bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of computerised radiography in lieu of film radiography to streamline on-site pipe weld quality inspection process
Authors: Fernando Mangala , Fard Hamid
Published: June 2019

Conventional film radiography has long been the dominant method of non-destructive testing in the Australian pipeline industry. Although proven, the process has disadvantages, including environmental issues with chemical processing and film disposal, significant archival space requirements, film deterioration, and difficulty in traceability and safe sharing with others. In contrast, computerised radiography (CR), using a phosphorus-laden reusable imaging plate and X-ray radiation to generate a latent digitally scannable image, is a clean, compact and efficient process. Although CR has been used on other applications, such as profile radiography for more than a decade, the process has not been considered advanced enough for weld testing until now. After a comprehensive qualification/validation process, CR was successfully used on 481 km of the 622-km-long Northern Gas Pipeline (NGP) Project by McConnell Dowell in the Northern Territory. Proven on approximately 26000 welds, this thinking has changed for good.
Pushing the boundaries – deployment of innovative drilling, completion and production technology to advance a deep coal seam play
Authors: Branajaya Romi , Archer Peter , Farley Andrew
Published: June 2019

Following technical success of vertical and deviated wells, Strike Energy audaciously continued to push the envelope while proving the commerciality of the deep coal seam play in PEL96. It was clear that extending the reservoir contact area of the wellbore and using innovative dewatering to significantly increase drainage was prudent. A horizontal well intercepting a vertical well coupled with multi-stage fracture stimulation was selected to achieve that goal. Furthermore, a new application of wide operating range electric submersible pumps would enable dewatering to much lower water rates to avoid running the pumps dry or damaging the fracture network upon gas desorption and breakthrough. Although a wellbore stability issue was encountered during the well construction phase, requiring a modified well trajectory, the horizontal well successfully intercepted the vertical well, reaching planned total measured depth. It also altered fracture stimulation approach to an indirect vertical fracture completion application, whereby fractures are initiated from the interburden layer below the coal seam. A million pounds of proppant was successfully placed in seven fracture stages. During the proppant pumping, diagnostic tools (tiltmeter and microseismic) and chemical tracers were utilised. The real-time microseismic confirmed the propagation of fracture from interburden upwards into the target coal seam. This presents the integration of well performance, subsurface information, past drilling practices and stimulation treatment results to support the decision-making process of a horizontal well construction and stimulation design as well as integration of real-time information to overcome operation difficulties and optimise well delivery. Tracer samplings and ongoing production testing during dewatering are also presented.
From the Beetaloo to West Texas: similarities, differences and lessons learned from water management in coal seam and shale field developments on either side of the Pacific
Authors: Webster Brian D. , Churman Holly , Benjamin Chris , Long Julian , Goebel Brett M.
Published: June 2019

Water management presents a host of challenges and opportunities for operators developing unconventional onshore gas fields. Water supply, recycling and disposal issues affect each stage of field development and operation. Sourcing water and production of produced and flow back water has important implications for water availability and management of the unique environmental risks. All water source and produced water decisions come with costs. From the treatment and reuse of coal seam gas (CSG) produced water, through to the storage and ultimate disposal of water containing elevated salinity and organic loads in shale fields, the costs for water management fundamentally contribute to the economics of unconventional gas developments. In this paper, we will draw on experience in both CSG and shale field water management to compare the respective water management challenges and opportunities faced by operators in these industries. A series of case studies will be used to highlight the differences between the CSG and shale fields. This will include assessment of a West Texas shale field development, where field specific data, such as well-to-well distance and travel time between them, has been used to identify and compare produced water management options. We will use these indicators to demonstrate how alternative ways to assess produced water options, based on economics, can reveal creative management strategies that achieve a variety of goals at every stage of field development, including maximising reuse and minimising disposal.
Social licence has changed. It is time to build trust with society using the tools of today
Authors: Johnston-Billings Amber , Pogmore Louise , Kaiser Mike
Published: June 2019

International oil and gas companies have poured significant resources into building social licence since the 1990s. Despite this extensive effort at a local community level adjacent to operations, social licence has not been consistently gained and broad-based community trust in the industry is lacking. This paper argues that social licence has not been achieved globally, because oil and gas companies have failed to respond directly and appropriately to the concerns of all stakeholders. We argue that while international oil and gas companies have largely been successful in achieving and communicating the benefits they bring at a local level, in terms of royalties, local community investment, jobs and even in environmental credentials, they have not achieved social licence because it is no longer granted by only local communities. It extends to a potentially more powerful group of largely urban dwelling broader society, enabled by technology, especially social media. A new way of communicating and operating is required if oil and gas companies want to avoid the loss of social licence in future. This article contends three distinct opportunities to strengthen social licence in today’s context:
1. Understand and use social media to proactively address the concerns of all of your stakeholders. This includes responding to societal and global issues, which no longer centre on the ‘jobs, taxes and philanthropy’ dialogue that has been the mainstay of oil and gas industry communications;
2. Stress the role gas has as an enabler of renewable energy development and penetration; and
3. Review your investment strategy in light of the scientific reality of climate change. To gain social licence in future, action will be required to follow the lead of some fossil fuel majors who have already moved to build a new world, decarbonised portfolio of the future.
Enabling a CCS industry through research at the CO2CRC National Otway Research Facility
Authors: Raab Matthias , Jenkins Charles , Pevzner Roman , Qader Abdul
Published: June 2019

The CO2CRC Otway Research Facility is Australia’s first demonstration of carbon capture and storage. The Otway Research Facility was established in 2007 to demonstrate scientific, technical, legal, regulatory and social aspects of successfully operating a carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. The facility is also globally unique as it has its own CO2 production well (Buttress-1) on site. For more than a decade, experiments with strong national and international collaboration at the Otway Research Facility continue to provide strong value to an emerging global CCS industry, not only due to the activities taking place, but also because of the specific scientific, social, political and regulatory environments at the time of execution. The Otway facility has one of world’s most comprehensive characterisation, injection, monitoring and verification programs, and its successful project outcomes have not only met and helped further guide CCS legislation within Australia, but also assisted underpinning the regulatory and business case for large commercial CCS projects in Australia and overseas. In addition, the Otway Capture Facility is a hub for CO2 capture research for high pressure and high CO2 content natural gases. Tests are being conducted using adsorption and three different types of membrane-based gas separation technologies. These technologies have the potential to become available for natural gas processing on production platforms and floating production storage and offloading vessels.
A practical guide to IT OT convergence – getting value from your business analytics
Authors: Byfield Russell
Published: June 2019

A lot of time, effort and money has been and is being spent by operating companies and service companies in collecting data from many different sources, agglomerating that data, carrying out analytics on that data with the intention of turning that data into actionable insights that positively impact safety, environment, operations and profitability. This has been done with varying levels of success by approaching the problem from either an information technology (IT) or an operational technology (OT) point of view. What we are finding is that the best outcomes are achieved by having IT and OT domain experience with operational industry expertise within the same team. This has proven to be the case in other industries. There is also a need to understand edge and cloud actionable insights delivery in order to determine the optimal balance of edge and cloud delivery in a hybrid solution model. There is a continuum of analytics from high speed analytics at the edge, for such things as assisting regulatory control and real-time safety system diagnostics, to data lake analysis in the cloud, for planning, supply chain and business prioritisation and optimisation. Some analytics are best done at the edge; some are better done in the cloud. It’s a ‘horses for courses’ approach. The nature of the desired outcome, the required actionable insight and the nature of the data gathering are critical in determining the most effective approach. This paper discusses several examples of how this integrated IT OT approach took a desired outcome and turned it into an analytics platform that delivered significant value to the business. This paper cites examples of edge and cloud analytics that are enabled by integrating clever and sufficient industrial internet of things (IIoT) connectivity, which lead to actionable insights. These, in turn, ensured the correct action was effectively applied to the correct part(s) of the business operation, resulting in effective achievement of the desired outcome.
East coast gas: resource potential at different gas price scenarios (Part 2: commercialisation of unconventional gas resources)
Authors: Collins Joe , Cockerill Ian , Rasheed Zain
Published: June 2019

Rising gas prices in the eastern Australian gas market, as well as forecast supply shortages in years to come, are driving speculation about LNG import requirements for the market. There are significant similarities with the gas market experience in the USA in the early 2000s which led to the construction of many LNG import terminals, the parallel rise of unconventional gas production and the subsequent mothballing of the LNG import facilities at huge economic cost. A comprehensive east coast gas market study has been carried out based on the 2P reserves positions for domestic gas producers. This data has been paired with a range of gas demand forecasts to identify the probable supply gap on the east coast over the next 10 years. A market response to the high gas pricing in the form of new developments is already underway. In a separate paper (Part 1) all potential domestic sources of unconventional gas to fill that gap were analysed to determine likely gas supply rates, development schedules and breakeven supply costs for each of the major demand centres. This paper (Part 2) illustrates the required gas prices to drive unconventional gas development in Australia, the subsequent scale of new unconventional gas supplies to the forecast gaps in the market and describes how those developments can reverse the trend of rising prices over time.
360-degree stakeholder management driving successful CO2 storage research
Authors: De Fina Aaron , Chable Marc , Wills Cameron
Published: June 2019

The CO2CRC Otway Project continues to demonstrate that carbon capture and storage is a viable option for CO2 mitigation. The CO2CRC Otway Project is Australia’s first CO2 demonstration project, with two projects completed, involving geological storage of some 80000 tonnes of CO2 over the past 10 years. The project was initially authorised for a single stage with a finite life, but the growing requirements of the global carbon capture and storage community required further research on carbon capture and storage technologies and behaviour (via Stages 2 and 3), and so the project was extended. CO2CRC has undertaken 360-degree stakeholder engagement processes throughout the project, regularly consulting with regulators, governments, industry, partners, researchers and the community. This has been especially important as the project changed, operating in a niche space between Victorian environment, petroleum and water Acts. This process has allowed CO2CRC to contribute to alignment efforts within regulatory bodies, to enhance regulations to cover project activities, ensuring best practices are documented and observed to the satisfaction of the regulators and wider community. The Otway Basin in south-west Victoria is a region not immune to broader community concerns regarding the oil and gas and other industries. The surrounding area is predominately dairy farming, with locals relying heavily on the aquifers beneath their land. Although such a backdrop suggests potentially high levels of concern and scrutiny, especially when projects necessitate drilling or other invasive activities, the project has maintained strong local stakeholder engagement and support due to ongoing implementation and evaluation of the stakeholder management processes.
Moomba reset – breathing new life into a 50 year old asset
Authors: Santostefano Vincent
Published: June 2019

Santos has big ambitions for the asset that started it all. We are setting up Moomba for the next 50 years. Moomba is more than just a gas plant, it is a township. Its primary industry is processing oil and gas, it operates off the grid by generating its own power, produces its own water, and provides accommodation to many businesses and hundreds of workers each night. The gas plant had received the most attention, in a structured program of maintenance and rejuvenation, generating high levels of safety and reliability that will extend the life of the facility for many years. However, Santos has now adopted an integrated town-plan approach towards Moomba to restore this nationally vital asset as a state of the art processing, storage and transportation hub, servicing east coast and southern gas markets. Whereas Santos has been successful in reducing its field-based resources footprint through technology and efficiency, Moomba’s physical footprint had not kept pace. Through consolidation of working places and delivery locations, reduction in physical footprints for warehousing, yards and accommodation, and a major renovation of the camp facilities, Santos is breathing new life into an aging asset. At the same time, Santos is keeping costs down through cooperative and sustainable arrangements with existing suppliers and contractors. It has also identified real value through the opportunity to provide Cooper Basin-wide services to maintenance, operations and projects from the Moomba Township.
Industry 4.0 and the digital transformation journey
Authors: Makin David , Boyle Evan
Published: June 2019

Industry 4.0 is upon us and our leaders are reimagining what our industrial world should look like. We are embracing more and more automation, big data analytics, machine learning and artificial intelligence in the quest for productivity and safety. The industry talks of social responsibility and sustainability, and these drivers are changing the world in which we work and the ways we interact. Although physical changes (new equipment, systems and tools) are relatively easy to fathom, the social impact is not. Traditional business services, execution and operational models are changing or even disappearing, and methods of interaction are equally diverse. This paper explores the roles we play, will play and must play as we look to the future. Business execution, business operation and the support it requires are transitioning. We operate facilities remotely, see failures before they happen and interact with the virtual world to better understand the real one. These present new and exciting opportunities with different skills and approaches to traditional industry. How we effect this transformation in the social world is just as important to the success of Industry 4.0 as the technology revolution. The complex mix of physical, digital and social interplay in delivering the safety and productivity vision of the shiny future is reviewed from the personal standpoint. Because, although the rise of Industry 4.0 is upon us, it is the people who will make it successful.
Opening comments from facilitator - Staying the course – east coast gas market challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fullerton Ticky
Published: June 2019

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click the link on the right.
Panel discussion: Staying the course – east coast gas market challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fullerton Ticky , Canavan Matt , Fay Nathan , Sims Rod , Gallagher Kevin , Hodge Andrew
Published: June 2019

There is not an abstract available for this discussion. To view the video, click the link on the right.
Awards recipients at APPEA 2019
Authors:   APPEA
Published: June 2019

Alan Prince Award for Best Peer Reviewed Paper published in the 2019 APPEA Journal
Joe Edgell (ERM), Jeremy Colman (ERM), Samantha Jarvis (S2 Services) and Ollie Glade-Wright (Cooper Energy) for Demonstrating an acceptable level of impact: an assessment of noise impacts to fishes from a seismic survey in an Australian Marine Park
Best Extended Abstract published in the APPEA 2019 Conference Proceedings
Graeme Bethune and Rick Wilkinson (EnergyQuest) for Gas markets – a bridge too far?
Best Oral Presentation at the APPEA 2019 Conference
Gero Farruggio (Rystad Energy) for Renewed energy in Asia’s upstream sector
Best Poster Presentation at the APPEA 2019 Conference
Peter Downey, Jon Thomas and Mark Stone (Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy) for From initial advice statement to export – a 10 year retrospective of Queensland’s liquefied natural gas industry
2019 APPEA Safety Project Excellence Award – Subsea7
2019 APPEA Safety Company Excellence Award – BHP
2019 APPEA Environment Project Excellence Award – Santos
2019 APPEA Environment Company Excellence Award – Woodside
Best Custom Build of the APPEA 2019 Exhibition – INPEX
Best Shell Scheme Stand of the APPEA 2019 Exhibition – Tremco Pipeline Equipment
Unified cochlear model for low- and high-frequency mammalian hearing
Authors: Sasmal Aritra , Grosh Karl
Published: June 2019

Significance

Developing a mathematical model that predicts the response of the cochlea over the entirety of the cochlear spiral has been an outstanding challenge in the field. Without such a model, an accurate representation of interactions occurring inside the cochlea in response to complex signals like speech sounds or tone combinations that evoke clinically relevant otoacoustic emissions is impossible. We show that incorporation of the taper of the cochlear ducts and macro- and microscale fluid viscosity along with the subtle change of the intricate cochlear cytoarchitecture into a mechano-electric–acoustic model provide the key ingredients to represent the mechanical and neural tuning from the base to the apex of the cochlea.
Environment-to-phenotype mapping and adaptation strategies in varying environments
Authors: Xue BingKan , Sartori Pablo , Leibler Stanislas
Published: June 2019

Significance

A fundamental difference between living and nonliving systems is that organisms can evolve responsive adaptation to external conditions. We present a theoretical framework, which unifies different adaptation strategies encountered in biology. Central to our approach is the introduction of an environment-to-phenotype mapping describing how organisms’ traits or behavior depend on the environment. In contrast to commonly considered genotype-to-phenotype mapping, our approach emphasizes an evolutionary rather than mechanistic understanding of organisms. Our phenomenological model, inspired by artificial neural networks, also allows us to study the importance of the dimensionality of internal representations for the adaptation strategies.
The effect of task repetition on the patterns of interaction of ESL children
Authors: Azkarai Agurtzane , García Mayo María del Pilar , Oliver Rhonda
Published: June 2019

Research on collaborative work has explored the benefits of task repetition (TR) for L2 development. TR has been claimed to improve L2 complexity, accuracy and fluency, provide opportunities for feedback, and increase learners’ engagement in their L2, as reported in studies that have explored patterns of interaction. Research on this topic, particularly that undertaken with EFL children as participants, has gained attention in recent years. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding the impact of TR on the patterns of interaction and on the opportunities to receive feedback for child ESL learners. The aim of the present study is to address this gap examining the interactions of 28 young ESL learners who completed the same spot-the-difference task twice within a 3-month time frame. The findings showed that the majority of pairs represented patterns of interaction with low levels of mutuality (i.e. engagement) and upon TR these patterns barely varied. However, regardless of learners’ patterns of interaction, these ESL learners provided feedback and negotiated during task-based interaction, especially the collaborative pairs.
Anisotropy of Gum Metal analysed by ultrasonic measurement and digital image correlation
Authors: Golasiński Karol , Pieczyska Elżbieta , Maj Michał , Mackiewicz Sławomir , Staszczak Maria , Kowalewski Zbigniew , Urbański Leszek , Zubko Maciej , Takesue Naohisa
Published: June 2019

The mechanical anisotropy of a multifunctional titanium alloy, Gum Metal, is investigated in this paper. The structural characterisation showed a strong <110> texture for Gum Metal, that is a result of the cold-swaging process applied during its manufacture. Gum Metal was treated as a transversally isotropic solid because of this texture. A significant difference from Young's moduli of the alloy was detected from the ultrasonic measurement of parallel and perpendicular directions to the alloy swaging direction. Samples of Gum Metal cubes were compressed in two different orientations. During the deformation process, two perpendicular walls of each sample were monitored by two visible range cameras for further two-dimensional digital image correlation analysis, this confirmed a strong plastic anisotropy in Gum Metal.

This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on The Crystallographic Aspects of Metallic Alloys.
Microtubules promote intercellular contractile force transmission during tissue folding
Authors: Ko Clint S. , Tserunyan Vardges , Martin Adam C.
Published: June 2019

During development, forces transmitted between cells are critical for sculpting epithelial tissues. Actomyosin contractility in the middle of the cell apex (medioapical) can change cell shape (e.g., apical constriction) but can also result in force transmission between cells via attachments to adherens junctions. How actomyosin networks maintain attachments to adherens junctions under tension is poorly understood. Here, we discovered that microtubules promote actomyosin intercellular attachments in epithelia during Drosophila melanogaster mesoderm invagination. First, we used live imaging to show a novel arrangement of the microtubule cytoskeleton during apical constriction: medioapical Patronin (CAMSAP) foci formed by actomyosin contraction organized an apical noncentrosomal microtubule network. Microtubules were required for mesoderm invagination but were not necessary for initiating apical contractility or adherens junction assembly. Instead, microtubules promoted connections between medioapical actomyosin and adherens junctions. These results delineate a role for coordination between actin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems in intercellular force transmission during tissue morphogenesis.
Spastin tethers lipid droplets to peroxisomes and directs fatty acid trafficking through ESCRT-III
Authors: Chang Chi-Lun , Weigel Aubrey V. , Ioannou Maria S. , Pasolli H. Amalia , Xu C. Shan , Peale David R. , Shtengel Gleb , Freeman Melanie , Hess Harald F. , Blackstone Craig , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer
Published: June 2019

Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral lipid storage organelles that transfer lipids to various organelles including peroxisomes. Here, we show that the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein M1 Spastin, a membrane-bound AAA ATPase found on LDs, coordinates fatty acid (FA) trafficking from LDs to peroxisomes through two interrelated mechanisms. First, M1 Spastin forms a tethering complex with peroxisomal ABCD1 to promote LD–peroxisome contact formation. Second, M1 Spastin recruits the membrane-shaping ESCRT-III proteins IST1 and CHMP1B to LDs via its MIT domain to facilitate LD-to-peroxisome FA trafficking, possibly through IST1- and CHMP1B-dependent modifications in LD membrane morphology. Furthermore, LD-to-peroxisome FA trafficking mediated by M1 Spastin is required to relieve LDs of lipid peroxidation. M1 Spastin’s dual roles in tethering LDs to peroxisomes and in recruiting ESCRT-III components to LD–peroxisome contact sites for FA trafficking may underlie the pathogenesis of diseases associated with defective FA metabolism in LDs and peroxisomes.
LTK is an ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates secretion
Authors: Centonze Federica G. , Reiterer Veronika , Nalbach Karsten , Saito Kota , Pawlowski Krzysztof , Behrends Christian , Farhan Hesso
Published: June 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key regulator of cellular proteostasis because it controls folding, sorting, and degradation of secretory proteins. Much has been learned about how environmentally triggered signaling pathways regulate ER function, but only little is known about local signaling at the ER. The identification of ER-resident signaling molecules will help gain a deeper understanding of the regulation of ER function and thus of proteostasis. Here, we show that leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) is an ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase. Depletion of LTK as well as its pharmacologic inhibition reduces the number of ER exit sites and slows ER-to-Golgi transport. Furthermore, we show that LTK interacts with and phosphorylates Sec12. Expression of a phosphoablating mutant of Sec12 reduces the efficiency of ER export. Thus, LTK-to-Sec12 signaling represents the first example of an ER-resident signaling module with the potential to regulate proteostasis.
Myosin lever arm orientation in muscle determined with high angular resolution using bifunctional spin labels
Authors: Savich Yahor , Binder Benjamin P. , Thompson Andrew R. , Thomas David D.
Published: June 2019

Despite advances in x-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and fluorescence polarization, none of these techniques provide high-resolution structural information about the myosin light chain domain (LCD; lever arm) under ambient conditions in vertebrate muscle. Here, we measure the orientation of LCD elements in demembranated muscle fibers by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using a bifunctional spin label (BSL) with an angular resolution of 4°. To achieve stereoselective site-directed labeling with BSL, we engineered a pair of cysteines in the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), either on helix E or helix B, which are roughly parallel or perpendicular to the myosin lever arm, respectively. By exchanging BSL-labeled RLC onto oriented muscle fibers, we obtain EPR spectra from which the angular distributions of BSL, and thus the lever arm, can be determined with high resolution relative to the muscle fiber axis. In the absence of ATP (rigor), each of the two labeled helices exhibits both ordered (σ ∼9–11°) and disordered (σ > 38°) populations. Using these angles to determine the orientation of the lever arm (LCD combined with converter subdomain), we observe that the oriented population corresponds to a lever arm that is perpendicular to the muscle fiber axis and that the addition of ATP in the absence of Ca2+ (inducing relaxation) shifts the orientation to a much more disordered orientational distribution. Although the detected orientation of the myosin light chain lever arm is ∼33° different than predicted from a standard “lever arm down” model based on cryo-EM of actin decorated with isolated myosin heads, it is compatible with, and thus augments and clarifies, fluorescence polarization, x-ray interference, and EM data obtained from muscle fibers. These results establish feasibility for high-resolution detection of myosin LCD rotation during muscle contraction.
Impact of Gobal Climate Change on the Dynamics of Carbon Balance of Plant Communities in South Asia
Authors: Kurbatova A I , Tarko A M
Published: June 2019

Assessment of the status of ecosystems experiencing anthropogenic impact is based on the ability of plant communities in such ecosystems to withstand these disturbances or to mitigate their effects fast enough. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of global climate change on carbon balance of plant communities of South Asia. To achieve this objective, the spatial model of global carbon cycle developed by the Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS CC) was used to calculate the impact of industrial CO2 emissions as well as the main causes of carbon losses in the investigated region (deforestation and soil erosion) on the dynamics of carbon accumulation in the humus and phytomass of forest ecosystems. India was selected as a model country to assess and compare the compensatory functions of plant communities. On the basis of the spatial mathematical model of the global carbon cycle in the biosphere, changes in CO emissions as a result of burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and soil erosion associated with improper land use in South Asia were estimated. The impact of deforestation and soil erosion on climate change in South Asia is forecast up to the year 2060. A comparison of regulatory functions of different types of plant communities was performed for the study area. The calculations data revealed some regularities occurring in the ecosystems of South Asia under the impact of CO2 emissions, deforestation, and soil erosion due to improper land use. Mathematical modelling has shown the dependence of growth of humus and phytomass of vegetation on the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Quantitative forecast of the dynamics of the ecosystem characteristics of plant communities depending on the growing region has been performed.
Development of the Express Method for Controlling Uranium Compounds in Natural Waters in Emergency Situations on Floating Nuclear Thermal Power Plants
Authors: Kulinkovich A V , Sakova N V , Tumanov A Yu
Published: June 2019

The urgency ofdeveloping an express method for controlling uranium compounds in natural waters is established. Methods for determining uranium in environmental objects are considered and the inability touse them for express controlling of natural waters directly at the site of an accident is emphasized. The analysis of literature sources indicating the presence of associated states in water has been carried out. It is pointed out that in the presence of variable valence metals in aqueous solutions, conditions arise for phase reconstruction in associated states of water, where there is a local change in the dielectric and chemical parameters accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species. At the same time, the analysis of known methods of photochemical, radiation-chemical and catalyticgeneration of oxygen radical forms shows their endothermic character, and the reaction of direct oxidation of water is extremely difficult because of the high energy barrier and high activation energy of this reaction. The task for carrying out a research to develop an express method for controlling uranyls in water is outlined.
Traffic Safety Assessment in Water Area
Authors: Grinyak V M , Devyatisilnyi A S , Ivanenko Y S
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the navigational safety of marine traffic. It examines the problem of determining the degree of danger of traffic scheme employed in a certain water area. The most important factor determining the safety of traffic in the water area is frequency of dangerous approaches. Metric of this or that sections of the water area is suggested to be introduced as one of possible variations based on a number and localization of closest points of approach. Specialized Internet resources of free access are used as a source of trajectory data. Your attention is called to traffic modeling technique based on reducing global geographical coordinates to local rectangular and piecewise-linear interpolation. It is shown that despite inaccuracy of initial navigational data and frequency limitation of received information, there is a possibility to create a stable picture(image) of dangerous sections of dangerous sections of water areas. The work is accompanied with the results of the study made on location. Estimation analysis of danger to traffic in the waters of the Inner Sea of Japan has been presented.
Studying the Effect of High Molecular Flocculants on Separation of Distillation Suspension - the Main Waste of Soda Ash Production
Authors: Kurbangaleeva M H
Published: June 2019

Distillation suspensionis a volumetric waste of soda ash production by the ammonia method which is discharged into sludge collectors(so-called “white seas”) occupying hundreds of hectares of land and requiring large investment costs for their construction and maintenance. In order to reducethe volumeof this waste, a method of filtering the distillation suspension is offered which results in formation of a clarified liquid and a solid part (cake).

The effect of high molecular flocculants on the settlingacceleration of solid part ofdistillation suspension is studied. To make a comparative analysis of various flocculants during the precipitation of solid part of distillation suspension, laboratory tests were conducted. For the experiments, the following flocculants were used: Praestol, Flopam, and Besflock.

In laboratory experiments, 1% solutions of flocculants were used which were subsequently diluted to the desired concentration. Proceeding from the results of laboratory tests, it was shown that the effect of flocculants on the settling process acceleration of solid part of distillation suspension was different.

Thus, it is established that the use of flocculants can be recommended to intensify the separation process of the solid part of distillation suspension - the main waste of soda ash production.
Designing a Control System for Underground Water Intakes
Authors: Malkov A V , Pershin I M , Pomelyayko I S
Published: June 2019

The hydrolytosphere as a multicomponent system is very complex in its structure. Management of hydrolysis processes involves consideration of three aspects: improving the methods for determining the parameters of hydraulic communication of aquifers, capacitive and filtration properties; improvement of methods for constructing mathematical models; development and improvement of principles and methods for constructing control systems for hydrolytospheric processes. It is known that mathematical models describing hydrolithospheric processes, as a rule, do not have an analytical solution. To describe the dynamic characteristics of the object under consideration, the structure of a non-standard approximating link is considered. The technique for determining the parameters of the link in question is used to describe the static and dynamic characteristics of the “production well-formation” process. The distributed hydrolithospheric process and the concentrated, scalar effect on this process are considered. The input influence on the control object is the production well output, the output function is the deviation of the level at the well sampling point. The parameters of the approximating link can be calculated either using the results of the experiment at the working well or using the simulation results of the process under consideration.
The Method of Shut-off Valves Optimal Placing on Trunk Oil Pipeline
Authors: Afinogentov A A , Ivanova N I , Fedotova I A
Published: June 2019

The shut-off valves are an important element to the safe operation of a trunk oil pipeline. Actual problem of shut-off valves optimal placing on trunk oil pipeline is defined with respect to minimal oil spill during accidents and planning repair operations. The method of optimal placing is presented as a problem of nonlinear mathematical programming with limits and these limits are minimal distance between line valves. The solution of mathematical programming problem is given with the help of rigorous (alternance) parametric optimization method which is founded on special qualities ultimate solution. The approach of shut-off valves placing on three and four linear block valves taking into account typical cases. The results of optimal linear block valves placing calculation are shown at a site of trunk oil pipeline 77 km long. As a result of the application of the proposed technique, a reduction of the maximum volume of oil spill on the linear part of the oil trunk pipeline by 25 percent or a reduction in the number of shut-off valves from four to three for the initial value of the maximum oil spill can be achieve.
Method of Oil and Gas Fields Construction on the Continental Shelf of the Arctic Seas
Authors: Perfilov V A , Parkhomenko D S , Pletnev M S
Published: June 2019

In this article we consider the problem of field development on the continental shelf consisting in technological complexity and high capital investments of construction of sea oil and gas constructions in water areas of the Arctic seas. We consider the main advantages of a mine and tunnel way of arrangement of sea oil and gas fields as more effective and economic method of field development. We analyse conditions and possibilities of application of tunneling shield for construction of a tunnel under a seabed. We analyse a possibility of operation of coiled tubing unit for development of wells. We offer the perspective way of construction of underwater oil and gas construction combining building of an underground tunnel under a seabed by means of a tunnelling shield and application in a tunnel of the coiled tubing equipment for well-drilling.
How Parameters of the Used Equipment Influence on Efficiency of Exploitation of Cyclic-Flow Technology Complexes
Authors: Glebov A V , Semenkin A V , Karmaev G D , Bersenev V A
Published: June 2019

Influence of parameters of the used equipment on conditions of application of the cyclic-flow technology complexes (CFT) in comparison with an excavator and automobile complex (EAC) is considered in this article. Dependences of quantitative change of indicators of efficiency of application (a relative discounted specific expenses, a specific metal consumption, a specific power consumption, a labour productivity, assignments for air contamination) on height of rock formation’s rising when using excavators with a volume of ladle from 5 to 20 cubic meters and dump trucks with a loading capacity from 45 to 130 tons in the CFT complexes are defined during the research. The preferable conditions of application of the CFT complexes with costs and without costs of a board rating when ore mining and overburden. As a result of realization of the research it is defined that in spite of the fact that using of more potent equipment influences on the quantitative value of indicators of effectiveness, the preferable conditions of application of the CFT complexes in comparison with EAC practically do not change.
Ways to Improve the Drillers’ Working Clothes as an Element of the Work Safety System
Authors: Girfanova L R , Teregulova Z S , Krasovsky V O
Published: June 2019

The article, based on the analysis of indicators of working conditions and risk factors that contribute to the development of occupational diseases in the oil producing industry, presents modern approaches to reduce the impact of harmful factors on the health of employees of the main profession - drillers as the most popular profession in the oil and gas industry. The requirements for working clothes and the prospects for their application are justified, as well as the necessity to implement the principle of multifunctionality, the use of modern achievements in various branches of knowledge and new technologies in the production of overalls as personal protective equipment.
The Elaboration of Day-to-Day Operation Procedures for Passenger Rail Transportation Aimed at the Realization of the Strategic Goals of a Passenger Company
Authors: Kitanina K V , Kalikina T N
Published: June 2019

This paper is devoted to the development of methodology for the day-to-day operation procedures for passenger rail transportation in the light of decease in passenger traffic. We have accentuated factors that have the most negative influence on the organization of passenger traffic in the Russian Federation. We have determined the goal state for rail transport for commuters and long distance passenger traffic. We also investigated measures for day-to-day operation as well as conditions for employment of these procedures under fluctuations of passenger traffic to substantiate the need for further elaboration and improvement of these procesures. In this work we have developed a sequence of day-to-day operations; as the criterion for switching from one procedure to another we have chosen the seating capacity factor in consideration of the carriage type, demand for a certain car type and the traffic route of the train. The results of experimental research showed the efficiency of the methodology developed.
Research of AC Traction Network’s Relay Protection Operating Under Heavy Haul Traffic Conditions
Authors: Pinchukov P S , Makasheva S I
Published: June 2019

Backgrounds and trends of increasing volumes of heavy haul traffic in the Far East of Russia are briefly reviewed. The results of long-term observations of the load conditions parameters of the relay protection gears of AC traction network of Russian Railways Holding are given. Changes that occurred in the operation of the AC traction network’s relay protection during last 10 years in the example of traction substations at the Far East of Russia are considered. The conditions of the experiment and the method of the obtained data processing are described in detail. The need for the development and implementation of relay protection devices with new forms of angular characteristics at Russia’s traction networks is justified.
Transition Model: to the Ecologically Balanced Development of the Ecosystem of Wellness Resort Territories
Authors: Pavlenko I G , Ostovskaya A A , Kirenkina E S
Published: June 2019

The article rationalizes theoretical aspects of balanced development of wellness resort recreational ecosystems. The wellness resort recreational ecosystem is specifically defined as a spatial system of interconnected ecological, economic and social components, which allows for more accurate elaboration of the methodology basis of the wellness resort stable development concept. The research has in focus the basic features of wellness resort balanced development and provides a characteristic of ecologically balanced recreational management of natural resources, analyzes and summarizes basic principles and specifics of recreational natural resource management. The methods applied include measuring recreational load and extent of recreational digression which were adapted for the current research purpose and resulted in defining the extent of recreational load and stages of recreational digression. A shift towards ecologically balanced development of recreational ecosystem has been proven to be an urgent need and may be achieved through applying the elaborated model and efficient policy targeting ecologically balanced development.
Petrochemical Compound-Based Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Gabitov A I
Published: June 2019

The results of applying intermediate products and petrochemical wastes for making corrosion inhibitors are analyzed herein. Behavior of a number of 1,3-diheterocycloalcanes-based corrosion inhibitors is reviewed. Analysis of corrosion-electrochemical test results with steel samples to be applied in oil and gas facilities construction has become the principal approach to this study. Kinetic parameters of cathodic reactions are found by analyzing Tafel sections of polarization curves taken in the blank medium while injecting various compounds thereto. Experimental criteria defining the mechanism of cathodic release of hydrogen both in uninhibited and inhibited acidic corrosive media are found. 1,3-dioxolane derivatives are not demonstrated to actually affect the cathodic reaction parameters but they are blocking inhibitors; while oxazines and carbamates are mixed inhibitors. The results of corrosion-electrochemical tests may be used to study the mechanism of the corrosion inhibition with the studied compounds.
Resource-Saving Technology of Wastewater Treatment of Factories of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Moskvicheva A V , Shchitova T V , Ibragimova Z K
Published: June 2019

A low-waste resource-saving technology for wastewater treatment from emulsified contaminants at the construction industry enterprises was developed. The technology allows reusing purified water, processing organic pollutants into secondary raw materials.

Laboratory and industrial tests were carried out. The experimental data were obtained with the use of instruments, equipment, providing the required accuracy, reliability of the measurement results, processed using the mathematical statistics of experiment planning, confirmed by implementation in production.

The conditions for the destruction of water-organic emulsions by a constant electric current in a device with insoluble anodes have been studied. The main factors were identified and analyzed: electrode material, solution electrical conductivity, current density, electrolyte composition, hydrogen value, temperature and processing time. The optimal parameters of the purification process are established. The kinetics of the process has been studied. A probabilistic mechanism for the destruction of emulsified organic substances in the investigated medium is presented.

On the experimental unit, the operations of averaging, sedimentation, electrochemical treatment, secondary sedimentation and the return of purified water to the technological cycle were worked out and introduced into production. The technological regulations were developed.
The Change of Operational Properties of Polyvinylchloride Film on Exposure to Microwave Radiation
Authors: Bondar K E , Suleymanov D F , Laponov S V
Published: June 2019

The article considers the study of Polyvinylchloride film properties and their change on exposure to microwave radiation with relatively low doses of energy. The work relevance is caused by wide application of products on PVC basis and their good interaction with electromagnetic radiation. The experiments have shown the improvement of operational properties at energy doses from 10 to 30 kJ / kg. The proposed method is more environmentally friendly, energy efficient compared with traditional methods of improving the polyvinylchloride film properties.