bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Authority as Human Life Guidelines
Authors: Ati Ati
Published: July 2019

This article was conducted to discuss the fading of the response of some people to religion. This response grew in line with emerge of various social phenomena of disappointment. Faith is also considered by some people to no longer be able to support the problem of life. Religion is deemed to be irrelevant to the demands of modernity. God and Religion in the perspective of some societies are then different from the views of the community in general. The authority of the life guidance held by humans is that religion is often only understood as a system of belief or belief in the teachings of God, which has implications for the understanding that religion is a theological doctrine. It is due to the cult of "religion" rather than understanding the "core" of the teachings of religion itself. Religion is only seen as "form" and not as "essence" that teaches submission to God, truth, justice, ethics, and morality.
Sufism as a Therapy in the Modern Life
Authors: Umam Hoerul , Suryadi Iyad
Published: July 2019

Sufism or Taṣawwuf is an ancient fruit of Islamic civilization, but experienced revitalization in this modern era. His presence was increasingly meaningful when he was able to become an "oasis in the desert" for modern people who are experiencing a spiritual crisis. In the form of a particular tarekat (ṭarīqah) or a modified form, Sufism has become a medicine for modernization with all its adverse effects. Sufism with spiritual teachings and noble character increasingly plays an important role. He who was once accused of the cause of Islamic decline, and negatively addressed by some Islamic experts, is now increasingly gaining a place in modern society. It is a solution that is anticipated for the problems of contemporary society. By using a literature study, this article was written to contribute to the phenomenon. Its findings, in addition to using scientific and technological instruments, modern life should also be accompanied by mental, spiritual instruments and morality, which are explained in Sufism.
PERUBAHAN PERANAN WANITA SUNDA: STUDI KASUS DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Komariah Siti
Published: July 2019

This writing explores the sociology of family, especially related to the roles of women in Sundanese societal family, by taking the case of the City of Bandung. By qualitative and survey approaches, the writer apprehends the matters by tracking to women’s job; the age of marriage and the right to choose the spouse; the view of women towards the roles of wife, husband, mother; and their views on jobs and domestic issues. The writer finds out that Sundanese women have got a new condition, like those of breadwinning roles, etc.
Giving Life, Giving Death: Psychoanalysis, Anthropology, Philosophy By L. Scubla
Authors: Reyburn Duncan
Published: July 2019

Giving Life, Giving Death: Psychoanalysis, Anthropology, Philosophy By L. Scubla. Translated by M. B. DeBevoise (2016) East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 367pp.
Dancing Bodies of Devotion: Fluid Gestures in Bharata Natyam By K. C. Zubko (2014)
Authors: LaMothe Kimerer L
Published: July 2019

Dancing Bodies of Devotion: Fluid Gestures in Bharata Natyam By K. C. Zubko (2014) Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, xvii+251pp.
Sight and the Byzantine icon
Authors: Lymberopoulou Angeliki
Published: July 2019

This article addresses the sense of sight through case studies drawn from Byzantine art, the art of Orthodox Christianity. Vision is central to Orthodox worship, facilitated by images known as icons. By enabling the visualization of the invisible divine, the importance of icons is paramount in enhancing the faithful’s religious experience.
Sacred Scents in Early Christianity and Islam By M. Thurlkill (2016)
Authors: Kueny Kathryn
Published: July 2019

Sacred Scents in Early Christianity and Islam By M. Thurlkill (2016) Lanham: Lexington Books, 210pp.
Profissionais do acolhimento institucional: a atuação perante a chegada de uma criança
Authors: Furtado Monalisa Pereira , Magalhães Celina Maria Colino , Silva Agnes De Maria Júnior da , Santos Juliana Oliveira dos
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho foi realizado no contexto do acolhimento institucional. Teve por objetivo examinar de que forma os profissionais atuam na chegada de uma criança. Para isso tomou-se os relatos de 16 educadores e sete membros da equipe técnica, através de questionários para a caracterização sociodemográfica e entrevista semiestruturada. O resultado das entrevistas foi analisado pelo software IRaMuTeQ®. Os principais resultados foram: 1) Maioria dos profissionais eram do sexo feminino, concursados, com ensino superior e capacitação recente; 2) No momento da chegada das crianças à instituição os profissionais agem de forma a explicar os motivos do acolhimento; 3) É comum a emissão de comportamentos de rotina; 4) Existe pouco contato dos educadores com as famílias; 5) As crianças possuem dificuldade para se adaptar à rotina da instituição. Conclui-se que a equipe atua tentando suprir as necessidades físicas e emocionais das crianças, mas estas continuam manifestando dificuldades em se adaptar
Molecular Profiling Reclassifies Adult Astroblastoma into Known and Clinically Distinct Tumor Entities with Frequent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Alterations
Authors: Boisseau William , Euskirchen Philipp , Mokhtari Karima , Dehais Caroline , Touat Mehdi , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Sanson Marc , Capelle Laurent , Nouet Aurélien , Karachi Carine , Bielle Franck , Guégan Justine , Marie Yannick , Martin-Duverneuil Nadine , Taillandier Luc , Rousseau Audrey , Delattre Jean-Yves , Idbaih Ahmed
Published: July 2019

Background

Astroblastoma (ABM) is a rare glial brain tumor. Recurrent meningioma 1 (MN1) alterations have been recently identified in most pediatric cases. Adolescent and adult cases, however, remain molecularly poorly defined.

Materials and Methods

We performed clinical and molecular characterization of a retrospective cohort of 14 adult and 1 adolescent ABM.

Results

Strikingly, we found that MN1 fusions are a rare event in this age group (1/15). Using methylation profiling and targeted sequencing, most cases were reclassified as either pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA)-like or high-grade glioma (HGG)-like. PXA-like ABM show BRAF mutation (6/7 with V600E mutation and 1/7 with G466E mutation) and CD34 expression. Conversely, HGG-like ABM harbored specific alterations of diffuse midline glioma (2/5) or glioblastoma (GBM; 3/5). These latter patients showed an unfavorable clinical course with significantly shorter overall survival (p = .021). Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway alterations (including FGFR fusion, BRAF and NF1 mutations) were present in 10 of 15 patients and overrepresented in the HGG-like group (3/5) compared with previously reported prevalence of these alterations in GBM and diffuse midline glioma.

Conclusion

We suggest that gliomas with astroblastic features include a variety of molecularly sharply defined entities. Adult ABM harboring molecular features of PXA and HGG should be reclassified. Central nervous system high-grade neuroepithelial tumors with MN1 alterations and histology of ABM appear to be uncommon in adults. Astroblastic morphology in adults should thus prompt thorough molecular investigation aiming at a clear histomolecular diagnosis and identifying actionable drug targets, especially in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Implications for Practice

Astroblastoma (ABM) remains a poorly defined and controversial entity. Although meningioma 1 alterations seem to define a large subset of pediatric cases, adult cases remain molecularly poorly defined. This comprehensive molecular characterization of 1 adolescent and 14 adult ABM revealed that adult ABM histology comprises several molecularly defined entities, which explains clinical diversity and identifies actionable targets. Namely, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-like ABM cases show a favorable prognosis whereas high-grade glioma (glioblastoma and diffuse midline gliome)-like ABM show significantly worse clinical courses. These results call for in-depth molecular analysis of adult gliomas with astroblastic features for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and the Molecular Classification of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer in a Latin American Cohort
Authors: Díaz-Casas Sandra Esperanza , Castilla-Tarra Jorge Alberto , Pena-Torres Esperanza , Orozco-Ospino Martha , Mendoza-Diaz Sara , Nuñez-Lemus Marcela , Garcia-Angulo Oscar , Garcia-Mora Mauricio , Guzman-AbiSaab Luis , Lehmann-Mosquera Carlos , Angel-Aristizabal Javier , Duarte-Torres Carlos , Vergel-Martinez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2019

Background

The majority of patients with breast cancer in Colombia are admitted into oncological centers at locally advanced stages of the disease (53.9%). The aim of this study was to describe the pathological response obtained with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) according to the molecular classification of breast cancer in patients with locally advanced tumors treated within the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Functional Breast Cancer Unit (FBCU) in Bogotá, Colombia.

Materials and Methods

This was an observational, descriptive, historical cohort study of patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated within the NCI FBCU.

Results

We included 414 patients who received NACT and surgical management. Most patients had luminal B HER2-negative tumors (n = 134, 32.4%). The overall rate of pathological complete response (pCR) ypT0/ypN0 was 15.2% (n = 63). Tumors that presented the highest rate of pCR were pure HER2, at 40.5% (n = 15; odds ratio [OR], 6.7); however, with a follow-up of 60 months, only the triple negative tumors presented a statistically significant difference for event-free survival (EFS; median recurrence time, 18 months; range, 1–46) and overall survival (OS; median follow-up, 31 months; range 10–57). The molecular subtype that most recurrences presented was luminal B HER2 negative, at 38.3% (n = 28). The majority of recurrences (93.2 %; n = 68; OR, 5.9) occurred in patients in whom no pathological response was obtained (Chevallier 3 and 4).

Conclusion

Pathological response in locally advanced tumors is related to the molecular subtype of breast cancer, finding higher pCR rates in pure HER2 and triple-negative tumors. A direct relationship was found between disease recurrences and the pathological response, evidencing greater tumor recurrence in patients who did not respond to NACT (Chevallier 3 and 4). EFS and OS were greater in patients with pCR, with statistical significance only in triple-negative tumors.

Implications for Practice

This research article is of scientific interest, because it describes the clinical and pathological features and analyzes the correlation between pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the molecular classification of locally advanced breast cancer in patients treated in the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia. It was found that pathological response is related to the molecular subtype of breast cancer. In addition, there is a direct relationship between disease recurrences and pathological response. The survival results were greater in patients with pathological complete response.
Aprendizaje servicio como medida alternativa frente a la sanción educativa
Authors: Cecilia Muñoz Carmen Pilar , Velasco Martínez Leticia Concepción , Tójar Hurtado Juan Carlos
Published: July 2019

. El proyecto descrito en este trabajo tuvo por objeto sustituir determinadas sanciones escolares, fundamentalmente las expulsiones temporales, por la realización de trabajo “al servicio de la comunidad”, a través de la metodología Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS). Fue aplicado en un centro educativo de Educación Secundaria de Málaga, a lo largo del curso 2016/17, con siete estudiantes. En la evaluación, que incluía aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos, participaron todos los agentes implicados de manera directa (alumnado objeto del programa y profesionales que han contribuido a su aplicación directa), así como las familias y otros docentes del alumnado participante. En general, los siete estudiantes participantes han evitado la expulsión fuera del centro por medio de su participación en el programa. Los resultados evidencian un impacto muy positivo (disminución de expulsiones, reducción de las consecuencias negativas, colaboración de la comunidad educativa, y mejora de habilidades sociales y de resolución de conflictos por parte de los estudiantes, contando con el papel mediador del profesorado). Una estrategia basada en la prevención y en la mediación puede contribuir, como han mostrado los resultados de este proyecto, a dejar de centrar la atención en la aplicación de medidas disciplinarias y sancionadoras. Las conclusiones del proyecto realizado invitan a pensar que la experiencia, con las necesarias adaptaciones, puede ser transferible a otros de centros de Educación Secundaria. Si se quiere que la intervención sea efectiva y sostenible en el tiempo, la participación y el diálogo de todos los agentes educativos deben ser clave.
METAPHORIC MEANING AS A RESULT OF CONCEPTUAL INTEGRATION (on the material of the French language)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Hladka Valentyna
Published: July 2019

The article highlights in details the phenomenon of metaphorisation through the prism of cognitive research, in which it is considered as one of the ways of cognition and awareness of reality, and also as one of the cognitive processes of secondary nomination. On the basis of the neo-phraseology of modern French, the author demonstrates the production of a metaphorical meaning as a result of the integration of mental spaces of stable expression constituents.
RELATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF MODAL MEANINGS OF THE COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC FIELD OF PROBABILITY (in Italian)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Okhrimenko Valeria
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on the correlation in the system of modal meanings of the cognitive-semantic modal field of probability in Italian. The system of modal meanings of probability modal field is organized according to the principle of continuality and gradualism: 1) epistemic possibility; 2) contamination of epistemic possibility and epistemic probability; 3) epistemic probability (prototype); 4) contamination of epistemic probability and epistemic necessity; 5) epistemic necessity. The analysis of microtext functioning of modal means that express each of modal meanings permit to state that the modal field of probability is structured according to the principle of continuality. This principle consists in the progressive growing of definiteness of epistemic state of subject (from virtual indefiniteness to definiteness). In the interpretation of a fragment of reality by a subject of modal evaluation it is possible to observe a gradual displacement from polycausality to monocausality that rises as the dependence of epistemic modus on subjective factors (emotional state, design emotionally contaminated) diminishes, and the proportion of objective factors (evaluation made from a neutral position, support on the logical conditionality) rises.
TEXT INFORMATION PECULIARITIES IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Polishchuk Nadiya
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with differentiating the problems of communication, including creating and understanding texts. The study explores the regularities of generating and understanding verbal messages (texts), outlines verbal communication issues and research directions in text linguistics.
DEVELOPING DYNAMICS OF THE MONARQUÍA ESPAÑOLA CONCEPT IN THE 16TH -20TH CENTURIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Popova Natalia
Published: July 2019

The article gives a complex synchronic-diachronic analysis of the Spanish nationally-marked concept MONARQUÍA ESPAÑOLA, which occupies an important place in the national conceptual sphere and is closely linked to many Spanish society’s fields. The conceptual, axiological and associative components of the concept were constantly modified during the 16th-20th centuries, predetermining the evolution of its prototype core. The change of nuclear categories in different historical epochs and the migration of nuclear and peripheral concept elements determined the vectors of its development, including changes in monarchy nature, monarchy’s tendency to adapt to the needs of society and its symbolism in the Spanish people’s minds. The associative concept links actively provoked changes in the set of prototype nuclear categories, determining modifications in the perception and linguistic reflection of the concept. The Spanish language world view reflects the development of the concept MONARQUÍA ESPAÑOLA by a large number of lexical units verbalizing the concept, by metonymic and metaphorical transitions gradually expanding their meaning, by idioms accumulating the national-axiological content of the concept and containing a significant number of potential updates, as well as by microtexts in which the important for each epoch conceptual features were updated. The most significant of them are ABSOLUTA, CATÓLICA, RESPETADA (16th-17th centuries), REFORMISTA (18th century), LIBERAL (19th century), PARLAMENTARIA, REPRESENTATIVA, DEMOCRÁTICA (20th century). The dynamics of the historical development of the concept indicates a permanent increasing of the flexibility of nuclear categories, which correlates with Spanish society’s political, moral and ethical principles.
Measurements of local magnetic fields in a solar flare by splitting of emissive peaks in cores of spectral lines
Authors: Lozitsky V.
Published: July 2019

We present study of solar flare of 19 July 2000 which arose in active region NOAA 9087 and had M 5.6 / 3N importance. Observational material was obtained with the Echelle spectrograph of the horizontal solar telescope of the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The local magnetic fields in this flare were measured by the splitting of emissive peaks of the FeI 5269.54, FeII 4923.93, Нα, Нβ, Нγand D3 HeI lines. The basic idea of the method is based on the fact that the flare emission in some spectral lines is clearly divided into two components: (1) wider and unpolarized, and (2) more narrow and polarized, with significant Zeeman splitting. This is indication to the two-component structure of the magnetic field, with substantially different magnetic fields and thermodynamical conditions in these two components. Due to the fact that the polarized emission is quite confidently separated from the unpolarized, it is possible to measure the local magnetic fields directly in the second (strong) component regardless of the filling factor. It was found that in the bright place of this flare, which was projected on the sunspot penumbra, the effective magnetic field Beff in the FeI 6301.5 i 6302.5 lines measured by splitting of the Fraunhofer profiles, was 900 G. However, the splitting of emissive peaks in Нα, Нβ, Нγ and D3 lines corresponds to 1000 G, 1400 G, 1450 G and about zero, respectively, with errors of 30-50 G for abovenamed FeI lines and about 100–150 G for other lines. This difference in the results is probably due to the fact that in the case of FeI 6301.5 i 6302.5 lines, the Beff value represents several parameters, including the value of the background field, the filling factor, and the intensity of the local fields in the strong component. In contrast, data on the Нα, Нβ, Нγ, and D3 lines mainly reflect local fields in the strong component and indicate the nonmonotonous distribution of the magnetic field with height in solar atmosphere, with its maximum at the chromospheric level. Earlier in this flare, when constructing its semi-empirical model, local amplification of the magnetic field at the photospheric level was discovered, and its value reached 1500 G. These data are confirmed by direct measurements of splitting of emissive peaks in FeI 5269.54 and FeII 4923.93 lines, according to which the magnetic field in the flare was 1250 ± 100 G. Thus, in this flare there were at least two regions (possibly two flat layers) of local amplification of the magnetic field.
Rastreando el sonido. Cartografía de la sonoridad en el arte contemporáneo desde su origen hasta la Asturias del siglo XXI.
Authors: García Sedano Marcelino
Published: July 2019

No cabe duda de que, dentro de las numerosas y diferentes manifestaciones artísticas del arte contemporáneo, el arte sonoro, permanece muchas veces en desventaja con el resto de disciplinas en cuanto a presencia, representación y difusión. Podemos decir que el arte sonoro, entendido en un sentido estricto, sigue siendo una disciplina minoritaria que no ha recibido la debida atención por parte de la crítica, la historiografía y las instituciones. En Asturias, durante los primeros años del siglo XXI ha habido una importante escena que ha explorado las posibilidades del sonido desde una perspectiva creativa. El objetivo de este artículo es reseñar las manifestaciones más importantes dentro de ese contexto y dar un repaso a las características que hacen que estas puedan ser consideradas arte sonoro, así como la evolución y diversas facetas del término.
Aproximación al faro como referente cultural
Authors: Mier Valerón Laura
Published: July 2019

La intención de este artículo es la de realizar un breve recorrido de carácter universal por la trayectoria del faro como referente cultural, trascendiendo la mera dimensión física de esta estructura arquitectónica así como su funcionalidad a modo de herramienta empleada en el campo de la señalización y de la navegación marítimas. En este sentido, se insistirá en la importancia de este elemento como hito patrimonial de referencia así como recurso dinamizador, característico e identitario del paisaje costero en el que se ubica. Asimismo, se le prestará especial atención al impacto cultural que el faro ha ejercido en ciertos ámbitos como el de la creación artística.
Se necesitan artistas para decorar la catedral nueva de Plasencia. Lucas Mitata (c.1525-1598) y la traza para el retablo de la Resurrección (c.1592)
Authors: Méndez Hernán Vicente , Ramos Berrocoso Juan Manuel
Published: July 2019

La decisión que el obispo don fray Martín de Córdoba tomó en 1578 de poner fin a la construcción de la catedral nueva de Plasencia, dio lugar al inicio de una nueva etapa donde la ornamentación del templo recién inaugurado se convirtió en el principal objetivo para futuros prelados y canónigos. En este contexto se enmarca la traza inédita, y recientemente redescubierta en el Archivo Capitular, que Lucas Mitata hizo para la construcción de un retablo dedicado a la Resurrección de Cristo. Su presencia documentada en la ciudad de Alfonso VIII en 1592 nos ha permitido proponer este año como fecha posible para su ejecución. Se trata del segundo dibujo conservado de Mitata, anterior al que hizo para el entierro del obispo don Pedro García de Galarza en la catedral de Coria, frente al cual, sin embargo, el placentino destaca por la calidad y el detalle con los que está ejecutado.
Vanguardia artística y publicidad comercial en la revista Obras (1931-1936)
Authors: Egaña Casariego Francisco
Published: July 2019

A pesar de haber sido una de las publicaciones técnicas mas importantes de su época, la revista Obras apenas ha merecido la atención de historiadores, arquitectos e investigadores de la comunicación. Editada en Madrid por la constructora Agromán y concebida fundamentalmente para visibilizar sus trabajos, desempeñó un importante papel en la difusión del Movimiento Moderno en España, contando para ello con colaboradores en el extranjero. Uno de los aspectos más importantes de Obras fue sin duda la publicidad que incorporaba en sus páginas, permeable a las corrientes artísticas de vanguardia u gestionada a partir de 1934 por la agencia Stentor. Este artículo analiza esta faceta vanguardista de Obras y rescata del olvido la interesante obra publicitaria que realizó para la revista el dibujante y pintor valenciano José Espert (1907-1951), quien recurrió con frecuencia a la novedosa técnica del fotomontaje.
Los influjos estilísticos europeos en las producciones de cerámica asturiana de la Edad Moderna
Authors: Busto Zapico Miguel
Published: July 2019

A través del estudio de  3.237 piezas cerámicas de cronologías que van desde el siglo XIII al XVIII queremos conocer cuáles eran los influjos estilísticos europeos en las producciones de cerámica asturiana. A comienzos de la Edad Moderna los mercados asturianos comienzan a estar inundados por cerámicas de importación, principalmente procedentes de Holanda, Talavera de la Reina, Portugal, Sevilla, País Vasco e Inglaterra. La llegada de estas producciones influirá en las decoraciones desarrolladas en los alfares asturianos de Faro de Limanes y Miranda de Avilés. En esta investigación veremos como en piezas asturianas aparecen motivos creados en Talavera de la Reina, Portugal, Italia, Francia e incluso Holanda. Estas influencias señalan la capacidad de la artesanía del barro asturiana de asimilar novedades, de adaptarse a las nuevas modas decorativas europeas y a las demandas de la sociedad.The European stylistic influences in the Asturian ceramic productions of the Early Modern Period.Through the study of 3,237 ceramic pieces of chronologies that go from the XIII to the XVIII century, we want to know what the European stylistic influences in the production of Asturian ceramics were. At the beginning of the Early Modern Period the Asturian markets began to be flooded by imported ceramics mainly from the Netherlands, Talavera de la Reina, Portugal, Seville, the Basque Country and England. The arrival of these productions will influence the decorations developed in the Asturian potteries of Faro de Limanes and Miranda de Avilés. In this investigation we will see how in Asturian pieces, there are motifs created in Talavera de la Reina, Portugal, Italy, France and even Holland. These influences point to the ability of the Asturian mud crafts to assimilate novelties, the means of adaptation to the new European decorative forms and the demands of society.
Earth Tides and Earthquakes
Authors: Brazee Rutlage J.
Published: July 2019

Over 300 earthquakes are studied to determine whether there is any triggering by tidal forces. Both horizontal and vertical tidal stresses are considered. It is concluded that while the effects of these forces are not negligible they are masked by other generally aperiodic forces of the same order of magnitude.
Fault Plane Solutions and the State of Stress in New England
Authors: Graham Timothy , Chiburis Edward F.
Published: July 2019

An analysis of eighteen New England fault plane solutions indicates that the area can be largely characterized by reverse faulting on north to northeasterly striking fault planes. This implies that New England is predominantly influenced by an east-west to southeast-northwest compressional stress field. This generalization may not apply in certain areas of southern New England.
The North Gower, Ontario, Earthquake of 11 October 1983: Focal Mechanism and Aftershocks
Authors: Wahlstreöm Rutger
Published: July 2019

An earthquake near Ottawa (45.20°N, 75.75°W, focal depth 12 km) of unusually large size for the region's seisrhicity (mb(Lg) = 4.1) provided good P-wave first-motion data for a focal-mechanism solution. The maximum intensity was V(MM) and the area of perceptibility in Canada about 80,000 km2. The first and largest recorded aftershock occurred nine minutes after the main shock with magnitude mb(Lg) = 1.7. Two further small aftershocks ware recorded by a field network. The mechanism is thrust faulting with a predominantly horizontal pressure axis trending 154°. Thrust mechanisms have been found for other earthquakes in southeastern Canada and the northeastern U.S., but orientations of their stress axes are different, and so the North Gower earthquake may reflect a local and not a regional stress field. The nodal planes have strike 71°, dip 75°, and strike 221°, dip 17°. The spatial distribution of aftershocks suggests the gently-dipping nodal plane could be the fault plane. There is uncertainty about the seismotectonics of the region, and the orientation of neither nodal plane correlates with known geological features. More earthquake fault-plane solutions are required to interpret the seismotectonics and the stress regime.
Free-Field Particle Velocity Recordings of the January 31, 1986 Northeastern Ohio Earthquake
Authors: Street R. , Zekulin A. , Mann M.
Published: July 2019

The January 31, 1986 earthquake in northeastern Ohio triggered eight biast monitors in the coal fields of southeastern Ohio and one in western Pennsylvania at epicentral distances of 128 to 297 kilometers from the earthquake. Recordings of the free-field ground motions exhibit predominant frequencies of 1 to 10 Hz, and are consistent with the ground motion model proposed by Nuttli and Herrmann (1984) for the propagation of Lg waves.
The Lake Keowee, South Carolina Earthquakes of February through July 1986
Authors: Acree Steven D. , Acree Jill R. , Talwani Pradeep
Published: July 2019

In the early morning of 13 February 1986, an earthquake with a duration magnitude (MD) of 3.2 rumbled through northwestern South Carolina. The event was centered near Lake Keowee in Oconee County in a region of prior low level seismicity. Approximately eighty aftershocks with magnitudes ranging from −1.0 to 2.0 were recorded during the next six days. The locations of five aftershocks were accurately determined, utilizing data from portable seismographs deployed in the epicentral area. Depths of the two earthquakes with a location quality of B or better were between 3 and 4 km. First motion focal mechanism solutions for the mainshock suggest oblique slip along a plane striking northeast or northwest. The P axis was oriented northeast-southwest in support of the directions obtained from mechanisms of other local earthquakes and from direct measurements of the maximum horizontal stress in the regions.

A second mainshock (MD = 2.8) occurred in the vicinity of Lake Keowee on 11 June 1986 and was followed by over sixty earthquakes during the next five weeks. Focal mechanism solutions from first motion data obtained for the mainshock resemble those of the 13 February event and suggest oblique slip along a northeast or northwest striking plane. Depths of the best located aftershocks were approximately 1 km.

Two tests were applied to the data to assess the reliability of the depth estimates. These involve the determination that the plot of RMS travel time residual versus fixed solution depth exhibits a single, sharp RMS minimum at the depth obtained from a free solution (depth uniqueness) and that the final free solution depth is not dependent upon the choice of starting depth (depth stability). Free solution depths obtained for the majority of the better located aftershocks were found to be unique and stable at depths between 1 and 4 km.

A northeast trending anomaly is prominent in the geophysical data for this area. This anomaly is interpreted to result from an abrupt, lateral change in lithology along a shallow, northeast striking plane. The earthquakes do not appear to be associated with this feature. Instead, these earthquakes appear to be associated with a shallow body and may represent slip along northeast or northwest striking joints. The proximity of these earthquakes to Lake Keowee suggests the possibility of reservoir triggering. No correlation between seismicity and reservoir level is evident prior to the February events. Rapid fluctuations in water level did precede the events in June and July, providing possible triggering mechanisms.
Structure of the Blytheville Arch in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Authors: Hamilton R.M. , McKeown F.A.
Published: July 2019

Seismic-reflection profiles across part of the New Madrid seismic zone in northeastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri show a faulted and structurally complex zone, originally known as Charlie’s ridge but herein renamed Blytheville arch, which is about 10 to 15 km wide and about 110 km long. Several exploratory drill holes in the arch penetrate Upper and possibly Middle Cambrian formations directly below Cretaceous rocks, whereas drill holes off the arch penetrate the Cambrian and Ordovician Knox and Arbuckle Groups equivalents and possibly younger Paleozoic rocks below the Cretaceous; therefore, the pre-Cretaceous rocks in the arch are structurally high. Most earthquakes in the northeast-trending segment of the New Madrid seismic zone along the axis of the Reelfoot rift occur along the arch. Focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the trend show right-lateral, strike-slip movement. Epicenters in the northeastern part of the seismic trend between Caruthersville, MO, and Blytheville, AR, are spatially less dispersed than those to the southwest between Blytheville and Marked Tree, AR. Most of the hypocenters to the northeast cluster between 6 to 12 km deep, whereas those to the southwest range from near the surface to about 15 km deep. Earthquakes in the northeast part of the seismic trend are concentrated along a fault zone under the arch, whereas those to the southwest are more dispersed under the arch. A seismic trend that extends south-southwest from near Charleston, MO, projects to the northwest side of the ridge near Blytheville, where the seismicity changes character and the southeast boundary of the arch trends more easterly. The relationship between the structural boundaries of the arch and the seismicity may establish the extent of part of New Madrid seismicity and improve the basis for seismic hazard assessment.
The June 1987 Southeastern Illinois Earthquake: Possible Tectonism Associated with the La Salle Anticlinal Belt
Authors: Hamburger Michael W. , Rupp John. A.
Published: July 2019

The June 10, 1987 southeastern Illinois earthquake (mb =5.0) is the largest event to have taken place in the northern midcontinent for 19 years, and is one of only seven events of comparable size to have occurred in this area in the 200-year historical record. The earthquake occurred near a transition zone between the northeast-trending Wabash Valley Fault System and the northwest-trending La Salle flexural belt. The main shock epicenter is positioned 30 km north of the northernmost mapped Wabash Valley faults, and detailed structural mapping in this area documents a systematic decrease in displacement along these faults approaching this termination. Immediately to the northeast of the main shock begins a major northwest-trending late Paleozoic fold structure: the La Salle Anticlinal Belt. This structural feature, marking a major flanking monocline of the Illinois Basin, displays over 750 meters of relief disrupting the lower Paleozoic strata, as well as the Precambrian basement surface. While there is little indication of faulting of the uppermost Paleozoic strata, the sharpness of the relief on the basement and limited seismic reflection data suggest that high-angle basement faulting, down-dropped toward the basin, has occurred beneath the Paleozoic cover. The transition between these two structural regimes may be accompanied by a sharp change in the regional contemporary stress orientation, from east-west compression in northern and central Indiana to north-northeast-trending compression in the Wabash and Ohio River valleys. The earthquake focal mechanism, like that of two other events in the area, indicates a nearly east-west P-axis, paralleling the trend of other contemporary stress indicators. Well constrained depths of aftershocks suggest that the main shock occurred at a depth of 7–11 km, which would place it within the mid-crust, 4–6 km below the top of the Precambrian basement. We propose that the southeastern Illinois event is associated with basement deformation within a complex structural transition zone connecting the two tectonic regimes, rather than the result of reactivation of a simple graben-like extension of the New Madrid Seismic Zone.
Near-Regional Waveforms: Selected Observations from Two Eastern North American Earthquake Sequences
Authors: Barstow Noël , Carter Jerry A. , Pomeroy Paul W. , Sutton George H.
Published: July 2019

The 19 October, 1985 Ardsley, New York magnitude 4.0 mainshock can be characterized as the superposition of three sub-events. Aftershocks of the 31 March, 1982 Miramichi, New Brunswick magnitude 5.0 earthquake occur at nearly the same depth as the mainshock, approximately 3 km, and at least one aftershock is resolvably deeper by several kilometers. These results are interpreted from observations of digital recordings of near-regional seismograms.
Recent Shallow Swarms of Seismicity in Southeastern New York, Northern New Jersey and Central Connecticut
Authors: Quittmeyer R.C. , Mrotek K.A. , Agnew J.D. , Naumoff P.G. , Statton C.T.
Published: July 2019

Shallow swarms of earthquakes comprise one type of seismicity occurring in the northeastern United States. These events occur in basement rocks that lie near the earth’s surface, have focal depths less than 3 km, exhibit maximum magnitudes of about 2 to 4-1/4, and consist of tens to hundreds of events. The swarms also tend to recur in the vicinity of previous swarms. Three recent swarms were recorded by local monitoring networks, supplemented in some cases by portable instrumentation. Detailed analyses of these three swarms, located at Annsville, NY, Tranquility, NJ, and Moodus, CT, show that their source volumes are characterized by a radius less than 1/2 km. The orientation and style of faulting exhibited are consistent with those observed for deeper events nearby. For Annsville and Moodus, where stress was measured in deep boreholes located 20 km and less than 1 km from the swarm epicenters, respectively, the orientation and style of faulting agree with those expected.
Australian Seismicity - The Puzzle of the not so Stable Continent
Authors: Denham David
Published: July 2019

Data obtained in the last 20 years show that tectonic models requiring the Australian continent to be stable and aseismic have to be modified. It is now apparent that the continent experiences significant levels of seismicity; large (M∼7) earthquakes occur from time to time; and the spatial and temporal distributions of earthquakes do not exhibit well defined patterns. We now know that these earthquakes are caused by compressive stresses in the crust, and that since 1967 five earthquakes have been associated with surface faulting. There are also indications of Recent prehistoric fault scarps in several localities. Evidence from focal mechanisms, borehole deformations in deep (>1 km) drill holes, and in-situ stress measurements indicates that compressive stresses in the crust exist continent-wide. In some regions the levels of stress are very high; in Western Australia, values >20 MPa have been observed at depths ∼10 m. The orientation of the axis of maximum compression varies considerably across the continent, but within specific regions the directions appear consistent. Thus, in the southeastern part of the continent the direction is northwest-southeast, whereas in the southwest it is almost due east-west. We can speculate that most earthquakes take place in the weaker upper-crust, but a model has not yet been developed which will assist in forecasting when and where the next large earthquake will occur.
Precambrian Basement and Phanerozoic Tectonism in the New Madrid, Missouri, Region
Authors: Buschbach T. C.
Published: July 2019

Depiction of the configuration of the top of Precambrian rocks in the New Madrid region has long been tentative because of the relatively small number of datum points available and the difficulties in projecting known structural trends downward through the complex faulting that exists at the base of the Phanerozoic sedimentary section. Geological, geophysical, and seismological studies during the past 15 years have contributed new data that suggest considerable geodynamic activity and the presence of an ancient rift complex in this area.

A map showing the postulated configuration of the top of Precambrian crystalline rocks constructed on the basis of a new understanding of tectonic movements since the close of Precambrian time differs markedly from those prepared previously. The Rough Creek Graben and Reelfoot Rift are fault-bounded, linear depressions with several thousands of feet of vertical offset. These down-dropped blocks, in addition to being filled with thick layers of Cambrian sediments, also served as depocenters during later periods of Phanerozoic deposition. A marked, northwest-trending uplift, the Pascola Arch, is shown as a 10,000-foot uplift intersecting the Reelfoot Rift. The Pascola Arch was a later Paleozoic to middle Mesozoic feature that effectively formed the southern boundary of the Illinois Basin.
Rheological Models for Continental Seismicity and Maximum Seismogenic Depth
Authors: Sibson R. H.
Published: July 2019

In fault systems at plate boundaries, maximum seismogenic depth is likely defined by the transition with depth from unstable frictional slip to localized, high strain rate (γ̇≈1011/s) quasi-plastic shearing in trans-crustal, tabular fault zones; the transition being significantly affected by variations in regional heat flow. However, such deep driven rheological models are probably inappropriate for areas of intraplate seismicity such as the eastern United States where, despite the low cratonic heat flow, the larger earthquakes (mb≈5) seem to nucleate in the 5–10 km depth range. Similar shallow nucleation depths have also been noted for large intraplate events in the cratonic crust of Australia.

A more appropriate model for such intraplate activity is to view the upper levels of cratonic crust as a remotely-loaded, flawed stress-guide, where time-dependent failure may occur through processes such as stress corrosion. A rheological criterion accounting for the depths of these cratonic events is that seismogenic failure can only occur when the loading strain rate is greater than the potential rate of flow relaxation within the focal volume, suggesting an important size effect. Loading strain rates estimated from likely earthquake recurrence intervals in such areas are extremely low (<10−16/s ). At such low strain rates, the upper crust is effectively decoupled, even though no geologically obvious strain signature will develop in the middle or lower crust over lengthy time periods. Available strain energy, and perhaps maximum earthquake size, may then be quite sensitively linked to maximum seismogenic depth. A range of intermediate mixed behavior must exist between these end-member models.
First Fault Plane Identification in the Southern Appalachians: The mbLg Vonore, Tennessee, Earthquake of March 27, 1987
Authors: Nava Susan J. , Munsey Jeffrey W. , Johnston Arch C.
Published: July 2019

The mbLg 4.2 Vonore, Tennessee, earthquake of March 27, 1987 — although of modest size — is the second largest instrumentally located event in the southern Appalachians and the largest in the region to occur within an existing regional seismic network. An aggressive portable network deployment yielded tightly constrained hypocentral locations and focal mechanisms for the main shock and a 21-event aftershock sequence. This high quality data set has yielded several estimates of fault characteristics, heretofore unavailable, that improve the understanding of seismogenesis in the southern Appalachians. For example, we obtained excellent agreement between fault plane orientation from focal mechanisms with that from aftershock distribution; nearly pure right lateral strike-slip faulting on a near-vertical, north-south plane is indicated. Fault rupture area from aftershocks is constrained to 4.0–9.9 km2, with a best value of 6.6 km2; seismic moment obtained from a robust regression on mbLg is M0=6.7(±1.5)×1021 dyne-cm. These values yield an average slip of 23–61 mm (best value, 31 mm) and a stress drop of approximately 1 bar. Rupture was probably unilateral, initiating at a depth of 18.1(±1) km and propagating up-dip as well as laterally. The entire rupture plane is within crystalline basement rock at least 10 km beneath the Appalachian decollement, in agreement with previous models of the southern Appalachian seismogenic zone (e.g., Johnston et al., 1985). Finally we discuss two unusual phenomena and their probable association with the Vonore earthquake: surface fissuring and peripheral aftershocks.
Reanalysis of the 1963 Baffin Island Earthquake (MS 6.2) and its Seismotectonic Environment
Authors: Hasegawa Henry S. , Adams John
Published: July 2019

The 1963 Baffin Island earthquake of MS 6.2 is reanalyzed to determine whether or not it involved normal faulting, as previously suggested. The revised fault-plane solution has nodal planes with strike 113°, dip 66°, rake 235° and strike 352°, dip 41°, rake 322°. The T-axis trends 227° and plunges 14°, and the P-axis trends 338° and plunges 55°. Thus though this solution confirms normal faulting, it suggests a larger strike-slip component than most previous studies. The tension axis is oriented SW, which is normal to the NW geographic trend of Baffin Island. We consider that the normal-fault regime could be a transient phenomena related to extensional stress in the glacial forebulge presently centered over northeast Baffin Island, and is associated with incomplete postglacial rebound. However, future geophysical measurements such as heat flow, in-situ stress and vertical uplift rate, as well as more fault-plane solutions are required to test this hypothesis.
A Student’s Guide to Point Sources in Homogeneous Media
Authors: Pujol Jose , Herrmann R. B.
Published: July 2019

The analysis of point sources in homogeneous media is presented in an introductory but rigorous manner. Stokes solution to the elastic wave equation with a concentrated body force is extended to include couples and moment tensor sources. The single couple and the double couple without moment are discussed in detail because of their importance in earthquake source studies. To simplify the treatment, the transformation properties of tensors under rotations are used throughout. This guide is intended to complement that written by Jost and Herrmann (1989) on moment tensors. A FORTRAN 77 program is provided to plot P, SV, SH radiation patterns as well as S-wave polarizations on a lower hemisphere focal sphere for an arbitrary symmetric moment tensor.
The Meade County, Kentucky, Earthquakes of January and March 1990
Authors: Street R. , Zekulin A. , Harris J.
Published: July 2019

The series of earthquakes that occurred in Meade County, Kentucky, in January and March of 1990, are the first events in an otherwise aseismic area. First motions recorded for the three largest events in January suggest a predominantly strike-slip mechanism with a pressure axis of trend = 275° and plunge = 14° , and a tension axis of trend = 178° and plunge = 31°. A comparison between the mechanisms for the Meade county events and those shown in Taylor et al. (1989) for the southeastern Illinois area, indicates a continuity in the regional deviatoric stress from southeastern Illinois into north-central Kentucky. This finding conflicts with that previously suggested by Ault et al. (1985) who proposed that the two areas were in regions of differing stress regimes.