bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ Academic and Social Transition to New Graduate Programs in Physical Education Teacher Education
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Kozub Francis M. , Samalot-Rivera Amaury
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to describe and explain master students’ academic and social experiences during the transition to teacher education master programs. This study is based on the theory of transition that supports the understanding of students’ transition to graduate studies as they connect to the academic supports needed to cope with the demands of advanced training in physical education. The participants were eight teacher education master students from two institutions who participated in a descriptive-qualitative design. The data sources were a demographic questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, and the program of graduate study. Results in themes related to (a) competing agendas, (b) hesitant to ask for help from professors, and (c) time management shock. To better support teacher education graduate students, we encourage academic departments, administrators, faculty, and all students to learn how to view themselves as playing various roles, such as academic advisors and graduate students.
Crystal structure of bis(3-(3-ethylureido)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-aminium) bis (μ
3-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(oxidomethyl)propane-1,3-bis(olato))-(μ
6-oxo)-hexakis(μ
2-oxo)-hexaoxo-hexavanadium(V) – dichloromethane (1/1), C27H60Cl2N6O23V6
Authors: Hu Xiaokang , Huang Bo , Xiao Zicheng , Wu Pingfan
Published: September 2017

C27H60Cl2N6O23V6, C2/c (no. 15), a = 26.1482(12) Å, b = 10.6096(4) Å, c = 17.4426(6) Å, β = 90.932(4)°, V = 4838.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0565, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1477, T = 106 K.
Crystal structure of bis(μ3-methanolato-κ3
O:O:O)-bis(μ2-methanolato-κ2
O:O)-dimethanol-bis{6,6′-(1,3-dihydroxyl-2-acetylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis(2-chloro-4-bromophenolato)}tetramanganese(III) C40H40Br4Cl4Mn4O16
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li , Wang Fei , An Qin-Qin , Li Peng-Peng
Published: September 2017

C40H40Br4Cl4Mn4O16, triclinic, P1̄, a = 9.3724(9) Å, b = 11.7867(16) Å, c = 12.3994(18) Å, α = 70.650(13)°, β = 75.462(10)°, γ = 81.085(10)°, V = 1247.1(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0618, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1201, T = 294 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure tetrakis(μ2-methanolato)-dimethanol-bis(μ2-2-acetyl-1,3-bis(3,5-dichloro-2-oxidophenyl)propane-1,3-bis(olato)-κ5
O
1,O
2,O
3:O
3,O
4,O
5), tetramanganese(III), C40H40Cl8Mn4O16
Authors: Zhao Ji-Xing , Zhao Li , Li Peng-Peng , Zhu Zhao-Bin , Wang Fei , An Qin-Qin
Published: September 2017

C40H40Cl8Mn4O16, triclinic, P1̅, a = 9.2586(5) Å, b = 11.6798(10) Å, c = 12.3267(8) Å, α = 70.237(7)°, β = 75.557(5)°, γ = 81.358(6)°, V = 1211.65(16) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0333, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0906, T = 294 K.
Crystal structure of bis(μ2-acetato-κ2
O:O′)-bis{μ2-4-chloro-2-(8-(4-(diethylamino)-2-oxidophenyl)-3,6-dioxa-2,7-diazaocta-1,7-dien-1-yl)phenolato-κ6
O:O,N,N′,O′′:O′′}tricobalt(II), C44H49Cl2Co3N6O12
Authors: Yang Yu-Hua , Wang Bao-Jun , Lan Peng-Fei , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: September 2017

C44H49Cl2Co3N6O12, Triclinic, P1̅, a = 9.7415(9) Å, b = 13.6440(14) Å, c = 17.5241(11) Å, α = 72.807(10)°, β = 83.019(9)°, γ = 72.246(9)°, V = 2450.6(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0700, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1505, T = 291(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis{5-(N,N′-diethylamine)-5′-methoxy -2,2′-[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}-bis(μ2-acetato-κ2
O:O′)trizinc(II), C46H56Zn3N6O14
Authors: Dong Xiu-Yan , Zhang Han , Wang Bai-Jun , Lan Peng-Fei , Dong Wen-Kui
Published: September 2017

C46H56Zn3N6O14, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 10.6703(7) Å, b = 27.091(4) Å, c = 17.9132(16) Å, β = 96.246(8)°, V = 5147.4(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0647, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1865, T = 291(1) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-5-(diethylamino)-2-(((1,1,2-trihydroxyethyl)iminio)methyl)phenolate, C15H24N2O4
Authors: Yuan Lin , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Xian-You , Zhang Min
Published: September 2017

C15H24N2O4, orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 18.528(6) Å, b = 8.123(2) Å, c = 20.797(6) Å, V = 3129.9(16) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0396, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1082, T = 296(2) K.
A single crystal study on 2-(methylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid, C9H9NO3
Authors: Wei Pengfei , Yang Xiao-Li , Wang Kun-Yan
Published: September 2017

C9H9NO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.7201(8) Å, b = 8.6453(9) Å, c = 11.8083(9) Å, β = 100.830(3)°, V = 874.35(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0489, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1142, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of fac-(acetylacetonato-κ2
O,O′)tricarbonyl(benzyldiphenylphosphine-κP)rhenium(I), C27H24O5PRe
Authors: Manicum Amanda-Lee , Alexander Orbett , Schutte-Smith Marietjie , Visser Hendrik G. , Roodt Andreas
Published: September 2017

C27H24O5PRe, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.0305(17) Å, b = 12.084(2) Å, c = 12.403(2) Å, α = 89.688(6)°, β = 70.083(6)°, γ = 76.315(6)°, V = 1232.2(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0180, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0432, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ3-4-(pyridin-4-yl)isophthalato-κ4
O,O′:O′′:O′′′)-(μ2-5-carboxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ2
O:O′)yttrium(III)], C26H17N2O9Y
Authors: Duan Ying , Zang Jia
Published: September 2017

C26H17N2O9Y, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.9349(7) Å, b = 9.3488(12) Å, c = 28.1854(18) Å, β = 95.061(7)°, V = 2345.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0496, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1248, T = 293(2) K.
The crystal structure of methyl N-(4-bromophenyl)carbamate, C8H8BrNO2
Authors: Karczmarzyk Zbigniew , Pitucha Monika , Wysocki Waldemar , Morawiak Maja , Sobótka-Polska Karolina , Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Zofia
Published: September 2017

C8H8BrNO2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.1313(3) Å, b = 8.5416(4) Å, c = 20.4597(7) Å, V = 1770.53(12) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0394, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1214, T = 296 K.
(E)-N-benzylidene-3-(benzylthio)-5-p-tolyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine, C23H20N4S
Authors: Ding Qichun , Dai Shudong , Guo Hongxu , Zhang Li-Xue
Published: September 2017

C23H20N4S, Monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.439(3) Å, b = 8.868(2) Å, c = 20.557(5) Å, β = 104.542(4)°, V = 2018.7(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0449, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1266, T = 298(2) K.
The crystal structure of N,N-dimethyl-2,6-di-p-tolylpyrimidin-4-amine, C20H21N3
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Mao , Chen Lian-Hui
Published: September 2017

C20H21N3, Orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 12.2422(16) Å, b = 7.1996(10) Å, c = 39.037(5) Å, V = 3440.6(8) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0686, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1723, T = 293(2) K.
The “Idea” of Universal History: What the Owl Heard, the Angel Saw, and the Idiot Said
Authors: Bowden Brett
Published: September 2017

This essay considers the similarities and differences between world history, global history, and universal history. It demonstrates how a philosophical, and specifically a teleological, understanding of history is central to the idea of universal history. To a certain extent, this philosophical version of universal history transcends both world history and global history in that some versions of each of those are in fact universal histories of this very kind.
L’esthétique de Greimas face aux sensibilités valéryennes
Authors: Parret Herman
Published: September 2017

In De l’imperfection (1987), A. J. Greimas presents elements of a semiotic aesthetics based essentially on the poetic analysis of the five senses (especially vision, hearing, touch, and smell). His philosophical engagement is platonizing. However, his reading of the texts of Tournier, Calvino, Tanizaki, and Cortazar makes us discover a Greimas who is deeply interested in polysensorial and synesthetic experiences. Without mentioning explicitly one or another relation between his aesthetic analyses and Paul Valéry’s writings, Greimas shows a similar sensibility, mainly concerning the aesthetic potentialities of tactility. The praise of the touching and caressing hand is very prominent in De l’imperfection, and Greimas, just like Valéry, enthusiastically theorizes the relation of the eye with the hand. The two authors also similarlyconceive of the materiality of the artistic object, formed by a tormented creator. We have noticed that Greimas and Valéry develop a similar aesthetics of the aesthetic shock – they present a parallel, even analogical speculation with regard to the haptic organization of sensorial life.
Du texte à la pratique : Pour une sémiotique expérimentale
Authors: Dondero Maria Giulia
Published: September 2017

Notre travail vise à poursuivre les travaux récents de Jacques Fontanille qui envisage, à côté d’une sémiotique du texte, le développement d’une sémiotique de la pratique. Les travaux de Fontanille et notammentPratiques sémiotiques(2008) développent des propositions qui s’étaient déjà faites jour dans l’article « Êtes-vous arpenteurs ou somnambules ? L’élaboration d’une typologie comportementale des voyageurs du métro » (1990) de Jean-Marie Floch. Nous allons dans un premier temps reparcourir le débat concernant la relation entre une épistémologie du texte et une épistémologie de la pratique, ainsi que la question de l’énonciation (énonciation énoncée, énonciation en acte, praxis énonciative). Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposerons le concept de textualisation comme lieu de médiation entre texte et pratique : les textualisations (photographies, vidéos, prises de notes) permettraient de contrôler le déploiement de la pratique qui est, quant à elle, éphémère et insaisissable. Si les textualisations sont produitesin vivo, la notation par contre est une visualisation de la pratique qu’y diffère : elle fonctionne plutôt comme une reconstructionex-postde la totalité de la pratique mettant en scène les évènements saillants ainsi que la grammaticalisation des gestes et des échanges. Plus généralement, l’objectif de ce texte est d’interroger les objets de la sémiotique : quels sont les objets qu’elle peut se donner, sans trahir un principe d’immanence qui a caractérisé la sémiotique textuelle et sans rester enfermée dans une condition qui la rend inapte à analyser les pratiques et à répondre aux questionnements de l’actualité sociale et de l’orientation de la recherche en sciences humaines ?
Relative Rechtssubjektivität
Authors: Kersten Jens
Published: September 2017

Rechtssubjektivität ist relativ. Es steht der Rechtsordnung frei, auch nicht-menschliche Rechtssubjekte anzuerkennen und deren Rechtsstatus durch Rechte und korrespondierende Pflichten auszugestalten. Ein Rechtssystem wird nicht-menschliche Entitäten insbesondere dann als Rechtssubjekte anerkennen, wenn bei diesen „autonomes“ Verhalten mit einer „gesteigerten“ sozialen Kapazität zusammentrifft. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, maschinelle Personen ebenso als Rechtssubjekte anzuerkennen wie die Entfaltung emergenter Kollektivität in Form menschlicher Schwarmbildung.
Die Verdinglichung der Dinge
Authors: Henkel Anna
Published: September 2017

Über verschiedene soziologische Paradigmata hinweg wird die moderne Gesellschaft charakterisiert durch Individualisierung, Bürokratisierung und funktionale Differenzierung. Dieser Beitrag geht von der These aus, dass die moderne Gesellschaft zusätzlich sich auszeichnet durch einen spezifischen, nämlich „verdinglichten“ Materialitätszugriff und fragt nach dem Beitrag des Rechts in dessen Genese. Im Sinne eines Forschungsstands wird zunächst aufgezeigt, wie Recht und Rechtssoziologie seit dem 19. Jahrhundert auf eine sich ändernde gesellschaftliche Materialität reagieren. Um dem analytisch näher nachgehen zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, die Systemtheorie ausgehend vom frühen Sinnbegriff Luhmanns materialitätstheoretisch zu erweitern. Die Wirkung des Rechts in einer Verdinglichung der Materialität wird mit Hilfe dieses erweiterten Analyserahmens anhand zweier Fälle exemplifiziert, dem Pharmakon und der Terra. Es zeigt sich, dass und wie Materialität in beiden Fällen von konkreten persönlichen Interpretationen oder Garantieleistungen unabhängig fungibel wird. Abschließend werden mögliche Implikationen dieser gesellschaftstheoretischen Überlegungen etwa mit Blick auf Nachhaltigkeit diskutiert.
Verfahrensordnungen der Gewalt
Authors: Lindemann Gesa
Published: September 2017

In diesem Beitrag schlage ich eine Beobachtungsperspektive vor, die es ermöglicht, Gewalt als Konstituens des Sozialen, also als Vergesellschaftungsmodus zu beobachten. Hierfür werden drei Richtungen der neueren soziologischen Gewaltdiskussion zusammengeführt, die bislang ohne Bezug aufeinander nebeneinanderher laufen. Dazu gehören zum einen die Thematisierung von Gewalt als unmittelbare leibliche Interaktion, als moralische Handlung sowie die Diskussion um die Bedeutung des Dritten für Gewalt. Zugleich verbinde ich die Diskussion um Gewalt mit der Frage nach den Grenzen des Sozialen. Dabei verfolge ich die These, dass Gewalt i. S. von „vermittelter Unmittelbarkeit“ (Plessner) zu begreifen ist – nämlich als drittenvermitteltes symbolisch-institutionelles leibliches Agieren. Durch Gewalt stellen die Beteiligten die Gültigkeit normativer Erwartungen in einer generalisierten Weise füreinander dar. Damit stellen sie zugleich die Grenzen der Sozialwelt dar, denn der Gewaltakt beinhaltet notwendigerweise, dass der Adressat der gewalttätigen Handlung eine soziale Person ist; nur eine solche kann normative Erwartungen verletzen bzw. deren Gültigkeit darstellen. Wenn man Gewalt im Sinne vermittelter Unmittelbarkeit analysiert, führt dies auf die Analyse von Verfahrensordnungen der Gewalt. Denn diese vermitteln je unmittelbare Gewalthandlungen.
Autonomie als Selbstreferenz
Authors: Guski Roman
Published: September 2017

Die juristischen Definitionen des subjektiven Rechts sind üblicherweise tautologisch: Subjektive Rechte sind rechtlich vermittelte Dispositionsbefugnisse, also subjektive Rechte. Diese Selbstreferenz des Begriffs kann man als verstecktes Symptom für Paradoxien verstehen, für die Einheit von Differenzen. Der Begriff des subjektiven Rechts markiert insofern nicht nur die Einheit der Differenzen zwischen subjektivem und objektivem Recht sowie zwischen rechtmäßigen oder rechtswidrigen Handlungen; er bezeichnet auch die Paradoxie der Autonomie, die Normgeber und Normadressat in eins setzt. Mit Kant wurde aus der paradoxen Form der Selbstreferenz ein normatives Superprinzip entwickelt, das selbstwidersprüchliches Verhalten verbietet, also mit Referenz auf Selbstreferenz argumentiert. Dieses Axiom wirkt zugleich als rechtsinterner Meta-Maßstab für die Behandlung der Paradoxie rechtswidriger Rechtsausübung, einerseits als Willkürverbot im Einzelfall, andererseits als „institutionell“ begründetes Gebot, nicht Möglichkeitsbedingungen zu nutzen und zugleich zu dementieren. Fraglich ist, ob negative Selbstreferenz im Verhalten von Rechtssubjekten heute noch ein tragfähiger Letztbegründungsersatz ist. In einer moderneren Variante lässt sich das Paradoxieverbot womöglich als „systemökologisches“ Rücksichtnahmegebot interpretieren, das fremdzerstörerische Wirkungen als Selbstgefährdung in Betracht zieht und entsprechende Lernprozesse in gesellschaftlichen Funktionssystemen anregt.
Das Parlament der Körperfragmente
Authors: Karavas Vagias
Published: September 2017

Spender von Körperfragmenten werden gegenwärtig vom biomedizinischen Forschungsregime exkludiert. Die Deutungshoheit über die gespendeten Körperfragmente bleibt folglich allein bei den Forschenden. Die vom rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurs vorgeschlagene Lösung lautet wiederum: Ermächtigung der Exkludierten durch Anerkennung neuer subjektiver Rechte am menschlichen Körper. In diesem Beitrag wird ein anderer Weg eingeschlagen, namentlich die Anerkennung eines impersonalen Rechts des fragmentierten und entgrenzten menschlichen Körpers selbst. Die Funktion dieses Rechts soll nach der hier vertretenen These darin bestehen, die Deutungsoffenheit dieses Körpers vor einseitigen Bestimmungen seitens einzelner Akteure zu bewahren. Schließlich soll aufgezeigt werden, wie ein solches Recht im Kontext der Biobankenforschung umgesetzt werden kann.
Droit et Société
– oder der Pluralismus einer Zeitschrift für Theorie und Sozialwissenschaften des Rechts
Authors: Condé Pierre-Yves
Published: September 2017

Droit et Sociétéwurde als Zeitschrift für Rechtstheorie und Rechtssoziologie, „de théorie du droit et de sociologie juridique“, gegründet. Heute präsentiert sie sich als Zeitschrift für Theorie und Sozialwissenschaften des Rechts, „théorie et sciences sociales du droit“. Was darauf hindeutet, dass sie um eine Vermittlung potenziell sehr unterschiedlicher Ansätze bemüht ist, wobei es um mehr geht als eine reine Koordinierung von Ansätzen, die unter (kritischer) Bezugnahme auf Kelsen bzw. Weber dargestellt werden. Der Artikel unterstreicht den Pluralismus der in der Zeitschrift vertretenen Ausrichtungen und den Anspruch der Zeitschrift, die Unterschiede zwischen den Disziplinen auszusetzen ohne sie abzuschaffen und einen Raum zu entwerfen, in dem Rechtstheorie und Sozialwissenschaften des Rechts sich in gegenseitiger Bezugnahme definieren.
Crystallographic and docking (Cathepsins B, K, L and S) studies on bioactive halotelluroxetanes
Authors: Caracelli Ignez , Maganhi Stella H. , de Oliveira Cardoso Josiane , Cunha Rodrigo L.O.R. , Vega-Teijido Mauricio Angel , Zukerman-Schpector Julio , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: September 2017

The molecular structures of the halotelluroxetanes p-MeOC6H4Te(X)[C(=C(H)X′)C(CH2)nO], X=X′=Cl and n=6 (1) and X=Cl, X′=Br and n=5 (4), show similar binuclear aggregates sustained by {· · ·Te–O}2 cores comprising covalent Te–O and secondary Te· · ·O interactions. The resulting C2ClO2(lone-pair) sets define pseudo-octahedral geometries. In each structure, C–X· · ·π(arene) interactions lead to supramolecular layers. Literature studies have shown these and related compounds (i.e. 2: X=X′=Cl and n=5; 3: X=X′=Br and n=5) to inhibit Cathepsins B, K, L and S to varying extents. Molecular docking calculations have been conducted on ligands (i.e. cations derived by removal of the tellurium-bound X atoms) 1′–3′ (note 3′=4′) enabling correlations between affinity for sub-sites and inhibition. The common feature of all docked complexes was the formation of a Te–S covalent bond with cysteine residues, the relative stability of the ligands with an E-configuration and the formation of a C–O· · ·π interaction with the phenyl ring; for 1′ the Te–S covalent bond was weak, a result correlating with its low inhibition profile. At the next level differences are apparent, especially with respect to the interactions formed by the organic-ligand-bound halides. While these atoms do not form specific interactions in Cathepsins B and K, in Cathepsin L, these halides are involved in C–O· · ·X halogen bonds.
Interaction Solutions for Lump-line Solitons and Lump-kink Waves of the Dimensionally Reduced Generalised KP Equation
Authors: Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: September 2017

In this work, we investigate dimensionally reduced generalised Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, which can describe many nonlinear phenomena in fluid dynamics. Based on the bilinear formalism, direct Maple symbolic computations are used with an ansätz function to construct three classes of interaction solutions between lump and line solitons. Furthermore, the dynamics of interaction phenomena is explained with 3D plots and 2D contour plots. For the first class of interaction solutions, lump appeared at t=0, and there was a normal interaction between lump and line solitons at t=1, 2, 5, and 10. For the second class of interaction solutions, lump appeared from one side of line soliton at t=0, but it started moving downward at t=1, 2, and 5. Finally, at t=10, this lump was completely swallowed by other side. By contrast, for the third class of interaction solutions, lump appeared from one side of line soliton at t=0, but it started moving upward at t=1, 2, and 5. Finally, at t=10, this lump was completely swallowed by other side. Furthermore, interaction solutions between lump solutions and kink wave are also investigated. These results might be helpful to understand the propagation processes for nonlinear waves in fluid mechanics.
Kostchyienones A and B, new antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity of limonoids from the roots of Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms
Authors: Sidjui Lazare S. , Nganso Yves O.D. , Toghueo Rufin M.K. , Wakeu Brussine N.K. , Dameue Joel T. , Mkounga Pierre , Adhikari Achyut , Lateef Mehreen , Folefoc Gabriel N. , Ali Muhammad S.
Published: September 2017

Two new limonoids, kostchyienones A (1) and B (2), along with 12 known compounds 3–14 were isolated from the roots of Pseudocedrela kostchyi. Compound (7) was isolated for the first time from a natural source. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 1–6 and 13–14 gave IC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 5.62 μg/mL for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (Pf3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (PfINDO) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 5 showed moderate potential cytotoxicity against the HEK239T cell line with an IC50 value of 22.2±0.89 μg/mL. The antiplasmodial efficacy of the isolated compounds supports the medicinal value of this plant and its potential to provide novel antimalarial drugs.
Novel Intrinsic Ignition Method Measuring Local-Global Integration Characterizes Wakefulness and Deep Sleep
Authors: Deco Gustavo , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Laufs Helmut , Sanjuán Ana , Kringelbach Morten L.
Published: September 2017

A precise definition of a brain state has proven elusive. Here, we introduce the novel local-global concept of intrinsic ignition characterizing the dynamical complexity of different brain states. Naturally occurring intrinsic ignition events reflect the capability of a given brain area to propagate neuronal activity to other regions, giving rise to different levels of integration. The ignitory capability of brain regions is computed by the elicited level of integration for each intrinsic ignition event in each brain region, averaged over all events. This intrinsic ignition method is shown to clearly distinguish human neuroimaging data of two fundamental brain states (wakefulness and deep sleep). Importantly, whole-brain computational modelling of this data shows that at the optimal working point is found where there is maximal variability of the intrinsic ignition across brain regions. Thus, combining whole brain models with intrinsic ignition can provide novel insights into underlying mechanisms of brain states.
Developmental Disruption of GABAAR-Meditated Inhibition in Cntnap2 KO Mice
Authors: Bridi Morgan S. , Park Su Mi , Huang Shiyong
Published: September 2017

GABA released from presynaptic sites induces short-lived phasic inhibition mediated by synaptic GABAAreceptors (GABAARs) and longer-duration tonic inhibition mediated by extrasynaptic GABAAor GABABreceptors (GABABRs). A number of studies have found that contactin-associated protein 2 (Cntnap2) knockout (KO) mice, a well-established mouse model of autism, exhibit reduced interneuron numbers and aberrant phasic inhibition. However, little is known about whether tonic inhibition is disrupted in Cntnap2 KO mice and when the disruption of inhibition begins to occur during postnatal development. We examined tonic and phasic inhibition in layer 2/3 pyramidal cells of primary visual cortex of Cntnap2 KO at two different developmental stages, three to four and six to eight weeks of age. We found that both phasic inhibition and GABAAR but not GABABR-mediated tonic inhibition was reduced in pyramidal cells from six- to eight-week-old Cntnap2 KO mice, while in three- to four-week-old mice, no significant effects of genotype on tonic or phasic inhibition was observed. We further found that activation of tonic currents mediated by δ-subunit-containing GABAARs reduced neural excitability, an effect that was attenuated by loss of Cntnap2. While the relative contribution of tonic versus phasic inhibition to autism-related symptoms remains unclear, our data suggest that reduced tonic inhibition may play an important role, and δ-subunit-containing GABAARs may be a useful target for therapeutic intervention in autism.
Behavioral, Modeling, and Electrophysiological Evidence for Supramodality in Human Metacognition
Authors: Faivre Nathan , Filevich Elisa , Solovey Guillermo , Kühn Simone , Blanke Olaf
Published: September 2017

Human metacognition, or the capacity to introspect on one's own mental states, has been mostly characterized through confidence reports in visual tasks. A pressing question is to what extent results from visual studies generalize to other domains. Answering this question allows determining whether metacognition operates through shared, supramodal mechanisms or through idiosyncratic, modality-specific mechanisms. Here, we report three new lines of evidence for decisional and postdecisional mechanisms arguing for the supramodality of metacognition. First, metacognitive efficiency correlated among auditory, tactile, visual, and audiovisual tasks. Second, confidence in an audiovisual task was best modeled using supramodal formats based on integrated representations of auditory and visual signals. Third, confidence in correct responses involved similar electrophysiological markers for visual and audiovisual tasks that are associated with motor preparation preceding the perceptual judgment. We conclude that the supramodality of metacognition relies on supramodal confidence estimates and decisional signals that are shared across sensory modalities.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMetacognitive monitoring is the capacity to access, report, and regulate one's own mental states. In perception, this allows rating our confidence in what we have seen, heard, or touched. Although metacognitive monitoring can operate on different cognitive domains, we ignore whether it involves a single supramodal mechanism common to multiple cognitive domains or modality-specific mechanisms idiosyncratic to each domain. Here, we bring evidence in favor of the supramodality hypothesis by showing that participants with high metacognitive performance in one modality are likely to perform well in other modalities. Based on computational modeling and electrophysiology, we propose that supramodality can be explained by the existence of supramodal confidence estimates and by the influence of decisional cues on confidence estimates.
Rubrocerebellar Feedback Loop Isolates the Interposed Nucleus as an Independent Processor of Corollary Discharge Information in Mice
Authors: Beitzel Christy S. , Houck Brenda D. , Lewis Samantha M. , Person Abigail L.
Published: September 2017

Understanding cerebellar contributions to motor coordination requires deeper insight into how the output structures of the cerebellum, the cerebellar nuclei, integrate their inputs and influence downstream motor pathways. The magnocellular red nucleus (RNm), a brainstem premotor structure, is a major target of the interposed nucleus (IN), and has also been described in previous studies to send feedback collaterals to the cerebellum. Because such a pathway is in a key position to provide motor efferent information to the cerebellum, satisfying predictions about the use of corollary discharge in cerebellar computations, we studied it in mice of both sexes. Using anterograde viral tracing, we show that innervation of cerebellum by rubrospinal neuron collaterals is remarkably selective for the IN compared with the cerebellar cortex. Optogenetic activation of the pathway in acute mouse brain slices drove IN activity despite small amplitude synaptic currents, suggesting an active role in IN information processing. Monosynaptic transsynaptic rabies tracing indicated the pathway contacts multiple cell types within the IN. By contrast, IN inputs to the RNm targeted a region that lacked inhibitory neurons. Optogenetic drive of IN inputs to the RNm revealed strong, direct excitation but no inhibition of RNm neurons. Together, these data indicate that the cerebellar nuclei are under afferent control independent of the cerebellar cortex, potentially diversifying its roles in motor control.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe common assumption that all cerebellar mossy fibers uniformly collateralize to the cerebellar nuclei and cortex underlies classic models of convergent Purkinje influence on cerebellar output. Specifically, mossy fibers are thought to both directly excite nuclear neurons and drive polysynaptic feedforward inhibition via Purkinje neurons, setting up a fundamental computational unit. Here we present data that challenge this rule. A dedicated cerebellar nuclear afferent comprised of feedback collaterals from premotor rubrospinal neurons can directly modulate IN output independent of Purkinje cell modulation. In contrast to the IN-RNm pathway, the RNm-IN feedback pathway targets multiple cell types, potentially influencing both motor output pathways and nucleo-olivary feedback.
For the Love of a Mother—Henry Moseley’s Rare Earth Research
Authors: Frederick-Frost K. M.
Published: September 2017

In December 1913 and April 1914, Henry Moseley, a British physicist, published data that is now famed for being the first experimental evidence for the atomic number as a physical property of the nucleus. Shortly after, in June 1914, Moseley used x-ray spectroscopy to analyze several rare earth elements provided by Georges Urbain. Moseley failed to publish his conclusions before his death in the First World War. Despite the efforts of his mother and colleagues, a posthumous publication never materialized. This essay explores the question of why.

An in-depth evaluation of extant artifacts and archival materials at the Museum of the History of Science in Oxford related to Moseley’s rare earth research reveals nuances in the process by which he collected and corrected data to form his conclusions. Whereas Moseley was confident his data did not support the claim that Urbain isolated the element with atomic number 72, it failed to inspire Ernest Rutherford to see the work through publication after Moseley’s death.

Archival materials reveal some of the pressures that could have prevented publication, including Rutherford’s unfamiliarity with Moseley’s process—but more importantly, the fact that this data would influence the debate over the discovery of element 72. Interestingly, it is likely this controversy led to the retention of relevant archival material. By tracing the actors that created and curated a particular collection of documents and spectra, one can explore how rare earth knowledge was produced and verified in the first few decades of the twentieth century.
A proteomic atlas of insulin signalling reveals tissue‐specific mechanisms of longevity assurance
Authors: Tain Luke S , Sehlke Robert , Jain Chirag , Chokkalingam Manopriya , Nagaraj Nagarjuna , Essers Paul , Rassner Mark , Grönke Sebastian , Froelich Jenny , Dieterich Christoph , Mann Matthias , Alic Nazif , Beyer Andreas , Partridge Linda
Published: September 2017

Lowered activity of the insulin/IGF signalling (IIS) network can ameliorate the effects of ageing in laboratory animals and, possibly, humans. Although transcriptome remodelling in long‐lived IIS mutants has been extensively documented, the causal mechanisms contributing to extended lifespan, particularly in specific tissues, remain unclear. We have characterized the proteomes of four key insulin‐sensitive tissues in a long‐lived Drosophila IIS mutant and control, and detected 44% of the predicted proteome (6,085 proteins). Expression of ribosome‐associated proteins in the fat body was reduced in the mutant, with a corresponding, tissue‐specific reduction in translation. Expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain proteins in fat body was increased, leading to increased respiration, which was necessary for IIS‐mediated lifespan extension, and alone sufficient to mediate it. Proteasomal subunits showed altered expression in IIS mutant gut, and gut‐specific over‐expression of the RPN6 proteasomal subunit, was sufficient to increase proteasomal activity and extend lifespan, whilst inhibition of proteasome activity abolished IIS‐mediated longevity. Our study thus uncovered strikingly tissue‐specific responses of cellular processes to lowered IIS acting in concert to ameliorate ageing.
Demokrasi Menundukkan Anarki
Authors: Said Akbar Andi Ali
Published: September 2017

Freedom and political competition in the Indonesian democracy are vulnerable to the practices of antagonistic politics. It can be seen from the growing of violence acts as the struggle method of some mass organizations, whether those with the religious identity or those with the political identity. The triggering point can be from the reactionary response on the incapability of accepting the consequence of living for democracy prior to the context of implementing the tolerant and pluralist ethics.The rise of minority group reputation in the political arena, the policies that are not in favor of the majorityand the tolerance towards the other religious/belief groups are included in the list of issues which are vulnerable to the violence acts. In addition, the problem can also come from the ineffectiveness of the state in establishing the law and tranquility. In this case, the people use their own logic of power to substitute the failure of the state. Unfortunately, the state seems to ignore various diseases of social demoralization. The efficacious cure to organize social organizations is that the government shall release the mass organization law. However, the state undergoes the uneasy dilemma. The activists of civil society keep on guard against the state in order not to deeply intervene the civil public space. Therefore, the state and the society have to respect the constitution and make the democratic value as a tradition in the intern of mass organization. Then, the ethics is made as the basic for anticipating various social problems. Besides, the state has to be effective in establishing the law and tranquility in the living of democracy. So, the existence of the mass organization law can be understood together as long as the instrumental effectivity creates peace in the state.
Jean-Jaques Rousseau dalam Demokrasi
Authors: Wijaya Daya Negri
Published: September 2017

JJ Rousseau is one of political thinkers. He lives in the advance of science and art. However, he realizes that the progress of science and art declines the moral of society. Democracy, in his view, should be implemented by direct rule without any representation. This is caused by the freedom of every citizens which should be struggled. Everyone has a natural right which could not be seized and be given for others. They make a social contract to shape a nation. A government is developed which is not to limit a power but to ensure the freedom of a power. In addition, he gives an idea on how to build a democratic society. This article is expected to give a moral guidance for politicians.
Politisasi Media di 2014: Aburizal Bakrie dan Segmen Pemilih Pemula
Authors: Rivai Ardian Bakhtiar
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates that influence of television for political behavior in Indonesian election on 2014. There is important to identify that televisions in Indonesia is a tool of capital to construct political perception of Indonesian citizens. Public resources information as television in Indonesia has not really objective, in addition there are the domination of media owner interesting for news information which is published. This paper focuses on understanding on young citizen segmentation whose have the high contribution for Indonesian election voters. Literature review and analytical are applied to the media domination model for support argumentation of highly influences of television in Indonesia. Based on explanation in this paper, we can understand that Indonesian election 2014 is not only about competition of candidate, it is clear that media owner competition.
Partai Politik Islam dan Pemilihan Umum Studi Peningkatan Dukungan Elektoral PKB dan PPP Pada Pemilu Legislatif 2014 DPR RI di Dapil DKI Jakarta
Authors: Malik Donie Kadewandana
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to analyze the increase of voice support of Islamic parties (PKB and PPP) on Legislative Election 2014 House of Representative Republic of Indonesia in DKI Jakarta Constituency. Referring to the results of Legislative Elections on 2004 and 2009, PKB and PPP votes have significant decreased. However, political constellation changed in the 2014 election, votes of PKB and PPP have increased. The increase of electoral support of the majority of political parties on the legislative elections 2014, is a new phenomenon in the Reformation Era. Before 2014 election, there were predictions of analysts and institutions survey stated that the party vote-Islamic political party will be difficult to rise and tend to decline as in the 2004 and 2009 elections. But the forecast is not proven, the majority of Islamic political power has increased in the 2014 election. Therefore, this article will describe more about the factors causing the increase in electoral support of PKB and PPP on Legislative Election 2014 House of Representative Republic of Indonesia in DKI Jakarta Constituency
Mengkaji Ruang Publik dari Perspektif Kuasa: Fenomena Kemenangan Aktor Hegemonik Melalui Dominasi Budaya
Authors: Arditama Erisandi
Published: September 2017

Public sphere is not an open space without power, but intersection of various actors with their interest. Therefore, by taking study on meronda activity in gardu, this article discusses how power works in public sphere. Gramsci notion on hegemony is used to analyze existing power relation. As closing session, this article claims that efforts to affecting public opinion through culture domination becomes the basis of hegemonic actor victory in influencing power in gardu as pubic sphere.
Politik dan Strategi Budaya Etnik dalam Pilkada Serentak di Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Kristianus Kristianus
Published: September 2017

The local politics in West Kalimantan thick politically charged ethnic identity. Local political politically involved two ethnic identity which is a native of West Kalimantan, namely ethnic Dayak and Malay. The state of the two ethnic rivalry is becoming more open in the era of district autonomy that is triggered by direct local elections. This competition occurs because history records that the ruling ethnic elite running ethnic hegemony over other ethnic groups. Regional head election (PILKADA) is currently running. Of the seven districts in West Kalimantan which organizes PILKADA very apparent that they are oriented to capture the voice ethnicity. Ethnic identity became a political commodity since this issue most easily sold to seize the people's voice. This paper use the incorporation of the views that are instrumentalism and internal colonialism perspective . The author has the view, that perspective instrumentalism able to see how an elite play social identity and cultural group to gain power and view of internal colonialism that saw socio-economic disparities and discrimination as the root of the strengthening of solidarity groups. This view is helpful to explain the fanaticism ethnic factor as a cultural strategy that occurred in the present and why identity politics in West Kalimantan is an inherent part of the local politics of this period.
Book Review: Petrakis, Panagiotis E. Culture, Growth And Economic Policy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2014. 238 PP.
Authors: Setiawan Andy Bangkit
Published: September 2017

Lately, Indonesian exposed by a service called Go-Jek. Go-Jek is a multimedia based ojek (motorcycle taxi) which is launched in some cities in Indonesia, which the costumers can only use specific application provided by Go-Jek company to call the ojek riders who will take them to their destinations. Even amount of the cost charged can be shown by the costumers at the moment they order without any bargain with the riders like the conventional ojek. By all means, this facility cuts off all inefficiency, which felt by ojek costumers and riders. However, resistance arises from some particular people who work as conventional ojek riders. Even at some places violence done by conventional ojek riders to Go-Jek riders, does happen.
Pengaruh Klientilisme terhadap Perilaku Pemilih Masyarakat Kecamatan Sukatani pada Pilkada Kabupaten Bekasi 2012
Authors: Rofieq Ainur , Nuryono Rahmat
Published: September 2017

This research is motivated by the election of Neneng Hasanah Yasin-Rohim Mintareja who defeated incumbent regional head and deputy head of the Bekasi area in the elections of 2012. The local elections showed a dynamic voter behavior of society. Clientelism practices allegedly occurred in the victory Neneng Hasanah Yasin. The focus of this study is to analyse voting behavior of people in the District Sukatani which has characteristics as agricultural area. Sukatani sub-district is one of the districts that form the basis for Neneng Hasanah Yasin victory. As an analytical tool, the used theory is clientelism. The method used is a quantitative study with a questionnaire as a data collector. Data analysis technique uses cross tabulation. The number of samples in this study is 100 people with a 95% confidence level and a margin of error of 10%. The results of this study indicates that for some indicators clientelism has no difference in voting behavior Sukatani society, such as indicators of the popularity the parents candidates, formal official invitation, informal official invitation, and professional groups invitation. Even for indicators of indebtedness does not exist at all. While indicators have differences on the invitation team is successful candidate.
Pembiaran Pada Potensi Konflik dan Kontestasi Semu Pemilukada Kota Blitar: Analisis Institusionalisme Pilihan Rasional
Authors: Ramadlan Moh. Fajar Shodiq , Wahyudi Tri Hendra
Published: September 2017

The simultaneous local election is the new step of democratization in Indonesia. Viewing an implementation about the local election in each district which have many of potential conflict and unrest, conflict managements required to anticipate a potential conflict. This paper will suggest to describe about conflict management of the local election in Blitar City using an rational choice institutionalism approach, assuming that institutions has a capacity to solve a problem of conflict management in the local election. Blitar city been selected because it has a particular aspect that the two candidates, namely by incumbent and independent, but the contestation is pseudo-contestation. This paper is the result of exploratory qualitative research. The techniques to explore data is use focus group discussion that involved an institutions related with Blitar local election. Belong this research, the institutions that related in the local elections understand a potential conflict, but the selected conflict management is avoiding method.
Pilkada Serentak melalui DPRD: Sebuah Gagasan Mewujudkan Pilkada Demokratis Perspektif Pancasila dan UUD 1945
Authors: Aziz Mokhamad Abdul
Published: September 2017

Unison in the succeeding organized the elections after December 9, 2015 as part of efforts to strengthen electoral democracy, Indonesia faced with the challenges of building a democratic substance. One that deserves to be evaluated is a system of direct election by the people. Although it has been conducted simultaneously, direct election is still too extravagant, yet produces the ideal leader, even a lot of them were involved in corruption cases, and most important their actions are not in line with the Indonesian democracy typical. Pancasila mandates that Indonesia's democracy is a democracy that is led by the inner wisdom of deliberations-representation. This is called modern democracy. Through Parliament elections simultaneously is the solution to realize the Indonesian democratic elections typical.
Politik Islam di Indonesia: Ideologi, Transformasi dan Prospek dalam Proses Politik Terkini
Authors: Zulifan Muhammad
Published: September 2017

This study examines the correlation between Islamic doctrine of the concept of state and government system with the ambition of some Muslims to revive sharia values in a country. Literature research methodology is employed to explore ideas of Islamic political thinkers, ranging from classical and medieval, era such as al-Farabi, al-Mawardi, Ibn Taymiyyah, to the modern era and contemporary scholars, such as al-Attas, Fazlur Rahman, and Arkoun. The validity of the democratic system and the form of an ideal state for Muslims are debatable among Muslim scholars. The concept of civil society that becomes a manifestation of civil society is believed to have been practiced in the historical period of Islamic government.
Evaluasi Pilkada Pelaksanaan Pilkada Serentak Tahun 2015
Authors: Chaniago Pangi Syarwi
Published: September 2017

This study was carried out to evaluate the enforcement of the first direct district heads election in 2015, in order to promote the quality of democracy. This study applied qualitative method. There were several findings on this study; (1) direct district heads election has not been efficient yet; (2) direct district heads election has not been able to promote political participation; (3) direct district heads election has not been able to shut off money politic; (4) recruitment the election of district head candidates has not been transparant; (5) financing of direct election was not charged (appropriate) to Regional Government Budget; (6) Constitutional Court refused to adjudicate the dispute of election results if the margin of ballot more than 2%, it broke sense of justice; (7) the phenomenon of the emergence of a single candidate for district heads due to regulations, the must withdraw from candidacy for they were civil servants, military/police, House of Representatives, Regional Representative Board and Regional House of Representatives.
Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) dan Tantangan Demokrasi Lokal di Indonesia
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno
Published: September 2017

Direct local leader elections (Pilkada) had replaced indirect local elections. It based on the spirit of people empowerment to participate choosing local leaders more democratic. Responsiveness is an important element besides participation which represent local democracy. These two variables will decide the local elections that can enhance the quality of local democracy. This paper uses qualitative methodology to analyze the data of participation and responsiveness of Pilkada as an important variables in local democracy. People participation in Pilkada is not as high as the participation in New Order elections. Their participation are more substantive because accompanied assessment of the level of responsiveness of a local leader. Incumbent successful running of local responsiveness will get continued success as the next local elections victory. In contrast, incumbent who failed in the implementation of responsiveness will obtain defeat. Victory and defeat incumbent in the election can be stated that the relevance of participation and responsiveness become very important in the local democratic process as a whole.
Book Review: King, Dwight Y. Half-Hearthed Reform: Electoral Insitution and Struggle for Democracy in Indonesia. New York: Praeger, 2003. 256 PP.
Authors: Arumsari Nugraheni , Rahayu Annisa Maharani
Published: September 2017

Pemilihan kepala daerah di Indonesia merupakan tuntutan demokrasi yang memang tidak mungkin dielakkan lagi dalam era reformasi. Proses politik yang menguras banyak sumber daya ini muncul atas desakan dan harapan bahwa warga negara harus memiliki peran yang lebih aktif dalam pemilihan pemimpin-pemimpin lokal yang berkualitas dan sekaligus dekat dengan warga. Namun demikian, terdapat pertanyaan mendasar, apakah pemilihan kepala daerah langsung, sebagaimana pemilihan umum di tingkat nasional sudah berjalan sebagaimana mestinya? Apakah pemilihan-pemilihan yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan politisi-politisi terbaik itu sudah terlaksana dengan baik? Dan bagaimana peran lembaga pemilihan dalam merespon tuntutan demokratisasi ini?