bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF MICROHARDNESS OF ARTIFICIAL TEETH WITH DIFFERENT CONTENTS AFTER WAITING IN VARIOUS LIQUIDS
Authors: GÖZE SAYGIN Ayşegül , YILDIRIMOĞLU Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the long-term microhardness of different artificial teeth after waiting in liquids of various pH values.
Materials and Methods: Four different artificial teeth [conventional PMMA(Ivostar) as control group), double cross-linked PMMA(DCL), micro-filled composite resin(VivodentPE), nanohybrid composite resin(PhonaresiII)] were used for the study. After the samples fixed on acrylic blocks were immersed in distilled water at 37˚C for 24 hours, initial microhardness (T0) measurements were performed. Randomly selected samples from each group were immersed in liquids with different pH values (artificial saliva, kefir, orange juice, cola). Measurements repeated on the 7th day on the same samples were recorded as T1, and measurements repeated on the 14th day were recorded as T2. The data obtained were evaluated in the SPSS 22.0 program. Friedman and Kruskall Wallis tests were used to compare of the groups.
Results: While the highest initial microhardness averages were found in the Phonares II group, the lowest average belongs to the Ivostar group. Microhardness findings of all materials measured at different times were obtained in the order of T0>T1>T2. When the data of samples aged in different liquids are compared, significant differences are observed (p<0.05). When the microhardness measurements of a single material exposed in different solutions were compared, no difference was found between the solutions (p>0.05)
Conclusions: A decrease in microhardness of materials that are immersed in liquids with different pH values for a long time was observed, and the microhardness of the materials exposed to these solutions is adversely affected.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE METAL FATIGUE OF DIFFERENT NICKEL-TITANIUM ROTARY INSTRUMENTS AFTER PROLONGED USE
Authors: AKPINAR Kerem Engin , KUTLU CENGİZ Gizem
Published: June 2022

Objective:This study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue (CF) resistance of nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) endodontic instruments from ProTaper (PTU), ProTaper Next (PTN), Wave One (WO), and Reciproc (RPC).
Materials and Methods:In our study, PTU, PTN, WO, and RPC rotary files were divided into the experimental and control groups containing an equal number of samples. The experimental group files were used in the shaping of 80 extracted human lower premolar and lower molar teeth. The experimental and control group kits were then placed in the test apparatus and observed until they fractured. Fracture times were recorded and statistically evaluated.
Results:In the one-to-one comparisons of the experimental and control group files, while the differences between the fracture times of the experimental and control group files were found to be statistically insignificant in RPC, WO, PTU, and PTN X1 files (p>0.05), fracture time differences were statistically significant in all PTN X2 files (p<0.05). As a result of the pairwise comparison of the experimental and control groups, the difference between the experimental and control groups of the WO and RPC files used with reciprocal movement was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05).
Conclusion:The files used with reciprocal movement were found to be safer in terms of metal fatigue when compared to the other files used with rotational movement after the preparation.
Fænomenologi som dvælen ved erfaringens merhed
Authors: Kristiansen Martin Vestergaard
Published: June 2022

Mennesker med psykiske lidelser tenderer til at sprogliggøre deres smertefulde oplevelse som terapeutiske problemer, hvilket overskygger et andet perspektiv på erfaringen som passivt gennemlevet. Lidelsen bliver tematiseret som lidelse og derved tabes den lidelsesfulde verden af syne. Med udgangspunkt i et igangværende forskningsprojekt i socialangstens fænomenologi viser jeg i denne artikel hvordan dette udgør et problem for fænomenologisk  interviewforskning samt foreslår måder at overkomme problemet på. Først illustrerer jeg med interviewuddrag hvordan håndteringen af angsten samt dens oplevede fremmedhed indtager en fremtrædende plads i informanternes beskrivelser af angsterfaringen. Dernæst argumenterer jeg for nødvendigheden af en aktivt styrende interviewerindstilling hvor intervieweren kontinuerligt dvæler ved sprogliggørelsen af erfaringen med informanten. Jeg viser med uddrag fra to interviews hvordan informantens beskrivelse lader sig åbne af en fastholdelse og derpå fælles dvælen ved 1) konkrete detaljer i indholdet af beskrivelsen og 2) ved den personlige betydning af erfaringen. Idet jeg med disse greb bringer to forskellige metodologiske traditioner, i spil, henholdsvist  mikrofænomenologien og eksistentialfænomenologien, inviterer jeg med dette bidrag til pragmatisk debat mellem metodologiske skoler der har til fælles at de søger at afdække livsverdener.
Moving Out of View
Authors: Gan Yumei , DeSouza Darcey K.
Published: June 2022

The technological affordances of video-mediated communication (VMC) allow family members to sustain relationships at a distance. In this paper, based on 45 hours of video recorded family video calls in the US and China, we use the methodology of Conversation Analysis to examine one recurrent activity in our corpus: people moving out of camera view and becoming not visible during their video calls. We show how, depending on interactants’ current involvement in the call, temporarily suspending visibility occurs in tandem with suspending participation, but not always. This study makes unique contributions to reconceptualizing the relation between the technological affordances of visibility and people’s mobility and participation in family video calls, furthering the notion of what “open” connections look like in practice.
Proposal for a modified classification of isolated zygomatic arch fractures
Authors: Jung Seil , Yoon Sihyun , Nam Sang Hyun
Published: June 2022

Background: Although the zygomatic arch is an important structure determining facial prominence and width, no consensus exists regarding the classification of isolated zygomatic arch fractures, and the literature on this topic is scarce. To date, five papers have subdivided zygomatic arch fractures; however, only one of those proposed classifications includes the injury vector, although the injury vector is one of the most important factors to consider in fracture cases. Furthermore, the only classification that does include the injury vector is too complicated to be suitable for daily practice. In addition, the existing classifications are clinically limited because they do not consider greenstick fractures, nondisplaced fractures, or coronoid impingement. In the present study, we present a rearrangement of the previously published classifications and propose a modified classification of isolated zygomatic arch fractures that maximizes the advantages and overcomes the disadvantages of previous classification systems.Methods: The classification criteria for isolated zygomatic arch fractures described in five previous studies were analyzed, rearranged, and supplemented to generate a modified classification. The medical records, radiographs, and facial bone computed tomography findings of 134 patients with isolated zygomatic arch fractures who visited our hospital between January 2010 and December 2019 were also retrospectively analyzed.Results: We analyzed major classification criteria (displacement, the force vector of the injury, V-shaped fracture, and coronoid impingement) for isolated zygomatic arch fracture from the five previous studies and developed a modified classification by subdividing zygomatic arch fractures. We applied the modified classification to cases of isolated zygomatic arch fracture at our hospital. The surgery rate and injury severity differed significantly from fracture types I to VI.Conclusion: Using our modified classification, we could determine that both the injury force and the injury vector meaningfully influenced the surgery rate and the severity of the injuries.
Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the parotid gland: a case report
Authors: Ryoo Hyun Jung , Lim Jin Soo , Kim Min Cheol
Published: June 2022

Most malignant lymphomas of the head and neck region are non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype. The prevalence of malignant lymphoma among parotid tumors is low, approximately 1% to 4%. The most common symptom of parotid lymphoma is a unilateral, non-tender, firm mass that slowly grows in size over time. As its clinical manifestations are non-specific, a comprehensive assessment is required for an accurate diagnosis. The initial work-up includes imaging tools, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, NHL of the parotid gland is difficult to distinguish from other types of benign tumors prior to biopsy; histopathological evaluation and subsequent immunohistochemical staining are needed for the final diagnosis. Once a definitive diagnosis is established, patients should be referred to an oncologist for staging. Treatment is mainly based on systemic chemotherapy, whereas radiotherapy is indicated for certain cases. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man who presented with a progressively enlarging mass in the right parotid area, which was later diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland after superficial parotidectomy.
Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery after blunt trauma: case report and literature review
Authors: Kang Inho , Mo Young Woong , Jung Gyu Yong , Shin Hea Kyeong
Published: June 2022

An 88-year-old man presented with a left temporal pulsatile mass that developed after blunt trauma. Based on suspicion of hematoma, needle aspiration was performed with the removal of approximately 15 mL of blood. No evident improvement was noted, and active arterial bleeding was observed at the needle puncture site. Doppler ultrasonography revealed a “yin-yang” sign, and the mass was diagnosed as a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial temporal artery. Under general anesthesia, the superficial temporal artery was ligated and the pseudoaneurysm was removed. Superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare facial tumor that generally occurs after blunt trauma. Due to its rarity, pseudoaneurysms are often misdiagnosed as hematoma. The treatment of choice is excision, although endovascular intervention is a potential treatment option. However, when a pseudoaneurysm is small, conservative treatment can be used.
A case of eccrine spiradenoma presenting as a painless, reddish nodule on the forearm
Authors: Saad Sarra , Ghariani Fetoui Nadia , Amri Feriel , Aounallah Amina , Mokni Sana , Ben Hamouda Mouna , Sriha Badereddine , Ghariani Najet , Belajouza Colandane , Denguezli Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Sir, Eccrine spiradenoma (ES) is a rare and benign adnexal tumor originating from the eccrine glands. It is usually located in the truncal region and is most common in young adults twenty to forty years old. Herein, we report a clinical, dermoscopic, and histological description of the case of an elderly male with an atypical tumor localization. A 74-year-old male presented with a painless, nodular mass on the anterior aspect of the left forearm, growing progressively over the previous year. He had no medical history. A dermatological examination revealed a solid, skin-colored nodule with a central ulceration and a peripheral collar, measuring approx. 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, not bleeding on contact (Fig. 1a). There were no similar nodules or palpable lymph nodes. Dermoscopy was performed with DermLite 4. It demonstrated a vascular pattern of branched vessels and a central ulceration with a reddish background and scattered blue clods. It also showed a yellowish-brown, serohematic crust surrounding the ulceration and the reddish background (Figs. 1b and 1c). Upon histopathologic examination, the excised nodule revealed a tumoral proliferation, which was well demarcated from the surrounding tissue. It consisted of sharply defined lobules and cords intertwined into a puzzle-like structure (Fig. 2a). Two cell populations were identified: small basaloid cells and larger cuboidal ones. The cells displayed high mitotic activity yet no abnormal mitotic figures and no necrotic background. The section also showed numerous amorphous eosinophilic deposits within the cell cords and a richly vascularized stroma (Fig. 2b). The excision was complete and there were no recurrences on subsequent checks.
Necrotizing fasciitis in sub-Saharan Africa: A study of 224 cases
Authors: Saka Bayaki , Tounkara Thierno Mamadou , Diatta Ahy Boubacar , Faye Ousmane , Niamba Pascal , Mouhari-Toure Abas , Ly Fatimata , Soumah Mohamed Maciré , Some-Korsaga Nina , Akakpo Abla Séfako , Diané Boh Fanta , Cissé Mohamed , Niang Suzane , Traore Adama , Pitché Palokinam
Published: June 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects, and outcome of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients and Method: We conducted a descriptive study in hospital dermatology departments in five sub-Saharan African countries over a two-year period (April 2017 to July 2019). Patients over fifteen years of age received for NF were included. Results: During the study period, 224 patients with NF were included. Their mean age was 51.9 ± 18.3 years and their sex ratio (M/F) was 1.3. NF was present in the lower limbs in 88.8% (n = 199) of the patients. The main local signs of NF were cutaneous necrosis (83.9%; n = 188) and spontaneous intense pain (75.9%; n = 170). NSAIDs (32.6%; n = 73), obesity (16.5%; n = 65), the use of decoctions/poultices (21.4%; n = 48), diabetes (16.5%; n = 37), nicotine addiction (11.6%; n = 26), alcoholism (8%; n = 18), voluntary cosmetic depigmentation (6.7%; n = 15), and HIV infection (3.8%; n = 8) were the main comorbidities. We recorded 14.7% (n = 33) of deaths. Conclusion: This study shows that NF of the lower extremities is the most often observed clinical form in sub-Saharan Africa. Some factors or comorbidities (diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, nicotine addiction) seem to be relatively frequent.
The realization of M. Tsvetaeva's poetry in the choral concert "Trinity Day" by Y. Falik
Authors: Shikhragimova Emiliya Robertovna
Published: June 2022

The name of the St. Petersburg composer Yuri Alexandrovich Falik is known both in Russia and abroad. He has created a large number of compositions in different genres. Falik pays considerable attention to choral music. His choral legacy is represented by a wide range of genres. These are miniatures, a choral concert, a poem and a choral cycle, Orthodox hymns and a Catholic ordinary mass. The range of the composer's poetic preferences is also rich. Falik refers to the poems of A. S. Pushkin, M. Y. Lermontov, A.A. Tarkovsky, A.I. Solzhenitsin, N. A. Klyuev, A.A. Akhmatova, N.S. Gumilev and M.I. Tsvetaeva. The article discusses the peculiarities of the implementation of the content of M. Tsvetaeva's poems by musical means in the choral concert "Trinity Day" by Yu. Falik. Starting from the folklore motifs embedded in the poems, Falik creates stylizations referring to Russian drawling songs, ditties, and the dialect characteristic of the folk tradition. The composer uses variation of melodic motifs, rhythmic variation, combines natural-fret means and chromatics, uses such techniques as choral staccato, glissando, imitation of instrumental tunes, introduces ostinate layers of sound. It is established that the composer managed to find such structural, melodic, rhythmic techniques and musical means that not only illustrate the content of the poems, but also reveal its new facets.
Applying the Principal Component Analysis for a deeper understanding of the groundwater system: case study of the Bacchiglione Basin (Veneto, Italy)
Authors: Meggiorin Mara , Bullo Pierluigi , Accoto Valentina , Passadore Giulia , Sottani Andrea , Rinaldo Andrea
Published: June 2022

In hydrogeology, it is often difficult to fully understand the hydraulic factors affecting the recharge of groundwater systems. Particularly, at a regional scale, the groundwater system can have different drivers depending on the considered area, i.e., soil permeability, paleochannels, and precipitation. Chemicalphysical (i.e. temperature) or hydrogeochemical data can help such understanding. However, this type of information is usually sparse at the regional scale, whereas extended groundwater piezometric head monitoring is more common. This study aims at exploiting these longitudinal observations of the hydraulic head to validate (and possibly bring more insights into) the geological structural model of aquifer systems. Clustering control points based on the piezometric head average annual variations can help the system conceptualization in two ways: (i) clusters can geographically identify areas with similar hydrogeological behavior; and (ii) the typical cluster annual variation with its ups and downs can bring insights on the recharge component of an aquifer system. Nevertheless, visual clustering can be a long and subjective procedure, thus this study suggests the use of the Principal Component Analysis to cluster the control points with a similar average annual variation of their recorded time series. This study supports the proposed analysis by applying it to the monitoring data of the Bacchiglione basin resulting in (i) clusters identified based on the number, moment, and lengths of groundwater level peaks and minima, (ii) wellgathered clusters in space, underpinning the groundwater hydrograph dependence on local driving factors. Furthermore, the investigation of clustering anomalies highlighted the relevance of the presence of time series with different recording periods pinpointing, however, the method’s capacity to spot a change in the hydrogeological cycle over the years.
Training for Teaching ‐ Reflective Observation of Beginning Teachers in Their First Year
Authors: Shaham Cahit
Published: June 2022

This study examines the experience of beginning teachers in their first year of teaching using reflection that reveals successes, challenges, musings, and deliberations. The study was conducted in the qualitative approach using analysis of categories and themes during an academic course
at Beit Berl College in Israel. Analysis of the reflections indicates that beginning teachers experience success in diverse ways of teaching and assessment alongside complex coping with problems of discipline and class management, contact with parents, and support of the mentoring teacher.
These findings indicate the importance of optimal absorption and opportunities for young teachers to express their strengths.
Oscillation of even order linear functional differential equations with mixed deviating arguments
Authors: Baculikova Blanka
Published: June 2022

In the paper, we study oscillation and asymptotic properties for even order linear functional differential equations \[y^{(n)}(t)=p(t)y(\tau(t))\] with mixed deviating arguments, i.e. when both delayed and advanced parts of \(\tau(t)\) are significant. The presented results essentially improve existing ones.
CAMSAP2 organizes a γ-tubulin-independent microtubule nucleation centre through phase separation
Authors: Imasaki Tsuyoshi , Kikkawa Satoshi , Niwa Shinsuke , Saijo-Hamano Yumiko , Shigematsu Hideki , Aoyama Kazuhiro , Mitsuoka Kaoru , Shimizu Takahiro , Aoki Mari , Sakamoto Ayako , Tomabechi Yuri , Sakai Naoki , Shirouzu Mikako , Taguchi Shinya , Yamagishi Yosuke , Setsu Tomiyoshi , Sakihama Yoshiaki , Nitta Eriko , Takeichi Masatoshi , Nitta Ryo
Published: June 2022

Microtubules are dynamic polymers consisting of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. The initial polymerization process, called microtubule nucleation, occurs spontaneously via αβ-tubulin. Since a large energy barrier prevents microtubule nucleation in cells, the γ-tubulin ring complex is recruited to the centrosome to overcome the nucleation barrier. However, a considerable number of microtubules can polymerize independently of the centrosome in various cell types. Here, we present evidence that the minus-end-binding calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 2 (CAMSAP2) serves as a strong nucleator for microtubule formation by significantly reducing the nucleation barrier. CAMSAP2 co-condensates with αβ-tubulin via a phase separation process, producing plenty of nucleation intermediates. Microtubules then radiate from the co-condensates, resulting in aster-like structure formation. CAMSAP2 localizes at the co-condensates and decorates the radiating microtubule lattices to some extent. Taken together, these in vitro findings suggest that CAMSAP2 supports microtubule nucleation and growth by organizing a nucleation centre as well as by stabilizing microtubule intermediates and growing microtubules.
Comparative analysis of machine learning methods to detect fake news in an Urdu language corpus
Authors: Rafique Adnan , Rustam Furqan , Narra Manideep , Mehmood Arif , Lee Ernesto , Ashraf Imran
Published: June 2022

Wide availability and large use of social media enable easy and rapid dissemination of news. The extensive spread of engineered news with intentionally false information has been observed over the past few years. Consequently, fake news detection has emerged as an important research area. Fake news detection in the Urdu language spoken by more than 230 million people has not been investigated very well. This study analyzes the use and efficacy of various machine learning classifiers along with a deep learning model to detect fake news in the Urdu language. Logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest (RF), naive Bayes, gradient boosting, and passive aggression have been utilized to this end. The influence of term frequency-inverse document frequency and BoW features has also been investigated. For experiments, a manually collected dataset that contains 900 news articles was used. Results suggest that RF performs better and achieves the highest accuracy of 0.92 for Urdu fake news with BoW features. In comparison with machine learning models, neural networks models long short term memory, and multi-layer perceptron are used. Machine learning models tend to show better performance than deep learning models.
Providing choice of feedback affects perceived choice but does not affect performance
Authors: Ziv Gal , Lidor Ronnie , Levin Oron
Published: June 2022

Background

Autonomy or choice can lead to improved learning in various educational domains. The purpose of this online study was to examine whether giving participants a choice regarding the frequency of their received feedback (either after each individual trial or after a block of trials) in a computerized alternate task-switching task, will affect their performance.

Methods

Participants (n = 148) were randomly assigned to three groups: choice group (n = 49), online feedback group (n = 51), and summary feedback group (n = 48). From those three groups we created two groups: a choice group and a no-choice group (n = 49 in each group). All participants performed eight familiarization trials, a pre-test of 24 trials, five blocks of 24 trials for practice, and a post-test of 24 trials. After completing the task, the participants were asked about their perceived feeling of choice and completed the short form of the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule.

Results

The participants in the choice group had higher perceived choice compared with the participants in the no-choice group (8.41 vs 5.47 out of 10, respectively). However, this higher perceived choice did not materialize into better performance during practice or in the post-test.
The potential of CircRNA1002 as a biomarker in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Ying , Li Ronghua , Cheng Da , Fu Xiaoyu , Fu Lei , Peng Shifang
Published: June 2022

Background

Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, there is a lack of effective diagnostic measures. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for monitoring the occurrence and development of HCC. However, a convenient and reliable serum circRNA biomarker is not currently available.

Materials & Methods

CircRNA expression profiles were explored using high-throughput sequencing technology, and targeted circRNAs and mRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The biological functions of circRNAs were investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Downstream miRNAs and mRNAs of dysregulated circRNAs were predicted using TargetScan, miRanda, and miRDB; then circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks were constructed based on sequencing data and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results

A total of 50,327 circRNAs were identified, with 1,187 circRNAs significantly differentially expressed between hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC and HBV asymptomatic carriers. Among these circRNAs, four (circRNA1002, circRNA7941, circRNA 39338, and circRNA44142) were validated by RT-qPCR as being statistically different either in HCC tissue or serum samples. circRNA1002 was significantly down-regulated in both HCC serum and tissue, indicating its reliability. Bioinformatics analysis showed that circRNA1002-associated genes were enriched in GO terms relating to hormone pathway and cell-cell interaction processes, which are involved in the progression of HCC.

Conclusion

Our circRNA analysis of HCC patients and HBV asymptomatic carriers showed that circRNA1002 may be a reliable serum biomarker for HCC. These results could provide an improved assay for the early detection of HCC.
Machine Learning Model to Detect the Liver Disease
Authors: waran Jagadees , waran Loges , Prasath Surya , arajan Thiyag , rajan Naga
Published: June 2022

We center around the issue of co-dismalness acknowledgment from patients clinical records. To this point, we utilize both old style AI and profound learning draws near. We use word embedding and pack of words portrayals, combined with include choice procedures. The objective of our work is to foster an order framework to recognize whether a specific ailment happens for a patient by concentrating on his/her past clinical records. The present medical services is vital perspective for each human, so there is a need to offer clinical types of assistance that are effectively accessible to everybody. The fundamental center is to anticipate the liver sickness in view of a computer programming approach utilizing characterization and element determination strategy. Irvine information base. The various properties like age, direct, orientation, absolute, of the liver patient dataset, are utilized to foresee the liver illnesses risk level. The examination different classifier results are done of component choice and without utilizing highlight determination method. The advancement of insightful liver infection characterization is finished by utilizing highlight choice and order methods in light of computer programming model. A productive medical care programming can aid a few exercises like guaging of the infections in light of the verifiable information of some another patient, picture handling of clinical pictures, an information distribution center for the executives of the entire foundation and so forth. Proposed work centers around the advancement of the product that will help in the expectation of the level infections in view of the different side effects. The improvement phase of the given programming incorporates consistent collaboration with the doctors so more precise outcomes can be produced. Different programming improvement models are talked about beneath. Liver malignant growth sickness expectation is a way to deal with store huge volume of information for removing design from that apportioning the information base into preparing and test dataset. Choosing the dataset, analyze on subset of factors for deciding the achievability to tackle the issue on which the disclosure to be finished. Clean the information for the preparation set for tracking down valuable elements to address the information relying upon the objective of the undertaking.
Traffic Flow Prediction Using RF Algorithm in Machine Learning
Authors: ash Ak , viya Ka , hish Nit , hupathi Set , murugan Bala
Published: June 2022

Traffic flow prediction is a time series problem to estimate the flow count at a future predicted time based on the data collected over previous periods from one or more observation locations. We analyzed each and every part of data given on an hourly basis and explored different patterns like how the flow of traffic in peak hours and off hours etc. We did detailed analysis and the model chosen are Random forest which is best suited for this dataset. The reason we chose Random Forest model for solving the problem was because of the accuracy and depth this model provides to the output. The reason for choosing Lane of Travel column as output of the model was because during the Data Analysis phase, we observed a pattern in which most of the data had a similarity and good relation with the Lane of Travel column and therefore it will provide us with high accuracy and consistency throughout the model. In the peak hours we should wait for long time whereas in normal hours we can move in certain period of time.
The Impact of Transformational Management Leadership on Organizational Creativity among Tikrit University Scientific Department Heads
Authors: Nasif Marwan Amer , Qasim Rakan Farooq
Published: June 2022

This study aims to identify the role of transformational leadership in promoting organizational creativity among the heads of scientific departments at Tikrit University, and the impact of the dimensions of transformational leadership (intellectual arousal, intellectual consideration, and inspirational motivation) in promoting organizational creativity. The study sample amounted to (120) members from Heads of scientific departments at the University of Tikrit, where the descriptive analytical method was relied on, based on a questionnaire with good psychometric characteristics. The results of the study showed that the general average of transformational leadership came at an average importance level of (2.96), and the results of the study showed an average level of organizational creativity. Among the heads of scientific departments at the University of Tikrit, the results also showed a statistically significant effect of all dimensions of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational creativity, as the dimensions of transformational leadership explained the value (64%) of changes in organizational creativity, and the results showed that the level of transformational leadership as well as the level of Organizational creativity does not differ according to demographic variables: gender, college, academic rank, years of experience, age, and country of obtaining the last degree. A number of recommendations were presented that consolidate the concept of transformational leadership at the university and enhance the process of organizational creativity among the heads of scientific departments at the University of Tikrit.
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Selenium
Authors: Daabool Farah S.
Published: June 2022

The reaction of sodium selenite source with various extracted orange covers in an acidic suspension during ambient circumstances has been devised as a simple sol gel technique to generate selenium nanoparticles. The selenium nanoparticles were stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol. A high-speed centrifuge can be used to isolate the nanoparticles from their sol, and a sonicator can be used to redisperse them in an aqueous media. The produced selenium nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods.
Dialogue Implications for Paradox in the Speech of Imam Ali (Peace be Upon Him)
Authors: Jalood Dr. Sadeq Omair
Published: June 2022

Paradox is an ambiguous term that raises confusion and has a long history that extends back to the early literary ages. It comes from a keen mind, and a keen awareness of the self and its surroundings, and the paradox is a rhetorical expression in which the literal meaning of the word or phrase is the opposite of the intended, and in literature it is a way to indicate a purpose or a position opposite to what is actually declared, and it is a clever linguistic game between two parties: the paradox maker and its reader, such that the maker presents his paradox in a way that provokes the reader, and invites him to reject the literal meaning in favor of the hidden meaning, which is often opposed to it, and in the meantime he makes the language collide with itself, so that the reader does not calm until he reaches the distant meaning, and this practice is closer to interpreting then to superficial reading.
Common Hand Conditions
Authors: Currie Kelly Bettina , Tadisina Kashyap Komarraju , Mackinnon Susan E.
Published: June 2022

Importance

Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and basilar (carpometacarpal) joint arthritis of the thumb can be associated with significant disability.

Observations

Carpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by numbness and tingling in the thumb and the index, middle, and radial ring fingers and by weakness of thumb opposition when severe. It is more common in women and people who are obese, have diabetes, and work in occupations involving use of keyboards, computer mouse, heavy machinery, or vibrating manual tools. The Durkan physical examination maneuver, consisting of firm digital pressure across the carpal tunnel to reproduce symptoms, is 64% sensitive and 83% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. People with suspected proximal compression or other compressive neuropathies should undergo electrodiagnostic testing, which is approximately more than 80% sensitive and 95% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. Splinting or steroid injection may temporarily relieve symptoms. Patients who do not respond to conservative therapies may undergo open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release for definitive treatment. Trigger finger, which involves abnormal resistance to smooth flexion and extension (“triggering”) of the affected finger, affects up to 20% of adults with diabetes and approximately 2% of the general population. Steroid injection is the first-line therapy but is less efficacious in people with insulin-dependent diabetes. People with diabetes and those with recurrent symptoms may benefit from early surgical release. de Quervain tenosynovitis, consisting of swelling of the extensor tendons at the wrist, is more common in women than in men. People with frequent mobile phone use are at increased risk. The median age of onset is 40 to 59 years. Steroid injections relieve symptoms in approximately 72% of patients, particularly when combined with immobilization. People with recurrent symptoms may be considered for surgical release of the first dorsal extensor compartment. Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis affects approximately 33% of postmenopausal women, according to radiographic evidence of carpometacarpal arthritis. Approximately 20% of patients require treatment for pain and disability. Nonsurgical interventions (immobilization, steroid injection, and pain medication) relieve pain but do not alter disease progression. Surgery may be appropriate for patients unresponsive to conservative treatments.

Conclusions and Relevance

Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can be associated with significant disability. First-line treatment for each condition consists of steroid injection, immobilization, or both. For patients who do not respond to noninvasive therapy or for progressive disease despite conservative therapy, surgical treatment is safe and effective.
Genetic prediction of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Posavi Marijan , Fontanillas Pierre , Tropea Thomas F. , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Suh Eunran , Trojanowski John Q. , Cannon Paul , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. ,   23andMe Research Team, Chen‐Plotkin Alice S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To develop a clinico‐genetic predictor of impulse control disorder (ICD) risk in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods

In 5770 individuals from three PD cohorts (the 23andMe, Inc.; the University of Pennsylvania [UPenn]; and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative [PPMI]), we used a discovery‐replication strategy to develop a clinico‐genetic predictor for ICD risk. We first performed a Genomewide Association Study (GWAS) for ICDs anytime during PD in 5262 PD individuals from the 23andMe cohort. We then combined newly discovered ICD risk loci with 13 ICD risk loci previously reported in the literature to develop a model predicting ICD in a Training dataset (n = 339, from UPenn and PPMI cohorts). The model was tested in a non‐overlapping Test dataset (n = 169, from UPenn and PPMI cohorts) and used to derive a continuous measure, the ICD‐risk score (ICD‐RS), enriching for PD individuals with ICD (ICD+ PD).

Results

By GWAS, we discovered four new loci associated with ICD at p‐values of 4.9e‐07 to 1.3e‐06. Our best logistic regression model included seven clinical and two genetic variables, achieving an area under the receiver operating curve for ICD prediction of 0.75 in the Training and 0.72 in the Test dataset. The ICD‐RS separated groups of PD individuals with ICD prevalence of nearly 40% (highest risk quartile) versus 7% (lowest risk quartile).

Interpretation

In this multi‐cohort, international study, we developed an easily computed clinico‐genetic tool, the ICD‐RS, that substantially enriches for subgroups of PD at very high versus very low risk for ICD, enabling pharmacogenetic approaches to PD medication selection.
The stock market is rigged? Conspiracy beliefs and distrust predict lower stock market participation
Authors: Fiagbenu Michael Edem
Published: June 2022

Conspiracy beliefs have negative effects on decision making in several life areas including health, ethical, political and environmental domains. But their influence on financial decisions is not known. The current study examines the mediational role of social trust in the relationship between non‐financial conspiracy beliefs and stock market participation. First, exploratory findings provide preliminary cross‐country evidence that conspiracy beliefs are associated with lower stock market participation. Next, three studies from close to 53,000 United States respondents show that conspiracy beliefs predict 8%–20% decrease in the odds of investing in stocks even after adjusting for several determinants of stock ownership including income, life satisfaction, cognitive ability and economic attitudes. Mediation analyses shows that conspiracy beliefs predict lower social trust, which in turn predicts lower stock ownership. Overall, the findings imply that endorsing misleading non‐financial beliefs about the causes of socio‐cultural events may potential impede financial decision making.
Multiple‐Resonance Extension and Spin‐Vibronic‐Coupling‐Based Narrowband Blue Organic Fluorescence Emitters with Over 30% Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Lee Ha Lim , Jeon Soon Ok , Kim Inkoo , Kim Seung Chan , Lim Junseop , Kim Joonghyuk , Park Sangho , Chwae Jun , Son Won‐Joon , Choi Hyeonho , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: June 2022

Achieving narrow‐bandwidth emission and high external quantum efficiency (EQE) simultaneously is a challenge for next‐generation blue‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, novel multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are developed by fusing an indolocarbazole unit with two carbazole skeletons using para‐oriented nitrogen atoms. The resulting rigid and planar π‐system without electron‐accepting atoms exhibits pure blue photoluminescence at 470 nm, reaching a 100% quantum yield with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 25 nm. Higher‐level quantum chemistry calculations confirm an MR effect within the extended π‐conjugation and an enhanced triplet‐to‐singlet crossover (104 s−1) through a reduced energy gap (ΔEST) coupled with large spin‐vibronic coupling mediated by low‐lying triplet excited states. An OLED fabricated using the MR‐TADF emitter with CIE color coordinates of (0.12, 0.16) exhibits a record high EQE of 30.9% and a small FWHM of 23 nm. With further optimization of the device structure, a high EQE of 33.8% is achieved without additional outcoupling enhancements owing to the near‐perfect horizontal alignment of the emitting dipoles.
Chemically Triggered Metamorphosis of Colloidal Bilayer Sheets into Nanomazes and Their Conversion into Silicon and Plasmonic Optical Nanomazes
Authors: Pyun Seung Beom , Song Ji Eun , Cho Eun Chul
Published: June 2022

Development of a convenient method for complex nanostructures on substrates is essential in fabricating economically viable functional nanosurfaces for electronics, bioengineering, optoelectronics, and energy systems. Colloids can be introduced to make complex patterns, but substrate modification/modulation, more than two types of colloids, and specially designed colloids are required. Herein, it is discovered that colloidal nanomazes are created from a metamorphosis of colloidal bilayer sheets when the sheets are immersed in a salt aqueous solution. Closely and regularly packed colloids in the bilayer spontaneously rearrange their arrays (separation, settling, and insertion) in the solution: This mechanism, suggested from the experimental results, enables the straightforward production of nanostructures without experiencing complex procedures. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the colloidal nanomazes are successfully transformed into functional inorganic nanomazes, Si and Au nanomazes. The anti‐reflective functions of colloidal and Si nanomazes lower the light reflectance or increase the light transmittance: The transmittance of a transparent substrate can be further increased by fabricating the colloidal nanomazes on its both sides. Au nanomazes can also lower the light reflectance, which are discussed with theoretical calculations. The calculation further suggests the Au nanomazes can extensively manipulate the visible–near infrared light, irrespective of polarization modes, from fine tuning the nanomaze geometries.
Exploring the Ligand Functionality, Electronic Band Gaps, and Switching Characteristics of Single Wells–Dawson‐Type Polyoxometalates on Gold
Authors: Glöß Maria , Pütt Ricarda , Moors Marco , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Karthäuser Silvia , Monakhov Kirill Yu.
Published: June 2022

The miniaturization, high performance, energy efficiency, and new added functionalities are the essential drivers of modern information data storage and processing technologies. Polyoxometalates (POMs) characterized by atomically well‐defined structures with discrete energy levels and the ability to undergo redox transformations are viewed as promising active components for the integration into the next‐generation (beyond‐CMOS) hybrid nanoelectronics. Herein, new fundamental insights into the application of organically augmented POMs on conducting surfaces are offered. Three key findings resulting from scanning probe investigations combined with integral spectroscopic methods used to explore tris(alkoxo)‐ligated, vanadium‐containing Wells‐Dawson‐type POM structures on Au(111) are reported on. First, it is shown how the (OCH2)3C–R ligands, depending on the structurally exposed R group (R = CH2SMe and NHCOC6H4SMe), influence the self‐assembly behavior of the synthesized POMs on gold. Second, the impact of the employed (OCH2)3C–R ligands and the determined assembly characteristics on the relative position of POM's electronic band structure against the Fermi level of the gold surface are explained. Third, the on‐surface conductance switching of single POM structures due to external electrical stimuli is demonstrated. The author's experimental efforts enable to discover highly sought‐after multi‐level resistive switching orchestrated by electrically accessible V(3d) states in the POM single‐molecules at room temperature in a narrow voltage range.
Effective Passivation of InGaAs Nanowires for Telecommunication Wavelength Optoelectronics
Authors: Azimi Zahra , Gopakumar Aswani , Li Li , Kremer Felipe , Lockrey Mark , Wibowo Ary Anggara , Nguyen Hieu T. , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Wong‐Leung Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Catalyst‐free InGaAs nanowires are promising building blocks for optoelectronic devices operating at telecommunication wavelengths. Despite progress, the applications of InGaAs nanowires remain limited due to their high density of surface states that degrade their optical properties. Here, InGaAs nanowires with superior optical properties are achieved by effectively suppressing their surface states with an InP passivation shell. Optimal InP shell growth conditions and thickness to maximize the minority carrier lifetime are identified. The photoluminescence intensity of these passivated InGaAs nanowires is up to three orders of magnitude higher than that of their bare counterparts. Moreover, a long minority carrier lifetime of up to ≈13 ns is measured with these passivated nanowires at room temperature. Optimal passivation of InGaAs nanowires with an emission wavelength of 1530 nm results in an ultra‐low surface recombination velocity of ≈280 cm s−1. In addition to the shell, the crystal structure of these nanowires plays an important role in the luminescence intensity. Combined cathodoluminescence mapping and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy along the nanowires reveal significantly lower emission intensities in wurtzite predominant sections of the nanowires than zinc blende predominant ones.These insights on the optimal passivation of InGaAs provide directions for engineering high‐performance nanoscale‐devices in the telecommunication wavelength.
Decarbonylative C3‐Alkylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones with Aliphatic Aldehydes via Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Jie , Zhang Yicheng , Sun Peipei
Published: June 2022

A strategy to synthesize 3‐alkyl quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other alkyl N‐heteroarenes via a photocatalyzed decarbonylative alkylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and simple N‐heterocycles with commercially available aliphatic aldehyde under ambient conditions using phenanthrenequinone as a photocatalyst was developed. In this transformation, various 3‐alkyl quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and other alkyl N‐heteroarenes were generated in 58–87% isolated yields with good functional‐group tolerance.

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Specialty crops and the farm bill
Authors: Raszap Skorbiansky Sharon , Thornsbury Suzanne , Effland Anne
Published: June 2022

Specialty crops include a myriad of diverse commodities, markets, and supply chains. In contrast to major field crops, specialty crops have historically been covered by different Farm Bill provisions and other policies, in part due to their heterogeneity. As specialty crop production and markets evolve, the applicability and efficacy of alternative policy instruments change as well. We track how Farm Bill coverage of specialty crops adjusted throughout the years in broad types of policy approaches: commodity programs, trade, nutrition, research, risk mitigation, and conservation. Looking forward, we consider how specialty crops fit with current White House priorities of economy, equity, and climate as discussions begin on a new Farm Bill.