bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resíduos sólidos e suas implicações na cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão
Authors: Silva Dhállyth Zainny Pereira , Sousa Maria Karine Fernandes de , Sousa Jailson de Macedo , Queiroz Cleonilde da Conceição Silva
Published: June 2020

A questão ambiental tem ocupado lugares privilegiados nas agendas dos mais variados debates científicos no universo acadêmico desde a segunda metade do século XX. São vários os impactos ambientais ocorridos nos mais distintos países do mundo decorrentes da ação antrópica. Desse modo, buscamos entender, neste artigo, os impactos ambientais presenciados no município de Imperatriz, Maranhão, sobretudo, aqueles gerados por meio de resíduos sólidos que devem ser avaliados com urgência. O objetivo deste estudo se voltou a investigar a percepção das crianças em relação à produção de resíduos sólidos gerados em suas residências. O estudo desenvolveu-se em três escolas municipais da educação infantil no município. Os procedimentos metodológicos se pautaram na adoção de questionários que foram direcionados, com o intuito de diagnosticar a percepção destes estudantes acerca da problemática dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Os resultados mostraram a necessidade de se ampliar os debates sobre a Educação Ambiental e a importância de debater com crianças temas a respeito dos resíduos gerados em seus domicílios e da sustentabilidade ambiental. A execução deste trabalho exigiu a adoção de uma equipe interdisciplinar envolvendo profissionais de ciências ambientais e geografia.
TRANSFORMASI HUKUM HARTA BERSAMA DI INDONESIA MELALUI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG
Authors: , Nurnazli
Published: June 2020

This article tries to elucidate the attempt of The Supreme Court of Indonesia to formulate regulation on the distribution of joint property on the basis of juridical, philosophical, and sociological considerations. How does the Supreme Court realize the legal transformation of the distribution of joint property in Indonesia through the Supreme Court's decisions? Based on the documented data analysis, this paper conclude that the Supreme Court's decisions only have a legal certainty on joint property for the disputing parties. It has a complementary element to the existing law. It will have a legal force by the promulgation through the legislative institution. Therefore, the Supreme Court's ecision can be used as one of the instruments of the renewal of family law in Indonesia.Putusan Mahkamah Agung tentang pembagian harta bersama tidak selalu mengikuti rumusan peraturan perundang-undangan. Teks undang-undang sebagai hukum yang abstrak terkadang tidak dapat diterapkan pada konteks atau kasus tertentu, sehingga hakim melakukan penemuan hukum dengan mempertimbangkan aspek yuridis, filosofis, dan sosiologis. Berdasarkan hal ini maka problem dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah mewujudkan transformasi hukum pembagian harta bersama di Indonesia melalui Putusan Mahkamah Agung? Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Putusan Mahkamah Agung hanya memiliki kekuatan mengikat dan kepastian hukum bagi pihak-pihak yang bersengketa. Putusan Mahkamah Agung pada hakikatnya hanya menyempurnakan Undang-Undang, karena Mahkamah Agung tidak memiliki kewenangan membuat undang-undang. Agar putusan tersebut memiliki kekuatan mengikat  maka harus diundangkan melalui lembaga legislatif. Jadi Putusan Mahkamah Agung yang mengandung unsur kebaruan yang menyesuaikan dengan situasi dan kondisi kekinian, dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu instrumen pembaruan hukum keluarga di Indonesia.
Designing a business model to reduce CO2emissions from construction machinery: Aligning business and environmental objectives
Authors:   IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden, Sanne Jahan , Bjork Anders ,   IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden, Sahlberg Bo ,   IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden, Stripple Hakan ,   IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden
Published: June 2020

The literature on sustainable business models suggests a large potential for radical environmental benefits in many industries based upon current technological opportunities. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge on how to design, implement and spread such business models in complex value chains. Based on a qualitative exploratory study, a concept for sustainable business models to reduce carbon emission when using construction machinery has been developed and measures needed to implement and design such a model within the construction industry is identified. The study is based upon interviews, study visits and a workshop, with participants representing all important actors in the value-chain. In conclusion, business and environmental objectives can be aligned through a result-oriented business model, supported by life-cycle data, contractual incentives, standardised emission measures and driver visualization. The concept is generalisable to the greening of value chains beyond carbon reduction and also to other complex business to business value-chains.
Performance, resources and capabilities of construction organisations: The mediating role of competitive strategies
Authors:   Quantity Surveying Dept., FederalUniversity of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Oyewobi Luqman O. , Windapo Abimbola O. ,   University of Cape Town, South Africa, Jimoh Richard A. ,   Building Dept., Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Rotimi James O. B. ,   School of Built Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
Published: June 2020

This study examines the relationships between competitive strategies, resources/capabilities and organisational performance in construction organisations. The main objective is to establish the mediating role of competitive strategies on the strength of relationship between resources, capabilities and performance of large construction business organisations in South Africa. A survey instrument was administered to Grades 7, 8 and 9 construction organisations listed in the Construction Industry Development Board (cidb) database. 72 usable questionnaires were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlations. The results show that organisational resources and capabilities do not exert a direct impact on performance of construction organisations, but technological resources showed significant relationship, when mediated by competitive strategy. This implies that performance of large construction organisations is contingent upon their competitive strategies and organisational capabilities, for them to achieve performance excellence. Furthermore, differentiation strategy influences an organisations’ financial performance negatively whereas cost-leadership strategy has a positive impact. It provides empirical evidence on the relationship between competitive strategy and organisational resources/capabilities in a new setting.
Anatomical study of quadriceps tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Tanpowpong Thanathep , Tanasansomboon Teerachat , Huanmanop Thanasil , Thamyongkit Sorawut , Jaruprat Peeradon , Inkaratana Tharit
Published: June 2020

Background

The quadriceps tendon is a promising alternative graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Morphology of the graft directly affects the biomechanical properties. However, a few studies are evaluating the anatomical structures of quadriceps tendon as a graft in Asian population.

Objective

To define the anatomical structures of quadriceps tendon as a graft for ACL reconstruction.

Methods

Forty-nine quadriceps tendons were dissected and analyzed. Measurements were also done including length, width, and thickness.

Results

The maximum length of superficial quadriceps tendon was 63.2 ± 12.5 mm (range 37.6–83.4). The maximum length of tendon at the deepest part was 57.2 ± 11.5 (range 30.9–83.4). The maximum length of quadriceps tendon was located at 61.4% ± 13% (range 31.8–83.6) from medial edge of the patella insertion (approximately 5 mm lateral from the center of quadriceps tendon insertion). The width of quadriceps tendon at patella insertion was 42.4 ± 3.8 mm (range 33.8–50.5). The thickness of quadriceps tendon at its maximum length on patella insertion was 6.9 ± 2.0 mm (range 1.5–9.5). Positive correlation between the height of cadaver and the maximum length of quadriceps tendon was noted.

Conclusions

The maximum length of quadriceps tendon was located 5 mm lateral from the center of quadriceps tendon insertion. Thus, we recommend marking midline of the quadriceps tendon insertion as a medial border of the harvested graft to get maximum length of the graft. Graft length measurement using superficial anatomy should be cautioned because graft shortening might occur.
Style et idéologie. De la version longue à la version brève de la Vie de Jean l’Aumônier, due à Léonce de Néapolis
Authors: Cavallero Pablo
Published: June 2020

The changes in the short version of Leontios of Neapolis’ Life of John the Almsgiver are analyzed in order to evaluate their cause and to expose their literary character. It is shown that the saint’s oaths are suppressed due to a misunderstanding of a passage in the Prologue, and by respect of the Evangelical commandment. The short version also eliminates pagan concepts of fortune, emphasises the social hierarchy, the accordance between words and thoughts, the action of God as a cause of miracles, and avoids to name God as a reason. The short version raises the stylistical level of the text using the methods of the Metaphrast which is common in the 10th century. The textual tradition also allows to date it into this century. The long version is surely the original text, and the changes made to it show a cultural change between the 7th and 10th centuries.
Analysis of some pharmaceuticals in the presence of their synthetic impurities by applying hybrid micelle liquid chromatography
Authors: El Sherbiny Dina , Wahba Mary E. K.
Published: June 2020

A stability-indicating hybrid micelle liquid chromatography accompanied by UV detection was developed for the simultaneous analysis of either paracetamol (PCA) or pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSU) with their synthetic impurities. Mixture I contains PCA withp-amino phenol andp-nitro phenol, while mixture II involves the estimation of PSU with benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Both mixtures were separated using a C18 column that was thermostatically maintained at 40°C and operating under a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, applying UV detection at 240 nm for mixture I and 220 nm for mixture II. In both cases, the mobile phase consisted of 0.1 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, acetonitrile, and triethylamine (90:10:0.3, v/v/v) and adjusted to pH 4 (mixture I) or pH 3.7 (mixture II) using 2.0 MO-phosphoric acid. The proposed method was validated and successfully applied to assay different pharmaceuticals containing PCA or PSU. Moreover, the stability-indicating nature of the proposed method was proved through applying photolytic degradation procedures for PCA.
Effects of organic fertilizer on water use, photosynthetic characteristics, and fruit quality of pear jujube in northern Shaanxi
Authors: Ye Shenglan , Liu Tiancheng , Niu Yan
Published: June 2020

This experiment is based on the 7-year-old dwarf and densely planted pear jujube in northern Shaanxi. The effects of applying organic fertilizer on water use, photosynthetic characteristics, and fruit quality of pear jujube are studied. The test has been carried out for two consecutive years. The results showed that fertilization treatments could promote soil moisture retention and utilization. Compared with the control (CK) in 2011, the average soil water content (SWC) of soybean cake fertilizer (SC) and sheep manure (SM) increased by 3.69 and 3.18 percentage points, respectively. The effect of SC on chlorophyll content was most significant. Fertilization can effectively improve the canopy structure of pear jujube. The transmittance of SC and SM decreased by 20.20% and 17.38%, respectively, in 2012. The gap scores were opposite to the leaf area index (LAI). Continuous application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of pear jujube. The instantaneous water use efficiency of chemical fertilizer (CF), SC, SM, and biogas fertilizer (BM) increased by 0.44, 1.33, 0.96, and 0.61 percentage points, respectively. Organic fertilizer effectively increased the fruit setting rate, yield, and quality of fruits. After fertilization for two consecutive years, the quality of pear jujube fruit improved significantly. It indicated that long-term fertilization could effectively promote the growth and development, increase yield, and significantly improve the fruit quality of pear jujube in the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi. The effect of soybean cake fertilizer was the most significant.
The effect of nitrite food preservatives added to se’i meat on the expression of wild-type p53 protein
Authors: Adu Apris A. , Ketut Sudiana I. , Martini Santi
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted using beef extracted from Kupang (se’i meat), Indonesia. Se’i meat is a locally found food where the preferred mode of preparation is smoking the beef with the preservation using nitrites. Nitrite can cause health-related problems such as cancer. This research was carried out using a true experimental method with a complete randomized design with the aim of analyzing the effect of meat administration on the expression of wild-type p53 protein in colon cells of Balb/c mice as an indicator of carcinogenesis. The measurement of p53 is to observe the increase in the-over-capacity of p53 expression in the colon cell as a result of decrease in wild-type protein p53. This research provides scientific information about the effect of giving se’i meat on the expression of wild-type p53 in cells of Balb/c mice as an indicator of carcinogenesis. A total of 36 male mice of Balb/c strain weighing 23.8 g were divided into four groups classified as samples (P1, P2 and P3) and control (K), which were taken from modern and home industries in the city of Kupang. The results showed that consumption of nitrite-preserved beef se’i (traditional smoked meat) increased the p53 protein expression in colon cells of Balb/c strain male mice, and the least significant difference test also showed that there were differences in wild-type p53 protein expression among the four groups: P1 (mice that have been given the standard food, drinking water and se’i meat that contains no nitrite) has an average of 142 expressions, which is higher than that of P3 (mice that have been given the standard food, drinking water and se’i meat containing nitrite which come from the home industry) which has an average of 106.55 expressions and is higher than that of K (mice that have been given the standard food and drinking water) which has the total average of expression of about 78.11 expressions. The benefit of this research is to gain the scientific information about the effect of giving smoked meat on the expression of wild-type p53 in colon cells of Balb/c mice as a carcinogenic indicator.
An Investigation on the Performance of an Oxidation Catalyst Using Two-dimensional Simulation with Detailed Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Nair Sreeharsh , Mittal Mayank
Published: June 2020

The advent of stricter emission standards has increased the importance of aftertreatment devices and the role of numerical simulations in the evolution of better catalytic converters in order to satisfy these emission regulations. In this paper, a 2-D numerical simulation of a single channel of the monolith catalytic converter is presented by using detailed surface reaction kinetics aiming to investigate the chemical behaviour inside the converter. The model has been developed to study the conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of propene (C3H6) for low-temperature combustion (LTC) engine application. The inhibition effect of C3H6 over a wide range of CO inlet concentrations is investigated. Considering both low and high levels of CO concentration at the inlet, the 2-D model predicted better results than their corresponding 1-D counterparts when compared with the experimental data from literature. It was also observed that C3H6 inhibition at high temperatures was significant, particularly for high concentrations of CO compared to low concentrations of CO at the inlet.
Continuation of security rights in movable assets in conflict of laws – Austrian approach reconsidered
Authors: Heindler Florian
Published: June 2020

In decision no. 3 Ob 249/18s

OGH [2019] 3 Ob 249/18s.

the Austrian Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof, OGH) acknowledged a security right in a movable asset acquired abroad, although publicity requirements under Austrian law have not been observed before and after the movable asset crossed the Austrian border. Consequently, only the law of the country in which the movable asset is located upon the completion of the acquisition or loss shall be applicable to the acquisition or loss of a right in rem. Whether the transaction has been completed or not, is determined by the lex causae. No subsequent change in the applicable law occurs in relation to this question.

The decision is analysed in this paper in the context of the former jurisprudence of the Austrian Supreme Court, which has been overturned by the present decision, and the positions published to date in legal literature. In addition, this paper provides an overview including aspects relating to EU law, the debate regarding overriding mandatory rules and fraus legis.
Contact-induced change in Surgut Khanty relative clauses
Authors: Dékány Éva , Gugán Katalin , Tánczos Orsolya
Published: June 2020

This paper inquires into the structure of newly emerging relative clauses (RCs) in the Surgut dialect of Khanty, an endangered Finno-Ugric language of Western Siberia. The original externally headed RCs in this language are prenominal, with a participial verb form and a gap at the relativization site. More recently new types have been observed as well: post-nominal participles with and withoutťu(a morpheme that looks identical to the distal demonstrative ‘that’) as well as postnominal finite RCs with a relative pronoun. These types have emerged as a result of extensive language contact with Russian, the socially dominant language of the area. The paper provides the first detailed description and analysis of the new Surgut Khanty RC types, exploring their syntactic structure as well as the extent to which language contact has shaped these structures.
Copula functions in a cross-Sinitic perspective
Authors: Jin Dawei
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the distinct functions associated with the copula morpheme and their distribution across Sinitic languages. Based on fieldwork on five Sinitic languages, an empirical generalization will be presented regarding the scope and variation of copular multifunctionality. Specifically, language-specific variation is witnessed in topic and conditional marking as well as verum marking. Conversely, it is found that Sinitic languages converge on employing the copula in constructions expressing phrasal and clausal level focus. The paper further explores whether these copular constructions should receive a uniform syntax, or should be conceived of as having a set of underlaid heterogeneous structures.
Demonstratives as spatial deictics or something more? Evidence from Common Estonian and Võro
Authors: Reile Maria , Plado Helen , Gudde Harmen B. , Coventry Kenny R.
Published: June 2020

There is debate regarding the extent to which egocentric distance versus a more interactional approach underpin the use of spatial demonstratives across languages. This study experimentally tested the influence of object distance from a speaker and two dynamic speech-situation related parameters – position of an interlocutor, and the one who placed the object referred to – on adnominal demonstrative pronoun choice in two very close kindred languages: Estonian and Võro. These languages are spoken in the same geographical region and are closely related yet have different demonstrative systems. Our results confirmed the influence of egocentric distance on the choice of adnominal demonstrative pronouns in both languages, but the influence of two more interactional factors was found only in Võro. These results highlight the importance of egocentric distance underlying the use of demonstratives in a spatial context but also show that languages that are even closely related vary in the extent to which additional parameters affect dedmonstrative choice.
The effectiveness of military physical exercise on irisin concentrations and oxidative stress among male healthy volunteers
Authors: Jawzal Kazheen Hussein , Alkass Suad Yousif , Hassan Alan Bapeer , Abdulah Deldar Morad
Published: June 2020

Background

Irisin, a newly discovered hormone, is secreted into the circulation from skeletal muscles in response to physical exercise. The biochemical parameters related to irisin secretion have not been sufficiently investigated yet. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of exercise on the level of irisin and its correlation with biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.

Materials and methods

In this pre- and post-test observational study, 39 healthy male volunteers from a military training setting were followed up on between September and November 2015. The individuals who were included in this study were between 22 and 27 years old with an average age of 24. Those with inflammatory disorders or chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. The parameters were measured at the baseline, at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks of intervention.

Results

The study found that the systolic and diastolic blood pressures substantially decreased after 8 weeks of intervention. The cholesterol-to-HDL ratio and glucose levels were significantly higher at the baseline compared to 8 weeks. Total protein and albumin were significantly higher following 4 weeks (0.25 and 0.21 g/dL) and 8 weeks (0.32 and 0.16 g/dL), respectively. Meanwhile, total globulin and irisin increased following 8 weeks of the intervention by only 0.16 g/dL and 0.41 μg/mL, respectively. The high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) decreased following 8 weeks (−0.81 μg/mL). The protein carbonyl (PC) decreased following 4 weeks by only 0.34 nmol/L.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that military training enhanced irisin hormone secretion following 8 weeks of military exercise.
Physical fitness and its association with overweight among early adolescents in Puducherry, Southern India
Authors: Jeevitha Dagani , Olickal Jeby Jose , Ulaganeethi Revathi , Singh Aakanksha , Ramesh Ronur Srikantasastri , Chinnakali Palanivel
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Physical fitness is an important indicator of health and longevity. This can reduce morbidity and mortality of Non-communicable diseases. We aimed to assess the physical fitness among early adolescents and its association with age, gender and obesity.

Methods

We conducted a cross sectional analytical study in a public school in Puducherry, south India among early adolescents (aged 10–14 years). We assessed the physical fitness components like body composition (body mass index, waist circumference), muscular strength and endurance (hand grip test, curl up test), flexibility (sit and reach test, shoulder stretch test), agility (shuttle run test) and cardio respiratory and endurance (600-yard run test).

Results

A total of 263 children were included; 141 (54%) were girls. 30 children (11%) were thin and 57 (22%) were either obese or overweight. Overall, median (IQR) right- and left-hand grip strength was 10 (6–14) and 13 (7–18) unit of kg respectively. Median (IQR) curl-ups performed in a minute were 14 (10–20). About 13% of children failed to perform left shoulder stretch. Children aged 12–14 years had higher median (IQR) right hand grip strength [14.5 (12–22) unit of kg] compared to children aged 10 and 11 years [6 (4–12) unit of kg] and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The performance was similar in all tests between boys and girls except for left hand grip strength; boys had higher grip strength compared to girls (p=0.02). In girls, children who belonged to thinner BMI category performed better than obese children in shuttle run test (p=0.03).

Conclusion

There was a significant difference in physical fitness based on age except in left and right shoulder stretch test. Since the prevalence of overweight/obesity was high in adolescents, creating awareness and enabling environment related to the physical fitness is important.
Sleep disturbance and depression in adolescence: an integrative review of literature
Authors: Tolêdo Janaína M. G. F. , Batista Jessica Fernanda de Oliveira Lima , Lyra Maria Carlla A. , Júnior Marco Aurélio de V. C. , Santos Marcos André M. dos , Heimer Mônica V.
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the association between sleep disorders and depression in adolescents, PubMed/MedLine, SciELO and Lilacs databases were consulted, with an interval of 7 years (2013–2019), in English, Portuguese and Spanish. An integrative review was carried out where after analyzing the inclusion criteria, 616 articles were selected for reading titles and abstracts and 94 of these were selected for full reading. After the full reading, 15 articles were elected to be part of this review. Results show that both sleep disorders are risk factors for depression, as depression can be a risk factor for sleep disorders. Insomnia was the most frequent sleep disorder in adolescence, besides being considered a public health problem. It is concluded that sleep disorders and depressive symptoms are associated and present with great frequency in the adolescent public.
Perspectives of adolescents regarding the sexual and reproductive health self-care: a theory-based qualitative research
Authors: Havaei Marjan , Saeieh Sara Esmaelzadeh , Salehi Leili
Published: June 2020

Objectives

It is widely accepted that sexual and reproductive health in adolescents are among the health priorities in the world that affects health aspects and the formation of beliefs and socioeconomic development in the community. However, achieving goals related to sexual and reproductive health is not possible without awareness and participation of the adolescents. On the other hand, proper knowledge about such issues can prevent many problems in this regard.

Methods

This qualitative study was carried out for one month in schools of Alborz University of Medical Sciences using content analysis. Data were collected from semi-structured, individual and in-depth interviews with female students. In addition, data analysis was performed using guided qualitative content analysis (theory-based).

Results

Analysis of the data led to the extraction of 11 primary codes classified in six categories of protection motivation constructs (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, response efficiency, response cost, self-efficacy, and internal rewards) and two additional categories (communications and social contexts).

Conclusion

All interviewees found themselves exposed to sexually transmitted diseases and emphasized sexual self-care even though the majority of these individuals had inadequate self-efficacy.
Emperors’ Nicknames and Roman Political Humour
Authors: Makhlaiuk Alexander V.
Published: June 2020

The article examines unofficial imperial nicknames, sobriquets and appellatives, from Octavian Augustus to Julian the Apostate, in the light of traditions of Roman political humour, and argues that in the political field during the Principate there were two co-existing competing modes of emperors’ naming: along with an official one, politically loyal, formalised and institutionally legitimised, there existed another – unofficial, sometimes oppositional and even hostile towards individual emperors, frequently licentious, humorously coloured and, in this regard, deeply rooted in Roman Republican traditions of political humour. Many of the known imperial nicknames and appellatives belong to a specific kind of folklore and express popular public opinion. They survived for us because of ancient authors’ interest in using such material for their literary and ideological intentions, particularly to express better the individual characteristics of the historical personages. But, for the very same purposes, Greek and Roman writers could invent some names and sobriquets, following special rhetorical and moralising principles, or mere love of ridicule. All in all, most imperial nicknames, both authentic and made-up, reveal a rather good quality of humour and mockery constructed by expressive linguistic devices and various rhetorical tropes. An apt derisive nickname marked anti-values, mocked the ruler’s badness and could vilify his reputation to the extreme, stigmatise his personality, or else become a widely-used quasi-cognomen. Many nicknames and appellatives were of ephemeral,ad hocnature, their sense and effect largely dependent on the particular context; but, taken as a whole, they demonstrate the possible scope of and common trends in naming practice. The political system of the Principate and its very atmosphere of hypocrisy did promote double meaning and double thinking reflected in the double system of the rulers’ nomenclature. Imperial nicknames were a counter-hegemonic transcript and a weapon in the struggle for symbolic capital. All the efforts which many emperors took to control theirnominawere ultimately powerless against the strength of the inevitable humorous counter-naming by the ruled.
Il ruolo di Galeria Valeria nelle dinamiche della politica tetrarchica
Authors: Casella Marilena
Published: June 2020

Riassunto

Il lavoro si incentra sulla figura di Galeria Valeria, figlia di Diocleziano e moglie di Galerio. Un’attenzione particolare è stata riservata a Galeria come moglie e madre: l’analisi si sofferma sulla notizia del retore Lattanzio inerente alla sterilità di Galeria Valeria e alla conseguente adozione di un figlio, Candidiano, che Galerio avrebbe avuto dall’unione con una concubina, aprendo un ampioexcursussu problematiche di carattere giuridico quali l’adoptio/adrogatio, la legittimazione, iliustum matrimoniume il concubinato. Si cerca poi di affrontare la complessa questione riguardante l’adesione o meno da parte della donna al cristianesimo, anche mediante l’analisi comparativa del testo lattanziano con un passo rabbinico. Al fine di far luce sull’individualità e sulla regalità della donna si è poi proceduto all’analisi delle iconografie presenti sulrectodelle monete con effigiato il ritratto dell’Augusta. Lo studio di una serie di epigrafi, selezionate in quanto attestanti il titolo dimater castrorum, ha consentito di rinvenire le nobili virtù dell’Augusta connotata comesacratissima /θιοτάτη,piissima /σεβαστή / εὐσεβεστάτη. L’ultima parte del lavoro è dedicata alla sorte di Galeria vedova esule senza fissa dimora prima, e poi destinata ad una fine atroce, per lasciare quindi spazio a riflessioni nuovamente sul rapporto Galeria Valeria – Candidiano, e concludere con la ‘Valeria’, quella provincia della Pannonia Inferiore così denominata da Galerio in onore della moglie.
Gelehrte, Generäle und Glücksritter auf den Spuren Alexanders des Großen – Antike Rezeptionsgeschichte, Reiseliteratur und die ‚north-west frontier‘ Britisch-Indiens im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Schliephake Christopher
Published: June 2020

Mein Aufsatz behandelt britische Reisende und Entdecker entlang der britischen Nordwest-‚frontier‘ Indiens von der napoleonischen Zeit bis zum zwanzigsten Jahrhundert. Er untersucht, wie britische Offiziere, Geographen, Archäologen und einfache Abenteurer das Motiv, in Alexanders ‚Fußstapfen‘ oder ‚Spuren‘ zu reisen, aufgegriffen haben. Die Quellengrundlage der Arbeit bilden Reiseberichte, ein literarisches Genre, das sich während der Blütezeit des britischen Empires großer Popularität erfreute. Obgleich diese Reiseberichte im ,langen 19. Jahrhundert‘ von unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen und historischen Kontexten geprägt waren und sich der Charakter der Reisen und Reisenden unterschied, blieb das Reisen in den ‚Fußstapfen‘ oder ‚Spuren‘ Alexanders durchgängig ein zentraler literarischer Topos. Bei aller Heterogenität der Textquellen zeigt die vorgelegte Analyse, dass die kulturelle Erinnerung an Alexander den Großen ein zentrales diskursives Instrument war, um die historische ‚Mission‘ Großbritanniens in Zentralasien zu interpretieren und eine symbolische Projektionsfläche zu bieten, die einen Austausch zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, zwischen Briten und Indigenen eröffnete. Auf dieser Grundlage arbeitet der Aufsatz die für die Antikenrezeption in Reiseberichten prägenden Modi heraus, die geographische, selbstrepräsentative, kulturelle sowie identitätsstiftende Aspekte umfasste.
Tip-enhanced photoluminescence nano-spectroscopy and nano-imaging
Authors: Lee Hyeongwoo , Lee Dong Yun , Kang Min Gu , Koo Yeonjeong , Kim Taehyun , Park Kyoung-Duck
Published: June 2020

Photoluminescence (PL), a photo-excited spontaneous emission process, provides a wealth of optical and electronic properties of materials, which enable microscopic and spectroscopic imaging, biomedical sensing and diagnosis, and a range of photonic device applications. However, conventional far-field PL measurements have limitations in sensitivity and spatial resolution, especially to investigate single nano-materials or nano-scale dimension of them. In contrast, tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) nano-spectroscopy provides an extremely high sensitivity with <10 nm spatial resolution, which allows the desired nano-scale characterizations. With outstanding and unique optical properties, low-dimensional quantum materials have recently attracted much attention, and TEPL characterizations, i. e., probing and imaging, and even control at the nano-scale, have been extensively studied. In this review, we discuss the fundamental working mechanism of PL enhancement by plasmonic tip, and then highlight recent advances in TEPL studies for low-dimensional quantum materials. Finally, we discuss several remaining challenges of TEPL nano-spectroscopy and nano-imaging, such as implementation in non-ambient media and in situ environments, limitations in sample structure, and control of near-field polarization, with perspectives of the approach and its applications.
Exploitation influence on compressible polyurethane flexographic sleeve properties
Authors: Petrović Saša , Kašiković Nemanja , Novaković Dragoljub , Pavlović Živko , Bošnjaković Gordana , Spiridonov Iskren
Published: June 2020

Flexographic sleeves are made using various materials, including a sub-group with extremely durable polyurethane foam shock-absorbing layer. During exploitation, the sleeves are exposed to cyclic dynamic loading, and the flexographic printing process is highly sensitive to the changes in pressure. Deformation of printing elements occurs due to the almost two times higher residual strain of the exploited sleeves. Changes in the residual strain induce occurrence of the hysteresis losses, which lead to heat generation. The forces impacting the material are not strong enough to induce permanent deformation in the microstructure. Therefore, the leading cause of the change lies in the molecular structure of the parent polymer of the polyurethane foam cell walls, whose resilience is declining. The thickness of the exploited sleeves tends to be around 8 % lesser. In addition to high-frequency cyclic loads during printing, the adhesive layer of self-adhesive sleeves undergoes reduction in the share of acrylates, phthalates and rosin, thereby reducing the adhesive strength and the force needed to initiate the de-adhesion by half. The knowledge of mechanisms of change in certain characteristics of the sleeves enables predicting their service life and increasing the stability of the printing process through possible corrections of other process parameters.
Biodegradable polymers: Why, what, how?
Authors: Pavlath Attila E.
Published: June 2020

Polymer production and use is an enormous industrial concern, with a few commodity polymers constituting a large portion of the market. The degradation of these traditional polymers is extraordinarily slow, and thus a large effort has been made to produce biodegradable polymers on an industrial scale. A survey of the advantages and challenges of such novel materials are presented.
High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool
Authors: Labban Ranyah Shaker M. , Alfawaz Hanan , Almnaizel Ahmed T. , Hassan Wail M. , Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Moubayed Nadine MS , Bjørklund Geir , El-Ansary Afaf
Published: June 2020

Obesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.
Enlil, Isaiah, and the Origins of the‌ʾ‌ĕlîlîm: A Reassessment
Authors: Hays Christopher B.
Published: June 2020

The characteristically Isaianic term אליל for other gods does not have its roots in an earlier Semitic adjective, as has often been thought. Rather, it was adopted from Akkadian Illil/Enlil into Hebrew because it reflected the rhetoric of Neo-Assyrian rulers. As in Akkadian, it was used in an extended sense to refer to major divinities; and it was retained in the Isaianic tradition presumably because it was a useful term for »false gods«—readily comprehensible even as a new coinage, yet distinct from the terms used for Yhwh. As anti-idol polemics became increasingly prominent and vicious, the latest Isaianic tradents avoided אליל, preferring more overt terms for idols. Eventually, it came to be reanalyzed as an adjective and used as a mere insult: »worthless«.
Jeroboam II’s Temples
Authors: Finkelstein Israel
Published: June 2020

In this article I deal with the geographical pattern of the North Israelite temples during the first half of the 8th century BCE. The Israelite temples can be divided into two groups: 1) Those located in the heartland of the kingdom, at least some of which celebrated important traditions of the North. 2) Those located on the borders of the kingdom according to its ideology, that the two Hebrew kingdoms should be ruled by a (North) Israelite king. I then review two themes in which the system of Northern temples could have influenced the cult of late-monarchic Judah.
כסתות, מספחות and נפשות (Ezek 13:17–23)
Authors: Kim Daewook
Published: June 2020

The expression נפשות in Ezekiel 13 refers to two different meanings: (living) human beings and the spirits of the dead. The words כסתות and מספחות seem to refer to the paraphernalia involved in the women’s practice of necromancy and in the fall of the people, respectively. The expression נפשות is employed as antanaclasis to establish a conceptual connection between necromancy and ruin.
Intensification and optimization of the process for thyme oil in water nanoemulsions preparation using subcritical water and xanthan gum
Authors: Ahmadi Omid , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: June 2020

Intensified process based on subcritical water conditions (120 °C and 1.5 atm, for 2 h) was utilized to prepare thyme oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions. In this technique, water and xanthan gum, as green solvent and natural microbial emulsifier, were utilized. Results of gas chromatography revealed that Thymol and Carvacrol were two main bioactive compounds of the extracted thyme oil. Effects of amounts of xanthan gum (0.05–0.25 g) and thyme essential oil (0.2–0.8 mL) on size of oil nanodroplets and polydispersity index (PDI) of the resulted nanoemulsions were evaluated using response surface methodology. Results demonstrated that the produced thyme O/W nanoemulsion by 0.242 mL thyme oil and 0.140 g xanthan gum had smallest average nanodroplet size (150 nm) and PDI (0.088). Furthermore, monodispersed and spherical in shape thyme oil nanodroplets were provided in the nanoemulsion using these optimal conditions with zeta potential value of −10.1 mV and antioxidant activity of 17.4%. Results also indicated that this prepared nanoemulsion had high fungicidal and bactericidal activities toward Penicillium digitatum and Escherichia coli, respectively.
Masters, Apprentices, and Kidnappers
Authors: Magliari Michael F.
Published: June 2020

Although it was admitted to the Union as a free state in 1850, labor-starved gold-rush California permitted employers to bind Native Americans as unfree leased convicts, minor custodial wards, debt peons, and, between 1860 and 1863, indentured servants or “apprentices.” As a key component of California's elaborate system of unfree Native American labor, Indian apprenticeship flourished for three years until its abolition during the Civil War in the wake of the Emancipation Proclamation. Little remembered today, much remains obscure regarding the essential details of Indian apprenticeship and the illegal slave trade that emerged to supply the considerable market demand for bound labor. This essay focuses on Humboldt County in northwestern California, where significant numbers of white residents made extensive use of Native American apprentices at the same time that many of their neighbors demanded—and began carrying out—the forced removal and outright extermination of local Indian peoples. Building on valuable data that the anthropologist Robert Heizer extracted in 1971 from the unique but now missing cache of over a hundred surviving indentures discovered in 1915 by the historian Owen C. Coy, this study offers two detailed group profiles of Humboldt County's white employers and their legally bound Native American workers. These collective portraits reveal the social, economic, and demographic compositions of frontier California's master and servant classes while simultaneously tracing both the rise and the fall of Indian apprenticeship within the violent racial context of Humboldt County during the gold rush and the Civil War.
Toward a Spatial Measure of Twenty-First-Century Developmental State Capacity
Authors: Bohrt Marcelo A. , Graizbord Diana , Heller Patrick
Published: June 2020

Building on existing efforts to theorize and measure state capacity, this paper proposes a spatial measure of equity promotion: developmental state capacity (DSC). We operationalize DSC as the spatial distribution and density of capability-enhancing infrastructure in a given territorial unit. Specifically, we develop a composite index of four types of local basic infrastructure: primary schools, community clinics, piped potable water, and electricity. Unlike territorial approaches or population-based development indicators, this index allows researchers to better understand and evaluate the state's role in human development by visualizing and examining the patterned spatial distribution and density of DSC. We illustrate the advantages of the measure through a case study of Johannesburg, South Africa. Using a unique data set, we calculate DSC index scores for over 600 administrative units. We then map the spatial distribution of DSC, identifying spatial clusters, and quantitatively and qualitatively explore the influence of demographic and political factors on its distribution. We conclude with directions for future research uses of the DSC index.
Escherichia coli with a Tunable Point Mutation Rate for Evolution Experiments
Authors: Sherer Nicholas A , Kuhlman Thomas E
Published: June 2020

The mutation rate and mutations’ effects on fitness are crucial to evolution. Mutation rates are under selection due to linkage between mutation rate modifiers and mutations’ effects on fitness. The linkage between a higher mutation rate and more beneficial mutations selects for higher mutation rates, while the linkage between a higher mutation rate and more deleterious mutations selects for lower mutation rates. The net direction of selection on mutations rates depends on the fitness landscape, and a great deal of work has elucidated the fitness landscapes of mutations. However, tests of the effect of varying a mutation rate on evolution in a single organism in a single environment have been difficult. This has been studied using strains of antimutators and mutators, but these strains may differ in additional ways and typically do not allow for continuous variation of the mutation rate. To help investigate the effects of the mutation rate on evolution, we have genetically engineered a strain of Escherichia coli with a point mutation rate that can be smoothly varied over two orders of magnitude. We did this by engineering a strain with inducible control of the mismatch repair proteins MutH and MutL. We used this strain in an approximately 350 generation evolution experiment with controlled variation of the mutation rate. We confirmed the construct and the mutation rate were stable over this time. Sequencing evolved strains revealed a higher number of single nucleotide polymorphisms at higher mutations rates, likely due to either the beneficial effects of these mutations or their linkage to beneficial mutations.
Nominations of berries in the dialects of the Khanty language
Authors: Lelkhova Fedosia M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The article describes the names of berries and berry bushes in the dialects of the Khanty language. The aim of the paper is to systematize and describe the semantics of this lexical and semantic group of words and to identify dialectal features.
Materials and Methods. The study is mainly based on the fieldwork materials collected by the author during the expeditions to the places of compact residence of the Synsky Khanty, as well as the materials from lexicographic sources. The main research methods are descriptive, component analysis, and elements of comparative method.
Research and Discussion. In Khanty linguistics there is no research on the nomination of the plans, only a few random works. In the Khanty language there is a developed dialect synonymy with several names used to refer to the same plant. For the first time this research gives some names of berries, specifies translation, identifiesa and describes sacred names of berries.
Conclusion. The presented material of this lexical and semantic group shows the richness and vastness of the vocabulary of the plants, which relates to the economic and cultural life of the taiga people, allows a better understanding of their linguistics.