bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of anti‐HLA antibodies associated with ventricular assist device use in pediatric patients: A United Network for Organ Sharing database analysis
Authors: Magdo H. Sonali , Schumacher Kurt R. , Yu Sunkyung , Gajarski Robert J. , Friedland‐Little Joshua M.
Published: June 2017

While VAD use in pediatric patients has previously been associated with anti‐HLA antibody production, the clinical significance of these antibodies is unclear. We investigated the clinical impact of anti‐HLA antibodies associated with VAD use in a large cohort of pediatric HTx recipients. From 2004 to 2011, pediatric cardiomyopathy patients post‐HTx (N=1288) with pre‐HTx PRA levels were identified from the United Network for Organ Sharing database. PRA levels were compared between VAD patients and those with no history of MCS. Incidence of rejection and overall survival were compared between VAD and non‐MCS groups after stratification by PRA and age. VAD recipients were more likely to produce anti‐HLA antibodies than non‐MCS patients (25.5% vs 10.5% had PRA>10%, P<.0001). Sensitized VAD patients (PRA>10%) had a higher incidence of rejection within 15 months of HTx compared to sensitized non‐MCS patients (57.1% vs 35.9%, P=.02). There was no intergroup difference in 15‐month mortality. Among pediatric cardiomyopathy patients supported with a VAD, the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies prior to HTx is associated with an increased risk of rejection. The mechanism of the association between VAD‐associated antibodies and early rejection is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors in the cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months: a systematic review
Authors: Mangrio Elisabeth , Persson Karin , Bramhagen Ann‐Cathrine
Published: June 2017

Background

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding as the main source of nutrition for infants during their first 6 months of life. However, despite this well‐known recommendation, not all mothers breastfeed, whether partly or fully, during this time.

Objective

The aim of this systematic literature review was to compile evidence regarding sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors that influence breastfeeding mothers to stop breastfeeding before the infant reaches 6 months.

Search method

A systematic search was conducted in four databases.

Selection criteria

Studies with quantitative research were included.

Data collection and analysis

Totally, 186 abstracts were read, 83 seemed relevant but 18 were found to be duplicates. Finally, 27 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. The quality assessment was carried out with a quality assessment template from the Swedish Council on Technology and Assessment, and the grading of the result was carried out according to GRADE.

Results

The association of breastfeeding cessation between the mother's young age, low level of education, return to work within 12‐week postpartum, caesarean birth and inadequate milk supply was found to have a low level of evidence. The link found between depressions among the mothers with the cessation of breastfeeding was found to have a very low level of evidence.

Conclusions

Sociodemographic factors appeared to have caused cessation of breastfeeding in some of the included articles. The preventive work should focus on how to improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals and targeted interventions must address mothers who are at risk of ceasing breastfeeding before the recommended time.
Autosimilarty, Long Memory and Chaos: Evidence from the Tunisian Market
Authors: Limam Monia Antar
Published: June 2017

Fractal Finance came to the rescue of the classical models unable to explain financial anomalies and of linear models inadequate to characterize complex processes. The characterization of financial series is still topical. The calculation of the Hurst exponent, the fractal dimension, the Lyapunov exponent, the window of Theiler and the realization of the determinism test, have allowed us to understand the dynamics of the Tunisian indexes returns. Clearly, findings show that the returns are, on the one hand, nonlinear, follow alpha-stable laws, have a long memory and on the other hand, are not chaotic. Thus, the hypothesis of a Brownian fractal motion is privileged.
The Number of Target Molecules of the Amplification Step Limits Accuracy and Sensitivity in Ultradeep-Sequencing Viral Population Studies
Authors: Gallet Romain , Fabre Frédéric , Michalakis Yannis , Blanc Stéphane
Published: June 2017

The invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques marked the coming of a new era in the detection of the genetic diversity of intrahost viral populations. A good understanding of the genetic structure of these populations requires, first, the ability to identify the different isolates or variants and, second, the ability to accurately quantify them. However, the initial amplification step of NGS studies can impose potential quantitative biases, modifying the variant relative frequencies. In particular, the number of target molecules (NTM) used during the amplification step is vastly overlooked although of primary importance, as it sets the limit of the accuracy and sensitivity of the sequencing procedure. In the present article, we investigated quantitative biases in an NGS study of populations of a multipartite single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus at different steps of the procedure. We studied 20 independent populations of the ssDNA virus faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) in two host plants,
Vicia faba
and
Medicago truncatula
. FBNSV is a multipartite virus composed of eight genomic segments, whose specific and host-dependent relative frequencies are defined as the “genome formula.” Our results show a significant distortion of the FBNSV genome formula after the amplification and sequencing steps. We also quantified the genetic bottleneck occurring at the amplification step by documenting the NTM of two genomic segments of FBNSV. We argue that the NTM must be documented and carefully considered when determining the sensitivity and accuracy of data from NGS studies.

IMPORTANCE
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques now enables study of the genetic diversity of viral populations. A good understanding of the genetic structure of these populations first requires the ability to identify the different isolates or variants and second requires the ability to accurately quantify them. Prior to sequencing, viral genomes need to be amplified, a step that potentially imposes quantitative biases and modifies the viral population structure. In particular, the number of target molecules (NTM) used during the amplification step is of primary importance, as it sets the limit of the accuracy and sensitivity of the sequencing procedure. In this work, we used 20 replicated populations of the multipartite faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) to estimate the various limitations of ultradeep-sequencing studies performed on intrahost viral populations. We report quantitative biases during rolling-circle amplification and the NTM of two genomic segments of FBNSV.
Optimized Parallel Implementation of Extended Kalman Filter Using FPGA
Authors: Jarrah Amin , Al-Tamimi Abdel-Karim , Albashir Tala
Published: June 2017

There are enormous numbers of applications that require the use of tracking algorithms to predict the future states of a system according to its previous accumulated states. Thus, many efficient techniques are widely adopted to estimate the future states of a system at every point in time to get the desired performance levels. Kalman filter is a popular and an efficient method for online estimations for linear measurements. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), on the other hand, is more suited for nonlinear measurements. However, EKF algorithm is well known to be computationally intensive, and may not achieve the strict requirements of real time applications. This issue has motivated researchers to consider the use of parallel processing platforms such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) to meet the real time requirements. This paper provides an optimized parallel architecture for EKF using FPGA. Our approach exploits many optimization and parallel techniques such as pipelining, loop unrolling, dataflow, and inlining; and utilizes the inherently parallel architecture nature of FPGAs to accelerate the estimation process. Our experimental analyses show that our optimized implementation of EKF can achieve better results when compared to other implementations using GPU and multicore platforms. Moreover, higher performance levels can be achieved when operating on larger data sizes. This is due to our proposed optimization techniques that we have applied, and the exploited inherent parallelism among EKF operations.
Pictograms to Provide a Better Understanding of Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms in Chinese Subjects
Authors: Zhao Wei , Jin Hong , Zhang Lili , Wang Bin , Sun Fangyuan , Jiao Huanli , Sun Chao , Wang Bangmao
Published: June 2017

Objective. To explore whether pictograms could help people understand reflux symptoms. Methods. Gastroenterologists (n=28), non-GI physicians (n=30), healthy people without medical education (n=34), patients with gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) (n=45), and general people (n=100) were included. Pictograms denoting classic reflux symptoms (sour regurgitation, heartburn, retrosternal pain, and regurgitation) were created by the joint efforts of an artist and a gastroenterologist. The subjects were asked to tell the meaning of each card within 30 s. Results. Compared with the physicians, healthy people without medical education tended to make mistakes in the understanding of the terms of reflux symptoms. Among GERD patients, all the terms of reflux symptoms could be understood accurately. Compared with that of non-GI physicians, GI physician had a higher accuracy in the understanding of the term regurgitation (P<0.05). Pictograms denoting reflux symptoms could be understood accurately in all four groups. A sample from the general population showed that the recognition of the pictogram was more accurate than the recognition of the terms. Conclusions. Pictograms could help ordinary people who do not have medical education to understand reflux symptoms more accurately in China. Compared with abstract terms, pictograms could be useful for epidemiological studies and diagnosis of GERD in the community.
Risk of Tuberculosis Reactivation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Psoriatic Arthritis Receiving Non-Anti-TNF-Targeted Biologics
Authors: Cantini Fabrizio , Nannini Carlotta , Niccoli Laura , Petrone Linda , Ippolito Giuseppe , Goletti Delia
Published: June 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) still represents an important issue for public health in underdeveloped countries, but the use of antitumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNF) for the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disorders has reopened the problem also in countries with low TB incidence, due to the increased risk of TB reactivation in subjects with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Over the last 5 years, several non-anti-TNF-targeted biologics have been licensed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. We reviewed the epidemiology of TB, the role of different cytokines and of the immune system cells involved in the immune response against TB infection, the methods to detect LTBI, and the risk of TB reactivation in patients exposed to non-anti-TNF-targeted biologics. Given the limited role exerted by the cytokines different from TNF, as expected, data from controlled trials, national registries of biologics, and postmarketing surveillance show that the risk of TB reactivation in patients receiving non-anti-TNF-targeted biologics is negligible, hence raising the question whether the screening procedures for LTBI would be necessary.
A visão do controle externo na eficiência dos gastos públicos com educação fundamental
Authors: Amorim Klerton Andrade Freitas de , Diniz Josedilton Alves , Lima Severino Cesário de
Published: June 2017

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar se a eficiência técnica na aplicação dos recursos públicos dos municípios paraibanos relaciona-se com os pareceres de julgamento de contas municipais emitidos pelo TCE-PB. Para tanto, definiu-se a hipótese de que existe relação positiva entre os pareceres de julgamento de contas dos municípios emitidos pelo TCE-PB e o nível de eficiência técnica na aplicação dos recursos públicos na educação fundamental. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa escolheu-se como caso concreto os 223 municípios integrantes do Estado da Paraíba com dados compreendendo o período de 2009 a 2011. Os scores de eficiência foram obtidos no portal web do TCE-PB. Para testar a hipótese utilizou-se a regressão logit. Com base nos achados empíricos, não se rejeita a hipótese de pesquisa, validando-se que, de alguma forma, o parecer do TCE-PB enxerga a dimensão da eficiência dos gastos públicos com educação fundamental nas apreciações das contas de gestão dos municípios.
Implementation of an Intramural Competitive Resident Research Grant
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Kohrman David C. , Corfas Gabriel , Bradford Carol R.
Published: June 2017

Experience with procurement of research funding and grantsmanship is an essential skill and one that is rarely taught in a manner that adequately prepares trainees for the magnitude of this professional requirement. The aims of the program described in this article are (1) to provide a mentored experience in grantsmanship through designing and concisely outlining an individual research study and (2) to supplement extramural funding mechanisms for clinical trainees to produce meaningful and substantive clinical and/or basic science research. A total of $10,000 of departmental chair discretionary funds is allocated for resident research annually. The first 2 cycles have successfully allocated the allotted funding through a competitive, scored grant evaluation process. Awardees have already produced meaningful data that have been nationally presented, submitted for publication, and integrated into an National Institutes of Health grant submission. The feasibility of implementing an intramural competitive resident research grant may have broad application within varied training environments.
Body image in adult women: Associations with health behaviors, quality of life, and functional impairment
Authors: Becker Carolyn B , Verzijl Christina L , Kilpela Lisa S , Wilfred Salome A , Stewart Tiffany
Published: June 2017

This study examined body image in adult women along with probable correlates including health behaviors, negative affect, quality of life, and functional impairment. Adult women ( N = 738, age = 25–86 years) completed an online survey assessing these domains. Women across all ages reported similar body image concerns. Negative body image significantly correlated with poorer wellness behaviors, negative affect, quality of life, and functional impairment. The inverse held for positive body image. The majority of correlations remained even when controlling for negative affect. Further research is warranted to investigate nature of the correlational relationships identified in this study.
President's Page
Authors: Cunningham Paul S.
Published: June 2017

Science, in the view of many, transcends borders and politics, not unlike the geology that we study with our geophysical tools. Yet we still find ourselves limited in how to exchange scientific knowledge and viewpoints and how to maintain a dialogue with fellow geoscientists in certain parts of the world.
Kaleidoscope
Authors: Tracy Derek K. , Joyce Dan W. , Shergill Sukhwinder S.
Published: June 2017

We always hope you enjoy the free journal that comes with your Kaleidoscope subscription. A paper in this month's issue (pp. ) showed that most scales assessing risk performed no better than the clinician/patient predictions following self-harm; this provoked a lively discussion on the journal's Twitter feed. A new paper by Seena Fazel's team explores their utility in criminal justice settings and forensic psychiatry. The authors note how such tools are used to inform critical aspects of patient management such as in-patient detention and discharge, custodial sentencing, parole, and post-release monitoring. This is despite a lack of reliable validation on predictive accuracy, especially in important groups such as women, ethnic minority populations, and those motivated by religious or political extremism. Furthermore, they find the literature is marred by significant publication and authorship bias, and suggest that better-quality data will allow better matching of relevant tools to clinical contexts. This is best exemplified by assessing the balance between optimising false positive v. false negative findings: highly sensitive tools (with low false negatives) may be optimal where ‘protecting the public’ is seen as key, whereas highly specific ones might best protect prisoner and patient rights and interests. Assessment tools have had accusations of implicit discrimination levelled against them, as they commonly capture sociodemographic data – age, gender, ethnicity, immigration status – that risk profiling and perpetuating stigma. But should this information be excluded, especially as some data may improve predictive accuracy? The analogy of racial profiling at airports is put forward: if this helps a limited, but highly contentious, screening resource prevent more atrocities, is it warranted? It's clearly a charged debate, and perhaps that is part of the problem, balancing emotion and fairness with science. In the absence of robust data, we walk the fine line between coarse variables that may perpetuate discrimination, and the risk of their politically driven removal.
Vitamin D Receptor–Dependent Signaling Protects Mice From Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis
Authors: Wang Fa , Johnson Robert L. , DeSmet Marsha L. , Snyder Paul W. , Fairfax Keke C. , Fleet James C.
Published: June 2017

Low vitamin D status potentiates experimental colitis, but the vitamin D–responsive cell in colitis has not been defined. We hypothesized that vitamin D has distinct roles in colonic epithelial cells and in nonepithelial cells during colitis. We tested this hypothesis by using mice with vitamin D receptor (VDR) deletion from colon epithelial cells (CEC-VDRKO) or nonintestinal epithelial cells (NEC-VDRKO). Eight-week-old mice were treated with 1.35% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days and then euthanized 2 or 10 days after removal of DSS. DSS induced body weight loss and increased disease activity index and spleen size. This response was increased in NEC-VDRKO mice but not CEC-VDRKO mice. DSS-induced colon epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration scores were increased in both mouse models. Although the epithelium healed between 2 and 10 days after DSS administration in control and CEC-VDRKO mice, epithelial damage remained high in NEC-VDRKO mice 10 days after removal of DSS, indicating delayed epithelial healing. Gene expression levels for the proinflammatory, M1 macrophage (Mɸ) cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide synthase 2, and interleukin-1β were significantly elevated in the colon of NEC-VDRKO mice at day 10. In vitro experiments in murine peritoneal Mɸs demonstrated that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D directly inhibited M1 polarization, facilitated M2 polarization, and regulated Mɸ phenotype switching toward the M2 and away from the M1 phenotype. Our data revealed unique protective roles for vitamin D signaling during colitis in the colon epithelium as well as nonepithelial cells in the colon microenvironment (i.e., modulation of Mɸ biology).
Management of financial and economic security of a modern bank: remote maintenance risks
Authors: Шумилина Ольга , Езангина Ирина , Ezangina Irina
Published: June 2017

The paper emphasizes that the variety of products offered by a modern bank in the remote access mode, its permanent renewal, integration services increase the downside risks to economic and financial security of the credit institution. Risks writers associated with cyber attacks as the main tool of remote financial fraud, which is confirmed by reliable statistical material. Analyzed species, tools, the initiators of the attacks proved their dual nature associated with purposefulness as well as the infrastructure of the credit institution and its customer base. Continuing studied private practice to counter cybercrime. The conclusion about the significance of direct and indirect participation of the state institution to ensure financial stability of the banking system as the basis of its economic security. Special attention is given to describing the activities of the prospects created by the Chief of Security and Information Protection of the Bank of Russia, as well as a mechanism to increase the financial literacy of the population in order to minimize the risk of fraud by unscrupulous market participants
ON THE PRIORITIES OF OPERATIONAL MONITORING STRUCTURES WATER IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA — EXPERIENCING WATER SHORTAGES
Authors: Бандурин Михаил , Bandurin Mikhail
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of the implementation

of new operational monitoring systems. The issue of monitoring

of water use is relevant as once especially in the south of Russia,

having as significant water and using an annual average of no

more than 2% of river flow, the Russian Federation in a number

of regions deficient in water. The main reason for this — the

extremely unequal distribution of water resources throughout the

country that are not consistent with the needs of them, their very

large temporal variability, especially in the southern regions of

Russia. Existing methods of water conveyance structures survey

aimed to assess the overall suitability of bearing structures of

buildings for further use. In surveys, a number of questions to

identify the nature of damage and defects, as well as forecasting

of technical condition for a certain period of time.
Control of melt bath parameters at laser welding using high-speed video camera
Authors: Исхаков Фанис , Iskhakov Fanis , Шиганов Игорь , Shiganov Igor , Курынцев Сергей , Kuryntsev Sergey , Гильмутдинов Альберт , Gilmutdinov Albert
Published: June 2017

The paper reports the procedure of researches of welding bath parameters with the application of a high-speed video camera at laser welding. The video materials obtained allow monitoring on-line the parameters of bath crystallization and defining the dependence of this process upon welding speed. On the basis of the video material analysis there are defined dependences of bath parameter changes upon welding speed. There is shown a tie of changes in dimensions and micro-structure with the welding speed.
OPPORTUNITIES OF HOP-GROWING IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC
Authors: Макушев  , Makushev Andrey , Владимиров  , Vladimirov Vladimir , Захаров  , Zaharov Anatoliy
Published: June 2017

In terms of import substitution an investment attractiveness has increased of such traditional terms of the agricultural sector for the Chuvash Republic, as the hop-growing. However, despite increased and very attractive prices for agricultural hops - raw materials, production volume in the country is very low. In recent years, hops plantation area does not exceed 250 hectares and the gross yield - 400-420 tons. In the 90s of the last century of hop production reached 3,000 tons. Nowadays, 3.6 thousand tons of hops are imported in Russia. For the revival of hop-production and the substitution of imported raw materials for brewing, pharmaceutical and chemical industries by domestic hops, it is necessary to develop a new, more effective system of public financial support for hop-growers. The authors determined the amount of the initial investment costs, needed for the organization of hops production, and recommended minimum and maximum size of the state grants for capital investments in the sector. According to the technological requirements and current prices the hop-production organization requires the following types of investments: construction of hop plantations in the amount of 1,250 thousand rubles per 1 hectare; soil preparation and planting seedlings - 300 thousand rubles per 1 hectare; purchase of machinery and equipment for the cultivation, harvesting and drying of hops - around 38 million rubles per 50 hectares of plantations. Thereby, the total investment in fixed assets per 50 hectares of hop-plantations could reach about 113 million rubles (2260 thousand rubles per 1 hectare). The size of state subsidies for capital investments into the hop-growing, on the authors’ calculations, should be not less than 20% and not more than 50% of the necessary expenditure. These amounts may be from 452 thousand rubles (20%) to 1130 thousand rubles (50%) per 1 hectare of plantations.
GENETIC RESOURCES OF SERVICING BULLS ACCORDING TO DNA MARKERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Шайдуллин  , Shaydullin Radik , Шарафутдинов  , Sharafutdinov Gazimzyan , Сибагатуллин  , Sibagatullin Fatih , Зарипов  , Zaripov Fanur
Published: June 2017

Thanks to DNA diagnostics method it has become possible to identify the genotypes of marker genes of servicing bulls, that makes effective use of manufacturers with the desired gene alleles of economically useful features and is now the main task of breeding in cattle. The analysis and synthesis of polymorphism according to DNA markers of productivity: the kappa-casein (CSN3), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (DGAT1), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroglobulin (TG5), leptin ( LEP) in bulls of Tatarstan type of Kholmogorsk breeding, black-and-white and Kholstein breeding, belonging to tribal enterprises of Tatarstan: JSC Parent enterprise “Elita”, JSC “Menzelinsky breeding enterprise”, JSC “Bugulminsk breeding enterprise”. It was found that the bulls of Tatarstan type of Kholmogorsk breeds have the highest frequency of heterozygous genotypes for most genes, so according to CSN3 genotype AB - 34.2%, according to PRL genotype AB - 30.4%, to TG5 genotype TC - 35.9%, to LEP genotype TC - 66.7% and homozygous genotypes for the genes DGAT1, LGB, PRL, GH, LEP, respectively, AA genotype (47.2%), BB (48.7%), BB (2.2%), VV (20,0%), SS (33.3%). Genetic equilibrium is disrupted on gene of diacylglycerol acyltransferase in bulls of Tatarstan type of Kholmogory breed (χ2 = 4,72; P <0.05) and a black-and-white breed (χ2 = 3,91; P <0.05), and according to the somatropin gene only Kholmogory breed producers (χ2 = 5,42; P <0.05).
A criteria-based audit to improve early postnatal care in Jinja, Uganda
Authors: Kanyunyuzi Annette Evelyn , Ekong Elizabeth Namukombe , Namukwaya Regina Eve , Namala Alex Lwasa , Mudondo Loy , Mwebaza Enid , Smyth Rebecca
Published: June 2017

Background:

Globally, 50% of maternal deaths and 40% of neonatal deaths occur within 24 hours of birth, notably in developing countries. ( Khanal et al, 2014 ). The provision of postnatal care in Uganda is low: only 2% of mothers are reported to have received a postnatal check-up within one hour.

Objective:

To assess and improve the provision of postnatal care within the first 6 hours of birth.

Methods:

A criteria-based audit was carried out by retro-spectively evaluating 400 case records, to observe practice in the immediate postnatal period against agreed standards.

Results:

Findings demonstrated that standards were infrequently met, and that assessment of the mother after admission to the postnatal ward was also found to be low. Selected interventions were introduced, and a re-audit 2 months later revealed significant improvements in the delivery of postnatal care for both mothers and babies.

Findings:

Criteria-based audit is a feasible quality improvement strategy, and the identification of simple interventions registered remarkable improvement, which is essential for quality postnatal care within the first 6 hours of birth.
Bump Start: developing and piloting a healthy living group intervention for obese pregnant women
Authors: Bull Eleanor R , Clayton Hope , Hendry Therese
Published: June 2017

Pregnancy is a time when women may be particularly motivated to make healthy lifestyle changes, which is encouraging when maternal obesity remains such an important modifiable risk factor. However, offering the right ‘recipe’ of support can be challenging for midwives. They report lacking time and confidence for ongoing discussions about diet and physical activity in consultations, and a lack of local evidence-based supportive services to which they can refer interested women. This article reports the efforts of a team of midwives, health psychologists, dieticians and physiotherapists to use theory and evidence to develop and pilot a community-based programme to address this issue. Bump Start aims to encourage healthy lifestyle changes in overweight antenatal women in a health board in Scotland. It presents initial findings from the first pilot, highlighting particular factors that went well and challenges that presented themselves along the way, in the hope of sharing learning with other teams.
Dental nurse req for busy local practice. No exp req, would suit school leaver
Authors: Dines Nicole
Published: June 2017

Nicola Dines draws on her 20-plus years of experience to look ahead to a better future for the dental nurse
Trigeminal neuralgia: a difficult diagnosis to make
Authors: Zakrzewska Joanna
Published: June 2017

A review by Professor Joanna Zakrzewska who is the head of the Medical Advisory Board for the Trigeminal Neuralgia Association UK (TNA UK)
The biggest changes in my career
Authors: Jeffrey Karen
Published: June 2017

A day in the life of an infection control lead – with dental nurse Karen Jeffrey
Commodification of Healthcare and its Consequences
Authors: Isaac Christiansen
Published: June 2017

This article examines the political economy of healthcare financing and provision from a Marxist perspective. The article argues that the nature of a country's health financing system results in part as a result of the balance of class forces within a society. The commodification of healthcare is seen as not only creating barriers to access that are deleterious to society's most vulnerable members, but also distorting the dynamics of healthcare provision itself. The article closes with a typology of healthcare financing and provision and a brief analysis of essential elements of a rights-based approach to healthcare financing and delivery.
Weeping in the Playtime of Others: The Obama Administration's Failed Reform of ICE Family Detention Practices
Authors: Schriro Dora
Published: June 2017

The United States has long struggled with the practice of detaining immigrant families and over time, most reform efforts have flagged, if not failed. This paper examines the impact of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA) through an exploration of the evolution of the family residential center (FRC) for families in immigration custody, established prior to the 9/11 terrorist attack by the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and expanded by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in its aftermath. The paper provides an inside look at how policymakers, at various points in the Obama administration, sought to roll back its most infirm practices and the fate of those efforts. It begins with a brief history of family detention in the United States, continues with a summary of the reforms undertaken both early and late in the Obama administration, and examines the significant challenges it faced and the less progressive positions it adopted during its first and second terms in office.The paper concludes with a discussion of reasons for the rapid reversal of its previous reforms and provides recommendations to achieve a civil, civil system of immigration enforcement for families and all others, which means nothing less than the transformation of the immigrant detention system from a criminal to a civil paradigm, consistent with the population and legal authorities.[1] The need for such an effort is all the more urgent in light of executive actions taken in the early days of the Trump administration and their initial outcomes. Among those thwarting admissions are  orders to Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to seal the US borders, shun refugees fleeing from war-torn regions until “extreme vetting” measures are put into place, and reassess others who have already been issued visas.  Additional orders issued to ICE expanded and expedited the removal of persons whose conduct could result in charges or convictions as well as those with criminal charges or convictions, resulting in a 38 percent increase in arrests by ICE agents within the first 100 days of the Trump administration (Dickerson 2017b; Duara 2017).        [1] For further discussion of the concept of a civil, civil system of immigration enforcement, see Schriro (2009).
Wissenschaftliche Pluralität meint Pluralität der Erkenntnisformen
Authors: Graupe Silja , Schwaetzer Harald
Published: June 2017

In Zeiten erheblichen gesellschaftlichen Wandels braucht es an Hochschulen mehr, als existierendes Wissen zu vermitteln. Studierende sind zur Reflexion und Gestaltung der Gewinnung von Wissen, das heißt von Erkenntnisprozessen selbst, zu befähigen, damit sie in der Welt von morgen die richtigen Fragen stellen können. Welche Pluralität von Erkenntnisformen spielt eine Rolle und vor welchen Herausforderungen steht die Wissenschaftslandschaft?
Performativität, ökonomische Bewertung und Ökosystemleistungen
Authors: Petschow Ulrich , Dehnhardt Alexandra
Published: June 2017

Die Mainstreamökonomie hat Natur und Umwelt als „Sack voll Ressourcen“ und als Ressourcenallokationsproblem interpretiert. Ansätze der ökonomisch-ökologischen Bewertung, wie sie insbesondere infolge der Havarie von Exxon Valdez vorangetrieben wurden, weiten den Blick der Ökonomik, müssen aber „Grenzen“ thematisieren und die Reproduktion der Ökosysteme und der Ökosystemleistungen in den Fokus nehmen.
Staat, Gesellschaft und grüne Transformationen im globalen Süden
Authors: Wallbott Linda , Lederer Markus
Published: June 2017

Die Anbahnung und Umsetzung grüner Transformationen ist ein komplexer, sektoren- und ebenenübergreifender Prozess, der auf die Unterstützung mächtiger Akteurskonstellationen angewiesen ist. Solche Transformationen müssen von staatlichen Akteuren angestoßen oder begleitet werden, wie das Beispiel der „grünen“ Republik Costa Rica zeigt.
Mismanagement and reform failures in Nigeria: historical perspectives
Authors: Ugoani John N. N.
Published: June 2017

The Nigerian economy started experiencing economic recession from 1981 which was characterized by low capacity utilization, incomes, and consumption patterns. Public enterprises were operating at the lowest ebb. Government discovered that, without any exception, such enterprises were infested with problems of confused and conflicting missions; political interference in operating decisions; abuse of monopoly powers; defective capital structures; bureaucratic redtapism in their relations with supervisory agencies; mismanagement; nepotism and corruption. Consequently, reform failures and entrenched bureaucratic corruption have created systemic poverty amidst robust economic growth in Nigeria; a situation that supports the phenomenon of poor people in a rich country. Nigeria at present is ranked among the poorest nations in the world and also has one of the highest unemployment rates. It is estimated that more than one in every five adults in Nigeria is either unemployed or underemployed with about 67 million youths unemployed which is not unrelated to the effects of mismanagement and reform failures. The exploratory research design was used in the study. Qualitative data provided empirical evidence that most past reform programmes in Nigeria did not achieve the objectives for which they were established. With a Negative – Positive Ratio of 7:2 based on the study, it was found that government reform policies have not made the desired positive impact on socio-economic development in Nigeria.
Strategic mistakes (AVOIDABLE) The topicality of Michel Porter’s generic strategies
Authors: Viltard Leandro Adolfo
Published: June 2017

This article explores the topicality of Porter’s generic strategies, assessing about their applicability on two specific automotive industry projects: The Smart and the New Beetle.  After performing a documentation analysis on these two projects, it was concluded that both of them may be considered avoidable strategic mistakes as they show the risks of higher differentiation that is not being paid by the customer, no matter how if it is about recognized brands or icon products. Hazards and risks, like big losses and negative margins, are applicable to every firm.   This is a qualitative investigation with a not experimental and transversal research design.
Social Network Analysis on Lean Production and World Class Manufacturing: how are associated in the literature?
Authors: Goes Gustavo Antiqueira , Satolo Eduardo Guilherme , Queiroz Timóteo Ramos , Bernardo Cristiane Hengler Correa , Raymundo Juliana Delgado Martins
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify how to configure the publications that relate WCM and Lean Production issues. Therefore, a search on the Brazilian metasearch portal called CAPES Periodicals was conducted focusing on articles of the last five years. They were identified after screening and filtering a total of 42 articles, which were analyzed. The construction of the network analysis has identified that the issues are still in an initial phase of association, with the characteristic part of decentralizes networks, with some points of greatest association. It was also identified that the theme Lean Production has greater representation between the two topics due its higher use by authors.
Observing student´s syntactic errors and the perceptions towards writing in the composition cours
Authors: Navas Brenes César Alberto
Published: June 2017

The aim of this article is to observe the improvement reached by two groups of English majors in order to identify and correct syntactic errors in a series of six academic paragraphs during two semesters in the second-year course LM-1235 English Composition I at the University of Costa Rica. In addition, it presents a sample lesson with the integration of different language skills so that learners will benefit from cooperative learning, authentic input, and a sequence of interactive tasks to improve their outcome, being this the case of an academic paragraph and its outline. Finally, the writer analyzes the resul ts of a survey questionnaire that assesses the learners’ perception towards the challenges of writing
Benjamín Gutiérrez: pionero de la producción y el desarrollo del saxofón y su repertorio clásico en Costa Rica
Authors: Valerio Javier
Published: June 2017

La Rapsodia para saxofón alto y orquesta de Benjamín Gutiérrez, representa un momento revolucionario para la historia de Costa Rica saxofón. Compositores costarricenses han escrito repertorio clásico importante a finales del siglo 20, contribuyendo así al desarrollo de la música de saxofón en general. Sin embargo, sus composiciones son poco conocidos fuera de sus círculos internos debido a la falta de ediciones musicales. A través de una serie de entrevistas y análisis este artículo refiere cómo Gutiérrez y la colaboración de Calderón cambiaron la forma de ver el saxofón de las elites musicales. Definitivamente, hay más trabajo por hacer para el saxofón clásico en Costa Rica, ya que hay todavía una falta de publicaciones y grabaciones de estas composiciones. Además, un mayor desarrollo profesional de los saxofonistas y la pedagogía saxofón con sensibilidad cultural son esenciales para garantizar una información eficaz sobre la aparición y el desarrollo continuo del repertorio de saxofón clásico en Costa Rica.
Camus y Kafka: cuando no hay castillo
Authors: Víquez Jiménez Alí
Published: June 2017

En vista del interés manifiesto de Albert Camus hacia la obra kafkiana, este ensayo se propone comparar las novelas El castillo (Kafka) y El extranjero (Camus). Intenta leer a la una desde la otra, de manera tal que se contrasten algunas posibilidades y algunas limitaciones estéticas y filosóficas que surgen al compararlas. Concluye con la construcción de un marco de lectura que esclarece una relación precisa posible entre ambos textos.
New records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) for a southern locality of the Argentine Yungas
Authors: Gamboa Alurralde Santiago , Barquez Rubén M. , Díaz M. Mónica
Published: June 2017

The forests of northwestern Argentina represent one of the most diverse areas of the country, but also one of the most affected by human activities. The southern border of this region is a transition area with the Dry Chaco Ecoregion and represents a poorly studied zone. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of bats at the village of Escaba, southern Tucuman. Seven field surveys were conducted at five different sites. A total of 120 specimens in three families and 14 species were recorded, 12 of them representing new records for the study area, increasing the species richness of Escaba from four to 16 species. The area will be recommended as an AICOM, a status given by the RELCOM, thereby promoting actions to preserve the species of bat in the area.
First record of Ischnocnema octavioi (Bokermann, 1965) from São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Holer Tomáš , Sýkorovský Dalibor , Hejcmanová Pavla
Published: June 2017

We present the first record of Ischnocnema octavioi from São Paulo state, Brazil. Until now, the species was thought to be endemic to Rio de Janeiro, where it was known from fewer than 10 localities. Based on recent data, we recommend that the IUCN Red List status for this species be re-evaluated.
The Demand of the Other in Paul Ricœur’s Philosophical Hermeneutics
Authors: Hołda Małgorzata
Published: June 2017

W artykule proponuję spojrzenie na etykę Paula Ricœura i nakaz Drugiego pod kątem treści poruszanych w jego dziele O sobie samym jako innym, takich jak: „ja” i Drugi, który cierpi, przyjaźń, „dobre życie” rozumiane jako teleologiczny horyzont ludzkiej egzystencji. Moim celem jest ukazanie, że Ricœur sytuuje nakaz Drugiego w „rozumieniu”, które jest pojmowane jako fundamentalny sposób bycia­‑w­‑świecie. Etyka Ricœura obejmuje przede wszystkim zagadnienie podatności na zranienie, wzajemną odpowiedzialność, dobroć i troskliwość. Ricœur twierdzi, że prawdziwa odpowiedź na nakaz Drugiego równa się wartościowemu, spełnionemu życiu i wyraża się w jego narracyjnej spójności. Artykuł podejmuje również temat debaty pomiędzy Ricœurem i Levinasem wokół relacji „ja” i „ty”, i różnic w podejściu do niej: model Ricœura zakłada odpowiedź Drugiego, podczas gdy Levinas mówi o relacji, która nie musi być oparta na wzajemności.
Prawda jako subiektywność czy subiektywność prawdy? Problem poznania w filozofii Duńczyka
Authors: Krawerenda-Wajda Katarzyna
Published: June 2017

Koncepcja prawdy subiektywnej, związana z indywiduum, prymatem wewnętrzności nad rozumem, jest wyrazem niezgody na ujmowanie jednostki jako części abstrakcyjnego systemu, w którym znika indywidualność, wolność i miejsce na wewnętrzny kontakt z Bogiem. Zdaniem Duńczyka prawda jako adequatio dotyczy tylko dziedziny nauki. Prawda jako zgodność myślenia i bytu zakłada adekwatny ogląd, ale to tylko stan chwilowy dla poznającego, dlatego Climacus określa taką prawdę mianem aproksymacji. Prawda jako adequatio nie ma zastosowania w dziedzinie tego, co realne, czyli w obszarze ducha i egzystencji. Dlatego poznanie spekulatywne, będące jedynie aproksymacją, jest bezużyteczne z punktu widzenia człowieka egzystującego. Czym jest więc prawda subiektywna w takim kontekście? Człowiek, odnosząc się do danej prawdy, rozważając ją, czyni ją własną, jednocześnie zastanawia się nad swoim stosunkiem do samego siebie wobec niej. Ten ostatni stosunek, to „jak”, jest gwarantem prawdziwości tej prawdy. Prawda jako przyswojenie posiada jeszcze trzeci element, jest to działanie mocą tego, co się przyswoiło i zrozumiało. W swoim rozumieniu prawdy Climacus wskazuje na związek między aksjologią a prawdą subiektywną.
The first-year as a mentor in Norwegian teacher education – asking for the authoritative word
Authors: Nilssen Vivi
Published: June 2017

I artikkelen beskriver og tolker jeg hvordan en første års praksislærer, Anna, savner støtte i sin nye rolle som veileder for lærerstudenter i norsk lærerutdanning. Selv om hun er ansatt på det som blir kalt praksisskole, føler hun seg alene i arbeidet med lærerstudentene. Det er ingen til å besvare hennes spørsmål om hvordan hun skal utføre sin nye rolle. Jeg argumenterer for at mangelen på en arena hvor hun kan diskutere spørsmålene sine, bidrar til at Anna posisjonerer seg som en som skal gjøre det andre har bestemt. Hun spør derfor etter det autoritative ordet fra høyskolen.
The scientific production of Nutrition published by the Scientific Electronic Library under the gaze of the evaluation of the Coordination for the Development of Higher Education Personnel
Authors: VASCONCELOS Francisco de Assis Guedes de
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: Perform analysis of the scientific production of Nutrition published by the Scientific Electronic Library under the gaze of the evaluation of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Methods: Systematic search was performed in the 286 current title journals, using the "article search" path, the "subject index" window and the "Nutrition" indexer. The articles and periodicals selected were analyzed in order to answer the following questions: Which journals from Scientific Electronic Library publish articles on Nutrition? Do these journals have an impact factor as measured by the Journal Citation Reports? Which are? What is the classification of these journals by the areas of evaluation of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, specifically by the area of Nutrition? Results: We analyzed 779 articles published in 85 journals. The majority of articles (n=698; 89.6%) were related to the area of Health Sciences. The five journals with higher volumes of articles were: Brazilian Journal of Nutrition, Reports in Public Health, Public Health Journal, Science & Public Health and Journal of Pediatrics. Most (62.4%) does not have Journal Citation Reports. The Nutrition area not rated any journal in strata A1 and A2, classifying them from B1 to B4. For eight areas analyzed their specific journals were induced to the upper strata of Qualis (A1, A2 and B1). Conclusion: The analyzed journals are the main vehicles of circulation of scientific paradigms of national scientific communities. Considering the correlation of forces between the vehicles of circulation of scientific knowledge in the international context, stimuli for valorization and qualification of these journals are essential.