bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Waves: Blasphemy of Laughter and Criticism
Authors: Morris Pam
Published: September 2017

The Waves enacts an immense widening of the scale of the perceptible from intestines and nerve endings to the movement of tides and seasons. Continuous with this comprehensive view of the physical world, the politics of the novel centres upon the fact of embodiment as the human condition and upon the determining disciplinary effects of that bodily being. The novel constitutes an extended palimpsest of Lucretius’ poem, De Rerum Natura. Like Lucretius, Woolf’s materialist aim is to denounce false systems of cultural belief but equally to contrast that conscripted social order with a poetic, empirical vision of the physical universe – hence the two-part structure of her novel. By associating her text with the work of a prestigious, but blasphemous, classical writer, Woolf challenges male, idealist definitions of culture and civilization that underpin gender, class and imperialist oppression.
Persuasion: Fellow Creatures
Authors: Morris Pam
Published: September 2017

Persuasion overtly foregrounds the self as embodied: physical accidents and sickness are recurrent. Sir Walter Eliot’s belief in the time-defying bodily grace of nobility is subject to Austen’s harshest irony. The transition from vertically ordered place to horizontal space in Persuasion is more extreme than in any other of the completed novels. Anne Elliot’s movement from social exclusiveness to socially inclusive possibility allows Austen to challenge gender and class hierarchies traditionally held to be inborn. Her writerly experimentation expands the possibilities of narrative perspective to encompass the porous boundaries of the physical, the emotional and the rational that constitute any moment of consciousness. Her focalisation techniques in the text look directly towards Woolf’s stylist innovations. A chain of references to guns and shooting gathers into the novel contentious contemporary discursive networks on class relations, notions of masculinity and the nature of creaturely life.
Seminal Ferritin And Seminal Parameters In Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Silva Gilmar Pereira , Carneiro Fabiana Pirani , Grangeiro Vítor Pereira Xavier
Published: September 2017

Background: to verify the association of seminal parameter (SP) and seminal ferritin(SF) levels in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CH), admitting possible antioxidative activity of SF.

Methods: this was a case-control study in group of 60 men (case) in CH with more than 6 months and group of healthy men(control), aged 18-60 years, without clinical or laboratory signs of infection / inflammation. Patients underwent semen analysis, fertility index(FI) calculation, measurement of SF and hormonal profile(follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, and prolactin levels).

Results: There were significant differences between cases and control (Table 1) in SP(p = 0.000), sex hormones (p = 0.000) and FI [0, 85(0,57) vs 5,54(1,3), p=0,000]. There was no difference between cases and control(Table 1) in SF levels (226.45 ± 51.03 vs 241.52 ± 30.52, p = 0.137) and age(49,47 ±5,56 vs 47,90 ± 6,22, p=0,229).There was no correlation (Table 2) between  SF and FI(r = 0.049, p = 0.711) and SP(p> 0.05).

Conclusion: the results suggest that SF is not associated with changes in seminal parameters in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, and is not useful singly for initial evaluation of seminal parameters.
Is Systemic Inflammation Associated With Elevated PSA Serum Levels In Patients Submitted Chronic Hemodialysis?
Authors: Silva Gilmar Pereira , Grangeiro Vitor Pereira Xavier
Published: September 2017

Backgroundː whereas that systemic inflammation (SI) affects 40–60% of patients on hemodialysis (HD) is characterized by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level elevation or proinflammatory interleukin production or both. We evaluated the association between SI and total (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) in patients on HD with tPSA <4ng / ml.

Methodsː Sixty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing HD and 20 controls were included. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18-60 years; tPSA < 4 ng/mL without clinically detectable prostate cancer; and patients undergoing HD for >6 months. Patients were excluded if they had local infections or SI. Hs-CRP was measured using turbidimetry, and tPSA and fPSA levels using immunochemoluminescence. Overall, 27 patients had inflammation (hs-CRP >5 mg/L) and 33 had no inflammation (hs-CRP was ≤5 mg/L). In the control group, hs-CRP was ≤ 1 mg/L.

Resultsː there was no significant difference in mean levels among groups 3 and 4 for age (p=0,058), tPSA (p=0,74) and fPSA (p=0,30). The SI did not promote differences between groups 1, 2 and 4 for the levels of tPSA (0,71 ± 0,18  vs   0,67 ± 0,15  vs  0,67 ± 0,11; p=0,69) and fPSA (0,34  ±  0,01  vs  0,34  ±  0,01  vs   0,35  ±  0,01, p= 0,59) . As well as maintained no correlation with tPSA and fPSA (p>0,05).

Conclusionː The systemic inflammation in hemodialytic patients without clinically detectable cancer (PSA<4ng/ml) is no associated with changes fractions of tPSA and fPSA.
Qualité de vie chez les personnes âgées : étude comparative entre personnes âgées d’origine française et immigrés maghrébins
Authors: Boudouda Eddine Nedjem , Gana Kamel
Published: September 2017

L’objectif de la présente étude est de comparer la qualité de vie de deux populations : une population âgée maghrébine (n= 67) et une population âgée d’origine française (n= 70). Comme indicateurs de la qualité de vie, nous avons utilisé la satisfaction de vie, la satisfaction conjugale, la solitude sociale et émotionnelle, le soutien social perçu (disponibilité et qualité) et le lieu de contrôle (indicateur distal). Nos résultats montrent, d’une part, que les principales différences entre les deux groupes portent sur la solitude sociale et la disponibilité du réseau social. Les immigrés ressentent davantage la solitude sociale et ont moins de soutien dans leur réseau social que les personnes âgées françaises. D’autre part, il y a une plus grande propension, chez les immigrés âgés, à croire que leur vie est déterminée par un autre tout-puissant ou par la chance. Tout en considérant avec précaution ces résultats, il convient d’attirer l’attention sur les conséquences délétères de la solitude. En effet, le lien entre solitude et mortalité est désormais assez connu et semble être dûment éprouvé.
Les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées sont-elles des alternatives à la mesure psychométrique classique de l’intelligence ? Revue de 25 ans de recherche
Authors: Terriot Katia , Grégoire Jacques , Loarer Even
Published: September 2017

Les tests d’intelligence les plus utilisés aujourd’hui dans le monde sont des tests de performance, mais est-ce la seule manière d’évaluer les capacités cognitives ? D’autres méthodologies existent, notamment les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées, qui consistent à demander au sujet ou à son entourage, soit d’estimer directement son degré d’intelligence, soit d’évaluer sa capacité de réaliser certaines tâches cognitives. L’examen de la littérature fait apparaître que, bien que présentant certaines preuves de validité et de fidélité, ces méthodologies ne peuvent se substituer aux tests de performance, les corrélations entre les deux excédant rarement 0,30. Elles mesureraient probablement des construits distincts. Les évaluations auto et hétéro-rapportées permettent, néanmoins, en complément des tests d’intelligence, d’augmenter la part de variance prédite de la réussite scolaire, au même titre que d’autres variables conatives, comme la motivation, l’estime de soi ou le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle. Elles apparaîssent également intéressantes dans une perspective de développement personnel, pour confronter les perceptions du sujet ou celles de son entourage aux données objectives fournies par le test.
Insulte et traitement du féminin. Étude psychanalytique
Authors: Lévy Alexandre
Published: September 2017

Dans ce travail, nous étudions les articulations entre insulte et rapports au féminin, en nous focalisant sur, d’une part, l’insulte visant particulièrement la dimension féminine et, d’autre part, la féminisation, effet insultant spécifique, ce qui permet de préciser les rapports d’altération déterminant les divers modes d’altérité en usage dans les liens sociaux. En analysant, d’abord, l’insulte selon le genre grammatical et ses effets psychologiques, nous articulons ensuite notre propos à une perspective historique, puis à une perspective psychopathologique, avec la question de l’insulte au féminin hallucinée. Nous avançons ainsi l’idée de l’insulte comme rempart contre une jouissance non-assumée ou suppléance dans le champ du sexe.
Le « concept » de lathouse dans l’œuvre de Jacques Lacan. Implications psychologiques, cliniques et sociales
Authors: Martin-Mattera Patrick , Lévy Alexandre
Published: September 2017

Dans cet article, on se propose d’éclairer, dans la théorie psychanalytique, le sens du « concept » de « lathouse », inventé par Jacques Lacan en 1970. Ce terme plonge ses racines dans la philosophie antique, mais décrit notre modernité, en articulant les effets conjugués du discours de la science et du discours du capitaliste. La « lathouse » est la dernière forme de l’objet décrite par Lacan il y a presque cinquante ans : en quoi cet objet nous concerne-t-il encore aujourd’hui ?
Karl Kraus face à Hitler
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: September 2017

Satiriste, poète, dramaturge, Karl Kraus (1874-1936) s’est souvent égaré dans ses engagements politiques, offusquant ainsi ses partisans les plus prometteurs, dont Bertold Brecht ou le jeune Elias Canetti. Mais il ne s’est pas trompé face à la menace la plus terrible des années de l’entre-deux-guerres, prophétisant la montée de la croix gammée dès 1921. C’est d’ailleurs aussi le moment où Freud a publié Psychologie des masses et analyse du moi . Kraus avait apprécié Freud quand parut L’interprétation des rêves (1899), mais il s’en est détourné à partir de 1907, attaquant désormais la psychanalyse et les freudiens. Je montrerai en quoi consistait la lucidité de Kraus. Il a reconnu le danger mortel du nazisme, quand personne ne prenait encore ce mouvement au sérieux. Et Kraus ne cesse de démasquer le double langage par lequel le national-socialisme est arrivé au pouvoir, fascinant et étourdissant en même temps les foules. Dans son livre Troisième nuit de Walpurgis , écrit après la prise de pouvoir d’Hitler en 1933, Kraus, dénonçant les actes de violence contre les juifs dont les médias allemands ne peuvent plus parler, réfléchit aussi sur les limites de l’esprit et de la langue face au rouleau compresseur hitlérien. Par peur pour ses amis berlinois, il ne publiera que des extraits de ce livre dans une des dernières livraisons de sa revue apériodique, Die Fackel ( Le Flambeau ) en 1934. La lecture de ce livre me permettra d’exposer les conséquences qu’on peut tirer aujourd’hui de ce que Kraus a écrit sous le choc d’événements qui annonçaient le pire.
Mar a Logos : L’élection de Trump et les fake news
Authors: Steinkoler Manya
Published: September 2017

L’auteure examine la fonction des fausses nouvelles (fake news) lors de l’élection de Donald Trump en 2016 ainsi que la fascination et le pouvoir qu’elles exercent. L’objet de cet article est aussi historiciser la notion d’honnêteté dans l’histoire et la culture américaines avec son partenaire, la fraude, et de montrer comment les fake news sont un produit de ce partenariat. Le discours du capitaliste concerne un manque du manque et une continuation de la jouissance. Ce mode de jouissance fétichiste porte des fausses nouvelles.
Toshio Shimao. De l’expérience du kamikaze à celle d’une « lituraterre »
Authors: Fukuda Daisuke
Published: September 2017

L’écrivain japonais Toshio Shimao (1917-1986) a traversé la période de la guerre du Pacifique comme chef de troupe de kamikazes marins. Nous allons examiner le processus de son devenir machine de mort dans l’entraînement de kamikaze et la conséquence subjective de cette expérience inouïe.
Le théâtre s’inquiète
Authors: Scott Diane
Published: September 2017

Le souci de tenir une fonction politique conduit le théâtre français à aborder la question de l’extrême droite aujourd’hui, dans les années 2010. Un spectacle à partir de la figure de Fassbinder construit un diagnostic politique et un dispositif de parole dont on verra qu’ils ne sont pas sans contradictions.
C’est ça que tu veux ? !
Authors: Verstraet Antoine
Published: September 2017

Patrick Asté est le réalisateur du film Un Français qui retrace le parcours d’un groupe de quatre skinheads entre 1985 et 2013. La haine de la jouissance de l’autre est ce qui les rassemble. Ils pensent savoir ce que ne sont pas les hommes : ce sont les communistes, les homosexuels, les Français d’origine maghrébine. En fait, ce sont tous ceux qui jouissent différemment d’eux. Et les manifestations de cette jouissance leur sont si insupportables qu’ils ne trouvent aucun autre moyen d’y répondre que par la violence. Seul Marco, un des quatre skinheads, parviendra grâce à une heureuse rencontre à rompre avec cette haine. Ainsi, il prendra ses responsabilités et parviendra à acquérir une nouvelle liberté de décision.
Objet-sujet. Observations préliminaires sur les démarches de Jean Bollack et de Peter Szondi Introduit par Franz Kaltenbeck
Authors: Laks André
Published: September 2017

Jean Bollack (1923-2012), l’helléniste et interprète de la lyrique moderne (spécialement de Paul Celan), et Peter Szondi (1929-1971), le germaniste, sont liés par une réflexion sur le statut et les ressources de la philologie. Le projet était, dans l’un et l’autre cas, de rétablir le lien entre critique et herméneutique, distendu tant par la réduction tendancielle, dès le xix e siècle, de la philologie à la critique textuelle que, plus récemment, par la confiscation de l’herméneutique par l’herméneutique philosophique dérivée de Heidegger et éminemment représentée par Gadamer. L’article explicite, à travers une confrontation sommaire des deux trajectoires intellectuelles de Bollack et de Szondi, ce que recouvre, chez Bollack, les notions d’« herméneutique critique » et d’« historisation radicale » par lesquelles il en était venu à caractériser sa démarche, et à la distinguer de celle de Szondi.
Un traumatisme et son destin
Authors: Boudailliez Sylvie
Published: September 2017

Le cas illustre la compulsion de répétition du destin d’un sujet marqué par ce qui s’est passé à la génération précédente, lors de la guerre d’Algérie : le père – grand-père du patient – a été tué sauvagement en présence de son fils – père du patient. Le fait qu’un jour celui-ci frappe son fils a des conséquences graves : le patient passe à l’acte, fugue, s’expose dangereusement à « la mauvaise rencontre » avec un pervers et incarne la victime expiatoire pour le grand-père assassiné. La question du diagnostic reste ouverte. S’agit-il d’une névrose traumatique de guerre ? L’accident de travail illustre la réminiscence dont souffrent les hystériques, accompagnée de signes cliniques allant dans le sens d’une névrose traumatique. Ou bien s’agit-t-il d’un traumatisme de guerre chez un sujet qui déclenche une psychose avec la gifle du père ? Par cette gifle surgit un réel terrifiant éjectant le sujet et le précipitant dans cette fugue : réaction paroxystique face au trou dans le symbolique creusé par le défaut du Nom-du-Père appelé par un père réel. L’hypothèse de psychose ne met pas en cause la véracité des propos de ce sujet qui ne délire pas mais dont le discours est dominé par la persécution.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Induces Integrin α4β1 in T Cells and Promotes a Progressive Neuroinflammatory Disease in Mice
Authors: Sorcini Daniele , Bruscoli Stefano , Frammartino Tiziana , Cimino Monica , Mazzon Emanuela , Galuppo Maria , Bramanti Placido , Al-Banchaabouchi Mumna , Farley Dominika , Ermakova Olga , Britanova Olga , Izraelson Mark , Chudakov Dmitry , Biagioli Michele , Sportoletti Paolo , Flamini Sara , Raspa Marcello , Scavizzi Ferdinando , Nerlov Claus , Migliorati Graziella , Riccardi Carlo , Bereshchenko Oxana
Published: September 2017

The mechanisms leading to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in the CNS have not been elucidated. The environmental triggers of the aberrant presence of CD4+ T cells in the CNS are not known. In this article, we report that abnormal β-catenin expression in T cells drives a fatal neuroinflammatory disease in mice that is characterized by CNS infiltration of T cells, glial activation, and progressive loss of motor function. We show that enhanced β-catenin expression in T cells leads to aberrant and Th1-biased T cell activation, enhanced expression of integrin α4β1, and infiltration of activated T cells into the spinal cord, without affecting regulatory T cell function. Importantly, expression of β-catenin in mature naive T cells was sufficient to drive integrin α4β1 expression and CNS migration, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of integrin α4β1 reduced the abnormal T cell presence in the CNS of β-catenin–expressing mice. Together, these results implicate deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CNS inflammation and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammatory disorders.
PD-1 Blockade Promotes Epitope Spreading in Anticancer CD8+ T Cell Responses by Preventing Fratricidal Death of Subdominant Clones To Relieve Immunodomination
Authors: Memarnejadian Arash , Meilleur Courtney E. , Shaler Christopher R. , Khazaie Khashayarsha , Bennink Jack R. , Schell Todd D. , Haeryfar S. M. Mansour
Published: September 2017

The interactions between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligands hamper tumor-specific CD8+ T cell (TCD8) responses, and PD-1-based “checkpoint inhibitors” have shown promise in certain cancers, thus revitalizing interest in immunotherapy. PD-1–targeted therapies reverse TCD8 exhaustion/anergy. However, whether they alter the epitope breadth of TCD8 responses remains unclear. This is an important question because subdominant TCD8 are more likely than immunodominant clones to escape tolerance mechanisms and may contribute to protective anticancer immunity. We have addressed this question in an in vivo model of TCD8 responses to well-defined epitopes of a clinically relevant oncoprotein, large T Ag. We found that unlike other coinhibitory molecules (CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3), PD-1 was highly expressed by subdominant TCD8, which correlated with their propensity to favorably respond to PD-1/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1)-blocking Abs. PD-1 blockade increased the size of subdominant TCD8 clones at the peak of their primary response, and it also sustained their presence, thus giving rise to an enlarged memory pool. The expanded population was fully functional as judged by IFN-γ production and MHC class I–restricted cytotoxicity. The selective increase in subdominant TCD8 clonal size was due to their enhanced survival, not proliferation. Further mechanistic studies utilizing peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding full-length T Ag or epitope mingenes, and tumor cells expressing T Ag variants revealed that anti–PD-1 invigorates subdominant TCD8 responses by relieving their lysis-dependent suppression by immunodominant TCD8. To our knowledge, our work constitutes the first report that interfering with PD-1 signaling potentiates epitope spreading in tumor-specific responses, a finding with clear implications for cancer immunotherapy and vaccination.
NEMO–IKKβ Are Essential for IRF3 and NF-κB Activation in the cGAS–STING Pathway
Authors: Fang Run , Wang Chenguang , Jiang Qifei , Lv Mengze , Gao Pengfei , Yu Xiaoyu , Mu Ping , Zhang Rui , Bi Sheng , Feng Ji-Ming , Jiang Zhengfan
Published: September 2017

Cytosolic dsDNA activates the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway to produce cytokines, including type I IFNs. The roles of many critical proteins, including NEMO, IKKβ, and TBK1, in this pathway are unclear because of the lack of an appropriate system to study. In this article, we report that lower FBS concentrations in culture medium conferred high sensitivities to dsDNA in otherwise unresponsive cells, whereas higher FBS levels abrogated this sensitivity. Based on this finding, we demonstrated genetically that NEMO was critically involved in the cGAS–STING pathway. Cytosolic DNA activated TRIM32 and TRIM56 to synthesize ubiquitin chains that bound NEMO and subsequently activated IKKβ. Activated IKKβ, but not IKKα, was required for TBK1 and NF-κB activation. In contrast, TBK1 was reciprocally required for NF-κB activation, probably by directly phosphorylating IKKβ. Thus, our findings identified a unique innate immune activation cascade in which TBK1–IKKβ formed a positive feedback loop to assure robust cytokine production during cGAS–STING activation.
Efficient Induction of Ig Gene Hypermutation in Ex Vivo–Activated Primary B Cells
Authors: Liu Jun , Xiong Ermeng , Zhu Hanying , Mori Hiromi , Yasuda Shoya , Kinoshita Kazuo , Tsubata Takeshi , Wang Ji-Yang
Published: September 2017

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of Ig genes. How AID is targeted to the Ig V gene and switch region to trigger SHM and CSR remains elusive. Primary B cells stimulated with CD40L plus IL-4 or LPS plus IL-4 undergo efficient CSR, but it has been difficult to induce SHM in these cells. In the current study, we used B cells from B1-8hi mice carrying a prerecombined VH186.2DFL16.1JH2 Ab gene to investigate the induction of SHM under in vitro culture conditions. B1-8hi splenic B cells stimulated with CD40L plus IL-4 or LPS plus IL-4 underwent robust CSR to IgG1, but failed to generate SHM in the VH186.2 gene. Remarkably, ectopic expression of AID in AID-deficient, but not wild-type, B1-8hi B cells induced efficient SHM at a rate close to that observed in germinal center B cells. We further established an AID-deficient CH12 B lymphoma line and found that ectopic expression of AID in the mutant line, but not in AID-sufficient CH12 cells, induced efficient point mutations and deletions in the V gene. These results demonstrate that the endogenous AID in ex vivo–activated primary B and B lymphoma cells not only cannot induce SHM but also inhibit the induction of SHM by the exogenous AID. Our results further suggest that the spatiotemporal distribution and/or posttranslational modification of AID strongly affects the induction of SHM in ex vivo–activated primary B cells.
Corrosion Resistance Evaluation and Effects of Prior Corrosion and Stress on Fatigue Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AA2024-T3
Authors: Okada Takao , Machida Shigeru , Nakamura Toshiya
Published: September 2017

The corrosion resistance of 2024-T3 (UNS A92024) Al alloy with no clad layer and that of friction stir welded (FSW) joint specimens fabricated from the same material were evaluated. The surfaces of both the alloy base material and FSW joint specimens were ground out before being exposed to a 3.0% sodium chloride solution at 60°C for 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. The corrosion pits on the base material samples were found to be randomly distributed, while those on the FSW joint were formed around the edge and center of the weld line. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry indicated constituent particles containing Mg at the grain boundaries in the thermomechanically affected zone and stir zone of the FSW joint; this Mg content aggravated the corrosion damage in those regions. The depth and volume of the corrosion pits in the FSW joint were greater than those in the base material. However, the aspect ratios of the corrosion pits in the base material and FSW were similar. Prior-corroded specimens were fatigue tested to evaluate the effect of corrosion damage. The fatigue life of the base material with corrosion damage was slightly shorter than that of the FSW joint specimens with corrosion damage, and the fatigue life of an uncorroded FSW joint specimen was more than 10 times longer than that of a corroded specimen. Thus, corrosion damage has a severely detrimental effect on fatigue life. Further, fracture surface observation revealed that the fracture origins in the FSW joint specimens tended to be multiple corrosion pits; however, the corrosion pits with the greatest depth or volume did not necessarily become fracture origins in the base material or FSW joints.
The Level of Psychological Security and its Relationship to the Achievement Motivation Level among the Physically Disabled in Jordan
Authors: Alsaaideh Naji Minwer , AL-Bourini Eman Saeed , AL-Rabadi Wail Minwer , AlJa'afreh Asmaa Abedl Hafez
Published: September 2017

The study aimed at identifying the Level of Psychological Security and its Relationship to the Achievement Motivation Level among the Physically Disabled in Jordan. In order to achieve the study objectives, the study used the correlative descriptive approach. The study sample consisted of (65) physically disabled were randomly selected from association and center in Irbid governorate in Jordan. The study used two tools; first one is the psychological security scale for Najjar's (2012), and the second one is the achievement motivation scale which was developed by the researchers, which were used after verifying their psychometric properties through validity and reliability in the second semester of 2015/2016.The results of the study indicated that the levels of psychological security, and achievement motivation among the physically disabled were medium, and the results also showed a positive correlation between psychological security and achievement motivation among the physically disabled.The study recommends the necessity of holding training and guiding programs to raise the psychological security and achievement motivation levels among the physically disabled in Jordan, and conducting more researches and studies of psychological security and achievement motivation variables among the physically disabled and relating them with other variables such as gender, severity of disability, and type of disability.
Creating a National Pastime
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

This chapter notes that humans have played bat and ball games for thousands of years. Homer spoke of the princess Nausica playing “at ball” with her maids. Girls and women played baseball in Britain as early as the eighteenth century and American girls and women followed suit in the nineteenth. During the 1850s and 1860s, there was little pushback against female players even as adult men began altering the rules of baseball and crafting a narrative to distinguish their sport from “child’s play.” The muscular Christianity movement enabled male players to link baseball with ideals of manliness, morality, and robust health. Women, like Frances Dana Gage, argued that baseball could help girls and women be more physically fit too.
1865–1879: Contesting a National Pastime
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

Tension between those wanting to maintain baseball as an amateur game and those wanting to professionalize it increased. Men increasingly identified baseball as a manly pastime yet girls and women continued to play. Both organized pick-up teams, civic teams, business teams, school teams, college teams, amateur teams, and professional teams. There were over 100 female teams located in twenty-one of thirty-eight states plus the Kingdom of Hawaii. Students organized teams at Vassar College in 1866 and 1867. Elizabeth Cady Stanton described a girls’ team at Peterboro, New York in 1868 and, although untrue, some newspaper editors began equating female players with women’s rights. Most female teams were white, but there were a small number of black teams.
Conclusion
Authors: Shattuck Debra A.
Published: September 2017

Baseball did not become gendered as a man’s sport overnight nor did any single group dominate the cultural metanarrative of baseball as it matured from infancy to adolescence during the nineteenth century. Baseball has been used to symbolize “Americanism,” middle-class, Judeo-Christian values, and “manliness.” Though many vied to control the narrative of America’s national pastime, not every group had equal influence on the ultimate character and culture of baseball. By the end of the nineteenth century, men held almost exclusive control of the narrative of “official” baseball, while women controlled a parallel narrative for the baseball-surrogate called “women’s baseball.” This game became the precursor of softball which emerged in its official form during the 1930s.
Shaping Forces, Networks, and Local Influences
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

This chapter surveys the historical context of the 1920s renaissance of Chinese opera theaters in the United States, including social, economic, cultural, and political forces of nation-states that helped shape the Chinese theater network linking China, the United States, Canada, and Cuba. It represents an important shift of the discourse of American musical history from the traditional focus of Atlantic World to that of the Pacific, presenting Chinatown theaters of North America as products of complex transnational forces. It also considers the symbolic significance of language and the impact of transnational network. The chapter therefore challenges the traditional characterization of the Chinese theater community as recalcitrant, demonstrating the many ways in which Chinese and Chinese American performers, owners, and patrons were active participants in the cultural milieu of North America in this period.
The Chinese Exclusion Act and Chinatown Theaters
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

This chapter focuses on immigration policies in the United States and how they impacted Chinatown opera theaters from their burgeoning in the nineteenth century through the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and into the early twentieth century. Whereas Chinese theaters rose to prominent entertainment in the 1870s, with four concurrent theaters in San Francisco, late nineteenth century exclusionary regulations severely curtailed previously vibrant Chinatown opera theaters. It eventually cut off the flow of performers and limiting companies’ performance opportunities by early 20th century. The chapter identifies a turning point when the continuing demand for Chinese performers prompted American entrepreneurs and others to circumvent U.S. policies and advocate for exceptions to the stultifying rules in the second decade of the20th century. As a result, increasingly itinerant performers were allowed to cross national borders, and theaters were allowed to stage performances, but each existed in a precarious relationship with immigration officials and boards that enforced exclusionary principles and practices.
Immigration
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

This chapter is a case study that examines close-up one theater’s tug-of-war with Immigration Bureau to gain legitimacy at various junctures. It focuses on San Francisco Mandarin Theater’s struggle against exclusionary immigration policies. The Mandarin’s path to becoming the fastest growing Chinatown theater in the 1920s was filled with difficult hurdles, from obtaining permission, to extension of actor permit, and to expansion of the quota and operation. Using letters, interviews, legal briefs, etc., the chapter reveals the nuance of arguments and decisions, namely, the everyday life of the regulations of Chinese Exclusion. The attorney also drew from recent precedents: two landmark Supreme Court cases regarding wives of Chinese merchants. At a crucial juncture, the attorney’s right-based argument won the theaters permission to expand, and established the legal status of these performers as non-immigrant. Mandarin’s eventual success was due to the prudence, financial prowess, and business skill of Chinese merchants, as well as the mobilization of legal professionals.
An Examination of the Aria Song “Shilin Jita”
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

Cantonese opera aria was a primary form of musical utterance in Chinatowns in the 1920s. They were heard not only at theaters but also as aria song on phonograph records at laundries, canneries, or stores, or through life performance at clubhouses of family associations. As an introduction to this sound world, this chapter examines a popular aria from that decade: Li Xuefang’s “Shilin Jita” from Madame White Snake. The lyrics are comprised of couplets of ten-syllable verses, and the aria is a fanxian erhuang type. Focusing on the transcription of a historical recording, the chapter delves into analyses of the relationship between text and music, the phrase structures, mode, ornamentation styles, rhythmic scheme, etc. Two versions of the same arias are also compared. A discussion of vocal sliding tones at the end of the chapter points to additional consideration of the singing style typical of Cantonese opera singing. While this chapter focuses on a single aria from a large body of repertoire, it nevertheless introduces important aspects of the musical characteristics and aesthetics of Cantonese opera in the 1920s.
From Lun On and Lun Hop to the Great China Theater, 1922–1925
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

In 1922, the Lun On troupe arrived in Seattle from Canada. It was quickly joined by other Cantonese opera groups moving across national borders, creating a network spanning the hemisphere from Vancouver to Los Angeles, New York, Havana, Mexico City, Mexicali, and even Lima, Peru. Through detailed primary source analysis Rao describes the financial and artistic accomplishments of these troupes even as they faced stigmatism and resistance from anti-Chinese organizations and exclusionary immigration policies. The interaction between the opera troupe/performers and local community was lively, reflected by the ritual practice, the publication of anthology for amateur, the opening of new theater, fund-raising performances, etc. In addition the chapter chronicles a series of distinctive actors, actresses and playwrights, as well as their signature repertoire that became most popular during this time.
A Sucessful, Majestic Stage
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

Mandarin Theater’s opening in 1924 was remarkable for it was the first Chinese theater built after the 1906 earthquake and fire. This chapter provides a detailed look at the first three years of the Mandarin Theater’s music, performers, and productions as it evolved from a small, struggling theater into a significant cultural institution. In particular, from the elaborate architectural details, to fundraising activity, and to the city tax paid by the Mandarin Theater during the first ten months of the theater, it was clear that the theater was extremely ambitious.
Epilogue
Authors: Yunhwa Rao Nancy
Published: September 2017

Drawing from the author’s family history, the epilogue discusses how opera culture could permeate different social classes, accompany dislocation of personal root, and be felt in communities near and far. It also traces the impact of Chinatown theaters on the roaring twenties of the United Staete, the use of instruments in jazz, and to the rise of certain branch of American experimental music in the 20th century, as well as the manifestiation in Chinese American cinema and literature.
The Science of Sympathy
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

In his Descent of Man, Charles Darwin placed sympathy at the crux of morality in civilized society. His idea buttressed the belief that white, upper-class, educated men deserved their sense of superiority by virtue of good breeding. It also implied that progress could be steered by envisioning a new blueprint for sympathy that redefined moral actions carried out in sympathy's name. Rob Boddice joins a daring intellectual history of sympathy to a portrait of how the first Darwinists defined and employed it. Combining the history of emotions, the history of medicine, the history of science and the history of morality, Boddice shows how specific interpretations of Darwinism sparked a cacophonous discourse intent on displacing previous notions of sympathy. Scientific and medical progress demanded that "cruel" practices like vivisection, an essential part of new research in physiology, and compulsory vaccination be seen as moral for their ultimate goal of alleviating suffering. Some even saw the so-called unfit--natural targets of sympathy--as a danger to society and encouraged sympathy for the "fit" alone, placing this emotion at the heart of eugenics. Right or wrong, these early Darwinists formed a moral economy that acted on a new system of ethics, reconceptualised obligations, and executed new duties. Boddice persuasively argues that the bizarre, even dangerous formulations of sympathy they invented influence society and civilization in the present day.
Sympathy for a Devil’s Chaplain
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

Chapter 2 explains why the luminaries of Darwinian science were thought to have cast such a pall over civilised morality and moral feeling. It provides the intellectual history of Darwinian sympathy, beginning with the inheritance of a set of ideas from Adam Smith, as well as a study on how the life of an evolutionist was influenced through living the theory. An analysis of the evolutionary science of emotions argues that evolutionists tended to see themselves at the vanguard of evolutionary development, better able than ‘ordinary’ men, or women, or ‘lower’ races, to feel out the greater good and act accordingly.
Sympathy as Callousness? Physiology and Vivisection
Authors: Boddice Rob
Published: September 2017

There has been much confusion about Darwin’s connection to the field of physiology, with regard to his support for vivisection. The chapter connects the intellectual position of Darwin with regard to sympathy to the laboratory practice of animal experimentation, and lays out the moral argument of scientists that vivisection involved a necessary temporary callousness in the operating room for the sake of a greater good. This callousness, the possibility of which was greatly enhanced by the use of anesthetics, was ascribed to the highly evolved man of science, uniquely disposed to turn off immediate aesthetic and sentimental responses to the causation of pain or to the sight of blood, based on his ability to abstract or rationalise sympathy and project it to suffering humanity.
Introduction
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This chapter introduces transnational feminist and affect theory frameworks, two activist troupes, and key concepts of sentimental capitalism and hunger called theater to argue the significance of analyzing a global discursive regime of creative economy policy within the same analytical frame as activist performance. Highlighting recent articulations, affects, and contradictions of Indian creative economy policy, it presents shifting discursive and political histories. Rather than focusing on capital-rich cultural production, it makes a case for attending to unrecognized creativity within activist performance whilst analyzing the latter’s messy collaborations with hegemonic regimes of creativity. Outlines the book’s organization: Part 1 historically and spatially locates a global discursive regime in India, Ahmedabad, and Delhi; Parts 2 and 3 are ethnographies of the two troupes.
When Victims Become Entrepreneurs
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This chapter historically locates the creative economy global discursive regime in the Indian context whilst challenging the presumed newness of creative economy policy. Tracing Indian policy debates over culture and development since the 1950s, it demystifies the seeming contradictions between disjuncture and continuity in policy by considering the sentiments deployed in India’s planning process. India’s political economic transition from development nationalism to neoliberal capitalism is accompanied by a shift from sentimental nationalism and its pity for artisanal victims of planned industrialization in the 1950s toward sentimental capitalism and its optimism about the poor’s artistic entrepreneurialism in the new millennium. Hindu culturalisms and neoliberal commodification combine to sell pride and optimism as means of reinventing Indian heritage—lending a global discourse traction.
An Ideology for Life?
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

Although Jana Natya Manch’s working-class theater poses an ideological challenge to hegemonic creativity for neoliberal capitalism and Hindu nationalism, this chapter analyzes the historical, affective and political incitements and messy collaborations between ideological opposites. This middle-class troupe’s plays dedicated to working-class struggles confront the challenge and decimation of labor struggle through a life-long commitment to Marxian critique. Far from an ahistorical commitment, their ‘ideology for life’ responds to contemporary challenges, in part by memorializing the personal, subjective, and spatial deaths of ideal leaders and sites of worker struggle. Memorialization and nostalgia largely distances them from working-class lives, but it makes their politics and performance effective sites for contemporary constructions of progressive middle-classness in Delhi whilst generating an inadvertent embrace of creative economies discourse.
Virtually Speechless
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This chapter deploys Diana Taylor’s terms of archive and repertoire to study Jana Natya Manch’s gender plays situating them in the debate between Indian socialism and feminism since the 1970s. Considering the troupe’s gender analysis as it coconstitutes their ideology for life, it demonstrates the troupe’s contributions to enriching the trade union movement, whilst mourning their neglect of informal, domestic labor, sexwork and caste intersectionalities. Janam’s archive of gender plays reflects the certainties of their ideology, whereas their repertoire unsettles, renders vulnerable, and opens up this ideology to the powerful potential of the unanticipated and messy in experiences of gender violence, activism, knowledge and labor. Archive and repertoire constitute two dimensions of the hunger called theatre—willful transgression and emotional intensities that nonetheless signify revolt.
Laughing at the Enemy
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This chapter examines Janam’s plays on religious violence to ask how Jana Natya Manch responds to the Hindu Right’s powerful constructions of religiosity as a site of genocidal violence in Delhi and Ahmedabad as well as the more ‘soft’ religious footprint of heritage projects. It argues that the troupe’s ideology for life produces a disparaging account of religion as political ideology most sharply expressed in their humorous critiques. Laughter diminishes the total efficacy of fascist violence over social life and possibility. However, the chapter argues, laughter is also an inadequate and even counterproductive response to popular genocide and corporatized religiosity. Ultimately, laughter consoles progressive political forces in the face of fascist violence whilst alienating those for whom religiosity is an everyday mode of belonging.
The Good Women of Chharanagar
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

This chapter continues to complicate the optimistic embrace of creative livelihoods and practices as a mode of transitioning away from criminality by attending to Budhan Theater’s gender politics and performance. Competing constructions of good work and good women rest on complex intersections and negotiations of histories of stigma based on criminality alongside histories of stigma attached to women performing onstage. The chapter argues that performance enables uneven class mobility and intense affective experiences of cross-dressing men. Ultimately although Budhan Theater leaders optimistically promote artistic practice and creative livelihoods their plays are also a tribute to the economic value, embodied strength, and moral meaning of illegal livelihoods of Chhara women offstage. Ultimately, this shows that Budhan Theater’s embrace of creative economy is hardly absolute.
Conclusion
Authors: Da Costa Dia
Published: September 2017

The conclusion draws out main findings and contributions of a book that provides historical, spatial and ethnographic specificity to creative economy discourses and their critiques. It calls for provincializing creative economy discourses everywhere that they circulate; charting out and seeing the relational constitution of what counts as creativity in hegemonic and unrecognized creative practices; and attending to a visceral materialism that traces the complex formation of embodied knowledge produced in structures of production, rule and feeling. Ultimately, the praxis of the two troupes and the creative, transformative potential embedded in their suffering, despair and pessimism not only indicates and explains their hunger called theater, it also reminds us to reimagine creative economy in the image of creativity rather than the other way around.
Alfred Bester
Authors: Smith Jad
Published: September 2017

Like Isaac Asimov and Robert A. Heinlein, science fiction author Alfred Bester started his career as a pulp writer and finished it as a Grand Master, but he followed a far more curious path to the field’s highest honor than either of his big-name contemporaries. He focused on SF only intermittently yet, as a result, developed a distinctive, outsider approach that opened up avenues for cutting-edge vanguards such as New Wave and cyberpunk. Making extensive use of Bester’s unpublished correspondence, this book carefully examines Bester’s entire career, giving particular attention to how his work across mediums, combined with his love of modernist and decadent authors, shaped his groundbreaking approach to science fiction. During the 1950s, Bester crossbred pulp aesthetics and high style to explosive effect, producing landmark novels and stories that crackled with excess and challenged the assumptions of Golden Age science fiction. His focus on language as a plot device and a tool for world-building, and his use of modernist style in the service of science-fictional extrapolation left the field changed forever. The book argues that what Bester brought to SF was not a radically new template but an idiosyncratic self-reflexivity about the writing and reading protocols of the genre that put the field into a highly productive and transformative dialogue with itself.
Beginnings
Authors: Smith Jad
Published: September 2017

This chapter shows how Bester’s early identification with Renaissance thinkers of broad and varied learning led him to think of science fiction as a Renaissance genre especially suited to mixing and marrying various influences and branches of knowledge. It also examines several of Bester’s early stories. “Voyage to Nowhere” represented Bester’s initial foray into pastiche, while “The White Man Who Was Tabu”—a little-known South Sea adventure published under the pseudonym Alexander Blade—signaled his interest in psychology and laid the groundwork for Ben Reich and Gully Foyle, the distinctive antiheroes of his trailblazing novels The Demolished Man and The Stars My Destination.
Comics, Radio, and the Return to SF
Authors: Smith Jad
Published: September 2017

During the 1940s, Bester scripted comics, radio mysteries, and teleplays, and developed a fast-paced, highly visual style that, along with an emphasis on psychological depth and language play, would later define his approach to SF. He also adopted writing practices (such as allowing ideas to gestate and recombine over time in a “gimmick” book) that fueled his explosive return to SF at the end of the decade. This chapter examines Bester’s growth into a seasoned writer and the circumstances of his return to SF. Particular attention is given to his parting of ways with John W. Campbell, to his budding relationship with Fantasy and Science Fiction editors Tony Boucher and J. Francis McComas, and to the stories “Oddy and Id” and “Of Time and Third Avenue.”