bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial diversity of river Kshipra with relation to human health
Authors: Bhasin Shivi , Shukla N. Arvind , Shrivastava Sharad
Published: June 2020

Bacterial community has always been an essential component of aquatic ecosystem because of the important role played by it in maintaining continuity of ecosystem. Aquatic bacterial diversity has been an interesting, popular and wide area of research as it is well correlated with the level of pollution in the ecosystem. Addition of pollutants is one of the major factor which disturbs bacterial diversity and density in river. The aim of the present work is to investigate the presence of bacteria and analyze its correlation with pollution status in river Kshipra which is considered to be a holy river of central India. The study also records the occurrence of different bacterial species including fecal coliform, total coliforms and many other pathogenic bacteria. Presence of pathogenic bacteria like Salmonella sps., Pseudomonas sps. ,Shigella sps., Vibrio sps. and FC/FS ratio between 1.1-1.5 indicates that the river is contaminated by domestic and city sewage as well as by both animal and human excreta. The current investigation reports the occurrence of different water borne diseases like typhoid, cholera, gastrointestinal diseases and skin infections etc in people residing nearby river who consume river water for fulfilling their daily need.  A strong correlation has been established between bacterial density and physicochemical parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Urgent measures should be taken by eminent authorities to minimize the anthropogenic activities like dumping of flower, oil, body ashes, coconut shell in order to restore this sacred river.
Effect of Mepiquat chloride and detopping on growth and production of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Singh Gurdeep , Kumar Kamalesh , Singh Amanpreet , Singh Chahal Harmandeep
Published: June 2020

The study on “Effect of mepiquat chloride and detopping on growth and production of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under vertisols of Punjab” was conducted during summer season of 2017 at the Agricultural Campus for research and advanced studies in Dhablan, Punjab. The field experiment comprising 8 treatments viz., control and 7 growth retardant treatments The result revealed that the grain yield obtained with application of MC @ 250 ppm at 35 and 45 DAS (10.22 q ha-1 ) was significantly higher than control (6.35 q ha-1 ). Various growth and yield attributes dry weight, number of pods plant-1 (8.12) number of branches plant-1 (9.00) were also significantly higher with MC @ 250 ppm (35 and 45 DAS) as compared to control. All treatments resulted in significant reduction in plant height as compare to control. The experimental results revealed that application of plant growth regulator (MC) is an effective management strategy to increase the yield of green gram crop in terms of yield.
Diversity and checklist of Beetles (Arthropoda: Coleoptera) from Forest areas and Agricultural areas of District Akola, (Maharashtra), India
Authors: Shirbhate Milind , Shirbhate Amrita
Published: June 2020

A survey was organised from August 2016 to February 2020 in the forest areas and agricultural areas of Akola district to know the diversity of Beetles for further research. A total of 68 genera and 90 species belonging to 13 different families of beetles viz. Buprestidae (Metallic Wood-boring Beetle), Carabidae (Ground Beetles), Cerambycidae,  Chrysomelidae (Leaf beetles), Coccinellidae,  Dytiscidae,  Geotrupidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Hybosoridae, Meloidae (Blister Beetles), Scarabaeidae, Tenebrionidae (Darkling Beetles) were collected and identified from various habitats along with their valid scientific names, systematic position, and distribution within agricultural fields and forest areas of Akola district.
COVID-19: Bat-borne viral outbreaks and its prevention through ecological intervention with reference to India
Authors: Malik Khired Tanveer
Published: June 2020

The present paper discusses different methods to stop COVID-19 pandemic which bring the whole of world to a stand-still. The (COVID-19) Coronavirus Disease- 19 caused by (SARS-CoV-2) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection which recently emerged in Wuhan province of China and has rapidly spread throughout the World. The information regarding its intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is still unknown or very less known, but its fast transmission from human to human has been confirmed widely. Till date no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine has been developed against COVID-19. In the present paper, authors tries to summarize and comparatively analyse the deadly virus author also discuss that how this virus poses a constant threat to sub continental nations especially India. The present paper also suggests number of ecological interventions to protect humans.
Management of psoriasis through ayurveda: case study
Authors: Anshul  , Rohilla Pooja , Kumar Parvesh , Raheja Shipra
Published: June 2020

This case study intends to evaluate the efficacy of Vaman-Virechan in the management of recurrent psoriasis.A 38 year male presenting with psoriasis with mild arthritis was diagnosed as Ekkustha (kapha-pitta dominance) as per Ayurveda. Vaman-Virechana and Panchtiktaghrit gugglu were given to the patient. Symptoms were assessed with PASI at pre and post therapy along with 6 months follow up. Improvement was observed with PASI score (reduced from 37.7 to 8.7). During follow up period no recurrence observed. Ayurveda shodhan & shaman therapy resulted in effective management of Psoriasis as assessed by validated scales.
Changes in travel time and the load of road network, depending on the diversification of working hours: case study the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
Authors: Borowska-Stefańska Marta , Kowalski Michał , Wiśniewski Szymon
Published: June 2020

This article has two major goals – a methodological and a research one. The former is the development of a method enabling the prediction of the load of the road network, while the latter focuses on determining the influence commuting has on the load of the road network and changes in travel time within the Łódź Voivodeship. For the purposes of this study proprietary we used software based on a greedy algorithm. The applied method in combination with the proprietary software returns good results when directions of traffic flows are under scrutiny. The assumptions made herein do simplify reality, a simplification which stems from the quality of the available data and the calculating capacity of computers. On the other hand, the research goal has only been partially reached with regard to the method applied in the article.
Antifungal and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Thyme Essential Oil against Fusarium spp., Causing Wheat Diseases
Authors: Mohammad-Hossein Faghih-Imani  , Taheri Parissa , Saeed Tarighi
Published: June 2020

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important cereals and a major source of human food worldwide. Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum are the causal agents of important diseases on wheat, including head scab, crown and root rot. Control of Fusarium diseases on wheat is very difficult and important because of not only no complete resistance in any wheat cultivar and long-term survival of the soil-borne pathogen, but also production of carcinogenic mycotoxins in wheat tissues, which are harmful for consumers. Nowadays, to avoid the ecological and environmental damage caused by chemical pesticides and fungicides, there is a great interest to use essential oils as plant-protective agents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of these destructive wheat diseases. We investigated the antifungal activities of the essential oils obtained from 4 different plant species and the Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) revealed the highest level of antifungal effect against two mentioned phytopathogens. Contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of TEO were found to inhibit the growth of both fungi. Spore germination and production were also strongly inhibited by the TEO. Light microscope scanning of vegetative growth of the fungi revealed destructive changes in the hyphae. The TEO, also showed a high seed protection capability against fungal infection with no negative effect on seed germination. In the in-vivo assay, which was performed under greenhouse conditions using susceptible wheat plans treated with the TEO, significant plant protection was observed against the pathogens. Investigating effect of the main components of the TEO revealed that cymene had the highest effect in decreasing both disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) on wheat plants inoculated by Fusarium species. Therefore, the TEO and its ingredients could be used as environmentally friendly biofungicides in the protection of wheat plants against these Fusarium species. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the in vivo and in vitro inhibitory effects of the TEO and cymene, as its main ingredient, against destructive Fusarium spp. pathogenic on wheat.
In Vitro Simulation of Growth and Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescence and P. putida under Cold Shock
Authors: Muntaka Maniha Syeda , Tabassum Tasmin , Tabassum Tahsin , Noor Rashed
Published: June 2020

The experimental demonstration of bacterial growth is of large interest within the scientific community to chalk out the specific mechanisms underlying the survival strategies under adverse conditions in nature. An array of research has been conducted on heat shock as well as the related oxidative stresses using a range of bacterial species including Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Present study further focused on the cold shock response within the species of the ubiquitous bacterium Pseudomonas. P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescence, and P. putida were subjected to cold shock by placing the corresponding cultures at low temperatures (0 oC and 8 oC), and then their growth was assessed along with the necessary phenotypic observations. Interestingly, the pigmentation (green or bluish green pigments) was noticed almost in species at 37 oC compared to those growing at lower temperatures. While at 37 oC, P. fluorescence showed the highest growth compared to the other two strains, at 8 oC and even at 0 oC, P. putida showed the maximal growth followed by the growth of P. aeruginosa and then P. fluorescence.
Inclusion Complexation of Benzanilide and Fast Violet B with β-cyclodextrin-A Theoretical Approach
Authors: A. Antony Muthu Prabhu
Published: June 2020

The theoretical investigation of inclusion complexation of amide-imidol tautomer of two guest molecules benzanilide (BA) and fast violet B (FVB) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) using DFT B3LYP 3-21G  method in the gas phase. Benzanilide has no substitution in the basic skeleton and the other selected compound substituted with three groups such as –NH2, -CH3 and –OCH3 group in the same aromatic ring. The tautomer  of two selected compounds was formed the stable inclusion complexes with the β-CD supramolecule. The theoretically calculated complexation energy was observed the negative value for all the inclusion complexes. This method was applicable to determine the structural assignment of the inclusion complexes between BA, FVB and β-CD.
Review on Schiff Base: A Scrupulous Binding Detector for Metal Ions
Authors: Keyur D. Bhatt  , Surbhi V. Upadhyay
Published: June 2020

The Schiff bases find interesting application in the field of analytical, biological, medicinal and chemistry etc. Hence, there is an increasing interest in the synthesis of new Schiff bases. Schiff bases find application as ionic and neutral analyses by complexation, applications as a microbial and drug delivery. Synthesis of Schiff base and their complexes with transition metal ions herald many promises in the field of coordination chemistry.
Why Microtraders Harass Visitors: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Nicely Annmarie
Published: June 2020

The goal of this article was to propose a set of beliefs likely to fuel microtraders' harassment behaviors toward visitors. Nineteen beliefs were identified and proposed. The five beliefs that received the most support from the scholarly and nonscholarly literature were: (1) harassing
visitors is necessary for survival; (2) visitors are wealthy; (3) harassment has little or no negative effect on visitors; (4) I am entitled to visitors' business; and (5) harassment is normal, even cultural. The article then ends with suggestions on how tourism officials and academics may
use the list of beliefs discussed to reduce trader harassment.
MENDETEKSI PENGELAPAN DANA PERJALANAN DINAS DENGAN APLIKASI INTERNAL TICKETING SYSTEM
Authors: Christianto Kevin , Deny Deny
Published: June 2020

Employee official travel activities in a company have an important role in supporting business operations and developing the business wing of the company, especially for large companies that have many branch offices in various regions in Indonesia. With more and more official trips requiring official travel tickets, a system that can internally regulate how tickets are purchased and paid is needed. The system is needed to reduce unnecessary official travel activities and valid data to be compared with data from third-party systems in terms of payment of ticket reservations. Researchers conduct literature studies, interviews, and observations. Literature study conducted by researchers to find the concept of an appropriate methodology to develop the Internal Ticketing System application. Interviews are used to examine important input on the Internal Ticketing System application of several companies that have quite intensive business travel activities, so that they are suitable and useful to be implemented later in the field, and business observations are empowered by researchers to look directly at the ticket booking business process on official trips and conduct individual understanding from researchers. The results of this study were successfully made a prototype of the Internal Ticket System application called Business Travel by using a V-Shaped SDLC method. The prototype making method is more detailed because it has 4 rounds, namely requirements, specifications, high level design and low level unit design.
ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN DATA TRANSAKSI PEMBELIAN CONSUMER UNTUK MANAJEMEN PEMBELIAN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: WUISAN DEWI S S
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determine and also analyze the information system on purchases, especially purchases of goods made by the customer at PT.ABC will help in the management of corporate purchases. The research method used in this study is qualitative research, which is needed to get a picture of the relationship between the subject and the object under study. Where the subject is PT. ABC, as for the object is the information system of purchasing goods by customers. Data collection used in this study through the process of interviews, observation and literature study. To overcome the problems in this research, an information system design for managing consumer purchase transaction data was made to be built using the PHP programming language and Microsoft Access database. Analysis of the data used is to use user analysis and analysis of the current system. The results achieved in this study are able to simplify and speed up data access by updating the financial section, the purchasing department, and the purchasing manager in this case greatly helps the company in monitoring goods.
CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 15th CENTURY FROM THE FUNA CASTLE: UTENSILS OF THE «GARRISON KITCHEN»
Authors: Teslenko I. B.
Published: June 2020

The Funa fortress is located in southern Crimea and is one of the reference architectural and archaeological complexes of the Northern Pontic Region with precise date of existence.
The fortress was built by Mangup authorities near 1423 on the border with possessions of Genoese and was destroyed in a fire during the Turkish invasion of the Crimea in 1475. The detailed chronology of the site which includes three stages of its construction history — 1423, 1425—1450s and 1459—1475, has been developed so far. So it becomes possible to clarify the dating of ceramic finds in line with these periods also.
Ceramic assemblages of the last stage from the layers of fire and destruction of 1475 are the most representative. There is the complex from courtyard 1 among them.
The ceramic collection includes 101 and 163 fully or partially reconstructed vessels respectively. There are large and average household containers, various kitchen utensils and tableware, both of the local Crimean production and import (Miletus Ware, Spanish Luster and Blue and White Ware, Fritware). The comparative analysis of artefacts made it possible to establish the chronological changes in ceramic assemblages during 25 years.
Moreover, statistical and typological studies of the pottery from the layer of fire demonstrated a set of vessels there is suitable for cooking and table setting for at least 40 people. Large number of luxury tableware for diverse using and their location in the context allow suggest that there was a large feast on the platform above the «kitchen», and the remains of this banquet were not removed. According to the archaeological evidence as well as analysis of historical events the inhabitants of the fortress could burn it themselves before Turkish invasion and retreat to the capital of the principality at Mangup. Perhaps the remains of a farewell feast arranged just before leaving was fixed archaeologically.
OLBIAN THYMIATERIA OF APHRODITE
Authors: Shevchenko T. M.
Published: June 2020

Among Olbian terracottas there is a group of Aphrodite’s busts crowned with handmade cups. These bust thymiateria were probably used in this goddess cult for spreading scents and as votives. They come from the excavations at houses and from the Eastern (Central) Temenos. The series of busts is dated to the late period of this temenos functioning: the late 3rd or the first half of the 2nd centuries BC.
The image of Aphrodite with Erotes on her shoulders probably originates from her depictions where she holds her twin sons in her arms. One more variant of this image was the schematic depiction of Erotes heads on her shoulders at the backgrounds of palmettes. They as if peer out of the goddess shoulders and their wings form the palmettes. Terracottas of this variant come from the botroi at the Central and Western Temenoi.
Aphrodite with Erotes on her shoulders is known in coroplastics of many cities while the very image of this full-faced, openly smiling and not young woman is peculiar for Olbia. The same face is reproduced in semifigures of ladies with ivy wreath found in the area near agora. Aphrodite being usually depicted as young and tender looks almost stout on the busts discussed. It can correspond to the image of Aphrodite Ourania.
Olbian bust thymiateria distinguish also by the simply shaped thymiaterion cup. Only handmade cups are known among the materials of the Central Temenos where dozens of busts with broken away thymiateria cups were found.
Bostros served as a place for burying remains from sacral precinct, therefore bust thymiateria lost their value before falling into this context. It could be reasoned by their broken condition, otherwise there could be a new type of bust thymiateria which interchanged the previous. Each variant of serially produced busts was used simultaneously on both temenoi.
THE EXCAVATION IN VYSHGOROD IN 1936
Authors: Kapustin K. M.
Published: June 2020

The archives and archaeological materials from excavations in Vyshgorod in 1936 are analysed in the paper. This year the large-scale excavations were conducted on the territory of the old city: near the church of st. Borys and Hlib, two sites in the northeast part of the hillfort and few trenches in different parts of the town.
The obtained results correlate with the reports of the narrative sources and indicate the significant development of the city in the period from the 11th to the mid-13th century. The rapid development of the city occurs at that time: the mausoleum of Sts. Borys and Hlib (explored in 1935—1936) becomes the main architectural dominant of the city area. A city square with dwellings and outbuildings were located around the church. The analysis of the archival materials and artefacts from the excavations in 1936 made it possible to clarify and re-examine the allegations established in the works of the mid-20th century.
The author proves that discovered objects have different chronology. For example, dwellings, outbuilding, pits and sacral building of the 11th—13th centuries are pit 1 (site 1), the foundations and remains of the walls of the church of Sts. Borys and Hlib (site 1; site W) and oven 1 (site 4). The ones dated by the middle of the 11th and the 12th centuries are building 1 (site 1) and pit 1 (site 4). Structures of the 12th and 13th centuries are pit 2 (site 1) and oven 1 (site 4); of the second half of the 13th—14th centuries are building 1 (site «W»), building 1, pit 2 (site 4). Finally, dated by the 17th—19th centuries are building 2, burials 1, 2 (site 1) and burials 1—19 (site 4). The cultural layers and objects exclusively of Kyiv Rus time were found on the territory of suburbs (pottery furnaces 1 and 2 in a trench at the south of the hillfort; burials 1—3 in trenches on the territory of the Doroshenko estate).
In general, the obtained results confirm and at some moments substantially detail our knowledge on the historical development of the city during the Middle Ages and Modern times.
COLLECTIONS OF FINDS FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE ST. MICHAEL GOLDEN-DOMED MONASTERY YARD IN 1940s—1960s
Authors: Khamaiko N. V. , Chmil L. V. , Hun M. O. , Myronenko L.  V.
Published: June 2020

The Scientific Repository of the Institute of Archaeology of the NAS of Ukraine has three collections of archaeological finds coming from excavations on the St. Michael Golden-domed Monastery yard. These are the materials from the excavation of 1940 led by Mikhail Karger, the survey of 1944 led by David Blifeld and observations over the earthworks of Volodymyr Diadenko in 1967. The excavations of 1940 revealed two Old Rus dwellings and several pits on the site between St. Michael Cathedral and the Refectory, as well as the previously unknown Old Rus temple of the 11th century, associated with the St. Dmitro Cathedral. The field inventory books stored in the Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology allow to clarify the locations of excavated sections where the works were carried out, as well as to compile a list of finds with a preserved collection that is about much smaller than the total amount found during excavations. A significant part of it is building remains such as fragments of frescos (some with graffiti), bricks, floor tiles, tiles, acoustic jars, molten lead roof sheets. The collection contains also household items such as fragmented ceramic dishes, amphora containers, grinding stones, and remains of manufacture: a fragment of an iron bloom and the glassware production refuse. In addition, there are some artefacts from graves: fabric, leather shoe details. The finds dated to a wide chronological range from the 10th—11th to the 18th—19th centuries and display the life in the monastery during all this time, without chronological lacunae.
The survey of David Blifeld in 1944 was caused by construction of a vegetable store on the courtyard of the former monastery, and the works of Volodymyr Diadenko in 1967 were apparently related to the supervision over earthworks in the Upper city of Kyiv. There are neither publication, no archive data about the last two stages of research, so collections of archaeological finds are the only source of information about these studies. Both collections are small. The collection of the year 1944 contains the 18th century pottery, as well as three fragments of vessels of the 12th—13th centuries from cultural layer. The collection is incomplete because of significant gaps of inventory numbers.
Observations of Volodymyr Diadenko in 1967 revealed the dwelling of Old-Rus time, which can be dated to the 12th — early 13th century by the available materials (fragments of pots and a big pottery container). The collection also included a half of brick of the 17th—18th centuries and a sherd of acoustic jar that may indicate the location of the site close to any architectural object.
BONE AND ANTLER PRODUCTS FROM THE SMALL HILLFORT OF HORODSK
Authors: Serhieieva M. S.
Published: June 2020

The materials of bone processing from the Small Hillfort of Horodsk (the Korostyshiv Region of the Zhytomyr Oblast) stored in the Institute of Archeology of NAS of Ukraine are published in the paper. The analysis of the products, technique of manufacture and level of development of bone-carving craft is provided.
Bone artefacts include the completed products, blanks and bone raw material with traces of processing. Bone artifacts come from the cultural layer and the objects dated to two periods: the 12th — first half of the 13th centuries and the second half of 13th—14th centuries.
The composite bilateral comb, socketed arrowhead, fragment of the toggle clasp, two products of tubular bones (bird and animal bones) and the amulet from fish vertebra with the drilled hole could be undoubtedly dated back to the 12th — the first half of 13th centuries. Most likely we also can date to this period the amulet of fang of predator with a hole at one end which comes from the cultural layer.
According to the conditions of find and some analogies the keel-like arrowtip with a splay flat stem, three end parts of knife handles and the hemispherical button could be considered the products of the second half of the second half of 13th—14th centuries. The find from Horodsk confirms the possibility of manufacture of this type of buttons in Rus in the post-Mongol period.
In addition to the completed products the traces of antler processing in the form of scattered deer antlers and semi-finished products were found. The whole complex of bone and antler artefacts (small number of products and the lack of objects with signs of bone-carving workshops) testifies to the possibility of existence of bone-carving handicraft in the hill-fort only as auxiliary craft.
EVALUASI KESUBURAN TANAH SAWAH DI DESA RANOKOLO KECAMATAN MAUROLE KABUPATEN ENDE
Authors: Dala Yeremias , Mutiara Charly
Published: June 2020

Land that was managed by intensively will effect decreasing soil fertility. This condition happened in the rice fields in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency. This study aims to determine the fertile of paddy soil, and the soil chemical criteria in the village have been carried out. This study uses a survey method, which is to determine the soil sample taken using the purposive sampling method. With this method obtained 13 research sites. Soil sampling in this study using soil samples that operated. And the replaced variables are C-Organic, available K, total P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and Base Saturation (BS). The results showed, the C-Organic variable in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, is classified as low, K as moderate, P-total as high, CEC is moderate, and Saturation of Bases as moderate. From the results of soil fertility analysis, the criteria for soil fertility in Ranokolo Village, Maurole District, Ende Regency is low with a C-Organic limiting factor.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN SALAK PONDOH (Salacca edulis Reinw) AKIBAT BERBAGAI DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG AYAM
Authors: I.B.Hutubessy Josina , Febryanto Beda Konstantinus
Published: June 2020

This study aims to know to employ organic fertilizer stall chicken at variable growth seed malacca with dose optimum organic fertilizer stall chicken the supply growth seed malacca the optimum. his study used a randomized block design (RAK) with treatment the at use PO0 = 0 gram polybag-1, PO1= 50 gram polybag-1 PO2 = 100 gram polybag-1, PO3 = 150 gram polybag-1, PO4 = 200 gram polybag-1. Variable growth observed in this study is plant height, wide of the leaf, the number of leaves, length of root, fresh of weight, and dry of weight. Data were statistically analyzed, and followed by test BNT standard 5 %. Studies indicate that present organic fertilizer stall chicken about malacca gives very real about all variable monitoring plant height 14,15%, wide of leaf 36,46%, the number of leaf 30,43%, long of root 21,00%, fresh of weight 47,42%, and dry of weight 42,44%. Dose optimum organic fertilizer stall chicken the supply growth seed malacca the optimum is 200 gram polybag-1.
UJI LAMA PERENDAMAN STEK LADA (PIPER NIGRUM L) PADA EKTRAK TAUGE TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN AKAR DAN TUNAS
Authors: Murdaningsih  , N Supardi Philipus , Soge Fransiskus
Published: June 2020

The study was intended to determine the growth response of the pepper plant steak due to an extended 3 hours of Tauge extracting with a concentration of 300 ml/l. The design used in this study is a completely random design with a single factory based pattern of P1 (1 hour), P2 (2 hours), P3 (3 hours), P4 (4 hours), P5 (5 hours). Variable observations in this study are the number of shoots (strands), length of shoots (cm2), number of leaves (strands), amount of roots (cm2), length of roots (cm2), fresh shoots (gram), shoots dry weights (gram), root fresh weights (gram), root dry weights (gram), root dry weights (gram). Studies indicate that extended snorting time of pepper on and Tauge extracting gives very real influence to the growth variable of sprouts (50,66%), root length (32,96%), leaves (58,88%), root length (45,14%), root weight (57,72%), shoots (71,43%), shoots dry weight (65,73%). Thus the treatment of Tauge extracts as one of the natural growth regulator plants in seeding with a concentration of 300 m/l water would be best submerged for 3 hours to speed up the growth and remove the roots to achieve the best quality of the steed growth.
Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals
Authors: Söngen Hagen , Jaques Ygor Morais , Spijker Peter , Marutschke Christoph , Klassen Stefanie , Hermes Ilka , Bechstein Ralf , Zivanovic Lidija , Tracey John , Foster Adam S , Kühnle Angelika
Published: June 2020

Calcite and magnesite are important mineral constituents of the earth’s crust. In aqueous environments, these carbonates typically expose their most stable cleavage plane, the (10.4) surface. It is known that these surfaces interact with a large variety of organic molecules, which can result in surface restructuring. This process is decisive for the formation of biominerals. With the development of 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) it is now possible to image solid–liquid interfaces with unprecedented molecular resolution. However, the majority of 3D AFM studies have been focused on the arrangement of water at carbonate surfaces. Here, we present an analysis of the assembly of ethanol – an organic molecule with a single hydroxy group – at the calcite and magnesite (10.4) surfaces by using high-resolution 3D AFM and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Within a single AFM data set we are able to resolve both the first laterally ordered solvation layer of ethanol on the calcite surface as well as the following solvation layers that show no lateral order. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with MD simulations. The qualitative difference in the lateral order can be understood by the differing chemical environment: While the first layer adopts specific binding positions on the ionic carbonate surface, the second layer resides on top of the organic ethyl layer. A comparison of calcite and magnesite reveals a qualitatively similar ethanol arrangement on both carbonates, indicating the general nature of this finding.
Metal-free synthesis of phosphinoylchroman-4-ones via phosphinoylation/cyclization cascade mediated by K2S2O8
Authors: Liu Qiang , Lu Weibang , Xie Guanqun , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: June 2020

A variety of chroman-4-ones bearing phosphine oxide motifs were conveniently synthesized from readily available diphenylphosphine oxide and alkenyl aldehydes via a metal-free tandem phosphinoylation/cyclization protocol. The reaction utilizes K2S2O8 as oxidant and proceeds in DMSO-H2O at environmentally benign conditions with broad substrate scope and afforded the title compounds in moderate yields.
Logistics of maritime transport
Authors: KRAVCHENKO Oksana , LYKHASHCHENKO Kateryna , BIELOBROV Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of maritime transport logistics. The authors analyze the issues of optimizing the work of organizations of all activities. The purpose of the work is to systematize and develop the theoretical and practical basis of maritime transport logistics. The purpose of sea transportation, types of cargo, directions of transportation, subjects of sea transportation, structure of the fleet are analyzed. The main types of sea transport vessels and main ports are provided. Features of sea logistics and names of the most known companies of sea logistics are presented. The introduction highlighted the work of domestic and foreign scientists on logistics. The study used methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction and deduction. As a result, maritime transport currently provides 4/5 of the world's cargo. Maritime logistics, ie the organization and provision of sea freight, is a special intermediary transport service that facilitates the process of delivery of goods from producer to consumer, regardless of the distance between them. Maritime logistics, ie the organization and provision of sea freight, is a special intermediary transport service that facilitates the process of delivery of goods from producer to consumer, regardless of the distance between them. The prerogative of maritime logistics is the transportation of goods by sea. This method of transportation is most suitable for the delivery of large over heavy loads over long distances. The organization of competent logistics of sea transportations is an important component of successful business. Transportation of products using ships has a number of advantages, due to which this type of delivery is one of the main, especially in the case of long-distance transportation.
Correlation between level of education and employment rate
Authors: MATIUK Tetiana , BESSARABOVA Nika-Kateryna
Published: June 2020

The paper is devoted to research correlation between level of education and employment rate. It is aimed at proving the impact of education on employment. Also in this paper was considered the issue of incompatibility of quality specialists by universities and colleges in market conditions and was displayed the role and place of the level of education in the world. Moreover, many current problems related to the level of education and theirs consequences were described below. In this paper was conducted an analysis of 60 different countries of the world which concluded that the unemployment rate is much lower among people with higher education. Therefore, the influence and correlation of the level of education on the number of employed people is proved. The level of education is one of the main factors of economic development because of reduction of unskilled work leads to the formation of a new quality of the economy. The level of education is the main factor in the employee’s competitiveness in the labor market, which directly affects the efficiency of employment in the country. Nowadays, in the world that is developing too fast, the employer constantly raises the level of requirements for the employee. Consequently, to be in demand as a specialist, you need to improve your competence invariably, attending all possible trainings and master classes and have to be able to properly and in time use the new acquired knowledge and skills. An important feature of the employee is the mobility that is ability to quickly adapt to new working conditions and in general positively and purposefully respond to the modernization of the workflow.
The purpose of the paper is to determine the impact of the level of education on employment rate and research their correlation.
Number and structure of graduates in Ukraine does not match with the structure of demand for them. Ukraine has one of the highest levels of education in Europe, this was confirmed of our exploration, but in the same time characterized by a reduction in employment due to inability to retrain workers, a large number of migration population and difficult economic situation. The system of training of specialists of Ukraine should be directed at strategic forecasting of the future for the formation of professional development and rational use of labor potential of Ukraine with exactly purposes, tasks and priorities.
STAND UP COMEDY SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Prawira Yudha Andana , Kurnia Titim
Published: June 2020

Languages nowadays are on the way to its disappearance, with almost 50% of them in the process of extinction. The most effective to language preservation is by way using the media. Jurieen Survey (2016) elaborates that 61% of TV viewers fond of watching humor programs, one of which is stand up comedy. Hence, TV media is expected to contribute on language preservation, Bahasa Indonesia in particular. How significant the influence of stand up comedy and what aspects of comedy represent against language preservation are the two primary focuses on the research. Based on the data sources and analysis results, Four aspects of stand-up comedy cover: linguistic, social, economic and religious. The conclusion is stand up comedy can be an effective mean to preserve language and to educate the community. Stand up comedy would be easily accepted and digested by the community, due to its light and humorous presentation style.Keyword: language preservation; mass media; humor
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Nasrudin Ayi
Published: June 2020

This article intends to disclose the relationship between leadership and employee motivation with its performance. Theorizers’ generally agree that leaders have an important role in motivating employees. It turns out boosting their performance. By means of tracing and analying from the various related literature, it can be concluded that one's performance is heavily influenced by the presence of leaders who are able to give adequate appreciation to their accomplishment. It also becomes supreme motivation over the employees to continuously maintain and improve their performance over time.Keywords: Leadershi; Motivation; Performance
PENYEBAB DAN PENCEGAHAN KORUPSI: KASUS INDONESIA
Authors: Sofhian Subhan
Published: June 2020

After 75 years of Indonesian Independence, the country is supposedly be developed and prosperous, as well as categorized to Super-power state, since it has abundant resources and potential demographic. However, the conditions that occur today cannot be progressed from the state of developing country. What makes Indonesia's not-so-good including massive and systematic corruption? Based on the premise, researchers review the documentation, rules, and regulations related to corruption issues. Are there enough rules? Or is there another cause that makes these rules blunt and helpless against reality? Based on the results of analyzing the rules and phenomena over government institutions, researchers conclude that the main factor of corruption in Indonesia occurs for human factors, especially those who own good strengths in government, economic, and social aspects.Key words: corruption; power; regulation; economy
Academic Achievement of Primary School Pupils: Investigating Home Environment Factors Contributing to Low Academic Performance
Authors: Akrofi Olivia
Published: June 2020

Home environment factors affect the mental and psychological capability of the learner to attain academic feats. This study investigated home environment factors contributing to low academic performance in primary school pupils in Ghana focusing on the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Primary School in Kumasi. Home environment factors include socio-economic status, parental style and family size. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 120 learners and 60 parents of the institution using questionnaires and interview respectively. The results revealed that a significant number of pupils described their homes as not conducive for learning and this was largely attributed to the parental socio-economic status. Again, lack of parental involvement negatively influences the academic work of learners. The study concluded that parents should be encouraged to participate in regular Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) meetings to learn more about parental styles and strategies to be more involved in their children’s education.

Keywords: Home environment factors, academic achievement, academic performance, socioeconomic status, parental style.
Sustаinаblе есonomiс dеvеlopmеnt of АPЕС сountriеs
Authors: Moсkutė Еglė , Birškytė Liuсijа
Published: June 2020

Thе аrtiсlе аnаlyzеs thе sustаinаblе есonomiс dеvеlopmеnt of аll сountriеs of Аsiа-Pасifiс Есonomiс Сoopеrаtion (АPЕС). Thе Аsiа-Pасifiс Есonomiс Сoopеrаtion, or аbbrеviаtеd аs АPЕС (Аsiа-Pасifiс Есonomiс Сoopеrаtion), is аn есonomiс forum for 21 Pасifiс stаtеs аimеd аt boosting rеgionаl trаdе аnd invеstmеnt, libеrаlizing mаrkеts, аnd dееpеning есonomiс сoopеrаtion. Sustаinаblе dеvеlopmеnt is lеgitimizеd аs а fundаmеntаl long-tеrm idеology of soсiеtаl dеvеlopmеnt аnd is undеrstood аs а сompromisе bеtwееn thе еnvironmеntаl, есonomiс аnd soсiаl goаls of soсiеty, еnаbling thе wеll-bеing of soсiеty for prеsеnt аnd futurе gеnеrаtions. For thе саlсulаtions of sustаinаblе dеvеlopmеnt, thе indiсаtors from thе 8th Goаl of sustаinаblе есonomiс dеvеlopmеnt (Dесеnt work аnd Есonomiс growth) will bе usеd аnd аnаlyzеd through yеаrs of 2014–2018. Sustаinаblе dеvеlopmеnt of АPЕС сountriеs will bе mеаsurеd using TOPSIS mеthod. Thе purposе of thе аrtiсlе is to аnаlyzе аnd dеtеrminе whiсh mеmbеrs of АPЕС аrе thе most есonomiсаlly dеvеlopеd аnd еxаminе thе сhаngе in thе dеvеlopmеnt of еасh сountry through thе yеаrs of 2014–2018.
The concept of marketing efforts consolidation at the global car market
Authors: Savych Oleksandr , Shkoda Tetiana
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the study is to research the peculiarities of the marketing concept development and form the concept of marketing efforts consolidation on the global car market. There are achieved the following principal objectives: 1) to research the evolution of marketing concepts; 2) to define the elements of the concept of marketing efforts consolidation; 3) to form the peculiarities and build the model of the concept of marketing efforts consolidation on the global car market. The results of the research are the created concept of marketing efforts consolidation on the global car market that is intended to accelerate sales and profits of car manufacturers as well as to be used by companies from different commodities markets. The method of systematic, critical and comparative analysis as well as synthesis and modeling method is employed.
Predicting the Albanian economic development using multivariate Markov chain model
Authors: Gjika (Dhamo) Eralda , Basha Lule , Allka Xhensilda , Ferrja Aurora
Published: June 2020

In this work, the economic development and relation to social and demography indices in Albania were studied. Four time series (yearly data for the period 1995–2018) were considered: consumer price index (CPI), unemployment rate, inflation and life expectancy. In our approach, a first and fifth order multivariate Markov chain model was proposed to predict the economic situation in Albania in the proceedings years. Tests and accuracy analysis of the model were performed. The prediction probabilities fall in the interval of 0.47 to 0.52 and the accuracy of both models is 75%. Our approach is a short term probability forecast model that can be used by the policymakers to evaluate and undertake initiatives to improve the situation in the country.
High-resolution Spectral Discriminants of Ocean Loss for M-dwarf Terrestrial Exoplanets
Authors: Leung Michaela , Meadows Victoria S. , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob
Published: June 2020

In the near future, extremely large ground-based telescopes may conduct some of the first searches for life beyond the solar system. High spectral resolution observations of reflected light from nearby exoplanetary atmospheres could be used to search for the biosignature oxygen. However, while Earth’s abundant O2 is photosynthetic, early ocean loss may also produce high atmospheric O2 via water vapor photolysis and subsequent hydrogen escape. To explore how to use spectra to discriminate between these two oxygen sources, we generate high-resolution line-by-line synthetic spectra of both a habitable Earth-like and post-ocean-loss Proxima Centauri b. We examine the strength and profile of four bands of O2 from 0.63 to 1.27 μm, and quantify their relative detectability. We find that 10 bar O2 post-ocean-loss atmospheres have strong suppression of oxygen bands, and especially the 1.27 μum band. This suppression is due to additional strong, broad O2–O2 collisionally induced absorption (CIA) generated in these more massive O2 atmospheres, which is not present for the smaller amounts of oxygen generated by photosynthesis. Consequently, any detection of the 1.27 μm band in reflected light indicates lower Earth-like O2 levels, which suggests a likely photosynthetic origin. However, the 0.69 μm O2 band is relatively unaffected by O2–O2 CIA, and the presence of an ocean-loss high-O2 atmosphere could be inferred via detection of a strong 0.69 μm O2 band, and a weaker or undetected 1.27 μm band. These results provide a strategy for observing and interpreting O2 in exoplanet atmospheres, that could be considered by future ground-based telescopes.
Determining the Composition of Relativistic Jets from Polarization Maps
Authors: Anantua Richard , Emami Razieh , Loeb Abraham , Chael Andrew
Published: June 2020

We present a stationary, axisymmetric, self-similar, semianalytic model of magnetically dominated jet plasma based on force-free regions of a relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation. We use this model to illustrate how the composition of relativistic jet plasma can be determined, with special attention to the example of M87. In particular, we compute synthetic Stokes maps in e
−
e
+
p plasmas with various positron-to-proton ratios using synchrotron emission models to scale the partial pressure of electrons and positrons that emit at the observed frequency to the magnetic pressure, taking into account Faraday rotation and conversion. The lepton-dominated models produce bilaterally asymmetric radio intensity profiles with strong linear polarization and Stokes Q and U maps that are bilaterally asymmetric (but strongly correlated across the jet axis) and antisymmetric (and sometimes anticorrelated), respectively. The hadronic models produce more centrally brightened intensity and polarization maps. Circular polarization provides the cleanest observational tool for distinguishing the plasmas, as it increases outward from the jet core and central axis for highly ionic plasma, and is suppressed for pair-dominated plasma. We find a measurable degree of circular polarization V/I of

for subequipartition hadronic jet plasmas averaged over milliarcsecond scales. Our stationary model predicts that the intensity-normalized autocorrelation functions of Q and U increase and decrease with frequency, respectively, for higher plasma betas in our parameter survey. On the other hand, the autocorrelation of V is sensitive to the frequency at lower betas. Multiband polarimetric observations could therefore be used as a novel probe of the composition of jet plasma.