bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy on functional outcomes in patients following robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Leitsmann Conrad , Uhlig Annemarie , Bremmer Felix , Mohr Mirjam Naomi , Trojan Lutz , Leitsmann Marianne , Reichert Mathias
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging guided prostate biopsy (mpMRI PBx) leads to a higher rate of successful nerve-sparing in robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (ns-RALP) for prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mpMRI PBx compared to standard ultrasound-guided PBx on functional outcomes focusing on erectile function in patients following ns-RALP.

Material and methods

All RALPs performed between 01/2016 and 06/2021 were retrospectively stratified according to (attempted) ns vs. non ns RALPs and were then categorized based on the PBx technique (mpMRI PBx vs. standard PBx). We compared RALP outcomes such as pathological tumor stage, rates of secondary nerve resection (SNR) and positive surgical margin status (PSM). Furthermore, we explored the association between PBx-technique and patient-reported outcomes assessed 12 months after RALP using the prospectively collected 26-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) questionnaire. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were conducted.

Results

A total of 849 RALPs included 517 (61%) procedures with (attempted) ns. Among these, 37.5% were diagnosed via preoperative mpMRI PBx. Patients with a preoperative standard PBx had a 57% higher association of PSM (p = 0.030) compared to patients with mpMRI PBx and a 24% higher risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) 12 months post RALP (p = 0.025). When ns was attempted, we observed a significantly higher rate of SNR in patients who underwent a standard PBx compared to those who received a mpMRI PBx (50.8% vs. 26.7%, p < 0.001) prior RALP. In comparison, upgrading occurred more often in the standard PBx group (50% vs. 40% mpMRI PBx, p = 0.008).

Conclusion

The combination of mpMRI PBx for PCa diagnosis followed by ns-RALP resulted in significantly fewer cases of SNR, better oncological outcomes and reduced incidence of ED 1 year after surgery. This included fewer PSM and a lower rate of postoperative tumor upgrading.
Design and Testing of Disconnection Actuators for Enhancing Safety and Preventing Failure Escalation
Authors: Akcay Yusuf , Tweedy Oliver , Giangrande Paolo , Galea Michael
Published: November 2023

The growing demand for reliability has led to an increased interest in developing effective disconnection systems for enhancing the safety of and preventing failure escalation in engineering systems. Considering this prospect, the design optimization of two disconnection actuators composed of a coaxial magnetic coupling linked to an electromagnetic device is presented and discussed. The disconnection actuator delivers a contactless torque transmission through the coaxial magnetic coupling, whereas the torque transfer is interrupted by the electromagnetic device in case a failure is detected via a dedicated algorithm. The performed design procedure relies on 2D finite element analysis, and trade-off studies are carried out to achieve an optimized geometry of an electromagnetic device. Finally, two disconnection actuators, for high-speed and high-torque applications, are prototyped and tested, with the aim of evaluating their disconnection capability. For both disconnection actuators, the developed force and voltage–current characteristics are measured along with the disconnection time.
Diet Influence on Sperm Quality, Fertility, and Reproductive Behavior in Karakul of Botoșani Rams
Authors: Pascal Constantin , Nechifor Ionică , Florea Marian Alexandru , Pânzaru Claudia , Simeanu Daniel , Mierliță Daniel
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze the influence of an improved diet with vitamins and minerals (VM) on the live weight, body condition, quality of sperm, behavior, and fertility of rams. The biological material comprised two groups of rams (L1—control and L2—VM supplemented), each consisting of 15 individuals. After a complete one-year cycle, they received different dietary treatments at the beginning of the preparation for the reproduction period. Although in the onset of the mounting period (SM), no significant differences were observed for live weight (p > 0.05), providing supplemental feeding of a VM complex allowed a better capitalization of body reserves, and, consequently, the rams’ groups differed significantly by the end of mating season (FM), for live weight (+4.1%; p < 0.001) and body condition score (+15.9%; p < 0.05). Adding vitamins and minerals to the L2 diet also improved sperm color (p < 0.001), sperm concentration (+11.8%; p < 0.01), live spermatozoa (+2.6%; p < 0.001), and decreased abnormal spermatozoa proportion (−7.0%; p < 0.01). The increase in the scrotum circumference in L2 (+4.57%) suggests that VM supplements improved testosterone secretion, spermatogenesis, and ejaculate volume (+10.20%; (p < 0.001), with a positive impact (p < 0.001) on mating behavior, on the gestation installation (+11.2%) and on the number of obtained lambs (+14.0%), as well as on the key economic indicators (+13.8% incomes per ram).
Design and Experiment of Uniform Seed Device for Wide-Width Seeder of Wheat after Rice Stubble
Authors: Luo Weiwen , Chen Xulei , Qin Mingyang , Guo Kai , Ling Jie , Gu Fengwei , Hu Zhichao
Published: November 2023

When wide-width sowing wheat after rice stubble (WRS) in a rice-wheat rotation area, there is a problem of poor uniform of seed distribution. To solve the problem, this study designed the seed distribution plate (SDP) structure and optimized its critical structure parameters. Firstly, combined with the operating principles of the wide-width seeder and the agricultural standards for WRS, the main structural parameters affecting seed movement were determined by a theoretical analysis of seed grain dynamics and SDP structure. Secondly, the operational performance of six different structures of SDP under different structural parameters was compared using discrete element simulation technology. The structure of SDP most suitable for WRS wide-width seeding and the value ranges of key structural parameters that have a significant impact on the coefficient of the variation of seed lateral uniformity (CVLU) were determined. Finally, the pattern and mechanism of the influence of key structural parameters of SDP on the CVLU were analyzed. The optimum parameter combination was obtained and a field validation test was conducted on this. The results showed that the anti-arc ridge and arc bottom structure (S6) is more suitable for the agronomy standards of WRS wide-width seeding. The chord length of ridge, installation inclination, angle between the chord and tangent of the end of ridge line (ACT), span, and bottom curve radius are determined as the key structural parameters affecting the CVLU, and there is a lower CVLU (42.8%) when the ACT is 13°. The primary and secondary order of the influence of each factor on CVLU is the chord length of the ridge, span, installation inclination, and bottom curve radius. The corresponding parameter values after optimization are 140 mm, 40°, 75 mm and 50 mm, respectively. A field test was conducted on the SDP after optimizing parameters, and the CVLU was 30.27%, which was significantly lower than the CVLU before optimization.
A Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide to Using Data Science Tools in the Gestion of Epidemiological and Climatological Data in Rice Production Systems
Authors: Rodríguez-Almonacid Deidy Viviana , Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo , Higuera Olga Lucia , Hernández Francisco , Díaz-Almanza Eliecer
Published: November 2023

The application of data science (DS) techniques has become increasingly essential in various fields, including epidemiology and climatology in agricultural production systems. In this sector, traditionally large amounts of data are acquired, but not well-managed and -analyzed as a basis for evidence-based decision-making processes. Here, we present a comprehensive step-by-step guide that explores the use of DS in managing epidemiological and climatological data within rice production systems under tropical conditions. Our work focuses on using the multi-temporal dataset associated with the monitoring of diseases and climate variables in rice in Colombia during eight years (2012–2019). The study comprises four main phases: (I) data cleaning and organization to ensure the integrity and consistency of the dataset; (II) data management involving web-scraping techniques to acquire climate information from free databases, like WordClim and Chelsa, validation against in situ weather stations, and bias removal to enrich the dataset; (III) data visualization techniques to effectively represent the gathered information, and (IV) a basic analysis related to the clustering and climatic characterization of rice-producing areas in Colombia. In our work, a process of evaluation and the validation of climate data are conducted based on errors (r, R2, MAE, RSME) and bias evaluation metrics. In addition, in phase II, climate clustering was conducted based on a PCA and K-means algorithm. Understanding the association of climatic and epidemiological data is pivotal in predicting and mitigating disease outbreaks in rice production areas. Our research underscores the significance of DS in managing epidemiological and climatological data for rice production systems. By applying a protocol responsible for DS tools, our study provides a solid foundation for further research into disease dynamics and climate interactions in rice-producing regions and other crops, ultimately contributing to more informed decision-making processes in agriculture.
A Proposal for Lodging Judgment of Rice Based on Binocular Camera
Authors: Yang Yukun , Liang Chuqi , Hu Lian , Luo Xiwen , He Jie , Wang Pei , Huang Peikui , Gao Ruitao , Li Jiehao
Published: November 2023

Rice lodging is a crucial problem in rice production. Lodging during growing and harvesting periods can decrease rice yields. Practical lodging judgment for rice can provide effective reference information for yield prediction and harvesting. This article proposes a binocular camera-based lodging judgment method for rice in real-time. As a first step, the binocular camera and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) were calibrated. Secondly, Census and Grayscale Level cost features are constructed for stereo matching of left and right images. The Cross-Matching Cost Aggregation method is improved to compute the aggregation space in the LAB color space. Then, the Winner-Takes-All algorithm is applied to determine the optimal disparity for each pixel. A disparity map is constructed, and Multi-Step Disparity Refinement is applied to the disparity map to generate the final one. Finally, coordinate transformation obtains 3D world coordinates corresponding to pixels. IMU calculates the real-time pose of the binocular camera. A pose transformation is applied to the 3D world coordinates of the rice to obtain its 3D world coordinates in the horizontal state of the camera (pitch and roll angles are equal to 0). Based on the distance between the rice and the camera level, thresholding was used to determine whether the region to be detected belonged to lodging rice. The disparity map effect of the proposed matching algorithm was tested on the Middlebury Benchmark v3 dataset. The results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the widely used Semi-Global Block Matching (SGBM) stereo-matching algorithm. Field images of rice were analyzed for lodging judgments. After the threshold judgment, the lodging region results were accurate and could be used to judge rice lodging. By combining the algorithms with binocular cameras, the research results can provide practical technical support for yield estimation and intelligent control of rice harvesters.
Gut Microbiome Profiling of the Endangered Southern Greater Glider (Petauroides volans) after the 2019–2020 Australian Megafire
Authors: Clough Jordyn , Schwab Sibylle , Mikac Katarina
Published: November 2023

Studying the gut microbiome can provide valuable insights into animal health and inform the conservation management of threatened wildlife. Gut microbiota play important roles in regulating mammalian host physiology, including digestion, energy metabolism and immunity. Dysbiosis can impair such physiological processes and compromise host health, so it is essential that the gut microbiome be considered in conservation planning. The southern greater glider (Petauroides volans) is an endangered arboreal marsupial that faced widespread habitat fragmentation and population declines following the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season. This study details baseline data on the gut microbiome of this species. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified from scats collected from individuals inhabiting burnt and unburnt sites across southeastern Australia and sequenced to determine bacterial community composition. Southern greater glider gut microbiomes were characterised by high relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, which is consistent with that reported for other marsupial herbivores. Significant differences in gut microbial diversity and community structure were detected among individuals from different geographic locations. Certain microbiota and functional orthologues were also found to be significantly differentially abundant between locations. The role of wildfire in shaping southern greater glider gut microbiomes was shown, with some significant differences in the diversity and abundance of microbiota detected between burnt and unburnt sites. Overall, this study details the first data on greater glider (Petauroides) gut microbiomes, laying the foundation for future studies to further explore relationships between microbial community structure, environmental stressors and host health.
Long-Term Feeding of Dairy Goats with 40% Artichoke by-Product Silage Preserves Milk Yield, Nutritional Composition and Animal Health Status
Authors: Monllor Paula , Zemzmi Jihed , Muelas Raquel , Roca Amparo , Sendra Esther , Romero Gema , Díaz José Ramón
Published: November 2023

The aim of this work is to study the effect of 40% inclusion of artichoke by-product silage (AB) in dairy goat diets on milk yield, composition and animal health status during a full lactation period compared to an isoenergetic and isoproteic mixed ration based on alfalfa hay and a cereal and legume mixture. Milk yield was not affected by the dietary treatments, and neither was body weight. AB treatment reduced whey protein (0.38 vs. 0.42%, p < 0.05) and milk urea concentrations (687 vs. 773 mg/L, respectively, p < 0.001), and did not affect total true protein (3.22 vs. 3.24% p > 0.05) or other macro-composition variables. AB treatment showed higher milk concentrations of Ca (p < 0.05), Mn (p < 0.01), Cu (p < 0.01) and Zn (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (C). Slight differences were observed in milk fatty acid profile without any negative effects (p > 0.05) on the blood cholesterol and glucose of goats. The AB group reduced blood urea due to its high dietary total phenol content. However, it had a positive effect on β-hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (p > 0.05). It was concluded that 40% artichoke by-product inclusion in dairy goat feed for the whole lactation period (23 weeks) is a sustainable solution, reducing feeding cost by 12.5% per kg of dry matter, contributing to a better circular economy without any negative repercussions on the productivity and health of Murciano–Granadina dairy goats.
Substitution Impact of Tuna By-Product Meal for Fish Meal in the Diets of Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) on Growth and Feed Availability
Authors: Li Ran , Cho Sung Hwoan
Published: November 2023

This experiment was performed to assess the substitution impact of fish meal (FM) with tuna by-product meal (TBM) in feeds on growth and feed availability of the early stage of juvenile rockfish (S. schlegeli). Six experimental feeds were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic. Fifty-five percent of FM was contained in the control (Con) diet. In the Con diet, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% FM were replaced by TBM, named the TBM20, TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, and TBM100 diets, respectively. A total of 540 early-stage juvenile rockfish averaging 2.4 g was divided into 18 tanks and hand-fed to satiation for 56 days. Weight gain and feed consumption of rockfish fed the TBM20 and TBM40 diets were comparable to rockfish fed the Con diet. The specific growth rate (SGR) of rockfish fed the Con diet was comparable to rockfish fed the TBM20, TBM40, and TBM60 diets. Feed efficiency, biometric indices, hematological parameters, proximate composition, and amino acid profiles of rockfish were not impacted by dietary treatments. The economic profit index (EPI) of the Con, TBM20, and TBM40 diets were higher than that of all other diets. FM up to 40% could be substitutable with TBM in the diets of rockfish without deteriorating weight gain and feed consumption, but producing the highest EPI.
Terminalia petiolaris A.Cunn ex Benth. Extracts Have Antibacterial Activity and Potentiate Conventional Antibiotics against β-Lactam-Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Zai Muhammad Jawad , Cheesman Matthew James , Cock Ian Edwin
Published: November 2023

Terminalia petiolaris A. Cunn. Ex Benth. (genus: Terminalia, family: Combretaceae) is native to Australia. Terminalia spp. have traditionally been used to treat various ailments, including bacterial infections. Solvents of varying polarity were used to extract compounds from leaves of this species, and the extracts were tested against a panel of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. The methanolic and water extracts showed substantial inhibitory activity against several bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains in both disc diffusion and liquid dilution assays. Combining these extracts with selected conventional antibiotics enhanced the inhibition of bacterial growth for some combinations, while others showed no significant interaction. In total, two synergistic, twenty-five additive, twenty-three non-interactive and one antagonistic interaction were observed. The methanolic and ethyl acetate plant extracts were found to be non-toxic in Artemia franciscana nauplii toxicity assays. A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis identified several flavonoid compounds, including miquelianin, trifolin and orientin, which might contribute to the observed activities. The potential modes of these active extracts are further discussed in this study.
Observation Capability Evaluation Model for Flood-Observation-Oriented Satellite Sensor Selection
Authors: Duan Mu , Zhang Yunbo , Liu Ran , Chen Shen , Deng Guoquan , Yi Xiaowei , Li Jie , Yang Puwei
Published: November 2023

Satellite sensors are one of the most important means of collecting real-time geospatial information. Due to their characteristics such as large spatial coverage and strong capability for dynamic monitoring, they are widely used in the observation of real-time flood situation information for flood situational awareness and response. Selecting the optimum sensor is vital when multiple sensors exist. Presently, sensor selection predominantly hinges on human experience and various quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods. Yet, these methods lack optimization considering the flood’s spatiotemporal characteristics, such as different flood phases and geographical environmental factors. Consequently, they may inaccurately evaluate and select the inappropriate sensor. To address this issue, an innovative observation capability evaluation model (OCEM) is proposed to quantitatively pre-evaluate the performance of flood-water-observation-oriented satellite sensors. The OCEM selects and formulates various flood-water-observation-related capability factors and supports dynamic weight assignment considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of the flood event. An experiment involving three consecutive flood phase observation tasks was conducted. The results demonstrated the flexibility and effectiveness of the OCEM in pre-evaluating the observation capability of various satellite sensors across those tasks, accounting for the spatiotemporal characteristics of different flood phases. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative comparisons with related methods further affirmed the superiority of the OCEM. In general, the OCEM has provided a “measuring table” to optimize the selection and planning of sensors in flood management departments for acquiring real-time flood information.
Resource Scheduling Method for Equipment Maintenance Based on Dynamic Pricing Model in Cloud Manufacturing
Authors: Wu Ying , Zhou Xianzhong , Xia Qingfeng , Peng Lisha
Published: November 2023

Cloud manufacturing, as a novel service mode in the manufacturing field with the features of flexible resource assignment, timely service, and quantity-based pricing, has attracted extensive attention in recent years. The cloud manufacturing industry uses a significant amount of smart equipment. In this context, equipment maintenance resource scheduling (EMRS) is an important subject that needs to be studied. Cloud manufacturing platforms must provide effective services for equipment maintenance in a timely manner. In order to improve the efficiency of cloud manufacturing platforms and meet the needs of users, an effective EMRS scheme is required. In this paper, we propose a dynamic resource allocation model for cloud manufacturing to meet the needs of users and maximize the benefit of a cloud manufacturing platform. The model takes into account the needs of users and the benefits of a cloud production platform. The contributions of this paper are divided into the following three aspects. First, the E-CARGO model using role-based collaboration theory is introduced to formally model EMRS activities, forming a solvable optimization model. Second, a dynamic pricing model with a center symmetric curve is designed to realize the flexible conversion between time, cost, and price. Third, the concept of satisfaction in fuzzy mathematics is introduced, in order to meet the different needs of users and platforms, in terms of time, price, and cost, while ensuring service quality and the platform’s benefits. Finally, an improved genetic algorithm is used to solve the cloud manufacturing resource scheduling problem, and good experimental results are obtained. These results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic pricing model is reasonable, and the allocation scheme obtained through a genetic algorithm is feasible and effective.
Collaborative Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms in the Search of Better Pareto Fronts: An Application to Trading Systems
Authors: Soltero Francisco J. , Fernández-Blanco Pablo , Hidalgo J. Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Technical indicators use graphic representations of datasets by applying various mathematical formulas to financial time series of prices. These formulas comprise a set of rules and parameters whose values are not necessarily known and depend on many factors, such as the market in which they operate, the size of the time window, and so on. This paper focuses on the real-time optimization of the parameters applied for analyzing time series of data. In particular, we optimize the parameters of some technical financial indicators. We propose the combination of several Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms. Unlike other approaches, this paper applies a set of different Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms, collaborating to construct a global Pareto Set of solutions. Solutions for financial problems seek high returns with minimal risk. The optimization process is continuous and occurs at the same frequency as the investment time interval. This technique permits the application of the non-dominated solutions obtained with different MOEAs at the same time. Experimental results show that Collaborative Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms obtain up to 22% of profit and increase the returns of the commonly used Buy and Hold strategy and other multi-objective strategies, even for daily operations.
Harnessing Energy Balance and Genetic Algorithms for Efficient Building Demolition
Authors: Chen Kun , Wang Yun , Lin Zenggang
Published: November 2023

In the realm of building demolition, ensuring the uniform distribution of energy from multiple sources is of paramount significance for the systematic deconstruction of large structures. This study presents an integrated methodology that combines genetic optimization and potential energy balance to determine the most suitable locations for multiple energy release points, thereby enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the demolition process. We initiate our approach by randomly selecting energy release points within a building model and subsequently simulate energy dispersion utilizing a potential function until reaching stable boundaries. In instances where the discrepancy in the area between the regions with maximum and minimum energy dispersion exceeds a predefined threshold, we instigate an optimization process employing genetic algorithms. This optimization process involves genetic crossover and mutation operations, followed by subsequent energy balance calculations. The result is not only an improvement in demolition efficiency but also an assurance of even energy coverage throughout the target area.
Research into a Marine Helicopter Traction System and Its Dynamic Energy Consumption Characteristics
Authors: Jia Tuo , Shao Tucun , Liu Qian , Yang Pengcheng , Li Zhinuo , Zhang Heng
Published: November 2023

As countries attach great importance to the ocean-going navigation capability of ships, the energy consumption of shipborne equipment has attracted much attention. Although energy consumption analysis is a guiding method to improve energy efficiency, it often ignores the dynamic characteristics of the system. However, the traditional dynamic analysis method hardly considers the energy consumption characteristics of the system. In this paper, a new type of electric-driven helicopter traction system is designed based on the ASIST system. Combined with power bond graph theory, a system dynamic modeling method that considers both dynamic and energy consumption characteristics is proposed, and simulation analysis is carried out. The results indicate that the designed traction system in this study displays high responsiveness, robust, steady-state characteristics, and superior energy efficiency. When it engages with helicopter-borne aircraft, it swiftly transitions to a stable state within 0.2 s while preserving an efficient speed tracking effect under substantial load force, and no significant fluctuations are detected in the motor rotation rate or the helicopter movement velocity. Moreover, it presents a high energy utilization rate, achieving an impressive energy utilization rate of 84% per single working cycle. Simultaneously, the proposed modeling methodology is validated as sound and effective, particularly apt for the dynamic and power consumption analysis of marine complex machinery systems, guiding the high-efficiency design of the transmission system.
Severity of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement and Generalized Joint Hypermobility in Growing Patients: A Cross-Sectional Magnetic Resonance Image Study
Authors: De Stefano Adriana Assunta , Boboc Ana Maria , Horodynski Martina , Impellizzeri Alessandra , Serritella Emanuela , Galluccio Gabriella
Published: November 2023

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), in particular the severity of disc displacement (DD), and the presence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) in growing patients evaluated on magnetic resonance images (MRIs). The study also investigated the relationship between the stages of DD severity and age. Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted on a pre-orthodontic population (8–16 years). The GJH was assessed with the Beighton test (cutoff ≥ 4) and the final sample of 56 patients was divided into two groups: a study group, 30 subjects with GJH, and a control group, 26 subjects without GJH. The disc position was evaluated on MRI and the severity of DD was classified in four stages. Pearson’s χ2 Test was performed for the analysis of the statistical correlation. Results: A statistically significant relationship between GJH and disc position was found, in particular, a disc displacement with reduction (DDwR) and DD severity. A positive association also emerged between the severity of DD and age, that increased with increasing age. Conclusions: The research results suggest that there is an association between the presence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and disc displacement (DD) in growing patients. Growing patients with GJH showed a higher severity of DD. In older patients, greater severity of DD was evident, suggesting that this condition may worsen with age during growth.
Powdered Foods: Structure, Processing, and Challenges: A Review
Authors: Ueda Jonata M. , Morales Patricia , Fernández-Ruiz Virginia , Ferreira Anabela , Barros Lillian , Carocho Marcio , Heleno Sandrina A.
Published: November 2023

Powdered foods are easy to store and transport, with a longer shelf life that minimizes potential waste, contributing to sustainable development. Each food category has a unique composition, responsible for its chemical and physical attributes, which directly influences the stability of powdered products. The drying method used is essential to obtain the desired characteristics of the powdered food, and the choice of each technology can provide unique morphological properties regarding size, shape, and density, among other factors. Furthermore, rehydration properties must also be investigated, as they play a fundamental role in the reconstitution of powdered foods, influencing the dispersion and dissolution of the powder in liquids. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the powdered food manufacturing process and its advantages. Special attention is given to the desirable properties of food powders, challenges related to stability, powdered food reconstitution properties, and case studies regarding many powdered foods.
Robust Input Shapers for Acceleration-Limit Actuators
Authors: Kim Chang-Lae , Sung Yoon-Gyung
Published: November 2023

In this study, robust input shapers consisting of only three impulses are proposed for reducing the residual deflection of flexible systems with acceleration-limit actuators, while maintaining the robust control performance associated with system parameter uncertainties. The unequal acceleration and braking delays of such actuators can produce large residual oscillations owing to the distortion of shaped commands in undamped flexible systems during rest-to-rest operations. Thus, two types of robust input shapers are analytically developed using a phase vector approach with the adoption of the ramp-step function to approximate the dynamics of acceleration-limit actuators and with the utilization of conventional robust shapers. The proposed robust input shapers are numerically evaluated with respect to the command completeness effect, and the residual deflection and parameter uncertainties are experimentally validated using a mini bridge crane. The proposed robust shapers exhibit a higher robustness performance than classical robust input shapers.
Six Sigma Analysis of Mini-Plate Fixation Systems Used in Human Mandible Fractures: A Clinical Case Study of Symphysis Fracture
Authors: Shokry Abdallah , Kharmanda Ghais , Mulki Hasan , Kharma Mohamed Yaser , Mahmoud Saleh
Published: November 2023

The objective of Six Sigma Analysis (SSA) is to determine the robustness level of a current design, process or system considering the expected range of an input parameter. This strategy has been successfully applied to several fields, including healthcare management. This work presents a novel study of SSA to assess the mini-plate fixation employed for mandible fracture. The objective is to reflect the number of concerns in a surgical operation case by performing a statistical measurement of operation capability. A three-dimensional finite element model of a clinical case is elaborated. Some muscles may be severed or damaged during surgery and unable to function to their full potential. To obtain reliable designs, these muscle forces are considered as random variables. The Six Sigma analysis is used to determine if the output parameters satisfy the Six Sigma quality criteria or not. The remarked potential failure modes in this study are found to be similar to those found in a previous reliability study that was applied to the same clinical case. According to the results of SSA, the assessment level (2.462 << 6) means that much of the data are outside of the demand, and require several improvements to ensure patient satisfaction.
Advancements and Applications of Rim-Driven Fans in Aerial Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kasaei Afshar , Yang Wenjiang , Wang Zihao , Yan Juzhuang
Published: November 2023

As the aviation industry seeks sustainable propulsion solutions, innovative technologies have emerged, among which rim-driven fan (RDF) systems hold notable promise. This comprehensive review paper deeply investigates RDF technology, uncovering its principles, benefits, and transformative potential for aviation propulsion. Amid escalating concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, the aviation sector’s shift towards electric propulsion has gained impetus. RDF technology has emerged as a beacon of optimism, heralding the prospect of energy-efficient and eco-conscious air travel. Navigating the slower development pace of RDF technology for aerospace applications, this paper draws insights from analogous marine technologies and relevant literature. Merging these realms, this paper meticulously examines RDF systems, spotlighting their unique attributes, with particular emphasis on the rim-driven configuration and its fundamental design principles. This review delves into the progressive strides accomplished in RDF’s evolution, encompassing the spectrum from evolving electric motor variants to intricate design considerations, strategic noise and vibration management, innovative control methodologies, advancements in bearing technology, and the strategic integration of finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for comprehensive performance optimization. In the context of aviation’s electrification journey, the exploration of RDF technology marks a pivotal inflection point. This paper concludes by succinctly encapsulating pivotal insights, accentuating RDF technology’s central role in reshaping aviation’s propulsion paradigm. As the aviation sector charts a course towards sustainable progress, the lessons gleaned from RDF technology are poised to chart the trajectory of aviation’s environmental transformation.
Deep Learning-Based Method for Classification and Ripeness Assessment of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Tapia-Mendez Enoc , Cruz-Albarran Irving A. , Tovar-Arriaga Saul , Morales-Hernandez Luis A.
Published: November 2023

Food waste is a global concern and is the focus of this research. Currently, no method in the state of the art classifies multiple fruits and vegetables and their level of ripening. The objective of the study is to design and develop an intelligent system based on deep learning techniques to classify between types of fruits and vegetables, and also to evaluate the level of ripeness of some of them. The system consists of two models using the MobileNet V2 architecture. One algorithm is for the classification of 32 classes of fruits and vegetables, and another is for the determination of the ripeness of 6 classes of them. The overall intelligent system is the union of the two models, predicting first the class of fruit or vegetable and then its ripeness. The fruits and vegetables classification model achieved 97.86% accuracy, 98% precision, 98% recall, and 98% F1-score, while the ripeness assessment model achieved 100% accuracy, 98% precision, 99% recall, and 99% F1-score. According to the results, the proposed system is able to classify between types of fruits and vegetables and evaluate their ripeness. To achieve the best performance indicators, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate hyperparameters for the artificial intelligence models, in addition to having an extensive database with well-defined classes.
Investigation of a New Vibration-Absorbing Roller Cage Shoe with a Magnetorheological Damper in Mine Hoisting Systems
Authors: Zhu Yu , Yan Rui , Liu Di , Deng Xiaojie , Yao Jiannan
Published: November 2023

In the mine hoisting system, rigid guide failures and the influence of internal and external airflow intensify vessel transverse vibration, heightening demands on operational safety and equipment reliability. This paper focuses on integrating magnetorheological dampers and disc springs as the roller cage shoe buffer for vibration control, resulting in an innovative buffer device. The structure and magnetic circuit were meticulously designed. Using Maxwell simulation, we analyzed the impact of magnetic circuit parameters—specifically the damping gap and core radius—on the magnetorheological damper. We optimized these parameters through orthogonal testing to enhance damping and vibration reduction. This led to a notable 58% increase in the damper output force. A virtual prototype of the lifting system under actual working conditions was established. A simulation analysis verified the vibration-damping performance of the optimized roller cage shoe. The results indicate that the new roller cage shoes effectively inhibit transverse vibration, surpassing traditional roller cage shoe performance. This is scientifically and practically significant for ensuring safe cage shoe lifting system operation. This paper can provide a crucial theoretical basis for the design of roller cage shoes in ultra-deep mine lifting systems.
Improvement of Subsurface Thermal Characteristics for Green Parks
Authors: Dafalla Muawia , Al-Mahbashi Ahmed
Published: November 2023

The ground surface of green parks in arid and semi-arid areas may not be comfortable at specific times during the day and night due to the sun and the rate at which the subsoil gains or loses heat. Knowledge of the subsurface soil’s thermal properties can provide designers with convenient and comfortable settings. Design focus is generally directed toward stability, density, and hydraulic conductivity. An assessment of the thermal properties of clay–sand mixtures of 10%, 20%, and 30% clay content is conducted. The proposed clay–sand layers are subjected to three different thermal gradients of 30, 20, and 10 degrees of magnitude. The profile of temperature changes was monitored using 5TE sensors and data loggers. The mixtures were also subjected to cooling at room temperature. The results indicate that the clay type and the clay content govern the response of subsurface clay–sand liners to temperature gain and loss. Two field sections with clay–sand layers of 15% and 20% clay were examined for temperature changes over an extended period. In winter, green areas rich in clays were found to keep heat for several hours and provide relatively warm evenings. In summer, the mixture retains a cool temperature for some time during the day.
RPREC: A Radar Plot Recognition Algorithm Based on Adaptive Evidence Classification
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhao Yingbo , Shi Yuan
Published: November 2023

When radar receives target echoes to form plots, it is inevitably affected by clutter, which brings a lot of imprecise and uncertain information to target recognition. Traditional radar plot recognition algorithms often have poor performance in dealing with imprecise and uncertain information. To solve this problem, a radar plot recognition algorithm based on adaptive evidence classification (RPREC) is proposed in this paper. The RPREC can be considered as the evidence classification version under the belief functions. First, the recognition framework based on the belief functions for target, clutter, and uncertainty is created, and a deep neural network model classifier that can give the class of radar plots is also designed. Secondly, according to the classification results of each iteration round, the decision pieces of evidence are constructed and fused. Before being fused, evidence will be corrected based on the distribution of radar plots. Finally, based on the global fusion results, the class labels of all radar plots are updated, and the classifier is retrained and updated so as to iterate until all the class labels of radar plots are no longer changed. The performance of the RPREC is verified and analyzed based on the real radar plot datasets by comparison with other related methods.
Training to Compete: Are Basketball Training Loads Similar to Competition Achieved?
Authors: Feu Sebastián , García-Ceberino Juan M. , López-Sierra Pablo , Ibáñez Sergio J.
Published: November 2023

Basketball players should train at intensities similar to those recorded in competition, but are the intensities really similar? This study aimed to quantify and compare the internal and external intensities assimilated by professional basketball players, both in training and in competition, according to context and the specific player position. Players from the same team in the Spanish ACB competition were monitored for three weeks. The sample recorded intensities in 5 vs. 5 game situations in both training (n = 221) and competition (n = 32). The intensities, as dependent variables, were classified into kinematic external workload demands (distances, high-intensity displacements, accelerations, decelerations, the acceleration:deceleration ratio, jumps, and landings), neuromuscular external workload demands (impacts and player load), and internal workload demands (heart rate). They were measured using inertial measurement devices and pulsometers. The playing positions, as independent variables, were grouped into guard, forward, and center. According to the context, the results reported a significant mismatch of all training intensities, except jumps, with respect to competition; these intensities were lower in training. According to the playing position, inside players recorded more jumps and landings per minute than point guards and outside players in training. In turn, inside players recorded a higher average heart rate per minute than outside players in this same context. There were no significant differences in intensity according to the playing position in the competition. Considering the context–position interaction, no differences were observed in the intensities. Adjusting and optimizing training intensities to those recorded in competition is necessary.
Examining the Optimal Use of WBG Devices in Induction Cookers
Authors: Erken Ahmet , Obdan Atiye Hulya
Published: November 2023

Modern induction cookers have started to demand challenging features such as slim design, high power ratings, high performance, and silence. All those requirements are directly related to the power semiconductors used in power converters. Si (silicon)-based power semiconductors are not capable of answering those demands because of strict operating conditions, such as high ambient temperatures. Therefore, WBG (Wide Band Gap) power semiconductors have been getting attention. In this study, WBG power semiconductors will be compared with Si-based IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) under different operating conditions. The best option to use WBG power semiconductors in modern induction cookers will be analyzed. The performance of a series-resonant half-bridge converter was evaluated under various operating conditions. Measurements were obtained from the real operating conditions of induction hobs. The switching frequency is changed from 20 kHz to 100 kHz, while the power rating is increased to 3.7 kW. In addition to traditional 4-zone induction cooktops, this discussion also provides a comprehensive analysis of high-segment, fully flexible induction cooktops. While the IGBT-based design exhibits 25.79 W power loss per device, the WBG device exhibits 6.87 W in the maximum power condition of conventional induction cooker operation. When it comes to high-frequency operation, the WBG power device exhibits 10.05 W at 95 kHz. Total power loss is still well below that of the IGBT-based conventional design. Appropriate usage of WBG power semiconductors in modern induction cookers can exploit many more benefits than Si-based designs.
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Acoustic Properties of Bimodal and Modulated Macroporous Structures
Authors: Otaru Abdulrazak Jinadu , Adeniyi Olalekan David , Bori Ige , Olugboji Olufemi Ayodeji , Odigure Joseph Obofoni
Published: November 2023

In recent decades, cellular metallic materials have increasingly been used for control of reverberation and cutback. These materials offer a unique combination of expanded pores, high specific surfaces, improved structural performance, low weight, corrosion resistance at high temperatures, and a fixed/rigid pore network (i.e., at the boundaries, porosity does not change). This study examines the ability of sphere-packing models combined with numerical modelling and simulations to predict the acoustic properties of bimodal and modulated bottleneck-shaped macroporous structures that can realistically be achieved through liquid melts infiltration casting technique. The simulations show that porosity, openings, pore sizes and permeability of the material have significant effects on acoustics, and the predictions are consistent with experimental data substantiated in the literature. The modelling suggests that the creation of bimodal structures increases the capacity of the interstitial pores and pore contacts. The result is improved sound absorption properties and spectra, characterised by a pore volume fraction of 0.73 and a mean pore size to mean pore opening ratio of 4.8 for the 50% volume bimodal structure created at a 10 µm capillary radius. The importance of how pore structure-related parameters and existing fluid flow regimes can modulate the sound absorption performance of macroporous structures was revealed by numerical simulations of the sound absorption spectra for dual-porosity and dilated macroporous structures working from high-resolution tomography datasets. Sound absorption properties were optimised for structures having pore volume fractions between 0.68 and 0.76, maintaining the mean pore size to mean pore opening ratios between 4.0 and 6.0. Using this approach, enhanced and self-supporting macroporous structures may be designed and fabricated for efficient sound absorption in specific applications.
Vector Beams with Only Transverse Intensity at Focus
Authors: Stafeev Sergey S. , Kazakov Nikita N. , Zaitsev Vladislav D. , Poletayev Sergey D. , Kotlyar Victor V.
Published: November 2023

In this work, the tight focusing of vector beams with azimuthal polarization and beams with a V-line of polarization singularity (sector azimuthal polarization) was simulated numerically using the Richards–Wolf formulas. It was demonstrated that in a tight focus for these beams, there is no longitudinal component of the electric field. Previously, a similar effect was demonstrated for azimuthally polarized light only. The longitudinal component of the spin angular momentum for these beams was calculated, and the possibility of creating sector azimuthally polarized beams (beams with V-line singularities) using vector waveplates was demonstrated.