bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inverse Design of Plasmonic Phase-Contrast Image Sensors Using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model
Authors: Kojima Keisuke , Liu Jianing , Paiella Roberto
Published: September 2024

We use a generative deep learning method based on denoising diffusion probabilistic model to design plasmonic phase-imaging sensors for broadband operation. This flexible method enables optimized inverse design for a wide range of nanophotonic devices.
Creating non-Abelian gauge fields in non-Hermitian systems via photonic synthetic dimensions
Authors: Pang Zehai , Wong Bengy Tsz Tsun , Hu Jinbing , Yang Yi
Published: September 2024

We introduce synthetic non-Abelian gauge fields to non-Hermitian systems and study their topological consequences via a non-Abelian Hatano–Nelson model, its photonic realization via a polarization-multiplexed fiber ring resonator, and broken gauge invariance of the non-Abelian Wilson loop.
Observation of New Class of Bright Solitons: Tower and Volcano Solitons
Authors: Kwasny Michal , Laudyn Urszula A. , Karpierz Miroslaw , Trippenbach Marek , Hagan David , Christodoulides Demetrios , Krolikowski Wieslaw , Jung Pawel S.
Published: September 2024

We report the first experimental observation of a novel fundamental soliton class, termed Tower and Volcano solitons, in soft-matter systems characterized by nonlinear responses driven by competing nonlocal interactions.
Entanglement of Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Nodes Via 35 km of Deployed Fiber
Authors: Knaut C. M. , Suleymanzade A. , Wei Y.-C. , Assumpcao D. R. , Stas P.-J. , Huan Y. Q. , Machielse B. , Knall E. N. , Sutula M. , Baranes G. , Sinclair N. , De-Eknamkul C. , Levonian D. S. , Bhaskar M. , Park H. , Lončar M. , Lukin M. D.
Published: September 2024

We generate remote entanglement between spatially separate color-center based nanophotonic quantum network nodes. In addition, we demonstrate remote entanglement distribution across a 35 km long fiber loop deployed in the Boston urban area.
Entanglement Distribution in Packet-Switched Quantum Wrapper Network
Authors: On Mehmet Berkay , Proietti Roberto , Gül Gamze , Kanter Gregory S. , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Prem , Ben Yoo S. J.
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate entanglement distribution between a source and two distinct destination nodes in a packet-switched quantum network with >86% fidelity, where the packets consist of classical bits as labels and entangled photons as payloads.
Integrated Platform for Spin-Photon Interfaces in Silicon
Authors: Song Hanbin , Zhang Xueyue , Zhi Yiyang , Komza Lukasz , Sipahigil Alp
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate optical initialization and readout of electron spins of a single T center in a silicon nanophotonic waveguide. We present progress for coherent control of the waveguide single spin for silicon spin-photon interfaces development.
Frequency multiplexed emission from cavity-enhanced T centers
Authors: Komza Lukasz , Zhang Xueyue , Tang Yu-Lung , Song Hanbin , Sipahigil Alp
Published: September 2024

To enable efficient s pin-photon i nterfaces w ith T c enters, cavity-enhanced emission is essential. We build an integrated photonics platform demonstrating cavity-enhanced emission from multiple T centers across distinct cavities, featuring a minimum lifetime of 126 nanoseconds.
Investigating atomic-scale solid-state properties with an SnV electrometer in diamond
Authors: Schröder Tim
Published: September 2024

We present an electrometer based on an optically-active spin defect in diamond with a non-linear Stark response. Using this sensor, we successfully localize charge traps, quantify their impact on transport dynamics and noise generation, analyze relevant material properties, and develop strategies for material optimization.
Quantum Calculation of Photon Pair Generation in Quasi-phase Matched AlGaAs Microrings
Authors: Fontaine Samuel E. , Vendromin Colin , Steiner Trevor J. , Moody Galan , Bowers John , Atrli Amirali , Liscidini Marco , Sipe J. E.
Published: September 2024

We calculate the rate of spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and generated biphoton wavefunction, in an AlGaAs microring resonator designed to take full advantage of the quasi-phase matching occurring as the light propagates around the ring.
Statistical mechanics and pressure of composite optical systems
Authors: Efremidis Nikolaos K. , Christodoulides Demetrios N.
Published: September 2024

We develop a thermodynamic theory that takes into account the synergistic action of multiple components. We compute the optomechanical pressure and find that the type of the nonlinearity involved can lead to different thermal equilibria.
On-chip generation and processing of ultrafast time-entangled photonic qudits for quantum communications
Authors: Sciara Stefania , Yu Hao , Chemnitz Mario , Montaut Nicola , Fischer Bennet , Helsten Robin , Crockett Benjamin , Wetzel Benjamin , Goebel Thorsten A. , Krämer Ria G. , Little Brent E. , Chu Sai T. , Nolte Stefan , Munro William J. , Moss David J. , Azaña José , Wang Zhiming , Morandotti Roberto
Published: September 2024

We present a photonic platform for the generation and processing of picosecond-spaced time entangled qudits, based on on-chip interferometers and a spiral waveguide. We utilize these qudits to implement quantum communications over standard optical fibers.
Ge2Sb2Se4Te-based reconfigurable on-chip metasurface NIR filter
Authors: Popescu Cosmin-Constantin , Aryana Kiumars , Garud Parth , Dao Khoi Phuong , Vitale Steven , Roberts Christopher , Liberman Vladimir , Bae Hyung-Bin , Lee Tae Woo , Kang Myungkoo , Richardson Kathleen A. , Ríos Ocampo Carlos A. , Zhang Yifei , Gu Tian , Hu Juejun , Kim Hyun Jung
Published: September 2024

A tunable level, phase change material-based metasurface near IR optical filter on a transmissive doped silicon-on-insulator platform is demonstrated. This type of filter is non-volatile, non-mechanical, with switching being enabled by Joule heating via current pulses.
Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Enhancement in Plasmonic Nano-Gap Cavities
Authors: Bangle Rachel E. , Li Hengming , Mikkelsen Maiken H.
Published: September 2024

Integration of molecular pairs known to perform upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation into plasmonic nano-gap cavities resulted in up to 45-fold emission brightness enhancement. Cavity resonance tuning revealed absorption enhancement to be the primary operative mechanism.
Many-Body Effects in Copropagating Multidimensional Coherent Spectroscopy of Microcavity Polaritons
Authors: Fumero Giuseppe , Louscher Hunter L. , Wahlstrand Jared K. , Bristow Alan D.
Published: September 2024

We measure multidimensional coherent spectra of an InGaAs nanostructure in a collinear geometry varying fluence, polarization and detuning, and obtaining distinctive signatures of many-body interactions between polaritons and pure excitonic states.
Guided organic exciton-polaritons on patterned distributed Bragg reflectors at room temperature
Authors: Liu Bin , Horowitz Jeffrey , Forrest Stephen R.
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate guided long-range excitation energy transport mediated by exciton-polaritons on different patterned distributed Bragg reflectors at room temperature, which results from strong coupling between organic excitons and low-loss Bloch surface wave (BSW) modes.
Cascaded Plasma Mirrors for Two-Color-Driven Harmonic Generation
Authors: Fasan Nicholas M. , Dewan Vedin , Edwards Matthew R. , Giakas Andreas , Bennett Timothy , Mikhailova Julia M.
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate enhanced third and fourth harmonic energy using a phase-controlled two-color beam in a multi-pass plasma mirror set-up. Maximum enhancement of 1.6× was measured for on-target intensity of 1 × 1019Wcm
−
2.
A Novel Idea of Plasma-based Pulse Compression for Compact Exawatt Lasers
Authors: Hur Min Sup , Jaroszynski Dino A. , Suk Hyyong
Published: September 2024

A negatively chirped pulse can be compressed in a density gradient plasma. Compression of a 2.35 picosecond pulse into a 10.3 femtosecond pulse with peak intensity up to 1017 W/cm2 was demonstrated by particle-in-cell simulations.
Lightwave-Driven Valley Control in Graphene
Authors: Lesko Daniel M. B. , Weitz Tobias , Wittigschlager Simon , Hommelhoff Peter
Published: September 2024

With circular/linearly polarized bi-chromatic electric fields we drive ω − 2ω phase dependent currents in graphene. Comparison with theory reveals the generation of valley specific currents critical to lightwave electronics.
Adding Photon Entanglement and Quantum Beating to Superradiance by Using Multilevel Atoms
Authors: Sivan Amir , Orenstein Meir
Published: September 2024

Entanglement is added to the multiphoton state emanated by superradiance. It is achieved by employing multilevel atoms, via a multipath Dicke ladder. Additional quantum effects like beating between collective states are exhibited.
1D Topological Laser with A Topological Bulk
Authors: Lin Dayang , Li Zhitong , Luo Xi-Wang , Gharajch Abouzar , Moon Jiyoung , Hou Junpeng , Zhang Chuanwei , Gu Qing
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate a 1D topological laser with well-defined non-Hermitian topological bulk, implemented on the III-V compounds platform using the micro-ring array. This system results in high efficiency and robust edge-lasing.
Topological and non-Hermitian photonics in coupled optical fiber loops
Authors: Feis Joshua , Weidemann Sebastian , Steinfurth Andrea , Görsch Julia , Szameit Alexander
Published: September 2024

Optical gain and loss give rise to non-Hermitian and topological physics in the evolution of light. Along these lines, we experimentally demonstrate induced transparency, triple phase transitions and topological funneling in coupled optical fiber loops.
Fabry-Perot Cavity Assembled on Terfenol-D Slab for High-Resolution Magnetic Field Measurement
Authors: Yao Yucheng , Zhao Zhiyong , Han Jun-bo , liu Jing , Chen Shuyan , Liu Zhuyixiao , Tang Ming
Published: September 2024

By utilizing a microwave photonics-interrogated Fabry-Perot interferometer fabricated on a Terfenol-D slab, an ultra-high resolution magnetic field sensor is achieved with a maximum sensitivity of 4.6 MHz/mT, and a resolution of 54 μT.
Tactile Sensing at Cryogenic Temperatures Using MichTac Sensors Based on GaN Nanopillar LEDs
Authors: Dvořák Nathan , Ku Pei-Cheng
Published: September 2024

Experiments successfully established the feasibility of a nanopillar-LED-based tactile sensor showing tactile perception at extremely cold temperatures.
Active Optical Chiral Nanocavity through MEMS-integrated Twisted Bilayer Photonic Crystals
Authors: Du Fan , Gao Guangqi , Zhang Mingjie , Lou Beicheng , Ni Xueqi , Liu Yuan , Fan Shanhui , Cao Yuan , Mazur Eric , Tang Haoning
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a MEMS-integrated bilayer photonic crystals with tunable intrinsic chirality. By controlling the interlayer gap and twist angle between the two photonic crystal layers, the circular dichroism varies from 0 to 0.85.
Strong, Mid-IR Driven THz Generation for Nonlinear Spectroscopy
Authors: Gollner Claudia , Jutas Rokas , Kreil Dominik , Dirin Dmitry N. , Boehme Simon C. , Baltuška Andrius , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Koulouklidis Anastasios D. , Fedorov Vladimir Yu. , Tzortzakis Stelios , Shalaby Mostafa , Pugžlys Audrius
Published: September 2024

We report on strong-field THz sources from optical rectification in organic crystals or two-color plasma filaments, driven by intense mid-IR pulses. Non-linear perturbation of semiconductor materials is demonstrated by the applied THz transients.
Unifying Optical Frequency Metrology with Free-Electron Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Yujia , Cattaneo Paolo , Raja Arslan S. , Weaver Bruce , Wang Rui Ning , Sapozhnik Alexey , Carbone Fabrizio , LaGrange Thomas , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: September 2024

We establish a frequency link across the microwave, optical, and free-electron domains by a photonic chip-based electron phase modulator driven by a continuous-wave laser locked to a fully stabilized optical frequency comb.
Kerr frequency comb generation in normal dispersion fiber Fabry-Pérot resonators via switching waves excitation
Authors: Bunel T. , Conforti M. , Ziani Z. , Lumeau J. , Moreau A. , Fernandez A. , Llopis O. , Bourcier G. , Mussot A.
Published: September 2024

We report the generation of optical frequency combs in fiber Fabry-Perot resonator operating in the normal dispersion regime. Thanks to the compact design and the easy coupling of the resonator, switching waves can be generated in an all-fiber experimental setup employing a pulsed pumping scheme. The influence of dispersion is thoroughly discussed, revealing the potential to create a frequency comb spanning a 15 THz bandwidth through the utilization of a flattened low dispersion cavity. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory and the numerical simulations.
Perovskite Quantum Wires and Their Applications in the Field of Display and Lighting
Authors: Zhang Qianpeng , Zhang Daquan , Cao Bryan , Lv Hualiang , Mo Xiaoliang , Fan Zhiyong
Published: September 2024

The quantum wire is a unique category in one-dimensional perovskite materials. Here, we summarize our previous work on perovskite quantum wires and their successful applications in displays and lighting.
Selective Area Growth of Ga- and N-Polar InGaN/GaN Nanowires - A Comparative Study
Authors: Ghosh Arnob , Khan Kamruzzaman , Sankar Shrivatch , Ahmadi Elaheh , Arafin Shamsul
Published: September 2024

InGaN quantum disks in GaN nanowires are grown on both Ga- and N-polar GaN templates. Comparative analysis indicates superior geometric control in N-polar GaN with higher vertical, reduced lateral growth rates, flat tops, and increased indium-incorporation compared to Ga-polar.
Chiral and edge-lasing with perovskite crystals of arbitrary shape
Authors: Kędziora Mateusz , Opala Andrzej , Mastria Rosanna , De Marco Luisa , Król Mateusz , Łempicka-Mirek Karolina , Tyszka Krzysztof , Morawiak Przemysław , Mazur Rafał , Piecek Wiktor , Kula Przemysław , Ekielski Marek , Bogdanowicz Karolina , Szerling Anna , Sigurðsson Helgi , Czyszanowski Tomasz , Szczytko Jacek , Matuszewski Michał , Sanvitto Daniele , Piętka Barbara
Published: September 2024

We developed a versatile method for fabricating perovskite microstructures of any arbitrary, pre-defined shape, a first step towards perovskite integrated photonics. Our structures demonstrate waveguiding capabilities and polariton lasing.
Prediction of Laser Beam Spatial Profiles in a Multipass, High-Energy Laser Facility Using Deep Learning
Authors: Guardalben M. J. , Wang J. , Mathur A. , Yadav R. , Goduguluri L. N.
Published: September 2024

Deep-learning models based on the U-Net architecture have been characterized for accuracy and speed to support real-time laser performance prediction in multipass, high-energy laser facilities, providing a prediction time of 1.3 ms.
Robust Monolithic Meta-Optics for High-Power Laser Beam Shaping from Near-UV to Near-IR
Authors: Silva Oliveira M. B. , Claveria P. San Miguel , Estrela P. , Araújo P. D. R. , Fajardo M. , Piccardo M.
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate monolithic fused silica metasurfaces enabling high-power laser beam shaping, offering robustness and unprecedented control at the single nanopillar level. They withstand extreme power densities, promising advancements in high-power structured laser-matter interactions.
104Hz Linewidth, Self-Injection Locked, Chip Scale NIR Laser
Authors: Madaras Scott E. , Starbuck Andrew L. , Trotter Douglas C. , Pomerene Andrew , Friedmann Tomas A. , Boady Matthew S. , Martinez William M. , Otterstrom Nils T. , Chow Weng W. , Skogen Erik J. , Gehl Michael R.
Published: September 2024

Self-injection locking is induced via low-loss Si3N4 ring coupled to a III/V DBR laser, achieving intrinsic linewidths of 103.8Hz. The injection locked laser shows 3 orders of magnitude improvement in linewidth versus the free running state.
Stable Unidirectional Two-way Radio Frequency Transfer over 185 km Outdoor Optical Cable Based on Dual-PLL
Authors: Cheng Jiahui , Gao Hao , Qiao Yaojun , Zhao Zhuoze , Luo Bin , Yu Song
Published: September 2024

We design a novel phase-locked loop and demonstrate stable unidirectional two-way radio frequency transfer over 185 km outdoor optical cable based on dual-PLL. The fractional frequency stability of the received signal approaches 1.18 × 10
−
14@1 s and 1.63 × 10
−
15@10000 s.
Net gain bandwidth broadening in Yb:CaAlYO4 amplifiers: a prospect for 20-100 fs multi-mJ laser pulses
Authors: Petrov Lyuben S. , Velkov Dimitar , Georgiev Kaloyan , Georgiev Stefan , Trifonov Anton , Xu Xiaodong , Popmintchev Tenio , Buchvarov Ivan
Published: September 2024

Implementing net gain bandwidth broadening effect in a Yb:CaYAlO4 CPA-laser, we demonstrate 97 fs pulses with 2.7 mJ energy, 1 kHz at 1038 nm, and a robust, scalable nonlinear post-compression to 58 fs pulse durations.
A Metasurface-integrated Vertical Cavity Surface-emitting Laser Based on Dammam Grating
Authors: Zhao Xiaorui , Fu Pan , Wu Bo , Xie Yiyang
Published: September 2024

We integrates the function of Damman gratings into the VCSEL by utilizing the metasurface as the mediue. It enables a 5×5 lattice at a field of view angle of 22° with contrast ratios of 0.315.
Over39 GHz-Bandwidth of Directly Modulated 1060 nm Single-Mode VCSEL with Intra-cavity Metal-aperture
Authors: Padullaparthi Babu Dayal , Gu Xiaodong , Shinada Satoshi , Koyama Fumio
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate a 1060nm single-mode metal-aperture VCSEL with 8x InGaAs/GaAsP quantum wells having single-mode operation of SMSR>50dB and record high >39GHz bandwidth, enabling 100Gbps PAM-4 BTB and 50Gbps NRZ 2km SMF transmissions.
> 1 MW Peak Power at 1300 nm through Efficient Fiber Parametric Chirp-Matched Amplification
Authors: Tirumala Sarat , Guo Zhenhua , Renninger William H.
Published: September 2024

Efficient fiber parametric amplification of ultrashort pulses is achieved at 1300 nm by tailoring the relative chirp between passively synchronized pump and seed sources. 180-fs pulses with >1-MW peak power are observed, in agreement with numerical predictions.
Perovskite nickelate thin film devices as adaptive weights for photonic computing networks
Authors: Park Tae Joon , Idjadi Mohamad Hossein , Ashtiani Farshid , Wan Chenghao , Kats Mikhail A. , Ramanathan Shriram
Published: September 2024

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sputtering of strongly correlated perovskite nickelate thin films are emerging fields for wafer-scale demonstration of quantum technologies. Functional properties of such oxide quantum materials for proof-of-principle non-Von Neumann photonic computing networks are reported.
All-Optical Recurrent Neural Network Using Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics
Authors: Li Gordon H.Y. , Leefmans Christian R. , Williams James , Englebert Nicolas , Parto Midya , Marandi Alireza
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate an end-to-end all-optical recurrent neural net-work utilizing short laser pulses and ultrafast χ(2) nonlinear optics to unlock unprecedented computational clock rates and massively parallel information processing for time-series classification and prediction tasks.
Vicinity of exceptional point-induced mode-locking in coupled microresonators
Authors: Imamura Riku , Fujii Shun , Nakashima Ayata , Tanabe Takasumi
Published: September 2024

A coupled-cavity system with gain and loss enables mode-locking without natural saturable absorbers. Our theoretical and numerical findings demonstrate significant modulation in system Q near the exceptional point (EP), even with minor refractive index changes and minimal Kerr effect involvement.
Ultra-high-Q Integrated Flame Hydrolysis Deposited Germano-silica Resonators on Silicon
Authors: Chen Hao-Jing , Colburn Kellan , Liu Jin-Yu , Wu Lue , Moog Bruno , Holmes Christopher , Gates James , Blauvelt Henry , Vahala Kerry
Published: September 2024

Flame hydrolysis deposition is used to create integrated optical resonators with Q factors greater than 100 million. Absorption-limited Q factors up to 440 million are measured.
Widely separated tunable optical parametric oscillation in GaN microresonators
Authors: He Zhaoqin , Sun Changzheng , Xiong Bing , Wang Jian , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Lai , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Gan Lin , Luo Yi
Published: September 2024

Widely separated tunable optical parametric oscillation (OPO) is demonstrated in GaN microresonators with specially designed waveguide for phase-matching. OPO frequency separation up to 96.6 THz with a tuning range of 20 THz is recorded.
Inverse Designed Silicon Nitride Photonic Linear Microresonators
Authors: Bi Toby , Zhang Shuangyou , Ghosh Alekhya , Zhang Yaojing , Ohletz Olga , Harder Irina , Yang Kiyoul , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: September 2024

We fabricate and characterize silicon nitride microresonators formed between pairs of inverse-designed integrated photonic mirrors. These type of Fabry-Pérot cavities can be used for nonlinear optics and Kerr soliton generation in dispersion engineered resonators.
High Power Parabolic Pulse Amplification of Femtosecond Optical Vortex Beams from a Few-mode Fiber Amplifier
Authors: Wang Shan , Zhuang Ziheng , Luo Weijia , Lin Di , Zhang Cong , Xiang Meng , Li Jianping , Fu Songnian , Qin Yuwen
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate the amplification of optical vortex pulses from an Yb-doped fiber amplifier, achieving 33W average output power with 1.4µJ pulse energy that can be compressed to 245fs with a peak power of 5MW.
Sub-kHz-linewidth self-injection locked distributed feedback fiber laser using a weak fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Zou Meng , Dai Yuze , Xiao Xiangpeng , Zhao Weiliang , Shen Kai , Sun Qizhen , Zhao Luming , Yan Zhijun
Published: September 2024

We present a compact sub-kHz-linewidth fiber laser with a weak FBG injection, which the laser has around 300 Hz linewidth. And the phase noise is suppressed by 20 dB and the relative intensity noise is reduced to -120 dB/Hz.
Low-Loss Aluminum Nitride Waveguides in a 300 mm CMOS Foundry Process
Authors: Rizzo Anthony , Thornton Eric , Vo Tuan , Carpenter Lewis G. , Kar Soumen , Leake Gerald , Smith A. Matthew , Tison Christopher , Coleman Daniel , Preble Stefan , Fanto Michael
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate low-loss aluminum nitride waveguides fabricated using a standard silicon photonics process flow in a CMOS foundry. The material’s wide transparency and χ(2) nonlinearity can extend silicon photonics to novel visible wavelength applications.
Wafer-Scale Processing of Ultra-Low-Loss Gallium Phosphide Integrated Photonics
Authors: Nardi Alberto , Hernandez Javier Naya , Indolese David I. , Möhl Charles , Caimi Daniele , Sousa Maryline , Kuznetsov Nikolai , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Seidler Paul
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate wafer-scale processing of integrated photonic circuits made of gallium phosphide, with propagation losses in waveguides as low as 0.40 dB/cm, and establish new record-high quality factors with resonators on this material platform.
Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector Arrays for Mid-Infrared Applications
Authors: Hampel Benedikt , Mirin Richard P. , Nam Sae Woo , Verma Varun B.
Published: September 2024

We present current progress towards single-photon imagers based on superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) optimized for mid-infrared photons up to a wavelength of 10 µm for applications in astronomy and chemistry.
Record-High 10.3 W Average Power at 3.1 µm From a Synchronously-Pumped OPO
Authors: Pecile Vito F. , Leskowschek Michael , Modsching Norbert , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas , Heckl Oliver H.
Published: September 2024

We investigate power scaling with a signal singly-resonant OPO pumped with a 125 MHz Yb:fiber CPA. We achieve an average power of 10.3 W at 3.1 µm with a free-running power stability of 0.84%.
Reducing Frequency Noise in Dark-Pulse Kerr Combs
Authors: Karunakaran Anamika nair , Manetta Angelo , Varming Poul , Pu Minhao , Company Victor Torres , Yvind Kresten , Montague Patrick
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the impact of pump-resonance detuning on various soliton properties in dual ring microresonators. Bandwidth, conversion efficiency, repetition frequency, spectral envelope and comb line noise are characterised and low noise states are identified.
Novel Electro-Optic Modulation via PT Symmetry Breaking on a Hybrid Silicon Oxynitride on Lithium Niobate Platform
Authors: Chaitanya Shriddha , Datta Ipshita , Rodrigues Janderson , Lipson Michal
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate a new electro-optic modulator via PT symmetry breaking on a hybrid silicon oxynitride on lithium niobate platform. We show an EO efficiency of 1.56 pm/V at a low propagation loss of < 0.2 dB.
Nanophotonic spectral translation of electro-optic frequency combs
Authors: Long David A. , Stone Jordan R. , Sun Yi , Westly Daron , Srinivasan Kartik
Published: September 2024

Here we show that an electro-optic frequency comb can be used as the pump laser in a nanophotonic optical parametric oscillator, allowing for efficient and accurate spectral translation through much of the visible and near-infrared.
Experimental Demonstration of Longitudinally Tailored Dynamic Motion of a Spatiotemporal Wave Packet
Authors: Wang Yingning , Su Xinzhou , Zeng Ruoyu , Jiang Zile , Zhou Huibin , Alhaddad Abdulrahman , Ko Wing , Duan Yuxiang , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Zuo Yue , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate a longitudinally controllable STWP with dynamic rotation. Measurement shows the generated packet rotates counterclockwise with a 4.8-ps period at 0.05 m and clockwise with a 2.4-ps period at 0.15 m.
Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in a Dual-pumped Silicon Nitride Kerr Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Shen Yichen , Sridhar Sashank K. , Moille Grégory , Shaikh Fahad A. , Srinivasan Kartik , Dutt Avik
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate spectral phase transitions in dual-pumped Si3N4 nanophotonic Kerr optical parametric oscillators with anomalous dispersion. Through pump-power modulation, we observe real-time switching between a near-degenerate signal (0-FSR separation) and non-degenerate signals (4-FSR separation).
Towards Multi-Pbps Backbone Optical Networks in Support of Future 6G Networks
Authors: Tomkos I. , Papapavlou Ch. , Uzunidis D. , Moschopoulos K. , Muñoz R. , Marom D. M. , Nazarathy M.
Published: September 2024

We describe innovative concepts associated with optical switching nodes and their transceiver interfaces that enable energy-efficient flexible capacity scaling (≥10 Tb/s per interface, ≥1 Pb/s capacity per link and ≥10 Pb/s throughput per node).
Approaching Theoretical Performance of 6G Distributed MIMO with Optical Analog Fronthaul
Authors: Puerta Rafael , Ostrovskis Armands , Rubuls Kristaps , Pittalà Fabio , Gruen Markus , Louchet Hadrien , Joharifar Mahdieh , Djupsjöbacka Anders , Schatz Richard , Salgals Toms , Spolitis Sandis , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Ozolins Oskars , Pang Xiaodan
Published: September 2024

We experimentally validate coherent joint transmission (CJT) in a D-MIMO system with four transmitters using analog fronthaul and RoF links, fulfilling CJT stringent synchronization requirements. MIMO gains close to theoretical values are demonstrated.
Joint-design of ultra high resolution vibration sensing and optical heterodyne mm-wave RoF
Authors: Wang Jingchuan , Lu Liwang , Yan Yaxi , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Lu Chao
Published: September 2024

We for the first time demonstrate simultaneous 0.5 m resolution distributed acoustic sensing and optical heterodyne dual polarization 16 Gb/s 16QAM 56 GHz mm-wave RoF front-haul communication over 10 km fiber by using linear frequency modulated subcarriers.
High Performance Waveguide Integrated Tellurium-based Mid-Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Ma Hui , Wu Jianghong , Lin Shuo , Wang Yunpeng , Li Lan , Lin Hongtao
Published: September 2024

Tellurium is a promising van der Waals material for high performance MIR detection due to its excellent properties. Large-bandwidth and low-noise tellurium-based mid-infrared detectors are achieved, promising future applications in sensing and optical communications.
Ultra-Wide FSR Vertical-Junction Microdisk Modulator With Efficient External Heater
Authors: Cullen Michael , Novick Asher , Wang Songli , Gopal Vignesh , Rizzo Anthony , Parsons Robert , Bergman Keren
Published: September 2024

We describe a wide-FSR vertical-junction microdisk modulator design (radius=2µm) featuring an efficient, external half-height doped-silicon heater that affords aggressive size reductions. We measure FSR=58.6 nm and demonstrate data transmission at 16 Gb/s.
High-Performance Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Modulator with Low-k Underfill for over 110 GHz Electro-Optic Response
Authors: Liu Hao , He Yutong , Xiong Bing , Sun Changzheng , Hao Zhibiao , Wang Lai , Wang Jian , Han Yanjun , Li Hongtao , Gan Lin , Luo Yi
Published: September 2024

A thin-film lithium niobate modulator featuring low-k underfill is experimentally demonstrated. The 7-mm-long device exhibits a low half-wave voltage of 2 V and only 1.2 dB electro-optic roll-off up to 110 GHz.
Sb3+ dopant triggered highly efficient emission in zero-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides
Authors: Wang Yuzhen , Sun Yongsheng , Jin Jiance , Xia Zhiguo
Published: September 2024

Hybrid luminescent metal halides have attracted considerable attention for their structural diversity and versatility in photonic applications. Herein, we fabricate Sb3+ doped organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides (DMA)2CsInCl6 (DMA = [CH3NH2CH3]+) single crystal. Under ultraviolet light excitation, the crystals yield bright green emission at 550 nm with near-unity photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY), which is attributed to the strong electronegativity and ns2 lone pairs of Sb3+ dopants. Given the slender rod-shaped semblance, bright green emission, near-unity PLQY, and large Stokes shift, Sb3+-doped (DMA)2CsInCl6 allows the potential optical waveguide applications.
High-dimensional quantum key distribution using orbital angular momentum of single photons from a colloidal quantum dot at room temperature
Authors: Halevi Dotan , Lubotzky Boaz , Sulimany Kfir , Bowes Eric G. , Hollingsworth Jennifer A. , Bromberg Yaron , Rapaport Ronen
Published: September 2024

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HDQKD) is a promising avenue to address the inherent limitations of basic quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. However, experimental realizations of HDQKD to date have relied on indeterministic photon sources that limit the achievable key rate. In this paper, we demonstrate a full emulation of a HDQKD system using a single colloidal giant quantum dot (gQD) as a deterministic, compact, and room-temperature single-photon source (SPS). We demonstrate a practical protocol by encoding information in a high-dimensional space (d = 3) of the orbital angular momentum of the photons. Our experimental configuration incorporates two spatial light modulators for encoding and decoding the spatial information carried by individual photons. Our experimental demonstration establishes the feasibility of utilizing high radiative quantum yield gQDs as practical SPSs for HDQKD. We also experimentally demonstrate surpassing the traditional d = 2 QKD capacity with comparable error rates, indicating a significant improvement in performance while maintaining reliability.
Centrosome amplification primes ovarian cancer cells for apoptosis and potentiates the response to chemotherapy
Authors: Edwards Frances , Fantozzi Giulia , Simon Anthony Y. , Morretton Jean-Philippe , Herbette Aurelie , Tijhuis Andrea E. , Wardenaar Rene , Foulane Stacy , Gemble Simon , Spierings Diana C.J. , Foijer Floris , Mariani Odette , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Roman-Roman Sergio , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Goundiam Oumou , Basto Renata
Published: September 2024

Centrosome amplification is a feature of cancer cells associated with chromosome instability and invasiveness. Enhancing chromosome instability and subsequent cancer cell death via centrosome unclustering and multipolar divisions is an aimed-for therapeutic approach. Here, we show that centrosome amplification potentiates responses to conventional chemotherapy in addition to its effect on multipolar divisions and chromosome instability. We perform single-cell live imaging of chemotherapy responses in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and observe increased cell death when centrosome amplification is induced. By correlating cell fate with mitotic behaviors, we show that enhanced cell death can occur independently of chromosome instability. We identify that cells with centrosome amplification are primed for apoptosis. We show they are dependent on the apoptotic inhibitor BCL-XL and that this is not a consequence of mitotic stresses associated with centrosome amplification. Given the multiple mechanisms that promote chemotherapy responses in cells with centrosome amplification, we assess such a relationship in an epithelial ovarian cancer patient cohort. We show that high centrosome numbers associate with improved treatment responses and longer overall survival. Our work identifies apoptotic priming as a clinically relevant consequence of centrosome amplification, expanding our understanding of this pleiotropic cancer cell feature.
Unveiling inter-embryo variability in spindle length over time: Towards quantitative phenotype analysis
Authors: Le Cunff Yann , Chesneau Laurent , Pastezeur Sylvain , Pinson Xavier , Soler Nina , Fairbrass Danielle , Mercat Benjamin , Rodriguez-Garcia Ruddi , Alayan Zahraa , Abdouni Ahmed , de Neidhardt Gary , Costes Valentin , Anjubault Mélodie , Bouvrais Hélène , Héligon Christophe , Pécréaux Jacques
Published: September 2024

How can inter-individual variability be quantified? Measuring many features per experiment raises the question of choosing them to recapitulate high-dimensional data. Tackling this challenge on spindle elongation phenotypes, we showed that only three typical elongation patterns describe spindle elongation in C. elegans one-cell embryo. These archetypes, automatically extracted from the experimental data using principal component analysis (PCA), accounted for more than 95% of inter-individual variability of more than 1600 experiments across more than 100 different conditions. The two first archetypes were related to spindle average length and anaphasic elongation rate. The third archetype, accounting for 6% of the variability, was novel and corresponded to a transient spindle shortening in late metaphase, reminiscent of kinetochore function-defect phenotypes. Importantly, these three archetypes were robust to the choice of the dataset and were found even considering only non-treated conditions. Thus, the inter-individual differences between genetically perturbed embryos have the same underlying nature as natural inter-individual differences between wild-type embryos, independently of the temperatures. We thus propose that beyond the apparent complexity of the spindle, only three independent mechanisms account for spindle elongation, weighted differently in the various conditions. Interestingly, the spindle-length archetypes covered both metaphase and anaphase, suggesting that spindle elongation in late metaphase is sufficient to predict the late anaphase length. We validated this idea using a machine-learning approach. Finally, given amounts of these three archetypes could represent a quantitative phenotype. To take advantage of this, we set out to predict interacting genes from a seed based on the PCA coefficients. We exemplified this firstly on the role of tpxl-1 whose homolog tpx2 is involved in spindle microtubule branching, secondly the mechanism regulating metaphase length, and thirdly the central spindle players which set the length at anaphase. We found novel interactors not in public databases but supported by recent experimental publications.
Ten simple rules for scientific code review
Authors: Rokem Ariel
Published: September 2024

As large, high-dimensional data have become more common, software development is playing an increasingly important role in research across many different fields. This creates a need to adopt software engineering practices in research settings. Code review is the engineering practice of giving and receiving detailed feedback on a computer program. Consistent and continuous examination of the evolution of computer programs by others has been shown to be beneficial, especially when reviewers are familiar with the technical aspects of the software and also when they possess relevant domain expertise. The rules described in the present article provide information about the why, when, and how of code review. They provide the motivation for continual code reviews as a natural part of a rigorous research program. They provide practical guidelines for conducting review of code both in person, as a “lab meeting for code,” as well as asynchronously, using industry-standard online tools. A set of guidelines is provided for the nitty-gritty details of code review, as well as for the etiquette of such a review. Both the technical and the social aspects of code review are covered to provide the reader with a comprehensive approach that facilitates an effective, enjoyable, and educational approach to code review.
A Physics-Informed Neural Network approach for compartmental epidemiological models
Authors: Millevoi Caterina , Pasetto Damiano , Ferronato Massimiliano
Published: September 2024

Compartmental models provide simple and efficient tools to analyze the relevant transmission processes during an outbreak, to produce short-term forecasts or transmission scenarios, and to assess the impact of vaccination campaigns. However, their calibration is not straightforward, since many factors contribute to the rapid change of the transmission dynamics. For example, there might be changes in the individual awareness, the imposition of non-pharmacological interventions and the emergence of new variants. As a consequence, model parameters such as the transmission rate are doomed to vary in time, making their assessment more challenging. Here, we propose to use Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to track the temporal changes in the model parameters and the state variables. PINNs recently gained attention in many engineering applications thanks to their ability to consider both the information from data (typically uncertain) and the governing equations of the system. The ability of PINNs to identify unknown model parameters makes them particularly suitable to solve ill-posed inverse problems, such as those arising in the application of epidemiological models. Here, we develop a reduced-split approach for the implementation of PINNs to estimate the temporal changes in the state variables and transmission rate of an epidemic based on the SIR model equation and infectious data. The main idea is to split the training first on the epidemiological data, and then on the residual of the system equations. The proposed method is applied to five synthetic test cases and two real scenarios reproducing the first months of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the split implementation of PINNs outperforms the joint approach in terms of accuracy (up to one order of magnitude) and computational times (speed up of 20%). Finally, we illustrate that the proposed PINN-method can also be adopted to produced short-term forecasts of the dynamics of an epidemic.
Pleiotropic effects of PAB1 deletion: Extensive changes in the yeast proteome, transcriptome, and translatome
Authors: Mangkalaphiban Kotchaphorn , Ganesan Robin , Jacobson Allan
Published: September 2024

Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC; Pab1 in yeast) is thought to be involved in multiple steps of post-transcriptional control, including translation initiation, translation termination, and mRNA decay. To understand both the direct and indirect roles of PABPC in more detail, we have employed mass spectrometry to assess the abundance of the components of the yeast proteome, as well as RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq to analyze changes in the abundance and translation of the yeast transcriptome, in cells lacking the PAB1 gene. We find that pab1Δ cells manifest drastic changes in the proteome and transcriptome, as well as defects in translation initiation and termination. Defects in translation initiation and the stabilization of specific classes of mRNAs in pab1Δ cells appear to be partly indirect consequences of reduced levels of specific initiation factors, decapping activators, and components of the deadenylation complex in addition to the general loss of Pab1’s direct role in these processes. Cells devoid of Pab1 also manifested a nonsense codon readthrough phenotype indicative of a defect in translation termination. Collectively, our results indicate that, unlike the loss of simpler regulatory proteins, elimination of cellular Pab1 is profoundly pleiotropic and disruptive to numerous aspects of post-transcriptional regulation.
Risk of visual impairment according to the comorbidity of systemic and ocular diseases
Authors: Choi Juwon , Choi Youn Joo , Kim Kyoung Lae , Kim Yong-Kyu , Park Sung Pyo , Na Kyeong Ik
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To investigate the risk of visual impairment (VI) based on the presence or absence of four diseases: hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods

This retrospective population-based study included 1,000,000 randomly selected participants from the National Health Checkup Program database between 2015 and 2016. VI was defined as a presenting visual acuity ≤ 0.5 in the better eye. The participants were divided into 12 groups according to the presence or absence of disease. Adjusting for age and sex, the risk of VI in each disease group was analyzed and compared with the others.

Results

Among the 1,000,000 participants, 88,931 (8.89%) had VI. The odds ratios (ORs) of age, male sex, HTN, DM, glaucoma, and DR for VI were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.05–1.06), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.52–0.53), 1.11 (95% CI, 1.09–1.13), 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05–1.09), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.90–0.74), and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.25–1.34), respectively (all P < 0.001). The group with HTN, DM, glaucoma, and DR had the highest OR of 1.98 (P < 0.001) compared to the healthy group. HTN, DM, and DR were positively correlated with VI in all groups. Glaucoma was positively correlated in the group with DM and DR and in the group with HTN, DM, and DR (ORs 1.18, 1.11, all P < 0.05); however, it demonstrated a negative correlation in the other groups (ORs 0.85–0.93, all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

HTN, DM, and DR, either alone or in combination, increase the risk of VI. Glaucoma also increases the risk when combined with DR; however, it has a negative correlation with VI in the absence of DR. Periodic ophthalmologic examinations for glaucoma, which primarily affects the peripheral visual field and not central visual acuity, might help prevent VI caused by other diseases.
Toward an equitable transportation electrification plan: Measuring public electric vehicle charging station access disparities in Austin, Texas
Authors: Jiao Junfeng , Choi Seung Jun , Nguyen Chris
Published: September 2024

The deployment of public electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is a critical component of transportation electrification. Recent studies have highlighted growing concerns about disparities in accessibility to public chargers between different demographic groups. This research expands ongoing equity concerns by contextualizing existing transportation equity discourse and analyzing public charger access disparities in Austin, Texas. Using threshold equity toolkits, we investigated public EVCS access disparity across different races and income groups. We conducted a generalized additive model regression to measure and visualize the effects of possible determinants on public EVCS access. The analysis results revealed that a public EVCS access disparity exists in Austin, with most chargers being installed in areas where the majority of the population is Non-Hispanic White. There was a more equal distribution of public EVCSs across income quartiles when compared with race. However, middle- and high-income groups had better access than lower-income communities in terms of distance to the nearest public EVCSs. Our regression analysis found that regional and socio-demographic factors, such as race and income, have a statistically significant impact on public charger access. The regression analysis also revealed that Austin’s current public EVCS deployment seems to favor communities above the poverty level and with higher numbers of registered electric vehicles. Local policymakers should reflect on the findings of this study to develop an equitable transportation electrification plan. Federal environmental justice plans such as the Justice40 initiative can benefit from incorporating more local contexts to better invest in disadvantaged communities.
Trends of primary liver cancer incidence and mortality in the United States: A population-based study over the last four decades
Authors: Adra Saryia , Alabrach Yousef , Hashem Anas , Mahmoud Amir , Khalouf Amani , El-khapery Ahmed , Abdelhay Ali , Mansour Mohamad , Aldaher Batool , Barqawi Hiba , Abu-Gharbieh Eman
Published: September 2024

Background

Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and has one of the worst 5-year survival rates. This study examines US primary liver cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality trends over four decades.

Research design and methods

The SEER-9 registry was used to study primary liver cancer cases from 1978 to 2018. The incidence and mortality rates were calculated based on gender, age, race, and stage of diagnosis. Joinpoint regression software was used to calculate the annual percent change.

Results

The overall incidence rate of primary liver cancer from 1978 to 2018 increased by 2.71%/year (p<0.001). Rates in patients <50 years old began to fall in 2002 at a rate of -3.62%/year (p<0.001). Similarly, the incidence-based mortality rates for primary liver cancer increased by 2.15%/year (p<0.001). Whereas Whites incidence-based mortality rates began to plateau in 2012 (0.18%/year; p = 0.84), Blacks rates have declined since 2010 (-2.93%/year; p = 0.03), and Asian rates have declined since 1999 (-1.30%/year; p<0.001).

Conclusion

While the overall primary liver cancer incidence and incidence-based mortality have been increasing over the last four decades, there was an observed decline in incidence and incidence-based mortality in recent years, especially among at-risk subgroups.