bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Boronated Nucleosides Towards Antisense Therapeutics – A Computational Mechanistic Study
Authors: Tandarić Tana , Hok Lucija , Vianello Robert
Published: November 2019

We used a combination of MD simulations and DFT calculations to reveal the precise chemical mechanism underlying the conversion of boronated nucleosides to natural nucleosides in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which was recently experimentally demonstrated by Morihiro and Obika et al. (Chem. Sci. 2018, 9, 1112). Our results show that this process is initiated by the H2O2 deprotonation to a base concerted with the nucleophilic attack of the resulting OOH– anion onto the boron atom as the rate-limiting step of the overall transformation. This liberates a free base, followed by the 1,2-rearrangement to the C–OOH– adduct. Lastly, breaking of the O–O bond within the peroxide moiety cleaves the boron–carbon bond, giving boronic acid ester and the matching ketone as the final products. The obtained reaction profiles successfully interpret a much higher conversion rate of the thymine derivative over its guanine analogue, and rationalize why t-Bu-hydroperoxide is hindering the conversion, thus placing both aspects in firm agreement with experiments. The offered insight represents a promising tool for the future synthetic approaches of stimuli-responsive biomolecules, especially chemically caged prodrug-type nucleic acid therapeutics, bearing significant importance due to their application potential in diagnostics and therapy of various genetic disorders.
Problem-Solving or Narrative Approach to Mediation?
Authors: Urbanová Martina , Holas Jan , Tvrdikova Pavla
Published: November 2019

Mediation is a one of the well-known forms of alternative dispute resolution and is commonly used for solving conflicts in social work. Following introduction, where the mediation is put in social context, authors introduce readers to different approaches to mediation specifically to narrative mediation in comparison with mediation focused on solving problems. These approaches have different theoretical bases, mediation processes and aims and, therefore, their utilization is appropriate in distinct situations and areas of social work. In the conclusion these different approaches are compared to each other. While the narrative mediation is concerned with relationships and belongs to therapeutic style, the problem-solving approach to mediation falls into negotiating style and is concerned with reaching an agreement between parties of the conflict. If there is a need to solve the actual problem, the mediation focused on solving problems seems more fitting. If there is a need to understand and solve relationships between parties of the conflict, then the narrative mediation may be recommended.
Impulsiveness and venturesomeness among juvenile offenders
Authors: Kudlak Grzegorz
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to determine possible relationships between delinquency and the personality traits of the juvenile offenders. The research covered a level of impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy among offenders placed in a juvenile shelter in comparison to a control group with a clean criminal record. Results analysis show that personality of juvenile offenders in surveyed dimensions was substantially different from the personality of adolescents in the control group. In particular, the impulsiveness level of juvenile offenders was significantly higher, and the empathy level was significantly lower than of control group. There was no significant differences found in a venturesomeness level in this comparison. The presented research problem certainly requires further studies, particularly focusing on the significance of impulsiveness and empathy as a personality dimension in the genesis of juvenile delinquency, but also in the context of social rehabilitation.
Teaching Creative Writing in Special Collections
Authors: Fraser Alison
Published: November 2019

While enrollments are in a downward trend in humanities departments across the board and in English departments in particular, creative writing has emerged as an area of explosive growth: creative writing enrollments and majors are up, and undergraduate and graduate student demand is high. The impact of this shift on English departments from the traditional focus on literature to creative writing has significant ramifications for university professors and librarians. According to a recent report by the Association of Departments of English (ADE), “The structural visibility of creative writing suggests its considerable importance for the English major—and the growth potential of creative writing does not appear to be exhausted.” The ADE recommends “that departments give continued attention to building enrollments in creative writing and to its fruitful connections and contributions to students’ education in literary and writing studies.” Special collections librarians involved in integrated course instruction with English departments should take note of the ADE report and its recommendation that English departments across the country continue to direct their pedagogical resources to creative writing. What are we doing to serve this growing population of students and how are we adapting our outreach to reflect changing English department enrollments and instruction needs? With David Pavelich, I am in agreement that “For special collections to remain a vibrant and visible presence on university and college campuses, special collections librarians need to reach out to developing user groups” like creative writing students.
How Should Start-Up Biotechnology Companies Manage Learning and Generate the Necessary Knowledge to Achieve an Alliance-Based Stage of Growth
Authors: Lamb Christopher C
Published: November 2019

Ethical drugs can take hundreds of millions of dollars and over 10 years to bring to market. Start-up biotechnology companies are recognized for their unique exploration and then exploitation in the development of future drugs. However, these potential new drugs are highly unpredictable and require a broad scope of inquiry. Significant and complex knowledge along with openness to learning is required because of the unusually high risk and uncertainty of biotechnology. After initial start-up, biotechnology companies often form a strategic partnership with an established pharmaceutical company to get additional funding and incorporate needed later stage development knowledge.

To conclude an alliance, a company needs to develop learning processes that transition the organization to the next stage of growth. These processes advance the technology sufficiently to conclude a strategic deal. Effective learning enhances exploitation of knowledge needed to generate unique insights and understandings related to the development of a new drug.

This paper examines seven biotechnology companies and identifies key processes that should optimize “effective learning” to enhance the probability of creating the necessary new knowledge needed for a start-up to achieve an alliance stage of growth. Despite a majority of the companies successfully reaching the scaling-up stage of growth, some ultimately fail due to a lack of one or more the explored factors.
Helena Antipoff, o Teatro de Bonecos e a Sociedade Pestalozzi do Brasil
Authors: Mendonça Tânia Gomez
Published: November 2019

Este artigo almeja lançar luz sobre a relação entre a trajetória intelectual dapsicóloga russa Helena Antipoff, a formação da Sociedade Pestalozzi do Brasil e os primeiros cursos de teatro de bonecos do país, que tiveram início em 1946. Objetiva-se desenvolver a ideia de que tais cursos possuíam forte ligação com a psicologia da educação e os conceitos da moderna pedagogia vinculada à Escola Nova. Tais cursos tinham como propósito a “missão” de levar “teatrinhos de bonecos” a todas as regiões onde houvessem crianças que necessitassem de recreação para a sua “formação saudável”.Palavras-chave: Helena Antipoff. Sociedade Pestalozzi do Brasil. Escola Nova. Teatrode Bonecos. Psicologia educacional.
Teatro de bonecos: proposta lúdico-investigativa na articulação de temáticas sociocientíficas na escola
Authors: Reis Anna Cecília de Alencar , Dos Santos Emerson Izidoro , Piassi Luís Paulo de Carvalho
Published: November 2019

Neste artigo apresentamos uma proposta de intervenção a partir do teatro de bonecos em relação a leitura e a contação de histórias. Para tanto, elencamos obras direcionadas a divulgação do teatro de bonecos no ambiente escolar, datada entre as décadas de 40 a 80, para compreendermos como alguns conceitos para este campo foram estabelecidos e os discutimos diante da nossa prática. A peça Por que as aranhas fazem suas teias? foi desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto Banca da Ciência e apresentada para crianças da educação infantil em duas escolas do município de Guarulhos-SP. A peça proporcionou a discussão sobre ciências, questões sociais e o envolvimento com o teatro de bonecos. Palavras-chave: Teatro de bonecos. Educação infantil. Ciências.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF USE OF COMPLEX COAGULANTS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Kuzin Evgenii N. , Krutchinina Nataliya E.
Published: November 2019

In the course of the work, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the wastewater of the machine-building enterprises of the Moscow and Penza regions were investigated. It was found that in most cases the most difficult to remove contaminants are oil products entering the wastewater from metal processing operations, as well as heavy metal ions. Due to the lack of separation of stormwater, industrial and domestic sewage systems, the effluent under study had high concentrations of dissolved organic compounds (Biological Oxygen Demand BOD/chemical oxygen demand COD) and suspended solids. Laboratory tests of experimental samples of complex coagulant on waste water of real production were carried out. Normal aluminum sulfate and aluminum sulfate modified with hydrolysis products of titanium tetrachloride (complex coagulant) were used as reagents. It has been established that complex titanium-containing reagents are effective in the processes of coagulation sewage treatment of machine-building enterprises. The process of flocculation and sedimentation proceeded at a high rate due to flocculation reactions on the surface of titanium hydroxo-complexes, as well as nucleation phenomena on the surface of titanium hydroxide particles. The increased efficiency of samples modified by hydrolysis products of titanium coagulant compounds with respect to traditional aluminum sulfate has been proved. The consumption of complex coagulant compared with aluminum sulfate was about 1.25 - 1.5 times lower, while its efficiency is about 5 - 10% higher. The increased efficiency of complex coagulants with respect to the indicators of oil products, COD and color (organic pollutants) was noted, which is due to the developed adsorption surface of titanium hydroxide flakes in comparison with aluminum hydroxide.
INTERACTION OF HYDRIDE Σ-COMPLEX OF 5,7-DINITRO-8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE WITH SALTS OF AROMATIC DIAZO COMPOUNDS
Authors: Ustinov Il'ya I. , Khlytin Nikolay V. , Blokhin Igor' V. , Shakhkel'dyan Irina V. , Atroshchenko Yuriy M. , Shumsky Alexey N. , Kobrakov Konstantin I.
Published: November 2019

Interaction between 5,7-dinitro-8-hydroxyquinoline hydride anionic σ-adduct and chlorides of substituted aryldiazonium in water yielded 5-arylazo-7-nitro-8-hydroxyquinolines, the substitution products of the nitro group at the C-5 σ-adduct position. The direction of the reaction agrees with the quantum-chemical calculations carried out earlier and the GMLA principle, which assumes that the mild acid, which is a diazocathione, will attack the reaction center to which the softest base corresponds, that is, the least negatively charged C-5 carbon atom, in contrast to the C-7 atom. It is shown that the yield of the product increases with the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent in the diazocomponent. Also in this study, the synthesis of the hydride σ-adduct of 5,7-dinitro-8-hydroxyquinoline was optimized. It was found that the use of pure dimethylacetamide as a solvent, as well as the addition of sodium carbonate, increases the yield and purity of the synthesized σ-adduct. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved by the methods of NMR and IR spectroscopy. In the IR spectra of all synthesized azo compounds, weak absorption bands corresponding to the stretching vibrations of the azogroup (N = N) are fixed in the range of 1400-1465 cm-1, which also indirectly confirms the expected direction of the reaction. Otherwise, the bands of the azogroup vibrations would be shifted to the 1500-1600 cm-1 region as a result of azo-hydrazoic tautomerism. In 1H NMR spectra of synthesized compounds, there is no proton signal of intramolecular hydrogen bond at δ 14-15 ppm, characteristic of the hydrazine form. The proton signals of the arylazo group also confirm the presence of the latter. The use of anionic hydride σ-complexes of dinitroquinoline derivatives as azo-component in the reaction with aromatic diazo compound expands the synthetic possibilities of the azo coupling reaction and allows to obtaine new nitroazoquinolines.
INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOCOMPOSITES OF ULTRAHIGH-MOLECULAR POLYETHYLENE
Authors: Kulikovskaya Ksenia A. , Vodyakov Vladimir N. , Shabarin Alexander A.
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the physicomechanical and rheological characteristics of nanocomposites of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, grade GUR 4120 (Ticona) with nanocrystalline silica with a dispersity of 20 nm (0.05% - 0.2%), nano scale aluminum oxide of the mark “Nafen” 10 ... 20 nm (0.1%) and carbon nanotubes Tuballmatrixbeta (0.1%). It was established that the introduction of silicon dioxide in the optimal concentration of 0.1 ... 0.15% contributes to an increase in the tensile strength by 44%, and the final modulus of elasticity by 46%. The limit of forced elasticity and the initial modulus of elasticity are more influenced by carbon nanotubes (an increase of 23%). However, the results in this case are characterized by a significant scatter of values. Nanofibres of the Nafen brand provide growth of strength by 22%, final elastic modulus by 28.6%. The dependence of the complex viscosity of composites at a temperature of 180 °C on the angular velocity is described by the Ostwald de Ville power equation. The introduction of nanoscale modifiers leads to an increase in the consistency coefficient of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene by 3.9 ... 6.6 times, with the flow index increasing only by 1.02 ... 1.28 times. It is shown that the use of optimal (0.1 ... 0.15%) concentrations of nanocrystalline silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide nanofibers and carbon nanotubes combined with ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene by mechanochemical activation in a planetary ball mill, significantly improves physical and mechanical characteristics of the latter. In this case, a more effective modifier is nanocrystalline silicon dioxide. The significant effect of ultra-low concentrations of nanoscale modifiers is apparently due to the formation of a spatial network of physical bonds in the composite volume, which persists even at a temperature of 180 ° C, as evidenced by the results of rheological tests.
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND SOME THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: Ovchinnikov Vitaly V. , Kulakov Alexey A. , Grigor′eva Irina G. , Maltseva Svetlana A.
Published: November 2019

The heats of vaporization, combustion, formation, entropy and the heat capacities in different phases of different carbonic acids and their derivatives: acetates, esters with fatty radicals, two-, three- and four-basic acids (52 compounds) were analysed in the framework of one-parametric mathematic equations. The experimental data of all chosen one-, two-, three- and four-basic acids were analyzed. It was determined, that all thermodynamic functions of these types of compounds depend on the number of valence electrons N, from which the sum of lone electron pairs g as represented in the equations Δvap,c,fH° = i ±  f (N-g) and S°(Cp) = i ±  f (N-g) is excluded. The coefficients f in the first equations is in the range of 104-113 kJ mol-1 electron-1, that corresponds to the same values f in the equations, which are mentioned in our earlier papers on the determination of the heats of combustion of organic acids. As concerned of coefficient i in the received equations, necessary to note that situation is not synonymous as with the coefficient f. The magnitudes of this coefficient are different in the equations of vaporization, combustion, formation also as in the equations of entropy and the heat of capacity. On the base of literary experimental data we calculated the 29 new equations, which can be used for the calculation of the same thermodynamic functions for other new organic acids and especially bioorganic substances with the useful properties. Necessary to add, that the received equations can serve as additional material for the calculation of the bond energies of fatty acids and their derivatives in gas phase.
ANALYSIS OF FLUCTUATION PROCESSES IN SYSTEM OF CYSTEINE-OXYGENATED COBALT (II) COMPLEXES WITH o-DISALICYLIDENEPHENILENEDIAMINE AND CYTOSINE USING NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMIC METHOD
Authors: Etmisheva Sofia S. , Magomedbekov Ukhumaali G. , Gasangadzhieva Umukusum G.
Published: November 2019

The results of the analysis of chemical oscillations in a homogeneous system of cysteine - oxygenated cobalt (ΙΙ) complexes with o-disalicylidene phenylene diamine and cytosine based on the principles of nonlinear nonequilibrium thermodynamics are presented. The approach allows predicting the evolution of processes far from equilibrium, establishing criteria and driving forces for the developing of critical phenomena in the system. The thermodynamic description of highly nonequilibrium processes was performed on the basis of evaluation and analysis of the nature of the change in the second variation of entropy derivative δ2S, which is presented as the derivative of the Lyapunov thermodynamic function. In order to solve the problem, the mechanism was justified and a kinetic diagram of the processes occurring during the liquid-phase oxidation of cysteine in the presence of complex compounds of cobalt (II) with o-disalicylidenephenylenediamine, cytosine, and molecular oxygen was used. Based on the expressions of the variation in chemical affinity of the reaction mixture, referred to temperature, and the variation in thermodynamic flow, an expression for the derivative of the thermodynamic Lyapunov function was derived. The thermodynamic analysis of the liquid-phase oxidation of the biosubstrate under study in the presence of mixed ligand cobalt (II) complexes by the indicated ligands in the vibrational mode based on the nature of the change in the derivative of the Lyapunov function allows to establish the reasons of oscillation processes in the considered homogeneous catalytic system. The loss of stability during redox processes in the system under study and their transition to a fluctuation mode occurs as a result of the strong remoteness of the processes under consideration from chemical equilibrium and, associated with this, the nonlinearity of the system, the presence of autocatalytic stages, as well as positive feedbacks was found.
STUDY ON ELECTROKINETIC PARAMETERS OF COMPOSITE COAGULANTS-FLOCCULANTS
Authors: Sun Lei , Nevsky Aleksandr V. , Zhao Hui , Zhong Heng , Xia Dongsheng
Published: November 2019

In this work the electrokinetic parameters of composite coagulants-flocculants based on combination of polyaluminum chloride (aluminum oxychloride) and organic polymers were studied systematically. The experimental results, obtained by the streaming current and electrophoresis methods, witness that the combination of polyaluminum chloride and cationic organic polymer can effectively enhance the charge neutrality capacity. The results obtained directly indicate that after the combination of polyaluminum chloride and cationic organic polymer, the positive charge of suspended particles obviously enhances, and the ability of double electrical layer on solid surface with negative charge improves. The most important factor is that the charge neutrality capacity of composite coagulant is stronger, thus, in comparison with polyaluminum chloride efficiency, the efficiency of composite reagent is higher. Moreover, due to the existence of long molecular chain, adding cationic organic polymer into polyaluminum chloride can enhance the bridging coagulation between its particulate matters. The experimental results indicate that if to combine polyaluminum chloride with natural cationic organic polymer - chitin and industrial cationic organic polymer product C109P, its electric charge can be largely enhanced This fact undoubtedly deserves attention when developing compositions of coagulants-flocculants to improve their ability to charge neutrality in the processes of coagulation and agglomeration of suspended particles. When executing experiment on the use of anionic organic polymers, the regulation of the coagulation-flocculation theory that the main function of an anionic organic polymer in a composite reagent is the function of a bridge between solid particles was taken as a basis. At the same time, an effective influence on this property of the system can hardly lead to a decrease in the ability to neutralize the charge of polyaluminium chloride. Experimental data relating to the study of the composition reagent containing polyaluminium chloride and industrial anionic organic polymer products AH200P and AN910SH, confirm the fact that this combination does not reduce the ability to neutralize the charge.
Oscillatory criteria for second order differential equations with several sublinear neutral terms
Authors: Baculikova Blanka
Published: November 2019

In this paper, sufficient conditions for oscillation of the second order differential equations with several sublinear neutral terms are established. The results obtained generalize and extend those reported in the literature. Several examples are included to illustrate the importance and novelty of the presented results.
Deformation of semicircular and circular laws via p-adic number fields and sampling of primes
Authors: Cho Ilwoo , Jorgensen Palle E. T.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study semicircular elements and circular elements in a certain Banach \(*\)-probability space \((\mathfrak{LS},\tau ^{0})\) induced by analysis on the \(p\)-adic number fields \(\mathbb{Q}_{p}\) over primes \(p\). In particular, by truncating the set \(\mathcal{P}\) of all primes for given suitable real numbers \(t\lt s\) in \(\mathbb{R}\), two different types of truncated linear functionals \(\tau_{t_{1}\lt t_{2}}\), and \(\tau_{t_{1}\lt t_{2}}^{+}\) are constructed on the Banach \(*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak{LS}\). We show how original free distributional data (with respect to \(\tau ^{0}\)) are distorted by the truncations on \(\mathcal{P}\) (with respect to \(\tau_{t\lt s}\), and \(\tau_{t\lt s}^{+}\)). As application, distorted free distributions of the semicircular law, and those of the circular law are characterized up to truncation.
Crystal structure of dopamine receptor D4 bound to the subtype selective ligand, L745870
Authors: Zhou Ye , Cao Can , He Lingli , Wang Xianping , Zhang Xuejun Cai
Published: November 2019

Multiple subtypes of dopamine receptors within the GPCR superfamily regulate neurological processes through various downstream signaling pathways. A crucial question about the dopamine receptor family is what structural features determine the subtype-selectivity of potential drugs. Here, we report the 3.5-angstrom crystal structure of mouse dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) complexed with a subtype-selective antagonist, L745870. Our structure reveals a secondary binding pocket extended from the orthosteric ligand-binding pocket to a DRD4-specific crevice located between transmembrane helices 2 and 3. Additional mutagenesis studies suggest that the antagonist L745870 prevents DRD4 activation by blocking the relative movement between transmembrane helices 2 and 3. These results expand our knowledge of the molecular basis for the physiological functions of DRD4 and assist new drug design.
A Team Approach: Library Publishing Partnerships with Scholarly Societies
Authors: Stapleton Suzanne Cady
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION The journal publishing service at the University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries is structured to use a team-based approach that integrates subject specialists across the library. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Since 2012, the UF Libraries have worked in partnership with a number of scholarly societies to publish their research. The focus, to date, of academic library publishing on institutional publications belies potential partnerships with scholarly societies and organizations external to the library’s institution. Services provided, challenges faced, and examples of successful publishing partnerships with UF Libraries are described. The team approach enables the library to be innovative and nimble in response to publishing opportunities. Scholarly societies most interested in entering publishing contracts with the Libraries publishing program are those that share aspects of the library mission such as accessibility and innovation. NEXT STEPS Academic library publishing offers unique partnership opportunities for scholarly societies and external organizations that are mutually beneficial and that complement library publishing of institutional material.
TLR4 polymorphisms may increase susceptibility to periodontitis in Pg-positive individuals
Authors: Li Wenjing , Cao Xiaojing , He Lu , Meng Huanxin , Yang Bingtao , Liao Yanting
Published: November 2019

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene and the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis.

Design

241 Chinese subjects from the cohort of Beijing Shijingshan Community were recruited. Buccal swab samples, the whole unstimulated saliva and periodontal clinical parameters were collected. Human DNA extracted from buccal swab samples were used for genotyping eight SNPs of the TLR4 gene (rs11536889,rs1927906,rs1927911,rs2149356,rs4986790,rs4986791,rs2737190,rs787384) by the Sequenom MassARRAY system.Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) was detected from the deposition of the whole unstimulated saliva through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on 16S rRNA. The correlation between SNPs of TLR4 and chronic periodontitis susceptibility in the whole subjects and the patients detected withP. gingivaliswas investigated.

Results

The variants ofrs4986790andrs4986791were not found in 241 Chinese subjects. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the distribution of theother6 SNPs of TLR4 between groups of none/mild -periodontitis and moderate/severe-periodontitis subjects. When combined withP. gingivalisinfection,rs1927911(TT/CC+CT),rs2149356(TT/GG+GT) andrs2737190(GG/AA+AG) were independent risk factors of chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion

Three SNPs of TLR4, i.e.,rs1927911(TT/CC+CT),rs2149356(TT/GG+GT) andrs2737190(GG/AA+AG), were associated with moderate/severe chronic periodontitis in Chinese population infected withP. gingivalis.P. gingivalis, which interacted with TLR4 gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Rehabilitation time has greater influences on soil mechanical composition and erodibility than does rehabilitation land type in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Qiao Leilei , Chen Wenjing , Wu Yang , Liu Hongfei , Zhang Jiaoyang , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha
Published: November 2019

Background

The major landscape in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau is greatly affected by vegetation rehabilitation on abandoned cropland. Although many studies have shown that the rehabilitation have greatly improved soil conditions and protected them from erosion, these effectiveness were not always in consensus possibly due to the land type of vegetation or to the rehabilitation time. To close this gap, we conducted a long term experiment as follows.

Methods

In this study, we analysed four land types of vegetation rehabilitation (shrub land, woodland, naturally revegetated grassland, and orchard land) with different rehabilitation times and investigated the mechanical composition and erodibility of the soil. Areas of slope croplandand natural forest were selected as controls.

Results

The results showed that soil depth, rehabilitation time and rehabilitation land type had strong impacts on soil mechanical composition, micro-aggregation and erodibility. Following rehabilitation, naturally revegetated grassland and shrub land had lower fractal dimensions of particle size distribution (fractal dimensions of PSD), fractal dimensions of micro-aggregation, and erodibility (K factor) than did cropland. Compared to the positive effects of rehabilitation mainly happened in the topsoil layer at other rehabilitation land type, that of woodland happened in the deeper soil layer. Besides, the indispensable rehabilitation time for the significant improvement of soil condition was shorter at naturally revegetated grassland than that at shrub land and woodland.

Discussion

Although rehabilitation time was more influential than was rehabilitation land type or soil depth, the differences among the rehabilitation land types showed that naturally revegetated grassland with native plants is the most time-saving rehabilitation vegetation for the Loess Plateau in the conversion from slope cropland. The success of rehabilitation in this forestry practice was mainly contributed by the suited species of rehabilitation land type to the local climate and soil. Based on the differences of rehabilitation effectiveness resulting from land type, we should be cautious to choose land types for the rehabilitation of soil conditions in the Loess Plateau.
Better Understanding of Direct Bone-Conduction Measurement: Comparison with Frequency-Specific Bone-Conduction Tones and Brainstem Responses
Authors: Kim Yeoju , Han Woojae , Park Sihun , You Sunghwa , Kwak Chanbeom , Seo Youngjoon , Lee Jihyeon
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to compare thresholds of direct bone-conduction (BC direct) with those of behaviorally measured BC pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and objectively measured BC auditory brainstem response (ABR) to confirm the clinical feasibility of their relationships.Subjects and Methods: Young adults with normal hearing participated in the study to determine the thresholds from three measurements at four testing frequencies. In the BC direct, the vibrator of a bone-anchored hearing aid softband was placed on the right mastoid of each subject. In both PTA and ABR, a B71 bone oscillator was placed on the subject’s right mastoid. While the subject’s thresholds of BC direct and BC PTA were determined with a clinically routine 5-dB step procedure, BC ABR was conducted to determine the individual’s hearing sensitivity by a peak V of the waveform using tone-burst and click stimuli.Results: The BC direct showed a different pattern between low and high frequencies. Precisely, its thresholds were 13.25 and 12.25 dB HL at 0.5 and 1 kHz, respectively, but 19 and 19.75 dB HL at 2 and 4 kHz, respectively. A significant positive correlation existed between BC direct and PTA at 1 kHz, which was also correlated with ABR.Conclusions: Based on the current data, the thresholds of BC direct were similar to BC PTA at low frequencies and BC ABR at high frequencies. The thresholds of BC direct might be predictable at approximately 5 dB higher (or lower) than that in PTA, although a large data set is required for standardization.
PARANOIA DAS MASSAS DA ERA DIGITAL - OS SOFTIDIOTS E A BIGBROTHERIZAÇÃO
Authors: Quinet Antonio
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho é um ensaio sobre a estrutura do estado paranoico na era digital a partir dos conceitos de sociedade escópica (Quinet), objeto (a) olhar (Lacan), e psicologia das massas (Freud). A pulsão escópica, com o gozo de ver-ser-visto, dá a base ao modelo do panóptico de Bentham da sociedade disciplinar de vigilância monitorizada como desenvolveu Michel Foucault. Esse modelo foi levado a seu zênite na era digital. Estudamos sua utilização na política com a estratégia da “bigbrotherização” que tem por objetivo a manipulação dessubjetivante dos indivíduos e a formação de “softidiots”. Eis a tendência que encontramos particularmente na atual conjuntura de muitos países incluindo, de forma diferente, o Brasil e a China.
ATOS INAUGURAIS E POLÍTICA NA AMÉRICA LATINA ATUAL
Authors: Lifschitz Javier
Published: November 2019

Com base em autores da denominada esquerda lacaniana, propomos um diálogo a partir do conceito psicanalítico de ato inaugural em termos de perspectiva sobre a política. Para abordar essa questão tomamos como referência o último período de governos progressistas, na Argentina e no Brasil, e discutimos alguns atos que consideramos inaugurais – como as manifestações de 2013, as ocupações de escolas e o #elenão  - na constituição de novos sujeitos políticos. Problematizamos essa temática no contexto latino-americano, principalmente no que diz respeito à possibilidade de existirem atos inaugurais pelo Estado e sobre os efeitos de clausura a partir do golpe parlamentar de 2016 e após as últimas eleições no Brasil.
ESSE FILME NÃO É UM FILME
Authors: Azevedo Pacheco Ricardo
Published: November 2019

O título do texto foi o de uma mesa do Encontro: “Políticas da Psicanálise: quando os psicanalistas se encontram, o que acontece?” (Campinas, SP, Junho 2019). Ele é efeito das discussões entre os participante da mesa que tomaram o documentário “No intenso agora” ( João Moreira Sales  - 2017) como dispositivo de trabalho. Trata-se de um documentário político que justapõe imagens de arquivo de uma série de acontecimentos diferentes da década de 1960: a China de 1966 sob o regime de Mao, visitada e filmada pela mãe do diretor na época com a revolta estudantil em Paris e a Primavera de Praga. O autor tece considerações sobre a lógica e a política em jogo quando psicanalistas se encontram, ou seja, sua associação com alguns outros.
Functional Adaptation of the Fibrocartilage and Bony Trabeculae at the Attachment Sites of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Otsubo Hidenori , Adachi Taiji , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Nagoya Satoshi , Yamashita Toshihiko , Shino Konsei
Published: November 2019

The direct insertion of an enthesis is composed of uncalcified fibrocartilage (FC) and calcified FC, believed to function as buffers for multidirectional forces applied to the ligament. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the FC thickness and bony trabecular orientation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on both the femoral and tibial sides. Six cadavers were examined (age at death: 73–92 years). Both femoral and tibial insertions of the ACL were harvested and used to make 0.5 mm interval semi‐serial sections. Microdigital images were taken and used to measure the maximum thickness of both the uncalcified FC and Calcified FC. Two‐dimensional discrete Fourier analysis was also performed to determine the orientation angle and orientation intensity of bony trabeculae directly under the FC. The mean thicknesses of the uncalcified FC at the femoral and tibial insertions were 0.98 mm and 0.49 mm, respectively. The mean thicknesses of the calcified FC were 0.47 mm and 0.38 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the uncalcified FC thickness, but not in the calcified FC thickness. The bony trabeculae showed a prominent orientation parallel to the ACL fiber on both sides, but it was more intense on the tibial side than on the femoral side. The trabecular orientation was prominent in the proximal‐posterior part of the femoral side and in the anteromedial part of the tibial side, suggesting that mechanical stress is greater in these parts. The dominant bony trabecular angle was 69.0° on the femoral side and 59.8° on the tibial side when the tidemark was set at 0°. These findings suggest that the femoral side receives multidirectional stresses, while relatively unidirectional stress is loaded on the tibial side. Furthermore, stress is considered to be greater in the proximal‐posterior part of the femoral insertion and in the anteromedial part of the tibial insertion. At the time of ACL reconstruction, attention should be paid to assign a robust portion of the graft to the posterior part of the femoral insertion and anteromedial part of the tibial insertion. Clin. Anat., 33:988–996, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thrombocytopenia: A possible side effect of apixaban
Authors: Sadaka Farid
Published: November 2019

Apixaban is becoming more frequently prescribed for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, and even rare side effects such as thrombocytopenia should be considered and monitored closely.
Preparation and evaluation of a triazole‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin)–bonded chiral stationary phase for HPLC
Authors: Shuang Yazhou , Liao Yuqin , Wang Hui , Wang Yuanxing , Li Laisheng
Published: November 2019

A triazole‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin) was synthesized via a high‐yield Click Chemistry reaction between 6‐azido‐β‐cyclodextrin and 6‐propynylamino‐β‐cyclodextrin, and then it was bonded onto ordered silica gel SBA‐15 to obtain a novel triazole‐bridged bis(β‐cyclodextrin)–bonded chiral stationary phase (TBCDP). The structures of the bridged cyclodextrin and TBCDP were characterized by the infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chiral performance of TBCDP was evaluated by using chiral pesticides and drugs as probes including triazoles, flavanones, dansyl amino acids and β‐blockers. Some effects of the composition in mobile phase and pH value on the enantioseparations were investigated in different modes. The nine triazoles, eight flavanones, and eight dansyl amino acids were successfully resolved on TBCDP under the reversed phase with the resolutions of hexaconazole, 2′‐hydroxyflavanone, and dansyl‐DL‐tyrosine, which were 2.49, 5.40, and 3.25 within 30 minutes, respectively. The ten β‐blockers were also separated under the polar organic mode with the resolution of arotinolol reached 1.71. Some related separation mechanisms were discussed preliminary. Compared with the native cyclodextrin stationary phase (CDSP), TBCDP has higher enantioselectivity to separate more analytes, which benefited from the synergistic inclusion ability of the two adjacent cavities and bridging linker of TBCDP, thereby enabling it a promising prospect in chiral drugs and food analysis.
On the organization of receptive fields of retinal spot detectors projecting to the fish tectum: Analogies with the local edge detectors in frogs and mammals
Authors: Maximova Elena M. , Aliper Alexey T. , Damjanović Ilija , Zaichikova Alisa A. , Maximov Paul V.
Published: November 2019

Responses of ON‐ and OFF‐ganglion cells (GCs) were recorded extracellularly from their axon terminals in the medial sublamina of tectal retino‐recipient layer of immobilized cyprinid fish (goldfish and carp). These units were recorded deeper than direction selective (DS) ones and at the same depth where responses of orientation selective (OS) GCs were recorded. Prominent responses of these units are evoked by small contrast spots flickering within or moving across their visual field. They are not selective either to the direction of motion or to the orientation of stimuli and are not characterized by any spontaneous spike activity. We refer to these fish GCs as spot detectors (SDs) by analogy with the frog SD. Receptive fields (RFs) of SDs are organized concentrically: the excitatory center (about 4.5°) is surrounded by opponent periphery. Study of interactions in the RF has shown that inhibitory influences are generated already inside the central RF area. This fact suggests that RFs of SDs cannot be defined as homogeneous sensory zone driven by a linear mechanism of response generation. Physiological properties of fish SDs are compared with the properties of frog SDs and analogous mammalian retinal GCs—local edge detectors (LEDs). The potential role of the SDs in visually guided fish behavior is discussed.
Examining sociopolitical elements of health system reform: The experience of Singapore and Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Jui , Serrano Ray
Published: November 2019

This essay suggests five sociopolitical dimensions that influence the success of health system reforms. It examines the experience of two high‐income Asian countries, Singapore and Taiwan, and illustrates how these five dimensions matter. These five sociopolitical dimensions are public trust, perceived government performance, political legitimacy, equity/solidarity, and demand for choice. Public trust in government, perceived government performance, and the legitimacy of political authorities were necessary for governments in both countries to enact key reforms. Public perceptions of government capacity combined with public conceptions of equity were deliberated and clarified as stakeholders sought to reach consensus based on values upheld by segments of each society. Nevertheless, these elements alone are not enough to sustain major institutional reforms in light of ongoing social, political, and demographic changes. This essay provides a different approach to traditional policy cycle models and seeks to emphasize stewardship and governance in health systems.
Association of anthropogenic aerosols with subtropical drought in East Asia
Authors: Liu Yuzhi , Shao Tianbin , Hua Shan , Zhu Qingzhe , Luo Run
Published: November 2019

Anthropogenic aerosols play an important role in altering the radiation budget and Earth's climate. In this study, the association of anthropogenic aerosols with subtropical drought in East Asia is investigated with multisource data and simulations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The result shows that the increase in anthropogenic aerosols partially contributes to the zonal drought at subtropical latitudes in East Asia from 1970. In East Asia, sulphate is the dominant type of anthropogenic aerosol and is mainly distributed over the southeastern China. Due to the sulphate aerosols, the geopotential height decreases/increases significantly at the upper‐/lower‐level atmosphere in the subtropical region, with a maximum variation at approximately 30°N. Consequently, the downward motion of air is intensified in the subtropical region. Ultimately, the precipitation amount in the vicinity of the subtropical region is significantly diminished, with a maximum decrease at approximately 30°N. In contrast, the sulphate aerosols could induce more precipitation over the tropical region. In conclusion, the anthropogenic aerosols have an important impact on precipitation in East Asia. In the future, with the intensification of human activities, the contribution of anthropogenic aerosols to aridification is an inevitable question.
Regionalization of evapotranspiration using fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Part 1: Formation of regions in India
Authors: Masanta Swapan K. , Vemavarapu Srinivas V.
Published: November 2019

Delineation of homogeneous reference evapotranspiration (ET0) regions is essential for different applications in hydro‐meteorology. In conventional regionalization approaches, lumped (time‐invariant) statistics such as mean, median or interquartile range of different hydrometeorological variables are often considered as attributes to delineate regions. Information on temporal dynamics of those variables is not utilized (as it is lost in lumped statistics), which if accounted could yield better regions. To address this, a new regionalization approach is presented in fuzzy framework in this Part 1 of a two‐part series. In the proposed approach, information on temporal dynamics of predictor climate variables influencing ET0 is used for regionalization, and the delineated regions are subsequently validated for homogeneity using the predictand (ET0) related information. Effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through a case study on India, which yielded 18 regions. They are shown to be statistically more homogeneous in ET0 when compared to the existing agro‐ecological zones and regions formed using global fuzzy c‐means clustering method. The homogeneous ET0 regions were found to be different from homogeneous actual evapotranspiration (ETa) regions delineated over India using the fuzzy dynamic clustering approach. Various applications of the homogeneous ET0 regions formed using the proposed approach are presented in Part 2 of this series.
Floating autostereoscopic display with in situ interaction
Authors: Huang Tianqi , Zhang Xinran , Liao Hongen
Published: November 2019

Floating three‐dimensional (3D) display implements direct interaction between human hands and virtual 3D images, which offers natural and effective augmented reality interaction. In this study, we propose a novel floating autostereoscopic display, combining head tracking lenticular display with an image projection system, to offer the observers with an accurate 3D image floating in midair without any optical elements between observers and the virtual 3D image. Combined with a gesture recognition device, the proposed system can achieve in situ augmented reality interaction with the floating 3D image. A distortion correction method is developed to achieve 3D display with accurate spatial information. Moreover, a coordinate calibration method is designed to improve the accuracy in the in situ interaction. Experiments were performed to prove the feasibility of the proposed system, and the good results show the potential of human‐computer interaction in medicine and life sciences.
Goat Milk Consumption Ameliorates Abnormalities in Glucose Metabolism and Enhances Hepatic and Skeletal Muscle AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Rats Fed with High‐Fat Diets
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Han , Zhou Yalin , Li Yong , Qin Yong , Li Ruijun , Chen Yuhan , Yu Lanlan , Zhao Mengya , Zhang Wei , Xu Yajun
Published: November 2019

Scope

Diabetes endangers health and causes serious economic impediment. The aim of this study is to identify the effects of goat milk consumption on glucose metabolism of rats with high‐fat (HF) diet.

Methods and results

Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats are divided into five groups and fed with different diets for 24 weeks: goat‐milk‐based HF diet (GHF group; goat milk powder+HF diet), cow‐milk‐based HF diet (CHF group; cow milk powder+HF diet), HF diet, HF diet plus acarbose (HF+A group; acarbose+HF diet), and chow diet (CD group). Fasting glucose in GHF‐fed rats are lower than HF‐fed rats on weeks 16 and 20. GHF‐fed rats display improved insulin sensitivity in oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Compared with HF‐fed rats, glycated hemoglobin and triglycerides in GHF‐fed rats are lower and high‐density lipoprotein level is higher. AMP‐activated protein kinase activation (AMPK) in the liver and skeletal muscle is higher in GHF rats than HF rats. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6‐phosphatase protein levels in the liver are lower and hexokinase 2 protein level in the skeletal muscle is higher in GHF rats compared with HF rats.

Conclusion

Goat milk consumption can ameliorate abnormalities in glucose metabolism, and AMPK pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle plays an important role in the process.