bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated medical diagnosis of dementia through fine-tuned EfficientNet
Authors: Bansal Deepika , Chhikara Rita , Khanna Kavita , Dua Rakesh Kumar , Malhotra Rajeev
Published: November 2024

Automated models using deep learning are more extensively used in medical imaging in the last decade. The present study contributes to the diagnosis of dementia using MRI. Dementia is a syndrome that deteriorates the cognitive function of the brain. The disease has no cure, till now, except for the prior diagnosis. The present study aims for classifying the MRI scans of two datasets OASIS and ADNI into 2 categories: binary and multi-classification. To achieve the objective, the EfficientNetB0 architecture of deep learning is fine-tuned by adding three dense layers on the top of the network. The swish activation function is used in the inner dense layers added. The dropout and batch normalization layers are also added for dealing with the problem of overfitting. This architecture offers high accuracy and high efficiency compared to other pre-trained networks. The model is assessed on various performance measures and outperformed the state of art techniques. For the OASIS dataset, the best testing accuracy for binary classification is 93.10% with a 0.01 learning rate. The sensitivity is 95.93%, specificity is 90.08%, false-negative rate is 4.07, the false-positive rate is 9.92 and the F1-score is 93.48%. The best testing accuracy of multi-classification is 84.50% with a 0.001 learning rate. For the ADNI dataset, the best testing accuracy is 96.08% with a learning rate of 0.001. The sensitivity is 94.74%, specificity is 99.32%, false-negative rate is 5.26, the false-positive rate is 0.68 and the f1-score is 97.16%. The best testing accuracy of multi-classification is 98.10 with a 0.01 learning rate. The proposed model can be utilized for developing an automated framework to help medical services to improve decision-making.
Analysis of Multimodal Metaphors in Ink and Wash Picture Books of Chinese Characters
Authors: CHEN Jun , HUA Jie
Published: November 2024

The analysis of multimodal metaphors in Ink and Wash Picture Books of Chinese Characters centers the integration of Chinese characters and picture books. It explores how this innovative format preserves and reinterprets Chinese culture through the interplay of visual art and linguistic symbols. The paper employs multimodal analysis to reveal the metaphorical representations of Chinese characters within the picture books, which serve both as visual symbols and carriers of deep cultural and semantic information. The research indicates that the design of Chinese characters in these books not only highlights their aesthetic attributes but also creates a variety of visual metaphors through shape, color, and spatial layout, enhancing narrative content and jointly constructing meaning. Furthermore, the picture books facilitate the spread of traditional Chinese culture by using Chinese characters as a bridge and applying cross-cultural artistic techniques.
Las fronteras avanzan, las bases las impulsan
Authors: Loredo Medrano José Ángel
Published: November 2024

Recientemente el eminente y admirado Michio Kaku manifestó que lo referente a los viajes en el tiempo es un tema completado por los científicos, las estructuras teóricas están suficientemente soportadas y que ahora corresponde a los ingenieros dar continuidad para que estos soñados viajes se vuelvan realidad, aunque estamos menos maravillados que los pre socráticos o los humanos de las cavernas, estamos más ansiosos por consumir o protagonizar. También es oportuno recordar que cuando Michael Faraday mostró su descubrimiento de la electricidad ante la realeza y le cuestionaron para que serviría, sabiamente declaró que lo único seguro es que cuando fuera útil, le pondrían un impuesto. Hoy podríamos decir: no sabemos si nosotros podremos viajar en el tiempo, pero el día que eso suceda, los primeros serán quienes tengan la mayor cantidad de dólares y por qué no, enviar un autorretrato (lo masivamente llamado “selfie”) no solo de un lugar exótico sino desde una fecha pasada. Si es que la contaminación no nos ha freído (como escuché a uno de mis profesores en 1999 y ahora que redacto estas líneas estamos viviendo una temperatura de 43 °C en Monterrey, México y en broma y en serio es una de las primaveras más frescas del resto de nuestra vida).
Un mal chiste
Authors: Ramírez Sanabria Alfonso Enrique
Published: November 2024

Un gran amigo (q.e.p.d.), químico él, magister y doctor en química, me contó una vez la siguiente anécdota “una vez estábamos varios estudiantes de la U (conscientemente se omite el nombre de la Universidad), contaba él,  compartiendo al calor de unas “polas” cuando alguno de ellos, que no me conocía, me preguntó: oiga ¿Usted es ingeniero? Y yo le contesté que no, que a mi si me tocó estudiar”. Pues resulta que lo que a uno le va a suceder pues le sucede, esa es una regla de la Vida, la cual está bien sustentada por diversas teorías de la Biología que terminan por convertirse en leyes [1]. Durante una visita a una de las empresas del sector alimenticio de nuestro País, la persona que se nos asignó para presentarnos y explicarnos todos los procesos de dicha industria, lo cual hacia con solvencia, con conocimiento y con fundamento, me preguntó: ¿Usted es ingeniero, cierto?, yo respondí como lo hizo mi amigo: no, que a mi si me había tocado estudiar! Y al notar cierta incomodidad en él, le pregunté: ¿y Usted, es químico?, a lo cual él me respondió: No, yo soy ingeniero, a mí también me tocó estudiar!
Etherification of isoamyl alcohol using Amberlyst®15 as an acid catalyst
Authors: Duran Daniel , Miranda Cristian , Ramírez Alfonso , Urresta Julian
Published: November 2024

The present work reports on the production of di-isoamyl ether from the etherification of isoamyl alcohol, using the sulphonic resin Amberlyst®-15 (A-15) as a catalyst. Parameters such as temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst were studied. Although the etherification reaction shows low conversions (9-18%), when glycerol is added to the reaction medium and an external pressure to the reaction system (3.5 atm), the conversion increases up to 40% and a yield up to 100% can be obtained towards di-isoamyl ether.
Language and Identity in Ketepik Bulian Padi Played in Gambus Belitung: A Sociolinguistic Study
Authors: Sulaiman Aimie , Wijayanti Nurvita , Fernanda Andri
Published: November 2024

Gambus and song lyrics complement each other, creating harmony while representing the history and cultural identity of their communities. This study aims to explore identity through diction choices, phonological processes, and musical notes in Gambus. These elements are assumed to reflect social relations and cultural identity. The sociolinguistic theory of isolect and identity theory are applied to analyze the lyrics and musical notes. This qualitative descriptive study employs library research using the song lyrics of Ketepik Belian Padi and the Gambus melody played by Sukino (a Gambus maestro) and his daughter, accessible at https://youtu.be/wEJMsTUhY9c. The research addresses two questions: (1) How is Ketepik Belian Padi in Gambus Belitung portrayed as a social identity? and (2) How is Ketepik Belian Padi in Gambus Belitung used as an element of social identity? The findings show that the identity of the people of East Belitung is deeply influenced by historical events and is preserved through these song lyrics.
Atuação docente com os alunos especiais na Escola Professora Zélia Flexa da Silva, no município de Magalhães Barata, estado do Pará – Brasil
Authors: Teles Candida Celia Cesar , Monteiro Ivete da Paixão , Sousa Junia Marise Silva de , Cardoso Maria Barbara da Costa
Published: November 2024

Esta produção, trata de ressaltar a educação especial que foi ganhando espaço nas escolas regulares. Mas, não se pode dizer que essa caminhada foi um tapete de flores em vista de se encontrar espinhos, que vem sendo aparados até a atualidade, em meio as percepções dos diferentes horizontes de desafios docentes para se trabalhar a aprendizagem com alunos da sala de Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE. Objetivo: apresentar os resultados da atuação docentes em salas especiais da Escola Professora Zélia Flexa da Silva, no município de Magalhães Barata, no estado do Pará. Metodologia: Metodologia: pesquisa de campo, social (feita com pessoas), de natureza quanti-qualitativa, de abordagem descritiva realizada na Escola Professora Zélia Flexa da Silva, no Município de Magalhães Barata/Pa. Resultados: a amostra consistiu na participação de 10 (dez) docentes que trabalham com alunos especiais na Escola Professora Zélia Flexa da Silva, no Município de Magalhães Barata/Pa. Considerações Finais: Verificou-se que, os desafios dos docentes na sala de Atendimento Educacional Especializado, começa com o medo deste professor, não se sentir competente com as atribuições que lhe são impostas, assim como identificar nas salas comuns este aluno que precisa ser assistido, fazer o contato relacional com a família e organizar todo o aparato de recursos pedagógicos, utilizando-se de estratégias que garantam a acessibilidade deste aluno considerando a individualidade, potencialidade e habilidade para que este aluno avance e obtenha êxito no seu caminhar educacional.
POLG p.A962T Mutation Leads to Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction That is Restored After Mitochondrial Transplantation
Authors: Hu W , Shi C , Guo H , Zhang B
Published: November 2024

Mutations in DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) are known as the predominant cause of inherited mitochondrial disorders. But how these POLG mutations disturb mitochondrial function remains to be determined. Furthermore, no effective therapy, to date, has been reported for POLG diseases. Using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuronal model cell line, the current study investigated whether the novel POLG variant p.A962T impairs mitochondrial function. This involved quantifying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content using PCR and assessing the expression levels of the subunits of complex IV (COXI-IV), a complex I subunit NDUFV1 and Cytochrome C (Cyto C) release using Western blotting. Activities of mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV were measured using colorimetric assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP were evaluated using fluorescence assays and luminescent assays, respectively. In addition, we investigated whether mitochondrial transplantation (MT) using Pep-1-conjugated mitochondria could compensate for mitochondrial defects caused by the variant in cells carrying mutant POLG. The results of this study showed that POLG p.A962T mutation resulted in mitochondrial defects, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reduction. Mechanistically, POLG mutation-caused mtDNA depletion led to the loss of mtDNA-encoded subunits of complex I and IV and thus compromised their activities. POLG p.A962T mutation is a pathogenic mutation leading to mitochondrial malfunction and mtDNA depletion in neurons. Cell-penetrating peptide Pep-1-mediated MT treatment compensated for mitochondrial defects induced by these POLG variants, suggesting the therapeutic application of this method in POLG diseases.
Effect of modern red clover & nitrogen fertiliser on yield, quality and botanical composition of a hybrid ryegrass sward
Authors: Harrison Fraser , Gunn Blake , Anderson Sam , Visser Luke , Mckenzie Sarah , Moorhead Allister , Ehoche Grace
Published: November 2024

The advantages to pasture quality and quantity using red clover in New Zealand farm systems is becoming more recognised. The performance of tetraploid hybrid ryegrass, with and without red clover, and with and without nitrogen fertiliser (276 kg N/ha/annum) was compared with a pure red clover stand in three replicated plot experiments, established in 2019 in the Manawatu, Canterbury and Southland provinces of New Zealand. This paper presents the combined multi-site analysis of treatment, season, and year, comparing dry matter (DM) production, composition and feed quality under a cutting regime for 3 years. Adding both red clover and fertiliser to hybrid ryegrass increased total dry matter production, metabolizable energy and crude protein concentration of the pasture. Hybrid ryegrass without fertiliser yielded 24,660 kg DM/ha over three years, while the addition of red clover or nitrogen fertiliser separately increased total yield (p<0.001) by 18,180 and 14,850 kg DM/ha respectively. When combined, yield was increased (p<0.001) by 23,340 kg DM/ha. Fertiliser use and season had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the red clover percentage of the pasture. While fertiliseruse decreased the percentage contribution of the clover to total yield, total yield was increased from additional grass growth particularly in late spring and summer and additional red clover growth in summer. The addition of red clover in pasture significantly increased overall and seasonal production regardless of fertiliser practice. Maintaining fertiliser contributed to a balanced feed curve with high total production and benefiting the autumn-winter production phase.
Adaptation Processes of Koreans in Surkhandaryo Province
Authors: Kabulov E. , Ashurova U.
Published: November 2024

Article is devoted to the study of adaptation processes and socio-economic integration of Koreans who settled in Surkhandarya region as a result of the deportation of Koreans from the Far East to Uzbekistan SSR in 1937. Through historical and sociological methods of analysis, the article examines Koreans' contribution to agriculture, their integration into local society, and their efforts to preserve their cultural heritage. Based on archival materials, statistical analyzes are presented about the activities of the collective farm “Iskra” in Shorchi district, the production of agricultural products and labor standards. The results of the study shed light on Koreans` adaptation to the new social environment and their contributions to society.
Basic Principles of Physical Education in Strengthening the Child's Body
Authors: Tagiev A.
Published: November 2024

Physical education of children is necessary for the formation of physically healthy, socially perfect and morally pure people. The rules of organization of physical education of preschool children are analyzed. Information on planning physical education and organization of events in preschool institutions is provided. Physical education classes, including morning hygienic gymnastics, athletics, walks and excursions, as well as dynamic games, diversify the physical education work of children. Correct, accurate and timely implementation of these activities contributes to the comprehensive development of children. Information is given on the feasibility of physical education taking into account the age, gender and physical fitness of children. The article highlights the action of the basic principles for all general education.
Historical and Analytical Aspect of the Study of the Moral Value of Folk Games
Authors: Bayramova Z. , Bayramova S. , Mammadov N.
Published: November 2024

Folk games are an integral part of the culture and life of every nation. Folk games developed on the basis of certain patterns and were associated with the economic development of society and the formation of a person in society. Throughout the historical existence of a nation, the game reflects all aspects of its life, has a direct impact on the development of the individual in society, preserving its identity as a national treasure and value belonging to the people. Azerbaijan is the birthplace of a large number of national games. Folk games, having gone through their long historical path, have repeatedly been subject to certain changes of time, the demands of society.
Use of Russian and Kyrgyz Languages in Private Medical Centers in the Capital of Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Grigorieva O.
Published: November 2024

This article examines the frequency of use of Russian, Kyrgyz and other languages in private medical centers in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, identifies the features of printed advertising texts and Internet resources that facilitate the functioning of these organizations. The article presents factual data collected during a sociolinguistic study, which are the basis for the formation of grammar language planning in one of the post-Soviet republics. Methods of social linguistics were used to collect the material. The work is of interest to linguists, sociologists, cultural scientists and historians as a source for analyzing the modern socio-linguistic situation in the former republics of the Soviet Union and the modern area of ​​the Russian-speaking space located outside the Russian Federation. In addition, the work allows doctors from different countries to form an idea of communication between colleagues and patients in private medical centers in Bishkek, which directly affects the ability to find work in this region. The scientific article provides an analysis of texts posted on websites and in the Internet space, as well as in advertising brochures, manuals, bulletins, where the dominant role of the Russian language is noted. It should be noted that the article contains an analysis of the graphics used by private medical centers when registering with the Ministry of Justice, in the media and the Internet. In this case, cases of merging Latin and Cyrillic graphics are noted, which indicates a desire to use international medical vocabulary in characterizing the specifics of many centers.
A Comparative Analysis of the Concept “өмүр/life” in Kyrgyz and English Linguacultura
Authors: Berdibekova B. , Isakova A. , Madmarova G.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the concept "Өмүр/Life" in Kyrgyz and English linguacultural, based on data from an associative experiment. The comparative method reveals the differences and similarities in the perception of the concept of "life" in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of Kyrgyz and English. Special attention is paid to extralinguistic aspects such as rituals and traditions that accompany a person through the stages of life — from birth to the later stages. The paper emphasizes that the rituals and traditions of a people reflect all stages of a person's life and play a significant role in shaping the national worldview. Linguacultural analysis shows that, despite differences in cultural contexts, the concept of "life" holds a central place in both Kyrgyz and English cultures.
Role of Rice Husk Biochar for Alleviation against Drought in Wheat Plant
Authors: Batool Aniqa , Parveen Iqra , Ghufran Muhammad Asad , Kulsoom Syeda Umme , Nadeem Nayyab , Naqvi Syed Daniyal Kazim
Published: November 2024

Climate change is causing the world to experience drought stress, which makes the planet water-stressed and unable to supply the demand for water for agriculture. Wheat, the queen of cereal crops, is the second most widely grown crop in the world, and one-third of all people eat it. It serves as a mainstay diet as well. The globe should have to adjust to new crop-cultivation techniques since the high temperatures cause plants to evapotranspirate at a faster rate. Biochar can improve nitrogen uptake and bring out the chemical characteristics of the soil. In the nursery, a controlled pot experiment was carried out wherein wheat seedlings were sown in pots, and biochar (derived from rice husk) was applied in varying percentages (3% and 6%) to assess the growth and water use efficiency of the plants under varying water stress conditions (75% and 50% field capacity). In addition to speeding up wheat plant development, the addition of biochar greatly lessened the impacts of drought. After 90 days of the experiment, the wheat plant reached a height of 41 cm and a maximum root length of 13 cm. The relative water content was 79.76% of 75% FC and 6% biochar-treated plants. The results of the energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests further indicated the most hydrophilicity on the surface of rice husk biochar, likely due to the abundance of oxygen- and carbon-containing functional groups in the biochar samples. This study concluded that biochar played a beneficial impact in reducing the drought conditions experienced by wheat plants growing in water-deficient environments, which would aid in the achievement of sustainable irrigation.
Gamma Irradiation Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Cellular System of Rats: Protective and Ameliorative Roles of Adansonia digitata and Corchorous olitorius Leaves Based Diet
Authors: Kabir Bello Olamilekan , Bukoye OLOYEDE Hussein Oyelola , Oyewole SALAWU Musa , Omolola HASSAN Sofiat
Published: November 2024

Gamma irradiations exacerbate reactive oxygen (RO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation in cellular system of rats. ROS/RNS increased nuclear factor kappa-B (Nf-kB) level, such that, it has been implicated in increased phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) activities. An increased PDE-5 activities have been implicated in erectile dysfunction. Several PDE-5 inhibitors have been in use, but have come with deleterious side effects, hence, there is need to have safe and natural PDE-5 inhibitors. Hence, this study investigated the protective and ameliorative effects of A. digitata and C. olitorius leaves based-diet on gamma irradiation-induced erectile dysfunction. A total of 48 Wistar rats (190±10g) were grouped into 8 groups of 6. Except for group I, all other groups were exposed to 6 grey gamma irradiation; Groups I and II were fed with leaves-free formulated diet and water only, groups III, IV and V were fed with leaves-based-diet of A.digitata, C. olitorius and combination before they were exposed to irradiation, whereas groups VI, VII and VIII were exposed to irradiation before they were fed with the leaves-based-diet respectively. The rats were sacrificed, tissues and blood were collected for PDE-5 and Nf-kB assays. Radiation significantly (p0.05) increased the activities of PDE-5 and Nf-kB concentration in rats. Administration of the A. digitata and C. olitorius leaves based-diet significantly (p0.05) reduced PDE-5 activities and Nf-kB concentration when compared with the irradiation control group. It can be concluded that leaves of A.digitata and C.olitorius may be used against erectile dysfunction.
Enhancing performance factor analysis through skill profile and item similarity integration via an attention mechanism of artificial intelligence
Authors: Mehrabi Amirreza , Morphew Jason W. , Quezada Breejha S.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Frequent formative assessment is essential for accurately evaluating student learning, enhancing engagement, and providing personalized feedback. In STEM education, understanding the relationship between skills that students have internalized (mastered) and those they are developing (emergent) is crucial. Traditional models, including item response and cognitive diagnosis models, primarily focus on emergent skills, often overlooking internalized skills. Moreover, new tools like large language models lack a complete approach for tracking knowledge and capturing complex skill relationships.

Methods

This study incorporates artificial intelligence, specifically attention mechanisms, into educational assessment to evaluate both emergent and internalized skills. We propose a modified version of Performance Factor Analysis (PFA), which assesses student abilities by analyzing past responses and comparing them with peer performance on the same items, using parameters from a sigmoid function. This model leverages attention mechanisms to capture item order-based similarity and decay principles, providing a nuanced view of student skill profiles.

Results

The Modified Performance Factor Analysis model significantly improved discriminative power, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores across various skill areas compared to traditional PFA models.

Discussion

These results indicate that the Modified Performance Factor Analysis model allows for a more accurate and comprehensive evaluation of student performance, effectively identifying both emergent and internalized skills. By integrating AI into assessment, educators gain deeper insights, enabling them to refine teaching strategies and better support students' mastery of both types of skills.
Staring into a crystal ball: understanding evolution and development of in vivo aquatic organismal transparency
Authors: Hotta Kohji , Miyasaka Shunsuke O. , Oka Kotaro , Shito Takumi T.
Published: November 2024

Organismal transparency is an ecologically important trait that can provide camouflage advantages to diverse organisms. Transparent organisms are quite common—especially in oceans. Organismal transparency requires low absorption and scattering of light in the body across multi-scale levels. However, it is still not fully understood how such organisms achieve these requirements. Understanding this process requires multiple approaches from various fields and methods. Here, we offer recent insights on this topic from the viewpoints of evolution, developmental biology, and evaluation methodologies of organismal transparency. We also propose “organismal transparency biology” as a new interdisciplinary field of study. Furthermore, we suggest that tunicates are an ideal model animal for studying in vivo organismal transparency.
Case report: Long remission and survival following immunotherapy in a case of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma
Authors: Wang Tongshan , Chen Muyang , Wang Anpeng , Zhang Hao
Published: November 2024

In 2020, we reported on a case involving a 68-year-old male patient with a rare instance of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma exhibiting high PD-L1 expression. The patient experienced significant therapeutic success with the use of pembrolizumab, achieving partial tumor remission. Following the publication of that report, the patient continued on pembrolizumab at a dose of 200 mg/dl for 27 cycles, subsequently transitioning to a combination of pembrolizumab and bevacizumab for eight cycles. Due to elevated blood pressure, the regimen was adjusted back to monotherapy with pembrolizumab. As of July 9, 2024, the patient remains alive with a satisfactory quality of life. This follow-up report, coupled with a review of the literature from 2021 to 2024 on pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma and its immunotherapeutic approaches, aims to present new insights and innovative strategies for treating this rare form of cancer.
Effect of exogenous thermophilic biocontrol agent inoculum on the high temperature chicken manure composting
Authors: Liu Zuojun , Yin Qiang , Fang Yong , Zhang Xueping , Xia Wensheng , Jiao Zhentong , Song Tao , Wan Heyan , Guo Ting
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Aerobic composting is an effective method for utilizing chicken manure. However, its low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio leads to slow heating and short high-temperature phases, which reduce composting efficiency and product quality.

Methods

To address this issue, splinted mushroom cultivation residues were added to adjust the C/N ratio, and exogenous thermophilic composting strains were introduced to increase composting temperature. This study analyzed the relationship between physicochemical metabolites and microbial community structure during high-temperature chicken manure composting.

Results and discussion

Based on metagenomic and physicochemical analyses, results showed that the exogenous microbial agents extended the thermophilic phase by three-times, reduced the heating phase duration by 75%, and increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and soluble organic carbon contents by 3.61, 21.63, 7.21, and 39.03%, respectively. Genes associated with amino acid metabolism were significantly enriched during the heating phase, while genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were more active in the thermophilic phase. During the thermophilic phase, bacterial diversity and richness decreased compared to the heating and cooling phases. Functional microbes such as Bacillus, Caldicoprobacter, and Virgibacillus showed a positive correlation with the key differential metabolites. While Actinomadura, Saccharomonospora, Paenibacillus, and Aneurinibacillus displayed an opposite correlation. Further experiments demonstrated that the increased temperature during the thermophilic phase triggered the upregulation of oleic acid metabolism and piperidine metabolism pathways in functional microorganisms, leading to the production of heat stabilizers and protective agents like oleic acid, gallic acid, and 2-piperidone. This phenomenon helped maintain microbial viability during the thermophilic phase and improved composting efficiency.
The role and mechanism of “eight famous herbals in Zhejiang” in cancer via network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: Ni Ziheng , Zhang Hao , Chen Fengyun , Yang Mengjie , Yang Liting , Zhou Yuan , Zhou Xianmin , Guo Jiayi , Rao Xinyu , Cen Jiaqi , Lv Qun , Wang Jianjun , Du Lailing , Chen Gongxing , Liu Shuiping
Published: November 2024

In recent years, some components and active ingredients from the herbal formula “eight famous herbals in Zhejiang” (Zhe-Ba-Wei) have been reported to possess antitumor properties. However, there is still no systemic study on the role and mechanism of Zhe-Ba-Wei in cancer. To systematically investigate the anticancer efficacy of Zhe-Ba-Wei, we first identified 17 reported active ingredients with gene targets associated with various types of tumors. Second, we screened these active ingredients and their responding multiple shared targets by analyzing the convergence of diverse and tumor-specific target sites and identified four crucial active ingredients (ferulic acid, quercetin, rutin, luteolin), which were characterized by 27 overlapping gene targets. Third, these 27 gene targets were subsequently mapped onto the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology term, and among the 27 total potential targets, 12 were involved in plasma membrane function. Fourth, we investigated the binding affinities between the four crucial active ingredients and their potential targets such as EGFR and MET, both of which are well-known oncogenes in various cancers. Subsequently, an investigation of the computational ADMET properties showed that most of these four ingredients exhibited good ADMET properties. Finally, we found that three active ingredients (ferulic acid, luteolin, and quercetin) could inhibit the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells and decrease the protein expression of EGFR in a concentration-dependent manner. All these results shed light on the bioactive components, pharmacological effects, and drug development and utilization of Zhe-Ba-Wei, aiming to provide useful support for its further research and clinical application.
The riddle of recurrent fever: a clinical approach to pediatric autoinflammatory diseases
Authors: Meertens B. , Hoste L. , Tavernier S. J. , Haerynck F.
Published: November 2024

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a group of immunodysregulatory disorders resulting in the increased release or signaling of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with AIDs present systemic inflammation in sterile conditions, which are mainly caused by defects in the innate immune system. Fever is one of the typical symptoms of this derailed immune signaling. In addition, autoinflammatory diseases manifest with varying other symptoms during flare-ups and interphasic periods. The diagnosis of these rare diseases poses numerous challenges. This paper provides an overview of AIDs that arise in childhood and in which fever commonly presents as a symptom. It outlines clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management for each syndrome. Additionally, we discuss a comprehensive diagnostic approach for children where an AID is suspected.
Expression of activin A in liver tissue and the outcome of patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Džepina Petra , Ćorić Marijana , Kovačić Perica Matea , Aničić Mirna Natalija , Grizelj Ruža , Vuković Jurica
Published: November 2024

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare disease of unknown etiology which leads to cirrhosis and death if left untreated. The standard of care is an early hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE). Long-term follow-up is mandatory, during which most patients will require a liver transplant. Activin A belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. TGF-β is a central regulator in chronic liver disease. We have studied the expression of activin A in liver tissue collected intraoperatively during the HPE. We included patients who underwent HPE in a single medical center. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathohistological data were collected. Activin A immunostaining was performed. Expression in the bile duct epithelium and hepatocytes was scored as either weakly positive, moderately positive, or strongly positive. Patients were then divided into three groups accordingly. We observed the outcome after the HPE at 3 months, 2 years, and at the end of follow-up. The study encompassed 37 patients. At 3 months after HPE, 92.3% of those with a weakly positive activin A reaction (group A) achieved good jaundice clearance, whereas only 44.4% of those with a moderately (group B) and 40% of those with a strongly positive reaction (group C) achieved good jaundice clearance (p = 0.008). Furthermore, 2 years after the HPE, 92.3% of those in group A survived with native liver (SNL), but only 33.3% of those in group B and 46.7% of those in group C had SNL (p = 0.007). At the end of follow-up, 83.3% of those in group A survived with native liver, as did 33.3% in group B and 40% in group C. Activin A is a valuable pathohistological predictor of the outcome of BA after an HPE.
Association between blood lead and periodontitis among American adults: a cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: Liu Yang , Wu Yuchuan , Shi Xiaolu , Tian Ye , Zhai Shaobo , Yang Zheng , Chu Shunli
Published: November 2024

Background

Lead is persistent in the environment as a toxic substance and accumulates in the human body. Lead exposure has far-reaching harmful effects on all human systems and is widely recognized as a health and public health concern. Lead exposure poses a significant risk to oral health, as it destroys salivary glands and alveolar bone. It also induces oxidative stress which results in an immune response. Lead exposure appears to adversely affect periodontal tissues. Currently, the available evidence on the relationship between blood lead and periodontitis is insufficient and further research is necessary.

Objective

In this study, the objectives were to clarify the association between blood lead and periodontitis, as well as to explore potential dose-response relationships between blood lead exposure and periodontitis, as well as to determine appropriate thresholds for the effects of blood lead on periodontitis.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,550 participants with American adults aged 30 or older. blood Lead, periodontitis, age, sex, race, heart rate, education level, poverty index, marital status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, hypertension, diabetes and stroke. were collected from participants. Logistic regression, smooth curve fittingwere utilized to substantiate the research objectives.

Results

There were a total of 8,550 participants of which 52.2% (4,467/8,550) had moderate/severe periodontitis. Compared with Q1 (0.15–0.93 ug/L), where blood lead levels were lower, the OR values for adjusted blood lead and periodontitis in Q2 (0.93–1.60 ug/L) and Q3 (1.60–61.29 ug/L) were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, P < 0.001) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.34–1.52, P < 0.001). The association between blood lead levels and periodontitis exhibited a curve (non-linear, P < 0.001), with an inflection point of roughly 2.700 ug/L. The OR values for moderate/severe periodontitis in participants with blood lead levels <2.700ug/L was 1.318 (95% CI: 1.193–1.457, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Blood lead levels are positively associated with periodontitis. Blood lead levels increased by five units and were associated with an increase in moderate and severe periodontitis risk by 36%. There is a curvilinear relationship between blood lead and periodontitis with a threshold effect and an inflection point of approximately 2.7 ug/L.
Biotic and abiotic factors affecting soil microbial carbon use efficiency
Authors: Tang Xinyu , Li Zhenxin , Yuan Jihong , Yu Weirui , Luo Wenbo
Published: November 2024

Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) refers to the efficiency of microorganisms in converting absorbed carbon into their own biomass carbon. Soil microbial CUE is a key parameter to understanding the soil carbon cycle. Biotic and abiotic factors are widely considered to be important factors influencing CUE. However, the related underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review elaborates on the concept of soil microbial CUE and the various approaches used for its measurement. We reviewed the effects of various abiotic factors, such as temperature, soil moisture, pH, nutrient addition, and substrate type, and biotic factors, such as microbial community structure and diversity, on CUE. Finally, we discussed the focus areas that future studies need to further explore. We hope this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors impacting soil microbial CUE, which is a fundamental step to improving soil carbon storage capacity.
Antagonistic effects of endophytic fungi from Camellia reticulata pedicels on yeasts: implications for antimicrobial mechanism of nectar
Authors: Huang Rong , Meng Qingxin , Xun Lijie , Wu Xiaoman , Yue Dan , Zhao Wenzheng , Dong Xia , Gong Xueyang , Dong Kun
Published: November 2024

Endophytic fungi are extensive in plant tissues and involved in the defense against stress from harmful microbes. The interaction between pedicel endophytic fungi and nectar yeasts is critical for maintaining nectar homeostasis. This study used Camellia reticulata as the research subject. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the community composition of endophytic fungi in the pedicel is dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Their abundance varies at different taxonomic levels, showing sample variability. In total, 27 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated and screened from the pedicel under laboratory conditions. They exhibited antagonistic effects against three nectar yeasts (Metschnikowia reukaufii, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodotorula glutinis) and displayed morphological and physiological diversity. The isolates were classified into the phylum Ascomycota and further categorized into the genera Alternaria, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Dactylaria. The endophytic fungus D23, which effectively antagonizes nectar yeasts, was identified as Alternaria alternata. This fungus produces various secondary metabolites, including antibiotics such as penicillin G, grandiomycin, and cephalosporin C. The metabolic pathways involved include the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoids, amino acids, nucleotides, and antibiotics. The endophytic fungal community in C. reticulata pedicel is rich and diverse, making it a valuable material for screening antagonistic strains. This study provides a theoretical basis for the antagonistic effects of endophytic fungal metabolites from the pedicel of C. reticulata against nectar yeasts, highlighting their significance in maintaining nectar stability and reproductive fitness in cross-pollinated plants.
Understanding quality of life in bipolar disorder: associated factors and coping strategies
Authors: Alzahrani Hessah
Published: November 2024

Background

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental health condition that significantly affects an individual's quality of life (QoL). While previous research has primarily concentrated on the clinical aspects of BD, there is increasing interest in understanding the factors associated with QoL in this population. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the effects of different coping strategies on the overall QoL of individuals with BD, encompassing the physical, psychological, and social dimensions, while comparing adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. The study sample included 96 outpatients diagnosed with BD recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics in Riyadh and Dammam, Saudi Arabia, as well as a broader BD community. Participants completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE) questionnaires.

Results

The findings indicated that problem-focused coping strategies, such as seeking support and taking direct action to manage stress, were associated with better QoL among individuals with bipolar disorder. In contrast, emotion-focused strategies such as self-blame are linked to lower QoL.

Conclusion

These results contribute to the limited research on QoL in BD, particularly in Arab and Saudi societies, and underscore the need for targeted interventions aimed at developing effective coping mechanisms to enhance the wellbeing of individuals with BD.
A micro-CT study of the pulp cavity morphology of maxillary fourth premolar teeth in dogs
Authors: Morin Marie-Christine , D'Astous Jérôme
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The objectives of the present study were (1) to describe the anatomy of the endodontic system of the dog's maxillary fourth premolar tooth (MxPM4) in relation to the morphology of the crown, (2) to determine if variations of the endodontic system exist, and (3) to look at the implications for endodontic treatment.

Methods

Ten MxPM4 were harvested en bloc and scanned using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Results

The morphology of the pulp chamber mostly corresponded with the shape of the crown. Three pulp horns were clearly visible and related to the paracone, the metacone, and the metastyle. Nevertheless, the pulp horns of the metacone and metastyle could be fused, partially fused or distinct. Other pulp projections were also present, but rarely, in the parastyle, the protocone, and the plesioconule. All teeth showed a noticeable angulation of an average of 150 degrees at the coronal third of the mesiopalatal canal.

Discussion

Thus, the most common transcoronal approach for root canal treatment does not allow a straight access to the apex. There were also minor variations in the locations of the canal orifices. This first micro-CT study of the MxPM4 in dogs showed anatomical features and variations of the pulp cavity that have not been described before.
The Impact of E-HRM Tools on Employee Engagement
Authors: Stachová Katarína , Stacho Zdenko , Šamalík Peter , Sekan Filip
Published: November 2024

The examination of the impact of digital innovations on employee motivation and engagement is crucial given the rapid technological advancements. This study focused on digital HRM practices, such as digital interaction platforms. The results indicated that respondents generally had positive to neutral views on these practices, with big data analytics receiving the highest rating for its potential to enhance organizational performance and employee engagement. The study revealed a moderately strong positive correlation between the use of digital platforms and big data analytics, suggesting a holistic approach to digital transformation in HRM. However, a weak correlation between digital innovations and engagement suggests that the direct impact of digital tools on employee engagement is limited by other factors. Larger companies tend to implement advanced digital HRM practices more due to their greater resources. The study’s limitations include a restricted sample from the Central and Eastern European region and reliance on self-assessed data. Future studies should include more diverse regions and long-term studies, combining quantitative data with qualitative insights. Digital innovations in HRM offer promises for process improvement and data-driven decision-making, but their impact on employee engagement is complex and requires an integrated approach of technological and managerial practices.
Multi-Criteria Analysis for Geospatialization of Potential Areas for Water Reuse in Irrigated Agriculture in Hydrographic Regions
Authors: Carvalho Ana Paula Pereira , Carvalho Ana Claudia Pereira , Niz Mirian Yasmine Krauspenhar , Rossi Fabrício , Tommaso Giovana , Gomes Tamara Maria
Published: November 2024

As the climate crisis progresses, droughts and the seasonal availability of fresh water are becoming increasingly common in different regions of the world. One solution to tackle this problem is the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture. This study was carried out in two significant hydrographic regions located in the southeast of Brazil (Mogi Guaçu River Water Management Unit—UGRHI-09 and Piracicaba River Basin—PRB) that have notable differences in terms of land use and land cover. The aim of this study was to carry out a multi-criteria analysis of a set of environmental attributes in order to classify the areas under study according to their levels of soil suitability and runoff potential. The integrated analysis made it possible to geospatialize prospective regions for reuse, under two specified conditions. In the UGRHI-09, condition 1 corresponds to 3373.24 km2, while condition 2 comprises 286.07 km2, located mainly in the north-western and central-eastern portions of the unit. In the PRB, condition 1 was also more expressive in occupational terms, corresponding to 1447.83 km2; and condition 2 was perceptible in 53.11 km2, predominantly in the central region of the basin. The physical characteristics of the areas studied were decisive in delimiting the areas suitable for the reuse of treated wastewater.
Effects of Nutrient Deficiency on Crop Yield and Soil Nutrients Under Winter Wheat–Summer Maize Rotation System in the North China Plain
Authors: Sun Zheng , Yang Rulan , Wang Jie , Zhou Peng , Gong Yu , Gao Fei , Wang Chuangyun
Published: November 2024

The wheat–maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP) has a large amount of crop straw. However, improper crop straw management and blind fertilization lead to nutrient imbalance and accelerated nutrient loss from the soil, ultimately leading to nutrient deficiency affecting the wheat–maize rotation system. In order to explore the effects of nutrient deficiency on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat and maize, the experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design consisting of five treatments with three replicates for each treatment: (1) a potassium fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer treatment (NP); (2) a phosphate fertilizer deficiency and appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment (NK); (3) a nitrogen fertilizer deficiency and appropriate phosphate and potassium fertilizer treatment (PK); (4) an adequate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment (NPK); and (5) a no-fertilizer treatment (CK). The results showed that, compared with CK, the yields of wheat and maize treated with NPK were increased by 21.5% and 27.5%, respectively, and the accumulation of the dry matter of the wheat and maize was increased by 42.5% and 57.3%. In all the deficiency treatments, the NK treatment performed better in terms of yield compared to the NP and PK treatments, while the NP treatment demonstrated a greater increase in dry matter accumulation. The NPK treatment significantly improved the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of the wheat and maize, which resulted in higher nitrogen accumulation in the NPK treatment, and the NP treatment was the best among the other nutrient deficiency treatments. The inorganic nitrogen content showed a similar trend. In conclusion, nutrient deficiency can severely restrict crop growth. Nitrogen deficiency can significantly reduce crop yields. Phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact than potassium deficiency in terms of nutrient absorption and accumulation. Therefore, nitrogen fertilizer application should be emphasized in crop rotation systems, with moderate increases in phosphorus fertilizer application. This practice can effectively improve the nutrient deficiency under the wheat and maize rotation system in the NCP and complete a rational fertilization system.