bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Rate Estimation Based on Spectrum Decomposition
Authors: Lee SeungJae , Kim Soo-Yong
Published: April 2018

We propose an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal-based algorithm to estimate the respiratory rate is a significant informative indicator of physiological state of a patient. The consecutive ECG signals reflect the information about the respiration because inhalation and exhalation make transthoracic impedance vary. The proposed algorithm extracts the respiration-related signal by finding out the commonality between the frequency and amplitude features in the ECG pulse train. The respiration rate can be calculated from the principle components after the procedure of the singular spectrum analysis. We achieved 1.7569 breaths per min of root-mean-squared error and 1.7517 of standard deviation with a 32-seconds signal window of the Capnobase dataset, which gives notable improvement compared with the conventional Autoregressive model based estimation methods.
Mycoviruses as Triggers and Targets of RNA Silencing in White Mold Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Mochama Pauline , Jadhav Prajakta , Neupane Achal , Lee Marzano Shin-Yi
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to demonstrate the existence of antiviral RNA silencing mechanisms in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by probing wild-type and RNA-silencing-deficient strains of the fungus with an RNA virus and a circular DNA virus. Key silencing-related genes, specifically dicers, were disrupted in order to dissect the RNA silencing pathway and provide useful information on fungal control. Dicers Dcl-1, Dcl-2, and both Dcl-1/Dcl-2- genes were displaced by selective marker(s). Disruption mutants were then compared for changes in phenotype, virulence, susceptibility to viral infection, and small RNA accumulation compared to the wild-type strain. Disruption of Dcl-1 or Dcl-2 resulted in no changes in phenotype compared to wild-type S. sclerotiorum; however, the double dicer mutant strain exhibited slower growth. To examine the effect of viral infection on strains containing null-mutations of Dcl-1, Dcl-2 or both genes, mutants were transfected with full-length RNA transcripts of a hypovirus SsHV2L and copies of a single-stranded DNA mycovirus- SsHADV-1 as a synthetic virus. Results indicate that the ΔDcl-1/Dcl-2 double mutant which was slow growing without virus infection exhibited much more severe debilitation following virus infection. Altered colony morphology including: reduced pigmentation, significantly slower growth, and delayed sclerotial formation. Additionally, there is an absence of virus-derived small RNAs in the virus-infected ∆Dcl-1/Dcl-2 mutant compared to the virus-infected wild-type strain which displays a high percentage of virus-derived small RNA. The findings of these studies suggest that if both dicers are silenced, invasive nucleic acids which include mycoviruses ubiquitous in nature- can greatly debilitate the virulence of fungal plant pathogens.
Fabrication Technology and Material Characterization of Hot Rolled Cylindrical Fe-6.5wt.% Si Bars
Authors: Wen Shibo , Xue Shaowei , Han Chaoyu , Liu Binbin , Liang Yongfeng , Ye Feng
Published: April 2018

Cylindrical Fe-6.5wt.% Si bars with 7.5 mm in diameter were successfully fabricated from as cast ingot through three rolling stages within 10 passes: rough rolling at 850–900 °C and 8–10 m/min, medium rolling at 800–850 °C and 10–15 m/min, and finish rolling at 800–850 °C and 12–18 m/min. The evolution of microstructure, texture and ordered structure, and the mechanical property are investigated. The results showed that the grains were refined by the hot bar rolling. Area fractions of the {100}<011> oriented grains and the {011}<100> oriented grains decreased to 0 during the hot bar rolling. Whereas, the {100}<001> component, the {011}<211> component and the {112}<110> component increased, and γ fiber with {111}<110> component was dominant. DO3 ordered phase were suppressed, and B2 ordered domains were refined after the hot bar rolling. Ductility of the as rolled bar was higher than that of the rotary swaged bar, due to the absence of the DO3 ordered phase and the fine grains in the rolled bar. Hence, the hot bar rolling technology is an excellent process to fabricate the Fe-6.5wt.% Si bars.
Nonlinear Rheology and Fracture of Disclination Network in Cholesteric Blue Phase III
Authors: Fujii Shuji , Sasaki Yuji , Orihara Hiroshi
Published: April 2018

Nonlinear rheological properties of chiral crystal cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC) in blue phase III are investigated under different shear deformations; large amplitude oscillatory shear, step shear deformation, and continuous shear flow. Rheology of the liquid crystal is significantly affected by structural rearrangement of defects under shear flow. One of the examples on the defect-mediated rheology is the blue phase rheology. Blue phase is characterized by three dimensional network structure of the disclination lines. It has been numerically studied that the rheological behavior of the blue phase is dominated by destruction and creation of the disclination networks. In this study, we find that the nonlinear viscoelasticity of BPIII is characterized by the fracture of the disclination networks. Depending on the degree of the fracture, the nonlinear viscoelasticity is divided into two regimes; the weak nonlinear regime where the disclination network locally fractures but still show elastic response, and the strong nonlinear regime where the shear deformation breaks up the networks, which results in a loss of the elasticity. Continuous shear deformation reveals that a series of the fracture process delays with shear rate. The shear rate dependence suggests that force balance between the elastic force acting on the disclination lines and the viscous force determines the fracture behavior.
Examining Self-Disclosure on Social Networking Sites: A Flow Theory and Privacy Perspective
Authors: Mensah Aseda , Ampong George Oppong Appiagyei , Adu Adolph Sedem Yaw , Addae John Agyekum , Omoregie Osaretin Kayode , Ofori Kwame Simpe
Published: April 2018

Social media and other web 2.0 tools have provided users the platform to interact and also disclose personal information not only with their friends and acquaintances, but also with relative strangers with unprecedented ease. This has enhanced the ability of people to share more about themselves, their families, and their friends through a variety of media including text, photo, and video, thus developing and sustaining social and business relationships. The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors that predict self-disclosure on social networking sites within the Ghanaian context. Data was collected from 452 students in three leading universities in Ghana and analyzed with Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling. Results from the study revealed that all variables in the proposed model with the exception of interaction and perceived control were significant predictors of self-disclosure with privacy risk being the most significant predictor. In all, the model accounted for 54.6 percent of the variance in self disclosure. The implications and limitations of the current study are discussed and directions for future research proposed.
Review of Cape Verde Aphanommata Wollaston, 1873 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cossoninae) with Description of New Species, Larva and Notes on Biology and Distributional Pattern
Authors: Skuhrovec Jiří , Hlaváč Peter , Batelka Jan
Published: April 2018

The genus Aphanommata in the Old World is reviewed. Aphanommata kuscheli sp. nov. from São Nicolau and A. strakai sp. nov. from Fogo (both Cape Verde islands) are described. Aphanommata euphorbiarum (Wollaston, 1867) from Santo Antão in the Cape Verde islands is redescribed and its lectotype is designated. All three Aphanommata species from the Cape Verde islands as well as A. filum (Mulsant & Rey, 1859) from Old World are diagnosed, illustrated, and keyed. Mature larva of A. kuscheli sp. nov. is described, larval morphology is discussed and the current state of knowledge about immature stages of Cossoninae is summarized. Vertical and inter-insular distributional pattern of Cape Verde Aphanommata and Pselactus is reviewed and discussed.
Exploiting Past Users’ Interests and Predictions in an Active Learning Method for Dealing with Cold Start in Recommender Systems
Authors: Pozo Manuel , Chiky Raja , Meziane Farid , Metais Elisabeth
Published: April 2018

This paper focuses on the new users cold-start issue in the context of recommender systems. New users who do not receive pertinent recommendations may abandon the system. In order to cope with this issue, we use active learning techniques. These methods engage the new users to interact with the system by presenting them with a questionnaire that aim to understand their preferences to the related items. Example of questions may include "do you like this book?" and the users answer,"yes", "no", "I have not read it (unknown)", will reflect the degree of interest for the item by the users. As a consequence, the system can learn the users' preferences from these answers. The goal of active learning is to correctly choose the questions (items) for users. Thus it is necessary to personalize the questionnaires to retrieve the maximum information by avoiding "unknown" answers. In this paper, we propose an active learning technique that exploits past users' interests and past users' predictions in order to identify the best questions to ask.
What Constitutes Emergent Quantum Reality? A Complex System Exploration from Entropic Gravity and the Universal Constants
Authors: Keppens Arno
Published: April 2018

In this work it is acknowledged that important attempts to devise an emergent quantum (gravity) theory require space-time to be discretized at the Planck scale. It is therefore conjectured that reality is identical to a sub-quantum dynamics of ontological micro-constituents that are connected by a single interaction law. To arrive at a complex system-based toy-model identification of these micro-constituents, two strategies are combined. First, by seeing gravity as an entropic phenomenon and generalizing the dimensional reduction of the associated holographic principle, the universal constants of free space are related to assumed attributes of the micro-constituents. Second, as the effective field dynamics of the micro-constituents must eventually obey Einstein’s field equations, a sub-quantum interaction law is derived from a solution of these equations. A Planck-scale origin for thermodynamic black hole characteristics and novel views on entropic gravity theory result from this approach, which eventually provides a different view on quantum gravity and its unification with the fundamental forces.
Sustainable Boron Nitride Nanosheet-Reinforced Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film with Improved Mechanical Properties and Oxygen Barrier without the Cost of Color and Brittleness
Authors: Nguyen Hoang-Linh , Hanif Zahid , Park Seul-A. , Choi Bong Gill , Tran Thang Hong , Hwang Dong Soo , Park Jeyoung , Hwang Sung Yeon , Oh Dongyeop X.
Published: April 2018

Herein, we introduce a boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS)-reinforced cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film as a sustainable oxygen barrier film that can potentially be applied in food packaging. Most of commodity plastics are oxygen-permeable. CNF exhibits an ideal oxygen transmittance rate (OTR) of <1 cc/m2/day in highly controlled conditions. A CNF film typically fabricated by the air drying of a CNF aqueous solution reveals an OTR of 19.08 cc/m2/day. The addition of 0-5 wt% BNNS to the CNF dispersion before drying results in a composite film with highly improved OTR, 4.7 cc/m2/day, which is sufficient for meat and cheese packaging. BNNS as a 2D nanomaterial increases the pathway of oxygen gas and reduces the chances of pin-hole formation during film fabrication involving water drying. In addition, BNNS improves the mechanical properties of the CNF films (Young’s modulus and tensile strength) without significant elongation reductions, probably due to the good miscibility of CNF and BNNS in the aqueous solution. BNNS addition also produces negligible color change, which is important for film aesthetics. An in vitro cell experiment was performed to reveal the low cytotoxicity of the CNF/BNNS composite. This composite film has great potential as a sustainable high-performance food packaging material.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Tribochemical Reactions Involving Phosphorus Additives at Sliding Iron Interfaces
Authors: Loehlé Sophie , Righi M. C.
Published: April 2018

We performed for the first time to our knowledge fully ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of additive tribochemistry in boundary lubrication conditions. We consider an organophosphourus additive that has been experimentally shown to reduce friction in steel-on-steel sliding contacts thanks to the tribologically-induced formation of an iron phosphide tribofilm. The simulations allow us to observe in real time the molecular dissociation at the sliding iron interface under pressure and to understand the mechanism of iron phosphide formation. We discuss the role played by the mechanical stress by comparing the activation times for molecular dissociation observed in the tribological simulations at different applied loads with that expected on the basis of the dissociation barrier.
Bagged Decision Trees Based Scheme of Microgrid Protection Using Windowed Fast Fourier and Wavelet Transforms
Authors: Alemu Solomon Netsanet , Zhang Jianhua , Zheng Dehua
Published: April 2018

Microgrids of varying size and applications are regarded as a key feature of modernizing the power system. The protection of those systems, however, has become a major challenge and a popular research topic for the reason that it involves greater complexity than traditional distribution systems. This paper addresses the issue through a novel approach which utilizes detailed analysis of current and voltage waveforms through windowed fast Fourier and wavelet transforms. The fault detection scheme involves bagged decision trees which use input features extracted from the signal processing stage and selected by correlation analysis. The technique was tested on a microgrid model developed using PSCAD/EMTDS, which is inspired from an operational microgrid in Goldwind Sc. Tech. Co. Ltd, in Beijing, China. The results showed great level of effectiveness to accurately identify faults from other non-fault disturbances, precisely locate the fault and trigger opening of the right circuit breaker/s under different operation modes, fault resistances and other system disturbances.
Aportaciones de Daniel Mollière a la cirugía de la hernia
Authors: Moreno-Egea Alfredo
Published: April 2018

Daniel Mollière (1848-1890), cirujano mayor del Hospital Dieu de Lyon durante apenas 17 años, fue capaz de publicar más de treinta trabajos sobre temas tan diversos como hernias, amputaciones, gangrena, trepanación, ortopedia, enfermedades cardiacas, ántrax, cirugía plástica, etc. Fue un gran docente y colaborador asiduo de las revistas Lyon Médical, Province Médicale y Gazette des Hôpitaux. Su especial interés por la enseñanza le llevo a publicar unas Lecturas sobre cirugía clínica, donde presentó sus ideas más innovadoras. Se describen sus aportaciones al campo de las hernias y de la pared abdominal. A pesar de su interesante legado, Mollière es un personaje totalmente desconocido para la mayoría de cirujanos, ya que no es citado en los libros de historia de la medicina o de la cirugía.
Efecto de prehabilitación en calidad de vida y síndrome de fatiga posquirúrgica en pacientes operados de plastia ventral en el Hospital de Especialidades núm. 1 del Centro Médico Nacional-León, IMSS de León, Guanajuato
Authors: Medina Sifuentes Ana De Montserrat , Suárez Flores Daniel , Hernández Villegas Leticia
Published: April 2018

Introducción: En nuestro medio, la prehabilitación no se ha aplicado a patología herniaria.Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de la prehabilitación en calidad de vida/síndrome de fatiga posquirúrgica en operados de plastia ventral.Método: Diseño ensayo clínico aleatorizado, simple ciego, sin placebo. Tamaño de muestra y muestreo probabilísticos, en 2 grupos: el grupo I fue sometido a prehabilitación mediante ejercicio aeróbico durante 4 semanas, que consistía en caminata a cielo abierto en distancia conocida y prueba de esfuerzo, 3 veces por semana; el grupo II, sin ejercicio. Se aplicó a todos la escala de confort de Carolina para evaluar la calidad de vida y la escala de evaluación de fatiga a los 30 días de la cirugía. Se analizó con estadística descriptiva einferencial con T de Student y significancia de p < 0.05.Resultados: Seleccionados 64 pacientes, 32 por grupo. El promedio de edad fue de 49 ± 11.3 del grupo con prehabilitación, y sin ella, de 52 ± 10.4. De los pacientes grupo I, 27 (87.1 %) se perciben muy livianos, 30 (96.8 %) manifestaron riesgo intermedio, y recuperación adecuada, 29 (93.5 %). La percepción de fatiga en el grupo I fue de 30 ± 8.3, y del grupo control, de 33 ± 9.3 (p < 0.191). La percepción de confort en el grupo I fue de 62.2 ± 22.6, y del grupo control, de 72.8 ± 24.2 (p < 0.076).Conclusiones: No se observaron diferencias en los grupos.
Tratamiento de la hernia inguinoescrotal gigante con pérdida de domicilio: un desafío quirúrgico
Authors: Begliardo Fernando Luis , Arias Pablo María , Corpacci Milagros , Albornoz Paula Daniela , Lerda Aldo Fabián
Published: April 2018

Introducción: Se definen como hernias inguinoescrotales gigantes a aquellas que se extienden por debajo del punto medio de la cara interna del muslo, con el paciente en posición de pie. Debido a la pérdida de domicilio que se puede presentar en estos casos, durante la cirugía, al reintroducir el contenido herniario a la cavidad abdominal, se puede producir un síndrome compartimental abdominal.Caso clínico: Se describe un caso de un hombre de 50 años de edad con una hernia inguinoescrotal de 15 años de evolución, con contenido intestinal y omental. Se le realizó neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio. La hernioplastia fue llevada a cabo con la colocación de una malla de polipropileno libre de tensión. El paciente tuvo una recuperación sin complicaciones ni recurrencias.Discusión: El manejo quirúrgico de las hernias inguinoescrotales gigantes que han perdido el domicilio, es un desafío para el cirujano. A lo largo de la historia se han descrito diversas técnicas para llevar a cabo su reparación. Entre ellas, en 1940, Goñi Moreno introduce el concepto de neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio. Es importante conocer los benefi cios y riesgos de cada una y saber aplicarlas acorde a cada paciente. El neumoperitoneo progresivo es una opción válida para reparación de las hernias inguinoescrotales gigantes. Permite, previo a la cirugía, un aumento del volumen de la cavidad abdominal y una disección neumática del saco herniario y de su contenido.
Asociación de neumoperitoneo progresivo preoperatorio y separación posterior de componentes con liberación del músculo transverso en el tratamiento de una eventración gigante con pérdida de derecho a domicilio
Authors: Benavides de la Rosa Diana Fernanda , Ortiz de Solórzano Aurusa Javier , García Ureña Miguel Ángel , Montes Manrique Mario , Pina Pallín María , Gómez Paloma Zahira , Vázquez Manrique Andrea , Beltrán de Heredia Juan
Published: April 2018

Introducción. El tratamiento de las eventraciones con pérdida de derecho a domicilio representa un gran reto para el cirujanogeneral. La alteración de la dinámica de la cavidad abdominal requiere un procedimiento progresivo que permita restablecer elequilibrio fi siológico al reintroducir el contenido del defecto herniario.Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 75 años con una eventración gigante recidivada con pérdida dederecho a domicilio. Se realiza neumoperitoneo preoperatorio progresivo mediante la colocación de un catéter de los utilizadosen radiología intervencionista para drenajes, terminado en cola de cerdo (pigtail) en el hipocondrio derecho durante 20 días. Lareconstrucción de la pared se realizó empleando la técnica de liberación de músculo transverso y la colocación de dos mallas, unasintética bioabsorbible y una irreabsorbible. La paciente no presentó complicaciones relevantes en el posoperatorio. La tomografíade control a los 6 meses mostró la integridad de la pared. No ha presentado recurrencia al año de seguimiento.Discusión. El neumoperitoneo progresivo constituye una herramienta que permite el aumento gradual del volumen intraabdominalpara reintroducir el contenido visceral herniado. El neumoperitoneo preoperatorio progresivo es un procedimiento seguro,de fácil aplicación con un bajo índice de complicaciones. Las técnicas preoperatorias para reducir la tensión en la línea de suturamás empleadas son el neumoperitoneo, la toxina botulínica y los expansores tisulares; estas deben tenerse en cuenta para lacorrección de hernias complejas.Conclusiones. El tratamiento de los pacientes con hernias gigantes y con pérdida de derecho a domicilio requiere una revisiónconcienzuda de las técnicas disponibles y la participación de un especialista en defectos herniarios complejos.
Historia de la hernia lumbar y de los cirujanos que se enfrentaron a ella durante los siglos XVIII y XIX
Authors: Moreno-Egea Alfredo
Published: April 2018

Introducción: La historia de la hernia inguinal ha sido bien documentada, pero la historia de la hernia lumbar estodavía una gran desconocida y está plagada de errores y de ausencias.Método: Revisión de las publicaciones. Análisis crítico de los artículos, tesis, libros y monografías publicadas.Palabras clave: «hernia lumbar, anatomía y pared abdominal posterior». Estudio de los archivos de las bibliotecas deLyon, Montpellier y París.Resultados: El estudio destaca la ausencia de algunos autores cuyas tesis hicieron posible la trasmisión de conocimientosdurante el siglo XIX, como los de Billetou, Rigodin y Romascu, hasta alcanzar el siglo XX y ser recogidospor Jeannel. Se corrigen citas y hechos. Se correlaciona la historia de la hernia con los conocimientos anatómicos dela época.Conclusión: La historia de la hernia lumbar está llena de ausencias y errores. Se completa el desarrollo históricode esta patología durante el siglo XIX.
¿Mayúscula o minúscula inicial? (II): Los nombres de enfermedades
Authors: Aguilar Ruiz Manuel José
Published: April 2018

Carta al Director
Correlation between higher-order thinking skills and level of intelligence with scientific literacy on junior high school students
Authors: Yuriza Putri Emilia , Adisyahputra Adisyahputra , Sigit Diana Vivanti
Published: April 2018

Scientific literacy is the major purpose in learning science for 15 year-old students before they learn science in separated field such as physics, biology, and chemistry.The aim of this research was to determine the correlation between higher-order thinking skills and level of intelligence with scientific literacy on junior high school students. This research involved 189 students grade IX in East Jakarta as the samples. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative and using multiple correlation to test the hypothesis. The writer collected the data by utilizing Programme for International Students Assessment 2009’s scientific literacy test and Kamalia 2011’s higher order thinking skills test. IQ test results data from each school used to know the level of intelligence. Research hypothesis tested by Pearson Product Moment correlation with α=0,05. Coefficient of correlation was 0,350, it means that there was positive correlation higher-order thinking skills and level of intelligence with scientific literacy on junior high school students.
Correlation between integrated science process skills, and ability to read comprehension to scientific literacy in biology teachers students
Authors: Handayani Gina , Adisyahputra Adisyahputra , Indrayanti Reni
Published: April 2018

Scientific literacy is define as the capacity of use scientific knowledge in order to understand and help make decision about the natural world and the changes made it through human activity. Teachers are a major factor in the success of learning, therefore it is necessary to test the scientific literacy skill  of biology teacher students. This study aims to find out science literacy of biology teacher students and the corellation between of integrated science process skill, and reading comprehension skill of biology teacher students to their scientific literacy skill. The method for this research  used the survey method with correlational studies. The sample of this research is 81 students of biology teacher students of Jakarta State University. The results shows that the scientific literacy of biology education students is destitute. It is shown from the average score of their scientific literacy skill which is 45.58. This study shows that correlation coefficient obtained is 0,457 which means that there is correlation between integrated science process skill with scientific literacy skill. This study also shows that there is correlation between reading comprehension skill with with scientific literacy skill which correlation coefficient obtained is 0,214.
Eco-friendly website development in biology learning based on project activities on environmental pollution
Authors: Fitriani Upi , Adisyahputra Adisyahputra , Komala Ratna
Published: April 2018

This research aimed to develop eco-friendly website in Biology learning which based on project activities for environmental pollution based on the National Curriculum. This Research and Development (R & D) using Borg and Gall strategy. The research data was gathered using quality evaluation eco-friendly website questionnaire, portfolio assessment sheet, pretest and posttest questions, student’s respond questionnaire, and interview sheet. Data analysis and discussion result has proved that (1) the eligibility of eco-friendly website based on the evaluation of the content expert, media expert and peer reviewer is excellent; based on the student’s evaluation, good. (2) The ability of student’s cognitive increased after having the Biology class activities in the eco-friendly project. Based on this research result, it is suggested to have further research to know the effectiveness of the eco-friendly website implementation toward the increase of student’s interests and learning motivation and other research variables. Moreover, eco-friendly website can be developed into a mobile application which can be accessed in any Android and iOS gadgets.
Enhancing metacognitive skills of students with different gender using simas eric learning model at state senior high school 6 Malang
Authors: Darmawan Ericka , Brasilita Yuli , Zubaidah Siti , Saptasari Murni
Published: April 2018

The aim of the research is to know the influence of Simas eric (Skimming, Mind mapping, Questioning, Exploring, Writing, Communicating) cooperative learning model on difference gender on the XIth grade student’s metacognition skills of Biology in State Senior High School 6 Malang. This research was quasi-experimental with non-equivalent pretest posttest control group design. The sample used was XI MIA 1 and XI MIA 2 class of the State Senior High School 6 Malang. The data had been collected by observation of students’s metacognition skills. The data analysed by Anacova techniques showed that Simas eric learning model on difference gender effect on the XIth grade student’s metacognition skills in State Senior High School 6 Malang. The result of the research showed that Simas eric learning model influenced the XIth grade student’s metacognition skills, the difference gender and interaction of learning model and gender did not influence student’s metacognition skills.
System for measuring vacuum-pump performance using the standard throughput method
Authors: Chen Sheng-Jui
Published: April 2018

Ultimate pressure of a vacuum system is determined by two parameters, namely the total gas load of vacuum system and the pumping speed (volume flow rate) of vacuum pump.  After the total gas load of a system is estimated, the required pumping speed can be set.  In this study, we constructed a system for measuring the pumping speed of vacuum pump according to ISO 21360-1:2012, in which three methods are described, i.e. the throughput method, the orifice method and the pump-down method.  The vacuum pump under test is designed to be used in low vacuum range for evacuating a chamber at high pumping speed.  For this reason, the throughput method was selected as the main method.  The system consists of pressure gauges, thermometers, a flow meter and a test chamber.  The system was used to measure the pumping speed at the inlet of the vacuum pump at several pressure points.  We present the system setup, uncertainty evaluation and vacuum-pump performance results of this work.
Evaluation of supplementary comparison EURAMAT.M.P-S14 in the range 50 MPa to 1 GPa of hydraulic gauge pressure
Authors: Könemann Jens
Published: April 2018

In this work, we present a mathematical procedure to evaluate a hydraulic gauge pressure comparison in the range to 1 GPa piloted by PTB and using a transfer standard consisting of two series of modern high-pressure transducers, i.e. eight pressure transducers in total. This set of parallel arranged transducers should ensure reliability of the transfer standard at high pressures and provide rich data for testing the performance of modern high-pressure transducers. The analysis of the comparison results was based on the evaluation of the individual measurement deviations of these transducers with respect to the laboratory standards, whereas the corresponding comparison reference values and their uncertainty were determined separately at each pressure point and pressure transducer. All these results were summarized to derive the degree of equivalence for each laboratory at each pressure which was found for all laboratories to be consistent at almost all pressures.
Development and characterisation of a low pressure transfer standard in the range 1 Pa to 10 kPa
Authors: Boineau Frédéric , Huret Sébastien , Otal Pierre , Plimmer Mark
Published: April 2018

We describe a transfer standard for low absolute and gauge pressure in the range 1 Pa to 10 kPa. This transfer standard is composed of three differential capacitance diaphragm gauges (CDGs) of full-scale 130 Pa, 1.3 kPa and 13 kPa respectively and one absolute 130 kPa resonant silicon gauge (RSG). The objective for the relative uncertainty contribution (k=1) of this standard during a comparison is a few tens of ppm at 10 kPa to a few hundred ppm at 1 Pa. It relies on a good long-term stability of the calibration slope of the RSG used, between 5 kPa and 10 kPa, disseminated to CDGs in absolute mode and subsequently in gauge mode. The methods to assess such uncertainty and the preliminary characterisation of the transfer standard are presented.
Software Separation in Measuring Instruments through Security Concepts and Separation Kernels
Authors: Peters Daniel , Scholz Patrick , Thiel Florian
Published: April 2018

In the age of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, more and more embedded systems are connected through open networks, which also concerns measuring instruments under legal control (e.g. smart meters). Therefore, cyber-security for measuring instruments is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, possibilities to design secure measuring software running on general-purpose operating systems are analyzed according to legal requirements set up by European Directives, e.g., the Measuring Instruments Directive (2014/32/EU), which define the mandatory security level. Technical interpretations for the security concepts described in this paper are derived from these legal requirements with the aim to provide manufacturers the architectural guidance to construct systems which easily pass a conformity assessment at a Notified Body. In this paper security concepts, i.e., SELinux, AppArmor and Mandatory Integrity Control (MIC) are being described, which are based on Mandatory Access Control (MAC) strategies. Additionally, high-security methodologies and concepts, e.g., MILS and security kernels, are highlighted. In the examples given, software separation, which enhances overall security, is achieved by using SELinux mechanisms in the modules (virtual machines) atop a separation kernel.
Electric energy converter development and diagnostics in mixed-signal simulation environment
Authors: Kohlrusz Gábor , Enisz Krisztián , Csomós Bence , Fodor Dénes
Published: April 2018

In this work the input and output capacitors of a digitally controlled Buck converter have been tested in 4 different cases with unused and worn out capacitors. The information extracted from interactions between the subsystems of an electric energy conversion system requires the implementation of the whole system from network to load. A complex simulation environment has been implemented where digital and analogue domains can be connected. The input and output capacitor aging have a significant influence on time domain characteristics, but the evaluation of frequency-domain data is supposed to be required to extract information from the noisy and distorted time-domain signal. The presented diagnostic approach aims to analyze signals that are used by the control loop in order to avoid expensive additions to existing circuits.
Hardware-in-the-loop test based non-intrusive diagnostics of cyber-physical systems using microcontroller debug ports
Authors: Scherer Balázs
Published: April 2018

Cyber-physical systems have extensive contact with the physical world. Usually during the development of these systems, the testing phase cannot be done efficiently or safely in the complete real environment, and therefore HIL (Hardware In the Loop) simulators are used. During HIL testing, diagnostic protocols are used very often to gather detailed information about the DUT’s (Device Under Test) internal state. Diagnostic protocols are very useful during testing, but they cause a significant load to the DUT. This paper introduces a novel approach to replace traditional diagnostic protocols with a non-intrusive solution. The presented method is based on the debug capabilities of modern ARM Cortex M core microcontroller, and uses a CMSIS-DAP (Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard Debug - Access Port) based interface. This paper also introduces a solution to integrate this non-intrusive measurement method to NI LabVIEW based test environments and NI VeriStand based HIL simulations. 
Analysis of the RBF ANN-based classifier for the diagnostics of electronic circuit
Authors: Bilski Piotr , Polok Bartosz
Published: April 2018

The paper presents the application of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to the diagnostics of the analog circuit. Such networks are in most cases useful in the approximation tasks as the alternative to multilayered perceptrons (MLP) or Support Vector Machines (SVM). In this work the analysis of various RBF ANN-based classifier configurations for the fault detection and identification module are is conducted. The considered parameters included the optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer, coding schemes for the output layer neurons and operation duration during the training and testing the classifier. The efficiency of the diagnostic system is verified using the fifth order lowpass filter. The circuit was also analyzed in terms of the testability, depending on the set of accessible nodes, confronted against the output node only. Experiments cover also accuracy comparison between the RBF, MLP and SVM classifiers. Results show advantages and drawbacks of the RBF ANN-based diagnostic module, compared to other available solutions.
The Use of Emergency Physicians to Deliver Anesthesia for Orthopaedic Surgery in Austere Environments
Authors: Pierre Ogedad , Lovejoy John F. , Stanton Robert , Skupski Richard , Previl Harold , Bernard Jerry , Losonczy Lia , Walsh Mark
Published: April 2018

Background:

Five billion people, primarily in low-income and middle-income countries, cannot access safe, affordable surgical and anesthesia care, particularly for orthopaedic trauma. The rate-limiting step for many orthopaedic surgical procedures performed in the developing world is the absence of safe anesthesia. Even surgical mission teams providing surgical care are limited by the availability of anesthesiologists. Emergency physicians, who are already knowledgeable in airway management and procedural sedation, may be able to help to fulfill the need for anesthetists in disaster relief and surgical missions.

Methods:

Following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, an emergency physician was trained using the Emergency Physician’s General Anesthesia Syllabus (EP GAS) to perform duties similar to those of certified registered nurse anesthetists. The emergency physician then provided anesthesia during surgical mission trips with an orthopaedic team from February 2011 to March 2017, in Milot, Haiti. This is a descriptive overview of this training program and prospectively collected data on the cohort of patients whom the surgical mission teams treated in Haiti during that time frame.

Results:

A single emergency physician anesthetist provided anesthesia for 71 of the 172 orthopaedic surgical cases, nearly doubling the number of cases that could be performed. This also allowed the anesthesiologists to focus on pediatric and more difficult cases. Both immediately after the surgical procedure and at 1 year, there were no serious adverse events for cases in which the emergency physician provided anesthesia.

Conclusions:

Given emergency physicians’ baseline training in airway management and sedation, well-supervised and focused extra training under the vigilant supervision of a board-certified anesthesiologist may allow emergency physicians to be able to safely administer anesthesia. Using emergency physicians as anesthetists in this closely supervised setting could increase the number of surgical cases that can be performed in a disaster setting.
Mortality Following Periprosthetic Proximal Femoral Fractures Versus Native Hip Fractures
Authors: Boylan Matthew R. , Riesgo Aldo M. , Paulino Carl B. , Slover James D. , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: April 2018

Background:

The number of periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures is expected to increase with the increasing prevalence of hip arthroplasties. While native hip fractures have a well-known association with mortality, there are currently limited data on this outcome among the subset of patients with periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures.

Methods:

Using the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, we identified patients from 60 to 99 years old who were admitted to a hospital in the state with a periprosthetic proximal femoral fracture (n = 1,655) or a native hip (femoral neck or intertrochanteric) fracture (n = 97,231) between 2006 and 2014. Within the periprosthetic fracture cohort, the indication for the existing implant was not available in the data set. We used mixed-effects regression models to compare mortality at 1 and 6 months and 1 year for periprosthetic compared with native hip fractures.

Results:

The risk of mortality for patients who sustained a periprosthetic proximal femoral fracture was no different from that for patients who sustained a native hip fracture at 1 month after injury (3.2% versus 4.6%; odds ratio [OR], 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 1.19; p = 0.446), but was lower at 6 months (3.8% versus 6.5%; OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.95; p = 0.020) and 1 year (9.7% versus 15.9%; OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.85; p < 0.001). Among periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures, factors associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality at 1 year included advanced age, male sex, and higher Deyo comorbidity scores.

Conclusions:

In the acute phase, any type of hip fracture appears to confer a similar risk of death. Over the long term, however, periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures are associated with lower mortality rates than native hip fractures, even after accounting for age and comorbidities.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Determination of Elbow Laxity in a Sequential Soft-Tissue Injury Model
Authors: Schnetzke Marc , Bergmann Moritz , Wegmann Kilian , Müller Lars-Peter , Grechenig Stephan , Grützner Paul-Alfred , Guehring Thorsten
Published: April 2018

Background:

The objective of our study was to analyze, under fluoroscopy, joint angulation of uninjured elbows and elbows with distinct induced collateral ligament injury.

Methods:

Twelve elbow specimens were tested for varus and valgus joint angulation using 4 different examination methods (application of both varus and valgus stress by each of 2 examiners [Examiner 1 and Examiner 2] and application of 1 and 2 Nm of torque using a calibrated electric force scale) in 4 elbow positions (in full extension with 90° of supination and 90° of pronation, and in 30° of flexion with 90° of supination and 90° of pronation). Six elbow specimens were examined under varus stress at each of 5 sequential stages: (1) intact, (2) transection of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL), (3) complete transection of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC), (4) transection of the anterior aspect of the capsule (AC), and (5) transection of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). An additional 6 elbow specimens were examined under valgus stress at 5 sequential stages: (1) intact, (2) transection of the anteromedial collateral ligament (AML), (3) complete transection of the MCL, (4) transection of the AC, and (5) transection of the LCLC. Examinations under fluoroscopy were made to measure the joint angulation. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated.

Results:

Testing of the intact elbow specimen by both examiners showed a joint angulation of <5°. Transection of the LUCL led to a varus joint angulation of 4.3° to 7.0°, and transection of the AML resulted in a valgus joint angulation of 4.9° to 8.8°. Complete dissection of the respective collateral ligament complex resulted in a joint angulation of 7.9° to 13.4° (LCLC) and 9.1° to 12.3° (MCL), and additional transection of the AC led to a joint angulation of >20° in some positions in both the medial and the lateral series. Under varus stress, elbow dislocations occurred only after dissection of the LCLC+AC (26% of the examinations) and additional dissection of the MCL (59%). Under valgus stress, elbow dislocations occurred only after dissection of the MCL+AC (30%) and additional dissection of the LCLC (47%). Very good to excellent ICCs were found among Examiners 1 and 2 and the tests done with the standardized torques at stages 1 through 4.

Conclusions:

Dynamic fluoroscopy makes it possible to distinguish among different stages of collateral ligament injury of the elbow and therefore might be helpful for guiding treatment of simple elbow dislocations.

Clinical Relevance:

Assessment of collateral ligament injury with varus and valgus stress testing under fluoroscopy is an easily available method and is often used as the imaging modality of choice to determine the degree of elbow laxity. The technique and results described in this study should form the basis for additional clinical studies.
Studi Kasus Analisis Kegagalan Material Piston Sepeda Motor
Authors: Munaji Munaji , Winardi Yoyok
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the failure anaylisis on the motorcycle’s piston.The analysis procedure consists of physical observation (metallography), mechanical testing (hardness testing, and chemical composition testing (spectrometry). Result physcal observation shows there are scratches and changes in color on the surface of the piston wall. Based on spectrometer test, piston is  made from Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy with AA336.0 series. Hardness vickers testing showed the distribution ofHVN  on the walls and heads of pistonare not decrease significantly. Hardness on the head of piston is 136.06 HVN, while on the wall of piston is 134.3 HVN. Based on the analysis, the failure is  caused by lubrication failure that causes piston over heat and burning.
Model Energi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya di Pulau Giliyang Madura
Authors: Nurhadi Nurhadi , Ali M Mochammad , Rahuna Daif , P. Fitri Sutopo
Published: April 2018

Giliiyang Island is a famous island that has the highest oxygen content in the world, and very beautiful sea, but the location is far from PLN / elctictric grid system. It is necessary to develop environmentally friendly alternative energy. One of alternative energy offered is solar energy. Solar energy is energy that’s form of light and heat from the sun. This energy can be utilized using a range of technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal power, solar architecture, and artificial photosynthesis. Based on the calculation is known that the electrical energy demand for Giliiyang Island is around 1984 kWh. The design of two off-grid solar power systems which each capacity about 1 MWp will require 3000 m2 of land with 780 solar panels that have an intensity of 800 W / m2. Deep cycle battery with 24 V DC 200 AH as storage media required about 504 pieces.
PAISAGENS: DIVERSOS OLHARES NAS VIAGENS RODOVIÁRIAS/ Landscape: different looks on road trips
Authors: Oliveira Neto Thiago
Published: April 2018

As viagens de ônibus entre os lugares perpassam pelas mais diversas formações geomorfológicas, algumas naturais, constituídas pelas serras, montanhas, vales, planícies, outras representadas por ambientes urbanos e aqueles transformados pela ação humana. Esses elementos, presentes ao longo das rodovias são observados pelos viajantes que, de dentro do ônibus ou outro veículo, percebem as formas presentes e visíveis. É nesse contexto, que se elabora este artigo, com destaque para o transporte rodoviário de passageiros e as paisagens, como entes presente, que acabam propiciando o deslocamento de pessoas entre rodoviárias e entre lugares, que muitas vezes são escolhidos pelas suas paisagens com o objetivo de satisfazer uma necessidade subjetiva.
OS RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS COMO CONDICIONANTE DE DOENÇAS NA CIDADE DE MANAUS – AM/ Solid urban waste as conditioning of diseases in the city of Manaus-AM
Authors: Pereira Ulliane de Amorim , Cíntia Aleixo Natacha Regina
Published: April 2018

Este estudo analisa a ocorrência da disposição final ambientalmente inadequada dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade de Manaus, tal prática realizada sem critérios ambientais adequados se torna um condicionante de doenças, implicando na saúde e na qualidade de vida da população. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a problemática dos resíduos sólidos na cidade de Manaus e identificar sua interferência na saúde humana. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base na bibliografia especializada sobre o tema e a realização de trabalho de campo na cidade de Manaus, além de coleta de dados no DATASUS e IBGE. A precária aplicabilidade das políticas públicas resulta na degradação de alguns ambientes em Manaus, sendo identificados comumente em alguns espaços da cidade durante realização de trabalho de campo, apresentando a existência de lixeiras com excesso de material depositado e resíduo dispostos inadequadamente nos igarapés urbanos da cidade. Também se verificou que a espacialização da problemática dos resíduos sólidos não ocorre de forma homogênea na cidade, estando mais presente nas áreas periféricas. Além disso, verificou-se que a cidade apresenta o total elevado de casos de doenças que têm como condicionante socioambiental a disposição inadequada do resíduo, especialmente a Leptospirose. Conclui-se assim que o resíduo e a respectiva disposição inadequada do mesmo atuam como um condicionante de doenças na cidade de Manaus, estando as ocorrências ligadas a precariedade da gestão e gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade.