bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enjeux et perspectives du pilotage de la RSE pour les entreprises d’une économie en développement
Authors: Bampoky Boniface
Published: August 2017

Une méthode inductive à l’aide d’entretiens exploratoires enrichis d’études bibliographiques et documentaires a conduit à une typologie explicative de la diffusion et de l’appropriation des outils de pilotage de la RSE dans un contexte d’émergence économique comme celui du Sénégal. La question centrale est celle de savoir dans quelle mesure pourrait-on effectivement prendre en charge dans les entreprises la préoccupante question du développement économique durable dont le choix des moyens pour y parvenir fait débat. En effet, les pays en développement ou les pays émergents n’ont pas rompu avec la pauvreté, et l’appropriation de la question du développement durable n’est pas effective. Cette recherche pointe du doigt les goulots d’étranglement et propose des voies de sortie de l’impasse.
Vers un modèle explicatif des stratégies d’approvisionnement des grandes surfaces au Cameroun
Authors: Kenmogne Fohouo Alain , Douanla Jean Christian , Kamdem David
Published: August 2017

L’objectif de cet article est de concevoir un modèle théorique explicatif des stratégies d’approvisionnement des grandes surfaces au Cameroun en prenant comme variable dépendante l’étendue de leur surface de vente. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons eu recours au guide d’entretien dans une première phase exploratoire. Ensuite, grâce au questionnaire, nous avons recueilli des données en face à face dans 87 grandes surfaces et nous avons utilisé la régression logistique linéaire pour la construction d’un premier modèle. Dans un second temps, nous avons testé ce modèle grâce au Khi-deux de Pearson pour obtenir le modèle théorique définitif. De ce modèle, quatre principales propositions ont été formulées et suggèrent que les variables comme la vente des produits portant des marques de distributeurs, l’existence d’entrepôts pour le dispatching des produits, l’existence d’une structure pour la centralisation des achats et la passation des commandes par internet sont les plus pertinentes pour expliquer les stratégies d’approvisionnement des grandes surfaces au Cameroun.
L’UNSA et la quête de la représentativité : s’implanter dans les entreprises, avant et après la loi du 20 août 2008
Authors: Farvaque Nicolas
Published: August 2017

Cet article s’intéresse aux stratégies de développement de l’Union nationale des syndicats autonomes (Unsa), dans le contexte de l’application de la loi sur la représentativité syndicale (dans le secteur privé) du 20 août 2008. Avant cette loi, l’Unsa était exclue des avantages accordés aux cinq syndicats bénéficiant d’une représentativité irréfragable. L’Unsa avait combattu l’ancien système de représentativité mais a également critiqué les modalités de cette loi. Elle en fait désormais un usage stratégique, marqué par une doctrine d’implantation dans les entreprises, visant à élargir sa base. Par des transferts de militants et une approche ouverte aux stratégies d’alliances, l’Unsa joue un rôle dans les évolutions du paysage syndical français. Ces stratégies de développement interrogent au final le modèle d’autonomie de l’Unsa, qui évolue au motif d’une nécessaire structuration et rationalisation de l’organisation.
Accords de branche et d’entreprise, les nouveaux instruments de la politique sociale
Authors: Fröhler Norbert
Published: August 2017

Cet article est centré sur les dispositifs de transition emploi-retraite négociés en Allemagne au niveau des branches ou des entreprises depuis une vingtaine d’années afin de pallier le désengagement de l’État des dispositifs légaux qui existaient antérieurement (Chagny, Fröhler, dans ce numéro). Il examine les effets de ces changements sur les possibilités d’action au moyen d’accords collectifs, ainsi que sur les conditions individuelles de départ. Il s’appuie sur des données qualitatives et quantitatives pour présenter une vue d’ensemble de la conception, de la diffusion et de l’utilisation des dispositifs de départ à la retraite au niveau des branches et des entreprises. Il en ressort que même ces dispositifs sont touchés par des phénomènes d’érosion considérables.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Unicortical Stress Risers of the Proximal Humerus Associated With Pectoralis Major Repair
Authors: Wilson David J. , Milam Brian P. , Scully William F. , Balog Todd P. , Min Kyong S. , Chen Christopher S. , Marchant Bryant G. , Arrington Edward D.
Published: August 2017

Proximal humerus fracture after pectoralis major tendon repair has been recently reported. Although this complication is rare, it may be possible to decrease such risk using newer techniques for myotenodesis. This study was designed to evaluate various unicortical stress risers created at the proximal humeral metadiaphysis during myotenodesis for repair of pectoralis major ruptures. A simulated pectoralis major myotenodesis was performed using fourth-generation Sawbones (N=30). Using previously described anatomic landmarks for the tendinous insertion, 3 repair techniques were compared: bone trough, tenodesis screws, and suture anchors (N=10 each). Combined compression and torsional load was sequentially increased until failure. Linear and rotational displacement data were collected. The average number of cycles before reaching terminal failure was 383 for the bone trough group, 658 for the tenodesis group, and 832 for the suture anchor group. Both the tenodesis and the suture anchor groups were significantly more resistant to fracture than the bone trough group (
P
<.001). The suture anchor group was significantly more resistant to fracture than the tenodesis group (
P
<.001). All test constructs failed in rotational stability, producing spiral fractures, which incorporated the unicortical defects in all cases. When tested under physiologic parameters of axial compression and torsion, failure occurred from rotational force, producing spiral fractures, which incorporated the unicortical stress risers in all cases. The intramedullary suture anchor configuration proved to be the most stable construct under combined axial and torsional loading. Using a bone trough technique for proximal humerus myotenodesis may increase postoperative fracture risk. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):e801–e805.]
Provider-Initiated Patient Satisfaction Reporting Yields Improved Physician Ratings Relative to Online Rating Websites
Authors: Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Waddell Brad S. , Nodzo Scott R. , Lange Jeffrey , Nocon Allina A. , Amundsen Spencer , Tarity T. David , McLawhorn Alexander S.
Published: August 2017

Recently, providers have begun to publicly report the results of patient satisfaction surveys from their practices. However, these outcomes have never been compared with the findings of commercial online physician rating websites. The goals of the current study were to (1) compare overall patient satisfaction ratings for orthopedic surgeons derived from provider-based third-party surveys with existing commercial physician rating websites and (2) determine the association between patient ratings and provider characteristics. The authors identified 12 institutions that provided publicly available patient satisfaction outcomes derived from third-party surveys for their orthopedic surgeons as of August 2016. Orthopedic surgeons at these institutions were eligible for inclusion (N=340 surgeons). Provider characteristics were recorded from publicly available data. Four high-traffic commercial online physician rating websites were identified:
Healthgrades.com
,
UCompareHealthCare.com
,
Vitals.com
, and
RateMDs.com
. For each surgeon, overall ratings (on a scale of 1–5), total number of ratings, and percentage of negative ratings were compared between provider-initiated internal ratings and each commercial online website. Associations between baseline factors and overall physician ratings and negative ratings were assessed. Provider-initiated internal patient satisfaction ratings showed a greater number of overall patient ratings, higher overall patient satisfaction ratings, and a lower percentage of negative comments compared with commercial online physician rating websites. A greater number of years in practice had a weak association with lower internal ratings, and an academic practice setting and a location in the Northeast were protective factors for negative physician ratings. Compared with commercial online physician rating websites, provider-initiated patient satisfaction ratings of orthopedic surgeons appear to be more favorable, with greater numbers of responses. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(5):304–310.]
Clinical Trial Results to Bed Side Management- Filling the Gap
Authors: Karunatilake Harindra
Published: August 2017

No abstract available
VEGETARIANISM a healthy choice
Authors: Herath S.
Published: August 2017

No abstract available
A case of severe anaphylaxis after Ropalidia marginata (a paper wasp) sting in Sri Lanka
Authors: Witharana E.W.R.A. , Karunaratne W.A.I.P. , Gnanathasan A. , Wijesinghe S.K.J. , Kadahetti S.C.L.
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Ants, bees and wasps are insects in Order Hymenoptera. Victims of Hymenoptera sting can present with nuisance pain to more severe form of anaphylaxis [1]. Ropalidia marginata (Kaladuruwa) is the most common social wasp of Peninsula of India [2]. Traditional medication is a common practice in rural Sri Lanka for insect sting. Nest of the Ropalidia marginata is crushed and mixed with water to make a paste which is applied on the painful area over the stinging site of paper wasp as a common traditional treatment.Although there are many cases of allergic reactions after wasp sting, the individual species of Ropalidia marginata causing severe anaphylaxis is not reported. We report a school boy presented with severe anaphylaxis after this paper wasp sting in Deniyaya, Sri Lanka.
Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders in brick industry workers in Chilaw Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando W. I. B. , De Silva P. V. , Sundarapperuma S. M. T. D.
Published: August 2017

Background Brick industry is an oldest industry in Sri Lanka. Brick making process includes different actions which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Studies have been carried out in brick industries and shown that brick making process leads to musculoskeletal disorders. Objectives To determine the prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among brick workers by identifying the most affected body regions and the joints and specific ergonomic risk factors in work place, explore associated factors, and the effect of musculoskeletal disorders to daily living, Materials and methods Using descriptive cross sectional study and an interviewer administered questionnaire, data were collected from 192 brick industry workers who were in the industry for more than 1 year in Chilaw Area, Puttlam district. Results The study consisted with 130 males and 62 females. Majority of 85.9% of workers were having a normal BMI and 65.6% of the participants were having pain and discomfort lasting at least 24 hours during last 12 months, while 39.6% of them were having low back pain where 0.5% having neck pain. A majority (82.5%) was prevented from doing the normal work activities at home or away from home because of a musculoskeletal pain or a discomfort. Majority (77.0%) of participants applies a local analgesic to relieve the pain. 27% of the workers were holding loads for distances where 73.8% of the workers lifts their loads manually. Conclusion Work related musculoskeletal disorder are prevalent among brick workers and the most commonly affected body regions are low back, wrists/ hands, shoulders, knees, neck, elbows and ankles/feet. There is no any significant difference with the age and sex with the presence of musculoskeletal discomfort or pain in this study sample. These MSDs are affecting the activities of daily living of workers by preventing from normal activities.
Kawasaki disease presenting as BCG scar reactivation in a five weeks old baby
Authors: Gamhewage N. C. , Arachchige Kankanan , Punchihewa P. G. M.
Published: August 2017

No abstract available
Detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus genome in fecal material of goats after an outbreak in Punjab Province of Pakistan: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ullah R. Wasee , Zahur A. Bin , Irshad H. , Latif A. , Dasti J. Iqbal , Malik A. Rashid , Afzal M.
Published: August 2017

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants causing high morbidity and mortality (up to 100%) and thus, has serious socioeconomic implications. In Pakistan, estimated losses due to PPR during the year 2012-13 were worth Pakistan Rs. 31.51 billion. Close contact between infected and susceptible animal is an important route of transmission of PPR. Therefore, carrier animals play an important role in unnoticed transmission of the disease. Limited information is available about the persistence of PPR virus in goats. Hence, the objective of the study was to investigate the persistence of PPR virus (PPRV) in goats recovered from PPR. A suspected PPR outbreak in sub-urban area of Lahore district of the Punjab Province in Pakistan was investigated. The outbreak was confirmed as PPR after analyzing appropriate samples (nasal/ocular swabs, fecal and tissue samples) collected from the infected animals. A longitudinal study was conducted over a period of 16 weeks to ascertain the persistence of PPRV in the fecal samples of recovered goats (n=96) collected at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the outbreak. Samples were analyzed using RT-PCR. Of the 96 fecal samples, 46, 37, 29 and 7 goats remained positive for PPRV genome at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after recovery, respectively. The results revealed the detection of PPRV genome in goats at 16 weeks after recovery. Therefore, it can be concluded that PPR disease has a carrier potential and goats recovered from PPR infection may act as source of carrier animals.
Yield potential, potential yield and realized yield at farmer level of cereals with special reference to rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Abeysiriwardena D. Sumith De Z.
Published: August 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are the three main cereals that account for the majority of calories in human diets and they will continue to remain the main sources of human nutrition. In order to meet the food demand of increasing population the only option left to increase production of these crops is to increase crop productivity per unit land area in the existing cultivable lands. Grain production of cereals is largely influenced by their yield potential. However, the terms ‘yield potential’, ‘potential yield’ and ‘maximum potential yield’ are synonymously used in the literature to describe different yield ceilings of crop plants without making a clear distinction among them. These terms have been defined in relation to the realized yield at farmer level. This review discusses the methods of estimating yield potential and potential yields of cereals, their physiological basis, and genetic improvement, with special reference to rice. The role of light interception, radiation use efficiency and harvest index as components of a varietal yield potential in relation to their genetic improvement and importance of improving varietal resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in relation to improving potential yield have been discussed.
Efficacy of single and combined application of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens along with bio-fertilizer (Arbuscular Mycorrhizae - AM) on growth of nursery plants of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Authors: Kodithuwakku R. D. , Wijekoon W. M. R. W. B. , Kumari I. S. , De Silva D. P. P.
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted to evaluate different combinations of bio-fertilizer and biocontrol agents on the vegetative growth of nursery plants of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Treated plants showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) leaf area, shoot height, root volume, shoot dry weight and root dry weight compared to the untreated control. The highest leaf area of 244.47 cm2 was recorded in black pepper plants treated with Trichoderma sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens while the lowest (118.82 cm2) was recorded in the untreated control. The highest root volume was recorded in plants treated with Trichoderma spp. The highest shoot height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were found in plants treated with P. fluorescens. Results showed that the combination of above three organisms has not shown a significant impact on growth (p>0.05) than that of the respective individuals. As certain biological control agents may mechanistically be incompatible, one strain may interfere with the mechanism of the other. Hence, only the mixtures composed of mechanistically compatible strains can give better results in biocontrol and bio-fertilizer activities. The results of the experiment confirmed that black pepper plants treated with different biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizer showed a higher vegetative growth in the plant nursery.
IL-15 Complexes Induce Migration of Resting Memory CD8 T Cells into Mucosal Tissues
Authors: Sowell Ryan T. , Goldufsky Josef W. , Rogozinska Magdalena , Quiles Zurisaday , Cao Yanxia , Castillo Eliseo F. , Finnegan Alison , Marzo Amanda L.
Published: August 2017

IL-15 is an essential cytokine known to promote T cell survival and activate the effector function of memory phenotype CD8 T cells. Blocking IL-15 signals also significantly impacts tissue-specific effector and memory CD8 T cell formation. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-15 influences the generation of memory CD8 T cells by first promoting their accumulation into mucosal tissues and second by sustaining expression of Bcl-6 and T-bet. We show that the mechanism for this recruitment is largely dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin and its subsequent inactivation of FoxO1. Last, we show that IL-15 complexes delivered locally to mucosal tissues without reinfection is an effective strategy to enhance establishment of tissue resident memory CD8 T cells within mucosal tissues. This study provides mechanistic insight into how IL-15 controls the generation of memory CD8 T cells and influences their trafficking and ability to take up residence within peripheral tissues.
ADAM10-Mediated ICOS Ligand Shedding on B Cells Is Necessary for Proper T Cell ICOS Regulation and T Follicular Helper Responses
Authors: Lownik Joseph C. , Luker Andrea J. , Damle Sheela R. , Cooley Lauren Folgosa , El Sayed Riham , Hutloff Andreas , Pitzalis Costantino , Martin Rebecca K. , El Shikh Mohey Eldin M. , Conrad Daniel H.
Published: August 2017

The proper regulation of ICOS and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) has been shown to be essential for maintaining proper immune homeostasis. Loss of either protein results in defective humoral immunity, and overexpression of ICOS results in aberrant Ab production resembling lupus. How ICOSL is regulated in response to ICOS interaction is still unclear. We demonstrate that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)10 is the primary physiological sheddase of ICOSL in mice and humans. Using an in vivo system in which ADAM10 is deleted only on B cells, elevated levels of ICOSL were seen. This increase is also seen when ADAM10 is deleted from human B cell lines. Identification of the primary sheddase has allowed the characterization of a novel mechanism of ICOS regulation. In wild-type mice, interaction of ICOS/ICOSL results in ADAM10-induced shedding of ICOSL on B cells and moderate ICOS internalization on T cells. When this shedding is blocked, excessive ICOS internalization occurs. This results in severe defects in T follicular helper development and TH2 polarization, as seen in a house dust mite exposure model. In addition, enhanced TH1 and TH17 immune responses are seen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Blockade of ICOSL rescues T cell ICOS surface expression and rescues, at least in part, T follicular helper numbers and the abnormal Ab production previously reported in these mice. Overall, we propose a novel regulation of the ICOS/ICOSL axis, with ADAM10 playing a direct role in regulating ICOSL, as well as indirectly regulating ICOS, thus controlling ICOS/ICOSL-dependent responses.
The effects of isoprene and NOx on secondary organic aerosols formed through reversible and irreversible uptake to aerosol water
Authors: El-Sayed Marwa M. H. , Ortiz-Montalvo Diana L. , Hennigan Christopher J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Isoprene oxidation produces water-soluble organic gases capable of partitioning to aerosol liquid water. The formation of secondary organic aerosols through such aqueous pathways (aqSOA) can take place either reversibly or irreversibly; however, the split between these fractions in the atmosphere is highly uncertain. The aim of this study was to characterize the reversibility of aqSOA formed from isoprene at a location in the eastern United States under substantial influence from both anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. The reversible and irreversible uptake of water-soluble organic gases to aerosol water was characterized in Baltimore, MD using measurements of particulate water-soluble organic carbon (WSOCp) in alternating dry and ambient configurations. WSOCp evaporation with drying was observed systematically throughout the late spring and summer, indicating reversible aqSOA formation during these times. We show through time lag analyses that WSOCp concentrations, including the WSOCp that evaporates with drying, peak ~ 6–11 h after isoprene concentrations, with maxima at a time lag of 9 h. The absolute reversible aqSOA concentrations, as well as the relative amount of reversible aqSOA, increased with decreasing NOx/isoprene ratios, suggesting that isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) or other low-NOx oxidation products were responsible for these effects. The observed relationships with NOx and isoprene suggest that this process occurs widely in the atmosphere, and is likely more important in other locations characterized by higher isoprene and/or lower NOx levels. It is also likely that this phenomenon will increase in importance in the future, given predictions of biogenic and anthropogenic emissions under future regulatory and climate scenarios.
Assessing the role of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on PM1 over Southern West Africa using aircraft measurements
Authors: Brito Joel , Freney Evelyn , Dominutti Pamela , Borbon Agnes , Haslett Sophie L. , Colomb Aurelie , Dupuy Regis , Denjean Cyrielle , Burnet Frederic , Bourrianne Thierry , Deroubaix Adrien , Sellegri Karine , Coe Hugh , Flamant Cyrille , Knippertz Peter , Schwarzenboeck Alfons
Published: August 2017

Abstract. As part of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project, an airborne campaign was designed to measure a large range of atmospheric constituents, focusing on the effect of anthropogenic emissions on regional climate. The presented study details results of the French ATR42 research aircraft, which aimed to characterize gas-phase, aerosol and cloud properties in the region during the field campaign carried out in June/July 2016 in combination with the German Falcon 20 and the British Twin Otter aircraft. The aircraft flight paths covered large areas of Benin, Togo, Ghana and Ivory Coast, focusing on emissions from large urban conurbations such as Abidjan, Accra and Lomé, as well as remote continental areas and the Gulf of Guinea. This manuscript focuses on aerosol particle measurements within the boundary layer ( 15 nm) of 735 cm−3 stp. Regarding submicron aerosol composition (considering non-refractory species and Black Carbon, BC), organic aerosol (OA) is the most abundant species contributing 53 %, followed by SO4 (27 %), NH4 (11 %), BC (6 %), NO3 (2 %) and minor contribution of Cl (
Estimating error statistics for Chambon-la-Forêt observatory definitive data
Authors: Lesur Vincent , Heumez Benoît , Telali Abdelkader , Lalanne Xavier , Soloviev Anatoly
Published: August 2017

Abstract. We propose a new algorithm for calibrating definitive observatory data with the goal of providing users with estimates of the data error standard deviations (SDs). The algorithm has been implemented and tested using Chambon-la-Forêt observatory (CLF) data. The calibration process uses all available data. It is set as a large, weakly non-linear, inverse problem that ultimately provides estimates of baseline values in three orthogonal directions, together with their expected standard deviations. For this inverse problem, absolute data error statistics are estimated from two series of absolute measurements made within a day. Similarly, variometer data error statistics are derived by comparing variometer data time series between different pairs of instruments over few years. The comparisons of these time series led us to use an autoregressive process of order 1 (AR1 process) as a prior for the baselines. Therefore the obtained baselines do not vary smoothly in time. They have relatively small SDs, well below 300 pT when absolute data are recorded twice a week – i.e. within the daily to weekly measures recommended by INTERMAGNET. The algorithm was tested against the process traditionally used to derive baselines at CLF observatory, suggesting that statistics are less favourable when this latter process is used. Finally, two sets of definitive data were calibrated using the new algorithm. Their comparison shows that the definitive data SDs are less than 400 pT and may be slightly overestimated by our process: an indication that more work is required to have proper estimates of absolute data error statistics. For magnetic field modelling, the results show that even on isolated sites like CLF observatory, there are very localised signals over a large span of temporal frequencies that can be as large as 1 nT. The SDs reported here encompass signals of a few hundred metres and less than a day wavelengths.
Mediterranean Outflow Water variability during the Early Pleistocene
Authors: Kaboth Stefanie , Grunert Patrick , Lourens Lucas
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Gaining insights into the evolution of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) during the Early Pleistocene has been so far hampered by the lack of available palaeoclimatic archives. Here we present the first benthic foraminifera stable oxygen and carbon isotope records and grain-size data from IODP Expedition 339 Site U1389 presently located within the upper core of the MOW in the Gulf of Cadiz for the time interval between 2.6 and 1.8 Ma. A comparison with an intermediate water mass record from the Mediterranean Sea strongly suggest an active MOW supplying Site U1389 on glacial–interglacial timescales during the Early Pleistocene. We also find indication that the increasing presence of MOW in the Gulf of Cadiz during the investigated time interval aligns with the progressive northward protrusion of Mediterranean sourced intermediate water masses into the North Atlantic, possibly modulating the intensification of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at the same time. Additionally, our results suggest that MOW flow strength was already governed by precession and semi-precession cyclicity during the Early Pleistocene against the background of glacial–interglacial variability.
Frequently used drought indices reflect different drought conditions
on global scale
Authors: Wanders Niko , Van Loon Anne F. , Van Lanen Henny A. J.
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Drought is an abnormal and prolonged deficit in available water. Possible drought impacts are crop losses, famine, fatalities, power blackouts and degraded ecosystems. These severe socio-economic and environmental impacts show the need to carefully monitor drought conditions using a suitable index. Our objective is to provide an intercomparison of frequently used physical drought indices to show to which degree they are interchangeable for monitoring drought in precipitation, soil moisture, groundwater and streamflow. Physical indices are commonly introduced to predict drought impacts, because appropriate drought impact indices are still missing. Correlations (R) between frequently used indices for different drought types were calculated at the global scale. We have made the index timeseries available to the community for future studies. Precipitation drought indices show low to intermediate correlations (ranging from R = 0.1 to 0.75), soil moisture drought indices show an even lower similarity (R = 0.25). Indices for streamflow drought show the highest correlation (R = 0.5 to 0.95). Additionally, meteorological drought indices do not capture the soil moisture drought correctly (R = 0.0 to 0.6) nor streamflow drought (R = 0.0 to 0.7). These findings have implications for drought monitoring systems: (i) for each drought type, a different index should carefully be identified; (ii) drought indices that are designed to monitor the same drought type show large discrepancies in their anomalies and hence drought detection; (iii) there is no single superior physical drought index that is capable of accurately capturing the diverse set of drought impacts in all parts of the hydrological cycle.
A tale of two millennials
Authors: Delbosc Alexa , Ralph Kelcie
Published: August 2017

In recent years, the millennial generation (those born roughly between 1980 and 2000) has gained significant attention in transport research. Initial research characterized this generation as multimodal, urban and tech-savvy; they have at times been painted as our great hope for a sustainable transport future. Yet more recently a parallel narrative has emerged. According to this view, millennials are simply reacting to difficult economic circumstances that have restricted their ability to pay for a car. This paper explores the evidence for these two conflicting narratives of the millennial generation and possible reasons why the two narratives have come about. It discusses the implications of the two millennial narratives on both social and technological equity and sets out initial thoughts on how these issues may be addressed in future research and policy.
Pipeline right-of-way encroachment in Arepo, Nigeria
Authors: Oyinloye Michael Ajide , Olamiju Isaac Oluwadare , Oladosu Benjamin Lanre
Published: August 2017

Encroachment by host communities on pipeline right-of-way (PROW) constitutes a major problem for the oil and gas sector of the economy. This paper uses remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to assess the level of vulnerability of people living along the PROW in Arepo, Ogun State, Nigeria. A satellite imagery of the community was acquired and processed using ArcGIS computer software. A GIS buffering operation was performed on the PROW using 15 m, 30 m, 60 m, and 90 m distances, respectively. Three hundred and forty buildings were identified in the buffered zones, out of which 200 (60%) were randomly selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to household heads in the sampled buildings. Empirical analysis shows that 140 buildings (70%) observed less than a 30 m setback to the pipeline. Also, residents benefit from incidents of oil spillage and see these as an avenue to vandalize the pipeline, making them more vulnerable. GIS analysis shows that more than 30% of respondents are highly vulnerable to the hazard of pipeline explosion incidents. Enforcement of setback regulations by the Town Planning Authority and public education and awareness of risks associated with encroachment on the PROW are canvassed among others.
Comparing importance-performance analysis and three-factor theory in assessing rider satisfaction with transit
Authors: Cao Jason , Cao Xiaoshu
Published: August 2017

Transit ridership depends on its quality of service. Many studies have analyzed rider satisfaction surveys to explore important service attributes and/or identify improvement priorities. Importance-performance analysis (IPA) is capable of serving both purposes. However, it assumes that service attributes have a symmetric influence on rider satisfaction. To relax the assumption, this study applies three-factor theory to classify service attributes into basic, performance, and excitement factors. Using the 2013 data of bus, bus rapid transit (BRT), and metro transit riders from Guangzhou, China, it compares the results from two alternative IPA and two applications of the three-factor theory. Explicit IPA and implicit IPA classify service attributes somewhat differently but produce similar improvement priorities. For the three-factor theory, the importance grid yields more plausible results than regression with dummy variables. This study further concludes divergent improvement priorities for different services: comfort while waiting at station/stop and service reliability for bus; safety while waiting, safety while riding, and comfort while waiting for BRT; and spatial coverage for metro transit. If resources are abundant, transit agencies could also improve customer service for bus and comfort while riding for BRT.
Does where you live affect how much you spend on transit? The link between urban form and household transit expenditures in Mexico City
Authors: Guerra Erick
Published: August 2017

Long and expensive transit trips burden millions of households in many low- and middle-income cities. Geography likely plays an important role. In Mexico City, suburban households earn 30% less than urban households, have 40% longer commutes, and spend nearly twice as much per transit trip. This paper examines the relationship between where households live in Mexico City and how much they spend on transit using a large metropolitan household travel survey matched to measures of the built environment. Transit expenditures vary systematically with neighborhood population density, land-use diversity, municipal job density, street network density, and distance to the metro and urban center. These relationships are complex and nonlinear but robust with the inclusion of household income, size, and structure. They are also relatively strong with job density, destination diversity, distance to the metro, and population density being as strongly correlated with transit expenditures as household income. In dollar values, the savings associated with more convenient household locations are substantial and in the same ballpark as total metro fare revenues and a back-of-the-envelope estimate of the total daily external costs of suburban congestion.
Analyzing spatiotemporal congestion pattern on urban roads based on taxi GPS data
Authors: Zhang Kaisheng , Sun Daniel (Jian) , Shen Suwan , Zhu Yi
Published: August 2017

With the development of in-vehicle data collection devices, GPS trajectory has become a priority source to identify traffic congestion and understand the operational states of road network in recent years. This study aims to investigate the relationship between traffic congestion and built environment, including traffic related factors and land use. Fuzzy C-means clustering was used to conduct an exhaustive study on 24-hour congestion pattern of road segments in urban area, so that the spatial autoregressive moving average model (SARMA) was introduced to analyze the output from the clustering analysis to establish the relationship between built environment and the 24-hour congestion pattern. The clustering result classified the road segments into four congestion levels, while the regression explained 12 traffic-related factors and land use factors’ impact on road congestion pattern. The continuous congestion was found to mainly occur in the city center, and the factors, such as road type, bus station in the vicinity, ramp nearby, commercial land use and so on have large impact on congestion formation. The Fuzzy C-means clustering was proposed to be combined with quantitative spatial regression, and the overall evaluation process will assist to assess the spatial-temporal levels of service of traffic from the congestion perspective.
Evaluation of the Soil Response to the Successive Application of Aqueous Extracts from Canavalia Ensiformis Leaves Used as a Post-emergent Bioherbicide
Authors: Silva Darlan Ferreira , Rezende Maria Olimpia Oliveira
Published: August 2017

Soil is normally the final destination of pesticides applied to cultures. After a series of applications, various pesticides reach the soil due to direct application or leaf washing. However, some amount of the pesticides, particularly foliar pesticides, are intercepted and absorbed by the leaves of the weeds or by the culture itself. Plants contaminated with pesticides may return to the soil during the culture cycle (leaf senescence) or after harvesting (as crop residues). The destination of the pesticide residues in the soil from plant material is both generally ignored and unknown. The pesticide and its degradation products can be released into the soil during the decomposition of the plant, leading to an additional risk of environmental contamination. The greatest consideration when using pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, etc.) is the sensitivity and danger to other non-target species and organisms in the area of application. The adverse effects caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides, especially herbicides, receive substantial attention because they account for 45% of the world's total pesticide market. In this work, Tukey’s test was used (with a 5% level of probability) to compare soil responses to successive applications of aqueous extracts containing bioherbicides. In general, the existence of bioherbicide residues in soil did not change its properties relative to a control soil. The nutrients evaluated herein did not show a tendency to decrease or increase in concentration during successive applications of the extracts onto the weeds, including possible contact with the soil. The use of bioherbicide did not interfere with the availability of the nutrients or affect the soil fertility characteristics, and it consequently promoted the development of plants throughout the experiment. The persistence of the bioherbicide or its byproducts in soil should not be considered an environmental risk.
Science Teacher Candidates’ Learning and Studying Strategies in the Context of Self-regulation
Authors: Yilmaz Ozkan
Published: August 2017

This study investigated the students’ individual study and learning strategies. Toward this purpose, open ended question form was administered to 40 university students who have enrolled department of mathematics and science education, faculty of education. Students were selected randomly in all level of class. Qualitative research method was used in the research. All data collection was gathered by personally-written document. Results showed that students use various strategies in learning and studying. But, some strategies are not primarily related to one of ten of the components of strategic learning. Educators must not assume that university students already have skills and habits; they should help and teach them.
Quality Instruction as a Motivating Factor in Higher Education
Authors: Sogunro Olusegun A.
Published: August 2017

The importance of quality instruction in motivating students in higher education cannot be overemphasized. Without quality instruction, students’ motivation to learn recedes. Five focus groups of graduate students aided the data collection for this study. More than one-third of the 119 participating graduate students involved in this study claimed that quality of instruction was the raison d’être for their motivation in higher education. The implications of quality instruction for practice (i.e., andragogical competency, adequate preparation and organization, content and currency of knowledge, technological competency, resourcefulness, and dispositional attributes), institutional policy, and further research are also discussed.
O suicídio da presidente: a arte da mentira e a criação do consenso na grande imprensa brasileira
Authors: Silva Carla Luciana Souza da
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste texto é problematizar algumas questões sobre as dificuldades encontradas pelos historiadores no uso da imprensa como fonte. Mais especificamente, as concepções de verdade e mentira na mídia. Essas noções criam imensas dificuldades para a leitura do texto midiático, já que as mentiras possuem um lugar social e político. Há uma busca sistemática de consenso, de convencimento, mas as mesmas também são acompanhadas de manipulação. Por isso fica mais difícil separar os dois campos. Realidade e fantasia se misturam, e com isso elementos pessoais acabam se sobrepondo a posições políticas.
Um “sistema telefônico” aplicado à composição teatral: Dramaturgia e práticas teatrais no Rio de Janeiro da segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Souza Silvia Cristina Martins de
Published: August 2017

Na segunda metade do século XIX, o Rio de Janeiro assistiu a mudanças significativas no seu cenário cultural, no qual foram emergindo novas práticas em termos de lazer e de mercado. Neste artigo analisase uma delas: os diálogos estabelecidos entre os títulos de peças teatrais que se respondiam ou se parodiavam. Tais práticas criaram uma espécie de “sistema telefônico” baseado numa relação estreita entre palavra, intérprete, produtor e receptor, indo ao encontro das expectativas e interesses das plateias cada vez mais heterogêneas que assistiam às representações teatrais.
Clinical Supervision, a Proposal for Ensuring the Effectiveness of English Language Teaching at Public Universities in Colombia
Authors: Paba Luz Alba
Published: August 2017

This research is a report on a quantitative study carried out at the English Departments of three public universities in the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Its main purpose was to analyze the strategies English departments coordinators use to enhance the quality of education their institutions provide in terms of bilingualism. The participants were 39 English teachers and 3 English department coordinators. The results from this research revealed that all three universities struggled with their teachers’ assessment process, as well as, placed below the national average in their English language proficiency scores. As a result, a plan was designed for a strategy that would successfully meet the goals.
Nazorg voor ex-gedetineerden door Exodus: maakt het verschil?
Authors: van Wingerden Sigrid , Verweij Suzan , Wartna Bouke , Moerings Martin
Published: August 2017

Aftercare for former prisoners by Exodus: does it work? A study on reoffending rates among former prisoners who stayed in Exodus Halfway Houses in the period 1999-2012

Exodus is an organization aimed at assisting prisoners at their transition to society. In the Exodus halfway houses participants receive help in finding a house and a job, in improving relationships with family and friends and in giving meaning to life. This study uses a quasi-experimental design to investigate whether participating in the Exodus program reduces reoffending: the observed reoffending rate is compared to the reoffending rate that was predicted based on characteristics of the participants. The findings show that two years after leaving Exodus, 46.5% of the participants reoffended. This is 4.1 percent point less than the total population of former prisoners and 4.6 percent point less than the predicted reoffending rate.
Het intern beroep tegen studievoortgangsbeslissingen in het Vlaamse hoger onderwijs anno 2017
Authors: Mampaey Lien
Published: August 2017

Internal appeal against a negative study progress decision in Flemish higher education institutions

Since 2004 all students in Flemish universities and university colleges have the right to file an internal appeal within their institution against a negative study progress decision. This contribution gives an overview on what the current legal framework of such an internal appeals procedure looks like and aims to discuss some focal points (the composition of the committee, the hearing of a student, formal aspects when filing the appeal, …) when developing such a procedure.
Geschilbeslechtingscommissies in het bijzonder onderwijs
Authors: van Vliet Elmira
Published: August 2017

Commissions for conflict resolution in Dutch schools on a religious basis

This article is about the legal position (labor law) of employees in Dutch schools on a religious basis. Although the normal labor law is applicable in this situation, there are also some divergent regulations. Besides some history and background information, this article discusses some important recent developments in the involved commissions and the topics they can decide about. At last this article is about the legal status of the decisions of the commissions. Are they binding or not?
Body ownership promotes visual awareness
Authors: van der Hoort Björn , Reingardt Maria , Ehrsson H Henrik
Published: August 2017

The sense of ownership of one’s body is important for survival, e.g., in defending the body against a threat. However, in addition to affecting behavior, it also affects perception of the world. In the case of visuospatial perception, it has been shown that the sense of ownership causes external space to be perceptually scaled according to the size of the body. Here, we investigated the effect of ownership on another fundamental aspect of visual perception: visual awareness. In two binocular rivalry experiments, we manipulated the sense of ownership of a stranger’s hand through visuotactile stimulation while that hand was one of the rival stimuli. The results show that ownership, but not mere visuotactile stimulation, increases the dominance of the hand percept. This effect is due to a combination of longer perceptual dominance durations and shorter suppression durations. Together, these results suggest that the sense of body ownership promotes visual awareness.
Genetic variation in adaptability and pleiotropy in budding yeast
Authors: Jerison Elizabeth R , Kryazhimskiy Sergey , Mitchell James Kameron , Bloom Joshua S , Kruglyak Leonid , Desai Michael M
Published: August 2017

Evolution can favor organisms that are more adaptable, provided that genetic variation in adaptability exists. Here, we quantify this variation among 230 offspring of a cross between diverged yeast strains. We measure the adaptability of each offspring genotype, defined as its average rate of adaptation in a specific environmental condition, and analyze the heritability, predictability, and genetic basis of this trait. We find that initial genotype strongly affects adaptability and can alter the genetic basis of future evolution. Initial genotype also affects the pleiotropic consequences of adaptation for fitness in a different environment. This genetic variation in adaptability and pleiotropy is largely determined by initial fitness, according to a rule of declining adaptability with increasing initial fitness, but several individual QTLs also have a significant idiosyncratic role. Our results demonstrate that both adaptability and pleiotropy are complex traits, with extensive heritable differences arising from naturally occurring variation.