bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENATAAN PARKIR DI BADAN JALAN KOTA PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Maulidya Ichda , Kurniati Ni Luh Wayan Rita , Andari Tania
Published: June 2021

Pemindahan Kantor Balai Kota Payakumbuh dari Bukik Sibaluik (daerah pinggiran kota) ke Balai Kota baru (daerah pusat kota) di Jalan Veteran disinyalir sebagai salah satu penyebab kemacetan di kawasan central business district (CBD) Kota Payakumbuh. Adanya aktivitas perparkiran kendaraan roda dua dan empat di badan jalan, tingginya volume kendaraan yang melintas, dan keterbatasan ruang parkir pada beberapa pusat kegiatan Kota Payakumbuh menjadi penyebab penurunan lebar jalur lalu lintas efektif khususnya pada jam sibuk pagi dan sore hari. Pada penelitian ini, akan dianalisis kebutuhan ruang parkir mobil dan sepeda motor serta strategi penataan parkir pada badan jalan di Kota Payakumbuh dengan menggunakan analisis Satuan Ruang Parkir (SRP). Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa indeks parkir di ruas Jalan Jenderal Sudirman masih mencukupi, sedangkan di ruas Jalan Soekarno - Hatta dan Ahmad Yani, kebutuhan parkir eksisting telah melampaui kapasitas normal (IP100%). Oleh karena itu, maka strategi penataan parkir di badan jalan Kota Payakumbuh dapat dilakukan dengan memindahkan on street parking ke off street parking serta menyediakan kantong parkir di sekitar Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, Soekarno – Hatta, dan Ahmad Yani sesuai dengan kebutuhan parkir untuk mobil sebesar 82 satuan ruang parkir dengan ukuran 2,50 x 5,00 m dan sepeda motor sebesar 312 satuan ruang parkir dengan ukuran 0,75 m x 2,00 m. Alternatif kantong parkir yang tersedia adalah bekas kantor Bupati dengan luas area sekitar 1 ha atau di basement pasar di Blok Timur (luas 1,51 ha untuk parkir mobil) dan Blok Barat (luas 1,46 ha untuk parkir sepeda motor) agar tidak mengganggu kelancaran lalu lintas.
Perpanjangan Lintas Dan Rencana Pola Operasi Kereta Api Lembah Anai Wilayah Divre II Sumatera Barat
Authors: Anggorowati Eka Arista , Nurfadhilla Anggun Mega , Wibowo Ari Widi , Anggana Enrico Pria
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe growing population and the shifting of population movement from the suburbs to the city center will make the demand for rail transportation services to the city center increase. To deal with this problem, it is necessary to study the analysis related to potential demand, the need for the number of facilities and new operating patterns for the extension of railroad relations. The results of the research showed that the potential demand was obtained from the calculation of actual and potential demand, where the actual demand was obtained by carrying out a survey on train from 644 respondents, 85.5% agreed with the extension of the Lembah Anai Railway relation and as many as 88% were willing to choose the train mode. In the potential demand analysis, a stated preference survey was carried out in Pauh District, from 2636 respondents, 86.7% were willing to switch from private vehicles and public transportation to the railroad mode. Based on the analysis of the calculation of facility requirements according to the demand, 1 trainset is ready for operation to accommodate the community to carry out daily mobilization to the center of the Central Business District (CBD) in Padang City.Keywords: Demand, pattern of rail operations, Railway Travel Graph (RTG) ABSTRAK Berkembangnya jumlah penduduk dan semakin bergesernya pergerakan penduduk dari pinggiran kota menuju pusat kota akan membuat semakin meningkatnya jumlah permintaan akan jasa angkutan kereta api sampai menuju pusat kota. Untuk menunjang permasalahan tersebut perlu dikaji analisis terkait potensi demand, kebutuhan jumlah sarana dan pola operasi baru perpanjangan relasi kereta api. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi demand didapatkan dari perhitungan demand aktual dan potensial, dimana demand aktual dilakukan survey on train dari 644 responden 85,5% setuju dengan adanya perpanjangan relasi Kereta Api Lembah Anai dan sebanyak 88% bersedia untuk memilih moda kereta api. Pada analisis demand secara potensial dilakukan survey stated preference di Kecamatan Pauh dari 2636 responden 86,7% bersedia untuk pindah dari moda kendaraan pribadi dan angkutan umum ke moda kereta api. Berdasarkan analisis perhitungan kebutuhan sarana sesuai dengan demand didapatkan 1 trainset Siap Operasi untuk mengakomodir masyarakat melakukan mobilisasi sehari-hari menuju pusat Central Business District (CBD) di Kota Padang.Kata kunci : Demand, kebutuhan sarana, pola operasi kereta api, Grafik Perjalanan Kereta Api (Gapeka)
Legal framework for continuous environmental education of Finnish citizens as the basis of environmental wellness of the country
Authors: Stepanova Anastasia
Published: June 2021

Finland is one of the leading countries in implementation of the principles of sustainable development on the federal level. The foundation for successful environmental policy of this country is the comprehensive and continuous environmental education of citizens. Finns are recognized by the global community as one of the most environmentally conscious people in the world. The article explores Finland ‘s experience in implementation of environmental education in all spheres of social life. Special attention is given to international agreements and conventions that considerably impacted the recognition of environmental education as the basis for the development of environmental culture of the population. The author determines the stages of formation of the normative framework for implementing the environmental education policy. Analysis is conducted on the functions of the main government branches that are responsible for the development of plans and strategies on implementation and coordination of all-round environmental education. The author explores the mechanism of cooperation of the key actors in implementation of the strategies of sustainable development of the country. The article provides the examples of realization of the policy of continuous environmental education in preschools, schools, higher educational institutions, and other educational establishments; as well as the methods of instilling environmental consciousness in the citizens of all age groups. The author analyzes major achievements of Finnish policy on improving environmental culture and increasing environmental awareness of its citizens; assesses its effectiveness and role in setting the course for sustainable development of the country. The experience of Finland can serve as an example of improving this institution in the Russian Federation.
On the concept of “legal work in a commercial organization”
Authors: Mukhin Igor' Valer'evich , Malykh Ivan Vladimirovich
Published: June 2021

This article explores the problem of ambiguity of the category “legal work in a commercial organization”. A well-founded, logically accurate conceptual-categorical apparatus is important not only from a scientific perspective, for achieving the practical effectiveness of such activity as well. The authors raise the question on the absence of legislative consolidation of this category. Analysis is conducted on the existing in legal doctrine approaches towards the concept of “legal work” and “legal work in a commercial organization”. The conducted analysis of legislation and legal doctrine on the subject matter allows concluding on the need for distinguishing a narrow and broad approaches towards definition of the concept “legal work in a commercial organization”. In a narrow sense, it is offered to views this concept as a competent legal activity carried out by the expert, legal adviser, or external lawyer for ensuring effective functionality of the mechanism of legal regulation and systematic receipt of profit. In a broad sense, this concept should be viewed as an actual legal work and the activity of all structural departments, under the supervision of legal service, legal adviser or other entity, who can render a competent legal aid. The authors suggest adopting a special federal law that would regulate legal work, obligating the commercial organizations to hire competent legal experts. This would correspond to the trend of professionalization of legal aid, increase the effectiveness of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of organizations, and thus reduce legal nihilism, improve the quality of justice, optimize the burden on public authorities, and ultimately, contribute to observance of the general legal principle of legitimacy in entrepreneurial activity.
Pengaruh Metode Latihan Beban dengan Gerakan Cepat dan Gerakan Lambat terhadap Peningkatan Hipertrofi Otot Paha
Authors: S Wedi , Umar Umar , Wellis Wilda
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode latihan beban dengan gerakan cepat dan lambat terhadap peningkatan hipertrofi otot paha dan metode manakah yang lebih baik dalam peningkatan hipertrofi otot. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan populasi penelitian seluruh member aktif pada One Gym Fitnes Center Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu sampel terdaftar kurang dari satu bulan di fitness center yang berjumlah 32 orang. Instrumentnya menggunakan pita ukur untuk mengukur lingkar paha dan skindfold untuk mengukur ketebalan lemak pada paha. Untuk menghitung lingkar otot paha digunakan rumus MTC – (3,14 x TSF). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah dengan analisis uji t pada taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hipertrofi otot paha pada kelompok latihan beban dengan gerakan cepat diperoleh nilai thitung 10,969 > ttabel 1,75 dengan rata-rata 46,33. Sedangkan hipertrofi otot paha pada kelompok latihan beban dengan gerakan lambat diperoleh nilai thitung 20,993 > ttabel 1,75 dengan rata-rata 47,43 pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan beban dengan gerakan cepat dan gerakan lambat terhadap peningkatan hipertrofi otot paha, yang mana metode latihan beban dengan gerakan lambat memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap peningkatan hipertrofi otot
Pengaruh Outdoor Education dan Kepramukaan terhadap Social Skill dan Leadership Siswa SMAN 2 Ciamis
Authors: Rohendi Andang
Published: June 2021

Pendidikan merupakan proses perubahan sikap dan perilaku sebagai akibat dari pengalaman. Proses pendidikan diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap perubahan individu ke arah lebih baik. Kenyataan di lapangan masih banyak siswa sekolah yang memiliki keterampilan sosial dan kepemimpinan yang rendah. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut penulis mencoba mengkaji permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh data mengenai pengaruh outdoor education dan kepramukaan terhadap social skill dan leadership siswa SMA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah eksperimen. Populasi dan sampel penelitian adalah siswa SMAN 2 Ciamis Jawa Barat dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang terdiri dari kelompok outdoor education dan 30 orang kelompok kepramukaan yang diambil dengan cara two stage random. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Social Skill Rating System (SSRS) yang dikembangkan oleh Elliot, Husse and Gresham (1993) dan Leadership Assessment yang dikembangkan oleh Hill Consulting Group -Hogan Way Suffolk Virginia (2006). Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, 1) Terdapat pengaruh outdoor education terhadap social skill siswa SMA; 2) Terdapat pengaruh outdoor education terhadap leadership siswa SMA; 3) Terdapat pengaruh kepramukaan terhadap social skill siswa SMA; 4) Terdapat pengaruh kepramukaan terhadap leadership siswa SMA.Education was a process of changing attitudes and behavior as a result of experience. The educational process was expected to make a major contribution to individual change for the better. The reality in the field was that there were still many school students who have low social and leadership skills. Based on these problems, the writer tries to study the problem. The research objective was to obtain data on the effect of outdoor education and scouting on the social skills and leadership of high school students. The method used in this research was experimental. The population and sample of the study were students of SMAN 2 Ciamis West Java with a total sample of 30 people consisting of the outdoor education group and 30 scouting groups taken by two-stage random. The instruments used were the Social Skill Rating System (SSRS) developed by Elliot, Husse and Gresham (1993) and the Leadership Assessment developed by Hill Consulting Group -Hogan Way Suffolk Virginia (2006). The results of the study concluded that, 1) There was an effect of outdoor education on the social skills of high school students; 2) There was an effect of outdoor education on high school student leadership; 3) There was an effect of scouting on the social skills of high school students; 4) There was an effect of scouting on high school student leadership.
Dampak Aktivitas Bersepeda Terhadap Mood Bekerja
Authors: Zaky Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dampak dari aktivitas bersepeda terhadap mood bekerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah studi expost facto dengan static group comparison. Adapun populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota bike to work kota Bandung sebanyak 35 orang yang memenuhi kriteria dan 35 orang yang bukan anggota bike to work sebagai kelompok pembanding (kontrol). Instrumen mood yang digunakan diadopsi dari The Brunnel Mood Scale (BRUMS) yang dikembangkan oleh Peter C. Terry (2010). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan mood bekerja antara kelompok bike to work dengan kelompok pembanding dengan t=2,521 dan p=0,014. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa, terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan dari aktivitas bersepeda terhadap mood bekerjaThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of cycling on working mood. The method used in this study was an ex post facto study with a static group comparison. The population and sample in this study were 35 members of the bike to work city of Bandung who met the criteria and 35 people who were not members of the bike to work as the control group. The mood instrument used was adopted from The Brunnel Mood Scale (BRUMS) developed by Peter C. Terry (2010). The results of the study showed a difference in working mood between the bike to work group and the comparison group with t = 2.521 and p = 0.014. The conclusion of this study is that, there is a significant positive effect of cycling on working mood.
Dampak Latihan Hammer Curl dengan Latihan Barbell Curl terhadap Peningkatan Volume Otot Biceps Brachii
Authors: Rustiawan Hendra , Sutisna Nana
Published: June 2021

Latar belakang dalam penelitian ini bahwa banyak variasi latihan beban dalam memperbesar volume otot lengan atas terutama otot biceps brachii, sekaligus otot yang paling banyak berkontraksi ketika melakukan latihan beban pada otot bagian lain atau lengan adalah media untuk melatih otot pada tubuh bagian atas. Sehingga kerja otot lengan atas terutama otot biceps brachii cukup banyak untuk itu membutuhkan energi yang lebih dibandingkan dengan otot lain.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen karena dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan pelatihan selama dua bulan. Pengolahan data yang dipergunakan adalah SPSS seri 22 menggunakan analisis pair sample t-test dan independent sample t-test. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 40 orang mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani angkatan 2011 hasil dari teknik purposive sampling. Rata-rata tes awal kelompok hammer curl adalah 15.20, dan rata-rata tes akhir adalah 16.20, sedangkan rata-rata tes awal kelompok barbell curl adalah 15.93 dan rata-rata tes akhir adalah 17.86. Serta terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari proses latihan hammer curl terhadap peningkatan volume otot biceps brachi dengan nilai probabilitas (sig.) 0.000 < 0.05. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari proses latihan barbell curl terhadap peningkatan volume otot dengan nilai probabilitas (sig.) 0.000 < 0.05. Maka hasil penelitian hammer curl dan barbell curl menunjukan adanya pengaruh yang nyata (signifikan) terhadap peningkatan volume otot pada mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani angkatan 2011.The background in this study was that many variations of weight training in increased the volume of the upper arm muscles, especially the biceps brachii muscle, as well as the muscles that contract the most when doing weight training on other muscles or arms are the medium for training muscles in the upper body. So that the work of the upper arm muscles, especially the biceps brachii muscle, is quite a lot for it requires more energy than other muscles. The research method used was an experimental method because in this study, training was carried out for two months. The data processing used was SPSS 22 series using pair analysis. sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The number of samples used was 40 Physical Education students class of 2011 as a result of the purposive sampling technique. The mean of the baseline hammer curl group was 15.20, and the mean of the final test was 16.20, while the mean of the baseline barbell curl group was 15.93 and the mean of the final test was 17.86. And there is a significant effect of the hammer curl training process on the increase in the volume of the biceps brachii muscle with a probability value (sig.) Of 0.000 <0.05. There is a significant effect of the barbell curl training process on the increase in muscle volume with a probability value (sig.) Of 0.000 <0.05. So the results of the hammer curl and barbell curl research showed a significant (significant) effect on the increase in muscle volume in 2011 Physical Education students
Pengaruh Program Fundamental Movement Skills Terhadap Pengembangan Proses Sosial (Assosiatif dan Disosiatif) Siswa SD
Authors: Ropi Ucu Abdul , Kardani Gani
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh isu anak yang cenderung memilih aktifitas permainan yang pasif dan kurang menguasai gerak dasar sebagai bekal untuk bersosialisasi. Melalui program FMS anak diperkenalkan gerak dasar (lokomotor, non-lokomotor dan manipulatif). Penguasaan gerak dasar (FMS) yang baik, anak mampu berinteraksi dan bersosialisasi dengan lingkungan sekitar. Metode (True Eksperimen). Desain (Randomized posttest only control group designs). Populasi adalah seluruh siswa SDN 4 Sindangrasa, sampel 64 orang siswa 32 orang kelompok A dan 32 orang kelompok B. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai thit 3,658 dengan probabilitas (p) Sig. 0,001<0,05 maka Ho ditolak, artinya bahwa “Terdapat pengaruh program FMS terhadap pengembangan proses sosial (asosiatif) siswa SD”. Diketahui nilai thit 1,010 dengan probabilitas (p) Sig. 0,275 > 0,05 maka Ho diterima, artinya bahwa “Tidak terdapat pengaruh program FMS terhadap pengembangan proses sosial (disosiatif) Siswa SD”. Program FMS mampu memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengembangan proses sosial (Asosiatif) siswa SD. Program FMS tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengembangan proses sosial (disosiatif) siswa SD.This research was motivated by the issue of children who tend to choose passive play activities and did not master basic movements as a provision for socializing. Through the FMS program, children were introduced to basic movements (locomotor, non-locomotor and manipulative). Good mastery of basic movements (FMS), children were able to interact and socialize with the surrounding environment. Method (True Experiment). Design (Randomized posttest only control group designs). The population was all students of SDN 4 Sindangrasa, a sample of 64 students 32 group A and 32 group B. The results showed a thit value of 3.658 with probability (p) Sig. 0.001 <0.05, so Ho is rejected, meaning that "there was an influence of the FMS program on the development of the social (associative) process of elementary students". It was known that the tit value was 1.010 with probability (p) Sig. 0.275> 0.05 then Ho was accepted, meaning that "there was no influence of the FMS program on the development of the social (dissociative) process of elementary students". The FMS program was able to have a significant influence on the development of the social process (associative) of elementary students. The FMS program does not have a significant influence on the development of the social (dissociative) process of elementary students.
Evaluation of genetic polymorphism of interleukin-1β (rs16944) in chronic and aggressive periodontitis in a group of the Bengali population of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Avishek , Kundu Ritam , Pal Ashit Kumar , Bagchi Somen
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

The genetic basis of periodontitis was demonstrated by formal genetic studies which were focused on a range of various candidate genes selected for their roles in the immune system like genes of the interleukins (ILs) which regulate the intensity of host immunity-inflammatory response. This regulation of host response may be associated with the genetic polymorphisms, specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes of various ILs. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a principal mediator of inflammatory responses acting on many cell types and is itself produced by many different cells, including macrophages, endothelial cells, B cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, astrocytes, and osteoblasts in response to microorganisms, bacterial toxins, and complement components. In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the role of IL-1β-511 (rs16944) genetic polymorphism in chronic as well as aggressive periodontitis in a group of the Bengali population of West Bengal, India.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 88 Bengali patients of both sexes were recruited in this study and they were divided into three groups: Group A (chronic periodontitis group), Group B (aggressive periodontitis group), and Group C (healthy control). The clinical parameters taken into consideration in the assessment of chronic and aggressive periodontitis were plaque index, calculus index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). A 3 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected from each selected participant and transferred to 3% EDTA containing serum vial and stored at −20°C for DNA extraction. DNA extraction was performed by the phenol chloroform method and ethanol precipitation. Genotyping of extracting DNA samples was carried out for locus IL-1β-511 (rs16944) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was tested for the gene polymorphism and association between genotypes and cases was examined by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) and Chi-square analysis using R programming software. Allelic frequencies were calculated according to the number of different alleles observed and the total number of alleles examined. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results:

On analysis of minor allele frequencies of total periodontitis cases and control, the results were found to be statistically insignificant with P = 0.9799. Minor allele frequency of overall periodontitis cases and controls was 0.405 and 0.403, respectively; the odds ratio was 1.008 and 95% CI ranges from 0.53 to 1.88.

Conclusion:

The present study suggested no association of single-nucleotide polymorphism of IL-1β-511 (rs16944) with total periodontitis cases (both chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis) in the present study cohort.
Assessment of oral health-related quality of life among head-and-neck cancer patients attending cancer care center at Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Aswini Sekar , Shavi Girish R , Shankar S , Sanga Ranganath , Lalithambigai G , Rahila C , Santhakumari S
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Oral health is closely related to general health and people’s quality of life (QoL), through affecting their oral functions and social interactions. This study aims to assess the oral health-related QoL among head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients attending cancer care center at Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 340 HNC patients between August and October 2019 attending Government Arignar Anna Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Institute in Kanchipuram District of Tamil Nadu. The questionnaire has two parts. The 1st part consists of demographic characteristics and cancer-related details. The 2nd part was the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL in HNC patients (EORTC QLQ H&N-35) questionnaire.

Results:

Among 340 patients, 72.4% were male and 27.6% were female. The majority of them had Stage II cancer. The main factors affecting oral health related QoL (OHRQoL) were taking painkillers, loss of sexual interest, difficulty in social contact, teeth problems, loss of taste, and smell senses. Significant association found between pain (P = 0.000), sense (P = 0.003), speech (P = 0.000), social eating (P = 0.016), social contact (P = 0.005), teeth problems (P = 0.031), dry mouth (P = 0.000), sticky saliva (P = 0.000), cough (0.002), feeling ill (P = 0.003), nutritional supplement (P = 0.042), and lost weight (P = 0.034) with respect to various treatment modalities. Based on the OHRQoL scores, those who were treated surgically alone had better QoL than others.

Conclusion:

We found that surgically treated HNC patients had better OHRQoL than others. Thus, Oral-Health related Quality of Life assessment can be used to analyse the outcome of treatment, patient satisfaction and their sense of self. We need to build a broader care protocol which satisfies/improves the demands arising from the patients.
Oral health status of children in rural communities of Sri Lanka
Authors: Lowe Oariona , McClellan Dawn
Published: June 2021

Social determinants of health are affected by socioeconomic status, level of education attained, living conditions, and access to healthcare. Access to oral health care is impacted by the environment, in which one resides and the knowledge and benefits of good oral healthcare and prevention, most of which is influenced by parental knowledge and habits. Oral health status was reported on two populations of Sri Lankan children; one group residing in a tea plantation and the other in Mullaithivu, the northernmost area of Sri Lanka. Tea estate dwellers represent an impoverished group, where the education level attained is less than half of the national average. The decay rate in this population of children is high, many of them with early childhood caries. In Mullaithivu, children make up one-third of the population. Children between the ages of 6 and 19 were observed to have a large number of caries. Access to dental care in these remote areas is limited. Developing an oral health program to serve these populations would be beneficial to assist in healthy living.
Knowledge about antibiotic resistance among dental students in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Indrapriyadharshini K , Vishnuprasad Subramanian , Mahesh Jagadeson , Faizunisa H.
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world. New resistance mechanism is emerging and spreading globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Dentists prescribe about 9–11% of all common antibiotics. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of antibiotic resistance among graduating dental students.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 294 participants between November 2019 and December 2019. A structured questionnaire consisting of 14 questions was administered to the dental students. Descriptive analysis of demographic variables was done and knowledge score and attitude score were performed using Kruskal–Wallis H test.

Results:

About 85% of the participants suggested amoxicillin as the choice of antibiotic. Among the four domains suggesting the solution for antibiotic resistance, 48% of the final year students suggested avoiding self-medication as a solution, 34% of interns suggested avoiding over dosage, and 48% of the 3rd year students suggested completing the course of antibiotics. A majority of (87%) of the final year students suggested the usage of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with infective endocarditis. The difference in mean change in attitude scores among the groups was statistically significant (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:

The research showed variable levels of knowledge and attitude about antibiotic resistance among the students of different year of study. The study result insists the need to educate the dental students more regarding antibiotics and their proper use.
Nanoparticles in caries prevention: A review
Authors: Tejaswi Bollina , Gopal Sree Vidya , Sivapriya Elangovan , Archana Durvasulu , PradeepKumar Angambakkam Rajasekaran
Published: June 2021

Nanotechnology is the branch of engineering that uses molecular machines with precise structures that are less than or equal to 0.1 μm in size. The word nano denotes 10 to the power of minus nine or 1 billionth. Treatment options for dental caries have been extensively studied; among them, the role of nanoparticles is of recent interest. Nanoparticles have shown promising results in the field of caries prevention because of their unique physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics. Nanosized systems have distinctive properties due to their increased surface-to-volume ratio and increased bioavailability toward cells and tissues. Furthermore, improved surface area results in better mechanical interlocking of nanoparticles to the resin matrix. They prevent dental caries by antimicrobial, remineralizing, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Although many nanoparticles have been studied for their role in caries prevention, only a few materials which were extensively studied are included in this review.
Comparative evaluation of bond strength of three self-adhering flowable composites to sound and demineralized enamel – An in vitro study
Authors: Benjwal Shrikanth , Goswami Mousumi , Saxena Aditya , Kurien Reenu Sarah , Mushtaq Anam
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to determine bond strength of three self-adhering flowable composites.

Materials and Methods:

Mean tensile bond strength was measured in three groups – Group A – Constic, Group B – Dyad Flow, and Group C – Fusio Liquid Dentin on sound and demineralized primary teeth. Fracture pattern was studied using a stereomicroscope for each sample and in classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed fracture.

Results:

Mean tensile bond strength in sound enamel of Group A (Constic) was found to be 10.79 + 4.24, Group B (Dyad Flow) was 10.30 + 4.63, and of Group C (Fusio Liquid Dentine) was 11.87 + 4.45. No significant difference was found between the three groups (f = 0.327 and P = 0.724). However, a significant difference was found with demineralized enamel in three groups. Constic and Dyad Flow exhibited adhesive fracture pattern in majority of samples on sound enamel, whereas Fusio Liquid Dentin had mixed fracture pattern. On demineralized enamel, Constic exhibited adhesive fracture pattern majorly, whereas Dyad flow demonstrated mixed pattern and Fusio Liquid Dentin had more of cohesive fractures.

Conclusion:

Constic, Dyad Flow, and Fusio Liquid Dentin can be used instead of conventional pit and fissure sealants or in small occlusal cavities in primary teeth as a single step material.
Pengaruh Pemberian Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum) Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Perineum pada Ibu Postpartum di Desa Tanjung Jati Kecamatan Binjai Kabupaten Langkat
Authors: Siagian Nurul Aini , Wahyuni Eka Sri , Ariani Peny , Manalu Andayani Boang
Published: June 2021

Proses persalinan hampir 90% yang mengalami robekan perineum, baik dengan atau tanpa episiotomi Angka kejadian robekan perineum terjadi hampir 90 % pada proses persalinan normal. Daun sirih merah atau Piper crocatum diketahui mempunyai kandungan kimia yang berefek antiseptik dan antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai lama penyembuhan luka perineum ibu postpartum dengan menggunakan rebusan daun sirih merah dan obat anti septik di Desa Tanjung Jati Kecamatan Binjai Kabupaten Langkat . Metode Penelitian Yaitu Quasi Eksperimental, Populasi Ibu Pospartum Dengan Luka Perineum. Sampel Kelompok eksperimen diberikan rebusan daun sirih merah sebanyak 4-5 lembar selama 7 hari 18 orang dan kelompok kontrol 18 orang. Sampel diambil secara consecutive sampling yang dilaksanakan di Desa Tanjung Jati Kec. Binjai Kab. Langkat pada bulan April-Juli 2020. Hasil Penelitian ini yaitu rerata lama penyembuhan  pada kelompok kontrol 5,28±0,958 dengan Min-Max 3-6 hari, sedangkan pada kelompok intervensi dengan rerata lama penyembuhan 3,00 ± 1,372 dengan Min-Max 2-5. Ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna (p-value = 0,001) lama hari penyembuhan antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ada pengaruh pemberian rebusan daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum) terhadap penyembuhan luka perineum pada ibu postpartum.
Analysis of The Readiness of The Technical Unit (UPT) Health Laboratory of Pekanbaru City in Implementing the Policy of The Regional Public Service Agency(BLUD) in Pekanbaru CityIn 2020
Authors: Heriyadi Heriyadi , Muryanto Irwan , Arnawilis Arnawilis , Mitra Mitra , Mishbahuddin Mishbahuddin
Published: June 2021

The health laboratory is a public service institution that has an important role in improving public health status. With the increasing demands for health laboratories in improving services, many problems have arisen related to the lack of human resources, budgeting, long bureaucratic flows of disbursement of funds, long process of procuring facilities and infrastructure, and financial management regulations that hinder the smooth running of services. Through the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD), the technical unit (UPT) health laboratory of Pekanbaru city is expected to have flexibility in managing finances independently, increasing professionalism, entrepreneurship, transparency, and accountability that can improve services to the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the readiness of UPT health laboratory of Pekanbaru city in the Implementation of BLUD policy in Pekanbaru city in 2020. The study was qualitative. 6 informants were consisting of 5 main informants and 1 supporting informant. The triangulation used were the source, method, and data triangulation. The results showed that readiness in terms of input was still lacking in human resources in finance and administration. From a process point of view, the UPT health laboratory of Pekanbaru city has completed all the substantive, technical, and administrative requirements. And in terms of output, the UPT health laboratory of Pekanbaru city is ready to implement the BLUD policy. It is hoped that the UPT health laboratory of Pekanbaru city will immediately submit an assessment of the implementation of BLUD policies. Becoming a BLUD can fulfill their needs independently with a faster process.
Analisis Implementasi Manajemen Program Imunisasi Hepatitis B-0 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2020
Authors: Asmanto Ejon , Syafrani Syafrani , Kamal Yanwir , Hanafi Ahmad , Sambudi Dedi
Published: June 2021

Implementasi program imunisasi puskesmas merupakan unsur yang sangat penting, namun masih ditemukan bahwa penyelenggaraan program imunisasi di Puskesmas belum berjalan sesuai dengan ketetapan yang ada pada Permenkes RI No. 12 Tahun 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi manajemen program imunisasi Hepatitis B-0 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Pengumpulan data ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya Kabupaten Kampar melalui wawancara mendalam melibatkan 7 informan dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya petugas pengelola vaksin, pelatihan imunisasi belum dilaksanakan, perencanaan kebutuhan alat suntik, safety box, dan cold chain tidak dilaksanakan oleh Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya, tidak tersedianya tempat pengeloaan limbah imunisasi dan pelaporan imunisasi tidak tepat waktu. Disarankan kepada Puskesmas Rumbio Jaya Kabupaten Kampar agar mengangkat petugas pengelola vaksin sehingga kegiatan imunisasi dapat terlaksana dengan maksimal, sebaiknya membuat perencanaan kebutuhan alat suntik, safety box, dan cold chain, sebaiknya membuat pelaporan imusisasi tepat waktu minimal tanggal 5 pada bulan berikutnya. Disarankan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kampar agar mengadakan pelatihan imunisasi minimal satu kali dalam setahun dan sebaiknya menyediakan tempat pengeloaan limbah imunisasi.
Ovarian Cancer in the Sudan - Identifying the Social and Clinical Factors that Prevent an Early Diagnosis
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, UK, E Mohamed , F Bature ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, UK, B Guinn ,   Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, UK, IHM Ali ,   Military Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan, F Abdelaziz ,   Military Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan, S Alsayed ,   Military Hospital, Omdurman, Sudan, MM Mukhtar ,   Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan, BI Osman ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Published: June 2021

Ovarian cancer, because it often presents with vague symptoms, is a difficult disease to diagnose at the early stages, especially in developing countries. In Sudan, diagnosis is further complicated by additional factors and challenges. First, as in any developing country, access to treatment, facilities and medical staff is generally lacking. Secondly, Sudan is the second largest country in Africa: its very size presents difficulties for the implementation of a centralized health system. The two tertiary hospitals in or near the capital have long patient waiting lists. The lack of female education in sub-Saharan Africa, together with social and economic issues affecting women, is a further obstacle to disease diagnosis and management. Misdiagnosis, leading to inappropriate treatment, may result from the presence of comorbid diseases such as Tuberculosis (TB), which can mimic ovarian cancer and obstruct early detection. Most patients are identified at the later stages when the complications associated with invasive procedures and conventional chemotherapy make treatment much less effective. The early detection of biomarkers may prove to be a vital tool to indicate targets for immunotherapy treatment. Financial aid may help improve the outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer in the Sudan, assisting with diagnosing and management procedures including training medical staff. Research and development, documentation and updating the statistical register for the whole country are also important requirements for future improvements. Finally, there is a need to promote interdisciplinary work between surgeons and clinical oncologists to optimize international guidelines and protocols in accordance with the facilities available.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraceptive among Undergraduate Female College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, JT Deressa , L Yang ,   Department of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
Published: June 2021

Background: Emergency contraceptive is a unique type of family planning methods, which has been available since 1970s and can prevent pregnancy, when used after unprotected sex around the time of ovulation. Objectives: The main purpose of the study was to investigate the knowledge level, attitude towards and practice of emergency contraceptive among female college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used and data were collected by structured pre-tested questionnaire that 456 students were randomly selected. Logistic regression analysis was used and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: About 53.3% of the study participant’s knowledge level were good and 56.1% of them showed a positive attitude towards emergency contraceptive. Field of study, year of study and awareness were associated with the knowledge level. Age, year of study and sexual behavior were associated with attitudes towards emergency contraceptive. Attitude towards emergency contraceptive and sexual behavior were associated with the utilization of emergency contraceptive. Conclusions: The knowledge level, attitude towards and practice of emergency contraceptives were affected by age, field of study, level of study, awareness and sexual behavior.
Association of Common Variant Rs2281135 of PNPLA3 with Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis in Chinese Han Males
Authors:   Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, H Chen , Y Zhang ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, J Huang ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, F Yang ,   Department of Pediatrics Outpatient Service, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China, Y Zhang ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, T Guo ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, China, Y Mao ,   Department of Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China, C Liu ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, L Cheng ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Y Li ,   Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Y Wang ,   Department of Cancer Research Institute, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim: Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD), caused by longterm heavy alcohol consumption, is influenced by genetic factors. Studies have illustrated the overlapping genetic mechanism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and ALD. Recently, a number of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have demonstrated several SNPs were strongly associated with NAFLD. The aim of present study is to evaluate the association between these NAFLD-associated SNPs and ALD in Chinese Han population. Methods: Nine SNPs were selected and genotyped in a cohort of 507 patients with ALD and 645 healthy controls by using MassARRAY iPLEX system. Alleles and genotypes analysis of SNPs were performed in logistic regression. The association between SNP and the level of liver serum biomarkers was tested in chi-square test and linear regression model. Results: Our data confirmed that rs2281135 A-allele in PNPLA3 and rs3761472 G-allele in SAMM50 were significantly associated with increased risk of ALD (P = 1.93×10-12, OR [95% CI] = 1.82 [1.54-2.15]; P = 2.08×10-16, OR [95% CI] = 1.06 [1.04-1.08], respectively). The genotypes of rs2281135 were associated with ALD in additive, dominant and recessive genetic model (P = 1.24×10-11, P = 1.46×10-7, P = 2.07×10-9, respectively). In addition, rs2281135 was found to be associated with serum elevated levels of ALT (P = 5.0×10-3), AST (P = 0.03), ALP (P = 0.02), GGT (P = 0.03) in patients with ALD. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that PNPLA3 common variant rs2281135 was significantly associated with ALD in Chinese male Han population.
« What a Catch! »: A Case Report on Denial and Myocardial Infarction
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, F Naviaux A , E Banse ,   Faculty of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, A Guedes ,   Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, P Janne ,   Faculty of Psychology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, M Gourdin ,   Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Published: June 2021

Coronary disease has long been associated with different behavioral patterns (Pattern A, D) and denial mechanisms. Denial can take various forms that put the coronary patient at risk during the whole course of his illness [1,2]. Objective This case shows to what extent denial mechanisms can interfere in the relationship between some coronary patients and their caregivers. Case Presentation Roger, - now deceased - would have been 95 this year and had two heart attacks. His first infarction was anteroseptal, while his second was an inferior infarct. He suffers from coronary disease and has a history of unstable angina. He had a double coronary bypass (saphenous vein graft on left anterior descending artery and right coronary artery.). Heart wise, when we met him, he was currently symptom-free but presented a dyspnea of grade II to III. He denied any ongoing chest pain even during moderate effort. We assessed Roger in the context of his heart surgery. We met him in Intensive Care Unit both before and after the intervention. During the postoperative phase, he described his second heart attack. He really enjoyed telling us the story of his second infarction, which occurred while he was already on antianginal medication (i.e. Cedocard®). It all started while he was angling during the weekend. Roger had been fishing for several hours but had not caught anything. He was upset and about to leave (Pattern A typical impatience) [1-3] when all of a sudden, he felt his line snapping tight for a split second: a line bite! The trout was, allegedly, huge, and his fishing rod was too light to land the fish in one go. Being a strategic angler, Roger decided to wear the fish down and to slowly bring it back to shore so that he could scoop it with his landing net. While doing so, he felt the first angina pain occurring and persisting. He tried to reach for his tablets in his pocket but could not manage as his hand was already benumbed. He explained: « At that stage, I told myself: Roger, it’s you or the trout! » Well, he went for the trout! He landed the fish first (after a one-hour struggle) and only then agreed to go to hospital in emergency (if this term remains appropriate in such a context).