bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural Morphology of the Nucleus in Acute Lymphoblast Leukemia in Sheep Induced by Inoculation of Bovine Leukemia Virus (B.L.V.)
Authors: Al-Bagdadi F K , Seger C L , Henry R W , Mauldin G N
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Electron and Atomic Force Microscopy of Cadium Sulfide Thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Acosta Dwight , Magaña Carlos , Martinez Arturo
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
"Holes" on Red Blood Cell Membranes Including Thalassemia Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Guha TAPAN , Bhar RADHABALLAV , Bhattacharyya KAJAL , Brahmachary RATANLAL L
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Electron Microscopy of Wet Samples from Cells and Tissues to Food, Cosmetics and Medical Devices
Authors: Zik Ory , Behar Vered , Nechushtan Amotz
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles as Destructive Sorbent for Toxic Agents
Authors: Bakardjieva Snejana , šubrt Jan , štengl Vaclav , Opluštil Frantisek , Olšanska Marcela
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
AssessingThermodynamic Properties of Amorphous Nanostructures by Energy-Filtered Electron Diffraction
Authors: Koch Christoph T , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Subramaniam Anandh , Rühle Manfred
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
The Power of Spectrum Imaging
Authors: Friel J J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis Study of Conversion of WOx Nanowires into WS2 Nanotubes
Authors: Dong Lifeng , Jiao Jun
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Quantitative X-ray Mapping and Spectrum Imaging
Authors: Friel John J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Calcium Sensing Receptor Localization and Signaling in Cells
Authors: Parkash J , Chaudhry M A , Rhoten W B
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
3D Elemental Mapping Using a Dedicated FIB/STEM System
Authors: Yaguchi Toshie , Konno Mitsuru , Kamino Takeo , Hashimoto Takahito , Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Masashi
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Material Analysis Using SEM/EDS Combined with a Raman Spectrometer
Authors: Kawauchi Kazuteru , Ogura Kazumichi , Nielsen Charlie , Brooker Alan D , Bennett Robert
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Study of Zirconia-Perovskite Interfaces in SOFC
Authors: Backhaus-Ricoult Monika
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Microstructural Characterization of HgTe/HgCdTe Superlattices
Authors: Aoki Toshihiro , Takeguchi Masaki , Boieriu Paul , Singh R , Grein Christoph , Smith D J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Conformational Changes of Dynamin-lipid Tubes During the GTP Cycle
Authors: Moon Kwan-Hoon , Hinshaw Jenny E
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Corrected OMEGA In-column Energy Filter in Practice: Energy Resolution and Stability
Authors: Benner Gerd , Essers Erik , Huber Bernd , Lang Guenter , Matijevic Marko , Orchowski Alexander , Rau Wolf Dieter , Schindler Bernd , Schlossmacher Peter , Thesen Alexander
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Atomic Scale Characterization of the Pt/TiO2; Interface
Authors: Iddir Hakim , Disko Mark , Browning Nigel D. , Ogut Serdar
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Infrared Spectral Imaging of H&E-Stained Breast Tissue Biopsies
Authors: Marcott Curtis , Story Gloria M. , Dukor Rina K.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
A Method for In-situ Mechanical Testing Inside an Environmental SEM Chamber
Authors: Zakowsky Nadja , Donald Athene M. , Baker Frank S.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Resonance-Filtered Imaging of Collective pi-States in a Carbon Nanotube using Electron Energy-Loss Spectra Acquired in an Enfina / STEM System
Authors: Seepujak Ash , Bangert Uschi , Gutierrez-Sosa Aurora , Harvey Alan J , Blank V D , Kulnitskiy Boris A , Batov D V
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Migration and Positioning of Neurons in the Developing Neocortex
Authors: Gupta Amitabh , Tsai Li-Huei
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Combinatorial and High Throughput Microscopy for Thin Film Research
Authors: Julthongpiput Duangrut , Zhang Wenhua , Fasolka Michael J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Quantitative EELS Imaging of Phase-Separated Morphology in Poly(DTE Carbonate)-Poly(Caprolactone) Thin-Film Blends
Authors: Sousa Alioscka , Aitouchen Abdelaziz , Kohn Joachim , Libera Matthew
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Characterization of Nanoindentations in Silicon by Cross-sectional TEM
Authors: Wen Songqing , Bentley James , Jang Jae-il , Anderson Ian M. , Pharr George M.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Spectral Imaging Opens a New Era in Quantitative X-Ray Mapping
Authors: Camus Patrick
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
In situ ESEM Study of Liquid Transport through Carbon Nanopipes
Authors: Rossi Maria Pia , Gogotsi Yury
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Imaging Membrane Potential with Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
Authors: Nemet Boaz A , Nikolenko Volodymyr , Jiang Jiang , Yuste Rafael
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Optical Mapping of Electrical Activation in Developing Heart
Authors: Sedmera David , Rosengarten Carlin I. , Gourdie Robert G. , Thompson Robert P.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Fabrication and Test of Single Nanotube Emitter as Point Electron Source
Authors: Zhao Gongpu , Zhang Jian , Zhang Qi , Tang Jie , Zhou Otto , Qin L C
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Additive Nanopatterning by Platinum Deposition in a Dual Beam FIB
Authors: Gopal Vidyut , Stach Eric A , Radmilovic Velimir R
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
First Results from the Aberration-Corrected JEOL 2200FS-AC STEM/TEM
Authors: Allard Lawrence F , Blom Douglas A , O'Keefe Michael A , Kiely Chris J , Ackland D. , Watanabe M. , Kawasaki M. , Kaneyama T. , Sawada H.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Microstructure Studies on Rutile TiO2-Sn Catalytic Particles
Authors: Sun Xiangcheng , Pedraza F.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Detection Limits and Resolution for Quantitative Phase Retrieval Through Transport-of-Intensity
Authors: Schofield M. A. , Beleggia M. , Volkov V. V. , Zhu Y.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Analysis of Foreign Material From the Foot of Incontinence Device Patient
Authors: Okerstrom Sue
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
White Beam X-ray Microdiffraction Analysis of Polycrystalline Thin Films
Authors: Cargill G. S.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Electron Holographic Tomography - Challenge and Opportunity
Authors: Friedrich Heiner , McCartney Molly R. , Buseck Peter R.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
GroEL Structure at 6 Å Resolution Using Electron Cryomicroscopy and EMAN
Authors: Ludtke Steven J , Chen Dong-Hua , Song Jiu-Li , Chuang David T , Chiu Wah
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Expression and Localization of Hsp70 in Cold Stressed Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells
Authors: Rada Alegna , Tonino Paola , Strauss Mirian
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Effects of Water Vapour on Electron and Ion Beam Deposited Platinum
Authors: Langford Richard M , Ozkaya Dogan , Sheridan J , Chater Richard
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Metallographic Techniques for Superalloys
Authors: Vander Voort George , Manilova Elena
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Qdot Conjugates: A Novel Fluorescence Detection Technology for Biological Imaging
Authors: Ornberg Richard L , Wu X , Bruchez M P
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Comparison Between Discrete and Semi-continuous Layered Models of Superconducting Vortices in High Tc Materials for TEM Observations
Authors: Beleggia Marco , Pozzi Giulio , Tonomura Akira
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Light and Electron Microscopy of the Egg Membranes and Oviduct of the Oviparous Peripatus Planipapillus mundus (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae).
Authors: Norman Jennifer M. , Tait Noel N.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Single Crystal Three-Armed Cadmium Sulfide Nanowires (Nano-Tripods)
Authors: Bell David C. , Hayden Oliver , Greytak Andrew B , Lieber Charles M
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Performance of Mirai-21 Analytical Electron Microscope
Authors: Mukai Masaki , Kaneyama Toshikatsu , Tomita Takeshi , Tsuno Katsushige , Terauchi Masami , Tsuda Kenji , Ioanoviciu Damaschin , Martinez Genovera , Naruse Mikio , Honda Toshikazu , Tanaka Michiyoshi
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Detection of Metals in Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tissue using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analyses
Authors: Stearns Rebecca , Guttmann Charles R G , Bakshi Rohit , DeGirolami U , Due Brice , Godleski John J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Charge Contrast Imaging of the Soft Tissue and Mineralized Skeletal Phases in a Scleractinian Coral
Authors: Clode Peta L , Griffin Brendan J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Decreased DNA Damage and Increased DNA Repair by Mitochondrial Membrane K-ATP Channel Opener in Rabbit Spinal Cords Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Mcklaren S H , Gao Daqing , Chen Lei , Roseborough Glen , Williams G M , Wei Chiming
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Atomic and Electronic Structure Analysis of Active and Inactive Diamond Grain Boundaries
Authors: Ichinose Hideki , Sawada Hidetaka , Takayanagi Naoki
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Using an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope to Study Phase Transitions and Chemistries of NaCl/Glutaric Acid Aerosol Particles
Authors: Schalek R L , Hung Hui-Ming , Martin S T
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
New Detection System for GEMINI
Authors: Steigerwald Michael Dieter Gerhard , Arnold Rainer , Bihr Johannes , Drexel Volker , Jaksch Heiner , Preikszas Dirk , Vermeulen Jan P
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Analysis of Nano-Scale Phase Separation in a Pd40Ni40P20 Bulk Metallic Glass Deformed in the Supercooled Liquid Region by HREM and Nano-Diffraction
Authors: Wang Jin Guo , Nieh T. G.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Microstructural Evolution During Ageing of Novel Superferritic Stainless Steel Produced by the HIP Process
Authors: Ng Poh Gek , Khoo Cheng Ai , Fourlaris Georgios
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
3D Materials Characterization using Dual-Beam FIB/SEM Techniques
Authors: Lee E , Williams R , Viswanathan G B , Banerjee R , Fraser H L
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Characterization of Porous Media by Local Porosities, Minkowski Functionals and Non-Minkowski Functionals
Authors: Hilfer Rudolf
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Effect of Micro-twins on InSb Quantum Wells Grown on GaAs (001) Substrates
Authors: Mishima T.D. , Blom D.A. , Keay J.C. , Goel N. , Ball M.A. , Chung S.J. , Johnson M.B. , Santos M.B.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
More Than a Surface Probe: Investigation of Subsurface Charging in Buried Oxide Layers in Silicon Using Kelvin Probe Microscopy
Authors: Stevens-Kalceff Marion A.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Digital Image Analysis (DIA) Versus Manual Microscopic Analysis in Quantifying Immunohistochemical Cellular Staining
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Bellavance Emily , Aghai Zubair , Hadeed Josef , Hewitt Charles W.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
The Orbicule in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Cheng Wayne Y. , Cheng Victoria C. , Cheng Ping-chin , Walden David B.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
TEM Studies of Cu2O-Si and Cu2O-InP Interfaces Made by Epitaxial Electrodeposition
Authors: Oba Fumiyasu , Liu Run , Yu Yeonseop , Bohannan E W , Ernst Frank , Switzer Jay
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
A Comparison of Immersion Infrared Microspectroscopy to Attenuated Total Internal Reflection Microspectroscopy
Authors: Lavalle L. E. , Sommer A. J. , Story G. M. , Dowery A. E. , Marcott C.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Observation of Dipolar Ferromagnetism by TEM Techniques
Authors: Beleggia Marco , Tandon Shakul , Zhu Yimei , De Graef Marc
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Role of Dissimilatory Metal-reducing Bacteria in Biomineralization Pathways
Authors: Dohnalkova Alice , Hansel Colleen , Gorby Yuri , Fendorf Scott
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Installation and Initial Results: the ExxonMobil NanoSIMS
Authors: Horn William C , Lamberti William A
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Same-Day EM-Diagnosis of Tissues and Potential Bioterrorism Samples by the Use of Microwave-Assisted Processing
Authors: Schroeder Josef Andreas , Gelderblom Hans R. , Hauroeder Baerbel , Schmetz Christel , Milios Jim , Hofstaedter Ferdinand
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Polymeric Composites, Morphological Characterization, and Fracture Analysis: fluorescent, dark field, bright field, and polarized light optical microscopy
Authors: Gammon Luther M.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
The Structure of PEG-PMAA Layered Thin- Film Capsules.
Authors: Yakovlev Sergey , Kovzlovskaya Veronika , Sukhishvili Svetlana , Libera Matthew
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Strain Fields Around Coherent Particles in Ni Alloys.
Authors: Calzado-Lopez Lorenzo , Calderon Hector , Diaz-Gongora Jose , Clement Nicole , Kisielowski Christian
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Field Metallography: Case Studies
Authors: Lawrence Samuel
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Brain Vascular Damage Due to Neuroprosthetic Insertion: Casting and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Bjornsson C S , Lin G , Abdul-Karim M A , Szarowski D H , Smith K L , LeBlanc D , Roysam B , Shain W , Turner J N
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Effect of Microstructure on Die Punch Failures
Authors: Lane James F. , Ackerson Thomas N.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Morphological Descriptions of the Oxyurid Leidynema portentosae from Cockroaches
Authors: Reif Kathryn E. , Carreno Ramon A. , Tuhela Laura
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Robust Parametric Modeling for Improved Segmentation of Complex Tumor Microvasculature from Multiphoton Microscopy Data
Authors: Tyrrell James Alexander , Mahadevan Vijay , Tong Ricky , Roysam Badri , Brown Edward B. , Jain Rakesh K.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Superstructure of Nanoparticle Assembly by HAADF-STEM
Authors: Li Z. Y. , Chen Y. , Yuan J. , Palmer R. E. , Wilcoxon J. P.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Quantitative Electron Probe Analysis of Zeolites
Authors: Keenan IV James A. , Lamberti William A.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Electron Tomography of Swollen Rigor Fibers
Authors: Liu Jun , Winkler Hanspeter , Reedy Mary C , Reedy Michael K , Taylor Kenneth A
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Correlation of Field Emission and Surface Microstructure of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Huang Jianyu Y. , Jo S. H. , Tu Y. , Huang Z. P. , Carnahan D. L. , Wang D. Z. , Ren Z. F.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Computed Tomography and its Application for the 3D Characterization of Coarse Grained Meteorites
Authors: Gillies Donald C , Carpenter Paul , Engel H Peter , Mendoza Roberto , Voorhees Peter W
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Determination of Elemental Composition and Structure of Individual Organic Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Authors: Crozier Peter A. , Anderson J.R. , Twohy Cynthia H.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Reconstruction of AlFeSi Intermetallic Particles in 6xxx Aluminum Alloys Using the Focused Ion Beam (FIB)
Authors: Claves Steven R , Bandar Alexander R , Misiolek Wojciech Z , Michael Joseph R
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Mechanisms for the Behaviour of Amorphous Carbon Films During Annealing
Authors: McCulloch D.G. , Peng J.L. , McKenzie D.R. , Lau S.P. , Sheeja D. , Tay B.K.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
TEM Imaging for Compositional Analysis of Self-Assembled InAs Quantum Dot Structures
Authors: Agnello Gabriel , Tokranov Vadim , Lamberti Matthew , Oktyabrsky Serge
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Influence of the N2 on TiN Thin Film Grown by PLD
Authors: Gonzalez-Valenzuela Cesar , Duarte-Moller Jose Alberto , De la Cruz Wencel , Castillon Barraza Felipe , Diaz J. Antonio , Cota Araiza Leonel
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Observation of Dynamic Phase Transitions and Domain Formations in Electronic Materials by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Dobberstein Harald
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
TEM Anaysis of Chemoreceptor Arrays in Native Membranes of E. coli
Authors: McAndrew Rosemary  S. , Ellis E. Ann , Manson Michael , Holzenburg Andreas
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Students as Nanodetectives in a Variety of Introductory Science Classes
Authors: Fraundorf P. , Pongkrapan Noom
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Performance Evaluation of a Transmission Scintillator-Based Lens-Coupled 4K CCD Camera for Use in Low-Dose Electron Cryo-Tomography
Authors: Bailey Brent , Agard D A , Sedat J W , Barfels Melanie , Chao Henry , Mooney P E
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Gas Sensor Arrays Using Nanostructured Thin Films of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxides
Authors: Prasad Arun , Gadia Saket , Gouma Pelagia I
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Application of a Multi-Photon High-Resolution Large-Scale Montage Imaging Technique to Characterize Transgenic Mouse Models of Human Neurodisorders
Authors: Price Diana L. , Chow Sunny K. , Hakozaki Hiroyuki , Phung Van , Smarr Benjamin , Peltier Steve , Martone M E , Ellisman M H
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Investigation of ZnS Nanobelts by Spherical-aberration Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Deneen Julia M , Lentzen Markus , Carter C Barry
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Atomic-Scale Analysis of Metamorphic Magnetite using Field Ion Microscopy and Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Kuhlman K R , Kelly T F , Miller M K
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Atomic Resolution of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Miki-Yoshida Mario , Elechiguerra Jose Luis , Antúnez-Flores Wilber , Aguilar-Elguezabal Alfredo , José-Yacamán Miguel
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Simultaneous Z-Contrast and Phase Contrast Imaging of Oxygen in Ceramic Interfaces
Authors: Chisholm M F , Lupini A. R. , Pennycook S. J. , Ohkubo I. , Christen H. M. , Findlay S M , Oxley M P , Allen L J
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Visualizing Green Fluorescent Protein and Fluorescence Associated with a Gold Conjugate in Thin Sections with Correlative Confocal and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Sims Paul. A , Hardin Jeff
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Magnetic Linear Dichroism in Electron Energy-Loss Spectra of alpha-Fe2O3
Authors: van Aken Peter A. , Lauterbach Stefan
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Installation-Related Large Truck Casting Failures
Authors: Ackerson Thomas , Lane James F
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Cryo X-ray Tomography of Whole Cells at 50 nm Resolution
Authors: Larabell Carolyn A , Le Gros M. A.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Teaching New Techniques Even Newer Tricks: Dip-Pen Nanopatterning (DPN) and Microcantilever Arrays for Bio-Chemical Sensing
Authors: Dravid Vinayak  P
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
The Use of In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry in the Study of the Pathogenesis of Foreign Animal Diseases
Authors: Brown Corrie
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Synthesis of Uniform GaN Quantum Dot Arrays via Electron Nanolithography of D2GaN3
Authors: Crozier Peter A. , Tolle John , Kouvetakis John , Ritter Cole
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
High-Resolution EELS and ab initio Study of the Oxygen K Edges in Bulk Perovskites
Authors: Radtke Guillaume , Botton Gianluigi A
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Polar Oxide Interfaces
Authors: Lazarov V. K. , Chambers S. A. , Weinert M. , Gajdardziska-Josifovska Marija
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Determination of the Spatial Resolution Function in Energy Filtered TEM and Application to Thin Gate Oxide Measurements at 80 eV Energy Loss
Authors: Jullian S. , Pantel R. , Juhel M. , Kwakman L.F.T , Vincent G.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
The Role of Hormone-activating Enzyme in Nephron Morphogenesis
Authors: Nishikawa M. , Morikawa S. , Ezaki T.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Microscopic Raman Spectroscopy for the Study of Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer
Authors: Smith J.A. , Christie-Brown J. , Sammon A.N. , Chan C. , Stone N.
Published: January 2008

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
diFiore's Atlas of Histology with Functional
Correlations Victor P. Eroschenko
Authors: Stadtländer Christian T. K.-H.
Published: January 2008

diFiore's Atlas of Histology with Functional
Correlations. Victor P. Eroschenko. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
Philadelphia, PA; 10th edition, 2005, 448 pages (Softbound and Software CD
(interactive), $57.95), ISBN 0-7817-5021-0

Histology (or microscopic anatomy) is an important discipline of the
biological sciences that is concerned with the structure of tissues of
organisms. Light microscopy and electron microscopy in conjunction with
various histochemical and immunocytochemical staining techniques are
typically used today by histologists to visualize, describe, and identify
tissues. Histology is a fundamental discipline in the curriculum for
medical, dental, and veterinary students as well as for allied health
students and scholars interested in the field of biomedical research. All
these students need to have a thorough knowledge of the structure and
function of cells, tissues, and organs. Recently, I came across a
histology book (diFiore's Atlas of Histology) that I believe
is worth the investment. This book provides a selection of high-quality,
full-color illustrations of various tissues of the human body and is
supplemented with sections of structural/functional correlations. This
10th edition is unique in that it includes a CD that contains an
interactive electronic version of the histology atlas.
Optical Mapping of Electrical Activation in the Developing Heart
Authors: Sedmera David , Reckova Maria , Rosengarten Carlin , Torres Maria I. , Gourdie Robert G. , Thompson Robert P.
Published: January 2008

Specialized conduction tissues mediate coordinated propagation of electrical activity through the adult vertebrate heart. Following activation of the atria, the activation wave is slowed down in the atrioventricular canal or node, after which it spreads rapidly into the left and right ventricles via the His-Purkinje system (HPS). This results in the ventricles being activated from the apex toward the base, which is a hallmark of HPS function. The development of mature HPS function follows significant phases of cardiac morphogenesis. Initially, the cardiac impulse propagates in a slow, linear, and isotropic fashion from the sinus venosus at the most caudal portion of the tubular heart. Although the speed of impulse propagation gradually increases as it travels toward the anterior regions of the heart tube, the actual sequence of ventricular activation in the looped heart proceeds in the same direction as blood flow. Eventually, the immature base-to-apex sequence of ventricular activation undergoes an apparent reversal, changing to the mature apex-to-base pattern. Using an optical mapping approach, we demonstrate that the timing of this last transition shows striking dependence on hemodynamic loading of the ventricle, being accelerated by pressure overload and delayed in left ventricular hypoplasia. Comparison of chick and mammalian hearts revealed some striking similarities as well as key differences in the timing of such events during cardiac organogenesis.
Erratum
Authors: Admon Uri , Donohue David , Aigner Helmut , Tamborini Gabriele , Bildstein Olivier , Betti Maria
Published: January 2008

The following shows the correction to Equation (3) that appeared on
page 356 of Microscopy and Microanalysis, 11:4,
August 2005, in the article by Admon et al. The lines,
highlighted with gray screen, were inadvertently left out.
WELCOME FROM THE SOCIETY PRESIDENTS
Authors: Burke M. Grace , Musselman Inga , Lockley Allan , Ng Mary M.L. , Smith Katherine , Griffin Brendan , Mitchell Allan
Published: January 2008

Aloha! On behalf of the Microscopy Society of America (MSA),
the Microbeam Analysis Society (MAS), the International Metallographic
Society (IMS), the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Society (AMMS,
Inc.), the Australian Microbeam Analysis Society (AMAS), Microscopy New
Zealand (MNZ), and the Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Microscopy
(CAPSM), we welcome members of microscopy and microanalysis societies
throughout the world, and particularly those in the Pacific Rim, to our
jointly-sponsored international Microscopy and Microanalysis 2005
meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, scheduled for July 31–August 4, 2005.
The Program Committee, chaired by Bob Price, has already arranged an
interesting series of symposia and tutorials, including sessions on
pathology, microorganisms, macromolecules, nanotechnology,
instrumentation, materials characterization, microanalytical
techniques, focused ion beam, and advances in microscopy. There will
also be a special Presidential Symposium, “The Golden Anniversary
of Imaging Atoms,” to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the
first images of atoms obtained using field-ion microscopy by
Müller and Bahadur. Of course, an essential aspect of the
technical program is your vital contributed paper! There are great
reasons to arrive early for M&M 2005. Besides the outstanding
technical programming for M&M 2005, there will be an excellent
Pre-Meeting Congress and a series of topical one-day courses providing
a perfect way to acclimatize to the local time zone! Our venue in
Honolulu will be all the more enjoyable thanks to the dedication and
hard work of the M&M 2005 local arrangements committee, co-chaired
by Tina Carvalho and Marilyn Dunlap. A fabulous opening reception on
the lawn of the Sheraton Waikiki will be held on July 31, 2005 to
welcome you. The Hawaii Convention Center will be our venue for
technical symposia, short courses, and the commercial exhibition, with
plenty of space for meeting new colleagues and renewing acquaintances.
Our Sustaining Members and Exhibitors are committed to making the
Commercial Exhibition a must-see event, and a great opportunity to
examine new instrumentation in a unique setting. Microscopy and
Microanalysis 2005 promises to be an exciting international
scientific meeting in a most delightful venue. We look forward to
seeing you in Honolulu!
COMMITTEE OF ASIA-PACIFIC SOCIETIES FOR MICROSCOPY
Authors: Ng Mary M.L.
Published: January 2008

Message from the President, and lists of officers and past presidents.
MICROSCOPY NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Mitchell Allan
Published: January 2008

Message from the President; and lists of MNZ officers, past MNZ
presidents, and 2005 MNZ society awards.
A Practical Solution for Eliminating Artificial Image Contrast in Aberration-Corrected TEM
Authors: Yamasaki Jun , Kawai Tomoyuki , Kondo Yushi , Tanaka Nobuo
Published: January 2008

We propose a simple and practical solution to remove artificial contrast inhibiting direct interpretation of atomic arrangements in aberration-corrected TEM. The method is based on a combination of “image subtraction” for elimination of nonlinear components in images and newly improved “image deconvolution” for proper compensation of nonflat phase contrast transfer function. The efficiency of the method is shown by experimental and simulation data of typical materials such as gold, silicon, and magnesium oxide. The hypothetical results from further improvements of TEM instruments are also simulated. It is concluded that we can approach actual atomic structures by using the present method, that is, a proper combination of aCscorrector, image subtraction, and image deconvolution processes.
Three stages of the origin of life process: bifurcation, stabilization and inversion
Authors: Kompanichenko V.N.
Published: January 2008

The principal succession of transformations of a prebiotic microsystem leading to its transition into the primary living state is theoretically substantiated. For the first stage of the succession, a significant change in the external conditions constrains an organic microsystem to leave the current stable state with the following transition into a new stable state through the unstable critical (bifurcation) point. At the bifurcation point the microsystem acquires the original properties without which life cannot exist (self-maintaining heterogeneous structure, incessant fluctuations and rearrangement of molecules, exchange with the surroundings by matter and energy, etc.). During the second stage its unstable state stabilizes relatively by means of the balanced oscillations around the bifurcation point (the paradoxical state of ‘stabilized instability’ appears). The third stage is characterized with the radical turn in the network of chemical reactions: the free energy contribution begins to prevail over the entropy contribution. As a result, constructive transformations proceed faster than destructive transformations. At this stage the key properties of biological organization appear: the ability to concentrate free energy and information, intensified counteraction to external influences, expedient behaviour and persistent self-renovation. On the early Earth, such successive transformation of organic matter occurred in the changeable conditions of a hydrothermal medium. Some new methods for experimental and theoretical research in the origin of life field are suggested.
Annual CO2 exchange between a nutrient‐poor, minerotrophic, boreal mire and the atmosphere
Authors: Sagerfors J. , Lindroth A. , Grelle A. , Klemedtsson L. , Weslien P. , Nilsson M.
Published: January 2008

Mires are key landscape elements at high latitudes and have certainly accumulated carbon during the Holocene, but their current carbon balance at the present time is very unclear. The major carbon flux is the land‐atmosphere CO2 exchange and full‐year data are still limited. Here we present data from 3 a (2001–2003) of continuous Eddy Covariance measurements at Degerö Stormyr (64°11′N, 19°33′E) an oligotrophic, minerotrophic mire in Sweden. The climate at the site is defined as cold temperate humid, with 30‐a annual precipitation and temperature means of 523 mm and +1.2°C, respectively, while the mean temperatures in July and January are +14.7°C and −12.4°C, respectively. The length of the vegetation period was 153 ± 15 d during the measured years. The minerotrophic mire represented a net sink for the vertical exchange of atmospheric CO2‐C during the 3 a, with an average net uptake of 55 ± 7 g (mean ± SD) CO2‐C m−2 a−1. The growing season average uptake was 92 ± 10 g CO2‐C m−2, of which approximately 40% (37 ± 5 g CO2‐C m−2) was lost during the nongrowing season. The daily average uptake over the growing season was 0.65 ± 0.57, 0.73 ± 0.61, and 0.68 ± 0.62 g CO2‐C m−2 d−1 in 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. The daily average net uptake for the month with highest uptake was 1.10 ± 0.33, 1.11 ± 0.63, and 1.22 ± 0.55 g CO2‐C m−2 d−1 in July 2001, July 2002, and June 2003, respectively. The daily average efflux during the nongrowing season was 0.14 ± 0.28, 0.15 ± 0.20, and 0.20 ± 0.19 g CO2‐C m−2 d−1 in the years 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively.
Daisyworld: A review
Authors: Wood Andrew J. , Ackland Graeme J. , Dyke James G. , Williams Hywel T. P. , Lenton Timothy M.
Published: January 2008

Daisyworld is a simple planetary model designed to show the long‐term effects of coupling between life and its environment. Its original form was introduced by James Lovelock as a defense against criticism that his Gaia theory of the Earth as a self‐regulating homeostatic system requires teleological control rather than being an emergent property. The central premise, that living organisms can have major effects on the climate system, is no longer controversial. The Daisyworld model has attracted considerable interest from the scientific community and has now established itself as a model independent of, but still related to, the Gaia theory. Used widely as both a teaching tool and as a basis for more complex studies of feedback systems, it has also become an important paradigm for the understanding of the role of biotic components when modeling the Earth system. This paper collects the accumulated knowledge from the study of Daisyworld and provides the reader with a concise account of its important properties. We emphasize the increasing amount of exact analytic work on Daisyworld and are able to bring together and summarize these results from different systems for the first time. We conclude by suggesting what a more general model of life‐environment interaction should be based on.
Science eclipses politics during 2006 U.S. eclipse expedition to Libya
Authors: St. Cyr O.C. , Davila Joseph M. , Guhathakurta Madhulika , Senseney Robert S.
Published: January 2008

A total eclipse of the Sun is one of the most spectacular phenomena of nature, and it provides a unique venue to gather valuable measurements of the Sun's corona that cannot otherwise be obtained. Since the time of the first American expedition to observe the 1780 eclipse during the American Revolutionary War—with the British granting the observation vessel safe passage to Maine's Penobscot Bay—the U.S. government has had a history of supporting scientific expeditions to remote eclipse sites under difficult conditions. A recent expedition to Libya to observe and study the 29 March 2006 eclipse continues that tradition.

The Libyan government invited NASA scientists as well as other international researchers to a conference held along the line of totality deep in the Sahara desert. This article describes activities undertaken by NASA and the U.S. State Department associated with the eclipse expedition.
Assessing Afghanistan's mineral resources
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: January 2008

Afghanistan has significant amounts of undiscovered nonfuel mineral resources, with copper and iron ore having the most potential for extraction, according to a new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment. The assessment, done cooperatively with the Afghanistan Geological Survey of the Afghanistan Ministry of Mines, also found indications of significant deposits of colored stones and gemstones (including emeralds, rubies, and sapphires), gold, mercury, sulfur, chromite, and other resources. “Mineral resource assessments provide government decision‐makers and potential private investors with objective, unbiased information on where undiscovered mineral resources may be located, what kinds of resources are likely to occur, and how much of each mineral commodity may exist in them,” said USGS director Mark Myers. The USGS, in cooperation with the Afghan government, released an oil and gas resources assessment in May 2007. For more information, visit the Web sites: http://afghanistan.cr.usgs.gov and http://www.bgs.ac.uk/afghanminerals/.
Digital library for computational seismology
Authors: Gallovic Frantisek , Barsch Robert , De La Puente Alvarez Josep , Igel Heiner
Published: January 2008

Computational methodologies play an increasingly important role in Earth sciences. However, Earth science curricula in general often do not equip scientists with the necessary background in mathematical and computational aspects of the rapidly expanding field of simulation technology.

This lack of preparation applies in particular to the field of computational seismology. Despite the fact that the same numerical methodologies (e.g., finite differences, finite/spectral elements) are used in various domains (e.g., exploration seismics, volcanology, global seismology, earthquake physics), there often has been little interaction and exchange of experiences among researchers working in these different domains.
Comment on “Will the magnetic North Pole move to Siberia?”
Authors: Newitt Lawrence R. , Chulliat Arnaud
Published: January 2008

In a recent Eos article, Olsen and Mandea [2007] commented on the rapid motion of the north magnetic pole (NMP) and the ability of recent magnetic field models based on satellite data to give accurate positions for the magnetic poles. The most recent local survey to determine the position of the NMP, carried out in April 2007, confirms their observations concerning the movement of the NMP and supports their thesis that reference field models can now accurately locate the magnetic poles.

We were able to observe at four locations all within approximately 100 kilometers of the estimated pole position. This small sample, plus one observation made in 2005, is sufficient to reveal that the position of the NMP on 29 April 2007 was 83.95°N, 121.02°W, with a positional uncertainty of approximately 40 kilometers (L.R. Newitt et al., manuscript in preparation, 2007). This is in close agreement with positions derived from recent spherical harmonic models that are based on satellite magnetic data. For example, the NMP position derived from the CHAOS model is within 35 kilometers of the observed position.