bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative scenarios for future hydrologic extremes in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Mullens Esther D. , McPherson Renee A.
Published: December 2018

Decision‐makers using climate projection information are often faced with the problem of data breadth, complexity, and uncertainty, which complicates the translation of climate science products in addressing management challenges. Recently, the concept of climate scenario planning attempts to simplify climate information by developing a series of plausible future “storylines.” In some cases, however, these storylines lack quantitative detail on extremes that may be useful to decision‐makers. Here, we analyse a large suite of statistically downscaled climate projections from two methods to develop quantitative projections for hydrologic extremes (heavy precipitation and drought) across Oklahoma and Texas in the United States. Downscaled projections are grouped into four specific temperature/precipitation scenarios, including “Warm/Wet,” “Hot/Dry,” “Central Tendency,” and the full multi‐model ensemble average. The region is split into three sub‐domains spanning the region's west–east precipitation gradient, and projections are examined throughout the mid‐ and late‐21st century, using two emissions scenarios (“mid‐range” and “high”). Most scenarios project increased frequency and duration of moderate or greater drought across the whole domain, with the high‐emissions Hot/Dry projections showing the most severe examples. The Warm/Wet scenario also increases the frequency of dry months, particularly in the Southern High Plains, but does not discernably alter duration, and retains a similar frequency of pluvial (wet) periods. The mid‐range projections generally retain similar evolutions among scenarios, but they reduce drought intensity and project no change in drought/pluvial frequency with the Warm/Wet scenario. Notably, the occurrence of intense precipitation increases across all scenarios and emissions categories and does not significantly differ between any of the scenarios, including Hot/Dry versus Warm/Wet. Some observed differences in extreme precipitation magnitudes between the two downscaled data sets are briefly discussed.
Intravasation Affects the Diagnostic Image Quality of Transvaginal 4‐Dimensional Hysterosalpingo‐Contrast Sonography With SonoVue
Authors: He Yanni , Wu Haorong , Xiong Ran , Liu Hongmei , Shi Jiayao , Xu Jingjiao , Zhang Ning , Liu Yu
Published: December 2018

Objectives

We aim to retrospectively analyze the diagnostic image quality of transvaginal 4‐dimensional hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography from infertile patients and determine the significant influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 445 patients visiting infertility clinics were included in the study, of which 167 were primary infertile and 278 were secondary infertile. The factors were recorded, including age; examination time; infertility type; history of pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic surgery, intrauterine surgery, and ectopic pregnancy; endometrial thickness; uterine position; ovarian position; 2‐dimensional image quality; intravasation quantity, position, and time; balloon volume; and the dosage of contrast agent or the sterile saline solution. All the factors were compared among different diagnostic image quality groups. The method of rank logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the risk factors affecting the diagnostic image quality.

Results

Among the 445 infertile patients, 124 (27.9%) patients had intravasation occur during transvaginal 4‐dimensional hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography. The diagnostic image quality between the 2 sonographers was consistent (Cronbach's alpha, 0.993). Different intravasation quantities, positions, and times; increased of balloon volume; and history of pelvic surgery were substantial risk factors for the diagnostic image quality. The diagnostic image quality diminished with the increase of intravasation. In the patient with cornual intravasation, the diagnostic image quality was substantially worse than that with non–cornual intravasation. Moreover, early onset of intravasation seriously affected the diagnostic image quality.

Conclusions

In conclusion, intravasation affected the diagnostic image quality, especially early cornual massive intravasation.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty reduces the incidence of depression caused by obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Suh Jeffrey D. , Han Kyung‐Do , Lee Heung Man
Published: December 2018

Objective

To investigate the increase in the incidence of depression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its preventability by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data from the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation were analyzed. A total of 160,840 participants (age ≥ 20 years) who were newly diagnosed with OSA between 2007 and 2014 were included. The participants were classified into a group that underwent UPPP (UPPP group, n = 19,773) and a group that did not undergo surgical treatment (no surgery group, n = 141,067). Propensity score matching by age and sex was used to select the control group of 804,200 subjects. The mean follow‐up duration was 4.6 ± 2.3 years. The primary endpoint was newly diagnosed depression.

Results

The incidence of depression was higher in patients with OSA than in controls (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.678, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.650–1.706). The UPPP group was still at a higher risk of depression than was the control group (HR: 1.535, 95% CI: 1.463–1.610), but the HR was statistically lower than that in the no surgery group (HR: 1.694, 95% CI: 1.665–1.724).

Conclusion

OSA increases the incidence of depression, which may be prevented to some extent by UPPP.

Level of Evidence

2b Laryngoscope, 129:1005–1009, 2019
Clinical outcomes of laryngopharyngeal reflux treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Saussez Sven , Schindler Antonio , Karkos Petros D. , Hamdan Abdul Latif , Harmegnies Bernard , De Marrez Lisa G. , Finck Camille , Journe Fabrice , Paesmans Marianne , Vaezi Michael F.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To investigate the therapeutic benefit of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) over placebo in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and to analyze the epidemiological factors of heterogeneity in the literature.

Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted to identify articles published between 1990 and 2018 about clinical trials describing the efficiency of medical treatment(s) on LPR. First, a meta‐analysis of placebo randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PPIs versus placebo was conducted according to diet. The heterogeneity, response to PPIs, and evolution of clinical scores were analyzed for aggregate results. Second, a systematic review of diagnosis methods, clinical outcome of treatment, and therapeutic regimens was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement.

Results

The search identified 1,140 relevant publications, of which 72 studies met the inclusion criteria for a total of 5,781 patients. Ten RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The combined relative risk was 1.31 in favor of PPIs and increased to 1.42 when patients did not receive diet recommendations. Randomized controlled trials were characterized by a significant heterogeneity due to discrepancies in clinical therapeutic outcomes, diagnosis methods (lack of gold standard diagnostic tools), and therapeutic scheme. The epidemiological analysis of all articles supports the existence of these discrepancies in the entire literature. In particular, many symptoms and signs commonly encountered in LPR are not assessed in the treatment effectiveness. The lack of diagnosis precision and variability of inclusion criteria particularly create bias in all reported and included articles.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis supports a mild superiority of PPIs over placebo and the importance of diet as additional treatment but demonstrates the heterogeneity between studies, limiting the elaboration of clear conclusions. International recommendations are proposed for the development of future trials. Laryngoscope, 129:1174–1187, 2019
A planar UWB MIMO antenna with gain enhancement and isolation improvement for the 5G Mobile platform
Authors: Jin Yunnan , Ko Minbeom , O Yeonjeong , Choi Jaehoon
Published: December 2018

A planar ultra‐wide band (UWB) multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna with gain enhancement and isolation improvement for the 5G mobile platform is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two planar UWB low‐band antenna elements: a compact multi‐loop antenna and a ground‐slotted planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) located on the opposite side of the rectangular ground plane. These two antennas satisfy the 10‐dB return loss bandwidth from 2.90 to 6.94 GHz for multi‐loop antenna and from 2.79 to 7.23 GHz for slotted PIFA antenna, respectively. A high isolation level of greater than 20 dB is realized without applying any additional decoupling structures. The realized gains are larger than 2.9 dBi. The experimental and simulated results of the proposed antenna are in good agreement with each other.
miR‐20b, miR‐296, and Let‐7f Expression in Human Adipose Tissue is Related to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gentile Adriana‐Mariel , Lhamyani Said , Coín‐Aragüez Leticia , Clemente‐Postigo Mercedes , Oliva Olivera Wilfredo , Romero‐Zerbo Silvana‐Yanina , García‐Serrano Sara , García‐Escobar Eva , Zayed Hatem , Doblado Esther , Bermúdez‐Silva Francisco‐Javier , Murri Mora , Tinahones Francisco J. , El Bekay Rajaa
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the potential association of different microRNA (miRNA) molecules with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity and determine their target genes.

Methods

Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the miR‐20b, miR‐296, and Let‐7f levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (ATs) in relation to obesity and T2D, miRTarBase 4.0 was used for validation of target genes, and the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) Classification System and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were used to annotate the biological processes of the predicted targets.

Results

In AT, miR‐20b, miR‐296, and Let‐7f levels were significantly different between normoglycemic subjects and those with T2D. In visceral adipose tissue, miRNA levels were higher in normoglycemic/obesity samples than in T2D/obesity samples. miR‐20b‐miR‐296 and Let‐7f target genes that showed significant differences in both ATs in relation to obesity and T2D were CDKN1A, CX3CL1, HIF1A, PPP2R1B, STAT3, and VEGFA. These genes are known to be principally involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and WNT pathways.

Conclusions

This study provides experimental evidence of the possible correlation between AT miR‐20b‐miR‐296‐Let‐7f with obesity and T2D, which might involve vascular endothelial growth factor and WNT‐dependent pathways that are regulated by six different genes, suggesting a novel signaling pathway that could be important for understanding the mechanisms underlying the AT dysfunction associated with obesity and T2D.
Influence of Sleep Duration on Postpartum Weight Change in Black and Hispanic Women
Authors: Herring Sharon J. , Yu Daohai , Spaeth Andrea , Pien Grace , Darden Niesha , Riis Valerie , Bersani Veronica , Wallen Jessica , Davey Adam , Foster Gary D.
Published: December 2018

Objective

The primary purpose of this study was to examine associations of objectively measured sleep duration with weight changes in black and Hispanic mothers over the first postpartum year.

Methods

Data were from 159 mothers (69% black, 32% Hispanic). Nocturnal sleep duration was assessed using wrist actigraphy at 6 weeks and 5 months post partum, examined as a continuous variable and in categories (< 7 vs. ≥ 7 hours/night, consistent with American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendations). Body weights were abstracted from medical records in pregnancy and measured at 6 weeks, 5 months, and 12 months post partum. Outcomes included early postpartum (6 weeks to 5 months) and late postpartum (5 to 12 months) weight changes.

Results

The majority of participants slept < 7 hours/night at 6 weeks (75%) and 5 months (63%) post partum. Early postpartum weight change did not differ by 6‐week sleep duration category. By contrast, adjusted average late postpartum weight gain (SE) was 1.8 (0.7) kg higher in participants sleeping < 7 hours/night at 5 months post partum compared with those sleeping ≥ 7 hours/night (P = 0.02). Results did not show statistically significant associations of continuous measures of sleep duration, nor of measures of sleep quality, with postpartum weight changes.

Conclusions

Sleeping < 7 hours/night was associated with late postpartum weight gain in minority mothers.
Associations of Parental General Monitoring with Adolescent Weight‐Related Behaviors and Weight Status
Authors: Kim Kay W. , Wallander Jan L. , Felt John M. , Elliott Marc N. , Schuster Mark A.
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study examined how parental general monitoring (PGM), which refers to parental awareness of adolescents’ activities in various domains, is associated with adolescents’ weight status and related behaviors and whether these relationships differ among racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

Data are from 4,088 Black, Latino, and White youth assessed in seventh grade (mean age = 13.06). BMI percentile based on measured height and weight indicated weight status. PGM was assessed by adolescent report of parents’ awareness of money spending, friends, and whereabouts. Adolescents reported both healthy and unhealthy dietary intake (DI), physical activity, and screen time over the past 7 days. Total sample and multigroup structural models were estimated.

Results

PGM was associated with lower weight status for the total sample, as well as being positively associated with healthy DI and physical activity and inversely associated with screen time across racial/ethnic groups. PGM was also inversely associated with unhealthy DI, except for in Black adolescents. There was an indirect effect from PGM to lower weight status via reduced screen time among Latino and White adolescents.

Conclusions

Positive outcomes associated with PGM are extended to weight status and related behaviors. Efforts at improving weight status and related behaviors could benefit from addressing general parenting practices with their children.
Using a six‐step co‐design model to develop and test a peer‐led web‐based resource (PLWR) to support informal carers of cancer patients
Authors: Santin Olinda , McShane Theresa , Hudson Peter , Prue Gillian
Published: December 2018

Objective

To co‐design and test the acceptability of a peer‐led web‐based resource (PLWR) for cancer carers to provide practical and emotional advice on common issues.

Methods

A six‐step co‐design model informed PLWR development. Content was developed through three cancer carer workshops and monthly meetings with an expert advisory team (n = 12). User‐testing was conducted via web‐based survey and telephone interview. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were utilised. Google analytics explored site visits, commonly used components, and time spent using the PLWR.

Results

The PLWR was developed to deliver cancer carer information tailored to each stage of the illness trajectory regardless of cancer type, in the form of videoed personal experiences. From November to May 2018, there were 2789 unique visits to the PLWR with 743 returners. The majority of time was spent on the full unclipped peer stories (414 views), and diagnosis‐specific information (159 views), with less time spent on bereavement, cancer treatment, or self‐care (120 views each). Fifty‐five individuals completed the resource evaluation, with 10 participating in telephone interviews. Fifty‐four carers rated the resource as excellent, useful, and easy to use. The web‐based videos were regarded as convenient as and less burdensome than written information. The resource provided relevant information, potentially reducing isolation and uncertainty.

Conclusion

The content and design of the PLWR appear acceptable to cancer carers. The co‐design model is an effective way to develop appropriate information for service users and could be utilised as a framework for development of other interventions in a variety of disease groups.
Psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index in cancer survivors
Authors: Yusufov Miryam , Zhou Eric S. , Recklitis Christopher J.
Published: December 2018

Objective

Insomnia is commonly associated with cancer treatment. Cancer treatments increase risk for numerous psychological and medical late effects, thus making cancer survivors psychologically and medically vulnerable. Prior research examined psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with various populations, including the French version of the ISI, with participants undergoing active cancer treatment. However, no prior studies examined insomnia exclusively with cancer survivors, using the English version of the ISI.

Methods

This study examined internal consistency and factor structure of an English version of the ISI in 100 cancer survivors (Mage = 51.1; SD = 14.92). This final analytic sample was composed of participants from three different insomnia interventions. Survivors ranged from less than 1 year off treatment (17%) to 21+ years off treatment (6%), with most participants off treatment for 1 to 2 years (24%).

Results

The mean ISI score for the total sample was 16.69 (SD = 4.47), indicating clinical insomnia, with moderate severity. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated two factors (five items loading on Factor I and two items loading on Factor II) and acceptable reliability (α = .73). Item‐total correlations ranged from .15 to .63.

Conclusions

Findings support the reliability of the ISI in cancer survivors. However, its factor structure warrants additional research with larger samples of cancer survivors. Results suggest inconsistency across participant responses and that ISI items may be functioning differently with this unique population of cancer survivors. Findings indicate that sleep maintenance problems are central to the experience of insomnia in our survivor sample.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim
Published: December 2018

We begin the new year of Weather with a fascinating examination of oceanic salinity and its measurement from space in ‘Salinity from space’ by M Srokosz and C Banks. Most important in the process of oceanic circulation and analogous to humidity in the atmosphere, creating water masses with particular characteristics, is its salt content. The proportion and absolute amount of salt is variable, but until recently it has not been possible to sense this variation in near‐real time, the most readily available data being the system of Argo floats. This paper shows the value of the recently launched European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellites, which measure the salinity of all the world's oceans, every three days.

On p. 8, Alan Hisscott describes the use of a microwave sensor of the lower troposphere on the Isle of Man to explore atmospheric characteristics and weather features in ‘Exploiting wind profiler information’ using seven examples of data from the instrument.

Personal weather stations have become very popular in recent years and sharing the information gathered is a useful adjunct to official weather observations. However, systems to allow this data to be seen on the Internet vary, as outlined by Michael Butler in ‘Personal weather stations and sharing weather data via the Internet’ on p. 22.

On p. 30, we have the third in our irregular series of Climate Change Shorts, this one asking ‘How is sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic changing?’ by Dan Jones, Emily Shuckburgh and Ed Hawkins.

Our final paper this month looks at rainfall in north‐eastern India in ‘Spatial trends in rainfall seasonality: a case study in Jharkhand, India’ by Shonam Sharma and Prasoon Kumar Singh on p. 31.
Estimation of different entropies via Abel–Gontscharoff Green functions and Fink’s identity using Jensen type functionals
Authors: Khan Khuram Ali , Niaz Tasadduq , Pečarić Đilda , Pečarić Josip
Published: December 2018

In this work, we estimated the different entropies like Shannon entropy, Rényi divergences, Csiszár divergence by using Jensen’s type functionals. The Zipf’s–Mandelbrot law and hybrid Zipf’s–Mandelbrot law are used to estimate the Shannon entropy. The Abel–Gontscharoff Green functions and Fink’s Identity are used to construct new inequalities and generalized them for m-convex function.
Long fiber thermoplastics are a key technology in expanding existing markets for composites
Authors: Mathijsen Django
Published: December 2018

Long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) are like the middle child of reinforced plastics technology. They are sometimes overlooked but hold the composites family together by bridging the gap between low-cost short fiber filled thermoplastics and heavy-duty fabric reinforced engineering polymers. We talk to the specialists of PlastiComp, a company dedicated to expanding the application of LFT.
The effects of information and communication technologies on informal caregivers of persons living with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Lucero Robert J. , Fehlberg Elizabeth A. , Patel Aditi G.M. , Bjarnardottir Ragnhildur I. , Williams Renessa , Lee Karis , Ansell Margaret , Bakken Suzanne , Luchsinger Jose A. , Mittelman Mary
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Information and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as promising to support health care consumers, including informal caregivers. This systematic review seeks to evaluate the state of the science of ICT interventions on the health of informal dementia caregivers.

Methods

We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO using concepts associated with ICT, dementia, and caregiver. Studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

Results

We identified 657 full‐text publications. After removal of duplicates and title, abstract, and full‐text screening, the quality of 12 studies was assessed. Studies varied in technology, implementation, results, and intervention evaluation.

Discussion

The methodological quality of the ICT intervention studies among dementia family caregivers was moderate to strong, yet outcome measurement was not uniform. The evidence is strongest for various forms of telephone‐based interventions. However, there is a need for research that includes heterogeneous participants based on gender, race, and ethnicity.
The Reformed Church and the Regulation of Religious Literature in the Early Dutch Atlantic World
Authors: Noorlander D. L.
Published: December 2018

Catechisms, Bibles, and other printed works were critical for the successful plantation and growth of Dutch religion and culture in the seventeenth-century Atlantic world. This essay examines the provision, regulation, and various controversies surrounding religious books and pamphlets in that period. Under the joint supervision of the West India Company and the Dutch Reformed churches of the Netherlands, colonial clergy were supposed to teach everyone from Company soldiers and officers to European settlers, from Africans and African slaves to Native Americans. And the clergy certainly had some missionary achievements, especially where the Company’s power was greatest. However, colonial clergy and churches also faced tremendous difficulties and fell short of their original plans and goals. Studying the different tools they had at their disposal—studying the creation (and destruction) of their printed materials—helps us see the church’s own culpability in these difficulties and failures. Early seventeenth-century Dutch Calvinism was restrictive enough and the churches of the Netherlands worried enough about deviance and heterodoxy that they unintentionally undermined their own mission and reduced the Dutch footprint overseas.
State Contractors and Global Brokers: The Itinerary of Two Lisbon Merchants and the Transatlantic Slave Trade during the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Bohorquez J. , Menz Maximiliano
Published: December 2018

The Portuguese Empire was the stage for one of the largest movements of enslaved people during early modern times. Almost two millions enslaved humans were violently carried from Africa in Portuguese vessels in the eighteenth century alone. Yet, in contrast to British or French slave traders based in Europe, for which a vast literature is available, little is known about the Lisbon traders. This paper aims at filling this gap by paying attention to the trajectory of two Lisbon slave traders: Domingos Dias da Silva and José António Pereira. In recounting their biographies and their business in Africa, Brazil, and Asia, we draw attention to the active role Lisbon-based slave traders played in the financing, organisation, and carrying of slave traffic, as well as the different institutional conditions they confronted when profiting from the commerce in humans. Domingos Dias da Silva became a key state contractor in spite of his poor origins, while Pereira featured as a global broker, connecting different markets in four continents. These two agents and their diverse characteristics help shed light on the slave trade, the context in which it expanded, and on the people who conducted this infamous commerce.
From the Caribbean to Craignish: Imperial Authority and Piratical Voyages in the Early Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Commons
Authors: Wilson David
Published: December 2018

Whereas seventeenth-century piracy has been recognised as an integrated component of the developing European Atlantic world, eighteenth-century pirates have been marginalised as an isolated group with few ties to landed communities. Such evaluations have stressed the heightened extension of state authority to the colonial theatre in the eighteenth century and, by doing so, have overlooked how pirates continued to interact with colonial actors operating in contested and unclaimed regions throughout the Atlantic commons. It is imperative that the Atlantic commons is given full consideration in any discussion of Atlantic maritime activity as it was within these expanses that inter-imperial, inter-colonial, and cross-border colonial actors converged. This article utilises the piratical voyage captained by Howell Davies (and later Bartholomew Roberts) to demonstrate that it was within this commons that eighteenth-century piratical voyages were sustained and facilitated through the forced acquisition of supplies, through markets for plundered goods, and through the opportunities available for dispersing amongst landed communities at the end of expeditions. Continued connections between colonial denizens and pirates in the eighteenth century compels a reassessment of pirates’ isolation to instead place them within the wider population of coastal traders, sojourning mariners, and marginal colonial settlers who existed both within and outside of the imperial framework espoused by state and colonial centres. Ultimately, this questions the overall ability of European states to regulate maritime traffic when vessels sailed out of sight of established colonial ports, and beyond the practical reach of imperial authority.
Killing Images: Iconoclasm and the Art of Political Insult in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Portuguese India
Authors: Flores Jorge , Marcocci Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

The article builds on a succession of visually disturbing events that occurred in Goa—the capital city of Portuguese India—during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. From the early years of the Portuguese conquest (1510), Goa went through a redefinition of its urban space, which implied the appropriation and re-semantization of buildings and other key sites of the old Muslim city. This process included the spread of images and symbols related to several Portuguese viceroys, soon-to-be targets of acts of political insult and even political iconoclasm performed by their Portuguese opponents in a context of growing factionalism. We speak namely of episodes of protest against places of memory associated to different clans, encompassing statues (both official and bogus), textual inscriptions, and viceroys’ portraits. These were European phenomena to a large extent, but coloured by significant local and native elements. The article engages with a grid of questions that places real statues, satirical effigies, and erased faces (and the diverse reactions they have aroused) in dialogue with current debates on popular politics; high and low vis-à-vis the colonial social fabric; the uses of public space; verbal, written, and visual insult; political languages; and disputed authority in an imperial setting.
Sailors, Tailors, Cooks, and Crooks: On Loanwords and Neglected Lives in Indian Ocean Ports
Authors: Hoogervorst Tom
Published: December 2018

A renewed interested in Indian Ocean studies has underlined possibilities of the transnational. This study highlights lexical borrowing as an analytical tool to deepen our understanding of cultural exchanges between Indian Ocean ports during the long nineteenth century, comparing loanwords from several Asian and African languages and demonstrating how doing so can re-establish severed links between communities. In this comparative analysis, four research avenues come to the fore as specifically useful to explore the dynamics of non-elite contact in this part of the world: (1) nautical jargon, (2) textile terms, (3) culinary terms, and (4) slang associated with society’s lower strata. These domains give prominence to a spectrum of cultural brokers frequently overlooked in the wider literature. It is demonstrated through concrete examples that an analysis of lexical borrowing can add depth and substance to existing scholarship on interethnic contact in the Indian Ocean, providing methodological inspiration to examine lesser studied connections. This study reveals no unified linguistic landscape, but several key individual connections between the ports of the Indian Ocean frequented by Persian, Hindustani, and Malay-speaking communities.
Attic sanctuaries
Authors: Papadopoulou Chryssanthi
Published: December 2018

Over the course of the last 15 years numerous sanctuaries have been excavated in Attica. Some of these cult places provide us with additional information on important Athenian state cults, such as the cult of Athena Pallenis, while others offer new information about deme or rural cults. Eleven sanctuaries are presented in this article, along with the quarry that provided the building material for the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia. These range from extensive sanctuaries with numerous buildings, to humble open-air shrines with no permanent structures other than a peribolos wall. They mostly date to the Archaic and Classical periods, although some appear to have operated from the Geometric period. Only two of the sanctuaries are Roman. Finds from these cult places attest to the dedication of offerings and/or communal feasting. Unfortunately, it is not possible to identify the deities worshipped at all of the sanctuaries presented.
Revealing Geometric to Classical Thessaliotis: recent discoveries in southwestern Thessaly
Authors: Karagiannopoulos Christos
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses material culture in western Thessaly from the eight to the fifth century BC. The focus of the paper is on the recently investigated settlement at Philia, where a number of apsidal buildings have been unearthed, dating to the sixth and fifth centuries BC; their layout and organization reveal central planning. Comparison of the architecture and contents of the Philia houses to those from other Thessalian sites reveals the existence of shared traditions in the region, in terms of both the architecture (apsidal buildings) and pottery (grey wares), with a long history from the ninth to the fifth century BC.
No Impact of Increased EPSPS Gene Copy Number on Growth and Fecundity of Glyphosate-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia)
Authors: Osipitan O. Adewale , Dille J. Anita
Published: December 2018

The level of glyphosate resistance in kochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] was reported to be due to an increase in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene copy number. A field study was conducted near Manhattan, KS, in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the relationship between EPSPS gene copy number and growth and fecundity variables ofB. scopariaindividuals within suspected glyphosate-resistant (GR) populations from western Kansas. Initial assays of EPSPS gene copy and in vivo shikimate accumulation showed thatB. scopariapopulations from Finney (FN-R), Scott (SC-R), and Thomas (TH-R) counties were segregating for glyphosate resistance, with some individuals still being glyphosate susceptible (GS). A target-neighborhood competition approach was used to evaluate the competitive response of individual target plants with relatively low (classified as GS) and high (classified as GR) EPSPS gene copy number within the populations. There was no relationship observed between EPSPS gene copy number and vegetative or fecundity variables. There was no differential competitive response of target plant biomass to increasing neighbor density between individuals with low and high EPSPS gene copy number within each population. Lack of associated vegetative growth and fecundity cost to the increased EPSPS gene copy in the GRB. scopariaplants suggests that the plants are likely to persist in field populations, except when effective weed management strategies are adopted that would prevent their growth and seed production.
A Perturbative Approach for Modeling Short‐Term Fluid‐Driven Ground Deformation Episodes on Volcanoes: A Case Study in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)
Authors: Petrillo Z. , D'Auria L. , Mangiacapra A. , Chiodini G. , Caliro S. , Scippacercola S.
Published: December 2018

Ground deformation in volcanic areas is linked to various, often interconnected processes such as magma intrusion, pressurized fluid migration, and thermal expansion effects. The presence of active and extended hydrothermal systems plays a key role and affects the deformation phenomenon in complex ways. In this study, we propose a generalized conceptual and mathematical model, which allows retrieving the flow rate of fluid injection in a volcanic hydrothermal system, assuming a ground deformation data set as input. The basic assumption is that short‐term ground uplift episodes (with characteristic periods of less than 5 years) depend on the injection of volcanic fluids into the hydrothermal system. Then, assuming a deformation field shape independent of time and a linear time‐invariant relation between the amount of injected fluid and the resulting ground deformation, we define a Green's function as the product of spatial and temporal components. The case study is a 3‐D elastic model with permeability and porosity for the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. By Green's function, a 2‐km‐long source at 2.4‐km depth, which matches the interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation, is localized and the amount of injected volcanic fluid in the last 20 years of high‐frequency deformation episodes estimated. In conclusion, we find a good agreement between the measured and estimated temporal deformation patterns and, principally, that fluid injection rates can be retrieved from the deformation field at volcanoes.
A Widespread Early Mesozoic Remagnetization in South China
Authors: Jiao Wenjun , Li Yong‐Xiang , Yang Zhenyu , Liu Jiarun
Published: December 2018

The recent discovery of a possible Late Cambrian true polar wander (TPW) from the Jiangshan section in eastern South China has intrigued us to test this TPW in other continuous, well‐dated Upper Cambrian successions. We have conducted a detailed paleomagnetic study of a continuous Upper Cambrian succession in Wa'ergang, Hunan Province, middle South China, that contains well‐defined trilobite zones correlative with those of the Jiangshan section. Three remanence components were isolated from the Upper Cambrian limestone. The low‐ and intermediate‐temperature components represent a recent viscous magnetization and a Cretaceous remagnetization, respectively. The high‐temperature component passes fold tests, but its pole lies close to the Middle Triassic pole of South China, indicating a Middle Triassic remagnetization. Rock magnetic analyses and petrographic observations indicate that the high‐temperature component resides in small framboidal magnetite aggregates that were formed via alteration and replacement of pyrite and represents a chemical remagnetization. This Middle Triassic remagnetization and previously recognized Triassic remagnetization exhibit a younging trend from the east to the west of South China. The widespread Triassic remagnetization was likely associated with the Indosinian orogeny during which the scissor‐like suturing processes between the South and North China Blocks and the accompanying so‐called squeegeed orogenic fluids led to progressively westward younging remagnetization in South China. Although the new paleomagnetic results do not allow us to effectively test the Late Cambrian TPW due to the thorough remagnetization, these data provide important insights into understanding the Early Mesozoic remagnetization and associated geological processes.
Updates to the Noah Land Surface Model in WRF‐CMAQ to Improve Simulated Meteorology, Air Quality, and Deposition
Authors: Campbell Patrick C. , Bash Jesse O. , Spero Tanya L.
Published: December 2018

Regional, state, and local environmental regulatory agencies often use Eulerian models to investigate the potential impacts on pollutant deposition and air quality from changes in land use, anthropogenic and natural emissions, and climate. The Noah land surface model (LSM) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for such investigations, but there are many inconsistencies that need to be changed so that they are consistent with dry deposition and emission processes. In this work, the Noah LSM in WRFv3.8.1 is improved in its linkage to CMAQv5.2 by adding important parameters to the WRF/Noah output, updating the WRF soil and vegetation reference tables that influence CMAQ wet and dry photochemical deposition processes, and decreasing WRF/Noah's top soil layer depth to be consistent with CMAQ processes (e.g., windblown dust and bidirectional ammonia exchange). The modified WRF/Noah‐CMAQ system (both off‐line and coupled) impacts meteorological predictions of 2‐m temperature (T2; increases and decreases), 2‐m mixing ratio (Q2; decreases), and 10‐m wind speed (WSPD10; decreases) in the United States. These changes are mostly driven by leaf area index values and aerodynamic roughness lengths updated in the vegetation tables based on satellite data, with additional impacts from soil tables updated based on recent soil data. Improvements in the consistency in the treatment of land surface processes between CMAQ and WRF resulted in improvements in both estimated meteorological (e.g., T2, WSPD10, and latent heat fluxes) and chemical (e.g., ozone, sulfur dioxide, and windblown dust) model estimates.
Experimental evidence of symmetry breaking of transition-path times
Authors: Gladrow J. , Ribezzi-Crivellari M. , Ritort F. , Keyser U. F.
Published: December 2018

While thermal rates of state transitions in classical systems have been studied for almost a century, associated transition-path times have only recently received attention. Uphill and downhill transition paths between states at different free energies should be statistically indistinguishable. Here, we systematically investigate transition-path-time symmetry and report evidence of its breakdown on the molecular- and meso-scale out of equilibrium. In automated Brownian dynamics experiments, we establish first-passage-time symmetries of colloids driven by femtoNewton forces in holographically-created optical landscapes confined within microchannels. Conversely, we show that transitions which couple in a path-dependent manner to fluctuating forces exhibit asymmetry. We reproduce this asymmetry in folding transitions of DNA-hairpins driven out of equilibrium and suggest a topological mechanism of symmetry breakdown. Our results are relevant to measurements that capture a single coordinate in a multidimensional free energy landscape, as encountered in electrophysiology and single-molecule fluorescence experiments.
Tiny droplets of ocean island basalts unveil Earth’s deep chlorine cycle
Authors: Hanyu Takeshi , Shimizu Kenji , Ushikubo Takayuki , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Hamada Morihisa , Ito Motoo , Iwamori Hikaru , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2018

Fully characterising the exchange of volatile elements between the Earth’s interior and surface layers has been a longstanding challenge. Volatiles scavenged from seawater by hydrothermally altered oceanic crust have been transferred to the upper mantle during subduction of the oceanic crust, but whether these volatiles are carried deeper into the lower mantle is poorly understood. Here we present evidence of the deep-mantle Cl cycle recorded in melt inclusions in olivine crystals in ocean island basalts sourced from the lower mantle. We show that Cl-rich melt inclusions are associated with radiogenic Pb isotopes, indicating ancient subducted oceanic crust in basalt sources, together with lithophile elements characteristic of melts from a carbonated source. These signatures collectively indicate that seawater-altered and carbonated oceanic crust conveyed surface Cl downward to the lower mantle, forming a Cl-rich reservoir that accounts for 13–26% or an even greater proportion of the total Cl in the mantle.
Ion association with tetra-n-alkylammonium cations stabilizes higher-oxidation-state neptunium dioxocations
Authors: Estes Shanna L. , Qiao Baofu , Jin Geng Bang
Published: December 2018

Extended-coordination sphere interactions between dissolved metals and other ions, including electrolyte cations, are not known to perturb the electrochemical behavior of metal cations in water. Herein, we report the stabilization of higher-oxidation-state Np dioxocations in aqueous chloride solutions by hydrophobic tetra-n-alkylammonium (TAA+) cations—an effect not exerted by fully hydrated Li+ cations under similar conditions. Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that TAA+ cations not only drive enhanced coordination of anionic Cl– ligands to NpV/VI but also associate with the resulting Np complexes via non-covalent interactions, which together decrease the electrode potential of the NpVI/NpV couple by up to 220 mV (ΔΔG = −22.2 kJ mol−1). Understanding the solvation-dependent interplay between electrolyte cations and metal–oxo species opens an avenue for controlling the formation and redox properties of metal complexes in solution. It also provides valuable mechanistic insights into actinide separation processes that widely use quaternary ammonium cations as extractants or in room temperature ionic liquids.
Microglia and amyloid precursor protein coordinate control of transient Candida cerebritis with memory deficits
Authors: Wu Yifan , Du Shuqi , Johnson Jennifer L. , Tung Hui-Ying , Landers Cameron T. , Liu Yuwei , Seman Brittany G. , Wheeler Robert T. , Costa-Mattioli Mauro , Kheradmand Farrah , Zheng Hui , Corry David B.
Published: December 2018

Bloodborne infections with Candida albicans are an increasingly recognized complication of modern medicine. Here, we present a mouse model of low-grade candidemia to determine the effect of disseminated infection on cerebral function and relevant immune determinants. We show that intravenous injection of 25,000 C. albicans cells causes a highly localized cerebritis marked by the accumulation of activated microglial and astroglial cells around yeast aggregates, forming fungal-induced glial granulomas. Amyloid precursor protein accumulates within the periphery of these granulomas, while cleaved amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides accumulate around the yeast cells. CNS-localized C. albicans further activate the transcription factor NF-κB and induce production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and Aβ peptides enhance both phagocytic and antifungal activity from BV-2 cells. Mice infected with C. albicans display mild memory impairment that resolves with fungal clearance. Our results warrant additional studies to understand the effect of chronic cerebritis on cognitive and immune function.
Experimental demonstration of robust self-testing for bipartite entangled states
Authors: Zhang Wen-Hao , Chen Geng , Yin Peng , Peng Xing-Xiang , Hu Xiao-Min , Hou Zhi-Bo , Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Yu Shang , Ye Xiang-Jun , Zhou Zong-Quan , Xu Xiao-Ye , Tang Jian-Shun , Xu Jin-Shi , Han Yong-Jian , Liu Bi-Heng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: December 2018

Quantum entanglement is the key resource for quantum information processing. Device-independent certification of entangled states is a long standing open question, which arouses the concept of self-testing. The central aim of self-testing is to certify the state and measurements of quantum systems without any knowledge of their inner workings, even when the used devices cannot be trusted. Specifically, utilizing Bell’s theorem, one can infer the appearance of certain entangled state when the maximum violation is observed, e.g., to self-test singlet state using CHSH inequality. In this work, by constructing a versatile entanglement source, we experimentally demonstrate a generalized self-testing proposal for various bipartite entangled states up to four dimensions. We show that the high-quality generated states can approach the maximum violations of the utilized Bell inequalities, and thus, their Schmidt coefficients can be precisely inferred by self-testing them into respective target states with near-unity fidelities. Our results indicate the superior completeness and robustness of this method and promote self-testing as a practical tool for developing quantum techniques.
Primary dendrites of mitral cells synapse unto neighboring glomeruli independent of their odorant receptor identity
Authors: Nishizumi Hirofumi , Miyashita Akihiro , Inoue Nobuko , Inokuchi Kasumi , Aoki Mari , Sakano Hitoshi
Published: December 2018

In the mouse olfactory bulb, neural map topography is largely established by axon–axon interactions of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). However, to make the map functional, the OSNs must make proper connections to second-order neurons, the mitral cells. How do the mitral-cell dendrites find their partner glomeruli for synapse formation with OSN axons? Here, we analyze dendrite connections of mitral cells in various mutant mice in which glomerular formation is perturbed. Our present results support the proximity model, whereby mitral cells tend to connect primary dendrites to the nearest neighboring glomeruli regardless of their odorant receptor identities. The physical location of glomeruli rather than the odorant-receptor specificity appears to play a key role in matching mitral cells with their partner OSN axons.