bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro plant regeneration of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) cv. Zaytoni via indirect organogenesis
Authors: IBRAHIM Majid Abdel , JASIM Abbas Mehdi , ABBAS Muayed Fadhil
Published: December 2023

In vitro plant regeneration was achieved in Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk., through de novo formation of meristems in callus obtained from the shoot tip cultured on MS medium supplemented with either IBA (10.0 mg.l-1) or NAA (15.0 mg.l-1) and 5.0 mg.l-1 BA. Organogenic callus was obtained when the primary callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA at 5.0 mg.l-1 .Adventitious shoots were obtained when the organogenic callus was incubated on MS medium supplemented with BA at 1.0 mg.l-1 and NAA at 0.1 mg.l-1. Whole plants were developed when the adventitious shoots were transferred to half strength MS medium supplemented with NAA at 0.2 mg.l-1.
Japonski dresnik (Fallopia japonica [Houtt.] Ronse Decraene) in njegovo zatiranje z bolšico Aphalara itadori Shinji
Authors: LAZNIK Žiga , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: December 2023

Evropska agencija za okolje je sestavila seznam 163 najpomembnejših invazivnih organizmov, ki ogrožajo ekosisteme v Evropi. Med njimi je tudi rastlinska vrsta japonski dresnik (Fallopia japonica), ki uspeva na različnih tipih tal. Najhitreje poseljuje ruderalna rastišča, vendar postaja zaradi njegove izredne konkurenčnosti vse pomembnejši člen ekosistemov, kjer izpodriva samonikle rastlinske vrste. Mehansko odstranjevanje japonskega dresnika s košnjo je le začasna rešitev, saj ga na takšen način ne zatremo. Ker se ta rastlinska vrsta razrašča v urbanih območjih in ob vodah, številni strokovnjaki menijo, da predstavlja dolgoročno rešitev le biotično zatiranje tega plevela, in sicer z vnosom njegovega naravnega sovražnika iz okolja, od koder izvira tudi omenjena invazivna vrsta. Na Japonskem ima japonski dresnik okoli 180 različnih naravnih sovražnikov, a le bolšici Aphalara itadori pripisujejo gospodarski pomen. Največjo škodo s sesanjem rastlinskega soka na japonskem dresniku povzročajo najmlajše nimfe. Napadene rastline sicer ne propadejo, vendar je njihova rast omejena. V Veliki Britaniji, ki je prvo ozemlje v Evropi, kamor so vnesli omenjeno bolšico, so potrdili zmožnost njenega preživetja na prostem tudi pozimi. Vnos bolšice Aphalara itadori z namenom zatiranja japonskega dresnika je tako v Evropi kot v svetu prvi zgled klasičnega biotičnega zatiranja plevelov.
Genska banka Oddelka za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani
Authors: LUTHAR Zlata , ROZMAN Ludvik , OSTERC Gregor , ČOP Jure
Published: December 2023

Skrb za ohranjanje narave, v ožjem smislu tudi genskih virov, ne sme biti prepuščena posameznikom ali posameznim ustanovam, ampak je potrebno ta problem reševati na regionalni, nacionalni in mednarodni ravni. S tem namenom je bila ustanovljena leta 1974 organizacija IBPGR (sedaj Bioversity International), ki je samostojna inštitucija, povezana s FAO ter podobnimi organizacijami po celem svetu in skrbi za ohranjanje svetovnih genskih virov. Pod njenim okriljem so bili za posamezne vrste izdelani tudi deskriptorji, po katerih se genski material opisuje in vrednoti. To je eden od razlogov, da so se leta 1996 v Sloveniji posamezne zbirke, ki hranijo kmetijske rastline združile in dobile status nacionalnega pomena z imenom Slovenska rastlinska genska banka. Del tega je tudi Genska banka kmetijskih rastlin Oddelka za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete, ki jo sestavljajo štiri genske banke povečini domačih vzorcev ajde (navadna in tatarska), koruze (populacije in iz njih vzgojene linije), sadnih rastlin (jablane, hruške in orehi) ter trav in metuljnic (rod Lolium, Dactylis in Trifolium). Kljub temu, da se skrbi za različne rastlinske vrste, ima genska banka nekaj skupnih organizacijskih značilnosti. Način in razmere hranjenja so podobne, ne glede na rastlinsko vrsto. Tako se vzorci semen hranijo ex situ - izven naravnega okolja v hladilnikih. Sadne vrste se hranijo ex situ v obliki nasadov. Delo genske banke je osredotočeno na pravilno hranjenje vzorcev, zbiranje (kolekcioniranje) vzorcev, obnavljanje in razmnoževanje semen, vzdrževanje in zasaditev novih nasadov sadnih rastlin. Med glavnimi nalogami je tudi zbiranje osnovnih (pasport) podatkov o vzorcih, opisovanje in vrednotenje zbranih podatkov po mednarodnih deskriptorjih, sodelovanje med genskimi bankami ter dosegljivost zbirke oz. vzorcev. Razlogi za zbiranje vzorcev in ustanavljanje genske banke ter aktivnosti imajo nekaj skupnih značilnosti, predvsem rešiti genski material pred propadom, vsaka zbirka pa ima specifičnosti, po katerih je tudi razpoznavna.
Genska banka sadnih rastlin: naravna zbirka različnih sladkorjev in kislin v jabolkih
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , ŠTAMPAR Franci
Published: December 2023

V okviru “Nacionalnega programa genske banke kulturnih rastlin” smo v Kartuziji Pleterje zasadili sadovnjak, kjer zbiramo različne stare sorte jablan in hrušk. Z zasajanjem sadovnjaka smo začeli leta 1994, trenutno raste v sadovnjaku 119 različnih sort jablan ter 44 različnih sort hrušk. Drevesa so cepljena na ustrezne podlage in pri vsaki sorti je posajenih pet dreves skupaj. Varstvo pred boleznimi in škodljivci poteka v zadnjih letih po programu biološkega varstva rastlin, tako da je mogoče zelo hitro oceniti občutljivost posameznih sort za okužbo z različnimi boleznimi in škodljivci. V članku smo zbrali podatke za 100 različnih sort jablan. Vsebnost sladkorjev v jabolkih je tesno povezana s časom zorenja jablan. V zgodnjih sortah jablan smo tako izmerili največ fruktoze, 64 g/kg plodu, vsebnost ostalih sladkorjev je bila precej manjša. Pri srednje zgodnjih sortah se je vsebnost saharoze povečala iz 24,6 g/kg, kolikor je znašala pri zgodnjih sortah, na 38,5 g/kg ter srednje poznih sortah na 37,6 g/kg. Pri poznih sortah pa je spet prevladovala fruktoza s 70,3 g/kg plodov. Od kislin je v plodovih ne glede na čas obiranja prevladovala jabolčna kislina. Največ, 4 g/kg plodov, smo je izmerili v plodovih zgodaj zorečih sort jablan, 3 g/kg pa v pozno zorečih sortah. V plodovoh srednje zgodaj zorečih ter srednje pozno zorečih sort smo namerili manj kot 3 g jabolčne kisline/kg plodov.
Ovrednotenje genskih virov belih sort žlahtne vinske trte (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: PELENGIĆ Radojko , PIPAN Barbara , MEGLIČ Vladimir , RUSJAN Denis
Published: December 2023

Geografska lega, klimatske razmere in zgodovinska pripadnost so glavni dejavniki, ki so botrovali k oblikovanju raznolikega sortimenta sort žlahtne vinske trte na območju današnje Slovenije. Sorte žlahtne vinske trte (Vitis vinifera L.) je mogoče opisati na več nivojih in z različnimi metodami. Ovrednotenje ali celo okarakterizacija lahko poteka na podlagi morfoloških, morfometričnih, biokemijskih in genetskih značilnosti posamezne sorte. V prispevku smo na podlagi analiz karotenoidnih pigmentov ter DNK analiz z uporabo molekulskih markerjev ugotavljali podobnosti in sorodnost med 17-imi akcesijami žlahtne vinske trte. Namen raziskave je bil odkriti morebitno povezavo med karotenoidnimi profili in meritvami barve sort ter ovrednotenje kemotaksonomskega potenciala dobljenih rezultatov za razlikovanje sort žlahtne vinske trte. Dobljene rezultate smo primerjali z rezultati analiz z metodo mikrosatelitov. V raziskavo smo vključili 17 različnih genskih virov belih sort žlahtne vinske trte, ki so posajene v kolekcijskem vinogradu Biotehniške fakultete (BF), ki obenem služi tudi kot genska banka. Rezultati evalvacije obravnavanih genskih virov belih sort žlahtne vinske trte se tako na biokemijskem kot tudi na genetskem nivoju dopolnjujejo, kar pomeni, da so obravnavane akcesije generalno razdelili v tri večje skupine, znotraj katerih prihaja do manjših odstopanj, kar je verjetno posledica lastnosti posameznih genotipov in vpliva okolja.
Vitamin and mineral nutritional status of healthy pregnant women improved by nutrient supplements
Authors: PUŠ Tamara , PODGRAJŠEK Ksenija , FIDLER MIS Nataša , BENEDIK Evgen , ROGELJ Irena , SIMČIČ Marjan
Published: December 2023

Including varied and healthy food in daily diet that contains adequate amounts of nutrients is vital during pregnancy, especially when there is an increased requirement for several micronutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin and mineral status of healthy pregnant women (N = 69) and to determine whether nutrient supplements improve their nutritional status. The evaluation of nutritional status was done by Prodi 5.7 Expert Plus computer programme and IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 for statistical analysis. Nutrient intake of vitamins C, D, E, folic acid and minerals iron, iodine, calcium and sodium were compared with Reference values for nutrient intake (2004). Results of our study show that the most problematic nutrients are folate, iron and vitamin D. Intake of vitamins and minerals with food is of concern, as 46.4 % of all participants are indicated as women with poor nutritional status (sufficient in two or less nutrients), moreover none of them met the demand for six out of seven studied nutrients. Taking supplementation into account, 27.5 % of participants covered the need for six or more nutrients, however almost a quarter of studied subjects still remain in the group with poor nutritional status. In conclusion among participants who decided to take supplements, the vast majority of them improved their vitamin-mineral status moreover few of them improved their status significantly. Therefore the use of nutrient supplements could on average improve vitamin-mineral status as intake with a diet is obviously inadequate.
Enthalpies of mixing in ternary Ag–Eu–Sn liquid alloys
Authors: Ivanov Michael , Usenko Natalia , Kotova Natalia
Published: December 2023

The enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys of the ternary Ag–Eu–Sn system were determined over a wide range of concentrations by means of isoperibolic calorimetry in the temperature range from 1313 to 1373 K. The partial enthalpies of each component of the ternary system were measured along the following sections:

Δ

H

̄

Ag

${\Delta}{\bar{H}}_{\text{Ag}}$

along the section with x
Eu
/x
Sn = 0.28/0.72 up to silver content of about x
Ag = 0.2 at 1373 K;

Δ

H

̄

Sn

${\Delta}{\bar{H}}_{\text{Sn}}$

along three sections (x
Ag/x
Eu = 0.31/0.69, 0.50/0.50 and 0.70/0.30) up to x
Sn = 0.35 at 1373 K;

Δ

H

̄

Eu

${\Delta}{\bar{H}}_{\text{Eu}}$

along the section x
Ag/x
Sn = 0.50/0.50 up to x
Eu = 0.25 at 1313 K. The enthalpies of mixing in the liquid Ag–Eu–Sn alloys show exothermic effects, being more pronounced in the vicinity of the Eu–Sn binary constituent. The minimum value of the integral enthalpy of about −60 kJ mol−1 is observed in the composition region of the congruently melting Eu2Sn phase.
Peirce Decompositions for Evolution Algebras
Authors: Paniello Irene
Published: December 2023

We address Peirce decompositions for evolution algebras at idempotent elements contained in the associative nucleus of the evolution algebras. If the idempotent elements are natural vectors, the requirement of being nuclear is then proved to be equivalent to the evolution algebra to be baric. A description of baric evolution algebras is also provided.
Impact of process parameters on transitions in the microstructural characteristics and mechanical attributes of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints during FSW
Authors: Srinivasan D. , Sevvel P. , Gunasekaran J .
Published: December 2023

Transformations in microstructural characteristics and mechanical attributes of friction stir welded 3 mm thick Ti–6Al–4V alloy plates was investigated by employing distinctive tool rotational and traverse speeds. Impact of these parameters on microstructural transitions, generation of flaws, hardness, and tensile properties of the joints were analyzed. Increase in rotational speed from 1200 rpm to 1600 rpm have contributed for escalation in temperature, even above the β transus temperature. Large sized lamellar alpha grains was found to be transformed into finely refined lamellar alpha + altered beta grains in uppermost portion of nugget zone of joints fabricated at 1600 rpm and 50 mm/min combinations. This transformation have occurred due to the impact of the thermal cycles and stirring mechanism. These joints were found to be free from flaws including volumetric related defects, kissing bond, tunnel flaws. Majority of the fabricated joints possessed lowest value of mechanical properties in their heat affected zone and exhibited fracture in this zone. Properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy joints were evaluated with respect to pseudo index of heat and it was observed that rotational speed of the tool is a dominant parameter in impacting both the mechanical attributes and microstructural transformations of the joints.
Research on high-bandwidth linear active disturbance rejection control method for variable speed turboshaft engine
Authors: Huang Bo , Li Wenbo , Peng Yerong , Song Jie
Published: December 2023

The wide flight range and high torsional vibration frequency of high-speed helicopters impose stricter criteria for the high-bandwidth control of turboshaft engines. Consequently, research is underway to implement a high-bandwidth control method for turboshaft engines using the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) theory. Initially, the LADRC is designed based on the mathematical model of the integrated helicopter/engine system. To address the challenge of maintaining control quality with varying speed reference commands for the power turbine, an improved LADRC method with tracking differentiators (TD) is developed. Numerical simulations comparing the control effectiveness of LADRC with TD to cascade PID and conventional LADRC methods are conducted. The results demonstrate that the improved LADRC gains have a wider tuning range than the LADRC controller, and the power turbine speed tracking effect of LADRC with TD is optimal. It is more conducive to accomplish high-bandwidth control of turboshaft engine with variable rotational speed.
Occupational recognition during the Covid-19 pandemic: differences between occupational groups and the association with compliance with infection control measures
Authors: Babst Axel , Groß Martin , Lang Volker
Published: December 2023

This paper examines two research questions. First, we investigate whether specific occupational groups experienced changes in the recognition they received during the Covid-19 crisis. Second, we analyse whether occupational recognition can promote compliance with infection control measures. In addition, we distinguish between a micro-level of job recognition and compliance in the direct working environment on the one hand and a macro-level of recognition of occupational groups and general acceptance of infection control measures on the other. We find that health care occupations and “basic occupations” (essential occupations that do not require formal training) report an increase in recognition received by society during the pandemic, but still perceive the lowest levels of recognition overall. These groups also report lower levels of political recognition and do not feel adequately remunerated. Furthermore, occupational recognition has a positive impact on compliance with infection control measures. We identify institutional trust as the most important mediator. While occupational recognition in the immediate work environment has the greatest impact on micro-level compliance at the workplace, occupational recognition at the macro-level is relevant for accepting closures of public facilities, various restrictions and the intention to get vaccinated.
Occupational health in slaughterhouses in Germany: translating political claims into Legal Language during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Valdivia Alejandro , Gallon Johannes , Mangold Anna Katharina
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic provided political momentum for social and legal change in occupational health in slaughterhouses in Germany. After years of unsuccessful scandalisation over the precarious working conditions in slaughterhouses, a comprehensive legislative framework was introduced in 2020: the Federal Occupational Health and Safety Control Act (Arbeitsschutzkontrollgesetz). This article traces the political and legal events leading to the enactment of this legislation, contributing to a wider empirical debate about the interaction of civil society and democratic institutions. Methodologically, we combine a legal analysis of the legislative process with a political science analysis of the participation of civil society actors, mainly labour unions. Theoretically, we explore how civil society actors translated the content of political claims into legal arguments through the lens of disciplinary translations and knowledge translation. The results of our study highlight the importance of translations as a hermeneutic concept for bringing about legal changes.
A modernkori kalózkodás okozta jogi kihívások Franciaország, Olaszország és Spanyolország gyakorlatában
Authors: Amarilla Kiss
Published: December 2023

A tengeri kalózkodás a hajózás szabadságát és a tengerek biztonságát fenyegető bűncselekmény. A nemzetközi közösség az ókortól üldözi a kalózkodást, az elkövetőket az emberiség ellenségének bélyegezve. A tengerek biztonsága ma is kulcsfontosságú, tekintve, hogy a világkereskedelem mintegy 90%-a, az Európai Unió külkereskedelmének szintén közel 90%- a tengeren zajlik. Az uniós tagállamok közül Franciaország, Olaszország és Spanyolország különösen érdekelt a kalózkodás visszaszorításában. A tengerek biztonságának garantálása nem kizárólag katonai, biztonságpolitikai kérdés, hanem a megfelelő jogszabályok meghozatalával kezdődik és nem ér véget egy katonai művelettel, hanem annak utóéletébe az adott állam bíróságai is bevonódnak. A tanulmány célja, hogy feltárja, hogy az említett államok jogrendje hogyan reagál a kalózkodás jelentette kihívásokra. Az elemzés alapja a kalózkodásra vonatkozó jogi szabályozás, a biztonsági magánvállalatok irányába tanúsított magatartás, valamint a releváns bírói gyakorlat.
Nemzetközi trendek a vendéglátásban, a vendéglátás jövője
Authors: Raffay Zoltán
Published: December 2023

A globális méreteket öltő turizmus ágazat egyik legfontosabb szolgáltatása a vendéglátás. A vendéglátás az elmúlt évtizedekben növelte részesedését mind a foglalkoztatásból, mint az előállított hozzáadott érték tekintetében. Az Európai Unióban a vendéglátás a GDP mintegy 4%-át adta már az új évezred legelején, és azóta évente gyors, akár 5-6%-os növekedési ütemet mutatott különböző gazdasági és demográfiai trendeknek és változásoknak, illetve technológiai fejlesztéseknek, valamint a munkaerőpiacon bekövetkezett változásoknak köszönhetően. A tanulmány a gyorsan változó vendéglátás szektorban az elmúlt években tapasztalt, illetve a következő években várható trendeket elemzi.
Late pre-Hispanic fog oasis settlements and long-term human occupation on the Peruvian central coast from satellite imagery
Authors: Marcone Giancarlo , Huertas Geraldine , Zimmer-Dauphinee James , Van Valkenburgh Parker , Moat Justin , Wernke Steven A.
Published: December 2023

Fog oases (lomas) present pockets of verdant vegetation within the arid coastal desert of Andean South America and archaeological excavation within some of the oases has revealed a long history of human exploitation of these landscapes. Yet lomas settlements are under-represented in archaeological datasets due to their tendency to be located in remote inter-valley areas. Here, the authors employ satellite imagery survey to map the locations of anthropogenic surface features along the central Peruvian coast. They observe two categories of archaeological features, large corrals and clustered structures, and document a concentration of settlement features within lomas landscapes that suggests a pre-Hispanic preference for both short- and long-term occupation of these verdant oases.
Getting closer to the Late Bronze Age collapse in the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean, c. 1200 BC
Authors: Middleton Guy D.
Published: December 2023

‘The collapse c. 1200 BC’ in the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean—which saw the end of the Mycenaean kingdoms, the Hittite state and its empire and the kingdom of Ugarit—has intrigued archaeologists for decades. As Jesse Millek points out in Destruction and its impact, the idea of a swathe of near-synchronous destructions across the eastern Mediterranean is central to the narrative of the Late Bronze Age collapse: “destruction stands as the physical manifestation of the end of the Bronze Age” (p.6). Yet whether there was a single collapse marked by a widespread destruction horizon is up for debate. The two books reviewed here successfully reassess the simplistic and catastrophist characterisation of the end of the Late Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean and help provide a more nuanced picture.
recherche-intervention comme catalyseur de compétences collaboratives : un changement organisationnel qui influence la gestion des grands projets d’infrastructures publiques
Authors: Coulombe Caroline , Leroux Marie-Pierre , Paquin Guy , Harvey Jonathan , Monette Julie
Published: December 2023

Cet article expose une méthodologie de recherche-intervention qui a contribué à un important changement organisationnel au sein d’une organisation majeure opérant dans le domaine de la construction d’infrastructures publiques au Québec. L’intervention visait à développer puis à intégrer un modèle novateur en matière de collaboration dans un mode de réalisation des grands projets d’infrastructures. La démarche collaborative qui est au coeur du changement organisationnel analysé dans cet article propose une série d’étapes lesquelles visent à ultimement sélectionner un soumissionnaire, représenté par un entrepreneur général de construction et ses partenaires, qui démontre une disposition à adopter des pratiques de collaboration dans ses activités commerciales. Ayant eu recours à une étude longitudinale d’une durée d’un an, les données recueillies montrent sans équivoque le processus d’institutionnalisation des compétences collaboratives, tant à l’interne qu’auprès des partenaires d’affaires de la Société québécoise des infrastructures. Cette recherche apporte un nouvel éclairage pour mieux appréhender les différentes facettes des processus de transformation organisationnelle à partir d’une méthodologie intégrée, lesquelles soutiennent des changements organisationnels durables.
Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Tolerance Are Driven by HCN Ion Channels
Authors: Han Xue , Pinto Larissa Garcia , Vilar Bruno , McNaughton Peter A.
Published: December 2023

Prolonged exposure to opioids causes an enhanced sensitivity to painful stimuli (opioid-induced hyperalgesia, OIH) and a need for increased opioid doses to maintain analgesia (opioid-induced tolerance, OIT), but the mechanisms underlying both processes remain obscure. We found that pharmacological block or genetic deletion of HCN2 ion channels in primary nociceptive neurons of male mice completely abolished OIH but had no effect on OIT. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of central HCN channels alleviated OIT but had no effect on OIH. Expression of C-FOS, a marker of neuronal activity, was increased in second-order neurons of the dorsal spinal cord by induction of OIH, and the increase was prevented by peripheral block or genetic deletion of HCN2, but block of OIT by spinal block of HCN channels had no impact on C-FOS expression in dorsal horn neurons. Collectively, these observations show that OIH is driven by HCN2 ion channels in peripheral nociceptors, while OIT is driven by a member of the HCN family located in the CNS. Induction of OIH increased cAMP in nociceptive neurons, and a consequent shift in the activation curve of HCN2 caused an increase in nociceptor firing. The shift in HCN2 was caused by expression of a constitutively active μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and was reversed by MOR antagonists. We identified the opioid-induced MOR as a six-transmembrane splice variant, and we show that it increases cAMP by coupling constitutively to Gs. HCN2 ion channels therefore drive OIH, and likely OIT, and may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of addiction.
Prenatal cortisol exposure impairs adrenal function but not glucose metabolism in adult sheep
Authors: Davies K L , Miles J , Camm E J , Smith D J , Barker P , Taylor K , Forhead A J , Fowden A L
Published: December 2023

Adverse environmental conditions before birth are known to programme adult metabolic and endocrine phenotypes in several species. However, whether increments in fetal cortisol concentrations of the magnitude commonly seen in these conditions can cause developmental programming remains unknown. Thus, this study investigated the outcome of physiological increases in fetal cortisol concentrations on glucose–insulin dynamics and pituitary–adrenal function in adult sheep. Compared with saline treatment, intravenous fetal cortisol infusion for 5 days in late gestation did not affect birthweight but increased lamb body weight at 1–2 weeks after birth. Adult glucose dynamics, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were unaffected by prenatal cortisol overexposure, assessed by glucose tolerance tests, hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamps and acute insulin administration. In contrast, prenatal cortisol infusion induced adrenal hypo-responsiveness in adulthood with significantly reduced cortisol responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration relative to saline treatment. The area of adrenal cortex expressed as a percentage of the total cross-sectional area of the adult adrenal gland was also lower after prenatal cortisol than saline infusion. In adulthood, basal circulating ACTH but not cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in the cortisol than saline-treated group. The results show that cortisol overexposure before birth programmes pituitary–adrenal development with consequences for adult stress responses. Physiological variations in cortisol concentrations before birth may, therefore, have an important role in determining adult phenotypical diversity and adaptability to environmental challenges.
Pamukkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Lisans Eğitimi ve Uzmanlığına İlişkin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AKGÜL Nilgün , ÖZPALA Gizem , YAZKAN Başak , YENİDÜNYA Özge Gizem
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ndeki öğrencilerin Restoratif Diş Tedavisi lisans eğitimine ilişkin düşüncelerinin ve Restoratif Diş Tedavisi uzmanlığına bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde yürütülen çalışmada 4. ve 5. Sınıfta eğitim görmekte olan 144 öğrenciye, Restoratif Diş Tedavisi lisans eğitimi ve uzmanlığı ile ilgili 19 sorudan oluşan bir anket uygulandı. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 yazılımı aracılığıyla istatistiksel anlamlılık seviyesi p
Digitaler Euro, E-Geld(-Token) und tokenisierte Sichteinlagen: digitale Geldformen im Vergleich
Authors: Omlor Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Mit dem Inkrafttreten der Verordnung über Märkte für Kryptowerte (MiCAR) und der Vorlage des Verordnungsentwurfs zur Einführung eines digitalen Euro (dEuroVO-E) im Juni 2023 hat der europäische Zahlungsverkehr bedeutende Impulse bekommen. Zudem liegt aus der Deutschen Kreditwirtschaft seit März 2023 das konkurrierende Konzept tokenisierter Sichteinlagen vor. Der Beitrag untersucht und vergleicht diese neuen Geldformen einschließlich ihrer Rechtsrahmen.
Zur Auswirkung eines Stakings auf die Rechtsposition der Kunden im Falle der Insolvenz des Kryptoverwahrers
Authors: Skauradszun Dominik , Kümpel Jeremias , Schweizer Selina , Gramlich Vincent
Published: December 2023

Für die Vertrauenswürdigkeit von Finanzdienstleistungsinstituten, die das Kryptoverwahrgeschäft nach § 1 Abs. 1a Satz 2 Nr. 6 KWG betreiben, ist es essenziell, dass die Kunden ihre verwahrten Kryptowerte in der Insolvenz des Instituts aussondern können. Wäre dies nicht der Fall und würde den Kunden im Fall der Insolvenz des Instituts womöglich ein Totalverlust drohen, würde dies die Attraktivität des Geschäftsmodells der Kryptoverwahrer erheblich beeinträchtigen und voraussichtlich Kunden dazu bewegen, die Verwahrung der eigenen Kryptowerte bzw. kryptographischen Schlüssel ohne Rückgriff auf ein solches Institut selbst zu übernehmen. Demgegenüber löst die Aussicht auf eine Rendite durch das sog. Staking für die Kunden einen Reiz aus. Im Rahmen des Stakings werden die Kryptowerte durch den Inhaber selbst oder seinen Kryptoverwahrer für den Proof-of-Stake-Konsensmechanismus einer Blockchain hinterlegt, wodurch sich fortlaufend weitere Kryptowerte verdienen lassen (sog. Rewards). Von einem einzelnen Kunden lässt sich dies in aller Regel nicht effizient durchführen, sodass diese Aussicht auf ein passives Einkommen für eine Verwahrung durch entsprechende Institute spricht. Es könnte insofern ein Zielkonflikt zwischen Insolvenzschutz und Renditechancen bestehen, d. h. die Aussichten auf eine Rendite könnten sich negativ auf den Schutz der Kunden in der Insolvenz des Kryptoverwahrers auswirken. Der Beitrag untersucht daher, ob und wann ein solcher Einsatz von sammelverwahrten Kryptowerten für den Proof-of-Stake-Konsensmechanismus (Staking) Aussonderungsrechte kraft fremdnütziger Treuhand oder kraft unwiderleglicher Vermutung nach § 46i KWG n. F. tangiert. Die Autoren schlagen eine aus dem BGB abgeleitete „Früchtelösung“ vor, mit der das Staking bei vollem Schutz der Kunden in der Insolvenz des Kryptoverwahrers ermöglicht wird.
The Concept of the Lithuanian-Latvian Border Region
Authors: Noreikaitė Auksė
Published: December 2023

The object of the article is the border territory on the side of the Republic of Lithuania, called Palatvijys, and its concept. The aim is to find out what criteria can be used to distinguish this Lithuanian-Latvian border region and reveal the most significant features. Information found in dictionaries, the press, legal documents, various scientific literature, as well as empirical material collected by the author in several stages (in 2008-2019) were used to reveal the topic. The methods applied in this research were qualitative content analysis, case analysis, interpretive methods, and quantitative analysis. The theoretical approaches of geographers, anthropologists, and sociologists talking about the construction of regions and identity were relevant for the analysis of the topic.

The Lithuanian-Latvian border is undoubtedly a unique territory, where the cultural environment of the border and the “sense of place” of the inhabitants have been formed for many centuries. We can accurately define only the length of the Lithuanian-Latvian border region, which coincides with the state land border – 588.09 km, and its width differs both in the concepts of residents and in the studies of scientists. However, social and humanities sciences allow us to talk about a region that is not defined by physical boundaries and is changing, constructed according to various socio-cultural criteria. For this reason, the boundaries of the Lithuanian-Latvian region are relative, in their concept it is important to take into account the emic approach, i.e. how the local people understand and value the boundaries. This article is the first attempt to present the Lithuanian-Latvian border area or Palatviiys as a region. In further research, it would be appropriate to delve more deeply into the cultural features of this region, which were formed by the interaction of Lithuanians, Latvians, and Germans, as well as to analyse social relations – communication between Lithuanians and Latvians, movement on both sides of the border, and the expression of regional identity, especially semi-Latvian (skerslatviai) identity.
Education on Rural Construction Issues in Lithuania, 1918–1940
Authors: Pilkauskienė Vigilija
Published: December 2023

In this article the education of farmers and craftsmen about the construction of modern farmsteads during interwar period is assessed. Information on the subject was collected from interwar press and archival documents. The main features of modern interwar farmsteads are rational structuring, compliance with hygiene requirements, comfortability and aestheticism. These ideas were propagated by state institutions, although up to the 3rd decade it was not fully established. When the administration of rural construction matters was commissioned to the Žemės ūkio rūmai, the most important works in this direction were carried out. The Construction Department was established in 1929, and the construction technicians who worked there were the key players in the promotion of the conceptual framework. Therefore, their proper training and the provision of the necessary number of specialists was an essential prerequisite for the purposeful education of farmers and building tradesmen.

Organising education for farmers one of the main goals was to achieve the largest possible number of persons and thus promote the importance of the implementation of the ideas of modernization of rural construction. Therefore, for this, the periodical press, educational publications, short-term courses and lectures on the issues of improving rural construction and the management of homesteads, as well as exhibitions where construction technologies were demonstrated and specialist advice was provided, were actively used for this. Given the gradual increase in farmers’ interest in the ideas promoted, as well as their active participation in the educational programmes, there is no doubt that the measures chosen were quite successful.

Rural craftsmen also played an equally important role in the modernisation campaign. Therefore, since the end of the 1930s, short courses have been organised annually to raise their qualifications. The scope of these works was rising, although it affected only part of craftsmen and did not solve the lack of qualified specialists. In the 4th decade, the new laws and rules of rural building regulation were implemented. Also, the necessity for higher number of qualified construction craftsmen that would be able to implement modern building principles was realized. This resulted in first specialized craft schools for carpenters, masons and furnace workers. It was thought that these schools together with earlier courses had to form construction craftsmen education system. Although work in this direction was halted shortly afterwards, the establishment of the specialised schools was an indication of the prioritisation of construction issues and thus of the implementation of modernisation principles.
Study on the controllability of Hilfer fractional differential system with and without impulsive conditions via infinite delay
Authors: Varun Bose Chandrabose Sindhu , Muthukumaran Venkatesan , Al-Omari Shrideh , Ahmad Hijaz , Udhayakumar Ramalingam
Published: December 2023

In this manuscript, we investigate the controllability of two different kinds of Hilfer fractional differential equations with an almost sectorial operator and infinite delay. First, we demonstrate the exact controllability of the Hilfer fractional system using the measure of noncompactness. Next, we develop the results for the controllability of the system under impulsive conditions. Finally, to show how the key findings may be utilised, applications are presented.
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION OF K5 PLASMINOGEN FRAGMENT
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kapustianenko L.G.
Published: December 2023

Aim. Plasminogen kringle 5 is an endogenous angiogenic inhibitor. The purpose of the present review was to highlight the potential biomedical application of kringle 5 in the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Methods. Angiogenesis is a complex process that involves endothelial cell proliferation, migration, basement membrane degradation, and neovessel organization. Since the uncontrolled growth of new blood vessels causes the progression of many common diseases, first of all, oncological diseases, autoimmune disorders, neovascular damage of the eye, the use of angiostatins can be a promising pharmacotherapeutic approach to the prevention and adjuvant therapy of these pathological conditions. The advantages of angiostatins application are their non-toxicity even at high doses, non-immunogenicity, lack of tolerance of target cells to their action. Angiostatins comprise a group of kringle-containing proteolytically-derived fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, which act as potent inhibitory mediators of endothelial proliferation and migration. Among all known angiostatin species, isolated K5 plasminogen fragment was shown to display the most potent inhibitory activity against proliferation of endothelial cells via triggering multiple signaling pathways, which lead to cell death and resulting angiogenesis suppression. Results. Current literature data suggest that in addition to expressed and highly specific cytotoxicity in relation to endotheliocytes and some types of tumor cells, the kringle domain 5 of human plasminogen has other advantages as an antiangiogenic and antitumor regulator, including its specific inhibitory activity, which affects only activated, proliferating endothelial cells, and therefore is non-toxic to other types of normal cells. As an endogenous protein, which is formed in the human organism, K5 does not provoke an immune response. K5 as a small polypeptide molecule with a stable structure can be obtained as a recombinant protein in E. coli cells, and can also be used in pharmacokinetic systems of targeted delivery and sustained release. Conclusions. The prospect of successful use of K5 as a therapeutic agent to manage pathological processes associated with dysregulation of angiogenesis makes it necessary to develop and improve methods of its production and to further test its plausible pleiotropic biological activities.
Modeling Domain Openness in Speech Information Technologies
Authors:   International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Sazhok M.M. , Robeiko V.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Ukraine, Smoliakov Ye. ,   International Research and Training Centre for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Zabolotko T. ,   International Research and Training Centre for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Seliukh R.A. ,   International Research and Training Centre for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Fedoryn D.Ya. ,   International Research and Training Centre for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Yukhymenko O.A. ,   International Research and Training Centre for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The paper addresses the problem of the need to use automatic speech signal transcription systems for various subject areas, including a variety of acoustic conditions, individual characteristics and content contexts, and taking into account elements of multilingualism. The described approaches to modeling wide classes of noise and interference and removing restrictions from vocabulary made it possible to increase the performance of the developed speech information technologies and systems to the openness of the subject area.
Neurosymbolic Approach in Biological Research
Authors:   V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of the NAS of Ukraine, Tarasich Yu.H. , Soloshenko H.O. ,   Kherson State University
Published: December 2023

Modelling and studying the processes and methods of intercellular and intracellular signalling cascades regulation involved in the process of programmed cell death and searching for substances capable of influencing the activation or inhibition of the process of cell apoptosis and the methods of their transportation to a given cell, is one of the numerous actual and open issues in biological research. A safe and fast method for this that does not require research on living organisms is computer molecular modelling. Many approaches and tools have been proposed and developed in the last decade. In particular, today, we observe a wide use of analytical methods for drug creation and a search for effective treatment methods. Such methods include modern methods of artificial intelligence (AI) based on neural network technology and methods of modelling interactions in biological and chemical processes at different levels of abstraction. Neural networks are used to obtain the ligand representation, protein compounds, and others and to build predictive models of the molecular compound properties widely used in drug discovery research. Modelling methods for both continuous and discrete models are applied using various approaches: statistical, probabilistic, simulation, and visual. The most well-known and used molecular modelling methods include the docking method, the molecular dynamics method, and the Monte Carlo method. To date, many software tools that support these methods have been developed. However, the considered modelling approaches and tools have a number of disadvantages, which can be of critical importance for conducting experiments. This article presents a new approach to modelling biochemical processes and biological systems based on the formalism of the behaviour algebra and algebraic modelling language APLAN and its combination with neural network methods, the so-called Neurosymbolic approach. In particular, the possibility of multilevel modelling (from the level of the atomic structure of substances and quantum–mechanical interactions to the level of interaction of biological objects) and modelling of biological systems as complex hybrid systems that combine discrete and continuous processes is considered. A brief review of the current research on using neural network methods in biological research was also presented.
Information-Structural Model of Formation of Stress-induced Somatic Disorders Considering Constitutional Types
Authors:   International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Kobzar T.A. , Kryachok T.V. ,   International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine, Semikhova O. ,   International Research and Training Center for Information Technologies and Systems of the NAS and MES of Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Stress is a key factor that triggers a cascade of reactions in all parts of the body’s regulatory system, which ensures its adaptation to stress. The article provides mechanisms for the formation of functional and organic disorders of organs and systems, depending on the characteristics of different types of human constitution. Knowledge of these mechanisms is important for personalized management of conditions where stress is a provoking factor.
MINERALOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HURIVKA COMPLEX P-U-TR ORE OCCURRENCE, INHUL MEGABLOCK, UKRAINIAN SHIELD
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of  Ukraine, Sukach V. V. , Іsakov L. V. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of  Ukraine, Khomych Y. E. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Sciences of  Ukraine
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of the study of the Hurivka apatite-uranium-rare earth ore occurrence, which is confined to the contact of the southern part of the Hurivka granitoid massif with metasedimentary rocks of the Inhul-Inhulets series. Argillizites, which host the productive mineralization, are represented by two zones: the lower montmorillonite-chlorite zone and the upper kaolinite-chlorite zone with hydromica. The concentrator minerals of rare earths (∑TR=0.05-0.5 %) in the bedrock are xenotime and monazite, while only xenotime was detected in argillizites. At the same time, minor impurities of yttrium and lanthanides were detected in apatite, chlorite and clay minerals. Xenotime and monazite also contain insignificant concentrations of uranium. The maximum uranium content in xenotime is 4.94% UO2, and in argillizites it can reach 0.86%. No native uranium minerals were detected in the studied ore. It is assumed that the most common form of its occurrence in argillizites is adhesion to the surface of clay and mica minerals due to sorption and adsorption processes. Anomalous high phosphorus content within the ore occurrence is associated with apatite mineralization. In bedrock, apatite is confined to skarns. In argillizites, its concentration in some intervals reaches 5%. The complex apatite-uranium-rare earth mineralization of the Hurivka ore deposit was formed in the course of complex long-term processes, which was expressed in the hydrothermal-metasomatic transformation of high carbonated rocks in contact with the granitoid massif and their subsequent argillization by low-temperature hydrotherms of endogenous and exogenous origin.
Chirality Production during Axion Inflation
Authors: Gorbar E.V. , Momot A.I. , Rudenok I.V. , Sobol O.O. , Vilchinskii S.I. , Oleinikova I.V.
Published: December 2023

We study the generation of a chiral charge during the axion inflation, where the pseudoscalar inflaton field φ couples axially to the electromagnetic field via the term (β/Mp)φ E · B with the dimensionless coupling constant β. To describe the evolution of the electromagnetic field and to determine ⟨E·B⟩ sourcing the chiral asymmetry during the inflation due to the chiral anomaly, we employ the gradient-expansion formalism. It operates with a set of vacuum expectation values of the bilinear electromagnetic functions and allows us to consider the backreaction of generated fields on the inflaton evolution, as well as the Schwinger production of charged fermions. In addition, we assume that the produced fermions thermalize and include the chiral magnetic effect contribution to the electric current given by jCME = e2/(2π2)μ5B, where μ5 is the chiral chemical potential which quantifies the produced chiral asymmetry. Solving a set of equations for the inflaton field, scale factor, quadratic functions of the electromagnetic field, and the chiral charge density (chiral chemical potential), we find that the chirality production is quite efficient leading to the generation of a large chiral chemical potential at the end of the axion inflation.
Anisotropic Darcy–Brinkman Magnetic Fluid Convection under the Influence of a Time-Dependent Sinusoidal Magnetic Field
Authors: Balaji C. , Maruthamanikandan S. , Rudresha C. , Vidya Shree V.
Published: December 2023

The impact of the sinusoidal mode of a magnetic field involving time fluctuations on the threshold of the ferromagnetic smart liquid convection in a saturated permeable medium is investigated using the regular perturbation technique. The Darcy–Brinkman model with anisotropic permeability is used to describe the flow through porous media. The thermal anisotropy is implemented in the energy equation. The problem might be useful in thermal engineering applications such as dynamic loudspeakers and computer hard discs and in medical applications like the treatment of tumor cells and the cell separation, to name a few. The regular perturbation technique is based on the minimum amplitude of a magnetic field modulation, and the onset criterion is dealt with in terms of a correction in the critical Rayleigh number and wavenumber. The thermal Rayleigh number correction depends on the magnetic field modulation frequency, magnetic force, anisotropies, porosity, and Prandtl number. At moderate values of the magnetic field modulation frequency, the impact of various physical factors is perceived to be noteworthy. The influences of the magnetic mechanism, Prandtl number, porosity parameter, and Brinkman number are shown to augment the destabilizing effect of the magnetic field modulation for moderate values of the frequency of a modulation. However, the destabilizing effect of the magnetic field modulation is diminished due to an increase in the values of the mechanical anisotropy parameter and thermal anisotropy parameter. The study reveals that the effect of the magnetic field modulation could be exploited to control the convective instability in an anisotropic porous medium saturated by a ferromagnetic fluid.