bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pattern and Trends of Burn Related Death
Authors: . Faizunnahar , M Haque , MK Iqbal
Published: June 2024

Background: Since ancient times fire has kept amusing mankind in various ways. Though it hashelped human to evolve but if mishandled can lead to serious consequences. We know that fire canbe a friendly, comforting thing, a sources of light and heat, yet fire can also be most dangerous anddeadly. Burn is the one of the commonest cause of unnatural death in the world.Objectives: To find out the causes, epidemiological factors and pattern and trends of burn relateddeath.Methods: The present study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, for a period of1 year from January 2022 to December 2022. A total number of 1792 autopsy was done among ofwhich 418 cases were burn. Convenience sampling technique was followed and sample size was418 cases of burn among 1792 cases .Data were collected from police inquest, department RegisterKhata from the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at Dhaka Medical college..Datawere analyzed, tabulated and presented by using SPSS version 16.0.Results: During the study maximum death due to burns were found in labourers 233(55.74%).Maximum death due to burn were found in illiterate 158(37.79%). Maximum cause of death due toburns were found in low socioeconomic status 213(50.95%) and the maximum death due to burnwere found in the age group 21-40 years 234 (55.98%). Maximum cases of death due burns werefound in male which contributed to 293(70.09%) of the total death. The most common source offire in death due to burn was cylinder gas explosion 208(49.76%). Maximum cases of death due toburn occurred in workplace 184(44.01%). As a result of burn, shock was the predominant cause ofdeath 287(68.66%). Accidental 316(75.59%) burn was the most common manner of death due toburn.Conclusion: The most accidental burn cases were preventable. By giving proper education andawareness about the causes of burn, burn injury and post burn complications. So we should takeproper preventive methods that may reduce mortality and morbidity rate due to burn.
A mérleg serpenyői: szent vagy ötvös?
Authors: Kolma Eszter
Published: June 2024

Petrus Christus kevés szignált és datált táblái közül az egyik, az 1449-ben készült Ötvös műhelyében (1. kép), amelyet sokáig Szent Eligiusz néven ismert a tudomány. Miután 1993-ban a főalak feje körül lévő dicsfényt eltávolították, több hipotézis is született, mely szerint nem az ötvösök védőszentjét, Szent Eligiuszt ábrázolja a tábla. Egyes vélemények szerint reklámtáblaként használta a képet a bruges-i ötvöscéh (Wolff, 1998, 71), mások szerint a táblát egy ötvös rendelhette meg, aki főszereplője is a képnek (Velden, 1998, 253), míg Schabacker (1972, 104) és Ainsworth (1998, 96) szerint a tábla hivatás-portré, úgy, mint Rogier van der Weyden Szent Lukács Madonnát rajzolja-táblája. Tanulmányomban arra keresem a választ, hogy ki lehet a főalak a képen; egy XV. századi bruges-i ötvös vagy Szent Eligiusz, mi lehet a tábla eredeti funkciója, hol állhatott eredetileg és kik lehettek a megrendelők.
PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR ATAS 4 LANTAI PEMBANGUNAN KAMPUS STIBI TAHAP II PATI – JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Willi H Satia , Kholifian Eri , Chasanah Ummi , Soehartono Soehartono
Published: June 2024

Sekolah Tinggi merupakan tempat pendidikan tinggi setelah masa sekolah menengah atas telah diselesaikan. STIBI (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Budaya Islam) adalah sebuah Perguruan Tinggi Swasta yang berada di Kabupaten Pati. Perencanaan pelat lantai dengan tebal plat 12 cm. Perencanaan portal dengan dimensi kolom K1 (50 x 50 cm) dan K2 (40 x 40 cm) dengan masing-masing tulangan 12 D 19 dan Æ 10 – 100 mm serta balok dengan dimensi BS (30 x 40 cm), B1 (30 x 50 cm), B2 (25 x 40 cm) dan B3 (20 x 35 cm) mengacu pada Persyaratan Beton Struktural untuk Bangunan Gedung SNI 2847:2019, Tata Cara Perencanaan Strukur Baja Untuk Bangunan Gedung SNI 1729-2019, Peraturan Perencanaan Pembebanan untuk Rumah dan Gedung 1987. Perencanaan Struktur STIBI (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Budaya Islam) ini meliputi perencanaan struktur atas dan struktur bawah. Dalam perencanaan struktur dimodelkan melalui SAP 2000v14. Struktur atas yang dimaksud meliputi perencanaan atap, pelat, balok, kolom sedangkan untuk struktur bawah meliputi perencanaan pondasi tiang pancang. Pembebanan yang di input seperti beban mati, beban hidup, beban angin dan beban gempa.
DESAIN ALTERNATIF STRUKTUR ATAS GEDUNG DORMITORY PUTRA UIN MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM 4 (EMPAT) LANTAI KAMPUS 3 - TAHAP II MALANG - JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Restia F Helmy , Majid Syamsul , Chasanah Ummi , Soehartono Soehartono
Published: June 2024

Rusunawa Mahasiswa ini merupakan proyek hunian sewa untuk mahasiswa di dekat kampus mereka (UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang) di Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Melalui proyek ini, para mahasiswa dari luar kota yang berkuliah di universitas ini dapat memperoleh tempat tinggal sementara yang nyaman di dekat kampus sehingga aktivitas mereka bisa lebih kondusif dan lebih menyatu dengan lingkungan kampus mereka. Dengan demikian diharapkan proyek ini dapat membantu menekan jumlah hunian horizontal yang sangat banyak menghabiskan lahan di Malang, sekaligus membantu mencukupi kebutuhan hunian sewa untuk mahasiswa di Malang karena perkembangan kotanya sangat dipengaruhi oleh pesatnya pertambahan jumlah mahasiswa luar kota. Permasalahan dalam proyek ini adalah bagaimana mendesain suatu bangunan hunian sewa sederhana yang masih tetap memiliki kualitas yang lebih dibandingkan rusunawa pada umumnya. Penyelesaiannya dengan memberikan strategi desain yang nyaman bagi penghuninya serta memberikan visual bangunan yang tidak mengurangi wibawa dan keindahan UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Salah satunya adalah membuat desain rusunawa bersegmen dan melingkar sehingga luas lorong bisa lebih kecil tetapi luas kamar lebih besar.
Understanding Conflict over Regulation of Platform Work: a Critical Literature Review on the Role of Institutions, Networks and Frames in Policy-Making
Authors: Martin-Caballero Angel
Published: June 2024

The expansion of platform work has disrupted and reordered employment regulation. The literature has contributed to this subject from different angles, although often in a fragmented way and without clearly explaining why and how regulatory conflict arises over platform work. Using Beckert's (2010) framework for study of how fields change, the author conducted a critical literature review on: 1) the roles of institutions, networks and frames in regulating platform work; 2) the regulatory power these structures provide to actors and organizations; and 3) the possible interrelationships between these structures. The results show the existence of a substantial literature on the scope of institutional regulation and the regulatory power of networks, but much less on the broader role of the state in this field, and the framing processes that guide the actors’ preferences for regulation. Future lines of research are discussed.

Summary

In this article, a critical review of the literature identifies which state and non-state actors and organizations influence and shape regulatory conflict over platform work, and which resources enable them to intervene.

These questions are addressed by examining the different forms of embeddedness that interact and shape the regulatory process. Drawing on the framework that Beckert (2010) proposed to explain changes in market fields, this literature review identifies three dimensions of research that emphasize the roles of institutions, social networks and cognitive frames, respectively. It also discusses to what extent the literature on platform work has developed an integrated perspective on regulation and how the field of industrial relations can benefit from the incorporation of different dimensions of research.

The literature search was conducted using the main available databases and grouped into the three main dimensions of the framework. Influential policy reports and grey literature in the field of study were also included. In total, 149 documents were reviewed in depth.

The literature has primarily focused on discussing the scope and applicability of existing labour regulatory frameworks and the increasingly important role of strategic litigation. There has also been a remarkable research strand on the regulatory power of platform firms and on new forms of governance. There has been much less critical research on the state's role in the expansion of the platform economy and on how different actors legitimize the regulatory process.

This paper applies a three-dimensional framework to the literature to facilitate dialogue on three social structures that influence platform work regulation, the aim being to explain the emergence of regulatory conflict in this area. The framework captures both formal and informal forms of regulation, making it useful for the industrial relations literature as well.
Optical-hidden-visual-cryptography-based spoofing tracking system
Authors: Wu Cheng-Zhe , Liu Rui-Ze , Shi Yi-Shi ,   School of Mathematics and Physics Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China,   School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
Published: June 2024

A deception tracking system based on optical hidden visual code is proposed. The system uses visual cryptography to decompose the secret image into a number of realistic masked images, which can be used to conceal the secret information. One of the masked images is embedded with a fragile watermark to ensure that it is not modified. This image serves as an inspection key to verify the other images, and the inspection key is transmitted separately. The rest of the camouflaged image is hidden in the phase key using the phase recovery algorithm, which ensures good invisibility during transmission. If the pixel arrangement of the masked image is tampered with by a dishonest participant, it is called a fraudulent image. Each phase key is distributed to different participants to ensure that the corresponding deceiver can be identified when the spoofing image is traced. In the extraction process, only the diffraction transformation of the phase key is needed to obtain the mask image. During the inspection, the inspection key is incoherently superimposed with any masked image, and the appearance of the verification image indicates whether the masked image has been tampered with, thereby achieving the purpose of deception tracking. The secret image can be obtained by incoherently superimposing the masking images, provided that the number of superimposed masking images is is greater than or equal to the threshold k, along with the inspection key. When the inspection key is superimposed with any masked image, if there is a spoofed image, no verification image will appear, and as a result, the secret image will not be restored. If there is no spoofed image, the verification image will appear, indicating that the secret image can be restored by covering all the images. The system can be used to track internal fraudsters when actual information is transmitted through invisible visual cryptography.
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics under adiabatic representation
Authors: Sun Zhen , Lü Xiang , Li Sheng , An Zhong ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China,   Zhejiang Institute of Photoelectronics, Jinhua 321004, China,   College of Physics, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we develop a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method based on Su-Schriffer-Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonian, and this method is widely used to study the photoexcitation dynamics and polaron motion in conjugated polymers. However, in this method, the time-dependent Schrödinger equation has so far been solved in a diabatic representation, also known as site representation. In order to provide a deeper insight into the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in an adiabatic representation. The new method can directly provide the important information about the strength of nonadiabatic couplings between different molecular orbitals in the excited-state relaxation process, helping us to predict the electron and energy transfer within or between polymer chains.

Solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in an adiabatic representation is much more complicated, it is mainly because we need to calculate the nonadiabatic couplings between different molecular orbitals. In this paper, the detailed formula derivation and actual calculation process of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics method in an adiabatic representation are given. Using this new method, we simulate three photoexcitation processes in a conjugated polymer chain, HOMO→LUMO, HOMO–1→LUMO+1 and HOMO–2→LUMO+2. We analyze in detail the time evolutions of lattice configuration for these three photoexcitation processes, and compare these results with those obtained by diabatic representation (site representation) showing that the results obtained from these two representations are consistent with each other.
Archipiélago arqueológico. Espacios de cuidado y disfrute en las huacas de Lima
Authors:   , Morales Sosa Gianfranco
Published: June 2024

Hace 150 años, Lima derribó sus murallas coloniales y salió a encontrarse con su pasado. Afuera, un archipiélago de edificios precolombinos, conocidos como huacas, aguardaba el encuentro flotando sobre un mar de campos cultivados. En ese proceso de modernización, muchas huacas fueron cercadas hasta sus límites, otras perdieron gran parte de su edificación y muchas desaparecieron por completo. Hoy, los más de 360 sitios prehispánicos que sobrevivieron conviven en una situación conflictiva con la ciudad: detrás de muros, rejas y, en algunos casos, totalmente desprotegidos. Ante ese escenario, este proyecto propone repensar las fronteras de las huacas a través de la reconfiguración del espacio que hay entre el límite arqueológico y el trazado urbano formal de la ciudad. Este espacio intermediario entre lo antiguo y lo contemporáneo, será tratado como un gran espacio público arqueológico. Contará tanto con espacios para el disfrute de los visitantes como con ambientes adecuados para el trabajo de los arqueólogos. La propuesta es planteada en una huaca específica: Garagay, y busca que esta pueda integrarse adecuadamente a su contexto urbano inmediato y a otras huacas cercanas a través de recorridos estratégicos.
Evaluación de la efectividad del uso de video simulación asociado a feedback para el aprendizaje en comunicación de malas noticias en salud, en un curso piloto online asincrónico
Authors:   , Putz De la Fuente Francisca Carolina
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCCIÓN: la Comunicación de Malas Noticias (CMN) es una habilidad que debe ser desarrollada por los profesionales de la salud debido a las demandas actuales de la atención, especialmente en aquellas áreas de mayor complejidad como las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Si bien, la formación en este tema ha ido en aumento, sigue siendo mayoritariamente informal, por lo que las instituciones de salud han tenido que hacerse cargo mediante cursos externos o internos que se adapten a las necesidades de sus profesionales, quienes tienden a verse limitados por la falta de tiempo a la hora de realizar capacitaciones. El Hospital Clínico UC CHRISTUS no ha sido ajeno a esta necesidad, diseñando un curso con modalidad online asincrónica orientado a la capacitación en CMN para su personal de las UCI mediante el uso de video simulación asociado a feedback.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad del uso de Video Simulación (VS) asociado a feedback como estrategias de aprendizaje en un curso piloto online asincrónico para profesionales de una UCI.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se diseñó un curso interno para la formación en CMN, el cual se impartió de manera online asincrónica en la plataforma instruccional del Hospital. Para evaluar la efectividad del uso de VS asociado a feedback se aplicó una prueba de conocimientos antes y después de realizar el curso y una pauta de observación que se aplicó en un primer VS donde los estudiantes aplicaron los contenidos simulando la entrega de malas noticias, recibiendo feedback sobre su desempeño. Luego, se aplicó la misma pauta en un segundo VS donde los estudiantes incorporaron las sugerencias del docente. De manera complementaria se evaluó la autopercepción de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y la satisfacción para evaluar el curso.RESULTADOS: al comparar las notas de la prueba de conocimiento aplicada antes y después de visualizar el contenido del curso y las notas de la pauta de observación aplicada en el primer y segundo VS, se observa una mejora estadísticamente significativa en cuanto la adquisición de conocimiento y mejora del rendimiento de los estudiantes en CMN. CONCLUSIÓN: la video simulación más feedback son estrategias de aprendizaje efectivas para la formación en CMN en un curso online asincrónico.
Development of the ITSJava Application as a Computer-assisted Learning Media in Object-Oriented Programming Courses
Authors: Rohandi Manda , Yahya Muhammad , Mappalotteng Abd. Muis
Published: June 2024

This research aims to develop ITSJava application as an interactive learning media for object-oriented programming (OOP) course in information technology education programme at Gorontalo State University. ITSJava was developed using the Personal Xtreme Programming (PXP) development method which consists of six stages: needs identification, planning, initial iteration, design, implementation, and system testing. The results of system testing show that the ITSJava application is suitable for use as a medium for learning OOP. This system can help students learn OOP in an interactive and adaptive way to students' learning styles. Hopefully, this system can be further developed by adding a unit test function to ensure the accuracy of the program code written by students and ensure that the code runs according to the expectations and logic expected by the lecturer.
Seasonal Occurrence of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) in Maize: The Role of Sowing Dates
Authors: Gowda M. A. Prajwal , Sekhar J. C. , Soujanya P. L. , Akhilandeshwari D. , Mallaiah B. , Yatish K R
Published: June 2024

Fall armyworm is a destructive insect pest in maize farming and has expanded widely throughout various agroecological zones, which threatens food security. An experiment was carried out at the Winter Nursery (ICAR-IIMR, Hyderabad) field to study the occurrence of fall armyworm on maize single cross hybrid DHM 117 across different sowing dates during kharif and rabi seasons of 2021-22. Weekly observations were made on a whole-plot basis to record the number of plants damaged, the number of larvae, and egg masses per plant. Among the six sowing dates, the crop sown on 2nd August 2021, had a relatively lower mean percent of infestation range (4.02% - 80.37%), a minimum larval count per plant range (0.01 - 0.24), and the least number of egg masses per plant range (0.00 - 0.11). The findings will be helpful in the construction of forecasting models, facilitating the formulation of eco-friendly management tactics to manage fall armyworms in maize.
Study on Genetic Variability and Heritability in F3 Population of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for Yield and its Components
Authors: Reddy Noru Raja Sekhar , Thomas Beena , G Gayathri , G Seeja , Beena R
Published: June 2024

Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt), is significant among legume vegetable crops. Global warming and climate change can significantly impact its cultivation, yield, and production. This study examined the F3 population of five yardlong bean families: F3-1, F3-2, F3-3, F3-4, and F3-5. The findings revealed that all five families exhibited high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for yield per plant, indicating substantial variability for these traits in their progenies. For all the characters under consideration, the genotypic variation coefficient was lower than the phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability, along with high genetic advance per mean (GAM), was observed in pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, and vine length. This indicates significant potential for selecting these traits within these specific populations due to the wide range of variation and the influence of additive gene action. The study will help in selecting traits for further crop improvement programs.
Rapid assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes using an automatic spray system
Authors: Tang Haiqi , Zhang Guojun , Ji Shulan
Published: April 2012

The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers on to a porous supporting membrane is able to create various new composite membranes. However, the low efficiency and long time required for such procedures limit practical applications. In this study, an automatic spray system has been constructed for the rapid assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayers on to nanoporous supporting membranes. The compounds polyacrylic acid and poly(ethyleneimine), used as a model polyelectrolyte pair, were alternately sprayed on to a polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membrane. Experiments proved that the composite membrane obtained in this way had a good pervaporation dehydration performance. In addition, the process times were dramatically decreased, by as much as 80 folds, when compared with classical dip‐LbL methods. Such an automated system can easily be converted to the assembly of various organic species. Therefore, it is a versatile and highly efficient system for manufacturing composite multilayer membranes for many separation applications. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 250–257, 2013
Exploring the No‐Man’s Land between Molecular Nanomagnets and Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Gatteschi Dante , Fittipaldi Maria , Sangregorio Claudio , Sorace Lorenzo
Published: April 2012

The comparison of the structural and magnetic properties of molecular nanomagnets (MNM) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) can be instructive to get a deeper understanding of the magnetic behavior on the intermediate scale between molecular and bulk objects. In this respect iron oxo based clusters are particularly interesting, since they provide an increasing number of molecular systems with sizes close to that of iron oxide MNP. In this Minireview we report a survey of literature data aimed at improving our understanding of the emergence of MNP properties from MNM ones.
Dynamische Einwirkungen auf absturzsichernde Bauteile im Hochbau
Authors: Eierle Benno , Rimböck Robert
Published: April 2012

In diesem Aufsatz wird der weiche Stoß für absturzsichernde Bauteile im Hochbau behandelt. Neben der Darstellung der bisherigen und zukünftigen normativen Regelungen werden auch die physikalischen Hintergründe erläutert. Daraus werden Rechenmodelle und statische Ersatzlasten für Grenzfälle abgeleitet, die insbesondere für die rechnerische Bemessung der Unterkonstruktionen eine wichtige Basis darstellen, wenn keine experimentellen Nachweise vorliegen oder möglich sind. Die theoretischen Überlegungen werden mit praktischen Stoßversuchen und transienten FEM‐Simulationen verglichen.

Dynamic loads on barriers.

In this article the soft body impact is described for barriers. It describes the normative rules and the background physics for the actual and the future standards. From this follows the calculation models and structural dummy loads for limit cases, this particularly is an important basis for the calculations of the sub constructions, if no experimental tests are existing or testing is not possible. The theoretical considerations of the soft body impact will be compared with practical testing and results of transient FEM simulations.
Leitlinien für die Erstellung anwendungsfreundlicher Tragwerksnormen
Authors: Ziegler Martin , Sigrist Viktor , Drewsen Georg‐Friedger
Published: April 2012

Die derzeitige Normungssituation sorgt durch den Umfang der Normen, ihre Unübersichtlichkeit und ihre Kompliziertheit für Unmut bei den Anwendern. Auf Initiative des Verbandes der Beratenden Ingenieure (VBI) und der Prüfingenieure (BVPI) wurde in einem Forschungsprojekt im Rahmen der Initiative “Zukunft Bau” des Bundesinstituts für Bau‐, Stadt‐ und Raumforschung ein Leitfaden zur Erstellung anwendungsfreundlicher und praxistauglicher Bemessungsnormen entwickelt, der dazu beitragen soll, bei der bevorstehenden Überarbeitung der Bemessungsnormen auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene die derzeitigen Probleme zu verringern. Der Leitfaden enthält zunächst eine Aufarbeitung der derzeitigen Normungssituation in organisatorischer und rechtlicher Hinsicht. Darauf aufbauend werden allgemeine Anforderungen an anwendungsfreundliche und praxistaugliche Normen formuliert. Es folgen Vorschläge für eine einheitliche Struktur und Gliederung der Bemessungsnormen sowie für eine Vereinfachung der Bemessungsverfahren und Kombinationsregeln. Anschließend wird aufgezeigt, dass effizientes Normenschaffen eine professionelle Organisation erfordert, bei der die Zuarbeit zur Normungsarbeit wie ein Ingenieurvertrag abgearbeitet und vergütet wird. Abschließend werden Hinweise zu Optimierung der Normungsarbeit auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene gegeben.

Guidelines for the development of structural design codes.

Due to the amount and complexity of the documents the situation with structural design codes is rather unsatisfactory for practitioners. On the initiative of the Association of Consulting Engineers (VBI) and the Federal Association of Checking Engineers for Structural Design (BVPI) a project financed by the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) was carried out which resulted in the report “Elaboration of Guidelines for the Development of user‐friendly and practical Design Codes”. This work is aimed at contributing to more consistent codes as well as code working processes for instance in the upcoming revision of the Eurocodes. The guidelines comprise a description of the current situation with respect to technical and organizational aspects. Subsequently, general requirements are revealed and proposals for a uniform structure of the documents and simplifications of the design and combination rules are made. Furthermore, it is illustrated that efficient code working processes are possible only in a more professional environment where code drafting is scheduled and remunerated similarly to an engineering contract. Finally, some advice for optimizing the code working processes in the national and international context is given.
Congenital heart defect case ascertainment by the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System
Authors: Bedard Tanya , Lowry R. Brian , Sibbald Barbara , Harder Joyce R. , Trevenen Cynthia , Horobec Vera , Dyck John D.
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of congenital anomaly, with a wide range of reported birth prevalence estimates. This quality assurance study describes CHD case ascertainment by the Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System (ACASS).

METHODS

ACASS data for CHD cases were compared with additional sources including the two Pediatric Cardiology clinics in Alberta, the Alberta Children's Hospital Department of Pathology, and hospital records. Cases included live births, stillbirths, and fetal deaths at less than 20 weeks' gestation born in Alberta, Canada, between 1995 and 2002. The birth prevalence of cases and chi‐square linear trend analyses were calculated for specific types of heart defects for the total study period.

RESULTS

The ascertainment of CHD cases by ACASS was 45%. The total prevalence of CHD cases was 5.59 per 1000 total births (TBs; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.32–5.86) when ACASS was the only data source and increased to 12.42 per 1000 TBs (95% CI, 12.03–12.83) when all data sources were used. Although the total prevalence of CHD cases remained stable during 1995 to 2002, the prevalence of atrial septal defect (ASD) and cases with an ASD and ventricular septal defect (VSD) significantly increased. The prevalence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction cases significantly decreased during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric cardiology clinics are worth including as additional ascertainment sources to contribute to more accurate prevalence estimates. The significant increases of ASD and cases with both an ASD and VSD may reflect differences in diagnostic and ascertainment practices. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybridanker aus UHPC – Erstanwendung bei der Verstärkung der Rheinschleuse Iffezheim mit Dauerlitzenankern
Authors: Weiher Hermann , Tritschler Christian , Glassl Michael , Hock Sebastian
Published: April 2012

Hybridankerplatten stellen eine vorgefertigte Verankerungslösung für Zugglieder (Spannglieder, Verpressanker) dar, bei der die Werkstoffe ultrahochfester Beton (UHPC) und Stahl oder Kohlefaser entsprechend ihrer Eigenschaften kombiniert werden. Sie wurden erstmals im Juli 2011 bei der Verstärkung des Hauptdrempels der Rheinschleuse in Iffezheim als aufgesetzte Verankerungsplatten für Dauerlitzenanker eingesetzt. Mit den dauerhaften Hybridankerplatten konnte der Ankerkopf bei beengten Verhältnissen äußerst kompakt auf den unbewehrten Altbeton aufgesetzt werden.

First application of composite anchor plates (“Hybridanker”) for strengthening a Rhine lock with permanent ground anchors

Prefabricated composite anchor plates are using high performance concrete and steel or carbon fibres for load transfer of tendon forces (post‐tensioning tendons, ground anchors). First application of the Hybridanker‐type has been realized at the Rhine lock in Iffezheim, where permanent multistrand ground anchors had been installed. The prefabricated Hybridanker‐solution allowed a durable and compact load transfer to old, unreinforced concrete.
Weltstadthaus Peek & Cloppenburg Wien
Authors: Akkermannn Jan , Golonka Krzysztof
Published: April 2012

Beim Neubau eines Kaufhauses in der Wiener Innenstadt wurde bereits im Rohbau eine mögliche Teilung des kompletten Gebäudetragwerks in Einzelbauwerke berücksichtigt. Es werden die Teilungsoptionen sowie die hierfür bereits umgesetzten konstruktiven Maßnahmen beschrieben.
Continuous microalgae cultivation in a photobioreactor
Authors: Tang Haiying , Chen Meng , Simon Ng K.Y. , Salley Steven O.
Published: April 2012

New biomass sources for alternative fuels has become a subject of increasing importance as the nation strives to resolve the economic and strategic impacts of limited fossil fuel resources on our national security, environment, and global climate. Algae are among the most promising non‐food‐crop‐based biomass feedstocks. However, there are currently no commercially viable microalgae‐based production systems for biofuel production that have been developed, as limitations include less‐than optimal oil content, growth rates, and cultivation techniques. While batch studies are critical for determining basic growth phases and characteristics of the algal species, steady‐state studies are necessary to better understand and measure the specific growth parameters. This study evaluated the effects of dilution rate on microalgal biomass productivity, lipid content, and fatty acid profile under steady‐state conditions with continuous illumination and carbon dioxide supplemention for two types of algae. Continuous cultures were conducted for more that 3 months. Our results show that the productivity of Chlorella minutissima varied from 39 to 137 mg/L/day (dry mass) when the dilution rate varied from 0.08 to 0.64 day−1. The biomass productivity of C. minutissima reached a maximum value (137 mg/L/day) at a dilution rate of 0.33 day−1, while the productivity of Dunaliella tertiolecta varied from 46 to 91 mg/L/day at a dilution rate of 0.17 to 0.74 day−1. The biomass productivity of D. tertiolecta reached a maximum value of 91 mg/L/day at a dilution rate of 0.42 day−1. Moreover, the lipid content had no significant change with various dilution rates. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2468–2474. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bestimmung des Reinheitsgrades von Flüssigkeiten mit dem Refraktometer
Authors: Schrödel Andrea
Published: April 2012

Mit Hilfe eines Refraktometers kann grob der Reinheitsgrad von Flüssigkeiten bestimmt werden. Der hierbei zu bestimmende Brechungsindex ist konzentrationsabhängig. Daher wird diese Methode auch zur Konzentrationsbestimmung von Lösungen und zur Kontrolle von Trennprozessen (z. B. analytischer Destillationen) angewandt. Die Methode ist zwar nicht ganz einfach zu verstehen, dafür ist die Handhabung des Gerätes aber umso einfacher.
Multicentre observational study of the natural history of left-sided acute diverticulitis (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 276–285) (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 285–286)
Authors: Binda G A , Serventi A , Altomare D F
Published: April 2012

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Short sleep duration and obesity: mechanisms and future perspectives
Authors: Zimberg Ioná Zalcman , Dâmaso Ana , Del Re Mariana , Carneiro Aline Millani , de Sá Souza Helton , de Lira Fábio Santos , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Marco Túlio
Published: April 2012

A reduction of sleep time has become common over the last century, and growing evidence from both epidemiological and laboratory‐based studies suggests sleep curtailment is a new risk factor for the development of obesity. On this basis, the present review examines the role of sleep curtailment in the metabolic and endocrine alterations, including decreased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, increased evening concentrations of cortisol, increased levels of ghrelin, decreased levels of leptin and increased hunger and appetite. It will be discussed how sleep restriction may lead to increase in food intake and result in greater fatigue, which may favour decreased energy expenditure. Altogether, evidences point to a possible role of decreased sleep duration in the current epidemic of obesity and therefore present literature highlights the importance of getting enough good sleep for metabolic health. Many aspects still need to be clarified and intervention studies also need to be conducted. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescent Blooming of Dendronic Carbon Nanotubes through Ion‐Pairing Interactions with an EuIII Complex
Authors: Maggini Laura , Toma Francesca Maria , Feruglio Luigi , Malicka Joanna M. , Da Ros Tatiana , Armaroli Nicola , Prato Maurizio , Bonifazi Davide
Published: April 2012

A multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) scaffold was covalently functionalized with a second‐generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendron, presenting four terminal amino groups per grafted aryl moiety. These reactive functions were alkylated to obtain a positively charged polycationic dendron/carbon nanotube system (d‐MWCNTs⋅Cl), which eventually underwent anion exchange reaction with a negatively charged and highly luminescent EuIII complex ([EuL4]⋅NEt4, in which L=(2‐naphtoyltrifluoroacetonate)). This process afforded the target material d‐MWCNTs⋅[EuL4], in which MWCNTs are combined with red‐emitting EuIII centers through electrostatic interactions with the dendronic branches. Characterization of the novel MWCNT materials was accomplished by means of TGA and TEM, whereas d‐MWCNTs⋅Cl and d‐MWCNTs⋅ [EuL4] further underwent XPS, SEM and Raman analyses. These studies demonstrate the integrity of the luminescent [EuL4]− center in the luminescent hybrid, the massive load of the cationic binding sites, and the virtually complete anion‐exchange into the final hybrid material. The occurrence of the ion‐pairing interaction with MWCNTs was unambiguously demonstrated through DOSY NMR diffusion studies. Photophysical investigations show that MWCNTs⋅[EuL4] is a highly soluble and brightly luminescent red hybrid material in which MWCNTs act as photochemically inert scaffolds with negligible UV/Vis absorption, compared with the grafted Eu complex, and with no quenching activity. The high dispersibility of MWCNTs⋅[EuL4] in a polymer matrix makes it a promising luminophore for applications in material science.
Ion‐Pair Recognition by a Heteroditopic Triazole‐Containing Receptor
Authors: Picot Simon C. , Mullaney Benjamin R. , Beer Paul D.
Published: April 2012

A new heteroditopic calix[4]diquinone triazole containing receptor capable of recognising both cations and anions through Lewis base and CH hydrogen‐bonding modes, respectively, of the triazole motif has been prepared. This ion‐pair receptor cooperatively binds halide/monovalent‐cation combinations in an aqueous mixture, with selectivity trends being established by 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Cation binding by the calix[4]diquinone oxygen and triazole nitrogen donors enhances the strength of the halide complexation at the isophthalamide recognition site of the receptor. Conversely, anions bound in the receptor’s isophthalamide cavity enhance cation recognition. 1H NMR investigations in solution suggest that the receptor’s triazole motifs are capable of coordinating simultaneously to both cation and anion guest species. Solid‐state X‐ray crystallographic structural analysis of a variety of receptor ion‐pair adducts further demonstrates the dual cation–anion binding role of the triazole group.
Kommentar zu: H. Mustroph, S. Ernst “Das Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip”
Authors: Köhn A. , Diezemann G. , Berger R. , Basché Th.
Published: April 2012

Die Zeitschrift “Chemie in unserer Zeit” wendet sich an ein breites Leserspektrum. Sie will zuverlässig über neue Entwicklungen in der Chemie und verwandten Gebieten berichten sowie komplexe Sachverhalte auch für den Nichtfachmann verständlich aufbereiten. Mit großem Bedauern kommen wir jedoch zu der Einschätzung, dass der Beitrag “Wer kennt es noch? Das Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip” von H. Mustroph und S. Ernst (im Folgenden als Ref. 1 bezeichnet) nach unserem Ermessen diesem Anspruch nicht gerecht wird. Der Beitrag enthält einige erhebliche fachliche Fehler sowie sachlich unbegründete und zum Teil irreführende Kritik an Lehrbuchinhalten und wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten. Wir sehen es daher geboten, in einem Kommentar auf einige wesentliche Punkte hinzuweisen. Für den interessierten Leser stellen wir in einer Langversion dieses Kommentars (zugänglich in der Online‐Version der Zeitschrift) eine kurze weitergehende Darstellung des Themas zur Verfügung.
Das Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip – eine Antwort der Autoren
Authors: Mustroph Heinz , Ernst Steffen
Published: April 2012

Auf unseren Beitrag zum Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip erhielten wir überraschend viele Reaktionen. Da das Franck‐Condon‐Prinzip unserer Meinung nach in den meisten Lehrbüchern falsch dargestellt ist, verwundert es nicht, dass es neben vielen zustimmenden und dankbaren auch kritische Bemerkungen gibt. Es ist sehr anerkennenswert, dass sich unsere Kritiker der öffentlichen Diskussion stellen. Wir gehen davon aus, dass die von ihnen vertretenen Ansichten weit verbreitet sind und hoffen, dass die Leser durch den Disput angeregt werden, sich mit beiden unterschiedlichen Positionen aktiv auseinanderzusetzen. Dazu stellen auch wir eine ausführliche Erwiderung auf der Webseite dieser Zeitschrift zur Verfügung und würden uns über weitere Kommentare freuen.
Ackerböden im Stickstoffkreislauf
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: April 2012

Stickstoff‐fixierende Bakterien, die symbiontisch mit Leguminosen leben, sind weitläufig bekannt. Ihr Pendant, die Stickstoff‐freisetzenden Bakterien, rücken bei den steigenden Emissionen des Treibhausgases Lachgas ins Blickfeld.
“Warum wird mein Apfel braun?”
Authors: Hein Susanne
Published: April 2012

Das “Haus der kleinen Forscher” ist Deutschlands größte Initiative zur frühkindlichen Bildung. Mädchen und Jungen sollen bereits ab dem Kindergartenalter ihr Interesse für Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Mathematik entdecken können. Bundesweit erreicht das Bildungsangebot bereits über 20.000 Kindertagesstätten und Grundschulhorte; bis 2015 will die gemeinnützige Stiftung “Haus der kleinen Forscher” ihr Netzwerk soweit ausgebaut haben, dass jede Kita in Deutschland von dem Angebot profitieren kann.
Wissenschaft und Kunst der Materie
Authors: Mahler Stefanie
Published: April 2012

“Die großen Herausforderungen, die wir vor uns haben, betreffen die Energiefrage, die Umwelt und das Klima – dabei sind stets chemische Prozesse im Spiel, die wir besser verstehen müssen.” Das Zitat des Nobelpreisträgers Gerhard Ertl könnte als Motto der Ausstellung “Bildende Kunst: Chemie im 21. Jahrhundert” gelten. Denn die Themen ebenso wie das Design der Max Planck Science Gallery sind zukunftsgerichtet. Alles dreht sich um Chemie – und welche chemische Grundlagenforschung in mehr als 20 Max‐Planck‐Instituten heute betrieben wird.
Hydroxamic Acids as Potent Inhibitors of FeII and MnIIE. coli Methionine Aminopeptidase: Biological Activities and X‐ray Structures of Oxazole Hydroxamate–EcMetAP‐Mn Complexes
Authors: Huguet Florian , Melet Armelle , Alves de Sousa Rodolphe , Lieutaud Aurélie , Chevalier Jacqueline , Maigre Laure , Deschamps Patrick , Tomas Alain , Leulliot Nicolas , Pages Jean‐Marie , Artaud Isabelle
Published: April 2012

New series of acids and hydroxamic acids linked to five‐membered heterocycles including furan, oxazole, 1,2,4‐ or 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, and imidazole were synthesized and tested as inhibitors against the FeII, CoII, and MnII forms of E. coli methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) and as antibacterial agents against wild‐type and acrAB E. coli strains. 2‐Aryloxazol‐4‐ylcarboxylic acids appeared as potent and selective inhibitors of the CoII MetAP form, with IC50 values in the micromolar range, whereas 5‐aryloxazol‐2‐ylcarboxylic acid regioisomers and 5‐aryl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐3‐ylcarboxylic acids were shown to be inefficient against all forms of EcMetAP. Regardless of the heterocycle, all the hydroxamic acids are highly potent inhibitors and are selective for the MnII and FeII forms, with IC50 values between 1 and 2 μM. One indole hydroxamic acid that we previously reported as a potent inhibitor of E. coli peptide deformylase also demonstrated efficiency against EcMetAP. To gain insight into the positioning of the oxazole heterocycle with reversed substitutions at positions 2 and 5, X‐ray crystal structures of EcMetAP‐Mn complexed with two such oxazole hydroxamic acids were solved. Irrespective of the [metal]/[apo‐MetAP] ratio, the active site consistently contains a dinuclear manganese center, with the hydroxamate as bridging ligand. Asp 97, which adopts a bidentate binding mode to the Mn2 site in the holoenzyme, is twisted in both structures toward the hydroxamate bridging ligand to favor the formation of a strong hydrogen bond. Most of the compounds show weak antibacterial activity against a wild‐type E. coli strain. However, increased antibacterial activity was observed mainly for compounds with a 2‐substituted phenyl group in the presence of the nonapeptide polymyxin B and phenylalanine–arginine–β‐naphthylamide as permeabilizer and efflux pump blocker, respectively, which boost the intracellular uptake of the inhibitors.
Psychiatric Comorbidity is Associated with Increased Skill Deficits
Authors: Stenzel Nikola , Krumm Stefan , Hartwich‐Tersek Jens , Beisel Sylvia , Rief Winfried
Published: April 2012

Recent research on psychotherapy has focused on the development and evaluation of disorder‐specific treatments. Even though much progress has been made, treatments have not yet reached an ideal level of effectiveness. One reason for this could be the systematic overlap and high comorbidity between mental disorders. Consequently, a new trend has been the examination of transdiagnostic factors in order to conceptualize psychopathology and develop treatment tools. One approach is to strengthen skills (e.g., emotion regulation) that are relevant in different mental disorders. The unique feature of this study is the simultaneous examination of several skills and their relation to psychopathology. Therefore, the current study investigated the skill levels of different groups of inpatients (tinnitus, tinnitus/unipolar mood disorder and anxiety/unipolar mood disorder) and normal controls (n = 124). Participants were evaluated with the ‘operationalized assessment of skills interview’. This interview allows the simultaneous assessment of seven skills (problem solving, social competence, stress management, emotion regulation, relaxation ability, self‐efficacy and self‐esteem) that are relevant for treatment planning. The results confirm negative correlations between skills and the number of comorbid diagnoses. Multivariate analyses identified significant differences in skill levels between clinical sample and normal controls. Furthermore, within the clinical sample, there were significant differences in skill levels and skill profiles between the different clinical subsamples. To conclude, the improvement of skills that can support recovery from mental disorders is especially relevant for patients with multiple diagnoses. The authors suggest assessing the different skills prior to treatment and considering the skill profiles when planning interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Lower skill levels are associated with higher comorbidity and higher level of psychopathology of patients.

There is evidence for specific skill profiles within different clinical subsamples.

The improvement of skills that can impact recovery from mental disorders is especially relevant for patients with multiple diagnoses.

It makes sense to assess the different skills independently and consider them separately when planning interventions.
Praktische Umsetzung von DIN EN 1996/NA – D in Bemessungssoftware
Authors: Hoffmann Jens
Published: April 2012

Durch den softwaregestützten Nachweis von Mauerwerk ist die Einführung einer neuen Bemessungsnorm für den Endanwender auch ohne detaillierte Kenntnis der Norm möglich. Dennoch müssen für die korrekte Anwendung der neuen Norm teils zusätzliche Vorgaben gemacht werden, die einer Erläuterung bedürfen, und es sollten die Auswirkungen neuer Regelungen und Inhalte bekannt sein. Der vorliegende Artikel soll anhand der Erfahrungen, die bei der Umsetzung von DIN EN 1996 für unbewehrtes Mauerwerk in den Mauerwerksprogrammen der Firma Friedrich Lochner GmbH gemacht wurden, einige Hintergründe zu diesen Änderungen beleuchten und somit einen Beitrag zur möglichst reibungslosen Einführung des Eurocodes für den Mauerwerksbau in Deutschland leisten.

Implementation of DIN EN 1996/NA – D in design software. Due to the software‐based design of masonry walls switching to new design standards is not compulsorily associated with the acquisition of a complete knowledge of the new standards. However, the correct application of the new design standards in design software often demands the specification of previously uncommon input parameters and the effects on the results of the design checks and demands should be understood. This paper aims to provide findings and conclusions made during the process of implementation of DIN EN 1996 by the Friedrich Lochner company in their design software for unreinforced masonry, and thus to support the unobstructed introduction of the Eurocodes for masonry in Germany.