bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The level of digital transformation affecting the competitiveness of banks
Authors: Kolodiziev Oleh , Krupka Mykhailo , Shulga Nataliya , Kulchytskyy Myroslav , Lozynska Olha
Published: March 2021

The article examines the competitiveness of Ukrainian banks influenced by economy digitalization, the dynamic spread of electronic payments and e-commerce, as well as innovative technologies aimed at providing digital services. When shifting to an Online Platform business model, a bank can expand its range of banking products, attract more customers, thereby forming a competition policy and gaining competitive advantages. The paper aims to assess the digitalization level affecting the general competitiveness of banks and its components based on Ukrainian banks. For this purpose, the following methods were used: standardized input statistical indicators, comparison and ranking, a cluster analysis, and a regression and correlation analysis. The cluster analysis confirmed the current role of digitalization as a competition driver that determines the competitive advantages of banks and creates additional opportunities to expand the customer base and the range of services. The correlation and regression dependence of the competitive position identified by the activity indicators of certain banks on the level of competitive digitalization confirmed a close direct impact on the competitive position of personal deposits arising from the development of digital banking technology; the pre-tax income, profiles of assets and personal loans, and corporate deposits are subject to a significant direct impact, while the weakest direct impact determines corporate loans. The foregoing substantiates the feasibility of large-scale introduction of innovative digital technologies by banks to maintain competitive positions in the banking sector of the economy. Applying the proposed approach based on certain regression equations, managers of Ukrainian banks will be able to assess the efficiency and make appropriate decisions concerning investing in digital tools and services.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MODIFIED MRAC-MIT SYSTEM AND MRAC-LYAPUNOV SYSTEM
Authors:   E.S. Duvanov Institute of Control Sciences V. A. Trapeznikov, Duvanov E.S. , Kudinov Yu. I. ,   Yu. I. Kudinov Institute of Control Sciences V. A. Trapeznikov, Kudinov I.Yu. ,   I.Yu. Kudinov Institute of Control Sciences V. A. Trapeznikov, Ponomarev A.A. ,   A.A. Ponomarev Institute of Control Sciences V. A. Trapeznikov, Pashchenko F.F. ,   F.F. Pashchenko Institute of Control Sciences V. A. Trapeznikov, Pashchenko A.F. ,   A.F. Pashchenko Institute of Control Sciences V. A. Trapeznikov
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the comparative analysis of the quality of adaptive thermal object control systems with reference models using the modified MIT rule and Lyapunov rule, implemented in MATLAB-Simulink software complexes (PCs). The proposed control algorithms were tested in laboratory condi-tions and provided the required quality of transition process in a thermal object.
“MINHA HISTÓRIA VERDADEIRA SOBRE FANTASMAS”: A TEORIA PÓS-COLONIALISTA E O GÓTICO EM RUDYARD KIPLING E HUGO DE CARVALHO RAMOS
Authors: Carneiro Fabianna Simão Bellizzi
Published: March 2021

Guardadas as devidas especificidades de cada produção, o período de publicação, a formação do escritor, faço uma leitura comparativa dos contos “Minha história verdadeira sobre fantasmas”, do escritor hindu-americano Rudyard Kipling; e “A madre de ouro”, do brasileiro Hugo de Carvalho Ramos, publicados respectivamente e inicialmente em 1888 e 1917 à luz das teorias pós-colonialistas, e ainda alinhavada por manifestações do maquinário gótico europeu oitocentista, comprovando minha hipótese de que o arsenal de crenças e superstições perfaz instrumento desestabilizador do poder imperial. Dentro desse quadro objetivo analisar como o espaço das colônias torna-se fértil para se pesquisar a manifestação do gótico local em diálogo com a tradição gótica imperialista.
Outcomes of eight patients after surgical valve replacement for carcinoid heart disease.
Authors: RAMLUGUN Dharmesh , KINDO Michel , MAZZUCOTELLI Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2021

Background and aim

Carcinoid heart disease is a rare, acquired heart valvular disease
affecting mainly the right chambers. Cardiac surgery is the only
definite symptom relieving option and has significantly transformed
patient short and midterm prognosis. In this study, we aim to
retrospectively analyze the postoperative outcomes of patients with
carcinoid syndrome after heart valve surgery.

Methods

Data was retrospectively collected for patients referred to our
institution for carcinoid heart disease and operated between 2013 and
beginning of 2021.

Results

8 patients underwent heart valve replacement with 1 having quadruple
valve surgery, 3 patients had both tricuspid and pulmonary valves
changed while 4 had only tricuspid valve replacements ; 3 patients had
mechanical prostheses. 3 deaths occurred during the follow-up till date
with 2 inside the perioperative period. No case of valvular
complications was reported. Mean ICU and hospital stay were 9,4 days
(range 1-39) and 23,5 days (range 10-52) respectively. 2 patients needed
postoperative dialysis, 1 needed re-intubation and no patient required
extracorporeal life support. The mean time period from diagnosis to
valve surgery was 16,6 months (range 1-60). Follow-up (2-84 months)
showed excellent postoperative clinical status with NYHA 1 in all
patients.

Conclusions

Timely heart valve surgery in patients with close multidisciplinary
monitoring is associated with good midterm survival rates and low
perioperative valvular complications. Patients should be considered for
surgery the soonest possible irrespective of the number of valves
concerned as functional status improves drastically in most patients.
Solubility of CO2 in molten Li2Co3-LiCl
Authors: Hu X.-W. , Deng W.-T. , Shi Z.-N. , Liu A.-M. , Yu J.-Y. , Wang Z.-W.
Published: March 2021

Solubility of CO2 in molten Li2CO3-LiCl was measured by a pressure differential method, and the enthalpy change of the solution was calculated on that basis. The relationships between the solubility and the enthalpy change, and the temperature and the composition of the melts were discussed. The results showed that when the temperature was 873?923 K and the Li2CO3 content was 10?50 mol%, the solubility of CO2 increased with decreasing temperature and/or increasing Li2CO3 content. The maximum solubility was 3.965 ? 10?7gCO2/gmelt at 873 K when the content of Li2CO3 was 50 mol%. The solution of CO2 was exothermic. With increasing temperature and Li2CO3 content, more enthalpy was needed for CO2 solution.
Unique Human and Mouse β-cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) Reveal Conserved Signaling Pathways and Heterogeneous Factors
Authors: Midha Ayush , Pan Hui , Abarca Cristian , Andle Joshua , Carapeto Priscila , Bonner-Weir Susan , Aguayo-Mazzucato Cristina
Published: March 2021

The aging of pancreatic β-cells may undermine their
ability to compensate for insulin resistance, leading to the development of
type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aging β-cells acquire markers of cellular senescence and
develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can lead to
senescence and dysfunction of neighboring cells through paracrine actions,
contributing to b-cell failure. Herein, we defined the β-cell SASP
signature based on unbiased proteomic analysis of conditioned media of cells
obtained from mouse and human senescent β-cells and a chemically-induced mouse
model of DNA damage capable of inducing SASP. These experiments revealed that the
β-cell SASP is enriched for factors associated with inflammation, cellular
stress response, and extracellular matrix remodeling across species. Multiple
SASP factors were transcriptionally upregulated in models of β-cell senescence,
aging, insulin resistance and T2D.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of islets from an in vivo
mouse model of reversible insulin resistance indicated unique and partly
reversible changes in β-cell subpopulations associated with senescence.
Collectively, these results demonstrate the unique secretory profile of
senescent b-cells and its potential implication in health and disease.
Application of salicylic acid in growing beta vulgaris l. plants in the context of sustainable agricultural production
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Tsvilynyuk Olga , Telehii Liliia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: March 2021

The use of synthetic phytohormones is a promising technology for intensification and greening of agricultural production. Salicylic acid, among the others, is of particular interest. It causes anti-stress activity in plants in response to various adverse environmental factors in the laboratory. The analysis of the results of model field experiments showed that the use of salicylic acid for pre-sowing treatment of beet seeds varieties "Detroit" and "Egyptian flat" improves the habitus of mature plants, increases their water conservation capacity under adverse growth conditions (concentration 1•10-4 M). In adverse climatic conditions (initially excess moisture, and during the period of active growth and accumulation of nutrients - drought), the mass of the roots of both varieties of beets doubled under the influence of salicylic acid at a concentration of 1•10-5 M and increased 1.7 times at a concentration of 1•10-4 M (Detroit beets). This indicates a variety-specific reaction of beet plants to different concentrations of salicylic acid used for pre-sowing seed treatment. The use of salicylic acid in the cultivation of beets can become a priority in the transition of agriculture to the principles of sustainable development in a changing climate.
The Life of N.Ya. Danilevsky. Biographic Essay
Authors: Danilevskaya Olga N. , Danilchenko Irina R. , Tenny Olga V.
Published: March 2021

Biographic essay of Ya.N. Danilevsky was written by his direct descendants on the basis of available archival documents, memoirs of contemporaries, supplemented by family letters, photographs and legends. The essay describes all the most important stages of Danilevsky's life, starting with his studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, participation in the Petrashevsky circle, imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress, exile to Vologda, work in the Caspian expedition of K.M. Baer, and life in the Crimea at the Mshatka estate, where the fundamental works «Russia and Europe» and «Darwinism. Сritical Rsearch» were written. The image of Nikolai Yakovlevich as a highly moral, humane, kind person, capable of compassion and mercy is revealed. The descendants of N.Ya. Danilevsky sacredly honor the memory of their great ancestor and for six generations tirelessly work to perpetuate his memory. Through the efforts of the descendants, a tombstone was erected on the grave of the philosopher in the Cypress Hall on the territory of his former estate Mshatka in Crimea.
Study of Cultural Differences in Motivational Orientations towards Sport Participation of Junior Secondary School Children in Four Cultures
Authors: TSANG Eric C. K. , SZABO Attila , SOOS Istvan , BUTE Pal
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The study of motivational orientations of participants is essential in designing physical education or sport programs in enhancing their enjoyment and persistence. People from different regions may adopt different motivational orientations during participating in physical activities. This study compared junior secondary school students (N = 1,083) from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Hungary and Romania on three motivational orientations, two goal orientations and competitive trait anxiety. The data were analyzed with a four (country) by two (gender) multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA). Results indicated that relative to the other cultures, Hong Kong scored higher in goal orientations, while Hungary and Romania were quite homogenous and scored higher in both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations; the United Kingdom scored relatively lower in all scores. Cultural difference in gender was not prominent with females scoring in a more unfavorable condition towards sport participation. These findings were discussed relative to cultural influences and concluded that cultural factors should be considered in sport motivational research.參與體育活動的動機研究，對於組織及設計體育活動非常重要，以達到參與者能享受及長期參與體育活動的目的。本研究將參與體育活動的動機分為「內/外發動機」、「目標定向」及「競賽焦慮」，以跨文化方式作出探索，分別在香港、英國、匈牙利及羅馬尼捚(N = 1,083)，以收集問卷形式進行。結果表示不同的文化，對參與體育活動的動機有不同的影響，推論到在進行研究時，要考慮文化影響的重要性。
Influence of Exercise on Stress and Depression
Authors: NAGEL Merav
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

There is evidence in human subjects that aerobic physical exercise boosts the immune system, influences stress hormone levels and depressive feelings (Brenner, Shek, Zamecnik, & Shephard, 1998). Moderate physical exercise can prevent detrimental effects of stress and depression as a result of the interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system post aerobic exercise (Fleshner, 2000). In this study, the contribution of intensity and duration of exercise to modulation of stress responses were assessed. Physical exercise modulation of the response to a stressful threatening event was examined in rats at the behavioral and biochemical levels. At the behavioral level, the following parameters were measured: anxiety (Elevated Plus Maze, Startle reflex response measures), depression (Learned helplessness) exploratory orientation (Open field) and of cognitive abilities (Spatial learning and memory, active avoidance). At the biochemical level, alterations in the basal concentrations of neurosteroids and in responsiveness to stress were measured.

In response to acute stress there is a rapid increase in neurosteroids (Vllee, Rivera, Koob, Purdy, & Fitzgerald, 2000). The neurosteroid allopregnanolone has been shown to be a potent ligand of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptors. It enhances its receptor-mediated inhibitory effects in the rat (Guo et al., 1995; Pericic, Svob, Jazvinscak, & Mirkovic, 2000). The neurosteroid 3 alpha, 5 alpha THP acts like an antidepressant drug. It interacts with the central delta receptor, which has antidepressant-like effects (Khisti, Chopde, & Jain, 2000; Reddy, Kaur, & Kulkani, 1998).

進行適量運動能夠產生正面的健康影響，運動與身體免疫系統、壓力賀爾蒙和憂鬱情況的相關研究，經已得到確定。本文嘗試以不同的運動強度及時期，並用白鼠作用受試對象，去探討運動與壓力兩者的生理變化。
Review of Various Step Test Protocols for Use in Assessing Aerobic Fitness in Schools
Authors: CHEUNG Peggy PY
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

Among the commonly used field tests, the step test is a practical field assessment that provides acceptable validity and resolves the concerns on space and time requirement for implementation in Hong Kong schools. The present paper reviews various step test protocols and discusses the concerns on step test implementation. Recommendation on step test implementation in assessing children’s aerobic fitness in school setting was discussed.

在眾多的場地測試中，台階測試是其中一項適合作為應用在學校之心肺耐力測試的方法，本文旨在介紹不同台階測試的模式，以及討論有關研究及應用台階測試之相關事項。
IMPLEMENTATION WAYS OF INTERSUBJECTIONAL CONNECTIONS (INTEGRATION) IN THE PROCESS OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING COURSE FOR V-VI GRADES
Authors: Seyidova Aynura
Published: March 2021

The article dealt with the modern system of education used in secondary schools and one of its fundamental principles - integration. In our time, as in other spheres, integration is one of the most important stages in education. Integration is a special requirement in educational programs used during the current period in secondary schools. The
Azerbaijani education system needs to integrate into the world and European education, continue and develop global
educational trends. Integration into the education system was recognized as an important principle and lay on the basis
of activity in the field of education. The role of integration is to interest the student not in one science, but in several, to
attract his/her attention and encourage active learning activities. In the opposite case, there can be no successful outcome. Ensuring proper integration in the lessons of mathematics is a real creative work for the teacher and for the
correct understanding of the students of this science. Integration was studied on the basis of the curriculum topics for
grades V-VI of secondary schools in the subject "Mathematics". As in other classes of the secondary schools, a link
between all subjects was created to improve the level of education in grades V-VI and to improve results, and the importance of co-education was noted. It was pointed out that mathematical knowledge is necessary to become an active
member of modern society and that it is important to give preference to their connection with life. The importance of
integrations used during training - inter-subjectional and intra-subjectional integrations - was emphasized, referring
valuable sources. Examples were given concerning both integrations – intra-subjectional and inter-subjectional integration. We investigated the integration capabilities of some of the topics (sets, the smallest common factor, symmetry,
adding data, scale, coordinates, etc.), both in V class and in VI class.
Rooting Response of Boxwood Cultivars to Hot Water Treatment and Thermal Sensitivity ofCalonectria henricotiaeandC. pseudonaviculatain Diseased Boxwood (Buxusspp.)1
Authors: Shishkoff Nina , Miller Megan E. , Cubeta Marc. A.
Published: March 2021

Boxwood blight is caused by Calonectria henricotiae (Che) and C. pseudonaviculata (Cps). Unrecognized symptoms on Buxus cuttings used for propagation could potentially serve as a source of inoculum and result in pathogen spread. In this study, cuttings of boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivars ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Nana', ‘Green Beauty', and ‘Green Velvet' were assessed for root production after exposure to 45 C (113 F) or 47.5 C (118 F) water for 0 to 60 minutes in 5 minute increments. The number of roots greater than 1 cm (0.4 in) in length produced by cuttings of all cultivars three months after treatment in 45 C water for up to 60 minutes was not statistically different from the non-immersed control. A similar response was observed for cuttings of all cultivars treated in 47.5 C water for up to 60 minutes, except for cv. ‘Nana,' which produced fewer roots than the non-immersed control after 35 minutes of exposure to heated water. Experiments conducted on diseased, detached boxwood leaves of susceptible cultivar ‘Justin Brouwers' at 47.5 C, 50 C (122 F) or 52.5 C (127 F) showed significantly reduced production of conidia and viability of Che and Cps after 25 to 30 minute exposure to 47.5 C water (44%) or 12 minute exposure to 50 C water (22%). After 8 minutes of exposure to 52.5 C water, little or no sporulation was observed for either pathogen.

Index words: Boxwood blight, Calonectria pseudonaviculata, Calonectria henricotiae, Buxus, hot water treatment, rooting, cuttings, plant propagation.

Species used in this study: Boxwood blight [Calonectria henricotiae Gehesquière, Heungens and J.A. Crouch and C. pseudonaviculata (Crous J.Z. Groenewald & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf & Crous] Boxwood [Buxus sempervirens L. ‘Justin Brouwers'; Buxus sinica (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) M. Cheng var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng ‘Nana'; B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa'×B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Beauty', and B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' × B. sinica var. insularis ‘Green Velvet'].
Evaluating the impact of changes in human capital structure on Russia's economic growth dynamics
Authors: MEL'NIKOV Roman M. , TESLENKO Valentina A.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article explores the impact of changes in the educational structure of the employed population on the dynamics of economic growth. Objectives. The purpose is to evaluate the impact of changes in the share of employed persons, having secondary vocational and higher education, and researchers with academic degree on the growth rates of the Russian economy. Methods. The study employs the regression analysis of panel data of Russian regions, the specification with a quadratic dependence of economic growth rates on the share of employed persons, having the higher education and secondary vocational education. A fixed-effects model is used to analyze the short-term effects, the sustainability of results, and long-term effects, using the pool models and random effects models. Results. The increase in the share of researchers with academic degree has a positive and significant effect on economic growth, but only if adequate R&D funding is provided. The increase in the share of employed persons with higher education up to thirty percent is accompanied by an increase in the growth rate of real GRP in the long run, however, further expansion of higher education has no positive effect on economic growth. Conclusions. A powerful form of personnel training for Russian high-tech companies is a special model of ‘industrial postgraduate training’, which involves the collaboration of universities with industrial partners.
An efficient conversion of quantum circuits to a linear nearest neighbor architecture
Authors: Hirata Yuichi , Nakanishi Masaki , Yamashita Shigeru , Nakashima Yasuhiko
Published: March 2021

Several promising implementations of quantum computation rely on a Linear Nearest Neighbor (LNN) architecture, which arranges quantum bits on a line, and allows neighbor interactions only. Therefore, several specific circuits have been designed on an LNN architecture. However, a general and efficient conversion method for an arbitrary circuit has not been established. Therefore, this paper gives an efficient conversion technique to convert quantum circuits to an LNN architecture. When a quantum circuit is converted to an LNN architecture, the objective is to reduce the size of the additional circuit added by the conversion and the time complexity of the conversion. The proposed method requires less additional circuitry and time complexity compared with naive techniques. To develop the method, we introduce two key theorems that may be interesting on their own. In addition, the proposed method also achieves less overhead than some known circuits designed from scratch on an LNN architecture.
Localization of quantum walks via the CGMV method
Authors: Konno Norio , Segawa Etsuo
Published: March 2021

We study discrete-time quantum walks on a half line by means of spectral analysis. Cantero et al. showed that the CMV matrix, which gives a recurrence relation for the orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle, expresses the dynamics of the quantum walk. Using the CGMV method introduced by them, the name is taken from their initials, we obtain the spectral measure for the quantum walk. As a corollary, we give another proof for localization of the quantum walk on homogeneous trees shown by Chisaki et al.
Simulating quantum computers with probabilistic methods
Authors: Van den Nest Maarten
Published: March 2021

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate new classes of classically simulatable quantum circuits where standard techniques relying on the exact computation of measurement probabilities fail to provide efficient simulations. For example, we show how various concatenations of matchgate, Toffoli, Clifford, bounded-depth, Fourier transform and other circuits are classically simulatable. We also prove that sparse quantum circuits as well as circuits composed of CNOT and $\exp[{i\theta X}]$ gates can be simulated classically. In a second part, we apply our results to the simulation of quantum algorithms. It is shown that a recent quantum algorithm, concerned with the estimation of Potts model partition functions, can be simulated efficiently classically. Finally, we show that the exponential speed-ups of Simon's and Shor's algorithms crucially depend on the very last stage in these algorithms, dealing with the classical postprocessing of the measurement outcomes. Specifically, we prove that both algorithms would be classically simulatable if the function classically computed in this step had a sufficiently peaked Fourier spectrum.
β-Zeolite Assisted Lignin-First Fractionation in a Flow-Through Reactor
Authors: Kramarenko Alexei , Etit Deniz , Laudadio G. , Neira Dangelo Fernanda
Published: March 2021

Lignin is one of the main constituents of lignocellulosic biomass, whose valorization is essential for an economically feasible biorefinery process scheme[1]. In the present work, a hydrogen-free one step catalytic fractionation of woody biomass using commercial b-zeolite as catalyst in a flow-through reactor was carried out, leading to a maximum aromatic monomer yield of 20.5 wt.%. Birch, spruce and walnut shells were used and compared as lignocellulosic feedstocks. Relevant insights in the reaction mechanism were obtained through 2D HSQC NMR analysis, revealing that b-O-4 cleavage is catalyzed by the zeolite. To optimize system operation, a rate limiting step analysis was performed by using different reactor configurations. It was found that the system operated in a mixed regime where the rates of both solvolytic delignification and zeolite-based depolymerization/dehydration affect the net rate of aromatic monomer production. Oxalic acid addition was found to enhance monomer production at moderate concentrations by improving solvolysis; however, it caused structural changes to the zeolite leading to lower monomer yields at higher concentrations. Zeolite stability was assessed through catalyst recycling and characterization using NH3-TPD, XRD, N2 physisorption and TGA. Main catalyst deactivation mechanisms were found to be coking and leaching, respectively leading to larger pore size and lower concentration of acid sites.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME COMMODITY CHARACTERISTICS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF GRAY AND BLACK ALDER LEAVES
Authors: G.V. Nesterov , N.V. Nesterova
Published: March 2021

The article contains the results of studying a number of technological factors: bulk mass, bulk mass, specific gravity, porosity, free volume of the raw material layer, extractant absorption coefficients; as well as data on the analysis of some numerical quality indicators (humidity, total ash, ash insoluble in 10% solution of hydrochloric acid 10%) of gray and black alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench и A. Glutinosa (L.) Gaerth ) leaves harvested in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. The obtained data are planned to be taken into account in the technological process of production of extraction preparations from the leaves of gray and black alder.
More Is Less – The Integral Mass Timber Bridge
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Riederer Jochen , Meier Florian , Rieser Christian
Published: March 2021

Today, few new bridges are made of timber. Since the industrialization, timber bridges have increasingly lost ground to steel and later concrete bridges. In addition, timber bridges developed a reputation of high maintenance and low durability from many crossings built between the 1970s and 1990s.

Interest in timber bridges has recently grown due to new motivations in design, including an increased focus on sustainability. Efforts in research and engineering to reexamine timber bridges have led to the development of the “Integral mass-timber bridge”. The bridges will be a first: timber integral bridges without any movement joints or bearings between the superstructure and the concrete abutments.

These structures were developed taking into account the efficient use of natural resources as well as the carbon-emissions during the entire life span of the bridge: from the design and manufacturing to maintenance and operation. The body of the bridge is made of block-laminated timber beams and articulates the guiding principle of mass timber: the sequestration of carbon within the massive timber construction.

Currently, the first three of these bridges are being constructed in Germany, with completion in May 2019. The concept has been awarded with the German Timber Construction Award 2017.
Structural Design of Office Building with Resilience and Redundancy using Viscoelastic Dampers
Authors: Asakawa Takeshi , Watanabe Kana , Keii Michio
Published: March 2021

4-story steel-frame office building was designed having approximately a rectangular plan of 50 m × 40 m (span 9.6m, 5 spans × 4 spans) in Osaka, Japan. Here, there is a risk of large-scaled earthquakes (subduction-zone earthquake and local earthquake which occurs directly underneath), and high earthquake resistance performance and flexibility as office building were required. Therefore, we designed rigid-framed structures without a brace inside the building and provided seismic elements in only outside frames. One pair of K-type buckling restraint braces and one viscoelastic damper with K-type steel braces are set up for each outside frame on each floor considering the eccentricity of this building. This viscoelastic damper controls the seismic response by the damping due to the response velocity and restrains the residual deformation of each story by ist elastic component. In addition, the viscoelastic damper functions as a fail-safe by ist hardening under the large deformation, preventing collapse under large-scaled earthquake exceeding assumptions. We show the advantage of this type of building in terms of resilience and redundancy with structural analysis results.
Buildings as bridges: Hangzhou Greenland inter-tower bridge and draped roof
Authors: Mitchell Toby , Chen Jin , Karas Danny
Published: March 2021

The Hangzhou Greenland project consists of two towers connected by a 60m long-span bridge housing a ballroom and outdoor space and a hanging canopy structurally suspended between the two towers that covers the outdoor space. The geometry of the hanging canopy was developed through an intensive collaboration between the architecture and engineering teams, with the result that the structural quantities are minimized, the doubly-curved surface is tiled with faceted flat quadrilateral glazing, and the nodal connections have no geometric torsion. The geometric intricacy of the structure required the development of a tightly integrated digital workflow to allow refinement of the design and communication of design data and intent to the local engineer and architect. A pressure tap wind tunnel study was used to estimate expected wind loads, and performance-based evaluation of glass panel warping and shear was developed. The final design tightly integrates the bridge, tower, and hanging canopy in a fine-tuned whole.
Investigation based management of hinged deck bridges in the UK
Authors: Harris Tony , Owen Richard
Published: March 2021

During the 1960s and 70s, the UK motorway network underwent rapid expansion and a significant number of bridges were constructed within a relatively short timeframe. A novel family of structures was developed incorporating modified Mesnager hinges within their decks. Over one hundred such structures were constructed.

The incorporation of hinge details within bridge decks was seen at the time as being an innovative approach to simplifying the design and standardising details on bridges having a range of span and functional requirements. However, over 50 years later they now represent a significant maintenance challenge to bridge owners as a result of the critical hinge reinforcement being inaccessible for inspection therefore constituting hidden, critical elements. In addition, significant variations in placing and restraining the reinforcement during construction added to their vulnerability to the chloride contaminated water that inevitably seeps through these joints as deck waterproofing breaks down over time.

Highways England funded a research project by the UK Transport Research Laboratory between 2000-2004 that led to the publication of Interim Advice Note 40/01, 51/03 and ultimately Advice Note 93/09 to establish guidelines on how these structures should be managed. This paper will outline how the BA 93/09 approach has been supplemented during the management of the 16 hinge deck structures along the M4 corridor in Wales that are operated by Welsh Government.
Design Quality Management of The New Samuel De Champlain Bridge
Authors: Choi Carol , Duxbury James , Nader Marwan
Published: March 2021

One of the largest bridge projects in North America, the Samuel De Champlain Bridge is a 3.4 km-long viaduct with a signature cable-stayed bridge. The public-private-partnership (P3) project was subject to an accelerated schedule.

A comprehensive ISO 9001 compliant design quality management plan was implemented to ensure that the project was delivered on schedule while meeting the quality objectives. The quality system set the overall framework for major processes during design and construction; this included multiple layers of design reviews and checks, change management, design surveillance, document control, integrated designs, and audits.

This complex project required close collaboration with engineering teams, constructors, stakeholders, and subject-matter experts from around the world. This paper discusses the challenges in setting up and maintaining a unified approach among all entities involved, and how the project was managed by leveraging technologies such as cloud-based project systems, quality training, open lines of communication, and consistent monitoring of processes throughout the course of this fast-tracked project.
Parametrization and BrIM in large infrastructure projects – project study from RV3/25 Norway
Authors: Nessa Kristin , Eggen Trond E. , Jakobsen Svein Erik
Published: March 2021

RV 3/25 is a large infrastructure project consisting of a new 25 km highway in Hedmark County in Norway. The project is organized as a PPP-project and includes 20 concrete bridges and 8 timber glulam arch bridges.

In the project the use of BIM-models and parameterization has been significant and has evolved greatly throughout the project. The work ranged from macro BIM with large coordination models with all disciplines included, to micro BIM-models for bridges including all details needed for construction. For 5 concrete bridges, the BIM-model was the only product delivered to the contractor without producing design or construction drawings.

For the 8 glulam arch bridges in timber, parameterization was employed for establishing both the BIM-models and the analysis models. This was vital to achieving the goal of following the strict design schedule with a small design team. It also proved very valuable in the shaping phase of the bridges. Between 80% and 90% of the objects in the finalized BIM-models were included in the parameterization. The product delivered to the contractor was design drawings, most of which were generated directly from the BIM-model, thus benefiting from its advantages.

The use of BIM has proved to be cost and time-efficient during design. This paper presents the challenges and benefits of using parameterization and BIM in a large infrastructure project with focus on bridge design.
Structural design of Revolving Entrance Doors
Authors: Siebert Barbara , Haese Andreas
Published: March 2021

Revolving entrance doors - usually built as some kind of all glass structure - are part of many publicly accessible buildings. As the architectural demands rise regarding transparency and slenderness of façade members, the entrance doors have to and do go along with these demands. But even if the façade is designed carefully and verified according all relevant standards, the revolving doors are usually considered as a machine, coming with some certificate. This point of view is mostly shared by the manufacturer and the basis for the call for proposals. The certificates provided by the door manufacturer considers the electrical safety, the safety aspects for people handling and using the doors regarding the risk of persons being jammed or hit by the turning door leaves, but not the structural safety of the door system in means of resistance to live, dead, wind or earthquake loads. If we look at the design and verification effort made for standard façade elements, even windows on the one hand, and the different failure consequences for windows and revolving doors on the other hand, it becomes obvious that especially to non-standard and large-scale doors should be paid some attention regarding its structural safety. Below the legal situation of revolving doors is considered in the European context and two quite different examples of revolving doors are discussed regarding their structural assessment.
Restoration of Two Historic Movable Bridges
Authors: Marzella Frank
Published: March 2021

The Murray Morgan Lift Bridge in Tacoma WA was constructed in 1913. In 2007, the bridge was closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic for advanced deterioration of structural systems, mechanical and electrical components. The bridge was scheduled for demolition. In 2010 after acquiring funding, the City of Tacoma awarded a design‐build contract to reconstruct this historic bridge. The restoration work included structural steel strengthening repairs, seismic improvements, roadway deck, and stringer replacement, complete paint system removal/re‐coating, as well as modernization of the antiquated mechanical/electrical systems. Construction was completed 2012 and full legal load traffic was restored.

The Broadway Bridge in Portland OR was constructed in 1912. The bridge is a unique Rall type double leaf bascule and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. After more than 100 years of service, the cast steel Rall wheels and tracks that support the entire weight of the movable spans were severely deteriorated and required replacement. Complex jacking, machining, and updated materials were required to renew these critical components. Construction was completed in 2018.

This paper will summarize the innovative design solutions developed to restore and strengthen these two historic movable bridge structures.
Innovative hybrid GFRP system for bridges and helipads
Authors: Wąchalski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

For the use of popular GFRP composite materials for the construction of considerable-size facilities such as, for instance bridges, it is required to manufacture the finished prefabricated composite units joined together. The various manufactured composite panels are used in bridge decks on the bridges. The panels have system connections and allow them to be quickly assembled. One of the examples are the th-5 panels manufactured by a pultrusion method, used in bridges and helicopter pads. Considering the exceptionally light, fire-resistant and heating bridge deck the composite panel constitutes an attractive alternative for aluminium in helicopter pads and sidewalks for pedestrians and cyclists on bridges. Passenger drones that are expected to be used in the near future will require light-weight landing field structures located on the existing buildings.

The developed author’s innovative system for extending the existing bridges by adding sidewalks for pedestrians and cyclists (Fig.1) is called the “velo-pont” and is based on the use of composite panels. The individually designed click-clack connection is an innovative author’s solution for longitudinal joining of panels. Such solution can successively be used for bridges with a long sidewalk, even several hundred meters long.

The proprietary solution has been examined and tested. A prototype has been made to a real scale. The system solution has been already used in practice for several bridges in Poland.
Risk Management Framework for Mega Bridge Project in Kuwait
Authors: AlSanad Shaikha
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify and assess the degree of impact and likelihood of occurrence of the risk factors on construction mega bridge with Kuwait construction industry. After a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature, a mixed method research approach is utilized involving in-depth interviews and subsequently a structured questionnaire survey. The questionnaires survey was conducted with local stakeholders within the Kuwait construction industry who were employed in both private and government sector and statistical analysis was carried out in order to identify the major project risks. The results suggested that the different groups of organizations responded to the technical risks more than other risks. A significant difference is observed in the perception of the criticality of these factors based on the stakeholder’s level of experience and sector of organization. The correlation test between the risk category groups which indicated that there is a positive relationship between the risk categories’ group variables. The results suggest that there are numerous relationship levels existing in the results of the correlation test. The output results from this study can guide construction stakeholders to distinguish the critical risks associated with mega bridge projects so that they can consequently establish a suitable and comprehensive framework for risk mitigation.
NYC Transit Flood Resiliency: Case Studies of Recently Completed Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Savery Timothy
Published: March 2021

MTA New York City Transit (NYCT) suffered significant damage from Hurricane Sandy in 2012, and hired Arup to design flood mitigation strategies for various system vulnerabilities.

Arup developed innovative permanent solutions to mitigate the various system vulnerabilities identified, including working with specialty fabricators to develop products for these specific purposes in order to provide the required protection of up to 14 feet of flood depth.

These efforts have resulted in innovate, new, purpose driven methods of flood mitigation that were not previously available on the market. These new systems result in dramatically reduced deployment time ahead of a storm event as well as a significant increase in the performance of the mitigation including reduced leakage rates.

This paper reviews various system vulnerabilities present in transit systems and presents case studies for the various mitigation strategies that were developed.
Design of bridges that catalyze city development
Authors: Beade-Pereda Héctor
Published: March 2021

In the process of evolution of cities through time, recovering former industrial or railway related areas about to be absorbed (or already absorbed) by the expanding urban fabric for public use is a natural step in the growth of populated areas and a recurrent design problem for engineers and architects.

The development of these areas almost always requires the design and construction of new infrastructures that improve accessibility, frequently including new bridges. These bridges will generally have the responsibility of being the first designed piece of ambitious and highly expected transformation projects. For this reason, they need be appropriate in two very different scenarios: the long temporary situation (sometimes decades) when they are the only object in the area that meets the design standards of the future development, and the final scenario when bridge and new city should perform as a whole. Successfully responding to the two different contexts and the variable constraints is an exciting challenge for the bridge designers.

This article explores the keys to be considered when designing bridges that allow and catalyze city growth, using three examples of the author’s previous experience.
Influence of water, alkali activators, and curing regime on the workability and compressive strength of the alkali activated mortar
Authors: Gomaa Eslam , Sargon Simon , Kashosi Cedric , Gheni Ahmed , ElGawady Mohamed
Published: March 2021

The effect of the water to fly ash (W/FA), alkali activators to fly ash (Alk/FA), and curing regimes on the workability and compressive strength of the alkali-activated mortar (AAM) was studied. Three high calcium fly ashes (FAs) having different chemical compositions were used. Sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) were used as the alkali activators. The two alkali activators were mixed together at ratio of 1.0. Two curing regimes, elevated heat curing in an electric oven at 70°C for 24 hr and ambient curing at 23 ± 2°C, were applied. The water to fly ash (W/FA) ratios were 0.350, 0.375, and 0.400. However, the alkali activators to fly ash (Alk/FA) ratios were 0.250, 0.275 and 0.300. The results revealed that the workability and the compressive strength of the oven cured specimens were decreased with increasing the calcium content of FA in the mixture. However, the compressive strength of the specimens that cured under the ambient temperature increased with increasing the calcium content. The workability increased with increasing the W/FA and decreasing the Alk/FA. The compressive strength based on both curing regimes decreased with increasing the W/FA. The optimum Alk/FA was 0.275 with W/FA of 0.400.
Ndibeer and Ned Ride Again
Authors: Partridge Karen Mary
Published: March 2021

This article tells a dialogical story and describes a process of mutual learning and embodiment over the course of a long therapeutic relationship. The article maps the development of relationship, between my inner voices, my supervisors and those of my client, where stories of self and other are articulated, elaborated and externalised using the metaphor of a "bundle of treasures".  A self-reflexive process of personal and professional mapping, using the hierarchical model of the Coordinated Management of Meaning, is described.  In a recursive and isomorphic process, supervisory and therapeutic conversations further elaborate these stories, and through joint action, enable the creation of a liminal, reflexive space, a Fifth Province position, a cauldron of creativity where practice-based theory can develop. This process will be illustrated as it arises in the story of relationship and the process of therapy, so this narrative invites the reader to become an active participant in a never-ending process where theory becomes a live metaphor in the quest for being human
El emprendimiento y sus impactos en la economía por la pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Hu Chan Gidalti Abihail , Kumul Xool Citlaly Itzel Guadalupe , Xool May Roussel Ahiezer , Sánchez Limón Mónica Lorena
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de las teorías sobre el emprendimiento y sus impactos en las actividades económicas por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia que se está desarrollando en el mundo actual por COVID-19. Es por ello, que en esta revisión se identifican algunos de esos impactos a través de investigación documental.  Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se recurrió a diversas bases de datos como; Scopus, Emerald, Redalyc, Ebsco, ResearchGate, Google Académico, así también para obtener más información al realizar este artículo se revisaron los datos de la Comisión Económica de América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) para complementar y dar mayor veracidad. Y por último, se concluye a manera de reflexión con algunas recomendaciones dirigidas hacia los emprendimientos de reciente creación.
USES OF COLOURS: IN THEORY & APPLICATION
Authors: Bisht Aekta , Garhwal Srinagar
Published: March 2021

Pigments, colours and mediums are the tools of an artist. Ever since human beings stood upright, freeing their hands, they have been using natural pigments, earth colours and synthetic pigments to record their experiences. If the language is meant to communicate ideas and record events, then art was truly yhe first language.Colour is the most immediate form of non- verbal communication. We naturally react to colour as we have evolved with a certain understanding of it, partly because the survival of our ancestors depended on it with regard to what to consume and avoid. Colour is used to represent thoughts and emotions in a way that no other element of design can, and it can act as an instant attention grabber whether in print, on screen or on a supermarket shelf. As such, colour is an important face og contemporary design. We all, inherently, have preferences that inform our decisions when dealing with colour, and we are subject to all the cultural norms and understandings of colour usage that surround us.