DiseÃ±o de un instrumento para la evaluaciÃ³n de competencias en la obtenciÃ³n del diagnÃ³stico fisioterapÃ©utico: estudio piloto para la consistencia interna, confiabilidad y validez
Authors: Segura Gustavo Argenis HernÃ¡ndez , Guardiola Jennifer RodrÃ­guez , Morales Ãngel Salvador Xeque 
Published: June 2020

IntroducciÃ³n: El diagnÃ³stico en fisioterapia se concibe como un proceso que integra conocimientos, habilidades, toma de decisiones y razonamiento clÃ­nico, derivados de un proceso cognitivo. Hay suficiente evidencia sobre el diagnÃ³stico de fisioterapia, pero no asÃ­ sobre instrumentos que le permitan ser verificado y evaluado. Objetivo: DiseÃ±o, elaboraciÃ³n y validaciÃ³n de un instrumento. El instrumento se llama: evaluaciÃ³n de competencias del modelo de intervenciÃ³n del paciente/usuario para el diagnÃ³stico en fisioterapia (ECODIFI). MetodologÃ­a: Se realizÃ³ un estudio observacional, transversal en dosfases. La primera consistiÃ³ en una validaciÃ³n de contenido a travÃ©s de cinco expertos. La segunda fase implica la validaciÃ³n a travÃ©s del coeficiente de Cronbach utilizando el anÃ¡lisis Pre-Test/Re-Test. Resultados: Se reclutÃ³ un total de 12 estudiantes para este estudio quienes ya habÃ­an recibido capacitaciÃ³n para la consulta de primera vez con paciente real. En el proceso de Pre-Test, se obtuvo un coeficiente de Cronbach de 0,89, 0,73 y 0,90 en las dimensiones "examinaciÃ³n", "evaluaciÃ³n" y "diagnÃ³stico" respectivamente, y 0,94 en el instrumento total. Para el proceso de Re-Test, se obtuvo un Coeficiente de 0.90, 0.75 y 0.90 en el mismo orden; Se observÃ³ 0,95 en el total. Se realizÃ³ una comparaciÃ³n de puntajes estadÃ­sticos descriptivos entre las dimensiones del estudiante y su total, donde se observÃ³ un comportamiento altamente estable en comparaciÃ³n del Re-Test respecto al Pre-Test. Conclusiones: El instrumento es vÃ¡lido y confiable. Tiene un rendimiento estable en mÃºltiples aplicaciones. Es claro, sistemÃ¡tico y completo. Es adecuado, rÃ¡pido de administrar y cumple su objetivo de diseÃ±o.
Background: Diagnosis in physical therapy is conceived as a process that integrates knowledge, functions, skills, decision making and clinical reasoning that is the result of a cognitive process. There is enough conceptual and theoretical evidence about physiotherapy diagnosis, but not enough evidence about instruments to measure the ability to diagnose. Purpose: This study shows the process of design and validation the instrument to measure such ability. The instrument is called: competences evaluation of the patient/client management model for the diagnosis in physical therapy (ECODIFI). Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. The first consisted of a content validation across five experts. The second phase involves validation through Cronbachâ€™s Coefficient using the Pre-test Re-Test analysis. Results: A total of 12 students were recruited for this study who had already received training for the patientâ€™s first consult intervention. In Pre-Test process, was obtained a Cronbachâ€™s Coefficient of 0.89, 0.73 and 0.90 in the â€œexaminationâ€, â€œevaluationâ€ and â€œdiagnosisâ€ dimensions respectively, and 0.94 in total instrument. For Re-test process, was obtained a Coefficient of 0.90, 0.75 and 0.90 in the same order; 0.95 is observed in the total. A comparison of descriptive statistics scores between studentâ€™s dimensions and its total was conducted, where a highly stable behavior Re-Test compared to the Pre-Test was observed. Conclusions: The instrument is valid and reliable. It has a stable performance in multiple applications terms. It is clear, systematic and comprehensive. It is suitable, quick to administer and fulfills its design goal.