bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volost Clerks in Judicial Bureaucracy: The Myths and Reality of Post-Reform Russia
Authors: Popp Ivan
Published: April 2022

Historiography has formed polar assessments of the activity carried out by members of the system of local (volost) self-government in the post-reform period of the Russian Empire. Working within the paradigm of historical anthropology, the author tries to analyse the activity of volost clerks in court through the study of analytical reports made by governors about the system of peasant selfgovernment. The study focuses on previously unpublished confidential reports of governors to the ministers of Internal Affairs P. A. Valuev in 1863–1864 and D. A. Tolstoy in 1883–1884. Most of these documents are now kept in the funds of the local administration department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (1291) and the office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (1282) of the Russian State Historical Archive. Governors had a rather negative idea of volost clerks, attributing most of the problems of local government to the low quality of clerk personnel, who were prone to theft, bribery, and deceit. In the early 1860s, the governors dealt with difficult issues of administrating rural areas and offered promising “recipes” of modernisation of the whole system of peasant self-government and attracting young well-educated clerks to the service. However, two decades later, questions about the reorganisation of volost clerks disappeared from the reports, and nonobjective criticism dominated the secret messages of the governors, who seemed to be eager to delegate all such problems of self-government to the lower-ranking officials who worked directly in volost councils. Despite critical assessments, regional officials realised the significance of well-educated clerks who recorded court proceedings, which allowed peasants to appeal against sentences in a court of cassation. Volost justice, which occupied a special place in the system of the Russian jurisdiction, gradually uncovered the multifaceted world of traditional law, because it was Russian volost clerks who gradually, year after year, created one of the most important mass sources, the decisions of volost courts reflecting the course of court hearings. This fact facilitated the gradual incorporation of usual law post-reform institutions into the system of local judicial bodies, which worked in post-reform Russia based on positive law.
Vanka Kain in Russia’s Cultural Space: The Semiotics of Behaviour
Authors: Prikazchikova Elena
Published: April 2022

This article examines the main interpretations of the image of Vanka Kain (Ivan Osipov), the famous “thief and swindler” from the 1730s, based on documents of the Investigative Prikaz, decrees of the Senate, and the affairs of the Police Chancellery, as well as two works of art from the eighteenth century in which Vanka Сain acts as the main character. The article considers Ivan Osipov’s “autobiography”, allegedly written by himself and known as The Life and Adventures of the Russian Cartouche Called Kain (1777), and The Story of Vanka Kain the Swindler, a book by M. Komarov (1779). While the analysis of historical documents makes it possible to recreate the historical appearance of Vanka Kain, literary texts help us see the main interpretations of his image in accordance with the traditions of eighteenth-century folk culture and fiction, as well as the traditions of the emerging robbery novel, which created the conditions for the romanticisation of the image of the outlaw. As a result, the author singles out images of the “Russian Cartouche”, “daring good fellow”, “unfortunate”, and “fraud and thief” as personifying elements of the buffooning nature of folk culture through the system of robbery-related jokes. A special place in the characterisation of Vanka is occupied by the image of the “detective” and “Kain” (the image of the latter is visualised to a lesser extent in literary texts, but is well reflected in documents from the eighteenth century). The author of the article suggests supplementing the existing characteristics of the image of Vanka Kain with the image of the adventurer of the era of “palace coups”. The semiotics of his behaviour are inextricably linked with the historical and cultural situation of the 1730s–1740s, which allowed a former serf to temporarily become the actual “master” of Moscow in accordance with the instructions of the Senate, which were based on the decree of Empress Elizabeth.
Yakov Khrisanfovich Bakhmeotov, Commandant of the Northern Capital: Performance of Duty under Peter the Great
Authors: Nakishova Marina
Published: April 2022

Based on the analysis of office and private correspondence, this article examines the activity of Ya. Kh. Bakhmeotov, the St Petersburg commandant between 1717 and 1725. It is established that the commandant was aware of all aspects of the functioning of the St Petersburg fortress as a special military-administrative community. He commanded the garrison regiments (overseeing recruitment and staffing, providing necessary supplies, ammunition, and salaries, and taking care of education), carried out legal proceedings, supervised day-to-day operations, construction, and repair works. Bakhmeotov’s actions were aimed at maintaining the St Petersburg fortress and garrison in operational condition. Additionally, the author characterises the activities carried out by the commandant in the territory of St Petersburg. It is noted that Bakhmeotov performed duties related to the implementation of construction projects, providing security, organizing ceremonies and celebrations, and representing the authorities in the city administration system. Consequently, the author makes a conclusion about the multifunctional nature of the city’s commandant as a state institution, who held a strong position in the management system of St Petersburg. Finally, the article raises the question about the peculiar character of ties that brought together Bakhmeotov and other institutions. The study of these ties seems to be a promising line for further research.
The State Tobacco Trade in Russia during the Petrine Era: Kursk and Vyazma
Authors: Razdorsky Aleksey
Published: April 2022

Referring to two tobacco books stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts for Kursk (1720) and Vyazma (1725), the author examines the legal trade in tobacco in these cities. The article provides general information about the total legislative ban on tobacco trade in the seventeenth century and the measures taken in the 1690s to legalise the spread and use of tobacco. The history of the tobacco trade in Russia at the initial stage of its existence remains very poorly studied. The author emphasises the importance of tobacco books of the eighteenth century in the study of domestic tobacco trade. The article presents data on the quantitative and geographical composition of documents found in various funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, providing a detailed source characterisation of the Kursk and Vyazma tobacco books (including their volume, structure, and forms of individual articles). The author analyses the volume and turnover of the state-owned tobacco trade in Kursk and Vyazma, determines the assortment of tobacco products sold, traces seasonal fluctuations in the sale of tobacco, and makes conclusions about the amount of income received by the treasury. Additionally, the author carries out a comparative analysis of retail prices for tobacco sold in Kursk and Vyazma, demonstrating the dependence of this indicator on the distance from the main areas of wholesale purchases. Furthermore, he considers the manufacture of snuff, providing information on the ratio of smoking and snuff tobacco in the Russian tobacco market in different historical periods. Based on information about the number of the townspeople of Kursk and Vyazma according to the first revision of 1719 and data on the volume of state tobacco trade in these cities, an attempt is made to determine the level of tobacco consumption among the local population. The article provides information on the structure of state expenditures made over the year to ensure the tobacco trade in Vyazma and demonstrates the share of state tobacco profits in the general structure of state revenues (customs, liquor, etc.) in Kursk. Finally, the article provides information on the personnel and social status of the officials responsible for the receipt of state tobacco revenues in Kursk and Vyazma in the indicated years.
Regional Literary History: The Case of the Urals
Authors: Larionov Oleg
Published: April 2022

The review considers the two-volume collective monograph A History of Urals Literature. The Nineteenth Century, edited by Professor E. K. Sozina and published in 2020. This work aims to present a regional literary history that transcends the boundaries of a single national tradition and seeks to reconstruct the complex multicultural phenomenon of literary life in the nineteenth-century Urals. The volume’s chapters are dedicated to the life and works of authors who lived in the region or visited it, the ways the Urals has been represented in travel writings, the literary traditions of the Bashkirs, the Komi, and the Udmurts, and the institutional infrastructure of Urals literary life (theatres, libraries, publishing businesses, periodicals, and literary societies). The reviewer seeks to determine the main trends in the literary developments behind the multitude of facts gathered by the authors and to articulate these trends in terms of relevant theoretical approaches. A series of biographies spanning the whole century makes it possible to detect the gradual autonomization of the literary field (Pierre Bourdieu). Travelogues and representations of the imaginary geography of the Urals appear to have been connected to the colonization and symbolic appropriation of this region by the Russian Empire. The development of literary institutions is regarded as a part of the history of the Russian public sphere (Jürgen Habermas). The complex interactions between the literary traditions of colonized peoples and Russian colonizers are seen through the postcolonial concept of hybridity (Homi Bhabha). Despite certain drawbacks, the work under review makes it possible to see literary life of the nineteenth-century Russian Empire as a multinational, multiconfessional, and multilingual network of actors and texts beyond the boundaries of the Russian national canon.
Assessment of the Impact of Direct Taxes on Public Investment in Agriculture in Nigeria
Authors:   Covenant University Ota, Omodero C. O.
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the impact of direct taxes on agricultural funding. For this analysis, the petroleum profit tax, personal income tax, and corporate income tax were employed as direct taxes. These are the three largest direct taxes chosen for this analysis. Agricultural finance has long been a cause of concern, forcing the entire country to suffer from acute hunger as a result of unnecessary apathy. Furthermore, Nigeria now has a high degree of hunger index at 28.3, placing the country 103rd out of 116 countries in the 2021 Global Hunger Index record. This research considers all of these problems and aims to assess the extent to which direct taxes may alleviate the load by providing more direct tax revenues to agricultural enterprises. The evaluation is carried out by collecting secondary data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on chosen direct taxes and agricultural spending from the Central Bank of Nigeria's Statistical Bulletin. The study period runs from 2010 to 2020. The study used a multiple regression technique to present real evidence that all of the direct tax types analyzed had a minor impact on agricultural finance, with the exception of personal income tax, which has a positive and considerable impact on agricultural growth. This leads to the request that Nigerian tax rules be altered to allow for significant use of tax revenue for agricultural loans. The insignificance of petroleum profit tax and corporate income tax to agricultural funding necessitates more effective tax processes and a crackdown on malfeasance among tax authorities.
Stressful Factors of Sustainable Development of the Russian Coal Industry
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Chernova O. A.
Published: April 2022

Achieving sustainable development of the coal industry is of strategic importance for ensuring national security. The purpose of the article is to identify stress factors for the sustainable development of the coal industry associated with the current objective trends in the Russian and world economies. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that understanding the stress factors for the sustainable development of the coal industry makes it possible to form industrial policy directions to prevent the development or minimize the consequences of existing negative trends that weaken the industry's potential in the long term. The novelty of the study is expressed in the approach to the analysis of sustainable development factors, since most researchers do not separate risk factors and stress factors. When describing stress factors, the following groups were identified: financial, human, technological, political, and environmental. In the study of stress factors, a context-oriented approach was used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the main stress factors for the sustainable development of the Russian coal industry are associated not only with the implementation of decarbonization programs for world economies, but also with a number of intra-system problems in the development of the industry. Among the latter, the problems of reducing domestic consumption of coal, increasing freight rates for rail transportation, a high degree of import dependence of coal mining against the background of a low level of innovative potential of domestic engineering, the presence of personnel problems in coal mining, etc. The Russian government's Program 2035 does not take into account a number of stress factors caused by the current trends in the development of interconnected and related industries and areas of activity. Proceeding from this, measures aimed at increasing the sustainability of the development of the coal industry are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need to identify and assess stress factors in the formation of industrial policy directions. The practical results of the study can be used to develop measures to strengthen the long-term sustainability of the coal industry and the choice of tools to respond to risks provoked by stress factors.
Modelling of the Influence of Regional Determinants on Export Diversification in Russia
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Vasilyeva R. I. , Voitenkov V. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Urazbaeva A. R. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: April 2022

The dependence of Russian exports on hydrocarbon products negatively affects the country's economy due to the high volatility of oil and gas prices. The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of export diversification of Russia's regions and to determine the main determinants of export diversification. The hypothesis of the study is that in order to increase the number of exporters and the volume of international trade, the regions of Russia need to balance the structure of exports and actively develop small and medium-sized businesses. To identify regional determinants of export diversification in Russia, we use panel data for 83 entities of the Russian Federation for the period from 2001 to 2019. Within the analysis, we calculate the indicator of export diversification at the regional level using the Herfindahl and Theil indices and implement the quantile regression approach, which allows us to solve the heteroscedasticity problem and identify regions with high, medium, and low levels of export diversification. The study considers such regional characteristics as small and medium-sized businesses, the index of business potential and risk, the region's openness to international trade, the natural resources endowment, and also take into account the impact of sanctions imposed against Russia. The results of the study show that regions with the lowest level of export diversification have more opportunities to reduce the export concentration. The most significant factor contributing to export diversification is the number of small and medium enterprises in the region. At the same time, the analysis revealed that the vast majority of regional characteristics increase export concentration, for example, the extraction of natural resources, the import of technologies, the indicator of openness, risk and potential of companies. The results obtained complement the existing literature on export diversification in Russia and can be used to develop recommendations for improving government policy in terms of the reduction of oil and gas share in the overall exports structure.
Pulmonary Embolism in High-Risk Patients: How to Select Standard Imaging and Management Strategy?
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Dewi Firizkita , Halomoan Reynaldo
Published: April 2022

Objective: To describe the use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for diagnostic purposes and percutaneous catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT) as a treatment choice for high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients. Methods: This case report describes a case of an elderly female presented with dyspnea, cough, fever, and chest pain. No significant medical history was identified. Results: CTPA was conducted and showed multiple thrombus with significant stenosis in several branches of pulmonary artery. Initial anticoagulation was administered without delay. Patient then underwent PCDT to remove the thrombus. No post intervention symptom and systemic complications were noted. Conclusions: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography is useful as the standard imaging modality to help evaluating suspected pulmonary embolism. Percutaneous catheter-directed thrombolysis is indicated to treat high-risk patients with high risk of bleeding.
Association between Malnutrition Inflammation Score and Latent Tuberculosis among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Bandiara Ria , Sukesi Lilik , Indrasari Astried , Rakhimullah Alif Bagus , Afiatin  , Santoso Prayudi
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate the association of malnutrition with latent tuberculosis (TB) among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Hemodiaylisis Unit of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Subjects were patients aged >18 years who had undergone HD twice a week for at least three months. Patients suspected of active tuberculosis (TB), malignancy, or immunocompromised were excluded. Latent TB was diagnosed using the interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA). Malnutrition was defined by a malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) of less than 5. All data including age, sex, CKD etiologies, and laboratory findings were obtained and recorded in a case report form. Results: A total of 120 subjects were involved in this study. Subjects with positive, negative, and indeterminate IGRA results were 39.2%, 56.7%, and 4.2%, respectively. There was no significant differences in subjects characteristics between positive and negative IGRA subjects. The MIS>5 was shown to have no statistically significant association with positive IGRA subjects (OR=3.47, 95%CI 0.93–12.93). Conclusion: Malnutrition based on an MIS score of less than 5 is not statically associated, but clinically associated, with latent TB. Further causal inference study to investigate these associations is needed.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS: EM BUSCA DE UMA CARACTERIZAÇÃO E DEFINIÇÃO
Authors: Cunha Marcia Borin da , Omachi Nathalie Akie , Ritter Olga Maria Schimidt , Nascimento Jéssica Engel do , Marques Glessyan de Quadros , Lima Fernanda Oliveira
Published: April 2022

As metodologias ativas (MAs) tratam-se de um conjunto de alternativas pedagógicas que visam facilitar a aprendizagem dos estudantes e/ou proporcionar uma educação crítica e problematizadora da realidade, a partir do redirecionamento do estudante para o centro do processo de construção de conhecimento. Diante do exposto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica em artigos científicos sobre o tema “Metodologias Ativas”, os quais foram selecionados no Portal de periódicos da Capes. O intuito desse estudo foi apresentar uma caracterização geral das MAs identificadas na literatura, considerando uma análise sobre as definições de MAs utilizadas pelos autores, a identificação dos principais referenciais teóricos e epistemológicos empregados para fundamentar essas metodologias e, uma análise das diferentes metodologias consideradas na literatura como MAs. Nesse contexto, chegamos à uma definição de metodologias ativas, que faz parte deste artigo. Nossos resultados apontam que houve um crescimento nas pesquisas sobre MAs nos últimos anos, prevalecendo pesquisas na área da Saúde. Alguns artigos consideram teóricos consolidados para fundamentar seus trabalhos, como: Freire, Dewey, Piaget e Ausubel. Identificamos uma diversidade de metodologias ativas diferentes, ao todo 24 metodologias consideradas como ativas pelos autores presentes na nossa amostra. De modo geral, as metodologias ativas apresentam como característica em comum a ideia/definição de protagonismo do estudante e a educação numa perspectiva crítica.
Effect of concreting pressure on ground response caused by installation of diaphragm wall panels
Authors: Dong Yuepeng , Whittle Andrew J.
Published: April 2022

The ground response during diaphragm wall panel installation is strongly affected by the support slurry pressure, and by the subsequent lateral pressures during the tremie placement and set-up of wet concrete. The support slurry pressure can be reliably assumed as hydrostatic within the excavated trench, whereas the lateral concreting pressure is much more complex due to the stiffening effect of wet concrete. This paper reviews the measurements of wet concrete pressures from a series of instrumented diaphragm wall panels which show that lateral pressures in the concrete slurry increase as the tremie displaces bentonite slurry and reach a maximum condition about 1 h after placement, while conditions over the longer term closely approximate the hydrostatic pressure of the bentonite-filled trench. The maximum increase of pressure varies at different heights of the same trench, and also varies for two separate panels in the same project, reflecting the varying velocity of concreting. Model tests of concreting pressure on formwork also demonstrate that the lateral pressure reduces from hydrostatic wet concrete pressure a few hours after casting. A time-dependent lateral concreting pressure model is developed to represent these measurements more realistically. This proposed model is implemented into a finite-element program to investigate its effects on the ground response due to the concreting process. Computed results from a reference case can capture the progressive variations of ground movement, earth and pore water pressure in the soil adjacent to the trench during and shortly after the concreting process, which is consistent with the reported measurements.
Theoretical and experimental study on shear behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete deep beam
Authors: Ma Yudong , Ma Kaize , Liu Boquan
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes an analytical method for predicting the shear capacity of hybrid fibre-reinforced concrete (HFRC) deep beams based on the softened strut-and-tie model. Moreover, a test was conducted to evaluate the proposed method and further investigate the shear behaviour of HFRC deep beam. The shear and deformation capacities of HFRC deep beams increased with the steel fibre volume. The shear capacity also increased with the web reinforcement ratio; however, the deformation capacity first increased and then slightly decreased. The steel fibre volume slightly affected the HFRC deep beam stiffness, and the increase in web reinforcement ratio improved the stiffness retention. The strains in concrete and reinforcement in the HFRC deep beam were relieved by the increase in the steel fibre volume. Although the increase in the web reinforcement ratio reduced the strain in the HFRC deep beam reinforcement, it only slightly affected the strain in the concrete.
An Evidence-Based Approach To The Role Of Physiotherapy In ICU
Authors:   Intern, Bachelors in Physiotherapy [BPT], PDUNIPPD, 4 - Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Delhi [Affiliated to Delhi University], India., Gupta Saksham , Sharma Sheelu ,   Senior Physiotherapist, PDUNIPPD, 4 - Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Delhi [Affiliated to Delhi University], India.
Published: April 2022

Critical care is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of patients whose ailments are life-threatening and necessitate round-the-clock attention and monitoring, usually in intensive care units [ICUs]. In the ICU or for critically ill patients, physiotherapy is regarded as an indispensable intervention that prevents and mitigates the negative consequences of prolonged bed rest and mechanical ventilation. It uses a wide range of therapeutic strategies to encourage early mobilization and discharge. Minimizing functional decline due to prolonged immobilization requires early progressive physiotherapy. Early mobilization strategies in adjunct to chest physiotherapy are deemed to be safe and feasible. In developing nations like India, physiotherapists are still primarily responsible for preventing and managing pulmonary problems in ventilated and other critically ill patients. The purpose of this review article is to accentuate the role of a physiotherapist in the care of ICU patients, as well as existing research evidence pertaining to the physiological consequences and effectiveness of various physiotherapy approaches that can be safely administered to the patients early on for a better and faster recovery. KEY WORDS: Intensive care unit, Physiotherapy, Early mobilization strategies, Chest physiotherapy.
Efficacy of Core Muscle Strengthening in Women with Dysmenorrhea
Authors:   Physiotherapy student, Saveetha College Of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Science, Thandalam,  Chennai – 602 105, Tamilnadu, India., Sharma Simran , Augustina S. Jenifer ,   Assistant Professor, Saveetha College Of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute Of Medical And Technical Science, Thandalam,  Chennai – 602 105, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen and it is one of the most common complaints seen in women of reproductive age during menstruation. In Primary dysmenorrhea, the abdominal pain is not associated with any underlying pathology of the uterus and secondary dysmenorrhea is caused due to any pathology inside or outside the uterus. It can also lead to nausea, headache, fatigue and diarrhea. The aim of the study is to find the efficacy of core muscle strengthening in women with dysmenorrhea. Method: The samples were selected according to the inclusion criteria and sectioned into groups with convenience sampling technique. Group A (n=30) was prescribed with heating pad and lower abdominal massage in circular motions and Group B (n=30) with core muscle strengthening exercises. The exercise regimen should be followed for a period of 3 months, 4 days a week (except for the first two days of menstruation). The duration of the exercises was 40 minutes per day, with a brief period of warm up and cool down respectively. Results: Statistical Analysis was done for all collected data using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test and Paired t-test. The test shows a significant difference (p<0.01) between the Groups A & B. Group B showed improvement compared to Group A. Conclusion: The experimental study showed that strengthening abdominal muscles helps in reduction in intensity of pain or no pain at all and also improved the quality of life in women with dysmenorrhea. KEY WORDS: Core muscle, Dysmenorrhea, Exercises, Menstrual pain, Physiotherapy.
Effects of Untreated Textile Effluents on Groundwater near Kodda Gazipur Industrial Area in Bangladesh
Authors: Rio Faisal Fahad , Khandaker Nadim Reza , Ahmed Sadman
Published: April 2022

As a part of rapid expansion in the economy our RMG and textile industries are increasing at a high rate, but due to lacks in our environmental law and regulation, proper disposal of wastewater still remains questionable. Many factories still didn't implement ETPs many factories occupied ETPs but the use of it on regular basis is still dubious. So, it's pretty much hard to guess our groundwater is still safe from contamination. We select two zones one is effected zone and another was non-effected zone and compare their salt concentration and TDS level where the salt concentration is our decision parameter. As most of the textile dyes have a proportional relationship with the Salt level. We selected Kodda Gazipur is our effected zone. We do two-step analysis to make our research done first we do a GIS analysis to illustrate the spatial variation of TDS and Salt concentration for both affected and non-effected zones. Then we do statistical analysis to find out our hypothesis is statistically significant or not. As a result, we found a surprising outcome t(11) = 2.171, p = .053 which means the relationship between textile effluents and groundwater are statistically insignificant.
“New Religious Consciousness” as the Development of L.N. Tolstoy Main Idea of “Religion” – the Idea of Apostasy from Orthodoxy
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Malimonova Svetlana
Published: April 2022

The work is devoted to the study of the “new religious consciousness” from the point of view of religion, its comparison with other religious systems, and specifically with the religious and moral teachings of L.N. Tolstoy, with which the “new religious consciousness” has much in common. The teachings of L.N. Tolstoy were widely known, criticized by the Orthodox Church, and the figures of the “new religious consciousness” expressed a lot of critical opinions about the teachings of L.N. Tolstoy, they often refused to recognize him as an Orthodox. Nevertheless, they undertook the development of many of Tolstoy’s ideas, which later became the real basis of the “new religious consciousness”. Being in many aspects the development of L.N. Tolstoy teachings, the “new religious consciousness” criticizes “historical” Christianity, its dogmas, contains the ideas of a religious revolution, denies state power, autocracy, and also proposes to create a new religion, build the Kingdom of God on earth, etc. In addition, Tolstoyism and the “new religious consciousness” are also brought together by the fact that both Tolstoy and the figures of the “new religious consciousness” did not rely on Orthodoxy as such in their studies, because they could not even know it enough, because they did not have a systematic theological education, but their ideas were based on Gnosticism, Theosophy, Buddhism, paganism, etc. Therefore, it becomes possible to consider that the “new religious consciousness” not only has a lot of points of contact with the religious and moral teachings of L.N. Tolstoy, not only develops some of his ideas, but also follows the main idea of his “religion” - the idea of apostasy from Orthodoxy.
Algorithms and methods of data clustering in the analysis of information security event logs
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Sidorova Diana N. , Pivkin Evgeniy N. ,   Interregional Bank for Settlements of the Telecommunications and Postal Services, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Security event log files give an idea of the state of the information system and allow you to find anomalies in user behavior and cybersecurity incidents. The existing event logs (application, system, security event logs) and their division into certain types are considered. But automated analysis of security event log data is difficult because it contains a large amount of unstructured data that has been collected from various sources. Therefore, this article presents and describes the problem of analyzing information security event logs. And to solve this problem, new and not particularly studied methods and algorithms for data clustering were considered, such as Random forest (random forest), incremental clustering, IPLoM algorithm (Iterative Partitioning Log Mining - iterative analysis of the partitioning log). The Random forest algorithm creates decision trees for data samples, after which it is provided with a forecast for each sample, and the best solution is selected by voting. This method reduces overfitting by averaging the scores. The algorithm is also used in such types of problems as regression and classification. Incremental clustering defines clusters as groups of objects that belong to the same class or concept, which is a specific set of pairs. When clusters are defined, they can overlap, allowing for a degree of "fuzziness for samples" that lie at the boundaries of different clusters. The IPLoM algorithm uses the unique characteristics of log messages to iteratively partition the log, which helps to extract message types efficiently.
Моделирование переходных и установившихся периодических процессов в нелинейном индуктивном элементе электрической цепи с учетом магнитного гистерезиса
Authors: Подберезная И.Б. , Ткачев А.Н.
Published: April 2022

Рассмотрена задача моделирования переходных и установившихся периодических процессов в индуктивном элементе электрической цепи, в качестве которого выступает катушка индуктивности с магнитной системой, изготовленной из электротехнической стали. Анализ указанных динамических процессов выполнен с учетом магнитного гистерезиса. Актуальность проблемы определена тем, что цепные модели являются эффективным инструментом исследования электротехнических устройств и широко используются в практике их проектирования. Поэтому уточнение таких моделей за счет учета гистерезиса при задании характеристик индуктивных элементов, корректировки компонентных уравнений расширяет возможность их применения и повышает точность выполняемых расчетов. Для имитационного моделирования магнитного гистерезиса применена модель Джайлса-Атертона. Численное интегрирование дифференциального уравнения, описывающего динамические процессы в индуктивном элементе, выполнено явными и неявными методами, с использованием прогноза и коррекции: Эйлера, Рунге-Кутта и Гира 4-го порядка. Проведено сравнение разных методов и оценка точности приближенного решения. Численное моделирование выполнено в переходных режимах, а также при синусоидальной и несинусоидальной формах потока в магнитной системе и напряжения сети. Исследован характер переходных процессов при различных начальных состояниях материала ферромагнетика в магнитной системе. Результаты выполненных исследований будут полезны при совершенствовании инструментальных методов и моделей, используемых при проектировании электротехнических и электромеханических устройств.
Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of the European Union (EU): A Scale Development Study and Perceptions Levels
Authors: DİKMENLİ Yurdal
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to develop a scale to determine teacher candidates’ perceptions of the European Union (EU). A descriptive survey method was used in the study, and the study group consisted of 908 teacher candidates attending the Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Education in the fall semester of 2021-2022 academic year. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. The Perception Scale of the European Union comprised 20 items and three factors: anxiety, contribution, and culture was employed as the main research tool. The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated for the said scale as .746, which indicated scale reliability. Data were analyzed using percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation techniques. Additionally, t-test and ANOVA were performed to identify the differences between samples. The study results showed that the teacher candidates' anxiety levels for the European Union were high, and their perceptions of the “contribution” and “culture” factors were moderate. The analysis of perceptions of the EU and political literacy skills of the participants revealed a significant difference in the “contribution” factor but no significant difference in the “anxiety” and “culture” factors. According to the relationship between teachers’ perceptions of the EU and their cultural literacy skills, there was a significant difference in the “culture” factor but no significant difference appeared in the “anxiety” and “contribution” factors.
Medals, Barriers, Fathers, and Careers: Institutional Inertia and Transformation in the Russia Artistic World in the End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Safonova Maria
Published: April 2022

This paper employs quantitative historical-sociological analysis to describe the social background, professional practices, and achievements of Russian artists who participated in exhibitions in 1871–1917, starting with the first private exhibition of the “Peredvizhniki” society whose success stimulated the appearance of numerous artistic groups and associations. The biographies of three generations of painters are studied to check the hypotheses on the transition of the artistic world to the “institutionalization of anomie” (Bourdieu) and “singularity regime” (Heinich). The paper analyses how initial family resources and personal career investments influenced the chances of artists to receive recognition during their lifetime, and museum consecration after their death. The controls for the following parameters were included in the analysis are the class and status of an artist’s father, minority status, the membership of an artist’s father in the artistic milieu, gender, and lifetime recognition. The study shows that contrary to Heinich’s theses on the transition to the “singularity regime”, artists whose paintings are represented in the main Russian fine-art museums do not fit the image of non-recognized asocial mavericks. Lifetime official recognition, studying in leading Russian schools for the fine arts, lessons in foreign ateliers, and involvement in the organizational building significantly increases the chances of an artist to be present at the expositions of the most renowned Russian art museums. The study helps to understand the distinctive features of the youngest generation which produced the most important artistic innovation associated with Russia, the so-called Russian Avant-garde.
The Anatomy of Loyalty: Mechanisms for the Formation of an Electoral Super-Majority in the Ethnic Republics of Contemporary Russia
Authors: Shkel Stanislav , Scherbak Andrey , Tkacheva Tatiana
Published: April 2022

An invariable characteristic of Russian elections in the post-Soviet period is the relatively-high turnout and electoral support of incumbents demonstrated by many of the ethnic republics. The article is devoted to the study of the reasons for the relationship between the ethnic factor and the reproduction of political loyalty. Unlike most previous studies, the authors test existing theories on the basis of opinion polls data rather than official electoral statistics. This makes it possible to include the ethnic characteristics of voters at the individual level in the analysis, rather than regional or local levels. The statistical analysis is complemented by the study of qualitative data in the form of expert interviews and materials from three focus groups conducted in the villages of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan. The results obtained make it possible to assert that the political loyalty of the Russian republics is determined not by cultural specifics, but by the nature of the settlement structure. Ethnic republics include a relatively-high proportion of the agrarian population, a significant part of which is represented by ethnic minorities. This overlap of ethnic and rural segments determines the reproduction of the electoral super-majority. However, the nature of this phenomenon is explained not by the “patriarchal culture” of non-Russian ethnic groups, but by the institutional capabilities of the local administration to monitor and control the political behavior of rural voters. The study also made it possible to clarify the role of the ethnic factor in contemporary electoral processes, which also affects the reproduction of political loyalty not only to the heads of the republics, but also to non-ethnic federal political actors. However, its influence is also conditioned by the political and institutional characteristics of the ethnic republics, and not by the cultural characteristics of the titular ethnic groups.
Western blotting in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii v2
Authors: Vitor Molino João
Published: April 2022

This protocols describe the steps to perform a western blot in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell lysate and supernatant samples.
[RETRACTED] Keto ACV Gummies Canada v1
Authors: not provided ktoacvde
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

Keto ACV Gummies Canada
Creative Cognition and Emotions: A Stage Based Comparison v1
Authors: Kumar Mritunjay
Published: April 2022

A wealth of research indicates that emotions play an instrumental role in creative problem-solving. However, most of these studies have relied primarily on diary studies and self-report scales when measuring emotions during the creative processes. There has been a need to capture in-the-moment emotional experiences of individuals during the creative process using an automated emotion recognition tool. The experiment in this study examined the process-related difference between the creative problem solving (CPS) and simple problem solving (SPS) processes using protocol analysis and Markov’s chains. Further, this experiment introduced a novel method for measuring in-the-moment emotional experiences of individuals during the CPS and SPS processes using facial expressions and machine learning algorithms. The experiment described in this study employed 64 participants to solve different tasks while wearing camera-mounted headgear. Using retrospective analysis, the participants verbally reported their thoughts using video-stimulated recall. Our results indicate differences in the cognitive efforts spent at different stages during the CPS and SPS processes. We also found that most of the creative stages were associated with ambivalent emotions whereas the stage of block was associated with negative emotions. This protocol contains the supporting data and files that can be used to replicate this study.
Creating Differential Transcript Expression Results with DESeq2 v2
Authors: A Eccles David
Published: April 2022

Differential expression analysis of transcript count tables using DESeq2
[RETRACTED] KetoSlim Supreme Gummies Reviews: Negative Side Effects or Real KetoSlim Pills? (2022 Update) v1
Authors: not provided officialketoslim
Published: April 2022

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[RETRACTED] Vetocell Keto : It satisfies your appetite and Helps you Stay Hydrated! v1
Authors: Douglas Morris H
Published: April 2022

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Starches, which bargain fast energy when handled to sugar, make up a fair piece of the eating routine ingested. Individuals get past fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, an incapacitated gastrointestinal framework, and a lack of concentrate thusly. The body stores unsaturated fats as a resource.
[RETRACTED] TrimLab Keto Gummies Reviews - Is It Safe? Important Information Revealed v1
Authors: Keto Gummies TrimLab
Published: April 2022

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TrimLab Keto Gummies Reviews - Is It Safe? Important Information Revealed
[RETRACTED] TrimLab Keto Gummies Reviews - SCAM ALERT! Must Read Before You Buy! v1
Authors: Keto Gummies" "TrimLab
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

TrimLab Keto Gummies Reviews - SCAM ALERT! Must Read Before You Buy!
[RETRACTED] Read Must! KetoSlim Supreme Gummies Reviews- Real Or Hoax v1
Authors: not provided johnketossas
Published: April 2022

[RETRACTED]

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First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit using ProtoScript II Reverse Transcriptase (M0368) v3
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: April 2022

This protocol explains methods for the "First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit using ProtoScript II Reverse Transcriptase (M0368)".
Conversion of Classical Queuing Systems to Systems with Time Lag
Authors:   Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Samara, 443010, Russian Federation, V. N. Tarasov
Published: April 2022

The results of the classical queuing theory are used to model data transmission systems for various purposes, and the average delay of requests in the queue is used as the main characteristic for this. It is known that the average delay is directly proportional to the variances of random arrival and service intervals, which means its quadratic dependence on the coefficients of variation. Classical QS are applicable only in the case of fixed values of these coefficients of variation, which is a serious limitation. Unlike the classical theory, the article presents the results of research on QS described by the transformed distribution laws with a shift to the right. Such a transformation of the distribution laws with the introduction of a time shift parameter turns Markov QSs into non-Markov systems with delay. Spectral expansions and calculated formulas obtained on their basis for the average delay of requests in queue for sixteen QS with time lag are presented. These systems are obtained using four distribution laws used in queuing theory: exponential, hyperexponential, Erlang and hyper-Erlang. It has been theoretically and practically proven that in systems with time lag, the average delay is less than in classical systems. The resulting calculation formulas for the average delay expand and supplement the capabilities of classical systems. The spectral solutions allows you to calculate the average delay and its higher-order moments for these systems in mathematical packages for a wide range of flow parameters.