bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of individual lifestyle and status on the acquisition of COVID-19: A case—Control study
Authors: Gao Chang , Zhao Zhi , Li Fengyuan , Liu Jia-lin , Xu Hongyang , Zeng Yuanying , Yang Ling , Chen Jiahao , Lu Xiaoting , Wang Can , Guo Qiang
Published: November 2020

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to the world. Whether there is an association between lifestyle behaviors and the acquisition of COVID-19 remains unclear.

Methods

In this case-control study, we recruited 105 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection as a case group from the Wuhan Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China). For each case two control subjects were recruited. Participants were randomly selected from communities in Wuhan and matched for sex, age (± 2yrs), and pre-existing comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes).

Results

A total of 105 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 210 controls were included. Compared with control group, the case group had higher proportions of lack of sleep (30.5% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.001) and increased physical activities (56.2% vs. 32.9%, P < 0.001). And patients in the case group were more likely to have alopecia (28.6% vs. 10.0%, P < 0.001) than people from the control group. Overall, we found that lack of sleep [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–2.39)], physical activities (≥ 5 times a week) (adjusted OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.39–3.02) and alopecia (adjusted OR 1.73, 95%CI 1.13–2.66) were independent risk factors for COVID-19 infection. Conversely, low-dose alcohol intake (<100g alcohol per week), hand hygiene, and fruits intake (daily) were significantly associated with a decrease in morbidity.

Conclusions

Individual lifestyle behaviors and health status can affect the occurrence of COVID-19.
Complete genome sequence and analysis of Alcaligenes faecalis strain Mc250, a new potential plant bioinoculant
Authors: Felestrino Érica Barbosa , Sanchez Angélica Bianchini , Caneschi Washington Luiz , Lemes Camila Gracyelle de Carvalho , Assis Renata de Almeida Barbosa , Cordeiro Isabella Ferreira , Fonseca Natasha Peixoto , Villa Morghana Marina , Vieira Izadora Tabuso , Kamino Luciana Hiromi Yoshino , do Carmo Flávio Fonseca , da Silva Aline Maria , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Patané José Salvatore Leister , Ferreira Fernanda Carla , de Freitas Leandro Grassi , Varani Alessandro de Mello , Ferro Jesus Aparecido , Silva Robson Soares , Almeida Nalvo Franco , Garcia Camila Carrião Machado , Setubal João Carlos , Moreira Leandro Marcio
Published: November 2020

Here we present and analyze the complete genome ofAlcaligenes faecalisstrain Mc250 (Mc250), a bacterium isolated from the roots ofMimosa calodendron, an endemic plant growing in ferruginous rupestrian grasslands in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The genome has 4,159,911 bp and 3,719 predicted protein-coding genes, in a single chromosome. Comparison of the Mc250 genome with 36 otherAlcaligenes faecalisgenomes revealed that there is considerable gene content variation among these strains, with the core genome representing only 39% of the protein-coding gene repertoire of Mc250. Mc250 encodes a complete denitrification pathway, a network of pathways associated with phenolic compounds degradation, and genes associated with HCN and siderophores synthesis; we also found a repertoire of genes associated with metal internalization and metabolism, sulfate/sulfonate and cysteine metabolism, oxidative stress and DNA repair. These findings reveal the genomic basis for the adaptation of this bacterium to the harsh environmental conditions from where it was isolated. Gene clusters associated with ectoine, terpene, resorcinol, and emulsan biosynthesis that can confer some competitive advantage were also found. Experimental results showed that Mc250 was able to reduce (~60%) the virulence phenotype of the plant pathogenXanthomonas citrisubsp.citriwhen co-inoculated inCitrus sinensis, and was able to eradicate 98% of juveniles and stabilize the hatching rate of eggs to 4% in two species of agricultural nematodes. These results reveal biotechnological potential for the Mc250 strain and warrant its further investigation as a biocontrol and plant growth-promoting bacterium.
Effects of topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution and 1% ropivacaine hydrochloride on corneal sensitivity in rats
Authors: Lelescu Cristina A. , Urdă-Cîmpean Andrada E. , Dumitraș Daria A. , Taulescu Marian , Mureșan Cosmin
Published: November 2020

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the degree and duration of corneal anesthesia following topical application of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution and 1% ropivacaine hydrochloride treatment in healthy rats. A randomized, blinded, crossover study was conducted on 20 healthy adult Wistar rats, following complete physical and ophthalmological examination. Baseline corneal touch threshold (CTT) was determined in the central corneal area of both eyes with a Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer, in mm filament length. Oxybuprocaine was randomly applied to one eye and 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution was instilled into the contralateral eye. Subsequent CTT measurements were performed in both eyes 5 minutes after topical application and at 5-minute intervals thereafter for 75-minutes in the anesthetized eye. Following a 2-week washout period, this protocol was repeated with ropivacaine. Quantitative data were summarized as mean ± standard deviation, median and inter-quartile range (Q1–Q3). Repeated measures data were analyzed over time and between treatments using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni adjustment (p< 0.05). Baseline CTT values were 60 mm in all eyes. With oxybuprocaine, CTT values decreased significantly for 65 minutes (0–55 mm;p= 0.002) when compared with baseline; the maximal anesthetic effect (no blink response at 5 mm filament length) was maintained for up to 15 minutes (p< 0.0001). With ropivacaine, CTT values were significantly lower than baseline for 30 minutes (0–55 mm;p= 0.002), with a maximal anesthetic effect recorded at 5 minutes in 18 eyes (p< 0.0001). Oxybuprocaine induced a significantly lower CTT than ropivacaine (p= 0.002) from 10 to 65 minutes following topical application. Both anesthetic agents induced significant corneal anesthesia; however, oxybuprocaine provided a greater and longer anesthetic effect, making it more suitable for potentially painful ophthalmologic procedures.
Immunological detection of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid for the detection of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Florentini Edgar A. , Angulo Noelia , Gilman Robert H. , Alcántara Roberto , Roncal Elisa , Antiparra Ricardo , Toscano Emily , Vallejos Katherine , Kirwan Danni , Zimic Mirko , Sheen Patricia
Published: November 2020

Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing inMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is a current area of development and PZA-resistant strains are increasingly prevalent. Previous studies have demonstrated that the detection of pyrazinoic acid (POA), the metabolite produced by the deamidation of PZA, is a good predictor for PZA resistance since a resistant strain would not convert PZA into POA at a critical required rate, whereas a susceptible strain will do, expelling POA to the extracellular environment at a certain rate, and allowing for quantification of this accumulated analyte. In order to quantify POA, an indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) test using hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit serum against POA was developed: for this purpose, pure POA was first covalently linked to the highly immunogenic Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanine, and inoculated in rabbits. A construct made of bovine serum albumin (BSA) linked to pure POA and fixed at the bottom of wells was used as a competitor against spiked samples and liquid Mtb culture supernatants. When spiked samples (commercial POA alone) were analyzed, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.16 mg/mL, the limit of detection 200 μg/mL and the assay was specific (it did not detect PZA, IC50 > 20 mg/mL). However, culture supernatants (7H9-OADC-PANTA medium) disrupted the competition and a proper icELISA curve was not obtainable. We consider that, although we have shown that it is feasible to induce antibodies against POA, matrix effects could damage its analytical usefulness; multiple, upcoming ways to solve this obstacle are suggested.
Single-cell analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylome in human oocyte maturation
Authors: Yu Bo , Doni Jayavelu Naresh , Battle Stephanie L. , Mar Jessica C. , Schimmel Timothy , Cohen Jacques , Hawkins R. David
Published: November 2020

Oocyte maturation is a coordinated process that is tightly linked to reproductive potential. A better understanding of gene regulation during human oocyte maturation will not only answer an important question in biology, but also facilitate the development of in vitro maturation technology as a fertility treatment. We generated single-cell transcriptome and used our previously published single-cell methylome data from human oocytes at different maturation stages to investigate how genes are regulated during oocyte maturation, focusing on the potential regulatory role of non-CpG methylation. DNMT3B, a gene encoding a key non-CpG methylation enzyme, is one of the 1,077 genes upregulated in mature oocytes, which may be at least partially responsible for the increased non-CpG methylation as oocytes mature. Non-CpG differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between mature and immature oocytes have multiple binding motifs for transcription factors, some of which bind with DNMT3B and may be important regulators of oocyte maturation through non-CpG methylation. Over 98% of non-CpG DMRs locate in transposable elements, and these DMRs are correlated with expression changes of the nearby genes. Taken together, this data indicates that global non-CpG hypermethylation during oocyte maturation may play an active role in gene expression regulation, potentially through the interaction with transcription factors.
Using mobile phone data helps estimate community-level food insecurity: Findings from a multi-year panel study in Nepal
Authors: Liang Lichen , Shrestha Robin , Ghosh Shibani , Webb Patrick
Published: November 2020

Household food insecurity remains a major policy challenge in low-income countries. Identifying accurate measures that are relatively easy to collect has long been an important priority for governments seeking to better understand and fund solutions for communities in remote settings. Conventional approaches based on surveys can be time-consuming and costly, while data derived from satellite imagery represent proxies focused on biological processes (such as rainfall and crop growth) lack granularity in terms of human behaviors. As a result, there has recently been interest in tapping into the large digital footprint offered by mobile phone usage. This paper explores empirical relationships between data relating to mobile phones (ownership and spending on service use), and food insecurity in rural Nepal. The work explores models for estimating community-level food insecurity through aggregated mobile phone variables in a proof-of-concept approach. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed by considering the performance of the models under different settings. The results suggest that mobile phone variables on ownership and expenditure can be used to estimate food insecurity with reasonable accuracy. This suggests that such an approach can be used in and beyond Nepal as an option for collecting timely food insecurity information, either alone or in combination with conventional approaches.
Hypocalcaemia and calcium intake in pregnancy: A research protocol for critical analysis of risk factors, maternofoetal outcomes and evaluation of diagnostic methods in a third-category health facility, Cameroon
Authors: Ajong Atem Bethel , Kenfack Bruno , Ali Innocent Mbulli , Yakum Martin Ndinakie , Aljerf Loai , Telefo Phelix Bruno
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Hypocalcaemia in pregnancy remains a major health issue, particularly in the developing world where daily calcium intakes are suboptimal. This electrolyte imbalance can lead to severe maternofoetal and childhood consequences. Calcium supplementation, amongst others, contributes significantly to meeting calcium demands in pregnancy. With ionised calcaemia as the gold standard for diagnosis, total calcaemia and albumin-corrected calcaemia in other pathological states have been found to overestimate the burden of hypocalcaemia. The main objectives of this study are to describe the blood calcium level (total, albumin corrected, and ionised calcaemia) and associated maternofoetal outcomes while identifying determinants of calcium supplementation and ionised hypocalcaemia. This study will also evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of albumin corrected calcaemia as a diagnostic tool for hypocalcaemia (ionised calcaemia as the gold standard) among pregnant women in the Nkongsamba Regional Hospital, Cameroon.

Methods

Our study will target a total of 1067 term pregnant women who shall be included consecutively into the study as they arrive the maternity of the Nkongsamba Regional Hospital for their last antenatal care visit. Data shall be collected using a semi-structured interview-administered questionnaire and blood samples collected for total plasma calcium, albumin and serum ionized calcium assays. Additional data will be collected at birth (maternal and foetal variables; foetal outcomes evaluated as secondary outcomes). Total calcaemia and albuminemia shall be measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while ionised calcaemia will be measured by ion-selective electrode potentiometry(using MSLEA15-H electrolyte analyzer) per standard BIOLABO and MSLEA15 protocols, respectively. Data will be analysed using the statistical softwares epi-Info version 7.2.2.16 and STATA version 16.

Expected research outcome

This study will present a more precise estimate of the burden of hypocalcaemia in late pregnancy as well as identify and analyse the different factors associated with calcium supplementation and ionised hypocalcaemia among term pregnant women in a developing world setting. Maternofoetal outcomes associated with hypocalcaemia will be determined as well as the sensitivity and specificity of total and albumin-corrected calcaemia in diagnosing hypocalcaemia. Our findings will contribute significantly to designing or strengthening interventions to control this electrolyte imbalance.
Scientific quality of COVID-19 and SARS CoV-2 publications in the highest impact medical journals during the early phase of the pandemic: A case control study
Authors: Zdravkovic Marko , Berger-Estilita Joana , Zdravkovic Bogdan , Berger David
Published: November 2020

Background

A debate about the scientific quality of COVID-19 themed research has emerged. We explored whether the quality of evidence of COVID-19 publications is lower when compared to nonCOVID-19 publications in the three highest ranked scientific medical journals.

Methods

We searched the PubMed Database from March 12 to April 12, 2020 and identified 559 publications in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, and The Lancet which were divided into COVID-19 (cases, n = 204) and nonCOVID-19 (controls, n = 355) associated content. After exclusion of secondary, unauthored, response letters and non-matching article types, 155 COVID-19 publications (including 13 original articles) and 130 nonCOVID-19 publications (including 52 original articles) were included in the comparative analysis. The hierarchical level of evidence was determined for each publication included and compared between cases and controls as the main outcome. A quantitative scoring of quality was carried out for the subgroup of original articles. The numbers of authors and citation rates were also compared between groups.

Results

The 130 nonCOVID-19 publications were associated with higher levels of evidence on the level of evidence pyramid, with a strong association measure (Cramer’s V: 0.452, P <0.001). The 155 COVID-19 publications were 186-fold more likely to be of lower evidence (95% confidence interval [CI] for odds ratio, 7.0–47; P <0.001). The quantitative quality score (maximum possible score, 28) was significantly different in favor of nonCOVID-19 (mean difference, 11.1; 95% CI, 8.5–13.7; P <0.001). There was a significant difference in the early citation rate of the original articles that favored the COVID-19 original articles (median [interquartile range], 45 [30–244] vs. 2 [1–4] citations; P <0.001).

Conclusions

We conclude that the quality of COVID-19 publications in the three highest ranked scientific medical journals is below the quality average of these journals. These findings need to be verified at a later stage of the pandemic.
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions for improving medication adherence of organ transplant patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hyejin , Shin Byung-Cheul , Seo Ji Min
Published: November 2020

Background

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. It has been actively carried out all over the world. Recently, eHealth interventions have been applied to organ transplant patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of eHealth interventions for improving medication adherence in organ transplant patients as compared to usual or conventional care alone.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Excerpta Media dataBASE (EMBASE), the Cochrane Register Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and six domestic Korean databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to April 17, 2020. Two reviewers independently selected relevant studies and extracted data. The quality and bias of the identified studies were assessed. To estimate the effect size, a meta-analysis of the studies was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration software Review Manager 5.3. PRISMA guidelines were followed. When statistical heterogeneity was greater than 80%, narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

Of the 1,847 articles identified, seven RCTs with a total of 759 participants met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias assessment showed that the blinding of participants and personnel was high. In six studies, medication adherence (effect size = -0.18–1.30) and knowledge scores were not significantly different between those receiving eHealth interventions and the controls.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that eHealth interventions were similar to standard care or advanced care for improving medication adherence, and they faired equally well for improving medication knowledge. Therefore, eHealth interventions can be used for medication adherence of organ transplant patients. More research is needed to provide well-designed eHealth intervention to improve the medication adherence and knowledge of organ transplant patients.

Protocol registration number

CRD42017067145 16/05/2017
Electrochromic selective filtering of chronodisruptive visible wavelengths
Authors: Bonmati-Carrion Maria Angeles , Padilla Javier , Arguelles-Prieto Raquel , Österholm Anna M. , Reynolds John R. , Madrid Juan Antonio , Rol Maria Angeles
Published: November 2020

We present evidence of pupil response modification, as well as differential theoretical melatonin suppression through selective and dynamic electrochromic filtering of visible light in the 400–500 nm range to minimize chronodisruptive nocturnal blue light exposure. A lower activation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), the first step for light to reach a human’s internal clock, is related to melatonin secretion therefore avoiding detrimental effects of excessive blue light exposure. Pupillary Light Reflex and Color Naming were experimentally assessed under light filtered by two different coloration states (transmissive and absorptive) of these novel dynamic filters, plus an uncoated test device, in 16 volunteers. Also, different commercial light sources at illuminances ranging from 1 to 1000 lux were differentially filtered and compared in terms of theoretical melatonin suppression. Representative parameters of the pupil responses reflected lower pupil constriction when the electrochromic filters (ECFs) were switched on (absorptive state, blue light is absorbed by the filter) compared to uncoated filters (control sample), but failed to do so under transmissive state (blue light passes through the filter) indicating less activation of ipRGCs under absorptive state (although no significant differences between states was found). Out of eight colors tested, just one showed significant differences in naming between both filter states. Thus, the ECF would have some protecting effect on ipRGC activation with very limited changes in color perception. While there are some limitations of the theoretical model used, the absorptive state yielded significantly lower theoretical melatonin suppression in all those light sources containing blue wavelengths across the illuminance range tested. This would open the way for further research on biological applications of electrochromic devices.
Emergency department routine data and the diagnosis of acute ischemic heart disease in patients with atypical chest pain
Authors: Kim Ki Hong , Park Jeong Ho , Ro Young Sun , Hong Ki Jeong , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do
Published: November 2020

Background

Due to an aging population and the increasing proportion of patients with various comorbidities, the number of patients with acute ischemic heart disease (AIHD) who present to the emergency department (ED) with atypical chest pain is increasing. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model for AIHD in patients with atypical chest pain.

Methods and results

A chest pain workup registry, ED administrative database, and clinical data warehouse database were analyzed and integrated by using nonidentifiable key factors to create a comprehensive clinical dataset in a single academic ED from 2014 to 2018. Demographic findings, vital signs, and routine laboratory test results were assessed for their ability to predict AIHD. An extreme gradient boosting (XGB) model was developed and evaluated, and its performance was compared to that of a single-variable model and logistic regression model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated to assess discrimination. A calibration plot and partial dependence plots were also used in the analyses. Overall, 4,978 patients were analyzed. Of the 3,833 patients in the training cohort, 453 (11.8%) had AIHD; of the 1,145 patients in the validation cohort, 166 (14.5%) had AIHD. XGB, troponin (single-variable), and logistic regression models showed similar discrimination power (AUROC [95% confidence interval]: XGB model, 0.75 [0.71–0.79]; troponin model, 0.73 [0.69–0.77]; logistic regression model, 0.73 [0.70–0.79]). Most patients were classified as non-AIHD; calibration was good in patients with a low predicted probability of AIHD in all prediction models. Unlike in the logistic regression model, a nonlinear relationship-like threshold and U-shaped relationship between variables and the probability of AIHD were revealed in the XGB model.

Conclusion

We developed and validated an AIHD prediction model for patients with atypical chest pain by using an XGB model.
Cell death and biomass reduction in biofilms of multidrug resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates by 1,8-cineole
Authors: Vazquez Nicolas M. , Mariani Florencia , Torres Pablo S. , Moreno Silvia , Galván Estela M.
Published: November 2020

Escherichia coli is the most frequent agent of urinary tract infections in humans. The emergence of uropathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) has created additional problems in providing adequate treatment of urinary tract infections. We have previously reported the antimicrobial activity of 1,8-cineole, one of the main components of Rosmarinus officinalis volatile oil, against Gram negative bacteria during planktonic growth. Here, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of 1,8-cineole against pre-formed mature biofilms of MDR ESBL-producing uropathogenic E. coli clinical strains by carrying out different technical approaches such as counting of viable cells, determination of biofilm biomass by crystal violet staining, and live/dead stain for confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analyses. The plant compound showed a concentration- and time-dependent antibiofilm activity over pre-formed biofilms. After a 1 h treatment with 1% (v/v) 1,8-cineole, a significant decrease in viable biofilm cell numbers (3-log reduction) was observed. Biofilms of antibiotic-sensitive and MDR ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were sensitive to 1,8-cineole exposure. The phytochemical treatment diminished the biofilm biomass by 48–65% for all four E. coli strain tested. Noteworthy, a significant cell death in the remaining biofilm was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after live/dead staining. In addition, the majority of the biofilm-detached cells after 1,8-cineole treatment were dead, as shown by flow cytometric assessment of live/dead-stained bacteria. Moreover, phytochemical-treated biofilms did not fully recover growth after 24 h in fresh medium. Altogether, our results support the efficacy of 1,8-cineole as a potential antimicrobial agent for the treatment of E. coli biofilm-associated infections.
A machine learning-based treatment prediction model using whole genome variants of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Haga Hiroaki , Sato Hidenori , Koseki Ayumi , Saito Takafumi , Okumoto Kazuo , Hoshikawa Kyoko , Katsumi Tomohiro , Mizuno Kei , Nishina Taketo , Ueno Yoshiyuki
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the development of diagnostics using artificial intelligence (AI) has been remarkable. AI algorithms can go beyond human reasoning and build diagnostic models from a number of complex combinations. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we identified hepatitis C virus (HCV) variants resistant to directing-acting antivirals (DAA) by whole genome sequencing of full-length HCV genomes, and applied these variants to various machine-learning algorithms to evaluate a preliminary predictive model. HCV genomic RNA was extracted from serum from 173 patients (109 with subsequent sustained virological response [SVR] and 64 without) before DAA treatment. HCV genomes from the 109 SVR and 64 non-SVR patients were randomly divided into a training data set (57 SVR and 29 non-SVR) and a validation-data set (52 SVR and 35 non-SVR). The training data set was subject to nine machine-learning algorithms selected to identify the optimized combination of functional variants in relation to SVR status following DAA therapy. Subsequently, the prediction model was tested by the validation-data set. The most accurate learning method was the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm (validation accuracy, 0.95; kappa statistic, 0.90; F-value, 0.94). The second-most accurate learning algorithm was Multi-layer perceptron. Unfortunately, Decision Tree, and Naive Bayes algorithms could not be fitted with our data set due to low accuracy (< 0.8). Conclusively, with an accuracy rate of 95.4% in the generalization performance evaluation, SVM was identified as the best algorithm. Analytical methods based on genomic analysis and the construction of a predictive model by machine-learning may be applicable to the selection of the optimal treatment for other viral infections and cancer.
“The art of endlessly taking another view”
Authors: Carvalho Mário Jorge Pereira de Almeida
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with Fichte’s The Characteristics of the Present Age, and in particular with his discussion of the “empty form of knowledge” he claims stands at the centre of the third – i.e. the present – age.

Fichte speaks of a fundamental principle that forms the ‘common denominator’ between the third and fourth main epochs. This fundamental principle – the “maxim of comprehensibility” (Maxime der Begreiflichkeit) – makes knowledge and comprehension the measure of all that “counts as being valid and as really existing”. But the question arises: How can one and the same principle act as the “unifying concept” for two different “main epochs of human life”? Does this not go directly against Fichte’s claim that two main epochs differ from each other in every respect, precisely because they arise from two entirely different “unifying principles”, and because everything in them must reflect the difference between their “unifying principles”?

Fichte’s answer to this question is as follows:  a)  the fundamental maxim in question allows for two diametrically opposed interpretations, so that each of them provides the principle or the “unifying concept” from which the third and fourth main epochs arise, and b) the third main epoch only gives rise to the empty form of science, as opposed to “truly real science”: it stands for a careless and easy-going, shallow, conventional, trivializing and incorrect conception of the “fundamental maxim of comprehensibility” –  so that it misses what is essential, does not do justice to the fundamental maxim, overlooks its implications, and indeed goes against its innermost meaning.

Special attention is paid to the question of whether and how some major features of Fichte’s “empty form of knowledge” result from a misguided and superficial understanding of Kant’s “maxims of the self-preservation of reason” and can be reconstructed from this vantage point.
¿Perífrasis cuasisinónimas? Una regresión logística aplicada a las incoativas expresadas con ponerse y meterse
Authors: Comer Marie
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo propone un estudio de corpus sobre dos construcciones incoativas cuasisinónimas en español con ponerse y meterse (“to put”). Partiendo del principio universal de la economía lingüística, el documento pretende identificar empíricamente las variables que potencialmente determinan la elección del hablante entre los dos verbos a la hora de expresar un evento incoativo. Se investiga si la elección depende de un conjunto de variables relacionadas con el sujeto, el auxiliar, el infinitivo y/o la naturaleza de la propia perífrasis. La diferencia entre los cuasisinónimos está determinada principalmente por el grado de asociación entre el auxiliar y el infinitivo, la connotación (negativa vs. neutra) subyacente de la construcción, el tipo de oración (afirmativa vs. negativa), el aspecto gramatical del auxiliar y el género textual en el que aparece la perífrasis.
Filosofía y eduación: legitimación y competencias
Authors: Cervera Espinosa Antonio
Published: November 2020

¿Hasta dónde se puede decir que la problemática educativa no es ajena a la filosofía? o, mejor dicho: ¿hasta dónde necesita la educación de una reflexión filosófica? ¿No será quizás una postura anacrónica y aberrante recurrir a los conceptos abstractos de la filosofía para tratar los modernos problemas de la práctica educativa? ¿O es que hemos de seguir siempre saliéndonos por la tangente de las filosofías o las metafísiscas baratas, cuand no queremos coger por los cuernos los hechos concretos, que nos plantea a los educadores la práctica diaria de nuestra profesión?
Criterios de selección de los contenidos del curriculum
Authors: Vera Vila Julio , García Del Dujo Ángel , Peña Calvo José Vicente , Gargallo López Bernardo
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En un momento en el que la información se produce en grandes cantidades, por medios muy diversos y a una velocidad muy grande, uno de los problemas pedagógicos más importantes es el de establecer cuáles son los contenidos básicos que merece la pena aprender. Este trabajo se centra en la cuestión previa de ofrecer criterios para establecer prioridades a la hora de seleccionarlos, teniendo en cuenta que en esta tarea influyen los demás elementos del diseño curricular, especialmente los objetivos y los procesos de aprendizaje.ABSTRACT: In a moment in which most information is produced by different ways and so quickly, one of the most important paedagogical problems is to stablish which are the basic contents that must be learnt. This work is focused on the previous question of offering criteria for stablishing priorities in order to select them, considering that in this matter the other elements of curriculum design have also influence, especially the points and processes of learning.
Lo privado. Aprendizajes tácitos
Authors: Rodríguez Neira Teófilo
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Se analizan algunos de los espacios y lugares en los que transcurre la vida humana. Se presta especial atención a lo privado e íntimo. Aquí se llevan a cabo conductas que sólo en ellos pueden realizarse. Facilitan aprendizajes que, al no ser, con frecuencia, intencionales ni deliberadamente propuestos, son considerados como tácitos e implícitos, constituyendo una parte esencial de la personalidad.ABSTRACT: We analyze some spaces and places where human life develops. We pay special attention to privacy and intimacy where some behaviours, that only there can be carried out, take place. They provide learnings, which being neither deliberately proposed nor intentional, must be considered as tacit and implicit. They are an esential part of the personality.
La simulación como acción tecnológica en educación ambiental
Authors: Sureda Jaume
Published: November 2020

La presente comunicación se inscribe en el maro de una serie de trabajos que venimos realizando en el departamento de Ciencias de la Educación de la UIB, orientados a desarrollar estrategias operativizadoras en los diversos ámbitos de la Pedagogía ambiental. Concretamente, este trabajo se centra en un proyecto más amplio de búsqueda de vías tecnológicas en Educación Ambiental, desarrollándose a nivel exclusivamente descriptivo puesto que constituye el punto de partida a otros proyetos de investigación empírica en procesos de desarrollo.
Los retos de las nuevas tecnologías para la educación a distancia
Authors: Sarramona López Jaime
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La tecnología ha penetrado en todos los ámbitos de la vida actual y, con mayor motivo, en la educación a distancia. La aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías ha modificado el concepto mismo de «distancia», al facilitar la comunicación inmediata y la interacción. Pero la correcta aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías en la educación a distancia precisa de condiciones ineludibles: existencia de un modelo didáctico coherente, preparación previa en los destinatarios, planificación a cargo de equipos multidisciplinares, establecimiento de las condiciones para la interacción social y con el mismo material didáctico, fomento de la motivación, etc. En cualquier caso, la libertad de iniciativa en el sujeto que aprende no exime de garantizar la adquisición de los conocimientos y competencias fundamentales en el campo objeto de estudio.ABSTRACT: Lhe technology has penetrated in all the environments of the current life and, with more reason, in the education at distance. Lhe application of the new technologies has modified the same concept of «distance», when facilitating the immediate communication and the interaction. But the correct application of the new technologies in the education at precise distance of unavoidable conditions: existence of a coherent didactic model, previous preparation in the addressees, planning in charge of multiprofessionals teams, establishment of the conditions for the social interaction and with the same didactic material, I foment of the motivation, etc. Anyway, the initiative freedom in the fellow that learns doesn't exempt of guaranteeing the acquisition of the knowledge and fundamental competitions in the field study object.
Análisis del currículum y perspectiva antropològica en un sistema formativo territorial
Authors: Requejo Osorio Agustín
Published: November 2020

Desde la perspectiva de trabajos anteriores (Comunicación al I. Congreso Nacional de Teoría de la Educación: "Acción educativa e investigación antropológica: presupuestos para el desarrollo de un modelo de acción educativa de base antropológica". Sevilla. Junio 1986) y reconociendo importantes otros análisis antropológicos en base a diferentes modelos de relación antropológico-pedagógicos, se consideraba en dicho trabajo que un modelo de acción educativa desde los presupuestos de una Pedagogía Antropología debe hacerse con las siguientes referencias inmediatas: la definición de un sistema formativo territorial y la recuperación y diseño de una acción cultural.
La reforma de las enseñanzas universitarias desde el ángulo internacional
Authors: Marín Ibáñez Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Por imperativo legal, en desarrollo de la Ley Orgánica de Reforma Universitaria de 1983 y a la vez de los estatutos de las respectivas universidades, van a ser renovados los planes de estudios. El tema, pues, merece una consideración especial. Nosotros vamos a enfocarlo desde el triple ángulo: los artículos de la Ley que conciernen a nuestro tema; las propuestas formuladas por el Consejo de Universidades; y la reflexión crítica sobre las directrices elaboradas por el Consejo a la luz de la información internacional.
Actitudes hacia el hecho multicultural
Authors: Ortega Ruiz Pedro , Mínguez Vallejos Ramón
Published: November 2020

Attitudes towards multiculturalism In this paper, the necessity for a multicultural education responding to the reality of plural society like ours becomes apparent. The conceptual and methodological difficulties surrounding the research into the field of multicultural education are also discussed. Finally, a scale of attitudes towards multiculturalism and a preliminar analysis of the results obtained after the students of the Teachers' Training University School were given the test are presented.
¿Educar bien es de sentido común? Una contribución desde la Antropología al pensamiento pedagógico
Authors: Reyero García David
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En este artículo se analiza la relación entre el sentido común y el conocimiento pedagógico. Para ello se parte de un análisis en torno al significado antropológico del sentido común y la aplicación de este análisis a las teorías sobre el pensamiento humano de Rorty y Maclntyre. El análisis de estos autores pretende demostrar la necesidad de mantener el pensamiento educativo dentro del sentido común y ajeno a una crítica radical en torno al sentido y valores de la comunidad.ABSTRACT: The paper analyses the relation between the common sense and the pedagogical knowledge. First the author revise the anthropological meaning of the common sense and then apply this revisión to study the theories of Rorty and Maclntyre about human thought. This application tries to demónstrate the necessity to maintain the educative thought within the common sense and save to the strong critical about the community virtues.
Ciencia y tecnología: modos de acercarnos a la realidad educativa
Authors: Rincón I Verdera Joan Carles
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Hoy en día la mayoría de los autores que se dedican a trabajar en el campo de acción propio de la Teoría de la Educación coinciden en destacar que ésta debe ser, al mismo tiempo, científica y tecnológica, es decir, una teoría tecnocientífica. Este trabajo supone una aproximación a los modos epistemológicos de acercarnos e intervenir en la realidad educativa, es decir, una aproximación a los conceptos de ciencia y tecnología, a sus criterios de racionalidad y a la relación que establecen con la educación.ABSTRACT: Nowadays the majority of authors who work in the field of Education Theory coincide in pointing out that it should be both scientific and technological, that is to say a techno-scientific theory. This work is supposed to be an approach to epistemological ways of getting closer to and interacting with the educational reality, which implies having to deal with the concepts of science and technology, their criteria of rationality and the relationship they establish with education.
Influencia educativa de los medios de comunicación social en la sociedad neoliberal
Authors: Vera Vila Julio
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Este trabajo es una reflexión acerca de la forma en la que se articulan y operan los medios de comunicación en lo que se ha dado en llamar el neoliberalismo y cuál es, en ese contexto, su influencia educativa. Los medios de comunicación entendidos como conjunto de empresas que tienen por misión informar a las personas de lo que ocurre en el mundo, han jugado y juegan un importante papel social. Desde el punto de vista educativo, el análisis del mundo de la comunicación en el contexto neoliberal actual, invita a demandar mayores dosis de educación ciudadana. Ser ciudadanos autónomos y críticos en unos entornos persuasivos tan poderosos, con tal cantidad de información, exige potenciar los procesos educativos y una distribución más igualitaria de los recursos y dispositivos formativos disponibles.ABSTRACT: This work is a reflection about the form in which the media are articulated and the way they opérate in the neoliberalism and which is, in that context, its educational influence. The media understood as a group of companies that have for mission to inform people of what happens in the world, has played and they play an important social role. From the educational point of view, the analysis of the world of the communication in the neoliberal context, invites to demand more civic education. To be autonomous and critical citizens in such persuasive environments, with so many information, it demands to foster the educational processes and a more equitable distribution of the available formative resources.
Eduación y verdad
Authors: Barrio Maestre José María
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La Teoría de la Educación ha de afrontar el reto de devolver a muchos docentes el valor de educar en un contexto que culturalmente resulta en muchos aspectos deseducativo. La contracultura del nihilismo banal, que a menudo incluso se despacha desde la escuela, supone un importante obstáculo para toda tarea educativa que, entre otras facetas, tiene mucho que ver con dar referencias de sentido. La pedagogía tiene algo que hacer –y es seguro que lo tiene– sólo si es capaz de recuperar, desde su tradición socrática, el prestigio cultural del conocimiento, y eso no es otra cosa que el prestigio de la razón como capacidad de verdad.ABSTRACT: Educational Theory has to face the challenge of recovering for many teachers the value of education, within a cultural frame that could be deemed as a hindrance to education. The nihilistic and trivial «counterculture», delivered often from the school itself, represents an important obstacle for every educational task, always related to giving sense-references. Pedagogy will have a role nowadays only if it is able, according to its Socratic tradition, to recover the cultural prestige of knowledge, which is not anything different to the prestige of reason as capable of truth.SOMMAIRE: La Théorie de l’Éducation doit faire face au défi de restituer la valeur de l’enseignement dans un contexte qui se montre trop souvent contraire à l’éducation elle même. La «contre-culture» du nihilisme banal, traité bien souvent dès l’école même, entraîne une importante barrière face à la Pédagogie, dont l’objet, n’oublions pas, est de fournir, entre autres, des références de sens. La Pédagogie aura, sans doute, quelque chose à faire au moment ou elle sera capable de récupérer (selon la tradition socratique) le prestige culturel de la connaissance, c’est à dire: lorsqu’elle sera capable de récupérer la «raison» comme outil pour atteindre la vérité.
Concepciones erróneas sobre alimentación en futuros profesores. Construcción de conocimiento pedagógico
Authors: Rodrigo Vega Maximiliano , Ejeda Manzanera José Manuel
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: El presente estudio responde al interés de unir la investigación en la práctica educativa con el desarrollo del conocimiento pedagógico. En concreto, a partir de una investigación sobre la enseñanza de los conocimientos en alimentación en futuros profesores, se plantea una secuencia de niveles de concepciones que pueden constituir una guía de selección de contenidos educativos para trabajar en la Educación de la Alimentación.ABSTRACT: The present study responds to the interest of uniting research in educational practice with the development of pedagogical knowledge. Specifically, based on research into the teaching of nutritional knowledge to future teachers, a sequence of concept levels is proposed which may serve as a guide for selecting educational content to work with in the area of Nutrition Education.SOMMAIRE: Cette étude répond à l’intérêt d’unir la recherche dans le domaine de la pratique éducative au développement de la connaissance pédagogique. À partir d’une recherche sur l’enseignement des connaissances en alimentation à des futurs professeurs, on y développe une séquence de niveaux de conception qui pourraient constituer un guide pour la sélection des contenus éducatifs à travailler dans l’Éducation à l’Alimentation.
El papel de la convivencia escolar en la formación inicial del profesorado de educación infantil y primaria
Authors: Monge López Carlos , Gómez Hernández Patricia
Published: November 2020

La convivencia en los centros educativos supone un tema de interés en cuanto que condiciona sustancialmente los tipos y calidad de los aprendizajes. Pero la gestión de la convivencia escolar no es una cuestión fácil de abordar y requiere, al menos, una adecuada formación del profesorado. Por ello, el principal objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar qué contenidos, objetivos, competencias y recursos se están trabajando en la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria. Para ello se analizaron las guías docentes (2019-2020) de las Facultades de Educación españolas posicionadas en el Shanghai Ranking (2.224 guías analizadas). Las cuestiones para analizar giraron en torno a: (1) la conceptualización y dimensionalidad de la convivencia, (2) la configuración y tipologías de conflictos escolares y (3) estructuras del modelo integrado de gestión de la convivencia escolar. Los principales resultados indicaron una fuerte presencia de algunos elementos configuradores de la convivencia, como la comprensión por las demás personas y la interdependencia positiva, pero dicha presencia fue muy restringida en cuanto a los valores del pluralismo como elementos constituyentes de la convivencia. Si bien es cierto que algunas tipologías de conflictos escolares se encontraron en la formación inicial del profesorado, como los problemas de disciplina, el acoso entre iguales o la violencia, por el contrario, el tema del vandalismo, el acoso sexual o el plagio generalmente fueron inexistentes. En las titulaciones analizadas se encontraron diferentes estrategias, técnicas y herramientas para la gestión de la convivencia, pero no se encontraron incardinadas en un modelo integrador. Por todo ello, se puede concluir que la formación inicial del profesorado debe seguir mejorando en algunas direcciones concretas.