bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa pada materi mekanika
Authors: Hafizah Ellyna , Misbah Misbah , Annur Syubahn
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Mechanicss is a part of learning in the basic physics course. Mechanics covers kinematics particle and dynamics particle. The materials in mechanics are the topics/ discussion which are related to human being life. Considering the characteristics of the materials in the mechanics, the problem solving ability is urgently needed to coprehend the materials. Based on this consideration, students’ problem solving ability needs to be analyzed to see the extend of the ability posses by the students to ease the learning. The subjects of the research were the natural science students of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin. The instrument used were a test which was analyzed using the problem solving ability scoring rubric. The results showed that the students’ ability in solving mechanics material in general is good. However, the students commonly missed to check and evaluate the solution so that this step is categorized as less good.

 

Abstrak: Mekanika merupakan bagian dari pembelajaran dalam mata kuliah fisika dasar. Mekanika mencakup kinematika partikel dan dinamika partikel. Pokok bahasan dalam mekanika merupakan suatu bahasan yang sering bersinggungan dengan kehidupan mahasiswa. Melihat karakteristik materi pada mekanika ini maka kemampuan pemecahan masalah sangat diperlukan untuk memahami materi tersebut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa perlu untuk dianalisis sejauh mana kemampuan yang sudah dimiliki untuk lebih memudahkan suatu pembelajran. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa pendidikan IPA FKIP Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan rubrik penilaian kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil data kemampuan pemecahan masalah berdasarkan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa termasuk kategori baik. Namun mahasiswa sering melewatkan tahapan uji konsistensi dan koherensi serta mengevaluasi solusi sehingga pada tahap tersebut masih tergolong cukup baik. Adanya beberapa tahap yang masih tergolong cukup baik ini dapat terus ditingkatkan dengan membiasakan suatu proses pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada masalah terutama masalah nyata.
PROBLEMAS DERIVADOS DE LA RELACIÓN JURÍDICA ENTRE PEQUEÑO EMPRESARIO TURÍSTICO Y WEB 2.0
Authors: ROSSELLÓ RUBERT FRANCISCA Mª
Published: January 2019

El auge de las Webs 2.0 y del software como servicio en el mercado del sector turístico ha supuesto un punto de no retorno en cuanto a la promoción y a la reputación en línea de establecimientos hosteleros y de oferta complementaria. Por una parte, el pequeño empresario deberá atender a las condiciones contractuales que suscribe como usuario de tales plataformas. En estos casos, es importante conocer aspectos como las políticas de uso adecuado, la protección de contenidos digitales con propiedad intelectual o la distribución de responsabilidades entre proveedor de servicios digitales y empresario suministrado. Pero ¿qué sucede en aquellos casos en los cuales el empresario no ha dado su consentimiento para que su establecimiento figure en una determinada Web 2.0?
Este trabajo propone soluciones en aquellos casos en los que media un contrato entre plataformas Web 2.0 (u otros servicios digitales similares), como en los casos en los que no existe contrato que vincule al empresario con el proveedor y, sin embargo, el empresario ve mermada su posibilidad de decisión sobre la reputación y presencia digital en la Web 2.0.
EL FOMENTO Y LA REGULACIÓN JURÍDICA DEL TURISMO RURAL EN LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA
Authors: DEL BUSTO EUGENIO
Published: January 2019

La finalidad del presente artículo es efectuar un análisis del estado actual de la normativa destinada al fomento y a la regulación del turismo rural en la República Argentina, determinando, desde la perspectiva del Derecho, aquellos aspectos que la caracterizan.
LA INFLUENCIA DE LA WEB EN LA REPUTACIÓN ONLINE: EL CASO DE TRIPADVISOR Y MINUBE
Authors: BASTIDAS MANZANO ANA BELÉN , SÁNCHEZ FERNÁNDEZ JUAN , CASADO ARANDA LUIS ALBERTO
Published: January 2019

El turismo en España representa el principal sector económico del país y se posiciona como un gran impulsor de arrastre de nuestra economía. El auge de las nuevas tecnologías y el proceso de digitalización (conocido como Web 2.0) está teniendo importantes repercusiones en la forma con que las organizaciones turísticas ofrecen sus servicios y los clientes interactúan con ellas. El presente trabajo pretende explorar la importancia de la Web en la generación de una reputación online en las empresas del sector turístico. Concretamente, compara la influencia de dos plataformas de comunidades virtuales de viajeros (Tripadvisor y MiNube) como generadoras de contenido de recomendaciones en la creación de la imagen y reputación de un destino turístico. El usuario como generador de contenido se convierte entonces en una pieza fundamental para dar valor a las empresas del sector. Es aquí donde la sociología del turismo ocupa un papel fundamental en el estudio del nuevo turista en el entorno de la Travel 2.0. Los resultados del estudio corroboran la importancia del contenido web generado por usuarios como factores clave en la reputación del destino turístico y relevancia en la gestión de los viajes.
CUADROS DE MANDO Y SISTEMAS DE INDICADORES PARA LA GESTIÓN DE LOS DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS: UNA REFLEXIÓN DESDE LA SOCIOLOGÍA
Authors: SANTANA TURÉGANO MANUEL ÁNGEL , HERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ NIEVES YANIRA
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la extensión de herramientas propias de la planificación estratégica de las empresas, como los cuadros de mandos y otros sistemas de indicadores, a la gestión de los destinos turísticos. Para ello el trabajo parte del análisis del surgimiento de los conceptos de “cuadros de mando” y de “cuadros de mandos integral”, en el marco de la consolidación de la planificación estratégica como disciplina académica relativamente autónoma y como praxis profesional, dentro de la evolución de los sistemas empresariales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Posteriormente se hace un análisis de la aplicación de estos sistemas a la gestión turística, en primer lugar, en las empresas y posteriormente en la gestión de destinos turísticos. El trabajo concluye mostrando las limitaciones de este enfoque para la gestión de entidades socialmente tan complejas como son los destinos turísticos, debido a su carácter fuertemente organicista. Por ello, se propone como herramientas más efectivas el uso de metodologías, como las derivadas del denominado “Consenso de Saint Gallen”, que permitan mejorar la gobernanza de los destinos
Comparison of vocal cord view between neutral and sniffing position during orotracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope: A prospective, randomized cross over study
Authors: Park Sanghee , Lee Hyung Gon , Choi Jeong Il , Lee Seongheon , Jang Eun-A , Bae Hong-Beom , Rhee Jeeyun , Yang Hyung Chae , Jeong Seongtae
Published: January 2019

Background: In intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB), partial or complete obstruction of upper airway makes the FOB insertion difficult. Thus, maneuvers to relieve such obstructions are recommended. There have been no studies to determine whether the sniffing or neutral position is superior for this purpose. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the effects of these two positions including vocal cord view.
Methods: Fifty-four patients scheduled to receive general anesthesia by orotracheal intubation were eligible for inclusion in the study with informed consent. After confirmation of proper head positioning depending on the group, the view of the vocal cord was acquired in each position. Images were reviewed using the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score.
Results: A total of 106 images of vocal cords from 53 patients were obtained. The mean of difference of POGO score was 11.09, higher for the neutral position and standard deviation was 23.73 (p = 0.002). Neutral position increased POGO score in 31 patients and decreased POGO score in 13 patients compare to sniffing position (p = 0.017). There were no significant differences between the two head positions with regard to intubation time or degree of convenience during intubation.
Conclusions: Neutral position improved the view of glottic opening than sniffing position during oral fiberoptic intubation. However, there was no difference in the difficulty of tube insertion between the two positions.
Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT02931019, registered on October 12, 2016
Endoillumination aided scleral buckling combined with intravitreal injection of hyaluronate for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Zhao Tong , Wang Zhijun
Published: January 2019

Background: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of 25-gauge illumination aided scleral buckling surgery combined with intravitreal injection of hyaluronate for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Methods: This study was undertaken in a prospective, nonrandomized, and uncontrolled manner. Patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were performed scleral buckling surgery with the aid of intraocular illumination and noncontact wide-angle viewing system. Hyaluronate was injected into the vitreous cavity to maintain intraocular pressure stable after subretinal fluid drainage through the external sclerotomy when necessary. Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, fundus examination and complications were observed and recorded.
Results: Twenty-eight consecutive patients (28 eyes) were enrolled. Subretinal fluid drainage and hyaluronate injection was performed in 12 eyes. The final reattachment ratio was 100%. BCVA increased after operation (P<0.001) and no significant difference was observed between preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (P=0.149). No iatrogenic retinal break, choroidal hemorrhage or endophthalmitis were observed.
Conclusions: Endoillumination aided buckling surgery combined with intravitreal injection of hyaluronate could be an option for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment especially for the cases of highly elevated retina.
Trial registration: ChiCTR1800020055. Retrospectively registered on December 12, 2018.
Key words: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, scleral buckling, noncontact wide-angle viewing system, endoillumination, intravitreal injection of hyaluronate.
Traumatic globe rupture after non-Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with scleral suture fixation of intraocular lens: a case report
Authors: Narimatsu Akitomo , Hattori Takaaki , Katahira Haruki , Minezaki Teruumi , Kumakura Shigeto , Goto Hiroshi
Published: January 2019

Background: To report the first case of traumatic globe rupture after non-Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (nDSAEK) with scleral suture fixation of intraocular lens (IOL).
Case presentation: A 71-year old male was referred to our hospital with reduced vision in his left eye. He underwent cataract surgery in his left eye about 10 years ago. At presentation, slit-lamp examination of his left eye showed aphakic bullous keratopathy. We performed nDSAEK with scleral suture fixation of IOL. The surgical outcome was favorable. At 5 years after nDSAEK, he sustained globe rupture in his left eye from a fall. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated wound dehiscence and iris prolapse beneath the conjunctiva. However, the transplanted endothelium and Descemet’s membrane was attached completely to the recipient cornea, and there was no dislocation of the implanted IOL. No abnormal findings were observed in the posterior segment. We performed wound suturing and iris reconstruction. After 45 months, recipient and donor cornea retained clarity, and his visual acuity was 20/25.
Conclusions: We encountered a patient with traumatic globe rupture after nDSAEK. It can be presumed that traumatic wound dehiscence after DSAEK is better visual outcome than traumatic wound dehiscence after conventional PKP. DSAEK might be resistant to traumatic injury because of the minimal incision than PKP.
Key words: Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty, traumatic globe rupture, corneal transplantation
Serum pNF-H, a potential predictive biomarker for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly subjects undergoing hip joint replacement
Authors: Zhang Huafeng , Zheng Jinwei , Wang Ruichun , Wu Guorong , Chen Junping
Published: January 2019

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which refers to a cognitive impairment subsequent to surgical procedures, is a common complication in the elderly subjects. This study aimed to investigate potential risk factors for POCD in elderly subjects undergoing hip joint replacement.
Methods: Consecutive elderly osteoarthritis patients who were scheduled to undergo hip replacement under epidural anesthesia were enrolled into this single-center, prospective observational study. Serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit-H (pNF-H) was measured by the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. A level of >70.5 pg/mL was accepted as pNF-H positivity. Neuropsychological assessment at baseline (one day before the surgery) and postoperative day 7 was conducted. POCD was defined according to the calculated Z scores. Risk factors for POCD were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results: In final, 287 patients were enrolled and 55 had suffered POCD within postoperative 7 days with an incidence of 19.2%. The final multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a higher pNF-H positivity was the only independent risk factor for POCD (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.21-3.29, P=0.012)
Conclusions: Our results revealed an increased preoperative serum pNF-H expression was an independent risk factor for POCD development in elderly subjects undergoing hip joint replacement, suggesting the close association between anatomical damage in central nervous system (CNS) and POCD.
Key words: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction; elderly; hip joint replacement; pNF-H; biomarker
Target controlled infusion pump occlusion alarm response times and their clinical implications: A bench-top and simulation study
Authors: Doyle Alexander , Kooij Viola , Stennings-Smith Philippa , Qureshi Syed , Tilakaratna Prasanna , Hassani Aimen
Published: January 2019

Background: There is a time-delay between obstruction of the infusion apparatus and the onset of the occlusion alarm on both the Alaris PK and Braun Perfusor Space target controlled infusion (TCI) pumps. Depending on the extent of this time-delay, it is possible that drug effect-site concentrations could decrement below minimally effective levels during this period, potentially exposing patients to the risk of accidental awareness under general anaesthesia.
Methods: In a bench-top experiment, we recorded the alarm response time of both devices after intentional obstruction using a standardised protocol. We then computer-simulated a series of clinically relevant TCIs to determine if the effect-site concentration of propofol or remifentanil could decrement below 2 ug.mL-1 or 3 ng.mL-1 before the alarm was predicted to sound.
Results: The alarm response time of both devices was longer at higher alarm level settings and slower infusion rates, but different between brands at equivalent alarm level settings (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). The simulations revealed that the drug effect-site concentrations of propofol and remifentanil could decrement below minimally effective levels within the alarm response time of either device, when Schnider or Minto effect kinetics utilising slow infusion rates were combined with high alarm level settings.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that, under certain conditions of use, the design and performance of the occlusion alarm on the Alaris PK and Braun Perfusor Space TCI pumps can potentially permit inadequate drug delivery during TCI anaesthesia. We believe our findings should serve as a warning to clinicians to be wary of utilising slow infusion rates in combination with high alarm level settings and propose that clinicians mitigate against this risk by choosing alarm level settings based upon the baseline alarm performance in order to minimise any redundancy in the alarm response time.
Keywords: Infusion Pumps, Patient Safety, Anaesthetics i.v., Propofol
Dimerization of Antimicrobial Peptides: A Promising Strategy to Enhance Antimicrobial Peptide Activity
Authors: Lorenzon Esteban N. , Piccoli Julia P. , Santos-Filho Norival A. , Cilli Eduardo M.
Published: January 2019

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem with strong social and economic
impacts. The development of new antimicrobial agents is considered an urgent challenge. In this
regard, Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) appear to be novel candidates to overcome this problem.
The mechanism of action of AMPs involves intracellular targets and membrane disruption. Although
the exact mechanism of action of AMPs remains controversial, most AMPs act through
membrane disruption of the target cell. Several strategies have been used to improve AMP activity,
such as peptide dimerization. In this review, we focus on AMP dimerization, showing many examples
of dimerized peptides and their effects on biological activity. Although more studies are necessary
to elucidate the relationship between peptide properties and the dimerization effect on antimicrobial
activity, dimerization constitutes a promising strategy to improve the effectiveness of
AMPs.
Maxillary Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer: Report of the First Case and Literature Review
Authors: Hu Hong , Wang Jing , Zhou Xiao-Yun , Tong Meng-Ting , Zhai Chong-Ya , Sui Xin-Bing , Zhang Yan-Hua , Xie Xiao-Xi , Liu Hao , Xie Jian-Sheng , Pan Hong-Ming , Li Da
Published: January 2019

Background:

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive system tumor, characterized
by high invasion, apparent lethality, and poor prognosis. Direct diffusion is the major metastatic
mechanism of early EC, whereas advanced EC is spread mainly by lymphatic metastasis, but also can
be transferred to the liver, lungs, bones, and so on, by hematogenous metastasis. The incidence of bone
metastasis in esophageal cancer is low, and maxillary metastasis of EC is more rare.

Objective:

To explore the differential diagnosis in ECMM, the rare metastasis of EC, and the possible
mechanisms and predictors of bone metastasis.

Methods:

The clinical materials of a male patient with maxillary metastasis of esophageal cancer
(ECMM) were analyzed. Then, the possible mechanism of the ECMM was discussed.

Conclusion:

ECMM may belong to the hematogenous metastasis. The early detection of rare sites of
metastasis of EC should be prioritized in tumor marker detection, imaging, pathology, and other
diagnostic techniques.
Key Peptides and Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Penke Botond , Bogár Ferenc , Paragi Gábor , Gera János , Fülöp Lívia
Published: January 2019

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a form of progressive dementia involving cognitive impairment, loss of learning and memory. Different proteins (such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), β- amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein) play a key role in the initiation and progression of AD. We review the role of the most important proteins and peptides in AD pathogenesis. The structure, biosynthesis and physiological role of APP are shortly summarized. The details of trafficking and processing of APP to Aβ, the cytosolic intracellular Aβ domain (AICD) and small soluble proteins are shown, together with other amyloid-forming proteins such as tau and α-synuclein (α-syn). Hypothetic physiological functions of Aβ are summarized. The mechanism of conformational change, the formation and the role of neurotoxic amyloid oligomeric (oAβ) are shown. The fibril formation process and the co-existence of different steric structures (U-shaped and S-shaped) of Aβ monomers in mature fibrils are demonstrated. We summarize the known pathogenic and non-pathogenic mutations and show the toxic interactions of Aβ species after binding to cellular receptors. Tau phosphorylation, fibrillation, the molecular structure of tau filaments and their toxic effect on microtubules are shown. Development of Aβ and tau imaging in AD brain and CSF as well as blood biomarkers is shortly summarized. The most probable pathomechanisms of AD including the toxic effects of oAβ and tau; the three (biochemical, cellular and clinical) phases of AD are shown. Finally, the last section summarizes the present state of Aβ- and tau-directed therapies and future directions of AD research and drug development.
Impact of a Clinical Decision Support Tool on Dementia Diagnostics in Memory Clinics: The PredictND Validation Study
Authors: Bruun Marie , Frederiksen Kristian S. , Rhodius-Meester Hanneke F.M. , Baroni Marta , Gjerum Le , Koikkalainen Juha , Urhemaa Timo , Tolonen Antti , van Gils Mark , Tong Tong , Guerrero Ricardo , Rueckert Daniel , Dyremose Nadia , Andersen Birgitte Bo , Simonsen Anja H. , Lemstra Afina , Hallikainen Merja , Kurl Sudhir , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Remes Anne M. , Waldemar Gunhild , Soininen Hilkka , Mecocci Patrizia , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Lötjönen Jyrki , Hasselbalch Steen G.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Determining the underlying etiology of dementia can be challenging. Computer-
based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have the potential to provide an objective comparison
of data and assist clinicians.

Objectives:

To assess the diagnostic impact of a CDSS, the PredictND tool, for differential diagnosis of
dementia in memory clinics.

Methods:

In this prospective multicenter study, we recruited 779 patients with either subjective cognitive
decline (n=252), mild cognitive impairment (n=219) or any type of dementia (n=274) and followed
them for minimum 12 months. Based on all available patient baseline data (demographics, neuropsychological
tests, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and MRI visual and computed ratings), the PredictND
tool provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the data with a likelihood index for five diagnostic
groups; Alzheimer´s disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal
dementia and subjective cognitive decline. At baseline, a clinician defined an etiological diagnosis and
confidence in the diagnosis, first without and subsequently with the PredictND tool. The follow-up
diagnosis was used as the reference diagnosis.

Results:

In total, 747 patients completed the follow-up visits (53% female, 69±10 years). The etiological
diagnosis changed in 13% of all cases when using the PredictND tool, but the diagnostic accuracy
did not change significantly. Confidence in the diagnosis, measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS,
0-100%) increased (ΔVAS=3.0%, p<0.0001), especially in correctly changed diagnoses (ΔVAS=7.2%,
p=0.0011).

Conclusion:

Adding the PredictND tool to the diagnostic evaluation affected the diagnosis and increased
clinicians’ confidence in the diagnosis indicating that CDSSs could aid clinicians in the differential
diagnosis of dementia.
Identify Compounds' Target Against Alzheimer's Disease Based on In-Silico Approach
Authors: Hu Yan , Zhou Guangya , Zhang Chi , Zhang Mengying , Chen Qin , Zheng Linfeng , Niu Bing
Published: January 2019

Background:

Alzheimer's disease swept every corner of the globe and the number of patients worldwide has been rising. At present, there are as many as 30 million people with Alzheimer's disease in the world, and it is expected to exceed 80 million people by 2050. Consequently, the study of Alzheimer’s drugs has become one of the most popular medical topics.

Methods:

In this study, in order to build a predicting model for Alzheimer’s drugs and targets, the attribute discriminators CfsSubsetEval, ConsistencySubsetEval and FilteredSubsetEval are combined with search methods such as BestFirst, GeneticSearch and Greedystepwise to filter the molecular descriptors. Then the machine learning algorithms such as BayesNet, SVM, KNN and C4.5 are used to construct the 2D-Structure Activity Relationship(2D-SAR) model. Its modeling results are utilized for Receiver Operating Characteristic curve(ROC) analysis.

Results:

The prediction rates of correctness using Randomforest for AChE, BChE, MAO-B, BACE1, Tau protein and Non-inhibitor are 77.0%, 79.1%, 100.0%, 94.2%, 93.2% and 94.9%, respectively, which are overwhelming as compared to those of BayesNet, BP, SVM, KNN, AdaBoost and C4.5.

Conclusion:

In this paper, we conclude that Random Forest is the best learner model for the prediction of Alzheimer’s drugs and targets. Besides, we set up an online server to predict whether a small molecule is the inhibitor of Alzheimer's target at http://47.106.158.30:8080/AD/. Furthermore, it can distinguish the target protein of a small molecule.
Local Drug Delivery Based Treatment Approaches for Effective Management of Periodontitis
Authors: Aggarwal Geeta , Verma Sonia , Gupta Madhu , Nagpal Manju
Published: January 2019

Background:

Periodontal disease is an immuno-inflammatory condition of
tissues that surround and hold the teeth. It is the disease which succeeds in all races,
groups and both genders. Almost 10 to15% of the global population gets suffered from
severe periodontitis as per WHO reports. Periodontal disease may likely cause other systemic
diseases such as cardiovascular disease and pre-term low birth weight infants. Mechanical
removal of plaques and calculus deposits from supra and subgingival environment
is the backbone of periodontal treatment till date whereas complete elimination of
these deleterious agents is quite unrealistic as the pocket depth increases.

Recent Approaches:

Recently controlled local drug delivery application is more encouraging
in comparison to systemic approach as it mainly targets to enhance the therapeutic
efficacy by maintaining site-specificity, avoiding first pass metabolism, reduction in gastrointestinal
(GI) side effects and decreasing the dose. Several drugs such as antiseptics
and antibiotics alongwith various carriers are being formulated as local drug delivery systems
for effective management of the disease. Various local delivery systems reported are
fibers, films, strips, compacts, injectables, microparticles, vesicular carriers, gels and
nanoparticles. These local carriers provide effective prolonged treatment at the site of
infection at reduced doses. This review enlightens detailed pathophysiology and various
phases of periodontitis, challenges in treatment of disease and various antimicrobial
agents (along with their marketed formulations) used. The main emphasis of the review is
to cover all carrier systems developed so far for local delivery application in the effective
management of periodontitis, as a patient compliant drug therapy.
Effect of Capparis spinosa Extract on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vahid Hamideh , Bonakdaran Shokoufeh , Khorasani Zahra Mazloum , Jarahi Lida , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Ghorbani Ahmad , Zarghi Nazila , Yousefi Mahdi
Published: January 2019

Background:

Experimental studies have reported beneficial effects of Capparis spinosa L.,
a perennial shrub from the Capparidaceae family, on the glycemic status and serum lipids in diabetic
animals.

Objective:

The aim of the present randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate
the safety and efficacy of C. spinosa oxymel on blood glucose, lipid profile, and other diagnostic
indexes of metabolic syndrome in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.

Method:

The C. spinosa oxymel was prepared by adding hydroalcoholic extract of C. spinosa fruit to
simple oxymel (a mixture of grape vinegar and lactulose). Thirty diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome
whose glycemic status was not controlled despite receiving full doses of oral hypoglycemic
agents did not want to start insulin therapy and were randomly allocated to three groups to receive
placebo, simple oxymel, or C. spinosa oxymel (10 mL/thrice daily for 3 months). All patients continued
conventional therapy with hypolipidemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antihypertensive drugs during
the study.

Results:

C. spinosa oxymel significantly decreased the body weight and body mass index at the end of
the study compared to the baseline. While the patients in the placebo and simple oxymel groups displayed
further increase in the level of FBG or PPBG, administration of C. spinosa oxymel inhibited the
progression of hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, there was not a significant difference between placebo
and intervention groups regarding HbA1c at the end of the study. C. spinosa oxymel had no significant
effect on the serum cholesterol but inhibited the progression of hypertriglyceridemia during the study.
There were no significant changes in creatinine, microalbuminuria, AST, ALT, and ALP values following
C. spinosa treatment, suggesting that it had no unwanted effects on kidney and liver function.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that although C. spinosa oxymel cannot enhance the effects of hypoglycemic
and hypolipidemic drugs, it can prevent further increase of blood glucose and triglycerides in
patients with poorly controlled diabetes.
Testicular Injury Attenuated by Rapamycin Through Induction of Autophagy and Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shi Wenjiao , Guo Zhixin , Yuan Ruixia
Published: January 2019

Background and Objective:

This study investigated whether rapamycin has a protective
effect on the testis of diabetic rats by regulating autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative
stress.

Methods:

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic,
and diabetic treated with rapamycin, which received gavage of rapamycin (2mg.kg-1.d-1) after induction
of diabetes. Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,
65mg.Kg-1). All rats were sacrificed at the termination after 8 weeks of rapamycin treatment. The testicular
pathological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The protein or
mRNA expression of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3
(LC3), p62), ER stress marked proteins (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein
(CHOP), caspase-12), oxidative stress-related proteins (p22phox, nuclear factor erythroid2-related
factor 2 (Nrf2)) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)) were assayed by
western blot or real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Results:

There were significant pathological changes in the testes of diabetic rats. The expression of
Beclin1, LC3, Nrf2, Bcl-2 were significantly decreased and p62, CHOP, caspase12, p22phox, and Bax
were notably increased in the testis of diabetic rats (P <0.05). However, rapamycin treatment for 8
weeks significantly reversed the above changes in the testis of diabetic rats (P <0.05).

Conclusion:

Rapamycin appears to produce a protective effect on the testes of diabetic rats by inducing
the expression of autophagy and inhibiting the expression of ER-stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
PPARγ Agonistic Activity of Sulphonylureas
Authors: Banerjee Debjani , Bharaj Harnovdeep Singh , Banerjee Moulinath
Published: January 2019

Background: Sulphonylureas (SU) are known to cause weight gain. Some investigators have
reported increased insulin sensitivity with some sulphonylurea agents.

Objective: To review available evidence of SU agents having PPARγ agonist activity.

Methods: We searched online databases of PubMed®, Embase®, Google Scholar® and Web of Science®
as per current guidance, published in English, between 1st January 1970 and 31st December 2017. The
search found 6 articles.

Results: None of the 1st generation SU drugs have any demonstrable PPARγ agonist activity. Most of
the 2nd generation SU agents had a positive correlation between their concentration and PPARγ agonist
activity except Gliclazide. The demonstrated PPARγ agonist activity was maximum in experiments with
Glimepiride and Gliquidone and was seen in these in-vitro experiments at concentrations which were
pharmacologically achievable in-vivo. The PPARγ agonist activity may be responsible for some sideeffect
of the SU agents as weight gain. On the contrary, the clinical efficacy of the thiazolidinediones
could theoretically be reduced when used in combination with the SUs with significant PPARγ agonist
activity.

Conclusion: The PPARγ agonist activity demonstrated in vitro experiments may have clinical connotations.
Two new records of Trypetheliaceae (Lichenized Fungi) from India.
Authors: G. Swarnalatha
Published: January 2019

Two lichen species namely, Astrothelium interjectum R.C. Harris and Trypethelium xanthoplatystomum Flakus & Aptroot of the family Trypetheliaceae are reported here as new distributional records for India.
A contratação em regime especial de direito administrativo (REDA) e seu impacto nas condições de trabalho docente: o caso dos professores do estado da Bahia
Authors: Silva Junior Jorge Adriano da , Oliveira Isabela Fadul de
Published: January 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o fenômeno da contratação temporária em Regime Especial de Direito Administrativo – REDA de docentes na Rede Pública de Ensino do Estado da Bahia. Buscou-se compreender a criação da espécie de contratação temporária no âmbito das transformações ocorridas no mundo do trabalho a partir da década de 1970, com a crise do capitalismo global e a reforma neoliberal e gerencial do Estado brasileiro. Em seguida, procurou-se analisar a estrutura normativa que regulamenta o REDA, sendo um regime especial de contratação de servidores públicos pela Administração Pública direta e indireta, sem a realização de concurso público, com vínculo temporário e em hipótese excepcionais, para desempenho de função pública. Os resultados evidenciam que os professores contratados em Regime Especial de Direito Administrativo não possuem os mesmos direitos que os docentes em regime estatutários, não gozando de estabilidade profissional, nem tendo acesso ao plano de carreira e nem aos demais benefícios historicamente associados ao magistério público, além de vivenciarem constante incerteza profissional, sendo que essa espécie de contratação temporária tem se tornado prática constante na Administração Pública baiana, desvirtuando a natureza excepcional da medida e aprofundando a precarização das condições de trabalho dos  professores submetidos a este regime de contratação.
Apresentação
Authors: Da Silva Artur Stamford
Published: January 2019

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A relação com as normas na América Latina e o ordinário trabalho moral do sujeito
Authors: Araujo Kathya
Published: January 2019

a pesquisa aponta a necessidade de desenvolvimento da sociologia jurídica da norma, em especial, para lidar com a relação que se tem com as normas, em países da América Latina. Iniciando com uma exposição referente a como os clássicos lidam com essa relação, o texto se desenvolve com a literatura mais recente, apresenta dados empíricos sobre o caso Chile, quando identifica quatro configurações de sujeito em relação com as normas. A pesquisa conclui pela importância e necessidade de avançar nessa linha de análise teórica e empírica para compreender e explicar o trabalho moral ordinário do sujeito.
Sociologia do direito em versus com a dogmática jurídica 3?
Authors: Da Silva Artur Stamford
Published: January 2019

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SYDNONE DERIVATIVES A SYNTHONS FOR NOVEL MESOIONIC COMPOUNDS. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME 2-(4`-SUBSTITUTED ANILINOSYNDON-3`-YL)-1, 3, 4-THIADIAZINO (6, 5-B) INDOLES
Authors: Panwar Hemant , Singh Shishupal , Chaudhary Nidhi
Published: January 2019

In the present study, a series of 2-(4´-Substitutedanilinosydnon-3´-yl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazino (6, 5-b) indoles 7a-j have been synthesized. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental and spectral (I R, 1H- NMR and Mass) spectrometric analysis. Furthermore, above mentioned compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against selected panel of pathogenic strains. Ampicillin trihydrate, ofloxacin and fluconazole, griseofulvin were used as standard drugs for antibacterial and anifungal activity respectively. Compound 7j was found the most potent one with lesser toxicity in the prepared indole derivatives.
POROGEN EFFECT TOWARDS THE QUALITY OF CURCUMIN IMPRINTED POLYMER
Authors: Azizi Emi Shaqiza , Ahmad Mohd Noor , Islam A.K.M. Shafiqul , Arbain Dahyar , Tahir Iqmal
Published: January 2019

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is gaining importance in separation technology. In this study, curcumin has been selected as template in MIP which can be applied as sorbent materials in solid-phase extraction (SPE). Effect of porogen on the quality of curcumin-MIP is very sensitive depends on the molecular size and polarity of the porogen. We varied three solvents as the porogen i.e. tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform (CHCl3) and acetonitrile (MeCN). The MIP was prepared using non-covalent approach through bulk polymerization and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) as control, also prepared using the same procedure in the absence of template. The largest imprinting factor, 1.27 was obtained from polymer P1 at ratio 1:4 of template: functional monomer. The P1 was prepared using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as porogen with the highest average pore diameter i.e. 618.43 nm trough gas adsorption analysis. This will lead to better access of curcumin during batch binding analysis.
SYNTHESIS OF 5,7-DIHYDROXY-3’,4’-DIMETHOXYISOFLAVON FROM EUGENOL
Authors: Alimuddin Andi Hairil , Matsjeh Sabirin , Anwar Chairil , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavone from eugenol as isolated product of clove leaves oil had been done. Eugenol was firstly converted into 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide via several stages of reaction. Hoeben-Hoesch reaction of 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl cyanide with phloroglucin produced 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxyphenyl ketone (deoxybenzoin intermediate) in 58% yield. Eventually, cyclization of the intermediate with reagents of BF3.OEt2/DMF/POCl3 yielded 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-isoflavone in 88% yield.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF THE FLY ASH FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT FOR IMMOBILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE
Authors: Poernomo Herry
Published: January 2019

Preliminary study of the utilization of the fly ash from coal-fired power plant for immobilizing simulated radioactive waste has been done. The objective of this research was to study characteristics of pozzolanic material of the fly ash from coal-fired power plant as substitute of compactor material for immobilizing simulated radioactive waste. The experiment was carried out by mixing of the compactor materials such as (cement + lime), (cement + fly ash), (cement + fly ash + lime), (fly ash + lime) with Na2SO4 225 g/L and KCl 4.6 g/L as simulation of evaporator concentrate according to reference waste form no. 1 on characterization of low and medium-level radioactive waste forms in the EUR 9423-EN. Each mixture of compactor materials solidified for 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Solidified result was monolith, and then its compressive strength, water absorption, and porosity were tested. The experiment result showed that the best of the compactor materials on the immobilizing simulated radioactive waste was cement of 30% (wt), fly ash of 20% (wt), and lime of 20% (wt) with compressive strength of monolith of 1512.7 N/cm2. The condenser substance on the weight ratio of fly ash/lime of 20/50 - 60/10 % (wt) as pozzolanic substance could be used for immobilizing simulated radioactive waste by compressive strength of monoliths of 345 - 610.4 N/cm2. Minimum compressive strength of monolith from radioactive waste cementation according to IAEA is 320 N/cm2, hence compressive strength of monoliths from this experiment can be expressed enough well.
ADSORPTION OF Ca(II), Pb(II) AND Ag(I) ON SULFONATO-SILICA HYBRID PREPARED FROM RICE HULL ASH
Authors: Sulastri Siti , Nuryono Nuryono , Kartini Indriana , Kunarti Eko Sri
Published: January 2019

In this research, adsorption of Ca(II), Pb(II) and Ag(I) in aqueous solution onto sulfonato-silica hybrid (SSH) prepared from rice hull ash (RHA) has been studied. The preparation of SSH adsorbent was carried out by oxidation of mercapto-silica hybrid (MSH) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution 33%. MSH was prepared, via sol-gel process, by adding 3 M hydrochloric acid solution to mixture of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution and 3(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanthiol (MPTS) to reach pH of 7.0. Solution of Na2SiO3 was generated from destruction of RHA with sodium hydroxide solution followed with heating at 500 °C for 30 min. The SSH produced was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and determination of ion-exchange capacity for sodium ion (Na+). The adsorption of Ag(I) and Ca(II) were conducted in a batch system in various concentrations for one hour. The adsorbent ion was calculated based on difference of concentrations before and after adsorption process determined using atomic absorbance spectrophotometric (AAS) method. The adsorption character was evaluated using model of isotherm Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption to calculate the capacity, constants and energy of adsorption. Result of characterization by EDX and FTIR showed qualitatively that SSH has been successfully synthesized which were indicated by appearance of characteristic absorbance of functional group namely silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si), methylene (-CH2-) and disappearance of mercapto group (SH). The XRD data showed amorphous structure of SSH, similar to silica gel (SG) and MSH. The study of adsorption thermodynamics showed that oxidation of MSH into SSH increases the ion-exchange capacity for Na+ from 0.123 to 0.575 mmol/g. The change in functional group from silanol to mercapto and from mercapto to sulfonato increases the adsorption capacity of Ca(II). However, the capacity order of adsorbents for both ions of Pb(II) and Ag(I) in aqueous solution is MSH > SG > SSH.
UTILIZATION OF RICE HUSK AS RAW MATERIAL IN SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS SILICATES MCM-41
Authors: Suyanta Suyanta , Kuncaka Agus
Published: January 2019

The research about synthesis and characterization of MCM-41 from rice husk has been done. Silica (SiO2) was extracted from rice husk by refluxing with 3M hydrochloric solution at 80 °C for 3 h. The acid-leached rice husk was filtered, washed, dried and calcined at 650 °C for 6 h lead the rough powder of rice husk silica with light brown in color. Characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR spectroscopy method. Rice husk silica was dissolved into the sodium hydroxide solution leading to the solution of sodium silicate, and used as silica source for the synthesis of MCM-41. MCM-41 was synthesized by hydrothermal process to the mixture prepared from 29 g of distilled water, 8.67 g of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB), 9.31 g of sodium silicate solution, and amount mL of 1 M H2SO4. Hydrothermal process was carried out at 100 °C in a teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave heated in the oven for 36 h. The solid phase was filtered, then washed with deionised water, and dried in the oven at 100 °C for 2 h. The surfactant CTMAB was removed by calcination at 550 °C for 10 h with heating rate 2 °C/min. The as-synthesized and calcined crystals were characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 physisorption methods. In order to investigate the effect of silica source, the same procedure was carried out by using pure sodium silicate as silica source. It was concluded that silica extracted from rice husk can be used as raw materials in the synthesis of MCM-41, there is no significant difference in crystallinity and pore properties when was compared to material produced from commercial sodium silicate.
Mg/Al HYDROTALCITE-LIKE SYNTHESIZED FROM BRINE WATER FOR EOSIN YELLOW REMOVAL
Authors: Heraldy Eddy , Triyono Triyono , Wijaya Karna , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: January 2019

Attempts to synthesis of Mg/Al HTlc using magnesium from several raw material resources are widely investigated. One of raw material would purpose as source of magnesium to synthesis of Mg/Al HTlc is brine water which is well known as the desalination process wastewater. Mg/Al HTlc are widely investigated for their potential applications in research and industrial processes as adsorbents, anionic exchange, catalysts and /or catalyst precursors for the preparation of inorganic materials and pharmaceutical industry excipients. As adsorbents, Mg/Al HTlc are receiving greater interests in the environmental community due to their high adsorption capacity. However, there is no literature available on the synthesis of Mg/Al HTlc from brine water except from artificial seawater. The objective of this research is to synthesis of Mg/Al HTlc from brine water and its ability tested for eosin yellow (EY) removal. Characterization of the Mg/Al HTlc synthesized was confirmed through X-ray Diffraction and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The effect of various experimental parameters was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. In this manner, the adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and pH effects upon EY adsorption on Mg/Al HTlc were examined. The result showed that EY data fit well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The isothermal data could be well described by the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacity was 2.41 × 10-1 mol g-1, and adsorption energy of EY was 24.89 kJ mol-1.
HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF ROD AND CHRYSANTHEMUM LIKE NANOSTRUCTURED ZnO
Authors: Putri Anissa A. , Wahyuningsih Tutik D. , Kartini Indriana
Published: January 2019

Rod and chrysanthemum-like nanostructured ZnO thin film have been prepared hydrothermally in NaOH and NH3 solution utilizing zinc nitrate hexahydrate as the precursor. ZnO thin films were grown on ITO glass substrate with the seed layer of zinc oxide. Perpendicularly aligned arrays of corrugated ZnO nanorods were grown in NaOH solution, while the chrysanthemum like structure was obtained in ammonia solution. X-Ray diffraction patterns confirmed that both morphologies presenting wurtzite crystal of ZnO. The nanorod showed strong (002) orientation of ZnO.
BIFLAVONOID COMPOUND FROM THE STEM BARK OF GAMBOGE (Garcinia xanthochymus)
Authors: Muharni Muharni , Elfita Elfita , Amanda Amanda
Published: January 2019

Garcinia xanthochymus (Guttiferae) commonly known as gamboge, is a perennial medicinal plant native to the north of Thailand and Myanmar. Gamboge is used in watercolors, as a yellow fabric dye and traditional medicine for treating diarrhea and dysentery, dispelling worms clearing away fire and removing food toxin. Phytochemical investigations on the methanol extract of the stem bark of Garcinia xanthochymus resulted in isolation of one biflavonoid compound (+)-morelloflavon. The structure of this compound was deduced on basis of spectroscopic data including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC and HMBC and comparison with the reported data. This compound has been reported from others species of Garcinia.
IRON CHELATING AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF KAYU MANIK LEAVES (Trema orientalis)
Authors: Yudha S. Salprima , Angasa Eka , Ningsih Sri , Manaf Syalfinaf , Murni Suli Anggria , Umbara Fatan
Published: January 2019

A methanol soluble fraction extracted from Kayu Manik leaves (Trema orientalis) from Seluma, Bengkulu, exhibited an antiradical activity 69.73% (scavenging activity of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical) that was almost similar to that of 1 mM ascorbic acid. On the other hand, the iron chelating activity was 40.74%. We believe that it would be useful to take the results as an alternative for processing industries and can be observed as a good source of new agent for iron chelator.