bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemicals, Nutritional and Elemental Composition of different plant parts of Rinorea oblongifolia (C.H Wright) C. Marquand ex Chipp
Authors: Ohunayo Adeniyi , Elekofehinti Olusola , Oladunmoye Muftau Kolawole , Onifade Anthony Kayode
Published: February 2025

Antioxidants are essential in managing chronic diseases by neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Rinorea oblongifolia, a medicinal plant, contains a rich profile of phytochemicals and minerals, adding to its therapeutic potential. This study provides a detailed analysis of the proximate, phytochemical, mineral, and antioxidant properties of its leaves, stems, and roots. The plant parts were collected, air-dried, and ground into powder for evaluation. Phytochemical screening detected alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids, with the highest concentrations in the leaves. Proximate analysis showed that the leaves had the highest moisture (9.17%), crude protein (9.91%), and carbohydrate (75.26%) contents, while roots had the highest ash (2.45%) and crude fat (4.61%). Mineral analysis showed that the roots were rich in iron, calcium, and copper, while leaves contained more potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) revealed significant free radical scavenging, especially in the leaves. These findings support oblongifolia’s potential for nutritional supplements and therapeutic uses, with further research needed to investigate mechanisms and standardize extraction protocols.
Diversity and Conservation Status of Large Mammals in Ghamot National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Jahangeer Muhammad , Muhammad Siddique , Shakeel Muhammad , Saleem Mir Muhammad , Usman Ali , Abid Hussain
Published: February 2025

We assessed the richness, diversity, composition of the large mammal community in Ghamot National Park (GNP), Neelum valley Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, and how these characteristics differed between four habitat types: forest, riparian zone, scrubland, and wetland, as well as between seasons. Across all locales with 66 line transect surveys (53km), indirect observation had the highest sampling (n=131; 76.60%) while direct observation had the lowest (n=40; 23.39). Fecal dropping was the most common type of indirect evidence (n=73; 55.72%), followed by foot prints (n=29; 9.94%) and dens/latrine (n=19; 14.50%). The Scrubland zone had the most indirect evidences (n=37) of any zone (elevation ranges between 2600-3600m).The forest zone (elevation ranges between 2700-3450m) had the second highest sampling (n=28), followed by the Alpine Zone (n=28), Riparian Zone (n=21), and Alpine Pasture Zone (n=16) (elevation 4000-4400m; habitat type high alpine pastures). By using direct and indirect field evidence, 14 species from 6 families were identified. Unfortunately, the number of species encountered directly was low in this study; four species (28.57%) were directly observed, including Canis aureus, Vulpes vulpes, Macaca mulatta, and Semnopithecus ajax, while the remaining ten (71.42%) were observed indirectly. Summer had the most direct and indirect observations (n=86; 50.29%), followed by winter (n=85; 49.70%). (4.28). Season had little effect on species richness, diversity, and composition across or within habitat types. However, the richness of species varied greatly across seasons among the four habitat types. The forest and riparian zone had the greatest similarity in species composition, both between and among seasons. Finally, our findings show that GNP has an essential influence in Pakistan mammal conservation. Our findings will provide as a baseline for park management to make effective conservation decisions, as well as a baseline for researchers conducting similar ecological studies.
The Emerging Trend of Detail-Oriented Leadership in the Age of AI at Work
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: February 2025

The article explores the emerging leadership approach of "detail-oriented leadership" as organizations increasingly integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into the workplace. While some predict the end of human management as AI replaces decision-making, the article argues that leadership will instead undergo transformation. Drawing on research, the article explains how detail-oriented leaders maintain close involvement in AI operations while empowering the technology, addressing technical issues and evolving human needs. Several industry examples demonstrate how detail-oriented leaders in customer service, healthcare, and manufacturing have cultivated technical fluency to optimize AI integration. The article concludes by proposing strategies organizations can adopt to develop this emerging competency set at scale, such as technical training programs and career pathways that reward detail orientation. As AI reshapes work, detail-oriented leadership offers a means for leaders to maintain authority and optimize new technologies to augment human capabilities.
Analisis Hukum Tindak Pidana Terhadap Lalu Lintas Yang Mengakibatkan Korban Jiwa
Authors: Yusuf Andi Herman , Amir Amir , Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas dan untuk mengetahui penerapan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pelanggaran lalu lintas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan mengakibatkan meninggal orang lain pada laka lantas di Barru serta mempengaruhi pelangaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak dibawah umur yaitu Faktor keluarga, Faktor pendidikan dan sekolah serta Faktor pergaulan atau Lingkungan Anak. Penerapan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pelanggaran lalu lintas yang dilakukan oleh anak dibawah umur yaitu Penanggulangan kejahatan secara preventif dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya atau timbulnya kejahatan pertama kali dan Upaya represif adalah suatu upaya penanggulangan kejahatan secara konsepsional yang ditempuh setelah terjadinya kejahatan.
EFFECTS OF TREFFINGER LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY ON GRAPHIC-RELATED CONCEPTS IN ECONOMICS
Authors: ERIC O. OLEABHIELE  , MAXWELL O. EDE  , CHRISTMAS, KASGAK DUNGRITDI  , GOTIP, NEHEMIAH WOKJI
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of Treffinger learning model on Senior Secondary School students’ self-efficacy on graphic-related concepts in Economics in Plateau State, Nigeria. The population of the study was 15, 554 Senior Secondary school II Economics. Simple random sampling techniques was used to sampled 183 SSS II Economics students comprising 92 in the experimental group (43 male and 49 female) and 93 in the control group (45 male and 48 female). The instrument that was used for collecting data was researchers-designed questionnaire. Mean score and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test all hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed there is a significant effect in the mean self-efficacy scores of students taught Graph related concepts in Economics using the Treffinger learning model those taught using the conventional lecture method, there is no significant effect in the mean self-efficacy scores of male and female students taught Graph related concepts in Economics using Treffinger learning model. The study recommended that educators should incorporate the Treffinger Learning Model into their teaching practices. These strategy foster higher levels of student engagement, which can positively influence students' interest in complex Economics concepts amongst several others.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BASIC SCIENCE CRITERION REFERENCED TEST FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MAIDUGURI METROPOLIS, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: MOHAMMED ALI  , FATI S.  ABANI  , ALI MBURZA
Published: February 2025

The study developed and validated Basic Science criterion referenced test for junior secondary school students based on: alpha reliability of the test, relationship between item's score and total scores of the test and items discrimination power of the test. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population for the study consists of all students of twenty junior secondary three in Maiduguri Metropolis that were purposively selected with a population of 6,950 students.  Out of 6,950 students, 362 male and female students were sampled using stratified sampling techniques. Basic Science Criterion Referenced Test (B-SCRT) was the instrument for Data collection. The study found that the Cronbach alpha reliability of the objectives and essay test were .97 and .90. The study also found a positive correlation coefficient of .14 to .73 for the relationship between item's score and total scores for item 1 to 60. The study further revealed a positive discrimination power of between 16 and 56% Based on the findings, it was concluded that, the constructed Basic Science criterion referenced test is highly consistent, positive relationship exists between item's scores and total scores. The study also found that, all the discrimination power of the test were appropriate. Based on the findings, it was recommended that: criterion referenced test with at least reliability index of 0.90 should be considered by test developers when developing reliable test to ensure the internal consistency of the test. Items of criterion referenced test with positive correlation between items scores and total scores should be developed by test developers to support the validity of the test. When developing objectives or essay, item of criterion referenced test by the test developers, there is need to develop items with positive discrimination power that could identify poor average and good performing test takers.
NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC AND TWO DECADES OF UNINTERRUPTED DEMOCRACY
Authors: AISHA MOHAMMED KUCICI  , ALI INUSA
Published: February 2025

Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, inaugurated in 1999, represents a pivotal chapter in the country’s democratic history, marking over two decades of uninterrupted democracy—a milestone that invites both celebration and critical reflection. While this period has seen progress in democratic consolidation, challenges such as corruption, governance inefficiencies, security crises, and socio-economic instability persist. This study adopts democratic consolidation theory to examine the successes and setbacks of Nigeria's Fourth Republic, focusing on the institutionalization of democratic practices and the quality of governance. Employing a content analysis methodology, the research evaluates narratives from political discourse, media coverage, and academic literature to assess the trajectory of Nigeria's democracy over the past two decades. Data were analyzed qualitatively to identify recurring themes and trends in democratic governance. A key finding reveals that while the Fourth Republic has fostered greater political stability and increased political participation, substantial reforms are required to address systemic issues, particularly in electoral processes. The study concludes that while Nigeria’s uninterrupted democracy is a notable achievement, its full potential remains unrealized due to persistent governance challenges. To strengthen democratic credibility, the study recommends comprehensive reforms in the electoral system. Specifically, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) should be granted greater autonomy, and measures to curb electoral fraud and violence must be prioritized. Ensuring free, fair, and transparent elections is essential to consolidating democratic gains and addressing public skepticism about governance, thus fostering a more robust and resilient democracy in Nigeria.
PRODUCTIVITY OF HABANERO PEPPER (Capsicum chinense l.) VARIETY TO VARYING LEVEL OF FARMYARD MANURE, WEED CONTROL AND INTRA ROW SPACING IN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH
Authors: A. Y. ABUBAKAR  , L. ALIYU  , D. I. ADEKPE  , M. A. MAHADI  , A. MA’AZU  , M. S. ABDULSALAM  , D.I ATOKU  , M. YUSUF  , F.R. NANKPAK  , A.V. MUHAMMAD
Published: February 2025

Field trials were conducted during the 2016 wet seasons at the experimental site of Kaduna Agricultural Development Agency (KADA) sub-station located in Maigana, Soba Local Government Area and the research farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) Ahmadu Bello University Zaria in the Northern Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria to assess the performance of Habanero pepper in response to farmyard manure, weed control method and intra-row spacing. The treatments consisted of three farm yard manure rates at (0, 10, and 15 t ha-1), six weed control treatments which include pre-transplant application of 1.5 and 2.0 kg a.i pendimethalin ha-1 and post-transplant application of 1.5 and 2.0 kg a.i pendimethalin ha-1, hoe weeding at 6, 9 and 12 WAT and weedy check and two intra-row spacing at 20 and 40 cm. A split-plot design was used in which a factorial combination of farmyard manure was assigned to the sub-plot while weed control method and intra-row spacing were assign to the main plot, the treatments were replicated three times. The results from the study revealed that 15 t ha-1 FYM produced higher crop vigour score, more number of leaves, number of fruit per plant,  fresh fruit weight per plant and fresh fruit yield per hectare while days to 50% flowering was significantly reduced compared to 10 t ha-1 FYM and the control. The hoe weeded control consistently gave significantly higher crop vigour score, more number of leaves, number of fruit per plant, fresh fruit weight per plant and fresh fruit yield per hectare while days to 50% flowering was significantly reduced compared to the application of 1.5 and 2.0 kg a.i ha-1 pendimethalin at pre transplant and post transplanting and weedy check. The weedy check cause significantly lower crop growth, yield and yield components compared to other treatments throughout the sampling period in both locations and seasons. The 40 cm intra row spacing significantly produced higher crop vigour score, crop growth and yield characters. The result obtained from this study revealed that 15 t ha-1 FYM, hoe weeding at 6, 9 and 12 WAT and 40cm intra row spacing resulted in highest fresh fruit yield and therefore can be adopted by the habanero pepper farmers in the Northern guinea savanna ecological zone.
RE-USABILITY STUDIES OF ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF SOME HEAVY METALS BY MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: HUSSAINI. M.S  , M.U. ABBA
Published: February 2025

The ecosystem and public health and safety may be at risk if untreated industrial wastewater effluent is released into the natural environment. The rate of water-borne illnesses is extremely concerning, according to records that are currently available from many health centers in most developing countries. Elevated physicochemical and biological  properties concentrations in industrial wastewater effluent have the potential to cause problems for the environment and public health (Dydo et al., 2005; Fujita et al., 2005). In light of this, treating wastewater effluent is crucial before releasing it into the environment. In light of this, wastewater effluent must be cleared of all biological and physico-chemical impurities before being released into the environment. The goal of this study is to compare the biological and physico-chemical characteristics of industrial wastewater effluent with the W.H.O. standard discharge limit. Furthermore, the study used a standard operating procedure and technology to remove the pollutants from the waste water by using magnetite nano-particles as an adsorbent. The aim of the study is to investigate the re-usability potential on the adsorptive removal of some heavy metals from Aqueous Solution by magnetite nanoparticles. The result shows the as the time progresses the removal percentage increases with decrease in the filtrations cycles across all the contaminants. The first cycle shows higher (p < 0.05) of efficiency of the contaminant removal with the last cycle having the least. The treated effluent was analyzed, and a substantial removal was achieved with 94.21%, 89.62%, 77.26%, and 74.39% at 250 minutes contact time, in the removal efficiencies of copper, zinc, turbidity and boron respectively.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BUILDING MAINTENANCE STRATEGY IN TERTIARY INSTITUTION
Authors: YUSUF, U. O  , OGBIYE, A. S  , WAZIRI, J. A  , AKANBI, T. Y
Published: February 2025

This research examines the structural condition and management of facilities used in the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) in Kaduna, Nigeria. A field assessment that utilizes the rebound hammer test integrated with the survey results of the students and working staff supported the evaluation of the concrete structures’ condition and the current maintenance systems. The research shows that there is a disparity of elements of concrete quality in different structures; however, some deserve consideration and retrofit. In the survey respondents which expressed general dissatisfaction with current practices of maintenance, and there is a need to conduct more frequent and effective maintenance inspections, increase the number of employees in the department, and improve the reporting systems. Based on the findings of the study, the recommendations advanced on AFIT building maintenance are; Implementing preventive maintenance programs and programs on quality assurance. Implementing modern maintenance tools and personnel training.The above extensive measures will help reduce the risks and guarantee the reliability and friendliness of all AFIT structures to foster a learning environment.
DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND HYPERINFLATION
Authors: SALAUDEEN ABDULRAUF ADEWALE
Published: February 2025

This study explores the relationship between digital currencies and hyperinflation, focusing on their potential to enhance financial inclusion and stability. The primary objectives include assessing the role of FinTech innovations in mitigating hyperinflation, evaluating the impact of digital currencies on financial inclusion, and identifying key challenges and opportunities for adopting digital currencies in hyperinflationary economies. A quantitative research methodology is employed, targeting Financial Technology (FinTech) Entrepreneurs registered with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) in Kano as of 2024. Utilizing Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) formula, a sample of 103 respondents is determined to be statistically significant for analysis. Convenience sampling is used to efficiently collect data from readily available participants, and online questionnaires facilitate broad data collection. The findings indicate that FinTech innovations significantly help mitigate the effects of hyperinflation, while digital currencies enhance access to financial services for unbanked populations. However, challenges such as regulatory barriers and technological infrastructure gaps hinder broader adoption. The study concludes that while digital currencies present promising solutions for financial stability, addressing these challenges is crucial. Recommendations include developing supportive regulatory frameworks, enhancing digital literacy, and investing in technological infrastructure to foster digital currency adoption. By implementing these strategies, stakeholders can harness the potential of digital currencies to improve financial inclusion and stability in hyperinflationary economies
PREVALENCE OF TYPHOID FEVER AMONG CITIZENS OF GOMBE STATE
Authors: AISHATU ABUBAKAR KUMO
Published: February 2025

Typhoid fever is one of the prevalence illnesses that bothers the lives of Gombe Citizens. It is one of the diseases that even lead to dead in some cases. Studies have shown how it mostly affects the developing world frequently.  This paper adopted a quantitative method of data collection and have found out some lapses of both the ruler and the ruled on typhoid fever in Gombe. This study have investigated the adoption and application of basic life rules and regulation that will help to enhance the wellbeing of the individual in Gombe state. Both the rulers and ruled have a collective responsibility in order to have harmonious life. It is the duty of the ruler to provide all the necessary amenities for the welfare of the subjects.  The ruler must maintain law and order, govern the nation, protects the people, provide resources and services and promote citizens’ rights and welfare.  While the subject are bound to obey the rules stipulated in all aspects of life. However, the result indicate a negligence attitude by both the subjects and the rulers. Thus, the research suggested an effort towards making a strong rules by the leaders to help the subjects adjust themselves and comply with the order, while the rulers adhere to discharge their duties towards the subjects as prescribed by Islamic legislations.
Le counseling de carrière groupal avec les élèves du secondaire : l’importance
d’analyser les processus d’apprentissage et de développement
Authors: Dupuis Audrey
Published: February 2025

Plusieurs programmes d’intervention en groupe ont été développés pour répondre à
diverses problématiques de santé mentale, y compris l’anxiété chez les jeunes, mais leur
évaluation ne permet pas de mettre en évidence les processus d’apprentissage et de
développement qui s’y déroulent. Cet article vise à éclairer ces processus par l’entremise
d’une étude de cas d’un groupe ayant participé à l’implantation du programme HORS-PISTE
Orientation. Les résultats soulignent les processus d’apprentissage et de développement
ayant cours dans le groupe. Sont ensuite présentées les conditions à réunir pour qu’un
groupe de counseling s’adressant aux jeunes du secondaire favorise les processus
d’apprentissage et de développement.
Barcelona, no te pongas tan guapa
Authors: Gozalo Salellas Ignasi
Published: February 2025

En un artículo previo, a raíz del éxito del film El 47, repasábamos el insuficiente trabajo que ha hecho el cine para explicar la ciudad de Barcelona en las últimas décadas. Este déficit se entiende, en parte, por la función que otras artes y técnicas visuales asumieron desde la Transición hasta hoy. Es el caso del vídeo y la televisión, en sus diferentes expresiones más o menos institucionalizadas, así como el de la fotografía en el ámbito más artístico. Aun así, fue el diseño –en un sentido integral: como disciplina comunicativa, como gremio y como sello de identidad– lo que realmente explicó Barcelona. Otra cosa es de qué forma y con qué espíritu crítico lo hizo.
Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity of Miniature Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Mouse Cortical Cultures Requires Neuronal Rab3A
Authors: Koesters Andrew G , Rich Mark M , Engisch Kathrin L
Published: February 2025

Following prolonged activity blockade, amplitudes of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) increase, a form of plasticity termed “homeostatic synaptic plasticity.” We previously showed that a presynaptic protein, the small GTPase Rab3A, is required for full expression of the increase in miniature endplate current amplitudes following prolonged blockade of action potential activity at the mouse neuromuscular junction in vivo (Wang et al., 2011), but it is unknown whether this form of Rab3A-dependent homeostatic plasticity shares any characteristics with central synapses. We show here that homeostatic synaptic plasticity of mEPSCs is impaired in mouse cortical neuron cultures prepared from Rab3A
-/-
and mutant mice expressing a single point mutation of Rab3A, Rab3A Earlybird mice. To determine if Rab3A is involved in the well-established homeostatic increase in postsynaptic AMPA-type receptors (AMPARs), we performed a series of experiments in which electrophysiological recordings of mEPSCs and confocal imaging of synaptic AMPAR immunofluorescence were assessed within the same cultures. We found that the increase in postsynaptic AMPAR levels was more variable than that of mEPSC amplitudes, suggesting other factors may contribute to the homeostatic increase in synaptic strength. Finally, we demonstrate that Rab3A is acting in neurons because only selective loss of Rab3A in neurons, not glia, disrupted the homeostatic increase in mEPSC amplitudes. This is the first demonstration that a protein thought to function presynaptically is required for homeostatic synaptic plasticity of quantal size.
ElectroPhysiomeGAN: Generation of Biophysical Neuron Model Parameters from Recorded Electrophysiological Responses
Authors: Kim Jimin , Peng Minxian , Chen Shuqi , Liu Qiang , Shlizerman Eli
Published: February 2025

Recent advances in connectomics, biophysics, and neuronal electrophysiology warrant modeling of neurons with further details in both network interaction and cellular dynamics. Such models may be referred to as ElectroPhysiome, as they incorporate the connectome and individual neuron electrophysiology to simulate neuronal activities. The nervous system of
C. elegans
is considered a viable framework for such ElectroPhysiome studies due to advances in connectomics of its somatic nervous system and electrophysiological recordings of neuron responses. In order to achieve a simulated ElectroPhysiome, the set of parameters involved in modeling individual neurons need to be estimated from electrophysiological recordings. Here, we address this challenge by developing a deep generative estimation method called ElectroPhysiomeGAN (EP-GAN), which once trained, can instantly generate parameters associated with the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model (HH-model) for multiple neurons with graded potential response. The method combines Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) architecture with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Encoder and can generate an extensive number of parameters (>170) given the neuron’s membrane potential responses and steady-state current profiles. We validate our method by estimating HH-model parameters for 200 synthetic neurons with graded membrane potential followed by 9 experimentally recorded neurons (where 6 of them newly recorded) in the nervous system of
C. elegans
. Comparison of EP-GAN with existing estimation methods shows EP-GAN advantage in the accuracy of estimated parameters and in the inference speed. The advantage is especially significant when a large number of parameters is being inferred. In addition the architecture of EP-GAN permits inference of parameters even when partial membrane potential and steady-state currents profile are given as inputs. EP-GAN is designed to leverage the generative capability of GAN to align with the dynamical structure of HH-model, and thus able to achieve such performance.
Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Nurse Case Management in Black and Hispanic Patients With Stroke
Authors: Ogedegbe Gbenga , Teresi Jeanne A. , Williams Stephen K. , Ogunlade Adebayo , Izeogu Chigozirim , Eimicke Joseph P. , Kong Jian , Silver Stephanie A. , Williams Olajide , Valsamis Helen , Law Susan , Levine Steven R. , Waddy Salina P. , Spruill Tanya M.
Published: June 2024

Importance

Black and Hispanic patients have high rates of recurrent stroke and uncontrolled hypertension in the US. The effectiveness of home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPTM) and telephonic nurse case management (NCM) among low-income Black and Hispanic patients with stroke is unknown.

Objective

To determine whether NCM plus HBPTM results in greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction at 12 months and lower rate of stroke recurrence at 24 months than HBPTM alone among Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Practice-based, multicenter, randomized clinical trial in 8 stroke centers and ambulatory practices in New York City. Black and Hispanic study participants were enrolled between April 18, 2014, and December 19, 2017, with a final follow-up visit on December 31, 2019.

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned to receive either HBPTM alone (12 home BP measurements/week for 12 months, with results transmitted to a clinician; n = 226) or NCM plus HBPTM (20 counseling calls over 12 months; n = 224).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were change in SBP at 12 months and rate of recurrent stroke at 24 months. Final statistical analyses were completed March 14, 2024.

Results

Among 450 participants who were enrolled and randomized (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [11.0] years; 51% were Black [n = 231]; 44% were women [n = 200]; 31% had ≥3 comorbid conditions [n = 137]; 72% had household income <$25 000/y [n = 234/324]), 358 (80%) completed the trial. Those in the NCM plus HBPTM group had a significantly greater SBP reduction than those in the HBPTM alone group at 12 months (−15.1 mm Hg [95% CI, −17.2 to −13.0] vs −5.8 mm Hg [95% CI, −7.9 to −3.7], respectively; P < .001). The between-group difference in SBP reduction at 12 months, adjusted for primary care physician clustering, was −8.1 mm Hg (95% CI, −11.2 to −5.0; P < .001) at 12 months. The rate of recurrent stroke was similar between both groups at 24 months (4.0% in the NCM plus HBPTM group vs 4.0% in the HBPTM alone group, P > .99).

Conclusions and Relevance

Among predominantly low-income Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension, addition of NCM to HBPTM led to greater SBP reduction than HBPTM alone. Additional studies are needed to understand the long-term clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and generalizability of NCM-enhanced telehealth programs among low-income Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with significant comorbidity.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02011685
Lymphoma With a Skin Rash
Authors: Singhal Abhinav , Sharma Aparna , Das Kalpa Jyoti
Published: June 2024

A 62-year-old female had a generalized vesiculobullous rash on her face for 4 months. It started over the lips and gradually progressed to involve the oral mucosa and skin of the whole body. What is your diagnosis?
Solvent‐Free Silsesquioxane Self‐Welding for 3D Printing Multi‐Refractive Index Glass Objects
Authors: Ye Piaoran , Hong Zhihan , Loy Douglas A. , Liang Rongguang
Published: June 2024

The growing interest in 3D printing of silica glass has spurred substantial research efforts. The prior work utilizing a liquid silica resin (LSR) demonstrated high printing accuracy and resolution. However, the resin's sensitivity to moisture posed limitations, restricting the printing environment. On the other hand, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)‐based materials offer excellent water stability and sinterless features. Yet, they suffer from relatively high shrinkage due to the presence of additional organic monomers. In this study, a polymeric silsesquioxane (PSQ) resin is presented with reduced shrinkage, enhanced moisture stability, and the retention of sinterless features, providing a promising solution for achieving high‐resolution 3D printing of glass objects. Leveraging the two‐photon polymerization (2PP) method, nanostructures are realized with feature sizes below 80 nm. Moreover, the tunability of the refractive index is demonstrated by incorporating zirconium moieties into the resin, facilitating the fabrication of glass micro‐optics with varying refractive indices. Importantly, the self‐welding capability observed between two individual components provides a flexible approach for producing micro‐optics with multiple components, each possessing distinct refractive indices. This research represents a significant advancement in the field of advanced glass manufacturing, paving the way for future applications in micro‐ and nano‐scale glass objects.
No relationship found between dental fluctuating asymmetry, birthweight, and birth term in two modern North American samples
Authors: McPherson Cait B. , O'Donnell Lexi , Moes Emily , Edgar Heather
Published: June 2024

Objective

Deciduous dental crowns primarily develop during gestation and early infancy and embody early life stress exposures. Composite measures of dental fluctuating asymmetry (DFA) generated from the deciduous teeth may therefore indicate cumulative gestational stress in developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) studies. This study examines whether higher composite measures of deciduous DFA are associated with low birthweight and prematurity, two aspects of birth phenotype consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality risks in adulthood.

Subjects and Methods

We evaluated associations between composite deciduous DFA, birthweight, and birth term in two contemporary North American samples: an autopsy sample from New Mexico (n = 94), and sample from a growth cohort study in Burlington, Ontario (n = 304). Dental metric data for each sample was collected from postmortem CT scans and dental casts, respectively. Composite DFA was estimated using buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) crown diameters from paired deciduous teeth.

Results

Contrary to expectations, the results of linear regression indicated no significant relationship between birthweight and DFA, or birth term and DFA, in either sample.

Conclusions

Deciduous DFA does not predict aspects of birth phenotype associated with gestational stress. Birthweight and birth term are plastic relative to the more developmentally stable deciduous dentition, which may only subtly embody early life stress. We suggest that deciduous DFA should be utilized with caution in DOHaD studies until its relationship with gestational stress is clarified.
A founder deletion in ECM1 of 1163 bp causes lipoid proteinosis in the southeast region of Turkiye
Authors: Taşdelen Elifcan , Sezer Abdullah , An Isa
Published: June 2024

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is an inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of hyaline‐like material in the skin, oral cavity, and larynx. The primary symptoms include hoarseness, restricted tongue movements, and various skin lesions. LP is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the ECM1 gene. We studied 20 patients from nine different families with LP, 19 of whom are from Şanlıurfa in the southeastern region of Turkiye. Overall, the clinical features of the patient cohort were consistent with those mentioned in the literature, except for one exhibited an atrophoderma vermiculatum‐like lesion, which is atypical for LP. The clinical exome sequencing analysis revealed three different homozygous variants in the ECM1 gene (NM_004425). While c.1246C>T p.(Arg416*) on Exon 8 and c.806G>A p.(Cys269Tyr) on Exon 7 were detected in 1 patient each, an intragenic deletion of 1163 base‐pairs including Exons 9 and 10 (c.1304 + 33_*300del) was identified in 18 patients from 7 unrelated families. The haplotype analysis of the deletion variant indicated a founder effect in the families from the Şanlıurfa province of Turkiye. Based on all this information, copy number variation analysis is recommended for patients with LP. In addition to this rare observation, this study represents the largest examination of the molecular spectrum of LP patients in Turkiye, alongside the clinical spectrum.
Tailoring the Degradation of Cyanoarene‐Based Photocatalysts for Enhanced Visible‐Light‐Driven Halogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Min Hyunji , Kwon Yonghwan , Shin Sukhyun , Choi Miseon , Mehra Manish Kumar , Jeon Woojin , Kwon Min Sang , Lee Chung Whan
Published: June 2024

We present the strategic design of donor‐acceptor cyanoarene‐based photocatalysts (PCs) aiming to augment beneficial PC degradation for halogen atom transfer (XAT)‐induced dehalogenation reactions. Our investigation reveals a competitive nature between the catalytic cycle and the degradation pathway, with the degradation becoming dominant, particularly for less activated alkyl halides. The degradation behavior of PCs significantly impacts the efficiency of the XAT process, leading to exploration into manipulating the degradation behavior in a desirable direction. Recognizing the variation in the nature and rate of PC degradation, as well as its influence on the reaction across the range of PC structures, we carefully engineered the PCs to develop a pre‐catalyst, named 3DP‐DCDP‐IPN. This pre‐catalyst undergoes rapid degradation into an active form, 3DP‐DCDP‐Me‐BN, exhibited an enhanced reducing ability in its radical anion form to induce better PC regeneration and consequently effectively catalyzes the XAT reaction, even with a challenging substrate.
Artificial Channels Based on Bottlebrush Polymers: Enhanced Ion Transport Through Polymer Topology Control
Authors: Lin Yangyang , Wu Bei , Zeng Yi , Yuan Haoxuan , Ji Changxing , Liu Ziqi , Sui Yan , Yin Tingting , Kong Xian , Zhu Yuting , Chen Jie , Lang Chao
Published: June 2024

Synthetic structures mimicking the transport function of natural ion channel proteins have a wide range of applications, including therapeutic treatments, separation membranes, sensing, and biotechnologies. However, the development of polymer‐based artificial channels has been hampered due to the limitation on available models. In this study, we demonstrate the great potential of bottlebrush polymers as accessible and versatile molecular scaffolds for developing efficient artificial ion channels. Adopting the bottlebrush configuration enhanced ion transport activity of the channels compared to their linear analogs. Matching the structure of lipid bilayers, the bottlebrush channel with a hydrophilic‐hydrophobic‐hydrophilic triblock architecture exhibited the highest activity among the series. Functionalized with urea groups, these channels displayed high anion selectivity. Additionally, we illustrated that the transport properties could be fine‐tuned by modifying the chemistry of ion binding sites. This work not only highlights the importance of polymer topology control in channel design, but also reveals the great potential for further developing bottlebrush channels with customized features and diverse functionalities.
Ir(triNHC)‐Catalyzed Upcycling of Waste PET for Lactic Acid Production with Sustainable Isolation via Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis
Authors: Lee Mi‐hyun , Kim Ji Hoon , Hwang Young Kyu , Jang Hye‐Young
Published: June 2024

For the upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET), encompassing both colored and fabric PET materials, we investigated the Ir(triNHC)‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of PET and methanol, leading to the production of sodium lactate with good yields. We proposed a sustainable method for isolating lactic acid from the catalytic reaction mixture of sodium lactate and regenerating the base using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). This isolation method demonstrated high effectiveness, achieving isolation of lactic acid while maintaining economic feasibility at $ 0.10 per kg of lactic acid, and enabling sustainable NaOH regeneration with complete resource circulation. We assessed the recyclability of the catalyst and elucidated the mechanism involving base‐mediated depolymerization and catalyst‐promoted dehydrogenation, highlighting the importance of triNHC ligands in enhancing catalytic activity.
Molecule Engineering of Sugar Derivatives as Electrolyte Additives for Deep‐Reversible Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Shi Min , Lei Chengjun , Wang Huijian , Jiang Pengjie , Xu Chen , Yang Wei , He Xin , Liang Xiao
Published: June 2024

The cycling performance of zinc‐ion batteries is greatly affected by dendrite formation and side reactions on zinc anode, particularly in scenarios involving high depth of discharge (DOD) and low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratios in full cells. Herein, drawing upon principles of host–guest interaction chemistry, we investigate the impact of molecular structure of electrolyte additives, specifically the −COOH and −OH groups, on the zinc negative electrode through molecular design. Our findings reveal that molecules containing these groups exhibit strong adsorption onto zinc anode surfaces and chelate with Zn2+, forming a H2O‐poor inner Helmholtz plane. This effectively suppresses side reactions and promotes dendrite‐free zinc deposition of exposed (002) facets, enhancing stability and reversibility of an average coulombic efficiency of 99.89 % with the introduction of Lactobionic acid (LA) additive. Under harsh conditions of 92 % DOD, Zn//Zn cells exhibit stable cycling at challenging current densities of 15 mA ⋅ cm−2. Even at a low N/P ratio of 1.3, Zn//NH4V4O10 full cells with LA electrolyte exhibit high‐capacity retention of 73 % after 300 cycles, significantly surpassing that of the blank electrolyte. Moreover, in a conversion type Zn//Br static battery with a high areal capacity (~5 mAh ⋅ cm−2), LA electrolyte sustains an improved cycling stability of 700 cycles.
Seed classification with random forest models
Authors: Reek Josephine Elena , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke , Perret Eléonore , Chin Alana R. O.
Published: June 2024

Premise

To improve forest conservation monitoring, we developed a protocol to automatically count and identify the seeds of plant species with minimal resource requirements, making the process more efficient and less dependent on human operators.

Methods and Results

Seeds from six North American conifer tree species were separated from leaf litter and imaged on a flatbed scanner. In the most successful species‐classification approach, an ImageJ macro automatically extracted measurements for random forest classification in the software R. The method allows for good classification accuracy, and the same process can be used to train the model on other species.

Conclusions

This protocol is an adaptable tool for efficient and consistent identification of seed species or potentially other objects. Automated seed classification is efficient and inexpensive, making it a practical solution that enhances the feasibility of large‐scale monitoring projects in conservation biology.
Hyper‐focus, sticky attention, and springy attention in young autistic children: Associations with sensory behaviors and cognitive ability
Authors: Dwyer Patrick , Sillas Andre , Prieto Melanie , Camp Emily , Nordahl Christine Wu , Rivera Susan M.
Published: June 2024

The autistic‐developed monotropism account suggests that atypical, domain‐general attentional hyper‐focus on interests is a central aspect of autism, but domain‐general attention differences in autism can manifest differently. Prior research suggests autistic children are often slow to disengage attention from stimuli—a pattern often called “sticky attention”—and that they can show reduced novelty preference. These attentional patterns could influence sensory experiences and learning. We used eye‐tracking to investigate novelty preference and “sticky attention” in young autistic children; we also examined whether attentional patterns were related to cognitive abilities and caregiver‐reported sensory responsiveness. A total of 46 autistic and 28 nonautistic participants, aged between 2 and 4 years, provided usable data. We found no evidence that autistic children exhibited greater “sticky attention” than nonautistics, but “sticky attention” in autism was associated with more caregiver‐reported sensory hyper‐responsiveness, seeking/interests, and enhanced perception. Autistic children also nonsignificantly trended toward exhibiting reduced novelty preference. Unexpectedly, the time‐course of this trending novelty preference difference implied it was not driven by reduced orienting to novelty, but increased returning to already‐familiarized stimuli: what we call “springy attention.” Exploratory analyses of data from the attentional disengagement task suggest autistic participants may have exhibited greater “springy attention,” though further research with paradigms optimized for measuring this construct should confirm this. Importantly, “springy attention” was robustly related to reduced cognitive abilities and greater caregiver‐reported hypo‐responsiveness. Thus, this study illuminates two distinct domain‐general attentional patterns, each with distinct correlates in young autistic children, which could have important implications for understanding autistic children's learning, development, and experiences.
Copper Deposited on Reduced Titania as Catalyst for the Production of CH4 from Sunlight and Air
Authors: Ali Shahzad , Kim Dongyun , Gong Eunhee , Lee Junho , Razzaq Abdul , Lei Juying , Kim Ki‐Jeong , Goddard William A. , In Su‐Il
Published: June 2024

Atmospheric CO2 and H2O adsorbed on the photocatalyst surface undergo sunlight‐assisted conversion to solar products that bridge the gaps between artificial and natural photosynthesis. Herein, we report a Lewis acid‐base interaction derived photocatalyst, Cu deposited on reduced titania, that harvests CO2 and H2O from the air and transforms them to CH4. Photocatalyst surface studies confirm that coordinately unsaturated Cu atoms and oxygen vacancies are formed that facilitate CO2 and H2O adsorption. The mechanistic studies, combined with tandem secondary ion mass spectroscopy and isotopic labelling, confirm the CH4 origin from atmosphere‐adsorbed CO2 and H2O. The contributing factors to photocatalyst instability are explored. We expect that this study will have an impact on the widespread application and economic viability of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Disulfide Bonds as Functional Tethers in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Moore Jennifer M. , Genna Douglas T.
Published: June 2024

The functionality of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is often encoded by specific chemical moieties found within these architectures. As such, new techniques to install increasingly more complex functionalities in MOFs are regularly being reported in the literature. One such functional group is the disulfide bond. The redox behavior of this covalent linkage renders MOFs responsive to stimuli, often under reducing conditions. Here, we review examples in which disulfide‐containing MOFs are deployed in applications including drug delivery, therapeutic ferroptosis, exfoliation, energy storage, sensing, and others.
Spectroscopic Manifestations of (Anti)Aromaticity in Oxidized and Reduced Porphyrin and Norcorrole
Authors: Bortolussi Stephen D. S. , Zhou Carmen , Lynch Nicholas B. , Peeks Martin D.
Published: June 2024

Aromaticity and antiaromaticity are foundational principes in organic chemistry, regularly invoked to explain stability, structure, and magnetic and electronic properties. There are ongoing challenges in assigning molecules as aromatic or antiaromatic using optical spectroscopy. Here we report spectroelectrochemical and computational analyses of porphyrin (18π neutral, aromatic) and norcorrole (16π neutral, antiaromatic), and their oxidized (16π porphyrin dication) and reduced (norcorrole 18π dianion) forms. Our results show that while the visible spectra are characteristic of (anti)aromaticity consistent with Hückel's rules, the IR spectra are much less informative, owing to the relative rigidity of norcorrole. The results have implications for the assignment of (anti)aromaticity in both ground‐state and time‐resolved spectra.
Pyrene Derivatives Containing Triphenylacrylonitrile as Aggregation Induced Emissive Mechanochromic Materials
Authors: Thomas K. R. Justin , Maurya Abhishek
Published: June 2024

Organic materials possessing multiple functional properties such as aggregation induced emission, mechanochromism and acidochromism are rare. In this paper we demonstrate the design of polyfunctional materials using the aggregation quenching chromophore, pyrene. The pyrene derivatives possessing 2,3,3‐triphenylacrylonitrile as aggregation induced emission chromophore and phenanthroimidazole or N‐phenylcarbazole as auxiliary electron‐rich chromophore are designed, synthesized by Suzuki coupling reactions and characterized as aggregation induced emissive mechanochromic materials. Though all the dyes exhibit aggregation induced emission, the dyes containing para‐linked 2,3,3‐triphenylacrylonitrile and auxiliary chromophore such as phenanthroimidazole or N‐phenylcarbazole display mechanochromism. Additionally, the phenanthroimidazole containing dyes show acidochromism attributable to the protonation of phenanthroimidazole moiety.