bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Praziquantel is an effective drug for the treatment of Schistosoma Mansoni infection among school-aged children in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfie Addisu , Getnet Gebeyaw , Abere Aberham , Yihenew Gebeyehu , Belete Yerega , Kassa Melkayehu , Gize Addisu
Published: April 2020

Background

The appropriate drug for the treatment of schistosomiasis is praziquantel. However, low cure rate and existence of drug resistance both in vivo and in vitro were reported in different endemic areas. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of praziquantel for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) treatment.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanja General Primary School, North Gondar Zone, Amhara region, Northwest of Ethiopia, from March to April, 2017. A total of 245 participants were selected using systematic random sampling. A stool specimen was collected from each participant and examined for S. mansoni ova load count using Kato–Katz technique. Two hundred four infected participants were treated with a single oral dose of praziquantel 40 mg/kg. Four weeks later post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from 176 study participants. The samples were collected using similar procedures like the pre-treatment phase to see egg reduction and cure status. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Pearson chi-square (χ2) was used to determine the association of effectiveness of the drug with the average egg count, age group, and sex. P value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 83.3% (204/245) with geometric mean egg count of 357.8. In those not cured post-treatment, the prevalence and egg per gram in geometric mean egg count were 13.1% and 77.6 respectively.

After 4 weeks of administration of praziquantel, the cure rate was 86.9% with egg reduction rate of 78.3%. Effectiveness of the drug was not statistically associated with sex, age group, and pre-treatment intensity of infection.

Conclusion

S. mansoni prevalence was high. Praziquantel is an effective drug for the treatment of S. mansoni. This high prevalence of S. mansoni requires mass drug administration of praziquantel.
Poisson-noise weighted filter for time-of-flight positron emission tomography
Authors: Zeng Gengsheng L. , Lv Li , Huang Qiu
Published: April 2020

Image reconstruction for list-mode time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) can be achieved by analytic algorithms. The backprojection filtering (BPF) algorithm is an efficient algorithm for this task. The conventional noise control method for analytic image reconstruction is the use of a stationary lowpass filter, which does not model the Poisson noise properly. This study proposes a nonstationary filter for Poisson noise control. The filter is implemented in the spatial domain in a form similar to convolution.
The Globalization of Geriatric Oncology: From Data to Practice
Authors: Kanesvaran Ravindran , Mohile Supriya , Soto-Perez-de-Celis Enrique , Singh Harpreet
Published: April 2020

Older adults with cancer are a unique group of patients who require specialized care and treatment. The field of geriatric oncology (GO) was born more than 3 decades ago to address the needs of this growing group of patients. Some challenges in the GO field include establishing a GO clinical service, educating and training personnel, and conducting research in GO. These issues are addressed to varying extents with global initiatives in GO, which are largely dependent on the socioeconomic status of the countries involved. To overcome disparities seen globally, scientific journals that reach an international cancer audience should publish content related to improving care of older adults with cancer around the world, develop an organizational structure that encourages global dissemination of GO knowledge, and advance reporting policies that encourage higher-quality reporting of data relevant to older adults with cancer worldwide. A number of international scientific journals have risen to the occasion to address these disparities. A key battle in enabling access of this vulnerable group of patients to clinical trials is now being fought and won on the global front with numerous regulatory initiatives. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncology Center of Excellence (OCE) recently issued draft guidance on the inclusion of older adults in cancer clinical trials. This and other global initiatives led by the FDA have the potential to further improve the evidence base for older adults with cancer.
Medical Decision-Making in Oncology for Patients Lacking Capacity
Authors: Marron Jonathan M. , Kyi Kaitlin , Appelbaum Paul S. , Magnuson Allison
Published: April 2020

Modern oncology practice is built upon the idea that a patient with cancer has the legal and ethical right to make decisions about their medical care. There are situations in which patients might no longer be fully able to make decisions on their own behalf, however, and some patients never were able to do so. In such cases, it is critical to be aware of how to determine if a patient has the ability to make medical decisions and what should be done if they do not. In this article, we examine the concept of decision-making capacity in oncology and explore situations in which patients may have altered/diminished capacity (e.g., depression, cognitive impairment, delirium, brain tumor, brain metastases, etc.) or never had decisional capacity (e.g., minor children or developmentally disabled adults). We describe fundamental principles to consider when caring for a patient with cancer who lacks decisional capacity. We then introduce strategies for capacity assessment and discuss how clinicians might navigate scenarios in which their patients could lack capacity to make decisions about their cancer care. Finally, we explore ways in which pediatric and medical oncology can learn from one another with regard to these challenging situations.
Application of panoramic radiography with a multilayer imaging program for detecting proximal caries: a preliminary clinical study
Authors: Jeon Kug Jin , Han Sang-Sun , Lee Chena , Choi Yoon Joo , Jung Hoi In , Kim Young Hyun
Published: April 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study is to introduce a novel program of panoramic radiography that shows 41 multilayer images from the buccal to lingual aspects in a region of interest, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this program for detecting proximal caries.

Methods:

In total, 480 premolars and molars on 30 panoramic radiographs taken with the multilayer imaging program were included in this study. The presence or absence of caries in 960 proximal surfaces was assessed by three experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists as a consensus-based gold-standard. Two general dentists evaluated and scored proximal caries on 980 surfaces on panoramic radiographs with and without the multilayer imaging program. The two general dentists’ scores were compared with the gold-standard, and were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with and without using the program. The area under the ROC curve was analyzed using STATA/SE 13.1.

Results:

When the multilayer imaging program was used for panoramic radiography, the inter- and intraobserver agreement of the two general dentists improved. All values, including the area under the ROC curve, were higher when the multilayer imaging program was used than when it was not used. The area under the ROC curve showed a statistically significant improvement only in Observer 1, whose diagnostic ability was poorer than that of Observer 2.

Conclusions:o

This multilayer imaging program might help the inexperienced dentist to improve the diagnostic accuracy of proximal caries. If further studies would be performed in various clinical application, it could be useful when intraoral radiography taking is difficult for reasons such as mouth-opening limitations and the gag reflex of the patients.
Awareness and Attitude of Undergraduate Medical Students towards 2019-novel Corona virus
Authors: Ikhaq Azal , Bint E Riaz Hunniya , Bashir Imtiaz , Ijaz Farhat
Published: April 2020

Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness and attitudes of medical students towards recently discovered coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).

Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on medical students in CMH Lahore Medical College,(LMC), Institute of Dentistry (IOD). A questionnaire containing demographic information, 14 knowledge and eight attitude items was completed by 384 participants.

Results: Overall, >90% people were aware about the etiology, mode of transmission and possible symptoms; however, very few of them knew about the in-depth details. Knowledge score revealed that 80% of participants had sufficient knowledge about coronavirus. MBBS students and nursing Students had significantly better knowledge in comparison with other students. In terms of attitude, >80% of students showed positive attitudes among which the nursing students were dominant.

Conclusion: The medical students of CMH LMC showed a satisfactory level of awareness and attitudes towards COVID-19 with an obvious difference with regard to disciplines. More educational efforts with periodic educational interventions are still needed about the current pandemic.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2636

How to cite this:Ikhlaq A, Bint-e-Riaz H, Bashir I, Ijaz F. Awareness and Attitude of Undergraduate Medical Students towards 2019-novel Corona virus. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S32-S36. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2636

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adult Mental Health
Authors: Haider Imran Ijaz , Tiwana Farah , Tahir Sania Mumtaz
Published: April 2020

The outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in December 2019 has progressed to the status of a global pandemic, with countries across the seven continents adversely affected and the number of human cases exceeding two million. With no available vaccine, the treatment is primarily symptomatic for those affected and preventative for those at risk. Most countries have taken action to curtail the spread of COVID-19 through measures such as lockdowns, social distancing and voluntary self-isolation. Whilst necessary, such measures and the disease itself, may have an adverse impact on mental health. In view of research from previous pandemic crises, it is known that such situations are likely to increase stress levels and have negative psychiatric effects. The impact is likely to be felt by the general public, sufferers of COVID-19, their families and friends, persons with pre-existing mental health conditions and healthcare workers.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2756

How to cite this:Haider II, Tiwana F, Tahir SM. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adult Mental Health. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S90-S94. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2756

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Tetanus vaccine coverage in recommended and more than recommended doses among mothers in a West Cameroon health district: a cross sectional study
Authors: Nguemouo Nguegang Igor , Nguestop Martin , Eba Ze Linda Evans , Anyambod Mboh Trevor , Omokolo Dominique Majoric , Noutakdie Fossi Ruth , Guenou Etienne , Ateudjieu Jerome
Published: April 2020

Background: Vaccination is the best way to protect newborns and mothers against tetanus. The number of doses recommended by the Expanded Program of Immunization is based on documented protective immune response. This study was conducted in 2019 in the Foumban Health District (FHD) to assess tetanus vaccine coverage among mothers for their last pregnancy and the cumulative number of vaccine doses administered to the mothers.

Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the FHD. Mothers living in the district with at least one child younger than five years were included and were selected by random stratified cluster sampling. Trained surveyors used a face-to-face questionnaire, data extraction grid and data-tracking grid to review and collect data from antenatal care booklets, vaccination cards and the women’s own reports of immunization. The immunization coverage per vaccine dose and vaccination completeness rate were estimated.

Results: From 621 women visited, 602 (96.9%) responded. A total of 176/511 women (34.4%) had evidence of vaccination. For the last pregnancy, the two-dose immunization proportion was 21.7% (111/511) for documented coverage and 47.6% (243/511) for undocumented coverage. 306/570 women (53.7%) had received more than the recommended five doses necessary for lifetime protection. The recruitment, two and five doses completeness rates were 99.9% (569/570), 95.8% (546/570) and 65.3% (372/570), respectively.

Conclusion: More than half of mothers received more doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine than necessary in FHD. This increased the resources needed and the cost of vaccination. Health personnel should be trained and supervised to assess pregnant women’s vaccination status before planning the number of vaccine doses to be administered during pregnancy.
Mathematical Simulation of the Doses inside Patient Body under Prostate Irradiation with Carbon Ion Beam
Authors: Fedorov V. , Potetnya V. , Moiseev A. , Chernukha A. , Ulyanenko S. , Solovev A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The radiotherapy methods using heavy charged particles become popular nowadays due to its high efficiency in treatment of oncological patients. On the other side, the practical application of such particles is deeply connected to the influence of secondary radiation, which is a result of nuclear collisions, that can affect the patients’ tissues and organs outside the treatment field. Doses in the out-of-field volumes should be considered from the standpoint of radiological protection. In this study we perform mathematical simulations of the absorbed dose in various organs under the prostate irradiation with carbon ion beam and compared these dose values with existing reference values from CT procedures, and known radiological protection recommendations against current practice of clinical use of carbon ions. Material and methods: The simulation tool is general application Monte-Carlo code FLUKA widely used for ionizing radiation transport modeling and simulations in radiological protection field. The patient model is one of the most detailed voxelized anthropomorphic phantom Vishum. During the simulation the absorbed dose of segmented organs has been assessed under the spread-out Bragg peak of carbon ions uniformly covering the prostate with the physical dose. The resulted dose in organs is normalized to the prostate dose. This is the qualitative assessment of radiation treatment procedure which allowed us to analyze the out-of-field doses in distant organs from the viewpoint of radiological protection in ion beam therapy, following existing ICRP Publication 127 guidelines. Results: The results show that the levels of dose due to prostate irradiation in the regimes widely used in the world practice are two level of magnitude lower than dose levels under the full body CT examination, and are comparable to the aircraft crew doses. Conclusion: Thus, the obtained results might be interested from the risks assessment point of view, including the secondary radiation-induced cancers or other observable or expected treatment effects.
Phantoms for Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Rumyantsev P. , Trukhin A. , Sergunova K. , Sirota Ya. , Makarova N. , Bubnov A. , Semenov D. , Ahmad E.
Published: April 2020

The nuclear medicine phantom development is based on the step by step description of the computational and experimental biological object model. Computational phantoms are used for geometry of the object description and simulate physics of particle interactions with matter, while experimental phantoms are used for quality control tests and standardization of functional research protocols. Common examples are the dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy and post-therapeutic scintigraphy with 131I. This review provides a list of methods for computational and experimental phantoms. Examples of existing phantoms created for the nuclear medicine tasks are also given.
Geisha Fever: Changes in the Traditional Entertainment Districts in Kyoto in Response to Excessive Attention from Western Tourists
Authors: Grela-Chen Magdalena
Published: April 2020

In the popular discourse, geiko districts are described as places where traditional culture is preserved in a living form. Although this statement may be considered as true, the geiko community is a part of Japanese society as a whole and does not exist in complete isolation. Being able to survive as guardians of the Japanese tradition, in the 21st century geiko are discovering new opportunities, such as using new media to promote themselves in order to protect their lifestyle. However, outside world has forced them to change the way they manage their business in the districts. By using their own Internet sites, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts to reach new customers, they display their daily routine, one in which traditional culture meets modern ideas. This paper shows the reception of usage of the Internet in traditional entertainment districts of Kyoto and the response of Western tourists to the geisha phenomenon. It appears that overwhelming attention on the part of tourist industry, as well as commercialisation, are becoming a threat to the values which have cemented relationships between customers, geiko and teahouses owners. For instance, while during the so-called “geisha hunting”, tourists often try to take photographs of them at all costs. Considering the aspects of geiko life and processes mentioned above it is worth analysing how the image of the geiko is perceived by Westerners.
Effective Operation of Food Quality Management System: A Case Study from Fishery Processing
Authors: Ngoc Tong Thi Anh , Arturu Anna Minja , Ha Nguyen Cong , Miyamoto Takahisa
Published: April 2020

Performance of food safety management system (FSMS) by Self
diagnostic instrument (DI) and Microbial assessment scheme (MAS) are
still new approaches in Vietnamese Pangasius processing industries.
Performance variability of food safety management systems (FSMS) in
practice during processing steps makes microbial quality and safety of
Pangasius products very challenging. Therefore, 117 samples of fish,
water and environment were collected throughout processing to assess the
effective operation of the FSMS in practice. The dynamics and variations
in the microbial quality and safety were observed. The microbial count
of the final products ranged 6.8-7.7 log CFU/g of total mesophilic count,
<1-<2 log CFU/g of Escherichia coli, <1-6.3 log CFU/g of Coliform and
<2-4.6 log CFU/g of Staphylococcus aureus. High prevalence of pathogens
was observed on processed fish; 15/36 Listeria monocytogenes and 1/36
Salmonella spp. with a similar trend in food contact surfaces, hands of
operators and water. More attention should be focused on this company
because the current FSMS is not performing effectively by means of SelfDiagnostic Instrument (DI) and Microbial Assessment Scheme (MAS) tools.
These assessment tools are necessary to implement routinely to validate
the FSMS in place
Effect of Beta Carotene on the Ionisable Iron Content of Wheat
Authors: Butler N. , Ghugre P.
Published: April 2020

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is widely produced and consumed in India. It is one of the staple foods of India. As majority of Indian population have vegetarian diets, cereals constitute a major portion. Important nutrients like iron are usually from non-haem sources. Although, wheat contains iron, it has low bioavailability due to the presence of iron inhibitors like phytate. Recent studies have indicated that beta carotene can be a potential iron enhancer with the probability of phytate-chelating mechanism. As ionisable iron is an indicator of bioavailability, this study analysed the influence of beta carotene (synthetic and natural) on ionisable iron content of wheat. Three varieties of wheat samples were procured, ground into flour and prepared into rotis. The total iron, ionisable iron and phytate content of grain, flour and roti was estimated. The percent increase in ionisable iron content for synthetic beta carotene was 13.1±6.7%, whereas, for natural beta carotene, i.e., carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), it was 10.06±1.35%. This study indicates that both synthetic and natural beta carotene have a positive effect on ionisable iron content of wheat.
Why I can't live without my dental nurse
Authors: Ojak Amber
Published: April 2020

Amber Ojak considers the importance of your professional support for a dental hygiene or therapist in practice
Taking pain out of appointments
Authors: Ellwood Fiona
Published: April 2020

Dental professionals are encouraged to use the basic erosive wear examination as part of every oral assessment in order to prompt early identification and preventative discussions. Fiona Ellwood explains…
Dentures and your role
Authors: Taylor Stephen
Published: April 2020

Stephen Taylor looks at the role of the dental nurse when working with a clinical dental technician
Poisons affecting the neurological system
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: April 2020

The brain is susceptible to a variety of poisons. Sedating drugs and chemicals can cause central nervous system (CNS) depression while other substances can cause CNS stimulation, including seizures. These are of particular concern since intractable seizure activity may cause complications, with pyrexia resulting in secondary damage to other organs. The common poisons discussed here that cause neurological effects are metaldehyde and tremorgenic mycotoxins, which can cause rapid onset seizures; cannabis, which can cause prolonged sedation in companion animals; permethrin, which is associated with prolonged seizures, particularly in cats; and ivermectin, which can cause CNS depression, blindness and seizures. Treatment is supportive in most cases; care should be taken when considering the use of emetics since there is a risk of aspiration in seizuring animals. Control of seizure activity is a priority, while intravenous lipid emulsion may also be useful.
Small mammal anaesthesia nursing
Authors: Hollwarth Ashton , Vickery Stacey
Published: April 2020

This article provides an outline of special considerations and requirements for the anaesthesia of small exotic mammals. This includes the process from pre-anaesthesia, induction, maintenance and monitoring, and recovery. Most small mammal species can be anaesthetised using revised techniques and equipment from companion animal anaesthesia, however the requirements for modified equipment and monitoring are discussed in this article.
Volume of Hypercubes Clipped by Hyperplanes and Combinatorial Identities
Authors: Cho Yunhi , Kim Seonhwa
Published: April 2020

There is an elegant expression for the volume of hypercube $[0,1]^n$ clipped by a single hyperplane. In the article, the formula is generalized to the case of more than one hyperplane. An important foundation for the result is Lawrence's formula and a way to weaken two restrictions of simplicity and non-parallelness in his formula is also considered. Several concrete volume formulas of clipped hypercubes are derived explicitly and the corresponding combinatorial identities are obtained as an application.
Generalization of the ball-collision algorithm
Authors: INTERLANDO Carmelo , KHATHURIA Karan , ROHRER Nicole , ROSENTHAL Joachim , WEGER Violetta
Published: April 2020

In this paper we generalize the ball-collision algorithm by

Bernstein, Lange, Peters from the binary field to a general finite

field. We also provide a complexity analysis and compare the

asymptotic complexity to other generalized information set decoding

algorithms.
Axillary lymphadenopathy in a pregnant woman: a case report
Authors: Jalilzadeh Afshari S , Saad Abdalla Al-Zawi A , Idaewor P , Chicken DW
Published: April 2020

Lymphadenopathy is a common presentation in surgical assessment units and has numerous differential diagnoses. In one-stop breast clinics, its discovery often raises concerns of malignancy. This case report focuses on the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman presenting to the breast clinic with a right axillary lump, which was found to be the result of toxoplasmosis.
Uma Galeria de Imagens
Authors: Pimenta Emanuel
Published: April 2020

Galeria de Imagens
Erased: The impact of FOSTA-SESTA and the removal of Backpage on sex workers
Authors: Blunt Danielle , Wolf Ariel
Published: April 2020

This short article presents in brief the findings of a community-based, sex worker-led survey that asked sex workers about their experiences since the closure of Backpage and adoption of FOSTA. It shows that the financial situation of the vast majority of research participants has deteriorated, as has their ability to access community and screen clients. It concludes that FOSTA is just the latest example of the US government using anti-trafficking policy and restrictions on technology to police already marginalised people.
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Degradation Products of Valsartan by NMR and High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy: Development and Validation of Valsartan by UPLC
Authors: Kumaraswamy Kasani , Gandham Hima Bindu , J.D. Prasad Rudrakshula , Reddy B. Amarender , Kaliyaperumal Muralidharan , Rumalla Chidananda Swamy
Published: April 2020

Valsartan is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure and diabetic kidney disease. It was subjected to forced degradation under acidic, basic and peroxide mediated oxidation. The forced degradation was performed according to ICH guidelines Q1A(R2)−Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products. The drug was inert under peroxide mediated hydrolysis, two degradants (DP-Val-1, DP-Val-2) were formed in base hydrolysis and one degradant (DP-Val-3) was formed in acid hydrolysis. These degradants were initially identified through LC-MS and isolated by mass mediated purification system. DP-Val-1 and DP-Val-3 are already reported but their structures were not confirmed by 2D NMR studies. DP-Val-2 is novel degradant and its structure has been elucidated by substantial analysis of high resolution mass spectrometry and 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy. DP-Val-1 consists of a mixture of rotamers and this hypothesis was confirmed by variable temperature NMR (VT-NMR). A stability indicating RP-UPLC method was developed and validated for assay determination valsartan API drug. A valsartan UPLC method was validated on Acquity BEH C-18 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm column with shorter runtime of 6 min and the method was validated as per regulatory guidelines in terms of specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation.
Chemical Contamination in Date Fruits Collected During
Ramadan from Different Markets of Dhaka North City, Bangladesh
Authors: Zamir Rausan , Islam Nazmul , Parvin Sharmin , Rahman Safiur , Faruque M. Omar , Asraf Md. Ali , Zakaria M.
Published: April 2020

Assessment of toxic metals in date fruits collected during Ramadan from different market sites within
Dhaka city of Bangladesh have been carried out. Detection of toxic metals like Zn (0.07-0.15 mg/100
g), Cu (0.08-0.28 mg/100 g), Mn (0.80-1.25 mg/100 g) and Fe (0.54-1.90 mg/100 g) were found
within safety limit for consumption with respect to international regulatory body.
Estratégias para reorganização da Rede de Atenção à Saúde em resposta à Pandemia COVID-19: a experiência do Sistema de Saúde Italiano na região de Lazio
Authors: Tasca Renato , Massuda Adriano
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo faz uma breve síntese de estratégias adotadas pelos gestores de saúde da rede pública da região de Lazio-IT a partir de informações coletadas em entrevistas com informantes-chave atualizadas em torno de um mês após a notificação do primeiro caso na Itália. O estudo aponta as estratégias adotadas e as mudanças progressivamente introduzidas a partir um plano de enfrentamento definido por cenários epidemiológicos. Acredita-se a análise da experiência italiana pode ser de grande valia para identificar erros a serem evitados e caminhos a serem seguidos em outros países na resposta à COVID-19. A análise da experiência em curso também serve de reflexão a respeito dos enormes desafios, presentes e futuros, para a saúde global, em particular para a organização de sistemas e serviços, frente a uma grave situação de emergência em Saúde Pública, como apresentada pela COVID-19.
O desafio dos professores dos Anos Iniciais para o ensino da Matemática conforme a BNCC
Authors: Pertile Karine , Justo Jutta Cornelia Reuwsaat
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir com a discussão sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Além de discutir criticamente o documento, a partir de análises críticas já realizadas, apresenta-se a visão de supervisoras pedagógicas sobre o desafio a ser enfrentado pelos professores dos Anos Iniciais para ensinar Matemática na perspectiva da BNCC. O estudo, caracterizado como pesquisa ação, foi realizado por meio de um grupo de discussão com supervisores pedagógicos dos Anos Iniciais em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. A análise dos dados deu-se por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. As supervisoras compreendem que os professores dos Anos Iniciais precisam possuir conhecimento de conteúdo, conhecimento didático do conteúdo e conhecimento do currículo para ensinar Matemática, mas afirmam que eles não os têm, o pode repercutir no processo de aprendizagem.
A Educação em Direitos Humanos no Ensino de Ciências em interface com a teoria do Giro Decolonial: uma análise
Authors: Oliveira Roberto Dalmo Varallo Lima de , Salgado Stephanie Di Chiara
Published: April 2020

Este artigo busca estabelecer uma reflexão baseada na pergunta: O que há de decolonial nas propostas que relacionam Educação em Ciências e Direitos Humanos? Com base num estudo teórico, primeiro buscou-se apresentar o grupo Modernidade/ Colonialidade/ Decolonialidade (MCD). Em seguida, as propostas elaboradas por Oliveira e Queiroz (2013, 2015, 2017) acerca da Educação em Ciências na perspectiva da Educação em Direitos Humanos foram analisadas, apontando em quais sentidos elas convergiam ou divergiam  das formulações teóricas decoloniais. A partir das análises tecidas, concluímos que há possíveis aproximações e diálogos entre estes campos, uma vez que as obras de Oliveira e Queiroz se posicionam politicamente ao lado daqueles que foram subalternizados e historicamente marginalizados, fomentando a construção de uma educação contra-hegêmonica e combativa. Em termos de afastamentos, os autores não confrontam diretamente o modelo de educação escolar, e esta seria uma das fronteiras a serem rompidas para uma prática decolonial.
Saberes evidenciados nos documentos oficiais de âmbito federal para o currículo de cursos de licenciatura em Matemática
Authors: Traldi Junior Armando , Libório Reginaldo Guilhermino Cabral
Published: April 2020

O objetivo de pesquisa apresentado neste artigo é compreender os saberes explicitados nos documentos oficiais que normatizam a formação inicial do professor de matemática. O estudo desenvolvido é de natureza qualitativa e do tipo documental. A partir deste estudo é possível afirmar que os “saberes a ensinar” e os “saberes para ensinar” estiveram presentes nas normativas oficiais para a configuração curricular dos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática desde a implantação dos primeiros cursos. Porém, a ênfase estava prioritamente nos “saberes a ensinar”, pois a inserção da “matemática escolar” nos documentos oficiais ocorreu a partir de 1961, entretanto, ainda, sem considerar o contexto real da escola. É no documento publicado em 2002 que é  explicitada a real necessidade da articulação entre estes saberes. Neste sentido, pode-se afirmar a necessidade de se compreender um novo saber que é o amálgama entre estes saberes.
Putting the “Us” Back in the U.S. Defense Industrial Base: The Case of Rare Earths
Authors: Carrell Raeanna L.
Published: April 2020

No abstract.
Pohon Aktivitas Paradisaea minor jobiensis Rothschild, 1897 di Hutan Imbowiari Barawai Yapen, Papua
Authors: Raunsay Edoward Krisson
Published: April 2020

Pohon aktivitas bagi Cenderawasih Kuning Kecil merupakan bagian dari habitat dimana satwa tersebut berada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana aktivitas dan semua jenis pohon yang digunakan oleh Paradisaea minor jobiensis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi, eksplorasi dan studi pustaka sekunder yang relevan dan dinalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan juga menelaan berbagai penelitian sekunder yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pembanding data penelitian. Aktivitas bagi Paradisaea minor jobiensis di dalam kawasan hutan Imbowiari Barawai adalah Bersarang, Makan, Bermain, Bertengger dan Bersuara. Pohon aktivitasnya untuk bertengger terdiri dari  Pometia pinnata, Sterculia parkinsoni; Bermain: Comnosperma brevipetiolata, Sterculia parkinsoni, Gnetum gnemon,  Ficus benjamina; Bersuara: Sterculia parkinsoni; Bersarang: Gnetum gnemon; Makan: Pometia pinnata. Terdapat lima (5) aktivitas dan lima (5) jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan yang dilakukan dan P. minor jobiensis.
Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan Sekitar Danau Galela
Authors: Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Suhry Hendro Christi , Jumari Jumari
Published: April 2020

Danau Galela adalah salah satu sumberdaya perairan tawar terbesar di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk, Danau Galela mengalami permasalahan degradasi lahan dari lahan hutan dan perkebunan menjadi lahan peruntukan. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap catchment area dan badan air danau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi vegetasi dan tataguna lahan pada DTA Danau Galela. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah stratifikas untuk kualitas air, plot kuadrat untuk indeks nilai penting (INP) vegetasi, wawancara dan citra landsat untuk tataguna lahan. Hasil citra landsat menunjukan luasan daerah tangkapan air Danau Galela  3873,81 ha. Luasan Danau Galela, 390 ha.  Vegetasi pada DTA didominasi oleh Cocos nucifera L., Ficus variegata Blume, Arenga pinnata Merr., Kleinhovia hospita L., Eleusine indica, Paspalum conjugatum dan Cyperus rotundus. Tata guna lahan sekitar kawasan berdasarkan hasil wawancara telah berubah dibandingkan 20 hingga 30 tahun lalu.
PEMODELAN KEPERCAYAAN PETANI PADI SAWAH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM (Kasus Desa Kaserangan Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten)
Authors: Salampessy Yudi L.A , Nurwayulis Nurwayulis , Pipih Pipih
Published: April 2020

The climate change issue is a new and complex information for the most farmers. Thus, this research describes the farmer belief, variable of communication, which affects the farmer belief, and model of the farmer belief towards climate change. The 48 farmers from an area that is vulnerable of climate change effect are taken via a survey. Chi-squared statistics and logistic model are tested in the data. The result shows that most of the farmers do not believe that climate changes. The belief relates to the literacy, variation of the information source, intensity of application and achievement to seek the climate change information. If the variation of the information source increases, the chance to believe climate change is two times higher. It is suggested that the capacity of mastery of climate change information from the information sources has to be increased, for example, education and training of climate and dissemination of climate change information via various media, which are ensured that the information is correctly delivered to the farmers.
Penurunan Intensitas Hujan Ekstrem di Bengawan Solo Hilir dan Hubungannya dengan ENSO
Authors: Mulyanti Heri , Harjono Harjono , Rendra Mrabawani Insan
Published: April 2020

Hujan ekstrem erat kaitannya dengan bencana hidrometeorologi. Bengawan Solo Hilir merupakan wilayah yang rawan terhadap kejadian banjir maupun kekeringan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: a) mengidentifikasi perubahan curah hujan ekstrem di Bengawan Solo Hilir tahun 1979-2017; b) menjelaskan kejadian hujan ekstrem saat kejadian ENSO (El Nino/ Southern Oscillation). Data curah hujan harian dari 10 stasiun digunakan untuk mendapatkan indeks eksrem berupa Rx1hari, Rx5hari, P95, P99, dan Simple Daily Intensity Index (SDII). Tren hujan monotonik dihitung menggunakan statistik Mann-Kendall, adapun besarnya perubahan dianalisis menggunakan uji Sen’s slope. Hubungan antara hujan ekstrem dengna kejadian ENSO diketahui berdasarkan nilai korelasi Spearman-rank. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar stasiun hujan bagian selatan mengalami penurunan hujan ekstrem (tren negatif). Perubahan hujan musiman didominasi bulan Maret-April-Mei dengan kecenderungan negatif. Kejadian ENSO tidak langsung berakibat pada intensitas hujan ekstrem skala harian. Indeks ENSO lebih tepat digunakan untuk analisis indeks ekstrem dengan skala kumulatif antarmusim maupun antartahun.
Physiological strategies of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms to tolerate Cr6+ accumulation, compared to a sensitive species Pistia stratiotes L.
Authors: Taufikurahman Taufik , Rahmawati Andira , Ardiansyah Muhammad Arief , Ilhamsyah Dea Prianka Ayu , Rosanti Serafina
Published: April 2020

Chromium in the form of hexavalent chromium (VI) has been used in some industry including leather tanning industry. The chemical has been known to be harmful to  living organism. Therefore, it is important to treat wastewater from leather tanning industry before being discharged to the environment. The aim of this study is to examine physiological strategies of Eichhornia crassipes  to tolerate Cr6+ accumulation in its tissue, compared to sensitive species Pistia stratiotes. The variations of Cr6+ concentrations were 0, 40, 80 and 120 ppm. Some parameters including catalase, APX, chlorophyll and proline enzymes in both plants were measured. The biomass yield of plant in Cr6+ stress was negative (-0.732 to -1.84 g/week) which indicated both E. crassipes and P. stratiotes  reduced their growth. The higher the concentration of Cr6+, the lower the chlorophyll contents in the leaves. The lowest of chlorophyll content was in 120 ppm (0.15 mg/g in P. stratiotes  and 0.12 mg/g in E. crassipes). The highest of CAT activity in E. crassipes was 109% in 40 ppm Cr6+, while in P. stratiotes  was 76% in 120 ppm. Proline content in both E. crassipes and P. stratiotes  were not different significantly. In general, E. crassipes plants have the ability to adapt to Cr6+ stress which is better when compared to P. stratiotes  plants which was severely damaged when grown in high Cr6+ concentration. Both plants can remediate waste fairly well (% elimination 62-68%) during the exposure period of 14 days.
Budidaya Kopi Rakyat dengan Pengeelolaan Bahan Organik Mengurangi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Cadangan Karbon
Authors: Yulianingrum Hesti , Yunianti Ika Ferry , Ulu Maria Angelina Nai
Published: April 2020

Peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) akibat dari kegiatan pertanian akan menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Dampak perubahan iklim akan mengancam produktivitas tanaman kopi. Upaya mitigasi GRK perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah penuruan produktvitas kopi. Tujuan untuk mengetahui emisi GRK dan cadangan karbon dari perbedaan jenis pupuk yang diberikan (sistem organik dan konvensional)  di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan  pada lahan perkebunan kopi rakyat di Desa Radabata, Kecamatan Golewa, Kabupaten Ngada, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua lokasi dengan sistem budidaya konvensional (tanpa penambahan bahan organik) dan organik (penambahan bahan organik). Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pengukuran gas rumah kaca (GRK) serta cadangan karbon. PengukuranGRK menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup dengan 4 titik pengambilan sampel. Perhitungan cadangan karbon dengan pengambilan sampel biomassa kering denga metode RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock’s Assesment). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkebunan kopi mampu menurunkan GWP sebesar 24,77 % dibandingkan pada sistem konvensional. Perkebunan kopi rakyat dengan sistem konvensional menghasilkan cadangan karbon dan serapan karbon yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sistem organik. Keragaman jenis tanaman penaung, umur tanaman dan sistem budidaya sangat mempengaruh cadangan karbon yang dihasilkan pada suatu lahan. Pengelolaan perkebunan secara organik dengan tanaman tahunan sebagai penaung (Agrogorestri) merupakan kegiatan ramah lingkungan sebagai upaya mitigasi gas rumah kaca.
KUALITAS DIET, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN STATUS GIZI PADA PEROKOK DEWASA AWAL
Authors: Restutiwati Fidi , Murbawani Etisa Adi , Rahadiyanti Ayu
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan merokok berdampak pada kualitas diet, aktivitas fisik dan status gizi. Rokok mengandung nikotin yang dapat menurunkan nafsu makan dan mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan kardiorespirasi sehingga mengganggu aktivitas fisik seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas diet dan aktivitas fisik menurut status gizi pada perokok dewasa awal.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 59 subjek yang berusia 20-24 tahun. Data meliputi karakteristik subjek, kualitas diet diperoleh dengan metode Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionniare (SQ-FFQ), aktivitas fisik diperoleh dengan metode International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), dan status gizi diukur menggunakan lingkar pinggang dan/atau Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Panggul (RLPP). Analisis data dengan uji chi-square, fisher exact.Hasil: Rerata skor kualitas diet subjek yaitu 40,4±8,7 tergolong kualitas diet rendah. Kualitas diet rendah pada subjek digambarkan dengan rendahnya asupan sayur dan buah, tingginya asupan total lemak, lemak jenuh, kolesterol, natrium, rendahnya skor rasio makronutrien dan rasio asam lemak. Rerata aktivitas fisik subjek yaitu 2569,5±1806,5 METs/min/minggu termasuk dalam aktivitas fisik sedang. Hasil uji perbedaan diperoleh kualitas diet menurut status gizi (p=0,564), aktivitas fisik menurut status gizi (p=0,019). Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan kualitas diet menurut status gizi pada perokok dewasa awal (p>0,05). Ada perbedaan signifikan aktivitas fisik menurut status gizi pada perokok dewasa awal (p<0,05).
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP GIZI DENGAN PERILAKU MAKAN DARI LUAR RUMAH PADA REMAJA DI KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Setyawan Fajar , Panunggal Binar , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Syauqy Ahmad , Rahadiyanti Ayu
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Perilaku makan dari luar rumah meningkat pada periode remaja dan perilaku ini sering dikaitkan dengan obesitas. Pada derajat tertentu pengetahuan dan sikap merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku makan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dengan perilaku makan dari luar rumah pada remaja.Metode: Penelitian ­cross-sectional dilakukan pada 262 subjek remaja berusia 15-17 tahun di SMAN 3 Surakarta yang dipilih secara acak. Data pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku makan remaja diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Rank Spearman dan Uji U Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Sebanyak 61% subjek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan gizi sedang dan 13% subjek tergolong memiliki tingkat pengetahuan gizi tinggi. Subjek memiliki nilai median 5,3 dari 7 skala likert untuk motivasi makan sehat. Median frekuensi makan dari luar rumah subjek sebanyak 8 kali dalam seminggu terakhir. Ada hubungan antara sikap motivasi makan sehat (= -0,131, p=0,034), uang jajan (=0,166, p=0,007), dan lama di luar rumah ketika hari libur (=-0,215, p=0,000) dengan frekuensi makan dari luar rumah. Ada beda signifikan (p=0,016) frekuensi makan dari luar rumah antara laki-laki dan perempuan.Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi negatif antara sikap motivasi makan sehat dengan frekuensi makan dari luar rumah. Ada korelasi positif lama di luar rumah ketika hari libur dan uang jajan dengan frekuensi makan dari luar rumah. Ada beda frekuensi makan dari luar rumah antara laki-laki dan perempuan.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KERAGAMAN PANGAN PADA ANAK JALANAN DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: 'Aisy Amalia Rihadatul , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Purwanti Rachma , Kurniawati Dewi Marfu’ah , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Anak jalanan mempunyai kecenderungan mengkonsumsi makanan tidak beragam yang dapat mengakibatkan terganggunya perkembangan dan pertumbuhan serta rentan terhadap masalah kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keragaman pangan pada anak jalanan di kota Semarang.Metode: Penelitian observational dengan rancangan cross sectional. Subjek adalah 58 anak jalanan usia 9-12 tahun diambil dengan cara consecutive sampling. Data pengetahuan gizi, pendapatan rumah tangga, pengaruh teman sebaya dan jumlah anggota rumah tangga diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner penelitian, data ketahanan pangan rumah tangga diperoleh menggunakan Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), serta keragaman pangan dinilai dengan instrument Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS). Data dianalisis statistika secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan metode Chi-Square.Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek (82,2%) mengkonsumsi makanan yang tidak beragam sedangkan 17,2% lainnya mengkonsumsi makanan beragam. Terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan pengasuh utama, pengetahuan gizi anak terkait porsi sayur, dan pengetahuan gizi pengasuh utama terkait kandungan sayur dan buah dengan keragaman pangan (p=0,003; p=0,035; p=0,003). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi anak, pengetahuan gizi pengasuh utama, pendapatan rumah tangga, pengaruh teman sebaya, ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan besar keluarga dengan keragaman pangan (p>0,05). Simpulan: Pengetahuan gizi anak terkait porsi sayur dan pengetahuan gizi pengasuh utama terkait kandungan sayur dan buah merupakan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keragaman pangan pada anak jalanan di kota Semarang