bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of results-based motivating system on metabolic risk factors of non-communicable diseases: A field trial study
Authors: Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran , Karimi Seyed M. , Mirbaha-Hashemi Fariba , Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash , Janani Leila , Babaee Ebrahim , Nojomi Marzieh , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
Published: October 2024

Background

Non-communicable diseases can be controlled and managed by reducing their associated metabolic risk factors. In this study, a set of intervention packages were designed to reduce the prevalence of three common metabolic risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity and overweight) in the community by motivating non-physician health workers.

Methods

A field trial study was conducted in 4 districts of Iran. Thirty-two community health centers were randomly selected. A survey of 30 to 70-year-old was conducted to measure baseline metabolic risk factors. The intervention packages focused on improving hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity and overweight. The interventions included goal-setting, evidence-based education, operational planning, and incentive payments for non-physician health workers. A second survey to measure the final metabolic risk factors was performed after one year. The difference-in-difference method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention packages.

Results

The average age of participants in both surveys was 49 years. The interventions had statistically significant effects only on decreasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. The package with all the interventions except pay-for-performance decreased the odds of overweight and obesity to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.95).

Conclusions

Involving non-physician health workers and having action plans based on the health needs of the covered population can decrease obesity and overweight in the community. However, longer trials are needed to observe the effects on hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
Prevalence and correlates of malaria and undernutrition among acutely febrile children visiting temporary malaria screening sites in war-torn areas of Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Debash Habtu , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Belete Melaku Ashagrie , Ebrahim Hussen , Mohammed Ousman , Gebretsadik Daniel , Tilahun Mihret , Shibabaw Agumas , Mulatie Zewudu , Eshetu Bruktawit , Gebremichael Saba , Gedefie Alemu
Published: October 2024

Background

Malaria and undernutrition pose challenges for children in conflict-affected areas. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for these issues in war-torn communities is important to effectively design aid efforts and select interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of malaria and undernutrition among febrile children in northeast Ethiopia to help address these problems.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. Four hundred twenty-two children were enrolled using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on associated factor variables were collected via questionnaire. Capillary blood samples were collected from each child to prepare thick and thin blood films, which were stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically. Height and weight measurements were also taken using a meter and a standard calibrated balance. The data were analyzed in SPSS 26.0 using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine associations between correlates, malaria infection, and undernutrition. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The overall malaria prevalence among screened children at temporary sites in the conflict-affected areas of Northeast Ethiopia was 65.9% (278/422). Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections accounted for 74.1%, 19.8%, and 6.1% of the cases, respectively. The presence of stagnant water (P<0.01), improper utilization of ITN, inadequate number of ITNs per family size (P<0.01), and absence of environmental management (P<0.01) were independent predictors of malaria. On the other hand, the overall undernutrition prevalence was 54.7% (231/422), including 26.5% underweight, 16.8% stunted, and 11.4% wasted. Dietary diversity score (P<0.01), meal frequency (P<0.01), and confirmed malaria infection (P<0.01) were significantly associated with underlnutrition.

Conclusion

Both malaria and undernutrition burdens were high among the children in this study. The findings suggest combined prevention measures for malaria and undernutrition should be strengthened in this region.
Aging by autodigestion
Authors: DeLano Frank A. , Schmid-Schönbein Geert W.
Published: October 2024

The mechanism that triggers the progressive dysregulation of cell functions, inflammation, and breakdown of tissues during aging is currently unknown. We propose here a previously unknown mechanism due to tissue autodigestion by the digestive enzymes. After synthesis in the pancreas, these powerful enzymes are activated and transported inside the lumen of the small intestine to which they are compartmentalized by the mucin/epithelial barrier. We hypothesize that this barrier leaks active digestive enzymes (e.g. during meals) and leads to their accumulation in tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract. Using immune-histochemistry we provide evidence in young (4 months) and old (24 months) rats for significant accumulation of pancreatic trypsin, elastase, lipase, and amylase in peripheral organs, including liver, lung, heart, kidney, brain, and skin. The mucin layer density on the small intestine barrier is attenuated in the old and trypsin leaks across the tip region of intestinal villi with depleted mucin. The accumulation of digestive enzymes is accompanied in the same tissues of the old by damage to collagen, as detected with collagen fragment hybridizing peptides. We provide evidence that the hyperglycemia in the old is accompanied by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the insulin receptor. Blockade of pancreatic trypsin in the old by a two-week oral treatment with a serine protease inhibitor (tranexamic acid) serves to significantly reduce trypsin accumulation in organs outside the intestine, collagen damage, as well as hyperglycemia and insulin receptor cleavage. These results support the hypothesis that the breakdown of tissues in aging is due to autodigestion and a side-effect of the fundamental requirement for digestion.
Assessment of autostereoscopic perception using artificial intelligence-enhanced face tracking technology
Authors: Yu Bo , Liu Lu , Yang Ning , Zhao Lingzhi , Wu Huang
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Stereopsis, the ability of humans to perceive depth through distinct visual stimuli in each eye, is foundational to autostereoscopic technology in computing. However, ensuring stable head position during assessments has been challenging. This study evaluated the utility of artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced face tracking technology in overcoming this challenge by ensuring that each eye consistently receives its intended image.

Methods

The Lume Pad 2, an autostereoscopic tablet with AI-enhanced face tracking, was utilized to simulate quantitative parts of the Stereo Fly test and TNO Stereotests for contour and random dot stereopsis. The study recruited 30 children (14 males and 16 females, mean age of 9.2 ± 0.3 years, age range of 6–12 years) and 30 adults (10 males and 20 females, mean age of 29.4 ± 1.0 years, age range of 21–42 years) to assess the tablet’s inter-session reliability. Agreement between conventional and the autostereoscopic tablet-simulated stereotests was tested in a larger group of 181 children (91 males and 90 females, mean age of 9.1 ± 0.4 years, age range of 6–12 years) and 160 adults (69 males and 91 females, mean age of 38.6 ± 2.1 years, age range of 21–65 years). Inter-session reliability and agreement were analyzed using weighted Kappa coefficient and non-parametric Bland-Altman analysis.

Results

The autostereoscopic tablet demonstrated high inter-session reliability (κ all > 0.80), except for the simulated TNO Stereotest in adults, which demonstrated moderate inter-session reliability (κ = 0.571). Non-parametric Bland-Altman analysis revealed zero median differences, confirming consistent inter-session reliability. Similar patterns were observed in comparing AI-based and conventional methods, with both the weighted Kappa coefficient (κ all > 0.80) and non-parametric Bland-Altman analysis indicating significant agreement. The agreement between methodologies was confirmed by permissible differences, which were smaller than the minimum step range.

Conclusion

The integration of AI-based autostereoscopic technology with sub-pixel precision demonstrates significant potential for clinical stereopsis measurements.
A cross-sectional study of the relationship between daily social contact features and the prevalence of common mental disorders in Taiwan, 2000–2015
Authors: Tsai Meng-Han , Wu Yun-Hsuan , Lai Sih-Jie , Yang Yun-Chieh
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of daily contact features on the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. Data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 were used to examine the relationship between the number and level of familiarity with daily social contacts with the probable CMDs (determined by score of ≥ 3 on a 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association. Among the 7,841 respondents, the prevalence of probable CMDs increased from 18.28% in 2000 to 21.29% in 2015. Multivariable analysis showed that respondents with more daily social contacts were less likely to have probable CMDs in the four observed years adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and physical health limitations on daily activities in the past two weeks. A negative relationship between probable CMDs and level of familiarity with daily contacts was found in 2000 (OR = 0.67, 95% CI-0.48–0.94) and 2005 (OR = 0.70, 95% CI-0.53–0.93). Findings from our study suggest the development of culturally tailored programs/interventions through features of daily social contacts may reduce the prevalence of CMDs in Taiwan.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward Hepatitis B infection among hemodialysis patients: A nationwide study in Jordan
Authors: Alaridah Nader , Jereisat Rahaf A. , Abu-Mutaw Sara , Abuhani Haneen O. , Jarrar Raba’a F. , Joudeh Rayan M. , Al-Hawadi Basmalah , Alhawadi Saif , Al-oyoun Razan Qasim , Nassr Hasan , Al-Taher Mohammad , Qiqieh Bassel , Ismail Layan , Al-Abdallat Haneen , Abu-Humaidan Anas H. A.
Published: October 2024

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a prevalent blood-borne illness, posing a significant risk to hemodialysis patients particularly due to their potential immunosuppressed status. This study aimed to address HBV awareness among Jordanian hemodialysis patients, filling a gap in regional research. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a multicenter governmental hospital in Jordan, with 389 participants. Among them, 61.3% were male, and 80.7% were over 38 years old. While 34% demonstrated a high level of knowledge, Participants with a higher degree of education and those working in the medical field were more informed. Although most participants had an inadequate understanding of HBV symptoms and transmission, they maintained positive attitudes and engaged in infection preventative actions. Enhanced educational efforts are required to raise awareness among hemodialysis patients, and further research is needed to address any reluctance towards preventive practices and seeking treatment.
Whole-tree Lagrangian optimal stomata model and its application to predicting cambial growth of tree stem
Authors:   University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Forest Sciences, Liu Che
Published: October 2024

Stomata are a pivotal nexus between tree physiology and the environment, and thus modelling stomatal behaviour is critical for understanding tree growth and functioning. One of such models that have been widely tested is based on Lagrangian optimality analysis of gas exchange. The objectives of the present study were expanding the optimal stomata model to the whole-tree scale and coupling it with a model of cambial growth. The coupled model connects stomatal behaviour with non-stomatal limitation on photosynthesis, waterlogging effects, and the enzymatic activities and phenology of cambial growth. It requires commonplace inputs of meteorology, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and soil water conditions and can output transpiration, assimilation and cambial growth rates simultaneously at 30-minute resolution. The model was parameterized using Bayesian statistics and tested against observations on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies from boreal forest sites in Finland of peatland and mineral soils. The model performance on simulating transpiration rate and stem radial dimension was good. Statistical analyses of model parameters showed that young/short trees almost always had higher stomatal conductance than old/tall trees under typical vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and PPFD. Also, maximum soil-to-root hydraulic conductance and minimum marginal water use efficiency (MWUE) of the trees were positively correlated with their leaf-to-sapwood area ratio. The modelled cambial growth duration was positively correlated with leaf-specific photosynthetic production (P) of the growing season at the moister peatland but not at the dryer mineral-soil site, and otherwise phenological traits of cambial growth were not significantly correlated with P at either site, suggesting P is not sufficient for determining the growth phenology of boreal trees. The model provides an easy-to-use tool for coupled tree eco-physiological and growth simulation and insights into larger-scale sink-driven vegetation modelling.
Reforma Agrária e arrendamentos de terras na mesorregião Oeste Paranaense
Authors: Rodrigues Junior Chaves , Roos Djoni , Christoffoli Pedro Ivan
Published: October 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o fenômeno dos arrendamentos de terras em assentamentos da reforma agrária na Mesorregião Geográfica Oeste Paranaense. O estudo se baseou no Materialismo Histórico Dialético e para se aproximar do objetivo de estudo foram realizadas cinco rodadas de aproximação com a realidade totalizando 87 entrevistados, que partiram de observações a campo, questionários semi estruturados de natureza qualitativa, reflexões e mapas mentais elaborados a partir da realidade e aplicação de Análise Diagnóstico de Sistemas Agrários (ADSA). O texto aborda a entrada das relações capitalistas na agricultura e sua evolução até o agronegócio. A renda fundiária e a complexidade de sua subordinação ou não ao capital é essencial nesta pesquisa. A análise das relações camponesas desde as suas origens permite compreensões mais profundas sobre essas complexidades nos espaços. Na fase final, são apresentados elementos caracterizantes de que as famílias em assentamentos da Reforma Agrária estão em constante movimento de busca por estratégias de resistência para assegurar sua reprodução social como unidades camponesas.
Nonexistence of the compressible Euler equations with space-dependent damping in high dimensions
Authors: Geng Jinbo , Hu Ke , Lai Ning-An , Yuen Manwai
Published: October 2024

Compressible Euler equations with space-dependent damping in high dimensions

R

n

(

n
=
2
,
3

)

{{\bf{R}}}^{n}\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.33em}\left(n=2,3)

are considered in this article. Assuming that the small initial velocity and small perturbation of the initial density have compact support, we establish finite-time blow-up results for the Euler system, by combining energy estimate and new test functions constructed by the solutions of the following linear elliptic partial differential equations system:

−

G

1

(

x

)

+

∇

⋅

G

2

→

(

x

)

=
0
,

−

G

2

→

(

x

)

+

∇

G

1

(

x

)

=

μ

G

2

→

(

x

)

(

1
+
∣
x
∣

)

λ

.

\left\{\begin{array}{l}-{G}_{1}\left(x)+\nabla \cdot \overrightarrow{{G}_{2}}\left(x)=0,\\ -\overrightarrow{{G}_{2}}\left(x)+\nabla {G}_{1}\left(x)=\frac{\mu \overrightarrow{{G}_{2}}\left(x)}{{(1+| x| )}^{\lambda }}.\end{array}\right.

This result generalizes the one in the literature from

1
−
D

1-D

to high dimension

R

n

(

n
=
2
,
3

)

{{\bf{R}}}^{n}\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.33em}\left(n=2,3)

.
On implicit extensions in many-valued logic
Authors: Marchenkov Sergey S.
Published: October 2024

We consider Kuznetsov’s implicit expressibility and its generalizations, when the implicit expressibility language is augmented with the additional disjunction, implication, and negation logical connectives. It is shown that, for each k ⩾ 3, the implicit extensions in Pk
have the cardinality of the continuum. For each k ⩾ 3, we also prove that each of the sets of positively implicit, implicatively implicit, and negatively implicit extensions in Pk
contains, respectively, as a proper subset, the set of positively implicit, implicatively implicit, and negatively implicit closed classes. We verify that, for k ⩾ 2, the functions of the set

H
k
∗

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
H_k^*
\end{array}$

of homogeneous functions preserving the set E

k−1 can be used for producing implicatively implicit and negatively implicit extensions without changing the result.
Negative correlative coordination in Indo-European: emergence, evolution and variability
Authors: Salaberri Iker
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an analysis of the emergence, evolution and variability of negative correlative coordination (ncc) constructions in Indo-European, such as Armenian očʻ A (ew) očʻ B and Hindi nə A nə B. A new definition of ncc is put forward that takes into account the construction’s semantic and pragmatic properties, and this clause linkage strategy is analyzed in a sample of 240 historical and present-day doculects. It is argued that ncc constructions emerged in the proto-language by analogy with positive correlative conjunctions like Latin A-que B-que. The relationship between positive and negative correlative conjunctions is argued to be due to the fact that both constitute a system of question and response. Furthermore, a cyclic change is identified by which ncc markers bleach through frequent use and are regularly reinforced and renovated. A number of paths of renewal are identified, which are used to explain the variation of ncc constructions observed across the Indo-European family.
Football Fans’ Interest in and Willingness-To-Pay for Sustainable Merchandise Products
Authors: Scharfenkamp Katrin , Wicker Pamela
Published: October 2024

According to the German Football League’s guidelines, football clubs are expected to contribute to sustainable development. This study analyzes football fans’ interest in and willingness-to-pay for socially and environmentally sustainable merchandise clothing. Data from fans of a German Football Bundesliga club were collected using an online survey in 2022 (n = 1,019). A set of linear, logistic, log-linear, and zero-inflated Poisson regressions was estimated. The estimations reveal that environmental concerns, environmental knowledge, past purchase of merchandise products, and awareness of sustainable labels significantly positively affect fans’ interest in sustainable clothing. The probability of reporting a positive willingness-to-pay (>€0) is significantly positively affected by fans’ interest in sustainable clothes. Team identification has a significant negative effect on the amount of willingness-to-pay for a sustainable t-shirt in the subsample of respondents with a positive willingness-to-pay.
Homotopic dynamic solution of hydrodynamic nonlinear natural convection containing superhydrophobicity and isothermally heated parallel plate with hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Sajjan Kiran , Raju Chakravarthula Siva Krishnam , Alshehri Mansoor , Shah Nehad Ali
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of thermal radiation on convective heat transfer for an electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid moving perpendicularly through a microchannel with parallel plates heated under isothermal conditions, while subjected to a transverse magnetic field. In this case, one surface exhibited a superhydrophobic slip and temperature jump, whereas the others did not. The objective of the study was to determine the impacts of thermal radiation, heat generation, and magnetism on the volume flow rate, velocity, and bulk temperature when either surface is heated by a constant wall temperature. Our findings reveal that the radiation parameter significantly influences both the Nusselt number and skin friction differently depending on the surface conditions, while also reducing flow rate and bulk temperature. The heat generation parameter similarly affects these variables but varies with the type of surface being heated. Additionally, both the velocity and temperature profiles increase with the porosity parameter and heat generation coefficient, regardless of the heated surface. Statistical analysis confirms the significance of magnetic and heat generation parameters in determining skin friction and the Nusselt number, and streamlines and isotherms illustrating the effects of thermal radiation and magnetism on two different hybrid nanofluids when heated on nonslip and superhydrophobic surfaces were provided. These insights provide valuable information for the design and maintenance of mini- and microdevices in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Thermally conductive and electrically insulated DGEBA-epoxy nano-composite fabricated by integrating GO/h-BN and rGO/h-BN hybrid for thermal management applications: a comparative analysis
Authors: Nayak Sagar Kumar , Mohanty Debabrata , Sahu Manas R.
Published: October 2024

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are prerequisite components of micro- and nano-electronics, as well as advanced semiconductor applications. A bisphenol-A epoxy-based thermal adhesive amalgamated graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and modified hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN/mh-BN) are fabricated. The advantages of adhesive TIMs compared to other TIMs encompass lower cost, process savings, reduced component weight, and prevention of vibration loosening the high-end electronics. Additionally, some parts are not suitable for soldering, as they may lack “legs” that go through holes in the PCBs, and adhesive TIMs help prevent short circuits. The thermal conductivity (TC) is measured at 1.653 ± 0.057 W/mK when incorporating 44.5 wt% mh-BN hybrid rGO into the epoxy matrix. However, substituting rGO with GO reduced the TC to 0.81 ± 0.0289 W/mK due to the lower phonon transfer of GO compared to rGO. The binding strength, in terms of lap shear, of the utmost TC composite adhesive was within the range of 6.26 ± 0.48 MPa, which is acceptable for effective end applications. The thermal stability of both optimized composites (mh-BN/rGO and mh-BN/GO) has demonstrated better results beyond 280 °C. The highest TC epoxy nanocomposite, termed mh-BN/rGO4/epoxy, also revealed electrical insulation properties.
Choi representation of completely positive maps in brief
Authors: Homa Gábor , Ortega Adrian , Koniorczyk Mátyás
Published: October 2024

The Choi representation of completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps, i.e. quantum channels is often used in the context of quantum information and computation as it is easy to work with. It is a correspondence between CPTP maps and quantum states also termed as the Choi–Jamiołkowski isomorphism. It is especially useful if a parametrization of the set of CPTP maps is needed in order to consider a general map or optimize over the set of these. Here we provide a brief introduction to this topic, focusing on certain useful calculational techniques which are presented in full detail.
Systematic Review of Machine-learning Techniques to Support Development of Lignocellulose Biorefineries
Authors: Jurinjak Tušek Ana , Petrus Ana , Weichselbraun Albert , Mundani Ralf-Peter , Müller Stefanie , Barkow Ingo , Bucić-Kojić Ana , Planinić Mirela , Tišma Marina
Published: October 2024

Lignocellulosic biorefineries (LBRs) are platforms for the production of a variety of bio-based products such as biofuels, biomaterials, biochemicals, food, and feed using lignocellulosic biomass (LB) as feedstock. LBRs are still rare worldwide. Their commercialization depends on challenges associated with the entire feedstock supply chain, efficiency, sustainability, and scale-up of pretreatment methods, as well as isolation and purification of value-added products. Each step within LBRs requires the development of

new technologies or the improvement of existing ones, considering all three sustainability dimensions, environmental, social, and economic. Machine learning (ML) methods are widely used in various industrial fields, including biotechnology. The merging of biotechnology and ML has driven scientific progress and opened new opportunities for

the development of LBRs as well. In this review, ML methods and their efficiency, used

in biotechnology (metabolic engineering, bioprocess development, and environmental

engineering), are presented, followed by their application in various phases of LB valorization.
Assessment of Eichhornia crassipes as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for AISI 1005 Steel in Acidic Environments
Authors: Schmitzhaus Tobias E. , Policarpi Everton de Britto , Simoni Leonardo , Schmitzhaus Wagner Cristiano , Cristaldo Matheus Angelo do Nascimento
Published: October 2024

Green corrosion inhibitors have shown considerable promise as a viable alternative to synthetic inhibitors for preventing corrosion in various applications. In this study, the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), native to the Pantanal region, was evaluated for its potential as a green corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1005 steel in an electrolyte containing 0.01 mol L–1 HCl. The plant extraction was conducted using both maceration and ultrasound with the electrolyte. The study employed open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) using electrochemical techniques, and weight loss (WL) tests were performed. The results indicated a reduction in the rate of corrosive reactions on the steel surface, particularly in cathodic reactions, with corrosion inhibition efficiency reaching nearly 90 %.
Pore Engineering of MFI Zeolite Membranes
Authors: Shahbaz Reza , Vaezi Mohammadjavad J.
Published: October 2024

A mesoporous MFI zeolite membrane was synthesized using polyacrylamide as a secondary template to separate nickel, chromium, and nitrate ions from water. Various analytical methods were employed to characterize the zeolite powders and membranes. Subsequently, tests were conducted to evaluate water permeation and the rejection of heavy metals and nitrate ions. The incorporation of 0.03 kg kg–1 polyacrylamide resulted in a 90 % mesostructure in the MFI zeolite. Higher amounts of polymer had no positive effect on the mesoporous structure. The membrane demonstrated a high water flux (22 L m–2 h–1) with 99 % nickel and 93 % chromium rejection, and effective nitrate rejection (up to 34 %). Increasing the total dissolved solids from 1 to 1000 µA A–1 led to a 50 % increase in water flux. Additionally, raising the pressure by 2 bar resulted in an 80 % increase in the water flux and 15 % improvement in nitrate rejection.
Do Exports of Services Lengthen the Duration of Export of Goods? Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Majune Socrates , Egwaikhide Festus , Kiplangat Josea
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effect of service exports disaggregated into nine categories (transport, travel, construction, government, ICT, personal, cultural and recreational, financial, insurance, and other business services) on the survival of goods exports in Kenya. Estimates from the discrete-time probit model with random effects on bilateral trade data covering 1996 to 2019 show that export of services positively and significantly impact the duration of goods exports. A disaggregation of the goods into intermediate, consumption, capital, differentiated and homogenous products shows that transport and ICT service exports increase the duration of export of goods. Therefore, the simultaneous advancement of goods and service exports would foster the export survival of goods. In particular, the results indicate that export survival of value chain commodities would be enhanced through enhancing modes of transportation alongside communication and connectivity infrastructure. Our results also have implications for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) which seeks to synchronously negotiate and promote trade in goods and trade in services within Africa.
Cross-country distribution dynamics of carbon emissions and intensity: Before and after the global financial crisis
Authors: Wei Yigang , Wojewodzki Michal , Cheong Tsun Se , Shi Xunpeng
Published: October 2024

Our study employs the distribution dynamics approach to uncover transition probabilities and the long-term evolution of relative per capita carbon emissions (REPC) and relative carbon intensity (REPGDP) across 204 countries. We split the period of analysis into pre-crisis (2000-2007), and post-crisis (2007-2016) and divided countries into four income groups. The results indicate the emergence of new convergence clubs post-crisis in both REPC and REPGDP. On the one hand, the majority (many) of the low- (high) income countries congregate to extremely low (above the global average) REPC levels in the long run. On the other hand, most of the upper-medium- (high) income economies cluster around REPGDP levels far above (below) the global average. Finally, using mobility probability plots, we identify above-average carbon emitters with the highest probabilities of diverging further above the global average in the coming years. The study delivers nascent evidence supporting the usefulness of the MPP display tool in clarifying the positions and responsibilities of specific countries in future agreements on climate change. The results support the argument for using both measures of carbon emissions as a suite of future multilateral climate negotiations and policies.
Feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of a new nutritional supplement for fibromyalgia patients: a pilot study
Authors: L. Rodríguez-Araya Tamara , Arias Anna , Torres Xavier , Angulo Elena , Hernández Esther , Belen Busso Maria , Polino Luciano
Published: October 2024

Current treatments for fibromyalgia (a chronic pain disorder) have limited efficacy, posing significant challenges for patients and healthcare providers, and prompting exploration of alternative approaches, such as nutritional supplements. Although limited in the literature, small-scale prospective pilot studies are crucial for assessing the safety and feasibility of these interventions, guiding subsequent research. Here we evaluated the viability and relevance of broader investigations of a new nutritional supplement, combining unique ingredients that are potentially beneficial for addressing the multifaceted nature of fibromyalgia symptoms, based on previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Thirty consecutive fibromyalgia patients received an 8-week intervention with the new nutritional supplement. Patients were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks to identify primary outcomes for future larger-scale trials, and evaluate safety, challenges, protocol adjustments, and treatment adherence. Treatment adherence was satisfactory, with only two patients experiencing mild adverse effects that did not warrant discontinuation. After the 8-week intervention, we observed moderate improvements in functionality and pain levels, but no significant improvements in fatigue, hemogram, biochemical values, sleep quality, or emotional well-being. Therefore, our results support the safety and tolerability of the new nutritional supplement for fibromyalgia, and indicate the feasibility of an 8-week larger scale trial. A minimum of 43 participants should be recruited in a subsequent trial, with an anticipated 10% dropout rate. Primary outcomes should include functionality, extent of widespread pain, and presence/severity of centralized pain features. Alternative tests should assess fatigue improvement, while changes in blood parameters, sleep, and emotional issues may have lesser significance.
Empirical studies of social stability problems (the case of local financing institutions and housing programs)
Authors:   Institute for Demography and Life Quality Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine., Novikov Valerii Mykolaiovych , Hvelesiani Anna Helaivna ,   Institute for Demography and Life Quality Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine., Chernichenko Viktor Vasylovych ,   Institute for Demography and Life Quality Problems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Published: October 2024

In Ukraine, the issues of the program-targeted approach to the management of budget expenditures are insufficiently presented in scientific studies and publications. In this regard, it is important to identify a model of the program target management system, which can potentially become a positive factor in the comprehensive solution of problems related to state programs at the regional level. In this context, it is necessary to analyze the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of local budgets and to provide an assessment of the practice of horizontal movement of cash flows within local budgets, as well as to propose a model of the system of programmatic – target management, which is potentially able to become a comprehensive solution to problems related to the financial sources of human development. The presented study investigates the functioning of the financial system of territorial communities under the weight of external pressure caused by military actions. In order to provide stability to the financing of local budgets, it is proposed to use the potential of the program-target mechanism, which in today’s difficult conditions requires additional development. An analysis of the provision of housing to the population at the national scale and in individual regions was carried out, taking into account the methodological features of assessing housing affordability indicators. The justification of the mechanism of housing affordability, which is acceptable for modern conditions, based on the principle of rent, was carried out. In the conditions of modern Ukrainian realities, the issues of housing programs taking into account state benefits are gaining priority. Given the potential of previous studies, they should be considered as an element of the state housing policy, with the role of each program determined depending on the general economic situation and the population’s housing needs.
Зміни у споживчій поведінці українських містян у період революційних подій 1917-1920 рр.
Authors: Попов Вячеслав
Published: October 2024

Актуальність. Соціологічний погляд на повсякденне життя набув в останні десятиліття значного поширення в науковій спільноті. В сучасних умовах посилилася увага до особливостей повсякденної поведінки пересічних громадян в період соціально-економічної кризи. Дослідження в межах цього напряму ґрунтуються не тільки на аналізі сьогодення, але й на історичних джерелах. Значний за обсягом матеріал стосується періоду національно-демократичної революції в Україні у 1917-1920 рр.
Мета. Метою статті є розгляд практичних аспектів забезпечення городян предметами першої необхідності, передусім продуктами харчування, як в умовах панування приватної ринкової торгівлі, так і в часи централізованого розподілу продовольства. Передбачена характеристика факторів, що впливали, прямо чи опосередковано, на споживчу поведінку міських мешканців. Проаналізований ступінь стихійності у ціноутворенні. Визначається рівень доступності для пересічних городян мінімального продуктового набору у різні періоди революції.
Результати. Виявлено, що ринки українських міст протягом всього періоду революції несли на собі відбиток буремної епохи, що призводило до майже щомісячних суттєвих зрушень у переліку товарів, у соціальному складі продавців, у купівельній спроможності покупців тощо.
Відстежується характер товарів, що пропонувалися, та його зміни в різні роки. На початку революційних подій це були речі з пограбованих поміщицьких маєтків та військове майно, потім ринки захопили міські обивателі з предметами домашнього вжитку. Вичерпання хатніх запасів у містян змушувало селян придбавати в них зовсім безглузді для сільського побуту речі, щоб тільки реалізувати свої продукти харчування.
Висновки. Визначені фактори, які вплинули на наявність продуктів на ринку. Головним з них була військова ситуація навколо відповідних міст. Лише загроза безкоштовної втрати майна заважала селянам везти свою продукцію на міські ринки. Дефіцит продовольства завжди був штучним.
Розрахований рівень інфляції стосовно продуктів харчування. Виявлена залежність споживчої поведінки городян від інфляції, внаслідок якої продаж будь-яких речей поступово перетворився на натуральний обмін. Продемонстрована повна втрата купівельної спроможності грошей, та набуття пайковим забезпеченням життєвої важливості.
An Interpretation of Social Resilience at the Spatial Level across the Hungarian-Romanian Border
Authors: Lovas Kiss Antal
Published: October 2024

Today, resilience can be regarded as an attribute of complex (spatial) systems. However, the extent to which this concept can be applied in practice remains the subject of debate. Can we, for instance, speak in general terms about the social resilience of a region, when the effectiveness of adaptation and the parameters of its functioning are subject to significant fluctuations in space and time, and when the diverse social, economic, and political conditions that prevail in different localities may necessitate the implementation of different adaptation strategies? Can the social resilience of individual groups be equated with the successful adaptation of an entire settlement? To understand change at a regional level, it is apparently not enough to start from present-day social processes; we must also examine the holistic picture on a historical scale, which makes defining the process of resilience in temporal terms a challenging task. In my study, I seek to respond to these questions and specificities by examining the issue of social resilience at a regional level, focusing on settlements close to the Ártánd border crossing point in the historical Bihar region, the center of which is the formerly Hungarian city of Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania. I argue that the crisis of the demarcation of the Trianon borders was attenuated by the reassessment of the role of borders following European Union accession. However, in terms of individual settlements, we can also talk about the success, or possibly failure, of specific, constantly changing, alternating, or simultaneous adaptation strategies.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: the importance of risk factors in its development
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Huseynova I.I. , Baylarov R.O. ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Orujova P.A. ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku
Published: October 2024

Aim: to investigate the relationship between different risk factors and the neonatal development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Material and methods. A prospective retrospective case-control study of premature infants with suspected of NEC in 2020-2021 was conducted. A total of 88 cases of preterm neonates with suspected NEC and 30 preterm neonates in the control group were identified and analyzed. NEC diagnosis was performed in 29 (32.5%) infants. The collected variables included pregnancy- and maternal-related risk factors, physical developmental indicators of infants, Apgar score, mechanical ventilation, mode and type of delivery, sex of infants. Statistical processing of indicators was carried out in the Windows SPSS20 system. Differences at p˂0.05 were considered reliable. Results. A relationship between the number of pregnancies and NEC in preterm infants was found. The birth of a newborn from the 3rd-4th pregnancy increased the risk of NEC development (p=0.001). In babies whose diagnosis of NEC is not confirmed, the height was 38.9±0.5 sm (min 30, max 47); with a confirmed diagnosis of NEC, it was 41.2±0.7 cm (min 34, max 48) (p=0.019). Conclusions. The factors recognized by this case-control study that increased the risk of neonatal NEC contained heterogeneity. There were no significant differences in terms of other maternal, pregnancy and neonatal risk factors in the development of NEC. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Azerbaijan Medical University. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Leading from Below
Authors: Phipps Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Double bass players are most often considered “sidemen” in popular music scholarship. However, double bass players who lead ensembles have made significant contributions as improvisers, artistic innovators, and social commentators in jazz and world music as a globalized popular music phenomenon. In this article, I explore two double bass players who have often innovated, drawing on musical styles outside of jazz to create new sounds on their instruments and ways to express their musical vision. One is the historically and musically influential jazz bassist Charles Mingus, and the second is the virtuosic contemporary bassist Renaud Garcia-Fons, who uses many jazz practices but is often discussed in relation to world music. The two case studies demonstrate the importance of cultural hybridity and the involvement of cultural encounters and learning in its processes, influencing how bass players’ musical practices and ensemble visions are developed.
Memoria, espesor e identidad en dos paisajes arquitectónicos modernos
Authors: Redondo-González Lara , Álvarez-Álvarez Darío
Published: October 2024

El entorno de la Acrópolis y la colina Filopapo en Atenas (1951-1958), de Dimitris Pikionis, y el Capitolio de Chandigarh en la India (1951- 1963), de Le Corbusier, son dos paisajes arquitectónicos proyectados coincidentes en el tiempo, planteados como verdaderos manifiestos construidos en los que el suelo adquiere un protagonismo similar como contenedor de múltiples memorias superpuestas. Ambos proyectos se convierten en cartografías con espesor y densidad, tanto real como conceptual, que se elaboran a partir de la forma y del tratamiento de los materiales. Teniendo en cuenta el paisaje en el que se enmarcan y empleando referencias culturales diversas, el presente estudio analiza la manera en que estos proyectos generan una capa de memoria arquitectónica actualizada que persigue, a su vez, definir una nueva identidad sobre los sitios.
Shinohara y la Casa de la Tierra: Habitar la memoria
Authors: Antón-Sancho Javier , Larripa-Artieda Víctor
Published: October 2024

Entre 1964 y 1966 el arquitecto japonés Kazuo Shinohara diseñó y construyó una vivienda en Tokio, que él mismo denominó Casa de la Tierra. Se trata de una pequeña casa que, gracias a su singular configuración espacial y formal, representa el punto culminante en el interés que Shinohara había desarrollado a propósito del potencial creativo y emotivo que posee la tierra. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar el tratamiento arquitectónico y material de la tierra que el arquitecto implementa a través de esta vivienda. Se busca exponer los mecanismos espaciales que Shinohara emplea para desplegar el proyecto, y el modo en que estos condensan en una emocionante relación entre el acto de habitar la tierra y la memoria del habitante.
Tierra solidificada. Las alfombras cerámicas de la Fundación Maeght en Saint-Paul de Vence
Authors: De-Miguel-Arbonés Eduardo , Bosch-Villar Carme
Published: October 2024

La relación antropológica que se establece con la tierra elegida para arraigarse está íntimamente ligada a la comprensión y el respeto de las características del lugar en el que se decide intervenir. En este sentido, la terracota emerge como uno de los materiales más interesantes por tratarse conceptualmente de la solidificación de la materia prima de la que está formado el suelo que se pretende domesticar. Reconociendo en la figura de Josep Lluís Sert un arquitecto innovador al explorar alternativas contemporáneas a los materiales procedentes de la tradición local, el artículo profundiza en la singularidad de los revestimientos cerámicos de la Fundación Maeght, obra profundamente anhelada por sus promotores Aimé y Marguerite Maeght, y que posiblemente mejor encarna su ideal mediterráneo de unidad entre arte, arquitectura y paisaje.
Materia basura. Recuperación del antiguo vertedero de Valdemingómez
Authors: Alba-Ramis Israel
Published: October 2024

Los vertederos de residuos urbanos, por su proximidad a la ciudad, constituyen lugares con un gran potencial para el cambio, llenos de posibilidades. La constante expansión de la metrópoli hace que la distancia entre el vertedero y la ciudad sea siempre relativa. Primero expulsados, después incorporados. La ciudad del siglo XXI interactúa con el territorio. Esta interacción construye un nuevo paisaje que se produce desde un mecanismo arquitectónico fundamental como base del paisaje contemporáneo, amalgama entre lo natural y lo artificial: el plano del suelo como una topografía manipulada y soporte de nuevas actividades. El parque forestal de Valdemingómez en Madrid, ubicado sobre el antiguo vertedero, deviene en palimpsesto de nuestra sociedad, una huella del pasado sobre la que se escribirá el futuro. La basura convertida en suelo, soporte de nuevas actividades contemporáneas, se convierte en registro de la memoria de la ciudad.
The Impact of Urban Transport Infrastructure and Its Development on the Users' Sense of Safety: The Case of Kraków
Authors: Świda Jarosław
Published: October 2024

Objective: This paper assesses the impact of the new infrastructure in the city of Kraków on the sense of safety of the users of the local transport infrastructure in terms of its growth and influence on the residents’ safety.
Research Design & Methods: The research was conducted using questionnaire interviews in a group of 203 respondents in May 2022.
Findings: In the respondents’ opinion, Kraków’s transport infrastructure positively impacts their sense of safety, and the solutions introduced to increase road safety have served their purpose. The city’s transport infrastructure for cyclists is regarded as its weakness, while the best safety-related solutions can be observed in the infrastructure for pedestrians.
Implications/Recommendations: The expansion of the transport infrastructure in urban areas represents a major factor underpinning the development of spatial structure in cities. A well-functioning urban transport system is a condition sine qua non for the provision of an effective and efficient transportation service for the city’s residents, thus improving broadly understood quality of life. Given a large number of traffic users, the city authorities are under the obligation to ensure that the transport infrastructure is safe for them. The new initiatives and proper infrastructure management help improve the comfort of travel and the quality of life for residents and visitors alike.
Contribution/Value Added: This study contributes to academia and practice by offering data and recommendations to improve the safety of users of city infrastructure.
Article classification: research article
JEL classification: R41