bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Perspectives about Research and Knowledge Translation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Wright Julia , Curran Janet , Rose‐Davis Benjamin , Cellucci Tania , Duffy Ciarån M. , Tucker Lori B. , Batthish Michelle , Huber Adam M. , Lang Bianca , Levy Deborah M. , Rumsey Dax G. , Watanabe Duffy Karen N. , Stringer Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

Objective

To identify barriers and facilitators to the uptake of information from research by parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Parents of children with JIA participated in focus group and telephone interviews at four Canadian pediatric rheumatology centers. The semistructured interviews focused on perceptions about JIA research, how new information about JIA was obtained and used, and what information was of most interest. Transcripts were analyzed using a general inductive approach.

Results

Twenty‐eight parents participated in the study. Parents were very interested in research that addresses the outcomes of JIA and side effects of medications. Parents communicated an expectation that information from research be communicated to them by their child's pediatric rheumatologist as part of clinical care. Parents felt that it would be helpful to have information available to them in a variety of formats including written, video, and online. The timing of information delivery is an important factor, with parents being most interested and engaged in learning about new information about JIA at diagnosis and disease flares. We found that parents were overall unaware of new findings from JIA research and therefore may not be optimally utilizing this potentially helpful information in the care of their children.

Conclusion

This study has led to an understanding of Canadian parents’ perceptions about research and existing gaps in the translation of research knowledge. This information will facilitate the development, implementation, and evaluation of future knowledge translation interventions aimed at improving the uptake of research information in the care of children with JIA.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Near‐Contact Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Host–Bacteria Interaction Model Using 3D‐Printed Modular LED Platform
Authors: Kim Hye‐Eun , Islam Sayemul , Park Moonchul , Kim Albert , Hwang Geelsu
Published: January 2020

One well‐studied bacterial factor recognized by the host immune system is lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that stimulate host cells, resulting in cell inflammation. Although photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy demonstrates its potency on anti‐inflammatory activity, the complete mechanism of action in the host–bacteria interaction model is still elusive. In addition, many studies were performed regarding a distance between the light source and biological sample (non‐contact therapy) that may result in disparate reports on the efficacy of PBM therapy. Thus, it is critical to clearly understand the effect of this approach to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. Here, a custom‐built light‐emitting diode (LED) platform that mimics near‐contact therapy is developed. The effect and mechanism of PBM therapy on epithelial cells in response to LPS is systematically investigated under various conditions (wavelength, irradiation‐time, pulse‐frequency). The data show that the irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR‐LED) significantly improves the viability of inflamed cells. It reveals that NIR‐LED inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species by regulating the Nox4‐NF‐κB pathway. Interestingly, however, high‐pulse frequency stimulus causes the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of cells, resulting in cell death. These results suggest that the optimized “PBM condition” is critical to assist the healthy immune system of the host against bacterial invasion.
Biomaterial Approaches for Understanding and Overcoming Immunological Barriers to Effective Oral Vaccinations
Authors: Frizzell Hannah , Woodrow Kim A.
Published: January 2020

Oral vaccines have the potential to reduce cost, improve compliance, and induce immunity at mucosal surfaces that are the first line of defense against infection. The gastrointestinal tract is highly evolved to efficiently digest and absorb nutrients without eliciting aberrant inflammation. However, these functions also limit the efficacy of immunization by the oral route. While mechanisms responsible for the development of tolerance to fed antigens are being illuminated, the application of materials with precise physiochemical properties and immunomodulatory potential may accelerate understanding of immunity within the gastrointestinal tract. Insight into these immunological mechanisms can inform the design of next‐generation oral vaccines to harness critical functions to elicit immunity. Here, material strategies for oral vaccines and their dual function in understanding and overcoming immunological barriers associated with oral immunization are discussed.
Engineering Multiphase Metal Halide Perovskites Thin Films for Stable and Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Min , Figueroa‐Tapia Jetsabel M. , Prato Mirko , Petrozza Annamaria
Published: January 2020

The intrinsic instability of lead halide perovskite semiconductors in an ambient atmosphere is one of the most critical issues that impedes perovskite solar cell commercialization. To overcome it, the use of bulky organic spacers has emerged as a promising solution. The resulting perovskite thin films present complex morphologies, difficult to predict, which can directly affect the device efficiency. Here, by combining in‐depth morphological and spectroscopic characterization, it is shown that both the ionic size and the relative concentration of the organic cation, drive the integration of bulky organic cations into the crystal unit cell and the thin film, inducing different perovskite phases and different vertical distribution, then causing a significant change in the final thin film morphology. Based on these studies, a fine‐engineered perovskite is constructed by employing two different large cations, namely, ethyl ammonium and butyl ammonium. The first one takes part in the 3D perovskite phase formation, the second one works as a surface modifier by forming a passivating layer on top of the thin film. Together they lead to improved photovoltaic performance and device stability when tested in air under continuous illumination. These findings propose a general approach to achieve reliability in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
3D‐Printed Stretchable Micro‐Supercapacitor with Remarkable Areal Performance
Authors: Li Xiran , Li Hongpeng , Fan Xiangqian , Shi Xinlei , Liang Jiajie
Published: January 2020

While stretchable micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) have been realized, they have suffered from limited areal electrochemical performance, thus greatly restricting their practical electronic application. Herein, a facile strategy of 3D printing and unidirectional freezing of a pseudoplastic nanocomposite gel composed of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, manganese dioxide nanowire, silver nanowires, and fullerene to construct intrinsically stretchable MSCs with thick and honeycomb‐like porous interdigitated electrodes is introduced. The unique architecture utilizes thick electrodes and a 3D porous conductive scaffold in conjunction with interacting material properties to achieve higher loading of active materials, larger interfacial area, and faster ion transport for significantly improved areal energy and power density. Moreover, the oriented cellular scaffold with fullerene‐induced slippage cell wall structure prompts the printed electrode to withstand large deformations without breaking or exhibiting obvious performance degradation. When imbued with a polymer gel electrolyte, the 3D‐printed MSC achieves an unprecedented areal capacitance of 216.2 mF cm−2 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1, and remains stable when stretched up to 50% and after 1000 stretch/release cycles. This intrinsically stretchable MSC also exhibits high rate capability and outstanding areal energy density of 19.2 µWh cm−2 and power density of 58.3 mW cm−2, outperforming all reported stretchable MSCs.
The Human Host‐Defense Peptide Cathelicidin LL‐37 is a Nanomolar Inhibitor of Amyloid Self‐Assembly of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP)
Authors: Armiento Valentina , Hille Kathleen , Naltsas Denise , Lin Jennifer S. , Barron Annelise E. , Kapurniotu Aphrodite
Published: January 2020

Amyloid self‐assembly of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is linked to pancreatic inflammation, β‐cell degeneration, and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The multifunctional host‐defence peptides (HDPs) cathelicidins play crucial roles in inflammation. Here, we show that the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory polypeptide human cathelicidin LL‐37 binds IAPP with nanomolar affinity and effectively suppresses its amyloid self‐assembly and related pancreatic β‐cell damage in vitro. In addition, we identify key LL‐37 segments that mediate its interaction with IAPP. Our results suggest a possible protective role for LL‐37 in T2D pathogenesis and offer a molecular basis for the design of LL‐37‐derived peptides that combine antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and T2D‐related anti‐amyloid functions as promising candidates for multifunctional drugs.
Pd/Cu‐free Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions applying cobalt nanoparticles supported on multifunctional porous organic hybrid
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Khorsandi Zahra
Published: January 2020

A new heterogeneous cobalt catalyst has been synthesized by immobilizing Co species onto a nitrogen‐rich porous organic polymer (Co@imine‐POP). The heterogeneous catalyst synthesized was efficient in Heck and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions in green media under mild reaction conditions without inert air and phase transfer agents. This phosphine‐, copper‐, and palladium‐free catalyst was stable under the reaction conditions and could be reused for at least eight successive runs without a discernible decrease in its catalytic activity.
Synthesis of palladated magnetic nanoparticle (Pd@Fe3O4/AMOCAA) as an efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for promoting Suzuki and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Tamoradi Taiebeh , Daraie Mansoureh , Heravi Majid M.
Published: January 2020

Palladium supported magnetic nanoparticle (Pd@Fe3O4/AMOCAA) was easily prepared in the presence of Scrophularia striata extract and fully characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, VSM, TEM, TGA, XRD and EDAX. It was successfully employed as an easily separable and reusable effective heterogeneous catalyst classical Suzuki and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction. Sustainability of the methodology was reserved by easy recovery of the catalyst using an external magnet and reusing it for 7 times without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
Fast recovery of Au (III) and Ag(I) via amine‐modified zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8
Authors: Zhou Shuxian , Hu Chenghong , Xu Weifeng , Mo Xiaohui , Zhang Panliang , Liu Yu , Tang Kewen
Published: January 2020

In this paper, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 modified by the ethanediamine (NH2‐ZIF‐8) was employed for adsorbing Au (III) and Ag(I) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacities of NH2‐ZIF‐8 towards Au (III) and Ag(I) were found to be significantly affected by the pH values of the solution. The adsorption kinetics studies show that NH2‐ZIF‐8 presents a fast adsorption property towards metals, attaining 93% of adsorption equilibrium uptake for Au (III) within the first 30 min. This phenomenon can be ascribed to the coordination interaction between the amino group and Au (III). The thermodynamic data suggest that the adsorption of NH2‐ZIF‐8 towards Au (III) is endothermic process, while that for Ag(I) is exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of NH2‐ZIF‐8 toward Au (III) and Ag(I) can be achieved to 357 mg·g−1 and 222.25 mg·g−1, respectively. The metal ions interference results show that Cu (II) and Ni (II) hardly have no interference on Au (III) adsorption in e‐waste containing 1500 mg·l−1 Cu (II),100 mg·l−1 Ni (II) and 10 mg·l−1 Au (III); while for Ag(I), Cd (II) and Zn (II) have little interference on Ag(I) adsorption in the hybrid solutions containing Ag(I), Ni (II), Cd (II) and Zn (II) with equal concentration (50 mg·l−1), but Ni (II) interference most. The XPS study shows that partial Au (III) was reduced to Au(I), and that Ag(I) was completely reduced to Ag(0) during the adsorption process. The abundant of active sites of NH2‐ZIF‐8 containing C=N, N‐H, and Zn‐OH groups play a key role in the adsorption of Au (III) and Ag(I). In addition, electrostatic interaction can be responsible for the adsorption of Au (III) by NH2‐ZIF‐8. The regeneration experiments results show that the adsorption capacities of NH2‐ZIF‐8 towards Au (III) and Ag(I) can maintain after three cycles. This work provides a reliable method to improve the adsorption kinetics for metal ions.
Advances in the Management of Perioperative Patients' Thirst
Authors: Nascimento Leonel Alves do , Garcia Aline Korki Arrabal , Conchon Marilia Ferrari , Aroni Patrícia , Pierotti Isadora , Martins Pamela Rafaela , Nakaya Thammy Gonçalves , Fonseca Lígia Fahl
Published: January 2020

In response to an increase in osmolarity or a decrease in plasma volume, surgical patients often experience thirst during the perioperative period. Thirst causes intense discomfort for patients, but perioperative nurses and health care providers have received minimal direction on how to address this concern. This article presents evidence related to the advances in the management of patients’ thirst and discusses clinical strategies that perioperative personnel can safely implement for their patients during the preoperative and postoperative periods. The Thirst Study and Research Group at Londrina State University, Brazil, developed the Thirst Management Model to provide a standardized method for perioperative personnel. Four pillars comprise this model: identification of thirst, measurement of thirst, safety assessment for the management of thirst, and application of relief strategies. This evidence‐based model should assist perioperative nurses with translating knowledge and scientific evidence into clinical practice to provide safe patient care.
Patients' Perspectives on Relatives in the Perioperative Setting: A Danish Study
Authors: Nors Tine Bjerring , Sestoft Bodil , Dreyer Pia
Published: January 2020

Surgical patients may have doubts about bringing relatives into the perioperative setting because they are unfamiliar with the environment and rules. This study aims to investigate patients’ experiences with relatives’ participation in this context. We conducted 15 semistructured interviews with surgical patients and analyzed data according to Kvale and Brinkmann's meaning condensation. We found that patients believe they do not have tailored information to prepare themselves and their relatives for surgery. They believe that their individual information is not transferred between health care workers, making them feel unsafe and confused; that control reduces anxiety; and that cooperation among everyone involved in their care creates coherence. We concluded that a collaborative trialogue involving the patient, relatives, and health care workers may benefit all involved. In cooperation, patients can make individual choices about their care, relatives can understand their role and opportunities, and health care workers can tailor the care they provide.
Enhanced sound insulation properties of microporous PMMA foams by constructing novel multilayered and directional cell structure (MDCS)
Authors: Zhou Danfeng , Xiong Yuanlu , Yuan Huan , Shen Qiang , Luo Guoqiang , Guo Wei
Published: January 2020

The main purpose of this study is to improve the performance of soundproofing materials through structure design without any functional phases. The sound insulation properties of PMMA microporous foams with multilayered and directional cell structure (MDCS) were investigated. The influence of the MDCS on sound transmission loss was discussed in detail. In addition, the mechanism for improving the sound transmission loss of the multilayered foams was discussed. The results show that the sound transmission loss value of the multilayered foams is up to 29.70 dB, which is 29.5% higher than that of the single‐layer foams. It is due to the MDCS, which reduces the cell size of the foams, leading to increase the reflection and scattering of sound waves in pores. Meanwhile, the MDCS accompanied by multilayer interfaces increases the multiple reflection of sound waves at the interfaces. Besides, the smaller cell size and higher cell density strengthen the stiffness of the foams, which promotes the sound insulation properties. This study presents a novel and convenient method to design modern sound insulation materials.
Bayesian latent class models for capture–recapture in the presence of missing data
Authors: Di Cecco Davide , Di Zio Marco , Liseo Brunero
Published: January 2020

We propose a method for estimating the size of a population in a multiple record system in the presence of missing data. The method is based on a latent class model where the parameters and the latent structure are estimated using a Gibbs sampler. The proposed approach is illustrated through the analysis of a data set already known in the literature, which consists of five registrations of neural tube defects.
Do hemodynamics matter in the treatment of patients with submassive pulmonary emboli?
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H.
Published: January 2020

Key Points

The present article examines the right heart (RH) pressures of patients with submassive pulmonary embolism before and after catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT).

40% of patients had a low cardiac output (CI ≤1.8 L/min/m2) despite normally preserved blood pressure. After thrombolysis, CI increased and pulmonary artery pressures decreased.

Although routine RH pressure measurements may help in CDT management and possibly serve as a surrogate outcome measure, more comprehensive pulmonary embolism trials are needed to solidify the role of hemodynamics in this setting.
A scalable synthesis of (+)‐coronafacic acid
Authors: Kato Nobuki , Miyagawa Saki , Nomoto Haruna , Nakayama Misuzu , Iwashita Makoto , Ueda Minoru
Published: January 2020

A facile, efficient, and scalable synthesis of optically pure coronafacic acid by resolution of racemic coronafacic acid obtained using an improved version of Watson's method has been developed. By optimizing the boron‐mediated aldol reaction of Watson, we were able to prepare 2.1 g of racemic coronafacic acid. This was coupled with (S)‐4‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazolidinone to give a mixture of diastereomeric coronafacyl oxazolidinones, which were readily separable by silica‐gel column chromatography to give 630 mg of optically pure (+)‐coronafacic acid.
Carbon nanotube/ZnO nanowire/polyvinylidene fluoride hybrid nanocomposites for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Shayesteh Zeraati Ali , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: January 2020

Lightweight and flexible materials with high conductivity and low thickness are highly desirable for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Developing hybrid nanostructured materials, which combine the properties of their constituents, is an excellent strategy to create highly effective EMI shields. In this study, we report a hybrid polymer nanocomposite composed of carbon nanotube (CNT) and ZnO nanowire (ZnONW) for EMI shielding applications. We found that the combination of a conductive filler (CNT) and a dielectric filler (ZnONW) with a similar geometry is an effective method to fabricate nanocomposites with enhanced EMI shielding. We achieved high average shielding effectiveness of 27.3 dB (with a maximum of 41 dB at 10.2 GHz) for a sample of CNT:ZnONW (5.0:2.5 wt%) with only 1.1 mm thickness, which is among the best‐reported values in the literature for polymer nanocomposites with similar filler loading and thickness. This performance originates from the excellent electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of hybrid nanocomposites, combined with the geometry of ZnO nanowire. A comparison of the shielding properties of the developed hybrid nanocomposites with the literature implies that they are promising functional materials in the world of EMI shielding applications.
Diabetes care management patterns before and after a cancer diagnosis: A SEER‐Medicare matched cohort study
Authors: Pinheiro Laura C. , Soroka Orysya , Kern Lisa M. , Leonard John P. , Safford Monika M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Diabetes places patients with cancer at an increased risk of infections, hospitalizations, and mortality. The objective of the current study was to characterize diabetes care management patterns among patients with cancer in the year before and, separately, after cancer diagnosis. The authors hypothesized that diabetes care declines after a diagnosis of cancer.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry linked to Medicare claims data was used. The authors included diabetic beneficiaries aged ≥65 years who were diagnosed with incident, nonmetastatic breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer between 2008 and 2013. Controls were diabetic Medicare beneficiaries in SEER regions who did not have cancer. Cases were matched to controls based on age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and diabetes severity. Primary outcomes were diabetes care received over 12 months: 1) hemoglobin A1c testing; 2) eye examination; and 3) low‐density lipoprotein testing. Using a difference‐in‐difference (DID) approach, the authors examined use differences 12 months before to after diagnosis for patients with cancer and controls. To avoid capturing testing related to diagnosis and not diabetes management, the authors implemented a 90‐day washout period (45 days before and/or after diagnosis).

Results

A total of 32,728 diabetic patients with cancer and 32,728 matched noncancer controls were included. After diagnosis, patients with cancer were found to have modest, but significantly lower, rates of diabetes care use compared with controls. Patients with cancer had greater declines in hemoglobin A1c testing (DID, 2.4%; 95% CI, 1.7%‐3.0%), low‐density lipoprotein testing (DID, 4.3%; 95% CI, 3.6%‐5.0%), and receipt of all diabetes indicators (DID, 2.7%; 95% CI, 1.8%‐3.5%) 12 months before to after diagnosis.

Conclusions

Compared with controls, less diabetes care use was observed among patients with cancer in the year after diagnosis. Understanding and addressing the reasons for this may improve outcomes in this population.
Characterization of RNA‐binding motif 3 (RBM3) protein levels and nuclear architecture changes in aggressive and recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Carleton Neil M. , Zhu Guangjing , Miller M. Craig , Davis Christine , Kulkarni Prakash , Veltri Robert W.
Published: January 2020

Background

The RNA‐binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has been shown to be upregulated in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer (PCa), compared with normal tissues. Increased RBM3 nuclear expression has been linked to improved clinical outcomes.

Aims

Given that RBM3 has been hypothesized to play a role in critical nuclear functions such as chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, and other posttranscriptional processes, we sought to (a) quantify RBM3 protein levels in archival PCa samples and (b) develop a nuclear morphometric model to determine if measures of RBM3 protein levels and nuclear features could be used to predict disease aggressiveness and biochemical recurrence.

Methods and results

This study utilized two tissue microarrays (TMAs) stained for RBM3 that included 80 total cases of PCa stratified by Gleason score. A software‐mediated image processing algorithm identified RBM3‐positive cancerous nuclei in the TMA samples and calculated 22 features quantifying RBM3 expression and nuclear architecture. Multivariate logistic regression (MLR) modeling was performed to determine if RBM3 levels and nuclear structural changes could predict PCa aggressiveness and biochemical recurrence (BCR). Leave‐one‐out cross validation (LOOCV) was used to provide insight on how the predictive capabilities of the feature set might behave with respect to an independent patient cohort to address issues such as model overfitting. RBM3 expression was found to be significantly downregulated in highly aggressive GS ≥8 PCa samples compared with other Gleason scores (P < .0001) and significantly downregulated in recurrent PCa samples compared with nonrecurrent samples (P = .0377). An 11‐feature nuclear morphometric MLR model accurately identified aggressive PCa, yielding a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) of 0.90 (P < .0001) in the raw data set and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.83‐0.97) for LOOCV testing. The same 11‐feature model was then used to predict recurrence, yielding an ROC‐AUC of 0.92 (P = .0004) in the raw data set and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64‐0.87) for LOOCV testing.

Conclusions

The RBM3 biomarker alone is a strong prognostic marker for the prediction of aggressive PCa and biochemical recurrence. Further, RBM3 appears to be downregulated in aggressive and recurrent tumors.
Tuning Light‐Driven Water Oxidation Efficiency of Molybdenum‐Doped BiVO4 by Means of Multicomposite Catalysts Containing Nickel, Iron, and Chromium Oxides
Authors: Krysiak Olga A. , Junqueira João R. C. , Conzuelo Felipe , Bobrowski Tim , Wilde Patrick , Wysmolek Andrzej , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

Mo‐doped BiVO4 has emerged as a promising material for photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting, however, still shows a limited efficiency for light‐driven water oxidation. We present the influence of an oxygen‐evolution catalyst composed of Ni, Fe, and Cr oxides on the activity of Mo:BiVO4 photoanodes. The photoanodes are prepared by spray‐coating, enabling compositional and thickness gradients of the incorporated catalyst. Two different configurations are evaluated, namely with the catalyst embedded into the Mo:BiVO4 film or deposited on top of it. Both configurations provide a significantly different impact on the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency. Structural characterisation of the materials by means of SEM, TEM and XRD as well as the photoelectrocatalytic activity investigated by means of an optical scanning droplet cell and in situ detection of oxygen using scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy are presented.
Canopy structure of mixed kikuyugrass–tall fescue pastures in response to grazing management
Authors: Miqueloto Tiago , Winter Fábio Luís , Bernardon Angela , Cavalcanti Hactus Souto , de Medeiros Neto Cauby , Martins Clóvis David Medeiros , Sbrissia André Fischer
Published: January 2020

The effects of different management strategies on improving growth and modifying the botanical composition of C3 and C4 perennial grasses grown in a mixed canopy are underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the botanical composition and vegetation dynamics of a mixed canopy containing kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. Ex Chiov) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber cv. Rizomat) subjected to four grazing management strategies over 22 mo. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a factorial arrangement (two maintenance canopy heights: grazed to 7 cm in the autumn, or uninterrupted and maintained at 12 or 17 cm) with three replicates. The plots were sampled every month throughout the experimental period; the forage mass data were used to determine the botanical composition and leaf area index of the canopy. Although autumn grazing to 7‐cm height promoted an increase in pasture leaf proportion, it did not represent an effective augment in pasture leaf mass in the following winter–spring season. Canopies heights managed at 17 cm presented a greater proportion of tall fescue in herbage mass (81%) compared with those maintained at 12 cm (73%). Severe defoliation in the autumn delayed the regrowth to 12‐ or 17‐cm canopy heights by approximately 90–120 d in both evaluation years. From a farm‐level perspective, this result would restrict the recommendation of this grazing management strategy because this time lapse would demand that the pastures not be grazed for the 25–33% period of the year compared with the pastures that were not grazed in the autumn.
Plasma‐Assisted Immobilization of a Phosphonium Salt and Its Use as a Catalyst in the Valorization of CO2
Authors: Hu Yuya , Peglow Sandra , Longwitz Lars , Frank Marcus , Epping Jan Dirk , Brüser Volker , Werner Thomas
Published: January 2020

The first plasma‐assisted immobilization of an organocatalyst, namely a bifunctional phosphonium salt in an amorphous hydrogenated carbon coating, is reported. This method makes the requirement for prefunctionalized supports redundant. The immobilized catalyst was characterized by solid‐state 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The immobilized catalyst (1 mol %) was employed in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. Notably, the efficiency of the plasma‐treated catalyst on SiO2 was higher than those of the SiO2 support impregnated with the catalyst and even the homogeneous counterpart. After optimization of the reaction conditions, 13 terminal and four internal epoxides were converted with CO2 to the respective cyclic carbonates in yields of up to 99 %. Furthermore, the possibility to recycle the immobilized catalyst was evaluated. Even though the catalyst could be reused, the yields gradually decreased from the third run. However, this is the first example of the recycling of a plasma‐immobilized catalyst, which opens new possibilities in the recovery and reuse of catalysts.
A Well‐Defined Core–Shell‐Structured Capsule Catalyst for Direct Conversion of CO2 into Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Authors: Li Hangjie , Zhang Peipei , Guo Lisheng , He Yingluo , Zeng Yan , Thongkam Montree , Natakaranakul Jaru , Kojima Tatsuki , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Vitidsant Tharapong , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: January 2020

A Pd/SiO2@S1@H‐ZSM‐5 capsule catalyst (Pd/SiO2–SZ) is fabricated through a dual‐layer crystal growth method with an auxiliary hydrothermal reaction. The catalyst exhibits excellent selectivity to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in CO2 hydrogenation reactions, which is attributed to the tandem reactions of methanol synthesis on the Pd/SiO2 core catalyst and methanol dehydration to hydrocarbons on the H‐ZSM‐5 shell. The Pd/SiO2–SZ capsule catalyst has a similar mesoporous structure, narrow range of Pd particles size distribution, and consistent reduction characteristics to the Pd/SiO2 core catalyst. It maintains the physical and chemical properties of the core catalyst throughout the H‐ZSM‐5 shell synthesis process. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite shell completely encapsulates the Pd/SiO2 core catalyst. Compared with the crushed capsule catalyst (Pd/SiO2–SZP), the well‐defined‐structured Pd/SiO2–SZ catalyst has a much higher LPG selectivity of 33.6 %, owing to the well‐matched reactions at the Pd/SiO2 core and H‐ZSM‐5 shell.
Neutral transport code for rovibrational population calculation of molecular hydrogen in large helical device plasmas
Authors: Sawada Keiji , Nakamura Hiroaki , Saito Seiki , Kawamura Gakushi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Haga Kenta , Migita Ryusei , Sawada Takumi , Hasuo Masahiro
Published: January 2020

An rovibrationally resolved collisional‐radiative model of molecular hydrogen (K. Sawada and M. Goto, Atoms 4: 29, 2016) is included in the authors' neutral transport code for large helical device (LHD) plasmas. The spatial distributions of the electron temperature and density, including the divertor and divertor leg regions, are given to the code. The molecules released from the graphite divertor target are tracked. The initial rotational and vibrational states of the released molecules are provided by simulation using a molecular dynamics model. The rovibrational population produced in an LHD plasma is evaluated.
DSM‐5 eating disorders among adolescents and young adults in Finland: A public health concern
Authors: Silén Yasmina , Sipilä Pyry N. , Raevuori Anu , Mustelin Linda , Marttunen Mauri , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna
Published: January 2020

Objective

We aimed to assess the lifetime prevalence, 10‐year incidence, and peak periods of onset for eating disorders as defined by the Fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) among adolescents and young adults born in the 1980s in Finland.

Method

Virtually all Finnish twins born in 1983–1987 (n = 5,600) were followed prospectively from the age of 12 years. A subsample of participants (n = 1,347) was interviewed using a semi‐structured diagnostic interview in their early twenties.

Results

The prevalence of lifetime DSM‐5 eating disorders was 17.9% for females and 2.4% for males (pooled across genders, 10.5%). The estimated lifetime prevalences for females and males, respectively, were 6.2 and 0.3% for anorexia nervosa (AN), 2.4 and 0.16% for bulimia nervosa (BN), 0.6 and 0.3% for binge‐eating disorder (BED), 4.5 and 0.16% for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED), and 4.5 and 1.6% for unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED). Among females, the prevalence of OSFED subcategories was as follows: atypical AN 2.1%, purging disorder 1.3%, BED of low frequency/limited duration 0.7%, and BN of low frequency/limited duration 0.4%. The 10‐year incidence rate of eating disorders was 1,700 per 100,000 person‐years among females (peak age of onset 16–19 years) and 220 per 100,000 person‐years among males.

Discussion

Eating disorders are a common public health concern among youth and young adults, affecting one in six females and one in 40 males. Adequate screening efforts, prevention, and interventions are urgently needed.
Cadmium‐based metal–organic framework for removal of dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Hazrati Mahnaz , Safari Meysam
Published: January 2020

Metal–organic framework ([Cd2(oba)2(4‐bpdb)2]
n·3.5(DMF)) (TMU‐8) was successfully synthesized via mechanosynthesis by using nonlinear dicarboxylate and linear N‐donor. The TMU‐8 exhibited accessible cages and tunnels, specific adsorption making it excellent adsorbent for dye removal. The obtained TMU‐8 exhibited accessible cages and tunnels, specific adsorption making them excellent adsorbent for dye removal. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic analyses of the removal of the reactive black 5 onto TMU‐8 were studied. Several variables affecting the removal of the reactive black 5, such as sample pH, amount of sorbent, contact time, and salt concentration, were investigated and optimized. The thermodynamic parameters and kinetics characteristics were also analyzed. The thermodynamic parameters and kinetics characteristics were analyzed. The experimental isotherms data were fitted into Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm equations, and the results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm described the data appropriable than others for reactive black 5 adsorptions. The qmax (mg g−1) was calculated from the Langmuir as 79.36 mg g−1. The fitness of equilibrium data to kinetic models such as, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order were studied. The adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters like the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were determined by the Gibbs free energy function, confirming that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and feasible.
Multicomposite super‐resolution microscopy: Enhanced Airyscan resolution with radial fluctuation and sample expansions
Authors: Wang Baoju , Yao Longfang , Jing Yueyue , Fei Yiyan , Bai Qianming , Mi Lan , Ma Jiong
Published: January 2020

Either modulated illumination or temporal fluctuation analysis can assist super‐resolution techniques in overcoming the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy. As they are not contradictory to each other, an effective combination of spatial and temporal super‐resolution mechanisms would further improve the resolution of fluorescent images. Here, a super‐resolution imaging method called fluctuation‐enhanced Airyscan technology (FEAST) is proposed, which achieves ~40 nm lateral imaging resolution and is useful for a range of fluorescent proteins and organic dyes. It was demonstrated not only to obtain different subcellular super‐resolution images, but also to improve the accuracy of counting the average human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) copy number for diagnosis in breast cancer. Furthermore, the combination of FEAST and sample expansion microscopy (Ex‐FEAST) improves the lateral resolution to ~26 nm.
Long-Term Immobilization in Elderly Females Causes a Specific Pattern of Cortical Bone and Osteocyte Deterioration Different From Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Rolvien Tim , Milovanovic Petar , Schmidt Felix N , von Kroge Simon , Wölfel Eva M , Krause Matthias , Wulff Birgit , Püschel Klaus , Ritchie Robert O , Amling Michael , Busse Björn
Published: January 2020

Immobilization as a result of long-term bed rest can lead to gradual bone loss. Because of their distribution throughout the bone matrix and remarkable interconnectivity, osteocytes represent the major mechanosensors in bone and translate mechanical into biochemical signals controlling bone remodeling. To test whether immobilization affects the characteristics of the osteocyte network in human cortical bone, femoral diaphyseal bone specimens were analyzed in immobilized female individuals and compared with age-matched postmenopausal individuals with primary osteoporosis. Premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy individuals served as control groups. Cortical porosity, osteocyte number and lacunar area, the frequency of hypermineralized lacunae, as well as cortical bone calcium content (CaMean) were assessed using bone histomorphometry and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). Bone matrix properties were further analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the immobilization group, cortical porosity was significantly higher, and qBEI revealed a trend toward higher matrix mineralization compared with osteoporotic individuals. Osteocyte density and canalicular density showed a declining rate from premenopausal toward healthy postmenopausal and osteoporotic individuals with peculiar reductions in the immobilization group, whereas the number of hypermineralized lacunae accumulated inversely. In conclusion, reduced osteocyte density and impaired connectivity during immobilization are associated with a specific bone loss pattern, reflecting a phenotype clearly distinguishable from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Immobilization periods may lead to a loss of survival signals for osteocytes, provoking bone loss that is even higher than in osteoporosis states, whereas osteocytic osteolysis remains absent. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A counterintuitive perspective for the role of fat‐free mass in metabolic health
Authors: Lagacé Jean‐Christophe , Brochu Martin , Dionne Isabelle J.
Published: January 2020

Fat‐free mass (FFM) has long been recognized to play a role in metabolic homeostasis. Over the years, it has become widely accepted by the scientific and general community alike that having a greater FFM can be protective for metabolic health. Hence, in the context of an aging population concurrently facing sarcopenia and an elevated incidence of metabolic diseases, substantial efforts are being made to study and develop interventions aiming to maintain or increase FFM. However, accumulating evidence now suggests that a large FFM may be deleterious to metabolic health, at least in some populations. The objective of this article is thus to raise awareness surrounding these results and to explore possible explanations and mechanisms underlying this counterintuitive association.
Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico docking studies of new quinazolin‐2,4‐dione analogues as possible anticarcinoma agents
Authors: Abdelmonsef Aboubakr H. , Mosallam Ahmed M.
Published: January 2020

Today, cancer is considered as one of the major reasons of death in human beings worldwide. We reported herein the synthesis, anticancer activity, and in silico docking studies of a series of nine quinazolindione‐based scaffolds bearing pyrimidine, pyridine, pyran, and pyrazole moieties (1‐9) through Michael addition, Vilsmeier‐Haack, Claisen‐Schmidt, and nucleophilic addition reactions. The chemical structures of the newly prepared compounds were ascertained by means of their spectral analysis techniques like IR, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C‐NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. This work was conducted to investigate the implication of Rho7 protein in breast and hepatocellular cancer cells aggressively. MCF‐7 and HepG2 cells have been selected as models for the effect of protein expression on breast and hepatocellular cancers cell growth. All prepared compounds were biologically evaluated for their antiproliferative efficacy on hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7); also, their effects on normal cell lines (BALB/3T3) were studied. Moreover, in silico molecular docking studies were studied for the compounds against the binding site of Homo sapiens Rho7 protein. The pharmacokinetic properties of the newer compounds were also evaluated using various computational tools. The compounds showed interesting interactions with satisfactory docking scores to the target Rho7; thus, they may act as promising potent drug candidates against cancer.
Exploring the Global and the Local in Engineering and International Development: Towards a Liquid Engineering Approach
Authors: Robbins Peter , Wield David , Wilson Gordon
Published: January 2020

This special issue on the global and the local in engineering and development builds on an earlier JID Policy Arena on reflexive engineering. It extends our thinking by elaborating the notion of ‘liquid engineering’, which sees engineering and development as messy and improvisational, a borderland hybrid space, composed of objects and practices, and as reflexive and evolutionary. A set of research articles explore this in different ways using a set of case studies, and the policy arena that follows examines liquid engineering in the context of development practice. All the articles suggest that development engineering is at its most successful when embedded locally and informed by global standards flexed or adapted to local conditions. The local through the integration of relevant case studies can then also shape global practices in useful ways. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of ovalbumin‐derived peptides as multi‐target inhibitors of AChE, BChE, and BACE1
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Dong Wanyi , Wu Sijia , Shen Juntong , Zhao Wenzhu , Ding Long , Liu Jingbo , Zheng Fuping
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the elderly. There is no ideal treatment for AD. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify anti‐AD peptides from ovalbumin.

RESULTS

The potential tripeptides IEK, LYR, and CIK were selected for molecular docking. The ‘‐CDOCKER_Energy’ values of the best docking positions of the tripeptide IEK, LYR, and CIK interacting with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were 93.8119, 86.9556 and 73.6370 kcal mol−1, respectively. The ‘‐CDOCKER_Energy’ values for interaction with butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were 96.6386, 80.8392, and 87.4341 kcal mol−1, respectively. Most importantly, the ‘‐CDOCKER_Energy’ values for interaction with β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme1 (BACE1) were 85.5903, 71.3342, and 68.4290 kcal mol−1, respectively. Overall, in vitro assay results demonstrated that the peptide CIK exhibited impressive inhibitory activities against AChE, BChE, and BACE1, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 6.76, 7.72, and 34.48 μmol L−1, respectively. In particular, CIK can be joined with some peripheral anion sites (PAS) and catalytic sites on AChE, BChE, and BACE1.

CONCLUSION

Tripeptide CIK can effectively inhibit the activities of AChE, BChE, and BACE1. Tripeptide CIK therefore has the potential to treat AD effectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Edible films based on aqueous emulsions of low‐methoxyl pectin with recovered and purified sunflower waxes
Authors: Chalapud Mayra C , Baümler Erica R , Carelli Amalia A
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Edible films were obtained from aqueous emulsions prepared with low‐methoxyl pectin at different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 g kg−1) and two sunflower wax samples recovered from two waste samples of filter cakes produced in the winterization process of sunflower oil. The two sunflower waxes samples recovered (from the normal hybrid, NSFW, and from the high‐oleic hybrid, HOSFW) were added in three proportions (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g g‐1 of pectin). Films were evaluated according to their structure, water resistance, water vapor permeability, mechanical properties and thermal behavior.

RESULTS

In general, good dispersion of the lipid material was observed in the cross‐sections of the film. Increase in the water resistance (lower swelling index and water adsorption) was associated with a greater pectin content crosslinked with Ca2+ and the hydrophobic nature of waxes. The reduction in water vapor transfer rates was influenced by the effect of the wax addition, their fatty acid composition and their good distribution on the film. More resistant, rigid and less flexible films were obtained with lower pectin content, finding an inverse relationship between tensile strength and elongation percentage values.

CONCLUSION

These results evidence a promising alternative in the development of innovative strategies to valorize sunflower waxes derived from waste material. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Homoisoflavonoids profiling of Ophiopogon japonicus by off‐line coupling high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector‒quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Deng Xu , Xu Jinju , Tong Chaoying , Shi Fangying , Shi Shuyun
Published: January 2020

Roots of Ophiopogon japonicus have been used as a functional food ingredient and traditional Chinese medicine for a long time in China. Homoisoflavonoids are one of the major kinds of bioactive compounds in O. japonicus; however, literature data about its homoisoflavonoids profile are scarce because of the complex ingredients with low abundance. Here, homoisoflavonoid fraction was prepared by petroleum ether extraction. Then, a high‐speed countercurrent chromatography off‐line coupling with high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector‒quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed for systematic identification of homoisoflavonoids. After that, 39 homoisoflavonoids, including 29 homoisoflavanone and 10 homoisoflavone, were unambiguously or tentatively identified, while 12 of them were reported in O. japonicus for the first time. Finally, eight available homoisoflavonoids were sensitively, precisely, and accurately determined by standard calibration curves, with limit of detection and limit of quantification in the range of 0.05–0.30 μg/mL and 0.12–0.66 μg/mL, relative standard deviation less than 7.3% for intra‐ and interday variations, and recovery at 94.5–105.2%. Collectively, our developed method is efficient, reliable, and valuable to profile chemical components of complex natural products.