bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the Art: Medical Treatment of Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD)
Authors: Ta Von , Simon Ronald
Published: January 2015

Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized as adult onset asthma, nasal polyps, chronic rhinosinusitis, and hypersensitivity to a cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, viz aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The method for diagnosing AERD is with aspirin challenge, and treatment includes aspirin desensitization followed by continued daily aspirin. Although oral challenge has been the mainstay in the United States, lysyl-aspirin has been validated as a diagnostic tool for aspirin-sensitive asthma and will be discussed further in this article. The challenges with aspirin therapy surrounding endoscopy and perioperative aspirin therapy will be discussed. Additionally, daily aspirin therapy is not for everyone. Aspirin is relatively contraindicated in those with a history of gastrointestinal bleed and an absolute contraindication in pregnancy. Aspirin desensitization and subsequent treatment has been shown to be highly effective for AERD.
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feng Shaoyan , Han Miaomiao , Fan Yunping , Yang Guangwei , Liao Zhenpeng , Liao Wei , Li Huabin
Published: January 2015

Background

Because acupuncture may modulate the immune system, it has been proposed as a useful treatment for patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we assessed the evidence for the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for the management of AR patients by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literatures.

Methods

By searching PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane clinical trials database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 1980 through July 11, 2013, we collected and analyzed the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for the treatment of AR patients to assess its efficacy and safety.

Results

Thirteen full papers that met our inclusion criteria were included, and a total of 2365 participants, including 1126 as treatment group and 1239 as control group, were enrolled. Compared with control group, acupuncture treatment group exerted a significant reduction in nasal symptom scores (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -4.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.42 to -0.43, p = 0.03), medication scores (WMD: 1.39, 95% CI: -2.18 to -0.61, p = 0005), and serum IgE (WMD: -75.00, 95% CI: -91.17 to -58.83, p < 0.00001). Data relating to Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) component score in included studies were analyzed, which ultimately point to the efficacy of acupuncture treatment in improving quality of life in AR patients. No fatal events were reported in any of the included studies, and no serious systemic reaction, which needed treatment in the hospital, was related to the acupuncture treatment.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis suggests that that acupuncture could be a safe and valid treatment option for AR patients.
Serum Level of Interleukin-21 is Elevated in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Chao Pin-Zhir , Hsieh Ming-Shium , Lee Fei-Peng , Chen Shao-Yi , Cheng Chao-Wen , Chang Hui-Wen , Lin Yun-Tien , Ting Lai-Lei , Lin Yung-Feng , Chen Chien-Ho
Published: January 2015

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the sinuses and mucosa with unclear pathogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-21 is mainly expressed in activated cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells and has potent regulatory effects on the immune system.

Objective

This study is to determine whether IL-21 in the blood is correlated with CRS.

Methods

The blood samples from CRS patients and normal controls were analyzed in correlation with clinical features. The eosinophil percentage was counted, and serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IL-21 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, IL-21 and interferon (IFN)-γ secreted from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by ELISA, and their mRNA expression levels were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Disease severity was scored based on computed tomography (CT) scan, nasal endoscopy, and global osteitis scoring scale (GOSS).

Results

A total of 55 CRS and 37 healthy subjects were recruited. The average levels of serum total IgE were 20 kU/L in normal group, 290 kU/L in CRS with nasal polys (CRSwNP), and 187 kU/L in CRS without nasal polys (CRSsNP). IL-21 levels were 28 pg/mL in normal group, 54 pg/mL in CRSwNP, and 71 pg/mL in CRSsNP. Both IgE and IL-21 were significantly elevated in both CRS patient subgroups. However, no significant difference was found between these two patient subgroups. The serum IL-21 levels correlated well with the disease severity in the patients. In addition, the secreted IL-21 was enhanced significantly in the patient's PBMCs stimulated by phytohemagglutin (PHA).

Conclusion

IL-21 could be a target for diagnosis and treatment of CRS.
Initial Investigation of Small Colony Variants of Staphylococcus Aureus in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gitomer Sarah A. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Malcolm Kenneth C. , Kofonow Jennifer M. , Ir Diana , Frank Daniel N.
Published: January 2015

Background

Small colony variants (SCVs) are a metabolically inactive form of bacteria that can be difficult to eradicate. To examine whether SCVs contribute to Staphylococcus aureus persistence in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), we compared the prevalence of S. aureus SCVs in CRS patients and healthy controls.

Methods

Endoscopically guided middle meatus samples were collected from 23 CRS patients and 12 controls. Samples were cultured and screened for the presence of phenotypically small colonies. Candidate SCV isolates were classified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To further characterize the capacity of S. aureus isolates to form SCVs when stressed, colonies underwent a gentamicin exposure assay.

Results

Among CRS patient samples, 15 were culture positive for S. aureus (65.2%), and of those, two grew putative SCVs on selective media (8.7%). However, neither was genetically confirmed to be S. aureus upon sequencing. In healthy controls, eight specimens were culture positive for S. aureus (66.7%), and of these, two grew putative S. aureus SCVs on selective media (16.7%); but again, neither was confirmed to be S. aureus by 16S analysis. None of the four patients colonized with SCVs had evidence of sinonasal disease at a mean follow-up of eight months. S. aureus isolates from CRS patients and controls were equally likely to form SCVs with gentamicin exposure.

Conclusion

S. aureus SCVs were not associated with CRS in the current study. Their role in refractory CRS remains theoretical, and further research is warranted to determine whether S. aureus SCVs may reside in the intracellular compartment.
A Novel Method for Comparison of Tissue Fibrosis after Inferior Turbinate Surgery: Ultrasound Elastography
Authors: Gode Sercan , Turhal Goksel , Kismali Erkan , Ozturk Kerem , Midilli Rasit
Published: January 2015

Background

Ultrasound (US) elastography has been widely used for thyroid, liver, and lymph nodes as a research tool in the current medical practice. It has been described in the inferior turbinates and validated as a reliable, reproducible, noninvasive, and objective method that can detect the fibrosis-related tissue strain. There is no previous study that investigated the amount of fibrosis induced by radiofrequency and bipolar electrocautery in the inferior turbinates in a noninvasive and objective manner. The aim of this study was to assess the amount of inferior turbinate soft tissue fibrosis that was induced by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and submucosal bipolar diathermy (SBD) by US elastography.

Methods

Thirty-eight inferior turbinates of 19 patients were included. RFA was applied to 18 inferior turbinates (group 1) and SBD was applied to 20 inferior turbinates (group 2). US elastography and visual analog scale (VAS) assessments were performed on all patients preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

Preoperative mean US elastography scores in groups 1 and 2 were 2.55 ± 0.78 m/s and 2.56 ± 0.49 m/s, respectively (p < 0.05). Postoperative mean US elastography scores in groups 1 and 2 were 2.91 ± 1.03 m/s and 3.41 ± 0.86 m/s, respectively (p < 0.05). Preoperative mean VAS scores in groups 1 and 2 were 2.78 ± 0.94 and 2.50 ± 1.15, respectively. Postoperative mean VAS scores in groups 1 and 2 were 6.61 ± 1.61 and 6.10 ± 1.4, respectively (p < 0.05). Correlation of US elastography and VAS scores was insignificant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both RFA and SBD of the inferior turbinates were effective in inducing scar tissue and, eventually, fibrosis in the soft tissue of inferior turbinates. Cauterization has been found to cause significantly higher amounts of fibrosis than radiofrequency; however, it did not reflect the comparable clinical outcome. This is the first study that objectively and noninvasively evaluates the targeted tissue fibrosis of the inferior turbinate surgeries by the novel inferior turbinate US elastography.
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy After Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A for a Patient With Chronic Stroke: One-Year Follow-up Case Report
Authors: Amano Satoru , Takebayashi Takashi , Hanada Keisuke , Umeji Atsushi , Marumoto Kohei , Furukawa Keiko , Domen Kazuhisa
Published: January 2015

Background and Purpose

Spasticity, an aspect of upper motor neuron syndrome, is a widespread problem in patients with stroke. To date, no study has reported the long-term (up to 1 year) outcomes of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection in combination with constraint-induced movement therapy in patients with chronic stroke. In this case report, the long-term (1 year) effects of the combination of BTX type A injection and constraint-induced movement therapy on spasticity and arm function in a patient with chronic stroke and arm paresis are described.

Case Description

The patient was a 66-year-old man who had had an infarction in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule 4 years before the intervention. At screening, the patient was not able to voluntarily extend his interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints beyond the 10 degrees required for constraint-induced movement therapy. From 12 days after BTX type A injection, the patient received 5 hours of constraint-induced movement therapy for 10 weekdays.

Outcomes

All outcome measures (Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Action Research Arm Test, and amount of use scale of the Motor Activity Log) improved substantially over the 1-year period (before intervention to 1 year after intervention). Repeat BTX type A injections were not necessary because muscle tone and arm function did not worsen during the observation period.

Discussion

The improved arm function may have reflected improvements in volitional movements and coordination or speed of movements in the paretic arm as a result of a reduction in spasticity, a reduction of learned nonuse behaviors, or use-dependent plasticity after the combination of BTX type A injection and constraint-induced movement therapy. In addition, the possibility of an influence of the passage of time or the Hawthorne effect cannot be ruled out. If this approach proves useful in future controlled studies, it may reduce the rising medical costs of the treatment of stroke.
“Don’t Leave Us Behind”
Authors: Zambrana Ruth Enid , Ray Rashawn , Espino Michelle M. , Castro Corinne , Douthirt Cohen Beth , Eliason Jennifer
Published: January 2015

This article examines the mentoring experiences of 58 underrepresented minority (URM) faculty at 22 research-extensive institutions. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus group data, participants discussed the importance of mentoring across the life course, the ideal attributes of mentoring relationships, the challenges to effective mentoring, and the role of political guidance. These data elicited three main themes regarding mentoring: (a) Life course practices geared toward accumulating social capital are critical, (b) major barriers are linked to the undervaluing of faculty research areas and community-engaged scholarly commitments, and (c) connections with mentors who understand the struggles specific to URMs at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) can assist with retention and success. This study provides a roadmap for shifting how we engage with URM faculty and strategies and knowledge to assess the effectiveness of mentoring to increase the retention of URM faculty.
Concurrence entre élites autour d'intérêts : Le choix de l'emplacement du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)
Authors: Hudon Raymond , Langlais-Plante Yann
Published: January 2015

Peut-on expliquer les politiques publiques? Dans l'optique d'une démarche scientifique, des modèles ont été conçus qui simplifient des réalités d'une extrême complexité et mettent en relief des facteurs qui expliqueraient les faits sous observation. Dans cette étude, en appliquant deux des modèles couramment utilisés pour cadrer l'analyse de politiques publiques, nous montrons que, même si ceux-ci peuvent éclairer des aspects particuliers des processus examinés dans l'étude du choix de l'emplacement de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), ils n'arrivent pas à proposer une interprétation adéquate de la décision d'établir le CHUM au centre-ville plutôt qu'à Outremont. Nous posons ainsi que, dans le domaine des sciences sociales, l'ambition de dépasser les démarches purement descriptives conduit au mieux à des interprétations qui permettent une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes étudiés. Dans cet esprit, nous présentons un modèle qui intègre les divers éléments qui composent les politiques publiques, de leur élaboration à leur mise en œuvre.
Reducing Automobile Dependency on Campus Using Transport Demand Management: A Case Study for Quebec City
Authors: Barla Philippe , Lapierre Nathanael , Daziano Ricardo A. , Herrmann Markus
Published: January 2015

In this article we evaluate the impacts of travel demand management strategies to reduce the share of automobiles as a commuting mode by using stated preference data. The analysis is carried out on university members in Quebec City. We measure the impact of travel time and cost as well as attitudes toward automobiles, transit, and the environment. We find elasticities with respect to time and cost that are low, implying that large changes in the characteristics of commuting modes are required to have a noticeable impact. We find, however, that combining several policy interventions is more effective.
Minimum Wages and Wage Spillovers in Canada
Authors: Campolieti Michele
Published: January 2015

I estimate the spillover effects of the minimum wage on the wages of adults (aged 15 to 64) by gender using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey from 1997 to 2010. I find that the effects of the minimum wage on the wage distribution in Canada do not reach as high up the distribution as in the United States. In addition, my estimates suggest relatively modest spillover effects in the Canadian data, which are smaller than comparable US estimates but larger than those from the United Kingdom.
Income Inequality and Popular Support for Redistributive Policies in Canada, 1993–2008
Authors: Sealey Anthony , Andersen Robert
Published: January 2015

Using Canadian Election Study data, we explore the relationship between income inequality and popular support for redistribution in Canada between 1993 and 2008. We demonstrate that the relationship between inequality and attitudes toward redistribution tends to be positive within provinces but negative across them. We argue that two markedly different mechanisms explain this discrepancy. First, within any particular political and economic context, people are more likely to benefit from redistribution, and hence support it, when inequality is high. Second, both inequality and attitudes toward redistribution are affected by characteristics unique to provincial political cultures, which results in attitudes toward redistribution having a different baseline depending on the province. We end with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings.
Impacts of participatory variety selection in wheat on agro-economic changes of wheat farmers in Bangladesh
Authors: Pandit DB , Baksh ME , Sufian MA , Harun-ur-Rashid M , Islam MM
Published: January 2015

Impacts of participatory variety selection in wheat on agro-economic changes like adoption of new wheat varieties and production technologies, income and attitude change of the wheat farmers, etc. are presented in the paper. Participatory variety selection was conducted at 12 villages of four districts in Bangladesh. Base line information from the villages was collected through participatory rural appraisal and household survey in 2002. Data on agro-economic changes were collected through household survey in 2005. Impacts were assessed from the difference of the data of two surveys. The area of the check variety Kanchan came down from 97.8% (covered in 2002) to 57% in the working villages in 2005. Varietal diversity was increased remarkably and seven varieties were found to cultivate in 2004-05. The new varieties occupied 43% of the wheat areas. Seed preservation by farmers was increased remarkably and 208 tons seeds of new varieties were preserved by them in 2004-05. When 60% seeds of their total requirements were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation in 2002, then, 100% seeds were used from farmers own source in 2004-05. There were remarkable changes in production technology adoption, sources of agricultural knowledge, attitude and income changes. Farmers income was increased to Tk. 11148/ha due to cultivation of new varieties and use of recommended production technologies. Participatory variety selection approach in wheat was found very useful to increase wheat production in the working villages. Widespread use of this approach may be useful throughout the county in other crops also.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.462Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 335-347, September 2007
Productivity and profitability of Bilatidhonia intercropped with cucurbit vegetables
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Islam MR , Mozumder SN , Rahman SMM , Das NC
Published: January 2015

The experiment was conducted to find out a suitable intercrop combination of Bilatidhonia and winter pumpkin relayed with different summer cucurbits (Bilatidhonia + winter pumpkin)/summer cucurbits) in the hill valley of the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Raikhali, Rangamati during 2003-04 and 2004-05. The results revealed that all the intercrop combinations gave the highest fresh yield of Bilatidhonia than that of the sole Bilatidhonia with an exception of Bilatidhonia + winter pumpkin followed by ash gourd and summer pumpkin combination. Maximum fresh yield of Bilatidhonia (50.13 t/ha) was recorded from Bilatidhonia + winter pumpkin closely followed by ribbed gourd and bitter gourd (50.00 t/ha) combination which showed 15-15.5% higher than that of sole Bilatidhona. Summer cucurbits relayed with Bilatidhonia after harvesting of winter pumpkin gave reasonable good yield where ribbed gourd produced the highest yield (15.29 t/ha). Winter pumpkin intercropped with Bilatidhonia also produced reasonable good yield ranging from 31.88 to 32.68 t/ha compared to the sole winter pumpkin. The highest Bilatidhonia equivalent (69.02 t/ha) and gross return (Tk. 10,35,35,440/ha) were obtained from (Bilatidhonia + winter pumpkin)/ bitter gourd or ribbed gourd combination. But intercropped Bilatidhonia with winter pumpkin relayed by ribbed gourd gave the highest gross margin (Tk. 859, 566/ha) with maximum benefit-cost ratio (4.90) at hilly area of Raikhali, Rangamati.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.536Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 349-357, September 2007
Influence of N and P fertilizer application on root growth, leaf photosynthesis and yield performance of groundnut
Authors: Hossain M Altab , Hamid A
Published: January 2015

Field experiments were carried out at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during 2000-2002 to evaluate the effect of N and P applicaiton on the root growth, leaf photosynthesis and yield of groundnut (var. Basantibadam). Four levels of N (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N/ha) and four levels of P (0, 13, 26 and 39 kg P/ha) were the treatment variables. The trial was set up in a randomized complete block design under factorial arrangement with three replications. Application of N and P fertilizer exerted significant effects on root development, photosynthesis, yield contributing characters and pod yield of the crop. Plant receiving 60 kg N and 39 kg P/ha had larger root system, greater photosynthetic rate and better yield contributing characters that resulted in the maximum pod yield which, however, was not significantly different from N60P26 treatment. Hence, it is recommended that higher yield of Basantibadam can be obtained from N60P26 kg/ha in salna silty clay loam soil of Madhupur tract (AEZ 28) of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.538Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 369-374, September 2007
An economic study of plant nursery business in Gazipur and Jessore districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Haque MA , Miah MA Monayem , Rashid MA
Published: January 2015

The present study was conducted in Jessore and Gazipur districts during 2002-2003 to assess the socio-economic status of plant nursery business in Bangladesh. A total of 40 private plant nurseries, four government nurseries (BADC) and six NGO nurseries (BRAC) were selected for the study. The study revealed that 60% of the private nursery owners had secondary level of education and 50% owners performed their business on leased land. More than 55% owners had 6-10 years of experience in nursery business. This business has vast potentials of generating employment and income of the owners. The yearly net returns per ha for private, government, and NGO nursery were Tk. 215766, Tk. 120149, and Tk. 535961, respectively. The rates of returns over full-cost were found to be 1.43 for private, 1.37 for government, and 1.50 for NGO nurseries. Non-availability of improved seeds/seedlings was the main constraint for private and NGO nurseries, whereas lack of adequate fund was the crucial problem for government nurseries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.539Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 375-385, September 2007
Mineral nutrition and yield of sesame in the Ganges tidal floodplain soil
Authors: Pathan ABMBU , Miah MA Mazid , Islam Farzana , Hossain ABM Zahid , Islam MR
Published: January 2015

A field trial was conducted in the saline region of Satkhira District (AEZ 13) to investigate the mineral nutrition and yield of four varieties of sesame in kharif-1 season of 2002. The varieties were BARI Til-2, BARI Til-3, T-6 and local (red). The soil and irrigation water salinity at sowing were 2.63 and 2.01 dS m-1, respectively. Among the varieties, the T-6 produced the highest seed yield (1.66 t/ha) and BARI Til-3 (0.71 t/ha) did the lowest. The maximum 1000-seed weight (2.66 g) was recorded in T-6 variety and the minimum was (2.27 g) in local (red) variety. The N, P, K, Zn, and S concentrations of seeds or stovers of different varieties were statistically identical. The uptake of these elements also did not vary with varieties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.540Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 387-391, September 2007
Response of okra seed crop to sowing time and plant spacing in south eastern hilly region of Bangladesh
Authors: Moniruzzaman M , Uddin MZ , Choudhury AK
Published: January 2015

A field experiment on okra cv. BARI Dherosh1 comprising four sowing times starting from February to May (15th day of each month) at monthly interval and four spacings (60 × 30, 60 × 40, 60 × 50, and 60 × 60 cm) was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Raikhali, Rangamati Hill District to find out the most suitable sowing time and optimum plant spacing for the two consecutive years of 1997 and 1998. The highest seed yield (2.97 t/ha) was recorded from 15 April sowing closely followed by 15 March sowing (2.77 t/ha) whereas the best quality seed was obtained from 16 February (88.7% germination and 29.75 seed vigour index) and 15 March (83.7% germination and 28.80 seed vigour index) sowing. Plant spacing of 60 × 40 cm produced the highest seed yield of okra (2.86 t/ha) followed by 60 × 30 cm spacing (2.80 t/ha). The germination percentage and seed vigour index were unaffected due to different plant spacings. 15 April sowing accompanied with 60 × 30 cm spacing gave the highest seed yield (3.13 t/ha) closely followed by 60 × 30 cm spacing with the same sowing time (3.06 t/ha). The seed yield did not decline in 15 March sowing having similar spacings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.541Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 393-402, September 2007
Factors affecting profitability of sugarcane production as monoculture and as intercrop in selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Kamruzzaman M , Hasanuzzaman M
Published: January 2015

The study was undertaken to know the profitability of sugarcane production as monoculture and as intercrop. Data were collected from 70 sugarcane growers of Daulatpur Upazilla under Kushtia District. Data were collected during the period from February to July 2003. The study reveals that the sugarcane plus potato combination produced the highest net return followed by sugarcane plus maize, sugarcane plus lentil and sole sugarcane production. Family labour cost, cost of urea, number of fertilizing, sowning/planting time of intercrop, cost of sett were the important factors which influence the profitability of sugarcane production both as intercrop and as nonoculture. High prices of inputs, lack of scientific knowledge, and dishonesty of officials are the major problems in sugarcane production. In order to promote intercropping in a large scale with sugarcane, government and other related organizations must encourage farmers to produce sugarcane as intercrop in order to earn higher net return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.545Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 433-444, September 2007
Studies on the development and storage stability of legume and vegetable based soup powder
Authors: Rokhsana Fahima , Yeasmin Rezwana , Nahar Akhter
Published: January 2015

Legumes are important constituents of Bangladeshi diet and provide a considerable portion of dietary proteins, minerals, and vitamins. The ready to eat soup powder prepared from legume and vegetables in the laboratory can provide an improved nutritional status. Incorporating processed rice, corn, and processed wheat flour as the starch source, three different samples of soup powder were prepared. Protein source was derived from legumes and vegetable paste was used as a mineral source. All these three developed formulations have a protein value ranging from 19.00 to 19.40% and calorie content 347 to 353 Kcal/100g (Table 2). Sensory evaluation of the products revealed a reasonable acceptance of the sample prepared from wheat flour. The selected soup powder contains 19.40 percent protein and 350 Kcal of energy per 100g. Commercially available soup powder was compared with all samples in the light of its nutritional values. Protein and energy content of the selected sample is comparable with the commercial one, which contain only 7.77 percent protein and 297 Kcal energy per 100 g. Prepared soup powder is also a good source of carbohydrate and minerals, mainly iron, calcium & phosphorus. Storage study was conducted to determine the shelf life of the developed food product. Statistical analysis shows that there is no significant difference during the storage of the selected soup powder for six months DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.547Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 451-459, September 2007
In vitro regeneration in pointed gourd
Authors: Malek MA , Miah MA Bari , AL-Amin M , Khanam D , Khatun M
Published: January 2015

An efficient protocol was developed for plant regeneration, multiplication and rooting under in vitro condition in pointed gourd. Highest percent of shoot regeneration was 93.86 when nodal explants were cultured on MS+2.0 mg/1 BAP. The maximum number of shoots (4.00) per explant was observed in MS + 2.0 mg/1 BAP + 0.3 mg/1 NAA from nodal segment. Among the two explants, nodal segment was found better for shoot regeneration. Female genotypes responded better than the male genotypes for shoot induction and proliferation. Lower nodal segment performed the best shoot regeneration. The best response towards root induction was achieved on half MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 NAA. The regenerated plantlets were successfully established in prepared earthen soil pot.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.548Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 461-471, September 2007
Optimization of fertilizer requirement for broccoli under field condition
Authors: Mahmud S , Haider J , Moniruzzaman M , Islam MR
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.550Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 487-491, September 2007
Pacemaker Infection- How should We Manage it?
Authors: Ullah Mohammad , Ali M Atahar
Published: January 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20782 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 1-3
High Fibrinogen Level is An Independent Predictor of Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ahmed M , Chowdhury NA , Sofdar G , Chakrovortty SK , Rahman M , Aziz M , Rahman A
Published: January 2015

Background: Fibrinogen has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Few reports have so far investigated the relationship between fibrinogen levels and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) as evaluated by coronary angiography. Therefore the current study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between fibrinogen levels and the extent of CAD as evidenced by coronary angiography. Method: A total of 210 patients having ischemic heart disease including chronic stable angina, unstable angina, non-ST elevated myocardial infarction & ST elevated myocardial infarction were evaluated in National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka with a view to find out the relationship between fibrinogen levels and the extent of CAD undergoing coronary angiography. Patients were divided in 3 groups according to fibrinogen levels: Group I = fibrinogen levels <400 mg/dl, Group II = fibrinogen levels (400-600) mg/dl, Group III = fibrinogen levels > 600 mg/dl. In this study, angiographic severity was assessed by vessel score, stenosis score and lesion morphology and tries to find out their relationship with angiographic severity and fibrinogen level. Result: Using a prospective analytic design we studied 210 patients who were divided into 3 groups : Vessel score in Group I, Group II & Group III were 1.14 ± 0.56, 2.24 ± 0.58, & 3.00 ± 0.65 respectively which was statistically significant (p < 0.01) and Stenosis score in group- I, group- II & group- III were 6.00 ± 4.19, 18.72 ± 4.94, & 32.41 ± 15.75 respectively which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Regarding morphology of the lesions, complex lesions in group I, group II & group III were 21%, 32% & 39% respectively (statistically significant; p < 0.01). Conclusion: High fibrinogen level is independently and significantly associated with more severe coronary artery disease. Serum fibrinogen can be used as a new and even simpler tool for risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20784 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 4-10
In-Hospital Outcome of Compromised Small Side Branch after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Alam MM , Ali M , Patwary MSR , Romel SMA , Kabir MS , Ahmed KU , Sen KK , Khan AR , Razzaque MA
Published: January 2015

Background: Side branch occlusion is a well known complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. Although occlusion of small side branches is well tolerated, occlusion of larger side branches may cause more serious complications. After PCI the incidence of complications in patients with compromised side branches smaller than 2 mm is small. Compromising side branches larger than 2 mm can be accompanied by clinical outcomes as non Q-wave MI. This study was undertaken to assess the in-hospital outcomes of compromised small (<2mm) side branch after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was carried out in the department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka during the period of September 2011 to June 2012. A total of 100 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent elective PCI were included in the study. Study patients were divided into two groups on the basis of presence of compromised small (< 2 mm) side branch. In Group- I, small (< 2 mm) side branch were compromised after PCI and in Group- II, side branches were patent after PCI, with 50 patients in each group. In-hospital outcome were evaluated in both groups. Result: There were no significant differences of the baseline clinical demographics between two groups. Post PCI angina was higher in group I than group II (10.0% vs. 9.0%). Non ST elevation myocardial infarction and significant arrhythmia was identical in both groups (2.0% vs. 2.0%) but hypotension was more in group II than group I (4.0% vs. 2.0%). The findings were statistically insignificant between the study groups. There was no mortality, emergency CABG within 24 hours, ST elevation myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock or acute left ventricular failure during their hospital course in either group. Conclusion: The present study concluded that compromised small (<2mm) side branch after percutaneous coronary intervention was not associated with adverse in-hospital outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20795 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 11-16
Impaired Renal Function is Associated with Severe Coronary Artery Disease in Chronic Stable Angina Patients
Authors: Saha JN , Majumder AAS , Chowdhury NA , Ullah M , Azam MG , Karmoker KK , Islam MJ , Das PR , Islam MS , Mamunuzzaman M , Biswas P , Rahman MA
Published: January 2015

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in renal impaired patients. Many of the patients of chronic kidney disease die of cardiovascular disease before requiring dialysis. Cardiovascular disease in renal impaired patient is potentially preventable and treatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between renal impairment and coronary artery disease severity in chronic stable angina patients. Methods: 110 patients with chronic stable angina who got admitted for coronary angiography were included in the study. They were divided into impaired renal function group (with estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <90 ml/min/1.73m2) and normal renal function group (eGFR e 90 ml/min/1.73m2) on the basis of eGFR. The severity of the CAD was assessed by angiographic Vessel score and Gensini score. Results: Mean Gensini score was significantly high in impaired renal function group (42.30±24.9 vs 25.65±17.9, p <0.05). There was significant negative correlation between eGFR and vessel score (r=-0.30, p <0.05) and between eGFR and Gensini score (r =-0.65, P <0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment of factors eGFR remain independent predictors of severe CAD (P=0.002, OR -5.73). Conclusion: Impaired renal function, assessed by eGFR is associated with angiographic severe coronary artery disease in chronic stable angina patients and this association is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20796 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 17-23
Association of Left Atrial Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast with Inflammatory Markers in Mitral Stenosis Patients
Authors: Islam MJ , Majumder AAS , Ali MA , Dutta B , Karmoker KK , Imrana F , Saha JN , Razzaque MA , Rahman MA , Das PR , Jannat S , Islam MS
Published: January 2015

Background: Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) is a risk factor for left atrial thrombus formation and an important indicator of potential systemic embolism originated from heart. An established relation exists between the inflammatory status and the prothrombotic state. The present study was conducted to evaluate the association between left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast with inflammatory markers in mitral stenosis patients. Methods: This observational analytical study was undertaken in the department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases (NICVD), Dhaka. A total of 70 patients with mitral stenosis were categorized into two groups: group I with left atrial SEC and group II without left atrial SEC. All patients underwent transthoracic as well as transoesophageal echocardiography. Complete blood count with ESR was done and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio was calculated. The high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was assayed. Results: The hs-CRP levels were significantly greater in the SEC-positive group (5.6±2.1vs 1.5±0.7, p=0.001). The mean ESR level was significantly greater in the SEC-positive group (32.6±15.5 mmvs15.8±4.7 mm).The neutrophil levels ((76.1±1.9 vs 63.7±3.3) were significantly greater in the SEC-positive group, and the lymphocyte levels (33.3±3.0 vs 21.5±1.3) were significantly greater in the SEC-negative group (p=0.001 for each). The neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio was also significantly greater in the SEC-positive group (3.4±0.4 vs2.1±0.6, p=0.001).On multivariate analysis hs-CRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, raised ESR, mitral valve area and left atrial diameter were independent risk factors for SEC in patients with mitral stenosis. Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that left atrial SEC is associated with raised inflammatory markers in majority of patients with mitral stenosis. So, SEC may be considered as a reflection of ongoing inflammatory process in patients with mitral stenosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20797 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 24-30
Off Pump CABG along with Resection of Giant Thymoma : A Case Report
Authors: Kamruzzaman M , Rahman KMA , Hosain N , Ahsan N , Anam S , Rahman MMM
Published: January 2015

Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease and the single most important cause of premature death world-wide. Thymomas are anterior mediastinal neoplasms, characterized by epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Although they are often encapsulated and well differentiated tumors, they can show local invasion, pleural invasion or extrathoracic metastasis. In this article, we report the case of a rare patient who underwent thymectomy along with off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20801 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 55-57
Multiple Pseudoaneurysms of the Brachiocephalic Artery Following Penetrating Arrow Injury in the Neck
Authors: Islam KS , Mokbul GM , Quashem MA , Sabur SAMA , Zulkarnine I , Beg AK , Bhuyan WZ , Alom Z , Ahmed I , Idris MR , Hasan MK , Chowdhury AR
Published: January 2015

Arrow injury in the neck with subsequent pseudoaneurysm formation of the brachiocephalic artery is an uncommon type of injury in our country. Initially it was a punctured wound in the neck which was simply repaired. About 13 days after the initial injury patient came back to hospital with severe respiratory distress and backache for which emergency tracheostomy was needed. This simple puncture wound subsequently developed haematoma in the neck and two pseudoaneurysms at distal brachiocephalic artery. CT angiogram was very helpful to confirm the diagnosis. Correct referral to tertiary hospital like National Institute Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) ,prompt diagnosis, definitive treatment of the injury and subsequent aggressive postoperative management saved the life of this young tailor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20802 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 58-62
A Case Report of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome with Vascular Complications due to Cervical Rib
Authors: Hossain MF , Parvez AH , Sabah MN , Bashar AHM , Mandal NC , Hakim E , Samad S
Published: January 2015

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is recognized in approximately 8% of the population. Its manifestations may be neurologic or vascular or both, depending on the component of the neurovascular bundle predominantly compressed. The diagnosis is suspected from the clinical picture and investigations. Treatment is initially conservative but persistence of significant symptoms, which occurs in approximately 5% of patients with diagnosed TOS, is an indication for cervical rib and or first rib resection.1 We report the case of a young woman having a left sided cervical rib. She had presented with clinical features of both neurogenic and arterial TOS. Surgical resection of the cervical rib was performed uneventfully through a supraclavicular approach which resulted in complete relief of her symptoms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20803 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 63-65
Corrigendum
Authors: Majumder Abdullah Al Shafi
Published: January 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v7i1.20804 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 7(1): 67
Effect of Hydroxyethyl starch for preloading in pre-eclamptic patients undergoing caesarean section under sub-arachnoid block : A comparison with Hartmans solutions
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Kader Abdul , Akhtaruzzaman AKM , Iqbal KM
Published: January 2015

When sub-arachnoid block is performed on preeclamptic mother, profound hypotension may occur. To maintain haemodynamic stability, patients can be preloaded with crystalloid or colloid solution. 60 pre-eclamptic pregnant mothers with ASA grade I & II were randomly divided into two equal groups by blind envelop method. In Group- A, patients were preloaded with Hartman's solutions @ 15ml/kg and in Group-B, with 6% Hetastarch @ 5ml/kg. The results of the study showed that hypotension was less in group-B (10%) than group-A (56.66%). Total additional volume of fluid required to treat hypotension was less in Group-B, (803.33ml) than Group-A (1526.66ml). Only three (3) cases of Group-B required ephedrine 0.83±2.65 mg) in comparison to 17 cases of Group- A (4.50±4.79 mg). So, it can be concluded that preloading of pre-eclamptic pregnant mothers with 6% Hetastarch is superior to Hartman's solution in caesarean section after sub-arachnoid block to maintain a stable haemodynamic status. Key words: HES; Pre-eclampsia; Subarachnoid block Journal of BSA, Vol. 17, No. 1 & 2, 2004 p.7-11DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v17i1.4044
Post-Operative Pulmonary Function : A Comparison between Upper Abdominal Open Cholecystectomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Afroza Shahnaz , Masum-Ul-Haque MM , Nargis Nibedita , Ahmed Nezamuddin , Aziz Lutful , Iqbal KM
Published: January 2015

Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs) is one of the major cause of perioperative mortality and morbidity in thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. Preoperative risk assessment enables clinicians to reduce perioperative risk in high risk patients.. In upper abdominal surgery, there is a larger alteration in pulmonary functions. This study was performed in 30 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and for upper abdominal open cholecystectomy. The study revealed that after both laparoscopic & open upper abdominal cholecystectomy there was significant alteration of pulmonary function. There was significant alteration at six hours and after operation which then gradually improved, but it took about 24 hours for its complete recovery. The alteration was more evident in open cholycystectomy. Nevertheless these alterations did not cause any clinical derangement as expressed by SpO2, HR, & BP. The study also showed a significant dose reduction of opioid in case of laparoscopic cholecystomy. The lung function at postoperative ward correlated well with the level of analgesia. But persistent alteration of pulmonary function indicated presence of other mechanical factors. Key Words: Surgery-Lap.Cholecystectomy, Surgery- Upper abdominal, Complication-post- Operative, complication-pulmonary, Patient control analgesia Journal of BSA, Vol. 17, No. 1 & 2, 2004 p.12-16DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v17i1.4045
Midazolam and Thiopentone as Co-Induction
Authors: Rahman Md Habibur , Hassan Mahbub , Islam Md Monirul
Published: January 2015

This study was undertaken to compare the induction characteristics of conventional thiopentone sodium, midazolam, and a combination of midazolam and thiopentone sodium as co-induction agent. Total one hundred and fifty patients of ASA grade I and II were divided into three groups in a double blind randomized study. Group-I received midazolam 0.25 mgkg-1 intravenously, group-II received thiopentone sodium 5 mgkg-1 intravenously and Group-III received midazolam 0.1 mg/kg-1 IV followed by thiopentone sodium 2.5 mg/kg-1 IV. Induction time was significantly prolonged with midazolam (group-II) compared to thiopentone sodium. The fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was clinically insignificant in midazolam group. Induction with midazolam was not smooth and was associated with unwanted movement of limbs. Incidence of apnoea, pain, thrombophlebites were significantly less with midazolam. Co-induction with midazolam and thiopentone significantly reduced the induction time, unwanted movements of limbs, apnoea during induction and cardiovascular stability was also more in co-induction group than thiopenfone sodium group. Incidence and duration of drowsiness was also significantly lesser in coinduction group. These advantages signifies that combination of midazolan and thiopentone is better choice for induction of anaesthesia than the other conventional induction agent like individual midazolam or thiopentone.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v17i1.4047 Journal of BSA, Vol. 17, No. 1 & 2, 2004 p.23-27
Foeto-Maternal Outcome in Pre-Eclamptic Parturient Undergoing Caesarean Section -Influence of Pre-Operative Control of Blood Pressure
Authors: Hossain M Mozaffer , Akhtaruzzaman AKM , Begum Hasina , Ahmed Niaz , Rahman M Khalilur
Published: January 2015

The foeto-maternal out come in pre-eclamptic parturients under going caesarean section under SAB with or without pre-operative control of blood pressure were studied. A total of 60, 30 in each group primpara women with singleton pregnancy diagnosed as pre-eclampsia scheduled for caesarean section were included. In Group-A, patients were treated with Hydralazine 5mg increment dose at 20 min. intervals till the DBP at or below 90 mm Hg. In Group-B, patients did not receive any anti hypertensive therapy. The patients were pre-loaded in both groups with lactated Ringer's solution at 15ml/kg over 20-30 minutes. The SBP, DBP and heart rate were recorded before block, just after block, every two minutes for 1st 10 minutes and then every five minutes till on arrival of post operative ward. Neonatal assessment was done using APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes. There was no significant changes of SBP between the groups throughout the study period. But there was significant difference in intra-operative fluid requirement in two groups (478 ml vs. 635m1;; P=0.0001). The Ephedrine requirements were almost similar in two groups. There was no significant differences of APGAR scores in two groups. This study gave the understanding that pre-operative control of BP of mildly pre-eclamptic parturient is not mandatory for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v17i1.4048 Journal of BSA, Vol. 17, No. 1 & 2, 2004 p.28-31