bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchestration logics for artificial intelligence platforms: From raw data to industry‐specific applications
Authors: Weber Michael , Hein Andreas , Weking Jörg , Krcmar Helmut
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms face distinct orchestration challenges in industry‐specific settings, such as the need for specialised resources, data‐sharing concerns, heterogeneous users and context‐sensitive applications. This study investigates how these platforms can effectively orchestrate autonomous actors in developing and consuming AI applications despite these challenges. Through an analysis of five AI platforms for medical imaging, we identify four orchestration logics: platform resourcing, data‐centric collaboration, distributed refinement and application brokering. These logics illustrate how platform owners can verticalize the AI development process by orchestrating actors who co‐create, share and refine data and AI models, ultimately producing industry‐specific applications capable of generalisation. Our findings extend research on platform orchestration logics and change our perspective from boundary resources to a process of boundary processing. These insights provide a theoretical foundation and practical strategies to build effective industry‐specific AI platforms.
Unveiling the Context for Implementing Evidence‐Based Practice in Spanish Nursing
Authors: Fernández‐Domínguez Juan Carlos , Sesé‐Abad Albert , De Pedro‐Gómez Joan Ernest , Morales‐Asencio Jose‐Miguel , Jiménez‐López Rafael
Published: November 2024

Aim

This study explores contextual factors affecting evidence‐based practice (EBP) adoption among Spanish nurses, examining their interaction with sociodemographic and practice variables to enhance implementation strategies.

Design

A national multicenter study employing a cross‐sectional online survey design was conducted with an intentional sample of 934 voluntary Spanish practicing nurses.

Methods

Participants completed the 12‐item Barriers/facilitators dimension of the HS‐EBP instrument, along with sociodemographic, training and practice information relevant to EBP implementation. Psychometric networks have been utilised as a novel analytical approach.

Results

The HS‐EBP scores confirm validity and reliability for assessing EBP barriers and facilitators among Spanish nurses. Primary barriers include inadequate EBP discussion spaces, lack of guidance, resistance to change, patient apathy, time constraints and support gaps. Key facilitators are higher academic qualifications, EBP training, professional development participation, educational institution employment and student supervision. Focus is needed on rural nurses and those with heavy clinical duties, facing major EBP barriers.

Conclusion

Spanish nurses encounter organisational barriers to EBP implementation, including insufficient incentives and support. Prioritising hands‐on training, professional development in teaching and research and robust programs can enhance nurses' ability to advance EBP implementation.

Impact

The HS‐EBP questionnaire is reliable in measuring organisational and contextual factors affecting EBP implementation.

Implications for the Profession

Successful implementation of evidence‐based practice (EBP) in the Spanish healthcare system depends on developing an appropriate organisational culture and securing support from formal leaders. Additionally, fostering an understanding of the importance of patients and their families among Spanish nurses is crucial for promoting EBP adoption.
Effects of switching from MiniMed™ 640G to 770G on continuous glucose monitoring metrics and DTR‐QOL scores: An observational study of Japanese people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kogai Toshiki , Sato Junko , Yasuda Haruna , Ayame Tatsuhiro , Ozaki Azusa , Takagi Eri , Koshibu Mami , Nishida Yuya , Ikeda Fuki , Watada Hirotaka
Published: November 2024

Aims/Introduction

We evaluated the effect of the MiniMed™ 770G, an insulin pump using hybrid closed‐loop technology, on blood glucose management and quality of life in Japanese people with type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This was a 52‐week, prospective, observational study. Fifty Japanese people with type 1 diabetes switched from the MiniMed™ 640G to 770G, and we analyzed the continuous glucose monitoring data of 24 subjects who used auto mode throughout the study. We also analyzed the scores of the Diabetes Therapy‐Related Quality of Life questionnaire completed by 26 auto‐mode users before and after the treatment change.

Results

The baseline time in range 70–180 mg/dL was 67.3 (54.8–78.4)%, with a significant improvement beginning 8 weeks after the switch and lasting until 52 weeks. The baseline time below range <70 mg/dL was 1.9 (0.6–3.6)%, with a significant increase at week 8; however, the mean value was less than 4% throughout the study period. On the other hand, the number of blood glucose measurements significantly increased. While there was no significant difference in the overall change in the total Diabetes Therapy‐Related Quality of Life score, there was a significant decrease in the treatment satisfaction score.

Conclusions

Use of the MiniMed™ 770G improved continuous glucose monitoring metrics. However, treatment satisfaction decreased, probably due to the increased frequency of blood glucose monitoring necessary to maintain auto mode.
Comparing Medium to Long‐Term Esthetic, Clinical, and Patient‐Reported Outcomes Between Freehand and Computer‐Assisted Dental Implant Placement: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Heng Sun , Arunjaroensuk Sirida , Pozzi Alessandro , Damrongsirirat Napat , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Mattheos Nikos
Published: November 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to compare medium to long‐term clinical and patient‐reported outcomes between implants placed with computer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) and freehand protocols.

Materials and Methods

Thirty dental implants in the anterior maxillary region with an average of 4 years after loading were assessed by means of Pink Esthetic Scores (PESs), marginal bone level (MBL), and clinical and patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

CAIS significantly outperformed freehand placement with regard to PES scores (p = 0.011). Likewise, implants placed with CAIS showed significantly higher MBLs (p < 0.001). Bleeding on probing, probing depth, and prevalence of mucositis did not differ between the groups, while no peri‐implantitis was diagnosed.

Conclusions

The use of CAIS leads to superior outcomes in terms of esthetics and MBLs for implants placed in the esthetic zone as observed in medium to long‐term follow‐up. No difference was however observed with regard to peri‐implant mucosa inflammation.

Clinical Significance

This article highlights the outcome of computer‐assisted implant surgery in achieving higher esthetic, MBL, and esthetic satisfaction compared to freehand implant placement.

Thai Clinical Trial Registry

TCTR20240422015.
Census growth and challenges of a novel Hospital at Home program: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Biederman Stephen T. , Breton Julia S. , Pace Gordon M. , Dow Alan W.
Published: November 2024

Background

Hospital at Home (HaH) is a growing care model requiring significant investments. Critical to starting a program is estimating census and enrollments. The objective of this study was to compare expected versus actual consults, enrollments, and barriers in a novel HaH program.

Methods

This was an observational, retrospective cohort study at a single urban academic medical center. Adult inpatients considered for enrollment to HaH were included. Demographic data, diagnoses and outcomes data were extracted for HaH patients. Volume and outcomes of HaH consults were recorded, including reasons for ineligibility or a patient declining to enroll.

Results

Over the first year of implementation, 248 patients enrolled. The average daily census (ADC) grew over months 1–6, then plateaued at a mean of 4.4 patients during month 10, with an overall ADC range from 0 to 7 patients. From months 7 to 12, there were 724 consults for a home hospital assessment, of which 22.5% (163/724) of patients were enrolled, 21.8% (158/724) declined to enroll, 29.3% (212/724) were ineligible for the program, and 26.4% (191/724) had consults that were deferred until the time of discharge and never explicitly consented or refused. The most common reasons for program ineligibility were complex care needs, insurance status, and not meeting inpatient status. The most common reasons patients declined to enroll were a preference to remain in the brick‐and‐mortar hospital and home conditions not suitable for HaH.

Conclusions

This retrospective, cohort study defines the challenges of enrolling patients in an HaH program and provides areas for other programs to examine as they start or grow a program.
Variants in MICOS10 Identified by Whole Genome Sequencing and RNA Sequencing in a New Type of Hepatocerebral Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome
Authors: Kishita Yoshihito , Sugiura Ayumu , Omichi Nanako , Shimura Masaru , Yatsuka Yukiko , Nakamura Kohta , Tanaka Toju , Kubota Mitsuru , Murayama Kei , Ohtake Akira , Okazaki Yasushi
Published: November 2024

Background

The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organising system (MICOS) complex is required for cristae formation and is composed of seven proteins. Among the genes of MICOS complex, variants of MICOS13, IMMT and APOO have been reported to cause diseases.

Methods and Results

We report a case in which whole genome sequencing identified a variant of the MICOS10 gene associated with mitochondrial hepatopathy along with mitochondrial DNA depletion. We identified the deletion g.19596826_19601303del and the single nucleotide variant c.173G>C (p.Cys58Ser). The deletion including exon 1 might have caused complete loss of gene expression, indicating monoallelic expression from RNA sequencing. MIC10 was lost at the protein level in the patient's fibroblasts, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption was impaired. These were restored by overexpression of MICOS10 in the patient's fibroblasts.

Conclusion

Taken together, these findings indicate that MICOS10 is a causative gene for hepatopathy and neuropathy, a disease very similar to that associated with MICOS13.
Orchestrating National Occasions: The formation of the Irish American athletic league in New York City (1904–1920)
Authors: Lainer‐Vos Dan
Published: November 2024

This article explores the significance of fun and solidarity in constructing national belonging. Drawing inspiration from Erving Goffman's analysis of social occasions, the article examines the establishment of an Irish‐American Gaelic Athletic League in New York City from 1904 to 1916. Tracing the gradual shaping of the games, it shows how organizers used sporting competitions to draw participants and regulate the interactions between immigrants from different counties in Ireland. Successful regulation of the games allowed immigrants from various counties in Ireland to engage each other in a spirit of friendly competition and develop solidarity. Far from being an obstacle to national belonging, these differences became the basis for fun sociability, leading to broad Irish belonging and pride. The enjoyment derived from participation in well‐regulated occasions contributes to the formation of social bonds and solidarity among potential members, ultimately fostering national identification.
Development and validation of a nomogram for circuit lifespan of regional citrate anticoagulation‐continuous renal replacement therapy in intensive care patients with acute kidney injury
Authors: Chen Zhongbin , Pan Lingai , Zhang Jia , Chen Yanyu , Liu Yi , Jia Ping , Liu Shiya , Wang Bo , Zheng Ping , Chen Feng , Zeng Bin , Zhang Wenting , Yang Qin , Huang Xiaobo , Xie Caixia
Published: November 2024

Background

Regional citrate anticoagulation‐continuous renal replacement therapy (RCA‐CRRT) has a wide range of applications in clinical practice, but unplanned downtime due to RCA‐CRRT circuit coagulation is as high as 15.75%–66.70%.

Aim

To build a nomogram model for predicting the lifespan circuits of RCA‐CRRT.

Study design

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in Sichuan, China. The collected clinical data from 404 RCA‐CRRT sessions involving 135 patients were utilized. The patients' basic information, laboratory indicators and RCA‐CRRT parameters were used as independent variables, and the survival status and survival time of RCA‐CRRT circuits were used as dependent variables. A Cox multivariate analysis was performed to build the nomogram model for predicting the lifespan of RCA‐CRRT circuits. The model was validated internally and externally.

Results

The median lifespan of RCA‐CRRT circuits was 28.0 (12.0–46.5) h, and the unplanned downtime rate was 23.76%. In the Cox multivariate analysis, venous pressure, haemoglobin, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), lactate, and blood transfusion were identified as statistically significant predictive factors for the lifespan of RCA‐CRRT circuits (p < .05). Subsequently, a nomogram model for predicting the lifespan of RCA‐CRRT circuits was developed. The AUC values for internal and external validation within the 12–72‐h timeframe ranged from 0.648 to 0.816 and 0.613 to 0.956, respectively. Both the calibration curve and clinical decision curve demonstrated the model's good performance.

Conclusion

The nomogram model developed in this study demonstrates its efficacy in accurately predicting the lifespan circuits of RCA‐CRRT.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Clinical nurses can use the prediction model to assess the lifespan of RCA‐CRRT circuits, so as to formulate a personalized RCA‐CRRT treatment plan for patients, thus reducing the unplanned downtime of RCA‐CRRT.
Dimensional correlations between maxillary sinus and nasal cavity aiming implant‐supported rehabilitation: Edentulous patients' tomographic study
Authors: Farias Illa Oliveira Bitencourt , Bahia Roberta Rodrigues Casali , Crusoé R. Rebello Iêda M. , de Lima Dantas Juliana Borges , Medrado Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto , Barreto Maurício Andrade , de Souza Fernandes Atson Carlos
Published: November 2024

Objective

Correlate dimensions of the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity, in addition to evaluate their implications for the implants insertion in the maxilla posterior region.

Materials and Methods

Cross‐sectional tomographic study of 58 totally edentulous adult patients, totaling 116 maxillary sinuses. The RadiAnt DICOM Viewer™ 2020.2 (64‐bit) software was used to measure basal/alveolar widths and maxillary length, in addition to linear distances from the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity to calculate volumes.

Results

There was no significant correlation between the maxillary sinus nasal cavity volumes (ρ = 0.048/p = 0.609). The volume of the nasal cavity showed a significant difference between genders (p = 0.007), bigger in males. Greater alveolar and basal maxillary widths correlated with greater maxillary sinus volume. Maxilla length was significantly correlated with nasal cavity volume (ρ = 0.425/p < 0.001). Sinus membrane thickness was not significantly associated with maxillary sinus volume. There was no significant correlation between sinus thickness lateral wall and sinus membrane thickness.

Conclusion

Maxillary sinus volume did not present a significant correlation with nasal cavity volume and no correlation was found between these volumes and the age factor. Tomographic analysis of the maxillary sinus is the most reliable resource for the rehabilitation planning of the posterior region of the maxilla.
Identification of Two Amylases for Construction of Pollen‐Inactivation System in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Menglong , Peng Xiaoqun , Tang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

A critical requirement for exploiting heterosis is the production of an adequate number of male‐sterile female plants that will be further used for production of hybrid F1 seeds by outcrossing with the fertile male parent. Seed production technology (SPT) is a recently developed technology that enables mass production of male‐sterile female parents. SPT is constructed by transformation of a recessive nuclear male‐sterile mutant with a transgenic cassette consisting of three functional modules: a wild‐type gene to restore the fertility of the male‐sterile mutant, a pollen‐killer gene to destroy the pollen grains carrying the transgene and a seed marker gene to distinguish the transgenic seeds from the non‐transgenic seeds. Previous research demonstrated that the maize α‐amylase gene (ZM‐AA1), when linked to the maize polygalacturonase gene (PG47) promoter and brittle‐1 gene (BT1) signal peptide, can effectively disrupt pollen fertility by preventing the starch granule formation in pollen grains. To identify additional amylase genes that can be used for construction of the SPT system in rice, we conducted a BLAST search for amylase genes in rice and maize and tested three candidates: the rice amylase gene OsAA1, OsAA2 and the maize amylase gene ZM‐AA2. We found that OsAA1 and ZM‐AA2, when linked to the PG47 promoter and BT1 signal peptide, were capable of destroying transgenic pollen grains, while OsAA2 lacked this function. Bioinformatics analyses, including protein domain, sequence conservation and phylogenetic studies, revealed that OsAA1 and ZM‐AA2 share structural similarity with ZM‐AA1 whereas OsAA2 exhibited significant differences from ZM‐AA1 in structure and sequence. OsAA1 and ZM‐AA2 identified in this study provide valuable tools for genetic engineering of rice male sterility systems for hybrid rice breeding and production.
Revisiting the Schooling Inputs Debate: Experimental Evidence From an Early Grade Literacy Intervention in Lao PDR
Authors: Balakrishnan Uttara , Li Jessica , Safarha Elnaz , Zaas Daniel
Published: November 2024

Despite the importance of interventions focused on schooling inputs, such as teacher training and provision of reading materials, there is mixed evidence on their impacts on the intensive margin of schooling. In this context, we provide evidence from a randomized controlled trial of a schooling intervention in Lao PDR, which focused on a combination of literacy activities, including teacher training, provision of reading materials, and community engagement in children's education. We show that the 2‐year effect of the literacy activities led to significant improvements in basic and foundational literacy skills for Grade 2 students in Lao PDR. We provide suggestive evidence that improvements in school environment (including more frequent engaging activities in the classroom by the teacher) and improvements in home literacy environment (such as encouraging children to read) play a key role in students' higher literacy outcomes.
Exclusionist reactions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean citizens’ support for border restriction
Authors: Zhai Yida
Published: November 2024

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic has fueled exclusionist attitudes toward various outgroup minorities. This study examines the support among Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean citizens for restrictions on the entry of foreigners and fellow citizens living abroad during the pandemic.

Method

Cross‐national surveys were conducted using quota sampling.

Results

The results showed that the citizens of all three countries supported border restrictions, and this tendency was the strongest in China. Nationalist and authoritarian orientations were positively associated with the exclusion of foreigners and fellow citizens abroad in all three countries, revealing their universal impact. Social trust and beliefs in a country's capacity to deal with crises were expected to be negatively associated with exclusionism. This negative relationship was only confirmed in Japan and South Korea.

Conclusion

We discuss the possible reasons for the exceptional case of China and contextual factors that affect interventions for mitigating exclusionism.
Surface liming combined with the use of monoammonium phosphate and elemental sulphur in a no‐till wheat–soybean cropping system
Authors: Duart Vanderson Modolon , Caires Eduardo Fávero , Schornobai Grazielle , Spak Marcos Antônio Szeremeta , Finkler Victor Gabriel
Published: November 2024

Tropical and subtropical soils typically have high acidity and limited nutrient availability. Surface liming under no‐till systems ameliorates topsoil acidity in the short term, but it is generally slow to neutralize subsoil acidity. A field experiment was conducted in the period from 2016 to 2021 in Parana State, Brazil, on a loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludox to evaluate the effects of surface application of lime combined with the use of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and elemental S on soil acidity, root growth, plant nutrition and grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max. [L.] Merr.) under no‐till. Treatments consisted of a control (no amendments), surface lime (SL), SL + MAP and SL + MAP + elemental S. Applying lime to the soil surface increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents and base saturation, as well as reducing Al3+ content and Al3+ saturation throughout the soil profile. Such effects were more pronounced in the 0–10 cm layer and occurred to a lesser extent in the 10–100 cm layers. The addition of MAP or MAP + elemental S did not improve the effectiveness of surface liming in alleviating soil acidity throughout the soil profile. The root length per soil surface area to a depth of 100 cm exhibited a strong correlation with wheat yield, but not with soybean yield. Surface liming increased wheat yield by 40% and when lime application was combined with MAP + elemental S, the increase in wheat yield reached 74%. Surface liming resulted in a 36% increase in soybean yield, regardless of the use of MAP and elemental S. Thus, surface application of lime was effective in reducing soil acidity to a 100‐cm depth, regardless of fertilizer application with MAP and MAP + elemental S. The improving effects of surface liming had a more favourable impact on wheat root growth than on soybean root growth, probably because wheat was more affected than soybean by insufficient rainfall during the crop development cycle. Wheat showed a greater yield response to P and S fertilizer application than soybean.
Phylogenomic insights and geographic distribution of the New World genus Amphibolips Reinhard (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini) using ultraconserved elements
Authors: Castillejos‐Lemus Dohuglas Eliseo , Nieves‐Aldrey Jose‐Luis , Zhang Yuanmeng Miles , Nicholls James A. , Medianero Enrique , Rougon‐Cardoso Alejandra , Stone Graham N. , Oyama Ken
Published: November 2024

In recent years, new wasp species and genera of Cynipidae have been described, and their species delimitation and evolutionary relationships have been supported using molecular markers. However, few studies have included comprehensive and extensive sampling of specimens across the complete distribution of a single genus. In this study, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Amphibolips throughout its range using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We collected 520 adult wasps from 401 sites in various geographic locations, predominantly in Mexico, and used 78 wasps for UCE analysis. Our results demonstrate that Amphibolips forms a monophyletic clade. Amphibolips can be further subdivided into four genetically well‐differentiated clades. Each clade had morphological traits that could be collectively characterised. Species delimitation using molecular sequencing highlights the taxonomic complexity involved in separating and assigning species using exclusively morphological criteria. This approach offers an opportunity to refine current morphological taxonomic criteria or propose new criteria to establish more accurate classifications. The rich diversity of host species and geographic regions in Mexico represents a biodiversity hotspot for Amphibolips. The number of undescribed species remains high. This study facilitates the determination of appropriate boundaries for putative new Amphibolips species.
Characterization of scleral rupture of canine globes following compression via mechanical testing unit
Authors: Goldreich Jennifer , Hendrix Diane , Mulon Pierre‐Yves , Ward Daniel
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To determine the load at failure of canine intact cadaveric eyes and to describe the anatomic location and length of the rupture following external compression.

Animals Studied

Sixty‐six canine cadaveric globes.

Procedures

Globes were subjected to an axial force impacting the cornea or equator using a commercially available mechanical testing unit. Following rupture, eyes were inspected to document the anatomical site and length of rupture.

Results

The mean ± SD force necessary to induce scleral rupture was 310 ± 120 N OD and 294 ± 113 N OS. Increasing body weight (OD p = .000015, OS p = .0074) as well as cranial‐to‐caudal (OD p = .000045, OS p = .0075) and medial‐to‐lateral (OD p = .00027, OS p = .0083) globe diameter were associated with a higher force necessary to induce rupture. The median (25%, 75%) length of the scleral rupture was 8.5 (7.0, 11.0) mm OS and 10 (7.0, 12.5) mm OD. The median location was 8.0 (5.0, 10.0) mm posterior to the limbus at the most cranial extent OS and 6.5 (3.3, 10.0) mm OD. Rupture orientation in relation to the limbus was perpendicular (n = 35), parallel (n = 13), or other (n = 16). Globe laterality (i.e., OD or OS), sex, and age did not have a significant influence on the force necessary to induce rupture (p > .05).

Conclusions

Following external compression, the canine globe frequently ruptures in a region approximating the equator extending 1 cm posteriorly, which may not be readily apparent on clinical examination.
El modelo de Iglesia como mystḗryon: la comprensión de kefalḗ y sỗma en Ef 5,21-33
Authors: Granados Rojas Juan Manuel
Published: November 2024

En este artículo se analiza el modelo de Iglesia que se encuentra en Ef 5,21-33. El estudio se ocupa de la doble metáfora κεφαλή (cabeza) y σῶμα (cuerpo), así como su articulación con el concepto de μυστήριον (misterio). Al utilizar intuiciones procedentes de la retórica Antigua y moderna, y del análisis lingüístico cognitivo, demuestra que estas metáforas transmiten un modelo cristológico y ético. El estudio examina las interpretaciones feministas y emancipadoras de este pasaje, que ponen en primer plano las relaciones jerárquicas y propone, en su lugar, una lectura que promueve las relaciones recíprocas. Las metáforas revelan una visión transformadora de la Iglesia en cuanto plenitud de Cristo, perspectiva que reconfigura las normas culturales y sociales.
Military Sports Recovery Athletes’ Perspectives on Role of the Coach in Athletes’ Well-Being: The Importance of Supporting Basic Psychological Needs
Authors: Jordan Nicola , Macdonald Stephen , Allen Justine
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of athletes in a competitive military sports recovery program with a specific focus on the extent to which coaches supported, or frustrated, athletes’ basic psychological needs. Eight military veteran athletes competing in parasport took part in semistructured interviews. The accounts of their experiences of working with coaches in this context and their influence on their psychological needs and well-being were thematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that coaches’ behaviors that support basic psychological needs can have positive effects on athletes’ well-being and support their wider rehabilitation. Furthermore, frustration of these needs through controlling behaviors contributed to psychological ill-being. Findings suggest practical implications to help inform coaching practice to support optimal recovery and an environment that promotes well-being.
Menstrual-Cycle and Hormonal-Contraceptive Tracking in Gaelic Football: From the Lab to the Field
Authors: Taim Bernadette Cherianne , Catháin Ciarán Ó , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Madigan Sharon , Ní Chéilleachair Niamh
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of menstrual-cycle (MC) and hormonal-contraceptive (HC) tracking among Gaelic Football players, including the characterization of MC status and symptomatology, and to examine the effect of MC and oral-contraceptive-pill phases on daily wellness. Methods: Fourteen highly trained players (age 24.2 [3.5] y), including non-HC (n = 6), oral contraceptive pill (n = 7), and intrauterine system (n = 1) users, prospectively tracked their MC or HC alongside daily self-reported wellness measures for 4 months. A combination of calendar-based counting, urinary ovulation prediction testing, and a midluteal serum progesterone measurement was used to assess MC status. Results: Only 2 non-HC players were eumenorrheic. Two players exhibited oligomenorrhea (cycle length, 39 [4] d), and ovulation was not detected in one of them. Luteal phase deficiency was indicated in 2 players (serum progesterone range <1.0–7.5 nmol·L−1). All players except 1 reported at least 1 negative MC-related symptom or HC side effect. Linear mixed-model analyses revealed that wellness measures were not affected by oral contraceptive pill phase (P > .05). Linear mixed-model analysis was not performed in non-HC users due to the small sample of eumenorrheic players (n = 2). Conclusions: Diverse reproductive profiles were observed, including HC use and subtle MC irregularities that would likely go undetected without prospective MC tracking using biochemical outcomes. This highlights the value of incorporating ovulation testing and blood sampling when establishing the MC status of athletes in applied research and practice where feasible. Applied researchers should anticipate practical challenges, including inconsistencies in ovulation testing timings and the time scale required to assess MC status among athletes.
Distinct septo-hippocampal cholinergic projections separately mediate stress-induced emotional and cognitive deficits
Authors: Wu Jian-Lin , Li Zi-Ming , Chen Hao , Chen Wen-Jun , Hu Neng-Yuan , Jin Shi-Yang , Li Xiao-Wen , Chen Yi-Hua , Yang Jian-Ming , Gao Tian-Ming
Published: November 2024

Patients suffering from chronic stress develop numerous symptoms, including emotional and cognitive deficits. The precise circuit mechanisms underlying different symptoms remain poorly understood. We identified two distinct basal forebrain cholinergic subpopulations in mice projecting to the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) or ventral hippocampus (vHPC), which exhibited distinct input organizations, electrophysiological characteristics, transcriptomics, and responses to positive and negative valences of stimuli and were critical for cognitive and emotional modulation, respectively. Moreover, chronic stress induced elevated anxiety levels and cognitive deficits in mice, accompanied by enhanced vHPC but suppressed dHPC cholinergic projections. Chemogenetic activation of dHPC or inhibition of vHPC cholinergic projections alleviated stress-induced aberrant behaviors. Furthermore, we identified that the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil combined with blockade of muscarinic receptor 1–type muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the vHPC rescued both stress-induced phenotypes. These data illuminated distinct septo-hippocampal cholinergic circuits mediated specific symptoms independently under stress, which may provide promising strategies for circuit-based treating of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Bimetallic peroxide nanoparticles induce PANoptosis by disrupting ion homeostasis for enhanced immunotherapy
Authors: Hou Guanghui , Chen Youdong , Lei Huali , Lu Yujie , Liu Lin , Han Zhihui , Sun Shumin , Li Jingrui , Cheng Liang
Published: November 2024

PANoptosis has recently emerged as a potential approach to improve the immune microenvironment. However, current methods for inducing PANoptosis are limited. Herein, through biological screening, the rational use of the nutrient metal ions Cu
2+
and Zn
2+
had great potential to induce PANoptosis. Inspired by these findings, we successfully developed hydrazided hyaluronic acid–modified zinc copper oxide (HZCO) nanoparticles as a PANoptosis inducer to potentiate immunotherapy. Bioactive HZCO actively delivered Cu
2+
and Zn
2+
while disrupting the cellular intrinsic ion metabolism pathway, resulting in double-stranded DNA release and organelle damage in cancer cells. Simultaneously, this process triggered the formation of PANoptosome and the activation of PANoptosis. HZCO-induced PANoptosis inhibited tumor growth and activated potent antitumor immune response, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of anti–programmed cell death 1 therapy. Overall, our work provides an insight into the development of PANoptosis inducers and the design of synergistic immunotherapy strategies.
Unveiling the fundamentals of flow boiling heat transfer enhancement on structured surfaces
Authors: Inanlu Mohammad Jalal , Ganesan Vishwanath , Upot Nithin Vinod , Wang Chi , Suo Zan , Fazle Rabbi Kazi , Kabirzadeh Pouya , Bakhshi Alireza , Fu Wuchen , Thukral Tarandeep Singh , Belosludtsev Valentin , Li Jiaqi , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: November 2024

Micro- and nanostructured surfaces offer the potential to enhance two-phase heat transfer. However, the mechanisms behind these enhancements are not well-understood due to insufficient diagnostic methods, leading to reliance on trial-and-error surface development. We introduce in situ boroscopy to investigate microscale bubble dynamics during flow boiling nucleation and subsequent flow regime development. This method was applied in saturated flow boiling experiments within chemically etched aluminum and copper tubes. Although the surfaces have self-similar surface structures, our findings revealed varied heat transfer coefficient enhancements, with increases of up to 391% on aluminum and 41% on copper. Using boroscopy, we identified key mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement. We further used mercury porosimetry to determine the impact of pore size distribution on thermal performance. The boroscopy technique introduced here not only elucidates the underlying processes of flow boiling heat transfer enhancement but also has potential applications for the study of other two-phase phenomena.
Pressure enabled organic reactions via confinement between layers of 2D materials
Authors: In Yoon Seong , Park Hyoju , Lee Yeonju , Guo Changding , Kim Yu Jin , Lee Joo Song , Son Seungwoo , Choe Myeonggi , Han Daeho , Kwon Kidal , Lee Jongyeong , Ma Kyung Yeol , Ghassami Amirreza , Moon Sung Wook , Park Sun-Young , Kang Bong Kyun , Kim Yoon-Jeong , Koo Seonghyun , Genco Armando , Shim Jaewoo , Tartakovskii Alexander , Duan Yunrui , Ding Feng , Ahn Seokhoon , Ryu Sunmin , Kim Ju-Young , Yang Woo Seok , Chhowalla Manish , Park Young S. , Min Seung Kyu , Lee Zonghoon , Shin Hyeon Suk
Published: November 2024

Confinement of reactants within nanoscale spaces of low-dimensional materials has been shown to provide reorientation of strained reactants or stabilization of unstable reactants for synthesis of molecules and tuning of chemical reactivity. While few studies have reported chemistry within zero-dimensional pores and one-dimensional nanotubes, organic reactions in confined spaces between two-dimensional materials have yet to be explored. Here, we demonstrate that reactants confined between atomically thin sheets of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride experience pressures as high as 7 gigapascal, which allows the propagation of solvent-free organic reactions that ordinarily do not occur under standard conditions. Specifically, we show that cyclodehydrogenation of hexaphenylbenzene without catalysts as a proof of concept and oxidative polymerization of dopamine into sheet-like crystalline structure are enabled by the effective high pressure experienced by the reactants between the graphene layers. Our results demonstrate a facile, general approach for performing high-pressure chemistry based on confinement of reactants within two-dimensional materials.
Macrophage LRRK2 hyperactivity impairs autophagy and induces Paneth cell dysfunction
Authors: Sun Shengxiang , Hodel Miki , Wang Xiang , De Vicente Javier , Haritunians Talin , Debebe Anketse , Hung Chen-Ting , Ma Changqing , Malique Atika , Nguyen Hoang N. , Agam Maayan , Maloney Michael T. , Goo Marisa S. , Kluss Jillian H. , Mishra Richa , Frein Jennifer , Foster Amanda , Ballentine Samuel , Pandey Uday , Kern Justin , Yang Shaohong , Mengesha Emebet , Balasubramanian Iyshwarya , Arguello Annie , Estrada Anthony A. , Gao Nan , Peter Inga , McGovern Dermot P. B. , Henry Anastasia G. , Stappenbeck Thaddeus S. , Liu Ta-Chiang
Published: November 2024

LRRK2
polymorphisms (G2019S/N2081D) that increase susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease and Crohn’s disease (CD) lead to LRRK2 kinase hyperactivity and suppress autophagy. This connection suggests that LRRK2 kinase inhibition, a therapeutic strategy being explored for Parkinson’s disease, may also benefit patients with CD. Paneth cell homeostasis is tightly regulated by autophagy, and their dysfunction is a precursor to gut inflammation in CD. Here, we found that patients with CD and mice carrying hyperactive
LRRK2
polymorphisms developed Paneth cell dysfunction. We also found that LRRK2 kinase can be activated in the context of interactions between genes (genetic autophagy deficiency) and the environment (cigarette smoking). Unexpectedly, lamina propria immune cells were the main intestinal cell types that express LRRK2, instead of Paneth cells as previously suggested. We showed that LRRK2-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release from phagocytes impaired Paneth cell function, which was rescued by LRRK2 kinase inhibition through activation of autophagy. Together, these data suggest that LRRK2 kinase inhibitors maintain Paneth cell homeostasis by restoring autophagy and may represent a therapeutic strategy for CD.
North Pacific warmth synchronous with the Miocene Climatic Optimum
Authors: Nirenberg Jared E. , Herbert Timothy D.
Published: November 2024

Peak Neogene warmth and minimal polar ice volumes occurred during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO, ca. 16.95–13.95 Ma) followed by cooling and ice sheet expansion during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT, ca. 13.95–12.8 Ma). Previous records of northern high-latitude sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during these global climatic transitions are limited to Atlantic sites, and none resolve orbital-scale variability. Here, we present an orbital-resolution alkenone SST proxy record from the subpolar North Pacific that establishes a local maximum of SSTs during the MCO as much as 16 °C warmer than modern with rapid warming initiating the MCO, cooling synchronous with Antarctic ice sheet expansion during the MMCT, and high variability on orbital time scales. Persistently cooler North Pacific SST anomalies than in the Atlantic at equivalent latitudes throughout the Miocene suggest enhanced Atlantic northward heat transport under a globally warm climate. We conclude that a global forcing mechanism, likely elevated greenhouse gas concentrations, is the most parsimonious explanation for synchronous global high-latitude warmth during the Miocene.
Experience and perceived impact of anxiety and depression on quality of life following emergency caesarean section among women in Ghana: a qualitative study
Authors: Saansong Ahmed Omar Ansir , Adoma Prince Owusu , Nkrumah Jacqueline , Gbagbo Fred Yao
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study explored the experiences of women who have undergone emergency caesarean section (EmCS) and how they perceived anxiety and depression to impact their quality of life.

Design

A qualitative study grounded in the biopsychosocial model was conducted among Ghanaian women diagnosed with anxiety and depression following EmCS. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data on the psychosocial impact of EmCS on women’s lives. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes from the interviews, using Nvivo V.14 Software.

Setting

A hospital in Effutu Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. Data were collected from August 2022 to September 2023.

Participants

The study included 25 Ghanaian women who had undergone an EmCS, had clinically diagnosed and treated anxiety and/or depression and had recovered within the last 6 months. Women with pre-existing mental health conditions were excluded.

Results

The major themes identified from the thematic analysis of results included emotional distress, daily life challenges and disrupted social relationships.

Conclusions

There is an urgent need for targeted mental health interventions and culturally sensitive postpartum support to address the psychological needs of women following EmCS in Ghana.
Digitalisation level, strategies and interoperable standards in the nursing care sector in Germany and in international contexts: a study protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Stephan Belinda , Thiel Jakob , Sedlmayr Martin , Weidner Jens
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The nursing care sector faces significant challenges due to an ageing population and a concurrent increase in demand for care services. Digitalisation can be one way of overcoming these challenges by optimising care processes, such as streamlining documentation procedures. However, Germany remains in the early stages of digitalisation in nursing care. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current state of digitalisation, focusing on the level of digitalisation and potential strategies for digitalisation in the nursing care sector through an international comparison.

Methods and analysis

The literature databases PubMed, Embase, CINHAL and IEEE will be searched for studies published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2023, using search strings based on the PICOS scheme (covering Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study Types). This systematic review will conduct a qualitative synthesis of the included studies.

Ethics and dissemination

As the present study is a systematic review and patients are not directly involved, an ethical review is not required. The findings of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and detailed reports shared with relevant stakeholders in the nursing care sector.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024524587.
HIV risk assessment tools for identifying individuals who could benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Oo Myo Minn , Shukalek Caley , Kishibe Teruko , Hull Mark , Tan Darrell H S
Published: November 2024

Background

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective, safe and acceptable intervention for preventing HIV infection. However, identifying individuals who could best benefit from PrEP remains a significant challenge. Existing HIV risk assessment tools vary in performance depending on context. This systematic review aims to synthesise evidence on their diagnostic performances to predict incident HIV infection.

Methods and analysis

This protocol is informed and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Protocols. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases (January 1998–May 2024) for observational and relevant interventional studies assessing the diagnostic performance of HIV risk tools to predict incident HIV for PrEP eligibility. There will be no restrictions on study language or location. Two reviewers will conduct the search, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the Johanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Diagnostic Studies. Standardised templates will be used in Covidence for data extraction. We will conduct a meta-analysis if appropriate, otherwise, a narrative review. We will use the PRISMA guidelines to guide reporting.

Ethics and dissemination of research

Ethical approval is not required as data is publicly available. This review will inform updates to Canadian HIV PrEP guidelines and guide healthcare professionals in using HIV risk assessment tools for identifying PrEP candidates. Findings will be presented at guideline panel meetings and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024543975.
Flowslide on a fill slope triggered by a burst water pipe: a case history
Authors: Yan W.M. , Zou Haifeng , Williamson Steven J. , Ho Joe S.Y. , Lee Ryan W.H. , Kong Vince S.F.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a case study in Hong Kong of a flowslide occurred on a fill slope triggered by a burst water pipe buried near the slope crest. The onset of failure was recorded by nearby pedestrians and the video was immediately posted in social media, which had caught noticeable public attention. The flowslide resulted in a temporary closure of an undermined road section at the slope crest. The debris travelled over 500 m down the natural hillside within a country park. No casualties were reported. History of the site was studied. Information was collected to establish the chronological order of events happened before the flowslide. Post-landslide investigations including field mapping in the source area and along the debris trail, ground investigations, and a fluid-coupled numerical study were undertaken to examine the probable cause and mechanism of the failure. It is diagnosed that the high mobility of this landslide would be caused by the saturation of a loose fill layer in the slope due to water egress from the burst pipe, which in turn might have triggered a static liquefaction of the loose fill. Lessons learnt from this case history and measures to minimize similar landslide hazard on other fill slopes with similar settings are discussed.
Melatonin implants in late pregnancy increase yield and enhance milk quality in dairy goats
Authors: Canto Francisco , Peña-Delgado Victoria , Noya Agustí , Manenti Isabella , Abecia Jose
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effects of melatonin implants in pregnancy on milk production and composition, and the quality of colostrum in dairy goats. Thirty days before kidding, 92 goats (group MEL) received one melatonin implant, and the remaining 177 goats (group CON) did not. Three monthly milk evaluations included milk yield (MY, kg/d), composition (%Fat, %Protein, % Lactose), daily yield (Fat, g/d Protein, g/d Lactose). A sample of colostrum was obtained from 165 goats, from which its composition, IgG concentration were measured. MEL had a significantly (P<0.01) higher MY in the second month (3.16 ± 0.10 kg/d) than CON (2.78 ± 0.07 kg/d). In the three milk samplings, fat concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the MEL than in the CON does. In the second milk sampling, does that had received a melatonin implant produced higher (P<0.05) daily milk yield components than did non-implanted (Fat: 144 ± 6.0 vs 115 ± 3.4; Protein: 104 ± 3.4 vs 91 ± 2.5; Lactose: 148 ± 5.8 vs 131 ± 4.3 g/d). In conclusion, melatonin implants administered 30 d before kidding increased milk production, the amounts of milk daily components in the second month of lactation, and the concentration of fat milk.
New rotating Coanda-type intake for sediment-laden flows
Authors: Hazar Oğuz , Civelek Sercan , Sagir Cem Ali , Elçi Sebnem
Published: November 2024

Tyrolean and Coanda types of water intake structures are the most widely preferred bottom intake structures used to divert water from channels and river systems for various purposes, such as energy production, irrigation, and domestic use. Estimation of withdrawal water and filtered sediment amounts is important to obtain maximum efficiency from an intake structure. The purpose of this study is to numerically analyze a newly patented rotating Coanda-type intake system to achieve the highest water capturing efficiency and sediment release efficiency. The newly patented system (patent No.: TR2021011306B) presented here incorporates Coanda screens with variable void ratios, autonomously selected based on the sediment characteristics of the inflowing water. The process of selecting and positioning the appropriate screen is fully automated, requiring no human intervention. The system rotates under motor control to place the suitable screen at the operational point based on the specific requirements of the incoming sediment-laden flow.