bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Dimensional Data Bootstrap
Authors: Chernozhukov Victor , Chetverikov Denis , Kato Kengo , Koike Yuta
Published: March 2023

This article reviews recent progress in high-dimensional bootstrap. We first review high-dimensional central limit theorems for distributions of sample mean vectors over the rectangles, bootstrap consistency results in high dimensions, and key techniques used to establish those results. We then review selected applications of high-dimensional bootstrap: construction of simultaneous confidence sets for high-dimensional vector parameters, multiple hypothesis testing via step-down, postselection inference, intersection bounds for partially identified parameters, and inference on best policies in policy evaluation. Finally, we also comment on a couple of future research directions.
Fluorinated Aluminum Foam for Dendrite-Free Na Metal Anodes
Authors: Shuai Yi , Hu Yilong , Lou Jin , Gong Xiongwei , Li Mingxi , Xu Zhixin , Deng Duoduo , Jiang Fenglin , Li Ming
Published: March 2023

Sodium metal batteries have attracted extensive attention because of the high availability and energy density of Na; however, the practical application of these batteries is significantly plagued by dendritic growth. Aluminum metal has a unique advantage as a current collector for sodium metal anodes because of its low density and low cost. However, problems with dense aluminum oxide mean its application in sodium metal anodes has seldom been studied. In this study, aluminum foam was fluorinated by a facile method and compounded with sodium metal at high temperatures to prepare a sodiophilic aluminum foam@sodium electrode (NaHFAl). Because of the sodiophilic surface, NaHFAl achieves a non-dendritic deposition morphology and markedly reduced voltage hysteresis in symmetric cells for over 2200 h. The NaHFAl/carbonate electrolyte/sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cell exhibited excellent cycle performance, with a capacity retention of 68% after 800 cycles. Our work provides an easily scalable and cost-effective approach for the development of high-performance sodium metal anodes.
Room Temperature Detection of Chlorpyrifos Using Thermally Oxidized Manganese and Copper Thin Films
Authors: Pattnaik S. , Ghosh S. P. , Sahoo K. , Kar J. P.
Published: March 2023

The usage of pesticides has increased rapidly over the past three decades to boost crop production and meet the global food demand. According to UN FAO, about 66% of the countries have reported an average increase in pesticide consumption of about 1.85 kg hectare−1 between 1990 and 2019. Chlorpyrifos is a widely used but hazardous pesticide, popular for domestic and agricultural applications. Real-time monitoring of Chlorpyrifos is necessary for its safe application due to its toxicity, even at the residue level. In this work, an attempt has been carried out to detect chlorpyrifos at room temperature using thermally oxidized manganese and copper thin films. Thermal oxidation of thin films has been carried out under air ambient at different temperatures ranging from 400 °C to 550 °C for manganese and 500 °C to 800 °C for copper thin films. Morphological investigation depicts nanobar-like morphology and irregular-sized clusters for various oxidation temperatures of manganese oxide thin films, and granular-like morphology with an increase in grain size has been observed for increasing oxidation temperature. Structural investigation using the XRD technique depicts the evolution of various phases of manganese oxide thin film and a single monoclinic phase for copper oxide thin film. Further, the RMS roughness of the manganese and copper film was found to vary differently with the rise in oxidation temperature. Copper oxide thin films have shown higher chlorpyrifos sensing response with sensitivity than thermally oxidized manganese thin films better sensing response towards chlorpyrifos. The sensitivity at room temperature is found to be around 30 and 250 for manganese oxide and copper oxide thin films, respectively.
A 3-D-printed synaptic puzzle contributes to students’ synaptic transmission comprehension
Authors: Carrazoni Guilherme Salgado , Chaves Amanda Dalla’corte , da Rocha Claudio Felipe Kolling , Mello-Carpes Pâmela Billig
Published: March 2023

We included a 3-dimensional puzzle (3Dsp) of electrical and chemical synapses in the physiology of synaptic transmission (ST) teaching. After a traditional or video lesson class, students from private and public universities were oriented to use the educational resource. More than 90% of the students affirmed that the 3Dsp improved their comprehension of ST content.
Multiomics profiling of the impact of an angiotensin (1–7)-expressing probiotic combined with exercise training in aged male rats
Authors: Baptista Liliana C. , Zumbro Emily L. , Graham Zachary A. , Hernandez Abbi R. , Buchanan Taylor , Sun Yi , Yang YouFeng , Banerjee Anisha , Verma Amrisha , Li Qiuhong , Carter Christy S. , Buford Thomas W.
Published: March 2023

This manuscript uses a multiomics approach (i.e., microbiome, metabolomics, and transcriptomics) to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by a genetically modified probiotic (GMP) designed to express angiotensin (1–7) combined with moderate exercise training in an aged male rat model. After 12 wk of intervention, our findings suggest that our GMP enhanced gut microbial diversity while exercise training altered the transcriptional response in relevant neuroremodeling genes, inflammation, and circadian rhythm signaling pathways in an aging animal model.
Endothelin A receptor inhibition increases nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation independent of superoxide in non-Hispanic Black young adults
Authors: Turner Casey G. , Hayat Matthew J. , Grosch Caroline , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Otis Jeffrey S. , Wong Brett J.
Published: March 2023

Endothelin-1 A receptors (ETARs) have been shown to reduce endothelial function independently and through increased production of superoxide. We show that independent ETAR inhibition increases microvascular endothelial function in non-Hispanic Black young adults. However, administration of a superoxide dismutase mimetic alone and in combination with ETAR inhibition had no effect on microvascular endothelial function suggesting that, in the cutaneous microvasculature, the negative effects of ETAR in non-Hispanic Black young adults are independent of superoxide production.
Muscle group-specific skeletal muscle aging: a 5-yr longitudinal study in septuagenarians
Authors: Naruse Masatoshi , Fountain William A. , Claiborne Alex , Finch W. Holmes , Trappe Scott , Trappe Todd A.
Published: March 2023

These longitudinal analyses of six muscle groups in septuagenarians provide novel information on the muscle group-specific aging process. Although the quadriceps, hamstrings, psoas, and rectus abdominis atrophied with different magnitudes, the lateral abdominals and paraspinals hypertrophied over the 5 years. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the skeletal muscle aging process and highlight the need to complete studies in this area with a muscle-specific focus.
Biomolecule Protective and Photocatalytic Potential of Cellulose Supported MoS2/GO Nanocomposite
Authors: Pervaiz Muhammad , Ur Rehman Muti , Ali Faisal , Younas Umer , Sillanpaa Mika , Kausar Rizwan , Alothman Asma A. , Ouladsmane Mohamed , Mazid Mohammad Abdul
Published: March 2023

In the current study, cellulose/MoS2/GO nanocomposite has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Reports published regarding efficiency of Mo and graphene oxide-based nanocomposites for environmental remediation motivated to synthesize cellulose supported MoS2/GO nanocomposite. Formation of nanocomposite was initially confirmed by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. Particle size and morphology of the nanocomposite were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was found having particle size ranging from 50 to 80 nm and heterogeneous structure. The XRD analysis also confirmed the structure of the nanocomposite having cellulose, MoS2, and GO. The synthesized nanocomposite was further tested for biomolecule protective potential employing different radical scavenging assays. Results of radical DPPH● (50%) and ABTS●+ (51%) scavenging studies indicate that nanocomposites can be used as a biomolecule protective agent. In addition, nanocomposite was also evaluated for photocatalytic potential, and the results showed excellent photocatalytic properties for the degradation of 4-nitrophenol up to 75% and methylene blue and methyl orange up to 85% and 70%, respectively. So, this study confirmed that cellulose supported/stabilized MoS2/GO nanocomposite can be synthesized by an ecofriendly, cost-effective, and easy hydrothermal method having promising biomolecule protective and photocatalytic potential.
T-Fiber, A Highland Barley Fiber-Rich Powder, Alleviates Hyperglycemia and Improves Kidney Pathology in Db/db Mice
Authors: Yang Yang , Yue Ma , Jing Han , Weijia Peng , Rongbiao Pi , Bo Yang , Zeyu Zhu
Published: March 2023

The role of dietary fiber in highland barley in lowering blood lipids has been continuously studied in recent years. However, its effects on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy are rarely studied. Considering that highland barley bran is rich in dietary fiber, the effective use of dietary fiber in highland barley bran can not only alleviate the symptoms of diabetes but also improve the local economy. This article aimed to study the effects of highland barley fiber-rich powder (T-fiber) with a high-quality natural dietary fiber ratio (insoluble fiber/soluble fiber = 3 : 1) on the symptoms of hyperglycemia in a diabetic mouse model. Compared with the model group’s blood glucose level (30.80 mmol/L), glucose tolerance (28.57 mmol/L), and glycosylated serum protein (2.43 mmol/L), T-fiber presented significant reductions in blood glucose (23.69 mmol/L), better glucose tolerance (21.32 mmol/L), and glycosylated serum protein (1.78 mmol/L) in the diabetic mouse model. Meanwhile, T-fiber effectively alleviated hepatocellular lesions. In addition, T-fiber not only improved kidney function by reducing the 24-hour urine output (8.25 ml), urine protein levels (11.51 mg), and serum creatinine (13.80 μmol/L) but also alleviated renal pathology, including glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and fibrosis. The above results proved the ability of T-fiber to reduce blood glucose and alleviate liver and renal function in diabetic mice. Altogether, T-fiber is a capable formula for utilizing highland barley bran dietary fiber, which alleviates diabetes symptoms and endows highland barley with promising value.
Evaluation of Four Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits Used at the Enyiresi Government Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Authors: Domfeh Seth A. , Darkwa Boateng Y. , Gablah Raymond K. , Adu-Asamoah Evans , Obirikorang Christian
Published: March 2023

Microscopic identification of Plasmodium spp. is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis. However, malaria rapid diagnostic test kits are also available for prompt diagnosis. This study evaluated four routinely used malaria rapid diagnostic test kits at the Enyiresi Government Hospital in the Eastern Region of Ghana. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 238 patients suspected of malaria. Venous blood samples were collected to identify Plasmodium falciparum using microscopic techniques. Further, the performances of four malaria rapid diagnostic test kits, First Response Malaria Ag Pf, Carestart Malaria Pf, SD Bioline Ag Pf, and ABON Malaria Pf, were evaluated using the results from the microscopy as the standard reference. As confirmed by microscopy, 65.5% (156/238) of the patients have falciparum malaria. All malaria rapid diagnostic test kits had sensitivities and specificities over 75% compared to microscopy results as the reference standard. However, the SD Bioline Ag Pf kit recorded the highest agreement with the microscopy (

Cohe
n
’
s
 
kappa
=
0.879

). All the malaria rapid diagnostic test kits performed quite well and can be used in emergencies. However, results from these kits need to be confirmed by microscopy.
Quality of Life of Palestinian Patients on Hemodialysis: Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Naseef Hani H. , Haj Ali Nadin , Arafat Arin , Khraishi Sawsan , AbuKhalil Abdallah Damin , Al-Shami Ni’meh , Ladadweh Hosniyeh , Alsheikh Mohammad , Rabba Abdullah K. , Asmar Imad T. , Sahoury Yousef
Published: March 2023

Background. Hemodialysis is life-saving and life-altering, affecting patients’ quality of life. The management of dialysis patients often focuses on renal replacement therapy to improve clinical outcomes and remove excess fluid; however, the patient’s quality of life is often not factored in. Objective. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the quality of life of patients on dialysis in Palestine using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-SFTM) questionnaire. Methods. A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted at multiple dialysis centers in Palestine, including 271 participants receiving renal replacement therapy. Demographics, socioeconomic, and disease status data were collected. The Arabic version of KDQOL-SFTM was used to assess dialysis patient quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS to find correlations among patient factors and the questionnaire’s three main domains, the kidney disease component summaries (KDCS), mental component summaries (MCS), and physical component summaries (PCS). Results. Mean KDCS, MCS, and PCS scores were 59.86, 47.10, and 41.15, respectively. KDC scores were lower among participants aged 40 years or older, with lower incomes, and with diabetes. PCS and MCS scores were lower among patients aged >40, less educated, and lower-income participants. There was a positive correlation between MCS and KDCS (r = 0.634,

P

-value <0.001), PCS and KDCS (r = 0.569,

P

-value <0.001), as well as MCS and PCS (r = 0.680,

P

-value <0.001). Conclusion. In this study, the KDQOL-SFTM questionnaire revealed lower PCS scores among hemodialysis patients in Palestine. Furthermore, the three domains of the questionnaire were adversely affected by patient income and education status. In addition, physical role, work status, and emotional role showed the lowest scores among the three main domains. Therefore, continuous assessment of patients’ quality of life during their journey of hemodialysis using the KDQOL-SFTM along with the clinical assessment will allow the healthcare professionals to provide interventions to optimize their care.
Comprehensive Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Psoriatic Patient
Authors: Rasyid Al , Mesiano Taufik , Kurniawan Mohammad , Hidayat Rakhmad , Eddy Yunus Reyhan , Novianto Endi , Ocktafiani Ocktafiani , Wiyarta Elvan , Harris Salim
Published: March 2023

Background. Stroke is one of the top causes of death and disability in several nations. Patients with psoriasis are susceptible to multiple comorbidities, including stroke. In addition to acute ischemic stroke, psoriasis and chronic inflammation require comprehensive treatment. Here, we present a comprehensive management case of a patient with an acute ischemic stroke and psoriasis. Case Presentation. A 42-year-old man came to the emergency department complaining of sudden left-sided weakness that started two and a half hours before being admitted to the hospital. The patient was treated with cyclosporine from 2013 to 2019 for a history of psoriasis. The patient was then treated for secondary stroke prevention using aspirin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, simvastatin, cyclosporine, and topical treatment. After two days of treatment, the patient’s condition improved clinically, and he was discharged without further neurological deficits. As a home medication, the patient’s cyclosporine was switched to the initial dose of methotrexate (7.5 mg/week) and titrated weekly to a response dose of 10 mg in the 10th week. After three months of follow-up, the patient’s condition remained stable, devoid of similar symptoms or sequelae. Conclusions. Cyclosporine should only be used for a maximum of 1 year for stroke management with psoriasis and be substituted for other systemic agents such as methotrexate. In addition, anticoagulants, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, vitamin B6, vitamin 12, and folic acid regimens are highly recommended for comprehensive therapy of cardiovascular comorbidities.
Vermicompost and NPSZnB Fertilizer Levels on Maize (Zea mays L.) Growth, Yield Component, and Yield at Guto Gida, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tufa Abdela
Published: March 2023

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers together increases crop productivity and soil fertility. However, it is crucial to identify the combined application level. A field experiment was carried out in the Guto Gida district in 2021 to determine the effect of vermicompost levels and chemically mixed NPSZnB fertilizer rates on the growth and yield of maize. Four vermicompost levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 t·ha−1) combined with four artificial NPSZnB fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha−1) were used for the study in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replicates. Crop phenology and biomass yield were both significantly influenced by the main effects of vermicompost level and NPSZnB rate. Vermicompost and NPSZnB fertilizer applied together had a large effect on plant height, leaf area index, ear weight, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield. The largest grain yield (8.03 t·ha−1) was produced by the interaction of vermicompost at 7.5 t·ha−1 with 150 kg·ha−1 NPSZnB, followed by all levels of vermicompost at and above 5 t·ha−1 with 100 and 150 kg·ha−1 NPSZnB. Additionally, plots treated with a combined application of vermicompost and NPSZnB fertilizer at rates of 5 t·ha−1 × 100 kg·ha−1 and 5 t·ha−1 × 150 kg·ha−1, respectively, recorded the greatest values of ear weight (276.1 g) and thousand kernel weight (49.79 g). However, the lower yield was obtained from plots that were untreated with both vermicompost and NPSZnB, and the plot treated only with 50–150 kg·ha−1 of NPSZnB. In conclusion, integrated applications of vermicompost at 5 t·ha−1 and NPSZnB fertilizer at 100 kg·ha−1 increased maize yield by about 10.36%, with a net benefit of 140486.00 ETB·ha−1 and a marginal rate of return of 797.98%. As a result, vermicompost application at 5 t·ha−1 rate with synthetic NPSZnB fertilizer at 100 kg·ha−1 is found suitable for the study area.
Are High Levels of Microsatellite Instability and Microsatellite Stability Identical in DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer Patients?
Authors: Qiu Yan-Yu , Zeng Yi-Xin , Cheng Yong
Published: March 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether there is a difference between high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and microsatellite stability (MSS) in DNA mismatch repair-deficient (DMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods. A total of 452 CRC patients with DMMR from December, 2014, to April, 2021, in our hospital were selected retrospectively. However, only 105 patients underwent Sanger or next-generation-sequencing (NGS) to confirm their microsatellite status. Ultimately, 55 MSI-H patients and 20 MSS patients with intact medical record information were included in this study. Results. The MSS group was associated with a higher mutation rate in the KRAS gene (

P
=
0.011

). Meanwhile, MSI-H was related to colon cancer (

P
<
0.01

). However, no significant differences in other clinical characteristics were observed between the two groups of patients. There was no significant difference between the MSI-H and MSS groups in terms of overall survival (OS) (

P
=
0.398

) and disease-free survival (DFS) (

P
=
0.307

). Conclusion. The MSI-H status was associated with colon cancer and a lower mutation rate of the KRAS gene in DMMR patients. In CRC-DMMR patients, the MSS group exhibited better OS and DFS than the MSI-H group, although these differences were not statistically significant. Accordingly, in clinical practice, we should not confuse these two types of patients.
Theoretical Error Analysis of Hybrid Finite Difference–Asymptotic Interpolation Method for Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow
Authors: Mahadi Shafaruniza , Yeak Su Hoe , Arbin Norazam , Salah Faisal
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we utilized a hybrid method for the unsteady flow of the non-Newtonian third-grade fluid that combines the finite difference with the asymptotic interpolation method. This hybrid method is used to satisfy the semiunbound domain condition of the fluid flow’s length approaching infinity. The primary issue with this research is how much of the hybrid approach’s error may be accepted to guarantee that the method is significant. This paper discussed theoretical error analysis for numerical solutions, including the range and norm of error. The perturbation method’s concept is used to assess the hybrid method’s error. It is discovered that the hybrid approach’s relative error norm is lower than that of the finite difference method. In terms of the error standard, the hybrid approach is more consistent. Error analysis is performed to check for the accuracy as well as the platform for variable mesh size finite difference method in the future research.
Minimal Residual Disease Data in Hematologic Malignancy Drug Applications and Labeling: An FDA Perspective
Authors: Baines Andrea C. , Yazdy Maryam Sarraf , Kasamon Yvette L. , Ershler Rachel , Jen Emily Y. , Kanapuru Bindu , Richardson Nicholas C. , Lane Ashley , Carioti Theresa , Theoret Marc R. , Pazdur Richard , Gormley Nicole J.
Published: March 2023

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is increasingly used as a prognostic biomarker, a measure of clinical efficacy, and a guide for treatment decisions in various hematologic malignancies. We sought to characterize MRD data in registrational trials in hematologic malignancies submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with the ultimate goal of expanding the utility of MRD data in future drug applications. We descriptively analyzed MRD data collected in registrational trials, including the type of MRD endpoint, assay, disease compartment(s) assessed, and the acceptance of MRD data in the U.S. prescribing information (USPI). Of 196 drug applications submitted between January 2014 and February 2021, 55 (28%) included MRD data. Of the 55 applications, MRD data was proposed by the Applicant for inclusion in the USPI in 41 (75%) applications but was included in only 24 (59%). Despite an increasing number of applications that proposed to include MRD data in the USPI, the acceptance rate decreased over time. Although MRD data have the potential to expedite drug development, our analysis identified challenges and specific areas for improvement, including assay validation, standardization of collection methods to optimize performance, and considerations in trial design and statistical methodology.
Structurally Complex Osteosarcoma Genomes Exhibit Limited Heterogeneity within Individual Tumors and across Evolutionary Time
Authors: Rajan Sanjana , Zaccaria Simone , Cannon Matthew V. , Cam Maren , Gross Amy C. , Raphael Benjamin J. , Roberts Ryan D.
Published: March 2023

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy characterized by high genomic complexity. Identification of few recurrent mutations in protein coding genes suggests that somatic copy-number aberrations (SCNA) are the genetic drivers of disease. Models around genomic instability conflict—it is unclear whether osteosarcomas result from pervasive ongoing clonal evolution with continuous optimization of the fitness landscape or an early catastrophic event followed by stable maintenance of an abnormal genome. We address this question by investigating SCNAs in >12,000 tumor cells obtained from human osteosarcomas using single-cell DNA sequencing, with a degree of precision and accuracy not possible when inferring single-cell states using bulk sequencing. Using the CHISEL algorithm, we inferred allele- and haplotype-specific SCNAs from this whole-genome single-cell DNA sequencing data. Surprisingly, despite extensive structural complexity, these tumors exhibit a high degree of cell-cell homogeneity with little subclonal diversification. Longitudinal analysis of patient samples obtained at distant therapeutic timepoints (diagnosis, relapse) demonstrated remarkable conservation of SCNA profiles over tumor evolution. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the majority of SCNAs were acquired early in the oncogenic process, with relatively few structure-altering events arising in response to therapy or during adaptation to growth in metastatic tissues. These data further support the emerging hypothesis that early catastrophic events, rather than sustained genomic instability, give rise to structural complexity, which is then preserved over long periods of tumor developmental time.

Significance:

Chromosomally complex tumors are often described as genomically unstable. However, determining whether complexity arises from remote time-limited events that give rise to structural alterations or a progressive accumulation of structural events in persistently unstable tumors has implications for diagnosis, biomarker assessment, mechanisms of treatment resistance, and represents a conceptual advance in our understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor evolution.
Induction of PARP7 Creates a Vulnerability for Growth Inhibition by RBN2397 in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Chunsong , Wierbiłowicz Krzysztof , Dworak Natalia M. , Bae Song Yi , Tengse Sachi B. , Abianeh Nicki , Drake Justin M. , Abbas Tarek , Ratan Aakrosh , Wotton David , Paschal Bryce M.
Published: March 2023

The ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP7 modulates protein function by conjugating ADP-ribose to the side chains of acceptor amino acids. PARP7 has been shown to affect gene expression in prostate cancer cells and certain other cell types by mechanisms that include transcription factor ADP-ribosylation. Here, we use a recently developed catalytic inhibitor to PARP7, RBN2397, to study the effects of PARP7 inhibition in androgen receptor (AR)-positive and AR-negative prostate cancer cells. We find that RBN2397 has nanomolar potency for inhibiting androgen-induced ADP-ribosylation of the AR. RBN2397 inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells in culture when cells are treated with ligands that activate the AR, or the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and induce PARP7 expression. We show that the growth-inhibitory effects of RBN2397 are distinct from its enhancement of IFN signaling recently shown to promote tumor immunogenicity. RBN2397 treatment also induces trapping of PARP7 in a detergent-resistant fraction within the nucleus, which is reminiscent of how inhibitors such as talazoparib affect PARP1 compartmentalization. Because PARP7 is expressed in AR-negative metastatic tumors and RBN2397 can affect cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, PARP7 may be an actionable target in advanced prostate cancer.

Significance:

RBN2397 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PARP7 that reduces the growth of prostate cancer cells, including a model for treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer. RBN2397 induces PARP7 trapping on chromatin, suggesting its mechanism of action might be similar to clinically used PARP1 inhibitors.
Randomized Control Trial of the Impact of Patient Decision Aid Developed for Chinese Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Zhu Ming Ming , Choy Bonnie N.K. , Lam Wendy W.T. , Shum Jennifer W.H.
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Patient decision aid (PDA) is a tool to prompt shared decision-making. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a PDA on Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods: All subjects were randomized into control and PDA group. The questionnaires, including 1) glaucoma knowledge; 2) 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8); 3) 10-item glaucoma medication adherence self-efficacy scale (GMASES-10); and 4) 16-item decision conflict scale (DCS), were evaluated at baseline, 3- and 6-month follow-up. Results: Totally, 156 subjects participated in this study, including 77 in the control group and 79 in the PDA group. Compared to the control group, PDA group showed around 1 point more improvement in disease knowledge at both 3 and 6 months (both p < 0.05), 2.5 (95% CI: [1.0, 4.1]) and 1.9 (95% CI: [0.2, 3.7]) points more improvement in GMASES-10 at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and reduction in DCS by 8.8 (95% CI: [4.6, 12.9]) points more at 3 months and 13.5 (95% CI: [8.9, 18.0]) points more at 6 months. No difference was detected in MMAS-8. Conclusion: PDA led to improvement in disease knowledge and self-confidence in medication adherence and reduced decision conflict compared to control group for at least 6 months.
Assessoria técnica em terras indígenas: a experiência de projeto e construção da Casa de Cultura Xakriabá
Authors: Campos Thiago Barbosa de
Published: March 2023

Este trabalho discute aspectos da assessoria técnica no âmbito da arquitetura e urbanismo a partir do estudo de caso de planejamento e construção da Casa de Cultura Xakriabá. Primeiramente, são apresentados argumentos de pesquisadores que afirmam que o planejamento concentrado nas mãos de arquitetos é limitador da liberdade de decisão e ação das pessoas que serão impactadas pela alteração em seus espaços de vida. Argumenta-se ainda que, para superar esta condição, a assessoria técnica deve dar ênfase no processo de produção, mais do que no produto a ser construído, e que uma atuação possível seria ampliar as possibilidades tecnológicas e os saberes construtivos dos assessorados. Na sequência, é descrita a gênese, o planejamento, a atuação da equipe de obra, o uso de materiais e técnicas construtivas e a pós ocupação da Casa de Cultura Xakriabá. Por fim, é feita a análise crítica sobre o estudo de caso. As principais conclusões são: (1) a elaboração de projeto arquitetônico em etapa prévia à construção limitou a autonomia dos indígenas, e (2) as adequações sociotécnicas promovidas, ainda que concentradas em poucas pessoas, podem ampliar a autonomia dos Xakriabá para produzir seus espaços de vida.
Urine Cell Transcriptomes Implicate Specific Renal Inflammatory Pathways Associated With Difficult‐to‐Control Hypertension
Authors: Umanath Kausik , She Ruicong , Hassett Clare , Adrianto Indra , Levin Albert M. , Savickas Gina , Yee Jerry , Ortiz Pablo
Published: March 2023

Background

The renal mechanisms involved in the maintenance of human hypertension and resistance to treatment are not well understood. Animal studies suggest that chronic renal inflammation contributes to hypertension. We studied cells shed in first‐morning urine samples from individuals who were hypertensive who exhibited difficult‐to‐control blood pressure (BP). We performed bulk RNA sequencing of these shed cells to develop transcriptome‐wide associations with BP. We also analyzed nephron‐specific genes and used an unbiased bioinformatic approach to find signaling pathways activated in difficult‐to‐control hypertension.

Methods and Results

Participants who completed the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) at a single trial site were recruited, and cells shed in first‐morning urine samples collected. A total of 47 participants were divided into 2 groups based on hypertension control. The BP‐difficult group (n=29) had systolic BP>140 mm Hg, >120 mm Hg after intensive treatment for hypertension, or required more than the median number of antihypertensive drugs used in SPRINT. The easy‐to‐control BP group (n=18) comprised the remainder of the participants. A total of 60 differentially expressed genes were identified with a >2‐fold change in the BP‐difficult group. In BP‐difficult participants, 2 of the most upregulated genes were associated with inflammation: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induced Protien 6 (fold change, 7.76;
P
=0.006) and Serpin Family B Member 9 (fold change, 5.10;
P
=0.007). Biological pathway analysis revealed an overrepresentation of inflammatory networks, including interferon signaling, granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, and Janus Kinase family kinases in the BP‐difficult group (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

We conclude that transcriptomes from cells shed in first‐morning urine identify a gene expression profile in difficult‐to‐control hypertension that associates with renal inflammation.
Diabetes Induces Cardiac Fibroblast Activation, Promoting a Matrix‐Preserving Nonmyofibroblast Phenotype, Without Stimulating Pericyte to Fibroblast Conversion
Authors: Alex Linda , Tuleta Izabela , Hanna Anis , Frangogiannis Nikolaos G.
Published: March 2023

Background

Interstitial and perivascular fibrosis may contribute to diabetes‐associated heart failure. Pericytes can convert to fibroblasts under conditions of stress and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We hypothesized that in diabetic hearts, pericytes may convert to fibroblasts, contributing to fibrosis and to the development of diastolic dysfunction.

Methods and Results

Using pericyte:fibroblast dual reporter (NG2
Dsred
[neuron‐glial antigen 2 red fluorescent protein variant]; PDGFRα
EGFP
[platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha enhanced green fluorescent protein]) mice in a type 2 diabetic db/db background, we found that diabetes does not significantly affect pericyte density but reduces the myocardial pericyte:fibroblast ratio. Lineage tracing using the inducible NG2
CreER
driver, along with reliable labeling of fibroblasts with the PDGFRα reporter system, showed no significant pericyte to fibroblast conversion in lean and db/db hearts. In addition, db/db mouse cardiac fibroblasts did not undergo myofibroblast conversion and had no significant induction of structural collagens but exhibited a matrix‐preserving phenotype, associated with increased expression of antiproteases, matricellular genes, matrix cross‐linking enzymes, and the fibrogenic transcription factor
cMyc
. In contrast, db/db mouse cardiac pericytes had increased expression of
Timp3
, without any changes in expression of other fibrosis‐associated genes. The matrix‐preserving phenotype of diabetic fibroblasts was associated with induction of genes encoding oxidative (
Ptgs2
/cycloxygenase‐2, and
Fmo2
) and antioxidant proteins (
Hmox1
,
Sod1
). In vitro, high glucose partially recapitulated the in vivo changes in diabetic fibroblasts.

Conclusions

Diabetic fibrosis is not mediated through pericyte to fibroblast conversion but involves acquisition of a matrix‐preserving fibroblast program, which is independent of myofibroblast conversion and is only partially explained by the effects of the hyperglycemic environment.
Association of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Versus Aortic Dissection on Outcomes After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Hasan Irsa S. , Brown James A. , Serna‐Gallegos Derek , Aranda‐Michel Edgar , Yousef Sarah , Wang Yisi , Sultan Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

Background

Because thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become the standard of care for complicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD) and descending thoracic aortic (DTA) aneurysm, it is important to understand outcomes and use of TEVAR across thoracic aortic pathologies.

Methods and Results

This was an observational study of patients with TBAD or DTA undergoing TEVAR from 2010 to 2018, using the Nationwide Readmissions Database. In‐hospital mortality, postoperative complications, admission costs, and 30‐ and 90‐day readmissions were compared between the groups. Mixed model logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with mortality. An estimated total of 12 824 patients underwent TEVAR nationally, of which 6043 had an indication of TBAD and 6781 of DTA. Patients with aneurysms were more likely to be older, women, have cardiovascular disease, and have chronic pulmonary disease compared with patients with TBAD. Weighted in‐hospital mortality was higher for TBAD (8% [1054/12 711] versus 3% [433/14 407],
P
<0.001), compared with DTA, as were all postoperative complications. Patients with TBAD had a higher cost of care during their index admission (57.3 versus 38.8 × $1000,
P
<0.001), compared with DTA. The 30‐day and 90‐day weighted readmissions were more frequent for the TBAD group compared with DTA (20% [1867/12 711] and 30% [2924/12 711] versus 15% [1603/14 407] and 25% [2695/14 407], respectively,
P
<0.001). On multivariable adjustment, TBAD was independently associated with mortality (odds ratio, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.68–2.52];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

After TEVAR, patients who presented with TBAD had higher rates of postoperative complications, in‐hospital mortality, and cost compared with DTA. The incidence of early readmission was substantial for patients undergoing TEVAR, faring worse for those undergoing TEVAR for TBAD as compared with DTA.
From “Thoughts on March 8” to “Gap” and “The Sufferings of Liping”: Mate Selection and Marriage in Three Works by Yan’an Authors
Authors: Barr Allan H.
Published: March 2023

During China’s war with Japan from 1937 to 1945, the Communist-controlled border regions in north China saw an influx of progressive, patriotic youth from other parts of the country, bringing these new arrivals into contact with officials and army officers in the Communist power structure. Marriage was one potential outcome of such interactions, but while offering certain advantages it was often seen as problematic, with questions raised about the motives and methods of the parties involved. Given its sensitive nature, the subject of mate choice could only briefly be explored in literary works before an ideological clampdown was imposed in the late spring and summer of 1942. This article examines the key works that addressed the issue at the time and details the criticisms that followed their publication. It begins with a close reading of the relevant passage in “Sanbajie you gan” (Thoughts on March 8), the famous essay by Ding Ling (1904-86), and goes on to consider two stories by younger Yan’an authors, Ma Jia (1910-2004) and Mo Ye (1918-86), who broached the topics of mate choice and marriage shortly before and after Ding Ling wrote her essay. Together these works, published during the relatively liberal period leading up to the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art, reveal some critical fault lines within the revolutionary coalition. To this article is appended a full translation of Mo Ye’s story “Liping de fannao” (The sufferings of Liping), which vividly depicts a young woman’s struggle to reconcile her choice of marriage partner with her self-image as a progressive woman.
Species-specific detection of viable Globodera pallida using real-time reverse transcription PCR
Authors: Sakata Itaru , Kushida Atsuhiko , Toyota Koki
Published: March 2023

Globodera pallida is a major pest of potatoes worldwide. In Japan, aiming at eradication of G. pallida, control measures have been implemented in infested fields. To determine the necessity of control measures, the detection of viable G. pallida is required. However, the conventional inoculation test performed in Japan, named the ‘cup test,’ is time-consuming, and conventional PCR methods targeting DNA can detect dead individuals. In this study, we developed an intercalator-based RT-qPCR method for the rapid detection of viable G. pallida. We designed a primer set for the partial cDNA sequence of the Y45F10D.4 gene of G. pallida. This primer set successfully amplified Y45F10D.4 mRNA of all tested G. pallida populations without any cross-reactions with other species. The RT-qPCR method detected RNA corresponding to a minimum of 3.9 G. pallida eggs, and a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentrations of RNA extracted from viable eggs and the Ct values. In addition, no amplification by RT-qPCR was observed in G. pallida treated with 1,3-Dichloropropene, indicating that this method detected viable G. pallida specifically. We then compared the detection sensitivity between the cup test and RT-qPCR method using 24 soil samples, and the results showed that the detection sensitivity of the RT-qPCR method was higher than that of the cup test. The RT-qPCR method enabled the rapid and reliable detection of viable G. pallida.
Description of two new Cryptaphelenchus species from China and Japan
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Ma Xinxin , Castillo Pablo , Munawar Maria
Published: March 2023

The study aims to provide the morphological and molecular characterisation of two newly discovered Cryptaphelenchus species, namely: C. curvatum n. sp. and C. tumidus n. sp. Morphologically both species are minute nematodes, possess medium-sized stylets with basal knobs laterally directed, and short post-uterine sacs (PUS). Cryptaphelenchus curvatum n. sp. was detected from the local Pinus branch samples and is characterised by having an equal proportion of adult males and females, medium-sized body lengths of females 353 (320-388) μm and males 277 (256-293) μm, lateral fields with four lateral lines, 8-10 μm long stylet, PUS about one vulva body width long and conical posterior body end with a blunt pointed tip. Cryptaphelenchus tumidus n. sp. was detected in a packaging wood sample from Japan and is characterised by having rare male, short body lengths of females 236 (217-270) μm and males 180 μm, obscure lateral fields, stylet 6.8 (6.0-7.5) μm, PUS about half vulva body width long and a slim conical posterior body end with a finely rounded tip. The phylogenetic trees were also constructed based on rRNA gene sequences (D2-D3 segments of the 28S, ITS and 18S) and discussed in detail. Since Cryptaphelenchus species offer multitrophic relationships among their insect vectors and associated microbiota, species recognition and molecular studies of recovered populations will facilitate researchers to determine whether these species might play any ecological roles in insect bionomics or the residing host tree.
Some Reluctant Skepticism about Rational Insight
Authors: Bogardus Tomas , Burton Michael
Published: March 2023

There is much to admire in John Pittard’s recent book on the epistemology of disagreement. But here we develop one concern about the role that rational insight plays in his project. Pittard develops and defends a view on which a party to peer disagreement can show substantial partiality to his own view, so long as he enjoys even moderate rational insight into the truth of his view or the cogency of his reasoning for his view. Pittard argues that this may happen in ordinary cases of religious disagreement—cases in which it’s a live skeptical possibility that one is misdescribing his insight, or not having insight at all—and therefore one need not be strongly conciliatory even in the face of peer disagreement. Yet Pittard agrees that one should be strongly conciliatory in cases of disagreement involving, e.g., visual perception and dim rational insight, since the sort of fallible, corrigible evidence involved in such cases may be counterbalanced by symmetrical evidence on the part of one’s disagreeing peer. We worry that there’s an inconsistency here. If it’s unreasonable to show partiality to one’s visual experience (or dim rational insight) in cases like “Horse Race” and “Restaurant Check,” it’s likewise unreasonable to show partiality in religious disagreements to one’s moderate rational insight, fallible and corrigible as it is.
Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of “tetraphyllidean” tapeworms from elasmobranchs
Authors: BUENO VERONICA M. , CAIRA JANINE N.
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to expand understanding of a poorly known group of cestodes that parasitize an intriguingly diverse suite of elasmobranchs. The group’s three currently described members (i.e., Pentaloculum macrocephalum, Pentaloculum hoi, and Zyxibothrium kamienae) parasitize an electric ray, a carpet shark, and a skate, respectively. Pentaloculum grahami n. sp. is described from a second genus of carpet shark, specifically Parascyllium collare, in Australia. Zyxibothrium duffyi n. sp. and Zyxibothrium healyae n. sp. are described from the deep-sea skates Brochiraja asperula and Brochiraja spinifera, respectively off New Zealand. The three new species share distinctive bothridia that bear a small number of large, circular, facial loculi and lateral bands of vitelline follicles that converge posterior to the ovary—features which are found in all other members of these genera. Zyxibothrium healyae n. sp. is unique in possessing three, rather than four or five, facial loculi. Zyxibothrium duffyi n. sp. possesses a combination of five facial loculi and vitelline follicles that stop short of the anterior margin of the proglottid. Pentaloculum grahami n. sp. is the largest member of the group with the greatest number of proglottids. Based on striking similarities in scolex morphology, Pentaloculum and Zyxibothrium have been hypothesized to belong to a distinct subgroup of “tetraphyllideans” provisionally designated as Clade 1. Based on sequence data for the D1–D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene generated for species of Zyxibothrium for the first time, we confirm the reciprocal monophyly of both genera as well as the monophyly of Clade 1 and its status as a distinct lineage among the “Tetraphyllidea”. This work also suggests that the presence of five facial loculi is homoplasious given this character state is found in members of both genera. The new species expand the host associations of Clade 1 to include additional skate and carpet shark genera. Moving forward we would expect to find additional members of this group parasitizing other species of parascyliid carpet sharks as well as other species of the rajid genus Malacoraja and the arhynchobatid genus Brochiraja. Here we have doubled the number of described species in the taxon referred to as Clade 1 while simultaneously expanding our understanding of the morphology and anatomy of its members. This additional information will help inform the ultimate revision of the ordinal classification of the cestodes to address the highly polyphyletic nature of the order “Tetraphyllidea” as it is currently configured.
Susan Isaacs
Authors: Graham Philip
Published: March 2023

This revised and expanded edition of Susan Isaacs: A Life Freeing the Minds of Children by Philip Graham, provides a comprehensive biography of a highly influential educationist and psychoanalyst. The book covers Isaacs’ childhood through to the end of her life, making it of great interest to historians of British education and of psychoanalysis as well as to practicing early years teachers and psychoanalysts.

Graham describes the origins of the theories behind Isaacs’ work while also placing her contribution into context with other contemporary educationists. He draws on a range of sources including her own published and unpublished papers, multiple archives and intimate letters. Such wealth of information and anecdotes gives an insight into her childhood, marriage, and career creating a deeper understanding of both Isaacs’ personal life and her achievements.

As only the second biography on Isaacs, this book is a valuable resource that shines a light on the life of a figure who has often been neglected in this field of study. It provides a shift away from the various male-dominated accounts currently prevalent within this area of research. Susan Isaacs is crucial reading to raise our awareness and appreciation of the person behind the work, while also highlighting and celebrating the impact she has made on today’s education and psychoanalytic practice.