bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamase and methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from the hospital environment and catheters in two public hospitals in Benin, Republic of Benin
Authors: Gbotche Elodie , Dougnon Victorien , Chabi Yossounon , Vissoh Sosthène , Agbankpe Jerrold , Deguenon Esther , Sedah Paulin , Fabiyi Kafayath , Missihoun Antoine , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Bankole Honoré , Agbangla Clément
Published: February 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is a real public health problem. All over the world, it has a considerable impact in hospitals. The present study was conducted to ascertain the bacterial ecology in two hospitals in Benin as well as the resistance genes present in the recovered isolates. A total of 146 environmental and catheter samples were collected at the University Hospital Center of Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava and at the Beninese Army Hospital of Cotonou. These samples were inoculated on Mannitol Salt and Eosin Methylene Blue agars. The colonies obtained were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics were tested, using the Kirby Bauer technique. Four resistance genes encoding the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M15) and the gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) were screened.  The gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) was sought in staphylococci. A total of 69 (53,49%) and 60 (46,51%) strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family and staphylococci were identified, respectively. A predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (25.6%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (21.0%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (21.0%) was observed. These bacterial strains showed multidrug-resistance, particularly to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. Beta-lactamases were identified in the genome of bacterial strains with a predominance of blaCTX-M15 (42.8%). The frequency of the mecA gene in staphylococci was 50%. These results show the magnitude of the antimicrobial resistance situation in the hospitals investigated. They can be used to support advocacy for urgent action at the national level, especially with regards to the management and efficient use of antimicrobials in Benin.
Evaluation of Sr and Cs ions adsorption capacities with zeolitic materials synthesized from various mass ratios of NaOH to coal fly ash
Authors: Choi Jeong-Hak , Lee Chang-Han
Published: February 2021

The adsorptive aqueous removal of Sr2+ and Cs+ was performed using zeolitic materials prepared with fused coal fly ash (CFA) using a hydrothermal method. The influence of the mass ratio of NaOH to CFA of 0.3-1.2 in the synthesis of zeolitic material was evaluated its crystallization properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The zeolitic materials synthesized at the mass ratio of NaOH to CFA of 0.6-1.2 could be identified to have the same location as the XRD peaks of Na-A zeolite at 2θ = 7.18 - 34.18. They appeared to be zeolitic materials which were crystalline particles with a cubic structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental adsorption data for Sr2+ and Cs+ using the zeolitic materials were estimated satisfactory using pseudo-2nd-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. The highest maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of 147.6 mg/g for Sr2+ and 160.2 mg/g for Cs+ were estimated by using the zeolitic material. This material demostrated superior crystallinity and was synthesized at a mass ratio of NaOH to CFA of 0.6. Consequently, the zeolitic material prepared from the fused CFA through the hydrothermal method could be used effectively for the adsorption of Sr2+ and Cs+ in aqueous solutions.
Music Signal Separation Using Supervised Robust Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with β-divergence
Authors: Li Feng , Chang Hao
Published: February 2021

We propose a supervised method based on robust non-negative matrix factorization (RNMF) for music signal separation with β-divergence called supervised robust non-negative matrix factorization (SRNMF). Although RNMF method is an effective method for separating music signals, its separation performance degrades due to has no prior knowledge. To address this problem, in this paper, we develop SRNMF that unifying the robustness of RNMF and the prior knowledge to improve such separation performance on instrumental sound signals (e.g., piano, oboe and trombone). Application to the observed instrumental sound signals is an effective strategy by extracting the spectral bases of training sequences by using RNMF. In addition, β-divergence based on SRNMF be extended. The results obtained from our experiments on instrumental sound signals are promising for music signal separation. The proposed method achieves better separation performance than the conventional methods.
Utilizing the Blackboard Learning Management System at the University of Ha’il from the Perspective of Faculty Members using Internet Of Things (IOT)
Authors: Ali Abdulaziz , Abu Sheirah Khaled
Published: February 2021

The study aims to investigate the perceptions of faculty members in the preparatory year at the University of Ha’il concerning the use of the Blackboard learning management system, and to identify the impact of the study variables (gender, discipline, teaching language, and number of training courses) on the responses of the study sample members. A descriptive methodology has been used, as the study was applied to a sample of (123) faculty members, and to collect information, a questionnaire of (32) items was developed. The results of the study showed that the level of using the Blackboard at the University of Ha’il by faculty members was high. It indicated that there were no statistically significant differences due to gender. Moreover, the results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences (p=0.218) in the use of Blackboard based on the number of training courses, and that there were no statistically significant differences (p=0.390) in the use of Blackboard based on academic ranking.
Using Hermeneutic Phenomenology to Investigate How Experienced Practitioners Lear n to Communicate Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Ajjawi Rola , Higgs Joy
Published: February 2021

This paper is primarily targeted at doctoral students and other researchers considering using hermeneutic phenomenology as a research strategy. We present interpretive paradigm research designed to investigate how experienced practitioners learn to communicate their clinical reasoning in professional practice. Twelve experienced physiotherapy practitioners participated in this research. Using hermeneutic phenomenology enabled access to a phenomenon that is often subconscious and provided a means of interpreting participants’ experiences of personal learning journeys. Within the philosophy underpinning hermeneutic phenomenology , researchers need to design a research strategy that flows directly from the research question and goals of the research project. This paper explores such a strategy.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions of Asynchronous Online Discussion on Blackboard
Authors: Yeh Hsin-Te , Lahman Maria
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand students’ perceptions of using asynchronous on line discussion as a learning tool. Six pre-service teachers who took a course in educational technology applications for secondary grades at a Rocky Mountain region mid-sized university were selected to be interviewed. Phenomenological data analysis was used to analyze the interview data. The interviewees’ perceptions of the asynchronous on line discussions centered around purposes, group size, tools for learning, advantages/disadvantages, and the instructor’s role. The findings of this study provide instructors with helpful information on how students perceive asynchronous online discussion and also provide instructors with possible interventions to enhance students’ motivations for participating in asynchronous online discussion.
The Interplay of “Big Five ” Personality Factors and Metaphorical Schemas: A Pilot Study with 20 Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Goetzman Lutz , Moser Karin , Vetsch Esther , Grieder Erhard , Klaghofer Richard , Naef Rahel , Russi Erich , Boehler Annette , Buddeberg Claus
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the interplay between personality factors and metaphorical schemas. The “Big Five” personality factors of 20 patients after lung transplantation were examined with the NEO-FFI. Patients were questioned about their social network , and self- and body-image. The interviews were assessed with metaphor analysis. Significant positive correlations were found between “extraversion” and metaphors for acoustics, play/sport and economy, furthermore between “openness to experience” and metaphors for acoustics, container, battle, illness. A positive correlation was also found between “openness to experience” and metaphor frequency. Significant negative correlations were found between “conscientiousness” and metaphors for illness. The results indicate that personality factors may correspond with certain implicit metaphorical schemas.
Reconciling Dichotomous Demands: Telemarketing Agents in Bangalore and Mumbai, India
Authors: Noronha Ernesto , D'Cruz Premilla
Published: February 2021

Though outsourcing has created enormous employment potential in India’s information technology enabled services/business process outsourcing (ITES/BPO) sector, the implications for employees remain to be understood. The present paper describes employee experiences in telemarketing outbound call centers in Bangalore and Mumbai, India. Following van Manen’s (1998) hermeneutic phenomenological approach, data were collected through unstructured conversational interviews with 18 telemarketing agents identified vi a snowball sampling and were subject to holistic and sententious thematic analyses. Reconciling dichotomous experiences at work was the label used to capture participants’ core experiences and indicated that while participants’ simultaneous positive and negative experiences contributed to a sense of concomitant stress and well-being, they employed various strategies to maintain a balance between positive experiences/well-being and negative experiences/stress.
A Typology of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony , Collins Kathleen
Published: February 2021

This paper provides a framework for developing sampling designs in mixed methods research. First, we present sampling schemes that have been associated with quantitative and qualitative research. Second, we discuss sample size considerations and provide sample size recommendations for each of the major research designs for quantitative and qualitative approaches. Third, we provide a sampling design typology and we demonstrate how sampling designs can be classified according to time orientation of the components and relationship of the qualitative and quantitative sample. Fourth, we present four major crises to mixed methods research and indicate how each crisis may be used to guide sampling design considerations. Finally, we emphasize how sampling design impacts the extent to which researchers can generalize their findings.
Mixed Methods Analysis and Information Visualization: Graphical Display for Effective Communication of Research Results
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony , Dickinson Wendy
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce various graphical methods that can be used to represent data in mixed research. First, we present a broad taxonomy of visual representation. Next, we use this taxonomy to provide an overview of visual techniques for quantitative data display and qualitative data display. Then, we propose what we call “crossover” visual extensions to summarize and integrate both qualitative and quantitative results within the same framework. We provide several examples of crossover (mixed research) graphical displays that illustrate this natural extension. In so doing, we contend that the use of crossover (mixed research) graphical displays enhances researchers’ understanding (i.e., increased Verstehen) of social and behavioral phenomena in general and the meaning that underlies these phenomena in particular.
Teachers Who Left the Teaching Profession: A Qualitative Understanding
Authors: Gonzalez Lisa , Brown Michelle , Slate John
Published: February 2021

In this study, the researchers investigated public school teacher attrition in the State of Texas. The study examined the problem by focusing on the predominant reasons teachers give for leaving the profession after working only one year as a teacher. Eight persons who had left the teaching profession after one year teaching were contacted and interviewed concerning their reasons for leaving. The three most influential factors found were lack of administrative support, difficulties with student discipline, and low salary levels. Study findings and implications for policy are discussed.
Oswaldo Reynoso y su novela
Authors: Trujillo Carreño Ramón
Published: February 2021

No quiero hablar aquí del contenido de esta novela en el sentido de lo «novedoso»
o de lo «interesante». Lo primero que debemos hacer, para entendernos, es intentar
distinguir entre dos aspectos que no suelen tenerse comúnmente en cuenta. En primer
lugar, que eso que llamamos textos no constituye una clase única, sino, como mínimo,
dos. Y dos clases muy bien diferenciadas, aunque tales diferencias se ignoran con
frecuencia en el uso común del lenguaje. Quiero, pues, hacer una división en el conjunto de esas cosas que llamamos textos, poniendo la atención en la forma o estructura del significado. Cuando se trata de un texto literario no hay más remedio que distinguir entre dos realidades totalmente diferentes, aunque denominadas en general de la misma manera. Yo creo que se debe hablar de texto o de «texto en sí», frente a «informe» o «relato», por ejemplo. Si hablo aquí de «texto en sí» sólo quiero diferenciar el objeto lingüístico como forma, es decir, como algo que no se puede traducir, ni expresar de una manera diferente de la que tiene. Digamos que cada «texto en sí» es diferente de cualquiera otro, en tanto que cada informe o relato pueden decirse, sin daño, de mil maneras, o traducirse a otras lenguas, pues lo que interesa en ellos no es la forma, sino el referente; es decir, ‘lo que se cuenta’, ‘la supuesta realidad contada’. El Hamlet de Shakespeare, por ejemplo, no se puede traducir, en el buen sentido de esta palabra, porque cualquier traducción no será nunca más que una simple interpretación del traductor. Y no digamos nada de la poesía: ¿quién se atrevería a traducir un poema de César Vallejo, sin aclarar, de camino, que aquello es «lo que él ha entendido o creído entender», pero no el significado del original, que es, sin duda, ese texto mismo? En las traducciones de textos literarios lo que leemos no es nunca el original —«el texto en sí»—, sino la versión del traductor, mejor o peor hecha. Y ¿quién se atrevería a traducir a otra lengua En octubre no hay milagros, con la pretensión de lograr su significado idiomático propiamente dicho? No hay duda de que esta novela se traducirá —y seguramente muy pronto—, pero ya no consistirá en este mismo texto que tenemos aquí, sino en lo que haya visto el traductor, inteligente o no. No se tratará ya de una novela de Oswaldo Reynoso, sino de lo que ha entendido tal o cual lector. Y, además, en el caso particular de esta obra, la traducción resulta tan difícil como es la traducción de la poesía, en la que sólo encontraremos lo que el traductor cree haber visto y no lo que realmente hay allí, que es la palabra en su estado prístino. La sinonimia no existe y lo que así suele llamarse es la coincidencia de dos palabras distintas señalando un mismo objeto real. Y así, dos palabras como perro y can, consideradas siempre como sinónimos no lo son ni pueden serlo por el simple hecho de que no pueden alternar en todos sus contextos posibles: llevar una vida perra; pero no llevar una vida can.
PLS REGRESSION TO COMPARE THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY VARIABLES IN FISH GROWTH
Authors: Omweno Job Ombiro , Getabu Albert , Orina Paul Sagwe , Omasaki Simion Kipkemboi , Zablon Wilfred Obwoge
Published: February 2021

Partial least squares (PLS) is a multivariate dimension reduction technique which is not based on ordinary regression assumptions. The use of PLS regression in life sciences is still a novel concept despite many scientific applications. This paper analyses the influence of physicochemical in the two fish species, Oreochromis jipe and Oreochromis niloticus to determine the cause for their growth difference in the same culture environment. The graphical display of the multi-parameter analysis was performed using a suite of open access R-software packages. The modeling hypothesis was assessed using experimental data collected for the period of 84 days. The findings revealed that significant linear relationship exists between water quality and mean weight of both O. jipe and O.niloticus fish species. Being a crucial study meant to provide baseline information to asses the aquaculture potential O. jipe, we recommend a further study to be conducted on several other predictor variables that can be measured under controlled aquaculture conditions.
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF ANXIETY ABOUT AGING SCALE AMONG MALAYSIAN YOUTHS: A CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Dina Hazwan Mat , Minhata Halimatus Sakdiah
Published: February 2021

The Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) is a questionnaire developed based on multidimensional aging anxiety to measure anxiety towards aging. However, the AAS constructs and items vary depending on the study population. This study aimed to explore the validity and reliability of AAS through evaluation of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among youths in Malaysia. A cross-sectional was conducted among 1988 university and college students in Klang Valley, Malaysia, selected using stratified proportionate random sampling. EFA results suggested four factors solution based on the interpretation of Eigenvalues and scree plot with 59.11% variance extracted. Results of CFA supported the four-factor model of revised 17-item AAS with acceptable model fit indices and high factor loading. The revised 17-item AAS has good reliability through the assessment of the internal consistency of the items. In conclusion, the revised 17-item AAS measures four distinct factors is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure anxiety towards aging among Malaysian youths
Da Luta pelo Território Pitaguary à Conquista da Educação Escolar Indígena
Authors: Feitosa Maria Bernardete Alves , Bezerra Leila Maria Passos de Souza
Published: February 2021

Os povos indígenas cearenses até a década de 1980 permaneceram invisibilizados na história e na sociedade cearenses. Entretanto, a partir da intensa mobilização dos povos indígenas vemos ressurgir os povos indígenas, lutando por terra, o respeito à identidade indígena, ao direito de ser e permanecer em seus territórios. Nessa seara, surgem outras pautas de luta e o direito à educação específica e diferenciada se entremeia à luta pelo território, tendo a escola o lócus de fortalecimento dos povos indígenas. A proposta metodológica pautou-se na análise qualitativa, a partir de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica; pesquisa de campo, para coleta dos dados, utilizamos entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante. Os registros foram organizados em diário de campo, em gravações das entrevistas, seguidos de análise das categorias recorrentes nos dados coletados, de modo a compreender a percepção dos sujeitos sobre a escola indígena para os Pitaguary e qual a importância dessa instituição no fortalecimento da luta pela terra. A pesquisa fundamentou-se, inicialmente, em torno das categorias: identidade, cultura e território, tomando como fundamentação teórica, para os estudos sobre identidade e cultura, os escritos de Hall (2002) e Silva (2004, 2017). Sobre território, utilizou-se as obras de Little (2004) e Gallois (2004).
Four-year outcomes of unprotected left main lesion treated with one-stent versus two-stent technique
Authors: Predescu Lucian , Postu Marin , Zarma Lucian , Bucsa Adrian , Platon Pavel , Croitoru Marian , Mereuta Adrian , Lichiardopol Leonard , Predescu Alexandra , Dorobantu Dan Mihai , Ginghina Carmen , Deleanu Dan
Published: February 2021

Introduction – Most reports on left main bifurcation lesions have demonstrated that treatment with a singlestent strategy is superior to a two-stent strategy but have excluded patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aims – The aim of the current study was to compare the four year outcomes of patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease (ULMCAD) treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a one-stent or two-stent strategies in a population including those presenting as ACS. Methods – A total of 135 patients with ULMCAD treated by PCI were included, of which 75 (55.6%) had a one-stent strategy (Group A) and 60 (44.4%) had a two-stent strategy (Group B). Results – Fewer patients in Group A had a TIMI III flow at the end of the procedure (89.4% vs 100%, p=0.03) and complete revascularization (65.3% vs 88.3%, p=0.002). We found a higher early mortality in Group A without reaching statistical significance (13.4% vs 3.3%, p=0.1). Mortality rate at 4-year follow up was higher with Group A after multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 0.36, CI 0.15-0.85, p=0.02). We found no significant differences between the groups in terms of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) (adjusted HR 0.85, CI 0.34-1.48, p=0.7) or target lesion revascularization (TLR) (adjusted HR 1.37, CI 0.42-4.47, p=0.6) at 4-year follow up. Conclusions – Among unselected patients with ULMCAD PCI, with or without ACS, the early mortality rate is similar between one and two-stent strategy. Although, 4 year TLR and MACE rates were similar between the two groups, the 4-year all-cause mortality rate was lower in the two-stent strategy group.
Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment
Authors: Honea Jon M.
Published: February 2021

Abstract.-We review the current understanding of major pathways, mechanisms, and consequences of salmon-borne marine-derived nutrients (MDN) in estuarine, freshwater, and riparian ecosystems. Semelparous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. acquire most of their body mass while at sea before returning to spawn and die in natal streams. The annual spawning migrations transport substantial quantities of MDN from the fertile North Pacific Ocean to relatively nutrient-poor coastal freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. People have been long aware of the importance of salmon-borne MDN for the productivity of freshwater ecosystems in western North America, and the rapidly increasing knowledge base supports this notion. Nevertheless, many details associated with nutrient pathways, cycling processes, and the ecosystem-scale consequences of MDN transfer remain to be elucidated. The collective data suggest that freshwater portions of the salmon production system, as well as the dynamics of local terrestrial plant and animal communities, are intimately linked to MDN in complex ways. At the same time, the ecological importance of MDN, relative to other major nutrient sources, is temporally and spatially dependent and influenced by the life histories and abundances of salmonid stocks. Although interactions among climate cycles, salmon, riparian vegetation, predators, and MDN flowpaths and feedbacks are complex, they also form a wonderfully integrated ecological system with a high degree of resilience and productivity. Understanding this complex system and its inherent temporal and spatial variability requires a holistic scientific perspective that values important interactions among the salmonid life cycle, the physical setting, and the numerous linkages to other ecosystem components.
A criança com encefalopatia crônica não progressiva: impacto da doença para o cuidador
Authors: Germano Érika Alves , Lima Edna Pinto Medeiros de , Girão Mauro Vinicius Dutra , Ribeiro Maria Dandara Alves , Ribeiro Mara Dayanne Alves
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção do cuidador primário quanto à doença e ao cuidado com a criança com encefalopatia crônica não progressiva (ECNP). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de campo do tipo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em outubro de 2019 sobre a realidade que envolve o processo de cuidado de pacientes com ECNP. Entrevistaram-se nove cuidadores de pacientes atendidos em uma clínica municipal de fisioterapia de um município de pequeno porte do interior do Ceará, Brasil, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, posteriormente analisada por meio da análise de conteúdo, emergindo as categorias temáticas: Limitações da criança com ECNP; Reações do cuidador ao diagnóstico da criança com ECNP; Perspectivas futuras da criança com ECNP; Preconceito com a criança portadora de ECNP; A criança portadora de ECNP sobrecarrega a saúde do cuidador. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que o cuidador primário passa por fases críticas, que iniciam com o diagnóstico, perduram durante o processo de cuidado e trazem receios futuros quanto ao prognóstico do quadro clínico, aceitação social, escolarização, mercado de trabalho e morte. Conclusão: Este estudo evidencia a necessidade de apoio dos profissionais de saúde para o tratamento e orientações para o cuidado adequado desse público.
The Resurrection of Jesus
Authors: Allison ,   Jr. Dale C.
Published: February 2021

The earliest traditions around the narrative of Jesus’ resurrection are considered in this landmark work by Dale C. Allison, Jr, drawing together the fruits of his decades of research into this issue at the very core of Christian identity.

Allison returns to the ancient sources and earliest traditions, charting them alongside the development of faith in the resurrection in the early church and throughout Christian history. Beginning with historical-critical methodology that examines the empty tomb narratives and early confessions, Allison moves on to consider the resurrection in parallel with other traditions and stories, including Tibetan accounts of saintly figures being assumed into the light, in the chapter “Rainbow Body”.

Finally, Allison considers what might be said by way of results or conclusions on the topic of resurrection, offering perspectives from both apologetic and sceptical viewpoints. In his final section of “modest results” he considers scholarly approaches to the resurrection in light of human experience, adding fresh nuance to a debate that has often been characterised in overly simplistic terms of “it happened” or “it didn't”.
Alan Moore
Authors: Ayres Jackson
Published: February 2021

A complete guide to the comics work of the writer Alan Moore, this book helps readers explore one of the genre’s most important, compelling and subversive writers.

In an accessible and easy-to-navigate format, the book covers:

• Moore’s comics career – from his early work in 2000AD to his breakthrough graphic novels and his later battles with the industry

• Moore’s major works – including Watchmen, V for Vendetta, Saga of the Swamp Thing and Promethea

• Key themes and contexts – from Moore’s subversion of the superhero genre and metafictional techniques to his creative collaborations and battles with the industry for creator control

• Critical approaches to Moore’s work
Shakespearean Rhetoric
Authors: Brandreth Benet
Published: February 2021

Classical Rhetoric, the art of persuasion, formed the sum and substance of Shakespeare’s education and was the basis of his understanding of the power of language and how it worked to move, delight and teach. Rhetoric, which seeks to explain the way that language works to influence others, provides a powerful, transformative tool for approaching text in performance. This book helps you understand the key concepts of rhetoric. It gives clear explanations, stripped of jargon, and examples of rhetorical technique in the plays. It also provides engaging, practical exercises to unlock character and to identify themes in the plays through the lens of rhetoric. Academically rigorous, based on more than a decade of practical experience in the use of rhetoric in drama at the highest level, it is an ideal companion for anyone engaging with Shakespeare in performance.
Casting the Parthenon Sculptures from the Eighteenth Century to the Digital Age
Authors: Payne Emma M.
Published: February 2021

Through the 19th century, as archaeology started to emerge as a systematic discipline, plaster casting became a widely-adopted technique, newly applied by archaeologists to document and transmit discoveries from their expeditions. The Parthenon sculptures were some of the first to be cast. In the late 18th century and the first years of the 19th century, the French artist Fauvel and Lord Elgin’s men conducted campaigns on the Athenian Acropolis. Both created casts of parts of the Parthenon sculptures that they did not remove and these were sent back to France and Britain where they were esteemed and displayed alongside other, original sections. Henceforth, casting was established as an essential archaeological tool and grew exponentially over the course of the century.

Such casts are now not only fascinating historical objects but may also be considered time capsules, capturing the details of important ancient works when they were first moulded in centuries past. This book examines the role of 19th century casts as an archaeological resource and explores how their materiality and spread impacted the reception of the Parthenon sculptures and other Greek and Roman works. Investigation of their historical context is combined with analysis of new digital models of the Parthenon sculptures and their casts. Sensitive 3D imaging techniques allow investigation of the surface markings of the objects in exceptionally fine detail and enable quantitative comparative studies comparing the originals and the casts. The 19th century casts are found to be even more accurate, but also complex, than anticipated; through careful study of their multiple layers, we can retrieve surface information now lost from the originals through weathering and vandalism.
The Place and the Writer
Authors: Chen Ching-In , Ristow Benjamin , Westbrook Steve , Matuk Farid , Ryan James
Published: February 2021

The combined experience of authors throughout the ages offers a wealth of valuable information about the practice of writing. However, such lore can also be problematic for students and practitioners as lore can be inherently additive, indelible in abandoning processes that do not work. This adherence to lore also tends to be a US-centric endeavor. In order to take a nuanced approach to the use and limitations of lore, The Place and the Writer offers a global perspective on creative writing pedagogy that has yet to be fully explored. Featuring a diverse array of cultural viewpoints from Brazil to Hong Kong, Finland to South Africa, this book explores the ongoing international debate about the best approaches for teaching and practicing creative writing.

Marshall Moore and Sam Meekings challenge areas of perceived wisdom that persist in the field of creative writing, including aesthetics and politics in institutionalized creative writing; the process of workshopping; tuition and talent; anxiety in the classroom; unifying theory and lore; and teaching creative writing in languages other than English.

For educators in the discipline of creative writing, the combined experience of authors throughout the ages offers a wealth of valuable information. However, such lore can also be problematic for students and practitioners as lore can be inherently additive; it can be difficult to identify and abandon processes that do not work, to distill efficacious pedagogy from mythology and superstition. This adherence to lore also tends to be a US-centric endeavor. The Place and the Writer examines the spread of creative writing around the world in order to challenge many areas of the received wisdom that persist in the field as well as some that have emerged alongside and because of changes in the publishing industry. By redirecting this dialogue through the perspectives of voices from outside the traditional poles of English-language scholarship, we interrogate the connections between teaching practices and issues of identity, culture, and practice. The chapters in this volume therefore decenter historically dominant views and voices in creative writing.
Robert Redford and American Cinema
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: February 2021

Michael Allen’s insightful study explores the long and diverse career of the actor and director Robert Redford, from his early work in theatre and TV to his contemporary status as an iconic and enduring star. Allen assesses Redford’s importance to the American film industry during a period of great transformation: as an influential industry player, an award-winning director and a committed political activist. Allen considers Redford’s individual achievements in the context of shifts and changes in the industry as a whole: some of which benefited Redford’s own progress and development; some which he engineered himself, as well as discussing Redford’s star persona in relation to ageing and masculinity.
Ghost in the Well
Authors: Crandol Michael
Published: February 2021

Ghost in the Well is the first study to provide a full history of the horror genre in Japanese cinema, from the silent era to Classical period movies such as Nakagawa Nobuo’s Tokaido Yotsuya kaidan (1959) to the contemporary global popularity of J-horror pictures like the Ring and Ju-on franchises.

Michael Crandol draws on a wide range of Japanese language sources, including magazines, posters and interviews with directors such as Kurosawa Kiyoshi, to consider the development of kaiki eiga, the Japanese phrase meaning "weird" or "bizarre" films that most closely corresponds to Western understandings of "horror". He traces the origins of kaika eiga in Japanese kabuki theatre and traditions of the monstrous feminine, showing how these traditional forms were combined with the style and conventions of Hollywood horror to produce an aesthetic that was both transnational and peculiarly Japanese.

Ghost in the Well sheds new light on one of Japanese cinema's best-known genres, while also serving as a fascinating case study of how popular film genres are re-imagined across cultural divides.
Douglas Sirk
Authors: Pippin Robert B.
Published: February 2021

It would be easy to dismiss the films of Douglas Sirk (1897–1987) as brilliant examples of mid-century melodrama with little to say to the contemporary world. Yet Robert Pippin argues that, far from being marginal pieces of sentimentality, Sirk’s films are rich with irony, insight and depth. Indeed Sirk’s films, often celebrated as classics of the genre, are attempts to subvert rather than conform to rules of conventional melodrama.

The visual style, story and characters of films like All That Heaven Allows, Written on the Wind and Imitation of Life are explored to argue for Sirk as an incredibly nuanced moral thinker. Instead of imposing moralising judgements on his characters, Sirk presents them as people who do ‘wrong’ things often without understanding why or how, creating a complex and unsettling ethics. Pippin argues that it this moral ambiguity and ironic richness enables Sirk to produce films that grapple with important themes such as race, class and gender with real force and political urgency.

Douglas Sirk: Filmmaker and Philosopher argues for a filmmaker who was a ‘disruptive not restorative’ auteur and one who broke the rules in the most interesting and subtle of ways.
Virtual Music
Authors: Rambarran Shara
Published: February 2021

Virtuality has entered our lives making anything we desire possible. We are, as Gorillaz once sang, in an exciting age where ‘the digital won’t let [us] go…’ Technology has revolutionized music, especially in the 21st century where the traditional rules and conventions of music creation, consumption, distribution, promotion, and performance have been erased and substituted with unthinkable and exciting methods in which absolutely anyone can explore, enjoy, and participate in creating and listening to music.

Virtual Music explores the interactive relationship of sound, music, and image, and its users (creators/musicians/performers/audience/consumers). Areas involving the historical, technological, and creative practices of virtual music are surveyed including its connection with creators, musicians, performers, audience, and consumers. Shara Rambarran looks at the fascination and innovations surrounding virtual music, and illustrates key artists (such as Grace Jones, The Weeknd), creators (such as King Tubby, Kraftwerk, MadVillain, Danger Mouse), audiovisuals in video games and performances (such as Cuphead and Gorillaz), audiences, and consumers that contribute in making this musical experience a phenomenon. Whether it is interrogating the (un)realness of performers, modified identities of artists, technological manipulation of the Internet, music industry and music production, or accessible opportunities in creativity, the book offers a fresh understanding of virtual music and appeals to readers who have an interest in this digital revolution.
Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen
Authors: Boucher David , Boucher Lucy
Published: February 2021

Both Dylan and Cohen have been a presence on the music and poetry landscape spanning six decades. This book begins with a discussion of their contemporary importance, and how they have sustained their enduring appeal as performers and recording artists. The authors argue that both Dylan and Cohen shared early aspirations that mirrored the Beat Generation. They sought to achieve the fame of Dylan Thomas, who proved a bohemian poet could thrive outside the academy, and to live his life of unconditional social irresponsibility.

While Dylan’s and Cohen’s fame fluctuated over the decades, it was sustained by self-consciously adopted personas used to distance themselves from their public selves. This separation of self requires an exploration of the artists’ relation to religion as an avenue to find and preserve inner identity. The relationship between their lyrics and poetry is explored in the context of Federico García Lorca’s concept of the poetry of inspiration and the emotional depths of ‘duende.’ Such ideas draw upon the dislocation of the mind and the liberation of the senses that so struck Dylan and Cohen when they first read the poetry and letters of Arthur Rimbaud and Lorca. The authors show that performance and the poetry are integral, and the ‘duende,’ or passion, of the delivery, is inseparable from the lyric or poetry, and common to Dylan, Cohen and the Beat Generation.
Grave of the Fireflies
Authors: de Wit Alex Dudok
Published: February 2021

On its release in 1988, Grave of the Fireflies riveted audiences with its uncompromising drama. Directed by Isao Takahata at Studio Ghibli and based on an autobiographical story by Akiyuki Nosaka, the story of two Japanese children struggling to survive in the dying days of the Second World War unfolds with a gritty realism unprecedented in animation. Grave of the Fireflies has since been hailed as a classic of both anime and war cinema. In 2018, USA Today ranked it the greatest animated film of all time.

Yet Ghibli’s sombre masterpiece remains little analysed outside Japan, even as its meaning is fiercely contested - Takahata himself lamented that few had grasped his message. In the first book-length study of the film in English, Alex Dudok de Wit explores its themes, visual devices and groundbreaking use of animation, as well as the political context in which it was made. Drawing on untranslated accounts by the film’s crew, he also describes its troubled production, which almost spelt disaster for Takahata and his studio.
Shakespeare and Indian Theatre
Authors: Thakur Vikram Singh
Published: February 2021

Shakespeare and Indian Theatre: The Politics of Performance looks at the performance history of Shakespeare productions in India which date back to the mid-eighteenth century when the British officers in India staged Shakespeare's plays along with those of other English playwrights for entertainment. This became part of a larger imperialistic design that was evolving during the latter part of the nineteenth century to establish moral and cultural superiority over India through English education and literature. Shakespeare was used as a convenient ploy for achieving this aim. However, India's engagement with Shakespeare performance for over two hundred years has not been uniform throughout. From being 'imitative' during the first half of the nineteenth century to popular during the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to 'urban-folkish' in the post-Independence India, productions of Shakespeare's plays have undergone interesting transformations. The book looks at Shakespeare in Bengali and Parsi theatre at length. Other theatre traditions like Marathi, Kannada, Malayalam and Hindi which are equally rich and have registered a considerable influence of Shakespeare have been included.
Safety of Cow’s Milk-Derived Fortifiers Used with an All-Human Milk Base Diet in Very Low Birthweight Preterm Infants
Authors: Lucas Alan , Assad Maushumi , Sherman Jan , Boscardin John , Abrams Steven
Published: February 2021

Background: Very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants fed mothers own milk (MOM) need nutritional supplementation, traditionally achieved with cow’s milk derived fortifier (CMDF) and preterm formula (PTF) if MOM is insufficient. CM products have been associated with diverse major morbidities. The current recommendation is to preferentially replace PTF with donor milk (DM) to produce a 100% human milk (HM) base diet, usually fortified with CMDF.

Objective: To identify whether CMDF, even when fed with a 100% HM base diet, is related to an increased risk of major morbidities.

Methods: We identified a randomized trial with an all-HM base diet, comparing CMDF with a fortifier derived from human milk (HMDF), and two additional studies of this design were generated from raw data as subgroup analyses of a randomized controlled trial and a quasi-experimental study. Using these studies, we calculated the impact of CMDF on major morbidities of death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Results: Each study individually provided support for an increase in major morbidities with CMDF. Meta-analyses of pooled data showed that compared to HMDF, the CMDF group had large in- creases in NEC (RR = 3.3; P = .001), ROP (RR = 2.2; P = .007), PDA (RR = 1.6; P = .009), interruption of feeding (RR = 3.4; P = .001) and a positive mortality/morbidity index based on one or more of death, NEC, sepsis, ROP and BPD (RR = 1.4; P = .006).

Conclusions: Despite the increased use of HM in modern neonatal care as a base diet, we found a greater risk of critical morbidities with CMDF compared with HMDF. This burden of morbidity provides evidence that the benefits of an HM base diet, might be, in part, counteracted by multiple adverse outcomes relating to the use of CMDF.
Kesejahteraan Keluarga Menurut Maqasid Syariah Dalam Konteks Masyarakat Majmuk Di Sarawak: Satu Tinjauan Awal
Authors: Bin Awang Ahmad Awang Nib Zuhairi , Bin Towpek Hadenan , Bin Abdul Kadir Abdul Razak
Published: February 2021

Islam merupakan sebuah agama yang memberikan perhatian serius terhadap aspek kesejahteraan keluarga. Hal ini boleh dibuktikan menerusi prinsip yang menjadi tumpuan dalam maqasid syariah iaitu menjaga agama, nyawa, keturunan, akal dan harta. Prinsip-prinsip ini banyak dibahaskan dalam merangka dasar-dasar kesejahteraan keluarga. Justeru artikel ini menganalisis terhadap aspek kesejahteraan keluarga menurut maqasid syariah dalam masyarakat majmuk di Sarawak. Artikel yang bersifat kajian kualitatif ini mengupas pandangan para ilmuan Islam secara terperinci dengan menggunakan metod analisis kandungan, induktif, deduktif serta komparatif. Artikel ini mendapati bahawa pembinaan dasar kesejahteraan keluarga berteraskan lima prinsip maqasid syariah dalam konteks masyarakat majmuk di Sarawak boleh dirumuskan menerusi sembilan belas elemen utama. Teras prinsip pertama (menjaga agama) merumuskan elemen akidah, keimanan, memupuk keharmonian, saling hormat menghormati dan amar makruf nahi mungkar. Teras prinsip kedua menjaga nyawa) merumuskan elemen pencegahan kezaliman sama ada kepada diri sendiri atau orang lain, kasih sayang dan bersyukur dengan anugerah kehidupan. Teras prinsip ketiga (menjaga akal) merumuskan elemen pencegahan daripada perkara yang memudaratkan akal, kelestarian akal dan hubungan dengan persekitaran. Teras prinsip keempat (menjaga keturunan) merumuskan elemen kewajipan perkahwinan, pendidikan, hubungan dengan manusia dan hubungan dengan Tuhan (ibadah). Teras prinsip kelima (menjaga harta) merumuskan elemen pengurusan kewangan yang merangkumi pendapatan dan perbelanjaan, kebajikan, kewajipan menunaikan zakat dan melakukan amal jariah seperti sedekah, derma dan wakaf. Dapatan daripada artikel ini secara langsung membuktikan bahawa Islam amat mementingkan kepada kesejahteraan manusia dalam masyarakat majmuk secara umumnya dan kesejahteraan keluarga secara khususnya untuk kehidupan di dunia serta akhirat.
Atraso, liberalización y dolarización
Authors: Góchez Sevilla Roberto
Published: February 2021

En este artículo, se desarrollan algunas de las ideas vertidas por el autor en el seminario “Análisis crítico de la dolarización” llevado a cabo por el Departamento de Economía de la UCA los días 27 al 29 de abril de 2011. En particular, este trabajo aborda aspectos estructurales del sector externo de El Salvador, y reflexiona sobre algunos posibles efectos de la dolarización, que acaba de cumplir diez años de vigencia legal en el país. El artículono pretende ser un análisis exhaustivo de la dolarización, sino más bien ofrecer reflexiones sobre la misma, basadas en la situación concreta que El Salvador tiene en su sector externo. Así, el énfasis principal del trabajo esubicar los principales problemas estructurales del sector externo salvadoreño, desde una perspectiva crítica y concluir reflexionado sobre la dolarización.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 66, No. 726, 2011: 331-354.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PADA TOKO JILBAB RJS KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Sasmita Susanto Eri , Karisma Yana , Isnaeni Susi
Published: February 2021

Toko jilbab RJS Kabupaten Sumbawa yang bergerak dalam bidang penjualan jilbab dan busana muslim mempunyai cukup banyak pelanggan dikarenakan harga dari produk yang dijual cukup variatif, maka dari itu dibutuhkan sebuah sistem informasi penjualan untuk membantu pelanggan membeli dan menerima informasi produk dari toko tersebut. Sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web ini bertujuan untuk membantu pelanggan atau konsumen toko jilbab RJS dapat melakukan pembelian dan mengetahui informasi produk secara online tanpa harus mendatangi toko secara langsung.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sebuah sistem informasi penjualan pada Toko Jilbab RJS Kabupaten Sumbawa berbasis web. Sistem ini dikembangkan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan menggunakan MySQL sebagai database. Metode Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak menggunakan Metode Waterfall. Pengujian perangkat lunak dilakukan melalui pengujian black-box, teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil akhir yang di peroleh adalah sebuah sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web yang digunakan oleh toko jilbab RJS Kabupaten Sumbawa. Sistem ini mampu memberikan promosi produk, penjualan produk dengan pembayaran melalui rekening.