bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic feature-based leakage event detection in near real-time for large-scale water distribution networks
Authors: Chew Alvin Wei Ze , Kalfarisi Rony , Meng Xue , Pok Jocelyn , Wu Zheng Yi , Cai Jianping
Published: January 2023

Acoustic sensors are widely deployed to detect hidden leakages in water distribution networks (WDNs). However, few studies have been conducted to quantitatively understand the dominant leakage acoustic characteristics, which are usually mixed with unknown environmental noises, coupled with the constraint of sparse deployment of acoustic sensors. In this paper, a comprehensive approach, that performs acoustic data feature analysis, is developed to detect pipe leakages in near real-time via a series of systematic analyses, namely: (1) data quality assessment; (2) features identifications; (3) outlier detection and event classification; and finally (4) near real-time leakage detection. The proposed solution has been tested on two major WDNs in Singapore having around 1,000 km of water pipelines installed with 74 permanently installed hydrophone sensors. The leakage detection results obtained from our case study demonstrate that the dominant leakage acoustic characteristics can be captured in lower intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), to within the frequency range of 100–750 Hz approximately, by decomposing the original acoustic signal. Systemwide leakage event detection and classification models are subsequently trained and tested on acoustic datasets collected over 13 historical months, where more than 70% F1-scores can be obtained from the emulated near real-time leakage detection analysis.
Drought characterization and severity analysis using GRACE-TWS and MODIS datasets: a case study from the Awash River Basin (ARB), Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Yitea Seneshaw , Li Ming-Hsu , Chen Yi-Ying , Yate Tewoderos Addisu
Published: February 2023

Drought is the utmost highly devastating phenomenon in Ethiopia because of societies that are reliant on rainfall-dependent agriculture; thus, it is crucial to characterize drought at the basin scale using new developments in remote sensing products and recently proposed drought indices. This study aimed to quantify drought in the Awash River Basin (ARB) using drought indices of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI), Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), and Water Storage Deficit Index (WSDI). The Mann–Kendall test analysis of annual and seasonal terrestrial water storage (TWS) showed a significant increase from 2002 to 2017 that is beneficial for developmental activities in the ARB. GRACE showed a record high extreme drought that persisted for 15 months was noticed from 2005/01 to 2006/03 with a total water storage deficit of −411.8 mm with a peak shortage of −46.24 mm in 2005/03, representing severe terrestrial water shortage in the ARB. This GRACE-TWS-based quantified extreme water shortage in 2005/30 can be used as a threshold for adaptation. Overall, this study provides a reliable outcome that will be vital for the establishment of climate change adaptation pathways in the future for viable water resources management to minimize the disastrous impacts of drought in the AR.
Memory of the coins in the context of the world history
Authors: Masliakova Anna Ivanovna
Published: February 2023

Despite the fact that the popularity of non-cash payments in the modern world is increasing, the importance of metal coins cannot be overestimated. The article examines coins through the prism of world history.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Current Alternatives in Veterinary Practice: A
Review
Authors: Sciorsci Raffaele Luigi , Rizzo Annalisa , Piccinno Mariagrazia , Lillo Edoardo , Carbonari Alice , Jirillo Felicita
Published: January 2023

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections. For many years, antibiotics have been
used at sub-therapeutic doses to promote animal growth and misused as prophylactics and metaphylactic on
farms. The widespread and improper use of antibiotics has resulted in a serious problem, defined as antibiotic
resistance by the World Health Organisation, which is a major public health threat in the 21st century. Bacteria
have evolved sophisticated mechanistic strategies to avoid being killed by antibiotics. These strategies can be
classified as intrinsic resistance (referring to the inherent structural or functional characteristics of a bacterial
species) or acquired resistance (referring to mutations in chromosomal genes or the acquisition of external genetic
determinants of resistance). In farm animals, the use of antibiotics warrants serious consideration, as their
residues leach into the environment through effluents and come into contact with humans through food. Several
factors have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review provides an update on
antibiotic resistance mechanisms, while focusing on the effects of this threat on veterinary medicine, and highlighting
causal factors in clinical practice. Finally, it makes an excursus on alternative therapies, such as the use
of bacteriophages, bacteriocins, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, phytochemicals, and ozone therapy,
which should be used to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Some of these therapies, such as ozone therapy,
are aimed at preventing the persistence of antibiotics in animal tissues and their contact with the final consumer
of food of animal origin.
Hub Genes and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vivo Validation
Authors: Li Chengwei , Xia Jingwen , Yiminniyaze Ruzetuoheti , Dong Liang , Li Shengqing
Published: January 2023

Background:

Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) represents a severe pulmonary disorder with high morbidity and mortality, which necessitates identifying the critical molecular mechanisms underlying HPH pathogenesis.

Methods:

The mRNA expression microarray GSE15197 (containing 8 pulmonary tissues from HPH and 13 normal controls) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were executed by RStudio software. The Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was visualized and established using Cytoscape, and the cytoHubba app from Cytoscape was used to pick out the hub modules. The infiltration of immune cells in HPH was analyzed using the CIBERSORTx. To confirm the potential hub genes, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted using lung tissues of rat HPH models and controls.

Results:

A total of 852 upregulated and 547 downregulated genes were identified. The top terms in biological processes were apoptosis, proliferation, and regulation of the MAPK cascade, including ERK1/2. Cytoplasm, cytosol, and membrane were enriched in cellular component groups. Molecular functions mainly focus on protein binding, protein serine/threonine kinase activity and identical protein binding. KEGG analysis identified pathways in cancer, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and rap1 signaling pathway. There was significantly different immune cell infiltration between HPH and normal control samples. High proportions of the memory subsets of B cells and CD4 cells, Macrophages M2 subtype, and resting Dendritic cells were found in HPH samples, while high proportions of naive CD4 cells and resting mast cells were found in normal control samples. The qRTPCR results showed that among the ten identified hub modules, FBXL3, FBXL13 and XCL1 mRNA levels were upregulated, while NEDD4L, NPFFR2 and EDN3 were downregulated in HPH rats compared with control rats.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed the key genes and the involvement of immune cell infiltration in HPH, thus providing new insight into the pathogenesis of HPH and potential treatment targets for patients with HPH.
Significance of Complement Regulatory Protein Tetraspanins in the Male
Reproductive System and Fertilization
Authors: Jangid Pooja , Rai Umesh , bakshi Amrita , Singh Rajeev
Published: January 2023

Fertilization is a very sophisticated and unique process involving several key steps resulting
in a zygote's formation. Recent research has indicated that some immune system-related cell surface
molecules (CD molecules from the tetraspanin superfamily) may have a role in fertilization. Extracellular
vesicles are undeniably involved in a variety of cellular functions, including reproduction. Tetraspanin
proteins identified in extracellular vesicles are now used mostly as markers; mounting evidence
indicates that they also participate in cell targeting, cargo selection, and extracellular vesicle formation.
Their significance and potential in mammalian reproduction are currently being studied extensively.
Despite the fact that the current data did not establish any theory, the crucial function of tetraspanins in
the fertilization process was not ruled out, and the specific role of tetraspanins is still unknown. In this
review, we bring insight into the existing knowledge regarding the expression of tetraspanins in spermatozoa
and seminal fluid and their role in gamete binding and fusion.
Lycopene as a Potential Bioactive Compound: Chemistry, Extraction, and
Anticancer Prospective
Authors: Khalaf Reema Abu , Awad Maha
Published: January 2023

Lycopene, a potential bioactive agent, is a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid recognized as a
potent antioxidant. It is extracted from plants like tomatoes, watermelons, red carrots and papayas and
has remarkable health benefits. A significant amount of research has been assisted to date to establish
the anticancer activity of lycopene. Our review enhances information about the promising anticancer
potential of this compound. The biological activity of lycopene has been described in several studies in
regard to pancreatic, breast, prostate, liver, gastric, ovarian, kidney, skin, intestine, brain and spinal
cord cancers. Lycopene resists cancer by inhibition of apoptosis, induction of cell proliferation, cell
invasion, cell cycle development, metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of anticancer action of
lycopene are attributed to the management of certain signal transduction pathways, such as modulation
of insulin-like growth factors system, PI3K/Akt pathway, modification of important gene expression,
inhibit the activity of sex steroid hormones, and the conversation of mitochondrial behavior. Hence,
this review focuses on current knowledge of sources, extraction techniques, and chemistry of lycopene,
as well as the prospective mechanisms of action related with its anticancer activity. Also, it summarizes
the background information about lycopene and the most current research with consideration to its
aspect in treating several types of cancer together with future directions.
Screening, Deconvolution and Parallel Synthesis of Trisubstituted
Piperazine and Trisubstituted 2,3-diketopierazine Libraries for the Rapid
Identification of Antagonists of the Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor-related
Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORγ)
Authors: Ortiz Maria A. , Piedrafita Francisco J. , Bunnell Ashley , Nefzi Adel
Published: January 2023

Background:

Genetic studies support a key role for RORγ and RORα in the differentiation of
proinflammatory Th17 cells, and a growing body of evidence suggests a pathogenic role for Th17 in several
autoimmune diseases, including MS, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, type I diabetes,
and psoriasis. RORγ antagonists have been shown to suppress Th17 differentiation and delay the
onset of disease in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of MS.

Objective:

Given the high therapeutic interest of RORγ antagonists and the promising activity of currently
known ligands, small molecules with higher potency and receptor selectivity (in particular within the
ROR family) are highly desirable. We used our small molecule compound library to discover, characterize,
and optimize novel RORγ antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases from Mixture-based
Combinatorial Chemical Libraries.

Methods:

We screened the FIU collection of small molecule libraries (>30 million compounds) composed
of 75 molecular scaffolds systematically arranged in positional scanning and scaffold ranking formats.
We identified scaffolds that selectively inhibit the binding of RORγ, RORγ, and RORβ but not RORα,
and others that function as antagonists of all three receptors.

Results:

The deconvolution of selected PS-SCL mixtures led to the identification of novel chemical entities,
trisubstituted piperazine and diketopiperazine that function as RORγ antagonists.

Conclusion:

The screening of a large complex library led to the rapid identification of novel trisubstituted
piperazine and diketopiperazine antagonists of the nuclear retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor
gamma (RORγ).
Tirzepatide: A First-in-class Twincretin for the Management of Type 2
Diabetes
Authors: Jaswal Shalini , Bisht Priya , Patel Rajiv , Parveen Darakhshan , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Verma Sant Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background:

Tirzepatide (LY3298176) was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) on May 13th, 2022. The drug was developed by Eli Lilly and Co. and marketed under the trade
name of ‘Mounjaro’, a first-in-class ‘Twincretin’, which is a dual activator of GIP and GLP-1 receptors,
resulting in improved blood sugar control in type 2 diabetics The review covered the comprehensive insight
on the drug discovery journey of tirzepatide.

Methods:

Using the keywords "Tirzepatide", "Twincretin", "Type 2 Diabetes", "GLP-1", and "GIP," data
were gathered from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.

Results:

The review covers comprehensive insight into the drug discovery journey of tirzepatide. The
drug-target structural specialty has been discussed to establish the dual inhibition mechanism of action of
tirzepatide. The results of in vitro studies, preclinical and clinical trial data, pharmacokinetic profile, dosing
regimen, side effects, and toxicities of tirzepatide are reviewed to account for the potency, efficacy,
and safety of the newly approved drug. The drug molecule may attain a privileged status in the antidiabetic
market as the clinical data showed that it effectively reduces HbA1c level in monotherapy as well
as in add-on therapy, compared to placebo, semaglutide, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine, and found
effective in type 2 diabetes associated conditions like atherogenic dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Conclusion:

Tirzepatide is a clinically efficient drug, exhibiting a good safety profile as evident from the
existing clinical data, and could be a new alternative to the currently available antidiabetics for the treatment
of T2D.
Clinical Measures of Dual Task Gait Evaluation in Individuals with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus - A Mini-review
Authors: Sunny Sumam , Dave Dhruv
Published: January 2023

Background:

Cognitive and motor deficits intertwined with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) alter walking patterns of the individuals. As walking is combined with various challenging
cognitive tasks in daily activities, dual task testing is a promising avenue for gait evaluation
and fall prediction in various conditions. However, there is a lack of clarity on the appropriate clinical
measures for dual task gait evaluation in T2DM individuals.

Objective:

The present study aims to review and identify the appropriate clinical measures for dual
task gait evaluation in T2DM.

Methods:

Electronic databases of PubMed, CINAHLPlus and scholarly platforms were searched to
identify the relevant articles. Review has included studies which have subjects with T2DM, dual
task testing as a part of evaluation, has used clinical measures to assess dual task gait and was
available in English.

Results:

16 articles met the inclusión criteria. Four studies used cognitive timed up and go test
(TUG), four studies used walking while talking test; one study used extended TUG; one study used
walking and remembering test;one study used instrumented TUG along with manual TUG and
arithmetic subtractions; two studies used inertial sensors for gait evaluation along with backword
counting; one study used two dimensional video analysis for gait along with verbal fluency task
and calculation; one study used TUG with arithmetic additions task; one study used Manual TUG
and arithmetic subtraction task while walking on GAITRITE walkway.

Conclusion:

The studies show a lack of valid and reliable clinical measures for dual task gait evaluation
in T2DM.
Using Multi-model Diffusion Weighted Imaging to Study Acute Kidney
Injury in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Li Xinghui , Liang Qi , Ouchi Erika , Bautista Matthew , Hu Jiani , Zhang XiaoMing
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To explore the diagnostic value and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) in
patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM), diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI), and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).

Methods:

224 AP patients, categorized into either the AKI group or the non-AKI group, were retrospectively
analyzed in this study. MRI sequences included routine abdominal, IVIM, DTI, and DKI
scans, and the main MRI parameters of kidney imaging and clinical characteristics were measured. The
diagnostic performance of AKI was compared, and the relationships among these indices, glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR), and AKI staging were analyzed. Finally, all parameters were analyzed by single
and multi-parameter regression.

Results:

Compared with the non-AKI group, the fast apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and
perfusion fraction (Ff ADC) value of the renal medulla in the AKI group were significantly lower than
those in the non-AKI group. The fractional anisotropy (FA) value in the renal cortex was significantly
lower than that in the medulla and significantly lower than in the non-AKI group. Lastly, the renal
medulla mean kurtosis (MK) value was also significantly lower in the AKI group compared to the non-
AKI group and exhibited the best diagnostic value for AKI in AP patients. The renal medulla MK value
positively correlated with AKI staging and negatively correlated with eGFR. The MK value was an
independent risk factor for AKI, as evidenced by multi-parameter logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:

The measurement of renal DKI parameters is practical for diagnosing and predicting the
severity of acute kidney injury in AP patients.
Deep Learning Based on Enhanced MRI T1 Imaging to Differentiate
Small-cell and Non-small-cell Primary Lung Cancers in Patients with
Brain Metastases
Authors: Sui Lianyu , Chang Shilong , Xue LinYan , Wang Jianing , Zhang Yu , Yang Kun , Gao Bu-Lang , Yin Xiaoping
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

To differentiate the primary small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) for patients with brain metastases (BMs) based on a deep learning (DL) model
using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 weighted (T1CE) images.

Methods:

Out of 711 patients with BMs of lung cancer origin (SCLC 232, NSCLC 479), the MRI datasets
of 192 patients (lesions’ widths and heights > 30 pixels) with BMs from lung cancer (73 SCLC
and 119 NSCLC) confirmed pathologically were enrolled, retrospectively. A typical convolutional
neural network ResNet18 was applied for the automatic classification of BMs lesions from lung cancer
based on T1CE images, with training and testing groups randomized per patient to eliminate learning
bias. A 5-fold cross-validation was performed to evaluate the classification of the model. The receiver
operating characteristic (ROC) curve, accuracy, precision, recall and f1 score were calculated.

Results:

For a 5-fold cross-validation test, the DL model achieved AUCs of 0.8019 and 0.8024 for
SCLC and NSCLC patients with BMs, respectively, and a mean overall accuracy of 0.7515±0.04. The
DL model performed well in differentiating the primary SCLC and NSCLC with BMs.

Conclusion:

The proposed DL model is feasible and effective in differentiating the pathological subtypes
of SCLC and NSCLC causing BMs, which may be used as a new tool for oncologists to diagnose
noninvasively BMs and guide therapy based on the imaging structure of tumors.
BBOX1-AS1 Activates Hedgehog Signaling Pathway to Facilitate the Proliferation
and Stemness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via
miR-506-5p/EIF5A/PTCH1 Axis
Authors: Hu Liya , Cao Hong , Zheng Lijun , Li Ruichao
Published: January 2023

Aims and Objective:

This study aimed to unveil the specific function of lncRNA BBOX1
antisense RNA 1 (BBOX1-AS1) in ESCC cells and the underlying regulatory mechanism.

Background:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease. Molecular mechanisms
essential to ESCC development and progression require in-depth investigation. Long noncoding
RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested as crucial effectors in modulating tumor growth

Methods:

RT-qPCR and western blot examined the expression of genes and proteins of concern, respectively.
Colony formation and EdU assays assessed the changes in cell proliferation. Sphere formation
assay also detected the stemness of ESCC cells. Bioinformatics prediction, along with mechanistic
assays (FISH, Subcellular fractionation, RNA pull-down, RIP, and luciferase reporter), was
conducted to explore the gene interactions and regulatory relationship.

Results:

BBOX1-AS1 was observed to be aberrantly up-regulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines.
BBOX1-AS1 depletion exerted suppressive impacts on ESCC cell proliferation and stemness, while
BBOX1-AS1 overexpression led to the opposite consequences. Moreover, BBOX1-AS1 was verified
to activate Hedgehog signaling pathway via up-regulating PTCH1, and BBOX1-AS1 could
sponge miR-506-5p to up-regulate EIF5A, thus stabilizing PTCH1 mRNA. Rescue experiments indicated
that BBOX1-AS1 could affect ESCC cell proliferation and stemness via modulation on
PTCH1.

Conclusion:

To conclude, BBOX1-AS1 activates Hedgehog signaling pathway to facilitate the proliferation
and stemness of ESCC cells via miR-506-5p/EIF5A/PTCH1 axis.
Optimization of Residential Electricity Consumption based on Multienergy
Coordinated Control of Generation, Load, and Storage
Authors: Tao Jun , A. Minfu , Yang Zaixin , Xiang Sheng
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The power system is translating to the “generation, network, load, and
storage multiple coordination control” model, which helps to increase the proportion of renewable
energy consumption and reduce the operation cost.

Materiala and Methods:

The residential electrical system is an important component in the power
system, which includes distributed photovoltaic systems, flexible loads, electric vehicles, and battery
storage systems, which have the potential to realize multiple coordination control and minimize
the net cost of the electricity consumption in a residential electrical system by the coordinated cooperation
of generation, flexible loads, and the battery storage system. The comfort level of the residents
is also maintained during control. Therefore, a nonlinear economic model is introduced to represent
coordinated cooperation of generation, flexible loads, and the battery storage system, and a
nonlinear economic predictive controller is proposed to solve the problems of this model.

Results:

Based on the forecasted generation/load for a tumbling prediction window, the impact of
different control trajectories is estimated, then the minimum cost trajectory for flexible loads and
battery is selected, and only the first control action is implemented. Then, the prediction window is
moved to the next time interval, and the same process is repeated. The case study shows that the
proposed method reduces about 24.36% of the net cost of the residential electrical system.

Conclusion:

Meanwhile, the hot-water temperature and indoor temperature of the household are
maintained without affecting the end-user comfort, and the state-of-charge (SOC) for the electric
vehicle and the battery system is always kept under constraints without affecting usage. The proposed
method has a good performance for the coordinated cooperation of generation, flexible loads,
and battery storage system in the residential electrical system. The proposed method also increases
the consumption of PV, with the implementation in more residential buildings that will benefit in
achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 in China.
Anticancer Phytochemicals from the Himalayas: Underlying Mechanisms and Chemopreventive Significance in Cancer
Authors: Bhatia Anjana , Arora Saroj , Singh Bikram , Nagpal Avinash
Published: January 2023

High-altitude plants have traditionally been a rich source of preventive and curative medicinal compounds. The rich repository of herbs found in the Himalayan region has not only been a source of health and general well-being for local communities but also for the modern pharmaceutical industry. In the current scenario, medicinal plants from the Himalayas are a promising resource for numerous metabolites which can serve as lead molecules against various deadly diseases. Plants growing at high altitudes suffer from an onslaught of stressful conditions, including mutagenic radiations, high-velocity winds, dehydration, etc. Plants of this region usually cope with these by altering their biochemical profile and producing chemicals that are called secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites belong to chemical classes like phenols, terpenes, and alkaloids in general. The primary objective of this chapter is to study the anticancer potential of phytochemicals from some high-altitude plants. The underlying mechanism of their anticancer and chemopreventive action will also be discussed.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Daun Gedi hijau (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) Dengan Metode DPPH (1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil)
Authors:   Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Trijuliamos Manalu Rosario , Herdini Herdini ,   Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Danya Fiki ,   Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional
Published: February 2023

Daun gedi hijau memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan, seperti halnya dengan daun gedi merah yang secara tradisional banyak digunakan sebagai pengobatan dan dibuktikan dengan penelitian memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun gedi hijau dengan metode DPPH. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah serbuk kering daun gedi hijau yang diperoleh dari BALITTRO (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat) Kecamatan Bogor Tengah Kota Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan secara maserasi dengan etanol 96%, kemudian dievaporasi menjadi ekstrak kental dengan hasil rendemen sebesar 11,14%, selanjutnya difraksinasi cair-cair berturut-turut dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan air. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil) dengan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol awal, fraksi etil asetat dan fraksi air tergolong efektif, sedangkan fraksi n-heksan tergolong tidak efektif. Fraksi etil asetat menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi dengan nilai IC50 233 bpj.
Systematic Literature Review: Metode Preparasi dan Rasio Komponen Chitosan dalam Microneedle Patch untuk Transdermal Delivery System
Authors:   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran,Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Widyastuti Ajeng , Eka Puspita Oktavia ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran,Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Sobah Nurus ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Kedokteran,Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2023

Sistem penghantaran obat transdermal merupakan sistem penghantaran obat yang potensial untuk pemberian obat lokal dan sistemik. Namun, masih ada beberapa keterbatasan dalam system ini, terutama terkait dengan kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi obat melalui kulit. Oleh karena itu, mekanisme penghantaran obat baru berdasarkan microneedle telah dikembangkan. Microneedles dianggap sebagai jawaban atas masalah metode sebelumnya, yaitu banyaknya obat yang tidak dapat menembus kulit untuk mencapai efek terapeutik. Dissolving microneedle, terutama kitosan, dipilih sebagai bahan penyusun karena memiliki karakteristik biodegradabilitas, biokompatibilitas, tidak beracun, polikationik, dan aktivitas antibakteri. Namun metode dan perbandingan komponen kitosan dalam pembuatan microneedle patch belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode preparasi dan rasio komponen kitosan dalam microneedle patch untuk sistem penghantaran obat transdermal. Penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode review artikel tersturuktur dilakukan pada tiga database digital: Google Scholar, Scopus, dan Crossref. 16 artikel dipilih sebagai sampel setelah proses seleksi dan critical appraisal dilakukan. Hasil sintesis dari 16 artikel akhir terpilih didapatkan bahwa micromolding menggunakan polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) merupakan metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk fabrikasi microneedle kitosan karena memungkinkan replikasi microneedle yang tepat dan akurat sesuai dengan spesifikasi tinggi dan diameter yang diinginkan serta memungkinkan produksi secara massal. Rasio komponen kitosan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah larutan kitosan 2% (b/v) dimana serbuk kitosan dilarutkan dalam larutan asam asetat 1% (v/v). Microneedle kitosan 2% memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang lebih rendah dibandingkan konsentrasi lainnya. Namun dengan kekuatan mekanik yang lebih rendah, microneedle kitosan 2% tetap dapat disisipkan ke dalam kulit. Kesimpulannya microneedles dapat dibuat dari kitosan umumnya dengan teknik micromolding menggunakan PDMS dengan kitosan 2%. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, disarankan bagi penelitian lebih lanjut perlu ditambahkan jumlah sampel dan lama waktu penelitian serta menghubungkan efek sifat zat aktif dan komponen yang terkait metode preparasi terhadap karakteristik microneedle kitosan.
Mapeo científico de la cadena de suministro y aplicación tecnológica en la industria automotriz
Authors: Guerrero Molina Maria Isabel , Ramírez Sánchez Yuliana Marcela
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The automotive industry implements and develops sustainability strategies to contribute to the environment in reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse effect, which focus on improving the supply chain, and thus increase profitability, establish the ratio of risks in the operation and reduce costs. Objective: to carry out a scientific mapping of the supply chain and the application of technology in the automotive industry from 2010 to 2022. Methodology: information was collected through the Scopus database, and with the bibliometric tool Rstudio, records related to the number of publications, authors, journals, related institutions and countries on the chosen topic were analyzed. Results: Network analysis and co-citation analysis among authors are presented, and the focus, use and structure of the automotive sector are established and research areas are identified to identify future trends. Conclusions: three clusters are presented corresponding to knowledge, innovation and relationship strategies, risk management and control, and challenges in the adoption of information technologies and a line for future research.
Nationalism and sport. A review of the literature
Authors: Brentin Dario , Cooley Laurence
Published: February 2023

Over the last thirty years, theclaim that sport matters has been widely accepted in social science scholarship. It is considered as a constitutive element of everyday life and popular culture, within a particular historical and social setting. This setting can be a nationalist one: there is agreement in nationalism and identity scholarship that sport constitutes a major ritual of popular culture contributing to the theoretical concept of the nation as an imagined community. Hence, it is an important topic in the State of Nationalism series.
Do education and religiosity affect redistribution preferences?
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa , Sugiyanto Catur , Susamto Akhmad Akbar
Published: January 2023

Redistribution preference refers to an individual's tendency or priority in dealing with redistribution problems. This study aims to examine the effects of education and religiosity on redistribution preferences. The novelty in this study is an estimation strategy that includes the influence of education and parental education. The data utilized WVS Wave 7 data. The data analysis used probit regression analysis with a sample of 66,468 respondents. The research results show that the higher the education is, the greater possibility of individual to agree with inequality income will be. Individuals who graduated from elementary and junior high schools tend to agree with equal income, while individuals who graduated from high school and college tend to agree with unequal income. The higher the mother's education is, the greater possibility of individuals to agree with equal income will be. The higher the father's education is, the greater possibility of individuals to agree with unequal income will be. Religiosity has a different influence on redistribution preferences. The obedience variable has a positive influence, while the variable of belief in places of worship and frequency of worship tend to have a negative influence.
Estimating the ability of pre-service and in-service Teacher Profession Education (TPE) participants using Item Response Theory
Authors: Otaya Lian Gafar , Kartowagiran Badrun , Retnawati Heri , Mustakim Siti Salina
Published: February 2023

This research generally aimed to describe the characteristic of the ability of Pre-service and In-service TPE participants using the Item Response Theory, IRT. The research subject comprised 516 participants divided into 239 participants of the Pre-service TPE program and 277 participants of the In-service TPE program using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through the technique of observation and documentation. In estimating the item parameter and ability parameter, the IRT model polytomous was implemented, which was furthermore described. This finding shows that the assessor could directly recognize the position of the ability of students in the TPE program based on the item characteristic and the ability between the highest and the lowest grade in the ability scale, so this finding did not only support the implementation of TPE program in Indonesia, but also its applicability was expected to revise the assessment of teachers’ performance, the supervision of teachers, field teaching practice, and the assessment in the other teaching fields, so it could be used as an evaluation in revising the assessment model.
Design and Implementation of the Surveys of Women: Protocol for an Address-Based Sampling Multimodal Study
Authors: Poland Stephanie , Stern Michael , English Ned , Pedlow Steven , Archambeau Katherine , Carris Kari
Published: January 2023

Background

Studies conducted in the United States such as the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) collect data on pregnancy intentions to aid in improving health education, services, and programs. PRAMS collects data from specific sites, and NSFG is a national household-based survey. Like NSFG, the Surveys of Women was designed to survey participants residing in households using an address-based sample and a multimode data collection approach. The Surveys of Women collects data from eligible participants in 9 states within the United States on contraception use, reproductive health, and pregnancy intentions. In this paper, we focus on the baseline data collection protocol, including sample design, data collection procedures, and data processing. We also include a brief discussion on the follow-up and endline survey methodologies. Our goal is to inform other researchers on methods to consider when fielding a household-level reproductive health survey.

Objective

The Surveys of Women was developed to support state-specific research and evaluation projects, with an overall goal of understanding contraceptive health practices among women aged 18-44 years. The project collects data from respondents in 9 different states (Arizona, Alabama, Delaware, Iowa, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, South Carolina, and Wisconsin) over multiple rounds.

Methods

Households were selected at random using address-based sampling methods. This project includes a cross-sectional baseline survey, 2 or 3 follow-up surveys with an opt-in panel of respondents, and a cross-sectional endline survey. Each round of data collection uses a multimode design through the use of a programmed web survey and a formatted hard copy questionnaire. Participants from the randomly selected households access their personalized surveys through a web survey or mail in a hard copy questionnaire. To maximize responses, these surveys follow a rigorous schedule of various prompts bolstering the survey implementation design, and the participants received a modest monetary incentive.

Results

This is an ongoing project with results published separately by the evaluation teams involved with data analysis.

Conclusions

The methods used in the first baseline survey informed modifications to the methods used in subsequent statewide surveys. Data collected from this project will provide insight into women’s reproductive health, contraceptive use, and abortion attitudes in the 9 selected states. The long-term goal of the project is to use a data collection methodology that collects data from a representative sample of participants to assess changes in reproductive health behaviors over time.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/40675
Communicating Health Literacy on Prescription Medications on Social Media: In-depth Interviews With “Patient Influencers”
Authors: Willis Erin , Friedel Kate , Heisten Mark , Pickett Melissa , Bhowmick Amrita
Published: January 2023

Background

Historically, pharmaceutical companies have struggled with trust and brand reputation among key stakeholders and have adopted innovative marketing strategies to reach patients directly and rebuild those relationships. Social media influencers are a popular strategy to influence younger demographics, including Generation Z and millennials. It is common for social media influencers to work in paid partnerships with brands; this is a multibillion-dollar industry. Long have patients been active in online health communities and social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram, but in recent years, pharmaceutical marketers have noticed the power of patient persuasion and begun to leverage “patient influencers” in brand campaigns.

Objective

This study aimed to explore how patient influencers communicate health literacy on pharmaceutical medications on social media to their communities of followers.

Methods

A total of 26 in-depth interviews were conducted with patient influencers using a snowball sampling technique. This study is part of a larger project using an interview guide that included a range of topics such as social media practices, logistics of being an influencer, considerations for brand partnerships, and views on the ethical nature of patient influencers. The constructs of the Health Belief Model were used in this study’s data analysis: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. This study was approved by the institutional review board of the University of Colorado and adhered to ethical standards in interview practice.

Results

As patient influencers are a new phenomenon, it was our goal to identify how health literacy on prescription medications and pharmaceuticals is being communicated on social media. Using the constructs of the Health Belief Model to guide the analysis, 3 themes were identified: understanding disease through experience, staying informed on the science or field, and suggesting that physicians know best.

Conclusions

Patients are actively exchanging health information on social media channels and connecting with other patients who share similar diagnoses. Patient influencers share their knowledge and experience in efforts to help other patients learn about disease self-management and improve their quality of life. Similar to traditional direct-to-consumer advertising, the phenomenon of patient influencers raises ethical questions that need more investigation. In a way, patient influencers are health education agents who may also share prescription medication or pharmaceutical information. They can break down complex health information based on expertise and experience and mitigate the loneliness and isolation that other patients may feel without the support of a community.
The Use of Open-Source Online Course Content for Training in Public Health Emergencies: Mixed Methods Case Study of a COVID-19 Course Series for Health Professionals
Authors: Skinner Nadine Ann , Job Nophiwe , Krause Julie , Frankel Ariel , Ward Victoria , Johnston Jamie Sewan
Published: January 2023

Background

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic generated an urgent need for credible and actionable information to guide public health responses. The massive open-source online course (MOOC) format may be a valuable path for disseminating timely and widely accessible training for health professionals during public health crises; however, the reach and effectiveness of health worker–directed online courses during the pandemic remain largely unexplored.

Objective

This study investigated the use of an open-source online course series designed to provide critical COVID-19 knowledge to frontline health workers and public health professionals globally. The study investigated how open-source online educational content can be optimized to support knowledge sharing among health professionals in public health emergencies, particularly in resource-limited contexts.

Methods

The study examined global course enrollment patterns (N=2185) and performed in-depth interviews with a purposive subsample of health professionals enrolled in the course series (N=12) to investigate the sharing of online content in pandemic responses. Interviewed learners were from Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Rwanda, Thailand, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States. Inductive analysis and constant comparative methods were used to systematically code data and identify key themes emerging from interview data.

Results

The analysis revealed that the online course content helped fill a critical gap in trustworthy COVID-19 information for pandemic responses and was shared through health worker professional and personal networks. Enrollment patterns and qualitative data illustrate how health professionals shared information within their professional networks. While learners shared the knowledge they gained from the course, they expressed a need for contextualized information to more effectively educate others in their networks and in their communities. Due to technological and logistical barriers, participants did not attempt to adapt the content to share with others.

Conclusions

This study illustrates that health professional networks can facilitate the sharing of online open-source health education content; however, to fully leverage potential benefits, additional support is required to facilitate the adaptation of course content to more effectively reach communities globally.
Willingness to Use Mobile Health Devices in the Post–COVID-19 Era: Nationwide Cross-sectional Study in China
Authors: Wang Xue , Wu Yibo , Meng Zhiyu , Li Jiayuan , Xu Li , Sun Xinying , Zang Shuang
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite the increased development and use of mobile health (mHealth) devices during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is little knowledge of willingness of the Chinese people to use mHealth devices and the key factors associated with their use in the post–COVID-19 era. Therefore, a more comprehensive and multiangle investigation is required.

Objective

We aimed to probe Chinese attitudes regarding the use of mHealth and analyze possible associations between the attitude of willingness to use mHealth devices and some factors based on the socioecological model.

Methods

A survey was conducted using quota sampling to recruit participants from 148 cities in China between June 20 and August 31, 2022. Data from the survey were analyzed using multiple stepwise regression to examine the factors associated with willingness to use mHealth devices. Standardized regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were calculated using multiple stepwise regression.

Results

The survey contained a collection of 21,916 questionnaires and 21,897 were valid questionnaires, with a 99.91% effective response rate. The median score of willingness to use mHealth in the post–COVID-19 era was 70 points on a scale from 0 to 100. Multiple stepwise regression results showed that the female gender (β=.03, 95% CI 1.04-2.35), openness personality trait (β=.05, 95% CI 0.53-0.96), higher household per capita monthly income (β=.03, 95% CI 0.77-2.24), and commercial and multiple insurance (β=.04, 95% CI 1.77-3.47) were factors associated with the willingness to use mHealth devices. In addition, people with high scores of health literacy (β=.13, 95% CI 0.53-0.68), self-reported health rating (β=.22, 95% CI 0.24-0.27), social support (β=.08, 95% CI 0.40-0.61), family health (β=.03, 95% CI 0.03-0.16), neighbor relations (β=.12, 95% CI 2.09-2.63), and family social status (β=.07, 95% CI 1.19-1.69) were more likely to use mHealth devices.

Conclusions

On the basis of the theoretical framework of socioecological model, this study identified factors specifically associated with willingness of the Chinese people to use mHealth devices in the post–COVID-19 era. These findings provide reference information for the research, development, promotion, and application of future mHealth devices.
The financial burden of facial cellulitis: an exploratory study of associated factors (Preprint)
Authors: Diaz Michael Joseph , Tran Jasmine Thuy , Tran Andrew Xuan Vinh
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A - Research Letter