bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human capital of the Arctic: problems and development prospects
Authors: Korchak E A , Serova N A , Emelyanova E E , Yakovchuk A A
Published: August 2019

The goal of the present research is to make comparative analysis of the development of human capital of circumpolar countries as the primary factor of sustainable development of the Arctic regions. In the context of Russia’s Arctic policy formation, the study of foreign countries experience in the development of human capital in the Arctic territories is seen by us particularly topical. In the course of the study, the main characteristics of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar states were identified, and their specific characteristics were determined. These include low population density, uncomfortable weather and climatic conditions, inaccessibility and farness of settlements from economic and administrative centres, the raw material orientation and non-diversified nature of the economy. The multidirectional migration processes, as well as migration influence on the characteristics of the population and, hence, on the structure and quality of human capital were determined as essential features of the territorial development of circumpolar countries. The main problems of the qualitative accumulation and effective use of human capital in the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries, the key of which is the phenomenon of unemployment, were revealed. For the Arctic territories of Russia, poverty of the population, a high proportion of poor families with children, and low life expectancy have been were defined as a threat to the degradation of human capital. The general strategic lines of circumpolar states in the development of the Arctic territories which are relevant for the Russian state regulation of the development of the Arctic territories were determined. The study was carried out within the framework of project AAAA-A18-118051590118-0 “Comprehensive interdisciplinary research and economic and mathematical modeling of the socio-economic transformation and management of regions and municipalities of the North-Arctic territories of Russia”.
Teenagers and Alcohol in the Arctic Region: Factors, Features, Prospects for Prevention on the Example of the Kola Peninsula Region
Authors: Pryalukhina A , Trotsenko A , Khrapenko I
Published: August 2019

The paper is devoted to the development of addictive behavior in adolescents and the possibilities of its prevention. The authors presented a theoretical analysis of alcoholism in general and identified the main issues on the example of adolescents of the Kola Peninsula. This paper focuses on the environmental peculiarities of the problem, since living conditions in the polar region contribute to the development of addictive behavior. The study involved 539 respondents of both sexes, with an average age of 15 years, who formed two groups: deviant and standardized adolescents. Considering that subjects with addictions could modify their answers to be more socially desirable, the deviant group was formed based on the data provided by organizations working with them. The empirical research identified the psychological factors of alcohol addiction of adolescents, determined and analyzed their manifestations specific for this age group. It presented detailed prescription of mental states, alcohol consumption motives, communication and organizational skills, specificity of responsible behavior, locus control, style of family education and relations. The research also revealed the relationship between these indicators. It was found that adolescents with alcohol addiction had problems with somatic and mental health; the motives for alcohol consumption included social, pseudo-cultural and hedonistic motives. The mental state of adolescents affected the alcohol addiction and depended on their communication skills. The study of the locus control in both groups revealed no significant differences. Both groups had the prevalence of the external locus control and the low level of responsible behavior. The research showed that the preferences of a specific paternalism leaded to the formation of a propensity for alcohol consumption. The paper identified the key aspects of adolescent alcoholism in Kola Peninsula region, which could be used as basis for prevention activities.
Analysis of the economic relations of the circumpolar countries
Authors: Kikkas K N , Kulik S V , Krepkaia T N , Mokhorov D A
Published: August 2019

The article analyzes the relationship of the circumpolar countries in the framework of the sustainable development concept. The hypothesis of the interdependence of the development of circumpolar countries is considered. Interdependence in the development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries has two conditions. The first condition means that it is obligatory to coordinate the policies of the circumpolar countries, aimed at developing the links between the circumpolar countries. The second condition means that income growth in the Arctic territory in one country stimulates income growth in the Arctic territory of the other countries. Foreign trade turnover is adopted as an indicator for assessing the volume and dynamics of trade cooperation among the countries. External debt and the volume of foreign direct investment in the circumpolar countries are adopted as indicators for the analysis of investment interaction and credit-and-financial interaction of the countries. The analysis of interaction in the field of ecology and environmental management was based on the study of the treaties regulating the issues of international interaction and legal regulation of ensuring the environmental safety of the Arctic region. The analysis of the cooperation among the countries does not demonstrate interdependence in the development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries. The cooperation among the circumpolar countries exists, but the hypothesis of interdependence in the development is rejected.
Assessment of Region Economic Development on the Basis of Neural Network Model
Authors: Antipov S K , Bocharov A A , Kobicheva A , Krasnozhenova E E
Published: August 2019

The paper considers the possibility to use neural network modeling for assessing the economic development of regions exemplified by the Arctic region of the Russian Federation – Murmansk region. The paper presents assessing and reasoning of this usage, describes its opportunities and threats. The author analyzes four indicators as main economic characteristics: gross regional product, an amount of investments into the fixed capital, retail turnover, foreign trade turnover. The study shows which factors have the most significant effect on these characteristics and comments on the obtained results. The author describes methodology of building the model and checks it empirically. In order to assess the model more accurately, it includes autoregression elements, which allows estimating not only direct interaction, but monitoring possible temporary inertia. Assessment results based on neural network modeling are compared with the results obtained on the basis of ADL equations (autoregressive distributed lag model). Accuracy of the final calculations is analyzed with using the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) in further preference to the model of neural networks.
Methodological aspects of determining the innovative potential of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Milskaya E A , Naumova O N , Prischepa A S , Volodarskaya E B
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with issues related to the assessment of the Arctic regions: it is currently considered a major strategic development priority warranting some study. Innovative potential is taken to mean the readiness and ability of regional business organizations to exploit innovative capacities. The article considers methods for assessing the innovative potential of the Arctic regions and proposes an algorithm for the assessment of the innovative potential level of the Arctic regions. This assessment makes it possible to determine a strategy for managing innovations in the regions and to identify the needs for resourcing innovations. Continuous monitoring of innovative potential and its components will contribute towards a more pertinent design and implementation of a regional policy for the innovative development of the Arctic regions. Further research is intended to utilize the proposed algorithm to make forecast calculations on the basis of statistical data with the aim of determining prospects for the development of the innovative potential of the Arctic regions with due account for main resource categories.
The selection of the main factors affecting the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia
Authors: Teplaya K , Stepanova M , Stroganova O A , Baranova T A
Published: August 2019

This article considers the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia, using the example of some areas of the North-West Federal District. As part of the study the socio-economic development of the Arkhangelsk Region, the bordering Republic of Komi, and the Murmansk Region was assessed and analyzed. The analysis was carried out by studying the interaction of variables characterizing the social and economic spheres of human activity in the Arctic zone of Russia. In order to do it a system of indicators was formed. The gross regional product was chosen as a dependent indicator. The main indicators of the economic and social sphere were considered as influencing factors. The assessment was carried out by means of studying interrelations of variables and a comparative analysis of factors affecting the Arctic region. The article provides a literature review on the topic. Besides, the given study describes a methodology for conducting a comparative analysis of the socio-economic development of regions. The methodology includes: goal setting, collecting statistical data, analyzing the dynamics of the estimated indicators, primary processing of time series, bringing them to a normalized form, checking for stationarity using two criteria, bringing them to stationary form, the correlation analysis of the studied parameters, the construction of a regression model for the analysis of each region. In order to compare the socio-economic development of the Arctic regions three independent equations were compiled and the coefficients of equations were determined. The article provides general conclusions on the analysis of the identified interrelations. In the future, the model can be expanded in order to obtain more accurate results and to make the most accurate forecast of the socio-economic development of the analyzed regions.
Logistics in the Arctic Region through the example of cargo transportation in Murmansk Oblast by railway transport
Authors: Khrapov V , Yushchenko V
Published: August 2019

The economy of Murmansk Oblast retains its focus on raw materials. Extraction of mineral raw materials by virtue of geological and economic characteristics as well as natural and climatic features peculiar to the area will remain the dominant sector of regional economics for a long time. Extraction industry of the region is formed by extraction plants dealing with mineral raw materials, ferrous and nonferrous metal ores. The transport system plays the key role in the economy of Murmansk region. It is linked with the prevalence of industry sectors oriented toward production and distribution of considerable amounts of raw materials and metals in the region, but also with its advantageous geographical location suitable for year-round navigation and access to international maritime trade routes. Under these circumstances, each plant utilizes optimal logistical technologies of freight transportation, which provides the basis for the transportation network. Development of each plant dealing with raw mineral material extraction and processing is impossible without the development of the transport component, which in its turn requires its own development, and if realized, it will allow to increase the amount of cargo transportation in the region and will create new jobs, ensure the socio-economic development of the region. Consequently, the subject of logistics in the Arctic Region is indeed highly demanded and relevant.
The impact of innovative transformation of industry on the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Tsukerman V , Kozlov A , Goryachevskaya E , Teslya A
Published: August 2019

The goal of the study was to analyze the impact that innovative transformation of industry has on the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic and to formulate proposals for accelerating and enhancing innovative processes in the industrial sector of the country’s Northern territories. We have established that, given the internal and external threats, challenges, restrictions and sanctions of Western countries, innovations and R&D should be stimulated, as these activities, primarily connected to impact of industrial transformation on socio-economic development of the Arctic, are particularly important not only from a scientific but also from a practical standpoint. We have considered the external and internal challenges and restrictions that hinder innovative development in the Arctic. We have confirmed that while growth of industrial production in the Arctic is ahead of the average indicators in the Russian Federation, it is largely due to extensive factors connected to intensified development of natural resources, rather than to generating and implementing innovative technological projects and usage of information technologies.

We have analyzed the potential to increase the number of organizations implementing technological innovations to 50% by 2024 (as established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 of May 7, 2018), confirming that it would be difficult to achieve the target indicators without special policies and measures, given the current trends and rates of innovative development of the Arctic regions. Considering the integral estimate, we have found that the Arctic regions have low susceptibility to innovation. We have established that the financial capabilities of Arctic enterprises for generating and implementing innovative projects are limited. For example, only one of the thirteen enterprises studied is capable of technological innovation.
Influence of innovative activities on economic development of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Tsukerman V , Goryachevskaya E , Ivanov S
Published: August 2019

The study conducted the impact of innovative activity on the economic development of the Russian Arctic. The methodology of the study envisaged the ranking of four regions that are fully included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by indicator «Innovative products production as a percentage of the total volume of products shipped ». The analysis of innovative activities level of the Russian Arctic in comparison with the average indicators of the country was carried out. It is shown that the Murmansk region is characterized by the highest volume of innovative products produced respectively, the Nenets Autonomous District - by the lowest. The direct impact of the production and sale of innovative products on economic indicators primarily due to an increase in gross regional product (GRP), fixed assets and the number of employed people is shown. In this case the Murmansk region having a high level of innovative activities showed an excess of the values of the Nenets Autonomous District by twelve of the nineteen indicators. In addition by GRP, fixed capital investments, fixed assets wear level and average monetary incomes per capita the Murmansk region showed an excess of average Russian values. It should be noted that the Nenets Autonomous District which produces the smallest amount of innovative products is ahead of the Murmansk region by GRP and investments in fixed assets mainly due to the exploitation of oil and gas resources. Performed correlation analysis confirmed the influence of innovative activities on the economic development of the Arctic. High correlation of the innovative products volume with significant economic indicators is shown.The study confirmed the hypothesis of the influence of innovative activities on the economic indicators of the Arctic regions.
Probabilistic assessment of investment projects for the development of titanium dioxide deposits
Authors: Tochilo M , Gorbovskih A , Rubtsova A
Published: August 2019

The paper substantiates the possibility and scope of the simulation method for the purpose of assessing the probability of the effectiveness of the implementation of a strategic project for the development of deposits and the production of titanium dioxide in Russia. The results of the work are based on the methods of complex economic analysis and economic and mathematical modeling. The main and additional effects of the implementation of a strategic investment project of combining several titanomagnetite ore deposits in the mining complex are identified, an economic-mathematical model for estimating the probability of the effectiveness of the project for the production of titanium dioxide is proposed, taking into account changes in environmental factors. According to the results, the investment project for the construction of an industrial complex for the titanium dioxide production from a set oftitanomagnetite ore deposits - Kolvitsky, Afrikandsky and Pudozhgorsky will be successfully implemented. The results of the study can be used for a preliminary feasibility study assessment of titanomagnetite oresmining and further stages of project planning and implementation.
Strategy of socio-economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District
Authors: Suleimankadieva A E , Kravtsova A Y
Published: August 2019

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is a stable, dynamically developing region, where a solid foundation for further socio-economic development is laid, which allows building large-scale plans for the future. In this article, the authors, based on published sources and the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, consider the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, as one of the largest regions of the Russian Arctic, and the strategy of its socio-economic development. Through a detailed SWOT analysis of strengths and weaknesses, identifying opportunities and threats, studying statistical data, measures are proposed to improve the socio-economic development strategy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The analysis revealed a number of problems in the socio-economic development of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, namely: a significant predominance of the extractive industry over the processing industry, poorly developed transport infrastructure, the outflow of young people and problems of higher education, lack of accessibility and low quality of health services in remote and hard-to-reach areas of the region. To solve the problems identified during the analysis and strengthen the strengths, as well as improve the existing strategy of the socio-economic development of the region, the authors developed a number of strategic measures that will improve the quality of life in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, its investment attractiveness, sufficient development not only in the production sector, but also the infrastructure of the region. The authors draw attention to the fact that all the identified problems and their solutions are interconnected. Consequently, the improvement of the proposed directions for the development of the YNAO must be comprehensive, which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic measures for the socio-economic development of the YNAO.
Comprehensive assessment of consumer properties on bakery products with functional additives sold in Murmansk
Authors: Sokolova O A , Alloyarov K V , Baranova T A
Published: August 2019

Due to the economic recession resulting from low labor efficiency, a reduction in the number of the employable population and sanctions, constantly sending shock waves throughout the world community, Russian consumers have enhanced their consumption of staple foods, bakery products included. Overall production of bakery goods with a three-day shelf life has decreased, since neither minimum income consumers, that is, most of the population, nor retirement-age people can afford them. Conversely, production of shelf-stable low-moisture bakery goods has been increasing. (Crumb moistness is a regulated physicochemical parameter.) Bakery products are everyday goods. Being critical to the food sovereignty and security of the country, they are considered strategic goods. In view of this, the marketing activities of bakery goods manufacturers must accommodate state interests and be consistent with welfare policies. It is of particular importance today as the socio-economic and demographic conditions in Russia remain dire. According to the State Committee on Statistics of the Russian Federation (Goskomstat), about 40% of the country’s population have income that is less than the minimum subsistence level, while the annual natural population decline amounted to 218,000 people. The current situation requires that the population be provided with affordable, high-quality bakery products and the interests of manufactures (i.e., profit-making) and society at large be factored in and balanced out. These challenges are met both abroad and somewhat in Russia by applying a concept of enlightened, socially responsible and ethical marketing on a large scale.
Murmansk is the capital of the Arctic
Authors: Mitroshina M
Published: August 2019

The mastering of the Arctic is one of key priorities at the present stage of development of Russia. The Arctic region extremely rich with resources having great transit and military meaning is considered as the most important driver of strengthening of economic and geopolitical positions of the country. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (further AZRF) is conglomerate of separate administrative formations with the different status among which both the whole regions, and certain municipal districts, and the cities. At the same time the Arctic territory has no uniform office of management and, as a result, tools for central planning and control over execution of the made decisions. Besides, the majority of strategically important projects in our country are supervised by central office of the power, but not on places. And despite the general nature of problems of development of regions of the AZRF, each of them goes the way of overcoming difficulties and, without waiting for adoption of the basic “Arctic” law, develops regional legal acts and forms the administrative structures. But the governing body of the Arctic has to be one and be located in the Arctic zone – in its capital. According to the explanatory dictionary by S.I. Ojegov, the capital - the main town of the state, as a rule, the place of stay of the government and government institutions. Proceeding from this definition, the option of the organization of management process of the AZRF is presented in article and justification of a possibility of placement of governing bodies in Murmansk region is given.
Developing Gas Fields in the Yamal Peninsula as a Factor of Economic Development of the Arctic Zone of Russia
Authors: Katysheva E G
Published: August 2019

Currently, one of the main gas-producing regions in Russia is the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district. Obviously, the efficiency of hydrocarbon fields development will affect the rate of the social-economic development of the entire region. In this article, we point out that surveying the detected gas deposits in the territory of the Yamal peninsula, as well as detailed field appraisal of those fields that have been discovered already can be important stages in developing the hydrocarbon potential of this region. We also point out that, during the detailed survey of a deposit field in the Tambey suite, a unique gas deposit was discovered. As one of the most important strategic directions in developing the resource base of the Yamal peninsula, there is an integrated investment project “Yamal-LNG”, which implies production of natural gas in the South-Tambey field, with subsequent liquefying and transporting to the consumers. In this article, we characterize the production capacity of the plant for producing liquefied natural gas (LNG), as well as logistic schemes to deliver LNG to the consumers. We point out that transporting LNG via the Northern sea rout has a number of sufficient advantages. Due to presence of some unique deposits of natural gas in the territory of the Yamal peninsula, we investigate the issue of plausibility of creating high-tech manufacturing plants in this region. We characterize special features of the technological complex currently under construction in the territory of the district. We mark that the level of development of the gas-producing and gas-processing plants directly depends on the positioning of the transport network for delivering hydrocarbons and cargo to world markets. We point out that large infrastructural objects we created for transporting products and cargo in the Yamal peninsula – such as the multifunctional year-round sea port Sabetta, the international airport Sabetta; also, a new transport project “The Northern Latitudinal Railway” is now being designed; it implies constructing some railway infrastructure. We make a conclusion about the significance of the project “Yamal-LNG” for economic development of not only the Yamal peninsula but also of the entire Arctic zone of Russia.
Methodological foundations of managing innovation-effective development of industrial production of the Arctic
Authors: Zharov V
Published: August 2019

This paper considers two types of leverage –operational and financial – used in the theory and practice of corporate financial management. It is shown that objectively there must exist another kind of leverage – investment and innovation - as the share of value added in sales value to material intensity of product. It allows you to determine the necessity and possibility of using innovation and investments of intensive type as well as to determine the amount of such investments to achieve the specified material intensity reduction level. The analysis results of industrial production trends in Russia’s regions in certain types of industrial activities ( on the example of the Far North and Arctic regions-subjects of the Russian Federation) between 2005 and 2015 have shown that production, depending on the direction of changes in values of material intensity and capital productivity indicators, can technologically develop in four main areas, namely innovative/efficient, innovative/non-efficient, non-innovative/efficient and non-innovative/non-efficient.. It shows that in most regions of the Far North and the Arctic industry development is not consistent with the best innovative/efficient direction but, in general, the situation here is more favorable than in country’s industry. The analytical relationship between material intensity, capital productivity and labor productivity, enabling the management of innovative/efficient development of industrial enterprises, industries and the corresponding growth of labor productivity, gross regional product and gross domestic product due to technological intensification of production, has been determined.
Advanced economic development of the Russian Arctic: sustainable nature management
Authors: Evseev A , Krasovskaya T , Slipenchuk M
Published: August 2019

The principle specific feature of the Arctic is high economic, social and ecological price of incorrect nature management/land use decisions. Mechanisms were proposed for implementation of the Russian Arctic zone economic development programs to provide sustainable nature management. Harsh climatic conditions stipulate specific character of energy and matter fluxes in local ecosystems which resilience to anthropogenic impact is very low. Special attention was drawn to ecological, social-cultural and environmental factors determining elaboration of sustainable nature management decisions. The planned development of industrial, transport, residential nature management inevitably will affect the already existing impact territories, regions of traditional nature use of indigenous population, nature conservation territories. Competing relations in such cases will emerge because of joint exploitation of territorial ecosystem services pools. This will affect primarily regulating ecosystem services controlling ecological assimilation potential as well as provisioning ecosystem services. Growth of nature management/land use areas accompanied by anthropogenic environmental load increase stipulates the necessity of ecological buffer territories development to provide ecosystem functions reproduction at local and regional levels Atlas information system use was suggested for processing of various data necessary for management practice providing statistical, reference and spatial information. Mapping examples of nature management conflicts violating sustainable development were demonstrated.
Economic Effects of the Arctic Continental Shelf Development
Authors: Degtyaryova E V
Published: August 2019

This paper discusses the possible risks and economic effects of the projects of exploitation of the Arctic continental shelf, in particular, of the oil and gas field development. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the Russian oil industry may lose about $1 trillion of investments from 2015 to 2045 years because of the economic and political sanctions imposed in 2014. Because of that, the losses of the country budget revenue are estimated about 27÷65 billion dollars until 2020. The main positive effects of the Arctic shelf development are assessed in the article: political (confrontation with major players in the world, which are also interested in the development of the Arctic shelf), economic (possibility of finding additional resources and attracting investment and implementing international projects) and socio-economic aspect (creation of new working places in framework of the Arctic exploitation and obtaining additional funding for regional programs for the development of the Arctic and nearby regions). Economic risks are also evaluated; in particular, the problems of organizing work in the Arctic and the costs of implementing projects for the Arctic shelf development; the ratio of the possible costs of implementing these projects and economic benefits was calculated.
Selecting and assessing indicators for monitoring environmental safety in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Gutman S , Teslya A
Published: August 2019

In this study, we have analyzed the data for assessing the environmental status and effective future monitoring of environmental safety of individual territories in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, estimating whether these data were complete and sufficient for the given purposes. Based on analysis of the currently available official statistical data for the one of the regions of the Arctic Zone (Murmansk Region), we have selected indicators reflecting the level of environmental safety in the Arctic as a whole. Indicators for ensuring environmental safety in the Murmansk Region have been proposed for each target corresponding to the chosen strategy. We have collected the relevant statistical information for these indicators and assessed the possibility of using the obtained data to monitor the implementation of the environmental safety strategy. We have formulated conclusions on the degree to which the data were accessible and complete. As a result of analysis of the collected data for assessing and monitoring environmental safety of the Russian Arctic territories, we have found that data were partially or totally missing for some indicators. We propose to introduce revisions, including the indicators for the targets “Improving the legal regulation of environmental management and protection” and “Providing access to eco-friendly products to the population” as the statistical environmental data mandatory for monitoring.
Effect of the banking system on the economic development of the Russian Arctic regions
Authors: Verbinenko E , Badylevich R
Published: August 2019

Issues relating to financial management at the level of individual regions of the Russian Federation become increasingly relevant. At the present stage, it is the regional level that faces the priority challenges of economic development underpinning the economic growth of both individual region and the country. Regional banking sector plays an essential role in formation of financial base. This sector involves interacting regional banks that accumulate and distribute the funds for maintaining ongoing production and consumption of goods and services within the region, wire transfer payments and clearing, lending to social and economic entities, supporting investment projects through provision of loans. One of the key correlations that can be used to describe the extent of investment activity of the banking sector in the RF region is a ratio between the amount of funds attracted by the lending institutions located in the region and the bank loans granted to legal entities and individuals. Systematization provides for twelve types of the regional banking system involvement in the formation of the financial base that can be grouped into six models. This article describes the results of analysis of the banking system impact on the economic development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.
Green bonds — a new instrument for ecotechnoparks’ financing in the Arctic
Authors: Vorotnikov A M , Tarasov B A
Published: August 2019

Green bonds are being increasingly used in the implementation of ecotechnoparks projects in Russia. Green bonds allow the use of the infrastructure mortgage mechanisms in the financing of ekotechnoparks projects’ creation and development which is particularly relevant in the need for sustainable development of the Arctic zone belonging to the Russian Federation.
Public-private partnership as a mechanism of the Russian Arctic zone’s sustainable development
Authors: Vorotnikov A M , Tarasov B A
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with the problem of sustainable development of the Russian Arctic – that is, the development of the region in the context of economic, social and environmental challenges. According to the existing strategic and programming documents, Russia will primarily develop projects in the field of infrastructure, transport and extraction of raw materials, as well as focus on national security issues. This is completely contrary to the concept of sustainable development, which seeks a balance between economic growth, the need to improve the environment and the solution of social problems. The authors identify the most promising industries that can contribute to the sustainable development of the region (in particular, economic growth without aggravation of the environmental and social problems) and analyze the possibilities of stimulating such industries through proven mechanisms of state support, which are widely used in traditional sectors of the economy. According to the authors, public-private partnership will play a crucial role for the sustainable development of the Arctic regions. Special attention is paid to the unique characteristics of the Russian Arctic region, which entail both opportunities (for example, rich natural resources) and restrictions (severe climatic conditions, huge accumulated environmental damage, undeveloped infrastructure, etc.).
Problems of preservation of prehistoric cultural heritage objects in the Arctic
Authors: Marsadolov L S , Paranina A N , Grigoryev A A , Sukhorukov V D
Published: August 2019

Problems of preservation and research of prehistoric cultural heritage objects in the Arctic are reviewed in the article. To determine the priority tasks in the field of preserving the heritage of this region, the most probable risks of physical loss and loss of quality of objects associated with natural and anthropogenic factors are analyzed. A special feature of the Arctic is its increased sensitivity to anthropogenic influence and climate change. Therefore, in the context of global warming, the risks of losing the cultural wealth of a region and a planet increase substantially. An important role in the preservation of heritage sites can be played by measures to ensure conservation status, involvement in tourism and recreation development projects. One of the aspects of the conservation problem is that the cultural heritage objects of the Arctic region are still poorly understood as a valuable resource of information about nature and society. New methods developed by the authors of the article allow us to consider prehistoric heritage sites as functional elements of the ancient life support system and the modern geocultural space. The use of these methods allows us to zone the territory with the allocation of sustainable areas, which have been performing environmental and informational social functions for thousands of years. It is on these sites that ancient heritage objects are located. Correctly holding the boundaries of prehistoric cultural heritage objects (in the natural boundaries of natural systems) allows us to save information about the functional relationships in the socio-natural system. The article shows that the application of the methodology and research methods developed by the authors of the article will significantly reduce the risks of losing cultural heritage in the Arctic and other regions
Spatial development of the Russian Arctic macroregion: key political and strategic accents
Authors: Khasheva Z M , Makar S V
Published: August 2019

Approach to the Arctic region as a place of localization of interest groups in connection with peculiarities of the potential is presented. Its implementation is carried out in the context of modern spatial development. Author’s interpretation of this concept implies the allocation of separate layers-subspaces where actual elements and components are distinguished. Further, in accordance with the goal (accent), the organization and reorganization of spatial structures takes place. Between the individual layers-subspaces, connections are revealed, complex spatial structures binding “layers” together are highlighted. Spatial development of the Russian Arctic macroregion is considered from the standpoint of a multilevel approach: global (supranational), national, regional (subnational). At each level the most relevant positions are highlighted. At the global level - resource and energy support, legal framework for the use of the Arctic area for intercontinental communications, growth of tourism and recreation business, overcoming the conflict between various types of ocean management. At the national level, emphasis is placed on environmental, innovative and financial vectors in public policy. Environmental policy focuses on the elimination of accumulated environmental damage and on departure from the policy of usage the Arctic territories and waters as a deposit resource for waste. Innovative policy is associated with the need to create intellectual territories. Financial policy defines adequate tax and customs measures to support management decisions. At the regional level the need for a differentiated approach to the Arctic regions - subjects of the Russian Federation, the need for interregional interaction and multiplicative effects of economic activities cooperation is emphasized. Documents of the Russian Arctic state strategic planning of development are systematized, relevant spatial structures – basic zones are designated. Problematic components of the state Arctic policy are identified.
Issues of the preservation of historical, cultural and environmental heritage of indigenous peoples of the Arctic
Authors: Vorobievskaya E , Kirillov S , Mazurova A , Slipenchuk M
Published: August 2019

The article addresses issues related to the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the Arctic for the maintenance of the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples, whose culture of nature management form unique examples of sustainable development of territories in specific natural conditions. These issues are especially relevant today, when industrial expansion is becoming more and more evident in the territories, where traditional nature use is still carried out, while globalization and unification of cultures of different peoples is underway. The lack of systematization of cultural landscape elements and programs for their preservation threatens to gradually lose many components of natural and cultural heritage. The importance of the creation of territories of traditional nature use is emphasized for the solution of urgent problems of our time: development of traditional activities and preservation of natural and cultural heritage of indigenous people. This question is relevant for many regions, including the north of European Russia, where there is a pressing problem of comparing the socio-economic efficiency of the preservation of the natural environment with the industrial or other economic use of the territory, which has not only rich raw materials, but also well-preserved natural landscapes and a unique preserved “living” culture of the aboriginals of the Kola Peninsula - the culture of the Saami people.
Rights of indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Mokhorov D A , Baranova T A , Donenko A A
Published: August 2019

The paper focuses on the relevant issue of legislative regulation of the rights of indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic. The lands of the Arctic region have long been considered uninhabitable, and yet not for one century have they been explored and reclaimed by men. According to historical records, the Russian navigators sailed through the Arctic Ocean as early as the 11th century, and in the first half of the 16th century, a map of the Arctic Ocean seafloor was based on the drawings of Dmitry Gerasimov. By 16-17th centuries, the economic capacity of the Arctic territories was recognized both in Russia and in Western Europe. Some Arctic territories were featured in the treaties between the Muscovite state and the countries of Western Europe, which can be illustrated by the Treaty of Teusina signed with Sweden in 1595. However, the Government of the Russian Empire had long considered the development of the North as necessary, but not a top priority objective. In late 19th and early 20th century, the wealth of the Russian North was on the agenda again in the context of the economic boom and military growth of the leading European powers. In the USSR, the reclamation of the Arctic was limited to the development of natural resources, while the prospects of economic and industrial growth of the North as well as the associated legal regulations were also in prospect. Currently, the Arctic is a primary interest zone for Russia, the main acute issues remaining the reclamation and use of natural resources and legislative regulations of the indigenous peoples’ rights.
Natural resources as a factor of socio-economic development of the Arctic territories: theoretical components of the research problem
Authors: Skufina T P , Baranov S V , Samarina V P , Samarin A V
Published: August 2019

A number of modern scientific ideas concerning natural resources as factors of socio-economic territorial development have been considered in the paper. The relevance of considering arctic direction of such research and their specificity, i.e. interdisciplinary of the problem statement, theory and methodology has been stated. It has been emphasized that the issues of the relationship between the development of natural resources and the level of socio-economic development of the Arctic territories make the environmental aspect of research particularly relevant. It has been shown that the analysis of the state of the problem should also include the objectives of modern policy and management of Russia’s Arctic zone. It allowed not only to systematize and critically comprehend the existing knowledge, but to highlight some problem areas of theoretical ideas from the standpoint of practical problems of the Arctic territories management as well. The significant activity of world research of this problem; extreme variety of views; the availability of fundamental contradictions that cannot be settled on modern level of scientific thought have been established. It has been concluded that a number of contradictions are due to the fragmentation of the consideration of natural resources problem as factors for increasing the level of socio-economic development of territories. It has been noted that up-to-date requirements for the Arctic development determine scientific relevance and practical need for interdisciplinary methodology development. This methodology is based on an understanding of the rationality of scientific knowledge that can ensure the quality of management of noospheric evolution in the context of natural resources involving in social relations.
Comprehensive study of the ecological potential of aboriginal microorganisms in the Arctic region
Authors: Kramarenko E V , Makarevich E V , Litvinova M Y
Published: August 2019

As a result of the conducted research, the chemical composition of bioflocculant-producing microorganisms’ habitats was determined, which was characterized by a low content of organic substances and a large number of ammonium salts and phosphates in the studied aquatic ecosystems. Quantitative and qualitative composition of the studied bacteriocenosis in the studied hydro-ecosystems was presented as various physiological groups of bacteria with a quantitative predominance of heterotrophic nitrifying microorganisms, the main representatives of the active sludge. The shift of the optimal C/P ratio due to the low load on the bacteriocenosis of treatment facilities led to a slower growth of microbial biomass, and as a consequence, to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. To achieve the full effect is possible, improving the ability of the sludge to sedimentation, to adsorb oxidized substances inside. The cultures of bacteria Pseudomonas lundensis, Aeromonas eucrenophyla and Pseudomonas fragi, experimentally extracted from the anthropogenically invaded water pools, confirmed the correlation between the primary morphological characteristics of the bacteria’s flocculating ability and the high flocculating activity of these microorganisms, as well as the conditions of their cultivation. The developed reference nutrient environments for the cultivation of allocated strains of bacteria differed significantly in the ratio of biogens (C/N, C/P and N/P). It was noted that the growth rate of the culture largely depended on the environmental characteristics that determine the intensity of metabolic processes. The growth rates of cultures on media of different composition varied widely and were most correlated with the relative content of phosphates in the environment. Optimum concentrations of bacteria cells required to implement the bio-potential are directly dependent on the phosphorus concentration load on the microorganisms. The phosphorus concentration did not have a significant effect on the studied bacterial cultures’ flocculation, but the limiting factor was the phosphorus nature.