bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sparse time-frequency representation for seismic noise reduction using low-rank and sparse decomposition
Authors: Nazari Siahsar Mohammad Amir , Gholtashi Saman , Kahoo Amin Roshandel , Marvi Hosein , Ahmadifard Alireza
Published: February 2016

Attenuation of random noise is a major concern in seismic data processing. This kind of noise is usually characterized by random oscillation in seismic data over the entire time and frequency. We introduced and evaluated a low-rank and sparse decomposition-based method for seismic random noise attenuation. The proposed method, which is a trace by trace algorithm, starts by transforming the seismic signal into a new sparse subspace using the synchrosqueezing transform. Then, the sparse time-frequency representation (TFR) matrix is decomposed into two parts: (a) a low-rank component and (b) a sparse component using bilateral random projection. Although seismic data are not exactly low-rank in the sparse TFR domain, they can be assumed as being of semi-low-rank or approximately low-rank type. Hence, we can recover the denoised seismic signal by minimizing the mixed [Formula: see text] norms’ objective function by considering the intrinsically semilow-rank property of the seismic data and sparsity feature of random noise in the sparse TFR domain. The proposed method was tested on synthetic and real data. In the synthetic case, the data were contaminated by random noise. Denoising was carried out by means of the [Formula: see text] classical singular spectrum analysis (SSA) and [Formula: see text] deconvolution method for comparison. The [Formula: see text] deconvolution and the classical [Formula: see text] SSA method failed to properly reduce the noise and to recover the desired signal. We have also tested the proposed method on a prestack real data set from an oil field in the southwest of Iran. Through synthetic and real tests, the proposed method is determined to be an effective, amplitude preserving, and robust tool that gives superior results over classical [Formula: see text] SSA as conventional algorithm for denoising seismic data.
Terracing gravity and magnetic data using edge-preserving smoothing filters
Authors: Li Xiong
Published: February 2016

One major purpose of gravity and magnetic transformations is to produce a result that can be related to geology. The terracing operator achieves this purpose by converting gravity and magnetic data into a geologic map-like field wherein homogeneous domains with sharp domain boundaries are defined. Edge-preserving smoothing filters developed in image processing have the same capability. I have applied the Kuwahara, mean of least variance, and symmetric nearest neighbor filters to gravity and magnetic data. Synthetic and field data examples suggest that these edge-preserving smoothing filters produce terraced effects cleaner than the terracing operator, and the mean of least variance filter often produces the cleanest and sharpest result.
Zebrafish learn to forage in the dark
Authors: Carrillo Andres , McHenry Matthew J.
Published: February 2016

A large diversity of fishes struggle early in life to forage on zooplankton while under the threat of predation. Some species, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), acquire an ability to forage in the dark during growth as larvae, but it is unclear how this is achieved. We investigated the functional basis of this foraging by video-recording larval and juvenile zebrafish as they preyed on zooplankton (Artemia sp.) under infrared illumination. We found that foraging improved with age, to the extent that 1-month-old juveniles exhibited a capture rate that was an order of magnitude greater than that of hatchlings. At all ages, the ability to forage in the dark was diminished when we used a chemical treatment to compromise the cranial superficial neuromasts, which facilitate flow sensing. However, a morphological analysis showed no developmental changes in these receptors that could enhance sensitivity. We tested whether the improvement in foraging with age could instead be a consequence of learning by raising fish that were naïve to the flow of prey. After 1 month of growth, both groups foraged with a capture rate that was significantly less than that of fish that had the opportunity to learn and indistinguishable from that of fish with no ability to sense flow. This suggests that larval fish learn to use water flow to forage in the dark. This ability could enhance resource acquisition under reduced competition and predation. Furthermore, our findings offer an example of learning in a model system that offers promise for understanding its neurophysiological basis.
Silicon-based plant defences, tooth wear and voles
Authors: Calandra Ivan , Zub Karol , Szafrańska Paulina A. , Zalewski Andrzej , Merceron Gildas
Published: February 2016

Plant–herbivore interactions are hypothesized to drive vole population cycles through the grazing-induced production of phytoliths in leaves. Phytoliths act as mechanical defences because they deter herbivory and lower growth rates in mammals. However, how phytoliths impair herbivore performance is still unknown. Here, we tested whether the amount of phytoliths changes tooth wear patterns. If confirmed, abrasion from phytoliths could play a role in population crashes. We applied dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) to laboratory and wild voles. Lab voles were fed two pelleted diets with differing amounts of silicon, which produced similar dental textures. This was most probably due to the loss of food mechanical properties through pelletization and/or the small difference in silicon concentration between diets. Wild voles were trapped in Poland during spring and summer, and every year across a population cycle. In spring, voles feed on silica-rich monocotyledons, while in the summer they also include silica-depleted dicotyledons. This was reflected in the results; the amount of silica therefore leaves a traceable record in the dental microwear texture of voles. Furthermore, voles from different phases of population cycles have different microwear textures. We tentatively propose that these differences result from grazing-induced phytolith concentrations. We hypothesize that the high amount of phytoliths in response to intense grazing in peak years may result in malocclusion and other dental abnormalities, which would explain how these silicon-based plant defences help provoke population crashes. DMTA could then be used to reconstruct vole population dynamics using teeth from pellets or palaeontological material.
Uma análise do aspecto regulador do Estado brasileiro à luz do papel das agências reguladoras
Authors: Silva Cristina Alves da , Nelson Rocco Antonio Rangel Rosso
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo tem como escopo discutir o surgimento das agências reguladoras diante da evolução do Estado: iniciando no Estado liberal, passando pelo Estado social até chegar ao Estado regulador ou neoliberal. Fez-se um breve histórico do surgimento das primeiras agências reguladoras no direito internacional e, ainda, das variadas características desses entes administrativos criados na forma de autarquias em regime especial, dotados de autonomia e poder normativo, e, para tanto, utilizou-se uma metodologia de análise qualitativa com métodos de abordagem hipotético-dedutivos de caráter descritivo e analítico. Nesse contexto, buscou-se analisar essa regulação como espécie de intervenção estatal, surgida para ordenar os setores básicos da infraestrutura econômica e, dessa forma, tornam-se as agências reguladoras responsáveis pelo controle, regulamentação e fiscalização de serviços públicos, atividades e bens transferidos ao setor privado. An analysis of the regulatory aspect of the Brazilian State from the perspective of the role of regulatory agencies This article is scoped to discuss the emergence of regulatory agencies on the evolution of the State: starting in the Liberal State, passing through the Welfare State until you reach the State Regulator or Neoliberal. There was a brief history of the emergence of the first regulatory agencies in international law, and yet, the varied characteristics of these administrative bodies created in the form of local authorities in special regime, endowed with autonomy and legislative powers, and to this end, we used a methodology of qualitative analysis with hypothetical-deductive approach methods of analytical and descriptive character. In this context, we sought to examine this regulation while species of State intervention, which to order the basic sectors of the economic infrastructure, and thus, become the with regulatory agencies, responsible for control, regulation and supervision of public services, activities and assets transferred to the private sector.
Espécie Invasora — história da recepção do conceito de direito administrativo pela doutrina jurídica brasileira no século XIX
Authors: Guandalini Junior Walter
Published: February 2016

O artigo examina o processo de recepção do conceito de “direito administrativo” pela doutrina jurídica brasileira no século XIX. Iniciando pela análise do trabalho de construção do conceito pela doutrina jurídica francesa, avalia o modo como ele foi incorporado ao pensamento jurídico nacional e as consequências de sua ressignificação em face do contexto político-social específico de nosso país. Conclui apresentando as funções desempenhadas pelo conceito de “direito administrativo” no discurso jurídico em circulação no Brasil Imperial. Invading Species — history of the reception of the concept of administrative law by the brazilian legal doctrine in the 19th century This paper examines the reception process of the concept of “administrative law” by the brazilian legal doctrine in the 19th century. It analyses the concept’s construction by french legal doctrine, evaluates its incorporation into national legal thought and the consequences of its resignification in the light of brazilian socio-political context. Concludes by presenting the role played by the concept of “administrative law” in the circulating legal discourse in the Empire of Brazil.
Redução do horário de atendimento ao público no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Goiás
Authors: Dantas Conselheiro Bruno
Published: February 2016

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Parlamentarismo ou presidencialismo — debates na Comissão Afonso Arinos
Authors: Moraes Filho Evaristo de , Freyre Gilberto
Published: February 2016

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Ius Constitutionale Commune na América Latina. Uma reflexão sobre um constitucionalismo transformador
Authors: Von Bogdandy Armin
Published: February 2016

O Ius Constitutionale Commune na América Latina (Iccal) trata de uma abordagem regional sobre o constitucionalismo transformador. Esse enfoque se assenta na inquietante experiência adquirida com as inaceitáveis condições de vida existentes, e aponta para a transformação da realidade política e social da América Latina, por meio do fortalecimento da democracia, do estado de direito e dos direitos humanos. Os problemas comuns aos países latino-americanos, tais como a exclusão de amplos setores da sociedade, bem como a deficiente normatividade dos direitos, são temas centrais dessa abordagem. O Iccal não aposta somente na integração funcional da região, mas sim em um constitucionalismo regional dos direitos com garantias supranacionais. Como resultado deste, os representantes do Iccal reconhecem a tão estreita relação que existe entre os direitos constitucional, internacional e comparado. A abertura dos ordenamentos jurídicos nacionais de numerosos países latino-americanos, com o direito internacional e, em particular, com o sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos, é de particular importância e constitui o núcleo normativo do Iccal. A presente contribuição analisa os elementos centrais de tal abordagem, e descreve seus contornos, especificamente, latino-americanos. Ius Constitutionale Commune in Latin America. A reflection on a transformer constitutionalism The Ius Commune Constitutionale in Latin America (Iccal) is a regional approach to the transformative constitutionalism. This approach is based on the unsettling experience of the existing unacceptable living conditions, and points to the transformation of the political and social reality of Latin America, through the strengthening of democracy, the rule of law and human rights. The common problems to Latin American countries, such as the exclusion of broad sectors of society, as well as poor normativity of rights, are central themes of this approach. Iccal not only focus on the functional integration of the region, but on a regional constitutionalism rights to supranational guarantees. As a result of this, representatives of Iccal recognize such a close relationship that exists between constitutional, international and compared rights. The opening of the national legal systems of many Latin American countries, with international law and in particular with the inter-American system of human rights protection is of particular importance and represents the normative core Iccal. This contribution examines the key elements of such an approach, and describes its contours, specifically Latin Americans.
Licitação internacional e empresa estrangeira: os cenários brasileiro e europeu
Authors: Moreira Egon Bockmann , Guimarães Bernardo Strobel , Torgal Lino
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo pretende discutir o regime de participação de empresas estrangeiras nas licitações no Brasil e traçar um comparativo com o panorama equivalente na União Europeia. International bidding and foreign company: the Brazilian and European framework This article aims to discuss the legal framework for foreign companies’ participation in competitive biddings in Brazil. Also, it draws a comparison with the legal system of European Union.
Intervenção direta do Estado na economia: uma análise do caput do art. 173 da Constituição brasileira
Authors: Saddy André
Published: February 2016

Trata-se de estudo sobre a existência de discricionariedade potencial no enunciado normativo do art. 173, caput, da Constituição brasileira. Demonstrou-se que o dever-poder discricionário está localizado no operador deôntico, já que é uma norma permissiva, e na estatuição, uma vez que existem quatro formas de o Estado (absorsiva integral; absorsiva parcial; participativa associativa; e participativa não associativa) intervir diretamente na economia. Também se analisaram as duas previsões dessa norma (“segurança nacional” e “interesse coletivo”) e os problemas criados pela utilização de tais conceitos jurídicos indeterminados. Por fim, estudou-se as técnicas e etapas que o agente público tem que cumprir para chegar até as estatuições válidas, ou seja, até a discricionariedade efetiva. Direct intervention of the state in the economy: an analysis of the caput of the article 173 of the Brazilian Constitution This is a study about the potential discretionary power existence in the article 173, caput, of the Brazilian Constitution. We have demonstrated that the discretion is located in the deontic operator since the norm brings a permissive standard for the direct intervention of the State in the economy, but also in the consequence of the norm because there are 4 (four) different forms of the State intervene in the economy. We also have analysed the two predictions of this norm (“national security” and “collective interest”) and the problems created by the use of such indeterminate juridical concepts. Finally, we studied the techniques and steps that the public official has to fulfil to reach the valid options, or until the effective discretion.
Prescrição e procedimento dos créditos não tributários
Authors: Heinen Juliano
Published: February 2016

Os créditos não tributários constituem receitas de capital que não podem ser renunciadas. Contudo, em muitas situações, não existe legislação local ou regional que discipline a matéria, não sendo previsto o procedimento administrativo para apurar a referida receita, nem mesmo prazos de prescrição e/ou de decadência aplicáveis à espécie. Assim, diante dessa conjuntura, necessário seja diagnosticada a forma de se cobrar os valores oriundos dessa relação jurídica, bem como qual o período que pode ser cobrado e que não está afetado pela prescrição e/ou decadência, quando inexistem normas legais específicas. Procedure and limitation period of state’s credit State’s credits are capital receipts that can not be waived. However, in many situations, there is no regional or local legislation that governs the matter not being provided the administrative procedure to determine the aforementioned prescription, even periods of limitation and / or decay applicable to the species. So, faced with this situation, the form must be diagnosed to collect the amounts arising from this legal relationship, and which period can be charged and is not affected by prescription and / or decadence, when there is no specific legal provisions.
(Juris)prudência e sistemas jurídicos: um breve estudo sobre a modéstia judicial na common law e no sistema romano-germânico
Authors: Berman José Guilherme
Published: February 2016

Por influência do sistema jurídico da common law, os países de tradição jurídica romano-germânica têm experimentado um grande crescimento da importância da jurisprudência como fonte do direito. No Brasil, o fenômeno vem se desenvolvendo de forma acentuada nas últimas décadas, por meio de reformas legislativas e constitucionais que fortaleceram as decisões proferidas por determinados tribunais. No entanto, a criação jurisprudencial do direito traz consigo problemas de legitimidade democrática que não podem ser ignorados. Com base na experiência desenvolvida em países de common law, nos quais os precedentes sempre foram protagonistas no rol de fontes do direito, o artigo apresenta algumas considerações a respeito da postura modesta que juízes devem adotar tanto ao se deparar com a aplicação de precedentes já estabelecidos como ao construir suas próprias decisões. (Juris)prudence and legal systems: a brief study on judicial modesty in common law and Roman-Germanic systems Influenced by the legal tradition of the common law, countries of Roman- Germanic legal systems are experiencing a wide expansion of the relevance of the case law as a source of law. In Brazil, this phenomenon is developing in a fast way in the last decades, due to legislative and constitutional reforms that strengthened the effects of decisions rendered by certain courts. However, judge-made law involves issues of democratic legitimacy that must be taken into consideration. Based on the experience of common law countries, in which precedents have always been the most relevant source of law, this article presents some consideration on the modest posture that judges must adopt when dealing both with previously established precedents and when constructing its own decisions.
Inconstitucionalidade de eleições diretas para direção de instituições de ensino públicas
Authors: Peluzo Ministro Cesar
Published: February 2016

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Parâmetros para cobrança de custos e despesas pessoais
Authors: Kravchychyn Conselheiro Jefferson
Published: February 2016

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1984: O Supremo, contra as diretas, emenda a Constituição
Authors: Cavalcanti José Paulo
Published: February 2016

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A governança não estatal da internet e o direito brasileiro
Authors: Sundfeld Carlos Ari , Rosilho André
Published: February 2016

Para o direito brasileiro, o sistema internet (registros de nomes do domínio “.br”, distribuição de endereços IP e sua regulação) é um serviço de valor adicionado, não sujeito a regulação pública (Lei nº 9.472, de 1997, art. 61). As organizações que o gerem (CGI.br e NIC.br) têm a participação do Estado brasileiro (Decreto Federal nº 4.829, de 2003), mas não são agentes dele, e sim de um sistema global coordenado pela Icann. Internet non-state governance and the Brazilian law  To the Brazilian law, the Internet system (domain name registrations “.br”, distribution of IP addresses and their regulation) is not subject to public regulation (Law 9472 of 1997, art. 61). According to the federal decree 4829, 2003, the Brazilian state is part of the organizations that manage it (CGI. br and NIC.br), but do not control them. The institutions are coordinated by Icann.
Sustentabilidade e planejamento: valores constitucionais reitores das contratações administrativas, no estado democrático de direito
Authors: Pereira Junior Jessé Torres
Published: February 2016

O texto analisa os conceitos de sustentabilidade e de planejamento como valores constitucionais norteadores das contratações administrativas no estado democrático de direito, a partir da formulação e implantação de políticas dessa natureza na estrutura organizacional do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período compreendido entre 2012-15. Sustainable development and planning: constitutional values leading democratic law state contractual activity This paper produces an analysis about planning and sustainable development conceived as leading constitutional values for the contractual activity in the democratic law state, taking into consideration policies that has been proposed and achieved within the Rio de Janeiro Court of Justice organizational structure, along 2012-15.
Fundações públicas de direito privado: breve ensaio sobre o exercício da função administrativa sob regime de direito privado
Authors: De Matos Federico Nunes
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo analisa o emprego das fundações públicas de direito privado enquanto instrumentos de descentralização administrativa, tendo como pano de fundo a dicotomia direito público e direito privado e a utilização de figuras jurídicas originárias do regime jurídico de direito privado pela administração pública. O trabalho inicialmente explora a distinção entre direito público e direito privado, assim como as principais concepções teóricas que buscaram estabelecer critério capaz de explicar tal separação. Num segundo momento, o trabalho trata das principais polêmicas existentes em torno do regime jurídico das fundações públicas de direito privado, assim como da sua evolução no direito brasileiro. Public foundations of private law: a brief essay about the exercise of administrative function under private law This article examines the use of public foundations of private law as instruments of administrative decentralization, with the backdrop of the dichotomy public and private law by the public administration and the use of legal forms originating from the legal system of private law by Government. The work, initially, explores the difference between public and private law, as well as the main theoretical concepts that seek to establish criteria capable of explaining such separation. Secondly, the work discusses the main controversies surrounding the legal status of public foundations of private law, as well as its evolution in Brazilian law.
A inconstitucionalidade da instituição de contribuição previdenciária para servidores inativos
Authors: Gabardo Emerson , Valiati Thiago Priess
Published: February 2016

O artigo analisa a constitucionalidade da política pública de cobrança de contribuição previdenciária dos servidores inativos no Brasil. Inicialmente, são elencados seis argumentos para a sustentação da proposição de inconstitucionalidade: o dever de obediência ao ato jurídico perfeito e ao direito adquirido; a aplicação do princípio da confiança, da boa-fé e da teoria da perda de uma chance; a vedação ao confisco e o caráter alimentar das prestações previdenciárias; a proibição da tributação sem causa e a ausência de contraprestação por parte do Estado; a vedação ao bis in idem; e a prevalência da solidariedade em favor dos vulneráveis e o princípio da proibição do retrocesso social. Finalmente, o trabalho destaca a possibilidade de inconstitucionalidade formal da contribuição dos servidores inativos quando não estão presentes dois requisitos: a necessidade de emenda à Constituição do Estado para a instituição da cobrança; e a obediência ao devido processo legislativo. The unconstitutionality of the social security contribution for retirees in the public service The article analyzes the constitutionality of public policy for social security contribution collection of retirees in Brazil. At first, six arguments to support the unconstitutionality proposition are listed: The duty of obedience to perfect legal acts and vested rights; the application of the principle of trust, good faith, and loss of chance theory; the sealing of confiscation and the feed character of social security benefits; the tax prohibition without cause and the lack of consideration by the State; the sealing to “bis in idem”; and the prevalence of solidarity for the vulnerable and principle of prohibition to social regression. Finally, the paper highlights the possibility of formal unconstitutionality of retiree contribution collection when two requirements are not present: the need of an amendment to the State Constitution for the establishment of retiree contribution collection; and obedience to the due process of law.
Uber: o mercado de transporte individual de passageiros — regulação, externalidades e equilíbrio urbano
Authors: Esteves Conselheiro Luiz Alberto
Published: February 2016

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Constituição, direito e política: o Supremo Tribunal Federal e os poderes da República
Authors: Barroso Ministro Luís Roberto
Published: February 2016

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Ο χώρος εξελισσόμενο υλικό πεδίο αγωγής σε συνεργατικό εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον στο νηπιαγωγείο
Authors: Zisopoulou Eleni
Published: February 2016

Ο χώρος του σχολείου διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στη μάθηση και στην ανάπτυξη του παιδιού. Η συνεργατική διδασκαλία και μάθηση διευκολύνει και ενισχύει την ανάπτυξη αλληλεπιδραστικών σχέσεων μεταξύ των παιδιών και τους παρέχει τις δυνατότητες και τις ευκαιρίες, μέσα από συνεργατικές διαδικασίες, να διαμορφώνουν το χώρο και να τον προσαρμόζουν στις επιθυμίες τους και στις ανάγκες της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας.

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να αναδείξει τη σημασία της ενεργής συμμετοχής των παιδιών στην αναδιαμόρφωση του χώρου, τη μετατροπή του σε εξελισσόμενο υλικό  πεδίου αγωγής και τη συμβολή του στη μάθηση και ανάπτυξη των παιδιών.

Η παρούσα έρευνα ήταν έρευνα δράση και εφαρμόστηκε σε νηπιαγωγεία. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν ήταν ιδιαίτερα σημαντικά. Τα παιδιά αναδείχθηκαν σε πρωταγωνιστές στη σχέση τους με το χώρο καθώς τον διαμορφώνανε κατάλληλα για να εξυπηρετεί τις δράσεις τους στη μικρή αλλά και στη μεγάλη ομάδα. Ο χώρος απέκτησε την ιδιότητα της ευελιξίας καθώς μέσα από τη συχνή αναδιοργάνωσή του, που γινόταν με πραγματικές ή συμβολικές αλλαγές, συνδεόταν με τη μάθηση, τις ανάγκες και τις επιθυμίες των παιδιών. Η μετατροπή του χώρου σε εξελισσόμενο υλικό πεδίο αγωγής συνδέθηκε με την αύξηση των θετικών αλληλεπιδράσεων, την εμφάνιση της ευχαρίστησης στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία, την ανάπτυξη στοιχείων δημιουργικότητας και την κατάκτηση των γνωστικών στόχων του προγράμματος.

 
Η σημασία και η χρησιμότητα της ιστορικότητας της ανάγνωσης ενός μυθιστορήματος: Αστραδενή, της Ευγενίας Φακίνου
Authors: Akritopoulos Alexandros
Published: February 2016

Στόχευση αυτής της δοκιμής, που καταρχήν εντάσσεται στην ιστορία της ανάγνωσης και προβάλλει άμεσα ή έμμεσα την ιστορικότητα του αναγνώστη, είναι η ανάδειξη γωνιών και όψεων της ανάγνωσης που αφορούν στη λογοτεχνική πρόσληψη και το αναγνωστικό κοινό. Από την άλλη, η επιλογή του μυθιστορήματος Αστραδενή της Ευγενίας Φακίνου μάς επιβάλλεται από μια αδιευκρίνιστη ώς τώρα παραδοξότητα, δηλαδή από το ότι το έργο διαβάστηκε από ενήλικες, νέους ενήλικες, έφηβους, και τμηματικά, ίσως και ολοκληρωμένα, από προέφηβες και προέφηβους ηλικίας 11 και 12 ετών.
The TOUCH program and natalizumab: Fundamental flaw in patient protection
Authors: Avasarala Jagannadha
Published: February 2016

Many drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1993 for treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). One such drug is natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen Idec and Elan pharmaceuticals) which has enjoyed great success in the management of MS since its re-introduction in 2006. One of the complications of using natalizumab is the risk of development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). To mitigate the risk of PML development, Biogen Idec initiated the TOUCH program – this strategy helps monitor the disease. Clinical vigilance remains key in the early diagnosis of PML but serological testing for the John Cunningham Virus Antibody (JCV) helps with risk stratification of PML. However, some physicians do not test for the JCV Ab and since they are not required to send such data to the company or inform the patient, one red flag for suspicion of PML is lost particularly if the patient is asymptomatic.  This undercuts the premise of the TOUCH program. In an ideal world, reporting JCV Ab status should be made mandatory since that ensures a basic tenet of the program is met – to identify patients at increased risk of developing PML and make appropriate recommendations based on that finding. Lack of requirement of reporting of this vital finding opens the door for uncertainty in assessment of risk PML development and everyone remains in the dark till it may be too late. This is unacceptable when the company created the TOUCH program specifically with intent to track PML risk in patients on natalizumab. It makes no scientific sense to let the drug be used without setting stringent criteria given the possibility of PML development.
FreeSASA: An open source C library for solvent accessible surface area calculations
Authors: Mitternacht Simon
Published: February 2016

Calculating solvent accessible surface areas (SASA) is a run-of-the-mill calculation in structural biology. Although there are many programs available for this calculation, there are no free-standing, open-source tools designed for easy tool-chain integration. FreeSASA is an open source C library for SASA calculations that provides both command-line and Python interfaces in addition to its C API. The library implements both Lee and Richards’ and Shrake and Rupley’s approximations, and is highly configurable to allow the user to control molecular parameters, accuracy and output granularity. It only depends on standard C libraries and should therefore be easy to compile and install on any platform. The library is well-documented, stable and efficient. The command-line interface can easily replace closed source legacy programs, with comparable or better accuracy and speed, and with some added functionality.
Possible repurposing of seasonal influenza vaccine for prevention of Zika virus infection
Authors: Veljkovic Veljko , Paessler Slobodan
Published: February 2016

The in silico analysis shows that the envelope glycoproteins E of Zika viruses (ZIKV) isolated in Asia, Africa and South and Central America encode highly conserved information determining their interacting profile and immunological properties. Previously it was shown that the same information is encoded in the primary structure of the hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1) from pdmH1N1 influenza A virus.  This similarity suggests possible repurposing of the seasonal influenza vaccine containing pdmH1N1 component for prevention of the ZIKV infection.
Interrelations of Prerequisites of Preparation of Accounting Reports and Typical Distortions of Registration and Reporting Information
Authors: Мамушкина  , Mamushkina Natalya
Published: February 2016

Th e article gives the concepts of mistake, distortion of registration and reporting information, fraud, unfair

actions according to the Russian and international standards of accounting and auditing activities. Th e author off ers an

order of defi nition of typical distortions of registration and reporting information according to prerequisites of drawing

up accounting reports. Examples of typical distortions of registration and reporting information are given.
Profile and contour grinding of compressor blade butts
Authors: Полетаев В. , Poletaev V. , Цветков Е. , Tsvetkov E.
Published: February 2016

The existing technologies of production of compressor blade butts related with traditional machining methods, including broaching and milling. Application of these machining methods requires further superfinishing operations to ensure the required quality of compressor blades. The automated highly-productive grinding of blade butts is an effective method to improve performance and quality of blade production. The technologies of profile and contour grinding of blades of a rotor and a compressor stator provide an automated machining of the outer parts contour in the same coordinate system, implement machining based on 3-D models of theoretical blade surfaces, ensure the required quality parameters of the part surface layer without additional finishing operations.
Technological support of production accuracy of nozzle blades of turbines at deep multi-axial grinding on NC machine
Authors: Туранский Р. , Turanskiy R. , Макаров В. , Makarov V. , Григорьева А. , Grigoreva A.
Published: February 2016

At assembly of a nozzle diaphragm the accuracy of ﬂow area depends on manufacturing accuracy of foundry surfaces of blades proﬁle and accuracy of reference mounting surfaces of each individual nozzle blade. The existing grinding technology of reference surfaces of blades did not consider an error of blades casting, which required longtime adjustment of blades for maintenance of ﬂow area. To solve this problem, the software for data preparation for blades grinding, which includes special software for the automated calculation of displacement values and rotation angles of nozzle and operating blades, is developed.
Environmental Audit: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Чхутиашвили  , Chkhutiashvili Lela
Published: February 2016

Th e article considers the problems of environmental auditing which in the author’s opinion represents an instrument of getting of precise information that is necessary for preparing and making of management decisions, proved ecologically and economically
An expanding forearm phlegmon and subsequent compartment syndrome
Authors: Agha RA , Geh J
Published: February 2016

We present the case of a young, fit woman who developed a forearm phlegmon with subsequent compartment syndrome. Further investigation found her to be suffering from endocarditis and she had had recent dental work. Presentation and management is discussed, with learning points highlighted.
Retrograde jejunogastric intussusception due to suture concretion
Authors: Fahy AS , Nickerson TP , Schiller HJ
Published: February 2016

We describe a patient who presented with acute small bowel obstruction five years after Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Computed tomography and operative exploration showed a retrograde intussusception at the gastrojejunostomy due to an intraluminal suture concretion. We describe the preoperative imaging, endoscopic and intraoperative findings, and review the literature.
Localized peritoneal carcinomatosis mimicking an irreducible left inguinal hernia
Authors: Buchs NC , Bloemendaal ALA , Guy RJ
Published: February 2016

Perforated colonic cancers are not rare and leave patients at risk of developing peritoneal carcinomatosis. We present a 68-year-old male patient with a perforated transverse colonic tumour who underwent emergency extended right hemicolectomy. He made an uneventful postoperative recovery, and received adjuvant chemotherapy. Unfortunately, a routine positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan 16 months later demonstrated an fluorodeoxyglucose-avid nodule in the left scrotum associated with an irreducible left inguinal hernia that contained sigmoid colon. At laparotomy, the discovery of isolated peritoneal recurrence in the hernia sac was unexpected, given the absence of local recurrence in the region of the original transverse colon cancer perforation. The etiology therefore remains uncertain, but one may speculate that cell implantation occurred within the hernia sac at the initial emergency laparotomy.
Copyright
Authors: Smart P
Published: February 2016

‘Talent is always conscious of its own abundance, and does not object to sharing.’

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle

When authors submit an article for publication, most publishers will ask for a signature from the author on a copyright form. The relationship between an author and the publisher is then a partnership but one that many authors are reluctant to enter into. After all, why should a publisher take copyright from an author of an article when the author had the idea and has done all the hard work for the content of the article? In response to this question, publishers will generally claim that copyright transfer agreements protect authors from copyright infringements such as plagiarism, libel and unauthorised uses as well as protecting the integrity of the article.

Copyright in the UK was originally concerned with preventing the unlawful copying of printed material in the 17th century in response to the then new technology of book printing. The first copyright act in the UK, the Statute of Anne in 1710, was subtitled ‘An Act for the Encouragement of Learning’, and granted privileges and monopolies to book printers. Since then, copyright law has evolved to incorporate many forms of communication, including photography, film, music, computers, engraving, designs on t-shirts and digital technology among other forms of media.

The most recent act in the UK is the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. While copyright covers an author’s right to copy, distribute and revise the work, it does not protect ideas – just their fixation or expression. The moment that an idea is fixed or expressed physically, copyright starts and does not have to be registered. In this article, Pippa Smart provides an overview of the legal framework that protects authors and publishers.

Jyoti Shah, Commissioning Editor
Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Trial
Authors: Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Toledo Estefania , Clish Clary B , Hruby Adela , Liang Liming , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Razquin Cristina , Corella Dolores , Estruch Ramón , Ros Emilio , Fitó Montserrat , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , Arós Fernando , Fiol Miquel , Lapetra José , Serra-Majem Lluis , Martínez-González Miguel A , Hu Frank B
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND

The role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that baseline BCAA concentrations predict future risk of CVD and that a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention may counteract this effect.

METHODS

We developed a case-cohort study within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED), with 226 incident CVD cases and 744 noncases. We used LC-MS/MS to measure plasma BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), both at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. The primary outcome was a composite of incident stroke, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular death.

RESULTS

After adjustment for potential confounders, baseline leucine and isoleucine concentrations were associated with higher CVD risk: the hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest vs lowest quartile were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.05–2.76) and 2.09 (1.27–3.44), respectively. Stronger associations were found for stroke. For both CVD and stroke, we found higher HRs across successive quartiles of BCAAs in the control group than in the MedDiet groups. With stroke as the outcome, a significant interaction (P = 0.009) between baseline BCAA score and intervention with MedDiet was observed. No significant effect of the intervention on 1-year changes in BCAAs or any association between 1-year changes in BCAAs and CVD were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher concentrations of baseline BCAAs were associated with increased risk of CVD, especially stroke, in a high cardiovascular risk population. A Mediterranean-style diet had a negligible effect on 1-year changes in BCAAs, but it may counteract the harmful effects of BCAAs on stroke.
When Adolescents with High Self-Concept Lose their Engagement in School // Cuando se pierde la motivación escolar de los adolescentes con mejor autoconcepto
Authors: Veiga Feliciano H. , García Fernando , Reeve Johnmarshall , Wentzel Kathryn , Garcia Oscar
Published: February 2016

Engagement in school and self-concept are two main constructs to explain the school adjustment. To understand how engagement might change during adolescence, we analyzed early and middle adolescents’ engagement in school (cognitive, affective, behavioural, and personal agency) as a function of their level of self-concept. Participants were 685 adolescents, 296 males (43.2%) and 389 females between 11-17 years old. Among early adolescents, students with high self-concept always reported more cognitive, affective, behavioural, and personal agency engagement than students with low self-concept. However, among middle adolescents, students with high self-concept reported only higher affective and behavioral engagement than students with low self-concept. High self-concept middle adolescents reported levels of cognitive and agentic engagement that were the same as their low self-concept peers, suggesting that these high self-concept middle adolescents had lost their earlier high levels of cognitive and agentic engagement.
On the consistency of Sherlock Holmes’ old maxim: A logical and neurocomputational approach
Authors: Mizraji Eduardo
Published: February 2016

Natural languages can express some logical propositions that humans are able to understand. We illustrate this fact with a famous text that Conan Doyle attributed to Holmes: “It is an old maxim of mine that when you have excluded the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth”. This is a subtle logical statement usually felt as an evident true. The problem we are trying to solve is the cognitive reason for such a feeling. We postulate here that we accept Holmes’ maxim as true because our adult brains are equipped with neural modules that perform naturally modal logical computations.
Consciousness and Theory of Mind: a Common Theory?
Authors: Sebastián Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2016

Many philosophers and scientists have argued that the difference between phenomenally conscious states and other kind of states lies in the implicit self-awareness that conscious states have. Higher-Order Representationalist (HOR) theories, attempt to explain such a self-awareness by means of a higher-order representation. Consciousness relies on our capacity to represent our own mental states, consciousness depends on our Theory of Mind. Such an ability can, at least conceptually, be decomposed into another two: mindreading and metacognition. In this paper I will argue that consciousness cannot depend on mindreading. The tenability of HOR theories depends, therefore, on the relation between mindreading and metacognition. I analyze several views on such a relation and argue that none of them seem to be a plausible option for HOR theories.
La erudita bufonería de La pícara Justina. Algunas notas
Authors: Arellano Ignacio
Published: February 2016

Se proponen explicaciones a varios pasajes y expresiones de La pícara Justina de Francisco López de Úbeda, hasta ahora no aclarados satisfactoriamente en las edicionesde la obra, que juegan burlescamente con referencias eruditas, en un ejemplo de intertextualidad característicamente bufonesca.
Aristóteles en el Banquillo: el prólogo al Libro del Nuevo Cometa de Jerónimo Muñoz
Authors: Schmelzer Felix K. E.
Published: February 2016

El prólogo-epístola al Libro del nuevo cometa (1573) de Jerónimo Muñoz es el primer rechazo decisivo del paradigma aristotélico en España. Este rechazo es sobre todo un procedimiento retórico: el astrónomo y hebraísta valenciano hace uso de elaborados recursos argumentativos y estilísticos que crean la imagen de un 'Aristóteles en el banquillo' que, finalmente, es declarado culpable de la ignorancia en temas de astronomia, argumentación a base de la cual Muñoz puede propagar su propia nueva cosmovisión. Un análisis de los pasajes decisivos de esta refutatio histórica no solo revela el papel central de la retórica en el discurso científico del Siglo de Oro español, sino también la importancia que tiene en el proceso de un cambio de paradigma de la visión científica del mundo.
Diplomacia e sociabilidade intelectual na viagem a Itália de D. Francisco Manuel de Melo
Authors: Pereira Paulo Silva
Published: February 2016

Este estudo parte de uma circunstância específica, a viagem de D. Francisco Manuel de Melo a Itália na década de 60 do século XVII, para abordar o cruzamento entre política, diplomacia, atividade cultural e convivialidade discreta, em especial durante o tempo da sua permanência na cidade de Roma. Permite ainda lançar um olhar sobre a configuração das redes de sociabilidade intelectual que se consolidavam, de modo transversal, por essa altura no espaço europeu e de que faziam parte também agentes culturais de origem portuguesa.
En torno a una traducción inglesa del Buscón. "The pleasant story of Paul of Segovia", 1683
Authors: Enrique Duarte J.
Published: February 2016

El presente artículo analiza una breve traducción del Buscón de Quevedo inserta en un libro titulado: The Famous History of Auristella, Originally Written by don Gonsalo de Cespedes. Together with the Pleasant Story of Paul of Segovia, by Don Francisco de Quevedo. Translated from Spanish y publicado en Londres en 1683. En el artículo se muestra que el autor, desconocido e identificado únicamente con las iniciales W.B., sigue los originales españoles publicados a partir de la edición de Zaragoza (1626). Es curioso que esta traducción del Buscón se aparte de la primera traducción inglesa de esta obra, realizada por John Davies en 1657 y que tiene como modelo la traducción francesa de 1633.
A study on structural and electronic properties of GaAs1-xNx and GaAs1-xBix alloys

Authors: Aslan Metin , Yalcin Battal Gazi
Published: February 2016

We have performed first principles method to investigate structural and electronic properties of GaAs1-xNx and GaAs1-xBix ternary semiconductor alloy using Density Functional Theory and pseudo potential method within the Generalized Gradient Approximations and Local Density Approximation. The Zinc-Blende phase is found stable for GaAsN and GaAsBi alloys. In this study we investigate the both bowing parameters changing with Bismuth concentration in GaAsBi and Nitrogen concentration in GaAsN alloys. By using the bowing parameter of GaAsBi and GaAsN alloys we obtained the bandgap energies for all x concentrations (0 < x < 1) and lattice constant of both alloys which are important for wide range device application. For studied materials, lattice parameters and band gap energies are compared with available theoretical and experimental works.
Change in students' perception of profession during nursing education in Turkey: A longitudinal study
Authors: Denat Yıldız , Gürol Arslan Gülşah , Şahbaz Muazzez
Published: February 2016

Background: Progress in the nursing is only possible with nursing students who graduate with sufficient information and comprehension about their professions. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate nursing students’ professional perceptions during 4-year undergraduate nursing program and to determine whether changes occur in this time frame Desing and Methods: This study was designed as a longitudinal cohort survey research. Data were collected over a four -year period. The study sample was constituted of 137 undergraduate nursing students attending two Schools of Health located in the western Turkey. In this study, data were collected using the Information Form which was prepared by the investigators and the Perception of Nursing Profession Scale (PNPS). Results: Students’ PNPS mean scores were identified as 85.24±11.66 for Time 1, 86.86±12.37 for Time 2, 86.43±13.39 for Time 3, 86.32±15.12 for Time 4 and 90.76±13.16 for Time 5. No statistically significant differences were found in perception of nursing profession mean scores during nursing education (p>0.05). Statistically meaningful differences were detected among students’ “Professional Qualities” sub scale mean scores (p0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that freshmen students perceived the nursing profession rather positively and that influence continued throughout their education. It was identified that initial positive perceptions of students progressively increased at the end of 2nd and 4th years. It was determined that students positively perceived the professional status of nursing and that the significant perceptions continued throughout their education.