bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Morality of Harlotry in Kurinjithinai
Authors: A Balakrishnan
Published: December 2022

The Sangam literature depicts the life of the ancient people. Ancient Tamil literature describes how the people lived an Akam and Puram life. Through these, the high culture of the time can be understood. The place of human beings in Sangam literature is immense. The notable among them are the harlots. The role of harlots in the lives of the ancient Tamils can be seen in the literature. The Sangam Akam literature speaks extensively of the harlotry discipline. It cannot be avoided that they find a place among the supporting characters of Sangam literature. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to highlight their role in literature from a dialectical point of view.
The Life of the Panar in the Purananooru
Authors: I Mariyaselvi
Published: December 2022

There were various artists during the Sangam literature period. Among them, the performers, the Panars, occupy a particular place. The Panars are of various kinds based on the musical instrument they play and according to the context in which they sing. This study is to study their lives and habits. This study examines the condition in which the Panars who lived in the clutches of poverty did not enjoy the rewards they had received themselves, but by giving them to people like him and comforting them. The Sangam age, which is revered as the Veera Yuga (Heroic Age), and the literature created during that period, are the cultural symbols of the Tamils and the historical treasures. The Sangam literature consists of Koothu artists including Panar, Kodiyar, Vayiriyar, Koothar, Thunangaiyar, Viraliyar, Koothiyar, Padini, Aadumakal, Paadumakal, Pattisai Kalaignars, and the artists who play musical instruments and dancers. Among the Sangam literary performers, the Panars are projected by the majority of the poets. The word Panar has been widely studied in Sangam literature. It comes in twenty-six places in the Purananooru alone. This article examines the life of the Panars in the Purananooru.
The Life of the People of Kurinji land as shown in the Novel ‘Kurinjitthen’
Authors: G Ramu
Published: December 2022

The world in which human beings live is made up of five kinds of lands. Tholkappiyar would divide the lands into Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal, and Palai. Tolkappiyar has divided the lands into Muthal Porul (Primary Object), Uripporul (The Theme), and Karupporul (The Epithet). Whatever the subject matter of the literature of this period, it is based on these five kinds of lands. Human society is made up of different ethnic groups. Among them is the novel 'Kurinjitthen' which talks about the Badagas tribe. Kurinji land is a hilly and hills surrounded place. The novel 'Kurinjitthen' depicts the life of the Badagas living in the Nilgiri hills. Through the novel 'Kurinchithen', the novel explores all aspects of the life of the Badagas, such as Hethai, the revered deity worshipped by the Badugas, the rules followed by them to protect the fire, the form of light, the methods of performing the 'Hone (Bamboo Vessel to collect milk)' ritual, and the condition of the women of the Badagas tribe.
Fanaticism in Sangam Literature Worship of Lord Muruga
Authors: G Latha
Published: December 2022

The place where people originated and where life began is considered Kurinji land. This is the land that Lord Muruga took as his place. He made the spear a weapon and the image of the rooster a flag. Fanaticism is one of the oldest in the worship of Lord Muruga found in Tamil literature. It may be said to have originated on the basis of social collective life. It can also be said that this worship originated from the worship of Lord Muruga in Tamil Nadu. Though there are no idols in this worship, it can be said that it was worshipped with 'Velayudham (Spear)', the symbol of Lord Muruga. The tribal people, with the help of Lord Velan alias Murugavel in the family, have performed a veriyaattu ceremony (Fanaticism) to resolve the relationship between the mother and daughter. The purpose of this article is to examine it.
Kollimalai Masi Periyannasamy – Prayers and Offerings
Authors: R Sambathkumar
Published: December 2022

Masi Periyannasamy is known as the village guardian deity located in Kollimalai Masi hills in Namakkal district. The structure of temple is built under a roof covered with grass. It has a lion as its vehicle. This temple at Masi hills is considered to be the original temple. It is said that Masi Periyannan Swamy temples have been constructed at Namakkal and Trichy by taking soil from this temple. The little deity is associated with folklore and dialects. This idolatry began to worship human beings in order to continuously exchange the memory of the ancestors who lived with them among the progeny and to worship them in the hope that they might help them in some way or the other. While prayer and offering obeisance are fundamental to these two forms of worship, it is different in terms of Saivism and Non-vegetarianism. In the form of minor deity worship, worship is mostly non-vegetarian. There is no sacrifice in the worship of the great deity. But it assumes significance in the worship of the minor deities. However, there is also a tendency for people who are overly believers in the worship of the deity to associate the minor deity with the deities like Shiva and Thirumal. But it does not have long-standing legends. Associated with folk tales, they see Shiva as the form and the incarnation of Thirumal. In this system, nowadays there is a tendency for people to see Kollimalai Masi Periyannasamy, a small deity, as an incarnation of Thirumal. In this article, the methods of worship performed to Masi Periyannasamy are dealt with.
The Family Structure in Puranaanooru
Authors: R Jaisankar
Published: December 2022

A closer examination of the ancient Tamil literature reveals that the ancient Tamils lived as an ethnic society and later became small kingdoms and empires and became sovereign societies. In this article, the family in the Sangam literature purananooru and their respective structural structures have been described by the poets Ponmudiyar, Oreruzhavar, Perungundroorkizhar, Pandian Arivudaiyanambi, Pandiya Nedunchezhiyan, Perunchithiranar, Kapilar, Paranar, and Arisilkizhar. Moreover, the above poets have pointed out the sense of duty of the family members in the progress of human life.
Oral Customs of Javvaadhumalai Malayalis
Authors: P Suresh
Published: December 2022

Tamil Nadu consists of the Eastern and Western Ghats. There are thirty-six tribal people living in these hills including "Adiyaan, Aranaadan, Eravaalan, Irular, Oorali, and Kaniyan." The Eastern Ghats have Javvaadhumalai, Yelagirimalai, Kalvarayanmalai, Servarayanmalai, Chitherimalai, Pachaimalai, Paalamalai, Vattalmalai, Neyyaamalai, Jarugumalai, Parukkurmalai, Kaalimalai, Kadakadalai, and Kollimalai hills. The divisions of the population living in the Western Ghats cannot be seen in these hills. The hills are mainly inhabited by Malayali tribes. The life of these javvaadhu hill people is a simple life. They are also preserving the arts according to the environment in which they live. The oral literature in their case helps to know the life and culture of the hill people.
Ethnographic Aspects of Nanjil Nadu People in Jayanmohan’s Works
Authors: B Nagajothi
Published: December 2022

Ethnography sums up elements of a particular community and people, such as culture, customs, habitation, the geography of the area where they live, water, land, animals, plants, caste hierarchies, power systems, etc. Jayamohan is a well-known author in the Tamil and Malayalam literary worlds. He made the legends, old traditional stories, and myths of India re-read by the readers. He was born into a Malayali Nair family, and Malayalam became his mother tongue. He became well acquainted with the Tamil language because he studied and worked in Tamil Nadu. He started publishing works in both languages. It is only natural that the people of Nanjil Nadu, where he lived, found a place in his works. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the soil, water, forest, animals, plants, people, and their culture on the basis of the ethnography of Nanjil Nadu, which is included in the works of the creator, Jayamohan.
The Role of Music in the Saiva and Christian Religious Communities
Authors: M Selvakumar
Published: December 2022

Music is the art of organizing sounds at the right time through melody, harmony, rhythm, and characteristics of the specific sound of instruments. If this is to be understood by ordinary people in general, the sound in the ears is a force that penetrates the heart through our pulses and veins and causes the subconscious mind to meditate. How has such music been used in devotion, how has it been used, how is it used, and what are the changes that have taken place due to them, even though it can be seen in many dimensions? What is the role of music in all non-religious communities? In particular, this article will be a study of the role of music in the Saiva and Christian communities and the benefits of the community.
Worship of Chandesura Nayanar
Authors: S Aruna
Published: December 2022

Although human society is divided due to various reasons, it is only in God that all are united. We know that God is always present in the hearts of those who have peace of mind and purity of mind. Some devotees are submissive to the Lord in love and affection. There are some other devotees of God who are endowed with love and morality and punish those who disturb their devotees with anger and express their devotion to The Lord. Similarly, in Periyapuranam, Chandesura Nayanar punished his father for causing harm to the Lord. In appreciation of that the Lord blessed him with final emancipation and made the world aware of the glories of Chandesura Nayanar. The characteristic of this article is to highlight the methods of worship Nayanars followed.
Monocyte distribution width in the detection of sepsis and prediction of mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Soo Ki Yang , Ramly Nur Fariza , Md Ralib Azrina , Liew Jerry Ee Siung , Talib Norlelawati A. , Mat Nor Mohd Basri
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Sepsis is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Delayed recognition of sepsis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Monocyte distribution width (MDW) represents the width of a set of monocyte volume values, which increases as infections progress in severity. This study evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of MDW and white cell count (WCC) for sepsis and mortality.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 100 patients who were grouped into sepsis and non-sepsis according to the Sepsis-3 definition. MDW and WCC were collected on admission to ICU and for the subsequent 3 days.
Results: On admission, MDW was diagnostic of sepsis with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.7–0.94) with a cut-off threshold of 20.97. Serial MDW on days 1 and 2 were also shown to be predictive of sepsis. MDW has a high sensitivity of 92.1% (95% CI, 82.4–97.4%) but a specificity of only 68.8% (95% CI, 50.0– 83.9%). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MDW using the new cut-off threshold in this study were found to be 83.6% (95% CI, 73–91.2 %) and 81.5% (95% CI, 61.9–93.7%), respectively.
Conclusions: MDW is an effective screening tool in the detection of sepsis upon admission to the ICU. As part of the differential in some complete blood count analysis machines, MDW provides a cost-effective and widely available test at present. Early detection of sepsis allows initiation of sepsis care bundle and better clinical outcomes.
Continuous spinal anaesthesia, an underutilised neuraxial technique in current anaesthesia practice: a timely reminder
Authors: Ong E Theen , Ng Hui Ping , Abd Ghani Muhamad Rasydan , Wong Shee Ven
Published: December 2022

Continuous spinal anaesthesia (CSA) is a cardio-stable technique used in high-risk patients undergoing surgery. However, this technique appeared to decline over the last decades due concerns of complications that arise from using this technique, such as post-dural puncture headaches and neurological deficits. We report two cases of elderly patients, one at high cardiac risk and one with dementia and multiple comorbidities, under CSA for orthopaedic surgery with no reported complications. CSA is an adequeate anaesthetic technique with a low failure rate and complications. Proper technique should be taken into consideration to increase the success rate for this procedure.
GAIT FACILITATION PROGRAM USING A HORIZONTAL BICYCLE BUILT AND DESIGNED TO MONITOR KINETIC CHAIN PARAMETERS – CASE STUDY
Authors: Murgoci Nicolae , Mereuță Claudiu , Ganea Daniel
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Pedaling therapy is defined as a plan of physical activity prescribed to facilitate rehabilitation from immobilizing diseases and any conditions that disrupt the movement and activity of daily life or maintain well-being through neuro-reeducation, gait training, and therapeutic activities. Material and method. It was addressed in a case study of a 40 years female patient who presented with a physiotherapy indication for gait rehabilitation from the specialist physician after immobilization in plasterboard for four weeks, the postfracture status of the lateral malleolus of the left lower limb fibula. A personalized cycling program was applied for five weeks, period March-April 2022 using a pedaling system designed and built with plantar pressure sensors attached to the pedals to monitor outputs. There was performed gait analysis, joint and muscular testing using goniometry, Borg Cycling Scale for the perception of effort and rehabilitation zone correlations, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain. The patient’s risk chart is based on the bioimpedance parameters for determining the body composition using Zepp Analyzer. Heart rate reserve, as well as heart rate training, was calculated according to Karvonen's formula supervised with Smartwatch Huawei Watch GT 2 during the cycling rehabilitation program. The sensor signals attached to the pedals are converted to analog values for both feet and the force in Newton is measured according to the values transmitted.Results and Conclusions. Rehabilitation treatment consisted of applying to the therapeutic program according to the rehabilitation phases for 5 weeks maintaining a perceptual level of 4/10 Borg (maintaining the resistance zone 2) with progressive intensity from level 3 to 5. After the rehabilitation program, average analog values between the two members were 219/240 - left / right respectively 0.89 / 0.98 N showing an insignificant force difference of 0.09 N in absolute value. The final evaluation of the joint balance by goniometry enhances exceeding the values of the functional-coefficient. Muscle balance registered an optimal value of 5/5 for the left foot. The pulse corresponding to the target range not exceeded 130. The kinetic chain deficit has improved, the muscle testing indicating a range of motion of 53 degrees in the ankle left joint versus 11 degrees after immobilization. Remission of edema after phase I (first week) proved an anti-inflammatory effect. Left foot support on the ground became possible without pain (VAS = 0). The application of the proposed pedaling program using the built horizontal device led to the achievement of the objectives regarding the facilitation of the ambulance, the system is reliable and technically functional.
Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği İçin Balık Davranışlarının Bilgisayarlı Görüntü İşleme Yöntemleriyle İzlenmesi
Authors: TONGUÇ Güray , BALCI Beytullah Ahmet , ARSLAN Muhammed Nurullah
Published: December 2022

Hayvan davranışlarının izlenip, yorumlanarak faydalı bilgiler haline getirilmesi son yıllarda önem kazanan konulardan birisi olmuştur. Makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme algoritmaları gibi yazılımsal gelişmeler, görüntüleme cihazları ve elde edilen görüntülerin işlenmesine imkân tanıyan donanımsal gelişmeler, hayvan davranışlarının izlenmesine altyapı oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle insanlarla sesli veya fiziki etkileşim yeteneği bulunmayan balıkların yaşam alanlarında temassız ve tahribatsız izlenmesi, bu teknolojiler sayesinde mümkün olabilmektedir. Alternatif türlerin yoğun akuakültüre kazandırılmasında karşılaşılan problemlerin başında canlının biyotik ve abiyotik gereksinimlerinin bilinmemesi gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada görüntü işleme yöntemleri ile, balıkların günlük yaşamları, bakımları, beslemeleri, bazı deneysel işlemlerin yapılması, bireysel veya sürü hareketleri, bu hareketlerin izlenmesi için oluşturulmuş donanımsal ve yazılımsal düzenekler ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca, düzeneklerde kullanılan balıklar ve deney prosedürleri, elde edilen görüntülerin işlenme yöntemleri, kullanılan istatistiksel yöntemler ve sonuçlarda ele alınmıştır. Bu makalede, su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği sektörü için kullanılabilecek görüntü işleme alanındaki çalışmalar incelenip sunulmuştur.
Anti-Inflammatory Test Macaranga gigantea with Interleukin Inhibitor approach In Silico
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Nastiti Kunti
Published: December 2022

Inflammation is condition inflammation accompanied by pain and fever . _ In general drug anti-inflammatory work with hinder enzyme cyclooxygenase , both COX-1 and COX-2, which play a role in synthesize inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and thromboxane . Various study developed for look for agent more therapy effective and have more risk low good symptom inflammation I or consequence period long from disease inflammation chronic . One of the approach taken is develop IL1β inhibitors. Method used is compound screening active using in silico. Docking software used in study this is autodock 4.2 and visualization interaction using discovery studio , materials used in study this is the compounds contained in M. gigantea. Result of research this is the value of delta G is negative below -4 kcal / mol, so reaction yanga occur between the ligand and the protein will walk spontaneous . Conclusion in study this obtained four ligands with lowest G value that is glycasperin A; broussoflavonol F; 5,7,3 ',4'-Tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8,5'-diprenylflavone; meliternatin .
Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cases with Diabetic Neuropathy Complication and Hypertension Grade II through the Approach of Family Medicine
Authors: Aulia Normalisa , Ernawati Ernawati
Published: December 2022

Family medicine is an academic and clinical discipline focused on providing sustainable, comprehensive, coordinated and contextual primary health care for individuals, families, and communities. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder accompanied by disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to reduced insulin function. Based on the IDF, it is estimated that there are 537 million people in the world suffering from DM in 2021 with 19.5 million people coming from Indonesia. In 2018, there were 23,262 cases found in Banten province. DM is the 3rd most common disease in the world. Mrs. E is one of the patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with hypertension and diabetic neuropathy Controlled blood sugar levels and blood pressure in Mrs. E aimed to there are no worsening complications of diabetic neuropathy and prevent other complications. A female patient, 49 years old, came to the Kresek Health Center to take part in Prolanis activities, the patient claimed to have a history of DM for the last 3 years. Currently the patient feels tingling in both legs since about 2 weeks ago. Complaints of tingling come and go and the last 3 days the complaints were increasingly felt. The problem analysis was carried out with a family medicine approach using the Mandala of Health so that a holistic diagnosis was obtained for comprehensive management. After the intervention, there was clinical improvement, GDS decreased from 325 mg/dL to 260 mg/dL and blood pressure decreased from 150/80 mmHg to 130/80 mmHg. The risk factors, internal and external factors cause the disease in Mrs. E and the findings of comprehensive management and the results of its management.
Investigation of Sinterability of WC-Co Component Comprising of AISI 4340 Steel Inserts
Authors: SUBAŞI Mehmet , KOÇAK Harun , SAFARİAN Asghar , KARATAŞ Çetin
Published: December 2022

In this study, sinterability of WC-9% Co component with AISI 4340 steel insert was investigated using Inserted Powder Injection Molding (IPIM) method. Sintering experiments were performed at temperatures of 1200 °C to 1350 °C with dwell times of 120, 240, 360 min. Defects such as gaps, cracks and macro-porosities were observed in specimens, sintered at temperatures of 1200 °C and 1250 °C for all dwell times. It was proved that sintering temperature of 1350 °C was as high as it caused insert to get deformed and melted. As a result, the optimum sintering temperature and dwell time were determined to be 1300 °C and 240 min, respectively, at which the highest hardness, compression strength, and sintered density were obtained without any defects such as cracks or gaps.
A Suggested Educational Guide to Enhance the Role of Jordanian Universities in Developing Moderate Thinking among their Students, Based on the Amman Message
Authors: Al-Aifan Reem Mishref , Al-Qudah Muhammad Amin
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The study aimed to propose an educational guide for Jordanian universities to enhance their role in developing moderate thought among their students based on the Amman Message, by identifying the reality of the role of Jordanian universities in developing moderate thought based on the Amman Message from the viewpoint of faculty members.

Methods: The study used the (qualitative) method in collecting data from the study sample, revealing the role of Jordanian universities in promoting and developing moderate thinking. The study sample consisted of faculty members in Jordanian public universities for the academic year 2019/2020, where the study sample consisted of (20) faculty members in Jordanian universities, and data was collected through conducting interviews.

Results: The results of the qualitative study showed agreement of 90% of the study sample on The middle thought is the moderate thought. And that moderate thought immunizes students from extremism and leniency at the same time, and that the promotion of moderate thought is through academic courses and the university professor, and 70% of the sample indicated the spread of moderate thought among students and in light of the results of the current qualitative study and a previous quantitative study that was published in a research.

Conclusions: An independent educational guide has been proposed to enhance the role of Jordanian universities in developing moderate thought based on the Amman Message, which the study recommended to adopt, to help universities develop moderate and moderate thought, and to activate their role more through the elements of the educational process.
The Effect of Using Visual Feedback on Learning some Basic Basketball Skills
Authors: Taha Manal Mohammed , Al-Jaafreh Omar Jameel , Al-Homran Bahaa Adin Ibrahim
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study aims to determine the impact of utilizing traditional and visual feedback on learning some fundamental basketball game abilities as well as the effect of using visual feedback on learning some fundamental basketball game skills.

Method: The researcher used the experimental method, and the sample of the study consisted of (38) students; of the Faculty of Sports Sciences who are enrolled in basketball course (1) during the summer semester for the academic year 2018/2019. The sample was randomly selected and distributed equally into two groups; the experimental group consisted of (19) male and female students and implemented visual feedback when teaching them basic skills in the basketball game, and the control group consisted of (19) male and female students and implemented traditional feedback when teaching them basic skills in the basketball game.

Results: The results showed that there were significant differences at the level of (0.05≥α) between the pre and post measurement for the experimental group and in favor of the post-measurement. Furthermore, there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group for the benefit of the experimental group. Additionally, the different types of feedback lead to an improvement in performance, which indicates its importance in the teaching and learning process, and that there is a preference for the use of visual feedback during the teaching process.

Conclusions: The researchers recommended a necessity to focus on using visual feedback, as it has a significant impact on learning difficult skills, especially with beginner learners.
The use of pairwise comparisons and the Elo algorithm to quantitatively rate a large number of items in a single dimension
Authors: Routh Jenny , Paramasivam Sharmini Julita , Cockcroft Peter , Wood Sarah , Remnant John , Westermann Cornélie , Reid Alison , Pawson Patricia , Warman Sheena , Nadarajah Vishna Devi , Jeevaratnam Kamalan
Published: December 2022

Quantitatively eliciting perspectives about a large number of similar entities (such as a list of competences) is a challenge for researchers in health profession education (HPE). Traditional survey methods may include using Likert items. However, a Likert item approach that generates absolute ratings of the entities may suffer from the “ceiling effect”, as ratings cluster at one end of the scale. This impacts on researchers’ ability to detect differences in ratings between the entities themselves and between respondent groups. This paper describes the use of pairwise comparison questions and a novel application of the Elo algorithm to generate relative ratings and rankings of a large number of entities on a unidimensional scale. A study assessing 91 student “preparedness characteristics” for veterinary workplace clinical training (WCT) in terms of their relative importance is presented as an example of this method in action. The Elo algorithm generates continuous data with measurement variability which, by definition, spans an entire spectrum: a normalised rating for each entity on a scale from zero to one. Since the ratings are relative to each other they are not susceptible to the ceiling effect. Additional advantages of the pairwise comparison question style are their low susceptibility to systematic bias and measurement error, they can be quicker and arguably more engaging to complete than Likert items, and they should carry a low cognitive load for respondents. Methods for evaluating the validity and reliability of this survey design are also described.Using pairwise comparison style questions and the Elo algorithm is an effective methodology to derive relative ratings (and rankings) of a large number of survey entities within HPE research.
Ministry of Internal Affairs vs Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The inter-ministerial struggle during the religious and political distabilization in Bukhara, 1910–1916
Authors: Хутарев-Гарнишевский В.В.
Published: December 2022

Ключевое положение Бухарского эмирата и его полусуверенный статус в рамках Российской империи превратили этот регион в арену противостояния различных российских ведомств. Ситуация осложнялась активным вмешательством в дела Бухары иностранных пропагандистов панисламизма, агентов влияния Ирана и Афганистана, а также обострением внутренних социально-политических противоречий в регионе. В статье публикуются официальные документы Министерства внутренних дел и Министерства иностранных дел России, отражающие их видение политической обстановки в Бухаре и в целом в Туркестане накануне среднеазиатского восстания 1916 г.

Fundamental premise of Khanate of Bukhara and it’s halfsovereign statute within the Russian Empire transformed the region into a confrontation arena for various governmental agencies. Extensive involvement in Bukhara’s affairs of foreign Pan-Islamism leaders, influence agents from Iran and Afghanistan, as well as exasperation of inner socio political confrontations made the situation even more complicated. Published are the official documents of Ministry of Internal Affairs and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, which reflect their vision of the situation mainly in Bukhara and at a general scale in Turkistan on the eve of the Central Asian Revolt of 1916.
To the Problem of Restoration of the Russian Revolutionists’ Contacts Structure
Authors: Кацис Л.Ф.
Published: December 2022

В статье рассматривается вопрос о связях между русскими революционерами и деятелями культуры, тем или иным образом связанными с революционным движением в России в начале ХХ в. На основе различных источников показано, как некоторые известные исторические деятели, на первый взгляд не имевшие явных связей между собой, взаимодействовали и общались ради достижения своих политических целей. Также прослеживается связь между самими революционерами, не принадлежавшими подчас к одной партии или политическому течению. Таким образом обнаруживается довольно разветвленная сеть, состоящая из известных как в политике, так и в культуре лиц, оказавшая в результате серьезное воздействие на внутриполитическую ситуацию в России в период до и между двух революций. Среди них присутствуют: Владимир Жаботинский, Пинхас Рутенберг, Максим Горький, Леонид Андреев, Михаил Осоргин, Дмитрий Мережковский, Зинаида Гиппиус, Борис Савинков, Александра Коллонтай и др. Многие моменты во взаимоотношениях некоторых из них выявлены на основе материалов об убийстве революционерами священника Георгия Гапона. Основной же темой статьи является вскрытие различных узлов информационных сетей и способов коммуникации, созданных российскими социалистами в конце XIX –начале XХ в. с целью конспирации.

The study focuses on the relationship between Russian revolutionaries and cultural figures, in one way or another associated with the revolutionary movement in Russia of the early 20th century. Using a wide variety of sources, it demonstrates how a number of prominent historical figures, who at first glance had no apparent connection with one another, cooperated and communicated to achieve their political goals. It also traces the link between the revolutionaries themselves, who sometimes did not belong to the same party or political current, thus revealing a rather wide network of famous political and cultural figures who had a significant impact on the internal political situation in Russia before and in-between the two revolutions. Among them were Vladimir Jabotinsky, Pinhas Rutenberg, Maxim Gorky, Leonid Andreyev, Mikhail Osorgin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Zinaida Gippius, Boris Savinkov, Alexandra Kollontai, and many others. Many aspects of their interrelationships came to light from the accounts of the murder of the priest Georgy Gapon by the revolutionaries. However, the focus of the paper is to dissect the different nodes of information networks and communication methods established by Russian socialists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for conspiratorial purposes.
Features of Imamate of Dagestan and Chechnya as Islamic power (1834–1859)
Authors: Магомедов К.А.
Published: December 2022

Статья содержит описание основных элементов государственного устройства Имамата Дагестана и Чечни, образовавшегося на территории Северного Кавказа в середине 19 века. Имамат был образован для реализации целей построения государства, основанного на шариате, и объединения населения Северного Кавказа для противостояния в войне с Российской Империей. Несмотря на наличие множества исследований государственности Имамата, крайне мало исследований касается вопроса сопоставления основных элементов государственного устройства Имамата с основными постулатами концепции исламской государственности. В данной статье проведен сравнительно-правовой анализ Имамата с концепциями, изложенными видными мусульманскими учеными, а также степень ориентированности политики Имамата на реализацию положений Корана и сунны.

The article contains a description about the basic elements of a statehood system of The Imamate of Dagestan and Chechnya, which was formed in the North Caucasus in the middle of 19 century. The Imamate was created to achieve the goals of building the Shariah State and to unite the population of the North Caucasus for confrontation in the war against the Russian Empire. Despite the existence of numerous researches about the Imamate’s statehood, there are few of them related to the issue of comparing the basic elements of a statehood system of the Imamate with the basic elements of the conception of Islamic statehood. This article makes a comparative legal analysis of the Imamate with the concepts outlined by the famous Muslim scientists, as well as the degree of orientation of the Imamate’s policy on the implementation of the provisions of the Koran and the Sunnah.
An Analysis of Ethical Theories in the Direction of Sustainable Development: Aristotelian Virtue Ethics is the Greatest Option for Long-term Sustainability
Authors: Maharana Subhasmita , Behura Ajit Kumar
Published: December 2022

Environmental issues such as deforestation, climate change, ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect, and pollution of air, water, and soil are among the most difficult to address. These are the results of human beings’ immoral actions. Humans are the most powerful living beings on the planet, and they have abused their physical and mental abilities to fulfill their greed rather than their needs, resulting in environmental destruction. They have abused nature and exploited it for their own economic gain, giving them control over it. Furthermore, environmental degradation and human moral decline are intertwined, necessitating a moral revolution to reform human conduct for the sake of society, with a focus on Aristotelian Virtue Ethics rather than consequentialist or deontological ethics. The main focus of Aristotelian Virtue Ethics is, on what type of persons we should be, what kind of characteristics we should have, and how we should act. This leads to the development of one’s character and environmental attitudes; resulting in the smart use of natural resources and, more particularly, the preservation of the natural environment, ensuring environmental sustainability.
The relationship between the psychological conditions of dental and oral health workers during the PPKM level-4 period of the Covid-19 pandemic at the Makassar city hospital: Online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ayub Irmadani Anwar  , Burhanuddin Daeng Pasiga  , Rasmidar Samad  , Rini Pratiwi  , Nur Syamsi  , Fuad Husain AKbar
Published: December 2022

To determine the relationship between the psychological conditions of dental and oral health workers during the Covid-19 pande-mic, it was conductedobservational analytic study, with a cross-sectional design by online. A total of 156 dental health workers at RSGMP Unhas and RSKDGM who worked during thePPKM period 26 July 2021-6 September 2021 were obtained using the purposive sampling technique. This study was conducted using a questionnaire instrument in the form of an online google form in November 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 19 question items using the Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney test.The results showed that gender and work experience had a significant effect on infection. Female participants were more likely to be concerned about thepresence of infection and that the virus was imminent. It is concluded there was a significant relationship between the psychological condition of dental and oral health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly women, and doctors with less work experience, reporting a much higher impact.
Treatment of oromaxillofacial fracture in elderly: A literature review
Authors: Kasma AS  , Andi Tajrin  , Hadira
Published: December 2022

Maxillofacial fracture in elderly patients mostly related to age-related changes and systemic pathologic conditions. However, traumatic injuries in the elderlyhave been increasing in recent years; this is due to increased active life span with advances in medicine that result in a higher percentage of older people in the population. This article ia a review of oromaxillofacial frac-ture in elderly that published since the last 10 years obtained through the search of the electronic database PubMed and Google Scholar, then selected as many as six studies based on the treatment of oromaxillofacial fracture in elderly. Based on the selec-ted literature that has been reviewed, falls were responsible for the majority of fractures in the elderly group. The fracture loca-tions are varied but mostcommon site is zygomatic complex, nasal bone, and condylar. The results of this literature review high-light that majority of elderly patients are treated without surgical procedures.It is concluded that the treatment of maxillofacial trauma in elderly patients is often challenging, as elderly patients require specific attention and multidisciplinary collaboration in the diagnosis and sequencing of trauma treatment.
The effect of forest honey solution on the plaque and gingivitis index in adolescent
Authors: Thalissa Miranda Savitri  , Linda Sari Sembiring  , Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Plaque is the main factor that causes dental and oral health problems, one of which is gingivitis. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingival tissue and is often found in children, adolescents, and adults. The peak of the highest prevalence of gingivitis occurs in adolescence (90%). Maintaining dental and oral hygiene can be done mechanically by brushing your teeth, but mechanical action will be more effective if combined with chemical action, namely gargling. Forest honey solution is a natural liquid produced by honey bees and is beneficial for dental and oral problems. So, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gargling a solution of forest honey on plaque index and gingivitis in the oral cavity of adolescents. The research uses a literature studymethod by reviewing nationally published journals. The results showed that forest honey has four factors such as organic compounds, osmotic pressure, hydrogen peroxide, and pH. Forest honey are antibacterial and antioxi-dant so that it helps reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. It is concluded that gargling a solution of forest honey is effect-tive in reducing plaque and gingivitis index scores in the oral cavity of adolescents.
The role of non-pharmacological behavior management on the success of children's dental care
Authors: Eko Sri Yuni Astuti
Published: December 2022

The success of the dental treatment in children does not depend on mastering the basic techniques of the treatment but if can to manage the child's behavior. Children's fear and anxiety are child behaviors that can hinder the success of the treatment. The pur-pose of this paper is to discuss non-pharmacotherapy behavior management for the children. The nonpharmacologic behavior management methods are behavior shaping, tell show do (TSD), desensitization, modeling,distraction, positive reinforcement, voice control, retraining, and hand over mouth exercises (HOME). Behavior classification in healthy children due tononpharma-cologic behavior management methods approach are the Frankl classification rating 2 and 3 or the Wright clinical classification scale 2 and 3. The selection of the appropriate behavior management method will determine in the success of dental treatment in children.
Design and build teledentistry applications based on the appstore playstore on the management of dental practice during the Covid-19 pandemic and adapting new habits
Authors: Fuad Husain Akbar
Published: December 2022

Health is one of the basic needs of every human being. Covid-19 pandemic has challenged existing healthcare systems around the world, so the development of information technology is increasing. This article is aimed to create a teledentistry applica-tion based on the appstore and playstore for dental practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. Implementation method includes conducting literature studies, requirements engineering, system design, system implementation anddrawing conclusions and suggestions. The result show tested functionality on application features is directly proportional to the expected result. It was concluded that the design of an android-based teledentistry application in dental practice can simplify the service process, help increase time effectiveness in the dental clinic service process, increase the efficiency of the recording system in dental clinic services quickly and accurately. And the design of this system canhelp minimize losses due to errors in recording patient data.
Trans-alveolar extraction with buccal flap of mandibular second premolar: case report
Authors: Abul Fauzi  , I Gede Arya Wira Yudha  , Eka Prasetyawati
Published: December 2022

Many articles have explained the extraction of impacted premolars and canines, but there are still few explanations about li-nguoversion premolar extraction.Trans-alveolar extraction is usually used in cases of impacted teeth or teeth with unfavorable root shape, ankylosis, tooth malposition. Trans-alveolar extraction is atechnique commonly used in dentistry. Various flap op-tions can be used in this technique. In this article it is explained a 30-year-old woman came to the Dental and Oral Hospital of Hasanuddin University with the chief complaint of feeling uncomfortable when eating due to partially growing wisdom teeth and teeth growing towards the tongue. It was performed clinical examination and radiography revealed bilateral linguo-version of the second premolars and impacted third molars. The position of the second premolars was considered difficult be-cause of the obstruction of the mandibular first molars and first premolars. It was conducted transalveolar extraction with a flap in the buccal region under general anesthesia. So, it is concluded that clinical considerations and decisions in achoice of treatment affect the success rate and side effects of treatment. The choice of the buccal flap was carried out taking into account the position of the teeth,the relationship with neighboring teeth, and avoiding injury to the mental nerve that could cause the risk of paraesthesia.
Comparison of brushing tooth using a mirror and without mirror to plaque index of orphanage children in Makassar
Authors: Rachmi Bachtiar  , Nur Asmah  , Dhyah Selvi Suyono
Published: December 2022

One of the most common dental and oral diseases in Indonesia today is periodontal disease which is generally caused by plaque bacteria on thetooth surface. To prevent the formation of plaque, maintenance of dental and oral hygiene is carried out in a sim-ple, effective and practicalway, namely by brushing teeth carefully and regularly. Mirroring is one of the media that can reflect oneself clearly because it can see the body including the entire surface of the teeth according to what is reflected in a mirror so that accuracy in brushing teeth is obtained andcleanliness is obtained on all surfaces of the teeth. The purpose of this study was to find how the plaque index compared to brushing teethwith and without mirrors in children at the Ummu Aiman ​​and Hikmah Orphanage in Makassar, using a quasi-experimental method with aposttest only control group design type. Based on the Mann-Whitney U test on 46 samples, a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) was obtained. This means that there is a significant difference in the dental plaque index in the group that brushes teeth using a mirror and without a mirror. It was concluded that brushing teeth using a mirror was more effective in reducing plaque index than without a mirror.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan UMKM di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Mimiasri  , Hadi Nasrul , Saputra Aiyub
Published: December 2022

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play an important and strategic role and play a key role in terms of employment, poverty alleviation and economic growth in the region. In Banda Aceh, the existence of MSMEs is very important as a means of livelihood for the community. SMEs have become an alternative provider of employment opportunities in Banda Aceh City, especially as unemployment numbers are rising in Banda Aceh City after oil and gas depletion and slow industrial growth. The survey included a sample of 100 of his MSME entrepreneurs spread across Banda Aceh. Each subdistrict was selected by MSME entrepreneurs using a targeted sampling method. Depiction of MSME performance situation was descriptively analyzed by describing various aspects such as MSME development, MSME age, and number of employees.
Pengaruh Pengalaman Auditor, Due Profesional Care dan Etika Profesi Terhadap Kualitas Audit
Authors: Hutapea Hanna , Ferinia Rolyana
Published: December 2022

This study aims to examine and obtain empirical evidence of the effect of auditor work experience, due profesional care and auditor professional ethics on audit quality at Public Accounting Firms in the South Jakarta area. This research uses a quantitative approach. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires through google form. The total sample in this study was 70 respondents. By using purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. Based on the results of this study indicate that auditor's work experience, due profesional care and professional ethics of auditors have a positive and significant effect on audit quality.
Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Investasi Publik, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Alisman  , Hanif Ummu , Sufriadi Dedi
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze government spending, public investment, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) on Regional Original Income (PAD) in West Aceh District in the period 2005-2018. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression by testing the classical assumptions, namely; normality test, multicorrelation test, heterocidity test, autocorrelation test, correlation coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R Adjusted), F test, and t test. the calculation uses Software Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that the variables of government spending (X1), public investment (X2) and GRDP (X3) had a positive and significant effect on Regional Original Income (Y) of West Aceh Regency. Some of the suggestions that are expected are to become a concern for the West Aceh District Government to further increase the allocation of development expenditures in order to be able to stimulate regional economic growth. The West Aceh District Government also needs to measure the increase in PAD with its role in regulating the community's economy so that it can develop more, which in turn can improve the welfare of the people in West Aceh. In addition, the West Aceh District Government also needs to increase investment to invite investors to invest so that with many investors it is hoped that it will increase and impact the people of West Aceh and the community can live productive lives.