bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of transmission line parameters by using two least‐squares methods
Authors: Albuquerque Felipe P. , Costa Eduardo C. Marques , Liboni Luísa H. B. , Pereira Ronaldo F. Ribeiro , de Oliveira Maurício C.
Published: November 2020

This work proposes two new approaches based on the ordinary least‐squares method and the total least‐squares method to estimate the parameters of a balanced three‐phase transmission line using voltage and current measurements from phasor measurement unit. First, a new model for the steady‐state phasorial equations of a medium‐length transmission line is proposed. Then, the noises acting upon each measurement on the ordinary least‐squares setup are considered, and for the total least‐squares setup, noise acting upon the observation matrix in order to account for model uncertainties and non‐linearities is also considered. The methods are tested in simulation data of a real medium‐size transmission line.s The main goal is to compare both methods and show their complexities. The results show good performances for both methods and, indeed, the total least‐squares setup had better performance than other reported total least‐squares estimators, which use a different phasorial set of equations and oversimplified noise modelling. It is concluded that for the ordinary least‐squares, the solution is well known and its behavior is predictable. While for the total least‐squares, the solution requires more sophisticated methods of matrix decomposition and its behavior is not as predictable. Therefore the implications of these new approaches, where new considerations about the modelling of the noises are made and where a new phasorial set of equations is used are significant, given that the many works in the literature make use of these common‐place tools.
Decentralised control strategy for hybrid battery energy storage system with considering dynamical state‐of‐charge regulation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ji Feng , Hu Qi , Fu Lijun , Gao Xueping
Published: November 2020

Hybrid battery energy storage system (HBESS) consists of high power density battery and high energy density battery will have a bright future in special isolated DC microgrid conditions such as the all‐electric ships and all‐electric airplanes, which have strict limitation on storage capacity and size. In this study, a new decentralised control strategy based on mixed droop is proposed to HBESSs with considering the batteries. In decentralised control strategy, conventional V–I droop controller is utilised to high energy density battery to mainly supply the steady power, I–V droop controller is utilised to high power density battery to respond to power change and supply a few steady power. In addition, dynamical state‐of‐charge (SoC) regulation algorithm is utilised to reassign the battery power according to their own SoC. The power coordination of the high energy density batteries and high discharge rate batteries is achieved by adjusting the values virtual impedance and reference input voltage. Case study shows that the proposed control strategy is flexible and efficient.
HOLISMOKES
Authors: Suyu S. H. , Huber S. , Cañameras R. , Kromer M. , Schuldt S. , Taubenberger S. , Yıldırım A. , Bonvin V. , Chan J. H. H. , Courbin F. , Nöbauer U. , Sim S. A. , Sluse D.
Published: November 2020

We present the HOLISMOKES programme on strong gravitational lensing of supernovae (SNe) as a probe of SN physics and cosmology. We investigate the effects of microlensing on early-phase SN Ia spectra using four different SN explosion models. We find that distortions of SN Ia spectra due to microlensing are typically negligible within ten rest-frame days after a SN explosion (< 1% distortion within the 1σspread and ≲10% distortion within the 2σspread). This shows the great prospects of using lensed SNe Ia to obtain intrinsic early-phase SN spectra for deciphering SN Ia progenitors. As a demonstration of the usefulness of lensed SNe Ia for cosmology, we simulate a sample of mock lensed SN Ia systems that are expected to have accurate and precise time-delay measurements in the era of theRubinObservatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Adopting realistic yet conservative uncertainties on their time-delay distances and lens angular diameter distances, of 6.6% and 5%, respectively, we find that a sample of 20 lensed SNe Ia would allow us to constrain the Hubble constant (H0) with 1.3% uncertainty in the flat ΛCDM cosmology. We find a similar constraint onH0in an open ΛCDM cosmology, while the constraint degrades to 3% in a flatwCDM cosmology. We anticipate lensed SNe to be an independent and powerful probe of SN physics and cosmology in the upcoming LSST era.
MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4–5 μm
Authors: Stolker T. , Marleau G.-D. , Cugno G. , Mollière P. , Quanz S. P. , Todorov K. O. , Kühn J.
Published: November 2020

The circumstellar disk of PDS 70 hosts two forming planets, which are actively accreting gas from their environment. The physical and chemical characteristics of these planets remain ambiguous due to their unusual spectral appearance compared to more evolved objects. In this work, we report the first detection of PDS 70 b in the Brα and M′ filters with VLT/NACO, a tentative detection of PDS 70 c in Brα, and a reanalysis of archival NACO L′ and SPHERE H23 and K12 imaging data. The near side of the disk is also resolved with the Brα and M′ filters, indicating that scattered light is non-negligible at these wavelengths. The spectral energy distribution (SED) of PDS 70 b is well described by blackbody emission, for which we constrain the photospheric temperature and photospheric radius to Teff = 1193 ± 20 K and R = 3.0 ± 0.2 RJ. The relatively low bolometric luminosity, log(L∕L⊙) = −3.79 ± 0.02, in combination with the large radius, is not compatible with standard structure models of fully convective objects. With predictions from such models, and adopting a recent estimate of the accretion rate, we derive a planetary mass and radius in the range of Mp ≈ 0.5–1.5 MJ and Rp ≈ 1–2.5 RJ, independently of the age and post-formation entropy of the planet. The blackbody emission, large photospheric radius, and the discrepancy between the photospheric and planetary radius suggests that infrared observations probe an extended, dusty environment around the planet, which obscures the view on its molecular composition. Therefore, the SED is expected to trace the reprocessed radiation from the interior of the planet and/or partially from the accretion shock. The photospheric radius lies deep within the Hill sphere of the planet, which implies that PDS 70 b not only accretes gas but is also continuously replenished by dust. Finally, we derive a rough upper limit on the temperature and radius of potential excess emission from a circumplanetary disk, Teff ≲ 256 K and R ≲ 245 RJ, but we do find weak evidence that the current data favors a model with a single blackbody component.
3D dynamics of the Orion cloud complex
Authors: Großschedl Josefa E. , Alves João , Meingast Stefan , Herbst-Kiss Gabor
Published: November 2020

We present the first study of the three-dimensional (3D) dynamics of the gas in the entire southern Orion cloud complex. We used the parallaxes and proper motions of young stellar objects (YSOs) from Gaia DR2 as a proxy for gas distance and proper motion, and the gas radial velocities from archival CO data, to compute the space motions of the different star-forming clouds in the complex, including subregions in Orion A, Orion B, and two outlying cometary clouds. From the analysis of the clouds’ orbits in space and time, we find that they were closest about 6 Myr ago and are moving radially away from roughly the same region in space. This coherent 100-pc scale radial motion supports a scenario where the entire complex is reacting to a major feedback event, which we name the Orion-BB (big blast) event. This event, which we tentatively associate with the recently discovered Orion X stellar population, shaped the distribution and kinematics of the gas we observe today, although it is unlikely to have been the sole major feedback event in the region. We argue that the dynamics of most of the YSOs carry the memory of the feedback-driven star formation history in Orion and that the majority of the young stars in this complex are a product of large-scale triggering, which can raise the star formation rate by at least an order of magnitude, as for the head of Orion A (the Integral Shape Filament). Our results imply that a feedback, compression, and triggering process lies at the genesis of the Orion Nebula Cluster and NGC 2023/2024 in Orion B, thus confirming broadly the classical feedback-driven scenario proposed in Elmegreen & Lada (1977, ApJ, 214, 725). The space motions of the well-known young compact clusters, σ Orionis and NGC 1977, are consistent with this scenario. A momentum estimate suggests that the energy of a few to several supernovae is needed to power the coherent 3D gas motion we measure in this paper.
TOI-519 b: A short-period substellar object around an M dwarf validated using multicolour photometry and phase curve analysis
Authors: Parviainen H. , Palle E. , Zapatero-Osorio M. R. , Nowak G. , Fukui A. , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Stassun K. G. , Livingston J. H. , Collins K. A. , Hidalgo Soto D. , Béjar V. J. S. , Korth J. , Monelli M. , Montanes Rodriguez P. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Chen G. , Crouzet N. , de Leon J. P. , Hernandez A. , Kawauchi K. , Klagyivik P. , Kusakabe N. , Luque R. , Mori M. , Nishiumi T. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Tamura M. , Watanabe N. , Gan T. , Collins K. I. , Jensen E. L. N. , Barclay T. , Doty J. P. , Jenkins J. M. , Latham D. W. , Paegert M. , Ricker G. , Rodriguez D. R. , Seager S. , Shporer A. , Vanderspek R. , Villaseñor J. , Winn J. N. , Wohler B. , Wong I.
Published: November 2020

Context. We report the discovery of TOI-519 b (TIC 218795833), a transiting substellar object (R = 1.07 RJup) orbiting a faint M dwarf (V = 17.35) on a 1.26 d orbit. Brown dwarfs and massive planets orbiting M dwarfs on short-period orbits are rare, but more have already been discovered than expected from planet formation models. TOI-519 is a valuable addition to this group of unlikely systems, and it adds towards our understanding of the boundaries of planet formation.

Aims. We set out to determine the nature of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) object of interest TOI-519 b.

Methods. Our analysis uses a SPOC-pipeline TESS light curve from Sector 7, multicolour transit photometry observed with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT, and transit photometry observed with the LCOGT telescopes. We estimated the radius of the transiting object using multicolour transit modelling, and we set upper limits for its mass, effective temperature, and Bond albedo using a phase curve model that includes Doppler boosting, ellipsoidal variations, thermal emission, and reflected light components.

Results. TOI-519 b is a substellar object with a radius posterior median of 1.07 RJup and 5th and 95th percentiles of 0.66 and 1.20 RJup, respectively, where most of the uncertainty comes from the uncertainty in the stellar radius. The phase curve analysis sets an upper effective temperature limit of 1800 K, an upper Bond albedo limit of 0.49, and a companion mass upper limit of 14 MJup. The companion radius estimate combined with the Teff and mass limits suggests that the companion is more likely a planet than a brown dwarf, but a brown-dwarf scenario is a priori more likely given the lack of known massive planets in ≈ 1 day orbits around M dwarfs with Teff < 3800 K, and given the existence of some (but few) brown dwarfs.
Identification of coherent structures in space plasmas: the magnetic helicity–PVI method
Authors: Pecora F. , Servidio S. , Greco A. , Matthaeus W. H.
Published: November 2020

Context. Plasma turbulence can be viewed as a magnetic landscape populated by large- and small-scale coherent structures. In this complex network, large helical magnetic tubes might be separated by small-scale magnetic reconnection events (current sheets). However, the identification of these magnetic structures in a continuous stream of data has always been a challenging task.

Aims. Here, we present a method that is able to characterize both the large- and small-scale structures of the turbulent solar wind, based on the combined use of a filtered magnetic helicity (Hm) and the partial variance of increments (PVI).

Methods. This simple, single-spacecraft technique was first validated via direct numerical simulations of plasma turbulence and then applied to data from the Parker Solar Probe mission.

Results. This novel analysis, combining Hm and PVI methods, reveals that a large number of flux tubes populate the solar wind and continuously merge in contact regions where magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration may occur.
Soil thermal responses around a field-scale energy pile
Authors: Faizal Mohammed , Moradshahi Aria , Bouazza Abdelmalek , S McCartney John
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of field and numerical studies on the soil thermal response around a field-scale energy pile. The investigation focuses on the effect of monotonic heating, monotonic cooling, and daily cyclic heating/cooling of the energy pile on the soil thermal response. The soil temperature changes are found to be highest near the edge of the energy pile and reduce with increasing radial distance for all operating modes. The cyclic temperature changes of the energy pile impose lower ground temperature changes compared to monotonic temperature changes due to frequent ground thermal recoveries during each thermal cycle. The soil zone experiencing radial thermal influence is also smaller for cyclic temperature changes of the energy pile. The results generally indicate that cyclic heating/cooling of the energy pile will improve geothermal energy utilization with lower thermal impacts on the ground for long term operations of ground source heat pumps.
Energy saving in wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Ciobanu Natalia
Published: November 2020

This paper uses data from the Chisinau Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (2018 year) to analyze the potential for energy recovery from wastewater treatment plant via anaerobic digestion with biogas utilization with electricity generation. These energy recovery strategies could help offset the electricity consumption of the wastewater treatment plants and represent possible areas for sustainable energy policy implementation. We estimate that anaerobic digestion could save approximately 14, 444, 918 kWh annually in Chisinau WWTP. Anaerobic digestion is widely considered as an environmentally friendly technology for sewerage sludge. This study aims to highlight the potential as well as to provide a starting point for further studies regarding the treatment as sewerage sludge using anaerobic digestion in Republic of Moldova and recovery energy that could further reduce electricity cost and reduction of sludge cake.
Features of technogenic morphogenesis on the territory of south-western Belarus
Authors: Kukharik Evgeniy , Hrachanik Mikalai , Bogdasarov Maxim , Matveyev Aleksey
Published: November 2020

The classification of modern technogenic relief with the identification of its types, subtypes and forms is substantiated for the territory of southwestern Belarus. Information about the types of impact on the geological environment in the process of technomorph formation is given. Based on the generalization of field research materials, topographic maps and published literature, a diagram of the technogenic relief of the region under study was constructed which shows the largest artificial forms of its various types. Using information from technical documentation, special measurements and calculations, the averaged parameters of technomorphs were determined and their main morphological features were characterized.
Availability of hydro-chemical indicators of river water
Authors: Volchek Alexander , Taratenkova Maya
Published: November 2020

The article contains studies to identify the law of distribution of availability for hydrochemical quality indicators such as dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, suspended solids, pH and mineralization. Time series analysis was carried out using data from the Mukhavets River. The revealed law of distribution allows considering the issues of design and 1construction of water facilities more reasonably.
Accidental actions values and combinations for key-elements checking
Authors: Tur Viktar , Tur Andrei , Lizahub Aliaksandr , Derechennik Stanislav
Published: November 2020

In the case of accidental design situations, if accidental actions can be identified, one of the possible design strategies is checking the key element. This strategy minimizes the possibility of local failure and subsequent progressive collapse. The paper considers accidental action combinations and values of identified accidental loads according the various codes. The combination of actions for accidental design situation for checking of the “key-element” resistance was proposed. In addition, the values of the combination factors for variable loads and partial factors for permanent loads in accordance with required reliability class RC for structural element and values of accidental loads was proposed.
Study of the influence of technical and operational indicators on the efficiency of road transport in intercity traffic
Authors: Pogulyaeva Irina , Teterina Irina , Pogulyaev Igor
Published: November 2020

The material is a study aimed at determining the relationship between technical and operational indicators and factors reflecting the efficiency of freight road transport in intercity traffic. The graphical dependencies reflecting the influence of such technical and operational indicators as speed and lifting capacity, operating time and productivity are presented (which can be expressed in both tonnes and tonne-kilometers). A scheme of a pendulum route with a return run without cargo on board has been developed. The method of calculating the operating time and productivity of freight road transport in intercity traffic is presented.
Numerical simulation of the effect of the coating material of contacting surfaces on thermal conductivity
Authors: Ezhov A. D. , Sladkov I. S. , Bykov L. V. , Golikov N. S.
Published: November 2020

In modern space devices, a significant number of parts and assemblies of various shapes are in contact interaction. Moreover, the materials from which they are made often differ in thermophysical and mechanical properties. When designing such connections, it becomes necessary to be able to reliably carry out thermal and strength calculations, both for the entire structure as a whole, and for individual contact nodes, with the possibility of adjusting their characteristics. As a tool for regulating the conductivity of contacts, the use of coatings of contacting surfaces can be used. Modeling a metal-coating-metal contact pair allows you to optimally select the coating material and its required thickness.
Experimental study of the correlation between the elastic modulus of polymer composite materials and the velocity of ultrasonic waves
Authors: Chulkov Dmitrii , Terekhin Alexander , Dumansky Alexander , Tipikin Maxim
Published: November 2020

This article presents the results of an experimental study of the relationship of acoustic parameters (propagation velocity) of ultrasonic waves with elastic characteristics (elastic modulus) of polymer composite materials. Significant regression dependences of the correlation between the velocity of ultrasonic won and the modulus of elasticity of a composite material based on fiberglass with an epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde binder have been constructed.
A study on an electromagnetic shield with carbon filler
Authors: Legkiy N. M.
Published: November 2020

This article presents protective properties of an electromagnetic metal shield with the carbon black filler, as well compares its characteristics with ones that regular metal protective shield has. There are three methods to compare, namely the first is calculation, next one is simulation in CST software, and finally are experimental methods. The study results obtained with all three methods are the same. Therefore, after multiple comparison of the results obtained with two types of shields, we can say that the electromagnetic shield with the carbon filler has better shielding characteristics.
Investigation of rigid dynamic systems on the example of modelling a tape drive mechanism
Authors: Nigay Ruslan , Nigay Evgeny , Mironova Lubov
Published: November 2020

The features of modeling the dynamics of mechanical systems on the example of the operation of the tape drive mechanism related to real technological processes are stated. An approach to solving stiff systems of differential equations by the numerical-analytical method is noted. The approach is based on solving systems of higher-order differential equations using elementary functions using procedures for precision search for the roots of the characteristic polynomial of the system. A mathematical model of the tape drive mechanism of a VCR is given as an example of a precision electromechanical object.
Classification of pressure welding methods depending on thermal deformation conditions
Authors: Bulychev Vsevolod , Latypov Rashit , Golubina Svetlana , Latypova Gyulnara , Rodin Artem
Published: November 2020

In this study, a classification of welding methods is proposed, based on the peculiarities of metal gripping under various heat-deformation conditions for the implementation of welding processes. The theoretical basis of the developed classification is the hypothesis of the critical sizes of active centers. The main approaches to the classification of welding methods are considered, and four groups of pressure welding methods are proposed, depending on the mechanism of formation of stable centres of gripping: mechanical welding methods with low plastic deformation rate; mechanical methods of welding with a high plastic deformation rate; thermo-mechanical welding methods, in which, in addition to heating by deformation, additional sources of thermal energy are used to increase the temperature in the zone of joint formation; thermal pressure welding methods that envisage only a thermal activation channel.
Approach to development of HMI screens for CNC with dynamic kinematics
Authors: Martinov Georgi , Pushkov Roman , Martinova Liliya , Kozak Nikolai , Evstafieva Svetlana
Published: November 2020

Adaptation of the user interface of the CNC system to work with machines with dynamic kinematics is considered in this paper. The method of changing the kinematic processing scheme “on the fly” should also allow switching user screens “on the fly”, changing them to the option that is currently needed. For these purposes, the basic functionality of the system is expanded by processing events from the CNC kernel.
Research the hardness of polymer materials after turning
Authors: Erenkov Oleg , Yavorskaya Elena
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of experimental studies to determine the hardness of the treated surface depending on the conditions and machining type of workpieces made of textolite, caprolon and fluoroplastic. The experimental methodology and explanation of the reasons for changing the hardness of the treated surface for the investigated variants of machining the materials are under study. The results of studying the influence of the phenomenon of elastic aftereffect of the polymer materials after workpieces machining are obtained.
Strength criterion for unidirectional CFRP under off-axis loading
Authors: Dumansky Alexander , Liu Hao , Alimov Mukhamiat
Published: November 2020

A failure criterion is proposed which allows describing the strength of unidirectional CFRP under tension-compression at an off-axis angle with strength applicable for practical use. An experimental verification was carried out which showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The criterion makes it possible to determine the peak of the failure envelope in the compression area caused, on the one hand, by an increase in strength under in-plane shear due to transverse compressive stresses and, on the other hand, by a decrease in strength due to destruction of the matrix and the interface between unidirectional layer components.
Modeling and research of the process of preparing the surface of a part for thermal spray coating
Authors: Novikov Aleksandr , Rodishev Aleksei , Gorin Andrei , Tokmakova Maria
Published: November 2020

The article presents an analysis of ways to increase the adhesive strength of antifriction coating. A rational method for the mechanical formation of surfaces is proposed. The calculation of the workpiece based on the finite element method has been carried out. The theoretical dependences of metal lifting on the depth of the rolling roller are obtained. The results of a field experiment are presented. A comparative analysis of theoretical and practical results of the research has been carried out. Recommendations are given for the further use of the net rolling method with a pre-cut “ragged thread”.
Investigation of Uniformity of Allowance along Airfoil of GTE Turbine Blade
Authors: Vdovin R. A.
Published: November 2020

This paper shows the results of a study of the uniformity of the allowance along the airfoil in the turbine blades workpieces. It is found that in the existing industry, there is a defect associated with a lack of allowance along the airfoil (from the blade back and pressure side) for the polishing operation in order to give the required cleanliness and roughness of the surface layer. By measuring the wall thickness of the blade airfoils, it is concluded that by mechanically modifying the technological bases on the blade, it is possible to select the optimal position of the workpiece in the template instrument, at which the allowance along the airfoil is relatively uniform, and the dimensions of the blade wall thickness will be within the specified tolerance.
Calculation of temperature fields during finishing and strengthening electromechanical treatment of bodies of rotation moving along a helical line by a high-temperature source
Authors: Morozov Alexander , Khabieva Lilia , Knyurov Alexey , Petryakov Sergey , Nuretdinova Julia
Published: November 2020

The obtained approximate analytical dependences on the calculation of temperature fields in the processed part during finishing and strengthening electro-mechanical processing allow us to predict the properties of the surface layer and assign processing modes based on the characteristics of operation.
Application of vibration stabilizing treatment to improve the quality of aircraft parts
Authors: Belozerov M. A. , Lebedev V. A. , Koval N. S. , Ivanov V. V. , Popov S. I.
Published: November 2020

The article shows that one of the most significant factors influencing a decrease in the accuracy of parts achieved during machining is the occurrence of technological residual stresses, leads to significant changes in their geometric shape. The paper reveals technological aspects of vibration stabilizing processing of parts, presents methods of its implementation, and considers possible methods of its implementation and its influence on the change in residual stresses of parts of low rigidity. The ways of increasing the efficiency of vibration stabilizing treatment ensuring its application to stabilize the quality of parts and, as a consequence, the service life of aircraft.
The application of the elastic tube with the specific cross section form in the linear peristaltic pump
Authors: Grishin Alexander
Published: November 2020

The article presents a study of the tube form influence on performance of the peristaltic pump with the linearly placed tube and several pushers squeezing it in the transverse direction. The coupled numerical simulation of fluid flow and solid domain deformation was carried out using the software, based on the finite volume method. The cross sections with surface protrusions of two different types are considered for numerical simulation. The simulation results have shown that protrusions without a smooth transition at the tube walls reduce the compression ratio of the tube and therefore yield the flow rate reduce. Protrusions with s smooth transition at the tube walls on the contrary increase the flow rate in a high pressure range. Higher flow rate and pressure values achieved in the case of surface protrusions placed in the first compression region of the tube only. Comparison of pump characteristic curves shows that the use of tube surface protrusions can significantly increase the energy efficiency of the pump.
Product layout electronic simulation application to power engineering products design practice based on NX-TeamCenter PLM System
Authors: Dotsenko Valeriy , Serbinovskiy Mikhail , Priymak Anton , Markelov Denis , Serbinovskaya Alexandra
Published: November 2020

The article present some issues of product lifecycle support based on Teamcenter and NX software systems as well as the process of product layout electronic simulation application to the design of power engineering products: boilers, heat exchange equipment and nuclear power plants equipment. A comparative analysis of the most popular systems is carried out. Tasks and problems of PLM system implementation and ways to solve them are presented.
A discrete control algorithm synthesis for the live-steam-line heating system
Authors: Akimenko Dmitriy , Sizov Alexandr , Chubarov Fedor , Nikitin Aleksey , del Sokorro Lusia
Published: November 2020

An original mathematic model of a main live-steam-line heating system for the 6 MW turbine is reviewed. The present model is composed from a system of ODE with divergences and constant coefficients, along with an object structure is shown, numerical values of parameters are determined. The transfer function method is used for the model analysis, which is necessary for the main problem resolving. It consists of a discrete control algorithm construction to provide an appropriate heat transition process of an aperiodic type with quality performance required. The con- trol algorithm is based on the functional minimization condition, which is used here as the minimum energy speed up the process. The gradient method and etalon-model method are also used to get an optimal system stage. Due to methods applied, a main variable parameter influence on a system performance is analyzed, optimal adjustment value is retrieved, which allows you to provide the required quality for the heating system performance in all operating modes.
PlantTwin simulation system as a tool for verifying production plans and supporting decision-making to improve the efficiency of machine-building industries
Authors: Nikishechkin Petr A. , Ivashin Sergey S. , Chernenko Vitaly E. , Malykhanov Andrey A. , Dolgov Nikita V.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the issues of improving the efficiency of production and logistics systems (PLS) of machine-building enterprises through the joint use of MES/APS systems and simulation systems for verification of production plans and decision support. The possibility of using the PlantTwin simulation system on the example of a small machine- building enterprise is considered. Simulation of the operation of the enterprise’s PLS when performing a given production program is performed. Based on the results of simulation modeling, a number of organizational and technological proposals and recommendations for improving the efficiency of the enterprise’s PLS were formed. The proposed solutions were verified by making changes to the simulation scenario and obtaining new results showing their effectiveness.
Calculation of light transistor structural parameters based on InGaN – AlGaN heterostructure
Authors: Bushuev Artem , Zolotov Artem , Chkalov Ruslan
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to study of building possibility of digital conversion systems based on new optoelectronic principles, which allow to expand the frequency range of conversion, as well as to increase the conversion capacity, thereby increasing the accuracy. The structural parameters of emitting p-n junction for a light-emitting transistor based on p-InGaN – n-AlGaN heterostructure have been investigated.
Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder
Authors: Potapova Ekaterina , Kyaw Nyein Aung , Tsvetkova Elena , Fischer Hans-Betram
Published: November 2020

Modification of the structure of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allows you to expand the range of gypsum binders for creating dry building mixes and structural elements of low-rise buildings. It was found that in the presence of functional additives, the character of crystallization of hydrate neoplasms changes, which leads to a change in the properties of the hardened binder. The study of the effect of individual and complex additives on the properties of gypsum-cement-pozzolan binder allowed us to develop water-resistant gypsum binders.
Continual model and dynamic calculation of buildings under seismic impacts
Authors: Usarov M. K. , Ayubov G. T. , Usarov D. M.
Published: November 2020

Continuum plate model in the form of a cantilever anisotropic plate developed in the framework of the bimoment theory of plates describing seismic oscillations of buildings is proposed in this paper as a dynamic model of a building. Formulas for the reduced moduli of elasticity, shear and density of the plate model of a building are given. Longitudinal oscillations of a building are studied using the continuum plate and box-like models of the building with Finite Element Model. Numerical results are obtained in the form of graphs, followed by their analysis.
Von Kopf bis Fuß – Haltungsasymmetrie bei Säuglingen
Authors: Stoevesandt Kai
Published: November 2020

Kopfverformungen und Haltungsasymmetrien im Säuglingsalter können mitunter Folgen haben. Physiotherapeut und Osteopath Kai Stoevesandt zeigt, wie man Symptome erkennt und welche Maßnahmen sinnvoll sind. Er ist überzeugt, dass Therapeuten in den ersten Lebensmonaten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Korrektur einer asymmetrischen Haltung im Säuglingsalter leisten können.
Interdisciplinary Surveillance of Ocular Melanomas: Experiences in a German Tertiary Centre
Authors: Mor Joel M. , Rokohl Alexander C. , Mauch Cornelia , Heindl Ludwig M.
Published: November 2020

Background In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, there are no uniform guidelines regarding surveillance of ocular (uveal, conjunctival) melanomas. A consented standard operating procedure (SOP) by the “Netzwerk onkologische Spitzenzentren” Germany only exists for conjunctival melanoma but not for uveal melanoma. Surveillance is partially based on German S3-guidelines for cutaneous melanoma and is carried out by oncologic centres in a multidisciplinary approach. This study aims to evaluate patientsʼ adherence to surveillance programs and whether surveillance recommendations (examinations, intervals) can be realised.

Methods Retrospective analysis of all ocular melanoma patients overseen at the University Hospital of Cologne between 2008 and 2019. The study evaluates rates of successful patient integration into a standardized surveillance program and patientsʼ surveillance adherence, subject to age, gender, primary therapy and tumour entity, respectively.

Results 99 patients were included (56 female, 43 male), 83 of which had uveal melanomas and 16 conjunctival melanomas. Mean follow-up was 59 months. 81% of patients were integrated into a surveillance program. Surveillance was performed according to published recommendations in 78%. 13% of patients dropped out of the surveillance program after a mean period of 38 months.

Conclusions Our data show a growing number of patients in standardized surveillance. However, there are still gaps. There is a need for guidelines specifically designed for ocular melanomas, allowing centres to offer patients an individualized approach.
Standard Changing News der Senologie und der Gynäkologischen Onkologie 2020
Authors: Preuß Caroline , Hein Alexander , Beckmann Matthias W. , Jud Sebastian M.
Published: November 2020

Viele Publikationen machten das onkologische Jahr 2019/2020 wieder zu einem spannenden und hoffnungsvollen Jahr im Bereich der Senologie und der Gynäkologischen Onkologie. Die großen onkologischen Kongresse ESMO und das San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium fanden im Herbst 2019 noch in gewohnter Form statt, während das ASCO Annual Meeting im Mai 2020 aufgrund der weltweiten Corona-Pandemie als virtueller Kongress stattfand.

Weiterhin sind individuelle Therapiekonzepte im Sinne einer personalisierten Medizin der richtungsweisende Trend. Therapieentscheidungen basieren neben individuellen Patientenfaktoren zunehmend auf der Grundlage molekularpathologischer und genetischer Tumoreigenschaften. Zielgerichtete Tumortherapien verdrängen immer mehr die „klassischen“ Chemotherapien oder ergänzen diese zum Beispiel als Erhaltungstherapie nach Ansprechen auf eine Chemotherapie. Die Tumortherapien müssen sich nicht mehr „nur“ an ihrer antitumorösen Wirksamkeit wie Overall survival (OS) oder Progression free survival (PFS) messen lassen, sondern auch an ihrer Verträglichkeit für die Patienten, dem Nebenwirkungsspektrum und der Lebensqualität der Patienten.

Der folgende Artikel soll gegliedert in Mammakarzinom, Ovarialkarzinom, Zervixkarzinom und Endometriumkarzinom einen Überblick über die neuesten Entwicklungen und aktuellsten wissenschaftlichen Daten des jeweiligen Malignoms vermitteln. Die wichtigsten Key Massages sind am Ende des jeweiligen Abschnittes zusammengefasst.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Haas Rainer , Jäger Paul S.
Published: November 2020

Mit diesem Artikel möchten wir dem Leser verdeutlichen, wie in den letzten Jahrzehnten dank der Fortschritte in der Molekularbiologie neue medizinisch relevante Erkenntnisse bei myeloischen Neoplasien gewonnen wurden. Das wachsende Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Pathophysiologie ist auf die Identifizierung spezifischer genomischer Veränderungen zurückzuführen und liefert uns sehr empfindliche Werkzeuge für die Diagnostik, Prognoseabschätzung und das Therapiemonitoring. Zusätzlich ebnet uns die Identifizierung bestimmter molekularer Zielstrukturen den Weg zu einer individualisierten oder personalisierten Therapie. Insbesondere die rasche Entwicklung neuer Sequenzierungstechniken für das menschliche Genom wie Next Generation Sequencing hat zu diesem Fortschritt beigetragen. Einhergehend mit diesem Fortschritt, stehen wir jedoch auch vor neuen Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Interpretation der gewonnenen Daten. In jüngster Zeit haben uns neue Auswertungsverfahren, die sich unter anderem bei Methoden aus dem Gebiet der künstlichen Intelligenz bedienen, Werkzeuge zur Verfügung gestellt, um die komplexen Wechselwirkungen von genomischen Veränderungen, Krankheitsverlauf und weiteren Faktoren genauer analysieren zu können und welche in Zukunft für den Kliniker an Relevanz gewinnen können.
Modular Synthesis of α-Substituted Alkenyl Acetals by a Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Reaction of α-Haloalkenyl Acetals with Organoboranes
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: November 2020

A modular and straightforward synthetic strategy for the preparation of α-substituted alkenyl acetals has been developed. α-Haloalkenyl acetals react smoothly with (het)aryl boronic acids, aryl boronates, or B-alkyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes through Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling under mild conditions with good to high yields. This protocol features a broad substrate scope and good functional-group compatibility, and is easily scaled up.
Immediate Postoperative Improvement in Gait Parameters following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Can Be Measured with an Insole Sensor Device
Authors: Pfeufer Daniel , Monteiro Priscila , Gililland Jeremy , Anderson Mike B. , Böcker Wolfgang , Stagg Marissa , Kammerlander Christian , Neuerburg Carl , Pelt Christopher
Published: November 2020

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves the quality of life in those suffering from debilitating arthritis of the knee. However, little is known about the influence of TKA on restoring physical function. Prior studies have used artificial means, such as instrumented treadmills, to assess physical function after TKA. In this study an insole sensor device was used to quantify parameters of gait. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a wearable insole sensor device to measure immediate postoperative gait parameters at 2 weeks and 6 weeks following primary TKA and to determine if the device was suitable and sensitive enough to identify and measure potentially subtle changes in these measures at these early postoperative time periods. Twenty-nine patients with unilateral TKA, without contralateral knee pain, and aid-free walking before surgery were evaluated. An insole force sensor measured the postoperative parameters while walking a distance of 40 m on level ground at 2 and 6 weeks after TKA. The loading rate of the operated lower extremity was an average of 68.7% of the contralateral side at 2 weeks post-surgery and increased to 82.1% at 6 weeks post-surgery (p < 0.001). The mean gait speed increased from 0.75 to 1.02 m/s, (p < 0.001) and cadence increased from 82.9 to 99.9 steps/min (p < 0.001), while the numeric pain scale at rest decreased from 3.5/10 to 2.2/10, (p < 0.001) and the pain while walking from 3.9/10 to 2.4/10, (p < 0.001) from 2 to 6 weeks post-surgery. A significant improvement in gait parameters is detectable in the first 6 weeks after surgery with the use of a wearable insole device. As the gait speed and cadence increase and the VAS pain level decreases, the loading rate and average peak force begin to normalize. This device may allow for early gait analysis and have potential clinical utility in detecting early differences in patients' functional status following TKA.
Restoration of Five Digit Hand in Type III B & C Thumb Hypoplasia–A Game Changer in Surgical Management
Authors: Balakrishnan G. , Vijayaragavan S. , Somesh B.
Published: November 2020

Background Hypoplasia of thumb is the second common congenital difference of the thumb, next only to duplication. It may occur as an isolated hand difference or as a part of radial longitudinal deficiency. In approximately 60% of these children, the radius shows hypoplasia. The incidence of thumb hypoplasia is one in 100,000 live births. In 50% of these children, the other hand will also have similar deficiency, although variable in severity. Hypoplasia of thumb has been classified into five major categories, according to the increasing severity of hypoplasia. Type III hypoplasia of thumb is characterized by skeletal hypoplasia involving the first metacarpal and carpometacarpal joint, absent intrinsic muscles and rudimentary extrinsic muscles. It was further subclassified into types A, B & C. Type III B, described by Manske and McCarroll, involves extensive deficiency of extrinsic and intrinsic musculature with aplasia of the metacarpal base. Type III C, described by Buck-Gramcko, has hypoplastic metacarpal head.

Methods It is widely believed that reconstruction of Type III B & C hypoplastic thumb will not be functionally useful, and they are often included in the indications for pollicization in thumb hypoplasia. In India, we frequently come across parents, who are not willing to remove the hypoplastic digit. This forced us to find out a way to reconstruct the hypoplastic thumb into a functionally useful digit. We describe our surgical technique of reconstruction of hypoplastic thumbs and our experience in utilization of the technique in five children with Type III B & C hypoplasia of thumb. Carpometacarpal joint of thumb was reconstructed and stabilized with a toe phalangeal transfer in the first stage and an opponensplasty was done in the second stage to improve movement.

Results In all the five operated children, our surgical technique yielded a stable thumb which was functional. The donor site morbidity was acceptable. The parents were satisfied with the appearance and functional improvement.

Conclusion Surgical reconstruction of hypoplastic thumbs of Type III B & C is possible, and conversion of these poorly developed remnants into a useful digit by our surgical technique is a gamechanger in the management of thumb hypoplasia.
Gestational Age Dependency of Umbilical Cord Serum IL-6 Levels for Detecting Fetal Inflammation
Authors: Iwatani Sota , Kobayashi Takao , Matsui Sachiko , Hirata Akihiro , Yamamoto Miwa , Yoshida Makiko , Yoshimoto Seiji , Nakao Hideto
Published: November 2020

Objective The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is characterized by elevated concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in fetal blood, with preterm delivery and morbidity. Umbilical cord serum interleukin-6 (UC-s-IL-6) is an ideal marker for detecting FIRS. However, the effect of gestational age (GA) on UC-s-IL-6 levels has not been reported. This study aimed to determine the relationship between GA and UC-s-IL-6 levels, and GA-dependent cutoff values of UC-s-IL-6 levels for detecting fetal inflammation.

Study Design UC-s-IL-6 concentrations were measured in 194 newborns (44 extremely preterm newborns (EPNs) at 22–27 weeks' GA, 68 very preterm newborns (VPNs) at 28–31 weeks' GA, and 82 preterm newborns (PNs) at 32–34 weeks' GA). Linear regression analyses were used to correlate GA and UC-s-IL-6 levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses were performed for detecting the presence of funisitis, as the histopathological counterpart of FIRS.

Results A significant negative correlation between GA and UC-s-IL-6 levels was found in newborns with severe funisitis (r
s =  − 0.427, p = 0.004) and those with mild funisitis (r
s =  − 0.396, p = 0.025). ROC curve analyses revealed the area under the curve for detecting funisitis were 0.856, 0.837, and 0.622 in EPNs, VPNs, and PNs, respectively. The UC-s-IL-6 cutoff value in EPNs (28.1 pg/mL) exceeded those in VPNs and PNs (3.7 and 3.0 pg/mL, respectively).

Conclusion UC-s-IL-6 levels were inversely correlated with GA especially in newborns with funisitis. Such GA dependency of UC-s-IL-6 should be considered for detecting fetal inflammation.

Key Points
The Golden Hour: Early Interventions for Medical Emergencies during Pregnancy
Authors: Pacheco Luis D. , Lozada M. J. , Saade George R.
Published: November 2020

Maternal mortality has increased in the last decades in the United States as a result of increased prevalence of coexisting medical diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and both acquired and congenital heart diseases. Obstetricians and maternal–fetal medicine physicians should have the basic medical knowledge to initiate appropriate diagnostic and early therapeutic interventions since they may be the only provider available at the time of presentation. The goal of this article is not to extensively discuss the management of complex medical diseases during pregnancy, rather we provide a concise review of key early medical interventions that will likely result in improved clinical outcomes.

Key Points