poorly measured. Therefore, the effect of stabilizing bases, the
contribution of ions and the impact of attractive forces on molecular
collisions are under debate. Here, we present precise growth rate
measurements of uncharged sulfuric acid particles from 1.8 to 10 nm, performed
under atmospheric conditions in the CERN (European
Organization for Nuclear Research) CLOUD chamber. Our results show
that the evaporation of sulfuric acid particles above 2 nm is negligible,
and growth proceeds kinetically even at low ammonia concentrations. The
experimental growth rates exceed the hard-sphere kinetic limit for the
condensation of sulfuric acid. We demonstrate that this results from
van der Waals forces between the vapour molecules and particles and
disentangle it from charge–dipole interactions. The magnitude of the
enhancement depends on the assumed particle hydration and collision
kinetics but is increasingly important at smaller sizes, resulting in a
steep rise in the observed growth rates with decreasing size. Including the
experimental results in a global model, we find that the enhanced growth rate of
sulfuric acid particles increases the predicted particle number concentrations
in the upper free troposphere by more than 50 %.
Compact and Lightweight Mid-IR Laser Spectrometer for Balloon-borne Water Vapor Measurements in the UTLS
Authors: Graf Manuel , Scheidegger Philipp , Kupferschmid André , Looser Herbert , Peter Thomas , Dirksen Ruud , Emmenegger Lukas , Tuzson Béla
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We describe the development, characterization and first field deployments of a quantum cascade laser direct absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) for water vapor measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The instrument is sufficiently small (30×23×11 cm3) and lightweight (3.9 kg) to be carried by meteorological balloons and used for frequent soundings in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The spectrometer is a fully independent system, operating autonomously for the duration of a balloon flight. To achieve the required robustness, while satisfying stringent mass limitations, the concepts for optics and electronics have been fundamentally reconsidered compared to laboratory-based spectrometers. A significant enhancement of the mechanical and optical stability is achieved by integrating a segmented circular multipass cell. The H2O mixing ratio is retrieved by calibration-free evaluation of the spectral data, i.e., only relying on SI-traceable measurements and absorption line parameters. An open-path design reduces the risk of contamination, allows fast response and thus high vertical resolution. Laboratory-based characterization experiments show an agreement within 2 % to reference measurements and a precision of 0.1 % under conditions comparable to the UTLS. The instrument successfully performed two balloon-borne test flights up to 28 km altitude. In the troposphere, the retrieved spectroscopic data was in excellent agreement with the parallel measurements by a frost point hygrometer (CFH). At higher altitude, the quality of the spectral data remained unchanged, but outgassed water vapor within the instrument enclosure was reducing the accuracy of the retrieved water vapor data. Despite this limitation, these test flights demonstrated the successful deployment of a laser spectrometer in the UTLS aboard a low-volume meteorological balloon, with the perspective of future highly resolved, accurate and cost-efficient soundings.
A simplified method for the detection of convection using high resolution imagery from GOES-16
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Kummerow Christian D. , Zupanski Milija
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The ability to detect convective regions and assimilating the proper heating in these regions is the most important skill in forecasting severe weather systems. Since radars are most directly related to precipitation and are available in high temporal resolution, their data are often used for both detecting convection and estimating latent heating. However, radar data are limited to land areas, largely in developed nations, and early convection is not detectable from radars until drops become large enough to produce significant echoes. Visible and Infrared sensors on a geostationary satellite can provide data that are less sensitive to drop size, but they also have shortcomings: their information is almost exclusively from the cloud top. Relatively new geostationary satellites, GOES-16 and GOES-17, along with Himawari-8, can make up for some of this lack of vertical information through the use of very high spatial and temporal resolutions. This study develops two algorithms to detect convection at different life stages using 1-minute GOES-16 ABI data. Two case studies are used to explain the two methods, followed by results applied to one month of data over the contiguous United States. Vertically growing clouds in early stages were detected using decreases in brightness temperatures over ten minutes. Of the detected clouds, the method correctly identifies 71.0 % to be convective. For mature convective clouds which no longer show decreases in brightness temperature, the lumpy texture, and rapid temporal evolution can be observed using 1-minute high spatial resolution reflectance data. The algorithm that uses texture and evolution for mature convection detects with an accuracy of 85.8 %. 54.7 % of clouds that are identified as convective by the ground-based radars are missed by the satellite. These convective clouds are largely under optically thick cloud shields.
The contribution of microbial communities in polymetallic nodules to the diversity of the deep-sea microbiome of the Peru Basin (4130–4198 m depth)
Authors: Molari Massimiliano , Janssen Felix , Vonnahme Tobias R. , Wenzhöfer Frank , Boetius Antje
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Industrial-scale mining of deep-sea polymetallic nodules will
remove nodules in large areas of the sea floor. The regrowth of the nodules
by metal precipitation is estimated to take millions of years. Thus, for
future mining impact studies, it is crucial to understand the role of
nodules in shaping microbial diversity and function in deep-sea
environments. Here we investigated microbial-community composition based on
16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from sediments and nodules of the Peru
Basin (4130–4198 m water depth). The nodule field of the Peru Basin
showed a typical deep-sea microbiome, with dominance of the classes
Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and
Acidimicrobiia. Nodules and sediments host distinct bacterial and archaeal
communities, with nodules showing lower diversity and a higher proportion of
sequences related to potential metal-cycling Bacteria (i.e.
Magnetospiraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers
(i.e. AqS1, unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Nitrospira), and bacterial sequences found
in the oceanic crust, nodules, hydrothermal deposits, and sessile fauna. Sediment
and nodule communities overall shared a low proportion of operational
taxonomic units (OTUs; 21 % for Bacteria and 19 % for Archaea). Our
results show that nodules represent a specific ecological niche (i.e. hard
substrate, high metal concentrations, and sessile fauna), with a potentially
relevant role in organic-carbon degradation. Differences in nodule community
composition (e.g. Mn-cycling bacteria, nitrifiers) between the
Clarion–Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) and the Peru Basin suggest that
changes in environmental setting (e.g. sedimentation rates) also play a
significant role in structuring the nodule microbiome.
Field observations of soil hydrological flow path evolution over 10 millennia
Authors: Hartmann Anne , Semenova Ekaterina , Weiler Markus , Blume Theresa
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Preferential flow strongly controls water flow and transport in soils.
It is ubiquitous but difficult to characterize and predict. This study addresses the occurrence and the evolution of preferential flow during the evolution of landscapes and here specifically during the evolution of hillslopes.
We targeted a chronosequence of glacial moraines in the Swiss Alps to investigate how water flow paths evolve along with the soil-forming processes.
Dye tracer irrigation experiments with a Brilliant Blue FCF solution (4 g L−1) were conducted on four moraines of different ages (30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years).
At each moraine, three dye tracer experiments were conducted on plots of 1.5 m ×1.0 m.
The three plots at each moraine were characterized by different vegetation complexities (low, medium, and high). Each plot was further divided into three equal subplots for the application of three different irrigation amounts (20, 40, and 60 mm) with an average irrigation intensity of 20 mm h−1.
The day after the experiment five vertical soil sections were excavated, and the stained flow paths were photographed. Digital image analysis was used to derive average infiltration depths and flow path characteristics such as the volume and surface density of the dye patterns. Based on the volume density, the observed dye patterns were assigned to specific flow type categories.
The results show a significant change in the type of preferential flow paths along the chronosequence. The flow types change from a rather homogeneous matrix flow in coarse material with high conductivities and a sparse vegetation cover at the youngest moraine to a heterogeneous infiltration pattern at the medium-age moraines. Heterogeneous matrix and finger flow are dominant at these intermediate age classes. At the oldest moraine only macropore flow via root channels was observed in deeper parts of the soil, in combination with a very high water storage capacity of the organic top layer and low hydraulic conductivity of the deeper soil. In general, we found an increase in water storage with increasing age of the moraines, based on our observations of the reduction in infiltration depth as well as laboratory measurements of porosity. Preferential flow is, however, not only caused by macropores, but especially for the medium-age moraine, it seems to be mainly initiated by soil surface characteristics (vegetation patches and microtopography).
Combined numerical and experimental study of microstructure and permeability in porous granular media
Authors: Eichheimer Philipp , Thielmann Marcel , Fujita Wakana , Golabek Gregor J. , Nakamura Michihiko , Okumura Satoshi , Nakatani Takayuki , Kottwitz Maximilian O.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Fluid flow on different scales is of interest for several Earth science disciplines like petrophysics, hydrogeology and volcanology. To parameterize fluid flow in large-scale numerical simulations (e.g. groundwater and volcanic systems), flow properties on the microscale need to be considered. For this purpose experimental and numerical investigations of flow through porous media over a wide range of porosities are necessary. In the present study we sinter glass bead media with various porosities and measure the permeability experimentally. The microstructure, namely effective porosity and effective specific surface, is investigated using image processing. We determine flow properties like tortuosity and permeability using numerical simulations.
We test different parameterizations for isotropic low-porosity media on their potential to predict permeability by comparing their estimations to computed and experimentally measured values.
Passive seismic recording of cryoseisms in Adventdalen, Svalbard
Authors: Romeyn Rowan , Hanssen Alfred , Ruud Bent Ole , Stemland Helene Meling , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A series of transient seismic events were discovered in passive seismic recordings from 2D geophone arrays deployed at a frost polygon site in Adventdalen, Svalbard. These events contain a high proportion of surface wave energy and produce high-quality dispersion images through an innovative source localisation approach, based on apparent offset resorting and inter-trace delay minimisation, followed by cross-correlation beamforming dispersion imaging. The dispersion images are highly analogous to surface wave studies of pavements and display a complex multimodal dispersion pattern. Supported by theoretical modelling based on a highly simplified arrangement of horizontal layers, we infer that a ~ 3.5–4.5 m thick, stiff, high-velocity layer overlies a ~ 30 m thick layer that is significantly softer and slower at our study site. Based on previous studies we link the upper layer with syngenetic ground-ice formed in aeolian sediments, while the underlying layer is linked to epigenetic permafrost in marine-deltaic sediments containing unfrozen saline pore water. Comparing events from spring and autumn shows that temporal variation can be resolved via passive seismic monitoring. The transient seismic events that we record occur during periods of rapidly changing air temperature. This correlation along with the spatial clustering along the elevated river terrace in a known frost polygon, ice-wedge area and the high proportion of surface wave energy constitutes the primary evidence for us to interpret these events as frost quakes, a class of cryoseism. In this study we have proved the concept of passive seismic monitoring of permafrost in Adventdalen, Svalbard.
Do haematological profiles of cows in drought prone areas differ with conformation?
Authors: Dzavo Takunda , Zindove Titus J. , Dhliwayo Marshall , Chimonyo Michael , Tivapasi Musavenga T.
Published: June 2020

Aim of study: Severe and frequent droughts have resulted in loss of thousands of rangeland cattle worldwide. The objectives of the current study were to assess the reduction in dimensionality of seven conformation traits and to determine the relationships between extracted constructs and haematological parameters associated with drought resilience in beef cows.Area of study: Muzarabani district, Zimbabwe.Material and methods: Fifty multiparous Mashona cows kept on natural rangelands were used. The collinearity of seven conformation traits of the cows was reduced using principal component analysis. The relationships between the principal components and hematological profiles of the cows were subsequently determined using regression analysis.Main results: First extracted principal component described body capacity (body depth, flank circumference, chest girth). The second component described the frame size (stature and body length) of the cows and the third component was comprised of sheath height and dewlap size. Cows characterised by deep bodies, large flanks and chest girths had low percent haematocrit (HCT), mean capsular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution (RDW) (p<0.05). Small-framed cows were associated with low mean platelet volume (MPV), HCT, MCHC and RDW levels in blood (p<0.05). As principal component 3 of conformation traits increased, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, RDW and MPV decreased (p<0.05).Research highlights: Small-framed cows with large thoracic capacities, large dewlaps and belly bottoms far away from the ground surface are able to maintain haematological normalcy under rangelands in drought prone areas.
Verzet onder juristen tegen ‘onrechtvaardig recht’ in de Tweede Wereldoorlog, in het bijzonder tegen de antisemitische maatregelen van de bezetter
Authors: Jansen C.J.H. (Corjo)
Published: June 2020

Verzet onder juristen tegen ‘onrechtvaardig recht’ in de Tweede Wereldoorlog

Na de bevrijding ontstond al snel het beeld dat ‘de’ Nederlanders zich tijdens de oorlog heldhaftig hadden verzet tegen de Jodenvervolging en het nationaalsocialistische onrecht. De naoorlogse berichten over de moord op meer dan 102.000 Nederlandse Joden brachten dit zelfbeeld nauwelijks aan het wankelen. Dat werd anders, toen in de jaren zestig van de vorige eeuw bleek dat de nazi’s gedurende de Tweede Wereldoorlog uit geen enkel land in West-Europa zo veel Joden hadden gedeporteerd en omgebracht als uit Nederland. Deze bijdrage staat stil bij het verzet van Nederlandse juristen tegen onrechtvaardig recht, in het bijzonder tegen de antisemitische maatregelen.
Eichmanns verdediging in Jeruzalem
Authors: Rozemond N. (Klaas)
Published: June 2020

Eichmanns verdediging in Jeruzalem

Adolf Eichmann is het duidelijkste voorbeeld van het prototype van de verdachte die zich als gehoorzame dader presenteerde. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van het daderperspectief zoals Eichmann dat op de zitting in Jeruzalem schetste. Betoogd wordt dat in het licht van het vonnis van de Rechtbank Jeruzalem uit 1961 en de kennis van nu, dat perspectief als een vorm van misleiding kan worden beschouwd.
MUZEUM… I CO DALEJ?
Authors: Majewski Piotr
Published: June 2020

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