bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What can a tandem of a pathophysiologist and a clinician bring to clinical practice?
Authors: Gozhenko A.I. , Ivanov D.D.
Published: June 2024

Kidney diseases, starting from acute kidney injury, acute kidney disease, or having an uncertain onset, often progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The pathomorphosis of this progression typically involves predominant damage to the glo­merulus, affecting either the glomerular filter or the tubules, primarily in the proximal part. International guidelines identify two key indicators for determining the prognosis and progression of CKD: albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate. Additional criteria, such as blood pressure, pathomorphological changes, or multifactorial calculators, are usually proposed for specific nosological forms. However, accurately predicting CKD progression remains a challenging issue. We propose using renal functional reserve to estimate the number of functioning nephrons. Together with blood pressure, degrees of albuminuria, and glomerular filtration rate, this approach provides a more accurate assessment of the future course of CKD.
Retrospective renal sonographic study: assessment of renal volume and resistance index
Authors: Denova L.D. , Ivanov D.D. , Shukht O.Y.
Published: June 2024

Background. Renal ultrasound is a convenient, safe, and affordable tool for visualization of the kidneys in the daily practice of nephrologists and doctors of other specialties. Kidney volume, which is calculated by the sonographic method, gives an idea about the state of the kidneys of the patient, but says almost nothing about their function. There are many studies of renal index of resistance (IR) as a marker of kidney function. IR values were compared with serum creatinine levels and/or histological data. And although conflicting research data limit the use of IR as a marker of kidney function, correct interpretation of IR helps restore it to the status of a candidate marker of kidney function. The purpose of the study: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the sonographic renal parameters in patients who sought outpatient medical care at the Brovary medical institution. Materials and methods. Retrospective randomized cohort study was conducted of sonograms of 66 outpatients who sought outpatient medical care at a private medical facility in Brovary from February 2022 to February 2024. They were divided into 2 groups: the first one (n = 31) — men and the second group (n = 35) — wo­men. Results. The results of multiple linear regression in the group 1 for right kidney (RK) showed that the independent variable in this model, RK thickness, is of low significance as a predictor for IR RK, and the following independent variables were not significant as predictors for IR RK: RK length, RK width, RK volume, age. Multiple linear regression results in the group 1 for left kidney (LK) indicate that the independent variable in this model, LK width, is moderately significant as a predictor for LK IR, and the following independent variables were not significant as predictors for LK IR: LK length, LK thickness, LK volume, age. Multiple linear regression results in the group 2 for RK showed that the independent variables in this model, RK width and age, are significant as predictors for IR RK, and the following independent variables were not significant as predictors for IR RK: RK length, RK thickness, RK volume. Multiple linear regression results in the group 2 for LK indicate that the independent variable in this model, LK width, is moderately significant as a predictor for LK IR, and the following independent variables were not significant as predictors for LK IR: LK length, LK thickness, LK volume, age. Conclusions. Renal ultrasound allows predicting the category of patients who will need a consultation with a nephrologist/urologist, identifying risk groups for chronic kidney disease.
Nephrological care in Ukraine during wartime: challenges and innovations
Authors: Shadoglan ogli Jabbarli Isa
Published: June 2024

The war in Ukraine has profoundly impacted the provision of nephrological care, presenting numerous challenges while also driving significant innovations. This study aims to analyze the availability and quality of nephrological care in Ukraine during wartime, focusing on chronic kidney disease stages 1–5D/T. The conflict has caused population displacement, restricted access to treatment, and disrupted healthcare logistics, adversely affecting nephrological care. Despite these challenges, the healthcare community has adapted through the implementation of virtual nephrology, incremental and extended dialysis regimens, and increased use of new therapy approaches. The war led to a decrease in the population and migration of medical personnel, particularly from southeastern to western Ukraine, causing staffing imbalances that were gradually addressed. Technological innovations, such as digital nephrobiopsy with immunohistochemical analysis and the use of cloud-based technology, allowed for rapid and remote diagnosis. Virtual healthcare and remote consultations ensured continuity of care, while kidney transplantation activities saw a notable increase, facilitated by advanced techniques and international aid. Despite initial logistical challenges and resource shortages, the resilience and adaptability of the Ukrainian nephrological care system have been evident. This study underscores the importance of robust contingency planning, international collaboration, and the adoption of innovative solutions to maintain healthcare delivery in conflict zones. The findings offer valuable insights into managing nephrological care under extreme conditions and highlight the potential for these innovations to improve care delivery globally.
KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Authors No
Published: June 2024

No abstract
Autologous vein graft in living donor kidney transplant (case report)
Authors: Solanki Parth Bharat
Published: June 2024

Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease, with vascular complications being a significant cause of graft dysfunction. Although many surgical methods are used to ensure the most effective possible vascular anastomosis, autologous saphenous vein grafting remains a less explored approach to renal transplantation. Chronic kidney disease often presents with complications related to impaired renal perfusion, necessitating interventions to improve blood flow to the kidneys. Herein, we present a case report detailing the utilization of autologous saphenous grafting to establish an anastomosis between the renal vein and external iliac vein in a patient with сhronic kidney disease with maintenance hemodialysis twice a week. This case report indicates the potential and prospective advantages of using autologous saphenous grafting for intricate renal vein reconstructions in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Descripción de la migración irregular en tránsito por el Estado de México
Authors: González-Becerril Juan Gabino
Published: June 2024

El propósito de este texto es exponer y describir la migración irregular a través de México, centrándonos específicamente en el Estado de México. Se argumenta que ha habido un aumento en la presencia de migrantes irregulares en el país, especialmente en el Estado de México y sus municipios. Se destaca principalmente la presencia de centroamericanos, seguidos por aquellos que provienen de Suramérica y las Islas del Caribe. También se ha observado una menor presencia de migrantes procedentes de Europa, África y Asia. Según los datos presentados, se ha identificado que alrededor de 170 países tienen como origen la migración irregular en México, de los cuales 30 han sido detectados en el Estado de México.
Air temperature perturbation in La Malinche volcano area, Tlaxcala, Mexican Highland
Authors: Muñoz Nava Hipólito , Chamizo Checa Silvia , Suárez Sánchez Juan , Otazo Sánchez Elena María , Gracía de Jesús Sandra , Barrientos Rivera Guillermina
Published: June 2024

Evaluating air temperature perturbation is important to know the anthropic activity's effect on the environmental system. The study case was La Malinche volcano, concerning the urban, agricultural, and forest environments. The air temperature data (average, maximum, minimum, standard deviation and range), was analyzed by prin- cipal components analysis (PCA), and the Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) test. Data analyses were made on a diurnal (warming and cooling rates), daily and monthly basis. The K-W test showed that warming and cooling rates are significantly different between the agricultural, urban, and forest zones, despite the north and south sides of La Malinche volcano had significant differences. The PCA indicated more perturbation concerning the cooling rates of air temperature among the environments than the warming rates. The average, maximum, and minimum air temperature of the urban environment and the standard deviation and range of the agricultural environment were the highest. The minimum air temperature changes more than the maximum in the volcano's urban, agricultural, and forest south side. The K-W test showed that the environmental conditions differed sig- nificantly based on average and maximum. The daily air temperature on the north side of La Malinche Volcano was very different from the south side. The PCA with average, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, and range showed that the environments are modified. The average monthly air temperature in the agricultural and forest areas was lower than average. Minimum air temperature increase was more accentuated in urban areas than in agriculture and forest areas and increased more than maximum.
Understanding the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Injury Induced by Bluetongue Virus in Experimentally Infected Sheep
Authors: Singh Deepti , Saminathan M. , Dinesh M. , Pavulraj S. , Milton A.A.P. , Dhama K. , Ranjith D. , Sharma G.K. , Singh Ayushi , Singh K.P.
Published: June 2024

Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important contagious viral disease transmitted by insect vectors of Culicoides species affecting both domestic and wild ruminants caused by Genus Orbivirus of Reoviridae family. Present in vivo study for the first time conducted to understand the role of oxidative stress and acute phase proteins in the pathogenesis of endothelial injury in target blood vessels of BTV-4 infected sheep. Twelve sheep of either sex were divided into two groups of six animals each and infected intradermally at multiple sites in the neck region with 6×105.9 TCID50/ml of BTV-4 and animals of control group were inoculated with uninfected tissue culture fluid. Animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 15, 28, 60, and 90 days post infection (dpi) and postmortem examination was conducted. Oxidative stress parameters like LPO, SOD, GPO and catalase in the blood vessels, hemolysate and serum were estimated. Oxidative stress parameter like LPO was upregulated and anti-oxidant parameters like SOD and GPO were downregulated in blood vessels homogenates, hemolysate and serum of BTV-4 infected animals than uninfected control. This shows the role of oxidative stress in causing endothelial cell damage during BTV infection. Acute phase proteins like CRP and fibrinogen in serum and plasma were estimated and found upregulated in BTV-4 infected animals, which shows that inflammatory changes during the disease causes vascular damage. Prothrombin time was estimated in plasma of BTV-4 infected animals and was prolonged in BTV infected animals indicating coagulation disorder. Increased oxidative stress and fibrinogen, and prolonged prothrombin time indicated the coagulation disorders induced by BTV infection by causing endothelial cell damage and severe vascular disease results in congestion, haemorrhages and edema in the blood vessels and other target organs in sheep.
The Impact of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Antibiotic Use, Resistance Patterns, and Cost in Madinat Zayed Hospital
Authors: ALakkad Ashraf , Ayaad Yazan , Hussain Zill Huma , Suleimen Egbal Mohmed , Alhomran Anas , Abdalla Hesham
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance and excessive antibiotic usage are a growing public health concern. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) aim to optimize antibiotic use and curb resistance. This retro-respective study evaluated the impact of an ASP at Madinat Zayed Hospital, Abu Dhabi (January 2021-December 2022). It analyzed electronic health records to assess the ASP's impact on antibiotic consumption, resistance patterns, and economic outcomes. Patients from intensive care units, medical wards, and outpatient settings were included, though patients admitted to obstetrics/gynaecology, paediatrics, neonatal intensive care, and surgical wards were excluded. The primary objective of this study was to report on the ASP experience and measure the prescribing appropriateness percentage of empirical antibiotic therapy along with the de-escalation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, after ASP implementation at Madinat Zayed Hospital in Al Dhafra Region, United Arab Emirates. The secondary objectives were to reflect on the rate of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs), total utilization using defined daily dose, and the total direct cost of antibiotics. Descriptive analysis, proportions, mean values, and percentage changes were employed for data analysis. The ASP achieved high compliance rates with restricted antibiotics (>90%) and approved guidelines (inpatient 97-100%, outpatient 93-98%). Antibiotic de-escalation rates were also high (>80%).  Significant reductions in use were observed for cefixime (91.3%), levofloxacin (46.3%), and several others. Notably, cefepime use increased (1137.5%). Direct antibiotic expenditure decreased by 2% (saving Dhs2.6 million), and resistance decreased in some bacteria. However, a concerning rise in ceftazidime resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified. This study concluded that the implementation of a new Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at Madinat Zayed Hospital demonstrated effectiveness in promoting responsible antibiotic use. The program achieved high compliance with restricted antibiotic use and approved guidelines, leading to significant reductions in overall antibiotic consumption.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, resistance, Multidrug-Resistant Organisms, de-escalation, consumption
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Anti Hyperlipidemic Activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Jain Tanya , Shrivastava Arpit , Jain Prateek , Jain Sunil , Jain Harshita
Published: June 2024

The current study's objective was to assess the antihyperlipidemic, in vitro antioxidant, and qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers hydroalcoholic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg in rats that were made hyperlipidemic by a high-fat diet. The Folins Ciocalteau reagent and the aluminium chloride method were used for the quantitative measurement of flavonoids and phenolics, respectively. Through phytochemical investigation, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, and steroids were found in the hydroalcoholic extracts of N. arbor-tristis flowers.  The hydroalcoholic extract flowers had a total phenolic content of 126.000 mg/gm, which was followed by flavonoids at 103.104 mg/gm. Hydroalcoholic extracts of flowers showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity in vitro against DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging test technique. In this investigation, rats were given a high-fat diet as part of an experimental induction procedure. By lowering LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels and raising HDL levels, the HANAT therapy and the medication atorvastatin dramatically reduce body weight. grew When hydroalcoholic flower extracts were given orally to animals that had been forced to become hyperlipidaemic due to a high cholesterol diet, the levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins were all much lower. The p value (p<0.001) indicated that the results were significant. The triton-induced study results indicate that animals treated with HANAT at dose levels of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg had considerably lower blood lipid parameters (p<0.01) than the control group; however, the 400 mg/kg of HANAT group animals showed significantly higher serum lipid parameters (p<0.001) than the control group. Additionally, a higher HDL level was noted at this time.
Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Physicochemical analysis, Antioxidant activity, DPPH. Antihyperlipidemic activity
Formulation and Optimization of Immediate Release Tablet of Sapropterin Dihydrochloride by Dry Granulation Process
Authors: Jena Tapan Kumar , Jat Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

The research aims to develop and evaluate an immediate-release dosage form of sapropterin dihydrochloride to improve efficacy, stability, and patient acceptance in treating hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), ensuring rapid therapeutic action upon administration. Formulation development began with a pre-formulation study to evaluate drug-excipient compatibility, solubility, and compressibility, followed by feasibility trials to create a prototype formulation. Dissolution tests and optimization methods, including DoE and OFAT, were employed to refine the formulation based on critical quality attributes. Process optimization involved identifying and fine-tuning critical parameters through sequential unit operations and risk assessments, ensuring uniformity and quality during scale-up for commercial production. The prototype formulation development for a tablet product based on the reference product Kuvan involved strategic excipient selection to meet critical quality attributes (CQA) and mitigate concerns like mottling. The formulation deviates from the reference by using LH 21 as a binder, colloidal silicon dioxide as a glidant, and omitting anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, with Mannitol SD (Pearlitol 200) chosen for its flowability and compressibility. The feasibility trial aimed at achieving pharmaceutical equivalence to Kuvan tablets, focusing on bioequivalence, stability, and API distribution, and involved top spray fluid bed granulation with roller compaction and blending identified as high-risk steps. Optimization of tablet formulation considered drug substance particle size, blend ratios, and excipient selection, with adjustments in intra and extra-granular ratios significantly impacting tablet characteristics.
Keywords: Immediate Release, Sapropterin Dihydrochloride, Dry Granulation Process
Characterization of Sapropterin Dihydrochloride Tablet
Authors: Jena Tapan Kumar , Jat Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Characterization of Kuvan tablets involved thorough analysis of physical, chemical, and dissolution properties. Formulation development encompassed pre-formulation studies, feasibility trials, and process optimization. Kuvan tablets demonstrated variability in sapropterin dihydrochloride concentration but rapid dissolution across different media. Consistent mechanical strength, low impurity levels, and appropriate pH values were observed, ensuring efficacy, safety, and reliability.
Keywords: Sapropterin dihydrochloride, Hyperphenylalaninemia, Kuvan tablets
An assessment of various disinfectants using the Kirby-Bauer Method with disc diffusion to determine their effectiveness against locally isolated pathogens
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Danish , Sabir Sawaira , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Anwar ul-Haq Huma , Khalid Rauf , Sharif Nadeem
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various disinfectants against locally isolated pathogens using the Kirby-Bauer Method with disc diffusion. Indigenous strains of Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, Campylobacter, Citrobacter freundii, and Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from the bacterial depository bank and sub-cultured on their respective selective media. A 0.5 McFarland Turbidity Standard was prepared, and eight commercially available disinfectants were tested for efficacy. The results of this study will inform the selection of appropriate disinfectants for use in preventing the spread of disease in various settings, including home sanitation, healthcare, and industrial manufacturing processes. The disinfectants used in this study produced different results against the targeted pathogens. Hydrogen peroxide and Formalin produced larger zones of inhibition, while Povidone Iodine and Hydrochloric acid produced intermediate zones. Ethanol, Methanol, and Dettol produced smaller .zones of inhibition. Benzalkonium Chloride was effective only against S. aureus, while all other indigenous isolates resisted it.
Keywords: Disinfectants, Sal. typhimurium, E.coli, Campylobacter, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus auerus,  Antibiotic sensitivity test
Stabilization of the pharmaceutical finished dosages form by using various techniques
Authors: Chandel Vikas , Singh Hemendra Pratap , Rarokar Nilesh , Wadher Kamlesh
Published: June 2024

The stabilization of pharmaceuticals means that the drug product is physically, chemically and microbiologically stable at the recommended storage condition throughout the predefined shelf life of the product. Pharmaceutical formulations irrespective of its physical states have been used for their efficacy and safety so for as its therapeutic activity is concern. Stability of dosage forms is the ability of drugs to remains unaffected by environmental condition viz. temperature, humidity and microbiological contamination. This research work is an attempt to stabilize the drug product at controlled room temperature for the drug product which is stable at refrigerated storage condition. Hence the aim of present study was development and stabilization of the drug product at room temperature. Investigation of alternate manufacturing processes for stabilization of the drug product at controlled room temperature was one of the objectives of the work.
Keywords: Stability, shelf life, lyophilization, freeze drying
Microsponge: A Review
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Rani Ritu , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Amar Pal
Published: June 2024

Microsponge are little spherical molecules with a broad porous surface that resemble sponges. The use of microsponges is a unique medication delivery method that has several benefits. For a range of illnesses, the Microsponges drug delivery system is utilized to improve the effectiveness of oral, parenteral, or topical medicine administration. A novel approach of managing drug release and administering medication to specific locations is microsponge technology. The efficient and novel way that microsponge medicine administration advances properties, boosts item stability, and improves security can all contribute to the effectiveness of topically dynamic operators.
In an effective and creative way, it can boost the efficiency of topically active medications while improving safety, product stability, and aesthetic qualities. Recently, microsponges, which are typically used topically, have also been employed for oral delivery. Microsponge Systems may suspend or trap a wide range of substances. They can also be integrated into a product that is made to resemble a gel, cream, liquid, or powder. Microsponge Systems are built on atomic, polymer-based microspheres. In topical medication solutions, microsponge technology has been employed to provide controlled release of active drug into the skin, therefore decreasing systemic exposure and local cutaneous responses to active pharmaceuticals. We will talk about microsponge's characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks as well as the drug release mechanism, formulation techniques, and assessment in this review paper.
Keywords: Microsponge, NDDS, Novel drug delivery system, MDS
Association between kidney dysfunction and electrolytes imbalance among HIV patients attending Muhororo District Hospital
Authors: Fabrice UWUMUREMYI , Angelique USENGIMANA , Jean de Dieu NDAYAMBAJE , Jean Chrysostome UWIHANGANYE , Jean Pierre UWIZEYIMANA , Innocent Nzabanterura , Alain Prudence Ishimwe
Published: June 2024

Background: Kidney diseases has been recognized as one of the challenging complications in HIV infected people. Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia are the most disturbed electrolytes associated with an increased risk of death both in hospitalized and in ambulatory HIV patients.
Aim: The study aimed to assess the association between renal dysfunction and serum electrolytes disorders among HIV infected patients.
Method: It was a retrospective study conducted at Muhororo district hospital from May up to July 2023. HIV infected patients were enrolled in the study and their serum creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride were tested and the results analyzed by using SPSS version 22. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significance.  
Result: Among 115 HIV infected patients, 67.8% were females and 32.1% were males. The Mean serum creatinine was elevated among HIV infected patients [1.01(mg/dl) ±0.27, 0.99(mg/dl) ±0.26], and 40.8% had hyponatremia, 8% had hypernatremia, 6% had hypokalemia 7.8% had hyperkalemia 17.3% had hypochloremia and 20% had hyperchloremia Mean serum sodium was slightly decreased [134.1(mmol/l) ±11.8], there was no change in mean of both serum K+ and CL_ [4.4 (mmol/l) SD±1 / 100.7(mmol/l) with SD±14.2 for serum Cl-]. Serum creatinine was significantly associated with Na+ and K+ [P=0.04, r=-0.19/ p=0.01, r= 0.22] however the correlation between Cl- and Serum creatinine was not statistically significant [P=0.3, r=-0.08].  
Conclusion: The study found elevated serum creatinine and, the weak correlation between creatinine and electrolytes in HIV infected patients on ART.  The present findings need to be confirmed with further studies with large sample size. HIV infected patients should change life style that predispose their health to the development of kidney diseases they must also stick on healthcare provider’s counselling.
Keywords: HIV, Kidney Dysfunction, Serum electrolytes.
Identification of Bacteria from Public Toilets of Modern Market (Goico) in Musanze Town, Rwanda
Authors: Julienne MUKANDAYISHIMIYE , Cedrick IZERE , ALAIN PRUDENCE ISHIMWE , Hyacinthe MUKASHEMA , Innocent NZABANTERURA , Jean Chrysostome UWIHANGANYE , Jean Baptiste HABANABAKIZE , Dary Lorraine KORINEZA
Published: June 2024

Background: Bacteria are present on all surfaces, to which they were carried by many direct and indirect methods of transmission. A toilet is simply a receptacle into which both solid and liquid waste of human origin, in the form of urine and excreta are discharged. In public toilets, complete strangers mix and use the same sanitary facilities, with all the related risks of bodily fluid exchange, contamination and organism transmission. Unhygienic use of the toilet’s facilities may cause urine and fecal residues after use to serve as a major reservoir or source of human pathogen, which may in turn bring about disease outbreak.
Aim: This study aimed at Identification of Bacteria from Public Toilets of Modern Market (Goico) In Musanze Town, Rwanda
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify bacteria from GOICO market toilets. About 40 samples; 20 from male and 20 from female toilets were collected and transported to INES-clinical microbiology laboratory for microbiological analysis. Laboratory techniques including culture, gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiogram were performed.
Results: The most predominant bacteria isolated was S. aureus (31.43%), followed by S. typhi  (20%), Streptococcus(15.71%), E. coli(12.86%), P. aeuriginosa(10%), P. mirabilis(7.14%), C. freundi(1.43%), S. epidermidis (1.43%). It was noted that female toilets were more contaminated (51.43%) than male toilets (48.57%). All gram positive and gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Gentamicin. Almost all bacteria except P. mirabilis were sensitive to Norfloxacin, gram negative showed a resistance to Vancomycin and Novobiocin.
Conclusion: These results should alert public toilets users that extreme caution must be executed while using these toilets, as they may be a source of pathogenic bacteria. The best way to keep a toilet and its seat free of bacteria is to clean it with bleach. Otherwise, keep the bacteria at bay by washing your hands, and if you just don't trust that toilet seat, wipe it down with a disinfectant or antibacterial wipe before you sit.
Keywords: Bacteria, Public toilets, E. coli, S. typhi, Urinary tract
Prevalence of Malaria among Children in urban area at Byahi Health Center, Rubavu District, Rwanda
Authors: Marthe MUHAWENIMANA , ALAIN PRUDENCE ISHIMWE , Innocent NZABANTERURA , Baptiste HABANABAKIZE Jean , Angelique USENGIMANA , Athanasie UWIRINGIYIMANA
Published: June 2024

Background: Malaria is one of the most public health and life-threatening parasitic infections caused by the protozoan parasite. Since children are immunologically naive to the malaria parasite, they are the main vulnerable groups to be affected by malaria.
Aim: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria among children in urban area at Byahi Health Center, Rubavu district.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was used to achieve the objectives. To obtain the information regarding social demographic characteristics, written questionnaires in native language were distributed to caregivers. Blood smears were collected and sent to laboratory department for analysis. Data were analyzed using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).
Results: Among 50 children who participated in the study, the majority were males over females with 58% and 42% respectively. The prevalence of malaria among children in urban area was higher with 30%. Among the participants, children of age range 1-5 years shown a high prevalence of malaria than those of 5-8 months with 13 and 2 positive cases respectively and children of 1-5 years old was statistically significant with a p-value (p 0.027).
Conclusion: After getting the results above, we have seen that children from urban area are affected by malaria with the overall prevalence of 30%. There is a need of improving and rechecking the existing malaria in children, prevention and control measures of the country. Byahi health center should create awareness about the importance early malaria checkup recommended reducing malaria infection. The parents are recommended to protect their children and district leaders should make researcher in others school. It must be reported to Ministry of Health that malaria infection mostly affects children.
Keywords: Malaria parasite, children, blood smear, Plasmodium
Psychologic Distress in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jacob Rosmin , Biju Blessy , Sharma Rajesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Diabetes mellitus presents a growing global health challenge, impacting millions and imposing significant burdens on individuals and healthcare systems alike. Diabetes distress encompasses the negative emotional impact of living with diabetes and holds significant clinical relevance, as it correlates with suboptimal self-care and glycemic control. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between diabetes and psychosocial factors, focusing on the concept of diabetes distress and its profound implications for patient well-being and disease management. As the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, understanding and addressing the emotional toll of the condition becomes increasingly critical. Moreover, it explores the intricate dynamics of diabetes distress, self-care behaviors, and metabolic outcomes, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions to alleviate distress and improve patient adherence and glycemic control. Greater diabetes distress correlates with detrimental medical and psychological outcomes, including suboptimal self-management behaviors such as reduced physical activity, unhealthy eating habits, medication non-adherence, and infrequent blood glucose monitoring. It's associated with elevated A1C levels, increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, and diminished quality of life. Identification of diabetes distress is crucial, with validated screening tools available to aid clinicians in this process. Various management strategies are outlined, ranging from psychological interventions to effective patient-provider communication and supportive group interventions. By integrating psychosocial care into diabetes management, healthcare professionals can better address the holistic needs of patients, ultimately enhancing their quality of life and overall well-being.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, psychological distress, Diabetic distress
Linguo-cultural value of 忍 ‘patience’ in traditional and modern Chinese culture
Authors: Volkova Yana A. , Korovina Svetlana G.
Published: June 2024

The article outlines a gap in the comprehensive study of values and evaluation processes in human consciousness, emphasising how these processes are aligned with linguo-cultural concepts. The research aims to investigate the evolving cultural value of 忍 (rěn) ‘patience’ in Chinese culture, highlighting the significance of understanding these transformations in the context of axiological linguistics. A mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the cultural and linguistic significance of 忍 (rěn) in Chinese culture was employed. Lexicographical, contextual, and semantic analyses, along with cultural commentary, were applied to describe the multifaceted meanings of 忍 (rěn). The study also used a two-part experimental approach: first, a survey collected diverse Chinese perceptions of 忍 (rěn) through adjectives/nouns, and then an evaluative experiment with bipolar semantic scales measured attitudes towards patience along various dimensions. The findings point out shifts in the modern interpretation of忍 (rěn) within Chinese culture. While traditional values emphasise endurance and resilience, contemporary perspectives acknowledge the complexity of patience, recognising its strategic, interpersonal, and ethical dimensions. The concept of patience is evolving to encompass adaptability, compromise, and long-term vision, reflecting changing societal values and the influence of globalisation. Despite these shifts, the significance of 忍 (rěn) in fostering personal growth, social harmony, and ethical conduct remains central to contemporary Chinese values and societal norms. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the transformation of cultural values within society, illustrating how linguistic methods can be employed to study their evolving nature.
Empirical application of sentiment analysis and emotions in Spanish: A post-cognitivist approach
Authors: Dip Juan Antonio , Silenzi María Inés
Published: June 2024

Text mining has led to growth in sentiment analysis (SA) across various research disciplines. The pandemic has provided a unique and special context for analysing students’ written expression. We utilised comments from a survey conducted during the pandemic to create a corpus for SA. The corpus comprises 25,197 words extracted from over 600 comments in Spanish, collected during a survey that lasted around 20 days. We aim to detect sentiments and emotions from this corpus using SA. However, some essential and little-discussed issues in literature should be addressed, such as its relationship with post-cognitivist theory. This paper uses the post-cognitivist approach to analyse emotions and sentiments through SA with the Spanish lexicon in the economics of education. Literature in this area needs further development, especially in Spanish. The article shows that the emotions and sentiments of students in challenging situations can be identified through a corpus of student comments. However, specific elements should be considered while interpreting emotions and sentiments within the framework of post-cognitivism methodologies. Recognising that the human experience is a complex interaction, it is essential to consider the emotional nuances within the context in which they develop. Addressing this issue from the post-cognitivist approach is one of several ways to carry out this task. Using SA and emotions to analyse a text corpus is still helpful for researchers who follow the post-cognitivist approach. However, combining this technique with other qualitative and in-depth computational methods is essential to fully understanding the emotional experiences within their respective contexts.
Code switching patterns in Kazakh-Russian hybrid language practice: An empirical study
Authors: Chernyavskaya Valeria E. , Zharkynbekova Sholpan K.
Published: June 2024

The study investigates Kazakh-Russian and Russian-Kazakh code switching in the framework of hybrid language practice to provide insights into the sense-making process among bilinguals. The unique characteristics of the synchronic linguistic situation in Kazakhstan stem from historically rooted ethnic bi- and multilingualism. Language switching has evolved into a tool for addressing communicative partners and sustaining communication in bilingual culture, rather than being viewed as a deviant pattern. It appears to be a dynamic resource for ensuring mutual understanding and harmonised communication. The study aims to reveal the motivations behind individuals’ language switching, how Kazakh and Russian speakers explain hybrid communication, and their sentiments towards it. Data from two surveys conducted in January-February of 2021 and January of 2024 are presented. Each survey involved 50 respondents with higher education, ranging in age from 21 to 40, who have resided in Kazakhstan for an extended period, with many being native-born residents. We argue that switching between the Kazakh and Russian languages serves as a communicative tool utilised by Kazakh and Russian speakers to signify their belonging to a specific sociocultural community. The study posits that hybrid language practice can be viewed from two underlying perspectives: from a ‘deficit’ perspective, signalling limited proficiency in Russian or/and Kazakh, and from a more complex sense-making communicative perspective, assisting interaction. As part of the sense-making process and in sustaining interaction with communication partners, code switching serves an instrumental function. Importantly, hybrid language practice is not portrayed as a sign of cultural decline. There is no strong correlation between the mixing of Russian and Kazakh and social, cultural, and educational barriers. Further implications for research are prompted by the rapidly changing situation. The development of the Kazakh language as a state language is becoming a major goal and central focus in this evolving context, which inevitably raises the issues of linguistic ideology. Distinguishing between ideologically neutral analysis and critical analysis of language use as a tool of symbolic power for specific social groups would provide a more gradient picture of the dynamics in Kazakhstan’s bi- and multilingual situation.
Evaluación de la influencia de la gestión de inventarios en el rendimiento empresarial: Un estudio de caso
Authors: Guerra-Naranjo Luz Mery
Published: June 2024

El impacto de una adecuada gestión de inventarios es crucial en los procesos comerciales de las empresas de fabricación y producción, especialmente en lo que respecta a compras, ventas y logística. Se relaciona con el control de existencias a lo largo de toda la cadena de suministro y es fundamental para organizar el día a día del negocio. Las actividades aquí se basan en datos y se enfocan en la planificación a corto plazo y el registro de eventos, con el objetivo de mantener el nivel adecuado de stock y registrar su movimiento.Este artículo es una investigación bibliográfica, descriptiva y cualitativa que busca analizar cómo una gestión eficiente de inventarios influye en la rentabilidad de las organizaciones en Colombia. Se concluye que la gerencia debe implementar una gestión estratégica para tomar decisiones acertadas y evitar que la empresa decaiga. Existen varios métodos para evitar problemas en el inventario, incluyendo el uso de software especializado para un mejor control de los registros. Sin embargo, el resultado óptimo es minimizar los costos y obtener un alto margen de beneficios al momento de colocar los productos.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Anak Pelaku Penyalahguna Narkotika Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Yuvita Yesy , Ariyani Evi
Published: June 2024

Decision number 03/Pid.sus-Anak/2018/PN.Skt regarding child offenders who abuse narcotics even though the child has been legally and convincingly proven guilty in article 127 paragraph 1 letter a of law number 35 of 2009, but the child is only given a lenient criminal sentence. The research was conducted to examine the criminal liability of children as drug users. The research method used is qualitative research with normative research. The data analysis techniques used is content analyis. The result of this research explain that the criminal responsibility of children who abuse drugs in verdict number 03/Pid.sus-Anak/2018/PN.Skt is because children have fulfilled the theory of criminal responsibility and based on law number 11 of 2012 children can be held accountable for their actions, the sentence given is to undergo treatment at the SINAI Sukoharjo Mental and Drug Rehabilitation Foundation for 6 (six) months, the decision is also based on the judge’s consideration. Meanwhile, in Islamic criminal law, children as perpetrators of criminal acts will not be subject to punishment in the form of hudud, qishas/diyat, or ta’zir. Children will only be subject to ta’dibi which is coaching that provides lessons but does not affect their psycholog.
Postpartum blood collection devices, are they acceptable and useful? The utility and acceptability of a Brass V-drape versus a Maternawell tray for the collection of postpartum blood loss in low-risk term vaginal deliveries
Authors: JM Esau , T Morris , Muller Chris , C Els , L de Waard
Published: June 2024

Objective To assess the perceived usefulness and ease of use of
a Brass V-drape versus a Maternawell tray for the collection of
postpartum blood loss. Design Prospective parallel randomised
controlled trial Setting Site B Midwife and Obstetric Unit,
Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa Sample Sixty-three
participants were recruited, 30 in the drape arm and 33 in the tray arm.
Methods This was a prospective parallel randomised controlled
trail. Low risk term pregnant women presenting in early labour were
approached for voluntary participation. Informed consent was obtained,
and participants were randomised to either the Brass-V drape or
Maternawell tray, the birth attendant placed these after the delivery of
the baby. The birth attendant and participant completed a questionnaire
and clinical data was collected. Primary Outcome To assess and
compare the perceived usefulness and ease of use of a Brass V-Drape
versus the blood loss monitoring device for the collection of
post-delivery blood loss by both the birth attendant as well as the
participant (women giving birth). Secondary Outcome To describe
the characteristics of the study participants To assess the blood loss
of each patient. Results There were 63 participants, 33
assigned to the Materwell tray and 30 to the Brass-V drape. The mean
delivery gestation was 39[37-43] weeks. Birth attendants were keen
to use the Maternawell tray 30/33(90%) or Brass-V drape 26/30(87%) for
future deliveries. The participants 33/33(100%) delivering with the
Maternawell tray and 28/30(93%) with the Brass-V drape would be keen to
use it in future. There were five (8%) cases of postpartum haemorrhage,
two with the Maternawell tray and three with the Brass-V drape, one
required hospital transfer. Conclusion The response to the
Maternawell tray and the Brass-V drape were positive and accepted by the
birth attendants and participants. With the option of reuse and lower
cost, the Maternawell tray appears to be an acceptable alternative, and
could provide a solution for early recognition of postpartum
haemorrhage.
Bayesian Structural Decomposition of Streamflow Time Series
Authors: Recacho Vitor , Laurini Márcio
Published: June 2024

Due to the significant influence of climate change and human activities
on the water cycle, accurately estimating water availability has become
imperative. This study introduces a time series model specifically
crafted to decompose river flow time series, enabling estimation of
trends, seasonality, and long memory components. Additionally, we
incorporate this decomposition in quantile regression framework using a
gamma function link. The estimation of this model is based Bayesian
inference, exploring the computational efficiency and accuracy of
Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations.
Birth outcomes after sexual violence and the role of disclosure to the maternity care provider: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Klerk Hannah de , Wal Janneke Gitsels-van der , Jonge Ank , Montgomery Elsa , Hooft Janneke van t , Pijl Marit van der , Hollander Martine , Verhoeven Corine
Published: June 2024

Objective To compare birth outcomes of women who disclosed
their sexual violence (SV) history to their maternity care providers and
women who did not disclose. Design Cross-sectional nationwide
survey. Setting The Netherlands. Sample 10,867 women
who had given birth within five years before completing the
questionnaire. Methods Logistic regression analyses comparing
SV history (total, disclosed and undisclosed) to no SV history,
stratified for parity. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported mode
of birth and birth experience. Results Of 10,867 women, 1,121
(10.3%) reported SV, of whom 582 (52%) disclosed to their maternity
care provider. Women who disclosed their SV history had lower adjusted
odds of episiotomy than women without an SV history (AOR 0.71, 95% CI
0.56-0.90). Primiparous women who disclosed their SV history had
increased odds of unplanned caesarean section compared to spontaneous
(OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04-1.81) and assisted vaginal birth (OR 1.75, 95%
CI 1.17-2.61). Primiparous women with either a disclosed or undisclosed
SV history had increased adjusted odds of negative birth experience than
those without an SV history (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.50-2.12). There were no
differences in referral to obstetrician-led care, home birth, preterm
labour and pharmaceutical pain relief between groups.
Conclusions Disclosure is an important factor in explaining
differences between women with and without an SV history for mode of
birth and episiotomy use. However, disclosure did not influence women’s
birth experience. Trauma-informed care during birth is recommended.