bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Data Breaches to Defense Strategies: A Study of Cybersecurity Information Systems Latest Trends and Future Paradigms
Authors: Biplob Md. Badiuzzaman , Ahsan Kazi Mohammad Moinul , Farabi Al Mohaimin , Konika Mahmuda Samia , Ahmed Arif
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the ever-changing topic of cybersecurity and provides a summary of the most recent developments. In a time of unparalleled digital revolution and changing threat environments, being aware of new trends is essential to managing risks and protecting important assets. To highlight significant advancements in fields like artificial intelligence and machine learning for threat detection, the proliferation of IoT devices and related security challenges, the emergence of quantum-resistant cryptography, the development of zero trust architectures, and the growing significance of cybersecurity awareness and education, the report synthesizes insights from industry experts, academic research, and real-world case studies. The goal of the report's analysis of these patterns is to provide stakeholders with useful information so they may modify their cybersecurity plans and strengthen defenses against new threats. Cybersecurity plays a significant role in the IT industry.
Finding a Published Which Meaningfully Averages The Most Pathalogical Functions
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: September 2024

I want to meaningfully average a pathalogical function (i.e., an everywhere surjective function whose graph has zero Hausdorff measure in its dimension). We do this by taking the most generalized, satisfying extension of the expected value, w.r.t the Hausdorff measure in its dimension, on bounded functions which takes finite values only. As of now, I'm unable to solve this due to limited knowledge of advanced math and most people are too busy to help. Therefore, I'm wondering if anyone knows a research paper which solves my doubts.
Machine Learning Discoveries of Wnt-X Synergy in ETC-1922159 Treated Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Sinha Shriprakash
Published: September 2024

Often, in biology, we are faced with the problem of exploring relevant unknown biological hypotheses in the form of myriads of combinations of factors/genes/proteins that might be affecting the pathway under certain conditions. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells treated with ETC-1922159, many genes were found up and down regu- lated, individually. A recently developed search engine ranked combinations of Wnt-X (X, a particular gene/protein) at 2nd order level after drug administration. These rank- ings reveal which Wnt-X combinations might be working synergistically in CRC. If found true, oncologists can further test the combination of interest in wet lab and deter- mine the mechanism of functioning between the Wnt and X. In this research work, we cover combinations of Wnt with Achaete-scute complex homolog 2 (ASCL2), ATP- binding cassette (ABC) domain transporters, Interleukin (IL), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2) family, exosome (EXOSC), caspase (CASP), TP53 and B-cell lymphoma (BCL) family.
Evaluating the Educational Effectiveness of Radar Systems Laboratory Sessions in the Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Yalcinkaya Bengisu , Benzaghta Mohamed , Coruk Remziye Busra , Kara Ali
Published: September 2024

Introductory courses regarding radar technologies are very popular in undergraduate curriculum of many electrical and electronics engineering departments. Hands-on experience is an essential part for understanding the theoretical concepts given in lectures. In most cases, it is not affordable for universities to acquire experimental radar systems, especially those in developing countries. This paper presents a detailed description of a cost-effective easy-to-deploy radar system laboratory sessions and measures the educational effectiveness of the proposed material. The provided radar models can be used in teaching undergraduate students the working principles of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar systems, as well as assisting graduate students in their research activities. The effectiveness of the laboratory sessions is measured thoroughly via qualitative and quantitative methods based on the proposed learning process and students’ success. The results show that the lab sessions have increased the students' understanding of the topics covered within the course, and the students' general perception is positive.
Beyond Network Switching: FPGA-based Switch Architecture for Fast and Accurate Ensemble Learning
Authors: Meng Jiuxi , Que Zhiqiang , Guo Ce , Luk Wayne
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and generative models have significantly accelerated the evolution of internet services. In data centers, where data is often distributed across multiple machines, leveraging these machines to expedite the training of machine learning applications is common. However, this approach incurs substantial communication overhead. To mitigate this, data compression techniques such as quantization, sparsification, and dimension reduction are gaining attention, especially with iterative training algorithms that frequently exchange gradients. With the advancement of FPGA technology, FPGA-based bump-in-the-wire network interface controllers (smartNICs) have demonstrated notable benefits for data centers, matching ASIC switches in port-to-port latency and capacity. However, FPGA-based switches often have spare hardware resources beyond their switching functions, which are typically wasted. we propose a novel architecture that integrates FPGA-based switches with ensemble learning methods, utilizing these spare resources on FPGA-based network switches. This architecture employs random projection as a compression method to accelerate machine learning tasks while maintaining high accuracy. Our system accelerates the training process for Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) models with a speedup of 2.1-6.7 times across four high-dimensional datasets. In addition, it leverages the Hamming distance metric for k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classification, combining random projection with Hamming encoding, to offload large-scale classification tasks from downstream servers. This achieves a worst-case speedup of 2.3-8.7 times and a memory reduction of 3.9-27.7 times compared to CPU-based kNN classifiers using cosine distance. Our architecture addresses the challenges of high-dimensional data processing and exemplifies the potential of AI-driven solutions in accelerating and optimizing internet services. Moreover, the programmability of FPGAs allows the system to adopt various compression methods, extending its applicability. Offloading tasks to FPGAs can significantly reduce query response times, showcasing a crucial step towards achieving greater levels of autonomic computing and the rapid evolution of internet systems.
Mono- and Binuclear Complexes in a Centrifuge-Less Cloud Point Extraction System for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Zinc(II)
Authors: Gavazov Kiril B. , Racheva Petya V. , Saravanska Antoaneta D. , Genc Fatma , Delchev Vassil B.
Published: September 2024

The hydrophobic reagent 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR) was investigated as part of a cloud point extraction (CPE) system for the spectrophotometric determination of Zn(II). In the system, complexes with different stoichiometries, including 1:1 and 2:2 (Zn:HTAR), are formed. Their ground-state equilibrium geometries were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G level of theory. The obtained structures were then used to calculate vertical excitation energies in order to generate theoretical UV/Vis absorption spectra. The comparison between theoretical and experimental spectra demonstrated that, under optimal conditions, a binuclear complex containing oxygen bridging atoms is the dominant species. The absorbance was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration of Zn(II) within the range of 15.7 to 209 ng mL–1 (R2 = 0.9996). The fraction extracted (%E), logarithm of the conditional extraction constant (log Kex), and molar absorption coefficient (ε) at λmax = 553 nm were calculated to be 98.3%, 15.9, and 4.47 105 L mol–1 cm–1, respectively. The method developed is characterized by simplicity, convenience, profitability, sensitivity, and ecological friendliness. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical and industrial samples.
Examining Physicians’ Approaches to Treating Relatives in Primary Health Care Centers: Insights from a Qualitative Study
Authors: Alhamdan Manal R , Aloudah Nouf M , Alrajhi Saleh
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Family medicine physicians take care of a diverse population of patients with a variety of acute and chronic diseases. These patients include family, friends, and acquaintances who may ask for direct medical care or help in accessing healthcare products and services, within or outside of officially approved procedures. This is ethically challenging due to an ambiguous medical code of ethics, but it is commonly accepted as normal behavior by society. Clinical ethics and the moral code of conduct together define how physicians should deal with such requests. However, Saudi physicians, like most individuals in Saudi society, are governed by the societal code of conduct when dealing with requests and favors from others. The aim of this study is to explore family medicine physicians’ perspectives regarding the benefits, difficulties, and ethics of responding to medical care requests and/or favors from family, relatives, friends, and acquaintances and to make recommendations. Methods: The study sample consisted of junior and senior family medicine physicians working in primary healthcare centers affiliated with the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. Using Social Exchange Theory, this qualitative study explores how family medicine physicians perceive and handle requests for medical favors from family members and others. Results: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 family medicine physicians with clinical experience ranging from 3 to 20 years. Data analysis identified three themes: perceived benefits and costs of cultural and social connectedness, shortcomings in patient management and healthcare systems, and recommendations to address challenges between physicians and patients who are relatives. Discussion and conclusion: The study shows that treating others outside of normal access to healthcare services presents several ethical, moral, and professional challenges. Therefore, policy adaptation requires understanding this intricate dilemma and improving laws, system regulations, and guidelines for physicians and community members to improve access to care, reduce system abuse, empower providers, and enhance community awareness and compliance.
IoT Security Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Authors: Olaoluwa Favour , Potter Kaledio
Published: September 2024

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed various sectors, from smart homes to industrial systems. However, this growth has introduced significant security risks due to the increased attack surface and diverse nature of IoT devices. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of IoT security risks and explores effective mitigation strategies. We first categorize the primary risks associated with IoT, including data breaches, device manipulation, and network vulnerabilities. Using a multi-layered approach, we analyze these risks in different contexts, such as consumer IoT, industrial IoT, and healthcare. The study then reviews existing security frameworks and protocols, highlighting their strengths and limitations. We propose a hybrid mitigation strategy combining encryption, access control, and anomaly detection to enhance IoT security. Furthermore, we discuss the role of regulatory standards and best practices in reinforcing IoT security. The findings underscore the need for a proactive and adaptive security posture to address evolving threats in the IoT landscape.
Negacionismo em rede(s): a cadeia de produção e difusão negacionista da Ditadura Militar nas mãos da extrema direita
Authors: De Sá Gallindo Dora , Cauduro Pureza Fernando
Published: September 2024

O contexto atual é marcado pela operacionalização de conteúdos históricos negacionistas em diversas redes. Neste artigo, resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no Profhistória – UFPB, analisamos a conformação de uma rede negacionista da Ditadura Militar no Brasil, com ênfase nas ações do bolsonarismo na escola e nas mídias digitais. Para isso, utilizamos um relato de experiência docente acerca de uma escola pública da rede municipal de João Pessoa (PB), alvo de manifestações apologéticas da experiência ditatorial ao longo de 2018. Além disso, recorremos à análise de conteúdo de memes negacionistas da ditadura fruto de uma mobilização digital protagonizada pelo deputado federal Eduardo Bolsonaro em suas redes sociais em 2017. Por fim, destacamos como a presença de práticas persecutórias e antidemocráticas nas instituições educacionais abrem brechas para a sedimentação do negacionismo histórico no âmbito escolar.
Os 60 anos do Golpe de 1964 e os horizontes possíveis para um ensino de História comprometido com o Nunca Mais
Authors: Gasparotto Alessandra , Carvalho Alessandra , Nunes Soares Thiago
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo busca pontuar alguns elementos acerca das formas como tem se constituído o ensino de História sobre o Golpe de 1964 e a ditadura no Brasil. Partindo de algumas reflexões acerca do tempo presente, marcado tanto pela efeméride dos 60 anos do Golpe quanto pela reprodução de discursos negacionistas, trata de problematizar como se configura a abordagem de tais temas na Educação Básica. O trabalho também apresenta e dialoga com os textos que compõem o dossiê O ensino de História e os 60 anos do Golpe de 1964: o que temos aprendido e ensinado? Entre esses textos, destaca-se o que homenageia o Professor Enrique Serra Padrós, uma das principais referências nos estudos sobre a ditadura no Brasil e um professor profundamente dedicado a educar para o Nunca Mais.
The Impact of Education and Training on the Creative Performance of Public Servants in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Mediating Role of Work Commitment
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Djaffar Rahmawaty , Husni M. Fahrul , Rustam Muhammad , Hatma Ramli , Anshar Muhammad Ashary
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the relationship between education and training and the creative performance of civil servants in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the mediating role of work commitment. Using a sample of 115 civil servants covering various ages, genders, education levels, and working periods, this study revealed that education and training significantly increase work commitment and creative performance. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of work commitment mediation, which has not been widely explored in the context of civil servants in Indonesia.  The findings suggest that work commitment significantly mediates education and training with creative performance, indicating that effective education and training programs must embrace aspects that support work commitment development. In terms of uniqueness, this study highlights the importance of education and training in facilitating work commitment as a catalyst for creative performance. This approach is rarely integrated with public sector human resource development models. This research benefits practitioners and policymakers in improving the effectiveness of education and training programs. Public sector organizations can develop a more holistic strategy focusing on skill development and strengthening employees' emotional bond with their organization by understanding the importance of work commitment in supporting creative performance. This research contributes to the human resource management literature by offering a new framework to optimize the creative potential of civil servants, thereby providing insights for improving public services in Indonesia.
Changes in the Prevalence of Malnutrition and Obesity of Children from North Korean Refugee Families in South Korea: Three Repeated Surveys from 2017 to 2023
Authors: Choi Seong-Woo , Kim So-Yeong
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study evaluated changes in the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity of children from North Korean refugee (NKR) families who settled in South Korea (SK).Methods: A baseline survey was conducted on 517 children under the age of 13 whose parents were NKR from 2017 to 2021 through NGOs. The second survey was conducted on 262 at least one year after the baseline survey, and the third survey was conducted on 112 children. Changes in the prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and obesity were evaluated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart for Children and Adolescents. For comparison between surveys, the McNemar test was used.Results: The prevalence of stunting was 6.8% in baseline survey, 5.4% in the second survey, and 7.1% in the third survey. The prevalence of underweight was 6.0%, 7.8%, and 7.1%, and the prevalence of wasting was 7.2%, 8.9%, and 8.0%, respectively. These changes were not statistically significant. However, the prevalence of obesity significantly increased to 13.4%, 14.1%, and 17.9%, respectively (p= 0.042).Conclusions: Although children from NKR families have settled in SK for a long time, the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting does not change, but the prevalence of obesity continues to increase.
The Development of a Physical Literacy Instrument for Rural Elderly
Authors: Park Jin-Yeong , Kim Ji-Youn , Seo Ae-Rim , Park Ki-Soo
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study aims to develop a questionnaire to assess physical literacy, including the ability to engage in physical activities, confidence, knowledge, and motivation, among elderly individuals in rural South Korea.Methods: A literature review and interviews with rural elderly individuals were conducted to develop the questionnaire. To evaluate reliability and validity, 260 elderly individuals aged 65 and above were recruited using snowball sampling. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, while construct and criterion validity were evaluated through exploratory factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: The developed physical literacy questionnaire consisted of 20 items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors based on an eigenvalue of 1.0: motivation (7 items), physical competence (2 items), confidence (3 items), and knowledge and understanding (8 items). Analysis results showed that for each unit increase in motivation scores, the likelihood of engaging in physical activity increased by 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-3.30). Similarly, it increased by 1.46 (95% CI, 1.17-1.81) for physical competence, 1.41 (95% CI, 1.06-1.87) for confidence, and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.09-2.03) for knowledge and understanding. The cronbach’s alpha for the overall internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was 0.94.Conclusions: This study developed the questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing physical literacy among rural elderly individuals and can help identify their tendencies and abilities to maintain an active lifestyle in old age.
Neuromuscular Choristoma of the Brachial Plexus Presenting as a Supraclavicular Mass in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: DeFoor Mikalyn T , Gaviria Manuela , Lopuch Andrew , Kao Erica , Sabbag Casey M
Published: September 2024

Case:

This case demonstrates a 2-year-old boy with a rare benign supraclavicular mass diagnosed as neuromuscular choristoma through open biopsy. Postoperatively, he underwent semiannual surveillance with ultrasound without development of neurological complaints, limb deformity, or recurrence at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Neuromuscular choristoma involving the brachial plexus is a rare tumor that should be in the differential diagnosis of pediatric peripheral nerve-based tumors. The intimate association with neural elements limits complete resection. Therefore, open biopsy with partial resection is recommended. While postoperative fibromatosis may occur, open biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Ultrasound can be used to monitor recurrence.
Custom Capitellum Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Stroh Patrick W. , Probasco William V.
Published: September 2024

Isolated capitellum fractures are rare, and for the most complex comminuted fractures, treatment options are significantly limited. This article describes a case where a custom capitellum implant can be utilized to treat complex fractures to try to preserve patient function and help optimize outcomes.
Pro-Sosyal ve Pro-Aktif Çalışma Davranışının İşe Adanmışlık Üzerine Etkisi: Otel Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması
Authors: Taşlıyan Mustafa , Yeşil Salih , Özbağış Ayşegül , Gökyar Ayşe
Published: September 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, pro-sosyal motivasyonun işe adanmışlık ve pro-aktif çalışma davranışı ve işe adanmışlığın pro-aktif çalışma davranışı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın evrenini Antalya’nın Manavgat ilçesinde bir otel zincirine bağlı 6 işletmede çalışan personel oluşturmaktadır. Belirlenen 6 otelin çalışanlarına uygulanan anket ile araştırmaya ilişkin veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi 310 olup elde edilen veriler SMART PLS3 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçeklerin güvenilirlikleri ve geçerlilikleri test edilmiş olup, araştırma modelinde belirtilen hipotezleri test etmek için ölçeklerin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri, ayrışım geçerliliğine yönelik HTMT kriteri, korelasyon, faktör analizi, model uyum iyiliği değerleri ile analiz sonuçlarına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde, araştırma modelinin test edilmesi sonucunda; pro-sosyal motivasyonun, işe adanmışlık boyutları olan dinçliği pozitif yönde etkilerken, adanmışlığı ve özümsemeyi etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Pro-sosyal motivasyonun, problem önlemeyi, bireysel yenilikçiliği ve dile getirmeyi pozitif yönde etkilediği ancak sorumluluk almayı etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen diğer hipotezler, elde edilen verilerin analiz sonuçlarına göre; pro-aktif çalışma davranışının, özümseme ve adanmışlığı pozitif yönde etkilerken, dinçliği etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Bireysel yenilikçiliğin, dinçliği pozitif yönde etkilerken, adanmışlık ve özümsemeyi etkilemediği gözlenmiştir. Sorumluluk alma boyutunun ise dinçliği, işe adanmışlığı ve özümsemeyi etkilemediği gözlenmiştir. Son olarak dile getirme boyutunun dinçliği, adanmışlığı ve özümsemeyi etkilemediği gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar teorik ve uygulama kapsamında tartışılmıştır.
Grassroots Development in Nigeria
Authors: Ghufrony Fara Kamilah
Published: September 2024

This research explores the implications of the Grassroots Development Theory in shaping development policy in Nigeria. The study identifies key challenges including economic inequality, corruption, regional disparities, and social conflicts that hinder inclusive and sustainable development in the country. The primary aim is to analyze the practical application of Grassroots Development Theory in addressing these challenges and promoting holistic development. To achieve this, a descriptive qualitative research method is employed, involving an extensive literature review encompassing scientific journals, books, research reports, government policies, and relevant literature sources. The findings of this study shed light on the potential of Grassroots Development Theory to guide policy formulation for more inclusive and equitable development in Nigeria.The research concludes that a deep understanding of these challenges and a commitment to addressing them collectively are essential for Nigeria to achieve inclusive, sustainable, and peaceful development for its entire population. The study recommends further research focusing on concrete impacts, comparative analysis with similar nations, participatory research to understand local perspectives, and policy analysis, particularly in the areas of education and grassroots skill development.
Islamic Diplomacy and the Palestinian Quest for Peace and Independence: An Analytical Perspective
Authors: Candra Rudi , Mubarok Sofi
Published: September 2024

The Israeli occupation of Palestine is a stain and a black mark on the life of inter-state and international relations in this century. Independence for all nations and countries seems like an impossibility; the UN, as an international institution established to create peace and justice for the world's nations, has failed to fulfill its function. The UN Security Council, responsible for maintaining security, has not offered protection to the Palestinian people. Instead, it has permitted Israel to commit massacres and war crimes against countless lives without reprimand or justice. Similarly, countries around the world seem powerless, able only to condemn without the strength to intervene or stop the situation. This article is written as an effort to explore the opportunities and challenges for the Palestinian state in achieving peace and independence within the realm of international diplomacy. The approach used is based on concepts of Islamic diplomacy, whose main objective is to maintain and create peace among different religious communities and humanity as a whole. This research employs a qualitative methodology with direct fieldwork. The researcher traveled to countries adjacent to Palestine and Israel, including Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and also Indonesia. Although Indonesia is far away, its uniqueness as a predominantly Muslim nation creates an emotional and political affinity with the Palestinian cause. The research results indicate that the primary challenge for Palestinian independence diplomacy is the lack of unity among Arab countries when confronting Israeli and American diplomacy. Most nations prioritize their own national interests over providing direct support for Palestinian diplomacy and independence.
Uma Metodologia Inovadora para Intervenção em Saúde Mental a partir da Percepção de Dependentes Químicos sobre a Recuperação e a Importância da Reinserção Social
Authors: Faria Lopes dos Santos Oliveira Livia
Published: September 2024

Em virtude da alta relevância dos problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas no início do Século XXI, e com base no elevado índice de abandono do tratamento, além das possibilidades elevadas de recaída, este estudo, no campo da Psicologia Social, objetivou analisar a percepção do dependente químico em relação ao conceito de recuperação, com vistas a basear nova metodologia para intervenção em saúde mental. Para tal, foram consideradas a singularidade dos participantes do estudo, e sessões de Terapia Comunitária Integrativa Sistêmica (TCI) a fim de obter e proporcionar maior entendimento sobre realidade, de uma forma que a própria compreensão do conceito de recuperação por parte dos pacientes possa colaborar nas ações que busquem maior eficácia à meta última do tratamento, que é a recuperação. A população estudada foi composta de vinte e cinco participantes do sexo masculino, com idade a partir de 20 anos, acolhidos em unidade de reabilitação nos moldes de Comunidade Terapêutica para dependentes químicos. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o espaço terapêutico propiciado pela TCI pode contribuir para reflexões entre pares que levem à recuperação, vista como transformadora de comportamentos, e que esta recuperação depende de uma linha de cuidados para sua manutenção.
Temporal point-by-point arbitrary waveform synthesis beyond tera sample per second
Authors: Yao Jianping , Guan Yiran , Wang Guangying , Zhi Yanyan , Chen Jingxu , Li Lingzhi , Zhang Jiejun
Published: September 2024

Arbitrary waveform synthesizers play an essential role in modern information technology, yet electronic synthesizers face limitations due to the speed of analog-to-digital converters, typically in the range of tens to hundreds of giga samples per second (GSa/s). While photonic-assisted waveform synthesizers show promise in surpassing this ceiling, but the system reconfigurability remains a challenge. Here, we propose and demonstrate a temporal point-by-point arbitrary waveform synthesizer with a sampling rate beyond tera sample per second (TSa/s), leveraging an optical temporal Vernier caliper in the photonic synthetic dimension. The temporal Vernier caliper, consisting of a mode-locked laser (MLL) and a fiber loop, utilizes a slight detuning between the optical pulse period of the MLL and the round-trip time delay of the loop to control the sampling rate of a synthesized waveform with high flexibility. The amplitude of each sampling point is manipulated at a low speed corresponding to the reciprocal of the pulse period, thus massive point-by-point waveform synthesis can be achieved with full reconfigurability. In the experiment, arbitrary waveforms with widely tunable sampling rates from 5 GSa/s to 1 TSa/s are synthesized, which is an order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art electronic counterparts. To show the capability of massive point-by-point synthesis, communication signals for high-speed wireless communications and linearly chirped microwave waveforms for high-resolution multi-target detection are synthesized. The capabilities of tunable sampling rate and massive point-by-point synthesis make the temporal Vernier caliper a universal solution for high-speed microwave sources, offering significant promise for broad applications requiring high-speed signal sources.
In-depth Analysis of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Samples: Carbohydrates, Enzymes, Heavy Metals, Hydrogen Peroxide Levels, and Lipid Peroxidation under Diverse Storage and Cooking Conditions
Authors: Heidarizadeh Fariba , Goldson-Barnaby Andrea , Fartoosi Zeinab , Kolahi Maryam
Published: September 2024

This study meticulously explored the phytochemical and nutritional variations in carrots (Daucus carota L.) under various storage and cooking methods. The investigation focused on carbohydrates, enzymes, hydrogen peroxide levels, lipid peroxidation, and specific heavy metal concentrations. The findings, which were unveiled with great significance, revealed that cooking had a profound impact on the carbohydrate content, particularly in raw carrots stored under refrigeration or freezing. Moreover, cooking significantly altered enzyme activities, notably reducing peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, glucose oxidase, and amylase. Proline levels decreased with cooking, while hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels increased. In contrast, freezing increased proline content. Cooked carrots experienced the highest mineral loss, followed by steamed samples. Notably, heavy metals in carrot tissues were not effectively eliminated through cooking. This study's conclusions underscore the urgent need for pollution management in carrot cultivation, harvesting, and storage due to the vegetable's tendency to accumulate heavy metals. These insights are crucial for making informed dietary choices and ensuring food safety.
Effect of different zeolite incorporation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol
Authors: Chavan Shreenivas G. , Kariduraganavar Mahadevappa Y.
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the development of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes incorporating bentonite (BNT), montmorillonite (MMT), and zeolite-A (ZEO-A). The physicochemical properties of the resulting membranes were analysed using techniques such as FT-IR, WXRD, TGA, and DSC. Before subjecting the membranes to pervaporation studies, sorption studies were conducted in various water-isopropanol compositions. The influence of different zeolites on pervaporation performance was systematically investigated for water-isopropanol mixture separation at varying temperatures. Among the membranes, the ZEO-A incorporated membrane exhibited the highest separation factor of 382, with a flux of 6.459×10− 2 kg m− 2 h− 1 for 10 mass% water in the feed. The total flux and water flux overlapped, suggesting effective breaking of the water/isopropanol azeotropic point. The activation energy for water permeation (Epw) was significantly lower than that of isopropanol (EpIPA), indicating superior separation ability of the ZEO-A incorporated PVA-TEOS membrane, particularly in isopropanol dehydration. Moreover, the negative heat of sorption (∆Hs) for all membranes suggested dominance of Langmuir's sorption mode.
Research on characterization methods for the anti-sagging performance of polyethylene
Authors: Wang Jingfan , Jin Yucheng , Zhuang Liqi , He Ruiheng , Zhao Shicheng
Published: September 2024

The quality of anti-sagging performance directly influences the application scope of bimodal polyethylene. Although research exists on the characterization methods of anti-sagging performance in bimodal polyethylene, few studies have indicated which testing methods can most accurately characterize this property. This study compares different testing indicators, including melt flow index, melt strength, rheological behavior, molecular weight, and entanglement of molecular chains, to identify the most precise ones for characterizing the anti-sagging performance of polyethylene. A comprehensive analysis combining the properties of the test materials and the test results indicates that zero shear viscosity and relaxation time can effectively characterize the anti-sagging resistance properties of polyethylene. In contract, melt flow index, melt strength, and entanglement of molecular chains are inadequate for accurately characterizing anti-sagging performance. This study will provide an effective and accurate method for characterizing the modification of anti-sagging performance of polyethylene.
Characterization of Nano-decorated L. Lactis as a putative Theranostic Agent
Authors: Caldo Davide , Vighetto Veronica , Scutera Sara , Musso Tiziana , Cauda Valentina
Published: September 2024

Background. Lactococcus lactis has a long history of safe food and pharmaceutical applications. Its non-pathogenic nature and presence in the human microbiome also make it a promising candidate for theranostic applications. Nanoparticle coating offers a means to equip bacteria with spatial-temporal manipulation capability, cargo release control, and life cycle modulation by exogenous signals such as ultrasounds. Surprisingly, scientific literature lacks any reference data concerning L. lactis-based platforms.
Methods. Lipid-shelled, iron-doped zinc nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were generated. Bacteria and nanoparticle cultures with and without ultrasound stimulation were studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy and optical densitometry viability assays.
Results. Bacterial growth curve was unaffected by nanoparticles concentrations up to 100 µg/ml at 48 hours, nor by applying ultrasound energies of 1 MHz frequency, 0.9 W/cm2 acoustic density and 2-minute exposure.
Conclusions. Lipid-shelled ZnO-NPs are well tolerated by L. lactis and can be co-localized with bacteria in due time. L. lactis resist to ultrasound stimulations, even when in presence with NPs with energies sufficient to reach deep tissues in humans that would result in eukaryotic cell apoptosis. Our findings provide strong support for the validity of this approach in a variety of fields and set useful protocols for researchers. We discuss limitations and future research towards theranostic applications.
The mediating effects of Mindful Self-care and Nurses’ Perceived Professional Benefits on the relationship between Compassion Satisfaction and Burnout of Chinese Oncology Nurses: a cross sectional study
Authors: Shi Yan , Hu Jing , Hu Yanli , Liu Lamei , Chen Jing , Xu Yan , Zhu Di
Published: September 2024

Background Oncology nurses experience more stress than other unit which can lead to burnout. Burnout can infect oncology nurses’ caring behavior of empathy-based care and change their well-being. Many researches demonstrates the potential associations between compassion satisfaction, mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits and burnout. This study aimed to explore the mediation role of satisfaction, mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits on the relationships between compassion satisfaction and burnout. Methods An online anonymous cross-sectional survey of 301 oncology nurses was conducted from May to April 2023. The survey was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist. The subjects were given the general demographic information questionnaire, professional quality of life scale, brief mindful self-care scale and brief nurses’ perceived professional benefits questionnaire. The data was processed by SPSS and AMOS. The descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and the bootstrap method were used. Results 285 valid questionnaires were obtained. The correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between compassion satisfaction, mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits and burnout(r=-0.700-0.743, P < 0.001). Mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits partially mediated the relationship between compassion satisfaction and burnout. Mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits played a chain mediating role between compassion satisfaction and burnout. Conclusions The underlying mechanism can explain the relationships between compassion satisfaction and burnout: a direct predictor and an indirect effect through mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits. Nursing manager should pay more attention to the importance of compassion satisfaction and construct tailored strategies for improving burnout depending on mindful self-care and nurses’ perceived professional benefits.
Privacy-Preserving Federated Transfer Learning for Multi-Class Few-Shot Classification
Authors: Chunduru Sri Abhijit , Y Annie Jerusha , P Syed Ibrahim S , Varadharajan Vijay
Published: September 2024

Federated learning (FL) is a potential method for training machine learning models that aims to minimize the sharing of data to maximize privacy and performance. However, constructing efficient FL-Network Intrusion Detection Systems(NIDS) requires a substantial quantity of varied training data. Identifying rare attack classes with few shots presents a growing obstacle in this domain, and their detection is a pressing concern. This research proposes a novel FL framework to address the problem by decreasing false alarm rates for unseen attack classes and enhancing the detection of rare classes with a few shots by adaptive personalized layers in FL at the client end. The proposed model employs transfer learning to detect zero-day attacks by gathering tailored client gradients and updating the global model on the server side after observing many rounds of new shots. This strategy aims to disseminate knowledge about rare attack classes to all clients by employing a global model on the server within the federated ecosystem. More precisely, this study has accomplished two significant feats: (i) showcasing the enhancement of identifying rare attack classes and (ii) detecting zero-day attacks in a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) environment by conducting experiments in different scenarios. We thoroughly assessed our proposed approach using the CSE-CICIDS-2018 dataset across several class distribution scenarios. The results exhibit strong performance in identifying and managing novel and rare attack classes compared to current models.
Burden of Autoimmune Diseases on Psychological Wellbeing
Authors: Besar Marwa A , Soliman Amir , Abulatta Youssef , Hussein Mohamed , Abdelhadi Mahmoud , khaled Omnia , hamza Sabrien
Published: September 2024

Background
Patients with autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erethymatosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Psoriasis and Scleroderma) are prone to psychiatric conditions where psychosis and schizophrenia were the most common psychiatric associated with autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanism of this association is still unknown but may be related to elevated inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune patients.
Objective: to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases .
Results: the study showed that the most frequent psychiatric disorders in RA patients were panic attack 61.3%, social anxiety 54.5%, major depressive disorder 51.3%, obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD)47.6%, social troubles 44% and delusion 43.2%. While panic attacks 55.2%, Delusion 54.3%, Major depressive disorder 51.3%, OCD 50%, social anxiety 47.4% are the most common psychiatric manifestation among SLE patients. Bechet’s disease is associated with delusion 66.7%, social troubles 65.2%, major depressive disorder 65.2%, panic attacks 65.2%, OCD 60.9% and social troubles 56.5%. Panic attacks78.6%, major depressive illness 57.1%, social troubles 57.1% and GAD 50% are the commonest psychiatric manifestation among ankylosing spondylitis patients while social anxiety 75%, panic attack 62.5%, OCD 50% and major depressive disorder 50% are the commonest in primary systemic vacuities. All scleroderma patients had panic attacks 100%, major depressive disorder 75%, social anxiety 75% and OCD 75%. Other psychiatric disorders as suicidal tendency, dysthymia, hypomania and anorexia nervosa were less common in all studied groups.
Conclusion
there is a high prevalence of psychological disorders (as panic attack, social anxiety and major depressive disorder), among patients with autoimmune diseases, so frequent screening about these psychiatric disorders is recommended.
Biocompatible Elastomeric Transistors for Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Oh Jin Young , Jung Kyu Ho , Hyun Jiyu , Koo Yong Sung , Jeong Min Woo , Nam Tea Uk , Vo Ngoc Thanh Phuong , An Jiseon , Yang Juan , Bhang Suk Ho , Yoon Jeong-Kee
Published: September 2024

Implantable bioelectronics transforms the interface between electronics and biological systems, enabling continuous in situ monitoring and modulation of electrophysiological signals. A critical challenge remains in the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electronic components and soft biological tissues, which can lead to tissue damage and inflammation. Additionally, the low biocompatibility of existing soft electronic components exacerbates these issues. Here, we present biocompatible, elastomeric organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) designed for implantable applications. These OFETs utilize a blend of semiconducting nanofibers and medical-grade elastomers, such as poly[(dithiophene)-alt-(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-bis(thienyl)-diketopyrrolopyrrole)] (DPPT-TT) and bromo butyl rubber (BIIR), respectively. This composite film exhibits exceptional mechanical stretchability and biocompatibility with similar Young’s modulus with human tissues, maintaining high electrical performance even under 50% strain. In addition, the integration of biocompatible dual-layer Ag-Au metallization results in robust, stretchable, and corrosion-resistant electrodes. In vitro assessments with human dermal fibroblasts and macrophages confirmed the biocompatibility of the materials, showing no adverse effects on cell viability, proliferation, or migration. In vivo implantation studies in BALB/C mice revealed no significant inflammatory response or tissue damage, underscoring the potential for long-term biointegration. Our biocompatible and stretchable OFETs demonstrated stable operation in logic circuits, including inverters, NOR, and NAND gates under physiological conditions, offering a promising platform for various medical applications, from diagnostics to therapeutic interventions.
Highly Tunable Flexible AgCu/Cotton Pressure Sensor using Surface Morphological Engineering for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Zheng Jiaojiao , Cao Tianyu , Wang Jianxiao , Xu Wenhao , Qu Yihan , Wang Jiafen , Wu Yunlong , Song Yanyan , He Lizhong , Chen Xudong , Yang Jie , Qu Yinhu
Published: September 2024

Engineering the active layer of pressure sensors with micro-nano structures is increasingly important in improving their sensing properties, such as sensitivity and detection range. However, existing structures based on template methods continue to face manufacturing challenges and unpredictable structures, making it difficult to optimize sensing performance. To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this study proposes highly tunable metallic silver copper micro-nano structures adapted on cotton fabric (AgCu/cotton) to adjust the interfacial contact sites and optimize the sensing properties. The shape, size, and distribution of the metallic AgCu are preciously regulated, and various distinctive morphologies including two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets stacking, three-dimensional (3D) irregular protrusions, and nanoparticles aggregation were obtained. Specifically, the 3D irregular protrusions exhibit gradient protrusions of varying heights and shapes (nanosheets, nanoparticles, and so on), encouraging multiple deformations and enhanced interfacial contact sites. While the hierarchical porous structure of cotton fabric enhances structural compressibility. Collectively, the synergistic results of the 3D irregular protrusions and the hierarchical porous structure allow for a high sensitivity (117 kPa-1), a quick response time (500 ms), and outstanding stability (2000 cycles). These excellent sensing properties enable the pressure sensor to be successfully applied in joint movement detection and swallowing recognition. The discovery could pave the way for a more cost-effective and widespread approach to a controlled and improved piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Development of plant-based antimicrobial cellulosic fabrics
Authors: M. Naseera S. , R Prabha , R. Saminathan , V. Rameshbabu
Published: September 2024

This paper details the assessment and evaluation of eight medicinal plants, found in Tamil Nadu, India, in order to develop indigenous antimicrobial fabrics for use in healthcare and home textile sectors. Qualitative phytochemical examination of the plant extracts and subsequent testing against common microbes (both gram-positive and gram-negative) was used to rate the effectiveness of solvent. Additionally, antioxidant activity (by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay) was studied using ascorbic acid as reference standard. Antimicrobial actuators such as alkaloids, terpenoids, phenol, and tannin were the secondary metabolites identified by phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts. Methanol extracts of B. variegata, C. quadrangularis, and S. torvum demonstrated good antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus. In terms of percentage inhibition, the antioxidant activity for the methanol extract fractions was almost identical to that of the reference. Antibacterial evaluation of cellulosic fabrics (cotton, bamboo and 50/50 bamboo-cotton) finished by pad-dry-cure method with above plant extracts revealed inhibitory zones ranging from 23mm to 32mm following EN ISO 20645 standards against E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The findings indicate that the identified plant extracts could be employed to develop indigenous biomedical and home textile products after process optimization and field trials.