bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Technical Difficulties and Countermeasures of Well-Seismic Combination Unit-Level Tectonic Modeling
Authors: You Xiaofang
Published: January 2024

Compared with the previous reservoir modeling, the well-seismic combination sedimentary unit level structural modeling is faced with problems such as large amount of data, difficulty in data loading, a large number of inclined wells, causing serious structural distortion, and the local morphology of the fault needs to be accurate to the unit level. In view of the above difficulties, this paper systematically introduces the corresponding countermeasures to solve the corresponding problems. The built model can characterize the unit level structural characteristics with high accuracy, and can guide the fine adjustment and exploration of the sedimentary unit level scale.
Experimental study on the effect of confining pressure and interval time on the fatigue mechanical properties of mudstone
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Ren Lachun , Yao Peng , Jiang Deyi
Published: January 2024

The mudstone interlayer experiences discontinuous cyclic loading during gas storage reservoir operation. To investigate the effects of intermittent action and confining pressure on the fatigue mechanical properties of mudstone. Continuous fatigue test and graded intermittent fatigue test were conducted respectively. The results show that: 1. the fatigue life of mudstone is enhanced by the intermittent effect during the fatigue process. The presence of confining pressure under the same experimental conditions also benefits the fatigue life of mudstone.2. the average modulus of elasticity of mudstone decreases with increasing stress level during cyclic loading, and both intermittency and confining pressure help to enhance the modulus of elasticity of mudstone.3. in graded intermittent fatigue tests. In both uniaxial and triaxial tests, the residual strains generated by the post-interval cycles are smaller than those generated before the intervals.4. In the 3MPa graded interval fatigue test, negative deformation occurs in the post-interval cycle due to the release of elastic energy.
Analysis and research on the chemical composition of ancient Chinese glass
Authors: Fang Ming , Huang Jiaqi
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the classification rules for lead-barium and highpotassium glass. First, we noticed that the glass types differed considerably for the five components. After analyzing the data and establishing the independent T-test model, We developed the Logistic regression classification model using these components as independent factors and the glass types as dependent variables, and we derived the classification function for the glass types. Second, high-potassium glass, was divided into two subclasses based on calcium and aluminum content using the K-means++ model and associated literature on the chemical composition of ancient Chinese glass [1][2]. These were grass-ash high-potassium glass and nitrate high-potassium glass, as well as two types of lead-barium glass: lead-sodium glass and lead-calcium glass. Finally, the cluster center coordinate values were perturbed by -10% and 10%, verifying the classification of each sample under different perturbations, and the resulting subclass divisions remained unchanged, confirming the low sensitivity of the classification results.
Verification of the increase in concomitant dysplasia and cancer with the size of sessile serrated lesions
Authors: Ohki Daisuke , Tsuji Yosuke , Hisada Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Hideki , Mizutani Satoru , Oshio Kaori , Sato Junichi , Kubota Dai , Cho Rina , Miura Yuko , Mizutani Hiroya , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Takahashi Yu , Yakabi Seiichi , Kakushima Naomi , Yamamichi Nobutake , Ushiku Tetsuo , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2024

Background and study aims This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sessile serrated lesion (SSL) size and the comorbidity rate of SSL with dysplasia (SSLD) and cancer in SSL (SSL-cancer).

Patients and methods This retrospective, single-center analysis identified SSL cases that underwent endoscopic resection between January 2015 and December 2022. The prevalence of SSL, SSLD, and SSL-cancer and their annual trends were assessed. The tumor diameter was stratified as 0 to 5 mm, 6 to 9 mm, 10 to 19 mm, and ≥ 20 mm in size. Furthermore, the frequency of SSL-D/SSL-cancer was determined in each group.

Results The prevalence of SSL was 2.9% (1328/45799). This prevalence was 1.8% (112/6192) in 2015 and 4.2% (230/5500) in 2022, indicating an increasing trend over time. A total of 1825 lesions were assessed: 1751 (96.0%), 55 (3.0%), 14 (0.8%), and 5 (0.3%) of lesions were SSL, SSL with low-grade dysplasia, SSL with high-grade dysplasia and SSL-cancer, respectively. Stratifying the SSLs by size: 0 to 5 mm, 5 to 9 mm, 10 to 19 mm, and ≥ 20 mm, SSLD and SSL-cancer rates were 2.3% (10/429), 2.4% (16/674), 5.3% (31/584), and 11.8% (16/136), respectively. SSLD and SSL-cancer were observed in 2.4% (26/1103) of small SSLs < 10 mm.

Conclusions In cases of SSL, the rate of SSLD and SSL-cancer increased as the lesion diameter increased. A certain rate of SSLD and SSL-cancer was observed even in small SSLs less than 5mm.
Healing of Humeral Intracondylar Fissure Following Distal Ulnar Ostectomy to Treat Concurrent Elbow Joint Incongruity in a Dog
Authors: Alvarez Rodrigo , Motta Claudio
Published: January 2024

A 22-week-old female Labrador retriever presented with intermittent bilateral forelimb lameness. Computed tomography (CT) study interpretation revealed bilateral humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) surrounded by sclerotic epiphyseal bone. Other changes included bilateral distal ulna retained cartilage core, secondary negative radioulnar incongruity (RUI), and medial coronoid process disease. The patient underwent bilateral dynamic distal ulnar ostectomies (DUO) in an attempt to address the elbow incongruity. Follow-up CT studies were performed at 2, 4, and 10 months postoperatively, which showed a bilateral improvement of elbow congruence and complete healing of HIF on the left side. The degree of congruence correction in the right elbow was possibly suboptimal, and following an initial improvement, a transcondylar screw was placed due to HIF progression.
Nonlinear nanoresonators for Bell state generation
Authors: Weissflog Maximilian A. , Dezert Romain , Vinel Vincent , Gigli Carlo , Leo Giuseppe , Pertsch Thomas , Setzpfandt Frank , Borne Adrien , Saravi Sina
Published: January 2024

Entangled photon states are a fundamental resource for optical quantum technologies and investigating the fundamental predictions of quantum mechanics. Up to now such states are mainly generated in macroscopic nonlinear optical systems with elaborately tailored optical properties. In this theoretical work, we extend the understanding on the generation of entangled photonic states toward the nanoscale regime by investigating the fundamental properties of photon-pair generation in sub-wavelength nonlinear nanoresonators. Taking materials with Zinc-Blende structure as an example, we reveal that such systems can naturally generate various polarization-entangled Bell states over a very broad range of wavelengths and emission directions, with little to no engineering needed. Interestingly, we uncover different regimes of operation, where polarization-entangled photons can be generated with dependence on or complete independence from the pumping wavelength and polarization, and the modal content of the nanoresonator. Our work also shows the potential of nonlinear nanoresonators as miniaturized sources of biphoton states with highly complex and tunable properties.
A framework for quantifying individual and collective common sense
Authors: Whiting Mark E. , Watts Duncan J.
Published: January 2024

The notion of common sense is invoked so frequently in contexts as diverse as everyday conversation, political debates, and evaluations of artificial intelligence that its meaning might be surmised to be unproblematic. Surprisingly, however, neither the intrinsic properties of common sense knowledge (what makes a claim commonsensical) nor the degree to which it is shared by people (its “commonness”) have been characterized empirically. In this paper, we introduce an analytical framework for quantifying both these elements of common sense. First, we define the commonsensicality of individual claims and people in terms of the latter’s propensity to agree on the former and their awareness of one another’s agreement. Second, we formalize the commonness of common sense as a clique detection problem on a bipartite belief graph of people and claims, defining

pq

common sense as the fraction

q

of claims shared by a fraction

p

of people. Evaluating our framework on a dataset of

2
,
046

raters evaluating

4
,
407

diverse claims, we find that commonsensicality aligns most closely with plainly worded, fact-like statements about everyday physical reality. Psychometric attributes such as social perceptiveness influence individual common sense, but surprisingly demographic factors such as age or gender do not. Finally, we find that collective common sense is rare: At most, a small fraction

p

of people agree on more than a small fraction

q

of claims. Together, these results undercut universalistic beliefs about common sense and raise questions about its variability that are relevant both to human and artificial intelligence.
Climate change determines the sign of productivity trends in US forests
Authors: Hogan J. Aaron , Domke Grant M. , Zhu Kai , Johnson Daniel J. , Lichstein Jeremy W.
Published: January 2024

Forests are integral to the global land carbon sink, which has sequestered ~30% of anthropogenic carbon emissions over recent decades. The persistence of this sink depends on the balance of positive drivers that increase ecosystem carbon storage—e.g., CO
2
fertilization—and negative drivers that decrease it—e.g., intensifying disturbances. The net response of forest productivity to these drivers is uncertain due to the challenge of separating their effects from background disturbance–regrowth dynamics. We fit non-linear models to US forest inventory data (113,806 plot remeasurements in non-plantation forests from ~1999 to 2020) to quantify productivity trends while accounting for stand age, tree mortality, and harvest. Productivity trends were generally positive in the eastern United States, where climate change has been mild, and negative in the western United States, where climate change has been more severe. Productivity declines in the western United States cannot be explained by increased mortality or harvest; these declines likely reflect adverse climate-change impacts on tree growth. In the eastern United States, where data were available to partition biomass change into age-dependent and age-independent components, forest maturation and increasing productivity (likely due, at least in part, to CO
2
fertilization) contributed roughly equally to biomass carbon sinks. Thus, adverse effects of climate change appear to overwhelm any positive drivers in the water-limited forests of the western United States, whereas forest maturation and positive responses to age-independent drivers contribute to eastern US carbon sinks. The future land carbon balance of forests will likely depend on the geographic extent of drought and heat stress.
Role of atmospheric resonance and land–atmosphere feedbacks as a precursor to the June 2021 Pacific Northwest Heat Dome event
Authors: Li Xueke , Mann Michael E. , Wehner Michael F. , Rahmstorf Stefan , Petri Stefan , Christiansen Shannon , Carrillo Judit
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate an indirect, rather than direct, role of quasi-resonant amplification of planetary waves in a summer weather extreme. We find that there was an interplay between a persistent, amplified large-scale atmospheric circulation state and soil moisture feedbacks as a precursor for the June 2021 Pacific Northwest “Heat Dome” event. An extended resonant planetary wave configuration prior to the event created an antecedent soil moisture deficit that amplified lower atmospheric warming through strong nonlinear soil moisture feedbacks, favoring this unprecedented heat event.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent liver abscess formation during
Escherichia coli
bloodstream infection
Authors: Hullahalli Karthik , Dailey Katherine G. , Hasegawa Yuko , Johnson Welkin E. , Waldor Matthew K.
Published: January 2024

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream is associated with severe clinical outcomes. In mice, intravenous inoculation of
Escherichia coli
can lead to the formation of macroscopic abscesses in the liver. Abscesses are regions of severe necrosis and consist of millions of bacteria surrounded by inflammatory immune cells. Liver abscess susceptibility varies widely across strains of mice, but the host factors governing this variation are unknown. Here, we profiled hepatic transcriptomes in mice with varying susceptibility to liver abscess formation. We found that transcripts from endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are robustly induced in the liver by
E. coli
infection and ERV expression positively correlates with the frequency of abscess formation. Hypothesizing that ERV-encoded reverse transcriptase may generate cytoplasmic DNA and heighten inflammatory responses, we tested whether nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) influence abscess formation. Strikingly, a single NRTI dose administered immediately following
E. coli
inoculation prevented abscess formation, leading to a concomitant 100,000-fold reduction in bacterial burden. We provide evidence that NRTIs inhibit abscess formation by preventing the tissue necrosis that facilitates bacterial replication. Together, our findings suggest that endogenous reverse transcriptases drive inflammatory responses during bacterial bloodstream infection to drive abscess formation. The high efficacy of NRTIs in preventing abscess formation suggests that the consequences of reverse transcription on inflammation should be further examined, particularly in infectious diseases where inflammation drives negative clinical outcomes, such as sepsis.
Adipose-tissue regulatory T cells are a consortium of subtypes that evolves with age and diet
Authors: Muñoz-Rojas Andrés R. , Wang Gang , Benoist Christophe , Mathis Diane
Published: January 2024

Foxp3
+
CD4
+
regulatory T (Treg) cells found within tissues regulate local immunity, inflammation, and homeostasis. Tregs in epididymal visceral adipose tissue (eVAT) are critical regulators of local and systemic inflammation and metabolism. During aging and under obesogenic conditions, eVAT Tregs undergo transcriptional and phenotypic changes and are important for containing inflammation and normalizing metabolic indices. We have employed single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell
Tra
and
Trb
sequencing, adoptive transfers, photoconvertible mice, cellular interaction analyses, and in vitro cultures to dissect the evolving heterogeneity of eVAT Tregs with aging and obesity. Distinct Treg subtypes with distinguishable gene expression profiles and functional roles were enriched at differing ages and with differing diets. Like those in lean mice, eVAT Tregs in obese mice were not primarily recruited from the circulation but instead underwent local expansion and had a distinct and diversified T cell receptor repertoire. The different eVAT-Treg subtypes were specialized in different functions; for example, the subtypes enriched in lean, but not obese, mice suppressed adipogenesis. The existence of functionally divergent eVAT-Treg subtypes in response to obesogenic conditions presents possibilities for precision therapeutics in the context of obesity.
Noun classifiers in Hong Kong Sign Language
Authors: Koenders Emily
Published: January 2024

As most other sign languages, Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL) makes use of verbal classifiers for the purpose of spatial predication. However, a thorough study of the Asian SignBank shows that these same classifier handshapes occur in 76% of all HKSL nouns. In this paper, I argue that these classifier handshapes embedded in nouns are in fact noun classifiers. Under the framework of Distributed Morphology, classifier handshapes are underspecified roots in root compounds which can be assigned the nominal category when merged with a nominal functional head in syntax. The function of these classifiers is to identify, and categorize a discourse referent, and they are full-fledged classifiers according to standards set by the general linguistic literature on classifiers. In addition to verbal and noun classifiers, I also briefly show how HKSL uses mensural numeral classifiers to intervene between mass nouns and numerals within the NP. Taken together, this means that HKSL employs three different types of classifiers: verbal, noun, and numeral classifiers.
Ultrathin Limit on the Anisotropic Superconductivity of Single-Layered Cuprate Films
Authors: Ran 冉 Feng 峰 , Chen 陈 Pan 潘 , Li 李 Dingyi 丁艺 , Xiong 熊 Peiyu 沛雨 , Fan 樊 Zixin 子鑫 , Ling 凌 Haoming 浩铭 , Liang 梁 Yan 艳 , Zhang 张 Jiandi 坚地
Published: January 2024

Exploring dimensionality effects on cuprates is important for understanding the nature of high-temperature superconductivity. By atomically layer-by-layer growth with oxide molecular beam epitaxy, we demonstrate that La2–x
Sr
x
CuO4 (x = 0.15) thin films remain superconducting down to 2 unit cells of thickness but quickly reach the maximum superconducting transition temperature at and above 4 unit cells. By fitting the critical magnetic field (μ
0
H
c2), we show that the anisotropy of the film’s superconductivity increases with decreasing film thickness, indicating that the superconductivity of the film gradually evolves from weak three- to two-dimensional character. These results are helpful to gain more insight into the nature of high-temperature superconductivity with dimensionality.
Enhanced optical third-harmonic generation in phase-engineered nanostructured Zn1−x
Cd
x
S thin films for optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Bairy Raghavendra , Vijeth H , Rajesh K , Kulkarni Suresh D , Gummagol Neelamma , Murari M S
Published: January 2024

A polycrystalline nanostructured thin film of zinc cadmium sulfide was meticulously fabricated on a glass substrate using the thermal evaporation method physical vapor deposition within a vacuum chamber. Different doping concentrations were introduced by varying the cadmium (Cd) content, resulting in Zn1-x
Cd
x
S films with Cd concentrations ranging from x = 0.00–0.20 wt %. The impact of Cd doping on the third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties of these films was thoroughly studied using the Z-scan method, employing a diode-pumped solid-state continuous-wave laser. To gain insight into the structural characteristics, the Zn1-x
Cd
x
S thin films underwent analysis through x-ray diffraction. Optical studies confirmed the tunability of the optical band gap (Eg) in the Zn1-x
Cd
x
S films, ranging from 3.88 eV for undoped ZnS to 2.80 eV for the film fabricated with 20 wt. % of Cd-content. This significant reduction in ‘Eg’ renders the films highly suitable for use as absorbing layers in applications such as solar cells and optoelectronics. Surface morphology analysis, performed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, revealed noticeable alterations with increased Cd doping. Significantly, the doped films exhibited a substantial redshift in the band edge and an increase in transmittance within the visible and near-infrared regions. The investigation of TONLO properties, including the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), nonlinear refractive index (n
2) and susceptibility χ(3), yielded values ranging from 3.15 × 10−3 to 8.16 × 10−3 (cm W−1), 1.65 × 10−8 to 7.45 x 10–8 (cm2 W−1), and 3.12 × 10−5 to 7.86 × 10−5 (esu), respectively. These results indicate the presence of self-defocusing nonlinearity in the films. Overall, the outcomes underscore the potential of Cd-doped ZnS nanostructures in modifying surface morphology and enhancing NLO characteristics. Zn1-x
Cd
x
S thin films exhibit promise for applications in nonlinear optical devices, as evidenced by these encouraging findings.
Designing bi-functional Ag-CoGd0.025Er0.05Fe1.925O4 nanoarchitecture via green method
Authors: Ateia Ebtesam E , Elraaie Raghda , Mohamed Amira T
Published: January 2024

In the current study, we developed a simple and biocompatible method for producing core–shell nanoparticles (NPs). Citrate auto combustion and green procedures were used to create core–shell Ag/CoGd0.025Er0.05Fe1.925O4 (Ag/CGEFO) sample with an average crystallite size of 26.84 nm. The prepared samples were characterized via different structural techniques, such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive x-ray analysis. These analyses were utilized to characterize and confirm the successful formation of the core–shell architecture. For core–shell NPs, all peaks of Ag and CGEFO ferrite are detected in the XRD, confirming the co-presence of the ferrite spinel phase and the cubic Ag phase. The magnetic hysteresis curves demonstrate typical hard ferri-magnetic behavior along with maximum magnetic saturation values up to 53.74 emu g−1 for the CGEFO sample, while an enhanced coercivity is detected for the coated sample. Moreover, the width of the hysteresis loop is increased for the Ag/CGEFO sample compared to the uncoated one. This indicates that the addition of Ag as a shell increases magneto crystalline anisotropy. Moreover, the E
g of uncoated CGEFO is equal to 1.4 eV, increasing to 3.6 eV for coated ones. This implies the influence of CGEFO is diminished when the surface is coated with Ag (shell), and the reflectance of the Ag/CGEFO core–shell is nearly dependent on the reflectance of the Ag shell layer. Consequently, the Ag/CGEFO can be used as a light shielding substance.
Fast subsampling strategy for point cloud based on novel octree coding
Authors: Zheng Zhen , Wang Cheng-jun , Zha Bing-ting , Liu Hao-dong , Zhang He
Published: January 2024

Owing to the continuous expansion in data scale, the calculation, storage, and transmission of 3D data have been plagued by numerous issues. The point cloud data, in particular, often contain duplicated and anomalous points, which can hinder tasks such as measurement. To address this issue, it is crucial to utilize point cloud pre-processing methods that combine subsampling and denoising. These methods help obtain clean, evenly distributed, and compact points to enhance the accuracy of the data. In this study, an efficient point cloud subsampling method is proposed that combines point cloud denoising capabilities. This method can effectively preserve salient features while improving the quality of point cloud data. By constructing the octree structure of the point cloud, the corresponding node code is obtained according to the spatial coordinates of the point cloud, and the feature vector of the node is calculated based on the analysis of covariance. Node feature similarity is introduced to distinguish the node into feature and non-feature nodes, forming the node feature code, and the layer threshold is introduced to filter outliers. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm has a time ratio of over four compared to the curvature-based algorithm. Additionally, it exhibits an average grey entropy that is

1.6
×

e

−
3

lower than that of the random sampling method. And considering both time cost and subsampling effectiveness, proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art subsampling strategies, such as Approximate Intrinsic Voxel Structure and SampleNet. This approach is effective in removing noise while preserving important features, thereby reducing overall size of the point cloud. The high computational efficiency of our algorithm makes it a valuable reference for fast and precise measurements that require timeliness. It successfully addresses the challenges posed by the continuous expansion of data scale and offers significant advantages over existing subsampling methods. By improving the quality of point cloud data, our algorithm contributes to reducing complexity, enables efficient and accurate measurements.
A novel fault diagnosis framework of rolling bearings based on adaptive dynamic activation convolutional capsule network
Authors: Jiang Guang-Jun , Li De-Zhi , Li Yun-Feng , Zhao Qi , Luan Yu , Duan Zheng-Wei
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a fault diagnosis framework of rolling bearings based on the adaptive dynamic activation convolutional capsule network (CN). The CN is first used to vectorize and mine the spatial information of features aiming at extracting more comprehensive spatial location features. Then, the feature extraction layer of the CN is improved to extract deeper features and reduce the number of parameters. The dynamic activation function is then introduced to extract features better than the steady-state activation function, which can self-adapt the activation features and capture variable feature information. Finally, real rolling bearing data sets are used to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method with the assistance of comparisons with existing fault diagnosis methods. The results confirmed that the proposed framework has better performance in terms of accuracy and generalization.
Using finite element simulation to evaluate charge measurement precision for space inertial sensors
Authors: Chen Bingxue , Hong Wei , Li Honggang , Zhao Menghao , Chu Liangyu , Li Qingqing , Jia Bowen , Zhang Deng , Bai Yanzheng , Zhou Zebing
Published: January 2024

Non-contact measurement and control are essential for accumulated charges on the test mass (TM) of space inertial sensors, as these charges can worsen the sensitivity of space-based gravitational wave detection. However, it is a challenge to evaluate measurement precision due to the limitations of experimental methods. In this study, the charge measurement process is described using an electrostatic force model, and five influence factors in terms of measurement precision are quantitatively evaluated through finite element simulation. The results indicate that the main contributors to mean relative errors (MREs) are the geometric structure of inertial sensors and the charge distribution on the TM. By correcting the capacitance gradient coefficient in the measurement model, the MRE caused by geometric structure can be reduced from 48% to 2%. Furthermore, the rotational modulation scheme demonstrates lower MREs and relative standard deviations, making it a preferred scheme for charge measurement. This study provides a feasible approach to designing and evaluating the charge measurement scheme for space-based gravitational wave detection.
Understanding neural network tuned Langevin thermostat effect on predicting thermal conductivity of graphene-coated copper using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Toprak Kasim
Published: January 2024

Copper has always been used in thermoelectric applications due to its extensive properties among metals. However, it requires further improving its heat transport performance at the nanosized applications by supporting another high thermal conductivity material. Herein, copper was coated with graphene, and the neural network fitting was employed for the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of graphene-coated copper nanomaterials to predict thermal conductivity. The Langevin thermostat that was tuned with a neural network fitting (NNF), which makes up the backbone of deep learning, generated the temperature difference between the two ends of the models. The NNF calibrated the Langevin thermostat damping constants that helped to control the temperatures precisely. The buffer and thermostat lengths were also analyzed, and they have considerable effects on the thermostat temperatures and a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of the graphene-coated copper. Regarding thermal conductivity, the four different shapes of vacancy defect concentrations and their locations in the graphene sheets were further investigated. The vacancy between the thermostats significantly decreases the thermal conductivity; however, the vacancy defect in thermostats does not have a similar effect. When the graphene is placed between two copper blocks, the thermal conductivity decreases drastically, and it continues to drop when the sine wave amplitude on the graphene sheet increases.
An ICME framework for short fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites via direct ink writing
Authors: Sun Jason , Marziale Joseph J , Haselhuhn Amberlee S , Salac David , Chen James
Published: January 2024

A manufacturing-driven ICME framework is proposed to model short fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) via direct ink writing. Currently, there lacks efforts to investigate the effects of properties of short fiber reinforced CMCs due to fiber alignment variance. A multi-scale modeling approach is presented to use representative volume elements to capture the homogenized mechanical behavior at various fiber aspect ratios and volume ratios. The orthotropic material properties are mapped to model the printing process. A series of tensile tests simulations show that with 20∘ standard deviation in fiber alignment, the fracture plane has the maximum local tensile stress range at a printing angle of 30∘ and has the minimum local tensile stress range at 90

∘

. When the standard deviation increases from 20∘ to 40∘, the average tensile strength across the fracture plane decreases by 2%, but the stress variations increase 27.6%.
Investigation of small-fraction molecular impurities in high-pressure helium plasmas using optical plasma diagnostic methods
Authors: Urabe Keiichiro , Toyoda Minami , Matsuoka Yoshinori , Eriguchi Koji
Published: January 2024

In high-pressure plasmas using gases diluted via a rare gas, small-fraction impurities in the discharge space significantly impact the basic plasma parameters and excited-species generation processes. This study investigated the behaviors of molecular impurities in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) generated in a flow of high-purity He gas using optical plasma diagnostic methods. The optical emission spectra obtained under various discharge conditions (pressure, flow rate, and voltage frequency) indicated that the major impurity species in the He DBD was the H2O molecule, and the DBD decomposed the H2O before reaching the measurement spot. To quantitatively analyze the H2O fraction, time-resolved laser absorption spectroscopy was performed to measure the exponential decay time of He metastable (Hem) atoms in the He-DBD. The H2O fraction in the He gas flow was derived from the dependence of Hem lifetime decay on the voltage frequency. In addition, a model was proposed to estimate the H2O fraction under various He pressure and flow rate conditions from reference data. The procedures to perform optical plasma diagnostics and evaluate the fraction and behavior of H2O impurities are expected to facilitate a better understanding and control of high-pressure plasmas.
Continuously monitored quantum systems beyond Lindblad dynamics
Authors: Lami Guglielmo , Santini Alessandro , Collura Mario
Published: January 2024

The dynamics of a quantum system, undergoing unitary evolution and continuous monitoring, can be described in term of quantum trajectories. Although the averaged state fully characterizes expectation values, the entire ensemble of stochastic trajectories goes beyond simple linear observables, keeping a more attentive description of the entire dynamics. Here we go beyond the Lindblad dynamics and study the probability distribution of the expectation value of a given observable over the possible quantum trajectories. The measurements are applied to the entire system, having the effect of projecting the system into a product state. We develop an analytical tool to evaluate this probability distribution at any time t. We illustrate our approach by analyzing two paradigmatic examples: a single qubit subjected to magnetization measurements, and a free hopping particle subjected to position measurements.
Ti3C2O2 MXene single-layer as a nanoscale transport device
Authors: Akkuş Ünal Özden , Balcı Erdem , Berber Savas
Published: January 2024

We considered Ti3C2O2 MXene single-layers with stepped edges as a nanoscale field effect transistor (FET) device. Our model device contains stepped edges at the interface of Ti3C2O2 and Ti2CO2 segments, and a top gate. We suggest that Ti2CO2 semiconducting device region can be obtained by etching the central part of a Ti3C2O2 single-layer. We determined the device characteristic of the proposed device in non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) calculations and observed the transistor behavior. The current through the device is controllable by the total amount of accumulated charge on the gate electrode. Our findings should be applicable to a large number of MXenes: Starting from M3C2O2 MXene single-layers, nanoscale FETs could be produced using conventional mask and etching lithography techniques.
Diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the polarizability of a confined hydrogen atom: benchmarking and application to high symmetry wells
Authors: Longo Gaia Micca , Longo Savino
Published: January 2024

We present a non-perturbative direct method to calculate the polarizability of a hydrogen atom confined in a three-dimensional potential well of any geometry. The calculation is based on the diffusion Monte Carlo method. The advantage of the method is simplicity of implementation and immediate adaptability to any well shape. The method is validated for the well-studied spherically confined hydrogen atom, and demonstrated in the case of two other geometries (cube and octahedron), for which this paper provides the first set of results. Although demonstrated here for the confined hydrogen atom, the method can be immediately applied to any single-electron system placed in a three-dimensional potential well of any type and geometry. Results for a hydrogen atom confined in potential wells of cubic or spherical symmetry suggests that the polarizability in these cases is a universal function of the volume of the well. This result can simplify calculations for real situations such as in quantum dots.
Probing astrophysical environment with eccentric extreme mass-ratio inspirals
Authors: Rahman Mostafizur , Kumar Shailesh , Bhattacharyya Arpan
Published: January 2024

The discovery of gravitational waves and black holes has started a new era of gravitational wave astronomy that allows us to probe the underpinning features of gravity and astrophysics in extreme environments of the universe. In this article, we investigate one such study with an extreme mass-ratio inspiral system where the primary object is a spherically symmetric static black hole immersed in a dark matter halo governed by the Hernquist density distribution. We consider the eccentric equatorial orbital motion of the steller-mass object orbiting around the primary and compute measurable effects. We examine the behaviour of dark matter mass and halo radius in generated gravitational wave fluxes and the evolution of eccentric orbital parameters- eccentricity and semi-latus rectum. We further provide an estimate of gravitational wave dephasing and find the seminal role of low-frequency detectors in the observational prospects of such an astrophysical environment.
Multi-scale gyrokinetic simulations of JT-60U L-mode plasma: reduction of the ion scale energy loss due to the nonlinear coupling with the electron scale turbulence
Authors: Xu Shaokang , Maeyama S. , Watanabe T.-H.
Published: January 2024

We investigate the effect of the electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven turbulence on the energy transport in JT-60U L-mode plasma by means of the multi-scale gyrokinetic simulation. In the core region at

r

/

a
=
0.5

, the instability in the ion scale is driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG), meanwhile strong unstable ETG modes are found in the electron scale. The nonlinear multi-scale gyrokinetic simulation shows that ETG modes are stabilized in the nonlinear phase and the energy transport in the multi-scale simulation is similar to that obtained in the ion scale ITG simulation. In an outer region at

r

/

a
=
0.6

, the ion scale instability changes to be the trapped electron mode (TEM). The multi-scale simulation shows that both the ion and the electron energy flux are reduced by

∼

30
%

compared to those obtained in the single scale TEM simulation. Interestingly, the electron energy flux is close to the experimental value after this reduction. From the data analyses, we find that ETG turbulence damps the energy of TEM modes through the ion scale/electron scale coupling and the electron scale/electron scale coupling, and can be modeled as a turbulent diffusion of TEM modes. These results suggest that the single ion scale simulation seems to be still valid in the inner region with

r

/

a
<
0.5

. However, in the outer region it is necessary to include the ETG modes in the gyrokinetic simulations to explain the energy transport in this L-mode plasma. This is the first result showing that ETG turbulence can reduce the electron energy loss via the cross-scale interaction in a real tokamak equilibrium profile.
An energy resolved neutron imaging detector based on boron doped nMCP coupled with a time stamping optical camera
Authors: Tan Jinhao , Song Yushou , Zhou Jianrong , Yang Wenqin , Jiang Xingfen , Zhou Xiaojuan , Xia Yuanguang , Liu Shulin , Yan Baojun , Liu Hui , Wang Songlin , Sun Zhijia , Wei Yadong , Chen Yuanbo
Published: January 2024

Energy resolved neutron imaging has developed rapidly due to
its advantage on testing the inner structure of crystal
samples. Neutron detector is one of the key components to determine
the imaging results quality. The neutron sensitive microchannel
plate (nMCP) has been widely used in energy resolved neutron imaging
experiments because of the high spatial and timing
resolution. However, the ability to adjust field-of-view (FOV) and
spatial resolution has not been realized in the nMCP detector, which
is an attractive capability in energy resolved neutron imaging
experiments. In this paper, an energy resolved neutron imaging
detector was developed by coupling nMCP with a time stamping
camera. The neutrons were absorbed by nMCP and converted into light
through a phosphor screen. Then the light was focused on the camera
by optical lens. A data algorithm was designed to improve the data
quality. By changing the magnification of the optical lens, large
FOV (46mm diameter) and high spatial resolution (26 μm) were
realized in the experiments at CSNS beamline 20. The energy resolved
ability was demonstrated by a Bragg-edge transmission imaging
experiment for aluminum and stainless-steel samples. The performance
of this detector makes it a promising candidate used in energy
resolved neutron imaging.
Preparation of multi-functional sepiolite-based foam concrete and its adsorption and thermal insulation properties
Authors: Zhou Ji , Zhao Zhenyu , Zou Zhimin , Ding Yanhuai
Published: January 2024

Foam concrete is one of the most valuable porous materials used in civil and industrial buildings. Sepiolite, a fibrous hydrous magnesium silicate, possesses exceptional qualities such as a low thermal conductivity, non-polluting nature, and eco-friendliness. In this paper, a multi-functional sepiolite-based foam concrete has been fabricated using a physical foaming technology. The high sepiolite content and unique hierarchical structure endow the foam concrete with excellent adsorption and thermal insulation properties. The foam concrete exhibits a high adsorption capacity towards methanal and ammonia gases. Furthermore, the foam concrete, with its high porosity and good forming ability, shows great potential for application in thermal-insulation materials and wastewater treatment.
Electrical lengths and phase constants of stretchable coplanar transmission lines at GHz frequencies
Authors: Pikushina Alena , Centeno Luis Fernando , Stehr Uwe , Jacobs Heiko , Hein Matthias
Published: January 2024

Elastic, bendable and stretchable electronics establish a new and promising area of multi-physics engineering for a variety of applications, e.g. on wearables or in complex-shaped machine parts. While the area of metamorphic electronics has been investigated comprehensively, the behavior at radio frequencies (RFs), especially in the GHz range, is much less well studied. The mechanical deformation of the soft substrates, for instance, due to stretching, changes the geometrical dimensions and the electrical properties of RF transmission lines. This effect could be desirable in some cases, e.g. for smart devices with shape-dependent transmission or radiation characteristics, or undesirable in other cases, e.g. in feed and distribution networks due to the variable electrical lengths and thus phase variations. This contribution describes the results of a systematic study of the broadband RF properties of coplanar transmission lines on Ecoflex® substrates, based on numerical simulations and experimental data. Two types of stretchable transmission line structures were studied: Meander- and circular ring-segmented lines. Modeling and simulation were performed combining a 2D circuit simulation software with electromagnetic full-wave simulations. The experimental part of the work included the fabrication of metamorphic substrates metallized with thin copper layers and systematic measurements of the electrical lengths and phase constants of coplanar waveguides in the frequency range from 1 to 5 GHz based on vector network analysis for different stretching levels. With the given substrate technology, we succeeded in demonstrating stretchability up to a level of 21%, while the theoretical limit is expected at 57%. The meander- and circular-shaped line structures revealed markedly different sensitivities to the stretching level, which was lower for circular structures compared to the meander structures by approximately a factor of three.
ANFIS-based FOPID controller to enhanced stability of cascaded converter for electric vehicle (EV) charger
Authors: Gupta Ravishankar , Singh Navdeep
Published: January 2024

In an electric vehicle (EV) charger system, a two-stage conversion process is integrated and cascaded with a voltage source converter (VSC) and a Dual active bridge converter (DAB). These impedances VSC outputs impedance (ZoutVSC(s)) and DAB have input impedance (ZinDAB(s)) interact, leading to voltage fluctuation and power loss. To address the cascaded converter’s impedance interaction, the modified controller that combines an adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is used with effective active damping (AD). The modified controller (ANFIS + FOPID + AD) uses ANFIS’s skills to capture and predict the system’s nonlinear behaviour, using its trained data to guide the FOPID’s parameter. The presence of AD ensures the sorting out of impedance interaction problems. Compared to the PID controller, the FOPID controller includes two more degrees of freedom and offers superior adaptability and performance. The effectiveness of the modified controller is tested via frequency response analysis and time domain simulations. Time domain simulations underscore the advantage of the modified controller (ANFIS + FOPID + AD), revealing a remarkable 30% settling time and a 25% overshoot compared to the (FOPID + AD) controller. It is better regarding flexibility, faster response time, and improved system stability. The system performance has been validated and compared by simulation process and HIL technique OPAL RT OP44512.
A proximal policy optimization with curiosity algorithm for virtual drone navigation
Authors: Das Rupayan , Khan Angshuman , Paul Gunjan
Published: January 2024

The drone sector is witnessing a surge in demand for advanced models tailored to address critical applications such as disaster management and intelligent warehouse deliveries. Employing simulation-based experiments with virtual drone navigation is considered a best practice before deploying physical models. Nonetheless, the current state-of-the-art virtual drone navigation system lacks accuracy and introduces notable increments in simulation time. In order to mitigate these issues, this paper introduces a deep reinforcement learning-based drone agent, designed to autonomously navigate within a constrained virtual environment. The proposed drone agent utilizes realistic drone physics in order to ensure flight within the virtual environment. The work uniquely combines & optimizes both control algorithms and physical dynamics, making the model more robust and versatile than others. The integration of curiosity-driven learning with physics-based modeling potentially increases the model's readiness for real-world application, compared to theoretical approaches. The extensive simulation results validate the remarkable speed and accuracy of the proposed scheme compared to baseline works. The trained agent exhibits strength and versatility, enabling it to deal with the numerous targets and obstacles encountered in human environments.
Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia pattern driven by atmospheric blocking in models and observations
Authors: Kaufman Zachary , Feldl Nicole , Beaulieu Claudie
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, Arctic-amplified warming and sea-ice loss coincided with a prolonged wintertime Eurasian cooling trend. This observed Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia pattern has occasionally been attributed to sea-ice forced changes in the midlatitude atmospheric circulation, implying an anthropogenic cause. However, comprehensive climate change simulations do not produce Eurasian cooling, instead suggesting a role for unforced atmospheric variability. This study seeks to clarify the source of this model-observation discrepancy by developing a statistical approach that enables direct comparison of Arctic-midlatitude interactions. In both historical simulations and observations, we first identify Ural blocking as the primary causal driver of sea ice, temperature, and circulation anomalies consistent with the Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia pattern. Next, we quantify distinct transient responses to this Ural blocking, which explain the model-observation discrepancy in historical Eurasian temperature. Observed 1988–2012 Eurasian cooling occurs in response to a pronounced positive trend in Ural sea-level pressure, temporarily masking long-term midlatitude warming. This observed sea-level pressure trend lies at the outer edge of simulated variability in a fully coupled large ensemble, where smaller sea-level pressure trends have little impact on the ensemble mean temperature trend over Eurasia. Accounting for these differences bring observed and simulated trends into remarkable agreement. Finally, we quantify the influence of sea-ice loss on the magnitude of the observed Ural sea-level pressure trend, an effect that is absent in historical simulations. These results illustrate that sea-ice loss and tropospheric variability can both play a role in producing Eurasian cooling. Furthermore, by conducting a direct model-observation comparison, we reveal a key difference in the causal structures characterizing the Warm Arctic–Cold Eurasia Pattern, which will guide ongoing efforts to explain the lack of Eurasian cooling in climate change simulations.