bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo da coagulação em um caso de hepatite de lábrea
Authors: Paiva Mércia Cardoso de , Prata Aluízio , Moura Rômulo César Saboia , Pinto Aymoré Vaz , Santos Fernando
Published: June 2013

Um caso de hepatite de Lábrea nos possibilitou um estudo do comportamento dos fatores da coagulação nessa doença. O objetivo principal foi estudar a coagulação do sangue, visando: 1. conhecer os níveis dos fatores da coagulação na Febre Negra; 2. contribuir para o melhor conhecimento da doença, principalmente no que se refere às manifestações de hemorragia; 3. tentar correlacionar a gravidade do quadro clínico e prognóstico à intensidade das alterações dos fatores da coagulação. Os resultados evidenciaram uma alteração acentuada da crase sangüínea, sugerindo que, além do quadro infeccioso, o paciente desenvolveu, igualmente, uma síndrome de coagulação intravascular disseminada.
Contribuição da presença do eosinofilo no escarro ao diagnóstico das alterações pulmonares pós-tratamento na esquistossomose mansoni humana crônica: estudo duplo-cego
Authors: Pedroso Ênio Roberto Pietra , Lambertucci José Roberto , Rocha Manoel Otávio Costa , Greco Dirceu Bartolomeu , Raso Pedro , Ferreira Cid Sérgio , Lima Davidson Pires de
Published: June 2013

Em estudo duplo-cego observou-se que as alterações radiológicaspulmonares após tratamento com oxamniquine de pacientes com esquistossomose mansoni crônica associam-se com a presença de eosinófilos no escarro (p
Parasitemia constante durante 24 horas consecutivas na infecção experimental pelo Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Sherlock Ítalo A.
Published: June 2013

Observou-se aparasitemia horária do Trypanosoma cruzi através de hemoscopias e de xenodiagnósticos horários, em camundongos na fase aguda da infecção e em cobaias e camundongos na fase crônica. O número de T. cruzi no sangue e o número de triatomíneos positivos por xenodiagnósticos foi freqüente e variável mas não foi cíclico durante as 24 horas do dia. A qualquer hora, tanto na fase aguda como na crônica, o T. cruzi pôde ser detectado através hemoscopias e xenos. Não foi constatado um ritmo circadiano para o T. cruzi.
Human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia - Brazil: an area of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis transmission. I. Laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Cuba César C. , Llanos-Cuentas Elmer A. , Barreto Air C. , Magalhães Albino V. , Lago Edinaldo L. , Reed Steven G. , Marsden Philip D.
Published: June 2013

Leishmanial parasites were detected in 71.2% of patients with cutaneous disease and 48% of patients with mucosal disease, using principally scanning of imprints mears and histological sections and hamster inoculation. Parasites were more frequent in early cutaneous lesions (p < 0.005) o fless than two month duration. Also they were more common in multiple than single mucosal lesions (p < 0.02) in spite of considerable prior glucan time therapy in the former group. 93% of cutaneous lesions had a positive leishmanin skin test and most of the negatives occurred in patients with lesions of less than one month duration. 97% of patients with single mucosal lesion and 79% with multiple mucosal lesions had a positive skin test. 86% of cutaneous disease and 90% of mucosal disease was associated with a positive indirect immunofluorescent antibody test at a ≥ 1/20 dilution. In both groups multiple lesions were associated with higher titres and titres were significantly higher in patients with mucosal disease compared with cutaneous disease (p < 0.01).
Human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Três Braços, Bahia - Brazil: an area of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis transmission. II. Cutaneous disease. Presentation and evolution
Authors: Llanos-Cuentas Elmer A. , Marsden Philip D. , Lago Edinaldo L. , Barreto Air C. , Cuba César C. , Johnson Warren D.
Published: June 2013

The clinical records of 182 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis probably due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis are analysed. 68% had a single lesion which was usually an ulceron the lower anterior tibial third. Many had short histories of one to two months and all age groups were represented 13% had closed lesions of a verrucose or plaque like nature. Evolution of these skin lesions after treatment was related to the regularity of antimony therapy. Although healing usually occurred in three months, the time to scarring after commencing treatment was variable and related to the size ofthe lesion (p < 0.01). Usually if sufficient antimony treatment was given the lesion closed. Seven of the ten patients with initially negative leishmanin skin tests converted to positive after treatment. A significant decline of indirect fluorescent antibody titres occurred in patients followed, during and after therapy.
Patogenia da leishmaniose cutânea experimental: a importância da necrose na eliminação dos parasitos das lesões
Authors: Andrade Zilton A. , Reed Steven G. , Roters Silene B. , Sadigursky Moysés
Published: June 2013

Um estudo histopatológico e ultraestrutural das lesões da leishmaniose cutânea causada pela Leishmania mexicana amazonensis em duas cepas isogênicas de camundongo, uma susceptível (Balb/c) e outra resistente (A/J), demonstrou que os amastigotas ficavam bem preservados nos vacúolos parasitóforos dos macrófagos, igualmente em ambas as cepas. A reação de imunofluorescência revelou antigenos parasitários no interior e na membrana dos macrófagos de maneira idêntica para ambas as cepas. A diferença ocorria quando os macrófagos apareciam destruídos e as leishmanias ficavam livres ou fagocitadas por polimorfonucleares, neutrófilos e eosinófilos. Estes parasitos exibiam então graus variáveis de nítidas alterações degenerativas. No camundongo resistence, a necrose, de tipo caseoso ou fibrinóide, era mais disseminada e mais freqüente que no animal susceptível. Os achados observados indicaram que as leishmanias não são destruídas no interior dos macrófagos e sim fora deles, especialmente quando fagocitadas por leucócitos polimorfonucleares. A necrose apareceu como o mecanismo mais saliente através do qual o hospedeiro elimina os parasitos das lesões, sendo a mesma um aspecto importante da reação de hipersensibilidade tardia que ocorre nos animais resistentes.
A field study of proteinuria in individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Bina José Carlos , Andrade Zilton A. , Dietze Reynaldo , Prata Aluízio
Published: June 2013

Proteinuria was detected in 24.7% of 89 individuals with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and in only 4.6% of 86 subjects with mild hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis, all of them living in comparable conditions in two endemic areas in Bahia, Brazil. From nine individuals who hadproteinuria over30 mg/100ml, eight had hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. These findings maybe related to the presence of schistosomal nephropathy and reveal the significance of this condition in thefield in endemic areas of schistosomiasis.
Democracia participativa e processo decisório de políticas públicas: a influência da campanha contra a Alca
Authors: Silva Suylan de Almeida Midlej e
Published: June 2013

Este artigo analisa a influência da Campanha Nacional contra a Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA), realizada de 2002 a 2006, no processo decisório do acordo da Alca. Discute-se a relação entre democracia participativa e movimentos sociais contemporâneos, a exemplo do Movimento por uma Nova Globalização, e reflete-se sobre participação social nas políticas públicas. Os resultados apontam que as ações da Campanha não influenciaram diretamente no desfecho do acordo, mas demonstram que houve intensa participação social nas instâncias decisórias de negociação da Alca, experiência antes inexistente no tocante à política externa brasileira. Para esta pesquisa, foram realizadas 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas e sete grupos focais, com 44 participantes, perfazendo um total de 61 entrevistados.
Princípios organizadores das representações de rural e cidade
Authors: Bonomo Mariana , Souza Lídio de , Melotti Giannino , Palmonari Augusto
Published: June 2013

O estudo foi desenvolvido com o propósito de conhecer os princípios que organizam as tomadas de posição de integrantes de um grupo rural em frente às representações de rural e cidade, a partir da análise dos processos de ancoragem psicológica, social e psicossocial. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 200 integrantes de uma comunidade rural, distribuídos em quatro gerações. O roteiro foi composto por questões que focalizavam: (1) dados sociodemográficos referentes ao sexo, idade, geração e se o participante já havia vivido em áreas urbanas; (2) experiência de preconceito, expectativa de vida na cidade para não migrados e recomendação para viver na cidade pelos participantes que já tinham vivido em território urbano; (3) valores sociais do rural; e (4) evocações livres associadas aos objetos de representação. Os resultados, sistematizados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo e processados por meio do software SPAD-T, indicaram a presença de três princípios organizadores dos significados vinculados aos objetos rural vs. cidade: mundo natural vs. mundo artificial, vida feliz vs. vida ruim e quase autossuficiente vs. centro dos recursos. As discussões focalizaram as funções das representações nos processos de elaboração da identidade social, destacando-se entre elas a de produzir equilíbrio e sustentar a defesa do espaço de pertencimento.
Novos projetos de cidadania biológica: a (re)construção racial dos selves neuroquímicos
Authors: Rotondaro Tatiana
Published: June 2013

Este texto tem por objetivo problematizar criticamente as consequências trazidas por uma tentativa discursiva de suplantar a subjetividade humana através da afirmação de uma "individualidade somática", interpretada por perfis genéticos. Essa concepção de indivíduo, juntamente com a influência exercida pela indústria farmacêutica, nos colocaria, segundo Nikolas Rose, diante da emergência de um suposto self neuroquímico, que se expressa numa crescente medicalização da sociedade e acaba por reforçar projetos de 'cidadania biológica'. Tomando como exemplo a discussão em torno da possibilidade de medicalização da raça, encaminho essas reflexões descrevendo o caso do remédio BiDil. Finalmente, abordo brevemente como essa "cidadania biológica" de mercado, num contexto neoliberal, impacta sobre os indivíduos e as coletividades, ou seja, como se rearticulam a tensão de, por um lado, sermos constantemente chamados a nos responsabilizar pelo cuidado de nós mesmos, e por outro, sermos, ao mesmo tempo, compreendidos como arranjos aleatórios de configurações físico-químicas.
Pesquisa-ação: proposição metodológica para o planejamento das ações nos serviços de atenção primária no contexto da saúde ambiental e da saúde do trabalhador
Authors: Pessoa Vanira Matos , Rigotto Raquel Maria , Arruda Carlos André Moura , Machado Maria de Fátima Antero Sousa , Machado Márcia Maria Tavares , Bezerra Maria das Graças Viana
Published: June 2013

O Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil propõe a operacionalização de ações de saúde ambiental e do trabalhador, com vistas a abordar a complexidade do processo saúde-doença nos territórios. Objetiva-se apresentar a pesquisa-ação como um percurso metodológico, facilitador da análise das complexas tramas do desenvolvimento econômico e as implicações no trabalho, ambiente e saúde, em comunidades do Nordeste brasileiro. A pesquisa-ação foi concebida com um grupo de 14 sujeitos e foi conduzida no formato de oficinas. Na feitura da pesquisa fluíram vínculos e elaboração de proposições, a partir da reflexão-teorização-ação dos sujeitos. Destaca-se que o método apresenta um potencial para desnudar problemas complexos relacionados à saúde ambiental e do trabalhador, pois favorece a interação humana integrada ao lugar em que vive.
Measurements of CO2 exchange over a woodland savanna (Cerrado Sensu stricto) in southeast Brasil
Authors: Rocha Humberto R. da , Freitas Helber C. , Rosolem Rafael , Juárez Robinson I.N. , Tannus Rafael N. , Ligo Marcos A. , Cabral Osvaldo M. R. , Dias Maria A.F. Silva
Published: June 2013

The technique of eddy correlation was used to measure the net ecosystem exchange over a woodland savanna (Cerrado Sensu stricto) site (Gleba Pé de Gigante) in southeast Brazil. The data set included measurements of climatological variables and soil respiration using static soil chambers. Data were collected during the period from 10 October 2000 to 30 March 2002. Measured soil respiration showed average values of 4.8 molCO2 m-2s-1 year round. Its seasonal differences varied from 2 to 8 molCO2 m-2s-1 (Q10 = 4.9) during the dry (April to August) and wet season, respectively, and was concurrent with soil temperature and moisture variability. The net ecosystem CO2 flux (NEE) variability is controlled by solar radiation, temperature and air humidity on diel course. Seasonally, soil moisture plays a strong role by inducing litterfall, reducing canopy photosynthetic activity and soil respiration. The net sign of NEE is negative (sink) in the wet season and early dry season, with rates around -25 kgC ha-1day-1, and values as low as 40 kgC ha-1day-1. NEE was positive (source) during most of the dry season, and changed into negative at the onset of rainy season. At critical times of soil moisture stress during the late dry season, the ecosystem experienced photosynthesis during daytime, although the net sign is positive (emission). Concurrent with dry season, the values appeared progressively positive from 5 to as much as 50 kgC ha-1day-1. The annual NEE sum appeared to be nearly in balance, or more exactly a small sink, equal to 0.1 0.3 tC ha-1yr-1, which we regard possibly as a realistic one, giving the constraining conditions imposed to the turbulent flux calculation, and favourable hypothesis of succession stages, climatic variability and CO2 fertilization.
Checklist of the Cnidaria Medusozoa of Brazil
Authors: Migotto Alvaro E. , Marques Antonio C. , Morandini André C. , Silveira Fábio L. da
Published: June 2013

Literature records were reviewed to compile a list of species of the marine taxa of Cnidaria Medusozoa recorded for the Brazilian coast. The total number of species of medusozoans so far recorded for Brazil is 373: 347 Hydrozoa, 3 Cubozoa: 23 Scyphozoa.
Feeding ecology of the maned wolf, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Mammalia: Canidae), in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Bueno Adriana de Arruda , Belentani Sonia Cristina da Silva , Motta-Junior José Carlos
Published: June 2013

The feeding ecology of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) was studied from 1998 to 2002 in the Ecological Station of Itirapina, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, including estimates of prey number and biomass consumption. A total of 325 faecal samples was collected in the area. The species is omnivorous, with a broad diet including 68 species or morphospecies of fruits and animals. Armadillos (Dasypodidae), wolf's fruit (Solanum lycocarpum) and small mammals (mostly Clyomys bishopi) were the bulk of the diet, comprising 72.8 % of the total estimated biomass consumed (185,323.4 g). In terms of frequency of occurrence, on the other hand, only small mammals and other miscella-neous fruits yielded 43.4 % of the total occurrences (N = 1,054). Animal prey ranging from 0.01 and 0.1 Kg were the most captured category, resulting in 44.2 % of 507 captured animals. The maned wolf seems to be seasonally opportunistic, at least for fruits and insects, as indicated by the variation of the consumption of these items along the year. The higher consumption of fruits and animals characteristic of savannah can be an important factor to consider in future management plans for the species.
On the occurrence of scyphozoan ephyrae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae) in the southeastern Brazilian coast
Authors: Tronolone Valquiria Baddini , Morandini André Carrara , Migotto Alvaro Esteves
Published: June 2013

The occurrence of ephyrae of the scyphozoan orders Semaeostomeae and Rhizostomeae is reported for the first time for the Brazilian coast. The specimens, caught in plankton tows in the São Sebastião Channel and the Cananéia lagoon estuarine system, are: Chrysaora lactea (Semaeostomeae), Phyllorhiza punctata (Rhizostomeae), and an unidentified species of Pelagia (Semaeostomeae). A table with all species of scyphozoan with the known life cycle is provided.
Experiments in nature and laboratory observations with Nausithoe aurea (Scyphozoa: Coronatae) support the concept of perennation by tissue saving and confirm dormancy
Authors: Silveira Fábio Lang da , Jarms Gerhard , Morandini André Carrara
Published: June 2013

Stephanocyphistomae of Nausithoe aurea from São Paulo State, Brazil (in subtropical western South Atlantic wa-ters), were relocated with their substrata in nature to study their survivorship under control and and experimental series - i.e. the polyps in the original orientation and inverted, and in each series exposed and buried polyps. We found that N. aurea survives over 13 months in nature, between 1/3 - 1/4 of 268 stephanoscyphistomae as normal feeding polyps, by segmentation produces planuloids and rejuvenates the polyps - an additional explanation for clustering of the solitary stephanocyphistomae. Dormant living tissues within the periderm of the tube were considered resting stages. The results support the concept that coronates in general have the capacity to save all living tissue and transform it to the energy saving sessile stage - the perennial polyp.
Chave ilustrada para identificação dos camarões dendrobranchiata do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Costa Rogério Caetano da , Fransozo Adilson , Melo Gustavo Augusto Schmidt , Freire Fúlvio Aurélio de Morais
Published: June 2013

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a elaboração de uma chave de identificação ilustrada para diferenciar as espécies de camarões marinhos Dendrobranchiata, com ocorrência no litoral do Estado de São Paulo até a profundidade de 40m. As 13 espécies apresentadas neste trabalho foram obtidas mediante coletas mensais durante os anos de 1995 a 2000 na região de Ubatuba, SP . Nesta chave estão incluídas as espécies de interesse econômico, como os peneídeos Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, F. paulensis, Litopenaeus schmitti, Artemesia longinaris e o solenocerídeo Pleoticus muelleri. Além destas espécies, também foram adicionados os camarões que não são alvos das frotas pesqueiras, entre eles, Rimapenaeus constrictus, Acetes americanus, Peisos petrunkevitchi e os sicionídeos Sicyonia dorsalis, S. typica, S. laevigata e S. parri. A chave proposta servirá como uma ferramenta no auxílio da identificação dos camarões Dendrobranchiata, quer seja por pesquisadores ligados à área científica, como também por pessoas relacionadas aos órgãos responsáveis pelo controle da pesca, principalmente, na época do defeso.
Uso e conservação da ictiofauna no ecoturismo da região de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul: o mito da sustentabilidade ecológica no Rio baía bonita (aquário natural de Bonito)
Authors: Sabino José , Andrade Luciana Paes de
Published: June 2013

A região de Bonito, Mato Grosso do Sul, desponta no Brasil como referência nacional de exemplo de práticas corretas no ecoturismo. Apesar de avanços na operação, um estudo de três anos de monitoramento ambiental do Rio Baía Bonita indica perdas de parcela de biodiversidade, muito provavelmente decorrente do excesso de visitação. Propostas de manejo e de turismo de mínimo impacto, com cuidadoso protocolo de operação e redução da capacidade de carga, foram rejeitadas pela empresa responsável pela operação no local. Este evento indica que, infelizmente, ainda há uma enorme lacuna entre o suporte que a Biologia da Conservação poderia dar à operação turística. O modelo de atividade turística desenvolvido pelos empresários é balizado essencialmente por parâmetros econômicos em detrimento dos ambientais, que não passam da retórica. A delicadeza e unicidade de ambientes como o do “Aquário Natural”, contudo, requer aportes científicos para a efetiva conservação da fauna e da sustentabilidade ambiental no longo prazo.
Synopsis of knowledge on Cnidaria Medusozoa from Brazil
Authors: Marques Antonio C. , Morandini André C. , Migotto Alvaro E.
Published: June 2013

A synopsis of knowledge concerning Medusozoa (Cnidaria) along the Brazilian coast is presented. We generated a data list with all records of medusozoans from Brazil, including information on the distribution of the species and the phase (polyp or medusa) recorded. Currently the number of species of Medusozoa recorded from Brazil is 377 (205 genera and 82 families), with 348 species of hydrozoans, 22 scyphozoans, 3 cubozoans and 1 staurozoan. Geographical and historical analyses were carried out based on the data list. The geographical analysis reveals that knowledge on biodiversity of the group is most inadequate for the North and part of the Northeastern coast. Although the Southeastern coast is the best known region in number of species and representative suprageneric taxa recorded, in general there is a lack of knowledge of the fauna in other than shallow waters, a pattern also observed for all other regions. Historically, the rapid increase of records on hydrozoans began in the 1940s and accelerated during the last decade. Investigations on coronates are all concentrated in the last decade but, in general, other groups show slow and gradual accumulation of species records. Guidelines and policies for the study of medusozoan biodiversity are suggested.
Redescrição de Paralappida limbativentris (Stål, 1862) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Authors: Baptista Marcelo da Silva
Published: June 2013

Redescrição de Paralappida limbativentris (Stål, 1862) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae). Paralappida limbativentris (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae) é redescrita com base em exemplares provenientes dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de Minas Gerais, Região Sudeste do Brasil. Características da cabeça, asas e pernas são descritas e ilustradas. As genitálias do macho e da fêmea são descritas e ilustradas pela primeira vez.
Estrutura e composição da ictiofauna de riachos da bacia do Rio Grande no estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Castro Ricardo M. C. , Casatti Lilian , Santos Hertz F. , Melo Alex L. A. , Martins Luiz S. F. , Ferreira Katiane M. , Gibran Fernando Z. , Benine Ricardo C. , Carvalho Murilo , Ribeiro Alexandre C. , Abreu Tatiana X. , Bockmann Flávio A. , Pelição Gabriela Z. , Stopiglia Renata , Langeani Francisco
Published: June 2013

O ponto médio de cada trecho foi georreferenciado via satélite com receptor GPS e o uso de metodologia padronizada de coleta de dados ambientais e peixes (baseada principalmente na pesca elétrica), possibilitou a obtenção das seguintes informações em cada local: 1) composição taxonômica da ictiofauna e contribuição, em termos de número de indivíduos e biomassa, de cada espécie para a ictiofauna local como um todo; 2) documentação fotográfica de espécimes representativos de cada espécie coletada com sua coloração natural; 3) descrição de cada ambiente coletado, com ilustrações fotográficas coloridas, e seus principais parâmetros bióticos e abióticos. No total foram coletados 3.070 exemplares, pertencentes a seis ordens, 18 famílias, 44 gêneros e 64 espécies, com biomassa total de 14,3 kg. Das espécies coletadas, aproximadamente 50% pertencem a ordem Characiformes, 26,5% a Siluriformes, 11% a Perciformes, 6% a Gymnotiformes, 5% a Cyprinodontiformes e 1,5% a Synbranchiformes. As espécies mais abundantes em termos de número de indivíduos foram Astyanax altiparanae (17,4%) e Hypostomus ancistroides (9%); aquelas com maior biomassa foram A. altiparanae (35%) e Geophagus brasiliensis (9%). Em termos de abundância e biomassa por família, a composição da fauna de peixes estudada indica a predominância expressiva de Characidae, seguida por Loricariidae e Cichlidae. Dentre os trechos amostrados, o trecho SG6 (26 espécies) e o PG4 (três espécies), apresentaram a maior e a menor riqueza em espécies, respectivamente, coincidindo com os valores obtidos para o índice de diversidade específica de Shannon-Wiener (H'= 1,08 e 0,26, respectivamente). A riqueza média encontrada foi de 12 espécies por trecho de riacho. Na estimativa de riqueza por extrapolação para o conjunto total de riachos amostrados na bacia do Rio Grande, obtivemos um valor de 93 espécies (erro padrão igual a três) indicando ser necessário um esforço amostral adicional moderado para atingir a assíntota da curva. Das 64 espécies coletadas, quatro (aproximadamente 6% do total) são seguramente novas, sete (aproximadamente 11% do total) possuem status taxonômico ainda indefinido, enquanto outras duas (aproximadamente 3% do total) são espécies certamente introduzidas. Analisando a estrutura trófica e espacial da ictiofauna estudada as 10 espécies numericamente dominantes nos riachos amostrados dividem-se, com base em dados de literatura, em ordem decrescente de importância numérica, em cinco guildas: onívoros nectônicos; invertívoros bentônicos; perifitívoros; algívoros e onívoros bentônicos. Uma chave de identificação para todas as espécies de peixes coletadas durante este estudo é fornecida ao final deste trabalho.
New distribution and species records of Trichoptera from Southern and Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Blahnik Roger J. , Paprocki Henrique , Holzenthal Ralph W.
Published: June 2013

We provide here a list of new species records of Trichoptera (Insecta) collected in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. We report 21 new distribution records for the country of Brazil. We also provide new distribution records for 92 species of Trichoptera for the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Santa Catarina.
Registros novos de ocorrência de seis espécies de Simuliidae (Diptera) para o estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Azevedo Leonardo H. Gil , Herzog Marilza Maia
Published: June 2013

Foram encontradas seis novas ocorrências de Simuliidae para o estado do Rio de Janeiro: Simulium (Chirostilbia) empascae, S. (C.) subpallidum, S. (Hemicetha) brachycladum, S. (Inaequalium) inaequale, S. (Psaroniocompsa) auripellitum e S. (Trichodagmia) nigrimanum.
A exploração da fauna silvestre no Brasil: Jacarés, sistemas e recursos humanos
Authors: Verdade Luciano M.
Published: June 2013

A conservação da vida silvestre normalmente necessita de estudos caso a caso porque a população - e não a espécie - deve ser na maioria das vezes a unidade do manejo. No Brasil, a falta de uma categoria profissional específica, como a dos wildlife biologists norte-americanos, dificulta a implantação de programas de conservação e manejo de vida silvestre. O preconceito contra o uso da fauna como recurso natural renovável, o abuso da criação em cativeiro e a noção de que o país não é capaz de implantar com sucesso um programa de fiscalização eficaz impedem a implantação de sistemas biologicamente sustentáveis, economicamente viáveis e socialmente justificáveis de uso da fauna silvestre. Isto só poderá mudar através da formação adequada de recursos humanos, da descentralização da pesquisa e do uso da infraestrutura já existente de extensão para a implantação de um Serviço de Fauna. No presente artigo, fatores normalmente relacionados ao sucesso de programas de uso econômico da fauna silvestre são apresentados e exemplos reais envolvendo crocodilianos são discutidos.
Occurence of oligochaeta living on larvae of odonata from ipeúna (São Paulo state, Brazil)
Authors: Corbi Juliano José , Jancso Mário A. , Strixino Susana Trivinho- , Fragoso Evelise N.
Published: June 2013

The occurrence of oligochaetes species living on larvae of Odonata is reported for the first time. There were found Nais variabilis (Piguet, 1906) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) and Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828) (Oligochaeta: Naididae) living on Elasmothemis cannacrioides (Calvert, 1906) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) and on Mnesarete (Cowley, 1934) (Zygoptera: Calopterygidae).
Avaliação físico-química e sensorial de fermentado de acerola
Authors: Segtowick Edilene Cléa Dos Santos , Brunelli Luciana Trevisan , Venturini Filho Waldemar Gastoni
Published: June 2013

O processamento de frutas para a obtenção de bebidas é uma forma de agregar valor a essa matéria-prima e remunerar melhor o produtor rural por meio do aumento de demanda. Tendo essa ideia como premissa, o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir fermentados de acerola e caracterizá-los físico-química e sensorialmente. A produção das bebidas foi baseada na legislação brasileira de fermentado de fruta e de vinho. Os fermentados foram produzidos a partir de suco (prensa) e polpa (despolpadora) de acerola, e adoçados com açúcar para a obtenção de três tipos de bebidas: seco, meio seco e suave. As bebidas foram analisadas físico-quimicamente quanto a pH, teor alcoólico, açúcar redutor, açúcar redutor total, acidez total, acidez volátil, acidez fixa, extrato seco, extrato seco reduzido, relação álcool/extrato seco reduzido, dióxido de enxofre livre, dióxido de enxofre total e turbidez. A análise sensorial das bebidas foi feita pelo teste de escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos, sendo considerados aparência, odor, sabor e avaliação global. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas e sensorial foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (significância de 5%). Tanto as matérias-primas (suco e polpa) como as diferentes concentrações de açúcar (seco, semisseco e suave) interferiram nos parâmetros físico-químicos e sensoriais dos fermentados de acerola, sendo que os provadores demonstraram preferência pelas bebidas mais adocicadas.
A família Orchidaceae no Parque Municipal de Mucugê, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Azevedo Cecília Oliveira de , van den Berg Cássio
Published: June 2013

O levantamento da família Orchidaceae no Parque Municipal de Mucugê foi realizado através de coletas mensais durante o período de um ano. Foram encontradas 35 espécies em 22 gêneros. Destas, 18 são citadas pela primeira vez para o município de Mucugê, oito para a região da Chapada Diamantina e quatro para o Estado da Bahia. Os gêneros Bulbophyllum, Epidendrum, Octomeria e Prescottia foram os mais representativos. Lectótipos foram selecionados para Acianthera hamosa (Bard. Rodr.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, Cattleya elongataBard. Rodr., Maxillaria cerifera Bard. Rodr. e Prescottia montana Bard. Rodr. Todos os táxons são descritos e ilustrados e chaves para identificação dos gêneros e espécies são apresentadas.
Guidelines to measurements of reproducible contact angles using a sessile-drop technique
Authors: Drelich Jaroslaw
Published: June 2013

The current broad interest in wetting characterization of solid surfaces is driven by recent advances in the formulation of surfaces and coatings that are superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, oleophobic, oleophilic and so on. Unfortunately, the contact angle data presented in many publications raise some concerns among the surface chemists and physicists who work with contact angle measurement techniques on a regular basis. In those articles, best practices are often ignored, and the data presented are limited to the static contact angles measured for small droplets, a few times smaller than typically recommended. The reported contact angles are neither advancing nor receding, and their reproducibility in different laboratories is therefore questionable. In this note, guidelines to measurements of reproducible and reliable advancing and receding contact angles are summarized.
Ontogenetic diet shifts promote predator‐mediated coexistence
Authors: Wollrab Sabine , de Roos André M. , Diehl Sebastian
Published: June 2013

It is widely believed that predation moderates interspecific competition and promotes prey diversity. Still, in models of two prey sharing a resource and a predator, predator‐mediated coexistence occurs only over narrow ranges of resource productivity. These models have so far ignored the widespread feature of ontogenetic diet shifts in predators. Here, we theoretically explore the consequences of a diet shift from juvenile to adult predator stages for coexistence of two competing prey. We find that only very minor deviations from perfectly identical diets in juveniles and adults destroy the “traditional” mechanism of predator‐mediated coexistence, which requires an intrinsic trade‐off between prey defendedness and competitive ability. Instead, predator population structure can create an “emergent” competition–predation trade‐off between prey, where a bottleneck in one predator stage enhances predation on the superior competitor and relaxes predation on the inferior competitor, irrespective of the latter's intrinsic defendedness. Pronounced diet shifts therefore greatly enlarge the range of prey coexistence along a resource gradient. With diet shifts, however, coexistence usually occurs as one of two alternative states and, once lost, may not be easily restored.
Influence of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Health Beliefs on Sexual Orientation Disparities in Papanicolaou Test Use
Authors: Charlton Brittany M. , Corliss Heather L. , Missmer Stacey A. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Rosario Margaret , Kahn Jessica A. , Austin S. Bryn
Published: June 2013

Objectives. Reproductive health screenings are a necessary part of quality health care. However, sexual minorities underutilize Papanicolaou (Pap) tests more than heterosexuals do, and the reasons are not known. Our objective was to examine if less hormonal contraceptive use or less positive health beliefs about Pap tests explain sexual orientation disparities in Pap test intention and utilization.

Methods. We used multivariable regression with prospective data gathered from 3821 females aged 18 to 25 years in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS).

Results. Among lesbians, less hormonal contraceptive use explained 8.6% of the disparities in Pap test intention and 36.1% of the disparities in Pap test utilization. Less positive health beliefs associated with Pap testing explained 19.1% of the disparities in Pap test intention. Together, less hormonal contraceptive use and less positive health beliefs explained 29.3% of the disparities in Pap test intention and 42.2% of the disparities in Pap test utilization.

Conclusions. Hormonal contraceptive use and health beliefs, to a lesser extent, help to explain sexual orientation disparities in intention and receipt of a Pap test, especially among lesbians.
Prevalence of Anogenital Warts Among Participants in Private Health Plans in the United States, 2003–2010: Potential Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
Authors: Flagg Elaine W. , Schwartz Robert , Weinstock Hillard
Published: June 2013

Objectives. We estimated anogenital wart prevalence from 2003 to 2010 by gender and age group in a large US cohort with private insurance to detect potential decreases among people most likely to be affected by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.

Methods. We restricted health care claims to those from individuals aged 10 to 39 years with continuous insurance within a given year. We derived anogenital wart diagnoses from a diagnosis of condyloma acuminata, or either a less specific viral wart diagnosis or genital wart medication combined with either a benign anogenital neoplasm or destruction or excision of a noncervical anogenital lesion.

Results. Prevalence increased slightly in 2003 to 2006, then significantly declined in 2007 to 2010 among girls aged 15 to 19 years; increased in 2003 to 2007, remained level through 2009, and declined in 2010 among women aged 20 to 24 years; and increased through 2009 but not in 2010 for women aged 25 to 39 years. For males aged 15 to 39 years, prevalence for each 5-year age group increased in 2003 to 2009, but no increases were observed for 2010.

Conclusions. These data indicate reductions in anogenital warts among US females aged 15 to 24 years, the age group most likely to be affected by introduction of the HPV vaccine.
Between Individual Agency and Structure in HIV Prevention: Understanding the Middle Ground of Social Practice
Authors: Kippax Susan , Stephenson Niamh , Parker Richard G. , Aggleton Peter
Published: June 2013

When HIV prevention targets risk and vulnerability, it focuses on individual agency and social structures, ignoring the centrality of community in effective HIV prevention. The neoliberal concept of risk assumes individuals are rational agents who act on information provided to them regarding HIV transmission. This individualistic framework does not recognize the communities in which people act and connect. The concept of vulnerability on the other hand acknowledges the social world, but mainly as social barriers that make it difficult for individuals to act. Neither approach to HIV prevention offers understanding of community practices or collective agency, both central to success in HIV prevention to date. Drawing on examples of the social transformation achieved by community action in Australia and Brazil, this article focuses on this middle ground and its role in effective HIV prevention.
State Politics and the Creation of Health Insurance Exchanges
Authors: Jones David K. , Greer Scott L.
Published: June 2013

Health insurance exchanges are a key component of the Affordable Care Act. Each exchange faces the challenge of minimizing friction with existing policies, coordinating churn between programs, and maximizing take-up. State-run exchanges would likely be better positioned to address these issues than a federally run exchange, yet only one third of states chose this path. Policymakers must ensure that their exchange—whether state or federally run—succeeds. Whether this happens will greatly depend on the political dynamics in each state.
Effect of segmental baffles on the shell-and-tube heat exchanger effectiveness
Authors: Vukic Mica , Tomic Mladen , Zivkovic Predrag , Ilic Gradimir
Published: June 2013

In this paper, the results of the experimental investigations of fluid flow
and heat transfer in laboratory experimental shell-and-tube heat exchanger
are presented. Shell-and-tube heat exchanger is with one pass of warm water
on the shell side and two passes of cool water in tube bundle.
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger is with 24x2 tubes (U-tube) in triangle
layout. During each experimental run, the pressure drops and the fluid
temperatures on shell side, along the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (at
positions defined in advance) have been measured. Special attention was made
to the investigation of the segmental baffles number influence of the
shell-and-tube heat exchanger effectiveness.
Performance assessment of a solar assisted desiccant cooling system
Authors: Gagliano Antonio , Patania Francesco , Nocera Francesco , Galesi Aldo
Published: June 2013

The use of solar energy to drive cooling applications, such as air
conditioning is attractive since the cooling load has a high coincidence with
the availability of solar irradiation. Combination of solar thermal and
cooling has a high potential to reduce the electricity consumption of
conventional air conditioning. This work delivers a description of solar
desiccant solid system (DECs) and presents results of tests and performance
analysis. The overall cooling efficiency is evaluated using simulation data
typical of Mediterranean Region. In this context the autonomous operations
both of a solar desiccant system (DEC) and an absorption refrigerant (AR)
chillers powered by direct-flow vacuum-tube collectors are investigated. It
is found out that the DEC system can achieve a primary energy saving (PES) of
around 40%, compared to an AR and of around 150% compared to a conventional
vapour compressor refrigerator (VCR).
An integral transform solution for unsteady compressible heat transfer in fluids near their thermodynamic critical point
Authors: de B.
Published: June 2013

The classical thermodynamic model for near critical heat transfer is an
integral-differential equation with constant coefficients. It is similar to
the heat equation, except for a source term containing the time derivative of
the bulk temperature. Despite its simple form, analytical methods required
the use of approximations to generate solutions for it, such as an
approximate Fourier transformation or a numerical Laplace inversion.
Recently, the Generalized Integral Transform Technique or GITT has been
successfully applied to this problem, providing a highly accurate analytical
solution for it and a new expression of its relaxation time. Nevertheless,
very small temperature differences, on the order of mK, have to be imposed so
that constant thermal properties can be assumed very close to the critical
point. The present paper generalizes this study by relaxing its restriction
and accounting for the strong dependence on temperature and pressure of
supercritical fluid properties, demonstrating that a) the GITT can be applied
to realistic nonlinear unsteady compressible heat transfer in fluids with
diverging thermal properties and b) temperature and pressure have opposite
effects on all properties, but their variation causes no additional
thermo-acoustic effect, increasing the validity range of the constant
property model.
New analytical solution for solving steady-state heat conduction problems with singularities
Authors: Laraqi Najib , Monier-Vinard Eric
Published: June 2013

A problem of steady-state heat conduction which presents singularities is
solved in this paper by using the conformal mapping method. The principle of
this method is based on the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation. The
considered problem is a semi-infinite medium with two different isothermal
surfaces separated by an adiabatic annular disc. We show that the thermal
resistance can be determined without solving the governing equations. We
determine a simple and exact expression that provides the thermal resistance
as a function of the ratio of annular disc radii.
Analytical thermal modelling of multilayered active embedded chips into high density electronic board
Authors: Monier-Vinard Eric , Laraqi Najib , Dia Cheikh , Nguyen Minh , Bissuel Valentin
Published: June 2013

The recent Printed Wiring Board embedding technology is an attractive
packaging alternative that allows a very high degree of miniaturization by
stacking multiple layers of embedded chips. This disruptive technology will
further increase the thermal management challenges by concentrating heat
dissipation at the heart of the organic substrate structure. In order to
allow the electronic designer to early analyze the limits of the power
dissipation, depending on the embedded chip location inside the board, as
well as the thermal interactions with other buried chips or surface mounted
electronic components, an analytical thermal modelling approach was
established. The presented work describes the comparison of the analytical
model results with the numerical models of various embedded chips
configurations. The thermal behaviour predictions of the analytical model,
found to be within ?10% of relative error, demonstrate its relevance for
modelling high density electronic board. Besides the approach promotes a
practical solution to study the potential gain to conduct a part of heat flow
from the components towards a set of localized cooled board pads.
An experimental study on two-phase pressure drop in small diameter horizontal, downward inclined and vertical tubes
Authors: Autee Arun , Rao Srinivasa , Puli Ravikumar , Shrivastava Ramakant
Published: June 2013

An experimental study of two-phase pressure drop in small diameter tubes
orientated horizontally, vertically and at two other downward inclinations
of ?= 300 and ? = 600 is described in this paper. Acrylic transparent tubes
of internal diameters 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mm with lengths of 400 mm were used
as the test section. Air-water mixture was used as the working fluid.
Two-phase pressure drop was measured and compared with the existing
correlations. These correlations are commonly used for calculation of
pressure drop in macro and mini-microchannels. It is observed that the
existing correlations are inadequate in predicting the two-phase pressure
drop in small diameter tubes. Based on the experimental data, a new
correlation has been proposed for predicting the two-phase pressure drop.
This correlation is developed by modification of Chisholm parameter C by
incorporating different parameters. It was found that the proposed
correlation predicted two-phase pressure drop at satisfactory level.
Conduction and convection heat transfer characteristics of water-based au nanofluids in a square cavity with differentially heated side walls subjected to constant temperatures
Authors: Ternik Primoz , Rudolf Rebeka
Published: June 2013

The present work deals with the natural convection in a square cavity filled
with the water-based Au nanofluid. The cavity is heated on the vertical and
cooled from the adjacent wall, while the other two horizontal walls are
adiabatic. The governing differential equations have been solved by the
standard finite volume method and the hydrodynamic and thermal fields were
coupled together using the Boussinesq approximation. The main objective of
this study is to investigate the influence of the nanoparticles? volume
fraction on the heat transfer characteristics of Au nanofluids at the given
base fluid?s (i.e. water) Rayleigh number. Accurate results are presented
over a wide range of the base fluid Rayleigh number and the volume fraction
of Au nanoparticles. It is shown that adding nanoparticles in a base fluid
delays the onset of convection. Contrary to what is argued by many authors,
we show by numerical simulations that the use of nanofluids can reduce the
heat transfer rate instead of increasing it.
Relationship Between Overweight and Obesity With Hospitalization for Heart Failure in 20,985 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Vestberg Daniel , Rosengren Annika , Olsson Marita , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Svensson Ann-Marie , Lind Marcus
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the potential relationship between overweight, obesity, and severe obesity and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied patients with type 1 diabetes included in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry during 1998–2003, and they were followed up until hospitalization for HF, death, or 31 December 2009. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risks.

RESULTS

In a sample of 20,985 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age, 38.6 years; mean BMI, 25.0 kg/m2), 635 patients were hospitalized with HF as a primary or secondary diagnosis during a median follow-up of 9.1 years. Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and baseline and intercurrent comorbidities (including myocardial infarction) showed a significant relationship between BMI and hospitalization for HF (P < 0.0001). In reference to patients in the BMI 20–25 kg/m2 category, hazard ratios (HRs) were as follows: HR 1.22 (95% CI, 0.83–1.78) for BMI <20 kg/m2; HR 0.94 (95% CI, 0.78–1.12) for BMI 25–30 kg/m2; HR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.20–1.99) for BMI 30–35 kg/m2; and HR 2.90 (95% CI, 1.92–4.37) for BMI ≥35 kg/m2.

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity, particularly severe obesity, is strongly associated with hospitalization for HF in patients with type 1 diabetes, whereas no similar relation was present in overweight and low body weight.