bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of a Tibial Osteochondral Allograft to Restore a Large Glenoid Osteochondral Defect
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Barlow Jonathan D. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: May 2015

Osteochondral disease of the glenoid is a well-known cause of shoulder pain and disability in young and active patients. The etiology can be multifactorial, and disease severity can exist across a wide spectrum. Symptoms can often interfere with athletic performance, job responsibilities, and activities of daily living. Although a number of cartilage restoration techniques exist for other joints, such as the hip, knee, ankle, and elbow, restorative options for glenoid osteochondral defects are currently limited. Given the success of osteochondral allograft transplantation in other joints, the authors hypothesized that osteochondral allograft transplantation may be a reasonable option in treating osteochondral disease of the glenoid if a suitable donor source could be identified. After performing the procedure in a cadaveric model, the authors found the articular geometry of the medial tibial plateau to closely resemble that of the glenoid articular surface. This graft option is advantageous because it is readily accessible from allograft tissue banks, whereas glenoid allografts are not currently available. After failure of extensive nonoperative treatment, a former multisport athlete underwent osteochondral allograft transplantation of a large glenoid defect with a medial tibial plateau osteochondral allograft. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in the subjective shoulder value (from 40% to 99%), QuickDASH score (from 36 to 2), and American Shoulder and Elbow Score (from 46 to 92). Ultimately, medial tibial plateau allograft was a viable option for treatment of an osteochondral glenoid defect in this patient, and additional study of this treatment strategy is warranted. [
Orthopedics
. 2015; 38(2):e147–e152.]
Can the external masculinization score predict the success of genetic testing in 46,XY DSD?
Authors: Su Ruthie , Adam Margaret P. , Ramsdell Linda , Fechner Patricia Y. , Shnorhavorian Margarett
Published: May 2015

Genetic testing is judiciously applied to individuals with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) and so it is necessary to identify those most likely to benefit from such testing. We hypothesized that the external masculinization score (EMS) is inversely associated with the likelihood of finding a pathogenic genetic variant. Patients with 46,XY DSD from a single institution evaluated from 1994–2014 were included. Results of advanced cytogenetic and gene sequencing tests were recorded. An EMS score (range 0–12) was assigned to each patient according to the team's initial external genitalia physical examination. During 1994–2011, 44 (40%) patients with 46,XY DSD were evaluated and underwent genetic testing beyond initial karyotype; 23% (10/44) had a genetic diagnosis made by gene sequencing or array. The median EMS score of those with an identified pathogenic variant was significantly different from those in whom no confirmed genetic cause was identified [median 3 (95% CI, 2–6) versus 6 (95% CI, 5–7), respectively (p = 0.02)], but limited to diagnoses of complete or partial androgen insensitivity (8/10) or 5α-reductase deficiency (2/10). In the modern cohort (2012–2014), the difference in median EMS in whom a genetic cause was or was not identified approached significance (p = 0.05, median 3 (95% CI, 0–7) versus 7 (95% CI, 6–9), respectively). When all patients from 1994–2014 are pooled, the EMS is significantly different amongst those with compared to those without a genetic cause (median EMS 3 vs. 6, p < 0.02). We conclude that an EMS of 3 or less may indicate a higher likelihood of identifying a genetic cause of 46,XY DSD and justify genetic screening, especially when androgen insensitivity is suspected.
The Effects of Digital Game Play on Second Language Interaction
Authors: Reinders Hayo , Wattana Sorada
Published: May 2015

This paper reports on a study into the effects of digital game play on learners' interaction in English as a foreign language. 30 Thai learners of English enrolled in a 15-week University language course completed 18 face-to-face classroom lessons, as well as six sessions playing Ragnarok Online, a popular online role-playing game. The game had been altered to include a number of quests for learners to complete. To gauge the effects of playing the games, participants' language use in both text and voice chats was recorded and analysed. Game play resulted in a large and significant increase in English interaction that used a wider range of discourse functions, and also resulted in significantly more frequent contributions compared with English interaction in class. We discuss some of the theoretical and pedagogical implications of these findings.
Satisfaction Analysis of Experiential Learning-Based Popular Science Education
Authors: Dzan Wei-Yuan , Tsai Huei-Yin , Lou Shi-Jer , Shih Ru-Chu
Published: May 2015

This study employed Kolb's experiential learning model-specific experiences, observations of reflections, abstract conceptualization, and experiment-action in activities to serve as the theoretical basis for popular science education planning. It designed the six activity themes of “Knowledge of the Ocean, Easy to Know, See the Large from the Small, Challenge of Vessel Knowledge, Do It Yourself, and Small Book”, with the National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM) as the research site. A questionnaire survey was distributed to 660 visitors who participated in “Large Ship! Formosa! Popular Science Education” to understand their satisfaction and preferences of the activities. The findings of the study suggest that participants were highly satisfied with the activity theme content, learning effects, and the environment and equipment. They also preferred hands-on types of activities. Particularly, “fun and interesting” and “broadening knowledge” are important factors influencing participants' willingness of participation. Finally, the results can be provided to educators, practitioners, and administrators for future promotion of popular science education.
A Systematic Mapping on the Learning Analytics Field and Its Analysis in the Massive Open Online Courses Context
Authors: Moissa Barbara , Gasparini Isabela , Kemczinski Avanilde
Published: May 2015

Learning Analytics (LA) is a field that aims to optimize learning through the study of dynamical processes occurring in the students' context. It covers the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of data about students and their contexts. This study aims at surveying existing research on LA to identify approaches, topics, and needs for future research. A systematic mapping study is launched to find as much literature as possible. The 127 papers found (resulting in 116 works) are classified with respect to goals, data types, techniques, stakeholders and interventions. Despite the increasing interest in field, there are no studies relating it to the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) context. The goal of this paper is twofold, first we present the systematic mapping on LA and after we analyze its findings in the MOOCs context. As results we provide an overview of LA and identify perspectives and challenges in the MOOCs context.
Auto Grouping and Peer Grading System in Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
Authors: Chiou Yi , Shih Timothy K.
Published: May 2015

E-learning is a progressive way of learning through online courses. Instructors pass information to learners via context and videos embedded in active webpages, so that learners intake knowledge of what they need. Now e-learning is not simply providing course materials, while the trend of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is recently applied widely, the concept of flipped classroom is well deployed everywhere. Courses are designed more practical, suitable, and problem-solving inclined. By this way, learners' learning effectiveness and learning motivation are triggered. In this research, the authors will develop an online learning platform and improve the existing methods of peer grouping and peer assessment, to promote the concept of MOOCs.
A Note on How to Conduct a Factor-Based PLS-SEM Analysis
Authors: Kock Ned
Published: May 2015

The composite-factor estimation dichotomy has been the epicenter of a long and ongoing debate among proponents and detractors of the use of the partial least squares (PLS) approach for structural equation modeling (SEM). In this brief research note the author discusses the implementation of a new method to conduct factor-based PLS-SEM analyses, which could be a solid step in the resolution of this debate. This method generates estimates of both true composites and factors, in two stages, fully accounting for measurement error. The author's discussion is based on an illustrative model in the field of e-collaboration. A Monte Carlo experiment suggests that model parameters generated by the method are asymptotically unbiased. The method is implemented as part of the software WarpPLS, starting in version 5.0. This note provides enough details for the method's implementation in other venues such as R and GNU Octave.
E-Collaboration, Public Relations and Crises Management in UAE Organizations
Authors: Al-Jenaibi Badreya
Published: May 2015

It is crucial for a company to preserve its image and reputation, and public relations (PR) and—ever-increasingly—e-collaboration play a vital role in accomplishing this goal. This study investigates strategies that help an organization rejuvenate its image after damage caused by various crises. It is important to know which PR strategies best engage stakeholders, because companies must maintain healthy relationships with all stake-holding entities in order to survive. A case study was conducted to explore what circumstances can compromise a company's image and what role a PR department would optimally play in rejuvenating it. To gain valuable insights into this topic, interviews were conducted with 28 PR professionals working in organizations that faced some crisis in the United Arab Emirates, with a particular focus on how e-collaboration can factor into the effective resolution of corporate crises within the PR department and the execution of its larger crisis resolution plan. Results suggest that PR plays a critical role during crisis management: through on-the-ground PR teams and e-collaboration, organizations can turn adverse situations to their favor and preserve reputations that would otherwise be tarnished or outright destroyed. PR should not delay designating culpability during a crisis, and should also oversee correction of the situation and help managers investigate the matter when necessary. In doing this quickly, efficiently, and competently, organizations can minimize the negative impact a crisis may have in the public eye, and because time is of the essence during crisis situations, e-collaboration plays a major role in optimizing positive outcomes in these situations.
Improving Quality of Services in Maternity Care Triage System
Authors: Abelha António , Pereira Eliana , Brandão Andreia , Portela Filipe , Santos Manuel Filipe , Machado José , Braga Jorge
Published: May 2015

The main objectives in triage are to improve the quality of care and reduce the risks associated to the waiting time in emergency care. Thus, an efficient triage is a good way to avoid some future problems and how much quicker it is, more the patient can benefit. The most common triage system is the Manchester Triage System that is a reliable system focused in the emergency department of a hospital. However, its use is more suitable for more widespread medical emergencies and not for specialized cases, like Gynecological and Obstetrics emergencies. To overcome these limitations, an alternative pre-triage system, integrated into an intelligent decision support system, was developed in order to better characterize the patient and correctly defined her as urgent or not. This system allows the increase of patient's safety, especially women who need immediate care. This paper includes the workflow that describes the decision process in real time in the emergency department, when women are submitted to triage and identify points of evolution.
Software Defined Cognitive Radio Network Framework
Authors: Jararweh Yaser , Al-Ayyoub Mahmoud , Doulat Ahmad , Al Aziz Ahmad Al Abed , Salameh Haythem A. Bany , Khreishah Abdallah A.
Published: May 2015

Software defined networking (SDN) provides a novel network resource management framework that overcomes several challenges related to network resources management. On the other hand, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology is a promising paradigm for addressing the spectrum scarcity problem through efficient dynamic spectrum access (DSA). In this paper, the authors introduce a virtualization based SDN resource management framework for cognitive radio networks (CRNs). The framework uses the concept of multilayer hypervisors for efficient resources allocation. It also introduces a semi-decentralized control scheme that allows the CRN Base Station (BS) to delegate some of the management responsibilities to the network users. The main objective of the proposed framework is to reduce the CR users' reliance on the CRN BS and physical network resources while improving the network performance by reducing the control overhead.
Comparative Study on Workplace Collaboration across the Leading Global Organizations in IT Sector
Authors: Sinha Vinita , Merchant Aditi , Dangar Nupur , Agal Paridhi , Sharma Pratiksha
Published: May 2015

The significant role of work place collaboration has been widely felt across the globe due to diversity and highly changing organizational dynamics. Six components emerged from the relevant management and organizational behavior regarding how managers built unity through collaboration and create a conducive environment for work and productivity. They are known as –teaming, motivating subordinate, career counseling, communicating with subordinate, professional relationships, issues related to morale and quality of work life. The present piece of work is a study of work place collaboration on 60 employees belonging from 6 different organizations. . Self-assessment inventory on work place collaboration have been used to assess those six factors. The results revealed that there is a significant gap between “what is” and “what should be” across all the six components of work place collaboration. Correlation values also suggest the differential degree of correlation between the six factors for each organization. The findings have been discussed in terms of the organizational & IT Sector's perspectives.
Time Up for Phishing with Effective Anti-Phishing Research Strategies
Authors: Chaudhary Sunil , Berki Eleni , Li Linfeng , Valtanen Juri
Published: May 2015

Public awareness is a significant factor in the battle against online identity theft (phishing). Advancing public readiness can be a strategic protection mechanism for citizens' vulnerability and privacy. Further, an effective research strategy against phishing is the combination of increased social awareness with software quality and social computing. The latter will decrease phishing victims and will improve information systems quality. First, the authors discuss recent research results on software quality criteria used for the design of anti-phishing technologies. Second, it is argued that the dynamics of social surroundings affect citizens' trust and can compromise social security. Third, the authors outline basic research needs and strategic steps to be taken for timely citizens' protection. Last, the authors propose strategic research directions for improving information systems total quality management through international collaborative research and by focusing on: i) increasing social awareness; ii) predicting information phishing attempts; iii) adopting social computing approaches.
Clinical governance and internal medicine: a marriage of convenience?
Authors: Nuzzo Vincenzo , Foglia Emanuela , Attardo Tiziana , Canale Clelia , Di Lillo Mariangela , Fiorin Lorenzo , La Regina Micaela , Maffettone Ada , Montemurro Domenico , Mazzone Antonino , Clinical Governance For the Master Course in
Published: May 2015

Amplification in health expectations, increase in new technologies, decrease in economic resources and the breakdown of traditional control systems have led to the development of clinical governance (CG). The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the application of CG tools in significant sample of Italian internal medicine wards (IMW). A 37-item questionnaire was developed and administered to 39 physicians, within 33 IMWs throughout Italy. Thanks to the data analysis, the perceived usefulness, the utilization rate of CG tools, the correlations between CG use, wards characteristics, and/or localization were studied. We identified at what organizational level the CG tools were applied and used. fifty-two percent of the studied tools were being used in the investigated hospitals. The average utility and utilization rate was different depending on the region of provenance. This research showed that CG is a methodology often used by Italian hospitals physicians, especially for inpatient care. The encouraging results of this pilot study could suggest opportunities to extend the survey at national level, to generalize the results.
Конечномерные представления эллиптического модулярного дубля
Authors: Derkachov Sergei Eduardovich , Spiridonov Vyacheslav Pavlovich
Published: May 2015

Изучается ядро интегрального оператора $\mathrm M(g)$, который зависит от "спина" $g$ и описывает некоторое эллиптическое преобразование Фурье. Оператор $\mathrm M(g)$ является сплетающим для эллиптического модулярного дубля, образованного из пары алгебр Склянина с параметрами $\eta$ и $\tau$, $\operatorname{Im}\tau>0$, $\operatorname{Im}\eta>0$. Для двумерных решеток $g=n\eta+m\tau/2$ и $g=1/2+n\eta+m\tau/2$ с несоизмеримыми величинами $1,2\eta,\tau$ и с целыми числами $n,m>0$ оператор $\mathrm M(g)$ имеет конечномерное ядро, состоящее из произведений тета-функций с двумя различными модулярными параметрами, которое инвариантно относительно действия генераторов эллиптического модулярного дубля.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bist SS , Mishra Sarita , Agrawal Vinish , Gairola Priyanka
Published: May 2015

Introduction

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a global health problem affecting approximately 14% of the population of all age groups. CRS has a significant adverse impact on quality of life of the patients.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients suffering from CRS with that of normal population and to assess the association between objective nasal endoscopic score, self-rated symptom score and quality of life (QoL) score.

Methodology

This was a prospective study conducted over a period of 12 months. A total of 110 cases of CRS and 50 normal subjects taken as controls were recruited from out patients department. Patients diagnosed as a case CRS were subjected to rhinosinusitis disability index (RSDI), subjective QoL questionnaires and self-rated symptom score in their vernacular language followed by diagnostic nasal endoscopy, using 0° rigid endoscope (4 mm).

Results

This study revealed that the mean ± SD total QoL score in the patients was 50.2 ± 14.9 (15-94) which was significantly affected as compared to control group where it was only 18.2 ± 9.15 (3-47). The mean ± SD of the functional, emotional and physical domains were 17.6 ± 5.46 (4-34), 16.5 ± 8.29 (5-88) and 16.5 ± 5.84 (2-35) respectively. There was no correlation between endoscopic score and the patient's self-rated symptom score or RSDI score. The correlation between the self-rated symptom score and total QoL score was significant (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

On comparing the QoL in the patients of CRS with the controls, it was observed that QoL was affected more in the patients of CRS in the physical, functional and emotional domain of their life. CRS has considerable adverse impact on QoL of patients and RSDI is a valuable tool in assessing the QoL in patients of CRS.

How to cite this article

Gairola P, Bist SS, Mishra S, Agrawal V. Assessment of Quality of Life in Patients of Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):96-99.
Frontal Meningoencephalocele: Changing Trends
Authors: Patro Sourabha K , Nabh Varun
Published: May 2015

Frontal sinus defects involving the posterior table has always been challenging for the otolaryngologists. It traditionally involved open approaches like osteoplastic approach for the repair of defects or fractures involving the posterior table of frontal sinus. Better instrumentation, technique, and experience have increased the feasibility of endoscopic repair of frontal sinus skull-base defects. With the increased possibilities of endoscopic approach and instrumentation for the frontal sinus, an endoscopic repair of a posterior table defect with a meningoencephalocele in a long standing post-traumatic case has been described.

How to cite this article

Gupta AK, Patro SK, Nabh V. Frontal Meningoencephalocele: Changing Trends. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):125-129.
Congenital Lateral Nasal Proboscis with Orbital Mass
Authors: Saikia Uma Nahar , Kaur Balwinder
Published: May 2015

Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial malformation frequently associated with congenital ocular abnormalities. These abnormalities included anophthalmia, microphthalmia, microcornea, lenticular opacities, cyclopean eye, and colobomas of the choroid, retina, iris and eyelids. We report a case of unilateral proboscis lateralis in a newborn infant with an associated solid orbital mass.

How to cite this article

Kaur B, Bansal S, Saikia UN, Gupta P. Congenital Lateral Nasal Proboscis with Orbital Mass. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2014;7(3):139-141.
Assessing domestic water use habits for more effective water awareness campaigns during drought periods: a case study in Alicante, eastern Spain
Authors: March H. , Hernández M. , Saurí D.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The design of water awareness campaigns could benefit from knowledge of the specific characteristics of domestic water use and the factors that may influence certain water consumption habits. This paper investigates water use in 450 households in 10 municipalities of drought-prone Alicante (Spain). We aim to increase knowledge about existing domestic water behaviors and therefore help to improve the design and implementation of future water awareness campaigns and even to consolidate reductions in water use after drought periods. The survey suggests that awareness campaigns should revise their scope and their channels of diffusion on a regular basis. In a more specific way, for the Alicante case we propose policy-oriented recommendations on the scope of action for further reductions.
Multivariate localization methods for ensemble Kalman filtering
Authors: Roh S. , Jun M. , Szunyogh I. , Genton M. G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF), the small number of ensemble members that is feasible to use in a practical data assimilation application leads to sampling variability of the estimates of the background error covariances. The standard approach to reducing the effects of this sampling variability, which has also been found to be highly efficient in improving the performance of EnKF, is the localization of the estimates of the covariances. One family of localization techniques is based on taking the Schur (entry-wise) product of the ensemble-based sample covariance matrix and a correlation matrix whose entries are obtained by the discretization of a distance-dependent correlation function. While the proper definition of the localization function for a single state variable has been extensively investigated, a rigorous definition of the localization function for multiple state variables has been seldom considered. This paper introduces two strategies for the construction of localization functions for multiple state variables. The proposed localization functions are tested by assimilating simulated observations experiments into the bivariate Lorenz 95 model with their help.
Risk Management in Rural and Community Banks: The Ghanaian Experience
Authors: Ayam Justice Ray Achoanya , Ahinful Gabriel S.
Published: May 2015

Despite the significance of effective risk management practices in deepening prudent financial management in Ghana's Rural and Community Banks (RCBs) there appear to be a paucity of empirical studies highlighting the various kinds of risks faced by RCBs. Such studies will enhance RCBs understanding of the extent to which Ghana's RCBs operations are affected by ineffective risk management practices. The purpose of this paper therefore is to examine the extent to which Ghanaian Rural and Community Banks deploy risk management practices in addressing the types of risk affecting their operations using data through a survey involving respondents from Rural and Community Banks and Bank of Ghana/ARB Apex bank. The study uses primary data collected through survey questionnaire from respondents sampled from the RCBs and the Bank of Ghana/ARB/Apex Bank. The research also uses secondary data collected from the ARB/Apex Bank quarterly reports on Rural and Community Banks operations in Ghana. Our empirical findings indicate that credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk and legal /regulatory risk are the major forms of risk affecting rural and community banks in Ghana. The paper recommends the enforcement of risk management regulations by the ARB Apex Bank and the Bank of Ghana. On the other hand, Rural and community banks should create risk management department and recruit qualified and experience personnel to ensure effective and efficient risk management practices. The research focused on Rural and Community Banks in Ghana and as such the results may not necessarily represent RCBs in other countries.
Centralization of Risk Management in Business Companies: A Case Study on the Role of Specialist Departments
Authors: Schwandt Michael
Published: May 2015

As part of his Ph.D. studies, the author researches risk management in project business and focuses on the construction industry. This paper deals with the intra-company organization of risk management. In particular, it examines advantages and disadvantages of centralization and decentralization of risk management. First, the paper deals with various aspects of risk management on theoretical level, ways of organizing risk management structures and relating decision criteria as well as the relevant tasks of specialist departments. Methodology of further research is based on a case study that explores details of centralization and decentralization in business practice. In the center of the case study is the company Bilfinger Berger Civil, a large, international construction company, which is an active player in the project business and has already carried out a variety of construction projects successfully. On the one hand, the company units and persons involved in Bilfinger’s risk management are introduced; on the other hand the tasks of the Group’s centralized departments are illuminated in detail. This includes the Corporate Legal, Internal Auditing, Corporate Treasury, Group Controlling and Project Controlling departments. The risk management of Bilfinger Berger Civil is finally assessed in form of a summary. As a main result the reader gains information about theories on structuring risk management within business companies and numerous impressions on the practical application in a real construction company.
Food Aid Procurement and Transportation Decision-making in Governmental Agencies:
Authors: Özpolat Koray , Ribbink Dina , Hales Douglas N. , Windle Robert J.
Published: May 2015

This article conceptually and empirically examines sourcing of food aid, comparing the approaches promoted by the United States with those of the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU). In the recipient country approach (RCA) promoted by the United Nations and the European Union, transaction cost economics (TCE) suggests that RCA provides faster aid with fewer transaction costs. In the donor country approach (DCA) practiced by the United States, the resource-based view (RBV) suggests that the superior resources of a donor country assure a higher quality, safer, and plentiful food supply. Using a comparative case analysis with data provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), we provide evidence that RCA and DCA as practiced in reality are both suboptimal. Improved sourcing and transportation options computed through quantitative methods can offer significant benefits over both approaches. We propose a contingency approach that reduces landed costs of food aid by giving governmental relief organizations more flexibility in RCA versus DCA sourcing, which can be justified by resource dependency theory (RDT). Our findings contribute to the decision-making and policy discussion about the efficiency of governmental food-aid programs.
Counting the Minutes—Measuring Truck Driver Time Efficiency
Authors: Prockl Günter , Sternberg Henrik
Published: May 2015

How truck drivers spend their time is crucial to the profitability of motor carriers. However, the aspect of time has been marginally addressed in industry practice and academic literature on motor-carrier strategies and operations. Given the importance of the drivers in transport operations, the purpose of this article is to outline how driver time in motor-carrier operations can be measured using various methods. The underlying empirical data related to transport efficiency have been collected over five years throughout numerous projects in Europe. The article summarizes the experiences from the measurements carried out in these projects. In total, 80 drivers from 22 motor carriers were measured using different types of participant observations and driver self-observation. Practitioners addressing drivers' time use will find important principles to guide their work in measuring drivers' activities. For future research into driver activities, we suggest using the nine activity categories proposed in our note.
Single-Incision, Laparoscopic-Assisted Jejunal Resection and Anastomosis Following a Gunshot Wound
Authors: Rubin Jacob A. , Shigemoto Reynsen , Reese David J. , Case J. Brad
Published: May 2015

A 2 yr old castrated male Pomeranian was evaluated for a 6 wk history of chronic vomiting, intermittent anorexia, and lethargy. Physical examination revealed a palpable, nonpainful, soft-tissue mass in the midabdominal area. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound revealed a focal, eccentric thickening of the jejunal wall with associated jejunal mural foreign body and partial mechanical obstruction. Following diagnosis of a partial intestinal obstruction as the cause of chronic vomiting, the patient underwent general anesthesia for a laparoscopic-assisted, midjejunal resection and anastomosis using a single-incision laparoscopic surgery port. The patient was discharged the day after surgery, and clinical signs abated according to information obtained during a telephone interview conducted 2 and 8 wk postoperatively. The dog described in this report is a unique case of partial intestinal obstruction treated by laparoscopic-assisted resection and anastomosis using a single-incision laparoscopic surgery port.
Generalized Canine Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Responsive to Tetracycline and Niacinamide Therapy
Authors: Rossi Michael A. , Messinger Linda M. , Linder Keith E. , Olivry Thierry
Published: May 2015

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a commonly reported canine autoimmune disease that normally presents with a phenotype consisting of erythema, depigmentation, scaling, erosions/ulcers, and scarring over the nasal planum and the proximal dorsal muzzle. Recently, two cases of a generalized variant of this disease have been reported, whose lesions responded to either systemic glucocorticoids or a combination of topical corticosteroids, topical tacrolimus, and the oral antimalarial hydroxychloroquine. The purpose of this report is to describe an 11 yr old shih tzu that presented with skin lesions consisting of multiple annular, erythematous papules and plaques, hyperpigmentation, adherent scaling, and atrophic scars over the caudal dorsum, flanks, craniodorsal thorax, and lateroproximal extremities. A diagnosis of generalized DLE was made based on the clinical presentation, histopathology, laboratory values, and direct immunofluorescence findings. Treatment consisted of oral tetracycline and oral niacinamide, which resulted in complete remission of clinical signs. This is the first documented report of generalized canine DLE responding to the described immunomodulating regimen. Such a combination might therefore be considered as a glucocorticoid and/or antimalarial alternative for the management of generalized DLE.
Fatal Venous Air Embolism During Anesthesia in an Apparently Healthy Adult Chihuahua*
Authors: Mouser Pamela J. , Wilson Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2015

An apparently healthy adult female Chihuahua was presented for elective ovariohysterectomy. After induction of general anesthesia, but prior to the start of the surgery, air was inadvertently administered to the patient via the IV fluid line. The patient convulsed, became apneic, arrested, and died despite attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At necropsy, the pericardial sac was incised and filled with water to entirely submerge the intact heart. The right ventricular free wall was punctured, releasing several air bubbles from the right ventricle. Death was attributed to venous air embolism based on the clinical history, gross findings, and paucity of underlying gross and microscopic pathology that might have predisposed the dog to an anesthetic-related death. The discussion of this case includes a review of previously reported veterinary cases of fatal venous air embolism, including the varied mechanisms of embolus formation, the potential impact of pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease, and the methods used to detect emboli. This report outlines the events of fatal iatrogenic venous air embolization and emphasizes the importance of considering this entity in the case of sudden death of a patient with an indwelling catheter in order to pursue either appropriate diagnostic tests or necropsy techniques to aid in the diagnosis.
Primary Lumbar Extradural Hemangiosarcoma in a Dog
Authors: Paek Matthew , Glass Eric , Kent Marc , Clifford Craig A. , De Lahunta Alexander
Published: May 2015

A 9 yr old castrated male golden retriever weighing 36 kg was presented for evaluation of progressive left pelvic limb paresis and fecal and urinary incontinence. MRI demonstrated an extradural, ovoid mass compressing the lumbar spinal cord. Surgical excision of the mass was performed. Histologically, the mass was consistent with hemangiosarcoma with no involvement of the adjacent vertebrae. The dog underwent a doxorubicin-based chemotherapy protocol with the addition of oral cyclophosphamide. After completion of chemotherapy, the dog was evaluated q 4 mo for restaging. Clinicopathological evidence of primary tumor recurrence or metastatic disease was not detected for 15 mo after initial diagnosis and treatment. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a primary extradural hemangiosarcoma in the lumbar vertebral column in a dog. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome are also discussed.
Neuromuscular Signs Associated with Acute Hypophosphatemia in a Dog
Authors: Claus Kimberly N. , Day Thomas K. , Wolf Christina
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this report was to describe the successful recognition and management of neuromuscular dysfunction secondary to severe, acute hypophosphatemia in an adult dog with a 2 day history of vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Radiographs were suggestive of a foreign body obstruction, and surgery was recommended. Resection and anastomosis of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum was performed. The dog recovered uneventfully, but approximately 36 hr postoperatively, he was found to have significant weakness and muscle tremors that were accompanied by hyperthermia. The only significant abnormality on a serum biochemical profile was a phosphorous level of 0.26mmol/L. Within 6 hr of initiating phosphorous supplementation, the patient fully recovered and had no residual signs of neuromuscular dysfunction. Signs of neurologic dysfunction secondary to hypophosphatemia are commonly recognized in human patients. Reports of patients with severe muscle weakness, some of which necessitate ventilation due to weakening of muscles of respiration, are common throughout the literature. Less commonly, tremors are noted. This is the first known report of neuromuscular signs recognized and rapidly corrected in a dog. Although it is likely to be uncommon, hypophosphatemia should be recognized as a differential diagnosis in patients with tremors and/or muscle weakness.
Taxonomy of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in the Northern Holarctic, with the description of four new species
Authors: Heller Kai , Hippa Heikki , Vilkamaa Pekka
Published: May 2015

Four species of Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) from the Northern Holarctic are described and illustrated for the first time: Bradysia bigeminata sp. nov. (Finland, Canada), B. falciceps, sp. nov. (Finland, Canada), B. oelandica sp. nov. (Sweden) and B. plusiospina sp. nov. (Finland). A few Bradysia species, described previously and now found in Northern Europe, are also redefined and illustrated.
Book Review: Multiple Perspectives of Teacher Noticing: An Emerging Area of Research
Authors: Schack Edna O. , Fisher Molly H. , Thomas Jonathan N.
Published: May 2015

“Noticing matters” (p. 223). Through these words in the concluding chapter, Alan Schoenfeld succinctly captures the theme of this seminal book, Mathematics Teacher Noticing: Seeing Through Teachers' Eyes. The book received the American Education Research Association 2013 Exemplary Research in Teaching and Teacher Education Award. It addresses a variety of meanings and interpretations of teacher noticing from Dewey's earlier work of inner and outer attention to more specific variations such as that of professional noticing, as defined by Jacobs, Lamb, and Philipp. Chapter contributors have provided the foundation and framing of teacher noticing as a construct for studying and improving teaching.
The mammalian lectin galectin-8 induces RANKL expression, osteoclastogenesis, and bone mass reduction in mice
Authors: Vinik Yaron , Shatz-Azoulay Hadas , Vivanti Alessia , Hever Navit , Levy Yifat , Karmona Rotem , Brumfeld Vlad , Baraghithy Saja , Attar-Lamdar Malka , Boura-Halfon Sigalit , Bab Itai , Zick Yehiel
Published: May 2015

Skeletal integrity is maintained by the co-ordinated activity of osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, and osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells. In this study, we show that mice overexpressing galectin-8, a secreted mammalian lectin of the galectins family, exhibit accelerated osteoclasts activity and bone turnover, which culminates in reduced bone mass, similar to cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis and cancerous osteolysis. This phenotype can be attributed to a direct action of galectin-8 on primary cultures of osteoblasts that secrete the osteoclastogenic factor RANKL upon binding of galectin-8. This results in enhanced differentiation into osteoclasts of the bone marrow cells co-cultured with galectin-8-treated osteoblasts. Secretion of RANKL by galectin-8-treated osteoblasts can be attributed to binding of galectin-8 to receptor complexes that positively (uPAR and MRC2) and negatively (LRP1) regulate galectin-8 function. Our findings identify galectins as new players in osteoclastogenesis and bone remodeling, and highlight a potential regulation of bone mass by animal lectins.
Receptor tyrosine kinases modulate distinct transcriptional programs by differential usage of intracellular pathways
Authors: Vasudevan Harish N , Mazot Pierre , He Fenglei , Soriano Philippe
Published: May 2015

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) signal through shared intracellular pathways yet mediate distinct outcomes across many cell types. To investigate the mechanisms underlying RTK specificity in craniofacial development, we performed RNA-seq to delineate the transcriptional response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme cells. While the early gene expression profile induced by both growth factors is qualitatively similar, the late response is divergent. Comparing the effect of MEK (Mitogen/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and PI3K (phosphoinositide-3-kinase) inhibition, we find the FGF response is MEK dependent, while the PDGF response is PI3K dependent. Furthermore, FGF promotes proliferation but PDGF favors differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate overlapping domains of PDGF-PI3K signaling and osteoblast differentiation in the palate and increased osteogenesis in FGF mutants, indicating this differentiation circuit is conserved in vivo. Our results identify distinct responses to PDGF and FGF and provide insight into the mechanisms encoding RTK specificity.
Local chromatin environment of a Polycomb target gene instructs its own epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Berry Scott , Hartley Matthew , Olsson Tjelvar S G , Dean Caroline , Howard Martin
Published: May 2015

Inheritance of gene expression states is fundamental for cells to ‘remember’ past events, such as environmental or developmental cues. The conserved Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) maintains epigenetic repression of many genes in animals and plants and modifies chromatin at its targets. Histones modified by PRC2 can be inherited through cell division. However, it remains unclear whether this inheritance can direct long-term memory of individual gene expression states (cis memory) or instead if local chromatin states are dictated by the concentrations of diffusible factors (trans memory). By monitoring the expression of two copies of the Arabidopsis Polycomb target gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in the same plants, we show that one copy can be repressed while the other is active. Furthermore, this ‘mixed’ expression state is inherited through many cell divisions as plants develop. These data demonstrate that epigenetic memory of FLC expression is stored not in trans but in cis.
Malaria-associated atypical memory B cells exhibit markedly reduced B cell receptor signaling and effector function
Authors: Portugal Silvia , Tipton Christopher M , Sohn Haewon , Kone Younoussou , Wang Jing , Li Shanping , Skinner Jeff , Virtaneva Kimmo , Sturdevant Daniel E , Porcella Stephen F , Doumbo Ogobara K , Doumbo Safiatou , Kayentao Kassoum , Ongoiba Aissata , Traore Boubacar , Sanz Inaki , Pierce Susan K , Crompton Peter D
Published: May 2015

Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in atypical memory B cells (MBCs) that resemble B cells expanded in a variety of persistent viral infections. Understanding the function of atypical MBCs and their relationship to classical MBCs will be critical to developing effective vaccines for malaria and other chronic infections. We show that VH gene repertoires and somatic hypermutation rates of atypical and classical MBCs are indistinguishable indicating a common developmental history. Atypical MBCs express an array of inhibitory receptors and B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is stunted in atypical MBCs resulting in impaired B cell responses including proliferation, cytokine production and antibody secretion. Thus, in response to chronic malaria exposure, atypical MBCs appear to differentiate from classical MBCs becoming refractory to BCR-mediated activation and potentially interfering with the acquisition of malaria immunity.
Accounting for vegetation height and wind direction to correct eddy covariance measurements of energy fluxes over hilly crop fields
Authors: Zitouna‐Chebbi Rim , Prévot Laurent , Jacob Frédéric , Voltz Marc
Published: May 2015

As agricultural hilly watersheds are widespread throughout the world, there is a strong need for reliable estimates of land surface fluxes, especially evapotranspiration, over crop fields on hilly slopes. In order to obtain reliable estimates from eddy covariance (EC) measurements in such conditions, the current study aimed at proposing adequate planar fit tilt corrections that account for the combined effects of topography, wind direction, and vegetation height on airflow inclinations. EC measurements were collected within an agricultural hilly watershed in northeastern Tunisia, throughout the growth cycles of cereals, legumes, and pasture. The wind had two dominant directions that induced upslope and downslope winds. For upslope winds, the airflows were parallel to the slopes and slightly came closer to the horizontal plane when vegetation grew. For downslope winds, over fields located in the lee of the rim top, the airflows were almost horizontal over bare soil and came closer to the topographical slope when vegetation grew. We therefore adjusted the planar fit tilt correction on EC measurements according to vegetation height and by discriminating between upslope and downslope winds. This adjusted tilt correction improved the energy balance closure in most cases, and the obtained energy balance closures were similar to that reported in the literature for flat conditions. We conclude that EC data collected within crop fields on hilly slopes can be used for monitoring land surface fluxes, provided planar fit tilt corrections are applied in an appropriate manner.
Decadal covariability of Atlantic SSTs and western Amazon dry‐season hydroclimate in observations and CMIP5 simulations
Authors: Fernandes Katia , Giannini Alessandra , Verchot Louis , Baethgen Walter , Pinedo‐Vasquez Miguel
Published: May 2015

The unusual severity and return time of the 2005 and 2010 dry‐season droughts in western Amazon is attributed partly to decadal climate fluctuations and a modest drying trend. Decadal variability of western Amazon hydroclimate is highly correlated to the Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) north‐south gradient (NSG). Shifts of dry and wet events frequencies are also related to the NSG phase, with a 66% chance of 3+ years of dry events per decade when NSG > 0 and 19% when NSG < 0. The western Amazon and NSG decadal covariability is well reproduced in general circulation models (GCMs) historical (HIST) and preindustrial control (PIC) experiments of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The HIST and PIC also reproduce the shifts in dry and wet events probabilities, indicating potential for decadal predictability based on GCMs. Persistence of the current NSG positive phase favors above normal frequency of western Amazon dry events in coming decades.
Variability of helium, neon, and argon in the lunar exosphere as observed by the LADEE NMS instrument
Authors: Benna M. , Mahaffy P. R. , Halekas J. S. , Elphic R. C. , Delory G. T.
Published: May 2015

The Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS) onboard the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) provided the first global characterization of He and Ar along with the discovery of Ne in the lunar exosphere. The mapping of the equatorial distribution of these noble gases revealed new selenographic and temporal variations. Helium was found to be controlled by the supply of solar wind alpha particles and by the presence of an endogenous source that supplies the exosphere at a rate of 1.9 × 1023 atoms s−1. Neon was detected over the nightside at levels comparable to He and was found to exhibit the spatial distribution of a surface accommodated noncondensable gas. The global measurements of NMS revealed the presence of a localized Ar enhancement that has never been identified before at the western maria. The variability resulting from this local enhancement is coupled to a more global but transient source.