bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration and Validation of a Microsimulation Model of Lane Closures on a Two-Lane Highway Work Zone
Authors: Haque Mm Shakiul , Zhao Li , Rilett Laurence R. , Tufuor Ernest O. A.
Published: September 2022

Lane closure on a two-lane work zone can negatively affect operational performance. Although a microsimulation model is often used to quantify and predict these negative impacts, it requires proper calibration to produce meaningful results. The sixth edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM-6) proposed a microsimulation model using limited empirical data from King County, Washington. Based on the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the applicability of the HCM-6 two-lane work zone model in a different geographical area. A preliminary application of the HCM-6 model to two test sites in Nebraska found that the HCM-6 estimation of the mean headways and travel times were statistically different from observed data at the 5% significance level. Therefore, this paper proposed an automatic microsimulation calibration methodology for identifying parameters that can match the distribution or the mean value of observed traffic data. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to show that a two-lane work zone microsimulation model calibrated using the empirical distributions of traffic measures can replicate the corresponding distributions at the 5% significance level. However, if the model was calibrated using the mean value of traffic measures, it could not replicate empirical distributions. This model was also validated using field data not used for calibration. The methodology proposed in this paper will benefit those who design and operate work zones because traffic agencies are interested in the variety of traffic conditions, not just the average. This paper concludes with a discussion on model transferability.
Screening and analysis of key genes in the biological behavior of bone mesenchymal stem cells seeded on gradient nanostructured titanium compared with native pure Ti
Authors: Shang Xinyue , Liu Keda , Wang Zhenbo , Sun Yantao , Cao Nanjue , Huang Wei , Zhu Yuhe , Wang Wei
Published: September 2022

Titanium (Ti) and Ti-based alloy materials are ideal brackets that restore bone defect, and the mechanism of related genes inducing bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteogenic differentiation is currently a hot research topic. In order to screen key genes of BMSCs during the osteogenic expression process, we acquired data sets (GSE37237 and GSE84500) which were in the database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Investigations on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their enrichment of functions were conducted. We constructed relative protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized the expression of DEGs with Cytoscape. A total of 279 DEGs were discerned, which could be divided into 177 down regulated genes and 102 up regulated genes. In addition, the DEGs' enrichment and pathways included regulation of actin cytoskeleton, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) pathway, cell cycle, Rheumatoid arthritis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway ect. It showed that 10 notable up regulated genes were mainly in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Then we used a technology named surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to prepare gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface Ti and seeded well-growing BMSCs on the surface of SMAT Ti and native pure Ti. Cell Counting Kits-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis experiment, immunofluorescence technology and staining experiments for alka-line phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to research the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation ability of BMSCs seeded on SMAT Ti compared with native pure Ti. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technology so as to verify the expression of the most significant 5 genes. In summary, these results indicated novel point of views into candidate genes and potential mechanism for the further study of BMSCs' behaviors seeded on SMAT Ti.
Neighborhood Poverty, Family Economic Well-Being, and Child Maltreatment
Authors: Maguire-Jack Kathryn , Sattler Kierra
Published: September 2022

This study sought to understand the relationships between neighborhood poverty, family monetary well-being, and child maltreatment. The specific research questions were as follows: (1) Is neighborhood poverty at age 1 related to child physical abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect at age 5? (2) Are these relationships mediated by family monetary well-being? The study relied on data from three waves (child ages 1, 3, and 5) of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth-cohort study of 4,898 children from 20 large U.S. cities. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine mediational effects. The study found a lasting impact of neighborhood poverty on child neglect only, and this relationship was fully mediated by family monetary well-being. There was not a significant longitudinal relationship between neighborhood poverty and physical abuse or psychological abuse. Implications from the study suggest that neighborhood disadvantage impacts a families’ economic well-being, and that individual-level economic supports may interrupt the pathway from neighborhood poverty to child neglect.
“Through the Things That Have Happened to Me, They’ve Made Me Stronger”: Individual and Interpersonal Sources of Violence and Resilience Among a Diverse Sample of Transgender Women in Los Angeles
Authors: Winiker Abigail K. , White Sydney , Candelario Jury , Takahashi Lois M. , Tobin Karin E.
Published: September 2022

Within the United States, transgender women face a disproportionate burden of violence, experiencing increased rates of multiple forms of violence compared with cisgender women and other sexual/gender minority groups. Among transgender women, further racial/ethnic disparities in experiences of violence exist. Resilience has been shown to be protective against the adverse impacts of violence on mental and physical health outcomes, yet little is known about unique sources of resilience, coping, and strength among transgender women. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with a racially diverse sample of transgender women between May and July, 2020 in Los Angeles. Participants were between the ages of 23 and 67 years. Four participants identified as African American/Black, four as Latina, four as White, two as Asian, and two as Native American. Participants were recruited from a local social service organization. Interview questions assessed social network characteristics, experiences of violence, coping mechanisms, and sources of resilience in response to violence. Deductive and inductive coding schemes were used to identify common themes, and data analysis focused upon experiences of violence and sources of resilience/coping. Violence was common among members of the sample, with every participant reporting a history of multiple forms of violence. Violence perpetration came from many sources, including cisgender male strangers, family members, intimate partners, and other transgender women. Women also reported multiple sources of strength and coping, including engaging in self-care and leisure activities, behavioral adaptations, mentorship/support from other transgender women, and striving to “pass” as cisgender. Despite having faced extensive violence, the participants in this sample were resilient, demonstrating many internal and external coping mechanisms and sources of strength. These findings can inform programs and services that target transgender women, providing participants with opportunities to build resilience and other coping mechanisms to buffer the harmful mental and physical health impacts of exposure to violence.
Family Care-Work Interference and Mid/Late-Career Motivation and Intentions: Mediating Role of Occupational Future Time Perspective
Authors: Alcover Carlos-María , Fernández-Salinero Samuel , Topa Gabriela , Desmette Donatienne
Published: September 2022

The combination of work and family obligations can lead to two-way interference, resulting in Family Care Interference with Work (FCIW) and Work Interference with Family Care (WIFC). Both can impact late career motivation and intentions to continue working or retire and reduce their occupational time perspective (OFTP). Through two studies, this paper shows how OFTP mediates the relationship between FCIW/WIFC and mid and late career indicators such as early retirement intentions and motivation to continue working beyond the retirement age. Our findings contribute to increasing knowledge of how increasing family caregiving obligations may impact the career intentions of working carers in their mid and late career stages.
An Examination of State Statutes and School District Policies Addressing Minors With Do Not Resuscitate Orders
Authors: Weiler Spencer , Birnbaum Matthew , Westbrook Philip
Published: September 2022

Due to advances in medical treatments, students with terminal illnesses are more likely to attend public schools, increasing the possibility that they may die on school property. However, educational health plans often fail to consider end-of-life care decisions. In the absence of federal or state statutes, school boards are left to navigate the issue of minors with Do Not Resuscitate Orders while at school. We examine state statutes and school board polices for minors with Do Not Resuscitate Orders attending or wishing to attend school. Themes from school district policies are discussed, and recommendations for federal, state, and local policymakers are made.
A Guide to the Canadian T3010 for Users of the U.S. Form 990
Authors: Searing Elizabeth A. M. , Grasse Nathan J.
Published: September 2022

This research note introduces nonprofit researchers accustomed to the U.S. Form 990 to the Canadian data captured on the T3010 financial form that will soon be available to researchers on a broad scale. Similar to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 990, the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) T3010 is an annual information filing required of every Canadian charity that meets certain requirements. However, several elements in the data are unique to the Canadian context, while others are similar to the Form 990 but must be interpreted with attention to differences in definition and accounting practice that might otherwise complicate attempts at cross-national comparisons. Once these elements and the data’s limitations are understood, however, the forthcoming datasets will allow rich analysis for researchers and practitioners in areas that are yet unexplored with large data sources.
Flow-reduced double valve actuation for improving the dynamic performance of electro-hydraulic servo drive
Authors: Lu Junting , Xie Haibo , Chen Yunmin , Yang Huayong
Published: September 2022

Due to the negative correlation between the frequency response and the rated flow of the servo valve, there remains challenge to achieve high dynamic response of large-flow servo valve-controlled hydraulic systems under extreme operating conditions. Although the effective bandwidth of such system can be extended via various control methods, the inherent performance limit of hardware limits further improvement of the system dynamic response. In this paper, a flow-reduced double valve actuation strategy is proposed to improve the performance of electro-hydraulic servo drives. By reducing the actually used flow, the frequency response of the servo valve is enhanced due to the decreased hydraulic spring force and transient flow force acting on the spool. Two flow-reduced servo valves are adopted in parallel to meet large flow along with the improved dynamic performance. Simulation research is conducted and a servo valve-controlled shaking table with a specially designed valve block is used for experimental validation. Simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed strategy possesses better dynamic performance than the conventional single valve actuation.
Numerical prediction of solid particle erosion in angle-cutting elbows with gas–solid flow
Authors: Liu Rongtang , Wang Yu , Liu Ming
Published: September 2022

Angle-cutting elbows (ACEs) are important components of pipelines for fluid diversion and distribution. Severe erosion may occur on the internal walls of ACEs used to transport solid–gas/liquid flow. Erosion may cause pipeline failures. Therefore, the ACE erosion is a fundamental problem. However, the literature on the erosion characteristics and structural optimization of ACEs is rarely reported. This study conducts a numerical prediction of solid particle erosion in ACEs with gas–solid flow. Simulation models based on the two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach and the E/CRC model are combined with particle-wall rebound models and a user defined function in the dispersed phase model. Simulation results are verified through a comparison with previously reported experimental results. The findings show that serious erosion occurs in the downstream part of the concave wall of ACE, whereas only slight erosion occurs on the convex wall of ACE. Therefore, anti-erosion measures should be adopted for the concave wall of ACEs. In addition, structural optimization of ACEs for erosion reduction is conducted. The optimal cutting angle is 40° > 50°, and the optimal non-dimensional cutting length is <1.05. The influence of fluid parameters on erosion characteristics is also determined. The erosion rate on the concave wall increases linearly with particle diameter and exponentially with inlet velocity.
Nonlinear coupled dynamic effects in flexure-amplified piezoelectric valve with an analytical transfer function
Authors: Ling Mingxiang , Wang Jue
Published: September 2022

There have been a number of publications on designing flow control valves with piezoelectric actuators or their amplified alternatives for potential use in high-speed fluid control devices. However, less attention is focused on the coupled and nonlinear dynamic behaviors of piezo-hydraulic systems. In the present study, it is theoretically demonstrated that the hydraulic nonlinear and coupled dynamic behaviors have a large influence on the flow characteristic of flexure-amplified piezoelectric valve. To this end, the analytical transfer function of a typical two-stage flow control valve driven by mechanically amplified piezoelectric stacks is derived to capture its coupled and nonlinear dynamic characteristics. The modeling process involves a multi-domain dynamic issue with electro-mechanical dynamics of piezoelectric stacks, elasto-mechanical dynamics of compliant mechanisms and hydraulic dynamics. The structural parameters among piezoelectric stack, compliant amplifying mechanism and hydraulics are optimally matched based on the analytical transfer function. An optimum prototype is also fabricated and experimentally evaluated. The obtained results clearly show the key role of optimizing the coupled dynamic parameters in designing flexure-amplified piezoelectric flow control valves.
Investigation of friction properties in the piston-cylinder liner region of a single-cylinder compressed air engine using the GT-SUITE program
Authors: Kunt Mehmet Akif
Published: September 2022

Dependence on nonrenewable fuels continues to a great extent today. Overuse of fossil fuels has brought along various environmental problems. In order to reduce such problems, compressed air engines have developed significantly during the last 20 years. Compressed air engines are environment-friendly engines that do not use fossil fuel and achieve expansion using compressed air. It is of great importance for engine efficiency to decrease friction losses of piston engines. There are not many studies in the literature focusing on friction manner of piston ring liner parts of compressed air engines with a piston. In this article, the transformation of a four-stroke gasoline engine with 388 cm3 displacement into a compressed air engine has been carried out and the friction manner between piston cylinder liner has been modeled with the help of GT-SUITE program using in-cylinder pressure-cylinder volume (P-V) data obtained from different engine loads under operating pressure of 12 bar and geometrical size of the engine. It has been determined according to the results of the simulation that asperity friction losses have not changed significantly in top dead center and bottom dead center regions due to low testing speed, and hydrodynamic power losses have occurred in the middle of the course. Lack of combustion reactions in such engines has resulted in compression leakages and unavailability of a quality oil film layer. Since there are no combustion reactions, the eccentric movement of the pistons of the compressed air engines is changed by the lubricating oil, engine speed, compression leaks, and viscosity parameters.
A national audit of the management of HIV-2 in adults in the UK
Authors: Tickell-Painter Maya , Chadwick David R , Deayton Jane R , Reeves Iain , van Halsema Clare L
Published: September 2022

Background

HIV-2 is rare in the UK. Many UK centres therefore only treat small numbers of people and there are few clinical trials to guide treatment. The British HIV Association (BHIVA) 2010 guidelines for management of HIV-2 formed the basis for this national audit, which aims to describe current practice and adherence to guidelines.

Methods

All UK centres providing HIV care were contacted via the BHIVA “Members Matters” newsletter, and asked to submit anonymised, retrospective data for individuals living with HIV-2 accessing care at their service.

Results

Thirty-five sites responded and data were analysed for 167 individuals. Nearly half of individuals accessed care at one of four large London centres (77/167, 46%). Most people living with HIV-2 have taken antiretroviral therapy (ART) (132/167, 79%). The most common reasons for initiating treatment were clinical disease (34/89, 38%) and pregnancy (11/89, 12%). Most treatment-naïve individuals were initiated on a protease inhibitor based regimen (70/89, 79%). The use of integrase strand transfer inhibitor based regimens has increased over time. A significant minority of patients did not have baseline drug resistance testing performed, despite having a detectable viral load (15/52, 29%). Virological failure occurred in a minority of individuals (21/132, 16%); the most common drug regimen change in this context was the addition of an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (12/26 regimen changes, 46%).

Conclusions

Most individuals living with HIV-2 were managed according to national guidance, with key areas for improvement including the choice of ART, drug resistance testing and the management of virological failure. It is hoped that this national audit, performed in conjunction with the updated 2021 BHIVA guidelines will improve the care of individuals living with HIV-2 in the UK.
Public perception of oilfield produced water: The case of California's Central Valley
Authors: Sarma Sumita , Michieka Nyakundi M.
Published: September 2022

Oilfield Produced Water (OPW) has been identified as a viable solution to mitigate water scarcity in California‘s Central Valley. However, consumer perception on the use of OPW outside of the oil and gas industry remains unknown and poses a hurdle for large-scale adoption. This paper, based on 134 randomly selected residents of Kern County (California‘s largest oil-producing county and top agricultural region), examined attitudes towards OPW reuse. In the survey, more than half (52.3%) of participants said that they have heard about oilfield-produced water and other reclaimed waters. Findings also suggest that participants mostly preferred rain and stormwater, and interestingly scored OPW higher than industrial and black waters for irrigation purposes. Around 67% of the participants supported the use of oilfield-produced water for irrigating crops. Younger people (18–29 years) expressed greater concern about using OPW compared to the older residents. Given the drought conditions in Central Valley, policymakers might need to focus on a circular economy and mandate the use of OPW in Central Valley considering that this region‘s economy lies at the nexus of the O&G and agriculture industries.
Equal probability embedded cubature particle PHD filter algorithm in multi-target tracking
Authors: Xie Jiahao , Huang Shucai , Wei Daozhi
Published: September 2022

In target tracking, multi-target tracking is the focus of research. It is primarily concerned with the issue of collaboratively estimating the number, state, or trajectory of targets based on sensor measurements in the presence of data association uncertainty, detection uncertainty, false observation, and noise. The current research hotspot in multi-target tracking is nonlinear multi-target tracking based on the probability hypothesis density algorithm. Furthermore, there are several considerations with this algorithm’s multi-target tracking, such as low estimate accuracy, filter divergence, and poor real-time performance. Based on equivalent probability sampling and the embedded volume criterion, this article demonstrates an equal probability embedded cubature particle probability hypothesis density filter algorithm. In the sampling stage, the algorithm implements the equal probability sampling method, divides the entire sampling area into several areas with equal probability, extracts particles from each region using the established criteria, generates limited integral points using the third-order embedded volume criterion, filters each sampling particle, fits the important density function, and predicts and updates the probability hypothesis density of multi-target state. The simulation results demonstrate that the equal probability sampling strategy outperforms other multi-target position and number estimation methods. Simultaneously, it demonstrates that the equal probability embedded cubature particle probability hypothesis density filter algorithm can effectively track multiple targets. The equal probability embedded cubature particle probability hypothesis density filter algorithm performs better in real-time and has a more accurate target number and state estimate than other algorithms.
Adhesion Characteristics of Human Pancreatic Islets, Duct Epithelial Cells, and Acinar Cells to a Polymer Scaffold
Authors: Nakashima Yoshiki , Iguchi Hiroki , Takakura Kenta , Nakamura Yuta , Izumi Kenji , Koba Naoya , Haneda Satoshi , Tsukahara Masayoshi
Published: September 2022

We reported in 2018 that among several extracellular matrices, fibronectin, type I collagen, type IV collagen, laminin I, fibrinogen, and bovine serum albumin, fibronectin is particularly useful for adhesion of porcine pancreatic tissue. Subsequently, we developed a technology that enables the chemical coating of the constituent motifs of fibronectin onto cell culture dishes. In this experiment, we used islets (purity ≥ 90%), duct epithelial cells (purity ≥ 60%), and acinar cells (purity ≥ 99%) isolated from human pancreas according to the Edmonton protocol published in 2000 and achieved adhesion to the constituent motifs of fibronectin. A solution including cGMP Prodo Islet Media was used as the assay solution. In islets, adhesion was enhanced with the constitutive motifs of fibronectin compared with uncoated islets. In the functional evaluation of islets, insulin mRNA expression and insulin secretion were enhanced by the constitutive motif of fibronectin compared with non-coated islets. The stimulation index was comparable between non-coated islets and fibronectin motifs. In duct epithelial cells, adhesion was mildly promoted by the fibronectin component compared with non-coated component, while in acinar cells, adhesion was inhibited by the fibronectin component compared with the non-coated component. These data suggest that the constitutive motifs of fibronectin are useful for the adhesion of islets and duct epithelial cells.
Coronavirus and Health Anxiety of Nursing Students in Two Different Countries
Authors: Sahin Karaduman Gul , Basak Tulay , Santana Fialho Sim-Sim Maria Margarida
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Even under normal circumstances, anxiety is quite common among nursing students. Therefore, this study compared nursing students’ health and coronavirus anxiety in two European countries.

Method:

The sample of the descriptive, cross-sectional study consisted of 685 undergraduate students studying at two different nursing schools in Turkey and Portugal. The study data were collected with the Personnel Data Collection Form, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Short Health Anxiety Inventory.

Results:

While there was no difference between the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale scores of Turkish and Portuguese nursing students ( p > .05), a statistically significant difference was found between the Short Health Anxiety Inventory total scores and negative consequences scores ( p < .05).

Discussion:

Against the pandemic that the whole world is experiencing, it is recommended to compare nursing students in a cultural context and take precautions.
The Effectiveness of Language-Specific Personal Care Education on Improving the Knowledge and Skills of Vietnamese American In-Home Supportive Service Caregivers
Authors: Vu Thu Hoang , Ju Eunae , Rousseau Julie , Gibbs Lisa , Saville Neika , Lee Jung-Ah
Published: September 2022

Background:

In-Home Supportive-Services (IHSS) caregivers provide personal care assistance to low-income older adults. According to the California Social Service Department, 20.2% of IHSS caregivers spoke Vietnamese in one county. The purpose of this project was to improve the knowledge and skills among these Vietnamese American caregivers by providing a language-specific and culturally appropriate education on personal care.

Methods:

The project used a pre- and post-test design. Under the guidance of nursing faculty, four Vietnamese-speaking nursing students provided a 2-hr educational program on personal care (e.g., bathing, oral care) to registered Vietnamese IHSS caregivers. A pre- and post-survey was conducted.

Results:

Overall, 55 caregivers completed the surveys. The surveys showed significant increases in confidence in knowledge and skills related to personal care topics (all ps < .001).

Conclusion:

The findings demonstrated that the cultural and language-specific education was effective in increasing knowledge and confidence of Vietnamese IHSS caregivers related to personal care for older adults.
Is Weight Loss During Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer Prognostic?
Authors: Davis Mellar , Vanenkevort Erin , Varun Samji , Young Amanda , Correa Ordonez Irina , Brown Jason , Wojtowicz Mark
Published: September 2022

Background

Predicting poor survival outcomes early in palliative chemotherapy is important to the timing of palliative care. Weight loss during chemotherapy if prognostic would lead to early palliative care.

Method

We collected demographics, stage, chemotherapy, chemotherapy cycles, weight, healthcare utilization, comorbidities (Charleson Comorbid Index), tumor markers, and weight changes over 60 days. We defined 3 groups of patients: 1. Weight gain to <.5% weight loss, 2. Weight loss< 2% and 3. Weight loss of >2%. A Chi-square test assessed differences in weight during treatment. Time-to-event analysis was expressed in a Kaplan Meier curve.

Results

93 individuals died of pancreatic cancer in 2018 and 2019. The median age was 71.2 years. Forty-three had stage I and II, 40 stages III and IV cancers, and 10 had unknown stages. Most received FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy. Thirty-six gained to lost < .5% during chemotherapy,8 lost < 2% and 49 patients lost > 2% of their weight. Mortality was available in 55 of 93 patients. Median survival was 16.6 months in those with weight gain to < .5% weight loss, 17.28 months for those with < 2% weight loss, and 20.5 months for those with > 2% weight loss ( P = .42).

Discussion

Weight loss over 60 days did not predict a poor prognosis in this small retrospective study; larger prospective studies may clarify the prognostic importance of weight loss during chemotherapy.

Conclusion

In this small retrospective study, weight loss over 60 days did not predict poor survival.
Effects of Surgical and Natural Menopause on Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Dyadic Adjustment: A Descriptive and Comparative Study
Authors: Gümüşsoy Süreyya , Öztürk Ruşen , Keskin Gülseren , Özlem Yıldırım Gül
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to assess body image, self-esteem, and dyadic adjustment in surgically menopausal, naturally menopausal, and perimenopausal women. This descriptive and comparative study was conducted in the clinics and polyclinic of a university hospital with a total of 274 women: 91 in the surgical menopause, 91 in the natural menopause, and 92 in the perimenopause groups. An Individual Introduction Form, the Body Cathexis Scale (BCS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) were used for data collection. The women in the surgical menopause group had significantly higher mean scores for RSES and BCS and lower mean scores for DAS than the women in the natural menopause and perimenopause groups, with the higher BCS and RSES scores indicating lower self-esteem and body satisfaction. A weak negative correlation was found among dyadic adjustment, self-esteem, and body image of women in the surgical menopause group. Results showed that body image, self-esteem, and dyadic adjustment in menopausal women were impaired. This impairment was greater in the surgical menopause group than in the natural menopause group. Additionally, the presence of comorbid chronic diseases, less education, and being overweight negatively affected dyadic adjustment in women. Clinicians’ awareness of the importance of the psychological aspects of menopause and the difference in the effects of menopause transition on mental well-being (body image, self-esteem, and marital harmony) according to the occurrence of menopause will enable them to help patients cope more easily with this process.
COVID-19 Experiences of Relatives of Nursing Home Residents
Authors: de Rosa Cristina B. , Zhou Yanjun , Lyons Amy , Chang Yu-Ping
Published: September 2022

Nursing home residents comprise a disproportionate share of coronavirus-related deaths in the United States. Additionally, lockdown restrictions disrupted residents’ relationships with their family members to an unknown extent. This study explored family members’ perceived family role and interactions with nursing home residents and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, 10 family members were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s Reflexive Thematic analysis. Themes and subthemes indicated that family members accounted for residents’ care in new ways, found existing relationships becoming amplified under stress, maintained connections through creative alternatives, and also felt powerless to provide care, despite their knowledge and experience. Family members increasingly relied on staff to meet residents’ care needs and provide updates, and often desired to provide assistance and companionship beyond what policy permitted, representing a major opportunity for improving experiences.
Relationships Between Well-Being and Teaching Adaptability Among Music Teacher Educators: A Snapshot of the 2020–2021 Academic Year
Authors: Roseth Nicholas E. , Blackwell Jennifer
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this survey study was to explore the relationships between well-being and adaptability among music teacher educators in the United States during the 2020–2021 academic year. We used an online questionnaire to collect data related to demographics, well-being, adaptability, and academic year events. The 85 participants reported relatively high levels of psychological well-being and adaptability. Specific adaptability attributes (e.g., ability to draw on positive feelings and emotions when confronted with new situations in the classroom) were found to be significant predictors of overall well-being.
Policy Dispositions Among Music Administrators in Higher Education
Authors: Helton Benjamin C. , Delfing Jason M.
Published: September 2022

Music teachers commonly lack basic awareness of and skill in navigating various education policy areas. One explanation for this lack of policy acumen is the general absence of policy content within the preservice music teacher curriculum. While music teacher educators have primary responsibility for curricular decisions, music education program leaders and music school administrators who regularly operate within policy realms might be expected to indirectly influence policy integration as part of undergraduate and graduate music education courses. To test this theory, we surveyed administrators who influence and finalize these curricular decisions. Respondents tended to have modest policy dispositions, which was consistent with similar work done with different populations and stakeholders. Given this finding, we provide suggestions to help garner more interest in policy among music teacher educators and administrators in an attempt to make the topic more germane to both pre- and inservice music teachers.
Aminoglycoside Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Krueger Chelsea K. , Bruno Jeffrey J. , Tverdek Frank P. , Hernandez Mike , Abudayyeh Ala
Published: September 2022

Background:

There are few studies describing aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Objective:

To characterize the effect of CRRT on aminoglycoside clearance and volume of distribution ( Vd).

Methods:

Retrospective observational pharmacokinetic study of adult critically ill oncologic patients who received a first dose of amikacin or tobramycin during CRRT between February 2012 and May 2017. Study outcomes included aminoglycoside clearance, Vd, and attainment of the target peak: MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) ratio as a surrogate for dosing appropriateness.

Results:

In total, 80 patients were included, sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED), n = 49; continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD), n = 19; continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), n = 12. Fifty-one patients received amikacin at a median dose of 14.5 mg/kg per actual body weight and achieved a median peak level of 26.7 mg/L. Twenty-nine patients received tobramycin at a median dose of 6.5 mg/kg actual body weight and achieved a median peak level of 10.3 mg/L. The median aminoglycoside clearance was 63.1 mL/min and was similar between CRRT modality groups ( P = 0.97). The median Vd was 0.47 L/kg and was different between the SLED and CVVH groups ( P = 0.007). Attainment of target peak: MIC occurred in 29% in the total study population and 44% in the subgroup of 23 patients with isolates tested for aminoglycoside susceptibility.

Conclusion and Relevance:

Critically ill oncology patients undergoing CRRT exhibited reduced clearance and expanded Vd that was not significantly different between CRRT modalities. Current dosing regimens led to low peak concentrations and poor attainment of pharmacokinetic targets.
Szasz-Favard-Mirakyan operators for Chaos synchronization: An Observer-based approach
Authors: Izadbakhsh Alireza , Kalat Ali Akbarzadeh , Nazari Ali Jamali
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a Szasz-Favard-Mirakyan operator is exploited for chaos synchronization of a master-slave system. The universal approximation feature asset lets in Szasz-Favard-Mirakyan operators for approximating uncertainties, including un-modeled dynamics and disturbances. The above subject is considered in detail in this investigation. It is confirmed that the synchronization/approximation errors are uniformly bounded and stable if the Szasz-Favard-Mirakyan operators are applied as the regressors. Additionally, it has been presumed that the synchronization’s error rate is not available, and an observer will be designed for its estimation. The Duffing–Holmes oscillator is examined as the computer-generated chaotic framework with the target of examining the functioning of the recommended synchronization observer-based controller. The outcomes are compared with an effective approximation-based control strategy. Unlike Chebyshev Neural Network approximators in which the system’s inputs states are needed to define the regressor vector and approximate uncertainties, the suggested Szasz-Favard-Mirakyan operators–based strategy is independent of the system states for constructing the regressor vector.
Audio Postcard
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: September 2022

I write autoethnographically to explore Joni Mitchell’s return to the stage after a prolonged absence. In doing so, I aim to consider what it means to be present at a distance in the digital moment. I hope this work encourages others on their respective paths.
Comparison of ultrasonographic renal measurements in kittens up to 3 months of age and young cats
Authors: Castiglioni Maria CR , Rahal Sheila C , Silva Jeana P , Mamprim Maria J
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate renal measurements by B-mode ultrasound in kittens during their first 3 months and compare them with those of young adult cats.

Methods

Forty-eight healthy mixed-breed cats (24 males and 24 females) were enrolled in this study. The cats were divided into six age groups: groups 1–5 (kittens) and group 6 (young adult cats). Each kidney was examined using B-mode imaging and the following measurements taken: renal length (RL), renal height (RH), renal width (RW), cortical thickness (CoT), medullary thickness (MdT) and corticomedullary ratio (CMr). The ratio and correlation of RL to aortic diameter (AoD) and the length of the fifth/sixth lumbar vertebrae (LLV) were also determined.

Results

Among groups, there was a statistically significant difference between RW, renal volume (RV), CoT, MdT and CMr. The smallest renal dimensions were obtained in the youngest kittens (up to 10 days of age), including RL (1.84 ± 0.40 cm), RH (1.14 ± 0.17 cm), RW (1.25 ± 0.20 cm) and RV (1.47 ± 0.68 ml). A strong correlation was observed between RL:AoD and RL:LLV, allowing for linear regression equations and reference intervals for RL:AoD and RL:LLV to be created for each age group.

Conclusions and relevance

B-mode ultrasound showed that renal measurements in kittens differed from those in young adult cats, and that the renal dimensions, renal CoT and CMr increased with the growth of the cat. The RL-LLV ratio is a reliable method for measuring RL according to age group.
Multimodal evaluation of osteosarcoma choroidal metastasis
Authors: Fernández Mancebo Federico M. , Inga M. Eugenia , Daich Varela Malena
Published: September 2022

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone carcinoma. Adulthood most frequent intraocular malignant tumor is choroidal metastasis; however, these are rarely related to sarcomas. There are only two OS-related choroidal metastasis cases reported in the literature, both prior to 1970.

Case presentation

A 20-year-old man with a history of tibial OS, right leg amputation, and lung and brain metastases, presented with decreased vision in his right eye (OD). Ophthalmic examination revealed a best-corrected visual acuity of hand movements and a large, posterior pole, nodular, subretinal mass, with associated fluid. B-scan revealed a heterogeneous lump, with medium/high reflectivity, and a height-to-base ratio (HBR) of 1-1.2, approximately. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a hyperdense and contrast-enhanced mass, while on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the lesion appeared T1-isointense and T2-hypointense.

Conclusion

Choroidal OS metastasis can appear as a pink nodule with high HBR and intralesional hyperreflective deposits. Sudden visual changes in individuals with OS-related systemic metastatic disease should be monitored closely by ophthalmology and oncology jointly.
Hinged tarsal flap: A novel technique for canthal tendon reconstruction
Authors: Awad Mary , Wilde Craig , Tambe Katya
Published: September 2022

Background/Objectives

Reconstruction of the medial canthal region is challenging due to the complex regional anatomy. Options to reconstruct a medial canthal tendon sacrificed during tumour removal is limited. We present a novel surgical technique where hinged tarsal flap serves to substitute the canthal tendons.

Methods

This is a retrospective consecutive case series of five patients that underwent canthal reconstruction using this novel technique between May and December 2020. Electronic patient records and medical photograph database were reviewed. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, location and histology of the lesion, size of the resultant defect, reconstructive technique and post-operative complications were noted.

Results

All patients had good eyelid stability with no malposition, lagophthalmos or exposure keratopathy. No or minimal distraction of the eyelid from the globe, good cosmetic outcomes and no troublesome watering was reported. No wound dehiscence, no sight loss and no further surgical intervention was warranted.

Conclusion

Multiple techniques have previously been described to reattach the medial canthal tendon with silk or supramid sutures. Transnasal wiring, stainless-steel screw and mini-plate fixation are also described, but carry a high risk of complications and are unfamiliar amongst most oculoplastic surgeons. Our technique is quick and simple and utilises autogenous tissue without breaching the periosteum which acts as a natural barrier to tumour infiltration. Refashioning the canthal tendon aids to lengthen the remaining eyelid stump, reducing the horizontal length required to reform the newly constructed eyelid and facilitates the reconstruction.
Visual outcomes of non-diffractive extended-depth-of-focus and enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses: A case-control study
Authors: Sabur Huri , Unsal Ugur
Published: September 2022

Objective

To compare the visual outcomes of a non-diffractive extended-depth-of-focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL) with an enhanced monofocal IOL.

Methods

We evaluated 76 eyes from 38 patients who had undergone bilateral cataract surgery with implantation of either an EDoF IOL (AcrySof IQ Vivity, n = 40 eyes) or an enhanced monofocal IOL (Tecnis Eyhance, n = 36 eyes). Objective refraction, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, DCIVA), uncorrected and distance-corrected near visual acuity (UNVA, DCNVA), binocular defocus curves, contrast sensitivity, halo and glare perception, and spectacle independence were compared.

Results

Monocular and binocular UDVA, CDVA, UIVA, and DCIVA were comparable in both groups, whereas UNVA and DCNVA were significantly better with the Vivity group than with the Eyhance group. The two groups had no statistically significant difference regarding photopic and scotopic contrast sensitivities or halo and glare perception. Compared to the Eyhance IOL, the Vivity IOL had a larger landing zone in the defocus curve and provided higher spectacle independence for near vision.

Conclusion

Both the AcrySof IQ Vivity and Tecnis Eyhance IOLs had excellent distant and intermediate visual acuity, while the former had more satisfactory near vision outcomes with greater spectacle independence rate. No differences were obtained between two IOLs in terms of patient satisfaction and visual disturbances such as halo and glare.
Osteoporosis, bisphosphonates, and ocular inflammation
Authors: Nouraeinejad Ali
Published: September 2022

Background

Osteoporosis, as a musculoskeletal disease, is very common, especially in the era of aging society. It is described by a reduction in bone strength and increased risk of fractures, which are linked to considerable morbidity, mortality, and high healthcare burdens. Bisphosphonates are the most commonly used drugs to manage osteoporosis and they consequently reduce fracture risk. However, one of the clinical challenges is fear of side effects in patients who are using bisphosphonates as the administration of these drugs is lengthy. Ocular inflammation has been reporting as one of the potential vision-threatening side effects of bisphosphonates.

Purpose

To review previously reported ocular inflammation in patients taking bisphosphonates.

Method

A literature survey was conducted using databases in order to collect data for a narrative review of published reports regarding ocular side effects of bisphosphonates.

Results

People taking bisphosphonates were at a relatively low risk of ocular inflammation, with the onset from a few hours after exposure up to more than 3 years. The release of inflammatory mediators mainly by activated gamma delta T cells in response to bisphosphonates was the main cause of ocular inflammation.

Conclusion

Strategies for treating patients with osteoporosis should consider the potential ocular side effects of bisphosphonates. Ocular inflammation, as one of the side effects of bisphosphonates, is a serious sight-threatening sign and should be taken seriously. Greater awareness of the association between bisphosphonate use and ocular inflammation may allow for earlier identification and timely treatment of future cases.
Comparison of safety and efficacy of silicone hydrogel contact Lens-assisted CXL and accelerated CXL in keratoconus patients with thin corneas
Authors: Uysal Betul Seher , Ozmen Mehmet Cuneyt , Yuksel Murat , Aydın Bahri , Bilgihan Kamil
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone hydrogel contact lens-assisted corneal cross-linking (CL-CXL) and compare 12-month visual and topographic outcomes with accelerated CXL using hypo-osmolar riboflavin (A-CXL) in keratoconus patients with thin corneas (below 400 μm with epithelium).

Methods

This retrospective study included 27 eyes of 27 keratoconus patients who underwent CL-CXL (n = 14) or A-CXL (n = 13). Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA) and data obtained from corneal topography were analyzed at baseline and again at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Corneal demarcation line depth (DLD) was measured at one month, and changes in the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) at 12 months were also assessed.

Results

Mean UDVA improved significantly in both groups at 12 months (all p < 0.05). Maximum keratometry (K-max) decreased by 1.04 ± 1.90 D in the CL-CXL group and by 0.87 ± 1.89 D in the A-CXL group at 12 months, which was not statistically significant (all p>0.05). Total corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) analysis showed a significant improvement in only the CL-CXL group at 12 months (p = 0.041). Average DLD was 227.18 ± 65.60 μm in the CL-CXL group and 245.30 ± 66.84 μm in the A-CXL group (p = 0.275). No significant change in ECD was found in either group (all p>0.05). Mean changes in UDVA, CDVA, K-max, K-mean, HOAs, and ECD were not statistically significant between the groups (all p>0.05).

Conclusions

Silicone hydrogel CL-assisted CXL seems as effective as A-CXL in halting keratoconus progression in thin corneas with no side effects during the one-year follow-up period.