bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Machine Learning Stability in Predicting Depression and Anxiety Amidst Subjective Response Errors
Authors: Ku Wai Lim , Min Hua
Published: November 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) exert significant burdens on individuals and society, underscoring the importance of accurate predictions using advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms. Leveraging electronic health records (EHRs) and survey data, these algorithms offer potential in forecasting such mental health conditions. Yet, the precision of these predictions can be compromised by biases or inaccuracies inherent in subjective survey responses.

In this research, we assess the reliability of four prominent ML algorithms—Random Forest, XGBoost, Logistic Regression, and Naïve Bayesian—in predicting MDD and GAD. Our dataset encompasses a rich array of information, from biomedical metrics and demographic details to self-reported survey insights. A focal point of our investigation is the algorithms' performance under scenarios with varying degrees of subjective response inaccuracies, such as memory recall biases or subjective interpretation. Our findings reveal that while all algorithms exhibit commendable accuracy with pristine survey data, their performance diverges when faced with erroneous or biased responses. Notably, XGBoost remains stable and excels in identifying true positive cases, even in the presence of such noise.

These observations underscore the criticality of algorithmic resilience in mental health prediction, especially when relying on subjective data. The robustness of certain algorithms to noisy inputs positions them as more reliable choices for predicting mental health conditions based on self-reported data, emphasizing the need for careful algorithm selection in such contexts.
Exploring Polygonal Number Sieves through Computational Triangulation
Authors: Abramovich Sergei
Published: November 2023

The paper deals with exploration of subsequences of polygonal numbers of different sides derived through step-by-step elimination of terms of the original sequences. Eliminations are based on special rules similarly to how the classic sieve of Eratosthenes was developed through the elimination of multiples of primes. These elementary number theory activities, appropriate for technology-enhanced secondary mathematics education courses, are supported by a spreadsheet, Wolfram Alpha, Maple, and the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. General formulas for subsequences of polygonal numbers referred to in the paper as polygonal number sieves of order k that include base-two exponential functions of k have been developed. Different problem-solving approaches to the derivation of such and other sieves based on the technology-immune/technology-enabled framework have been used. The accuracy of computations and mathematical reasoning is confirmed through the technique of computational triangulation enabled by using more than one digital tool. A few relevant excerpts from the history of mathematics are briefly featured.
Remote Sensing Data as An Effective Tool for Evaluation of Ancient Khorasan and Modern Kabot Spring Wheat Varieties under Different Tillage
Authors: Balážová Kristýna , Kumhálová Jitka , Chyba Jan
Published: November 2023

With the changing climate, there is an increasing emphasis on drought-resistant varieties including the ability to maintain quality production. As there is also interest in ancient wheat varieties, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ancient Khorasan (Kamut ®) with the modern Kabot spring wheat variety using remote sensing data. Images from unmanned aerial vehicles during four growing seasons were processed. Based on vegetation indices, the growth of these varieties and their response to meteorological conditions were evaluated, as well as the ability to resist drought and higher temperatures with respect to specific soil conditions under conventional (CT), minimum (MTC) and minimization (MTD) tillage. It was found that the Khorasan had the lowest values of the vegetation indices on the CT variant in the dry years 2022 and 2023. On the contrary, in the previous wet years 2020 and 2021, both varieties showed similar results. Regarding to water stress, the CT variant was also the least suitable for ancient Khorasan (average CWSI = 0.38). On the contrary, this variant seems to be suitable for the modern Kabot variety (CWSI = 0.29), while no significant difference between tillage variants was found for this variety. In general, water stress was easily detectable by the observed parameters in the growth phase of stem elongation (R2 up to 0.88).
Disposition Kinetics of Cathinone and Its Metabolites after Oral Administration in Rats
Authors: Sabei Fahad Y. , Khardali Ibrahim , Al-Kasim Mohamed A. , Shaheen Emad S. , Oraiby Magbool , Alamir Ahmad , Banji David , Alshahrani Saeed , Jali Abdulmajeed , Attafi Mohammad , Albeishy Mohammed Y. , Attafi Ibraheem
Published: November 2023

Cathinone is a natural stimulant found in Catha edulis and commonly used in new psychoactive substances. The objective of this study was to examine the disposition kinetics and metabolic profile of cathinone and its metabolite cathine through a single oral dose of cathinone administration in rats. Cathine and cathinone concentrations were identified and quantified using ion trap liquid chromatography (LC-IT/MS), while the metabolic profile was determined using the quadrupole time of flight UPLC-QTOF/MS method in the serum, brain, lung, liver, kidney, and heart over a period of 0, 0.5, 2.5, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The findings revealed a dynamic interplay between the pharmacokinetics of cathinone and its impact on organ-specific biomarkers. The distribution of cathinone and cathine was determined in serum, brain, heart, lung, kidney, and liver. The highest concentration of cathinone was found in the kidney at 1438.6 ug/L. It gradually decreased to 1.97 within 48 hours and disappeared after 72 hours. Within half an hour, cathinone levels in the lungs, liver, and heart were found to be 859, 798.9, and 385.8 ug/L, respectively. However, within 2.5 hours, these levels decreased to 608.1, 429.3, and 309.1 ug/L and kept decreasing until they became undetectable after 24 hours. The concentration of cathinone in the rat brain reduces quickly, dropping to undetectable levels within six hours, with levels decreasing from 712.7 ug/L after just 30 minutes. In the brain and serum, cathine reached its highest levels at 2.5 hours, while in other organs, it peaked at 0.5 hours. This indicates that the conversion of cathinone to cathine is slower in the brain and serum. The study found that cathinone's pharmacokinetics have a significant impact on organ-specific biomarkers. After administering the cathinone, there was a sharp change in biomarker levels, particularly in the liver and brain, during the initial hours. It is essential to investigate the correlation between the changes in biomarkers found in the brain and the levels of cathinone and cathine. The results have significant implications for drug development, pharmacovigilance, and clinical practices involving cathinone. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis of cathinone's impact on organ-specific biomarkers provides a basis for informed decision-making in medical practices and further research into the cathinone's pharmacological properties.
Sulfolane analysis in environmental samples: A critical review
Authors: Kobarfard Merrik , Górecki Tadeusz
Published: November 2023

Sulfolane, a highly water-soluble industrial solvent, has raised environmental concerns due to its persistence once released into the environment. To assess the extent of contamination effectively, reliable analytical methods are essential. In this review, we delve into the published literature on sulfolane analytical procedures. Existing guidelines for sampling from environmental matrices provide a solid foundation for sul-folane analysis. Notably, there is little variation in the choice of determination method, with GC-MS or GC-FID being favored across studies. However, substantial variability emerges in sample prep-aration methods. Many procedures rely on large quantities of environmentally hazardous solvents, such as dichloromethane, during extraction. Nevertheless, by incorporating extraction enhancement techniques proposed in various studies, it is possible to develop more eco-friendly extraction processes. Overall, this field calls for further re-search to devise efficient and environmentally sustainable analytical methods for sulfolane analysis. Through this review, insights into the challenges at hand and potential solutions can be gained, offering a foundation for the development of novel sulfolane analysis methods applicable to a range of environmental matrices.
Wharton’s Jelly Tissue Allograft for Connective Tissue Defects Surrounding Nerves in the Tarsal Tunnel: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Bruton Ronald , Gilliland Tracie , Shou John , Lambert Naomi , Woods Crislyn , Barrett Tyler
Published: November 2023

Background Caused by age or trauma, collapsed connective tissue can cause nerve entrapment and damage within the tarsal tunnel. With an unknown incidence rate, tarsal tunnel syndrome is relatively underdiagnosed, and current literature is inconclusive on best practices for patient care. While most standard treatments involve symptom management, this retrospective case series highlights a novel approach, targeting the damaged tissues surrounding the nerves and replacing the structural cushioning with a Wharton’s jelly tissue allograft. Methods This cohort was selected from the retrospective repository at Regenativelabs. The eight selected patients had tarsal tunnel-related defects from four clinical sites. Patient outcomes were tracked on a 90-day calendar utilizing the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC). All patients had failed standard care practices for at least six weeks. Each patient received one 2mL application of 150mg minimally manipulated Wharton’s jelly tissue allograft to strategic sites around the affected tarsal tunnel. No patients experienced adverse reactions. Red light and laser therapies were recommended post-application. Results The percent change of improvement in patient pain scales was calculated with the cohort averages at initial application, 30-day follow-up, and 90-day follow-up appointments. All patients reported decreased pain on both scales. Percent change calculated from the initial application to the 90-day follow-up showed an improvement of 59.43% in NPRS and a 37.58% improvement in WOMAC. Conclusions Given the reported pain improvements on various pain rating scales, this study provides evidence that WJ allograft applications are safe, minimally invasive, and efficacious for patients who have failed standard care treatments for connective tissue defects associated with Tarsal Tunnel syndrome. The results of this study warrant further research to confirm the efficacy of Wharton's jelly added to conservative care protocols to clarify WJ allograft application's optimal dose, protocol, and durability.
The Role of Vegetation Monitoring in the Conservation of Coastal Habitats N2000: A Case Study of a Wetland Area in Southeast Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Sciandrello Saverio , Ranno Veronica , Tomaselli Valeria
Published: November 2023

The coastal wetlands of the Mediterranean area are among the most vulnerable and threatened environments due to human pressure and activities. Fragmentation is generally considered as one of the most driving factors in habitats loss. In this paper, we investigated the floristic composition, structure, conservation status, and trends of the habitat types sensu 92/43EEC Directive of a coastal wetland area in south-eastern Sicily (“Saline di Priolo” SAC). Based on 128 phytosociological surveys and several plant collections, a total of 304 taxa, 28 plant communities and 16 habitats have been identified. Furthermore, three new plant associations were described, including two in the wetland and one on the rocky coasts. For the classification of plant communities and habitats, a hierarchical clustering was performed by using Euclidean coefficient and beta-flexible algorithm. The life form spectrum of the current ﬂora highlights the dominance of therophytes and hemicryptophytes. The Mediterranean species are largely prevailing with 123 taxa. The cartographic analysis performed with ArcGis 10.3 shows a radical reduction of the wetland habitats in the last 70 years, and a strong alteration of the ecological succession of the psammophilous-hygrophilous vegetation. Moreover, landscape configuration of the coastal vegetation and habitat types was well highlighted by a set of specific landscape metrics. In particular, our outcomes identify three habitats (2110, 2210, and 5220* EU code) with bad conservation status, among which one of priority conservation (Zyziphus arborescent matorral), that requires urgent restoration measures.
SMART Method Based Optimal Control of AGC for Two-Area Interconnected Power System
Authors: Singh Vinay Pratap , Waghmare A. V. , Meena V. P. , Yadav U. K. , Varshney T.
Published: November 2023

Automatic generation control (AGC) plays a vital role in creating an equilibrium between generated output power and load demand, in order to maintain frequency at desired value. This study focuses on performance analysis of simple-multi attribute rating technique (SMART) assisted proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller design for AGC of two interconnected power systems. PID controller is designed by minimizing frequency variations, area control errors for area-1 and area-2, and tie-line power deviation. An objective function is framed considering error minimization of aforementioned factors as sub-objectives. The construction of objective function involves using the integral of time-multiplied absolute error (ITAE) for frequency deviations for area-1 and area-2, ITAE for deviation in tie-line power, and ITAEs for area control errors for area-1 and area-2 as sub-objective functions. By assigning appropriate weights to these sub-objective functions, an overall objective function is formed. This study determines these weights in an organized manner using SMART method, rather than randomly/equally assigning them. Overall objective function is minimized using Jaya algorithm. To demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed Jaya-based PID controller, its performance is analysed and compared with controllers tuned using other optimization algorithms, including sine cosine, Luus-Jaakola, teacher-learner based optimization, Nelder-Mead simplex, and elephant herding optimization. Considering six different case studies that consider a range of load variations, responses for fluctuations in frequency and tie-line exchange are plotted. Statistical and non-parametric analysis performed further provide additional insights into the performance of Jaya-based PID controller.
The Impact of the Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability on the Dynamical Processes and Ozone Layer in the Arctic Atmosphere
Authors: Jakovlev Andrew R. , Smyshlyaev Sergei P.
Published: November 2023

Tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability, mainly driven by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), influences the atmospheric circulation and hence the transport of heat and chemical species in both the troposphere and stratosphere. This paper uses Met Office, ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalysis data to examine the impact of SST variability on the dynamics of the polar stratosphere and ozone layer over the period 1980 to 2020. Particular attention is paid to studying the differences in the influence of different types of ENSO (East Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP)) for the El Niño and La Niña phases. It is shown that during the EP El Niño, the zonal wind weakens more strongly and changes direction more often than during the EP El Niño, and the CP El Niño leads to a more rapid decay of the polar vortex (PV), an increase in stratospheric air temperature and an increase in the concentration and total column ozone than during EP El Niño. For the CP La Niña, the PV is more stable, which often leads to a significant decrease in Arctic ozone. During EP La Niña, powerful sudden stratospheric warmings are often observed, which lead to the destruction of PV and an increase in column ozone.
AI Assistance in Enterprise Workflows: Enhancing Design Brief Creation for Designers
Authors: Zhu Zijian , Lee Hyemin , Cai Pengyu , Pan Younghwan
Published: November 2023

This study examines the impact of GenAI tools on the daily tasks of designers within corporations. It investigates both the operational changes and employee anxieties regarding job security. The research employs a qualitative approach: one without the use of ChatGPT and one with its use. The findings indicate significant improvements in operational experience and subjective perceptions across various tasks, as demonstrated through a user experience map. Moreover, the study highlights the potential of AI for enhancing managerial efficiency, streamlining workflows, and improving collaboration. However, it also addresses challenges concerning information authenticity, copyright protection, and professional identity. The goal of this study is to comprehend AI's current role in businesses, evaluate its effects on designers, and offer balanced recommendations that emphasize the integration of AI thinking into future corporate workflows from a human-centric perspective.
Enhancing Mechanical Strength of Photocurable 3D Printing Resin Through Potassium Titanate Additive
Authors: Jeong Soon-ki , Cho Namchul , Choi Yura , Kim Jinyoung , Lee Choongjae , Lee Geonho
Published: November 2023

Advancements in 3D printing technologies have led to new implementations in rapid prototyping, microfluidics, tooling, dentistry, biomedical devices, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Stereolithography techniques, which are photopolymerization-based processes, contribute to the optical, chemical, and mechanical properties of 3D printed materials using versatile polymer chemistry. This study used potassium titanate powder (K2Ti8O17) as an additive to enhance the mechanical strength of photocurable resins. PEG was selected as the stabilizer to optimize the dispersion and precipitation of potassium titanate. The flexural strength, hardness, and tensile strength were compared to assess the mechanical strength of the 3D printing resin. The flexural strengths of the printed specimens were in the range of 15–39 N/mm2. The measured surface hardness and tensile strength were 41–80 HV and 2.3–15 N/mm2, respectively. The output resolution of the potassium titanate/acrylate resin was tested using a line-pattern structure. 3D printing resin without stabilizers produced lines with a thickness of 0.3 mm, whereas 3D printing resin containing a stabilizer produced lines with a thickness of 0.2 mm. The flexural strength and pattern thickness results suggest that the potassium titanate/acrylate resin can be utilized as a 3D printer resin, suggesting new possibilities for potassium titanate materials.
Impact of Carbon Fixation, Distribution and Storage on Terpene Production in Euryhaline Cyanobacteria
Authors: Vincent Marine , Blanc-Garin Victoire , Chenebault Célia , Cirimele Mattia , Farci Sandrine , Garcia-Alles Luis Fernando , Cassier-Chauvat Corinne , Chauvat Franck
Published: November 2023

Terpenes are high-value chemicals which can be produced by engineered cyanobacteria from sustainable resources, solar energy, water and CO2. We previously reported that the euryhaline unicellular cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803 (S.6803) and Synechococcus PCC 7002 (S.7002) produce farnesene and limonene, respectively, more efficiently than other terpenes. In the present study, we attempted at enhancing farnesene production in S.6803 and limonene production in S.7002. Practically, we tested the influence of key cyanobacterial enzymes acting in carbon fixation (RubisCO, PRK, CcmK3 and CcmK4), utilization (CrtE, CrtR and CruF) and storage (PhaA and PhaB) on terpene production in S.6803, and we compared some of the findings with the data obtained in S.7002. We report that the overproduction of RubisCO from S.7002 and PRK from Cyanothece PCC 7425 increased farnesene production in S.6803, but not limonene production in S.7002. The overexpression of the crtE genes (synthesis or terpene precursors) from S.6803 or S.7002 did not increased farnesene production in S.6803. In contrast, the overexpression of the crtE gene from S.6803, but not S.7002, increased farnesene production in S.7002, emphasizing the physiological difference between these two model cyanobacteria. Furthermore, the deletion of the crtR and cruF genes (carotenoid synthesis) and phaAB genes (carbon storage) did not increase the production of farnesene in S.6803. Finally, as a containment strategy of genetically modified (GMO) strains of S.6803 we report that the deletion of the ccmK3K4 genes (carboxysome for CO2 fixation) did not affect the production of limonene but decreased the production of farnesene in S.6803.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и субвариантов Omicron, находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 11 по 17 ноября 2023 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: November 2023

В обзоре представлена информация по циркулирующим в настоящее время вариантам вируса SARS-COV-2 Omicron вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), геномные последовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 11 по 17 ноября 2023 г.
English For Islamic Studies: Reading and Exercise Book
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Astutik Yuli , Astuti Ruli
Published: November 2023

We are delighted to provide this book, "English for Islamic Studies - Reading and Exercise Book" to our valued readers. This book aims to help readers comprehend and improve their English language skills in the context of Islamic studies. A thorough command of English is becoming increasingly crucial in a period of ever-increasing globalization, notably in Islamic studies.This book is intended for university students, high school students, and Islamic studies individuals who want to improve their English language skills while learning more about the Islamic religion's beliefs and teachings. Readers will be able to enhance their vocabulary in English while learning various areas of Islamic knowledge with the many reading texts given in this book.
ParaPET: non-invasive deep learning method for direct parametric PET reconstruction using histoimages
Authors: Vashistha Rajat , Moradi Hamed , Hammond Amanda , O’Brien Kieran , Rominger Axel , Sari Hasan , Shi Kuangyu , Vegh Viktor , Reutens David
Published: November 2023

Background
The indirect method for generating parametric images in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) involves the acquisition and reconstruction of dynamic images and temporal modelling of tissue activity given a measured arterial input function. This approach is not robust, as noise in each dynamic image leads to a degradation in parameter estimation. Direct methods incorporate into the image reconstruction step both the kinetic and noise models, leading to improved parametric images. These methods require extensive computational time and large computing resources. Machine learning methods have demonstrated significant potential in overcoming these challenges. but they are limited by the requirement of a paired training dataset. A further challenge within the existing framework is the use of state-of-the-art arterial input function estimation via temporal arterial blood sampling, which is an invasive procedure, or an additional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan for selecting a region where arterial blood signal can be measured from the PET image. We propose a novel machine learning approach for reconstructing high-quality parametric images from histoimages produced from time-of-flight PET data without requiring invasive arterial sampling, MRI scan or paired training data.
Result
The proposed is tested on a simulated phantom and five oncological subjects undergoing an 18F-FDG-PET scan of the brain using Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra. Kinetic parameters set in the brain phantom correlated strongly with the estimated parameters (K1, k2 and k3, Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91, 0.92 and 0.93) and a mean squared error of less than 0.0004. In addition, our method significantly outperforms (p < 0.05, paired t-test) the conventional non-linear least squares method in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio. At last, the proposed method was found to be 37% faster than the conventional method.
Conclusion
We proposed a direct non-invasive DL-based reconstruction method producing parametric images of higher quality. The use of histoimages holds promising potential for enhancing the estimation of parametric images, an area that has not been extensively explored thus far. The proposed method can be applied to subject-specific dynamic PET data alone.
Processing and modeling of mill scale strengthened ABS composites fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM): Effects of printing parameters
Authors: Tungtrongpairoj Jennarong , Doungkeaw Korbkaroon , Thavornyutikarn Boonlom , Suttipong Peeraphat , Uthaisangsuk Vitoon
Published: November 2023

Mill scale (MS) strengthened acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composite filaments were fabricated as an optional low-cost and sustainable feedstock material with enhanced strength using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. In the present study, the effects of the printing parameters on the mechanical properties of the printed ABS/1.0 vol% MS composites were evaluated. Test specimens of ABS/1.0 vol% MS composites were printed at temperatures of 240–280°C, printing speeds of 10–90 mm s− 1, and infill densities of 25–100%. The average maximum stress and modulus of ABS/1.0 vol% MS samples increased when the printing temperature was raised to 270°C while decreasing the printing speed, with numerous air gaps and pores found in the cross-sectional microstructures after failure at low infill density. High surface roughness of the printed ABS/1.0 vol% MS composites was observed by a 3D laser scanner when printing at high temperatures and speeds due to insufficient cooling. The printed composite microstructures were examined by X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT), and showed homogeneously dense particle dispersion in the entire printed part. Representative volume element (RVE) based modeling was conducted using real particle geometries from µCT. RVE simulations predicted high local stress distributions around mill scale particles and air gaps in the printed samples.
Deconfined quantum critical point lost in pressurized SrCu2(BO3)2
Authors: Sun Liling , Guo Jing , Wang Pengyu , Huang Cheng , Chen Bin-Bin , Hong Wenshan , Cai Shu , Zhao Jinyu , Han Jinyu , Chen Xintian , Zhou Yazhou , Li Shiliang , Wu Qi , Meng Zi Yang
Published: November 2023

In the field of correlated electron materials, the relation between the resonating spin singlet and antiferromagnetic states has long been an attractive topic for understanding of the interesting macroscopic quantum phenomena, such as the ones emerging from magnetic frustrated materials, antiferromagnets and high-𝑇c superconductors. SrCu2(BO3)2 is a well-known quantum magnet, and it is theoretically expected to be the candidate of correlated electron material for clarifying the existence of a pressure-induced deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP), featured by a continuous quantum phase transition, between the plaquette-singlet (PS) valence bond solid phase and the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase. However, the real nature of the transition is yet to be identified experimentally due to the technical challenge. Here we show the experimental results for the first time, through the state-of-the-art high-pressure heat capacity measurement, that the PS-AF phase transition of the pressurized SrCu2(BO3)2 at zero field is clearly a first-order one. Our result clarifies the more- than-two-decade-long debates about this key issue, and resonates nicely with the recent quantum entanglement understanding that the theoretically predicted DQCPs in representative lattice models are actually a first-order transition. Intriguingly, we also find that the transition temperatures of the PS and AF phase meet at the same pressure-temperature point, which signifies a bi-critical point as those observed in Fe-based superconductor and heavy-fermion compound, and constitutes the first experimental discovery of the pressure-induced bi-critical point in frustrated magnets. Our results provide fresh information for understanding the evolution among different spin states of correlated electron materials under pressure.
Mechanistic evaluation of anti-arthritic effects of campesterol through downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, MMP 3, COX I, and COX II
Authors: Nazir Sarwat , Mobashar Aisha , Anjum Irfan , Sharif Ali , Shabbir Arham , Chaudhary Waqas Ashraf , Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Aims
This research aimed to use a rat model of CFA-induced arthritis to evaluate the antiarthritic effects of Campesterol, a phytosterol with therapeutic promise for inflammatory ailments.
Methodology
: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats, with weight range 250–350 g, were randomly split into five groups (n = 6). Injection of CFA on Day 0 induced arthritis, and therapy began on Day 8 and continued until Day 28. The severity of paw edema and arthritic symptoms were measured on Days 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th. Blood was drawn after the sacrifice, and further tests included, X ray interpretation, haematological parameters, biochemical paramters, histopathological parameter, and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated that found to be significantly reduced. Moreover mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, MMP 3, COX I, COX II, and IL-4 were assesed by real time polymerase chain reaction and PGE2 level was also evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
The use of Campesterol significantly inhibited the progression of paw edema, culminating in a notable decrease in arthritic scor. Notably, campesterol treatment improved histopathological indicators overall. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, NF-kB, IL-6, COX II, and IL-1β were decreased while IL-4 level was increased in treated groups as compared to arthritic control group. Moreover, treatment with campesterol and piroxicam significantly reduced PGE2 level. Haemoglobin, Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet counts were almost restored in the treated groups. Other indicators such as total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and rheumatoid factor were found statistically insignificant.
Conclusion
Campesterol significantly possess significant antiarthritic and immunomodulatory properties by downregulating the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α, NF-kB, IL-6, COX II, and IL-1β and upregulating the IL-4 level.
Integrated urinary biomarkers can predict early acute kidney injury in children undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Miloševski-Lomić Gordana , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena , Paripović Dušan , Nikolovski Srđan , Lazić Jelena , Rodić Predrag , Vukmir Biljana , Mitrovic Jadranka , Petrović Ana , Peco-Antić Amira
Published: November 2023

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in pediatric oncology patients, most often caused by nephrotoxic drugs. We aimed to assess whether levels of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and Vanin-1 (VNN-1) could be early biomarkers for cytotoxic treatment induced AKI.
Material and methods
Children with different malignant diseases treated with cisplatin (CIS) or ifosfamide (IFO) were included. AKI was defined as at least 25% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by comparing baseline pretreatment eGFR value with the value acquired at 48h after the first or second chemotherapy cycle. Five serum and four urine samples were obtained immediately before and at 2h, 6h, 24h and 48h after treatment.
Results
Out of 38 patients, 12 (31.58%) experienced AKI within 2 days following the chemotherapy. A model of integrated parameters measured in urine showed significant diagnostic accuracy of pretreatment urine biomarkers (AUC 0.753), urine biomarkers measured 24 h after chemotherapy (AUC 0.712), as well as the ratio of urinary biomarkers measured 24h after chemotherapy adjusted according to urine creatinine concentrations compared to baseline (24 h/baseline ratios) (AUC 0.718) towards AKI prediction.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that the changes in urinary NGAL/creatinine, KIM-1/creatinine, L-FABP/creatinine and VNN-1/creatinine ratios, 24 h after CIS and/or IFO administration can be utilized to predict AKI in children undergoing chemotherapy. The use of model of integrated urine biomarkers could be a promising to predict AKI in patients receiving CIS and/or IFO containing chemotherapy.
SenPred: A single-cell RNA sequencing-based machine learning pipeline to classify senescent cells for the detection of an in vivo senescent cell burden
Authors: Bishop Cleo , Hughes Bethany , Davis Andrew , Milligan Deborah , Wallis Ryan , Philpott Michael , Wainwright Linda , Gunn David
Published: November 2023

Senescence classification is an acknowledged challenge within the field, as markers are cell-type and context dependent. Currently, multiple morphological and immunofluorescence markers are required for senescent cell identification. However, emerging scRNA-seq datasets have enabled increased understanding of the heterogeneity of senescence. Here we present SenPred, a machine-learning pipeline which can identify senescence based on single-cell transcriptomics. Using scRNA-seq of both 2D and 3D deeply senescent fibroblasts, the model predicts intra-experimental and inter-experimental fibroblast senescence to a high degree of accuracy (>99% true positives). We position this as a proof-of-concept study, with the goal of building a holistic model to detect multiple senescent subtypes. Importantly, utilising scRNA-seq datasets from deeply senescent fibroblasts grown in 3D refines our ML model leading to improved detection of senescent cells in vivo. This has allowed for detection of an in vivo senescent cell burden, which could have broader implications for the treatment of age-related morbidities.
Effect of bile duct resection on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic bile duct tumor thrombus
Authors: Yu Xi , Liang Qi-Zhi , Wang Jun-Long , Pei Yuchen , Cai Jian-Peng , Chen Liu-Hua , Liu Qi , Lan Tian , Chen Wei , Liang Li-Jian
Published: November 2023

Background
Surgical therapy is the most optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combined with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) patients. However, whether to perform bile duct resection (BDR) is still controversial. The purpose of this multicenter research is to compare the effect of BDR on the prognosis of extrahepatic BDTT patients.
Methods
We collected the data of 111 HCC patients combined with extrahepatic BDTT who underwent radical hepatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the Southwest Hospital of AMU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, and Fujian Provincial People Hospital from June 1, 2004 to December 31, 2021. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce the potential bias between two groups and balance the influence of confounding factors in baseline data. Then compare the prognosis between the two groups of patients. Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis to further determine the independent risk factors that influence the prognosis of HCC-BDTT patients.
Results
There were 38 patients in the BDR group and 73 patients in the NBDR group. Before and after IPTW, there were no statistical significance in OS, RFS and intraoperative median blood loss between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Before IPTW, the median postoperative hospital stay in the NBDR group was shorter (P = 0.046) and the grade of postoperative complications was lower than BDR group (P = 0.014). After IPTW, there was no difference in postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P > 0.05). The complication grade in the NBDR group was still lower than that in the BDR group (P = 0.046). The univariate analysis showed that TNM stage and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) were significantly correlated with OS (both P < 0.05). Preoperative AFP level, TNM stage and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were significantly correlated with postoperative RFS (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor TNM stage was an independent risk factor for the OS rate (P = 0.014). TNM stage, PNI and AFP were independent predictors of RFS after radical hepatectomy (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
For HCC-BDTT patients, hepatocellular carcinoma resection combined with choledochotomy to remove the tumor thrombus may benefit more.
Vaccination protects against mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Madrid Julian , Agarwal Prerana , Müller-Peltzer Katharina , Benning Leo , Selig Mischa , Diehl Philipp , Kalbhenn Johannes , Trummer Georg , Utzolino Stefan , Wengenmayer Tobias , Busch Hans-Jörg , Stolz Daiana , Rieg Siegbert , Panning Marcus , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian , Askani Esther
Published: November 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and organ protection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Methods: This retrospective, single-center cohort study included hospitalized COVID-19 patients with confirmed vaccination status and chest imaging data from July 2021 to February 2022. Outcomes such as mortality, ICU admission, and organ damage were evaluated using clinical data, chest CT scans, and laboratory parameters. Our study used logistic regression and advanced statistical methods, including LASSO regression to analyze differences in hospitalized COVID-19 patients based on vaccination status, adjusting for significant demographic parameters and confounding variables, with a focus on ICU admissions and mortality.Results: The study encompassed 167 patients (69% male, mean age 58 years, 95% CI [55; 60], 42% fully vaccinated) for data analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors, vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibited a significantly reduced relative risk for mortality (RR: 0.46, 95% CI [0.13; 0.99]) and ICU admissions (RR: 0.59, 95% CI [0.28; 0.89]) compared to their non-vaccinated counterparts. Additionally, vaccinated COVID-19 patients demonstrated significantly fewer pulmonary lesions (Cohen’s d: -0.38, 95% CI [-0.74; -0.02]), reduced instances of COVID-19-induced coagulopathy (RR: 0.26, 95% CI [0.00; 0.88]), and lower AST (Cohen’s d: -0.40, 95% CI [-0.69; -0.12]) and ALT levels (Cohen’s d: -0.45, 95% CI [-0.73; -0.17]). The number needed to treat to prevent one ICU admission among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was found to be as low as four. The protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination seems to amplify with the severity of the disease. The vaccination's protective effect was particularly pronounced in preventing ICU admissions among middle-aged patients (around 55 years old) (RR: 0.64, 95% CI [0.32; 0.99]). Type 2 diabetes emerged as a significant risk factor for increased mortality (OR: 3.02, 95% CI [1.24; 7.34]) and ICU admission (OR: 3.09, 95% CI [1.33; 7.57]).Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination may mitigate the risk of mortality, severe disease progression, and damage to the pulmonary, liver, and coagulation systems in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, particularly among middle-aged patients around 55 years old.
New isoindolinone derivatives isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Hericium coralloides
Authors: Chemutai Winnie Sum , Gonkhom Didsanutda , Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Stadler Marc , Ebada Sherif S.
Published: November 2023

Preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification of the ethyl acetate extracts derived from dried basidiomes of the European mushroom Hericium coralloides led to the identification of two previously undescribed isoindolinone derivatives named corallocins D and E (1–2). The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on HR-ESIMS (high-resolution electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy), interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, circular dichroism (CD) experiments, and comparisons with published and theoretical data. The metabolites were tested for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects in vitro where weak to moderate biological effects were observed against HeLa cells (KB 3.1), Mucor hiemalis and Bacillus subtilis.
What factors associate with medial meniscal extrusion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: An analytical observational study
Authors: Ito Ryu , Watanabe Shotaro , Horii Manato , Sakamoto Takuya , Toguchi Kaoru , Mikami Yukio , Nakajima Hirofumi , Kimura Seiji , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Ohtori Seiji , Sasho Takahisa
Published: November 2023

Background
Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) is a valuable clinical sign for early detection of osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) MME is a potential predictor of postoperative OA. We aimed to examine MME variations before and after ACLR including the influence of suture medial meniscus (MM) injuries.
Methods
We analysed 92 knees from 92 patients who underwent anatomic ACLR. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using 1-year post-operative MME as the dependent variable, and age, sex, body mass index, preoperative MME, and MM treatment as independent variables. MM treatment was categorised into three groups: no MM injury and no suture [N/N], MM injury but no suture [I/N], and MM injury and suture [I/S]. A paired t-test was performed on the three groups and all patients to compare the pre- and 1-year post-operative MME.
Results
The factors significantly affecting post-operative MME were preoperative MME (P = 0.004) and I/S (P < 0.001). Additionally, the paired t-test showed no significant differences between the pre- and post-operative MME in all groups. Pre- and post-operative MME in the N/N group were 1.89 ± 0.85 and 1.71 ± 0.49 mm (P = 0.17), respectively; in the I/N group, 1.87 ± 0.91 and 1.84 ± 0.73 mm (P = 0.91) respectively; and in the I/S group, 2.40 ± 1.14 and 2.80 ± 0.77 mm (P = 0.12), respectively.
Conclusions
Preoperative MME and I/S were significantly associated with greater MME after ACLR. The evaluation of post-ACLR outcomes using MME should consider preoperative MME and MM injuries that require suture.
Three-Dimensional Turbo-Spin-Echo Amide Proton Transfer-weighted and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging MRI assessing the Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shao Xiali , Xu Lianyan , Zhu Wei , Wang Haiyu , Luo Rongkui , Yang Chun , Ye Xiaodan , Zeng Mengsu , Chen Caizhong , Yue Xiuzheng , Bi Zhenghong , Lu Xin
Published: November 2023

Background：Accurate diagnosis of TNBC is essential before initiating therapeutic intervention.Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) MRI an alternative to breast biopsy for sub-typing of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI provides a new method for the diagnosis of TNBC.To investigate the potential of APTw MRI in assessing TNBC and to assess whether APTw MRI can enhance the diagnostic value of IVIM in breast MRI.
Methods This prospective study involved 115 patients with suspected breast tumors who underwent both breast APTw and IVIM MRI. The APTw, diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) values along with histological subtype, grade, and prognostic factors (Ki-67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), lymph node metastasis, and maximum lesion diameter) were compared. APT values were further analyzed in relation to biological subtypes, Ki-67 labeling index, and nuclear grades (NGs).
Results A total of 67 participants (mean age, 64 years, ranges 29-71) were included in the evaluation. The TNBC (3.52 ± 0.38%) exhibited significantly higher APT values compared to the luminal A-type cancers (2.16 ± 1.12%) (P = 0.04). The luminal B cancers showed significantly lower f and Dmax values than the TN-type cancers (P=0.007,0.010). The HER2 cancers showed significantly lower APT values than TN-type ones (P=0.010).The APT value were notably higher in high-Ki-67 (2.80±1.39%) than in low-Ki-67 cancers (2.20±1.88%) (P = 0.045). There are significant difference in APT value was observed between NG1, NG2 and NG3 cancers (P=0.049). And APT value was also significant difference in stages T1 cancers (P=0.027). The combined diagnostic efficiency between TNBC from Luminal A was 0.955.
Conclusion The combination of APTw and IVIM MRI holds promise for distinguishing TNBC by discerning molecular subtypes of breast cancers.
A high accuracy Stewart–lift platform based on a programmable logic controller – comparative case studies
Authors: Pawuś Dawid , Witek Michał , Klar Łukasz , Bochenek Krzysztof
Published: November 2023

This study presents a comprehensive examination of an advanced highaccuracy Stewart-Lift platform, coupled with an in-depth comparative analysis of its dynamic control mechanisms. The control system under scrutiny is driven by a programmable logic controller (PLC), showcasing its adaptability to industrial automation and robotics systems. The dynamic characteristics of the system are elucidated through a dynamic model formulated using the Lagrange method. The investigation delves into the properties of the system, emphasizing its real-world applicability, and substantiates its theoretical underpinnings through practical verification. Rigorous testing procedures were employed, and the obtained results were meticulously scrutinized using established quality indicators. The outcomes of these verification tests unequivocally affirm the system’s efficacy for diverse applications within the realm of industrial automation and robotics. This research contributes valuable insights into the utilization of advanced Stewart-Lift platforms, highlighting their potential as robust components in cutting-edge control systems.