bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil microbiota and herbivory drive the assembly of tomato plant-associated microbial communities through different mechanisms
Authors: Malacrinò Antonino , Bennett Alison E.
Published: May 2024

Plant-associated microbial communities are key to shaping many aspects of plant biology. In this study, we tested whether soil microbial communities and herbivory influence the bacterial community of tomato plants and whether their influence in different plant compartments is driven by microbial spillover between compartments or whether plants are involved in mediating this effect. We grew our plants in soils hosting three different microbial communities and covered (or not) the soil surface to prevent (or allow) passive microbial spillover between compartments, and we exposed them (or not) to herbivory by Manduca sexta. Here we show that the soil-driven effect on aboveground compartments is consistently detected regardless of soil coverage, whereas soil cover influences the herbivore-driven effect on belowground microbiota. Together, our results suggest that the soil microbiota influences aboveground plant and insect microbial communities via changes in plant metabolism and physiology or by sharing microorganisms via xylem sap. In contrast, herbivores influence the belowground plant microbiota via a combination of microbial spillover and changes in plant metabolism. These results demonstrate the important role of plants in linking aboveground and belowground microbiota, and can foster further research on soil microbiota manipulation for sustainable pest management.
Structural annotation of unknown molecules in a miniaturized mass spectrometer based on a transformer enabled fragment tree method
Authors: Yang Yiming , Sun Shuang , Yang Shuyuan , Yang Qin , Lu Xinqiong , Wang Xiaohao , Yu Quan , Huo Xinming , Qian Xiang
Published: May 2024

Structural annotation of small molecules in tandem mass spectrometry has always been a central challenge in mass spectrometry analysis, especially using a miniaturized mass spectrometer for on-site testing. Here, we propose the Transformer enabled Fragment Tree (TeFT) method, which combines various types of fragmentation tree models and a deep learning Transformer module. It is aimed to generate the specific structure of molecules de novo solely from mass spectrometry spectra. The evaluation results on different open-source databases indicated that the proposed model achieved remarkable results in that the majority of molecular structures of compounds in the test can be successfully recognized. Also, the TeFT has been validated on a miniaturized mass spectrometer with low-resolution spectra for 16 flavonoid alcohols, achieving complete structure prediction for 8 substances. Finally, TeFT confirmed the structure of the compound contained in a Chinese medicine substance called the Anweiyang capsule. These results indicate that the TeFT method is suitable for annotating fragmentation peaks with clear fragmentation rules, particularly when applied to on-site mass spectrometry with lower mass resolution.
Dual-comb spectroscopy of ammonia formation in non-thermal plasmas
Authors: Sadiek Ibrahim , Fleisher Adam J. , Hayden Jakob , Huang Xinyi , Hugi Andreas , Engeln Richard , Lang Norbert , van Helden Jean-Pierre H.
Published: May 2024

Plasma-activated chemical transformations promise the efficient synthesis of salient chemical products. However, the reaction pathways that lead to desirable products are often unknown, and key quantum-state-resolved information regarding the involved molecular species is lacking. Here we use quantum cascade laser dual-comb spectroscopy (QCL-DCS) to probe plasma-activated NH3 generation with rotational and vibrational state resolution, quantifying state-specific number densities via broadband spectral analysis. The measurements reveal unique translational, rotational and vibrational temperatures for NH3 products, indicative of a highly reactive, non-thermal environment. Ultimately, we postulate on the energy transfer mechanisms that explain trends in temperatures and number densities observed for NH3 generated in low-pressure nitrogen-hydrogen (N2–H2) plasmas.
Multi-purpose RNA language modelling with motif-aware pretraining and type-guided fine-tuning
Authors: Wang Ning , Bian Jiang , Li Yuchen , Li Xuhong , Mumtaz Shahid , Kong Linghe , Xiong Haoyi
Published: May 2024

Pretrained language models have shown promise in analysing nucleotide sequences, yet a versatile model excelling across diverse tasks with a single pretrained weight set remains elusive. Here we introduce RNAErnie, an RNA-focused pretrained model built upon the transformer architecture, employing two simple yet effective strategies. First, RNAErnie enhances pretraining by incorporating RNA motifs as biological priors and introducing motif-level random masking in addition to masked language modelling at base/subsequence levels. It also tokenizes RNA types (for example, miRNA, lnRNA) as stop words, appending them to sequences during pretraining. Second, subject to out-of-distribution tasks with RNA sequences not seen during the pretraining phase, RNAErnie proposes a type-guided fine-tuning strategy that first predicts possible RNA types using an RNA sequence and then appends the predicted type to the tail of sequence to refine feature embedding in a post hoc way. Our extensive evaluation across seven datasets and five tasks demonstrates the superiority of RNAErnie in both supervised and unsupervised learning. It surpasses baselines with up to 1.8% higher accuracy in classification, 2.2% greater accuracy in interaction prediction and 3.3% improved F1 score in structure prediction, showcasing its robustness and adaptability with a unified pretrained foundation.
Intermediate-depth seismicity and intraslab stress changes due to outer-rise faulting
Authors: Malatesta Cristina , Gerya Taras , Pittaluga Simone , Cabiddu Daniela
Published: May 2024

Intermediate-depth seismicity is common in subducting slabs and the seismicity rate shows some statistically significant yet enigmatic global positive correlation with the maximal throw of outer-rise normal faults. Here, we have simulated the formation and subduction of outer-rise faults, using 2D thermomechanical numerical models of intra-oceanic subduction with coupled brittle-ductile damage of bending plates. We observed that outer-rise faults are formed episodically during slab segmentation and their maximal throw grows with time. When been subducted to intermediate depth, these faults are locally reactivated either by i) slab unbending/bending, simultaneous to the formation of new outer-rise faults or ii) episodic interplate coupling related to the rugged morphology of the faulted downgoing plate. Faults reactivation is concurrent with a local, transient deviatoric stress increase in intraslab domains among these structures. We suggest that slab domains affected by stress increase could be the appropriate location where potential brittle deformation can occur, generating intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes, that are predominantly localized in heterogeneous regions of dense faulting formed within slab-segments boundaries. The temporal coincidence of stress growth at intermediate depths and throw-growth of, newly-formed, outer-rise faults at the surface may possibly explain the observed global positive correlation of intermediate-depth seismicity rate with maximal fault throw.
Accounting for NOx emissions from biomass burning and urbanization doubles existing inventories over South, Southeast and East Asia
Authors: Liu Jian , Cohen Jason Blake , He Qin , Tiwari Pravash , Qin Kai
Published: May 2024

Rapid urbanization and broad use of biomass burning have led to important changes in NOx [sum of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous oxide] emissions across South, Southeast, and East Asia, frequently occurring on day-to-day time scales and over areas not identified by existing emissions databases. Here we compute NOx emissions using remotely sensed NO2 [nitrogen dioxide] and a model-free mass-conserving inverse method, resulting respectively in 61 kt d−1 and 40 kt d−1 from biomass burning in Northern and Southern Continental Southeast Asia, and 14.3 kt d−1 and 3.7 kt d−1 from urbanization in China and Eastern South Asia, a net increase more than double existing inventories. Three observationally based physical constraints consistent with theory are found which current chemical transport models cannot match: more NO2 per unit of NOx emissions, longer and more variable in-situ lifetime, and longer-range transport. This result provides quantitative support for mitigation efforts targeting specific events, processes, or geographies.
Vibrational and electronic spectra of protonated vanillin: exploring protonation sites and isomerisation
Authors: Gutiérrez-Quintanilla Alejandro , Moge Baptiste , Compagnon Isabelle , Noble Jennifer A.
Published: May 2024

Photofragmentation spectra of protonated vanillin were recorded in the 3000–3700 cm−1 and 225–460 nm ranges, using room temperature infrared multiphoton dissociation and cryogenic ultraviolet photodissociation spectroscopies, respectively.
Multimodal optoacoustic imaging: methods and contrast materials
Authors: Chen Zhenyue , Gezginer Irmak , Zhou Quanyu , Tang Lin , Deán-Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel
Published: May 2024

Combining optoacoustics with other imaging techniques helps bring its powerful label-free functional readings and molecular sensitivity into precise anatomical context while providing an essential cross-validation against established imaging methods.
The egg-counter: a novel microfluidic platform for characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans egg-laying
Authors: Banse Stephen A. , Jarrett Cody M. , Robinson Kristin J. , Blue Benjamin W. , Shaw Emily L. , Phillips Patrick C.
Published: May 2024

The Egg-Counter is a microfluidic research platform for model nematodes that facilitates high precision tracking of reproduction, a fundamental process that shapes the demography of every living organism.
Integration of conductive MOF and MXene for high-performance supercapacitor
Authors: Zhu Rongmei , Gu Yijing , Liu Limei , Lu Jiadan , Pang Huan
Published: May 2024

The integration of MXene with conductive MOF results in a considerable improvement in electrochemical energy storage.
Dynamic 3D in vitro lung models: applications of inorganic nanoparticles for model development and characterization
Authors: Fallert Laura , Urigoitia-Asua Ane , Cipitria Amaia , Jimenez de Aberasturi Dorleta
Published: May 2024

In this review, the authors elaborate on the most recent advances of lung in vitro models and inform on the potential of nanoparticles as a means to create dynamic models as well as nanoparticle-based characterization strategies.
Osmotic energy conversion with low impedance using an ultrasmall MoS2 nanosheet composite membrane
Authors: Su Yuyu , Han Qi , Yang Guoliang , Liu Dan , Lei Weiwei
Published: May 2024

A MoS2 membrane composited with cellulose nanocrystals was investigated for osmotic energy conversion. Ultrasmall MoS2 nanosheets shorten the ion transport path and decrease the impedance of the membrane. This membrane can provide a power density of 2.3 W m−2 with a resistance of 48 kΩ.
Correction: A compact and high-performance setup of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D)
Authors: Li Lin , Song Yun-Peng , Ren Dou-Dou , Li Tang-Xiu , Gao Ming-Hui , Zhou Lei , Zeng Zhi-Cong , Pu Qiaosheng
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘A compact and high-performance setup of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D)’ by Lin Li et al., Analyst, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4an00354c.
Thermo-temporal physisorption in metal–organic frameworks probed by cyclic thermo-ellipsometry
Authors: Amyar Hajar , Avci Civan , Boissière Cédric , Cattoni Andrea , Besbes Mondher , Faustini Marco
Published: May 2024

Cyclic thermo-ellipsometry enables exploration of the effects of temperature variation rates on vapor physisorption in MOFs, a key insight for many adsorption-driven applications.
Cell viability imaging in tumor spheroids via DNA binding of a ruthenium(ii) light-switch complex
Authors: Ramu Vadde , Wijaya Lukas S. , Beztsinna Nataliia , Van de Griend Corjan , van de Water Bob , Bonnet Sylvestre , Le Dévédec Sylvia E.
Published: May 2024

The light-switch complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ was reported as a cellular imaging probe in 2D cells and 3D tumor spheroids of various cell lines. This light-switch displaced the classical DNA staining dye Hoechst in the 2D cells and 3D tumor spheroids.
Guest-responsive coherence time of radical qubits in a metal–organic framework
Authors: Inoue Miku , Yamauchi Akio , Parmar Bhavesh , Orihashi Kana , Singh Manpreet , Asada Mizue , Nakamura Toshikazu , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: May 2024

Radicals generated in a 5,12-diazatetracene (DAT)-based metal–organic framework exhibit a long coherence time (T2), and this T2 shows a response to the introduction of several guest molecules.
An Au bipyramids@CuZn MOF core–shell nanozyme enables universal SERS and a colorimetric dual-model bioassay
Authors: Wang Mengdi , Shi Feng , Li Jiayin , Min Lingfeng , Yang Zhanjun , Li Juan
Published: May 2024

A novel AuNBPs@CuZn MOF core–shell nanozyme with high peroxidase-like activity and surface enhanced Raman scattering activity has been developed for the SERS and colorimetric dual-model detection of biomolecules.
Hetero Diels–Alder reactions of isolable N-borylenamines
Authors: Liang Pei , Wei Junhui , Wei Yongliang , Wang Xue , Liu Fei , Wang Tongdao
Published: May 2024

A new strategy for highly efficient synthesis of N-borylenamines is described. Additionally, the first hetero Diels–Alder reactions of isolable N-borylenamines with a variety of dienophiles were achieved successfully.
Boosting the enzymatic activity of CxxC motif-containing PDI family members
Authors: Kuramochi Tsubura , Yamashita Yukino , Arai Kenta , Kanemura Shingo , Muraoka Takahiro , Okumura Masaki
Published: May 2024

Compounds harboring high acidity and oxidizability of thiol groups permit tuning the redox equilibrium constants of CxxC sites of the PDI family enzymes and thus can be used to promote oxidative folding and increase the native protein productions by minimal loading as compared to glutathione.
Structure, spectroscopy and LD end-pumped laser performance of an Er,Pr:LuYSGG crystal operated at ∼2.8 μm
Authors: Zhang Huili , Sun Dunlu , Luo Jianqiao , Quan Cong , Qiao Yang , Chen Yuwei , Dong Kunpeng , Wang Zhentao , Li Hongyuan , Cheng Maojie
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate the structure, spectroscopy, and laser performance of an Er3+ and Pr3+ co-doped LuYSGG crystal grown by the Cz method.
Extended free-energy functionals for achiral and chiral ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals: theory and simulation
Authors: Zou Yu , Aya Satoshi
Published: May 2024

An extended framework of free-energy functionals for the emerging polar nematic liquid crystalline phases is essential.
Controllable synthesis of high-entropy alloys
Authors: Liang Jingjing , Cao Guanghui , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei
Published: May 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the controllable synthesis of high-entropy alloys, ranging from the approach and significance of composition, morphology, structure, and surface/interface engineering.
A triazolium-based fluorophore intercalated in layered double hydroxides: from simple syntheses to bright solid-state luminescence
Authors: Zerbib Guillaume , Roux Amélie , Salat Laurène , Cisnetti Federico , Boyer Damien , Chadeyron Geneviève , Leroux Fabrice
Published: May 2024

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials obtained from mesoionic triazolium fluorophores and layered double hydroxides display highly efficient photoluminescence in the solid state.
Enhanced selectivity towards melanoma cells with zinc(ii)-Schiff bases containing imidazole derivatives
Authors: Côrte-Real Leonor , Sergi Baris , Yildirim Busra , Colucas Raquel , Starosta Radosław , Fontrodona Xavier , Romero Isabel , André Vânia , Acilan Ceyda , Correia Isabel
Published: May 2024

New Schiff base Zn(ii)-complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline and imidazole display much higher selectivity towards cancer cells than cisplatin.
Step-wise changes in the excited state lifetime of [Eu(D2O)9]3+ and [Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]− as a function of the number of inner-sphere O–H oscillators
Authors: Kofod Nicolaj , Sørensen Thomas Just
Published: May 2024

We use time-resolved emission spectroscopy to directly observe mono-protonated species of [Eu(D2O)9]3+ and [Eu(DOTA)(D2O)]−. This proves that the sequential OH quenching pathways can be accurately predicted and modelled.
The EFG Rosetta Stone: translating between DFT calculations and solid state NMR experiments
Authors: Valenzuela Reina Javier , Civaia Federico , Harper Angela F. , Scheurer Christoph , Köcher Simone S.
Published: May 2024

7Li EFG reference scale: translation of first principles simulations to experimental quadrupolar couplings in solid state.
Copper-supported catalysts for sustainable PET depolymerization: a cost-effective approach towards dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) production
Authors: Zhang Yitian , Gao Jie , Jiang Chao , Luo Gang , Fan Jiajun , Clark James H. , Zhang Shicheng
Published: May 2024

Preparation of high-value monomers from PET waste plastic.
Catalyst-free decarboxylative deuteration using tailored photoredox-active carboxylic acids
Authors: Liu Shuai , Liao Hongze , Chen Bin , Guo Tengyu , Zhang Zhizhen , Lin Houwen
Published: May 2024

Herein, we introduce a green, catalyst-free method for precise decarboxylative deuteration using tailored photoredox-active acid (PAC) under mild conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal that PAC simultaneously acts as both reactant and catalyst.
Unveiling the future of steel corrosion inhibition: a revolutionary sustainable odyssey with a special emphasis on N+-containing ionic liquids through cutting-edge innovations
Authors: Zamindar Sanjukta , Mandal Sukdeb , Murmu Manilal , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: May 2024

Graphical abstract illustrates how ionic liquids protect metal surface from corrosion, highlights the factors affecting efficacy and associated chemical reactions with and without ionic liquids, highlighting their role in preventing rust formation.
Cell membrane fusion induced by surface modification with cell-penetrating peptide–lipid conjugates that facilitates close contact between distinct membranes
Authors: Sato Yuya , Baba Teruhiko , Uchida Takeyuki , Chung Ung-il , Teramura Yuji
Published: May 2024

Tat peptide-conjugated PEG-lipids (Tat-PEG-lipid) are spontaneously incorporated into the bilayer membrane and facilitate the fusion between liposomes.
Room temperature synthesis of nanocomposite thin films with embedded Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 lead-free double perovskite nanocrystals with long-term water stability, wide range pH tolerance, and high quantum yield
Authors: Bayer Steevanson , Yin Yu Jason Ho , Nagl Stefan
Published: May 2024

Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 nanocrystals encapsulated with polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate are described with high quantum yields, long luminescence lifetimes and water stability.
Single-step pyrolysis of biomass waste-derived activated carbon encapsulated zero-valent nickel NPs for the purification of antibiotic-contaminated water
Authors: Thamer Badr M. , Al-aizari Faiz A. , Abdo Hany S. , El-Newehy Mohamed M. , Al-Enizi Abdullah M.
Published: May 2024

In this study, zero-valent nickel NPs immobilized on biowaste-based activated carbon (ZVNi@AC) were prepared using a single-step pyrolytic reduction/activation method.
Electronic state regulation induced by the strong metal–support interactions boosts the performance of alcohol oxidation reactions
Authors: Wang Yaheng , Yu Fengshou , Guo Peng , You Yang , Feng Zhihao , Zhou Yuzhuo , Zhang Shaobo , Zhang Bo , Zhang Lu-Hua
Published: May 2024

PdAg@NxC with controlled nitrogen content boosts the performance of alcohol oxidation reactions via a strong metal–support interaction.
Modulating the electronic structure of VS2via Ru decoration for an efficient pH-universal electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Tingxia , Zhang Xu , Yu Xiaojiao , Liu Yun , Li Junpeng , Liu Zongbin , Zhao Ningning , Zhang Jian , Niu Jinfen , Feng Qingliang
Published: May 2024

Electron redistribution occurs at the interface of Ru and VS2, optimizing the electronic structure and strengthening the intrinsic activity of VS2.
Calcium alginate elastic capsules for microalgal cultivation
Authors: Tran Du Tuan , Nguyen Nhat-Khuong , Yadav Ajeet Singh , Chuang Ann , Burford Michele , Ooi Chin Hong , Sreejith Kamalalayam Rajan , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: May 2024

Preparation of uniform and high-throughput calcium alginate elastic capsules using inverse gelation technique for efficient cultivation of microalgae.
Complexation-driven ion-exchange polymer inclusion membranes for separation of cobalt and nickel ions from lithium-ion via proton pumping
Authors: Adigun Babafemi , Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Luo Huimin , Dai Sheng
Published: May 2024

Separation of Co2+ and Ni2+ from Li+ using an ion exchange polymer inclusion membrane.
Theoretical insights into H2O adsorption on CuAlO2(112̄0) surfaces: from low to high coverage
Authors: Sun Chunyan , Xiao Shuwei , Jin Chengkai , Ye Runping , Zhang Rongbin , Cheng Lihong , Li Qiang , Feng Gang
Published: May 2024

The role of oxygen vacancies (Ov) in promoting H2O dissociative adsorption is particularly pronounced at low coverage, diminishing as coverage increases.
The interplay of chemical bonding and thermoelectric properties in doped cubic GeTe
Authors: Das Sree Sourav , Sadeghi Safoura Nayeb , Esfarjani Keivan , Zebarjadi Mona
Published: May 2024

Our study elucidates how doping affects transport properties and chemical bonding in GeTe. Weak p–p interactions reduce thermal conductivity by weakening bonds, while favorable s–p interactions boost the power factor.
A nodal flexible-surface three-dimensional carbon network with potential applications as a lithium-ion battery anode material
Authors: Nulakani Naga Venkateswara Rao , Bandyopadhyay Arka , Ali Mohamad Akbar
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a novel three-dimensional carbon network based on cyclooctatetraene (COT), featuring a rare crossbar-like topological nodal flexible-surface and potential applications in Li-ion battery anodes.
Unlocking color-tunable emission of Eu2+-activated phosphors through doping-free exploration of hidden sites
Authors: Hu Dongkai , Rahman Mavlanjan , Liu Shuifu , Shen Lina , Dai Pengpeng , Wen Dawei , Wu Mingmei
Published: May 2024

Reducing atmosphere modification (a doping-free strategy) leads to Eu2+ emission color changes from blue to cyan.
Methods for monitoring urban street litter: a comparison of municipal audits and an app-based citizen science approach
Authors: Watkins Lisa , Bonter David N. , Sullivan Patrick J. , Walter M. Todd
Published: May 2024

Non-traditional methods, including citizen (or participatory) science and professional litter audits can provide high quality data for understanding street litter and associated plastic pollution.
Ongoing legacy contamination from a military radar station in Iceland: a case study
Authors: Gunnarsdottir María J.
Published: May 2024

The Dew line radar station at Heidarfjall in 1958 (https://www.radomes.org/museum/acwgrnland.php).
The energy storage application of core-/yolk–shell structures in sodium batteries
Authors: Maiti Anurupa , Biswal Rasmita , Debnath Soumalya , Bhunia Anup
Published: May 2024

Materials with a core–shell and yolk–shell structure have attracted considerable attention owing to their attractive properties for application in Na batteries and other electrochemical energy storage systems.
miR-486-5p protects against rat ischemic kidney injury and prevents the transition to chronic kidney disease and vascular dysfunction
Authors: Douvris Adrianna , Viñas Jose L. , Gutsol Alexey , Zimpelmann Joseph , Burger Dylan , Burns Kevin D.
Published: May 2024

Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). MicroRNA (miR)-486-5p protects against kidney ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in mice, although its long-term effects on the vasculature and development of CKD are unknown. We studied whether miR-486-5p would prevent the AKI to CKD transition in rat, and affect vascular function. Methods: Adult male rats were subjected to bilateral kidney IR followed by i.v. injection of liposomal-packaged miR-486-5p (0.5 mg/kg). Kidney function and histologic injury were assessed after 24 h and 10 weeks. Kidney endothelial protein levels were measured by immunoblot and immunofluorescence, and mesenteric artery reactivity was determined by wire myography. Results: In rats with IR, miR-486-5p blocked kidney endothelial cell increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), reduced neutrophil infiltration and histologic injury, and normalized plasma creatinine (P<0.001). However, miR-486-5p attenuated IR-induced kidney endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (P<0.05). At 10 weeks, kidneys from rats with IR alone had decreased peritubular capillary density and increased interstitial collagen deposition (P<0.0001), and mesenteric arteries showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (P<0.001). These changes were inhibited by miR-486-5p. Delayed miR-486-5p administration (96 h, 3 weeks after IR) had no impact on kidney fibrosis, capillary density, or endothelial function. Conclusion: In rats, administration of miR-486-5p early after kidney IR prevents injury, and protects against CKD development and systemic endothelial dysfunction. These protective effects are associated with inhibition of endothelial ICAM-1 and occur despite reduction in eNOS. miR-486-5p holds promise for the prevention of ischemic AKI and its complications.
Self‐healing anti‐corrosion coatings: A mechanism study using computational materials science
Authors: Huang Luyao , Chen Weiting , Hao Wenkui , Wang Jinke , Guo Xin , Ma Lingwei , Zhang Dawei
Published: May 2024

Self‐healing coatings possess the remarkable ability to autonomously mend damages and restore their corrosion protection capabilities, which are compromised due to environmental influences or external forces. The progression of computational materials science has significantly bolstered theoretical explorations into self‐healing anti‐corrosion coatings. Such inquiries enhance our grasp of self‐healing mechanisms, refine coating efficacy, and curtail the expenditures associated with empirical approaches. The research advancements in computational materials science for self‐healing coatings are reviewed here. It delineates the theoretical elucidation of self‐healing mechanisms through the lens of molecular dynamics, density functional theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and finite element analysis. The computational exploration of intrinsic self‐healing coatings primarily involves dynamic reversible covalent bonds, dynamic reversible non‐covalent bonds, and shape memory effect; whereas, extrinsic self‐healing coatings concentrate on the modalities of film‐forming substances and the adsorption behaviours of corrosion inhibitors. These simulation techniques not only shed light on the self‐healing processes at a microscopic scale but also enable the prediction and enhancement of the macroscopic performance attributes of the coatings in practical applications. The merits and constraints of these computational simulation methodologies when applied to self‐healing coatings are critically assessed. Looking ahead, efforts will be directed towards a more profound amalgamation of computational simulations, empirical investigations, and artificial intelligence. This will pave the way for creating a comprehensive database cataloguing the self‐healing properties of coatings, thereby streamlining material selection and design with greater efficiency.
A comprehensive study on texture evolution and recrystallisation behaviour of Fe‐50Co alloy
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Yuanxiang , Guo Shuaijie , Kang Jian , Yuan Guo
Published: May 2024

The Fe‐Co alloy, a soft magnetic alloy with high saturation magnetic induction strength and Curie temperature, is widely used in high‐performance power generation applications such as airborne radars and electromagnets. In order to improve the magnetic properties, different annealing treatment was employed to tailor the texture of Fe‐50Co alloy. The present work investigated the evolution mechanism of microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of the Fe‐50Co alloy during cold rolling and annealing treatment. The results showed that with increasing reduction ratio, the cold rolling texture primarily consisted of γ and α textures. After annealing, the dominant texture of the alloy transformed into {411}<148> and {111}<112> textures. The increase of annealing temperature weakened the {111}<110> texture while facilitating the development of new, diffuse, and randomly oriented grains. The grain size increased to 40 μm after annealing at 900°C. The alloy exhibited excellent magnetic properties after annealing at 900°C followed by furnace cooling to 750°C with a cooling rate of 50°C/h and then to 300°C with a cooling rate of 180°C/h; the B5000 was ∼2.3 T and P1.5/400 was ∼59 W/kg. A novel route to develop Fe‐50Co alloys with excellent magnetic properties was provided.
High inverse piezoelectric coefficient achieved in Sr2+‐doped KNN‐based lead‐free piezoceramics
Authors: Zheng Bofeng , Liu Tianyu , Ye Wenhui , Ma Jinxu , Zhang Fangli , Chen Kepi
Published: May 2024

High inverse piezoelectric coefficients are crucial for the effective use of piezoelectric ceramics as actuators. In this study, we focused on the design and preparation of (K0.5−xNa0.5−xSrx) (Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) by defect engineering and investigated the effect of Sr2+ doping on its electrical properties. The results showed that a single perovskite phase can be achieved when Sr2+ doping is less than 3 mol%. Furthermore, Sr2+ doping was found to cause a linear decrease in both the Curie temperature (TC) and the orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transition temperature (TO‐T). The ceramic with x = 1% showed optimal piezoelectric properties, exhibiting an electric field‐induced strain of 0.124% under a low driving electric field of 20 kV/cm. This corresponds to an inverse piezoelectric coefficient () of 620 pm/V, which is comparable to that of commercial PZT piezoelectric ceramics. This study not only provides potential piezoelectric ceramics for actuators but also serves as a reference for developing high‐performance piezoelectric ceramics.
Research on magnetic field characteristics of amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel hybrid magnetic circuit iron core
Authors: Sun Hao , Shang Yilei , Han Yu , Yang Fuyao , Liu Yang , Gao Jie , Wang Cong , Liu Chengyu
Published: May 2024

Amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel are commonly employed as soft magnetic materials for the preparation of transformer cores, but both materials have their advantages and disadvantages. Using only silicon steel or amorphous alloy for the preparation of the core makes it difficult to achieve both high design density and low no‐load loss characteristics. In order to achieve the magnetic performance advantages of both amorphous alloy and silicon steel in transformer core development and application, the authors design and develop a kind of amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel hybrid magnetic circuit core to explore the amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel at different ratios under the magnetic properties of matching law. Based on the amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel core magnetic performance comparison characteristics, the authors establish a core magnetic circuit model and design a hybrid magnetic circuit core structure with different material ratios. The hybrid magnetic circuit core model is simulated and analysed to obtain the magnetic density distribution of the hybrid magnetic circuit core. A number of hybrid magnetic circuit core experimental models are produced, and the use of a magnetic property measurement platform is made for the hybrid magnetic circuit core measurements, to reveal the magnetic performance matching law of the hybrid magnetic circuit core, providing a good solution for power distribution in the hybrid magnetic circuit.
How do the non‐linear I–V curves of ZnO‐based adaptive composites behave with electrodes placed on the opposite sides with a series of horizontal distances?
Authors: Sun Ya , Yuan Zhikang , Huang Zhiwen , Hu Jun , He Jinliang , Li Qi
Published: May 2024

Recently, ZnO‐based composites have been widely applied in the field of electric power. To meet the diverse application requirements, it is necessary to figure out the I–V characteristics of ZnO composites whose high‐voltage and ground‐voltage electrodes are arranged on the opposite sides with a certain horizontal distance. 30 vol%, 40 vol% and 50 vol% ZnO‐based silicone rubber composites were prepared. The horizontal distance between their electrodes was set as 50, 100, 500 μm, 1 and 2 mm, respectively. Results showed that with the increase of ZnO fillers volume fraction under a fixed horizontal distance of 100 μm, from 30 vol% to 50 vol%, the I–V curves shifted left, the leakage current increased and the switching voltage decreased. When the horizontal distance between electrodes increased from 50 μm to 1 mm under a fixed doping concentration of 40%, the I–V curves shifted to the right, the leakage current dropped and the switching voltage rose. The mathematical and physical models were established to explain the results. This work provides a referential significance for the practical application of ZnO composites, such as 5G folding mobile phones and power electronic modules.
Improving the generalization of image denoising via structure‐preserved MLP‐based denoiser and generative diffusion prior
Authors: Wu Jing , Xie Ruilin , Wu Hao , Yuan Guowu
Published: May 2024

Image denoising aims to remove noise from images and improve the quality of images. However, most image denoising methods heavily rely on pairwise training strategies and strict prior knowledge about image structure or noise distribution. While these methods exhibit significant results when handling known types of noise, their generalization performance diminishes when confronted with images containing unknown noise distributions. To address this issue, a two‐stage approach is introduced for enhancing the generalizability of image denoising. The proposed method does not rely on a large amount of paired data or prior knowledge of the noise type and level. Instead, it constructs a denoising pipeline with improved generalizability through an MLP‐based denoiser and generative diffusion prior. Specifically, in the first stage, an initial denoised image is predicted with a structure resembling that of the underlying clean image by introducing an MLP‐based U‐shaped denoising network aided by an implicit structural prior. In the second stage, the generalizability and quality of the denoiser are further enhanced by conditioning the result obtained from the previous stage on the pretrained denoising diffusion null‐space model. Extensive experimentation on multiple datasets demonstrates that this method exhibits better denoising performance and generalizability than other image denoising methods.
Imaging swiFTly: Streaming widefield Fourier Transforms for large-scale interferometry
Authors: Wortmann P. , Kent J. , Nikolic B.
Published: May 2024

Aims.We describe a scalable distributed imaging algorithm framework for next-generation radio telescopes, managing the Fourier transform from apertures to sky (or vice versa) with a focus on minimising memory load, data transfers, and computation.

Methods.Our algorithm uses smooth window functions to isolate the influence between specific regions of spatial-frequency and image space. This allows the distribution of image data between nodes and the construction of segments of frequency space exactly when and where needed.

Results.The developed prototype distributes terabytes of image data across many nodes, while generating visibilities at throughput and accuracy competitive with existing software. Scaling is demonstrated to be better than cubic in problem complexity (for baseline length and field of view), reducing the risk involved in growing radio astronomy processing to large telescopes like the Square Kilometre Array.
Volatile atmospheres of lava worlds
Authors: Maurice M. , Dasgupta R. , Hassanzadeh P.
Published: May 2024

Context. A magma ocean (MO) is thought to be a ubiquitous stage in the early evolution of rocky planets and exoplanets. During the lifetime of the MO, exchanges between the interior and exterior envelopes of the planet are very efficient. In particular, volatile elements that initially are contained in the solid part of the planet can be released and form a secondary outgassed atmosphere.

Aims. We determine trends in the H–C–N–O–S composition and thickness of these secondary atmospheres for varying planetary sizes and MO extents, and the oxygen fugacity of MOs, which provides the main control for the atmospheric chemistry.

Methods. We used a model with coupled chemical gas-gas and silicate melt-gas equilibria and mass conservation to predict the composition of an atmosphere at equilibrium with the MO depending on the planet size and the extent and redox state of the MO. We used a self-consistent mass–radius model for the rocky core to inform the structure of the planet, which we combined with an atmosphere model to predict the transit radius of lava worlds.

Results. The resulting MOs have potential temperatures ranging from 1415 to 4229 K, and their outgassed atmospheres have total pressures from 3.3 to 768 bar. We find that MOs (especially the shallow ones) on small planets are generally more reduced, and are thus dominated by H2-rich atmospheres (whose outgassing is strengthened at low planetary mass), while larger planets and deeper MOs vary from CO to CO2–N2–SO2 atmospheres, with increasing $\[f_{\mathrm{O}_2}\]$. In the former case, the low molecular mass of the atmosphere combined with the low gravity of the planets yields a large vertical extension of the atmosphere, while in the latter cases, secondary outgassed atmospheres on super-Earths are likely significantly shrunk. Both N and C are largely outgassed regardless of the conditions, while the S and H outgassing is strongly dependent on the $\[f_{\mathrm{O}_2}\]$, as well as on the planetary mass and MO extent for the latter. We further use these results to assess how much a secondary outgassed atmosphere may alter the mass–radius relations of rocky exoplanets.
Metallicities for more than 10 million stars derived from Gaia BP/RP spectra
Authors: Xylakis-Dornbusch T. , Christlieb N. , Hansen T. T. , Nordlander T. , Webber K. B. , Marshall J.
Published: May 2024

Context. The third Gaia Data Release, which includes BP/RP spectra for 219 million sources, has opened a new window into the exploration of the chemical history and evolution of the Milky Way. The wealth of information encapsulated in these data is far greater than their low resolving power (R ~ 50) would suggest at first glance, as shown in many studies. We zeroed in on the use of these data for the purpose of the detection of “new” metal-poor stars, which are hard to find yet essential for understanding several aspects of the origin of the Galaxy, star formation, and the creation of the elements, among other topics.

Aims. We strive to refine a metal-poor candidate selection method that was developed with simulated Gaia BP/RP spectra with the ultimate objective of providing the community with both a recipe to select stars for medium and high resolution observations, and a catalog of stellar metallicities.

Methods. We used a dataset comprised of GALAH DR3 and SAGA database stars in order to verify and adjust our selection method to real-world data. For that purpose, we used dereddening as a means to tackle the issue of extinction, and then we applied our fine-tuned method to select metal-poor candidates, which we thereafter observed and analyzed.

Results. We were able to infer metallicities for GALAH DR3 and SAGA stars with color excesses up to E(B − V) < 1.5 and an uncertainty of σ[Fe/H]inf ∼ 0.36, which is good enough for the purpose of identifying new metal-poor stars. Further, we selected 26 metal-poor candidates via our method for observations. As spectral analysis showed, 100% of them had [Fe/H] < −2.0, 57% had [Fe/H] < −2.5, and 8% had [Fe/H] < −3.0. We inferred metallicities for these stars with an uncertainty of σ[Fe/H]inf ∼ 0.31, as was proven when comparing [Fe/H]inf to the spectroscopic [Fe/H]. Finally, we assembled a catalog of metallicities for 10 861 062 stars.
An improved correction of radial velocity systematics for the SOPHIE spectrograph
Authors: Grouffal S. , Santerne A. , Hara N. C. , Boisse I. , Coez S. , Heidari N. , Sulis S.
Published: May 2024

High-precision spectrographs can on occasion exhibit temporal variations in their reference velocity or nightly zero point (NZP). One way to monitor the NZP is to measure bright stars, whose intrinsic radial velocity variation is assumed to be much smaller than the instrument precision. The variations of these bright stars, which is primarily assumed to be instrumental, are then smoothed into a reference radial velocity time series (master constant) that is subtracted from the observed targets. While this method is effective in most cases, it does not fully propagate the uncertainty arising from NZP variations. We present a new method for correcting for NZP variations in radial velocity time series. This method uses Gaussian processes based on ancillary information to model these systematic effects. Moreover, it enables us to propagate the uncertainties of this correction into the overall error budget. Another advantage of this approach is that it relies on ancillary data that are collected simultaneously with the spectra and does not solely depend on dedicated observations of constant stars. We applied this method to the SOPHIE spectrograph at the Haute-Provence Observatory using a few instrument housekeeping data, such as the internal pressure and temperature variations. Our results demonstrate that this method effectively models the red noise of constant stars, even with a limited number of housekeeping data, while preserving the signals of exoplanets. Using simulations with mock planets and real data, we found that this method significantly improves the false-alarm probability of detections. It improves the probability by several orders of magnitude. Additionally, by simulating numerous planetary signals, we were able to detect up to 10% more planets with small-amplitude radial velocity signals. We used this new correction to reanalyse the planetary system around HD158259 and to improve the detection of the outermost planets. We propose this technique as a complementary approach to the classical master-constant correction of the instrumental red noise. We also suggest to decrease the observing cadence of the constant stars to optimise the telescope time for scientific targets.
ALMA-IMF
Authors: Dell’Ova P. , Motte F. , Gusdorf A. , Pouteau Y. , Men’shchikov A. , Díaz-González D. , Galván-Madrid R. , Lesaffre P. , Didelon P. , Stutz A. M. , Towner A. P. M. , Marsh K. , Whitworth A. , Armante M. , Bonfand M. , Nony T. , Valeille-Manet M. , Bontemps S. , Csengeri T. , Cunningham N. , Ginsburg A. , Louvet F. , Álvarez-Gutiérrez R. H. , Brouillet N. , Salinas J. , Sanhueza P. , Nakamura F. , Nguyen Luong Q. , Baug T. , Fernández-López M. , Liu H.-L. , Olguin F.
Published: May 2024

Context. A crucial aspect in addressing the challenge of measuring the core mass function (CMF), that is pivotal for comprehending the origin of the initial mass function (IMF), lies in constraining the temperatures of the cores.

Aims. We aim to measure the luminosity, mass, column density and dust temperature of star-forming regions imaged by the ALMA-IMF large program. These fields were chosen to encompass early evolutionary stages of massive protoclusters. High angular resolution mapping is required to capture the properties of protostellar and pre-stellar cores within these regions, and to effectively separate them from larger features, such as dusty filaments.

Methods. We employed the point process mapping (PPMAP) technique, enabling us to perform spectral energy distribution fitting of far-infrared and submillimeter observations across the 15 ALMA-IMF fields, at an unmatched 2.5″ angular resolution. By combining the modified blackbody model with near-infrared data, we derived bolometric luminosity maps. We estimated the errors impacting values of each pixel in the temperature, column density, and luminosity maps. Subsequently, we employed the extraction algorithm getsf on the luminosity maps in order to detect luminosity peaks and measure their associated masses.

Results. We obtained high-resolution constraints on the luminosity, dust temperature, and mass of protoclusters, that are in agreement with previously reported measurements made at a coarser angular resolution. We find that the luminosity-to-mass ratio correlates with the evolutionary stage of the studied regions, albeit with intra-region variability. We compiled a PPMAP source catalog of 313 luminosity peaks using getsf on the derived bolometric luminosity maps. The PPMAP source catalog provides constraints on the mass and luminosity of protostars and cores, although one source may encompass several objects. Finally, we compare the estimated luminosity-to-mass ratio of PPMAP sources with evolutionary tracks and discuss the limitations imposed by the 2.5″ beam.
Comprehensive view of az  ∼  6.5 radio-loud quasi-stellar object: From the radio to the optical/NIR to the X-ray band
Authors: Ighina L. , Caccianiga A. , Moretti A. , Broderick J. W. , Leung J. K. , Paterson S. , Rigamonti F. , Seymour N. , Belladitta S. , Drouart G. , Galvin T. J. , Hurley-Walker N.
Published: May 2024

We present a multi-wavelength analysis, from the radio to the X-ray band, of the redshiftz = 6.44 VIK J2318−31 radio-loud quasi-stellar object, one of the most distant currently known of this class. The work is based on newly obtained observations (uGMRT, ATCA, andChandra) as well as dedicated archival observations that have not yet been published (GNIRS and X-shooter). Based on the observed X-ray and radio emission, its relativistic jets are likely young and misaligned from our line of sight. Moreover, we can confirm, with simultaneous observations, the presence of a turnover in the radio spectrum atνpeak ∼ 650 MHz that is unlikely to be associated with self-synchrotron absorption. From the near-infrared spectrum we derived the mass of the central black hole, $ M_{\mathrm{BH}}=8.1^{+6.8}_{-5.6} \times 10^8\,{M_{\odot}} $, and the Eddington ratio, $ \lambda_{\mathrm{EDD}} = 0.8^{+0.8}_{-0.6} $, using broad emission lines as well as an accretion disc model fit to the continuum emission. Given the high accretion rate, the presence of a ∼8 × 108 M⊙black hole atz = 6.44 can be explained by a seed black hole (∼104 M⊙) that formed atz ∼ 25, assuming a radiative efficiencyηd ∼ 0.1. However, by assumingηd ∼ 0.3, as expected for jetted systems, the mass observed would challenge current theoretical models of black hole formation.