bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symposium Highlights and Synopses of the Scientific Program
Authors: Vito D. , Diltz M. , Porter M. , White P. , Luberti A.
Published: February 2014

As the bar to actively participate in one’s own health is consistently lowered through technology, patients are helping to evolve traditional workflows to make data more accessible at the point of care. This growing trend of patient engagement and personalized medicine was the focus of the 2013 Mid-Atlantic Healthcare Informatics Symposium in Philadelphia, PA on April 26, 2013. The conference, presented annually by the Center for Biomedical Informatics (CBMi) at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, featured plenary sessions, panel discussions, and paper presentations on a range of topics, including patient engagement and personalized medicine; using data and analytics to optimize patient care; nursing informatics; and the future of biomedical informatics.

Citation: Vito D, Diltz M, Porter M, White P, Luberti A. Symposium highlights and synopses of the scientific program: The sixth annual mid-atlantic healthcare informatics symposium. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 85–91 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-10-IE-0082
The Application of Hand-Held Ultrasound Scanner in Teaching of Telemedicine and Rural Medicine
Authors: Noriega Oscar , Ho Hoi , Wright Justin
Published: February 2014

Stethoscope, the symbol of modern medicine has been in place for more than 150 years. However, this reliable diagnostic instrument has started showing its age with the arrival of a newer diagnostic instrument: the hand-held ultrasound.

Hand-held ultrasound is rapidly expanding in many specialties but not yet in obstetrics and gynecology. There is a paucity of literature on the application of hand-held ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology, in contrast to a large volume of literature published by other specialties. Several studies demonstrated that medical students and residents can improve the accuracy of their physical examinations with the use of hand-held ultrasound. Similarly, physical examinations performed by hospitalists with hand-carried ultrasound are more accurate than those performed without the instrument. Advances in technology have contributed to the improvement of image quality and portability. As a result, these devices become increasingly available in many clinical settings such as point of care, telemedicine and rural medicine. The quality of ultrasound images of the hand-held scanner is inferior to those of standard laptop ultrasound. However, the hand-held ultrasound requires much less time for setup.

Although there have been recommendations for training guidelines for operators of hand-held ultrasound, standards for optimal training to achieve level of competency have not been determined.

How to cite this article

Wright J, Noriega O, Ho H. The Application of Hand-Held Ultrasound Scanner in Teaching of Telemedicine and Rural Medicine. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):87-91.
Giant Hemorrhagic Adrenal Pseudocyst in Pregnancy
Authors: White Christopher M , Greenberg Harvey , Davis Brian R
Published: February 2014

Adrenal cysts are a rare diagnosis, particularly in pregnancy. We report the case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman with an adrenal pseudocyst in her 28th week of pregnancy. This represents the 13th case of an adrenal pseudocyst in pregnancy reported in the literature. The patient presented to our facility complaining of abdominal pain, believing she could be in preterm labor. After further evaluation and surgery, she was diagnosed with a left adrenal pseudocyst. In this report, we will not only describe our case but also discuss the relevance of the findings to what is already present in the literature. Our case report is an example of multidisciplinary approach to a pregnant patient with an abdominal/pelvic mass. Inter-professional collaboration allowed successful surgical intervention that resulted in an excellent outcome for the mother and term delivery of child.

How to cite this article

White CM, Greenberg H, Davis BR, Kupesic Plavsic S. Giant Hemorrhagic Adrenal Pseudocyst in Pregnancy. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):105-108.
Psychotropic Medication Use during Pregnancy and Lactation: Role of Ultrasound Assessment
Authors: Pooh Ritsuko , Matthys Andrew , Ambat Maria Teresa
Published: February 2014

The potential teratogenic effects of psychotropic medication use during pregnancy have been scrutinized ever since thalidomide contributed to phocomelia in the 1950's. Up to 35% of the half a million women becoming pregnant each day take psychotropic medication(s). Teratogens alter normal intrauterine fetal growth, anatomic structures, functioning and postnatal development. In this educational review article, we examine whether different classes of psychotropic medications have the potential to be teratogens or have other nonteratogenic effects. Specifically, we examined antidepressants (SSRIs, TCAs), anticonvulsants (valproate, carbamazepime, lamotrigine), antipsychotics, Benadryl and Lithium. We also provided case reports with ultrasound images as well as a review quiz.

How to cite this article

Matthys A, Ambat MT, Pooh R, Kupesic Plavsic S. Psychotropic Medication Use during Pregnancy and Lactation: Role of Ultrasound Assessment. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):109-121.
Enhanced production of oxidised mercury over the tropical Pacific Ocean: a key missing oxidation pathway
Authors: Wang F. , Saiz-Lopez A. , Mahajan A. S. , Gómez Martín J. C. , Armstrong D. , Lemes M. , Hay T. , Prados-Roman C.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Mercury is a contaminant of global concern. It is transported in the atmosphere primarily as gaseous elemental mercury, but its reactivity and deposition to the surface environment, through which it enters the aquatic food chain, is greatly enhanced following oxidation. Measurements and modelling studies of oxidised mercury in the polar to sub-tropical marine boundary layer (MBL) have suggested that photolytically produced bromine atoms are the primary oxidant of mercury. We report year-round measurements of elemental and oxidised mercury, along with ozone, halogen oxides (IO and BrO) and nitrogen oxides (NO2), in the MBL over the Galápagos Islands in the equatorial Pacific. Elemental mercury concentration remained low throughout the year, while higher than expected levels of oxidised mercury occurred around midday. Our results show that the production of oxidised mercury in the tropical MBL cannot be accounted for by bromine oxidation only, or by the inclusion of ozone and hydroxyl. As a two-step oxidation mechanism, where the HgBr intermediate is further oxidised to Hg(II), depends critically on the stability of HgBr, an additional oxidant is needed to react with HgBr to explain more than 50% of the observed oxidised mercury. Based on best available thermodynamic data, we show that atomic iodine, NO2, or HO2 could all play the potential role of the missing oxidant, though their relative importance cannot be determined explicitly at this time due to the uncertainties associated with mercury oxidation kinetics. We conclude that the key pathway that significantly enhances atmospheric mercury oxidation and deposition to the tropical oceans is missing from the current understanding of atmospheric mercury oxidation.
A case study into the measurement of ship emissions from plume intercepts of the NOAA ship Miller Freeman
Authors: Cappa C. D. , Williams E. J. , Lack D. A. , Buffaloe G. M. , Coffman D. , Hayden K. L. , Herndon S. C. , Lerner B. M. , Li S.-M. , Massoli P. , McLaren R. , Nuaaman I. , Onasch T. B. , Quinn P. K.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Emissions factors (EFs) for gas and sub-micron particle-phase species were measured in intercepted plumes as a function of vessel speed from an underway research vessel, the NOAA ship Miller Freeman, operating a medium-speed diesel engine on low-sulfur marine gas oil (fuel sulfur content ~0.1% by weight). The low-sulfur fuel in use conforms to the MARPOL fuel sulfur limit within emission control areas set to take effect in 2015 and to California-specific limits set to take effect in 2014. For many of the particle-phase species, EFs were determined using multiple measurement methodologies, allowing for an assessment of how well EFs from different techniques agree. The total sub-micron PM (PM1) was dominated by particulate black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM), with an average POM / BC ratio of 1.3. Consideration of the POM / BC ratios observed here with literature studies suggests that laboratory and in-stack measurement methods may overestimate primary POM EFs relative to those observed in emitted plumes. Comparison of four different methods for black carbon measurement indicates that careful attention must be paid to instrument limitations and biases when assessing EFBC. Particulate sulfate (SO42−) EFs were extremely small and the particles emitted by Miller Freeman were inefficient as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), even at high super saturations, consistent with the use of very low-sulfur fuel and the overall small emitted particle sizes. All measurement methodologies consistently demonstrate that the measured EFs (fuel mass basis) for PM1 mass, BC and POM decreased as the ship slowed. Particle number EFs were approximately constant across the speed change, with a shift towards smaller particles being emitted at slower speeds. Emissions factors for gas-phase CO and formaldehyde (HCHO) both increased as the vessel slowed, while EFs for NOx decreased and SO2 EFs were approximately constant.
Sensitivities of NOx transformation and the effects on surface ozone and nitrate
Authors: Lei H. , Wang J. X. L.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. As precursors to tropospheric ozone and nitrate, nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the present atmosphere and its transformation in response to emission and climate perturbations are studied by using the CAM-Chem model and air quality measurements from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System (EPA AQS). It is found that NOx transformations in present atmospheric conditions show different sensitivities over industrial and non-industrial regions. As a result, the surface ozone and nitrate formations can be divided into several regimes associated with the dominant emission types and relative levels of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Ozone production in industrial regions (the main NOx emission source areas) increases in warmer conditions and slightly decreases following an increase in NOx emissions due to NOx titration, which is opposite to the response in non-industrial regions. The ozone decrease following a temperature increase in non-industrial regions indicates that ozone production in regions that lack NOx emission sources may be sensitive to NOx transformation in remote source regions. The increase in NO2 from NOx titration over industrial regions results in an increase rate of total nitrate that remains higher than the increase rate of NOx emissions. The presented findings indicate that a change in the ozone concentration is more directly affected by changes in climate and precursor emissions, while a change in the nitrate concentration is affected by local ozone production types and their seasonal transfer. The sensitivity to temperature perturbations shows that a warmer climate accelerates the decomposition of odd nitrogen (NOy) during the night. As a result, the transformation rate of NOx to nitrate decreases. Examinations of the historical emissions and air quality records of a typical NOx-limited area, such as Atlanta and a VOC-limited area, such as Los Angeles further confirm the conclusions drawn from the modeling experiments.
A high-resolution oxygen A-band spectrometer (HABS) and its radiation closure
Authors: Min Q. , Yin B. , Li S. , Berndt J. , Harrison L. , Joseph E. , Duan M. , Kiedron P.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The pressure dependence of oxygen A-band absorption enables the retrieval of the vertical profiles of aerosol and cloud properties from oxygen A-band spectrometry. To improve the understanding of oxygen A-band inversions and utility, we developed a high-resolution oxygen A-band spectrometer (HABS), and deployed it at Howard University Beltsville site during the NASA Discover Air-Quality Field Campaign in July 2011. The HABS has the ability to measure solar direct-beam and zenith diffuse radiation through a telescope automatically. It exhibits excellent performance: stable spectral response ratio, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high spectrum resolution (0.16 nm), and high Out-of-Band Rejection (10−5). To evaluate the spectra performance of HABS, a HABS simulator has been developed by combing the discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) code with the High Resolution Transmission (HTRAN) database HITRAN2008. The simulator uses double-k approach to reduce the computational cost. The HABS measured spectra are consistent with the related simulated spectra. For direct-beam spectra, the confidence intervals (95%) of relative difference between measurements and simulation are (−0.06, 0.05) and (−0.08, 0.09) for solar zenith angles of 27° and 72°, respectively. The main differences between them occur at or near the strong oxygen absorption line centers. They are mainly caused by the noise/spikes of HABS measured spectra, as a result of combined effects of weak signal, low SNR, and errors in wavelength registration and absorption line parameters. The high-resolution oxygen A-band measurements from HABS can constrain the active radar retrievals for more accurate cloud optical properties, particularly for multi-layer clouds and for mixed-phase clouds.
Climate and atmospheric drivers of historical terrestrial carbon uptake in the province of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Peng Y. , Arora V. K. , Kurz W. A. , Hember R. A. , Hawkins B. J. , Fyfe J. C. , Werner A. T.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The impacts of climate change and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration on the terrestrial uptake of carbon dioxide since 1860 in the Canadian province of British Columbia are estimated using the process-based Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (CTEM). Model simulations show that these two factors yield an enhanced carbon uptake of around 44 gC m−2 yr−1 (or equivalently 63 gC m−2 yr−1 over the province's forested area), during the 1980s and 1990s, and continuing into the 2000s. About three-quarters of the simulated sink enhancement in our study compared to pre-industrial conditions is attributed to changing climate, and the rest is attributed to increase in CO2 concentration. The model response to changing climate and increasing CO2 is corroborated by comparing simulated stem wood growth rates with ground-based measurements from inventory plots in coastal British Columbia. The simulated sink is not an estimate of the net carbon balance because the effects of harvesting, insect disturbances and land-use change are not considered.
Carl Friedrich Gauss – General Theory of Terrestrial Magnetism – a revised translation of the German text
Authors: Glassmeier K.-H. , Tsurutani B. T.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. This is a translation of the Allgemeine Theorie des Erdmagnetismus published by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1839 in the Resultate aus den Beobachtungen des Magnetischen Vereins im Jahre 1838. The current translation is based on an earlier translation by Elizabeth Juliana Sabine published in 1841. This earlier translation has been revised, corrected, and extended. Numerous biographical comments on the scientists named in the original text have been added as well as further information on the observational material used by Carl Friedrich Gauss. An attempt is made to provide a readable text to a wider scientific community, a text laying the foundation of today's understanding of planetary magnetic fields.
Estimating velocity from noisy GPS data for investigating the temporal variability of slope movements
Authors: Wirz V. , Gruber S. , Gubler S. , Purves R. S.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Knowledge of processes and factors affecting slope instability is essential for detecting and monitoring potentially hazardous slopes. Knowing the timing of acceleration or deceleration of slope movements can help to identify important controls and hence to increase our process understanding. For this methods to derive reliable velocity estimations are important. The aim of this study was to develop and test a method to derive velocities based on noisy GPS data of various movement patterns and variable signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). Derived velocities represent reliable average velocities representative for a given period. The applied smoothing windows directly depends on the SNR of the data, which is modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. Hence, all obtained velocities have a SNR above a predefined threshold and for each velocity period the SNR is known, which helps to interpret the temporal variability. In sensitivity tests with synthetic time-series the method was compared to established methods to derive velocities based on GPS positions, including spline and Kernel regression smoothing. Those sensitivity tests clearly demonstrated that methods are required that adopt the time window to the underlying error of the position data. The presented method performs well, even for a high noise levels and variable SNR. Different methods were further applied to investigate the inter-annual variability of permafrost slope movements based on daily GPS- and inclinometer data. In the framework of the new method, we further analyzed the error caused by a rotation of the GPS mast (hmast = 1.5 m). If the tilting is higher than its uncertainty, the rotational movement can be separated and the direction of movement became more uniform. At one GPS station, more than 12% of the measured displacement at the antenna was caused by the rotation of the station.
Diagnostics on the cost-function in variational assimilations for meteorological models
Authors: Michel Y.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Several consistency diagnostics have been proposed to evaluate variational assimilation schemes. The "Bennett-Talagrand" criterion in particular shows that the cost-function at the minimum should be close to half the number of assimilated observations when statistics are correctly specified. It has been further shown that sub-parts of the cost function also had statistical expectations that could be expressed as traces of large matrices, and that this could be exploited for variance tuning and hypothesis testing. The aim of this work is to extend those results using standard theory of quadratic forms in random variables. The first step is to express the sub-parts of the cost function as quadratic forms in the innovation vector. Then, it is possible to derive expressions for the statistical expectations, variances and cross-covariances (whether the statistics are correctly specified or not). As a consequence it is proven in particular that, in a perfect system, the values of the background and observation parts of the cost function at the minimum are positively correlated. These results are illustrated in a simplified variational scheme in a one-dimensional context. These expressions involve the computation of the trace of large matrices that are generally unavailable in variational formulations of the assimilation problem. It is shown that the randomization algorithm proposed in the literature can be extended to cover these computations, yet at the price of additional minimizations. This is shown to provide estimations of background and observation errors that improve forecasts of the operational ARPEGE model.
A data-constrained model for compatibility check of remotely sensed basal melting with the hydrography in front of Antarctic ice shelves
Authors: Olbers D. , Hellmer H. H. , Buck F. F. J. H.
Published: February 2014

Abstract. The ice shelf caverns around Antarctica are sources of cold and fresh water which contributes to the formation of Antarctic bottom water and thus to the ventilation of the deep basins of the World Ocean. While a realistic simulation of the cavern circulation requires high resolution, because of the complicated bottom topography and ice shelf morphology, the physics of melting and freezing at the ice shelf base is relatively simple. We have developed an analytically solvable box model of the cavern thermohaline state, using the formulation of melting and freezing as in Olbers and Hellmer (2010). There is high resolution along the cavern's path of the overturning circulation whereas the cross-path resolution is fairly coarse. The circulation in the cavern is prescribed and used as a tuning parameter to constrain the solution by attempting to match observed ranges for outflow temperature and salinity at the ice shelf front as well as of the mean basal melt rate. The method, tested for six Antarctic ice shelves, can be used for a quick estimate of melt/freeze rates and the overturning rate in particular caverns, given the temperature and salinity of the inflow and the above mentioned constrains for outflow and melting. In turn, the model can also be used for testing the compatibility of remotely sensed basal mass loss with observed cavern inflow characteristics.
Miguel de Cervantes, La entretenida, ed. digital y traducción J. O’Neill
Authors: Maggi Eugenio
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Miguel de Cervantes, La entretenida, ed. digital y traducción J. O’Neill, King’s College (Out of the Wings Project), 2013. URL: http://entretenida.outofthewings.org/index.html. Última consulta: 28 de diciembre de 2013.
Ignacio Arellano, El ingenio de Lope de Vega. Escolios a las «Rimas humanas y divinas del licenciado Tomé de Burguillos»
Authors: Morros Mestres Bienvenido
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Ignacio Arellano,El ingenio de Lope de Vega. Escolios a las «Rimas humanas y divinas del licenciado Tomé de Burguillos», IDEA/IGAS, Nueva York, 2012, 305 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-84-8.
Bulletin of Spanish Studies (University of Glasgow), LXXXIX 4, monográfico Exploring the Print World of Early Modern Iberia, ed. A. Wilkinson
Authors: Peraita Carmen
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Bulletin of Spanish Studies (University of Glasgow), LXXXIX 4, monográfico Exploring the Print World of Early Modern Iberia, ed. A. Wilkinson
Edición académica en la era digital: modelos, difusión y proceso de investigación
Authors: Spence Paul
Published: February 2014

Este artículo analiza los retos para la edición académica en la era digital, tomando una perspectica analítica y práctica, con referencia a la historia reciente en la edición digital, y sobre todo a experiencias dentro de investigadores en las humanidades digitales.
Criticism and Technology: Between Applications, Principles, and an Experiment
Authors: Tomasi Francesca
Published: February 2014

Within the developer community, the application tools for the digital editing management represent a challenging field of study. The features of the developed applications show a dominant trend: the creation of online tools able to manage the entire process, from the production to the dissemination of the digital edition. If the tool is a key component, the digital method is certainly not irrelevant to forcing us to rethink the practices of traditional publishing. In order to analyze this aspect, an implementation of a web application, capable of handling heterogeneous services, is presented.
Teatro renacentista en la universidad. En torno a Las comedias humanísticas de Juan Pérez (Petreius), al cuidado de M.ª del Val Gago Saldaña
Authors: Asenjo Julio Alonso
Published: February 2014

Consideraciones críticas en torno a la edición de María del Val Gago Saldaña del teatro latino humanístico de Juan Pérez (Petreius).
Manfred Tietz y Marcella Trambaioli, eds., El autor en el Siglo de Oro. Su estatus intelectual y social
Authors: Cappelli Federica
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Manfred Tietz y Marcella Trambaioli, eds., El autor en el Siglo de Oro. Su estatus intelectual y social, Editorial Academia del Hispanismo, Vigo, 2011, 481 pp. ISBN: 9788415175193.
Victor Dixon, En busca del Fénix. Quince estudios sobre Lope de Vega y su teatro
Authors: Greer Margaret
Published: February 2014

Reseña de Victor Dixon, En busca del Fénix. Quince estudios sobre Lope de Vega y su teatro, TC-12 / Iberoamericana / Vervuert, Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, 2013, 346 pp. ISBN: 978-84-8489-739-2 (Iberoamericana); 978-3-86527-788-6 (Vervuert).
Effectiveness of coping strategies for victims of cyberbullying
Authors: Machackova Hana , Cerna Alena , Sevcikova Anna , Dedkova Lenka , Daneback Kristian
Published: February 2014

Although cyberbullying is a well-studied online risk, little is known about the effectiveness of various coping strategies for its victims. Therefore, this study on 2,092 Czech children aged 12-18 examined which coping strategies were applied most often and to what extent victims of cyber aggression judged them to be effective. Effectiveness was measured in two ways: the extent to which the coping strategy buffered negative emotions, and the extent to which it stopped the cyber aggression. The subsample of 422 respondents (68% girls) who experienced online attacks was divided into two groups: victims of cyberbullying, who experienced long-term and severe victimization, and victims of less severe online harassment. The selection of strategies was compared between these groups and the most prevalent and effective strategies were identified. Overall, respondents in both groups used more than one strategy at once, but for victims of cyberbullying, most of the strategies proved less effective. Both groups showed similar patterns in their use of technical solutions, and both quite frequently sought social support. Also, both groups showed a low tendency for retaliation. Large differences were found in how respondents employed cognitive responses, such as trying to detach mentally from bullying incidents; these strategies were less frequent among victims of cyberbullying. In terms of effectiveness, victims of harassment considered technical solutions such as blocking contacts on social websites, seeking support, or ignoring the bully on purpose the most effective in stopping victimization, as opposed to victims of cyberbullying, who found them less effective, even though they used them as frequently as victims of online harassment. Differences in the effectiveness of coping strategies are discussed with regard to the intervention and prevention of cyberbullying.
De las libertades de Internet al tráfico: evolución del debate en torno a la neutralidad de la red
Authors: Castellet Homet Andreu , Aguado Terrón Juan Miguel , Martínez Martínez Inmaculada José
Published: February 2014

La neutralidad de Internet es uno de los asuntos más debatidos a la hora de diseñar las políticas públicas en relación con la red. Del modo en que este se va decantando depende crucialmente la preservación de los derechos de los usuarios en relación con la red de redes, tanto en su versión fija como en la móvil. De ahí su importancia para todos los sectores vinculados con los contenidos digitales. El trabajo analiza cómo las autoridades responsables han enfocado los problemas de la neutralidad en EE UU, Japón y Europa, con énfasis especial en la evolución del discurso de las autoridades en relación con el asunto. Los autores concluyen que los poderes públicos han concentrado la mayor parte de su esfuerzo en la cuestión de la regulación del tráfico, en detrimento de otros aspectos no menos relevantes.
A Single Case Study: treating Migraine Headache with Acupuncture, Chinese Herbs, and diet
Authors: Payant Misha-Josef
Published: February 2014

Background:

Acupuncture is an often sought-out treatment modality for migraine. The World Health Organization lists headache as one of the several conditions treated effectively by acupuncture.

Case Description:

This single case reports on a 32-year-old woman who presented with a 10-year history of migraine.

Methods:

The patient was treated with acupuncture, dietary modifications, and Chinese herbal medicine enemas over a course of 2 months.

Results:

The patient experienced pain relief that resulted in several months without any migraine.

Conclusion:

This article may aid in expanding practitioners’ treatment options to include a more diverse set of modalities such as Chinese herbal enemas. More research is needed to investigate the role of Oriental medicine and Chinese herbal enemas in the treatment of pain conditions.
A Pilot Feasibility Study of Whole-systems Ayurvedic Medicine and Yoga therapy for Weight Loss
Authors: Rioux Jennifer , Thomson Cynthia , Howerter Amy
Published: February 2014

Objective:

To develop and test the feasibility of a whole-systems lifestyle intervention for obesity treatment based on the practices of Ayurvedic medicine/ Yoga therapy.

Design:

A pre-post weight loss intervention pilot study using conventional and Ayurvedic diagnosis inclusion criteria, tailored treatment within a standardized treatment algorithm, and standardized data collection instruments for collecting Ayurvedic outcomes.

Participants:

A convenience sample of overweight/obese adult community members from Tucson, Arizona interested in a “holistic weight loss program” and meeting predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Intervention:

A comprehensive diet, activity, and lifestyle modification program based on principles of Ayurvedic medicine/yoga therapy with significant self-monitoring of lifestyle behaviors. The 3-month program was designed to change eating and activity patterns and to improve self-efficacy, quality of life, well-being, vitality, and self-awareness around food choices, stress management, and barriers to weight loss.

Primary Outcome Measures:

Changes in body weight, body mass index; body fat percentage, fat/lean mass, waist/hip circumference and ratio, and blood pressure.

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Diet and exercise self-efficacy scales; perceived stress scale; visual analog scales (VAS) of energy, appetite, stress, quality of life, well-being, and program satisfaction at all time points.

Results:

Twenty-two adults attended an in-person Ayurvedic screening; 17 initiated the intervention, and 12 completed the 3-month intervention. Twelve completed follow-up at 6 months and 11 completed follow-up at 9 months. Mean weight loss at 3 months was 3.54 kg (SD 4.76); 6 months: 4.63 kg, (SD 6.23) and 9 months: 5.9 kg (SD 8.52). Self-report of program satisfaction was more than 90% at all time points.

Conclusions:

An Ayurveda-/yoga-based lifestyle modification program is an acceptable and feasible approach to weight management. Data collection, including self-monitoring and conventional and Ayurvedic outcomes, did not unduly burden participants, with attrition similar to that of other weight loss studies.
Dielectric tunability near critical end point in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3
Authors: Iwata Makoto , Tanaka Kazuki , Maeda Masaki , Ishibashi Yoshihiro
Published: February 2014

The dielectric tunability in Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–9%PbTiO3 (PZN–9%PT) near the critical end point (CEP) under the electric field applied along the [001]- and [011]-directions (in the cubic coordinate) has been investigated. A large dielectric tunability of 87% along the [001]-direction has been found near CEP (at 184 °C and 1.75 kV/cm). It is expected that the tunability shows a small field hysteresis. It is useful to investigate ferroelectric materials showing the phase transition of the first-order in the search for high-tunability materials.
Electrical characteristics and short-channel effect of c-axis aligned crystal indium gallium zinc oxide transistor with short channel length
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Matsuda Shinpei , Matsubayashi Daisuke , Suzawa Hideomi , Sakakura Masayuki , Hanaoka Kazuya , Okazaki Yutaka , Yamamoto Tsutomu , Hondo Suguru , Hamada Takashi , Sasagawa Shinya , Nagai Masaharu , Hata Yuki , Maruyama Tetsunori , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: February 2014

A channel length of a c-axis aligned crystal indium gallium zinc oxide (CAAC-IGZO) transistor having low off-state current at a yA/µm level was decreased to 100 nm, and the electrical characteristics and short-channel effect of the CAAC-IGZO transistor were researched. As a result, we found that, in the CAAC-IGZO transistor with L = 100 nm, even with a gate insulator film having an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) = 11 nm, an extremely small off-state current of 380 yA/µm at 85 °C is maintained, in addition channel length dependence of the electrical characteristics is hardly seen. Favorable values of characteristics of the CAAC-IGZO transistor can be obtained, such as subthreshold slope (SS) = 77 mV/dec, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) = 73 mV/V, threshold voltage (V
th) = 0.65 V, and on-state current (I
on) = 65 µA/µm. These results suggest the possibility that the CAAC-IGZO transistor can be applied to an LSI in a deep submicron region.
The Role of Individual Coverage Health Reimbursement Arrangements—The Liger of Health Insurance?
Authors: Sommers Benjamin D.
Published: July 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses aspects of individual coverage health reimbursement arrangements and their expanded use over the last few years.
Online Search Interest in Gynecologists After the Release of the Film Barbie
Authors: Senechal Eva , Bray Charles F. , Worsham Christopher M. , Jena Anupam B.
Published: July 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates whether the film Barbie was associated with increased public interest in gynecologic care in the US after its release.
Qianggu Decoction Alleviated Osteoporosis by Promoting Osteogenesis of BMSCs through Mettl3‐Mediated m6A Methylation
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Yu Weizhong , E Yuan , Rui Lining , Jia Chuan , Zhu Wenke
Published: July 2024

Osteoporosis development is linked to abnormal bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), a prevalent mRNA modification, is known to influence BMSCs' osteogenic capacity. Qianggu decoction (QGD), a traditional Chinese medicine for osteoporosis, has unknown effects on BMSCs differentiation. This study investigates QGD's impact on BMSCs and its potential to ameliorate osteoporosis through m6A regulation. Using Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats with ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis, it is evaluated QGD's antiosteoporotic effects through micro‐CT, histology, Western blotting, and osteoblastogenesis markers. QGD is found to enhance bone tissue growth and upregulate osteogenic markers Runx2, OPN, and OCN. It also promoted BMSCs osteogenic differentiation, as shown by increased calcium nodules and ALP activity. QGD treatment significantly increased m6A RNA levels and Mettl3 expression in BMSCs. Silencing Mettl3 with siRNA negated QGD's osteogenic effects. Collectively, QGD may improve BMSCs differentiation and mitigate osteoporosis, potentially through Mettl3‐mediated m6A modification.
SonoPrint: Acoustically Assisted Volumetric 3D Printing for Composites
Authors: Agrawal Prajwal , Zhuang Shengyang , Dreher Simon , Mitter Sarthak , Ahmed Daniel
Published: July 2024

Advances in additive manufacturing in composites have transformed aerospace, medical devices, tissue engineering, and electronics. A key aspect of enhancing properties of 3D‐printed objects involves fine‐tuning the material by embedding and orienting reinforcement within the structure. Existing methods for orienting these reinforcements are limited by pattern types, alignment, and particle characteristics. Acoustics offers a versatile method to control the particles independent of their size, geometry, and charge, enabling intricate pattern formations. However, integrating acoustics into 3D printing has been challenging due to the scattering of the acoustic field between polymerized layers and unpolymerized resin, resulting in unwanted patterns. To address this challenge, SonoPrint, an innovative acoustically assisted volumetric 3D printer is developed that enables simultaneous reinforcement patterning and printing of the entire structure. SonoPrint generates mechanically tunable composite geometries by embedding reinforcement particles, such as microscopic glass, metal, and polystyrene, within the fabricated structure. This printer employs a standing wave field to create targeted particle motifs‐including parallel lines, radial lines, circles, rhombuses, hexagons, and polygons‐directly in the photosensitive resin, completing the print in just a few minutes. SonoPrint enhances structural properties and promises to advance volumetric printing, unlocking applications in tissue engineering, biohybrid robots, and composite fabrication.
Spray‐Drying‐Assisted Digital Light Processing for Highly Dense and Precise Three‐dimensional Printed Barium Titanate Ceramic Structures
Authors: Kim Hyungyong , Nam Jisoo , Kim Yong‐Il , Song Hyun‐Cheol , Ryu Jungho , Kim Miso
Published: July 2024

Photopolymerization‐based ceramic 3D printing, known as digital light processing (DLP), offers a valuable platform for rapidly prototyping previously unattainable intricate architectures without the need for additional molds. However, the presence of ceramic particles in photocurable suspensions introduces challenges, including elevated viscosity and diminished curing depth due to light‐ceramic particle interactions. This ultimately compromises the efficacy of the photocuring process, resulting in undesirable geometric inaccuracies. In this study, meticulously engineered lead‐free ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) ceramic granules, produced through a spray‐drying process, optimize ceramic suspension formulation. This approach enhances ceramic flowability and involves the judicious addition of a binder, yielding a uniform redispersion of ceramic particles within the matrix, while maintaining a bimodal particle size distribution with reduced diameters. Supported by both experimental and numerical simulations, this improves the rheological and curing properties, enabling the successful fabrication of highly dense, complex 3D‐printed BTO structures with excellent shape fidelity. Moreover, by carefully designing the thermal profiles, DLP 3D‐printed BTO ceramics exhibit impressive shape retention after debinding and sintering while demonstrating ferroelectric and dielectric performances comparable to their non‐3D‐printed counterparts. This study presents a transformative approach that unlocks the full potential of ceramic 3D DLP printing.
Improving High‐Rate and Long‐Life Cycling of Li4Ti5O12 Anode by Dual Doping of Cd2+ and Ge4+
Authors: Ali Basit , Muhammad Raz , Moeez Iqra , Park Jae‐Ho , Islam Mobinul , Cho Min‐Kyung , Kim Ji‐Young , Chung Kyung Yoon , Nam Kyung‐Wan
Published: July 2024

A kinetically favored Cd2+ and Ge4+ dual‐doped lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) anode material is designed for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Rietveld refinement reveals that introducing a 0.05 wt.% of Cd2+ at Li(8a) and Ge4+ at Ti(16d) sites brings no structural change in the spinel Li4Ti5O12. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) identifies Cd2+ and Ge4+ are homogenously doped in the Li4Ti5O12 lattice. High‐resolution powder diffraction (HRPD) confirmed that Cd2+ and Ge4+ doping in Li4Ti5O12 brings expansion in the lattice, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) shows the reduction in the particle size due to of Cd and Ge in the LTO lattice, and X‐ray photoluminescence spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the partial reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ ions on the surface of 0.05‐Cd‐Ge‐LTO electrodes to the pristine LTO. Furthermore, the 0.05‐Cd‐Ge‐Li4Ti5O12 electrode exhibits a superior rate performance and delivers a discharge capacity of ≈169.1 mAhg−1 at 0.1 current rates. It is worth mentioning that, the 0.05‐Cd‐Ge‐Li4Ti5O12 electrode brings outstanding cycling stability in Li+ half‐cell, having a capacity retention of 98.79% after 300 cycles at 2C. This proves that dual‐doping of Cd2+ at Li(8a) and Ge4+ at Ti(16d) sites in the Li4Ti5O12 lattice is an effective approach to obtain superior electrochemical performance as anode material in LIBs.
Biomimetic Exploration and Reflection on Switchable Coordination and Narrow‐Band Electrofluorochromic Devices
Authors: Yang Baige , Bai Hengyuan , Li Chenglong , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An
Published: July 2024

Electrofluorochromic (EFC) materials and devices with controllable fluorescence properties show great application potential in advanced anticounterfeiting, information storage and display. However, the low color purity caused by the broad emission spectra and underperforming switching time of the existing EFC materials limit their application. Through biomimetic exploration and the study of reversible electrochemical responsive coordination reactions, boron–nitrogen embedded polyaromatics (B,N‐PAHs) with narrow‐band emission and high color purity have been successfully integrated into EFC systems, which also help to better understand the role of boron in biological activity. The EFC device achieve good performance containing quenching efficiency greater than 90% within short switching time (ton: 0.6 s, toff: 2.4 s), and nearly no performance change after 200 cycles test. Three primary color (red, green, and blue) EFC devices are successfully prepared. In addition, new phenomena are obtained and discussed in this biomimetic exploration of related boron reactions. The success and harvest of this exploration are expected to provide new ideas for optimizing properties and broadening applications of EFC materials. Moreover, it may provide ideas and reference significance for further exploring and understanding the function of boron compounds in biological systems.
Delocalized Charge Transport in Thermoelectric Composites of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Wrapped with a P‐Type Polymer
Authors: Liu Ye , Yang Wenchao , Sharma Anirudh , Rosas‐Villalva Diego , Xu Han , Haque Md Azimul , Laquai Frédéric , Baran Derya
Published: July 2024

In this work, thermoelectric composites comprised of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) and a p‐type polymer, poly(3‐dodecylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3DDT), are produced by selectively dispersing the sc‐SWCNTs through P3DDT wrapping, followed by solution‐based deposition. Through comprehensive electrical and spectroscopic characterizations, coupled with a semi‐localized transport model, It is confirmed that, the sc‐SWCNT/P3DDT composites, when adequately doped with FeCl3, can exhibit highly delocalized charge carrier transport. This leads to thermoelectric power factors up to 98.2 µW mK−2. The efficient charge delocalization is enabled by the reduced coulombic binding energy at high carrier concentration, as well as the small transport barrier between the polymers and the SWCNTs. It is also shown that polymer wrapping of sc‐SWCNTs enhances phonon scattering, and sc‐SWCNT/P3DDT composites show lower thermal conductivity relative to unsorted SWCNTs mixed with P3DD. This study provides insight into the thermoelectric behavior of hybrid materials and also demonstrates the possibility of using sc‐SWCNTs as inclusions in composites for thermoelectrics.
Association of body mass index with muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness: A cross‐sectional study based on Chinese adolescents
Authors: Liu Lixin , Yang Junmin , Wang Yan , Jiao Ruisheng
Published: July 2024

Background

Muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness are important components of physical fitness and are important for the physical and mental health development of university students. However, obesity is also an important factor affecting physical fitness, and there are few studies on how body mass index (BMI), which reflects obesity, is associated with muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness among Chinese university students. Therefore, this study analyzed the association between BMI and muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness among Chinese university students in order to provide a reference and basis for promoting the development of physical fitness among Chinese university students.

Methods

A stratified whole‐group sampling method was used to test physical fitness items in 27 973 (15 527 boys, 55.51%) university students in 800 first‐ to fourth‐year university classes in Anhui, Fujian, Xinjiang, Shanghai, and Jiangxi, China. The physical fitness items included height, weight, standing long jump, 1000 m running (boys), and 800 m running (girls) items. Curvilinear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations that existed between BMI and standing long jump and VO2max.

Results

The BMI of Chinese 19–22 years old university students was (21.14 ± 2.92) kg/m2. The mean standing long jump score was (197.31 ± 34.07) cm. In general, the BMI reached the highest point of 207.92 cm when the BMI was 26.25 kg/m2, and then showed a decreasing trend with the increase of BMI. The overall relationship between BMI and vertical jump showed an inverted “U”‐shaped curve. In terms of VO2max, the overall trend of VO2max increased gradually with the increase of BMI, and when BMI reached 40 kg/m2, VO2max was 4.34 L‐kg−1‐min−1.

Conclusion

Chinese university students showed an inverted “U” curve relationship between BMI and standing long jump in general, while VO2max showed a gradual increase with increasing BMI. Compared with the cardiorespiratory fitness of Chinese university students, the effect of BMI changes on muscle strength was greater.
Investigating the changing dynamics of processing, temperature‐based mechanics, and flame retardancy in the transfer of ammonium polyphosphate/inorganic silicate flame retardants from epoxy resins to glass fiber composites
Authors: Sunder Sruthi , Jauregui Rozo Maria , Inasu Sneha , Schartel Bernhard , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: July 2024

Although numerous investigations study the improvement of flame retardancy of epoxy resins using additives, maintaining the flame retardant (FRs) modes of action present in the resins upon transfer to composites is challenging. In this study, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and inorganic silicate (InSi) are loaded at 10%, 30%, and 50% by weight, in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin cured with dicyandiamide and transferred to bidirectional (BD) glass fiber (GF) composites. Although a 50% loading of the FRs impacts the curing kinetics of the resin system, the effect on the glass transition temperature of the resin system remains negligible compared to reactive FRs in the state of the art integrated into the resin's chemical structure. Increasing the FR content improved the heat release characteristics in both the resins and composites. However, the charring mode of action is completely suppressed in the formulation with 10% APP + InSi. A 30% concentration of the FRs restored the charring action in the composite and the GFs provide increased protective layer action upon transfer to the composites. This study highlights the importance of accounting for the changing dynamics related to processing and flame retardancy upon transferring FRs from resins to composites.
Observer‐based spatiotemporal event‐triggered fuzzy resilient control for temperature profile of high‐speed spacecraft
Authors: Zhang Qiyuan , Song Xiaona , Song Shuai
Published: July 2024

This article proposes an observer‐based spatiotemporal event‐triggered fuzzy resilient controller design method for the temperature profile across the fin of high‐speed spacecraft. Initially, the considered nonlinear system is reconstructed via the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy rule. Then, to simultaneously realize the observation and control of the spacecraft surface temperature, an observer‐based point controller is proposed in terms of averaged measurements. In addition, taking the network congestion issue into consideration, a spatiotemporal event‐triggered mechanism and a quantization method are adopted to reduce data transmission and enhance bandwidth utilization. Furthermore, to resist cyberattacks and actuator faults, a fuzzy resilient control strategy is designed to ensure the stability of the closed‐loop system with
disturbance attenuation performance. Finally, simulation results for a cooling fin are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.