bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Introducing Remote Sensing Soil Moisture in Calibrating a Distributed Hydrological Model for Streamflow Simulation
Authors: Xiong Lihua , Zeng Ling
Published: April 2019

With the increased availability of remote sensing products, more hydrological variables (e.g., soil moisture and evapotranspiration) other than streamflow data are introduced into the calibration procedure of a hydrological model. However, how the incorporation of these hydrological variables influences the calibration results remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the impact of remote sensing soil moisture data in the joint calibration of a distributed hydrological model. The investigation was carried out in Qujiang and Ganjiang catchments in southern China, where the Dem-based Distributed Rainfall-runoff Model (DDRM) was calibrated under different calibration schemes where the streamflow data and the remote sensing soil moisture are assigned to different weights in the objective function. The remote sensing soil moisture data are from the SMAP L3 soil moisture product. The results show that different weights of soil moisture in the objective function can lead to very slight differences in simulation performance of soil moisture and streamflow. Besides, the joint calibration shows no apparent advantages in terms of streamflow simulation over the traditional calibration using streamflow data only. More studies including various remote sensing soil moisture products are necessary to access their effect on the joint calibration.
Water–Energy–Food Nexus Simulation: An Optimization Approach for Resource Security
Authors: Wicaksono Albert , Jeong Gimoon , Kang Doosun
Published: April 2019

The water–energy–food nexus (WEF nexus) concept is a novel approach to manage limited resources. Since 2011, a number of studies were conducted to develop computer simulation models quantifying the interlinkage among water, energy, and food sectors. Advancing a nationwide WEF nexus simulation model (WEFSiM) previously developed by the authors, this study proposes an optimization module (WEFSiM-opt) to assist stakeholders in making informed decisions concerning sustainable resource management. Both single- and multi-objective optimization modules were developed to maximize the user reliability index (URI) for water, energy, and food sectors by optimizing the priority index and water allocation decisions. In this study, the developed models were implemented in Korea to determine optimal resource allocation and management decisions under a plausible drought scenario. This study suggests that the optimization approach can advance WEF nexus simulation and provide better solutions for managing limited resources. It is anticipated that the proposed WEFSiM-opt can be utilized as a decision support tool for designing resource management plans.
Seasonal Effect on Spatial and Temporal Consistency of the New GPM-Based IMERG-v5 and GSMaP-v7 Satellite Precipitation Estimates in Brazil’s Central Plateau Region
Authors: Salles Leandro , Satgé Frédéric , Roig Henrique , Almeida Tati , Olivetti Diogo , Ferreira Welber
Published: April 2019

This study assesses the performance of the new Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)-based satellite precipitation estimates (SPEs) datasets in the Brazilian Central Plateau and compares it with the previous Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM)-era datasets. To do so, the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)-v5 and the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP)-v7 were evaluated at their original 0.1° spatial resolution and for a 0.25° grid for comparison with TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA). The assessment was made on an annual, monthly, and daily basis for both wet and dry seasons. Overall, IMERG presents the best annual and monthly results. In both time steps, IMERG’s precipitation estimations present bias with lower magnitudes and smaller root-mean-square error. However, GSMaP performs slightly better for the daily time step based on categorical and quantitative statistical analysis. Both IMERG and GSMaP estimates are seasonally influenced, with the highest difficulty in estimating precipitation occurring during the dry season. Additionally, the study indicates that GPM-based SPEs products are capable of continuing TRMM-based precipitation monitoring with similar or even better accuracy than obtained previously with the widely used TMPA product.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Water Table Depth Associated with Changing Agricultural Land Use in an Arid Zone Oasis
Authors: Ainiwaer Mireguli , Ding Jianli , Wang Jingjie , Nasierding Nasiman
Published: April 2019

Investigating spatiotemporal dynamics and varying relationships between water table depth (WTD) and land use changes is critical for efficient groundwater management and land use planning in arid zones. The primary objective of the present study is to combine satellite and field measured data to quantitatively analyze variations in WTD and its relationship with land use change in the Ogan–Kucha River Oasis in the northwest arid zones of China, and reveal the spatial heterogeneity and variations in the abovementioned relationship at spatiotemporal scales. The spatiotemporal variations in WTD and land use change at different time intervals (1997–2007, 2007–2017, and 1997–2017) were analyzed based on geostatistical analysis methods and grid cell approaches. The relationships between land use types and changes in WTD were assessed using correlation and ordinary least square analyses. The relationships between spatiotemporal variations in WTD and land use change were explored using local level geographically weighted regression. The results indicated that influences of human activity on the variation of WTD have gradually increased, and that WTD has declined rapidly in most parts of the study area. The spatial distribution of WTD exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and WTD was lower in the inner parts of the oasis and shallower in the oasis-desert ecotone. The WTD decline rates in the irrigation area were much higher than those in the oasis-desert ecotone. The cultivated land area has expanded markedly, whereas the shrub covered area has shrunk rapidly. Changes in WTD were positively correlated with changes in cultivated land area, and the expansion center of cultivated land has gradually moved from upstream of the alluvial fan to downstream of the alluvial fan and to the oasis-desert ecotone. The relationships between changes in cultivated land and WTD in the ecotone were more prominent than those in the inner parts of the oasis. Therefore, agricultural land expansion and planning in the study area should be integrated based on spatiotemporal changes in the groundwater depth to maintain the stability of groundwater systems and sustainable groundwater exploitation.
Quantification of the Evaporation Rates from Six Types of Wetland Cover in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Jiménez-Rodríguez César Dionisio , Esquivel-Vargas Catalina , Coenders-Gerrits Miriam , Sasa-Marín Mahmood
Published: April 2019

The hydrology of tropical seasonal wetlands is affected by changes in the land cover. Changes from open water towards a vegetated cover imply an increase in the total evaporation flux, which includes the evaporation from open water bodies and the transpiration from vegetated surfaces. This study quantified the total evaporation flux of six covers of the Palo Verde wetland during dry season. The selected wetland covers were dominated by Neptunia natans (L.f.) Druce, Thalia geniculata L., Typha dominguensis Pers., Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, a mixture of these species, and open water conditions. The plants were collected from the wetland and placed in lysimeters (59.1 L) built from plastic containers. The lysimeters were located in an open area near the meteorological station of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS). The evaporated water volume and meteorological data were collected between December 2012–January 2013. A completely randomized design was applied to determine the total evaporation (E), reference evaporation ( E ref , Penman-Monteith method) and crop coefficient ( K c ) for all the covers. T. geniculata (E: 17.0 mm d − 1 , K c : 3.43) and open water (E: 8.2 mm d − 1 , K c : 1.65) showed the highest and lowest values respectively, for daily evaporation and crop coefficient. Results from the ANOVA indicate that E. crassipes and N. natans were statistically different (p = 0.05) from T. dominguensis and the species mixture, while the water and T. geniculata showed significant differences with regard to other plant covers. These results indicate that the presence of emergent macrophytes as T. geniculata and T. dominguensis will increase the evaporation flux during dry season more than the floating macrophytes or open water surfaces.
Mathematical Model of Ammonium Nitrogen Transport to Runoff with Different Slope Gradients under Simulated Rainfall
Authors: Xing Weimin , Yang Peiling , Ao Chang , Ren Shumei , Xu Yao
Published: April 2019

The removal of nutrients by overland flow remains a major source of non-point pollution in agricultural land. In this study, a mathematical model of ammonium nitrogen transport from soil solution to overland flow was established. The model treated the mass transfer coefficient (km) as a time-dependent parameter, which was not a constant value as in previous studies, and it was evaluated with a four-slope gradient and three rainfall intensities. The kinematic-wave equation for overland flow was solved by an approximately semi-analytical solution based on Philip’s infiltration model, while the diffusion-based mass conversation equation for overland nutrient transport was solved numerically. The results showed that the simulated runoff processes and ammonium nitrogen concentration transport to the overland flow agreed well with the experimental data. Further correlation analyses were made to determine the relationships between the slope gradient, rainfall intensity and the hydraulic and nutrient transport parameters. It turned out that these parameters could be described as a product of exponential functions of slope gradient and rainfall intensity. Finally, a diffusion-based model with a time-dependent mass transfer coefficient was established to predict the ammonium nitrogen transport processes at the experimental site under different slope gradients and rainfall intensities.
ANÁLISIS PROSPECTIVO DEL PROCESO DE RECONVERSIÓN EN LA COMUNIDAD SOSOTE, MANABÍ, ECUADOR
Authors: Jalil Vélez Nadya Judafeet , Roque Doval Yamila , Paz Enrique Luis Ernesto
Published: April 2019

La prospectiva es la disciplina que se encarga de predecir hecho futuros. El uso de la prospectiva puede modificar hechos que ocurrirán develando oportunidades y potencialidades. En la comunidad de Sosote, Manabí, Ecuador; se está realizando un proceso de reconversión social espontáneo el cual es necesario analizar prospectivamente. En la literatura científica producida en el Ecuador y específicamente en Manabí, no existen referencias sobre estudios vinculados al proceso de reconversión social. Se plantea como objetivo del estudio: identificar las tendencias de reconversión social en la comunidad de Sosote, Manabí; a través de un análisis prospectivo. Para la obtención de resultados se emplean métodos en los niveles teórico y empírico, esencialmente el método prospectivo. Se identifica la participación y la asociación gremial como las formas en las que puede alcanzarse un verdadero desarrollo comunitario.
LAS RADIOS UNIVERSITARIAS EN MANABÍ: EXPERIENCIAS Y ADAPTACIÓN AL ESCENARIO DE LA CONVERGENCIA DIGITAL
Authors: Trámpuz Juan Pablo , Vélez Bermello Gabriela , Mendoza Bravo Jhonny
Published: April 2019

Las cinco instituciones de Educación Superior de la provincia de Manabí han incursionado en el ámbito de los medios de comunicación social, siendo la radio el principal actor. Esta situación, ha generado una serie de experiencias diversas y enriquecedoras para los miembros de sus comunidades educativas; algo que, hasta la fecha, poco se ha estudiado. El presente trabajo profundiza en estas prácticas, con la finalidad de identificar y describir los modelos, funciones y su adaptación al escenario de la convergencia digital. Con este propósito, se aplicaron entrevistas estructuradas a los directores o responsables de los medios radiales universitarios de Manabí y se analizó sus plataformas digitales disponibles; evidenciando que cada universidad ha desarrollado sus propios medios de acuerdo a su relación con los procesos de formación, el contexto, las necesidades y limitantes institucionales; asimismo, se constató una lenta y dispar adaptación de las radios universitarias manabitas al ciberespacio, sobre lo cual, se debe poner mayor énfasis para potenciarlas como escenarios de aprendizaje y actores mediáticos en el contexto regional, nacional y global.
ATIVIDADES DE CAPACITAÇÃO PARA AS EDUCADORAS DA CLASSE DE INICIAÇÃO NO CUIDADO E PRESERVAÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE, LUNDA NORTE, ANGOLA
Authors: Márquez Lizaso Rolando , Benavides Jeovanny , Beatriz Paulo Daurino , Alonso Porro Karely
Published: April 2019

Na Classe de Iniciação na Angola (Pré-escolar), os conteúdos relacionados com a Educação Ambiental podem ser abordados em diferentes momentos do processo de ensino-aprendizagem através das diferentes áreas de desenvolvimento. Como resultado da pesquisa inicial apreciou-se um problema: Como contribuir para a preparação e capacitação das educadoras na Classe de Iniciação no cuidado e preservação do Meio ambiente? Na solução do referido problema declara-se como objetivo geral: Elaborar um sistema de atividades de capacitação para as educadoras da Classe de Iniciação para a contribuição na Educação Ambiental dos meninos das Escolas de Lunda Norte, Angola. Para a realização da investigação, oferecem-se os métodos tais como análise - síntese, indução - dedução, e sistémico – estrutural – funcional entre outros. Também as entrevistas e as pesquisas foram aplicadas às educadoras selecionadas como amostra.
Concepción Ecocrítica y educación ambiental desde la comprensión de textos poéticos
Authors: Acosta Gómez Israel , Águila Consuegra Maritza Esther , Suárez Meana José Manuel , Sarduy Sangil Dayami
Published: April 2019

El correcto empleo de la actividad creadora es una solución potencial para el desarrollo de la ecocrítica en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas a través de la lectura y comprensión de textos, estimulando la creatividad de los estudiantes. Con su aplicación se consigue una comprensión del texto más profunda. Se ha revelado que las mayores carencias en el uso del lenguaje oral y escrito, están a partir de la poca creatividad y autonomía del estudiante para erigir un texto diferente. Los docentes para fomentar una actitud reflexiva y crítica ante el texto de tema medioambiental deben utilizar la creatividad de sus estudiantes para incidir y subrayar el papel del profesorado y de sus materiales y estrategias didácticas que contribuyan a la crítica literaria dedicada al estudio, a la representación del medio ambiente en las lecturas, como representaciones del imaginario que deben comprender y modificar desde su praxis. Es por tal motivo que el presente artículo tiene como objetivo: proponer el análisis-comprensión de un poema, que desde el trabajo con el texto poético, propicie la creatividad, como respuesta afectiva del estudiante ante el texto de tema medioambiental.
Wubs-Mrozewicz, Justyna. "Conflict Management and Interdisciplinary History." Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis 15.1 (2018): 89-107.
Authors: Mrozewicz Justyna Wubs-
Published: April 2019

This article advances the idea that the concept of conflict resolution, which is usual in social, economic, political and legal history of premodern Europe and in the social sciences in general, is too goal-oriented and therefore unsatisfactory for the analyses of conflicts. Instead, a problem-oriented concept of conflict management is proposed. It consists of prevention, provocation, maintenance of the status quo, escalation and de-escalation, as well as resolution. Such a concept allows to analyse multi-level conflicts (individual, group, large-scale) pertaining diverse yet interrelated issues. This article shows how it will be used to analyse contentious issues which are related to mercantile cities in premodern cities in northern Europe (1350-1570), in a recently granted NWO VIDI project.
REDUCING THE DEVELOPMENT GAPS BETWEEN REGIONS IN POLAND WITH THE USE OF EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS
Authors: Czudec Adam , Kata Ryszard , Wosiek Małgorzata
Published: April 2019

The paper evaluates the processes of regional income convergence in Poland. This new research approach involves an attempt to assess the process of convergence from the point of view of development gaps. Six key development gaps were considered in the region of Eastern Poland, which is a singular case, significantly different from other regions. A dynamic panel data model was applied to investigate the impact of EU funds on the progress made towards closing these development gaps. Among the analysed development gaps, only the structural gap was not reduced in the period 2004–2015. Studies have also revealed the different impact of structural funds on each category of development gaps (a positive impact on reducing the regional transport accessibility gap and the investment gap, but negative – on reducing the innovation gap). Research has suggested the need for a change in the structure of using EU funds in the period 2014–2020 to favour stronger support for entrepreneurship and the creation of new jobs. Greater stimulation of the economic structure of peripheral regions has been proposed as the prerequisite for the future reduction in the discrepancies between regions and for the intensification of convergence.
Detection of a Low-frequency Cosmic Radio Transient Using Two LWA Stations
Authors: Varghese S. S. , Obenberger K. S. , Dowell J. , Taylor G. B.
Published: April 2019

We report the detection of a potential cosmic radio transient source using the two stations of the Long Wavelength Array. The transient was detected on 2017 October 18 08:47 UTC near the celestial equator while reducing 10,240 hr of archival all-sky images from the LWA1 and LWA-SV stations. The detected transient at 34 MHz has a duration of 15–20 s and a flux density of 842 ± 116 Jy at LWA1 and 830 ± 92 Jy at LWA-SV. The transient source has not repeated, and its nature is not well understood. The Pan-STARRS optical telescope has detected a supernova that occurred on the edge of the position error circle of the transient on the same day.
The R-Process Alliance: Discovery of a Low-α, r-process-enhanced Metal-poor Star in the Galactic Halo
Authors: Sakari Charli M. , Roederer Ian U. , Placco Vinicius M. , Beers Timothy C. , Ezzeddine Rana , Frebel Anna , Hansen Terese , Sneden Christopher , Cowan John J. , Wallerstein George , Farrell Elizabeth M. , Venn Kim A. , Matijevič Gal , Wyse Rosemary F. G. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Chiappini Cristina , Freeman Kenneth C. , Gibson Brad K. , Grebel Eva K. , Helmi Amina , Kordopatis Georges , Kunder Andrea , Navarro Julio , Reid Warren , Seabroke George , Steinmetz Matthias , Watson Fred
Published: April 2019

A new moderately r-process-enhanced metal-poor star, RAVE J093730.5−062655, has been identified in the Milky Way halo as part of an ongoing survey by the R-Process Alliance. The temperature and surface gravity indicate that J0937−0626 is likely a horizontal branch star. At [Fe/H] = −1.86, J0937−0626 is found to have subsolar [X/Fe] ratios for nearly every light, α, and Fe-peak element. The low [α/Fe] ratios can be explained by an ∼0.6 dex excess of Fe; J0937−0626 is therefore similar to the subclass of “iron-enhanced” metal-poor stars. A comparison with Milky Way field stars at [Fe/H] = −2.5 suggests that J0937−0626 was enriched in material from an event, possibly a Type Ia supernova, that created a significant amount of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni and smaller amounts of Ca, Sc, Ti, and Zn. The r-process enhancement of J0937−0626 is likely due to a separate event, which suggests that its birth environment was highly enriched in r-process elements. The kinematics of J0937−0626, based on Gaia DR2 data, indicate a retrograde orbit in the Milky Way halo; J0937−0626 was therefore likely accreted from a dwarf galaxy that had significant r-process enrichment.
The Green Bank Ammonia Survey: A Virial Analysis of Gould Belt Clouds in Data Release 1
Authors: Kerr Ronan , Kirk Helen , Di Francesco James , Keown Jared , Chen Mike , Rosolowsky Erik , Offner Stella S. R. , Friesen Rachel , Pineda Jaime E. , Shirley Yancy , Redaelli Elena , Caselli Paola , Punanova Anna , Seo Youngmin , Alves Felipe , Chacón-Tanarro Ana , How-Huan Chen Hope
Published: April 2019

We perform a virial analysis of starless dense cores in three nearby star-forming regions: L1688 in Ophiuchus, NGC 1333 in Perseus, and B18 in Taurus. Our analysis takes advantage of comprehensive kinematic information for the dense gas in all of these regions made publicly available through the Green Bank Ammonia Survey Data Release 1, which is used to estimate internal support against collapse. We combine this information with ancillary data used to estimate other important properties of the cores, including continuum data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope Gould Belt Survey for core identification, core masses, and core sizes. Additionally, we used Planck- and Herschel-based column density maps for external cloud weight pressure and Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory 13CO observations for external turbulent pressure. Our self-consistent analysis suggests that many dense cores in all three star-forming regions are not bound by gravity alone, but rather require additional pressure confinement to remain bound. Unlike a recent, similar study in Orion A, we find that turbulent pressure represents a significant portion of the external pressure budget. Our broad conclusion emphasizing the importance of pressure confinement in dense core evolution, however, agrees with earlier work.
Automatic Detection of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections from In Situ Data: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Nguyen Gautier , Aunai Nicolas , Fontaine Dominique , Pennec Erwan Le , Bossche Joris Van den , Jeandet Alexis , Bakkali Brice , Vignoli Louis , Blancard Bruno Regaldo-Saint
Published: April 2019

Decades of studies have suggested several criteria to detect interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICME) in time series from in situ spacecraft measurements. Among them, the most common are an enhanced and smoothly rotating magnetic field, a low proton temperature, and a low plasma beta. However, these features are not all observed for each ICME due to their strong variability. Visual detection is time-consuming and biased by the observer interpretation, leading to non-exhaustive, subjective, and thus hardly reproducible catalogs. Using convolutional neural networks on sliding windows and peak detection, we provide a fast, automatic, and multi-scale detection of ICMEs. The method has been tested on the in situ data from WIND between 1997 and 2015, and on the 657 ICMEs that were recorded during this period. The method offers an unambiguous visual proxy of ICMEs that gives an interpretation of the data similar to what an expert observer would give. We found at a maximum 197 of the 232 ICMEs of the 2010–2015 period (recall 84% ± 4.5%), including 90% of the ICMEs present in the lists of Nieves-Chinchilla et al. and Chi et al. The minimal number of False Positives was 25 out of 158 predicted ICMEs (precision 84% ± 2.6%). Although less accurate, the method also works with one or several missing input parameters. The method has the advantage of improving its performance by just increasing the amount of input data. The generality of the method paves the way for automatic detection of many different event signatures in spacecraft in situ measurements.
Level-resolved Photoionization Cross Sections for Fe i
Authors: Smyth R. T. , Ballance C. P. , Ramsbottom C. A.
Published: April 2019

Significant contributions to the UV opacity in the solar atmosphere have been found to stem from bound-free transitions in neutral iron. As such, accurate cross sections for the photoionisation process are required for a detailed and meaningful analysis. However, existing photoionisation cross sections display large discrepancies across the low-energy region, highlighting the need for further calculations. In this work, we present level-resolved photoionisation cross sections for neutral iron across a wide energy range from a 262 level Dirac R-matrix calculation. Comparisons with existing experimental measurements reveal good agreement in the positions of the various low-energy resonance features. However, additional comparisons with theoretical data sets highlight wide variations. Significant resonance structures at high photon energies are explored by employing an additional series of 262 level and 896 level Dirac R-matrix calculations with a smaller six configuration target. The resulting photoionisation cross sections reproduce the main features from existing experimental observations. The results presented throughout will be useful to those requiring an extensive set of level-resolved photoionisation cross sections for astrophysical applications.
Do Galaxy Morphologies Really Affect the Efficiency of Star Formation During the Phase of Galaxy Transition?
Authors: Koyama Shuhei , Koyama Yusei , Yamashita Takuji , Hayashi Masao , Matsuhara Hideo , Nakagawa Takao , Namiki Shigeru V. , Suzuki Tomoko L. , Fukagawa Nao , Kodama Tadayuki , Lin Lihwai , Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Shimakawa Rhythm , Tanaka Ichi
Published: April 2019

Recent simulations predict that the presence of the stellar bulge suppress the efficiency of star formation (SF) in early-type galaxies, and this “morphological quenching” scenario is supported by many observations. In this study, we discuss the net effect of galaxy morphologies on the star formation efficiency (SFE) during the phase of galaxy transition, on the basis of our CO(J = 1 − 0) observations of 28 local “green valley” galaxies with the Nobeyama 45 m Radio Telescope. We observed 13 disk-dominated and 15 bulge-dominated green valley galaxies at fixed stellar mass (M
*) and star formation rate (SFR), supplemented by 1 disk- and 6 bulge-dominated galaxies satisfying the same criteria from the xCOLD GASS survey. By using a total of 35 green valley galaxies, we reveal that the distributions of molecular gas mass, molecular gas fraction, and SFE of green valley galaxies do not change with their morphologies, suggesting little impact of galaxy morphologies on their SFE, and interestingly, this result is also valid for normal star-forming galaxies on the SF main sequence selected from the xCOLD GASS galaxies. On the other hand, we find that ∼20% of the bulge-dominated green valley galaxies do not show significant CO emission line, showing high SFEs for their M
* and SFR. These molecular gas deficient sources that are identified only in the bulge-dominated green valley galaxies may represent an important population during the quenching phase under the influence of the stellar bulge, but our results suggest that the presence of the stellar bulge does not decrease the efficiency of ongoing SF, in contrast to the prediction of the morphological quenching scenario.
Accueillir un enfant étrange-r
Authors: Le Calvez Annie , Bass Denise
Published: April 2019

Entretien retranscrit sous forme de questions-réponses à partir d’une idée générale : comme cela se passe-t-il quand l’assistante familiale accueille un jeune ? Les questions posées abordent le quotidien de l’accueil : autoriser ou non l’accès à Internet, l’usage du portable, les devoirs, la nourriture, les normes familiales, les interdits, les rapports avec les enfants de la famille d’accueil, les deuils familiaux, les enfants à comportements violents… Finalement, la formation est-elle importante dans cette profession atypique ? Quelle est la part de l’engagement personnel quand on choisit de faire ce métier ?
Le souffle du désir dans les institutions
Authors: Aujard Chloé
Published: April 2019

L’auteur fait partager sa réflexion sur la difficulté à maintenir la créativité et le désir d’être avec un bébé quand on est professionnelle dans une pouponnière. Face à six bébés ayant déjà vécu des moments souvent dramatiques dans leurs relations, face aux multiples recommandations et réglementations de l’institution, l’auxiliaire de puériculture, même expérimentée, peut se retrouver en souffrance et se voir envahie d’émotions « négatives » qui écornent son idéal professionnel et sa capacité d’investissement de ces petits humains, pourtant en grande demande. L’auteur fait part de son expérience du travail en équipe pluridisciplinaire et évoque le cas d’un bébé difficile à investir. Apathique, le regard se détournant de l’adulte, avec une salivation exacerbée, Nathan attire tout sauf la sympathie sur lui. Cependant, une écoute des auxiliaires de puériculture, une mise en mots et en sens de leurs ressentis négatifs, un travail d’équipe autour de lui, tous ces éléments vont le transformer peu à peu jusqu’à le mener aux portes d’une famille d’accueil.
L’analité de la honte
Authors: Muths Stéphane
Published: April 2019

L’auteur reprend point par point la question de la jouissance anale du petit enfant élaborée par Freud dans divers textes. Il en fait le complément avec l’hypothèse lacanienne du phallus non manquant de la mère pour le petit enfant et complète cet exposé par un cas clinique. Un jeune garçon de 8 ans est pris d’encoprésie à la naissance de sa sœur. L’analyse montrera comment la jouissance anale reste durablement liée au sentiment de honte et de jouissance.
Vicent Ferrer i la lògica del segle XIV
Authors: Batalla Josep , De la Cruz Vergari Elena
Published: April 2019

[ca] Mentre exercia de lector logicae a l’studium sollemne que els dominicans tenien a Lleida, Vicent Ferrer redactà dos textos de lògica: la questió De unitate universalis, probablement el sumari de collationes mantingudes amb els seus alumnes, i el tractat De suppositionibus, una exposició àmplia i rigorosa d’un tema complex de fi losofi a del llenguatge, molt debatut a mitjan segle XIV. No són pas textos redactats per un magister artium experimentat, són el fruit de la seva dedicació juvenil (acabava de fer 22 anys) i esporàdica perquè no escriví cap altra obra escolàstica. Cal considerar- los, doncs, l’obra d’un ensenyant precoç, coneixedor tant dels escrits dels pensadors de la seva època –Gualter Burley, Guillem d’Ockham, Joan Buridan– com del pensament d’Aristòtil i de Tomàs d’Aquino.
Catechesi e drammatizzazione: Lo Spirito Santo nei sermoni di Pentecoste di Vicent Ferrer
Authors: Delcorno Pietro
Published: April 2019

[it] L’articolo si concentra sull’abilità comunicativa di Vicent Ferrer e sulla sua capacità di miscelare catechesi e invenzione narrativa, analizzando sei versioni del sermone Repleti sunt omnes Spiritu Sancto. Gli schemi, le reportationes, i sermoni modello delle prediche tenute da Ferrer in diverse parti d’Europa mostrano come la festa di Pentecoste fornisse l’occasione per una vivace ‘messa in scena’ del racconto biblico e come la predicazione fornisse agli ascoltatori un accesso, mediato ma non banale, alla conoscenza della Scrittura. Nel sermone di Pentecoste, indicando la comunità apostolica come modello per i suoi ascoltatori, Ferrer sviluppava una riflessione tanto sul ruolo della predicazione quanto sul disporsi ad accogliere lo Spirito Santo.
Modelos de transmisión textual de los sermones de San Vicente Ferrer: la tradición manuscrita
Authors: Gimeno Blay Francisco M.
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo se propone reconstruir el proceso de escrituración de los sermones predicados por Vicente Ferrer. En la tradición textual manuscrita se pueden distinguir: las colecciones de esquemas y las que transcriben los sermones in extenso, fruto de la reelaboración de las notas tomadas por los reportadores. Se estudia, asimismo, el contenido literario de algunos manuscritos, aquellos en los que se propone la edición para todo el año como la redacción tolosana, con los volúmenes de tempore y de sanctis, o las colecciones dedicadas a un tiempo litúrgico determinado; se incluyen igualmente otros manuscritos que presentan series derivadas de algunas campañas de predicación.
Una qüestió de lògica en un sermó de sant Vicent Ferrer. El tractat De suppositionibus com a eina interpretativa
Authors: Rubio Josep E.
Published: April 2019

[ca] En els sermons de sant Vicent Ferrer, les referències a qüestions filosòfiques ocupen un lloc secundari i subordinat al missatge moral. No obstant això, són prou freqüents i posen de manifest l’alta formació escolàstica del predicador valencià. En un dels sermons trobem un incís que explica una aparent anomalia gramatical en un passatge bíblic; una breu explicació que cobra sentit a partir del contingut del tractat sobre les suposicions dels termes escrit per sant Vicent en els seus anys de formació com a mestre de lògica. Una prova que els seus sermons no es poden entendre plenament sense tenir present les doctrines filosòfiques que sostenen el discurs teològic.
Proof of the Log-Convex Density Conjecture
Authors: Chambers Gregory R.
Published: April 2019

We completely characterize isoperimetric regions in

\mathbb R^n

with density

e^h

, where

h

is convex, smooth, and radially symmetric. In particular, balls around the origin constitute isoperimetric regions of any given volume, proving the Log-Convex Density Conjecture due to Kenneth Brakke.
To Really Know the Disease: Creating a Participatory Community Education Workshop about Taenia solium Focused on Physical, Economic, and Epidemiologic Evidence
Authors: Beam Michelle , Spencer Angela G. , Atto Ruth , Camizan Roberto , Vilchez Percy , Muro Claudio , Gamboa Ricardo , Pray Ian , Garvey Brian , Fernandez Lauralee , Garcia Hector H. , O’Neal Seth E. , _ _
Published: April 2019

Cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium, is a neglected disease that causes preventable epilepsy. We conducted an experiential learning workshop in northern Peru to educate community members on T. solium transmission and motivate participation in community-led prevention and control. The workshop included presentation of local economic and epidemiologic data, followed by hands-on participation in pig dissection, group discussion of the T. solium life cycle, and viewing of eggs and nascent tapeworms with light microscopes. Among heads of household, we used community survey data to compare knowledge of the three-stage parasite life cycle at baseline and 2 months postworkshop. Knowledge of the life cycle increased significantly after the workshop, with greater gains for workshop attendees than non-attendees. Prior knowledge and workshop attendance were significant predictors of postworkshop knowledge. The use of local evidence and experiential learning positively affected knowledge of T. solium transmission, laying the foundation for subsequent community-engaged control efforts.
Benchmarking a 2018 Toyota Camry 2.5-Liter Atkinson Cycle Engine with Cooled-EGR
Authors: Kargul John , Stuhldreher Mark , Barba Daniel , Schenk Charles , Bohac Stanislav , McDonald Joseph , Dekraker Paul , Alden Josh
Published: April 2019

As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) continuing assessment of advanced light-duty automotive technologies in support of regulatory and compliance programs, a 2018 Toyota Camry A25A-FKS 4-cylinder, 2.5-liter, naturally aspirated, Atkinson Cycle engine with cooled exhaust gas recirculation (cEGR) was benchmarked. The engine was tested on an engine dynamometer with and without its 8-speed automatic transmission, and with the engine wiring harness tethered to a complete vehicle parked outside of the test cell. Engine and transmission torque, fuel flow, key engine temperatures and pressures, onboard diagnostics (OBD) data, and Controller Area Network (CAN) bus data were recorded. This paper documents the test results under idle, low, medium, and high load engine operation. Motoring torque, wide open throttle (WOT) torque and fuel consumption are measured during transient operation using both EPA Tier 2 and Tier 3 test fuels. The design and performance of this 2018 2.5-liter engine is described and compared to Toyota’s published data and to EPA’s previous projections of the efficiency of an Atkinson Cycle engine with cEGR. The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) map for the Toyota A25A-FKS engine shows a peak efficiency near 40 percent, which is the highest value of any publicly available map for a non-hybrid production gasoline internal combustion (IC) engine designed to run on 91 RON fuel. Further improvement is possible by application of fixed discrete or full continuous cylinder deactivation, both of which are currently in production on other engines.
Analytical Examination of the Relationship between Fuel Properties, Engine Efficiency, and R Factor Values
Authors: Sluder C. Scott
Published: April 2019

The variability in gasoline energy content, though most frequently not a consumer concern, is an issue of concern for vehicle manufacturers in demonstrating compliance with regulatory requirements. Advancements in both vehicle technology, test methodology, and fuel formulations have increased the level of visibility and concern with regard to the energy content of fuels used for regulatory testing.

The R factor was introduced into fuel economy calculations for vehicle certification in the late 1980s as a means of addressing batch-to-batch variations in the heating value of certification fuels and the resulting variations in fuel economy results. Although previous studies have investigated values of the R factor for modern vehicles through experimentation, subsequent engine studies have made clear that it is difficult to distinguish between the confounding factors that influence engine efficiency when R is being studied experimentally.

The present study focuses on an analytical approach to examining the heating value effects so that R values can be studied without the influence of confounding effects of other fuel properties. Data previously published for a 1.6-liter naturally-aspirated engine are used as a case study to explore the relationship between fuel properties, engine efficiency, and R factor values. The results demonstrate that engine efficiency does vary as a result of differences in heating value among fuels, although other factors that are variant among fuels also impact efficiency. R factor values depend not only on the difference in heating value between two fuels, but also on the directionality of the change and on engine operating loads. The latter is important because the reference engine efficiency point is itself a function of the engine operating condition. R factor values asymptotically approach unity as engine operating load increases. Increasing engine efficiency causes R values for a given test fuel to increase. A method is presented for which the test data from only one fuel is required to establish R factor values for individual vehicles and test cycles. An alternative method of establishing Indolene fuel economy equivalency for certification tests is also discussed.
Improved Analytically Derived CO
2
Prediction of Medium Duty Chassis-Certified Vehicles
Authors: Orpe Mrudula , Megli Thomas , Phlips Patrick , Ruona William , Washington II Donnell
Published: April 2019

Medium duty vehicles come in many design variations, which makes testing them all for CO2 impractical. As a result there are multiple ways of reporting CO2 emissions. Actual tests may be performed, data substitution may be used, or CO2 values may be estimated using an analytical correction. The correction accounts for variations in road load force coefficients (f0, f1, f2), weight, and axle ratio. The EPA Analytically Derived CO2 equation (EPA ADC) was defined using a limited set of historical data. The prediction error is shown to be ±130 g/mile and the sensitivities to design variables are found to be incorrect. Since the absolute CO2 is between 500 and 1,000 g/mi, the equation has limited usefulness. Previous work on light duty vehicles has demonstrated a linear relationship between vehicle fuel consumption, powertrain properties and total vehicle work. This relationship improves the accuracy and avoids co-linearity and non-orthogonality of the input variables. The proposed equation reduces the prediction error to ± 35 g/mile and gives correct sensitivities to design parameters.
Analyzing and Preventing Data Privacy Leakage in Connected Vehicle Services
Authors: Li Huaxin , Ma Di , Medjahed Brahim , Kim Yu Seung , Mitra Pramita
Published: April 2019

The rapid development of connected and automated vehicle technologies together with cloud-based mobility services are revolutionizing the transportation industry. As a result, huge amounts of data are being generated, collected, and utilized, hence providing tremendous business opportunities. However, this big data poses serious challenges mainly in terms of data privacy. The risks of privacy leakage are amplified by the information sharing nature of emerging mobility services and the recent advances in data analytics. In this paper, we provide an overview of the connected vehicle landscape and point out potential privacy threats. We demonstrate two of the risks, namely additional individual information inference and user de-anonymization, through concrete attack designs. We also propose corresponding countermeasures to defend against such privacy attacks. We evaluate the feasibility of such attacks and our defense strategies using real world vehicular data.
Ducted Fuel Injection: Effects of Stand-Off Distance and Duct Length on Soot Reduction
Authors: Svensson Kenth I. , Martin Glen C.
Published: April 2019

Ducted fuel injection (DFI) has been shown to be an effective method to significantly reduce soot formation in mixing controlled compression ignition (MCCI) diesel combustion. This reduction has been demonstrated in both combustion vessels and in an optical engine. The mechanisms driving the soot reduction are to date not fully understood. Optimal duct configurations are also not immediately evident. The objective of this study is to show the effects of two geometric variables, namely distance from fuel injector orifice exit to duct inlet (0.1-6 mm) for a 2x14 mm duct, and duct length variation (8-14 mm) at a given stand-off distance of 0.1 mm.

A 138 μm on-axis single-orifice injector operated at 100-250 MPa was used in a heated, continuous flow, constant pressure vessel with optical access. Results show that the shortest stand-off distance of 0.1 mm yields the greatest soot reduction for a 2x14 mm duct, but interpretation of this result is confounded by the fact that the ambient air entrained into the duct gets cooler and denser at shorter stand-off distances. Also, at the stand-off distance of 0.1 mm, the longer the duct, the greater the soot reduction. Additionally, the performance of a 2x8 mm duct placed at a longer stand-off distance is comparable to a longer duct with a short stand-off distance, i.e. the duct exit locations are similar. The results also show that greater soot reduction correlates with faster penetration, longer ignition delay, and shorter combustion duration. Stated differently, downstream of the duct the DFI diesel flame is faster, leaner, and hotter.
Occupant Kinematics and Loading in Low Speed Lateral Impacts
Authors: Furbish Christopher , Welcher Judson , Brink Justin , Jones Brian , Swinford Scott , Anderson Robert
Published: April 2019

Instrumented human subject and anthropomorphic test device (ATD) responses to low speed lateral impacts were investigated. A series of 12 lateral collisions at various impact angles were conducted, 6 near-side and 6 far-side, with each test using an ATD and one human subject. Two restrained female subjects were utilized, with one positioned in the driver seat and one in the left rear seat. Each subject was exposed to 3 near-side and 3 far-side impacts. The restrained ATD was utilized in both the driver and left rear seats, undergoing 3 near-side and 3 far-side impacts in each position. The vehicle center of gravity (CG) change in velocity (delta-V) ranged from 5.5 to 9.4 km/h (3.4 to 5.8 mph). Video analysis was used for quantification and comparison of the human and ATD motions and interactions with interior vehicle structures. Human head, thorax, and low back accelerations were analyzed. Peak human subject head resultant accelerations ranged from 0.9 to 36.8 g’s. Peak human subject thorax and low back lateral accelerations ranged from 1.0 to 17.1 g’s and 1.3 to 12.7 g’s, respectively. The ATD was instrumented with various sensors, including a tri-axial head accelerometer and 6-axis load cells in the upper neck, lower neck, and lumbar spine. Peak ATD head resultant accelerations ranged from 3.6 to 33.5 g’s. Peak ATD upper and lower neck compression ranged from -47.4 to -991.5 N and -52.1 to -740.6 N, respectively. Peak ATD lumbar compression ranged from -72.3 to -402.1 N. Cervical and lumbar shear loading and moments are also reported.
ETYMOLOGIZING DEPRECATORY REDUPLICATIVE COMPOUNDS OF THE TYPES FLIM-FLAM AND HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY (PART I)
Authors: Sayers William
Published: April 2019

Sample English reduplicative compounds on the model of flim-flam and higgledy-piggledy are analyzed for the interplay of formal features (alliteration, vowel alternation, rhyme), semantics (as parts and wholes), and obscure origins. Loans, new coinages, internal realignment, register, and affect are discussed. Inadequacies in earlier lexicographical, especially etymological, treatment are remedied.
Preenchimento da caderneta de saúde da criança na primeira infância
Authors: Freitas Jeanne Lúcia Gadelha , Pereira Priscilla Perez da Silva , Moreira Kátia Fernanda Alves , Órfão Nathália Halax , Cavalcante Daniela Ferreira , Nascimento Rayanne Cavalcante , Mendes Tatiane Maciel , Santos Águida Thomaz
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança em uma capital da Região Norte do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, realizado num hospital pediátrico de uma capital na Região Norte, com 420 crianças com idade inferior a cinco anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de abril a outubro de 2017, em entrevista com o cuidador principal da criança, na qual se questionou informações referentes ao cuidador, à criança e orientações recebidas sobre a caderneta, bem como o seu preenchimento, utilizando-se um sistema de escore. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e cálculo da Razão de Prevalência, por meio de Regressão de Poisson, no software Stata®, versão 13. Resultados: Apenas 25,5% (n=111) das Cadernetas de Saúde da Criança tiveram preenchimento satisfatório. O preenchimento não satisfatório esteve associado (p=0,01) a casos em que o cuidador principal não era os pais ou avós, o cuidador possuía escolaridade menor que nove anos, a mãe não havia realizado o pré-natal ou o acompanhamento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, e entre os cuidadores que não receberam orientações sobre a importância da caderneta. O maior índice de preenchimento da caderneta foi referente às vacinas aplicadas (99,3%, n=417), e um dos menores índices foi sobre o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (18,1%, n=202). Conclusão: O preenchimento insatisfatório da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança mostra as fragilidades no acompanhamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento integral, principalmente na primeira infância.