bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health status classification model for medical adherence system in retirement township
Authors: Abubaker Sherif Abubaker Faisal , Tan Wooi Haw , Ooi Chee Pun , Tan Yi Fei
Published: October 2021

Medical adherence and remote patient monitoring have gained huge attention from researchers recently, especially with the need to observe the patients’ health outside hospitals due to the ongoing pandemic. The main goal of this research work is to propose a health status classification model that provides a numerical indicator of the overall health condition of a patient via four major vital signs, which are body temperature, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation level, and heart rate. A dataset has been prepared based on the data obtained from hospital records, with these four vital signs extracted for each patient. This dataset provides a label associating each patient to the number of medical diagnoses. Generally, the number of diagnoses correlates with the patient's medical condition, with no diagnoses indicating normal condition, one to two diagnoses suggest low risk, and more than that implies high risk. Thus, we propose a method to classify a patient’s health status into three classes, which are normal, low risk and high risk. This would provide guidance for healthcare workers on the patient's medical condition. By training the classification model using the prepared dataset, the seriousness of a patient's health condition can be predicted. This prediction is performed by classifying the patients based on their four vital signs. Our tests have yielded encouraging results using precision and recall as the evaluation metrics. The key outcome of this work is a trained classification model that quantifies a patient's health condition based on four vital signs. Nevertheless, the model can be further improved by considering more input features such as medical history. The results obtained from this research can assist medical personnel by providing a secondary advice regarding the health status for the patients who are located remotely from the medical facilities.
Sustainable business model for local council’s smart city initiatives: a systematic literature review
Authors: Mustaffa Kamal Effendee Ezatul Faizura , Dorasamy Magiswary , Bin Ahmad Abdul Aziz , Aris Azrin , Harguem Saida , Kaliannan Maniam
Published: October 2021

Background: Malaysia is embarking on sustainable, resilient, and prosperous living conditions initiatives. Malaysian cities are embracing the smart city aspiration through their respective local authorities. However, they face challenges regarding  funding allocation for smart city implementation. Local authorities primarily operate on a conventional business model. Based on their current business model, they are unlikely to sustain their smart city initiatives. A more financially sustainable business model is required by these local authorities to embark on smart city initiatives. This study presents a systematic review concerning the business models adopted by local authorities to implement smart cities. This paper also explores the applicability of frugal innovation towards developing a smart city business model.

Methods: This article undertakes a systematic review based on combination sets of eight main keywords: smart city, business model, frugal innovation, local authorities, performance, inclusivity, technology and success factor. The search strategy includes journal articles and conference proceedings from five major online databases: Emerald, ProQuest, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link between 2001-2021. The data is tabulated for clear expression of knowledge gaps.

Results: A total of 17 articles from 300 articles on smart city business models matched the search on smart city business models for local authorities . The study revealed that hardly any in-depth research providing the crucial elements for a successful smart city business model for local authorities has been conducted. No research has linked frugal innovation to smart city business models.

Conclusions: The study calls upon the research community to explore further, the possible linkage between frugal innovation and smart cities for local authorities.
Testing for sensory threshold in drinking water with added calcium: a first step towards developing a calcium fortified water
Authors: Cormick Gabriela , Matamoros Natalia , Romero Iris B. , Perez Surya M. , White Cintia , Watson Dana Z. , Belizán José M. , Sosa Miriam , Gugole Ottaviano M. Fernanda , Elizagoyen Eliana , Garitta Lorena
Published: October 2021

Background: Food fortification is an effective strategy that has been recommended for improving population calcium inadequate intakes. Increasing calcium concentration of water has been proposed as a possible strategy to improve calcium intake. The objective of this study was to determine the sensory threshold of different calcium salts added to drinking water using survival analysis.

Methods: We performed the triangle test methodology for samples of water with added calcium using three different calcium salts: calcium chloride, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate. For each salt, a panel of 54 consumers tested seven batches of three water samples. Data were adjusted for chance and sensory threshold was estimated using the survival methodology and a discrimination of 50%.

Results: The threshold value estimation for calcium gluconate was 587 ± 131 mg/L of water, corresponding to 25% discrimination, for calcium lactate was 676 ± 186 mg/L, corresponding to 50% discrimination, and for calcium chloride was 291 ± 73 mg/L, corresponding to 50% discrimination.

Conclusions: These results show that water with calcium added in different salts and up to a concentration of 500 mg of calcium/L of water is feasible. The calcium salt allowing the highest calcium concentration with the lowest perceived changes in taste was calcium gluconate. Future studies need to explore stability and acceptability over longer periods of time.
Basic taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, and propensity of dairy foods of preadolescent children: How are they related?
Authors: Ervina Ervina , Berget Ingunn , Skeie Siv Borghild , L. Almli Valérie
Published: October 2021

Background: Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children’s eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents.

Methods: Children’s taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold with five different concentration levels of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate). In addition, the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ), the Food Propensity Questionnaire (FPQ), and the children’s body weight and height were completed by the parents. Children conducted the sensory evaluation test at schools while parents completed the questionnaires online.

Results: A total of 69 child-parent dyads participated. Taste sensitivity was significantly associated with eating behaviour in food responsiveness, emotional overeating, and desire to drink. Children who were less sensitive to caffeine bitterness (higher detection threshold) had higher food responsiveness scores, while those who were less sensitive to sweetness and caffeine bitterness had higher emotional overeating scores. In addition, children who were less sensitive to sourness and bitterness of both caffeine and quinine demonstrated to have higher scores in desire to drink. There was no association between taste sensitivity and FPQ, but significant differences were observed across children’s body mass index (BMI) regarding their FPQ of dairy food items, indicating higher consumption of low-fat milk in the overweight/obese compared to the normal-weight subjects. There was no significant difference in taste sensitivity according to BMI. Children’s eating behaviour differed across BMI, demonstrating a positive association between BMI and food approach, and a negative association between BMI and food avoidance.

Conclusions: This study contributes to the preliminary understanding of the relationships between taste sensitivity and eating behaviour in preadolescents which could be used to develop effective strategies to promote healthy eating practices in children by considering their taste sensitivity.
Rapid evidence review to inform safe return to campus in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Katzourakis Aris , Wyatt Tristram D. , Griffin Stephen
Published: October 2021

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted predominantly through the air in crowded and unventilated indoor spaces among unvaccinated people. Universities and colleges are potential settings for its spread.

Methods: An interdisciplinary team from public health, virology, and biology used narrative methods to summarise and synthesise evidence on key control measures, taking account of mode of transmission.

Results: Evidence from a wide range of primary studies supports six measures. Vaccinate (aim for > 90% coverage and make it easy to get a jab). Require masks indoors, especially in crowded settings. If everyone wears well-fitting cloth masks, source control will be high, but for maximum self-protection, respirator masks should be worn.  Masks should not be removed for speaking or singing. Space people out by physical distancing (but there is no “safe” distance because transmission risk varies with factors such as ventilation, activity levels and crowding), reducing class size (including offering blended learning), and cohorting (students remain in small groups with no cross-mixing). Clean indoor air using engineering controls—ventilation (while monitoring CO2 levels), inbuilt filtration systems, or portable air cleaners fitted with high efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filters). Test asymptomatic staff and students using lateral flow tests, with tracing and isolating infectious cases when incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is high. Support clinically vulnerable people to work remotely. There is no direct evidence to support hand sanitising, fomite controls or temperature-taking. There is evidence that freestanding plastic screens, face visors and electronic air-cleaning systems are ineffective.

Conclusions: The above six evidence-based measures should be combined into a multi-faceted strategy to maximise both student safety and the continuation of in-person and online education provision. Staff and students seeking to negotiate a safe working and learning environment should collect data (e.g. CO2 levels, room occupancy) to inform conversations.
Per User Based Interference Alignment for Uplink CoMP with Perfect CSI under Different Channel Models
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, 65141, Indonesia, Rakhmania Amalia Eka , Taufik Mochammad , Hariyadi Aad , Hudiono Hudiono , Perdana Ridho Hendra Yoga
Published: October 2021

Per-user based SLNR-SINR interference alignment (IA) algorithm for uplink CoMP is evaluated under different channel models. Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami fading channel is used in transmission with the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel set as reference. Performance evaluation is based on its achievable sum rate and convergence rate by varying the channel, the number of serving cells, and UE's transmit and receive antenna combination. Assuming perfect CSI, the result shows that the maximum achievable sum rate is when the communication occurs in the AWGN channel. There are 3 bps/Hz difference between communication over Rayleigh and Nakagami channel, and 1.5 bps/Hz difference between Rician and Nakagami channel. Among the three fading channels, a smaller number of transmitting and receiving antenna in UE resulted in a higher sum rate with 58.97 bps/Hz for IA in the Nakagami channel with {3, 2, 4, 4, 2} configuration. In the low SNR region, the lowest sum rate for this configuration achieves 15.87 bps/Hz for IA in the Rayleigh channel.
Low-cost Voice Based Braille Script Communication for Teaching Aid
Authors:   Center for Research and Consultancy, Middle East College, Knowledge Oasis Muscat, P.B. No. 79, Al Rusayl 124, Oman, Hussain Shaik Asif. , Hussain Shaik Javeed. , Hasan Raza , Mahmood Salman
Published: October 2021

Though the Traditional method of teaching Braille script for the blind is simple, yet it has some potential drawbacks. Handling the marbles and the slate for a first-time does make learning very difficult. In most cases, the teacher will also be blind, so for each representation, the teacher must reach each student’s slate and change the arrangement of the marbles. This is a harder and time taking job. This project focuses on the design and development of an embedded system based electronic assistive device which eases the problem of teaching visually challenged beginner. This Project is implemented using an ordinary Braille slate with IR sensors and Raspberry Pi 2 Model B board which is cost-effective and simple. The Software is implemented in Simulink of MATLAB R2020. The placing of the marbles in the slate is sensed by the IR Proximity sensor. If the combination of the marbles placed is correct, then the Raspberry Pi’s Text to speak converter produces the audio sound output of the corresponding letter. This method provides an easy way of teaching Braille Script with less effort for the teacher.
Analysis of the Perfect Nulling Technique in ACO-OFDM for DHT Hybrid PLC-VLC System in Impulsive Noise
Authors:   University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg and 2006, South Africa, Mapfumo Irvine , Shongwe Thokozani
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we investigate the performance of the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) hybrid Power Line Communication - Visible Light Communication (PLC-VLC) system based on asymmetrically clipped optical - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) in impulsive noise, when the Perfect Nulling technique is utilized to analyze the combating of impulsive noise in the system. ACO-OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique used in communications systems to allow for high data rates while adding robustness to the system. In this work, we derive the theoretical bit error rate (BER) error floor expression which enables us to calculate the error floor introduced into the system due to the nulling of data samples affected by impulsive noise, which we then compare to the simulated BER error floor. Results from this work show that the simulated BER error floor values are approximately the same as the theoretical BER error floor values with insignificant differences. The simulated BER error floor values confirmed the theoretical expression for the BER error floor derived in this work.
A Novel Secure Data Aggregation Scheme Based on Semi-Homomorphic Encryption in WSNs
Authors:   National School of Applied Science: ENSA Khouribga, Khouribga 25000, Morocco, Ifzarne Samir , Hafidi Imad , Idrissi Nadia
Published: October 2021

Privacy protection in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) constitutes a big challenge for the adoption of WSNs in data sensitive applications like health monitoring or tracking and surveillance of borders. Privacy protection require additional controls and communications overloads, which impact the overall network lifetime. Research community has proposed several scenarios to minimize the impact of data protection generally based on secure aggregation and encryption to meet the practical requirements of energy constraints imposed by WSN. However, efficiency of privacy protection must be assessed before deployment. The privacy protection mechanisms are evaluated based on their hackability and network performance using four main metrics: Control Packet Overhead, delay, Throughput, Packet delivery ratio. The purpose of this paper is to propose a secure aggregation scheme based on homomorphic encryption. The new scheme will be will be compared to another scheme based on network metric and attack detection accuracy to have full view on the scheme performance for both network and security metrics. The proposed scheme named “Cluster-based Semi-Homomophic Encryption Aggregated Data” (CSHEAD) offer better performance as it reduces the controls overhead with higher detection accuracy. The conducted simulations confirm the expected results.
End-to-End Secure IoT Node Provisioning
Authors:   Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey, Yavuz Ilker , Ors Berna
Published: October 2021

Security of Internet of Things (IoT) has been one of the most critical topics since IoT devices took part in daily life. Due to resource constrained nature of IoT networks, meeting requirements of a secure infrastructure always becomes a challenge. The most prevalent method is to rely on conventional application layer protocols to secure IoT network traffic but due to IoT device capabilities, limited mobile network resources and battery powered structure of IoT nodes, most of them are not applicable in practice. Provisioning a new node into a running network also suffers from these challenges. In this study, we investigate whether pure algorithm based protocols can be used to solve secure provisioning of resource limited IoT devices problem. Trusted IoT node provisioning requires new node authentication, authorization for network credentials, secret key generation for data privacy, and distribution of secret keys. Besides that, key management for rejoining nodes should be considered due to mobility of IoT nodes. We propose an Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) based solution to cover these security requirements. Our design environment has also ability to analyze power consumption of each node during node enabling into a secure network.
Embedded Wireless Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Based on Internet of Things Platform
Authors:   Department of Electrical Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Songkhla, Thailand, Boonsong Wasana
Published: October 2021

Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) applications are distributing into many areas, such as industry and agriculture. This article presents the embedded wireless Dissolved Oxygen (DO) monitoring system based on IoT platforms. The module contains two types of data sensing, which are water temperature and DO sensors. Both devices are embedded with a wireless IoT module using NodeMCU-ESP8266, an integration WiFi-Microcontroller on a single board. The proposed IoT-DO monitoring system detects information data from the aquaculture pond environment. Namely, the parameters studied are water temperature and DO values. The cloud internet network collects and stores the experimental data and link to the users. The relationship between both parameters is analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences based Pearson correlation coefficient theory. The findings found that the water temperature and DO values are negatively related, with a statistically significant .05. Water temperature is the principal affection to other parameters of water. In this work, the DO value is studied to relate the water temperature. It was found that when the water temperature increases, the DO decreases accordingly and vice versa.
La colección artística de los marqueses de Villafranca del Bierzo en el siglo XVIII.
Authors: Halcón Fátima
Published: October 2021

El marquesado de Villafranca del Bierzo constituye un ejemplo del coleccionismo de la nobleza hispánica desde el siglo XVI. La relevancia de la colección comenzó con Pedro de Toledo (1484-1553), II marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo, manteniéndose a lo largo de los siglos XVII y XVIII. Durante ese tiempo se amplió por compras, encargos y una ventajosa política matrimonial. En este artículo se dan a conocer datos inéditos de la colección en el siglo XVIII a través de las figuras de Fadrique Vicente Álvarez de Toledo Osorio y Moncada y de su hijo Antonio Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, IX marqués y X marqués de este título, respectivamente.
Juan Bautista Patrone: nuevas atribuciones.
Authors: Moreno Arana José Manuel , Porres Benavides Jesús
Published: October 2021

En el presente texto se analizan una serie de obras que atribuimos a Juan Bautista Patrone, escultor genovés afincado en Sevilla en el periodo a caballo entre los siglos XVIII y XIX. Se trata de obras religiosas con un repertorio iconográfico que va de la imagen pasionaria de Cristo, San José con el niño, ángeles y arcángeles a algunos santos. Para el estudio de las piezas se han analizado sus características formales y estilísticas, que se ha completado con un análisis técnico en algunas de ellas donde hemos podido aprovechar la información obtenida a raíz de las intervenciones que se les han practicado.
Juan José Gómez de la Torre. La fuerza constructiva de la pincelada en el siglo XXI.
Authors: Luque Teruel Andrés
Published: October 2021

Juan José Gómez de la Torre es un pintor con amplia trayectoria docente y profesional en la ciudad de Sevilla, en la que ha desarrollado un estilo muy personal, sobre todo en la práctica de dos géneros, el bodegón y el paisaje, a los que hay que añadir el dominio de los modelos naturales y un claro magisterio en el planteamiento del retrato. Su obra ha estado presente en numerosas exposiciones y ha sido reconocida con importantes premios, por lo que se hacía necesario un primer estudio que permitiese dilucidar las claves de su creatividad.
The ‘hidden curriculum’
Authors: Demetriadi Nicola
Published: October 2021

More than just a framework: The second article in this series will explore further what the practitioner can do, or rather not do, in order to support children's learning through the ‘hidden curriculum’.
Biomechanics of anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Goetti Patrick , Denard Patrick J. , Collin Philippe , Ibrahim Mohamed , Mazzolari Adrien , Lädermann Alexandre
Published: October 2021

The biomechanics of the shoulder relies on careful balancing between stability and mobility. A thorough understanding of normal and degenerative shoulder anatomy is necessary, as the goal of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty is to reproduce premorbid shoulder kinematics. With reported joint reaction forces up to 2.4 times bodyweight, failure to restore anatomy and therefore provide a stable fulcrum will result in early implant failure secondary to glenoid loosening. The high variability of proximal humeral anatomy can be addressed with modular stems or stemless humeral components. The development of three-dimensional planning has led to a better understanding of the complex nature of glenoid bone deformity in eccentric osteoarthritis. The treatment of cuff tear arthropathy patients was revolutionized by the arrival of Grammont’s reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The initial design medialized the centre of rotation and distalized the humerus, allowing up to a 42% increase in the deltoid moment arm. More modern reverse designs have maintained the element of restored stability but sought a more anatomic postoperative position to minimize complications and maximize rotational range of motion.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:918-931. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210014
Surgical risk factors associated with the development of adjacent segment pathology in the lumbar spine
Authors: Pinto Eduardo Moreira , Teixeira Artur , Frada Ricardo , Atilano Pedro , Miranda António
Published: October 2021

Adjacent segment pathology (ASP) is a major cause of disability, and the recognition of the surgical risk factors associated with the development of this condition is essential for its prevention. Different surgical approaches, from decompression without fusion to non-instrumented and instrumented fusion, have distinct contributions to the development of ASP. Although motion-preservation procedures could reduce the prevalence of ASP, these are also associated with a higher percentage of complications. Several risk factors associated with previous surgery, namely the chosen surgical approach and anatomical dissection, the choice of interbody fusion, the increment and length of the fusion, and the restoration of sagittal alignment, may influence the development of ASP.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:966-972. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210050
Surface bone sarcomas: an update on current clinicopathological diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Savvidou Olga , Papakonstantinou Olympia , Lakiotaki Eleftheria , Zafeiris Ioannis , Melissaridou Dimitra , Korkolopoulou Pinelopi , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: October 2021

Surface bone sarcomas are rare malignant bone tumours. Osseous and cartilaginous surface bone sarcomas are the most common, with parosteal and periosteal osteosarcomas, periosteal chondrosarcomas and secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas being the most frequent. Their clinical symptoms are non-specific and include pain for several months, swelling and limited range of motion of the adjacent joints. Prompt diagnosis is important, as biological behaviour, imaging and histopathologic characteristics, treatment and prognosis differ considerably from their conventional intramedullary counterparts. Moreover, their imaging characteristics are not infrequently non-characteristic and may be misinterpreted as juxtacortical benign lesions leading to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, with life-threatening repercussions. Molecular studies and histopathological sampling are essential for accurate diagnosis. There are still numerous issues regarding the biology, pathophysiology and treatment options of these entities due to their rarity.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:905-917. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210064
Views of Generation Z regarding care and care careers: a four-country study
Authors: Gallagher Ann , Lane Aoife , Egan Caroline , Ota Katsumasa , Aoishi Keiko , Nakayama Natsuki , Kasimovskaya Nataliya , Fomina Elena , Geraskina Natalia , Shalakhova Anna , Cox Anna
Published: October 2021

Globally, life expectancy is increasing, as is the need for effective care responses to chronic health conditions, global emergencies and health disparities. Alongside this is a shortage of skilled caregivers. This four-country qualitative study investigates the views of ‘care’ and ‘care careers’ of Generation Z (the next generation to join the workforce). Four cross-cultural themes emerged: conceptualising care; objects and subjects of care; recognising the challenges of care; and appreciating care work. Discussed in relation to Tronto’s analysis of care, these themes illuminate Generation Z’s commitment to care and highlight the need for organisational and political action to attract young people to care careers.
Photosynthetic spectral response curves of saffron leaves
Authors: Ji Xinyu , Gao Dan , Pei Weizhong , Zhang Xue , Li Fusheng , Han Qiuyi , Zhang Shanduan
Published: October 2021

Saffron (Crocus sativusL.) is an herb with outstanding medicinal functions and commercial value. Light is an important factor in plant growth, and the sensitivity of plant photosynthesis to light quality can be characterized by photosynthetic spectral response curves. This study aims to measure the spectral response curves of saffron leaves so as to provide theoretical guidance for a supplemental lighting spectrum to increase saffron production. The measurement results show the peaks of spectral response curves of saffron leaves are at 480 nm and 660 nm, which provides a reference for the peak wavelengths of supplemental lighting spectrum. Full-spectrum white light with low color temperature or red light mixed with a little blue light might be most beneficial for saffron biomass accumulation.
Dynamic light scattering from single macroscopic particles
Authors: Dossow Lisa , Kessler Raphael , Sperl Matthias , Born Philip
Published: October 2021

Here we present a methodology to characterize the light intensity fluctuations that arise from rotations of individual granular particles. We describe a setup for dynamic light scattering measurements on individual macroscopic particles and isolate the contribution from rotations of the individual particles to the obtained correlation functions. The results show that rotation of granular particles results in a significant contribution to scattered light intensity fluctuations, a phenomenon not considered so far in dynamic light scattering measurements on fluidized granular media. The results presented here may thus form the basis for an extended light scattering methodology for granular media, and improve the selection of granular particles according to their dynamic light scattering signal.
Wide Field-of-view Achromatic Metalenses
Authors: Yang Fan , Shalaginov Mikhail , An Sensong , Zhang Hualiang , Rivero-Baleine Clara , Gu Tian , Hu Juejun
Published: October 2021

A flat fisheye metalens with near-180˚ diffraction-limited field-of-view (FOV) was experimentally realized. We present an analytical solution for wide-FOV flat lenses and demonstrate a general design method for broadband achromatic and wide-FOV metalenses.
Infrared Programmable Nanophotonics Based on In3SbTe2
Authors: Heßler Andreas , Taubner Thomas
Published: October 2021

The infrared plasmonic phase-change material In3SbTe2 (IST) can be switched between dielectric and metallic. It allows optical, reversible writing of plasmonic antennas for resonance tuning, tunable absorbers, and nanoscale screening and soldering.
Sensitivity analysis and tolerancing of Mid Wave IR metalenses
Authors: Penninck Lieven , Woestenborghs Wouter
Published: October 2021

We analyze the sensitivity of mid IR metalenses to fabrication imperfections. We simulate the sensitivity of lens performance to imperfections in the fabrication of meta-atoms such as over/under etching, structure dimensions, and film thickness.
Phase Contrast Imaging with Multiwavelength Achromatic Spiral Metalens
Authors: Kim Youngjin , Kim Changhyun , Lee Byoungho
Published: October 2021

We propose a multiwavelength achromatic spiral metalens by superposing three different fields of the lens having combined phase profile of hyperbolic and spiral phases. The spiral metalens performs the phase contrast imaging with a small form factor.
Compact Incoherent Spatial Frequency Filtering and Image Differentiation Enabled by Metalens Engineering
Authors: Hazineh Dean S. , Guo Qi , Shi Zhujun , Zickler Todd , Capasso Federico
Published: October 2021

A metalens opto-electronic camera for spatial frequency filtering under inco- herent illumination is introduced. By inverse-designing the phase on the metasurface, near arbitrarily structured 2D filters are realized for depth-invariant operation.
Imaging properties of large field-of-view quadratic metalenses and their applications to fingerprint detection
Authors: Lassalle Emmanuel , Mass Tobias W. W. , Eschimese Damien , Baranikov Anton V. , Khaidarov Egor , Li Shiqiang , Paniagua-Dominguez Ramon , Kuznetsov Arseniy I.
Published: October 2021

We provide an in-depth analysis of the properties of quadratic metalenses for large field-of-view imaging and, in particular, apply these considerations to the fingerprint detection problem.
Exploiting Metamaterial Characteristics for Computational Imaging
Authors: Mait Joseph N. , Athale Ravindra A. , van der Gracht Joseph , Euliss Gary W.
Published: October 2021

The potential exists for new optical technologies to impact computational sensor design. We consider in a formal manner the potential impact of metamaterials.
Design of freeform illumination optics by deconvolving the blur from extended sources
Authors: Wei Shili , Zhu Zhengbo , Li Wenyi , Ma Donglin
Published: October 2021

We develop a design method that transforms the illumination design for extended sources to an ideal source problem combined with spatially variant deconvolution, which enables compact and efficient illumination lenses with high optical performance.
A Novel Selective Carrier Modulation Technique to Form a Planar Metal Oxide Metasurface
Authors: Sun Kai , Xiao Wei , Zeimpekis Ioannis , Simeoni Mirko , Urbani Alessandro , Gaspari Matteo , Mengali Sandro , Indiveri Ivano , Alpat Behcet , Kildebro Lars , Aizpurua Javier , Hewak Dan , (Kees) de Groot C.H. , Muskens Otto L.
Published: October 2021

Metasurface devices are conventionally fabricated by physically patterning the functional film. We demonstrated a novel fabrication technique to selectively modulate Al-doped ZnO carrier concentration of planar film and form a planar optical metasurface.
Parameter Space for Highly Efficient Metasurfaces with E-Beam Lithography in NIR
Authors: Martinez-Llinas Jade , Johansen Villads Egede , Elesin Yuriy , Quaade Ulrich
Published: October 2021

We investigate the material parameter requirements to fabricate efficient meta- surfaces with e-beam lithography in the NIR: minimum refractive index, minimum aspect ratio and maximum residual layer thickness values needed to reach efficiencies higher than 85%.
Chalcogenide Glass-Ceramics for Lightweight Aberration-Minimized Infrared Gradient Refractive Index Flat Media
Authors: Kang Myungkoo , Osborne Ross , Blanco Cesar , Martin Isabelle , Francois-Saint-Cyr Hugues , Rivero-Baleine Clara , Richardson Kathleen A.
Published: October 2021

We utilize a combination of novel chalcogenide nanocomposites and photo/thermal processes to create gradient refractive index profiles, employing a three-dimensional metrology for the creation of lightweight aberration-minimized infrared flat lenses.
Beam steering with the enhanced semiconductor-based metamaterial hyperprism
Authors: Gric Tatjana , Rafailov Edik
Published: October 2021

A semiconductor-based hyperprism structure is presented aiming to seek for the optical switching and beam steering functions. Engineering the doping level of the semiconductor, the beam steering system reaches an adjustable angle of 1.4 rad.
A dielectric metasurface-polarimeter for single-shot detection of arbitrary polarization states
Authors: Shah Yash D. , Grant James P. , Altuzarra Charles , Lyons Ashley , Faccio Daniele
Published: October 2021

We present a dielectric metasurface using an asymmetric design that exploits exotic multipolar interactions forming polarisation-dependent resonant eigenmodes. We ex- perimentally demonstrate single-shot full-state polarimetry.
Fast fabrication of optomechanical mounts using additive manufacturing
Authors: Elías-García Alejandro , Hernandez-Martinez Carlos Andrés , Esqueda-Almanza Raúĺ , Rojas-Santana Arturo , Sánchez-Osorio Ismael
Published: October 2021

We present a fast and cost-effective prototyping method, based on additive manufacturing, for optomechanical components and outline an application to fluorescence sensing and optical density measurements in bacterial cell cultures.
Multimode Surface Lattice Resonance Hybridization
Authors: Lim Theng Loo , Reshef Orad , Bin-Alam M. Saad , Huttunen Mikko J. , Dolgaleva Ksenia , Boyd Robert W.
Published: October 2021

We present a design for a plasmonic metasurface based on surface lattice resonances that features multiple pre-defined resonances. The resonance wavelengths are determined using inverse Fourier transforms of the particle positions.
Deep Learning for Engineering Optical Scattering from Plasmonic Nanostructures
Authors: Baxter Joshua , Desautels Julien , Lesina Antonio Calà , Berini Pierre , Ramunno Lora
Published: October 2021

Deep learning is used for predicting scattered radiation patterns from arbitrarily- shaped individual plasmonic nanoparticles, to predict scattered colours produced by plasmonic metasurfaces, and for the inverse problem – designing plasmonic metasurfaces to produce desired scattering properties.
Design Method of Imaging Optics Using Phase Elements with Flat/Freeform-Surface-Based Geometric Substrate
Authors: Yang Tong , Duan Yingzhe , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian
Published: October 2021

We proposed the design method of imaging optics using phase elements with flat and/or freeform surface substrate. Good starting points can be generated using point-by-point design and subsequent optimization is applied to get final results.
Fringe Projection Metrology for Thermoformed Millimeter Wave Freeform Optical Elements
Authors: Berkson Joel , Rodriguez Emily , Hatfield Zack , Peter Alex St. , Nguyen Naomi , Allen Bailey , Ellis Wyatt , Davila-Peralta Christian , Hyatt Justin , Kim Dae Wook
Published: October 2021

University of Arizona scientists have developed an efficient method of thermoforming panels for millimeter wave freeform antenna applications. We’ve implemented stereo fringe projection metrology to characterize these panels to 40µm RMS accuracy.
Enhanced Freeform Measurements by Use of a Scanning Multi-Wavelength Interferometer
Authors: Wendel Marc
Published: October 2021

A scanning point interferometer, basing on a multi-wavelength approach, is presented. Its capability and flexibility in freeform measurements is outlined, as well as recently improved measurement accuracy by a new calibration strategy.
A Freeform Based Hyperspectral Imager For Moisture Sensing of Soils
Authors: Graham Christopher , Girkin John M. , Bourgenot Cyril
Published: October 2021

We present FYMOS, an all-aluminum, robust, light weight Freeform based hY- perspectral imager for MOisture Sensing. FYMOS has been purposely designed to remotely measure moisture content with an InGaAs sensor, using spectral features in the SWIR.
Comparison of DD-LMS and CMMA in 60GBaud PDM-PAM-4 PON Utilizing Heterodyne Coherent Detection
Authors: Lai Daoning , Chen Hongxian , Wang Xiaowu , Sui Qi , Li Fan
Published: October 2021

DD-LMS and CMMA equalizer are compared in 60GBaud PDM-PAM4 heterodyne detection PON. With lower computational complexity, DD-LMS scheme gets similar performance compared with CMMA scheme. The power budgets after 40-km SSMF transmission of DD-LMS and CMMA are 35-dB and 35.5-dB, respectively.
Reinforcement Learning Enabled Energy-Efficient vBBU Pre-Migration in Cloud-Fog based Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Guan Luyao , Wang Danshi , Zhang Min , Zhang Chunyu , Zhang Zhendong
Published: October 2021

We propose a reinforcement learning enabled energy-efficient vBBU pre-migration in cloud-fog based elastic optical network. The results show scheme can efficiently reduce energy consumption by 8.52% under the premise of ensuring quality of service.
Modulation Format Recognition based on Transfer Learning for Visible Light Communication Systems
Authors: Zhao Zhenquan , Wei Zixian , Wang Zhaoming , Zhang Yuan , Li Mutong , Khan Faisal Nadeem , Fu H. Y.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a novel modulation format recognition method using transfer learning for OFDM-VLC systems. The proposed AlexNet/GoogLeNet-TL-based scheme significantly improves recognition accuracy over a large SNR range in practical scenarios with small training datasets available.
A Concentrating Photovoltaic Array Based on Transmitting Energy Fiber with Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid Power-over-Fiber System
Authors: Li Yuemei , Xiao Ziyang , Zhang Zhiguo , Li Luming
Published: October 2021

Based on the high laser power density energy transmitted by optical fiber, a high-power photovoltaic array with waste heat collection is proposed. The output power of the system reached 76.76 W.
Optimal Network Synchronization Algorithm for Stable Radio Frequency Dissemination in Distributed Application
Authors: Zhu Jian , Guo Bingli , Liang Jing , Zhong Xiangyang , Huang Shanguo
Published: October 2021

The optimal network synchronization algorithm(ONSA) based on tree topology is proposed for stable RF reference synchronization in distributed applications. Simulation results approve that ONSA provides the ability to support synchronization with the minimum total phase time delay budget.
Photonics-aided PAM-4 Wireless Transmission at 100 GHz based on Phase Insensitive Heterodyne Coherent Detection
Authors: Xu Weiliang , Zhang Jiao , Zhu Min , Wang Jikuan , Liu Xiang , Zhou Qingyi , Li Qinru , Tong Weidong , Hua Bingchang , Cai Yuancheng , Lei Mingzheng , Zou Yucong , Li Aijie
Published: October 2021

We have intensively simulated PAM-4 signal transmission at 100 GHz using intensity modulation and phase-insensitive heterodyne coherent detection. This comprehensive simulation can provide significant guidance for photonics-aided THz-wave electro-optical components design.
Design of a Novel Bow-Tie Polarization Ring-Core Few-Mode Fiber for MIMO-Free MDM System
Authors: Yang Tongxin , Zhang Hu , Xi Lixia , Yang Jingxuan , Chen Ze , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: October 2021

We design a novel polarization-maintaining few-mode ring-core fiber utilizing bow-tie air holes supporting 14 guided modes for MIMO-free MDM system. The minimum effective refractive index differences is 1.6 × 10-4 between channels over C+L band.
Low Phase Noise X-Band Frequency Synthesizer Based on a Phase-Locked Brillouin Optoelectronic Oscillator
Authors: Peng Huanfa , Lei Peng , Xie Xiaopeng , Chen Zhangyuan
Published: October 2021

An X-band frequency synthesizer utilizing a phase-locked optoelectronic oscillator based on the deamplification of stimulated Brillouin scattering is experimentally demonstrated. Phase noise of -125dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset and frequency resolution of 8Hz are achieved.
Coherent and Octave-Spanning Supercontinuum Generations in a Polarization-Insensitive Reverse-Ridge AlGaAs Waveguide
Authors: Zhang Luqi , Yuan Jinhui , Wang Kuiru , Zhou Xian , Yan Binbin , Wu Qiang , Sang Xinzhu , Long Keping , Yu Chongxiu
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose a polarization-insensitive AlGaAs waveguide. For both quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes, the coherent supercontinuums, which span more than 1.95 octaves at −40 dB level, can be generated at mid-infrared spectral region.
Enhancing performance of planar thin-film silicon solar cell using TiO2 ARC and luminescent down-shifting layers
Authors: Chiu Wei-Chih , Ho Wen-Jeng , Liu Jheng-Jie
Published: October 2021

In this study, various dimeters of luminescent shifting phosphor particles deposited on a thin-film solar cell with a TiO2 anti-reflection layer were characterized in term of optical reflectance, external quantum efficiency and photovoltaic current density-voltage.
Exceptional points and non-chiral mode conversion of hybrid-modes in a manifold coupled planar waveguide
Authors: Paul Anubhav , Laha Arnab , Dey Sibnath , Ghosh Somnath
Published: October 2021

We report emergence of multiple exceptional points (EPs) in a gain-loss assisted 1D planar four coupled optical waveguide system supporting four hybrid-modes. Performing different encirclement schemes, we establish the non-chiral optical-mode conversion of the hybrid-modes.
Performance Characterization of High-Speed InAlAs Avalanche Photodiode with Double Passivation
Authors: Wu Meng-Chien , Ho Wen-Jeng , Liu Jheng-Jie , Yu Chia-Chun , Li Yen-Chu
Published: October 2021

We fabricated high speed InAlAs avalanche photodiode without guard ring. It demonstrated the dark current of 1.9 nA and capacitance of 0.16 pF at 0.9 Vbr, and f3-dB of 10 GHz under different incident optical-powers.
Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Estimation from MZI-BCG Signal Based on Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Zeng Huaili , Xu Wei , Dong Bo , Yu Changyuan , Zhao Wei , Wang Yishan , Sun Wenye
Published: October 2021

An algorithm is proposed in this paper to estimate the beat-to-beat heart rate based on BCG signal derived from Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with hierarchical clustering and matched-filtering.
A Novel D-type Stampli Photonic Quasicrystal Fiber Terahertz Refractive Index Sensor
Authors: Aruna Gandhi M. S. , Li Qian
Published: October 2021

The proposed D-type photonic quasicrystal fiber-based sensor in terahertz region achieves maximum relative sensitivity of 32% with ultralow loss 2.71×10-14 cm-1 at 1.4 THz desirable for terahertz applications.
A terahertz photonic imaging radar system based on inverse synthetic aperture technique
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Lu Zijie , Zhang Hongqi , Zhang Lu , Qiao Mengyao , Idrees Nazar , Saqlain Muhammad , Zheng Shilie , Jin Xiaofeng , Zhang Xianmin , Yu Xianbin
Published: October 2021

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a terahertz (THz) imaging radar system based on microwave photonics and inverse synthetic aperture technique, achieving a high imaging resolution of 7 mm×7 mm at 324 GHz.
Silicon-based integration of optical pulse waveform analyzer
Authors: Makino M. , Kurahashi T. , Shukla V. , Kamikawa R. , Kaihori Y. , Yamasaki Y. , Konishi T.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate silicon-based integration of an optical pulse waveform analyzer using a pulse-induced nonlinear spectral change which succeeded in reconstruction of an optical pulse waveform reflected by a slight chirp change in an optical pulse.
Accurate Prediction via Artificial Neural Network of OSNR Penalty Induced by Non-uniform WSS Filtering
Authors: Minakhmetov Arthur , Zami Thierry , Lavigne Bruno , Ghazisaeidi Amirhossein
Published: October 2021

We report fast and accurate prediction of filtering-induced OSNR penalty using artificial neural network trained on millions of samples, for optical channels featuring various symbol rates and modulation formats, crossing up to 30 WSS filters.
Data Analytics and Unsupervised Learning Enabled Proactive Maintenance for Optical Transceivers in Hyperscale Data Centers
Authors: Wang Chunxiao , Wang Lei , Wang Zhicheng , Chen Qin , Wang Peng , Lu Rui , Xie Chongjin
Published: October 2021

Proactive maintenance practice for in-field optical transceivers with the help of data analytics and unsupervised learning is presented. 94% of optical transceivers labeled by the proposed one-class SVM to be high-risk have obvious abnormalities.
Extending L-band to 1625nm with Er/P/Ce Co-doped Silicate Fiber
Authors: Lou Yang , Chen Yang , Gu Zhimu , Qiu Qiang , Shi Chanjuan , He Le , Xing Yingbin , Chu Yingbo , Peng Jinggang , Li Haiqing , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: October 2021

We report a novel Er/P/Ce co-doped silicate fiber for extending L-band amplification. The P5+ and Ce3+ were introduced to redshift and narrow the signal excited state absorption to extend L-band gain bandwidth to 1625nm(tel: +86 18672321389, e-mail: ybc@hust.edu.cn).
Granulated Silica Segmented Cladding Fiber for Optical Communication
Authors: Pournoury Marzieh , Lee Yong Soo , Kim Donghyun , Oh Kyunghwan
Published: October 2021

Design and fabrication of a segmented cladding fiber (SCF) which is a large mode area fiber with granulated silica based on stacking and two-time drawing technique is proposed in this article.
Inversely designed four mode fiber with equalized zero dispersion for short reach MDM optical communication
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Du Jiangbing , Ye Baining , He Zhiqin , Xu Ke , He Zuyuan
Published: October 2021

A four-mode fiber with equalized zero dispersion is inversely designed by using neural-network for supporting short reach MIMOless and CDCless MDM optical communication. Only 0.017 standard deviation of dispersion at zero-dispersion-wavelength of 1550nm is achieved.
Low-DMD Ladder Fiber with Dual-Step Trench-Assisted Structure
Authors: Sun Honglin , Yang Zhiqun , Wang Xutao , Liu Yaping , Yu Huang , Peng Chuyu , Zhang Lin
Published: October 2021

We design and fabricate a dual-step trench-assisted 4-LP ladder fiber with low differential mode delay over the C-band, which is reduced by ~20 times when maintaining equal index differences between adjacent mode groups.
Integrated Mid-Infrared Photonics Toward Chip-Scale Sensing Systems
Authors: Lee Chengkuo , Ma Yiming , Dong Bowei
Published: October 2021

We develop passive and active mid-infrared silicon photonic components and demonstrate on-chip gas sensing, paving the way toward chip-scale sensing systems. We also develop aluminum nitride photonics to complement silicon photonics and wearable technology.
Comparison of Dispersion Pre-compensation Based Double Sideband and KK Receiver Based Single Sideband Signal
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhu Yixiao , Hu Weisheng
Published: October 2021

We compare the transmission performance of 112Gb/s/λ DSB and SSB signals through simulation. The transmission reach, receiver sensitivity, PAPR, central frequency and edge steepness of OBPF, ADC and DAC resolution are investigated, respectively.