bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД ЗАКОНОДАВЧИХ ТА ІНШИХ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВИХ АКТІВ ЩОДО ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ТА ПРОТИДІЇ НАСИЛЬСТВУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: КАМИШАНСЬКИЙ Олексій , ПРОЦЕНКО Олена
Published: April 2024

Охарактеризовано деякі аспекти сучасного українського законодавства з проблематики домашнього насильства. Зроблено аналітичний огляд законодавчих та інших нормативно-правових актів щодо запобігання та протидії насильству в Україні. Наголошено на дотриманні гендерної рівності. Запропоновано напрями підвищення суспільної моралі та механізми більш жорсткої відповідальності посадових осіб, які можуть виявити деякі прояви насильства, зокрема, булінг. У контексті європейської інтеграції запропоновано запровадити найкращі передові практики допиту неповнолітніх, які підпали під дію різних видів насильства. Наголошено на необхідності більш суворого покарання кривдників.
ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ДОПИТУ ТА ВПІЗНАННЯ У РЕЖИМІ ВІДЕОКОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ ПРИ РОЗСЛІДУВАННІ ШАХРАЙСТВА В УМОВАХ ОСОБЛИВИХ ПРАВОВИХ РЕЖИМІВ (ЕПІДЕМІЇ, ПАНДЕМІЇ, ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ТА ІН.)
Authors: ПАВЛОВА Наталя
Published: April 2024

Розглянуто деякі аспекти щодо проведення слідчих (розшукових) дій, зокрема, допиту, одночасного допиту двох або більше раніше допитаних осіб, в умовах епідемії, пандемії та воєнного стану у провадженнях щодо шахрайства. Зазначено, що злочинці, пристосовуючись до умов особливих правових режимів, знаходять нові способи вчинення кримінальних правопорушень. Акцентовано на важливості реалізації функцій кримінального судочинства в умовах особливих правових режимів за рахунок проведення допиту, одночасного допиту двох або більше раніше допитаних осіб та пред’явлення для впізнання у дистанційному режимі. Наголошено на недоліках дистанційного досудового розслідування, запропоновано шляхи вирішення проблемних питань.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЄКТІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ТАРАСЮК Алла
Published: April 2024

Проєкти розвитку особливо важливі для економіки України, котра несе важкі втрати в результаті дії воєнного стану. Вивчено проблеми впровадження проєктів економічного розвитку та обґрунтовано доцільність їх застосування. Розроблено науково обґрунтовані концептуальні засади та практичні рекомендації стосовно основних тенденцій управління проєктами розвитку. Встановлено, що особливостями проєктів розвитку є те, що до цілей належать не тільки кінцеві результати проєкту, але й обрані шляхи досягнення цих цілей. Запропоновані заходи дозволяють забезпечити керованість процесу реалізації проєкту, завдяки аналізу інструментів, здійсненню оцінки ризиків проєкту та запобіганню останнім. Для забезпечення розбудови і повоєнного розвитку доцільно об’єднати зусилля держави і суб’єктів господарювання в спільній програмі розвитку національної економіки.
ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ВИМІР ПЕРСОНАЛІЗОВАНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ ТА ВЕЛИКИХ ДАНИХ
Authors: РОССИЛЬНА Ольга
Published: April 2024

Досліджено проблеми та правові перспективи опрацювання й захисту персональних даних щодо здоров’я, зокрема у контексті євроінтеграційних процесів. Проаналізовано право ЄС та рекомендації Європейської Комісії щодо України у сфері захисту персональних даних у системі охорони здоров’я. Окрему увагу приділено проблемі правового захисту генетичних даних, від належного рівня опрацювання яких залежить становлення та поширення переваг персоналізованої медицини. У результаті системного аналізу чинного законодавства України встановлено недостатній рівень захисту персональних даних у галузі охорони здоров’я, що не відповідає європейським вимогам та стандартам, а також значно стримує розвиток персоналізованої медицини.
ІНСТИТУТИ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ПРАВ ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИХ ОСІБ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ЧЕПІК-ТРЕГУБЕНКО Ольга
Published: April 2024

Розкрито роль інститутів громадянського суспільства у забезпеченні прав внутрішньо переміщених осіб в Україні в умовах воєнного стану. Наголошено, що на сучасному етапі розвитку Української держави продовження правотворчих та державотворчих перетворень можливі, у тому числі, завдяки активній позиції громадян України та їхній діяльності через різноманітні організації. Інститути громадянського суспільства сьогодні посідають особливе місце у забезпеченні прав внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Зауважено, що активність окремих громадян щодо розвитку демократичної, правової держави стала основою для розвитку громадянського суспільства в Україні та уможливила на сучасному етапі інтенсивно працювати і самоорганізовуватися у непередбачувані та складні для українського суспільства часи. Акцентовано, що саме самоорганізація суспільства є одним із ключових чинників розвитку громадянського суспільства. Підкреслено, що головне завдання органів публічної влади – уникати втручання у функціонування інститутів громадянського суспільства та їх організацію (звісно, що крім того, коли дії громадських організацій є неправомірними) та підтримувати у необхідних ініціативах, особливо зараз, в умовах воєнного стану, коли складно всім громадянам держави, а внутрішньо переміщеним особам через вимушене залишення свого постійного місця проживання складно подвійно. В умовах воєнного стану особливе місце серед громадських рухів відіграють волонтери. Перспективним і практично важливим напрямом для наукового осмислення є розкриття ролі та механізмів впровадження і реалізації інституту медіації у вирішенні спірних ситуацій між органами публічної влади та інститутами громадянського суспільства.
СУДОВА ПРАКТИКА РОЗ’ЯСНЕННЯ СУДОВИХ РІШЕНЬ У ЦИВІЛЬНОМУ СУДОЧИНСТВІ
Authors: ДЯЧЕНКО Сергій , ІНГУЛЬСЬКА Діана
Published: April 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню судової практики роз’ясненню судових рішень у цивільному судочинстві. Розглянуто принцип неприпустимості зловживання процесуальними правами в цивільному процесі України з вказівкою на певні види зловживань, а також підкреслено необхідність більш чіткого визначення цього принципу та розширення критеріїв для підтримки справедливості та вчасності судочинства. Розглянуто принцип верховенства права як ключовий аспект будови правової держави України, підкреслюючи його важливість для демократичного розвитку країни та гармонізації законодавства з міжнародними стандартами та вказано, що даний принцип не завжди впливає на суттєве вирішення справ. Проаналізовано судову практику роз’яснення судових рішень в цивільному судочинстві. Досліджено судову практику стосовно роз’яснення судових рішень у цивільному судочинстві. Результати проведеного аналізу та дослідження дали змогу стверджувати про важливість чіткого регулювання процедури прийняття та роз’яснення рішень суду в процесуальному законодавстві, що сприятиме збільшенню правової впевненості учасників судового процесу та підвищенню довіри до системи правосуддя.
СЕКСУАЛЬНЕ НАСИЛЬСТВО – ЗБРОЯ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО КОНФЛІКТУ
Authors: ЦАРЬОВА Ірина , ГОЛУБ Олена
Published: April 2024

Розкрито поняття сексуального насильства в умовах воєнного конфлікту як зброї для контролю, покарання, послаблення морального духу противника та створення стримування. Доведено, що під час військових конфліктів посилюється гендерна поляризація, у результаті чого жінки особливо гостро відчувають наслідки конфлікту з огляду на гендерно зумовлені ролі. Наголошено на викраденнях малолітніх дітей під час збройних конфліктів, що відбуваються з метою використання їх у бойових силах та експлуатації. Зазначено, що акти сексуального насильства визнаються окремою категорією воєнних злочинів (серйозних порушень міжнародного гуманітарного права) у контексті міжнародних і неміжнародних збройних конфліктів.
Detection of aflatoxin contamination in corn using The Simplified Gabor Wavelet algorithm
Authors: Yudistiro Kukuh , Fatah Gatot Suharto Abdul , Wibawa Lasinta Ari Nendra , Prastiyono Yudi
Published: April 2024

The quality of corn is essential to determine whether the corn is still suitable for consumption and what type of corn it is. Corn is one type of vegetable that is indispensable for the nutritional needs of the Indonesian people today and is a mixture of other essential ingredients. Corn is rich in fiber, which is good for improving digestion and overcoming constipation, controlling blood sugar levels, maintaining heart health, overcoming depression, maintaining eye health, and preventing diverticulitis. In this research, image recognition is used to determine and detect the content of aflatoxin, which is one type of abnormality or disorder in corn. This affects the quality of corn, whether corn is suitable for human consumption, and what impact aflatoxin has on the human body. on testing using parameters Non UV image, SGW Filter Image θ = 0, 90, 180 and 270, and The resulting SGW image with the number of orientations N = 4, θ = θ + pi/N, and θ = θ + 2*pi/N, The aflatoxin content in humans can cause carcinogenic or liver cancer and acute necrosis, cirrhosis, and carcinoma in the animal liver.
Best Employee Selection Using The Additive Ratio Assesment Method
Authors: Siregar Victor Marudut Mulia , Sirait Erwin , Sihombing Lasminar Lusia , Siregar Ivana Maretha
Published: April 2024

This study aims to solve the problem of selecting the best employees at Café Alvina. In order for employee performance to be further improved and more motivated in doing their work, the leadership gives awards to employees who have a good reputation in it so that all employees are motivated to be able to improve the quality of their respective work. The problem of selecting the best employees is done by building a decision support system. The DSS was built using the ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment method) method. The criteria used consisted of discipline, responsible, diligent, and cooperation with the weight of each criterion being 0.28, 0.11, 0.19, 0.31, 0.11. The results obtained from this study are the best employee recommendations consisting of employee_004 with a score of 0.9246 ranked 1st, employee_006 with a score of 0.8244, ranked 2nd, and employee_002 with a score of 0.5446 ranked 3rd. Through this decision support system, Alvina's café manager was greatly assisted because it becomes easier to decide on the selection of the best employees at the Café.
The Existence of POLRI in Handling Minor Crimes of Defamation Through Social Media in the Electronic Information and Transaction Law
Authors: Manurung Andreas , Hakim Abdul , Jannah Maya
Published: April 2024

The progress of information technology has positive and negative impacts; from a legal perspective, many criminal cases related to the social world in information technology occur in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the application of Law in Indonesia only prioritizes the principle of legal certainty and does not reduce the number of crimes that have happened in the State of Indonesia; until now, it has become a burden for the state when every criminal case ends up in prison. Law enforcers, the Police, the Attorney General's Office, and the Supreme Court created a restorative justice approach in applying criminal cases as a settlement mechanism outside the general court based on the principle of Justice. The application of restorative Justice is not always oriented toward criminal punishment. Still, it is more directed at aligning the interests of recovering victims and the accountability of perpetrators of criminal acts.
Development of Smart Parking Systems using RFID Sensors for Online Verification in Different Areas
Authors: Dhetryansah Andi , Suhartono Suhartono , Lamada Mustari S , Zain Satria Gunawan , Sanatang Sanatang
Published: April 2024

This research aims to develop an intelligent parking system with online authentication in different areas using RFID sensors and to confirm the development results of the system through functional tests. This research is research and development (R&D) using a prototype model. The data were then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The result of this study is an intelligent parking system that uses RFID sensors for online authentication in different areas, and the test results show that the average card authentication time at parking portals in different areas is 2.3 seconds. Based on the test results, the resulting smart parking system using RFID sensors for online verification in different areas can work as expected.
Detection of Bruteforce Attacks on the MQTT Protocol Using Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Akbar Galuh Muhammad Iman , Hariyadi Mokhamad Amin , Hanani Ajib
Published: April 2024

Bruteforce is a hacking technique that launches an attack by guessing the username and password of the system that is the target of the attack. The Bruteforce attack on the MQTT protocol is an attack that often occurs on the IoT, so it is necessary to detect attacks on the MQTT protocol to find out normal traffic and brute force traffic. Random Forest was chosen because this method can classify a lot of data in a relatively short time, and the results from Random Forest can improve accuracy and prevent overfitting in the data classification process. This study uses two types of data: primary data from the hacking environment lab and secondary data from the IEEE Data Port MQTT-IOT-IDS2020 dataset. Trials on primary data and the results obtained are accuracy of 99.55%, precision of 100%, recall of 99.54%, and f-measure of 99.77%, the duration needed to get these results with 1796 data lines, i.e., for 0 seconds. As for the secondary data, the researcher obtained an accuracy of 99.77%, a precision of 100%, a recall of 99.43%, and an f-measure of 98.71%, the duration required to obtain these results with 85002 data lines, i.e., for 62 seconds.
Network Security Analysis Using Switch Port Security CPT
Authors: Istiqamah Nurfadilah , Parenreng Jumadi Mabe
Published: April 2024

The gradual advancement of information network technology has rapidly increased due to the growing demand for efficient, stable, and fast network connectivity, as well as reliable information security. One factor that influences network quality is network security, which encompasses various techniques to enhance network security, such as building firewalls, layer seven protocols, and port security. Port security utilizes existing ports to enable secure switching access. The switch can protect the local area network (LAN). Several types of switch port security are commonly used, including default/static port security, dynamic learning port security, and sticky port security.
Review and Management of the 'Anugerah' Computer Shop Application Based on Android and iOS Mobile
Authors: Irmayani Deci , Siregar Zakia El Husna , Sari Mila Nirmala
Published: April 2024

The need for e-commerce is primarily for business actors such as Anugerah PC, which is engaged in PC repair and sales services. Since the COVID-19 pandemic devastated the industrial world, more time has passed, and ideas have emerged to build digital-based applications, even mobile-based ones. Digital-based, for example, is the existence of an application website that is very user-friendly but needs development, such as the development of an Android mobile or iOS mobile application, depending on the operating system used by the mobile device. This research is one of the answers to this problem. Anugerah PC built a mobile-based application to answer the challenges in the current 5.0 industrial revolution era. So, with this application, Anugerah stores can get a lot of followers, especially customers who are ready to buy at Anugerah stores. Anugerah PC shop can be the best in sales through e-commerce with a very flexible Android Mobile system.
Implementation of Data Access Object Pattern in Bookkeeping System Development
Authors: Nuraminah Ahlijati
Published: April 2024

The bookkeeping system is vital for managing a catering business, and incorporating design patterns in software development, specifically the Data Access Object (DAO) Pattern, can enhance structure, flexibility, and efficiency. This study focuses on implementing the DAO Pattern in the catering bookkeeping system to improve data management and overall system performance. Utilizing a software development framework, the DAO Pattern facilitates CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on entities, ensuring flexibility. Tests validate data integrity and proper DAO functions. The system test results through unit testing showed that 96% of the features that implemented DAO were successfully implemented. This demonstrates significant benefits, with improved data management structure and centralized changes. Implementing the DAO Pattern in catering's bookkeeping system ultimately enhances structured data management and overall system performance, providing insights for software developers working on similar business applications.
Increasing the productive potential of large and small cattle breed resources in the South of Russia based on modern breeding methods
Authors: Gorlov I. F , Slozhenkina M. I , Anisimova E. Yu , Karpenko E. V , Mosolova D. A
Published: April 2024

The results of the genetic characteristics research of large and small cattle populations grown in the Southern Russia are stated. Breed-specific DNA patterns have been identified in three of the most common cattle breeds of meat productivity in arid conditions. The milk productivity of Holstein cows of different breeding lines has been studied. It was found that increasing the frequency of animals of Vis Back Ideal and Reflection Sovering lines in the parent pairs could be able to increase the level of milk productivity of offspring and improve the quality indicators of dairy raw materials. The adaptive abilities and milk productivity of imported foreign Holstein cows depending on their origin were estimated. In comparison with Australian and Danish Holstein cows, American and German analogues have a higher level of milk productivity. However Australian and Danish animals have a more flexible adaptive capacity. As a result of the comparative study of the economic and biological characteristics of two generations of Aberdeen-Angus cattle (parental foreign generation, and the first generation - obtained under breeding conditions in Southern Russia), tendencies to increase productive values are revealed. The features of the meat productivity formation in Kalmyk steers different exterior and constitutional types are investigated. It was found that the Kalmyk steers of the tall body type have a higher meat productivity compared with their analogues of medium and compact body types. However, the beef of compact steers has a higher fat percentage, more attractive taste characteristics, culinary and technological indices. The features of polymorphism of CAST, GH, GDF9, CLPG, FABP4 and MC4R genes in populations of sheep of different breeds grown in the Republic of Kalmykia, Volgograd and Rostov regions, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic were also studied. As a promising method of early diagnosis of presence economically useful traits in sheep during ontogenesis, the effectiveness of DNA analysis in young lambs and the further selection of animals with desirable genotypes according to these genes were justified.
Triticale selection lines yield’s level and its structural elements in the middle Amur river region
Authors: Aseeva T. A , Zenkina K. V
Published: April 2024

The studies were carried out in 2020-2022 at the Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture (Khabarovsk Territory). The object of study is breeding lines of spring triticale. Agrometeorological conditions differed by years: 2020 - within the average multi-year values, 2021 - high temperatures of the surface air layer and lack of moisture, 2022 - excessive waterlogging. As a result of the research, breeding lines of spring triticale were identified according to grain yield (38.0-45.4 c/ha) - 102-20, 103-20, 104-20, 105-20, 106-20, 107-20, 109- 20, 116-20, 178-20, 184-20, 185-20, 190-20, 196-20, 208-20, 212-20, 217-20, 218-20. In the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Amur region, samples 102-20, 103-20, 105-20, 116-20, 117-20, 118-20, 119-20, 122-20, 123-20, 134-20, 178- 20, 257-20, 258-20 formed a stable productivity over the years (V˂10 %). The indicator of productive tillering ranged from 1.6 to 3.4 plants according to the samples. Breeding lines of spring triticale 125-20, 184-20 with the maximum number of grains per ear (52-53 pieces) were marked. On average, over the years of research, all samples (except line 105-20) exceeded the standard variety Ukro in terms of grain weight per ear (1.58-2.27 g). In terms of the weight of 1000 grains, 73 % of the samples exceeded the standard variety Ukro by 0.4-9.8 g. A high correlation coefficient was established between the formation of yield and the productive tillering of triticale plants (r = 0.89). The number and weight of seeds of triticale genotypes in the conditions of the region correlate to an average degree (r=0.63). The amount of grain from the main ear and its weight are weakly correlated with the weight of 1000 grains (r= -0.41 and r=0.43, respectively).
Guidelines for the Control of Resistance of the Common Vole (Microtus arvalis Pall) to Anticoagulant Rodenticides
Authors: Yakovlev A. A.
Published: April 2024

Anticoagulant rodenticides occupy a leading position in the practice of regulating the number of harmful rodents. The study of resistance to anticoagulants has been developed to a greater extent in relation to rodent commensals. In the conditions of field application of rodenticides in plant protection, the problem of resistance has features that are reflected in the methodology of studying this problem. The recommendations are intended to assess the resistance of the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall), one of the most important plant pests in the Russian Federation. The results of the study will help to identify resistance and make timely changes to the regulations for the use of rodenticides or reasonably change plant protection products.
X-Ray and Gamma Radiation of Lightning Discharge: Orbital Observations and Laboratory Simulation in Experiments with Long Sparks
Authors: Mareev E. A. , Shlyugaev Yu. V. , Shatalina M. V. , Sarafanov F. G. , Bogomolov V. V. , Iyudin A. F. , Svertilov S. I. , Yashin I. V.
Published: April 2024

Problems associated with observations and interpretation of the physical mechanisms underlying the generation of hard electromagnetic radiation from lightning discharges are considered. A review of modern problems of understanding the nature of atmospheric flashes of gamma radiation from the Earth’s atmosphere is given. The results of orbital observations, in particular, on the Vernov satellite, are analyzed. The possibilities of orbital observations of atmospheric gamma-ray flashes on CubeSat spacecraft are discussed, and a description of the recording equipment is given. The technique of a laboratory experiment with long sparks, which simulates electrical discharges in thunderclouds, is considered.
New Value of Apsidal Motion Velocity and Physical Parameters of the Triple Eclipsing System AS Cam
Authors: Volkov I. M.
Published: April 2024

Applying a new approach to the measurement of the rate of apsidal motion in the system AS Cam (P=3.43d, V=8.58m, e=0.17, Sp B7.5 V+B9.0 V), we obtained the value ω˙obs= 0.38°/yr, which is not as large as results of earlier measurements differs from the theoretical value for synchronized motion ω˙theor = 0.44°/yr. Previous generally accepted value was three times lower. Physical parameters of the components have been refined: T1=12980±150 K, M1=3.21±0.03M⊙, R1=2.46±0.01R⊙, T2=10850±100 K, M2 = 2.32 ± 0.03M⊙, R2=1.84±0.01R⊙. For the first time, a reliable orbit and physical parameters of the invisible satellite, the third body in the system, have been determined: P=2.21 yr, ω = 88°, e=0.70, M3sini=0.97±0.01M⊙.
Neural Networks for Searching for Meteoral Signals in the Data of the Orbital Telescope “UV Atmosphere”
Authors: Zotov M. , Sokolinskii D. , Arifullin A.
Published: April 2024

Since 2019, the Russian–Italian experiment “UV Atmosphere” (Mini-EUSO) has been operational on the International Space Station. The primary instrument of this experiment is a wide-angle telescope positioned toward nadir. Its main objective is to generate an ultraviolet map of the Earth’s nocturnal atmosphere radiation. This map serves as a crucial element in the preparation of a large-scale experiment involving the study of extremely high-energy cosmic rays using an orbiting telescope. Similar to the preceding TUS experiment, the “UV Atmosphere” instrument detects signals from various atmospheric processes in the ultraviolet range, including the luminosity of meteors. In this paper, we describe two simple neural networks that effectively extract meteor signals from the overall data stream. The proposed approach can also be applied to identify track-like signals of various origins in the data obtained from fluorescent and Cherenkov telescopes.
Synaptic aspects of the pathogenesis of autism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khairullin A. E , Mukhamedyarov M. A , Grishin S. N , Teplov A. Yu , Nagiev K. K , Ziganshin A. U
Published: April 2024

Recently, there has been evidence that alterations in functionality of synapses both at the pre- and postsynaptic level play an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and autism spectrum disorders. Of particular interest may be the data on synaptic defects appearing in the early, asymptomatic stages of the disease, when it might still be possible to prevent mass degeneration of neurons. Probably, modulation of synaptic signal transduction at this stage is very effective through therapy of a number of similar diseases. This review aims to explore the role of synaptic structures in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and autism spectrum disorders.
Analysis of multifractality of various components of electroencephalograms in mental disorders
Authors: Dick O. E
Published: April 2024

The method of finding maxima of the moduli of the wavelet coefficients was used to perform a comparative analysis of the multifractality of various components of electroencephalograms in normal conditions and in mental disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. It is shown that for each type of mental disorders, the position of the singularity spectrum is stable in most areas of the brain, and the main differences between multifractal properties are associated with the alpha components of electroencephalograms. The group of individuals affected with depression is characterized by anticorrelated dynamics of successive values of the alpha components, and the group of individuals with schizophrenia is characterized by a combination of anticorrelated and correlated dynamics, thus, it can be useful for the clinical diagnosis of neuronal disorders.
Mechanism of inhibition of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II by lanthanide cations
Authors: Lovyagina E. R , Loktyushkin A. V , Vasiliev N. S , Semin B. K
Published: April 2024

The process of the interaction of La3+and Tb3+ cations with the Ca-binding site of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II samples depleted of calcium has been studied. The binding of cations to the Ca-binding site is irreversible and the bound cations cannot be washed out or replaced by Ca2+ cation. A feature of lanthanides to bind strongly to the Ca-binding site has been used to investigate if the bound Ln3+ cation has an effect on the high-affinity Mn-binding site of the oxygen-evolving complex. Therefore, in this work, hydroquinone was used for the extraction of manganese cations from the oxygen-evolving complex of the calcium-depleted photosystem II membranes with the Ca-binding site blocked by La3+ or Tb3+ and the activity of the high-affinity site was then examined using exogenous electron donors (Mn2+ + H2O2) and 1,5-di-phenylcarbazide. It was found that lanthanide cation bound to the Ca-binding site can significantly inhibit the oxidation rates of electron donors through the high-affinity Mn-binding site. The mechanism of the observed effect is discussed.
Physicochemical properties and composition of the liposome lipids from lecithin depending on conditions that lead to the formation of liposome lipids
Authors: Shishkina L. N , Paramonov D. V , Klimovich M. A , Kozlov M. V
Published: April 2024

The effects of the composition and physicochemical properties of lecithin lipids, ultrasound exposure and centrifugation time on the composition and physicochemical properties of liposomes formed from lecithin were studied. It was found that the intensity of lipid peroxidation of liposomes is interrelated by the reversal correlation with the phospholipids share in the total lipid composition of lecithin and the direct correlation with the relative content of cardiolipin in the lecithin phospholipid composition. It was shown that ultrasound exposure and centrifugation produce stage changes in the composition and properties of the liposome lipids. Decreases in the levels of medium pH and the intensity of lipid peroxidation of liposomes were observed under centrifugal conditions. It was found that the stage changes in the ability of liposome lipids for oxidation depending on the time of ultrasound exposure and centrifugation are due to the relative changes in the sum share of the acid minor fractions in the composition of their phospholipids.
Method for short-term prediction of ultradian and infradian rhythms based on the registration of fluctuations in the rates of radioactive decay of potassium-40
Authors: Diatroptov M. E , Diatroptova M. A , Slesarev S. M
Published: April 2024

Observations of fluctuations in the rates of radioactive decay of potassium-40, a naturally occuring radioactive isotope of potassium, were made simultaneously in Moscow and Ulyanovsk. It was shown that variations of the count rates from sources in these geographic areas did not happen at the same time but were synchronized with local solar time. Based on this observation and taking into account that fluctuations in the rates of radioactive decay correlate with body temperature rhythms, a method for short-term prediction of ultradian rhythms of animal activity was developed and validated. The correlation analysis was conducted to see the relationship between the dynamics of the intensity of radioactive decay rates variability and the daily growth rates of the cell culture L-929. It was found that the maximum correlation coefficient can be observed after comparison of the indicator of the proliferative activity of the culture with the value of the intensity of radioactive decay rates variability as it was the day before the comparison. Thus, based on the data on fluctuations in the rates of radioactive decay of potassium-40, which is an indicator of the biotropic factor of the environment, it is possible to make short-term forecasts of ultradian and infradian biological rhythms.
SEXUAL POLYMORPHISM OF RANUNCULUS CASSUBICUS (RANUNCULACEAE) IN MOSCOW REGION
Authors: Godin V. N.
Published: April 2024

For the first time, gynodioecy is described in a perennial herbaceous polycarpic plant Ranunculus cassubicus L. (Kashubian buttercup) in the Moscow Region. It was revealed that R. cassubicus forms three types of flowers differing in the androecium structure: perfect (with fertile stamens and carpels), partially male-sterile (the number of stamens varies greatly and is much less than in perfect flowers), and pistillate ones (stamens completely missing). The sizes of flowers and their parts decrease in many studied parameters in the following row: perfect – partially male-sterile – pistillate. The studied 12 populations included six types of individuals forming: 1) only perfect flowers (83.1–89.2% of the total number of generative plants); 2) perfect and partially male-sterile flowers (4.0–6.5%); 3) only partially male-sterile flowers (2.8–3.9%); 4) perfect and pistillate flowers (1.4–2.6%); 5) pistillate and partially male-sterile flowers (1.2–2.9%); 6) only pistillate flowers (0.6–1.5%). It is established that over three years of observations (2020–2022), individuals of different sexual forms did not change the sex of flowers, and the sexual structure of populations remained stable, without sharp fluctuations.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF INFLUENCE OF CELL SURFACE RELIEF ON STOMATAL MOVEMENTS
Authors: Pautov A. A. , Krylova E. G. , Sapach Yu. O. , Yakovleva O. V. , Akhmetgaleeva K. A. , Pautova I. A.
Published: April 2024

Folds are often present on the surface of stomatal complex cells. This allows us to assume that the folds influence stomatal movements. To evaluate the validity of this assumption, the stomatal complexes with various surface reliefs of their cells were studied, namely the complexes with lateral folds, with marginal stomatal rings, with rings of ledges, with peristomatal rims, as well as those with folds located on subsidiary and ordinary epidermal cells without any obvious order, in Acokanthera oblongifolia, Acokanthera oppositifolia, Prunus laurocerasus, Populus tremula, Osmanthus yunnanensis, Raphiolepis ×delacourii, and Ternstroemia gymnanthera. In all the studied species, stomatal deformations depending on the presence of microrelief folds were observed. Since deformation processes are the basis of stomatal movements, it is possible to conclude that surface folds of stomatal complex cells are structural features of these cells capable of influencing the mechanics of stomatal movements.
Records of New Species of Vascular Plants in the Northern Koryakia, Kamchatka Territory
Authors: Skvortsov K. I. , Neshataeva V. Yu. , Yakubov V. V.
Published: April 2024

New data on distribution of 8 vascular plant species in Northern Koryakia (mainland part of Kamchatka Territory) is presented. Five native species (Bryanthus gmelinii D. Don, Cassiope lycopodioides (Pall.) D. Don, Listera cordata (L.) R. Br., Lonicera chamissoi Bunge ex P. Kir., Saxifraga tolmiei Torr. et Gray) and 3 alien species (Galium mollugo L., Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Linaria vulgaris Mill.) are new to the mainland of the Kamchatka Territory.
VASCULAR FLORA OF TOSNENSKY DISTRICT (LENINGRAD REGION, EUROPEAN RUSSIA): COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
Authors: Saidov N. T. , Konechnaya G. Yu. , Leostrin A. V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the first comprehensive assessment of the vascular flora of Tosnensky district (Leningrad region, Northwestern European Russia). In this study, we made the first checklist of vascular plants for this area based on our field observations in 2016–2022, the literature, online sources and herbarium collections. The flora of  Tosnensky district consists of 874 species, of which 706 are native, 36 are archaeophytes, 131 are neophytes, and one species has an uncertain status. The list contains information on 43 species new to the district and on one species (Euphrasia micrantha Rchb) new to the flora of Leningrad region. Results show that by the number of native species, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae are leading families; Brassicaceae is the largest in terms of the number of alien species. The native flora is dominated by forest-inhabiting species (55.3% of all species); the largest number of alien species is found on roadsides (42.7%). Most of the native species have a Eurasian range (30.5%), and 20.8% of all alien plants originate from North America. Perennial herbs dominate among both native and alien species (72.9% and 54.2%, respectively). In alien flora of Tosnensky district, there are 59 casual and 55 naturalized non-invasive species, while 14 species have been assigned as invasive. In addition, we provide information on the habitats of 42 species protected in Leningrad region, including three species that are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, namely Isoetes echinospora Durieu, Dactylorhiza baltica (Klinge) Nevski and Lobelia dortmanna L. The flora of Tosnensky district is well listed compared to floras of neighboring territories, however our findings indicate a relatively low proportion of neophytes (15% of all species). This feature can be explained by the low level of development of the transport network that reduces the likelihood of the introduction and spread of neophytes.
BOTANICAL RESULTS OF THE 6TH WEST HIMALAYAN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOGEOGRAPHIC EXPEDITION TO THE INDUS AND GANGES INTERFLUVE
Authors: Zolkin S. Yu. , Krestovskaya T. V. , Gannibal B. K. , Novitskaya G. A.
Published: April 2024

The article presents some scientific results of the 6th Western Himalayan Interdisciplinary Biogeographical Expedition of the St. Petersburg Union of Scientists. The flora and vegetation types of the central part, north-east, east and south-east of Himachal Pradesh state (India) were studied. The expedition participants studied plants at altitudes from 200 to 4600 meters. The difficult terrain, the variety of combinations of rocks, soil types, as well as abrupt changes in meso- and microclimatic conditions significantly influenced the nature of vegetation and the composition of flora, the definition of phytocenotic boundaries, the search for rare plants and the clarification of their ecology. Attention was also paid to cultivated component in plant communities. The article, based on the professional interests and individual view of each of the authors, briefly represents the diversity of vegetation along a route of almost 2000 km, passing through all the vertical zonality of the Western Himalayan biogeographical province.
The Role of Asymmetry of the Left and Right External Ear of Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Spatial Localization of Sound
Authors: Ryabov V. A.
Published: April 2024

It is generally accepted that Odontoceti lost their external ears (pinnae) in the process of adapting to aquatic habitats. However, their hearing localizes sound with an accuracy of 1° in the frontal and median planes and is directional. These facts indicate the presence of morphological structures functionally performing the role of evolutionarily new external ears adapted to the aquatic environment. The data available to date suggest that this role is played by the left and right row of mental foramens (MFs) and the morphological structures of the rostrum and skull of the dolphin. In this study, for the first time for Odontoceti, the paths of sound travel along MFs and mandibular canals of the lower jaw of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) are measured, and the relative time delays of sound between the MF and the degree of their acoustic shielding by the rostrum and skull depending on the localization of sound in space are calculated. It was established that the left and right outer ear form unique temporal and spectral signs of the spatial localization of sound with a maximal accuracy realized rostrally. Localization mechanisms are based on asymmetry, including rostral–caudal and left–right mutually complementary asymmetry of MF architecture, dorsal–ventral asymmetry in the size of the rostrum, as well as rostral–ventral asymmetry in the position of the left and right row of MFs on the rostrum and rostral–caudal asymmetry in the sizes of the rostrum and skull. Thus, unlike the outer ears of terrestrial animals and human beings limited by the auricles, the outer ears of the dolphin are integrated into the streamlined shape of the rostrum and head of the dolphin, which reduces the resistance to its movement from the water side and, most importantly, does not worsen the signal-to-noise ratio of the flow around it in its hearing with increasing speed. Based on the morphology similarity of Odontoceti, it is natural to assume that their MFs and the morphological structures of the rostrum and skull play the role of external ears and form signs of spatial localization of sounds.
Improving the Localization Accuracy of Dipole Sound Sources Using Planar Microphone Arrays
Authors: Kopiev V. F. , Ershov V. V. , Khramtsov I. V. , Kustov O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

A method has been developed for tuning the microphone array for optimal visualization of acoustic dipoles. Acoustic dipoles were generated under experimental conditions in an anechoic chamber using a subsonic air flow around a thin metal rod and thin rectangular plate. To confirm the operability of this approach, we compared the visualization maps obtained using the approach with the results obtained with a similar array class tuned in the traditional monopole method. The developed approach, which adapts the array to the dipole radiation model and modifies the transfer functions that take into account the influence of the incidence pattern of sound waves, demonstrates an increase in the array’s dynamic range with optimal microphone placement.
Evaluation of the Impedance Variability Effect of Acoustic Liner on Aircraft Engine Fan Noise in Calculation of Far Field Sound Modes Propagation
Authors: Palchikovskiy V. V. , Kuznetsov A. A. , Pavlogradskiy V. V.
Published: April 2024

The influence of the impedance variability of the acoustic liner of an air intake on aircraft engine fan noise in the far field has been studied. The calculations were carried out in an axisymmetric statement for single modes based on the finite element solution to the Blokhintsev equation for the acoustic potential. The acoustic liner impedance was determined from a well-developed semiempirical model that takes into account the influence of a high sound pressure level (SPL) and grazing flow. A procedure has been developed for calculating the propagation of single sound modes through the air intake of an aircraft engine with a variable liner impedance depending on the flow velocity and SPL at a local point. The calculation procedure has been validated. Calculations were made for single mode propagation into the forward hemisphere for an air intake on the wall of which the following conditions were set: rigid wall, constant impedance (the impedance does not change along the liner) and variable impedance (the impedance changes along the liner depending on the changes in the velocity of the grazing flow and SPL). According to the calculation results, it was found that constant and variable impedances yield different SPL values in the far field; as well, taking into account the impedance variability changes not only the SPL values in the far field, but also the direction of the maximum mode radiation.
Nucleoid-associated proteins HU and IHF: oligomerization in solution and hydrodynamic properties
Authors: Dadinova L. A , Petoukhov M. V , Gordienko A. M , Manuvera V. A , Lazarev V. N , Rakitina T. V , Mozhaev A. A , Peters G. S , Shtykova E. V
Published: April 2024

The structure and function of the bacterial nucleoid is controlled by nucleoid-associated NAP proteins. In any phase of growth, various NAPs, acting sequentially, condense the nucleoid and provide its transcriptionally active structure. However, in the late stationary phase, only one of the NAPs, the Dps protein, is strongly expressed, and DNA-protein crystals are formed that transform the nucleoid into a static, transcriptionally inactive structure, effectively protected from external influences. The discovery of crystal structures in living cells and the association of this phenomenon with bacterial resistance to antibiotics has aroused great interest in studying this phenomenon. The aim of this work is to obtain and compare the structures of two related NAPs (HU and IHF), since they are the ones that accumulate in the cell at the late stationary stage of growth, which precedes the formation of the protective DNA-Dps crystalline complex. For structural studies, two complementary methods were used in the work: small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main method for studying the structure of proteins in solution and dynamic light scattering as an additional one. Various approaches and computer programs were used to interpret the SAXS data, which made it possible to determine the macromolecular characteristics and obtain reliable structural 3D models of various oligomeric forms of the HU and IHF proteins. It was shown that these proteins oligomerize in solution to varying degrees, and IHF is characterized by the presence of large oligomers consisting of initial dimers arranged in a chain. It was suggested that just before Dps expression, it is this protein that forms the toroidal structures previously observed in vivo and prepares the platform for the formation of DNA-Dps crystals. The results obtained are necessary for further study of the phenomenon of biocrystal formation in bacterial cells and finding ways to overcome the resistance of various pathogens to external conditions.
Expression of the synthetic CYP102A1-LG23 gene and functional analysis of recombinant P450 BM3-LG23 cytochrome in actinobacteria Mycolicibacterium smegmatis
Authors: Poshekhontseva V. Y , Strizhov N. I , Karpov M. V , Nikolaeva V. M , Kazantsev A. V , Sazonova O. I , Shutov A. A , Donova M. V
Published: April 2024

Cytochrome CYP102A1 (P450 BM3) from Priestia megaterium (bas. Bacillus megaterium) has a number of specific features making it an ideal target for directed evolution and other synthetic applications. Previously, the CYP102A1-LG23 mutant with 14 mutations in the heme was obtained providing 7β-hydroxylation of steroid substrates of the androstane series with the formation of products possessing anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activity. In this study, the synthetic cyp102A1-LG23 gene encoding the P450 BM3 mutant variant was expressed in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis cells as part of mono- and bicistronic operons together with the synthetic gdh or zwf2 genes encoding glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), respectively. The functional activity of the recombinant enzymes was shown in vivo by the example of hydroxylation of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) to 7β-OH-AD in growing cultures of mycolicibacteria. Biocatalytic activity was doubled by increasing the CYP102A1-LG23 protein solubility in the cell and organizing the cofactor regeneration additional system by introducing GDH and G6PD. The maximum level of 7β-OH-AD amounting 37,68 mol % was achieved by co-expression the cyp102A1-LG23 and gdh genes in M. smegmatis. The results evidence to the perspective of using synthetic genes to obtain recombinant enzymes, expand the understanding of the hydroxylation of steroid compounds by bacterial cytochromes and can be demand for the methods of microbiological production of 7β-hydroxylated steroids by genetically modified mycolicibacteria.
T-Lymphocyte metabolic features and techniques to modulate them
Authors: Vlasova V. V , Shmagel K. V
Published: April 2024

T cells demonstrate a high degree of complexity and a broad range of functions which distinguish them from other immune cells. Throughout life, T lymphocytes experience several functional states: quiescence, activation, proliferation, differentiation, performance of effector and regulatory functions, memory formation, and apoptosis. Metabolism supports all the T cell functions, providing lymphocytes with energy, biosynthetic substrates, and signaling molecules. Therefore, T cells usually restructure their metabolism as they transition from one functional state to another. The strong association between metabolism and T cell function implies that the immune response can be controlled by manipulating metabolic processes within T lymphocytes. This review aims to highlight the main metabolic adaptations necessary for T cell function, as well as the recent progress in techniques to modulate the lymphocyte metabolic features.