bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Simulation of Pure Electric Passenger Vehicle Based on MATLAB and AVL CRUISE
Authors: Ping Gong
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the vehicle control strategy of pure electric passenger vehicle is designed in MATLAB/simulink, and the driving control strategy and the braking recovery mode control strategy modeling and Simulation are analyzed in detail. The model of the pure electric passenger car is built in AVL CRUISE software, and the parameters of the pure electric passenger car, driving motor, power battery, car tire and other modules are set, and then the established modules are connected. The results show that the drive control strategy of pure electric passenger vehicle does have its unique practicability and superiority.
Design of Microencapsulated Nigelle Sativa Oil Impregnated in Textile Structure
Authors: Taieb Amine Haj , Mnejja Hela
Published: July 2023

Textiles have been used for protection from solar radiation since the time of ancient civilizations. Textile structures render unique characteristics required for sun screening apparel such as pliability, good mechanical strength, softness, esthetics, and other engineered properties. However, textiles as such may not be able to provide effective protection and theyshould be treated with ultraviolet (UV) blocking agents to ensure that the fabrics deflect the harmful UV rays. Several UV blocking agents are being developed to add or improve the UV protection function of textiles. There are opportunities for health and well-being by using cosmetotextiles in which substances that enhance skin appearance, or vitamins can be absorbed by the skin.

The aim of this article is the diffusion of Nigella Sativa oil encapsulated and impregnated in textile structures for the children of the moon.
Patient Preferences for Pain Control After Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Nugent Shannon T. , Veerabagu Surya A. , Madden Matthew , Yanes Arianna F. , Etzkorn Jeremy R. , Miller Christopher J. , Sobanko Joseph F. , Shin Thuzar M. , Higgins H. William , McMurray Stacy L. , Walker Joanna L. , Zhang Junqian , Giordano Cerrene N.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Patient preferences for pain medications after Mohs micrographic surgery are important to understand and have not been fully studied.

Objective

To evaluate patient preferences for pain management with only over-the-counter medications (OTCs) or OTCs plus opioids after Mohs micrographic surgery given varying levels of theoretical pain and opioid addiction risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective discrete choice experiment was conducted in a single academic medical center from August 2021 to April 2022 among patients undergoing Mohs surgery and their accompanying support persons (≥18 years). A prospective survey was administered to all participants using the Conjointly platform. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to February 2023.

Main outcome and measure

The primary outcome was the pain level at which half of the respondents chose OTCs plus opioids equally to only OTCs for pain management. This pain threshold was determined for varying opioid addiction risk profiles (low, 0%; low-moderate, 2%; moderate-high, 6%; high, 12%) and measured via a discrete choice experiment and linear interpolation of associated parameters (pain levels and risk of addiction).

Results

Of the 295 respondents (mean [SD] age, 64.6 [13.1] years; 174 [59%] were female; race and ethnicity were not considered) who completed the discrete choice experiment, 101 (34%) stated that they would never consider opioids for pain management regardless of the pain level experienced, and 147 (50%) expressed concern regarding possible opioid addiction. Across all scenarios, 224 respondents (76%) preferred only OTCs vs OTCs plus opioids after Mohs surgery for pain control. When the theoretical risk of addiction was low (0%), half of the respondents expressed a preference for OTCs plus opioids given pain levels of 6.5 on a 10-point scale (90% CI, 5.7-7.5). At higher opioid addiction risk profiles (2%, 6%, 12%), an equal preference for OTCs plus opioids and only OTCs was not achieved. In these scenarios, patients favored only OTCs despite experiencing high levels of pain.

Conclusion and relevance

The findings of this prospective discrete choice experiment indicate that the perceived risk of opioid addiction affects the patient’s choice of pain medications after Mohs surgery. It is important to engage patients undergoing Mohs surgery in shared decision-making discussions to determine the optimal pain control plan for each individual. These findings may encourage future research on the risks associated with long-term opioid use after Mohs surgery.
The Intricate Interaction Between Expectations and Therapeutic Outcomes of Psychedelic Agents
Authors: Colloca Luana , Nikayin Sina , Sanacora Gerard
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint explores how expectations influence outcomes of psychedelic drug therapy.
Human neural stem cells repress glioma cell progression in a paracrine manner by downregulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Yin Xiaolin , Liu Xiumei , Xiao Xiangyi , Yi Kaiyu , Chen Weigong , Han Chao , Wang Liang , Li Ying , Liu Jing
Published: July 2023

Neural stem cells (NSCs) play crucial roles in neurological disorders and tissue injury repair through exerting paracrine effects. However, the effects of NSC‐derived factors on glioma progression remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of human NSC‐conditioned medium (NSC‐CM) on the behaviour of glioma cells using an in vitro co‐culture system. Cell counting kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assays revealed that NSC‐CM inhibited glioma cell proliferation and growth in a fetal bovine serum (FBS)‐independent manner. In addition, our wound‐healing assay demonstrated that NSC‐CM repressed glioma cell migration, while results from transwell and 3D spheroid invasion assays indicated that NSC‐CM also reduced the invasion capacity of glioma cells. Flow cytometry showed that NSC‐CM prevented cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase and promoted apoptosis. Western blotting was used to show that the expression of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related proteins, including β‐catenin, c‐Myc, cyclin D1, CD44 and Met, was remarkably decreased in NSC‐CM‐treated glioma cells. Furthermore, the addition of a Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activator, CHIR99021, significantly induced the expression of β‐catenin and Met and increased the proliferative and invasive capabilities of control medium‐treated glioma cells but not those of NSC‐CM‐treated glioma cells. The use of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) revealed the secretion of some antitumour factors in human and rat NSCs, including interferon‐α and dickkopf‐1. Our data suggest that NSC‐CM partially inhibits glioma cell progression by downregulating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. This study may serve as a basis for developing future antiglioma therapies based on NSC derivatives.
Enhanced Anti‐inflammatory Capacity of the Conditioned Medium Derived from Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Modified with an Iron‐Based Nanodrug
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Sun Liuxu , Qin Xuan , You Jiayi , Zhang Jing , Xia Yang
Published: July 2023

Cell‐free therapy using conditioned medium (CM) from mesenchymal stem cells takes full advantage of the bioactive factors secreted by the cells while avoiding disadvantages such as immune rejection and tumor formation due to cell transplantation. In this study, human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are modified with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)‐based nanodrug ferumoxytol (PDLSC‐SPION). Compared with PDLSCs, PDLSC‐SPION showed good cell viability and better osteogenic differentiation ability. Cell‐free CM is collected and the anti‐inflammatory capacity of PDLSC CM and PDLSC‐SPION CM is assessed by treatment of lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages and IL‐17‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Both CMs inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cells, and the therapeutic effect is more distinct for PDLSC‐SPION CM than PDLSC CM, which may be due to their different proteomic compositions. Therefore, modification of PDLSCs with ferumoxytol enhances the anti‐inflammatory capacity of its CM, making it more potentially useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis.
Modes and Mechanisms of Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Death in Sjogren's Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Jiannan , Pathak Janak Lal , Liu Qianwen , Hu Shilin , Cao Tingting , Watanabe Nobumoto , Huo Yongliang , Li Jiang
Published: July 2023

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease in middle and old‐aged women with a dry mucosal surface, which is caused by the dysfunction of secretory glands, such as the oral cavity, eyeballs, and pharynx. Pathologically, Sjogren's syndrome are characterized by lymphocyte infiltration into the exocrine glands and epithelial cell destruction caused by autoantibodies Ro/SSA and La/SSB. At present, the exact pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome is unclear. Evidence suggests epithelial cell death and the subsequent dysfunction of salivary glands as the main causes of xerostomia. This review summarizes the modes of salivary gland epithelial cell death and their role in Sjogren's syndrome progression. The molecular mechanisms involved in salivary gland epithelial cell death during Sjogren's syndrome as potential leads to treating the disease are also discussed.
Effect of TiC Content on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Evolution of TiC/Inconel 718 Functionally Gradient Materials by Direct Energy Deposition
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Zou Bin , Lei Ting , Jia Tianhao
Published: July 2023

TiC/Inconel 718 functionally gradient materials are prepared by direct energy deposition technology. The effect of TiC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/Inconel 718 functionally gradient materials is studied. With the increase of TiC content, the microhardness and carbide grain of the specimen are improved, and the density is reduced. The grain of the specimen changes from columnar dendrites to equiaxed crystal, and the equiaxed crystal size is decreased with the increase of TiC content. However, when TiC content is above 10 wt%, the number and size of the Laves phase, coarse TiC primary, and TiC secondary dendrite are increased which causes the generation of cracks. When the TiC content is above 5 wt%, the size of carbide and the number of cracked UMT increase and the impact toughness decreases. Therefore, the optimal maximum TiC content of TiC/Inconel 718 functionally gradient materials is 5 wt% when the laser power is 2200 W.
Continuous‐Spectrum–Polarization Recombinant Optical Encryption with a Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Wang Jiuxu , Yu Feilong , Chen Jin , Wang Jie , Chen Rongsheng , Zhao Zengyue , Chen Jian , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Li Guanhai
Published: July 2023

The Jones matrix, with eight degrees of freedom (DoFs), provides a general mathematical framework for the multifunctional design of metasurfaces. Theoretically, the maximum eight DoFs can be further extended in the spectrum dimension to endow unique encryption capabilities. However, the topology and intrinsic spectral responses of meta‐atoms constrains the continuous engineering of polarization evolution over wavelength dimension. In this work, a forward evolution strategy to quickly establish the mapping relationships between the solutions of the dispersion Jones matrix and the spectral responses of meta‐atoms is reported. Based on the eigenvector transformation method, arbitrary conjugate polarization channels over the continuous‐spectrum dimension are successfully reconstructed. As a proof‐of‐concept, a silicon metadevice is demonstrated for optical information encryption transmission. Remarkably, the arbitrary combination forms of polarization and wavelength dimension increase the information capacity (210), and the measured polarization contrasts of the conjugate polarization conversion are >94% in the entire wavelength range (3–4 µm). It is believed that the proposed approach will benefit secure optical and quantum information technologies.
Turing Patterns in Forced Open Two‐Side‐Fed‐Reactor
Authors: Grób László Mihály , Lagzi István , Szalai István
Published: July 2023

The mechanism suggested by Turing for reaction‐diffusion systems is widely used to explain pattern formation in biology and in many other areas. The persistence of patterns in altering environments is an important property in many natural cases. The experimental study of these phenomena can be done in chemical systems using appropriately designed reactors, e.g., in two‐side‐fed open gel reactors. This configuration allows for testing the effect of time‐periodic boundary conditions that generate periodic feeding of chemicals on the dynamics of Turing patterns. The numerical approach is based on a chemically realistic mechanism and a 2D description of the reactor that reproduces the feeding from the boundaries and the corresponding concentration gradients. Depending on the amplitude and the frequency of the forcing, two basic regimes are observed, spatiotemporal oscillations and pulsating spot pattern. In between them, a mixed‐mode pattern can also develop. Spot patterns can survive large amplitude forcing. The dynamics of the spot pulsation are analyzed in detail, considering the effect of the tanks and the chemical gradients that localize the patterns. These findings suggest that periodic feeding effectively controls pattern formation in chemical systems.
ECSIT Is a Critical Factor for Controlling Intestinal Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis through Regulating the Translation of YAP Protein
Authors: Jiang Yuying , Ma Chunmei , Hu Yingchao , Yang Yongbing , Ma Chanyuan , Wu Chunyan , Liu Lu , Wen Shuang , Moynagh Paul N. , Wang Bingwei , Yang Shuo
Published: July 2023

The intestinal epithelium is the fastest renewing tissue in mammals and its regenerative process must be tightly controlled to minimize the risk of dysfunction and tumorigenesis. The orderly expression and activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP) are the key steps in driving intestinal regeneration and crucial for intestinal homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process remain largely unknown. Here, it is discovered that evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathways (ECSIT), a multi‐functional protein, is enriched along the crypt–villus axis. Intestinal cell‐specific ablation of ECSIT results in the dysregulation of intestinal differentiation unexpectedly accompanied with enhanced YAP protein dependent on translation, thus transforming intestinal cells to early proliferative stem “‐like” cells and augmenting intestinal tumorigenesis. Loss of ECSIT leads to metabolic reprogramming in favor of amino acid–based metabolism, which results in demethylation of genes encoding the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F pathway and their increased expression that further promotes YAP translation initiation culminating in intestinal homeostasis imbalance and tumorigenesis. It is also shown that the expression of ECSIT is positively correlated with the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Together, these results demonstrate the important role of ECSIT in regulating YAP protein translation to control intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
Rna M6a Methylation Regulates Glycolysis of Beige Fat and Contributes to Systemic Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yankang , Zhang Ting , Ping Xiaodan , Wang Dongmei , Chen Yanru , Yu Jian , Liu Caizhi , Liu Ziqi , Zheng Yuhan , Yang Yongfeng , Ruan Chengchao , Li Dali , Du Zhenyu , Wang Jiqiu , Xu Lingyan , Ma Xinran
Published: July 2023

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been implicated in the progression of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, its impact on beige fat biology is not well understood. Here, via m6A‐sequencing and RNA‐sequencing, this work reports that upon beige adipocytes activation, glycolytic genes undergo major events of m6A modification and transcriptional activation. Genetic ablation of m6A writer Mettl3 in fat tissues reveals that Mettl3 deficiency in mature beige adipocytes leads to suppressed glycolytic capability and thermogenesis, as well as reduced preadipocytes proliferation via glycolytic product lactate. In addition, specific modulation of Mettl3 in beige fat via AAV delivery demonstrates consistently Mettl3's role in glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and beige fat hyperplasia. Mechanistically, Mettl3 and m6A reader Igf2bp2 control mRNA stability of key glycolytic genes in beige adipocytes. Overall, these findings highlight the significance of m6A on fat biology and systemic energy homeostasis.
An Advanced Cell for Measuring In Situ Electronic Conductivity Evolutions in All‐Solid‐State Battery Composites
Authors: Quemin Elisa , Dugas Romain , Chaupatnaik Anshuman , Rousse Gwenaelle , Chometon Ronan , Hennequart Benjamin , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: July 2023

Ion and electron transport is of paramount importance for solid‐state technology and its limitation presently prevents the access to liquid cells performance. Herein, this work tackles this issue by proposing an easily implementable cell design enabling to follow the cathode composite's electronic conductivity evolution, in situ and during cycling. For proof of concept, distinct active material (AM) based composites are studied, namely LiCoO2 (LCO), LiNiO2, LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 (NC 9010), NMC 811, NMC 622, NMC 111 (NMC family: LiNi1‐yMnyCoyO2), and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) mixed with Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE). This work shows the feasibility to track AM's phase transitions associated with changes in the material's electronic transport properties. Moreover, this work demonstrates the impact of the Ni content in the various layered oxides, on the interparticle loss of contact at high state‐of‐charge affecting electronic transport. Lastly, by tuning LTO particle size and morphology, this work shows the effect of primary and secondary particle size on the specific metal–insulator transition pertaining to this material. Altogether, this new testing cell opens‐up a broad spectrum of experimental possibilities aiming to access in situ mode key metrics to benefit the optimization of solid‐state batteries research.
Solvent‐derived Fluorinated Secondary Interphase for Reversible Zn‐graphite Dual‐ion Batteries
Authors: Tao Shiwei , Demir Baris , Baktash Ardeshir , Zhu Yutong , Xia Qingbing , Jiao Yalong , Zhao Yuying , Lin Tongen , Li Ming , Lyu Miaoqiang , Gentle Ian , Wang Lianzhou , Knibbe Ruth
Published: July 2023

The irreversibility of anion intercalation‐deintercalation is a fundamental issue in determining the cycling stability of a dual‐ion battery (DIB). In this work, we demonstrate that using a partially fluorinated carbonate solvent can drive a beneficial fluorinated secondary interphase layer formation. Such layer facilitates reversible anion (de−)intercalation processes by impeding solvent molecule co‐intercalation and the associated graphite exfoliation. The enhanced reversibility of anion transport contributes to the overall cycling stability for a Zn‐graphite DIB—a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.5 % after 800 cycles, with an attractive discharge capacity of 156 mAh g−1 and a mid‐point discharge voltage of ≈1.7 V (at 0.1 A g−1). In addition, the formed fluorinated secondary interphase suppresses the self‐discharge behavior, preserving 29 times of the capacity retention rate compared to the battery with a commonly used carbonate solvent, after standing for 24 hours. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for addressing the critical challenges in graphite‐based DIBs and contributes to fundamental understanding to help accelerate their practical application.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Wagner–Meerwein Rearrangements with Concomitant Nucleophilic Hydrofluorination
Authors: Hoogesteger Reece H. , Murdoch Nicola , Cordes David B. , Johnston Craig P.
Published: July 2023

We report a cobalt‐catalyzed Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement of gem‐disubstituted allylarenes that generates fluoroalkane products with isolated yields up to 84 %. Modification of the counteranion of the N‐fluoropyridinium oxidant suggests the substrates undergo nucleophilic fluorination during the reaction. Subjecting the substrates to other known metal‐mediated hydrofluorination procedures did not lead to observable 1,2‐aryl migration. Thus, indicating the unique ability of these cobalt‐catalyzed conditions to generate a sufficiently reactive electrophilic intermediate capable of promoting this Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement.
Tetraazacoronene und ihre Dimere, Trimere und Tetramere
Authors: Eichelmann Robert , Ballmann Joachim , Gade Lutz H.
Published: July 2023

Tetraazacoronene wurden ausgehend von in bay‐Position funktionalisierten Tetraazaperylenen durch Zr‐vermittelte Zyklisierung und vierfache Suzuki–Miyaura Kreuzkupplung synthetisiert. Ein η4‐Cyclobutadien‐Zirconium(IV)‐Komplex wurde im Zr‐vermittelten Ansatz als Zwischenstufe zu Cyclobuten‐anellierten Derivaten isoliert. Verwendung von Bis(pinacolatoboryl)vinyltrimethylsilan als C2‐Baustein lieferte die Tetraazacoronen‐Zielverbindung zusammen mit ihrem kondensierten Azacoronen‐Dimer und den entsprechenden höheren Oligomeren. Die Serie verknüpfter Azacoronene zeigt hochaufgelöste UV/Vis Absorptionsbanden mit steigenden Extinktionskoeffizienten, die mit der π‐Erweiterung der aromatischen Kerne einhergeht und Emissionsquantenausbeuten von bis zu 80 % bei 659 nm.
Data‐driven approach for estimating longitudinal aerodynamic parameters using neural artificial bee colony fusion algorithm
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Sonkar Sarvesh Kumar , George Riya Catherine , Philip Deepu , Ghosh Ajoy Kanti
Published: July 2023

Aerodynamic parameter estimation involves modeling both force and moment coefficients along with the computation of stability and control derivatives from recorded flight data. Classical methods like output, filter, and equation errors apply extensively to this problem. Machine learning approaches like artificial neural networks (ANNs) provide an alternative to model‐based methods. This work presents a novel aerodynamic parameters estimation technique involving the fusion of two of the most popular machine learning methods. The process uses biologically inspired optimization techniques, the artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization with the widely used ANN for simulated data contaminated with the noise of varying intensity (5%, 10%) and for real aircraft while considering system and measurement uncertainty. Combining ABC and ANN results in a novel and promising method that can address the sensor noise challenges of system identification and parameter estimation. Comparing the proposed approach's results with other benchmark estimation techniques like Least Square and Filter Error Methods established its efficacy. Furthermore, the feasibility of the proposed hybrid method in extracting the stability and control variables from the stable aircraft kinematics is shown even with insufficient information in its data history.
On the efficacy of “herd behavior” in the commodities market: A neuro‐fuzzy agent “herding” on deep learning traders
Authors: Guarino Alfonso , Grilli Luca , Santoro Domenico , Messina Francesco , Zaccagnino Rocco
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes the trading strategies of five state‐of‐the‐art agents based on reinforcement learning on six commodity futures: brent oil, corn, gold, coal, natural gas, and sugar. Some of these were chosen because of the periods considered (when they became essential commodities), that is, before and after the 2022 Russia–Ukraine conflict. Agents behavior was assessed using a series of financial indicators, and the trader with the best strategy was selected. Top traders' behavior helped train our recently introduced neuro‐fuzzy agent, which adjusted its trading strategy through “herd behavior.” The results highlight how the reinforcement learning agents performed excellently and how our neuro‐fuzzy trader could improve its strategy using competitor movement information. Finally, we performed experiments with and without transaction costs, observing that, despite these costs, there are fewer transactions. Moreover, the intelligent agents' performances are outstanding and surpassed by the neuro‐fuzzy agent.
Impact of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of polyphenols and caffeine from green tea leaves using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Ashraf Gouhar Jahan , Das Priya , Sahu Ranabir , Nandi Gouranga , Paul Paramita , Dua Tarun Kumar
Published: July 2023

Tea is the most popular daily drink consumed globally, with a high concentration of caffeine and polyphenols. In this study, the effects of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction and quantification of caffeine and polyphenols from green tea were investigated and optimized using 23‐full factorial design and high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography. Three parameters were optimized to maximize the concentration of caffeine and polyphenols extracted using ultrasound: crude drug‐to‐solvent ratio (1:10–1:5), temperature (20–40°C), and ultrasonication time (10–30 min). The optimal conditions achieved from the model for tea extraction were as follows: crude drug‐to‐solvent ratio, 0.199 g/ml; temperature, 39.9°C; and time, 29.9 min; the extractive value was found to be 16.8%. Images from scanning electron microscopy showed that the matrix underwent a physical alteration and cell wall disintegration, which intensified and accelerated the extraction. This process might be simplified using sonication, which results in a higher extractive yield and a significant concentration of caffeine and polyphenols than the traditional approach, with a smaller quantity of solvent and faster analytical times. The result of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography analysis proves a significant positive correlation between extractive value and caffeine and polyphenol concentrations.
The effect of task specific aids on students' performance and minimization of cognitive load in a virtual reality chemistry laboratory
Authors: Ali Numan , Ullah Sehat , Raees Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Different cognitive aids (such as arrows, audio, etc.) are used in virtual laboratories for the enhancement of students' performance during their experimental tasks. However, excessive use of aids in virtual laboratories can lead to increased cognitive load, which affects task performance. In this article, we first conducted a subjective study with field experts to investigate about the practical implementation of our existing virtual chemistry laboratory. To consider the suggestions of the field experts, we propose task specific aids based virtual reality chemistry laboratory (TSA‐VRCL) to minimize students' cognitive load and enhance their performance. The task specific aids consist of an arrow, animation, and audio aids that are separately rendered with each step of the experimental tasks. During evaluations, eighty students performed the experiments in four different groups using four different experimental conditions. Evaluations revealed that the proposed TSA‐VRCL minimizes students' cognitive load and enhances their performance.
Catalytic Biomass Gasification in Supercritical Water and Product Gas Upgrading
Authors: Vadarlis Athanasios A. , Angeli Sofia D. , Lemonidou Angeliki A. , Boukis Nikolaos , Sauer Jörg
Published: July 2023

The gasification of biomass with supercritical water, also known as SCWG, is a sustainable method of hydrogen production. The process produces a mixture of hydrogen, carbon oxides, and hydrocarbons. Upgrading this mixture through steam or dry reforming of hydrocarbons to create synthesis gas and then extra hydrogen is a viable way to increase hydrogen production from biomass. This literature review discusses combining these two processes and recent experimental work on catalytic SCWG of biomass and its model compounds and steam/dry reforming of produced hydrocarbons. It focuses on catalysts used in these processes and their key criteria, such as activity, selectivity towards hydrogen and methane, and ability to inhibit carbon formation and deposition. A new criterion is proposed to evaluate catalyst performance in biomass SCWG and the need for further upgrading via reforming, based on the ratio of hydrogen bound in hydrocarbons to total hydrogen produced during SCWG. The review concludes that most catalysts used in biomass SCWG trap a large proportion of hydrogen in hydrocarbons, necessitating further processing of the product stream.
Favorable outcome of PML‐RARα short isoform and FLT3‐ITD mutation in a patient with several adverse prognostic markers: A case report
Authors: Bafail Mohammed A. , AlTahan Rahaf , Samman Manar A. , Tashkandi Suha A. , Motabi Ibraheem H. , Peer‐Zada Abdul Ali
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical Message

Complete molecular remission in a “variant APL” patient with short isoform of PML‐RARα and FLT3‐ITD mutation was achieved in response to ATRA and ATO plus IDA instead of standard treatment protocol. The use of FLT3 inhibitor in APL induction management is implicated to prevent differentiation syndrome and coagulopathy experienced in in patients with FLT3‐ITD.

FLT3‐ITD mutations are the most common activating mutations in FLT3 gene, occurring in about 12 to 38% of acute promyelocytic leukemia cases, and are mainly associated with high white blood cell counts and poor clinical outcomes. Here, we present a case of APL variant with adverse prognostic features who showed short isoform [bcr3] of PML‐RARα and FLT3‐ITD mutation at diagnosis. The patient received all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) plus idarubicin (IDA) instead of standard treatment protocol, and achieved a complete morphological, cytogenetic and molecular response. However, the patient experienced differentiation syndrome, and coagulopathy that was subsequently resolved by continuous oxygen therapy, dexamethasone, and enoxaparin. The use of FLT3 inhibitor in APL induction management is implicated to prevent differentiation syndrome and coagulopathy in patients with FLT3‐ITD mutation.
Shining a Light on the Advances, Challenges and Realisation of Utilising Photoredox Catalysis in Pharmaceutical Development
Authors: Callard‐Langdon Emily E. , Steven Alan , Kahan Rachel J.
Published: July 2023

Photoredox catalysis has advanced significantly over the last fifteen years, with improvements in technology facilitating implementation in both academic and industrial settings. Despite these advances, the uptake of photoredox catalysis in pharmaceutical development and manufacture has been slow, in part due to the challenge of developing a robust, transferable process. This perspective provides insight on the successes and difficulties encountered when applying photoredox catalysis to pharmaceutical development. It is hoped greater understanding of the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry will inform future research and encourage collaboration.
Metal‐Coordination‐Mediated H‐Aggregates of Cyanine Dyes for Effective Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Lv Fangyuan , Feng Erting , Lv Shibo , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling
Published: July 2023

Integration of cyanine dyes and metal ions into one nanoplatform via metal‐coordination interactions is an effective strategy to build multimodality phototheranostics. The multifunctionalities of the formed nanoscale metal–organic particles (NMOPs) have been widely explored. However, the effect of metal‐coordination interaction on the aggregation behavior of cyanine dyes is rarely reported. Herein, we reported the H‐aggregation behavior of cyanine dye Cy‐3COOH induced by different metal ions M (Fe2+ or Mn2+). Moreover, the extent of H‐aggregates varied with different metal‐coordination interactions. Upon NIR irradiation, H‐aggregates of Cy‐3COOH remarkably promoted photothermal conversion efficiency. Interestingly, we also find that H‐aggregates of Cy‐3COOH induced by metal ions can generate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving singlet oxygen (1O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2−⋅) upon light irradiation. In addition, the ROS efficiency varies depending on the extent of H‐aggregates. Additionally, the photoinduced ROS could disassemble aggregates and decompose cyanine dye Cy‐3COOH, which limits the photothermal capability of Cy‐3COOH/M NPs. Therefore, the photothermal performance of Cy‐3COOH/M NPs could be manipulated by the degree of H‐aggregation. This would provide a new insight to develop efficient phototheranostics NMOPs for cancer treatment.
Silver‐Catalyzed para‐Selective Sulfenyl Group Transfer Reactions of N‐Sulfenylanilides
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Muranushi Ichiro , Asoh Takato , Terada Masahiro
Published: July 2023

Silver‐catalyzed reactions of N‐sulfenylanilides afforded the corresponding p‐sulfenylanilides in good to high yields with good para selectivity. The transformation has a high compatibility of functional groups, such as ester, bromo, and iodo groups. Mechanistic studies indicate that the rearrangement reaction proceeds through intermolecular transfer of the sulfenyl group.
Study on the slurrying mechanism of coal water slurry prepared from coal gasification wastewater
Authors: Li Dedi , Feng Biao , Xu Chenxuan , Chen Cong , Wang Jianbin , Huang Huimin
Published: July 2023

The coal gasification process produces a large amount of wastewater which is seriously polluted and difficult to biochemically treat. The regasification of coal water slurry produced from gasification wastewater meets the requirements of clean and efficient use of energy and the concept of circular economy. In this paper, the slurryability of coal water slurry prepared with gasification wastewater was measured, and the influence mechanism of organic matter, metal ions, and ammonia nitrogen components in coal gasification wastewater on slurryability has been studied. Results show that (a) Coal water slurry can be prepared with gasification wastewater, and the composition of wastewater has a great influence on the slurryability. (b) Phenols and alcohols in wastewater are not conducive to slurryability, while urethane in wastewater is beneficial for slurrying. (c) K+ and Na+ in wastewater have little effect on the slurryablity even in high concentration, while Mg2+ and Ca2+ have basically no effect on the slurryability under the concentration range of coal gasification wastewater. However, Fe3+ has a negative effect and Cu3+ has a positive effect on the slurryability at low concentrations. (d) Ammonia nitrogen can affect the slurryability of coal water slurry by affecting the pH of the solution. NH4OH solution is alkaline, which is conducive to slurrying, while (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl solutions are acidic, resulting in poor slurryability of coal water slurry.
C‐Aryl Glycosylation via Interrupted Pummerer Rearrangement†
Authors: Li Jiagen , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive Summary

C‐aryl glycosides are an important kind of carbohydrate derivatives for drug discovery, due to their distinctive attributes of resistance to hydrolysis from enzymes. Herein, C‐aryl glycosylation was established for the synthesis of 2‐sulfur C‐aryl glycals and 1,2‐dihydrobenzofuran‐fused C‐aryl glycosides via interrupted Pummerer process, featured with sulfonium‐tethered [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement between sulfoxide glycals and phenols. This protocol offers a broad substrate scope with diverse glycosyl and phenols. Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, and Ipragliflozin analogs were straightforward achieved, respectively.
The Impact of Nanomaterial Morphology on Modulation of Carbohydrate–Protein Interactions
Authors: Ravindra Bhoge Preeti , Chandra Ankita , Kikkeri Raghavendra
Published: July 2023

Carbohydrate–protein interactions (CPIs) play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes within living systems. However, these interactions are typically weak, prompting the development of multivalent probes, including nanoparticles and polymer scaffolds, to enhance the avidity of CPIs. Additionally, the morphologies of glyco‐nanostructures can significantly impact protein binding, bacterial adhesion, cellular internalization, and immune responses. In this review, we have examined the advancements in glyco‐nanostructures of different shapes that modulate CPIs. We specifically emphasize glyco‐nanostructures constructed from small‐molecule amphiphilic carbohydrates, block copolymers, metal‐based nanoparticles, and carbon‐based materials, highlighting their potential applications in glycobiology.
Classification of white blood cells based on modified U‐Net and SVM
Authors: Balasubramanian Kishore , Gayathri Devi K. , Ramya K.
Published: July 2023

Manual investigation of blood cell count is sometimes erroneous due to interoperability error, fatigue error, requiring expert skill and time consuming too. In particular, investigation of white blood cell (WBC) gains importance in identifying diseases like leukemia, leukopenia, etc. WBC does not possess regular structure because they move throughout the blood stream and hence analyzing WBC and its types for structure and shape is quite challenging. To aid in hematology, this work provides classification of WBC classification based on modified U‐Net and support vector machines (SVM). A modified U‐Net architecture is developed to segment WBC followed by feature extraction and classification by radial basis function‐support vector machine (RBF‐SVM). Experiments indicated that the modified U Net segmentation can detect the WBC nucleus with a dice similarity coefficient of 0.972. The proposed U‐Net‐SVM can recognize WBCs in Raabin‐WBC, LISC, and BCCD datasets with an accuracy of 99.45%, 98.62%, and 98.81%, respectively. Further investigation on leukemia dataset, ALL‐IDB2, revealed an accuracy of 99.42% with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The proposed model can be used to investigate WBCs and hence provide a great support to the hematologists in analyzing the blood smear for various disease identifications.
A game theory‐based approach for the study of inter‐interference in coexisting wireless body area networks
Authors: B.N. Priyanka , R Jayaparvathy
Published: July 2023

A wireless body area network (WBAN) enables the continuous monitoring of health conditions including heart rate, temperature, and glucose levels. It is composed of several sensors that are placed on the body. The network's performance is significantly affected by the unpredictable movements of the human body. Due to the varying proximities between them, the existence of several WBANs creates a challenge when mobility is involved. In this fictitious scenario, we consider a park area with both mobile and static WBANs or WBAN‐equipped individuals passing through the park who have varying degrees of mobility. When a mobile WBAN passes a static WBAN and is within a minimum distance of the static WBAN, they pair up and immediately interfere. Inter‐interference caused by WBANs operating in a limited area causes packet loss and performance deterioration. In this work, static WBAN locations are optimised to minimise interference and system inter‐interference problems are addressed by a game theoretic method. This paper formulates a flexible game theoretic framework to study WBAN coexistence using the expected pay‐off function considering a two‐player game. It is observed from the results obtained that the probability of interference caused by fast mobile WBANs is reduced to a maximum of 50% compared with that caused by slow mobile WBANs thereby reducing the need for relocation of static WBANs.
Asymmetric Reductive Amination in Organocatalysis and Biocatalysis
Authors: Li Tingting , Zhou Qian , Meng Fanjing , Cui Wenhui , Li Qian , Zhu Jiang , Cao Yang
Published: July 2023

This review summarizes the recent progress of organocatalytic and biocatalytic asymmetric reductive amination (ARA), a challenging but important topic for drug discovery and the pharmaceutical industry. At present, ARA can be divided into three categories: metal catalysis, organic catalysis, and biocatalysis. In the past decade, transition metal‐catalysed ARA has been well established. Organocatalytic ARA has emerged as a powerful alternative to metal‐catalysed ARA, the hydrogen sources used in organocatalytic ARA are usually Hantzsch esters, benzothiazolines, boranes, and hydrosilanes, which require Lewis base or phosphoric acid catalysts to activate them to give secondary chiral amines. It is worth mentioning that biocatalytic ARA has made remarkable progress in the last decade, amino acid dehydrogenases, amine dehydrogenases, opine dehydrogenases and imine reductases have been successfully used in ARA.
Development of a pseudostatic method for seismic performance evaluation of rocking bridge foundations
Authors: Chiou Jiunn‐Shyang , Lee Tzu‐Chieh , Natalin Maria Desti
Published: July 2023

Pseudostatic analysis can be an efficient approach to evaluating the dynamic response of structures for a preliminary design. In this paper, we present a pseudostatic method based on a pushover analysis to assess the seismic performance of bridge piers supported by rocking‐governed shallow foundations. The method has two stages. In the first stage, the capacity spectrum method (CSM) is applied to evaluate the maximum acceleration and displacement response of the bridge system. To have an appropriate system damping ratio in the CSM, we propose a method to consider various earthquake energy dissipation mechanisms for the pier and foundation. In the second stage, the footing settlement is evaluated based on the maximum footing rotation; an incrementally cyclic pushover analysis with a fixed footing rotation increment is performed to estimate the footing settlement. Examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and the results of the proposed method are compared with the dynamic analysis results. Compared with the conventional CSM, the proposed method improves the estimation of system damping and can estimate the settlement after earthquakes.
Performance analysis and comparison of approximate detectors with linear detectors in massive MIMO systems under imperfect channel state information
Authors: Khurshid Kiran , Imran Muhammad , Wakeel Abdul
Published: July 2023

Massive MIMO systems are a key technology for enhancing the capacity and reliability of wireless communication systems. However, to unlock the full potential of massive MIMO systems, accurate channel state information is crucial at the receivers. In practice, channel estimation errors are inevitable, leading to significant performance degradation in traditional massive MIMO equalizers that assume perfect channel state information. In this work, we investigate the performance of approximate massive MIMO detectors, specifically the Gauss‐Seidel and Neumann series, over a time‐invariant channel with imperfect channel state information. We derive the expressions of signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio and average bit error rate for approximate massive MIMO detectors in a unicellular environment using M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation. Additionally, we compare the performance of linear detectors, including zero‐forcing, minimum‐mean‐squared‐error, and maximal‐ratio combining, with that of the approximate detectors. Through extensive Monte Carlo numerical simulations and various system configurations, we demonstrate that the Gauss‐Seidel detector, under imperfect channel state information, achieves comparable bit error rate performance to the zero‐forcing and minimum‐mean‐squared‐error detectors while requiring less computational complexity. Our study suggests that the Gauss‐Seidel detector has the potential to be used in massive MIMO systems in the presence of imperfect channel state information, highlighting its practical relevance in real‐world scenarios.
Visual genetic typing of glioma using proximity‐anchored in situ spectral coding amplification
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Deng Ruijie , Su Dongdong , Ma Xiaochen , Han Xu , Wang Shizheng , Xia Yuqing , Yang Zifu , Gong Ningqiang , Jia Yanwei , Gao Xueyun , Ren Xiaojun
Published: July 2023

Gliomas are histologically and genetically heterogeneous tumors. However, classical histopathological typing often ignores the high heterogeneity of tumors and thus cannot meet the requirements of precise pathological diagnosis. Here, proximity‐anchored in situ spectral coding amplification (ProxISCA) is proposed for multiplexed imaging of RNA mutations, enabling visual typing of brain gliomas with different pathological grades at the single‐cell and tissue levels. The ligation‐based padlock probe can discriminate one‐nucleotide variations, and the design of proximity primers enables the anchoring of amplicons on target RNA, thus improving localization accuracy. The DNA module‐based spectral coding strategy can dramatically improve the multiplexing capacity for imaging RNA mutations through one‐time labelling, with low cost and simple operation. One‐target‐one‐amplicon amplification confers ProxISCA the ability to quantify RNA mutation copy number with single‐molecule resolution. Based on this approach, it is found that gliomas with higher malignant grades express more genes with high correlation at the cellular and tissue levels and show greater cellular heterogeneity. ProxISCA provides a tool for glioma research and precise diagnosis, which can reveal the relationship between cellular heterogeneity and glioma occurrence or development and assist in pathological prognosis.
Failure of India's Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism as a Climate Finance Policy
Authors: Subburayan Baranidharan
Published: July 2023

As one of the world's largest economies and a developing nation with significant vulnerabilities to a changing climate, India has taken efforts to address climate change through various policies and initiatives. Climate finance policies play a crucial role in supporting developing countries in their transition to low‐carbon and climate‐resilient pathways. However, despite India's commitment to climate action, there have been instances where certain climate finance policies have failed to achieve their intended objectives. This article examines the failure of a specific climate finance policy in India and analyses the factors contributing to its shortcomings.
Couple stress effects on the MHD oscillatory flow in a fluid‐saturated porous layer
Authors: Raghunatha K. R. , Vinod Y.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, the oscillatory flow of hydromagnetic couple stress fluid‐saturated porous layer with inhomogeneous wall temperatures is studied. The flow is modeled using the modified Darcy equation. The fluid is subjected to a transverse magnetic field and the velocity slip at the lower plate is taken into deliberation. The governing coupled partial differential equations of the flow are transformed to coupled ordinary differential equations and are solved analytically. The impact of the physical parameters such as the Grashof number, Prandtl number, Darcy number, Hartmann number, and couple stress parameters on velocity profiles, temperature, rate of heat transfer, and skin friction are emphasized. The velocity field increased as either the Grashof number, the Darcy number, the suction/injection parameter, and Prandtl number increased nevertheless reverse growth can be seen by increasing the Hartmann number and the couple stress parameter. The temperature field in the channel increases with increasing the suction/injection parameter and Prandtl number but a conflicting development can be seen with increasing the oscillation amplitude. It is interesting to note that skin friction increases on both channel plates as injection increases on the heated plate.