bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-Sağlık ve Güvenlik: Riskler, Fırsatlar ve Çözüm Önerileri
Authors: Çoban Çiğdem , Tüysüz Mehmet Fatih
Published: December 2019

E-Sağlık; bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin (BİT) sağladığı olanakların, hastalıkların teşhis ve tedavi edilmesi, sağlık hizmetlerine erişilebilirliğin arttırılması, sağlık sektöründe yer alan tüm paydaşlara kaliteli, verimli ve etkili sağlık hizmetlerin sunulması için kullanılmasıdır. E-Sağlık, sağlık hizmetlerini geliştiren ve kolaylaştıran avantajlara sahip olmasına rağmen, Elektronik Hasta Kayıtlarına (EHR) yetkisiz erişim, tıbbi verilerin gizliliği ve bütünlüğüne saldırı, sistem ve internet güvenliği sorunları gibi birçok güvenlik ve gizlilik sorunuyla karşı karşıyadır. Bu sorunlar, e-Sağlık sistemlerinin düzgün çalışmasını engelleyebilir ve sistem kullanıcılarına (hasta, doktor vs.) hatalı, eksik ve yanlış bilgiler verilmesine sebep olabilir. Bu durum tıbbi veri güvenliği için tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle e-Sağlık sistemlerinde güvenlik konusunun değerlendirilmesi büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, e-Sağlıkta güvenlik konusu bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri çerçevesinde ele alınmış, olası riskler ve fırsatlar göz önüne alınarak literatürde yapılan çalışmalar irdelenmiş ve gelecekte yapılması gereken öneriler okuyucuya sunulmuştur.
Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Arazi Seçimi: Tuğla Fabrikası Toprak Tedariği Örneği
Authors: Alakaş Hacı Mehmet , Yıldız Nurettin , Şeker Ömer
Published: December 2019

Tuğla fabrikalarının üretimde kullandıkları en önemli hammadde kil oranı yüksek topraktır. Şirketler maliyetlerini azaltmak için hammadde tedariğinde en uygun araziyi bulmayı hedeflemektedirler. Bu çalışmada tuğla fabrikasına hammadde tedariği için arazi seçiminde kullanılabilecek kriterler ve alt kriterler uzman kişilerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen kriterlerin ağırlıklarını belirlemek amacıyla da çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemlerinden biri olan Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi(AHP) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler Ankara’da bulunan bir tuğla fabrikasından elde edilmiştir ve alternatif araziler belirlenmiştir. AHP yönteminde tespit edilen kriter ve alt kriterlerin ağırlıkları TOPSIS yönteminde kullanılarak en iyi alternatif belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen alternatifler sıralanarak hangi alternatifin önce tercih edilmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tuğla fa21/10/2019 tarihinde site üzerinden 400 tl ödeme yapılmıştır.brikaları için arazi seçiminde yol gösterecek bir yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Bu alanda ilk defa çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemleri ile bir çalışma yapılmıştır.
Coğrafi İşaretli Ürün Seçimi İçin Belirlenen Kriterlerin Çok Ölçütlü Karar Verme Yöntemi ile Ağırlıklandırılması
Authors: Cürebal Ahmet , Eren Tamer
Published: December 2019

Coğrafi işaretler bir bölgeye atfedilen, özel ürünlerdir. Bu ürünler; üretimleri veya mevcudiyetleri sınırlı bir bölgede olduğu için, muadillerinden daha değerlidir. Coğrafi işaretli ürün belirleme süreci belirli kriterlere göre yapılmaktadır. Uygulanan bu süreç için belirlenen kriterlerin ağırlıkları önemsenmemektedir. Kriterlerin ağırlıkları önemsenmediği için, ürünlerin sağlayabileceği olası katma değerin daha düşük olması muhtemeldir. Kriterlerin içerisinde tüketici talebi ile ilgisi olan kriterlerin diğer kriterlere göre daha önemli olduğu durumlarda, ürünün getireceği katma değer artacaktır. Bu doğrultuda yürütülen çalışma neticesinde, müşteri taleplerine cevap vererek müşteri memnuniyetinin arttırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaca ek olarak ürünün sağlayacağı fayda da üreticiyi kalkındıracak ve sonuç olarak ürünün sürekliliği sağlanmış olacaktır.
Modeling and Control of Irrigation Systems: A Short Survey and Future Directions
Authors: Cetin Meric , Beyhan Selami
Published: December 2019

Modeling and control of irrigation systems has importance for the yield of the crops and especially, saving the water sources has prominent importance for the world. In this paper, recent modeling and control methods for the irrigation systems are surveyed for the future applications. Even though a mathematical model is constructed for the amount of water in soil, there are too many unpredictable disturbances on the irrigation systems so that the mathematical model cannot be exact. Therefore, the accuracy of the literature control methods is less than expected results. As a solution, the unknown model-based control methods and also accurate prediction methods are going to be promising approaches for irrigation systems in future.
Diagnostic Classification of Cervical Cell Images from Pap Smear Slides
Authors: Talo Muhammed
Published: December 2019

Analysis of pap smear images under a microscope by experts is a laborious and time consuming task. Computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) systems can simplify this tedious process and allow experts to focus on more critical cases. Effective screening and early diagnosis can help to detect precancerous cells and allow early treatment. In this study, we have used a deep learning approach for classification of cervical cell images which obtained from pap smear slides. The proposed method automatically classifies cervical cell images into five categories without using any pre-processing on raw input images. We have obtained the promising results as compared to the previous studies in the literature. The proposed model can give a second opinion to clinicians in their daily routines and help them to focus on more complex cases.
Fotovoltaik Panellerde Verim İyileştirme Yöntemleri
Authors: Karakaya Hakan , Şen İzzettin Enes
Published: December 2019

Günümüzde artan nüfus miktarı beraberinde sanayileşme kentleşme ve beraberinde enerjiye olan talebi artırmıştır. Fosil yakıtların yanı sıra kullanılan temiz sürdürülebilir enerji kaynakları arasında yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olan güneş enerjisinin önemi git gite artmaktadır. Güneş enerjisiden elektrik enerjisi üretmenin yollarından bir tanesi fotovoltaik panel kullanımıdır. Elektrik enerjisi üretiminde günümüzde maksimum %24 değerlerinde bir verimle güneşten gelen radyasyonun bir kısmını elektrik enerjisine çevrilebilir. Kullanılan bu enerjinin verimli olması yapılan yatırım ve geri dönüş için önem arz etmektedir. Araştırmacılar tarafından panel verimliliğinin artırılması için yüzey soğutma, yarı iletken malzeme değiştirilmesi, optimum açı yakalama, güneş takip sistemleri vb. çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmalar sonucunda fotovoltaik panellere göre %47'e kadar verim artışı sağlanmıştır. Fakat verim artışının yanında maliyet artışı irdelenmesi önem arz etmektedir.
Türkiye’de Sürücü Hatalarına Bağlı Trafik Kaza Nedenlerinin Birliktelik Kuralları ile Analizi
Authors: Kuyumcu Zeliha Çağla , Aslan Hakan
Published: December 2019

Tüm dünyadaki ölüm nedenleri arasında trafik kazaları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Trafik kazası nedenli ölüm oranlarını azaltmak için dünyada ve ülkemizde önemli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, trafik kazalarına neden olan unsurlar araştırılarak, veri madenciliği tekniklerinden olan birliktelik analizi ile bu nedenler arasında çeşitli ilişkiler kurulmuş ve kazaları azaltıcı önlemlere yönelik sonuçlar elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğünden elde edilip çalışmada kullanılan trafik kaza verilerinde trafik kazaları; insan hataları (sürücü, yaya ya da yolcu) ile taşıt ve yol kusurlarından oluşmaktadır. Analiz sürecinde 2000-2017 yılları arasında gerçekleşen trafik kazaları incelenmiş olup, trafik kaza tutanaklarında farklı şekillerde anlatılan ve kaydedilen aynı tür hatalar tek başlıklara indirgenerek veriler düzenlenmiş ve sonrasında veri madenciliği ile analiz edilmiştir.
Alüviyal Ortamda Derin Kazı Problemi
Authors: Ozocak Aşkın , Sert Sedat , Bol Ertan
Published: December 2019

The basement needs that emerged in the city centers have led to a more frequent encounter with deep excavation problems, which is one of the important issues of Geotechnical Engineering. This situation requires additional care and experience for soil and rock environments especially in deep excavations where different shear resistance parameters can be mobilized both in the short term and in the long term. In this paper, the stages of soil investigation, analysis, manufacturing and measured deformation were evaluated within the scope of the deep excavation planned and carried out in Adapazari city center. Following the excavation and filling phase at a depth of 4 m following the construction of the secant piles, the deformation readings were particularly noticeable on the eastern border. SAU Geotechnical Working Group conducted an investigation study to understand the causes of the incident and to take the necessary measures, if any. After the investigation, the reason of the deformations was estimated to be due to the sudden drainage of groundwater during the construction of the piles, and subsequent consolidation of the clayey layers beneath the existing 5-storey structure adjacent to it. The excavation has been successfully completed with the projected horizontal support system and it has been observed that the application of strut in the deep excavation support system creates practical difficulties especially in small parcels during the excavation phase.
Çelik Levhalı Perdelerin Farklı Kolon - Kiriş Birleşim Şekillerine Göre Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Dusak Said , Yelgin Ahmet Necati
Published: December 2019

Bu Makale kapsamında tek katlı, tek açıklıklı bir çelik çerçeveye ince çelik levha ilave edilmek suretiyle elde edilen yatay yük taşıma sisteminin yatay yükler altındaki davranışını incelemek için gerçekleştirilmiş olan bir dizi analitik çalışmalardan bir kısmı sunulacaktır. Çalışmalar sonucu elde edilen gerilme-şekil değiştirme diyagramları karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Çelik levha dolgulu perde numunesi olarak kullanılacak olan çerçevede kirişler kolonlara yarı-rijit bağlanmış olup kolonlar ise ideal bir mafsal aracılığıyla temele bağlanmıştır. Çelik levhalar ise ek levhası ve bulonlar ile çelik çerçeveye bağlanmıştır. Elde edilen kuvvet - deplasman eğrileri sebep ve sonuçları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çelik levha ilavesinin yalın çerçeveye katkıları anlatılmıştır. Ayrıca çelik levha dolgulu perde modellerinde kolon-kiriş birleşimlerinin rijitliklerinin arttırılması ve çerçeve içerisine yerleştirilen dolgu levhasının kalınlığının arttırılmasıyla sistemin kuvvet-deplasman grafiklerindeki değişiklikler incelenecektir. Çelik levha dolgulu perde numunelerinin yatay yükler altında sistemin başlangıç rijitliği, yüksek sünek davranışı, çok iyi enerji yutma kapasitesi ve diğer sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur.
A New Approach Based on K-means Clustering and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm to Solve Travelling Salesman Problem
Authors: Karakoyun Murat
Published: December 2019

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), which is a combinatorial NP-hard problem, aims to find the shortest possible path while visiting all cities (only once) in a given list and returns to the starting point. In this paper, an approach, which is based on k-means clustering and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA), is used to solve the TSP. The proposed approach consists of three parts: separate the cities into k clusters, find the shortest path for each cluster and merge the clusters. Experimental results have shown that the algorithm get better results as the number of cluster increase for problems that have a large number of cities.
The Design of Simulator for Inter-Harmonic Detection with ESPRIT
Authors: Yalcin Nedim Aktan , Vatansever Fahri
Published: December 2019

Inter-harmonics which exist in non-integer multiples of main harmonics cause power quality problems. In this study, in order to overcome power quality problems, ESPRIT algorithm which is one of the methods used for inter-harmonic detection which couldn’t be accomplished by conventional spectrum analysis methods such as Fast Fourier Transform was realized in MATLAB environment. Software which was prepared in MATLAB environment has properties which are creating input signals, importing external signals, plotting frequency spectrum which is computed from obtained values with ESPRIT and presenting relative error rate of real signal values and ESPRIT algorithm values.
Olay İlintili Potansiyeller Üzerinden Dikkatin Hu Momentleri Yardımıyla Tespiti
Authors: Batbat Turgay , Guven Aysegul , Dolu Nazan
Published: December 2019

Uyaran tipine göre dikkatin farklılık göstermesi eğitim ve artırılmış gerçeklik gibi birçok konuda önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Oluşan farklılıkların tespiti için 26 kişilik katılımcı grubuna, görsel ve işitsel uyaranlarla oluşturulan iki deney uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen EEG sinyaller Fz, Cz, Pz ve Oz kanallarından kaydedilmiştir. Hu momentleri literatürde görüntüler üzerinde kullanılan yeni ve popüler özelliklerdir. Bu özelliklerin fizyolojik sinyallerde kullanılabilirliği bu çalışma ile incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 15’er uyaran cevabı alt alta dizilmiş ve gri seviyeli resme dönüştürülmüştür. Elde edilen görüntülerden yedi Hu momenti hesaplanmıştır. Paired sample t testi ile uyaran tipi üzerinden karşılaştırılmışlardır. Standart uyaranlarda Fz kanalında 1, 2, 7; Cz kanalında 3,4 ve 7; Pz kanalında 1, 2; Oz kanalında 7 ve hedef uyaranlarda Cz kanallarında 3,4,5,7; Pz kanalında 3, 4, 6, 7; Oz kanalında tüm momentlerde anlamlı bir fark görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında hu momentlerinin belirtilen yaklaşımla sinyallerde başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür.
Consolidation Problem on the Clayey Soil With Containing High Groundwater Level
Authors: Nalbantçılar Mahmut Tahir , Beyaz Turgay , Özlen Nagihan
Published: December 2019

In this study, the settlement problem in Ilgın district, which has high groundwater level at the northwest of Konya and is widely clay, is investigated. In order to determine the settlement characteristics of the investigated area, a research pit was opened at different points and drilling and UD samples were taken. Experiments were conducted on these soil samples. The compaction index (Cc), the compaction index (Cr), the consolidation coefficient (Cv) and the consolidation settlement were calculated according to the results of the consolidation test applied to the samples consisting mostly of clay and thin soil materials. As a result, it was determined that the ground water level and the consolidation of soils were effective in the deformations observed in the buildings in Ilgın settlement area.
Bir Ucu Ankastre L Kirişin Strain Gauge ile Serbest Sönümlü Titreşim Analizi
Authors: Eldek Safa , Yılmaz Recep , Gülbahçe Erdi
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada bir ucu ankastre şekilde sabitlenmiş L tipi bir kirişin serbest sönümlü titreşim analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada iki adet strain gauge ile yarım köprü bağlantısı kullanılmış ve serbest sönümlü titreşim hareketi boyunca strain gauge’lerin yapıştırıldığı alandaki gerinim değerleri veri toplama cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Ölçüm verileri Matlab programı ile logaritmik azalma metodu kullanılarak işlenmiş ve kirişe ait sönüm periyodu (Td), sönüm oranı (ξ) ve doğal frekans (ωn) gibi titreşim parametreleri elde edilmiştir.
Veri Madenciliği Algoritmaları Kullanarak Türkiye’deki Elektrik Tüketicileri İçin En Uygun Tarife Seçim Önerisi
Authors: Balta Seda , Bayilmis Cüneyt
Published: December 2019

With the development of technology, dependence on electricity is increasing day by day. Cost increases as electricity consumption increases. For this reason, individuals aim to save by searching for the optimum benefit-cost relationship. In this study, firstly 1500 rows of data created with day, peak, night values and Roc analysis was used to select the most appropriate algorithm for the data set.Later total electricity consumption in households was analyzed by selecting logistic regression which is data mining algorithm in RapidMiner. The most appropriate tariff selection was provided to the subscribers. As a result, 100% accurate estimation was obtained.
Usage Potential of Sawdust as a Forest Industry Waste For Treatment of Colored Effluents
Authors: Deniz Fatih
Published: December 2019

In the present study, the usage potential of sawdust as a forest industry waste was evaluated for the treatment of colored industrial effluents containing Fast Green FCF synthetic dye. The effects of various environmental variables such as pH, biosorbent amount, synthetic dye concentration and contact time on the dye removal ability of biosorbent material were studied in batch operating conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed to elucidate the dye biosorption behavior of biosorbent. The synthetic dye biosorption capacity of biosorbent was highly affected by the environmental conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium studies showed that Elovich and Langmuir models were the best models for the elucidation of dye removal behavior of biosorbent. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer biosorption capacity under the optimum environmental conditions was estimated to be 26.834 mg g-1. The obtained results revealed that the forest industry waste biomass used has usage potential for the treatment of synthetic dye pollution in aquatic environments.
Utilization of Sawdust Waste Biomass as an Eco-Friendly Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Manganese Pollution in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Deniz Fatih
Published: December 2019

In this study, the sawdust waste biomass was used as an eco-friendly biosorbent material for the bioremediation of manganese pollution in aqueous environment. The effects of various environmental variables such as pH, biosorbent amount, metal concentration and contact time on the manganese biosorption were studied in batch operating conditions. The kinetic and equilibrium studies were performed to elucidate the biosorption behavior of biosorbent material. The biosorption capacity of biosorbent was strongly influenced by the operating parameters. The experimental data were more successfully modeled by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model compared to other models applied in the study. The maximum manganese removal capacity of biosorbent was found to be 25.655 mg g-1. These findings showed that the sawdust waste biomass can be used as an eco-friendly biosorbent material for the bioremediation of manganese pollution in aqueous environment.
Evaluation of Gene Expression Method for Rainfall-Runoff Relationship: Case study of the E21A057 Station
Authors: İfşaat İbrahim Halil , Gümüş Veysel , Şimşek Oğuz
Published: December 2019

A reliable model for the prediction of rainfall-runoff process is important for water resource planning and management. The accurate estimation of monthly rainfall and runoff also can be considered a key element for predicting drought in the near future. Rainfall is the most important factor for flow. Therefore, knowing the amount of rainfall in a basin can help to improve the accuracy of forecasting models for river flow Precipitation and flow have a complex and nonlinear relationship. Additionally, the effect of precipitation on the flow depends on basin characteristics such as topography, shape, slope, type of soil, soil moisture, temperature and evaporation. These parameters are generally considered in conceptual models. However, since the basin characteristics are difficult to determine, in recent years the relationship between precipitation and flow can be made with limited data by artificial intelligence methods. In this study, monthly mean flow values of E21A057 Stream Gauging Station (SGS) are estimated by Genexpression Programming (GEP) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods by using monthly total precipitation values of 17204 meteorological observation station. Models which are prepared using different input parameters, the GEP method is found to be more successful in almost all cases compared to the MLR method. The most successful model among all models is determined as DM04 using four input parameters in GEP method. These parameters are Precipitation (P), 1 month lagged flow rate (Q-1), 1 month lagged precipitation (P-1) and 2 month lagged precipitation (P-2).
Determining The Effect of Mass Selection for FHB Resistance in Soft Red Winter Wheat Using an Image-Based Optical Sorter
Authors: M. Khaeim Hussein , Clark Anthony , Pearson Tom , Van Sanford Dr. David
Published: December 2019

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab, caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein.(Petch)], is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Numerous strategies for scab resistance breeding are in use, including phenotypic selection for low severity and marker-assisted selection for resistance QTL. The most destructive consequences of scab are evidenced through a reduction in grain quality, and the presence of mycotoxins, the most common of which is deoxynivalenol (DON). Thus, there is great interest among breeders in selecting for resistance to both of these traits. To this end, a study was devised as follows. In 2010, 20 bulk F3 SRW wheat populations with scab resistant parents in their pedigrees were harvested by population from unreplicated plots near Lexington, KY. The plots were affected by a naturally occurring mild-moderate scab epidemic. The grain was sorted on a USDA/ARS and National Manufacturing Seed Sorter System with color camera according to a calibration that reflected visual differences between asymptomatic grain and grain showing FHB symptoms. This process was repeated in 2011 using grain from plots that had conidial suspension applied at anthesis. In 2012, an unreplicated plot study of the C0, C1 and C2 cycles of selection, inoculated with grain spawn and conidial suspension, was evaluated for Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and DON concentration. An additional cycle of selection was conducted by running the bulk grain through the sorter. In October 2012, 4 selection cycles of the 20 populations were planted in a RCB experiment at Lexington and Princeton, KY. Bulk populations were planted in both scab nursery and plots, and C3 accepted and rejected of all populations and derived lines of 2 populations were planted in the scab nursery in Lexington, KY. Some populations had FDK and DON reduction with selection, and some derived lines had either numerical or significant reduction with selection. Although the accepted fraction had non-significant reduction compared with the rejected fraction over the populations, FDK and DON means were obviously lower in accepted than in rejected fractions.
Effect of Spraying Foliar with Humus and Izomen Biostimulants on Some Vegetative and Flowering Parameters of Freesia hybrida L.
Authors: Anwer Abdalla Neveen
Published: December 2019

The experiment has been conducted in the nursery of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, the University of Basrah to study the effect of Spraying foliar of the biostimulants Izomen and Humus on the growth and flowering of Freesia plants. The corms in similar size were planted in pots with a diameter and height of 25 cm, which filled with 2.5 kg of sterilized loam soil. After 50 days of planting, the plants sprayed with Humus at 0, 1.5, 2.5 ml L-1 and after five days sprayed with Izomen at 0, 1.5, 2.5 ml L-1

The different concentrations of biostimulants are sprayed three times, the period between one spray and another 15 is days. The results showed that the spraying of Humus at 2.5 ml L-1 significantly increased the plant height, the number of leaves and the leaf content of chlorophyll recorded (29.56 cm, 8.33 and 58.43%) respectively. Moreover, it is recorded early the flowering date (130 days), and the highest flowering mean is (2.12 inflorescence/plant) and the highest period of the remained flowers on the plant and the vase life (10 and 8 days) respectively. The effects of both Humus and Izomen were similar. In addition to the highest mean of their interaction at 2.5 ml L -1for all the studied traits.
Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).
Authors: Aajmi Salman Mohammed , A. Kamal Al-Shibani Jawad
Published: December 2019

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.
The Effect of Boron, Humic Acid and Interference on Water Productivity and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea)
Authors: Tahir R. Dizayee Alwand
Published: December 2019

An experiment has been carried out at field in Gardmalla/Qushtapa with reading GPS (longitude 440035E, Latitude 360023N) ,414 meter above sea level, 15.5 Km far Southern of Erbil city during the Winter season of 2017 to test the effect of application humic acid in soil and spraying boron on the growth and productivity of water on cauliflower. Factorial experiment 3 (humic acid) (0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 using) × 4 (boron foliar) ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg B ha-1 ) using solid snow cultivars in RCBD with three replicates.Planting solid snow cultivars was done on 11/7/2017 (seeding date), 10 /8 /2017 (transfer to field) and 22/12/ 2017 picking or harvesting date. Irrigation water was applied at 35% depletion to the depth of total plant root and calculate the depth of water applied up to field capacity. Irrigation system is surface flow irrigation through line pipe provided with meter gages for measuring water applied.The results show that the application of boron and humic acid increase significantly all growth and yield parameters of cauliflower improved the highest values of leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm) and chlorophyll content (mg/cm2), recorded 47.67 cm, 28.45 cm and 40.66 mg/cm2; 75.39 cm, 37.55 cm and 43.11 mg/cm2 and 80.0 cm, 40.29 cm and 47.33 mg/cm2 in treatment 2 kg ha-1 of boron foliar and 0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 of humic acid addition, respectively. The values of curd weight (kg), curd diameter (cm) and total yield (Mg/ha) values were 0.97 kg, 19.45 cm and 25.38 Mg/ha; 1.33 kg, 22.33 cm and 32.66 Mg/ha and 1.40 kg, 23.78 cm and 36.53 Mg/ha in treatment 2 kg ha-1 of boron foliar and 0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1 of humic acid application, respectively. Values of water productivity (Kg/m3) ranged between 6.25 to 12.18 Kg fresh (green) curd m-3 water applied.
PUBLIC OPINION ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Authors: Emurllai Fatmir
Published: December 2019

The industrialized society now understands that one of the most necessary investments represents the protection of the environment, they have also realized that for the created state the main culprit is the man himself, by not keeping proper account of the nature that surrounds it. Air pollution and care for the environment during the years is a primary concern of many national and international institutions. Retention in this regard is part of the lives of citizens of these countries. Unfortunately, there is a lack of constructive awareness in less developed countries where the Republic of Northern Macedonia also participates. Some cities in this small country face enormous environmental pollution. In those settings, the municipality of Tetovo is also a preoccupation of this research.
Comparison of Causality of Temperature and Precipitation on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum Lam.) Yield between Cultivation Fields via Multi-Group Structural Equation Model Analysis in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Moonju , Sung Kyungil
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to compare the causality of climatic factors affecting the yield of Italian ryegrass (IRG) between upland fields and paddy fields, by multi-group structure equation modeling. The raw data (n = 728) on forage contains both yield, field type, and the plantation address were collected from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The climatic factors were: growing days, temperature and precipitation-in autumn and next spring seasons-from the climate big data of the weather information system of Korean Meteorology Administration. In the result, the composition of climatic factors was similar, but the causality by the paths was different between upland fields and paddy fields. In particular, yield in the paddy fields was sensitive to autumn precipitation because of short growing days in the rice-rotation system. In the paddy fields, the precipitation effect in both autumn and the next spring indirectly affected the yield through temperature. The autumn temperature effect on yield in the paddy fields was 2.82 times greater than in the upland fields, between the two field types, the spring temperature effect was somewhat similar after wintering; thus, IRG cultivation in paddy fields should be limited to the south. However, there is greater suitability for IRG in the upland fields in the autumn, where the benefits of higher temperatures accumulate to offset effectively the short growing days. This study will assist in checking areas suitable for IRG cultivation as a winter forage crop in the Republic of Korea. In the future, the structure established in this study will be expanded by adding variables related to soil physical properties from soil information system and cultivation management from survey sheets.
Do Land Ownership and Agro-Ecological Location of Farmland Influence Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties? Evidence from Sierra Leone
Authors: Mansaray Bashiru , Jin Shaosheng , Horlu Godwin S. Agbemavor
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the impact of farmland ownership and agro-ecological location on the adoption of the two most important sources of improved rice varieties (NERICA and ROK) in the context of Sierra Leone. In terms of farmland ownership, the results showed that farmers who cultivated their own land had a higher tendency of remaining as non-adopters of improved varieties, but those who rented farmland or were engaged in sharecropping had higher adoption rates of improved rice varieties. Also, the location of farmland (uplands or inland valley swamps) determined the rates of adoption of improved varieties differently. For instance, upland regions showed faster adoption of ROK varieties, but inland valley areas showed faster adoption of NERICA varieties. We also examined the survival rates of local rice varieties. The adoption of improved varieties was only occurring at a very low rate, and the farmers’ adoption of ROK varieties was swifter than for NERICA varieties. This study recommends that policies advocating the adoption of improved rice varieties in Sierra Leone must take into consideration the patterns of farmland ownership and location.
Arsenic Accumulation in Grafted Melon Plants: Role of Rootstock in Modulating Root-To-Shoot Translocation and Physiological Response
Authors: Allevato Enrica , Mauro Rosario Paolo , Stazi Silvia Rita , Marabottini Rosita , Leonardi Cherubino , Ierna Anita , Giuffrida Francesco
Published: December 2019

The bio-agronomical response, along with the arsenic (As) translocation and partitioning were investigated in self-grafted melon “Proteo”, or grafted onto three interspecific (“RS841”, “Shintoza”, and “Strong Tosa”) and two intraspecific hybrids (“Dinero” and “Magnus”). Plants were grown in a soilless system and exposed to two As concentrations in the nutrient solution (0.002 and 3.80 mg L−1, referred to as As− and As+) for 30 days. The As+ treatment lowered the aboveground dry biomass (−8%, on average), but the grafting combinations differed in terms of photosynthetic response. As regards the metalloid absorption, the rootstocks revealed a different tendency to uptake As into the root, where its concentration varied from 1633.57 to 369.10 mg kg−1 DW in “Magnus” and “RS841”, respectively. The high bioaccumulation factors in root (ranging from 97.13 to 429.89) and the low translocation factors in shoot (from 0.015 to 0.071) and pulp (from 0.002 to 0.008) under As+, showed a high As mobility in the substrate–plant system, and a lower mobility inside the plants. This tendency was higher in the intraspecific rootstocks. Nonetheless, the interspecific “RS841” proved to be the best rootstock in maximizing yield and minimizing, at the same time, the As concentration into the fruit.
The Speciesism Debate: Intuition, Method, and Empirical Advances
Authors: Hopster Jeroen
Published: December 2019

This article identifies empirical, conceptual and normative avenues to advance the speciesism debate. First, I highlight the application of Evolutionary Debunking Arguments (EDAs) as one such avenue: especially where (anti-)speciesist positions heavily rely on appeals to moral intuition, and EDAs have potential to move the debate forward. Second, an avenue for conceptual progress is the delineation of speciesism from other views in its vicinity, specifically from the view that biological differences between species are sometimes morally relevant (‘species-relativism’). Third, if we adopt Singer’s definition of speciesism, then a limitation of the current debate is that it is not obvious whether the core ethical principle that underlies anti-speciesist positions—the Principle of Equal Consideration of Interests—is widely applicable. Arguably, the interests of animals are often too dissimilar to establish what equal consideration amounts to. I underscore the need for integrating philosophical and empirical research, to come to terms with the extent to which the interests of members of different species are alike, and with the question of whether any dissimilarities might be morally relevant.
Growth Performance of Broilers as Influenced by Different Levels and Sources of Methionine Plus Cysteine
Authors: Rehman Abd Ur , Arif Muhammad , Husnain Muhammad M. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , Taha Ayman E. , Elnesr Shaaban S. , Abdel-Latif Mervat A. , Othman Sarah I. , Allam Ahmed A.
Published: December 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the utilization of methionine from DL-methionine (DL-Met) and L-methionine (L-Met) with different levels of dietary methionine plus cystine (Met + Cyst) in broilers. The experimental diets were formulated by using three levels of Met + Cyst, i.e., 74%, 77% and 80% of digestible lysine. Met + Cyst was provided either from DL-Met or L-Met. A total of 450 day-old broilers were divided into six groups (five replicates of 15 birds each) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement under completely randomized design. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was determined. At the end of the experiment (35 days), two birds from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics and serum homocysteine. Results indicate that the combined effect of L-Met and DL-Met significantly affected (p < 0.05) the WG in the starter period and FI in the finisher period. Neither source nor level of methionine influenced (p > 0.05) the FI, WG and FCR of broilers during the starter, finisher or overall phase of growth. The interaction between sources and levels of methionine did not influence (p > 0.05) the feed intake, weight gain and FCR during the overall phase of growth. Source of methionine had no (p > 0.05) effect on carcass characteristics. Methionine levels had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on carcass weight, chest weight and thigh weight. The interaction between sources and levels of methionine had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the liver weight. The sources of methionine had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the liver and heart weight, while methionine levels significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the liver and gizzard weight. Finally, it was concluded that if DL-Met and L-Met are included in feed at a standard level, they are equally effective as a source of methionine for broilers.
A MATLAB Package for Calculating Partial Derivatives of Surface-Wave Dispersion Curves by a Reduced Delta Matrix Method
Authors: Wu Dunshi , Wang Xiaowei , Su Qin , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2019

Various surface-wave exploration methods have become increasingly important tools in investigating the properties of subsurface structures. Inversion of the experimental dispersion curves is generally an indispensable component of these methods. Accurate and reliable calculation of partial derivatives of surface-wave dispersion curves with respect to parameters of subsurface layers is critical to the success of these approaches if the linearized inversion strategies are adopted. Here we present an open-source MATLAB package, named SWPD (Surface Wave Partial Derivative), for modeling surface-wave (both Rayleigh- and Love-wave) dispersion curves (both phase and group velocity) and particularly for computing their partial derivatives with high precision. The package is able to compute partial derivatives of phase velocity and of Love-wave group velocity analytically based on the combined use of the reduced delta matrix theory and the implicit function theorem. For partial derivatives of Rayleigh-wave group velocity, a hemi-analytical method is presented, which analytically calculates all the first-order partial differentiations and approximates the mixed second-order partial differentiation term with a central difference scheme. We provide examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of this package, and demo scripts are also provided for users to reproduce all results of this paper and thus to become familiar with the package as quickly as possible.
Redundancy Removed Dual-Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform to Construct Compact Representations for Automated Seizure Detection
Authors: Jiang Xinyu , Xu Ke , Zhang Renjie , Ren Haoran , Chen Wei
Published: December 2019

With the development of pervasive sensing and machine learning technologies, automated epileptic seizure detection based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has provided tremendous support for the lives of epileptic patients. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is an effective method for time-frequency analysis of EEG and has been used for seizure detection in daily healthcare monitoring systems. However, the shift variance, the lack of directionality and the substantial aliasing, limit the effects of DWT in some applications. Dual-tree discrete wavelet transform (DTDWT) can overcome those drawbacks but may increase information redundancy. For classification tasks with small dataset sizes, such redundancy can greatly reduce learning efficiency and model performance. In this work, we proposed a novel redundancy removed DTDWT (RR-DTDWT) framework for automated seizure detection. Energy and modified multi-scale entropy (MMSE) features in a dual tree wavelet domain were extracted to construct a complete picture of mental states. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to employ MMSE as an indicator of epileptic seizures. Moreover, a compact EEG representation can be obtained after removing useless information redundancy (redundancy between wavelet trees, adjacent channels and entropy scales) by a general auto-weighted feature selection framework via global redundancy minimization (AGRM). Through validation on Bonn and CHB-MIT databases, the proposed RR-DTDWT method can achieve better performance than previous studies.
Combination of Spatial and Frequency Domains for Floating Object Detection on Complex Water Surfaces
Authors: Sun Xin , Deng Hao , Liu Guihua , Deng Xin
Published: December 2019

In order to address the problems of various interference factors and small sample acquisition in surface floating object detection, an object detection algorithm combining spatial and frequency domains is proposed. Firstly, a rough texture detection is performed in a spatial domain. A Fused Histogram of Oriented Gradient (FHOG) is combined with a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) to describe global and local information of floating objects, and sliding windows are classified by Support Vector Machines (SVM) with new texture features. Then, a novel frequency-based saliency detection method used in complex scenes is proposed. It adopts global and local low-rank decompositions to remove redundant regions caused by multiple interferences and retain floating objects. The final detection result is obtained by a strategy of combining bounding boxes from different processing domains. Experimental results show that the overall performance of the proposed method is superior to other popular methods, including traditional image segmentation, saliency detection, hand-crafted texture detection, and Convolutional Neural Network Based (CNN-based) object detection. The proposed method is characterized by small sample training and strong anti-interference ability in complex water scenes like ripple, reflection, and uneven illumination. The average precision of the proposed is 97.2%, with only 0.504 seconds of time consumption.
Correlation Analysis between UBD and LST in Hefei, China, Using Luojia1-01 Night-Time Light Imagery
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhou Tong , Tao Fei , Zang Fengyi
Published: December 2019

The urban heat island (UHI) is one of the essential phenomena of the modern urban climate. In recent years, urbanization in China has gradually accelerated, and the heat island effect has also intensified as the urban impervious surface area and the number of buildings is increasing. Urban building density (UBD) is one of the main factors affecting UHI, but there is little discussion on the relationship between the two. This paper takes Hefei as the research area, combines UBD data estimated by Luojia1-01 night-time light (NTL) imagery as the research object with land surface temperature (LST) data obtained from Landsat8 images, and carries out spatial correlation analysis on 0.5 × 0.5 km to 2 × 2 km resolution for them, so as to explore the relationship between UBD and UHI. The results show the following: (1) Luojia1-01 data have a good ability to estimate UBD and have fewer errors when compared with the actual UBD data; (2) At the four spatial scales, UBD and LST present a significant positive correlation that increases with the enlargement of the spatial scale; and (3) Moreover, the fitting effect of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model is better than that of the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model.
Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Antagonizing Vibrio parahaemolyticus: The Pathogen of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Nguyen Thi Truc Linh , Trinh Ngoc Ai , Tran Thi Hong To , Nguyen Thanh Tuu , Huynh Kim Huong , Pham Kim Long , Huynh Truong Giang , Truong Quoc Phu , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tinh
Published: December 2019

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has recently emerged as a serious disease of cultured shrimp. A total of 19 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from shrimp samples were characterized based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, sequencing analysis, and their ability to antagonize Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes AHPND in whiteleg shrimp. Results from the agar well diffusion method indicated that 3 out of 19 isolated LAB strains showed the highest antagonizing ability against AHPND V. parahaemolyticus strain with an inhibition zone diameter ranging from 18 to 20 mm. Experiments where shrimps were given feed supplemented with these LAB strains and challenged with AHPND strain showed high survival rates (approximately 80.0%), which were not significantly different as compared to those recorded in the negative control treatment (86.6%), but significantly different to those recorded in the positive control treatment (40.6%) after 16 days of the experiment. However, the histological images of shrimp hepatopancreas indicated that the infection rate significantly reduced from 60.0% to 11.1% in shrimps fed with LAB-supplemented feeds and challenged with AHPND V. parahaemolyticus strain as compared to those in the positive control treatment. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the identification of LAB strain. These results can be applied in further experiments to investigate the ability of L. plantarum in preventing AHPND in intensively cultured whiteleg shrimp.
Core/Shell Structure of Mesoporous Carbon Spheres and g-C3N4 for Acid Red 18 Decolorization
Authors: Baca Martyna , Aleksandrzak Małgorzata , Mijowska Ewa , Kaleńczuk Ryszard J. , Zielińska Beata
Published: December 2019

Spherical photocatalyst based on ordered mesoporous carbon and graphitic carbon nitride with core/shell structure (CS/GCN) was successfully synthesized via facile electrostatic self-assembly strategy. The photocatalytic properties of the hybrid were evaluated by the decomposition of Acid Red 18 under simulated solar light irradiation in comparison to the bulk graphitic carbon nitride (GCN). The results clearly revealed that coupling of carbon nitride with mesoporous carbon allows the catalyst to form with superior photocatalytic performance. The photoactivity of CS/GCN was over nine times higher than that of pristine GCN. Introducing mesoporous carbon into GCN induced higher surface area of the heterojunction and also facilitated the contact surface between the two phases. The synergistic effect between those two components enhanced the visible light-harvesting efficiency and improved photoinduced charge carrier generation, and consequently their proper separation. The electrochemical behavior of the obtained composite was also evaluated by electrochemical impedance, transient photocurrent response and linear sweep potentiometry measurements. The results confirmed that transport and separation of charge carriers in the hybrid was enhanced in comparison to the reference bulk graphitic carbon nitride. Detailed electrochemical, photoluminescence and radical scavenger tests enabled determination of the possible mechanism of photocatalytic process. This work presents new insights to design a core/shell hybrid through the simple preparation process, which can be successfully used as an efficient photocatalyst for the treatment of wastewater containing dyes under solar light irradiation.
Cellular Model of Endotoxin Tolerance in Astrocytes: Role of Interleukin 10 and Oxylipins
Authors: Chistyakov Dmitry V. , Astakhova Alina A. , Azbukina Nadezda V. , Goriainov Sergei V. , Chistyakov Viktor V. , Sergeeva Marina G.
Published: December 2019

A phenomenon of endotoxin tolerance where prior exposure of cells to minute amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes them to become refractory to a subsequent high-amount endotoxin challenge is well described for innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages, but it is still obscure for brain cells. We exposed primary rat cortical astrocytes to a long-term low-grade concentration of LPS, followed by stimulation with a middle-grade concentration of LPS. Inflammatory markers, i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, inducible enzymes COX-2 and iNOS, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) detected at the mRNA and protein levels reveal similarities between astrocytes and macrophages in the model, i.e., tolerance in pro-inflammatory markers and priming in IL-10. Long-term or short-term treatment with IL-10 does not change cell sensitivity for LPS, which makes doubtful its involvement in the mechanisms of cell tolerance development. Significant changes occur in the oxylipin profiles measured by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. The priming occurs in the following compounds: 11-HETE, PGD2, PGE2, cyclopentenone prostaglandins, and TXB2. Tolerance is observed for 12-HHT, PGF2α, and 6-keto-PGF1α. As far as we know, this is the first report on changes in oxylipin profiles in the endotoxin tolerance model. The data can greatly improve the understanding of oxylipins’ role in inflammatory and resolution processes in the brain and mechanisms of astrocyte involvement in neuroinflammation.