bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender‐based violence: Relevance for fisheries practitioners
Authors: Mangubhai Sangeeta , Barclay Kate M. , Lawless Sarah , Makhoul Natalie
Published: March 2023

Attention to human dimensions of capture fisheries involves understanding how harms and benefits are experienced and distributed among different groups or people. Yet, not all harms are well understood or adequately addressed. There is a general (mis)conception that gender‐based violence (GBV) is not of relevance for fisheries management or a topic within the remit of practitioners. Through a global review of capture fisheries, we illustrate how five types of GBV—physical, sexual, psychological, economic and cultural—are pervasive and can be reinforced by fisheries policies, practices and institutions. Our synthesis shows a variety of activities associated with these forms of violence, such as labour and human rights abuses, unsafe working and living conditions for children, women and men, and the cultural acceptance of various forms of discrimination. We argue GBV cannot be disentangled from other actions taken to achieve equitable social outcomes through fisheries management. We provide seven recommendations to help practitioners understand and work towards addressing GBV in capture fisheries: (1) removing gender blindness and bias by investing in gender‐sensitisation of the sector; (2) forming strategic partnerships; (3) improving policy and coordination between regulatory bodies; (4) increasing investments in labour rights and laws; (5) gender integrative programme design and implementation; (6) investing in specific programs for the empowerment of women; and (7) investing in specific programs for men seeking healthy models of masculinity.
Juvenile Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) foraging ecology varies with environmental conditions in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem
Authors: Nickels Catherine F. , Portner Elan J. , Snodgrass Owyn , Muhling Barbara , Dewar Heidi
Published: March 2023

Juvenile North Pacific Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) support commercial and recreational fisheries in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME), where they forage during summer and fall. The distributions of the commercial and recreational fisheries and estimates of forage availability have varied substantially over the past century. Time‐series quantifying Albacore diet can help link forage composition to variability in Albacore abundance and distribution and, consequently, their availability to fishers. Previous diet studies in the CCLME are of relatively short duration, and long‐term variability in Albacore diet remains poorly understood. We describe the diets of juvenile Albacore from three regions in the CCLME from 2007 to 2019 and use classification and regression tree analysis to explore environmental drivers of variability. Important prey include Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax), rockfishes (Sebastes spp.), Boreal Clubhook Squid (Onychoteuthis borealijaponica), euphausiids (Order: Euphausiidae), and amphipods (Order: Amphipoda), each contributing >5% mean proportional abundance. Most prey items were short lived species or young‐of‐the‐year smaller than 10 cm. Diet variability was related to environmental conditions over the first 6 months of the year (PDO, sea surface temperature, and NPGO) and conditions concurrent with Albacore capture (region and surface nitrate flux). We describe foraging flexibility over regional and annual scales associated with these environmental influences. Continuous, long‐term studies offer the opportunity to identify flexibility in Albacore foraging behavior and begin to make a predictive link between environmental conditions early in the year and Albacore foraging during summer and fall.
Technology licensing and collusion
Authors: Sen Neelanjan , Minocha Priyansh , Dutta Arghya
Published: March 2023

This paper considers the possibility of technology licensing via fixed‐fee, royalty or two‐part tariff and tacit collusion between firms that produce homogeneous goods under asymmetric cost structures and compete in quantities. In contrast to Lin (1996), all forms of licensing facilitate (obstruct) collusion, if the initial cost difference between the firms is relatively less (more). Technology will always be licensed, and the optimal form of licensing is either fixed‐fee or royalty or two‐part tariff, but collusion may or may not be possible post‐licensing. Welfare decreases after licensing if the firms collude only after licensing but not collude under no‐licensing.
The effect of date seed powder supplementation on glycaemic markers and lipid profile in women with overweight and obesity: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hashemzadeh Maral , Shojaei‐Zarghani Sara , Heidarian Miri Hamid , Kazemi Asma
Published: March 2023

This randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the effect of date kernel on glycaemic control, lipid profile, and weight in women with overweight and obesity. A total of 124 women with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to receive the date kernel supplement or placebo for 12 weeks. Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography and fasting plasma glucose and lipid profiles by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. In all, 98 subjects aged 40.7 years completed the trial (48 in the date kernel group and 50 in the placebo group). After 12 weeks, date kernel supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in HbA1c [mean (SD): −0.45 (0.36)] and fasting plasma glucose compared to the placebo [−0.16 (0.27)]. No significant change was observed in the lipid profiles of the total participants. However, date kernel decreased cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in hypercholesterolaemic and hypertriglyceridaemic participants compared to the placebo. Date kernel improved glycaemic markers in overweight or obese women compared with the placebo. Furthermore, a significant reduction in total cholesterol and TG was observed only in hyperlipidaemic subjects. Date seed is a source of valuable components, including dietary fibre and bioactive compounds, that could provide economic, nutritional, and health benefits to the nutraceutical and food industries.
Action collective, action de mouvement social: la contribution du syndicalisme à la liberté au travail dans un exemple néo‐zélandais
Authors: PARKER Jane , ALAKAVUKLAR Ozan
Published: March 2023

Les syndicats peuvent contribuer à la liberté au travail par une action collective axée sur l'intérêt des membres, mais aussi en nouant des partenariats avec d'autres acteurs de la société civile, dans le cadre d'un mouvement social. Pour traiter ce dernier aspect, encore peu documenté, les auteurs s'appuient sur les définitions de la liberté de Berlin (1988) et MacCallum (1967) puis sur la théorie de la démocratie radicale de Laclau et Mouffe (2019). Ils illustrent leur propos par une étude de cas portant sur les stratégies déployées par des syndicats néozélandais en vue d'accompagner l'action officielle pour une transition juste face au défi climatique.
Human fetal T cells: Insights into developmental specialization and mechanisms of lineage transition
Authors: Burt Trevor D. , McCune Joseph M.
Published: March 2023

The switch from primitive to definitive hematopoiesis occurs early in development through the emergence of a wave of definitive hematopoietic stem cells from intraembryonic sites, supplanting the original primitive population of extraembryonically derived stem cells. When it became clear that unique features of the fetal immune system could not be reproduced by adult stem cells, it was hypothesized that a lineage of definitive fetal hematopoietic stem cells predominates antenatally, ultimately giving way to an emerging wave of adult stem cells and resulting in a “layered” fetal immune system consisting of overlapping lineages. It is now clear, however, that the transition from human fetal‐to‐adult T cell identity and function does not occur due to a binary switch between distinct fetal and adult lineages. Rather, recent evidence from single cell analysis suggests that during the latter half of fetal development a gradual, progressive transition occurs at the level of hematopoietic stem‐progenitor cells (HSPCs) which is reflected in their T cell progeny. At a transcriptional level, clusters of genes are up‐ and down‐regulated with sequenced timing, suggesting that the transition is under the control of master regulatory factors, including epigenetic modifiers. The net effect is still one of “molecular layering,” that is, the continuous layering of iterative generations of HSPCs and T cells that arise through progressive changes in gene expression. This review will focus on recent discoveries that elucidate mechanisms of fetal T cell function and the transition from fetal to adult identity. The epigenetic landscape of fetal T cells facilitates their ability to fulfill the dominant fetal mandate of generating tolerance against self, maternal, and environmental antigens by supporting their predisposition to differentiate into CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (TRegs). We will explore how the coordinated development of two complementary populations of fetal T cells—conventional T cells dominated by TRegs and tissue‐associated memory effector cells with innate‐like inflammatory potential—is crucial not only for maintaining intrauterine immune quiescence but also for facilitating an immune response that is appropriately tuned for the bombardment of antigen stimulation that happens at birth.
Defensive‐lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity
Authors: Safi Rémi , Sánchez‐Álvarez Miguel , Bosch Marta , Demangel Caroline , Parton Robert G. , Pol Albert
Published: March 2023

Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they “hijack” LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein‐mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic “Achilles’ heel” of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front‐line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the ‘defensive‐LDs’ functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
Understanding developmental cascades and experience: Diversity matters
Authors: Oakes Lisa M.
Published: March 2023

This Presidential Address is aimed at considering how infant development can be understood in terms of developmental cascades. Adopting a developmental cascades approach may be especially useful for understanding development in infancy, when changes occur in multiple domains over relatively short time spans. Thinking about change in terms of developmental cascades highlights the role of the input in development, both in terms of how the input changes with development and in terms of how differences in the input lead to different developmental pathways. I reflect on how a developmental cascade perspective can help us understand the role of input and how development builds as the emergence and refinement of abilities changes the input and shapes the developmental pathways. Further, I emphasize that infants develop despite differences in the input, and that when studying infant development we should seriously consider the diversity of experience that infants encounter and how differences in experience (and input) shape the developmental cascade.
Surveillance of endemic coronaviruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran, 2021–2022
Authors: Karami Hassan , Sadeghi Kaveh , Zadheidar Sevrin , Saadatmand Fatemeh , Mirsalehi Negar , Ardestani Nima Hoveidi , Kalantari Shirin , Farahmand Mohammad , Yavarian Jila , Mokhtari‐Azad Talat
Published: March 2023

Background

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) 229E, OC43, HKU1, and NL63 are common viruses that continuously circulate in the human population. Previous studies showed the circulation of HCoVs during the cold months in Iran. We studied the circulation of HCoVs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic to find the impact of pandemic on the circulation of these viruses.

Methods

As a cross‐sectional survey conducted during 2021 to 2022, of all throat swabs sent to Iran National Influenza Center from patients with severe acute respiratory infection, 590 samples were selected to test for HCoVs using one‐step real‐time RT‐PCR.

Results

Overall, 28 out of 590 (4.7%) tested samples were found to be positive for at least one HCoVs. HCoV‐OC43 was the most common (14/590 or 2.4%), followed by HCoV‐HKU1 (12/590 or 2%) and HCoV‐229E (4/590 or 0.6%), while HCoV‐NL63 was not detected. HCoVs were detected in patients of all ages and throughout the study period with peaks in the cold months of the year.

Conclusions

Our multicenter survey provides insight into the low circulation of HCoVs during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran in 2021/2022. Hygiene habits and social distancing measures might have important role in decreasing of HCoVs transmission. We believe that surveillance studies are needed to track the pattern of HCoVs distributions and detect changes in the epidemiology of such viruses to set out strategies in order to timely control the future outbreaks of HCoVs throughout the nation.
Temperature‐induced magnetic compensation and negative magnetization in a cluster spin glass Gd2Co0.5Mn1.5O6 system
Authors: Li Canglong , Yang Wenqian , Zheng Shuangshuang , Barasa Godfrey Okumu , Wang Pei , Zhou Kexin , Bai Chunxu
Published: March 2023

Experiments for orthorhombic double perovskite Gd2Co0.5Mn1.5O6 revealed intrinsic effects of magnetic compensation characterized by M(Tcomp) = 0 at Tcomp = 20 K and negative magnetization depicted by M(T) < 0 under positive magnetic fields, which were experimentally investigated by different protocols of direct current magnetization measurements. Compared to Gd2CoMnO6, the excessive ratio of Mn in Gd2Co0.5Mn1.5O6 promotes the antisite disorder and preferably generates magnetic clusters owing to the intrinsic inhomogeneity. The clusters exhibit spin glass (SG) properties as demonstrated by alternating current susceptibility and aging measurements. A possible physical mechanism for evolution of the spin configuration with temperature is proposed. The effects of magnetic compensation and negative magnetization are attributed to the negative exchange coupling among the abundant ferromagnetic clusters. The additional pinning force provided by the cluster SG is an essential factor to prevent the flipping of the spins from aligning with the applied magnetic field.
Effect of the Diabetic Nephropathy Aggravation Prevention Program on medical visit behavior in individuals under the municipal national health insurance
Authors: Ikeda Asuka , Fujii Makoto , Ohno Yuko , Godai Kayo , Li Yaya , Nakamura Yuko , Yabe Daisuke , Tsushita Kazuyo , Kashihara Naoki , Kamide Kei , Kabayama Mai
Published: March 2023

Aims/Introduction

We aimed to clarify the effectiveness of the Diabetic Nephropathy Aggravation Prevention Program in Japan by comparing the diabetes‐related medical visit behavior of individuals under the municipal national health insurance according to insurers' effort levels.

Materials and Methods

We assessed changes in medical visit behavior according to insurers' effort levels, “Full Efforts,” “Some Efforts” and “No Effort,” using longitudinal data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups before 2015 and after 2018 regarding the national health insurance programs in Japan. We analyzed the effect of the Diabetic Nephropathy Aggravation Prevention Program using a generalized linear mixed model for 208,388 participants with diabetes.

Results

The additive effect on medical visit behavior was significantly higher for insurers with “Full Efforts” than for those with “No Effort;” the coefficient (log odds ratio) was 0.159 (95% confidence interval 0.063–0.256). The additive effects on medical visit behavior sizes for the people with hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0%, positive urinary protein and systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg were 0.508, 0.402 and 0.232, respectively, which were larger than the overall effect size (0.159) for insurers with “Full Efforts.”

Conclusions

Our findings showed that insurer efforts had an additive effect on the increase in the number of medical visits, suggesting that this national program could reduce the number of end‐stage renal failures or dialysis in Japan.
Genomic convergence underlying high‐altitude adaptation in alpine plants
Authors: Zhang Xu , Kuang Tianhui , Dong Wenlin , Qian Zhihao , Zhang Huajie , Landis Jacob B. , Feng Tao , Li Lijuan , Sun Yanxia , Huang Jinling , Deng Tao , Wang Hengchang , Sun Hang
Published: March 2023

Evolutionary convergence is one of the most striking examples of adaptation driven by natural selection. However, genomic evidence for convergent adaptation to extreme environments remains scarce. Here, we assembled reference genomes of two alpine plants,Saussurea obvallata(Asteraceae) andRheum alexandrae(Polygonaceae), with 37,938 and 61,463 annotated protein‐coding genes. By integrating an additional five alpine genomes, we elucidated genomic convergence underlying high‐altitude adaptation in alpine plants. Our results detected convergent contractions of disease‐resistance genes in alpine genomes, which might be an energy‐saving strategy for surviving in hostile environments with only a few pathogens present. We identified signatures of positive selection on a set of genes involved in reproduction and respiration (e.g.,MMD1, NBS1, andHPR), and revealed signatures of molecular convergence on genes involved in self‐incompatibility, cell wall modification, DNA repair and stress resistance, which may underlie adaptation to extreme cold, high ultraviolet radiation and hypoxia environments. Incorporating transcriptomic data, we further demonstrated that genes associated with cuticular wax and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways exhibit higher expression levels in leafy bracts, shedding light on the genetic mechanisms of the adaptive “greenhouse” morphology. Our integrative data provide novel insights into convergent evolution at a high‐taxonomic level, aiding in a deep understanding of genetic adaptation to complex environments.
Patient‐reported motor chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy impacts function in advanced colorectal cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Fen , Chan Ya‐Ning , Wu Chih‐Jung , Yen Li‐Yu , Chang Yu‐Chi , Wang Ya‐Jung
Published: March 2023

Aims

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy limits cancer survivors' compliance with chemotherapy and impaired function. This study aimed to examine separate impacts of clinician‐assessed, patient‐reported sensory and motor chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy on physical/role function and functional interference in advanced colorectal cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, correlational design utilizing convenience sampling enrolled 75 stage III or IV colorectal cancer adults undergoing chemotherapy. Participants filled out the Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire, Identification Pain Questionnaire, and Peripheral Neuropathy Scale. Then, a trained research nurse conducted a brief neurological assessment using the Total Neuropathy Scale ‐ clinical version.

Results

The prevalence of sensory and motor chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy was from 34.7% to 54.7% and from 16.0% to 17.3%, respectively. Further, 20% of participants suffered from neuropathic pain. A low correlation between clinician‐assessed and patient‐reported chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy was detected. The function was significantly impacted by patient‐reported motor chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusions

This study was superior in utilizing the brief and valid patient‐reported and clinician‐assessed tools to measure sensory and motor chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, the identification of patient‐reported motor symptoms has the largest influence on function in advanced colorectal cancer survivors. Nurses may use the brief and easily administered tools in clinical settings for effective screening and early detection of motor and sensory chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy to prevent functional decline in advanced colorectal cancer survivors. However, this study was still limited because of the cross‐sectional design, small sample size, sample heterogeneity, and recruiting participants from only one medical center.
Impact of standardized nursing terminologies on patient and organizational outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bertocchi Luca , Dante Angelo , La Cerra Carmen , Masotta Vittorio , Marcotullio Alessia , Jones Dorothy , Petrucci Cristina , Lancia Loreto
Published: March 2023

Aims

To explore the impact of 12 American Nurses Association recognized standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs) on patient and organizational outcomes.

Background

Previous studies reported an effect of SNTs on outcomes, but no previous frameworks nor meta‐analyses were found.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analyses.

Review Methods

PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and OpenGrey databases were last consulted in July 2021. All abstracts and full texts were screened independently by two researchers. The review included primary quantitative studies that reported an association between recognized SNTs and outcomes. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and certainty of evidence for each meta‐analyzed outcome using the “Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation” (GRADE) approach.

Results

Fifty‐three reports were included. NANDA‐NIC‐NOC and Omaha System were the most frequently reported SNTs used in the studies. Risk of bias in randomized controlled trials and not‐randomized controlled trials ranged from high to unclear, this risk was low in cross‐sectional studies. The number of nursing diagnoses NANDA‐I moderately correlated with the intensive care unit length of stay (r = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.31–0.44). Using the Omaha System nurse‐led transitional care program showed a large increase in both knowledge (d = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.97–1.44) and self‐efficacy (d = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.97–1.48), while a reduction on the readmission rate (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.09–0.83). Nursing diagnoses were found to be useful predictors for organizational (length of stay) and patients' outcomes (mortality, quality of life). The GRADE indicated that the certainty of evidence was rated from very low to low.

Conclusions

Studies using SNTs demonstrated significant improvement and prediction power in several patients' and organizational outcomes. Further high‐quality research is required to increase the certainty of evidence of these relationships.

Clinical relevance

SNTs should be considered by healthcare policymakers to improve nursing care and as essential reporting data about patient's nursing complexity to guide reimbursement criteria.
Neuropsychological evaluation of phenoconversion risk in REM sleep behaviour disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Fiamingo Giuseppe , Capittini Cristina , De Silvestri Annalisa , Rebuffi Chiara , Cerami Chiara , Arnaldi Dario , Terzaghi Michele
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the role of cognitive evaluation in the prediction of phenoconversion in polysomnography‐confirmed idiopathic or isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, through a scoping review focussing on a longitudinal comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. A literature search (2006–2022) yielded 1034 records, and 20 were selected for analysis. The sample included 899 patients from eight different cohorts and five countries. We extracted data on clinical evolution, mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, neuropsychological tests used, and classification of cognitive domains. Tests, cognitive domains, and mild cognitive impairment definitions were heterogeneous across the studies, precluding a meta‐analysis. Ten studies (50%) evaluated the presence of mild cognitive impairment; 14 studies (70%) grouped neuropsychological tests into between three (6 studies, 21.4%) and seven (1 study, 7.1%) cognitive domains. The most frequently used tests were semantic fluency, Stroop colour word test, trail making test A and B, digit span, Rey auditory verbal learning test, and Rey‐Osterrieth figure. All except digit span showed a role in predicting phenoconversion. The authors did not consistently assign tests to specific cognitive domains. In conclusion, we discuss methodological differences between the studies and highlight the need for a standardised framework for neuropsychological data acquisition and presentation, based on a multilevel approach covering test selection, domain assignment, and mild cognitive impairment diagnostic criteria.
Predicting the deterrence effect of tax audits. A machine learning approach
Authors: Rabasco Michele , Battiston Pietro
Published: March 2023

We apply machine learning methods to the prediction of deterrence effects of tax audits. Based on tax declarations data, we predict the increase in future income declarations after being targeted by an audit. We find that flexible models, such as classification trees and ensemble methods based on them, outperform penalized linear models such as Lasso and ridge regression in predicting taxpayers more likely to increase their declarations after an audit. We show that despite the non‐randomness of audits, their specific time structure and the distribution of changes in declared amounts suggest a causal interpretation of our results; that is, our approach detects a heterogeneity in the reaction to a tax audit, rather than just forecasting an unconditional future increase. We find that taxpayers identified by our model will on average increase their declared income by €14,461—the average among all audited taxpayers being €−205. Our approach allows the tax agency to yield significantly larger revenues by appropriately targeting tax audit.
Assessing the effect of real estate market and renewable energy on environmental quality in Belgium
Authors: Samour Ahmed , Onwe Joshua Chukwuma , Inuwa Nasiru , Imran Muhammad , Ifelunini Innocent Abanum , Fulu Obonetse
Published: March 2023

The current research aims to study the influence of the real estate market and renewable energy on ecological quality in Belgium from 1990 to 2018. The recent study is quite different from the previous empirical literature on environmental quality; it introduces a new discourse on the determinant of environmental quality followed by Belgium's real estate market. This work employed a more robust and advanced econometric technique, that is, the ARDL bootstrap method, to estimate the relationship between the study variables. The empirical findings from the ARDL stimulation revealed that real estate negatively impacts environmental quality in Belgium in the short and long‐run periods. The policy implications emanating from the findings suggest that the real estate sector can significantly promote environmental quality by adopting and using renewable energy in construction, design, and buildings. Subsequently, this will reduce waste, energy and carbon emissions within the environment and prioritise using safer and sustainable green‐enabled material for real estate development. Again to ensure regulation in the real estate market so that tax revenue generated through real estate would be channelled towards building clean and smart cities, also, ecological and regulatory control should be enforced in the real estate market to foresee the possible reduction in environmental pollution through pollution, this measure will guarantee a green real estate investment that will lead to a sustained environment.
Perioperative intravenous clindamycin anaphylaxis following cutaneous acne gel sensitization
Authors: Miggins John James , Miggins Gabriella , Duke Penelope
Published: March 2023

We describe perioperative anaphylaxis following intravenous clindamycin in two healthy adolescent patients with prior transcutaneous clindamycin sensitization. Prior to their third molar extractions, both patients were only previously exposed to clindamycin via topical acne gels, which primed their immune system for the observed response. Cognizance of the classic signs of anaphylaxis is paramount so that any procedure or infusion can be halted immediately, and the condition treated appropriately. We anticipate the frequency of such reactions to increase, particularly among adolescents, given the frequency of clindamycin use in oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, the prevalence of third molar extractions among the paediatric population, and the widespread topical antibiotic use in acne treatments that can sensitize the immune system for anaphylaxis upon internal antigen reintroduction.
A severe manifestation of extensive multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease) and the role of CO2 laser as a treatment modality: A case report
Authors: Darkazali Raneem , Almulke Shahed Alhayat , Alkari Sara , Aljoujou Abeer A. , Hamadah Omar
Published: March 2023

Heck's disease or multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH) is an uncommon asymptomatic contagious oral condition, usually attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It manifests as several smooth papules and nodules in the oral mucosa. The disease has a good prognosis, as it is spontaneously regressing, but some cases persist and affect the quality of the patient's life, requiring therapeutic intervention. We present an unusual case of extensive multifocal epithelial hyperplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported with this severity and widespreadness of the lesions. A 14‐ year‐old girl was referred to the department of oral medicine at the faculty of dental medicine, with a chief complaint of numerous nodules and papules, appeared since she was 6 years old. The diagnosis of Heck's disease was confirmed depending on clinical characteristics, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies test and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human papillomavirus Immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed. Depending on the extensive clinical situation, the decision was made to treat the patient using carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Heck's disease is a human papillomavirus‐related oral condition. The diagnosis can be confirmed depending on both clinical and histopathological characteristics in addition to immunohistochemical staining. In this case, CO2 laser showed good functional and aesthetic results that reflected positively on the quality of the patient's life.
Quantitative Analysis of Deformity in Digital Model of Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis
Authors: Yang Chen , Liu Lu , Wei Qipei , Bai Fan , Chen Shanlin
Published: March 2023

Objective

The deformity of congenital radioulnar synostosis is quite complicated and difficult. This study aims to find out the related factors of the “forearm rotation angle” (FR) which relate to the severity of congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS), and try to quantify the internal relations of each deformity and help to understand the reconstruction method in surgery treatment of this disease.

Methods

This study is case series research. We established 48 digital three‐dimensional forearm bone models of 48 patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis classified as Cleary and Omer type 3. All the patients were treated at our institution from January 2010 to June 2016. In total, 10 independent deformities (the rotation angle of forearm; the internal rotation, radial, and dorsal angulation of radius and ulna; the relative length of osseous fusion at PRUJ; the relative dislocation distance of distal radioulnar joint; the relative area of proximal radial epiphysis) involved in the CRUS complex deformity were measured. Pearson correlation analysis for each deformity which was mentioned above was performed, and multivariate linear regression analysis was also performed with FR as the dependent variable and the other deformities as the influential factors.

Results

The “dorsal angle of radius” (DAR, 21.69° ± 21.55°) had the strongest correlation with the FR (79.72° ± 40.39°), the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.601 (p < 0.01), the internal rotation angle of the radius (IRAR, 82.69° ± 54.98°) had a moderate correlation with FR, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.552 (p < 0.01). A forearm deformity equation was established: FR = 35.896 + 0.271 DAR + 0.989 IRAR.

Conclusion

The dorsal angulation deformity of radius may be the most important deformity that effects the severity of CRUS and should be correct in the first place during reconstruction operation.
Implant Materials for Anterior Column Reconstruction of Cervical Spine Tumor
Authors: Chen Jiasheng , Zhai Shuheng , Zhou Hua , Hu Panpan , Liu Xiaoguang , Liu Zhongjun , Liu Xiao , Li Yan , Li Zihe , Wei Feng
Published: March 2023

The spine is the most common site of bone metastases. Many cancer patients will ultimately develop spinal metastatic disease with symptomatic epidural spinal cord compression. At present, the main treatment for cervical spine tumors is surgical resection combined with postoperative radiotherapy. Implant materials for cervical spine anterior column reconstruction need to meet amounts of different properties, such as biocompatibility, bioactivity and the ability to maintain long‐term mechanical strength. The selection of different materials determines the surgical efficacy and prognosis of patients to a certain extent. This article provides an overview of a variety of implant materials used for anterior column reconstruction after cervical spine tumor resection, introduces and analyzes their properties, advantages, disadvantages, derivatives, and applications in clinical practice, and looks forward to the future development of implant materials.
Genotypic characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Bangladesh
Authors: Wharton Phillip , Dangi Sandesh , Begum Most M. , Douches David , Hokanson Karen E.
Published: March 2023

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is an economically important disease of potato that causes significant yield losses, with severe outbreaks regularly occurring in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to do a large‐scale survey of potato fields in the main potato‐growing divisions of Bangladesh examining genotypic diversity of P. infestans populations. A total of 160 samples were collected in 2018 from both potato (n = 140) and tomato (n = 20). Isolates were mainly collected on FTA cards (n = 143), but 17 were also collected and isolated into pure culture. Microsatellite analysis revealed high levels of subclonal diversity in P. infestans populations with 116 multilocus genotypes recorded from 160 samples. Comparisons with standards of European and US isolates showed that 74% of samples could be categorized as genotype EU_13_A2, 7% clustered near EU_6_A1 and EU_1_A1, and 19% were unique. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed that the P. infestans population clustered into four distinct groups: a main group that contained most of the samples from potato, two distinct tomato groups and one group of samples originating from the division of Mymensingh. Of 17 isolates from cultures, 16 were EU_13_A2 and one was EU_6_A1; 15 were insensitive to metalaxyl‐M. Out of 160 samples, 158 were categorized as mating type A2 and two as mating type A1. These results indicate that Bangladesh populations of P. infestans from potato, like those from neighbouring countries, are dominated by genotype EU_13_A2. However, populations from tomato were distinct and appear to be specific to tomato.
Pain perception and physiological responses are modulated by active support from a romantic partner
Authors: Mazza Alessandro , Ciorli Tommaso , Mirlisenna Ilaria , D'Onofrio Ilenia , Mantellino Silvia , Zaccaria Martina , Pia Lorenzo , Dal Monte Olga
Published: March 2023

As social animals, humans are strongly affected by social bonds and interpersonal interactions. Proximity and social support from significant others may buffer the negative outcomes of a painful experience. Several studies have investigated the role of romantic partners' support in pain modulation, mostly focusing on tactile support and showing its effectiveness in reducing pain perception. Nevertheless, no study so far has investigated the role of supportive speaking on pain modulation, nor has compared the effects of a tactile and vocal support within the same couples. The present study directly compared for the first time the efficacy of mere presence (Passive Support) and different forms of active (Touch, Voice, Touch + Voice) support from a romantic partner during a painful experience in a naturalistic setting. We assessed pain modulation in 37 romantic couples via both subjective (self‐reported ratings) and physiological (skin conductance) measurements. We found that all three types of active support were equally more effective than passive support in reducing the painful experience at both subjective and physiological levels; interestingly, our results suggest that supportive speaking can reduce pain perception with respect to passive support to a similar extent as tactile support does. Overall, this study highlights the relevance of an active support in reducing pain perception, with active types of support being more effective than passive support, regardless of its specific modality.
Impact of invasive plant management on soil activity and litter decomposition in a tropical forest restoration
Authors: Parré Fernando M. , Loiola Priscilla P. , Ballarin Caio S. , Monquero Patrícia A.
Published: March 2023

Tropical forest restoration is needed to mitigate the negative consequences of anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. One of the main limitations for the establishment of tropical forests is the competition with invasive species decreasing the survival and growth of native trees. Invasion management should affect soil microorganisms, which play essential roles in nutrient cycling, plant nutrition and on ecosystem functioning. Although chemical and nonchemical methods are applied worldwide to herbaceous invasion management, their impacts on soil microbial biomass, respiration and litter decomposition have yet to be measured over longer timeframes (>3 months) after application. Using a 3‐year‐old tropical forest restoration managed through chemical (herbicide pulverization) or nonchemical (mowing) treatments, and a secondary native forest patch nearby used as reference, we measured (1) soil microbial biomass and (2) basal soil respiration over 6 months, and on (3) litter decomposition over 1 year, after one management. We used mixed models to test whether management affected the response variables and found that chemical management resulted in lower microbial biomass and respiration after 5 months. Similarly, after 1 year, litter decomposition rate under chemical management was lower than that in the nonchemical and in the control. Chemical management effects on soil activity and litter decomposition should be considered when choosing suitable methods and its frequency to manage invasion, targeting the success of native trees and general ecosystem functioning.
Institutional difference and foreign direct investment location choice: Evidence from China
Authors: Che Yi , Du Julan , Lu Yi , Tao Zhigang
Published: March 2023

Resting upon an extensive data set on foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) in China, we investigate the role of institutional difference in determining the locational choice of foreign direct investment (FDI). Estimation results using firm‐level discrete choice model suggest that FIEs from source countries that are more remote institutionally from the Chinese mainland exhibit a higher degree of sensitivity to regional economic institutions in their choice of FDI location. Furthermore, we find that FIEs coming from countries with better institutions than China are more sensitive to the institutional difference. Interestingly, we find that the deterrent effect of institutional distance on FDI entry is mitigated for FIEs coming from countries with more ethnic Chinese individuals in their overall populations.
Experiencer intervention in English tough movement: Evidence from extraction of the tough adjective against syntactic‐ and semantic‐intervention accounts
Authors: Salzmann Martin
Published: March 2023

It was first observed over a decade ago that the presence of experiencers leads to degradation in English tough movement. In the literature, this has been linked to either syntactic or semantic intervention. I will show that a crucial piece of data has been ignored in this debate, the possibility of extracting the tough adjective without the nonfinite CP. Under previous approaches, this seems to require extraposition of the CP. However, once extraposition is possible, the intervention configuration can no longer be prevented. I will argue instead that the restrictions on experiencer placement can be accounted for if the nonfinite CP is instead projected as an external argument and if null‐operator clauses of this type cannot be extraposed. The “intervention” effect thus turns out to be completely unrelated to intervention but rather follows from basic word‐order properties of the language.
Characterizing Aerosol Generating Procedures with Background Oriented Schlieren
Authors: Howard Nelson Scott , Alrefaie Abdul , Mejia Nicholas A. , Ugbeye Tosan , Schmidt Bryan
Published: March 2023

The potential for characterizing aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) using background oriented schlieren (BOS) flow visualization was investigated in two clinical situations. A human-scale BOS system was used on a manikin simulating jet ventilation and extubation. A novel approach to representation of the BOS images using line integral convolution allows direct evaluation of both magnitude and direction of the refractive index gradient field. Plumes issuing from the manikin's mouth were clearly visualized and characterized in both experiments, and it is recommended that BOS be adapted into a clinical tool for risk evaluation in clinical environments.
Turbine Endwall Contouring Through Advanced Optimization Techniques
Authors: Burigana M. , Verstraete T. , Lavagnoli S.
Published: March 2023

Non-axisymmetric endwall profiling offers features to simultaneously mitigate aerodynamic losses and hot gas ingestion in axial turbines. This paper presents an optimization methodology to generate a contoured surface integrated with real geometrical effects such as blade fillets and a rim seal channel with the aim of achieving higher efficiencies while reducing hot gas ingestion. The contoured rotor platform is constructed using a B-spline surface clamped in the axial direction. In the azimuthal direction, the surface is unclamped to allow geometrical continuity across the periodic boundaries. The endwall parameterization is used to optimize a rotor hub platform of a high-pressure turbine stage. A differential evolution optimizer is used to rank individuals in terms of efficiency. The single-objective optimization is set to maximize the aerodynamic efficiency and it is defined such that it accounts for the flow non-uniformity through a mixed-out averaging procedure. Engine representative conditions typical of a two-stage high-pressure turbine are used as boundary conditions. Geometrical and aerodynamic constraints are set to guarantee a fair comparison among individuals and to meet engine requirements. Two surface parameterizations, which use a different number of design variables but share the same construction strategy, are presented to show the trade-off between the number of degrees-of-freedom and the aerodynamic improvement. Different purge flow conditions are considered to assess the robustness of the optimization results at off-design conditions for relevant geometries. The aim of this paper is to show the advanced shape flexibility of the implemented parameterization for contoured platforms featuring technological effects such as blade fillet and rim seal channel. The work provides design guidelines to setup engine-realistic constraints for endwall contour optimization of turbine stages.
Control of Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Actuated Two Degrees-of-Freedom Robot Using PD-Based Pulse Width Modulation Strategy With Feed-Forward Outer Control Loop
Authors: Maurya Sushant , Dutta Ashish
Published: March 2023

This work presents a novel approach for the design and control of a two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) robotic manipulator driven by one pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) and one passive spring for each of its DOFs. The required air pressure is supplied to the PAMs using fast-switching on/off type pneumatic flow control valves. The proposed control architecture uses a proportional-derivative (PD) controller with a feed-forward term in the outer control loop to correct the position errors using an approximate model of the system dynamics and approximate PAM force-contraction characteristics. An inner pressure regulator loop tracks the reference pressure signals supplied by the outer loop using a pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme to control the pneumatic valves based on the approximated inflation–deflation characteristics for the given pneumatic flow circuit. The proposed controller is unique for PAM actuated robots that simultaneously consider three levels of complications, namely, coupled dynamics of multi-degrees-of-freedom system, non-linearities in the force-contraction characteristics of PAMs, and non-linearities involved in the use of on/off type pneumatic flow control valves. Experiments carried out using a laboratory prototype validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities
Authors: Ng Kwok , Sit Cindy , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly , Aubert Salomé , Stanish Heidi , Hutzler Yeshayahu , Santos Silva Diego Augusto , Kang Mary-Grace , López-Gil José Francisco , Lee Eun-Young , Asunta Piritta , Pozeriene Jurate , Urbański Piotr Kazimierz , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Reilly John J.
Published: March 2023

This is an overview of the results from 14 countries or jurisdictions in a Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with disabilities. The methodology was based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance’s Global Matrix 4.0. Data were aligned with 10 indicators (Overall PA, Organized Sport, Active Play, Active Transport, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior, Family & Peers, Schools, Community & Environment, and Government) to produce Para Report Cards. Subsequently, there were 139 grades; 45% were incomplete, particularly for Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Family & Peers. Collectively, Overall PA was graded the lowest (F), with Schools and Government the highest (C). Disability-specific surveillance and research gaps in PA were apparent in 14 countries or jurisdictions around the world. More coverage of PA data in Para Report Cards is needed to serve as an advocacy tool to promote PA among children and adolescents with disabilities.