bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Simulations Using PopSyCLE
Authors: Pruett Kerianne , Dawson William , Medford Michael S. , Lu Jessica R. , Lam Casey , Perkins Scott , McGill Peter , Golovich Nathan , Chapline George
Published: July 2024

Primordial black holes (PBHs), theorized to have originated in the early Universe, are speculated to be a viable form of dark matter. If they exist, they should be detectable through photometric and astrometric signals resulting from gravitational microlensing of stars in the Milky Way. Population Synthesis for Compact-object Lensing Events, or PopSyCLE, is a simulation code that enables users to simulate microlensing surveys, and is the first of its kind to include both photometric and astrometric microlensing effects, which are important for potential PBH detection and characterization. To estimate the number of observable PBH microlensing events, we modify PopSyCLE to include a dark matter halo consisting of PBHs. We detail our PBH population model, and demonstrate our PopSyCLE + PBH results through simulations of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment-IV (OGLE-IV) and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) microlensing surveys. We provide a proof-of-concept analysis for adding PBHs into PopSyCLE, and thus include many simplifying assumptions, such as f
DM, the fraction of dark matter composed of PBHs, and

m

¯

PBH

, mean PBH mass. Assuming

m

¯

PBH

=
30

M
⊙, we find ∼3.6f
DM times as many PBH microlensing events than stellar evolved black hole events, a PBH average peak Einstein crossing time of ∼91.5 days, estimate on order of 102
f
DM PBH events within the 8 yr OGLE-IV results, and estimate Roman to detect ∼1000f
DM PBH microlensing events throughout its planned microlensing survey.
Klein–Nishina Corrections to the Spectra and Light Curves of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows
Authors: McCarthy George A. , Laskar Tanmoy
Published: July 2024

Multiwavelength modeling of the synchrotron radiation from relativistic transients such as gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows is a powerful means of exploring the physics of relativistic shocks and of deriving properties of the explosion, such as the kinetic energy of the associated relativistic outflows. Capturing the location and evolution of the synchrotron cooling break is critical to break parameter degeneracies associated with such modeling. However, the shape of the spectrum above the cooling break, as well as the location and evolution of the break itself can be significantly altered by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) cooling. We present an observer’s guide to applying SSC cooling with and without Klein–Nishina (KN) corrections to GRB afterglow modeling. We provide a publicly available Python code to calculate the Compton Y-parameter as a function of electron Lorentz factor, from which we compute changes to the electron distribution, along with KN-corrected afterglow spectra and light curves. In this framework, the canonical synchrotron spectral shapes split into multiple subregimes. We summarize each new spectral shape and describe its observational significance. We discuss how KN corrections can account for harder spectra and shallower decline rates observed in some GRB X-ray afterglows. Our overall aim is to provide an easy application of SSC+KN corrections into analytical multiwavelength modeling frameworks for relativistic transients.
New Observational Recipes for Measuring Dynamical States of Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Kim Hyowon , Smith Rory , Ko Jongwan , Shinn Jong-Ho , Chun Kyungwon , Shin Jihye , Yoo Jaewon
Published: July 2024

During cluster assembly, a cluster’s virialization process leaves behind signatures that can provide information on its dynamical state. However, no clear consensus yet exists on the best way to achieve this. Therefore, we attempt to derive improved recipes for classifying the dynamical states of clusters in observations using cosmological simulations. The cluster halo mass and their subhalos’ mass are used to 1014
M
⊙
h
−1 and 1010
M
⊙
h
−1 to calculate five independent dynamical state indicators. We experiment with recipes by combining two to four indicators for detecting specific merger stages, like recent and ancient mergers. These recipes are made by plotting merging clusters and a control sample of relaxed clusters in multiple-indicator parameter space, then applying a rotation matrix method to derive the best way to separate mergers from the control sample. The success of the recipe is quantified using the success rate and overlap percentage of the merger and control histograms along the newly rotated x-axis. This provides us with recipes using different numbers of combined indicators and for different merger stages. Among the recipes, the stellar mass gap and center offset are the first and second most dominant of the indicators, and using more indicators improves the effectiveness of the recipe. When applied to observations, our results show good agreement with literature values of cluster dynamical states.
Spectroscopic Survey of Faint Planetary-nebula Nuclei. V. The EGB 6-type Central Star of Abell 57*
Authors: Bond Howard E. , Chaturvedi Akshat S. , Ciardullo Robin , Werner Klaus , Zeimann Gregory R. , Siegel Michael H.
Published: July 2024

During our spectroscopic survey of central stars of faint planetary nebulae (PNe), we found that the nucleus of Abell 57 exhibits strong nebular emission lines. Using synthetic narrowband images, we show that the emission arises from an unresolved compact emission knot (CEK) coinciding with the hot (90,000 K) central star. Thus Abell 57 belongs to the rare class of “EGB 6-type” PNe, characterized by dense emission cores. Photometric data show that the nucleus exhibits a near-infrared excess, due to a dusty companion body with the luminosity of an M0 dwarf but a temperature of ∼1800 K. Emission-line analysis reveals that the CEK is remarkably dense (electron density ∼ 1.6 × 107 cm−3), and has a radius of only ∼4.5 au. The CEK suffers considerably more reddening than the central star, which itself is more reddened than the surrounding PN. These puzzles may suggest an interaction between the knot and central star; however, Hubble Space Telescope imaging of EGB 6 itself shows that its CEK lies more than ∼125 au from the PN nucleus. We discuss a scenario in which a portion of the asymptotic giant branch wind that created the PN was captured into a dust cloud around a distant stellar companion; this cloud has survived to the present epoch, and has an atmosphere photoionized by radiation from the hot central star. However, in this picture EGB 6-type nuclei should be relatively common, yet they are actually extremely rare; thus they may arise from a different transitory phenomenon. We suggest future observations of Abell 57 that may help unravel its mysteries.
The Temporal Evolution of Nonneutralized Electric Currents and the Complexity of Solar Active Regions
Authors: Kontogiannis Ioannis , Georgoulis Manolis K.
Published: July 2024

We study the evolution of electric currents during the emergence of magnetic flux in the solar photosphere and the differences exhibited between solar active regions of different Hale complexity classes. A sample of 59 active regions was analyzed using a method based on image segmentation and error analysis to determine the total amount of nonneutralized electric current along their magnetic polarity inversion lines. The time series of the total unsigned nonneutralized electric current, I
NN,tot, exhibit intricate structure in the form of distinct peaks and valleys. This information is largely missing in the respective time series of the total unsigned vertical electric current I

z
. Active regions with δ-spots stand out, exhibiting a 1.9 times higher flux emergence rate and 2.6 times higher I
NN,tot increase. The median value of their peak I
NN,tot is equal to 3.6 × 1012 A, which is more than three times higher than that of the other regions of the sample. An automated detection algorithm was also developed to pinpoint the injection events of nonneutralized electric current. The injection rates and duration of these events were higher with increasing complexity of active regions, with regions containing δ-spots exhibiting the strongest and longest events. These events do not necessarily coincide with increasing magnetic flux, although they exhibit moderate correlation. We conclude that net electric currents are injected during flux emergence but are also shaped drastically by the incurred photospheric evolution as active regions grow and evolve.
oMEGACat. III. Multiband Photometry and Metallicities Reveal Spatially Well-mixed Populations within ω Centauri’s Half-light Radius
Authors: Nitschai M. S. , Neumayer N. , Häberle M. , Clontz C. , Seth A. C. , Milone A. P. , Alfaro-Cuello M. , Bellini A. , Dreizler S. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Husser T.-O. , Kacharov N. , Kamann S. , Latour M. , Libralato M. , van de Ven G. , Voggel K. , Wang Z.
Published: July 2024

ω Centauri, the most massive globular cluster in the Milky Way, has long been suspected to be the stripped nucleus of a dwarf galaxy that fell into the Galaxy a long time ago. There is considerable evidence for this scenario including a large spread in metallicity and an unusually large number of distinct subpopulations seen in photometric studies. In this work, we use new Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer spectroscopic and Hubble Space Telescope photometric catalogs to investigate the underlying metallicity distributions as well as the spatial variations of the populations within the cluster up to its half-light radius. Based on 11,050 member stars, the [M/H] distribution has a median of (−1.614 ± 0.003) dex and a large spread of ∼1.37 dex, reaching from −0.67 to −2.04 dex for 99.7% of the stars. In addition, we show the chromosome map of the cluster, which separates the red giant branch stars into different subpopulations, and analyze the subpopulations of the most metal-poor component. Finally, we do not find any metallicity gradient within the half-light radius, and the different subpopulations are well mixed.
The Santa Barbara Binary−disk Code Comparison
Authors: Duffell Paul C. , Dittmann Alexander J. , D’Orazio Daniel J. , Franchini Alessia , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Penzlin Anna B. T. , Ragusa Enrico , Siwek Magdalena , Tiede Christopher , Wang Haiyang , Zrake Jonathan , Dempsey Adam M. , Haiman Zoltan , Lupi Alessandro , Pirog Michal , Ryan Geoffrey
Published: July 2024

We have performed numerical calculations of a binary interacting with a gas disk, using 11 different numerical methods and a standard binary−disk setup. The goal of this study is to determine whether all codes agree on a numerically converged solution and to determine the necessary resolution for convergence and the number of binary orbits that must be computed to reach an agreed-upon relaxed state of the binary−disk system. We find that all codes can agree on a converged solution (depending on the diagnostic being measured). The zone spacing required for most codes to reach a converged measurement of the torques applied to the binary by the disk is roughly 1% of the binary separation in the vicinity of the binary components. For our disk model to reach a relaxed state, codes must be run for at least 200 binary orbits, corresponding to about a viscous time for our parameters, 0.2(a
2Ω
B
/ν) binary orbits, where ν is the kinematic viscosity. The largest discrepancies between codes resulted from the dimensionality of the setup (3D vs. 2D disks). We find good agreement in the total torque on the binary between codes, although the partition of this torque between the gravitational torque, orbital accretion torque, and spin accretion torque depends sensitively on the sink prescriptions employed. In agreement with previous studies, we find a modest difference in torques and accretion variability between 2D and 3D disk models. We find cavity precession rates to be appreciably faster in 3D than in 2D.
Injection Process of Pickup Ion Acceleration at an Oblique Heliospheric Termination Shock
Authors: Matsukiyo Shuichi , Matsumoto Yosuke
Published: July 2024

The injection process of pickup ion acceleration at a heliospheric termination shock is investigated. Using two-dimensional fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation, accelerated pickup ions are self-consistently reproduced by tracking long time evolution of shocks with an unprecedentedly large system size in the shock normal direction. Reflected pickup ions drive upstream large-amplitude waves through resonant instabilities. Convection of the large-amplitude waves causes shock surface reformation and alters the downstream electromagnetic structure. A part of pickup ions are accelerated to tens of upstream flow energy in the timescale of ∼100 times inverse ion gyrofrequency. The initial acceleration occurs through the shock surfing acceleration (SSA) mechanism followed by the shock drift acceleration mechanism. Large electrostatic potential accompanied by the upstream waves enables the SSA to occur.
Enhanced Efficiency of Solar Wind Electron Interaction with Whistlers
Caused by Switchback-related Magnetic Dips
Authors: Vo Tien , Agapitov Oleksiy V. , Choi Kyung-Eun , Cattell Cynthia A. , Redepenning Jack , Colomban Lucas
Published: July 2024

Through test particle simulations based on solar wind observations by the Parker
Solar Probe (PSP) mission, we demonstrate that a magnetic gradient can
significantly enhance the efficiency of scattering and energization of the
strahl electrons by quasi-parallel whistlers, through the phase trapping effect
due to the gyrosurfing mechanism. We identify quasi-linear and nonlinear regimes
of these interactions for different combinations of wave amplitude
(B

w
/B
0)
and the strength of the magnetic field gradient with magnetic field depletion
level
(B

h
/B
0)
as a proxy. Nonlinear effects are observed for
B

w
/B
0
≳ 10−3 and
B

h
/B
0
≳ 0.1. We estimated the extending of the resonant energy range due to the
wave and the magnetic field gradient interplay and demonstrated that these
mechanisms result in the broadening of the strahl electron pitch-angle
distribution typically observed in situ. The combination of parallel whistlers
collocated with a magnetic gradient is frequently observed by PSP in magnetic
dips at the edges of magnetic switchbacks. Our results indicate that these
mechanisms may be highly relevant for pitch-angle scattering of the strahl
electrons and regulating the heat flux near the Sun at heliocentric distances of
30–45 R

S
. Specifically, core
and halo electrons may experience a 10% increase in their initial energy,
and the majority of strahl electrons may be scattered (by an average of 30°)
into the hot and trapped plasma inside magnetic dips.
Severe hypoglycemia induced by Tigecycline in a diabetic and hemodialysis patient
Authors: Puca Entela , Puca Edmond , Vrekaj Klei , Puca Dea
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Tigecycline has a broad spectrum of activity, including activity against drug-resistant Gram-positive and -negative microorganisms. Its side effects are significant, but hypoglycemia is a rare finding during treatment. We aim to present an event of severe hypoglycemia in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with replacement renal therapy, and hemodialysis after initiating tigecycline.
Case presentation: A 54-year-old female diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus was under treatment with basal-bolus insulin therapy and oral antihypertensive drugs. She started hemodialysis 24 months ago. She complained of recurrent fever for the last seven months and was treated with several antibiotics. In two separate blood cultures, she tested positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). Based on the antibiogram, we started treatment with tigecycline 100 mg/day. After 6-8 hours from the first dose, the patient is complicated with events of hypoglycemia and then continues with severe hypoglycemia (40-47 mg/dL). The patient continued to have hypoglycemia for about 16-18 hours after the last dose. We didn’t find any reasons to explain the cause of episodes of hypoglycemia. She did not have high blood insulin levels (insulin 4.11 mIU/L [range 2.6-24.9]). We followed her for six months and the patient did not experience episodes of hypoglycemia.
Conclusions: The association of severe hypoglycemia with tigecycline treatment is a very rare event and published papers on this topic are limited. Clinicians should be aware of this rare event when administering tigecycline and should routinely check blood glucose level during the treatment.
Fuzzy and spatial analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pará State, Brazilian Amazon: an ecological and exploratory study
Authors: Costa Simone BN , Miranda Claudia do SC , De Souza Bruna C , Guimarães Heloisa Maria M e S , Faria Camylle MC , Da S Campos Pedro S , Koury Taiana MA , Da Paixão José Gabriel M , Leal Alessandra L , Carrera Maria de Fátima P , De Brito Silvana R , Gonçalves Nelson V
Published: July 2024

Introduction: This study sought to analyze the relationships between cutaneous leishmaniasis and its epidemiological, environmental and socioeconomic conditions, in the 22 microregions of Pará state, Brazil, for the period from 2017 to 2022.
Methodology: In this ecological and exploratory study, the microregions were used as spatial units because they are formed by contiguous municipalities with similar characteristics. The epidemiological, environmental, socioeconomic, and public health policy data employed were obtained from the official information systems at the Ministry of Health, National Institute for Space Research, and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. A fuzzy system was developed to identify risk factors for the disease, using Python programming language. The results were analyzed with the bivariate Global Moran spatial analysis technique.
Results: It was observed that the Altamira microregion had the highest risk percentage for the disease, while Breves had the lowest, with significant differences in the relevance of its conditioning factors, mainly related to land use and cover patterns, in addition to demography and living conditions index, education and public health policies.
Conclusions: The fuzzy system associated with the geostatistical technique was satisfactory for identifying areas with health vulnerability gradients related to deforestation, pasture, poverty, illiteracy, and health services coverage, as its conditioning variables. Thus, it was demonstrated that deforestation was the main risk factor for the disease. The system can also be used in environmental and epidemiological surveillance.
Diet comparison suggests limited competition between invasive black rats (Rattus rattus) and sympatric endangered rodents
Authors: Taillie Paul J. , Boone IV Wesley W. , Wilson-Seelig Alexandra L. , McCleery Robert
Published: July 2024

Black rats (Rattus rattus) are one of the most widespread invasive animals and have been implicated in the decline of species representing several wildlife taxa, particularly on islands. However, their impact on more closely related species, i.e. rodents, via competition is less well-understood. Using diet similarity as a metric of competition for food resources, we used stable isotopes to compare diets of two populations of black rats to diets of two endangered populations of rice rats (Oryzomys palustris natator and Oryzomys palustris sanibeli) in southern Florida, USA. Specifically, we analysed hair samples from 32 rice rats and 35 black rats for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. In addition, we analysed samples of 129 potential food items to characterise rodent diets using stable isotope mixing models. Despite considerable overlap in isotope-space, we observed differences between rice rats and black rats in the relative composition of plant and animal foods. Specifically, the diets of both populations of rice rats consisted of mostly animal foods, whereas the diets of black rats consisted mostly of plants. In combination with previous work revealing temporal niche partitioning, our results suggest competition between invasive black rats and endangered native rodents may be limited. As such, expensive and logistically complicated efforts to control black rats may have limited success for conserving endangered rodents.
Particle emission from irradiated VVER-1200 fuel with Am burnable absorber
Authors: Veretennikov Dmitriy G. , Ali Ahmed H. , Bedenko Sergey V.
Published: July 2024

For long-term and safe operation of the reactor, nuclear fuel is modified by doping with various homogeneous compounds and heterogeneous inclusions. Such modified fuel has demonstrated satisfactory performance when irradiated at elevated temperatures and high burnup. However, the issues of radiation safety when handling modified fuel remain less studied. Elements of low and medium atomic mass are often targets for (α, n) reactions, so their use as alloying additives, as well as the use of α-emitting additives, can complicate the radiation situation at the stages of the nuclear fuel cycle. In this work, the neutron components of the radiation characteristics of UO2 with Gd2O3 and AmO2 additives were analyzed. Americium has been investigated as a possible alternative to gadolinium. In fuel containing AmO2, the neutron yield is higher compared to Am-free fuel and is formed mainly by (α, n) reactions in AmO2 in fresh fuel and spontaneous fission of 244Cm nuclides in spent fuel. The research was carried out with the aim of developing procedures and regulations for handling new fuel during its manufacture and after irradiation in the reactor. This work contributes to the study of the neutronic and radiation characteristics of Am-containing fuel, which has the potential for use in modern reactors. Calculations were performed using verified computational codes SOURCES-4C and WIMS-D5B.
Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens
Authors: Manganelli Giuseppe , Benocci Andrea , Barbato Debora , Giusti Folco
Published: July 2024

Plant trade and exchange for horticulture, recreation or research play a significant role in the dispersal of molluscs. Alien slugs and snails accidentally introduced into Europe have established rich communities in several countries, but although these introductions could have ecological and economic implications, mollusc xenodiversity in Italian botanical gardens, plant nurseries, and greenhouses has never been investigated. Facilities throughout the country were therefore visited between 2017 and 2023. Here the list of the achatinoidean species so far recorded from Italian greenhouses is provided, giving a short description of their diagnostic characters. The greenhouses of Trento and Padua host interesting assemblages of achatinoideans: the results of this study include the first reports of four achatinids, namelyAllopeas clavulinum,Opeas hannense,Paropeas achatinaceumandSubulina octonafrom Italy and the first record ofGeostilbia apertafrom Europe. Reproductive anatomy of all species exceptGeostilbia apertais illustrated in detail, integrating anatomical knowledge of this group of tiny molluscs, some of which are known mainly from their shell characters. The systematics of all the species is discussed, highlighting topics for future research (e.g., status ofAllopeas mauritianum, real identity ofHelix hannense, anatomy ofOpeas hannense, species-level taxonomy ofSubulina, systematic relationships and species-level taxonomy ofGeostilbia).
Les Corporate Venture Capitalists au service de l’ambidextrie stratégique des grandes entreprises
Authors: Revol Marc , Houy Thomas , Fernandez Valérie , Olive Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Les grandes entreprises doivent désormais innover dans des environnements profondément incertains. Pour parvenir à tirer avantage de cette imprévisibilité notoire sur la plupart des marchés, elles doivent simultanément tenter d’explorer en allant à la quête de futures opportunités tout en continuant d’exploiter au mieux le modèle d’affaires qui leur confère leurs revenus actuels. Cette tension manifeste entre les trajectoires d’exploration et d’exploitation suivies par les grands groupes a déjà été largement débattue par la littérature académique. L’intérêt du présent article réside dans le fait de promouvoir l’idée originale selon laquelle les Corporate Venture Capitalists (CVC) peuvent être envisagés comme des instruments au service de l’ambidextrie stratégique des entreprises. En créant et en développant leurs propres fonds d’investissement, les grandes entreprises peuvent en effet réussir à prendre des options de différentes sortes sur le futur.
Accompagner le changement dans un établissement d’enseignement supérieur public : entre réponse immédiate à la crise et accélération des transformations pédagogiques
Authors: Chédotel Frédérique , Debski Nathalie , Bazsalicza Vanessa , Pantin François
Published: July 2024

Cette recherche porte sur la transformation des pratiques pédagogiques, avec pour objectif de comprendre comment la continuité pédagogique – pendant la pandémie de Covid-19 – a pu influencer cette transformation, au-delà d’une réponse immédiate à la crise. Elle s’appuie sur une littérature sur la transformation pédagogique et son accompagnement au prisme du modèle des préoccupations, et sur une enquête dans un établissement public d’enseignement supérieur. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle d’accélération de la crise, lorsque des modalités d’accompagnement dédiées sont mises en œuvre.
Les échanges transnationaux de films
Authors: Duval Julien
Published: July 2024

Cet article porte sur les échanges transnationaux des films. Il engage une démarche peu explorée à ce jour qui consiste à entreprendre de construire, empiriquement, à l’aide d’une analyse des correspondances multiples, un champ transnational. Si les films qui circulent au-delà de leurs frontières d’origines ne constituent qu’une part réduite de la production cinématographique mondiale, ils se distinguent d’abord par l’étroitesse ou l’étendue de la diffusion transnationale dont ils font l’objet, puis par la forme de cette diffusion selon que celle-ci est plus ou moins étroitement liée aux festivals internationaux ou aux marchés grand public. L’analyse établit ensuite l’importance de l’origine nationale des films dans leur carrière transnationale et fait apparaitre ce qu’a de suggestif mais aussi de simplificateur l’idée selon laquelle les flux transnationaux de films se réduiraient quasiment à des exportations depuis un centre étasunien vers des périphéries.
Coconcevoir la transition inclusive : la création d’objets frontières comme médiums « en absence » dans les communautés émergentes
Authors: Oger Pauline , Catoir-Brisson Marie-Julie
Published: July 2024

Cet article présente une analyse qualitative des pratiques d’une association œuvrant à la transition inclusive, qui a conçu un outil d’autodiagnostic collectif du niveau et des ambitions d’accessibilité et d’inclusivité des structures culturelles. L’analyse de ce médium en tant qu’objet frontière a permis de faire dialoguer ses modalités de conception et l’activité de médiation qu’il permet d’engager, vers le codesign d’une transition inclusive. L’article présente l’observation participante de sa conception, concomitante avec celle d’une communauté de pratique inclusive composée de publics, d’artistes et d’agents de structures culturelles, coconceptrice de l’outil. Menée selon les approches de la théorie ancrée revisitées par le design social, cette analyse qualitative nous amène à repenser les rôles des objets frontières et de la communauté : elle joue un rôle important dans la création de ces outils, qui la remodèlent à son tour. L’analyse nous permet de souligner comment de tels objets frontières en cours d’utilisation encapacitent la communauté et soutiennent la méthodologie de design de transition en permettant une représentation partagée, en aidant à envisager l’avenir, en mobilisant les communautés par l’action et en légitimant à la fois la transition vers l’inclusion et la méthodologie de design comme moyen d’y parvenir. Enfin, l’analyse questionne les besoins d’autonomie de la communauté : elle révèle qu’un tel outil ne peut fonctionner en absence de médiation humaine.
Vers un médium « problématisant » : le savoir d’expérience autistique comme praxis transformatrice en design
Authors: Ménard Manon
Published: July 2024

Cet article propose d’étudier les enjeux de la conception de médium pour des ateliers participatifs en design et au cours de ceux-ci auprès de personnes marginalisées. À partir d’études de terrain issues d’une recherche doctorale en design durant laquelle nous avons travaillé avec des étudiant·es autistes, nous proposons d’abord d’interroger la nature des médiums selon les formes de participation qu’ils produisent. Ne pouvant s’extraire des relations de savoir-pouvoir préexistant dans le cadre d’ateliers, ces formes de participation questionnent également la façon dont les médiums influencent la réception et l’expression du « savoir d’expérience » des personnes autistes. En soulignant certains angles morts relatifs aux médiums utilisés et conçus lors d’ateliers préparatoires d’un hackathon , nous proposons par la suite de nous appuyer sur le développement d’un projet en design participatif afin d’expliciter comment, en encourageant l’expression d’une praxis transformatrice, les médiums deviennent des supports problématisant les cadres d’un projet en design, porteurs de potentielles pratiques émancipatrices.
Algorithmes entre objets et médiums : étude des traces d’un matériau numérique
Authors: Depaz Pierre , Gaudillière-Jami Nadja
Published: July 2024

Cette contribution s’intéresse à la relation entre médium et objet à travers le prisme des algorithmes. Partant du constat de leur existence en tant qu’objets du design de la part des informaticiennes et programmeuses, avant de devenir médiums du design pour d’autres professions, nous présentons dans un premier temps les traces concrètes laissées par les algorithmes à différentes étapes du processus de conception, extraits de codes décrits sur des forums, représentés lors d’expositions, ou encore utilisés sous forme de bibliothèques. L’existence de ces traces nous permet alors de développer une compréhension de la conception d’algorithmes en tant qu’objets médiateurs. À travers une série d’exemples de logiciels où la limite entre moyen du design et produit du design s’estompe, nous mettons à jour une certaine matérialité de l’algorithme en tant qu’objet natif du numérique, avant de nous concentrer sur deux spécificités de la matière algorithmique qui facilitent son existence en tant que médium : récursion et relation. En conclusion, nous montrons que ces deux propriétés de récursion et de relation contribuent à faire disparaître la distinction entre objet et médium.
Vers une bonification de la réparation professionnelle et de l’autoréparation : l’expérience de deux personas propriétaires d’un réfrigérateur et d’un téléphone intelligent
Authors: Denoncourt Julie-Christine , Deshaies Jocelyn , Déméné Claudia , Raîche-Savoie Geneviève
Published: July 2024

La réparation des appareils électroménagers et électroniques (AEE) a fait l’objet de nombreuses études démontrant ses bénéfices environnementaux et financiers (ADEME, 2020 ; Proctor, 2023). Dans ce contexte, des mesures législatives, comme l’indice de réparabilité en France, et des initiatives citoyennes (comme les sites Web pour l’autoréparation) ont vu le jour pour encourager cette pratique. Malgré le fait qu’il s’agit d’une stratégie incontournable de l’économie circulaire, la réparation demeure peu utilisée (ADEME et Harris Interactive, 2020 ; Côté et Denoncourt, 2022). Afin de bonifier l’expérience de réparation, l’objectif de cet article est de documenter le processus de réparation professionnelle et d’autoréparation vécu par les propriétaires d’AEE défectueux. Dans cette perspective, deux personas, respectivement propriétaires d’un réfrigérateur et d’un téléphone intelligent, ont été conçus avec les résultats d’un sondage canadien réalisé en 2021 pour cerner les freins et leviers à la réparation. Cette étude met en lumière l’importance de rendre la réparation aussi accessible et facile que l’achat. Alors que les résultats révèlent des obstacles aux quatre étapes du processus de réparation, la perception d’irréparabilité des appareils par leurs propriétaires conduit à l’achat d’un nouveau bien plutôt qu’au diagnostic de l’AEE brisé. Pour favoriser la réparation, des mesures à destination de l’industrie et des autorités politiques sont proposées, comme l’offre d’un service de réparation et d’autoréparation sur les lieux d’achat, le prêt d’un appareil pendant la réparation et l’adoption d’un droit à la réparation.
Effect of Gabapentin on Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Chung Seok Won , Chung Seung Ho , Kim Dong-Hyun , Lee Hyun Joo , Park Eugene Jae Jin , Shim Bum-Jin , Kim Du Han , Yoon Jong Pil
Published: July 2024

Background:

Gabapentin is often used as an analgesic after rotator cuff repair surgery and is recommended as an additional analgesic for arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. However, evidence of its effects on biological healing mechanisms is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of gabapentin in improving tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair using a rat model.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 male rats were randomly allocated to one of two groups: group 1 (repair only, n=10) or group 2 (gabapentin injection, n=10). The rats in the experimental group (group 2) were administered 80 mg/kg of gabapentin subcutaneously 30 minutes before surgery, followed by 80 mg/kg subcutaneously every 24 hours for 48 hours. We used the left shoulder of every rat, while for biomechanical analysis, we used the right shoulder.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the load to failure, ultimate stress, or elongation between the groups. Collagen continuity, orientation, and density were better in group 2 than group 1.

Conclusion:

In a rat model of rotator cuff repair, gabapentin had a positive impact on the quality of collagen organization at the junction between the tendon and bone, while preserving the biomechanical properties. We propose the use of gabapentin as a supplementary analgesic agent for postoperative pain relief after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair; however, further studies of the effect of gabapentin on biological healing mechanisms are required. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(5):e241–e246.]
Effect of Insulin Dependence on Perioperative Risk in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Razaeian Sam , Zhang Dafang
Published: July 2024

Background:

Approximately 15% of patients who undergo total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) have diabetes mellitus, and this group is particularly at risk for perioperative complications. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of insulin dependence on the risk of 30-day perioperative adverse events after TSA in patients with diabetes mellitus using a large national database.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively identified patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent TSA in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2011 to 2020. Patients were grouped as having insulin-dependent or non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The primary outcome was 30-day complication, and secondary outcome variables included 30-day readmission, reoperation, and death. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline differences were performed. The cohort included 5888 patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent TSA, with 1705 patients in the insulin-dependent group and 4183 patients in the non–insulin-dependent group.

Results:

The 30-day postoperative complication rate was higher in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (8.7%) than in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (5.6%). The 30-day hospital readmission rate was higher in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (4.8%) than in patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (3.3%). These significant differences in complication and readmission rates persisted in the multivariable logistic regression analyses after adjusting for baseline differences between the two groups. Reoperation and death were not associated with insulin dependence.

Conclusion:

Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have higher odds of episode-of-care complication and readmission compared with patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, even after adjusting for between-group baseline differences. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(5):295–300.]
Hopf bifurcation for a class of predator-prey system with small immigration
Authors: Lima Maurıicio F. S. , Llibre Jaume
Published: July 2024

The subject of this paper concerns with the bifurcation of limit cycles for a predator-prey model with small immigration. Since, in general, the biological systems are not isolated, taking into account immigration in the model becomes more realistic. In this context, we deal with a model with a Holling type Ⅰ function response and study, using averaging theory of second order, the Hopf bifurcation that can emerge under small perturbation of the biological parameters.
Asymptotic behavior and blow-up of solutions for a nonlocal parabolic equation with a special diffusion process
Authors: Zhao Yaxin , Wu Xiulan
Published: July 2024

This paper considers a class of higher-order nonlocal parabolic equations with special coefficient. We apply the Faedo-Galerkin approximation method and cut-off technique to obtain the local solvability. Furthermore, based on the framework of the modified potential well, we get the global existence, asymptotic behavior, and blow-up of the weak solutions by the Hardy-Sobolev inequality when the initial energy is subcritical $ J(u_0) < d $. In the critical case of $ J(u_0) = d $, the above results have also been obtained. Finally, we utilize some new processing methods to gain the blow-up criterion in finite time with supercritical initial energy $ J(u_0) > 0 $.
Les Mayas sur les rails de la 4T : une infrastructure publique pour un développement régional
Authors: Prelorenzo Diana A.
Published: July 2024

La quatrième transformation promue par Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) se focalise sur la construction de diverses infrastructures qui visent stimuler le développement régional. Le Train Maya fait ainsi partie des projets emblématiques qui illustrent cette vision transformatrice. Si la construction de cette infrastructure publique a pour objectif de promouvoir le développement régional à travers la génération d’emplois, la stimulation du tourisme ou la réorganisation territoriale, elle se heurte également à des défis économiques, sociaux, juridiques et environnementaux à l’égard des communautés locales. Cet article analyse les enjeux du projet du Train Maya dans le but de caractériser le développement impulsé par la 4T. Les incohérences entre le discours du gouvernement et les pratiques associées à sa construction sont pertinentes pour réfléchir sur la 4T et les implications dans différentes dimensions de la politique de développement du Mexique.
A consciência infeliz hegeliana em Jean Wahl e Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Prado Rodrigues Gabriel
Published: July 2024

O objetivo do presente texto é explanar e correlacionar duas interpretações do conceito de consciência infeliz [conscience malhereuse], desenvolvido por Hegel na Phänomenologie des Geistes: a de Jean Wahl, introduzida em Le malheur de la conscience dans la philosophie de Hegel, de 1929; e a de Gilles Deleuze, apresentada em Nietzsche et la philosophie, de 1962. Antes de tudo, expomos a interpretação de Wahl, que, marcada pela defesa da centralidade da noção de consciência infeliz no interior da obra hegeliana, foi determinante para a recepção de Hegel na filosofia francesa do século XX, antes das célebres palestras de Kojève. A seguir, descrevemos de que maneira Deleuze, em Nietzsche et la philosophie, articula uma leitura crítica do hegelianismo, em que também subscreve à centralidade da consciência infeliz, mas associando-a, à sua maneira, ao conceito nietzschiano de má consciência, a ser também tipificado. Por fim, relacionamos as duas leituras apresentadas, o que deve elucidar a maneira pela qual Deleuze retoma as concepções de Wahl no contexto de sua própria crítica a Hegel como, segundo a caracterização deleuziana, filósofo da representação e do ressentimento.
Means and Tools of Bibliotherapy
Authors: Lalos Christos
Published: July 2024

The burgeoning intersection of bibliotherapy and technology presents a dynamic frontier for mental health intervention and personal development. This chapter explores the evolving means and tools within bibliotherapy, emphasizing the integral role of technology in enhancing its accessibility, efficacy, and range. The authors delve into the foundations of bibliotherapy as a therapeutic modality, employing literature for emotional and psychological healing, and transition to a comprehensive examination of contemporary technological advancements that have transformed traditional practices. Key focal areas include digital platforms for literature access, such as e-books and audiobooks; online bibliotherapy sessions facilitated by professionals; and the utilization of algorithms for personalized reading recommendations based on psychological profiles. The chapter also highlights the importance of interactive applications that combine cognitive-behavioral techniques with literary exposure, offering users a multifaceted therapeutic tool.
A Block-Wised and Sparsely-Connected ANN for the Prediction of Human Joint Moment Based on the Improved Hill Musculoskeletal Model
Authors: Xiong Baoping , Zeng Hui , Gan Zhenhua , Xu Yong
Published: July 2024

Human joint moment plays an important role in rehabilitation assessment and human-robot interaction, which cannot be measured directly but can only be predicted via indirect measurement by an artificial neural network (ANN). However, most existing ANN models for human joint moment prediction use fully-connected network which has complex structure and no inclusion of domain knowledge. Thus, this study introduced a novel block-wised and sparsely-connected ANN model (BSANN) for human joint moment prediction, which significantly reduced the computational and storage costs. In this BSANN model, by using an improved Hill musculoskeletal (HMS) model, a single-output fully-connected network was established as a block to take each electromyograph (EMG) signal for the prediction of the muscle moment, and all muscle moments were connected together as inputs to obtain the joint moment. Compared to the ANN, our BSANN model decreased 80.7% connections and keeps good prediction accuracy. It provides embedded portable systems a powerful tool to predict joint moment.
Bioinformatics and Machine Learning-Based Screening of Key Genes in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Hou Meng Ting , Bao Juan , Zheng Shu Xiong , Li Si Tong , Li Xi Yu
Published: July 2024

Objective To provide theoretical support for the study of AD pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Methods The AD data were downloaded from the GEO database for differential expression analysis to obtain DEGs, followed by enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG signalling pathways, construction of machine learning models to screen key genes, and construction of risk prediction models and prediction of transcription factors based on key genes. In addition, consistent clustering analysis was performed on AD samples. Results Seven key genes were finally screened in this study, and the risk prediction model constructed on the basis of these seven genes had an AUC of 0.877. Cluster analysis classified the AD samples into two subtypes, and there was also a significant difference in immune infiltration between the two subtypes. Conclusion This study provides new perspectives and potential therapeutic targets for exploring the potential mechanisms by which mitochondrial autophagy affects AD, as well as providing directions for individualised treatment of AD.
Towards People-Centered Street Designing: Design Proposal for Piliyandala Town Center
Authors: Abeygunawardana Githmi , De Silva Chathura
Published: July 2024

People (user)-centered street design and walkability are essential requirements for creating thriving, inclusive cities that prioritize local vibrance and comfort of users. Drawing inspiration from global best practices and urban design principles, the project aims to enhance walkability, promote social interaction, support the local economy, and revitalize land uses. This article presents a comprehensive design proposal for transforming the Piliyandala town center into a vibrant pedestrian street, addressing pressing issues such as a lack of sense of place and limited pedestrian space. Further, the discussion of the participatory was adapted in formulating the project proposal. The paper could be a useful resource to inspire local-level planners, particularly in small towns, on how to enhance the quality and integrate walkability with other modes of mobility.
Editorial
Authors: Munasinghe Jagath
Published: July 2024

No abstract available
Serial Murderers In Japan (1882-2017): A Narrative Analysis
Authors: Kantha Sachi Sri
Published: July 2024

A retrospective narrative analysis of 61 serial murder-ers (a few, belonging to health care profession, such as physicians, midwives and paramedic) in Japan was attempted. Materials available in the online databases including Wikipedia entries on individual criminals were studied. Among the studied total of 61 serial murderers covering the time span from 1882 to 2017, 59 were convicted and 2 were non-convicted. All five categories of Deitz typology of serial murderers were represented among the convicted sample. These include, psychopathic sex-ual sadists (e.g: Ryuun Daimai, Yoshio Kodaira, Genzo Kurita, Kiyoshi Okubo, Takahiro Shiraishi), crime spree killers (e.g: Kanae Kijima, Chisako Kakehi), custodial killers (e.g: Shige Sakakura, Miyuki Ishikawa and Hayato Imai), psychotic, religious-cult killers (e.g: Sachiko Eto, Shoko Asahara and his 12 collaborators) and organized crime functionaries (e.g: Satoru Nomu-ra). Tomomasa Nakagawa, personal doctor of the Aum Shinrikyo Buddhist religious-cult leader Shoko Asakara, may hold a record for a scientist on death row to publish a paper in a peer-reviewed journal.Limitations of this study include, (1) omission of the methods of killing used by the murderers from analysis (2) total reliance on media reports for information, in preference to voluminous records of Japanese court cases. Despite these limitations, details presented in this analysis of 59 convicted and 2 non-convicted se-rial murderers in 45 court cases held in Japan may be useful for comparative studies in forensic science and law enforcement.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography; A Single Tertiary Care Centre Experience from Northern Sri Lanka
Authors: Gobishangar S. , Charles J. C. , Shathana P.
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography’s safety, efficacy and outcomes in a single tertiary care centre. This retrospective analysis used data from clinical records of patients who underwent ERCP from 2019 to 2022 at Teaching Hospital Jaffna. Demographic and historical characteristics, indications, and data related to cannulation, interventions, procedural difficulties, and complications were extracted from BHT. The mean age of participants was 57.99 ± 15.33 (23 – 90 years). 52 (49.1%) were males. 54 (50.9%) were females. The procedural success rate was 95.3% (101/106). All procedures were carried out under sedation or general anaesthesia. Common indications for ERCP were bili-ary stones (76.4%, n=81) and neoplasms involving the biliary tract and pancreas (19.8%). Standard sphinc-terotomy was performed in the majority of patients (97.2%). Successful retrieval of stones was achieved in 67 (82.7%) patients, predominantly using the balloon extraction method. Duct dilatation and stenting were performed on patients with neoplasm and stricture. The primary procedural difficulty encountered was difficult cannulation. 89.6% of patients did not experience any post-procedural complications, and the ten patients who did develop complications were successfully managed. Procedural mortality of ERCP was 0.9% (n=1).ERCP can be effectively and safely performed at cen-ters with low procedural volumes in well-experienced hands.