bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMICS SOCIETY
Authors: Johnson Marianne
Published: December 2024

Beginning in the 1960s, subfields claimed a central place in the production and dissemination of economic knowledge. Generalists were replaced by economists who specialized in the study of international economics, public economics, labor economics, or econometrics. New infrastructure emerged, including field-specific societies and field-specific journals (Backhouse and Cherrier 2017; Cherrier 2017; Cherrier and Rebours 2023; Desmarais-Tremblay, Johnson, and Sturn 2023; Desmarais-Tremblay and Svorenčik 2021; Svorenčik 2021). Some of the earliest movers were those interested in social choice and the political economy of governance. In 1963, a coalition of economists and political economists established the Committee for Non-Market Decision Making; a preliminary conference led to the creation of the Public Choice Society, an annual conference, and a specialized journal, Public Choice (Buchanan 2003; Medema 2011).1Public Choice was quickly followed by the Journal of Human Resources (1965), the Journal of Economic Education (1969), the Journal of International Economics (1971), the Journal of Public Economics (1972), the Journal of Econometrics (1973), the Journal of Urban Economics (1974), the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (1974), and the Journal of Comparative Economics (1977), all attached to newly formed societies and associations.
Direct Geologic Constraints on the Timing of Late Holocene Ice Thickening in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica
Authors: Nichols Keir A. , Adams Jonathan R. , Brown Katie , Creel Roger C. , McKenzie Marion A. , Venturelli Ryan A. , Johnson Joanne S. , Rood Dylan H. , Wilcken Klaus , Woodward John , Roberts Stephen J.
Published: December 2024

Constraining past West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) change helps validate numerical models simulating future ice sheet dynamics. Following rapid deglaciation during the mid‐Holocene, ice near Thwaites Glacier was ∼35 m thinner than present; however, the timing of ice regrowth to its present configuration remains unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we present cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages of cobbles from the surface of a moraine situated between Thwaites and Pope glaciers. We infer that the moraine formed and stabilized in the Late Holocene (∼1.4 ka) when a small glacier thickened. We also present a novel reconstruction of WAIS volume constrained by sea‐level data, which demonstrates that moraine formation coincided with a large‐scale WAIS readvance. Our new geologic constraints will help inform models of the solid Earth response to surface mass loading, improving our understanding of ice sheet dynamics in a vulnerable part of WAIS.
Recent Wintertime Cooling in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere of the Arctic
Authors: Zhu Jintao , Wang Wuke , Hong Jin , Wu Luzhen , Shangguan Ming , Zhao Shuyun , Deng Qimin
Published: December 2024

As Arctic surface temperatures exhibit amplified warming, a warming center in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is also notable, which potentially plays a crucial role in polar‐to‐mid‐latitude interactions. While the surface warming has accelerated recently, UTLS temperatures, however, have declined since 2001, as demonstrated by multiple reanalysis data sets. This shift in trends provides a unique opportunity to understand the factors influencing Arctic UTLS temperature changes. Further analysis indicates that the descending component of the Brewer‐Dobson (BD) circulation over the Arctic was strengthened before 2000 but weakened thereafter. Simultaneously, Arctic lower stratospheric water vapor showed a decreasing trend before 2000, followed by an increasing trend. The weakening of the BD circulation led to reduced dynamical heating, and the increased water vapor resulted in enhanced radiative cooling, which together contributed to the cooling of the Arctic UTLS after 2000.
Statistical Relationship Between Electron Flux and Resonant Chorus Wave Power Near the Flux Limit
Authors: Saint‐Girons Emile , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Mourenas Didier , Artemyev Anton V. , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: December 2024

Electron precipitation by chorus whistler‐mode waves generated by the same electron population is expected to play an important role in the dynamics of the outer radiation belt, potentially setting a hard upper limit on trapped energetic electron fluxes. Here, we statistically analyze the relationship between equatorial electron fluxes and the power of mid‐latitude cyclotron‐resonant chorus waves precipitating these electrons, both inferred from ELFIN low‐altitude energy and pitch‐angle resolved electron flux measurements in 2020–2022. We provide clear evidence of a flux limitation coinciding with an exponential increase of precipitation. We statistically demonstrate that the actual inferred resonant wave power gains are well correlated with theoretical linear gains, as in the classical Kennel‐Petschek model, for moderately high linear gains and high fluxes. However, we also find a finite occurrence of very high fluxes, corresponding to resonant waves of moderate average amplitude, implying a softer, more dynamical upper limit than traditionally envisioned.
Acute dose-dependent effects and self-guided titration of continuous N,N-dimethyltryptamine infusions in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants
Authors: Erne Livio , Vogt Severin B. , Müller Lorenz , Nuraj Albiona , Becker Anna , Klaiber Aaron , Zuparic Melani , Varghese Nimmy , Eckert Anne , Rudin Deborah , Luethi Dino , Liechti Matthias E.
Published: December 2024

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a serotonergic psychedelic that is known for its short-lasting effects when administered intravenously. Several studies have investigated the administration of intravenous boluses or combinations of a bolus and a subsequent continuous infusion. However, data on dose-dependent acute effects and pharmacokinetics of continuous DMT infusions are lacking. We used a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 22 healthy participants (11 women, 11 men) who received placebo and DMT (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg/min) over an infusion duration of 120 min. We also tested a self-guided titration scheme that allowed participants to adjust the DMT dose rate at prespecified time points to achieve their desired level of subjective effects. Outcome measures included subjective effects, autonomic effects, adverse effects, plasma hormone concentrations, and pharmacokinetics up to 3 h after starting the infusion. DMT infusions exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and rapidly induced dose-dependent subjective effects that reached a plateau after 30 min. A ceiling effect was observed for “good drug effect” at 1.8 mg/min. The 2.4 mg/min dose of DMT induced greater anxious ego dissolution than the 1.8 mg/min dose and induced significant anxiety compared with placebo. We observed moderate acute tolerance to acute effects of DMT. In the self-guided titration session, the participants opted for moderate to strong psychedelic effects, comparable in intensity to the 1.8 mg/min DMT dose rate in the randomized dosing sessions. These results may assist with dose finding for future DMT research and demonstrate that acute subjective effects of DMT can be rapidly adjusted through dose titration.
Deptor protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the mTOR signaling and autophagy
Authors: Duan Qunjun , Yang Weijun , Zhu Xian , Feng Zhanzeng , Song Jiangwei , Xu Xiaobin , Kong Minjian , Mao Jiayan , Shen Jian , Deng Yuqin , Tao Rujia , Xu Hongfei , Chen Wei , Li Weidong , Dong Aiqiang , Han Jie
Published: December 2024

Deptor knockout mice were constructed by crossing Deptor Floxp3 mice with myh6 Cre mice, establishing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model. Deptor knockout mice exhibited significantly increased myocardial infarction size and increased myocardial apoptosis in vivo. ELISA analysis indicated that the expression of CK-MB, LDH, and CtnT/I was significantly higher in the Deptor knockout mice. Deptor siRNA significantly reduced cell activity and increased myocardial apoptosis after I/R-induced in vitro. Deptor siRNA also significantly up-regulated the expression of p-mTOR, p-4EBP1, and p62, and down-regulated the expression of LC3 after I/R induction. Immunofluorescence indicated that LC3 dual fluorescence was weakened by Deptor knockout, and was enhanced after transfection with Deptor-overexpression plasmids. Treatment with OSI027, a co-inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2, in either Deptor knockout mice or Deptor knockout H9C2 cells, resulted in a significant reduction in infarction size and apoptotic cardiomyocytes. ELISA analysis also showed that the expression of CK-MB, LDH, and CtnT/I were significantly down-regulated by treatment with OSI027. CCK-8 cell viability indicated that cell viability was enhanced, and the number of apoptotic cells was decreased in vitro following treatment with OSI027. These results revealed that OSI027 exerts a protective effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in both an in vivo and in an in vitro model of I/R. These findings demonstrate that Deptor protects against I/R-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting the mTOR pathway and by increasing autophagy.
Machine learning analysis of sex and menopausal differences in the gut microbiome in the HELIUS study
Authors: Vriend Esther M. C. , Galenkamp Henrike , Herrema Hilde , Nieuwdorp Max , van den Born Bert-Jan H. , Verhaar Barbara J. H.
Published: December 2024

Sex differences in the gut microbiome have been examined previously, but results are inconsistent, often due to small sample sizes. We investigated sex and menopausal differences in the gut microbiome in a large multi-ethnic population cohort study, including 5166 participants. Using machine learning models, we revealed modest associations between sex and menopausal status, and gut microbiota composition (AUC 0.61–0.63). After adjustments for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and diet, a part of the associations of the highest-ranked gut microbes with sex were attenuated, but most associations remained significant. In contrast, most associations with menopausal status were driven by age and lost significance after adjustment. Using pathway analyses on metagenomic data, we identified sex differences in vitamin B6 synthesis and stachyose degradation pathways. Since some of sex differences in gut microbiome composition and function could not be explained by covariates, we recommend sex stratification in future microbiome studies.
The ab initio non-crystalline structure database: empowering machine learning to decode diffusivity
Authors: Zheng Hui , Sivonxay Eric , Christensen Rasmus , Gallant Max , Luo Ziyao , McDermott Matthew , Huck Patrick , Smedskjær Morten M. , Persson Kristin A.
Published: December 2024

Non-crystalline materials exhibit unique properties that make them suitable for various applications in science and technology, ranging from optical and electronic devices and solid-state batteries to protective coatings. However, data-driven exploration and design of non-crystalline materials is hampered by the absence of a comprehensive database covering a broad chemical space. In this work, we present the largest computed non-crystalline structure database to date, generated from systematic and accurate ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations. We also show how the database can be used in simple machine-learning models to connect properties to composition and structure, here specifically targeting ionic conductivity. These models predict the Li-ion diffusivity with speed and accuracy, offering a cost-effective alternative to expensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the process of computational quenching non-crystalline structures provides a unique sampling of out-of-equilibrium structures, energies, and force landscape, and we anticipate that the corresponding trajectories will inform future work in universal machine learning potentials, impacting design beyond that of non-crystalline materials. In addition, combining diffusion trajectories from our dataset with models that predict liquidus viscosity and melting temperature could be utilized to develop models for predicting glass-forming ability.
A prospective comparison of two computer aided detection systems with different false positive rates in colonoscopy
Authors: Chung Goh Eun , Lee Jooyoung , Lim Seon Hee , Kang Hae Yeon , Kim Jung , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Choi Ji Min , Seo Ji Yeon , Bae Jung Ho
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the impact of differing false positive (FP) rates in two computer-aided detection (CADe) systems on the clinical effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). The ADR in the control, system A (3.2% FP rate), and system B (0.6% FP rate) groups were 44.3%, 43.4%, and 50.4%, respectively, with system B showing a significantly higher ADR than the control group. The APC for the control, A, and B groups were 0.75, 0.83, and 0.90, respectively, with system B also showing a higher APC than the control. The non-true lesion resection rates were 23.8%, 29.2%, and 21.3%, with system B having the lowest. The system with lower FP rates demonstrated improved ADR and APC without increasing the resection of non-neoplastic lesions. These findings suggest that higher FP rates negatively affect the clinical performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy.
Suppressing unknown disturbances to dynamical systems using machine learning
Authors: Restrepo Juan G. , Byers Clayton P. , Skardal Per Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Identifying and suppressing unknown disturbances to dynamical systems is a problem with applications in many different fields. Here we present a model-free method to identify and suppress an unknown disturbance to an unknown system based only on previous observations of the system under the influence of a known forcing function. We find that, under very mild restrictions on the training function, our method is able to robustly identify and suppress a large class of unknown disturbances. We illustrate our scheme with the identification of both deterministic and stochastic unknown disturbances to an analog electric chaotic circuit and with numerical examples where a chaotic disturbance to various chaotic dynamical systems is identified and suppressed.
Achieving dynamic stability and electromechanical resilience for ultra-flexible battery technology
Authors: Riley Sam , Shevchuk Andrew , George Chandramohan
Published: December 2024

Despite the huge potential of mechanically flexible batteries in healthcare, robotics, transportation and sensing, their development towards real-world applications is stalled due to issues such as capacity decay, limited energy/power density at any given pliability, compromised safety and poor packaging. These issues originate from design flaws, electromechanical degradation and underdeveloped characterisation of composite electrodes, lacking direct correlations between mechanical flexibility and electrochemical performance. Here, we review the state-of-the-art advances in Li-based flexible electrodes, cell architectures and materials and discuss the correlations between electrode microstructure, electrochemical trends, mechanical pliability and safety, emphasising the need for improved metrology and standardisation quantifying electromechanical resiliency.
Protein stabilization in spray drying and solid-state storage by using a ‘molecular lock’ – exploiting bacterial adaptations for industrial applications
Authors: Brytan Wiktoria , Soulimane Tewfik , Padrela Luis
Published: December 2024

The presence of a C-terminal extension in a thermophilic aldehyde dehydrogenase protein is found to act like a ‘molecular lock’ to the oligomeric state of the tetramer upon spray drying, increasing activity retention without the use of excipients.
Unveiling the promise of peptide nucleic acids as functional linkers for an RNA imaging platform
Authors: Wierzba Aleksandra J. , Richards Erin M. , Lennon Shelby R. , Batey Robert T. , Palmer Amy E.
Published: December 2024

Incorporating a PNA linker into an RNA imaging platform yielded significant improvements in probe affinity and specificity through a dual-binding mechanism: cobalamin-mediated RNA structure recognition and sequence-specific PNA–RNA interaction.
Substance migration in the synthesis of single-atom catalysts
Authors: Liu Xu , Fang Jiaojiao , Guan Jianping , Wang Shibin , Xiong Yu , Mao Junjie
Published: December 2024

We summarized the thermodynamic and kinetic processes in the methods for the synthesis of SACs and proposed strategies that favour their formation.
Integrating C–H activation/2-fold annulation: a modular access to heteroaryl-tethered oxazoloisoquinolinones
Authors: Basak Shubhajit , Paul Tripti , Nanjegowda Maniya V , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: December 2024

A cascade C–H activation/2-fold annulation of 2-aryloxazolines with pyridotriazoles has been accomplished under Rh-catalysis to furnish heteroaryl-tethered oxazoloisoquinolinones.
Single crystal growth, characterization, piezoelectric properties, and spectral analysis for Zn4B6O13 and Ni:Zn4B6O13 crystals
Authors: Wu Jipeng , Zhang Nianlong , Zhang Hengyuan , Chen Feifei , Sun Li , Cheng Xiufeng , Zhao Xian
Published: December 2024

Large-sized, high-quality Ni:ZBO crystals were successfully grown. Doping with Ni ions resulted in improvements to both the thermal expansion coefficient and the piezoelectric constant of the crystals.
Activity recognition in scientific experimentation using multimodal visual encoding
Authors: Gabrieli Gianmarco , Espejo Morales Irina , Christofidellis Dimitrios , Graziani Mara , Giovannini Andrea , Zipoli Federico , Thakkar Amol , Foncubierta Antonio , Manica Matteo , Ruch Patrick W.
Published: December 2024

Vision-language foundation models augmented with domain-specific data can generate documentation of scientific experiments in real time based on egocentric videos of laboratory actions.
Study of multimodal light emissions from Pr3+/Yb3+ doped NaLa(MoO4)2 phosphors for optoelectronic devices and plant-growth applications
Authors: Tomar Sonali , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Chauhan Vaibhav , Kumar Kaushal , Shivakumara C.
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in materials design have driven the scientific community to explore phosphor materials for multifunctional applications.
A theoretical study on the environmental oxidation of fenpyrazamine fungicide initiated by hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase
Authors: Al Rawas Hisham K. , Truong Dinh Hieu , Schell Emma , Faust Jennifer , Taamalli Sonia , Ribaucour Marc , El Bakali Abderrahman , Alharzali Nissrin , Dao Duy Quang , Louis Florent
Published: December 2024

M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory.
Advancing micro-nano supramolecular assembly mechanisms of natural organic matter by machine learning for unveiling environmental geochemical processes
Authors: Zhang Ming , Deng Yihui , Zhou Qianwei , Gao Jing , Zhang Daoyong , Pan Xiangliang
Published: December 2024

The nano-self-assembly of natural organic matter (NOM) profoundly influences the occurrence and fate of NOM and pollutants in large-scale complex environments.
Sustainable regeneration of cathode active materials from spent lithium-ion batteries by repurposing waste coffee powder
Authors: Hasan Md. Anik , Hossain Rumana , Sahajwalla Veena
Published: December 2024

For the sustainable recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), utilizing renewable materials and minimizing energy consumption are essential. A biomass-based, energy-efficient method was adopted to recover lithium and cobalt from spent LIBs.
Laser-induced carbonization technology towards biomass-derived carbon materials: mechanism, preparation and application
Authors: Xu Xingjie , Zhang Mengdi , Qi Chao , Sun Yi , Yang Lijun , Gu Xin , Li Yanpeng , Wu Mingbo , Wang Bin , Hu Han
Published: December 2024

This manuscript summarizes the research progress in the laser-induced preparation and application of biomass-derived carbon materials and further discusses their current challenges and development prospects.
A review on mechanical metamaterials and additive manufacturing techniques for biomedical applications
Authors: P. Suhas , Quadros Jaimon Dennis , Mogul Yakub Iqbal , Mohin Ma , Aabid Abdul , Baig Muneer , Ahmed Omar Shabbir
Published: December 2024

This review presents the design and experimental analysis of metamaterials with tunable properties for biomedical applications.
Mechanosensitive stacking structure with continuous solar controllability for real-time thermal management
Authors: Luo Richu , Song Baiqi , Jiao Haixing , Zhang Qian , Li Fangling , Zhang Xiaofang , Xu Weilin
Published: December 2024

A mechanosensitive stacking structure capable of switching between solid and porous state, featuring continuous solar controllability, hence allowing solar heating, radiative cooling, multi-stage and real-time thermoregulation.
Stacked meshes with super-wettability via atmospheric plasma for efficient emulsion separation
Authors: He Zengyi , Yang Linfeng , Cao Xinpeng , Zhou Shan , Jiang Lei , Dai Haoyu
Published: December 2024

An efficient emulsion separation strategy has been developed using multilayer stacked nylon meshes treated with atmospheric plasma with super-wettability.
Correction: Combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and a transient flow method for efficient kinetic analysis of the Claisen rearrangement
Authors: Takebayashi Yoshihiro , Sue Kiwamu , Kataoka Sho
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and a transient flow method for efficient kinetic analysis of the Claisen rearrangement’ by Yoshihiro Takebayashi et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2024, 9, 2975–2983, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RE00301B.
The inductive effect does not explain electron density in haloacetates: are our textbooks wrong?
Authors: Johnson Edwin C. , Gregory Kasimir P. , Robertson Hayden , Gresham Isaac J. , Nelson Andrew R. J. , Craig Vincent S. J. , Prescott Stuart W. , Page Alister J. , Webber Grant B. , Wanless Erica J.
Published: December 2024

Wave functional theory calculations and experiments reveal that the inductive effect does not explain pKa and charge density trends in haloacetates.
Correction: FragGen: towards 3D geometry reliable fragment-based molecular generation
Authors: Zhang Odin , Huang Yufei , Chen Shicheng , Yu Mengyao , Zhang Xujun , Lin Haitao , Zeng Yundian , Wang Mingyang , Wu Zhenxing , Zhao Huifeng , Zhang Zaixi , Hua Chenqing , Kang Yu , Cui Sunliang , Pan Peichen , Hsieh Chang-Yu , Hou Tingjun
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘FragGen: towards 3D geometry reliable fragment-based molecular generation’ by Odin Zhang et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 19452–19465, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC04620J.
Faraday cup measurements of triboelectrically charged granular material: a modular interpretation methodology
Authors: O’Hara Tom F. , Reid David P. , Marsden Gregory L. , Aplin Karen L.
Published: December 2024

Here we outline a novel modular approach to separating charge contributions for a better understanding of triboelectric charge measurements.
Breaking the equilibrium limit: synthesis of diethyl carbonate from CO2 using regenerable bis-/tris-triethoxysilane substrates
Authors: Putro Wahyu S. , Ikeda Akira , Yamamoto Toshihide , Hamura Satoshi , Choi Jun-Chul , Fukaya Norihisa
Published: December 2024

The use of regenerable bis- and tris-triethoxysilane substrate giving higher DEC amount demonstrates the breaking equilibrium limit.
Electrochemical upgrade of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by C–N coupling over etched CuAu3@CuPd nanocubes
Authors: Li Zi-Yuan , Shao Jiang , Zhang Yi-Fei , Guo Xiao-Yu , Wang De-Jiu , Dong Hao , Zhang Ya-Wen
Published: December 2024

Electrosynthesis of 5-(aminomethyl)-2-furanmethanol (HMFA) from biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and nitrate by C–N coupling over etched CuAu3@CuPd nanocubes.
Investigation of the magnetic spin correlations in the layered molybdenates, Mn2Mo3O8 and MnAMo3O8 (A = Fe, Co, Zn)
Authors: McPhillips Holly L. , Manuel Pascal , Stenning Gavin B. G. , da Silva Ivan , Ramos Silvia , Arnold Donna C.
Published: December 2024

An exotic range of magnetic (and other) properties have been observed in A2Mo3O8 materials (where A is a single or mix of transition metals) making understanding their chemistry and physics timely.
Ecological Validity of Self-Perceived Voice Quality and Acoustic Measures During Voice Assessments: An Observational Study on Faculty Teachers
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel , Guzman Marco , Brito Pedro , Llorens Roberto
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study investigated the ecological validity of conventional voice assessments by comparing the self-perceived voice quality and acoustic characteristics of voice production during these assessments to those in a simulated environment with varying distracting conditions and noise levels.

Method:

Forty-two university professors (26 women) participated in the study, where they were asked to produce loud connected speech by reading a 100-word text under four different conditions: a conventional assessment and three virtual classroom simulations created with 360° videos, each with different noise levels, played through a virtual reality headset and headphones. The first video depicted students paying attention in class (40 dB classroom noise); the second showed some students talking, generating moderate conversational noise (60 dB); and the third depicted students talking loudly and not paying attention (70 dB). The entire experiment was conducted in a sound-treated room, and the voice of each participant was recorded for acoustic analysis. In each condition, self-perception of voice quality (vocal effort and vocal ease), SPL, fundamental frequency, long-term average spectrum (L1-L0 ratio, alpha ratio, and the 1/5–5/8 ratio), and smooth cepstral peak prominence were measured.

Results:

Visual distraction and noise level significantly impacted both subjective and acoustic measures of voice production, as shown by numerous statistically significant differences across almost all conditions and variables examined. Specifically, all measures increased with higher levels of distraction and noise, except for the 1/5–5/8 ratio, which showed a decreasing trend.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that visual distraction and noise level significantly influence self-perceived and acoustic vocal characteristics and suggest that conventional assessments, typically conducted in silence and without visual distractors, may not accurately represent real-world performance, thus limiting their ecological validity.
Subsequent commutation failure suppression strategy of hybrid cascaded HVDC system based on coordinated control of CEC and VDCOL
Authors: Wang He , Zhang Daqian , Bian Jing , Guo Jiazhi , Li Shiqiang
Published: December 2024

The inverter side of hybrid cascaded HVDC adopts the structure of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) in series with Line Commutated Converter (LCC). The complete system amalgamates the advantages of LCC with MMC, but it also makes the interaction process of multi‐controller more complicated during the failure of the system. Therefore, through the analysis of the controller interaction process during the system fault, this paper proposes a multi‐controller coordinated control strategy based on the inverter side of the hybrid cascaded HVDC system, which can suppress the subsequent commutation failure of the system and take into account the recovery characteristics of the system during the fault, which has certain practical application value. Initially, the operational properties of current error control (CEC) and voltage‐dependent current limit control (VDCOL) are examined, and a coordinated control technique for subsequent commutation failure suppression and rapid power recovery during fault is proposed. Secondly, aiming at the problem of power return between MMC after VDCOL regulation, the new VDCOL control curve is coordinated to improve the MMC control strategy to ensure stable recovery during system failure. Finally, the simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC simulation environment. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control technique can successfully achieve the synchronisation of commutation failure suppression and rapid, stable power restoration, thereby enhancing the operational performance of hybrid cascaded HVDC.
Turbulent pressure support in galaxy clusters
Authors: Groth Frederick , Valentini Milena , Steinwandel Ulrich P. , Vallés-Pérez David , Dolag Klaus
Published: December 2024

Context. The amount of turbulent pressure in galaxy clusters is still debated, especially in relation to the impact of the dynamical state and the hydro-method used for simulations.

Aims. We study the turbulent pressure fraction in the intracluster medium of massive galaxy clusters. We aim to understand the impact of the hydrodynamical scheme, analysis method, and dynamical state on the final properties of galaxy clusters from cosmological simulations.

Methods. We performed non-radiative simulations of a set of zoom-in regions of seven galaxy clusters with meshless finite mass (MFM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). We used three different analysis methods based on: (i) the deviation from hydrostatic equilibrium, (ii) the solenoidal velocity component obtained by a Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition, and (iii) the small-scale velocity obtained through a multi-scale filtering approach. We split the sample of simulated clusters into active and relaxed clusters.

Results. Our simulations predict an increased turbulent pressure fraction for active clusters compared to relaxed ones. This is especially visible for the velocity-based methods. For these, we also find increased turbulence for the MFM simulations compared to SPH, consistent with findings from more idealized simulations. The predicted nonthermal pressure fraction varies between a few percent for relaxed clusters and ≈13% for active ones within the cluster center and increases toward the outskirts. No clear trend with redshift is visible.

Conclusions. Our analysis quantitatively assesses the importance played by the hydrodynamical scheme and the analysis method to determine the nonthermal or turbulent pressure fraction. While our setup is relatively simple (non-radiative runs), our simulations show agreement with previous, more idealized simulations, and represent a step closer to an understanding of turbulence.
The ViCTORIA project
Authors: de Gasperin F. , Edler H. W. , Boselli A. , Serra P. , Fossati M. , Heesen V. , Merloni A. , Murgia M. , Reiprich T. H. , Spasic A. , Zabel N.
Published: December 2024

The Virgo cluster is the closest and richest nearby galaxy cluster. It is still in the formation process, with a number of sub-clusters undergoing merging and interactions. Although a great laboratory to study galaxy evolution and cluster formation, its large apparent size and the severe dynamic range limitations due to the presence of the bright radio source Virgo A (M 87) reduced the ability of past wide-area radio surveys to image the region with high levels of sensitivity and fidelity. In this paper we describe the Virgo Cluster multi-Telescope Observations in Radio of Interacting galaxies and AGN (ViCTORIA) project. The survey and its data reduction strategy are designed to mitigate the challenges of this field and deliver images from 42 MHz to 1.7 GHz frequencies of the Virgo cluster about 60 times deeper than existing data; final deliberables will include polarisation images and a blind H I survey aimed at mapping seven times more galaxies than previous experiments without selection biases. Data have been collected with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) using both the Low Band Antenna (LBA) and the High Band Antenna (HBA) systems and with MeerKAT in L-band, including polarisation and enough frequency resolution to conduct local H I studies. At the distance of Virgo, current radio instruments have the resolution to probe scales of ∼500 pc and the sensitivity to study dwarf galaxies, which are the most fragile systems given their shallow gravitational potential wells, making Virgo a unique laboratory to study galaxy evolution and AGN feedback in a rich environment. In this work, we present some preliminary results including the highest resolution images of the radio emission surrounding M 87 ever captured that show that the lobes are filled with filamentary structures. The combination of the presented radio surveys with state-of-the-art optical (NGVS, VESTIGE), UV (GUViCS), and X-ray (eROSITA) surveys will massively increase the scientific output from the studies of the Virgo cluster, making the ViCTORIA Project’s legacy value outstanding.
Arthroscopic Bone Grafting in Bilateral Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fracture Nonunion: An Illustrated Description
Authors: Ganesan Dinesh Naidu , Janak Parmar , Choudhury Muntasir Mannan , Jiang Jackson
Published: December 2024

Introduction We are presenting a case with bilateral scaphoid proximal nonunion which was treated by arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation, done concurrently at the same setting by two wrist surgeons adept in wrist arthroscopy. Our report describes the set up for the operation and the technique involved in arthroscopic bone grafting of proximal pole scaphoid nonunions.

Methods An 18-year-old male presented to the clinic with bilateral longstanding wrist pain. Imaging of both hands revealed a nonunited proximal pole scaphoid fracture with some signs of ischemia in the scaphoid bones of both hands. The patient underwent successful bilateral arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation. Supplemental video illustrations of operative procedure have been attached.

Results Computed tomography performed 3 months postoperatively showed incomplete osseous bridging indicating fracture healing. Post-implant removal at 6 months, the patient had full pain-free range of motion. Radiograph showed fracture healing. Visual analog scale and Mayo Wrist Score were used to objectively quantify patient outcomes and showed improvement.

Discussion Arthroscopic surgery is a viable alternative to open techniques and offers several advantages including smaller incisions, cosmetically favorable scars, reduced soft tissue injury, and reduced postoperative pain. It can be even more challenging if the presentation is bilateral. To reduce operative time and postoperative recovery, both scaphoids can be operated upon in the same setting. This requires a favorable operative setup and the presence of two wrist surgeons skilled in wrist arthroscopy.

Conclusion This case highlights the setup and the successful use of arthroscopic bone grafting and fixation to treat bilateral proximal pole scaphoid fracture nonunions where some surgeons would have opted for open techniques, staged procedures, or even doing consecutive procedures increasing the operative time and at times the total recovery time. The arthroscopic approach provides a promising alternative to open surgical techniques, which may be worth its learning curve. It also illustrates the approach to surgery in case of bilateral presentations.
Attempts to detect quantum diffusion of hydrogen atoms in a palladium single crystal
Authors: Astrakharchik E. G. , Shal’nikov A. I.
Published: December 2024

An attempt is made to detect quantum diffusion of electrolytically saturated hydrogen up to the limiting concentration in palladium single crystals. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient does not exceed 10−13 cm2 sec−1 at a temperature of 1.2°K
Hydrodynamics of superfluid 3He-A in a magnetic field under conditions of normal component retardation
Authors: Baramidze G. A. , Gurgenishvili G. E. , Kharadze G. A.
Published: December 2024

A linear hydrodynamic theory of superfluid 3He-A located in a strong magnetic field is constructed for the case in which the normal component is retarded. In particular, the transformation in the A1 phase of first sound into a magneto-acoustic wave on going from an open geometry to a narrow gap is investigated.
Surface tension of normal hydrogen and parahydrogen over the temperature range from the triple point to the critical point
Authors: Pashkov V. V. , Konovodchenko E. V. , Lobko M. P. , Khokhlov Yu. I.
Published: December 2024

The surface tension of normal hydrogen and parahydrogen is measured over the temperature range from 15 to 32 °K. The experimental data are analyzed on the basis of an earlier proposed model which takes into account the large role of quantum effects as well as of the difference between the interaction potentials of ortho- and paramolecules.
X-ray investigation of the equilibrium phase diagram of CH4-N2 solid mixtures
Authors: Prokhvatilov A. I. , Yantsevich L. D.
Published: December 2024

The phase diagram of solid methane-nitrogen mixtures is investigated by x rays. The boundaries of the maximum reciprocal solubility of the components are determined in the temperature range from 5 °K to the melting point of the mixture. The lattice parameters and molar volumes of the observed phases are studied as a function of temperature and concentration. Negative thermal expansion is found at certain temperatures and concentrations of nitrogen in methane crystals.
Range of applicability of the tunneling-hopping approximation in the quantum diffusion problem
Authors: Antsygina T. N. , Slyusarev V. A. , Strzhemechnyi M. A.
Published: December 2024

A generalization is suggested for the tunneling-hopping approximation formulated earlier for the quantum diffusion problem. It is shown that at a fairly high concentration x and a fairly low temperature T the diffusion coefficient of an impurity is proportional to T9, which is indicative of strong localization; the relations obtained earlier remain valid at higher temperatures. Taking the correlation in the motion of impurities in the lowest temperature range into account results in a diffusion coefficient that is temperature independent and is proportional to x–n, where n ≈ 4–5.
Maternal swimming with overload allied to postnatal high-fat, high-sugar diet induce subtle impairment on rat offspring’s ovarian redox homeostasis
Authors: Mariño Dal Magro Bárbara , dos Santos Bernardo Gindri , August Pauline Maciel , Menegotto Manuela Zeferino , Driemeier David , Matté Cristiane
Published: December 2024

Context The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept suggests that early-life interventions significantly influence the long-term health outcomes of offspring. Emerging evidence supports that maternal physical exercise and balanced nutrition can positively impact the health of the next generation. Aims This study investigated the effects of maternal swimming combined with postnatal high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet on the ovarian health of adult female Wistar rat offspring. Methods Adult female Wistar rats performed swimming exercise in a controlled temperature environment (32°C, 2% bodyweight overload adjusted daily) during 4 weeks, starting 1 week prior mating. The female offspring received a control or HFHS diet from postnatal day (PND) 21 to PND 90. We analyzed offspring’s body weight, ovarian histomorphology, redox status, and associated molecular pathways 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα), forkhead box O3 (FoxO3), and mitofusin 1 (Mfn-1). Key results Our findings reveal that maternal swimming exerted an effect on offspring body weight gain, delaying it. Individually, maternal exercise reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and mitofusin-1 levels, while the postnatal HFHS diet alone decreased both SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and increased the pFOXO3a/FOXO3a ratio in the ovaries. Conclusions We showed that combination of maternal swimming with a 2% overload and a postnatal HFHS diet can negatively affect the ovarian redox balance in offspring. Implications Prenatal and postnatal lifestyle might affect reproductive function in females.
Anisotropic stellar solutions in general relativity: stability and physical viability via Buchdahl spacetime
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Miglani Gazal , Chaudhary Sourav , Chandelkar Raj Singh
Published: December 2024

In this study, our aim is to generate the new anisotropic solution for compact stellar configurations with the help of Buchdahl geometry. We used the Buchdahl metric potential [J. Astrophys. Astron. 3, 325 (1982)] to deal with the field equations in general relativity framework. To get the constant parameters, the exterior Schwarzschild de Sitter solution is linked to the interior solution at the boundary. We discuss the behavior of density, radial and tangential pressure for the present model. We take the star candidates 4U 1820-30, PSR J1903+327, 4U 1608-52, 4U 1538-52 and HerX-1 to complete our analysis. The proposed compact stars equilibrium and stability states are analyzed using the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation, causality condition, adiabatic index and Harrison-Zeldovich-Novikov Criterion, respectively. It is noticed that our proposed model is suitable and provides viable results with Buchdahl geometry.
Transitory metamaterials based on symmetrical splitting of rotating squares
Authors: Lim Teik-Cheng
Published: December 2024

Materials exhibiting a negative Poisson’s ratio, known as auxetic materials, have garnered significant interest due to their unique mechanical properties and potential applications. This paper introduces a new class of auxetic metamaterials based on modified interconnected rotating rigid squares, where each square can split into two or four isosceles right triangles. The study explores three models categorized by their order of splitting, ranging from purely rotating squares (zeroth order) to systems with sub-units exhibiting relative motion (first and second orders). Detailed analyses of the in-plane Poisson’s ratio for these models were conducted, focusing on both infinitesimal and finite deformations. The results reveal that the proposed metamaterials demonstrate a transition in Poisson’s ratio behavior, characterized either by discontinuity or continuous but non-differentiable Poisson’s ratio at the transitory state between deformation mechanisms. This transition highlights the potential of these metamaterials to exhibit tunable mechanical responses, offering insights into designing materials with customized properties for advanced engineering applications.
Study of thermochromic material and its properties for visual indicators
Authors: Král R , Fortin L , Zemenová P , Akouibaa M , Poupon M , Nicaise A , Šafrata J P , Šafrata D D , Chevalier J M , Pokorný J , Houdková J , Jiříček P , Lachkar M , El Bali B
Published: December 2024

This work deals with the preparation and characterization of inorganic hybrid phosphite salt (enH2)[Ni(H2O)6](HPO3)2, where “en” stands for ethylenediamine (C2N2H8). This material belongs to a broad family of chromogenic compounds, which may have wide applications as pigments for visual indicators due to their color change in response to external stimuli (e.g. temperature, pressure, radiation, etc.). Such pigment can be used to develop new smart textiles, smart windows, safety sensors for innovative packaging, etc. However, before that it is necessary to understand the origin of color transition and the impact of the transition on its environment. Therefore, the (enH2)[Ni(H2O)6](HPO3)2 was studied by various thermoanalytical (OTM, TMA, DTA, TG, EGA), structural (HT XRPD, XPS), and optical (Raman spectroscopy) methods. Several color transitions were identified in the range from 67 to 215 °C, accompanied either by decomposition, recrystallization, or both. The first color change (from a translucent blue to an opaque light green) occurred at 67 °C due to a release of crystalline H2O. The final color change (from a green to a dark blue) was at ca. 215 °C due to the formation of the new phases (NixP and Ni2P). HT XRPD, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS observed the evolution of the crystallinity state and chemical bonding. Finally, the kinetic parameters (activation energy and reaction rate) of the first decomposition effect were determined via the Kissinger method.
Influence of specimen dimensions on the tensile behaviour of NiTi alloy
Authors: Losertová M , Kopelent M , Kratochvíl A , Kubášová K , Sedláček R , Kawuloková M , Zlá S , Adamczyk-Cieślak B
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the effect of specimen dimension on the tensile behaviour and superelasticity plateau of NiTi alloy with the composition of 56.31 wt.% Ni and 43.69 wt.% Ti. The development of stress-strain curves in tensile testing was evaluated for two different dimensions of NiTi specimens. The resulting properties of the testing material were discussed in relation to the phase composition determined by EDX, XRD, and DSC analysis.
Cherenkov real-time monitor for proton flash therapy
Authors: Akulinichev Sergey , Gavrilov Yuri , Djilkibaev Rashid
Published: December 2024

Flash therapy with ultra-high dose rate beams opens up the
possibility of significantly reducing radiation damage to normal
tissues. But that type of radiotherapy requires the development of
new methods for dosimetry and monitoring of beams, since many
conventional detectors are not fully suitable for these purposes. In
this work, the characteristics of a new proton beam monitor that
detects Cherenkov radiation from secondary delta electrons were
studied in flash mode of irradiation. This monitor is applicable for
proton beams of any intensity, very transparent for fast protons,
and can provide real-time control of the absorbed dose and beam
position. To record Cherenkov radiation, generated in a thin glass
radiator located in the beam in front of the target, we used
single-channel and multichannel photomultipliers. Proton beams with
an energy of 160 MeV and a current of 1 mA were studied. The
readings of a Cherenkov monitor, EBT-XD films, and a beam current
transformer were compared and consistency of these detectors was
found. The linearity of the Cherenkov monitor readings vs dose is
very high (R
2 = 0.9995). This monitor can be used for real-time
control of the absorbed dose and of the beam position in flash
therapy for any intensity of proton beams.
Declining resilience of forest carbon sinks linked to increased atmospheric water deficit during droughts in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Wu Xiaoyun , Xu Hang , Pang Jianzhuang , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: December 2024

Droughts have posed intense threats to the forest carbon sink (i.e. net ecosystem productivity, NEP), potentially elevating the risk of forest degradation and challenging the achievement of climatic and ecological goals. While global forest NEP endured, the resilience of NEP served as the ability of ecosystems to withstand and recover from perturbations and the underlying maintenance mechanisms during droughts remain unclear. Here, we explored the responses of NEP resilience, quantified by the lag-1 temporal autocorrelation coefficient (TAC) of two consecutive time series, to droughts based on 87 drought events across 45 forest sites with flux and meteorological observations in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, an interpretable machine learning algorithm was utilized to disentangle the synergistic effects of environmental and biotic factors on TAC, achieving a mean coefficient of determination of 0.87 for drought events with significantly increasing TAC and 0.91 for other drought events. Here, we found that the increase in NEP resilience could alleviate the negative effects of droughts, in contrast to a 2.5 times increase in the probability of NEP decline events associated with decreased NEP resilience. However, NEP resilience declined with the rise of drought intensification. The reduced reference canopy conductance (G
cref) was the primary constraint on NEP resilience maintenance, contributing 48% to the total influence of biotic factors. In addition, high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exacerbated the negative effects of soil moisture deficit, jointly leading to the decline in NEP resilience. Specifically, elevated VPD during droughts significantly reduced G
cref, indicating the vulnerability of tree hydraulic systems to compound stress. Overall, our study emphasizes the potential risks of the compound soil and atmospheric water deficit on forest NEP resilience and carbon sink across the Northern Hemisphere in the future.