bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of asymmetric macular sensitivity on visual acuity chart reading in choroideremia
Authors: Baffour‐Awuah Kwame A. , Taylor Laura J. , Josan Amandeep S. , Jolly Jasleen K. , MacLaren Robert E.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Degeneration in choroideremia, unlike typical centripetal photoreceptor degenerations, is centred temporal to the fovea. Once the fovea is affected, the nasal visual field (temporal retina) is relatively spared, and the preferred retinal locus shifts temporally. Therefore, when reading left to right, only the right eye reads into a scotoma. We investigate how this unique property affects the ability to read an eye chart.

Methods

Standard‐ and low‐luminance visual acuity (VA) for right and left eyes were measured with the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Letters in each line were labelled by column position. The numbers of letter errors for each position across the whole chart were summed to produce total column error scores for each participant. Macular sensitivity was assessed using microperimetry. Central sensitivity asymmetry was determined by the temporal‐versus‐nasal central macular difference and subsequently correlated to a weighted ETDRS column error score. Healthy volunteers and participants with X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator associated retinitis pigmentosa (RPGR‐RP) were used as controls.

Results

Thirty‐nine choroideremia participants (median age 44.9 years [IQR 35.7–53.5]), 23 RPGR‐RP participants (median age 30.8 years [IQR 26.5–40.5]) and 35 healthy controls (median age 23.8 years [IQR 20.3–29.0]) were examined. In choroideremia, standard VA in the right eye showed significantly greater ETDRS column errors on the temporal side compared with the nasal side (p = 0.002). This significantly correlated with greater asymmetry in temporal‐versus‐nasal central macular sensitivity (p = 0.04). No significant patterns in ETDRS column errors or central macular sensitivity were seen in the choroideremia left eyes, nor in RPGR‐RP and control eyes.

Conclusion

Difficulty in tracking across lines during ETDRS VA testing may cause excess errors independent of true VA. VA assessment with single‐letter optotype systems may be more suitable, particularly for patients with choroideremia, and potentially other retinal diseases with asymmetric central macular sensitivity or large central scotomas including geographic atrophy.
A retrospective comparison of IgE‐mediated cow's milk protein allergy management strategies in pediatric cohorts
Authors: Trujillo Juan , Cronin Caoimhe , Heng Tessa Ah , Flores Laura , McGinley Anne Marie , Gallagher Aoife , Muñoz Cristina , Velasco Roberto , Hourihane Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Background

Complete avoidance of milk is the usual management for IgE‐mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). A baked milk ladder is a method of dietary advancement therapy in IgE‐mediated CMPA in Ireland, while in Spain, avoidance of milk awaiting natural tolerance acquisition through an oral food challenge (OFC) is employed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of dietary advancement therapy using a milk ladder compared with complete avoidance of milk for managing IgE‐mediated CMPA.

Methods

This is a retrospective chart review of 371 pediatric patients from the population who have been treated for IgE‐mediated CMPA between 2011 and 2020, with the milk ladder (Ireland) or complete avoidance followed by an OFC (Spain). The main outcome was the introduction of cow's milk.

Results

Milk ladder patients were 3.67 times more likely to succeed in comparison with milk avoidance (p < .001). Anaphylaxis during the treatment period occurred in 34 patients in the milk avoidance groups, while three patients in the milk ladder group experienced anaphylaxis due to accidental exposure to milk (p < .001). Failure to complete treatment was associated with a higher skin prick test in the milk avoidance group and a raised specific IgE in the milk ladder group.

Conclusion

This is the first study that compares outcomes of dietary advancement therapy to complete avoidance for CMPA management, demonstrating that cow's milk can be successfully and safely reintroduced using dietary advancement therapy using a milk ladder.
Genital calcinosis cutis: Microscopic evidence supporting a dystrophic origin
Authors: Crockett Jessica L. , Copp Hillary L. , Mully Thaddeus W. , Francois Rony A. , Cordoro Kelly M.
Published: July 2024

Calcinosis cutis (CC) is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. CC involving the vulva or foreskin (prepuce) is uncommon. We present a 9‐year‐old female with vulvar CC and a 15‐year‐old male with preputial CC. Microscopic review of excisional specimens revealed calcification associated with follicular cysts in the vulvar case and lichen sclerosus in the preputial case, suggesting a dystrophic origin to a subset of cases of genital CC that might otherwise be classified as idiopathic. The clinical implication of these findings is the need for close histopathologic scrutiny and ongoing clinical surveillance of patients with genital CC initially deemed idiopathic.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on different cognitive domains in Alzheimer's disease: a meta‐study
Authors: Li Xintong , Dou Yue , Xiao Bin , Chen Yuming
Published: July 2024

Background

Numerous studies have investigated the potential effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on improving symptoms related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, these studies have produced inconsistent results, leading to a need for further investigation.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted, including articles published from the initial availability date to 5 April 2024. The extracted study data were analyzed using STATA 12.0 software. The standard mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the effects of tDCS.

Results

A total of 18 studies assessing the effects of tDCS on AD were included in the study. The study revealed that tDCS has an immediate positive impact on general cognitive, executive, language, and visuospatial function. However, the study did not observe any other significant effect of tDCS treatment on improvements in brain function, including long‐term effects on general cognitive, attention, language, and memory function, as well as immediate effects on attention and memory function.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the study suggests that tDCS may be a promising intervention for improving the cognitive function of patients with AD. However, given the complex and multifactorial nature of AD, further well‐designed studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to clarify the effectiveness of tDCS and determine the optimal combination of tDCS parameters.
Advances in mass spectrometry imaging for plant metabolomics—Expanding the analytical toolbox
Authors: Yin Zhibin , Huang Wenjie , Li Kun , Fernie Alisdair R. , Yan Shijuan
Published: July 2024

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become increasingly popular in plant science due to its ability to characterize complex chemical, spatial, and temporal aspects of plant metabolism. Over the past decade, as the emerging and unique features of various MSI techniques have continued to support new discoveries in studies of plant metabolism closely associated with various aspects of plant function and physiology, spatial metabolomics based on MSI techniques has positioned it at the forefront of plant metabolic studies, providing the opportunity for far higher resolution than was previously available. Despite these efforts, profound challenges at the levels of spatial resolution, sensitivity, quantitative ability, chemical confidence, isomer discrimination, and spatial multi‐omics integration, undoubtedly remain. In this Perspective, we provide a contemporary overview of the emergent MSI techniques widely used in the plant sciences, with particular emphasis on recent advances in methodological breakthroughs. Having established the detailed context of MSI, we outline both the golden opportunities and key challenges currently facing plant metabolomics, presenting our vision as to how the enormous potential of MSI technologies will contribute to progress in plant science in the coming years.
Integrated translation and metabolism in a partially self-synthesizing biochemical network
Authors: Giaveri Simone , Bohra Nitin , Diehl Christoph , Yang Hao Yuan , Ballinger Martine , Paczia Nicole , Glatter Timo , Erb Tobias J.
Published: July 2024

One of the hallmarks of living organisms is their capacity for self-organization and regeneration, which requires a tight integration of metabolic and genetic networks. We sought to construct a linked metabolic and genetic network in vitro that shows such lifelike behavior outside of a cellular context and generates its own building blocks from nonliving matter. We integrated the metabolism of the crotonyl-CoA/ethyl-malonyl-CoA/hydroxybutyryl-CoA cycle with cell-free protein synthesis using recombinant elements. Our network produces the amino acid glycine from CO
2
and incorporates it into target proteins following DNA-encoded instructions. By orchestrating ~50 enzymes we established a basic cell-free operating system in which genetically encoded inputs into a metabolic network are programmed to activate feedback loops allowing for self-integration and (partial) self-regeneration of the complete system.
International scope of biomedical research ethics review
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. , Zimmerer Kelly Carty , Andanda Pamela , Arawi Thalia , Arzuaga Fabiana , Chen Haidan , de Vries Martine , Dove Edward S. , Ghaly Mohammed , Hatanaka Ryoko , Hendriks Aart C. , Hernández Mireya Castañeda , Ho Calvin W. L. , Joly Yann , Krekora-Zając Dorota , Lee Won Bok , Mattsson Titti , Molnár-Gábor Fruzsina , Namalwa Kakai , Nicolás Pilar , Nielsen Jane , Nnamuchi Obiajulu , Otlowski Margaret , Palmour Nicole , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle , Siegal Gil , Wathuta Jane M. , Zawati Ma’n H. , Knoppers Bartha Maria
Published: July 2024

Many countries consider long-term implications for society
Structured electrons with chiral mass and charge
Authors: Fang Yiqi , Kuttruff Joel , Nabben David , Baum Peter
Published: July 2024

Chirality is a phenomenon with widespread relevance in fundamental physics, material science, chemistry, optics, and spectroscopy. In this work, we show that a free electron can be converted by the field cycles of laser light into a right-handed or left-handed coil of mass and charge. In contrast to phase-vortex beams, our electrons maintained a flat de Broglie wave but obtained their chirality from the shape of their expectation value in space and time. Measurements of wave function densities by attosecond gating revealed the three-dimensional shape of coils and double coils with left-handed or right-handed pitch. Engineered elementary particles with such or related chiral geometries should be useful for applications in chiral sensing, free-electron quantum optics, particle physics or electron microscopy.
Unmasking immune suppression
Authors: Pitarresi Jason R. , Fitzgerald Katherine A.
Published: July 2024

Inhibition of a mutated metabolic enzyme puts the sting back in antitumor immunity
In vivo
selection of carbapenem resistance during persistent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
sequence type 395 bloodstream infection due to OmpK36 deletion
Authors: Strahilevitz Jacob , Motro Yair , Temper Violeta , Merezhko Diana , Ayalon Oshrat , Bar Moshe Yehonatan , Lam Margaret M. C. , Holt Kathryn E. , Moran-Gilad Jacob
Published: July 2024

Non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacterales
(non-CP CRE) may be associated with a grave outcome. The common underlying mechanism is beta-lactamases and mutations in outer membrane porins. We report a case of a deep-seated infection caused by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
ST395 not amenable to source control, involving recurrent bloodstream infection, resulting in
in vivo
selection of carbapenem resistance under therapy. Three consecutive
K. pneumoniae
blood isolates were studied using short- and long-read sequencing. The genomes were subject to resistome and virulome, phylogenetic, and plasmid analyses.
ompK36
porins were analyzed at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Genomes were compared to 297 public ST395
K. pneumoniae
genomes using cgMLST, resistome, and porin analyses and the EuSCAPE project. Relevant
ompK36
and
micF
sequences were extracted and analyzed as above. The three sequential
K. pneumoniae
blood isolates belonged to the same clone. Subsequent CR isolates revealed a new large deletion of the
ompK36
gene also involving the upstream region (deletion of
micF
). Comparison with public ST395 genomes revealed the study isolates belonged to clade B, representing a separate clone. N-terminal large
ompK36
truncations were uncommon in both public data sets.
In vivo
selection of non-CP CRE
K. pneumoniae
could have substantial clinical implications. Such selection should be scrutinized through repeated cultures and frequent susceptibility testing during antimicrobial treatment, especially in the context of persistent or recurrent bloodstream infections and when adequate source control cannot be achieved. The occurrence of an unusually large deletion involving the
ompK36
locus and upstream
micF
should be further studied.
Giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula: diagnostic challenges and interdisciplinary treatment considerations
Authors: Meyer Nathaniel Scott , Ullrich Lauryn
Published: July 2024

We present a compelling case of an elderly male with a complex medical history who presented with sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection. During admission, changes in his abdominal exam prompted imaging studies, which revealed a grade IV splenic laceration with a giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm containing a suspected arteriovenous fistula component. Multidisciplinary discussion was had regarding patient management which resulted in the decision to perform an emergent splenectomy. Learning points from this case underscore the crucial role of interdisciplinary collaboration in the treatment of this pathology. Additionally, we discuss the decision-making process to support surgical intervention in the absence of clear guidelines in this exceedingly rare condition.
Prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years of age children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Melaku Tsegaye , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Meskele Mengistu , Asnake Gedeon , Alemu Afework , Efa Amelework Gonfa , Haile Kirubel Eshetu , Kassie Gizachew Ambaw
Published: July 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to determine the pooled prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years old children in Ethiopia.

Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis were employed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews.

Data sources

Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journal of Online and Google scholar databases were systematically explored to find studies published in English until July 2023.

Eligibility criteria

The following criteria apply: (1) condition (Co): studies examined the prevalence of trachoma among children (1–9) years old; (2) context (Co): studies conducted in Ethiopia; (3) population (Pop): studies that were done among children (1–9) years old; (4) study type: observational studies and (5) language: studies published in English.

Data extraction and synthesis

The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. DerSimonian-Laird random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years old children. Cochrane Q-tests and I2statistics were used across studies to assess heterogeneity. To identify possible publication bias, Egger’s test was performed.

Primary outcome

Prevalence of active trachoma among children aged (1-9 years old)".

Results

Overall, a total of 42 articles with 235 005 study participants were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of active trachoma using random effect model was 24% (95% CI 20% to 27%). The subgroup analysis by region revealed that the highest prevalence of trachoma was 36% (95% CI 13% to 58%) in the Tigray region, and publication year revealed the prevalence of trachoma was decreasing from 32% to 19% after 2015.

Conclusion

In this review, the pooled prevalence of active trachoma was found to be high in Ethiopia compared with WHO threshold level. This underscores the need for increased focus on high-risk age groups to decrease trachoma and to achieve the elimination of trachoma from the country by 2030.
Long-term trajectories of weight loss and health outcomes: protocol of the SCOOP-RNPC nationwide observational study
Authors: Fabre Odile , Bailly Sébastien , Mithieux Gilles , Legrand Rémy , Costentin Charlotte , Astrup Arne , Pépin Jean-Louis
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Behavioural weight loss programmes are generally accepted as being beneficial in reducing cardiometabolic risk and improving patient-reported outcomes. However, prospective data from large real-world cohorts are scarce concerning the mid-term and long-term impact of such interventions. The objective of this large prospective cohort study (n>10 000 participants) is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the standardised Nutritional and Psycho-Behavioural Rehabilitation programme (RNPC Programme) in reducing the percentage of subjects requiring insulin and/or other diabetes drug therapy, antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering therapies and continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea after the end of the intervention. The rate of remission of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and sleep apnoea will also be prospectively assessed.

Methods

This is a prospective multicentre observational study carried out in 92 RNPC centres in France. Participants will follow the standardised RNPC Programme. The prospective dataset will include clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data, comorbidities, medications, body composition, patient-reported outcome questionnaire responses, sleep study data with objective measurements of sleep apnoea severity and surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk (ie, blood pressure and arterial stiffness). About 10 000 overweight or obese participants will be included over 2 years with a follow-up duration of up to 5 years.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study has been granted by the Ethics Committee (Comité de protection des personnes Sud-Est I) of Saint-Etienne University Hospital, France (SI number: 23.00174.000237). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-review journals, presented at conferences and inform the design of a future randomised controlled trial in the specific population identified as good responders to the RNPC Programme.

Trial registration number

NCT05857319.
Comparison of the effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on shivering and hypothermia in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at a tertiary hospital in China：a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial protocol
Authors: Tao Wenhui , Xie Yufang , Bao Jinfeng , Ding Wei , Zhang Ye , Hu Xianwen
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Peripheral vasodilation causes a redistribution of body temperature from the core to the periphery, resulting in shivering and hypothermia. These are normal pathological and physiological processes during spinal anaesthesia. Two drugs, norepinephrine and phenylephrine, have peripheral vasoconstrictive effects. It is unclear the effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on shivering and hypothermia in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

Methods analysis

240 eligible parturients will be recruited for this randomised, double-blind, controlled trial and randomly assigned to either the norepinephrine or phenylephrine groups. The primary outcome will be the incidence of shivering while secondary outcomes will include the severity of shivering, rectal temperature, incidence of hypothermia and umbilical artery blood pH value.

Ethics and dissemination

The Institutional Ethics Committee of The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei approved the trial protocol (ID: 2023-093). The results will be published in a compliant journal. The original data will be released in December 2029 on the ResMan original data-sharing platform of the China Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.medresman.org.cn).

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300077164.
Leishmaniases in Ethiopia: a scoping review protocol to determine the scope of research and remaining gaps
Authors: O'Brien Katherine , Shirley Hugh , Grifferty Grace , Ayele Eleni , Asres Mezgebu Silamsaw , Espinola Coombs Philip , Diro Ermias , Wamai Richard
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The leishmaniases are among the group of neglected tropical diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality each year. Currently, the East Africa region has the highest visceral leishmaniasis burden in the world. Ethiopia is one of the East African countries that reports both visceral and cutaneous forms of the disease. As part of the Nairobi Declaration, Ethiopia showed commitment to the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis by 2030. In this endeavour, it is important to understand the scope of research conducted on leishmaniases in the country and identify where the research gaps exist. Determining the research landscape is vital in the plan towards leishmaniases control and elimination. It will help to reference conducted research, determine if systematic reviews are warranted and help prioritise future research directions.

Methods and analysis

This protocol was developed with reference to the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group’s guidance on conducting scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines for scoping reviews. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase via Embase.com, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane CENTRAL, Global Index Medicus, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry and PROSPERO. Locally published literature that may not be indexed in the above-mentioned systems will be identified through team members familiar with the setting. Each record will be dually and blindly reviewed in an abstract-title screen and full-text screen using inclusion–exclusion criteria. Included articles must contain an in-depth discussion of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Data extracted will consist of study themes, study types, and categories and subcategories each defined in the developed codebook, in addition to type of leishmania, year of publication, funding source and the number of citations. Results will be reported with summary statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

Individual consenting and ethical approvals are not applicable. We plan to disseminate our findings to the appropriate stakeholders.
Characterization and genome analysis of a broad host range lytic phage vB_SenS_TUMS_E19 against Salmonella enterica and its efficiency evaluation in the liquid egg
Authors: Torkashvand Narges , Kamyab Haniyeh , Shahverdi Ahmad Reza , Khoshayand Mohammad Reza , Karimi Tarshizi Mohammad Amir , Sepehrizadeh Zargham
Published: July 2024

Salmonella enterica serovars are zoonotic bacterial that cause foodborne enteritis. Due to bacteria’s antibiotic resistance, using bacteriophages for biocontrol and treatment is a new therapeutic approach. In this study, we isolated, characterized, and analyzed the genome of vB_SenS_TUMS_E19 (E19), a broad host range Salmonella bacteriophage, and evaluated the influence of E19 on liquid eggs infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the isolated bacteriophage had a siphovirus morphotype. E19 showed rapid adsorption (92% in 5 min), a short latent period (18 min), a large burst size (156 PFU per cell), and a broad host range against different Salmonella enterica serovars. Whole-genome sequencing analysis indicated that the isolated phage had a 42 813 bp long genome with 49.8% G + C content. Neither tRNA genes nor those associated with antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or lysogenic formation were detected in the genome. The efficacy of E19 was evaluated in liquid eggs inoculated with S. Enteritidis at 4 and 25 °C, and results showed that it could effectively eradicate S. Enteritidis in just 30 min and prevented its growth up to 72 h. Our findings indicate that E19 can be an alternative to a preservative to control Salmonella in food samples and help prevent and treat salmonellosis.
Upper bound on the radius of the innermost photonsphere in the regular compact star spacetime
Authors: Liu Guohua , Peng Yan
Published: July 2024

We study properties of the innermost photonsphere in the regular compact star background. We take the traceless energy–momentum tensor and dominant energy conditions. In the regular compact star background, we analytically obtain an upper bound on the radius of the innermost photonsphere as $$r_{\gamma }^{in}\leqslant \frac{12}{5}M,$$

r

γ

in

⩽

12
5

M
,

where $$r_{\gamma }^{in}$$

r

γ

in

is the radius of the innermost photonsphere and M is the total ADM mass of the asymptotically flat compact star spacetime.
Photoelectron angular distributions for photoionization of argon by two-color fields
Authors: Chqondi Soumia , Chaddou Souhaila , Makhoute Abdelkader
Published: July 2024

We theoretically investigate the photoelectron angular distribution induced in argon atoms using an XUV+IR two-color scheme, comprising a Ti:sapphire laser pulse and its 13th harmonic. The photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) are computed by directly solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) within the single active electron approximation. Particular attention is devoted to analyzing the contributing continuum partial waves of the emitted photoelectrons to the formation of the photoelectron angular distribution. We found that the shapes of the obtained angular distributions for both harmonic and sideband peaks are consistent with the predictions of the generalized Fano rule for the absorption and emission of photons. Moreover, the structure of the energy spectrum of the ejected photoelectrons is presented and discussed where we can remark that the sideband [Formula: see text] peak is slightly higher than the sideband peak [Formula: see text].
Complex Dynamics of a Discrete Prey–Predator Model Exposing to Harvesting and Allee Effect on the Prey Species with Chaos Control
Authors: Elmacı Deniz , Kangalgil Figen
Published: July 2024

This study discusses the dynamic behaviors of the prey–predator model subject to the Allee effect and the harvesting of prey species. The existence of fixed points and the topological categorization of the co-existing fixed point of the model are determined. It is shown that the discrete-time prey–predator model can undergo Flip and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations under some parametric assumptions using bifurcation theory and the center manifold theorem. A chaos control technique called the feedback-control method is utilized to eliminate chaos. Numerical examples are given to support the theoretical findings and investigate chaos strategies’ effectiveness and feasibility. Additionally, bifurcation diagrams, phase portraits, maximum Lyapunov exponents, and a graph showing chaos control are demonstrated.
Petrogenesis and Ni–Cu–(PGE) prospectivity of the Mount Ayliff Complex in the Karoo Igneous Province: new insights from the Ingeli and Horseshoe lobes
Authors: Smith W. D. , Albrechtsen B. , Maier W. D. , Mungall J. E.
Published: July 2024

The Mount Ayliff Complex comprises five cognate mafic–ultramafic bodies emplaced along the southern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton. This study examines the Ingeli and Horseshoe lobes and assesses their magmatic sulfide prospectivity with respect to the Insizwa lobe, which hosts massive sulfides at its Waterfall Gorge occurrence. The Ingeli lobe consists of 465 m of olivine–chromite cumulates overlain by 340 m of (olivine-)gabbronorite, while the Horseshoe lobe consists of 45 m of olivine gabbronorite overlain by 5 m of gabbro. The Ingeli lobe possesses sparsely disseminated sulfides at its mafic–ultramafic transition, whereas disseminated sulfides are present throughout the Horseshoe lobe. A petrogenetic model is proposed, where magma accumulated and fractionated nickeliferous olivine and chromite in an upper-crustal staging chamber hosted by Proterozoic basement rocks. Magma then ascended and deposited olivine–chromite cumulates at the level of the complex. Prolonged magma flux in the staging chamber facilitated the assimilation of basement rocks, triggering sulfide saturation and the crystallization of Ni-poor olivine. Contaminated magma then ascended and interacted with pre-existing cumulates, depositing sulfide melt that may have backflowed as magmatic activity waned. Basaltic magma then flowed over the ultramafic cumulates, depositing disseminated sulfides whilst undergoing closed-system fractionation. Basal depressions and underlying feeder structures are the most prospective locations for magmatic sulfide mineralization.
Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens from Community‐Acquired Pneumonia at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia
Authors: Hamde Feyissa , Chala Bayissa , Bekele Mesfin , Shenkutie Abebe Mekuria , Abubeker Rajiha , Tafess Ketema
Published: July 2024

Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It also contributes significantly to hospital admissions, particularly in low‐income countries such as Ethiopia, where it accounts for major public health problems. This could be attributed to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens in CAP patients. This study aimed to identify and assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from CAP patients at the Adama Hospital Medical College in Adama City, Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from November 10, 2022, to November 30, 2023. Demographic, clinical data, and sputum samples were collected from patients with CAP (n = 369). Sputum samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedures, including culture, Gram staining, and a panel of different biochemical tests for the identification of pathogenic bacterial isolates. The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility testing. Descriptive statistics were computed by using SPSS (version 26). Of the 369 patients with CAP, bacterial pathogens were identified in 31.7% (n = 117, 95% CI: 27.0%–36.7%). The most common isolates were Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 15; 12.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15; 12.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12; 10.3%), Escherichia coli (n = 11; 9.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 11; 9.4%), Enterobacter species (n = 11; 9.4%), and Citrobacter species (n = 11; 9.4%). Among the identified isolates, resistance rates were high in Enterobacteriaceae, followed by Gram‐positive bacteria, and non‐Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, 68 (58.1%) of the identified bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with K. pneumoniae accounting for the highest proportion of multidrug resistant isolates (91.7%), while P. aeruginosa accounted for the lowest proportion (9.1%) of MDR isolates. This study revealed a high prevalence (31.7%) of bacterial pathogens in CAP patients and higher (58.1%) MDR bacterial pathogens. Therefore, regular surveillance and monitoring systems are warranted for assessing predominant pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns.
Supplementary Figure 5 from PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure
Authors: Chouleur Tiffanie , Emanuelli Andrea , Souleyreau Wilfried , Derieppe Marie-Alix , Leboucq Téo , Hardy Serge , Mathivet Thomas , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: July 2024

K67 staining in knock-out and PRL2 overexpressing cells.
Supplementary Figure 10 from PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure
Authors: Chouleur Tiffanie , Emanuelli Andrea , Souleyreau Wilfried , Derieppe Marie-Alix , Leboucq Téo , Hardy Serge , Mathivet Thomas , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: July 2024

In vitro phenotype of 1123-Mes and 157-PN cells
Figure 2 from PTP4A2 Promotes Glioblastoma Progression and Macrophage Polarization under Microenvironmental Pressure
Authors: Chouleur Tiffanie , Emanuelli Andrea , Souleyreau Wilfried , Derieppe Marie-Alix , Leboucq Téo , Hardy Serge , Mathivet Thomas , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: July 2024

High levels of PTP4A2 in gliomas are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor overall survival of patients. A,PTP4A1, 2, and 3 mRNA levels of normal samples (nontumor from the GTEx database), IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas, and IDH wild-type GBM (from TCGA). B,PTP4A2 mRNA levels in GBM subtypes: proneural, classical, and mesenchymal, the most aggressive. C, Kaplan–Meier curve of overall survival of patients with GBM stratified according to the expression level of PTP4A1, 2, and 3 (from TCGA). Log-rank P value = 0.001. PTP4A1 high, n = 179; PTP4A1 low, n = 76; PTP4A2 high, n = 173; PTP4A2 low, n = 82; PTP4A3 high, n = 124; PTP4A3 low, n = 132. D, Enrichment in biological pathways involving PTP4A2-correlated genes in TCGA GBM data. Only the first five clusters of GO terms are displayed.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Clinical Practice—Proceedings of the International B12 Conference, June 2023, Rotterdam
Authors: Green Ralph , Plattel Clara
Published: July 2024

This supplement of the Food and Nutrition Bulletin is dedicated to the proceedings of “the International B12 Conference in Clinical Practice,” held in Rotterdam in June 2023. The conference brought together physicians, scientists, patient groups, and health care professionals with substantial expertise in diagnosing and treating vitamin B12 deficiency from many universities around the world. With a collective commitment to advancing clinical practice and improving patient outcomes, this event was instrumental in addressing the many complex and challenging aspects of vitamin B12 deficiency. The subjects explored at the conference ranged from the latest research findings to real-world case studies, spanning diverse medical disciplines, including pediatrics, obstetrics, neurology, internal medicine, gastroenterology, psychiatry, clinical chemistry, nutrition, public health, biomedical science, and nursing. The broad spectrum of disciplines reflects the multifaceted nature of vitamin B12 deficiency and underscores the necessity of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to its diagnosis and treatment. This supplement aims to distill into a concise and accessible format the knowledge shared by stimulating and provocative presentations at the B12 Conference and to make the information available for the broader scientific and health care community. The compendium bridges the insights generated at the conference and the wider audience of health care practitioners, researchers, and policymakers who recognize the urgency of addressing the critical public health concerns surrounding vitamin B12 deficiency.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children and Adolescents: A Case for Revised Diagnostic Parameters
Authors: Plattel Clara H. M. , Lever Sandra , Simons Charlotte P. M. , Haitsma Vera
Published: July 2024

Background:

Vitamin B12 deficiency is commonly diagnosed using thresholds developed for adults, yet emerging evidence indicates these levels may not be appropriate for children and adolescents. This misalignment can lead to underdiagnosis in younger populations, with potential long-term health implications.

Case Summary:

Chief Complaint: The 17-year-old female patient experienced severe fatigue, menstrual irregularities, psychological distress, and neurological symptoms over several years. The 13-year-old male patient had behavioral changes, gastrointestinal complaints, and sensory disturbances from an early age. Diagnosis: Both adolescents displayed B12 levels that were considered low-normal based on adult thresholds, complicating their diagnostic processes. Their diverse and atypical symptomatology required a comprehensive review of their medical and family histories, clinical symptoms, and risk factors. Intervention: Treatment included administration of hydroxocobalamin injections, complemented by dietary adjustments. Outcome: Both patients responded well to the treatment, showing significant improvements in their symptoms and overall quality of life.

Conclusion:

The main takeaway from these cases is the importance of tailoring diagnostic adequate thresholds and treatment plans to the pediatric population to address and manage B12 deficiency effectively. This approach can significantly enhance patient outcomes and prevent the progression of potentially severe complications in later life.
The role of African universities in handling climate change
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Sierra Javier , Kalembo Frederick , Ayal Desalegn Y. , Matandirotya Newton , de Victoria Pereira Amaro da Costa Cristina Isabel , Sow Baba Libasse , Aabeyir Raymond , Mawanda James , Zhou Leocadia , Baldeh Demba
Published: July 2024

Background

African countries are among the most vulnerable and affected by climate change. Comprehending climate change poses a major hurdle for the African population, politicians, and the African Union alike, presenting a substantial challenge for all involved. It is generally accepted that universities and other higher education institutions must play a leading role as drivers of change. Therefore, it is very important that African universities educate students about both mitigation and adaptation measures, develop the necessary initiatives to foster research in climate change-related topics and promote cooperation and alliances with key stakeholders.

Results

This research reports on a study aimed at identifying the extent to which higher education institutions in Africa are engaging in efforts to deal with the challenges posed by climate change. The objectives were accomplished through a mixed method approach, incorporating a review of literature, an international survey, and the inclusion of selected case studies from African universities that have developed successful initiatives. The research has brought to light significant disparities, such as varying perceptions regarding the potential outcomes of climate change and its associated extreme events in African countries. In addition, the study highlighted areas where there is a notable consensus on specific issues. It also offers a comprehensive view of the different strategies that universities are implementing to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation in several areas. Although there is a growing interest in the need to contribute to the joint task of mitigating the effects of climate change and adapting to its consequences, HEIs need to increase their efforts to enhance the work of their professors and researchers. To this end, the involvement of public authorities and other private sector actors is essential.

Conclusions

This article outlines some actions that need to be undertaken so that universities may play a more active role in global efforts to handle the problems associated with a changing climate. There is a notable focus from academic actors on addressing climate change challenges in Africa. In addition, there is a proactive emphasis on utilizing science and research to comprehend climate change issues and offer widely applicable tools for adaptation and mitigation to safeguard both people and the environment. Consequently, it is crucial and time-sensitive for African universities to enhance their expertise in the field of climate change, fostering the capacity to conduct innovative research that addresses the various challenges linked to the evolving climate. This study offers several useful lessons for African universities to replicate experiences that have generated results in different countries and contexts.
A case of accidental into-the-lens dexamethasone implant: watching or removing?
Authors: Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Quarta Alberto , D’Aloisio Rossella , Toto Lisa , Mastropasqua Rodolfo
Published: July 2024

Background

To report a case of cataract surgery in unintentional Ozurdex (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, USA) injection into the lens.

Case presentation

A 82-years old man reporting decreased visual acuity in his right eye came to our Ophthalmology service. Due to the clinical history, and on the basis of ophthalmoscopic and imaging examinations diabetic macular edema was diagnosed. Thus, intravitreal dexamethasone implant was scheduled and therefore performed. The following day Ozurdex appeared to be located into the lens. After careful evaluation and strict follow up examinations, due to the risks associated with the presence of the implant into the lens, phacoemulsification with Ozurdex removal and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was scheduled and performed.

Conclusions

In this case report we reported the surgical management of accidental into-the lens dexamethasone implant carefully taking into account the dexamethasone pharmacokinetic.
The burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among working-age people in the Western Pacific Region, 1990–2019: an age–period–cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Lv Jia-jie , Zhang Yi-chi , Li Xin-yu , Guo Hong , Yang Cheng-hao
Published: July 2024

Background

The growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in younger populations, particularly those of working age (15–64 years), has become a public health concern. Being diagnosed at a younger age implies a greater likelihood of accruing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) later in life due to potential progression to conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to analyze NAFLD prevalence trends over three decades globally, regionally, and nationally, with a focus on age, period, and birth cohort associations.

Methods

Global, regional, and country time trends in the prevalence of NAFLD among working-age people from 1990 to 2019: Age-period-cohort analysis based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 estimates and 95% uncertainty interval (UI) of NAFLD prevalence in the working age population was extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019. Age-period-cohort models were used to estimate the prevalence within each age group from 1990 to 2019 (local drift, % per year), fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for period bias (age effect), and period/cohort relative risk (period/cohort effect).

Results

The global age-standardized prevalence (ASPR) of NAFLD increased significantly from 1990 (14,477.6 per 100 000) to 2019 (19,837.6 per 100 000). In the Western Pacific, there were 42,903.8 NAFLD cases in 2019, 54.15% higher than in 1990. The ASPR also increased significantly in the region over the past three decades. At the national level, Palau had the highest ASPR while Brunei Darussalam had the lowest. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that in the Western Pacific, unlike globally, the risk of NAFLD declined after age 60–64 years. Relative to 1980–1989, incidence and DALY risks decreased but prevalence increased in subsequent birth cohorts. Future predictions indicate an upward trend in NAFLD burden, especially among women and medium (SDI) regions like China.

Conclusion

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease imparts an immense health burden that continues to grow globally and in the Asia Pacific region. Our work highlights working age adults as an at-risk group and calls attention to socioeconomic gradients within Western Pacific countries. Upward future projections demonstrate that NAFLD prevention is an urgent priority.
The association between air pollution and obesity: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews
Authors: Luo Chengwen , Wei Ting , Jiang Weicong , Yang Yu-pei , Zhang Mei-Xian , Xiong Cai-Lian , Tung Tao-Hsin
Published: July 2024

The objective of this umbrella review was to investigate comprehensive and synthesized evidence of the association between ambient air pollution and obesity based on the current systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Related studies from databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, published before July 16, 2023, were considered in the analysis. All selected systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias and the methodological quality were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The protocol for this umbrella review was documented in PROSPERO with the registration number: CRD42023450191. This umbrella review identified 7 studies, including 5 meta-analyses and 2 systematic reviews, to assess the impacts of air pollutants on obesity. Commonly examined air pollutants included PM1, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3. Most of the included studies presented that air pollution exposure was positively associated with the increased risk of obesity. The impact of air pollution on obesity varied by different ambient air pollutants. This study provided compelling evidence that exposure to air pollution had a positive association with the risk of obesity. These findings further indicate the importance of strengthening air pollution prevention and control. Future studies should elucidate the possible mechanisms and pathways linking air pollution to obesity.
Effects of essential oil of Origanum onites and its major component carvacrol on the expression of toxicity pathway genes in HepG2 cells
Authors: Tomsuk Özlem , Kuete Victor , Sivas Hülya , Kürkçüoğlu Mine
Published: July 2024

Background

Origanum species have been used in various commercial constructions as a remedy against burns and wounds, agriculture, alcoholic drinks, fragrance, and flavoring substances of food products. The essential oil of Origanum onites L. (EOOO) and its component carvacrol (CV) possesses a wide range of biological activities including anti-cancer activity.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth inhibitory activity of the essential oil and its major component CV and then hepatotoxicity pathway-related genes in HepG2 cells.

Methods

The effects of the EOOO and CV on cell growth and mRNA expressions of 84 hepatotoxicity pathway-related genes were investigated in HepG2, using trypan blue exclusion/ bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation tests and real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) array, respectively.

Results

The EOOO and CV inhibited cell growth with IC50 values of 0.08 µg/mL and 45 µg/mL, respectively, after 24 h. Real-time, reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT2-PCR) array analysis revealed that expressions of 32 genes out of 84 were changed at least 2-fold or more in the EOOO-treated cells. Among them, expression levels of 17 genes were elevated, while expression levels of 15 genes were diminished. Furthermore, after exposure of cells to 45 µg/mL of CV, the expression of 8 genes was increased while the other 8 genes were decreased. Both the EOOO and carvacrol affected the expression of 48 genes of HepG2 cells which are involved in the hepatotoxicity pathway, indicating their hepatoprotective and possible anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrates that the essential oil of Origanum onites and carvacrol can be used in various applications such as anticancer or herbal drugs, since its non-hepatotoxicity.